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Correlating the Late Mesoproterozoic Unkar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona with the upper Rocky Cape Group, western Tasmania: a sedimentary record of a southwest Laurentia-East Antarctica connection in Rodinia

Abstract

A major challenge facing paleogeographic reconstructions of the Late Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia is
identifying the extension of the Grenville orogen in continents formerly adjacent to western Laurentia (Proterozoic
North America). Many paleogeographic reconstructions of Rodinia link exposures of the Grenville orogen in
southern Laurentia to Late Mesoproterozoic orogens in central Australia or in the Transantarctic Mountains of East
Antarctica. The Grenville Orogeny in southern Laurentia was accompanied by regionally extensive sedimentation
in the interior of the continent, represented by a series of Late Mesoproterozoic basins throughout southwest
Laurentia. The Late Mesoproterozoic basin system of southwest Laurentia is truncated by the Neoproterozoic
rifted margin of western Laurentia produced during the breakup of Rodinia. Remnants of this basin system could
be exposed on continents formerly adjacent to western Laurentia and may therefore be an important ‘piercing
point’ for refining paleogeographic reconstructions of Rodinia. In this contribution, we identify a possible
fragment of the Late Mesoproterozoic basin system of southwest Laurentia represented by the upper Rocky Cape
Group of western Tasmania, Australia. We test the correlation between Late Mesoproterozoic strata in southwest
Laurentia and western Tasmania through new field observations and detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic data from
exposures of the Unkar Group (Grand Canyon, Arizona) and the upper Rocky Cape Group.

The stratigraphy of the Unkar Group and upper Rocky Cape Group are remarkably similar with both successions
comprising a lower subdivision of stromatolitic dolomite and siltstone overlain by quartz arenite with
soft-sediment deformation features. Detrital zircons age distributions from the Unkar and upper Rocky Cape
Groups are both characterized by large age peaks at 1600—1800 Ma, prominent 1450 Ma peaks, abundant
1400—1300 Ma ages, and youngest peaks at ca. 1220 Ma. The 1450 Ma zircons from the Unkar Group have
initial epsilon Hf values (Hfi) of 3.76—12.95, comparable to Hfi values of 1.84—12.53 from 1450 Ma zircons
from the upper Rocky Cape Group. The 1400—1300 Ma zircons from the Unkar Group have Hfi of 1.16—11.89,
which is similar to time-equivalent grains from the upper Rocky Cape Group (Hfi = 1.33—12.47). The youngest
zircons from the Unkar Group (1300—1200 Ma) have Hfi of -0.78—12.74 Ma, which generally overlap with the
Hfi of 1300—1200 Ma zircons from the upper Rocky Cape Group, although the latter includes grains with Hfi as
low as -6.26.

The age distribution and Hf isotopic composition of detrital zircons from the Unkar and upper Rocky Cape
Groups are consistent with derivation from basement sources in southern Laurentia including the Grenville
orogen. Correlation of the Unkar and upper Rocky Cape Groups is supported by similarities in stratigraphy and
detrital zircon provenance and suggests western Tasmania formed part of the Late Mesoproterozoic basin system
of southwest Laurentia. The close affinity of the Proterozoic geology of western Tasmania to the Transantarctic
Mountains of East Antarctica indicates that the new correlations presented here support the interpretation that the
Grenville orogen extended into the Transantarctic Mountains, implying a connection between southwest Laurentia
and East Antarctica within Rodinia.