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Tu primer blogMon, 19 Nov 2018 23:10:51 GMT10Primer blog : Primer bloghttp://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1.htm
What Are The Warning Signs Of Calcaneal SpurPrimer blog2015-09-28T19:29:42Z<img class='alignright' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://www.foot-pain-explained.com/images/heelfracture.png' width='252' alt='Inferior Calcaneal Spur'/><br /><br><br><b>Overview</b><br /><br><br>The heel bone is the largest bone in the foot and absorbs the most amount of shock and pressure. A heel spur develops as an abnormal growth of the heel bone. Calcium deposits form when the plantar fascia pulls away from the heel area, causing a bony protrusion, or heel spur to develop. The plantar fascia is a broad band of fibrous tissue located along the bottom surface of the foot that runs from the heel to the forefoot. Heel spurs can cause extreme pain in the rearfoot, especially while standing or walking.<br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>Bone spurs can occur all over the body including the spine, shoulders, hands, hips and feet. The feet are a common place to find them. A heel spur happens when the body tries to mend itself. Building extra bone is one way your body tries to correct a weakness. Wearing shoes that are too tight in the heel can cause bone spurs. More women than men get heel spurs because of the kinds of shoes they wear. Athletes who stress their feet and legs routinely are also prone to heel spurs. Being overweight can also indirectly cause heel spurs by over-exerting the plantar fascia. Some heel spurs are caused by the aging process, in which the cartilage covering the ends of bones wears away. This process can lead to pain, swelling and spur formation. Stress-related problems with the plantar fascia frequently lead to heel spurs.<br /><br><br><img class='alignright' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Calcaneus_Fracture.jpg/100px-Calcaneus_Fracture.jpg' width='250' alt='Inferior Calcaneal Spur'/><br /><br><br><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>Heel spurs are most noticeable in the morning when stepping out of bed. It can be described as sharp isolated pain directly below the heel. If left untreated heel spurs can grow and become problematic long-term.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>A thorough history and physical exam is always necessary for the proper diagnosis of heel spurs and other foot conditions. X rays of the heel area are helpful, as excess bone production will be visible.<br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Some heel spurs do require surgery, however surgery is a last resort. In most cases the patients underlying foot problem needs to be addressed, such as Over Pronation and Over Supination and Heel Pain Treatment Options need to be implemented if Plantar Fasciitis and Achilles Tendonitis are still an ongoing concern. Your best treatment is always prevention.<br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Sometimes bone spurs can be surgically removed or an operation to loosen the fascia, called a plantar fascia release can be performed. This surgery is about 80 percent effective in the small group of individuals who do not have relief with conservative treatment, but symptoms may return if preventative measures (wearing proper footwear, shoe inserts, stretching, etc) are not maintained.<br /><br><br><b>Prevention</b><br /><br><br>o help prevent heel and bone spurs, wear properly designed and fitted shoes or boots that provide sufficient room in the toe box so as not to compress the toes. They should also provide cushioning in appropriate areas to minimize the possibility of the irritation and inflammation that can lead to bone spurs in the feet. If needed, use inserts that provide arch support and a slight heel lift to help ensure that not too much stress is placed on the plantar fascia. This helps to reduce the possibility of inflammation and overstress. Wearing padded socks can also help by reducing trauma. Peer-reviewed, published studies have shown that wearing clinically-tested padded socks can help protect against injuries to the skin/soft tissue of the foot due to the effects of impact, pressure and shear forces. Also consider getting your gait analyzed by a foot health professional for appropriate orthotics. If you have heel pain, toe pain or top-of-the-foot pain, see your doctor or foot specialist to ensure that a spur has not developed.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/What-Are-The-Warning-Signs-Of-Calcaneal-Spur-b1-p14.htmWill A Posterior Calcaneal Spur Cause Pain?Primer blog2015-09-21T15:36:17Z<img class='alignleft' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://www.drdavidricher.com/images/calcaneal_fracture3.jpg' width='250' alt='Inferior Calcaneal Spur'/><br /><br><br><b>Overview</b><br /><br><br>Patients and doctors often confuse the terms heel spur and plantar fasciitis. While these two diagnoses are related, they are not the same. Plantar fasciitis refers to the inflammation of the plantar fascia--the tissue that forms the arch of the foot. A heel spur is a hook of bone that can form on the heel bone (calcaneus) and is associated with plantar fasciitis. About 70 percent of patients with plantar fasciitis have a heel spur that can be seen on an X-ray. However, many patients without symptoms of pain can have a heel spur. The exact relationship between plantar fasciitis and heel spurs is not entirely understood. Heel spurs are common in patients who have a history of foot pain caused by plantar fasciitis.<br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>The main cause of heel spur is calcium deposit under the heel bone. Building of calcium deposits can take place over several months. Heel spurs happens because of stress on the foot ligaments and muscles and continuous tearing of the membrane covering the heel bone. It also happens due to continuous stretching the plantar fascia. Heel spurs are mostly seen in case of athletes who has to do lots of jumping and running. The risk factors that may lead to heel spurs include aormalities in walking which place too much stress on the heel bone, nerves in the heel and ligaments. Poorly fitted shoes without the right arch support. Jogging and running on hard surfaces. Excess weight. Older age. Diabetes. Standing for a longer duration.<br /><br><br><img class='alignright' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://www.ptiorthotics.com/images/pics/calcaneal-apophysitis.png' width='253' alt='Posterior Calcaneal Spur'/><br /><br><br><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>Although it may take years to become a problem, once it appears, it may cause considerable suffering. Because of proximity to the tendons, the spur is a source of continuous painful aching. The sensation has been described as "a toothache in the foot." When you place your weight on the heel, the pain can be sufficient to immobilize you.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>The proper diagnosis of a heel spur often requires an X-ray. To make this process as convenient for his patients as possible, most clinics have an on-site digital X-ray and diagnostic ultrasound machines. This can make it unnecessary for patients to visit diagnostic imaging centers, allowing patients to receive more expedient treatment.<br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Treatment of Heel Spurs is the same as treatment of plantar fasciitis. To arrive at an accurate diagnosis, our foot and ankle Chartered Physiotherapists will obtain your medical history and examine your foot. Throughout this process the physio will rule out all the possible causes for your heel pain other than plantar fasciitis. The following treatment may be used. Orthotics/Insoles. Inflammation reduction. Mobilisation. Taping and Strapping. Rest.