We studied time trends in infant mortality and associated factors between three cohort studies carried out in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in 1982, 1993, and 2004. All hospital births and deaths were determined by means of regular visits to hospitals, registrar's offices, and cemeteries. This data was ...

BACKGROUND: In Austria, over the last 20 years infant mortality declined from 11.2 per 1,000 life births (1985) to 4.7 per 1,000 in1997 but remained rather constant since then. In addition to this time trend we already reported a non-random spatial distribution of infant mortality rates in a recent study ...

To report direct maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in Norway between 1976 and 1995 including a description of the underlying complications in pregnancy, the causes of death and assessment of standard of care. The maternal deaths were identified through the Cause of Death Registry, Statistics Norway, and Medical Birth Registry of ...

This article reviews South Dakota's historical death rates and reports recent death rates (2000-2006) and leading causes of death by gender, race, age and county. The recent leading causes of death in South Dakota were heart disease, cancer, stroke, chronic lower respiratory diseases and accidents. Accidents were the second leading ...

Neonatal tetanus (NT) is still considered as one of the major causes of neonatal death in many developing countries. The aim of the present study was to assess the characteristics of sixty-seven infants with the diagnosis of neonatal tetanus followed-up in the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Ward of Dicle University Hospital, ...

Concerns about bioterrorism and influenza have focused attention on identifying novel data sources to enhance public health surveillance. The authors evaluated free Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Internet death notices for Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, as a potentially timely source of mortality data. Data abstracted from Internet death notices for 1998-2001 were compared with ...

A retrospective study was conducted of a series of 18,834 births at the gynaecological-obstetrics hospital of Hanoi, Vietnam, from January 1-1991 to December 31-1995. The mean early neonatal mortality rate was 24.4". During the study period, a considerable decrease in rate was observed, which was attributed to a change in ...

BACKGROUND: In September 2000, the Heads of States of the 191 countries of the United Nations approved the Millennium Declaration in which reduction of pregnancy-related deaths to a quarter by 2015 was one of its goals. However, before the middle of the first decade of this millennium, there were no ...

OBJECTIVES: This report presents final 2004 data on the 10 leading causes of death in the United States by age, race, sex, and Hispanic origin. Leading causes of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death are also presented. This report supplements the annual report of final mortality statistics. METHODS: Data in this ...

BACKGROUND: There is limited population-based information on the extent of underreporting of congenital heart defects (CHD) as a cause of death among infants with Down syndrome (DS) and on the variation in case fatality by presence of CHD and age at death. METHODS: Using data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the rate of and demographic factors associated with fetal postmortem investigation and to classify the cause of all fetal deaths that underwent postmortem investigation. To compare the proportion of deaths remaining unexplained after postmortem investigation with estimates derived from death certificates. METHOD: All fetal deaths in Western ...

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is often asymptomatic, mis-diagnosed, and unrecognized at death, and there is a lack of routine postmortem examinations. These factors are thought to result in marked underestimates ofVTE incidence. The objective of our study was to estimate the total burden of VTE within the European Union (EU) per ...

A complete evaluation of a stillbirth or neonatal death may explain the cause of death, direct further investigation of the family, and be particularly valuable in counseling parents about recurrence risks in future pregnancies. The results of the autopsy, placental examination, laboratory tests, and cytogenetic studies should be communicated to ...

BACKGROUND: Most of the maternal death studies in this environment based their statistics on clinical cause with no reference to autopsy records. This gap of knowledge would be filled with autopsies performed on the victims. OBJECTIVES: To highlight the importance of autopsy in the study of maternal mortality. DESIGN/SETTING: A ...

Baseline data on neonatal, infant and maternal deaths including factors associated with infant mortality in a rural community are needed to assess the progress being made towards achieving lower rates in Nigeria. In this community-based prospective study, baseline data on births and deaths were collected as they occurred for 6 ...

Few studies have described factors associated with infant and adolescent mortality since birth. We report here mortality during a 20-year period in a birth cohort from Ribeirão Preto in order to identify birth variables that influenced mortality among infants and children between 10 and 19 years of age, the main ...

To improve access to skilled attendance at delivery and thereby reduce maternal mortality, the Government of Ghana introduced a policy exempting all women attending health facilities from paying delivery care fees. To examine the effect of the exemption policy on delivery-related maternal mortality. Maternal deaths in 9 and 12 hospitals ...

