Endocarditis Management

Infective
endocarditis is a potentially lethal disease that has undergone major changes
in both host and pathogen. The epidemiology of infective endocarditis has
become more complex with today’s myriad healthcare associated factors that
predispose to infection. Moreover, changes in pathogen prevalence, in
particular a more common staphylococcal origin, have affected outcomes, which
have not improved despite medical and surgical advances.

*For information on the timing of future
updates of this guideline, please contact the AHA.

Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infections

Despite improvements in cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) design, application of timely infection control practices, and administration of antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of device placement, CIED infections continue to occur and can be life-threatening.

* For information on the timing of future updates of this guideline, please contact the AHA.

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Endocarditis Prevention

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Published: Circulation
; 2007
; 116
: 1736
-1754

"Prevention of Infective Endocarditis (AHA)" (Endorsed by IDSA)

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon but life-threatening infection. Despite advances in diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, surgical techniques, and management of complications, patients with IE still have high morbidity and mortality rates related to this condition. Since the last American Heart Association (AHA) publication on prevention of IE in 1997, many authorities and societies, as well as the conclusions of published studies, have questioned the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent IE in patients who undergo a dental, gastrointestinal (GI), or genitourinary (GU) tract procedure and have suggested that the AHA guidelines should be revised.

*For information on the timing of future updates of this guideline, please contact the AHA.

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Bacterial Meningitis

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Published: Clinical Infectious Diseases
; 2004
; 39
: 1267
-1284

"Practice Guidelines for the Management of Bacterial Meningitis"

The objective of these practice
guidelines is to provide clinicians with recommendations for the diagnosis and
treatment of bacterial meningitis. Patients with bacterial meningitis are
usually treated by primary care and emergency medicine physicians at the time
of initial presentation, often in consultation with infectious diseases
specialists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. In contrast to many other
infectious diseases, the antimicrobial therapy for bacterial meningitis is not
always based on randomized, prospective, double-blind clinical trials, but
rather on data initially obtained from experimental animal models of
infections. Link
to full text guideline

*This guideline has been split into two
separate guidelines. The nosocomial guideline is under development. For
recommendations on community acquired, please see the original guideline in 2004.

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Encephalitis

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Published: Clinical Infectious Diseases
; 2008
; 47
: 303
-327

"The Management of Encephalitis: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America"

Encephalitis is
defined by the presence of an inflammatory process of the brain in association
with clinical evidence of neurologic dysfunction. Of the pathogens reported to
cause encephalitis, the majority are viruses. However, despite extensive
testing, the etiology of encephalitis remains unknown in most patients. Another
major challenge for patients with encephalitis is to determine the relevance of
an infectious agent identified outside of the CNS; these agents may play a role
in the neurologic manifestations of illness but not necessarily by directly
invading the CNS. Link
to full text guideline

*Every 12 to 18 months
following publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to determine whether an
update is required. This guideline was last reviewed and deemed current as of
07/2011.

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Nervous System Lyme Disease

Lyme disease is a multisystem infectious
disease caused by the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which
frequently affects the nervous system. Published guidelines are available to
assist in the diagnosis of nervous system Lyme disease, and for treatment of
Lyme disease in general. However, there continues to be considerable controversy
and uncertainty about the best approach to treatment of neuroborreliosis.

*For information on the timing of future updates to this guideline,
contact the AAN.

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Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis and Meningitis

""

Sepsis and Septic Shock

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Published: Critical Care Medicine
; 2013
; 41
: 580
-637

"2012 International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock" (Endorsed by IDSA)

These clinical practice
guidelines are a revision of the 2008 SSC guidelines for the Management of
Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. The recommendations in this document are
intended to provide guidance for the clinician caring for a patient with severe
sepsis or septic shock. Recommendations from these guidelines cannot replace the
clinician’s decision-making capability when he or she is presented with a
patient’s unique set of clinical variables. Most of these recommendations are
appropriate for the severe sepsis patient in the ICU and non-ICU settings.

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Clostridium difficile

"Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults: 2010 Update by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)"

This guideline is designed to improve
the diagnosis and management of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI)
in adult patients. A case of CDI is defined by the presence of symptoms
(usually diarrhea) and either a stool test positive for C. difficile
toxins or toxigenic C. difficile, or colonoscopic or histopathologic
findings revealing pseudomembranous colitis. In addition to diagnosis and
management, recommended methods of infection control and environmental
management of the pathogen are presented. The recommendations are based on the
best available evidence and practices, as determined by a joint Expert Panel
appointed by SHEA and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) (the
SHEA-IDSA Expert Panel). The use of these guidelines can be impacted by the
size of the institution and the resources, both financial and laboratory,
available in the particular clinical setting. Link to full
text guideline

*Projected
publication, Spring 2017

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Diarrhea

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Published: Clinical Infectious Diseases
; 2001
; 32
: 331
-350

"Practice Guidelines for the Management of Infectious Diarrhea"

