Social Change in India shows the shift of focus that occurred during Florence Nightingale's more than forty years of work on public health in India. While the focus in the preceding volume, Health in India, was top-down reform, notably in the Royal Commission on the Sanitary State of the Army in India, this book documents concrete proposals for self-government, especially at the municipal level, and the encouragement of leading Indian nationals themselves. Famine and related epidemics continue to be issues, demonstrating the need for public works like irrigation and for greater self-help meas.

"WHO's third decade was characterized by a sense of optimism, perhaps naive in retrospect. There was a feeling that progress was possible, not only in health, but in social and economic ways to improve individual and collective well-being. This optimism was reflected in the approval by the Thirtieth World Health Assembly in May 1977 of resolution WHA30.43, which stated that WHO's main social target for the coming decades should be for all citizens of the world to attain by the year 2000 a level of health to enable them to lead socially and economically productive lives."--Introduction, p. vii.

China's concentrated HIV epidemic is on the brink of becoming a generalized one and syphilis infection has become a major public health threat. Social factors relating to gender and gender inequality exacerbate the spread of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in China. A better understanding of the proximate social determinants of HIV related to gender will be crucial to effectively curbing HIV and other STIs in China. Aspects of China's governance - including administrative procedures, the developing legal system, social institutions, and the public health infrastructure are instrumental in shaping strategies and responses to HIV. International studies suggest that women who are more economically and socially vulnerable may also have a greater risk of HIV infection, yet few initiatives have focused on discrete areas where achievable and sustainable gender policy measures could be linked to the public health response. This study presents perspectives ranging from criminology to social psychology to better understand how gender perspectives can inform HIV policy in the context of China. - Publisher's Description.

"The report presents the first global systematic review of scientific data on the prevalence of two forms of violence against women: violence by an intimate partner (intimate partner violence) and sexual violence by someone other than a partner (non-partner sexual violence). It shows, for the first time, global and regional estimates of the prevalence of these two forms of violence, using data from around the world. Previous reporting on violence against women has not differentiated between partner and non-partner violence."--Website.

Global health justice : towards a transformative agenda for health equity -- Globalized health hazards : the need for collective global action -- Global health law in the broader currents of global governance for health -- Fulfilling the promise of the World Health Organization -- Old and new institutions : from the World Bank to the Global Fund, GAVI Alliance, and Gates Foundation -- The international health regulations : responding to public health emergencies of international concern -- The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control : the global response to tobacco -- Health and human rights : human dignity, global justice, and personal security -- Global health, international trade, and intellectual property : toward a fair deal for the global south -- "Getting to zero" : scientific innovation, social mobilization, and human rights in the AIDS pandemic -- The international migration of health workers : a troubling example of global injustice -- Pandemic influenza: a case study on global health security -- The "silent" pandemic of non-communicable diseases -- Imagining global health with justice.

Hepatitis B (HBV) is a vaccine-preventable viral disease that, if untreated, can lead to death from liver disease in 25 percent of patients. Infection with HBV is a major global public health problem, particularly in Asian populations. In an era of limited healthcare budgets, mathematical models can be useful tools to identify cost-effective programs and to support policymakers in making informed decisions. This dissertation describes research on public health policies related to screening, vaccination, and treatment for HBV. It also describe contributions to the theoretical literature on when to stop catch-up vaccination for chronic infectious diseases. In the United States as many as 10% of Asian and Pacific Islander adults are chronically infected with HBV, and up to two thirds are unaware that they are infected. Using Markov models of infection, treatment and disease, I find that screening programs for HBV among Asian and Pacific Islander adults are likely to be cost effective and have clinically significant benefits from identifying chronically infected persons for medical management. Liver disease associated with childhood-acquired HBV is a leading cause of death among adults in China. Approximately 20% of children under age 5 years and 40% of children aged 5 to 19 years remain unprotected from HBV. Using a Markov model of infection and disease progression I find that HBV catch-up vaccination for children and adolescents in China would improve the health of the population and save costs over the long term. Although the 20th century has seen incredible development of safe and effective vaccines, many people remain susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. "Catch-up vaccination" for age groups beyond infancy can be an attractive and effective means of immunizing people who were missed earlier. However, as vaccination rates increase, catch-up vaccination may become less attractive. This chapter addresses the question of when to discontinue catch-up vaccination programs as immunization rates increase. I use a cost-effectiveness framework: I consider the cost per quality-adjusted life year gained of catch-up vaccination efforts, as a function of immunization rates over time and consequent disease prevalence and incidence. I illustrate the results with the example of HBV catch-up vaccination in China. I contrast results from a dynamic modeling approach with an approach that ignores the impact of vaccination on disease incidence.

