Sleep Info

Learn to Sleep Better

The three cornerstones to a healthy life are diet, exercise and sleep. Sleep is the easiest to fix! Read about the latest sleep research and get advice to help you learn how to get the best night’s rest possible. Check out the links to the left for the latest in sleep research and tips on how to sleep better.

What's Your Zzzz Score

Our goal is to help you learn how to sleep better with sleep tips, advice, articles, and other resources. Take our all-new Zzzz Score, an 8-question survey that assesses your sleep habits and provides personalized tips and information on how to get a better night’s sleep.

Recommended Products

Carpenter Co., the creator of SleepBetter, is the largest manufacturer of comfort cushioning in the world. Since 1948, our focus has been on quality, technology and comfort. We manufacture a wide variety of products, all designed to help you get a great night’s sleep.

SleepBetter Lost-Hour Economic Index

On March 10, the United States and a number of other nations will move their clocks forward one hour, as Daylight Saving Time begins. The spring time change can lead to (at minimum) fatigue and sluggishness due to losing an hour of sleep. But, how much money does it cost us? SleepBetter.org investigated, and created the Lost-Hour Economic Index. Using the table below, you can find out how much it costs in each of the top 360 metropolitan areas in the United States. Use the search feature to find out how much it costs in your area.

Note: Methodology for this index can be found below. Markets in Hawaii and a portion of Arizona are excluded, as they do not participate in Daylight Saving Time.

MSA

Total Cost of
Lost Hour

Population
in 2010

Index Rank

Per Capita
Cost

% Difference
From Nat'l Avg.

