Tank Development World War II

Zachary Everett Tank Development World War II Zachary Everett Spring 2016 - May 11, 2016 Dr. Vanessa Irvin LIS 601: Introduction to Reference Information Services University of Hawaii at Manoa 1Zachary Everett Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Topic ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Audience ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Citation Style ......................................................................................................................................... 3 General Source ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Search Strategy............................................................................................................................................. 4 Search Terms ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Library of Congress Subject Headings.............................................................................................. 4 Library of Congress Call Numbers.................................................................................................... 4 Dewey Decimal ................................................................................................................................ 5 Boolean Expression.......................................................................................................................... 5 NL Search String............................................................................................................................... 5 Search Process.............................................................................................................................................. 5 OPAC..................................................................................................................................................... 5 UH Voyager ...................................................................................................................................... 5 World Cat......................................................................................................................................... 6 Databases ............................................................................................................................................. 6 EBSCO: Host Academic Search......................................................................................................... 6 JSTOR................................................................................................................................................ 7 Google Scholar................................................................................................................................. 7 Ebrary .............................................................................................................................................. 8 ProQuest .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Project Muse.................................................................................................................................... 8 Ulrich's Web..................................................................................................................................... 9 USA.Gov ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Web Resources................................................................................................................................... 10 Youtube.......................................................................................................................................... 10 Bing ................................................................................................................................................ 10 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................. 11 Bibliography................................................................................................................................................ 12 Appendix I – Annotated Bibliography ...................................................................................................... 15 Main Topic: Tank Development of WWII....................................................................................... 15 Sub Topic 1: Light Tank .................................................................................................................. 16 Sub Topic 2: Heavy Tank ................................................................................................................ 16 Appendix II – Search Terms Relevancy Chart............................................................................................ 17 Result Relevance............................................................................................................................ 17 Search Types .................................................................................................................................. 17 Matrixes ......................................................................................................................................... 