Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

Formal name: The Republic of Kazakhstan Short name: KazakhstanCapital: AstanaTerm for Citizens: Kazakhstani(s)Date of Independence: December 16th, 1991Area: 2,717,300 square kilometresTime: Three time zones:Eastern/Main Zone: GMT+6 (GMT+7 from March 28 to October 26).Central Zone: GMT+5 (GMT+6 from March 28 to October 26).Western Zone: GMT+4 (GMT+5 from March 28 to October 26).Topography: The Altay and the Tian Shan ranges are in the east and the north-east, occupying about 12 % of the territory; more than three-quarters of territory is desert or semi-desert; the biggest rivers are the Ural, the Emba, the Syr Darya, the Irtysh, the Ishim and the Tobol.Climate: Continental and very dry except in the eastern mountains, where the snowfall is heavy with wide temperature variation between winter and summer.Population: 16.9 million people (2012 estimate); growth rate is -1.0% a year; 54% of population is urban, 46% rural. About 126 nations; 63.6% of population are Kazakhs.Language: Kazakh, Russian.Religion: Sunni Muslims -47%; Russians Orthodox-44 %; Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Buddhists and others-9 %. Education: Compulsory secondary education - 11 years; there are 126 universities.Health: Health care is generally free of charge; some efficient private practices have been introduced recently.Culture: Culture is based on traditional nomadic lifestyle; handicrafts, variety of food and very rich musical culture.Major industries: Mining industry, especially oil and gas production, metal processing, machine building, chemicals, textiles, food processing, agriculture, grain production.
Main trading partners: Russia, Ukraine, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, South Korea and China.Ecology: Major problem to be solved as a result of industrial influence. Money: Currency - Tenge (KZT).Popular tourist destinations: Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve, Almaty, Burabai, Taraz, Turkestan, and Zailiyski Alatau.

Kazakhstan

In Central Asia if we see a country in greater perspective then we think of Kazakhstan – the land which is blended with numerous racial groupings of Turkic people or in broader sense we can say Turco-Mongol nations. The earliest migration of Turkic tribes in the 2nd millennium BC from Mongolian steppes entering the region more known as Dzhungar Plateau – some settled in the region and some mixed with already settled tribes or cousin tribes like Scythians pushing them further westwards and other directions. These Turkic tribes continued migration westwards what is today’s Turkey around 11th century AD.
Until the invasion of Mongols these small ethnic groups of Turkic origin roamed the steppes of present day Kazakhstan. The onslaught of Mongols, their cousin brothers was of great impact which had its effects in far away regions in the history of mankind. After the establishment of a strong Turco-Mongol confederacy the heirs of Ghenghiz Khan sub-divided their empire in to various segments which were later called the ‘Great Khannates’ ruling from Mongolia to the banks of Don. But it was until the Girey and Janibeg tribes who along with huge nomadic followers into Zhetysu (the land of seven rivers or Semirechye) this was the heart of present day Kazakhstan forming the nation of Kazakhs. This was divided into three major hordes of people as follows:

a) Greater Horde – Uli Juz

b) Central Horde – Orta Juz

c) Lesser Horde – Kisi Juz

Today in their private concourse and relationship above affiliations are still regarded as very important at the time of tie knot or making matrimonial alliances.
The strongest of steppe Khannate under the able Ablai Khan who fought against his odd enemies establishing a strong federation of tribes in 18th Century till the invasion of Tzarist Russian armies and later under the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan under went agricultural revolution earning it the name of bread bed of Soviet Union while on the dark side its remote parts were chosen to be forced labor camps where some well known people were thrown at the mercy of nature and human barbarism. After the fall of Soviet Union, Kazakhstan is striding hard to lead in the comity of nations. Kazakhstan has huge resource of national wealth and this from over thousands of years being utilized from time to time. Kazakhstan is the land where Tamerlane picks up his motherhood and spiritual father – the revered Ahmad Yassawi

Kazakhstan occupies 2.724, 900 sq kms million sq of land with a population of 17 million souls.
The population density is about 5.9 sq kms.

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