Islam in IndiaThe Coming of Islam to South Asia. Muslim invasions from the seventh century added to the complexity of Indian civilization. Previous nomadic invaders usually had blended over time into India’s sophisticated civilization. Muslims, possessors of an equally sophisticated, but very different, culture were a new factor. The open, tolerant, and inclusive Hindu religion was based on a social system dominated by castes; whereas Islam was doctrinaire, monotheistic, evangelical, and egalitarian. In the earlier period of contact, conflict predominated, but as time passed, although tensions persisted, peaceful commercial and religious exchange occurred in a society where Muslim rulers governed Hindu subjects.

Political Divisions and the First Muslim Invasions. The Umayyad general Muhammad ibn Qasim conquered and annexed Sind, and, despite quarrels among succeeding Muslim dynasties, the occupation endured. Many Indians, treated as "people of the book" welcomed the new rulers because they offered religious tolerance and lighter taxes. Few Arabs resided in cities or garrison towns, and minimal conversion efforts did not change existing religious beliefs.

Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization. Although Islam's effect on India was minimal, Islamic civilization was enriched by Indian culture. Indian achievements in science, mathematics, medicine, music, and astronomy passed to the Arabs. Indian numerals were accepted, later to pass to Europe as "Arabic" numerals. Colonies of Arabs settled along India's coasts, adopted local customs, and provided staging points for later Islamic expansion to island and mainland Southeast India.

From Booty to Empire: The Second Wave of Muslim Invasions. After the initial Muslim conquests, internal divisions weakened Muslim rule and allowed limited Hindu reconquest. In the tenth century, a Turkish dynasty gained power in Afghanistan. Its third ruler, Mahmud of Ghazni, began two centuries of incursions into northern...

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...SOME ASPECTS OF THE MUSLIM EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN PRE-COLONIAL INDIA
by Aamir Bashir
ABSTRACT This paper explores some of the hitherto less known aspects of the Muslim Educational System in pre-colonial India. It examines the broad contours of this system by looking at the public attitude towards knowledge, scholars and students; the various types of institutions, and the evolution of curriculum. It also looks at the depth of Indian scholars’ engagement with ÍadÊth and other sciences. Finally, it also looks at Sufis and their attitude towards the various Islamic sciences. The paper suggests that the educational system of the period under study was organic in structure and was in tune with the needs of the individual and the society. The course of study was a good balance between the temporal and the religious. Indian ‘ulamÉ were fully engaged with the ÍadÊth sciences; and lastly, the Sufis gave great importance to all Islamic sciences. This paper suggests that the historical Muslim educational system in pre-colonial India provides valuable resources for the problems faced by modern educational systems.
INTRODUCTION The aim of this paper is to bring to light some of the hitherto less known aspects of the Muslim Educational System in pre-colonial India. By pre-colonial India, we refer to the time from the advent of Islam in India in the beginning of the eighth century CE...

...mosques.
(e) We know when over the main entrance of the prayer hall are Arabic numerals which indicate that the mosque was completed in the year 1314 after Hijrah.
(f) The Masjid Jamek Haji Wahab is going to replace by a seven-storey Islamic complex.
(g) The two reasons given for not pulling down Masjid Jamek Haji Wahab are, it is felt that its strategic location as a place of worship and another is that it’s interesting mixture of architectural styles is of historical value.
Section C
Travelling has always been something I wanted to do. Every time I visit a new area, I feel a new sense of understanding is created. One such understanding was learned during one of my vacations.
In December of 2011, my family and I went to India. We visited a city by the Ganges River called Haridwar. We took part in a ceremony which involved prayer to the Hindu gods and goddesses. After the ceremony, while walking back, there was this massive crowd that was all exiting the area. Walking down a couple of staircases, one could see the massive population migrating in the same direction, but while walking the people started to fork left and right and circle around a particular gap. I didn't realize what they were walking around until I got closer. It turns out the people were walking around a boy.
The child was a beggar who seemed about thirteen years old. He was sitting down on a couple of rags. The rags themselves were covered in mud and dirt. Piles...

...All-India Muslim League: Split and Reunification (1927-30)
Abdul Razzaq Shahid∗
The All-India Muslim League (AIML)1 struggled through a variety of circumstances to protect the rights of Indian Muslims. Throughout its history it had to face many challenges and passed through many crises. However, for the AIML the most crucial juncture was the year 1927 when it was divided into two groups: one led by Jinnah (1876-1948) and the other by Sir Muhammad Shafi (1869-1832). The AIML was reunited at Lahore but soon another serious challenge threatened its unity. Before going into details of split and reunification of the AIML its seems appropriate to analyse the political scenario of that time. The year 1926 saw bitter communal riots in various parts of India most of these riots took place in towns and cities where the Muslims were in a minority and therefore they suffered much more than the Hindus. It is reported that there were 40 riots between April 1926 to 1927 which resulted in 197 deaths and 1598 injured.2 These communal riots in 1926 culminated in Swami Shurdhanund’s murder on 23 December 1926, at the hand of a Muslim in Delhi which led to another round of communal disturbances.3 The gravity of the situation can be understood from the fact that Muhammad Yaqub (1879-1942) wrote a long letter to secretary AIML stating:
∗ 1. 2. 3.
Assistant Professor, Department of History and Pakistan Studies, Islamia University, Bahawalpur....

