According to Pulitzer winner Charles Duhigg, the art of focus is training your mind to know what it can safely ignore. Duhigg's latest book is "Smarter FasterBetter: The Secrets of Being Productive in Life and Business" (http://goo.gl/gNhDR6).
Read more at BigThink.com: http://bigthink.com/videos/charles-duhigg-on-training-your-mind-to-stay-focused
FollowBigThink here:
YouTube: http://goo.gl/CPTsV5
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BigThinkdotcom
Twitter: https://twitter.com/bigthink
Transcript - Nowadays it’s incredibly hard to stay focused. There’s so many distractions around us at any given moment. Your pocket vibrates at any given moment because you’re getting ten new emails and on social media there’s all these new notifications and the phone is ringing and your kids need help and your colleagues are coming up because you are working in an open office plan and they’re asking you to chime in on some memo. Maintaining focus nowadays is harder than ever before. But it’s way more critical too. One of the things that we know about the most productive people and the most productive companies is that they create ways to enhance their focus. They manage their mind in such a way that they’re able to focus on what’s important and ignore distractions much better. And the way that they do this is by what’s known as building mental models.
Essentially telling themselves stories about what they expect to see, engaging in this kind of inner dialogue about what they think should be happening that allows their brain almost subconsciously to figure out what to pay attention to and what to ignore. One of my favorite examples of this is a big study that was done of nurses in NICUs. Some researchers from a group named ClientAssociates went into some hospitals because they wanted to figure out why some nurses were so good at paying attention to the right things whereas others got distracted by all the noise and bustle around them. And what they found is that the best nurses in NICUs which is the neonatal intensive care unit who were handling these babies, the nurses who were almost had a sixth sense or an ESP about figuring out which babies were sick and were getting sicker were the ones who were constantly telling themselves stories about what they expected to see as they were walking around the hospital. So one of my favorite interviews from this study was with a nurse named Darlene. And Darlene said that what she would do is that she always was keeping a picture in her brain of what she thought the perfect baby should look like. And so she would walk through the unit and she would notice when babies didn’t kind of match that picture in her brain, right. And they would match – they would mismatch that picture in kind of odd ways. Read full transcript here: https://goo.gl/dRTTZW.

published:15 Sep 2016

views:184725

What is MENTAL MODEL? What does MENTAL MODEL mean? MENTAL MODEL meaning - MENTAL MODEL definition - MENTAL MODEL explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
A mental model is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world. It is a representation of the surrounding world, the relationships between its various parts and a person's intuitive perception about his or her own acts and their consequences. Mental models can help shape behaviour and set an approach to solving problems (akin to a personal algorithm) and doing tasks.
A mental model is a kind of internal symbol or representation of external reality, hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-making. Kenneth Craik suggested in 1943 that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality that it uses to anticipate events.
Jay Wright Forrester defined general mental models as:
The image of the world around us, which we carry in our head, is just a model. Nobody in his head imagines all the world, government or country. He has only selected concepts, and relationships between them, and uses those to represent the real system.
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. At other times it is used to refer to mental models and reasoning and to the mental model theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and RuthM.J. Byrne.
The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
Philip Johnson-Laird published Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference and Consciousness in 1983. In the same year, Dedre Gentner and Albert Stevens edited a collection of chapters in a book also titled Mental Models. The first line of their book explains the idea further: "One function of this chapter is to belabor the obvious; people's views of the world, of themselves, of their own capabilities, and of the tasks that they are asked to perform, or topics they are asked to learn, depend heavily on the conceptualizations that they bring to the task." (see the book: Mental Models).
Since then, there has been much discussion and use of the idea in human-computer interaction and usability by researchers including Donald Norman and Steve Krug (in his book Don't Make Me Think). Walter Kintsch and Teun A. van Dijk, using the term situation model (in their book Strategies of Discourse Comprehension, 1983), showed the relevance of mental models for the production and comprehension of discourse.
One view of human reasoning is that it depends on mental models. In this view, mental models can be constructed from perception, imagination, or the comprehension of discourse (Johnson-Laird, 1983). Such mental models are akin to architects' models or to physicists' diagrams in that their structure is analogous to the structure of the situation that they represent, unlike, say, the structure of logical forms used in formal rule theories of reasoning. In this respect, they are a little like pictures in the picture theory of language described by philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1922. Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M.J. Byrne developed a theory of mental models which makes the assumption that reasoning depends, not on logical form, but on mental models (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991).
Mental models are based on a small set of fundamental assumptions (axioms), which distinguish them from other proposed representations in the psychology of reasoning (Byrne and Johnson-Laird, 2009). Each mental model represents a possibility. A mental model represents one possibility, capturing what is common to all the different ways in which the possibility may occur (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 2002). Mental models are iconic, i.e., each part of a model corresponds to each part of what it represents (Johnson-Laird, 2006). Mental models are based on a principle of truth: they typically represent only those situations that are possible, and each model of a possibility represents only what is true in that possibility according to the proposition. However, mental models can represent what is false, temporarily assumed to be true, for example, in the case of counterfactual conditionals and counterfactual thinking (Byrne, 2005).

published:29 Jan 2017

views:4567

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New WaysClick hare #SMKTV
1-------- Mental Models?
2-------What is a MentalModel?
3---------The Secret to GreatThinking?
1-------- Mental Models?
You can train your brain to think better. One of the best ways to do this is to expand the set of mental models you use to think. Let me explain what I mean by sharing a story about a world-class thinker.
I first discovered what a mental model was and how useful the right one could be while I was reading a story about Richard Feynman, the famous physicist. Feynman received his undergraduate degree from MIT and his Ph.D. from Princeton. During that time, he developed a reputation for waltzing into the math department and solving problems that the brilliant Ph.D. students couldn’t solve.
2-------What is a Mental Model?
A mental model is an explanation of how something works. It is a concept, framework, or worldview that you carry around in your mind to help you interpret the world and understand the relationship between things. Mental models are deeply held beliefs about how the world works.
For example, supply and demand is a mental model that helps you understand how the economy works. Game theory is a mental model that helps you understand how relationships and trust work. Entropy is a mental model that helps you understand how disorder and decay work.
Mental models guide your perception and behavior. They are the thinking tools that you use to understand life, make decisions, and solve problems. Learning a new mental model gives you a new way to see the world—like Richard Feynman learning a new math technique.
3---------The Secret to Great Thinking?
Expanding your set of mental models is something experts need to work on just as much as novices. We all have our favorite mental models, the ones we naturally default to as an explanation for how or why something happened. As you grow older and develop expertise in a certain area, you tend to favor the mental models that are most familiar to you.
Here's the problem: when a certain worldview dominates your thinking, you’ll try to explain every problem you face through that worldview. This pitfall is particularly easy to slip into when you're smart or talented in a given area.
The more you master a single mental model, the more likely it becomes that this mental model will be your downfall because you’ll
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https://youtu.be/0E4DPyBGFsc
5:The 5 most dangerous tourist destinations in the world...
https://youtu.be/xTXTFEE52CM

published:01 Feb 2018

views:1088

Jerry Thompson from MarcUSA talks about an entirely new level in attitude research called "Mental Modeling" that his firm, Marc USA, is using to not only learn what stakeholders are thinking, but what makes people think what they think.
Marc USA - http://marcusa.com/
On Site and Thanks To - Station Square in Pittsburgh - http://www.stationsquare.com/

published:21 Jul 2017

views:52

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for mastering skills in communication and persuasion.
http://argumentninja.com/podcast/019-understanding-your-divided-mind-kahneman-haidt-and-greene/
On this episode I offer a gentle introduction to three different approaches to understanding our divided mind. I compare and contrast the dual-process theories of Daniel Kahneman (Thinking, Fast and Slow), Jonathan Haidt (The Righteous Mind) and Joshua Greene (MoralTribes).
The simple mental models these authors use should be part of every critical thinker’s toolbox.
My other goal with this episode is to give enough background to help listeners think more critically about dual-process theories themselves, to better understand the state of the science and the diversity of views that fall under this label.
Breakdown:
- Why it’s important to cultivate multiple mental models (2:40)
- Kahneman and Tversky: biases and heuristics (4:20)
- Example: the availability heuristic (5:30)
- Cognitive biases originating from mismatches between the problem a heuristic was designed to solve, and the problem actually faced (8:20)
- Dual-process theories in psychology that pre-date System 1 and System 2 (9:35)
- The System 1 – System 2 distinction (12:00)
- Kahneman’s teaching model: System 1 and System 2 as personified agents (18:30)
- Example: “Answering an EasierQuestion” (19:30)
- How beliefs and judgments are formed: System 1 to System 2 (22:20)
- System 2 can override System 1 (23:35)
- Assessing Kahneman’s model (25:40)
- Introduction to Jonathan Haidt (28:40)
- The Elephant and the Rider model (30:50)
- Principles for changing human behavior, based on the Elephant and the Rider model (33:00)
- Introduction to Haidt’s moral psychology (34:00)
- Haidt’s dual-process view of moral judgment (34:30)
- Moral reasoning as an adaptation for social influence (35:20)
- Moral intuitions as evolutionary adaptations (36:30)
- Introduction to the moral emotions (six core responses) (37:50)
- Liberal versus conservative moral psychology (39:20)
- The moral matrix: it “binds us and blinds us” (40:30)
- What an enlightened moral stance would look like (41:55)
- Assessing Haidt’s model (42:40)
- Introduction to Joshua Greene (46:20)
- Greene’s digital camera model: presets vs manual mode (47:20)
- When preset mode (moral intuition) is unreliable (50:52)
- When should we rely on System 2, “manual mode” (52:40)
- Greene’s consequentialist view of moral reasoning (53:10)
- How Greene’s dual-process view of moral judgment differs from Haidt’s (53:30)
- Summary: the value of multiple mental models for critical thinking (55:55)
---
For show notes, commentary, full transcripts, and to learn more about how to subscribe to the Argument Ninja podcast:
http://argumentninja.com
Support the development of the Argument Ninja Academy on Patreon!
http://patreon.com/kevindelaplante
Join the discussion on Facebook:
http://facebook.com/CriticalThinkerAcademy

published:01 Jun 2017

views:1021

How To StopLiving Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish
SHOWNOTES: http://www.scienceofsuccess.co/show-notes/2016/6/7/how-to-stop-living-your-life-on-autopilot-take-control-and-build-a-toolbox-of-mental-models-to-understand-reality-with-farnam-streets-shane-parrish
Do you feel like your life is on auto-pilot? Do you want to take control and build a better and deeper understanding of reality? In this episode we discuss mental models, cognitive biases, go deep on decision-making and how to improve and build a smarter decision-making framework and we look at a number of key mental models that you can add to your mental toolbox.
If you want to dramatically improve your decision making with a few short steps - listen to this episode!
Shane Parrish is the founder and author of the Farnam Street blog, which has been featured in Forbes, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, and much more, its one of my personal favorite blogs and an incredible resource dedicated to making you smarter every day by mastering the best of what other’s have already figured out.
We discuss the following topics:
-Why you should focus on mastering things that change slowly or don’t change at all
-Why reading “pop” books and news doesn’t make you smarter
-How to pattern interrupt yourself when you get focused on the wrong things
-What “mental models” are and how you can use them to your advantage
-Why you should focus on your “circle of competence"
-How to reduce your blindspots and make better decisions
-Simple steps you can take right now to improve your decision-making
-How to think about the world like Charlie Munger
-How you can avoid becoming “a man with a hammer"
-Why you should focus on avoiding stupidity instead of trying to be smart
-Why its so important that you should keep a decision journal (how to do it)
-And much more!
Learn more and visit Shane at https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/
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JOIN OUR EMAIL LIST: http://scienceofsuccess.co

Barry Kayton describes how we use mental models to guide our thinking, and how great thinkers are able to switch between one mental model and another. Cognician, a dynamic new thought processor to debut late 2010, is a system for capturing and sharing mental models in order to provoke thought. You can use Cognician to help you think by letting it guide you systematically according to a mental model that you choose from its catalogue. It helps you think better, further, faster. It's thought provoking software.

published:02 Apr 2010

views:3865

Individual decisions are dictated by one's mindset. A company's decisions too are dictated by an organisational mindset formed over years of being in the business. Oftentimes, this mindset comes in the way of organisational success. Watch to find out, How?

published:18 Aug 2016

views:179

See the full blog post here: https://thinking.school/blog/fintech-innovation-leaders-six-weeks-of-mental-models/

published:23 Aug 2016

views:117

published:10 Jan 2018

views:35

Dr. Sanil Rege is a Consultant Psychiatrist and Founder ofPsychScene and VitaHealthcare. Good clinical practice is about translating academic knowledge into real-world problem solving. The essential skills required for this are strategy development and implementation. These skills despite being crucial are not imparted in textbooks. This video covers: How to minimise errors, Strategic problem solving, Thinking in terms of probabilities, developing a formulation matrix and using the six domain management plan. Clinical practice will never be the same after you master these mental models.

Career

Graduating in 1948 with an LL.B. magna cum laude, he moved with his family to California, where he joined the law ﬁrm Wright & Garrett (later Musick, Peeler & Garrett). In 1962 he founded and worked as a real estate attorney at Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP. He then gave up the practice of law to concentrate on managing investments and later partnered with Otis Booth in real estate development. He then partnered with Jack Wheeler to form Wheeler, Munger, and Company, an investment firm with a seat on the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange. He wound up Wheeler, Munger, and Co. in 1976, after losses of 31% in 1973 and 1974.

Build Mental Models to Enhance Your Focus | Charles Duhigg

According to Pulitzer winner Charles Duhigg, the art of focus is training your mind to know what it can safely ignore. Duhigg's latest book is "Smarter FasterBetter: The Secrets of Being Productive in Life and Business" (http://goo.gl/gNhDR6).
Read more at BigThink.com: http://bigthink.com/videos/charles-duhigg-on-training-your-mind-to-stay-focused
FollowBigThink here:
YouTube: http://goo.gl/CPTsV5
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BigThinkdotcom
Twitter: https://twitter.com/bigthink
Transcript - Nowadays it’s incredibly hard to stay focused. There’s so many distractions around us at any given moment. Your pocket vibrates at any given moment because you’re getting ten new emails and on social media there’s all these new notifications and the phone is ringing and your kids need help and your colleagues are coming up because you are working in an open office plan and they’re asking you to chime in on some memo. Maintaining focus nowadays is harder than ever before. But it’s way more critical too. One of the things that we know about the most productive people and the most productive companies is that they create ways to enhance their focus. They manage their mind in such a way that they’re able to focus on what’s important and ignore distractions much better. And the way that they do this is by what’s known as building mental models.
Essentially telling themselves stories about what they expect to see, engaging in this kind of inner dialogue about what they think should be happening that allows their brain almost subconsciously to figure out what to pay attention to and what to ignore. One of my favorite examples of this is a big study that was done of nurses in NICUs. Some researchers from a group named ClientAssociates went into some hospitals because they wanted to figure out why some nurses were so good at paying attention to the right things whereas others got distracted by all the noise and bustle around them. And what they found is that the best nurses in NICUs which is the neonatal intensive care unit who were handling these babies, the nurses who were almost had a sixth sense or an ESP about figuring out which babies were sick and were getting sicker were the ones who were constantly telling themselves stories about what they expected to see as they were walking around the hospital. So one of my favorite interviews from this study was with a nurse named Darlene. And Darlene said that what she would do is that she always was keeping a picture in her brain of what she thought the perfect baby should look like. And so she would walk through the unit and she would notice when babies didn’t kind of match that picture in her brain, right. And they would match – they would mismatch that picture in kind of odd ways. Read full transcript here: https://goo.gl/dRTTZW.

What is MENTAL MODEL? What does MENTAL MODEL mean? MENTAL MODEL meaning - MENTAL MODEL definition - MENTAL MODEL explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
A mental model is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world. It is a representation of the surrounding world, the relationships between its various parts and a person's intuitive perception about his or her own acts and their consequences. Mental models can help shape behaviour and set an approach to solving problems (akin to a personal algorithm) and doing tasks.
A mental model is a kind of internal symbol or representation of external reality, hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-making. Kenneth Craik suggested in 1943 that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality that it uses to anticipate events.
Jay Wright Forrester defined general mental models as:
The image of the world around us, which we carry in our head, is just a model. Nobody in his head imagines all the world, government or country. He has only selected concepts, and relationships between them, and uses those to represent the real system.
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. At other times it is used to refer to mental models and reasoning and to the mental model theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and RuthM.J. Byrne.
The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
Philip Johnson-Laird published Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference and Consciousness in 1983. In the same year, Dedre Gentner and Albert Stevens edited a collection of chapters in a book also titled Mental Models. The first line of their book explains the idea further: "One function of this chapter is to belabor the obvious; people's views of the world, of themselves, of their own capabilities, and of the tasks that they are asked to perform, or topics they are asked to learn, depend heavily on the conceptualizations that they bring to the task." (see the book: Mental Models).
Since then, there has been much discussion and use of the idea in human-computer interaction and usability by researchers including Donald Norman and Steve Krug (in his book Don't Make Me Think). Walter Kintsch and Teun A. van Dijk, using the term situation model (in their book Strategies of Discourse Comprehension, 1983), showed the relevance of mental models for the production and comprehension of discourse.
One view of human reasoning is that it depends on mental models. In this view, mental models can be constructed from perception, imagination, or the comprehension of discourse (Johnson-Laird, 1983). Such mental models are akin to architects' models or to physicists' diagrams in that their structure is analogous to the structure of the situation that they represent, unlike, say, the structure of logical forms used in formal rule theories of reasoning. In this respect, they are a little like pictures in the picture theory of language described by philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1922. Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M.J. Byrne developed a theory of mental models which makes the assumption that reasoning depends, not on logical form, but on mental models (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991).
Mental models are based on a small set of fundamental assumptions (axioms), which distinguish them from other proposed representations in the psychology of reasoning (Byrne and Johnson-Laird, 2009). Each mental model represents a possibility. A mental model represents one possibility, capturing what is common to all the different ways in which the possibility may occur (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 2002). Mental models are iconic, i.e., each part of a model corresponds to each part of what it represents (Johnson-Laird, 2006). Mental models are based on a principle of truth: they typically represent only those situations that are possible, and each model of a possibility represents only what is true in that possibility according to the proposition. However, mental models can represent what is false, temporarily assumed to be true, for example, in the case of counterfactual conditionals and counterfactual thinking (Byrne, 2005).

