Glutamate concentrations will be measured with proton magnetic resonance imaging at 3T.

Original Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE

Same as current

Current Other Outcome Measures ICMJE

Not Provided

Original Other Outcome Measures ICMJE

Not Provided

Descriptive Information

Brief Title ICMJE

Cortical Excitability and Inhibition in MDD

Official Title ICMJE

Cortical Excitability and Inhibition in Children and Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to learn if measures of brain activity are different in children and adolescents with depression who are in different stages of treatment. This is important because it may identify a biological marker for depression that could one day be used to identify depressed children who would benefit from certain treatments (medications for example), or to monitor how well treatments are working. Brain activity measures(known as cortical excitability and inhibition) will be collected by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). TMS is a noninvasive (no surgery or implants) brain stimulation technology which can make parts of the brain work without putting any wires or chemicals into the body. Measurements will take place over one 3-hour visit. This study does not provide any form of treatment.

*There is an optional portion of the study that uses a brain scan to gather measures of brain structure and brain chemicals. The brain scan is called magnetic resonance and spectroscopy (MRI/MRS). MRI/MRS uses magnetic fields to study the structure of the brain and brain chemicals. The PI will determine eligibility for the MRI/MRS portion of the study.

Detailed Description

This study is focused on understanding the neurophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and the impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in children and adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study which will utilize single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to collect measures of glutamatergic cortical excitability (the motor threshold and intracortical facilitation), and GABAergic cortical inhibition (the cortical silent period and intracortical inhibition) of the motor cortex in chilren and adolescents in various disease states of MDD. The optional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging scans (MRS/MRI) at 3 Tesla (3T) will examine glutamate concentrations in the motor cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.

This is a biomarker study (MRI/MRS and TMS neurophysiology measures); treatment is not provided in any form. This study will not utilize Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS).

Study Type ICMJE

Observational

Study Design ICMJE

Observational Model: Case ControlTime Perspective: Cross-Sectional

Target Follow-Up Duration

Not Provided

Biospecimen

Not Provided

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

This protocol will plan to screen depressed children and adolescents who are seeking treatment at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. These adolescents will represent gender and minority distribution consistent with the Rochester metro/rural area demographic distribution. This study will be inclusive of all races, genders, and socioeconomic classes.

Condition ICMJE

Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Mild

Depressive Disorder, Major

Intervention ICMJE

Device: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Single and paired-pulse TMS applied to the motor cortex will collect measures of cortical excitability and inhibition.