If you look carefully as you leave downtown Scottsville going north up the hill on Route 795,
known also as Hardware Street, you might notice an inconspicuous little cemetery on the right
about a hundred feet or so from the road. Almost lost among the trappings of modern residences
on the side of the hill, the nearly forgotten burial ground represents a significant part of
the community's history.

A central granite obelisk in the cemetery has inscriptions on three sides. 1: Erected by
the Scottsville Chapter U.D.C. 1914, 2: Our Confederate Dead Who Died in the Hospitals
of Scottsville 1861-1865, and 3: In Memory of Col. Henry Gantt, Maj. James C. Hill and
the Officers and Men of Southern Albemarle County Who Fought Under the Stars and Bars of the
Confederacy. The monument is surrounded by 40 unidentified headstones, each bearing the
inscription C.V. (Confederate Veteran).

Colonel Henry Gantt and Major James Christian Hill were prominent citizens in Scottsville's
history. Gantt, a native of Scottsville and a graduate of V.M.I., was the commander of the 19th
Virginia Infantry Regiment, the vast majority of which hailed from Albemarle and Charlottesville.
Hill, also a resident of Scottsville and later a legislator, was a Major in the 46th Virginia. But
there has always been an enigma concerning the names of the unknown soldiers represented by the
headstones.

Although the Scottsville Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy has faithfully
maintained the site since 1908, little was known about the history of the cemetery or the
hospitals, and none of the soldiers buried there had ever been identified. The persevering
ladies never gave up hope, however, and with their encouragement a diligent effort was made
to find some answers to these questions.

At the beginning of the Civil War, the Confederacy established a number of hospitals in Richmond
and other larger and more accessible urban areas such as Lynchburg and Charlottesville. But as
the war progressed and casualties mounted, the need for more hospitals escalated, and numerous
smaller medical facilities were dispersed throughout Virginia in more remote communities like
Scottsville, Palmyra, and Farmville. The selection of Scottsville as a site for a hospital was
influenced by the availability of the James River and Kanawha Canal for transportation of the sick
and wounded from Richmond, a plentiful water supply in what was considered a healthy environment,
and the fact that several buildings existed which could be converted into hospital use. So in June
of 1862, over a year after the beginning of the war, the General Hospital at Scottsville opened.

Previous descriptions of the Scottsville Confederate Hospital have all referred to the singular
Baptist Church building located on Harrison Street on the hill overlooking Valley Street. Note,
however, that the monument inscription refers to the plural Hospitals. In reality the
hospital consisted of three existing buildings in town that had been converted to hospital use,
as well as a fourth building which was erected just outside of town.

The main hospital facility is believed to have been housed in what is
known today as the Bruce's Drugstore building, but was identified during the Civil War as the
"Eagle Hotel." Then, as now, this was a three-story brick structure located at the corner of
Main and Valley Streets. The building had been constructed in 1832 as a "large brick tavern,"
and as a hospital later, it had a capacity for 130 patients. In 1884, the building changed
ownership and was renamed the "Carlton Hotel." The latter name persisted into the 20th century.

Another building which was utilized as a hospital was a 38' x 40' two-story, weatherboarded
frame structure, which had been a factory prior to 1862. This building, with a capacity for
70 men, was impressed from Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Moore, widow of Samuel Moore, for either $10 or
$20 per month. The structure was located on the east side of Moon Street near the intersection with
Jefferson Street, at the bottom of Moore's Hill, and adjacent to Mink Creek. The only trace of
Moon Street today is an open pathway running north up Moore's Hill. The factory/hospital site is
now occupied by several modern residences. In a commentary about the state of medical science
and sanitary conditions at the time, one of the virtues of both the hotel and factory hospitals
was said to be that both places were convenient to a running stream (Mink Creek) where the privies
were located.

The third building in town which served as a hospital was the Scottsville Baptist Church on
Harrison Street. In 1863 it was described as a 40' by 40' brick building which was converted
into one large ward with a second floor gallery. The building was impressed from the congregation
at a rent of either $12 or $35 per month. It had room for only 20 patients.

A fourth hospital structure was built by local citizens on a hill about a half mile from town.
It was a small frame house which accommodated 24 men and was used exclusively for smallpox
patients. The site of this building has not been found.

