Growing perennials from seed gives you the chance to start literally hundreds of plants from one package of seeds. Most perennial seeds don’t germinate very successfully when planted outside. By starting the seeds indoors, you can create an artificial environment to meet their needs.

You can grow perennials indoors any time of the year. But if you start them in late winter or early spring, the seedlings are usually large enough to go into the garden by early summer. For best results, plant seeds outside at the time of year recommended on the seed packet. Some seeds need cool weather to sprout, and some need hot.

1Fill your containers with potting mix to within 1⁄2 inch (1 cm) of the top; pat the mix down lightly to press out air pockets.

The mixture is wet enough if you can form a handful of it into a ball, but too wet if it drips. Suitable containers are anything potting soil and seed can fit into. Run your containers through the dishwasher or wash them in a weak solution of household chlorine bleach. Poke holes in the bottom and sides so that excess water can drain away

2Using your forefinger and thumb, sprinkle the seeds over the surface of the potting mix.

As a general rule, use twice the number of seeds as the number of plants you hope to grow.

3Cover the seeds with dry potting mix according to the packet instructions, and then lightly spray mist the surface with water.

You don’t need to cover seeds smaller than grains of table salt; instead, use your fingertips to lightly press them into the soil.

4Label the container.

Write the name of the plant, the date you planted it, and any other information that you think may be useful.

5Cover the container with a lid, plastic wrap, or glass.

If the instructions tell you to exclude light, cover the container with aluminum foil instead of plastic wrap or glass.

6Place the seed containers on trays and set them on the stand under grow lights.

For those seeds that require heat, you can buy special heating cables to keep the trays warm if your location isn’t warm enough.

7Open the container and check the seeds every day.

If the potting soil starts to dry out, wet it with a couple of squirts from your misting spray bottle.

8When you see little green specks emerging from the soil, remove the lid and lower the grow light until it’s positioned a couple of inches above the seedlings.

Raise the light as your plants grow taller.

9Continue to water with the misting spray bottle until your seedlings start to form real leaves; then water from the bottom by placing the container in a sink filled with a couple of inches of lukewarm water.

The first pair of leaves that appear are seed leaves, not true leaves. Seed leaves feed the young plant until it can grow the real thing. When your seedlings grow four true leaves, transplant them to larger, individual containers.

10To transplant the seedlings, fill the new pots with damp potting mix and use a pencil to make a hole in the potting mix in each pot.

The hole should be deep enough to accommodate the seedling’s root system.

11Dump the seedling container gently onto your fingertips and then place the seeding clump upright on a tray.