"Modern anti-Semitism is a problem
created by the Nazi revolution. It is the
most cunning of all the cunning meth-
ods devised by the Nazis to destroy de-
mocracies from within. It threatens not
only Jews, but the bases and future of
democracy and Christianity. We shall
win the global war on the field of battle.
But if at the same time we accept and
become permeated with even a portion
of the Nazi ideology, in a larger sense
we shall have lost the war. That is why,
as I see it, anti-Semitism is one of the
most challenging and significant prob-
lems in America today. And since anti-
Semitism is not only contrary to the
teachings of democracy but contrary to
the teachings of Christ, Christians par-
ticularly must unite their efforts to com-
bat it. It is impossible to understand
how a man can hate or persecute the
Jews and at the same time pretend to
keep allegiance with the principles of

Christianity. As Pope Pius XI, in de-
ploring anti-Semitism, aptly remarked:
'It is a movement in which Christians
can have no part whatsoever. Anti-Sem-
itism is unacceptable. Spiritually we are
Semites.' "
Justice Frank Murphy
United States Supreme Court.

ILO Condemns Anti-Semitism
As a final action before adjourning,
government, industry and labor delegates
from forty-one nations attending the
twenty-sixth conference of the Interna-
national Labor Organization in Phila-
delphia, adopted a resolution condemning
anti-Semitism, and demanding that per-.
sons guilty of anti-Semitic acts be pun-
ished.
A statement demanding that the doors
of Palestine be kept open for Jewish
immigration, was signed by the worker
delegates from twenty-four countries to
the International Labor Organization's
conference.

20 YEARS ICOR MEMBERSHIP AND SUBSCRIPTION DRIVE
April 25 to May 25, 1944

2
Total for the month........................... 165
Previously ........................... ......... 1,602
Total as of May 25, '44.................... 1,767

EUGENE D. KISSILEV,

CONSUL GENERAL, U.S.S.R,,

GREETS ICOR

"... Sincere greetings to the mem-
bers of the Icor Association and to all
present who have gathered to celebrate
the 10th Anniversary of the Jewish Au-
tonomous Region in the U.S.S.R.-Biro-
Bidjan. I wish you best of success in
your important work directed to consoli-
dating the friendship and collaboration
between the great American and Soviet
peoples."

PROMINENT AMERICANS

HAIL BIRO-BIDJAN
May 8, 1944.
To Icor Association
1 Union Square West
New York 3, N. Y.
I am deeply appreciative of your
kind invitation to attend the Tenth
Anniversary Celebration of Biro-
Bidjan.
I hope that the Anniversary will
be celebrated with the utmost en-
thusiasm-it marks an achieve-
ment of tremendous importance to
all of us as Jews, reinforced this
year by the magnificent successes
of the Soviet armies and their con-
tribution to ultimate victory.
Sincerely yours,
Stanley M. Isaacs.

May 2, 1944.
Rabbi Abraham Bick,
"Nailebn,"
1 Union Square West
New York 3, N. Y.
Dear Rabbi Bick:
Sorry I haven't time to write
very much but of course cannot
allow this opportunity to pass
without telling you that I believe
the Soviet Union has done a fine
thing in setting up Biro-Bidjan as
a Jewish autonomous region. I
definitely believe that the future of
nationalities of all kinds is to be
as Regions.
Yours sincerely,
Kenneth Leslie.