This volume presents an integrated epidemiologic, social, and economic analysis of the global epidemics of HIV among sex workers in low- and middle-income countries. The book provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of the available public health and social science data to characterize the nature, scope, and complexities of these epidemics. A community empowerment-based approach to HIV prevention, treatment, and care is outlined and demonstrated to be cost-effective across multiple settings, with a significant projected impact on HIV incidence among sex workers and transmission dynamics overall. The Global HIV Epidemics among Sex Workers seeks to assist governments, public health implementing agencies, donors, and sex worker communities to better understand and respond to the epidemics among a population facing heightened social and structural vulnerabilities to HIV. The book combines a systematic review of the global epidemiology of HIV among sex workers and in-depth case studies of the epidemiology, policy and programmatic responses and surrounding social contexts for HIV prevention, care and treatment in eight countries. The authors employ mathematical modeling and cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the potential country-level impact of a community empowerment-based approach to HIV prevention, treatment, and care among sex workers when taken to scale in four countries representing diverse sociopolitical contexts and HIV epidemics: Brazil, Kenya, Thailand, and Ukraine. In each setting, greater investment in prevention, treatment, and care for sex workers is shown to significantly reduce HIV. Together these findings underline the urgency of further global investment in comprehensive, human rights-based responses to HIV among sex workers.

Global Orthopedics: Caring for Musculoskeletal Conditions and Injuries in Austere Settings was conceived and written to be a unique reference for surgeons working in resource-limited environments. The first sections provide historical background, global public health perspectives of orthopedics, the role of culture, and a broad discussion of non-surgical and non-orthopedic clinical topics that are rarely encountered in high-resource settings but that affect orthopedic care. Adult and pediatric trauma are presented in an anatomical format for easy reference, with a focus on the natural history and the best treatment methods within existing limitations. The chapters on musculoskeletal infections provide a wealth of knowledge about these common debilitating conditions that is unavailable in any other single modern text. The non-infectious pediatric conditions section has been written for the non-specialist to handle selected developmental and early childhood orthopedic problems commonly seen in low-resource settings. Detailed chapters on reconstruction surgery, tumor management, amputations, and the orthopedic needs in the face of conflicts and natural disasters round out the text.

The idea of social capital emerged in the social science disciplines to explain puzzling phenomena such as why some communities fare better in crisis than others. As the field matures, it has been adapted to wide-ranging issues such as population health. This book presents the major research issues as well as nuanced theoretical discussion in keeping with an evolving field in Europe, Asia, and the U.S. Background chapters analyze how social capital manifests in neighborhoods, workplaces, and schools, and its relationship to health. The second half offers guidelines for improving population health at the social capital level, and examples of interventions, such as microfinance programs, in which enhanced social capital and health benefits are a significant by-product. And a number of contributors debate the problems of defining the concept and using the term at all.

The WHO Global report on drowning: preventing a leading killer highlights that 372,000 people drown worldwide each year. Drowning is among the ten leading causes of death for children and young people in every region of the world. The report sets out the evidence showing a range of effective drowning prevention strategies, and makes a number of recommendations for concrete measures to be taken by national and local governments. With the release of this report, WHO aims to galvanize attention and action to this issue by highlighting how collaboration across sectors can save lives.--Publisher description.

