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WEEKLY 0 0 STA HPF" OURNA JJ. VOLUME XXXVII. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2, 1847. NUMBER 40. TIllHHDAY EVENING, May 27, 184T. Accihent. Wu regret to leorn as we do from the St. Louis Republican, oi last week, that our inena Ur. Mkhj. 8. Oi.oa, of Bloomington, Iowa, (late of Pickaway county,) was thrown from his buggy in Alton, and Mi left knee badly fractured. He was returning homo from Ohio, where he had been in attendance upon hi brother the late Josbi'H Olds, in bin lust ill liens. Strawberries. For those delicious luxuries, done up in the beat manner concoivable, commend us to Guff's where they may bo found this evening, as per advertisement. We speak experimentally, when we say his berries and cream are truly all that can be desired in that way. And spunking of strawberries: Our friend Mr. Burr, the " Strawberry King " of this region left us last evening a few specimens of three varieties of (Ac articlt. These are the Early Scarlet, an excellent, rich fruit, highly commended by Downing, and of course orthodox : Bane's Extra Early also a valuable variety; and finally, Burr's New Pine Seedling which is likely to prove a great bearer, and is of surpassing excellence and size, some of the spocimons left with us measuring inches in circumference. These specimens are favorable ones of the several varieties, and as early as is desirable. In about a week, Mr. Burr's vines will yield an abundance. Departure of Troops. For several days past, troops have been pa?aingfrom this placo to Camp Wellington, as fust bh they could be pressed into the public conveyances. On Tuesday afternoon the German company took its departure from this place. The leave-taking extended nearly through the whole 21 hours proceeding their departure. This time was devoted by them to business arrangements, parting salutations, dancing and amusements. The parting sr.cne extended from the rendezvous in the southern part of the city, to half a mile- west of Frank linton, and lasted from auinc time in the afternoon until twilight, when the Volunteers took their seats in a number of extra coachos, and moved olf, amid shouts and cheerti. Scores of wives, sisters, and sweethearts accompanied them to that oxtent on their way to Mexico. They were escorted out of town by Cnpt. Lillet's company of Volunteers, the Franklin Guards, who will follow them in a few days. Mr Cor win and his Speech. It has but rarely happened that a speech on any sub-1 ject excites so much attention as did Mr. Coiiwm's on what was called the three million bill, at the last session of Cungrcss. It was received by the country with an outburst of feeling, and was read with Wonderful avidity. The press of the country bestowed j upon it unwonted attention, and (as the manner is in such cases,) neither stinted its praise on ono side, j nor its abuse on the other. If we can conceive that suck a speech was delivered for notoriety only, there can be no denial that the object of the author wasfully attained. But if such had been the belief of those who volunteered the suggestion, it is evident that their concern would have been lens ; they would not j willingly have given tho author the effectual aid of j their abuse. The speech was one that excited their apprehension. They labored to characterize its literature as of the 4t nightmare" school, and to treat it with ridicule; but their smiles while doing so were good deal awry. Their laughter instead of finding its way to the open air in cheerful shouts, receded from tha lips and grumbled like a cholic through the intestinal canals. They hung out the signs of an elaborate grin, but it was like the grin of one who braces liim elf for a surgical operation. Whether the ground taken by Mr.Conwm, should in the opinion of the country, turn out to be right or wrong, his sentiments were manly ; they were uttered with the boldness and courage of a man; and his speech had power. There was a feeling in the coun. try more or less general, ready to respond to it. This is the real tame of tho partisan abuse which Mr. Cur-win's good fortune drew upon him. His life has exhibited many instances of signal good fortune ; but it may well bo doubted, if he ever before had the good fortuno to enlist the services of so many enemies in his behalf. The speech and the occasion have passed. Time enough has transpired to correct first impressions on both sides ; and we propose to bestow somo attention upon it, to see whether it really deserves the position assigned to it. To see whether it is likely to live in public estimation or is merely ephemeral. Here it will be inquired whether we intend to write an article to hear upon the subject of the next 'residency. No ! decidedly no. We are aware that during the short time of Mr. Corwin's service in the Senate of the United States, he has acquired such a positiun that he has Wen extensively thought of for the Chief Magistracy of the Union. But the tendency is towards the selection of a military man, and unless this war shall be protracted until the laurels won in it shall have become stale, nud connected with unpleasant associations, it is probable that no man in civil lifo will st d id much chance. The country has become so tired of pusillanimous conduct in that high office, that people seem dipnsed to make sure of at least tumt high qualities, by selecting a man of courage that has been proven in the faco of danger, and that has signalized itself in gaining battles. What is to inure of all this, time alone can determine. But for Mr. Corwin we claim a boiler fate than to be elected President of the United Stales. We claim for him tho boon of an honorable fame. This ho has both the genius and courage to secure. Beyond this, must depend upon circumstances not to be foreseen, and about which it is not worth while to feel much concern. Should the next President bo selected from the ranks of civil life, the time has not yet arrivrdto make the selection. It is wholly without reference to that, therefore, that we sneak of Mr. CnHWM and his speech. It has not dud. It has given its author a distinguished position among our public characters, and is yet the theme of large portions of our population. It was our intention to have given a review of this speech, and by liberal extracts to have shown how far it will hear a comparison with the productions of iif celebrated authors ; but this article is already too much extended. The speech has that within it which wa lovo to admire, and lies at the bottom of all eloquence, an earnest and impassioned adtwary of what Ac hftitredto he ntmiT, against all odds and in the face of all opposition. There is not to be found in it any of tho sneaking arts of a vote-hunter. It is courageous and manly throughout, and marks tho man for a high order of public service. Should opportunity favor wa muy recur to the subject. leather too VnU The Loenfocofi, it is said, claim that Massachusetts Is going over to the administration, to givo "aid and comfort" to Mr. Polk. Tho only proof they adduce is, that the Legislature of that State refused a vote of thanks to Gen. Taylor. This falls short of Mr. Polk s views, by a long shot, fits friends paused a vote of tensurt in Congress, and tried to supersede the old General. Massachusetts does not find fault with Gen eral Taylor, nor abuse him; but looks upon the war as at best a poor concern, and does not see much in it to be thankful for. While Massachusetts refuses to abuse Gen. Taylor, there can be no sympathy hetweun her and Mr. Polk. Massachusetts, is Massachusetts still and so she will always be. The Locos had as Well not count their chickens before they are hatched Capital of Ohio Hnilronds. We are gratified at noticing on the part of our fel low ciliiuns of Columbus, and of central Ohio generally, movements on the subject of Railroads. For this is the subject of the day ; and wo rejoice that at ,length tho right spirit is aslir. The wealth and enterprise of the Capital, though heretofore somewhat tardy in matters of this kind, arc bring roused to the accomplishment of important works ; works alike useful (and permanently so,) not only to (his city but to the great majority of the Stale. The surveys of the railways to connect us with Cincinnati, are, we understand, nearly completed ; and when done, the Directory will promptly make a election of the route and as promptly put a portion of that road, if not the whole, under contract. In the mean time, measures are in progress to raise the necessary subscriptions and funds, to mako the Railroad from this to the Ohio River, to connect with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. This is destined to be the GRKAT CENTRAL RAILROAD, passing through the richest and most populous parts or Ohio, inter-see ting most of the important pulilia improvements of the State, and in direct line with the trade and travel of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. It is destined to he tho grand avenue with which other Improvements in the West must necessarily connect While it recommends itself to the capitalist, as ottering means of a safe and profitable investment, it will In an important degree aid the business, and replenish the revenues of the principal Canals of the Slate, instead of diverting business and pro tits from them. Such is the judgment of men most competent to form correct opinions upon the sunject. Success to the Cknthal Railroad of Ohio! Distinguished Mkxicans. The Locofocos insist that all public men who do not believe in the justice and necessity of the war, are the same as so many Mexicans. Well, then, the following arc the names of a few distinguished Mexicans in this country : Martin Van Buren, Silas Wright, John C. Calhoun, Thomas II. Benton ! For the Ohio State Journal, Mn. Thrall : Some time since I saw a statement to the effect that Gen. Taylor had received no dis patch from tho War Department since last full, and I have never seen or heard this disputed, although some doubts. have been expressed by many, Be this as it may, this much is certain, that Gen. Tayi.oh Imb been ill treuled by tho administration, to an unpnrdonahle extent. And of this wo want no better authority than the evidence of one of his own troop, who, writing to his friend, says " Oen. Taylor is by no meant well ; he has been harassed beyond measure, aud nrg. lecled by Government ; who have not, by universal belief here, answered even his dispatches of the last battle !" ile who could fuce everything, not danger and death merely, but can stand before tho corrupting influences of prosperity with a self-denyingcomposure never yet equalled : lie who could make such patriotic sacrifices of political sentiments of the use of his rare gifts of fortune : He is to be harassed" into ill health by the ingratitude of those to whom his efficient labors have been of the most service 1 ile is to bo slighted, unnoticed, unassisted, even paralized in the field, and abused at home by the organ of thoso in the exercise of power; from whom, although they have taken pains to chagrin those long in their country's service by neglecting to reward recent services and superseding thein by the appointment of inferior and inellicient men, together with many other notorious acts, displaying equal wisdom ! Yet even from them irajr to have been expected treatment somewhat different towards Gen. Taylor. Yours, tfce. The Into Senator Speight. The Mississippi papers have announced tho lamentable decease of the lion. Jy.nnr. Hi'kiokt, a Senator tn Congress from that State. An attack of erysipelas about the close of the last session detained him in this city some weeks, and he was imperfectly recovered when he set out on his return home. Mr. S. formerly represented in thu limine uf Representatives for a considerable time the, Ncwbern district of North Car. oliim, of which State he was a native. Jlo was a man of vigorous mind, and a conscientious, generous, and honorable one. ile was of the Democratic party, but of moru conservative views than actuate the multitude of that parly ; and he possessed the merit of thinking for himself, anil of disregarding the dictates of party when they conflicted with his views of duty to his country and to society, llo died in the meridian of lite, and we regard his demise, at Ibis moment, as a serious Ions to his State nud to the National Councils ; the more so, as ho was a gentleman tho range of whose attainment! and the elevation of whose mind had kept pure with his years from tho moment of his entry into public life. Ant. Intel. Correspondonre of the National Intelligencer. From tho City of Nuw York. Nkw York, Mav Sift, I 17. Tiir Ship Fever. The alarm in consequence of the appearance of this fatil disease in our city is increasing. It in reported that there are cases of it in almost every Ward, not only among the immigrants, whose systems are predisposed fur it on board thu crowded vessels which bring them in such throngs to our shores, but many of our citizens are aUo attacked, and some nre dying with it. Dr. Van Ri;jiki, a grandson of Ex President Van Iluren, Assistant Physician at the Bellevne Hospital, died of this feveryesterday ; and Dr. Kr.l.t.v, another physician at the same hospital, is reported sick with it. Dr. Van Buren was about twenty-three yean of age, and was shortly to be married to a young lady of this city. It is stated that within the last three days nearly a hundred immigrants, ick with the ship fever, have been removed from (be Almshouse to Bellevuc Hospital. This state of things, with the warm wether jut opening upon us, and the crowds of immigrants still increasing, may well produce a feeling of anxiety among our citizens. Of the forty-five thousand steerage passengers who hud arrived hero this spring, up to Tuesday last, eleven hundred and fifteen have been admitted into the hospitals, about eight hundred of them having tho ship fever. Accident. Mr. Peter Curry, a house carpenter, was killed yesterday by the falling of a heavy piece of timber, while at work on tin new shops now being built in the Penitentiary. The workmen were throwing down some of the burned timber from tho old building, when Mr. Curry unfortunately stepped out of the lower part just as they hnd Ihruwn one otf. It was a very heavy stick, and killed him instantly, lie has left a wife and four children to mourn his loss. Mat t$ man. Politics or Tim Ghf.at States, Sinre the commencement of tho war against Mexico, by Mr. Pol It, elections have been holdcu for MouiIhts of Congress in our four Urgent 8 in ten, with the following result, compared with that ot the previous election : IH1G. Ir47. Whigs Hem, Whigs J)rtn. New York i;t til $1 11 Pennsylvania V-i l'J 17 7 Ohm 7 14 Jl ID Virginia 1 J 4 (j 0 W 61 H7 U7 Cleveland Herald Divorckh Common Pleas, last week, uncoupled twenty Kilkenny pairs, Judge Monro presiding, like another Khadiimanthus. It would Ira a Bad contrast to " marriage notices " to add this list of the divorced, with the causes thereof. One case was mentioned, where a couple hail been besieging the courts for thirteen years now tho husband, then the wife but hitherto inetfectually. A family of six children had In-en growing up under the in line rice of the domestic turmoil all occasioned by drunkenness of the father. 1 he l ourt decreed alimony to the wile. frilHI of which in M days the ellV-ct being, if thu decree is enforced, to sweep away the husband's real estate, valued at .1,000. ihu law is a rushing oilair. Cm- cinnati Signal, Railroad Lr.TTno. The Newark Advocate of Saturday last, announces (hat contrncts for gradmg'JH miles of the l ake Erie and Columbus Railroad, extending from Newark towards Mt. Vernon, have been entered into. The Advocate adds, that the bidding was spirited, tho contractors all responsible men, and the contracts taken below the estimates. We learn that the holders of contracts will shortly he at work upon thein. Three cheers for the South end of our Railroad ! When shall wo have the opportunity of giving three cheers for the commencement of that part of our road lying between this place and Mansfield ? Mt, I'trttun Tunes. Bra Towkmiip aoaisst tiik Statu. Mr. James Dirkey, of Kern lownnhip in this county, has now in bis possession scalp some two ninnths old, which, for size, is far ahead of anything wo have ever teen. Home idea may be formed of the animal when wo stale that at tho time of its hirth it weighed l'2 pounds! Its limits are very large full as large as the average calves when one year of age and well proportioned in every respect. We shall dub it the " banner calf." .Ifhms Mrtsensrrr. 