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most common causes of death during sports activity in the population of Hamburg, Germany, and to identify which groups of sportspeople are particularly in danger of dying during sports and in which types of sport most fatalities occur. DESIGN AND SETTING: We performed a 10-year autopsy-based ...

BACKGROUND: There is growing concern that moderate levels of outdoor air pollution may be associated with infant mortality, representing substantial loss of life-years. To date, there has been no investigation of the effects of outdoor pollution on infant mortality in the UK. METHODS: Daily time-series data of air pollution and ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in mortality between late-preterm (34-36 weeks) and term (37-41 weeks) infants. STUDY DESIGN: We used US period-linked birth/infant death files for 1995 to 2002 to compare overall and cause-specific early-neonatal, late-neonatal, postneonatal, and infant mortality rates between singleton late-preterm infants and term infants. RESULTS: Significant declines ...

BACKGROUND: Reports that death notices in the Times-Picayune, the New Orleans daily newspaper, increased dramatically in 2006 prompted local health officials to determine whether death notice surveillance could serve as a valid alternative means to confirm suspicions of excess mortality requiring immediate preventive actions and intervention. METHODS: Monthly totals of ...

An act for registering births, deaths, and marriages was passed for England and Wales in 1836. Scotland, despite evident support for the principle of civil registration there, did not obtain equivalent legislation until 1854 - a paradox that has yet to be fully explained. Eight unsuccessful bills preceded the Scottish ...

BACKGROUND: Fetal or neonatal hypoxia owing to asphyxia can result in death or severe irreversible brain damage. To prevent this, factors contributing to the development of fetal or neonatal hypoxia must be identified. AIMS: To determine the primary obstetric and neonatal causes or diagnoses and avoidable factors associated with death ...

This study was carried out to evaluate the trends in cause-specific mortality and the impact of child-survival programmes in Morocco. Two national surveys on causes and circumstances of child deaths were conducted in Morocco in 1988 and 1998 (ECCD-1 and ECCD-2 respectively). These surveys were based on a representative sample ...

OBJECTIVES: This report presents 2004 period infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death data file by a variety of maternal and infant characteristics. The linked file differs from the mortality file, which is based entirely on death certificate data. METHODS: Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted. Excluding ...

OBJECTIVE: Infant and child mortality are important indicators of the level of development of a society, but are usually collected by governmental agencies on a region wide scale, with little local stratification. In order to formulate appropriate local policies for intervention, it is important to know the patterns of morbidity ...

This paper examines regional and temporal trends in mortality patterns among the Tsimane, a population of small-scale forager-horticulturalists in lowland Bolivia. We compare age-specific mortality in remote forest and riverine regions with that in more acculturated villages and examine mortality changes among all age groups over the past 50 years. ...

To determine the timing of mortality after onset of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the course of the disease in a large series of patients. From July 1996 to June 2005, all patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan were retrospectively studied. Three thousand two ...

OBJECTIVES: This report presents final 2003 data on the 10 leading causes of death in the United States by age, race, sex, and Hispanic origin. Leading causes of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death are also presented. This report supplements the annual report of final mortality statistics. METHODS: Data in this ...

The aim of the article was to point out recorded cardiovascular deaths did not copy the real number of cardiovascular deaths, but may also include other causes of deaths. We evaluated all death notifications reported to the Statistical Office of the Slovak republic during the 10-year period, that is 519,680 ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this work was to determine the relative risk for mortality and the causes and ages of death for late-preterm newborns (gestational age of 34-36 weeks) compared with those born at term. METHODS: We reviewed data from birth and death certificates of infants born in Utah between ...

AIM: This retrospective study was conducted to determine the general features of childhood deaths due to electrocution, and draw the attention of community to these preventable deaths. METHODS: The autopsy records of the Morgue of the Adana Branch of the Turkish Forensic Medicine Council were used. Thirty-seven cases of childhood ...

AIM: A mortality surveillance system was developed to identify and document causes of death among children enrolled in a tuberculosis vaccine field trial in South Africa. The aims of this study were to describe causes of mortality in children enrolled in a phase IV trial comparing intradermal with percutaneous administration ...

