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Monday, February 8, 2010

Español 2- El Diario ch 4 vocabulario/gramática 2

PLEASE INCLUDE AT LEAST THREE ORIGINAL (AS IN NOT FROM THE TEXTBOOK) EXAMPLE SENTENCES THAT DEMONSTRATE EACH CONCEPT YOU EXPLAIN!!

Use the notes you took in class to guide you.Please DO NOT copy directly from thetext.Write out explanations in your own words and make up your own examples.

Please DO NOT write directly in the blog response space.Type all textusing Microsoft Word first, then copy and paste in into the blog response space.Be appropriate Spanish punctuation when necessary-accents, tildes, question marks, etc.Be careful with spelling-use your text as a reference for spelling.

Please talk to me (in person, via email) if you have any questions/concerns about this assignment.

Your journal entry will be due Sunday, February 8th by 11:30 pm.It will be worth 40 points.Remember that if you submit late, you will receive half credit.

17 comments:

Vocabulario dosEl mulso ThighEl codo ElbowLa una Fingernail/ toenailLa rodilla KneeEl tobillo AnkleLe ceja EyebrowLa mejilla CheekLa oreja EarEl labio LipLos huesos BonesEl crebro BrainEl carazon HeartEl dedo de pie ToeLe piel SkinLos pulmones LungsLa muñeca WristEl hombro ShoulderLa pantarilla CalfCaerse To fall downDarle un clamber To get a crampEmfermase To get sick Estar resfriado(a) To have a coldEstarnirdan To sneezeRefriase To catch a coldTenr in clamber To have a crampLa garganta ThroatLastimarse To injure/ to get hurtRomperse To breakQuemarse To burnCortarse To get cutTorcerse To sprain or twistMaqiarse To put on make upCalentarse To warm up Ponerse To put onUna curita An adhesive bandageHielo(a) IceUngüento OintmentTener cuidado To be careful

Tomarse unas To take somePastilles PillsVendarse To bandage/ to warp upTener hinchado To be swollenTalking about getting hurtQue te paso( what happened to you?)Qut tienes( whats the matter with you?)Uf! me di un golpe en la cabeza con la purenta( ouch! I hit my head against the door)Me cotré el dedo. A hora lo tengo infactado( I cut my finger. And now its infected)Juan se rompió la pierna( juan broke his leg)To ask for adviceEstoy ma . tengo tos y me duele la garganta( im sick, I have a cough and my throat hurts)Tengo in dolar de cabeza que no se me quita.( I havea head ache and it wont go away)To give adviceQuedate en la cam y tomate este jarabe( stay in bed and take this cough syrup)Tomate unas aspirinas y decansa un poco( take some aspirin and rest a bit)examplesMe duele lo rodilla(my kneew hurts)Te duelen los pies( your feet hurt)Los ninos de dieron un golpe en las cabezas( the kids hit theird heads)Yo me lastimé el lastomacó( I hurt my stomach)Gramatica dosVerbs with reflexive pronouns and direct objectsYou can use a reflexive pronoun with a verb to talk about someone doing something to him or herselfEl cocinero se cortó( the cook cut himself)Use with a direct object. Usually a body part or something you can out on.Reflexive pronouns can go before the conjugated verb or attachted to the end ofa present participle or infinitiveReflexive is attached to the end of affirmative commands. Negative command, place before the verb. Lavate las manas y ponte una curitaAll reflexive verbs have (se) at the end.Past participles used as adjectives.Verbs can be used as an adjectiveMe torci el tobillo( I sprained my ankle)Pawt participle of torcer as an adjectiveTengo el tobillo torcido( my ankle is sprained)To for the past participle of regular verbs, drop infinitive ending and add(-edo) to (-ar) verbs and (-ido) to (-er) verbs.Some are irregularRomper-rotoAbrir- abierto