11:58

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New WaysClick hare #SMKTV
1-------- Mental Models?
2-------What is a MentalModel?
3---------The Secret to GreatThinking?
1-------- Mental Models?
You can train your brain to think better. One of the best ways to do this is to expand the set of mental models you use to think. Let me explain what I mean by sharing a story about a world-class thinker.
I first discovered what a mental model was and how useful the right one could be while I was reading a story about Richard Feynman, the famous physicist. Feynman received his undergraduate degree from MIT and his Ph.D. from Princeton. During that time, he developed a reputation for waltzing into the math department and solving problems that the brilliant Ph.D. students couldn’t solve.
2-------What is a Mental Model?
A mental model is an explanation of how something works. It is a concept, framework, or worldview that you carry around in your mind to help you interpret the world and understand the relationship between things. Mental models are deeply held beliefs about how the world works.
For example, supply and demand is a mental model that helps you understand how the economy works. Game theory is a mental model that helps you understand how relationships and trust work. Entropy is a mental model that helps you understand how disorder and decay work.
Mental models guide your perception and behavior. They are the thinking tools that you use to understand life, make decisions, and solve problems. Learning a new mental model gives you a new way to see the world—like Richard Feynman learning a new math technique.
3---------The Secret to Great Thinking?
Expanding your set of mental models is something experts need to work on just as much as novices. We all have our favorite mental models, the ones we naturally default to as an explanation for how or why something happened. As you grow older and develop expertise in a certain area, you tend to favor the mental models that are most familiar to you.
Here's the problem: when a certain worldview dominates your thinking, you’ll try to explain every problem you face through that worldview. This pitfall is particularly easy to slip into when you're smart or talented in a given area.
The more you master a single mental model, the more likely it becomes that this mental model will be your downfall because you’ll
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Watch More Videos:
1:CompleteBiography of Donald Trump...
https://youtu.be/TnxdKRP_Aa8
2:Complete Biography of Rafael Nadal...
https://youtu.be/SxF-yMmFprA
3:Complete Biography of Mariah Carey...
https://youtu.be/uy_zaWp2Xx8
4:Complete Biography of Ellen DeGeneres - Ellen DeGeneres...
https://youtu.be/0E4DPyBGFsc
5:The 5 most dangerous tourist destinations in the world...
https://youtu.be/xTXTFEE52CM

4:50

Figuring Out What Makes People Think What They Think: Mental Modeling

Figuring Out What Makes People Think What They Think: Mental Modeling

Figuring Out What Makes People Think What They Think: Mental Modeling

Jerry Thompson from MarcUSA talks about an entirely new level in attitude research called "Mental Modeling" that his firm, Marc USA, is using to not only learn what stakeholders are thinking, but what makes people think what they think.
Marc USA - http://marcusa.com/
On Site and Thanks To - Station Square in Pittsburgh - http://www.stationsquare.com/

1:01:03

019 - Understanding Your Divided Mind: Kahneman, Haidt and Greene

019 - Understanding Your Divided Mind: Kahneman, Haidt and Greene

019 - Understanding Your Divided Mind: Kahneman, Haidt and Greene

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for mastering skills in communication and persuasion.
http://argumentninja.com/podcast/019-understanding-your-divided-mind-kahneman-haidt-and-greene/
On this episode I offer a gentle introduction to three different approaches to understanding our divided mind. I compare and contrast the dual-process theories of Daniel Kahneman (Thinking, Fast and Slow), Jonathan Haidt (The Righteous Mind) and Joshua Greene (MoralTribes).
The simple mental models these authors use should be part of every critical thinker’s toolbox.
My other goal with this episode is to give enough background to help listeners think more critically about dual-process theories themselves, to better understand the state of the science and the diversity of views that fall under this label.
Breakdown:
- Why it’s important to cultivate multiple mental models (2:40)
- Kahneman and Tversky: biases and heuristics (4:20)
- Example: the availability heuristic (5:30)
- Cognitive biases originating from mismatches between the problem a heuristic was designed to solve, and the problem actually faced (8:20)
- Dual-process theories in psychology that pre-date System 1 and System 2 (9:35)
- The System 1 – System 2 distinction (12:00)
- Kahneman’s teaching model: System 1 and System 2 as personified agents (18:30)
- Example: “Answering an EasierQuestion” (19:30)
- How beliefs and judgments are formed: System 1 to System 2 (22:20)
- System 2 can override System 1 (23:35)
- Assessing Kahneman’s model (25:40)
- Introduction to Jonathan Haidt (28:40)
- The Elephant and the Rider model (30:50)
- Principles for changing human behavior, based on the Elephant and the Rider model (33:00)
- Introduction to Haidt’s moral psychology (34:00)
- Haidt’s dual-process view of moral judgment (34:30)
- Moral reasoning as an adaptation for social influence (35:20)
- Moral intuitions as evolutionary adaptations (36:30)
- Introduction to the moral emotions (six core responses) (37:50)
- Liberal versus conservative moral psychology (39:20)
- The moral matrix: it “binds us and blinds us” (40:30)
- What an enlightened moral stance would look like (41:55)
- Assessing Haidt’s model (42:40)
- Introduction to Joshua Greene (46:20)
- Greene’s digital camera model: presets vs manual mode (47:20)
- When preset mode (moral intuition) is unreliable (50:52)
- When should we rely on System 2, “manual mode” (52:40)
- Greene’s consequentialist view of moral reasoning (53:10)
- How Greene’s dual-process view of moral judgment differs from Haidt’s (53:30)
- Summary: the value of multiple mental models for critical thinking (55:55)
---
For show notes, commentary, full transcripts, and to learn more about how to subscribe to the Argument Ninja podcast:
http://argumentninja.com
Support the development of the Argument Ninja Academy on Patreon!
http://patreon.com/kevindelaplante
Join the discussion on Facebook:
http://facebook.com/CriticalThinkerAcademy

1:06:20

How To Stop Living Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish

How To Stop Living Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish

How To Stop Living Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish

How To StopLiving Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish
SHOWNOTES: http://www.scienceofsuccess.co/show-notes/2016/6/7/how-to-stop-living-your-life-on-autopilot-take-control-and-build-a-toolbox-of-mental-models-to-understand-reality-with-farnam-streets-shane-parrish
Do you feel like your life is on auto-pilot? Do you want to take control and build a better and deeper understanding of reality? In this episode we discuss mental models, cognitive biases, go deep on decision-making and how to improve and build a smarter decision-making framework and we look at a number of key mental models that you can add to your mental toolbox.
If you want to dramatically improve your decision making with a few short steps - listen to this episode!
Shane Parrish is the founder and author of the Farnam Street blog, which has been featured in Forbes, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, and much more, its one of my personal favorite blogs and an incredible resource dedicated to making you smarter every day by mastering the best of what other’s have already figured out.
We discuss the following topics:
-Why you should focus on mastering things that change slowly or don’t change at all
-Why reading “pop” books and news doesn’t make you smarter
-How to pattern interrupt yourself when you get focused on the wrong things
-What “mental models” are and how you can use them to your advantage
-Why you should focus on your “circle of competence"
-How to reduce your blindspots and make better decisions
-Simple steps you can take right now to improve your decision-making
-How to think about the world like Charlie Munger
-How you can avoid becoming “a man with a hammer"
-Why you should focus on avoiding stupidity instead of trying to be smart
-Why its so important that you should keep a decision journal (how to do it)
-And much more!
Learn more and visit Shane at https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/
SUBSCRIBE ON ITUNES: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-science-of-success/id1059509178?mt=2
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JOIN OUR EMAIL LIST: http://scienceofsuccess.co

Cognician Munger latticework of mental models

Barry Kayton describes how we use mental models to guide our thinking, and how great thinkers are able to switch between one mental model and another. Cognician, a dynamic new thought processor to debut late 2010, is a system for capturing and sharing mental models in order to provoke thought. You can use Cognician to help you think by letting it guide you systematically according to a mental model that you choose from its catalogue. It helps you think better, further, faster. It's thought provoking software.

10:09

Mental Models

Mental Models

Mental Models

Individual decisions are dictated by one's mindset. A company's decisions too are dictated by an organisational mindset formed over years of being in the business. Oftentimes, this mindset comes in the way of organisational success. Watch to find out, How?

9:11

Six weeks of mental models: we take a look at the thinking strategies of six fintech innovators

Six weeks of mental models: we take a look at the thinking strategies of six fintech innovators

Six weeks of mental models: we take a look at the thinking strategies of six fintech innovators

See the full blog post here: https://thinking.school/blog/fintech-innovation-leaders-six-weeks-of-mental-models/

9:30

How an Average Person Can Think Like a Genius(Mental Models) - Mental Model Monday #27

How an Average Person Can Think Like a Genius(Mental Models) - Mental Model Monday #27

How an Average Person Can Think Like a Genius(Mental Models) - Mental Model Monday #27

18:17

Essential Mental Models for a Psychiatrist - The Art of Complex Problem Solving

Essential Mental Models for a Psychiatrist - The Art of Complex Problem Solving

Essential Mental Models for a Psychiatrist - The Art of Complex Problem Solving

Dr. Sanil Rege is a Consultant Psychiatrist and Founder ofPsychScene and VitaHealthcare. Good clinical practice is about translating academic knowledge into real-world problem solving. The essential skills required for this are strategy development and implementation. These skills despite being crucial are not imparted in textbooks. This video covers: How to minimise errors, Strategic problem solving, Thinking in terms of probabilities, developing a formulation matrix and using the six domain management plan. Clinical practice will never be the same after you master these mental models.

3:19

Laurence Gonzales on Mental Model Mistakes

Laurence Gonzales on Mental Model Mistakes

Laurence Gonzales on Mental Model Mistakes

Relying on a system of mental models can confuse associations with reality says Laurence Gonzales.
.
Laurence Gonzalez:
give you an example of a really bad mistake that I made using mental models. When I was a little kid, my grandmother had an ashtray that looks like a rattlesnake. It was a beautiful thing, made out of stone, and it was very realistic. And I had this model in my head of a rattlesnake that was, you know, benign, it was a harmless thing and it had these nice emotional associations with my childhood and my grandmother. And frankly, I never thought about it again. I don't know where it went. But one day as an adult, I was hiking in the Santa Monica Mountains and I came across the ruin of a stone house and I thought, "Oh cool. I'll look for a souvenir here. I'll find some old tool or something to bring home with me from this ruined house in the stone rubble." And I started searching around and then all of a sudden, lo and behold, there was my grandmother's ashtray. I'm like, "What a miracle! My grandmother's ashtray, how did that happen?" And I reached out to pick it up and then I saw its tongue come out. And, of course, I realized the very stupid mistake that I made because I had all these intellectual knowledge that could have prevented me from doing that. But they didn't because I was operating on a mental model, the closeness association I had and it was stored away. I haven't thought about it for decades, and it was my grandmother's ashtray. So I knew, intellectually, for example, that the chances of finding my grandmother's ashtray anywhere in the known universe were approximately zero. I knew also that I was in the mountain wilderness where rattlesnakes are really common in California. I knew that they like to poke around in stone ruins 'cause mice live there. I knew all these stuff and it did me no good. So this is what I mean when I say smart people do stupid things. This is the type of mistake that certain scientists call an intelligent mistake because all my learning, my most important learning caused the mistake
Laurence Gonzalez:
give you an example of a really bad mistake that I made using mental models. When I was a little kid, my grandmother had an ashtray that looks like a rattlesnake. It was a beautiful thing, made out of stone, and it was very realistic. And I had this model in my head of a rattlesnake that was, you know, benign, it was a harmless thing and it had these nice emotional associations with my childhood and my grandmother. And frankly, I never thought about it again. I don't know where it went. But one day as an adult, I was hiking in the Santa Monica Mountains and I came across the ruin of a stone house and I thought, "Oh cool. I'll look for a souvenir here. I'll find some old tool or something to bring home with me from this ruined house in the stone rubble." And I started searching around and then all of a sudden, lo and behold, there was my grandmother's ashtray. I'm like, "What a miracle! My grandmother's ashtray, how did that happen?" And I reached out to pick it up and then I saw its tongue come out. And, of course, I realized the very stupid mistake that I made because I had all these intellectual knowledge that could have prevented me from doing that. But they didn't because I was operating on a mental model, the closeness association I had and it was stored away. I haven't thought about it for decades, and it was my grandmother's ashtray. So I knew, intellectually, for example, that the chances of finding my grandmother's ashtray anywhere in the known universe were approximately zero. I knew also that I was in the mountain wilderness where rattlesnakes are really common in California. I knew that they like to poke around in stone ruins 'cause mice live there. I knew all these stuff and it did me no good. So this is what I mean when I say smart people do stupid things. This is the type of mistake that certain scientists call an intelligent mistake because all my learning, my most important learning caused the mistake

2:18

How Mental Models Improve Decision Making - Bijoy Goswami

How Mental Models Improve Decision Making - Bijoy Goswami

How Mental Models Improve Decision Making - Bijoy Goswami

In Chapter 4 of 15, leadership philosopher and bootstrap business expert Bijoy Goswami explains why he uses mental models to help himself and others refine their life approach. He shares how prejudice is an unconsidered mental model that is not fully processed. He encourages others to consider models they often outsource to others - political beliefs to political party, spiritual views to church, etc.

6:00

Importance of Mental Models

Importance of Mental Models

Importance of Mental Models

Dr. DerekBruff from Vanderbilt University discusses how mental models that students carry into a new course can influence their perception of new information. He then stresses the importance of addressing these erroneous mental models in order to provide students with an accurate mental representation of the concepts they will cover in the course.

2:39

Matching The User's Mental Model: Joe Natoli | UX Training

Matching The User's Mental Model: Joe Natoli | UX Training

Matching The User's Mental Model: Joe Natoli | UX Training

UX is all about matching user expectation with interactive experience. That expectation is born from the mental models we all have about how something is supposed to work. In this clip I talk about why those mental models aren't as narrow as organizations often believe they are.
I share more detail on my methods in my new book, ThinkFirst — learn more at http://givegoodux.com/think-first.

2:53

Introduction to Conceptual Models - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things

Introduction to Conceptual Models - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things

Introduction to Conceptual Models - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things

Build Mental Models to Enhance Your Focus | Charles Duhigg

According to Pulitzer winner Charles Duhigg, the art of focus is training your mind to know what it can safely ignore. Duhigg's latest book is "Smarter FasterBetter: The Secrets of Being Productive in Life and Business" (http://goo.gl/gNhDR6).
Read more at BigThink.com: http://bigthink.com/videos/charles-duhigg-on-training-your-mind-to-stay-focused
FollowBigThink here:
YouTube: http://goo.gl/CPTsV5
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BigThinkdotcom
Twitter: https://twitter.com/bigthink
Transcript - Nowadays it’s incredibly hard to stay focused. There’s so many distractions around us at any given moment. Your pocket vibrates at any given moment because you’re getting ten new emails and on social media there’s all these new notifications and the phone is ringing and your kids need help ...

What is MENTAL MODEL? What does MENTAL MODEL mean? MENTAL MODEL meaning - MENTAL MODEL definition - MENTAL MODEL explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
A mental model is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world. It is a representation of the surrounding world, the relationships between its various parts and a person's intuitive perception about his or her own acts and their consequences. Mental models can help shape behaviour and set an approach to solving problems (akin to a personal algorithm) and doing tasks.
A mental model is a kind of internal symbol or representation of external reality, hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-ma...

published: 29 Jan 2017

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New WaysClick hare #SMKTV
1-------- Mental Models?
2-------What is a MentalModel?
3---------The Secret to GreatThinking?
1-------- Mental Models?
You can train your brain to think better. One of the best ways to do this is to expand the set of mental models you use to think. Let me explain what I mean by sharing a story about a world-class thinker.
I first discovered what a mental model was and how useful the right one could be while I was reading a story about Richard Feynman, the famous physicist. Feynman received his undergraduate degree from MIT and his Ph.D. from Princeton. During that time, he developed a reputation for waltzing into the math department and solving problems that the brilliant Ph.D. students couldn’t solve.
2----...

published: 01 Feb 2018

Figuring Out What Makes People Think What They Think: Mental Modeling

Jerry Thompson from MarcUSA talks about an entirely new level in attitude research called "Mental Modeling" that his firm, Marc USA, is using to not only learn what stakeholders are thinking, but what makes people think what they think.
Marc USA - http://marcusa.com/
On Site and Thanks To - Station Square in Pittsburgh - http://www.stationsquare.com/

published: 21 Jul 2017

019 - Understanding Your Divided Mind: Kahneman, Haidt and Greene

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for mastering skills in communication and persuasion.
http://argumentninja.com/podcast/019-understanding-your-divided-mind-kahneman-haidt-and-greene/
On this episode I offer a gentle introduction to three different approaches to understanding our divided mind. I compare and contrast the dual-process theories of Daniel Kahneman (Thinking, Fast and Slow), Jonathan Haidt (The Righteous Mind) and Joshua Greene (MoralTribes).
The simple mental models these authors use should be part of every critical thinker’s toolbox.
My other goal with this episode is to give enough background to help listeners think more critically about dual-process theo...

published: 01 Jun 2017

How To Stop Living Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish

How To StopLiving Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish
SHOWNOTES: http://www.scienceofsuccess.co/show-notes/2016/6/7/how-to-stop-living-your-life-on-autopilot-take-control-and-build-a-toolbox-of-mental-models-to-understand-reality-with-farnam-streets-shane-parrish
Do you feel like your life is on auto-pilot? Do you want to take control and build a better and deeper understanding of reality? In this episode we discuss mental models, cognitive biases, go deep on decision-making and how to improve and build a smarter decision-making framework and we look at a number of key mental models that you can add to your mental toolbox.
If you want to dramatically improve your decision making with a few short steps - listen to this episode!
Shane Parrish is ...

Cognician Munger latticework of mental models

Barry Kayton describes how we use mental models to guide our thinking, and how great thinkers are able to switch between one mental model and another. Cognician, a dynamic new thought processor to debut late 2010, is a system for capturing and sharing mental models in order to provoke thought. You can use Cognician to help you think by letting it guide you systematically according to a mental model that you choose from its catalogue. It helps you think better, further, faster. It's thought provoking software.

published: 02 Apr 2010

Mental Models

Individual decisions are dictated by one's mindset. A company's decisions too are dictated by an organisational mindset formed over years of being in the business. Oftentimes, this mindset comes in the way of organisational success. Watch to find out, How?

published: 18 Aug 2016

Six weeks of mental models: we take a look at the thinking strategies of six fintech innovators

See the full blog post here: https://thinking.school/blog/fintech-innovation-leaders-six-weeks-of-mental-models/

published: 23 Aug 2016

How an Average Person Can Think Like a Genius(Mental Models) - Mental Model Monday #27

published: 10 Jan 2018

Essential Mental Models for a Psychiatrist - The Art of Complex Problem Solving

Dr. Sanil Rege is a Consultant Psychiatrist and Founder ofPsychScene and VitaHealthcare. Good clinical practice is about translating academic knowledge into real-world problem solving. The essential skills required for this are strategy development and implementation. These skills despite being crucial are not imparted in textbooks. This video covers: How to minimise errors, Strategic problem solving, Thinking in terms of probabilities, developing a formulation matrix and using the six domain management plan. Clinical practice will never be the same after you master these mental models.

published: 24 Dec 2015

Laurence Gonzales on Mental Model Mistakes

Relying on a system of mental models can confuse associations with reality says Laurence Gonzales.
.
Laurence Gonzalez:
give you an example of a really bad mistake that I made using mental models. When I was a little kid, my grandmother had an ashtray that looks like a rattlesnake. It was a beautiful thing, made out of stone, and it was very realistic. And I had this model in my head of a rattlesnake that was, you know, benign, it was a harmless thing and it had these nice emotional associations with my childhood and my grandmother. And frankly, I never thought about it again. I don't know where it went. But one day as an adult, I was hiking in the Santa Monica Mountains and I came across the ruin of a stone house and I thought, "Oh cool. I'll look for a souvenir here. I'll find...

published: 24 Apr 2012

How Mental Models Improve Decision Making - Bijoy Goswami

In Chapter 4 of 15, leadership philosopher and bootstrap business expert Bijoy Goswami explains why he uses mental models to help himself and others refine their life approach. He shares how prejudice is an unconsidered mental model that is not fully processed. He encourages others to consider models they often outsource to others - political beliefs to political party, spiritual views to church, etc.

published: 11 May 2010

Importance of Mental Models

Dr. DerekBruff from Vanderbilt University discusses how mental models that students carry into a new course can influence their perception of new information. He then stresses the importance of addressing these erroneous mental models in order to provide students with an accurate mental representation of the concepts they will cover in the course.

published: 02 Jul 2015

Matching The User's Mental Model: Joe Natoli | UX Training

UX is all about matching user expectation with interactive experience. That expectation is born from the mental models we all have about how something is supposed to work. In this clip I talk about why those mental models aren't as narrow as organizations often believe they are.
I share more detail on my methods in my new book, ThinkFirst — learn more at http://givegoodux.com/think-first.

published: 01 Dec 2015

Introduction to Conceptual Models - Intro to the Design of Everyday Things

Build Mental Models to Enhance Your Focus | Charles Duhigg

According to Pulitzer winner Charles Duhigg, the art of focus is training your mind to know what it can safely ignore. Duhigg's latest book is "Smarter Faster B...

According to Pulitzer winner Charles Duhigg, the art of focus is training your mind to know what it can safely ignore. Duhigg's latest book is "Smarter FasterBetter: The Secrets of Being Productive in Life and Business" (http://goo.gl/gNhDR6).
Read more at BigThink.com: http://bigthink.com/videos/charles-duhigg-on-training-your-mind-to-stay-focused
FollowBigThink here:
YouTube: http://goo.gl/CPTsV5
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BigThinkdotcom
Twitter: https://twitter.com/bigthink
Transcript - Nowadays it’s incredibly hard to stay focused. There’s so many distractions around us at any given moment. Your pocket vibrates at any given moment because you’re getting ten new emails and on social media there’s all these new notifications and the phone is ringing and your kids need help and your colleagues are coming up because you are working in an open office plan and they’re asking you to chime in on some memo. Maintaining focus nowadays is harder than ever before. But it’s way more critical too. One of the things that we know about the most productive people and the most productive companies is that they create ways to enhance their focus. They manage their mind in such a way that they’re able to focus on what’s important and ignore distractions much better. And the way that they do this is by what’s known as building mental models.
Essentially telling themselves stories about what they expect to see, engaging in this kind of inner dialogue about what they think should be happening that allows their brain almost subconsciously to figure out what to pay attention to and what to ignore. One of my favorite examples of this is a big study that was done of nurses in NICUs. Some researchers from a group named ClientAssociates went into some hospitals because they wanted to figure out why some nurses were so good at paying attention to the right things whereas others got distracted by all the noise and bustle around them. And what they found is that the best nurses in NICUs which is the neonatal intensive care unit who were handling these babies, the nurses who were almost had a sixth sense or an ESP about figuring out which babies were sick and were getting sicker were the ones who were constantly telling themselves stories about what they expected to see as they were walking around the hospital. So one of my favorite interviews from this study was with a nurse named Darlene. And Darlene said that what she would do is that she always was keeping a picture in her brain of what she thought the perfect baby should look like. And so she would walk through the unit and she would notice when babies didn’t kind of match that picture in her brain, right. And they would match – they would mismatch that picture in kind of odd ways. Read full transcript here: https://goo.gl/dRTTZW.

According to Pulitzer winner Charles Duhigg, the art of focus is training your mind to know what it can safely ignore. Duhigg's latest book is "Smarter FasterBetter: The Secrets of Being Productive in Life and Business" (http://goo.gl/gNhDR6).
Read more at BigThink.com: http://bigthink.com/videos/charles-duhigg-on-training-your-mind-to-stay-focused
FollowBigThink here:
YouTube: http://goo.gl/CPTsV5
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BigThinkdotcom
Twitter: https://twitter.com/bigthink
Transcript - Nowadays it’s incredibly hard to stay focused. There’s so many distractions around us at any given moment. Your pocket vibrates at any given moment because you’re getting ten new emails and on social media there’s all these new notifications and the phone is ringing and your kids need help and your colleagues are coming up because you are working in an open office plan and they’re asking you to chime in on some memo. Maintaining focus nowadays is harder than ever before. But it’s way more critical too. One of the things that we know about the most productive people and the most productive companies is that they create ways to enhance their focus. They manage their mind in such a way that they’re able to focus on what’s important and ignore distractions much better. And the way that they do this is by what’s known as building mental models.
Essentially telling themselves stories about what they expect to see, engaging in this kind of inner dialogue about what they think should be happening that allows their brain almost subconsciously to figure out what to pay attention to and what to ignore. One of my favorite examples of this is a big study that was done of nurses in NICUs. Some researchers from a group named ClientAssociates went into some hospitals because they wanted to figure out why some nurses were so good at paying attention to the right things whereas others got distracted by all the noise and bustle around them. And what they found is that the best nurses in NICUs which is the neonatal intensive care unit who were handling these babies, the nurses who were almost had a sixth sense or an ESP about figuring out which babies were sick and were getting sicker were the ones who were constantly telling themselves stories about what they expected to see as they were walking around the hospital. So one of my favorite interviews from this study was with a nurse named Darlene. And Darlene said that what she would do is that she always was keeping a picture in her brain of what she thought the perfect baby should look like. And so she would walk through the unit and she would notice when babies didn’t kind of match that picture in her brain, right. And they would match – they would mismatch that picture in kind of odd ways. Read full transcript here: https://goo.gl/dRTTZW.

