Apparently, judging by this behavior in a cat, they can feel guilty and know that that particular action is not favoured by its owner. So, my conclusion is, that they(cats) can be trained like dogs too. The question is, how?

I've taught both my cats tricks. One lays down and rolls over.
The other just comes when called and gives head bops on command.
you can't teach all cats and it's ******* difficult but some do take well to it.