The signalling circuitry of direct nutrient sensing converges with that of hormones in the regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase, a driver of anabolism, cell growth and proliferation.

Uncastrated animals have greater development of muscle tissue by hormonal testicular testosterone production due to generating higher protein anabolism, and completing the maturity and fat deposition late when compared to castrated ones (CATTELAM et al.

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