Acetazolamide is a diuretic (a drug that increases urine output) that increases kidney excretion of bicarbonate. This decreases the blood pH, thereby stimulating extra breathing, which results in higher oxygen levels in the blood.

In addition, acetazolamide corrects nighttime pauses in breathing known as periodic breathing. Acetazolamide also improves symptoms of insomnia.

This medication may also be utilized in a preventative manner in people with a prior history of altitude sickness.

Antibiotics may be given if a fever is present and pneumonia is possible.

For more severe cases of HAPE, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask ventilation can be used. Although uncomfortable to wear, the CPAP mask helps by increasing the pressure of the inhaled air.

If this intervention fails, a tube may be placed through the mouth and into the airway. This, along with assisted ventilation, is required to treat respiratory failure.