University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

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84 (ELECTIVE IV) 310

08.806 (1) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Module I (16 hours)

Artificial Intelligence: History and Applications, Production Systems, Structures and Strategies for state space search- Data driven and goal driven search, Depth First and Breadth First Search, DFS with Iterative Deepening, Heuristic Search- Best First Search, A* Algorithm, AO* Algorithm, Constraint Satisfaction, Using heuristics in games- Minmax Search, Alpha Beta Procedure.

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module. Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

University Examination Pattern PART A: Short answer questions All questions are compulsory. There should be at least three questions from each module and not more than four questions from any module. PART B: Descriptive/Analytical/Problem solving questions Candidates have to answer one question out of two or two questions out of four from each module. Maximum Total Marks: 100 3 x 20 marks=60 marks 10 x 4 marks=40 marks

General instructions: Evaluation is a serious process that is to be conducted under the equal responsibility of both the internal and external examiners. The number of candidates evaluated per day should not exceed 20

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03.808 PROJECT WORK:

PROJECT WORK AND VIVA VOCE

The project is the continuation of the seventh semester project. Students are expected to utilize the project time for the development and implementation of the project whose design and other works have been completed in the seventh semester. A detailed project report in soft bound in an approved format is to be submitted at the end of the semester. Students may follow the guidelines given in APPENDIX (R) to prepare the project report. The performance of the students in the project work shall be assessed on a continuous basis. There shall be at least an interim evaluation and a final evaluation of the project work. Each student in the group may give a power point presentation on the project work during the evaluation process. For the award of the sessional marks, the project report and the power point presentation of the project work shall be assessed by a panel consisting of the Head of the Department, project coordinator, project guide, and a senior faculty member. The Head of the Department shall be the chairman of the panel. The students may be assessed individually and in groups.

VIVA VOCE:At the time of viva-voce examination, the project work has to be evaluated in addition to assessing the students knowledge in the field of Computer Science and Engineering and other related and advanced topics. He/she is expected to present his/her academic records including project report, seminar report, etc. at the time of viva-voce examination. Evaluation is a serious process that is to be conducted under the equal responsibility of both the internal and external examiners.Internal Continuous Assessment (Maximum Marks-100) Marks should be awarded as follows: 25 Marks - Presentation/viva, clarity in presentation, awareness to the work/topic etc. 50 Marks - Current relevance of the work, implementation/experimentation of the work, involvement in the work etc. 25 Marks - Evaluation of the report University Examination Pattern VIVA VOCE (Maximum marks 100) Marks should be awarded as follows: 50 Marks - General topics covering Computer Science and Engineering and other related and advanced topics. 35 Marks - Project work. 15 Marks - Seminar topic

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APPENDIX (R) GUIDELINES FOR PREPARATION OF MINI /MAJOR PROJECTS AND SEMINAR REPORTS FOR B.TECHFacing page: The title of the project, list of students with roll numbers, name of guide, department, month and year of submission along with the Institute address and emblem will be included on the first cover. This may be made in special quality paper like plastic coated paper. Inner cover: Contents can be same as that of the front cover, but on ordinary A4 size paper. The report may contain three main parts. These include the preliminary part, body of the report, and reference and appendices (if any) as the concluding or final part. The order of these items is as given below. PRELIMINARY PART Certificate from staff member in-Charge Acknowledgements, if any Abstract Contents List of abbreviations, if any List of figures, if any List of tables, if any BODY OF THE PROJECT REPORT Chapter I INTRODUCTION Motivation and Overview Literature Survey, if any Chapter II MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY Algorithms, if any Program development, if any ..

Chapter N-1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Chapter N: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER WORK CONCLUDING PART References Appendix or Appendices

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Abstract It should be a concise description of the problem(s) addressed and your method of solving it/them, your results and conclusions. An abstract must be self-contained. The number of words may be limited not exceeding three-quarter of a page of spacing 1.5 and font type Times New Roman with size 12. Contents The contents should list the chapter headings, sections and subsections of the different chapters along with page numbers of each. It should be possible to get a complete picture of the project report by looking at the contents. List of abbreviations List the full form of the abbreviations used List of figures List the number and captions of the figures with page numbers List of tables List the number and titles of the tables with page numbers Page numbering The preliminary parts are numbered in roman numerals (i, ii, etc). The first page of the first chapter (Introduction) onwards will be numbered in Arabic numerals 1 2 3 etc. Numbering sections, subsections, equations, figures etc It is common practice to use decimal numbering in the report. If the chapter number is 2, the section numbers will be 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 etc. The subsections in section 2.2 will be numbered as 2.2.1, 2.2.2 etc. Unless essential, it is not necessary to use numbers to lower levels than three stages. Headings of paragraphs below the subsections may be bold faced and in sentence case. Similarly, it is useful and convenient to number the figures also chapter-wise. The figures in chapter 4 will be numbered Fig.4.1, Fig 4.2 etc. This helps you in assembling the figures and putting it in proper order. Similarly, the tables also numbered as Table 4.1 Table 4.2 etc. Usually the figure captions are written below the figure and table captions on top of the table. All figures should have proper description by legends, title of the axes and any other information to make the figures self-explanatory. Figures in colour are not essential, but if it is essential, can be given. The same numbering scheme can be used for equations also. Only thing to be remembered is that references to the figures are made like Fig 4.2 and equations as Eqn (5.8) and tables as Table 3.8. If there are some appendices, these can be numbered as A1, A2, A3 etc. The equations in these appendices can be numbered as (A1.1), (A2.3) etc. All figures and tables must be in place in the text near, but not before, where they are first mentioned. References can be numbered as 1, 2, 3 etc in the order in which they are referred to in the body of the report. A typical reference in the body of the report will appear as as stated in [ 3] or in [3 ] [5] etc.

