Quettaparma Quenyanna

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED:
+= poetic or archaic word (e.g.
+él "star", elen
being the ordinary word) or a poetic or archaic
meaning of an ordinary word (e.g.
russë "corruscation, +swordblade"),
* = unattested form, ** = wrong form, # = word that is only attested
in a compound or in an inflected form (e.g.
#apa,
#Apanóna; see AFTER below), TLT =
Tolkien's lifetime (by some called "Real Time", as opposed to:) MET =
Middle-Earth Time (or rather Arda Time, since Quenya originated in
the Blessed Realm), LotR = The Lord of the
Rings
(HarperCollinsPublishers, one-volume
edition of 1991), Silm = The
Silmarillion
(HarperCollinsPublishers 1994), MC =
The Monsters and the Critics and other
Essays, MR = Morgoth's
Ring, LR = The Lost Road,
Etym = The Etymologies
(in LR:347-400), FS = Fíriel's
Song (in LR:72), RGEO = The Road Goes
Ever On (Second Edition), WJ = The War
of the Jewels, PM = The Peoples of
Middle-earth, Letters = The Letters of
J. R. R. Tolkien, LT1 = The Book of Lost
Tales 1,LT2 =
The Book of Lost Tales 2,Nam = Namárië
(in LotR:398), Arct = "Arctic" sentence
(in The Father Christmas
Letters), GL = Gnomish
Lexicon (in Parma
Eldalamberon #11 - references are selective), vb =
verb, adj = adjective, interj = interjection, pa.t. = past tense, fut
= future tense, perf = perfect tense, freq = frequentative form, inf
= infinitive, gen = genitive, pl = plural form, sg = singular form.
The spelling used in this wordlist is regularized
(c for k
except in a few names, x
for ks, long vowels marked with accents
rather than macrons or circumflexes; the diaeresis is used as in
LotR). When s in a word represents
earlier þ
(th as in "thing") and it should be
spelt with the letter súlë
instead of silmë in Tengwar writing
(though Tolkien himself sometimes ignored or forgot this), this is
indicated by (þ) immediately following the word in question
(e.g. sanda (þ),
sanya- (þ); see ABIDE, ABIDING
below).

<A>

A, AN (indefinite article) - no Quenya equivalent.
Elen "star" may thus also be translated "a star"
(LotR:94). The absence of the definite article i
"the" usually indicates that the noun is indefinite
(though there are exceptions - see THE).

AFTER #apa(only attested in
compounds like Apanónar, see below),
#ep- (used in compounds when the second part of the
compound begins with a vowel, only attested in epessë
"after-name" - see NICKNAME.) THE AFTER-BORN
Apanónar (sg
#Apanóna) (i.e., an Elvish name of Men,
according to WJ:387 "a word of lore, not used in daily speech")
-Silm:122/WJ:387, UT:266

*AMANIAN
(only translated "of Aman" by Tolkien)amanya. Cf. also
Úmanyar, Úamanyar, Alamanyar
"those not of Aman" (the Elves who started on the march from
Cuiviénen but did not reach Aman; contrast the
Avamanyar, another name of the Avari.)-WJ:411, 373, 370, MR:163

AMLOTH *Ambalotsë(Tolkien asterisked the word because it was not attested, only a
possible Quenya form of Amloth. See
"UPRISING-FLOWER".) -WJ:318

AMRAS Telufinwë
(meaning "Last Finwë", not the equivalent in sense to his
Sindarin name. The short form of his name was Telvo
*"Last One". His mother-name [q.v.] was
Ambarussa, but this name was not used in
narrative.) -PM:353

AMROD Pityafinwë (meaning
"Little Finwë", not the equivalent in sense to his Sindarin
name. The short form of his name was Pityo
*"Little One". His mother-name [q.v.] was
Ambarto, or Umbarto, but
these names were not used in narrative.) -PM:353

ASK
#maquet- (only pa.t. maquentë is
attested. The word is not translated, but undoubtedly means "asked":
'Mana i-coimas in-Eldaron?' maquentë Elendil[PM:403]. The question itself is translated "What is the
coimas of the Eldar?", so the rest must be "Elendil asked".
Furthermore, maquentë is transparently
quentë "said" with the interrogative
element ma [PM:357] prefixed.)

