Monday, March 24, 2014

The Outcome of a Maimed Consciousness

On July 1, 1863, Sarah Garland Emery of Canterbury, New
Hampshire, had a morbid dream. Her husband, Charles, was off at the front, serving with the 12th New Hampshire Infantry. Although she did not know
it, the Battle of Gettysburg was about to begin and that battle was about to
claim the life of one of her husband’s closest friends, Lieutenant Henry
French. Sarah Emery remembered,

It was the night before the battle of Gettysburg, a night
never to be forgotten by me, that I had the strange dream, or vision, for it
did not seem like a dream, that told me plainer than tongue or pen, and as
unmistakably as my own eyes, the fate that awaited my husband and his brother
comrade, Lieutenant French. They were . . . schoolmates together, and enlisted
from the same neighborhood. I was then stopping here in London [N. H.] with my
own folks, and though expecting from newspaper reports that a battle would be
fought in a few days, did not know that the two great armies were rapidly
concentrating at Gettysburg, and that advanced forces were already engaged on
that historic field. I therefore retired that night with nothing more than
usual to worry or excite me.

Sometime during the night I heard, as I thought, three or
four plain and distinct raps on the outside of the front door. Changing my
first impulse to arouse the other inmates of the house, I decided not to
disturb them, as they gave no sound of being awake, but to answer the summons
myself. Hastily dressing, I took the lamp I had lighted in my hand, and
descending the front stairs unlocked and opened the door.

There, sad, solemn, and silent, but in perfect lifelike form,
countenance, and attitude, and in full dress uniform, stood Lieut. Henry
French!

I spoke and extended my hand, but without heeding either, he
passed in by me through the hallway into the sitting-room, the door of which he
opened and closed after him. For the first time a feeling of dread chilled
through my veins, and I hesitated to follow. But something stronger than my
fears impelled me forward, and opening the door just closed, I entered the room
after him.

Here, in the middle of the room, I saw two coffins, both open
and empty, as I first thought, but upon approaching nearer I noticed that only
one was empty, while the other held what now seemed the pale face and lifeless
form of him who but a minute before stood and moved in life and strength before
me. As I gazed upon the empty coffin, a small stream of blood ran out of the
foot of it, and fell upon the floor, and something seemed to say: ‘This is for
Charles who, too, must give his life’s blood for his country, but his time has
not come yet.’

When Sarah Emery awoke the next morning, she confessed, “I lay for a long time, scarcely daring to believe that I was once more on the
conscious side of the dividing line.” A few days later, as news of the Battle
of Gettysburg spread through town, elements of her unusual dream came true. A
neighbor came by and informed her that Lieutenant French had indeed been killed.
Although Sarah Emery worried about the second coffin she had seen in her dream, she “thought [that] my
husband was all right, because his name was not in the list of killed or
wounded. A day or two later and a letter from his own hand left no longer room
for doubt that he had passed through the terrible carnage unscathed.”

Naturally, the dream continued to trouble her. Every day, Mrs. Emery fretted over the vision of the second
coffin, and as the days of July passed, her family wondered why she
continued to appear sad and remote. Emery remembered, “My husband was alive and well, but
the empty coffin was constantly before me, and there was but little more doubt
in my mind for whom it remained open, than there was whom I saw in the other
one.”

After Gettysburg, the 12th New Hampshire received
a transfer to Point Lookout, Maryland, where, for several months, Lieutenant
Charles Emery and his comrades guarded Confederate prisoners. In April 1864,
the 12th New Hampshire joined the 18th Corps and soon
it participated in Benjamin Butler’s Bermuda Hundred Campaign. Then, in late May,
it rejoined the Army of the Potomac just in time for the Battle of Cold Harbor.
In the infamous frontal assault on June 3, 1864, the 12th New
Hampshire lost 177 officers and men. As the news of the regiment’s redeployment reached friends and family back home, Sarah Emery
worried that the prophesy was about to come true. She continued:

I now seemed to anticipate afresh that the sad end, so long
delayed, was soon to come; and a nervous feeling of impending danger too
plainly told me that the worst was about to be realized. A few days later and I
received another and the last letter ever written by him for whose safe return
I had so long waited and prayed in vain. It was written on the night and in the
early morning before the terrible charge of Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864.

