The city of Honolulu, the capital of Hawaii, is located
on the southeastern shore of the island of Oahu. John Ashman Beaven, originally a newspaperman and lawyer from upstate
New York relocated to Honolulu in 1910. In 1912, at the age of 43, he
started the Oahu Baseball League and by 1917 leased land along King
Street from the Honolulu Transit Company to build Moiliili Field as the
new home for his League. Until then the heart of local sport had been
the old Athletic Park near downtown Honolulu. Prior to the completion of
the dredging of the Ala Wai Canal in 1927 by the Army Corp. of
Engineers, much of the area and that of Waikiki in Honolulu were
wetlands, swamps and rice paddies.1

Beaven's teams played at Moiliili Field for 8 years, as did the football
league and many visiting teams from the mainland, Korea and Japan before
becoming obsolete. In 1925 he borrowed $96,000 from industrialist
William Castle to buy acreage located virtually across King Street from
the Kaauila Land Trust and the following year founded Honolulu Stadium, Ltd. a
corporation of Honolulu's prominent citizens in which he would be
General Manager. With its startup funding the corporation bought a total
of fourteen acres for $100,000 of which they sold five, and six were for the new field
and bleacher area bordered by King, Isenberg and Banyan Streets and Makahiki Way.
1

In 1926 Oahu's population was less than 200,000, Wallace Farrington was
mayor, some Japanese women walked the streets in kimonos and Oahu's
tallest structure was Aloha Tower (built that year).2 Construction began in September of
that year and
concrete bases were sunk onto the coral below grade to
support the steel framework for seating for 10,000. Temporary seating for 6,000
were set up in the end zones and a 10 foot high wood and barbed wire
fence was built around the perimeter.
Permanent bleachers along the mauka, ewa and Diamond Head borders
wouldn't be completely in place until the end of World War II.1

Opening day was November 11, 1926, Armistice day, with an American
Legion Benefit football game between the University of Hawaii and the
Scotty Schumann's Town Team to decide the 1926 championship of the
Senior Football league. The Town Team won 14 -7 before a crowd of
16,000, the largest to date to see a football game in Hawaii.1

In 1931 the Associated Students of the University of Hawaii negotiated a
sublease to manage the Stadium during football season for a $10,000 a
year rental fee. Babe Ruth played at the stadium in 1933 during an
exhibition tour. By 1936 most of the share holders had donated
their interests to the University and over the next three years smaller
shares were purchased until ASUH and the University owned almost two
thirds. They then were the ones to handle food and beverage concession
rights, usage rights by baseball, football, polo and stock car racing.
Beaven continued at the stadium until ill health prompted his retirement in
1939. He was succeeded by Ernest Tucker Chase, and then Theodore "Pump"
Searle who was replaced by sports promoter Mackay Yanagisawa in 1956.1

When the permanent bleachers were finally added, the stadium held about 24,000 people but at times as many as 30,000
crammed inside. With just 87 parking space,
including 11 for management and eight for the media, parking was obviously
a problem. But the lack of parking created more of a community feeling, not
less. People forced to walk for blocks through neighborhoods bought
shaved ice, saimin or sweet bread from sidewalk vendors.
Part of the event was finding a place to park, by paying
someone to park in their lot or yard or parking at Central Union
Church and taking the bus.2

Hawaiian Village Hotel with one of the famous "Pink"
catamarans in foreground - 1957Photo by Mike Roberts

In 1955, 108,000 tourists visited the islands, spending an estimated $56
million. That year three high-rise hotels opened in Waikiki and
Henry Kaiser's Hawaiian Village opened its first 70 rooms.3Henry
J. Kaiser was one of the earliest and biggest boosters of the
Hawaiian tourist industry. The Hawaiian Village Hotel complex was
the territory’s first destination resort, extending over 22 acres
of beach front in Waikiki.

Hawaiian Village Hotel with "Pink"
outrigger canoes - 1950s

He added its first tower, The Ocean Tower, at 14 floors in
1957. It was one of the worlds first theme hotels and it had a man
made lagoon. They also rented "pink" catamarans to tourists. Kaiser also started his own radio
station, KHVH, which stood for Kaiser Hawaiian Village Hotel and
broadcast from rooftop studios in the hotel.

KHVH Logocourtesy Ron Jacobs

At the end October of 1957, Elvis, Scotty, Bill and D.J.
had just completed a short tour of three cities in four days that
included San Francisco, Oakland and Los
Angeles. Like the tour just before that, it was promoted by
Lee Gordon.
Peter Guralnick in "Elvis
Day by Day" wrote that booking agent and bandleader Al Dvorin
recalled that this was intended to
be the last show of the tour until Lee Gordon, who has been booking all
of the biggest shows into Australia since the war and has been trying
desperately to persuade the Colonel to let him book Elvis there, rolled
dice with the Colonel for two Hawaiian dates. From Gordon’s point of
view, this was like getting Elvis halfway to the goal, and the Colonel
continues to talk with Gordon about booking Elvis in Australia until at
least 1961, though how serious he is may be judged by the results.

Varying accounts have been given as to why the shows in
Hawaii were added and the Colonel himself would later refute the dice
story as a joke.
Jailhouse Rock,
Elvis' third film, opened nationally on November
8th and Elvis, when interviewed on his arrival said that the shows in
Hawaii were added as a result of a delay in the start of his next movie.
In Day by Day, Peter Guralnick suggested that it quite possibly was at
least influenced by the fact that the Colonel himself had been stationed in
Hawaii during his brief Army career between 1929 and 1932 and he took
the opportunity to visit with old friends. An article in the Honolulu
Star-Bulletin also gave this explanation:

21,000 Isle Christmas Cards in '56
Gave Elvis Idea to Sing Here Sunday
Elvis Presley’s manager, Colonel Tom Parker, said today the biggest incentive for the rock ’n roll
singer's appearance here were the 21,000 Christmas cards received from Hawaiian Island fans last year.
The gyrating Presley is scheduled to perform in two shows, 3 and 8:15 pm., Sunday in the Honolulu Stadium.
He arrives on the Matsonia scheduled to dock at 9 a.m., Saturday and will probably take the next ship back to Los Angeles and on to Memphis, Tennessee, according to Parker.
"The boy, hates airplanes, I don't know why." he added.
He said the show was mapped out "in 30 minutes over lunch last Thursday" and two days later he was here
making arrangements.
Original plans for an Australian tour were canceled, "but we may change our minds at the last minute," he said.
Presley, who grosses $800,000 annually, will be assisted on stage by the Blue Moon Boys, a band combo: the Jordanaires quartet, and a variety troupe.
Parker, who has been managing the money-making Presley for more than two years, describes his charge as "a very popular kid—but real humble."
According to Lee Gordon, show promoter, Presley is getting a guarantee on the show, "but I can‘t tell how much. It’s in the contract."

