-there are few fungal diseases that affect people(athletes foot)-fungal diseases are most common in plants and can be devastating

the skin as a defence line your body has against the entry of pathogens

in plants what are the most common pathogens?

viruses and fungi

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What is health?

A state of physical and mental well-being

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gonorrhoea(bacterial disease)

-sexually tansmitted disease(STD)symptoms include discharge from the penis and vagina and the pain on urination-treatment involves antibiotics, although many strains are now resistant -use of condoms prevents spread

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Joseph Lister started use antiseptic chemicals to destroy pathogens before they caused infection in operating theatres

Joseph Lister started use antiseptic chemicals to destroy pathogens before they caused infection in operating theatres

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What are communicable diseases caused by?

Microorganisms called pathogens which include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protests

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diseases caused by protists

-they are relatively rare pathogens but the diseases they cause are often serious and damagin to those infected-isually involve a vector

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bacterial disease in plants

-there are relatively few bacterial diseases of plants-agrobacterium tumefaciens causes crown galls-a mass of unspecialised cells that often grow at the joint between the root and the shoot in infected plants

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different types of diseases may and often do interact(one problem can make another worse)

different types of diseases may and often do interact(one problem can make another worse)

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the stomach as a defence line your body has against the entry of pathogens

-the stomach produces acid and this destroys the microorganisms in the mucus you swallow and you take in through your mouth

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the nose as a defence line your body has against the entry of pathogens

-your nose hairs and mucus trap particles in the air that may contain pathogens or irritate your lungs

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hiv/aids(viral disease)

-initially causes flu-like illness-virus then attacks the body’s immune cells-body’s immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers-spread by sexual contact or by the exchange of body fluids(blood)

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tobacco mosaic virus(viral disease)

-spread by contact and vectors-damages leaves and reduces photosynthesis -no treatment-spread is prevented by field hygiene and pest control

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salmonella food poisoning(bacterial disease)

-spread through food and poor hygiene -symptoms include fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea and vomiting caused by the toxins produced by the bacteria

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malaria(protist disease)

-caused by parasitic protists-spread by the bite of female mosquitoes -damages blood and liver cells-causes fevers and shaking, and can be fatal-some drugs are effective if given early but protists are becoming resistant-spread is reduced by preventing vectors from breeding and using mosquito nets to prevent people from being bitten

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What factors can affect health?

-Diet-Stress-Life situations(Gender, ethnic group, where you live)

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rose black spot(fungal disease)

-spread in the environment by wind and water-damages leaves so they drop off, affecting growth so photosynthesis is reduced-spread is controlled by removing affected leaves and chemical sprays(not very effective)

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how can you help prevent the spread of communicable diseases?

-Simple hygiene measures(hand washing, disinfectants on kitchen work surfaces)-isolation of infected individuals-destroying or controlling vectors(mosquitoes for malaria)-vaccination( so immune system is prepared if u become ill)

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measles(viral disease)

-spread by droplet infection-causes fever and rash-can be fatal-no cure-isolation of patients and vaccination prevents spread