MSA Rank

National

$433,982,548.00

260,392,304

$1.65449

Morgantown, WV

$445,685.00

129,709

1

$3.37947

104.26%

293

Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH

$930,759.00

287,702

2

$3.18188

92.32%

162

Parkersburg-Marietta, WV-OH

$519,472.00

162,056

3

$3.15273

90.56%

245

Charleston, WV

$973,594.00

304,284

4

$3.14694

90.21%

156

Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA

$925,487.00

309,544

5

$2.94061

77.74%

151

Lakeland, FL

$1,582,213.00

602,095

6

$2.58458

56.22%

87

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL

$7,283,123.00

2,783,243

7

$2.57369

55.56%

18

Ocala, FL

$863,182.00

331,298

8

$2.56256

54.89%

147

North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, FL

$1,822,027.00

702,281

9

$2.55172

54.23%

73

Punta Gorda, FL

$404,984.00

159,978

10

$2.48982

50.49%

247

Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA

$1,412,054.00

563,631

11

$2.46403

48.93%

90

Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC

$662,576.00

269,291

12

$2.41994

46.27%

168

Pittsburgh, PA

$5,794,723.00

2,356,285

13

$2.41877

46.19%

22

Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL

$1,336,302.00

543,376

14

$2.41877

46.19%

96

Evansville, IN-KY

$873,111.00

358,676

15

$2.39418

44.71%

142

Tulsa, OK

$2,277,053.00

937,478

16

$2.38892

44.39%

54

Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL

$334,825.00

138,028

17

$2.38584

44.20%

283

Bloomington, IN

$464,931.00

192,714

18

$2.37282

43.42%

218

Chattanooga, TN-GA

$1,268,241.00

528,143

19

$2.36178

42.75%

98

Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL

$1,187,424.00

494,593

20

$2.36128

42.72%

103

Bangor, ME

$368,824.00

153,923

21

$2.35671

42.44%

259

Alexandria, LA

$367,169.00

153,922

22

$2.34615

41.81%

257

Palm Coast, FL

$227,338.00

95,696

23

$2.33651

41.22%

347

Muncie, IN

$279,430.00

117,671

24

$2.33557

41.17%

317

Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL

$428,270.00

180,822

25

$2.32946

40.80%

224

Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL

$1,455,015.00

618,754

26

$2.31281

39.79%

84

Mobile, AL

$967,710.00

412,992

27

$2.30459

39.29%

126

Jacksonville, FL

$3,146,585.00

1,345,596

28

$2.29993

39.01%

40

Toledo, OH

$1,523,209.00

651,429

29

$2.29976

39.00%

82

Lafayette, IN

$471,375.00

201,789

30

$2.29752

38.87%

210

Canton-Massillon, OH

$943,763.00

404,422

31

$2.29519

38.72%

128

Johnson City, TN

$461,978.00

198,716

32

$2.28654

38.20%

214

Dayton, OH

$1,952,542.00

841,502

33

$2.28210

37.93%

62

Knoxville, TN

$1,617,373.00

698,030

34

$2.27890

37.74%

74

Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL

$1,037,154.00

448,991

35

$2.27193

37.32%

110

Terre Haute, IN

$394,960.00

172,425

36

$2.25291

36.17%

233

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL

$12,725,469.00

5,564,635

37

$2.24919

35.95%

8

Port St. Lucie-Fort Pierce, FL

$969,275.00

424,107

38

$2.24782

35.86%

117

State College, PA

$351,910.00

153,990

39

$2.24765

35.85%

256

Asheville, NC

$969,459.00

424,858

40

$2.24427

35.65%

116

Lewiston-Auburn, ME

$243,661.00

107,702

41

$2.22512

34.49%

334

Lexington-Fayette, KY

$1,066,009.00

472,099

42

$2.22084

34.23%

106

Jackson, TN

$260,264.00

115,425

43

$2.21771

34.04%

321

Michigan City-La Porte, IN

$251,036.00

111,467

44

$2.21503

33.88%

329

Cheyenne, WY

$206,604.00

91,738

45

$2.21503

33.88%

354

Naples-Marco Island, FL

$723,778.00

321,520

46

$2.21405

33.82%

149

Bowling Green, KY

$282,675.00

125,953

47

$2.20733

33.42%

302

Kokomo, IN

$221,462.00

98,688

48

$2.20711

33.40%

345

South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI

$715,354.00

319,224

49

$2.20402

33.21%

150

Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC

$818,612.00

365,497

50

$2.20285

