Computer science is the knowledge of using computers to solve problems. This is mainly in designing software and handling important scientific questions on how computer operates and also in features of hardware. Computer science involves everything that has to do with computers, both is programming and foundations. Those who work with these computers are called computer scientists.

They are trained on handling computers in depth. Difference between Information Technology and Computer Science Many people talk about IT so as to refer to every to everything to do with computers. Many businesses on the other hand refer to a combination of information processing systems, databases and communication systems. Computer science is therefore more thorough as compare to information technology when it comes to its training and degree programs. Computer Software Computer software which is covered in depth in computer science is all about programs that work together used in the computer.

The programs are aimed at achieving certain tasks as required by the user. The software is used in almost all aspects including entertainment, research tools and many others. Computer software is used via following given instructions and commands. These commands help the user to effectively finish or achieve target. Training in Computer Science There are many courses that are offered when it comes to computers. Computer science is one of those courses that one can take up especially those who want to become computer experts. There are many levels of training, from certificates to degrees. The duration of training can take up to two years depending on the college that you are enrolled in. these two years should include the attachment time, a time that you use to put your skills into practice. There are schools that will find you a place to go for attachment while others will just give a recommendation letter which will make the search a little easier.

In computer science course, you will learn how computers are built, software systems, language translation, multimedia, designing, robotics and networking. Those who are interested in computer science mostly find their interest in programming and the need to know more about computers. When they get the knowledge on programming, they develop the interest of designing larger software systems and or even knowing about computer architecture. With all these interest, the person is therefore forced to enroll for computer science classes. After the classes are completed, the trainee can qualify to be a computer scientist, either in big corporations or they can opt to start their own businesses. It is easy to combine computer science course with another course. For example, one can study computer science and biology which can open up a career in bioinformatics. The study can also be combined with economics, political science, fine arts or even business which will lead the trainee to be an IT person.

There are other people who take on computer science as a backup course. This means that they can have one major course for their career but also study computer science just as a backup for their profession. Computer science is well known all over the world, since there are many people who study for this course as a side subject. This means that it is used to support the main subject. For example, if the main subject is history, computer science will help when it comes to looking for information online. Computer science is therefore a well known technology that is used by many in different areas.

When you are planning to buy a computer or looking into changing the programs in your computer, it is important to make sure that your get the best computer advice.

If you are looking to buy a computer and you are not really experienced or have knowledge in computers, then it is important that you start by taking to a computer technician. A technician may be the best adviser since he will not be looking at making money and will also ensure that you get a computer that will work well for you so that you do not complain about his advice later on.

The technician may also be the best option since he can advice on topics of memory and also give advice when it comes to applications. He will be in a position to advice which application is best when it comes to either editing or any other activity.

In general it really depend on the type of advise and level of expertise that you are searching for. When needing advice about what Laptop to buy the person or company to seek out will be different than when you are in need for a backup tape remediation expert for your corporation.

The other area that you can look at is going for computer reading materials. This may be wide and might take some time if you are to fully understand what to go for when it comes to computers. Reading can also help especially if you are looking at latest machines because you will find a variety of reviews which will give you a chance to understand what to expect when it comes to different computers.

The other place that you can pop in and get advice is the Computer support center. The support center will give you advice when it comes to programming and also when it comes to the features that are in different computers. The support centre will help you shop and buy a computer that will meet your demands.

When talking to the support centre, it is important to tell them all your expectations and plans and what you want to do with the computer. This information will help them direct you to the right track in finding the best machine that will work perfectly for you.

When your computer breaks down, the person you contact is the computer repair company; they can also be a good platform when you are trying to buy a computer. Computer repair companies are good option when it comes to buying a computer.

Those computer repair companies that have experience in repairing different types of computers, they definitely have an idea what to expect when it comes to computers. They know that ones that have effective and reliable features and therefore can help in advising you on what to go for when buying a new machine.

