particularly interesting because the only practical function of the structure was to house the remains of the deceased

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therefore personal, even whimsical

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tomb of Augustus

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A large tomb built in 28 BC by Augustus, the founder of the Roman Empire. Although built for Emperor Augustus, it also held the remains of emperors after him including Tiberius, Caligula, and Claudius. In 410, during the sack of Rome by Alaric, the pillaging Visigoths rifled the vaults, stole the urns and scattered the ashes, without damaging the structure of the building. The interior of the Mausoleum is no longer open to tourists, as looting, time, and carelessness have stripped the ruins of marbled elegance. But even as ruins, it is a dominating landmark on the northern side of the Campus Martius.

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Mausoleum of Hadrian

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used as a fortress by popes in times of trouble

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Pyramid of Cestius

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was built in time when a great deal of Egyptian artifacts came into Rome at the time Augustus defeated Cleopatra and Anthony

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Next to the Porta San Paolo, one of the southern gates in the 3rd-century Aurelian Walls, the Pyramid of Cestius is today one of the best-preserved ancient buildings in Rome, due to its incorporation into the city's fortifications. The pyramid was built about 18-12 BC as a tomb for Gaius Cestius and is made of brick-faced concrete covered with slabs of white marble standing on a travertine foundation measuring 30 square meters at the base, the tomb standing 37 meters high. Although the tomb had been sealed when it was built with no exterior entrance, there is no trace left of its major contents today, they having been plundered in antiquity. It is not possible for visitors to access the interior except by special permission typically only granted to scholars.

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Petra, Jordan

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burial table is inside the rock

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aqueducts

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for those they conquered, they provided amenities, including water, e.g. the aqueduct in Segovia, Spain

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traditional vs. innovative Roman architecture

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traditional

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based on Greek and Etruscan prototypes

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innovative

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Pantheon

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Thomas Jefferson looked to the Pantheon for design

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Library Rotunda at the University of Virginia

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very few names of architects from Roman times since the patron was more important

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amphitheater in Pompeii

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the colloseum is more famous, the amphitheater in Pompeii is earlier in date, used as a model to build the Yale Bowl

People:

Caligula (12-41 AD)

Roman emperor mostly known for his cruelty, sadism, extravagance, and intense sexual perversity, an insane tyrant

third in the Julio-Claudian dynasty (the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero)

unscathed by the deadly intrigues, he was sole male survivor in family (feud with Tiberius)

Romulus Founds Rome

The Temple of Jupiter OMC

The Servian Wall of Rome

Temple of Portunus in Rome and Temple of Hercules in Cori

The Increasing Greekification of Roman Temple Building

Opus Caementicum and Opus Incertum

Porticus Aemilia

Temple of Jupiter Anxur at Terracina

Tabularium and Theater of Marcellus

Bathing, Entertainment, and Housing in Roman Cities

Roman Tombs, Aqueducts and the Lasting Impact of Roman Architecture

Julius Caesar's Vision to Make Rome the Architectural Equal of Alexandria