What is MENTAL MODEL? What does MENTAL MODEL mean? MENTAL MODEL meaning - MENTAL MODEL definition - MENTAL MODEL explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
A mental model is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world. It is a representation of the surrounding world, the relationships between its various parts and a person's intuitive perception about his or her own acts and their consequences. Mental models can help shape behaviour and set an approach to solving problems (akin to a personal algorithm) and doing tasks.
A mental model is a kind of internal symbol or representation of external reality, hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-making. Kenneth Craik suggested in 1943 that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality that it uses to anticipate events.
Jay Wright Forrester defined general mental models as:
The image of the world around us, which we carry in our head, is just a model. Nobody in his head imagines all the world, government or country. He has only selected concepts, and relationships between them, and uses those to represent the real system.
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. At other times it is used to refer to mental models and reasoning and to the mental model theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and RuthM.J. Byrne.
The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
Philip Johnson-Laird published Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference and Consciousness in 1983. In the same year, Dedre Gentner and Albert Stevens edited a collection of chapters in a book also titled Mental Models. The first line of their book explains the idea further: "One function of this chapter is to belabor the obvious; people's views of the world, of themselves, of their own capabilities, and of the tasks that they are asked to perform, or topics they are asked to learn, depend heavily on the conceptualizations that they bring to the task." (see the book: Mental Models).
Since then, there has been much discussion and use of the idea in human-computer interaction and usability by researchers including Donald Norman and Steve Krug (in his book Don't Make Me Think). Walter Kintsch and Teun A. van Dijk, using the term situation model (in their book Strategies of Discourse Comprehension, 1983), showed the relevance of mental models for the production and comprehension of discourse.
One view of human reasoning is that it depends on mental models. In this view, mental models can be constructed from perception, imagination, or the comprehension of discourse (Johnson-Laird, 1983). Such mental models are akin to architects' models or to physicists' diagrams in that their structure is analogous to the structure of the situation that they represent, unlike, say, the structure of logical forms used in formal rule theories of reasoning. In this respect, they are a little like pictures in the picture theory of language described by philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1922. Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M.J. Byrne developed a theory of mental models which makes the assumption that reasoning depends, not on logical form, but on mental models (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991).
Mental models are based on a small set of fundamental assumptions (axioms), which distinguish them from other proposed representations in the psychology of reasoning (Byrne and Johnson-Laird, 2009). Each mental model represents a possibility. A mental model represents one possibility, capturing what is common to all the different ways in which the possibility may occur (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 2002). Mental models are iconic, i.e., each part of a model corresponds to each part of what it represents (Johnson-Laird, 2006). Mental models are based on a principle of truth: they typically represent only those situations that are possible, and each model of a possibility represents only what is true in that possibility according to the proposition. However, mental models can represent what is false, temporarily assumed to be true, for example, in the case of counterfactual conditionals and counterfactual thinking (Byrne, 2005).

What is MENTAL MODEL? What does MENTAL MODEL mean? MENTAL MODEL meaning - MENTAL MODEL definition - MENTAL MODEL explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
A mental model is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world. It is a representation of the surrounding world, the relationships between its various parts and a person's intuitive perception about his or her own acts and their consequences. Mental models can help shape behaviour and set an approach to solving problems (akin to a personal algorithm) and doing tasks.
A mental model is a kind of internal symbol or representation of external reality, hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-making. Kenneth Craik suggested in 1943 that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality that it uses to anticipate events.
Jay Wright Forrester defined general mental models as:
The image of the world around us, which we carry in our head, is just a model. Nobody in his head imagines all the world, government or country. He has only selected concepts, and relationships between them, and uses those to represent the real system.
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. At other times it is used to refer to mental models and reasoning and to the mental model theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and RuthM.J. Byrne.
The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
Philip Johnson-Laird published Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference and Consciousness in 1983. In the same year, Dedre Gentner and Albert Stevens edited a collection of chapters in a book also titled Mental Models. The first line of their book explains the idea further: "One function of this chapter is to belabor the obvious; people's views of the world, of themselves, of their own capabilities, and of the tasks that they are asked to perform, or topics they are asked to learn, depend heavily on the conceptualizations that they bring to the task." (see the book: Mental Models).
Since then, there has been much discussion and use of the idea in human-computer interaction and usability by researchers including Donald Norman and Steve Krug (in his book Don't Make Me Think). Walter Kintsch and Teun A. van Dijk, using the term situation model (in their book Strategies of Discourse Comprehension, 1983), showed the relevance of mental models for the production and comprehension of discourse.
One view of human reasoning is that it depends on mental models. In this view, mental models can be constructed from perception, imagination, or the comprehension of discourse (Johnson-Laird, 1983). Such mental models are akin to architects' models or to physicists' diagrams in that their structure is analogous to the structure of the situation that they represent, unlike, say, the structure of logical forms used in formal rule theories of reasoning. In this respect, they are a little like pictures in the picture theory of language described by philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1922. Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M.J. Byrne developed a theory of mental models which makes the assumption that reasoning depends, not on logical form, but on mental models (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991).
Mental models are based on a small set of fundamental assumptions (axioms), which distinguish them from other proposed representations in the psychology of reasoning (Byrne and Johnson-Laird, 2009). Each mental model represents a possibility. A mental model represents one possibility, capturing what is common to all the different ways in which the possibility may occur (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 2002). Mental models are iconic, i.e., each part of a model corresponds to each part of what it represents (Johnson-Laird, 2006). Mental models are based on a principle of truth: they typically represent only those situations that are possible, and each model of a possibility represents only what is true in that possibility according to the proposition. However, mental models can represent what is false, temporarily assumed to be true, for example, in the case of counterfactual conditionals and counterfactual thinking (Byrne, 2005).

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New WaysClick hare #SMKTV
1-------- Mental Models?
2-------What is a MentalModel?
3---------The Secret to GreatThinking?
1-------- Mental Models?
You can train your brain to think better. One of the best ways to do this is to expand the set of mental models you use to think. Let me explain what I mean by sharing a story about a world-class thinker.
I first discovered what a mental model was and how useful the right one could be while I was reading a story about Richard Feynman, the famous physicist. Feynman received his undergraduate degree from MIT and his Ph.D. from Princeton. During that time, he developed a reputation for waltzing into the math department and solving problems that the brilliant Ph.D. students couldn’t solve.
2-------What is a Mental Model?
A mental model is an explanation of how something works. It is a concept, framework, or worldview that you carry around in your mind to help you interpret the world and understand the relationship between things. Mental models are deeply held beliefs about how the world works.
For example, supply and demand is a mental model that helps you understand how the economy works. Game theory is a mental model that helps you understand how relationships and trust work. Entropy is a mental model that helps you understand how disorder and decay work.
Mental models guide your perception and behavior. They are the thinking tools that you use to understand life, make decisions, and solve problems. Learning a new mental model gives you a new way to see the world—like Richard Feynman learning a new math technique.
3---------The Secret to Great Thinking?
Expanding your set of mental models is something experts need to work on just as much as novices. We all have our favorite mental models, the ones we naturally default to as an explanation for how or why something happened. As you grow older and develop expertise in a certain area, you tend to favor the mental models that are most familiar to you.
Here's the problem: when a certain worldview dominates your thinking, you’ll try to explain every problem you face through that worldview. This pitfall is particularly easy to slip into when you're smart or talented in a given area.
The more you master a single mental model, the more likely it becomes that this mental model will be your downfall because you’ll
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Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New WaysClick hare #SMKTV
1-------- Mental Models?
2-------What is a MentalModel?
3---------The Secret to GreatThinking?
1-------- Mental Models?
You can train your brain to think better. One of the best ways to do this is to expand the set of mental models you use to think. Let me explain what I mean by sharing a story about a world-class thinker.
I first discovered what a mental model was and how useful the right one could be while I was reading a story about Richard Feynman, the famous physicist. Feynman received his undergraduate degree from MIT and his Ph.D. from Princeton. During that time, he developed a reputation for waltzing into the math department and solving problems that the brilliant Ph.D. students couldn’t solve.
2-------What is a Mental Model?
A mental model is an explanation of how something works. It is a concept, framework, or worldview that you carry around in your mind to help you interpret the world and understand the relationship between things. Mental models are deeply held beliefs about how the world works.
For example, supply and demand is a mental model that helps you understand how the economy works. Game theory is a mental model that helps you understand how relationships and trust work. Entropy is a mental model that helps you understand how disorder and decay work.
Mental models guide your perception and behavior. They are the thinking tools that you use to understand life, make decisions, and solve problems. Learning a new mental model gives you a new way to see the world—like Richard Feynman learning a new math technique.
3---------The Secret to Great Thinking?
Expanding your set of mental models is something experts need to work on just as much as novices. We all have our favorite mental models, the ones we naturally default to as an explanation for how or why something happened. As you grow older and develop expertise in a certain area, you tend to favor the mental models that are most familiar to you.
Here's the problem: when a certain worldview dominates your thinking, you’ll try to explain every problem you face through that worldview. This pitfall is particularly easy to slip into when you're smart or talented in a given area.
The more you master a single mental model, the more likely it becomes that this mental model will be your downfall because you’ll
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Watch More Videos:
1:CompleteBiography of Donald Trump...
https://youtu.be/TnxdKRP_Aa8
2:Complete Biography of Rafael Nadal...
https://youtu.be/SxF-yMmFprA
3:Complete Biography of Mariah Carey...
https://youtu.be/uy_zaWp2Xx8
4:Complete Biography of Ellen DeGeneres - Ellen DeGeneres...
https://youtu.be/0E4DPyBGFsc
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Figuring Out What Makes People Think What They Think: Mental Modeling

Jerry Thompson from MarcUSA talks about an entirely new level in attitude research called "Mental Modeling" that his firm, Marc USA, is using to not only learn...

Jerry Thompson from MarcUSA talks about an entirely new level in attitude research called "Mental Modeling" that his firm, Marc USA, is using to not only learn what stakeholders are thinking, but what makes people think what they think.
Marc USA - http://marcusa.com/
On Site and Thanks To - Station Square in Pittsburgh - http://www.stationsquare.com/

Jerry Thompson from MarcUSA talks about an entirely new level in attitude research called "Mental Modeling" that his firm, Marc USA, is using to not only learn what stakeholders are thinking, but what makes people think what they think.
Marc USA - http://marcusa.com/
On Site and Thanks To - Station Square in Pittsburgh - http://www.stationsquare.com/

019 - Understanding Your Divided Mind: Kahneman, Haidt and Greene

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for maste...

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for mastering skills in communication and persuasion.
http://argumentninja.com/podcast/019-understanding-your-divided-mind-kahneman-haidt-and-greene/
On this episode I offer a gentle introduction to three different approaches to understanding our divided mind. I compare and contrast the dual-process theories of Daniel Kahneman (Thinking, Fast and Slow), Jonathan Haidt (The Righteous Mind) and Joshua Greene (MoralTribes).
The simple mental models these authors use should be part of every critical thinker’s toolbox.
My other goal with this episode is to give enough background to help listeners think more critically about dual-process theories themselves, to better understand the state of the science and the diversity of views that fall under this label.
Breakdown:
- Why it’s important to cultivate multiple mental models (2:40)
- Kahneman and Tversky: biases and heuristics (4:20)
- Example: the availability heuristic (5:30)
- Cognitive biases originating from mismatches between the problem a heuristic was designed to solve, and the problem actually faced (8:20)
- Dual-process theories in psychology that pre-date System 1 and System 2 (9:35)
- The System 1 – System 2 distinction (12:00)
- Kahneman’s teaching model: System 1 and System 2 as personified agents (18:30)
- Example: “Answering an EasierQuestion” (19:30)
- How beliefs and judgments are formed: System 1 to System 2 (22:20)
- System 2 can override System 1 (23:35)
- Assessing Kahneman’s model (25:40)
- Introduction to Jonathan Haidt (28:40)
- The Elephant and the Rider model (30:50)
- Principles for changing human behavior, based on the Elephant and the Rider model (33:00)
- Introduction to Haidt’s moral psychology (34:00)
- Haidt’s dual-process view of moral judgment (34:30)
- Moral reasoning as an adaptation for social influence (35:20)
- Moral intuitions as evolutionary adaptations (36:30)
- Introduction to the moral emotions (six core responses) (37:50)
- Liberal versus conservative moral psychology (39:20)
- The moral matrix: it “binds us and blinds us” (40:30)
- What an enlightened moral stance would look like (41:55)
- Assessing Haidt’s model (42:40)
- Introduction to Joshua Greene (46:20)
- Greene’s digital camera model: presets vs manual mode (47:20)
- When preset mode (moral intuition) is unreliable (50:52)
- When should we rely on System 2, “manual mode” (52:40)
- Greene’s consequentialist view of moral reasoning (53:10)
- How Greene’s dual-process view of moral judgment differs from Haidt’s (53:30)
- Summary: the value of multiple mental models for critical thinking (55:55)
---
For show notes, commentary, full transcripts, and to learn more about how to subscribe to the Argument Ninja podcast:
http://argumentninja.com
Support the development of the Argument Ninja Academy on Patreon!
http://patreon.com/kevindelaplante
Join the discussion on Facebook:
http://facebook.com/CriticalThinkerAcademy

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for mastering skills in communication and persuasion.
http://argumentninja.com/podcast/019-understanding-your-divided-mind-kahneman-haidt-and-greene/
On this episode I offer a gentle introduction to three different approaches to understanding our divided mind. I compare and contrast the dual-process theories of Daniel Kahneman (Thinking, Fast and Slow), Jonathan Haidt (The Righteous Mind) and Joshua Greene (MoralTribes).
The simple mental models these authors use should be part of every critical thinker’s toolbox.
My other goal with this episode is to give enough background to help listeners think more critically about dual-process theories themselves, to better understand the state of the science and the diversity of views that fall under this label.
Breakdown:
- Why it’s important to cultivate multiple mental models (2:40)
- Kahneman and Tversky: biases and heuristics (4:20)
- Example: the availability heuristic (5:30)
- Cognitive biases originating from mismatches between the problem a heuristic was designed to solve, and the problem actually faced (8:20)
- Dual-process theories in psychology that pre-date System 1 and System 2 (9:35)
- The System 1 – System 2 distinction (12:00)
- Kahneman’s teaching model: System 1 and System 2 as personified agents (18:30)
- Example: “Answering an EasierQuestion” (19:30)
- How beliefs and judgments are formed: System 1 to System 2 (22:20)
- System 2 can override System 1 (23:35)
- Assessing Kahneman’s model (25:40)
- Introduction to Jonathan Haidt (28:40)
- The Elephant and the Rider model (30:50)
- Principles for changing human behavior, based on the Elephant and the Rider model (33:00)
- Introduction to Haidt’s moral psychology (34:00)
- Haidt’s dual-process view of moral judgment (34:30)
- Moral reasoning as an adaptation for social influence (35:20)
- Moral intuitions as evolutionary adaptations (36:30)
- Introduction to the moral emotions (six core responses) (37:50)
- Liberal versus conservative moral psychology (39:20)
- The moral matrix: it “binds us and blinds us” (40:30)
- What an enlightened moral stance would look like (41:55)
- Assessing Haidt’s model (42:40)
- Introduction to Joshua Greene (46:20)
- Greene’s digital camera model: presets vs manual mode (47:20)
- When preset mode (moral intuition) is unreliable (50:52)
- When should we rely on System 2, “manual mode” (52:40)
- Greene’s consequentialist view of moral reasoning (53:10)
- How Greene’s dual-process view of moral judgment differs from Haidt’s (53:30)
- Summary: the value of multiple mental models for critical thinking (55:55)
---
For show notes, commentary, full transcripts, and to learn more about how to subscribe to the Argument Ninja podcast:
http://argumentninja.com
Support the development of the Argument Ninja Academy on Patreon!
http://patreon.com/kevindelaplante
Join the discussion on Facebook:
http://facebook.com/CriticalThinkerAcademy

How To StopLiving Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish
SHOWNOTES: http://www.scienceofsuccess.co/show-notes/2016/6/7/how-to-stop-living-your-life-on-autopilot-take-control-and-build-a-toolbox-of-mental-models-to-understand-reality-with-farnam-streets-shane-parrish
Do you feel like your life is on auto-pilot? Do you want to take control and build a better and deeper understanding of reality? In this episode we discuss mental models, cognitive biases, go deep on decision-making and how to improve and build a smarter decision-making framework and we look at a number of key mental models that you can add to your mental toolbox.
If you want to dramatically improve your decision making with a few short steps - listen to this episode!
Shane Parrish is the founder and author of the Farnam Street blog, which has been featured in Forbes, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, and much more, its one of my personal favorite blogs and an incredible resource dedicated to making you smarter every day by mastering the best of what other’s have already figured out.
We discuss the following topics:
-Why you should focus on mastering things that change slowly or don’t change at all
-Why reading “pop” books and news doesn’t make you smarter
-How to pattern interrupt yourself when you get focused on the wrong things
-What “mental models” are and how you can use them to your advantage
-Why you should focus on your “circle of competence"
-How to reduce your blindspots and make better decisions
-Simple steps you can take right now to improve your decision-making
-How to think about the world like Charlie Munger
-How you can avoid becoming “a man with a hammer"
-Why you should focus on avoiding stupidity instead of trying to be smart
-Why its so important that you should keep a decision journal (how to do it)
-And much more!
Learn more and visit Shane at https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/
SUBSCRIBE ON ITUNES: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-science-of-success/id1059509178?mt=2
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SUBSCRIBE ON ANDROID: https://goo.gl/app/playmusic?ibi=com.google.PlayMusic&isi=691797987&ius=googleplaymusic&link=https://play.google.com/music/m/Ikan6occob4hkerx32j2zmik3he?t%3DThe_Science_of_Success
JOIN OUR EMAIL LIST: http://scienceofsuccess.co

How To StopLiving Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish
SHOWNOTES: http://www.scienceofsuccess.co/show-notes/2016/6/7/how-to-stop-living-your-life-on-autopilot-take-control-and-build-a-toolbox-of-mental-models-to-understand-reality-with-farnam-streets-shane-parrish
Do you feel like your life is on auto-pilot? Do you want to take control and build a better and deeper understanding of reality? In this episode we discuss mental models, cognitive biases, go deep on decision-making and how to improve and build a smarter decision-making framework and we look at a number of key mental models that you can add to your mental toolbox.
If you want to dramatically improve your decision making with a few short steps - listen to this episode!
Shane Parrish is the founder and author of the Farnam Street blog, which has been featured in Forbes, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, and much more, its one of my personal favorite blogs and an incredible resource dedicated to making you smarter every day by mastering the best of what other’s have already figured out.
We discuss the following topics:
-Why you should focus on mastering things that change slowly or don’t change at all
-Why reading “pop” books and news doesn’t make you smarter
-How to pattern interrupt yourself when you get focused on the wrong things
-What “mental models” are and how you can use them to your advantage
-Why you should focus on your “circle of competence"
-How to reduce your blindspots and make better decisions
-Simple steps you can take right now to improve your decision-making
-How to think about the world like Charlie Munger
-How you can avoid becoming “a man with a hammer"
-Why you should focus on avoiding stupidity instead of trying to be smart
-Why its so important that you should keep a decision journal (how to do it)
-And much more!
Learn more and visit Shane at https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/
SUBSCRIBE ON ITUNES: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-science-of-success/id1059509178?mt=2
SUBSCRIBE ON STITCHER: http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/the-science-of-success?refid=stpr
SUBSCRIBE ON ANDROID: https://goo.gl/app/playmusic?ibi=com.google.PlayMusic&isi=691797987&ius=googleplaymusic&link=https://play.google.com/music/m/Ikan6occob4hkerx32j2zmik3he?t%3DThe_Science_of_Success
JOIN OUR EMAIL LIST: http://scienceofsuccess.co

Cognician Munger latticework of mental models

Barry Kayton describes how we use mental models to guide our thinking, and how great thinkers are able to switch between one mental model and another. Cognician...

Barry Kayton describes how we use mental models to guide our thinking, and how great thinkers are able to switch between one mental model and another. Cognician, a dynamic new thought processor to debut late 2010, is a system for capturing and sharing mental models in order to provoke thought. You can use Cognician to help you think by letting it guide you systematically according to a mental model that you choose from its catalogue. It helps you think better, further, faster. It's thought provoking software.

Barry Kayton describes how we use mental models to guide our thinking, and how great thinkers are able to switch between one mental model and another. Cognician, a dynamic new thought processor to debut late 2010, is a system for capturing and sharing mental models in order to provoke thought. You can use Cognician to help you think by letting it guide you systematically according to a mental model that you choose from its catalogue. It helps you think better, further, faster. It's thought provoking software.

Mental Models

Individual decisions are dictated by one's mindset. A company's decisions too are dictated by an organisational mindset formed over years of being in the busine...

