Minerals • Ore: deposit that contains enough metal that we can extract economically. • Most metals are found in minerals. • Names of minerals are usually based on the location of their discovery. • Other minerals are named after their colors: malachite comes from the Greek malache (the name of the tree with very green leaves). • Most important ores are oxide, sulfide and carbonates.

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METALLURGY Metallurgy is the process of obtaining a metal from its ores. Ore is a natural deposit containing the metal. Gangue is the undesirable material in the ore, e.g. sand, clay.

Metallurgy • Metallurgy is the science and technology of extracting metals from minerals. • There are five important steps: – Mining (getting the ore out of the ground); – Concentrating (preparing it for further treatment); – Reduction (to obtain the free metal in the zero oxidation state); – Refining (to obtain the pure metal); and – Mixing with other metals (to form an alloy).

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