Lesson List

Transcription

1 Lesson List

2 Table of Contents Operations and Algebraic Thinking... 3 Number and Operations in Base Ten... 6 Measurement and Data... 9 Number and Operations - Fractions...10 Financial Literacy...14 Ratios and Proportional Relationships...15 The Number System...17 Expressions and Equations...19 Geometry...21 Statistics and Probability...23 Functions...24 The Real Number System...24 Quantities...24 The Complex Number System...24 Seeing Structure in Expressions...24 Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Expressions...25 Creating Equations...25 Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities...26 Interpreting Functions Building Functions...28 Linear, Quadratic, and Exponential Models...29 Congruence...29 Similarity, Right Triangles, and Trigonometry...30 Circles...30 Expressing Geometric Properties with Equations...31 Geometric Measurement and Dimension...31 Modeling with Geometry...31 Interpreting Categorical and Quantitative Data...32 Conditional Probability and the Rules of Probability...32 Think Through Math provides instruction in grades 3-8, Algebra, Geometry, Math I and Math II. All lessons designed for grade-level instruction are included. Lessons are organized in a progressive sequence within a unit.

3 Operations and Algebraic Thinking Visualizing Addition Visualizing Subtraction Structuring Within 5 and Composing 10 Structuring within 10 Structuring within 20 Concept of Multiplication - Grouping Concept of Multiplication - Word Problems Concept of Multiplication - Arrays Properties of Addition and Multiplication Concept of Division Interpreting Division Problems Constructing Division Problems Relationship Between Multiplication and Division Understand and represent simple phrases and sentences related to addition. In this introductory lesson, students will: Review valuable content. Explore TTM features. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Understand and represent simple phrases and sentences related to subtraction. In this introductory lesson, students will: Review valuable content. Explore TTM features. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Compose and decompose 5 and 10, using a variety of models. Add and subtract within 5 using objects and patterns. In this lesson, students will: Practice a variety of methods that reflect those of mathematically fluent thinkers. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Create equivalent, but easier or known sums to add and subtract within 10. Strategies for developing known sums include using doubles, combinations to 5, five-plus combinations and the Associative Property of Addition. In this lesson, students will: Practice a variety of methods that reflect those of mathematically fluent thinkers. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Practice using various strategies to add and subtract fluently within 20, including working with tens and doubles. In this lesson, students will: Practice a variety of methods that reflect those of mathematically fluent thinkers. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Understand grouping language, and associate groups and the number of items in each group with multiplication. Apply concepts of multiplication to solve word problems. Relate visual models to multiplication expressions. Recognize equivalent expressions using properties of addition and multiplication. Demonstrate an understanding of division, including the use of the division symbol. Interpret whole-number quotients of whole numbers. Construct division word problems. Use the inverse relationship between multiplication and division to solve problems. 3

4 Multiplication and Division Fact Families Solving Equations with Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication Multiply and divide within 100 using the relationship between multiplication and division, properties of operations, and fact families. Find the value of an unknown quantity that makes an addition, subtraction, or multiplication equation true. Operations and Algebraic Thinking Solving Multiplication and Division Equations Division as an Unknown-Factor Problem Multiplication and Division Word Problems - Visual Models Multiplication and Division Word Problems - Equations Multiplication and Division Word Problems - Solutions Estimating Sums and Differences - Application Input-Output Tables Solving Two-Step Word Problems Modeling and Solving Two-Step Word Problems Using Visual Models to Understand the Distributive Property Additive and Multiplicative Patterns Visualizing Addition and Subtraction Visualizing Multiplication and Division Determine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers. Apply properties of multiplication and the relationship between multiplication and division. Relate visual models to multiplication and division situations. Relate visual models to multiplication and division situations. Solve word problems in situations involving multiplication and division, and then relate the solution back to the original problem. Use estimation techniques in real-world applications. Use a table to construct and interpret number pairs that represent real-world relationships. Construct equations to include a letter representing an unknown quantity, and solve using the four operations. Use visual models to represent and solve two-step word problems using the four operations. Use area models and arrays to understand the Distributive property. Recognize the difference between additive and multiplicative patterns and explain patterns using properties of operations. Visualize, understand, and represent situations involving addition and subtraction. In this introductory lesson, students will: Review valuable content. Explore TTM features. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Visualize, understand, and represent situations involving multiplication and division. In this introductory lesson, students will: Review valuable content. Explore TTM features. Prepare for success on grade-level material. 4

