Amazon EBS–optimized instances

An Amazon EBS–optimized instance uses an optimized configuration stack and provides
additional, dedicated capacity for Amazon EBS I/O. This optimization provides the
best
performance for your EBS volumes by minimizing contention between Amazon EBS I/O and
other
traffic from your instance.

EBS–optimized instances deliver dedicated bandwidth to Amazon EBS. When attached to
an
EBS–optimized instance, General Purpose SSD (gp2) volumes are designed to deliver their baseline
and burst performance 99% of the time, and Provisioned IOPS SSD (io1) volumes are designed to deliver
their provisioned performance 99.9% of the time. Both Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) and Cold HDD
(sc1) guarantee performance consistency of 90% of burst throughput 99% of the time.
Non-compliant periods are approximately uniformly distributed, targeting 99% of expected
total throughput each hour. For more information, see Amazon EBS volume types.

Supported instance types

The following tables show which instance types support EBS optimization. They include
the dedicated bandwidth to Amazon EBS, the typical maximum aggregate throughput that
can be
achieved on that connection with a streaming read workload and 128 KiB I/O size, and
the maximum IOPS the instance can support if you are using a 16 KiB I/O size. Choose
an EBS–optimized instance that provides more dedicated Amazon EBS throughput than
your application needs; otherwise, the connection between Amazon EBS and Amazon EC2
can become
a performance bottleneck.

EBS optimized by default

The following table lists the instance types that support EBS optimization and
EBS optimization is enabled by default. There is no need to enable EBS optimization
and no effect if you disable EBS optimization.

Instance size

Maximum bandwidth (Mbps)

Maximum throughput (MB/s, 128 KiB I/O)

Maximum IOPS (16 KiB I/O)

a1.medium *

3,500

437.5

20,000

a1.large *

3,500

437.5

20,000

a1.xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

a1.2xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

a1.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

a1.metal

3,500

437.5

20,000

c4.large

500

62.5

4,000

c4.xlarge

750

93.75

6,000

c4.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

c4.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

c4.8xlarge

4,000

500

32,000

c5.large *

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5.9xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

c5.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

c5.18xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

c5.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

c5.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

c5a.large *

3,170

396

13,300

c5a.xlarge *

3,170

396

13,300

c5a.2xlarge *

3,170

396

13,300

c5a.4xlarge *

3,170

396

13,300

c5a.8xlarge

3,170

396

13,300

c5a.12xlarge

4,750

594

20,000

c5a.16xlarge

6,300

788

26,700

c5a.24xlarge

9,500

1,188

40,000

c5d.large *

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5d.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5d.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5d.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5d.9xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

c5d.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

c5d.18xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

c5d.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

c5d.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

c5n.large *

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5n.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5n.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5n.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

c5n.9xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

c5n.18xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

c5n.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

d2.xlarge

750

93.75

6,000

d2.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

d2.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

d2.8xlarge

4,000

500

32,000

f1.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

f1.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

44,000

f1.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

75,000

g3s.xlarge

850

106.25

5,000

g3.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

g3.8xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

g3.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

g4dn.xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

g4dn.2xlarge *

3,500

437.5

20,000

g4dn.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

g4dn.8xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

g4dn.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

g4dn.16xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

h1.2xlarge

1,750

218.75

12,000

h1.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

h1.8xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

h1.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

i3.large

425

53.13

3000

i3.xlarge

850

106.25

6000

i3.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

i3.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

16,000

i3.8xlarge

7,000

875

32,500

i3.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

65,000

i3.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

i3en.large *

4,750

593.75

20,000

i3en.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

i3en.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

i3en.3xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

i3en.6xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

i3en.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

i3en.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

i3en.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

inf1.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

inf1.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

inf1.6xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

inf1.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

m4.large

450

56.25

3,600

m4.xlarge

750

93.75

6,000

m4.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

m4.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

m4.10xlarge

4,000

500

32,000

m4.16xlarge

10,000

1,250

65,000

m5.large *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5.8xlarge

6,800

850

30,000

m5.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

m5.16xlarge

13,600

1,700

60,000

m5.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

m5.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

m5a.large *

2,880

360

16,000

m5a.xlarge *

2,880

360

16,000

m5a.2xlarge *

2,880

360

16,000

m5a.4xlarge

2,880

360

16,000

m5a.8xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

m5a.12xlarge

6,780

847.5

30,000

m5a.16xlarge

9,500

1,187.50

40,000

m5a.24xlarge

13,570

1,696.25

60,000

m5ad.large *

2,880

360

16,000

m5ad.xlarge *

2,880

360

16,000

m5ad.2xlarge *

2,880

360

16,000

m5ad.4xlarge

2,880

360

16,000

m5ad.8xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

m5ad.12xlarge

6,780

847.5

30,000

m5ad.16xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

m5ad.24xlarge

13,570

1,696.25

60,000

m5d.large *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5d.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5d.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5d.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5d.8xlarge

