TOEFL – READING – 3

The city is a global phenomenon. It is also a regional and cultural variable. Even within the seemingly homogenous North American cultural realm, the city shows subtle but significant differences—not only between older eastern and newer western United States cities but also between cities of Canada and those of the United States. Although the urban expression is similar in the two countries, it is not identical, and the truly “North American” city is more a myth than a reality.

The Canadian city, for example, is more compact than its United States counterpart of equal population size, with a higher density of buildings and people and a lesser degree of suburbanization of populations and functions. Space-saving, multiple-family housing units are more the rule in Canada, so a similar population is housed on a smaller land area with much higher densities, on average, within the central area of cities. The Canadian city is better served by and more dependent on mass transportation than is the United States city. This dependence gives form and structure to the Canadian central city, qualities now lost in the sprawling United States metropolis, whose residents view the central district as increasingly less central to their lives. Since Canadian metropolitan areas have only one- quarter the number of kilometers of superhighways per capita as United States metropolitan areas —and at least as much resistance to constructing more –suburbanization of peoples and functions is less extensive north of the border than south. It is likely to remain that way.

Besides these physical differences, Canadian- United States contrasts are also apparent in their cities’ social structures. While cities in both countries are ethnically diverse—Canadian communities, in fact, have the higher proportion of immigrants — in the United States there are pronounced economic contrasts between central city and suburban residents.

That is, there has been much less “flight to the suburbs” by middle-income Canadians. As a result, the Canadian city shows greater socialstability, employment opportunities, and urban amenities than its United States counterpart. In particular, it does not have the rivalry from well-defined competitive “outer cities” of suburbia that so spread and fragment United States metropolitan complexes.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

Major differences between United States and Canadian cities

Population migration toward newer cities

The development of suburbs in North America

Features that characterize the typical North American city

Correct!

Wrong!

-

What does the author mean by referring to the truly North American city as "more a myth than a reality"?

Eastern and western cities display greater differences than the differences between Canadian and United States cities.

Commonly studied histories of cities in North America distort reality.

There is no city that can be considered representative of all North American cities.

Cities in Canada and the United States exhibit cultural similarities.

Correct!

Wrong!

-

According to paragraph 2, which of the following statements about the typical Canadian city is true?

Canadian cities have taller buildings than other countries.

Canadian cities are spread out over a large area.

People and functions in Canadian cities are centrally concentrated.

Canadian cities vary little in size.

Correct!

Wrong!

-

The phrase "the rule" in the passage is closest in meaning to

spacious

usual

practical

well-built

Correct!

Wrong!

-

It can be inferred from the passage that Canadian cities are marked by

open spaces

an absence of skyscrapers

a coherent central area

narrow streets

Correct!

Wrong!

-

The word "apparent" in the passage is closest in meaning to

dependent

unique

decreasing

obvious

Correct!

Wrong!

-

The word "pronounced" in the passage is closest in meaning to

growing

strong

recent

divisive

Correct!

Wrong!

-

It can be inferred from the passage that, when compared to their Canadian counterparts, middle-income people in the United States tend to

move away from city centers more frequently

prefer living closer to urban amenities

dominate the older eastern cities

represent a greater range of income

Correct!

Wrong!

-

The word "it" in the passage refers to

United States counterpart

social stability

Canadian city

flight to the suburbs

Correct!

Wrong!

-

Which of the following does the author mention as a similarity between Canadian and United States cities?

My spouse and i ended up being absolutely comfortable John managed to round up his web research using the ideas he got through your web site. It is now and again perplexing to simply continually be giving freely instructions many people could have been making money from. And we also already know we need you to appreciate for this. Most of the illustrations you’ve made, the easy site navigation, the friendships you can help to create – it’s got all excellent, and it’s really aiding our son and our family understand that issue is awesome, which is incredibly serious. Thank you for the whole lot!

Thank you for all of the hard work on this web page. Ellie enjoys carrying out research and it’s easy to understand why. A number of us learn all relating to the lively form you produce very helpful things via this blog and as well recommend participation from the others about this article while our princess is certainly learning a lot. Have fun with the remaining portion of the year. You are always performing a splendid job.

Thanks a lot for providing individuals with an extremely spectacular possiblity to read articles and blog posts from here. It is usually so fantastic and as well , full of fun for me personally and my office mates to search your website particularly thrice every week to read through the newest items you have. And indeed, I’m so at all times motivated considering the astounding creative ideas you give. Certain 2 ideas in this article are really the most beneficial we have had.

Thank you a lot for providing individuals with a very spectacular opportunity to read critical reviews from this web site. It can be so pleasing and as well , stuffed with a lot of fun for me and my office friends to visit your blog nearly 3 times every week to find out the fresh issues you have got. Of course, we’re certainly satisfied concerning the tremendous tactics you give. Some 4 facts in this posting are in reality the very best we have had.

I simply wished to thank you very much once again. I am not sure what I could possibly have tried without the entire hints provided by you about that area of interest. It truly was a very distressing difficulty in my opinion, nevertheless seeing the specialised way you treated that forced me to leap with fulfillment. I am grateful for this help as well as hope that you are aware of a powerful job you are doing educating many others via your webpage. Most likely you’ve never met any of us.