Uf! Me di un golpe en la cabeza con la puerta. (Ouch! I hit my head against the door.)Me corte´ el dedo. Ahora lo tengo infectado. (I cut my finger. Now it is infected.)Estoy mal. Tengo tos y me duele la garganta.(I'm sick. I have a cough and my throat hurts.)Tengo un doler de cabeza que no se me quita. (I have a headache that won't go away.)Que´date en cama y to´mate este jarabe. (Stay in bed and take this cough syrup)Pobrecito! To´mate unas apirinas y descanse un poco. (Poor thing! Take some aspirin and rest a bit.)verbs with reflexive pronouns and direct objects:-you know that reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject. You can use a reflexive pronoun with a verb to talk about someone doing something to himself or herself.ex: El cocinero se corto´. (The cook cut himself)-you can use a reflexive pronoun with a direct object. The direct object is often a part of the body or something that you put on.ex. El cocinero se cortlas partes del cuerpo.verbs with reflexive pronouns and direct objects:-you know that reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject. You can use a reflexive pronoun with a verb to talk about someone doing something to himself or herself.ex: El cocinero se corto´ el dedo y se puso una curita. (The cook cut his finger and put on a bandage.)-the reflexive pronoun can go just before the conjugated verb or it can be attached to the end of a present participle or infinitive.reflexive pronoun placement:-you can use a reflexive pronoun with a direct object-the ref. pronoun can go just before the con. vern or it can be attached to the end of a present participle or infinitive.-the ref. pronoun is attached to the end of the verb in affirmative commands,it is replaced just before the verb in negative commands.before:-conjugated verb-neg. commandsafter:(attached)-present part.-inf.-aff.commandspongo>no te pongaspongo>er/ir:no pongas,ar:no pongespast participles used as adjs.:-verbs have a form called the past participle, which can be used as an adj.You can use it to describe a condition or an injury to a part of the body.torcer as a verb: Me torclas partes del cuerpo:

-when -er or -ir verbs like caerse have a stem that ends in a vowel,the i of third person preterite endings from y>-io´>yo´ and ieron>yeron. In all other forms the i has an accent mark to show that the i is pronounced as a separate syllable.-the verb leer also has a stem that ends in a vowel and follows the same pattern as caerse. construir (to build) has the 3rd person ending, but no accent marks in tu´ and nosotros forms.object is often a part of the body or something that you put on.ex. El cocinero se cortlas partes del cuerpo:

In the second half of chapter 4 we learned all the parts of the body. As well as possible injuries to the body and sugessting ways to fix these problems.La Cabeza- HeadLa mano- handLos ojos- eyesLa pierna-legEl pie- footEl Brazo-armEl pecho-chestLos dedos-fingersLa Rodilla-kneeLos dedos de pie-ToesLa boca-mouthLa nariz- noseEl corazón-heartEl estómago-stomachEl talón-heelLos dientes-teethEl palon-lungsLa lengoa-toungeEl codo-elbowEl piel-skinLa muñeca-wristEl tobillo-ankleEl muslo-thighla uña-nails(toes and fingers)la ceja-eye browla mejilla-cheeksla oreja-earel labio-lipsel celebro-brainlos huesos-bones.Quermarse-burnLastimarse-hurtDoler-it hurtsRomperse-break-Cotarse- to cut (yourself)Torcerse- spraign Tener hincado-swollenCaerse- fall downDarle un calambre-to get a crampEnfermarse- to get sickEstarrers friado- to have a coldEstornudar- to sneezeRefriarse-to catch a coldTener un calambre-to have a crampDarse un golpe-hit somethingLa garganta-sore throughtTener tos- to have a cough.To ask what happened you say “que te pasó?”To ask what the matter is you say “qué tienes?”A few examples using the parts of the body and what is wrong is to say things likeMe duele la rodillaTe duelen los piesJuan se rompio la peirnaTe torsiste el tobilloLuis a se dio un golpe en la cabezaLos ninos se dieron un golpe en la cabeza.Jorge le dio un calambre en el musloYo me lastimó en el estomachóMe duele en el estomachoReflexive pronouns refer back to the subject. You can use a reflexive pronoun with a verb to talk about someone doing something to him or herself. You can also use a reflexive pronoun with a direct object. Direct objects are often a part of the body or something you put on. The reflexive pronoun goes before the conjugated verb or can be attached to the end of a present participal or infinative.Reflexive is attached to the end of the verb in the affirmative command and is placed just before the verb in the negative.some examples are as follows.El peluquero se cortario el dedoEl cartero se torcio la muñeca el abrir un paqueteEl señor se rompe la piernaEl muchacho la se lastímo el codo durante el partido.Present participalsA verb form that is used to describe a condition or an injury to the part of the body. To form the pp of regular verbs drop the infinative ending off and add – and to ar verbs and –ido to er and ir verbsHinchar-hinchadoTorcer-torcidoHerir-heridoSome present participals are irregular they are romper –roto and abrir-abiertoCortar-cortadoInfectar-infectadoQuemar- quemadoVendar-vendado.Some examples areA miguel se le hincharon los dedos. Tiene los dedos hinchadosJuan se rampió la muñeca. Tiene la muñeca rotaTe torciste el tobillo. Tienes el tobillo torciadoPreterite verbs of caerSome ei and ir verbs like caerse,leer and construir have a stem change that ends in a vowel, the I of the third person preterite changes to (Y) ío and yo and ieron to yeron. In all other forms the I has written accent marks í to show that it is pronounced seperately.caerse- me caí, te caíste, se cayó, nos caimos se cayeron. The verbs leer follows the same pattern. Construir has the same ending but has no accent marks in the tu or nostotros forms.Leer construirLeí contruíLeíste construisteLeyo contruyóLeímos contruimosLeyeron consruyeronEllos se cayeron en los escalerasNosotros nos caimos de la bicicleta