On November 5th, Elvis sticking to his promise to his
mother not to fly unless it was absolutely necessary, along with his entourage
boarded the S.S. Matsonia in Los Angeles for the 4 day boat
trip to Hawaii. His mother's, and likely his own, fears were no doubt
reaffirmed by the fact that a
Pan American flight
en route to Hawaii
from San Francisco with 44 people aboard had gone down in the ocean the
night before his
arrival.

There was one small surprise at the dock: Billy
Murphy showed up with his bags packed just as the ship was about to
sail. Bill was a Hollywood regular and friends with John Wayne and
Robert Mitchum. He had had several roles, including one in
"Sands of Iwo Jima," and was well liked by Elvis
and many of
the guys. Elvis had invited him sometime earlier, but there had been
no further discussion of the subject, and now a mild flurry of confusion
arose before someone finally purchased a ticket for him. Other than
that, the cruise was a dull one, made up of typical tourists and
retirees and a notable absence of eligible girls.4

Cliff Gleaves, who continued to aspire to Hollywood
hipness, followed Billy around to the point that Murphy finally told
him, "Cliff you’re colorful and you’re interesting, but you’re ninety
percent exaggeration and ten percent lies." Which kind of took the wind
out of Cliff’s sails and gave the others something to chew on.4

1956 ad announcing the addition of the Matsonia to
service

Matson began passenger service to Honolulu in 1908, just
two years before Beaman arrived in Honolulu. In 1931 Matson Lines commissioned
the SS Monterey, built by Bethlehem Steel in
Quincy, Massachusetts, at a cost of $8,300,492.00 with 472 first-class
accommodations, 229 cabin-class and a crew of 360. In June 1932, the
first cruise included San Francisco, Los Angeles, Honolulu, Auckland,
Pago Pago, Suva, Sydney and Melbourne. In 1941 it was commissioned by
the U.S. Marines and carried missionaries and U.S. citizens
stranded in Asia, back home. It was used as a troop ship for the
duration of WWII, and returned to civilian conversion in 1946. Sold to
the government in 1952, it was re-fitted and re-purchased by Matson
Lines in 1955 and christened the Matsonia by Mrs. Lucy Blaisdell.
5

To meet the increased demands of
tourism to the islands, in
June of 1957, it joined its sister ship, the Lurline (commissioned in
1932) in service between San Francisco, Los Angeles and Honolulu.
With a length of 632 feet and a speed of 22 knots it was now completely
air-conditioned. Spacious and distinctively designed public
rooms and staterooms accommodated 761 passengers, all in first-class.

Elvis with Jana and Luana Fisher on the deck of the Matsonia - Nov
1957Photo by Velma Fisher courtesy Jim Curtin's "Candids of the
King"

On the Matsonia, Elvis met Kailua resident Velma Fisher, whose husband,
Luther, was a Matson chief engineer. Velma and her four children, Skip,
Mona, Luana and Jana (ages eleven, nine, six and four) occupied a cabin
three doors away from his and they met the first day when he and his
entourage went to the daily bingo game. Velma handed out the game cards
and introduced herself. She was forty three. "I didn't want to
make a big fuss over him," Fisher remembers, "so I didn't ask for
an autograph, but I did take pictures of him with the kids." 6

Elvis with Mona Fisher and passengers on the Pool deck of the Matsonia -
Nov 1957Photo by Velma Fisher courtesy Jim Curtin's "Candids of the
King"

"He was always polite, a real gentleman," Fisher said, "and
friendly. Ever day at cocktail time in the lounge, he played the piano
for everybody and he was real easy to meet. My daughters took to him and
I didn't mind leaving them in his care. He wasn't really a baby-sitter,
but when I was away from the cabin, he looked in on them."
Mona remembers sitting on the piano bench next to Elvis. "He started
singing 'Love Me Tender,'" she said. "He told me he wrote that
for me! I believed that one for years." 6

Elvis with passengers on the aft deck of the Matsonia -
Nov 1957Photo courtesy FECC/Desert Strorm

Another couple that became friendly with Elvis on the
voyage were Jim and Marilyn Waste. My parents sailed to Honolulu, Hawaii in November, 1957 onboard the Matsonia. Much to their surprise Elvis Presley and his entourage were fellow passengers. Elvis caused quite a sensation by freely mixing with the other passengers. My parents knew who he was because they were young (28 and 27) and listened to Top 40 rock
n’ roll radio stations. All the women on the ship were excited Elvis was onboard except for my Mom. She says that Elvis took it for granted that they all wanted to meet him and he flirted with them. But the fact was that my Dad was every bit as good-looking as Elvis, back in those days, if not more so, so my Mom failed to be smitten. She
"wasn’t impressed."7

Then one day she was on the deck reading the paperback version of Peyton
Place and Elvis came up to her and offered her a red rose. He wanted to get to know her! Perhaps it’s because even though she was a mother of three (with the fourth on the way) my Mom was very beautiful back then. The students at San Mateo High School had voted her “Best Looking” and yet she was unspoiled by it all. Anyway, Elvis put his arm around my Mom and my Dad took some pictures. My Mom looks amused by it all in the
pictures but you can tell she really wasn’t that excited. Later my Dad and Elvis did some trap-shooting together on the ship so they got to know each other a bit more. My parents said Elvis was a real gentleman and very polite.7

The end of my parent’s encounter with Elvis actually happened in their Waikiki hotel lobby. Suddenly there was a great commotion as Elvis arrived in the same hotel lobby, surrounded by his entourage and a large number of people. They said it was almost a mad mob scene, with reporters and fans whipped up into a frenzy. Elvis looked over and recognized my Dad and Mom and gave them a knowing shrug of the shoulders and expression on his face that meant, “Well, this is how it is for me, all of the time!”7

The day before Elvis arrived, a telegram was sent from the ship to the
Honolulu Star-Bulletin which they published in the paper. Lamar
Fike, who among others accompanied Elvis on this trip also recalls
the Colonel made at least one of the trips with them by ship, thinking
it was the trip over but it had to have been on the way back. The Colonel actually flew to Hawaii the day before
Elvis was scheduled to arrive to secure things and meet with the press.

