Poliovirus and Zika: What’s Past is Prologue

Proper scientific studies have not been done to prove a causal relationship between the Zika virus and microcephaly.

Similarly, proper scientific methodology may not have been followed to prove the existence of a poliovirus.

Consequently, there may not exist what has come to be widely known and accepted as the poliovirus.

In December 2015, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue from two newborn babies and two miscarriages in Brazil diagnosed with microcephaly were provided by the Brazilian government to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for “histopathologic evaluation and laboratory testing” for “suspected Zika infection.”1The newborns, which had been born at 36 and 38 weeks gestation, died within 20 hours of birth. The miscarriages were from fetuses at 11 and 13 weeks.1

Samples included brain and other autopsy tissues from the two newborns, a placenta from one of the newborns, and products of conception from the two miscarriages.1

CDC scientists determined that the placenta samples from two fetal miscarriages tested positive for the Zika virus, and that the tissue samples from the two newborns also showed evidence of Zika.

FFPE tissues were tested by Zika virus reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting the nonstructural protein 5 and envelope genes using general methods for RT-PCR, and by immunohistochemistry using a mouse polyclonal anti-Zika virus antibody, using methods previously described. Specific specimens from all four cases were positive by RT-PCR, and sequence analysis provided further evidence of Zika virus infection, revealing highest identities with Zika virus strains isolated from Brazil during 2015. In the newborns, only brain tissue was positive by RT-PCR assays. Specimens from two of the four cases were positive by immunohistochemistry: viral antigen was noted in mononuclear cells (presumed to be glial cells and neurons within the brain) of one newborn, and within the chorionic villi from one of the miscarriages.1

Lyle Petersen, MD, director of the CDC’s division of vector-borne diseases, said that the results of these tests offered the “strongest evidence to date of a possible link between Zika virus and microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities.” But Dr. Petersen stopped short of declaring a causal relationship.2

The fact that the tissue from the two newborns with microcephaly tested positive for the Zika virus is not evidence that the virus caused the microcephaly. By the same token, the fact that the tissue from the two miscarriages tested positive for Zika is not evidence that the virus caused the miscarriages or that the two fetuses had microcephaly, or that the virus would have been the cause of the microcephaly had it been determined that the fetuses showed signs of the birth defect. Correlation is simply not the same as causality.

The mere presence of a virus is not scientific evidence that the virus caused something to occur. Before a causal relationship can be established between Zika and microcephaly, in depth studies must be conducted on thousands of babies—both those born with microcephaly and without microcephaly—and studies enrolling pregnant women prospectively and monitoring their health and fetal development throughout pregnancy should be conducted. There must also be conclusive laboratory evidence. None of this has yet taken place.

This kind of scientific research did not take place in 1908 when Austrian physicians Karl Landsteiner, MD and Erwin Popper, MD are said to have discovered the poliovirus. In that landmark year in the history of poliomyelitis, or “polio,” Drs. Landsteiner and Popper “deduced the viral nature of polio by carefully filtering preparations of spinal cord fluid” from a 9-year old boy who had been paralyzed and was thought to have apparently died of severe complications of a four-day viral infection at the Children’s Clinic in the Wilhelminen Hospital in Vienna, Austria, an infection that would eventually be called poliomyelitis.345

These preparations, as investigative journalist Janine Roberts has described it, were a “suspension in water of minced diseased spinal cord…”6

They had tested this noxious suspension by injecting one or two cups of it directly into the brains of two monkeys. The monkeys fell severely ill (as might have been predicted). One died and the other had its legs paralysed. The scientists then dissected the monkeys and found damage in their central nervous tissues similar to that found in human cases of infantile paralysis.6

By this reasoning, Drs. Landsteiner and Popper claimed that they had found some sort of “invisible virus” that ultimately came to be known as the “poliovirus.” Remember, though, Drs. Landsteiner and Popper never actually saw the virus, but rather “deduced” it. They did not see the virus because they did not have the technology to do so. The first electron microscope with the ability to view viruses was not invented until 1931,78and the first image of what has become known as the poliovirus was not taken until 1953.8

Reviewing these historical facts, three questions arise. The first is, “How did Drs. Landsteiner and Popper know that the 9-year old boy from which they had taken spinal cord fluid samples actually had polio?”