11i.iont Cot nt v. Our population isaboiTCiy.OflO. few counties in Ohio have tlm resources furnished at our hands, when we consider our fertile soil, our beds of coal, sund stone and lime. With proper eitlh vatmn we can raise ns easily 1,000,0011 bushels of wheat as we now do (100,000. Our tuhaecu crops run to about J,00O,0O0 lbs. annually, and there are raised a largn number of horses, entile and hogs, for market. Our fruit growers send grafts and trees to all parts of the South, and Western Stales, and our markets on tho river, aud at home, consume vast amount of poultry, fruit, beef, pork, Hour, Ac. The (turners are doing welt, and with energy and skill will, continue pros-preous. As they succeed, so do the merchants, mechanics and professional men. Hut no class is o truly independent as farmers, out of debt ; or, if in debt. so as to see the way clear before them. Long may peace and plenty abide amoiijr Hie iianty ami industri ous cultivators of the soil. St. Clairsnlle Gaz. BoMKTHisn Sianui. AR. Some days since a plough man laboring on the farm of ',. Lindley, Ksq., in Alexander township, Athens county, turned up at the depth of the furrow, some 8 or Ml goouc eggs, which, on breaking, were found to be apparently as fresh and sound as the day they were layed. But that which is most singular about the matter is, that the field whom the eggs were found is sward ground, and had not previous to this time hern ploughed lr somo ten or I i lice ii years, .Mm Mfssmger. The Hogs of Ireland, which occupy nearlyone-seventh of the entire surface, contain an amount of fuel estimated to be equal to four hundred snd eighty millions of tons of con) ; and worth, at live shillings thu ton, no less than iil'JO,tmii,imo sterling. Handy akd Bkavkr Canal. -The work on this canal is rapidly progressing, and lilt miles, from New Lisbon to the Ohio river, is now open for navigation The line from New Lisbon to Bohvnr, a distance of some (h nub's, will be open aud ready lor navigation by about the AUi vl July. From the National Intelligencer, May '.if. Mr. Webster, With his family, arrived at Augusta, Georgia, on Monday evening laut. They were met at tho railroad depot in Hamburg by tho Augusta committee of reception, and escorted to their lodging ot Washington Hall. The Augusta Chronicle of Wednesday gives the following account of the proceedings of Tuesday : Kkcrptioh of Mu. Weustrr. In accordance with the previous arrangement of the committee, Air. Webster was escorted from his lodgings to the City Hull yesterday morning a little after ten o'clock, where ho was introduced to the citizens assembled, and in their behalf welcomed to tho city of Augusta, by Charles j . jenmns, tisq, j largo anu imputing ww-iinuy ui ladies aud gentlemen were present to do honor to the distinguished statesman, orator and patriot. The address of Mr. Jenkins was marked with that beauty, elegance and good taste so characteristic of him. It was full of tint hearty cordiality towards the illustrious visitor which the assembly felt towards him, and thus appropriately and truly represented their feelings. We regretted to perceive that Mr. Webster was evidently luboiing under indisposition. Ho reached the city in rather feeble health, having suffered considerably from tho effects of cold and probably fatigue. In the brief remarks which ho made in lettponic to Mr, Jenkins1 address, he displayed the classic taste and purity of style fur which he is so much distinguished, ile expressed his gratification at his visit, his cordial reception, and spoke of the happy relations which should ever exist between tho people of the various sections of the Union. Tito allusions of Mr. Jenkins to the services of Mr, We lister, and tho warm and cordial welcome which he gave him, elicited tho enthusiastic applause of the numerous assembly, as did also the remarks of the distinguished visiter in reply. After the address of Mr. Jenkins and response of Mr. Webster, the assembly dispersed, A number of ladies aud gentlemen called at the Washington flail to pay their respects to Mr. and Mrs. Webster. We regret to state that Mr. Webster's health was such that it was necessary fr him to retire to his room after leaving the City Hall. Henco many who called were disappointed in seeing him, and a greater numbur still did not call alter hearing of his indisposition. We regret to add, further, that owing to the state of his health he was not able to partake of the complimentary dinner which had been prepared for hiin. That was participated in, however, by a largo number of gentlemen of the city, and from a distance, many of whom hud been invited to be present. We shall have it in our power, we Imp, to report an account of the proceedings at the Hall aud tho dinner more fully to-morruw. Jly the Chronicle of tho 2ilth, wo am glad to find that, although Mr. Webster's indisposition hud been somewhat severe, ho was better. The Chronicle says: " It affords us very great satisfaction to stale that up to a late hour last evening, Mr. Webster wan better than he hd been throughout the day. Confined as he is to his room, it is uncertain when he will be able to prosecute his journey to other places and sections which ho intended to visit. His indisposition is the source of universal regret, as his speedy restoration to health is the universal desire." From the Cincinnati Chronicle. Mexico Do as you would be Done By The world can ftcver be at pence, nor the Govern- inentn of the world ever stable, nor mankind ever happy, till the principle of Jus n x among nitions and men shall be adopted. What is justice ? The New Testa ment furnishes the principles, in tho simplest ami puni est language. Do unto others as tjua would thai oth ers shtiuiit an unto you. Wu are reminded of this by the following passage from a letter of Gov. Shannon, which we find in the Cincinnati uazette : Should Gen. Scott defeat Santa Anna in his pre sent, position, and disperse It's army, which I think is more than prohaole, the presumption is that a proposition will be made by tho Mexican Government to negotiate. That proposition will be accepted by our Government; but wilt it result in peace? On this point I havo great doubts. Our Government will de sire and insist on Mexico ceding a portion of her territory to us. I doubt whether Mexico will agree to this. Before 1 left that country, 1 became satisfied mat mere was noi money enough on the continent oi America to purchase from Mexico any portion of her territory. They are a proud as well as a foolish poo-pie, who look upon a cession of any part of her terri- ,ory as dishonorable and treasonable, i umie opinion in this country demands of tho administration to in sist, and they, no doubt, will insist nu a cession of ter ritory. Unless a great change has taken place in Mexico on this subject, since I left there, she will never agree to a peace on the terms we propose, and which public opinion in this country demands. Here is a man who has been Governor of Ohio, and yet does not seem to have an idea that there is such a thing as justice or equity in ttie world ; or that, it there be, lliey should tic regarded 1 He seems to think we must insist upon taking Mexican territory, though we have no earthly right to it, and although the consequences of insisting upon it should be perpetual icir, a perpetual standing army, and a perpetual public debt! Gov. Shannon belongs to a very numerous clans of political men, who never ask themselves what tn right, but only wirtl is opinion. To thein the Constitution of the ("luted States is obliterated, Public Justice has no existence, and to them there is no government and no nation but a llmting mob. They have now come to a point where their influence and their policy is to be tested. This Mexican War is not a bubble to be blown away by the breath of a Demagogue nor an April shower, whose consequences perish in a day. It is a great question, of sir tat momtnt. The pnuple know it and feel it. It limit bo met, and fairly met. Wh.it is to be doner 1 ho simplest ot all simple things. Do justice aud love mercy; Do unto others as you would they should do unto you. Whero is the man in Ohio who will consent to cede our territory though the armies of France and Kuglatid should be in Columbus ! Governor Shannon says that tho Mexicans aro " proud and foolish." Why? Because they will not content to cede us their territory ! Are not the poo-plo of Ohio just as proud aud foolish as that? Did our Revolutionary ancestors consent tu cede away their territory, when every State and Lny in the country was in the possession of British troops? Never. Has hitman nature totally ohanged in Mexico ? Gov. Shannon says that Public opinion demands the cession of Mexican territory.' Public opinion does no such thing. Guv. Shannon is very much nnstuken. The entire Whig parly aro opposed to the cession of a square toot, beyond ttie uu u ran tie, except a small parallelogram on the coast ot the t actile, m California. A largo part of the Democratic party are nlso opposed to it, except on acondition, to which the other portion oi tne party will not consent mo negation of Slavery in the conquered territory. Taken either with or without provisos, an unquestionable majority of the people of tho United Slates arc opposed to the acquisition of Mexican territory. How are wo to know public opinion r How is tne Administration to know it? In the whole political history of the United States, there (icrrr has occurred a change against an idminiftratian or a party so great, as that winch has occurred against the President and his party, since the march ot Uen. nyior on tne mo u ramie! we challenge thein to show an instnneu in which public opinion was more strongly manifested against the policy or an Administration : 1 lie Congress ot H4.i -ti commenced its sessions with more than sirtn ma jority for tho President and Cabinet. On Hie 1st May, 147, mo elections in seventeen a laics nad destroyed the wholo majority ; and there is no reason to behcie thai the summer elections will be in any way different. Tho local elections have been tho same. Iowa, a new State, had a Wing majority. Kven old Virginia, almost without an rllort, sends a Whig majoniy to ui ouiy urnucii oi mu i.rgiiuiuro wniclt Could be changed 1 Can there be any mistake in ttiese indications n public opinion? ' Is it Hot perfectly notorious that during this entire period the Whig press and the Whig speakers have declared their opposition to the acquj. sition of conquered territories ? The people of the United States havo tolerated demagogues in their fantastic tricks, while the issues The Descendants of Lafayette The patriotism of tho illustrious friend of Washington is descending undiluted to his successors. His son, George Washington Lafayette, who inherits the name of one and the virtues of both his namesakes, has long held and still holds a seat among the Liberal members of the French Chambers of Deputies, and at the last election his eldest son, Odcar, having scarcely become eligible by arriving at the age of 30, was elected a Deputy to the same Chamber by the District of Meanx, tho samo that bis grandfather, the General, formerly represented. The contest was an active one, his antagonist aud predecessor being a Ministerial candidate, sustained by powerful interests but veneration for tho memory of tho grandfather, the gratitude of hia old constituents, the opinion of the people, and we may presume tho merit of the candidate, have prevailed over all obstacles ; and now his son sits by the sido of his father, on the same opposition bench, where he sat so long by the side of his father tho old General. In all this there would seem to be, in both representatives and constituents, examples of steadfastness and fidelity not always to be found in tho political annals of countries reputed the most republican and free. Tribune. Virginia Election The Sheriffs of the Fourth District met on the 17th inst., and gave Thomas S. Bocnck (Loco ) tho certificate that ho was elected to Congress by 3 votes, A letter from Appomattox says : Mr. Irving contests the election. Such is the unanimous wish of thu Whigs of the District. An examination of all the polls on both sides hus been made, and success in the contest is regarded as certain. The Lynchburg Virginian understands that Mr. Tedway (Loco) will not contest tho election of Mr. Flournoy, (Whig) whosft true majority is 59 instead of 1 as oliicially reported the votes at one of the precincts in Patrick, which gave Mr. F. 5H majority, having been thrown out, improperly, by thu Sheriff of that county, in consequence of the omission to qualify thu Commissioners. Mnjor Guinea and Pnrty. The following dignified letter of remonstrance from Major Gaines and fellow otlicers, prisoners in the castle of Santiago, Mexico, to Gen. Santa Anna, we copy from the New Orleans Commercial Times, of the 15th inst: Castle of St, Jaoo, (City of Mexico,) ) March 21, lrt-17. j To his Excellency, General Santa Jlnna; Slit: The undersigned, officers in the army of tho United States of America, respectfully statu to your Excellency that they, together with their respective commands, consisting of seventy-one persons in all, became prisoners of war to the Mexican He public at the Hacienda Lncarnacion, on the ii'M of January last. On that morning, before daylight, we found ourselves entirely surrounded by a largo force say three thousand men and, about sunrise, a white flag approached us on one side, and a considerable force on another; we required that the troops should retire, precedent to our receiving tho Hag, which being complied with, the flag approached and a surrender demanded. We took one hour to determine whether we would entertain a proposition of tho kind or not; at the expiration of the hour the flag returned and was answered that wo would hear a proposition, and wero told that General Minon would send a major to our camp, while ono of our number of equal rank should rcpiirtohis headquarters and hear his otl'or. This being done, Major Borland entertained the officer sent in, whilst Major Gaines rode out to the General, had a conference of about one hour with him, returned to the hacienda, and, in the presence of an interpreter on each side, stated the terms offered, which were accepted ; and, between 11 and V4 o'clock, wo surrendered ns prisoners of war. The terms were, that the General himself should receive the sword of our comminder ; that public prop. rty siiouui Iju surrendered; and private property should be respected ; and that the best treatment in very particular, known amongst civilized nations to prisoners oi war, should be ours. Ihe General, when asked to reduce these terms to writing, gave us the most positive assurances that his word of honor was worth more than three or four signatures, and that, unless his agreement was fully carried out. he would abandon the service of his country. On our journey to this city, we had the gratification to meet your L'xcclleiicy ; and, after stating to you the terms of our capitulation, received the pleasing assurance that they should be complied with. 1 lie object oi this note is to complain to the Head of the Mexican Republic, that, so far from the terms of our capitulation having been complied with, we have been frequently subjected to the most grievous aeprivHiions, and that we have retrained from making our protest hitherto, in consequence of the unhappy dissensions said to exist in the capital which, being now fortunately adjusted, as we aro informed, we most respectfully call your attention to our condition. w e torhear, at this tune, from entering into ttie par ticulars of our complaints, and bug leave to refer your excellency to tien. l, Vega, who has lately been a prisoner of war in the United States, (but who has not honored us with any notice whatever,) for the manner in which prisoners of war aru treated in our coun- "7; There is, however, one complaint which we owe to ourselves to call your immediate altcu ion to. Wo are informed that wen. Mmon, in reporting our capture to his government, alleges tint we surrendered at discretion, and that we owe our lives to the nng-uanimity of tho Mexican Republic. Against such a statement we enter our solemn protest; and declare that, the terms of our surrender being accurately stated in the foregoing part of this note, anything inconsistent thereto is unfounded in fact. Hoping that a peace between tho two Republics shall speedily he made, upoa terms equally hunorsblo to both, we subscribe ourselv.'s, xour most obedient servants, fStgncd 1 John P. Games, Maj. Ky. Reirt. of Cavalry, U. 8. A. Solon Borland, do Ark. do t'Sssms M Clay, ('apt. Ky. do C. C. Danley, do Ark. do G. R. Davidson, lid Lt. Ky. do do do do do do, do, do, Ireland. Tho weather has of late underdone a favorable change. Vegetation is making rap.d progress. The accounts of the wheat ami oat crops are highly encouraging ; and even in rcg,ml to potatoes very luvor-able accounts are received. The smaller class of far mers, who have suffered so terribly by tho destructive failures of last year, are plucking up courage to try their favorite root once more. The early spring planting of potatoes had been confined to the large farmers and gentry, who could afford to make experiments, but within the last week the small farmers are also venturing. Thu Newry Telegraph says: Tho planting of potatoes is quite general in tins part of the country, several of the more extensive farmers havirg Urge breachs of land laid down for that purpose. The early