<br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Heel spur surgery should only be considered after less invasive treatment methods have been explored and ruled insufficient. The traditional surgical approach to treating heel spurs requires a scalpel cut to the bottom of the food which allows the surgeon to access the bone spur. Endoscopic plantar fasciotomies (EPF) involve one or two small incisions in the foot which allow the surgeon to access and operate on the bone spur endoscopically. Taking a surgical approach to heel spur treatment is a topic to explore with a foot and ankle specialist.<br /><br><br><b>Prevention</b><br /><br><br>Prevention of heel spur syndrome may be best by finding a good supportive shoe. Never go barefoot or wear a flat soled shoe. There are many over the counter arch supports that give increased support for your feet. Usually when there is excessive pronation the Achilles Tendon contracts or becomes shortened over time since it is not being used fully. The shortened Achilles Tendon is called an equinus deformity. By keeping this tendon stretched it may decrease some of the tension in the foot. Some theories believe the Achilles Tendon and plantar fascia is continuous. Before you get up from rest, stretch out your Achilles and the plantar fascia. You may attempt to spell the alphabet with your foot and ankle, use a towel against pressure on your foot, or roll a can of soup or sodapop on the ground. Ice may work well at the times of severe pain. For a chronic pain, or longer lasting pain heat therapy may improve the condition.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/Will-A-Posterior-Calcaneal-Spur-Cause-Pain-b1-p13.htmWhat Are Bursitis Of The Foot IndicatorsPrimer blog2015-08-28T17:27:30Z<b>Overview</b><br /><br><br>Heel bursitis is a common foot pain in athletes, and is often mistaken for Achilles tendinitis, although it can also occur together with Achilles tendinitis. Heel bursitis occurs when small cushions in the heel called bursas become inflamed and swell with fluid irritating surrounding tissue and pressing on nerves. Other names given to heel bursitis are Achilles bursitis and Retrocalcaneal bursitis.<br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>The following are some of the more common causes for heel bursitis. Overuse (common in runners and athletes). Running with the wrong footwear. A sudden impact to the foot. Repetitive stress. Underlying inflammatory condition (such as osteoarthritis).<br /><br><br><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>Pain at the back of the heel, especially when running uphill. Pain may get worse when rising on the toes (standing on tiptoes). Tenderness at the back of heel. Swelling at the back of heel.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>When a patient has pain in a joint, a careful physical examination is needed to determine what type of movement is affected and if there is any swelling present. Bursitis will not show up on x-rays, although sometimes there are also calcium deposits in the joint that can be seen. Inserting a thin needle into the affected bursa and removing (aspirating) some of the synovial fluid for examination can confirm the diagnosis. In most cases, the fluid will not be clear. It can be tested for the presence of microorganisms, which would indicate an infection, and crystals, which could indicate gout. In instances where the diagnosis is difficult, a local anesthetic (a drug that numbs the area) is injected into the painful spot. If the discomfort stops temporarily, then bursitis is probably the correct diagnosis.<br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>If not properly treated, a case of bursitis can turn into chronic bursitis, flaring up on and off for several weeks or longer. Bursitis treatment involves resting the joint, often combined with other methods to alleviate swelling, including NSAIDs (e.g. Aleve, ibuprofen), icing the joint, elevating the joint, and wrapping the joint in an elastic bandage. Cases of septic bursitis must also be treated with antibiotics to prevent the infection from spreading to other parts of the body or into the bloodstream.<br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Surgery is rarely done strictly for treatment of a bursitis. If any underlying cause is the reason, this may be addressed surgically. During surgery for other conditions, a bursa may be seen and removed surgically.<br /><br><br><b>Prevention</b><br /><br><br>Because many soft tissue conditions are caused by overuse, the best treatment is prevention. It is important to avoid or modify the activities that cause problems. Underlying conditions such as leg length differences, improper position or poor technique in sports or work must be corrected. Be aware of potential overuse or injury in your daily activities and change your lifestyle to prevent problems. Otherwise, problems may persist or occur repeatedly. Following are some ways you can avoid future problems. Wear walking or jogging shoes that provide good support. High-top shoes provide support for people with ankle problems. Wear comfortable shoes that fit properly. Wear heel cups or other shoe inserts as recommended by your doctor. Exercise on level, graded surfaces.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/What-Are-Bursitis-Of-The-Foot-Indicators-b1-p12.htmHammer Toe Fusion ImplantPrimer blog2015-08-17T18:12:07Z<img class='alignleft' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://blog.wcei.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/shoe_fit.jpg' width='254' alt='Hammer Toe'/><b>Overview</b><br /><br><br>Hammer toes are classified based on the mobility of the toe joints. There are two types. Flexible and rigid. In a flexible <a href="http://eliwatso1987.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-13.html"><strong>Hammer toes</strong></a>, the joint has the ability to move. This type of hammer toe can be straightened manually. A rigid hammer toe does not have that same ability to move. Movement is very limited and can be extremely painful. This sometimes causes foot movement to become restricted leading to extra stress at the ball-of-the-foot, and possibly causing pain and the development of corns and calluses.<br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>Hammer toe is commonly caused by wearing shoes that are too narrow, tight or short on a regular basis. By doing so, your toe joints are forced into odd position. Over time, the tendons and muscles in your toe become shorter and cause it to bend. You can suffer a hammer toe if you have diabetes and the disease is worsening. If this occurs, you should contact your doctor right away. Arthritis can also cause hammer toes. Because your toe muscles get out of balance when you suffer from this joint disorder, tendons and joints of your toes are going to experience a lot of pressure.<br /><br><br><img class='alignleft' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://podiatristintaylor-mi.com/images/slide02.png' width='252' alt='Hammertoe'/><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>A soft corn, or heloma molle, may exist in the web space between toes. This is more commonly caused by an exostosis, which is basically an extra growth of bone possibly due to your foot structure. As this outgrowth of excessive bone rubs against other toes, there is friction between the toes and a corn forms for your protection.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>Most health care professionals can diagnose hammertoe simply by examining your toes and feet. X-rays of the feet are not needed to diagnose hammertoe, but they may be useful to look for signs of some types of arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis) or other disorders that can cause hammertoe.<br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Try to find shoes that are soft, roomy, and comfortable and avoid tight shoes or shoes with high heels. A shoe repair shop may be able to stretch a small pocket in regular shoes to make room for the hammertoe. Have a professional pedicure. Sometimes a skilled manicurist can file down a painful corn. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions. Ask your provider what activities you should avoid and when you can return to <a href="http://djerold.soup.io/post/393472961/Guidelines-for-using-Height-Increasing-Inserts"><strong>Hammer toes</strong></a> your normal activities, how to take care of yourself at home, what symptoms or problems you should watch for and what to do if you have them. Make sure you know when you should come back for a checkup.