5 Operations and Algebraic Thinking Developing Fluency Using 2 as a Factor Developing Fluency Using 5 or 10 as a Factor Using Halves and Doubles to Solve Multiplication Problems Multiplication as a Comparison - Equations Multiplication as a Comparison - Word Problems Interpreting Remainders Factors Relating Factors and Multiples I Use counting sequences to fluently multiply by 2 and use multiples of 2 to find other products. In this lesson, students will: Practice a variety of methods that reflect those of mathematically fluent thinkers. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Use counting sequences to fluently multiply by 5 or 10 and use multiples of 5 or 10 to find other products. In this lesson, students will: Practice a variety of methods that reflect those of mathematically fluent thinkers. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Understand that to multiply, you can break a number into its factors and multiply all the smaller pieces together. Apply this specifically with doubles. Compare this method to breaking apart by place value and applying the distributive property. In this lesson, students will: Practice a variety of methods that reflect those of mathematically fluent thinkers. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Interpret multiplication equations as comparisons. Represent comparison statements as multiplication equations. Problems are stated without context. Represent and solve word problems involving multiplicative comparison, using an unknown value in place of a factor or a product. Distinguish multiplicative comparison from additive comparison in context. Interpret quotients with fractional-part remainders and remainders that represent an unused or leftover value. Identify prime and composite numbers and their factors. Identify the factors and/or multiples of a number. Relating Factors and Multiples II Generating and Describing Number Patterns Writing Simple Expressions Writing and Interpreting Simple Expressions Identify factors and/or multiples of a given number. Generate number patterns and be able to identify their features. Write a numerical expression based on words. Interpret simple expressions without evaluating them. 5

6 Number and Operations in Base Ten Visualizing Whole Numbers Visualizing Place Value Structuring within 100 Structuring within 1,000 Multiplying by Multiples of Ten Reasoning About Place Value and Rounding Rounding to the Nearest Ten and Hundred Reasoning About Addition and Subtraction Within 1,000 Visualizing Place Value Relationships Review the meaning of numbers to 1,000. Improve understanding of the size of numbers by associating pictures of large collections with numeric values. In this introductory lesson, students will: Review valuable content. Explore TTM features. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Review the meaning of ones, tens, and hundreds and move from pictures of physical objects in organized arrangements to conventional base ten diagrams. In this introductory lesson, students will: Review valuable content. Explore TTM features. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Add and subtract within 100 using strategies based on structuring numbers, place value, and properties of operations. In this lesson, students will: Practice a variety of methods that reflect those of mathematically fluent thinkers. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Add and subtract within 1,000 using strategies based on structuring numbers, place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction. In this lesson, students will: Practice a variety of methods that reflect those of mathematically fluent thinkers. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Multiply by multiples of 10 by using place value strategies. Use place value understanding to reason about rounded whole numbers. Use place value understanding to round whole numbers to the nearest 10 and the nearest 100. Reason about strategies and algorithms based on place value, properties of operations, and/or the relationship between addition and subtraction. Visualize, understand, and use place value phrases, specifically value represented by a digit and 10 times the value. In this introductory lesson, students will: Review valuable content. Explore TTM features. Prepare for success on grade-level material. 6

7 Number and Operations in Base Ten Visualizing Rounding Adding Whole Numbers Adding and Subtracting with the Standard Algorithm Place Value Concepts Using Place Value Concepts to Compare Whole Numbers Understanding Place Value Relationships Rounding Whole Numbers Using Rounding in Problem Solving Multiplying Whole Numbers Multiplying 2-Digit Numbers by 2-Digit Numbers Dividing Multiples of Ten Dividing Whole Numbers - One-Digit Divisors Estimating Solutions to Multistep Word Problems Comparing and Ordering Decimal Fractions Decimal Notation I Decimal Notation II Introduction to Comparing Decimals to Hundredths Comparing Decimals to Hundredths Fraction and Decimal Equivalents Understand what it means to round a number to a given place, and associate language of rounding with visual models. In this introductory lesson, students will: Review valuable content. Explore TTM features. Prepare for success on grade-level material. Add multidigit numbers in context. Subtract multidigit whole numbers using the standard subtraction algorithm. Read and write a number in word, standard, and expanded form. Compare two multidigit whole numbers based on the meanings of the digits in each place. Recognize and demonstrate that in a multidigit whole number, a digit in one place represents 10 times what it represents in the place to its right. Use place value understanding to round multidigit whole numbers to any place. Use place value understanding to reason about rounding multidigit whole numbers to any place in problem-solving situations. Multiply a whole number of up to 4 digits by a 1-digit whole number, and multiply two 2-digit numbers using area models. Multiply a two-digit number by another two-digit number using various strategies. Divide multiples of ten by one-digit divisors using place value strategies and area models. Divide whole numbers by one-digit divisors using the relationship between multiplication and division and properties of operations. Use estimation strategies to solve multistep problems in context. Represent decimal fractions in different ways including money and order. Generate models and equivalent forms of decimal numbers. Identify fraction and decimal equivalents. Compare two decimals to hundredths based on the meanings of the digits in each place using >, =, and < symbols. Compare decimals to the hundredths place, using visual models, number words, decimal numbers, and the <, >, and = symbols. Find equivalent fractions and decimals. 7

