Technical information: (202) 691-6378 USDL 06-1454
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 691-5902 Thursday, August 17, 2006
(Footnote 2 in table 7 was revised on Friday, September 15, 2006.)
WORKER DISPLACEMENT, 2003-2005
During the January 2003 through December 2005 period, 3.8 million
workers were displaced from jobs they had held for at least 3 years, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
The number of displaced workers decreased from 5.3 million in the previous
survey that covered the period from January 2001 through December 2003.
Since 1984, the Employment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor has sponsored surveys that collect information on
workers who were displaced from their jobs. These surveys have been
conducted biennially as supplements to the Current Population Survey
(CPS), a monthly survey of households that is the primary source of
information on the nation's labor force.
Displaced workers are defined as persons 20 years of age and older who
lost or left jobs because their plant or company closed or moved, there was
insufficient work for them to do, or their position or shift was abolished.
The period covered in this study was 2003-05, the 3 calendar years prior to
the January 2006 survey date. The following analysis focuses primarily on
the 3.8 million persons who had worked for their employer for 3 or more years
at the time of displacement (referred to as long-tenured). An additional 4.3
million persons were displaced from jobs they had held for less than 3 years
(referred to as short-tenured). Combining the short- and long-tenured groups,
the number of displaced workers totaled 8.1 million from 2003-05, down from
11.4 million during the period covered by the prior survey (2001-03).
Results from the January 2006 survey included the following highlights:
--About 70 percent of the long-tenured displaced were reemployed at the
time of the survey.
--Just under half of long-tenured displaced workers cited plant or
company closings or moves as the reason for their displacement.
--Forty-five percent of displaced workers who had worked for their em-
ployer for 3 or more years had received written advance notification
that their jobs would be terminated. Those who had received advance
notice, however, were no more likely to be reemployed in January 2006
than were those who had not been notified.
--About 28 percent of long-tenured displaced workers lost jobs in
manufacturing.
--About half of the long-tenured workers who were displaced from
full-time wage and salary jobs and who were reemployed in such jobs
had earnings that were as much or more than those on the lost job.
Twenty-nine percent experienced earnings losses of 20 percent or more.
- 2 -
Characteristics of the Reemployed
About 70 percent of the 3.8 million long-tenured displaced workers were
reemployed when surveyed in January 2006. The proportion unemployed at the
time of the survey was 13 percent. The remaining 17 percent of long-tenured
displaced workers were not in the labor force. (See table 1.)
In January 2006, reemployment rates for workers ages 20 to 24 and those
in the central-age group (ages 25 to 54) were 66 and 75 percent, respectively.
Reemployment rates were slightly lower for older workers ages 55 to 64 (61 per-
cent). Among those age 65 years and older, by contrast, only 25 percent were
reemployed; 64 percent of that group were no longer in the labor force when
surveyed.
In January 2006, 74 percent of men who were displaced from their jobs were
reemployed, compared with 66 percent of women. Displaced men and women had
about an equal likelihood of being unemployed, but the share of displaced women
who had left the labor force, at about 21 percent, was higher than that for men--
13 percent.
In January 2006, reemployment rates for whites (70 percent), blacks (71 per-
cent), and Asians (72 percent) were similar, while the rate for Hispanics was
lower (60 percent).
Reason for Job Loss and Receipt of Advance Notice
Of those long-tenured workers displaced during the January 2003 through
December 2005 period, 49 percent lost or left their jobs due to plant or
company closings or moves, 29 percent reported that their position or shift
was abolished, and 22 percent cited insufficient work as the reason for
being displaced. (See table 2.) The proportion of displaced workers
reporting plant closings or moves was up slightly from the prior survey,
and the share citing insufficient work was down.
More than 4 in 10 long-tenured displaced workers received written advance
notice that their jobs would be terminated, similar to the proportion in prior
surveys. In January 2006, those workers who lost jobs due to plant or company
closings or moves and shift abolishment were most likely to have received writ-
ten advance notice of their impending job loss, at 53 and 48 percent, respec-
tively. In comparison, only 25 percent of those who lost jobs due to insuffi-
cient work were notified in advance. Regardless of the reason for displacement,
receipt of written advance notice appears to have had little impact on the like-
lihood of being reemployed in January 2006. Reemployment rates were little dif-
ferent for those who did and those who did not receive advance notice--69 and 71
percent, respectively. (See table 3.)