33.14%

141

Anderson, IN

$294,790.00

131,636

51

$2.20256

33.13%

295

Atlantic City, NJ

$612,213.00

274,549

52

$2.19317

32.56%

169

Columbus, IN

$170,968.00

76,794

53

$2.18967

32.35%

362

Johnstown, PA

$318,637.00

143,679

54

$2.18119

31.83%

275

Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA

$1,215,731.00

549,475

55

$2.17610

31.53%

94

Lawton, OK

$274,358.00

124,098

56

$2.17442

31.43%

307

Louisville, KY-IN

$2,826,250.00

1,283,566

57

$2.16562

30.89%

42

Morristown, TN

$300,143.00

136,608

58

$2.16094

30.61%

286

Wheeling, WV-OH

$323,960.00

147,950

59

$2.15361

30.17%

268

Wichita Falls, TX

$331,130.00

151,306

60

$2.15244

30.10%

266

Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA

$1,236,309.00

565,773

61

$2.14919

29.90%

91

Owensboro, KY

$249,981.00

114,752

62

$2.14258

29.50%

322

Shreveport-Bossier City, LA

$868,062.00

398,604

63

$2.14190

29.46%

129

Gainesville, FL

$574,037.00

264,275

64

$2.13636

29.13%

173

Altoona, PA

$275,914.00

127,089

65

$2.13528

29.06%

305

Williamsport, PA

$251,895.00

116,111

66

$2.13372

28.97%

319

Panama City-Lynn Haven, FL

$364,847.00

168,852

67

$2.12517

28.45%

236

Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI

$9,268,747.00

4,296,250

68

$2.12188

28.25%

13

Birmingham, AL

$2,431,810.00

1,128,047

69

$2.12028

28.15%

50

Elizabethtown, KY

$257,362.00

119,736

70

$2.11403

27.78%

313

Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY

$2,440,468.00

1,135,509

71

$2.11384

27.76%

49

Ocean City, NJ

$207,878.00

97,265

72

$2.10205

27.05%

351

Fort Wayne, IN

$888,743.00

416,257

73

$2.09993

26.92%

122

Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV

$265,544.00

124,454

74

$2.09854

26.84%

311

Huntsville, AL

$890,913.00

417,593

75

$2.09832

26.83%

119

Erie, PA

$598,252.00

280,566

76

$2.09720

26.76%

164

Montgomery, AL

$798,346.00

374,536

77

$2.09646

26.71%

136

Gulfport-Biloxi, MS

$528,298.00

248,820

78

$2.08825

26.22%

185

Carson City, NV

$116,608.00

55,274

79

$2.07490

25.41%

366

Anniston, AL

$250,003.00

118,572

80

$2.07373

25.34%

316

Mansfield, OH

$261,914.00

124,475

81

$2.06951

25.08%

310

Sandusky, OH

$161,894.00

77,079

82

$2.06578

24.86%

363

Elkhart-Goshen, IN

$414,780.00

197,559

83

$2.06496

24.81%

216

Florence, AL

$308,807.00

147,137

84

$2.06422

24.76%

206

Auburn-Opelika, AL

$293,975.00

140,247

85

$2.06161

24.61%

276

Lafayette, LA

$573,540.00

273,738

86

$2.06072

24.55%

167

Lima, OH

$221,940.00

106,331

87

$2.05289

24.08%

336

Clarksville, TN-KY

$571,732.00

273,949

88

$2.05264

24.07%

166

Lebanon, PA

$278,565.00

133,568

89

$2.05123

23.98%

292

Reading, PA

$857,038.00

411,442

90

$2.04871

23.83%

125

Gadsden, AL

$217,236.00

104,430

91

$2.04596

23.66%

338

York-Hanover, PA

$904,776.00

434,972

92

$2.04583

23.65%

113

Barnstable Town, MA

$447,310.00

215,888

93

$2.03784

23.17%

198

Ann Arbor, MI

$713,184.00

344,791

94

$2.03440

22.96%

146

Springfield, OH

$285,322.00

138,333

95

$2.02862

22.61%

285

Wilmington, NC

$747,299.00

362,315

96

$2.02861

22.61%

139

Dothan, AL

$299,824.00

145,639

97

$2.02478

22.38%

270

Monroe, LA

$362,816.00

176,441

98

$2.02244

22.24%

229

Hattiesburg, MS

$293,083.00

142,842

99

$2.01802

21.97%

272

Lancaster, PA

$1,064,016.00

519,445

100

$2.01465

21.77%

99

Decatur, AL

$313,503.00

153,829

101

$2.00444

21.15%

258

Oklahoma City, OK

$2,550,073.00

1,252,987

102

$2.00169

20.99%

43

Pascagoula, MS

$330,101.00

162,246

103

$2.00107

20.95%

242

Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV

$546,398.00

269,140

104

$1.99674

20.69%

172

Casper, WY

$153,138.00

75,450

105

$1.99624

20.66%

364

Greenville, SC

$1,289,377.00

636,986

106

$1.99086

20.33%

83

Greensboro-High Point, NC

$1,464,797.00

723,801

