5. verbs to be and to have

Please, learn carefully the present forms of the verb byti = to be and corresponding personal pronouns:

I

am

(ja)

jesm

we

are

(my)

jesmo

you (thou)

are

(ty)

jesi

you

are

(vy)

jeste

he, she, it

is

(on, ona, ono)

jest (or je)

they

are

(oni)

sut

And the same to the present forms of the verb iměti = to have:

I

have

(ja)

imaju

we

have

(my)

imajemo

you (thou)

have

(ty)

imaješ

you

have

(vy)

imajete

he, she, it

has

(on, ona, ono)

imaje

they

have

(oni)

imajut

note

There is yet one personal pronoun for "I", az. This is an old pronoun from the Old (Church) Slavonic language still used in Slovenian (jaz), Bulgarian (az) and (Slavo)Macedonian (jas). In Neoslavonic, we prefer to use ja, because it is used in majority of modern Slavic languages.

There is yet a short form of "he, she, it is", je = jest. This shortform is well suitableto usewhenwe create acompoundverb form (e.g. past tense or passive mode for example).

Western and southern Slavic languages do not usethepersonalpronounwith verbs. Complete informationabout the verbal personsthemselvesis contained in theverbendings. The personalpronounis usedonly incase of special needto emphasizeperson. For this reason,in normal situations, try to useverbswithout personalpronouns.

Example: imajemo = we have, my imajemo = wepersonallyhave.

Some modern languages have little bit different verb: imati. In Interslavic, there is possible to use -ě- or -a- in all forms, as for example:

iměju, iměješ, iměje, imějemo, imějete, imějut

cases with verbs to be and to have

Equivalency or "is-a" relationship of some two subjects is expressed by byti + nominative.

Note that (as shown in statements 3. and 4.) the verb byti islikean invertedvariant ofthe verbiměti. For this reason (among others)the verbiměti does not haveitspassiveversion, because it is expressed by the verbbyti, and vice versa.