All of these routes terminate at City Point at East First Street and O Street. They approach it via East First and a one-way pair on P Street (south/west bound) and Farragut Road (north/east bound). All buses but the 11 turn west onto East Fourth Street (westbound) and East Broadway (eastbound), with westbound buses running north a block on L Street to rejoin eastbound buses at L Street and East Broadway.

Until Spring 1982, buses used East Fourth and P in both directions to the old North Point Carhouse at East Second Street. This was inherited from the path of the old streetcar tracks.

The waterfront area is also served by the #4 North Station - World Trade Center via Federal Courthouse & South Station, as well as the 448, 449 and 459 express buses to the Lynn area and the very-limited service early morning 171 between Dudley and Logan Airport (which may not stop in South Boston).

Contents

The 5 City Point - McCormack Housing via Andrew Station leaves the City Point area via East Broadway and Dorchester Street to Andrew. After passing through the Andrew busway, 5 buses run east on Preble Street and south on Old Colony Avenue, ending at McCormack Housing.

The number 5 was assigned to the Fish Pier (Northern Ave.)-South Station via Summer St. route until June 1968, when it was combined into the 6 and 7 due to the closure of the Summer Street overpass. The current route was started in 1977, after a 1975 experimental route between Broadway and Copley (replaced by an extension of the 9). The current 5 was originally known as 10A, being the same as 10 east of Andrew.

The Broadway Bridge was closed July 11, 1952, and the line was cut back to Broadway station - City Point. The bridge reopened and service resumed on a single track August 9, but service was ended March 1, 1953, and replaced by buses. Shuttles continued to run in the subway from the Pleasant Street Incline until December 4, 1953; the 43 (itself later a shuttle) continued to the portal until April 5, 1962.

The 9 was extended to Copley in September 1975, replacing experimental route 5; since then changes have been made in routing (specifically due to Broadway being closed).

Streetcars last ran on the 10 City Point-Dudley via Andrew on December 4, 1953. This route went west from Andrew on Southampton Street and Northampton Street, turning south on Washington Street to Dudley. The 10 was merged with the 68 Boston City Hospital-Copley in May 1987, with the opening of the new Orange Line. Only minor changes have been made since then.

Streetcars last served the 11 on January 18, 1929, running between City Point and Broadway station.[1] As a streetcar line, the 11 originally left City Point on P Street, turning west on East Sixth Street, south on K Street and west on Eighth Street, from which it continued across Dorchester Street to turn north on E Street, west on Sixth Street, north on C Street and west on Fourth Street to Dorchester Avenue (with possibly a different route in the other direction). When the Broadway underground streetcar level opened in 1917, streetcars were rerouted into there. Andrew opened in 1918, truncating most lines that had run to Broadway, and only the 11 was left, resulting in the closure of the level in 1919 after only two years of use. From then on, 11 cars terminated on the surface, and by 1925 the separate tracks beyond Dorchester Street were gone due to clearance issues with new cars, with the 11 rerouted to turn east on Dorchester Street and west on Broadway. [2]

Various changes have been made since then, mostly relating to the extension downtown, which was made before 1964.

1.
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority is the public agency responsible for operating most public transportation services in Greater Boston, Massachusetts. Earlier modes of transportation in Boston were independently owned and operated. In 2008, the system averaged 1.3 million passenger trips each weekday, of which the subway averaged 598,200, making it the fourth-busiest subway system in the United States. Further, the Green Line and Ashmont–Mattapan High Speed Line comprise the busiest light-rail system in the U. S. with a ridership of 255,100. The MBTA is the largest consumer of electricity in Massachusetts, in 2007, its CNG bus fleet was the largest consumer of alternative fuels in the state. The MBTA operates an independent law enforcement agency, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Police, development of mass transportation both followed and shaped economic and population patterns. This marked the beginning of the development of American intercity railroads, which in Massachusetts would later become the MBTA Commuter Rail system, starting with the opening of the Cambridge Railroad on March 26,1856, a profusion of streetcar lines appeared in Boston under chartered companies. Despite the change of companies, Boston is the city with the oldest continuously working streetcar system in the world, many of these companies consolidated, and animal-drawn vehicles were converted to electric propulsion. Streetcar congestion in downtown Boston led to the subways in 1897, the Tremont Street Subway was the first rapid transit tunnel in the United States. Grade-separation added capacity and avoided delays caused by cross streets, various extensions and branches were added at both ends, bypassing more surface tracks. As grade-separated lines were extended, street-running lines were cut back for faster downtown service, however, the Green Lines Causeway Street Elevated remained in service until 2004, when it was relocated into a tunnel with an incline to reconnect to the Lechmere Viaduct. The Boston Elevated Railway started replacing trains with buses in 1922, in 1936, it started replacing rail with trackless trolleys. The last Middlesex & Boston Street Railway streetcar ran in 1930, by the beginning of 1953, the only remaining streetcar lines fed two tunnels—the main Tremont Street Subway network downtown and the short tunnel in Harvard Square. The old elevated railways proved to be an eyesore and required several sharp curves in Bostons twisty streets, the Atlantic Avenue Elevated was closed in 1938 amidst declining ridership and was demolished in 1942. As rail passenger service became unprofitable, largely due to rising automobile ownership. The MTA purchased and took over subway, elevated, streetcar, in the 1950s, the MTA ran new subway extensions, while the last two streetcar lines running into the Pleasant Street Portal of the Tremont Street Subway were substituted with buses in 1953 and 1962. While the operations of the MTA were relatively stable by the early 1960s, the 1945 Coolidge Commission plan assumed that most of the commuter rail lines would be replaced by shorter rapid transit extensions, or simply feed into them at reduced service levels. Passenger service on the entire Old Colony Railroad system serving the part of the state was abandoned by the New Haven Railroad in 1959

2.
MBTA Bus
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority operates 177 bus routes in the Greater Boston area, many of which were formerly part of a large streetcar system. Some routes are for local transport within the city, others bring passengers from surrounding areas to stops on the MBTA Commuter Rail or subway lines, much of this service is provided by bus. Fifteen routes designed as key routes run with higher frequency at all times, most MBTA Bus service is served by diesel, compressed natural gas, and diesel-electric hybrid buses. Silver Line routes running in the Waterfront Tunnel use dual-mode buses that operate as trolleybuses in the tunnel, four routes based out of the Harvard Bus Tunnel run with trolleybuses in Cambridge, Massachusetts and also serve several surrounding suburbs. All buses and routes are wheelchair-accessible, most of the MBTAs bus fleet consists of buses with wheelchair ramps. All buses have amber colored LED exterior headsigns displaying route and destination and this is the current bus roster for the MBTA as of March 2017, including three groups of buses where delivery is ongoing. All buses are 102 inches wide, most buses are 40-foot length while 97 of the total MBTA bus fleet are 60-foot articulated buses. On June 29,2015, the MassDOT board approved the purchase of 325 new 40-foot buses from New Flyer, the 325 buses, costing a total of $222.2 million, will be delivered in 2016 and 2017 following the acceptance of a production test model. They will replace the remaining C40LF and 40-LFW fleets, six additional hybrid buses will be used for privately operated routes 712 and 713 when a new contract begins on July 1,2017. On October 5,2015, the MBTA Fiscal Control Board approved the purchase of 44 new 60-foot articulated hybrid buses from New Flyer to replace the now-retired CNG-powered Neoplan AN460LF fleet. The contract will include an option for a hybrid bus with extended-range electric operation for Silver Line Waterfront use. If tested successfully, an option for up to 45 hybrid buses with extended-range electric operation would be exercised to replace the dual-mode AN460LF fleet. In February 2015, the MBTA was awarded a $4.14 million FTA grant to purchase five 60-foot articulated battery electric buses from New Flyer, in late 2016, the MBTA will place a prototype 40-foot hydrogen fuel cell bus provided by the FTA into service. MBTA buses are operated out of the facilities listed below, Route 28, SL4, & SL5 use Southampton St. 40-foot buses, Route 39 uses Arborway and/or Cabot buses. Some buses are being loaned to other yards due to shortage, most local bus routes in Massachusetts outside the immediate MBTA operating area are operated by the states other regional transit authorities. However, some routes that connect with MBTA bus or subway service are operated by private contractors with partial subsidy by the MBTA. Five routes – the 710, 712/713,714, and 716 – are numbered like other MBTA buses, their operators accept MBTA passes on CharlieTickets, the five routes are primarily commuter routes which connect with other MBTA services at their inbound terminals. They were taken over various private operators

3.
South Boston
–
South Boston is a densely populated neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, located south and east of the Fort Point Channel and abutting Dorchester Bay. South Boston, most popularly known as Southie, was once a working class Irish Catholic community. South Boston contains Dorchester Heights, where George Washington forced British troops to evacuate during the American Revolutionary War, South Boston has undergone gentrification, and consequently, its real estate market has seen property values join the highest in the city. South Boston has also left its mark on history with Boston busing desegregation, South Boston is also home to the St. Patricks Day Parade, a celebration of the Irish-American culture and the Evacuation Day observance. Geographically, Dorchester Neck was an isthmus, a strip of land that connected the mainland of the colonial settlement of Dorchester with Dorchester Heights. South Boston gained an identity separate from Dorchester, but the two were annexed by Boston in pieces, from 1804 to 1870. During the American Revolutionary War, George Washington placed a cannon on Dorchester Heights, the British evacuated Boston and Fort William and Mary for Halifax, Nova Scotia. Fort William and Mary was replaced with a fortification known as Fort Independence. That fort was replaced by a granite fortification prior to the American Civil War, edgar Allan Poe was stationed at Castle Island for five months in 1827 and was inspired to write The Cask of Amontillado based on an early Castle Island legend. During the 1970s, South Boston received national attention for its opposition to court-mandated school desegregation by busing students to different neighborhoods. In the early 21st century, property values, especially in the City Point neighborhood near Castle Island, the City Point area of South Boston, labeled East Side by realtors, has seen a major increase in property values due to its close proximity to downtown Boston and gentrification. Additionally, the West Side is home to the first green residence in Boston — the Macallen Building which was featured in the movie The Greening of Southie. The City of Boston is investing in the West Side through developments like the ~150, the Harrison house is a mansion located in Southie. It was used as a residence until 1913. At that time it was purchased by the Roman Catholic Church to use the space as a convent, since 1987, its current owner has converted it into apartment style housing. The house located at 789 East Broadway is full of rich history and it is associated with Harrison Loring, who owned and operated one of the first South Boston shipyards. The history behind the South Boston, Saint Patricks Day Parade is General John Henry Knox brought 55 cannons captured at Fort Ticonderoga, in March, the troops positioned the cannons on Dorchester Heights. They had cut trees to cannon size, hollowed them out

4.
Boston, Massachusetts
–
Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies

5.
Red Line (MBTA)
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The Red Line is a rapid transit line operated by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. South of JFK/UMass in Dorchester, it splits into two branches terminating at Braintree and Ashmont stations, transfers to rail are again possible at JFK/UMass, Quincy Center. From Ashmont, passengers may continue to Mattapan via the Ashmont–Mattapan High Speed Line, all Red Line stations are handicapped accessible except Wollaston on the Braintree branch, and Valley Road on the Ashmont-Mattapan High Speed Line. As of 2015, MBTA is designing renovations to make Wollaston fully accessible, the Red Line was the last of the four original Boston subway lines to come into being. Construction of the Cambridge Tunnel, connecting Harvard Square to Boston, was delayed by a dispute over the number of stations to be built along the new line. The contending groups finally compromised on two stations, at Central and Kendall Squares, allowing construction to start in 1909. The section from Harvard to Park Street was opened by the Boston Elevated Railway on March 23,1912, at Harvard, a prepayment station provided easy transfer to streetcars routed through what is now the Harvard Bus Tunnel. From Harvard, the Cambridge Tunnel traveled beneath Massachusetts Avenue to Central Square station, ave until Main Street, which it followed to reach Kendall station. The underground line then rose onto the Longfellow Bridge, using a central right-of-way which had been reserved during the bridges 1900–1906 construction, further extensions opened to Broadway on December 15,1917 and Andrew on June 29,1918, both prepayment stations for streetcar transfer. The Broadway station included a level with its own tunnel for streetcars. The upper level at Broadway was later incorporated into the mezzanine, next came the Dorchester Extension, following a rail right-of-way created in 1870 by the Shawmut Branch Railroad. Columbia and Savin Hill stations were built on the surface at the sites of former Old Colony stations, following the completion of the Dorchester Extension, the line became known as the Cambridge-Dorchester Tunnel. It was marked on maps as Route 1, after taking over operations in August 1964, the MBTA began rebranding many elements of Bostons public transportation network. On August 26,1965, the four transit lines were assigned colored names related to their history. On August 26,1965, the four transit lines received color designations as part of a systemwide rebranding by the newly formed MBTA. The Cambridge-Dorchester Tunnel became the Red Line because crimson is the color of Harvard University. In 1968, letters were assigned to the branches, A for Quincy. B was probably reserved for a branch from Braintree to Brockton

6.
Andrew (MBTA station)
–
Andrew is a rapid transit station on the MBTA Red Line, located at Andrew Square in South Boston, Massachusetts. Named for John Albion Andrew, the square is at the intersection of major thoroughfares, Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester Street, Southampton Street. Andrew is the transfer point between the Red Line subway and the MBTA surface bus routes into South Boston. Opened in 1918 and renovated in 1994, it is wheelchair accessible. The station opened in June 1918 as the terminus of the Cambridge-Dorchester Line. A multiple track streetcar station was built on the surface, with connections from the rapid transit platforms. Andrew was the terminus of the line until November 1927, when Columbia, Savin Hill, the fare mezzanines and staircases were reconfigured over the years as streetcars were replaced by trackless trolleys and later buses. Streetcars and trackless trolleys entered the station from Dorchester Avenue. The platforms were extended in the mid 1980s to allow six-car trains, work began in September 1990, the station was closed nights and some weekends until March 1991 during the heaviest work. Construction on the finished in January 1994. The rebuilt station incorporates elevators to the platforms to provide full handicapped accessibility, the boxes are to be opened in 2068,75 years after their installation. The restored original wood frame toll takers booth from the 1920s is installed as a permanent display in the inbound-outbound crossover lobby. Andrew is the bus transfer point for several lines running to South Boston, as well as several routes that ran across Roxbury and Dorchester, CT3. Medical Center 5, City Point – McCormack Housing via Andrew Station 10, City Point – Copley Square via Andrew Station & B. U

