AP bio part 2- ch 6

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A globular protein that links into chains, two of which twist helically about each other, forming microfilaments in muscle and other kinds of cells.

actin

A eukaryotic cell structure consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets. may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum and is structurally very similar to a centriole.

basal body

Structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells, important during cell division; functions as a microtubule-organizing center. has two centrioles.

A centrosome

A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells that forms strong fibers, found extensively in connective tissue and bone; the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.

collagen

infolding of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses electron transport chains and molecules of the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP (ATP synthase).

cristae

circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells.

cytoplasmic streaming

In cilia and flagella, a large contractile protein extending from one microtubule doublet to the adjacent doublet. ATP hydrolysis drives changes in its shape that lead to bending of cilia and flagella.

dynein

A glycoprotein that helps animal cells attach to the extracellular matrix.

fibronectin

A protein with one or more carbohydrates covalently attached to it.

glycoprotein

in animal cells, a transmembrane receptor protein that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton.

integrin

In plants, a thin layer of adhesive extracellular material, primarily pectins, found between the primary walls of adjacent young cells.

middle lamella

The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle.

mitochondrial matrix

A protein that interacts with cytoskeletal elements and other cell components, producing movement of the whole cell or parts of the cell.

motor protein

A netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus.

nuclear lamina

One of a family of closely related organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts (leucoplasts). found in cells of photosynthetic organisms.

Plastids

A glycoprotein consisting of a small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached, found in the extracellular matrix of animal cells. may consist of up to 95% carbohydrate.