AUTHORITY Máhan (pl
Máhani is given, but seems perfectly
regular). Tolkien once stated that Valar should
strictly be translated "the Authorities" (MR:350), but
Vala obviously cannot be used to translate
"authority" in general; it was used only of the Valar themselves
(WJ:404). Cf. also adj. valya "having (divine)
authority or power". Máhani was adopted
from Valarin and originally probably referred to the Valar
themselves. We are not told whether Máhan
could or should be applied to a non-divine authority (at least it
should not be capitalized if so used). Note: Máhan
means *"Supreme One" rather than "authority" as an
abstract. -MR:350, BAL, WJ:399/402

AUTUMN
yávië (harvest - in the Calendar of Imladris,
yávië was a precisely defined period
of 54 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition),
lasselanta("leaf-fall", used of the beginning of
winter or as a synonym of quellë; see
FADING. Also spelt lasse-lanta with a
hyphen), narquelion ("fire-fading" - this word
fromFíriel's Song and Etym seems to correspond tonarquelië in LotR, but the latter is the name
of the month corresponding to our October.) LT1:273 has
yávan "autumn, harvest", but this word
may be obsoleted by yávië.
-LotR:1142, 1144, 1145/Silm:439/LT1:254, DAT, FS, NAR/KWAL,
Letters:382

AWAY oa, oar
(viewed from the point of view of the thing, person, or place
left). See also GO AWAY. -WJ:366 cf. 361

AWNING
teltassë -GL:70

AXE pelecco
-LT2:346

<B>

BABE lapsë -LAP

BACK - LT2:338
mentions a Gnomish word alm, said to mean "the
broad of the back from shoulder to shoulder, back, shoulders". It is
stated that the "Qenya" cognate of this Gnomish word occurs in the
name Aikaldamor - i.e., #aldamo
or #aldamor? But this is hardly a
valid word in mature Quenya.

BACK- (prefix)at-, ata- (re-, again-); THOSE WHO GO BACK Nandor
(Elves that left the March from Cuiviénen) -AT(AT),
WJ:384

BACKWARDS nan- (prefix?) -MBAS

BAD -
Gnomish fêg is so glossed in GL:34, and this is equated
with Q faica, glossed "contemptible, mean" under
SPAY.

BAKE masta- -MBAS

BALE OUT
calpa- (draw water, scoop out)-KALPA

BALL
coron -KOR

BALROG Valarauko (pl.
Valaraukar) (so in the Silmarillion - in Etym the Quenya
form of Sindarin balrog is malarauco,
while LT1:250 gives Malcaraucë)
-Silm:35/425/439, RUK

BAND nossë (army, troop)
-LT2:340

BANK (esp. of river)ráva -RAMBÁ

BARK - Tolkien
originally thought that parma "book" really
meant "skin, bark; parchment", with "book, writings" as the secondary
meaning. But in Etym parma is derived from a
stem meaning "compose, put together", obsoleting the old etymology.
-LT2:346, contrast PAR

BE The only
forms of the verb "to be" in the published corpus are
ná "is" , nar "are",
and nai "be it that" (mistranslated "maybe" in
LotR). The word ëa is variously translated
"is", "it is", "let it be". Fíriel's Song contains a word
ye "is", but ye may be
obsolete in mature Quenya. For "was", some writers have used
né, pl. ("were")
ner. Cf. also uin and
umin "I do not, am not" (1. pers. aorist), pa.t.
úmë. -Nam/RGEO:67, An Introduction
to Elvish:5, Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU

BEAUTIFUL vanya (Note: a homonym means
"disappear"),linda, calwa, vanima
(nominal pl vanimar "beautiful ones" and
partitive plural genitive vanimálion are
attested) (fair, proper, right). According to MR:49,
Maiar means "the Beautiful", but in Quenya this
is the name of an order of spirits and cannot be used as a general
adjective. BEAUTY vanessë -BAN, SLIN, LT1:254,
LotR:1017 cf. Letters:308, LT1:272, MR:49

