Age-Adjusted
Pneumonia and Influenza Death Rates by Race and Sex
Michigan and United States Residents, 1980-
2015

Michigan

Year

All Races

White

Black

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

1980

28.2

38.3

21.9

27.1

36.4

21.6

36.5

55.1

23.5

1981

26.2

37.0

19.9

25.2

35.4

19.5

34.1

49.5

23.1

1982

25.4

36.4

19.1

24.9

35.7

18.7

28.9

41.3

20.3

1983

30.9

41.2

24.4

30.0

39.6

24.1

39.0

55.4

27.3

1984

29.0

40.9

22.1

28.3

40.1

21.6

35.4

47.1

27.2

1985

31.9

43.8

25.1

31.6

43.9

24.9

32.3

42.4

25.4

1986

35.5

47.5

28.6

35.2

47.4

28.4

36.0

46.9

28.9

1987

32.6

43.2

26.8

32.0

42.3

26.5

36.6

48.8

28.6

1988

36.4

50.1

29.0

36.2

50.0

29.0

36.0

49.9

27.2

1989

35.0

46.7

28.4

34.4

45.8

28.3

38.3

53.2

27.6

1990

37.6

51.4

30.0

37.1

50.8

29.7

37.9

54.8

27.4

1991

35.0

47.1

28.0

34.3

46.6

27.5

38.1

48.5

30.8

1992

33.2

44.9

26.7

32.6

44.1

26.5

35.1

49.9

25.1

1993

35.9

47.8

29.0

34.7

46.2

28.3

41.7

58.3

30.5

1994

33.9

45.6

27.3

32.6

43.8

26.5

43.2

61.6

31.8

1995

34.7

44.9

29.0

33.6

42.8

28.7

42.8

63.5

29.6

1996

34.0

44.5

28.1

32.6

42.0

27.4

43.0

63.6

31.2

1997

31.2

42.0

24.9

30.0

40.9

23.9

39.2

49.9

32.2

1998

33.6

43.2

27.9

32.4

41.2

27.3

43.8

58.9

33.3

Note:
The manner in which underlying cause of death is coded and classified
was revised in 1999 to reflect changing medical opinion and practice.
The comparability between classification
schemes for this particular cause of death is lower (0.70),
meaning that caution should be taken in drawing specific inferences from comparisons of
mortality statistics over time.

