Problem 138. Number of 1s in the Binary Representation of a Number

Return the number of 1s in the (unsigned integer) binary representation of a number. This function should be able to provide vectorized input and return an output with the same dimensions as the input.

@David Verelli: I've just looked into it and finally figured out why it works. According to the main description on the documentation pages, the function 'if Z' (and also 'while Z') proceeds into the conditional block when expression Z is "nonempty and contains only nonzero elements (logical or real numeric)". In other words, it doesn't consider only the first element, it actually considers all elements of Z; and when Z contains a zero, the if-block is exited/ignored. The reason why it works here in the case of test #6, is that the input matrix x = magic(10) is distributed "evenly enough" across the columns, so that every column contains at least one element greater than 63, and hence the row vector max(x) doesn't contain a 0 until the sixth (= last) time that the elements of x are reduced by the "fix(x/2)" step. So it works in this specific case, but to make this solution work generally for every case where x is a matrix, the line must be changed into "if max(x(:)),".