At 101Blockchains.com, we believe in blockchain technology, and we know how confusing for anyone new to the whole blockchain stuff. In this blockchain cheat sheet, we will cover all the essential topics in a simple way. Also, you can follow the links if you want to know more about any specific blockchain definition.

Also, this is the first part of the “Blockchain Explained” series that we are going through. So stay tuned to learn more about blockchain. In this blockchain glossary for beginners, we collected to most important blockchain definitions you should be familiar with as you are going to hear them a lot. We will be sharing more articles and definitions in this glossary in the near future.

Ultimate Blockchain Glossary For Beginners – Infographic

List of Blockchain Definitions

Currently, there are 46 blockchain definitions in this glossary, let’s get started.

A

What is an Airdrop?

Airdrops are all about distributing free tokens to people as rewards. It is related to blockchain projects, especially ICOs. Airdrop might or might not have an incentive attached to it. Many startups or blockchain project airdrop for diverse reasons including bug fixes, community growth or incentives a positive action towards their idea. Anyone can participate in airdrops until and unless they match with their requirement.

Read more about Airdrops and how to receive free tokens in this article

Definition of an Altcoin

Any cryptocurrency or token other than Bitcoin is known as altcoin. The word “altcoin” has a subtle meaning associated with it. It can be broken down to “alt” which means alternative and “coin” which means cryptocurrency. Any coin that is released after Bitcoin is known as altcoin. Some of the examples include Ethereum, NEO, EOS, LEND, etc. Altcoins are also better regarding features and functionality but don’t offer the storage value compared to Bitcoin.

B

What is Blockchain?

The blockchain is a distributed ledger technology (DLT) that offers decentralization. It is the brainchild of pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. He also invented Bitcoin which uses blockchain technology. Blockchain consists of nodes that carry a copy of the decentralized ledger. Also, blockchain uses consensus method to agree on value across the network. We hope you learned about blockchain definition.

Definition of a Bounty

Bounty is a simple program run by startups or business to incentivize positive behavior such as bug fixes, marketing aid, article writing, and so on. Bounties have always been popular in the tech industry. However, it caught new direction when ICOs started to happen. Also, bounties are not about all positive effect. They do have some negative aspects associated with it including market manipulation.

What is Bitcoin?

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency that came into existence in 2009 by Satoshi Nakamoto. It is a digital currency that doesn’t require a centralized authority to work or function. It rose to new heights in 2017 when its value touched $19,000 per bitcoin. Bitcoin doesn’t have better practical use compared to other cryptocurrencies out there due to its rising transfer time and fees related to transfer. However, it is now used as a storage value. Bitcoin can be stored in a wallet that is specifically made to store it. Bitcoin uses distributed ledger technology(DLT).

What is a Blockchain Explorer?

Blockchain explorer lets users browse a blockchain. It is similar to the web browsers such as Google Chrome or Firefox for browsing internet web pages. It is used to track transactions, explore blocks feed, transactions history, and much more.

Full explanation article is coming soon. Stay tuned.

C

What is Consensus?

The consensus is a way to agree on a single point of the data value in a network. Many consensus algorithms are used in distributed systems. Some of the popular consensus algorithms include Proof-of-Work(PoW), Proof-of-Stake(PoS) and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS). All of them work differently and have a different way of handling consensus in a distributed network.

Definition of a Cryptocurrency

Cryptocurrency is a virtual/digital coin with no tangible existence. It can be distributed over a network and acts as a way to do trades among peers. It existence surrounds the idea of decentralization with no central authority at work. Some of the most popular cryptocurrencies include Bitcoin, Ethereum, NEO, Litecoin, EOS, and so on. A user can mine or buy a cryptocurrency. There are also other ways to get hold of cryptocurrencies including bounties, airdrop, mining or staking.

What is Cryptocurrency Fork?

Cryptocurrency Fork is a technical term which means creating a new version of the blockchain from its already available blockchain version. It is creating a new branch with added or new features, characteristics or functionality. One of the popular cryptocurrency forks happened was ETH-ETC fork due to theDAO hack on Ethereum blockchain. Also, there are two types of forks: hard and soft fork. Bitcoin also had few forks which include Bitcoin Gold, Bitcoin Diamond, and others.

D – Blockchain Definitions

Definition of DAO

DAO stands for Decentralized Autonomous Organization. After its initial launch in 2016, it received a mixed response from the community. By using DAO, any organization can create a rule-set using the code and manage in a decentralized environment. DAO became popular due to Ethereum. However, the DAO also has its negative points. It ishackable, and if someone finds a vulnerability, it cannot be rolled back. It is created using smart contracts and is funded in its initial stage before opening it to the users.