Industry and Occupation
As in prior surveys, manufacturing accounted for a disproportionately
large share of displaced workers. During the 2003-05 period, 1.1 million
factory workers were displaced from their jobs--28 percent of all long-
tenured displaced workers. Manufacturing displacements were again concen-
trated within the durable goods component (688,000), particularly in com-
puters and electronic products, primary metals and fabricated metal pro-
ducts, and transportation equipment. (See table 4.)
Displacements in wholesale and retail trade (508,000) accounted for 13
percent of all long-tenured workers displaced during the 2003-05 period.
Long-tenured displaced workers in professional and business services
(406,000) made up 11 percent of the total.
The reemployment rate for displaced manufacturing workers was 65 percent,
lower than the overall reemployment rate for displaced workers (70 percent).
(Workers were not necessarily reemployed in the same industries from which
they were displaced.) Reemployment rates for workers displaced from jobs in
the transportation and utilities industry and in the financial activities in-
dustry (77 percent each) were above average.
- 3 -
In the January 2006 survey, persons displaced from managerial, professional,
and related occupations accounted for 34 percent of all long-tenured displaced
workers. Sales and office occupations accounted for about one-quarter of the
long-tenured worker displacements. Workers in production, transportation, and
material moving jobs made up about one-fifth of the long-tenured displaced;
workers in these occupations tend to be employed in the manufacturing industry.
(See table 5.)
Among the major occupational groups, the reemployment rate was highest
for workers displaced from management, professional, and related occupations
(74 percent) and lowest for those displaced from production, transportation,
and material moving occupations (63 percent).
Geographic Divisions
The number of long-tenured workers displaced in each geographic division
in the United States was lower during the 2003-05 period than compared to
the prior survey. The distribution of displacement among the divisions,
however, was about the same as in the prior survey. In January 2006, those
residing in the South Atlantic and Pacific divisions had the highest reem-
ployment rates; about three-quarters of the displaced in each of these divi-
sions were reemployed at the time of the survey. (See table 6.)
Earnings
Of the 2.4 million reemployed displaced workers who lost full-time wage
and salary jobs during the 2003-05 period, 2.0 million were working in such
jobs in January 2006. Of these reemployed full-time workers who reported
earnings on their lost job, 51 percent were earning as much or more in
their new jobs as they had earned on the job they lost. This was higher
than the proportion recorded in the January 2004 survey (43 percent). In
January 2006, 29 percent reported earnings losses of 20 percent or more.
(See table 7.)
Total Displaced Workers (With No Tenure Restriction)
The total number of workers displaced during the 2003-05 period (regardless
of how long they had held their jobs) was about 8.1 million; the number of such
workers during the 2001-2003 period was 11.4 million. About two-thirds of the
total displaced during the most recent period had found new jobs when surveyed
in January 2006, while 16 percent were unemployed, and 16 percent were not in
the labor force. (See table 8.)
Compared with long-tenured displaced workers, the short-tenured were more
likely to be young and to have lost jobs in construction, in leisure and hospi-
tality, and in professional and business services.
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Technical Note
The data presented in this release were collected through a supplement
to the January 2006 Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of
about 60,000 households that provides the basic data on employment and un-
employment for the nation. The CPS is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau
for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this supplement
was to obtain information on the number and characteristics of persons who
had been displaced (as defined below) from their jobs over the prior 3 cal-
endar years.
Data presented in this release are based on Census 2000 population
controls. This was the same basis as the January 2004 survey. Pre-
viously published estimates of displaced workers from the February 2000
and January 2002 surveys were based on population controls from the 1990
census. The estimates from these earlier surveys have been recalculated
using the new Census 2000-based population controls. The revised popula-
tion controls raised the overall number of displaced workers in each sur-
vey, but had little or no impact on rates.
Revised versions of the news release tables for the February 2000 and
January 2002 displaced worker surveys were made available on the BLS
Web site.