The Global status report on alcohol and health 2014 presents a comprehensive perspective on the global, regional and country consumption of alcohol, patterns of drinking, health consequences and policy responses in Member States. It represents a continuing effort by the World Health Organization (WHO) to support Member States in collecting information in order to assist them in their efforts to reduce the harmful use of alcohol, and its health and social consequences. The report was launched in Geneva on Monday 12 May 2014 during the second meeting of the global network of WHO national counterparts for implementation of the global strategy to reduce the harmful use of alcohol.--Publisher's description.

This global status report on prevention and control of NCDs (2014), is framed around the nine voluntary global targets. The report provides data on the current situation, identifying bottlenecks as well as opportunities and priority actions for attaining the targets. The 2010 baseline estimates on NCD mortality and risk factors are provided so that countries can report on progress, starting in 2015. In addition, the report also provides the latest available estimates on NCD mortality (2012) and risk factors, 2010-2012. All ministries of health need to set national NCD targets and lead the development and implementation of policies and interventions to attain them. There is no single pathway to attain NCD targets that fits all countries, as they are at different points in their progress in the prevention and control of NCDs and at different levels of socioeconomic development. However all countries can benefit from the comprehensive response to attaining the voluntary global targets presented in this report.--Publisher description.

"This report sets out the statistics, evidence and experiences needed to launch a more forceful response to the growing threat posed by noncommunicable diseases. While advice and recommendations are universally relevant, the report gives particular attention to conditions in low- and middle-income countries, which now bear nearly 80% of the burden from diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases. The health consequences of the worldwide epidemic of obesity are also addressed. The report takes an analytical approach, using global, regional and country-specific data to document the magnitude of the problem, project future trends, and assess the factors contributing to these trends. As noted, the epidemic of these diseases is being driven by forces now touching every region of the world: demographic aging, rapid unplanned urbanization, and the globalization of unhealthy lifestyles"--Publisher's description.

"This is the nineteenth global report on tuberculosis (TB) published by WHO in a series that started in 1997. It provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the TB epidemic and progress in implementing and financing TB prevention care and control at global regional and country levels using data reported by over 200 countries that account for over 99% of the world's TB cases. The report is accompanied by a special supplement that marks the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the Global Project on Anti-TB Drug Resistance Surveillance. The supplement highlights the latest status of knowledge about the epidemic of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and the programmatic response."--Ebook Library.

"The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Report 2012 provides the latest information and analysis about the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic and progress in TB care and control at global, regional and country levels. It is based primarily on data reported by WHO's Member States in annual rounds of global TB data collection. In 2012, 182 Member States and a total of 204 countries and territories that collectively have more than 99% of the world's TB cases reported data." --Executive summary, p. 1.

Organizational pathways to political incorporation : the role of coalitions -- Immigrant political power : claims-making coalitions and policy outcomes -- Research design for theory and practice -- Massachusetts and California : 2004-2007 -- Organizational analysis : process and outcomes -- Immigrant organizations and policy change : the future role of coalitions.

Introduction -- "Not everything that stinks kills" : odors and germs on the streets of Paris, 1880 -- The sanitarian's legacy, or how health became public -- Taxonomies of transmission : local etiologies and the equivocal triumph of germ theory -- Putting germ theory into practice -- Toward a cleaner and healthier republic -- Odors and "infection," 1880 and beyond -- The legacy of the twentieth century.

As work is recognized as beneficial to people's well-being, its absence is being considered in greater detail. Increasingly, work disability is being understood as a public health issue, and work disability prevention is gaining strength as an aspect of occupational health.The Handbook of Work Disability overviews this emerging field in accessible and practical fashion. This timely volume offers current theory for understanding the determinants of work disability (regardless of illness or injury that keeps individuals from the workplace), and a template for interventions that benefit both patient and other stakeholders. Experts across multiple fields examine the lives of work disabled patients, analyze the societal and workplace burden of work disability, and review bedrock concepts of the disability and its prevention. Featuring assessment tools, evidence-based intervention strategies, and insights into disorder-specific populations, this is information useful to the practicing clinician, the researcher, and the trainee. Included in the Handbook: Pain, chronicity, and disability.Measuring outcomes in work disability prevention.The influence of care providers on work disability. Psychosocial factors for disability and return to work.Core components of return-to-work interventions.Plus issue-specific chapters on low back pain, TBI, mental illness, and cancer. The Handbook of Work Disability is a definitive reference for psychologists, therapists, and rehabilitation professionals, as well as administrators, researchers, and students.