What is a dApp?

dApp stands for a decentralized application that is developed on top of blockchain platforms such as Ethereum, NEO or EOS. It follows a specific rule and automates certain or all the functions with the help of smart contracts. dApps always need to be open source and must operate without any controlled party. dApps can be created by organizations to automate specific tasks or merely providing a way for their users to have an interface with particular functionality. Also, dApps need tokens to work. For example, if a dApp does a task, it needs to spend transaction fuel to get the task registered on the blockchain.

Blockchain Glossary Bonus, What is the Difference Between a Blockchain and a Database?

There is one significant difference between database and blockchain, i.e., decentralization. The blockchain is also a type of database, but it offers decentralization. The traditional database also helps to store and retrieve data but are centralized in nature. Blockchain also provides integrity of data which means that data once is written cannot be modified or altered anyone. This implies blockchain doesn’t offer the data manipulations option. Validations are also more accurate on blockchain compared to the database due to data integrity.

What is a DLT?

DLT stands for Distributed Ledger Technology. DLT enables the blockchain and gives it the ability of decentralization. It can be used in networks without any geographical barrier. In DLT, there is no central authority, and each node generally has a copy of the distributed ledger. Also, each node takes part in the consensus process. It is fast, reliable and transparent. It also offers 100% data integrity.

What DYOR means?

DYOR stands for “Do Your Own Research.” It is aimed at investors or newbies who are told to do their own research and not rely on anyone else for their financial or investment decisions. It is a slang word that is heavily used in cryptocurrency community especially when someone shares their opinion. Cryptocurrency is a volatile platform and hence requires the need for DYOR everytime an investor decides to invest. Investing in cryptocurrency is very risky, DYOR!.

Definition of DAICO

There are many ICOs project that doesn’t meet the requirement of surviving in the market. Also, investing in ICOs currently can be seen as gambling. DIACO is a decentralized fundraising model. It is built on top of the blockchain network such as Ethereum. It acts democratically and ensures that the token sale is made in the best interest of the investor. It uses the mechanism, “Tap.” This mechanism enables investors to do fund control. It means that the investor can invest in steps and according to certain conditions. If the conditions don’t match, then the investment will stop. On the other hand, if the condition match, the second investment will be made. The whole idea behind DAICO is to make ICOs more responsible when raising money and backup their progress with milestones. DAICO also take some features from DAO such as automation, decentralization and refund option.

E

What is ERC20?

ERC20 is the standard protocol that is used on Ethereum network for issuing tokens. ERC20 stands for “Ethereum Request for Comments.” On Ethereum network, it is used by ICOs to release their tokens and maintain the standard of trading and managing assets. dApps also use these tokens to fuel its economy.

What is Ether?

Ether fuels the Ethereum platform. It is the token that makes transactions, actions or other activities possible on the Ethereum blockchain. dApps also require ether to function in the network. Ether was initially sold to investors in crowdsale. It can also be mined by miners who provides computational power to the transactions and help them validate. Also, 12% of the created ether was given to Ethereum foundations to build the ecosystem and grow it in the right direction. Currently, there is a finite supply of Ether, and it uses Proof of Work(PoW) method for validating transactions.

What is Ethereum?

Ethereum is the success of Bitcoin and is an open source platform using blockchain technology. The unique selling point of Ethereum is the ability to create smart contracts and develop, deploy and maintain decentralized applications(dApps). Ether is used as a native token to fuel the platform. This means it is used primarily for miners rewards and transaction fees. It can also be used for other services offered by dApps.

What is Ethereum Classic?

Ethereum Classic(ETC) is a cryptocurrency that came into existence after the hard fork of Ethereum blockchain. It happened after the big Ethereum Decentralized Autonomous Organization(DAO) hack. It was a hard fork which means that it carried the properties of the original Ethereum chain. This is done to protect the interest of the community. After the hack, there were two forces: one against the fork and other for the fork.

What is Ethereum Gas?

Ethereum Gas is used as the basic unit of computation effort for executing transactions on Ethereum blockchain platform. If a transaction takes place, then there is some transaction fee associated with it. The amount of transaction fees is calculated according to the GAS value at the time of the transaction. There is Gas Limit and Gas Price associated with it. Gas Limit is there for protecting unintended expenditure. Also, it protects the network from becoming too congested. Gas limit, when multiplied with the gas price, calculates the transaction fee(TX).

F

Definition of Fiat

Fiat is the legal money issued by the government. It is also known as “legal tender.” By legal tender, it means that Fiat is the only currency that can be used to buy, sell or trade goods using it. Other types of currencies are not valid. In some states and countries, cryptocurrencies are also declared as “legal tender.” However, it is not same in other countries. Many countries have also banned cryptocurrencies. Government and the market conditions control the value of the fiat. Example of fiat include Yen, US dollar, Euro, Pound, etc.

What FOMO means?