<br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>In more advanced cases of hammer toe, or when the accompanying pain cannot be relieved by conservative treatment, surgery may be required. Different types of surgical procedures are performed to correct hammer toe, depending on the location and extent of the problem. Surgical treatment is generally effective for both flexible and fixed (rigid) forms of hammer toe. Recurrence following surgery may develop in persons with flexible hammer toe, particularly if they resume wearing poorly-fitted shoes after the deformity is corrected.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/Hammer-Toe-Fusion-Implant-b1-p11.htmHammer Toe Repair PinningPrimer blog2015-06-27T06:01:33Z<img class='alignright' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://americanfoot.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Diabetic-Foot-Johns-Creek-Dermatology.jpg' width='254' alt='Hammertoe'/><b>Overview</b><br /><br><br>There are two types of <a href="http://trettin22.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-5.html"><strong>Hammer toe</strong></a>, Flexible hammertoes. If the toe still can be moved at the joint, it's a flexible hammertoe. That's good, because this is an earlier, milder form of the problem. There may be several treatment options. Rigid hammertoes. If the tendons in the toe become rigid, they press the joint out of alignment. At this stage, the toe can't be moved. It usually means that surgery is needed.<br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>The cause of hammertoes varies, but causes include genetics, arthritis and injury to the toe. Treatment for hammertoes depends on the severity and can include anti-inflammatory medication, metatarsal pads, foot exercises and better-fitting shoes. If the pain caused by a hammertoe is so severe that wearing a shoe is uncomfortable, surgery may be necessary. Typically this surgery is an outpatient procedure that doesn?t require general anesthesia, though it is an option. Recovery from surgery usually takes a few weeks, and patients are given special shoes to wear.<br /><br><br><img class='alignright' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://i00.i.aliimg.com/wsphoto/v0/1499306108/Hot-selling-Toe-seperating-gel-bunion-shield-Gel-Separators-Stretchers-Bunion-Protector-Straightener-Corrector-Alignment-4piece.jpg' width='254' alt='Hammer Toe'/><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>Here is a look at some of the symptoms hammertoe can cause. They include hammer-like or claw-like appearance of the toe. Pain when walking or moving the foot. Difficulty moving the toe. Corns may form on top of the toe. Callus may form <a href="http://industriousbedd83.sosblogs.com/The-first-blog-b1/Should-Health-professionals-Promote-Height-Insoles-Telly-b1-p10.htm"><strong>Hammer toes</strong></a> on the sole of the foot. During the initial stages, you may be able to manually straighten your toe. This is called a flexible hammertoe. But as time passes, the toe will not move as easily and will continue to look like a hammer. Pressure and irritation over the joint can cause a blister to develop and become a corn over time. These corns have the potential to become infected and cause additional symptoms such as redness, bleeding, and difficulty wearing shoes and socks. Corns are the main cause of pain when hammertoes are developing.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>Although hammertoes are readily apparent, to arrive at a diagnosis the foot and ankle surgeon will obtain a thorough history of your symptoms and examine your foot. During the physical examination, the doctor may attempt to reproduce your symptoms by manipulating your foot and will study the contractures of the toes. In addition, the foot and ankle surgeon may take x-rays to determine the degree of the deformities and assess any changes that may have occurred.<br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Conservative treatment starts with new shoes that have soft, roomy toe boxes. Shoes should be one-half inch longer than your longest toe. (Note: For many people, the second toe is longer than the big toe.) Avoid wearing tight, narrow, high-heeled shoes. You may also be able to find a shoe with a deep toe box that accommodates the hammer toe. Or, a shoe specialist (Pedorthist) may be able to stretch the toe box so that it bulges out around the toe. Sandals may help, as long as they do not pinch or rub other areas of the foot.<br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Surgery to correct for a hammertoe may be performed as an outpatient procedure at a hospital, surgery center, or in the office of your podiatrist. There are multiple procedures that can be used depending on your individual foot structure and whether the deformity is flexible or rigid. There may be a surgical cut in the bone to get rid of an exostosis, or a joint may be completely removed to allow the toe to lay straight.<br /><br><br><img class='alignleft' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://www.barkingdogshoes.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/6a00e54ee19bb788340133f261a397970b-pi.jpg' width='252' alt='Hammer Toe'/><b>Prevention</b><br /><br><br>Hammertoe can usually be prevented by wearing shoes that fit properly and give the toes plenty of room. Don?t wear shoes with pointed or narrow toes. Don?t wear shoes that are too tight or short. Don?t wear high-heeled shoes, which can force the toes forward. Choose shoes with wide or boxy toes. Choose shoes that are a half-inch longer than your longest toe. If shoes hurt, don?t wear them.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/Hammer-Toe-Repair-Pinning-b1-p10.htmHammertoe Pain TreatmentPrimer blog2015-06-26T19:22:00Z<img class='alignleft' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EcJ5evg96Es/T3sZ3K61cUI/AAAAAAAABZg/WoSx07GotDE/s1600/IMG_9154.JPG' width='253' alt='Hammer Toe'/><b>Overview</b><br /><br><br>Hammer toes are classified based on the mobility of the toe joints. There are two types. Flexible and rigid. In a flexible <a href="http://tallertina.fotopages.com/?entry=3845963"><strong>hammertoe</strong></a>, the joint has the ability to move. This type of hammer toe can be straightened manually. A rigid hammer toe does not have that same ability to move. Movement is very limited and can be extremely painful. This sometimes causes foot movement to become restricted leading to extra stress at the ball-of-the-foot, and possibly causing pain and the development of corns and calluses.<br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>As described above, the main reason people develop hammertoes is improper footwear, or footwear that is too short for the toes. Shoes that do not allow our toes to lie flat are the biggest cause of hammertoes, though there are others, including genetics, injury or trauma in which the toe is jammed or broken. Diseases that affect the nerves and muscles, such as arthritis. Abnormal foot mechanics due to nerve or muscle damage, causing an imbalance of the flexor and extensor tendons of the toe. Systematic diseases such as arthritis can also lead to problems such as hammertoe. Some people are born with hammertoes, while others are more prone to developing the condition due to genetics. If you have ever broken a toe, you know there is not much that can be done for it. It is one of the only bones in the body that heals without the use of a cast. A broken toe may be splinted, however, which may help prevent a hammertoe from forming.<br /><br><br><img class='alignright' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://stolenpost.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/How-Stretch-Your-Feet-You-Wear-High-Heels.jpg' width='252' alt='Hammertoe'/><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>A hammer toe may be painful, especially when irritated by a shoe. All four toe conditions may cause cramps in the toes, foot and leg due to the abnormal function of the tendons in the foot. If a mallet toe has occurred, you are likely to suffer from a corn at the end of the toe. A hammertoe may cause a corn on the top of the toe. Infections and ulcers can also occur. In severe cases a mallet toe, trigger toe, claw toe or a hammer toe may create a downward pressure on the foot, which can result in hard skin and corns on the soles of the feet.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>Most health care professionals can diagnose hammertoe simply <a href="http://tallertina.exblog.jp/17517605"><strong>hammertoes</strong></a> by examining your toes and feet. X-rays of the feet are not needed to diagnose hammertoe, but they may be useful to look for signs of some types of arthritis (such as rheumatoid arthritis) or other disorders that can cause hammertoe. If the deformed toe is very painful, your doctor may recommend that you have a fluid sample withdrawn from the joint with a needle so the fluid can be checked for signs of infection or gout (arthritis from crystal deposits).<br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Conservative treatment is the first choice, often starting with a change of shoes to ones that have soft, larger toe spaces. Toe exercises may be prescribed to stretch and strengthen the toe muscles. Over-the-counter straps, cushions or non-medicated corn pads may be recommended to help relieve your symptoms.<br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Ordinary hammertoe procedures often use exposed wires which extend outside the end of toes for 4-6 weeks. Common problems associated with wires include infection where the wires come out of the toe, breakage, pain from hitting the wire, and lack of rotational stability causing the toe to look crooked. In addition, wires require a second in-office procedure to remove them, which can cause a lot of anxiety for many patients. Once inserted, implants remain within the bone, correcting the pain and deformity of hammertoes while eliminating many of the complications specific traditional treatments.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/Hammertoe-Pain-Treatment-b1-p9.htmDo I Have Over-PronationPrimer blog2015-05-31T11:48:23Z<b>Overview</b><br /><br><br>Pronation is a turning outward of the foot at the ankle, which allows the foot to flatten. The pronation helps to absorb some of the compressive shock forces, torque conversion, adjustment to uneven ground contours, and maintenance of balance. It is necessary to have a certain amount of pronation to disseminate the energy of the foot-strike. If there is too little or too much pronation injuries may occur. When a foot and ankle pronates to a great degree, we call it over-pronation. Normally you can see the Achilles Tendon run straight down the leg into the heel. If the foot is over-pronated, the tendon will run straight down the leg, but when it lies on the heel it will twist outward. This makes the inner ankle bone much more prominent than the outer ankle bone.<img class='alignright' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://runforefoot.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/overpronation-heel-strike-running-bretta-riches-runforefoot.jpg' width='252' alt='Pronation'/><br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>Generally fallen arches are a condition inherited from one or both parents. In addition, age, obesity, and pregnancy cause our arches to collapse. Being in a job that requires long hours of standing and/or walking (e.g. teaching, retail, hospitality, building etc) contributes to this condition, especially when standing on hard surfaces like concrete floors. Last, but not least unsupportive footwear makes our feet roll in more than they should.<br /><br><br><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>With over pronation, sufferers are most likely to experience pain through the arch of the foot. A lack of stability is also a common complaint. Over pronation also causes the foot to turn outward during movement at the ankle, causing sufferers to walk along the inner portion of the foot. This not only can deliver serious pain through the heel and ankle, but it can also be the cause of pain in the knees or lower back as well. This condition also causes the arch to sink which places stress on the bones, ligaments, and tendons throughout the foot. This may yield other common conditions of foot pain such as plantar fasciitis and heel spurs.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>To easily get an idea of whether a person overpronates, look at the position and condition of certain structures in the feet and ankles when he/she stands still. When performing weight-bearing activities like walking or running, muscles and other soft tissue structures work to control gravity's effect and ground reaction forces to the joints. If the muscles of the leg, pelvis, and feet are working correctly, then the joints in these areas such as the knees, hips, and ankles will experience less stress. However, if the muscles and other soft tissues are not working efficiently, then structural changes and clues in the feet are visible and indicate habitual overpronation.<img class='alignright' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://www.zfootdoc.com/_borders/flat_feet_2.jpg' width='251' alt='Pronation'/><br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>An overpronator is a person who overpronates, meaning that when walking or running their feet tend to roll inwards to an excessive degree. Overpronation involves excessive flattening of the arches of the feet, with the roll seeing the push off take place from the inside edge of the foot and the big toe. When this happens, the muscles and ligaments in the feet are placed under excessive strain, which can lead to pain and premature fatigue of the foot. Overpronation is most commonly experienced in people who have flat feet or fallen arches.<br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Depending on the severity of your condition, your surgeon may recommend one or more treatment options. Ultimately, however, it's YOUR decision as to which makes the most sense to you. There are many resources available online and elsewhere for you to research the various options and make an informed decision.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/Do-I-Have-Over-Pronation-b1-p8.htmHow To Diagnose Calcaneal Apophysitis?Primer blog2015-05-15T06:08:04Z<b>Overview</b> <br /><br><br>If your teen or preteen is complaining of heel pain, it might be Sever?s disease. No need to stress - this isn?t actually a ?disease,? but rather a common type of growing pain that only lasts a few weeks or months and doesn?t leave any long-term damage. Sever?s disease occurs in kids as they hit their adolescent growth spurt, usually between the ages of 8-13 for girls and 10-15 for boys. It?s most common among active kids that run, play basketball or soccer, or do gymnastics. Kids with flat feet, high arches, short leg syndrome, over-pronation (feet that roll inward when they walk) or who are overweight or obese also have an increased risk.<br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>Sever's Disease typically affects boys and girls between 8-15 years of age. Risk factors include. Athletic activity that involves heel contact with hard surfaces, as in gymnastics, track, soccer, basketball, ice skating, ballet and aerobics. The wearing of ill-fitting shoes. Well-made shoes that fit properly are a must for every child. Prolonged periods of standing. If a child complains of heel pain after choir practice, doing dishes, standing in lines or other activities that put pressure on the heel bones, pay attention.<br /><br><br><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>Sever's Disease is most commonly seen in physically active girls and boys from ages 10 to 15 years old. These are the years when the growth plate is still ""open,"" and has not fused into mature bone. Also, these are the years when the growth plate is most vulnerable to overuse injuries, which are usually caused by sports activities. The most common symptoms of this disease include. Heel pain in one or both heels. Usually seen in physically active children, especially at the beginning of a new sports season. The pain is usually experienced at the back of the heel, and includes the following areas. The back of the heel (that area which rubs against the back of the shoe). The sides of the heel. Actually, this is one of the diagnostic tests for Sever's Disease, squeezing the rear portion of the heel from both sides at the same time will produce pain. It is known as the Squeeze Test.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>Sever disease is most often diagnosed clinically, and radiographic evaluation is believed to be unnecessary by many physicians, but if a diagnosis of calcaneal apophysitis is made without obtaining radiographs, a lesion requiring more aggressive treatment could be missed. Foot radiographs are usually normal and the radiologic identification of calcaneal apophysitis without the absence of clinical information was not reliable.<br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>The immediate goal of treatment is pain relief. Because symptoms generally worsen with activity, the main treatment for Sever's disease is rest, which helps to relieve pressure on the heel bone, decreasing swelling and reducing pain. As directed by the doctor, a child should cut down on or avoid all activities that cause pain until all symptoms are gone, especially running barefoot or on hard surfaces because hard impact on the feet can worsen pain and inflammation. The child might be able to do things that do not put pressure on the heel, such as swimming and biking, but check with a doctor first.<br /><br><br><b>Recovery</b><br /><br><br>Although Sever's disease generally heals quickly, it can recur if long-term measures are not taken to protect the heel during a child's growing years. One of the most important is to make sure that kids wear proper shoes. Good quality, well-fitting shoes with shock-absorbent (padded) soles help to reduce pressure on the heel. The doctor may also recommend shoes with open backs, such as sandals or clogs, that do not rub on the back of the heel. Shoes that are heavy or have high heels should be avoided. Other preventive measures include continued stretching exercises and icing of the affected heel after activity.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/How-To-Diagnose-Calcaneal-Apophysitis-b1-p7.htmWhat Can Cause Pain In The Foot's Arch ?Primer blog2015-04-16T22:01:22Z<b>Overview</b><br /><br><br>Flat feet is the most common foot deformity known. In fact, sixty million Americans or 25% of the U.S. population have flat feet. Some of these people may experience problems that limit their activities, while others can run marathons or play in the NBA.<br /><br><br><img class='alignleft' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/thumb/b/b4/Fix-Flat-Feet,-some-toe-pains,-and-the-fallen-arch-Step-4.jpg/670px-Fix-Flat-Feet,-some-toe-pains,-and-the-fallen-arch-Step-4.jpg' width='255' alt='Arch Pain'/><br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>Flat feet are often hereditary. Arch pain may also be caused by wearing shoes with inadequate support, standing or walking for long periods of time in high heels, or overuse of the feet during work or sports. Being overweight also places additional stress on the feet, especially the arches.<br /><br><br><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>People suffering from pain in the arch sometimes complain of burning or soreness on the foot sole, which is worse in the morning and after physical activity. There may also be some tenderness when pressure is applied to the sole of the foot or heel. In addition to this, patients tend to complain of more pain when they stand on tiptoe.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>The doctor will take a brief history to determine how the injury occurred. If necessary, a thorough physical exam may be conducted to evaluate for any other injuries. Taking your workout shoes to the exam may also provide valuable information to the medical practitioner. Both feet will be physically and visually examined by the medical practitioner. The foot and arch will be touched and manipulated possibly with a lot of pressure and inspected to identify obvious deformities, tender spots, or any differences in the bones of the foot and arch.<br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Just as there are many different causes of flat feet, there are also many different treatment options. The most important aspect of treatment is determining the exact type or underlying cause of flat feet that you have. Foot and ankle specialists can determine this through thorough clinical examination and special imaging studies (e.g., x-rays, computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging). Conservative treatment is effective in the vast majority of flat foot cases, and consists of things such as insoles, splints, manipulation, or casting. Surgery is required much less frequently, and is reserved only for some of the severe types of flat foot that do not respond to conservative therapy.<br /><br><br><img class='alignleft' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://www.drscholls.ca/uploads/conditions/6_2_archpain_1_5003.jpg' width='256' alt='Arch Pain'/><br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Surgery is considered only after 12 months of aggressive nonsurgical treatment. Gastrocnemius recession. This is a surgical lengthening of the calf (gastrocnemius) muscles. Because tight calf muscles place increased stress on the plantar fascia, this procedure is useful for patients who still have difficulty flexing their feet, despite a year of calf stretches. In gastrocnemius recession, one of the two muscles that make up the calf is lengthened to increase the motion of the ankle. The procedure can be performed with a traditional, open incision or with a smaller incision and an endoscope, an instrument that contains a small camera. Your doctor will discuss the procedure that best meets your needs. Complication rates for gastrocnemius recession are low, but can include nerve damage. Plantar fascia release. If you have a normal range of ankle motion and continued heel pain, your doctor may recommend a partial release procedure. During surgery, the plantar fascia ligament is partially cut to relieve tension in the tissue. If you have a large bone spur, it will be removed, as well. Although the surgery can be performed endoscopically, it is more difficult than with an open incision. In addition, endoscopy has a higher risk of nerve damage. The most common complications of release surgery include incomplete relief of pain and nerve damage. Most patients have good results from surgery. However, because surgery can result in chronic pain and dissatisfaction, it is recommended only after all nonsurgical measures have been exhausted.<br /><br><br><b>Prevention</b><br /><br><br>Maintain a healthy weight, Use insoles to support your arches, Limit how often you wear high heels, Use proper shoes, especially when exercising to evenly distribute weight through your foot.<br /><br><br><b>Stretching Exercises</b><br /><br><br>Flexibility is important in preventing injuries. With a simple stretching exercise, you can rehabilitate the muscles of your foot to relieve arch pain and prevent future injuries. This simple exercise by Tammy White and Phyllis Clapis for Relay Health is a good way to strengthen your foot muscles and stretch your plantar fascia. Sit in a chair and cross one foot over your other knee. Grab the base of your toes and pull them back toward your leg until you feel a comfortable stretch. Hold 15 seconds and repeat three times. When you can stand comfortably on your injured foot, you can begin standing to stretch the plantar fascia at the bottom of your foot.