Individual decisions are dictated by one's mindset. A company's decisions too are dictated by an organisational mindset formed over years of being in the business. Oftentimes, this mindset comes in the way of organisational success. Watch to find out, How?

Individual decisions are dictated by one's mindset. A company's decisions too are dictated by an organisational mindset formed over years of being in the business. Oftentimes, this mindset comes in the way of organisational success. Watch to find out, How?

Dr. Sanil Rege is a Consultant Psychiatrist and Founder ofPsychScene and VitaHealthcare. Good clinical practice is about translating academic knowledge into real-world problem solving. The essential skills required for this are strategy development and implementation. These skills despite being crucial are not imparted in textbooks. This video covers: How to minimise errors, Strategic problem solving, Thinking in terms of probabilities, developing a formulation matrix and using the six domain management plan. Clinical practice will never be the same after you master these mental models.

Dr. Sanil Rege is a Consultant Psychiatrist and Founder ofPsychScene and VitaHealthcare. Good clinical practice is about translating academic knowledge into real-world problem solving. The essential skills required for this are strategy development and implementation. These skills despite being crucial are not imparted in textbooks. This video covers: How to minimise errors, Strategic problem solving, Thinking in terms of probabilities, developing a formulation matrix and using the six domain management plan. Clinical practice will never be the same after you master these mental models.

Laurence Gonzales on Mental Model Mistakes

Relying on a system of mental models can confuse associations with reality says Laurence Gonzales.
.
Laurence Gonzalez:
give you an example of a really bad m...

Relying on a system of mental models can confuse associations with reality says Laurence Gonzales.
.
Laurence Gonzalez:
give you an example of a really bad mistake that I made using mental models. When I was a little kid, my grandmother had an ashtray that looks like a rattlesnake. It was a beautiful thing, made out of stone, and it was very realistic. And I had this model in my head of a rattlesnake that was, you know, benign, it was a harmless thing and it had these nice emotional associations with my childhood and my grandmother. And frankly, I never thought about it again. I don't know where it went. But one day as an adult, I was hiking in the Santa Monica Mountains and I came across the ruin of a stone house and I thought, "Oh cool. I'll look for a souvenir here. I'll find some old tool or something to bring home with me from this ruined house in the stone rubble." And I started searching around and then all of a sudden, lo and behold, there was my grandmother's ashtray. I'm like, "What a miracle! My grandmother's ashtray, how did that happen?" And I reached out to pick it up and then I saw its tongue come out. And, of course, I realized the very stupid mistake that I made because I had all these intellectual knowledge that could have prevented me from doing that. But they didn't because I was operating on a mental model, the closeness association I had and it was stored away. I haven't thought about it for decades, and it was my grandmother's ashtray. So I knew, intellectually, for example, that the chances of finding my grandmother's ashtray anywhere in the known universe were approximately zero. I knew also that I was in the mountain wilderness where rattlesnakes are really common in California. I knew that they like to poke around in stone ruins 'cause mice live there. I knew all these stuff and it did me no good. So this is what I mean when I say smart people do stupid things. This is the type of mistake that certain scientists call an intelligent mistake because all my learning, my most important learning caused the mistake
Laurence Gonzalez:
give you an example of a really bad mistake that I made using mental models. When I was a little kid, my grandmother had an ashtray that looks like a rattlesnake. It was a beautiful thing, made out of stone, and it was very realistic. And I had this model in my head of a rattlesnake that was, you know, benign, it was a harmless thing and it had these nice emotional associations with my childhood and my grandmother. And frankly, I never thought about it again. I don't know where it went. But one day as an adult, I was hiking in the Santa Monica Mountains and I came across the ruin of a stone house and I thought, "Oh cool. I'll look for a souvenir here. I'll find some old tool or something to bring home with me from this ruined house in the stone rubble." And I started searching around and then all of a sudden, lo and behold, there was my grandmother's ashtray. I'm like, "What a miracle! My grandmother's ashtray, how did that happen?" And I reached out to pick it up and then I saw its tongue come out. And, of course, I realized the very stupid mistake that I made because I had all these intellectual knowledge that could have prevented me from doing that. But they didn't because I was operating on a mental model, the closeness association I had and it was stored away. I haven't thought about it for decades, and it was my grandmother's ashtray. So I knew, intellectually, for example, that the chances of finding my grandmother's ashtray anywhere in the known universe were approximately zero. I knew also that I was in the mountain wilderness where rattlesnakes are really common in California. I knew that they like to poke around in stone ruins 'cause mice live there. I knew all these stuff and it did me no good. So this is what I mean when I say smart people do stupid things. This is the type of mistake that certain scientists call an intelligent mistake because all my learning, my most important learning caused the mistake

Relying on a system of mental models can confuse associations with reality says Laurence Gonzales.
.
Laurence Gonzalez:
give you an example of a really bad mistake that I made using mental models. When I was a little kid, my grandmother had an ashtray that looks like a rattlesnake. It was a beautiful thing, made out of stone, and it was very realistic. And I had this model in my head of a rattlesnake that was, you know, benign, it was a harmless thing and it had these nice emotional associations with my childhood and my grandmother. And frankly, I never thought about it again. I don't know where it went. But one day as an adult, I was hiking in the Santa Monica Mountains and I came across the ruin of a stone house and I thought, "Oh cool. I'll look for a souvenir here. I'll find some old tool or something to bring home with me from this ruined house in the stone rubble." And I started searching around and then all of a sudden, lo and behold, there was my grandmother's ashtray. I'm like, "What a miracle! My grandmother's ashtray, how did that happen?" And I reached out to pick it up and then I saw its tongue come out. And, of course, I realized the very stupid mistake that I made because I had all these intellectual knowledge that could have prevented me from doing that. But they didn't because I was operating on a mental model, the closeness association I had and it was stored away. I haven't thought about it for decades, and it was my grandmother's ashtray. So I knew, intellectually, for example, that the chances of finding my grandmother's ashtray anywhere in the known universe were approximately zero. I knew also that I was in the mountain wilderness where rattlesnakes are really common in California. I knew that they like to poke around in stone ruins 'cause mice live there. I knew all these stuff and it did me no good. So this is what I mean when I say smart people do stupid things. This is the type of mistake that certain scientists call an intelligent mistake because all my learning, my most important learning caused the mistake
Laurence Gonzalez:
give you an example of a really bad mistake that I made using mental models. When I was a little kid, my grandmother had an ashtray that looks like a rattlesnake. It was a beautiful thing, made out of stone, and it was very realistic. And I had this model in my head of a rattlesnake that was, you know, benign, it was a harmless thing and it had these nice emotional associations with my childhood and my grandmother. And frankly, I never thought about it again. I don't know where it went. But one day as an adult, I was hiking in the Santa Monica Mountains and I came across the ruin of a stone house and I thought, "Oh cool. I'll look for a souvenir here. I'll find some old tool or something to bring home with me from this ruined house in the stone rubble." And I started searching around and then all of a sudden, lo and behold, there was my grandmother's ashtray. I'm like, "What a miracle! My grandmother's ashtray, how did that happen?" And I reached out to pick it up and then I saw its tongue come out. And, of course, I realized the very stupid mistake that I made because I had all these intellectual knowledge that could have prevented me from doing that. But they didn't because I was operating on a mental model, the closeness association I had and it was stored away. I haven't thought about it for decades, and it was my grandmother's ashtray. So I knew, intellectually, for example, that the chances of finding my grandmother's ashtray anywhere in the known universe were approximately zero. I knew also that I was in the mountain wilderness where rattlesnakes are really common in California. I knew that they like to poke around in stone ruins 'cause mice live there. I knew all these stuff and it did me no good. So this is what I mean when I say smart people do stupid things. This is the type of mistake that certain scientists call an intelligent mistake because all my learning, my most important learning caused the mistake

In Chapter 4 of 15, leadership philosopher and bootstrap business expert Bijoy Goswami explains why he uses mental models to help himself and others refine their life approach. He shares how prejudice is an unconsidered mental model that is not fully processed. He encourages others to consider models they often outsource to others - political beliefs to political party, spiritual views to church, etc.

In Chapter 4 of 15, leadership philosopher and bootstrap business expert Bijoy Goswami explains why he uses mental models to help himself and others refine their life approach. He shares how prejudice is an unconsidered mental model that is not fully processed. He encourages others to consider models they often outsource to others - political beliefs to political party, spiritual views to church, etc.

Dr. DerekBruff from Vanderbilt University discusses how mental models that students carry into a new course can influence their perception of new information. He then stresses the importance of addressing these erroneous mental models in order to provide students with an accurate mental representation of the concepts they will cover in the course.

Dr. DerekBruff from Vanderbilt University discusses how mental models that students carry into a new course can influence their perception of new information. He then stresses the importance of addressing these erroneous mental models in order to provide students with an accurate mental representation of the concepts they will cover in the course.

Matching The User's Mental Model: Joe Natoli | UX Training

UX is all about matching user expectation with interactive experience. That expectation is born from the mental models we all have about how something is suppos...

UX is all about matching user expectation with interactive experience. That expectation is born from the mental models we all have about how something is supposed to work. In this clip I talk about why those mental models aren't as narrow as organizations often believe they are.
I share more detail on my methods in my new book, ThinkFirst — learn more at http://givegoodux.com/think-first.

UX is all about matching user expectation with interactive experience. That expectation is born from the mental models we all have about how something is supposed to work. In this clip I talk about why those mental models aren't as narrow as organizations often believe they are.
I share more detail on my methods in my new book, ThinkFirst — learn more at http://givegoodux.com/think-first.

Charlie Munger Interview & Q&A 2017

Charlie Munger Reveals Secrets to Getting Rich

http://www.charliemunger.net -- Charlie Munger, the long-time business partner of famed investor Warren Buffett, talks with the BBC. If you know anything about Charlie Munger, he's famous for his quick wit, plain spokeness and absolute genius. He has helped shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway amass untold forunes.

Billionaire Charlie Munger: Advice for Business and Life (2017)

published: 23 Sep 2017

Charlie Munger's Brutal Opinion On Investment Banks!

Charlie Munger as eloquent as ever gives his thoughts on Investment Banks.
A Q&A session with billionaire investor and vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Charlie Munger. In this interview, Charlie discusses a wide range of topics .
At the Berkshire Hathaway Annual Shareholder's Meeting (2016), Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger speak about: -Due Diligence -Why the overall economic .
I could improve your ultimate financial welfare by giving you a ticket with only twenty slots in it so that you had twenty punches representing all the investments .

http://www.charliemunger.net -- Charlie Munger, the long-time business partner of famed investor Warren Buffett, talks with the BBC. If you know anything about Charlie Munger, he's famous for his quick wit, plain spokeness and absolute genius. He has helped shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway amass untold forunes.

http://www.charliemunger.net -- Charlie Munger, the long-time business partner of famed investor Warren Buffett, talks with the BBC. If you know anything about Charlie Munger, he's famous for his quick wit, plain spokeness and absolute genius. He has helped shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway amass untold forunes.

A Q&A session with billionaire investor and vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Charlie Munger. In this interview, Charlie discusses a wide range of topics from life advice to the energy sector. Charlie touches on topic such as index funds, Donald Trump and much more.📚 Books about Charlie Munger and his favourite books are located at the bottom of the description❗
Like if you enjoyed
Subscribe for more:http://bit.ly/InvestorsArchive
Follow us on twitter:http://bit.ly/TwitterIA
Other great Stock MarketInvestor videos:⬇
Ray Dalio on Hedge funds, Success and Life/Work: http://bit.ly/RDVid1
Charlie Munger on Common sense and Investing:http://bit.ly/CMVid1
BillionaireJames Simons: Conquering Wall Street with Mathematics:http://bit.ly/JSVidIA
VideoSegments:
0:00 Are my ideas on what to do with my life the right ones to focus on?
2:50 Importance of American Express?
4:12 Is natural gas a good business?
6:16 How can you thrive as a polymath?
7:44 Spotting concerns?
9:33 Why is Warren Buffet a better investor after he turned 65?
15:27 Is Donald Trump qualified?
16:41 What is the most meaningful thing you have done with your life?
23:37 In another crisis, would there be a difference between the price of index funds and their underlying assets?
28:58 Favorite books and what tell do tell your grandchildren how to look for business opportunities?
33:10 Fulfilling duties?
34:44 The hardest idea you have ever destroyed?
38:24 Are capital allocators going to have to get more specialized?
41:25 Examples of investing small sums?
45:00 What is your favorite industry and why?
45:55 Any current monkey business in corporate America that concerns you?
48:40 If you had a billion dollars, would you be comfortable investing it in just 3 companies?
54:20 Irish banking preceding with the UK leaving the EU?
57:13 Thoughts on the prime minster of India?
1:02:00 What happened when you lost 50% in one year?
1:03:21 How do evaluate and manage people?
1:06:22 What would be the first thing a chinese person should do when investing in the US?
1:07:48 What are the big ideas?
1:11:07 The best way to invest with money managers?
1:13:34 Could the new administration unleash the animal spirit of the US?
1:16:12 When I get closer to your age, what will not change about business?
1:19:20 Is your fee structure fair?
1:20:48 Thoughts on agricultural industry?
1:25:42 How do you deal with the struggles of life?
1:28:25 Thoughts on border adjustment tax?
1:29:55 Where should deferred gratification be applied?
1:31:06 How do you know the limits of the circle of competence?
Charlie Munger Books 🇺🇸📈 (affiliate link)
Seeking Wisdom: From Darwin to Munger: http://bit.ly/SeekingWisdomCM
Poor Charlie’s almanac: http://bit.ly/PoorCharliesAlmanack
DamnRight: Behind the Scenes with Berkshire Hathaway Billionaire Charlie Munger: http://bit.ly/DamnRightCM
Charlie Mungers Favourite Books🔥
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: http://bit.ly/BenjaminFranklinCM
Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion: http://bit.ly/InfluenceTPOP
Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.: http://bit.ly/TitanRockefeller
InterviewDate: 16Th February, 2017Event: 2017 Daily JournalAnnual Meeting
OriginalImageSource:http://bit.ly/CMungerPic1
Investors Archive has videos of all the Investing/Business/Economic/Finance masters. Learn from their wisdom for free in one place.
For more check out the channel.
Remember to subscribe, share, comment and like!
No advertising.

A Q&A session with billionaire investor and vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Charlie Munger. In this interview, Charlie discusses a wide range of topics from life advice to the energy sector. Charlie touches on topic such as index funds, Donald Trump and much more.📚 Books about Charlie Munger and his favourite books are located at the bottom of the description❗
Like if you enjoyed
Subscribe for more:http://bit.ly/InvestorsArchive
Follow us on twitter:http://bit.ly/TwitterIA
Other great Stock MarketInvestor videos:⬇
Ray Dalio on Hedge funds, Success and Life/Work: http://bit.ly/RDVid1
Charlie Munger on Common sense and Investing:http://bit.ly/CMVid1
BillionaireJames Simons: Conquering Wall Street with Mathematics:http://bit.ly/JSVidIA
VideoSegments:
0:00 Are my ideas on what to do with my life the right ones to focus on?
2:50 Importance of American Express?
4:12 Is natural gas a good business?
6:16 How can you thrive as a polymath?
7:44 Spotting concerns?
9:33 Why is Warren Buffet a better investor after he turned 65?
15:27 Is Donald Trump qualified?
16:41 What is the most meaningful thing you have done with your life?
23:37 In another crisis, would there be a difference between the price of index funds and their underlying assets?
28:58 Favorite books and what tell do tell your grandchildren how to look for business opportunities?
33:10 Fulfilling duties?
34:44 The hardest idea you have ever destroyed?
38:24 Are capital allocators going to have to get more specialized?
41:25 Examples of investing small sums?
45:00 What is your favorite industry and why?
45:55 Any current monkey business in corporate America that concerns you?
48:40 If you had a billion dollars, would you be comfortable investing it in just 3 companies?
54:20 Irish banking preceding with the UK leaving the EU?
57:13 Thoughts on the prime minster of India?
1:02:00 What happened when you lost 50% in one year?
1:03:21 How do evaluate and manage people?
1:06:22 What would be the first thing a chinese person should do when investing in the US?
1:07:48 What are the big ideas?
1:11:07 The best way to invest with money managers?
1:13:34 Could the new administration unleash the animal spirit of the US?
1:16:12 When I get closer to your age, what will not change about business?
1:19:20 Is your fee structure fair?
1:20:48 Thoughts on agricultural industry?
1:25:42 How do you deal with the struggles of life?
1:28:25 Thoughts on border adjustment tax?
1:29:55 Where should deferred gratification be applied?
1:31:06 How do you know the limits of the circle of competence?
Charlie Munger Books 🇺🇸📈 (affiliate link)
Seeking Wisdom: From Darwin to Munger: http://bit.ly/SeekingWisdomCM
Poor Charlie’s almanac: http://bit.ly/PoorCharliesAlmanack
DamnRight: Behind the Scenes with Berkshire Hathaway Billionaire Charlie Munger: http://bit.ly/DamnRightCM
Charlie Mungers Favourite Books🔥
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: http://bit.ly/BenjaminFranklinCM
Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion: http://bit.ly/InfluenceTPOP
Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.: http://bit.ly/TitanRockefeller
InterviewDate: 16Th February, 2017Event: 2017 Daily JournalAnnual Meeting
OriginalImageSource:http://bit.ly/CMungerPic1
Investors Archive has videos of all the Investing/Business/Economic/Finance masters. Learn from their wisdom for free in one place.
For more check out the channel.
Remember to subscribe, share, comment and like!
No advertising.

Charlie Munger as eloquent as ever gives his thoughts on Investment Banks.
A Q&A session with billionaire investor and vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Charlie Munger. In this interview, Charlie discusses a wide range of topics .
At the Berkshire Hathaway Annual Shareholder's Meeting (2016), Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger speak about: -Due Diligence -Why the overall economic .
I could improve your ultimate financial welfare by giving you a ticket with only twenty slots in it so that you had twenty punches representing all the investments .

Charlie Munger as eloquent as ever gives his thoughts on Investment Banks.
A Q&A session with billionaire investor and vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Charlie Munger. In this interview, Charlie discusses a wide range of topics .
At the Berkshire Hathaway Annual Shareholder's Meeting (2016), Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger speak about: -Due Diligence -Why the overall economic .
I could improve your ultimate financial welfare by giving you a ticket with only twenty slots in it so that you had twenty punches representing all the investments .

How To Stop Living Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish

How To StopLiving Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish
SHOWNOTES: http://www.scienceofsuccess.co/show-notes/2016/6/7/how-to-stop-living-your-life-on-autopilot-take-control-and-build-a-toolbox-of-mental-models-to-understand-reality-with-farnam-streets-shane-parrish
Do you feel like your life is on auto-pilot? Do you want to take control and build a better and deeper understanding of reality? In this episode we discuss mental models, cognitive biases, go deep on decision-making and how to improve and build a smarter decision-making framework and we look at a number of key mental models that you can add to your mental toolbox.
If you want to dramatically improve your decision making with a few short steps - listen to this episode!
Shane Parrish is ...

published: 09 Jan 2017

LIVE EVENT: Using Mental Models to Delegate with Leverage

See the full blog post at: https://thinking.school/blog/delegate-with-leverage/
This quick 30-minute talk turned into an amazing Q&A session that lasted over an hour. This was a great conversation where we had fun, shared some ideas and even got a chance to share a little bit about ourselves at the end too! I hope you get something out of it.

published: 19 Apr 2016

"Mental models"

"Mental models" -- frameworks, pictures, sequenced steps of a process -- can help students move to abstract thinking. When "mental models" are directly taught, abstract information can be learned much more quickly and retained because the mind has a way to retain it. Learn how to use mental models that will help students better comprehend college processes and classroom content.

http://www.ydae.purdue.edu/oarei/
In this webinar presentation, Eric Gallandt of the University of Maine discusses organic farmers' knowledge and perceptions of weed management practices and how that influenced their farms' weed seedbanks. From this research he provides recommendations for future areas for extension efforts with organic farmers.

published: 25 Mar 2014

019 - Understanding Your Divided Mind: Kahneman, Haidt and Greene

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for mastering skills in communication and persuasion.
http://argumentninja.com/podcast/019-understanding-your-divided-mind-kahneman-haidt-and-greene/
On this episode I offer a gentle introduction to three different approaches to understanding our divided mind. I compare and contrast the dual-process theories of Daniel Kahneman (Thinking, Fast and Slow), Jonathan Haidt (The Righteous Mind) and Joshua Greene (MoralTribes).
The simple mental models these authors use should be part of every critical thinker’s toolbox.
My other goal with this episode is to give enough background to help listeners think more critically about dual-process theo...

published: 01 Jun 2017

Digging Beyond User Preferences

Google Tech Talks
July, 16 2008
ABSTRACT
Many of the applications you develop are applications you would use. This makes it easy to know what will work and what won't. At some point, however, you'll find yourself developing something that you would only occasionally use, and suddenly you're treading in dark places. You know user research is important, you know the experience of using the product should be positive, if not delightful. But sometimes the findings you get are pretty difficult to translate into a decision about the software.
Mental models are diagrams that represent the underlying philosophies and emotions that drive people's behavior, matched up with the ways you think you can support them with your software. Rather than knowing "I like to go to movies alone," you'll learn...

published: 22 Jul 2008

Goal Summit 2017: How to Definitively, Completely, Utterly Eradicate Stress From Your Life

Stress is a big factor in life for all levels of professionals, from beginning associate to long-time CEO. The major reason this is an unwelcome guest in our life is that we are grossly mistaken about WHY we feel stress, and therefore, the steps we take to reduce it are ineffective. Dr. Srikumar Rao (The Rao Institute) has a uniquely different perspective on why we feel stress. He will teach you to think differently about it, and as you learn and apply new mental models, stress will largely disappear from your life.

published: 22 May 2017

070 - The Return on Investment of Mental Models with Robert Hagstrom

In this episode, we are joined by Robert Hagstrom, who is an author, investment strategist, and portfolio manager. His books include The New York Times bestselling The Warren Buffett Way and The NASCAR Way: The Business That Drives the Sport and the recently republished Investing: The LastLiberalArt, in which he investigates investment concepts that lie out with traditional economics.
What Was Covered
Robert's commitment to the “latticework” theory of investing, which is based on building connections between different mental models and disciplines The reasons that Robert views biology as the better discipline to think about markets rather than the physics based approach most commonly used in modern portfolio theory The risks of comparative analysis for decision making given our ...

published: 17 Apr 2018

017 - White Belt Curriculum (Part 2): The Tao of Socrates

In episode 017 I give an update on new content at the ArgumentNinja website (http://argumentninja.com), and I finish reviewing the white belt curriculum for the Argument Ninja Academy program.
The third and fourth learning modules in the white belt curriculum are titled "SocraticKnowledge" and "Socratic Persuasion".
In this episode I have an extended case study of a challenging persuasion case over the following issue: Do Christians and Muslims worship the same God?
In This Episode:
- Preparing for an upcoming talk on cognitive biases and causal reasoning (2:47)
- The FeynmanTechnique (5:10)
- Why the Argument Ninja podcast is like a novel, and the Argument Ninja Academy is like the movie based on the novel (7:00)
- I wrote 14 new articles for the Argument Ninja website (10:10)...

