In the field of chemistry, delta H literally represents a change in system enthalpy. The delta symbol represents the actual change while the H is for enthalpy. Enthalpy in its most basic is the change in the amount or presence of heat in a given system. Considering that change is happening to a chemical reaction […]

Hydrolysis refers to a chemical process wherein compounds react with water. The typical result of this chemical reaction is the breakdown of the molecules of the compound involved and that of water. For water that is composed of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom, reaction with other compounds results to the splitting of these […]

HCHO is the formula for formaldehyde which is a compound chemical that comes in different forms. Formaldehyde under room temperature is a distinctive and colorless substance that has a pungent smell. It is also a gaseous compound that is flammable. Formaldehyde has many uses especially in the industries of construction and manufacturing such as the […]

Cyanide is a type of chemical that is form when carbon triple-bonds with nitrogen. Such combination can also be mixed up with other metals to form various compounds, such as sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, and hydrogen cyanide. Cyanide is often correlated to a deadly poison because it has been involved in fishing issues. In many […]

KOH refers to Potassium Hydroxide, which is also called lye or caustic potash. Together with sodium hydroxide, it creates a strong base that releases OH- in the solution. KOH can be corrosive and in the presence of acids, can also be explosive. Potassium hydroxide may come in the form of white or yellowish lumps, pellets, […]

Introduction: Malic acid as the name indicates is an organic decarboxylic acid found in many fruits (Cherry, apple) that has many functions in the body. Many plants produce their own malic acid while in animals it mainly functions as an energy source mainly converting carbohydrates in to energy. It is a very important substance both […]

Catalyst is a term used to refer to any element that fastens the rate at which a reaction takes place without getting consumed. A catalyst can either be synthetic, metallic or organic. Enzymes are catalysts that occur naturally and are responsible for numerous important biochemical reactions. Many catalysts that are in solid form are metals […]

The Law of conservation of mass is a law in chemistry formulated by Antoine Lavoisier back in 1789. This law basically states that the mass of matter or objects are conserved or does not change even if it undergoes change or chemical reaction. The mass of an object remains constant despite going through a chemical […]

Mass number refers to the total number of protons and neutrons contained in a single element. The mass number is an essential factor in determining the isotopic mass, which is measured using atomic mass. Every isotope contains different mass number but may differ in atomic number. For instance, there may be more neutrons compared to […]

In the field of chemistry, a mixture simply refers to the type of material system which is composed of two or more substances that are mixed together, but are not chemically combined. Basically, a mixture is only the physical combination of substances, and may come in the form of suspensions, colloids, or solutions. A mixture […]

Fluoride is an element that occurs naturally in water, soil, foods and varied minerals like fluorite and fluorapatite. Out of all elements found on earth’s crust, fluoride ranks 13th in abundance. Fluoride is a chemical ion in the fluorine element. It contains one additional electron that makes its charge negative. In seawater, the amount of […]

LPG is the short version of Liquefied Petroleum Gas. LPG is an altered chemical compound of natural gas though LPG and natural gas are both hydrocarbons. LPG is made up of propane, which has 8 hydrogen atoms and 3 carbon atoms, and butane, which has 10 hydrogen atoms and 4 carbon atoms. When a comparison […]

GLA is an abbreviation for gamma-linoleic acid. GLA is an omega-6 fatty acid found mainly in plant-based oils like oils in borage seeds, evening primrose and black currant seeds. Omega-6 fats are regarded as crucial fatty acids. They are important in the health of human beings but are not generated by the body. Instead, these […]

Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) a technology used by industrial plants to inhibit the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Instead of allowing them to escape, industrial plants compress the carbon dioxide and inject them into a rock formation in the core of the earth where it is permanently stored. Another role of CCS is […]

Antioxidants are elements of chemical nature that occur naturally and artificially. They are nutrients that contribute electrons and fight free radicals. Antioxidants can slow down the rate at which cells are damaged or stop it all together. Antioxidants are really not substances per se, but a behavior. Vegetables and fruits are important sources of normal […]

In the field of chemistry, Avogadro’s number refers to the number of units or particles in a given mole of substance. Moles in chemistry represent the actual measure of the contents or units of a particular substance. The unit or particle components of moles are then added up to come up with the Avogadro’s number. […]

Beta-carotene is a natural chemical that belongs to the carotenoid family. It is present in many plants and vegetables and provides the orange pigment or color to them. Carrots and pumpkins for example derive their orange color from beta-carotene. Aside from its pigment contribution to a variety of fruits and vegetables, beta-carotene also act as […]

