Card Range To Study

35 Cards in this Set

Experienced when you perceive objects located at different positions based on their sounds. This extends around your head, existing wherever there is a sound.

Auditory Space

Locating objects in space based on their sound.

Auditory Localization

This extends left and right from the listener.

Azimuth Coordinate

This extends up and down from the listener.

Elevation Coordinate

This specifies how far a sound source is from the listener.

Distance Coordinate

Sound reaching the left and right ear provides this.

Binaural Cues

The difference between the times that the sound reaches the left and right ears, can be used as a cue to determine a sound’s location.

Interaural Time Difference

The difference in intensity of the sound reaching the left and right ears.

Interaural Intensity Difference

This is larger for sounds to the side.

Interaural Intensity Difference

Dominant cue for low-frequency sounds.

Interaural Time Difference

Results when one ear receives sound directly, other will be in shadow (diffracted around the head, sound pressure is lower). This works for high frequencies only.

Accoustic Shadowing

This is based on the difference in the sound pressure level of the sound reaching the two ears.

Interaural Level Difference

Sound reaching just one ear provides this.

Monaural Cues

The difference between the sound from the source and the sound actually entering the ears.

Head-related transfer function

Mathematical description of exactly how each frequency in a sound from anywhere in surrounding space is amplified or dampened by the body parts near the ear.

Head-related transfer function

Perceiving the sound as coming from within your head.

Internalization

Sounds are heard as originating in space (Virtual Auditory Space, VAS, in headphones)

Externalization

Located in the auditory cortex, respond to specific interaural time differences. Each neuron responds best to a different delay.

Interaural Time Difference Detectors

This contain points on a neural structure that correspond in a systematic way to locations in space.

Topographic Maps

The area of space associated with each neuron; the location is space from which sound influences the firing of the neuron.

Receptive Field for Sound Location

Cortical neurons that signal location by their pattern of firing; it fires to sounds originating from all directions and indicates each location by its pattern of firing.

Panoramic Neurons

Separation of the stimuli produced by each of the sources in the scene into separate perceptions; dividing auditory information into separate perceptions based on the source.

Auditory Scene Analysis

The array of sound sources in the environment.

Auditory scene

The separation of the acoustic stimuli entering the ear into different perceptual streams.

Auditory Stream Segregation

An illusion that occurs when successive notes of a scale are presented alternately to the left and the right ears. Even though each ear receives notes that jump up and down in frequency, smoothly ascending or descending scales are heard in each ear.

Scale Illusion (Melodic Channeling)

A representation of a familiar melody that is stored in a person’s memory. When people don’t know that a melody is present, they have no access to the schema and therefore have nothing with which to compare the unknown melody.

Melody Schema

The sound reaching you ears directly, along a straight path from the sound source.

Direct Sound

Sounds that reach the ears after being reflected from a surface such as a room’s wall.

Indirect Sound

You perceive the sound as coming from the nearer speaker because the sound from the nearer speaker is reaching your ears first.

Precedence Effect

The study of how sounds are reflected in rooms.

Architectural Acoustics

The amount and duration of indirect sound produced by a room; the time it takes for the sound to decrease to 1/1000th of its original pressure.

Reverberation Time

Time between when sound arrives directly from stage and when the first reflection arrives.

Intimacy time

The ratio of low frequencies to middle frequencies that are reflected from walls and other surfaces.

Bass Ratio

The fraction of all of the sound received by a listener that is indirect sound.

Spaciousness Factor

When sound is heard coming from its seen location, even though it is actually originating somewhere else (like at the movies or rock concerts).

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