I want to convey my admiration for your generosity in support of visitors who have the need for help with this particular content. Your very own dedication to passing the message throughout appeared to be unbelievably informative and has really encouraged regular people just like me to achieve their objectives. Your entire valuable useful information signifies this much to me and extremely more to my peers. Best wishes; from each one of us.

I would like to show some appreciation to this writer for rescuing me from this type of difficulty. As a result of looking out through the internet and meeting proposals which were not productive, I thought my entire life was done. Existing minus the approaches to the difficulties you have solved through your good article is a crucial case, as well as the kind which may have negatively damaged my entire career if I hadn’t noticed the blog. Your good natural talent and kindness in controlling every aspect was vital. I’m not sure what I would’ve done if I had not discovered such a stuff like this. I can also at this moment look ahead to my future. Thanks so much for your impressive and result oriented guide. I will not hesitate to propose your web blog to any person who will need care about this problem.

I together with my guys happened to be checking the good guidelines located on the website and the sudden developed a horrible suspicion I never thanked the web blog owner for those strategies. All of the ladies appeared to be glad to learn them and have now absolutely been enjoying those things. Appreciation for indeed being indeed helpful and then for making a choice on such decent things most people are really desperate to learn about. My personal honest apologies for not saying thanks to you sooner.

Needed to compose you a very small word to finally say thanks a lot as before with the exceptional strategies you’ve documented above. It is so shockingly generous of people like you to convey unreservedly what many people could have offered for sale as an e-book to end up making some bucks on their own, most importantly considering that you could possibly have tried it if you wanted. These tactics additionally acted to become a good way to fully grasp that other people have a similar desire the same as my very own to see more and more concerning this problem. I am certain there are some more pleasurable instances in the future for individuals that check out your blog.

I intended to send you one bit of note in order to say thanks over again just for the splendid solutions you’ve documented here. It was extremely open-handed of you to deliver unreservedly what exactly numerous people might have offered for an e-book to make some bucks for their own end, primarily seeing that you could have done it in the event you desired. Those points additionally acted to provide a great way to be certain that other people online have the identical dream the same as my personal own to grasp a whole lot more regarding this condition. I am sure there are a lot more pleasurable instances up front for people who scan through your blog post.

I was more than happy to find this internet-site.I wanted to thanks for your time for this wonderful read!! I undoubtedly having fun with every little bit of it and I’ve you bookmarked to take a look at new stuff you blog post.

I have to show my appreciation to the writer for bailing me out of this type of problem. Right after browsing throughout the the web and meeting opinions that were not helpful, I believed my entire life was done. Existing without the presence of answers to the difficulties you have sorted out by means of your guideline is a serious case, as well as ones that would have negatively affected my entire career if I had not come across the website. Your own training and kindness in dealing with all things was important. I’m not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a thing like this. I am able to at this moment look ahead to my future. Thanks a lot very much for the reliable and effective guide. I won’t hesitate to recommend your site to anybody who desires guide on this subject matter.

Needed to put you that little remark so as to say thanks a lot the moment again for all the splendid advice you have provided in this case. It was open-handed of people like you to grant unhampered what most of us might have advertised for an ebook to generate some bucks for their own end, certainly now that you could possibly have tried it in case you desired. These guidelines in addition served to become fantastic way to realize that many people have the identical passion like my personal own to grasp a whole lot more on the subject of this matter. I am sure there are many more enjoyable instances in the future for individuals who view your website.

I’m also writing to let you know of the fine experience our girl enjoyed reading through the blog. She came to understand numerous pieces, most notably how it is like to possess a wonderful coaching style to get the others without problems completely grasp specified complex topics. You actually exceeded my desires. Thanks for presenting these warm and friendly, trustworthy, edifying and even fun tips on the topic to Janet.

I am glad for writing to make you understand what a magnificent experience my wife’s princess had going through your webblog. She learned such a lot of issues, which included what it is like to possess a great teaching mood to let the mediocre ones just comprehend specific multifaceted subject areas. You really exceeded her desires. Many thanks for coming up with the precious, safe, informative and easy tips on your topic to Sandra.

I wish to show some appreciation to the writer just for bailing me out of such a crisis. Just after surfing through the online world and coming across concepts which are not pleasant, I figured my life was done. Living devoid of the strategies to the problems you have solved all through your good short article is a serious case, and ones that could have in a negative way affected my entire career if I had not come across your blog post. Your main know-how and kindness in controlling a lot of things was very useful. I am not sure what I would have done if I had not encountered such a step like this. I can at this moment look forward to my future. Thanks for your time so much for this skilled and result oriented help. I will not be reluctant to suggest your web site to anybody who ought to have counselling on this subject.

I simply wanted to compose a brief note to appreciate you for all of the superb secrets you are giving on this website. My considerable internet investigation has finally been compensated with brilliant strategies to go over with my friends. I ‘d suppose that many of us website visitors actually are undoubtedly fortunate to live in a fabulous website with so many perfect professionals with useful guidelines. I feel pretty grateful to have discovered the website page and look forward to tons of more excellent minutes reading here. Thanks again for a lot of things.

