3. In humans, hemophilia and red/green colorblindness are both due to sex-linked recessive alleles. The dominant alleles produce normal blood and normal vision. A hemophilia, colorblind male marries a non-hemophiliac, normal-visioned female, whose father had hemophilia and colorblindness. What kinds of offspring would they be expected to produce and in what ratios?

All you have to do is use the laws of probability to determine the ratios by multiplying the individual probabilities together.

Some hints:1. The male must carry the recessive colorblindness and hemophilia allele because he is color-blind and has hemophilia2. Since the female's father was a hemophiliac and colorblind, he must have passed on these two recessive alleles to his daughter. Since the daughter is neither colorblind nor a hemophiliac, she must be heterozygous at both loci.

Set up two punnet squares, and figure out the probabilities. Then simply multiply them together.

If you were to trying to determine them individually (which is much easier), than you have to think of what each parent has to offer: for example, in colorblindness, the father can either give X^c or Y and the mother can give X^C or X^c. Those children who wind up XY will be male and those with XX will be female and if they have at least one C they will not be colorblind (note that a male only needs one recessive gene to show the trait because there is nothing on the Y).

Timmai wrote:3. In humans, hemophilia and red/green colorblindness are both due to sex-linked recessive alleles. The dominant alleles produce normal blood and normal vision. A hemophilia, colorblind male marries a non-hemophiliac, normal-visioned female, whose father had hemophilia and colorblindness. What kinds of offspring would they be expected to produce and in what ratios?how do you do a dihybrid cross with two sex traits? thanks

Break down information to points of facts:

1. Both conditions sex linked => on X chromosome

2. Both recessive => pronounced in males as they are hemizygous for x chromosome.Thus, “a non-hemophiliac, normal-visioned female, whose father had hemophilia and colorblindness” means that she is heterozygous, Xx, where x caries both hemophilia and colorblindness inherited from her father.

3. “A hemophilia, colorblind male” can ONLY mean that his genotype is xY where x caries recessives for both conditions.

4. Now you can do a cross of xY (“A hemophilia, colorblind male”) and Xx (“a non-hemophiliac, normal-visioned female, whose father had hemophilia and colorblindness”).

When you do this cross, you will find that 1) in this case two alleles are linked and, therefore, 2) ratios of this cross will depend on how closely they are linked.

5. If the alleles are closely linked and recombination frequency = 0, you do a simple cross of xY x Xx and get 50% normal and 50% hemophilia + colorblind.

6. If alleles are far apart, than you have recombination in the heterozygous female: