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Cell-mediated immunity
CMI
is an immune response that does not
involve antibodies or complement but
rather involves the activation of
macrophages, natural killer cells (NK),
antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes,
and the release of various cytokines i

We are living in the age of Genetics (the study of how
traits are passed from one generation to the next)
' genes contain the information for producing
particular traits
Genetics can decode lifes secrets. It asks
Ultimate questions
' Origin stories
" evo

Osmoregulation Osmoregulators: Animals living in a: Hypertonic Environment- Lose water to environment Hypotonic Environment- Uptake water from environment Water movement: From low osmolarity to high osmolarity Ion movement: From hight osmolarity to low os

Nutrient Assimilation I
1. How can we measure solute uptake in a solution with cells?
2 ways: the amount of solute inside and outside
what outside the cell, subtract and find how much inside the cell.
2. Create an experiment to determine whether transpor

GSS Session 10/24/12
Heterochrony: evolution through changes in relative rates or timing of developmental events
1) Paedomorphis
a. Neotenydifference in rate (descendant develop the same traits later in life than the ancestor)
b. Postdisplacmentdifference

Nutrient Assimilation 2
1. Explain the differences between Carnivores and Herbivores. Explain how each difference
is specialized for their purpose.
2. Outline the gastrointestinal mechanism. Label and explain the purpose of the various
components.
3. Expl

Problem Set 4
BSCI 422
The following questions (#1-11) are identical to the questions in Quiz #4. They are provided here for you to
print out and bring with you to your discussion section. Please ask your TA if there is any material here that
you do not u

1. What was unknown before the study was performed? The cross-reaction types within
the 19 group pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides.
2.
What knowledge already exists about the pneumococcal capsular
polysaccharides discussed in the paper? It was indicat

Oral Presentation Rubric (Paper #2)
20 Points Total
Results:
MUST EXPLAIN:
The particular question the authors were trying to address
What was measured or observed
What technique was used
What do the results show
What conclusion can be drawn from the

Lab 10. Complement-mediated Cytolysis
Goals of this lab:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Learn the role of complement-mediated killing in immune protection.
Learn the application of complement-mediated killing for enriching a population of cells.
Learn how to distinguish liv

1
Methods/Materials/Results Assignment
Paper#1
Once the authors of a research article have stated their research questions and
hypotheses, the next steps are to describe what methods they used to answer the
question, and the results of their experiments.

Lab 8. Phagocytosis and Intracellular Killing of
Microbial Pathogens by Macrophages
Goals:
1. Understand the role of phagocytes, such as macrophages, in killing microbes, such as E. coli.
2. Understand the role of antibodies, complement, and pattern recog

Lab 6. SDS-polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis and Western blot
Goals of this lab:
1. Use SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting to analyze ZAP-70 that was immunoprecipitated
last week.
2. Learn how to prepare and run an SDS-PAGE gel.
3. Understand why the process

Lab 5. Immunoprecipitation
Goals of this lab:
1. Learn the immunoprecipitation protocol
2. Apply the immunoprecipitation technique in order to isolate an antigen of interest from a
solution.
3. Understand the role of ZAP-70 in T cell function.
4. Identify

Lab 4. Immunofluorescence Microscopy
Goals of this lab:
1. Understand how fluorochrome-tagged antibodies are used to detect antigens of interest using
immunofluorescence microscopy.
2. Explain the similarities and differences between direct and indirect l

Lab 1. The Immune Organs and Cells
The immune system protects the body from pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, and
internal threats like cancer. The immune system is able to recognize invading foreign organisms, to
prevent their sprea

1
Lab 2. Antibody-Antigen Precipitation
Goals of this lab:
1. Understand the purpose, the protocol, the application, and the limitations of the Ouchterlony
double immunodiffusion test.
2. Understand how the structure of the antibody and how antibody inter

Introduction Assignment
Paper #1
In order for scientific progress to be made, researchers must communicate their findings
to their peers in either oral or written form. Individual scientists perform experiments to
test hypotheses, and after experiments ar

Discussion Assignment
Paper#1
In a research article, it is not enough for the authors to just simply state their findings
in the results section; they must also interpret, justify, and explain the significance of
their findings. The interpretation, justif