..This study provides further evidence for the existence of portal-associated lymphoid tissue and is the first evidence that ectopic CCL21 is associated with lymphoid neogenesis in human inflammatory disease...

..This article will review the pathology of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) focusing on recent studies which have improved our understanding of the clinicopathological features and diagnostic approaches...

..g., coexistent metabolic fatty liver disease). In cases where there is a dual pathology, liver biopsy may also help to identify the predominant cause of graft damage...

What does the long-term liver allograft look like for the pediatric recipient?

Stefan HubscherDepartment of Pathology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomLiver Transpl 15:S19-24. 2009

..6. Further studies are required to investigate the role of protocol liver biopsies in determining therapeutic strategies in children who appear to have good graft function according to noninvasive investigations...

..This article will provide an overview of the main histological changes occurring in long-term survivors post-LT, focusing on areas where the assessment of late post-transplant biopsies is most relevant clinically...

..This is the first demonstration in humans that T cells activated in the gut can be recruited to an extra-intestinal site of disease and provides a paradigm to explain the pathogenesis of extra-intestinal complications of IBD...

Cirrhosis after orthotopic liver transplantation in the absence of primary disease recurrence

..Future developments in genetic and immune profiling may lead to liver biopsy becoming a predictive tool to identify patients in which immunosuppression can be safely withdrawn...

Recruitment mechanisms of primary and malignant B cells to the human liver

Shishir ShettyCenter for Liver Research, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomHepatology 56:1521-31. 2012

..Certain features of lymphocyte homing are maintained in lymphoma recruitment to the liver, suggesting that therapeutic targets for lymphocyte recruitment may also prevent hepatic lymphoma dissemination...

..Thus, CLEVER-1/stabilin-1 and VAP-1 may provide an organ-specific signal for Treg recruitment to the inflamed liver and to hepatocellular carcinoma...

CXCR3-dependent recruitment and CCR6-mediated positioning of Th-17 cells in the inflamed liver

Ye Htun OoCentre for Liver Research and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Liver Disease, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomJ Hepatol 57:1044-51. 2012

..IL-17 secreting CD4 (Th17) and CD8 (Tc17) T cells have been implicated in immune-mediated liver diseases, but the molecular basis for their recruitment and positioning within the liver is unknown...

A dual role for hypoxia inducible factor-1α in the hepatitis C virus lifecycle and hepatoma migration

Garrick K WilsonInstitute for Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomJ Hepatol 56:803-9. 2012

..However, the role of infection in HCC pathogenesis is poorly understood. We investigated the effect(s) of HCV infection and viral glycoprotein expression on hepatoma biology to gain insights into the development of HCV associated HCC...

Histologic and biochemical changes during the evolution of chronic rejection of liver allografts

..In conclusion, findings from this study may help identify patients at risk of progressing to graft loss from CR at a stage when the disease process is potentially reversible and amenable to treatment...

..Risk factors for rPBC include use of tacrolimus compared with cyclosporine; for rPSC include absence of colon peri-transplantation and for rAIH possible associations with some HLA haplotypes have been suggested...

Does the Banff rejection activity index predict outcome in patients with early acute cellular rejection following liver transplantation?

..In conclusion, although the Banff RAI score is a useful marker of the severity of rejection, neither the total RAI score nor any of the individual components correlated with response to steroids or graft survival...

The role of cytokines and chemokines in the development of steatohepatitis

..Thus, CXCL16 can promote lymphocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and may function to attract and retain effector cells that promote biliary and hepatocyte destruction in inflammatory liver disease...

Loss of 5α-reductase type 1 accelerates the development of hepatic steatosis but protects against hepatocellular carcinoma in male mice

..05). 5αR1 deletion accelerates the development of hepatic steatosis but may protect against the development of NAFLD-related hepatocellular neoplasia and therefore has potential as a therapeutic target. ..

Altered Notch ligand expression in human liver disease: further evidence for a role of the Notch signaling pathway in hepatic neovascularization and biliary ductular defects

Sarbjit S NijjarDepartment of Pathology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United KingdomAm J Pathol 160:1695-703. 2002

..This, together with aberrant Jagged-1 expression suggests that the Notch signaling pathway may play a role in the neovascularization and biliary defects observed in the liver during the development of cirrhosis...

..Furthermore, none of the German or U.K. HCC tumors tested positive for EBER or EBNAI expression in tumor cells. Our results provide strong evidence that HCCs from the U.K. or Germany are not associated with EBV...