Through many parts of the world, including the European Union and the United States, digital signing has been adopted as a way to implement electronic signatures that are considered legally binding. This article introduces digital signatures, digital certificates and the relationship between digital signatures and PKCS #7.

Encryption has become the most essential part of securing data online. The biggest headache to the Cybersecurity industry is a data breach. The last few years have seen an increase in hacking and exposure of confidential data to individuals or cyber criminals. Lack of data protection or data encryption has been one of the major reasons behind such security breaches.

Recently, a healthcare industry data breach occurred because the company stored Social Security Numbers of 80 million customers without encrypting them. The subsequent paragraphs suggest a set of best practices that can help to improve the level of cyber security in eGovernment transactions.

Under pressure from sophisticated attacks and rising fraud, many B2C organisations of the financial industry are currently enhancing the static password based authentication to their web applications to something stronger - the 2FA age. 2-Factor Authentication (2FA) is currently achieving large scale deployments and consumer adoption where PKI failed a few years ago.

From a technical standpoint, PKI offers significant benefits including the possibility to sign tran