(10/20/15)- A report issued by the inspector general of the Department of Health
and Human Services said that nursing homes regularly filed claims for the
highest, most expensive level of therapy, regardless of what the patient
required.

Daniel R. Levinson, the inspector general said: “Skilled nursing facilities
must provide therapy for 720 minutes or more during a seven-day assessment
period to bill for ultrahigh therapy” and they “increasingly provide exactly
720 minutes.”

He said the extra billing costs Medicare $1.1 billion in 2012-2013. Medicare
classifies patients into one of 66 groups depending on the patient’s needs. The
Medicare Payment Advisory Commission has stated that Medicare payments to homes
have been at least 10% higher than the cost of care for 14 years in a row.

(8/18/15)- Medicare paid about $28 billion in 2013, according to a Wall
Street Journal analysis of payments to “skilled nursing facilities” as Medicare
calls nursing homes that bill it.

The proportionof
days billed at each of 3 therapy levels as it has been since 2008, but 24%
higher than if the proportions had mirrored 2002 levels. The “ultra- high”
level of therapy billing continues to rise to a much higher proportion than all
other levels.

(2/9/06)- Elder law specialists are urging their prospective clients who are
figuring on having Medicaid pay for their nursing home costs to expedite their
estate tax planning before Congress acts to tighten the laws.

Although laws vary from state to state and whether a resident is married or
not, patients generally are eligible for Medicaid to help pay for their nursing
home costs after using up all but $2,000 of their cash and investments. In most
states your home and car are exempt from being included in your assets for
Medicaid purposes.

Among the changes being contemplated by pending Congressional action are a proposal that would prevent a person with equity in a
home of more than $500,000 from qualifying for Medicaid coverage, although
states will be able to raise the limit to $750,000. Under current law, primary
residences of any value are generally exempt.

Another of the proposed changes would be one where the "look-back"
period of time is increased from 3 years to 5 years.

(1/9/06)- In reaching a budget accord, Congress has made certain changes in
Medicaid and Medicare beneficiary coverage limitations The
changes enacted allow states to charge higher premiums and higher co-payments
for a wide range of Medicaid benefits, including prescription drugs, doctors'
services and hospital care. Medicaid recipients can be charged 10% of the cost
of any item or service if their family incomes were 100% to 150% of the federal
poverty level, $12,830 to $19,245 for a family of two. Recipients above that
can be required to pay 20% of the cost of any item or service.

Total co-payments for all people in a family cannot exceed 5% of family
income. States would not have to provide a Medicaid recipient with all the
services now required by federal low, but can off a more modest package of
benefits resembling commercial insurance. States will be allowed to end
Medicaid coverage for people who fail to pay premiums for 60 days or more.
Pharmacists can refuse to fill prescriptions and doctors and hospitals can deny
services for recipients who do not make required co-payments.

Another change would require states to look for inappropriate asset
transfers during the five years before a Medicaid application, instead of the
current three-year look-back provision that now exists.

Certain annuities would be classified as assets that trigger the waiting
period; annuities are sometimes used to change a large asset into a smaller
asset so that Medicaid eligibility can arise.

(10/29/05)- The Senate has approved a $612 billion domestic spending bill
that included a provision to spend $7.97 billion on asian
flu vaccines to try and prevent the spread of a pandemic should the disease
break out in humans in this country. The bill was adopted by a vote of 94-3.
The expenditures exceeded President Bush's budget request for labor, health and
education expenditures by several billions of dollars.

The bill included a provision that disallowed Medicaid coverage in nursing
homes if the equity in a home that a resident owns exceeds $500,000. State and
federal rules that allowed some long term Medicaid coverage in nursing homes
for residents above the poverty level would be disallowed. States were given
leeway to increase the home equity allowance up to a $750,000 amount.

(9/11/05)- The proposed Bush budget calls for cutting Medicaid expenses,
which is currently running at a figure of $329 billion this year, by at least
$10 billion over five years. A commission convened by the HHS, which oversees
Medicaid, came up with several proposals recently including increasing the
look-back provision from 3 years to 5 years for gifts made by a Medicaid
beneficiary to another individual or other party.

Patients generally are eligible for Medicaid to help pay for long term care
after using up all but $2,000 of their cash and investments. They can keep
their house and car, but recently state officials have imposed liens on the
homes of Medicaid beneficiaries who pass away. Many states are looking to
restrict these amounts even further.

