a muscular pumping device for distributing blood to all parts of the body

What is the contraction of the heart called?

systole

What is the relaxation of the heart called?

diastole

When the heart beats, the _____ contract first, forcing the blood into the _____. Once filled, the two _____ contract and force blood out of the heart.

- atria

- ventricles

- ventricles

During atria systole [contraction], cardiac muscle in the atrial wall contracts, forcing blood through the _____ _____ and into the ventricles.

atrioventricular valves

During ventricular systole [contraction], the _____ _____ close, and blood is forced out of the ventricles through the _____ _____ and into the arteries.

- atrioventricular valves

- semilunar valves

What are the two AV valves that separate the atrial chambers above from the ventricles below called? And where are they located?

- bicuspid [or mitral] valve

. located between the left atrium and ventricle

- tricuspid valve

. located between the right atrium and ventricle

What do the AV valves do?

prevent back-flow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract

What attaches the AV valves to the wall of the heart?

chordae tendineae

Where are the SL valves located?

between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart when contraction occurs

What are the two SL valves called? And where are they located?

- pulmonary semilunar valve

. located at the beginning of the pulmonary artery

- aortic semilunar valve

. located at the beginning of the aorta

What do the two SL valves do?

- the pulmonary semilunar valve allows blood going to the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle but prevents it from flowing back into the ventricle

- the aortic semilunar valve allows blood to flow out of the left ventricle up into the aorta but prevents back-flow into this ventricle

What are stenosed valves?

valves that are narrower than normal, slowing blood flow from a heart chamber

Where is the heart located?

in the pericardial sac

Where does the right side of the heart pump blood to?

it pumps the venous blood into the lungs

Oxygenated blood returns from the _____ into the _____ _____ and is propelled by the left ventricle into the _____.

- lungs

- left atrium

- aorta

Where do the coronary arteries originate from?

behind the cusps in the aorta

Blood is supplied to the heart by what?

two coronary arteries

Normally, the heart contracts rhythmically at a rate of __ to __ times per minute

- 60

- 80

In diastole, the heart chambers dilate, which allows filling of the _____ _____ of the heart with _____ _____ blood while the _____ _____ of the heart is filled with _____ _____ _____ blood.

- right side

- peripheral venous

- left side

- oxygenated pulmonary venous

During diastole, the ____ and _____ are dilated and the _____ _____ and _____ valves are closed to prevent regurgitation of blood. At the same time, the _____ and _____ valves are opened to allow inflow of blood into the dilated _____ from the _____.

- ventricles

- atria

- semilunar

- pulmonary

- aortic

- mitral

- tricuspid

- ventricles

- atria

All blood vessels are lined by what?

endothelial cells

The arteries are of two types. The larger arteries, including the aorta, are classified as _____, whereas the smaller arteries are called _____.

- elastic

- muscular

What prevents the back-flow of blood in veins?

valves hinder retrograde blood flow that could easily develop in this low pressure system