Attachments

Solution Preview

Problem 4.1 and 4.5, I have attached figures.

Problem 4.1:
-------------
We construct a graph of the present day Konigsberg bridges and see that there are exactly two vertices (A and B) have odd degree. We know that every connected graph with exactly 2 odd vertices have an Eulerian tour starting and ending at these vertices. Hence we can device such a route passing through all the edges. The attached figure shows such a route.

Problem of figure 4.5
--------
We need to show the graph of dodecahedron is Hamiltonian. We do this by providing such a cycle explicitly. In the attached figure, follow the vertex sequence 1,2,3,...,19,20,1 which is such a Hamiltonian cycle.

Theorem 4.6
-------------
Theorem: Let D be a connected non-trivial digraph. D is Eulerian if and
only if id(v) = od(v) for every vertex. (id:in degree, od:out degree).

Proof:
A trail in a graph is a path without repeated edges.

Suppose D is Eulerian. Consider any ...

Solution Summary

Here we prove the Necessary and sufficient condition for a digraph to be Eulerian. It also solves three problems from Graphs and Digraphs concerning a modified Konigsberg problem and provide a Hamiltonian cycle for dodecahedron.