VocabularioLas partes del cuerpoLe ceja - eyebrowEl cerebro - brainEl codo - elbowEl Corazon - heartEl dedo de pie - toesEl hueso/los huesos – bones El labio - lipLa mejilla - cheekLa muneca - wristEl muslo - thighLa oreja - earLa piel - footEl pulmon/los pulmones - lungsLa rodilla - kneeEl tobillo – ankle La una - nailEl hombre - shoulderLa pantorilla - legLos verbos (commonly used with body part words to describe getting hury, or having an injury/illness/ Many of these verbs are reflexive.)Caerse – fall downCortarse - cutDarle un calambre – get a crampDares un golpe – hit somethingDoler (ue) – it hurtsEnfermarse – get sickEstar resfriado(a) – have a cold Estornudar – sneeze Lastimarse – hurt something/partQuemarse – burn yourselfResfriarse – catch a coldRomperse – break/tearTener un calambre – have a crampTener hinchado – get swollenTener infectado – sore throatTenos tos – have a coughTorcerse – sprain/twistMas Verbos (used to give advice to someone who is sick/ has an injury.) Calentarse (ie) – warm upDescansar – rest/take a napEstirarse Ponerse …una curita/hielo/unguento – put an…adhesive bandage/ice/ointmentQuedarse Tener cuidado – to be carefulTomarse…unas pastillas/esta(el) jarabe – take some…pillsVendarse - bandage/wrap up Questions that are used most frequently with these body parts and verbs are:Que te paso? – What happened to you?Que tienes? – What is the matter? Reflexive Pronouns – they refer back to the subject. They can be used with a verb to talk about someone doing something to him/her self. Ex. 1) El juagadora se caero. Ex. 2) Maria se qumario. Reflexive pronouns can also be used with a direct object. Also the reflexive pronoun can go before the conjungated verb or be attached to the end of a present participle or infinitive. Reflexive pronouns can be attached to the end of a verb in affirmative commands, and it is placed before the verb in negative commands. Verbs have a form that is calle the past participle. It can be used as an adjective/ and is used to descrive a condition or an injury to a part of the body. Ex. 1)Tengo la muneca toricdo. Ex. 2) Tengo el dede de pie rompido. Ex. 3) Tengo el cabeza herido. The form past participles of regular verbs, you drop the infinitve ending and add –ado to –ar verbs and –ido to –er and –ir verbs. If they are irregular, then add –to to the end. When they are used as adjectives, the participles must agree with nouns in number and gender. When –er or =ir verbs like caerse have a stem that ends in a vowel, the I in the third-person pretertie endings changes to y: -io - -yo and –ieron - -yeron. In all other froems the I has a accents mark over it. Yo me – caìTu tu – caìsteUd/el/ella se –cayoNosotros(as) nos – caìmosUds/ellos/ellas se - cayeron

• Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject. You can use a reflexive pronoun with a verb to talk about something doing something to himself or herself.• The reflexive pronoun can go just before the conjugated verb or it can be attached to the end of a present participle or infinitive.• The reflexive pronoun is attached to the end of the verb in affirmative commands. It is placed just before the verb in negative commands.Ex: Lávate las manos y ponte una curitaNo te quites los zapatos.

