Nashville, Tennessee — C. Payne Lucas, president-emeritus of Africare, currently serves as
senior advisor to AllAfrica Global Media and the AllAfrica Foundation. The
article is the prepared text of an address he delivered on July 9, 2005 to
the Association of Nigerian Physicians in the Americas Annual Convention in
Nashville, Tennessee.

Perhaps you feel that as Nigerians, and as physicians, you are well
aware of the HIV/Aids pandemic and do not need to be so constantly
reminded. But as Nigerians and as physicians you do need to be reminded,
because without your dedication - without the dedication of people who know
and who understand the gravity and pervasiveness of HIV/Aids - we will not
be able to overcome this tremendous burden. Then again, you are here today,
eager to hear and eager to learn the latest research and efforts, and by
being here today you have already demonstrated your interest, which is the
first step in winning the war on HIV/Aids. As I am sure you know, the war
against HIV/Aids is one that we cannot afford to lose. I am here to let you
know that we must, and we can, curb the spread of HIV/Aids in Nigeria and
throughout Africa.

I am sure the widespread and devastating consequences of HIV/Aids are
not alien to you. I am guessing that many of you in this room have seen
firsthand the effects of HIV/Aids on a patient, a family, a community, or a
society. Some of you may have relatives, or old friends, who have been
impacted in some way. Maybe your sister has adopted an Aids orphan, or your
cousin is caring for a neighbor infected with HIV, or your friend's brother
is infected; but, in some way, HIV/Aids has touched each and every one of
us.

I include myself because the HIV/Aids crisis has affected me deeply. I
have dedicated my life to improving life in Africa, first through the Peace
Corps, and later through the NGO Africare, which I co-founded in the
1970s. For nearly 40 years I worked to improve access to healthcare and
clean water, to empower communities and women, to ensure education, to
preserve natural resources, to increase agricultural production, and to
improve overall well-being throughout Africa. When I retired three years
ago, I thought I had left a legacy of hope and positive change.

Yet, I found myself unable to ignore the downpour of dire information
surfacing about the HIV/Aids pandemic. It seems that every day we hear more
and more about HIV/Aids and its devastating impacts across globe; and
rightly so, because this crisis demands our constant attention. At the end
of 2004, almost 40 million people were estimated to be living with HIV,
including almost 5 million people newly infected in 2004. More than 3
million people died of HIV/Aids in 2004 alone. As you heard from Dr Ekadi,
these infections and deaths are having growing economic and social
implications. The men, women and children infected with HIV/Aids were vital
to their families - as husbands, wives, brothers, sisters, daughters and
sons - but also vital to the community as doctors, teachers, farmers,
miners, police officers, politicians, nurses, and soldiers. They have left
in their wake a growing orphan crisis, teacher shortages, and a multitude of
other devastating consequences, which, left unchecked, will certainly spell
disaster.

Unfortunately, international health experts predict that this is only
the beginning, and the worst is yet to come. Unless, of course, we raise
awareness, we raise money, and we act - in an effective and lasting way. So
I joined the crusade and dedicated the balance of my career to ensuring that
we win the war against HIV/Aids and we do not let this virus undo the great
strides that Africa has made in the past half century.

It was shortly after my initial 'retirement' when I first met Mr Yuichi
Ishimaru, a Japanese executive, who like me, was working in his retirement
to bring an end to the unnecessary suffering disease causes in Africa. Mr
Ishimaru impressed me with his zeal, his dedication, his commitment, his
eagerness, and most importantly, his keen awareness of the barrier that
diseases such as HIV/Aids were having on economic development in Africa, and
in turn, how poverty was perpetuating disease.

Like me, Mr Ishimaru was frustrated with the international response to
HIV/Aids, partly because we did not seem to be doing enough, but also
because our efforts were not having the overwhelming positive impact that we
sought. So when Mr Ishimaru approached me about the Pan African Health
Foundation, we call it PAHF, a not-profit-organization he founded to address
Africa's disease burden AND its economic development with a permanent and
capacity building programs, I was immediately interested and quickly joined
his efforts. While PAHF's programs cannot bring an end to all of Africa's
suffering and disease, they will bring measurable and lasting benefits, and
can serve as a model of success for future initiatives.