7.
Broadway (MBTA station)
–
Broadway is a station on the Red Line subway at the intersection of Dorchester Avenue and Broadway in South Boston, Massachusetts. It was opened on December 15,1917 as part of the Dorchester Extension of the Cambridge Connection from Downtown Crossing to Andrew, the station has a single island platform to serve the two tracks. Broadway was planned to be a stop on the Urban Ring Project, after the Cambridge Tunnel was completed between Harvard and Park Street in 1912, work began to extend the line south to Dorchester. Rather than being opened all at once, the section was opened station-by-station as soon as possible due to popularity. Extensions opened to Washington in 1915, South Station Under in 1916, Broadway was the southern terminus of the line until Andrew opened on June 29,1918. Not until Columbia and Savin Hill opened in 1927 were there other island platforms used on the line, Broadway station was originally built as a three-level station, with six stairways to allow easy transfer between streetcars and subway trains. Some streetcars stopped at a platform, others in a tunnel just below ground. Each level consisted of two tracks and an island platform, the street-level platform served streetcars that ran from the Tremont Street Subway to City Point and South Boston via the Pleasant Street Portal and Broadway, on the #9 streetcar line. Buses replaced the line to Bay View in 1929. In 1985, Broadway underwent a renovation which included lengthening the platform to allow the use of 6-car trains on the Red Line. Elevators were installed, making Broadway one of the first older stations on the system to be modified for handicapped accessibility. In October 2012, Broadway became the 4th station in the system to receive a digital clock which shows when the next two trains in each direction will arrive. The sign was part of a program which was expanded to much of Red, Orange. The middle-level streetcar tunnel ran from a portal on Foundry Street south to another in the median of Dorchester Avenue, the Dorchester Avenue portal was filled in December 1941, but much of the tunnel is still extant. The streetcar tunnel saw several adaptive reuses, in the 1930s, the Boston Elevated Railway attempted to grow mushrooms in the tunnel, and in the 1980s it was used to test tactile platform edging for blind passengers. The 1985-built fare lobby occupies a section of the old streetcar platform, after the September 11th attacks focused attention on infrastructure safety preparedness, the MBTA used the tunnel to train firefighters to respond to a burning train. Until 2012, passerby could peer through a fence fronting the concrete portal on Foundry Street, in mid 2012, the MBTA started construction on an $10 million emergency training center located in the old streetcar tunnel, to replace the previous equipment. The $8.8 million facility, paid for with Department of Homeland Security funding, the first Blue Line car was lowered into the Foundry Street Portal by crane in September 2012

8.
South Station (MBTA station)
–
South Station is a transfer station on the MBTA rapid transit Red Line and bus rapid transit Silver Line, located at Summer Street and Atlantic Avenue in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. It is a part of the South Station complex, the second busiest transportation center in New England, eight MBTA Commuter Rail and three Amtrak intercity rail services terminate at South Station, many of those passengers then transfer to the subway to reach other destinations in the city. With 25,037 daily boardings by a 2013 passenger count, a station serving South Station was located on the Atlantic Avenue Elevated. Service on the Atlantic Avenue El was discontinued on September 20,1938, the structure itself was torn down in the spring of 1942. Before stairs were added, passengers wishing to change lines from the underground station — itself opened on December 3,1916 — had to use a paper transfer and go outside to change trains. In 1957, the fare lobby and the rounded top of the tunnel to the west were removed during construction of the Dewey Square Tunnel. The tunnel was rebuilt with a ceiling, while the fare lobby was moved to the east closer to the South Station headhouse. A second renovation began around 1980 and consisted of the adding of a passageway to already existing stairs and escalators upstairs to the terminal building. An entrance was added to the Federal Archives Building as well as a passageway under Summer Street connecting the other street entrances. In 1985, the Red Line platforms were extended 60 feet on either end to allow 6-car trains, the final renovation was triggered by the massive highway project known as the Big Dig. Since the Red Line tunnel beneath Summer Street is perpendicular to Atlantic Avenue, after the first tunnel was complete, another tunnel was added along with a station for the Silver Line. Since the new tunnel was built at the former fare level and this allowed combined access for the Silver and Red lines. The original lobby that was destroyed was replaced by stairways and this project was completed at a cost of 35 million dollars. In 2010, the project was placed on indefinite hold, currently, those wishing to take the Silver Line to Dudley Square can walk to the Atlantic Avenue side of South Station and cross Atlantic Avenue to the street-level Silver Line bus stop. In early 2005, a blue and white tile mosaic reading South Station Under was discovered during renovations to the Red Line platform, the MBTA had the mosaic restored to its original condition during the project. The Red Line part of the station has two tracks and two side platforms, the Silver Line SL4 service that began in October 2009 stops at Atlantic Avenue and Essex Street near the Bus Terminal. Other Silver Line service is provided in a tunnel near the Red Line platforms. There are underground passageways upstairs to the inter-city rail station and many restaurants, there are entrances at street level on all four corners of the intersection of Summer Street and Atlantic Avenue

9.
City Point (MBTA station)
–
City Point was a transportation station in South Boston, Massachusetts, at the terminus of the former SL3 branch of the MBTAs Silver Line. It lacked waiting facilities for passengers, and existed solely as a turnaround for the buses on the SL3, the station was closed when the SL3 line was dropped in 2008 due to low ridership. The City Point area is served by the #5,7,9,10 and 11 buses. All except the #5 were formerly streetcar routes, streetcars last ran on the #11 in 1929. Until October 1985, when the modern turnaround loop was built, service ran to the former location at East 2nd Street. Silver Line MBTA bus routes in South Boston

10.
Streetcar
–
A tram is a rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways, Tramways powered by electricity, the most common type historically, were once called electric street railways. However, trams were used in urban areas before the universal adoption of electrification. Tram lines may run between cities and/or towns, and/or partially grade-separated even in the cities. Very occasionally, trams also carry freight, Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than conventional trains and rapid transit trains, but the size of trams is rapidly increasing. Some trams may also run on railway tracks, a tramway may be upgraded to a light rail or a rapid transit line. For all these reasons, the differences between the modes of rail transportation are often indistinct. In the United States, the tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tired trackless trains. Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a pantograph, in some cases by a sliding shoe on a third rail. If necessary, they may have dual power systems — electricity in city streets, trams are now included in the wider term light rail, which also includes segregated systems. The English terms tram and tramway are derived from the Scots word tram, referring respectively to a type of truck used in coal mines and the tracks on which they ran. The word tram probably derived from Middle Flemish trame, a Romanesque word meaning the beam or shaft of a barrow or sledge, the identical word la trame with the meaning crossbeam is also used in the French language. The word Tram-car is attested from 1873, although the terms tram and tramway have been adopted by many languages, they are not used universally in English, North Americans prefer streetcar, trolley, or trolleycar. The term streetcar is first recorded in 1840, and originally referred to horsecars, when electrification came, Americans began to speak of trolleycars or later, trolleys. The troller design frequently fell off the wires, and was replaced by other more reliable devices. The terms trolley pole and trolley wheel both derive from the troller, Modern trams often have an overhead pantograph mechanical linkage to connect to power, abandoning the trolley pole altogether. Conventional diesel tourist buses decorated to look like streetcars are sometimes called trolleys in the US, the term may also apply to an aerial ropeway, e. g. the Roosevelt Island Tramway. Over time, the trolley has fallen into informal use

11.
448 (MBTA bus)
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs through the South Boston Transitway tunnel, and Washington Street service that runs on the surface via Washington Street. The Waterfront service costs the same as a fare, while the Washington Street service costs a regular bus fare. The SL5 route was created in 2002 as a replacement for the Washington Street Elevated, the Shuttle route began operations in 2004, followed by the Sl1 and SL2 in 2005 when dual-mode buses became available. The SL4 was introduced in 2009 as a replacement for the canceled Phase III tunnel, the crosstown buses provide limited-stop service on three routes that connect major subway and bus transfer points. The routes were created by the MBTA in 1994 and these routes provide almost all local service in the core of the metropolitan area, most were originally Boston Elevated Railway streetcar routes. They were originally numbered roughly clockwise from southeast to northeast, with 4 the furthest south in South Boston and 121 the furthest north in East Boston. The BERy folded into the Metropolitan Transit Authority in 1947, despite some changes, including minor routes being merged into trunk routes, the core service network has remained roughly intact since the BERy eta. Several new routes, including the 1,5, and 47, have been added during the M. T. A. and MBTA eras. Fifteen of these routes are designated as key bus routes, they supplement the system to provide frequent service to the densest areas of the city. In mid-2015, late-night service on key bus routes was cut back. Key bus routes are designated on this list with an *, numbers from 131 to 137 operate in the Melrose area, they are mostly former Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway routes which were folded into the MBTA system in 1968. The 136 and 137 were briefly operated as far as Lowell and Lawrence, their original Eastern Mass terminals, the 132 was a Service Bus Lines route which was not operated by the MBTA until 1975. 170 and 171 are special low-service routes, the 170 a variant of the 70 introduced in 1968, other numbers in the 170s were used for largely short-lived routes serving industrial areas. Routes from 191 to 194 are single round trips in the morning, mainly meant for subway fare collectors. They were introduced by the M. T. A. in 1960, route 195 is a special low-service route not open to the general public nor shown on MBTA maps. It connects downtown Boston with the shelter at Lemuel Shattuck Hospital

12.
449 (MBTA bus)
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs through the South Boston Transitway tunnel, and Washington Street service that runs on the surface via Washington Street. The Waterfront service costs the same as a fare, while the Washington Street service costs a regular bus fare. The SL5 route was created in 2002 as a replacement for the Washington Street Elevated, the Shuttle route began operations in 2004, followed by the Sl1 and SL2 in 2005 when dual-mode buses became available. The SL4 was introduced in 2009 as a replacement for the canceled Phase III tunnel, the crosstown buses provide limited-stop service on three routes that connect major subway and bus transfer points. The routes were created by the MBTA in 1994 and these routes provide almost all local service in the core of the metropolitan area, most were originally Boston Elevated Railway streetcar routes. They were originally numbered roughly clockwise from southeast to northeast, with 4 the furthest south in South Boston and 121 the furthest north in East Boston. The BERy folded into the Metropolitan Transit Authority in 1947, despite some changes, including minor routes being merged into trunk routes, the core service network has remained roughly intact since the BERy eta. Several new routes, including the 1,5, and 47, have been added during the M. T. A. and MBTA eras. Fifteen of these routes are designated as key bus routes, they supplement the system to provide frequent service to the densest areas of the city. In mid-2015, late-night service on key bus routes was cut back. Key bus routes are designated on this list with an *, numbers from 131 to 137 operate in the Melrose area, they are mostly former Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway routes which were folded into the MBTA system in 1968. The 136 and 137 were briefly operated as far as Lowell and Lawrence, their original Eastern Mass terminals, the 132 was a Service Bus Lines route which was not operated by the MBTA until 1975. 170 and 171 are special low-service routes, the 170 a variant of the 70 introduced in 1968, other numbers in the 170s were used for largely short-lived routes serving industrial areas. Routes from 191 to 194 are single round trips in the morning, mainly meant for subway fare collectors. They were introduced by the M. T. A. in 1960, route 195 is a special low-service route not open to the general public nor shown on MBTA maps. It connects downtown Boston with the shelter at Lemuel Shattuck Hospital

13.
459 (MBTA bus)
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs through the South Boston Transitway tunnel, and Washington Street service that runs on the surface via Washington Street. The Waterfront service costs the same as a fare, while the Washington Street service costs a regular bus fare. The SL5 route was created in 2002 as a replacement for the Washington Street Elevated, the Shuttle route began operations in 2004, followed by the Sl1 and SL2 in 2005 when dual-mode buses became available. The SL4 was introduced in 2009 as a replacement for the canceled Phase III tunnel, the crosstown buses provide limited-stop service on three routes that connect major subway and bus transfer points. The routes were created by the MBTA in 1994 and these routes provide almost all local service in the core of the metropolitan area, most were originally Boston Elevated Railway streetcar routes. They were originally numbered roughly clockwise from southeast to northeast, with 4 the furthest south in South Boston and 121 the furthest north in East Boston. The BERy folded into the Metropolitan Transit Authority in 1947, despite some changes, including minor routes being merged into trunk routes, the core service network has remained roughly intact since the BERy eta. Several new routes, including the 1,5, and 47, have been added during the M. T. A. and MBTA eras. Fifteen of these routes are designated as key bus routes, they supplement the system to provide frequent service to the densest areas of the city. In mid-2015, late-night service on key bus routes was cut back. Key bus routes are designated on this list with an *, numbers from 131 to 137 operate in the Melrose area, they are mostly former Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway routes which were folded into the MBTA system in 1968. The 136 and 137 were briefly operated as far as Lowell and Lawrence, their original Eastern Mass terminals, the 132 was a Service Bus Lines route which was not operated by the MBTA until 1975. 170 and 171 are special low-service routes, the 170 a variant of the 70 introduced in 1968, other numbers in the 170s were used for largely short-lived routes serving industrial areas. Routes from 191 to 194 are single round trips in the morning, mainly meant for subway fare collectors. They were introduced by the M. T. A. in 1960, route 195 is a special low-service route not open to the general public nor shown on MBTA maps. It connects downtown Boston with the shelter at Lemuel Shattuck Hospital

