Stuffed Derivatives of Close-Packed StructuresBodie E. DouglasExamines a variety of stuffed silica crystal structures in terms of the close-packing of one set of atoms or ions (P sites) with other atoms or ions in tetrahedral (T) or octahedral (O) sites and filled or partially filled layers in the regular pattern, PTOT.Douglas, Bodie E. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1846.

Crystals / Crystallography |

Group Theory / Symmetry |

Materials Science |

Metals |

Solid State Chemistry |

Solids

Titration of a Solid Acid Monitored By X-Ray DiffractionKeenan E. Dungey and Paul EpsteinPresents a solid-state laboratory in which students react fixed amounts of zirconium phosphate with increasing equivalents of NaOH(aq). From X-ray diffraction patterns, students calculate the interplanar spacings before and after the reaction. The spacings increase until the molar equivalence point is reached, indicating incorporation of the sodium ion into the crystal.Dungey, Keenan E.; Epstein, Paul. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 122.

Acids / Bases |

Crystals / Crystallography |

Materials Science |

Solid State Chemistry |

X-ray Crystallography |

Titration / Volumetric Analysis

Sherlock Holmes and the Case of the Raven and the Ambassador's Wife: An Inquiry-Based Murder MysteryNathaniel Grove and Stacey Lowery BretzIn the accompanying investigation, students help Sherlock Holmes solve the poisoning death of Holly Bernard-Schneider, the wife of the German ambassador to England. Hints are placed throughout the story to help students in their choice of experiments. These experiments include flame tests, qualitative analysis, molar mass determination using freezing point depression, and identification of crystal shapes. Though intended for use as a culminating activity, the unit can be easily modified to be used as separate modules throughout the course of the year. Grove, Nathaniel; Bretz, Stacey Lowery. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1532.

A multi-topic problem for general chemistry Burness, James H.A 'marathon' problem which requires specific knowledge in several areas while requiring that the student recognize how these areas are related.Burness, James H. J. Chem. Educ.1988, 65, 145.

Composition of gas hydrates. New answers to an old problemCady, George H.The author provides a discussion on nonstoichiometric crystalline solids as they deserve attention in elementary chemistry courses because they are interesting and increasingly important. Laboratory activities are included.Cady, George H. J. Chem. Educ.1983, 60, 915.

Stoichiometry |

Solids |

Crystals / Crystallography

Association of ions and fractional crystallization: a general chemistry experimentScaife, Charles W. J.; Dubs, Richard L.The experiment in this article has been used in laboratories for non science majors and for inorganic chemistry. In both cases students attain a good understanding of what it taking place, how the various procedures affect actual concentrations of ions present, and why particular salts crystallize under certain conditions whereas others do not.Scaife, Charles W. J.; Dubs, Richard L. J. Chem. Educ.1983, 60, 418.

The chemistry of glassKolb, Doris; Kolb, Kenneth E.Definition of glass, natural glass, the early history of glass, the composition of different types of glass, chemically modified glasses, and modern glass forming.Kolb, Doris; Kolb, Kenneth E. J. Chem. Educ.1979, 56, 604.

Solid state labs: The bubble raftMcCormick, P. D.Method for producing bubble rafts and experiments for using them to demonstrate the properties of crystals.McCormick, P. D. J. Chem. Educ.1975, 52, 521.

Solids |

Solid State Chemistry |

Crystals / Crystallography

Unit cellsOlsen, Robert C.; Tobiason, Fred L.An easy way to construct of have students construct a unit cell in three dimensions.Olsen, Robert C.; Tobiason, Fred L. J. Chem. Educ.1975, 52, 509.

Solids |

Molecular Modeling |

Crystals / Crystallography

Sealed tube experimentsCampbell, J. A.Lists and briefly describes a large set of "sealed tube experiments," each of which requires less than five minutes to set-up and clean-up, requires less than five minutes to run, provides dramatic results observable by a large class, and illustrates important chemical concepts.Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ.1970, 47, 273.

The teaching of crystal geometry in the introductory courseLivingston, R. L.It is the purpose of this paper to outline an approach to the teaching of crystal structure at the elementary level that will prepare the student for more advanced work in this field or that could be used as the beginning in a more advanced course.Livingston, R. L. J. Chem. Educ.1967, 44, 376.

Models for demonstrating electronegativity and "partial charge"Sanderson, R. T.Describes a three-dimensional set of atomic models arranged periodically to illustrate trend in electronegativity and the use of molecular models to illustrate important concepts in general chemistry. Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ.1959, 36, 507.

Chemical geometryApplication to saltsGibb, Thomas R. P., Jr.; Winnerman, AnneIt is the purpose of this article to illustrate how one may delve rather deeply into some aspects of crystal structure that are of special interest chemically without becoming involved in the symbology and semantic complexities of conventional crystallography.Gibb, Thomas R. P., Jr.; Winnerman, Anne J. Chem. Educ.1958, 35, 578.

Crystals / Crystallography |

Solids

Some simple solid modelsCampbell, J. A.Describes the use of hard spheres to illustrate a variety of concepts with respect solids, including closest packing and the effects of temperature and alloying.Campbell, J. A. J. Chem. Educ.1957, 34, 210.

Solids |

Crystals / Crystallography |

Molecular Modeling

Textbook errors: X. The classification of crystalsMysels, Karol J.The classification of crystals into several systems (e.g., cubic, tetragonal, orthorombic) is generally based in textbooks on a consideration of crystal axes, particularly their relative lengths and direction; this approach usually gives correct assignments but occasionally leads to an error.Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ.1957, 34, 40.

Crystals / Crystallography |

Solids

Growing crystals: A survey of laboratory methodsFehlner, Francis P.The purpose of this article is to provide basic information and readily available references for anyone wishing to begin the production of crystals.Fehlner, Francis P. J. Chem. Educ.1956, 33, 449.