3

Stretched diaphragm :
There is normally a hole in the diaphragm through which passes the esophagus. The diaphragm separates the abdominal and chest cavities, and the chest cavity is like a vacuum. When the normal opening stretches out and becomes large enough, the stomach gets "sucked" into the chest slowly. Why some get this and others don't is largely a mystery.
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4

Enlarged opening:
A hiatal hernia occurs when the normal opening in the diaphragm that allows the esophagus to pass through stretches out and allows the stomach to herniate in to the chest. While genetics, trauma, and obesity can be contributing dactors, it is generally not possible to determine why some people develop them and others don't.
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5

Multiple:
The most common causes for an umbilical hernia include stretching and thinning of the abdominal wall with increased intraabdominal pressure. The classic examples are preganant women and obese people. Lack of exercise and abdominal wall atrophy is another cause. Previous incisions around the umbilicus can result in umbilical hernias as well.
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6

Unknown:
The hiatus is the normal hole in the diaphragm muscle thru which the esophagus passes to go from the chest to the abdominal cavity. A hiatal hernia is an enlargement of this opening thru which the stomach can slip up into the chest. This is found in 15% of people & rarely causes symptoms. It is unclear if this develops before birth and/or develops in response to elevated abdominal pressure.
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7

See details:
True muscle pain is related to sprains, strains tears or inflammation. However, be certain what you believe is abdominal muscle is really not coming from inside the abdomen. Have the issue evaluated.
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9

A bulge and pain:
An abnormal bulge, often with pain around it, are the most common signs of abdominal hernia. They most commonly occur at the belly button (umbilical), in the groin (inguinal), at previous surgical scars (incisional), and at the diaphragm (hiatal).They can all be fixed with minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery for less pain and quick return to work.
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10

Genetics:
A groin hernia is when the natural openings in the abdominal wall (through which pass the spermatic cord on men and the round ligament in women) stretch out, and allow other abdominal contents to herniate through. While it can be brought on by coughing, or other sudden increase in abdominal pressure, it is also due to happen more often in those susceptible based on their genetics. Hope this helps!
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11

Congenital/acquired :
The path taken for testicular descend can stay open or predispose one to inguinal herniation - this is aka indirect hernia. The hernia more common with accident, sport injury or heavy lifting as with construction workers is frequently through the direct inguinal space - direct inguinal hernia.
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12

Constipation, etc...:
A person who feels bloated (in the tummy) off and on is not normal, especially if the bloating is new. A doctor can evaluate to figure out the cause. Problems can be due to eating things the person cannot digest. Some parasites cause bloating. More serious causes of bloating include a build-up of fluid in the abdomen due to kidney disease, liver problems, heart failure, abdominal cancers, etc...
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13

Most hernias:
Occur spontaneously with no cause or reason. Sometimes hernias are associated with repetitive heavy lifting, obesity or past pregnancy. Most common location of hernias are the groins or umbilical region. The cause of one type of hernia can be an incisionsl hernia caused by previous surgery.
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14

Lump and pain:
Hernias on the abdominal wall typical cause pain and/or discomfort, and are also typically associated with a lump under the skin at the location of the hernia. This lump is larger with standing and coughing. Best diagnosed by a physical exam, ok to start with your primary care. Timing depends on duration and severity of symptoms. Hope this helps!
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15

Appendix vs Other:
In a young person who still has an appendix, fever and sudden onset of pain around the belly button can signal early appendicitis. If the pain moves to the lower right area of your belly or intensifies you should be seen in an ER. Blood in the stool is not usually a feature of appendicitis but should also be evaluated in-person if it continues with above symptoms.
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