14.
Lynn (MA)
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Lynn is the largest city in Essex County, Massachusetts. Situated on the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 10 miles north of downtown Boston, an early colonial settlement and industrial center, Lynn was long colloquially referred to as the City of Sin, owing to its historic reputation for crime and vice. The city also is home to the southernmost portion of the Essex Coastal Scenic Byway, Lynn Heritage State Park, prior to European colonization, the area today known as Lynn was inhabited by the Naumkeag people. European settlement of the area was begun in 1629 by Edmund Ingalls, the English settled Lynn not long after the 1607 establishment of Jamestown, Virginia--the first successful English colony in North America--and the 1620 arrival of the Mayflower at Plymouth. The area today encompassing Lynn was originally incorporated in 1631 as Saugus, a noteworthy early Lynn colonist, Thomas Halsey, left Lynn to settle the East End of Long Island, where he founded the Town of Southampton, New York. The resulting Halsey House—the oldest extant frame house in New York State --is now open to the public, under the aegis of the Southampton Colonial Society. Further European settlement of Lynn led to several independent towns being formed, with Reading created in 1644, Lynnfield in 1782, Saugus in 1815, Swampscott in 1852, and Nahant in 1853. The City of Lynn was incorporated in 1850, taking its name from Kings Lynn, Norfolk, England, Colonial Lynn was an early center of tannery and shoe-making, which began in 1635. The boots worn by Continental Army soldiers during the Revolutionary War were made in Lynn, and this legacy is reflected in the citys seal, which features a colonial boot. In 1816, a stage coach was operating through Lynn. By 1836,23 stage coaches left the Lynn Hotel for Boston each day, the Eastern Railroad Line between Salem and East Boston opened on August 28,1838. This was later merged with the Boston and Maine Railroad and called the Eastern Division, in 1847 telegraph wires passed through Lynn, but no telegraph service station was built until 1858. During the middle of the century, estates and beach cottages were constructed along Lynns shoreline. Many of the structures built during this period are situated within the National Register-listed Diamond Historic District. Further inland, industrial activity contemporaneously expanded in Lynn, shoe manufacturers, led by Charles A. Coffin and Silas Abbott Barton, invested in the early electric industry, specifically in 1883 with Elihu Thomson and his Thomson-Houston Electric Company. That company merged with Edison Electric Company of Schenectady, New York, forming General Electric in 1892, Coffin served as the first president of General Electric. Initially the General Electric plant specialized in arc lights, electric motors, later it specialized in aircraft electrical systems and components, and aircraft engines were built in Lynn during WWII. That engine plant evolved into the current jet engine plant during WWII because of contacts at MIT in Cambridge

15.
171 (MBTA bus)
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The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs through the South Boston Transitway tunnel, and Washington Street service that runs on the surface via Washington Street. The Waterfront service costs the same as a fare, while the Washington Street service costs a regular bus fare. The SL5 route was created in 2002 as a replacement for the Washington Street Elevated, the Shuttle route began operations in 2004, followed by the Sl1 and SL2 in 2005 when dual-mode buses became available. The SL4 was introduced in 2009 as a replacement for the canceled Phase III tunnel, the crosstown buses provide limited-stop service on three routes that connect major subway and bus transfer points. The routes were created by the MBTA in 1994 and these routes provide almost all local service in the core of the metropolitan area, most were originally Boston Elevated Railway streetcar routes. They were originally numbered roughly clockwise from southeast to northeast, with 4 the furthest south in South Boston and 121 the furthest north in East Boston. The BERy folded into the Metropolitan Transit Authority in 1947, despite some changes, including minor routes being merged into trunk routes, the core service network has remained roughly intact since the BERy eta. Several new routes, including the 1,5, and 47, have been added during the M. T. A. and MBTA eras. Fifteen of these routes are designated as key bus routes, they supplement the system to provide frequent service to the densest areas of the city. In mid-2015, late-night service on key bus routes was cut back. Key bus routes are designated on this list with an *, numbers from 131 to 137 operate in the Melrose area, they are mostly former Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway routes which were folded into the MBTA system in 1968. The 136 and 137 were briefly operated as far as Lowell and Lawrence, their original Eastern Mass terminals, the 132 was a Service Bus Lines route which was not operated by the MBTA until 1975. 170 and 171 are special low-service routes, the 170 a variant of the 70 introduced in 1968, other numbers in the 170s were used for largely short-lived routes serving industrial areas. Routes from 191 to 194 are single round trips in the morning, mainly meant for subway fare collectors. They were introduced by the M. T. A. in 1960, route 195 is a special low-service route not open to the general public nor shown on MBTA maps. It connects downtown Boston with the shelter at Lemuel Shattuck Hospital

16.
Dudley (MBTA station)
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Dudley Square is a ground-level bus station located in Dudley Square, Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is a point between 17 Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus routes, including two Silver Line bus rapid transit lines and 15 local MBTA Bus routes. Like all MBTA bus stops, Dudley is fully handicapped accessible, Dudley was originally opened in 1901 as a BERy Main Line Elevated station. The last segment of the original Main Line Elevated, the Washington Street Elevated, closed in 1987, six years later, Silver Line service began in 2002. Dudley is a property in the Dudley Station Historic District. The Boston Elevated Railway opened its Main Line Elevated on June 10,1901, the line ran from Sullivan Square on the Charlestown Elevated, through the Tremont Street Subway, and on the Washington Street Elevated to a southern terminal located at Dudley Square. Along with the rest of the Washington Street Elevated, Dudley Street Terminal was designed by Alexander Wadsworth Longfellow and it featured a Beaux Arts-style waiting area, clad in copper with an internal arched structure. Like many BERy stations, Dudley Street Terminal was designed for efficient transfers between streetcars and subway trains, other streetcars - largely on crosstown routes that did not terminate at Dudley - stopped at street-level platforms underneath the elevated station. The Washington Street Elevated was extended south to Forest Hills on November 22,1909, the loop allowing trains to return downtown from Dudley was kept, and a new southbound platform was added. In 1910, the streetcar loops were expanded and roofed to handle larger-than-expected crowds. Dudley quickly became overcrowded, in 1917, a transfer area was built at Egleston to the south. As streetcar routes were bustituted during the 1940s and 1950s, the platforms were modified for use by buses. The east loop was rebuilt over a six-month period for trolleybus operations. The Main Line Elevated was renamed the Orange Line in 1967, from 1979 to 1987, the Southwest Corridor was rebuilt, with 2 Orange Line and 3 commuter rail tracks in a trench replacing a 4-track embankment. Trains last ran on the Elevated on April 30,1987, even without the Elevated, Dudley Square remained a major bus transfer location. After several years, the former Elevated station was converted into a new bus station, the 784, 000-pound station building was lowered 12 feet to the ground and rolled 180 feet to the south. The original station building covers north-south oriented bus platforms A, B, and C, new shelters in a similar style were built for east-west platforms D, E, and F. When completed in late 1993, the new Dudley Square bus station served over 10,000 daily passengers, when the Washington Street Elevated was removed, the MBTA originally promised to run light rail service over its former route

17.
Logan Airport
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It covers 2,384 acres, has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is the largest airport in the New England region and 17th-busiest airport in the United States and it is named after General Edward Lawrence Logan. In 2016, Massport reported an 8. 5% increase in passenger traffic comparing 2015 to 2016, the airport serves as a focus city for JetBlue, which carries out the largest operations from Logan International Airport, as well as a hub for Delta Air Lines. The regional airline Cape Air and commuter airline PenAir all carry out hub operations from Boston, American Airlines also carries out many operations from the airport. All of the major U. S. air carriers offer flights from Boston to all or the majority of their primary and secondary hubs and it is also a destination of many major European airlines. The airport has frequent service to destinations throughout North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, the North Atlantic region, the Middle East, Europe and this has turned Boston Logan in one of Americas fastest growing airports. Logan Airport opened on September 8,1923, and was used mainly by the Massachusetts Air Guard and it was then called Jeffery Field. The first scheduled passenger flights were on Colonial Air Transport between Boston and New York City in 1927. On January 1,1936, the weather station became the official point for Bostons weather observations. Until around 1950 the airline terminal was at 42. 367N71. 0275W, during the 1940s the airport added 1,800 acres of landfill in Boston Harbor, taken from the former Governors, Noddles and Apple Islands. In 1943 the state renamed the airport after Lt. General Edward Lawrence Logan, in 1952, Logan Airport became the first in the United States with an indirect rapid transit connection, with the opening of the Airport station on the Blue Line. The December 1950 diagram shows a similar to the current one,7,000 ft runway 4L,10, 000-ft 4R,7, 000-ft 9 and 7. The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 49 weekday departures on American,31 Eastern,25 Northeast,8 United,7 TWA domestic,6 National,6 Mohawk,2 TCA and one Provincetown-Boston. In addition TWA had nine departures a week to or from the Atlantic, Pan Am had 18, Air France 8, BOAC4, the jumbo jet era began at Logan in summer 1970 when Pan Am started daily Boeing 747s to London Heathrow Airport. Currently, the Boeing 747-400 is scheduled on flights to Boston by British Airways, Lufthansa also operates the Boeing 747-8i on one of its daily nonstop flights to Frankfurt. When Terminal E opened in 1974 it was the second largest international arrivals facility in the United States, between 1974 and 2015, the number of international travelers at Logan has tripled. International long-haul travel has been the fastest growing market sector at the airport and this project was undertaken to extend Runway 15R/33L, which later became Logans longest runway. Residents of the neighborhood, known as Wood Island, were out of their homes

18.
Summer Street (Boston)
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Summer Street in Boston, Massachusetts, extends from Downtown Crossing in the Financial District, over Fort Point Channel, and into South Boston to the southeast. In the mid-19th century it was also called Seven Star Lane, along the route is Dewey Square, which is formed by the intersection of Atlantic Avenue, Summer, Federal, and Purchase Streets with the Surface Artery of the Boston Central Artery. The intermodal transit terminal South Station is also located along the road, with Amtrak and MBTA Commuter Rail services, as well as Red Line subway trains, in South Boston, Summer Street goes past the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center. Page & Company James Sullivan Trinity Church Dewey Square Downtown Crossing Great Boston Fire of 1872 City of Boston, Church Green Buildings Study Report,1979 Library of Congress. Photos of Summer Street Retractile Bridge, Spanning Fort Point Channel at Summer Street, Boston, Suffolk County, photos of Summer Street Bridge, Spanning Reserved Channel, Boston, Suffolk County, MA,1996

19.
Copley (MBTA station)
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Copley is a light rail station on the MBTA Green Line subway, located in the Back Bay section of Boston, Massachusetts. Located in and named after Copley Square, the station has entrances and exits along Boylston Street, Copley is fully handicapped accessible, following extensive station renovation completed in 2011. The renovation project was subject to a significant court case regarding the effects on the Old South Church. Copley Station was opened October 3,1914, as part of the Boylston Street Subway, the ornate wrought-iron head house next to the Boston Public Library was designed by the firm Fox, Jenny & Gale. Originally Copley had light blue and white tile mosaic for the name on the walls, however. As a key station on the MBTA system, Copley was a priority for the MBTA to make handicapped accessible under the Light Rail Accessibility Program, the MBTA finished design plans in 2002, representatives from the church and the library approved the plans. These plans placed the outbound elevator next to the church, in response, an MBTA preservation consultant prepared a report analyzing the impacts of the proposal. Based on this, the Federal Transit Administration issued a decision of no adverse effect, on September 14,2006, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit led by Michael Boudin confirmed the district courts decision. Construction resumed in December 2009, with the permission of church leaders, work was finished and the station declared accessible on October 29,2010. Repairs to the church, paid for by the MBTA contractors insurance, Copley Station is closed every year on the day of the Boston Marathon. After the Boston Marathon bombings on April 15,2013, Copley Station remained closed through April 23,2013, even after the Huntington Avenue Subway opened in 1941 and Copley became a transfer station, no passage was built. Copley station remains one of the few in the MBTA system that do not have a crossover between outbound and inbound platforms. As there is no connection between the inbound and outbound platforms, travelers must exit the station, cross the street, alternatively, a free inbound-outbound transfer can be made by traveling one stop east to Arlington station, where the two platforms are connected by a free mezzanine crossover. Because inbound and outbound trains must be carefully coordinated when traversing the junction, four local MBTA Bus routes and two express routes stop at Copley Square,9 City Point - Copley Square via Broadway Station 10 City Point - Copley Square via Andrew Station & B. U. Back Bay station is located three blocks south of Copley station on Dartmouth Street, MBTA - Copley Dartmouth Street entrance from Google Maps Street View

20.
South Station (Boston)
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It is used by thousands of commuter rail and intercity rail passengers daily. Connections to the rapid transit Red Line and Silver Line are made through the adjacent subway station, the station was renamed for former Massachusetts governor Michael S. Dukakis in November 2014, though maps and station signs continue to use the shorter South Station. When the railroads serving Boston were first laid out and built, the Old Colony Railroad had a long passenger terminal on the east side of South Street, stretching from Kneeland Street south to Harvard Street. This site is now part of the South Bay Interchange, near the South Station bus terminal, the Boston and Albany Railroads passenger terminal was in the block bounded by Kneeland Street, Beach Street, Albany Street and Lincoln Street. The Boston Terminal Company, established in 1897, was charged with the task of combining the four terminals into one consolidated terminal, South Station combined the four terminals in one spot. South Station opened as South Central Station on January 1,1899 at a cost of $3.6 million, the architects were Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge of Boston, with the actual construction undertaken by the engineering firm of Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. It became the busiest station in the world by 1913, a stop on the Atlantic Avenue Elevated served South Station from 1901 to 1938, what is now the Red Line subway was extended from Park Street to South Station in 1913. The train shed, originally one of the largest in the world, was eliminated in a 1930 renovation due to corrosion caused by the nearby oceans salt air. In the original configuration, two came off each approach to join into a four-track line and then run under the main platforms in a two-track loop. These tracks were never put into service, and later became a parking lot, while the station handled 125,000 passengers each day during World War II, post-war passenger rail traffic declined in the US. In 1959, the Old Colony Railroad, which had served the South Shore and Cape Cod, the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad went bankrupt in 1961. South Station was sold to the Boston Redevelopment Authority in 1965, portions of the station were demolished and the land was used to build the Boston South Postal Annex and the Stone and Webster building. The plan was never realized, and South Station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, in 1978, the BRA sold what was left of the station to the MBTA, though the BRA retained air rights over the station. Funding was obtained for a renovation of the station that was completed in 1989. A total of 13 tracks became available, all high level platforms. Piers were installed for the construction of an office building. This renovation also added access to the Red Line subway station from inside the surface station lobby, previously. The new bus terminal has direct connections to I-93 and the Massachusetts Turnpike

21.
Franklin Street (Boston)
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Franklin Street is located in the Financial District of Boston, Massachusetts. It was developed at the end of the 18th century by Charles Bulfinch, photos of Franklin and Washington St.1967 City of Boston. Photo of Washington St. @ Franklin St. February 19,1949 Boston Public Library

