Each week the National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS) sends out an e-mail alert called “Take Action Thursday,” which tells subscribers about current actions they can take to help animals. NAVS is a national, not-for-profit educational organization incorporated in the State of Illinois. NAVS promotes greater compassion, respect, and justice for animals through educational programs based on respected ethical and scientific theory and supported by extensive documentation of the cruelty and waste of vivisection. You can register to receive these action alerts and more at the NAVS Web site. This week’s “Take Action Thursday” takes a close look at the politics involved in trying to protect threatened or endangered species, in this case the bluefin tuna.

How much does your sushi roll cost?

Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)--Sue Flood/Nature Picture Library

In January, a 753 pound bluefin tuna was sold for $367,000 at the world famous Tsukiji market in Tokyo. Japan is the world’s largest importer of bluefin tuna. The price paid surpasses the previous record, $176,000, set 10 years ago. Bluefin tuna is prized by sushi aficionados because of its fatty flesh.

Why the drastic increase in price? Supply and demand. Overfishing, caused by exceeding and/or underreporting quotas and pirate fishing, in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea is depleting stocks, causing the population to decline after every season. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, overfishing has caused the population to decline over 80%, largely as a result of international commercial fishing.

Recently, the bluefin tuna fishing season concluded in the Mediterranean Sea. This year the quota was lowered by 600 metric tons from 13,500 to 12,900. However, the problems of overfishing remain, specifically, in the Gulf of Sidra (also called Gulf of Sirte), located off the coast of Libya. The Gulf is a known bluefin spawning area and is viewed as the richest remaining area. This area highlights the problem of the lack of enforcement of rules intended to prevent overfishing, despite being regulated by United Nations treaties, the European Union, and separate laws among the 21 nations that border the Mediterranean Sea. These problems have not gone unnoticed; the European Union’s fisheries commissioner has acknowledged that “88 percent of European fish stocks, measured against maximum sustainable yield, are overexploited.” So far no actions have been taken to fix the problems.

During this past season, French Navy jets were dispatched to the Mediterranean Sea to monitor ongoing fishing activity. However, their presence has provided little protection to the bluefin tuna. For example, environmental organizations are also there to ensure that the quotas and regulations of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) are enforced. But, when the environmentalists have encountered vessels to ensure that they are adhering to the quotas and regulations, the French Navy has sided with the fishermen without justification. With this lack of enforcement, the bluefin tuna population will continue to diminish rapidly.

Federal Legislation

Currently, there are two pieces of legislation pending in Congress.

The first is House Resolution 47, which urges the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) to adopt stronger protections for bluefin tuna and many other species at the 16th meeting of the Conference in March of 2013 in Thailand. This measure has 39 sponsors but has sat in committee since March 1.

The second measure, H.R. 1806, with its sole sponsor, Rep. Frank Guinta of New Hampshire, would amend the Endangered Species Act to provide that bluefin tuna may not be treated as an endangered or threatened species. It would therefore allow the overfishing to continue and expedite the extinction of the bluefin tuna.

In May, President Obama’s administration declined to give the bluefin tuna Endangered Species Act (ESA) protection, choosing instead to classify the bluefin as a “species of concern.” When the assistant secretary for conservation and management for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was asked why the bluefin was not given ESA protection, the assistant secretary responded that it was “not likely to become extinct.”

The assistant secretary’s response is puzzling, because a year ago at the CITES convention, the U.S. backed the international effort to have the bluefin protected under the convention. However, the ban was blocked, with opposition from Japan, the European Union, and African countries that border the Mediterranean Sea.

NOAA has said that the bluefin’s status as a “species of concern” could be revisited in early 2013. At that time scientists at the agency hope to have a better assessment of the number of bluefins that remain in the spawning grounds in the Gulf of Mexico. Until then the bluefins will continue to be fished in both U.S. waters and around the world, including their two spawning grounds, the Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean Sea.

So, how much does your sushi roll cost? Perhaps a better question is: what will replace the Atlantic bluefin tuna in your sushi roll?

The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) estimates that as few as 25,000 individual mature bluefin tuna remain. Your action in supporting efforts to protect the bluefin tuna may lay the foundation for saving these magnificent fish from extinction. Meanwhile, why not try something else in your sushi. If you are going to eat fish, try the Shedd Aquarium’s “Right Bite” list of environmentally better choices.

Legal Trends

On June 29, 2011, a federal judge upheld the U.S. Fish and Wildlife’s decision to list the polar bears under the Endangered Species Act. The lawsuit challenging the 2008 listing of polar bears as a “threatened” species was brought by the State of Alaska, charging that it would unreasonably limit resource development in the state. U.S. District Judge Emmet Sullivan determined that the decision to protect bears because of melting Arctic sea ice was well supported, and noted that the plight of the polar bear was “troubling.” As a result of the ESA listing, U.S. officials proposed setting aside a portion of land and sea ice as habitat for the bears that is larger than the state of California. The polar bear population was estimated in 2008 to be 20,000 to 25,000 animals worldwide.

"Service Animal" Scammers (New Yorker): An increasing number of your neighbors have been keeping company with their pets in human-only establishments simply by claiming that the creatures are their licensed companion animals and are necessary to their mental well-being.