Tannenbaum gives readers a comprehensive overview picture of medical practices from 1600 to 1800. She covers all aspects of medicine from surgery to the role of religion in healing, and describes the way in which all three cultures in colonial America-- European, African, and Native American-- thought about medicine.

Revitalising the public health evidence base: an asset model -- A salutogenic approach to tackling health inequalities -- A theoretical model of assets: the link -- Asset mapping in communities -- Assets based interventions: evaluating and synthesizing evidence of the effectiveness of the assets based approach to health promotion -- Resilience as an asset for healthy development -- How to assess resilience: reflections on a measurement model -- Measuring children's well-being: some problems and possibilities -- The relationship between health assets, social capital and cohesive communities -- Community empowerment and health improvement: the English experience -- Strengthening the assets of women living in disadvantaged situations: the German experience -- Sustainable community-based health and development programs in rural India -- The application and evaluation of an assets-based model in Latin America and the Caribbean: the experience with the healthy settings approach -- Parents and communities' assets to control under-five child malaria in rural Benin, West Africa -- Strengthening asset focused policy making in Hungary -- How forms in social capital can be an asset for promoting health equity -- Internal and external assets and Romanian adolescents' health: an evidence-based approach to health promoting schools policy -- Bringing it all together: the salutogenic response to some of the most pertinent public health dilemmas.

Clinicians and Health Care Advocacy: The Reasons Why -- How Does Federal Health Policy Work? -- Tools and Resources to Build Advocacy Skills -- Opportunities for Advocacy in the Legislative Branch -- The Rules of the Game -- Advocacy in the Executive Branch of Government -- Establishing a Health Policy Strategy at the Association Level -- Building Partnerships and Coalition Advocacy -- State-Level Advocacy -- Local Advocacy for the Health Care Professional -- Clinicians and Health Care Advocacy: What Comes Next?.

Part I Introduction -- Theorizing, empiricizing and analyzing health care utilization in Germany: An introduction -- Part II Theory -- Re-revisiting the Behavioral Model of Health Care Utilization by Andersen: A review on theoretical advances and perspectives -- Health care utilization within the system of statutory sickness funds in Germany -- Part III Methodology -- The problem of repeated surveys: How comparable are their results regarding utilization of medical services? -- Health care utilization research using secondary data -- Health care utilization: Insights from qualitative research -- Part IV Results: Selected determinants -- Gender and utilization of health care -- Socioeconomic status and health care utilization in Germany: A systematic review -- Migration and health care utilization in the European context -- How do socioeconomic factors influence the amount and intensity of services utilization by family caregivers of elderly dependents? -- Part IV b Results: Selected diseases -- Health care utilization by dementia patients living at home and their kins -- Utilization of general practitioners by obese men and women: Review for Germany and results from the MONICA/KORA cohorts S3/F3 and S4/F4 -- Utilization of physiotherapy by patients with rheumatic diseases -- Participation in self-help activities amongst patients with rheumatic diseases -- Part IV b Results: Selected sectors of care -- Social determinants of utilization of psychotherapy in Germany -- Variation in the use of prevention and health promotion services according to gender, age, socioeconomic, and migration status -- Utilisation of an Integrated Care Pilot in Germany: Morbidity, age and sex distribution of Gesundes Kinzigtal Integrated Care membership in 2006-08 -- Part V Extroduction -- Health care utilization: A concluding note on research prospects.

