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Immunodeficiency-55 is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, natural killer (NK) cell deficiency, and chronic neutropenia. Most patients also have postnatal growth retardation. Other clinical manifestations include mild facial dysmorphism, dry or eczematous skin, and recurrent infections with both viruses and bacteria. The disorder appears to result from a defect in DNA replication causing blockade of immune cell differentiation in the bone marrow, particularly affecting NK cells (summary by Cottineau et al., 2017).

COMBINED IMMUNODEFICIENCY DUE TO GINS1 DEFICIENCY Is also known as cid due to gins1 deficiency|combined immunodeficiency with intrauterine growth retardation-natural killer cell deficiency-neutropenia|combined immunodeficiency with intrauterine growth retardation-nk cell deficiency-neutropenia

Mosaic variegated aneuploidy is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mosaic aneuploidies, predominantly trisomies and monosomies, involving multiple different chromosomes and tissues. The proportion of aneuploid cells varies but is usually more than 25% and is substantially greater than in normal individuals. Affected individuals typically present with severe intrauterine growth retardation and microcephaly. Eye anomalies, mild dysmorphism, variable developmental delay, and a broad spectrum of additional congenital abnormalities and medical conditions may also occur. The risk of malignancy is high, with rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms tumor, and leukemia reported in several cases (summary by Hanks et al., 2004). Genetic Heterogeneity of Mosaic Variegated Aneuploidy SyndromeSee also MVA2 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the CEP57 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 11q21, and MVA3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TRIP13 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 5p15.

MOSAIC VARIEGATED ANEUPLOIDY SYNDROME 1; MVA1 Is also known as mva syndrome

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited red blood cell aplasia that usually presents in the first year of life. The main features are normochromic macrocytic anemia, reticulocytopenia, and nearly absent erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. Patients show growth retardation, and approximately 30 to 50% have craniofacial, upper limb, heart, and urinary system congenital malformations. The majority of patients have increased mean corpuscular volume, elevated erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity, and persistence of hemoglobin F. However, some DBA patients do not exhibit these findings, and even in the same family, symptoms can vary between affected family members (summary by Landowski et al., 2013). Genetic Heterogeneity of Diamond-Blackfan AnemiaA locus for DBA (DBA2 ) has been mapped to chromosome 8p23-p22. Other forms of DBA include DBA3 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS24 gene (OMIM ) on 10q22; DBA4 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS17 gene (OMIM ) on 15q; DBA5 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL35A gene (OMIM ) on 3q29; DBA6 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL5 gene (OMIM ) on 1p22.1; DBA7 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL11 gene (OMIM ) on 1p36; DBA8 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS7 gene (OMIM ) on 2p25; DBA9 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS10 gene (OMIM ) on 6p; DBA10 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS26 (OMIM ) gene on 12q; DBA11 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL26 gene (OMIM ) on 17p13; DBA12 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL15 gene (OMIM ) on 3p24; DBA13 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS29 gene (OMIM ) on 14q; DBA14 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the TSR2 gene (OMIM ) on Xp11; DBA15 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS28 gene (OMIM ) on 19p13; DBA16 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPL27 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 17q21; and DBA17 (OMIM ), caused by mutation in the RPS27 gene (OMIM ) on chromosome 1q21.Boria et al. (2010) reviewed the molecular basis of Diamond-Blackfan anemia, emphasizing that it is a disorder of defective ribosome synthesis.Gazda et al. (2012) completed a large-scale screen of 79 ribosomal protein genes in families with Diamond-Blackfan anemia and stated that of the 10 known DBA-associated genes, RPS19 accounts for approximately 25% of patients; RPS24, 2%; RPS17, 1%; RPL35A, 3.5%; RPL5, 6.6%; RPL11, 4.8%; RPS7, 1%; RPS10, 6.4%; RPS26, 2.6%; and RPL26, 1%. Gazda et al. (2012) stated that in total these mutations account for approximately 54% of all DBA patients.In a study of 98 Japanese patients with DBA, Wang et al. (2015) detected probable causative mutations or large deletions in ribosomal protein genes in 56 (55%) of the patients, involving the RPS19 gene in 16 patients, RPL5 in 12, RPS17 in 7, RPL35A in 7, RPL11 in 5, and RPS26 in 4; RPS7, RPS10, RPL27, and RPS27 were each mutated in 1 patient.

Nijmegen breakage syndrome is a rare genetic disease presenting at birth with microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features, becoming more noticeable with age, growth delay, and later-onset complications such as malignancies and infections.

Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a rare ectodermal dysplasia that often presents with the classic triad of nail dysplasia, skin pigmentary changes, and oral leukoplakia associated with a high risk of bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer.

DYSKERATOSIS CONGENITA Is also known as dkc|dc|dyskeratosis congenita, scoggins type|zinsser-engman-cole syndrome

Baller-Gerold syndrome is characterized by the association of coronal craniosynostosis with radial ray anomalies (oligodactyly, aplasia or hypoplasia of the thumb, aplasia or hypoplasia of the radius).

BALLER-GEROLD SYNDROME Is also known as craniosynostosis-radial aplasia syndrome|craniosynostosis with radial defects

Mendelian tool does not provide medical advice. It is intended for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. It does not diagnose, it produces a ranked list of suspected genes which provide assistance for rare hereditary disease cases. Patients should discuss their findings with their healthcare provider. MendelTest does not intend to diagnose patients. It is providing information in order for patients to find and get better management of expert certified clinical assistance. This service is using Human Phenotype Ontology (Build #1700 - Oct 2017). Find out more at www.human-phenotype-ontology.org.

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