BEGINNING
*yessë (Corrected from the actual reading
esse, derived from a stem that was marked with a
query by Tolkien because esse also = name.
Evidence from LotR indicates that he decided to change the stem in
question from ESE to *YESE,
thus eliminating this homophony: In LotR:1142 we find
yestarë, apparently meaning *"first-day" -
it is not translated, but it was the name of the first day of the
year and ré means "day". In Etym [stem
ESE]the word for "first"
was esta. So for esta
"first", esse "beginning" and
essea "?primary" [gloss illegible], we should
evidently read *yesta,
*yessë and
yessëa.) -ESE/ESET

BEGOTTEN -
see FIRST-BEGOTTEN.

BEHOLD cen- (see) (future
tense cenuva is attested) -MC:222

BEING ëala (spirit).Pl. ëalar
is attested. Eälar are spirits
whose natural state it is to exist without a physical body, e.g.
Balrogs. -MR:165

BEING ALIVE (noun) cuilë
-KUY

BELEGOST Túrosto (Mickleburg)
-WJ:389

BELERIAND Hecelmar, Heceldamar
(lit. *"home of the Eglath", q.v.) This is said to be the name
for Beleriand used "in the language of the loremasters of Aman". The
cognate of Sindarin "Beleriand" is
#Valariandë; only the form
Valarianden is attested (a genitive formation
from an earlier "Qenya" variant; in mature Quenya it would be a
dative). The latter may be the name used in Exilic Quenya. Beleriand
was also called Ingolondë "Land of the
Gnomes [Noldor]". -WJ:365, LR:202, ÑGOLOD

BELL
nyellë -NYEL

BELLIED #cumba
(isolated from sauricumba "foulbellied").
This adjective may point to *cumbo or something
similar as the likely word for "belly". -SD:68, 72

BIPED #attalya
(Only pl Attalyar is attested.The word was used of the Petty-dwarves, q.v.) -WJ:389

BIRD aiwë, filit (pl filici)(Note: both aiwë and filit
are stated to mean "small bird", not "bird" in
general), ambalë, ammalë (= yellow
bird), lindo (= "singer", singing bird). LT1:273 also
has wilin; this may or may not be a valid word
in mature Quenya.-AIWÊ, PHILIK, SMAL,
LIN

BLAZE urya- (The stem this word is
derived from was struck out in Etym. However, several words that must
be derived from the same stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien
restored it.) BLAZING HOT úrin
(Úrin also being a name of the
Sun)-UR, LT1:271

BOW (vb )cawin ("I bow", 1. pers. aorist); BOW (noun)
quinga, cú(also = crescent Moon),
lúva, cúnë (crescent); RAINBOW
helyanwë ("sky-bridge"), Ilweran, Ilweranta(LT2:348 has iluquinga "sky-bow", but this
word was obsoleted when Tolkien changed the meaning of ilu
from "sky" to "universe".) BOWLEGGED quingatelco
(So it is translated, but this must really be a noun:
"bow-leg" [quinga + telco]. No Quenya adjectives
end in -o, unless this is the only one. Read
*quingatelca for "bow-legged"? Cf. one of the
other words from the same source, sincahonda,
changed from sincahondo in an earlier draft -
but at that time Tolkien had already omitted quingatelco
and hence did not change its ending: See SD:72.) -LT1:257,
SD 68, 72, KWIG, KU3, LT1:256, LotR:1154, LT1:271

<C>

CALACIRIAN Calaciryan(prob.
*Calaciryand-), full formCalaciryandë(i.e., "the region of Eldamar...in
and near the entrance to the ravine [of Calacirya], where the Light
was brighter and the land more beautiful") -RGEO:70 cf.
LotR:252

CELEBORN
Telporno (Letters:425) or Teleporno (UT:266).
(The latter is stated to be the Telerin form, while
Telporno must be the form used in Noldorin
Quenya. Cf. Altáriel vs.
Alatáriel; see GALADRIEL.)