22.
Federal Street (Boston)
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Federal Street is a street in the Financial District of Boston, Massachusetts. Prior to 1788, it was known as Long Lane, the street was renamed after state leaders met there in 1788 to determine Massachusetts ratification of the United States Constitution. In 1727 the Long Lane Meeting House was established, it changed its name to the Federal Street Church in 1788, Henry Knox was born on Long Lane in 1750. The Federal Street Theatre was built in 1793, designed by Charles Bulfinch, by 1806, residents included engraver Joseph Callender, printer Nathaniel Coverly, merchant Stephen Higginson, comedian Snelling Powell, dancing master William Turner. In 1823, residents included the Federal Street Coffee House, hairdresser William Lenox, Esther Newell and her female intelligence office, grocer Henry Sweetser, dorothy Quincy and John Mackay also lived on Federal St. in the early 19th-century. Auctioneer J. L. Cunningham worked from Corinthian Hall, 1826-1843, J. H. Buffords Sons ran a lithography printing business in the 1870s. In 1928 arose Bostons first art deco skyscraper, the United Shoe Machinery Building, in 1929, the art deco jewel at 75 Federal Street was built. The Blue Cross/Blue Shield building, designed by Paul Rudolph was built 1957-1960,150 Federal Street, designed by Hugh Stubbins Jr. was built in 1988. Photo of United Shoe Machinery building,160 Federal St. Flickr, United Shoe Machinery building,160 Federal St. Postcard Flickr. View of Boston from a floor, One Federal Street,2006

23.
Huntington Avenue (Boston)
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Huntington Avenue is signed as Route 9. A section of Huntington Avenue was officially designated the Avenue of the Arts by the city of Boston, the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is also only about a block from Huntington Avenue. Near the Longwood Medical Area, the touches upon a number of medical research institutions and hospital complexes. The E Branch of the MBTA Green Line roughly follows Huntington Avenue underground from Copley Square until it rises above ground at the Northeastern Portal. The MBTA #39 bus runs from Back Bay station via Huntington Avenue following the streetcar line, the bus route is considered one of the key bus routes in the system, with high ridership and enhanced levels of service. Huntington Avenue began in Art Square and wended its way toward Brookline, by 1883, the square that had been named for the adjacent Museum of Fine Arts was renamed Copley Square. The avenue originally began at the intersection of Clarendon and Boylston Streets, in the 1960s this stretch was eliminated as part of a redesign of the square, and now the avenue originates from the intersection of Dartmouth Street and St. James Avenue. The street had originally been called Western Avenue, and was renamed after Ralph Huntington. Huntington was one of the men who moved to have the Back Bay filled in and he donated money to many of the institutions in the Back Bay, and later the Fenway. Huntington Avenue, near Northeastern University, was the site of the old Boston Red Sox stadium, a statue of Cy Young stands on the current day Northeastern campus to commemorate the location of the pitchers mound of the Huntington Avenue Grounds ballpark. Electric street lights on Huntington Avenue, c.1910

24.
Boylston Street (Boston)
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Boylston Street is the name of a major east-west thoroughfare in the city of Boston, Massachusetts. The Boston street was known as Frog Lane in the early 18th century and was known as Common Street. It was later renamed for Ward Nicholas Boylston, a man of wealth and refinement, an officer of the Crown. Boylston, who was a descendent of Zabdiel Boylston, was born in Boston, the Boylston Market was named after him as was the town of Boylston, Massachusetts. Another Boylston Street runs through Bostons western suburbs, Newton and Brookline, traffic traveling west on Boylston here cannot continue on Boylston Street, and must use Ipswich Street to continue west. Then, Boylston Street enters the Back Bay neighborhood where it becomes a commercial artery carrying three lanes of one way traffic eastbound after Dalton Street. After Tremont Street, Boylston returns to carrying one way traffic east before ending at Washington Street in the area where it changes to Essex Street. The MIT Rogers Building was at 497 Boylston Street when MIT had its campus in Boston. A plaque on the building serves as a commemoration, on April 15,2013, Boylston Street was the scene of two explosive detonations that occurred during the running of the 117th Boston marathon, which killed 3 people and wounded at least 264. John The Tannery As part of plans to re-develop the stretch of Boylston between Ipswich Streetand Brookline Avenue, a Guitar Center went under construction and relocated to 1255 Boylston Street and this location is convenient due to the proximity of Berklee College of Music and Landsdowne Street. Other properties had also purchased in an effort to improve the area. It begins as the continuation of Route 9 at the Wellesley/Newton line and serves Newton and Brookline before ending at the border of the city of Boston, from there, the street continue east into central Boston as Huntington Avenue. MBTA Green Line D Branch stations along route include, Brookline Village Eliot Media related to Boylston Street at Wikimedia Commons

25.
Prudential Center (Boston)
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The Prudential Tower, also known as the Prudential Building or, colloquially, The Pru, is an International Style skyscraper in Boston, Massachusetts. The building, a part of the Prudential Center complex, currently stands as the 2nd-tallest building in Boston, the Prudential Tower was designed by Charles Luckman and Associates for Prudential Insurance. Completed in 1964, the building is 749 feet tall, with 52 floors and it contains 1,200,000 sq ft of commercial and retail space. Including its radio mast, the stands as the tallest building in Boston and is tied with others as the 77th-tallest in the United States. A restaurant, the Top of the Hub, occupies the 52nd floor, the Prudential Tower began construction in 1960 with steel erection work by Donovan Steel. Upon its completion in 1964, the Prudential was the tallest building in the world outside of New York City, surpassing the Terminal Tower in Cleveland and it dwarfed the 1947-John Hancock building. This spurred the insurance rival to build the 1975 John Hancock Tower, today, the Prudential is no longer among the fifty tallest buildings in the USA in architectural height. Within Boston, in addition to the nearby John Hancock tower, many tall buildings have since been built in the financial district. The Prudential and John Hancock towers dominate the Back Bay skyline, when it was built, the Prudential Tower received mostly positive architectural reviews. The New York Times called it the showcase of the New Boston the agony, but Ada Louise Huxtable called it a flashy 52-story glass and aluminum tower. Part of an over-scaled megalomaniac group shockingly unrelated to the size, standards. It is a slick developers model dropped into an urban renewal slot in Anycity, architect Donlyn Lyndon called it an energetically ugly, square shaft that offends the Boston skyline more than any other structure. In 1990, Boston Globe architecture critic Robert Campbell commented, The Prudential Center has been the symbol of bad design in Boston for so long that wed probably miss it if it disappeared, the Prudential Center is currently owned by Boston Properties. The building is one of several Prudential Centers built around the United States constructed as capital investments by Prudential Financial, the Gillette Company, now a unit of Procter & Gamble, once occupied 40 percent of the space in the structure but has since vacated many of these floors. Boston-based law firm Ropes & Gray moved into much of space, including the 37th through 49th. Other major tenants include Wall St investment firm Home State Corporation, Partners HealthCare, Club Monaco, Exeter Group, Boston Properties acquired the building in 1998. Signage rights in Boston are very limited, and Prudentials are grandfathered, the other notable backlit signs allowed above 100 feet include The Colonnade Hotel, Boston, State Street Bank sign, Sheraton sign, and Citgo Sign. Using similar negotiations, Prudential retains two notable signs in Times Square, the tradition of using the window lights to support local sports teams and events began in the mid-1980s

26.
Streetcar line
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A tram is a rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways, Tramways powered by electricity, the most common type historically, were once called electric street railways. However, trams were used in urban areas before the universal adoption of electrification. Tram lines may run between cities and/or towns, and/or partially grade-separated even in the cities. Very occasionally, trams also carry freight, Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than conventional trains and rapid transit trains, but the size of trams is rapidly increasing. Some trams may also run on railway tracks, a tramway may be upgraded to a light rail or a rapid transit line. For all these reasons, the differences between the modes of rail transportation are often indistinct. In the United States, the tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tired trackless trains. Today, most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a pantograph, in some cases by a sliding shoe on a third rail. If necessary, they may have dual power systems — electricity in city streets, trams are now included in the wider term light rail, which also includes segregated systems. The English terms tram and tramway are derived from the Scots word tram, referring respectively to a type of truck used in coal mines and the tracks on which they ran. The word tram probably derived from Middle Flemish trame, a Romanesque word meaning the beam or shaft of a barrow or sledge, the identical word la trame with the meaning crossbeam is also used in the French language. The word Tram-car is attested from 1873, although the terms tram and tramway have been adopted by many languages, they are not used universally in English, North Americans prefer streetcar, trolley, or trolleycar. The term streetcar is first recorded in 1840, and originally referred to horsecars, when electrification came, Americans began to speak of trolleycars or later, trolleys. The troller design frequently fell off the wires, and was replaced by other more reliable devices. The terms trolley pole and trolley wheel both derive from the troller, Modern trams often have an overhead pantograph mechanical linkage to connect to power, abandoning the trolley pole altogether. Conventional diesel tourist buses decorated to look like streetcars are sometimes called trolleys in the US, the term may also apply to an aerial ropeway, e. g. the Roosevelt Island Tramway. Over time, the trolley has fallen into informal use

27.
Tremont Street Subway
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The Tremont Street Subway in Bostons MBTA Subway system is the oldest subway tunnel in North America and the third oldest worldwide to exclusively use electric traction, opening on September 1,1897. It was originally built to get streetcar lines off the traffic-clogged streets and it now forms the central part of the Green Line, connecting Boylston Street to Park Street and Government Center stations. Park Street, Scollay Square, and Haymarket stations were altered over the two decades as transfers were added to the Cambridge-Dorchester Subway, East Boston Tunnel, and Main Line Elevated. The northbound tunnel to Haymarket station was rerouted, the tunnel is still original. Scollay Square station was rebuilt as Government Center, and Adams Square station was closed, in 1971, the original Haymarket station was replaced with a new station just to the south. The subway in 1897 consisted of a line under Tremont Street that terminated at Park Street. One fork has remained the extant part of the line, which veered westward along Boylston Street, the other fork continued south under Tremont Street to the Pleasant Street Incline. This portal was used by streetcars that went southwest to Egleston via the South End, along Tremont Street, streetcar service through the southern portal ended in 1961, for the last several months, service consisted of a shuttle between the portal and Boylston station. The tunnel still exists, dead-ended at the portal, which has been converted to a public park. The three original tunnel entrances were in the Boston Public Garden, at North Station/Canal Street, over time, these portals were replaced and abandoned as the subway was extended. Vestiges of various closed portals are visible inside the tunnel extending west of Boylston station towards Kenmore Square station. The Boylston Street portal was sealed in 1941 when the Huntington Avenue Subway was opened, the Fenway portal for the D branch was opened in 1959. The northern portal at Canal Street was replaced in 2004 when the subway was extended beneath North Station to a new portal next to Martha Road, the southern portal at Pleasant Street was abandoned in 1962 following the end of streetcar service through the South End. The portal has since been sealed up and covered by Elliot Norton Park, the subway uses trolleys powered by electricity from overhead lines, which had been made possible by the invention of the trolley pole in 1880 by Frank J. Sprague. The line has been pantograph-only since the wires were modified in the 1990s. The Tremont Street Subway was designated a National Historic Landmark in recognition for its role in the development of the subway as a public transit system in the United States. The original owner of the Tremont Street Subway was the private West End Street Railway, Public ownership began in 1947 with the Metropolitan Transit Authority, now the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority

28.
Pleasant Street Incline
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The portal and the section of tunnel connecting it to Boylston served Green Line streetcars from 1897 to 1901, Main Line Elevated trains from 1901 to 1908, and streetcars again from 1908 to 1962. The Pleasant Street Incline is now abandoned, but plans have been floated at various times to reuse it. The incline opened on 1 October 1897, one month after the first section of the Tremont Street Subway, allowing streetcar lines from Roxbury, Dorchester, and points south to operate via the subway. The new tunnel stretched from the tracks at Boylston south under Tremont Street, with a four-track portal in the triangle bounded by Tremont Street, Pleasant Street. The tunnel carried two tracks, splitting into four tracks at a junction near the portal, with the northbound track going over the southbound track. The two western tracks continued down Tremont Street, while the eastern tracks turned east on Pleasant Street via Broadway to City Point in South Boston, on 10 June 1901, streetcar service through the portal stopped, as the Washington Street Elevated was connected to the two outermost tracks. El trains came out of the portal, stopped at a new Pleasant Street station with an island platform in an open cut, passed under Pleasant Street. Many surface streetcar lines were truncated to Dudley, the end of the new El. On March 2,1953, the City Point line was replaced by the 9 bus route. The tracks to Tremont Street, formerly connected to the west tracks of the portal, were realigned to the east tracks, allowing a bus transfer station to be built where the west tracks had been. The Tremont Street line was bustituted as the 43 route on November 20,1961, and this shuttle was short-lived, ending with closure of the portal on April 6,1962. The Pleasant Street Portal is now covered by Elliot Norton Park at the intersection of Tremont Street, Shawmut Avenue, and Oak Street West. Reuse of part of the tunnel for the Silver Line Phase III was briefly considered, plans for the Phase III tunnel were shifted further west to new alignments, then canceled due to questions over the projects cost-effectiveness. However, the Phase III tunnel and continued bus service was recommended instead, rtspcc, Questions about history of the Boston subways/els, ne. transportation May 2–3,2005 NETransit,100 Years of the Tremont Street Subway

