Whale researchers are keeping close watch on an endangered orca that has spent the past week keeping her dead calf afloat in Pacific Northwest waters, a display that has struck an emotional chord around the world and highlighted the plight of a declining population that has not had a successful birth since 2015.

Researchers have observed the 20-year-old whale known as J35 pushing her dead young along and propping it up while swimming for miles in the waters of Washington state and B.C. The calf died July 24 shortly after it was born. Its mother was seen Tuesday night still clinging to the dead calf off B.C.’s Gulf Islands, said Jenny Atkinson, executive director of the Whale Museum on San Juan Island.

Experts say the orca and other family members travelling with her are grieving or mourning. And while it isn’t uncommon for whales and dolphins to mourn their young, they say, it’s unusual that it has been going on for so long.

“She’s doing fine,” said Ken Balcomb, the senior whale scientist at the Center For Whale Research. “She’s looking good. It will take almost a month before you see signs of emaciation in the mother. At present there’s no indication she’s got a problem. She does have a son that is helping feed her, I think.”

He said it’s unclear if the whale is still pushing her calf because the pod hasn’t been seen since Monday night. Windy conditions prevented researchers, including the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, from getting out Wednesday to observe the female killer whale and its pod, said Balcomb.

The southern resident orcas that frequent West Coast waters don’t normally stay in one place for too long and the mother’s behaviour since the calf’s death last month is not usual, he said.

“Usually we just see them briefly and then they are gone,” said Balcomb. “It’s pretty unusual she’s in the area for a week and pushing the baby the entire time. Yes, that’s unusual.”

“There’s evidence that cetaceans such as dolphins and whales are often attending to dead bodies. Sometimes, it’s because of curiosity or exploration and not necessarily emotion. Other mother dolphins and whales have kept their calves buoyant,” said Barbara King, professor emerita of anthropology at the College of William and Mary and author of “How Animals Grieve.”

“What’s different about J35 is her persistence,” she said, but then asked: “How resilient can she be? How long can she keep this up? Is she eating? Is she taking care of herself?”

The orca and her closely knit pod of whales have been observed taking turns carrying the dead calf, Atkinson said. A crew with the museum’s Soundwatch boater education program has been spending about 11 hours each day tracking J-35, also called Tahlequah, and making sure boaters give the whales distance.

Researchers have collected poop samples from the group of whales that includes the grieving mother. They are preparing to try to recover the dead calf to understand more about why it died.

In this file photo taken Tuesday, July 24, 2018, provided by the Center for Whale Research, a baby orca whale is being pushed by her mother after being born off the Canada coast near Victoria, British Columbia. Whale researchers are keeping close watch on an endangered orca that has spent the past week carrying and keeping her dead calf afloat in Pacific Northwest waters. The display has struck an emotional chord around the world and highlighted the plight of the declining population of southern resident killer whales that has not seen a successful birth since 2015.Michael Weiss /
AP

Meanwhile, the images of the whale balancing the dead orca have captivated the public and garnered global attention.

“There’s an optic that’s more powerful than any other statistic. It’s a picture of what we can assume is a heartbroken mother who herself is necessary and precious to this population,” said Jason Colby, professor of environmental history at the University of Victoria and author of “Orca: How We Came to Know and Love the Ocean’s Greatest Predator.”

Not long ago, killer whales were shot at and later captured live for marine parks, but “now we’re seeing the extraordinary spectacle that is exactly the opposite — the emotional public outpouring and sharing in this mother’s grief,” he said.

The distinctive black-and-white orcas have struggled since they were listed as an endangered species in the U.S. and Canada over a decade ago. They’re not getting enough of the large, fatty chinook salmon that make up their main diet. They also face overlapping threats from toxic contamination and noise and disturbances from boats that can interfere with their ability to forage or communicate.

Female orcas have been having pregnancy problems because of nutritional stress linked to lack of salmon. A multi-year study last year by the University of Washington and other researchers found that two-thirds of the orcas’ pregnancies failed between 2007 and 2014.

The dead calf was the first born in three years among the fish-eating southern resident killer whales that typically spend spring to fall in the inland waters of Washington state and British Columbia.

There are now only 75 whales, the lowest number in three decades, and researchers are worried about the fate of a four-year-old female orca known as J-50 that looks thin and emaciated.

The resident orcas are distinct from other killer whales because they eat salmon, mostly chinook, which are also declining, rather than marine mammals. Individual whales are identified by unique markings or variations in their fin shapes, and each whale is given a number and name.

Deborah Giles, a scientist with the University of Washington’s Center for Conservation Biology, has observed the grieving mother whale in recent days. At times the whale dives into the water to retrieve her calf when it sinks, retrieves it and pushes the calf back to the surface.

“Sometimes she’s on her own with that calf, but a lot of the time, she’s with her mom and her son and another relative. Her family has been right by her,” Giles said.

Giles said she worries for the mother, who must expend a lot of energy to keep the dead calf afloat.

King, the author, said one reason the story is touching such an emotional chord for people around the world is because it’s a poignant example of a mother’s behaviour with her dead calf that’s unusual and it’s tied to the decline of her population.

“She’s a thinking, feeling animal,” King said, “but also in my mind becoming a symbol of what we’re doing wrong.”

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