10 ربيع الاول 1438 - Saturday, December 10, 2016

Dolphins may protect the nation

SAN DIEGO, California (AP)

Dozens of dolphins and sea lions trained to detect and apprehend waterborne attackers could be sent on a mission to patrol a military base in Washington state.

In a notice published in this week"s Federal Register, the Navy said it needs to bolster security at Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor, located on the Puget Sound close to Seattle. The base is home to submarines, ships and laboratories and is potentially vulnerable to attack by terrorist swimmers and scuba divers, the notice states.

A California sea lion training off the Persian Gulf nation of Bahrain, detected suspicious swimmers near piers and ships in 2003.

Several options are under consideration, but the preferred plan would be to send as many as30 California sea lions and Atlantic Bottlenose dolphins from the Navy"s Marine Mammal Program, based in San Diego.

"These animals have the capabilities for what needs to be done for this particular mission," said Tom Lapuzza, a spokesman for the Marine Mammal Program. The Navy is seeking public comment for an Environmental Impact Statement it is preparing on the proposal.

Lapuzza said because of their astonishing sonar abilities, dolphins are excellent at patrolling for swimmers and divers. When it detects a person in the water, a Navy dolphin drops a beacon.

This tells a human interception team where to find the suspicious swimmer.

Dolphins also are trained to detect underwater mines; they were sent to do this in the Iraqi harbor of Umm Qasr in 2003. The last time the animals were used operationally in San Diego was in 1996 when they patrolled the bay during a Republican convention.

*Sea lions can carry in their mouths special cuffs attached to long ropes. If the animal finds a rogue swimmer, it can clamp the cuff around the person"s leg. The individual can then be reeled in for questioning.*

Activists" say no to mammal defense

The Navy wanted to deploy marine animals to the Northwest in 1989, Lapuzza said, but a federal judge sided with animal-rights activists concerned about the effects of cooler water, as well as how the creatures would affect the environment.

Water in the Puget Sound is about 10 degrees cooler than in San Diego Harbor, which has an average temperature of about 58 degrees, Lapuzza said.

Since then, the Navy has taken the dolphins and sea lions to cold-water places like Alaska and Scandinavia to see how they coped.

"They did very well," Lapuzza said. If the animals are sent to Washington, the dolphins would be housed in heated enclosures and would only patrol the bay for periods of about two hours.

Stephanie Boyles, a marine biologist and spokeswoman for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, said sea mammals do not provide a reliable defense system, and they should not be kept in small enclosures.

"We believe the United States" citizens deserve the very best defense possible and this just isn"t it," Boyles said, adding that dolphins are easily distracted once in open water. "They don"t understand the consequences of what will happen if they don"t carry out the mission."

Among the other options the Navy is considering for the Kitsap-Bangor base are the use of human interception teams and remote-controlled machines.

The Navy has been training marine mammals since the 1960s, and currently keeps about 100 dolphins and sea lions. Most of these are in San Diego, but about 20 are deployed at Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia.

Dolphins live for up to 30 years. Lapuzza said the Navy occasionally gives its retired animals to marine parks but generally keeps them until they die of old age.

The Navy hopes eventually to downsize its marine mammal program and replace the animals with machines.

"But the technology just isn"t there yet," Lapuzza said. "The value of the marine mammals is we"ve been doing this for 35 years and we"ve ironed out all the kinks."