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Cervical Polyps

Topic Overview

What are cervical polyps?

Cervical
polyps are smooth, red, finger-shaped growths in the cervix, the passage between the uterus and the vagina.

What causes cervical polyps?

The cause of cervical
polyps is not entirely understood. They may result from infection. They can
also result from long-term (chronic) inflammation, an abnormal response to an
increase in
estrogen levels, or congestion of blood vessels in the
cervical canal.

What are the symptoms?

The most common symptom a
woman will notice is abnormal vaginal bleeding that occurs:

Between menstrual periods.

After
menopause.

After sexual intercourse.

After
douching.

Cervical polyps may be inflamed and rarely can become
infected, causing vaginal discharge of yellow or white mucus. Polyps often
occur without symptoms.

How are they treated?

The most common treatment is
removal of the polyp during a
pelvic exam. This can be done simply by gently
twisting the polyp, tying it tightly at the base, or removing it with special
forceps. A solution is applied to the base of the polyp to stop any
bleeding.

Polyps do not need to be removed unless they bleed, are
very large, or have an unusual appearance.

Should cervical polyps be tested?

Almost all
cervical polyps are noncancerous (benign). Your doctor may decide to send the polyp to the lab to have it tested, but testing is not always needed.

Who is affected by cervical polyps?

Cervical
polyps most often occur in women older than 20 who have had several
pregnancies. Most cervical polyps are first discovered during a pelvic
exam. Usually only a single polyp develops, though sometimes two or three are
found during an exam.

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