For a discussion of the revised population controls and the impact that
their introduction had on the basic CPS data, see "Revisions to the Current
Population Survey Effective in January 2003" in the February 2003 issue of
Employment and Earnings and available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf
on the BLS Web site. Also see Adjustments to Household Survey Population
Estimates articles in the February 2004 and 2005 issues of Employment and
Earnings. Both articles are available on the BLS Web site at http://www.
bls.gov/cps/cps04adj.pdf and http://www.bls.gov/cps/cps05adj.pdf.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there
is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies de-
pending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance,
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because
of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error
can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of
the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct infor-
mation, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and infor-
mation on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and Esti-
mates of Error" section of Employment and Earnings.
- 5 -
Concepts
The first question asked of survey respondents to the CPS Supplement was,
"During the last 3 calendar years, that is, January 2003 through December 2005,
did (you/name) lose a job or leave one because: (your/his/her) plant or company
closed or moved, (your/his/her) position or shift was abolished, there was in-
sufficient work, or another similar reason?" If the answer to that question was
"yes," then the respondent was asked to identify which reason, among the follow-
ing, best described the reason for the job loss:
Plant or company closed down or moved
Plant or company operating but lost or left job because of:
Insufficient work
Position or shift abolished
Seasonal job completed
Self-operated business failed
Some other reason
Respondents who provided one of the first three reasons--plant or company
closed or moved, insufficient work, or position or shift abolished--were then
asked questions about the lost job, including how many years it had been held;
the year the job was lost; its earnings, industry, and occupation; and whether
health insurance had been provided. Other questions were asked to determine
what transpired before and after the job loss, such as: Was the respondent
notified of the upcoming dismissal? How long did he/she go without work? Did
he/she receive unemployment benefits? And, if so, were the benefits used up?
Did the person move to another location after the job loss to take or look for
another job? Information also was collected about current health insurance
coverage (other than Medicare and Medicaid) and current earnings for those em-
ployed in January 2006.
Table 1. Displaced workers (1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status in
January 2006
Percent distribution by employment status
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic Total
or Latino ethnicity (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over....... 3,815 100.0 69.9 13.4 16.7
20 to 24 years..................... 111 100.0 66.4 21.4 12.2
25 to 54 years..................... 2,841 100.0 74.5 13.4 12.0
55 to 64 years..................... 728 100.0 60.6 12.3 27.0
65 years and over.................. 135 100.0 25.4 10.8 63.8
Men
Total, 20 years and over....... 2,076 100.0 73.5 13.6 12.9
20 to 24 years..................... 67 100.0 77.4 21.4 1.2
25 to 54 years..................... 1,552 100.0 78.6 12.8 8.5
55 to 64 years..................... 378 100.0 61.5 14.5 24.0
65 years and over.................. 80 100.0 27.5 18.3 54.2
Women
Total, 20 years and over....... 1,739 100.0 65.6 13.1 21.3
20 to 24 years..................... 44 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
25 to 54 years..................... 1,289 100.0 69.6 14.2 16.2
55 to 64 years..................... 350 100.0 59.7 10.0 30.3
65 years and over.................. 55 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
White
Total, 20 years and over....... 3,169 100.0 70.0 13.2 16.8
Men................................ 1,784 100.0 74.1 13.1 12.8
Women.............................. 1,386 100.0 64.8 13.3 22.0
Black or African American
Total, 20 years and over....... 452 100.0 71.2 13.4 15.4
Men................................ 181 100.0 72.1 16.3 11.6
Women.............................. 271 100.0 70.7 11.5 17.9
Asian
Total, 20 years and over....... 113 100.0 72.0 12.3 15.7
Men................................ 65 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
Women.............................. 48 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 20 years and over....... 416 100.0 60.2 22.9 16.9
Men................................ 230 100.0 63.5 25.0 11.5
Women.............................. 187 100.0 56.2 20.3 23.5
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between
January 2003 and December 2005 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
abolishment of their positions or shifts.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well
as by race.