107

$1.99044

20.31%

71

New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA

$2,360,696.00

1,167,764

108

$1.98827

20.17%

46

Las Vegas-Paradise, NV

$3,941,238.00

1,951,269

109

$1.98658

20.07%

30

Indianapolis, IN

$3,537,009.00

1,756,241

110

$1.98081

19.72%

35

Missoula, MT

$219,657.00

109,299

111

$1.97660

19.47%

332

Ithaca, NY

$203,399.00

101,564

112

$1.96970

19.05%

342

Dover, DE

$324,756.00

162,310

113

$1.96789

18.94%

241

Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH

$4,151,800.00

2,077,240

114

$1.96580

18.82%

28

Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ

$1,614,902.00

821,173

115

$1.93420

16.91%

64

Prescott, AZ

$414,603.00

211,033

116

$1.93229

16.79%

203

Providence-New Bedford-Fall River, RI-MA

$3,141,889.00

1,600,852

117

$1.93032

16.67%

38

Worcester, MA

$1,565,876.00

798,552

118

$1.92861

16.57%

67

Portland-South Portland-Biddeford, ME

$1,005,605.00

514,098

119

$1.92385

16.28%

101

Billings, MT

$308,857.00

158,050

120

$1.92200

16.17%

249

Springfield, MA

$1,353,410.00

692,942

121

$1.92098

16.11%

77

Ames, IA

$174,611.00

89,542

122

$1.91794

15.92%

356

Fayetteville, NC

$713,043.00

366,383

123

$1.91413

15.69%

137

Fort Smith, AR-OK

$580,963.00

298,592

124

$1.91364

15.66%

158

Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, LA

$403,825.00

208,178

125

$1.90787

15.31%

205

Rapid City, SD

$245,126.00

126,382

126

$1.90763

15.30%

300

Lewiston, ID-WA

$118,048.00

60,888

127

$1.90686

15.25%

365

Lake Charles, LA

$386,936.00

199,607

128

$1.90657

15.24%

213

Akron, OH

$1,359,432.00

703,200

129

$1.90138

14.92%

75

Baton Rouge, LA

$1,550,929.00

802,484

130

$1.90084

14.89%

66

Jackson, MS

$1,040,664.00

539,057

131

$1.89874

14.76%

95

Cleveland, TN

$223,348.00

115,788

132

$1.89718

14.67%

318

Iowa City, IA

$293,659.00

152,586

133

$1.89286

14.41%

255

Richmond, VA

$2,419,992.00

1,258,251

134

$1.89163

14.33%

44

Baltimore-Towson, MD

$5,209,507.00

2,710,489

135

$1.89034

14.26%

20

Blacksburg, VA

$312,735.00

162,958

136

$1.88752

14.08%

244

Orlando, FL

$4,092,620.00

2,134,411

137

$1.88588

13.99%

26

Great Falls, MT

$155,815.00

81,327

138

$1.88437

13.89%

359

Charlottesville, VA

$384,484.00

201,559

139

$1.87614

13.40%

208

Farmington, NM

$247,716.00

130,044

140

$1.87350

13.24%

301

Winston-Salem, NC

$909,101.00

477,717

141

$1.87168

13.13%

105

Greenville, NC

$359,766.00

189,510

142

$1.86714

12.85%

220

Pittsfield, MA

$248,995.00

131,219

143

$1.86631

12.80%

296

Sioux City, IA-NE-SD

$271,947.00

143,577

144

$1.86290

12.60%

273

Reno-Sparks, NV

$805,515.00

425,417

145

$1.86230

12.56%

115

Columbia, MO

$327,147.00

172,786

146

$1.86219

12.55%

232

Saginaw-Saginaw Township North, MI

$378,070.00

200,169

147

$1.85766

12.28%

215

Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL

$716,738.00

379,690

148

$1.85661

12.22%

134

Kalamazoo-Portage, MI

$614,919.00

326,589

149

$1.85185

11.93%

148

St. Louis, MO-IL

$5,295,893.00

2,812,896

150

$1.85172

11.92%

19

Jackson, MI

$300,340.00

160,248

151

$1.84336

11.42%

251

Columbus, OH

$3,441,849.00

1,836,536

152

$1.84324

11.41%

32

Coeur d'Alene, ID

$259,303.00

138,494

153

$1.84148

11.30%

280

Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN

$3,984,972.00

2,130,151

154

$1.83994

11.21%

27

Battle Creek, MI

$254,031.00

136,146

155

$1.83515

10.92%

288

Bay City, MI

$201,047.00

107,771

156

$1.83479

10.90%

335

Niles-Benton Harbor, MI

$292,506.00

156,813

157

$1.83460

10.89%

254

Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY

$1,621,964.00

870,716

158

$1.83212

10.74%

59

Amarillo, TX

$462,864.00

249,881

159

$1.82184

10.11%

184

Roanoke, VA

$570,732.00

308,707

160

$1.81834

9.90%

153

Harrisonburg, VA

$230,573.00

125,228

