Inflammation caused by diapers is one of the most common skin diseases in infants and children all over the world. Among the current therapies، modern chemical medicines are the most common ways of therapy despite their potential risks. In the present study، a variety of available chemical and complementary therapies are presented to facilitate the selection or further research on the range of available treatments with no or fewer side effects.

Methods

Published articles on diaper dermatitis were searched in databases and search engines، including Magiran، Irandoc، SID، Ovid، PubMed، Google scholar، ScienceDirect، and IranMedex from 2010 to 2018. Finally، a total of 80 articles out of the 138 related articles were reviewed.

Results

The treatments were divided into two general categories of topical and systemic treatments. Topical treatments included chemical and herbal subcategories. Corticosteroids، antibacterial agents، antifungals، and other medications composed chemical treatments. According to the information obtained from each category، corticosteroids are the most risky and herbal medicine the safest medication. However، herbal and traditional medicines were the most widely-used treatments for diaper dermatitis.

Conclusion

According to the findings، the choice of appropriate prescription and safe treatment for medical personnel and parents of children is limited. Further studies are recommended on traditional medicines that little information is available about them.

During the growth process، young adults are often exposed to and involved in a number of risky behaviors which can have permanent social and health-related consequences. Moreover in clinical practice with adolescents، they frequently miss to comply with a therapeutic program. In this regard، designing proper interventions for adolescent behaviors is necessary. Psychodrama is a kind of non-scripted theater often used as a psychotherapy. The purpose of this review is to determine the effect of psychodrama on the health of adolescent girls.

Methods

Resources were searched in the databases of Scopus، Ovid، Science Direct، PubMed، Web of Science، IranMedex، and SID، with keywords of “psychodrama”، “adolescence”، “teenager”، “health”، and “girls.” Both English and Persian resources without time limitation were reviewed.

Results

In total، 1840 relevant studies were found. By respecting inclusion criteria، 8 interventional studies were selected to be included in this review. In these studies، some of the effects of psychodrama، such as improving anxiety، depression، oppositional deviant disorder، hyperactivity، frustration، emotional regulation، aggression، conflict resolution skills، forgiveness، self-esteem، and communication skills were determined.

Conclusion

The study results indicate improvement of some topics of mental or social health of the adolescent girls. It is suggested that other topics of mental and social health be investigated and more valid studies be designed on the effects of psychodrama on the mental and social and physical health of adolescent girls.

Demographic changes all over the world confirm an increase in elderly populations، who require assistance and support. In order to plan support services this study aimed to compare support needs of urban and rural elders who referred to health centres in Kermanshah City، Iran، in 2016.

Methods

The study design was descriptive-comparative. A total of 384 elderly (192 urban and 192 rural elderly) were selected by random cluster sampling method from all healthy elderly referring to health centers in Kermanshah. Data was collected by a demographic form and also the Supportive Care Need Scale to analyses the data، descriptive and inferential statistics were used. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant for all tests.

Results

The results of this study، using the Independent t test، showed that the urban elders had more spiritual needs than the rural elderly (t=1.21، P=0.02). Also، the results of the Chi-square test showed that the differences between the two groups of the participants regarding health care needs (P<0.01)، educational (P<0.001)، recreation (P<0.001) and transportation (P<0.01) are significant. But there were no significant differences between rural and urban elderly in the case of nutritional needs (t=0.072، P=0.94)، personal care (P=0.68)، and housing (P=0.71).

Conclusion

According to the findings، designing educational programs for urban elders would be effective in meeting their spiritual needs. On the other hand، establishing recreational facilities، meeting their health needs and increasing the level of literacy in rural elderly are essential to prevent their social isolation.

Intimate-Partner Violence (IPV) is considered a disastrous social phenomenon. Apparently، women are more likely to suffer from the negative impacts of this problem. This study aimed to study and compare vulnerability to stress and coping strategies in women with and without IPV.