FOMO stands for Fear of Missing Out. It is a popular word used in cryptocurrency community. It happens with an individual when he takes a decision based on fear. The fear is basically on missing out on the opportunity of making a profit when a crypto coin rises. It can also happen due to rumors or news spread through social media accounts. One of the best examples would be Bitcoin. It rose from just $1000 to $19,000 in the year 2017. The new investors who do not understand the emotion of FOMO invested when it was around all-time-high. Now, most of them are stuck with their investment. FOMO is ubiquitous among newbie traders, and even veterans are not free from this emotion.

Definition of FUD

FUD stands for Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt. FUD in crypto means the fear, uncertainty, and doubt about a crypto coin or the community as a whole. Big market crashes happen due to FUD as people sell off in groups and listen to bad advice that is spread through the social media. One of the biggest FUD that we keep hearing is that Bitcoin is a Bubble. It is used multiple times in media and still, people fall for this. In short, the negative news can induce FUD and have the capability to crash the market.

G

What is Genesis Block?

The blockchain is composed of blocks. The first block of that said blockchain is known as genesis block. It is numbered 0. It is also hardcoded so that no changes can be made once it is released. The idea of Genesis Block came into existence in the Bitcoin white paper. The first Genesis Block of Bitcoin contained 50 bitcoins.

H

What is HashGraph?

HashGraph is a directed acyclic graph which has the properties of distributed ledger technology. It is different from blockchain. Also, it solves many problems that blockchain has. For example, it is more secure, faster and fair to its users. It can easily be termed as “new generation blockchain.”

What is HyperLedger?

HyperLedger is a blockchain project that is managed by Linux Foundations. It is open source and aims to bring collaborative effort from all major blockchain players in the market for the improvement of blockchain technology. The executive director of the project, Brian Behlendorf also added that HyperLedger would not have any tokens as it will make them lose focus on the improvement of blockchain ecosystem facilitated by cross-industry reach.

Definition of HODL

HODL stand for “HOLD” in cryptocurrency. It is an extremely popular term in the cryptocurrency community. The term originated when a user in Bitcointalk forum, spelled it HOLD as HODL in 2013. The guy name was GameKyuubi and at that time Bitcoin was dropping badly. Despite the bad fall, he came forward and said that he would hold and suggested others to hold to their coins as well. It was a mistake by GameKyuubi, but it soon became popular among the community members and they use it to convey the idea of holding. Now, it has a humorous backronym which reads as “Hold on for dear life.”

I – Blockchain Definitions

What is an ICO?

ICO stands for Initial coin offering. It is used by startups or businesses to raise funds by selling their token to the investors. ICO’s may sound similar to Initial Public Offering(IPOs), but they work differently. Generally, ICO’s are unregulated and have more risk associated with it. To run a successful ICO, startups need to have a working product or an idea.

J

K

L

Definition of Lambo

Lambo is a crypto slang that is used to cryptocurrency traders and investors. It stands for “Lamborghini.” It is one of the fastest cars available at the time of writing.

M

What is Mainnet?

Technically, Mainnet can be defined as the blockchain that provides users the ability to send and receive digital currency. It brings the transaction functionality to the users. Moreover, it is different from testnet. Testnet only simulates the desired functionality. In other words, we can say that Mainnet is actual end product ready for real-world use.

N

What is NEO?

NEO (initially known as AntShares) is a decentralized blockchain platform that is also known as “Chinese Ethereum.” It is open source and helps developers create powerful dApps taking advantage of the smart contracts 2.0. Moreover, developers don’t have to learn any specific language to develop dApps on the platform. The consensus algorithm used on the NEO blockchain uses DBFT, also known as, Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance. It is incredibly efficient and can easily support 10,000 transactions per second. It is also efficient when it comes to energy consumption. GAS is also an essential part of the NEO ecosystem.

O

P

What are Penny Cryptocurrencies?

Penny cryptocurrencies are those coins that are valued less than a dollar. Yes, you read it right. This category came into significance from penny stocks. They also hold a lot of value in the current cryptocurrency market as they have the highest chance of going big. Buying a penny cryptocurrency can be a good strategic move only if the coin meets standards of a good currency.

What is PoS?

Proof-of-Stake(PoS) is yet another consensus algorithm. The nodes in a PoS powered blockchain stake coins. The more coins are staked, the higher chances that the node will be picked for making the consensus decision. This requires little to no energy to power. Hence, PoS seems to be the new way of handling consensus among the new blockchain platforms. NEO, EOS, and Ethereum(soon) are using Proof-of-Stake.

What is POW?

Proof-of-Work(PoW) is a popular consensus algorithm used in blockchain network. For example, Bitcoin uses it. PoW works by assigning a block to the miners and then waiting for the computational puzzle to be solved by them. It requires computational power to do so. If succeeded, the miner is rewarded in the blockchain’s token or coin value. PoW is not efficient and requires a lot of power consumption. This also makes it not nature-friendly.

