So my girlfriends son and I were talking about chicken eggs when I had heard a random fact, that white thing inside of some chicken eggs you before you cook it is actually the sperm is this true?

I know this a dumb question, but I am really curious how the sperm had gotten in there I guess a biological run down of how the egg is formed would be interesting to learn about.

How do I know what eggs are for eating vs. those for hatching? or if there is a rooster should I consider them to all be fertile?

I guess we were all new once, so maybe these questions are not as dumb as I had thought.

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Not a dumb question at all! A fertilized egg will have a little white bulls eye right on the yolk. If there is a rooster in the flock, you may consider all eggs fertilized. Maybe the top hen with no rooster wear is not, but a look at her yolk will tell. A tiny white spot on the yolk that doesn't look like a bulls eye is not fertilized by the male.
ETA: here is an article and pics that explain everything.http://www.the-chicken-chick.com/2012/01/how-hen-makes-egg-egg-oddities.html

The white material you find in the white of the egg is called the Chalazae. It's the "suspension system" that keeps the yolk centered in the egg. You will never see a sperm. There will never be a sperm cell in an egg that has been laid. Long before the egg gets laid, the chromosomes from the sperm have joined those of the ova to produce the blastodisk which will develop into the chick only if the egg gets incubated. All eggs are for eating unless you choose to incubate them.