8 Number and Operations in Base Ten Comparing Fractions and Decimals Operations with Whole Numbers - Mixed Practice Multiplying Whole Numbers - Standard Algorithm Dividing Whole Numbers - Two-Digit Divisors Decimals to Thousandths Comparing Decimals to Thousandths Rounding Decimals to the Nearest Tenth and Hundredth Reasoning About Rounding Decimals Adding and Subtracting Decimals Compare fractions and decimals in different forms. Reason about and explain when to use addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division to solve word problems. Multiply multi-digit whole numbers using the standard algorithm. Use place value understanding and the relationship between multiplication and division to illustrate and explain division of whole numbers with a 2-digit divisor without the standard algorithm. Read and write decimals to thousandths using base ten numerals, number names, and expanded form. Compare two decimals to thousandths based on the meanings of the digits in each place, using >, =, and < symbols. Use place value to round decimals to tenths and hundredths. Reason about rounding decimals. Use models and place value understanding to add and subtract decimals. Use estimation and the relationship between addition and subtraction to assess the reasonableness of answers. Adding and Subtracting Write and solve addition and subtraction equations, in real-world context, involving decimals. Decimals in Real-World Situations Multiplying by Powers of Ten Multiply by powers of 10. Multiplying and Dividing by Powers of Ten Place Value Relationships Within Whole Numbers and Decimals Multiplying Decimals to Hundredths Dividing Decimals to Hundredths Using Reasoning and Estimation to Calculate with Decimals Calculating with Decimals Dividing Whole Numbers - Standard Algorithm Multiply and divide by powers of 10. Compare the value of digits in a multidigit number. Multiply decimals to hundredths using various strategies. Divide decimals by hundredths using various strategies. Use reasoning and estimation strategies to support algorithmic computations. Use computation with decimals to solve a two-step problem. Divide multidigit whole numbers using the standard algorithm. 8

9 Unit Squares Concept of Area Area of Rectangles Recognizing Area as Additive Measure area by counting unit squares. Measure the area of a plane figure that is covered with unit squares without gaps or overlaps. Count square units and/or multiply length and width to find the areas of basic rectangles. Decompose rectilinear figures into separate rectangles to find their area. Measurement and Data Area of Basic Composite Figures Perimeter Capacity or Weight Money Sense Adding Time Adding and Subtracting Time Introduction to Data Displays Area and Perimeter of Rectangles Identifying and Comparing Angles Angles Units of Measure - Customary Units of Measure - Metric Determine the area of composite figures formed by rectangles using the additive property of area. Recognize noncongruent, equal-sized divisions of figures. Compute the perimeter of a rectangle when you know the width and the length. Select appropriate tools, units, and strategies for measuring capacity and weight. Use strategies such as grouping and counting to determine the value of a collection of coins and bills. Solve addition problems involving time, including composing time. Time is limited to 5-minute intervals. Use visual models such as number lines, tables, and clocks to solve problems involving addition and subtraction of time intervals. Analyze information represented by frequency tables, dot plots, and double bar graphs with scaled intervals and use these graphs to solve one- and two-step problems. Compute the area and perimeter of rectangles or an unknown value given the value of the area or perimeter. Identify and compare angles equal to, less than, or greater than 90 degrees. Use a protractor to find the measure of an angle, and identify angles as acute, obtuse, or right. Compare and convert customary units of measure and identify their relative sizes. Compare and convert metric units of measure and identify their relative sizes. Volume of Rectangular Prisms I Volume of Rectangular Prisms II Line Plots Find volume by counting the number of cubes packed in a figure and explain that volume is measured with n cubes. Apply formulas for the volume of rectangular prisms by writing expressions and equations. Find the measure of a missing side length when the volume of a prism is given. Represent and interpret data on a line plot to solve problems. 9

10 Understanding Fractions - Equal Areas Understanding Fractions - Notation Unit Fractions on the Number Line Fractions on the Number Line Use visual area models to support the understanding of fractions as a number of parts of a whole divided into equal parts. Use visual models to support the understanding of fraction notation. Represent fractions 1/b on a number line by partitioning into b equal parts from 0 to 1. Identify the size of each partition as 1/b. Locate fractions by subdividing a number line in more than one way and when given one whole. Number and Operations - Fractions Modeling Equivalent Fractions with Number Lines Visual Models of Equivalent Fractions Equivalent Fractions - Visual Models Whole Numbers as Fractions Whole Numbers as Fractions on the Number Line Comparing Fractions with the Same Numerator or Denominator Identifying and Comparing Fractions - Visual Models Recognizing Valid Fraction Comparisons I Recognize that two fractions are equivalent if they represent the same point on a number line. Generate simple equivalent fractions using visual fraction models. Use visual models to generate and compare equivalent fractions. Recognize fractions that are equivalent to whole numbers, and express whole numbers as fractions. Recognize fractions as equivalent to whole numbers on the number line. Compare two fractions with the same numerator or the same denominator by reasoning about their size. Denominators are limited to 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8. Use visual models to compare and order fractions. Recognize that comparisons are only valid when they refer to the same whole. Fraction denominators are limited to 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8. Modeling Equivalent Fractions Create models of equivalent fractions given a fraction in standard form. Denominators are limited to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100. Generating Equivalent Fractions Reducing Fractions Explain and support reasoning about equivalent fractions with the use of visual models. Denominators are limited to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100. Find reduced fractions by using models, reasoning about the size of the parts and/or using division. Comparing Fractions - Visual Models Comparing Fractions with Different Numerators and Different Denominators Use visual models to compare fractions with like and unlike denominators, using, <, >, and =. Compare two fractions with unlike denominators and unlike numerators by replacing them with equivalent fractions or by comparing them to a benchmark fraction. Denominators are limited to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12,

