The code of chivalry that developed in medieval Europe had its roots in earlier centuries. It arose from the idealisation of the early medieval synthesis of Germanic and Roman martial traditions —involving military bravery, individual training, and service to others—especially in Francia, among horse soldiers in Charlemagne's cavalry.<ref name="gautier2">{{#invoke:Footnotes | harvard_core }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:Footnotes | harvard_core }}</ref> The term chivalry derives from the Old French term chevalerie, which can be translated to "horse soldiery".Unknown extension tag "ref"Gautier states that knighthood emerged from the Teutonic forests and was nurtured into civilization and chivalry by the Catholic Church.<ref name="harvp|Crouch|2005|p=12">{{#invoke:Footnotes | harvard_core }}</ref>