Physical Description. A bonded fiber matrix (BFM) is a hydraulically
applied continuous layer of elongated fiber strands held together
by a water-resistant bonding agent designed to protect exposed soil
by eliminating direct impact of precipitation. BFMs adhere directly
to the surface of the soil, eliminating gaps between the product and
the soil; therefore no special treatment is required at the upstream
end of the BFM. BFMs have a high water-holding capacity, but do not
form a water-insensitive crust that would inhibit plant growth. BFMs
biodegrade completely into material known beneficial to plant growth.

Vegetative Cover. For areas not subjected to traffic, vegetation
provides the most practical method of dust control and should be established
as early as possible. Temporary vegetation should also be used. See
"Seeding" and "Sodding" BMPs for additional information.

Sprinkling. The site can be sprinkled with water until the surface
is moist. This practice is effective for dust control on large areas,
haul routes or other traffic routes, but constant repetition is required
for effective control.

Tilling. Roughen the surface and bring clods to the surface.
This is an emergency measure that should be used before soil blowing
starts. Begin tillage on windward side of the site. Chisel plows with
shanks spaced about twelve (12) inches to eighteen (18) inches apart
and spring toothed harrows are examples of equipment that may produce
the desired effect. See "Surface Roughening BMP" for additional information.

Wind Barriers. Solid board fences, snow fences, burlap fences,
crate walls and similar materials can be used to control air currents
and blowing soil. Barriers placed at right angles to prevailing wind
currents at intervals of about ten (10) times their height are effective
in controlling soil blowing.

Mulching. This practice offers a fast and effective means of
controlling dust where properly applied. Binders and tackifiers should
be used on organic mulches. Mulching is not recommended for areas
with heavy traffic. See "Mulching" BMP for additional information.

Note: If calcium chloride or spray-on adhesives are used for
dust control, a permit may be required from the Missouri Department
of Natural Resources.

Physical Description. An erosion control blanket is a preformed protective
blanket of plastic fibers, straw or other plant residue designed to
protect soil from the impact of precipitation and overland flow and
retain moisture to facilitate establishment of vegetation. There are
many products on the market designed for a variety of applications.

Conditions For Effective Use Of BMP. Several factors, such as soil
conditions, steepness and length of slope, depth of flow, runoff velocities
and time required to establish desired vegetation, influence the choice
of product. Manufacturer's recommendations should be followed.
Products are available for a variety of uses:

Turf Reinforcement Mat. Three-dimensional permanent synthetic
mat that provides a matrix to greatly reinforce the root system of
the desired vegetation for permanent erosion protection in high flow
channels and on critical slopes.

Physical Description. Establishment of vegetation by spreading grass
seed designed to protect exposed soil from erosion by eliminating
direct impact of precipitation and slowing overland flow rates. Once
established, the vegetative cover will also filter pollutants from
the runoff.

Physical Description. A three-fourth (3/4) to one (1) inch thick
mat of vigorous turf, free of disease, insects and weeds. Sod prevents
raindrops from disrupting the soil structure and causing erosion.
Sod slows water runoff and acts as a filter when sediment laden runoff
crosses over the sodded area.

Where BMP Is To Be Installed. Typically installed in areas requiring
immediate erosion protection, such as swales or detention ponds and
as filter strips, around inlets and adjacent to curbs. Also installed
in areas requiring immediate aesthetic appearance or function such
as entrances to new subdivision and off-site construction areas.

Soil preparation of area to be sodded shall be determined by
tests to determine lime and fertilizer requirements. Soil amendments
shall be mixed into top three (3) to six (6) inches of soil by disking
or other means.

Lay first (1st) row of sod perpendicular to the slope or direction
of flow. Butt subsequent rows tight against previous rows with strips
staggered in brick-like pattern. Fill minor gaps with good soil and
roll entire surface to ensure contact.

Physical Description. A material sprayed onto the surface of exposed
soils designed to protect against erosion for wind or runoff. The
useful life of most products is three (3) to six (6) months. Examples
of materials used include vegetable-based adhesives, copolymers, petroleum
oils and resin-emulsions.

Physical Description. A vegetative, structural or combination treatment
of streams designed to stabilize the stream and reduce erosion. It
is important to note that a systemic analysis of the entire reach
of stream must be conducted in order to avoid unintended negative
impacts on a stream as a result of a corrective action at an isolated
location. A wide array of products and methodologies can be used to
stabilize streams: live stakes; cellular confinement matrices; articulated
block pavers; rip-rap; gabion baskets; turf reinforcement mats; fabric
formed revetments; cedar tree revetments; straw wattles; grade control
structures; stilling basins; etc.