planted are exhibiting tho most gratifying promise of a large and abundant crop, the young plants coming up strong and vigorous, as in the inoit favorable seasons." Tho accounts from other districts am similar. Whether for good or evil, there will be an extensive potato culture this year. Probably the amount planted will be about the fourth part of the crop of ordinary years. On the yith ult., deputations from the city of Cork and some public bodies proceeded to Cove, to present ntldn sscs to Capt. Forbes, of the United Statessloop-of-war, Jamestown, which had broiighta relief cargo, valurd at 1 1,001). Capt Forbes, inIiis reply, exprt ss-ed Ihe necessity of " raising the moral standard of the people." In Ins reply to the city of Cork address, he ays: 'Yoii know, gentlemen, that in America we have no " tower orders, in a moral point ot view, unless they be imported, and that they are nt long permitted to live as they were wont to do at home, they are obliged, by the social custonii and civil laws, to do their shuro of thu common weal." It was determined at a meeting in Cork on the Sillh ult , at which Lord Bernard, M P., presided, that Ihe cargo of the Jamestown should be dutrihuted amongst th,- ten unions of the county, according tu thr extent of populatiuli and great magnitude, as wise men leave chil prevalence of distress in each, wero of no dren tn pursue their sports when there is no great dinner. Hut, Iiko pruuent parents, mey win uiHe care of this atlair for themselves, or they will never have another to lake care of. By conquering territory they will incur, as they havo done, the political necessity of iiiaintiiiniiig great standing armies, and of creating great public debts curses of which F.urope has lisd the bitter experience, and than which no greater connected with government can be inflicted on anation. Rr.Ai. Pi;nt.iHiiitn Tho U. S. Gazette sirs, that in Massachusetts, the law requires the parties before marrying to be published that is, their intentions of miirnngo shall bo announced in church, three successive public days, or rise posted in some puhlin place lor two or three weens. i no press, nowever, mis, taken advantage of the provisions of the law, and we j now see in one of the Boston papers, a notice of those who intend marriage, lt is a terrible tune when a! mail cannot go a courting, nor a girl get a swrotlieait, without having the alluir find its way into the newspapers.Orn NxtIohai. Al Mo!i:ns. Up to the Tuesday before the sailing of the last steamer front r.iiglaiid, the total quantity of provisions consigned front America to the Central Relief Committee of the Society of Friends in Ireland, for the poor, was l!l,Nt(i barrels of meal, 10 1!7 bushels of corn, li1 barrels ol peas and beam, and a number of nates of clothing. Title Canai.. The breach occasioned in the Canal, near Camp creek, by the storm on the 17th inst , hns been rrpnired, aud the big ditch ia again in good nt-der. httlicotht Gaietie, Among the unlavorsble features of tho accounts from Ireland the prospect of a neglect of llax cultivation may be re glided as serious, inasmuch as the annual products of this branch of industry are ununlly estimated at JC'.'OlHKlMIO. The price of seed has greatly fallen, although supplies aru low in consequence of no shipments having been made from the U. Stales, wheneo the export generally averages WHH1 tierces; and dealers allege tri .it they have never known o limited a demand. This appears to have arisen not so much from the paralysis which bus prevented a large portion of the people from attending to cultivation uf any kind, as from the fact of the high price of wheat having tempted those who are still disposed tn exert themselves to devote their means to an increased production of that article, and thus to discontinue their ordinary produce. It is to be leared, however, that tins will prove a mistake, The Northern Whig states that the potatne blight has re-appeared in the neighborhood of Belfast. Mr. Smith O Brien bus sent a letter to the Free man's Journal, repenting his accusation of "a Whig Alliance between the tit onnells and the Govern ment, lie asks Mr. J. Ot ouuell to deny that'lhey solicited situations from Government for themselves and friends. Grir La Vrox If certain authority, which is entitled to ihe belief of the limst incredulous, run be credited, there is reason in the supposition that Gen. La Vega will return to New Orleans tit complete, or rather re-commence an agreeable little romance in private life ; the prosecution of which to a Imppy consummation, was interrupted by ihe gallant General's release front captivity, sonic months ago. So saith the Couiier des 10 tut Uins. Oregon RmiKrution Indiun Fib'ht. The St. Louis Republican publishes the following extract of a letter dated St. Joseph, Mo., May 7lh, The town is crowded with emigrants for Oregon now crossing tho Missouri river. Upwards of three hundred wagons have crossed at this place, and more are crossing daily. One hundred wagons from Illinois will be here to-morrow. From present appear ances, 1 should not be surprised if five hundred wagons crossed the Missouri at St. Joseph. A large number are also crossing at Iowa Point. It is impossible, at this time, to make an estimate of the number that will cross here and at the crossings above. I hey are rendezvousing at the Iowa Mission, and will" take up their line of march " about the 15th of this month, when tho entire company will leave. The emigra tion from this place has been doublo what it was last year, and should it increase, in a very few years Oregon will be peopled. A gentleman trom Council Bluns. yesterday, re ports a fight between the Ottos and Sioux Indians. r ive ot tne Ottos had been on a hunt, and were over taken by a small party of the Sioux, and four of them scalped. One of the party (a squaw) threw herself in tho rivor, and succeeded in making her escape to the Ottos' encampment. A party of thu Ottos a small band of tho Out a haws joining them immediately went in pursuit of the Sioux, and soon got on their trail and pursued them to a grassy swamp, where they had taken refuge. They immediately fired it, and as they made their appearance shot thein down and scalped them. They scalped eight of tho Sioux, a small parly having left before the Ottos and Oma-hawas cnuie up. A portion of the Mormons are making arrangements to leave this spring. You are aware that 'i'Mi went out as pioneers on the IHth of March last, from the encampment at the Bluffs. They are getting on well. they went prepared tn put in a crop, and will await thu arrival of the main body in thu lull. They are all destined for California. Tho War and the Costs of tho War The following estimates ot the loss and gain of the war is from a late letter from Washington to the New xorx iieruid. Tho American forces occupy territories of the enemy comprehending an area of 8()U,U00 square miles, equal to fifteen such divisions of territory as thu Statu of rtew lorn. The active American force in tho field, over all this vastcxpansc of territory, has not exceeded at any time, a sum total of IIO.OOO men. By a rough estimate, the losses of the Americans in the numerous fights and nkiriimhca have been, perhaps not less than thefollowing: In the operations around Matainoras in kill ed and wounded , ono men. At Monterey fillO At lluena Vista rJOU 11 In incidental skirmishing within the line of Taylor's operations 200 " In the operations in New Mexico, killed and wounded In California At Vera Cruz and neighborhood..., At Alvarado in the attack of Com. Conner, say In the attack of Capt. Hunter At Cerro Gordo, including the inarch there, 500 200 y.'o Ol) 10 00 Total killed and wounded.. Died of the climate ....n.nio ...,y,.)00 Total 6,:io comprehending tho killed and wounded, and the dead from disease on the side of the Americans. On Ihe other hand, wu think wo may safely set down the Mexican losses at three to one in killed in wounded, as the average, in all the battles and skinniahes with our troops in every quarter; so that their aggregate losn may bo reasonably set down at 10,000 men, an offset to the U,iH0 of the Ainericuus in tho foregoing In the Gulf, the United States have lost two ves sels of war, and perhaps not less than fifty transport vessels oi an kiikis, irom tne northers and the coral reels, equivalent to a loss of ft' 000.000. The aggregate expenses of the war up to this date, regular and irregular, ordinary and extraordinary, w ith a valuation upon every thing expended or lost, except upon thu bravo men who have died in the enemy's country, or from wounds or disutilities incurred in the service, will cover an item ot 1)0,000,000 of which we may set down Jft.",,)HiO,0if0 to expenditures in the enemy's country, and for purchases of mules, provisions, &c., and hire of laborers and mule drivers of the Mexicans cqilll, let us assume to the citizens of Mexico disposing of these articles, to a clear profit of three million!, deducting first cost aud the portion disposed of under the law of contributions. This data will indicate, in part, the losses of the war the gains have yet to be designated, estimated anil acquired. Mexico of the two, we suspect, though she may lose half her terrirory, will, in the end, be the great gainer ot the two. ' Devoted" Duyton. If any one wishes to see Dayton in all its unsurpas-sible beauty; now is the season to visit it. Tho ge nial warmth of Spring, and the bright May sun. has ciotneu me irees sna suruimcry witn a luxuriant loli- nge. Kvery thing looks bright and beautiful : and gay and lively. '1 he other evening we took a buggy ride around the city, and visited every Quarter. We were perfectly delighted with the appearance of things, anu came to me conclusion lor the JOOOth time, that we nave uio pretiest tntana town, out ol doors. In every section of the citv on everv street, and in almost every siiuare. new and substantial buildmcs if every description are being put up. Upon the busi ness streets the handsomest emboli ihmcnts aro being udded tu the shops and stores, in the way of making "pen ironis, snn aoung snow windows. The bun ness men on I bird street have been particularly in- iltislrioits and public-spirited in this respect. The new Court House is rearing its ninjestic form upon the cor ner oi i mru and .Mam, and will soon present an un posing appearance. It will he one of the most magnificent buildings in the Slat-, when completed mere is a spirit ol industry, enterprise and activ ity in our energetic population, which will always mane ay ion go ancau in spite ot late. i ranstnpt, Con quest of Territory. I lie annexed article trom the New York Globe (a Loc'ifoci) paper high in the confidence of it partv.l is an open avowal by the Adininislarlion party that the ronipiext of Mexican territory is the object of the vwr. iu'iimiiw uiiiii uiscianneu in some quarters, nut it is avowed in others, and we think the weight of evidence with the avowal. Tho extract is according to me ik-hi lurmuiaoi mis progressive psrty. Count lent of territory, for the mere sake of eon quest, ii incompatible with the safety ot arenuhlie: large standing armies are dangerous; our intent is to maao peace with .Mexico to gtre to her a mild and just government, and honest civilians in the adminis tration to send out of the country every ambitious cniensin w oittiand tho whole army to call on all the Mexican States to organize State Governments anu esiatuisn a militia to place lier on tho same footing as our Slate and Federative system ; but the Mex icans will not permit it ; and here is the ombarassmcnt of our position. If we make a treaty with ono party, Ihu other will violate it ; if wo withdraw our armies to-day, to-morrow we may be compelled to recall them There appears to be no other course left us to pursuo than to retain possession oj what its hare eomuered to open the ports under a reasonable tanlf to indemnify ourselves for the expenses of the war to take passrstitm of the mininff districts to restore confidence to deveioH tho immense resources of that country, iu u-avu eveuisio lane care oi themselves. Tremendous Kiiius. Tho L'bnnon Star of the Jlst, says: Wo were visited iti Monday last with one of the severest rains the "oldest inhabitant" hero has known for forty years. It poured down in immense water spouts, and the deludge of water, we have no doubt, for the tune nemg, was lully equal to Ihr Iniunus rain-storm in the days of Noah. For an hour and a quarter, the "windows of heaven " were opened, during which time every streot was reverted into a torrent, filling the cellars in the lower part ol the town, and completely overllowing the gardens. Tnrllrcreek rose to an upre-cedenfd height, and from its head to its mouth car ried away all the fencing in its range. The bottoms adjacent tn it, in low situations, were inundated and tne growing crops destroyed. Many cattle and hogs were drowned. The highlands, and the cmps of corn, oats and wheat on their slopes, were greatly injured, in many instances. The soil was washed away and lull sides cut up into gutters ami ridges, Farmers with wniim we have conversed, an- ot the opinion, that not one thin) of the corn was tell standing. It will lie neeessnry for them to replant, which will in-vol vp considerable labor and expense and much retard the business of the season. In many localities the fall of hail was very great It was fimnd on the ground the next day in largo quan tities. In the vicinity of Rulgevillc, Red Lion and Union Village, the rain was moderate. Tn r MotiMoss. The probability now ii that a large part of the population in California will soon be Mormon. But even there, as here, they seem to be subject to differences and divisions. The ('nht'orniasnys : There has lieen, it seems, an irreconcilable spirit among the Mormonn at San Francisco. Tne result of llns explosion will be to throw them into different parts of California. Fnii'.Hhs. The Philadelphia U S Gairtte of yesterday says: Wu understand that the members of Ihe Society of Friends belonging to the yearly meeting held list week in the Cherry and Green street houses, hae contributed in money and provisions ucnrly On thousand doll tin tor the relict o the milter eis in Ireland." Extracts From the communication of the Hon. Louis M'Lankio iib atacKhotaers of tho Baltimore and Unto natiroaa Company, April tth, 1H47. " Then consider the connection hot we on Baltimore and Cincinnati via: Fishing creek on the line through Zaneavillo, Columbus and Xenia the onlv lino which a road from Pittsburgh could pursue to Cincinnati. iiy tins connection Iialtimore would be nearer to Cin cinnati than New York by U') miles than Philadel- pma oy nnoui .hi miles and the distance by this route from Baltimore would bo less by 50 miles, than by the same line reached through Pittsburgh, i say nothing of tho cost of thoso lines, it is enough to know they are all cheaper in proportion to distances, and therefore, on this ground, bear tho samo relative ad vantage. "Ky tho way of fish creek, therefore, through Zanesville and Columbus we should be nearer to Cincinnati, by 20 miles, than to New York, by her own route by the F.rie Railroad and Dunkirk ; and 117 miles nearer than 1 hilndelphiaon her shortest route through Pittsburgh and Welluville; nud Baltimore would be nearer to Cincinnati by this route by 50 miles, than iy our proposed route through t itUuurgri, ao. " It also deserves especial notice, in the present posture of our relations that the route by the way of Wheeling, (oven adopting Jnhnnthnn M'Knight's route,) to Cincinnati 17 miles shorter than the mute from Philadel- Idiia, and 'Mi miles less than our proposed route through 'ittshurgh. So t Ji nt, if we should desert the south ern points and go farther north, we should lose the ad vantage ot distance, and actually serve to strengthen tha competition against us. Then! in any sound view, next to r isiiing creek, r ish creek is considerably the best of any other route north of it : and so far as it respects the connection through '.anesrille and Colum bus, it is superior to risking creek. " now, look at tho connections an the west side or the river. It is seen ot a glaucn that the communica tions from Chilicothn, Alliens and Marietta to Pittsburgh, except by lateral roads at an insupportable ex pense, could never he formed. Then take Zanesville and Columbus Pittsburgh's only lino. Thedistance from Zauesvillo to Pittshurgh is not less 17 miles, and to Fish creek only ill), from Columbus to Pittsburgh is not less than 227 miles and to Fish creek only 150," Ac. To connect Pittsburgh with Columbus would require a capital of at least four and a half millions uf dollars, while Columbus could connect with Fish creek for three Imillions ; and if three mil lions complete a connection on the shortest line, I leave any one to say where four and a halt could be raised to form a connection on a lino 77 miles longer." " uut, sir, does not every one perceive that the uncle of Cleveland is not what we are seeking for ? That trade has grown up for the want ol shorter communi cations, nud will disappear the moment they can be made. Uur object, therefore is to prevent the trade from going to Cleveland. Our purpose ought to he to get to Cincinnati, and to all the points on the Ohio from which tho trade now goes to Cleveland, and to bring it by the shortest route to Baltimore before it gets within the attractionof any competitor." " With regard to the present law (of Virginia) however, 1 could not omit stating, that a modification allowing the right of a terminus at Fish creek would be an indispensable preliminary." Rnllrond from St Louis to Cincinnati The convention on this road met at Indianapolis on the Vith, and wu attended by a number of trite Hi-gent delegates from the several States principally interested. The sitting of the convention manifested a spirited determination to give aii impulse to the enter prise. Oov. m-bb ot Ohio presided, and when the convention adjourned he made the following remarks : Gkntlemrk ; In taking leave ol you I shall b brief. 