NicanderOfColophon

, a celebrated grammarian,
poet, and physician, flourished in the 160th olympiad,
about 140 B. C. in the reign of Attains; or, according to
some, in the time of PtolemyPhiladelphia. Suidas tells
us, that he was the son of Xenophon of Colophon, a town
in Ionia and observes, that, according to others, he was
a native of Ætolia but, if we may believe Nicander himself, he was born in the neighbourhood of the temple of
Apollo, at Claros, a little town in Ionia, near Colophon
yet the name of his father was Damphæus.*

*

The passage is in the beginning
of one of his poems, where he says,
that he was neighbour to Apollo of
Claros: and Suidas tells us, that the
temple of Claros, where that god gave
his oracles, was very near Colophon;
so that his birth might be at Colophon,
and not actually at Claros.

He was
called an Ætolian, only because he lived many years in
that country, and wrote a history of it. A great number
of writings are ascribed to him, of which we have remaining only two: one entitled “Theriaca;” describing, in
verse, the accidents which attend wounds made by venomoug beasts, with the proper remedies; the other, “Alexipharmaca” in which he treats of poisons and their antiuotes, or counter-poisons †

†

Among these he mentions only
two that were extracted from minerals,
the litharge and the ceruse, which shews
there was no other known at that time;
all the rest were extracted either from
plants or animals, of which the most
pernicious was that called Toxicum;
not described by the botanists, be-

cause, no doubt, they knew not from
which plant it was extracted, or indeed
what it was, though they were no
strangers to the ill effects of it. And
the same thing is seen at this day, in
regard to some drugs which are used
in physic, while nobody knows whether
they are derived from plants or animals, or how they are prepared, as
coming from foreign countries. Nicander ranks opium among the poisons. Le Clerc, Hist. de Med.

these are both excellent
| poems. Demetrius Phalereus, Theon, Plutarch, and Diphilus of Laodicea, wrote commentaries upon the first;
and we have still extant very learned Greek “Scholia”
upon both, the author of which is not known; though Vossius imagines they were made by Diphilus just mentioned.
He wrote also “Ophiaca,” upon serpents; “Hyacinthia,' 1
a collection of remedies, and a commentary upon the” Prognostics of Hippocrates“in verse. The Scholiast of
Nicander cites the two first of these, and Suidas mentions
two others. Athenseus also cites, in several places, some
poetical works of our author upon agriculture, called his” Georgics,“which were known likewise to Curio. Besides these he composed five books of” Metamorphoses,“some verses of which are copied by Tzetzes, and the” Metamorphoses“of Antonius Liberalis were apparently taken
from those of Nicander. He composed also several historical works, among which” The History of Colophon,“his birth-place, is cited by Athenaeus we are told likewise of his history of Ætolia, Bœotia, and Thebes, and of” A History and description of Europe in general.“He
was undoubtedly an author of merit, and deserves those
eulogiums which are given of him in some epigrams in the” Anthologia.“This Nicander has been confounded with
Nicander the grammarian of Thyatira, by Stephanus Byzantius: and Vossius, in giving the titles of the books
written by both these Nicanders, does not distinguish them
very clearly. Merian, in his essay on the influence of the
sciences on poetry (in the Memoirs of the royal academy of Berlin for 1776), mentions Nicander to show the antipathy that there is between the language of poetry and the
subjects which he treated. He considers Nicander as a
therapeutic bard, who versified for the apothecaries, a
grinder of anecdotes, who sung of scorpions, toads, and
spiders. The” Theriaca“and” Alexipharmaca“are inserted in the Corp. Poet. Greec. Of separate editions, the
best is that of Aldus, 1522; of the” Theriaca,“that of
Bandini, 1764, 8yo, and of the” Alexipharmaca," that of
Schneider, 1792, 8vo. 1

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