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ELISA and Immunoassays

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a biochemical technique to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample. Whereas an indirect ELISA is used to determine the amount of antibodies to a specific antigen in a sample, a Sandwich ELISA is used to determine the concentration of the analyte by use of antibodies that bind to the analyte (and a standard). A different way of determining the analyte concentration is a competitive ELISA, often called EIA. This technique is preferred for small analytes.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a biochemical technique to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample. Whereas an indirect ELISA is used to determine the amount of...
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a biochemical technique to detect the presence of an antibody or an antigen in a sample. Whereas an indirect ELISA is used to determine the amount of antibodies to a specific antigen in a sample, a Sandwich ELISA is used to determine the concentration of the analyte by use of antibodies that bind to the analyte (and a standard). A different way of determining the analyte concentration is a competitive ELISA, often called EIA. This technique is preferred for small analytes.

CCL2 also known as the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine and more particularly an C-C chemokine. Initially discovered in 1983, it is a monomeric polypeptide of 73 amino acids (13 kDa). It belongs to a family composed at least of members (MCP-1, -2, -3, and -4). CCL-2 is produced by the immune-cells (monocyte/macrophages) and non-immune cells...

CXCL9 is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as Monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG). It is secreted by various cell types including immune cells (T lymphocytes, NK cells, macrophages), and non-immune cells (fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells). The main factor of production is the interferon-gamma in Th1-type immune...

CXCL10 is also known as interferon-gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10 with a molecular weight close to 10 kDa. CXCL10 is expressed by several cellular types like monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts stimulated by the interferon-gamma (INF-gamma). The receptor of this chemokine is CXCR3 that is shared with CXCL9 and CXCL11. CXCL10 plays...

Leptin, the product of the ob (obese) gene, is produced mainly in the adipose tissue, and is considered to play an important role in appetite control, fat metabolism, and body weight regulation. The primary effect of leptin appears to be mediated by leptin receptors expressed mainly in the hypothalamus. In humans, leptin levels correlate with body mass index (BMI) and...

Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is biosynthesized in the brain by a lipocalin-type PGD2 synthase where it acts in the CNS to promote sleep induction and lowering of body temperature. PGD2 is also the major eicosanoid product of mast cells and is synthesized in large quantities by a hematopoetic-type PGD synthase during allergic and asthmatic anaphylaxis. Measurement of the parent...

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). It is secreted with a circadian periodicity, and peaks just prior to waking in the morning. Cortisol is often elevated in major depressive disorder, certain forms of hypertension, stress, AIDS, and in the visceral fat of obese individuals. Cortisol can be measured...

Cayman's Cortisol Express ELISA is a competitive assay that permits the rapid measurement of cortisol from biological samples, requiring only a two hour incubation and one hour development times. This ELISA offers the convenience of a fast assay while maintaining sensitivity.NOTE: Due to an approximate 15% cross-reactivity with dexamethasone, this kit may not be suitable for...

Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is produced physiologically from the sequential oxygenation of DHA by 15- and 5-lipoxygenases. The 17(R)-epimer of RvD1 can also be generated with aspirin-treatment. Both RvD1 and its 17(R) configuration reduce human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) transendothelial migration, the earliest event in acute inflammation. RvD1 exhibits antihyperalgesic...

Leukotrienes (LTs) are a group of acute inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway in leukocytes. LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are collectively referred to as cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs). LTC4 and LTD4 are potent mediators of asthma and hypersensitivity. They induce bronchoconstriction, increase microvascular permeability, and are...

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an experimental autoimmune disease that is widely used as a model of human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the study of the pathogenic mechanisms of this disease and for testing potential therapeutics. Circulating levels of anti-type II collagen antibody are strongly associated with the development of arthritis and can be used as a biomarker...

The isoprostanes are a family of eicosanoids of non-enzymatic origin produced by the random oxidation of tissue phospholipids by oxygen radicals. At least one of the isoprostanes, 8-isoprostane (8-iso PGF2alpha), has biological activity and has implicated as a causative mediator and specific marker of free radical-induced damage in a variety of diseases related to oxidative...

Oxytocin is a hypothalamic peptide hormone that is stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It is released into the bloodstream during parturition and lactation and is also involved in other social and sexual behaviors, neuropsyciatric disorders, and the maintenance of water and sodium homeostasis. Cayman's Oxytocin ELISA Kit is a competitive assay that can be used for...