Analysis

The clear majority of around 60% of the vote for Vladimir Putin, being predicted by exit polls almost the moment polls closed, probably came as no surprise to many Russians.

Those who favour him would say that it reinforced their view that his experience and strongman style always made him the most appropriate candidate for president, and the exit polls merely showed that most Russians agreed with them.

Those opposed to him would say it confirmed their suspicion that this Russian presidential election, like the parliamentary elections in December, was once again not a fair reflection of the country's preferences, but a precooked theatrical display, manipulated to produce the result the Kremlin always wanted.

It will take time to confirm whether or not the suspicions of violations hold water.

In the meantime, a pro-Putin election rally in front of the Kremlin, has already sent out a message that the contest is over and the third age of "Putinism", his return to the presidency for a third time, is now beyond dispute.

"I promised you we would win, and we won," he said, his eyes watering. "Glory to Russia!"

"We have won in an open and honest battle.

"We proved that no-one can force anything on us."

Slogans on the banner included "Putin - our president" and "We believe in Putin", but there were indications that some participants had been ordered to attend.

There is tight security in the city, with 6,000 extra police brought in from outside.

High turnout

The electoral commission showed preliminary results, with returns from more than half the polling districts, showing Mr Putin gaining over 64%, enough to give him a first-round victory over nearest rival Gennady Zyuganov, with about 17%.

The other three candidates were in single digits.

In a news conference after the polls closed, Mr Zyuganov described the elections as "unfair and unworthy".

But he said that with increasing public anger, Mr Putin "would not be able to rule like he used to".

"These elections cannot be considered legitimate in any way," said Vladimir Ryzhkov, one of the leaders of the street protest movement, which was not represented in the election.

Meanwhile Mr Putin's campaign chief Stanislav Govorukhin described the poll as "the cleanest in Russian history".

The turnout was 58.3% by 18:00 Moscow time (14:00 GMT), considerably higher than in 2008 elections. Electoral officials forecast a final turnout of 62.3%.

The election was held against a backdrop of popular discontent, sparked by allegations of widespread fraud during December's parliamentary elections in favour of Mr Putin's United Russia party.

Observer organisations said there had been thousands of violations including so-called carousel voting, with busloads of voters being driven around to different polling stations.

The alleged fraud came despite the presence of thousands of independent observers and web cameras at polling stations.

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