Conditions For Effective Use Of BMP. Acceptable methods vary widely
due to the unique nature of each reach of channel. Design considerations
include: current and future watershed conditions; discharge; velocity;
sediment load; channel slope; control of bottom scour (incising);
soil conditions; compatibility with other improvements; changes in
channel alignment; and protection and maintenance of fish and wildlife
habitats and existing tree canopy.

When BMP To Be Installed. Well in advance of disturbing any upstream
areas in order to give plant material a relatively long period to
become established and allow ample time for inspection and necessary
repairs during construction of the remainder of the development.

Physical Description. A stabilized stream crossing designed to protect
the stream banks while facilitating access for construction vehicles
and equipment. Use of temporary stream crossings is discouraged —
crossings are a direct source of pollution and should be avoided if
alternatives are feasible. If the work involves construction below
the normal water of a defined channel, permit will need to be obtained
from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers prior to the County approving
the SWPPP.

Conditions For Effective Use Of BMP. When no other feasible alternative
exists, crossing streams may be permitted. Design considerations include:
current and proposed watershed conditions; average and peak discharge
(2-year, 24-hour storm); effect on water surface elevation off site;
velocity; sediment removal; and protection of fish and wildlife habits
and existing trees. Criteria for certain types of crossings follow.

Low water crossing. Any constant flow less than three (3) inches
deep; light traffic; bank height less than five (5) feet; perpendicular
to flow or with slight upstream arc.

Culvert. Sized for 2-year, 24-hour storm with one (1) foot freeboard
and no flooding of off-site areas; pipe parallel to flow; embankment
perpendicular to channel or with slight upstream arc; rip-rap on exposed
faces sized for overtopping during a peak storm period.

Site Conditions For Removal. Remove as soon as alternative access
is available. All foreign materials should be removed from creek.
The streambed and banks should be returned to the original contour
and should be stabilized if necessary.

Physical Description. Control measures designed to prohibit chemicals,
hazardous materials, solid waste, human waste and construction debris
from polluting stormwater. Pollutants carried in solution or as surface
films on runoff will be carried through most erosion control and sediment
capture BMPs. Keeping substances like fuel, oil, asphalt, paint, solvents,
fertilizer, soil additives, concrete wash water, solid waste, human
waste and construction debris from polluting runoff can be accomplished
to a large extent through good housekeeping on the site and allowing
the manufacturer's recommendations for disposal.

Where BMP Is To Be Installed. Temporary sanitary facilities, collection,
storage and fueling areas should be located on-site in an area that
does not receive a substantial amount of runoff from upland areas
and does not drain directly to lakes, creeks, streams, rivers, sewers,
ground water, wetlands or road ditches.

Reduction in pollutants depends heavily on how construction
personnel perform their duties. An effective management system requires
training and signage to promote proper storage, handling and disposal
of materials. Follow up observations of actions and inspection of
storage areas by management personnel is also required.

Containers shall be provided for collection of all waste material
including construction debris, trash, petroleum products and any hazardous
materials to be used on site. All waste material shall be disposed
of at facilities approved for that material.

Mixing, pumping, transferring or otherwise handling construction
chemicals such as fertilizer, lime, asphalt, concrete drying compounds
and all other potentially hazardous materials shall be performed in
an area away from any watercourse, ditch or storm drain.

If substances such as oil, diesel fuel, hydraulic fluid, antifreeze,
etc., are spilled, leaked or released onto soil, the soil shall be
dug up and disposed of at a licensed sanitary landfill (not a construction/demolition
debris landfill). Spills on pavement shall be absorbed with sawdust,
kitty litter or a product designed for that purpose and disposed of
at a licensed sanitary landfill. Hazardous or industrial wastes such
as most solvents, gasoline, oil-based paints and cement curing compounds
require special handling. These materials will be removed from the
site and recycled or disposed of in accordance with MoDNR requirements.

State law requires the party responsible for a petroleum product
spill in excess of fifty (50) gallons to report the spill to MoDNR
(537-634-2436) as soon as practical after discovery. Federal law requires
the responsible party to report any release of oil if it reaches or
threatens a sewer, lake, creek, stream, river, ground water, wetland,
or area like a road ditch that drains into one (1) of the above.

Physical Description. A small dam built within a drainage swale or
temporary diversion channel designed to pond water and cause sediment
to settle out. Dams can be constructed of rock, sand bags or gravel
bags.