June, 1944

NAILEB N

June, 1944 NAILEBN

Jewish Anti-Fascist

Committee Greets ICOR

Biro-Bidjan Anniversary

Moscow, U.S.S.R.
May 15th, 1944.
Icor Association
One Union Square
New York 3, New York

Congratulations on the occasion of the
Tenth Anniversary Jewish Autonomous
Region. Growth of prosperity in the
Jewish Autonomous Region is the fruit
of Lenin and Stalin National Policy.
Only on basis of this policy was it pos-
siple for our people, who had been sub-
jected to persecution for centuries, to
become equal among equals in a family
of free Soviet peoples, having obtained
unlimited opportunities for development
of their national culture and building up
their own Jewish state in the Soviet
Union on equal terms with all other peo-
ples headed by the great Russian people.
They don't begrudge their blood, lives
or money for benefit of their country.
Among 45,000 Jewish soldiers decorated
by Soviet Government for valor, courage
and heroism in war are many from the
Jewish Autonomous Region.
May your celebrations of the Tenth
Anniversary of the Jewish Autonomous
Region, this great date in history of our
people, help strengthen friendship be-
tween our two countries both in years
of common struggle for the defeat of
Hitlerism and in postwar building of
durable, just peace on basis of complete
freedom for the peoples of the world.
The fact that the Red Army is clear-
ing Soviet territory of fascist scum is
guarantee for our people among others
of bright future in all spheres of life
and in building up of their Soviet state.
We greatly value your great work in
the development of the Jewish Autono-
mous Region and for happiness of our
people in general. We wish you greater
successes in future.
Signed:
Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee U.S.S.R.
Prof. Solomon Michoels, Chairman
Schachno Epstein, Secretary.

The occupation of Hungary by Ger-
man troops struck at the very life of
the largest Jewish population not under
complete Nazi domination in Europe.
The eight hundred thousand native Jews
and the one hundred and fifty thousand
refugees who had been able to escape
neighboring Nazi-conquered lands are
now exposed to the Nazi ruthlessness as
perpetrated in Poland, the Baltic States
and in the occupied portions of Soviet
Russia.
The tragedy is all the greater in that
Hungary of all the nations in East Eu-
rope had until 1920 the best record as
regards the treatment of Jews. It was one
of the first countries in Europe to grant
full emancipation to its Jewish popula-
tion; Jews played a large role in its cul-
tural, political and economic life. Until
the advent of the Horthy regime it was,
to quote an authority, "an island of re-
sistance against the anti-Semitic currents
represented by Czarist Russia and mid-
dle-class Germany." And even under
Horthy, as President Roosevelt ob-
served, hundreds of thousands of Jews,
while living under persecution, at least
found there a haven from death.
True, there were tragic incidents. In
July 1941 more than 18,000 Jews, most-
ly of Polish descent, who could not pro-
duce proof of their Hungarian citizen-
ship, were deported to Galicia where
they fell into the hands of armed Ukrain-
ian bands under German command.
After nearly 12,000 of them had been
machine-gunned by the Nazis, the Hun-
garian army command enabled the re-
maining Jews to return to Hungary
where they were immediately interned.
But until the fateful day of occupation
most of the Hungarian Jews were per-
mitted to live at least in physical safety.
This haven is now being destroyed.
Reports from Hungary are alarming.
Swedish newspapers, quoting local cor-
respondents, state that Jews are being
arrested by tens of thousands and placed
in concentration camps. There have been
thousands of suicides. The drive against
the Jews of Hungary is being conducted
under German supervision, and follows
the pattern set in Poland during the
early days of German occupation. The
arrested Jews are shipped to unknown

destinations; others are being conscript-
ed for slave labor. The property of the
arrested Jews is being confiscated. Fur-
ther action of an even more sweeping
nature threatens. The Hungarian radio
is already serving notice with a torrent
of anti-Jewish propaganda and cries of
"Jewish treason."
There is hope, however, that the ter-
ror may not be as complete or as efficient
in Hungary and the Balkans as in other
occupied German territory. The advance
of the Russian armies into Rumania and
to the very borders of Hungary has put
teeth into President Roosevelt's warning
message to the satellite powers, threaten-
ing stern punishment for those who join
in the mistreatment of the Jews and
calling for help to the persecuted. The
day of retribution is not far off; if not
pangs of conscience then fear of reprisal
may move the people of Hungary and
Rumania to extend such aid as they dare
to the refugees.
The Germans will doubtless pursue
their victims with customary ruthless-
ness, but hardly with their usual effi-
ciency. For they themselves are in flight.
Soon they may need to control whole
populations and not merely a few hun-
dred thousand Jews. They will need the
help of local authorities, who in the na-
ture of things will be none too pleased
with the assignment.
In this lies the strength of the Presi-
dent's warning. It is addressed not only
to the leaders but also to minor officials
and local authorities. A record will be
kept of their actions. Those who join in
the persecution will be punished, those
who aid the victims may avoid punish-
ment. Surely many thousands of Hunga-
riaps-never traditionally hostile to Jews
-and Rumanians who already feel the
breath of the avengers, will pause before
delivering Jewish victims over to the
Nazi butchers. We can only hope and
pray.

