Non-wood
forest products from conifers

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the
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M-37
ISBN 92-5-104212-8

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Figure 1.1 The world’s largest conifer, the General Sherman
Tree, Sequoia - Kings Canyon National Park, California (USA)
Figure 1.2 Pinus longaeva in California’s White Mountains
(USA) are the oldest known trees
Figure 1.3 Natural conifer forests: A. Juniperus procera,
Maralal, Kenya, B. Pinus brutia, Isle of Rhodes, Greece, C. Araucaria
araucana, Conguillio National Park, Chile, D. Pinus roxburghii,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Figure 2.1 Tile silhouette of Araucaria angustifolia
in a sidewalk, Curitiba, Brazil
Figure 2.2 Landscape with
Araucaria angustifolia made
of inlaid woods, southern Brazil
Figure 3.1Araucaria columnaris is widely used
as a landscape tree in the tropics (Lanai City, Lanai, Hawaii, USA)
Figure 3.2 Extensive plantings of columnar cultivars of Cupressus
sempervirens in the Tuscany region of Italy has given the landscape
a special character
Figure 3.3 Planting of Araucaria angustifolia along a
golf course, Curitiba, Brazil
Figure 3.4 Christmas tree production in Canada by Province -
1994
Figure 3.5 A Juniperus procumbens bonsai in the shakan
style
Figure 3.6 Bonsai, Pinus parviflora for sale in a street
market in Hefei, Anhui Province, China
Figure 4.1 A rural resident in the state of Toluca, Mexico returns
home with boughs of Abies religiousa. Greenery from this tree is
used to decorate churches and homes during religious festivals
Figure 4.2 Baskets made from the needles of Pinus caribaea
by the Misketa Indians, Puerto Cabezas, Nicaragua
Figure 5.1 Building in Balochistan Province, Pakistan with roof
made from strips of the bark of Juniperus excelsaFigure 5.2 The western yew,
Taxus brevifolia, is a prime
source of the anti-cancer drug, taxol
Figure 5.3 Close up of the foliage of Taxus brevifolia.Figure 6.1 Resin collection on Pinus massoniana, Anhui
Province, China
Figure 6.2 A woman collects resin from Pinus merkusii,
Vinh Province, Vietnam
Figure 8.1 Edible seeds of
Pinus edulisFigure 8.2 An Anasazi cliff dwelling in northern New Mexico,
USA. Some anthropologists believe that it was the occurrence of Pinus
edulis, which provided a stable food source, that allowed an advanced
civilization to develop in this region
Figure 8.3 A forest of Pinus edulis in Owl Canyon, near
Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.This stand is some150-km north-east of the
main distribution of this species
and may be the result of indigenous people accidentally spilling seed
along an
ancient trade route
Figure 8.4 A grove of Pinus pinea, south of Rome, Italy
The edible seeds of this species are important in international trade
Figure 8.5 Packaged nuts of Pinus koraiensis. The nuts
of this species are harvested in China and exported world-wide
Figure 8.6Chilgoza, the edible nuts of Pinus gerardiana,
for sale in a market in Quetta, Balochistan Province, Pakistan
Figure 8.7 Nuts of Araucaria angustifolia, theseare
an important food item in southern Brazil and adjoining portions of Argentina
Figure 8.8 The fruits of
Juniperus communis are an important
ingredient in manufacture of gin and a traditional spice in a number of
continental European dishes
Figure 8.9 Bird curio made from a cone of Pinus roxburgii,
Uttar Pradesh, India
Figure 9.1 Mature larva of the Pandora moth, Coloradia Pandora
This
insect defoliates several pine species in western North America and is
a traditional food of the Paiute tribe of the Owens Valley -Mono Lake area
of California, USA
Figure 9.2 The wolf lichen,
Letharia vulpina, is a traditional
source of yellow dye for the Tlingit Indians of Alaska
Figure 9.3 Areal shoots of the dwarf mistetoe, Arceuthobium
occidentalis, a parasite of Pinus sabiniana. This plant was
used for medicinal purposes by indigenous tribes in California, USA
Figure 9.4 Dwarf mistletoe,
Arceuthobium oxycedri, infections
on Juniperus excelsa, Balochistan Province, Pakistan. The shoots
of this parasitic plant are
gathered by herdsmen as a food for livestock