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Monday, September 14, 2009

Español 2- El Diario del 14-Sept-2009 a 18-Sept-2009

In this post, please write your journal entry for this week. In it, you should describe all material that was covered in class this week.Include explanations of concepts, definitions of words, vocabulary lists, and examples.

Use the notes you took in class to guide you.Please DO NOT copy directly from thetext.Write out explanations in your own words and make up your own examples.

Please DO NOT write directly in the blog response space.Type all text using Microsoft Word first, then copy and paste in into the blog response space.Be appropriate Spanish punctuation when necessary-accents, tildes, question marks, etc.Be careful with spelling-use your text as a reference for spelling.

Please talk to me (in person, via email) if you have any questions/concerns about this assignment.

Your journal entry will be due Friday, September 18th by 11:30 pm.It will be worth 20 points.Remember that if you submit late, you will receive half credit.

30 comments:

Esta semaña, mi clase y yo aprendamos el verbo gustar. Gustar means to be pleasing to, but in English, it can be translated into to like. It is conjugated two ways: gusta and gustan. Gusta is used before a singular noun or an infinitive. Ex. Me gusta el libro. Le gusta leer. Gustan is used before plural nouns. Ex. Nos gustan los deportes. You also have to use direct object pronouns before the conjugated gustar. They are me, te, le, nos, amd les. However, pronouns le and les have different subjects sometimes. To clarify, use A then a name or a pronoun like ellos, él, or ella. Ex. A Natalia le gusta leer las novelas. A ti te gustan los amigos. We also reviewed some adjectives to describe people. Some are Moreno, bajo, activo, atlo, serio, atlético, simpático, and extrovertido. These are all masculine in gender. They can also be feminine. -Lauren Bollinger 2nd hour

Nouns• Nouns for people have natural gender• Other nouns have gender based on their ending. Other nouns have organized genders• To add plural to a noun and –s to a vowel • To add plural to a noun add –es to consonantMasculineMale  amigo (s)Maculine based ending  libro(s)Gender must be memorized  corerFeminine Chica  female personVentana  feminine based wordClase  memorized genderAdjectives• Agree with nouns in number + gender• Adjectives end in o or r  masculine• Adjectives end in a or ar  feminine• To make plural add s or es to a consonantMasculine FeminineBontio BonitaAlto AltaIntelectual (es) intelectual (es)Examples of Gustar

This week in Spanish class, we learned how to use “gustar” properly. Gustar is a very important verb in the Spanish language. Our class learned that you can use “á mi, á te, á nosotros, á usted, á el ella, or á (name). Gustar means to be pleasing to. I learned that there is a difference between, being pleasing to, and liking something. The subjects and indirect objects change. Also we learned common phrases to go with gustar, such as; ¿te gusta? ¿que te gusta? ¿que hace? On Thursday we talked about nouns and adjectives. Nouns that describe people have their own gender. I learned to add –s to create a plural, and for a noun that ends in a consonant add –es. Adjectives, on the other hand, agree with nouns in number, and gender.

Miguel AhlesJournalThis week we learned about descriptive adjectives, how to use the verb gustar, and some interesting facts of Mexico.Some of the vocabulary that we covered this week include: Alto- tallAtlético- athleticSerio- seriousBaja- shortBonita- prettyOjos verdes- green eyesActive- activeExtrovertido- extrovertedAll of the vocabulary we learned this week are used to describe people, demonstrating their physical and non physical characteristics.The verb gustar means to be pleasing to. The verb gustar changes to gusta the singular form and gustan the plural form. The verb must have me, te, le, nos, or les, before it. It can also be written as a mi me, a ti te etc. Some examples are:A mi me gusta jugar al béisbol.A tí te gustan los videojuegos.Alex le gusta air al cine.Nosotros nos gustan las películas.Ellos les gusta la música.We also learned about gender of nouns and how to make them plural. Most words determine their gender by ending in a or o. Some words will need to be memorized that are not as easy to determine. Making a noun plural is easy if a word ends in avowel add a –s if it ends in a consonant add –es. Some examples are:Papel- papel(es)Libro- libro(s)One cultural fact we learned this week was of los trajineros. Trajineros are flat bottomed boats that people relax and listen to mariachi music on. People of Xochimilco usually go on the boats on Sundays.