18 2Zachary Everett Introduction As one must destructive war in human history, World War II has been remembered as the war that brought swift change to human society. Nowhere was this more felt then in the weapons that were built to bring about the defeat of a nation. The “tank” a vehicle incased in armor and made mobile by tracks fitting for a tractor was a weapon wielded by all nations that had a standing army. WWII did not create the tank, but refined it. From the years of 1939 to 1945 the Axis powers and the Allied powers, sought new ways to better the tank. To the United States (M4 Sherman) to the Soviet (T34) and the German (Tiger). Nothing could have prepared the world for the development race that would revolutionize the tank from a slow obsolete metal casket to a fast armored machine of war. Why this topic? Tanks are a weapon that many see on the battlefield. But what most don’t realize is that what they see today was vastly different in WWII. Tanks had many roles and forms that suited different purposes. Today we only know of one configuration the “Main Battle Tank.” Back then it was the light tank, medium tank, heavy tank, and super heavy. Yet, for this bibliographic project, I’ll address the concern of how the development of these tanks WWII where fielded on the battlefield. Two subtopics will be provided, one the “development of the light tank” and the second the “development of the heavy tank.” This bibliography represents the collection of Hamilton library, located in the “State of Hawaii” at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Development of this bibliography was brought on by the need to expand and education war time scholarly students on the scope of the tank and how its design was advanced. The idea behind the bibliography is that users will have little to no amount of knowledge on the development of certain designs of the tank. Thus, the use of this resource will provide them with an abundance of source materials that will allow for a growth in knowledge of wartime weapons. This bibliography will also serve as a foundation for users to create their own wartime era bibliographies and projects. All information presented is for the educating and expanding of WWII history and events from multiple perspectives. For the bibliography, all my research citations shall be based on the Chicago Manual Style 16 Edition (Chicago) Jarrett, George B. Combat Tanks. New York, Meredith Press. 1969. (Call #:UG446.5 .J34) 3Zachary Everett Search Strategy To located subject headings for the topic, I consulted the volume five, Library of Congress: Subject Headings. All research completed were done through the use of Subject Headings which represents a controlled vocabulary (CV). This vocabulary is used to narrow down subject headings and to make a search process easier to complete. What also should be noted is there are a number of terms used within the Library of Congress: Subject Headings that are designations/codes. These designations allow users to locate more results depending on the subject. The designated are: o (BT) = Broader term o (NT) = Narrower term o (RT) = Related Term o (UF) = Used For Locating the subject terms for the military vehicle “Tank in WWII” depended on what vocabulary is used. Looking at the Library of Congress for Subject headings on tanks. Most of the headings found were large in scope when focusing on the combative aspect of Tanks in WWII. At the same time there were also individual subjects based on the category of individual tank designs and names. The subjects that were used were based on how relevant they were and how much information they provide on WWII tank development. Library of Congress: Subject Headings . TANK WARFARE . TANK (MILITARY WARFARE) . TANK INDUSTRY . TANK TACTICS . TANKS . ANTITANK WARFARE Locating the call numbers for the bibliography involved utilizing the Library of Congress Classification Outline. I looked under the classification “U – Military Science,” to find information on tank development in WWII. • Tank (Military Science) • Cavalry. Armor UG 446.5 UE1-500 • Armored cavalry UE 147 • Tactics. Maneuvers. Drill regulations • Military motor vehicles UE 157-302 UG 615-620 4Zachary Everett • Tank (Vehicles) • World War II, 1939-1945 356.1883 940.53 • tank AND development* • tank AND (world war II AND light tank OR heavy tank) • tank AND light tank* NOT (heavy tank) • tank warfare* AND world war II • (world war II AND heavy tank) • tank OR light tank OR heavy tank • tanks AND WWII • light tank AND world war II AND development • heavy tank AND world war II AND development • tanks in world war II • tank evolution • tank development in WWII • the advancement of WWII tanks • light tank in world war II • world war II heavy tanks Search Process UH Voyager For user wishing to locate books on tanks in World War II. Voyager offers a number of opportunities for searching. Utilizing (CV) TANK and narrowing the years down between 1939- 1945, allowed me to acquire certain subjects on tank regiments and divisions of the German army. Use of subject headings and (CV) TANK INDUSTRY, MILITARY MOTOR VEHICLE, TANK WARFARE, yielded a variety results from just 4 resources to 89 resources. Most of these sources though did not match with Tank development in WWII. This brought about a change in strategy, going back to the (CV) and narrow the search (NT) and locate subject matter that may be related (RT) to the tank developing in WWII. But because the subject headings were so broad in scope, I could not narrow the search with just subjecting headings alone. 5Zachary Everett Thus, I incorporating Boolean and NL string into the search processes. The first strings I looked at was my sub-topics “light tank,” and “heavy tank.” Creating the Boolean revolved around using certain key words that I believed would bring results. Use of Boolean tank warfare* AND world war II, light tank AND world war ii AND development, and (world war ii AND heavy tank) yield some results but, information was sparse on tank differences in WWII. Here the NL string came into use. Focusing on tank evolution, light tanks, and tanks in world war ii yielded results revolving around nations and different tanks they employed. Most nations during WWII had their own history of tank development and classification. WorldCat I decided to use WorldCat to locate any books or magazines on the tank development in World War II. With the search, I was able to utilized WorldCats advance bar. There are many possibilities of narrowing the search including by “year” “audience,” “content,” “format,” and “language.” Boolean operator