The number of deaths attributable to influenza is believed to be considerably higher than the number certified by vital statistics registration as due to influenza. Weekly mortality data for Canada from the 1989/1990 to the 1998/1999 influenza seasons were analysed by cause of death, age group, and place of death ...

OBJECTIVE: Given interventions implemented in recent years to reduce maternal deaths, we sought to determine the incidence and causes of maternal deaths for 1998-2003. METHOD: Records of public hospitals and state pathologists were reviewed to identify pregnancy-related deaths within 12 months of delivery and determine their underlying causes. RESULTS: Maternal ...

In the United States, the office of the Medical Examiner-Coroner is responsible for investigating all sudden and unexpected deaths and deaths by violence. Its jurisdiction includes deaths during the arrest procedures and deaths in police custody. Police officers are sometimes required to subdue and restrain an individual who is violent, ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for antepartum fetal deaths. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was carried out in the city of São Paulo from August 2000 to January 2001. Subjects were selected from a birth cohort from a linked birth and death certificate database. Cases were 164 antepartum fetal deaths ...

OBJECTIVE: This report presents data on U.S. deaths to pregnant or recently pregnant women, summarizes long-term processing issues, and examines recent changes affecting the data and the impact of the changes on the statistics for these women. METHODS: This report presents descriptive tabulations of information reported on death certificates that ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the odds of death of children when a woman of reproductive age dies from maternal or non maternal causes in rural Haiti. METHODS: Deaths among reproductive aged women between 1997 and 1999 in and around Jeremie, Haiti were classified as maternal or non maternal and matched to ...

Following the death of a neonate it is essential that parents are given full and accurate information about the probable cause of death. Perinatal autopsy often adds new information or may even change the presumed diagnosis [Cartlidge PH, Dawson AT, Stewart JH, Vujanic GM. Value and quality of perinatal and ...

Among the available data provided by health information systems, data on mortality are commonly used not only as health indicators but also as socioeconomic development indices. Recognizing that in Iran accurate data on causes of death were not available, the Deputy of Health in the Ministry of Health and Medical ...

This paper aims to estimate the incidence of motor vehicle accident (MVA) related deaths and identify the factors associated with the causes of the high road death toll in Transkei region. A retrospective review and analysis was performed of all medico-legal autopsies (n=6181) between January 1993 and December 1999, of ...

The precise number of deaths due to rotavirus infection in England and Wales is difficult to determine because mortality is usually low and reported simply as death due to gastrointestinal disease. We have used two independent methods to estimate this figure. Firstly, we obtained records from the Office for National ...

Vital registration of causes of death in Tanzania is incomplete and many deaths occur outside health care settings. Verbal autopsies (VA) are used to determine the underlying cause of death, and the probable diagnosis helps to estimate reasonably cause-specific mortality. In this paper, we report findings of a verbal autopsy ...

BACKGROUND: Empirical data on homicide and homicide offenders are needed in the ongoing discussion on violence and crime prevention. One issue, insufficiently investigated, is the post-trial life course of homicide offenders. AIM: To examine whether the mortality rate, as well as cause and manner of death, of homicide offenders is ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate animal-caused fatalities in New Mexico using data collected during medicolegal death investigations, including toxicology, survival interval, and circumstances. METHODS: A retrospective review of the computerized database and hard copies of files from a centralized, statewide medical examiner's office, excluding deaths due to zoonotic diseases and motor vehicle ...

Trends in preterm-related causes of death were examined by maternal race and ethnicity. A grouping of preterm-related causes of infant death was created by identifying causes that were a direct cause or consequence of preterm birth. Cause-of-death categories were considered to be preterm-related when 75 percent or more of total ...

BACKGROUND: On May 1, 1954, a prospective mortality study was instituted in the Medical Department of the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company for all persons on whom an electrocardiogram (ECG) was made. Details were coded on an 80-column, mark-sense punched card for the ECG interpretation, for clinical findings, and ...

OBJECTIVE: Study the incidence of drug abuse in persons with unnatural deaths such as traffic accidents, homicide with gunshot wounds, etc. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and fifty three cases with a mean age of 34 years (range 10 to 76) were studied. The decedents were mostly male (92%), with ...