Ever since it joined the European Union, the roads in Portugal have messed up my itinerary — I still keep arriving in each new town hours before I thought I would. While I remember a time when there were absolutely no freeways in this country, Portugal now has plenty. They build them so fast, even my Michelin map is missing new ones.

In the past, open fish stalls lined the streets; now they've been moved into "more hygienic" covered shops. Widows no longer wear black. Rather than crusty old locals doing the hard work, you see lots of immigrant laborers.

Yet Portugal is still a humble and relatively isolated place. Driving into seaside Nazaré, you'll still see women squatting on the curb as you enter the town. Their hope: to waylay tourists from reserved hotel rooms with signs saying, "Quartos!" — meaning rooms for rent…cheap. (Simple hotels all over Portugal rent decent double rooms for $80, and passable dives can be had for $50 per double.)

Service is friendly in the hole-in-the-wall restaurants, and portions are huge. Menus often list prices for entrées in two columns: dose and meia dose. A dose is generally enough to feed two and routinely split by those interested in saving money. Meia dose means a half-portion (enough for one person), while prato do dia is the daily special.

I've noticed all over Europe that monks are famous for brewing beer and distilling liquors. But in Portugal, menus are rounded out by a fun selection of nun-inspired pastries called "convent sweets."

Portugal once had access to more sugar than any other European country. Even so, sugar was so expensive that only the aristocracy could afford to enjoy it routinely. Historically, daughters of aristocrats who were unable to marry into noble families ended up in high-class convents. Life there was comfortable, yet carefully controlled. Rather than romance, they could covet and treat themselves with sweets. Over time, the convents became famous as keepers of secret recipes for exquisite pastries generally made from sugar and egg yolks (which were leftovers from egg whites used to starch their habits). Barrigas de Freiras ("Nuns' Bellies") and Papos de Anjo ("Angel's Tummies") are two such fancies. For a good sampling, I've taken to asking for mixta dulce, and waiters are happy to bring a nibble of several of their top sobremesas (desserts).

While they are enthusiastic about sweets from convents, young people don't go to church much in Portugal these days. But the country is remarkably Catholic for the sightseer. The main sights of most towns are the musty, old churches — those Gothic, stone shells crammed with dusty, gold-leaf Baroque altars.

And the village of Fátima, not far from Nazaré, is one of Europe's top pilgrimage destinations. In 1917, three kids encountered the Virgin Mary near Fátima and were asked to return on the 13th of each month for six months. The final apparition was witnessed by thousands of locals. Ever since, Fátima is on the pilgrimage trail — mobbed on the 13th of each month from May through October.

On my last visit, the vast esplanade leading to the basilica and site of the mystical appearance was quiet. A few, solitary pilgrims shuffled on knees slowly down the long, smooth approach. Inside the church, I found a forest of candles dripping their wax into a fiery trench that funnels the hot liquid into a bin to be "resurrected" as new candles.

Huge letters spelling "Queen of the Holy Rosary of Fátima Pray for Us" in Latin ring the ceiling of the basilica. The late Pope John Paul II loved Fátima and visited it three times. (After the attempted assassination of John Paul in 1981, the Vatican revealed that the incident was predicted by Our Lady of Fátima in 1917.)

Wandering around modern Fátima and its commercial zone, I'm impressed by how it mirrors my image of a medieval pilgrim zone: oodles of picnic benches, endless parking, and desolate toilets for the masses. Just beyond the church, 30 stalls lining a mall await the monthly onslaught on the 13th. Even without any business, old ladies still watch over their booths, surrounded by trinkets for pilgrims — including gaudy, wax body parts and rosaries that will be blessed after Mass and taken home to remember Our Lady of Fátima.

Vivid memories of Portugal — whether heavenly sweets or slick new freeways — are abundant in this country with one foot in the past and one in the future.