Getting best advice is good, though not many people pay attention to the advice they get since they fully rely on the guarantee that comes with the purchase of a new computer. The guarantee is good but there are some guarantees which do not cover some things. For example if the computer screen goes blank due to virus or any other reason, there may be some guarantees which do not cover such causes.

It is therefore important to seek advice and ensure that you get the best computer. The advice will also help when it comes to programming. There are some programs which cannot be installed in other computers due to its bulkiness. These are things that are important to know before one purchases a computer.

Advanced Micro Devices is an American multinational semiconductor company that is based in Sunnyvale, California. The company was established in 1969, with only $100,000. A year later the company introduced its first proprietary device, the Am 2501 logic counter. In 1979, Advanced Micro Devices went public and debuted on the New York Stock Exchange. Its first biggest customer was IBM and in 1982, IBM signed an agreement to serve as a second source to Intel for IBM PC microprocessors. Its history was established by a commitment to innovation and putting its customers first. The current President and Chief EXECUTIVE OFFICER is Rory Read and the senior vice president is Chekib Akrout.

Products for multifarious industries:

Today the MARKETS that they serve include the following:

Home/Consumer – The home and consumer segment offers consumers various products such as tablets, notebooks, and desktops.

Commercial – For the commercial segment, AMD offers products and services to the government, EDUCATION, small and midsize companies. Some of the products for this business segment include:

Industrial control and automation- AMD offers several applications that range from headless sensor and control systems, to complex displays with easy-to-use-human-machine interfaces and highly integrated controllers.

DIGITAL SIGNAGE retail- AMD offers its customers embedded processors that help deliver performances used in the digital signage and retail systems. Some of the features of their processors include: multiscreen installations, resolutions that exceed 1080p- up to 2560*16001, low-cost, low maintenance systems, built in HDMI, DVI and display port-cable interfaces, scalable performance enabling a flexible platform

Developers – AMD offers platform solutions, support for multiple languages, and support for open source.

AMD’s products are used everywhere and empower EMBEDDED DEVICES. On November 11, 2013, AMD announced new accelerated processing units for next-generation servers through important advancement in SOFTWARE TOOLS developed by AMD. The new servers will help servers adapt to modern data center workloads. Then new servers are designed to drive highly efficient, low-power, dense server solutions optimized for highly parallel and multimedia workloads.

Company AMD has announced the arrival of the first family low-cost budget Sempron processors, which will be equipped with new base Socket AM3. The first representative of a new type will be one core Sempron X1 140 based on the architecture of processors with Athlon X4 II core “Regor”. This will convert data with a frequency of 2.7 GHz, at full load will consume only 45 watts of electrical power as the processor core is made with 45-nm technology.

the presence of fast storage controller for DDR2 and DDR3 memory, a third version of Hyper Transport technology, which runs with frequency of 2.6 GHz and with support of visual technology AMD-V.

Intel is currently dominating the market of pocket and portable computers with Atom processors. Atom processors are equipped with one of two cores and are constructed with 45-nano-meter technology. Now Intel has announced that they developed a new successor to Atom processor which will come to stores until the end of the year.

The term over clocking simply refers to running the system at a faster speed than specified by the manufacturer. When executed this process is not as simple as it sounds. Over clocking processor often involves what and how much you know about your system which also means understanding its limitation and all the subtle ways in which you can work around it.

Referring to some good online guides would not just give you good firsthand knowledge of the over clocking process but also give you a step-by-step guide to executing the process of over clocking. These guides will also help you in understanding your systems limitations and also how to work around them to gain the maximum output.

If you would like to understand what over clocking does to your system, simply know that over clocking processor can make it run at a faster speed than it is meant for. The additional speed means that the processor does more work than the manufacturer stated it would, this may be good initially but depending on your system and how you execute the over clocking process and how you maintain your system it can completely damage your system.