tank warfare AND world war 2 yielded 2,112 results, I devised the search around keywords. This allowed me to locate some important books on tanks like Armour tactics in the Second World War: Panzer army campaigns of 1939-41 in German war diaries. This resource has diaries from tank crews and how they deployed in the battlefield. While certain Boolean yielded results while others did not. Using a combination of NL strings tanks in world war 2, the advancement of WWII tanks, plus Boolean light tank AND world war II AND development yielded some really good results. Users would find tank sources on specific nations like Russian tanks of World War 2 by (John Milson) and American tanks of World War 2 by (Terry Gander). EBSCO: Host Academic Search Begin with my first search, I looked into Boolean and Subject Headings to get a clear idea of my search results would be like. Using the CV: TANK, TANK INDUSTRY, MILITARY MOTOR VEHICLE, TANK WARFARE, ANTITANK WARFARE, result where mixed. Some CVs gave some publishing materials based on tanks while others focused on different materials like water tanks. Looking at the (CV) results, most were academic articles and periodicals. To narrow the search, the date 1939 – 1945 was added in the “advance search.” The most successful and relevant searches on EBSCO were, tank warfare* AND world war ii which yielded 297 results. I also used (TX): “All Text” to see how the search would perform. Many of the results focused on tank doctrine by national development. I also used Boolean to expand on results. The Boolean that were useful in EBSCO included: tanks AND wwii, tank AND development* and tank OR light tank OR heavy tank. At times, I found that some searches worked with only changing the wording. World War II can also be also being used as WWII. To expand on EBSCO advance search for the subtopics, I used NL string world war II heavy tanks to locate articles on the heavy tank and light tank subjects. One interesting article was that was bforund with these results was 6Zachary Everett The Fearsome, Flawed Tiger I. A good article on the one of the most feared heavy tanks in WWII. With other CV terms like TANK WARFARE and Boolean tank AND development* there were no results. JSTOR With JSTOR, the reason this database was chosen was based on its collections having various disciples of full-text journals. Also from previews experience this database had been utilized for war related materials for projects that I’ve worked on in the pass. There is something that should be noted with the JSTOR database, it does not have a full range of subjects in fact it offers no subjects at all beyond Caption, Abstract, Item Title, Author and Full-Text. This limited me to using CV, NL strings, and Boolean operations to locate materials on WWII tanks. Search strings that I found to be the most effect in getting result were mostly centered on NL Strings and Boolean. To work with the limited search engine provided, I decided to use FT: FULL TEXT and added a simple NL string light tank in world war ii to the search bar. This gave me some results, one of which was an article called Eclipse of the Tank. Now with the use of CV there were limited. What result were given by JSTOR were either the same articles from preview’s searchers or topics on tankers or tanks from different time periods. Attempted searches by narrowing the time period between 1939 and1945 yield no results. Using Boolean and narrowing tank AND (world war ii AND light tank OR heavy tank) and tank warfare* AND world war ii gave me a few articles to work with. Google Scholar As one of websites that features a number of scholarly journals, articles, and links to books and other resources. This site was chosen for its massive collection. With the search process, I decided to narrow the search by using only Boolean and NL strings. Using a number of strings like light tank warfare, tank evolution, world war II heavy tanks, the advancement of wwii tanks. Helped me locate a book on The British Army and the Theory of Armored Warfare by (Robert H. Larson). Also in the search I learned that a number of these NL string had to be changed to match with the era of WWII. One way to narrow to search was to contain the search between 1939 and 1945. With the Boolean, I focused the vocabulary on just the “Tank” and “world war ii” once more to get better results. I tried using a variety of Boolean like tank warfare* AND world war ii, and tank AND (world war ii AND light tank OR heavy tank), but success was limited as there not that many subjects on tank development. Yet, I did find one that was important called History of the Development and Production of the M48 90mm Gun Tank," by (Rolf Hilmes). Looking through the search the process and using (BT) and (NT) with certain words like (development, light tank, and world war ii) helped with search process more than others. The use of one CV, TANK WARFARE and narrowing the years to WWII also proved beneficial in locating some topics on tanks in WWII. 7Zachary Everett Ebrary This database offers scholarly e-books that can be accessed for free by academic students and researchers. Unlike JSTOR, Ebrary offers a large number of subjects for searching. Using Ebrary simple and one of the reason why chose it, user can do a search and whenever they have they can narrow the subject down, they can use a number of drop boxes that appear below search bar and above the results. Certain results give users access to books, these books can be read from start to finish. Utilizing the search bar, I found that with my most complex Booleans yielded no results. Evaluating my search strategy, the use of CV yielded the best results with TANK WARFARE. Some interesting results included the book Colonel in the Armored Divisions: A Memoir, 1941- 1945, and Tank Driver. Proquest With ProQuest, the database provides researchers