29.
Pleasant Street (Boston)
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The portal and the section of tunnel connecting it to Boylston served Green Line streetcars from 1897 to 1901, Main Line Elevated trains from 1901 to 1908, and streetcars again from 1908 to 1962. The Pleasant Street Incline is now abandoned, but plans have been floated at various times to reuse it. The incline opened on 1 October 1897, one month after the first section of the Tremont Street Subway, allowing streetcar lines from Roxbury, Dorchester, and points south to operate via the subway. The new tunnel stretched from the tracks at Boylston south under Tremont Street, with a four-track portal in the triangle bounded by Tremont Street, Pleasant Street. The tunnel carried two tracks, splitting into four tracks at a junction near the portal, with the northbound track going over the southbound track. The two western tracks continued down Tremont Street, while the eastern tracks turned east on Pleasant Street via Broadway to City Point in South Boston, on 10 June 1901, streetcar service through the portal stopped, as the Washington Street Elevated was connected to the two outermost tracks. El trains came out of the portal, stopped at a new Pleasant Street station with an island platform in an open cut, passed under Pleasant Street. Many surface streetcar lines were truncated to Dudley, the end of the new El. On March 2,1953, the City Point line was replaced by the 9 bus route. The tracks to Tremont Street, formerly connected to the west tracks of the portal, were realigned to the east tracks, allowing a bus transfer station to be built where the west tracks had been. The Tremont Street line was bustituted as the 43 route on November 20,1961, and this shuttle was short-lived, ending with closure of the portal on April 6,1962. The Pleasant Street Portal is now covered by Elliot Norton Park at the intersection of Tremont Street, Shawmut Avenue, and Oak Street West. Reuse of part of the tunnel for the Silver Line Phase III was briefly considered, plans for the Phase III tunnel were shifted further west to new alignments, then canceled due to questions over the projects cost-effectiveness. However, the Phase III tunnel and continued bus service was recommended instead, rtspcc, Questions about history of the Boston subways/els, ne. transportation May 2–3,2005 NETransit,100 Years of the Tremont Street Subway

30.
43 (MBTA bus)
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The 43 Ruggles Station - Park and Tremont Streets is a bus route in Boston, Massachusetts run by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. The route runs southwest from downtown Boston along Tremont Street, ending at the Ruggles bus terminal, trackage along Tremont Street and Columbus Avenue was originally built in 1857 by the West Roxbury Railroad to provide service to Jamaica Plain. It used Tremont Street and Columbus Avenue from downtown to Centre Street, soon afterward, in 1859, a branch of this line was built west along Tremont Street to Brookline. The Tremont Street Subway opened to the four-track Pleasant Street Incline on October 1,1897, at some time around then, the tracks were extended the rest of the way to Egleston. After March 1,1953, the last day the 9 to City Point ran, by this time, service ran to North Station, turning around on the lower-level loop at that station. Streetcars last ran to Egleston on June 14,1956, after which they were cut back to |Lenox Street, service to Lenox Street ended on November 19,1961, and the bus was extended north past the Pleasant Street Incline to Boylston. A shuttle service was kept between the portal and Boylston, with one double-ended PCC streetcar on each track and this shuttle last ran April 5,1962. On February 26,1966, the 43 was cut back to Stuart Street due to the closure of Tremont Street. This terminus was kept until June 1972, when service was extended north around Boston Common to Park Street, MBTA - Route 43 Ruggles Station - Park & Tremont Sts

31.
Massachusetts Avenue (Boston)
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Massachusetts Avenue, known to locals as Mass Ave, is a major thoroughfare in Boston, Massachusetts, and several cities and towns northwest of Boston. According to Boston magazine, Its 16 miles of blacktop run from gritty industrial zones to verdant suburbia, passing gentrified brownstones, college campuses, after Harvard Square it turns sharply northward, passes Harvard Law School, then passes through Porter Square, where it bears northwestward. It continues through North Cambridge, Arlington, and Lexington, where it enters the Minuteman National Historical Park, the road, by the same name, continues northwest and west, through many different cities and towns. It largely parallels or joins Route 2 and Route 2A, all the way into central Massachusetts, for much of its length, Massachusetts Avenue is a center of commercial activity, especially through the larger towns. Apartments, shops, and restaurants fill both sides of it, and there is a lot of pedestrian traffic, a number of linear parks cut across various portions of Mass. Boston Cambridge Arlington Lexington Concord Acton Boxborough Harvard Lunenburg signs Route 2A as Mass Ave, on the night of April 18–19,1775, Paul Revere rode his horse down a portion of this road on his Midnight Ride. On April 18–19,1775, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott also rode on portions of road on their way to Concord. Massachusetts Avenue was formed at the end of the century from what were separate roads. In Boston the road was previously called East Chester Park south of Chester Square, across the river in Cambridge the road follows part of what was once Front Street near the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and then follows the former Main Street to Harvard Square. From Harvard Square to the Arlington line at Alewife Brook it follows what had been North Avenue since 1838, and prior to that the Road to Menotomy. In Arlington it follows the former Arlington Avenue, and in Lexington it follows the former Main Street south of the Battle Green, Massachusetts Avenue is served with direct connections for a number of the MBTAs bus and subway routes between Lexington and Boston. An additional stop at Arlington Center was mooted during the 1980s Red Line extension, two MBTA Commuter Rail stations are located on Massachusetts Avenue, Porter in Cambridge and Newmarket at the South Bay Shopping Center in Dorchester. Fenway Theatre Cyclist places potted plants on Mass

32.
Boston Medical Center
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Boston Medical Center is a non-profit 496-bed academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the largest safety-net hospital and Level I trauma center in New England, BMC employs more than 1,400 physicians — including 704 residents and fellows — and 1,505 nurses. Boston University School of Medicine opened its doors November 5,1873, Dr. Israel T. Talbot was the first chairman of the Department of Surgery at BU while also serving as the first Dean of BUSM. The history of the Department of Surgery at BU dates back to 1946, Smithwick served as chairman for nearly 20 years, and was followed by Dr. Richard Egdahl who was recruited from the Medical College of Virginia in 1963. Dr. Egdahl continued to pioneer the research capabilities. In 1997, Dr. Egdahl was named the first Alexander Graham Bell Professor of Entrepreneurial Medicine at BUSM. Following periods of leadership by Drs. Lester Williams, Peter Mozden, Robert Hobson, Edward Spatz and James Becker, Gerard Doherty assumed the position of Chair of the Department of Surgery in 2012. In March of 2017, the Boston Medical Center announced that it had received a $25 million gift, the donation will go to the creation of the Grayken Center for Addiction Medicine at BMC. The Amyloidosis Center at Boston Medical Center is known internationally as a leader in basic, notably, they pioneered the use of high dose Chemotherapy and Stem cell transplantation for patients with AL amyloidosis. The hospital has many services, extending beyond traditional medical procedures, comprehensive coverage for hospital, primary, specialty and behavioral health care are among the benefits and services provided. The Plan also offers extras beyond traditional benefits, all members receive discounts on Weight Watchers®, in addition, MassHealth members receive free car safety seats and bike helmets for kids and manual breast pumps for nursing mothers. BMC HealthNet Plan also operates Well Sense Health Plan, a Medicaid plain in New Hampshire, Boston Medical Center employs,4,902 full-time equivalent employees, consisting of more than 1,422 in-house physicians — including 704 residents and fellows — and 1,331 nurses. Boston Medical Center also incorporates the ambulance service Eascare into their operation to transport patients from one campus to another,2006 audio documentary on the 10th anniversary of the merger, describing history and innovative programs of BMC

33.
Washington Street (Boston)
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Washington Street is a street originating in downtown Boston, Massachusetts that extends southwestward to the Massachusetts–Rhode Island state line. The majority of it was built as the Norfolk and Bristol Turnpike in the early 19th century and it is the longest street in Boston, and it remains one of the longest streets in the state of Massachusetts. Washington Street, as the first street that connected peninsular Boston to the mainland, the name was extended north to Adams Square on July 6,1824, and north on a new road to Haymarket Square on November 6,1872. The part north of Roxbury Street in Dudley Square, Roxbury was laid out as a way on January 19,1662. Additionally, the Washington Street name went west on Roxbury Street, Tremont Street and it ran from Dudley Square to the Rhode Island line and beyond to downtown Pawtucket. Coincidentally the only not built as a new road was the part through North Attleborough that US1 now bypasses. The southern half of the turnpike got little use as it avoided all the towns, where travelers wanted to stop, in fact, until the 1930s, when the current highway was built between Boston and Providence, the southern half remained a dirt road. The part of the turnpike in Roxbury was laid out as a road in June 1857. It was named Shawmut Avenue, as an extension of that road from Dudley Square, the portion in West Roxbury was named Shawmut Avenue February 3,1858. On July 2,1860, Tremont Street was extended west from its south end along former Washington Street to Brookline. South from downtown Dedham, the turnpike went not via the current Washington Street, the part of Washington Street north of Haymarket Square was known as Charlestown Street until around 1900. The first state highway in Boston was the part of Washington Street from Dedham to West Roxbury Parkway and it was taken over by the Massachusetts Department of Public Works in 1908. The short piece in West Roxbury Parkway, to just north of the road through the parkway, was taken over in 1921, Washington Street begins at Keany Square, the intersection with Causeway Street and Commercial Street, at the south end of the Charlestown Bridge. This section of the street is known as North Washington Street or Joe Tecces Way, Washington Street begins once again at State and Court Streets as a one-way thoroughfare. Through Downtown Crossing, from Milk Street south to Temple Place, South of Temple Place, Washington is, once again, one-way northbound, becoming two-way at Stuart Street and Kneeland Street. At Dudley Square in Roxbury, Washington Street is southbound-only for several blocks, northbound traffic bypasses this section to the east using those two streets. Southbound traffic must use short sections of South Street and Poplar Street at Roslindale Square, South of there, near the border between Roslindale and West Roxbury, Washington Street crosses West Roxbury Parkway and acquires a median strip. This median lasts until just before the Dedham city line, where the road continues as an undivided road, Washington Street continues southwestward, through the center of Dedham, the outskirts of Westwood, the centers of Norwood, and East Walpole and South Walpole

34.
68 (MBTA bus)
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The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs through the South Boston Transitway tunnel, and Washington Street service that runs on the surface via Washington Street. The Waterfront service costs the same as a fare, while the Washington Street service costs a regular bus fare. The SL5 route was created in 2002 as a replacement for the Washington Street Elevated, the Shuttle route began operations in 2004, followed by the Sl1 and SL2 in 2005 when dual-mode buses became available. The SL4 was introduced in 2009 as a replacement for the canceled Phase III tunnel, the crosstown buses provide limited-stop service on three routes that connect major subway and bus transfer points. The routes were created by the MBTA in 1994 and these routes provide almost all local service in the core of the metropolitan area, most were originally Boston Elevated Railway streetcar routes. They were originally numbered roughly clockwise from southeast to northeast, with 4 the furthest south in South Boston and 121 the furthest north in East Boston. The BERy folded into the Metropolitan Transit Authority in 1947, despite some changes, including minor routes being merged into trunk routes, the core service network has remained roughly intact since the BERy eta. Several new routes, including the 1,5, and 47, have been added during the M. T. A. and MBTA eras. Fifteen of these routes are designated as key bus routes, they supplement the system to provide frequent service to the densest areas of the city. In mid-2015, late-night service on key bus routes was cut back. Key bus routes are designated on this list with an *, numbers from 131 to 137 operate in the Melrose area, they are mostly former Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway routes which were folded into the MBTA system in 1968. The 136 and 137 were briefly operated as far as Lowell and Lawrence, their original Eastern Mass terminals, the 132 was a Service Bus Lines route which was not operated by the MBTA until 1975. 170 and 171 are special low-service routes, the 170 a variant of the 70 introduced in 1968, other numbers in the 170s were used for largely short-lived routes serving industrial areas. Routes from 191 to 194 are single round trips in the morning, mainly meant for subway fare collectors. They were introduced by the M. T. A. in 1960, route 195 is a special low-service route not open to the general public nor shown on MBTA maps. It connects downtown Boston with the shelter at Lemuel Shattuck Hospital

35.
Orange Line (MBTA)
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The Orange Line is one of the four subway lines of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. It extends from Forest Hills in Jamaica Plain, Boston in the south to Oak Grove in Malden in the north and it meets the Red Line at Downtown Crossing, the Blue Line at State, and the Green Line at Haymarket and North Station. It connects with Amtrak service at Back Bay and North Station, and with MBTA Commuter Rail service at Back Bay, North Station, Forest Hills, Ruggles station in Roxbury, and Malden Center in Malden. From 1901 to 1987, it provided the first elevated rapid transit in Boston, all stations on the Orange Line are handicapped accessible. These stations are equipped with platforms for easy boarding, as well as elevators for easy platform access. The Main Line of the electric Boston Elevated Railway opened in segments and it proceeded from Sullivan Square along the Charlestown Elevated to the Canal Street Incline near North Station. It was carried underground by the Tremont Street Subway, returning above ground at the Pleasant Street Incline, a temporary link connected from there to the Washington Street Elevated, which in 1901 ran from this point via Washington Street to Dudley Square. Also in 1901, the Atlantic Avenue Elevated opened, branching at Causeway Street to provide a route through downtown Boston to the Washington Street Elevated. Use of the parallel Tremont Street Subway was returned exclusively to streetcars, by 1909, the Washington Street Elevated had been extended south to Forest Hills. Trains from Washington Street were routed through the new subway, either all the way to Sullivan Square, or back around in a loop via the subway and then the Atlantic Avenue Elevated. In 1919, the Charlestown Elevated was extended north from Sullivan Square to Everett, over surface right-of-way parallel to Alford Street/Broadway, with a drawbridge over the Mystic River. The Boston Elevated had long-term plans to continue this extension further north to Malden, in 1938, the remainder of the Atlantic Avenue Elevated was closed, leaving the subway as the only route through downtown - what is now the Orange Line between Haymarket and Chinatown stations. The line was known as the Main Line Elevated under the Boston Elevated Railway, after taking over operations in August 1964, the MBTA began rebranding many elements of Bostons public transportation network. On August 26,1965, the four transit lines were assigned colored names related to their history. When designing the rebranding, Cambridge Seven Associates originally planned for yellow instead of orange, the color yellow would be used instead, in time, to designate MBTA Bus service. In January and February 1967, the four original Washington Street Tunnel stations were renamed, Boylston Street was renamed Essex to avoid confusion with nearby Boylston station on the Green Line. In May 1987, Essex was renamed Chinatown after the adjacent Chinatown neighborhood, in March 2010, New England Medical Center station was renamed as Tufts Medical Center two years after the eponymous hospital changed its name. The Boston Transportation Planning Review looked at the line in the 1970s, considering extensions to reach the beltway Route 128, with termini at Reading in the north and Dedham in the south