...Impact of Islam and Muslims in India
Expansion of trade
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Islam's impact was the most notable in the expansion of trade. The first contact of Muslims with India, was the Arab attack on a nest of pirates near modern-day Bombay, to safeguard their trade in the Arabian Sea. Around the same time many Arabs settled at Indian ports, giving rise to small Muslim communities. the growth of these communities was not only due to conversion, but also the fact that many Hindu kings of south India (such as those from Cholas) hired Muslims as mercenaries.
A significant aspect of the Muslim period in world history was the emergence of Islamic Sharia courts capable of imposing a common commercial and legal system that extended from Morocco in the West to Mongolia in the North East and Indonesia in the South East. While southern India was already in trade with Arabs/Muslims, northern India found new opportunities. As the Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms of Asia were subjugated by Islam, and as Islam spread through Africa - it became a highly centralizing force that facilitated in the creation of a common legal system that allowed letters of credit issued in say Egypt or Tunisia to be honoured in India or Indonesia (The Sharia has laws on the transaction of Business with both Muslims and Kaffirs[citation needed]). In order to cement their rule, Muslim rulers...

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Cultural Discussion |
Islam |
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DoddR |
5/12/2013 |
[A discussion and Identification of the history and location of the second largest religion and culture in the world, Islam and the followers of the faith, Muslims. A look at and description of the positive and negative points of the culture as well as ways in which Islam have affected and contributed to society.] |
Roddric Dodd Paragraph Word Count: 1041
Professor: Jason M. Brocato Total Word Count: 1128
Social Science 101-The Human Behavior Perspective
May 12, 2013
Cultural Discussion Paper
Section #1
Islam, a culture that I am least knowledgeable on, began in Mecca in western Saudi Arabia during the seventh century. Even though it is believed that this faith began with a small group of followers Islam is now one of the largest religion and culture practiced in the world today. It is said that Islam began with the prophet Muhammad during 570-632 AD when he was visited by an angel and received the message of Islam which believes “Allah is the only god” (Wuthnow 383). Those that submit themselves to this faith and Allah are called Muslims.
Muhammad a business man from Mecca and the founder of Islam was born 570-571 AD (Rieber). He was born into one of the most powerful and influential tribe of the time, Quraish. Muhammad’s father was a successful merchant who died...

...Islamism in Northern Africa and in the Middle East.
Islam was destined to become a world religion that created civilization worldwide (Barkati 2011) which succeeded as Islam is the world’s second largest religion after Christianity in the world today. Islam has many impacts and influences in many countries around the world especially in countries in northern Africa and in the Middle East (Diller 1994). Islamism has impact countries in Northern Africa and in the Middle East politically, economically, and culturally.
Factors such as geography, colonisation and population affected the impact of Islam in Northern Africa and in the Middle East greatly. But there were also other factors that were involved as the factors varied overtime as Islam became the dominant religion (HBC 2003). These factors sometimes intertwined with each other. Islam spread its political control rapidly through military defeat over the Middle East, Northern Africa and also in other places. From its birth in the Arabian Peninsula in the 17th century Islam spread through the world rapidly as this was a time where Muslim strength and unity were at their greatest as a result of the success of the Umayyad’s (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 2007). The European colonisation also had a major impact on the spread of Islamism as they had effects on the function of Islam in North Africa and in...

...India, “The land of Lords” is the world’s ancient civilization. India is also the land of various cultural diversities, where you will find a beautiful contrast of customary and contemporary ingredients. It is a place where you experience spirituality and solitude together. India is a land with legendary sagas, rich rituals, distinct cultures, various festivals and ceremonies. Also a land of historical monuments, architectural miracles and rich historical past.
Let us know more about India
5,000 year old ancient civilization
325 languages spoken – 1,652 dialects
18 official languages
28 states, 7 union territories
3.28 million sq. kilometers – Area
7,516 kilometers – Coastline
5600 dailies, 15000 weeklies and 20000 periodicals in 21 languages with a combined circulation of 142 million.
Worlds largest democracy.
Worlds 4th largest economy.
World-class recognition in IT, bio-technology and space.
Largest English speaking nation in the world.
3rd largest standing army force, over 1.5Million strong.
2nd largest pool of scientists and engineers in the World.
India has the largest Film Industry in the world, producing over 800 movies a year
The Manufacturing Industry in india
Bharat Forge has the world’s largest single-location forging facility; its clients include Honda, Toyota and Volvo amongst others.
Hero Honda with 1.7M motorcycles a year is now the largest motorcycle...