1 came hero with great incertitude, as somo o the Cincinnati paKrs had stated that there would be no convention, and as, in getting here 1 passed ov-r the cross railroads, 1 felft fearful that 1 should have my pains for my pleasure. But I have been agreeably disappointed, and rejoice that 1 have had the opportunity of meeting with so many intelligent and ener getic men Ironi the various states here represented. Let me say to you, that, when you go home, interest your neighbors in this great work. In your representations of its importance, you cannot cxaggregate its value to the country, lt will speedily be accomplish ed. He that is most sanguine will be the nearest the truth. He that says, 14 in a few years thousands will pass over this great thoroughfare," will find his numbers multiplied by thousands. This road is destined to extend over the Cordilleras to the west, and over the Alleghanies in the cast. For no man, unless he has the figures b -fore him can estimate the greatness and the height of prosperity to which this country will in a few years arrive In conclusion, gentlemen, let me return you my thanks for the way in which you have honored me, and for your complimentary resolution. And let me express the hope that, when we meet again in con vention at Indianapolis, we may ride upon "rails which are placed along, not across the road. The following interesting article upon the railroads of our country, wo extract from a late number of the Kdinburgh Review, it is gratifying to observe, that in one respect at least, our European friends are willing to acknowledge our superiority, and that is, to use the language of tho Review, "for that irrepressible spirit of enterprise which so strongly characterises the American peoplo : " Railroads in the United Stntcs. The total length of railway now actually constructed, and in operation in the United Slates, amounts to about 4,"00 miles; of which 500 miles consist of short lines, connected with coal works and private establishments; leaving about 41)00 miles of swift steam conveyance, by railway, for passengers and merchandize. Besidis this, there are about lo,H(hl miles projected, tho construction of most of which has been suspended, since the financial and monetary revulsions which took place some years since. Of tho railways com-pleled, and ill ojM-ratinn, the chief part are in the Atlantic States. A few short lines, however, have been constructed tn the south and west. Thus there are seven railways in Alabama, four in Florida, ten in Louisiana, and five in Mississippi. Pennsylvania, New York, and tho Stales of New F.nglnnd, are tho great theatres of American railway enterprise. The State nf Pennsylvania is intersected by nearly a thousand miles of railway ; and an equal length is in operation or process of construction, in tiie State of New York. Thu New England Slates are in every direction intersected by railways. Boston is connected towards the west with the Hudson at Albany, by a continuous line. It ia connected, towards tho south, with Long Islund Sound, by lines to Providence and Stoninjjton, and to Worcester and New London. The communication is carried on from these points to New York, both by railway over Long Island, and by steamboats on the Sound and the Fast River. From the Hudson, there is an unbroken line of railway coniinunicatmii to the great northern lakes. By these and the Illinois river, the communication it continued by steamboats nearly to the banks of the Upper Mississippi, where it is continued for some thousand miles westward by the Missouri towards the Rocky Mountains; and southward by the Lower Mississippi to New Orleans and the Gull of Mexico. Another artery of railway communication proceeds from New Vork southwards traversing the Slates of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina and turning westward through Georgin, terminates near the banks of tho Alabama river. There, the lino is continued by steamboats to the mouth of that river ; and thence to Lake Pontcharlrain, where it meets a line of railway which terminates finally at New Orleans. Tho entire territory of the Union is thus enclosed in an uninterrupted circle of steam communication. Nor arc great traverse arteries wanting to complete thu interfusion of the commerce of the country. From tho artery running north and south, just mentioned, there issues a lateral branch at Baltimore, proceeding westward towards the Alleghany range. At present tins is continued only as far as Cumberland at the foot of the ridge, which is at that point crossed by an excellent Macadamized road, on which stage coaches work at a speed, equal to the best Engliih coach travelling.It is however, intended to supersede this road, by a continuation of the railway to Wheeling and Pittsburgh on the Ohio. Thence the communication is carried on by steamboats on that river, to the point where its waters are received by the Mississippi. Wo have here traced the great mam arteries ot the internal cammmerce of the United States but these only. From these at every point diverge innumerable ramifications, either by tributary navigable rivers, by branch rnilways or by common mails. There are also isolated instances ol the irrepressible spirit of enterprise, which so strongly eharoctcriies this people, t be found in railwnys constructed and in operation, where the highest refinement nf locomotion would lie the last thing the wanderer of the wilds would expect to meet. In the backwoods of Mississippi, traversing native forests, where, till within a few years, human foot never tnd, through solitudes, the silence of which was never disturbed even by lho red limn, we aro now transported by railways. The impression produced on Ihu traveler, as he is whirled through the' wilds, and sees the frightened deer start from his lair at Ihe snorting of tho ponderous machine which moves him, and reflects on nil that man has accomplished in these regions within hnlf a century, cannot be described. Edinburgh Bmrw, A rnilwnv Is In npmtinn between Vicfcsburg, on tlm ensfern bank of ttie Mumiippl, snd the lown nf Jackson, in the rout re ol the Mute, ulneti ilirniitfliont Ms entire leliuin trnvrnea the iitttivtt linl. ulierc the enuiiieers who litnile it weni prolMhly tlm tint of the hunt ui uvu thai had tm-r their loot. WisnrAi t.. The bar keeper at the Broadway Hotel, says the Cincinnati Commercial, has met with a little piece of good luck. Hy the death of bis grandfather, he has unexpectedly fallen into lands snd stock, to the amount of about ! 1011,000 Pretty good lilt for a young mail "just starting uut." American Mechanics Abroad We see an interesting account of a visit lately paid to the American contractors. Messrs. Harrison, Wi-nans and Eastwick al Alexandrofisky, six miles from St. Petersburg, Russia, by His Majesty the Empror Nicholas I. accompanied by the first men of the realm. His Majesty examined ever thing connected with the manufacture of locomotives. Eighty had been built during the year If Hi, and the establishment was turning out six locomotives and tenders every month. Hu next proceeded to the works erected by these enterprising Yankees for preparing the materials for freight and passenger cars. Here every thing was examined with tho same attention as at the locomotive department, and the beauty and efficiency of the machinery commented upon in strong terms by his Majesty, all the various operations being explained by the contractors. In this shop there are pre tared every day, five sets of wood work for the ububI size eight wheeled box cars, such as are on the Americanrailroads. He next went into the shop where the proprietors were putting together four of the usual sized eight wnpclfd ones every month, ft very thing was examined with the closest scrutiny and the highest admira tion. On the following dnv. as testimony eiC his Majes ty's satisfaction, he promoted Colonels Kraft and Mc-inhotf to the rank of Generals, and ordered the cross of St. Anne to bo conferred upon Major G. W. Whistler, Ihe American engineer, also that valuable diamond rings should bo presented to the contractors, Messrs. Harrison, Win ana and LaBtwick. The establishment of Messrs. Harrison, Winans and Kastwick employs at present 1,0120 workmen, including l,(iK) Russians, 1U1 Germans, 1(j4 H weeds, 17 En glish, and f Americans, which number embraces the whole number ot loremen and workmen. The contracts of these gentlemen embrace 102 twenty-five ton locomotives and tenders; &,:J00 iron trucks, for eight passenger cars, and ii improved cars on sixteen wheels, 80 feet long. Out of which are now finished, H)H locomotives with their tenders ; fiJOO wagon trucks; iHHi freight cars, and two passenger cars. hid. State Journal. Haii, Stobm ami Death bv LimiTifiito. On Monday, the 17th inst., below this place about ten miles, occurred one of the most tremendous hail storms ever known in this section of country. In Morgan township, Scioto county , two young men were at work in a cornfield, they seeing the storm coining up retired to a tree near by for shelter. The tree was struck by lightning, and one of them by thu name of Wm. Rankisn, and a dog were instantly killed, the other person was knocked insensible, in which situation he remained ono night and part of a day. He was, however, partially recovered We wero told by a person who saw it, that the hail after the storn in Cainpcreck township, was from two to three feet deep in the gutters and low places, on Tuesday morning. Wo also learn, that tho hail storm was so severe in Seal township, in the neighborhood of Mr. J. 11. Towner, that it killed several sheep and one cow. Vihcton Tocsin. Arotiixr CntvAssK. Wo learn from the Courier of last evening, that the levee again broke on the right bank of the Lafourche, about eight miles below this place, on the tflUh of April. The breach is about Hit) feet wide ; all hopes of stopping it have been abandoned. The Bayou, since the crevasse occurred, has fallen about one foot. The damage that will be occasioned to the planters of Terrebonne, and the small farmers in Ihe vicinity, will be immense; the latter will be compelled fo depend on the generosity of tho citizens of the parish for their sustenance during the year, as their crops, by this occurrence, have been entirely destroyed. We also learn that in the lower part of the parish, the levee has given away in more thun a dozen places. ,V. 0. Cum. Times, May 13, Tr.n Dollars Fisr ton Kissing. Among the indictments before the Sussex Oyer and Terminer last week was one against William Snyder, of Stillwater, for an assault and battery on Miss Phclie L. Allen, with intent to kiss. The offence appeared by the testimony nf Ihe young Indy to have been committed against her will. The Court charged the jury, that this having been done against the will of the young lady, it constituted an assault snd battery, of which, if they believed the testimony, they must find the defendant guilty, which they did; and the Court imposed a fine of ten dollars. The essence of the crime is said to consist in the fact that the defendant is a married man.-Newark Daily ride. A SiiAKRti Case. Yesterday was decided in our Common Pleas, the well known shaker case. It was a suit brought tor wages for 15 years service, by a se-ceder from the brotherhood, a lady who had joined them when a child. The cose was ably argued by D. Parish and B. B. Taylor, Esqrs., for the plaintiff, and Messrs. Wood and Starkweather for defendant. The jury concluded inasmuch as the plaintiff voluntarily joined the Society, knowing its rules and regulations, (which are that all proceeds of labor by any of the fraternity go into a common fund, not to be withdrawn) and had ss voluntarily left, she was not entitled to damages. Cleveland Plaindtaler. FimiTiNO Nr.oRoxs. The negro race had two representatives in the battle of Cerro Gordo. Tho Mexicans had a negro General in the engagement the other is mentioned in the following extract from the correspondence uf the Nashville Union : A free negro, a servant in the 2d Tennessee, named George, called for a musket and bravely went forwnrd in tho chsrre and fell, mortally wounded, fighting like a hero among the foremost Poor fellow, his conduct deserves particular attention. I visited the field, and among thirteen naked corpses lay this yellow boy twice wounded, now dead. Tim LirxNsx Law in Dklawarr. The Legislature of Delaware, hy enactment, recently gave tho people of tho State the priviledgo of voting for or against license to taverns, ect. Those in favor of gran ting licenses, have determined to test the constitutionally of this enactment, and have engaged as their counsel the Hon. John M. Clayton, John Wales, J sines A. Bayard, and William II. Rogers, Esqs., who arc among the most distinguished lawyers of Delaware. Lin iKSt'RAMcx. The advantage of this mode of insurance is shown in the case of Mr. Bollmeyer, who was rob bed and murdered last week near Pittsburg, lie left his family two thousand dollars, for which sum he had insured Ins life in the Ohio Mutual Insurance Company, for the term of seven years from the first of last June, ror this ho paid but $U1 one year's premium and policy fee. Txupf-rance Statistic. At a recent anniversary meeting of the American Temperance Union, in New Yory, ttie Rev. John Marsh, Chairman of the Executive Committee, said that seventy thousand American seamen had signed the pledge that five hundred distilleries had been closed in Sweden that there were l,y00,llt)0 members of Temperance Societies in Ger-many and ii.000,000 in England, Scotland and Wales, The Locofoco editors are abusing the Massachusetts Legislature for not pitning a vote of thanks to Gen. Taylor. These locofoco editors are queer creatures. They applnuded their partisan majority in the lower house of Congress for pausing a vote of censur upon Gen Taylor, and now they furiously denounce a W big Legislature for omitting to pass a vote of thanks to him ! Lou. Jour. Ohio Baptmt Stati CosvaKTios. This body met at Wooslcr on the 6th inst. and adjourned on the Wth. About 70 ministers, besides a number of lay delegates were present. The meetings were harmonious, and a large amount of business was done. John M. Gallagher, Km),, of Springfield, presided. The American Baptist Publication Society have received $ fur their last year's publications. r-muiuBT i sur.nuKits, r rtoii mi- mi ui January to the l'Jih of May exclusive, 44,'-i7 steerage passengers arrived at the (Quarantine Station, while 5','7 died on their passage during the samo period. Of those who arrived, ?!" were admitted into the Marino I lUNpUai, SOI"'"'!! " T'VI) "M WI WUUIII (IJIlJ'llTn died. The whole number admitted ints the hospital with "disease general " was 1,115. JV, F. Herald. The Washington Union says that the glories of this wnr cluster upon the brow of the President." We think that martial glories are just about as likely to cluster upon Mr. Polk's forehead as corns are to grow upon Santa Anna's wooden toes. Lou. Jour. Freeman the Gambler, who was recently so nadir " used up" by Green the Reformed Gambler in debate, has profited by Ihr discussion so much, as to be converted from tho evils of his ways, and now advertises in Philadelphia, a lecture ugaitist gambling. Four wngon loads of specie, drawn by twenty-four mules, lately left St. Louis for Santa Fe, intended to pay oft' the troops. Kaeh keg containing 1100 lbs. nt the precious metals, with the seal of the Quartermaster atlixed. Pownru Four hundred boys are now engaged at the Arsenal al Watervliet, near Albany, in the pre. pun lion of cartr.dges. The War Department have made a requisition of a million of cartridges for each month. There are now either at Point Isabel, or rn roif for Vera Ctua and Point Isabel, sixty-two companies of ; ..i' ...t . .....riu....rr. -tir, Hie it-it new n j-uiii-iun in '- i" -k -, Three Ihotmand volunleers have already been killed or died in Mexico. In the late war with England, only 1,3:14 were killed, and l,(7;i wounded. Col. Rirhard W. Thompson, one of the truest Whig and ablest men in Indiana, has received the Wing nomination lor Ihu 7th district of that State.