Conceptual modeling began informally. As human beings evolved and began to make sense of the world, many constructed mental models of themselves as agents in a hostile environment. These models enabled them to make predictions and test hypotheses about behaviors that might increase their survival rate.
Similarly, engineers today develop mental models of the systems they design, and scientists construct such models to understand, explain, and predict natural phenomena. Conceptual models are both visual-graphical and verbal-textual, but almost always implicit and informal. Object-Process Methodology (OPM), recently approved as ISO 19450, is both an explicit conceptual modeling language and a paradigm for approaching systems modeling. OPM is bimodal. It represents the same model both graphic...

published: 12 Feb 2015

The 7 Premium Business Models You Need NOW - Successful Coaching And Consulting Secrets Ep.9

Just one of these 7 PremiumBusinessModels can affect the amount of money you make. You must have Clarity with yourself first before you can apply one of these models with clients and offer solutions and clarity to them. The King of HighTicketSales Dan Lok explains it here. Watch the whole series here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmvQbpWWimc&list=PLEmTTOfet46MqCUkqbbc3sCW8-2gEED5r
★☆★BONUS FOR A LIMITED TIME★☆★
You can download Dan Lok's best-selling book F.U.Money for FREE:
http://www.fumoneybook.com
★☆★ SUBSCRIBE TO DAN'S YOUTUBE CHANNEL NOW ★☆★
https://www.youtube.com/user/vanentrepreneurgroup?sub_confirmation=1
Check out these Top Trending Playlist:
1.) How to Sell High Ticket Products & Services: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46PlgDZSSo-gxM8ahZ9RtNQE
...

published: 18 May 2018

MCE 2017: Sophia Voychehovski, Object-Oriented UX

Sophia Voychehovski, Object-Oriented UX: Designing for your Users' Real WorldMental Models
"Decades ago, the development community experienced a revolution, moving the industry from procedural code to object-oriented code. Now, a similar revolution is happening within UX design, but it has nothing to do with code. Across the globe, UXers are beginning to design in objects—objects that reflect users’ real world mental models, as well as behind-the-scenes CMSs and databases.This interactive mini-workshop will take you through the basics of Object-Oriented UX, as introduced in Sophia's popular article on A List Apart. She'll challenge your thinking with some short exercises, while giving you highly applicable tools to start implementing this bold new way of thinking. Warning: you will leave...

published: 06 Jul 2017

How To Reverse Aging With Your Mind | Marisa Peer

Celebrity hypnotherapist, Marisa Peer, explains how you can reverse your age, and stay young in body and in mind. Learn more with her FreeMasterclass, Instant Transformational Hypnotherapy: http://pxlme.me/kghq8-b0
ABOUT MARISA PEER
Marisa Peer, who was once named the BestBritish Therapist by Men’s Health magazine, has spent 25 years working with an extensive client list including royalty, rock stars, Hollywood actors, Olympic athletes, CEOs of multi-billion dollar companies and political leaders. Her tools and techniques aim to bridge the gap between 99% of the population and the top 1% of super-achievers she works with. She’s discovered eight unique Mental Thought Models (which are the result of the eight transformations) that will do this for most people.
ABOUT A-FEST
A-Fest is an in...

How To Teach Your Mind That Everything Is Available To You | Marisa Peer

What beliefs are holding you back? According to celebrity hypnotherapist Marisa Peer, explains that we often hold onto old beliefs that formed during childhood — even though they no longer serve us. Instead, she describes a simple way to hack your beliefs, so you understand that everything is available to you. If you like this video, you'll love Marisa's free Mindvalley program '5 Days To UnstoppableConfidence' : http://pxlme.me/kghq8-b0
##################################################
ABOUT MARISA PEER
Marisa Peer, who was once named the BestBritish Therapist by Men’s Health magazine, has spent 25 years working with an extensive client list including royalty, rock stars, Hollywood actors, Olympic athletes, CEOs of multi-billion dollar companies and political leaders.
Her tools and...

published: 15 Jul 2016

Design at Large - David Kirsh, Thinking with your Body and Other Things

Thinking with your Body and Other ThingsDavid Kirsh, Department of Cognitive Science, UCSD
ABSTRACT: Where does thought, creativity and understanding come from? For the past five years I have been studying the creative practice of a super expert choreographer. I have also been studying problem solving, design thinking and new approaches to situated cognition. A common element running through these studies is that in natural contexts people use resources of all sorts to think with. They use their bodies, their gestures, instruments, tools, representations and everyday objects. The simple thesis I advance is that people often think their ideas through by modeling them. The models they create are partial and personal. Sometimes these models are encoded in recognized forms: words, drawings,...

published: 21 Oct 2014

How to Design Documentation with Users in Mind by David Dick 091715

We all have ideas about how something works; and we all have ideas about how something should work. These ideas are based on our previous experiences with the same or similar products. When products work the way users think they should work, they can successfully use them. When products do not work the way users think they should work, they get frustrated. Cognitive psychology refers to the way we develop an understanding of how something works as a “mental model.” Mental models are a key concept in the development of user guides, tutorials, demonstrations, and user assistance. This webinar teaches practical approaches to understanding user’s mental models, and the types of documentation we can use to help users develop an accurate understanding about the product, and how to use it success...

published: 24 Oct 2017

Social model of mental health (PSY)

DCI: Re-thinking the foundations of object orientation and of programming - Trygve Reenskaug

Recorded 2009-11-06 at Øredev - http://oredev.org/
http://vimeo.com/8235394
Sometime in the last 40 years, object-oriented programming got lost. Instead of producing code that can be understood by reading, it produces code that can be explored only by tests. In this talk, the inventor of the DCI (Data, Collaborations, and Interactions) architecture will describe its motivations and origins: how it can produce source code that maps directly from end user mental models, making it easier to understand and evolve.
More information is here http://www.toalexsmail.com/2012/09/dci.html

"Thinking in New Boxes: A New Paradigm for BusinessCreativity"
In "Thinking in Boxes: A New Paradigm for Business Creativity," the Boston Consulting Group's Luc de Brabandere and Alan Iny argue that we cannot help using mental models—or "boxes"—to organize our thinking; they are hardwired into the human brain. That is why the frequently stated maxim to "think outside the box" is not nearly as effective for brainstorming, solving problems creatively, and seeing potential opportunities.
De Brabandere and Iny have created a systematic way to help organizations assess their current business assumptions, isolate ways of thinking and functioning that are falling out of date, and replace them with ideas and perspectives that can lead to growth. Their approach is based on five steps that will ...

How To StopLiving Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish
SHOWNOTES: http://www.scienceofsuccess.co/show-notes/2016/6/7/how-to-stop-living-your-life-on-autopilot-take-control-and-build-a-toolbox-of-mental-models-to-understand-reality-with-farnam-streets-shane-parrish
Do you feel like your life is on auto-pilot? Do you want to take control and build a better and deeper understanding of reality? In this episode we discuss mental models, cognitive biases, go deep on decision-making and how to improve and build a smarter decision-making framework and we look at a number of key mental models that you can add to your mental toolbox.
If you want to dramatically improve your decision making with a few short steps - listen to this episode!
Shane Parrish is the founder and author of the Farnam Street blog, which has been featured in Forbes, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, and much more, its one of my personal favorite blogs and an incredible resource dedicated to making you smarter every day by mastering the best of what other’s have already figured out.
We discuss the following topics:
-Why you should focus on mastering things that change slowly or don’t change at all
-Why reading “pop” books and news doesn’t make you smarter
-How to pattern interrupt yourself when you get focused on the wrong things
-What “mental models” are and how you can use them to your advantage
-Why you should focus on your “circle of competence"
-How to reduce your blindspots and make better decisions
-Simple steps you can take right now to improve your decision-making
-How to think about the world like Charlie Munger
-How you can avoid becoming “a man with a hammer"
-Why you should focus on avoiding stupidity instead of trying to be smart
-Why its so important that you should keep a decision journal (how to do it)
-And much more!
Learn more and visit Shane at https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/
SUBSCRIBE ON ITUNES: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-science-of-success/id1059509178?mt=2
SUBSCRIBE ON STITCHER: http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/the-science-of-success?refid=stpr
SUBSCRIBE ON ANDROID: https://goo.gl/app/playmusic?ibi=com.google.PlayMusic&isi=691797987&ius=googleplaymusic&link=https://play.google.com/music/m/Ikan6occob4hkerx32j2zmik3he?t%3DThe_Science_of_Success
JOIN OUR EMAIL LIST: http://scienceofsuccess.co

How To StopLiving Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish
SHOWNOTES: http://www.scienceofsuccess.co/show-notes/2016/6/7/how-to-stop-living-your-life-on-autopilot-take-control-and-build-a-toolbox-of-mental-models-to-understand-reality-with-farnam-streets-shane-parrish
Do you feel like your life is on auto-pilot? Do you want to take control and build a better and deeper understanding of reality? In this episode we discuss mental models, cognitive biases, go deep on decision-making and how to improve and build a smarter decision-making framework and we look at a number of key mental models that you can add to your mental toolbox.
If you want to dramatically improve your decision making with a few short steps - listen to this episode!
Shane Parrish is the founder and author of the Farnam Street blog, which has been featured in Forbes, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, and much more, its one of my personal favorite blogs and an incredible resource dedicated to making you smarter every day by mastering the best of what other’s have already figured out.
We discuss the following topics:
-Why you should focus on mastering things that change slowly or don’t change at all
-Why reading “pop” books and news doesn’t make you smarter
-How to pattern interrupt yourself when you get focused on the wrong things
-What “mental models” are and how you can use them to your advantage
-Why you should focus on your “circle of competence"
-How to reduce your blindspots and make better decisions
-Simple steps you can take right now to improve your decision-making
-How to think about the world like Charlie Munger
-How you can avoid becoming “a man with a hammer"
-Why you should focus on avoiding stupidity instead of trying to be smart
-Why its so important that you should keep a decision journal (how to do it)
-And much more!
Learn more and visit Shane at https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/
SUBSCRIBE ON ITUNES: https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-science-of-success/id1059509178?mt=2
SUBSCRIBE ON STITCHER: http://www.stitcher.com/podcast/the-science-of-success?refid=stpr
SUBSCRIBE ON ANDROID: https://goo.gl/app/playmusic?ibi=com.google.PlayMusic&isi=691797987&ius=googleplaymusic&link=https://play.google.com/music/m/Ikan6occob4hkerx32j2zmik3he?t%3DThe_Science_of_Success
JOIN OUR EMAIL LIST: http://scienceofsuccess.co

LIVE EVENT: Using Mental Models to Delegate with Leverage

See the full blog post at: https://thinking.school/blog/delegate-with-leverage/
This quick 30-minute talk turned into an amazing Q&A session that lasted over a...

See the full blog post at: https://thinking.school/blog/delegate-with-leverage/
This quick 30-minute talk turned into an amazing Q&A session that lasted over an hour. This was a great conversation where we had fun, shared some ideas and even got a chance to share a little bit about ourselves at the end too! I hope you get something out of it.

See the full blog post at: https://thinking.school/blog/delegate-with-leverage/
This quick 30-minute talk turned into an amazing Q&A session that lasted over an hour. This was a great conversation where we had fun, shared some ideas and even got a chance to share a little bit about ourselves at the end too! I hope you get something out of it.

"Mental models"

"Mental models" -- frameworks, pictures, sequenced steps of a process -- can help students move to abstract thinking. When "mental models" are directly taught, ...

"Mental models" -- frameworks, pictures, sequenced steps of a process -- can help students move to abstract thinking. When "mental models" are directly taught, abstract information can be learned much more quickly and retained because the mind has a way to retain it. Learn how to use mental models that will help students better comprehend college processes and classroom content.

"Mental models" -- frameworks, pictures, sequenced steps of a process -- can help students move to abstract thinking. When "mental models" are directly taught, abstract information can be learned much more quickly and retained because the mind has a way to retain it. Learn how to use mental models that will help students better comprehend college processes and classroom content.

http://www.ydae.purdue.edu/oarei/
In this webinar presentation, Eric Gallandt of the University of Maine discusses organic farmers' knowledge and perceptions o...

http://www.ydae.purdue.edu/oarei/
In this webinar presentation, Eric Gallandt of the University of Maine discusses organic farmers' knowledge and perceptions of weed management practices and how that influenced their farms' weed seedbanks. From this research he provides recommendations for future areas for extension efforts with organic farmers.

http://www.ydae.purdue.edu/oarei/
In this webinar presentation, Eric Gallandt of the University of Maine discusses organic farmers' knowledge and perceptions of weed management practices and how that influenced their farms' weed seedbanks. From this research he provides recommendations for future areas for extension efforts with organic farmers.

019 - Understanding Your Divided Mind: Kahneman, Haidt and Greene

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for maste...

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for mastering skills in communication and persuasion.
http://argumentninja.com/podcast/019-understanding-your-divided-mind-kahneman-haidt-and-greene/
On this episode I offer a gentle introduction to three different approaches to understanding our divided mind. I compare and contrast the dual-process theories of Daniel Kahneman (Thinking, Fast and Slow), Jonathan Haidt (The Righteous Mind) and Joshua Greene (MoralTribes).
The simple mental models these authors use should be part of every critical thinker’s toolbox.
My other goal with this episode is to give enough background to help listeners think more critically about dual-process theories themselves, to better understand the state of the science and the diversity of views that fall under this label.
Breakdown:
- Why it’s important to cultivate multiple mental models (2:40)
- Kahneman and Tversky: biases and heuristics (4:20)
- Example: the availability heuristic (5:30)
- Cognitive biases originating from mismatches between the problem a heuristic was designed to solve, and the problem actually faced (8:20)
- Dual-process theories in psychology that pre-date System 1 and System 2 (9:35)
- The System 1 – System 2 distinction (12:00)
- Kahneman’s teaching model: System 1 and System 2 as personified agents (18:30)
- Example: “Answering an EasierQuestion” (19:30)
- How beliefs and judgments are formed: System 1 to System 2 (22:20)
- System 2 can override System 1 (23:35)
- Assessing Kahneman’s model (25:40)
- Introduction to Jonathan Haidt (28:40)
- The Elephant and the Rider model (30:50)
- Principles for changing human behavior, based on the Elephant and the Rider model (33:00)
- Introduction to Haidt’s moral psychology (34:00)
- Haidt’s dual-process view of moral judgment (34:30)
- Moral reasoning as an adaptation for social influence (35:20)
- Moral intuitions as evolutionary adaptations (36:30)
- Introduction to the moral emotions (six core responses) (37:50)
- Liberal versus conservative moral psychology (39:20)
- The moral matrix: it “binds us and blinds us” (40:30)
- What an enlightened moral stance would look like (41:55)
- Assessing Haidt’s model (42:40)
- Introduction to Joshua Greene (46:20)
- Greene’s digital camera model: presets vs manual mode (47:20)
- When preset mode (moral intuition) is unreliable (50:52)
- When should we rely on System 2, “manual mode” (52:40)
- Greene’s consequentialist view of moral reasoning (53:10)
- How Greene’s dual-process view of moral judgment differs from Haidt’s (53:30)
- Summary: the value of multiple mental models for critical thinking (55:55)
---
For show notes, commentary, full transcripts, and to learn more about how to subscribe to the Argument Ninja podcast:
http://argumentninja.com
Support the development of the Argument Ninja Academy on Patreon!
http://patreon.com/kevindelaplante
Join the discussion on Facebook:
http://facebook.com/CriticalThinkerAcademy

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for mastering skills in communication and persuasion.
http://argumentninja.com/podcast/019-understanding-your-divided-mind-kahneman-haidt-and-greene/
On this episode I offer a gentle introduction to three different approaches to understanding our divided mind. I compare and contrast the dual-process theories of Daniel Kahneman (Thinking, Fast and Slow), Jonathan Haidt (The Righteous Mind) and Joshua Greene (MoralTribes).
The simple mental models these authors use should be part of every critical thinker’s toolbox.
My other goal with this episode is to give enough background to help listeners think more critically about dual-process theories themselves, to better understand the state of the science and the diversity of views that fall under this label.
Breakdown:
- Why it’s important to cultivate multiple mental models (2:40)
- Kahneman and Tversky: biases and heuristics (4:20)
- Example: the availability heuristic (5:30)
- Cognitive biases originating from mismatches between the problem a heuristic was designed to solve, and the problem actually faced (8:20)
- Dual-process theories in psychology that pre-date System 1 and System 2 (9:35)
- The System 1 – System 2 distinction (12:00)
- Kahneman’s teaching model: System 1 and System 2 as personified agents (18:30)
- Example: “Answering an EasierQuestion” (19:30)
- How beliefs and judgments are formed: System 1 to System 2 (22:20)
- System 2 can override System 1 (23:35)
- Assessing Kahneman’s model (25:40)
- Introduction to Jonathan Haidt (28:40)
- The Elephant and the Rider model (30:50)
- Principles for changing human behavior, based on the Elephant and the Rider model (33:00)
- Introduction to Haidt’s moral psychology (34:00)
- Haidt’s dual-process view of moral judgment (34:30)
- Moral reasoning as an adaptation for social influence (35:20)
- Moral intuitions as evolutionary adaptations (36:30)
- Introduction to the moral emotions (six core responses) (37:50)
- Liberal versus conservative moral psychology (39:20)
- The moral matrix: it “binds us and blinds us” (40:30)
- What an enlightened moral stance would look like (41:55)
- Assessing Haidt’s model (42:40)
- Introduction to Joshua Greene (46:20)
- Greene’s digital camera model: presets vs manual mode (47:20)
- When preset mode (moral intuition) is unreliable (50:52)
- When should we rely on System 2, “manual mode” (52:40)
- Greene’s consequentialist view of moral reasoning (53:10)
- How Greene’s dual-process view of moral judgment differs from Haidt’s (53:30)
- Summary: the value of multiple mental models for critical thinking (55:55)
---
For show notes, commentary, full transcripts, and to learn more about how to subscribe to the Argument Ninja podcast:
http://argumentninja.com
Support the development of the Argument Ninja Academy on Patreon!
http://patreon.com/kevindelaplante
Join the discussion on Facebook:
http://facebook.com/CriticalThinkerAcademy

Digging Beyond User Preferences

Google Tech Talks
July, 16 2008
ABSTRACT
Many of the applications you develop are applications you would use. This makes it easy to know what will work and wh...

Google Tech Talks
July, 16 2008
ABSTRACT
Many of the applications you develop are applications you would use. This makes it easy to know what will work and what won't. At some point, however, you'll find yourself developing something that you would only occasionally use, and suddenly you're treading in dark places. You know user research is important, you know the experience of using the product should be positive, if not delightful. But sometimes the findings you get are pretty difficult to translate into a decision about the software.
Mental models are diagrams that represent the underlying philosophies and emotions that drive people's behavior, matched up with the ways you think you can support them with your software. Rather than knowing "I like to go to movies alone," you'll learn the myriad reasons why. (E.g. "I like to give the director the attention and respect he deserves, because when I wrote a play in college, people didn't pay attention very well, they didn't get the point, and I felt frustrated.") Knowing the motivating philosophy opens up different avenues for supporting the behavior. You could, for example, offer additional means for this type of moviegoer to "get the point" of the movie. Mental models are useful as structures for attaching these ideas to sets of philosophies and for generating new ideas in places where there are gaps.
In this presentation, author Indi Young will introduce you to mental models and show you one that was developed at Google for the Analytics product. Indi will show you how to use the mental model to expand your perspective and create applications that reach beyond the basic requirements.
Speaker: Indi Young
Indi's work spans a number of decades, from the mid-80's when the desktop metaphor was replacing command line and menu-based systems, to the mid-90's when the Web first toddled onto the scene, to now, when designers are intent on crafting good experiences. After 10 years of consulting, Indi helped found AdaptivePath with six other partners, all hoping to spread good design around the world, making things easier for people everywhere. Indi's mental models have helped both start-ups and large corporations discover and support customer behaviors they didn't think to explore at first. She has written a book about the mental model method, Mental Models - Aligning design strategy with human behavior, published by RosenfeldMedia.

