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History Digital or Analog Analog Functions Circuits with Both DC and AC Trends INTRODUCTION

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Dear Student: This presentation is arranged in segments. Each segment is preceded by a Concept Preview slide and is followed by a Concept Review slide. When you reach a Concept Review slide, you can return to the beginning of that segment by clicking on the Repeat Segment button. This will allow you to view that segment again, if you want to.

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Concept Preview The world of electronics can be divided into digital or analog. Analog signals come from nature and from physical systems. Analog signals have an infinite variety of levels. Digital signals usually have only two levels. Digital signals are often represented as binary numbers. A/D and D/A conversions are commonplace.

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ANALOG An infinite number of levels

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DIGITAL 2 levels

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ANALOG (non-linear)

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A/D converter Binary numbers Analog in … digital out

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D/A converter Digital in … analog out

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D/A converter

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Electronic Circuit Quiz The output of a typical digital circuit has _________ states or levels. two The output of a typical analog circuit has ________ states or levels. infinite Linear electronic circuits are in the category called ____________. analog An analog circuit with some distortion can be called ________. non-linear An analog signal can be changed to a numerical format by an ____________. A/D converter

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Concept Review The world of electronics can be divided into digital or analog. Analog signals come from nature and from physical systems. Analog signals have an infinite variety of levels. Digital signals usually have only two levels. Digital signals are often represented as binary numbers. A/D and D/A conversions are commonplace. Repeat Segment

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Concept Preview Many circuits and signals have both ac and dc components. Capacitors can couple ac signals from one point to another. Coupling capacitors have low reactance at the signal frequency. Capacitors block dc since they have infinite reactance at 0 Hz. Bypass capacitors remove the ac component. Bypass capacitors have one lead grounded.

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Capacitor/Resistor Quiz A node in an electronic circuit can have both dc and ac _________. components Capacitors support the flow of ac but block ________. dc Resistors provide equal opposition to both ____________. dc and ac When a capacitor is used to eliminate ac at a node it is called a ________. bypass A blocking capacitor is used to eliminate ________ at a circuit node. dc

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Concept Review Repeat Segment Many circuits and signals have both ac and dc components. Capacitors can couple ac signals from one point to another. Coupling capacitors have low reactance at the signal frequency. Capacitors block dc since they have infinite reactance at 0 Hz. Bypass capacitors remove the ac component. Bypass capacitors have one lead grounded.