• Nouns about people have natural gender• Other’s gender based on endings• Some endings must be memorized • To form plural nouns ending in a vowel add –s • To form plural nouns ending in a consonant add –es

ADJECTIVES

• Agree with nouns in gender and number • Common endings for masculine adjectives are –o or –r • Common endings for feminine adjectives are –a or –ra • Other common endings are –e or other consonants • To form a plural adjective add –s to a word ending in a vowel• To form a plural adjective add –es to a work ending in a consonant

NOUNS-nouns for people have natural gender-other nouns have genders based on their endings. Still other nouns have to be memorized.-To form the plural of a noun, add –s to a word ending in a vowel and –es to a word ending in a constant. MasculineAmigo (s) – male person Libro (s) – based on ending Papel (es) memorize Feminine Amiga (s) – female person Mesa (s)- based on ending Clase (s) – memorize

ADJECTIVES-adjectives must agree with nouns in gender and number - For masculine they end in –o or –r -For feminine they end in –a or –ra -plural:Vowel = -s Constant= -es Masculine Bueno (s) Grande (s) Intelecutal (es) Feminine Buena (s) Grande (es) Intelecutal (es)

Over this past week our class reviewed indirect object pronouns. Indirect object pronouns are me(me), te(you), le(him, her, you-formal,) nos(you all), and les(them). An indirect object pronoun is the person affected by the action but not acted directly upon. The indirect object is one who is affected by the verb's action on the direct object. We also learned direct object pronouns which are a noun or pronoun that the verb acts directly on. Another thing we covered this week was the verb gustar. Gustar means “to be pleasing to”. Or more regularly referred to as “to like”. For example, Me gusta practicar deportes. This means “I like to play sports.” “Me” is the indirect object pronoun. “Deportes” is the Direct object. The last thing our class covered this week was adjectives. Adjectives are words that describe a noun. This week we focused mainly on describing our families. For example, "Mi madre es muy simpática". “Muy simpática is describing mi madre, the direct object. Other adjectives that describe someone could be, atletico(a), bonito(a), bajo(a), moreno(a), and alto(a). All of this is what Spanish 2 learned over this week.

This week in class we learned about how to describe people and activities. We also learned how to express likes and dislikes. In addition to that, we learned adjectives that can help to describe someone or something.

Common Questions¿Còmo eres tù?-What are you like?

¿Còmo son tus padres/hermanos/amigos?-What are your parents/brothers and sisters/friends like?

¿Què haces todas las maňanas?-What do you do every morning?

¿Què hacen tus amigos los fines de semana?-What do your friends do on the weekends?

We also learned how to say how someone likes or dislikes something by using the verb correct conjugation of the verb gustar. (Gusta or Gustan)Gusta= used with a verb (or verbs) or a noun Gustan=used with nouns

For example, if you want to say you like to watch movies then you would say,A mì me gusta ver pelìculas.To say you do not like something in Spanish, you just simply at “no” infront of the infinitive.

Example: No le gusta montar la bicicleta.

The last topic we touched on in Spanish class this week was the gender of nouns. All nouns have a certain gender that is either feminine or masculine. Feminine nouns mostly end in the letter ‘a’. Masculine nouns mostly end in the letter ‘o’. Feminine Nouns- Amiga Hermana Novela

Masculine Nouns-AmigoHermanoLibro

You can tell if the nouns is masculine or feminine by the article in front of it.