You see HIV/Aids is a complex and multifaceted disaster. Medically,
HIV/Aids is frustrating. Unlike many of your other patients, you cannot heal
a patient with HIV/Aids. Indeed, we cannot hope to overcome Aids with one
"magic-bullet." No, but what we can do, what we must do, is to work as an
international community to tackle it from as many angles as possible. As
efforts continue to develop a vaccine, we need education and prevention and
treatment. We need to make anti-retroviral therapies more widely
available. We also need efforts such as poverty reduction that will target
the root causes of disease. And we must do all of this with a deep
understanding of our scarce resources.

For me, this is what is so appealing about the PAHF concept that Mr
Ishimaru developed: it simultaneously addresses many aspects of the HIV/Aids
crisis and other healthcare concerns in Africa. PAHF is building factories
in Africa - to be run on a not-for-profit basis - that will produce
essential medical supplies to prevent and treat Africa's most deadly
infections. And by supplies I mean not only the Auto-Disable syringes that
PAHF will produce in our Port Harcourt factory, but also the jobs that are
essential in breaking the poverty trap, and the technology and
infrastructure needed for Africa to be able to maximize its existing natural
resources and human potential. In short, I am talking about supplies for
life.

You see PAHF's projects are designed on two principles. One, that Africa
has the capacity to address its own challenges, and we must make use of this
capability in order for our efforts to be successful. The second pillar of
PAHF's design is that while Africa may need a little help from the
international community in mobilizing its potential, our efforts must be
geared toward ending this dependency by building self-sustaining
solutions. We cannot continue the current system of donation
dependency.

Let me explain to you how this will work. We are starting with an
Auto-Disable (AD) syringe factory in Port Harcourt. For those of you who may
not know, AD syringes use an automatic mechanical locking device to ensure
that syringes can only be used once. Syringe reuse is such a tragic and
unnecessary contributor to the spread of HIV/Aids, Hepatitis, and other
blood infections. Did you know the World Health Organization estimates that
almost half of all syringes are reused in the developing world? This reuse
causes literally millions of infections of HIV and Hepatitis every
year. Nobody should become infected while seeking medical services!
Infections caused by syringe reuse are transmitting disease to in people
trying to get well, or, even worse, to children getting routine
immunizations. One child infected with HIV/Aids while being immunized is one
too many.

There are many factors leading to syringe reuse and its spread of HIV,
but a major factor is that AD syringes are just not available and affordable
throughout Africa. That is why PAHF's factory will produce more than a 100
million of them, starting in 2007; But not just that year, but every year,
for 10, 15, 20, or even 50 years. Even better, the factory is producing
these life saving supplies on a not-for-profit basis. That means the
syringes will be sold at a price that will cover the cost of their
production and the continual operation of the factory, but will be below the
price charged by profit-seeking manufacturers. We want to make sure everyone
can afford these vital supplies.

But the benefits are even greater. This factory will train and employee
local labor, creating jobs for the community and transferring technical and
operational expertise. The factory will also creating lots of indirect jobs,
by using local contractors for construction, taking advantage of existing
local resources, and buying the bulk of its materials from local
suppliers. And again, not just for one year but for 20 or 50 years: this
project is truly an investment in the future. Once we prove the success of
our model and our concept, we plan to replicate it for other vital medical
supplies throughout Africa. Our plans include an Insecticide Treated
Mosquito Net factory and a condom factory.

We are undertaking our first program - the AD Syringe Factory - in Port
Harcourt, Nigeria. Nigeria is perfect place to show that we can we shift the
aid paradigm for the temporary solution of donating supplies to the
permanent solution of capacity building. Home to more than 130 million
people, Nigeria is the most populous African country, and is standing on the
brink of a major HIV/Aids crisis. While infection rates are still well below
the most highly affected countries - Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe -
they are growing and at an estimated 5-10% of the adult population are
reaching the critical mass for a major epidemic. This is why we must act now
with strategic prevention efforts. You know the saying: an ounce of
prevention with worth a ton of cure. Let us prevent this impending
disaster.