36.
Chinatown (Boston)
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Chinatown, Boston is a neighborhood located in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. It is the surviving historic ethnic Chinese area in New England since the demise of the Chinatowns in Providence, Rhode Island and Portland. Because of the population of Asian Americans living in this area of Boston. It is one of the most densely populated areas in Boston. Chinatown borders the Boston Common, Downtown Crossing, the Washington Street Theatre District, Bay Village, the South End, because it is a gathering place and home to many immigrants, Chinatown has a diverse culture and population. According to 2010 census data, the population in Chinatown is 4,444. This is an almost 25% increase since 2000, when there were only 3,559 people, the white population rose 241. 7% from 228 in 2000 to 779 in 2010. The Black and African American population rose from 82 in 2000 to 139 in 2010, the American Indian population dropped 75% from 2000 to 2010, going from 8 to 2 residents. The Asian population grew about 7. 5% from 3,190 in 2000 to 3,416 in 2010, people who identified as another race grew from 18 in 2000 to 30 in 2010, a 66. 7% increase. Those who identified as more than one race grew from 32 in 2000 to 77 in 2010, with more white residents moving into Chinatown, there is worry about gentrification. For instance, the Asian population dropped to 46% in 2010, another major concern is that historic towns and places are becoming more touristy and less cultural. Between Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, Boston has shown the highest increase in non-Asian residents moving into non-family shared households, the total housing units in Chinatown has increased by 54% from 2000 to 2010. Chinatown went from 1,367 to 2,114 housing units, there has been an almost 50% increase in the occupied housing units in Chinatown from 2000 to 2010, going from 1,327 to 1,982. With the increase in occupied housing units, there has also been a 230% increase in vacant homes, part of the Chinatown neighborhood occupies a space that was reclaimed by filling in a tidal flat. The newly created area was first settled by Anglo-Bostonians, after residential properties in this area became less desirable due to railway developments, it was settled by a mixed succession of Irish, Jewish, Italian, Syrian, and Chinese immigrants. Each group replaced the one to take advantage of low-cost housing. During the late-nineteenth century, garment manufacturing plants moved into Chinatown. This district was active until the 1990s, in 1870, the first Chinese people were brought from San Francisco to break a strike at the Sampson Shoe Factory in North Adams, Massachusetts

37.
Dorchester Avenue (Boston)
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Dorchester Avenue is a street in Boston, Massachusetts, running from downtown south via South Boston and Dorchester to the border with Milton, where it ends. Built as a turnpike, the Dorchester Turnpike, it is mostly straight, the Boston South Bridge over Fort Point Channel, on the site of todays West Fourth Street Bridge, opened on October 1,1805 as the first bridge connecting downtown to South Boston. Until it was sold to the city of Boston on April 19,1832, construction cost more than expected, and thus high tolls were charged, so many travelers took the old longer route through Roxbury. Despite that, the Dorchester Turnpike was one of the most profitable turnpikes, when the parallel Old Colony Railroad opened in 1844, earnings quickly fell. The North Free Bridge, on the site of todays Dorchester Avenue Bridge, opened in 1826, on April 22,1854, the turnpike became a free public road, named Dorchester Avenue. The name was changed to Federal Street in 1856, as it provided a continuation of that street from downtown Boston, as part of the building of South Station, Federal Street was cut between the bridge and Dewey Square. Additionally, the Atlantic Avenue Viaduct was built as a bridge just west of the Dorchester Avenue Bridge. By 1923 the viaduct was gone, but the extension of Dorchester Avenue remains to this day, in the 1990s it was closed to the public, including pedestrians and bicyclists, from the bridge to Summer Street, due to its proximity to Big Dig construction. It has remained closed due to security concerns, as it next to the South Postal Annex. The Dorchester Avenue Railroad, one of the first street railways in Boston, started operations in 1857, when the road was realigned around 1899, the tracks were moved, ending at a line along Summer Street. As the Red Line opened in the 1910s and 1920s, parallel to Dorchester Avenue, most through passengers switched to that, tracks were removed by the 1950s. Today the Red Line Ashmont Branch is sometimes referred to as the Dorchester Ave. Line, nowadays the only bus routes to use the road are local routes to subway stations, Note, routes that use Dorchester Avenue for only a few blocks are not listed. NE6 may have used Dorchester Avenue south of South Boston, in any case, by 1927, Route 3 and Route 28 turned northwest in Milton, on a route that Route 28 still uses. Between 1933 and 1935, the C routes through downtown Boston began to be signed, Route C37, a continuation of Route 37, used MDC Parkways, merging with Dorchester Avenue at Old Colony Avenue. From there C37 took Dorchester Avenue to its end, Congress Street. In the 1970s, C37 was decommissioned, leaving Dorchester Avenue with no numbered routes, thus, over the years, the only route to use the road has probably been C37. Dorchester Atheneum—Dorchester Turnpike The Boston Atlas

38.
PDF
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The Portable Document Format is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, PDF was developed in the early 1990s as a way to share computer documents, including text formatting and inline images. It was among a number of competing formats such as DjVu, Envoy, Common Ground Digital Paper, Farallon Replica, in those early years before the rise of the World Wide Web and HTML documents, PDF was popular mainly in desktop publishing workflows. Adobe Systems made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1993 and these proprietary technologies are not standardized and their specification is published only on Adobe’s website. Many of them are not supported by popular third-party implementations of PDF. So when organizations publish PDFs which use proprietary technologies, they present accessibility issues for some users. In 2014, ISO TC171 voted to deprecate XFA for ISO 32000-2, on January 9,2017, the final draft for ISO 32000-2 was published, thus reaching the approval stage. The PDF combines three technologies, A subset of the PostScript page description programming language, for generating the layout, a font-embedding/replacement system to allow fonts to travel with the documents. A structured storage system to bundle these elements and any associated content into a single file, PostScript is a page description language run in an interpreter to generate an image, a process requiring many resources. It can handle graphics and standard features of programming such as if. PDF is largely based on PostScript but simplified to remove flow control features like these, often, the PostScript-like PDF code is generated from a source PostScript file. The graphics commands that are output by the PostScript code are collected and tokenized, any files, graphics, or fonts to which the document refers also are collected. Then, everything is compressed to a single file, therefore, the entire PostScript world remains intact. PDF supports graphic transparency, PostScript does not, PostScript is an interpreted programming language with an implicit global state, so instructions accompanying the description of one page can affect the appearance of any following page. Therefore, all preceding pages in a PostScript document must be processed to determine the appearance of a given page. A PDF file is a 7-bit ASCII file, except for elements that may have binary content. A PDF file starts with a header containing the magic number, the format is a subset of a COS format. A COS tree file consists primarily of objects, of which there are eight types, Boolean values, representing true or false Numbers Strings, enclosed within parentheses, objects may be either direct or indirect

39.
MBTA Subway
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The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority operates heavy rail, light rail, and bus transit services in the Boston metropolitan area collectively referred to as the Rapid Transit or Subway system. The colored rail trunk lines consist of 3 heavy rail lines, one branched light rail system, all except the Ashmont-Mattapan Line operate in tunnels in the downtown area, but no route operates entirely underground. As a matter of fact, only 26 out of the systems 133 stations are actually underground, the four branches of the Silver Line bus are also shown as part of the rapid transit system. Two branches operate underground as bus transit and charge rapid transit fares. The section of the Tremont Street Subway between Park Street and Boylston Street stations on the Green Line opened in 1897, making it the oldest transit subway in the United States still in use. The downtown portions of what are now the Green, Orange, Blue, additions to the rapid transit network occurred in most decades of the 1900s, and continue in the 2000s with the addition of Silver Line bus rapid transit and planned Green Line expansion. Streetcar congestion in downtown Boston led to the establishment of subways and elevated rail, the former in 1897, the Tremont Street Subway was the first rapid transit tunnel in the United States. The grade-separated railways added transportation capacity while avoiding delays caused by intersections with cross streets, various extensions and branches were added to the subway lines at both ends, bypassing more surface tracks. As grade-separated lines were extended, street-running lines were cut back for faster downtown service, however, the Green Lines Causeway Street Elevated remained in service until 2004, when it was relocated into a tunnel with an incline to reconnect to the Lechmere Viaduct. The rapid transit lines consist of 3 heavy rail lines,2 trolley lines, the trolley lines include 4 Green Line branches which terminate in Brighton, Brookline, Newton, and Roxbury, and the solely Red Line-linked Mattapan High Speed Line. Two branches of the Silver Line, the SL1 and SL2 and these two lines use the higher subway fare, while SL4 and SL5 follow bus fare rules. All four subway lines cross downtown, forming a quadrilateral configuration, the Red Line and Blue Line are the only pair of subway lines which do not have a direct transfer connection to each other. Because the various subway lines do not consistently run in any given compass direction, inbound trains travel towards the four downtown transfer stations, and outbound trains travel away from these hub stations. The Green Line has four branches in the west, B, C, D, the A Branch formerly went to Watertown, filling in the north-to-south letter assignment pattern, and the E Branch formerly continued beyond Heath Street to Arborway. The Red Line has two branches in the south—Ashmont and Braintree, named after their terminal stations, originally, transit lines in the region only used geographic names, though numbering was added to public maps in 1936. The three heavy rail lines were assigned numbers 1,2, and 3, what is now the Green Line was assigned different numbers for each branch, however, riders generally continued to use the geographic names. The numbers for the rail lines and the Mattapan Line were retained in public information until 1966. In 1967, the then-current five branches of the Green Line were lettered A through E, vehicles were converted from the previous BERy/MTA orange color to a muted gray scheme, only later in the MBTAs history were vehicles repainted to match the colors of their lines

40.
List of MBTA subway stations
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This is a list of MBTA Subway stations in and around downtown Boston. All stations are operated by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority and this list includes all rapid transit, light rail, and bus rapid transit stations currently open on the MBTAs subway system. There are 145 stations on the 5-line system, all of which are located primarily within the Greater Boston area, boylston and Park Street stations, which opened in 1897, were the first two subway stations in the United States

41.
Blue Line (MBTA)
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The Blue Line is a rapid transit line in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, one of four subway lines operated by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. It runs from Bowdoin station in downtown Boston under Boston Harbor to East Boston and Revere on the inner North Shore, the stop at Airport Station, with a free shuttle bus to Logan International Airport, is one of two rapid transit connections to the airport. The line was assigned the color in 1967 during a systemwide rebranding because it passes under Boston Harbor. The East Boston Tunnel was built as a tunnel in 1904, after an extension to Bowdoin in 1916. In 1952 and 1954 the line was extended along the route of the Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad, in a project intended to reach Lynn. Further extensions to Lynn and Charles/MGH downtown are long-planned but not yet funded, the tunnel was constructed using a modified version of the Greathead Shield,2,700 feet of the 1 mile tunnel is actually under water. The excavation took two-and-a-half years, and cost $3 million and the lives of four workmen, initially designed to carry streetcars, the tunnel ran from Maverick Square in East Boston to downtown Bostons Court Street station, with an intermediate stop at Devonshire. Court Street had pedestrian access to Scollay Square station but transfers to the East Boston Tunnel required an additional fare of 1 cent, in 1906, Atlantic Station was opened, with a connection to the Atlantic Avenue Elevated. Court Street proved to be a terminus as its single-track design limited frequent service. The Boston Elevated Railway began an extension towards Beacon Hill in 1912, the downtown extension was opened to Bowdoin, with an intermediate stop at Scollay Under, on March 18,1916. Immediately west of the new Bowdoin station platforms, a turnaround loop track underground allowed trains to quickly reverse direction for the return trip. An incline leading to a new portal at Joy Street was also installed at this time, the total cost of this extension was $2.3 million. Increasing passenger loads soon required an expansion of the carrying capacity of the harbor crossing. A new, four track station and two loops were constructed under Maverick Square in East Boston, the station was constructed while passenger service through the East Boston Tunnel was maintained. The new Maverick station would have the local East Boston streetcars enter the incline as always, all of the passengers would disembark the trolleys and cross the platform to the waiting rapid transit trains. A loop was provided west of the station for the trolleys to turn around, the rapid transit trains would return to Boston via a loop on the eastern side of the station. A short extension of the tunnel beyond the east loop provided train storage, Blue Line cars are thus 48.5 feet long, substantially shorter than the 65-foot Orange Line cars and the 69. 5-foot Red Line cars. From 1952 to 1954, an extension was constructed along the recently-defunct Boston, Revere Beach and Lynn Railroad

42.
Green Line (MBTA)
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The Green Line is a light rail system run by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority in the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan area. It is the oldest Boston subway line, with tunnel sections dating from 1897 and it runs underground through downtown Boston, and on the surface on several radial boulevards and into inner suburbs. With a daily ridership of over 232,000 in 2015. The line was assigned the color in 1967 during a systemwide rebranding because several branches pass through sections of the Emerald Necklace of Boston. The four branches are the remnants of a streetcar system. The streetcar system peaked in size around 1930 and was replaced with trackless trolleys and buses. A new branch opened on a commuter rail line in 1959. The line has its terminus at Lechmere in East Cambridge with connections to numerous bus routes serving Cambridge. From there it runs south over the Lechmere Viaduct and into an extension of the Tremont Street Subway under downtown Boston to the Boston Common and it continues west in the Boylston Street Subway to Kenmore Square. The Green Line tunnels through Downtown Boston and the Back Bay are collectively referred to as the Central Subway. The E Branch serves Lechmere and splits just west of Copley, running southwest through the Huntington Avenue Subway and it continues along Huntington Avenue, and terminating at Heath Street near V. A. Until 1985, the line continued though Jamaica Plain to Arborway, the B, C, and D Branches diverge west of Kenmore Square. From south to north, they are as follows, The D Branch surfaces onto the grade-separated Highland Branch, the C Branch surfaces onto Beacon Street, running to Cleveland Circle at the Chestnut Hill Reservoir. The B Branch surfaces onto Commonwealth Avenue and it runs past Boston University, passes within a quarter mile of Cleveland Circle, where a connection to the latter runs down Chestnut Hill Ave. and continues to Boston College. The A Branch diverged from Commonwealth Ave. west of Boston University and ran to Watertown, across the Charles River from Watertown Square, although the route-letter scheme had been introduced two years prior to its closure, the A designation was never signed on streetcars to Watertown. It was, however, included in the signs on the Boeing-Vertol LRVs ordered in the mid-1970s. The A line tracks remained in service to access maintenance facilities at Watertown until 1994. Not only was there community opposition to restoration, but the tracks would have required a complete rehabilitation, the Lechmere Viaduct originally connected to the Central Subway via the Causeway Street Elevated, a half-mile-long structure running in front of North Station and the Boston Garden sports complex

