32.1 Assess the impact of Cubism on abstract art in the early twentieth century and explore how and why Abstract Expressionism transformed painting after 1940.32.2 Examine the different ways that artists in the Modern period responded directly or indirectly to the violence of war.32.3 Determine the political and economic impact of the Great Depression on interwar European and American art.32.4 Investigate how Dada and Surrealism changed the form, content, and concept of art.

THINK ABOUT IT 32.1 Discuss the goals and interests of the painters associated with Abstract Expressionism. Characterize the role played by Surrealism and other early twentieth-century avant-garde art movements in the formation of this new direction in Modern art. 32.2 Explain the impact of the two World Wars on the visual arts in Europe and North America. Use two works—one European and one American—as the focus of your discussion. 32.3 Summarize the events of the Great Depression and discuss its impact on American art. 32.4 Explain how both Dada and Surrealism changed the form, content, and concept of art. Which two works of art discussed in the chapter would you choose to represent these two movements? Why?

CROSSCURRENTS

Figs. 30-44 and 32-64 Throughout the history of art, artists have created eloquent and moving expressions of the horrific violence of war and political oppression. Discuss the political circumstances that led to the creation of these two examples, and assess how they relate to the styles of these two artists and their time. Who was the audience for these works?

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