161

$1.81091

9.45%

306

Burlington, NC

$277,822.00

151,131

162

$1.80802

9.28%

261

Trenton-Ewing, NJ

$673,675.00

366,513

163

$1.80780

9.27%

140

Jefferson City, MO

$275,316.00

149,807

164

$1.80754

9.25%

265

Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA

$307,311.00

167,819

165

$1.80106

8.86%

237

Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ

$287,125.00

156,898

166

$1.79988

8.79%

253

Hot Springs, AR

$175,556.00

96,024

167

$1.79815

8.68%

349

Cumberland, MD-WV

$188,630.00

103,299

168

$1.79599

8.55%

339

Binghamton, NY

$458,868.00

251,725

169

$1.79288

8.36%

186

Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC

$1,015,110.00

556,877

170

$1.79285

8.36%

92

Dubuque, IA

$170,614.00

93,653

171

$1.79177

8.30%

353

Rocky Mount, NC

$277,596.00

152,392

172

$1.79160

8.29%

263

Flint, MI

$775,183.00

425,790

173

$1.79060

8.23%

120

Springfield, IL

$382,338.00

210,170

174

$1.78923

8.14%

204

Lynchburg, VA

$459,487.00

252,634

175

$1.78884

8.12%

183

Glens Falls, NY

$234,236.00

128,923

176

$1.78696

8.01%

299

Utica-Rome, NY

$543,419.00

299,397

177

$1.78516

7.90%

160

Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro, TN

$2,880,135.00

1,589,934

178

$1.78166

7.69%

37

Muskegon-Norton Shores, MI

$311,558.00

172,188

179

$1.77962

7.56%

234

Danville, VA

$192,681.00

106,561

180

$1.77840

7.49%

337

Goldsboro, NC

$221,405.00

122,623

181

$1.77585

7.34%

309

Florence, SC

$370,844.00

205,566

182

$1.77431

7.24%

267

Kingston, NY

$329,107.00

182,493

183

$1.77370

7.21%

226

Monroe, MI

$273,894.00

152,021

184

$1.77202

7.10%

264

Lansing-East Lansing, MI

$833,169.00

464,036

185

$1.76592

6.74%

109

Holland-Grand Haven, MI

$473,601.00

263,801

186

$1.76574

6.72%

174

Pine Bluff, AR

$179,721.00

100,258

187

$1.76307

6.56%

344

Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR

$243,750.00

136,027

188

$1.76242

6.52%

287

Springfield, MO

$782,413.00

436,712

189

$1.76210

6.50%

112

Salisbury, MD

$224,297.00

125,203

190

$1.76197

6.50%

308

Spartanburg, SC

$509,124.00

284,307

191

$1.76127

6.45%

163

College Station-Bryan, TX

$408,296.00

228,660

192

$1.75620

6.15%

193

St. Joseph, MO-KS

$227,058.00

127,329

193

$1.75388

6.01%

303

Syracuse, NY

$1,180,655.00

662,577

194

$1.75257

5.93%

80

Rochester, NY

$1,877,514.00

1,054,323

195

$1.75146

5.86%

51

Elmira, NY

$157,948.00

88,830

196

$1.74881

5.70%

357

Memphis, TN-MS-AR

$2,337,491.00

1,316,100

197

$1.74683

5.58%

41

Winchester, VA-WV

$227,756.00

128,472

198

$1.74361

5.39%

298

Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD

$10,561,043.00

5,965,343

199

$1.74125

5.24%

6

Anderson, SC

$331,261.00

187,126

200

$1.74111

5.24%

222

Jacksonville, NC

$314,639.00

177,772

201

$1.74076

5.21%

227

Jonesboro, AR

$213,245.00

121,026

202

$1.73297

4.74%

312

Sumter, SC

$188,886.00

107,456

203

$1.72886

4.49%

333

Bloomington-Normal, IL

$297,450.00

169,572

204

$1.72524

4.28%

235

Bismarck, ND

$190,424.00

108,779

205

$1.72174

4.06%

330

Champaign-Urbana, IL

$404,833.00

231,891

206

$1.71704

3.78%

192

Bremerton-Silverdale, WA

$438,118.00

251,133

207

$1.71584

3.71%

182

Lawrence, KS

$192,383.00

110,826

208

$1.70732

3.19%

328

San Antonio, TX

$3,716,198.00

2,142,508

209

$1.70595

3.11%

24

Des Moines, IA

$986,927.00

569,633

210

$1.70404

3.00%

88

Spokane, WA

$815,061.00

471,221

211

$1.70120

2.82%

108

Tyler, TX

$362,634.00

209,714

212

$1.70071

2.79%

200

Athens-Clarke County, GA

$332,237.00

192,541

213

$1.69713

2.58%

219

Wichita, KS

$1,073,694.00

623,061

214

$1.69488

2.44%

86

Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY

$1,154,051.00

670,301

215

$1.69334

2.35%

79

Joplin, MO

$301,371.00

175,518

216

$1.68877

2.07%

231

Abilene, TX

$282,987.00