AS MIKE TODD whirled out of the Hawaiian Village, in ambled a soft-spoken, molasses · moving Southern gentleman who knew all the tricks of show business before Mike could spell his own name.
(He still can‘t. That's why it's Todd.)
Colonel Tom Parker deserves his honorary Tennessee title. He's won countless victories on the precarious field of
entertainment, the latest and greatest being the triumph of Elvis Presley.
Half a dozen years ago the good colonel was booking teen-age Elvis in a package deal on a
small-town circuit. Last year his protégé received 400,000 Christmas cards — 20,000 of them from Hawaii.
THIS YEAR THE Youth Foundation chose as the world's four top personalities:
Elvis, President Eisenhower, Queen Elisabeth and Princess Grace," said Colonel Parker. He was modestly stating a fact.
And the longer I lingered over lunch with Colonel Parker and Tom Diskin, a gentle, sandy-haired young man who is tour manager for the Presley show, the more I enjoyed their homespun candor. After a week on
Todd's pressure cooker. it was a relief to be among the grits and gravy folk. Naturally, the conversation
turned to—who else?
"Call it personality - magnetism. Valentino had it. Only the kids can tell you what it is.
It hasn't spoiled Elvis. I can tell you that. Just made him more mature, more seriously interested in his career. Did you know
that of his 20 personal appearances this year, eight of them benefited charities, and four of them gave all
the proceeds to charity?"
THE COLONEL WAS interrupted by Tom Diskin, who added "I've read at least 50 letters to Elvis from blind
and handicapped children who are confined to their beds or homes, and they all used the same phrase ‘You've made life worth living.' Elvis is a very sensitive boy who thinks about these things. In two years we’ve sent out 50.000 books and pictures to organizations, and we've paid
for the shipping and merchandise."
"Yet when he sang 'Peace In the Valley' on the Ed Sullivan show." continued the colonel, "he received 5,000 letters from religious groups asking him to build churches.
"One lady has been writing constantly asking Elvis to sell five of his six cars because her father is along in years and could use the money. I wonder lf she knows that last month he raised $20,000 in Tupelo for a youth center.
"HE'S SUCH A pro-and-con personality that all kinds of stories crop up.
I read in one of your papers that I'd
been talking to Hal Lewis over dinner about Elvis. I've never had dinner with Hal Lewis. I called him right
away to ask who'd picked up the tab.
"Several months ago an article in a Georgia paper described Elvis's life In the
Army, and said I was working
in the commissary selling pictures. We were on tour 2.000 miles away. Elvis is 1-A of course, but he's still
on the waiting list.
"Yesterday I had over 30 calls, mostly from kids, actually if Elvis was REALLY coming—if it wasn't just a
joke.
"HE'S REALLY COMING, on the Matsonia, with a party of 10 friends and relations. Boy, will they be all shook up when they land. He won't fly, you know. We once chartered a plane in Texas and two motors went
out. We ditched in a field."
And that cured him? I asked.
"Cured him. honey? It scared the living daylights out of him. The only thing he was sure of was his safety
belt and it was so tight it nearly cut him in two."
Do you know if he has any plans for marriage? I asked Tom D.
"When he meets someone and falls in love. everybody'll know. He wont hide it. He thinks love is something
to be proud of."
And will you, Colonel Parker. continue to be his manager as long as his career lasts?
"MY CAREER WILL GO ON with or without Elvis, and his will with or without me. He's going on 22 and I'm going on 50, so he‘ll be going on a lot longer than I. Also I'm all shook up already.
"For my next promotion, I'm going to try to get that little dog in Sputnik
II. Seriously, honey, he'd be great on a personal appearance tour. And I could get a good deal on dog food."

Honolulu Star-Bulletin Nov. 11, 1957
courtesy Hawaii State Library

For this trip, Elvis had reserved the entire 14th floor of the Ocean
Tower at the Hawaiian Village Hotel and plans for security were detailed
in the newspaper the week before.

Teen-agers
Will See but Not Touch ElvisOfficialdom said today that Elvis Presley's fans will
get to see him but not touch him when he arrives on the Matsonia at Pier
10 at 9 am. tomorrow.
He will come in on the ship, all right, officials said, but their plans
are such that they predict no fan will get within 10 feet of him at the
pier and few will get within yards of him at the Hawaiian Village Hotel
where he will have a 14th floor refuge.
Security plans for Elvis match those for visiting chiefs of state.
A web of about 30 men, including personal guards, police officers and
Castle & Cooke security officers will surround the dock area.
Assistant Chief of Police Dewey Mookini said 22 additional men will be
on call should-there be any mob action.
Castle & Cooke is also ready with an extra guard crew - just in case
things get out of hand.
Terminal officials reported a double fence may also be put up as an
additional safeguard.
They said security measures mapped for the Presley entrance will make it
impossible for fans to get closer than 10 feet. from the rock 'n' roll
idol.
Chief Mookini believes that this reinforced security was never accorded
any other person arriving here.
"Even (ex-President) Truman had about 20 men," he recalled.
But dockside preparations appear niggardly compared to the security
strategy outlined at the Hawaiian Village Hotel, where the singer will
be quartered in a 14th floor penthouse.
About a dozen men, including Al Pinoli, chief of security at the hotel,
will be on 24—hour duty, guarding each entrance, staircase and elevator.
Two side entrances to the hotel will be barricaded, thereby, cutting the
stream of traffic through the main entrance only.
In the 14th floor Presley hideout, three of his personal guards who are
traveling with him will on watch.'TEEN-AGED PROOF'
As Mr. Pinoli puts it: "Teen-agers may as well forget about seeing him
up close. They aren’t going to have a chance. This place is teen-aged
proof."
He said all teenagers wandering around by themselves will be suspect and
that only guests will be allowed to go up to the floors.
If a guest wants friends up to his room, he will have to come-down to
meet them and personally escort them up.
He noted "this is going to be rough on the rest ofthe guests too, but we
can‘t take any risk of property or personal damage."
And "absolutely no one will be allowed to go up to see Presley," he
pointed out.HE'S HOPEFUL
Although Chief Mookinis hands are presently full with Presley security
plans, he is still hopeful-with a great
deal of reservations--that Island teenagers will behave like "little
ladies and gentlemen. ·
"I have a lot of faith in them," ‘he said, but in the next breath
murmured - "I don't know, this boy seems to be a little different than
the rest."
Mookini emphasized the police officers at the dock-and the hotel area
are not escorts for Presley, but will be there "for the protection of
life and property."
He said 35 officers, including a lieutenant and three sergeants; have
been hired by the show promoters for Sunday’s performance in the
Honolulu Stadium.