Table 2. Displaced workers (1) by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and reason for job loss,
January 2006
Percent distribution by reason for job loss
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic Total
or Latino ethnicity (thousands) Plant or Position or
Total company Insufficient shift
closed down work abolished
or moved
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over................ 3,815 100.0 49.0 22.2 28.8
20 to 24 years.............................. 111 100.0 39.1 42.8 18.1
25 to 54 years.............................. 2,841 100.0 48.5 22.6 28.9
55 to 64 years.............................. 728 100.0 53.2 16.5 30.2
65 years and over........................... 135 100.0 44.1 28.8 27.1
Men
Total, 20 years and over................ 2,076 100.0 48.8 24.8 26.5
20 to 24 years.............................. 67 100.0 29.7 61.6 8.7
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,552 100.0 48.2 24.5 27.3
55 to 64 years.............................. 378 100.0 53.9 17.5 28.6
65 years and over........................... 80 100.0 51.9 32.9 15.2
Women
Total, 20 years and over................ 1,739 100.0 49.2 19.2 31.6
20 to 24 years.............................. 44 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
25 to 54 years.............................. 1,289 100.0 48.9 20.3 30.8
55 to 64 years.............................. 350 100.0 52.5 15.5 32.0
65 years and over........................... 55 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
White
Total, 20 years and over................ 3,169 100.0 49.5 22.1 28.4
Men......................................... 1,784 100.0 49.6 23.9 26.6
Women....................................... 1,386 100.0 49.5 19.8 30.7
Black or African American
Total, 20 years and over................ 452 100.0 42.5 19.7 37.8
Men......................................... 181 100.0 37.3 29.2 33.5
Women....................................... 271 100.0 45.9 13.4 40.7
Asian
Total, 20 years and over................ 113 100.0 52.3 25.9 21.8
Men......................................... 65 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
Women....................................... 48 100.0 (2) (2) (2)
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 20 years and over................ 416 100.0 59.6 26.1 14.3
Men......................................... 230 100.0 63.0 29.9 7.2
Women....................................... 187 100.0 55.5 21.4 23.1
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2003
and December 2005 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their
positions or shifts.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals
because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race.
Table 3. Displaced workers (1) by whether they received written advance notice, reason for job loss, and employment
status in January 2006
Percent distribution by employment status
Total
Characteristic (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
TOTAL
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 3,815 100.0 69.9 13.4 16.7
Received written advance notice.......................... 1,733 100.0 69.1 13.5 17.5
Did not receive written advance notice................... 2,019 100.0 70.6 12.9 16.5
Plant or company closed down or moved
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 1,869 100.0 70.9 11.7 17.4
Received written advance notice.......................... 984 100.0 70.1 12.2 17.8
Did not receive written advance notice................... 852 100.0 71.6 10.8 17.5
Insufficient work
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 849 100.0 64.7 19.2 16.2
Received written advance notice.......................... 216 100.0 53.4 28.8 17.8
Did not receive written advance notice................... 617 100.0 68.8 15.3 16.0
Position or shift abolished
Total, 20 years and over (2)......................... 1,098 100.0 72.2 11.8 16.0
Received written advance notice.......................... 532 100.0 73.6 9.6 16.7
Did not receive written advance notice................... 550 100.0 70.9 13.6 15.5
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2003 and
December 2005 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Includes a small number who did not report information on advance notice.
Table 4. Displaced workers (1) by industry and class of worker of lost job and employment status in January 2006
Percent distribution by employment status
Total
Industry and class of worker of lost job (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Total, 20 years and over (2)........................ 3,815 100.0 69.9 13.4 16.7
Agriculture and related industries wage and salary
workers............................................... 14 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary workers....... 3,753 100.0 70.2 13.0 16.8
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers........ 3,551 100.0 70.4 13.2 16.4
Mining........................................... 17 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Construction..................................... 270 100.0 78.7 7.4 13.9
Manufacturing.................................... 1,085 100.0 64.5 15.3 20.2
Durable goods manufacturing ................ 688 100.0 62.1 15.2 22.7
Primary metals and fabricated metal