He had commenced the letter on the evening of the second, and
wrote that the morrow would again bring carnage and death into the ranks of the
Twelfth, and that he felt that he should not again be among the lucky few who
would escape unharmed. About midnight he wrote again, saying he was sure he
should fall, but whether he should be killed on the field or receive his mortal
wound he could not tell. Toward morning, and but a short time before the
charge, he finished the letter, stating that in answer to his prayers he had
then the assurance that although the bitter cup must be drunk for the redemption
of his country, as his great Captain had drunk his for the redemption of the
world, yet he should not be killed outright, but should live to see me once
more at least before he died.

This was enough, for I knew his presentiment must prove true,
and with a hasty preparation I immediately started for Washington and found my
husband there in one of the large hospitals, prostrate and weak from the
nervous shock and loss of blood from two severe wounds, one in his left arm and
the other in his right thigh.

Now followed days and nights of watching and praying, while
life and death seemed balancing in the scales, until at last the physicians
spoke encouragingly, and thought the danger well nigh passed. His arm had been
taken off, and the stump was healing so well that he, too, was beginning to
entertain strong hopes of final recovery and the enjoyment of many happy days
with me in our pleasant cottage home.

We had talked over our trials in the past and our hopes for
the future; he had told me of the battles he had been in, and of his narrow
escapes; and several times spoke of the great battle of Gettysburg, and the
death of Lieutenant French, and of how he had saved the national colors of his
regiment from capture in that battle. When told that I had never before heard
anything about his saving the flag, he seemed surprised, and wondered that
Adjutant Heath, who went, you know, from the same town, had never written home
about it.

He then related to me briefly the circumstances, and said: ‘If
I should not live to get home, Heath, I have no doubt, will make known the
facts about it and see that full justice is done me.’

He also talked to me freely all about the strange premonition
he had the night before he was wounded, how deeply it impressed him, and how
glad and thankful he was and ought to be that he was not killed, like so many
of the brave boys around him, but was still alive with the chances daily
increasing of his seeing his native hills once more, and there living to enjoy
the blessings of peace which he had given his own blood and limbs to secure.

During all this time, nearly two months, I said nothing of my
own warning more than a year before, and, although it was almost constantly in
my mind, I carefully avoided saying or doing anything to awaken in his mind a
suspicion that I did not share with him his often expressed and most sanguine
hopes of his final recovery.

And, to tell the fact, he had lived so long and improved so
much, that, at times, the desire to have it so was so strong, I thought I could
see a silver lining to the dark cloud of fear and doubt that had for many
months hung over me; but it would soon disappear and leave a still deeper shade
of gloom, that no ray of hope could penetrate or dispel. But the days and
nights of anxious waiting and watching were at last nearly numbered, and the
final, fatal hour was fast approaching. As well and hopeful as usual, my
husband had closed his eyes in peaceful, quiet rest; but something of the same
dread feeling of impending danger that I had felt once or twice before, as you
will remember, came over me, and I could not sleep.

Soon I was summoned to his bedside, and I knew, even before I
could get there, that the dread messenger had come. I found him, slowly but
surely, bleeding to death! Secondary hemorrhage from his wound in the groin,
caused by the sloughing open of one of the femoral arteries, had broken out,
and there was no power in medical skill to stop it.

Just as he breathed his last, a stream of blood ran from off
the foot of his bed upon the floor, just as I had seen it run out the foot of
the empty coffin, and the realization of my vision was then and there sadly and
solemnly consummated.

A shrewd historian might dismiss this account as sanctimonious
rubbish, but I’m not so skeptical of it. Psychologist James Sully once explained
dreams as revelations, or as he put it, “the outcome of a maimed consciousness.”
Oddly enough, Sully explained dreams as an attachment to humankind’s primordial
past—which really doesn’t fit here—but he made it clear that dreams are
revelations of truths that the conscious mind refuses to accept. In Sarah Emery’s
case, she refused to accept the possibility that her husband could die in the war. Thus, her 1863
dream was the response of her subconscious mind; it prepared her for the possibility of his death. Her dream did not
predict the future so much as it revealed it, exactly as Sully explained. In any case, her dream happened. It was a real event
and we should not doubt the veracity of her account.

More to the point: what a wild window into the human mind! To me, Sarah Emery’s story suggests that, in war, dreams are far
more illuminating—and far more didactic—than in times of peace. This dream maimed her consciousness in such a way that she never forgot it.

Thanks, David! Believe it or not, this account is easy to track down. It comes from Asa Bartlett's History of the Twelfth Regiment, pp. 346-49. It is in a section entitled, "Presentiments and Visions."