JEWS IN HUNGRY

BUY WAR BONDS

AND STAMPS

June, 1944

NAILEBN

NAILEBN June, 1944

WOE TO THE MISLEADERS
(on the Polish-Jewish Question)

by SHOLEM ASCH

When an idea, summoned by need and
discontent, fails to be realized, an alien
dark force, conceived by the devil, ar-
rives and bestially throws itself into the
void left by the ideal. It utilizes the
despair created by the unrealized ideal,
often operates with the same phrases,
sows the same hopes until it wins over
the deceived masses to its side. Like
Satan, it stands upon the structure erect-
ed by the ideal, to usurp power. A clear
example of this is the rise of Hitlerism in
Germany.
Nazism was made ripe by the leader-
ship of German Social-Democracy which
had failed to fulfill its duty toward the
embittered German masses. If German
Social-Democracy had used the power
which bankrupt German Junkerdom so
completely delivered over to it, if Ger-
man Social-Democracy had realized the
revolutionary program which it had
preached for generations, Hitler could
not have deceived the German masses
with a promise that he would realize the
program in his own manner.
Considering the world scene in this
light, one can say with certainty that if
Lenin had not succeeded in carrying
through the Bolshevik Revolution in
1917, and power had remained in the
weak, half-traitorous hands of Russian
Social-Democracy, a Russian Hitler and
a Russian Nazism would have arisen a
decade earlier than in Germany. There
would have been no Red Army to de-
stroy Nazism and fascism today.

The world is only now beginning to
enjoy the fruit of the Bolshevik Revolu-
tion of 1917. It is thanks only to the
Bolshevik Revolution that the world will
arise cleansed of Hitler, even if wounded
and bloody.
The same crime committed by German
Social-Democracy at the end of the first
World War, a bankrupt Social-Democ-
racy wants to commit again today, even
before the war has been completed. Just
as Noske surrendered to the German
Junkers-the cat was trusted with the
milk-and put himself with his entire
machinery at the service of the German
army which had nurtured Hitler in its
bosom; and just as Kerensky wanted to
entrust the safety of the Russian Revo-
lution to the hands of the Russian Jun-
kers; so Social-Democracy today wants
to surrender to the fascists. It is such an
alliance that the leadership of the Jew-
ish Bund (the Jewish Social-Democratic
organization), has formed with the Po-
lish government-in-exile.
Social-Democratic leaders have learned
nothing and forgotten nothing. The few
remaining Jewish leaders are blindly giv-
ing themselves up to the Polish govern-
ment, to put power into the hands of the
fascists. They, the Narodova Democrats,
with Sosnkowski at the head, will take
care of the Polish masses, particularly of
the Jews. They will hold the power, and
they will dispense justice which will suf-
fice for the leaders of the Bund. Woe to
such justice as this will be! Woe to the