Prior to the 1950s when the first polio vaccine was developed by Jonas Salk, MD, “many distinct diseases were naively grouped under the umbrella of ‘polio,'” according to Suzanne Humphries, MD and Roman Bystrianyk in their book Dissolving Illusions: Disease, Vaccines, and The Forgotten History.9

Only after the vaccine was widely accepted was there an effort to distinguish poliovirus from other types of paralytic disease. The following list represents a few that could have been categorized and documented as polio prior to 1958: Enteroviruses such as Coxsackie and ECHO; Undiagnosed congenital syphilis; Arsenic and DDT toxicity; Transverse myelitis; Guillain-Barré syndrome; Provocation of limb paralysis by intramuscular injections of many types, including a variety of vaccines; Hand, foot, and mouth disease; Lead poisoning.9

For all Landsteiner and Popper knew in 1908, the paralysis suffered by the 9-year old boy may have been caused by any number of factors. The paralysis could easily have been caused by arsenic or lead poisoning. Arsenic, in particular, was a big killer throughout the 1800s and early-1900s. During the late-1800s and early-1900s, arsenic was added to foods as a preservative.10During the 1890s and early-1900s, throughout the United States and Europe, there were frequent epidemics of lead poisoning from contaminated water in pipes.11

So perhaps the 9-year old boy became paralyzed in much the same way that many children were paralyzed during the 1940s and 1950s by the toxic pesticide DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane).12 As Dr. Humphries and Bystrianyk note, “The diagnostic criteria for polio were very loose prior to the field trials for the [polio] vaccine in 1954.”9

Drs. Landsteiner and Popper diagnosed the boy as having a communicable viral infection that caused paralysis (eventually called polio). They assumed he had polio. But there was no way for them to scientifically demonstrate that the boy was infected with poliovirus. This leads to the second question, which is, “What caused one of the monkeys to die and the other to become paralyzed?”

The first monkey became violently ill on the sixth day and died on the eighth. He lay on the floor of his cage and his power to move his limbs was not investigated. After death changes typical of anterior poliomyeletis were found. The second monkey was noted to have lost all power in the hind legs on the seventeenth day. No paralysis was present on the twelfth, although it may have been present before the seventeenth in some degree. He was killed on the nineteenth day and again typical pathological changes were found in the central nervous system. From the spinal cord of this monkey inoculations were made into two other monkeys with negative results. The conclusion of these authors is that ‘a so-called invisible virus, that is, one belonging to the class of the protozoa, is the cause of the disease.’

The spinal cord fluid concoction that Drs. Landsteiner and Popper injected into the two monkeys could have had lots of harmful ingredients that may have caused neurological damage.

The fluid they injected must have contained much human cellular debris, any toxins involved in the child’s illness, and probably several kinds of viruses. So, it was no wonder the monkeys fell so desperately ill. Such a soup could in no way be considered an ‘isolate’ of the tiny organism we now call a virus. It was also strangely non-infectious for a so-called virus, for the monkeys were not paralysed when made to drink it or when one of their limbs was injected with it, nor did they pass it on to other monkeys. The experiment, in fact, shed no light on what had paralysed the monkeys, and for that matter, the children.6

The death of one of the monkeys and the paralysis of the other may have been caused, not by any specific virus, but rather by having needles stuck in their brain and being injected with foreign cellular tissue, toxins from whatever the boy was suffering of, as well as any number of unknown viruses or bacteria.

So if there was no way to scientifically know for sure that the 9-year old boy had polio virus infection, and it is just as possible that the boy could as easily have suffered from arsenic or lead poisoning, and it is entirely possible that the two monkeys became ill (one paralyzed) from the injection of many harmful substances, then the so-called discovery of a the poliovirus itself becomes open to question. The entire process appears to have developed less through scientific methods proving causation and more byway of a series of personal assumptions and correlations.