Living and dying in nineteenth-century McLean County -- No place like home : hospitals and the development of institutional care -- Nursing, gender, and modern medicine -- Doctors and organized medicine -- An ounce of prevention : public health services -- Matters of life and death : experience and expectations of health, illness, and medical care in the twentieth century.

Part I. Context for HIA: integrating public health, planning and policy development -- Part II. Introduction to core concepts and key examples of HIA -- Part III. Applied learning: Conducting an HIA -- Part IV. HIA today and tomorrow.

Health in All Policies: A Guide for State and Local Governments starts with background information on the concept of Health in All Policies in order to ground the reader in key concepts and definitions. Part I includes an overview of the social determinants of health and describes Health in All Policies as an approach to address these key drivers of health outcomes and health inequities. The authors discuss the connections between health, equity, and sustainability and describe the importance of addressing equity and sustainability in order to build healthy communities. Part I also includes an overview of the key principles of Health in All Policies, a description of a healthy community as a goal for Health in All Policies work, and an international history of Health in All Policies.

Health care and public health are finding common -- but conflicted -- ground in population health. Current discussions in the two fields are collecting a large and growing set of tools, but with little clarity about which are appropriate for exactly what kind of work. Furthermore, neither field provides a clear explanation about how to manage this work within the field, including budgets, job descriptions, and evaluation methods, etc. that distinguish between good and better, efficient, effective or not. The following article offers four linked domains of thought and practice that together constitute a bridge from where we are to where we want to be -- healthier people and institutions -- by using the idea of the Leading Causes of Life as the supporting paradigm.

At a time when lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals--often referred to under the umbrella acronym LGBT--are becoming more visible in society and more socially acknowledged, clinicians and researchers are faced with incomplete information about their health status. While LGBT populations often are combined as a single entity for research and advocacy purposes, each is a distinct population group with its own specific health needs. Furthermore, the experiences of LGBT individuals are not uniform and are shaped by factors of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, geographical location, and age, any of which can have an effect on health-related concerns and needs. The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People assesses the state of science on the health status of LGBT populations, identifies research gaps and opportunities, and outlines a research agenda for the National Institute of Health. The report examines the health status of these populations in three life stages: childhood and adolescence, early/middle adulthood, and later adulthood. At each life stage, the committee studied mental health, physical health, risks and protective factors, health services, and contextual influences. To advance understanding of the health needs of all LGBT individuals, the report finds that researchers need more data about the demographics of these populations, improved methods for collecting and analyzing data, and an increased participation of sexual and gender minorities in research. The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People is a valuable resource for policymakers, federal agencies including the National Institute of Health (NIH), LGBT advocacy groups, clinicians, and service providers.

This book presents a detailed overview of the healthcare environment in Viet Nam. Given the general lack of understanding of healthcare in the Vietnamese context, it discusses the background and history, current status and the future of healthcare in the country. The first part of the book provides a summary of the current state of Vietnamese healthcare, incorporating discussions on the training and professional practice environment and the development, implementation and impact of national insurance policies. In addition, it highlights the cultural aspects of health provision and behaviours, technology integration and health trends from a number of angles based on standard global reporting dimensions. The second part elaborates on the 5-year strategic plan for national healthcare management and the top 5 barriers to meeting these planned objectives. It documents key investors and project objectives and outcomes, as well as the top 10 health issues in Vietnam including an overview of national and international initiatives to tackle these issues, addressing financial and social burdens in the process. In the third part, the book outlines the opportunities and barriers for improvement in healthcare outcomes for Viet Nam, providing evidence to support future work by local or international researchers. It is a fundamental text for anyone looking to work or research in the Vietnamese healthcare environment and provides an outline for project planning and targeted programs of work to achieve measureable improvements in Viet Nam.