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener that is commonly used for a variety of processed food products. Through the synthesis of various amino acids, the known sugar-substitute called aspartame can be created. The main components of aspartame include phenylalanine, methanol, and aspartic acid. These combined ingredients are said to provide a sweeter taste compared to standard […]

Libido is defined as a person’s sexual drive or desire for sexual activity. In relation to science, all animals including humans have this so-called innate desire or longing for procreation. This inner desire is initially thought of as something biological in nature. This is because a person’s hormonal levels are said to dictate whether a […]

In the field of chemistry, neutralization is a process that produces salt and water out of combining and acidic substance with a basic substance. Acids and bases have opposite pH levels. Substances, solutions, or compounds that have a pH of 1 to 6 are classified as acids. Those with pH levels of 8 to 14 […]

Alchemy is an ancient practice or tradition of creating something out of another thing. In the past, alchemists were known transform objects like basic metals into gold and silver for example. They are also able to create potions and elixirs to promote long life and youthfulness. Alchemy was said to be practiced by ancient Arabs, […]

Distilled water is the water produced from the process of distillation wherein water is boiled first and then the resulting steam will be collected into another container. This second container will then hold the distilled water. The process of distillation may be done several times in order to remove possible microbes and/or impurities in the […]

HC03 is the chemical formula for bicarbonates. These are substances that are formed from the removal of protons from the main substance called carbonic acid. When ions Of opposite charges come in contact with each other, it will result in the formation of bicarbonate salts. These salts are typically water-soluble given that the conditions are […]

Glycol is an organic compound that belongs to the alcohol group. One molecule of glycol is composed of two hydroxyl groups that is commonly attached to various atoms of carbon. When speaking about glycol, most people also refer to “ethylene glycol” which is considered the simplest form of glycol. Another popular derivative of the glycol […]

Cetearyl alcohol is a type of alcohol that is part of the fatty alcohol group commonly used as thickening or emulsifying agents in many household and cosmetic products. It is formed by combining cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol which are considered very useful in terms of substance absorption and texture which are very important properties […]

In uninterrupted conditions and circumstances, most ions or atoms are classified as neutrally charged. This simply means that the number of protons and electrons they contain are equal in number. Protons contain positive charge while the electrons contain negative charge. When these ions or atoms lose or gain either one proton or electron, they undergo […]

What is MnS04? MnS04 is the chemical formula for manganese sulfate. As a chemical compound, manganese sulfate has a pinkish color and is naturally found in some plants and vegetables including whole grains, nuts, and legumes among many others. MnSO4 may also be labelled as MnS04-H20 and referred to as manganese sulfate monohydrate. The manganese […]

KClO3 is also known as potassium chlorate. Potassium chlorate is a compound which contains potassium, chlorine and oxygen atoms. KClO3 is the molecular formula used to denote potassium chlorate in chemical equations. It is a white crystalline substance when in pure form. Students of chemistry are introduced to this chemical in the chemistry lab, where […]

Arsenic is a chemical that is found in people’s natural environment, particularly the Earth’s crust. As a mineral and chemical substance, arsenic is classified as a metalloid and has metal-like properties. This explains why arsenic is commonly used in combination with other elements to produces stronger alloys for example. Since arsenic is naturally sourced from […]

MBDB refers to a chemical substance called Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine. It is classified as a stimulant and psychedelic chemical but is only used for research and not for human consumption. This simply means that the commercial use of this drug is prohibited and it should be used solely for the purpose of laboratory research. MBDB is part […]

“Cohesion” and “adhesion” are properties demonstrated by certain particles, substances, or surfaces when they are combined or mixed with each other. The main difference is that when two different particles or substances are combined, the term used for the particle’s tendencies to stick together is called adhesion. On the other hand, “cohesion” refers to the […]

“DDT chemical” refers to “dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane,” a chemical that has no color, odor, or taste. It appears crystal-like and in a solid form created by synthetic means. It is widely used as an insecticide, and it belongs to the halogen family of compounds. The formulation of DDT was said to be first made back in 1874 […]

What are BFRs? BFRs, or brominated flame retardants, are chemical compounds that are mixed with other substances to reduce their combustibility. As the name suggests, they are used with the intention of lessening the chance of combustion for some materials and substances. BMR chemicals are used in the manufacture of various products including clothes and […]

“FPLC” stands for “fast protein liquid chromatography,” and it refers to a procedure in chemistry that makes use of two techniques in combination. These two techniques are liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The former technique deals with the separation of chemicals in liquid while the latter technique specializes in the measurement of the mass and […]