• Verbs have a form called the past participle, which can be used as an adjective. You can use it to describe a condition or an injury to a part of the body.• To form the past participles of regular verbs, drop the infinitve ending and add ado to ar verbs and ido to er and ir verbs.• When used as adjectives, participles must agree with nouns in number and gender.Hinchado=swollenTorcido=sprainedHerido=hurtRomper=brokenAbierto=openWhen er or ir verbs like caerse have a stem that ends in a vowel, the I of the third-person preterite endings changes to y. io changes to yo and ieron changes to yeron. In all other forms the I has a written accent mark to show that the I is pronounced as a separate syllable.

The verb leer also has a stem that ends in a vowel and follows the same pattern as caerse. Construir has the same third-person endings, but has no accent marks in the tu,Nosotros, and vosotros forms.

things or ways to get hurt:• When we are hurt or injure ourselves it is reflexive- quemarSE = to burn (youself)- lastimarSE = to hurt or injure (specific area of the body_- dolerSE = to hurt (in pain)- romperSE = to break- cortarSE = to cut- torcerSE = to sprain or twist- caerSE = to fall down- darLE un calambre = to get a cramp- enfermarSE = to get sick- estar refriado(a) = to have a cold- estornudar = to sneeze - resfriarSE = to catch a cold- tener un calambre = to have a cramp- tener hinchado = to be swollen- darSE un golpe = hit (part of body)- Tener tos = to have a coughTo talk about getting hurt:¿Qué te pasó? = What happened to you¿Qué tienes? = what’s the matter (with you)?

How to help people who are hurt:1.Me rompí el brazo = I broke my arm. Tienes que ir al medico = you need to go to the doctor.2. tengo una tos que no se me quita = I have a cough that will not stop.Tomate este jarabe = take some cough medicine.3.me duele la cabeza = I hit my head.Tomate unas aspirinas = take some aspirin

Verbs with reflexive pronouns and direct objects:• Reflexive pronouns reflect back to the subject• You can use a reflexive pronoun with a verb to talk about someone doing something to himself or herself.Ex. El cocinero se cortó = the Cook cut himselfMe rompí la pierna = I broke my legTe torciste la rodilla = you twisted your knee.

• The reflexive pronoun can go just before the conjugated verb or it can be attached to the end of a present participle or infinitive.Ex. Esa jugadora se está vendando la manoLas otras jugadoras están calentándose

• You can use the reflexive pronoun with a direct object.• The direct object is often a part of the body or something you put on.Ex: el cocinero se corto el dedo y se puso una curita: the cook cut his finer and put on a bandage• The reflexive pronoun is attached to the end of the verb in affirmative commands. It is placed before the verb in negative commands.Ex: lavate las manos y ponte una curita: wash your hands and put on a bandage.No te quites los zapatos: don’t take off your shoesPonte hielo: put on ice.

Past Participles used as adjectives:• Verbs have a form called the past participle, which can be used as an adjective.• You can use it to describe a condition or an injury to a part of the body.Ex: me torcí el tobillo (I sprained my ankle) --- tengo el tobillo torcido = my ankle is sprained.• To form the past participles of regular verbs, drop the infinitive ending and add –ado to ar verbs and –ido to er and ir verbs.Ex: hinchar = hinchado (swollen)Herir = herido (hurt)

Preterite of verbs like caer:• When –er and –ir verbs like caerse have a stem that ends in a vowel, the I of third person preterite endings changes to y: ío – yo and –ieron = yeron.• In all other forms the í has a written accent mark (í) to show that the í is pronounced as a separate syllable.

• The verb leer also has a stem that ends in a vowel and follows the same pattern as caerse. Construer (to build) has the same third person endings, but has no accent marks in the tu, nosotros and vosotros forms.

Conjugation of leer:LeíLeísteLeyóLeímosLeyeron

Conjugation of construir:ConstruíConstruísteContruyóConstruimosConstruyeron.

Past Participles used as Adjectivesverbs have a from called past participle, which can be used as an adjective.You can use it to describe a condition or injury to a part of the bodyex:Me torcí el tobillo.I sprained my ankle.

Another subject we talked about was how to ask and give advice.To ask for adviceEstoy mal. Tengo tos y me duele la garganta.-I’m sick. I have a cough and my throat hurts.Tengo un dolor de cabeza que no se me quita.-I have a headache that won’t go away.

