Patrick Stevens

I’ve been learning some basic topology over the last couple of months, and it strikes me that there are some very confusing names for things. Here I present an approach that hopefully avoids confusing terminology.

We define a topology on a set to be a collection of sets such that: for every pair of sets , we have that ; the empty set and are both in ; for every we have that ; and that is in if all the are in . (That is: contains the empty set and the entire set; sets in are subsets of ; not-necessarily-countable unions of sets in are in ; and finite intersections of sets in are in .) We then say that is a topological space.

If a set is in , then we say that is fibble. On the other hand, if (the complement of ) is in , then we say that is gobble.

We define a metric space to be a set together with a “distance” function such that: iff ; ; and . (That is, “the distance between two points is 0 iff they’re the same point; distance is the same if we reverse as if we go forward; and if we take a detour then the distance is greater”.)

We then define a fiball to be “a set for which every is within of ” - that is, .

It turns out that we can create (or induce) a topology out of a metric space, by considering the fiballs. Let iff is a union (not necessarily countable) of fiballs in the metric space. We can see that this is a topology, because unions of (things which are unions of fiballs) are unions of fiballs; the empty set is the union of no fiballs; the entire set is the union of all possible fiballs; and it can be checked that intersections behave as required (although that takes a tiny bit of work).

Now we see why fiballs are called “fiballs” - because in the induced topology, fiballs are fibble.

We can define a gobball in the same way, by making the weak inequality strict in the definition of the fiball. And it can be verified that gobballs are gobble.

We can keep going with these definitions - a continuous function between two topological spaces is defined to be one such that if is fibble in , then is fibble in , and so forth.

Eventually we come to the reason that I’ve used the words “fibble” and “gobble”. Consider the metric given by . It can easily be checked that is a metric space, and so it induces a topology on . What is the fiball ? It is precisely the set of points which are within of - that is, the open interval . So we know that open intervals are fibble. Note also that is fibble, but is not an open interval. All well and good.

But now consider a different topology on . Let be fibble if it is a union of half-open intervals . It can be checked that this is a topology. Now the set is fibble, and note that it is not an open interval. We can see that is still fibble (it’s the union of the fibble sets for , for example).

And consider a third, final topology on. Let be fibble iff is or the empty set. We can easily see that this is a topology. Now no open interval is fibble.

The problem is that in standard notation, fibble sets are referred to as open. It’s all fine when you have that open intervals are open in the usual topology, but we can construct a topology in which there is an open set which is not an open interval, and we can construct a topology where no open intervals are open. What madness is this? Why not have a different word, because the meaning is different?!

When I am Master of the Universe, I will reform topology so that it makes sense.