11 Number and Operations - Fractions Recognizing Valid Fraction Comparisons II Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Like Denominators Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Like Denominators in Real-World Situations Decomposing Fractions and Mixed Numbers Writing Fractions as Mixed Numbers and Mixed Numbers as Fractions Understanding Fractions - Relationship Between Numerator and Denominator Word Problems with Fractions and Mixed Numbers - Visual Models Word Problems with Fractions and Mixed Numbers - Estimation Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers with Like Denominators - Conceptual Strategies Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers with Like Denominators Multiplying Unit Fractions by Whole Numbers Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers Solving Word Problems with Multiplication of Fractions by Whole Numbers Recognize that comparisons are only valid when they refer to the same whole. Denominators are limited to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 100. Join and separate parts of the same whole to add and subtract fractions. Solve multistep problems in real-world context that include addition and subtraction of fractions with like denominators. Decompose a fraction into a sum of fractions in more than one way. Write fractions as equivalent mixed numbers and write mixed numbers as equivalent fractions. Explain why the relationship between the numerator and denominator is important to determining the value of a fraction. Use visual models to solve and represent word problems with fractions and mixed numbers. Use estimation techniques to solve and represent word problems with fractions and mixed numbers. Use the relationship between addition and subtraction and the understanding of building fractions from unit fractions to add and subtract mixed numbers with like denominators. Add and subtract mixed numbers with like denominators by replacing each mixed number with an equivalent fraction. Multiply unit fractions by whole numbers and explain that a fraction a/b is a multiple of 1/b. Multiply a fraction by a whole number and explain that a multiple of a/b is a multiple of 1/b. Solve word problems involving multiplication of a fraction by a whole number. 11

12 Understanding Fractions with Denominators of 10 and 100 Adding Fractions with Denominators of 10 or 100 Comparing Decimal Fractions Express a fraction with denominator 10 as an equivalent fraction with denominator 100. Add two fractions with respective denominators 10 and 100 by expressing the fraction with a denominator of 10 as a fraction with a denominator of 100. Represent decimal fractions in different ways. Number and Operations - Fractions Decimals to Hundredths Recognizing Valid Decimal Comparisons Understanding Fractions as Division Adding Fractions Adding Fractions - Estimation Strategies Subtracting Fractions Subtracting Fractions - Estimation Strategies Understanding Products with Fractions Multiplying Fractions by Fractions Multiplying with Fractions and Mixed Numbers Adding and Subtracting Fractions Adding and Subtracting Fractions - Multistep Word Problems Multiplying Fractions by Whole Numbers to Solve Multistep Problems Dividing Unit Fractions by Whole Numbers Read and write decimals to hundredths using base ten numerals, number names, and expanded form. Recognize that decimal comparisons are only valid when they refer to the same whole. Understand a fraction as division of the numerator by the denominator. Add fractions with unlike denominators with and without context. Add fractions with unlike denominators using estimation strategies to solve real-world problems and assess the reasonableness of answers. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to subtract fractions with unlike denominators. Use benchmark fractions and number sense of fractions to estimate and assess the reasonableness of differences of fractions with unlike denominators. Assess the reasonableness of products when multiplying fractions. Multiply fractions by fractions using visual models. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving multiplication of mixed numbers by other mixed numbers and fractions. Denominators are limited to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators. Use estimation, comparison to benchmark fractions, and the relationship between addition and subtraction to assess reasonableness of answers. Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators in contexts that require multiple operations. Multiply fractions by whole numbers to solve multistep problems. Divide unit fractions by whole numbers and interpret quotients in real-world contexts. 12

13 Number and Operations - Fractions Dividing Whole Numbers by Unit Fractions Using Division to Write Fractions as Decimals Understanding and Multiplying with Negative Mixed Numbers Divide whole numbers by unit fractions and interpret quotients in real-world contexts. Convert fractions to decimals using long division. Know when the decimal form of a rational number will terminate or repeat and how to interpret decimal answers on a calculator. Understand negative mixed numbers as the sum of a negative whole number and a negative fraction. Apply this understanding when operating with negative mixed numbers. 13

