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The loss of the ability to concentrate radioiodine and produce thyroglobulin is a sign of dedifferentiation, which occurs in about 30% of patients with persistent or recurrent thyroid cancer.

Part 2, which will appear in next month's issue, covers risk assessment and staging, findings that suggest the presence of aggressive tumors, recurrent/metastatic disease, and the value of treatment with chemotherapy and external-beam radiotherapy.

Here, we show that treatment of VSMCs with ATRA resulted in significant inhibition of proliferation and migration of VSMCs, as well as up-regulation of KLF4 and the VSMC differentiation marker genes SM22alpha and SM alpha-actin (alpha-SMA).

At the same time, the KLF4 target gene p53 was up-regulated, while the VSMC dedifferentiation marker gene nonmuscle myosin heavy chain-B (SMemb) was down-regulated.

Thus, our data suggest that KLF4 is required for the expression of VSMC differentiation marker genes induced by ATRA and that this transcription factor is one of the key mediators of retinoid actions in VSMCs.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Being a marker of metabolically active lesions that show high grading and low differentiation, FDG is not ideal for this purpose since the majority of endocrine tumours are slow growing and highly differentiated.

It is however useful when dedifferentiation takes place and provides excellent prognostic information.

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Homeostasis of stratified epithelia, such as the epidermis of the skin, is a sophisticated process that represents a tightly controlled balance between proliferation and differentiation.

Taps mRNA and protein are restricted to stratified epithelia in mouse embryos and adult tissues, implicating a crucial role for this aspartic proteinase-like gene in differentiation and homeostasis of multilayered epithelia.

However, its expression is negatively associated with dedifferentiation and malignant progression in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

To define cell differentiation changes associated with pancreatic regeneration in adult mice, we compared regeneration following caerulein-induced pancreatitis to that of normal pancreatic development.

Although previous studies have suggested a process of acino-to-ductal transdifferentiation in pancreatic regeneration, we find no evidence to suggest that dedifferentiated cells acquire a ductal fate during this process.

13. Pluchino S, Zanotti L, Brini E, Ferrari S, Martino G: Regeneration and repair in multiple sclerosis: the role of cell transplantation.Neurosci Lett; 2009 Jun 12;456(3):101-6[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Cells play a critical role in reparative regeneration as regenerating structures (cells or tissues) depend on the proliferation without (de)differentiation of parenchymal cells surviving to the injury, proliferation of stem (progenitor) cells resident in the injured tissue, dedifferentiation of mature cells in the remaining tissue, or by the influx of stem cells originating outside the damaged tissue.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The dedifferentiated form of the tumor was confirmed in 10 (13%) cases.

Ultrastructural data on the components of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma are first presented in the Russian literature.

Radical surgery remains to be the method of choice in treating patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma; however, the capabilities of multidrug therapy and irradiation should not be ignored in this form of the tumor.

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(PMID = 19514360.001).

[ISSN] 0004-1955

[Journal-full-title] Arkhiv patologii

[ISO-abbreviation] Arkh. Patol.

[Language] rus

[Publication-type] English Abstract; Lectures

[Publication-country] Russia (Federation)

18. Germain S, Collette F: Dissociation of perceptual and motor inhibitory processes in young and elderly participants using the Simon task.J Int Neuropsychol Soc; 2008 Nov;14(6):1014-21[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

These results can be interpreted by considering that a dedifferentiation process is responsible for the inhibitory deficits presented by older participants.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

When this occurs, origin of this unusual tumor type has been the subject of debate in the literature, with a suggestion that previously reported cases may be more correctly described as renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid dedifferentiation.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a rare, poorly understood and often fatal sarcoma that usually manifests as a high grade, non-cartilage-producing sarcoma juxtaposed against a low grade chondrosarcoma.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

When mature adipocytes are subjected to an in vitro dedifferentiation strategy referred to as ceiling culture, these mature adipocytes can revert to a more primitive phenotype and gain cell proliferative ability.

We refer to these cells as dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells.

In the present study, we examined the multilineage differentiation potential of DFAT cells.

In vitro differentiation analysis revealed that DFAT cells could differentiate into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts under appropriate culture conditions.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

In this article, we supplement the few published articles by describing the clinical and pathologic features of pleomorphic and dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma from 41 patients (27 women and 14 men) with an age range of 25 to 75 years (mean, 56.5 years), representing the largest cohort reported to date.