Boat Day was a Hawaiian tradition of greeting arriving
and departing passenger ships in a style that is island-indigenous and
therefore unmistakably warm and welcoming. Ships had always been
important to Hawaii. They brought provisions to the islands, as well
as mail, materials, and people--and that included tourists,
honeymooners, celebrities, and military personnel who were reporting
to duty at the local Schofield Barracks. Pageant-like with color and
crescendo, the scene back then was enhanced by the lush island
melodies of the Royal Hawaiian Band, the excited scurrying of
passengers to locate and claim luggage, and a profusion of animated
friends and relatives poised pierside to proffer leis. Boat Day
reached its pinnacle in the 1930s and continued as Matson liners, like
the Lurline and the Monterey, brought passengers to Oahu.18 On Saturday, November 9th, the S. S. Matsonia
arrived in Honolulu, on Boat Day.

The S.S. Matsonia arriving in Honolulu Harbor on Boat
day

"Back . . . back please. Presley is first—then the Congressmen," a
harried Matson official muttered as he made way for Elvis Presley's debarkation this morning from the Matsonia at Pier 10.

The rock 'n roll idol drew in his breath at the top of the gangplank,
slicked back his long locks, planted a few moist kisses on nearby hula
girls for the cameramen, and descended to the wild shrieks of some 4,000
fans.

Brownie cameras clicked, girls, jostled and pressed forward, the while
emitting a variety of Comanche yells. The teenagers weren't outfought
but they were slickly outmaneuvered. 8

Colonel Torn Parker, Presley's manager, murmured a few quick comments to
Elvis. Then the manager smoothly guided him to a waiting taxi and they
disappeared in a matter of seconds, leaving the crowd milling
uncertainly.
Presley's fans may not get too close to the guitar-playing Tennessean,
but they will see and hear him at two shows tomorrow. at 3 p.m. and 8
pm. in Honolulu Stadium.

Elvis met the press (and two resolute lasses who
managed to crash the function) aboard ship an hour before he landed.8

Elvis Greeted by Mob Of Screaming Teenagers
Elvis Presley arrived in Honolulu Saturday morning on the Matsonia.
Several thousand orderly but screaming teenagers waited inside Pier 10
for him to disembark. (The first teenage fan took up her vigil at 6:30
a.m. She's a cousin of Alfred
Apaka.)
As he hurried off the ship via the crew's gangplank, surrounded by his
bodyguards and traveling companions, a scream went up that sounded like
a hurricane at its height.
As if they had practiced the maneuver many times before, Presley's party
formed a V in front of the singing idol and ran at a trot down the
stairs, past the screaming crowd. Then they hopped into a waiting
limousine and sped away.
It was much like a well-rehearsed get away for a bank robbery.

PRESSLEY'S room number at the Hawaiian Village hotel is 14-A,
kids, but knowing it won't do you much good.
Barbara Wong of Kaneohe, a teenage Presley fan, made a 63-foot plumeria
lei and brought it clear over the Pali only to find that the rock 'n
roll star isn't answering his telephone.
With tears in her eyes, she asked the manager of the hotel if he
couldn't take her up to see Presley. "Sorry," he said,
"there's nothing I can do."

Honolulu Advertiser Photo courtesy Hawaii State Library

ABOARD THE Matsonia, as the ship entered the harbor, Presley
obligingly posed for photographers, preferably with a hula girl in his
arms.
"Take your time," he told the photographers at one point,
"this in the best part of the trip."
A short time later when Snookie Skoglund, a 15 year old from Minneapolis
squeezed beside Presley and gave him a lei and bussed him soundly, he
kissed her right back and murmured. "Honey, it's been five days
since I've seen a girl. You better watch out."

Star-Bulletin Photo courtesy Hawaii State Library

IN A BRIEF interview with reporters on shipboard, Presley
said he took the Matsonia to Hawai rather than an airplane because he's
afraid of flying. Asked why, he replied. "Just listen to the
headlines. I could have been on that flight (which disappeared Friday
afternoon between San Francisco and Honolulu with 44 persons aboard.)
However, he added, he has, no Hawaiian tunes on his program. The only
Hawaiian "that I ever sung is ‘Until We Meet Again.' That's
'Aloha Oe,' isn't it?"

A REPORTER ASKED, "What do you think of being called Elvis
the Pelvis?" Presley answered, "It's very immature and
childish. Like a kid trying to find something to rhyme with Elvis."
He explained that the nine persons traveling with him are all friends
from Memphis whom he takes with him for company wherever he goes and
"to have a little touch of home."
The waiting list of applications for these positions, he added, is quite
long.

"WHAT ARE the prerequisites for the job?" asked one
reporter.
"What's that, sir'?" said Elvis blankly.
"The prerequisites for the job?"
"How do you pick 'em?" asked another reporter.
"Oh, they're just old friends . . . from school and around
home."
Elvis, who was wearing a maroon jacket, black slacks, black loafers,
gray socks and a white knit sweater, said he brought along only three
suitcases.

ASKED TO DESCRIBE what he had on he said, "Don't ask me.
I'm real green about clothes." He said he picks out his own and
never pays more than $7 for a shirt, $10 for a pair of shoes.
A fellow passenger, who made the trip with him, described Presley as
likeable. "He spent a lot of time posing for movies with the
waitresses so they could show their children."
The only note of discord to his welcome to Honolulu appeared in the
harbor before the Matsonia tied up. It was a small outboard runabout
manned by three teenagers who held aloft a banner reading, "Elvis
Go Home."

He wore a white knit sweater with a large rolled collar, a wine-colored
sports coat flocked with black, black slacks, dark well-shined loafers
and white socks checkered with brown.
This 22-year-old with the build of an-Oklahoma halfback soon had
skeptical newsmen singing his praises.
Speaking with a Southern slur and liberally punctuating his answers with
"suh," Elvis freely admitted, "I’m pretty green when it comes to
clothes. "I don't pay over $7 for a shirt and $10 for a pair of shoes.
But I do plan to stock up on a Hawaiian outfit while I'm here." 8

He said present plans call for his party of nine to return to Memphis,
Tennessee, next week.
Asked if he might visit any Neighbor Islands, he said. "It depends on
how we're received here.
Presley and Parker both indicated an Australian tour following their
visit here is unlikely, although "We're always open to a last minute
switch."

