Actually, if China doesn’t build infrastructure in these countries, no other countries will.

In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed the concepts of “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “21st-Century Maritime Silk Road” . These two terms are now referred to as the “Belt and Road” Initiative.

With the theme of Belt and Road construction, China Focus is set to launch a series of high-profile overseas interviews. Today we have an exclusive interview with the Director of the East Asian Institute at National University of Singapore, Mr Zheng Yongnian.

Interviewee: Zheng Yongnian, Director of the East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore

Interviewer: Xue Li, Senior Fellow of the Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Date: July 4, 2018

Place: The East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore

English Translation: China Focus

China Focus: It is difficult to make profits off of infrastructure in short term, so why is China pushing this kind of construction?

Zheng Yongnian: Infrastructure is China’s strong point. It is less profitable and has a long investment cycle. Although both China and the United States are developing the real economy, Wall Street values financial capital and Internet capital more. The West is less interested in real economies such as infrastructure, which leaves room for the development of other countries, even though Western countries still criticize China’s behavior as “neocolonialist.” Actually, if China doesn’t build infrastructure in these countries, no other countries will.

Technicians check trains at a Turkish firm in Ankara, which is in partnership with China Railroad Rolling Stock Corp. (Photo/Xinhua)

China Focus: Is the BRI largely economically driven? Some people think there are political drivers. What do you think?

Zheng Yongnian: I don’t think there is a big political reason. If there is a political reason, China should not adopt these practices. In reality, even if there is no political reason, other countries will regard it as political. Large-scale infrastructure construction, although an economic project, will also bring political results, as in the Myitsone Hydropower station in Myanmar. Once seen as a political project, large-scale infrastructure construction will be viewed as ideological, and other countries will seek more economic benefits.

China Focus: What are the biggest advantages and disadvantages of the BRI?

Zheng Yongnian: The biggest advantage is development. Particularly after the 2008 financial crisis, the global economy lacked the driving force for development. The West was busy enough with its own affairs. Since the 1980s, the West has been a driving force for the development of the world economy and China has joined in. But once there is a problem in the West, there will be no motivation. The BRI provides new opportunities, and infrastructure is important for economic development in any country. The biggest shortcoming is that for the people, large-scale infrastructure needs to be integrated with the livelihood economy.

China Focus: What is the current implementation of the BRI in Singapore?

Zheng Yongnian: Due to the small size of the country, Singapore does not need infrastructure construction very much; the main focus is on finance. Singapore can serve as a financial center, it can provide a bridge for China to go global and connect “One Belt” with “One Road.” Another area may be where cooperation between the two sides is developed in third countries, which is still in the discussion stage.

China Focus: After the launch of the BRI, what changes has China made in foreign policy?

Zheng Yongnian: China’s foreign policy is centered on the BRI, which is both an advantage and a disadvantage. Although it helps to better promote the initiative, it causes other countries to have doubts. They see that everything is about the Belt and Road and think that it may be the Chinese-style of new expansionism.

China Focus: What needs to be improved in China’s existing practices?

Zheng Yongnian: Infrastructure construction is necessary. Other countries must have corresponding infrastructure to develop their economies. Wall Street capital and international institutions are not interested in this aspect, so only China can do it.

The BRI aims to build a trade and infrastructure network connecting Asia with Europe and Africa along the ancient trade routes of the Silk Road.

However, China also needs to change its approach. For example, the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road should be the interconnection of ports, aviation, and the like, which are better than inland railway construction.

At present, the scale of the project is too large, and it should be reduced to a smaller size and broken up into parts. If the scale of the project is too large, it will cause political resistance. After reducing the project to a smaller size, private enterprises and other countries’ capital can participate and reduce their own risks.

The Belt and Road infrastructure construction should be combined with the livelihood economy, China should consider how the BRI will drive other local economic activities and benefit more people.