What is a Private Blockchain?

A private blockchain is created for the use of specific people that belongs to an organization or a group. It is maintained and developed by the private organization, and they have complete authority on the use of consensus algorithm and how minting works. Also, the access to the blockchain is decided by the organization. The only difference here is the central authority control over the blockchain. Ripple is an excellent example of the private blockchain.

What is a Private key?

The concept of private and public key is used to ensure that transactions made on blockchain are secure. A private key is used to encrypt and decrypt the messages sent from one user to another. Private keys in cryptocurrency are also used to access wallet and initiate a transaction on the blockchain. As a user, you should never tell anyone your private key and should always keep it in a safe and secure place.

What is a Public Blockchain?

Public Blockchain is a blockchain type is available for everyone. A centralized entity does not control them as in a private blockchain. This means everyone can participate, retrieve data, see nodes and do other activities that are related to the blockchain. They are truly “public.” Some of the key examples of public blockchain include Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and others.

Q

R

S

What is Satoshi?

Satoshi is the smallest unit of Bitcoin that is recorded on the blockchain. It is currently named after the original creator of Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto. As it is the smallest unit, it can be used to display the value of any coin. Both traders and investors also calculate the value in terms of Satoshi. Exchanges too also list the price of the other coins in Satoshi because of the coin/BTC pair.

Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?

Satoshi Nakamoto is the pseudonym behind the creator of the Bitcoin in 2009. He drafted the first whitepaper of Bitcoin and introduced the concept of blockchain to the world. No one knows who Satoshi Nakamoto is. Many speculate that he is not a single person, but an entity or an organization with a specific motive. He was genius and was fluent in English. The true identity of Satoshi Nakamoto is unknown, and we hope that he comes forward and tells the world about his identity.

What is a Smart Contract?

Smart contract acts as legal tender on blockchain that is completely automated through code. This means that it follows a specific rule that is pre-defined by its creator which cannot be changed or altered. It is generally used for automating tasks such as fund transfers, verifications, and so on. It is also known as “smart legal contract” and “crypto contract” or “smart contract code.” One of the most excellent examples includes smart contracts developed by ICOs for automating the process of token sale.

What is a Security Token?

A security token is a token that acts as a security and doesn’t have usability at the time of its release. It is primarily aimed at investors and is a tradable asset. Many ICOs also release security tokens in the hope that they will raise funds from the market. Security tokens have to meet federal security regulations to be in circulations. This is done to ensure that that the ICOs that use security tokens for raising funds are legit.

T – Blockchain Definitions

What is a Token?

Token or Crypto token is just another synonym for cryptocurrencies or altcoins. However, they are all different. Crypto token is a subset of cryptocurrency(superset). They act as an asset or utility and reside on their own blockchain. For example, EOS, Ripple, etc. are tokens. Tokens also have real-world usage. For example, a video publishing website can use tokens to grant viewers time. There are two types of tokens that you can find: Utility token and Security Token.

U

What is Utility Token?

Utility token is token that has a utility attached to it. They are used for accessing a product or service(at the current time or in future). Utility tokens are released by startups to raise funds through ICOs. One of the examples of Utility token includes Basic Attention Token(BAT). It is a utility token that works in the Brave browser ecosystem. Utility tokens are not aimed for investment. However, they work just fine in ICOs where an investor buys it in the hope that its value will increase shortly.

V

W

Definition of a Whale

Whales are individuals, entities or organizations with extremely high net-worth. They hold a significant part of the cryptocurrency and can easily manipulate or change the market overnight. There are different types of whales in the market. For example, Bitcoin whale that can manipulate the Bitcoin price.

What is a Whitepaper?

White Paper in cryptocurrencies can be defined as the document issued by the project that contains all the detailed description of their plan and what they are trying to achieve. It is aimed at the entities that are directly or indirectly connected with the project. In cryptocurrencies, it is mainly used for showcasing the project value to the investors and also have a vision in hand of what the project owners want to achieve in the long run.

X

Y

Z

#0-9

What is 51% Attack?

51% attack is a common vulnerability with blockchain technology. To carry out the attack, 51% of the network needs to be controlled by a group of miners or an individual. It means that 51% of the computational power aka mining hash rate needs to be under their control. Once done, the attackers can double spend, create new transactions and hence make new cryptocurrency. They can also halt transactions and also prevent new transactions. XVG, a popular cryptocurrency has already got comprised by 51% attack three times in the last couple of months. This was the last definition in our blockchain glossary. We continue updating this Blockchain Glossary so stay tuned.

Blockchain Definitions – Next Steps

We are currently in the process of adding more terms to our list of blockchain definitions. Also, it would be great if you can share the “Ultimate Blockchain Glossary” guide to your peers so that they can learn at their own pace. If we missing any important blockchain definition in this glossary, please comment below and we will add.