Based on staining for muscle markers in the pleomorphic component, twenty-three cases were designated as pleomorphic leiomyosarcoma, and 7 cases were designated as dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma (negative for all muscle markers used).

Eleven cases, in which tissue was not available for immunhistochemical stains, the question of pleomorphic versus dedifferentiated leiomyosarcoma could not be answered.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Disease severity correlated with underactivation and decreased distance between right hand and lip representations.

In the right putamen, ipsilateral to the affected hand, the somatotopic organization was not altered but disease severity also correlated with reduced distances between limbs.

CONCLUSION: In dystonia there may be a dedifferentiation of the normally segregated cortico-subcortical sensorimotor maps in the putamen, which may contribute to the loss of functional selectivity of muscle activity observed in these dystonic subjects.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role for Zeb1 in EMT leading to the dedifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells.

METHODS: Real-time PCR was used to examine mRNA expression during RPE dedifferentiation in primary cultures of RPE cells from Zeb1(+/-) mice and after knockdown of Zeb1 by lentivirus shRNA.

RESULTS: Zeb1 is overexpressed during RPE dedifferentiation.

Heterozygous mutation or shRNA knockdown to prevent this overexpression eliminates the onset of proliferation, loss of epithelial morphology, and pigment, which characterizes RPE dedifferentiation.

The authors link Zeb1 expression to cell-cell contact and demonstrate that forcing dedifferentiated RPE cells to adopt cell-cell only contacts via sphere formation reverses the overexpression of Zeb1 and reprograms RPE cells back to a pigmented phenotype.

CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of the EMT transcription factor Zeb1 has an important role in RPE dedifferentiation via its regulation of Mitf.

Expression of Zeb1 and, in turn, RPE dedifferentiation, is linked to cell-cell contact, and these contacts can be used to diminish Zeb1 expression and reprogram dedifferentiated RPE cells.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

RESULTS: Among the 30 patients (median age 50 years) there were 22 conventional chondrosarcomas, two dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas, two extraskeletal chondrosarcomas, and one periostal, mesenchymal, clear cell and myxoid chondrosarcoma each.

Although hepatocytes dedifferentiated with loss of apical polarity and other hepatocyte markers, they rapidly activated expression of bile duct/oval cell markers.

Furthermore, they can participate in liver regeneration in albumin-urokinase-type plasminogen activator/severe combined immune-deficient mice, where they differentiate in clusters of hepatocytes and occasionally bile ducts.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether immunostaining for smoothelin could help distinguish smooth muscle neoplasms from their morphologic mimics, particularly KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), desmin-positive GISTs, and desmoid fibromatosis.

These findings suggest that the extent and pattern of smoothelin expression may help differentiate between benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract, and may be useful in distinguishing leiomyomas from KIT-negative and/or desmin-positive GISTs.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Data mining shows (i) that EK1.Br retain the characteristic transcriptional fingerprint of keratocytes in vitro (ii) that this phenotype can be distinguished from those of other 'fibroblasts' by groups of highly differentially expressed genes and (iii) that senescence induces a distinct dedifferentiation phenomenon in EK1.Br.

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(PMID = 19087878.001).

[ISSN] 1096-0007

[Journal-full-title] Experimental eye research

[ISO-abbreviation] Exp. Eye Res.

[Language] eng

[Grant] United Kingdom / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council / / EGH16151

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

[Publication-country] England

32. Kojiro M: Histopathology of liver cancers.Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol; 2005 Feb;19(1):39-62[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The most valuable information is that in the majority of cases HCC arises as a very well differentiated cancer and proliferates with a stepwise process of dedifferentiation.

However, as many HCCs are still detected at an advanced stage, it is also important to understand not only the classical pathologic features of HCC but also unusual features such as scirrhous change, sarcomatous change, fibrolamellar variant, and intra-bile duct or intra-atrial tumor growth.

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(PMID = 15757804.001).

[ISSN] 1521-6918

[ISO-abbreviation] Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] England

[Number-of-references] 90

33. Lopez-Garcia MA, Palacios J: Pathologic and molecular features of uterine carcinosarcomas.Semin Diagn Pathol; 2010 Nov;27(4):274-86[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Although the diagnosis of UCS is not difficult in most cases, the differential diagnosis may include entities such as undifferentiated or dedifferentiated carcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma with spindle cell elements, sarcomatous overgrowth in a low-grade müllerian adenosarcoma, and pure malignant mesenchymal tumors.

The degree of morphologic overlap with small cell carcinoma of the bladder, a relatively more common round cell tumor in adults, was striking.