"The joint WHO and UN-HABITAT report, Hidden cities: unmasking and overcoming health inequities in urban settings, is being released at a turning point in human history. For the first time ever, the majority of the world's population is living in cities, and this proportion continues to grow ... The number of urban residents is growing by nearly 60 million every year. This demographic transition from rural to urban, or urbanization, has far-reaching consequences ... " - p. ix

1. Prevention of HIV Infection in the Absence of a Vaccine -- 2. Study Report on Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission for HIV+ Pregnant Mothers in the Yunnan Province -- 3. Antiretroviral Treatment Compliance in the Wenlou Village of Henan Province: A Case Study in Rural China -- 4. HIV/AIDS Treatment and Control in India and the Millennium Development Goals -- 5. HIV Treatment Scale-Up in Africa: The Impact of Drug Resistance -- 6. A Practical Way to Improve Access to Essential Medicines Against Major Infectious Diseases -- 7. When will most AIDS patients in the world have access to effective antiretroviral therapy?

From seventeenth-century broadsides about the handling of dead bodies, printed during London's plague years, to YouTube videos about preventing the transmission of STDs, public health advocacy and education has always had a powerful visual component. Imagining Illness explores the diverse visual culture of public health, broadly defined, from the nineteenth century to the present. Contributors to this volume examine historical and contemporary visual practices-Chinese health fairs, documentary films produced by the World Health Organization, illness maps, fashions for nurses, and live surgery.

Obesity and Cancer in Appalachia -- Disparities in Cancer Outcomes A UK Perspective -- Behavioral Differences Leading to Disparities in Energy Balance and Cancer -- Impact of obesity, race, and ethnicity on cancer survivorship -- The biology of aging: Role in cancer, metabolic dysfunction and health disparities -- Energy Balance and Multiple Myeloma in African Americans -- Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Obesity and Inflammatory Genes in African Americans with Colorectal Cancer -- Ethnic Differences in Insulin Resistance as a mediator of Cancer Disparities -- Role of ethnic differences in mediators of energy balance -- Community-Based Strategies to Alter Energy Balance in Underserved Breast Cancer Survivors -- The role of policy in reducing inflammation -- Cancer Prevention through Policy Interventions that Alter Childhood Disparities in Energy.

This direct, accessible guide uses a human rights perspective to define effectiveness in aid delivery and offer a robust framework for creating sustainable health programs and projects and assessing their progress. Geared toward hands-on professionals in such critical areas as food aid, maternal health, and disease control, it lays out challenges and solutions related to funding, planning, and complexity as individual projects feed into and impact larger health and development systems. Contributors clarify optimum roles of government, academia, NGOs, community organizations, and the private sector in aid delivery to inspire readers' broader and deeper uses of teamwork, communication, and imagination. Throughout, the guiding principles of justice, equity, and respect that underlie foundational documents such as the Millennium Declaration inform this visionary work. Included in the coverage: Assessing the effectiveness of health projects. Scaling-up of high-impact interventions. Aid effectiveness and private sector health organizations. When charity destroys dignity and sustainability. Effective conversations in global health projects. Lessons from the field on sustainability and effectiveness. For professionals in global health and development, Improving Aid Effectiveness in Global Health is a trusted and encouraging mentor. This volume gives its readers the necessary logistical and attitudinal tools to bring about lasting change, and shows how to use them meaningfully in both the short term and the long run.

Committee on Health Impact Assessment, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council, National Research Council of the National Academies.

"Many Americans believe that the United States has one of the best health-care systems in the world and that consequently Americans enjoy better health than most of the world's populations. The data, however, do not support that belief. In fact, the United States is ranked 32nd in the world in life expectancy even though it is ranked third in total expenditures on health care as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). Clearly, good health is determined by more than money spent on the health-care system. In fact, a growing body of research indicates that living conditions - including such factors as housing quality, exposure to pollution, and access to healthy and affordable foods and safe places to exercise - have a greater effect on health. That research highlights the importance of considering health in developing policies, programs, plans, and projects, including ones that may not appear at first to have an obvious relationship to health. Health impact assessment (HIA) has arisen as an especially promising way to factor health considerations into the decision-making process. It has been defined in various ways but essentially is a structured process that uses scientific data, professional expertise, and stakeholder input to identify and evaluate public-health consequences of proposals and suggests actions that could be taken to minimize adverse health impacts and optimize beneficial ones"--Publisher's description.