165,252

217

$1.68426

1.80%

240

Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH

$7,793,647.00

4,552,402

218

$1.68380

1.77%

10

San Angelo, TX

$191,352.00

111,823

219

$1.68303

1.73%

325

Topeka, KS

$400,150.00

233,870

220

$1.68282

1.71%

189

Pocatello, ID

$155,071.00

90,656

221

$1.68238

1.69%

355

Madison, WI

$971,417.00

568,593

222

$1.68033

1.56%

89

Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC

$2,848,285.00

1,671,683

223

$1.67579

1.29%

36

Lubbock, TX

$483,463.00

284,890

224

$1.66908

0.88%

161

Tuscaloosa, AL

$371,157.00

219,461

225

$1.66337

0.54%

195

Sherman-Denison, TX

$203,597.00

120,877

226

$1.65660

0.13%

314

La Crosse, WI-MN

$224,725.00

133,665

227

$1.65357

-0.06%

290

Grand Forks, ND-MN

$165,417.00

98,461

228

$1.65236

-0.13%

346

Waco, TX

$394,549.00

234,906

229

$1.65195

-0.15%

188

Longview, TX

$359,095.00

214,369

230

$1.64754

-0.42%

197

Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX

$650,601.00

388,745

231

$1.64604

-0.51%

132

Cape Girardeau-Jackson, MO-IL

$160,928.00

96,275

232

$1.64403

-0.63%

350

Kansas City, MO-KS

$3,396,584.00

2,035,334

233

$1.64133

-0.80%

29

Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO

$772,340.00

463,204

234

$1.63993

-0.88%

107

Peoria, IL

$631,004.00

379,186

235

$1.63670

-1.07%

135

Corpus Christi, TX

$710,406.00

428,185

236

$1.63179

-1.37%

114

Sioux Falls, SD

$378,499.00

228,261

237

$1.63088

-1.43%

191

Decatur, IL

$183,380.00

110,768

238

$1.62828

-1.58%

331

Manchester-Nashua, NH

$663,068.00

400,721

239

$1.62744

-1.63%

130

Boise City-Nampa, ID

$1,017,199.00

616,561

240

$1.62263

-1.93%

85

Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI

$15,568,610.00

9,461,105

241

$1.61844

-2.18%

3

Eau Claire, WI

$265,021.00

161,151

242

$1.61748

-2.24%

243

Oshkosh-Neenah, WI

$274,532.00

166,994

243

$1.61690

-2.27%

238

Savannah, GA

$570,207.00

347,611

244

$1.61335

-2.49%

143

Little Rock-North Little Rock, AR

$1,147,493.00

699,757

245

$1.61285

-2.52%

72

Rome, GA

$157,878.00

96,317

246

$1.61216

-2.56%

352

Burlington-South Burlington, VT

$346,073.00

211,261

247

$1.61116

-2.62%

201

Warner Robins, GA

$229,125.00

139,900

248

$1.61081

-2.64%

274

Victoria, TX

$188,788.00

115,384

249

$1.60923

-2.74%

320

Macon, GA

$378,813.00

232,293

250

$1.60391

-3.06%

190

Columbus, GA-AL

$480,773.00

294,865

251

$1.60364

-3.07%

157

Midland, TX

$221,613.00

136,872

252

$1.59247

-3.75%

281

Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC

$2,845,880.00

1,758,038

253

$1.59213

-3.77%

33

Valdosta, GA

$225,264.00

139,588

254

$1.58721

-4.07%

278

Kankakee-Bradley, IL

$182,897.00

113,449

255

$1.58561

-4.16%

324

Brunswick, GA

$181,130.00

112,370

256

$1.58537

-4.18%

326

Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI

$2,506,228.00

1,555,908

257

$1.58426

-4.24%

39

Danville, IL

$131,406.00

81,625

258

$1.58337

-4.30%

360

Albany, GA

$253,037.00

157,308

259

$1.58206

-4.38%

252

Logan, UT-ID

$201,329.00

125,442

260

$1.57853

-4.59%

304

New Haven-Milford, CT

$1,384,050.00

862,477

261

$1.57832

-4.60%

60

Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood, TX

$649,274.00

405,300

262

$1.57558

-4.77%

127

Green Bay, WI

$490,506.00

306,241

263

$1.57533

-4.78%

152

Rockford, IL

$559,542.00

349,431

264

$1.57493

-4.81%

145

Fond du Lac, WI

$161,165.00

101,633

265

$1.55964

-5.73%

341

Manhattan, KS

$201,274.00

127,081

266

$1.55775

-5.85%

297

Cedar Rapids, IA

$408,023.00

257,940

267

$1.55581

-5.96%

177

Odessa, TX

$216,475.00

137,130

268

$1.55262

-6.16%

282

Albuquerque, NM

$1,399,881.00

887,077

269

$1.55210

-6.19%

57

Wenatchee, WA

$174,873.00

110,884

270

$1.55112

-6.25%

327

New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island,NY-NJ-PA