Yet, the belief in the discovery of the poliovirus took hold and grew during the first half of the 20th century. The belief was seldom questioned within the medical and scientific communities. But the belief was not based on solid evidence that qualifies as good science. In his commencement address, at McGill University in Montreal, Canada in June 1990 titled “The Germ Theory of Disease and The Hunt for the Poliovirus,”13John C. Polanyi, PhD, a Hungarian-Canadian chemist who won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, questioned how any scientist could “credibly claim that injecting cellular debris into the skull of a monkey proves a virus to cause polio?”13

The more I read of what are supposed to be the victories of polio research, the more I have been, quite frankly, appalled. During the 1920s and 1930s all kinds of biological materials-spinal cord, brain, faecal matter, even flies-were ground up and injected into monkey brains to induce paralysis, causing great harm to many animals—all in the hope that such experiments would explain why humans were getting summer polio.

The method they used to exclude bacteria from their injected sample of backbone was also quite extraordinary. They put some of the backbone suspension into a dish and watched to see what happened. They reported: ‘If there was no [bacterial] growth after approximately 22 hours of incubation at 37 C., the specimen was considered suitable for inoculation into monkeys. This was not a sterility test, since growth would usually occur on longer incubation; it was rather an indication of the amount of bacterial contamination in the specimen.’ Slow growing bacteria were thus deliberately not removed—and no toxin was looked for —yet they knew these might well be present.13

Dr. Polanyi did not believe that Drs. Landsteiner and Popper and other polio researchers who followed up their work had succeeded in isolating a poliovirus or any other kind of virus.

From all I read, I was forced to conclude that these ‘scientists’ shared a doctrinal conviction that the cause of polio must be a particular virus and could be nothing else. They routinely described as ‘isolated virus’ what was nothing much more than fluid from a cell culture contaminated with many diverse particles and possibly toxins. What else but an irrational belief in a theory could so blind these scientists?13

Finally, the last question—”Then what did scientists see in 1953 when they took an image of the ‘poliovirus’ with their electron microscope?”According to Janine Roberts, in the late-1940s, Jonas Salk “found among the debris and toxins of ‘viral isolates’ from monkey brain experiments what he believed to be the poliovirus.”6

What Dr. Salk found was the product of experiments conducted by Gilbert Dalldorf, MD and Grace M. Sickles, MD of the New York State Department of Health in 1948-49. According to Dr. Polanyi, Drs. Dalldorf and Sickles “claimed to have ‘isolated’ in the faeces of paralyzed children an ‘unidentified, filterable agent’ or ‘virus’ that might be the cause of polio.”

They had done so by diluting the excrement of polio-victims. They said they took a ‘20% faecal suspension, prepared by ether treatment and centrifugation.’ (Ether to kill bacteria and centrifugation to remove large particles.) This they had injected ‘intracerebrally into mice’—meaning into the living brains of mice. The result was ‘suckling mice, 3-7 days of age, became paralyzed…’

So what had they proved with this experiment? Surely, only that paralysis could be induced in young mice by injecting diseased human excrement into their young brains? I was utterly shocked that serious scientists could get away with describing this as the successful ‘isolation’ of a virus that they had thus proved to cause polio in humans.

The highly respected bacteriologist Claus Jungeblut critically stated that such ‘viral isolates,’ including those developed by Salk and other vaccine scientists, had not been proved to cause polio—as they had not been shown to give monkeys the disease found in human cases of infantile paralysis—and thus had failed to meet the Koch Postulates.

In fact quite the contrary had been demonstrated. Jungeblut said the virus would be so changed or mutated by the way these vaccine scientists passaged it through monkey cells that it would be quite unlike the wild virus by the time it was used for a vaccine. He concluded: ‘The highly specialized … virus which has been maintained in the past by intra-cerebral passage in rhesus monkeys is more likely a laboratory artefact than the agent which causes the natural disease in man.’