43.
Green Line "B" Branch
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One of four branches of the Green Line, the B Branch runs from Boston College station down the median of Commonwealth Avenue to Blandford Street. There, it enters Blandford Street Portal into Kenmore station, where it merges with the C and D branches, the combined services run into the Boylston Street Subway and Tremont Street Subway to downtown Boston. As of 2016, B Branch service terminates at Park Street, the Green Line Rivalry between Boston College and Boston University is named in reference to the B Branch, which runs to both universities. Trains between Lake Street and downtown Boston used tracks on Beacon Street, now part of the C Branch, from Kenmore Square they continued east on Beacon Street, then turned south on Massachusetts Avenue and east on Boylston Street to Park Square. In 1900 tracks were installed on the rest of Commonwealth Avenue and this enabled trains to use Commonwealth Avenue between Lake Street and Kenmore Square. In 1909, the tracks were electrified, the Boylston Street Subway opened on October 3,1914, extending the underground portion to the Kenmore Incline just east of Kenmore Square. On October 23,1932 the Blandford Street Incline opened along with the underground Kenmore station, a turnback loop at Boston University Field was present from 1915 to January 14,1962. It was used for service to special events as well as to short-turn some rush hour trains, from 1942 to 1967, the route was known by the map number of 62. In 1967, the lines were given colors and the Green Line branches were lettered, the Commonwealth Avenue Line became the B Branch. Until 1931, the line looped at Park Street. On February 7 of that year, the Commonwealth Avenue service was extended east through downtown to loop at Lechmere, the line has 27 level crossings and 18 stops on the surface section. In late 2003, the MBTA proposed eliminating five surface stops as part of a project to improve the line, the five stops were chosen because they had low ridership and were located very close to other stations. After a public comment period, Chiswick Road was removed from the proposal, on April 20,2004, the other four stops were closed as a 6-to-8-month pilot program. On March 15,2005, after a survey showed that 73% of 1,142 riders surveyed approved of the closures, the MBTA board voted to make the closures permanent. The four stops, which are not handicapped-accessible, would be turned into two fully accessible stops as part of a redesign of Commonwealth Avenue between the BU Bridge and Packards Corner. Trains on the B Branch only travel from Park Street to Boston College, the segment from Park Street to Kenmore is shared with the three other branches. There is no MBTA parking at any B Branch stations, MBTA - Green Line B Branch

44.
Green Line "C" Branch
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The line begins at Cleveland Circle in Brighton and runs on the surface through Brookline along the median of Beacon Street. Entering Boston, the line underground through the St. Marys Street Incline. Trains run through the Boylston Street Subway to Copley where the E Branch joins, as of 2013, the C Branch terminates at North Station, further service to Lechmere is provided by the E Branch. The C branch runs on a median on Beacon Street in Brookline. Like on its sister B branch, C branch streetcars must stop on traffic signals at street crossings, the signals on Beacon Street in Brookline could in theory be prioritized to make the Green Line run faster. However, the MBTA, which would be expected to pay for the streetcar sensors, in January 2008, the MBTA hired a consultant to study the issue. As of 2011, the Town of Brookline was considering asking the MBTA to cooperate in setting up traffic signal prioritization to speed up Green Line trains on Beacon Street. The first tracks on Beacon Street were laid in 1888, running from Massachusetts Avenue west to Coolidge Corner, the next year the rest of the line to Cleveland Circle opened, with access to the Reservoir Carhouse. In 1889, the first electric streetcar route used Beacon Street from Coolidge Corner east to Massachusetts Avenue, then ran south on Massachusetts Avenue and that same year the line on Beacon Street to Cleveland Circle was electrified. Another connection to the Beacon Street line was provided at Washington Square, streetcars came from Brookline Village along Washington Street and this line was later extended north on Chestnut Hill Avenue and west on Commonwealth Avenue to Boston College and was the predecessor of the 65 bus route. Until 1967, when it was named the C Branch, the Beacon Street route had the map number 61, Beacon Street service was extended from Park Street to Lechmere on February 7,1931. No stations on the C Branch have MBTA parking, although some have a number of locally controlled parking spots. The only stations with MBTA parking served by C streetcars are North Station and Haymarket, MBTA - Green Line C Branch

45.
Green Line "D" Branch
–
The D Branch of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authoritys Green Line, also known as the Highland Branch or the Riverside Line, is a light rail line in west Boston, Massachusetts. It branches off near Kenmore Square from the Tremont Street Subway and it then continues west for about ten miles on a private surface right of way, grade separated from roads and highways, formerly the Highland Branch of the Boston and Albany Railroad. The right of way is double tracked throughout without express tracks, as of 2016, the downtown terminus is at Government Center. Free transfer is provided to the transit lines and other light rail lines at the various subway stops. The D Branch was the most recent light rail line to be built in the Boston area and it was built on the Boston and Albany Railroads Highland Branch, which closed in 1958 for the conversion. The route has varied scenery, passing golf courses, residential neighborhoods, woods, lakes, the Newton Center and Newton Highlands stations still feature Richardsonian Romanesque station buildings designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge in the 1890s. It stretched 1.55 miles from the B&W main line south of Kenmore Square southwest to the current location of Brookline Village station, the B&W became part of the Boston and Albany Railroad in 1867. Next came the Charles River Branch Railroad, opened Summer 1852 from the end of the Brookline Branch to Newton Upper Falls, both of these companies passed through several changes in name and ownership before they merged in 1868 to form the Boston, Hartford and Erie Railroad. The BH&E became the New York and New England Railroad in 1873, in 1884, the Boston and Albany Railroad built a connecting line from Riverside on their main line southeast to what became Cook Street Junction on the NY&NE in Newton Highlands. The NY&NE had been sold to the B&A in 1882 north of the junction, the B&A instituted loop service, going one way to Riverside on the main line and the other way on the Highland Branch, the NY&NE continued to use the branch as well. In 1906 the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad built a new cutoff from Needham Junction east to their Dedham Branch at West Roxbury, and began routing NY&NE trains that way. However, in 1911, they too began running service on the Needham Circuit, running one way on the old Boston and Providence Railroad to West Roxbury. NYNH&H service through Newton stopped in 1925 and the last B&A train ran over the Highland Branch on May 31,1958, from mid-1958 to mid-1959, the Highland Branch from Riverside to Fenway was converted to light rail by Bostons Metropolitan Transit Authority. This was to be a low budget project and the rail option was chosen over third rail rapid transit trains because the last two miles to downtown would be via an existing light rail subway. The primary $7M contract was let to the Perini Corporation with an additional $2M for work by the MTA, the major project parts included the following, Overhead wire 600 volt DC electrification was installed with a new substation at Cook St. Junction, between Eliot and Newton Highlands. The existing 105 lb. rails were for the most part kept, replacing worn rail sections, regrading and reballasting was done only where needed. A connection was made to the subway under Beacon St. leading to Kenmore Square, Boylston St. Simple ground level paved platforms were installed or upgraded at each of the 12 stops Woodland to Fenway, three aspect color light block signals were added to support a closest train spacing at about a 2-minute headway from Riverside to Reservoir and a 1-minute headway from Reservoir to Fenway

Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority is the public agency responsible for operating most public transportation services in Greater Boston, Massachusetts. Earlier modes of transportation in Boston were independently owned and operated. In 2008, the system averaged 1.3 million passenger trips each weekday, of which the subway averaged 598,2

1.
The MBTA provides services in five different modes (boat not pictured) around Greater Boston.

2.
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority

3.
Steam railroads in Boston in 1880. From the US Census Bureau.

4.
Park Street station in Boston on the Green Line soon after opening, circa 1898

MBTA Bus
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority operates 177 bus routes in the Greater Boston area, many of which were formerly part of a large streetcar system. Some routes are for local transport within the city, others bring passengers from surrounding areas to stops on the MBTA Commuter Rail or subway lines, much of this service is provided by b

1.
A NABI 40LFW bus leaving Ruggles station on Route 47

South Boston
–
South Boston is a densely populated neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, located south and east of the Fort Point Channel and abutting Dorchester Bay. South Boston, most popularly known as Southie, was once a working class Irish Catholic community. South Boston contains Dorchester Heights, where George Washington forced British troops to evacuate

1.
South Boston from the air

2.
Dorchester neck can be seen on this early map of Boston in the lower right.

3.
South Boston in 1888 ("Süd Boston" on this German map.)

4.
New convention center

Boston, Massachusetts
–
Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Comb

1.
From top to bottom, left to right: the Boston skyline viewed from the Bunker Hill Monument; the Museum of Fine Arts; Faneuil Hall; Massachusetts State House; The First Church of Christ, Scientist; Boston Public Library; the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum; South Station; Boston University and the Charles River; Arnold Arboretum; Fenway Park; and the Boston Common

2.
State Street, 1801

3.
View of Boston from Dorchester Heights, 1841

4.
Scollay Square in the 1880s

Red Line (MBTA)
–
The Red Line is a rapid transit line operated by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. South of JFK/UMass in Dorchester, it splits into two branches terminating at Braintree and Ashmont stations, transfers to rail are again possible at JFK/UMass, Quincy Center. From Ashmont, passengers may continue to Mattapan via the Ashmont–Mattapan Hig

2.
The new Cambridge (now Longfellow) Bridge pre-1912, from the Boston end, with an unfinished rail right-of-way down its center.

3.
Subway exit hatches at the northern end of the line, where a future extension to Lexington may someday be added

4.
Old and new construction at Central Square station

Andrew (MBTA station)
–
Andrew is a rapid transit station on the MBTA Red Line, located at Andrew Square in South Boston, Massachusetts. Named for John Albion Andrew, the square is at the intersection of major thoroughfares, Dorchester Avenue, Dorchester Street, Southampton Street. Andrew is the transfer point between the Red Line subway and the MBTA surface bus routes in

1.
Inbound MBTA Red Line train at Andrew Station

2.
Busways at Andrew, renovated in the early 1990s

Broadway (MBTA station)
–
Broadway is a station on the Red Line subway at the intersection of Dorchester Avenue and Broadway in South Boston, Massachusetts. It was opened on December 15,1917 as part of the Dorchester Extension of the Cambridge Connection from Downtown Crossing to Andrew, the station has a single island platform to serve the two tracks. Broadway was planned

1.
The island platform at Broadway Station, tracks are to left and right of the parallel rows of columns

2.
Original tiled mosaic station sign

3.
Broadway station headhouses

4.
Foundry Street Portal in early 2012

South Station (MBTA station)
–
South Station is a transfer station on the MBTA rapid transit Red Line and bus rapid transit Silver Line, located at Summer Street and Atlantic Avenue in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. It is a part of the South Station complex, the second busiest transportation center in New England, eight MBTA Commuter Rail and three Amtrak intercity rail service

1.
A southbound Red Line train at South Station

2.
In this early 1900s view, the Atlantic Avenue Elevated passes in front of South Station. The old elevated station is on the far right.

3.
Tile mosaic being restored in 2005

City Point (MBTA station)
–
City Point was a transportation station in South Boston, Massachusetts, at the terminus of the former SL3 branch of the MBTAs Silver Line. It lacked waiting facilities for passengers, and existed solely as a turnaround for the buses on the SL3, the station was closed when the SL3 line was dropped in 2008 due to low ridership. The City Point area is

1.
Old geographic map of the Silver Line showing the SL3 (lower right). The SL4 route shown never ran; the current SL4 mostly parallels SL5.

Streetcar
–
A tram is a rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways, Tramways powered by electricity, the most common type historically, were once called electric street railways. However, trams were used in urban areas before the u

1.
Trams in Vienna, one of the largest existing networks in the world

2.
The Welsh Swansea and Mumbles Railway ran the world's first passenger tram service

3.
Steam hauled tram in Italy c 1890s

4.
A San Francisco cable car: a cable pulled system, still operating as of 2015 [update]

448 (MBTA bus)
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs

1.
A Silver Line bus leaves the Waterfront Tunnel on the SL1 route

2.
Geographic map of MBTA Bus service

3.
A CT2 bus leaves Sullivan station

4.
Two #1 buses at Central Square, Cambridge

449 (MBTA bus)
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs

1.
A Silver Line bus leaves the Waterfront Tunnel on the SL1 route

2.
Geographic map of MBTA Bus service

3.
A CT2 bus leaves Sullivan station

4.
Two #1 buses at Central Square, Cambridge

459 (MBTA bus)
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs

1.
A Silver Line bus leaves the Waterfront Tunnel on the SL1 route

2.
Geographic map of MBTA Bus service

3.
A CT2 bus leaves Sullivan station

4.
Two #1 buses at Central Square, Cambridge

Lynn (MA)
–
Lynn is the largest city in Essex County, Massachusetts. Situated on the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 10 miles north of downtown Boston, an early colonial settlement and industrial center, Lynn was long colloquially referred to as the City of Sin, owing to its historic reputation for crime and vice. The city also is home to the southernmost portio

1.
Lynn Memorial City Hall and Auditorium

2.
General View in 1909

3.
Market Street in 1911

4.
Newhall House in 1913

171 (MBTA bus)
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs

1.
A Silver Line bus leaves the Waterfront Tunnel on the SL1 route

2.
Geographic map of MBTA Bus service

3.
A CT2 bus leaves Sullivan station

4.
Two #1 buses at Central Square, Cambridge

Dudley (MBTA station)
–
Dudley Square is a ground-level bus station located in Dudley Square, Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is a point between 17 Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus routes, including two Silver Line bus rapid transit lines and 15 local MBTA Bus routes. Like all MBTA bus stops, Dudley is fully handicapped accessible, Dudley w

1.
Dudley Square station in 2011

2.
Looking north at the former elevated station's northbound platforms in 1904, with the streetcar loops on each side; an elevated train can be seen in the station, while a streetcar is visible using the right-hand loop and another is using the street-level tracks beneath the left-hand loop.

