Leadership : Theory and Practice

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LEADERSHIPTheory and Practice, Second Edition By PETER G. NORTHOUSE, Western Michigan University Expanded and updated, the second edition of this best-selling text, like the first, reviews and analyzes the foremost leadership theories, giving special attention to how each theoretical approach can be applied in real-world organizations. Entirely new to the second edition is a chapter on Leadership Ethics, added by the author to address the growing level of concern in society with the ethical behavior of leaders in both the public and private sectors. For anyone seeking to explore how an understanding of leadership theory can inform and direct the way leadership is practiced, Leadership: Theory and Practice, Second Edition, is a valuable tool. Adopted as a textbook at over 250 colleges and universities, this best-selling volume is equally useful for private-sector leadership development training programs. Describing and analyzing the nine major theoretical approaches to leadership, each chapter of Leadership: Theory and Practice includes: a discussion of the strengths and criticisms of the specific leadership approach descri

Preface

xiii

Special Features

xiv

Audience

xv

Acknowledgments

xvii

Introduction

1

(14)

Leadership Defined

2

(2)

Leadership Described

4

(6)

Trait Versus Process Leadership

4

(1)

Assigned Versus Emergent Leadership

5

(1)

Leadership and Power

6

(1)

Leadership and Coercion

7

(1)

Leadership and Management

8

(2)

Plan of the Book

10

(1)

Summary

11

(1)

References

12

(3)

Trait Approach

15

(20)

Description

15

(5)

Intelligence

19

(1)

Self-Confidence

19

(1)

Determination

19

(1)

Integrity

20

(1)

Sociability

20

(1)

How Does the Trait Approach Work?

20

(1)

Strengths

21

(1)

Criticisms

22

(2)

Application

24

(1)

Case Studies

24

(5)

Choosing a New Director of Research

25

(1)

A Remarkable Turnaround

26

(2)

Recruiting for the Bank

28

(1)

Leadership Instrument

29

(2)

Leadership Trait Questionnaire (LTQ)

30

(1)

Summary

31

(1)

References

32

(3)

Style Approach

35

(20)

Description

35

(8)

The Ohio State Studies

36

(1)

The University of Michigan Studies

37

(1)

Blake and Mouton's Managerial (Leadership) Grid

38

(5)

How Does the Style Approach Work?

43

(1)

Strengths

44

(1)

Criticisms

45

(1)

Application

45

(1)

Case Studies

46

(4)

A Drill Sergeant at First

47

(1)

Eating Lunch Standing Up

48

(1)

Enhancing the Department's Culture

49

(1)

Leadership Instrument

50

(2)

Style Questionnaire

51

(1)

Summary

52

(1)

References

53

(2)

Situational Approach

55

(20)

Description

55

(4)

Leadership Styles

57

(1)

Development Levels

58

(1)

How Does the Situational Approach Work?

59

(1)

Strengths

60

(1)

Criticisms

61

(3)

Application

64

(1)

Case Studies

64

(4)

What Style Do I Use?

65

(1)

Why Aren't They Listening?

66

(1)

Getting the Message Across

67

(1)

Leadership Instrument

68

(4)

Situational Leadership: A Brief Questionnaire

69

(3)

Summary

72

(1)

References

73

(2)

Contingency Theory

75

(14)

Description

75

(3)

Leadership Styles

76

(1)

Situational Variables

76

(2)

How Does Contingency Theory Work?

78

(1)

Strengths

79

(1)

Criticisms

80

(2)

Application

82

(1)

Case Studies

83

(2)

No Control Over the Student Council

83

(1)

Giving Him a Hard Time

83

(1)

What's the Best Leader Match?

84

(1)

Leadership Instrument

85

(2)

Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) Measure

86

(1)

Summary

87

(1)

References

88

(1)

Path-Goal Theory

89

(22)

Description

89

(2)

Leader Behaviors

91

(2)

Directive Leadership

91

(1)

Supportive Leadership

92

(1)

Participative Leadership

92

(1)

Achievement-Oriented Leadership

92

(1)

Subordinate Characteristics

93

(1)

Task Characteristics

94

(1)

How Does Path-Goal Theory Work?

