In 1926 in the Kherson okrug
(Russian: округ - county) of Ukraine has been created
Seydemenukha rayon (Russian: район - district). In 1927
it has been transformed to the first in Soviet Union
Kalinindorf Jewish national rayon. From 1932 the rayon
was a part of the Odessa, and from 1937 - of the
Nikolaev oblast (Russian: область - region). The
precondition for creation Jewish national rayon became
mass resettlement of Jews from cities and shtetles in a
countryside and their engaging in agriculture begun by
the Soviet leadership. in 1925 by financial and
technical support of Agrojoint, Jewish Colonisation
Association and other Jewish international organizations
have been expanded old Jewish agricultural colonies and
have been created new Jewish agricultural settlements on
the vacant land. As a result had formed a area with the
compact Jewish country population.

Total population of 44 rayon's
settlements was 11779 people from them 9928 people lived
in 36 Jewish settlements. The large were old Jewish
colonies Kalinindorf (1915 people), Bobrovyy Kut (1450),
Lvovo (1448), Malaya (from Russian малая - "small")
Seydemenukha (758) and new migratory settlements
Yudendorf (479), Trotsky (346), Vaysbrunen (343),
Frayleben (316). After connection of pieces of land to
the easterly of the river Ingulets three more jewish
Village Soviets have been formed: Ershtmay, Molotovo and
Postyshevo.

Kalinindorf, up to 1927 Bolshaya
Seydemenukha, became administrative centre of the Jewish
national rayon . Bolshaya Seydemenukha (from Hebrew Sde
menukha - "a silent field" and from Russian большая -
"big" ) was one of the first in Novorossia (New Russia)
the Jewish agricultural colonies. This colony was
established in 1807 in the Kherson province (guberniya)
by settlers from the Mogilyov, Chernigov and Vitebsk
province. According to the census 1897 the colony had
1570 inhabitants from them 1284 Jews.

In the first years after
establishment the rayon quickly developed. Its
population in 1932 has reached 13674 person from which
11198 were Jews (from them of 71 % new settlers). 87,3 %
of the rayon's land have been fixed to the Jewish
settlements.

Management, legal proceedings,
school education, cultural-educational work with the
population were conducted basically in Yiddish. In the
same language there was regional newspaper
"Kolvirt-Emes" (the Collective-farm truth). In
Kalinindorf the pedagogical school prepared the national
staff of teachers, and agronomical technical school in
Lvovo - agriculturists, livestock specialists, machine
operators and meliorators.

The Speed of the collectivization
begun in 1929 were considerably above medium-ukrainian.
By November, 1930 83,3 % and by January, 1932 - 98,7 %
farms in rayon had been collectivized. The reason for
high rates first of all was the high degree of
cooperation in newly created settlements. By the middle
of 1930th the rayon became absolutely collectivized.
There have been created 39 jewish kolkhozes from 49
available in rayon.

Violent withdrawal of grain from
newly organized Jewish kolkhozes has resulted in 1932-33
as well as everywhere in Ukraine to mass famine with
death of people. According to information of Odessa
regional committee of communist party in March 1933
among ten rayons with the highest death from undereating
were Kalinindorf rayon. Only in village Shterndorf
(former Malaya Seydemenukha) in 1932-33 from famine have
died (according to the official obviously underestimated
data) 30 person.

Collectivization, dekulakization,
famine, reprisals against so-called nationalist elements
and cut-backs on localization policy has compelled many
Jews to leave rayon in 1930th and to move in quickly
growing cities requiring a labour. Growth of number of
the Jewish population in Kalinindorf rayon has stopped.

Only to the middle of 1930th having
overcome terrible consequences of collectivization
kolkhoz's manufacture though slowly but began to grow
and the life in rayon improved. The Jewish kolkhozes
began to gain strength. Some of them became advanced and
prospering.

The most tragical page in history
Kalinindorf rayon became the war which has begun on June
22, 1941 between Nazi Germany and Soviet Union. With the
beginning of the war all bound to military service has
been called in army. Kalinindorfers heroically battled
on all fronts. The Most part of front-line soldiers was
killed in battles. In the summer 1941 the Red Army
suffered shattering defeats. In August, 1941 German
armies occupied Kalinindorf rayon.

In the middle of September, 1941
nazis and theirs vassals have started liquidation not
had time to run from German armies the Jewish population
of Kalinindorf rayon, basically women, children and old
men. They have shot and have tortured 4100 Jews
of Kalinindorf rayon.

In 1941 history Kalinindorf Jewish
national rayon has come to the end. After release from
Nazi occupants practically all settlements of rayon with
the Jewish names have been renamed. Only names of
railway station Kalinindorf and village Malaya
Seydemenukha remind of the past.