This week, Joseph concludes his instructions on the six sense spheres, continuing his focus on the conditioned nature of perception. We are taught about the four hallucinations (or errors) of perception:

·Taking what is Impermanent to be Permanent

·Taking what is Unattractive to be Attractive

·Taking what is Unsatisfactory to be Happiness

·Taking what is Non-Self to be Self.

Having identified the problems inherent in conditioned perceptions, Joseph demonstrates how we practice training our perceptions in more beneficial ways. He concludes by revisiting the refrain that is repeated frequently throughout the sutta and applies it specifically to the sense spheres.