Dr. Polanyi also noted that Drs. Dalldorf and Sickles had reason to believe there was another “agent” apart from their poliovirus that could have been a factor in causing paralysis.

It also might not be the only agent at work. Dalldorf and Sickles thought at one point that they had detected an agent at work alongside the ‘poliovirus,’ helping to cause polio. ‘The patients we studied may possibly have been coincidentally infected with the new agent and classical poliomyelitis virus.’ They tried to test the putative ‘new agent’ but it was ‘not successful in [causing disease in] the rhesus monkey.13

In short, even though the medical and scientific communities credit Drs. Landsteiner and Popper for the “discovery” of the “poliovirus,” the image of what we have come to recognize as the “poliovirus” is owed to the work of Drs. Dalldorf and Sickles.

This tiny particle, some 24-30 nm (thousand millionths of a meter) in width, isolated from excrement, thus became the basis of our polio vaccine. Dr Salk developed the first commercial polio vaccine with virus found in ‘the pooled faeces of three healthy children in Cleveland. It was not found in the victims of polio.13

It is this kind of “science” based on assumptions that is now being pursued in what appears to be a frantic, irrational campaign to tie the Zika virus to microcephaly at all cost, and then invest what could end up being billions in tax dollars to research, develop and test a Zikca vaccine that public health officials will subsequently recommend, or even mandate, that all pregnant women receive.

10 Responses to "Poliovirus and Zika: What’s Past is Prologue"

Lisa March 1, 2016 at 10:51 am

On the issue of correlation vs causality, I am reminded that if all high schoolers were required to take a logics class, there would be a chance that correlations such as above issue would not be assumed to have a causal relationship by the public masses and our researchers might be held accountable for the political junk science that makes up most of our valuably held health assumptions these days.

Thank you Marcos…excellent excellent article.
Anyone who followed the HIV story after the hype of the 80’s knows that the PCR test has been for the money seeking, emerging disease loving CDC, a miracle for the false reporting of virus isolation. IT IS NOT A TEST FOR ISOLATION!! It can only detect nano fragments of DNA or RNA of a microbe or anything else the fragment could be. There’s no way of positive identification of the fragment. And that it is an RT-PCR test is even more chimera. RT or reverse transcriptatse is no sign of a specific virus or pathogen as RT happens in most cells in the body. Ask Kary Mullis PHd who invented it and wrote the forward for Peter Duesbergs seminal book “Inventing the AIDS Virus”. This is how CDC/NIH/NIC et. al. have been able to invent new viruses or blame them for what they are not responsible for since it’s invention in 1987 I believe. AND ignore the gold standard for microbe/pathogen isolation and causation, Kochs Postulates.
Because microcephaly has many other known causes, it is preposterous they are wasting our time and money on this wild goose chase ultimately saying that they’ve found an antigen they think is a reaction to a non-specific ?? virus? bacteria?. This is important because they can develop a worthless antigen test like they have for HIV, which doesn’t detect a virus, only it’s supposed antigens. And of course then the worthless but highly dangerous vaccine.
All the while distracting any research/epidemiology into the possible links to toxins, poisons by the chemical/pesticide industry.

Other posts have mentioned the high vaccination rate of pregnant mothers in Brazil and the use of a pesticide pyriproxyfen in the water.

And Marcos, great exposure of the follies of the “discovery” of the polio virus. Jeanine Roberts is/was a great researcher and in her book, “Fear of the Invisible” – how scared should we be of viruses, vaccines, HIV and AIDS?” she exposes the medical/science inter-agency misconduct and manipulation of studies, trials, data and the pursuit of fame and fortune.

Other good reads:
“Serious Adverse Events – An Uncensored History of AIDS” – by Celia Farber
“Dissolving Illusions – Disease, Vaccines and the Forgotten History” by Suzanne Humphries, MD and Roamn Bystrainyk.