Physical Description. A compacted earth or gravel ridge, excavated
channel or a combination of ridge and channel designed to direct runoff
away from or around disturbed areas and cause sediment to settle out.
Diversions built on a level contour are used in combination with temporary
slope drains to provide adequate conveyance. Diversions built with
positive drainage slopes release runoff into additional BMPs such
as sediment traps or level spreaders. BMPs such as check dams can
also be used in diversion channels to slow velocities.

Where BMP Is To Be Installed. At top of disturbed slopes and other
sensitive areas to protect them from upstream runoff; intermediate
locations along long slopes to reduce slope length; and perimeter
of construction area.

Physical Description. A stabilized diversion designed to redirect
the flow of a storm sewer system while work that impacts the system
is performed. Diversions can be in the form of pipes or channels and
can handle the flows of creeks or streams or at the outlets of storm
sewer pipes. Diversion channels must be stabilized to prevent erosion.
Diversions can release runoff directly into the storm sewer system
downstream or to additional BMPs such as sediment traps, sediment
basins or rock outlets. BMPs, such as check dams, can also be used
in diversion channels to slow velocities.

Physical Description. Defined swales constructed at regular intervals
along the face of a slope designed to reduce erosion by capturing
surface runoff and directing it to an adequate, stable outlet. Due
to the steep slopes needed to create the terrace, swales may only
be created by construction of earth ridges.

Physical Description. Trapezoidal or parabolic stormwater conveyance
channel lined with vegetation, designed to direct runoff and reduce
the flow velocity of concentrated runoff. Channels should outlet into
sediment traps, detention/retention basins or other stable outlets.
In areas with seasonally high water tables or seepage problems, subsurface
drains are included under the channel. Grassed channels have a limited
ability to control runoff from large storms and are often used in
combination with other BMPs such as subsurface drains and rip-rap
stabilization.

Where BMP Is To Be Installed. Used in areas where erosion-resistant
conveyances are needed, including areas with highly erodible soils
and moderately steep channel slopes — less than five percent
(5%). Channels should only be installed where space is available for
a relatively large cross section. Channels should not make sharp,
unnatural changes in direction or grade of flow.

Where BMP Is To Be Installed. Suitable for multiple uses including
disrupting concentrated flows, redirecting concentrated flows, capturing
sediment by ponding and anchoring other devices. Can be used in place
of silt fence, rock check dams, rock outlet protection, ridge diversions,
inlet protection and level spreader or as part of the structure of
sediment basins, sediment traps, storm drain diversions and structural
stabilization of streams.

When silt builds up in front of a row of gravel bags performing
the function of silt fence, move the row of bags in front of the sediment
buildup. This "new row" will capture additional sediment and keep
concentrated flows from reaching the previous sediment deposit.

Physical Description. A level graded area designed to slow and spread
runoff and release it as sheet flow to a stabilized area. The level
spreader outlet can be stabilized by vegetation, erosion control blankets
or a combination wood timber and gravel. Undisturbed vegetated areas
with a maximum slope of ten percent (10%) at the outfall do not require
stabilization.

Physical Description. Continuous horizontal grooves on the surface
of slopes designed to reduce runoff velocity, increase infiltration,
reduce erosion and trap sediment. Roughening can also be used when
other methods of erosion/siltation control are not immediately available.
In this case surface roughening should be supplemented with other
BMPs as soon as possible.

Where BMP Is To Be Installed. At the top of and at intermediate points
along disturbed slopes to disrupt low-volume, concentrated flows and/or
at the base of disturbed slopes to slow water runoff and capture sediment
laden runoff.

Site Conditions For Removal. The slope should be reworked to the
design grades immediately prior to final stabilization. In some cases,
such as seeding the area, the roughened area could be left as is.

Physical Description. A flexible tubing or rigid conduit extending
from the top to the bottom of a cut or fill slope designed to protect
exposed slopes from upstream runoff. Slope drains typically extend
beyond the toe of slope to a stable area or outlet.

Installation/Construction Procedures. Temporary slope drains must
be installed and maintained properly because failure will usually
result in severe erosion of the slope. Other points of concern are
failure from overtopping due to inadequate pipe inlet capacity or
blockage and lack of maintenance of the upstream diversion device
capacity.

Physical Description. A wide belt of vegetation running along a contour
designed to provide infiltration, intercept sediment and other pollutants
and reduce stormwater flow and velocity. Vegetation may be in the
form of natural wooded strip or proposed mix of erosion-resistant
plants that form a dense mat and effectively bind the soil.

