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1 Diss. ETH No Optimal Energy Management and Component Sizing of a Stand-Alone Building Energy System A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by Samuel Felix Fux MSc ETH in Mechanical Engineering born October 9, 1983 citizen of St. Niklaus, VS, Switzerland accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Lino Guzzella, examiner Prof. Dr. Jean-Louis Scartezzini, co-examiner Dr. Jürg Tödtli, co-examiner 2013

2 Abstract The energy consumption of buildings represents a large part of the world s total energy consumption. Due to sustainability concerns, fossil energy sources in the energy supply of buildings are increasingly being substituted by renewable energy sources. The integration of renewable energy sources and storage systems results in complex building energy systems. To exploit the full ecological and economic potential of such complex systems, a methodology is investigated in this thesis for determining the optimal sizes of the system components taking into consideration the optimal energy management. The methodology derived is tested on the specific case of a standalone energy system of an alpine lodge. Its energy system integrates photovoltaics and a thermal solar collector, which supply the lodge with electricityandheat. Acombinedheatandpowerplantservesasabackup power system. First, an optimal energy management system (EMS) is developed for the energy system studied. The approach chosen is based on model predictive control. The optimal control problem associated with the energy management is formulated as a mixed-integer linear program using a simplified model of the system. Logic statements resulting from system and operating constraints are transformed into mixed-integer linear inequalities to integrate them in the optimization problem. To provide the predictive EMS with the required forecasts of the electric and thermal loads, a forecasting algorithm based on the least squares support vector machine method is introduced. The optimal component sizing of the energy system studied is investigated using the predictive EMS developed to control it. The net present costs and the non-renewable cumulative energy demand of the energy system are analyzed for various sizes of the system components. A detailed simulation tool is applied to evaluate the operating performance vii

3 Abstract of the energy system for the various combinations of the component sizes. In the case at hand, the combination of fossil and renewable energy sources is found to be the best option from an economic and an ecological point of view. Finally, the predictive EMS developed is compared with a conventional rule-based EMS. The comparison shows that the predictive EMS enhances the operating performance of the energy system studied, provided that accurate weather and load forecasts are available. It also shows that the EMS applied affects the optimal component sizing of the energy systems studied. This fact emphasizes the need for a careful choice of an appropriate energy management strategy already during the design stage of complex energy systems. viii

Diss. ETH No. 18543 OPTIMAL CONTROL AND DESIGN OF HYBRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLES A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by Olle Sundström MSc in Electrical Engineering,

DISS. ETH NO. 22311 A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by born on citizen of Germany accepted on the recommendation of 20 Abstract

Diss. ETH No. 12075 Group and Session Management for Collaborative Applications A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZÜRICH for the degree of Doctor of Technical Seiences

Diss. ETH No. 20295 SCALABLE SYSTEMS FOR DATA ANALYTICS AND INTEGRATION A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by MARTIN HENTSCHEL Master of Science ETH in

Diss. ETH No. 18190 Large-Scale Mining and Retrieval of Visual Data in a Multimodal Context A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Technical

DISS. ETH NO. 18143 Strategies for Random Contract-Based Testing A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by ILINCA CIUPA Dipl. Eng., Technical University of

DISS. ETH. NO. 21083 Modeling and Design of Unmanned Rotorcraft Systems for Contact Based Inspection A dissertation submitted to ETH ZÜRICH for the degree of Doctor of Science presented by Christoph HÜRZELER

Diss. ETH No. 20300 Simulation and Compensation of Thermal Errors of Machine Tools A dissertation submitted to the ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by MARKUS ESS MSc. ETH Zurich

DISS. ETH NO. 22555 On Incentive-Based Ancillary Service Markets for Incorporation of Renewable Energy Sources and Demand Response A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH

Diss ETH No 9151 Understanding Magnetic Force Microscopy A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZÜRICH for the degree of Doctor of Natural Sciences presented by Christian

DISS. ETH NO. 23472 Orchestrating Performance Through a Digital Business Strategy Creating Value by Leveraging IT Resources A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr.