$29,682,674.00

18,897,109

271

$1.54489

-6.62%

1

Sheboygan, WI

$181,234.00

115,507

272

$1.54320

-6.73%

323

Norwich-New London, CT

$429,665.00

274,055

273

$1.54199

-6.80%

170

Wausau, WI

$210,056.00

134,063

274

$1.54105

-6.86%

291

Gainesville, GA

$280,222.00

179,684

275

$1.53385

-7.29%

225

Appleton, WI

$350,752.00

225,666

276

$1.52871

-7.60%

194

Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT

$1,877,815.00

1,212,381

277

$1.52336

-7.93%

45

Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA

$1,333,208.00

865,350

278

$1.51529

-8.41%

58

Racine, WI

$301,037.00

195,408

279

$1.51519

-8.42%

217

Janesville, WI

$246,458.00

160,331

280

$1.51187

-8.62%

250

Las Cruces, NM

$321,250.00

209,233

281

$1.51009

-8.73%

199

Mankato-North Mankato, MN

$147,728.00

96,740

282

$1.50192

-9.22%

348

Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI

$1,178,645.00

774,160

283

$1.49741

-9.49%

69

McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr, TX

$1,179,244.00

774,769

284

$1.49700

-9.52%

68

Duluth, MN-WI

$425,512.00

279,771

285

$1.49589

-9.59%

165

Yakima, WA

$369,819.00

243,231

286

$1.49541

-9.61%

187

Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA

$177,569.00

116,901

287

$1.49396

-9.70%

315

Dalton, GA

$215,804.00

142,227

288

$1.49234

-9.80%

277

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA

$19,390,317.00

12,828,837

289

$1.48658

-10.15%

2

Brownsville-Harlingen, TX

$612,204.00

406,220

290

$1.48226

-10.41%

124

Fairbanks, AK

$147,010.00

97,581

291

$1.48174

-10.44%

343

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA

$6,352,361.00

4,224,851

292

$1.47881

-10.62%

12

Longview, WA

$153,768.00

102,410

293

$1.47677

-10.74%

340

Bellingham, WA

$301,501.00

201,140

294

$1.47428

-10.89%

209

Rochester, MN

$278,633.00

186,011

295

$1.47328

-10.95%

223

Columbia, SC

$1,148,180.00

767,598

296

$1.47118

-11.08%

70

El Paso, TX

$1,192,338.00

800,647

297

$1.46470

-11.47%

65

Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI

$4,842,583.00

3,279,833

298

$1.45216

-12.23%

16

Hinesville-Fort Stewart, GA

$114,891.00

77,917

299

$1.45025

-12.34%

361

Raleigh-Cary, NC

$1,663,591.00

1,130,490

300

$1.44734

-12.52%

47

St. Cloud, MN

$277,151.00

189,093

301

$1.44155

-12.87%

221

Laredo, TX

$366,846.00

250,304

302

$1.44147

-12.88%

181

San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA

$393,949.00

269,637

303

$1.43698

-13.15%

171

Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA

$3,125,517.00

2,149,127

304

$1.43037

-13.55%

25

Hanford-Corcoran, CA

$221,963.00

152,982

305

$1.42702

-13.75%

260

Houston-Baytown-Sugar Land, TX

$8,591,542.00

5,946,800

306

$1.42095

-14.12%

5

Lincoln, NE

$435,900.00

302,157

307

$1.41888

-14.24%

154

Charleston-North Charleston, SC

$958,180.00

664,607

308

$1.41799

-14.29%

78

Olympia, WA

$361,151.00

252,264

309

$1.40807

-14.89%

180

Corvallis, OR

$122,493.00

85,579

310

$1.40778

-14.91%

358

Fargo, ND-MN

$298,526.00

208,777

311

$1.40634

-15.00%

202

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA

$7,462,139.00

5,268,860

312

$1.39295

-15.81%

9

Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA

$371,038.00

262,382

313

$1.39083

-15.94%

175

Chico, CA

$310,836.00

220,000

314

$1.38963

-16.01%

196

Eugene-Springfield, OR

$496,260.00

351,715

315

$1.38774

-16.12%

144

Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta, CA

$595,677.00

423,895

316

$1.38211

-16.46%

118

Redding, CA

$249,004.00

177,223

317

$1.38190

-16.48%

228

Napa, CA

$191,518.00

136,484

318

$1.38012

-16.58%

284

Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA

$677,960.00

483,878

319

$1.37803

-16.71%

104

Colorado Springs, CO

$897,143.00

645,613

320

$1.36672

-17.39%

81