WEEKLY 0 0 STA HPF" OURNA JJ. VOLUME XXXVII. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 2, 1847. NUMBER 40. TIllHHDAY EVENING, May 27, 184T. Accihent. Wu regret to leorn as we do from the St. Louis Republican, oi last week, that our inena Ur. Mkhj. 8. Oi.oa, of Bloomington, Iowa, (late of Pickaway county,) was thrown from his buggy in Alton, and Mi left knee badly fractured. He was returning homo from Ohio, where he had been in attendance upon hi brother the late Josbi'H Olds, in bin lust ill liens. Strawberries. For those delicious luxuries, done up in the beat manner concoivable, commend us to Guff's where they may bo found this evening, as per advertisement. We speak experimentally, when we say his berries and cream are truly all that can be desired in that way. And spunking of strawberries: Our friend Mr. Burr, the " Strawberry King " of this region left us last evening a few specimens of three varieties of (Ac articlt. These are the Early Scarlet, an excellent, rich fruit, highly commended by Downing, and of course orthodox : Bane's Extra Early also a valuable variety; and finally, Burr's New Pine Seedling which is likely to prove a great bearer, and is of surpassing excellence and size, some of the spocimons left with us measuring inches in circumference. These specimens are favorable ones of the several varieties, and as early as is desirable. In about a week, Mr. Burr's vines will yield an abundance. Departure of Troops. For several days past, troops have been pa?aingfrom this placo to Camp Wellington, as fust bh they could be pressed into the public conveyances. On Tuesday afternoon the German company took its departure from this place. The leave-taking extended nearly through the whole 21 hours proceeding their departure. This time was devoted by them to business arrangements, parting salutations, dancing and amusements. The parting sr.cne extended from the rendezvous in the southern part of the city, to half a mile- west of Frank linton, and lasted from auinc time in the afternoon until twilight, when the Volunteers took their seats in a number of extra coachos, and moved olf, amid shouts and cheerti. Scores of wives, sisters, and sweethearts accompanied them to that oxtent on their way to Mexico. They were escorted out of town by Cnpt. Lillet's company of Volunteers, the Franklin Guards, who will follow them in a few days. Mr Cor win and his Speech. It has but rarely happened that a speech on any sub-1 ject excites so much attention as did Mr. Coiiwm's on what was called the three million bill, at the last session of Cungrcss. It was received by the country with an outburst of feeling, and was read with Wonderful avidity. The press of the country bestowed j upon it unwonted attention, and (as the manner is in such cases,) neither stinted its praise on ono side, j nor its abuse on the other. If we can conceive that suck a speech was delivered for notoriety only, there can be no denial that the object of the author wasfully attained. But if such had been the belief of those who volunteered the suggestion, it is evident that their concern would have been lens ; they would not j willingly have given tho author the effectual aid of j their abuse. The speech was one that excited their apprehension. They labored to characterize its literature as of the 4t nightmare" school, and to treat it with ridicule; but their smiles while doing so were good deal awry. Their laughter instead of finding its way to the open air in cheerful shouts, receded from tha lips and grumbled like a cholic through the intestinal canals. They hung out the signs of an elaborate grin, but it was like the grin of one who braces liim elf for a surgical operation. Whether the ground taken by Mr.Conwm, should in the opinion of the country, turn out to be right or wrong, his sentiments were manly ; they were uttered with the boldness and courage of a man; and his speech had power. There was a feeling in the coun. try more or less general, ready to respond to it. This is the real tame of tho partisan abuse which Mr. Cur-win's good fortune drew upon him. His life has exhibited many instances of signal good fortune ; but it may well bo doubted, if he ever before had the good fortuno to enlist the services of so many enemies in his behalf. The speech and the occasion have passed. Time enough has transpired to correct first impressions on both sides ; and we propose to bestow somo attention upon it, to see whether it really deserves the position assigned to it. To see whether it is likely to live in public estimation or is merely ephemeral. Here it will be inquired whether we intend to write an article to hear upon the subject of the next 'residency. No ! decidedly no. We are aware that during the short time of Mr. Corwin's service in the Senate of the United States, he has acquired such a positiun that he has Wen extensively thought of for the Chief Magistracy of the Union. But the tendency is towards the selection of a military man, and unless this war shall be protracted until the laurels won in it shall have become stale, nud connected with unpleasant associations, it is probable that no man in civil lifo will st d id much chance. The country has become so tired of pusillanimous conduct in that high office, that people seem dipnsed to make sure of at least tumt high qualities, by selecting a man of courage that has been proven in the faco of danger, and that has signalized itself in gaining battles. What is to inure of all this, time alone can determine. But for Mr. Corwin we claim a boiler fate than to be elected President of the United Stales. We claim for him tho boon of an honorable fame. This ho has both the genius and courage to secure. Beyond this, must depend upon circumstances not to be foreseen, and about which it is not worth while to feel much concern. Should the next President bo selected from the ranks of civil life, the time has not yet arrivrdto make the selection. It is wholly without reference to that, therefore, that we sneak of Mr. CnHWM and his speech. It has not dud. It has given its author a distinguished position among our public characters, and is yet the theme of large portions of our population. It was our intention to have given a review of this speech, and by liberal extracts to have shown how far it will hear a comparison with the productions of iif celebrated authors ; but this article is already too much extended. The speech has that within it which wa lovo to admire, and lies at the bottom of all eloquence, an earnest and impassioned adtwary of what Ac hftitredto he ntmiT, against all odds and in the face of all opposition. There is not to be found in it any of tho sneaking arts of a vote-hunter. It is courageous and manly throughout, and marks tho man for a high order of public service. Should opportunity favor wa muy recur to the subject. leather too VnU The Loenfocofi, it is said, claim that Massachusetts Is going over to the administration, to givo "aid and comfort" to Mr. Polk. Tho only proof they adduce is, that the Legislature of that State refused a vote of thanks to Gen. Taylor. This falls short of Mr. Polk s views, by a long shot, fits friends paused a vote of tensurt in Congress, and tried to supersede the old General. Massachusetts does not find fault with Gen eral Taylor, nor abuse him; but looks upon the war as at best a poor concern, and does not see much in it to be thankful for. While Massachusetts refuses to abuse Gen. Taylor, there can be no sympathy hetweun her and Mr. Polk. Massachusetts, is Massachusetts still and so she will always be. The Locos had as Well not count their chickens before they are hatched Capital of Ohio Hnilronds. We are gratified at noticing on the part of our fel low ciliiuns of Columbus, and of central Ohio generally, movements on the subject of Railroads. For this is the subject of the day ; and wo rejoice that at ,length tho right spirit is aslir. The wealth and enterprise of the Capital, though heretofore somewhat tardy in matters of this kind, arc bring roused to the accomplishment of important works ; works alike useful (and permanently so,) not only to (his city but to the great majority of the Stale. The surveys of the railways to connect us with Cincinnati, are, we understand, nearly completed ; and when done, the Directory will promptly make a election of the route and as promptly put a portion of that road, if not the whole, under contract. In the mean time, measures are in progress to raise the necessary subscriptions and funds, to mako the Railroad from this to the Ohio River, to connect with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. This is destined to be the GRKAT CENTRAL RAILROAD, passing through the richest and most populous parts or Ohio, inter-see ting most of the important pulilia improvements of the State, and in direct line with the trade and travel of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. It is destined to he tho grand avenue with which other Improvements in the West must necessarily connect While it recommends itself to the capitalist, as ottering means of a safe and profitable investment, it will In an important degree aid the business, and replenish the revenues of the principal Canals of the Slate, instead of diverting business and pro tits from them. Such is the judgment of men most competent to form correct opinions upon the sunject. Success to the Cknthal Railroad of Ohio! Distinguished Mkxicans. The Locofocos insist that all public men who do not believe in the justice and necessity of the war, are the same as so many Mexicans. Well, then, the following arc the names of a few distinguished Mexicans in this country : Martin Van Buren, Silas Wright, John C. Calhoun, Thomas II. Benton ! For the Ohio State Journal, Mn. Thrall : Some time since I saw a statement to the effect that Gen. Taylor had received no dis patch from tho War Department since last full, and I have never seen or heard this disputed, although some doubts. have been expressed by many, Be this as it may, this much is certain, that Gen. Tayi.oh Imb been ill treuled by tho administration, to an unpnrdonahle extent. And of this wo want no better authority than the evidence of one of his own troop, who, writing to his friend, says " Oen. Taylor is by no meant well ; he has been harassed beyond measure, aud nrg. lecled by Government ; who have not, by universal belief here, answered even his dispatches of the last battle !" ile who could fuce everything, not danger and death merely, but can stand before tho corrupting influences of prosperity with a self-denyingcomposure never yet equalled : lie who could make such patriotic sacrifices of political sentiments of the use of his rare gifts of fortune : He is to be harassed" into ill health by the ingratitude of those to whom his efficient labors have been of the most service 1 ile is to bo slighted, unnoticed, unassisted, even paralized in the field, and abused at home by the organ of thoso in the exercise of power; from whom, although they have taken pains to chagrin those long in their country's service by neglecting to reward recent services and superseding thein by the appointment of inferior and inellicient men, together with many other notorious acts, displaying equal wisdom ! Yet even from them irajr to have been expected treatment somewhat different towards Gen. Taylor. Yours, tfce. The Into Senator Speight. The Mississippi papers have announced tho lamentable decease of the lion. Jy.nnr. Hi'kiokt, a Senator tn Congress from that State. An attack of erysipelas about the close of the last session detained him in this city some weeks, and he was imperfectly recovered when he set out on his return home. Mr. S. formerly represented in thu limine uf Representatives for a considerable time the, Ncwbern district of North Car. oliim, of which State he was a native. Jlo was a man of vigorous mind, and a conscientious, generous, and honorable one. ile was of the Democratic party, but of moru conservative views than actuate the multitude of that parly ; and he possessed the merit of thinking for himself, anil of disregarding the dictates of party when they conflicted with his views of duty to his country and to society, llo died in the meridian of lite, and we regard his demise, at Ibis moment, as a serious Ions to his State nud to the National Councils ; the more so, as ho was a gentleman tho range of whose attainment! and the elevation of whose mind had kept pure with his years from tho moment of his entry into public life. Ant. Intel. Correspondonre of the National Intelligencer. From tho City of Nuw York. Nkw York, Mav Sift, I 17. Tiir Ship Fever. The alarm in consequence of the appearance of this fatil disease in our city is increasing. It in reported that there are cases of it in almost every Ward, not only among the immigrants, whose systems are predisposed fur it on board thu crowded vessels which bring them in such throngs to our shores, but many of our citizens are aUo attacked, and some nre dying with it. Dr. Van Ri;jiki, a grandson of Ex President Van Iluren, Assistant Physician at the Bellevne Hospital, died of this feveryesterday ; and Dr. Kr.l.t.v, another physician at the same hospital, is reported sick with it. Dr. Van Buren was about twenty-three yean of age, and was shortly to be married to a young lady of this city. It is stated that within the last three days nearly a hundred immigrants, ick with the ship fever, have been removed from (be Almshouse to Bellevuc Hospital. This state of things, with the warm wether jut opening upon us, and the crowds of immigrants still increasing, may well produce a feeling of anxiety among our citizens. Of the forty-five thousand steerage passengers who hud arrived hero this spring, up to Tuesday last, eleven hundred and fifteen have been admitted into the hospitals, about eight hundred of them having tho ship fever. Accident. Mr. Peter Curry, a house carpenter, was killed yesterday by the falling of a heavy piece of timber, while at work on tin new shops now being built in the Penitentiary. The workmen were throwing down some of the burned timber from tho old building, when Mr. Curry unfortunately stepped out of the lower part just as they hnd Ihruwn one otf. It was a very heavy stick, and killed him instantly, lie has left a wife and four children to mourn his loss. Mat t$ man. Politics or Tim Ghf.at States, Sinre the commencement of tho war against Mexico, by Mr. Pol It, elections have been holdcu for MouiIhts of Congress in our four Urgent 8 in ten, with the following result, compared with that ot the previous election : IH1G. Ir47. Whigs Hem, Whigs J)rtn. New York i;t til $1 11 Pennsylvania V-i l'J 17 7 Ohm 7 14 Jl ID Virginia 1 J 4 (j 0 W 61 H7 U7 Cleveland Herald Divorckh Common Pleas, last week, uncoupled twenty Kilkenny pairs, Judge Monro presiding, like another Khadiimanthus. It would Ira a Bad contrast to " marriage notices " to add this list of the divorced, with the causes thereof. One case was mentioned, where a couple hail been besieging the courts for thirteen years now tho husband, then the wife but hitherto inetfectually. A family of six children had In-en growing up under the in line rice of the domestic turmoil all occasioned by drunkenness of the father. 1 he l ourt decreed alimony to the wile. frilHI of which in M days the ellV-ct being, if thu decree is enforced, to sweep away the husband's real estate, valued at .1,000. ihu law is a rushing oilair. Cm- cinnati Signal, Railroad Lr.TTno. The Newark Advocate of Saturday last, announces (hat contrncts for gradmg'JH miles of the l ake Erie and Columbus Railroad, extending from Newark towards Mt. Vernon, have been entered into. The Advocate adds, that the bidding was spirited, tho contractors all responsible men, and the contracts taken below the estimates. We learn that the holders of contracts will shortly he at work upon thein. Three cheers for the South end of our Railroad ! When shall wo have the opportunity of giving three cheers for the commencement of that part of our road lying between this place and Mansfield ? Mt, I'trttun Tunes. Bra Towkmiip aoaisst tiik Statu. Mr. James Dirkey, of Kern lownnhip in this county, has now in bis possession scalp some two ninnths old, which, for size, is far ahead of anything wo have ever teen. Home idea may be formed of the animal when wo stale that at tho time of its hirth it weighed l'2 pounds! Its limits are very large full as large as the average calves when one year of age and well proportioned in every respect. We shall dub it the " banner calf." .Ifhms Mrtsensrrr. 