Unique Ability: +1 sight for land units and -50% cost for purchasing tiles. (was land militaryunits and a 50% discount)

Minuteman: Now a Skirmisher replacement, and in the Vanguard unit class. Starts with Drill promotion (guerrilla warfare). 20 (+3).

Removed obsolete river start bias (applied to a former version of his unique ability, River Expansion).

B17 replaced with a new unique building. The concept of human migration is central to the history of the United States. The region’s settling by outside immigrants in two massive waves (millenia ago and in recent history), subsequent internal migrations, and resulting events had an impact on the world far beyond the nation’s borders. In Civilization there are several stages to migration: 1) scouting 2) moving a settler out 3) claiming valuable tiles around the city 4) developing and defending the city. This is partially represented in Manifest Destiny’s sight-range and land-buy bonuses. I’ve added the Pioneer Fort to this mix, enhancing #4 for Washington.

Added the Jelling Stones, a Unique Heroic Epic of Denmark. The city with the Jelling Stones receives culture from each city looted, in addition to the normal effects of the Heroic Epic. (Previous unique of Denmark was Norwegian Ski Infantry.) Details.“The Jelling stones are massive carved runestones from the 10th century, found at the town of Jelling in Denmark. The older of the two Jelling stones was raised by King Gorm in memory of his wife Thyra. The larger of the two stones was raised by Harald Bluetooth, King Gorm’s son. Harald constructed the second stone in memory of his parents, celebration of his conquest of Denmark and Norway, and his conversion of the Danes to Christianity. The runic inscriptions on these stones are considered the most well known in Denmark.”

Ship of the Line replaced with a new unique building. One of the biggest impacts Great Britain had on world history was its role as epicenter of the Industrial Revolution. For the first time humanity has experienced a dramatic and sustained improvement in the material well-being of average people, continuing for two centuries to the present. Many aspects of this began with the shift of the British textile industry from manual and animal labor to machinery and steam power. This British head-start on industrialization is now represented in Civilization by the Steam Mill, a Workshop (formerly Windmill) replacement.

Unique Ability: Food buildings add 1 when constructed. Starts with a Worker instead of a Warrior.

War Elephants: Now a Horseman replacement, with 15 12.

New Unique Building replacing the Mughal Fort. The Harappan civilization of the Indus River Valley designed the world’s first known urban sanitation systems around 2600 BCE. Individual homes or groups of homes obtained water from wells. Waste water was directed from rooms set aside for bathing to covered drains lining the major streets. The massive walls of Harappan cities were speculated to protect from flooding. These Harappan hydraulic engineering systems were even more efficient than those of many areas of India and Pakistan today, achieving large urban cities with relatively little agriculture development.

Barbary Corsairs replaced with Governance. The Ottomans were known to have good administrative policy, even tolerance and inclusion of ethnic groups like Christians and Jews into the bureaucracy of what was predominantly a Muslim nation. In metropolitan areas artisans and merchants were strongly supported. The Ottomans were also famous conquerors. Suleiman in particular was known as “Suleyman the Lawmaker”, a philosopher-king, warmonger, poet and patron of the arts, and promoted changes to law and administrative practices. Somewhat like the old Philosophical trait, a bonus to specialists seems to fit both the nation and leader perfectly.Janissary rebalanced slightly to compensate for a better trait.

Unique Ability: 100 from discovering a Natural Wonder regardless of distance (was 500/100 close/distant). (Close natural wonders give gold earlier and include a possibility of settling nearby, so there’s no need to amplify the close-NW advantage further.) Starts with a Scout instead of a Warrior, and receives a Caravel upon researching Compass.