14 Saving Money Explain the benefits of a savings plan and compare the advantages and disadvantages of various savings options. Money Decisions Supply and Cost Identify and explain decisions involving income, spending, saving, credit, and charitable giving. Describe the relationship between the availability or scarcity of resources and how that affects cost. Financial Literacy Credit Sense Expenses and Profit Methods of Payment Balancing a Budget Paying for College I Credit Reports Creating a Budget Cost of Loans Understand and explain that credit is used when wants or needs exceed the ability to pay and that it is the borrower s responsibility to pay it back to the lender, usually with interest. Explain the difference between a fixed expense and a variable expense. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of payment. Balance budgets and check registers. Explain various methods to pay for college. Introduce credit reports, what is included on them, and the importance of keeping a positive credit history. Identify parts of a budget as percent of income and determine the minimum needed to meet expenses. Calculate the total cost of repaying a loan. Paying for College II Estimate college costs and devise a method to calculate the savings needed for college. 14

15 Identifying Ratios Identify and reason with ratios, including unit rate and ratios, in a given context. Ratios and Proportional Relationships Ratios Concept of Ratios and Rates Using Ratios to Solve Problems Identifying Unit Rates Solving Problems with Unit Rates Converting Units of Measure I Converting Units of Measure II Distance, Rate, and Time Percent Concepts Reasoning with Percents Calculations with Percent Proportion Concepts Proportional Relationships in Tables and Equations Interpreting Unit Rates on Graphs Interpreting Points on Graphs of Proportional Relationships Using Proportions to Solve Problems Proportions in Scale Drawings Introduction to Similar Figures Use and interpret ratio language to solve simple problems with ratios. Use a multiplication statement to describe two quantities in a ratio. Solve real-world problems involving ratios using ratio tables and scaling. Identify unit rates and the difference between a rate and a unit rate. Solve problems when a unit rate is given, and find unit rates to find the best deal. Use ratio reasoning to convert measurement units. Write equations to show proportional relationships. Explore the relationship between distance, rate, and time, and reason about how a quantity changes in response to another when the third is kept constant. Solve unit rate problems involving constant speed. Place common percents on a number line and recognize equivalent representations of percents. Reason about and compare percentages when they refer to different wholes. Represent and use models to reason about and perform calculations algebraically with percent in real-world contexts. Recognize and represent proportional relationships in different ways, including graphs. Represent proportional relationships in tables and equations. Identify a unit rate from a graph, especially dealing with ratios of fractions. Explain what a point on the graph of a proportional relationship means in context, especially (0, 0) and (1, r) where r is the unit rate. Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve real-world, multistep ratio problems. Solve problems involving scale drawings of geometric figures, including computing actual lengths and areas from a scale drawing and reproducing a scale drawing at a different scale. Recognize and apply properties of similar figures. Using Similar Figures to Solve Problems Use proportional reasoning and the properties of similar figures to find the missing side length in a figure. 15

17 The Number System Greatest Common Factor Greatest Common Factor - Applications Least Common Multiple Using the Relationship Between Multiplication and Division to Divide Fractions Dividing Fractions by Fractions Using Division of Fractions to Represent and Solve Problems Operations with Fractions - Mixed Practice Integer Concepts Integer Concepts with a Number Line Integers in the Coordinate Plane I Integers in the Coordinate Plane II Comparing Rational Numbers I Comparing Rational Numbers II Find the greatest common factor of two numbers less than or equal to 100. Use the distributive property to factor out a common factor. Use the greatest common factor in problem-solving contexts. Find the least common multiple (LCM) of a group of numbers. Use the relationship between multiplication and division to explain that a/b divided by c/d = q because c/d of q is a/b. Compute quotients of fractions within and without context. Represent problems using equations with division of fractions and use division of fractions to solve word problems. Solve problems involving the four operations with fractions with and without context. Represent a situation using positive and negative integers and explain what zero means. Position integers on a number line and recognize opposite signs of numbers. Plot points in the coordinate plane from the origin. Identify the quadrant in the coordinate plane for a point using the signs of each number in a coordinate pair. Locate points that are related by reflection across one or both axes. Find and position integers and rational numbers on a number line. Interpret statements of inequality as statements about the relative position of two numbers on a number line. Rational Numbers in the Coordinate Plane I Rational Numbers in the Coordinate Plane II Absolute Value I Absolute Value II Distance on the Coordinate Plane II Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers I Plot coordinate pairs using integers and other rational numbers. Interpret real-world problems and use ratio reasoning to plot pairs of values on the coordinate plane. Distinguish between comparisons of absolute value from statements about order. Use absolute value to solve real-world problems. Find distances between points using absolute value and find the midpoint of a line given two points. Construct expressions and equations to model real-world situations. 17

18 The Number System Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers II Multiplying and Dividing Rational Numbers Writing and Interpreting Expressions with Rational Numbers Operations with Rational Numbers I Operations with Rational Numbers II Classifying and Ordering Real Numbers Approximating Values of Irrational Numbers Construct multiple expressions to show a difference between two rational numbers. Learn rules for multiplying and dividing with signed rational numbers. Use the distributive property to show why the product of a positive number and a negative number is negative. Interpret signed rational numbers in context and write expressions to model situations. Use multiplication and division of signed rational numbers in solving problems. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving the four operations with rational numbers. Use visual models such as Venn diagrams, tables, and number lines to order and compare real numbers and to describe relationships between sets of real numbers. Use rational approximations of irrational numbers to compare the size of irrational numbers. 18