He explained their sudden decision to visit the Islands this way:
"It was a real rush deal. We were in Hollywood to make a picture (as yet
unnamed), but it was postponed until the first of the year. We weren't
doing anything, so Mr. Parker asked if we'd like to go to Hawaii.
"I said, 'Huh!' and was packed right away."

As for his traveling companions, mostly high school friends and disc
jockeys, Presley said, "I like to have my friends along . . . it gives
me a little touch of home. Anyway, it's more fun to see things together.
"I've got a waiting list . . . pretty long one . . . of friends who want
to make trips with me.
"In fact I've heard from lots of so-called old friends from years ago
who always say, ‘You remember me, don`t you?' "

He said his latest hit, "Jailhouse Rock." has sold more than two
million records in its first two weeks out. He didn't indicate whether
this might be on his Hawaiian program, but he said enthusiastically that
"Hawaiian music will certainly be on my program if I can learn any in
time." 8

Elvisit
The only ones who were "all shook up" when Elvis arrived in
Honolulu Saturday were thousands of teenagers who caught a fleeting
glimpse of the singer. Presley admitted he loves crowds. "When
there's a mob waiting," said Elvis, "it doesn‘t upset me a
bit. Just the people in my group."
Elvis received his first lei in Hawaii from Milwarde Rathburn of Matson.
The "ceremony" took place at sea—during his first Hawaiian
press conference in the Marine veranda of the Matsonia. "He‘s a
very polite boy," said Milwarde, "and much handsomer than I
thought."
The tall husky Elvis punctuated his conversation with many "yes
sirs" and "no sirs." He combed his hair a half dozen
times, but the long locks had trouble staying in place.
We asked him about that brawl in a Memphis filling station. '"If I
have to, I can take care of myself pretty good. As a kid I scrapped
about as much as anyone." His 180 pounds seems fairly well
distributed over a large six foot frame.
Does Elvis have a favorite entertainer?
"Not really. If the talent is good. I like it."
His ambition?
"I hope to be a good actor, someday."
His pet peeve? Being called Pelvis.

Honolulu Advertiser - Nov. 11, 1957 courtesy Hawaii
State Library

Other Presley views in a nutshell; Such nicknames as "Elvis the Pelvis"
are strictly juvenile.
"There‘s nothing I can do about it, but it sounds like little kids
trying to find something to rhyme with Elvis.
"I have no steady girl friend nor do I have any plans of marriage right
now.
"I would eventually like to be a good actor. I haven't had time up to
now, but I would like to study for it.
"I don’t like airplanes. I'm scared stiff of them. In fact, we could’ve
been on this one missing now.
"I brought only three pieces of luggage. But I guess there must be about
40 for all of us."

There was no confusion and no throngs of juveniles when Presley and his
party arrived at the Hawaiian Village Hotel. Several teen-age girls were
waiting quietly, and one of them-Babette (Bobby) Andre-presented the
singer with a lei and the kiss that goes with it.
Presley returned the kiss vigorously. Miss Andre walked away in a happy
daze.

The Jordanaires and Presley's guitar, bass and drums accompanists are
scheduled to arrive by plane at 4:30 this afternoon.8

Scotty, Bill, DJ, and the
Jordanaires took a United Airlines flight. This time they would break
tradition and stay in the same hotel with Elvis, who had reserved the entire
fourteenth floor of the Hawaiian Village Hotel. Scotty's $12-a-night room was
plusher than he usually got on the road.9
In spite of the security, it didn't sway all fans from going to the hotel.
Elvis threw cut up scraps of clothing and records down to them.
Naturally, not all of the records would survive the drop from the 14th floor
intact.

Elvis Presley fans who hounded him at the Hawaiian
village Hotel with shouts of "We Want Elvis" show the booty Elvis threw
down from his room. Kneeling, from left, Sandra Farias with record, Pat
Blake record and part of tie and Judy Blake with part of tie.
Standing, from left, Linda Snyder with a piece of record cover, Raynette
Raynor with a piece from a gold tie, Viola Kalama with a part of a
record, Bernadette Santos with a handkerchief, Anna McMullin with part
of a record and Francine Carvalho with a piece from a gold tie.

Star-Bulletin Photo courtesy Hawaii State Library

The Honolulu Star-Bulletin announced the line-up and format for Sunday's
shows, albeit on Monday, the day after.

Program for Sunday's Elvis Presley Show

The Elvis Presley show in Honolulu Stadium is divided into two parts, with a 15 minute intermission.
Elvis will appear in the second portion of the show and will sing for
at least half an hour, a spokesman says.

The program:
Opening medley by Ray Tanaka and his 11-piece Honolulu show orchestra.
Introduction by comedian Howard Hardin, of Chicago, who will be master of ceremonies and also do specialty numbers.
Island entertainers to be seen in the first half of the show include Sterling Mossman, known as "the hula cop"; Kaui Barrett, dancer; Phyllis Brooks, singer; Eddie Spencer's Queen's Men, all from the Queen's Surf floor show.
Then the Jordonaires, Capitol recording artists, who are touring with Presley, will sing.
INTERMISSION FOLLOWS
After the intermission, Ray Tanaka’s group will play before Hardin introduces Elvis.
Elvis's selections will vary according to audience reaction. He will sing several of his RCA-Victor record hits.
Accompanying Presley are the Blue Moon Boys, musicians who have been with him since the beginning.
Both shows follow the same general format.
Running time of each show: from 90 to 120 minutes.

For the Hawaiian shows, it was obviously cost
prohibitive to bring the acts that they had been touring with on most of
their stateside performances during the last year and a half. This
time they supplemented the show with local acts. The anchor band
for most of the acts at the Stadium shows was the Ray Tanaka
Orchestra. Ray
Norito Tanaka, a Honolulu native, had been performing since the
forties and over the years would head different bands. The other
acts were regulars at the Queen's Surf.