"Half the world's people currently live in rural and remote areas. The problem is that most health workers live and work in cities. This imbalance is common to almost all countries and poses a major challenge to the nationwide provision of health services. Its impact, however, is most severe in low income countries. ... The World Health Organization (WHO) has therefore drawn up a comprehensive set of strategies to help countries encourage health workers to live and work in remote and rural areas. These include refining the ways students are selected and educated, as well as creating better working and living conditions. ... The guidelines ... complement the WHO Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel, adopted by the Sixty-third World Health Assembly in May 2010. The Code offers a framework to manage international migration over the medium to longer term. The guidelines are a tool that can be used straight away to address one of the first triggers to internal and international migration - dissatisfaction with living and working conditions in rural areas. Together, the code of practice and these new guidelines provide countries with instruments to improve workforce distribution and enhance health services." - p. i

"While the public health philosophy of the 20th Century -- emphasizing prevention -- is ideal for addressing natural disease outbreaks, it is not sufficient to confront 21st Century threats where adversaries may use biological weapons agents as part of a long-term campaign of aggression and terror. Health care providers and public health officers are among our first lines of defense. Therefore, we are building on the progress of the past three years to further improve the preparedness of our public health and medical systems to address current and future BW [biological warfare] threats and to respond with greater speed and flexibility to multiple or repetitive attacks." Homeland Security Presidential Directive 21 Bioterrorism is not a new threat in the 21st century -- thousands of years ago the plague and other contagious diseases were used in warfare -- but today the potential for catastrophic outcomes is greater than it has ever been. To address this threat, the medical and public health communities are putting various measures in place, including systems designed to pro-actively mon- itor populations for possible disease outbreaks"--Provided by publisher.

Examines federal and state public health funding for preventive care and state variations in disease rates, healthcare access, and other data. Calls for adequate levels of investment on a sustained basis and cites examples of prevention efforts.

The book presents a detailed assessment of the health science of lead and the human health risk assessment models for lead's human health impacts, followed by an account of various regulatory efforts in the United States and elsewhere to eliminate or reduce human toxic exposures to lead. The science of lead as presented here covers releases of lead into the environment, lead's movement through the environment to reach humans who are then exposed, and the spectrum of toxic effects, particularly low-level toxic effects, on the developing central nervous system of the very young child. The section on human health risk assessment deals with quantifying not only the dose-response relationships that underlie toxic responses to lead in sensitive populations but also with the likelihood of toxic responses vis-vis environmental lead at some level of exposure. This section includes a treatment of computer models of lead exposure, particularly those that use lead in whole blood as a key measure. Various models convert lead intake via various body compartments into measures of body lead burden. Such measures are then directly related to severity of injury. The final section of the book deals with past and present regulatory efforts to control lead releases into the human environment. Current control efforts present a mixed picture. The most problematic issue is the continued presence of lead paint in older housing and lead in soils of urban and mining industry communities. Comprehensive assessment of the three major facets of the public health problem of lead: the voluminous science, the risk assessment approaches, and approaches to controlling lead as a public health problem. Integration of the above three elements to provide a coherent whole Provides a single source of information that will be extremely valuable to all professionals working in areas impacted by this toxic substance.

Beyond Stanford

Continuously expanding, all databases in the repository
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reactions, dosage and administration, mechanism of action, storage,
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information from the National Library of Medicine. Links are from
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or productsLPCH
CareNotes via MicroMedex: Patient education handouts customized by
LPCH clinical staffMicromedex
Lab Advisor: Evidence based laboratory test informationA drug database organized by generic
name, trade name and drug class.LPCH /
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goldmine of trusted consumer health information from the world's
largest medical library.A trusted
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Large number of high quality software
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Collection of
over 8 thousand fulltext titles in engineering, math, and basic and
applied biomedical research. Coverage is from 1967 to the present.A library of ebooks on a wide array of
topics, digitized and made available online in conjunction with the
original publishers.