Sex is an important part of biology. "To tell you that nothing could
equal the gross puruience of Linnaues's mind is perfectly needless. A
literal translation of the first principles of Linnaean botany is enough
to shock female modesty," wrote Rev. Samuel Goodenough in 1808. It is
not surprising that sex should show up in names. How it shows up
is another matter. . . .

Clitoria L. (butterfly pea) Probably named
for the shape of the flowers.

Colymbosathon ecplecticos Siveter et al., 2003 (fossil
ostracod) From "Kolymbos (swimmer) + sathon (with a big
penis); ekplektikos (astounding)." In Greek, "sathon" is used
ironically to toddlers, similar to "big willy" in English. At 425
million years old, the fossil preserves the oldest known instance of a
penis. [Science 302: 1749]

Orchidaceae (orchids) from Greek "orkhis", testicle,
referring to the appearance of the plants' pseudobulb. It was once
believed that terrestrial orchids sprang from the spilled semen of
mating animals.

Orchis mascula (orchid) "Male testicle"

Penicillus penis Linnaeus, 1758
(mollusc)

Penicillus vaginiferous Lamarck, 1818
(mollusc)

Phalium Linnaeus 1758 (sea shell) Probably not
after phallus, as the shell is not phallic-shaped. One species is named
Phalium labiatum Perry 1811.

Phallus impudicus Linnaeus (stinkhorn fungus, family
Phallaceae) There is also
Phallus daemonicum.

Phallus drewesii Desjardin, 2009 (stinkhorn
fungus) Named, with permission, for Robert Drewes, a distingushed
herpetologist with a sense of humor. Quoth he, "The funny thing is
that it is the second smallest known mushroom in this genus and it
grows sideways, almost limp," and "I am utterly delighted."

Probarbus labeamajor Roberts 1992 and
Probarbus labeaminor Roberts 1992 (cyprinid
freshwater fish) Referring either to outer genitals of women or size of
lips of the fish. The intended interpretation has not been made
official.

Priapulus (priapulid) Means "little penis".
You need only look at one to see why.

Danionella priapus Bitz 2009 (cyprinid
fish)

Scatophagus Bloch, 1788 (Scatophagidae) A
fish that likes to hang around sewage outlets, commonly sold in the pet
trade as the "spotted-scat" or just "scat".

Thelymitra (orchid) The literal
translation is something like "lady bishop's hood", but this was a
euphemism for "clitoris". The flowers have what appears to be a little
hooded clitoris in their center.