In the 1950's and 1960's the Queen's Surf restaurant and bar, at 2709
Kalakaua Avenue, overlooking
the beach in front of Kapiolani Park was Waikiki's most popular
nightspot. It was built in 1949 in the former beach home of
multimillionaire Chris Holmes, heir to the Fleischmann's Yeast fortune,
by Spencer and Clifton Weaver, sons of famed architect Fullerton Weaver
who had designed the Waldorf-Astoria in New York. The Tahitian Revue at
the Surf, specialty luau and South Pacific presentations gave it at
times an atmosphere of at three-ring circus. The Barefoot Bar was
upstairs where the footprints of the most prominent locals in the travel
industry were placed on the wall along with their names. It was said to be always packed
with local and Hollywood celebrities and you had to know someone to get
in.11

Sterling Edwin Kilohana Mossman, was a detective with the Honolulu
Police Department by day, and the central character of the Barefoot Bar
by night.Nicknamed "The Hula Cop," Mossman combined impressive singing
talent with hilarious comedy and novelty songs, and surrounded himself
with a sterling group of talented Waikiki entertainers.12 Mossman
paved the way for what would be called the "modern" style of Don Ho, who
started his career at his mother’s bar, Honey’s in Kaneohe, and began to
sit in at the Barefoot Bar when Mossman took breaks.11

The Eddie
Spencer Band included bassist Joe Marshall and singer/guitarist Gabby Pahinui (click
to play "Aloha Sunset Land" by Eddie Spencer). Spencer did all the talking for the group but among musicians,
Gabby Pahinui was known as the most talented practitioner of a guitar
style called "slack key," which in the late 1950s, was still heard
mostly at backyard parties and at family gatherings (click
to play
"Paradise Isle" featuring Gaby Pahinui on Slide Guitar).13 Phyllis Brooks
would at times sing and record with Spencer's band (click
to play "Tahiti Nui" featuring Phyllis Brooks). The hula
dancer listed on the show was 23 year old
Madeline Alexander "Kaui" Barrett, who would later become a cruise
director and give hula classes on the Lurline as well as Royal Viking
Lines and American Hawaiian Cruises.

Tom Moffat and
Ron Jacobs were two of the deejays hired
by Kaiser at KHVH radio broadcasting from the studio on top of the hotel.
Ron said, fellow deejay Tom Moffatt and I pulled a prank that became
"The First Elvis Impersonator." They had the
station's engineer dress
up like Elvis with a black wig and ride around town in a convertible
making frequent stops to phone in their location to the station and then
driving away quickly when fans approached. However, Tom and Ron's
prank created enough of a stir to attract the attention of the Colonel. Fortunately
Elvis and Colonel dug it. We each emceed concerts at Honolulu Stadium.
Ron emceed the matinee show while Tom emceed the evening. Ron
said, a lifelong friendship began with Parker, who became a mentor.
On his many Hawaii trips, Colonel arranged exclusive Elvis promotions
for us.14

Walt Christie of the Honolulu Star Bulletin reviewed the shows the
following day.
Those frenetic fans who "loved" Elvis Presley before seeing him in person yesterday are even more ardent
today.
And those who werent "sent" before still aren't.
About 15,000 Honolulans spent $32,000 yesterday to see for themselves just what sort of entertainer
sparks the Presley cult.
Response, it must be chronicled, was maxed.
On the plus side of the ledger is the fact that the hula-hipped, crazy-legged Elvis is a versatile singer.15

He's America's top money entertainer and, more significantly, tradesters predict he'll be around for several
years to come. Once his fanatical folIlowing abates, Presley can emerge as a mighty competent "straight" singer.
On the negative side is the fact that Americas two-legged answer to the Sputnik violates every rule in the book when it comes to showmanship. Right now—obviously—that doesn't matter.
lt there ever were a "pre·sold" attraction, Elvis is it. He could do no wrong as far as last nights shrieking,
beat-clapping enthusiasts were concerned.15

He scratched his ear--and squeals of joy echoed through the uninhabited audience that jam-packed the makai side of Honolulu Stadium.
He shrugged a shoulder of his sparkling metallic-threaded jacket—and the
girls literally bounced up and down in their seats.
The king can do no wrong. And Elvis, make no mistake, IS the king of the teen-agers who—the same teenagers who snap up each of his recordings by the millions and who sacrifice lunch money so they can buy a ticket to see him.
Elvis, it appears, enjoys this mass hero worship. Indeed there are times when you wonder how he can keep a straight face as he watches his audience.15

Presley had ’em rockin' if not always rollin' to the tempos of many of his best-known songs. Matter of fact,
he was on stage for about 40 minutes, accompanied by his own trio and the Jordanaires quartet.
Surprisingly, he spent more time at the piano than he did with his guitar.
His routine is paced effectively, gradually mounting in tempo to a climax that sees him jumping offstage
and toward the front rows of the audience, then making a hasty retreat to a waiting auto.15

The audience's mass emotion wasn't dampened in the least by two flurries of rain, a whirl of dust, the poor
lighting of the on-field stage, and mediocre public-address facilities.
It would be a mistake to generalize about audience reaction. The king is all things to all people.
It's not only teenagers who were "oohing" and bouncing and shrieking to his beat and loose-legged gyrations. Many of the teenagers' mothers were, too. And a 7-or-8-year-old girl sitting near this writer was equally responsive.15

The male audience, for the most part, was far more reserved or, at least, stoic.
In some eases, it was bored. That, in the long run, may be Presley's biggest handicap.
Right now, without going into social significance or sex appeal or personal magnetism, he‘s strictly for the girls.
If you’re still wondering about his bewildering effects upon the bewildered parents and their bewildering
offspring, you can see him in action tonight at Schofield
Barracks. Of one thing you can be sure. It‘ll be the most memorable
thing that’s happened at Schofield since December 7, 1941.15

MOTHER LAUGHS OFF STABBING AFTER ELVIS SHOW
A 40-year-old Kaneohe mother of two is in Queen's Hospital today after
her husband stabbed her Saturday night when she kidded him about going
to Honolulu to welcome singer Elvis Presley.
Asked if she wanted to press charges against her 50-year-old husband,
the woman laughed and said, "It was just a family argument,"
police said. 15

Bob Kraus reviewed the Stadium shows the following day in The Honolulu
Advertiser.
Elvis Presley left Honolulu teenagers all shock up yesterday after two rock 'n roll concerts at Honolulu stadium.
Thousands of kids nearly went out of their minds screaming at the loose-jointed antics of their singing idol as he wiggled and wobbled
and clowned his way through an hour-long performance.
His two performances drew 14,963 spectators, evenly divided, between the two shows. who paid $32,000. Elvis is reported to get more than half of it.16

