The key to a successful hierarchical network structure is proper IP address management. If addresses are assigned appropriately, it is possible to summarize routing information. TIP Each area used by OSPF or integrated IS-IS should have a contiguous set of network or subnet numbers assigned to it. The area border routers should summarize that set of addresses with an address mask. Summarization provides substantial benefits for your network.

By looking at the addressing structures, you can see that even with a Class C address, there are a large number of hosts per network. Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number. It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices. You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing.

IP Addresses are great for computers
– IP address includes information used for
routing.
IP addresses are tough for humans to
remember.
IP addresses are impossible to guess.
– ever guessed at the name of a WWW site?

[ Team LiB ] Recipe 1.6 Using an IP Address to Connect to SQL Server Problem You want to connect to a SQL Server using its IP address instead of its server name. Solution Use the Network Address and Network Library attributes of the connection string

IP best-effort packet-delivery service:
IP addressing and packet forwarding with datagram mode.
Multiplexing accomplished by transport protocols (TCP, UDP).
And how to build on top of the narrow waist:
Domain Name System (DNS) for resolution between name and
addresses,
Dynamic host configuration protocol-DHCP for IP
configurations.

Address Conversion Functions and The Domain Name System
Refs: Chapter 9 RFC 1034 RFC 1035
Netprog: DNS and name lookups 1
Hostnames
• IP Addresses are great for computers
– IP address includes information used for routing.
• IP addresses are tough for humans to remember. • IP addresses are impossible to guess.
– ever guessed at the name of a WWW site?
Netprog: DNS and name lookups 2
The Domain Name System
• The domain name system is usually used to translate a host name into an IP address .

The delivery of a packet to a host or a router requires two levels of addressing: logical and physical. We need to be able to map a logical address to its corresponding
physical address and vice versa. This can be done by using either static or dynamic mapping.

19.10. Address Book Address Book is Mac OS X's little-black-book program—an electronic Rolodex where you can stash the names, job titles, addresses, phone numbers, email addresses, and Internet chat screen names of all the people in your life

RFC-1631
A short term solution to the problem of the depletion of IP addresses
Long term solution is IP v6 (or whatever is finally agreed on)
CIDR (Classless InterDomain Routing ) is a possible short term solution
NAT is another
NAT is a way to conserve IP addresses
Hide a number of hosts behind a single IP address
Use:
10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255,
172.16.0.0-172.32.255.255 or
192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 for local networks

China faces a major challenge in managing its scarce water resources to sustain economic growth in the years ahead. This report provides an overview of China’s water scarcity situation, assesses the policy and institutional requirements for addressing it, and recommends key areas for strengthening and reform. The issues covered