Indicators

Patent Volume
Source: Derwent World Patents Index, Derwent Innovations Index The number of basic patents (patent families) filed by the organization. This is an indication of research output that has a potential for commercial value. The number is limited only to those patents that are registered with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).

Patent Success
Source: Derwent World Patents Index, Derwent Innovations Index The ratio of patent applications to grants over the assessed timeframe. This indicates the university’s success in filing applications that are then accepted.

Global Patents
Source: Derwent World Patents Index, Derwent Innovations Index The percentage of patents for which coverage was sought with the U.S., European and Japanese patent offices. Filing an international patent is an expensive and laborious process and filing in multiple countries or regions is an indication that the invention is considered to be nontrivial and has commercial value.

Patent Citations
Source: Patents Citation Index The total number of times a patent has been cited by other patents. As part of the patent inspection process, the patent office examiner will cite significant prior art. The number of times a patent has been cited is an indication that it has an impact on other commercial R&D.

Patent Citation Impact
Source: Patents Citation Index This is an indication of how much impact a patent has had. Because it is a ratio (or average), it is not dependent on the size of the organization. Note that the indicator Percent of Patents Cited (listed below) is closely related to this indicator, therefore these two indicators are given half the weighting of all others.

Percent of Patents Cited
Source: Patents Citation Index This indicator is the proportion of patents that have been cited by other patents one or more times. As mentioned, it is closely tied to the Patent Citation Impact indicator.

Patent to Article Citation Impact
Source: Patents Citation Index, Derwent World Patents Index, Web of Science Core Collection Similar to Patent Citation Impact, this indicator measures the average number of times a journal article has been cited by patents. This unique indicator demonstrates that basic research conducted in an academic setting (as recorded in scholarly articles) has had influence and impact in the realm of commercial research & development (as measured by patents).

Industry Article Citation Impact
Source: Web of Science Core Collection Article-to-article citations are an established indicator of influence and research impact. By limiting the citing articles only to those from industry, this indicator reveals the influence and impact that basic research conducted in an academic setting has had on commercial research.

Percent of Industry Collaborative Articles
Source: Web of Science Core Collection The percentage of all articles of a university that contain one or more co-authors from a commercial entity. This indicator shows the percentage of research activity that is conducted in collaboration with industry, suggesting potential future economic impact of the research project jointly undertaken.

Total Web of Science Core Collection Papers
Source: Web of Science Core Collection The total number of journal articles published by the organization. This is a size-dependent measure of the research output of the university.

Final Score
The indicators were used to rank each of the universities and the composite score was achieved by summing the ranks for each criterion for each university. Each indicator was weighted equally with the exception of Patent Citation Impact and Percent of Patents Cited, which received 50 percent weighting each since they are closely related in measuring the same phenomenon.