R1b Group 02
86178;
John Searle, b 1800, Cornwall, England
SMGF02;
John Searle, England
These two test are exact on comparable markers.

R1b Group 03
18336;
John Searle - 1630's Springfield, Massachusetts
SMGF03;
John Searle, 1600's Massachusetts
N96112;
Sterling Pomeroy Searles, b 1807, East Berkshire,
A00001;
R G Searle
All three men appear to share a common ancestor, though each have 2 mismatches with each other.

Y-DNA haplogroup I is a European haplogroup, representing nearly one-fifth of the population. It is almost non-existent outside of Europe, suggesting that it arose in Europe. Estimates of the age of haplogroup I suggest that it arose prior to the last Glacial Maximum.

The two main subgroups of haplogroup I likely divided approximately 28,000 years ago:

* I1-M253 et al has highest frequency in Scandinavia, Iceland, and northwest Europe. In Britain, haplogroup I1-M253 et al is often used as a marker for "invaders," Viking or Anglo-Saxon.

Haplogroup I-M253 (M253, M307, P30, P40) displays a very clear frequency gradient, with a peak frequency of approximately 35% among the populations of southern Norway, southwestern Sweden, and Denmark, and rapidly decreasing frequencies toward the edges of the historically Germanic-influenced world. A notable exception is Finland, where frequency in West Finns is up to 40%, and in certain provinces like Satakunta more than 50%.

Outside Fennoscandia, distribution of Haplogroup I-M253 is closely correlated with that of Haplogroup I-M436; but among Scandinavians (including both Germanic and Uralic peoples of the region) nearly all the Haplogroup I Y-chromosomes are I-M253. Another characteristic of the Scandinavian I-M253 Y-chromosomes is their rather low haplotype diversity (STR diversity): a greater variety of Haplogroup I-M253 Y-chromosomes has been found among the French and Italians, despite the much lower overall frequency of Haplogroup I-M253 among the modern French and Italian populations.

* I2-M438 et al includes I2* which shows some membership from Armenia, Georgia and Turkey;
I2a-P37.2, which is the most common form in the Balkans and Sardinia;
I2a2-M26 is especially prevalent in Sardinia.
I2b-M436 et al reaches its highest frequency along the northwest coast of continental Europe.
I2b1-M223 et al occurs in Britain and northwest continental Europe.
I2b1a-M284 occurs almost exclusively in Britain, so it apparently originated there and has probably been present for thousands of years.

Y-DNA haplogroup R is believed to have arisen approximately 27,000 years ago in Asia. The two currently defined subclades are R1 and R2.

* Haplogroup R1 is estimated to have arisen during the height of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), about 18,500 years ago, most likely in southwestern Asia. The two most common descendant clades of haplogroup R1 are R1a and R1b.
R1a is believed to have arisen on the Eurasian Steppe, and today is most frequently observed in eastern Europe and in western and central Asia.R1b is believed to have arisen in southwest Asia and today is most frequently observed in Europe and especially in western Europe, which it entered after the LGM largely in the form of R1b1b2. The Atlantic Modal Haplotype, or AMH, is the most common STR haplotype in haplogroup R1b1b2a.
* R2 is most often observed in Asia, especially on the Indian sub-continent and in central Asia.

R1b-M269 (R1b1b2) is defined by the presence of SNP marker M269.
In articles published around 2000 it was proposed that this clade came into existence in Europe before the last Ice Age, but more recently this scenario is no longer receiving much mainstream attention. A much newer estimate for R1b1b2 arising is around 5,000 to 8,000 years ago. It also appears increasingly to be the case that Western European R1b is dominated by R-P310, also known as R-L11. It is this Western European branch which is in turn dominated by U106 and P312, and the typical most common STR Y DNA signature for Western Europe, the so-called Atlantic Modal Haplotype.

R1b-U106 (R1b1b2a1a1 - ISOGG)
This subclade of M269 is defined by the presence of the marker U106. It appears to represent over 25% of R1b in Europe.
In Europe, the subclade (including its own subclades) has a distribution running north west to east and is found in higher concentrations in England (21.4%) and Scandinavia (Denmark 17.7%), reaches a maximum in the Netherlands (37.2%) and slopes down to the east through Germany (20.5%) and the Alps (Switzerland 13.3%, Austria 22.7%) towards the Czech Republic (13.9%) and Ukraine (9.4%). Towards North-Eastern Europe the concentration goes down to 8.2% in Poland and 7.2% in Russia. The subclade appears to be omnipresent in Europe, although it becomes less pronounced in Ireland (5.9%) and France (7.1%) and, further towards the Mediterranean, low values are measured in, Italy (3.5%), and Turkey (0.4%). The frequency of this subclade remains unknown in certain parts of Europe such as Iberia and the Balkans.

The age of U106* is around 4,200 years ago by one extimate. Given the coincidence of date and distribution, U106 origins and spread may possibly be related to the spread of Bell Beaker culture and its successors in the north of Europe.
This subclade include the "Frisian modal haplotype, sonamed because its highest concentration is found along the North Sea Coast of Belgium, Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. The region known historically as Frisia.

R1b-L48 (R1b1b2a1a1d - ISOGG)
This subclade of U106 is defined by the presence of the marker L48/S162 and is also known as R1b1b2a1a4 (by Family Tree DNA - FTDNA). It is the largest subclade of R1b1b2a1a1. As of January 23, 2010, based on FTDNA tests of samples from 455 people, L48 was detected in 267, or 58.0% of those tested. Based on May 2009 results, from among those with L48+ results at that time, 90% had DYS390 of 23 or less, while 10% a value of 24 or more. Among those tested L48-, 16% had DYS390 of 23 or less, while 84% a value of 24 or more. Therefore, there seems to be a correlation between values of 23 or lower for DYS390 and L48+, among those tested U106+. The age of L48 is around 2,900-3,100 years old.
(Many men in this group match the "Frisian" Modal halpotype, though some "Frisian" Modal men have tested negative for R1b L48.)

R1b-P312 (R1b1b2a1a2 - ISOGG)
This subclade of M269 is defined by the P312 SNP and appears to account for at least half of European R1b1b2. Although unpublished it was included in chip-based commercial DNA tests towards the end of 2007 and analysis of the first available results in early 2008 by amateur geneticists indicated it has a significant place in the Y-DNA tree. This led to rapid development of stand-alone tests by both EthnoAncestry and Family Tree DNA. The results from customers of these companies and testing of control samples for the rarer SNPs have confirmed the status of this SNP relative to the above list.

R1b-L21 (R1b1b2a1a2f - ISOGG)
This subclade of P312 is defined by the presence of the marker L21. Early results suggest that it is common in Britain, Ireland and possibly northern France. It is also apparently common in Germany and Scandinavia, but is rare in Iberian or Italian male lines. (June 2010 - Clusters of L21 have been found recently in Iberia.)