Example:La mochilla (feminine) La pelìcula (feminine) El perro (masculine) El gato (masculine) You can also make a noun plural by adding s to the end of the vowel or by adding es to the end of the consonant.Examples:Los gatosLos librosLas hermanasLos animales

-Adjectives always agree with nouns both in gender and in number.-Masculine adjectives usually end in –o or –rEx. Alto-Most feminine adjectives end in –a or –ra. Ex. Alta-For both, masculine and feminine, -e or other consonants can be the ending to other adjectives. Ex. Grande-Adding –s to a vowel at the end of an adjective makes it plural. Ex. Bonitas-Adding –es to a consonant at the end of an adjective makes it plural also. Ex. FelizesAdjective Examples: -Alto/a (tall) -Bajo/a (short) -Simpático/a (nice) -Serio/a (serious) -Cómico/a (funny) -Bonito/a (pretty) -Feo/a (ugly) -Extrovertido/a (outgoing) -Activo/a (active) -Delgado/a (skinny) -Feliz (happy) -Divertido/a (fun) -Gordo/a (fat)

Reflexive Pronouns

-A mí -A tu-A él-A ella-A usted-A nosotros-A ellos-A ellas-A ustedes

Nouns

-Have natural gender (for people) Ex. Maria  girl Ex. Mario  boy-Gender is based on the noun’s ending (for other nouns)-Some Nouns have gender that has to be memorized because they are unordinary-Adding –s to the vowel at the end of a noun makes it plural. Ex. Las medias-Adding –es to the consonant at the end of a noun makes it plural. Ex. Los tenedores

Nouns• Nouns for people places have natural geneder• Other nouns have gender based on their endings, still other nouns have gender that must be memorized.• To form the plural of a noun, add –s to a word ending in a vowel and add –es to a word ending in a consonant. Masculine: MaleAmigo(s) libro(s) papel(s)Feminine: Female Amiga(s) misa(s) clase(s)

Adjectives• Adj’s agree with nouns in gender and number• Many adjectives en in –o, -r for masculine and –a or –ra for feminine.• Other adj’s end in –e or other consonants for both masculine and feminine.• To make and adj plural add –s to a vowel or –es to a consonant. • To say what you or others like use this formulaGustar = to be pleasing to (a mi) (a ti) (a el, a ella, a ud.) (a nosotros)(a ellos, a ellas, a uds.)A mi me gustan jugar los deportesA tit e gust aver television A nosotros nos gustan los gatos

Nos enteramos de el verbo gustarGustar= to be pleasing toUsar gusta para= singular noun or infinitiveUsar gustan para= plural nounMeTe LeNos LesTo form the plural of an adjective add -s to a word ending in a vowel and -es to a word ending in a consonantEx: Bueno Buenos Intelectual IntelectualesTo say what you or others like use this formula:A míA tiA nosotrosA vosotros

NotesNouns Describe a person according to their characteristics• Nouns for people have natural gender• Other nnounds have gender based on their endings.• To form a plural noun, add s to a word ending in a vowel and es to a word ending in a consonant.

• They come in both masculine and feminine forms• Masculine normally ends in o and feminine normally ends in a

• Some masculine and feminine words have to be memorized to know their genderAdjectives• Adjectives must agree with the nouns in gender and number• Many adjectives end in o or r for masculine and a or ra for feminine. Other adjectives end in e or other consonants for both masculine and feminine. • To make an adjective plural, add s to a vowel or es to a consonant.

Gustar means to be pleasing toFiguratively = to likeUsed to tell what you or others like or enjoy.

Gusta = singular nouns Infinitive

Gustan = plural nouns

Replace the object with these words based on the context of how many people there are. Commonly people use a simple formula:Start with a word according to the object (person or people)A mí A tiA nosotros A ustedA el, a ella, a (name)A ustedesA ellos(as)A(names)

This week in class, we learned mainly about the verb gustar, as well as some other things. Gustar means to be pleasing to. You use it to say what you or others like. First of all, the verb gustar has to have an indirect object pronoun in front of the verb. These indirect object pronouns are: me, te, le, nos, and les. Another thing is that gustar can take two forms. These are: gusta and gustan. You use gusta when it is followed by a singular noun, or an infinitive verb. Gustan is followed by plural nouns. All together, an example of this would look like this: Me gusta ir al cine. Another thing we learned is that nouns for people have natural gender. Other nouns have gender based in their endings. If you want to make a noun plural, add –s to a word ending in a vowel. Add –es to a word ending in a consonant. We also learned about adjectives. They agree with nouns in gender or number. Masculine adjectives usually end in –o or –r. Feminine usually end in –a or –ra. To make an adjective plural, do as you would a noun.

