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... be called "temporarily beneficial" . For example, maybe the sickle cell allele, which is more common where malaria is rampant, will be ... enough competitive advantage during their beneficial period, the normal form may have been weeded out. Thus such "temporarily beneficial" ...

... genetic basis. "These are the genes that might underlie this form of cancer," she says. Regardless of their role in breast cancer, ... occur in about one in every 200 births. Examples are cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell anemia, Huntington's disease, and hereditary hemochromatosis” ...

... changes take place. The point is do these changes lead to new species formation. (See the links I gave you above.) And this of course leads to ... to be protective against cholera? This is a similar idea as the sickle-cell mutation. Systems biologists are increasingly recognising the ...

... cancers. It was previously thought that most genomic rearrangements formed randomly but emerging data suggest that many are nonrandom, cell type-, ... one such phenotype is the behaviour of hemoglobin containing the sickle-cell mutation. It is no wonder that Darwin himself acknowledged he ...

May I remind you that it was you who introduced the sickle cell as a beneficial mutation, that NS has (non randomly)selected to protect ... to argue that beneficial mutations are possible, but that they could not form complex systems because they don't make big enough changes to the genome, ...