Ukraine's interim leaders are calling for an international donors' conference to craft a financial rescue plan for the country. Above, Ukrainian and U.S. currency.

Ukraine's interim leaders are calling for an international donors' conference to craft a financial rescue plan for the country. Above, Ukrainian and U.S. currency. (Vincent Mundy / Bloomberg)

Carol J. Williams

MOSCOW -- Ukraine’s interim leaders said Monday that the country will need $35 billion in foreign aid over the next two years to avert default and called for an international donors’ conference to craft a rescue plan.

The appeal by acting Finance Minister Yuri Kolobov followed by a day his Russian counterpart’s announcement that Moscow would be cutting off further aid and loan supports to Ukraine until its new transitional leadership is in place and it is clear with whom the Kremlin will be dealing.

Opposition leaders, who have been in control of Kiev since a European Union-brokered pact to quell last week's violence was signed Friday, have said the new slate of ministers could be decided as early as Tuesday. The new government is unlikely to be as friendly to Moscow, though, as was that of President Viktor Yanukovich, who has been stripped of his office by parliament and has fled Kiev for the Russian-leaning east.

Group of 20 finance ministers met in Sydney, Australia, over the weekend and pledged help for Ukraine once its provisional leadership is in place. Political leaders from the United States, the EU and Russia have urged the opposition figures now in control of Kiev and western Ukraine cities to put together a genuinely inclusive cabinet to represent all segments of Ukraine’s badly divided population.

Yanukovich fled after many of the lawmakers from his Party of Regions defected to the opposition in protest of the bloody crackdown on demonstrators last week that killed at least 82 people. The acting Ukrainian interior minister announced Monday that an arrest warrant had been issued for Yanukovich to stand trial on charges of mass murder for his role in the deadly turmoil.

The uprising against Yanukovich began in November after the president’s decision to scrap an association deal with the European Union that would have boosted Ukraine’s trade with the West and eventually set a path for potential membership in what is now a 28-nation bloc.

On Monday, EU Economics Commissioner Olli Rehn said the association deal was still on offer.

“We are at a historical juncture, and Europe needs to live up to its historical moment and be able to provide Ukraine with accession prospects in the medium to long term – if it can meet the conditions of accession," Rehn said in Sydney, where he took part in the G-20 gathering.

"We are ready to provide substantial financial assistance to Ukraine once a political solution, based on democratic principles, is finalized, and once there is a new government that is genuinely and seriously engaged in institutional and economic reform," Rehn said, referring to the massive waste and corruption that have pushed Ukraine’s economy to the brink of bankruptcy.

Russia had encouraged Yanukovich’s decision to drop the EU association agreement in favor of closer economic ties with Moscow with an offer of $15 billion in loans and energy subsidies. Russia bought about $3 billion in Ukrainian debt in December and had announced a second tranche of $2 billion for last week but suspended it as security and government authority unraveled in Kiev.

Ukrainian and Russian industries are deeply entwined, with cross-border trade in parts and products vital to mining and manufacturing enterprises built during the Soviet era. Moscow also found a reliable ally in Yanukovich as a protector of Russian interests in the eastern part of Ukraine, including the Black Sea Fleet naval base at Sevastopol and 7.5 million ethnic Russians who are citizens of the country.

While the Kremlin remains keenly interested in maintaining those economic and cultural ties with the eastern regions, Russian President Vladimir Putin -- who has been silent throughout the Ukraine crisis of recent days -- is likely to face a renewed movement in Kiev for Ukraine to turn toward the EU for its future economic development. While Putin has yet to publicly weigh in on Ukraine's political U-turn, Russian Prime Minister Dmitri Medvedev has cast doubt on the interim leaders' legitimacy, saying the opposition leaders took power through "armed mutiny."

President Obama and German Chancellor Angela Merkel have called Putin in the last two days to urge him to work with them to keep Ukraine united and restore peace throughout the country, their spokesmen have reported.

In announcing the freeze on further aid to Ukraine on Sunday, Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov suggested Kiev turn to the International Monetary Fund for assistance, a possible sign that Russia will be paring down its economic assistance if, as appears likely, the new government is controlled by pro-Western liberals opposed to joining his Eurasian Union of former Soviet states.

IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde told reporters in Sydney that the global lender was prepared to come to Ukraine’s aid “not only from a humanitarian point of view but also from an economic point of view.”

Any bailout from the international community, however, is likely to require commitments from Ukraine’s new leaders to clean up the corrupt and inefficient finances of the country of 46 million.

Berlin-based Transparency International ranks Ukraine the most corrupt country in Europe and 144th worldwide in the openness of its handling of public funds among the 177 countries it evaluates.