Timeline by Djordje Djukic, with additional reporting by Evan Centanni

A City for a City
Since PolGeoNow published our February map of control in Iraq, two major cities have changed hands, in opposite directions. Tikrit, known as the home region of former leader Saddam Hussein, was the Islamic State's farthest-forward prize in its spectacular takeover of northern Iraq last June. A priority for Iraq's struggling Baghdad government, Tikrit was finally taken back this March and April in a major push by Shiite militias, led by Iran and ultimately supported by U.S.-Arab coalition airstrikes.

Soon afterwards, however, the Islamic State struck back with its own campaign to secure control of Ramadi, the capital of western Iraq's sprawling Anbar province. Nearby Fallujah was the first Iraqi city taken over by Islamic State fighters almost a year and a half ago (free map), and parts of Ramadi have also been under the group's control ever since.

However, focused efforts by the Iraqi security forces and allied fighters had kept much of the city under government control until just a few days ago, when Islamic State forces completely drove them out after a days-long battle. Though control in the Anbar countryside varies from town to town, there is now little doubt that the Islamic State controls a majority of the province's populated territory.

March 6, 2015
Government forces assaulted the town of Dawr (Dur), south of Tikrit, and reportedly captured the town’s main street. Meanwhile, the U.S. military reported that Iraqi troops and allied militias recaptured the town of Baghdadi, several days after the Iraqi government had made the same claim.

March 8, 2015
Government troops managed to capture the center of Dawr, but Islamic State fighters were still holding positions in the western part of town. The previous day, government forces had also captured a small town on the outskirts of Tikrit.

March 18, 2015
The Iraqi Ministry of Defense reported that government troops captured several villages in the Tuz Khurmatu area without any resistance from the Islamic State. (PolGeoNow research suggests that this area - home to a major Iraqi Turkmen population - has already been outside of Islamic State control for some time. However, it is located within the region disputed between Kurdistan and the Iraqi government.)

March 25, 2015
For the first time, the United States began airstrikes on Islamic State positions in Tikrit in support of the battle to seize the city. The action reportedly came in response to a request from Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi.

March 27, 2015
Several Shiite pro-government militias, part of the Iran-backed ground campaign to recapture Tikrit, reportedly pulled out of the battle in protest of U.S. involvement.

April 13, 2015
Government forces launched a counter-attack in Ramadi's northern outskirts and, according to a police officer, recaptured around 40 percent of it, but were facing stiff resistance.

April 15, 2015
The Islamic State captured several villages on the outskirts of Ramadi and seized parts of the Baiji oil refinery north of Tikrit. With the latest advance in the area of Ramadi, according to the deputy head
of the Anbar Provincial Council, the Islamic State was possibly only hours away from
taking control of the provincial capital, with security “collapsing
rapidly in the city”.

April 17, 2015
Former Saddam Hussein aide Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri, who escaped the 2003 US invasion and had recently backed the Islamic State, was reportedly killed in a military operation
east of Tikrit. The dissolved Baath party denied his death, while
Al-Arabiya TV aired a picture allegedly showing his body, and a Shiite
militia stated his remains were sent to Baghdad for DNA testing. Al-Douri was the last major figure from Saddam Hussein’s government
still at large.

April 24, 2015
Brig. Gen. Hassan Abbas Toufan, commander of the Iraqi 1st Division, was killed in a suicide bombing,
involving a bulldozer packed with explosives, against his convoy north
of Fallujah. The attack also killed three other officers, a colonel and
two lieutenant colonels. The overall toll was later put at 13 soldiers dead.

April 27, 2015
It was confirmed that 30 policemen had been killed and 100 wounded during the previous week in heavy fighting in the Ramadi area. More than 100,000 people were displaced by the clashes which left government forces in control of only 20 percent of the city.

May 2, 2015Islamic State fighters captured half of the Baiji oil refinery and cut supply lines for around 150
government soldiers stationed at the facility, after four days of siege.

May 4, 2015
Islamic State forces controlled almost two thirds
of the Baiji oil refinery and had advanced so far into the facility
that the Iraqi Air Force was not in a position to strike them without
damaging the complex.

May 5, 2015Heavy fighting near Sinjar, in Iraq's far northwest, left 45 Islamic State and 22 Kurdish Peshmerga fighters dead.

May 7, 2015
Islamic State forces expanded their control of the Baiji refinery to 80 percent of the facility, after Iraqi forces had suffered steady losses in the previous days.

May 12, 2015
A U.S. F-18 fighter jet supporting operations in Iraq and Syria crashed in the Persian Gulf, with both crewmembers rescued.

May 13, 2015
According to the Iraq Defence Ministry, the second-in-command of the Islamic State, Abu Alaa al-Afari, was killed in a coalition air strike in Tal Afar near Mosul. However, the U.S. denied parts of the story and did not claim to have killed al-Afari.

May 15, 2015
Islamic State fighters captured Ramadi’s government compound, which houses most of the municipal and provincial government offices. They then focused
their attack on the Anbar Operation Command, the provincial military
headquarters. Soon after, according to at least one report, the Islamic State had taken full control of Ramadi, with more than 60 police officers killed in the fighting. Islamic State fighters also captured the town of Jubba, near Al Asad Airbase northwest of Ramadi.

May 17, 2015
The Islamic State captured the last remaining military bases
in Ramadi, including the Anbar Operation Command, after a desperate
retreat by Iraqi government forces. This left Islamic State forces in control of the
city, with Iraqi troops retreating to its outskirts. An estimated 500
civilians and security forces members had been killed since the start of the IS offensive three days earlier, according to one official.

The Iraqi
Prime Minister ordered his troops not to abandon Anbar province
in the face of the Islamic State advance. Among those killed in the final push
was Col. Muthana al-Jabri, the chief of the Malaab police station, which
was hit by four near-simultaneous suicide-bombings that left 10
policemen dead and 15 wounded. Additionally, five soldiers were killed and 12
wounded when three suicide-bombers struck the gate of the Anbar
Operation Command. Two dozen police officers were also missing.

May 18, 2015
At the request of the Iraqi government, Shiite militias were assembling in Habbaniyah for an eventual counterattack on Islamic State positions in Ramadi.

May 19, 2015
Islamic State forces launched an offensive to capture the town of Khaldiya, near the Habbaniyah military base, but managed to capture only a village in its outskirts, while the attack on Khaldiya itself was repelled.

May 20, 2015
Iraqi troops and local militias reportedly recaptured Jubba, near Al Asad airbase in Anbar, from the Islamic State fighters that took it the previous week.