INTERVENTION BY THE HOLY SEE DELEGATIONAT THE
SEMINAR OF THE O.S.C.E.ON "JUDICIAL SYSTEMS AND HUMAN RIGHTS"

Tuesday, 23 April 2002

Mr. Chairman,

At the opening of this Seminar on "Judicial systems and
human rights" – which is taking place in the framework of the
"human dimension" of the OSCE - the Delegation of the Holy See would
like to present the following considerations.

1. Judicial systems constitute a progressive conquest of
civilization and of respect for human dignity. Therefore, they contribute to
the cultural heritage of humanity and they have always been a part of the
cultural heritage of the Church. Deprived of judicial protection, rights run
the risk of losing their nature as "goods that are due" and are
subordinated to the subjective decision of others. Judicial instruments
guarantee the enforcement of substantive rights. Since Classical times the
Roman juridical civilization has stressed that it is through the legal process
that those rights are effectively recognized. Therefore the success of the
rule of law rests also on the organization of the administration of justice.

2. The success of the rule of law cannot be separated from the
recognition of and from respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms,
which no human institution can alter or eliminate. The defense and promotion
of democracy therefore requires respect for human rights. Even more so,
respect for them is the limit of democracy.

No single human right is safe if we do not commit ourselves to
respect all human rights. When we violate one of them – or we endanger it
– claiming that in doing so we protect the others, we are in fact
endangering all of them. In this sense a "global approach" to human
rights is indispensable. They are in fact inter-connected, being the
expression of different dimensions of a single subject. The integral promotion
of every category of human rights is the true guarantee of full respect for
each individual right.

In the OSCE area there are different juridical systems. What
matters is the awareness that beyond the "systems" themselves, what
counts is "justice", and beyond that the "human being".

In this light we may add that respect for the universality and
indivisibility of human rights in the exercise of judicial authority gives
decisive support to the construction of peace and – rightly so – is part
of the comprehensive approach to security that characterizes the work of the
OSCE, since its beginning.

3. Nowadays our Organization deals with phenomena, which in
the past years have evolved and spread dramatically, as is evident to all of
us. Let us think, for instance, of terrorism, organized crime and trafficking
in human beings.

In dealing with these crimes, the administration of justice
can benefit from the new opportunities provided by recent technological
developments. A difficulty may arise in trying to combine recourse to those
useful tools with the systems of evidence and proof that are today required by
the codes of procedure. The possible evolution of these systems ought to be
aimed at ensuring the most efficacious protection of those involved in legal
proceedings.

4. In these days we shall also consider ways to improve the
performance of the judiciary in protecting human rights.

Human rights literacy of those who administer justice is
certainly important in this respect, and therefore it is essential educating
and training them in this field.

It is also important to establish a legal culture that
considers the judicial system as an effective way to protect human rights.

5. As far as access to justice is concerned, the Holy See
underlines the need to avoid:

- abuses fuelled by the desire to create scandals instead of
seeking restoration of a denied right or compensation for a harm inflicted;

- high costs that make it more difficult for the poor to have
access to justice.

A sound administration of justice must also avoid the
occurrence of long delays in proceedings that can amount to a "de
facto" denial of justice.

6. Finally, an essential concern of this Seminar is to
safeguard the independence of the judiciary.

At the Copenhagen meeting of 1990 the Participating States
declared that the independence of judges and the impartial operation of the
public judicial service is "among those elements of justice which are
essential to the full expression of the inherent dignity and of the equal and
inalienable rights of all human beings".

The Holy See shares this observation and therefore is
convinced that the independence of the judiciary is essentially ordered to the
protection of the parties involved in the legal process. Therefore in every
judicial system a sound balance between the independence and the arbitrariness
of the exercise of the judicial function is to be guaranteed.

The independence and the moral integrity of judges contribute
to avoiding decisions that pursue what is politically correct rather than what
is true, and safeguard the constitutive values of society, among which human
rights and fundamental freedoms are primary.