ByPeter N. Spotts, Staff writerFebruary 1, 2010

Charles 'Pete' Conrad Jr. stood with the US flag on the lunar surface during the Apollo 12 mission, in this 1969 file photo. President Barack Obama wants to end NASA's moon program, turn over space transportation to commercial companies and jump-start technologies needed for future human exploration, officials said on Monday.

The Obama administration Monday unveiled a 2011 budget request for NASA that would change the agency’s approach to human spaceflight.

The White House has redlined the agency's flagship Constellation program, which includes building a replacement for the space shuttle to allow astronauts to reach low-earth orbit, a second more-powerful rocket, and modules for a moon base.

Instead, NASA would rely on private-financed rockets built by commercial launch companies, to ferry astronauts and cargo to and from the International Space Station.

The administration is asking for $19 billion for NASA for fiscal 2011, which is a 1.5 percent increase over the budget request in 2010. By 2015, the administration anticipates a NASA budget of $20.99 billion.

The budget proposal would extend US involvement with the space station by some five years to 2020, and perhaps beyond. It seeks billions for research and development aimed at new types of rocket motors and other elements needed to build larger, more powerful rockets than the US currently lofts, as well as capabilities for storing and transferring rocket fuel on orbit.

The goal is to develop what NASA official call "transformative" technologies for human exploration beyond low-Earth orbit.

Sen. Bill Nelson (D) of Florida argued in a statement Monday that the budget proposal for NASA would replace lost space-shuttle jobs "too slowly, risking US leadership in space to China and Russia, and relying too heavily on unproven commercial companies."

Others say the shift is long overdue.

"It's really good to see this approach," says Ray Williamson, a space-policy analyst and executive director of the Secure World Foundation, a think tank that focuses on sustainable uses of space.

The effort to more deeply engage commercial launch providers – including companies such as Boeing and Lockheed Martin – in human spaceflight has been building for years, he says.

The budget plan faces several significant challenges. Key lawmakers signaled their displeasure at notion of using more private companies as early as last summer. At a House hearing on the Augustine Committee's report last September, Rep. Gabrielle Giffords (D) of Arizona and chairwoman of the House's space and aeronautics subcommittee, expressed skepticism that private companies could step in to replace the Ares 1 and its Orion crew capsule.

Riding on space entrepreneurs

One of NASA's biggest hurdles, analyst Mr. Williamson says, will be "sorting the folks with real promise from the ones who do mostly view-graph engineering."

Much, he continues, will be riding on the shoulders of space entrepreneurs such as Elon Musk, who heads the Space Exploration Technologies Corporation in Hawthorne, Calif.. His company has conducted successful launches with its Falcon 1 rocket, and is building a more powerful sibling, the Falcon 9, as well as a capsule for carrying cargo and crew.

If he and others can be successful in demonstrating human spaceflight capabilities, "then that will make the biggest difference" in building traction for the administration's proposed direction for spaceflight.