19 Expressions and Equations Evaluating Simple Expressions Reasoning About One-Step Equations Writing and Solving One-Step Equations Evaluating Expressions with Two Operations Evaluating Expressions with Real Numbers Understanding Exponents Evaluating Expressions and Equations with Exponents Identifying and Generating Equivalent Expressions Evaluating Expressions with the Distributive Property Using the Distributive Property to Represent Real-World Situations Independent and Dependent Quantities Introduction to the Language of Algebra Combining Like Terms Introduction to Solving Word Problems with Algebra Concept of Inequalities I Fraction, Decimal, and Percent Equivalents Solving and Modeling Two-Step Problems Solving Equations with the Distributive Property Evaluate expressions by substituting a value for a given variable. Substitute values in an equation to determine if that equation is true. Write and solve one-step equations. Evaluate expressions at specific values of their variables that involve two arithmetic steps after substitution of the variable. Use mathematical terms to describe one or more parts of an expression. Identify equivalent expressions with and without exponents. Write and evaluate equations, with and without real-world context, using exponents. Identify equivalent expressions that are limited to four operations without exponents. Find equivalent expressions using the distributive property. Show how expressions with the distributive property can be used to factor and/or solve real-world problems. Use tables, equations, and graphs to represent the relationship between two quantities. Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions in real-world problems. Combine like terms, and reason about correct and incorrect methods of combining like terms. Reason about and solve real-world problems by writing and solving equations with rational numbers. Write and graph simple inequalities to represent a constraint in a real-world problem. Recognize that fractions, decimals (that have a finite or repeating decimal representation), and percents are different representations of rational numbers. Solve word problems, both algebraically and arithmetically, leading to equations of the form px + q = r. Apply the distributive property when solving equations. 19

20 Expressions and Equations Solving Equations with the Distributive Property in Context Solving Word Problems with Algebra Common Factors in Polynomials Concept of Inequalities II Analyze and solve real-world problems by constructing or solving equations that use the distributive property. Rewrite expressions to help identify how quantities in a problem situation are related. Apply properties of operations as strategies to add, subtract, factor, and expand expressions with rational coefficients. Write and graph complex inequalities and interpret the solution set in the context of a real-world problem. Solving Two-Step Equations Solve linear equations with rational number coefficients of the form px + q = r. Solving Equations with the Variable on Both Sides Analyzing Solution Sets to Linear Equations with the Variable on Both Sides Interpreting Slope Slope Solving a System of Linear Equations Graphically Solving a System of Linear Equations Algebraically Solving a System of Linear Equations - Applications Understanding Properties of Integer Exponents Applying Properties of Integer Exponents Understanding Square and Cube Roots Interpreting Numbers Written in Scientific Notation Operations with Numbers in Scientific Notation Construct and solve equations with the variable on both sides, given a situation by applying the distributive property and/or combining like terms. Construct examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions, or no solutions. Interpret the unit rate as the slope of the graph and compare proportional relationships presented in different ways. For example, compare a proportional relationship presented in a table with a proportional relationship presented in a graph. Reason about slope and calculate the slope of a line. Given slope and one point, find other points on the line. Analyze graphs of pairs of linear equations to approximately solve the system, and analyze the number of solutions of the system. Solve a system of two linear equations in two equations algebraically. Analyze the number of solutions to a pair of linear equations. Solve real-world problems by writing and solving systems of linear equations. Identify properties of integer exponents. Apply properties of integer exponents. Estimate and evaluate square roots of small perfect squares and cubes and apply this knowledge to problem solving. Interpret and compare values written in scientific notation. Apply operations with numbers expressed in scientific notation. 20

21 Classifying Quadrilaterals I Classifying 3-Dimensional Figures Identifying and Classifying Lines, Rays, and Segments Classifying Triangles Classifying Quadrilaterals II Classify quadrilaterals into categories including those that do not fit into any category. Identify faces, edges, and vertices of complex 3-dimensional figures. Distinguish between lines, line segments, and rays. Identify pairs of parallel and perpendicular lines, including sides of 2-dimensional figures. Classify triangles as equilateral, isosceles, or scalene. Identify them as obtuse, acute, or right triangles. Use points and perpendicular line segments to classify quadrilaterals. Geometry Symmetry Introduction to the Coordinate Plane Representing Real-World Quantities in the First Quadrant Introduction to Scatter Plots Classifying 2-Dimensional Figures Distance on the Coordinate Plane I Area of Parallelograms Area of Triangles Area of Trapezoids and Composite Figures Surface Area and Volume of Rectangular Prisms Surface Area of Pyramids Circumference Area of Circles Area of Complex Composite Figures Surface Area of Cylinders Surface Area of Cones Surface Area of Composite Solids Identify and draw lines of symmetry for two-dimensional figures. Relate the order of coordinates to their location in the coordinate plane. Identify correct processes and understand how real-world situations can be represented on the coordinate plane. Analyze the data in a scatter plot to determine the meaning of a point, and use the trend in the data to make predictions. Classify polygons according to geometric attributes using graphic organizers, and determine common attributes among a set of figures. Draw a polygon with given coordinates for the vertices and the length of a side. Find the area or an unknown measure given the area of a parallelogram. Find the area or an unknown measure given the area of a triangle. Compose and decompose figures, including trapezoids, to find their area. Find the surface area of a rectangular prism. Use the surface area of a cube to find one of its dimensions. Find the surface area of a pyramid. Use the pyramid s base and surface-area dimensions to find its slant height. Find the circumference of a circle in real-world and mathematical problems. Find the area of a circle, and given the area, find its diameter or radius. Find the area of a figure that is made up of more than one shape. Find the surface area of a cylinder. Find the surface area of a cone. Find the surface area of a shape that is made up of two or more three-dimensional shapes. 21