CELEGORM Turcafinwë, short form Turco
(not equivalent in sense to his Sindarin name, which is a
cognate of his mother-name [q.v.] Tyelcormo
"hasty-riser"; the latter name was "never used in
narrative".) -PM:352, 353

CELOS Celussë (see
UT:426)

CENTRE endë (core, middle),
tólë-NÉD, ÉNED, LT1:269

CENTURY haranyë (or perhaps it means the last day
of a century - Tolkien's wording is not clear. The latter
interpretation may be more likely.) -LotR:1142

CHAIN
Angainor (= "The Great Chain" with which Morgoth was twice
bound; LT1:249 has the form Angaino)-Silm:59

CHIEF (adj)
héra (principal); CHIEF (noun) #turco
(isolated from Turcomund "chief of bulls,
*chief bull"; this may not be pure Quenya, but Turco
appears as a the short name of
Turcafinwë, Celegorm's Quenya name - though
that is translated "strong, powerful (in body)" rather than referring
to more "political" power)-KHER, Letters:423, PM:352

CHILD
hína, also vocative hina with a
short vowel, used when addressing a (young) child. Pl.
híni rather than hínar; see CHILDREN OF
ILÚVATAR below. "Child" as the last element in compounds:
-hin (-hín-, pl.
-híni), e.g. CHILDREN OF ERU
Eruhínifrom sg. #Eruhin;CHILDREN
OF ILÚVATAR Híni Ilúvataro; MY CHILD
hinya (short for hínanya). (For
"child", Etym also has seldë; Tolkien
changed the meaning from "daughter".)-WJ:403,
Silm:387/432, SEL-D-

CLIFF
ollo (seaward precipice) (The alternative form
oldó may be archaic Quenya.) -LT1:252

CLOAK colla (vestment, actually a past participle
"borne, worn" used as a noun). GREY-CLOAK Sindacollo,
Singollo (so in Silm:421; MR:217 has
Sindicollo. Note that colla
has become #collo because
-o is a masculine ending.) (Thingol)
-MR:385

CLOTH lannë (tissue) -LAN

CLOUD fanya(white cloud; pl. fanyar
is attested),lumbo (pl lumbor
is attested. In LT1:259, it is stated that this word
applies to a "dark lowering cloud"),ungo(dark
shadow). (In ancient times the Elves probably also used the word
fana [in Etym fána]
for "cloud" or "veil", but in Quenya it came to denote the visible
bodies in which the Valar manifested themselves to incarnates. When
fana no longer meant "cloud", this meaning was
evidently transferred to the derivative fanya,
originally probably meaning "white" or "white thing".) UPPER AIRS
AND CLOUDS fanyarë (skies) -SPAN, MC:222, UÑG,
Nam, RGEO:67, SYAD, RGEO:74, MC:223

COME tulin ("I come", 1. pers. aorist); perfect
#utúlië and future #tuluva
are attested (the latter in entuluva
"shall come again". Tulin obsoletes
tulu- in LT1:270). COME AWAY
hótuli- ("so as to leave a place or group and join
another in the thought or place of the speaker") -TUL, LotR:1003,
Silm:229, WJ:368

COMMANDER cáno("usually as
the title of a lesser chief, especially one acting as the deputy of
one higher in rank", PM:345) (governor, chieftain, commander)
-PM:345

COMMANDMENT axan (law, rule) -WJ:399

COMMERSE mancalë -MBAKH

COMMUNICATION
centa (as in Ósanwë-centa,
Communication of Thought. In other contexts, centa
must be translated *"enquiry" or *"essay")
-MR:415

CRUEL nwalca (Though spelt this way
also in Etym, nwalca must be from older
*ngwalca, for the stem is
ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter
nwalmë (< older
ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the
initial nw of
nwalca.)-ÑGWAL

