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Well, the first bit is knowing what the different editions are:
1741 Orthographía española
Initial alphabet of 24 letters (ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVXYZ)
U and V considered variations of the same letter
J called i jota, Z called zeta or zeda
Ç rejected as a letter, to be replaced by z
W called walima rejected as a letter, foreign words with it to be ...

There simply isn't sufficient need for simplified Spanish.
There are estimated 390 mln people speaking Spanish, with 329 mln of them being native speakers. Thus only small minority (15%) of people speaking Spanish are non-native speakers.
By contrast, there are estimated 1.5 bln people speaking English (on various levels), but only 328mln of them are ...

They were speaking Latin
In 711, the Moors took over Hispania. While Vulgar Latin was dominant, due to the influence of the Moors, it took on a different form, integrating Arabic and forms of a related dialect called Mozarabic. Arabic was the most influential language in the development of Spanish; it is estimated that approximately 3000-4000 words in ...

I was not aware of any attempts to create a single language that would be "simple Spanish". Still, you can find a lot of books written in simplified Spanish. They are called "lecturas graduadas" and are adapted for students of different levels.
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) defines six levels of knowing a language:
...

All those word-roots have Latin origins as follows:
duco : I lead
voco : I call
loco : I place
ludo : I play
mitto : I send
Since most of those words have English cognates, I point you to the Internet Wayback Machine's link to the American Heritage Dictionary, which used to be free online, and had good etymologies.

I think that transformation is only when the /h/ or /f/ is the first letter.
This transformation is related (in theory) to the preromanic languages, this case it's atributed to euskara substrat that also influences de aspirated /h/ is Gascon language.
Sources:
Historia del español
Where we found: la desaparición de f- inicial en muchas palabras que en ...

There have been various attempts made at forming "simplified Spanish" but none of them seem to have caught on as a "standard" in the same way Basic English has--very likely for reasons pointed out in @vartec's answer.
You can read about one such proposal, apparently intended for accademic use, which suggests such simplifications as simplifying numbers by ...

The distinction between Latin and Spanish (or Catalan, Portuguese, French, Italian, etc.) is inherently somewhat arbitrary. These languages went through a series of stages, some of them poorly documented. Until very recently, most people would also have spoken a local variant that didn't evolve into a modern, standardized language.
What can be said is that ...

First, it's important to clarify that there are many different versions of the Reina-Valera Bible. The Wikipedia article explains that the first version was published in 1569, and there have been many versions since. However, when people talk about the RVR, they are generally referring to the 1960 version. Since 1960 there have been additional revisions (the ...

The text seems to be a judicial/police probe (official investigation) about as I read in the original thread seems to be if they are of pure blood (not from muslim or jew descents). Actually, that is what "provança" seems to mean, which nowadays is "probanza":
(De probar).
f. Averiguación o prueba que jurídicamente se hace de algo.
"Dho" ...

Cognates are words that mean the same and are spelled the same in 2 languages. The site spanishcognates.org has many cognates for English to Spanish, but probably not all, there are a LOT!
The reason that there are so many is because Spanish and English both have Latin and Greek roots. There is a list of English words derived from Latin words on Wikipedia ...

Those are called cognates with the same meaning, and, since both English and Spanish are Indo-European languages many words utimately share their etimology, even when they look different.
See for example the numbers:
One - Uno
Two - Dos
Three - Tres
Four - Cuatro
Six - Seis
Seven - Siete
Eight - Ocho
Nine - Nueve
Ten - Diez
Some of them are obvious ...

Este alfabeto está hecho para el latín, por eso hay que forzar las letras en otros idiomas donde a e i o u no alcanzan. ESTA ES LA RAZÓN: Porque el español no se apartó mucho del latín original PARA EL CUAL ESTÁ HECHO EL ABC Dario.
Because the ABCD is the latin alphabet, and Spanish is so much similar to latin. But because in some part of history almost ...

Even though this is an old post i love chatting about the Spanish Bible
I agree with your analysis that alot of Spanish Bibles are translated using old Spanish vernacular or just the modern Castilian Spanish of Spain.
Bible Translation has to be approched different than just normal translations because you have to take into account the copies of the ...

At Spain, you'll hear people using different sounds for b and v if they grew on bilingual environments or families (talking Spanish and Catalan), since the Catalan language enforces the difference.
So that occurs exactly at Valencia, Cataluña and Balearic Islands. At those islands we also have a 'nice feature' (among others) where some people are unable to ...

Searching in Google Books, shows that translation being already used back in 1969.
This is a newspaper/magazine called Hispano americano from 1969. Search for "dos de ellas" and "mariscal de campo". Take a look on the snippets of page 59, left column. It is definitely related to sports, possibly to American football.
I know it is not a complete answer, but ...

As far as I know, there is no "official" Basic Spanish.
But take the 850 Basic English words, translate them into Spanish, and you have a "basic Spanish" vocabulary that you can work with. At least, those are the Spanish words I'd learn first.