Based on the knowledge of composite mechanics and linear elastic fracture mechanics, the mechanical model of bridge pavement and bridge deck is simplified. Furthermore, the modified shear-lag governing equations are built. The stress and displacement conditions in crack zone and far field of the model are taken as boundary conditions to solve the calculation model. Then displacement distribution functions of bridge pavement and bridge deck are obtained. The energy principle is used to obtain the analytical solution of the failure stress including the influence of temperature. The validity of the calculation model is verified through the simulation analysis of a certain bridge pavement.