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/What-Can-Cause-Pain-In-The-Foot-s-Arch-b1-p6.htmHow You Can Handle Fallen ArchesPrimer blog2015-03-31T08:10:24Z<b>Overview</b><br /><br><br><img class='alignright' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0266/9295/files/metatarsalgia_87eee888-c723-4d9a-9231-60469669c40d_large.jpg' width='253' alt='Adult Acquired Flat Foot'/><br /><br><br>Most of us have a low arch. The foot actually appears quite normal and a clear (but low) arch is present under the foot, especially when sitting down. The situation changes with weight bearing: when we get up the arch lowers. When we start walking the arches collapse and the ankles roll inwards. This is called over-pronation - or fallen arches. Over-pronation is not the same as flat feet as often noted. Pronation itself is not wrong as we need to pronate and supinate as part of our gait. Pronation (rolling in) acts as a shock absorbing process and supination (rolling out) helps to propel our feet forward.<br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>Flat feet in adults can arise from a variety of causes. Here are the most common. An abnormality that is present from birth, stretched or torn tendons, damage or inflammation of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT), which connects from your lower leg, along your ankle, to the middle of the arch, broken or dislocated bones. Some health conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Nerve problems. Other factors that can increase your risk include obesity, diabetes, ageing and Pregnancy.<br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>Arches can be seen as ?rolling downward? or collapsing when walking. Pain may present in lower back, hips or knees. Pain may be present on the bottom of the heels, within the arch, within the ankles or even the forefoot. Swelling can occur. Pain may occur in the anterior leg muscles.<br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>Determining whether you have fallen arches may be as easy as looking at the shape of the middle bottom of your foot. Is there any kind of arch there? If you cannot find any kind of arch, you may have a flat foot. There are, however, other ways to decide in case you're still not sure. Another way to figure out if you have flat feet is to look at a few pairs of your shoes. Where do you see the most wear on the heels? If you notice significant wear in the heel and the ball of the foot extending to the big toe, this means you are overpronating. Overpronators roll their feet too far inward and commonly have fallen arches. To figure out if you have flat feet, you can also do an easy test. Get the bottoms of your feet wet and then step on to a piece of paper carefully. Step off the paper and take a look at the print your foot made. If your print looks like the entire bottom of a foot, your feet are flat. People with an arch will be missing part of the foot on their print since the arch is elevated off of the paper. Regular visits to your podiatrist are highly recommended.<br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>For mild pain or aching, acetaminophen (Tylenol) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), such as aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin and others) may be effective. Flexible Flatfoot. When there are no symptoms, treatment is not needed. If a child older than age 3 develops symptoms, the doctor may prescribe a therapeutic shoe insert made from a mold of the child's foot or a corrective shoe. As an alternative, some doctors recommend store-bought arch supports. These appear to work as well as more expensive treatments in many children. With any conservative, nonsurgical treatment, the goal is to relieve pain by supporting the arch and correcting any imbalance in the mechanics of the foot.<br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br><img class='alignright' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://yogarose.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/BandhaYoga-arch.jpeg' width='252' alt='Acquired Flat Feet'/><br /><br><br>A combination of surgical procedures can be used to reconstruct the flatfoot. Generally, these procedures can be separated into those that correct deformities of the bones and those that repair ligaments and tendons. Your orthopaedic surgeon will choose the proper combination of procedures for your foot. Surgery of the foot can be performed under regional anesthesia, which is numbing the foot and ankle with a nerve or spinal block, or general anesthesia, which may require a breathing tube. A nerve block is often placed behind the knee to reduce pain after surgery.<br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Prevention</b><br /><br><br>Wear Supportive Footwear. Spend the money it takes to get proper fitting and quality footwear with good arch supports. Most sufferers of fallen arches and plantar fasciitis are born with high arches that sag as they get older. Good footwear can prevent this from becoming a problem. Flat feet, however, can become just as problematic. So, really we should all be wearing good footwear to avoid this potentially painful condition. Take It Easy. If your heel starts to hurt, take a rest. If the pain doesn?t go away after several days of resting, it may be time to see a podiatrist. Orthotics. Special insoles to support the arch of the foot can provide some much needed help. You can buy these at your local drugstore (not recommended), or you can have them specially made and custom fit for your feet. It can take awhile to get just the right one for your foot, but sometimes it can be just what you needed. Weight Control. Yes, maintaining a sensible diet with your ideal weight can be beneficial in many ways. It makes sense to think that the more weight your arches are supporting, the more easily they will fall and become painful.<br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>After Care</b><br /><br><br>Time off work depends on the type of work as well as the surgical procedures performed. . A patient will be required to be non-weight bearing in a cast or splint and use crutches for four to twelve weeks. Usually a patient can return to work in one to two weeks if they are able to work while seated. If a person's job requires standing and walking, return to work may take several weeks. Complete recovery may take six months to a full year. Complications can occur as with all surgeries, but are minimized by strictly following your surgeon's post-operative instructions. The main complications include infection, bone that is slow to heal or does not heal, progression or reoccurrence of deformity, a stiff foot, and the need for further surgery. Many of the above complications can be avoided by only putting weight on the operative foot when allowed by your surgeon.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/How-You-Can-Handle-Fallen-Arches-b1-p5.htmThe Brings About Of Adult Aquired Flat Feet ?Primer blog2015-03-28T08:43:26Z<b>Overview</b><br /><br><br>Often considered solely any product of genetics, flatfoot rarely carries from it your stigma regarding presenting more than time. The Actual truth, however, is the extremely fact that flatfoot will not discriminate about the schedule associated with age and can turn out to be a concern inside the type of adult-acquired flatfoot. like its congenital cousin, adult-acquired flatfoot deformity is but one that, inside causing structural damage towards the foot (and specially towards the posterior tibial tendon), creates an imbalance in which may bring about any quantity of symptoms, such as inflammation, pain, stiffness, limited mobility, as well as arthritis.<br /><br><br><img class='alignleft' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://flatfoot56.com/toil/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/flatfoot56.jpeg' width='253' alt='Acquired Flat Foot'/><br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>Flat footedness, many individuals who develop the issue currently have flat feet. Together With overuse or steady loading, the alter occurs the location exactly where the arch begins to flatten more than before, along with pain and swelling creating around the inside in the ankle. Inadequate support coming from footwear might from time to time be considered a contributing factor. Trauma or perhaps injury, occasionally this condition may always be credited for you to fracture, sprain or perhaps direct blow to the tendon. Age, the chance of developing Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction raises as we develop older along with researchers have suggested in which center aged women tend to become more typically affected. other possible contributing factors - being overweight and also inflammatory arthritis.