Last year the cost per patient for long-term care averaged $72,240,
including nursing homes, assisted-living facilities and home care, according to
General Electric's Glenworh Financial unit in
Richmond, Va., a long-term care insurer.

(1/6/04)-One of the most frequently asked questions that arise when a friend
or relative enters a nursing home relates to the coverage of costs by Medicare.
We will go over some of the basic rules and answers to this question.

Two recent surveys on nursing home costs suggests
that the annual cost continues to rise at rates much greater than inflation.
According to the GE Financial Survey, the annual average cost of a nursing home
has reached $57,000. This survey was carried out in all fifty states this past
May and involved 2218 skilled nursing homes and intermediate care homes.

The other survey by Met Life indicated that the average national cost of a
semiprivate room in a nursing home is now $158.26. The costs for therapy,
rehabilitation, and medication were not factored into the survey. The cost of
assisted-living facilities rose 10% to an average $2,379 a month, or $28,548 a
year. These rising costs are in contrast to the decline in staffing nationwide
and reports of decline in quality of care.

According to a study from the National Alliance for Caregiving, Bethesda,
Md. and AARP, 24% of the nation's caregivers to an elderly or disabled person
lived with the person they were caring for, up from 21% in 1997.

There is also a variation of costs in the 50 states, with Alaska ranking first
at $166,700 and Louisiana last at $35,000. New York City average annual cost is
$105,500, with the rest of the state averaging $78,700. Neighboring New Jersey
came in at an average of $80,100, while in Connecticut the average annual cost
was $97,400 and in Boston it was $89,800.

The first rule that hits you squarely in the eye is that Medicare Part A
will pick up some of the costs only if the individual is in a Skilled Nursing
Facility (SNF). A Skilled Nursing Facility is one in which a doctor, nurse, or
occupational or speech therapist provides skilled care directly to you.
Medicare must approve the facility as a SNF facility.

Medicare Part A will help pay for your care if you meet all of the following
conditions:

You have been is a hospital at least three days in a
row (not including the day of discharge) before you enter the SNF.

You enter the SNF within a short time (usual 30 days)
after you leave the hospital.

Your care is for an illness that was treated in the
hospital. Your care also could be for an illness that arose when you were
in the SNF for an illness treated in the hospital.

You require daily skilled nursing or skilled rehabilitation
services that you can only receive in a SNF. A doctor, nurse practitioner
or clinical nurse specialist must certify this.

Medicare cannot pay for services that are determined to be custodial.
Custodial services are those services that are mainly for the purpose of
helping you with daily living activities.

If you meet all of the above requirements Medicare Part A will pay according
to the following time schedule:

Pays for all covered services for the first 20 days.

For days 21 through day 100-you co-pay $109 in 2004.

Beginning with day 101 you are responsible for the
costs yourself.

HMOs and Skilled Nursing Care Facility Coverage

Many Medicare HMOs have a "lock in" rule which provide coverage
only if the member uses a SNF within the provider's network. If you are in an
HMO the following rules apply:

The benefits provided through your HMO must at least
equal the benefits provided through Medicare.

The HMO must preauthorize coverage.

If the plan denies coverage you must appeal through the
HMOs plan.

If you disenroll from a
managed care plan during a stay in an SNF, traditional Medicare will cover
only the balance of the 100 days left in the benefit period. You must meet
the original Medicare Part A coverage guidelines.

Once Medicare Part A benefits have ended, you may still be entitled to
coverage of certain items under Medicare Part B. This includes: lab work,
x-rays, medical supplies, orthotics, prosthetics, physical therapy,
occupational therapy, speech therapy and specialty drugs like Hepatitis B
vaccine, influenza and PPV vaccines, certain oral anti-cancer drugs and
immunosuppressive drugs.

Even though your Medicare Part A benefits may have
ended you still may be entitled to therapy coverage within the following
limitation:

There is a $1,500 limit for speech and physical
therapy, and a separate $1,500 limitation for occupational therapy.

If you are receiving therapy during a hospital or SNF stay covered by
Medicare Part A or from a hospital outpatient department, the caps do not
apply. If you disagree with a decision on the amount that Medicare pays on a
claim or whether Medicare covers services you receive, you always have the right
to appeal the decision.