A population control measure known as "One-child policy" is "Family Planning". It has been started in 1979 when China's reform and opening-up policy began. A general rule of this policy is to allow one child in one married couple, but there are many minor rules. There are some penalties to people who offend against this rule in laws, but in practice, enforced abortion by local people in charge are applied very often.
Chinese government announces an annual birth plan. Then, the number of expected birth is split to each local area as their responsibility to keep. If some people offend against the Family Planning policy, not only the married couple but also local people in charge of this policy will be punished. Therefore, married couples of child-bearing age are under very strict control of local government. It has been reported that using intrauterine device (IUD) is mandatory for marriage.
The number of abortion between the 7th and 9th month of pregnancy is estimated 500,000 in China. Note that, for instance, abortion can be applied by 22th week pregnancy in Japan by the Mother's Body Protection Law.

International Uyghur associations or human right groups have reported that enforced abortion makes steep sacrifice.
The way of abortion in China is very cruel: to make a poison injection to pre-born child or to crash pre-born baby's head by forceps. Even for a born baby right after delivery, doctors make an injection of formaldehyde (HCHO) to a baby's head or strangle a baby by a wringing device which is always kept in their pocket.

There is a preferential treatment for minorities such that minorities living in cities can have two children and those living in rural areas can have three. However, some restrictions are still applied, for instance, they can't have the 2nd kid before the 1st kid becomes 3 years old.
Even Han people can have two children if they live in rural regions. Additionally, if they satisfy some conditions that Chinese government have, they can have the 3rd child.
Preferential treatment for minorities doesn't make sense in practice. For example, Han people who immigrant to East Turkestan can have an additional child. This gives them the same condition as that given for minorities in cities.
If somebody offends against this rule, very heavy penalty will be applied. Chinese government carries penalty which is several times as average income in China. This is a strong disadvantage for minorities most of whom don't earn so much money.
Even if preferential treatment is run properly, minorities in China themselves are the target of population control measure. Since Chinese government encourage Han people to immigrant to minority's regions, it will lead extinction of minorities in near future.

In addition, Family Planning is not only population control but also eugenics. In 1993, the Washington Post reported that Chinese government let 260,000 people have sterilization in Gansu Province because they were mental defective. Many senior administration officials in China have outspoken with intent of eugenics very often.
Some Han senior officials have said 㠗ͯts of minorities are mentally defective, of poor physique, midget, or psychopath㠝. It shows their racism for minorities. Their sense against minorities is very similar the eugenics theory which were used for holocaust by Nazi.

Family Planning policy is also against religion. Most of Turc people living in East Turkestan are Muslim. It is highly impossible to accept Family Planning control by Chinese government for them. The armed uprising happened at Akto Province was caused by Family Planning control.
Chinese government strictly forbids any religion to interrupt their Family Planning policy. However, it is already clear that Chinese Communist Party controlling such a private matter is freaky.

By comparison, India, which also has a huge population, does not use any violent way to control population. Indian government has been trying to improve health and educational environment. Both countries are candidates of big power in the 21st century, but there is such a big gap between them.