I needed to send you that very little observation to be able to thank you so much yet again for your personal awesome techniques you’ve contributed above. It has been quite generous of people like you to make without restraint exactly what a lot of folks might have offered as an e book in order to make some cash for themselves, chiefly considering the fact that you could have done it in the event you decided. The thoughts additionally worked to become fantastic way to be certain that other people have the same passion really like my personal own to grasp a lot more in terms of this matter. I know there are numerous more fun periods in the future for individuals who check out your blog.

I and my friends ended up digesting the great guides found on the blog then quickly developed an awful suspicion I never thanked the site owner for those tips. These boys were for this reason excited to read through them and have clearly been making the most of these things. Many thanks for actually being really helpful and also for figuring out this kind of high-quality resources millions of individuals are really eager to know about. Our honest apologies for not saying thanks to earlier.

Thanks a lot for providing individuals with remarkably terrific possiblity to discover important secrets from this web site. It really is so kind and packed with fun for me personally and my office mates to visit your website at the least thrice weekly to study the new guidance you have got. And definitely, I’m usually fascinated with your very good opinions you give. Certain two ideas in this posting are basically the most efficient we have all ever had.

I enjoy you because of every one of your work on this site. My daughter take interest in participating in investigation and it is easy to see why. My spouse and i notice all regarding the lively ways you produce rewarding thoughts through this blog and even attract response from other individuals on this concern and my girl is undoubtedly discovering so much. Have fun with the rest of the new year. You’re the one doing a brilliant job.

I simply wanted to appreciate you yet again. I’m not certain the things I could possibly have carried out in the absence of the methods provided by you relating to such a area. This was an absolute troublesome circumstance in my position, but discovering a expert strategy you handled the issue took me to leap over contentment. Now i’m thankful for this help and as well , pray you are aware of an amazing job you happen to be getting into training people today thru your web page. Probably you’ve never encountered any of us.

I not to mention my guys were found to be taking note of the great key points from your web page and then at once got an awful feeling I never thanked the blog owner for those tips. All the young men became for this reason glad to see them and have unquestionably been tapping into these things. We appreciate you really being indeed accommodating and for picking out such fantastic themes most people are really desperate to understand about. Our sincere regret for not saying thanks to you sooner.

I wanted to construct a quick note to be able to appreciate you for all the amazing tips and hints you are writing here. My considerable internet search has finally been recognized with high-quality facts to write about with my contacts. I would mention that we site visitors actually are truly blessed to live in a superb site with so many brilliant people with insightful plans. I feel very much happy to have encountered your entire webpage and look forward to so many more thrilling moments reading here. Thanks once again for all the details.

I must express my love for your kind-heartedness for persons who need help with this particular concept. Your special dedication to getting the solution all-around appears to be exceedingly useful and have truly made ladies like me to achieve their desired goals. Your amazing insightful key points implies this much a person like me and substantially more to my office workers. Best wishes; from each one of us.

I needed to draft you the very little word so as to say thanks once again regarding the wonderful tricks you’ve shared on this page. It is pretty generous of people like you to deliver openly exactly what a number of us could have supplied for an electronic book to help make some dough for themselves, certainly considering that you might have done it if you ever desired. Those secrets likewise served like the great way to realize that other people online have the same dreams similar to my very own to know the truth a lot more when considering this issue. I am certain there are lots of more pleasurable periods up front for individuals that examine your site.

My husband and i got satisfied Louis could complete his research using the ideas he had in your site. It’s not at all simplistic to just happen to be giving away secrets some people might have been selling. So we understand we now have the website owner to thank for this. These explanations you made, the easy site navigation, the relationships you can make it easier to foster – it is everything sensational, and it’s really letting our son in addition to our family know that the theme is excellent, and that is very vital. Thank you for everything!

I simply had to thank you very much all over again. I’m not certain what I would’ve worked on in the absence of those basics provided by you directly on this industry. It truly was an absolute fearsome problem in my circumstances, nevertheless observing your expert style you solved the issue made me to weep for contentment. I am just thankful for this guidance and even believe you are aware of an amazing job you are always putting in teaching the rest by way of your webblog. I am sure you have never come across any of us.

English Language Proficiency is one of the fundamental criteria for the international students from the non-English speaking countries who are willing to pursue their studies abroad (English speaking countries). Aspirants from India and other Asian countries, where English is not the first language, have to qualify these tests.
Talking about the English Language Proficiency tests, one must aware of IELTS, TOEFL, and PTE.
IELTS (International English Language Testing System), TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language), and PTE (Pearson Test of English) are widely-accepted standardized tests that measure efficiency in the English language of a non-English speaker.
All the three tests are designed to test students’ ability in the English language, although somehow they work in the same way. The IELTS and TOEFL are the most popular tests that are accepted globally, whereas PTE is a new entrant in this field with a little bit different from the other two tests. Students should select tests that suit them to practice in terms of the test structure and their comfort to prepare and perform for the same.This website gives you the opportunity for downloading free resources and make practice on IELTS,TOEFL,PTE. Good luck to all.