countenance that the Bund will have in
the eyes of the Jewish masses and to the
fate which the Jew will meet at the
hands of Polish reaction!
Yes, this is a play for the devil, which
they have made to save their own skins.
but it will never succeed.
The masses have learned the great les-
son of what happens to an ideal when
traitors abandon it to the enemy. Ger-
man Social-Democracy, Noske and Hit-
ler, will forever stand before the eyes
of the people like black shadows to
teach them in whose hands to entrust
power.
And in the meantime the Red Army
is moving nearer and nearer. Its
boots tread upon the body of the enemy,
it hammers at the walls of the prison
into which Hitler has thrust the world.
The thundering steps of the Red Army
awaken hope, strengthen hands, fill
hearts with courage and power.
"Hold out, we are coming," the steps
call-"we are near;, we are here already."
The joy and hope which the Red
Army marching forward calls forth in
the hearts of the tortured masses, also
throws fear and dread into the enemy's
heart, into the hearts of the fascists of
all colors, into the hearts of all the de-
based human worms who have the sorry
courage to aid fascism, to give it com-
fort, to whitewash it and to deliver into
its hands the fate of the Jewish masses.
Woe to such misleaders!

would have been declared a Jewish Socialist Republic."
There are at present millions of Jews in Uzbekistan, Ka-
sakstan Tadjic Republic, in the Volga region, whom the So-
viet Government saved from Nazi torture chambers and cer-
tain death at the beginning of the German invasion. A great
number of them will avail themselves of the opportunity
of the proximity of Biro-Bidjan, will settle there and thus
hasten the establishment of the Jewish State in the U.S.S.R.
That is the significance of Biro-Bidjan. That is the reason
why the "Icor" Association has in the last twenty years
carried on a campaign concerning this significant fact.
Is Biro-Bidjan antagonistic to any other Jewish settlement,
Eretz Isroel, for instance? To assume such an attitude
would be to acknowledge one's credulity toward malicious
gossip. Nothing would be further from the truth than to
allow the remote possibility of such a possibility. Quite

the contrary. The great Yishev in Palestine and Biro-Bidjan
can go on building up a Jewish life, each one helping the
other. This mutual assistance has been going on without
interruption, particularly since Hitler's treacherous invasion
of the U.S.S.R. Jews in Palestine as well as Jews in the
Soviet Union understand that Hitlerism is the implacable
enemy of all the Jews.
At this writing, the press and the radio are preparing for
the day when the armies of the United Nations will invade
the "Fortress of Fascism" and smash it! A new era will dawn
on humanity. Our job is to help restore the homes, factories
and farms of our allies. No partner of our nation in this
grim war for national self-preservation suffered more than
the Soviet Union. As Jews and as Americans we should in-
crease our aid to them. To that end the Icor dedicates all its
facilities, all its energy!

June, 1944

NAILEBN

"DfAILCB11" (new Life)
Vol. XVIII, No. 6 (163) New York, N. Y., June, 1944 "gW209 Single Copy 10 cents
NAILEBN, I Union Square, New York 3, N. Y., Telephone ALgonquin 4-2045, published monthly by the ICOR Association for information on the
economic, cultural, and social life of the Jews the world over. Yearly subscription, $1.00.
Re-entered as second-class matter August 22, 1938, at the Post office at New York, N. Y., under the act of March 3, 1879.
Business Manager-A. JENOFSKY

