At their heart, the majority of DC current sense circuits start with a resistance in a supply line (though magnetic field sensing is a good alternative, especially in higher-current scenarios). One simply measures the voltage drop across the resistor and scales it as desired to read current (E = I × R (if I didn’t include this, someone would complain)). If the sense resistor is in the ground leg, then the solution is a simple op-amp circuit. Everything stays referenced to ground, and you only have to be careful about small voltage drops in the ground layout.

David Johnson-Davies designed a minimalist ATtiny85-based watch using 12 LEDs, arranged like a clock face, to show the time in analogue-style. He writes:

To show the time you press the button on the watch face, and the time is then displayed for four seconds. It lights one LED to show the hour, and flashes another LED to show the minutes to the nearest five minutes, like the hour and minute hands on a clock. If only one LED lights up you know that both hands are pointing to the same hour mark.

The PCB Rax is an easy to use, versatile printed circuit board holder for repair, prototyping , and assembly that can hold nearly any shape of circuit board. Check the details on the link below.

Not all circuit boards are rectangular. PCB Rax was designed to hold all kinds of different shaped circuit boards, from circles to christmas trees, and everything in-between. PCB Rax comes standard with 10″ connecting rods that can hold rectangular boards up to 9-1/4″ x 8″, and odd shaped boards up to 6-1/2″ x 8″. For larger projects the connecting rods can be replaced.

Susanne Nell @ edn.com has a design idea on how to measure high dc currents.

To measure high levels of direct current for overload detection and protection, designers frequently use either a current-shunt resistor or a toroidal core and Hall-effect magnetic-field sensor. Both methods suffer from drawbacks. For example, measuring 20A with a 10-mΩ resistor dissipates 4W of power as waste heat. The Hall-effect sensor delivers accurate measurements and wastes little power, but it’s an expensive approach to simple current monitoring.

Online circuit simulators are getting more popular day by day. Electronics hobbyists, as well as professionals, use circuit simulators often to design and check circuit diagrams. The best thing about online simulator is, you don’t have to install anything at all on your PC or laptop. All you need is a browser and a stable internet connection. Work from anywhere just by opening the online circuit simulator website and signing in to your account. Cool, huh?

Now the question is, which simulator should one use? Which one is the best simulator? Well, in one sentence, “there is NO best simulator“. It depends on your requirement and level of expertise. If you are just a beginner, then you need a basic and less complex simulator. But if you’re professional and very expert in this field, obviously you’ll need a complicated, multipurpose simulator.

Here I’ve listed top ten online simulators based on their popularity, functionality, pricing, and availability of library parts.

Autodesk Circuits empowers you to bring your electronics project ideas to life with free, easy to use online tools.

A circuit/PCB designing tool and simulator developed by AutoDesk, empowering you to design the circuit, see it on the breadboard , use the famous platform Arduino, simulate the circuit and eventually create the PCB. You can program the Arduino directly from this software simulation.

Pros:

The output design is easier to interpret and will be a handy reference while making a real life connection

DC/AC Virtual Lab is an online simulator who is capable of building DC/AC circuits, you can build circuits with batteries, resistors, wires and other components.

DC/AC Virtual Lab has a pretty attractive graphics and components are real looking, but it is not in top fives because of limitation in parts library, incapability of drawing circuits and some other reasons.

TINA is a very sophisticated circuit simulator and a good choice for experienced persons. It’s not very easy for beginners and takes a while to get started. TINA is not free. But if you consider the performance, the price is negligible.

Pros:

This simulation program has sophisticated capabilities

Simulations are performed on company’s server, hence it provides an excellent accuracy and speed

Various types of circuits can be simulated

Cons:

This platform is NOT for beginners

Even if you are experienced one, initially you may face some difficulties

Tina Cloud is NOT a free simulator

Others:

So, now you have a list of “Top Ten Online Circuit Simulators”, but this isn’t a final one. There are other online simulators which you may find as good for you. simulator.io, Gecko-SIMULATIONSetc. are some of them. I recommend you to try all of them before choosing one as perfect.

If you have any other online simulator in your knowledge to share with us, please do. Any suggestion is highly appreciated.

