Syracuse, N.Y. – Madison County has the healthiest residents in Central New York while Oswego has the least healthy residents, according to the fourth annual County Health Rankings released today.

The rankings, compiled by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, rank every county in the state based on numerous health measures.

Here is how Central New York counties stack up among the state’s 62 counties: Madison, 10; Onondaga, 34; Cayuga; 35 and Oswego, 40. The lower the number, the better. Livingston County, in the western part of the Finger Lakes region, ranked No. 1. Bronx County ranked last.

The rankings look at premature death, smoking, obesity and many other health measures. They also take into account socioeconomic factors such as poverty and crime, and the availability of doctors and other health care services.

Premature death (years of potential life lost before age 75 per 100,000 population)

Onondaga: 5,945

Oswego: 6,209

Cayuga: 5,968

Madison: 5,250

NY state: 5,650

The data show where you live in Central New York can determine how healthy you are. The percentage of adults who smoke and drink excessively is significantly higher in Oswego than it is in Onondaga. But Onondaga’s violent crime rate is more than double Oswego’s. The rate of residents who die before age 75 is more than 18 percent higher in Oswego than it is in Madison.

Percentage of adults who smoke

Madison: 23 percent

Onondaga: 16 percent

Oswego: 32 percent

Cayuga: 29 percent

NY state: 18 percent

“We want the data to serve as a call to action and show that the health of a community is dependent on more than what happens in the doctor’s office,” said Angela Russell, an associate researcher at the University of Wisconsin.

This year’s rankings contain some new measures, such as how many dentists per person there are in each county.

Onondaga has one dentist for every 1,495 people. That’s higher than the state average and about double the number of dentists in Madison and Oswego.

Number of dentists per person

Onondaga: 1 per 1,495

Madison: 1 per 3,023

Oswego: 1 per 2,825

Cayuga: 1 per 2,553

NY state: 1 per 1,414

The rankings also look at some trends. In Onondaga, the rate of premature death has been declining, while the rates of preventable hospitalizations and children in poverty are increasing.

“We know that communities with higher rates of children in poverty are more likely to have more poor health outcomes,” Russell said.

Dr. Cynthia Morrow, Onondaga County's health commissioner, said the rankings data is useful, but the New York Health Department has even more detailed data about county health indicators on its website.