Defence of India Act, (1915), legislation designed to give the government of British India special powers to deal with revolutionary and German-inspired threats during World War I (1914–18), especially in the Punjab. A special legal tribunal was set up to deal with such cases without prior commitment and with no appeal. Power was also taken for the internment of suspects.

By 1918 there were about 800 internees detained under this and other provisions. The act, being a wartime measure, was due to expire six months after the end of hostilities. The extension of its provisions in the Rowlatt Acts of February 1919 started the agitation that led to the noncooperation movement of Mahatma Gandhi in 1920–22.

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state of India, located in the northwestern part of the subcontinent. It is bounded by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the northeast, Haryana to the south and southeast, and Rajasthan to the southwest and by the country of Pakistan to the west. Punjab in its...

(February 1919), legislation passed by the Imperial Legislative Council, the legislature of British India. The acts allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries and permitted internment of suspects without trial. Their object was to replace the repressive provisions of the wartime...

unsuccessful attempt in 1920–22, organized by Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi, to induce the British government of India to grant self-government, or swaraj, to India. It was one of Gandhi’s first organized acts of large-scale civil disobedience (satyagraha).