DuWayne’s project uses an AD9850 in one of our familiar modules to generate RF, under the control of an Arduino NANO. You can read on DuWayne’s blog how the SNA Jr is the descendant of earlier experiments in which an Si5351 was used as the signal source.

circuitbasics.com show us how to connect Rasperry Pi using Ethernet cable.

If you use your Raspberry Pi as a gaming console, media server, or stand-alone computer, WiFi is a great way to get internet access. But if you connect to your Pi with SSH or a remote desktop application a lot, WiFi is actually one of the slowest and least reliable ways to do it. A direct ethernet connection is much faster and a lot more stable.

The LT8390, is a synchronous buck-boost DC/DC controller that can regulate output voltage, and input or output current from input voltages above, below and equal to the output voltage. Its 4V to 60V input voltage range and 0V to 60V output voltage range are ideal for voltage regulator, battery and supercap charger applications in automotive, industrial, telecom and even battery-powered systems. The LT8390’s 4-switch buck-boost controller, combined with 4 external N-channel MOSFETs, can deliver from 10W to over 400W of power with efficiencies up to 98%. Its buck-boost capability is ideal for applications such as automotive, where the input voltage can vary dramatically during stop/start, cold crank and load dump conditions. Transitions between buck, buck-boost and boost operating modes are seamless, offering a well regulated output even with wide variations of supply voltage. The LT8390 is offered in either a 28-lead 4mm x 5mm QFN or thermally enhanced TSSOP to provide a very compact solution footprint. [source]

By bringing the power of open-source and agile hardware design to the semiconductor industry, SiFive aims to increase the performance and efficiency of customized silicon chips with lower cost.

The Freedom E310 (FE310) is the first member of the Freedom Everywhere SoCs family, a series of customizable microcontroller SoC platforms, designed based on SiFive’s E31 CPU Coreplex CPU for microcontroller, embedded, IoT, and wearable applications. The SiFive’s E31 CPU Coreplex is a high-performance, 32-bit RV32IMAC core. Running at 320+ MHz.

FE310 Block Diagram

SiFive recently announced the ‘HiFive1’, an open-source Arduino-compatible RISC-V development board that features the FE310 SoC. It is a 68 x 51 mm board consists of 19 Digital I/O pins, 9 PWM pins, and 128 Mbit Off-Chip flash memory. HiFive1 operates at 3.3V and 1.8V and is fed with 5V via USB or with 7-12V DC jack. The board can be programed using Arduino IDE or Freedom E SDK.

In a comparison with Arduino boards, the HiFive has 10x faster CPU clock, larger Flash memory, and lower power consumption. The table below shows the difference between Arduino UNO, Arduino Zero, and Arduino 101:

HiFive may be a helpful tool for system architects, hardware hackers and makers, to develop RISC-V applications, customize their own microcontroller, support open-source chips and open hardware. It is also good as a getting started kit to learn more about RISC-V.

Resistive random-access memory (RRAM or ReRAM) is a type of non-volatile (NV) random-access (RAM) computer memory that works by changing the resistance across a dielectric solid-state material often referred to as a memristor.

The MB85AS4MT is an SPI-interface ReRAM product that operates with a wide range of power supply voltage, from 1.65V to 3.6V. It features an extremely small average current in read operations of 0.2mA at a maximum operating frequency of 5MHz.

It is optimal for battery operated wearable devices and medical devices such as hearing aids, which require high density, low power consumption electronic components.

Main Specifications

Memory Density (configuration): 4 Mbit (512K words x 8 bits)

Interface: Serial peripheral interface (SPI)

Operating power supply voltage: 1.65V – 3.6V

Low power consumption:

Read operating current: 0.2mA (at 5MHz)

Write operating current: 1.3mA (during write cycle time)

Standby current: 10µA

Sleep current: 2µA

Guaranteed write cycles: 1.2 million cycles

Guaranteed read cycles: Unlimited

Write cycle time (256 byte page): 16ms (with 100% data inversion)

Data retention: 10 years (up to 85°C)

Package: 209 mil 8-pin SOP

This figure shows the block diagram of the chip:

MB85AS4MT is suitable for lots of applications like medical devices, and IoT devices such as meters and sensors. In addition, the chip has the industry’s lowest power consumption for read operations in non-volatile memory.

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