The Surgeon in charge of the Scottsville Hospital was Dr. James M. Jefferies, who was paid
the princely sum of $160 per month. Jefferies lived in the large brick house on Harrison
Street that was subsequently acquired by the Bruce family in 1919, and now owned by Jeffrey
D. Plank. Other doctors assigned to the hospital at various times included Powhatan Bledsoe,
James Fife Hughes, and Edward C. Mayo. Interestingly, all four physicians associated with the
hospital attended the University of Virginia.

Although the hospital was open from June 1862 through September 1863, records are available
for only 10 months of that period. Information for the other five months of operation are
missing. During those 10 months a total of 746 men were admitted and 2236 men were treated
in the hospital. Unfortunately for historians, the only names listed are the 41 men who
died during that time, and another four who were identified as being wounded, and were
subsequently discharged from the Army.

During the first summer of operation, July through September 1862 proved to be the period of
peak activity for the hospital. During that three-month interval, 773 men were treated in
Scottsville. In an amazing feat of endurance, Dr. Jefferies somehow managed to survive these
three months as the facility's only physician. Fortunately for Jefferies' health, other
doctors soon arrived to take some of the load off his shoulders. By that winter, the number
of monthly admissions to the hospital dropped off dramatically from a peak of 220 in
September to only 30 in January 1863. However, the hospital remained a busy place as the
number of men treated declined much more slowly from 344 in September 1862 to 121 a year later.

With the opening of the hospital, so inevitably came deaths. Within a month after admitting
the first patient, 12 men had died from a variety of causes. In all, a total of 41 men are
named in the 10 monthly records as having died in the Scottsville hospitals. The dead
men came from seven states of the Confederacy: Georgia 13, North Carolina and Virginia 7 each,
Alabama 6, South Carolina 5, Mississippi 2, and Texas 1.

The deaths naturally caused the community to search for an appropriate burial site. Mary
Elizabeth Moore, the owner of the factory building which was being used as a hospital, also
owned extensive nearby property. She apparently solved the burial site problem by contributing
a plot of ground for a cemetery a few hundred feet up the hill from the factory building. There,
at the north end of Moon Street, the dead soldiers were laid to rest in graves which were unmarked
and neglected for the next 45 years. Finally, in 1908 the local chapter of the United Confederate
Veterans called attention to the neglect of the graveyard, and attempted to solicit funds to restore
and mark the graves, and erect a suitable monument. About the same time, Miss Hannah Moore,
the daughter of Mary Elizabeth Moore, informally donated the property to the United Daughters of
the Confederacy. Dr. L.R. Stinson eventually acquired ownership of the cemetery and in 1929
legally conveyed "Moore's Hill Confederate Cemetery" to the Scottsville Chapter of the U.D.C.

The aging and dwindling Confederate Veterans were unable to raise funds to erect a monument or
to restore the cemetery, and so the entire project was turned over to the U.D.C. They put up an
iron fence in 1909, and dedicated the monument in 1914. There is no record of the origin of the
40 individual headstones, but in all likelihood they were also erected at the same time as the
monument.

In addition to the questions about the identity of men buried in the cemetery, there is also
controversy about the number. The discrepancy between the 40 headstones and the total of 41
deaths recorded in the hospitals can be accounted for by the fact that the body of a Georgia
soldier is known to have been sent home for burial. But what about possible deaths in the
five months for which records are missing? Surely men died during those months, and if so, then
where are they buried? Some older residents in the vicinity of the cemetery allege that
bones and/or skeletons were dug up at a site of a modern house within 25 feet of the south
side of the present cemetery. If true, might these have been the remains of the possible
"missing" soldiers?

Short of an archaeological excavation, we will probably never know the answers to these
questions. My best guess is that the people who restored the cemetery during the 1908-1914
time period had access to the same hospital records that we are using today. The evidence
strongly suggests that the headstones were intended to represent the graves of the 40 men
who died in the Scottsville hospitals during 10 months of 1862-1863 (but not 1861-1865 as
stated on the monument) and who are buried there. To view the soldier names on this
monument, visit

The isolated location, poor transportation, and inadequate facilities caused the Confederate
Medical Department to abandon the Scottsville Hospital at the end of September 1863. However,
the legacy of the hospital would forever remain in Moore's Hill Cemetery marked by the 40
unnamed headstones.

(For further details about the history of the hospital and cemetery, including the names of
all the dead, please see the 1999 issue, Volume 57 of the Magazine of Albemarle County
History.)