6,800

850

30,000

m5d.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

m5d.16xlarge

13,600

1,700

60,000

m5d.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

m5d.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

m5dn.large *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5dn.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5dn.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5dn.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5dn.8xlarge

6,800

850

30,000

m5dn.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

m5dn.16xlarge

13,600

1,700

60,000

m5dn.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

m5n.large *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5n.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5n.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5n.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

18,750

m5n.8xlarge

6,800

850

30,000

m5n.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

m5n.16xlarge

13,600

1,700

60,000

m5n.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

m6g.medium *

4,750

593.75

20,000

m6g.large *

4,750

593.75

20,000

m6g.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

m6g.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

20,000

m6g.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

m6g.8xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

m6g.12xlarge

14,250

1,781.25

50,000

m6g.16xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

m6g.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

p2.xlarge

750

93.75

6,000

p2.8xlarge

5,000

625

32,500

p2.16xlarge

10,000

1,250

65,000

p3.2xlarge

1,750

218.75

10,000

p3.8xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

p3.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

p3dn.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

r4.large

425

53.13

3,000

r4.xlarge

850

106.25

6,000

r4.2xlarge

1,700

212.5

12,000

r4.4xlarge

3,500

437.5

18,750

r4.8xlarge

7,000

875

37,500

r4.16xlarge

14,000

1,750

75,000

r5.large *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5.8xlarge

6,800

850

30,000

r5.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

r5.16xlarge

13,600

1,700

60,000

r5.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

r5.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

r5a.large *

2,880

360

16,000

r5a.xlarge *

2,880

360

16,000

r5a.2xlarge *

2,880

360

16,000

r5a.4xlarge

2,880

360

16,000

r5a.8xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

r5a.12xlarge

6,780

847.5

30,000

r5a.16xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

r5a.24xlarge

13,570

1,696.25

60,000

r5ad.large *

2,880

360

16,000

r5ad.xlarge *

2,880

360

16,000

r5ad.2xlarge *

2,880

360

16,000

r5ad.4xlarge

2,880

360

16,000

r5ad.8xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

r5ad.12xlarge

6,780

847.5

30,000

r5ad.16xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

r5ad.24xlarge

13,570

1,696.25

60,000

r5d.large *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5d.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5d.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5d.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5d.8xlarge

6,800

850

30,000

r5d.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

r5d.16xlarge

13,600

1,700

60,000

r5d.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

r5d.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

r5dn.large *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5dn.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5dn.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5dn.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5dn.8xlarge

6,800

850

30,000

r5dn.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

r5dn.16xlarge

13,600

1,700

60,000

r5dn.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

r5n.large *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5n.xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5n.2xlarge *

