An airline seat is a seat on an airliner in which passengers are accommodated for the duration of the journey. Some airlines are now introducing new "slimline" seats in economy class. These seats, in addition to weighing less, theoretically allow airlines to increase capacity without signi cantly a ecting passenger comfort. These seats may or may not feature moveable headrests, and generally do not feature adjustable lumbar support. Slimline seats are being further re ned, liberating more passenger space. The common point of them is a thinner backplate and less padding. However, many passengers have expressed displeasure with these seats. Without changing the structure of the premise, how to design seat back curve, in order to make the seat more comfortable?How to optimize the seat backplate curve and padding, in order to make the seat more comfortable, without changing the main internal structure? Please write an advertising material with 2-3 pages for the airline, to describe your design features and advantages concisely.

Problem B(MCM): The average temperature of AntarcticaThe average Earth land surface temperature is a key indicator of climate change and global warming. However, in the previous estimates, there are some methodological dierences in how land average was dened. For simplicity, we consider Antarctica only.Please develop a mathematical framework for dening and estimating the average surface temperature from weather station thermometer data, and describe the Antarctic temperature variation with time.The required data can be obtained from the attachments or the published database, such as British Antarctic Survey website:https://legacy.bas.ac.uk/met/READER/.

Problem C(ICM): Can Science Solve Terrorism?

Why people turn to terrorism, and especially suicidal terrorism? What are the major reasons? It's typically a combination of big issues and little ones, or what some call \push and pull" factors. The bigger issues include alienation, shared anger or outrage (e.g. atsome foreign policy), frustration, disillusionment, a sense of victimization by the actions, or in the case of Syria, inactions, of others.The littler issues, the \lures" include the perceived benets of turning e.g. adventure, excitement, camaraderie, a sense of belonging, being part of something far bigger etc. The key to understanding is not just to ask why people turn but how they turn, and whatstrategies recruiters use in that process. Eective recruiters will use whatever tools in their arsenal to pull someone in, whether it is convincing them of their duty to go ght in defense of others, to convincing them that involvement oers them a way out of thehumiliation and victimization the recruiter will remind the young person they are otherwise destined to face at home. Radicalization, and how it relates to recruitment (and how we respond to it) is a constantly changing system. Some extreme traits are not as disadvantageous for tness, as they appear to be for social adaptation or well-being, even when severely disordered subjects are examined.In fact, some traits increase in severity, they become more advantageous for attracting more mates and even producing more ospring. This would characterize these traits as risky shortcuts to tness, owing less to failures than to the twists and turns made by genes inorder to perpetuate themselves. Why someone joins today is dierent to why someone might have joined even the same group three years ago. The idealism that helps draw someone into terrorism often conicts with the reality as experienced by the newly mintedrecruit. Entrapment (in a psychological sense) develops quickly and recruits have to cope with that disillusionment one way or another.You acquiesce to it and move on, maybe by embracing ideological content or seeking comfort in the camaraderie. Or you struggle with and try to conceal it until you can get out. Some terrorists report being disillusioned long before they have been able to disengage from terrorism. They report a sense of suocation - being unable toleave for fear of retaliation (either by the terrorists or by the State) and being equally afraid of their disillusionment being detected by those close to them in the movement. We need to do a better job of providing \o-ramps" not just for people who are on the roadto terrorism in the rst place, but also to those who have gotten themselves in a jam and want to get out before it's too late. We need to know their certain psychological characteristics.Consider two questions. First: Who are you? What makes you dierent from your peers, in terms of the things you buy, the clothes ou wear, and the car you drive (or refuse to)? What makes you nique in terms of your basic psychological make-up-the part of youthat makes you do the things you do, say the things you say, and feel thethings you feel? And the second question: How do you use the internet?Although these questions may seem unrelated, they're not. Clearly thecontent of your internet usage can suggest certain psychologicalcharacteristics. Spending a lot of late nights playing high stakesinternet poker? Chances are you are a risk taker. Like to postvideos of yourself doing karaoke on YouTube? Clearly an extravert.Choose to play as a opposite gender character in online games? Youwant to get attention or kinder treatment from other players. Butwhat about the mechanics of your internet usage - how often youemail others, chat online, stream media, play game, or multi-task(switch from one application or website to another)? Can thesebehaviors - regardless of their content - also predict psychologicalcharacteristics?Assume we can monitor some people's Internet use. We didn'tknow what people were looking at on the internet (for example, depressed person - a dead giveaway), but merely how they were usingthe internet. None of the data categories gave specic informationabout what websites people were visiting, the content of their emailsor chats, or the types of les being downloaded - they simply indicated the extent to which people used dierent broad categories ofnet-based resources, as well as dierences in people's tendency touse many resources at once.Task 1: Build a mathematical model to obtain a risk index, sowe can evaluate the situation of each monitored person use it.Task 2: Experts use the expression big data to indicate hugeamounts of information. We'll get a lot of monitoring data, Pleasedevelop a series of statistical techniques to categorize them in aneective, fast and automatic manner.Task 3: If President Obama asked for your advice on ghtingterrorism, what would you tell him? What should he do about ISIS?*Your ICM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheetand your solution cannot exceed 20 pages for a maximum of 21pages.