Earthquake,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Numerous ruins in the city that in danger of collapse in the event of an earthquake

Housing,
Human resources,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Legal framework,
Other Threats: Severe deterioration of historic buildings that threaten the Outstanding Universal Value of the property

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Continuous deterioration of earthen architecture structures and decorated surfaces from lack of conservation and maintenance practices

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Continuous deterioration of earthen architecture structures and decorated surfaces from lack of conservation and maintenance practices

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Continuous deterioration of earthen architecture structures and decorated surfaces from lack of conservation and maintenance practices

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Continuous deterioration of earthen architecture structures and decorated surfaces from lack of conservation and maintenance practices

Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Land conversion,
Legal framework,
Management systems/ management plan,
Storms,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Fragility of the abdobe structures

Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: a) Lack of maintenance of historic buildings;
b) Use of reinforced concrete in the centre of town

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Management systems/ management plan,
Mining,
Surface water pollution,
Other Threats: Instability and risk of collapse of the Cerro Rico; Deficiencies in conservation: special attention required for the restoration and upgrading of structures with residential use and the archaeological industrial heritage

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structure; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structure; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structure; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: a) Serious deterioration of materials and structure; b) Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: a) Serious deterioration of materials and structure; b) Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property; c) Absence of detailed and technical information on the state of conservation of the property since 2007;

Flooding,
Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: a) Serious deterioration of materials and structureb) Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the propertd) Absence of detailed and technical information on the state of conservation of the property since 2007;

Management systems/ management plan,
Water (rain/water table),
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structures; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property;

Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structures ; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property ; Absence of communication from the State Party since 2007

Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structures; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Changes in traditional ways of life and knowledge system,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Serious deterioration of materials and structures; Deterioration of the architectural and urban coherence and integrity of the property

Erosion and siltation/ deposition,
Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: a) Deterioration and destruction of the fabric of the property by environmental factors, lack of a maintenance programme, as well as polluted water

Erosion and siltation/ deposition,
Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Deterioration and destruction of the fabric of the property by environmental factors, lack of maintenance, as well as polluted water

Erosion and siltation/ deposition,
Housing,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Deterioration and destruction of the fabric of the property by environmental factors, lack of maintenance, as well as polluted water

Fire (widlfires),
Ground transport infrastructure,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Accident of a crane which damaged one of the most important monuments at Machu Picchu, the Intihuatana or stone sundial

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Earthquake,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Flooding,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Other Threats: Material decay and abandonment of buildings, as well as the effect of heavy traffic on historic buildings

Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction;
Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given

Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction;
Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given; Very little conservation work carried out

Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction;
Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given; Very little conservation work carried out

Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: a) Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction; b) Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; c) Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given; d) Very little conservation work carried out

Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: a) Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction; b) Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; c) Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given; d) Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: a) Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction; b) Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years; c) Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given; d) Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction ; Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years ; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings such as the Leaching House are liable to structural collapse if no support is given ; Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction ; Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years ; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings, such as the Leaching house, are liable to structural collapse if no support is given ; Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the industrial buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction ; Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years ; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings, such as the Leaching house, are liable to structural collapse if no support is given ; Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, in addition to stucco and lightweight construction; Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years ; Corrosion of metal cladding and dismantlement of some of the structural elements. A few buildings, such as the Leaching house, are liable to structural collapse if no support is given ; Very little conservation work carried out

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Ground transport infrastructure,
Management systems/ management plan,
Wind,
Other Threats: Extremely fragile nature of the buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, and stucco and lightweight construction that functioned with regular maintenance; Lack of maintenance over the past 40 years ; Metal cladding corroded and some of the structural elements dismantled. A few buildings, such as the Leaching house, are liable to structural collapse if no support is given ; Very little conservation work carried ou

Deliberate destruction of heritage,
Ground transport infrastructure,
Military training,
Wind,
Other Threats: a) Extremely fragile nature of the buildings that were constructed using local materials such as timber for frames, corrugated iron sheets for roofs and some walls, and stucco and lightweight construction that functioned with regular maintenanceb) Lack of maintenance for 40 years c) Metal cladding corroded and some of the structural elements dismantled. A few buildings, such as the Leaching house, are liable to structural collapse if no support is givend) Very little conservation work carried out

Crop production,
Effects arising from use of transportation infrastructure,
Illegal activities,
Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals,
Mining,
Other Threats: Lack of systematic monitoring of the site

Illegal activities,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Land conversion,
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure,
Other Threats: Decline in the overwintering population of Monarch butterflies in the property

Fire (widlfires),
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Land conversion,
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure,
Other Threats: Reported decline in the overwintering population of Monarch butterfly

Fire (widlfires),
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Impacts of tourism / visitor / recreation,
Land conversion,
Major visitor accommodation and associated infrastructure,

Crop production,
Human resources,
Identity, social cohesion, changes in local population and community,
Illegal activities,
Legal framework,
Livestock farming / grazing of domesticated animals,
Management systems/ management plan,
Other Threats: Lack of infrastructure and services for small producers and potential tourism initiatives hinder sustainable economic development and are underlying causes for poverty, leading to over-exploitation of natural resources

* :
The threats indicated are listed in alphabetical order; their order does not constitute a classification according to the importance of their impact on the property.
Furthermore, they are presented irrespective of the type of threat faced by the property, i.e. with specific and proven imminent danger (“ascertained danger”) or with threats which could have deleterious effects on the property’s Outstanding Universal Value (“potential danger”).