22 Angle Pairs Angles in a Polygon Using Line Segments and Angles to Make Triangles Volume of Cylinders Volume of Pyramids and Cones Find the measures of complementary, supplementary, vertical, and adjacent angles. Find the measure of an angle, and find the sum of interior angles in polygons. Use the triangle inequality theorem to determine whether three segments can be used to make a triangle, and to determine possible lengths for a third segment if the lengths of two segments are known. Decide whether a set of segments and/or angles describes a unique triangle. Find the volume, height, or radius of a cylinder. Find the volumes of pyramids and cones. Geometry Volume of Spheres Volume of Composite Solids Parallel Lines and Transversals Understanding the Pythagorean Theorem Pythagorean Theorem - Hypotenuse Pythagorean Theorem - Legs Pythagorean Theorem - Mixed Problems Pythagorean Theorem - Distance Formula Translations Reflections Rotations Composition of Transformations Find the volume of a sphere. Find the volume of a figure made up of two or more 3-dimensional figures. Use informal arguments to determine relationships when parallel lines are cut by a transversal. Use models and diagrams to construct and explain proofs of the Pythagorean theorem. Identify the hypotenuse of a right triangle, and then choose an equation that applies the Pythagorean theorem correctly. Given the lengths of a right triangle s hypotenuse and one leg, use the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of the other leg. Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of a right triangle s hypotenuse or one of its legs. Find the distance between two points on the coordinate plane. Describe a translation and name the coordinates of a figure s vertices after a translation. Name the coordinates of a figure s vertices after a reflection, and the coordinates of the reflection image. Describe a rotation and name the coordinates of a figure s vertices after a rotation. Identifying the image of a figure after it has been transformed with a reflection, rotation, or translation. Dilations Congruence Explain the effects of a positive rational scale factor applied to a two-dimensional figure. Identify transformations that result in a congruent figure. 22

23 Measures of Spread - Range Measures of Center - Median Measures of Center - Mean Understanding the Effects of Outliers on Mean and Median Deviation from the Mean Summarizing Data Find the range of a list of numbers. Find the median of a list of numbers. Find the mean of a list of numbers. Understand that outliers typically affect the mean of a data set more than the median. Understand the median as the middle point of a data set. Understand the mean as the balancing point of a data set. Determine the mean absolute deviation and interpret what it means about a data set. Determine and interpret in context the distribution, measures of center, and spread of a graphical display of data. Statistics and Probability Data Analysis Bar Graphs and Histograms Circle Graphs Stem-and-Leaf Plots Quartiles Box Plots Using the Fundamental Counting Principle Sampling Comparing Data Simple Probability Compound Probability Simulations of Simple and Compound Events Making Predictions Comparing Linear and Nonlinear Data Patterns of Association in Data Distinguish between situations that do and do not yield variable data. Identify a bar graph or histogram that represents a set of data. Interpret data presented on these displays. Model data with a circle graph and interpret the information in a circle graph. Use a stem-and-leaf plot to find the median or mode. Identify the first or lower quartile, the second quartile or median, and third or upper quartile in a set of data. Identify a box plot that correctly shows given data. Interpret data presented on the box plot. Apply the knowledge of simple probability to describe the outcome of different arrangements and combinations of sets of up to four items. Use data from random samples to make inferences about populations and to compare key characteristics between two populations. Use data displays to compare the measure of both center and spread of populations. Find the probability of simple events. Find the probability of compound events. Identify and use simulations to represent simple and compound events. Use probability to make predictions. Determine when data suggests a linear relationship and use trend lines to make predictions about data. Construct and interpret two-way frequency tables. Understand how relative frequency can be used to look for associations in bivariate categorical data. 23