<br /><br><br><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>In many cases, adult flatfoot brings about no pain or even problems. in others, pain might be severe. Several individuals experience aching pain within the heel and also arch and swelling along the inner facet of the foot.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>The history and physical examination are likely probably the particular most essential tools the particular physician uses to become able to diagnose this problem. the use pattern on your own own shoes can offer a range of helpful clues. muscle testing helps identify any places involving weakness or even muscle mass impairment. This kind of should be done inside each the load bearing as well as nonweight bearing positions. A New very effective test will be the single heel raise. A Person is planning to be motivated to stand on 1 foot and rise on your current own toes. you ought to end up being able to be capable of lift your own heel up and running effortlessly while keeping your calcaneus (heel bone) in the center together with slight inversion (turned inward). X-rays tend to become able to be accustomed to research the actual position, shape, as well as alignment in the bones within the feet and also ankles. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be the imaging modality of preference with regard to evaluating the actual posterior tibial tendon along with spring ligament complex.<br /><br><br><b>Non surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>There are many non-surgical alternatives for the flatfoot. Orthotics, non-custom braces, shoe gear changes and also custom braces are most options for treatment. Any course of physical therapy may become prescribed if tendon inflammation is actually a part of the problem. Numerous people are successfully treated using non-surgical alternatives.<br /><br><br><img class='alignleft' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://www.lulusoso.com/upload/20120314/Big_bow_flat_foot_shoes.jpg' width='252' alt='Flat Feet'/><br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Surgical treatment needs to be able to be considered when just about all various other conservative remedy provides failed. Surgery choices for flatfoot reconstruction rely on the severity in the flatfoot. Surgery for any versatile flatfoot deformity (flatfoot with out arthritis to the foot joints) involves advancing your posterior tibial tendon below the arch to offer more support along with reduce elongation in the tendon also as addressing your hindfoot eversion having a osteotomy to the calcaneus (surgical cut in the heel bone). Additionally, your Achilles tendon may need being lengthened since in the compensatory contracture with the Achilles tendon along with flatfoot deformity. Flatfoot deformity with arthritic changes to the foot is considered a rigid flatfoot. Correction of the rigid flatfoot deformity usually involves surgical fusion with the hindfoot joints. This particular is a reconstructive procedure which in turn allows the surgeon to re-position the foot right straight into a regular position. Though your procedure ought to be considered with regard to advanced PTTD, it has many complications and truly should end up being discussed in depth with your doctor.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/The-Brings-About-Of-Adult-Aquired-Flat-Feet-b1-p4.htmWorking With Pain In The Foot's ArchPrimer blog2015-03-27T16:06:26Z<b>Overview</b><br /><br><br>Arch pain is often felt as a burning sensation under the long arch of the foot. There are a number of causes of this, but the most common is plantar fasciitis, but can also be due to the strain of any structure in the arch of the foot.<br /><br><br><img class='alignright' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://tamara-braun.com/gallery/albums/uploads/films/Fallen%20Arches/screencaps/normal_FALLEN_ARCHES-170.jpg' width='254' alt='Pain In Arch'/><br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>There are a number of possible causes for arch pain, but the most common are structural imbalances of the foot, such a pronated foot (rolls inward at the ankles). This is often not enough in isolation to cause the problem, but in combination with other factors arch pain may develop. These other factors are usually associated with overuse - running, walking, hard surfaces and/or OFAD (on feet all day), usually combined with inadequate or non-supportive footwear. The more common specific causes of arch pain can be plantar fasciitis (strain of the plantar fascia - a strong ligament that supports the arch), tarsal tunnel syndrome (a pinched nerve at the ankle that refers pain to the arch), foot strain from a pronated foot or flat foot, there can be osteoarthritis of the joints in the midfoot that can cause arch pain.<br /><br><br><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>Plantar fasciitis is most often seen in middle-aged men and women, but can be found in all age groups. The condition is diagnosed with the classic symptoms of pain well focused deep in the heel area of the bottom of the foot. Often the pain from plantar fasciitis is most severe when you first stand on your feet in the morning. Pain often subsides quite quickly, but then returns after prolonged standing or walking. Plantar fasciitis is sometimes, but not always, associated with a rapid gain of weight. It is also sometimes seen in recreational athletes, especially runners. In these athletes, it is thought that the repetitive nature of the sports causes the damage to the fibrous tissue that forms the arch of the foot.<br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>In a person of any age, the doctor will ask about occupational and recreational activities, previous foot trauma or foot surgery and the type of shoes worn. The doctor will examine your shoes to check for signs of excessive wear. Worn shoes often provide valuable clues to gait problems and poor bone alignment. The doctor will ask you to walk barefoot to evaluate the arches of the feet, to check for out-toeing and to look for other signs of poor foot mechanics.<br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Use corrective prophylactic measures. Purchase new shoes or replace the insoles of your current shoes. Athletic shoes lose the elastic properties of the soles through usage and age. A good rule of thumb is to replace your shoes every six months, more often if there is heavier usage. The use of after-market insoles can increase energy absorption and add support to the foot. Custom fabricated orthotics or off-the-shelf orthotics may also improve the biomechanics of the foot. Focus on muscle strengthening and flexibility. You may be given exercises to increase the strength and stability of the affected area and to correct muscles that may not be balanced. Exercises to increase flexibility will maintain or improve the length of a muscle. Flexibility helps to make a stronger muscle that is less likely to be injured.<br /><br><br><img class='alignleft' style='float:left;margin-right:10px;' src='http://www.oandp.com/articles/images/2009-04_10/PlantarFac2.jpg' width='256' alt='Foot Arch Pain'/><br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>The main goal of surgery is to reduce pain and improve function. It may also reduce other injuries such as repeated ankle sprains and broken bones. Surgery may be considered if there is no relief with physical therapy, changes in shoewear and/or changes in activity. Some patients will also have tendon problems, ankle weakness and foot fractures. These patients may require other procedures to address related problems. If you have medical problems that make surgery unsafe, any infections or blood vessel disease, cavus foot surgery may not be appropriate. The surgical procedures involved with the correction of the cavus foot are varied. Theses may include correction of the bony deformity, ankle looseness and the muscle imbalances that cause the deformity. The goal is to provide a foot that evenly distributes weight along both inside and outside edges. A variety of incisions may be needed to perform the procedures related to the correction of the cavus foot.