San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA

$4,279,163.00

3,095,313

321

$1.35970

-17.82%

17

Idaho Falls, ID

$177,313.00

130,374

322

$1.33764

-19.15%

294

San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA

$5,859,991.00

4,335,391

323

$1.32941

-19.65%

11

Ogden-Clearfield, UT

$737,490.00

547,184

324

$1.32560

-19.88%

93

San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA

$2,472,499.00

1,836,911

325

$1.32385

-19.98%

31

Vallejo-Fairfield, CA

$554,586.00

413,344

326

$1.31961

-20.24%

123

Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA

$1,102,236.00

823,318

327

$1.31673

-20.41%

63

Denver-Aurora, CO

$3,395,406.00

2,543,482

328

$1.31296

-20.64%

21

Medford, OR

$268,465.00

203,206

329

$1.29939

-21.46%

207

Durham, NC

$666,098.00

504,357

330

$1.29894

-21.49%

102

Salinas, CA

$544,618.00

415,057

331

$1.29055

-22.00%

121

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX

$8,355,402.00

6,371,773

332

$1.28972

-22.05%

4

Anchorage, AK

$499,298.00

380,821

333

$1.28952

-22.06%

133

Austin-Round Rock, TX

$2,235,782.00

1,716,289

334

$1.28124

-22.56%

34

Bend, OR

$205,348.00

157,733

335

$1.28044

-22.61%

248

Kennewick-Richland-Pasco, WA

$325,878.00

253,340

336

$1.26515

-23.53%

176

Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA

$2,855,767.00

2,226,009

337

$1.26179

-23.74%

23

Salem, OR

$500,670.00

390,738

338

$1.26025

-23.83%

131

Madera, CA

$191,973.00

150,865

339

$1.25153

-24.36%

262

Boulder, CO

$374,413.00

294,567

340

$1.25013

-24.44%

159

Modesto, CA

$653,370.00

514,453

341

$1.24912

-24.50%

100

Grand Junction, CO

$186,143.00

146,723

342

$1.24778

-24.58%

269

Fresno, CA

$1,179,885.00

930,450

343

$1.24720

-24.62%

55

Pueblo, CO

$200,950.00

159,063

344

$1.24254

-24.90%

246

El Centro, CA

$220,389.00

174,528

345

$1.24198

-24.93%

230

Yuba City, CA

$210,683.00

166,892

346

$1.24160

-24.96%

239

Stockton, CA

$862,343.00

685,306

347

$1.23761

-25.20%

76

Bakersfield, CA

$1,051,318.00

839,631

348

$1.23150

-25.57%

61

Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV

$6,970,911.00

5,582,170

349

$1.22822

-25.76%

7

Salt Lake City, UT

$1,401,163.00

1,124,197

350

$1.22585

-25.91%

48

Greeley, CO

$314,296.00

252,825

351

$1.22267

-26.10%

179

Tallahassee, FL

$453,660.00

367,413

352

$1.21441

-26.60%

138

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA

$4,226,240.00

3,439,809

353

$1.20840

-26.96%

15

Merced, CA

$308,988.00

255,793

354

$1.18807

-28.19%

178

Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT

$1,105,338.00

916,829

355

$1.18576

-28.33%

56

Visalia-Porterville, CA

$531,838.00

442,179

356

$1.18296

-28.50%

111

St. George, UT

$165,901.00

138,115

357

$1.18140

-28.59%

279

Santa Fe, NM

$164,210.00

144,170

358

$1.12025

-32.29%

271

Fort Collins-Loveland, CO

$340,812.00

299,630

359

$1.11871

-32.38%

155

Provo-Orem, UT

$517,472.00

526,810

360

$0.96610

-41.61%

97

Index Methodology

These are the findings of Chmura Economics & Analytics in a study entitled “Estimating the Economic Loss of Daylight Saving Time for U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas” commissioned by the Carpenter Co. The study focused on only the aspects of economic losses where solid evidence from peer-reviewed academic journals could be obtained, showing how the DST change can lead to an increase in heart attacks, workplace injuries in the mining and construction sectors, and increased cyberloafing that reduces productivity for people who typically work in offices. A reasonable economic cost was then developed from the economic costs of heart attacks, workplace accidents and cyberloafing and applied to the more than 300 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSA) in the U.S.

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