Counselling Theory Essay Claire Phillips 3ND May 2012 Word count:Critically evaluate the practical use of person-Centred theory and its limitations as suggested by its critics. How does Person-Centred theory and practice differ from two other models and what ways if any is it similar? Carl Roger’s, the founder of the Person Centered theory came to his vision through his own life journey and relationship with clients as a psychologist. He believed in the potential being realised in all of us under the right core conditions (congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy) culminating in the actualising tendency: Rogers advocated that there is a tendency within all humans, animals and plants, to move toward completion or fulfilment of potentials, i.e., wholeness. Individuals must develop the concept of self and the awareness of their experiences becoming the person’s self perception and the perception of the organismic self (the true-self). (htt//webspace.ship/edu/cgboer/rogers.htm accessed 28/2/2008) Argument that this is not an argument that can sustain itself....the potato and we are not potato. Roger’s was of the oponion that when there are incongruences between the ideal self and the self concept the more an individual will be fragmented and dysfunctional. Most of our conditions of worth have been set in place by the conditions and experiences of our upbringing and predominantly by parents or initial carers. Positive self regard is important and brought about by positive regard, a need for love and contact with another person where conditions of worth do not determine a persons self-esteem. If you do this then I will love you, hence you can only be successful if you fulfil other peoples expectations .The importance of self positive regard means you are freed from others peoples goals and expectations of you. Therefore you are more likely to fulfil your own expectations and become the whole person, a person you wish to be, an existence that should be harmonious and balanced and actualise the organismic self. ‘The counsellor should relate, not as a scientist to an object of study, not as physician expecting to diagnose and cure but as a person to a person.’ The counsellor must feel the client to be a person of unconditional self worth which means the client is valued whatever his feelings, behaviour and condition. When the counsellor is genuine and congruent and not attempting to hide behind a curtain of himself, touching with experiences that are understood in his organismic self , and this will enable the counsellor to fully enter into this relationship regardless of where it may lead. ( Rodgers p.185 2004) As the client becomes aware that he/she is accepted unconditionally the process begins and this exploration is possible because the client becomes less threatened at damaging the old structured self he/she had previously been protecting. The client may start to experience emotions more fully which creates a congruence in himself that he is these feelings in all their intensity. Hence, he discovers himself more freely and this constructive change will be reflected in the clients newly experiencing self. Critiques of Rogers's person-centred therapy begin with his basic conception of human nature as tending toward the good and the healthy. Some critics of Rogers's theories have difficulty with the concept that therapists can, or should, establish a relationship of unconditional positive regard in the case of dangerously violent persons. There is doubt how parents might put into practice some of these ideas when bringing up children whose behaviour can be difficult and not show any outward appearance of disapproval. http://www.enotes.com/carl-rogers-criticism/rogers-carl accessed on 5/3/2012)

The “organismic valuing process,” sometimes described as an internal monitor of a person's experiences in life that, under favourable circumstances,...

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There are three main theoretical approaches/models used in Counselling: Humanistic/Person centred developed by Carl Rodgers, Psychodynamic theories developed by Sigmund Freud and Behavioural therapies such as (T/A) TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS founded by Eric Berne and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
If any of the above are used effectively in practice, a therapist will be able to help an individual achieve positive change in problematic areas presented. Each approach is constantly evolving with new techniques and concepts although; the fundamental basis of all remains the same. And none of the theories represent the absolute TRUTH!
Whether or not I or any therapist chooses to work solely with one theory or to mix and match concepts to match an individual’s needs, the skills and the qualities that the counsellor possesses remain just as important as the therapeutic approach. It is essential that therapists must be in possession of the core conditions- congruence (genuine), empathic understanding and acceptance (unconditional positive regard). These qualities help build a trusting free from constraints relationship which when maintained create a positive working relationship between the two parties. ‘NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS OF THERAPEUTIC PERSONALITY CHANGE’-(Rodgers 1957:95). At a later stage, upon reflection the client will mimic to form...

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“one-to-one or small group relationship between
a client and a counsellor with the goal of helping
the client(s) integrate and apply an
understanding of self and the environment to
make the most appropriate career decisions and
adjustments” .
The primary focus is on helping the client make
career-related decisions and deals with careerrelated issues.
CAREER DEVELOMENT
THEORIES
1) Trait-and-factor theory:
) The origin of trait-and-factor theory can be
traced back to Frank Parsons. It stresses
matching an individual with a job that fits that
person’s talents.
) It also stressed on the uniqueness of persons.
) In its modern form, trait-and-factor theory
stresses the interpersonal nature of careers and
associated life-styles as well as the performance
requirements of a work position.
) Holland identified six categories in which
personal types and job environments can be
classified: realistic, investigative, artistic, social,
PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY
 Psychodynamic theory is best exemplified by the
writings of Anne Roe.
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as a result of the interaction between parents and
their children.
 Roe believes there is an unconscious motivation
from this period that influence people to choose a
career in which these needs can be expressed
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 Three different parent-child relationship:
1....

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Practice Case Using Behavioral and Narrative theories
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University of New England
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This paper will compare behavior theory and narrative theory. It will cover the key concepts, the practice process, and the major interventions of each theory. An application of each theory will be included. This paper also contains a practice case and a set of illustrations using both theories for this practice case.
A Practice Case Using Behavior Therapy and a Narrative Approach
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Finding Meaning in Life
Sandy Patty
Made Up University
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What is to be said about life and circumstances? There are many different theories and perspectives about it, but my concern is when someone feels they have to be subject to their circumstance. Further in this paper I will discuss my personal counseling theory and how I believe that not one person has to be ruled by a certain circumstance and that they are not by any means validated by one person because they have the opportunity to discover meaning in their life for themselves and discover an array of opportunities in life.
Finding Meaning in Life
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Carl Rogers and Person-Centered Theory
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...﻿
Theory Critique 1 - Adams and Backus
Anonymous Graduate Student
Liberty University
Theory Critique I – Adams and Backus
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2) Identify and discuss concepts taught in those theories that you believe may become important in your development as a therapist.
Psychoanalytic, Jungian and Individual Psychology Theories
The learner agrees that Psychoanalytic theory, Jungian theory, and Individual Psychology theory bear some straightforwardly distinguishable distinctions, conceptually speaking.
In psychoanalytictheory, a great deal about a person is determined before the age of 6.
(Murdock 2009).
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The learner believes that there will be periods of time with clients, in which one theory will work more effectively than another, or even where eclectic combinations of two or more theories are most appropriate used. Because of times like these, the learner supposes, it is...

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Technological development which was mentioned before allowed us to verify whether created theories are true or false. Theories from which we obtains our knowledge are changing constantly. Some of them could be overturned after they were assessed as unreliable. Such assessment can be done due to development which we already obtained. However, technology can also be used to improve the reliability of such knowledge. As an example of such theory I will use biological cell theory. In 1590, Hans and Zacharias Janssen invented a microscope under which in 1665 Robert Hooke firstly discovered cells, the basic units of structure and function of all living organisms. There was not many informations about this new discover. For years, scientists have expanded their knowledge about cells and they are doing it even now. Thanks to technology, now we know almost everything about cells. How they...