However, recent phylogenetic analyses of Cnidaria based on morphology (Marques and Collins, 2004) and molecular data (Collins, 2002) suggest that Stauromedusae is not more closely related to the scyphozoan taxa Coronatae, Rhizostomeae, and Semaeostomeae (herein united as Scyphozoa, following Marques and Collins, 2004) than it is to Cubozoa or Hydrozoa.

By comparison to medusozoan outgroups--particularly Cubozoa and the scyphozoan taxa Coronatae, Rhizostomeae, and Semaeostomeae--characters by which we recognize Stauromedusae can be sorted into likely synaporphies and symplesiomorphies (Fig.

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