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AP Government 19

AP Government - Chapter 19 Vocabulary

The rights of citizens to vote, to receive equal treatment before the aw, and to share equally with other citizens the benefits of public facilities.

Suspect classifications

Classifications of people on the basis of their race and ethnicity. The courts have rules that laws classifying people on these grounds will be subject to "strict scrutiny"

Jim Crow

A slang expression for African Americans that emerged in the 1820's and came to signify the laws and governmental practices designed to segregate blacks from whites, especially in the American south

Separate-but-Equal doctrine

The doctrine established in "Plessy v. Ferguson" in which the Supreme Court ruled that a state could provide "separate but equal" facilities for African Americans.

De-jure Segregation

Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies. Segregated schools as a result of state laws is an example

De-facto Segregation

Racial segreation in schools that occurs not because of laws or administrative decisons, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement. To the extent that blacks and whites live in separate neighborhoods, neighborhood schools will be segregated.

Nonviolent civil disobedience

A philosophy of oppsoing a law one considers unjust by peacefully vilating it and allowing oneself to be punished as a result.

Strict Scrutiny

The standard by which the Supreme Court judges classifications based on race. To be accepted such a classification must be closely related to a compelling public purpose.

Affirmative Action

The requirement, imposed by law or administrative regulation, that an organization, take positive steps to ncrease the number or proportion of women, African Americans, or other minorities in its membership.

Equality of opportunity

A view that it is wrong to use race or sex to discriminate against or give preferential treatment to minorities or women.

Compensatory Action

an action designed to help members of disadvantaged groups, especially minorites and women, catch up, usually by giving them extra education, training, or services.