Fence off any undisturbed wooded strips to be preserved. No
activity, including parking vehicles or equipment and storing, clearing,
grubbing or construction debris, shall be permitted in the wooded
strip.

Physical Description. A temporary sediment control barrier consisting
of a short concrete block wall supporting gravel filter media around
a grated inlet designed to prevent sediment from entering the storm
sewer. Shallow temporary ponding during and after rainfall should
be expected.

Install first row of concrete blocks adjacent to the inlet sill,
placing one (1) block on its side on each side of inlet. The blocks
are placed against the sill for lateral support and to avoid washouts
when overflows occur.

Physical Description. A woven fabric barrier braced around an area
inlet designed to prevent sediment from entering the storm sewer.
Shallow temporary ponding during and after rainfall should be expected.

Physical Description. An open graded gravel, wire mesh and woven
fabric filter barrier installed along the throat of a curb inlet designed
to prevent sediment from entering the storm sewer. The barrier is
supported by a wooden frame to provide stability and overflow capacity.

Physical Description. A sod barrier installed around an area inlet
after the surrounding area has been stabilized. It is designed to
slow runoff velocities and remove sediments and other pollutants from
the runoff. This final inlet protection measure is an aesthetically
pleasing way to treat stormwater.

Lay first row of sod adjacent to inlet perpendicular to the
direction of flow. Butt subsequent rows tight against previous rows
with strips staggered in brick-like pattern for a distance of at least
four (4) feet in each direction. Fill minor gaps with good soil and
roll entire surface to ensure surface contact.

Physical Description. A temporary settling pond designed to slowly
release runoff, detaining it long enough to allow most of the sediment
to settle out. Sediment basins cannot trap all sediment that enters.
Basins should be used in conjunction with additional BMPs, such as
temporary seeding, to reduce the total amount of sediment washing
into them. Sediment basins may also be designed to be converted to
permanent stormwater detention basins after site construction has
been completed.

Where BMP Is To Be Installed. Should be located as close to the sediment
source as possible. A sediment basin should not be used in areas of
continuously running water (live streams) nor areas where failure
of the embankment will result in loss of life, damage to homes or
structures, or prevent the use of roadways or utilities.

Physical Description. A temporary small area of impoundment designed
to trap water and allow sediment to settle out. A trap usually consists
of an excavated area with a dewatering pipe and spillway outlet stabilized
with fabric and rip-rap. Due to short retention periods, sediment
traps do not typically remove fine particles such as silts and clays.

Where BMP Is To Be Installed. Installed along slopes, at base of
slopes and around perimeter of site as final barrier to sediment being
carried off-site. Spacing of fence along slopes is relative to slope.

Physical Description. A stabilized entrance to a construction site
designed to minimize the amount of sediment tracked from the site
on vehicles and equipment. Stabilization generally consists of aggregate
over fabric. Mud and sediment fall off of tires as they travel along
the stabilized entrance; however, additional measures in the form
of a washdown area should also be included on-site. The stabilized
entrance also distributes the axle load of vehicles over a larger
area, thereby mitigating the rutting impact vehicles normally have
on unpaved areas.

Physical Description. A stabilized pad designed to provide off-street
parking for construction-related vehicles, eliminate parking on non-surfaced
areas and minimize the amount of sediment tracked from the site. Stabilization
generally consists of aggregate over woven fabric. The stabilized
pad also distributes the axle load of vehicles over a larger area,
thereby mitigating the rutting impact vehicles normally have on unpaved
areas.

Where BMP Is To Be Installed. At locations close to related work
zones that have access along continuous paved stabilized surfaces.
Parking may be distributed in clusters and/or relocated with different
phases of construction.

Minimum of 12 inches thick and sized to handle anticipated number
of employee and visitor vehicles. Plans shall provide provisions for
relocation and resizing of parking area(s) as construction phasing
requires. See table below for minimum requirements

Physical Description. A stabilized pathway providing vehicular access
to a remote construction area designed to reduce rutting, tracking
of mud in wet weather and creation of dust in dry weather. The "roadway"
can be constructed of aggregate over fabric, asphaltic concrete or
Portland cement concrete based on the longevity of the project, required
performance and site conditions. Roadways should follow the natural
terrain to the extent possible.

Physical Description. An area located at construction entrances designed
to wash sediment from the tires and undercarriage of exiting vehicles
and prevent sediment from being tracked onto exiting roadways.