The soil used in the previous study was analyzed for sodicity (sodium problems) both by the measurement of the Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) and by the Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP). The results are:

Treatment

SAR

ESP

OPEN ALL® 1 gallon/1,000 sq. ft.

2.4

4.2

OPEN ALL® 1 gallon/5 ft. by 5 ft.

1.6

3.1

Water

2.1

5.7

Untreated Soil

5.8

13.2

All treatment are statistically better that the untreated soil for both SAR and ESP (probability or error factor less than 0.001).

In addition, for the SAR values, OPEN ALL® at the rate of 1 gallon per 5-foot by 5-foot area is statistically better than water alone (probability of error factor 0.023) and statistically better than the higher rate of OPEN ALL® at the rate of 1 gallon per 1,000 square feet (probability of error factor 0.001).

For the ESP values, OPEN ALL® at the rate of 1 gallon per 5-foot by 5-foot area is statistically better than water alone (probability of error factor 0.016)

The statistical evaluations were performed with Systat version 5.0. The acceptable value of error for statistically valid data is 0.05. This means that on the average in 5% of the studies, there is no actual difference and that the apparent differences is actually caused by random fluctuations. Thus the level of 0.01 is better and 0.001 is the best.

The second study performed was the measurement of the availability of the nutrients. The procedure used is that of Soltanpour and Workman, Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Volume 10, pages 1411-1420 published in 1979. OPEN ALL® at the rate of 1 gallon per 1,000 square feet was compared to soil treated with water leaching and to untreated soil. Twenty eight elements were measured. A summary of the major differences of OPEN ALL® as compared to the other treatments are these:

Compared to Water

Compared to Untreated Soil

Phosphorus

increased 28%

increased 31%

Iron

increased 18%

increased 6%

Zinc

increased 3%

increased 13%

Boron

decreased 27%

decreased 25%

Sodium

decreased 53%

decreased 80%

The only statistically valid changes are the boron and sodium. OPEN ALL® was statistically valid in reducing boron:
probability of error factor 0.013 in comparison to water
probability of error factor 0.007 in comparison to untreated soil

For sodium:
probability of error factor 0.002 in comparison to water
probability of error factor 0.001 in comparison to untreated soil