This study utilizes land registry data from the First and Second Stage Land Registration Reforms that took place in 1998 and 2016 in sampled districts and communities in Tigray region of Ethiopia. Tigray was the first region to implement low-cost land registration and certification in Ethiopia and providing household level land certificates in the names of household heads.

Poor access to extension services has been one of the major challenges that smallholder farmers in Malawi face. Dissemination of agricultural technologies is mainly done through field level extension workers and lead farmers; however, such workers are few in number. In addition to this, there is lack of harmonization of messages, approaches and methods in extension delivery at field level.

Women and girls typically experience the most extreme poverty because they face greater burdens of unpaid work, limited assets and productive resources compared to men, less access to education, and cultural factors that limit life-chances including early marriage.3 In addition, while there is a growing body of evidence showing that innovation has the power to transform women’s lives, there is

• Research shows that in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) climate variability already influences water availability, ecosystem services, and agricultural production. According to downscaled climate projections, the risks of climate-induced hazards such as floods, landslides, and droughts are projected to increase significantly by 2050.

The overarching recognition in all the literature is that climate change will have huge and largely detrimental impacts on vulnerable communities, and that gender will be a defining feature in shaping individuals’ experiences of adverse circumstances.

A number of factors affect a household’s nutritional status: food production; access and availability of food; care in the home; health, water, sanitation and hygiene practices; women’s agency and empowerment; and women’s role as primary caregivers.

The absence of feedback mechanisms through which rape victims can hold government accountable for the quality of post-rape service delivery informed the rationale for the intervention discussed in this report. The study aims to better understand the experiences of rape victims accessing governmental post-rape services in South Africa.

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