“AMU” refers to “atomic mass unit.” This particular system of measurement is also referred to as a “dalton” with the symbol “Da.” As a form of measurement, the AMU is used to indicate the so-called mass of an atom or molecule. When talking about the mass of a particular molecule, for example, it simply refers […]

What is beryl? Beryl is short for beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate. It is a popular mineral because it occurs in a variety of colors, with many of them considered very precious. When one speaks of beryl, many people automatically think about gemstones and jewelry. In its pure form, beryl is said to possess no color. Along […]

What is CFC? CFC is short for chlorofluorocarbons and they refer to a compound that is composed of three chemicals namely chlorine, carbon, and fluorine. CFC is a chemical compound that is considered man-made and dangerous to the environment. As a chemical compound, CFCs are known to be colorless and have a sweet odor. CFC […]

What is NaOH? NaOH is the chemical formula for sodium hydroxide. This chemical substance is also known as caustic soda or lye. In its pure state, sodium hydroxide is white in color and is commonly found in the form of pellets, granules, or flakes. Sodium hydroxide is also highly soluble in water and has high […]

What is Citric Acid? Citric acid is a substance that can naturally be found in citrus fruits. It is considered a weak and inorganic acid that easily mixes with a variety of liquids. Because of its dissolving properties, citric acid is commonly used in the food and softdrinks industry. It gives off the characteristic sour […]

What is KCLO4? KCL04 is the chemical notation for potassium perchlorate. It is an inorganic type of salt that is usually found in crystalline form and with no color. Potassium perchlorate is commonly used as an oxidizer and because of this property it is used by several industries. With easy reaction to many organic substances, […]

What is ClO4? ClO4 is the chemical notation for perchlorate. It is an ion that is derived from HClO4 or perchloric acid. Perchlorates are also salts which can be found naturally on soil, surface water, and ground water. This chemical ion can also be found “man-made” particularly in manufacturing industries. Perchlorates are used in a […]

What is PVA? PVA or polyvinyl alcohol is a synthetic form of polymer that has no color, no odor, and can be dissolved in water. Much of PVA is used in the textile and paper industries. These synthetic polymers provide strength to sheets of textiles and helps paper products resist stains from greases and/or oily […]

What is Krypton? Krypton is a chemical element that is considered a noble gas similar to Neon. This particular gaseous element has no taste, color, and odor and can only be found in trace amounts in the Earth’s atmosphere or only about one part per million. Because of its scarcity, this element presents difficulty in […]

What is Nitrogen? Nitrogen is a gaseous element that is abundantly found in the Earth’s atmosphere. This particular element has no taste, odor, or color and is said to be an important component for various living organisms. Nitrogen is part of the air that animals and humans breathe and this chemical element is also part […]

What is Potassium Cyanide? Potassium cyanide is crystalline inorganic compound that is colorless. It is referred to as KCN, which is also its molecular formula, and looks very similar to sugar. And just like sugar, potassium cyanide is water-soluble. Others also refer to it as hydrocyanic acid potassium salt. KCN or potassium cyanide is said […]

What Is Water? Being one of the four basic elements for survival, water has played a major part in the continued existence of life in this planet. This actually sets Earth apart from all other planets and has been considered as the only planet capable of sustaining life, up to this very moment. In fact, […]

What is Rhodium? Rhodium is a rare chemical element closely related to the platinum group. It is considered a transition metal with usually silvery white color. Rhodium that occur naturally are said to contain only one isotope. Due to its rarity as a precious metal, rhodium is considered the most expensive in its class. Rhodium […]

What is SGC? SGC stands for “soluble guanylyl cyclase” and it is a substance which is said to be the only known receptor for the compound nitric oxide or NO. Nitric Oxide is a very important molecule in humans for its cell signaling properties. It is also a big use in the chemical industry, though […]

What Is XRD? If you are a mineralogist or a chemist, you might be very familiar of the process called XRD. XRD stands for X- Ray diffraction. It is a process often used in these fields. It is actually a technique of examining the chemical make- up of unidentified solids. Let us say for instance, […]

What is Xenon used for? Xenon is noble or inert gas commonly used for lighting purposes. It can be used in making a variety of lamps or light fixtures such as strobe lights, electron tubes, bactericidal lamps, arc lamps, and head lamps. This particular chemical element is said to be heavy, has no odor and […]

What is Neon used for? Neon is a chemical element and is one of many noble gases found in the universe. It can rarely be found in this planet but is abundant in the rest of the universe. Under normal and standard conditions, this chemical element is said to give out a very distinct reddish […]

