Wurst v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Co.

The opinion of the court was delivered by: Irenas, Senior District Judge

OPINION

This is a diversity suit brought by Plaintiff Dennis Wurst ("Wurst") against his homeowners insurance company, State Farm Fire and Casualty Insurance Company ("State Farm"). Wurst asserts a breach of contract claim against State Farm for denying him coverage under his insurance policy.*fn1 State Farm moves for summary judgment.*fn2

I.

On February 23, 2003, during a heavy rain,*fn3 the basement wall of Wurst's home collapsed, allowing massive amounts of water and mud to rush in. Thereafter, Wurst made a claim for the loss under his State Farm homeowners policy (the "policy"). State Farm conducted an investigation and denied Wurst's claim, explaining that it had determined the collapse was caused by "soil conditions and hydrostatic pressure, which are losses excluded under the policy." (Cronin Cert. Ex. 3)

The parties agree that the relevant provisions of the policy are:

SECTION I. ADDITIONAL COVERAGES . . .

Collapse. We insure only for direct physical loss to covered property involving the sudden, entire collapse of a building or any part of a building. Collapse means actually fallen down or fallen into pieces.

The collapse must be directly and immediately caused only by one or more of the following:

b. hidden decay of a supporting or weight-bearing structural member of the building;

Loss to . . . foundation is not included under item[] b. . . . unless the loss is the direct and immediate cause of the collapse of the building. . . .

SECTION I - LOSSES NOT INSURED

1. We do not insure for any loss to the property described in Coverage A which consists of, or is directly and immediately caused by, one or more of the perils listed in items a. through n. below, regardless of whether the loss occurs suddenly or gradually, involves isolated or widespread damage, arises from natural or external forces, or occurs as a result of any combination of these:

2. We do not insure under any coverage for any loss which would not have occurred in the absence of one or more of the following excluded events. We do not insure for such loss regardless of: (a) the cause of the excluded event; or (b) other causes of the loss; or (c) whether other causes acted concurrently or in any sequence with the excluded event to produce the loss; or (d) whether the event occurs suddenly or gradually, involves isolated or widespread damage, arises from natural or external forces, or occurs as a result of any combination of these:

c. Water Damage, meaning

(3) water below the surface of the ground, including water which exerts pressure on, or seeps or leaks through a . . . foundation. (Compl. Ex. A)(bold typeface in original)

Wurst asserts that he is entitled to coverage under the "hidden decay" provision of his policy. His expert witness, John Hare,*fn4 opines that several factors caused the basement wall to collapse:

* "the foundation wall collapsed due to the expansion of ice [in the ground] causing excessive pressure on the wall at the same time of the snow impact, resulting in its collapse." (Fisher Cert. Ex. 9 (Hare Report of 7/20/04));

* "the cause of the wall collapse was the surcharge load of the 5 to 6 foot snowdrift along with the additional surcharge load, plus impact land [sic], of the wet snow from the roof. This combined with the frozen soil that as it thawed, would exert expansion forces on the foundation wall. All these forces combined to create a pressure on the wall beyond which the wall was designed to retain." (Fisher Cert. Ex. 10 (Hare Report of 5/18/05));*fn5

* "the foundation failure was caused by decay of the mortar bond due to deterioration of the cinder aggregated masonry causing tension bond failure. Once this occurs, the cracks will continue to widen and could lead to an eventual collapse. This was the direct cause of the catastrophic collapse when the condition wall was overstressed during the significant severe weather events that occurred on February 22, 2003, just prior to and during the time of collapse." (Fisher Cert. Ex. 11 (Hare Report of 6/20/05))

Mr. Hare testified that all of these factors contributed to the basement wall collapsing. (Hare Dep. 196:9-25) Specifically, he testified that the "decay of the mortar bond due to deterioration of the cinder aggregate masonry" was "a contributing factor . . . that wasn't the only cause. . . . other problems also evolved, but [the decay] was a contributing cause." (Id.)

II.

"[S]ummary judgment is proper 'if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.'" Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322 (1986) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)). In deciding a motion for summary judgment, the Court must construe the facts and inferences in a light most favorable to the non-moving party. Pollock v. Am. Tel. & Tel. Long Lines, 794 F.2d 860, 864 (3d Cir. 1986). The role of the Court is not "to weigh the evidence and determine the truth of the matter, but to determine whether there is a genuine issue for trial." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 249 (1986).

"'With respect to an issue on which the non-moving party bears the burden of proof, the burden on the moving party may be discharged by 'showing'-- that is, pointing out to the district court -- that there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party's case.'" Conoshenti v. Public Serv. Elec. & Gas, 364 F.3d 135, 145-46 (3d Cir. 2004) (quoting Celotex). "The plain language of Rule 56(c) mandates the entry of summary judgment . . . against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial. In such a situation, there can be 'no genuine issue as to any material fact,' since a complete failure of proof concerning an essential element of the nonmoving party's case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial." Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322; Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e) (A party opposing summary judgment cannot rest upon the "mere allegations or denials of the adverse party's pleading" but must respond with affidavits or depositions setting forth "specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.").