This week in Spanish 2, we started chapter 1. The first thing we learned was how to describe what we and other people are like, and also how to ask what people are like. Some adjectives we learned to describe are the following: atlético, simpatico, extrovertido, bonita, baja, alta, moreno, and rubio. Some examples of ways to ask what you/people are like are: ¿Cómo eres tú? – What are you like?¿Cómo son tus padres? – What are your parents like?¿Que haces en los fines de semana? – What do you do on the weekends?

The next thing we learned, and our main focus, was the verb gustar. Gustar is a very irregular verb. It only has 2 forms (gusta and gustan). If you like one thing, you use the singular form, gusta. But if you like more than one thing, you use the form, gustan. To use it correctly, you must say who likes it and add an article before the verb. An example would be: A mi me gusta pizza (I like pizza).

If you are talking about yourself liking something, you must put “a mi me” then the verb. If you are using the you informal, it would be “a ti te”.If you are saying we like, it would be ”a nosotros nos”. If it is he, she or you formal, it is “a él, ella, usted le”.And last, you all, and they would be “a uds., ellos(as) les”.

After you get this out of the way, you move onto seeing if what your talking about it singular or plural. Again, if you like a single thing, you will use gusta. If you like more than one, you will use gustan.

Along with these vocab words, we learned how to order and how to respond.

When asking for a menu, one might say: ¿Nos trae el menu?When asking a waiter for his/her opinion, one would say: ¿Que nos recomienda para comer?When asking for the bill, one could say: ¿Pueden traernos la cuenta?

In some sentences, it is shorter and more precise when using both a direct object and an indirect object. Always remember to place the indirect object pronoun before the direct object pronoun. Also both object pronouns must be kept together whether the come before all verbs, or attached to an infinitive or present progressive. Also when lo, la, los, or las follows le, the le is changed to se.

When using adjectives, they have to agree with then nouns being described in number and in gender. Most adjectives ending in O or R are masculine, and most adjectives ending in A or AR are feminine. Other adjectives that end in other consonants need their genders to be memorized. To make an adjective plural, you need to add an S (if it ends in a vowel) or an ES (if it ends in a consonant).

EXAMPLE: Ellas es extrovertidas y altas.^ The adjectives are both feminine because we are speaking of girls, and since there is more than one person, the adjectives are plural.

Nouns, like adjectives, have gender. Some are based on the endings of a word (EXAMPLE: El Libro is masculine (the O gives that away))Some nouns don’t have such obvious genders, so you just have to memorize them.Similar to adjectives, to form the plural form of a noun, add S (if it ends in a vowel) or add ES (if it ends in a consonant).

EXAMPLES: amigo(s) Papel(es) Mesa(s) Clase(s)

GUSTAR

The verb gustar means “to like” or literally “to be pleasing to”

Unlike most verbs, gustar can only be conjugated two different ways.

When creating a sentence to describe what you or someone else likes, the easiest way is to remember this order:

First, to make sure you understand who you are speaking of, use one of these:

A míA tiA nosotrosA vosotrosA él, a ella, a ud, or a (person’s name)A ellos, a ellas, a uds or a (people’s names)

After that, use a pronoun:

MeTeNosOsLeLes

Next, pick which form of GUSTAR to use.

Use GUSTA when followed by an infinitive.EXAMPLE: A mí me gusta nadar.Also, use GUSTA followed by el/la, and then a singular noun.EXAMPLE: A él le gusta el helado.

Use GUSTAN, followed by los/las, and then a plural noun.EXAMPLE: A ellas les gustan vestidos.

MORE EXAMPLES OF GUSTAR

A mi amiga le gustan los deportes.

A mis primos les gust aver películas.