11i.iont Cot nt v. Our population isaboiTCiy.OflO. few counties in Ohio have tlm resources furnished at our hands, when we consider our fertile soil, our beds of coal, sund stone and lime. With proper eitlh vatmn we can raise ns easily 1,000,0011 bushels of wheat as we now do (100,000. Our tuhaecu crops run to about J,00O,0O0 lbs. annually, and there are raised a largn number of horses, entile and hogs, for market. Our fruit growers send grafts and trees to all parts of the South, and Western Stales, and our markets on tho river, aud at home, consume vast amount of poultry, fruit, beef, pork, Hour, Ac. The (turners are doing welt, and with energy and skill will, continue pros-preous. As they succeed, so do the merchants, mechanics and professional men. Hut no class is o truly independent as farmers, out of debt ; or, if in debt. so as to see the way clear before them. Long may peace and plenty abide amoiijr Hie iianty ami industri ous cultivators of the soil. St. Clairsnlle Gaz. BoMKTHisn Sianui. AR. Some days since a plough man laboring on the farm of ',. Lindley, Ksq., in Alexander township, Athens county, turned up at the depth of the furrow, some 8 or Ml goouc eggs, which, on breaking, were found to be apparently as fresh and sound as the day they were layed. But that which is most singular about the matter is, that the field whom the eggs were found is sward ground, and had not previous to this time hern ploughed lr somo ten or I i lice ii years, .Mm Mfssmger. The Hogs of Ireland, which occupy nearlyone-seventh of the entire surface, contain an amount of fuel estimated to be equal to four hundred snd eighty millions of tons of con) ; and worth, at live shillings thu ton, no less than iil'JO,tmii,imo sterling. Handy akd Bkavkr Canal. -The work on this canal is rapidly progressing, and lilt miles, from New Lisbon to the Ohio river, is now open for navigation The line from New Lisbon to Bohvnr, a distance of some (h nub's, will be open aud ready lor navigation by about the AUi vl July. From the National Intelligencer, May '.if. Mr. Webster, With his family, arrived at Augusta, Georgia, on Monday evening laut. They were met at tho railroad depot in Hamburg by tho Augusta committee of reception, and escorted to their lodging ot Washington Hall. The Augusta Chronicle of Wednesday gives the following account of the proceedings of Tuesday : Kkcrptioh of Mu. Weustrr. In accordance with the previous arrangement of the committee, Air. Webster was escorted from his lodgings to the City Hull yesterday morning a little after ten o'clock, where ho was introduced to the citizens assembled, and in their behalf welcomed to tho city of Augusta, by Charles j . jenmns, tisq, j largo anu imputing ww-iinuy ui ladies aud gentlemen were present to do honor to the distinguished statesman, orator and patriot. The address of Mr. Jenkins was marked with that beauty, elegance and good taste so characteristic of him. It was full of tint hearty cordiality towards the illustrious visitor which the assembly felt towards him, and thus appropriately and truly represented their feelings. We regretted to perceive that Mr. Webster was evidently luboiing under indisposition. Ho reached the city in rather feeble health, having suffered considerably from tho effects of cold and probably fatigue. In the brief remarks which ho made in lettponic to Mr, Jenkins1 address, he displayed the classic taste and purity of style fur which he is so much distinguished, ile expressed his gratification at his visit, his cordial reception, and spoke of the happy relations which should ever exist between tho people of the various sections of the Union. Tito allusions of Mr. Jenkins to the services of Mr, We lister, and tho warm and cordial welcome which he gave him, elicited tho enthusiastic applause of the numerous assembly, as did also the remarks of the distinguished visiter in reply. After the address of Mr. Jenkins and response of Mr. Webster, the assembly dispersed, A number of ladies aud gentlemen called at the Washington flail to pay their respects to Mr. and Mrs. Webster. We regret to state that Mr. Webster's health was such that it was necessary fr him to retire to his room after leaving the City Hall. Henco many who called were disappointed in seeing him, and a greater numbur still did not call alter hearing of his indisposition. We regret to add, further, that owing to the state of his health he was not able to partake of the complimentary dinner which had been prepared for hiin. That was participated in, however, by a largo number of gentlemen of the city, and from a distance, many of whom hud been invited to be present. We shall have it in our power, we Imp, to report an account of the proceedings at the Hall aud tho dinner more fully to-morruw. Jly the Chronicle of tho 2ilth, wo am glad to find that, although Mr. Webster's indisposition hud been somewhat severe, ho was better. The Chronicle says: " It affords us very great satisfaction to stale that up to a late hour last evening, Mr. Webster wan better than he hd been throughout the day. Confined as he is to his room, it is uncertain when he will be able to prosecute his journey to other places and sections which ho intended to visit. His indisposition is the source of universal regret, as his speedy restoration to health is the universal desire." From the Cincinnati Chronicle. Mexico Do as you would be Done By The world can ftcver be at pence, nor the Govern- inentn of the world ever stable, nor mankind ever happy, till the principle of Jus n x among nitions and men shall be adopted. What is justice ? The New Testa ment furnishes the principles, in tho simplest ami puni est language. Do unto others as tjua would thai oth ers shtiuiit an unto you. Wu are reminded of this by the following passage from a letter of Gov. Shannon, which we find in the Cincinnati uazette : Should Gen. Scott defeat Santa Anna in his pre sent, position, and disperse It's army, which I think is more than prohaole, the presumption is that a proposition will be made by tho Mexican Government to negotiate. That proposition will be accepted by our Government; but wilt it result in peace? On this point I havo great doubts. Our Government will de sire and insist on Mexico ceding a portion of her territory to us. I doubt whether Mexico will agree to this. Before 1 left that country, 1 became satisfied mat mere was noi money enough on the continent oi America to purchase from Mexico any portion of her territory. They are a proud as well as a foolish poo-pie, who look upon a cession of any part of her terri- ,ory as dishonorable and treasonable, i umie opinion in this country demands of tho administration to in sist, and they, no doubt, will insist nu a cession of ter ritory. Unless a great change has taken place in Mexico on this subject, since I left there, she will never agree to a peace on the terms we propose, and which public opinion in this country demands. Here is a man who has been Governor of Ohio, and yet does not seem to have an idea that there is such a thing as justice or equity in ttie world ; or that, it there be, lliey should tic regarded 1 He seems to think we must insist upon taking Mexican territory, though we have no earthly right to it, and although the consequences of insisting upon it should be perpetual icir, a perpetual standing army, and a perpetual public debt! Gov. Shannon belongs to a very numerous clans of political men, who never ask themselves what tn right, but only wirtl is opinion. To thein the Constitution of the ("luted States is obliterated, Public Justice has no existence, and to them there is no government and no nation but a llmting mob. They have now come to a point where their influence and their policy is to be tested. This Mexican War is not a bubble to be blown away by the breath of a Demagogue nor an April shower, whose consequences perish in a day. It is a great question, of sir tat momtnt. The pnuple know it and feel it. It limit bo met, and fairly met. Wh.it is to be doner 1 ho simplest ot all simple things. Do justice aud love mercy; Do unto others as you would they should do unto you. Whero is the man in Ohio who will consent to cede our territory though the armies of France and Kuglatid should be in Columbus ! Governor Shannon says that tho Mexicans aro " proud and foolish." Why? Because they will not content to cede us their territory ! Are not the poo-plo of Ohio just as proud aud foolish as that? Did our Revolutionary ancestors consent tu cede away their territory, when every State and Lny in the country was in the possession of British troops? Never. Has hitman nature totally ohanged in Mexico ? Gov. Shannon says that Public opinion demands the cession of Mexican territory.' Public opinion does no such thing. Guv. Shannon is very much nnstuken. The entire Whig parly aro opposed to the cession of a square toot, beyond ttie uu u ran tie, except a small parallelogram on the coast ot the t actile, m California. A largo part of the Democratic party are nlso opposed to it, except on acondition, to which the other portion oi tne party will not consent mo negation of Slavery in the conquered territory. Taken either with or without provisos, an unquestionable majority of the people of tho United Slates arc opposed to the acquisition of Mexican territory. How are wo to know public opinion r How is tne Administration to know it? In the whole political history of the United States, there (icrrr has occurred a change against an idminiftratian or a party so great, as that winch has occurred against the President and his party, since the march ot Uen. nyior on tne mo u ramie! we challenge thein to show an instnneu in which public opinion was more strongly manifested against the policy or an Administration : 1 lie Congress ot H4.i -ti commenced its sessions with more than sirtn ma jority for tho President and Cabinet. On Hie 1st May, 147, mo elections in seventeen a laics nad destroyed the wholo majority ; and there is no reason to behcie thai the summer elections will be in any way different. Tho local elections have been tho same. Iowa, a new State, had a Wing majority. Kven old Virginia, almost without an rllort, sends a Whig majoniy to ui ouiy urnucii oi mu i.rgiiuiuro wniclt Could be changed 1 Can there be any mistake in ttiese indications n public opinion? ' Is it Hot perfectly notorious that during this entire period the Whig press and the Whig speakers have declared their opposition to the acquj. sition of conquered territories ? The people of the United States havo tolerated demagogues in their fantastic tricks, while the issues The Descendants of Lafayette The patriotism of tho illustrious friend of Washington is descending undiluted to his successors. His son, George Washington Lafayette, who inherits the name of one and the virtues of both his namesakes, has long held and still holds a seat among the Liberal members of the French Chambers of Deputies, and at the last election his eldest son, Odcar, having scarcely become eligible by arriving at the age of 30, was elected a Deputy to the same Chamber by the District of Meanx, tho samo that bis grandfather, the General, formerly represented. The contest was an active one, his antagonist aud predecessor being a Ministerial candidate, sustained by powerful interests but veneration for tho memory of tho grandfather, the gratitude of hia old constituents, the opinion of the people, and we may presume tho merit of the candidate, have prevailed over all obstacles ; and now his son sits by the sido of his father, on the same opposition bench, where he sat so long by the side of his father tho old General. In all this there would seem to be, in both representatives and constituents, examples of steadfastness and fidelity not always to be found in tho political annals of countries reputed the most republican and free. Tribune. Virginia Election The Sheriffs of the Fourth District met on the 17th inst., and gave Thomas S. Bocnck (Loco ) tho certificate that ho was elected to Congress by 3 votes, A letter from Appomattox says : Mr. Irving contests the election. Such is the unanimous wish of thu Whigs of the District. An examination of all the polls on both sides hus been made, and success in the contest is regarded as certain. The Lynchburg Virginian understands that Mr. Tedway (Loco) will not contest tho election of Mr. Flournoy, (Whig) whosft true majority is 59 instead of 1 as oliicially reported the votes at one of the precincts in Patrick, which gave Mr. F. 5H majority, having been thrown out, improperly, by thu Sheriff of that county, in consequence of the omission to qualify thu Commissioners. Mnjor Guinea and Pnrty. The following dignified letter of remonstrance from Major Gaines and fellow otlicers, prisoners in the castle of Santiago, Mexico, to Gen. Santa Anna, we copy from the New Orleans Commercial Times, of the 15th inst: Castle of St, Jaoo, (City of Mexico,) ) March 21, lrt-17. j To his Excellency, General Santa Jlnna; Slit: The undersigned, officers in the army of tho United States of America, respectfully statu to your Excellency that they, together with their respective commands, consisting of seventy-one persons in all, became prisoners of war to the Mexican He public at the Hacienda Lncarnacion, on the ii'M of January last. On that morning, before daylight, we found ourselves entirely surrounded by a largo force say three thousand men and, about sunrise, a white flag approached us on one side, and a considerable force on another; we required that the troops should retire, precedent to our receiving tho Hag, which being complied with, the flag approached and a surrender demanded. We took one hour to determine whether we would entertain a proposition of tho kind or not; at the expiration of the hour the flag returned and was answered that wo would hear a proposition, and wero told that General Minon would send a major to our camp, while ono of our number of equal rank should rcpiirtohis headquarters and hear his otl'or. This being done, Major Borland entertained the officer sent in, whilst Major Gaines rode out to the General, had a conference of about one hour with him, returned to the hacienda, and, in the presence of an interpreter on each side, stated the terms offered, which were accepted ; and, between 11 and V4 o'clock, wo surrendered ns prisoners of war. The terms were, that the General himself should receive the sword of our comminder ; that public prop. rty siiouui Iju surrendered; and private property should be respected ; and that the best treatment in very particular, known amongst civilized nations to prisoners oi war, should be ours. Ihe General, when asked to reduce these terms to writing, gave us the most positive assurances that his word of honor was worth more than three or four signatures, and that, unless his agreement was fully carried out. he would abandon the service of his country. On our journey to this city, we had the gratification to meet your L'xcclleiicy ; and, after stating to you the terms of our capitulation, received the pleasing assurance that they should be complied with. 1 lie object oi this note is to complain to the Head of the Mexican Republic, that, so far from the terms of our capitulation having been complied with, we have been frequently subjected to the most grievous aeprivHiions, and that we have retrained from making our protest hitherto, in consequence of the unhappy dissensions said to exist in the capital which, being now fortunately adjusted, as we aro informed, we most respectfully call your attention to our condition. w e torhear, at this tune, from entering into ttie par ticulars of our complaints, and bug leave to refer your excellency to tien. l, Vega, who has lately been a prisoner of war in the United States, (but who has not honored us with any notice whatever,) for the manner in which prisoners of war aru treated in our coun- "7; There is, however, one complaint which we owe to ourselves to call your immediate altcu ion to. Wo are informed that wen. Mmon, in reporting our capture to his government, alleges tint we surrendered at discretion, and that we owe our lives to the nng-uanimity of tho Mexican Republic. Against such a statement we enter our solemn protest; and declare that, the terms of our surrender being accurately stated in the foregoing part of this note, anything inconsistent thereto is unfounded in fact. Hoping that a peace between tho two Republics shall speedily he made, upoa terms equally hunorsblo to both, we subscribe ourselv.'s, xour most obedient servants, fStgncd 1 John P. Games, Maj. Ky. Reirt. of Cavalry, U. 8. A. Solon Borland, do Ark. do t'Sssms M Clay, ('apt. Ky. do C. C. Danley, do Ark. do G. R. Davidson, lid Lt. Ky. do do do do do do, do, do, Ireland. Tho weather has of late underdone a favorable change. Vegetation is making rap.d progress. The accounts of the wheat ami oat crops are highly encouraging ; and even in rcg,ml to potatoes very luvor-able accounts are received. The smaller class of far mers, who have suffered so terribly by tho destructive failures of last year, are plucking up courage to try their favorite root once more. The early spring planting of potatoes had been confined to the large farmers and gentry, who could afford to make experiments, but within the last week the small farmers are also venturing. Thu Newry Telegraph says: Tho planting of potatoes is quite general in tins part of the country, several of the more extensive farmers havirg Urge breachs of land laid down for that purpose. The early planted are exhibiting tho