III.

State Farm asserts that Wurst's claim is not covered by the "hidden decay" clause of the policy and in any event, his claim is expressly excluded by the policy. We will address each argument separately, as Wurst bears the burden of persuasion at trial with respect to the first issue but not the second.*fn6

A.

To prevail on his claim, Wurst has the burden of establishing that the collapse of his basement wall is covered under his homeowners' policy. Therefore, according to the terms of his policy, he must establish that the collapse was "directly and immediately caused only by . . . hidden decay" of the basement wall. (Compl. Ex. A; emphasis added) State Farm asserts that Wurst has not put forth any evidence that the decay was the only cause of the collapse, or the decay was hidden. Indeed, State Farm asserts that Wurst's own evidence establishes that several factors caused the collapse and the decay of the basement wall was visible. We agree with State Farm that Wurst has failed to carry his summary judgment burden on both points.

First, the undisputed evidence, put forth by Wurst himself, demonstrates that the "decay of the mortar bond due to deterioration of the cinder aggregate masonry" was "a contributing factor . . . that wasn't the only cause" of the collapse. (Hare Dep. 196:9-25)(emphasis added) The policy provides for coverage when a collapse is caused only by hidden decay. Here, the record demonstrates that decay was not the only cause of the collapse, therefore Wurst's loss is not covered by the policy.

Second, even if there were an actual dispute about whether decay was the only cause of the collapse, summary judgment would still be warranted because Wurst has put forth no evidence that the decay was "hidden."*fn7 Wurst attempts to create a factual dispute by pointing to carefully selected excerpts of Mr. Hare's testimony that the decay was not visible in photographs. However, the testimony, even when read in the light most favorable to Wurst, does not suffice to support a prima facie claim that the decay in Wurst's basement was hidden:

Q: Lets talk about the Wurst basement. Did you notice cracking in the walls?

A: Yes.

Q: What types of cracks?

A: Well, there are horizontal cracks except at the corners where they become step cracks.

Q: And you said there's visible evidence of [decay] in the form of salt deposits?

A: Well, there are salt deposits that are caused by moisture coming through the block. . . . It dissolves salts that are in the block . . . . the water evaporates and leaves these dissolved minerals and salts on the face of the block. . . . And you know, there's quite a bit of it down there in the basement in certain areas.

Q: Do you have photographs of that?

A: I don't know that you could see them in the photographs. . . . I couldn't tell you specifically from the photographs that that's what it was. . . . Because they're not close up enough. . . .

Q: What did you see that led you to . . . reach [the] conclusion [that the blocks of the basement wall decayed]?

This testimony does not raise a triable issue of fact as to whether the decay was hidden. In the absence of any evidence to support Wurst's assertion that the decay was hidden, there is no material dispute of fact in the record and summary judgment is warranted.

B.

Alternatively, even if we assume arguendo that Wurst has carried his summary judgment burden with respect to coverage under the policy, summary judgment is appropriate because State Farm has established that the basement wall collapse was specifically excluded from coverage.

First, all collapses not caused solely by hidden decay (or by several other conditions not relevant here) are excluded from coverage under the policy. As discussed above, the undisputed record establishes that decay was not the only cause of the collapse and the decay was visible, not hidden-- cracks and salt deposits were observed on the face of the foundation blocks. Thus, the collapse does not fall within the "Additional Coverages" Section of the policy and is therefore excluded.

Second, the conditions which, Plaintiff's expert, Mr. Hare concludes caused the collapse are excluded from the policy. Mr. Hare's reports state that "snow impact" and "snow load on the ground;" and "expansion of ice" and thawing in the ground caused "excessive pressure" and "expansion forces on the foundation wall" which resulted in the wall's collapse. (Fisher Cert. Ex. 9 (Hare Report of 7/20/04); Fisher Cert. Ex. 10 (Hare Report of 5/18/05)) These conditions are excluded under the policy's exclusion of losses caused by "freezing, thawing, pressure or weight of water or ice . . . to a . . . foundation," (Section I., 1., c.) and "water damage" which is defined as "water below the surface of the ground, including water which exerts pressure on, or seeps or leaks through a . . . foundation," "regardless of . . . (c) whether other causes acted concurrently or in any sequence with the excluded event to produce the loss," (Section I., 2., c., (3)). Thus, the possibility that other conditions, namely decay and snow load, also contributed to the loss does not preclude application of the policy's exclusions.

Accordingly, we hold that the policy excludes coverage for Wurst's loss and summary judgment for State Farm is appropriate.

IV.

For the foregoing reasons, the Court will grant summary judgment to State Farm. An appropriate order will be issued.

Joseph E. Irenas, S.U.S.D.J.

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