Diss. ETH No. 20288 Agent-based modeling and simulation of large scale electric mobility in power systems A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by MATTHIAS

DISS. ETH NO. 17835 Modeling and Optimization of the Energy Consumption of Chemical Batch Plants A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by Andrej Szíjjarto

DISS. ETH NO. 21978 Search for Physics Beyond the Standard Model in the Opposite-Sign Same-Flavor Dilepton Final State with the CMS Detector A thesis submitted to attain the degree of Doctor of Sciences

Diss. ETH No. 13756 A Continuous Relaxation Based Heuristic for a Class of Constrained Semi-Assignment Problems A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZURICH for the degree

Series in Diss. ETH No 13783 Signal and Information Processing Volume 6 A Systematic Approach to Adaptive Algorithms for Multichannel System Identification, Inverse Modeling, and Blind Identification A

Support Technologies based on Bi-Modal Network Analysis H. Agenda 1. Network analysis short introduction 2. Supporting the development of virtual organizations 3. Supporting the development of compentences

Abstract The thesis on hand deals with customer satisfaction at the example of a building subcontractor. Due to the problems in the building branch, it is nowadays necessary to act customer oriented. Customer

Diss. ETH No. 17062 Modeling, Pricing and Risk Management of Power Derivatives A dissertation submitted to ETH Zurich for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by Martina Wilhelm Dipl. Math. ETH born

Diss. ETH No. 15233 EvaluatingPerformance in Systems with Heavy-Tailed Input A Quantile-based Approach A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZURICH for the degree of DOCTOR

Diss. ETH No. 16351 GALS System Design: Side Channel Attack Secure Cryptographic Accelerators A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Technical

DISS. ETH NO. 21302 PUBLIC PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION OF CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE (CCS) A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by SELMA L ORANGE SEIGO

Diss. ETH No. 22205 On Optimal Algorithms for List Ranking in the Parallel External Memory Model with Applications to Treewidth and other Elementary Graph Problems A thesis submitted to attain the degree

DISS. ETH NO. 21371 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF EMBANKMENT BREACHING DUE TO OVERTOPPING A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by CHRISTIAN VOLZ Dipl. Ing., University

DISS. ETH NO. 20770 A Requirement-Oriented Data Quality Model and Framework of a Food Composition Database System A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by

DISS. ETH N O 18072 Contract-based tests in the software process and environment A dissertation submitted to the ETH Zurich for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by Andreas Leitner Diplom Ingenieur,

UNIVERSITÄT JOHANNES KEPLER LINZ JKU Technisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Working Sets for the Principle of Least Privilege in Role Based Access Control (RBAC) and Desktop Operating Systems DISSERTATION

DISS. ETH NO. 18787 Application-level System and Tool Support for Auto-ID Application Development A dissertation submitted to the ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by Matthias Lampe

DISS. ETH NO. 21996 Identification of new targets and treatment strategies for the therapy of chronic skin inflammation A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented

Diss. ETH No. 21296 Shunt-Stub Impedance Matching Circuit for Time-Resolved Reflectometry Charge Detection in a Quantum Dot A dissertation submitted to the ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences

DISS. ETH No. 18194 Investigation and Development of CIGS Solar Cells on Flexible Substrates and with Alternative Electrical Back Contacts A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of DOCTOR

Diss. ETH N 20659 Scale-Down Modeling of CHO Fed-Batch Processes for Monoclonal Antibody Production A dissertation submitted to ETH ZURICH for the degree of Doctor of Sciences presented by Jochen Bastian

Diss. ETH No. 16257 Models and Dynamic Optimisation for the Asset and Liability Management of Pension Funds A dissertation submitted to the SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ZURICH for thc dcgrce of

Universitat Stuttgart Institute for Theory and Automatic Prof. Dr. Ing. Frank Allgöwer Msc. Courses at the IST In the following -grouped according to study programs- modules in Master of Science programs