Google Tech Talks
July, 16 2008
ABSTRACT
Many of the applications you develop are applications you would use. This makes it easy to know what will work and what won't. At some point, however, you'll find yourself developing something that you would only occasionally use, and suddenly you're treading in dark places. You know user research is important, you know the experience of using the product should be positive, if not delightful. But sometimes the findings you get are pretty difficult to translate into a decision about the software.
Mental models are diagrams that represent the underlying philosophies and emotions that drive people's behavior, matched up with the ways you think you can support them with your software. Rather than knowing "I like to go to movies alone," you'll learn the myriad reasons why. (E.g. "I like to give the director the attention and respect he deserves, because when I wrote a play in college, people didn't pay attention very well, they didn't get the point, and I felt frustrated.") Knowing the motivating philosophy opens up different avenues for supporting the behavior. You could, for example, offer additional means for this type of moviegoer to "get the point" of the movie. Mental models are useful as structures for attaching these ideas to sets of philosophies and for generating new ideas in places where there are gaps.
In this presentation, author Indi Young will introduce you to mental models and show you one that was developed at Google for the Analytics product. Indi will show you how to use the mental model to expand your perspective and create applications that reach beyond the basic requirements.
Speaker: Indi Young
Indi's work spans a number of decades, from the mid-80's when the desktop metaphor was replacing command line and menu-based systems, to the mid-90's when the Web first toddled onto the scene, to now, when designers are intent on crafting good experiences. After 10 years of consulting, Indi helped found AdaptivePath with six other partners, all hoping to spread good design around the world, making things easier for people everywhere. Indi's mental models have helped both start-ups and large corporations discover and support customer behaviors they didn't think to explore at first. She has written a book about the mental model method, Mental Models - Aligning design strategy with human behavior, published by RosenfeldMedia.

Goal Summit 2017: How to Definitively, Completely, Utterly Eradicate Stress From Your Life

Stress is a big factor in life for all levels of professionals, from beginning associate to long-time CEO. The major reason this is an unwelcome guest in our li...

Stress is a big factor in life for all levels of professionals, from beginning associate to long-time CEO. The major reason this is an unwelcome guest in our life is that we are grossly mistaken about WHY we feel stress, and therefore, the steps we take to reduce it are ineffective. Dr. Srikumar Rao (The Rao Institute) has a uniquely different perspective on why we feel stress. He will teach you to think differently about it, and as you learn and apply new mental models, stress will largely disappear from your life.

Stress is a big factor in life for all levels of professionals, from beginning associate to long-time CEO. The major reason this is an unwelcome guest in our life is that we are grossly mistaken about WHY we feel stress, and therefore, the steps we take to reduce it are ineffective. Dr. Srikumar Rao (The Rao Institute) has a uniquely different perspective on why we feel stress. He will teach you to think differently about it, and as you learn and apply new mental models, stress will largely disappear from your life.

070 - The Return on Investment of Mental Models with Robert Hagstrom

In this episode, we are joined by Robert Hagstrom, who is an author, investment strategist, and portfolio manager. His books include The New York Times bestsell...

In this episode, we are joined by Robert Hagstrom, who is an author, investment strategist, and portfolio manager. His books include The New York Times bestselling The Warren Buffett Way and The NASCAR Way: The Business That Drives the Sport and the recently republished Investing: The LastLiberalArt, in which he investigates investment concepts that lie out with traditional economics.
What Was Covered
Robert's commitment to the “latticework” theory of investing, which is based on building connections between different mental models and disciplines The reasons that Robert views biology as the better discipline to think about markets rather than the physics based approach most commonly used in modern portfolio theory The risks of comparative analysis for decision making given our tendency to look for what is similar more than what is different Key Takeaways and Learnings Steps to being a better investor by using multiple models of comparison and analysis and observing multiple perspectives Robert's advice on the questions to ask yourself before investing in companies, and how he personally looks for growth in potential new investments How to think outside of traditional economic theory and use concepts from biology, philosophy, and psychology to make better business decisions Links and Resources Mentioned in this Episode Get in touch with Robert Hagstrom via email, LinkedIn or Twitter EquityCompass Strategies, website Investing: The Last Liberal Art, a book by Robert Hagstrom The Warren Buffett Way, a book by Robert Hagstrom The NASCAR Way: The Business That Drives the Sport, a book by Robert Hagstrom Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger, a book by Charlie Munger The Innovation Ecosystem Podcast Episode 063 - When Big And Small Make Great with Brad Feld

In this episode, we are joined by Robert Hagstrom, who is an author, investment strategist, and portfolio manager. His books include The New York Times bestselling The Warren Buffett Way and The NASCAR Way: The Business That Drives the Sport and the recently republished Investing: The LastLiberalArt, in which he investigates investment concepts that lie out with traditional economics.
What Was Covered
Robert's commitment to the “latticework” theory of investing, which is based on building connections between different mental models and disciplines The reasons that Robert views biology as the better discipline to think about markets rather than the physics based approach most commonly used in modern portfolio theory The risks of comparative analysis for decision making given our tendency to look for what is similar more than what is different Key Takeaways and Learnings Steps to being a better investor by using multiple models of comparison and analysis and observing multiple perspectives Robert's advice on the questions to ask yourself before investing in companies, and how he personally looks for growth in potential new investments How to think outside of traditional economic theory and use concepts from biology, philosophy, and psychology to make better business decisions Links and Resources Mentioned in this Episode Get in touch with Robert Hagstrom via email, LinkedIn or Twitter EquityCompass Strategies, website Investing: The Last Liberal Art, a book by Robert Hagstrom The Warren Buffett Way, a book by Robert Hagstrom The NASCAR Way: The Business That Drives the Sport, a book by Robert Hagstrom Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger, a book by Charlie Munger The Innovation Ecosystem Podcast Episode 063 - When Big And Small Make Great with Brad Feld

017 - White Belt Curriculum (Part 2): The Tao of Socrates

In episode 017 I give an update on new content at the ArgumentNinja website (http://argumentninja.com), and I finish reviewing the white belt curriculum for th...

In episode 017 I give an update on new content at the ArgumentNinja website (http://argumentninja.com), and I finish reviewing the white belt curriculum for the Argument Ninja Academy program.
The third and fourth learning modules in the white belt curriculum are titled "SocraticKnowledge" and "Socratic Persuasion".
In this episode I have an extended case study of a challenging persuasion case over the following issue: Do Christians and Muslims worship the same God?
In This Episode:
- Preparing for an upcoming talk on cognitive biases and causal reasoning (2:47)
- The FeynmanTechnique (5:10)
- Why the Argument Ninja podcast is like a novel, and the Argument Ninja Academy is like the movie based on the novel (7:00)
- I wrote 14 new articles for the Argument Ninja website (10:10)
http://argumentninja.com/start-here/
- A working draft of the Argument Ninja Academy curriculum (10:45)
http://argumentninja.com/curriculum/
- All my recurring supporters on the Wall of Thanks (11:29)
http://argumentninja.com/support/
- My steering committee (12:10)
- Relationship of the Argument Ninja program to themes often discussed in other podcasts -- martial arts for the mind (Joe Rogan, Tim Ferriss, Bryan Callen and Hunter Maats, Sam Harris, Jocko Willink) (12:57)
- MixedMental Arts (15:30)
- Socratic methods (18:30)
- A typical Socratic dialogue (18:53)
- Socrates as the first moral epistemologist (22:00)
- Why Socratic knowledge is valuable (22:30)
- Socratic knowledge as knowledge of argument structure; Socratic questioning as a tool for building this structure (27:00)
- Socratic knowledge is compatible with saying "I don't know" (29:00)
- Socratic knowledge and training within the dojo (31:40)
- Socratic methods as a tool of persuasion (33:20)
- Simple mental models to help us think about persuasion strategy (35:10)
- Hard styles versus soft styles in martial arts and persuasion (36:00)
- Socratic questioning as a soft style (37:30)
- The core belief network model (38:52)
- Persuasion strategy based on the core belief network model (40:53)
- Socratic questioning as a tool for mapping the core belief network (42:30)
- The bank heist model (44:30)
- The IndianJones swap model (45:35)
- Case study: "Do Christians and Muslims worship the same God?" (47:00)
- Why the best tool for guiding a Socratic conversation is Socratic knowledge -- i.e. knowing what you're talking about (50:33)
- Arguments against the claim that Christians and Muslims worship the same God (51:25)
- Arguments for the claim that Christians and Muslisms worship the same God (52:50)
- Thinking about the "emotional resonance" of these arguments (57:45)
- An example of an "Indiana Jones swap" (59:27)
- Why I initially titled this module "StreetEpistemology", and why I changed it (1:01:40)
- Origins of the Street Epistemology movement (1:02:34)
- Why the Argument Ninja Academy is non-partisan with respect to ethical, political and religious beliefs (1:05:37)
- Thanks to new monthly supporters on Patreon! (1:07:32)
---
For show notes, commentary, full transcripts, and to learn more about how to subscribe to the Argument Ninja podcast:
http://argumentninja.com
Support the development of the Argument Ninja Academy on Patreon!
http://patreon.com/kevindelaplante
Join the discussion on Facebook:
http://facebook.com/CriticalThinkerAcademy
FollowKevin on Twitter:
https://twitter.com/KevindeLaplante

In episode 017 I give an update on new content at the ArgumentNinja website (http://argumentninja.com), and I finish reviewing the white belt curriculum for the Argument Ninja Academy program.
The third and fourth learning modules in the white belt curriculum are titled "SocraticKnowledge" and "Socratic Persuasion".
In this episode I have an extended case study of a challenging persuasion case over the following issue: Do Christians and Muslims worship the same God?
In This Episode:
- Preparing for an upcoming talk on cognitive biases and causal reasoning (2:47)
- The FeynmanTechnique (5:10)
- Why the Argument Ninja podcast is like a novel, and the Argument Ninja Academy is like the movie based on the novel (7:00)
- I wrote 14 new articles for the Argument Ninja website (10:10)
http://argumentninja.com/start-here/
- A working draft of the Argument Ninja Academy curriculum (10:45)
http://argumentninja.com/curriculum/
- All my recurring supporters on the Wall of Thanks (11:29)
http://argumentninja.com/support/
- My steering committee (12:10)
- Relationship of the Argument Ninja program to themes often discussed in other podcasts -- martial arts for the mind (Joe Rogan, Tim Ferriss, Bryan Callen and Hunter Maats, Sam Harris, Jocko Willink) (12:57)
- MixedMental Arts (15:30)
- Socratic methods (18:30)
- A typical Socratic dialogue (18:53)
- Socrates as the first moral epistemologist (22:00)
- Why Socratic knowledge is valuable (22:30)
- Socratic knowledge as knowledge of argument structure; Socratic questioning as a tool for building this structure (27:00)
- Socratic knowledge is compatible with saying "I don't know" (29:00)
- Socratic knowledge and training within the dojo (31:40)
- Socratic methods as a tool of persuasion (33:20)
- Simple mental models to help us think about persuasion strategy (35:10)
- Hard styles versus soft styles in martial arts and persuasion (36:00)
- Socratic questioning as a soft style (37:30)
- The core belief network model (38:52)
- Persuasion strategy based on the core belief network model (40:53)
- Socratic questioning as a tool for mapping the core belief network (42:30)
- The bank heist model (44:30)
- The IndianJones swap model (45:35)
- Case study: "Do Christians and Muslims worship the same God?" (47:00)
- Why the best tool for guiding a Socratic conversation is Socratic knowledge -- i.e. knowing what you're talking about (50:33)
- Arguments against the claim that Christians and Muslims worship the same God (51:25)
- Arguments for the claim that Christians and Muslisms worship the same God (52:50)
- Thinking about the "emotional resonance" of these arguments (57:45)
- An example of an "Indiana Jones swap" (59:27)
- Why I initially titled this module "StreetEpistemology", and why I changed it (1:01:40)
- Origins of the Street Epistemology movement (1:02:34)
- Why the Argument Ninja Academy is non-partisan with respect to ethical, political and religious beliefs (1:05:37)
- Thanks to new monthly supporters on Patreon! (1:07:32)
---
For show notes, commentary, full transcripts, and to learn more about how to subscribe to the Argument Ninja podcast:
http://argumentninja.com
Support the development of the Argument Ninja Academy on Patreon!
http://patreon.com/kevindelaplante
Join the discussion on Facebook:
http://facebook.com/CriticalThinkerAcademy
FollowKevin on Twitter:
https://twitter.com/KevindeLaplante

Conceptual modeling began informally. As human beings evolved and began to make sense of the world, many constructed mental models of themselves as agents in a ...

Conceptual modeling began informally. As human beings evolved and began to make sense of the world, many constructed mental models of themselves as agents in a hostile environment. These models enabled them to make predictions and test hypotheses about behaviors that might increase their survival rate.
Similarly, engineers today develop mental models of the systems they design, and scientists construct such models to understand, explain, and predict natural phenomena. Conceptual models are both visual-graphical and verbal-textual, but almost always implicit and informal. Object-Process Methodology (OPM), recently approved as ISO 19450, is both an explicit conceptual modeling language and a paradigm for approaching systems modeling. OPM is bimodal. It represents the same model both graphically, in a single kind of diagram, and textually, in a subset of English—thus communicating to both sides of the brain.
This webinar will introduce the principles of OPM and demonstrate the value of OPM-based conceptual modeling in a variety of engineering and science domains. During this session, ProfessorDov Dori will:
define and exemplify conceptual modeling and its benefits in various disciplines;
introduce OPM as a formal modeling language that is agile, lightweight, compact, and easy to learn;
show how OPM has benefited engineers and scientists in various disciplines; and
present a vision for the future role of conceptual modeling in improving endeavors across science and engineering.

Conceptual modeling began informally. As human beings evolved and began to make sense of the world, many constructed mental models of themselves as agents in a hostile environment. These models enabled them to make predictions and test hypotheses about behaviors that might increase their survival rate.
Similarly, engineers today develop mental models of the systems they design, and scientists construct such models to understand, explain, and predict natural phenomena. Conceptual models are both visual-graphical and verbal-textual, but almost always implicit and informal. Object-Process Methodology (OPM), recently approved as ISO 19450, is both an explicit conceptual modeling language and a paradigm for approaching systems modeling. OPM is bimodal. It represents the same model both graphically, in a single kind of diagram, and textually, in a subset of English—thus communicating to both sides of the brain.
This webinar will introduce the principles of OPM and demonstrate the value of OPM-based conceptual modeling in a variety of engineering and science domains. During this session, ProfessorDov Dori will:
define and exemplify conceptual modeling and its benefits in various disciplines;
introduce OPM as a formal modeling language that is agile, lightweight, compact, and easy to learn;
show how OPM has benefited engineers and scientists in various disciplines; and
present a vision for the future role of conceptual modeling in improving endeavors across science and engineering.

Just one of these 7 PremiumBusinessModels can affect the amount of money you make. You must have Clarity with yourself first before you can apply one of these models with clients and offer solutions and clarity to them. The King of HighTicketSales Dan Lok explains it here. Watch the whole series here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmvQbpWWimc&list=PLEmTTOfet46MqCUkqbbc3sCW8-2gEED5r
★☆★BONUS FOR A LIMITED TIME★☆★
You can download Dan Lok's best-selling book F.U.Money for FREE:
http://www.fumoneybook.com
★☆★ SUBSCRIBE TO DAN'S YOUTUBE CHANNEL NOW ★☆★
https://www.youtube.com/user/vanentrepreneurgroup?sub_confirmation=1
Check out these Top Trending Playlist:
1.) How to Sell High Ticket Products & Services: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46PlgDZSSo-gxM8ahZ9RtNQE
2.) The Art of High Ticket Sales - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46NufVkPfYhpUJAD1OBoQEEd
3.) MillionaireMindset - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46O591glMGzRMoHaIJB-bQiq
Dan Lok, a.k.a. The King of High-Ticket Sales is one of the highest-paid and most respected consultants in the luxury and “high-ticket” space.
Dan is the creator of High-Ticket MillionsMethodology™, the world's most advanced system for getting high-end clients and commanding high fees with no resistance.
Dan works exclusively with coaches, consultants, thought leaders and other service professionals who want a more sustainable, leveraged lifestyle and business through High-Ticket programs and Equity Income.
Dan is one of the rare keynote speakers and business consultants that actually owns a portfolio of highly profitable business ventures.
Not only he is a two times TEDx opening speaker, he's also an international best-selling author of over 12 books and the host of Shoulders of Titans show.
Dan's availability is extremely limited. As such, he's very selective and he is expensive (although it will be FAR less expensive than staying where you are).
Many of his clients are seeing a positive return on their investments in days, not months.
But if you think your business might benefit from one-on-one interaction with Dan, visit http://danlok.com
★☆★ WANT TO OWN DAN'S BOOKS? ★☆★
http://www.amazon.com/Dan-Lok/e/B002BLXW1K
★☆★ NEED SOLID ADVICE? ★☆★
Request a call with Dan:
https://clarity.fm/danlok
★☆★ CONNECT WITH DAN ON SOCIAL MEDIA ★☆★
Blog: http://www.danlok.com/blog/
Podcast: http://www.shouldersoftitans.com/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/danthemanlok
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/danlok/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/vanentrepreneurgroup
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/danlok
Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/Dan-Lok/e/B002BLXW1K
This video is about The 7 Premium Business Models You Need NOW - Successful Coaching And Consulting Secrets Ep.9
https://youtu.be/GxC1CheqmMQ
https://youtu.be/GxC1CheqmMQ

Just one of these 7 PremiumBusinessModels can affect the amount of money you make. You must have Clarity with yourself first before you can apply one of these models with clients and offer solutions and clarity to them. The King of HighTicketSales Dan Lok explains it here. Watch the whole series here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmvQbpWWimc&list=PLEmTTOfet46MqCUkqbbc3sCW8-2gEED5r
★☆★BONUS FOR A LIMITED TIME★☆★
You can download Dan Lok's best-selling book F.U.Money for FREE:
http://www.fumoneybook.com
★☆★ SUBSCRIBE TO DAN'S YOUTUBE CHANNEL NOW ★☆★
https://www.youtube.com/user/vanentrepreneurgroup?sub_confirmation=1
Check out these Top Trending Playlist:
1.) How to Sell High Ticket Products & Services: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46PlgDZSSo-gxM8ahZ9RtNQE
2.) The Art of High Ticket Sales - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46NufVkPfYhpUJAD1OBoQEEd
3.) MillionaireMindset - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEmTTOfet46O591glMGzRMoHaIJB-bQiq
Dan Lok, a.k.a. The King of High-Ticket Sales is one of the highest-paid and most respected consultants in the luxury and “high-ticket” space.
Dan is the creator of High-Ticket MillionsMethodology™, the world's most advanced system for getting high-end clients and commanding high fees with no resistance.
Dan works exclusively with coaches, consultants, thought leaders and other service professionals who want a more sustainable, leveraged lifestyle and business through High-Ticket programs and Equity Income.
Dan is one of the rare keynote speakers and business consultants that actually owns a portfolio of highly profitable business ventures.
Not only he is a two times TEDx opening speaker, he's also an international best-selling author of over 12 books and the host of Shoulders of Titans show.
Dan's availability is extremely limited. As such, he's very selective and he is expensive (although it will be FAR less expensive than staying where you are).
Many of his clients are seeing a positive return on their investments in days, not months.
But if you think your business might benefit from one-on-one interaction with Dan, visit http://danlok.com
★☆★ WANT TO OWN DAN'S BOOKS? ★☆★
http://www.amazon.com/Dan-Lok/e/B002BLXW1K
★☆★ NEED SOLID ADVICE? ★☆★
Request a call with Dan:
https://clarity.fm/danlok
★☆★ CONNECT WITH DAN ON SOCIAL MEDIA ★☆★
Blog: http://www.danlok.com/blog/
Podcast: http://www.shouldersoftitans.com/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/danthemanlok
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/danlok/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/vanentrepreneurgroup
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/danlok
Amazon: http://www.amazon.com/Dan-Lok/e/B002BLXW1K
This video is about The 7 Premium Business Models You Need NOW - Successful Coaching And Consulting Secrets Ep.9
https://youtu.be/GxC1CheqmMQ
https://youtu.be/GxC1CheqmMQ

Sophia Voychehovski, Object-Oriented UX: Designing for your Users' Real WorldMental Models
"Decades ago, the development community experienced a revolution, moving the industry from procedural code to object-oriented code. Now, a similar revolution is happening within UX design, but it has nothing to do with code. Across the globe, UXers are beginning to design in objects—objects that reflect users’ real world mental models, as well as behind-the-scenes CMSs and databases.This interactive mini-workshop will take you through the basics of Object-Oriented UX, as introduced in Sophia's popular article on A List Apart. She'll challenge your thinking with some short exercises, while giving you highly applicable tools to start implementing this bold new way of thinking. Warning: you will leave thinking differently about how you design. And you may not be able to un-think it. With OOUX, you’ll design elegant, modular systems that can travel across devices with consistency and efficiency. You’ll create more relevant, contextual navigation pathways. You’ll create systems of interchangeable parts, fewer moving pieces, and less unneeded complexity. Object-Oriented UX helps business teams, designers, and developers create a shared language, smoothing out the product development process. More so, designing “objects first” will result in more intuitive systems that naturally reflect your users’ pre-existing thought patterns. Your life will get easier and your user's will, too. Headshot is attached!"
See more at:
WWW: http://mceconf.com
FB: https://www.facebook.com/MCEConf