<br /><br><br><b>Stretching Exercises</b><br /><br><br>Massage therapy is a great way to loosen muscles and help improve mobility in in your feet. As many people with foot pain have discovered, tight muscles in your legs or back can lead to tense foot muscles. All those muscles are connected, so tension in your back can cause tension in your legs which can pull the tendons in your feet and cause stiffness and pain. Getting acupuncture or a professional full body massage are probably the best ways to deal with this, but there are also some simple tricks you can do at home to help keep muscles limber. These are great for loosening up and improving circulation, both before and after exercise. Place a tennis ball under the arch of your bare foot and roll it around, stretching the muscles in your foot and promoting blood flow. You can also roll the ball under your calves and upper legs to work out stiffness and knots. If you feel the tennis ball is too easy, try a lacrosse ball for deeper massaging. This is also demonstrated in the exercise video above. Use a foam roller, those big overpriced rolls of foam that are now available in every department and sporting goods store are fantastic for self-massage (why a roll of foam costs $30 is beyond us, but they do work wonders-our advice is to not waste money on the more expensive fancy grooved ones because even the simplest rollers work great). The exercises you can do with foam rollers seem to be endless, and there are literally hundreds of free videos online showing how to use them to massage every part of your body. Here's one we picked out that specifically targets foot and leg muscles related to arches and plantar fasciitis.http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/Working-With-Pain-In-The-Foot-s-Arch-b1-p3.htmCauses Signs Or Symptoms And Managing An Achilles Tendon RupturePrimer blog2015-03-24T09:49:19Z<b>Overview</b><br /><br><br><img class='alignleft' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://pozitmed.com/wp-content/uploads/achilles_tendonitis.gif' width='253' alt='Achilles Tendon'/><br /><br><br>A tendon is a band of tissue that connects a muscle to a bone. The Achilles tendon runs down the back of the lower leg and connects the calf muscle to the heel bone. Also called the ?heel cord,? the Achilles tendon facilitates walking by helping to raise the heel off the ground. The Achilles tendon is at the back of the heel. It can be ruptured by sudden force on the foot or ankle. If your Achilles tendon is ruptured you will be unable to stand on tiptoe, and will have a flat-footed walk. It is important to diagnose and treat this injury as soon as possible, to help promote healing. Treatment involves wearing a plaster cast or brace (orthosis) for several weeks, and possibly having an operation.<br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Causes</b><br /><br><br>The cause of Achilles tendon ruptures besides obviously direct trauma, is multifactorial. In many instances the rupture occurs about 2-6 cm before its attachment to the calcaneous (heel bone). In this area there is a weaker blood supply making it more susceptible to injury and rupture. Rigid soled shoes can also be the causative factor in combination with the structure of your foot being susceptible to injury.<br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Symptoms</b><br /><br><br>The most common initial symptom of Achilles tendon rupture is a sudden snap at the back of the heels with intense pain. Immediately after the rupture, the majority of individuals will have difficult walking. Some individuals may have had previous complains of calf or heel pain, suggesting prior tendon inflammation or irritation. Immediately after an Achilles tendon rupture, most individuals will develop a limp. In addition, when the ankle is moved, the patient will complain of pain. In all cases, the affected ankle will have no strength. Once the Achilles tendon is ruptured, the individual will not be able to run, climb up the stairs, or stand on his toes. The ruptured Achilles tendon prevents the power from the calf muscles to move the heel. Whenever the diagnosis is missed, the recovery is often prolonged. Bruising and swelling around the calf and ankle occur. Achilles tendon rupture is frequent in elderly individuals who have a sedentary lifestyle and suddenly become active. In these individuals, the tendon is not strong and the muscles are deconditioned, making recovery more difficult. Achilles tendon rupture has been reported after injection of corticosteroids around the heel bone or attachment of the tendon. The fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics (such as ciprofloxacin [Cipro]) is also known to cause Achilles tendon weakness and rupture, especially in young children. Some individuals have had a prior tendon rupture that was managed conservatively. In such cases, recurrence of rupture is very high.<br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Diagnosis</b><br /><br><br>Diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture is not difficult. Usually, the diagnosis is obvious after examination of the ankle and performing some easy foot maneuvers (such as attempting to stand on the toes). When an Achilles tendon rupture occurs, there is often clinical confirmation of tenderness and bruising around the heel. A gap is felt when the finger is passed over the heel area, where the rupture has developed. All individuals with a full-blown rupture of the tendon are unable to stand on their toes. There is no blood work required in making a diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture. The following are three common radiological tests to make a diagnosis of Achilles tendon rupture. Plain X-rays of the foot may reveal swelling of the soft tissues around the ankle, other bone injury, or tendon calcification. Ultrasound is the next most commonly ordered test to document the injury and size of the tear. For a partial tear of the Achilles tendon, the diagnosis is not always obvious on a physical exam and hence an ultrasound is ordered. This painless procedure can make a diagnosis of partial/full Achilles tendon rupture rapidly. Ultrasound is a relatively inexpensive, fast, and reliable test. MRI is often ordered when diagnosis of tendon rupture is not obvious on ultrasound or a complex injury is suspected. MRI is an excellent imaging test to assess for presence of any soft-tissue trauma or fluid collection. More importantly, MRI can help detect presence of tendon thickening, bursitis, and partial tendon rupture. However, MRI is expensive and is not useful if there is any bone damage.<br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Non Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture is usually reserved for patients who are relatively sedentary or may be at higher risk for complications with surgical intervention (due to other associated medical problems). This involves a period of immobilization, followed by range of motion and strengthening exercises; unfortunately, it is associated with a higher risk of re-rupture of the tendon, and possibly a less optimal functional outcome.<br /><br><br><img class='alignleft' style='float:right;margin-right:10px;' src='http://www.myfootshop.com/content/images/thumbs/0001299_achilles-tendonitis_200.jpeg' width='250' alt='Achilles Tendinitis'/><br /><br><br></br><br /><br><br><b>Surgical Treatment</b><br /><br><br>Surgical techniques for rupture repair are varied but usually involve reapproximation of the torn ends of the Achilles tendon, sometimes reinforced by the gastrocsoleus aponeurosis or plantaris tendon. Open reconstruction is undertaken using a medial longitudinal approach. Studies indicate that patients who undergo percutaneous, rather than an open, Achilles tendon rupture repair have a minimal rate of infection but a high rate of sural nerve entrapment (16.7% of treated cases).http://cazziequell.hazblog.com/Primer-blog-b1/Causes-Signs-Or-Symptoms-And-Managing-An-Achilles-Tendon-Rupture-b1-p2.htm