most gratifying promise of a large and abundant crop, the young plants coming up strong and vigorous, as in the inoit favorable seasons." Tho accounts from other districts am similar. Whether for good or evil, there will be an extensive potato culture this year. Probably the amount planted will be about the fourth part of the crop of ordinary years. On the yith ult., deputations from the city of Cork and some public bodies proceeded to Cove, to present ntldn sscs to Capt. Forbes, of the United Statessloop-of-war, Jamestown, which had broiighta relief cargo, valurd at 1 1,001). Capt Forbes, inIiis reply, exprt ss-ed Ihe necessity of " raising the moral standard of the people." In Ins reply to the city of Cork address, he ays: 'Yoii know, gentlemen, that in America we have no " tower orders, in a moral point ot view, unless they be imported, and that they are nt long permitted to live as they were wont to do at home, they are obliged, by the social custonii and civil laws, to do their shuro of thu common weal." It was determined at a meeting in Cork on the Sillh ult , at which Lord Bernard, M P., presided, that Ihe cargo of the Jamestown should be dutrihuted amongst th,- ten unions of the county, according tu thr extent of populatiuli and great magnitude, as wise men leave chil prevalence of distress in each, wero of no dren tn pursue their sports when there is no great dinner. Hut, Iiko pruuent parents, mey win uiHe care of this atlair for themselves, or they will never have another to lake care of. By conquering territory they will incur, as they havo done, the political necessity of iiiaintiiiniiig great standing armies, and of creating great public debts curses of which F.urope has lisd the bitter experience, and than which no greater connected with government can be inflicted on anation. Rr.Ai. Pi;nt.iHiiitn Tho U. S. Gazette sirs, that in Massachusetts, the law requires the parties before marrying to be published that is, their intentions of miirnngo shall bo announced in church, three successive public days, or rise posted in some puhlin place lor two or three weens. i no press, nowever, mis, taken advantage of the provisions of the law, and we j now see in one of the Boston papers, a notice of those who intend marriage, lt is a terrible tune when a! mail cannot go a courting, nor a girl get a swrotlieait, without having the alluir find its way into the newspapers.Orn NxtIohai. Al Mo!i:ns. Up to the Tuesday before the sailing of the last steamer front r.iiglaiid, the total quantity of provisions consigned front America to the Central Relief Committee of the Society of Friends in Ireland, for the poor, was l!l,Nt(i barrels of meal, 10 1!7 bushels of corn, li1 barrels ol peas and beam, and a number of nates of clothing. Title Canai.. The breach occasioned in the Canal, near Camp creek, by the storm on the 17th inst , hns been rrpnired, aud the big ditch ia again in good nt-der. httlicotht Gaietie, Among the unlavorsble features of tho accounts from Ireland the prospect of a neglect of llax cultivation may be re glided as serious, inasmuch as the annual products of this branch of industry are ununlly estimated at JC'.'OlHKlMIO. The price of seed has greatly fallen, although supplies aru low in consequence of no shipments having been made from the U. Stales, wheneo the export generally averages WHH1 tierces; and dealers allege tri .it they have never known o limited a demand. This appears to have arisen not so much from the paralysis which bus prevented a large portion of the people from attending to cultivation uf any kind, as from the fact of the high price of wheat having tempted those who are still disposed tn exert themselves to devote their means to an increased production of that article, and thus to discontinue their ordinary produce. It is to be leared, however, that tins will prove a mistake, The Northern Whig states that the potatne blight has re-appeared in the neighborhood of Belfast. Mr. Smith O Brien bus sent a letter to the Free man's Journal, repenting his accusation of "a Whig Alliance between the tit onnells and the Govern ment, lie asks Mr. J. Ot ouuell to deny that'lhey solicited situations from Government for themselves and friends. Grir La Vrox If certain authority, which is entitled to ihe belief of the limst incredulous, run be credited, there is reason in the supposition that Gen. La Vega will return to New Orleans tit complete, or rather re-commence an agreeable little romance in private life ; the prosecution of which to a Imppy consummation, was interrupted by ihe gallant General's release front captivity, sonic months ago. So saith the Couiier des 10 tut Uins. Oregon RmiKrution Indiun Fib'ht. The St. Louis Republican publishes the following extract of a letter dated St. Joseph, Mo., May 7lh, The town is crowded with emigrants for Oregon now crossing tho Missouri river. Upwards of three hundred wagons have crossed at this place, and more are crossing daily. One hundred wagons from Illinois will be here to-morrow. From present appear ances, 1 should not be surprised if five hundred wagons crossed the Missouri at St. Joseph. A large number are also crossing at Iowa Point. It is impossible, at this time, to make an estimate of the number that will cross here and at the crossings above. I hey are rendezvousing at the Iowa Mission, and will" take up their line of march " about the 15th of this month, when tho entire company will leave. The emigra tion from this place has been doublo what it was last year, and should it increase, in a very few years Oregon will be peopled. A gentleman trom Council Bluns. yesterday, re ports a fight between the Ottos and Sioux Indians. r ive ot tne Ottos had been on a hunt, and were over taken by a small party of the Sioux, and four of them scalped. One of the party (a squaw) threw herself in tho rivor, and succeeded in making her escape to the Ottos' encampment. A party of thu Ottos a small band of tho Out a haws joining them immediately went in pursuit of the Sioux, and soon got on their trail and pursued them to a grassy swamp, where they had taken refuge. They immediately fired it, and as they made their appearance shot thein down and scalped them. They scalped eight of tho Sioux, a small parly having left before the Ottos and Oma-hawas cnuie up. A portion of the Mormons are making arrangements to leave this spring. You are aware that 'i'Mi went out as pioneers on the IHth of March last, from the encampment at the Bluffs. They are getting on well. they went prepared tn put in a crop, and will await thu arrival of the main body in thu lull. They are all destined for California. Tho War and the Costs of tho War The following estimates ot the loss and gain of the war is from a late letter from Washington to the New xorx iieruid. Tho American forces occupy territories of the enemy comprehending an area of 8()U,U00 square miles, equal to fifteen such divisions of territory as thu Statu of rtew lorn. The active American force in tho field, over all this vastcxpansc of territory, has not exceeded at any time, a sum total of IIO.OOO men. By a rough estimate, the losses of the Americans in the numerous fights and nkiriimhca have been, perhaps not less than thefollowing: In the operations around Matainoras in kill ed and wounded , ono men. At Monterey fillO At lluena Vista rJOU 11 In incidental skirmishing within the line of Taylor's operations 200 " In the operations in New Mexico, killed and wounded In California At Vera Cruz and neighborhood..., At Alvarado in the attack of Com. Conner, say In the attack of Capt. Hunter At Cerro Gordo, including the inarch there, 500 200 y.'o Ol) 10 00 Total killed and wounded.. Died of the climate ....n.nio ...,y,.)00 Total 6,:io comprehending tho killed and wounded, and the dead from disease on the side of the Americans. On Ihe other hand, wu think wo may safely set down the Mexican losses at three to one in killed in wounded, as the average, in all the battles and skinniahes with our troops in every quarter; so that their aggregate losn may bo reasonably set down at 10,000 men, an offset to the U,iH0 of the Ainericuus in tho foregoing In the Gulf, the United States have lost two ves sels of war, and perhaps not less than fifty transport vessels oi an kiikis, irom tne northers and the coral reels, equivalent to a loss of ft' 000.000. The aggregate expenses of the war up to this date, regular and irregular, ordinary and extraordinary, w ith a valuation upon every thing expended or lost, except upon thu bravo men who have died in the enemy's country, or from wounds or disutilities incurred in the service, will cover an item ot 1)0,000,000 of which we may set down Jft.",,)HiO,0if0 to expenditures in the enemy's country, and for purchases of mules, provisions, &c., and hire of laborers and mule drivers of the Mexicans cqilll, let us assume to the citizens of Mexico disposing of these articles, to a clear profit of three million!, deducting first cost aud the portion disposed of under the law of contributions. This data will indicate, in part, the losses of the war the gains have yet to be designated, estimated anil acquired. Mexico of the two, we suspect, though she may lose half her terrirory, will, in the end, be the great gainer ot the two. ' Devoted" Duyton. If any one wishes to see Dayton in all its unsurpas-sible beauty; now is the season to visit it. Tho ge nial warmth of Spring, and the bright May sun. has ciotneu me irees sna suruimcry witn a luxuriant loli- nge. Kvery thing looks bright and beautiful : and gay and lively. '1 he other evening we took a buggy ride around the city, and visited every Quarter. We were perfectly delighted with the appearance of things, anu came to me conclusion lor the JOOOth time, that we nave uio pretiest tntana town, out ol doors. In every section of the citv on everv street, and in almost every siiuare. new and substantial buildmcs if every description are being put up. Upon the busi ness streets the handsomest emboli ihmcnts aro being udded tu the shops and stores, in the way of making "pen ironis, snn aoung snow windows. The bun ness men on I bird street have been particularly in- iltislrioits and public-spirited in this respect. The new Court House is rearing its ninjestic form upon the cor ner oi i mru and .Mam, and will soon present an un posing appearance. It will he one of the most magnificent buildings in the Slat-, when completed mere is a spirit ol industry, enterprise and activ ity in our energetic population, which will always mane ay ion go ancau in spite ot late. i ranstnpt, Con quest of Territory. I lie annexed article trom the New York Globe (a Loc'ifoci) paper high in the confidence of it partv.l is an open avowal by the Adininislarlion party that the ronipiext of Mexican territory is the object of the vwr. iu'iimiiw uiiiii uiscianneu in some quarters, nut it is avowed in others, and we think the weight of evidence with the avowal. Tho extract is according to me ik-hi lurmuiaoi mis progressive psrty. Count lent of territory, for the mere sake of eon quest, ii incompatible with the safety ot arenuhlie: large standing armies are dangerous; our intent is to maao peace with .Mexico to gtre to her a mild and just government, and honest civilians in the adminis tration to send out of the country every ambitious cniensin w oittiand tho whole army to call on all the Mexican States to organize State Governments anu esiatuisn a militia to place lier on tho same footing as our Slate and Federative system ; but the Mex icans will not permit it ; and here is the ombarassmcnt of our position. If we make a treaty with ono party, Ihu other will violate it ; if wo withdraw our armies to-day, to-morrow we may be compelled to recall them There appears to be no other course left us to pursuo than to retain possession oj what its hare eomuered to open the ports under a reasonable tanlf to indemnify ourselves for the expenses of the war to take passrstitm of the mininff districts to restore confidence to deveioH tho immense resources of that country, iu u-avu eveuisio lane care oi themselves. Tremendous Kiiius. Tho L'bnnon Star of the Jlst, says: Wo were visited iti Monday last with one of the severest rains the "oldest inhabitant" hero has known for forty years. It poured down in immense water spouts, and the deludge of water, we have no doubt, for the tune nemg, was lully equal to Ihr Iniunus rain-storm in the days of Noah. For an hour and a quarter, the "windows of heaven " were opened, during which time every streot was reverted into a torrent, filling the cellars in the lower part ol the town, and completely overllowing the gardens. Tnrllrcreek rose to an upre-cedenfd height, and from its head to its mouth car ried away all the fencing in its range. The bottoms adjacent tn it, in low situations, were inundated and tne growing crops destroyed. Many cattle and hogs were drowned. The highlands, and the cmps of corn, oats and wheat on their slopes, were greatly injured, in many instances. The soil was washed away and lull sides cut up into gutters ami ridges, Farmers with wniim we have conversed, an- ot the opinion, that not one thin) of the corn was tell standing. It will lie neeessnry for them to replant, which will in-vol vp considerable labor and expense and much retard the business of the season. In many localities the fall of hail was very great It was fimnd on the ground the next day in largo quan tities. In the vicinity of Rulgevillc, Red Lion and Union Village, the rain was moderate. Tn r MotiMoss. The probability now ii that a large part of the population in California will soon be Mormon. But even there, as here, they seem to be subject to differences and divisions. The ('nht'orniasnys : There has lieen, it seems, an irreconcilable spirit among the Mormonn at San Francisco. Tne result of llns explosion will be to throw them into different parts of California. Fnii'.Hhs. The Philadelphia U S Gairtte of yesterday says: Wu understand that the members of Ihe Society of Friends belonging to the yearly meeting held list week in the Cherry and Green street houses, hae contributed in money and provisions ucnrly On thousand doll tin tor the relict o the milter eis in Ireland." Extracts From the communication of the Hon. Louis M'Lankio iib atacKhotaers of tho Baltimore and Unto natiroaa Company, April tth, 1H47. " Then consider the connection hot we on Baltimore and Cincinnati via: Fishing creek on the line through Zaneavillo, Columbus and Xenia the onlv lino which a road from Pittsburgh could pursue to Cincinnati. iiy tins connection Iialtimore would be nearer to Cin cinnati than New York by U') miles than Philadel- pma oy nnoui .hi miles and the distance by this route from Baltimore would bo less by 50 miles, than by the same line reached through Pittsburgh, i say nothing of tho cost of thoso lines, it is enough to know they are all cheaper in proportion to distances, and therefore, on this ground, bear tho samo relative ad vantage. "Ky tho way of fish creek, therefore, through Zanesville and Columbus we should be nearer to Cincinnati, by 20 miles, than to New York, by her own route by the F.rie Railroad and Dunkirk ; and 117 miles nearer than 1 hilndelphiaon her shortest route through Pittsburgh and Welluville; nud Baltimore would be nearer to Cincinnati by this route by 50 miles, than iy our proposed route through t itUuurgri, ao. " It also deserves especial notice, in the present posture of our relations that the route by the way of Wheeling, (oven adopting Jnhnnthnn M'Knight's route,) to Cincinnati 17 miles shorter than the mute from Philadel- Idiia, and 'Mi miles less than our proposed route through 'ittshurgh. So t Ji nt, if we should desert the south ern points and go farther north, we should lose the ad vantage ot distance, and actually serve to strengthen tha competition against us. Then! in any sound view, next to r isiiing creek, r ish creek is considerably the best of any other route north of it : and so far as it respects the connection through '.anesrille and Colum bus, it is superior to risking creek. " now, look at tho connections an the west side or the river. It is seen ot a glaucn that the communica tions from Chilicothn, Alliens and Marietta to Pittsburgh, except by lateral roads at an insupportable ex pense, could never he formed. Then take Zanesville and Columbus Pittsburgh's only lino. Thedistance from Zauesvillo to Pittshurgh is not less 17 miles, and to Fish creek only ill), from Columbus to Pittsburgh is not less than 227 miles and to Fish creek only 150," Ac. To connect Pittsburgh with Columbus would require a capital of at least four and a half millions uf dollars, while Columbus could connect with Fish creek for three Imillions ; and if three mil lions complete a connection on the shortest line, I leave any one to say where four and a halt could be raised to form a connection on a lino 77 miles longer." " uut, sir, does not every one perceive that the uncle of Cleveland is not what we are seeking for ? That trade has grown up for the want ol shorter communi cations, nud will disappear the moment they can be made. Uur object, therefore is to prevent the trade from going to Cleveland. Our purpose ought to he to get to Cincinnati, and to all the points on the Ohio from which tho trade now goes to Cleveland, and to bring it by the shortest route to Baltimore before it gets within the attractionof any competitor." " With regard to the present law (of Virginia) however, 1 could not omit stating, that a modification allowing the right of a terminus at Fish creek would be an indispensable preliminary." Rnllrond from St Louis to Cincinnati The convention on this road met at Indianapolis on the Vith, and wu attended by a number of trite Hi-gent delegates from the several States principally interested. The sitting of the convention manifested a spirited determination to give aii impulse to the enter prise. Oov. m-bb ot Ohio presided, and when the convention adjourned he made the following remarks : Gkntlemrk ; In taking leave ol you I shall b brief. 