Nigeria is the perfect place to show that it is possible to create
programs that bring lasting prevention to the spread of
HIV/Aids. Differences in political ideology aside, you must admit that
President Olusegun Obasanjo has made great progress in improving Nigeria. He
has shown himself a committed leader with his work in the OAU, NEPAD, the
Commonwealth and others. He has shown himself to be committed to the people
of Nigeria, and to health, economic, and social development throughout
Africa. He is also committed to this project, and to the Pan African Health
Foundation. Last November, when we broke ground on our Auto-Disable syringe
factory, he was there, laying the cornerstone, and he has been one of our
chief supports since the beginning.

Dr Peter Odili, Governor of the Rivers State, has also showed his deep
commitment to the project, ear-marking significant state funding to this
public-private partnership. Amidst many criticisms from the international
community that Nigeria's bureaucracy is cumbersome and corrupt, we have
found at least two leaders who have proved themselves to be vested in the
interests of general well being. While there certainly is corruption in
Nigeria (there is corruption in America too), and we you may say you wish
the leaders were doing more - more to control corruption, more to manage
diversity, more to benefit the people - that is certainly something we could
say of leaders anywhere in the world, and we must take the time to recognize
when good efforts are being made.

After all, we must get out of the blame game and take responsibility for
what is going on around us. As individuals, as community leaders, as
mentors, there is so much more we can do to help.

PAHF already has extensive international support. PAHF's founder, Mr
Ishimaru, has been spreading PAHF's cause throughout Asia; our office in
Washington is working to raise awareness and funds throughout the Americas;
Our London Office is working diligently in Europe. Perhaps most importantly,
our Nigerian offices are overseeing plant construction and working to build
support among Nigerian people and institutions, as well as international
companies working in Nigeria.

We are pleased to count among the contributors to this international
public private partnership the Rivers State Government; the Nigerian Federal
Ministry of Health; the many Oil Companies working in Nigeria; French,
German, Japanese, American, and other companies working in Nigeria; the
Nigerian Medical Association; and private citizens from many countries.

Yet, the Nigerian element to this project is the most important. A
project like this can only be successful with massive participation and
African ownership.

I came here today to remind you of what a dire situation Nigeria is
facing because of the HIV/Aids crisis. But I also came to give you hope and
to show you that there is something we can all do to help. Not just those of
us in the room, but the world as a whole. New solutions like the Pan African
Health Foundation's Auto-Disable syringe factory stand to make such a
positive change. Each of the over 100 million syringes PAHF produces will
ensure over 100 million safe injections, every year. That is up to a 100
million potential infections averted; so many lives saved or bettered.

But, indeed, the factory is so much more. It is a desperately needed
economic catalyst; the transfer of essential technology, job creation, in
short, it is hope. It is also the potential for so many more positive
actions, as our model will be replicated to address other health concerns,
such as Malaria. Help us prove our model is successful and leave a powerful
legacy.

As I said before, you know the problems and the issues. You know the war
against HIV/Aids is one that we cannot afford to loose. You know the
struggles that many African countries continue to face in bringing adequate
healthcare coverage to their population. And you have seen poverty. You also
know however how much potential lies in Africa: in parents making sacrifices
so that their children can go to school, in people ready, willing and able
to work, if only good jobs were available You know that we must realize
this potential for the good of the continent, for the good of the hundreds
of millions of people living in Africa.

In 40 years of development work, I have never come across a single
project I felt was so poised to make such wide sweeping positive changes for
Africans. PAHF's approach is a relatively radical approach when you consider
it, yet, it seems so obvious and leaves you wondering why it was not been
implemented sooner. Why do we continue to donate medical supplies to Africa
when the materials out of which they are made are already in Africa? Let us
put our money and our energy to better causes.

I urge you to join this effort. I hope you beg your friends to join
too. You do not have to be a Physician or a Nigerian to support this worthy
cause, you only have to believe in the people of Africa, and you have to
care about winning the war against HIV/Aids. I believe this is the most
important thing you can do. This small step against HIV/Aids is really no
small step at all when you consider the enormous potential for positive
change.

Some of you have already contributed, and I thank you sincerely for
that. For the rest of you, I hope you will dig deeply into your hearts and
think about what you can do. I promise you will leave no greater legacy than
PAHF's factory, proudly producing AD syringes in Port Harcourt.

So that when I am asked, "Can we win the war on HIV/Aids?" I will be
able to respond, "yes, we can beat it."

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