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﻿ that he represented in his different habitats a series of varieties of one species rather than a series of species? The evidence is of three kinds, (1) anatomical, (2) physiological, (3) cultural and psychical. 1. Dr Robert Munro, in his address to the Anthropological section of the British Association in 1893, said: "All the osseous remains of man which have hitherto been collected and examined point to the fact that, during the larger portion of the quarternary period, if not, indeed, from its very commencement, he had already acquired his human characteristics. " By "characteristics" is here meant those anatomical ones which distinguish man from other animals, not the physical criteria of the various races. Do, then, Nike Air Yeezy Shoes

Neolithic man is, speaking generally, round headed, and it has been ur.

What Professor Kollmann says of man to day was true in the remotest ages. Referring to Cuvier's statement that from a single bone it is possible to determine the very species to which an Nike Air Force Beige animal belongs, he says, "Precisely on this ground I have Air Max 90 2014

these anatomical characteristics of pleistocene man show such differences among themselves and between them and the types of man existing to day as to justify the assumption that there has ever been more than one species of man?The undoubted "osseous remains" of pleistocene man are few.

cannot be recognized, for we are unacquainted with a single tribe from a single bone of which we might with certainty determine to what species it belonged. " Such differences as the bones exhibit are progressive modifications towards the higher neolithic and modern types, and are in themselves entirely incapable of supporting the theory that the owner of the Trinil skull, say, and the "man of Spy" belonged to separate species. All these "osseous remains" belong to the palaeolithic period, and from the cranial indices it is thus clear that palaeolithic man was long headed.

Burial was not practised, and the few bones found are for the most part those which have by mere chance been preserved in caves or rock shelters. Of these the three chief "finds," in order of probable age, are the Trinil (Java) brain cap, the lowest human skull yet described, characterized by depressed cranial arch, with a cephalic index of 70; the Neanderthal (Germany) skull, remarkable for its flat retreating curve with an index of 73 76; and the two nearly perfect skeletons found at Spy (Belgium), the skulls of which exhibit enormous brow ridges with cranial indices of 70 and 75. All these skulls, taken in conjunction with other well authenticated human remains such as those found at La Naulette (Belgium), Shipka (Balkan Peninsula), Olmo (Italy), Predmert (Bohemia) and in Argentina and Brazil, make it possible to reconstruct anatomically the varying types of pleistocene man, and to establish the fact that in essential features the same primitive type has persisted through all time. The skeleton bones show differences so slight as to admit of pathological or other explanation.