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Unsuccessful Work Attempts and Expedited Reinstatement Eligibility

Social Security Administration Documents & Publications

SUMMARY: These rules finalize the rules we proposed in our notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM), published on May 11, 2016. In these rules, we remove some of the requirements for evaluation of an unsuccessful work attempt (UWA) that lasts between 3 and 6 months, allow previously entitled beneficiaries to apply for expedited reinstatement (EXR) in the same month they stop performing substantial gainful activity (SGA), and provide that provisional benefits will begin the month after the request for EXR if the beneficiary stops performing SGA in the month of the EXR request. These changes will simplify our policies and make them easier for the public to understand.

EFFECTIVE DATE: These final rules will be effective November 16, 2016, except for the amendments to SUBSEC 404.1592c and 416.999a, which will be effective April 17, 2017.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On May 11, 2016, we published an NPRM in the Federal Register at 81 FR 29212 in which we proposed to revise our rules to simplify certain aspects of our UWA and EXR policies and make them easier for the public to understand. We are adopting the proposed rules as final rules.

The final rules at 20 CFR 404.1574(c), 404.1575(d), 416.974(c), and 416.975(d) remove the additional conditions that we used when we evaluated a work attempt in employment or self-employment that lasted between 3 and 6 months and use the current 3-month standard for all work attempts that are 6 months or less. Under these rules, ordinarily, work you have done will not show that you are able to do substantial gainful activity if, after you worked for a period of 6 months or less, your impairment forced you to stop working or to reduce the amount of work you do so that your earnings from such work fall below the substantial gainful activity earnings level. The new rules at 20 CFR 404.1592c and 416.999a allow a previously entitled individual to request EXR in the same month they stop performing SGA. These new rules apply to Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) claimants and beneficiaries. We expect these changes will result in simplified case processing and faster and better determinations and decisions.

You can find additional information and discussion regarding these changes in the preamble to our proposed rule.

Public Comments and Discussion

We received eight timely submitted comments that addressed issues within the scope of our proposed rules. Below, we present the views we received and address all of the relevant and significant issues raised by the commenters. We carefully considered their concerns, but did not make any changes to our rules because of the comments.

Of these eight comments, six were from disability advocacy organizations, all of whom supported our proposed rules. The organizations expressed that the proposed changes will have a positive impact on beneficiaries by supporting their attempts to work and helping them understand and use the rules. They asserted that this, in turn, would provide greater assurance to beneficiaries who want to attempt a return to work and would result in increased program participation.

Comment: One commenter asked if it would be easier for an individual to temporarily and voluntarily suspend benefits when trying to rejoin the work force instead of terminating his or her benefits and then requesting EXR following an UWA.

Response: Under the Social Security Act, we are required to terminate an individual's disability benefits if he or she no longer meets the eligibility requirements and are therefore prohibited from simply suspending benefits. /1/

FOOTNOTE 1 42 U.S.C. 416(i)(2)(D)(ii)(II). END FOOTNOTE

To be entitled to disability benefits, an individual must be unable to engage in any SGA by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death, or has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months. /2/ An individual may be determined not to be entitled to benefits if there is substantial evidence demonstrating that the individual is able to engage in SGA. /3/ Generally, a period of disability ends and benefits cease following a finding that the physical or mental impairment on the basis of which the benefits are provided has not been disabling for 36 months, as demonstrated by SGA. /4/

Because we are required to terminate benefits, we established EXR in order to facilitate benefit reinstatement to individuals whose benefits terminated as a result of SGA. Previously entitled individuals may request EXR within 60 months of their prior termination of benefits if their medical condition no longer permits them to perform SGA. To qualify for EXR, a previously entitled individual must be unable to perform SGA due to an impairment that is the same as, or related to, an impairment that was the basis for the previous entitlement. /5/

FOOTNOTE 5 20 CFR 404.1592c and 416.999a. END FOOTNOTE

Comment: One commenter indicated that the proposed rules were unclear, stating that "the rules for UWA, as proposed are in direct conflict with the definition of disability, which requires, in part, the inability to engage in SGA for 12 consecutive months." He went on to ask if our proposed rule changed the definition of disability or if it "merely appl[ies] after the initial 12 month period?"

Response: The new rules do not conflict with the definition of disability nor do they change our policy or definition of disability. By applying the current 3-month conditions to all work attempts that are 6 months or less, the new rules simply remove the additional documentation previously required of an individual with a work attempt lasting between 3 and 6 months.

To be eligible for disability benefits, an individual must be unable to engage in any SGA by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months. /6/ As we explained in our NPRM, disability evaluation is generally concerned with the ability to work over an extended period rather than in short, isolated periods.

Disability claimants and beneficiaries may attempt to return to work and engage in SGA following a break in the continuity of their work. For SGA determination purposes, we may disregard work in employment or self-employment if a claimant or beneficiary, after working for a period of 6 months or less, stops working or reduces the amount of work so that the earnings fall below the SGA level because of the original impairment or the removal of special conditions that were essential to the performance of his or her work, and if there was a significant break in the continuity of work before this work attempt. /7/

FOOTNOTE 7 20 CFR 404.1574(c) and 416.974(c). END FOOTNOTE

Regulatory Procedures

Executive Order 12866, as Supplemented by Executive Order 13563

We consulted with the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and determined that these rules do not meet the criteria for a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866, as supplemented by Executive Order 13563. Therefore, OMB has not reviewed them.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

We certify that these rules will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities because they affect individuals only. Therefore, a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required under the Regulatory Flexibility Act, as amended.

Paperwork Reduction Act

These rules do not create any new or affect any existing collections and, therefore, do not require Office of Management and Budget approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act.