Midterm CHPT 3LEC 2.docx

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School

University of Toronto Scarborough

Department

Anthropology

Course

ANTA01H3

Professor

Deewar

Semester

Fall

Description

Midterm Exam Review:
Chapter 3, Lecture 02 Continued
Genetics
Gregor Mendal (1822-1884)
 breeding experiment with pea plants, traits in offspring are not solely passed by
either parent , each trait individual posses two genes one from each parent
 defn ( allele. Homo, hetero, dominant, recessive)
1. Principle of segregation (Mendels first principle of inheritance) Genes
(alleles) occur in pairs. During gamete production, the members of each
gene pair separate, so that each gamete contains one member of each pair.
During fertilization, the full number of chromosomes is restored, and
members of gene or allele pairs are reunited. Relates to meiosis

2. Principle of independent assortment: The distribution of one pair of alleles
into gametes does not influence the distribution of another pair. The genes
controlling different traits are inherited independently of one another
3. Mendelian traits: Characteristics that are influenced by alleles at only one
genetic locus. Examples include many blood types, such as ABO. Many
genetic disorders, including sickle-cell anemia and Tay-Sachs disease, are
also Mendelian traits, one locus
Independent Assortment
 During reproduction each individual create a gamete (egg/sperm) which consist
of hall of your genes (meiosis)
 can’t predict dominant genes dnt have any dominance ; 50/50
 ex. of simple traits, eye color, tongue curling, thumb dominance, Darwin
tubercle, ear wax color
 genotype; all the genes in an individual
 phenotype; expression of genetic dominance + physical changes caused by
events
 defn (genome, co-dominance, gene complexes, genotype, phenotype)
DNA and Genes
 double helix, genetic code made up of 4 bases, group of three bases gives a
codon