Children must receive the sacrament of penance before they receive their
first communion, according to a letter sent to the world's bishops by the
Vatican Congregations for the Sacraments and Divine Worship and for the Clergy.
In the letter, dated March 31 but released May 19, the congregations say that in
spite of a 1973 declaration on this matter, it is apparent that "dissension
and doubts" still exist in some parts of the church regarding the order in
which children are to receive these sacraments. Thus, they say, it is necessary
to explain once again the "mind and force of this declaration," which
states that the 1910 decree of Pope Pius X, "Quam Singulari," is the
norm to be followed "everywhere and by all." Immediately below is the
text of the letter. It is followed by a brief, formal reply to an inquiry from a
religious institute - one of many such inquiries and requests the congregations
have received, the letter states.

Even though the declaration Sanctus Pontifex was published on May 24, 1973,
by both the Sacred Congregations for the Discipline of the Sacraments and for
the Clergy (cf. AAS 65, 1973, 410), nonetheless, in some parts of the
church and in some catechetical centers, dissension and doubts still remain
about the ecclesiastical discipline which regards children's receiving the
sacrament of penance before they receive their first communion.

Many inquiries and requests have come to this apostolic see from bishops,
from priests, and from parents. An apostolic religious institute which exercises
its ministry in many countries posed the question explicitly whether, after the
promulgation of the declaration, it was allowed, "as a general rule,"
to receive first communion without previous confession in those parishes in
which this had become common practice.

Moreover, recent information gathered by the Congregation of the Sacraments
and Divine Worship have proved the need of inculcating the church's norms
regarding these questions as well as the occasion for explaining once again, and
thus answering a felt need, the mind and force of this declaration. This is done
by giving an official reply to the question, which the religious institute had
proposed (cf. appendix).

It is certainly not necessary to explain the reason for publishing the decree
since all realize what grave disturbance was created by some opinions based on
psychological and pedagogical reasons, by which the traditional doctrine of the
church was almost overturned. However, one must keep in mind that, while before
the decree Quam Singulari (cf. AAS II Vol., p. 579), according to common
opinion, children who reached a certain age could be admitted to confession, but
not to receive communion, now on the other hand it is affirmed that children
could go to communion, but that it is not fitting to make confession precede
this sacrament.

Already according to the decree, Quam Singulari, the origin of that
regrettable custom was seen in not having defined the age of discretion for
receiving the sacrament: "The abuses which we censure spring from this,
that the age of discretion was not properly or correctly defined and that some
assign one age for confession, and another for the eucharist." For this
reason in n. I of the section of the decree that lays down dispositions, it is
decreed that there is only one age for these sacraments and that when it is
reached, the obligation begins of receiving both according to the designated
order i.e., confession before communion.

"The age of -discretion both for confession and for communion is the age
in which the child begins to reason, i.e. around the seventh year, either before
or after. From that time begins the obligation of satisfying both the precept of
confession and of communion." (Note: It is not necessary to add that the
strict obligation of confession should be understood according to the
traditional doctrine of the church.)

That confession should precede communion is clear from the order in which
these two sacraments are named in the decree, as well as from the fact that the
disapproved abuses regarded not the admission to confession but rather,
admission to holy communion.

The need for safeguarding and protecting worthy participation in the
eucharist has compelled the church to introduce a norm in her discipline and
pastoral practice that confession should precede communion and in this way the
right of the faithful - both of adults and children -to receive the sacrament of
reconciliation is recognized.

Moreover, St. Paul's admonition (cf. I Cor. 11, 28) truly establishes
a directing norm which regards even children. Therefore these also, before
receiving the holy eucharist, should examine themselves. But often the child is
not able to examine his conscience clearly and surely by himself. This will be
done more easily and safely if he avails himself of the help of a priest
confessor. In fact there are many children who feel troubled by small and
unimportant things while there are others who ignore and pass over more serious
faults.

The precept of Canon 854 of the Code of Canon Law in which the judgment about
the sufficient disposition for first communion belongs to the priest could not
be observed if the child did not go to confession before communion.

In this matter one must also keep in mind that many fine pastors have learned
from their catechetical and ministerial experience the great usefulness and
saving power which their first confession has in the life of children if it is
carefully prepared, properly adapted to their age and their capacity to perceive
spiritual things and carefully administered.

When he arrives at the age of discretion, the child has the right in the
church to receive both sacraments. It would be an absurd and unjust
discrimination and a violation of his conscience if he were prepared for and
admitted only to holy communion. It is not enough to say that children have the
right to go to confession if this right remains practically ignored.

When children are sufficiently instructed and are aware of the special nature
of these two sacraments, it will not be difficult for them to go first to the
sacrament of reconciliation which - in a simple but fundamental way - arouses in
them the awareness of moral good and evil and aids them to bring a more mature
disposition to their happy meeting with Christ. The basic persuasion about the
need of the greatest purity for receiving the eucharist worthily, if prudently
instilled in children right from the time of their first communion, will
accompany them for the rest of their lives and will lead to a greater esteem
for, and a more frequent use of, the sacrament of reconciliation.

The Roman Pontiff taught this in the letter he wrote through the Secretary of
State on the occasion of the 26th Liturgical Week celebrated in Florence:
"The Holy Father gives special consideration to the confession of children
and, especially the first confession, which should always precede their first
communion, even if they are fittingly separated by a period -of time. For from
that early ge should begin the preaching of penance which offers a more fervent
foundation later on for living faith both in receiving the sacrament as well as
in giving proper direction to one's Christian life. "

It can be observed that in many nations particular conditions of society and
culture are not a legitimate reason for establishing a different discipline.
Human nature is essentially the same everywhere and the goals of spiritual
perfection, which belong to the sacrament, are proposed equally to everyone. And
indeed, children in whatever circumstances of society and culture they live, if
they can receive the eucharist in a conscious way suitable for their age, can
also have an equal awareness of sin and ask God's pardon in confession.

Finally, one must remember that the great renewal and greater vigor of the
sacrament of penance, 'which is so necessary today and so desired by pastors in
the universal church, cannot come about unless it has its foundation and
principle in the careful and fruitful preparation and reception of the sacrament
of Christian initiation.

We are happy to take this occasion to profess ourselves with sentiments of
esteem.

Devotedly yours,

Cardinal James KnoxCardinal John Wright

The following note was issued with the letter:

To the doubt proposed: "Whether it is allowed after the declaration of
May 24, 1973, to continue to have, as a general rule, the reception of first
communion precede the reception of the sacrament of penance in those parishes in
which this practice developed in the past few years."

The Sacred Congregations for the Sacraments and Divine Worship and for the
Clergy, with the approval of the Supreme Pontiff, reply: Negative and according
to the mind of the declaration.

The mind of the declaration is that one year after the promulgation of the
same declaration, all experiments of receiving first, communion without the
sacrament of penance should cease so that the discipline of the church might be
restored, in the spirit of the decree, Quam Singulari.