The widening array of recognized enteric pathogens and the
increasing demand for cost-containment sharpen the need for careful clinical and
public health guidelines based on the best evidence currently available.
Adequate fluid and electrolyte replacement and maintenance are key to managing
diarrheal illnesses. Thorough clinical and epidemiological evaluation must
define the severity and type of illness, exposures, and whether the patient is
immunocompromised, in order to direct the performance of selective diagnostic
cultures, toxin testing, parasite studies, and the administration of
antimicrobial therapy. Link to full text
guideline

*Projected Publication, Fall 2016

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Hepatitis B

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Published: HEPATOLOGY
; 2009
; 50
: 1
-36

"Chronic Hepatitis B (AASLD)" (Endorsed by IDSA)

These guidelines have been written to assist physicians and other health care providers in the recognition, diagnosis, and management of patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). These recommendations provide a data-supported approach to patients with hepatitis B. Link to full text guideline

*For information on the timing of future updates of this guideline, contact the AASLD.

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HCV Guidance

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Published: Ongoing

"Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C"

New
direct-acting oral agents capable of curing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection
have been approved for use in the United States. The initial direct-acting
agents were approved in 2011, and many more oral drugs are expected to be
approved in the next few years. As new information is presented at scientific
conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals, health care practitioners
have expressed a need for a credible source of unbiased guidance on how best to
treat their patients with HCV infection. Link
to full website

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Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

"Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Adults"

The purpose of this guideline is to provide recommendations for
diagnosis and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria in adult populations >18
years of age. The recommendations were developed on the basis of a review of
published evidence, with the strength of the recommendation and quality of the
evidence graded using previously described Infectious Diseases Society of
America (IDSA) criteria. Link to full text
guideline

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Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

"Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America"

Guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and management of persons with catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CA‐UTI), both symptomatic and asymptomatic, were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The evidence‐based guidelines encompass diagnostic criteria, strategies to reduce the risk of CA‐UTIs, strategies that have not been found to reduce the incidence of urinary infections, and management strategies for patients with catheter‐associated asymptomatic bacteriuria or symptomatic urinary tract infection. Link to full text
guideline

*Every 12 to 18 months following
publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to determine whether an update is
required. This guideline was last reviewed and deemed current as of
07/2013.

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Uncomplicated Cystitis and Pyelonephritis (UTI)

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Published: Clinical Infectious Diseases
; 2011
; 52
: e103
-e120

"Guidelines for Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Pyelonephritis in Women"

Panel of International Experts was convened by the Infectious
Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in collaboration with the European Society
for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) to update the 1999
Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection Guidelines by the IDSA. Co-sponsoring
organizations include the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists,
American Urological Association, Association of Medical Microbiology and
Infectious Diseases–Canada, and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.
The focus of this work is treatment of women with acute uncomplicated cystitis
and pyelonephritis, diagnoses limited in these guidelines to premenopausal,
non-pregnant women with no known urological abnormalities or co-morbidities. Link
to full text guideline

*Every 12 to 18 months
following publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to determine whether an
update is required. This guideline was last reviewed and deemed current as of
07/2013.

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Intra-abdominal Infections

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Published: Clinical Infectious Diseases
; 2010
; 501
: 133
-164

"Guidelines for the Selection of Anti-infective Agents for Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections"

Evidence‐based guidelines for managing patients with
intra‐abdominal infection were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Surgical
Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. These updated
guidelines replace those previously published in 2002 and 2003. The guidelines
are intended for treating patients who either have these infections or may be
at risk for them. New information, based on publications from the period
2003–2008, is incorporated into this guideline document. The panel has also
added recommendations for managing intra‐abdominal infection in children,
particularly where such management differs from that of adults; for
appendicitis in patients of all ages; and for necrotizing enterocolitis in
neonates. Link
to full text guideline

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

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Published: Clinical Infectious Diseases
; 2007
; 44
: S27
-S72

"Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: Guidelines for Management"

Improving the care of adult
patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) has been the focus of many
different organizations, and several have developed guidelines for management
of CAP. Two of the most widely referenced are those of the Infectious
Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS).
In response to confusion regarding differences between their respective
guidelines, the IDSA and the ATS convened a joint committee to develop a
unified CAP guideline document. Link
to full text guideline

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Hospital-Acquired & Ventilator - Associated Pneumonia (HAP/VAP)

"Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society"

These guidelines
are intended for use by healthcare professionals who care for patients at risk
for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP),
including specialists in infectious diseases, pulmonary diseases, critical care,
and surgeons, anesthesiologists, hospitalists, and any clinicians and healthcare
providers caring for hospitalized patients with nosocomial pneumonia. The
panel's recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of HAP and VAP are based
upon evidence derived from topic-specific systematic literature reviews. Link to full text

*Every 12 to 18 months following publication, IDSA reviews its
guidelines to determine whether an update is required. The guideline was
published July of 2016 and is the most current version.