Methods

This study was a descriptive and cross-sectional research. The study sample was recruited by convenience sampling method. A total of 70 women with IPV and 70 women without IPV were matched by age and educational level. The relevant data were collected by Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and analyzed using 1-way ANOVA in SPSS (V. 22).

Results

The findings revealed a significant difference between coping strategies used by the two groups; women with IPV employed more emotional-focused coping strategies compared to women without IPV (P<0.001). Moreover، vulnerability to stress in women without IPV was less than the women with IPV experiences (P<0.001).

Conclusion

According to the findings، it is recommended that the coping strategy skills of women experiencing IPV be enhanced and their marital conflicts be resolved.

Stomatitis as one of the serious side effects of chemotherapy is associated with multiple problems and worse of all failure of cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate the effect of hydroalchoholic extract of the Althaea root in the treatment of stomatitis pain related to chemotherapy.

Methods

This triple-blind clinical trial was carried out on 50 cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced stomatitis and oral pain، who referred to the Oncology Centre of Shahid Beheshti Hospital، Kashan، Iran. The control group was treated with 15 mL of routine mouthwash solution four times a day for 14 days، whereas the experimental group was treated with half of routine mouthwash solution combined with Althaea root extract (50.50). The severity of stomatitis pain was evaluated using Visual Analog Scale at the baseline، and then 7 and 14 days after the study. The obtained data were analyzed using the Chi-square test، Fisher’s exact test، Independent t test، and repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS-PC V. 19.

Results

At the base line، the mean score of oral pain in the control group was 4.28±1.39، which reduced to 2.36±1.18 and 1.60±1.15 on the 7th and 14th day، respectively after the intervention. In the experimental group، the mean score of oral pain was 4.36±1.70 at the baseline which reduced to 2.72±1.67 on the 7th day and 1.12±1.56 on the 14th day (P=0.02، for the two groups، and in three different time points). The results showed that the reduction of the severity of stomatitis pain was statistically significant in the experimental group compared with the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Althaea root extract can be used as a suitable and safe mouthwash for relief of stomatitis oral pain in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Given the negative impact of cancer on the quality of life، low self-efficacy and self-esteem are common in the patients suffering from cancer. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem in these patients.

Methods

This study was descriptive and cross-sectional and was conducted in Ayatollah Khansari Hospital in Arak. The obtained data were collected from 160 eligible patients diagnosed with cancer using Coopersmith self-esteem inventory and the strategies used by people to promote health and then analyzed in SPSS V. 20.

Results

Spearman correlation showed a significant relationship between the subscales and the total score of self-efficacy and self-esteem score (P<0.05). Also، linear regression analysis revealed that self-efficacy could significantly predict self-esteem (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Self-efficacy had a direct relationship with self-esteem. By improving self-efficacy، self-esteem will increase and lead to more self-care compliance and initiative in cancer patients.

Menstrual disorders or dysmenorrhea are common health problems in women. Presumably، lifestyle factors could be associated with this condition. This study aimed to evaluate dysmenorrhea and its related lifestyle factors in the high school students of Urmia City، Iran.

Methods

In this descriptive cross-sectional study، 1475 students of all girls’ high schools were recruited by stratified sampling from urban areas of Urmia City، Iran in 2016. The relevant data were gathered by a researcher-made questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess women’s dysmenorrhea in the last 3 menstrual cycles. Then the obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA، Chi-square، Pearson’s contingency coefficient، and Gamma in SPSS-PC V. 23.

Results

The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 93.7% among study participants. Significant and direct relationships were observed between dysmenorrhea and lifestyle (diet [P<0.001]، exercise (P<0.001)، and sleep status (P<0.001])، except for the number of family members and duration of menstrual cycle. In addition، there was significant and negative correlation between dysmenorrhea and demographic factors (BMI [P<0.001]، age [P<0.001]، birth order [P<0.001]).

Conclusion

Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent and may be related to lifestyle factors among high school students. High school teachers should be aware of these facts، and proper information about lifestyle should be provided for girls suffering from dysmenorrhea symptoms.