What is Plutonium? Plutonium is a highly radioactive metal that has a gray or silver color and is named after the dwarf planet Pluto. This metal is quite rare and can be found in ores rich in uranium but in trace amounts. It was said to be discovered in the year 1940 when uranium was […]

What is CuO? Are you looking for a pigment for ceramics that will produce blue, red, and green glazes? Or you want to make dry cell batteries? I know what you need; it’s Copper (II) Oxide. Copper (II) Oxide (CuO), also known as Cupric Oxide, is a black powder called as tenorite. It melts up […]

What does DDT stand for? DDT or dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane is a type of synthetic pesticide which works by attacking the nerves of pests. Credit for its use as an effective pesticide goes to Paul Muller, a Swiss scientist who got a Nobel Prize in 1948 for this particular discovery. DDT as a pesticide became widely known […]

What is Nitrogen Fixation? Green plants require several important elements in order to make their food and carry out the various life sustaining processes they need to survive. One of these important elements is Nitrogen which happens to be the most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere. However, the nitrogen in the atmosphere is not […]

What is Glycogen? Glycogen is a molecule that is derived from glucose and is primarily stored in liver and muscle cells for use later as energy. These molecules are stored by the body when there is excess starch or carbohydrates for energy consumption. They will only be activated for use after the carbohydrates are used […]

What is CaCO3? CaCO3 is a chemical formula for the compound called Calcium Carbonate. It is composed of three elements namely Calcium, Carbon, and Oxygen. It is a solid compound which is white, non-toxic, and odorless. Practically the earth’s own crust contains this mineral making it one of the most abundant raw materials that can […]

What is Hydrogen? Hydrogen is a simple chemical element in which its atom consists only of one proton and one electron. It is a type of gas with no odor and color and is widely abundant across our own universe. It is said to be lightest among all chemical elements when measured at normal temperatures […]

What is Dry Ice? When you freeze carbon dioxide, the end product will be dry ice. Carbon dioxide is what animals and humans exhale in which plants utilize for the production of their food or the process called photosynthesis. Dry ice has a very low temperature and is typically used as coolant. The temperature of […]

What is Activation Energy? Activation energy refers to the amount of energy required by certain chemicals for them to have a reaction. Some chemicals are able to react with each other immediately if placed in close proximity. But there are other chemical types that need some extra push to gain some sort of activity between […]

What is Benzene? Benzene is a chemical compound which exists in the liquid state. The credit of isolation of the compound goes to Michael Faraday. The word benzene is derived from the word “Benjamin” which means gum resin. It is colorless and possesses a sweet smell. Benzene is known to catch fire easily. Carbon and […]

What is Lithium? Lithium carries the symbol Li in the periodic table of elements. It is a metal characterized by an exceptionally soft and silver-gray in color. The metal is considered exceptionally reactive and so it is used in a wide range of industrial applications. Industries use Lithium in the form of compounds and alloys. […]

What is Buffer Solution? A buffer solution is a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base (the resulting substance when an acid’s hydrogen is removed) in water, and in some cases a weak base and its conjugate acid in water. This solution is resistant to changes in its pH level when mixed with […]

What is Dimethicone? Dimethicone is an ingredient used in widely commercialized skin and hair care products. Shampoos are one of the many hair care products containing dimethicone. Dimethicone is actually a silicon oil that is, when mixed with shampoos, will make your hair shiny and slippery. Knowing if the skin care of hair care product […]

What is Distillation? Distillation is a process that has been used by humankind for thousands of years ago. It was believed to be first used by the Arab chemists to separate perfume. Today, distillation plays a significant role in the organic chemistry. Chemists can identify and purify organic compounds using the distillation method. How is […]

What is Urea? Carbamide or more commonly known as urea is an organic chemical compound. This organic chemical compound is the waste product of the body when protein is metabolized. The liver is the organ responsible for breaking down proteins and amino acids to produce urea. Mammals, amphibians and some other fish have the ability […]

What is pH? pH is a term in chemistry that is used as a unit of measurement for the acidity or basicity of solutions. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 as the most acidic and 14 as the most basic. A pH of 7 means the solution is neutral. Examples of […]

What is Heat of Fusion? Heat of fusion is the thermal energy that needs to be added in order to turn a solid into liquid (melting) or the thermal energy that needs to be subtracted in order to turn a liquid into solid (solidification). The transformation from solid to liquid and liquid to solid occurs […]

Chemistry is a physical science dealing with the composition of matter and how they react to one another. It is said to have been a true science around the 1600s, when the pioneering chemists began the study of the most basic structure of matter, such as elements and compounds. Chemistry is inextricably linked to physics, […]

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