Over the past decade, there has been substantial interest in oxidative stress and its potential role in the development of disease-related pathophysiological complications in diabetes (1)(2), atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease (3)(4), cancer (5), aging (6), and other conditions. “Oxidative stress” refers to an imbalance between antioxidant and oxidant-generating systems. An increase in oxidative stress can have a profound effect on lipoprotein modification, transcription, and cell function and metabolism. Oxidative stress can arise via various mechanisms associated with excessive oxygen radical production, such as autooxidation of glucose and glycated proteins, and glycation of antioxidant enzymes. Even in healthy subjects, hyperglycemia, increased free fatty acids, and hyperinsulinemia can trigger oxidative stress (7). In diabetes, increased blood concentrations of markers of oxidative stress, especially in patients with poor glycemic control (8)(9), have been implicated in the development of vascular complications. The finding of increased oxidative stress in newly diagnosed children and diabetic patients with no complications (8) suggests that the increased oxidative stress in diabetes may not be attributable to the complications but could contribute to the development of complications. Other studies in patients with increased concentrations of plasma lipoproteins (10) have implicated increased oxidative stress with associated oxidation of lipoproteins (11)(12 …