The first grammar section that we discussed in class was about verbs with reflexive pronouns and direct objects. Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject. A reflexive pronoun can be used with a verb to talk about someone doing something to himself/herself.For example: La jugadora se lastimè.-The player hurt herself.

You can use a reflexive pronoun with a direct object. The direct object is normally part of the body or something you put on.Example: La jugadora se lastimè y se vendè el tobillo.-The player hurt herself and wrapped her ankle.

The reflexive pronoun can go before the conjugated verb or it can be attached to the end of a present participle or infinitive. In affirmative commands, the reflexive pronoun is attached to the end of the verb. In negative commands, it is placed before the verb.Examples: Làvate las manos y ponte una curita. No te quites los zapatos. ¡Have mucho frìo!

Another thing we learned was past participles used as adjectives. These can be used to describe a condition or injury to a part of the body.To form the past participles of regular verbs, drop the infinitive ending and add –ado to –ar verbs and –ido to –er and –ir verbs. Some past participles are irregular, such as romper(broken) and abrir(open). Romper changes to roto and abrir changes to abierto. Remember, when used as adjectives, participles must agree with nouns in number and gender.Past participlesTorcer-torcì (sprained) [used as a verb]Torcer-torcido (sprained) [used as an adjective]Hinchar-hinchado (swollen)Herir-herido (hurt)Cortar-cortado (cut)Infectar-infectado (infected)Quemar-quemado (burned)Vendar- vendado (bandaged/wrapped)

The final topic we discussed the preterite of verbs like caer. When –er and –ir verbs like caerse have a stem that ends in a vowel, the I of the third person preterite endings changes to y: iò-yò and ieron-yeron. In all other forms the I has a written accent mark (ì) to show that the ì is pronounced as a separate syllable.Caerse (to fall)Me caìTe caìsteSe cayòNos caìmosSe cayeron

The verb leer follows the same pattern as caerse. The verb construer has the same third-person ending, but has no accent marks in the tù and nosotros forms.Leer(to read)LeìLeìsteLeyòLeìmosLeyeron

Verbs with Reflexive Pronouns and Direct Objects• You can use a reflexive pronoun with a verb to talk about someone doing something to him/her self• You can use a reflexive pronoun with a direct object. The direct object is often a part of the body or something that you put on. Ex: El mechanico se dio un golpe en la cabeza y se pon el hielo.

Reflexive Pronoun Placement• The reflexive pronoun can go just before the conjugated verb or it can be attached to the end of a present participle or infinitive. Ex: Ella va a ponerse una curita Yo me esta di un calambre Usted esta vandandose el tobillo• The reflexive pronoun is attached to the end of the verb in affirmative commands. It is placed just before the verb in negative commands Ex: Ponte el hielo en el tobillo No te quemes el mano

Past Participles used as Adjectives• Verbs have a form called the past participle, which can be used as an adjective• You can use it to describe a condition or an injury to a part of the body

Verbs with reflexive pronouns and direct objects: You can use a reflexive pronouns with a direct object. The direct object is often a part of the body or something that you put on.• Miguel se dio un golpe.• Me rompí mi pierna.• Jorge se torcío su tobillo.Past participles used as adjectives: Verbs in the past participle form can be used as an adjective. You can use it to describe a condition or an injury to a part of the body.• Ricardo tiene la piel quemada.• Israel tiene la pierna rota.• Miguel tiene el tobillo torcido.Preterite of verbs like caer: When –er or –ir verbs like caerse have a stem that ends in a vowel, the I of the third person preterite endings change to y: -ió.• Yo me caí del arból.• Guillermo leyó un libro.• Oscar construyó una casa.

Verbs-Caerse- to fallCalentarse(ie)- to warm upCotarse- to cutDarle un calambre- to get a crampDarse un golpe- to hitDescansar- to restDoler(ue)- to hurtEnfermarse- to be sickEstar resfriado/a- to catch a coldEstirarse- to stretchEstornudar- to sneezeLastimarse- to hutQuedarse- to stayQuemarse- to burnRomperse- to breakTener un calambre- to have a crampTener cuidado- to be carefulTener hinchado- to have a swollenTener infactado- to have an infectionTener tos- to have a coughTocerse- to twist/sprainTomarse- to takeVendarse- to wrap