DAUGHTER yendë, yen, -iel
(suffix, e.g. Uinéniel "daughter
of Uinen" [UT:182]; this suffix may obsolete the earlier [TLT] ending
-wen, mentioned in LT1:271). The stem YEL, from
which -iel must be derived, was removed from
Etym. However, the UT example just mentioned is from a later text,
indicating that Tolkien restored -iel. Perhaps
yeldë was restored as the independent word
for "daughter" at the same time and is to be preferred to
yendë, yen.
Distinguish -riel in
Altáriel (Galadriel), which does not mean
"daughter" and becomes -riell- before an ending.
-YÔ, YEL, 182/469

DESCENDANT indyo (grandchild)
(Indyo looks like Vanyarin Quenya; the
combination ndy became ny
in Noldorin Quenya. The Noldor likely used the form
*inyo.) MALE DESCENDANT yondo (son)
(In LT2:344, it is said that yondo usually
meant "(great) grandson", but in mature Quenya it simply means
"son".) -ÑGYO(N)

DETERMINANT VOWEL sundóma
(lit. *"base-vowel, root-vowel". Christopher Tolkien notes:
"Very briefly indeed, the Quendian consonantal base or sundo
was characterized by a 'determinant vowel' or
sundóma: thus the sundo KAT has a medial
sundóma 'A', and TALAT has the sundóma
repeated. In derivative forms the sundóma might be
placed before the first consonant, e.g. ATALAT.") -WJ:319

DIALECT - Tolkien notes that the word lambë
was originally "nearer to our 'dialect' than to
'language', but later when the Eldar became aware of other tongues,
not intelligible without study, lambe naturally became applied
to the seperate languages of any people or region." Thus,
lambë can hardly be used for "dialect" in
Exilic Quenya. -WJ:394

DWARF Nauco(pl.
Naucor is attested; LT1:261 gives
nauca instead of
nauco), Norno(Naucalië, Nornalië
= the whole people of the Dwarves)Casar
(pl. Casari or
Casári; partitive plural
Casalli; the whole people of the Dwarves being
called Casallië. According to WJ,
Casar - Quenyaized form of Dwarvish
Khazâd - "was the word most commonly used
in Quenya for the Dwarves". Nauco "stunted one"
and norno "thrawn one" are less polite words for
"dwarf"; yet norno is stated to be "the more
friendly term". But the Dwarves themselves would definitely prefer
Casar.) PETTY-DWARVES Picinaucor,
Pitya-naucor (lit. *"small dwarves"), Attalyar
(lit. "Bipeds"). DWARROWVAULT Casarrondo
(Khazad-dûm) -NAUK, WJ:388, 389

EARTH
cemen, kemen (soil). (Note: at the time Tolkien
wrote Etym, he thought of cemen as the genitive
of cén, but later cemen
evidently became the nominative form, as it had been in
earlier writings [LT1:257]. In Silm:433, it is said that
cemen [kemen] refers to
"the Earth as a flat floor beneath menel, the
heavens". LT1:257 also has cemi "earth, soil,
land" and Kémi "Mother Earth".)
EARTH-QUEEN Kementári (Yavanna's title);
EARTHEN, OF EARTH cemina. (LT2:343 gives indi
"earthdwellers", another word for "men", but this is
hardly a valid word in mature Quenya.) EARTH (= world)Ambar (world) (Tolkien equated Ambar
with Oikoumene, a Greek word denoting "world" considered as
"the inhabited world of Men". But ambar also
seems to mean "doom", q.v. MR:337 (cf. WJ:419) has Imbar
instead of Ambar; the literal meaning
of both words is said to be "habitation") -KEM/Silm:433/LT1:257, MBAR
cf. Letters:283 or SD:409