Sophia Voychehovski, Object-Oriented UX: Designing for your Users' Real WorldMental Models
"Decades ago, the development community experienced a revolution, moving the industry from procedural code to object-oriented code. Now, a similar revolution is happening within UX design, but it has nothing to do with code. Across the globe, UXers are beginning to design in objects—objects that reflect users’ real world mental models, as well as behind-the-scenes CMSs and databases.This interactive mini-workshop will take you through the basics of Object-Oriented UX, as introduced in Sophia's popular article on A List Apart. She'll challenge your thinking with some short exercises, while giving you highly applicable tools to start implementing this bold new way of thinking. Warning: you will leave thinking differently about how you design. And you may not be able to un-think it. With OOUX, you’ll design elegant, modular systems that can travel across devices with consistency and efficiency. You’ll create more relevant, contextual navigation pathways. You’ll create systems of interchangeable parts, fewer moving pieces, and less unneeded complexity. Object-Oriented UX helps business teams, designers, and developers create a shared language, smoothing out the product development process. More so, designing “objects first” will result in more intuitive systems that naturally reflect your users’ pre-existing thought patterns. Your life will get easier and your user's will, too. Headshot is attached!"
See more at:
WWW: http://mceconf.com
FB: https://www.facebook.com/MCEConf

Celebrity hypnotherapist, Marisa Peer, explains how you can reverse your age, and stay young in body and in mind. Learn more with her FreeMasterclass, Instant Transformational Hypnotherapy: http://pxlme.me/kghq8-b0
ABOUT MARISA PEER
Marisa Peer, who was once named the BestBritish Therapist by Men’s Health magazine, has spent 25 years working with an extensive client list including royalty, rock stars, Hollywood actors, Olympic athletes, CEOs of multi-billion dollar companies and political leaders. Her tools and techniques aim to bridge the gap between 99% of the population and the top 1% of super-achievers she works with. She’s discovered eight unique Mental Thought Models (which are the result of the eight transformations) that will do this for most people.
ABOUT A-FEST
A-Fest is an invite-only transformational event that gathers an extraordinary community of change-makers and visionaries who are driven by epic ideas to impact the world – entrepreneurs, employees, artists, leaders, innovators, visionaries and more. Take the first step to joining us in paradise by applying for your invite here: http://bit.ly/2q4GcAm
The festival takes place twice a year in paradise locations around the world. Here, you will receive powerful training, profound mind shifts, bio-hacking techniques, deep connections, incredible adventures and unique opportunities to multiply your impact and give back to humanity, so that you can play an even bigger game and significantly expand your ability to accomplish bold things.
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SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE NUGGETS OF WISDOM:
http://bit.ly/2fHXbzy
LET'S CONNECT!
FacebookGroup►https://www.facebook.com/groups/mindvalley.community/
Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/mindvalley/
Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/mindvalley/

Celebrity hypnotherapist, Marisa Peer, explains how you can reverse your age, and stay young in body and in mind. Learn more with her FreeMasterclass, Instant Transformational Hypnotherapy: http://pxlme.me/kghq8-b0
ABOUT MARISA PEER
Marisa Peer, who was once named the BestBritish Therapist by Men’s Health magazine, has spent 25 years working with an extensive client list including royalty, rock stars, Hollywood actors, Olympic athletes, CEOs of multi-billion dollar companies and political leaders. Her tools and techniques aim to bridge the gap between 99% of the population and the top 1% of super-achievers she works with. She’s discovered eight unique Mental Thought Models (which are the result of the eight transformations) that will do this for most people.
ABOUT A-FEST
A-Fest is an invite-only transformational event that gathers an extraordinary community of change-makers and visionaries who are driven by epic ideas to impact the world – entrepreneurs, employees, artists, leaders, innovators, visionaries and more. Take the first step to joining us in paradise by applying for your invite here: http://bit.ly/2q4GcAm
The festival takes place twice a year in paradise locations around the world. Here, you will receive powerful training, profound mind shifts, bio-hacking techniques, deep connections, incredible adventures and unique opportunities to multiply your impact and give back to humanity, so that you can play an even bigger game and significantly expand your ability to accomplish bold things.
***************
SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE NUGGETS OF WISDOM:
http://bit.ly/2fHXbzy
LET'S CONNECT!
FacebookGroup►https://www.facebook.com/groups/mindvalley.community/
Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/mindvalley/
Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/mindvalley/

The Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines: http://cbmm.mit.edu/
Brains, Minds, and Machines SeminarSeries
Reflexive Theory-of-Mind Reasoning in Games
Speaker: Prof. Jun Zhang, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Tuesday, December 02, 2014
Singleton Auditorium, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAbstract: Theory-of-mind (ToM) is the modeling of mental states (such as belief, desire, knowledge, perception) through recursive (“I think you think I think …”) type reasoning in order to plan one’s action or anticipate others’ action. Such reasoning forms the core of strategic analysis in the game-theoretic setting. Traditional analysis of rational behavior in games of complete information is centered on the axiom of “common knowledge,” according to which all players know something to be true, know that all players know it to be true, know that all players know all players know it to be true, etc. Such axiom requires recursive modeling of players to the full depth, and seems to contradict human empirical behavior revealed by behavioral game literature. Here, I propose that such deviation from normative analysis may be due to players’ building predictive mental models of their co-players based on experience and context without necessarily assuming a priori full rationality and common knowledge, rather than due to any lapse in “instrumental rationality” whereby players (and co-players) translate the predictions from their mental models to optimal choice. I investigate this mental model account of theory-of-mind reasoning by constructing a series of two-player, sequential-move matrix games all terminating in a maximal of three steps. By carefully designing payoff matrices, the depth of recursive reasoning (i.e., first-order ToM versus second-order ToM) can be contrasted based on participants’ choice behavior in those games. Empirical findings support the idea that depth of ToM recursion (related to perspective-taking) and instrumental rationality (rational application of belief-desire to action) constitute separate processes.

The Center for Brains, Minds, and Machines: http://cbmm.mit.edu/
Brains, Minds, and Machines SeminarSeries
Reflexive Theory-of-Mind Reasoning in Games
Speaker: Prof. Jun Zhang, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Tuesday, December 02, 2014
Singleton Auditorium, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAbstract: Theory-of-mind (ToM) is the modeling of mental states (such as belief, desire, knowledge, perception) through recursive (“I think you think I think …”) type reasoning in order to plan one’s action or anticipate others’ action. Such reasoning forms the core of strategic analysis in the game-theoretic setting. Traditional analysis of rational behavior in games of complete information is centered on the axiom of “common knowledge,” according to which all players know something to be true, know that all players know it to be true, know that all players know all players know it to be true, etc. Such axiom requires recursive modeling of players to the full depth, and seems to contradict human empirical behavior revealed by behavioral game literature. Here, I propose that such deviation from normative analysis may be due to players’ building predictive mental models of their co-players based on experience and context without necessarily assuming a priori full rationality and common knowledge, rather than due to any lapse in “instrumental rationality” whereby players (and co-players) translate the predictions from their mental models to optimal choice. I investigate this mental model account of theory-of-mind reasoning by constructing a series of two-player, sequential-move matrix games all terminating in a maximal of three steps. By carefully designing payoff matrices, the depth of recursive reasoning (i.e., first-order ToM versus second-order ToM) can be contrasted based on participants’ choice behavior in those games. Empirical findings support the idea that depth of ToM recursion (related to perspective-taking) and instrumental rationality (rational application of belief-desire to action) constitute separate processes.

How To Teach Your Mind That Everything Is Available To You | Marisa Peer

What beliefs are holding you back? According to celebrity hypnotherapist Marisa Peer, explains that we often hold onto old beliefs that formed during childhood ...

What beliefs are holding you back? According to celebrity hypnotherapist Marisa Peer, explains that we often hold onto old beliefs that formed during childhood — even though they no longer serve us. Instead, she describes a simple way to hack your beliefs, so you understand that everything is available to you. If you like this video, you'll love Marisa's free Mindvalley program '5 Days To UnstoppableConfidence' : http://pxlme.me/kghq8-b0
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ABOUT MARISA PEER
Marisa Peer, who was once named the BestBritish Therapist by Men’s Health magazine, has spent 25 years working with an extensive client list including royalty, rock stars, Hollywood actors, Olympic athletes, CEOs of multi-billion dollar companies and political leaders.
Her tools and techniques aim to bridge the gap between 99% of the population and the top 1% of super-achievers she works with. She’s discovered eight unique Mental Thought Models (which are the result of the eight transformations) that will do this for most people.
ABOUT A-FEST
A-Fest is Mindvalley’s premier invite-only event for entrepreneurs and game-changers interested in personal growth. Take the first step to joining us in paradise by applying for your invite here: http://bit.ly/2q4GcAm
SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE NUGGETS OF WISDOM:
http://bit.ly/2fHXbzy
LET'S CONNECT!
FacebookGroup ► https://www.facebook.com/groups/mindvalley.community
Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/mindvalleyacademy
Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/mindvalley
Twitter ► https://twitter.com/mindvalley
LinkedIn ► https://www.linkedin.com/company/mindvalley

What beliefs are holding you back? According to celebrity hypnotherapist Marisa Peer, explains that we often hold onto old beliefs that formed during childhood — even though they no longer serve us. Instead, she describes a simple way to hack your beliefs, so you understand that everything is available to you. If you like this video, you'll love Marisa's free Mindvalley program '5 Days To UnstoppableConfidence' : http://pxlme.me/kghq8-b0
##################################################
ABOUT MARISA PEER
Marisa Peer, who was once named the BestBritish Therapist by Men’s Health magazine, has spent 25 years working with an extensive client list including royalty, rock stars, Hollywood actors, Olympic athletes, CEOs of multi-billion dollar companies and political leaders.
Her tools and techniques aim to bridge the gap between 99% of the population and the top 1% of super-achievers she works with. She’s discovered eight unique Mental Thought Models (which are the result of the eight transformations) that will do this for most people.
ABOUT A-FEST
A-Fest is Mindvalley’s premier invite-only event for entrepreneurs and game-changers interested in personal growth. Take the first step to joining us in paradise by applying for your invite here: http://bit.ly/2q4GcAm
SUBSCRIBE FOR MORE NUGGETS OF WISDOM:
http://bit.ly/2fHXbzy
LET'S CONNECT!
FacebookGroup ► https://www.facebook.com/groups/mindvalley.community
Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/mindvalleyacademy
Instagram ► https://www.instagram.com/mindvalley
Twitter ► https://twitter.com/mindvalley
LinkedIn ► https://www.linkedin.com/company/mindvalley

Thinking with your Body and Other ThingsDavid Kirsh, Department of Cognitive Science, UCSD
ABSTRACT: Where does thought, creativity and understanding come from? For the past five years I have been studying the creative practice of a super expert choreographer. I have also been studying problem solving, design thinking and new approaches to situated cognition. A common element running through these studies is that in natural contexts people use resources of all sorts to think with. They use their bodies, their gestures, instruments, tools, representations and everyday objects. The simple thesis I advance is that people often think their ideas through by modeling them. The models they create are partial and personal. Sometimes these models are encoded in recognized forms: words, drawings, writing. But often people use their body to create a partial model of the thing they are trying to understand. For instance, when thinking through the structure of a movement, dancers will usually ‘mark’ the movement rather than dance it full out. Marking is a movement reduction system like gesturing. This external modeling is itself a form of thinking because it is directed, interactive and representational. It should be regarded as being as important to thought as the other modalities of expression, such as speaking, that are unambiguously expressions and enactions of thought.
To defend this view I describe how thought often relies on active perception enhanced by mental projection. Because interacting with things, including moving our bodies, can improve projection it forms part of an interactive strategy for thinking. This explains how we can harness the analog computation performed by moving objects to share the computational effort of thought, and so keep thought moving forward.
BIO: David Kirsh is Professor and past chair of the Department of Cognitive Science at UCSD. He was educated at Oxford University (D.Phil), did post doctoral research at MIT in the Artificial Intelligence Lab, and has held research or visiting professor positions at MIT and Stanford University. He has written extensively on situated, distributed and embodied cognition and especially on how the environment can be shaped to simplify and extend cognition, including how we intelligently use space, and how we use external representations as an interactive tool for thought. He runs the Interactive Cognition Lab at UCSD where the focus is on the way humans are closely coupled to the outside world, and how cognitive principles can be used to improve the shape, design and our felt experience of environments. Some recent projects focus on ways humans use their bodies as things to think with, specifically in dance making and choreographic cognition. He teaches courses on Design, SpecialProjects, Creativity and Studio based work. He is Associate Director of the Arthur C. ClarkeCenter for HumanImagination, he is Research Advisor for Wayne McGregor | Random Dance company, he is Adjunct Professor at the LabanConservatoire of Dance and Music, London, and he is on the board of directors for the Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture. Representative publications are: The Intelligent Use of Space, Adapting the WorldInstead of Oneself, Why We Use Our Hands When We think, Situated Cognition and Problem Solving, Explaining ArtifactEvolution, Thinking with External Representations, Embodied Cognition and the MagicalFuture of Interaction Design.

Thinking with your Body and Other ThingsDavid Kirsh, Department of Cognitive Science, UCSD
ABSTRACT: Where does thought, creativity and understanding come from? For the past five years I have been studying the creative practice of a super expert choreographer. I have also been studying problem solving, design thinking and new approaches to situated cognition. A common element running through these studies is that in natural contexts people use resources of all sorts to think with. They use their bodies, their gestures, instruments, tools, representations and everyday objects. The simple thesis I advance is that people often think their ideas through by modeling them. The models they create are partial and personal. Sometimes these models are encoded in recognized forms: words, drawings, writing. But often people use their body to create a partial model of the thing they are trying to understand. For instance, when thinking through the structure of a movement, dancers will usually ‘mark’ the movement rather than dance it full out. Marking is a movement reduction system like gesturing. This external modeling is itself a form of thinking because it is directed, interactive and representational. It should be regarded as being as important to thought as the other modalities of expression, such as speaking, that are unambiguously expressions and enactions of thought.
To defend this view I describe how thought often relies on active perception enhanced by mental projection. Because interacting with things, including moving our bodies, can improve projection it forms part of an interactive strategy for thinking. This explains how we can harness the analog computation performed by moving objects to share the computational effort of thought, and so keep thought moving forward.
BIO: David Kirsh is Professor and past chair of the Department of Cognitive Science at UCSD. He was educated at Oxford University (D.Phil), did post doctoral research at MIT in the Artificial Intelligence Lab, and has held research or visiting professor positions at MIT and Stanford University. He has written extensively on situated, distributed and embodied cognition and especially on how the environment can be shaped to simplify and extend cognition, including how we intelligently use space, and how we use external representations as an interactive tool for thought. He runs the Interactive Cognition Lab at UCSD where the focus is on the way humans are closely coupled to the outside world, and how cognitive principles can be used to improve the shape, design and our felt experience of environments. Some recent projects focus on ways humans use their bodies as things to think with, specifically in dance making and choreographic cognition. He teaches courses on Design, SpecialProjects, Creativity and Studio based work. He is Associate Director of the Arthur C. ClarkeCenter for HumanImagination, he is Research Advisor for Wayne McGregor | Random Dance company, he is Adjunct Professor at the LabanConservatoire of Dance and Music, London, and he is on the board of directors for the Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture. Representative publications are: The Intelligent Use of Space, Adapting the WorldInstead of Oneself, Why We Use Our Hands When We think, Situated Cognition and Problem Solving, Explaining ArtifactEvolution, Thinking with External Representations, Embodied Cognition and the MagicalFuture of Interaction Design.

How to Design Documentation with Users in Mind by David Dick 091715

We all have ideas about how something works; and we all have ideas about how something should work. These ideas are based on our previous experiences with the s...

We all have ideas about how something works; and we all have ideas about how something should work. These ideas are based on our previous experiences with the same or similar products. When products work the way users think they should work, they can successfully use them. When products do not work the way users think they should work, they get frustrated. Cognitive psychology refers to the way we develop an understanding of how something works as a “mental model.” Mental models are a key concept in the development of user guides, tutorials, demonstrations, and user assistance. This webinar teaches practical approaches to understanding user’s mental models, and the types of documentation we can use to help users develop an accurate understanding about the product, and how to use it successfully.
Intended audience: Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced, or All Audiences All levels and all audiences, especially practitioners of instructional design, training documentation, user assistance, and user experience
About the speaker: David DickI am an STC Fellow, Manager of the Usability and User ExperienceSIG, member of the Washington, D.C. – Baltimore Chapter, and co-author of “Web Services, Service-Oriented Architectures, and Cloud Computing: the Savvy Manager’s Guide." You can follow my musings about usability at http://notebook.stc.org/tag/david-dick/

We all have ideas about how something works; and we all have ideas about how something should work. These ideas are based on our previous experiences with the same or similar products. When products work the way users think they should work, they can successfully use them. When products do not work the way users think they should work, they get frustrated. Cognitive psychology refers to the way we develop an understanding of how something works as a “mental model.” Mental models are a key concept in the development of user guides, tutorials, demonstrations, and user assistance. This webinar teaches practical approaches to understanding user’s mental models, and the types of documentation we can use to help users develop an accurate understanding about the product, and how to use it successfully.
Intended audience: Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced, or All Audiences All levels and all audiences, especially practitioners of instructional design, training documentation, user assistance, and user experience
About the speaker: David DickI am an STC Fellow, Manager of the Usability and User ExperienceSIG, member of the Washington, D.C. – Baltimore Chapter, and co-author of “Web Services, Service-Oriented Architectures, and Cloud Computing: the Savvy Manager’s Guide." You can follow my musings about usability at http://notebook.stc.org/tag/david-dick/

DCI: Re-thinking the foundations of object orientation and of programming - Trygve Reenskaug

Recorded 2009-11-06 at Øredev - http://oredev.org/
http://vimeo.com/8235394
Sometime in the last 40 years, object-oriented programming got lost. Instead of pro...

Recorded 2009-11-06 at Øredev - http://oredev.org/
http://vimeo.com/8235394
Sometime in the last 40 years, object-oriented programming got lost. Instead of producing code that can be understood by reading, it produces code that can be explored only by tests. In this talk, the inventor of the DCI (Data, Collaborations, and Interactions) architecture will describe its motivations and origins: how it can produce source code that maps directly from end user mental models, making it easier to understand and evolve.
More information is here http://www.toalexsmail.com/2012/09/dci.html

Recorded 2009-11-06 at Øredev - http://oredev.org/
http://vimeo.com/8235394
Sometime in the last 40 years, object-oriented programming got lost. Instead of producing code that can be understood by reading, it produces code that can be explored only by tests. In this talk, the inventor of the DCI (Data, Collaborations, and Interactions) architecture will describe its motivations and origins: how it can produce source code that maps directly from end user mental models, making it easier to understand and evolve.
More information is here http://www.toalexsmail.com/2012/09/dci.html

"Thinking in New Boxes: A New Paradigm for BusinessCreativity"
In "Thinking in Boxes: A New Paradigm for Business Creativity," the Boston Consulting Group's Luc de Brabandere and Alan Iny argue that we cannot help using mental models—or "boxes"—to organize our thinking; they are hardwired into the human brain. That is why the frequently stated maxim to "think outside the box" is not nearly as effective for brainstorming, solving problems creatively, and seeing potential opportunities.
De Brabandere and Iny have created a systematic way to help organizations assess their current business assumptions, isolate ways of thinking and functioning that are falling out of date, and replace them with ideas and perspectives that can lead to growth. Their approach is based on five steps that will help readers work around cognitive biases, dismantle preconceptions, and lead themselves and their organizations toward a wide range of what the authors call "extraordinary futures."

"Thinking in New Boxes: A New Paradigm for BusinessCreativity"
In "Thinking in Boxes: A New Paradigm for Business Creativity," the Boston Consulting Group's Luc de Brabandere and Alan Iny argue that we cannot help using mental models—or "boxes"—to organize our thinking; they are hardwired into the human brain. That is why the frequently stated maxim to "think outside the box" is not nearly as effective for brainstorming, solving problems creatively, and seeing potential opportunities.
De Brabandere and Iny have created a systematic way to help organizations assess their current business assumptions, isolate ways of thinking and functioning that are falling out of date, and replace them with ideas and perspectives that can lead to growth. Their approach is based on five steps that will help readers work around cognitive biases, dismantle preconceptions, and lead themselves and their organizations toward a wide range of what the authors call "extraordinary futures."

Build Mental Models to Enhance Your Focus | Charles Duhigg

According to Pulitzer winner Charles Duhigg, the art of focus is training your mind to know what it can safely ignore. Duhigg's latest book is "Smarter FasterBetter: The Secrets of Being Productive in Life and Business" (http://goo.gl/gNhDR6).
Read more at BigThink.com: http://bigthink.com/videos/charles-duhigg-on-training-your-mind-to-stay-focused
FollowBigThink here:
YouTube: http://goo.gl/CPTsV5
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BigThinkdotcom
Twitter: https://twitter.com/bigthink
Transcript - Nowadays it’s incredibly hard to stay focused. There’s so many distractions around us at any given moment. Your pocket vibrates at any given moment because you’re getting ten new emails and on social media there’s all these new notifications and the phone is ringing and your kids need help and your colleagues are coming up because you are working in an open office plan and they’re asking you to chime in on some memo. Maintaining focus nowadays is harder than ever before. But it’s way more critical too. One of the things that we know about the most productive people and the most productive companies is that they create ways to enhance their focus. They manage their mind in such a way that they’re able to focus on what’s important and ignore distractions much better. And the way that they do this is by what’s known as building mental models.
Essentially telling themselves stories about what they expect to see, engaging in this kind of inner dialogue about what they think should be happening that allows their brain almost subconsciously to figure out what to pay attention to and what to ignore. One of my favorite examples of this is a big study that was done of nurses in NICUs. Some researchers from a group named ClientAssociates went into some hospitals because they wanted to figure out why some nurses were so good at paying attention to the right things whereas others got distracted by all the noise and bustle around them. And what they found is that the best nurses in NICUs which is the neonatal intensive care unit who were handling these babies, the nurses who were almost had a sixth sense or an ESP about figuring out which babies were sick and were getting sicker were the ones who were constantly telling themselves stories about what they expected to see as they were walking around the hospital. So one of my favorite interviews from this study was with a nurse named Darlene. And Darlene said that what she would do is that she always was keeping a picture in her brain of what she thought the perfect baby should look like. And so she would walk through the unit and she would notice when babies didn’t kind of match that picture in her brain, right. And they would match – they would mismatch that picture in kind of odd ways. Read full transcript here: https://goo.gl/dRTTZW.