Primed by an opening half program of Juggling, hula sword dancing and jive, the teenage audience (mostly girls) set up a shrill, continuous scream an Elvis romped on the open air stage dressed in a gold lame jacket trimmed in silver, a black shirt, black slacks and black loafers.
He stood still for a moment, then threw an experimental wobble at his fans. As if he had pushed a button, the audience erupted with screams.
From then on the concert resembled some kind of primitive religious ceremony with the audience gradually working itself into a greater and greater frenzy.16

One girl behind me kept screaming with shrill intensity of hysteria. Between screams she gasp, "Oh, Elvis, you're killing me. I can’t stand it, I can't stand it."
It is difficult to judge Presley's performance as a singer on the basis of yesterday afternoon’s concert. The screams drowned out his voice a great portion of the time.
This apparently didn't bother his teenage fans, who seemed to recognize each melody from the opening word. "Don't Be Cruel" and "Hound Dog" drew the maximum decibels
of admiration.16

Ooddly enough, there was very little clapping after each number.
But Presley had only to say, "thank you very much." and the audience would scream. He'd scratch his nose; another scream. He'd laugh; another scream. At times, the singer seemed to deliberately push the button by dropping his arm or wiggling his shoulder, just to hear his fans react. Then he'd laugh, it seemed to me, partly at himself and partly at the audience.16

FOR ALL of his inept clowning on the stage, the singer is obviously an expert at teasing the greatest possible hysteria from his teenage worshippers.
The best example was his closing number. "You Ain't Nothin' But a Hound Dog," which brought the audience to its feet from the
opening note.
Presley threw his hips around. wobbled his knees, flopped his shoulders and shook all over until the girls in the stands were hopping up and down with excitement.16

Then, for the first time, he sat down on the edge of the stage. Teenagers began pressing forward to see better and the police (I counted 30 inside the stadium) nervously closed ranks.
Finally, he hopped dawn upon the grass in front of the stage. The crowd nearly went crazy. Girls climbed up to stand on the sides of the box I was sitting in. Others were standing
precariously on chairs.

Meanwhile. Presley was rolling on the grass moaning out the words of "Hound Dog." He kissed a girl across the barricade set up to keep the audience away from the stage, grabbed a coconut hat and paraded with it on his head.16

WAVE AFTER WAVE OF screams rolled across; the stadium as he finished the song. Then, he turned, stepped into a waiting car and sped out of sight before most of the excited teenagers knew he was gone.
Often criticized for lewdness in connection with his hip swinging gyrations, Presley, in my opinion, was not objectionable at the stadium. He was loose but he wasn't lewd.
Tonight, Presley will give a final show at Schofield
Barracks.16

In between Sunday's performances at the stadium, Elvis returned to the
Hawaiian Village Hotel for a press conference.

Elvis Is 'The Most"
Says New Presley Fan
By LYNN CLAUSEN
Teen-agers say Elvis is the most, to say the least. But would the
singing sensation of the rock·and·roll crowd "send" a girl his own age?
"Heavens, no," thought I, and I sallied forth to meet Mr. Presley with
tongue in cheek and a closed mind.
I went, I saw—and I was impressed. Elvis is really charming. To begin
with, he's good looking, much more so than his pictures-tall, broad-shouldered, and slim-hipped. with deep-set dark blue eyes fringed
with long lashes.
HIS CLOTHES weren‘t loud, as I had rather uncharitably expected; for an
informal press reception at the Hawaiian Village he chose a gray sport
jacket and light
beige slacks, a black, open necked shirt, and well polished black
loafers, with black socks.
Loud colors he loves for cars, but "I like dark clothes, honey."
He has a slow, almost hesitant smile, which matches his way of speaking.
And he has a rather appealing trick of giving you a side-long,
questioning glance before he answers you.
At all times, he's tactful, hurting no one and stepping on no one's
toes. He thinks the Islands are wonderful, Hawaii's girls beautiful, the
Hawaiian people "so friendly," and his Hawaiian fans "so well behaved
and kind."
I ASKED the handsome young eligible what he was looking for in a wife—"A
female, honey." No, he has nothing special or specific in mind, he'll
"just know when his love comes along."
When I asked for his autograph, he obliged quickly and graciously, even
inscribing my name at the top. And before I could thank him, he thanked
me for asking.
He's really just a very nice boy, this soft-spoken, good looking idol of
the younger set. In fact, minus pompadour and side burns, he's something
even a young lady his own age wouldn't mind "taking home to mother."

Elvis was 15 minutes late for his press conference at the Hawaiian
Village, which gave me time to chat with a young lady who had arrived an
hour early to assure herself of a front row seat.
"I'm Barbara Wong, president of the Kaneohe Elvis Presley Fan Club,"
said the pony-tailed teen-ager, adjusting a 63 foot lei and a pair of
binoculars. She was wearing a pink dress appliquéd with profiles of
Elvis in black. "Pink and black, his favorite
colors" she sighed. "I made it myself when 'Love Me Tender' came out.
I've written him a letter every week for two years. He answered one. I
haven't had a wink of sleep for four days." She turned a pair of glazed
eyes on me in proof of her sleepless devotion.

Just what do you see in Elvis? I asked.
"OHHHH," she moaned. "His dreamy looks. His voice. His southern accent.
He's just a livin' MAN?"

With that, the livin' man strode into the room and the president of the
Kaneohe Elvis Presley Fan Club threw herself on him like a meringue pie.
The members of the press shifted uneasily as Elvis, powerless as Laocoon
in the coils of Miss Wong and her 63-foot lei, attempted to extricate
himself. Finally he lifted her bodily and carried her to her front row
seat.17

