Military History. — Cadet at the Military Academy, July 1, 1832, to July 1, 1836, when he was graduated and promoted in the Army to

Bvt. Second Lieut., 1st Artillery, July 1, 1836.

Second Lieut., 1st Artillery, Aug. 31, 1836.

Served: in the Florida War against the Seminole Indians, 1836‑37, being engaged in the Battle of Wahoo Swamp, Nov. 21, 1836; on Commissary duty, 1838‑39; on the Northern Frontier at Plattsburg, N. Y.,

(First Lieut., 1st Artillery, July 7, 1838)

1839‑41, during Canada Border Disturbances; on Maine Frontier, at Houlton, 1841‑43, pending "Disputed Territory" controversy; in garrison at Ft. Sullivan, Me., 1843‑44, — and Hancock Barracks, Me., 1844‑45; in Military Occupation of Texas, at Corpus Christi, 1845‑46; in the War

(Captain, 1st Artillery, Mar. 3, 1847)

with Mexico, 1846, 1847‑48, being engaged in the Battle of Palo Alto, May 8, 1846, — Battle of
Resaca-de‑la‑Palma, May 9, 1846, — Skirmish of La Hoya, June 20, 1847, — Skirmish of Ocalaca, Aug. 16, 1847, — Battle of Contreras, Aug. 19‑20, 1847, where he was wounded, — Battle

(Bvt. Major, Aug. 20, 1847, for Gallant and Meritorious Conduct
in the Battles of Contreras and Churubusco, Mex.)