Diving the Dead Sea

Diving the Dead Sea

This article was completely rewritten. More information and schema were added for a better understanding. The first version was published in June 2012. Here’s the newly completed Dead Sea diving experience and facts photo-article.

The Dead Sea Diving Experience

After having dived in plenty of spots around the world, I am always on the lookout for unusual destinations with unusual dives. It goes without saying that diving in the Dead Sea is not commonly found on the list of classic dives, and that’s what attracted me to it. The inland sea is 426.5 meters below sea level. It is the deepest place on Earth.

Salinity reaches 35 percent! Not an easy thing to overcome in order to get down to depth. You need 40 to 50kgs (88 to 110lbs) of lead, according to your body size. These are divided into weights blocks attached around the waist and the front of the body, as well as on the straps of the BCD. The water of the Dead Sea is rather oily. Drops on gear and suits do not dry easily. You need to really have a good rinse and dry after a dive. Water drops not rinsed away may remain for several weeks. The visibility underwater is often not conducive to diving, although some days are brighter than others.

Full-facial masks ready for the dive in the Dead Sea

Diving in the Dead Sea must be done with a face mask to protect the eyes, face and mouth from unfavorable waters. We organized a first dive with a face mask in a pool a few days before the date of the dive. When that day came, my dive buddy and I met the instructors. We were equipped with our 5mm wetsuits. After a short briefing and a refresher drill in the use of masks, we climbed down the few salt encrusted rocks that still separated us from the sea.

We put on our heavy weight belts, BCDs with complements of lead around the waist and even added weight in our pockets, which felt really full and very heavy on the front of the body. It was not too comfortable. We placed our impressive face masks on. It was important to remember not to get even one little drop of Dead Sea water in the eye, because it is very distressing, which I found out later. We got in for a first dive to get used to the challenging waters of the Dead Sea.

Tanks with complementary weights to help getting down in the Dead Sea

It was not easy to descend, despite all the weight. It was also not easy to fin around in these dense waters. We were rapidly reaching eight meters deep. Being an avid photographer, I sized up the best angle on a tall pillar of salt for later, when I would come back with my camera. It was just my luck, then, that a drop of salty water seeped into my mask and into my left eye. This was not a pleasant experience. I couldn’t open my eye, and I couldn’t do anything underwater to repair the situation. So, I signaled to the instructor, and we went back to the surface. After rinsing my eye with fresh water, I felt much better, and we returned to the water to finish this first dive. Here, there are no corals as I am used to seeing in the Red Sea or in other warm seas. There’s no life, just field after field of white salt, the color of bleached coral. Sometimes a salt cathedral would break up the relief. Sometimes walls of a canyon or a cave appeared. But certainly, it was an other-worldly underwater landscape and a unique experience.

Diver and salt head in the Dead Sea

After a dive or two in this unusual environment, you may feel you’ve pretty much seen it all. Avi Bresler, owner of Dead Sea Divers would disagree. “These ancient waters are almost mystical,” he says. “I can’t imagine going even one week without a dive in the Dead Sea.”

The good news is there are many interesting tourist attractions and dive options in the region. The historical and fascinating Masada is very close to the Dead Sea. The ancient holy city of Jerusalem is quite close too. A few hours’ drive to the south and you can enjoy the rich and rewarding diving sites in Eilat, Israel and Aqaba, Jordan on the Red Sea. Petra, Jordan, the UNESCO World Heritage Site historical and archeological treasure is not far from the Dead Sea on the Jordanian side. Fabulous desert canyons and marvelous vistas are yours to enjoy. An hour to the north and the Mediterranean Sea opens up her treasure chest to you.

I make this area my home, and seek opportunities to return to the Dead Sea. The dive is extreme and interesting, a truly special dive.

Dead Sea Facts

The Dead Sea is an internal Sea of 60 Km length and 18 Km width, located between Israel, the Palestinian Authority and Jordan. It’s divided in two parts, the “North Sea,” and the “South Sea,” called “Pools.”

Dead Sea is the second saltiest place in the world: 33.5% versus ocean 3.5% – Lake Assal in the Djibouti crater is the saltiest with up to 40% salt density.

Dead Sea water density 1.3 kg/liter

The Dead Sea is located at the lowest point on the earth below the sea level, today (2013) -426.5 meters while in 1948 the Dead Sea level was -396 meters. It’s not the only time in its history that the Dead Sea is at such a low level. In 1000 BC, the sea level reached almost the same level as today. The northern part of the sea depth reaches 350 meters.

Note:

The low level of the sea is due to evaporation of the water. When there is hard rain, water is diverted for domestic and residential, industrial, or agricultural use in this drought-stricken part of the world. Once there were many sources below the Dead Sea whichroug “fed” the sea with fresh water. Most of those sources are used today for local populations, cultures and industry. This explains the fast evaporation. In the Northern Sea, there are still some fresh water sources coming out from the sea’s underground. This can be seen in the following clip filmed by scientists at Ben Gurion University, at the second minute, when you can see water coming out of the ground:

Because this is one of the hottest places in the world, there may be 4oC water temperature variation in just a few hours in the shallower depths. Water temperature is around 18oC in January and varies between 28 and 35oC in August.

Dead Sea Dive organization

The facts related here must be taken in consideration while organizing the dive.

Because of the high density of the salt in the water, it’s important to dive with a full-face mask to make sure neither the regulator, nor the (standard) mask are lost or get filled-up with water. If, while diving, you get a drop in the eye, it can be so painful and persistent; you must get back to the surface to rinse it with fresh water.

A lot of lead is needed to get down in these dense waters. Typically between 45 and 50 kgs are spread all around the diver’s body and tank. This makes all your movements very “lazy”, heavy and much harder to accomplish.

Because of the wide temperature variation during the day, dives in the summer must be organized very early in the morning to avoid being in the water while the temperature is 4oC higher, which will make respiration more difficult.

It is imperative to drink sufficient fresh water before and after the dive. The combination of heat and sea salt are extremely drying, and it’s easy to dehydrate.

Water color is greenish and loaded with salt particles. Sometimes visibility can be up to 10 meters, other times; however, it may be no more than 1 meter.

Salt blocs are very sharp. You often get out of the water with some scratches and cuts.

Decompression:

When you are at the Dead Sea level, it’s as if you’re 3 meters below the ocean water surface. The depth gauge gives a precise depth with only a slight error you can easily correct. Each meter of water is 1.3 atmospheres. At 10 meters below the surface, you will see 13 (pressure at 10m) + 3 (pressure at sea level) =16 meters. Dive computers must to be configured to -3 meters before the dive.

Depending on the dive depth and time, you must take up to 4 hours break before taking the car to climb up to high altitudes.

Dead Sea Divers is the only company which organizes dives in the Dead Sea. They have almost 15 years’ experience diving there. They instruct you, they provide the necessary equipment and they guide you all along the dive.

Dive sites

The most popular dive site and the easiest to reach is the one located close to the hotels center in the southern part of the sea, the “Pools.”

At some places in the North Sea, it’s possible to see the springs. An interesting body balance differential occurs when diving there and you sink much faster, as the water density changes because of the fresh water entering the salty Sea.

Some caves have been discovered but they are relatively deep. They can be accessed only with the help of a boat, which makes the operation more complicated.

Conclusion

Dead Sea diving is physically not easy and it demands some preparations, like learning to use the full-face mask in a pool. It’s quite expensive, and must be considered as a project. However, it’s a very challenging, extreme and unforgettable diving experience.