1999

24.5

30.5

21.1

23.9

29.9

20.6

28.6

35.4

24.3

2000

19.3

23.6

16.8

18.6

22.5

16.5

23.5

30.8

18.5

2001

21.3

26.7

18.2

20.5

25.6

17.5

28.0

37.1

22.4

2002

20.4

25.8

17.3

19.9

24.9

17.0

24.1

34.2

18.6

2003

19.3

22.7

17.2

18.8

22.0

16.9

22.0

28.6

17.9

2004

19.3

22.9

17.3

18.5

21.6

16.8

23.6

32.1

18.8

2005

18.9

22.8

16.6

18.6

22.3

16.4

19.6

25.0

16.6

2006

15.8

19.5

13.5

15.4

18.7

13.3

18.7

26.2

14.3

2007

15.1

18.6

13.0

14.3

17.6

12.4

20.3

26.9

16.3

2008

17.1

20.8

14.7

16.3

19.5

14.3

22.5

31.0

17.1

2009

13.8

17.1

11.8

13.5

16.8

11.5

16.1

20.3

13.5

2010

13.5

16.8

11.4

12.8

15.8

10.9

19.0

25.6

14.8

2011

15.0

18.3

12.9

14.6

17.6

12.7

17.2

21.8

13.9

2012

13.3

16.0

11.5

13.2

15.8

11.5

13.7

16.6

11.5

2013

15.7

19.0

13.5

15.4

18.4

13.2

17.7

20.9

15.5

2014

15.3

18.6

13.1

14.6

17.9

12.4

20.5

23.8

18.2

2015

15.0

18.3

12.8

14.5

17.3

12.5

19.8

26.9

15.1

United States

Year

All Races

White

Black

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

1980

31.4

42.1

25.1

30.9

41.1

25.0

34.4

49.9

23.9

1981

30.0

40.4

23.8

29.7

39.8

23.9

31.4

46.0

21.3

1982

26.5

37.1

20.4

26.2

36.7

20.3

27.6

40.4

18.9

1983

29.8

40.7

23.5

29.6

40.3

23.6

29.9

44.9

20.0

1984

30.6

42.0

24.1

30.3

41.4

24.2

32.2

47.1

22.4

1985

34.5

46.8

27.6

34.3

46.3

27.6

35.8

51.6

25.5

1986

34.8

47.3

27.8

34.5

46.6

27.8

37.2

54.2

26.5

1987

33.8

45.4

27.1

33.5

44.8

27.2

35.5

52.2

25.0

1988

37.3

49.2

30.4

37.1

48.8

30.6

38.1

54.5

27.7

1989

35.9

46.7

29.7

35.4

45.7

29.6

39.7

55.5

29.6

1990

36.8

47.8

30.5

36.4

47.1

30.5

39.4

55.9

29.1

1991

34.9

45.6

28.9

34.5

44.9

28.8

37.5

52.5

28.5

1992

33.1

43.5

27.2

32.8

42.8

27.2

35.5

49.9

26.7

1993

35.2

45.4

29.4

34.9

44.7

29.4

37.8

52.1

29.0

1994

33.9

43.6

28.4

33.6

42.9

28.4

35.8

49.5

27.7

1995

33.8

42.9

28.4

33.3

42.1

28.3

36.8

50.0

28.8

1996

33.2

41.7

28.2

32.8

40.8

28.2

36.7

50.5

28.2

1997

33.6

42.0

28.6

33.3

41.5

28.5

36.0

47.7

28.9

1998

34.6

42.3

29.9

34.4

41.7

30.0

37.0

48.5

29.7

Note:
The manner in which underlying cause of death is coded and classified
was revised in 1999 to reflect changing medical opinion and practice.
The comparability between classification
schemes for this particular cause of death is lower (0.70),
meaning that caution should be taken in drawing specific inferences from comparisons of
mortality statistics over time.

1999

23.6

28.0

20.8

23.4

27.7

20.8

25.6

32.4

21.3

2000

23.7

28.1

20.9

23.5

27.7

20.9

25.8

32.7

21.4

2001

22.0

26.6

19.2

21.7

26.0

19.1

24.1

32.3

19.4

2002

22.6

27.0

19.9

22.6

26.7

19.9

24.0

30.8

20.0

2003

22.0

26.1

19.4

21.9

25.7

19.5

23.3

30.9

18.7

2004

19.8

23.7

17.3

19.6

23.3

17.2

22.3

29.1

18.2

2005

20.3

23.9

17.9

20.2

23.6

18.0

21.7

26.9

18.4

2006

17.8

21.2

15.5

17.7

20.9

15.5

19.6

24.4

16.7

2007

16.2

19.3

14.2

16.0

18.9

14.1

18.4

23.6

15.2

2008

16.9

19.9

15.0

16.7

19.5

14.9

18.9

23.2

16.1

2009

16.2

19.4

14.1

16.0

19.1

14.0

18.1

22.9

15.5

2010

15.1

18.2

13.1

14.9

17.8

13.0

16.8

21.3

14.1

2011

15.7

18.8

13.7

15.6

18.6

13.7

16.8

20.6

14.6

2012

14.4

17.3

12.5

14.3

17.0

12.5

15.7

19.8

13.3

2013

15.9

18.6

14.0

15.8

18.3

14.0

16.7

20.8

14.2

2014

15.1

17.8

13.2

15.1

17.6

13.3

16.1

20.0

13.7

2015

15.2

17.7

13.5

15.2

17.4

13.6

15.9

19.8

13.3

Note:

Age-adjusted death rates are based on age-specific death rates per 100,000 population in specified group. Age-adjusted death rates are computed by the direct method, using as the standard population the age distribution of the total population of the United States for the year 2000.

The underlying cause of death
is the condition giving rise to the chain of events leading to death. Between
January 1, 1979 and December 31, 1998, the underlying causes of death were classified
in accordance with the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases
(ICD-9), a coding structure developed by the World
Health Organization. Starting January 1, 1999, causes of death were classified
using the Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10).
With each revision there are
differences in classifying the underlying cause of death. Therefore, health statistics
based on one revision are not directly comparable to the other revision without
the use of comparability
ratios.

Before 1999, Pneumonia and Influenza deaths were classified with ICD-9 codes
480-487.
Between 1999-2008, influenza and pneumonia deaths were classified using ICD-10 codes J10-J18.
Starting in 2009, Pneumonia and Influenza deaths were classified using ICD-10 codes J09-J18.

Prior to rate calculations, death records with race not stated were
randomly allocated to the white and black groups based on the proportion of Michigan
Resident deaths in each of the racial categories for that year. Records
with sex not stated were randomly assigned to male and female (50 percent each).
Records with age not stated were allocated to the age group 85 and over.