Thanks for the other reading suggestions, Jim. I have also read about suspicions of the GM mosquitoes released in these same areas. They tamper with the mosquito genes that allow proper organ development thus the larvae never reach maturity. It is suspected that the bites of these GM mosquitoes may also effect the human mothers with developing fetuses. So that’s another path to think about besides the pesticide poisoning. It could be that the “blame the zika” game is to distract from one of the true causes that would result in lawsuit$ and reputation damage.

My Mom was a secretary in the office of the director of CDC for 36 years. The last Director she knew there was Julie Gerberding. She was not in any part of the facility where scientists were working and experimenting. As the years went on, her body started to make, at least at the time, what were being called ‘antibodies’, to all of these exotic diseases they were bringing into CDC. And maybe what I am assuming were real Antibodies were something else. I have no way of knowing for sure because at the time I knew nothing about vaccines. She was frequently called in to Emory University Hospital to give blood to some injured person recently returned from a 3rd world country with some unknown or exotic disease. I have no idea whether her transfusions saved anyone. My point is how she developed antibodies, if that was what her body created, which she, supposedly, never had contact with, and, especially since today, one of the reasons vaccines need so many boosters is because vaccines Do Not Equal Immunity!! You can create antibodies of a disease ONLY after actually having a disease and recovering from it. Another reasons vaccines are problematic, I e., having to take so many boosters while your body loads up on all the OTHER BAD Chemicals that get injected with every vaccine!! Dose anyone know enough about CDC to have a thought about this? My Mom had a long healthy life into her 90’s.

A insane drug /vaccine world
In ancient times the drugs did not exist st all .Light Therapy was deployed with great success
What has changed is that Greed drives the drug barons To continue with profits Drugs have to be marketed When there is drug resistant viruses and drug options fail Society may revert back to use ancient light therapy such as ultraviolet light to destroy the superbugs
I remember a pentagon general being ask after the Veitnam War So what Now
Response was we will invent something no
I guess they invented ISIS to justify the murders of innocent women and children
America has lost it’s Moral Fibre and went down the wrong path
We will pay the price in the end
Don’t get it right Do Over
There is technology that can cure diseases without killing people with vaccines

I had very few vaccines as a child of the 50s which was a good thing because I was lead, arsenic,mercury & DDT poisoned for decades. I have only one grandchild who is not vaccinated & he is the healthiest & smartest. I will never vaccinate including flu or tetanus, obtained a religious exemption at DHEC and also as a back up got my DNA analyzed & allergy tested to have it on the record that I could not tolerate vaccines. I have had most of the diseases [except polio,small pox] & have full immunity.
What scares me the most is the visceral mob mentality of the brainwashed public that wants to force you to vaccinate & call you names & wish you were dead or locked up. Can’t even have the conversation about the history of vaccines or the toxic ingredients; they just get so angry.

The company that will perform them, Pharos, was started / formed in Dec. 2015.
The Zika outbreak was announced by WHO in Feb. 2016.
The Zika Vaccine Trial date was announced May 2 2016.

It is quite an interesting time line of events. When the outbreak was first announced on the news, local news stations interviewed local scientists about the science of ZIKA. These locals (the 2-3 interviews that I saw) predicted: Proving a link between ZIKA & Microcephaly would take 5-6 years and a vaccine would take 15-16 years. Boy, were they wrong!

The pillars of this new, ZIKA VACCINE company are:
Prof. Hai-Quan Mao PhD.: Has an extensive background in Translational Tissue Engineering (via John Hopkins) & NanoBioTechnology.

AND Last but not least, David W. Wise (CEO) who has plenty of FDA Violations under his belt. He received them when he was the CEO of GENETICS & IVF INSTITUTE

Here is part of the letter FDA sent him dated DEC 2009:
Our review of the inspection report prepared by the district office revealed serious violations of Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR) Part 56 – Institutional Review Boards. At the close of the inspection, the FDA investigator presented an inspectional [sic] observations form FDA 483 for your review…. /end of quote

I guess, when wanting to recruit people for a new criminal endeavor, it’s better to go with proven ones.

Backing up what the reader — M — posted on another article, I found all of this stuff – for free – on google or google scholar.