I want to print a message with the passedMarker facet. I don't know how. I create two FacesMessages, one with SEVERITY_ERROR and one without SEVERITY, but only the first appears correctly, with its icon. The message that should appear with the passedMarker facet shows only its text, without the check icon.

Note that the paths for the icons are correct, and they appear if they are requested directly in the browser.

passed state is not supported at 3.3.x. It was not implemented because of some lack of api for messages storing between requests in JSF and unfortunatelly some artifacts was not removed from docs and maybe from component attributes and leads to such confuses :/. We plan to complete this support in 4.x

Currently simplier way I think is to create just Bean property with successfull message and show it if there are no validation errors after postback.