A mí me gusta la música de pop.

QUESTIONS

When asking someone what they are like you say:¿ Cómo eres tú?

Response: Soy…(followed by adjectives, that agree with subject)

When asking what someone else is like, you say:

¿Cómo son…(whoever you are asking about)?

Response:Son…(adjectives)

To ask someone what they do every morning, you say:¿Qué haces todas las mañanas?

Response:Me…(then what you do in the morning, a verb…EXAMPLE: levanto)

To ask what your friends do on the weekends, you say:¿Qué hacen tus amigos los fines de semana?

Response:You respond with what they do. For example: Van al centro commercial.

To ask if someone like something:¿Te (gusta or gustan)…..(noun)?

Response:Following the format stated above, figure out a response to the question.

Nota Cultural

The cultural note talks about Xochimilco (known for its floating gardens(jardines flotantes)) and the significance of things that go on there. People ride in flat bottomed boats (called trajineras). While on the boats, people relax (relajandarse), enjoy typical Mexican food, and row through the canals. The most common day for this to happen is on Sunday (domingo).

This week in class we reviewed the verb "gustar" and cleared up any questions we had about it. A few things that we reviewed about "gustar" were:- it always follows the infinitive pronouns me, te, le, nos, les (they must agree with the subject)- it means "to have please to."- it becomes "gustan" if followed by a plural noun and the subject must always agree with it.- if not followed a plural noun it is left "gusta."

Also, we went over descriptive adjects as well, and reviewed some basic vocabulary terms.

Nouns have gender for people , you can tell the gender of most nouns by the ending. To make a noun plural, add -s to a word ending in a vowel and add -es to a word ending in a consonant.Ex.: masculine feminine gato(s) gata(s)reservacion(es) reservacion(es)

adjectives agree with nouns in their gender and also in their number. A lot of adjectives end in -o or -r for masculine and -a or -ra for feminine. Other adjectives end in consonants for both masculine or feminine. To make an adjective plural, add -s to a vowel or -es to a consonant.

this week we started chapter seven.We started off talking about things that deal with a restaurant.We learned all the basic foods, and the basic phrases.Like a waiter or waitress is la mesera or el mesero.Some simple phrases we learned were such as:asking the waiter to bring the menu. Nos trae el menú, por favor.Or asking what someone recommends they have for dinner. Qué nos recomienda para cenar.We can also ask the waiter to bring the bill. tráiganos la cuenta, por favor.

The second thing we learned are phrases that ask about specific foods.We learned how to ask how a certain food is.Qué tal está caldo de pollo. We learned how to respond. To say it is missing something say Le falta.

The third and last part we learned was the grammar section.Double object pronouns.Some verbs can have direct and indirect object pronouns. Such as: Mi mama se recomendo el pollo.When you have both a direct and indirect object pronouns, always put the indirect object pronoun first.In a sentence that uses the indirect pronouns le or les, you change it to se if it is used in the same sentence as lo la los las.

As a class, we are still trying to perfect the grammar section, its kind of difficult.

This week, the class reviewed the verb gustar, adjectives and nouns. The verb gustar first begins with the indirect pronouns which are: me, te, le, nos and les. Next comes the conjugated verb. It is either gusta or gustan depending on the words after it. You use gusta if it is followed by a singular noun or an infinitive.(Ex. Me gusta la novella. Le gusta ir al cine.) You use gustan if it is followed by plural nouns.(Ex. Les gustan los animales.) When using adjectives, you must be aware that they can change genders. Use -o for describing males, and –a for females.(Ex. Èl es alto. Ella es bonita.) They must also agree in number. (Ex. Ellos son altos. Ellas son bonitas.) When using nouns, they have a certain gender already. Masculine nouns end in –o or –r. Feminine nouns end in –a or -ra.(Ex. Amigo, papel, mesa) When making them plural, add –s to those ending in vowels and -es to those that end in consonants.(Ex. Amigos, papeles, mesas) -Lauren BollingerP.S. I posted late because I had a volleyball tourney and did not get home until 11:15. And I know some of my other classmates who are also teammates may have posted late also. I hope you can still give me credit.

