Surface mining for bitumen extraction results in production of tailings that are deposited into large ponds. Tailings in the ponds support diverse microbial communities capable of metabolizing organic compounds and producing biogenic gases (methane, CH4 and carbon dioxide, CO2). Because of low...

Surface mining activities cause severe adverse effects on soils. Scientists across the world have used different physical, chemical and biological reclamation techniques to recover mining disturbed areas. The effectiveness and efficiency of reclamation techniques is crucial to reclamation...