Suggests that many instrumental measurements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were warm-biased

Corrects for earlier instrumental measurment biases

Finds that from the period 1880 to 2005 the length of summer heat waves over western Europe has doubled and the frequency of hot days has almost tripled

Further the evidence that western Europe's climate has become more extreme than previously thought and that the hypothesized increase in variance of future summer temperature has indeed been a reality over the last 126 years