The province of Arezzo or Arretium (Italian: provincia di Arezzo) is the easternmost province in the Tuscany region of northern Italy. Its capital is the city of Arezzo. The province is bordered by the regions of Marche, Emilia-Romagna, Umbria, and the provinces Siena and Florence of Tuscany.[1] It has an area of 3,233 square kilometres (1,248 sq mi), a total population of about 344,000 in 36 comuni (singular: comune)[2][3]

The north of the province of Arezzo contains the Pratomagno and Casentino mountain ranges and valleys, and the southern areas of the region contain the fertile Tiber and Chiana valleys.[1] It is believed that the province was a major Etruscan urban centre known as Arretium, and a wall was built around the province in this period of rule. In Roman times, the settlement expanded down from the hills, and the settlement assisted Ancient Rome in the Punic Wars against Ancient Carthage. After attacks from barbarians, the settlement mostly disappeared in around 400 AD.[1]

Towards the end of the 11th century, the settlement grew again into a city, despite being located between the powerful nations of Siena and Florence. Its location led to its ownership changing repeatedly; Florence owned the province after the Battle of Campaldino, later lost authority over it, and then annexed it again in 1384.[1] Florence possessed the province until 1859 when Italy was unified. The province is in close proximity to Camaldoli, ancestral seat of the Camaldolese monks.[1]