Over clocking processor may damage the CPU but not necessarily, however if you use extreme voltage to execute the over clocking process there is a strong likelihood that the system may get permanently damaged. People try over clocking their processors to gain some extra performance from their systems without having to pay for the price of the system with enhanced speed. This is not a bad idea as long as the process is properly executed and for that you gain not just the basic knowledge but also expertise in the process of over clocking.

Things that are involved

FSB

You overclock your system by simply raising the FSB (front side buss). This speed is set at 266 MHz The FSB is set at 200 MHz for the e4xxx series. Raising the FSB is the only way to overclock your system, unless it is an engineer sample chip or an X6800+ (Both of these have unlocked multipliers.)

Multiplier

To overclock your system by using the multiplier, you simply change that number to a higher number than its stock multiplier. For example an engineer sample chip E6300 has a multiplier of 7x, but you can change it to a higher value, say 9x. If you leave the FSB at 266, then 9×266 = 2400Mhz = 2.4Ghz.

RAM

By overclocking your CPU by upping the FSB, you also cause your RAM to be overclocked. But is that a bad thing? Yes and no. For cheap value RAM you can not overclock your RAM much at all. You would be lucky with 50-100Mhz. By simply changing your RAM/CPU divider you can adjust your RAM speed also. Typically a good stable overclock consists of the RAM and the CPU running at a 1:1 ratio. For example if your CPU’s FSB speed set to 400Mhz and your in a 1:1 ratio, then your RAM will show up as running at 400Mhz in the BIOS. Because it is DDR2 the RAM is actually running at 800Mhz effective, which is PC6400 stock speeds.

Socket 775 Motherboards usually support different types of DDR2 Memory. Motherboards natively support 533Mhz DDR2 all the way up to 800Mhz DDR2. It is possibly to run faster memory like DDR2-1000 and even higher like 1200Mhz, but this is only possibly by changing the CPU/RAM divider or overclocking the CPU via FSB.

When looking at RAM, and the speed of the RAM there are two things to take into account. What is the rated speed of the RAM? DDR2 memory typically ranges from 533Mhz to upwards of 1200Mhz. The memory frequency is not the only thing to look at when comparing the speed of RAM. The timings or latencies are also important.

Most value RAM has very “loose” latencies. 5-5-5-15 is quite common for value RAM. Mid end RAM is usually somewhere around 4-4-4-12. Mid-High end RAM has timings like 4-4-3-5 or 4-4-3-8. High end RAM will have low latencies like 3-4-3-9. The most important number is the first number. The lower the first digit the faster the memory.

By default, most motherboards will set the RAM timings to 5-5-5-15, so it is necessary to go into the BIOS and change these timings to the timings recommended by the manufacturer.

Loosening up your RAM timings will allow for a higher overclock. For example if your memory is rated at 4-4-4-12 and is PC6400 and runs at 800Mhz, then “loosening” the timings to 5-5-5-15, might allow for an overclock of upwards of 900Mhz. While at the stock 4-4-4-12, 850Mhz was achievable.

On some motherboards, like my Gigabyte DS3P, all the memory latencies and voltages are locked by default. To view these advanced settings in your BIOS, I pressed Ctrol+F1. This unlocked a hidden menu with advanced features.

Monitoring temperatures

There is a handful of software out there that will allow you to monitor the temps of your CPU. Probably the most trusted program is called TAT (Thermal Analysis Tool) and can be downloaded directly from Intel. It usually gives accurate readings for most Core 2 Duo CPU’s. It measures the temperature of both CPU cores and this data can be monitored by TAT.

Intel recommends that the temperature of both CPU cores does not exceed 60C. The general rule of thumb I follow however is I like to stay under 65C max load, because I know in every day applications I will never even come close to reaching 60C. Gaming, encoding and other tasks never fully max out both CPU cores at 100% full load like Orthos does.

Software needed:

To safely overclock, you will need some sort of CPU monitoring program. I personally recommend TAT. Other programs such as Gigabytes Easy Tune, can be terribly off. I had Easy tune at one time reporting negative temps, while on air cooling.