1 came hero with great incertitude, as somo o the Cincinnati paKrs had stated that there would be no convention, and as, in getting here 1 passed ov-r the cross railroads, 1 felft fearful that 1 should have my pains for my pleasure. But I have been agreeably disappointed, and rejoice that 1 have had the opportunity of meeting with so many intelligent and ener getic men Ironi the various states here represented. Let me say to you, that, when you go home, interest your neighbors in this great work. In your representations of its importance, you cannot cxaggregate its value to the country, lt will speedily be accomplish ed. He that is most sanguine will be the nearest the truth. He that says, 14 in a few years thousands will pass over this great thoroughfare," will find his numbers multiplied by thousands. This road is destined to extend over the Cordilleras to the west, and over the Alleghanies in the cast. For no man, unless he has the figures b -fore him can estimate the greatness and the height of prosperity to which this country will in a few years arrive In conclusion, gentlemen, let me return you my thanks for the way in which you have honored me, and for your complimentary resolution. And let me express the hope that, when we meet again in con vention at Indianapolis, we may ride upon "rails which are placed along, not across the road. The following interesting article upon the railroads of our country, wo extract from a late number of the Kdinburgh Review, it is gratifying to observe, that in one respect at least, our European friends are willing to acknowledge our superiority, and that is, to use the language of tho Review, "for that irrepressible spirit of enterprise which so strongly characterises the American peoplo : " Railroads in the United Stntcs. The total length of railway now actually constructed, and in operation in the United Slates, amounts to about 4,"00 miles; of which 500 miles consist of short lines, connected with coal works and private establishments; leaving about 41)00 miles of swift steam conveyance, by railway, for passengers and merchandize. Besidis this, there are about lo,H(hl miles projected, tho construction of most of which has been suspended, since the financial and monetary revulsions which took place some years since. Of tho railways com-pleled, and ill ojM-ratinn, the chief part are in the Atlantic States. A few short lines, however, have been constructed tn the south and west. Thus there are seven railways in Alabama, four in Florida, ten in Louisiana, and five in Mississippi. Pennsylvania, New York, and tho Stales of New F.nglnnd, are tho great theatres of American railway enterprise. The State nf Pennsylvania is intersected by nearly a thousand miles of railway ; and an equal length is in operation or process of construction, in tiie State of New York. Thu New England Slates are in every direction intersected by railways. Boston is connected towards the west with the Hudson at Albany, by a continuous line. It ia connected, towards tho south, with Long Islund Sound, by lines to Providence and Stoninjjton, and to Worcester and New London. The communication is carried on from these points to New York, both by railway over Long Island, and by steamboats on the Sound and the Fast River. From the Hudson, there is an unbroken line of railway coniinunicatmii to the great northern lakes. By these and the Illinois river, the communication it continued by steamboats nearly to the banks of the Upper Mississippi, where it is continued for some thousand miles westward by the Missouri towards the Rocky Mountains; and southward by the Lower Mississippi to New Orleans and the Gull of Mexico. Another artery of railway communication proceeds from New Vork southwards traversing the Slates of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina and turning westward through Georgin, terminates near the banks of tho Alabama river. There, the lino is continued by steamboats to the mouth of that river ; and thence to Lake Pontcharlrain, where it meets a line of railway which terminates finally at New Orleans. Tho entire territory of the Union is thus enclosed in an uninterrupted circle of steam communication. Nor arc great traverse arteries wanting to complete thu interfusion of the commerce of the country. From tho artery running north and south, just mentioned, there issues a lateral branch at Baltimore, proceeding westward towards the Alleghany range. At present tins is continued only as far as Cumberland at the foot of the ridge, which is at that point crossed by an excellent Macadamized road, on which stage coaches work at a speed, equal to the best Engliih coach travelling.It is however, intended to supersede this road, by a continuation of the railway to Wheeling and Pittsburgh on the Ohio. Thence the communication is carried on by steamboats on that river, to the point where its waters are received by the Mississippi. Wo have here traced the great mam arteries ot the internal cammmerce of the United States but these only. From these at every point diverge innumerable ramifications, either by tributary navigable rivers, by branch rnilways or by common mails. There are also isolated instances ol the irrepressible spirit of enterprise, which so strongly eharoctcriies this people, t be found in railwnys constructed and in operation, where the highest refinement nf locomotion would lie the last thing the wanderer of the wilds would expect to meet. In the backwoods of Mississippi, traversing native forests, where, till within a few years, human foot never tnd, through solitudes, the silence of which was never disturbed even by lho red limn, we aro now transported by railways. The impression produced on Ihu traveler, as he is whirled through the' wilds, and sees the frightened deer start from his lair at Ihe snorting of tho ponderous machine which moves him, and reflects on nil that man has accomplished in these regions within hnlf a century, cannot be described. Edinburgh Bmrw, A rnilwnv Is In npmtinn between Vicfcsburg, on tlm ensfern bank of ttie Mumiippl, snd the lown nf Jackson, in the rout re ol the Mute, ulneti ilirniitfliont Ms entire leliuin trnvrnea the iitttivtt linl. ulierc the enuiiieers who litnile it weni prolMhly tlm tint of the hunt ui uvu thai had tm-r their loot. WisnrAi t.. The bar keeper at the Broadway Hotel, says the Cincinnati Commercial, has met with a little piece of good luck. Hy the death of bis grandfather, he has unexpectedly fallen into lands snd stock, to the amount of about ! 1011,000 Pretty good lilt for a young mail "just starting uut." American Mechanics Abroad We see an interesting account of a visit lately paid to the American contractors. Messrs. Harrison, Wi-nans and Eastwick al Alexandrofisky, six miles from St. Petersburg, Russia, by His Majesty the Empror Nicholas I. accompanied by the first men of the realm. His Majesty examined ever thing connected with the manufacture of locomotives. Eighty had been built during the year If Hi, and the establishment was turning out six locomotives and tenders every month. Hu next proceeded to the works erected by these enterprising Yankees for preparing the materials for freight and passenger cars. Here every thing was examined with tho same attention as at the locomotive department, and the beauty and efficiency of the machinery commented upon in strong terms by his Majesty, all the various operations being explained by the contractors. In this shop there are pre tared every day, five sets of wood work for the ububI size eight wheeled box cars, such as are on the Americanrailroads. He next went into the shop where the proprietors were putting together four of the usual sized eight wnpclfd ones every month, ft very thing was examined with the closest scrutiny and the highest admira tion. On the following dnv. as testimony eiC his Majes ty's satisfaction, he promoted Colonels Kraft and Mc-inhotf to the rank of Generals, and ordered the cross of St. Anne to bo conferred upon Major G. W. Whistler, Ihe American engineer, also that valuable diamond rings should bo presented to the contractors, Messrs. Harrison, Win ana and LaBtwick. The establishment of Messrs. Harrison, Winans and Kastwick employs at present 1,0120 workmen, including l,(iK) Russians, 1U1 Germans, 1(j4 H weeds, 17 En glish, and f Americans, which number embraces the whole number ot loremen and workmen. The contracts of these gentlemen embrace 102 twenty-five ton locomotives and tenders; &,:J00 iron trucks, for eight passenger cars, and ii improved cars on sixteen wheels, 80 feet long. Out of which are now finished, H)H locomotives with their tenders ; fiJOO wagon trucks; iHHi freight cars, and two passenger cars. hid. State Journal. Haii, Stobm ami Death bv LimiTifiito. On Monday, the 17th inst., below this place about ten miles, occurred one of the most tremendous hail storms ever known in this section of country. In Morgan township, Scioto county , two young men were at work in a cornfield, they seeing the storm coining up retired to a tree near by for shelter. The tree was struck by lightning, and one of them by thu name of Wm. Rankisn, and a dog were instantly killed, the other person was knocked insensible, in which situation he remained ono night and part of a day. He was, however, partially recovered We wero told by a person who saw it, that the hail after the storn in Cainpcreck township, was from two to three feet deep in the gutters and low places, on Tuesday morning. Wo also learn, that tho hail storm was so severe in Seal township, in the neighborhood of Mr. J. 11. Towner, that it killed several sheep and one cow. Vihcton Tocsin. Arotiixr CntvAssK. Wo learn from the Courier of last evening, that the levee again broke on the right bank of the Lafourche, about eight miles below this place, on the tflUh of April. The breach is about Hit) feet wide ; all hopes of stopping it have been abandoned. The Bayou, since the crevasse occurred, has fallen about one foot. The damage that will be occasioned to the planters of Terrebonne, and the small farmers in Ihe vicinity, will be immense; the latter will be compelled fo depend on the generosity of tho citizens of the parish for their sustenance during the year, as their crops, by this occurrence, have been entirely destroyed. We also learn that in the lower part of the parish, the levee has given away in more thun a dozen places. ,V. 0. Cum. Times, May 13, Tr.n Dollars Fisr ton Kissing. Among the indictments before the Sussex Oyer and Terminer last week was one against William Snyder, of Stillwater, for an assault and battery on Miss Phclie L. Allen, with intent to kiss. The offence appeared by the testimony nf Ihe young Indy to have been committed against her will. The Court charged the jury, that this having been done against the will of the young lady, it constituted an assault snd battery, of which, if they believed the testimony, they must find the defendant guilty, which they did; and the Court imposed a fine of ten dollars. The essence of the crime is said to consist in the fact that the defendant is a married man.-Newark Daily ride. A SiiAKRti Case. Yesterday was decided in our Common Pleas, the well known shaker case. It was a suit brought tor wages for 15 years service, by a se-ceder from the brotherhood, a lady who had joined them when a child. The cose was ably argued by D. Parish and B. B. Taylor, Esqrs., for the plaintiff, and Messrs. Wood and Starkweather for defendant. The jury concluded inasmuch as the plaintiff voluntarily joined the Society, knowing its rules and regulations, (which are that all proceeds of labor by any of the fraternity go into a common fund, not to be withdrawn) and had ss voluntarily left, she was not entitled to damages. Cleveland Plaindtaler. FimiTiNO Nr.oRoxs. The negro race had two representatives in the battle of Cerro Gordo. Tho Mexicans had a negro General in the engagement the other is mentioned in the following extract from the correspondence uf the Nashville Union : A free negro, a servant in the 2d Tennessee, named George, called for a musket and bravely went forwnrd in tho chsrre and fell, mortally wounded, fighting like a hero among the foremost Poor fellow, his conduct deserves particular attention. I visited the field, and among thirteen naked corpses lay this yellow boy twice wounded, now dead. Tim LirxNsx Law in Dklawarr. The Legislature of Delaware, hy enactment, recently gave tho people of tho State the priviledgo of voting for or against license to taverns, ect. Those in favor of gran ting licenses, have determined to test the constitutionally of this enactment, and have engaged as their counsel the Hon. John M. Clayton, John Wales, J sines A. Bayard, and William II. Rogers, Esqs., who arc among the most distinguished lawyers of Delaware. Lin iKSt'RAMcx. The advantage of this mode of insurance is shown in the case of Mr. Bollmeyer, who was rob bed and murdered last week near Pittsburg, lie left his family two thousand dollars, for which sum he had insured Ins life in the Ohio Mutual Insurance Company, for the term of seven years from the first of last June, ror this ho paid but $U1 one year's premium and policy fee. Txupf-rance Statistic. At a recent anniversary meeting of the American Temperance Union, in New Yory, ttie Rev. John Marsh, Chairman of the Executive Committee, said that seventy thousand American seamen had signed the pledge that five hundred distilleries had been closed in Sweden that there were l,y00,llt)0 members of Temperance Societies in Ger-many and ii.000,000 in England, Scotland and Wales, The Locofoco editors are abusing the Massachusetts Legislature for not pitning a vote of thanks to Gen. Taylor. These locofoco editors are queer creatures. They applnuded their partisan majority in the lower house of Congress for pausing a vote of censur upon Gen Taylor, and now they furiously denounce a W big Legislature for omitting to pass a vote of thanks to him ! Lou. Jour. Ohio Baptmt Stati CosvaKTios. This body met at Wooslcr on the 6th inst. and adjourned on the Wth. About 70 ministers, besides a number of lay delegates were present. The meetings were harmonious, and a large amount of business was done. John M. Gallagher, Km),, of Springfield, presided. The American Baptist Publication Society have received $ fur their last year's publications. r-muiuBT i sur.nuKits, r rtoii mi- mi ui January to the l'Jih of May exclusive, 44,'-i7 steerage passengers arrived at the (Quarantine Station, while 5','7 died on their passage during the samo period. Of those who arrived, ?!" were admitted into the Marino I lUNpUai, SOI"'"'!! " T'VI) "M WI WUUIII (IJIlJ'llTn died. The whole number admitted ints the hospital with "disease general " was 1,115. JV, F. Herald. The Washington Union says that the glories of this wnr cluster upon the brow of the President." We think that martial glories are just about as likely to cluster upon Mr. Polk's forehead as corns are to grow upon Santa Anna's wooden toes. Lou. Jour. Freeman the Gambler, who was recently so nadir " used up" by Green the Reformed Gambler in debate, has profited by Ihr discussion so much, as to be converted from tho evils of his ways, and now advertises in Philadelphia, a lecture ugaitist gambling. Four wngon loads of specie, drawn by twenty-four mules, lately left St. Louis for Santa Fe, intended to pay oft' the troops. Kaeh keg containing 1100 lbs. nt the precious metals, with the seal of the Quartermaster atlixed. Pownru Four hundred boys are now engaged at the Arsenal al Watervliet, near Albany, in the pre. pun lion of cartr.dges. The War Department have made a requisition of a million of cartridges for each month. There are now either at Point Isabel, or rn roif for Vera Ctua and Point Isabel, sixty-two companies of ; ..i' ...t . .....riu....rr. -tir, Hie it-it new n j-uiii-iun in '- i" -k -, Three Ihotmand volunleers have already been killed or died in Mexico. In the late war with England, only 1,3:14 were killed, and l,(7;i wounded. Col. Rirhard W. Thompson, one of the truest Whig and ablest men in Indiana, has received the Wing nomination lor Ihu 7th district of that State.