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10 April, 2016

Red Shift and the "Quantum Bounce" (PART 1)

Introduction

The current evident interest in the idea of a Black
Hole/White Hole Bounce which was suggested in order to “explain” the recently
observed bursts of Radio Waves in Space, may sound somewhat like that idea of a
collapsing Universe immediately turning into an on-going expansion of a seemingly,
completely new one - but the theorists involved in the new suggestions don’t
make that connection at all, for they are solely concerned with forcibly-adding
as much “evidence” as possible into their pre-existing, purely-formal theories
– in this case concerned with Loop Quantum Gravity (perhaps).

Hence, the whole exercise is totally non-physical! It
amounts to formal/mathematical research, without an overt physical basis, yet
again extrapolating to “infinity and beyond”!

But, surely, what is really required is a physical,
explanatory assault upon such concrete data, along with the best possible
physical models of what are supposed to be the entities and happenings
involved? Any purely formal route is doomed to failure, for it has to be an
incorrect path with its purely descriptive premises, so that it cannot
take real explanation any further!

The physical premises, for those purely formal theories must be exposed, criticised and replaced, and a truly scientific attempt made
to explain such phenomena physically undertaken.

The problem is that the total abandonment of explanatory
theories in modern day Physics, leaves current theorists without a model to
criticise and improve upon. Forms cannot be criticised! We have to work back
from their current theories to expose what physical premises were assumed.

An Intrinsic Red Shift?

The Electric Universe group talk about a cosmic Red Shift
that isn’t caused by a Doppler Effect - transforming the frequencies being
observed. They assume instead that it is intrinsic to different modes of
production within the developing atom.

Now, presumably, the usual explanation of radiation emitted
by atoms assumes a particular context – say, in a vacuum, or, if not, they must
be making the productions totally independent of any context!

Now, it is most probably the latter, but if a Universal Substrate
exists, and is present not only as context for all atoms, but turns out to even
be present within all atoms too, things could be different! For then,
distortion of that substrate in extreme, external conditions, will definitely
affect the electron orbits inside atoms, and cause changes in both emission and
absorption frequencies, when such orbital transactions occur. This might be the
only intrinsic modification of the emissions and absorptions in radiation, and
hence will, in such extreme cases, affect the Red Shift too!

NOTE: As Red Shifts are so common, it would seem that the electron
orbits must all be at lower energies, so that transitions down to lower energy
levels will also be lower – towards the red end of the spectrum.

Now, we know that Solid, Liquid and Gas concentrations of
atoms do not change the characteristic frequencies of emitted or absorbed
radiation, so those modes of matter cannot change how atoms normally work! To find intrinsic modifications of the characteristic frequencies,
we must consider extreme circumstances not usually encountered in the usual
matter-phase modes. But, if those extreme conditions were to affect the
Universal Substrate, that would also affect the insides of atoms, whatever
phase they were in, and hence deliver the effects we are trying to explain. It could well be that normal phases are not extreme enough
to make significant changes to the substrate. What must be involved will be
conditions well beyond the usual ones.

It could be when stable concentrations of the Substrate are
well outside the normal – in circumstances, for example when Matter is very
highly concentrated, as in a Black Hole, or, alternatively, very sparsely
concentrated, as at, or “beyond”, the Edge of the Universe! This being the case, we can assume that, within such an
entity, the nature of the Substrate inside it can be significantly changed, so
that the natural quantised orbits will
occur at different radii, due to different energy levels.

If we also go to the opposite extreme and consider the
effects around the edges, then, once more, the electron orbits within the atom
will be changed but in the opposite direction, due to the sparse nature of the
Substrate.

Now, if these extreme cases are to throw light upon such
things as the Red Shift, we will have to consider very carefully, what will be
changed.

Obviously, when general radiation is so “red-shifted” (as
seems to be the case for distant sources), we must adjust our measurements, to
include the fact that we will be looking into the past, sometime long ago as
well as far into the distance. It seems that, in this pretty well universal case, we may
well be talking about the possible evolution of the Universal Substrate. It is
unlikely to have always been there, exactly as we conceive it now!

It must have changed over time, as did everything else, and
therefore, could not have been completely unaffected by the developments with
which it had to be connected.