"Any questions?", he asked. He's strapping boy with the soft profile of
a melted Greek coin. He sat on the edge of a desk and swung his legs
restlessly.
"Yes, Elvis," gasped Miss Wong, oblivious to the rest of us "Did you get
my letters, and the teddy bear?"
"I GOT THE TEDDY bear," said Elvis gently. "I want to say my reception
in Hawaii was one of the most well-behaved of my career," he continued
for all to hear. "I've been on stage long enough to tell if an audience
has manners, and today I could
have safely leapt off the stage into the midst of them."
"If only you had, Elvis," whispered Miss Wong.
"What are your vital statistics?" called a voice.
"Six feet tall, I reckon, and 180 pounds."
"Do you exercise when you're not singing?"
"No. That's enough."
"What are your favorite colors?"
"DEPENDS ON WHAT IT IS. Cars I like in loud colors, clothes in dark
colors."
"How often do you have a haircut?"
"Not often, and when I do, it doesn't look like a haircut."
"What's the first thing you'll look for in a wife?"
"Female."
"How about her southern cooking?"
"I don't like fried chicken. I like pineapples and coconut." `
"What's your ancestry?"
"Irish, I reckon. And some Eyetalian. Never gave it a thought."
"Has success affected your life?"
"Of course. I never realized anything like this was possible, that I'd
ever be in Hawaii—or Las Vegas, or Hollywood. It`s quite a change to
jump into this stuff. If you’re not careful, you'll crack up." 17

"Is it true you're asking $100,000 for a TV appearance?"
"I'LL HAVE TO ASK my manager," said Elvis, turning to his manager. His
manager nodded. "Colonel Parker brought out the fact that why be on TV
and let 60 million people see me free when we charge the movie makers so
they can charge the audience to see me. Understand? I don't."
"Did you invent rock 'n roll'?"
"I explored it. It existed long before I did. It was called rhythm and
blues. I just tried a new interpretation."
"Do you feel an obligation to your public?"
"I do feel an obligation. I'm very careful not to do anything that would
disappoint my fans. I behave myself. People have preconceived ideas
about me. It's natural. I've often said "I won't like that person," and
then found out he's a nice guy." 17

"WHATS YOUR REACTION TO those older people who don't like you?" This was
from Miss Wong again.
"Honey, I can't please everybody. Maybe they're Pat Boone fans."
At this point
Kini Popo presented Elvis with a scroll from fans on the neighbor
Islands. The list of signatures was six feet long.
"With whom would you like most to be cast ashore on an island?" piped up
a voice from the rear.
"Any one of these girls around here would do," said Elvis. "Any more
questions'!"
"One more," pleaded Miss Wong. "What is your reaction to this paragraph
from a fan magazine: ‘Elvis takes his date home and drives to a secluded
spot',"—there was a tremor in Miss Wong's voice-" where he gives her the
love-me-tender kind of
kiss a girl won't fight . . .' " 17

"That's enough." broke in Elvis's manager. "Will the radio people now
come forward to record their questions."
UNDAUNTED. Miss Wong pressed forward with the radio people. She was
unfastening a chain around her throat. "I've been wearing this necklace
all week," she confided, winding her arms- around Elvis's neck as she
fumbled with the clasp behind his head. "I want you to have it, Elvis.
It's my lucky ivory fang." 17

Following the press conference, Elvis penned a short note to Antoinette
Mendonca, age nine. She had been a patient at the Mahluhia Hospital
since an operation the previous August to relieve pressure from a brain
tumor. For the first time in months, Antoinette grinned and she tried to
talk after seeing the note that read, in part, "Please get well, honey.
I'll be thinking of you."10

The two concerts at the Honolulu Stadium attracted nearly 15,000 fans,
bringing in more than $32,000 to the promoters. The next day they
performed for 10,000 civilians and military personnel from
Schofield
Barracks Army Base near Pearl Harbor. Scotty was happy to be
back onstage again with Elvis and company, but with Elvis facing the
draft, questions about their future lingered.9

In 1958 Kaiser added the second of several more towers to the Hawaiian
Village hotel complex. Starting in 1959 they also rented pink Jeep surreys to
tourists, not surprising since Kaiser Industries owned Willys-Overland,
the company that made the jeeps. (Do they look familiar?)
Ron Jacobs said, Pink was Kaiser's color. Everything was pink, from
his many Mercedes to the stationary and paycheck. In 1961 Kaiser sold the Hawaiian Village Hotel to
Hilton. The
original Ocean Tower was renovated in 1982 to become the present day Alii Tower.

In
March of 1959, Congress passed legislation allowing Hawaii Statehood and
on August 21st of that year President Eisenhower officially declared
Hawaii the 50th
State in the Union. More than 25,000 filled the field and
bleachers in Honolulu Stadium in celebration. The photos with the stage
should give some perspective of the view of fans sitting in the
bleachers for Elvis' shows.

An altered photo of the Matsonia used for a new postcard
of the Lurline

By the early 1960s air travel was becoming more reliable and popular and
as tourism increased, passenger service by ship decreased. The Matsonia
was put in dry dock in 1962
but brought back to service
when its sister ship, the S.S. Lurline, was damaged in 1963.
Re-christened Lurline by Mrs. Harry Statts, December 6, 1963,
it cruised the Pacific Ocean under this name from 1963 until 1970.5

At the peak of its popularity, the Queen’s Surf became the subject of a feud
between the Weavers and Mayor Frank Fast. Fast, a powerful and
opinionated mayor, was never fully attuned to tourism. He also had
personal differences with Weaver and decided that the “Surf' should be
eliminated and the property converted into beachfront for the public.
19 It was shut down on December 31, 1969 and nearly
700 people tried to crowd into to the club to say goodbye. The mayor's
decision was appealed and then upheld by the Hawaii State Supreme Court,
which terminated the nightclub's lease as of May 31, 1970. The building was torn down
in 1971.20

People were still lining up for tickets in 1975Photo courtesy Honolulu Star-Bulletin

Honolulu Stadium would also sport professional football, with the Hawaiian
Warriors, and minor league professional baseball with the Hawaiian
Islanders for more than 10 years.21
In its day it also saw prizefights, rodeos, spiritual crusades and hula
festivals and the list of professional athletes and other celebrities
that appeared or competed there include Irving Berlin, Billy Graham,
Knute Rockne,
Jesse Owens, Joe
DiMaggio and
Bobo Olson.

Plagued by termites, the wooden Honolulu Stadium was nicknamed the
Termite Palace by the sports media. In 1975, the 50,000 seat
Aloha
Stadium was built west of downtown Honolulu in Halawa, as a replacement
for Honolulu Stadium and the following year, in 1976, Honolulu Stadium
was demolished. Just before it was demolished, insect researchers were
given permission to conduct termite lab experiments there.21

In May 1970, the SS Matsonia was sold and became the
successful Chandris passenger liner RHMS Britanis, then sold again in
1998, to become the ill-fated Belofin. On
October 21, 2000 while being towed to be broken up, the ship took on
water and sunk about 50 miles off Cape Town, South Africa.22