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93 title of the paper, (pp) and year of compression Using 88(12), Dec. 2008,

Similarly conference papers should mention the name of author(s), title of the paper, name of the conference, place in which the conference was held and date, month and year of the conference along with the page numbers of the paper in the proceedings of the conference. Example: Bgfrd M M, Swerft A J, Abqwesd T S : A fuzzy complement edge operator, IEEE Proceedings of the 14th Int. Conf. on Advanced Computing and Communications ADCOM 2006, Mangalore, Karnataka, India, 20-23 Dec., 2006, pp 344-348. References to books should contain name of the author, title of the book, name of the publisher, edition number, and year of publication. If possible ISBN Number also can be quoted. Example Griffths and Manuel: Introduction to Neuro-fuzzy Systems, Prentice Hall Inc, Edition 2, 1998.Reference to web sites can be given as follows:

Example http://www.freefoto.com : Freefoto.com Free Pictures. Appendices If there is material that if included in the body of the report w o u l d break up the flow of reading or bore the reader unbearably, it is better to include it as an appendix. Some items which are typically included in appendices are: major derivations or theoretical developments, important and original computer programs, data files that are too large to be represented simply in the results chapters, pictures or diagrams of results which are not important enough to keep in the main text etc. General Notes: -Single column format and print only on one side. -Use 1.5 spacing for the continuous text. -Minimum margin:- Binding side 30 mm and 24mm on all other sides -Full justification of all texts -Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. -Ensure that each new section head is separated by a double space. -Use 12 pt font Times New Roman for the continuous text (except headings) in MS Word -Chapter/section headings shall be as per the fonts shown in the sample report structure -All chapters to be started on a fresh page -Follow internationally accepted symbols, rules and conventions -Use the Int. system of units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their eqvnt. in SI units

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Suggested Font sizes and margins Spacing Centered (Adjustable spacing) Centered Left adjusted Left adjusted Left adjusted Adjusted on both left and right and with 1.5 spacing for text and double spacing for equations 1.5 inch to accommodate binding area 1.0 inch 2.0 inch on pages on which chapter begins and 1.0 inch on other pages 1.25 inch

Facing page (cover and Times New first page) Roman Times New Chapter headings with chapter number on top Roman Section headings Times New Roman Subsection headings Times New Roman Paragraph headings Times New Roman Body of the report Times New Roman Left Margin Right Margin Top Margin

Bottom Margin

A sample structure of the project report is given below

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B.Tech Project Report

AN EDGE DETECTION SCHEME FOR COLOUR IMAGES

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and EngineeringSubmitted by ABCD EFGH ABED (Roll No.8005) (Roll No.8034) (Roll No.8057)List all students , Roll no one by one

Under the guidance of

Mr/Ms/Dr XYMNL

Institute Emblem

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

T.K.M. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOLLAM KERALAMARCH 2009

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CERTIFICATE

Institute Emblem

This is to certify that the thesis entitled AN EDGE DETECTION SCHEME FOR COLOUR IMAGES is a bonafide record of the major project done by ABCD (Roll No.8005), EFGH (Roll No. 8034) andABED (Roll No. 8057) under my supervision and guidance, in partial

fulfillment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering from the University of Kerala for the year 2009.

If there is more than one guide, write side by side and provide space for HODs signature at the bottom

Provide Correct Name & designation

Provide Correct Name & designation

Professor & Head Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering

Place: Date:

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This is only a format. Sentences can be changed as per students requirement

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTFirst and foremost, we wish to place on records our ardent and earnest gratitude to our project guide Mr/Ms/Dr XYMNL, Assistant Professor, Dept. of computer Science and Engineering. His tutelage and guidance was the leading factor in translating our efforts to fruition. His prudent and perspective vision has shown light on our trail to triumph. We are extremely happy to mention a great word of gratitude to Prof. Khalid M, Head of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering for providing us with all facilities for the completion of this work. Finally yet importantly, we would like to express our gratitude to our project coordinator Mr/Ms/Dr YZXVH for his/her valuable assistance provided during the course of the project. We would also extend our gratefulness to all the staff members in the Department. We also thank all our friends and well-wishers who greatly helped us in our endeavour.

Only this framework to be followed

5 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.2

Appendix only, If required. Computer codes (developed for the project if any, lengthy derivations, explanations/details of some already existing algorithms, formulations used in the thesis shall be given in the appendices.

B.Tech Comp. Sc. & Engg., University of Kerala

Performance of the proposed edge detection scheme

62

iv

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Continues text of thesis starts from

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Edge detection is a fundamental task in image processing and computer vision. It has been broadly covered and documented since the early stage of image processing studies. Its importance arises from the fact that edges are considered as important features for analyzing the most important information contained in images, leading --------------------------------------------- classification of objects in an image.

1.1 Introduction There are many different methods for edge detection [1], such as Sobel filtering, Prewitt filtering, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------, but some common problems of these methods are -------------------------------.All references are to be serially given in this form [1] only