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Rhinosinusitis

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Published: Clinical Infectious Diseases
; 2012
;
: e1
-e41

"IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Children and Adults"

This guideline addresses several
issues in the management of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS), including
(1) inability of existing clinical criteria to accurately differentiate
bacterial from viral acute rhinosinusitis, leading to excessive and
inappropriate antimicrobial therapy; (2) gaps in knowledge and quality
evidence regarding empiric antimicrobial therapy for ABRS due to imprecise
patient selection criteria; (3) changing prevalence and antimicrobial
susceptibility profiles of bacterial isolates associated with ABRS; and (4)
impact of the use of conjugated vaccines for Streptococcus pneumoniae on the
emergence of nonvaccine serotypes associated with ABRS. Link to full text guideline

*Every 12 to 18
months following publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to determine
whether an update is required. This guideline was last reviewed and deemed
current as of 05/2015.

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Streptococcal Pharyngitis

"Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: 2012 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America"

The guideline is intended
for use by healthcare providers who care for adult and pediatric patients with
group A streptococcal pharyngitis. The guideline updates the 2002 Infectious
Diseases Society of America guideline and discusses diagnosis and management,
and recommendations are provided regarding antibiotic choices and dosing. Link
to full text guideline

*Every 12 to 18 months following publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to determine whether an update is required. This guideline was last reviewed and deemed current as of 05/2015.

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Infants and Children

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Published: Clinical Infectious Diseases
; 2011
; xx
: e1
-e52

"The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older Than 3 Months of Age: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America"

Evidenced-based
guidelines for management of infants and children with community-acquired
pneumonia (CAP) were prepared by an expert panel comprising clinicians and
investigators representing community pediatrics, public health, and the
pediatric specialties of critical care, emergency medicine, hospital medicine,
infectious diseases, pulmonology, and surgery. These guidelines are intended
for use by primary care and subspecialty providers responsible for the
management of otherwise healthy infants and children with CAP in both
outpatient and inpatient settings. Link
to full text guideline

*Every 12 to
18 months following publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to determine
whether an update is required. This guideline was last reviewed and
deemed current as of 04/2013.

These guidelines are intended for use by
infectious disease specialists, orthopedists, and other healthcare
professionals who care for patients with prosthetic joint infection (PJI).
They include evidence-based and opinion-based recommendations for the
diagnosis and management of patients with PJI treated with debridement and
retention of the prosthesis, resection arthroplasty with or without subsequent
staged reimplantation, 1-stage reimplantation, and amputation. Link
to full text guideline

*Every 12 to 18 months following
publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to determine whether an update is
required. This guideline was published in January of 2013 and is the most
current version.

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Vertebral Osteomyelitis

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Published: Clinical Infectious Diseases
; 2015
; 61
: 1
-21

"Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Native Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Adults"

*These guidelines are intended for use
by infectious disease specialists, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons,
radiologists, and other healthcare professionals who care for patients with
native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVO). They include evidence and opinion-based
recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with NVO treated
with antimicrobial therapy, with or without surgical intervention. Link
to full text guideline

*Every
12 to 18 months following publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to
determine whether an update is required. This guideline was published
in August of 2015 and is the most current version.

"Diagnosis and Management of Bone and Joint Infections in Children"

Diabetic Foot Infections

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Published: Clinical Infectious Diseases
; 2012
; 54
: e132
-e173

"Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections"

Foot infections are a common and
serious problem in persons with diabetes. Diabeticfootinfections (DFIs) typically begin in a
wound, most often a neuropathic
ulceration. While all wounds are colonized with microorganisms, the presence
of infection is defined by ≥2 classic
findings of inflammation or
purulence. Infections are then
classified into mild (superficial and
limited in size and depth), moderate
(deeper or more extensive), or severe (accompanied by systemic signs or
metabolic perturbations). This classification system, along with a vascular
assessment, helps determine which patients should be hospitalized, which may
require special imaging procedures or surgical interventions, and
which will require amputation. Link
to full text guideline

*Every 12 to 18 months
following publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to determine whether an
update is required. This guideline was published in June of 2012 and is
the most current version.

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Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

"Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America"

The focus of this guideline is the diagnosis and appropriate treatment of diverse SSTIs ranging from minor superficial infections to life-threatening infections such as necrotizing fasciitis. In addition, because of an increasing number of immunocompromised hosts worldwide, the guideline addresses the wide array of SSTIs that occur in this population. These guidelines emphasize the importance of clinical skills in promptly diagnosing SSTIs, identifying the pathogen, and administering effective treatments in a timely fashion.Link to full text guideline

*Every 12 to 18 months following publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to determine whether an update is required. This guideline was published in June of 2014 and is the most current version.

Evidence-based guidelines for the
management of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infections were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious
Diseases Society of America (IDSA). The guidelines are intended for use by
health care providers who care for adult and pediatric patients with MRSA
infections. The guidelines discuss the management of a variety of clinical
syndromes associated with MRSA disease, including skin and soft tissue
infections (SSTI), bacteremia and endocarditis, pneumonia, bone and joint
infections, and central nervous system (CNS) infections. Recommendations are
provided regarding vancomycin dosing and monitoring, management of infections
due to MRSA strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, and vancomycin
treatment failures. Link
to full text guideline

*Every 12 to 18 months
following publication, IDSA reviews its guidelines to determine whether an
update is required. This guideline was last reviewed and deemed
current as of 12/2012.