THE SIGNIFICANCE
by M. L.
There is no denying that the main problem confronting
the Jewish people everywhere today is, what are the possi-
bilities for them to continue their very existence as a people.
With one-fourth of the Jews of the world exterminated
by fascism, with the "White Paper" staring at them at the
gates of Palestine, with the increased propaganda of the
anti-Semites in our country-the question of the "Tomor-
row" for the Jewish people is real and demands an answer,
must point to the way out of the present plight that has
befallen a whole people.
Though a good many of them at times get moody and
depressed, yet like all peoples the will to live and fight for
their right to live is the overwhelming mood. It is precisely
because of the natural desire to carry on, that the Jewish
people participate everywhere so actively in the life and
death struggle against Hitlerism and fascism. It is for this
reason that Jews in our country are in the front ranks of
the war effort, that the Jews, together with the other Amer-
icans, Negroes and white, Catholic and Protestant, are sup-
porting the movements for the preservation and extenuation
of our free American institutions. For is it not clear by
now to everyone that the struggle against fascism must be
fought by concerted efforts of all the people, on all fronts,
the home front as well? Is not this the essence of the his-
torical decision at Teheran, so vigorously hammered out by
President Roosevelt, Marshal Stalin and Winston Churchill?
More and more the Jews, therefore, consider the Teheran
decision not as something "academic," not as a fine elo-
quent proposition to be seriously taken up in the "sweet
by-and-by." On the contrary, the resolutions adopted by the
world's great leaders at the gathering in Teheran is taken
as a guide for immediate action, for incorporating its prin-
ciples in the nation's various activities, now and after vic-
tory, to bring it down to earth, implant it into soil, watch
it grow and reap the fruits. At last have peace and security
on earth!
The appeasers, pro-Hitlerites, Jew and Negro-haters in
America abhor the decisions of Teheran. Yet progressive
America (and that's the overwhelming majority of the peo-
ple) visualizes an America and a world free of national
oppression and the Jews a national existence without the
corrosive effects of anti-Semitism and discrimination.
Little wonder, then, that the eyes of the progressive world
are turned toward the U.S.S.R.-our great and valiant ally.
SNot only had that country shown mankind how to get rid
of the Nazis ("invincibles" proclaimed by themselves and
by some of their friends here), but it had demonstrated how
this world-saving feat was accomplished.

OF BIRO-BIDJAN
OLKEN
One-sixth of the globe; one hundred and sixty ethnic
groups; so many different cultures, languages, customs, re-
ligions-yet real national unity, fighting the enemy and
winning in the name of that unity, for a motherland that
is as precious to the Russian as it is to the Jew and Tartar,
each one's culture complementing the other's. "Forward for
Pushkin and Sholem Aleichem" is the officers' command
before going over the top, to the soldiers of the various na-
tional groups.
Anti-Semitism? That was uprooted 26 years ago. One
of the very first decrees issued by the Soviet Government
was against this evil, right at the start of the revolution.
Need we say that a country which tolerates anti-Semitism
thereby undermines its national organism, rendering it an
easy prey to the virus of fascism?
Did the Soviet Government propose assimilation to its
millions of Jews? No, national problems are not solved that
way. On the contrary, it was the government of the U.S.S.R.
which helped to develop the national cultures of the various
nationalities, including that of the Jewish people. At nu
time in the history of the Jews has their language, Yiddish,
and literature, schools, Jewish theatre, movie, art, etc.,
reached anywhere near the present development in the
U.S.S.R.
Of course, decrees alone did not accomplish the above.
By introduction of the Jew in places where prior to the revo-
lution admittance was denied him, such as the heavy indus-
try, the coal mines, the railroads and agriculture; into the
army, navy and air corps, etc., into the government appa-
ratus, a new Jew was created. A citizen proud of his coun-
try-a true son of his people.
To complete the restoration of the Jews as a nation, the
Soviet Government granted to them in the Far East, west
of the river Amur, a tract of land the size of Belgium and
Holland combined-Biro-Bidjan. This, a virgin country,
required pioneers to make it a place suitable for human
habitation. It was not an easy job. Yet in 1934 Biro-Bidjan
became sufficiently developed to be declared a Jewish Au-
tonomous Territory. At present, Jewish life is flourishing
there. The reports submitted to the recent Plenum (enlarged
session) of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee at Moscow
by Israel Goldmacher and Leah Lishasnkaya, deputies from
Biro-Bidjan to the Supreme State Soviet, is an indication of
the progress made by Jews in their new homeland. Profes-
sor Solomon Michoels, Chairman of the Jewish Anti-Fascist
Committee in U.S.S.R., declared at a reception given him by
the Icor Association, last August, while visiting our country
with Col. Itzik Feffer: "Were it not for the war, Biro-Bidjan