This week we mainly learned about how to use gustar, and adjectives. Ways to talk about people, things they do activities ; questions and answers - ¿Cómo eres tú? What are you like ? Soy? I’m…….¿Cómo son tus padres/hermanos/amigos? What are your parents/brothers/friends like? Son... They are .......¿Quė hacen tus amigos los fines de semana? What do your friends do on weekends?Ver television/Traėn peliculas a mi casa. They watch T.V./ Bring movies to my house. ¿Quė haces todos las mañanas? What do you do every morning?Me levento, me bano......... I get up, I take a bath. Las Famalia Vocabulario – Las Vocabulario- Madre- mother Las novelas de misterio- mystery books Padre- father el ajedrez – chess board Hermano – brother me llamo – my name is ..Hermana – sister poco – (a) little Encanta –to love Los fines de semana – days of the week Descriptive words / Adjectives (adjectives) – agree with nouns in gender and number , many adjectives end in an o or r for masculine and a or ra for feminine. Other adjectives end in –e or other consonants for both masculine and feminine. TO make an adjective plural add –s to a vowel or –es to a consonant.– Morena- dark skin/hair atleticos- athletic Baja- short simpacticos – nice Alta- tall Activa- active Encanta –to love Serio – serious GUSTAR – to be pleasing to (to like) Indirect Object Pronouns – go before gustar they must agree with the noun or who gustar is refering to.Me- Te-Le-Nos-Les- You can also put A than a noun ex . A (name ) le gusta …… Than comes gustar in the sentance after those Gustar can only be in two forms- gusta and gustan Gusta- for singular nouns and infinitives Gustan- for plural nouns Ex – No me gusta ver la tele. Me gusta las novelas. Expressing likes and dislikes using Gustar –¿Te gustan más los___o___ ? Do you like ___ o ___ more?A mi no me gusta ____? Prefiero ___. I don’t like __. I prefer ___. ¿Quė te gusta hacer los fines de semana? What do you like to do on the weekends? Me gusta___. Voy___. I like___. I go___. Y tus amigos. ¿quė les gusta hacer ? And your friends , what do they like to do ? A ellos les gusta ___. They like to___. Nouns – for people have natuaral gender , other nouns have gender based on their endings still other nouns have gender that must be memorized to form the plural of a noun add –s to a word ending in a vowel and add –es to a word ending in a consonant.

In Spanish class this week we learned about the verb gustar and how to use it. The verb Gustar means to be pleasing to.When using this verb you use it to say you like and they like. First of all, the verb gustar has to have an indirect object pronoun in front of the verb. These indirect object pronouns are: me, te, le, nos, and les. Gustar can take two forms they are: gusta and gustan. You use gusta when it is followed by a singular noun, or an infinitive verb. Gustan is followed by plural nouns. An example of this would be like this: Me gusta ir al cine. Another thing we learned is that nouns for people have natural gender. If you want to make a noun plural, add –s to a word ending in a vowel. Add –es to a word ending in a consonant. We learned about adjectives. They agree with nouns in their gender or number. Masculine adjectives usually end in o or r. Feminine usually end in –a or –ra. To make an adjective plural, do as you would a noun.

This week in Spanish class we have learned how to ask about people, routines and activities, and to express likes and dislikes. An example of a question about a person is ¿Cόmo eres tú? Which means what are you like? An answer can be soy tímido y baja.Another concept that we learned is the way to express likes or dislikes with gustar. A simple formula can be used such as a mí-me-gusta-infinitiveEx) A mí ne gusta ir de compras.Or if you want to use gustar with a plural noun there’s another formula. For example, a ustedes-les-gustan-los-plural noun The last thing we covered was making nouns and adjectives plural. Nouns have gender, and some nounds have gender based on their endings. To form the plural of a noun add –s to a word ending in a vowel add -es to a word ending in a consonant. Ex) amigo(s) papel(es)Adjectives agree with nouns in gender and number. Most adjectives end in –o or –r for masculine and –a or –ra for feminine. To make an adjective plural add –s to a vowel or –es to a consonant.Ex) bueno(s) intelectual(es)

