The Right to be

How twenty years ago was born the system of public organizations of the new Russia?

By December 1, 1991, in accordance with the decision of the Leningrad City Council (St. Petersburg City Council), the Justice Department in St Petersburg were registered 379 public and religious organizations ... It is curious to know which of these public men survived to the present, who celebrated his twenty-year anniversary and mentioned a good word for the Leningrad City Council members, who provided the "informal and underground" to become full-fledged juridical persons?

Where Informal registered?

The question is not idle. One has only to remind readers that register up to 1990 in Leningrad, some simple social organization without the approval of the District Committee of the CPSU was almost impossible.

First, the Decree on Associations was approved by all citizens of the CPC, I think, in 1938.I created in 1989 with Sergei Andreev political (!) Club, and copied the document on yellowed paper in the Public Library. In the executive committee, where the registered organization, it was not, and I graciously left officials a copy of the rare papers.

Secondly, you need an address for a legal entity. Flats of community members were not good. After all those years, housing was a state. Privatization of housing permitted by the Leningrad Soviet only in 1992. This means that the activists had to enlist the friendship and the letter of guarantee from the director of any company or institution. It goes without saying, it was very difficult. Moreover, for nothing, after all public figures usually do not have money to spare.

Third, officials from the executive committee, having received from the organizers of the draft Charter, could just throw it in the trash bin on the ground that the goal for them is questionable, and problem solving of newborn entity could harm the state or may damage the Soviet ideology or morality.

Given these difficulties, social activists were up in 1990 in the underground that is called "informal" or "underground."

Lensoviet of 21 convocation, consisting half of these "informals" in 1990 instructed its Bureau to register the parties and clubs, religious sects, and charities, including the addresses of residence and their founders.

The first legal "informal" became "Leningrad People Front" (4610) and "The United Front of Workers" (2160). In parentheses cite the number of sites that now display Google for the name of the organization.

Later, the mayor, Anatoly Sobchak, insisted that the registration function of public organizations were transferred to the city administration. We, the deputies, agreed with this. And even in order to save power and money in the City Council eliminated the commission on public organizations. And here in the summer of 1992 the Justice Department reported to the Sankt-Petersburg Soviet (formerly known as Lensoviet) on their work.

Let us pray to God, my friends!

Let's start from religious associations. Alone units of the Moscow Patriarchate legalized 67, including the Georgian parish and the Orthodox Brotherhood "In the name of the Queen of Heaven" (839). In addition, in St. Petersburg there were Old Believers: popovtsy (those with the priests) and bespopovtsy (who pray without priests), as well as non-drinkers, the followers of Brer John Churikov. By the way, Google gives on-demand 191 page of these non-drinking Orthodox. This means that they exist. And God is with them.

Registered Catholics were different (26 organizations), Buddhists, Islamists, the arrival of the Choral Synagogue, the Hare Krishnas, and the separation of "Salvation Army" (12600). The latter, certainly, are funded from abroad. Now they are, not whether they are a religious community would be called "agents"! The spiritual pluralism, as we see in St. Petersburg under the Democrats flourished.

Transient and long-lived

If we look at the spectrum of political and social organizations, which, like mushrooms after rain, bred in a democratic Petersburg, it is not enough any paint to describe this picture.

Registered number of new and pre-existing "under the communists", the trade unions, charities, clubs, sports and business clubs and federations, voluntary associations and fraternities, national Friendly Societies and even regional political parties. Contemporary strict law on political parties did not exist, and it allows citizens to exercise and implement their organizational and political dreams of the most bizarre forms.

For example, what political forces emerged twenty years ago in the Northern Capital of Russia: The party of free labor, Leningrad (0), the Society of Friends of newspaper "Soviet Russia" (5), Leningrad organization of the Foreign Policy Association (5), the Leningrad Pioneer Union Organizations (131) St. Petersburg Union of nobles (0), the People's Union (44,700), the People's Party (162,000), "The Communists for the rights of citizens" (1,940), International Club of St. Petersburg (8,880), Young Communist League (34,100), the Socialist Party of St. Petersburg (3).

And even someone in April 1991 created a Committee for the Protection of the Parliament of Russia and the Leningrad City Council (2). From then it was necessary to protect the supreme organ of state power St. Petersburg? I do not remember! Activists of this organization would be useful to us, when in 2004 at the suggestion of Governor Valentina Matvienko elderly members of Lensovet deprived of pension allowances, the status of state employees. Apparently, the current Head of the Federation Council believed then that the MPs of Democratic Lensoviet was not public authority unlike the MPs of previous convocations of the Leningrad City Council of Deputies, under the control of the Communist Party, in contrast to the workers of the party and Komsomol organizations of the USSR. We hope that the new governor restore justice, because I think he personally no hard feelings from the deputies of the Leningrad City Council could not stand.

As can be seen, not all organizations the right to life which gave Leningrad Soviet in the early 90s, have lived and kept their names to the heyday of the Internet. People's Union, the People's Party and Komsomol members from the examples given here have been successful longevity.

Today, the spectrum of civil society organizations varies greatly. Now, as a rule, sports clubs - joint-stock companies. But the number of public non-profit organizations, I believe, in Russia no longer counted by hundreds and probably hundreds of thousands. It's wonderful that people have the right, no one is hiding, freely, and not on orders from the Kremlin, to create organizations, clubs, unions, political parties. The beginning of civilization this wholesome process has a peaceful democratic revolution of 1989-1991, and in our city - Leningrad City Council. Many organizations, of course, extinguished at the time of birth, as is the case with any evolving systems, but some of the most popular society, there are still to meet one of the most important human senses - a sense of belonging, solidarity, cooperation and mutual assistance.

Ritah Miller, journalist. Completely this article (in Russian), as well as other publications on the history of Russia and the political perspectives can be found in the blog, "The fate of Russia in the 21st century."

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