Abstract : OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role that biomechanical strains and psychosocial work factors play in occupational class disparities in low-back pain in the GAZEL cohort. METHODS: Recruited in 1989, the GAZEL cohort members were employees of the French national company in charge of energy who volunteered to enroll in an annual follow-up survey. The study population comprised 1487 men who completed questionnaires in 1996 past occupational exposure to manual material handling, bending-twisting, and driving, 1997 psychosocial work factors, and 2001 low-back pain using a French version of the Nordic questionnaire for the assessment of low-back pain. Associations between low-back pain for >30 days in the preceding 12 months and social position at baseline four categories were described with a Cox model to determine prevalence ratios for each category. We compared adjusted and unadjusted ratios to quantify the contribution of occupational exposures. RESULTS: The prevalence of low-back pain for >30 days was 13.6%. The prevalence of low-back pain adjusted for age was significantly higher for blue-collar workers and clerks than for managers. The number of socioeconomic disparities observed was significantly reduced when biomechanical strains were taken into account; adjusting for psychosocial factors had little impact. CONCLUSION: In this population, occupational exposures-especially biomechanical strains-played an important role in occupational class disparities for persistent or recurrent low-back pain.