This week in Spanish 2, we basically reviewed on nouns, adjectives, and the verb gustar. In nouns, there are words with gender changes. Such as: amigo which is masculine because of the –o, amiga which is feminine because of the –a. Some nouns do not have these gender changes, some nouns like el papel which is masculine because of the el in front. Or la clase which is feminine because of the la. The beginning words, el or la is the dead giveaway of their gender. Nouns can be plural, such as amigos or amigas. When turning a noun from singular to plural, the el and la turn to los and las. For the nouns with gender changes, add an –s to the nouns with an –a, -o, or an –e. But the nouns that end with a consonant, add –es. Adjectives have almost the same format, only they do not have the el or la in front and they have gender changes too. When they turn from singular to plural, it is the same format. Gustar is a verb that to be pleasing to or to like. Its only forms are gusta and gustan. Gusto, gustas, and gustamos DO NOT EXIST. You use gusta when the object likes something that is a singular noun or an infinitive verb. You use gustan when the object likes something that is a plural noun. There is a pronoun that is before the form of gustar that is similar to the object, it is a priority you must have it. To really under stand it, look at this formula:

Masculine/Feminine and Plural nouns:To make nouns plural:- add (s) to words ending with a vowel- add (es) to words ending with a consonantExamples-Amigo -> amigosPapel -> papelesFor masculine/feminine nouns:- most feminine end with an (a)- most masculine end with an (o)- ones that end in consonants must be memorized- or you could tell by the article (el, la, los, las)Examples-Masculine: amigo, libro, papelFeminine: ventana, mochilá, clase

Gustar:- literally translates as to be pleasing to- it’s used to say what others like or don’t like- use me, te, le, nos, or les before it.- use gusta for infinitive verbs and singular nouns- use gustan for plural nounsExamples-1. A mi me gusta ir al centro comercial.2. A ellos les gustan los deportes.3. A ella le gusta la música.

In the beginning of the chapter we talked about restaurant vocabulary. Some of those vocabulary words are:el mesero: waiterla lechuga: lettuceel menú: menubistec: steakpollo: chicken

Also we learned how to order food and ask for the meal of the day, el plato de día, ask for the menu ,¿Nos trae el menu? , and asking for the bill,¿Pueden traernos la cuenta?

We also learned how to ask how a certain food is: ¿Cómo esta el bistec?and how to say something is missing something:Le falta....

In the grammar section of Chapter 7 we learned how to use indirect and object pronouns and that the basic rule to remember is that the indirect object pronoun comes before the direct object pronoun:Quiero el pollo. ¿Me lo trae ahora, por favor?the two pronouns form an unbreakable unit and cannot be broken up by another word.

When to use gusta and gustan gusta – for singular nouns and infinitives

gustan – for plural nouns

(examples) Me gustan los juegos de mesa. Juego al ajedrez.

No me gusta el tenis.

Nouns -have natural gender when referring to people

-other nouns have gender too but the endings must be memorized.

-to form the plural of a noun ending in a vowel, just add –s, but to make a noun that ends in a consonant plural you must add –es.

Adjectives -agree in number and gender

-masculine (m) adjectives end in –o or –r and feminine (f) end in –a or –ra, while others end in –e or another consonant sound for both masculine and feminine

-to make an adjective ending in a vowel plural add –s, and to make an adjective ending in a consonant add –es

(example)

bueno = m, buena = f [o to a]

Grande(s) = m, grande(s) = f [same for m & f]

(a mí) me, (a tí) te, (a nosotros) nos: used to emphasize the verb gustar (a él, ella, ud.) le & (a ellos, ellas, uds.) les: used to emphasize and clarify the verb gustar Use the direct object pronouns el and la with gusta when followed by singular nouns. Use the direct object pronouns los and las with gustan when followed by plural nouns. (examples)