This is important because today half the scientists believe in one speed but the astronomers all believe in the faster speed that Cahill assumes.

The speed of light is 3x108 meters per second.

The problem with a 3x108 meters per second gravitational speed is that it is far too slow for astronomers because they all know that with this slow speed of gravity, our universe can't be stable.

Tom Van Flandern, cited by Cahill, showed that since gravity had no aberration and light did, then the speed of gravity had to be much, much faster than the speed of light and almost an instantaneous velocity. This was Newton's assumption as well.

In my e-mails to Tom Van Flandern, before he died, he agreed that a gravitational velocity of 9x1016 meters per second was an acceptable velocity as far as the astronomical group was concerned because at this velocity the universe would indeed be stable and this speed would also give gravity no aberration.

Tom Van Flandern did not like the term c2 at all saying, "You cannot square a speed!"

But nevertheless a speed of 9x1016 meters per second would appear to us as c2 or the

speed of light (3x108 meters per second) squared.

A speed of gravity, astronomers can live with, therefore, is 9x1016 meters per second.

A velocity of 9x1016 meters per second is an almost instantaneous velocity that is well within the parameters of what the astronomical section of Van Flandern's Yale University; most other astronomical departments in other universities and

Cahill assumes the surroundings, in the background, are affecting our gravity. This too is absolutely correct. This is Mach's principle. But the problem with using this background data is that until you understand exactly why these spiral galaxy arms are exceeding their escape velocity then you must not depend on the accuracy of this background data because there is simply more happening there that you are still not aware of at this present time.

Even though T. D. Martin gave Reginald T. Cahill a failing grade, I'm giving his efforts a Shakespeare era rating of "passing fair" because Cahill's thinking is far ahead of the affenstahl group that dictates our present science beliefs: He is indeed correct on these two important points that I've pointed out herein.