A signed paper setting forth to whom it may concern the opinions of the signatories on some matter, and designed to influence public opinion. It differs from a petition in that it is not addressed to a particular official, and primarily expresses an opinion rather than urging an action. There have been two in fandom: Manifesto on Freedom of Science, a Leftist document distributed in the FAPA by the CPASF (before the "substantial extent" requirement mentioned in the preceding article); and the Washington Manifesto of the second Washington Confabulation, urging the Dixicon on the Denvention, since the '42 convention was suppose to be back in the East.