Logan Airport
–
It covers 2,384 acres, has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is the largest airport in the New England region and 17th-busiest airport in the United States and it is named after General Edward Lawrence Logan. In 2016, Massport reported an 8. 5% increase in passenger traffic comparing 2015 to 2016,

1.
Boston Logan International Airport

3.
Boston's Logan International Airport Terminal E. Logan Airport is partly surrounded by water, with urban areas nearby. An Air France Boeing 747-400, an Aer Lingus Airbus A330-300, and a Delta Air Lines Boeing 767-300ER at the gates.

Summer Street (Boston)
–
Summer Street in Boston, Massachusetts, extends from Downtown Crossing in the Financial District, over Fort Point Channel, and into South Boston to the southeast. In the mid-19th century it was also called Seven Star Lane, along the route is Dewey Square, which is formed by the intersection of Atlantic Avenue, Summer, Federal, and Purchase Streets

Copley (MBTA station)
–
Copley is a light rail station on the MBTA Green Line subway, located in the Back Bay section of Boston, Massachusetts. Located in and named after Copley Square, the station has entrances and exits along Boylston Street, Copley is fully handicapped accessible, following extensive station renovation completed in 2011. The renovation project was subj

1.
Outbound platform

2.
Old South Church and the old outbound headhouse in 2005

3.
New outbound headhouse in 2014

4.
The ornate inbound headhouse next to the McKim Building

South Station (Boston)
–
It is used by thousands of commuter rail and intercity rail passengers daily. Connections to the rapid transit Red Line and Silver Line are made through the adjacent subway station, the station was renamed for former Massachusetts governor Michael S. Dukakis in November 2014, though maps and station signs continue to use the shorter South Station.

1.
The historic South Station headhouse facing Atlantic Avenue

2.
Map showing Boston railroad terminals in 1880, before the construction of South Station

3.
An early 1900s view of the Atlantic Avenue Elevated in front of South Station; the elevated station was at far right.

4.
Looking north at the merge of the two approaches, with the two pairs of tracks approaching the lower-level loop at right; the terminal is in the background. (c. 1904)

Franklin Street (Boston)
–
Franklin Street is located in the Financial District of Boston, Massachusetts. It was developed at the end of the 18th century by Charles Bulfinch, photos of Franklin and Washington St.1967 City of Boston. Photo of Washington St. @ Franklin St. February 19,1949 Boston Public Library

1.
Franklin Street, Boston, 2010

2.
Federal St. Theatre, corner of Federal and Franklin St., c. 1798

3.
Franklin St. after the fire, 1872

4.
Parade, June 17, 1876

Federal Street (Boston)
–
Federal Street is a street in the Financial District of Boston, Massachusetts. Prior to 1788, it was known as Long Lane, the street was renamed after state leaders met there in 1788 to determine Massachusetts ratification of the United States Constitution. In 1727 the Long Lane Meeting House was established, it changed its name to the Federal Stree

1.
Federal Street, Boston, 2008

2.
Federal Street after the Great Boston Fire of 1872

3.
Streets

Huntington Avenue (Boston)
–
Huntington Avenue is signed as Route 9. A section of Huntington Avenue was officially designated the Avenue of the Arts by the city of Boston, the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is also only about a block from Huntington Avenue. Near the Longwood Medical Area, the touches upon a number of medical research institutions and hospital complexes. The E

1.
Huntington Avenue, Boston, near the Christian Science Center, as viewed from the Prudential Tower (2009)

Boylston Street (Boston)
–
Boylston Street is the name of a major east-west thoroughfare in the city of Boston, Massachusetts. The Boston street was known as Frog Lane in the early 18th century and was known as Common Street. It was later renamed for Ward Nicholas Boylston, a man of wealth and refinement, an officer of the Crown. Boylston, who was a descendent of Zabdiel Boy

1.
Street signs at Boylston and Hereford Streets

2.
Boylston Street in 1911

3.
Berklee College of Music at Massachusetts Avenue and Boylston Street

4.
Streets

Prudential Center (Boston)
–
The Prudential Tower, also known as the Prudential Building or, colloquially, The Pru, is an International Style skyscraper in Boston, Massachusetts. The building, a part of the Prudential Center complex, currently stands as the 2nd-tallest building in Boston, the Prudential Tower was designed by Charles Luckman and Associates for Prudential Insura

1.
Vertical panoramic view of the Prudential Tower

2.
Unfinished Prudential Tower in 1963, dwarfs the Old John Hancock building at left

3.
Prudential Tower showing the "GO SOX" light pattern in support of the Boston Red Sox

4.
The Prudential Tower behind 111 Huntington Avenue, as seen from the South End

Streetcar line
–
A tram is a rail vehicle which runs on tracks along public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way. The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways, Tramways powered by electricity, the most common type historically, were once called electric street railways. However, trams were used in urban areas before the u

1.
Trams in Vienna, one of the largest existing networks in the world

2.
The Welsh Swansea and Mumbles Railway ran the world's first passenger tram service

3.
Steam hauled tram in Italy c 1890s

4.
A San Francisco cable car: a cable pulled system, still operating as of 2015 [update]

Tremont Street Subway
–
The Tremont Street Subway in Bostons MBTA Subway system is the oldest subway tunnel in North America and the third oldest worldwide to exclusively use electric traction, opening on September 1,1897. It was originally built to get streetcar lines off the traffic-clogged streets and it now forms the central part of the Green Line, connecting Boylston

1.
Tremont Street Subway

2.
A map showing the extent of the Tremont Street Subway over time.

Pleasant Street Incline
–
The portal and the section of tunnel connecting it to Boylston served Green Line streetcars from 1897 to 1901, Main Line Elevated trains from 1901 to 1908, and streetcars again from 1908 to 1962. The Pleasant Street Incline is now abandoned, but plans have been floated at various times to reuse it. The incline opened on 1 October 1897, one month af

1.
Pleasant Street Portal in 1901 when the Main Line operated through the Tremont Street subway. An inbound Main Line (now Orange Line) test train is at the high platform at left, while an inbound trolley is on the right. This view faces south, away from the portal.

2.
Looking south at the flying junction approaching the portal. The left branch goes to the inbound tracks from Shawmut Avenue/City Point and Tremont Street, the right branch to the outbound tracks to Shawmut Avenue/City Point (mid right) and Tremont Street (far right).

Pleasant Street (Boston)
–
The portal and the section of tunnel connecting it to Boylston served Green Line streetcars from 1897 to 1901, Main Line Elevated trains from 1901 to 1908, and streetcars again from 1908 to 1962. The Pleasant Street Incline is now abandoned, but plans have been floated at various times to reuse it. The incline opened on 1 October 1897, one month af

1.
Pleasant Street Portal in 1901 when the Main Line operated through the Tremont Street subway. An inbound Main Line (now Orange Line) test train is at the high platform at left, while an inbound trolley is on the right. This view faces south, away from the portal.

2.
Map of the portal area, showing the former street configuration

3.
Looking south at the flying junction approaching the portal. The left branch goes to the inbound tracks from Shawmut Avenue/City Point and Tremont Street, the right branch to the outbound tracks to Shawmut Avenue/City Point (mid right) and Tremont Street (far right).

43 (MBTA bus)
–
The 43 Ruggles Station - Park and Tremont Streets is a bus route in Boston, Massachusetts run by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. The route runs southwest from downtown Boston along Tremont Street, ending at the Ruggles bus terminal, trackage along Tremont Street and Columbus Avenue was originally built in 1857 by the West Roxbury Ra

1.
MBTA bus on route 43 heading towards Ruggles Station.

Massachusetts Avenue (Boston)
–
Massachusetts Avenue, known to locals as Mass Ave, is a major thoroughfare in Boston, Massachusetts, and several cities and towns northwest of Boston. According to Boston magazine, Its 16 miles of blacktop run from gritty industrial zones to verdant suburbia, passing gentrified brownstones, college campuses, after Harvard Square it turns sharply no

1.
Massachusetts Avenue near Beacon Street in Boston

2.
77 Massachusetts Avenue, the site of MIT, is an important landmark in Cambridge.

Boston Medical Center
–
Boston Medical Center is a non-profit 496-bed academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the largest safety-net hospital and Level I trauma center in New England, BMC employs more than 1,400 physicians — including 704 residents and fellows — and 1,505 nurses. Boston University School of Medicine opened its doors November 5,1873, Dr. Is

1.
Moakley Building from Harrison Avenue

2.
Boston Medical Center

3.
Boston City Hospital, shown here in a 1903 photo, was one of the two institutions which merged in 1996 to form Boston Medical Center.

Washington Street (Boston)
–
Washington Street is a street originating in downtown Boston, Massachusetts that extends southwestward to the Massachusetts–Rhode Island state line. The majority of it was built as the Norfolk and Bristol Turnpike in the early 19th century and it is the longest street in Boston, and it remains one of the longest streets in the state of Massachusett

1.
Old South meeting house, Washington St., 1968

2.
Washington St., early 20th century

3.
Disbrow's Riding School, Washington St., 1850s

4.
Franklin School, 1851

68 (MBTA bus)
–
The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus division operates bus routes in the Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. All routes connect to MBTA subway, MBTA Commuter Rail, and/or other MBTA Bus services, the Silver Line is a bus rapid transit system marketed as rapid transit. It is divided into two branches, Waterfront service that runs

1.
A Silver Line bus leaves the Waterfront Tunnel on the SL1 route

2.
Geographic map of MBTA Bus service

3.
A CT2 bus leaves Sullivan station

4.
Two #1 buses at Central Square, Cambridge

Orange Line (MBTA)
–
The Orange Line is one of the four subway lines of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. It extends from Forest Hills in Jamaica Plain, Boston in the south to Oak Grove in Malden in the north and it meets the Red Line at Downtown Crossing, the Blue Line at State, and the Green Line at Haymarket and North Station. It connects with Amtrak s

1.
Inbound train at Assembly on its opening day in September 2014

2.
The Charlestown El running over the old Charlestown Bridge

3.
Rowes Wharf station on the Atlantic Avenue Elevated in 1942 - four years after closure - just before being demolished

4.
Station sign at Boylston Street station in 1914. In 1967, the station was renamed to avoid confusion with the preexisting Green Line station a block away.

Chinatown (Boston)
–
Chinatown, Boston is a neighborhood located in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. It is the surviving historic ethnic Chinese area in New England since the demise of the Chinatowns in Providence, Rhode Island and Portland. Because of the population of Asian Americans living in this area of Boston. It is one of the most densely populated areas in Bosto

Dorchester Avenue (Boston)
–
Dorchester Avenue is a street in Boston, Massachusetts, running from downtown south via South Boston and Dorchester to the border with Milton, where it ends. Built as a turnpike, the Dorchester Turnpike, it is mostly straight, the Boston South Bridge over Fort Point Channel, on the site of todays West Fourth Street Bridge, opened on October 1,1805

1.
In Dorchester

2.
Streets

PDF
–
The Portable Document Format is a file format used to present documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, PDF was developed in the early 1990s as a way to share computer documents, i

1.
The MBTA provides services in five different modes (boat not pictured) around Greater Boston.

2.
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority

3.
Steam railroads in Boston in 1880. From the US Census Bureau.

4.
Park Street station in Boston on the Green Line soon after opening, circa 1898

List of MBTA subway stations
–
This is a list of MBTA Subway stations in and around downtown Boston. All stations are operated by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority and this list includes all rapid transit, light rail, and bus rapid transit stations currently open on the MBTAs subway system. There are 145 stations on the 5-line system, all of which are located primar

1.
Geographically accurate map of the Boston subway system from 2003

Blue Line (MBTA)
–
The Blue Line is a rapid transit line in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, one of four subway lines operated by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. It runs from Bowdoin station in downtown Boston under Boston Harbor to East Boston and Revere on the inner North Shore, the stop at Airport Station, with a free shuttle bus to Logan Inte

1.
An inbound Blue Line train at Orient Heights in 2013

2.
A streetcar at Atlantic (now Aquarium) Station in 1906

3.
Joy Street Portal in 1915, looking eastwards

4.
Blue Line level at State station undergoing major renovation in 2007

Green Line (MBTA)
–
The Green Line is a light rail system run by the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority in the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan area. It is the oldest Boston subway line, with tunnel sections dating from 1897 and it runs underground through downtown Boston, and on the surface on several radial boulevards and into inner suburbs. With a daily

1.
Green Line train built by AnsaldoBreda on the "B" Branch

2.
Haymarket, a typical station on the Green Line subway

3.
"B" Branch along Commonwealth Avenue

4.
Interior of an E Line trolley car outbound to Heath Street

Green Line "B" Branch
–
One of four branches of the Green Line, the B Branch runs from Boston College station down the median of Commonwealth Avenue to Blandford Street. There, it enters Blandford Street Portal into Kenmore station, where it merges with the C and D branches, the combined services run into the Boylston Street Subway and Tremont Street Subway to downtown Bo

4.
Boston University Central, one of the five handicapped accessible surface stations on the line

Green Line "C" Branch
–
The line begins at Cleveland Circle in Brighton and runs on the surface through Brookline along the median of Beacon Street. Entering Boston, the line underground through the St. Marys Street Incline. Trains run through the Boylston Street Subway to Copley where the E Branch joins, as of 2013, the C Branch terminates at North Station, further servi

1.
An outbound train at St. Marys Street station

2.
The C Branch runs in a dedicated median but has many street crossings

4.
The St. Marys Street Portal connects the C branch to the Boylston Street Subway

Green Line "D" Branch
–
The D Branch of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authoritys Green Line, also known as the Highland Branch or the Riverside Line, is a light rail line in west Boston, Massachusetts. It branches off near Kenmore Square from the Tremont Street Subway and it then continues west for about ten miles on a private surface right of way, grade separated

1.
Alewife Linear Park, near the corner of Cedar Street and Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge. When the passenger trains ran here, the North Cambridge station stood in the foreground, on the right, and the intersection was called "North Cambridge Junction".

2.
Boston and Lowell Railroad in 1887, just before the merger into the Boston and Maine Railroad.

1.
Boston-area streetcar lines remaining in 1940 (in green), plotted against a map of the BERy's subway and elevated lines (in purple). The shade of green for each line denotes how long the line lasted after this; the lightest-green lines were abandoned in 1945 or earlier, the second-lightest lines were abandoned from 1946 to 1950, the second-darkest lines were abandoned from 1951 to 1969, and the darkest-green lines still existed in 1969.