products.............................. 137 100.0 61.3 22.5 16.2
Machinery manufacturing................. 96 100.0 68.5 10.5 21.0
Computers and electronic products....... 145 100.0 77.2 4.4 18.4
Electrical equipment and appliances..... 47 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Transportation equipment................ 130 100.0 51.9 18.7 29.4
Miscellaneous manufacturing............. 69 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Other durable goods industries.......... 65 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Nondurable goods manufacturing ............. 397 100.0 68.6 15.5 16.0
Food manufacturing...................... 69 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Textiles, apparel, and leather.......... 135 100.0 62.7 18.8 18.5
Paper and printing...................... 70 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Other nondurable goods industries....... 123 100.0 68.0 15.8 16.2
Wholesale and retail trade....................... 508 100.0 68.8 14.1 17.1
Wholesale trade............................. 146 100.0 75.8 11.5 12.7
Retail trade................................ 362 100.0 66.0 15.1 18.9
Transportation and utilities (4)................. 189 100.0 77.1 18.7 4.2
Transportation and warehousing.............. 157 100.0 77.8 17.2 5.0
Information (4).................................. 164 100.0 75.9 8.2 15.9
Telecommunications.......................... 92 100.0 77.7 7.7 14.6
Financial activities............................. 368 100.0 77.0 12.9 10.1
Finance and insurance....................... 293 100.0 75.7 11.8 12.5
Finance................................. 188 100.0 80.4 13.6 6.0
Insurance............................... 105 100.0 67.3 8.6 24.1
Real estate and rental and leasing.......... 75 100.0 82.1 17.1 0.9
Professional and business services............... 406 100.0 71.5 14.8 13.7
Professional and technical services......... 251 100.0 80.7 11.8 7.5
Management, administrative, and waste
services.................................. 155 100.0 56.6 19.5 23.9
Education and health services.................... 264 100.0 72.3 8.2 19.5
Educational services........................ 39 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Health care and social assistance (4)....... 224 100.0 72.0 9.6 18.4
Hospitals............................... 60 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Health services, except hospitals....... 129 100.0 74.9 4.1 21.1
Leisure and hospitality (4)...................... 174 100.0 71.6 11.3 17.0
Accommodation and food services (4)......... 130 100.0 66.3 12.8 21.0
Food services and drinking places....... 104 100.0 64.7 14.7 20.6
Other services................................... 107 100.0 65.5 12.8 21.8
Government workers..................................... 202 100.0 66.5 9.4 24.1
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2003 and
December 2005 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of
worker.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
4 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Table 5. Displaced workers (1) by occupation of lost job and employment status in January 2006
Percent distribution by employment status
Total
Occupation of lost job (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Total, 20 years and over (2)................. 3,815 100.0 69.9 13.4 16.7
Management, professional, and related
occupations..................................... 1,307 100.0 74.1 11.9 14.0
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations................................... 709 100.0 71.8 13.6 14.6
Professional and related occupations........... 598 100.0 76.8 9.9 13.2
Service occupations.............................. 339 100.0 66.5 14.0 19.6
Sales and office occupations..................... 949 100.0 70.2 11.3 18.6
Sales and related occupations.................. 360 100.0 73.9 13.6 12.6
Office and administrative support
occupations................................... 589 100.0 67.9 9.9 22.2
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations..................................... 421 100.0 72.2 13.0 14.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..... 5 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Construction and extraction occupations........ 240 100.0 70.2 13.7 16.0
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations................................... 176 100.0 76.9 11.2 11.9
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations..................................... 765 100.0 63.3 17.6 19.2
Production occupations......................... 524 100.0 59.4 18.8 21.8
Transportation and material moving
occupations................................... 241 100.0 71.7 14.8 13.4
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January
2003 and December 2005 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of
their positions or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number who did not report occupation.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
Table 6. Displaced workers (1) by selected characteristics and area of residence in January 2006
(In thousands)
New Middle East West South East West
Characteristic Total England Atlantic North North Atlantic South South Mountain Pacific
