This volume contains eleven essays by eminent scholars which focus on Newton's theology, his study of alchemy, the early reception of Newtonianism, and the history of Newton scholarship. It includes unique accounts of the attempts over the last quarter of the twentieth century, to publish Sir Isaac Newton's theological manuscripts, including an essay by the eminent historian of philosophy, Richard H. Popkin, regarding his involvement in this enterprise, as well as essays by Rob Iliffe and Scott Mandelbrote, the founding Editorial Directors of the Newton Manuscript Project, recently set up to publish Newton's unpublished manuscripts for the first time. The volume also features the emerging interpretations of Newton's seminal theological thought, and its relationship to his scientific work, as well as other important essays which illuminate Newton's influence upon so many of the complex and seemingly paradoxical patterns of the Enlightenment.