..show that heteroplasmy has surprising genetic and behavioral effects in mice, even when each haplotype alone produces a normal phenotype. This interference is bioenergetic and may have contributed to the evolution of sexes...

..Gene therapies for age-related diseases are unlikely to succeed unless oxidative stress can be controlled physiologically, thereby altering the activity and function of potentially hundreds of genes...

..Synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis today involves generation of an ion gradient by means of vectorial electron transfer from a donor to an acceptor. We argue that the first donor was hydrogen and the first acceptor CO2...

Selection for mitonuclear co-adaptation could favour the evolution of two sexes