Remember, because looking into the distance in Space also
means looking into the past, we already have evidence for the developments of
Stars and even Galaxies.

For example, if some kind of Big Bang did happen, how does
the establishment of the Universal Substrate fit into that changing scenario? And,
even if some form of the Substrate preceded that Big Bang, it would unavoidably
be successively modified both by that calamitous Event and its following
consequences, with effects sweeping outwardsfrom that “Point of Origin”.

In addition, we have to consider a natural “Temperature” of
the Substrate over time. In current theories of the Universal Substrate it
underpins many phenomena that use it as both sink and source for energy.

So the Substrate could always have contained a measure of
Energy, either in the internal orbits of its component units, or in “whole
unit” oscillations or translational travel too!

Hence the propagation of other energy would be promoting the
internal orbits to levels above those necessary for its initial establishment,
and any due to a general state of a region – its so-called “Temperature”!

NOTE: Though a particular unit with a promoted internal
orbit will immediately demote it by transferring a quantum to another “empty”
unit, when a whole area has all units with extra energy they will effectively
equalise to the same internal “Temperature”.

This being the case, we have to consider how propagation
would be affected. Remember, we have assumed that the Substrate does not alter
the nature the propagation of so-called radiation: whatever it is, it will be propagated totally unchanged! But first, how does our unit of Substrate manage that, and
secondly, how may this be changed by circumstances?

NOTE: If the theories (of this researcher) concerning the
role of the Universal Substrate, within an atom, and concerning quantized
electrical orbits, are true, then the vortices caused in that substrate, by the
orbiting of an electron, will be changed, if the Substrate differs from the
classical form during extreme circumstances.

Clearly, if, for example, the density of the Substrate units
were significantly changed (for some external reasons) the necessary matching
of the orbit with the rotations of its caused vortices to bring about quantized
orbits would also change, and the orbits will be at different radii (and different
energy levels) though still close to what they were in normal circumstances.

We must determine how the behaviour of the vortices will be
affected in a more densely packed Substrate within the atom. Now, if this
caused the transitions between energy levels to be slightly lower, the energy
of the released radiation would be lass, and the frequency would undergo a Red
Shift – one that is intrinsic to the “Atom plus Substrate” system in those
conditions. Also, a crucial factor (perhaps within or very close to a Black
Hole) could involve a truly massive matter density, which might well distort the
relationship between the orbiting electrons and the Substrate.

The more pressing problem is to explain the Red Shift that
is merely from distant and past objects, but is internal rather than due to
Doppler Shift. How could the radiation be altered either in initial
production within the atom, or in transit while being propagated by units of
the substrate?

A word about method!

Notice the very different demands upon Theory, between
fitting formal (or even statistical) patterns to measured data, and the
alternative of explaining that data via physical reasons in some form of
concrete analogistic model. The former method is purely formal and includes no
content or context information: it is merely a quantitative form-fitting to
pre-existing ideal mathematical forms, whereas the latter MUST involve both
content and context and explain phenomena in terms of substances and their
properties in particular defining conditions.

Arp's Quasar-Galaxy associations challenge the received wisdom on Red Shift

Addendum:

Halton Arp’s astronomical data may well be crucial in
alighting upon a reasonable theory of intrinsic Red Shift. His data will have
to be carefully studied, but at his Electric Universe Conference presentation
he associated Red Shift with the initial creation and development of galaxies,
which he gave evidence to show “budded-off” the hubs of mature galaxies and
moved away perpendicular to the plane of the parent galaxy. What were most
interesting were the changing Red Shifts as these new-born sub-galaxies moved
away, for the Red Shift decline in seemingly quantised steps! It inferred that
something determined these particular values, either in initial production or
as they changed over time.

An explanation of these data if validated more generally,
would imply similar possibilities on a galactic scale to those considered on a sub-atomic
one – indeed, with a substrate at all levels.

About Me

I am a retired lecturer and full-time writer. As the truth of Science has been my major concern throughout my life, I cannot conceive of teaching it in an uncritical, passive way. It's truth or error is THE question, and its improvement must be my main purpose. Teaching for me is Philosophy, and that means taking a stand on all sorts of issues, not sitting on the fence!