24 Functions The Real Number System Quantities The Complex Number System Seeing Structure in Expressions Slope-Intercept Form Point-Slope Form Interpreting Graphs of Real- World Situations Introduction to Sketching Graphs of Real-World Situations Products and Sums with Rational and Irrational Numbers Using Rational Exponents to Rewrite Expressions Using Units to Solve Problems Complex Number Arithmetic Interpreting the Structure of Linear and Exponential Expressions Interpreting the Structure of Quadratic Expressions and Expressions with Rational Exponents Factoring Quadratic Expressions Use similar triangles to show that the equation for a line is y = mx + b, and interpret the slope and intercept of a line in context. Write equations in slope-intercept form. Identify the graph for an equation that is in point-slope form. Identify the equation in point-slope form that you would use to solve a word problem. Use the graph of a function to explain the relationship between quantities in context. Sketch a graph given a verbal description of the relationship between quantities. Explain why products and/or sums of rational and irrational numbers are rational or irrational. Explain the rules that relate radical notation and rational exponents. Use units as a way to guide solutions to multistep problems, and report their solutions to an appropriate level of accuracy. Understand that i is used to represent the value of -1. Simplify and perform arithmetic operations on complex numbers with imaginary parts. Given a linear or an exponential expression and the context it is meant to represent, explain what each part of that expression represents in terms of the context. Given a quadratic expression and the context it is meant to represent, explain what each part of that expression represents in terms of the context. Use knowledge of multiplying binomial expressions to factor quadratics to identify the zeros of the quadratic function defined by the expression. 24

25 Arithmetic with Polynomials and Rational Expressions Creating Equations Adding and Subtracting Polynomials Multiplying Polynomials Writing and Solving Linear Equations in One Variable Writing and Graphing Linear Equations in Two or More Variables Equations of Parallel and Perpendicular Lines Writing Linear Inequalities in One Variable Modeling Exponential Relationships with Equations, Inequalities, and Graphs Solving Literal Equations Modeling Quadratic Relationships with Equations, Inequalities, and Graphs Add and subtract polynomials by combining like terms and following the rules for exponents. Multiply polynomials using various methods in mathematical and real-world situations. Create linear equations in one variable and use them to solve problems. Represent constraints with equations. Create linear equations in two variables to represent relationships between two quantities. Graph these equations with appropriate labels and scales. Understand the relationship of slopes of parallel lines and of perpendicular lines. Understand how to write the equation of a line that is parallel to or perpendicular to a given line. Create inequalities in one variable and use them to solve problems by interpreting solutions as viable or nonviable. Represent constraints with inequalities. This lesson does not require students to understand the mechanics of solving inequalities. Create exponential equations and inequalities in one or two variables to model relationships between two quantities. Graph exponential equations in two variables. Rearrange formulas to highlight the quantity of interest. Equations will be linear in this quantity, though the quantity itself may not be linear. Use quadratic equations and their graphs and quadratic inequalities to model real-world situations and solve problems. 25

26 Reasoning with Equations and Inequalities Solving Linear Inequalities in One Variable Solving Linear Equations in One Variable as a Reasoning Process Solving Systems of Linear Equations Solving Linear Equations Graphically Solving Exponential Equations Graphically Graphing Linear Inequalities and Systems of Linear Inequalities in Real-World Situations Solving Quadratics - Completing the Square Problem Solving with Quadratic Functions Using the Quadratic Formula Solving a System of Linear and Quadratic Equations Solving Quadratic Equations with Real and Complex Roots - Completing the Square Solving Quadratic Equations with Real and Complex Roots - Using the Quadratic Formula Solving Quadratic Equations Graphically Solve linear inequalities in one variable, including those that involve operations with negative numbers. Solve linear equations in one variable and explain the reasoning process used in the solution method. This includes solving equations that are linear in the variable being solved for and includes equations with letters for coefficients. Solve systems of linear equations with a focus on justifying the solution method used. Recognize that an equation f(x) = g(x) can be solved by finding the point of intersection of the graphs y = f(x) and y = g(x). This also requires an understanding that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane. This lesson is limited to linear equations. Recognize that an equation f(x) = g(x) can be solved by finding the point of intersection of the graphs y = f(x) and y = g(x). This also requires an understanding that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane. This lesson focuses on simple exponential equations. Graph solutions to a linear inequality in two variables as a half plane. Graph the solution set to a system of linear inequalities in two variables as an intersection of half planes. Include inequalities arising from context.. Solve quadratic equations by completing the square and recognize equations where this is a useful solution strategy. Solve real-world problems with quadratic functions using the context of the problem to determine which solutions are applicable. For quadratic equations in one variable, recogize when to use the quadratic formula as a solution method. Understand how to apply the formula and address common errors in the application process. Solve quadratic equations using the quadratic formula. Use algebraic and graphical methods to solve systems consisting of a linear equation and quadratic equation. Solve quadratic equations by completing the square and recognize equations in which this is a useful solution strategy. This includes quadratics with complex roots. For quadratic equations in one variable, recognize when to use the quadratic formula as a solution method. Understand how to apply the formula and address common errors in the application process. Solve quadratic equations using the quadratic formula, including equations with complex roots. Recognize that an equation f(x) = g(x) can be solved by finding the point of intersection of the graphs y = f(x) and y = g(x). Understand that the graph of an equation in two variables is the set of all its solutions plotted in the coordinate plane. This lesson is limited to quadratic equations. 26

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