This report was commissioned by the Danish Climate Commission in 2009 to analyse how research, development and demonstration (RD&D) on sustainable energy technologies can contribute to make Denmark independent on fossil energy by 2050. It focuses on the RD&D investments needed as well as adequate framework conditions for Danish knowledge production and diffusion within this field. Report available on http://www.risoe.dtu.dk/Knowledge_base/publications/Reports/ris-r-1760.aspx