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#13 Vesna is studying how Earth’s tilt results in seasonal differences in sunlight and day length. She drew a diagram of Earth to show how it is tilted on its axis. Vesna wants to include the label of Earth’s tilt on her diagram. What angle should Vesna add? A.15.5 degreesC.30 degrees B.23.5 degreesD.45 degrees B degrees

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#20 Taylor and Jose pulled their boat up onto the beach and went on a hike. When they returned, the beach was covered by water and the boat was floating offshore. What is the most likely explanation? A.The low tide receded and pulled the boat out to sea. B.The spring tide came early. C.The gravitational pull of the sun and moon decreased the tidal range. D.The water level rose due to the high tide.

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#3 A satellite is an object that revolves around a larger object. Many satellites are orbiting Earth. Which of the following is an important factor in keeping a communications satellite in orbit around Earth? A.gravity B.heat C.light D.magnetism A. Gravity

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#12 Jackie drew the diagram below to show how Earth moves around the sun. Which movement of Earth is Jackie demonstrating? A.RevolutionC.spin B.rotationD.tilt A. Revolution

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#1 The cycle of the moon’s phases repeats in a predictable way. About how long does it take to cycle from one new moon to the next new moon? A.about one day B.about one week C.about one month D.about one year C. About one month

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#11 Miranda is studying the planet Neptune. Miranda wants to know how long a year is on Neptune. Which question should Miranda ask to find out the length of Neptune’s year? A.How large is Neptune? B.How much is Neptune’s axis of rotation tilted? C.How long does it take Neptune to orbit the sun? D.How long does it take Neptune to rotate on its axis? C. How long does it take Neptune to orbit the sun?

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#14 The diagram below shows the position of Earth at four different times during the year. Which two positions represent an equinox? A.position A and position B B.position C and position D C.position B and position D D.position A and position C D. Position A and position C

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#15 Oksana observed the appearance of the moon every week for a month. She sketches her observations. Which of these diagrams best shows how the moon’s appearance could have changed during the month Oksana performed her investigation?

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#25 A region on Earth’s surface always has the highest temperatures in June and the lowest temperatures in December. Which of these statements explains why the temperatures are LOWEST in December? A.This region is tilted the most toward the sun in December. B.This region is tilted the farthest away from the sun in December. C.This region is the farthest distance from the sun in December. D.This region is the nearest distance from the sun in December. B. This region is tilted the farthest away from the sun in December

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#9 During which two phases of the moon do neap tides take place? A.new moon, full moon B.new moon, first quarter moon C.third quarter moon, full moon D.first quarter moon, third quarter moon

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#16 Astronomers use cameras on Earth and in orbit to observe the solar system and other objects in space. Suppose that a camera on Earth takes a picture of a large, dark, round object in the sky. Which event is most likely taking place? A.a lunar eclipse B.a solar eclipse C.a first quarter moon D.a third quarter moon A. A lunar eclipse

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#21 The moon revolves around Earth. The moon travels at a speed of about 1 km/s. Which of the following keeps the moon in orbit around Earth? A.gravity B.magnetism C.ocean tides D.the sun’s heat and light A. Gravity.

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#17 The diagram below shows the relative positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun. The moon is shown at four possible positions around Earth. Which position of the moon could result in a solar eclipse? A.1C.3 B.2D.4 B. 2

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#22 Luis created a clay model of Earth and the sun. To show how Earth rotates, Luis wants to use a toothpick to represent Earth’s axis of rotation. Where should Luis place the toothpick? A.horizontally through Earth in the direction Earth is traveling B.vertically through the center of Earth, slightly to the side of each pole C.horizontally through Earth from one side of the equator to the other side D.diagonally across Earth, halfway between the equator and the two poles B. vertically through the center of Earth, slightly to the side of each pole.

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#18 The figure below illustrates ocean water levels in a location on the Florida coast. What is the tidal range in this location? A.–1 m B. 0 m C.+1 m D. 2 m

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#8 W hat is tidal range? A.the periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans due to the gravity of the moon and sun B.a tide of minimum range that takes place two times a month C.the difference in levels of ocean water at high tide and at low tide D.a rise in ocean water levels that takes place on the side of Earth nearest the moon C. the difference in levels of ocean water at high tide and at low tide

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#24 Astronomers use cameras on Earth and in orbit to observe the solar system and other objects in space. Suppose that a camera on Earth takes a picture of an astronomical event. The picture shows an object that is large, dark, and has a bright area immediately around it. Which event does this picture most likely show? A.total solar eclipse B.total lunar eclipse C.waning gibbous moon D.waxing crescent moon A. total solar eclipse

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#19 The graph below shows tides in Boston Harbor. Which statement best explains the shift in times of high and low tides each day? A.The moon rises and sets later each day. B.The sun rises and sets later each day. C.The moon rises and sets earlier each day. D.The sun rises and sets earlier each day. A. The moon rises and sets later each day.

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#6 How often does the moon pass over a particular spot on Earth’s surface, causing tides as a result of its gravitational pull? A.once every 10 seconds B.once every 12 hours and 25 minutes C.once every 24 hours and 50 minutes D.once every 14 days B. Once every 12 hours and 25 minutes

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#4 The phases of the moon are the changing appearances of the moon, as seen from Earth. Which phase happens immediately after a third quarter moon? A.new moon B.waxing gibbous C.waning gibbous D.waning crescent C. Waning Gibbous

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#5 Bonita observes the moon several times during the month of August. She sketches the appearance of the moon on four days— August 1, August 9, August 17, and August 24—and identifies each lunar phase. Bonita’s data is shown in the table below. On which date should Bonita expect the next new moon to take place? A.August 31 B.September 7 C.September 12 D.September 22

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#23 Which of the following is a common characteristic of winter compared to summer? Anoon sun lower in the sky B.higher daytime temperatures C.more daily hours of sunlight D.longer days and shorter nights A. Noon sun lower in the sky.