Abstract

Blockchains are distributed data structures that are used to achieve consensus in systems for cryptocurrencies (like Bitcoin) or smart contracts (like Ethereum). Although blockchains gained a lot of popularity recently, there are only few logic-based models for blockchains available. We introduce \(\mathsf {BCL}\), a dynamic logic to reason about blockchain updates, and show that \(\mathsf {BCL}\) is sound and complete with respect to a simple blockchain model.

Keywords

Blockchain Modal logic Dynamic epistemic logic

T. Studer—Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 200021_165549.

Notes

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Eveline Lehmann and Nenad Savic for carefully reading a previous version of this paper. We also thank the anonymous referees for many valuable comments that helped to improve this paper.