I have a few hundred images, some of them are just too dark, some others are fine but a level adjustment would be beneficial I think. Is there any program that can automatically adjust level, calculating good settings for each image (for example setting black and white to the first level which is not null, or maybe something more sophisticated).

Both Google's Picasa and Adobe Lightroom have an 'auto' option. In Lightroom, at least, you can apply it in bulk. For some photos it works very well, for others it's just awful. Automatic good settings for every picture is not feasible, IMO, but it can save editing time for the pictures where it works.
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j-g-faustusJul 1 '13 at 20:50

2 Answers
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If all pictures that are to dark are to dark "in the same way" and you've photographed them in raw then you can just create an .xmp file (a little metadata file containing "development settings") and apply it to all photos using any program that can handle raw.

If your photos are in some other you could try IrfanView's batch mode. It has some auto adjust buttons but it also has loads of settings if your images are all "wrong" in the same way.

If you feel familiar with a command line interface and programming then ImageMagick is wonderful for batch image processing.

I know this doesn't really answer you question but bottom line is that there probably isn't any software out there that will do a good job on EVERY picture. So I think your best bet is to group images into sets that require more or less the same processing and then run a batch on each group.

another program with batch ability is : xnview (not great on raw files, but good on jpegs). I usually do : resize (1200x1200 meaning it will make the photos fit within those boundaries without changing it's ratio), normalize, auto level, auto contrast. But you can also lighten/darken, etc.
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Olivier DulacJul 3 '13 at 17:30