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Information processing is separated from information input and output. Data input and output (exchanging with external memory as well) is controlled by special devices cold channels orinput/output processors

Execution of instructions is controlled by hardware. Previously, execution of complex and long instructions were realized using principle of microprogramming: every instruction was realized by sequence of microcommands (microcommand is analog of instruction at lower level; as the program consists of a sequence of instructions, soinstruction consists of a sequence of microcommands). Microprogramms are usefull in realizationof complex and rarely used instructions.

Instructions should be easilydecoded. During decoding of instructions there are determined what resources they need, what operations should be executed, where are data to be processed. Therefore, the number of formats used for instructions encoding is reduced, the same instruction word length will be used, reducing the number of fields is reduced as well

Processor should have a large number ofregisters. A large number of registers (at least 32) helps to reduce the number of memory read and write operations (storing intermediate results in registers). As the access to memory requires much more time than the access to register, registers use significantly increases processor productivity