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Sunday, November 27, 2011

A Review: Phineas Gage: A Gruesome But True Story About Brain Science

Image from Goodreads.com

Book Review of:

Phineas Gage: A Gruesome But True Story About Brain Science, by John Fleischman

Summary:

This non-fiction book for children and young adults gives an interesting look at how one man's accident in1848 that sent an iron rod through his brain left him alive, but completely altered in personality. This is Phineas Gage, a man who worked as a foreman in railroad construction until the accident made him lash out in angry bursts, unable to concentrate on tasks, and basically turned him into a different person. Part description of this incredible accident and part look at how this came to be a huge breakthrough in what doctors and neuroscientists understand about the working of the human brain, readers will enjoy the shock and awe of Phineas' incredible story, as well as learning about medical conditions and practices in the mid-19th century and how the brain works.

Fleischman, J. (2002). Phineas Gage. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Impressions:

After learning about Phineas Gage in introductory psychology classes at William and Mary, when I saw this on my class reading list, I jumped at the chance to learn more. The book tells Phineas' story in the present active voice from the first sentence, "The most unlucky/lucky moment in the life of Phineas Gage is only a minute or two away," (Fleischman, 2002, p. 1). It gives readers the feel of how the accident went down, and it's truly one of those stories that, although somewhat horrific, is interesting in only the way that terrible accidents can be-- like watching a car accident. But it's not painted in an overly graphic way. Instead, the tone is scientific, and gives great background of the medical practices at the time, as well as information on different kinds of brain injuries, and a history of how doctors learned about the presence of cells and bacteria. After Phineas Gage's obvious wounds were patched, he began acting in a way completely unlike his old self. He was rude, indecisive, crass, foul-mouthed, and angry. He lost his ability to interact socially. He ended up dying 11 years later from seizures that were probably another consequence of his brain injury from long ago. This remarkable story is not one to miss for any one-- children to adult-- who want to hear an incredible story of a man's accident and understand how the brain works. Alternating text with photographs and diagrams of the brain, this book makes non-fiction engaging and interesting. Complete with a glossary of terms, a list of resources for further reading, and a detailed index, this would be a great book for casual reading or for research.

Professional Reviews:

"Gr.
7-10. Railroad foreman and blasting expert Phineas Gage was hard at
work in 1848 when an improperly prepared charge of gunpowder rocketed a
three-foot-long iron rod through his brain. Bloodied and blackened,
Gage remained coherent and surprisingly relaxed as he rode an oxcart
back to town to get help. He survived the accident for nearly a dozen
years, though his personality changed drastically: the once amiable man
became crude and argumentative. The author combines this
believe-it-or-not story with a history of brain research, including
everything from phrenology to high-tech tools. The text is vivid,
though curiosity seekers drawn in by the promise of a gruesome story
will get bogged down in heavier sections on brain physiology and
chemistry. The illustrations are well captioned but don't have enough
visual interest to attract browsers for more than a moment. Report
writers and science buffs will be the book's best audience. A glossary
and an annotated bibliography help make this a terrific resource."

Meyer, R. (2002, March 1). [Review of the book Phineas Gage, by J. Fleischman]. Booklist. Retrieved from http://www.booklistonline.com/

"The fascinating story of the construction foreman who survived
for 10 years after a 13-pound iron rod shot through his brain.
Fleischman relates Gage's "horrible accident" and the subsequent events
in the present tense, giving immediacy to the text. He avoids
sensationalizing by letting the events themselves carry the impact. The
straightforward description of Gage calmly chatting on a porch 30
minutes after the accident, for example, comes across as horrifying and
amazing. The author presents scientific background in a conversational
style and jumps enthusiastically into such related topics as
phrenology, 19th-century medical practices, and the history of
microbiology. He shows how Gage's misfortune actually played an
intriguing and important role in the development of our knowledge of
the brain. The present-tense narrative may cause occasional confusion,
since it spans several time periods and dates are not always
immediately apparent from the text. Illustrations include historical
photographs; one showing the iron bar posed dramatically next to Gage's
skull is particularly impressive. Other photos and diagrams help
explain the workings of the brain. The work of Gage expert Malcolm
Macmillan, cited in the list of resources, seems the likely main source
for the quotes and details of Gage's life, but this is not clearly
spelled out in the text or appendixes. Like Penny Colman's Corpses,
Coffins, and Crypts (Holt, 1997) and James M. Deem's Bodies from the
Bog (Houghton, 1998), Phineas Gage brings a scientific viewpoint to a
topic that will be delightfully gruesome to many readers."

Englefried, Steven. (2002, March 1). [Review of the book Phineas Gage, by J. Fleischman]. School Library Journal. Retrieved from http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/

Other Uses:

Use this book in a book talk to introduce older children and teens to nonfiction books that might interest them. In this book talk, I would center my books around books that revolve around science, but also the horrific, because these tend to hook reluctant readers. Here are several options of other books to include in such a book talk. Book with pictures and diagrams are often good choices here because reluctant readers can sometimes be overwhelmed by text.

Phineas Gage: A Gruesome but True Story About Brain Science, by John Fleischman

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About Me

Library Branch Manager. Master's in Library and Information Science from UNT, with a Graduate Certificate in Youth Services, and I have my BA in Classical Studies from the College of William and Mary (AKA Nerdimus Maximus).