Crate is not punishment.... But it is used or time outs or cooling down periods so he can relax.

Think of a kid who misbehaves, where do you tell him to go, usually his room. Same idea going on here... Associating crate with a safe place and relaxation.

I never send my child to her bedroom as a punishment as that was the only place in the house that was her's and it was place to feel good about going to not to hate . This is the same reason I do not put my dog into his crate to cool or chill out. Marty will go into his crate when he want to take a nap away from me.