Central Central Central Central
Workers who lost jobs
Total, 20 years and over........ 3,815 237 431 736 263 658 263 352 248 627
Men................................. 2,076 123 240 411 148 350 120 196 142 346
Women............................... 1,739 114 191 325 115 308 143 156 106 281
Reason for job loss
Plant or company closed down or
moved.............................. 1,869 117 197 318 145 341 156 180 105 310
Insufficient work................... 849 71 122 180 35 112 55 66 57 151
Position or shift abolished......... 1,098 49 112 239 83 204 52 106 86 166
Industry and class of worker of lost
job (2)
Agriculture and related industries
wage and salary workers............ 14 - 3 - - - 3 - - 8
Nonagricultural industries wage and
salary workers..................... 3,753 234 417 734 263 652 258 348 245 602
Private nonagricultural wage and
salary workers................... 3,551 228 408 681 253 614 245 329 226 568
Mining...................... 17 - - 7 - 2 2 - 2 3
Construction................ 270 6 17 46 23 60 17 33 26 41
Manufacturing............... 1,085 67 131 245 70 145 111 111 44 161
Durable goods.......... 688 37 74 186 50 73 63 62 30 114
Nondurable goods....... 397 31 57 58 20 72 48 49 14 48
Wholesale and retail
trade...................... 508 35 78 95 39 72 25 43 37 84
Transportation and
utilities.................. 189 2 23 35 12 50 17 12 9 29
Information................. 164 7 13 35 15 26 12 2 22 32
Financial activities........ 368 30 53 68 31 55 8 39 23 61
Professional and business
services................... 406 45 36 70 23 85 18 40 28 60
Education and health
services................... 264 23 33 44 13 51 10 33 7 51
Leisure and hospitality..... 174 9 16 37 15 43 17 8 11 18
Other services.............. 107 3 7 - 13 26 8 7 16 27
Government workers................ 202 6 10 53 10 38 14 20 19 34
Employment status
in January 2006
Employed............................ 2,667 159 258 498 188 512 163 250 175 464
Unemployed.......................... 510 41 80 124 30 64 49 26 25 71
Not in the labor force.............. 638 36 94 114 46 82 51 76 48 92
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2003 and
December 2005 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report industry or class of worker.
NOTE: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont compose the New England
Division; New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania compose the Middle Atlantic Division; Illinois, Indiana, Michigan,
Ohio, and Wisconsin compose the East North Central Division; Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota compose the West North Central Division; Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland,
North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia compose the South Atlantic Division; Alabama, Kentucky,
Mississippi, and Tennessee compose the East South Central Division; Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas compose
the West South Central Division; Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming compose the
Mountain Division; Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington compose the Pacific Division. Dash represents or
rounds to zero.
ÿ Table 7. Displaced workers (1) who lost full-time wage and salary jobs and were reemployed in January 2006 by
industry of lost job and characteristics of new job
(In thousands)
Reemployed in January 2006
Wage and salary workers
Full time
Self-
Industry and class of worker of lost job employed
Total Earnings relative to those of lost job and
Part unpaid
time family
Total 20 Below, Equal or 20 workers
(2) percent but above, percent
or more within 20 but or more
below percent within 20 above
percent
Total who lost full-time wage and salary
jobs (3)............................... 2,430 241 1,990 488 345 557 307 199
Agriculture and related industries wage and
salary workers............................. 6 2 4 - - - 3 -
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary
workers.................................... 2,412 231 1,984 488 344 557 304 196
Private nonagricultural wage and salary
workers.................................. 2,296 212 1,901 470 321 536 290 183
Mining.............................. 9 - 9 3 - - 1 -
Construction........................ 200 14 173 54 20 52 30 13
Manufacturing....................... 678 61 575 166 96 149 72 43
Durable goods.................. 422 43 350 119 57 70 47 29
Nondurable goods............... 256 18 224 47 40 80 25 14
Wholesale and retail trade.......... 319 27 264 53 44 72 50 28
Transportation and utilities........ 128 8 106 25 27 30 21 15
Information......................... 122 11 98 35 13 37 6 14
Financial activities................ 275 16 233 46 50 63 41 25
Professional and business
services........................... 262 20 218 41 46 65 30 24
Education and health services....... 150 24 116 29 15 36 21 10
Leisure and hospitality............. 89 24 58 6 3 12 13 7
Other services...................... 64 7 50 13 6 18 5 6
Government workers........................ 115 19 83 18 23 21 14 13
1 Data refer to persons who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January 2003 and
December 2005 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the abolishment of their positions
or shifts.
