There is some debate about when and why the book was written. According to many scholars, it was originally a part of the Book of Judges, but it was later separated from that book and made into an independent book. It is, in fact, the shortest book in the Jewish Tanach, the Minor Prophets being considered a single book. Furthermore, the language and description seem to make the authorship contemporary with that of Judges. On the other hand, the message of the book, which shows acceptance of marriages with Gentiles, has been used to suggest that the book was written during the early days of the Persian period. At that time, Ezra condemned intermarriages and, according to his eponymous book, forced the Israelites to abandon their Gentile wives. According to this theory, the book was written in response to Ezra's reform and in defense of these marriages.