What is MENTAL MODEL? What does MENTAL MODEL mean? MENTAL MODEL meaning - MENTAL MODEL definition - MENTAL MODEL explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
A mental model is an explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world. It is a representation of the surrounding world, the relationships between its various parts and a person's intuitive perception about his or her own acts and their consequences. Mental models can help shape behaviour and set an approach to solving problems (akin to a personal algorithm) and doing tasks.
A mental model is a kind of internal symbol or representation of external reality, hypothesized to play a major role in cognition, reasoning and decision-making. Kenneth Craik suggested in 1943 that the mind constructs "small-scale models" of reality that it uses to anticipate events.
Jay Wright Forrester defined general mental models as:
The image of the world around us, which we carry in our head, is just a model. Nobody in his head imagines all the world, government or country. He has only selected concepts, and relationships between them, and uses those to represent the real system.
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. At other times it is used to refer to mental models and reasoning and to the mental model theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and RuthM.J. Byrne.
The term mental model is believed to have originated with Kenneth Craik in his 1943 book The Nature of Explanation. Georges-Henri Luquet in Le dessin enfantin (Children's drawings), published in 1927 by Alcan, Paris, argued that children construct internal models, a view that influenced, among others, child psychologist Jean Piaget.
Philip Johnson-Laird published Mental Models: Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference and Consciousness in 1983. In the same year, Dedre Gentner and Albert Stevens edited a collection of chapters in a book also titled Mental Models. The first line of their book explains the idea further: "One function of this chapter is to belabor the obvious; people's views of the world, of themselves, of their own capabilities, and of the tasks that they are asked to perform, or topics they are asked to learn, depend heavily on the conceptualizations that they bring to the task." (see the book: Mental Models).
Since then, there has been much discussion and use of the idea in human-computer interaction and usability by researchers including Donald Norman and Steve Krug (in his book Don't Make Me Think). Walter Kintsch and Teun A. van Dijk, using the term situation model (in their book Strategies of Discourse Comprehension, 1983), showed the relevance of mental models for the production and comprehension of discourse.
One view of human reasoning is that it depends on mental models. In this view, mental models can be constructed from perception, imagination, or the comprehension of discourse (Johnson-Laird, 1983). Such mental models are akin to architects' models or to physicists' diagrams in that their structure is analogous to the structure of the situation that they represent, unlike, say, the structure of logical forms used in formal rule theories of reasoning. In this respect, they are a little like pictures in the picture theory of language described by philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein in 1922. Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M.J. Byrne developed a theory of mental models which makes the assumption that reasoning depends, not on logical form, but on mental models (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 1991).
Mental models are based on a small set of fundamental assumptions (axioms), which distinguish them from other proposed representations in the psychology of reasoning (Byrne and Johnson-Laird, 2009). Each mental model represents a possibility. A mental model represents one possibility, capturing what is common to all the different ways in which the possibility may occur (Johnson-Laird and Byrne, 2002). Mental models are iconic, i.e., each part of a model corresponds to each part of what it represents (Johnson-Laird, 2006). Mental models are based on a principle of truth: they typically represent only those situations that are possible, and each model of a possibility represents only what is true in that possibility according to the proposition. However, mental models can represent what is false, temporarily assumed to be true, for example, in the case of counterfactual conditionals and counterfactual thinking (Byrne, 2005).

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New Ways

Mental Models: How to Train Your Brain to Think in New WaysClick hare #SMKTV
1-------- Mental Models?
2-------What is a MentalModel?
3---------The Secret to GreatThinking?
1-------- Mental Models?
You can train your brain to think better. One of the best ways to do this is to expand the set of mental models you use to think. Let me explain what I mean by sharing a story about a world-class thinker.
I first discovered what a mental model was and how useful the right one could be while I was reading a story about Richard Feynman, the famous physicist. Feynman received his undergraduate degree from MIT and his Ph.D. from Princeton. During that time, he developed a reputation for waltzing into the math department and solving problems that the brilliant Ph.D. students couldn’t solve.
2-------What is a Mental Model?
A mental model is an explanation of how something works. It is a concept, framework, or worldview that you carry around in your mind to help you interpret the world and understand the relationship between things. Mental models are deeply held beliefs about how the world works.
For example, supply and demand is a mental model that helps you understand how the economy works. Game theory is a mental model that helps you understand how relationships and trust work. Entropy is a mental model that helps you understand how disorder and decay work.
Mental models guide your perception and behavior. They are the thinking tools that you use to understand life, make decisions, and solve problems. Learning a new mental model gives you a new way to see the world—like Richard Feynman learning a new math technique.
3---------The Secret to Great Thinking?
Expanding your set of mental models is something experts need to work on just as much as novices. We all have our favorite mental models, the ones we naturally default to as an explanation for how or why something happened. As you grow older and develop expertise in a certain area, you tend to favor the mental models that are most familiar to you.
Here's the problem: when a certain worldview dominates your thinking, you’ll try to explain every problem you face through that worldview. This pitfall is particularly easy to slip into when you're smart or talented in a given area.
The more you master a single mental model, the more likely it becomes that this mental model will be your downfall because you’ll
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4:50

Figuring Out What Makes People Think What They Think: Mental Modeling

Jerry Thompson from Marc USA talks about an entirely new level in attitude research called...

Figuring Out What Makes People Think What They Think: Mental Modeling

Jerry Thompson from MarcUSA talks about an entirely new level in attitude research called "Mental Modeling" that his firm, Marc USA, is using to not only learn what stakeholders are thinking, but what makes people think what they think.
Marc USA - http://marcusa.com/
On Site and Thanks To - Station Square in Pittsburgh - http://www.stationsquare.com/

1:01:03

019 - Understanding Your Divided Mind: Kahneman, Haidt and Greene

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is e...

019 - Understanding Your Divided Mind: Kahneman, Haidt and Greene

Argument Ninjas need a basic understanding of the psychology of human reasoning. This is essential for improving the quality of our own reasoning, and for mastering skills in communication and persuasion.
http://argumentninja.com/podcast/019-understanding-your-divided-mind-kahneman-haidt-and-greene/
On this episode I offer a gentle introduction to three different approaches to understanding our divided mind. I compare and contrast the dual-process theories of Daniel Kahneman (Thinking, Fast and Slow), Jonathan Haidt (The Righteous Mind) and Joshua Greene (MoralTribes).
The simple mental models these authors use should be part of every critical thinker’s toolbox.
My other goal with this episode is to give enough background to help listeners think more critically about dual-process theories themselves, to better understand the state of the science and the diversity of views that fall under this label.
Breakdown:
- Why it’s important to cultivate multiple mental models (2:40)
- Kahneman and Tversky: biases and heuristics (4:20)
- Example: the availability heuristic (5:30)
- Cognitive biases originating from mismatches between the problem a heuristic was designed to solve, and the problem actually faced (8:20)
- Dual-process theories in psychology that pre-date System 1 and System 2 (9:35)
- The System 1 – System 2 distinction (12:00)
- Kahneman’s teaching model: System 1 and System 2 as personified agents (18:30)
- Example: “Answering an EasierQuestion” (19:30)
- How beliefs and judgments are formed: System 1 to System 2 (22:20)
- System 2 can override System 1 (23:35)
- Assessing Kahneman’s model (25:40)
- Introduction to Jonathan Haidt (28:40)
- The Elephant and the Rider model (30:50)
- Principles for changing human behavior, based on the Elephant and the Rider model (33:00)
- Introduction to Haidt’s moral psychology (34:00)
- Haidt’s dual-process view of moral judgment (34:30)
- Moral reasoning as an adaptation for social influence (35:20)
- Moral intuitions as evolutionary adaptations (36:30)
- Introduction to the moral emotions (six core responses) (37:50)
- Liberal versus conservative moral psychology (39:20)
- The moral matrix: it “binds us and blinds us” (40:30)
- What an enlightened moral stance would look like (41:55)
- Assessing Haidt’s model (42:40)
- Introduction to Joshua Greene (46:20)
- Greene’s digital camera model: presets vs manual mode (47:20)
- When preset mode (moral intuition) is unreliable (50:52)
- When should we rely on System 2, “manual mode” (52:40)
- Greene’s consequentialist view of moral reasoning (53:10)
- How Greene’s dual-process view of moral judgment differs from Haidt’s (53:30)
- Summary: the value of multiple mental models for critical thinking (55:55)
---
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1:06:20

How To Stop Living Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish

How To Stop Living Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Pa...

How To Stop Living Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish

How To StopLiving Your Life On Autopilot & Build a Toolbox of Mental Models with Shane Parrish
SHOWNOTES: http://www.scienceofsuccess.co/show-notes/2016/6/7/how-to-stop-living-your-life-on-autopilot-take-control-and-build-a-toolbox-of-mental-models-to-understand-reality-with-farnam-streets-shane-parrish
Do you feel like your life is on auto-pilot? Do you want to take control and build a better and deeper understanding of reality? In this episode we discuss mental models, cognitive biases, go deep on decision-making and how to improve and build a smarter decision-making framework and we look at a number of key mental models that you can add to your mental toolbox.
If you want to dramatically improve your decision making with a few short steps - listen to this episode!
Shane Parrish is the founder and author of the Farnam Street blog, which has been featured in Forbes, The Wall Street Journal, The Financial Times, and much more, its one of my personal favorite blogs and an incredible resource dedicated to making you smarter every day by mastering the best of what other’s have already figured out.
We discuss the following topics:
-Why you should focus on mastering things that change slowly or don’t change at all
-Why reading “pop” books and news doesn’t make you smarter
-How to pattern interrupt yourself when you get focused on the wrong things
-What “mental models” are and how you can use them to your advantage
-Why you should focus on your “circle of competence"
-How to reduce your blindspots and make better decisions
-Simple steps you can take right now to improve your decision-making
-How to think about the world like Charlie Munger
-How you can avoid becoming “a man with a hammer"
-Why you should focus on avoiding stupidity instead of trying to be smart
-Why its so important that you should keep a decision journal (how to do it)
-And much more!
Learn more and visit Shane at https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/
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1:49

Mental Models and Perception

Originally created by France Janica M. Nabung, BS Psychology using the Online App Powtoon....

Cognician Munger latticework of mental models

Barry Kayton describes how we use mental models to guide our thinking, and how great thinkers are able to switch between one mental model and another. Cognician, a dynamic new thought processor to debut late 2010, is a system for capturing and sharing mental models in order to provoke thought. You can use Cognician to help you think by letting it guide you systematically according to a mental model that you choose from its catalogue. It helps you think better, further, faster. It's thought provoking software.

10:09

Mental Models

Individual decisions are dictated by one's mindset. A company's decisions too are dictated...

Mental Models

Individual decisions are dictated by one's mindset. A company's decisions too are dictated by an organisational mindset formed over years of being in the business. Oftentimes, this mindset comes in the way of organisational success. Watch to find out, How?

9:11

Six weeks of mental models: we take a look at the thinking strategies of six fintech innovators

See the full blog post here: https://thinking.school/blog/fintech-innovation-leaders-six-w...

Essential Mental Models for a Psychiatrist - The Art of Complex Problem Solving

Dr. Sanil Rege is a Consultant Psychiatrist and Founder ofPsychScene and VitaHealthcare. Good clinical practice is about translating academic knowledge into real-world problem solving. The essential skills required for this are strategy development and implementation. These skills despite being crucial are not imparted in textbooks. This video covers: How to minimise errors, Strategic problem solving, Thinking in terms of probabilities, developing a formulation matrix and using the six domain management plan. Clinical practice will never be the same after you master these mental models.

3:19

Laurence Gonzales on Mental Model Mistakes

Relying on a system of mental models can confuse associations with reality says Laurence G...

Laurence Gonzales on Mental Model Mistakes

Relying on a system of mental models can confuse associations with reality says Laurence Gonzales.
.
Laurence Gonzalez:
give you an example of a really bad mistake that I made using mental models. When I was a little kid, my grandmother had an ashtray that looks like a rattlesnake. It was a beautiful thing, made out of stone, and it was very realistic. And I had this model in my head of a rattlesnake that was, you know, benign, it was a harmless thing and it had these nice emotional associations with my childhood and my grandmother. And frankly, I never thought about it again. I don't know where it went. But one day as an adult, I was hiking in the Santa Monica Mountains and I came across the ruin of a stone house and I thought, "Oh cool. I'll look for a souvenir here. I'll find some old tool or something to bring home with me from this ruined house in the stone rubble." And I started searching around and then all of a sudden, lo and behold, there was my grandmother's ashtray. I'm like, "What a miracle! My grandmother's ashtray, how did that happen?" And I reached out to pick it up and then I saw its tongue come out. And, of course, I realized the very stupid mistake that I made because I had all these intellectual knowledge that could have prevented me from doing that. But they didn't because I was operating on a mental model, the closeness association I had and it was stored away. I haven't thought about it for decades, and it was my grandmother's ashtray. So I knew, intellectually, for example, that the chances of finding my grandmother's ashtray anywhere in the known universe were approximately zero. I knew also that I was in the mountain wilderness where rattlesnakes are really common in California. I knew that they like to poke around in stone ruins 'cause mice live there. I knew all these stuff and it did me no good. So this is what I mean when I say smart people do stupid things. This is the type of mistake that certain scientists call an intelligent mistake because all my learning, my most important learning caused the mistake
Laurence Gonzalez:
give you an example of a really bad mistake that I made using mental models. When I was a little kid, my grandmother had an ashtray that looks like a rattlesnake. It was a beautiful thing, made out of stone, and it was very realistic. And I had this model in my head of a rattlesnake that was, you know, benign, it was a harmless thing and it had these nice emotional associations with my childhood and my grandmother. And frankly, I never thought about it again. I don't know where it went. But one day as an adult, I was hiking in the Santa Monica Mountains and I came across the ruin of a stone house and I thought, "Oh cool. I'll look for a souvenir here. I'll find some old tool or something to bring home with me from this ruined house in the stone rubble." And I started searching around and then all of a sudden, lo and behold, there was my grandmother's ashtray. I'm like, "What a miracle! My grandmother's ashtray, how did that happen?" And I reached out to pick it up and then I saw its tongue come out. And, of course, I realized the very stupid mistake that I made because I had all these intellectual knowledge that could have prevented me from doing that. But they didn't because I was operating on a mental model, the closeness association I had and it was stored away. I haven't thought about it for decades, and it was my grandmother's ashtray. So I knew, intellectually, for example, that the chances of finding my grandmother's ashtray anywhere in the known universe were approximately zero. I knew also that I was in the mountain wilderness where rattlesnakes are really common in California. I knew that they like to poke around in stone ruins 'cause mice live there. I knew all these stuff and it did me no good. So this is what I mean when I say smart people do stupid things. This is the type of mistake that certain scientists call an intelligent mistake because all my learning, my most important learning caused the mistake

How Mental Models Improve Decision Making - Bijoy Goswami

In Chapter 4 of 15, leadership philosopher and bootstrap business expert Bijoy Goswami explains why he uses mental models to help himself and others refine their life approach. He shares how prejudice is an unconsidered mental model that is not fully processed. He encourages others to consider models they often outsource to others - political beliefs to political party, spiritual views to church, etc.

Career

Graduating in 1948 with an LL.B. magna cum laude, he moved with his family to California, where he joined the law ﬁrm Wright & Garrett (later Musick, Peeler & Garrett). In 1962 he founded and worked as a real estate attorney at Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP. He then gave up the practice of law to concentrate on managing investments and later partnered with Otis Booth in real estate development. He then partnered with Jack Wheeler to form Wheeler, Munger, and Company, an investment firm with a seat on the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange. He wound up Wheeler, Munger, and Co. in 1976, after losses of 31% in 1973 and 1974.

It’s been a mixed bag of outcomes for mental and behavioral health providers throughout New Jersey since the state began transitioning them to a fee-for-service payment model last year. Mental health providers and advocates say many organizations and agencies that have already switched to the new reimbursement model have been fairing well for the ......

Basaglia’s work in the asylum in Trieste became a model for radical psychiatrists internationally who had been laboring in their own countries to end the forced institutionalization of patients and attempting to forge a new model of mental health care ... contained space of “mental illness” was demystified and opened to an inclusive model of society....

Until recently, I had never felt completely comfortable sharing my mental health struggles with partners ... I think it could’ve been helpful to me and my partners if they’d known ... I work in mental health ... Do you find mental illness scary? ... Do you not think people with mental illness can have healthy dating lives? ... Strong? Do you think people with mental illness are weak? ... Do you think people with mental illness shouldn’t try to date?....

In order to invest wisely, it is necessary to have a correct mentalmodel of the companies that you are betting on - or against. Unfortunately, the human brain evolved in the world of stone tools and hunting-gathering, so we have natural inductive biases that drive us toward incorrect mentalmodels of the modern world....

Charlie Munger Reveals Secrets to Getting Rich

http://www.charliemunger.net -- Charlie Munger, the long-time business partner of famed investor Warren Buffett, talks with the BBC. If you know anything about Charlie Munger, he's famous for his quick wit, plain spokeness and absolute genius. He has helped shareholders of Berkshire Hathaway amass untold forunes.

1:59:59

A Conversation with Charlie Munger

The vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway shares his insight and wisdom at a Ross School of ...

Billionaire Charlie Munger: Advice for Business and Life (2017)

A Q&A session with billionaire investor and vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Charlie Munger. In this interview, Charlie discusses a wide range of topics from life advice to the energy sector. Charlie touches on topic such as index funds, Donald Trump and much more.📚 Books about Charlie Munger and his favourite books are located at the bottom of the description❗
Like if you enjoyed
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VideoSegments:
0:00 Are my ideas on what to do with my life the right ones to focus on?
2:50 Importance of American Express?
4:12 Is natural gas a good business?
6:16 How can you thrive as a polymath?
7:44 Spotting concerns?
9:33 Why is Warren Buffet a better investor after he turned 65?
15:27 Is Donald Trump qualified?
16:41 What is the most meaningful thing you have done with your life?
23:37 In another crisis, would there be a difference between the price of index funds and their underlying assets?
28:58 Favorite books and what tell do tell your grandchildren how to look for business opportunities?
33:10 Fulfilling duties?
34:44 The hardest idea you have ever destroyed?
38:24 Are capital allocators going to have to get more specialized?
41:25 Examples of investing small sums?
45:00 What is your favorite industry and why?
45:55 Any current monkey business in corporate America that concerns you?
48:40 If you had a billion dollars, would you be comfortable investing it in just 3 companies?
54:20 Irish banking preceding with the UK leaving the EU?
57:13 Thoughts on the prime minster of India?
1:02:00 What happened when you lost 50% in one year?
1:03:21 How do evaluate and manage people?
1:06:22 What would be the first thing a chinese person should do when investing in the US?
1:07:48 What are the big ideas?
1:11:07 The best way to invest with money managers?
1:13:34 Could the new administration unleash the animal spirit of the US?
1:16:12 When I get closer to your age, what will not change about business?
1:19:20 Is your fee structure fair?
1:20:48 Thoughts on agricultural industry?
1:25:42 How do you deal with the struggles of life?
1:28:25 Thoughts on border adjustment tax?
1:29:55 Where should deferred gratification be applied?
1:31:06 How do you know the limits of the circle of competence?
Charlie Munger Books 🇺🇸📈 (affiliate link)
Seeking Wisdom: From Darwin to Munger: http://bit.ly/SeekingWisdomCM
Poor Charlie’s almanac: http://bit.ly/PoorCharliesAlmanack
DamnRight: Behind the Scenes with Berkshire Hathaway Billionaire Charlie Munger: http://bit.ly/DamnRightCM
Charlie Mungers Favourite Books🔥
The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: http://bit.ly/BenjaminFranklinCM
Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion: http://bit.ly/InfluenceTPOP
Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.: http://bit.ly/TitanRockefeller
InterviewDate: 16Th February, 2017Event: 2017 Daily JournalAnnual Meeting
OriginalImageSource:http://bit.ly/CMungerPic1
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8:03

Warren Buffet , Charles Munger and Bill Gates interview

How I Make $20,000 Without Investment:
1. Sign up for FREE: http://2by.us/money
2. Turn on...

Charlie Munger's Brutal Opinion On Investment Banks!

Charlie Munger as eloquent as ever gives his thoughts on Investment Banks.
A Q&A session with billionaire investor and vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Charlie Munger. In this interview, Charlie discusses a wide range of topics .
At the Berkshire Hathaway Annual Shareholder's Meeting (2016), Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger speak about: -Due Diligence -Why the overall economic .
I could improve your ultimate financial welfare by giving you a ticket with only twenty slots in it so that you had twenty punches representing all the investments .