2 Includes about 293,000 persons who did not report earnings on lost job.
3 Includes a small number who did not report industry.
NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
ÿ Table 8. Total displaced workers (1) by selected characteristics and employment status in January 2006
Percent distribution by employment status
Total
Characteristic (thousands)
Total Employed Unemployed Not in the
labor force
Workers who lost jobs
Total, 20 years and over...................... 8,149 100.0 68.4 15.8 15.8
20 to 24 years.................................... 865 100.0 63.8 19.7 16.5
25 to 54 years.................................... 5,953 100.0 72.3 15.5 12.2
55 to 64 years.................................... 1,091 100.0 58.8 15.1 26.1
65 years and over................................. 241 100.0 31.1 13.1 55.8
Men........................................... 4,540 100.0 72.3 15.6 12.1
20 to 24 years.................................... 510 100.0 67.6 21.5 10.8
25 to 54 years.................................... 3,319 100.0 76.8 14.3 8.9
55 to 64 years.................................... 568 100.0 59.9 17.7 22.4
65 years and over................................. 143 100.0 34.6 16.0 49.4
Women......................................... 3,608 100.0 63.4 16.1 20.5
20 to 24 years.................................... 354 100.0 58.3 17.0 24.7
25 to 54 years.................................... 2,633 100.0 66.7 17.0 16.3
55 to 64 years.................................... 523 100.0 57.7 12.2 30.2
65 years and over................................. 98 100.0 26.0 8.8 65.2
White............................................. 6,557 100.0 69.7 14.8 15.5
Black or African American......................... 1,108 100.0 61.0 21.7 17.4
Asian............................................. 258 100.0 69.0 16.2 14.8
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity...................... 1,121 100.0 65.6 20.7 13.6
Reason for job loss
Plant or company closed down or moved............. 3,543 100.0 69.8 14.5 15.7
Insufficient work................................. 2,607 100.0 64.4 19.8 15.8
Position or shift abolished....................... 1,999 100.0 71.1 12.8 16.0
Occupation of lost job (2)
Management, professional, and related
occupations..................................... 2,237 100.0 75.3 11.7 13.0
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations................................... 1,085 100.0 74.0 14.0 12.0
Professional and related occupations........... 1,152 100.0 76.5 9.6 13.9
Service occupations.............................. 1,024 100.0 64.8 15.0 20.2
Sales and office occupations..................... 2,042 100.0 66.3 15.8 17.9
Sales and related occupations.................. 819 100.0 70.6 15.7 13.7
Office and administrative support
occupations................................... 1,223 100.0 63.4 15.8 20.8
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations..................................... 1,029 100.0 69.5 19.0 11.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations..... 31 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Construction and extraction occupations........ 674 100.0 66.7 20.8 12.6
Installation, maintenance, and repair
occupations................................... 325 100.0 76.9 14.5 8.6
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations..................................... 1,597 100.0 64.1 18.7 17.2
Production occupations......................... 1,028 100.0 65.1 18.2 16.7
Transportation and material moving
occupations................................... 569 100.0 62.3 19.7 18.0
Industry and class of worker of lost job (2)
Agriculture and related industries wage and salary
workers.......................................... 39 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Nonagricultural industries wage and salary
workers.......................................... 7,835 100.0 68.6 15.4 16.0
Private nonagricultural wage and salary
workers........................................ 7,466 100.0 68.5 15.7 15.8
Mining.................................... 34 100.0 (3) (3) (3)
Construction.............................. 804 100.0 69.9 17.6 12.6
Manufacturing............................. 1,822 100.0 66.3 16.2 17.5
Durable goods........................ 1,144 100.0 67.0 14.0 18.9
Nondurable goods..................... 678 100.0 65.1 19.7 15.2
Wholesale and retail trade................ 1,172 100.0 64.3 17.7 18.0
Transportation and utilities.............. 333 100.0 77.2 15.8 7.0
Information............................... 304 100.0 74.9 9.1 16.1
Financial activities...................... 595 100.0 76.3 11.8 11.9
Professional and business services........ 938 100.0 68.8 16.5 14.7
Education and health services............. 607 100.0 69.8 11.6 18.6
Leisure and hospitality................... 597 100.0 67.4 16.8 15.8
Other services............................ 258 100.0 60.3 19.4 20.3
Government workers.............................. 370 100.0 71.0 9.0 20.0
1 Data refer to all persons (regardless of years of tenure on lost job) who had lost or left a job
between January 2003 and December 2005 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work,
or the abolishment of their positions or shifts.
2 Total includes a small number of unpaid family workers and persons who did not report occupation,
industry, or class of worker.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well
as by race.