with the means to search across 30 different types of additional databases. Available to users are newspapers, articles, scholarly journals, datasets, history papers, and e-books. Utilizing ProQuest advance search is easy. Searches can be carried out using the extensive “options,” that include source type, document type, language, peer review, and full text. For users wishing to use ProQuest, some of the best search strings involved Boolean. Using FT, FT: tank AND (world war ii AND light tank OR heavy tank), and using a “wide search” by selecting “select all” on the “document type” will help yield a large number of books and articles on tank development. Example would be The M4 Sherman Tank and American Armored Development during World War II by (Phillip D. Clark) and Armor during WWII: The Defeat of the Superior Panther by (John Michael Muller). The same search was process with tanks AND wwii also yielded similar results. NL strings like FT: light tank in world war II also yielded results. I would advise not to use CV as there were no results listed from such searches. Project Muse The database Project Muse, offers only scholarly journals published by universities. One of the reason this site was utilized in the bibliography was my desire to see if I could find new materials. It should be noted that Project Muse does offer advance search, but not as developed as other sites. Users are able use content, the title, author, and publisher. Adding advance search allows a user to utilize more research areas and categories. Having used Project Muse before, I found the site to have a large amount if reviews on books, and articles. For users wanting to use Project Muse in locating resources on tank development, I would advise that Boolean operators do not work in Project Muse. Rather the most effective search strategy would be to use CV, TANK WARFARE, TANK (MILITARY SERVICE) and TANK TACTICS. That, and NL strings like world war ii heavy tanks and light tank in world war ii, are effective in finding resources for tanks in WWII. Some of best resources I found 8Zachary Everett where “On Armor (review)” by (John Daley) and “Sledgehammers: Strengths and Flaws of Tiger Tank Batallions in World War II (review), “by (Timothy Moy). Most of the source I found contained reviews of certain books or articles relating to the tank in WWII. Choosing reviews was based on my idea that users would want to have a quick overview of their resource. Since Project Muse is based on providing reviews with articles, journals, and books. I thought that using such materials would make it easier for users to choose what they want. Reviews, as I’ve found,out have been important in helping me decide what book or article should be used for research. Ulrich's Web The database Ulrich's Web was new to me thus I decided to give it a test in looking for materials on Tanks in World War II. Containing over 300,000 periodicals, the site offers users a wide range of materials. The can include, newspapers, articles, e-journals, newsletters, magazines and scholarly journals. With the search bar, Ulrich's Web offers a diverse number of subjects like “circulation type,” “publisher city,” “online provider,” “start year,” “frequency” and more. Searches can also be narrowed down by using “statues,” “serial type,” “content type,” and “Language.” Using this database, I was surprised to find little on the development of tanks in WWII. Attempted search with the CV like TANK TACTICS, TANK WARFARE, and TANK INDUSTRY yielded no resources beyond modern sources on today armored Tanks. Attempts in using Boolean tank warfare* AND world war II with truncation only yielded limited results. The same can be said of the NL strings light tank in World war II and world war II heavy tanks which were used in the pass to locate subtopics. Use of (K) keyword searches, (CT) content type, and (KF) key feature did not change the results. Thus, I had to limit my hope in finding any good materials on tank development in Ulrich's Web. USA.Gov The USA.Gov focuses only on the information pertaining to the Unites States Government. I have found when using this site that information pertaining to WWII can be accessed because of United States involvement in the war. When doing a search all my result came as links to different websites like archives.gov and abmc.gov. Unfortunately, with the search bar offered by USA.Gov there are no terms/subjects, rather only the link “Only USA.Gov” is offered. Another problem I ran into is the number of results, USA.Gov does not offer results like other sites, and thus, I limit my searches at times because I could not find how many result there where. The CV terms that were most effective were TANK WARFARE and TANKS. Now when using the CV only 1 or 3 results were yielded, this happened because limiting the search to USA.Gov only. With NL string, I focused them on the subtopics of light and heavy tanks. Not limiting the search to USA.Gov but “All Government sites” I was given more results. Some of the results from the NL string, light tanks in wwii and heavy tanks in wwii were really good, one of which contained a PDF on tank developmental in the United States. Use of Boolean operator tank OR light tank OR heavy tank and tanks AND wwii also proved affective, but since I added the search 9Zachary Everett under only USA.Gov, results were 1 of each. For results they each linked to web page of USA.Gov called “U.S. History and Historical Documents | USA.gov.” This was a history webpage, when scrolling down there is military history link that cover all military hardware including tanks. YouTube The reason YouTube was chosen as a web resource was based on popularity and the number free video and documentaries that it offers. With my search in YouTube, the first area’s covered were the CV, TANK WARFARE, and, TANK (MILITARY SCIENCE), ARMORED CAVALRY.