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5n.4xlarge

4,750

593.75

18,750

r5n.8xlarge

6,800

850

30,000

r5n.12xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

r5n.16xlarge

13,600

1,700

60,000

r5n.24xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

t3.nano *

2,085

260.57

11,800

t3.micro *

2,085

260.57

11,800

t3.small *

2,085

260.57

11,800

t3.medium *

2,085

260.57

11,800

t3.large *

2,780

347.5

15,700

t3.xlarge *

2,780

347.5

15,700

t3.2xlarge *

2,780

347.5

15,700

t3a.nano *

2,085

260.57

11,800

t3a.micro *

2,085

260.57

11,800

t3a.small *

2,085

260.57

11,800

t3a.medium *

2,085

260.57

11,800

t3a.large *

2,780

347.5

15,700

t3a.xlarge *

2,780

347.5

15,700

t3a.2xlarge *

2,780

347.5

15,700

u-6tb1.metal

38,000

4,750

160,000

u-9tb1.metal

38,000

4,750

160,000

u-12tb1.metal

38,000

4,750

160,000

u-18tb1.metal

38,000

4,750

160,000

u-24tb1.metal

38,000

4,750

160,000

x1.16xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

x1.32xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

x1e.xlarge

500

62.5

3,700

x1e.2xlarge

1,000

125

7,400

x1e.4xlarge

1,750

218.75

10,000

x1e.8xlarge

3,500

437.5

20,000

x1e.16xlarge

7,000

875

40,000

x1e.32xlarge

14,000

1,750

80,000

z1d.large *

3,170

396.25

13,333

z1d.xlarge *

3,170

396.25

13,333

z1d.2xlarge

3,170

396.25

13,333

z1d.3xlarge

4,750

593.75

20,000

z1d.6xlarge

9,500

1,187.5

40,000

z1d.12xlarge

19,000

2,375

80,000

z1d.metal

19,000

2,375

80,000

* These instance types can support maximum performance for 30 minutes at least once
every 24 hours.
If you have a workload that requires sustained maximum performance for longer than
30 minutes, select an
instance type according to baseline performance as shown in the following table.

Instance size

Baseline bandwidth (Mbps)

Baseline throughput (MB/s, 128 KiB I/O)

Baseline IOPS (16 KiB I/O)

a1.medium

300

37.5

2,500

a1.large

525

65.625

4,000

a1.xlarge

800

100

6,000

a1.2xlarge

1,750

218.75

10,000

c5.large

650

81.25

4,000

c5.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

c5.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

10,000

c5a.large

200

25

800

c5a.xlarge

400

50

1,600

c5a.2xlarge

800

100

3,200

c5a.4xlarge

1,580

198

6,600

c5d.large

650

81.25

4,000

c5d.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

c5d.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

10,000

c5n.large

650

81.25

4,000

c5n.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

c5n.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

10,000

g4dn.xlarge

950

118.75

3,000

g4dn.2xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

i3en.large

577

72.1

3,000

i3en.xlarge

1,154

144,2

6,000

i3en.2xlarge

2,307

288.39

12,000

i3en.3xlarge

3,800

475

15,000

inf1.xlarge

1,190

148.75

4,000

inf1.2xlarge

1,190

148.75

6,000

m5.large

650

81.25

3,600

m5.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

m5.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

12,000

m5a.large

650

81.25

3,600

m5a.xlarge

1,085

135.63

6,000

m5a.2xlarge

1,580

197.5

8,333

m5ad.large

650

81.25

3,600

m5ad.xlarge

1,085

135.63

6,000

m5ad.2xlarge

1,580

197.5

8,333

m5d.large

650

81.25

3,600

m5d.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

m5d.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

12,000

m5dn.large

650

81.25

3,600

m5dn.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

m5dn.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

12,000

m5n.large

650

81.25

3,600

m5n.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

m5n.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

12,000

m6g.medium

315

39.375

2,500

m6g.large

630

78.75

3,600

m6g.xlarge

1,188

148.5

6,000

m6g.2xlarge

2,375

296.875

12,000

r5.large

650

81.25

3,600

r5.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

r5.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

12,000

r5a.large

650

81.25

3,600

r5a.xlarge

1,085

135.63

6,000

r5a.2xlarge

1,580

197.5

8,333

r5ad.large

650

81.25

3,600

r5ad.xlarge

1,085

135.63

6,000

r5ad.2xlarge

1,580

197.5

8,333

r5d.large

650

81.25

3,600

r5d.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

r5d.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

12,000

r5dn.large

650

81.25

3,600

r5dn.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

r5dn.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

12,000

r5n.large

650

81.25

3,600

r5n.xlarge

1,150

143.75

6,000

r5n.2xlarge

2,300

287.5

12,000

t3.nano

43

5.43

250

t3.micro

87

10.86

500

t3.small

174

21.71

1,000

t3.medium

347

43.43

2,000

t3.large

695

86.86

4,000

t3.xlarge

695

86.86

4,000

t3.2xlarge

695

86.86

4,000

t3a.nano

45

5.63

250

t3a.micro

90

11.25

500

t3a.small

175

21.88

1,000

t3a.medium

350

43.75

2,000

t3a.large

695

86.86

4,000

t3a.xlarge

695

86.86

4,000

t3a.2xlarge

695

86.86

4,000

z1d.large

800

100

3,333

z1d.xlarge

1,580

197.5

6,667

EBS optimization supported

The following table lists the instance types that support EBS optimization but
EBS optimization is not enabled by default. You can enable EBS optimization when
you launch these instances or after they are running. Instances must have EBS
optimization enabled to achieve the level of performance described. When you enable
EBS optimization for an instance that is not EBS-optimized by default, you pay an
additional low, hourly fee for the dedicated capacity. For pricing information, see
EBS-optimized Instances on the Amazon EC2 Pricing page for On-Demand instances.