The epithelial component of the sarcomatoid carcinoma was high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation.

Outcome data were available in 4 cases, and all 4 died of disease (1, 4, 8, and 8 mo).

In conclusion, (1) RMS of the urinary bladder in adults more commonly presents as a primitive round blue cell neoplasm that has significant morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap with small cell carcinoma of the bladder. (2) Although RMS in children generally have a botryoid embryonal histology with favorable outcome, bladder RMS in adults frequently demonstrates alveolar or unclassified histology, commonly with anaplasia, and have a uniformly aggressive clinical course.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Mice lacking both miR-143 and miR-145 are viable and do not display overt abnormalities in smooth muscle differentiation, although they show a significant reduction in blood pressure due to reduced vascular tone.

[Publication-country] United States

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2751981

36. Suzuki Y, Squires DC, Riddiford LM: Larval leg integrity is maintained by Distal-less and is required for proper timing of metamorphosis in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum.Dev Biol; 2009 Feb 1;326(1):60-7[Fulltext service] Download fulltext PDF of this article and others, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Apparently, the partial dedifferentiation of the appendages in these larvae acts to maintain high JH and, hence, prevents metamorphosis.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

However, nephrotic syndrome and FSGS were observed recently in three patients who received sirolimus de novo, without medical history of primary FSGS or CAN.

Markers of podocyte differentiation were studied in kidney biopsies of the three patients who received sirolimus de novo and of five patients who switched to sirolimus.

Immunohistochemistry showed that some podocytes in FSGS lesions had absent or diminished expression of the podocyte-specific epitopes synaptopodin and p57, reflecting dedifferentiation, and had acquired expression of cytokeratin and PAX2, reflecting a immature fetal phenotype.

This implies that the uremic mileau may lead to dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, with subsequent mineralization.

Further understanding of the pathophysiology of uremic vascular calcification is needed to design effective therapeutic strategies to intervene with this devastating condition in patients with stage V chronic kidney disease.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

However, little is known about how RSVL affects vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) differentiation.

Thus, one might expect that RSVL will promote VSMC differentiation.

In an effort to identify the molecular mechanisms whereby RSVL represses VSMC differentiation, we found that RSVL inhibits the transcription of Myocardin (myocd) and Srf, the key VSMC transcriptional regulators.

However, knockingdown and overexpressing p53 did not affect RSVL-induced VSMCs phenotypic modulation: this suggests that RSVL may induce VSMC dedifferentiation via p53-independent mechanisms.

This study provides the first evidence showing that RSVL induces VSMC dedifferentiation by regulating Myocardin and SRF-mediated VSMC gene transcription.

[Publication-country] Netherlands

[Other-IDs] NLM/ NIHMS231778; NLM/ PMC3155942

40. Bi D, Nishimura J, Niiro N, Hirano K, Kanaide H: Contractile properties of the cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: the crucial role played by RhoA in the regulation of contractility.Circ Res; 2005 Apr 29;96(8):890-7[Fulltext service] Download fulltext PDF of this article and others, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have a remarkable degree of plasticity and in response to vascular injury, they can change to a dedifferentiated state that can be typically seen in cell cultures.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The state of dedifferentiation is evidenced by changes in cell morphology, genome organization, as well as by the capability of protoplasts to differentiate into multiple types of cells (depending on the type of the stimulus applied).

The first change in the genome structure is connected with large-scale chromatin decondensation, affecting chromocentres involving various types of these repetitive sequences.

This paper describes not only the de- and recondensation of satellite DNA type I and 5S rDNA repetitive sequences, but it also compares the recondensation level of chromatin with the levels of oxidative stress which were decreased by using an antioxidant, as well as the capabilities of the antioxidative systems within protoplasts, during the first 72 h of their culture.

Of the well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas, 100% showed amplification of MDM2.

The specificity decreases in high-grade sarcomas, as MDM2 amplification was observed in a small portion of pleomorphic sarcomas and high-grade sarcomas other than dedifferentiated liposarcomas.

Importantly, none of the benign lipomatous lesions were MDM2 amplified and even cells in areas of well-differentiated liposarcomas with minimal cytologic atypia were amplified, making the probe a valuable tool in the diagnosis of even limited biopsy samples of well-differentiated lipomatous neoplasms.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Variability of origin for the neocentromeric sequences in analphoid supernumerary marker chromosomes of well-differentiated liposarcomas.

Well-differentiated liposarcomas (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcomas are cytogenetically characterized by the presence of supernumerary ring or giant chromosomes containing amplified material from the 12q14-15 region.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The predominant components of immature teratoma consisted of several types of tissue that represented different germinal layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) and showed varying degrees of differentiation with significant sarcomatous components.

[ISO-abbreviation] World J. Gastroenterol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] China

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2816282

48. Legraverend M, Grierson DS: The purines: potent and versatile small molecule inhibitors and modulators of key biological targets.Bioorg Med Chem; 2006 Jun 15;14(12):3987-4006[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Purine-based compounds have found new applications as inducers of interferon and lineage-committed cell dedifferentiation, agonists and antagonists of adenosine receptors, ligands of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors, and as inhibitors of HSP90, Src kinase, p38alpha MAP kinase, sulfotransferases, phosphodiesterases, and Cdks.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Based on the heterogeneous expression of nestin in GBM and its potential to serve as a marker for a dedifferentiated, and perhaps more aggressive phenotype, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) sought to determine the prognostic value of nestin expression in newly diagnosed GBM patients treated on prior prospective RTOG clinical trials.

[Other-IDs] NLM/ PMC2563009

52. Padron Velazquez JL: Stem cell fusion as an ultimate line of defense against xenobiotics.Med Hypotheses; 2006;67(2):383-7[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

If the many sophisticated mechanisms of metabolism, cell repair, programmed cell death and tissue regeneration should fail, stem cells might represent a final attempt to recover dedifferentiated cells to avoid inflowing in cancer.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The presence of pleomorphic tumor giant cells in thyroid carcinomas of follicular cell origin is always worrisome for the pathologist as they first of all refer to anaplastic carcinoma, one of the most aggressive human malignancies.

However, non-anaplastic pleomorphic giant cells are well described in other thyroid diseases, most often benign.

In this paper, we describe four cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma displaying pleomorphic tumor giant cells with features that differ from those of anaplastic carcinoma.

Compared to pleomorphic giant cells of anaplastic carcinoma, they reproduced the growth pattern of the underlying carcinoma, had a low mitotic index without necrosis or inflammation, and were reactive with thyroglobulin and thyroid-specific transcription factor-1 and strongly and diffusely positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3.

These cases show that pleomorphic tumor giant cells arising in papillary thyroid carcinomas do not always represent dedifferentiation and progression to anaplastic carcinoma.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

In addition, a subpopulation of anti-BrdU-labeled cells, presumably once Müller cells, appears to stop expressing well accepted Müller cell marker proteins, suggesting a potential dedifferentiation of some of these cells over time.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Overexpression of SRC1 and PGC1alpha by recombinant adenoviruses led to a significant up-regulation of well characterized HNF4alpha-dependent genes (ApoCIII, ApoAV, PEPCK, AldoB, OTC, and CYP7A1) and forced HepG2 cells toward a more differentiated phenotype as demonstrated by increased ureogenic rate.

The down-regulation of key HNF4alpha coactivators could be a determinant factor for the dedifferentiation of human hepatomas.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The calcified mass was surgically resected and histopathologically diagnosed as myxoid-type liposarcoma composed of dedifferentiated, myxoid, and well-differentiated components with areas of osseous metaplasia.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

(1) the oral primordium for the proter originates de novo on the dorsal wall of the buccal cavity, and the dedifferentiated undulating membranes and some parental proximal membranelles join in the primordial development; the old adoral zone will be partly replaced by new structures;.

(3) the fronto-midventral transverse cirral (FVT) anlagen develop separately in both dividers by dedifferentiation of most of the midventral cirri;.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

To investigate whether thyroid tumor-derived cell lines are representative in vitro models, characteristics of eight of those cell lines were investigated with microarrays, differentiation markers, and karyotyping.

Our results indicate that these cell lines derived from differentiated and undifferentiated tumor types have evolved in vitro into similar phenotypes with gene expression profiles the closest to in vivo undifferentiated tumors.

Accordingly, the absence of expression of most thyrocyte-specific genes, the nonresponsiveness to thyrotropin, as well as their large number of chromosomal abnormalities, suggest that these cell lines have acquired characteristics of fully dedifferentiated cells.

They represent the outcome of an adaptation and evolution in vitro, which questions the reliability of these cell lines as models for differentiated tumors.

However, they may represent useful models for undifferentiated cancers, and by their comparison with differentiated cells, can help to define the genes involved in the differentiation/dedifferentiation process.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Kinetin which was isolated 50 years ago for the first time as a plant hormone, as well as other cytokinins isopentenyladenine, zeatin and benzylaminopurine induce callus (clusters of dedifferentiated plant cells) to redifferentiate into adventitious buds.

Because of some similarities in the biological phenotypes of cancer and callus cells, cytokinins and especially kinetin, affect the differentiation of human cells through a common signal transduction system.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Review

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 42

72. Halloran PF: T cell-mediated rejection of kidney transplants: a personal viewpoint.Am J Transplant; 2010 May;10(5):1126-34[Fulltext service] Download fulltext PDF of this article and others, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Local inflammation triggers dedifferentiation of the adjacent epithelium (e.g. loss of transporters and expression of embryonic genes) rather than cell death, via mechanisms that do not require known T-cell cytotoxic mechanisms or direct contact of T cells with the epithelium.

Local epithelial changes trigger a response of the entire nephron and a second wave of dedifferentiation.

The dedifferentiated epithelium is unable to exclude T cells, which enter to produce tubulitis lesions.

Thus TCMR is a cognate recognition-based process that creates local inflammation and epithelial dedifferentiation, stereotyped nephron responses, and tubulitis, and if untreated causes irreversible nephron loss.

[Journal-full-title] American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons

[ISO-abbreviation] Am. J. Transplant.

[Language] eng

[Publication-country] United States

[Number-of-references] 58

73. Tirabosco R, De Maglio G, Skrap M, Falconieri G, Pizzolitto S: Expression of the Polycomb-Group protein BMI1 and correlation with p16 in astrocytomas an immunohistochemical study on 80 cases.Pathol Res Pract; 2008;204(9):625-31[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BMI1, the prototype PcG gene, is critically involved in cell cycle control and differentiation, and despite the regulatory role demonstrated in central nervous system (CNS) development, its implication in brain tumorigenesis is scarcely known.

However, when the 22 BMI1 + /p16+ tumors were examined cytologically, a substantial proportion contained a significant gemistocytic component, which is thought to be an adverse prognostic factor or to display a high degree of anaplasia, suggesting a common molecular mechanism of BMI1/p16 pathway disruption, which may have prognostic implications.

74. D'Agati VD: The spectrum of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: new insights.Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens; 2008 May;17(3):271-81[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Onset of myelination in Schwann cells is governed by several transcription factors, including Krox20/Egr2, and mutations affecting Krox20 result in various human hereditary peripheral neuropathies, including congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy (CHN) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT).

In the latter case, specific inactivation of Krox20 in adult Schwann cells results in severe demyelination, involving rapid Schwann cell dedifferentiation and increased proliferation, followed by an attempt to remyelinate and a block at the promyelinating stage.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Furthermore, positivity for CD10 was found both in sbACC and in SCC, supporting the hypothesis that the two components share the same histogenetic myoepithelial origin and represent an example of dedifferentiation along neuroendocrine phenotype lines occurring in a multipotential neoplastic stem line, already committed towards a myoepithelial phenotype.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Temporary dedifferentiation of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) by treatment with an inhibitor of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor signalling pathway (LTbetaR-Ig) 3 days before or 14 days after inoculation via the skin, blocked the early accumulation of PrP(Sc) and TSE infectivity within the draining lymph node.

Furthermore, in the temporary absence of FDCs before inoculation, disease susceptibility was reduced and survival time significantly extended.

Treatment with LTbetaR-Ig 14 days after TSE inoculation also significantly extended the disease incubation period.

However, treatment 42 days after inoculation did not affect disease susceptibility or survival time, suggesting that the infection may have already have spread to the nervous system.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

However, the mouse and sheep tumors have not been carefully compared to determine if Env expression alone in mice can account for the disease features observed in sheep, or whether additional aspects of virus replication in sheep are important, such as oncogene activation following retrovirus integration into the host cell genome.

Mouse and sheep tumors consisted mainly of well-differentiated adenomatous foci with little histological evidence of anaplasia, but at long times after vector exposure some mouse tumors did have a more malignant appearance typical of adenocarcinoma.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The culture of chondrocytes is one of the most powerful tools for exploring the intracellular and molecular features of chondrocyte differentiation and activation.

However, chondrocytes tend to dedifferentiate into fibroblasts when they are subcultured, which is a major problem.

This protocol, involving primary cultures to limit dedifferentiation, describes two different methods for culturing chondrocytes of different anatomical origins (articular and costal chondrocytes, both of which represent hyaline cartilage) from mice.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The obtained data allow suggesting that the postischemic activation of astrocytes is accompanied by their acquistition of properties characteristic of immature cells of the nervous tissue; however, the absence of morphological signs of dedifferentiation does not permit these cells to be considered responsible for reparational neurogenesis in hippocampus.

[Publication-country] Russia (Federation)

82. Zwickl H, Niculescu-Morzsa E, Nehrer S: Investigation of Collagen Transplants Seeded with Human Autologous Chondrocytes at the Time of Transplantation.Cartilage; 2010 Jul;1(3):194-9[Fulltext service] Download fulltext PDF of this article and others, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

However, chondrocytes showed collagen I mRNA expression partially far exceeding that of collagen II, indicating a rather dedifferentiated cellular status.

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The presence of spindle cells may mask the melanocytic nature of a lesion, and is often disconcerting, either because of its infrequent appearance in a particular lesion or its interpretation as a dedifferentiated phenotype.

Spindle cell melanocytic lesions follow the full spectrum of potential biological outcomes, and difficulty may be experienced judging the nature of a lesion because of a lack of consistently reliable features to predict biological behaviour.

Over time, recognition of numerous histomorphological features that may portend a more aggressive lesion have been identified.

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METHODS: We used the cell line 8505c, originated from a thyroid tumor histologically characterized by anaplastic carcinoma cell features.

RESULTS: Orthotopic implantation with the 8505c cells produced thyroid tumors after 5 weeks, showing large neck masses, with histopathologic features of a high-grade neoplasm (anaplasia, necrosis, high mitotic and proliferative indexes, p53 positivity, extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node and distant metastases) and immunoprofile of follicular thyroid cell origin with positivity for thyroid transcription factor-1 and PAX8, and for cytokeratins.

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[Title] [Intracortical dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma].

During the staging examination of a 59-year-old patient referred to our clinic because of a squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, we also found a highly malignant intracortical dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the distal femur shaft.

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[Title] SMARCC1 expression is upregulated in prostate cancer and positively correlated with tumour recurrence and dedifferentiation.

In contrast, 20% of the specimens from patients with non-metastatic and non-recurrent disease showed moderate to marked staining.

In 31% of the patients with recurrent disease and in 31% of the patients with metastatic disease we found moderate to strong SMARCC1 immunostaining.

In a logistic regression analysis, patients with a marked SMARCC1 immunostaining had a significantly elevated odds ratio (OR) of 16 for recurrent cancer and an OR of 4.5 for metastatic disease.

Conclusions. Our present results demonstrate an increased expression of SMARCC1 protein in prostate cancer and reveal a positive correlation with tumour dedifferentiation, progression, metastasis and time to recurrence.

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(PMID = 16685513.001).

[ISSN] 0001-6322

[Journal-full-title] Acta neuropathologica

[ISO-abbreviation] Acta Neuropathol.

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

[Chemical-registry-number] 0 / Biomarkers, Tumor; 0 / beta Catenin

97. Serpell JW, Chen RY: Review of large deep lipomatous tumours.ANZ J Surg; 2007 Jul;77(7):524-9[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

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There are controversies regarding the histopathological diagnosis, nomenclature, diagnostic method, surgical management, roles of radiotherapy and the risk of metastasis, local recurrence and dedifferentiation.

RESULTS: Eleven deep lipomas, six deep atypical lipomas, four well-differentiated (lipoma-like) liposarcomas, three well-differentiated liposarcomas and four liposarcomas were studied.

Dedifferentiation occurred in one deep atypical lipoma, which transformed into a liposarcoma.

Key aspects in achieving a complete, but marginal resection of the deep atypical lipoma and the well-differentiated lipoma-like liposarcoma is accurate preoperative diagnosis with core biopsy and accurate imaging to assess deep unsuspected extensions of the tumour.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

In this study, assessment of the same matrix to prevent EC from dedifferentiation during in vitro culture and to promote endothelialization of biomaterials used for fabrication of cardiovascular implants is carried out.

Up/down regulation of m-RNA expression for a prothrombotic molecule-plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), and two antithrombotic molecules- nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) are chosen as the indicators of cell dedifferentiation during cell culture and passaging.

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CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that both the expression level and the level of MAPK- and/or PAK-mediated phosphorylation of CaD play key roles in regulating the cell motility by modulating the actin cytoskeleton stability in dedifferentiated vascular SMCs such as A7r5.

Similar results, with an increase in chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells could be detected, when the cells were loaded in three-dimensional matrices and subjected to cyclic, compressive load or low-intensity pulsed ultrasound.