95

(1)

Strengths

96

(1)

Criticisms

97

(2)

Application

99

(1)

Case Studies

100

(5)

Three Shifts, Three Supervisors

100

(2)

Direction for Some, Support for Others

102

(2)

Marathon Runners at Different Levels

104

(1)

Leadership Instrument

105

(3)

Path-Goal Leadership Questionnaire

106

(2)

Summary

108

(1)

References

109

(2)

Leader-Member Exchange Theory

111

(20)

Description

111

(1)

Early Studies

112

(3)

Later Studies

115

(1)

Leadership Making

115

(3)

How Does LMX Theory Work?

118

(1)

Strengths

119

(1)

Criticisms

120

(1)

Application

121

(1)

Case Studies

122

(5)

``His Team Gets the Best Assignments''

122

(2)

Working Hard at Being Fair

124

(1)

Taking on Additional Responsibilities

125

(2)

Leadership Instrument

127

(2)

LMX 7 Questionnaire

128

(1)

Summary

129

(1)

References

130

(1)

Transformational Leadership

131

(30)

Description

131

(1)

Transformational Leadership Defined

132

(1)

Transformational Leadership and Charisma

133

(2)

A Model of Transformational Leadership

135

(6)

Transformational Leadership Factors

136

(4)

Transactional Leadership Factors

140

(1)

Nonleadership Factor

141

(1)

Other Transformational Perspectives

141

(3)

Bennis and Nanus

142

(1)

Tichy and De Vanna

143

(1)

How Does the Transformational Approach Work?

144

(1)

Strengths

145

(1)

Criticisms

146

(2)

Application

148

(1)

Case Studies

149

(5)

The Vision Failed

150

(1)

Students Dig It

151

(2)

Her Vision Was a Model Research Center

153

(1)

Leadership Instrument

154

(4)

Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) Form 6S

156

(2)

Summary

158

(1)

References

159

(2)

Team Leadership

161

(28)

Susan E. Kogler Hill

Description

161

(2)

Critical Functions of Team Leadership

163

(1)

Complexity of Team Leadership

164

(2)

Outcomes of Team Leadership

166

(4)

Clear, Elevating Goal

167

(1)

Results-Driven Structure

168

(1)

Competent Team Members

168

(1)

Unified Commitment

169

(1)

Collaborative Climate

169

(1)

Standards of Excellence

169

(1)

External Support and Recognition

169

(1)

Principled Leadership

170

(1)

Team Leadership Model

170

(5)

How Does the Team Leadership Model Work?

175

(1)

Strengths

176

(2)

Criticisms

178

(1)

Application

179

(1)

Case Studies

180

(3)

Can This ``Virtual'' Team Work?

180

(1)

They Dominated the Conversation

181

(1)

Starts With a Bang, Ends With a Whimper

182

(1)

Leadership Instrument

183

(2)

Team Effectiveness Questionnaire

184

(1)

Summary

185

(1)

References

186

(3)

Psychodynamic Approach

189

(26)

Ernest L. Stech

Description

189

(2)

Background

191

(7)

Family of Origin

192

(1)

Maturation, or Individuation

192

(2)

Dependence and Independence

194

(1)

Repression and the Shadow Self

194

(2)

Relational Analysis

196

(2)

How Does the Psychodynamic Approach Work?

198

(1)

Strengths

199

(1)

Criticisms

200

(2)

Application

202

(2)

Case Studies

204

(3)

A Change in Behavior

204

(1)

Not the Type Who Sees the ``Big Picture''

205

(1)

Asking for Feedback

206

(1)

Leadership Instrument

207

(4)

Psychodynamic Approach Survey

208

(3)

Summary

211

(2)

References

213

(2)

Women and Leadership

215

(34)

Julie Indvik

Description

215

(2)

Definitions

215

(2)

Overview of Research Trends

217

(17)

Can Women Be Leaders?

218

(2)

Do Female and Male Leaders Differ in Their Behavior and Effectiveness?