Instance size

Maximum bandwidth (Mbps)

Maximum throughput (MB/s, 128 KiB I/O)

Maximum IOPS (16 KiB I/O)

c1.xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

c3.xlarge

500

62.5

4,000

c3.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

c3.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

g2.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

i2.xlarge

500

62.5

4,000

i2.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

i2.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

m1.large

500

62.5

4,000

m1.xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

m2.2xlarge

500

62.5

4,000

m2.4xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

m3.xlarge

500

62.5

4,000

m3.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

r3.xlarge

500

62.5

4,000

r3.2xlarge

1,000

125

8,000

r3.4xlarge

2,000

250

16,000

The i2.8xlarge, c3.8xlarge, and r3.8xlarge instances
do not have dedicated EBS bandwidth and therefore do not offer EBS optimization. On
these
instances, network traffic and Amazon EBS traffic share the same 10-gigabit network
interface.

Getting maximum performance

You can use the EBSIOBalance% and EBSByteBalance% metrics to
help you determine whether your instances are sized correctly. You can view these
metrics in the CloudWatch console and set an alarm that is triggered based on a
threshold you specify. These metrics are expressed as a percentage. Instances with
a
consistently low balance percentage are candidates to size up. Instances where the
balance percentage never drops below 100% are candidates for downsizing. For more
information, see Monitoring your instances using CloudWatch.

The high memory instances are designed to run large in-memory databases, including
production deployments of the SAP HANA in-memory database, in the cloud. To maximize
EBS performance, use high memory instances with an even number of io1 volumes with
identical provisioned performance. For example, for IOPS heavy workloads, use four
io1 volumes with 40,000 provisioned IOPS to get the maximum 160,000 instance IOPS.
Similarly, for throughput heavy workloads, use six io1 volumes with 48,000
provisioned IOPS to get the maximum 4,750 MB/s throughput. For additional recommendations,
see Storage Configuration for SAP HANA.

Considerations

G4, I3en, Inf1, M5a, M5ad, R5a, R5ad, T3, T3a, and Z1d instances launched
after February 26, 2020 provide the maximum performance listed in the table
above. To get the maximum performance from an instance launched before February
26, 2020, stop and start it.

C5, C5d, C5n, M5, M5d, M5n, M5dn, R5, R5d, R5n, R5dn, and P3dn instances launched
after December 3, 2019 provide the maximum performance listed in the table above.
To get
the maximum performance from an instance launched before December 3, 2019, stop and
start
it.

u-6tb1.metal, u-9tb1.metal, and u-12tb1.metal
instances launched after March 12, 2020 provide the performance in the table above.
Instances of these types launched before March 12, 2020 might provide lower performance.
To get the maximum performance from an instance launched before March 12, 2020, contact
your account team to upgrade the instance at no additional cost.

Enabling EBS optimization at launch

You can enable optimization for an instance by setting its attribute for EBS optimization.

To enable Amazon EBS optimization when launching an instance using the console

In Step 2: Choose an Instance Type, select an instance
type that is listed as supporting Amazon EBS optimization.

In Step 3: Configure Instance Details, complete the
fields that you need and choose Launch as EBS-optimized
instance. If the instance type that you selected in the previous
step doesn't support Amazon EBS optimization, this option is not present. If the
instance type that you selected is Amazon EBS–optimized by default, this option
is selected and you can't deselect it.

Follow the directions to complete the wizard and launch your instance.

To enable EBS optimization when launching an instance using the command
line

You can use one of the following commands with the corresponding option. For more
information about these command line interfaces, see Accessing Amazon EC2.

If the instance type of your instance is Amazon EBS–optimized by
default, EBS-optimized is selected and you can't
change it. You can choose Cancel, because Amazon EBS
optimization is already enabled for the instance.

If the instance type of your instance does not support Amazon EBS
optimization, you can't choose EBS-optimized. You
can select an instance type from Instance Type that
supports Amazon EBS optimization, and then choose
EBS-optimized,
Apply.

Choose Actions, Instance State,
Start.

To enable EBS optimization for an existing instance using the command line

If the instance is running, use one of the following commands to stop
it: