ABSTRACT dimensional flow fields (see below). Besides others, The transport of Ni one versatile approach for modeling three-dimensional 2 � ions in a column, filled with porous media, was observed in three dimensions and time by magnetic resonance transport processes is the use of particle tracking. Parti-imaging (MRI) in a clinical scanner. For...

ABSTRACT dimensional flow fields (see below). Besides others, The transport of Ni one versatile approach for modeling three-dimensional 2 � ions in a column, filled with porous media, was observed in three dimensions and time by magnetic resonance transport processes is the use of particle tracking. Parti-imaging (MRI) in a clinical scanner. For porous media we used glass cle tracking models like PARTRACE (Neuendorf, beads or quartz sand in a saturated continuous flow mode. The mag- 1997) use a divergence-free heterogenous flow velocity netic moment of Ni 2 � decreased the T 1 relaxation time of 1 H in aqueous field as input for transport modeling. The local flow solution. This concentration-dependent effect was used by a fast low properties have to be determined by either a modeling angle shot (FLASH) MRI sequence for imaging the concentration of the dissolved ions. Since Ni program like TRACE (Seidemann, 1997) or by direct 2 � behaves as a conservative tracer under the chosen conditions, the tracer motion was representative for the water flow in the porous medium. Currently, we can achieve an isotropic spatial resolution of 1.5 mm and a temporal resolution of 170 s. Minimize

Unfortunately, giving preparatory information to the patient is generally regarded as legally mandatory for obtaining his written consent to an invasive procedure. Disclosure, however, could be used to reduce his anxiety as well; we hypothesized that showing a preparatory video film might be helpful in this respect. Patients who were admitted fo...

Unfortunately, giving preparatory information to the patient is generally regarded as legally mandatory for obtaining his written consent to an invasive procedure. Disclosure, however, could be used to reduce his anxiety as well; we hypothesized that showing a preparatory video film might be helpful in this respect. Patients who were admitted for elective coronary angiography were eligible for the study. 65 were randomized to two groups: both groups received the same leaflet and personal interview with the doctor, but only one group (Group 2) additionally watched a 14 min preparatory video. Anxiety was assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The two groups did not differ with respect to initial anxiety levels and other important parameters. Group 1 patients, who did not watch the video had no significant reduction in anxiety score; group 2 patients showed a significant benefit. We conclude that disclosure with the additional aid of a video film may be an easy, yet effective way to reduce patients' anxiety. Minimize

We derive a phenomenological continuum saltation model for aeolian sand transport that can serve as an efficient tool for geomorphological applications. The coupled differential equations for the average density and velocity of sand in the saltation layer reproduce both known equilibrium relations for the sand flux and the time evolution of the ...

We derive a phenomenological continuum saltation model for aeolian sand transport that can serve as an efficient tool for geomorphological applications. The coupled differential equations for the average density and velocity of sand in the saltation layer reproduce both known equilibrium relations for the sand flux and the time evolution of the sand flux as predicted by microscopic saltation models. The three phenomenological parameters of the model are a reference height for the grain-air interaction, an effective restitution coefficient for the grain-bed interaction, and a multiplication factor characterizing the chain reaction caused by the impacts leading to a typical time or length scale of the saturation transients. We determine the values of these parameters by comparing our model with wind tunnel measurements. Our main interest are out of equilibrium situations where saturation transients are important, for instance at phase boundaries (ground/sand) or under unsteady wind conditions. We point out that saturation transients are indispensable for a proper description of sand flux over structured terrain, by applying the model to the windward side of an isolated dune, thereby resolving recently reported discrepancies between field measurements and theoretical predictions. ; Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures Minimize

The primary structure of a strong RNA polymerase binding site in the replicative form DNA of phage fd has been determined by direct DNA sequencing. It is: (see article). The molecule contains regions with 2-fold symmetry and sequence homologies to promoter regions from other DNAs. The startpoint of transcription is located in the center of the b...

The primary structure of a strong RNA polymerase binding site in the replicative form DNA of phage fd has been determined by direct DNA sequencing. It is: (see article). The molecule contains regions with 2-fold symmetry and sequence homologies to promoter regions from other DNAs. The startpoint of transcription is located in the center of the binding site. Minimize