EAST rómen(allative Rómenna and
ablative Rómello in Namárië
is capitalized), róna; EASTERN rómenya
(Entar, Entardar
"Outer Lands, Middle-earth" is also glossed as "East"
once, as opposed to the Blessed Realm of the West.) The words
órë "dawn, Sunrise, East" and its
corresponding adjective órëa
(LT1:264) are probably not valid words in mature Quenya;
see DAWN.Neither can Ostar "East" be a
valid word; see GATE. EAST-VICTOR Rómendacil
(one of the Kings of Gondor) EAST-LANDS Orrostar
(a region in Númenor) -RÔ/LotR:1157, UT:463, Nam,
EN, LotR:1075, 1081, UT:165, 459

EAT mat- -MAT

ECHO láma (ringing sound - so in Etym, but see
SOUND), nalláma(In Etym, the second a
of the latter word has an undefined diacritic here
represented by '.) ECHOING lámina-LAM

ELF quendë (generic, seldom used in
sg; pl Quendi is the usual form; there are
gender-spesific forms quendu m. and
quendi f., but they seem to be rare; pl.
quendur and quendir is
attested), Elda (originally generic, but later [MET]
used of Elves of the Three Kindreds [Noldor, Vanyar, Teleri] only.
That was at least the proper usage: Elda was the
normal word for "elf" in Valinor, as all Elves there were Eldar. An
archaic variant of Elda was
Eldo.) ELVES OF AMAN Amanyar (sg
#Amanya), ELVES WHO REFUSED TO JOIN IN THE
WESTWARD MARCH (from Cuiviénen) Avari (sg
Avar in WJ:371; Avar or
Avaro in Etym), also called
Avamanyar "those who did not go to Aman, because
they would not" (distinguish Úmanyar,
Úamanyar, Alamanyar
"those who did not in the event reach Aman", though they
did join in the march from Cuiviénen; these are also called
Heceldi or Ecelli, see
EGLATH). See also DARK ELVES, GREEN-ELVES, GREY-ELVES,
HIGH-ELVES, LIGHT-ELVES, SEA-ELVES, LITTLE ELF. Cf. alsoELVENHOME Eldamar, Elendë. ELF-PEOPLE
Eldalië, ELVISH Eldarinwa(adj only;
"Elvish" meaning Elvish language is simply
Eldarin. Properly, these words for "Elvish"
apply to the Tree Kindreds only, not to all the Quendi.)
Quenderin ("Elvish" referring to all the Quendi,
"Quendian"; this remained a learned word)-WJ:361/KWEN(ED),
MR:229 ELED, Silm:424, AB/WJ:371/Silm:65/MR:163, WJ:363, Silm:23/392,
MR:415, WJ:407

ELF-FRIEND Elendil(actually meaning
*"star-friend". Tolkien notes: "It is not surprising that the
Edain...found it difficult to discern whether words and names
containing the element el referred to the stars or to the
Elves. This is seen in the name Elendil, which was meant to
bear the sense "Elf-friend". Properly in Quenya it meant 'a lover or
student of the stars'... 'Elf-friend' would have been more correctly
represented by Quen(den)dil or Eldandil.") -WJ:410

ENQUIRY centa
(as in Essecenta Eldarin wa, probably
meaning *"Enquiry into Eldarin Names", as Tolkien described the work
as an "Enquiry into the origins of Elvish names for Elves". Another
possible translation of centa may be *"essay".
However, the only gloss Tolkien gives of centa
is "communication", q.v.) -MR:415

EXPIRE fírë-
(originally used of "one sighing or releasing a deep breath",
but also used of Míriel when she "breathed forth" and died;
later used of the death of mortals. Perf. fírië
is attested; *ifírië with
prefix sundóma is probably also a possible form.) -MR:250

EYE hen (hend-)
(normal pl. hendi as well as the dual form
#hendu are attested [isolated from
hendumaica, WJ:337]; #hendu
would be used of a natural pair of eyes). SHARP-EYE
hendumaica, EYES OF HEARTSEASE (a name of the pansy)
Helinyetillë -KHEN-D-E, WJ:337, LT1:262

<F>

FACE anta-ANA

FADE sinta-
(þ)(pa.t. sintanë is
given, though it seems perfectly regular), fir- (die),
fifíru- ("slowly fade away", frequentative
form of fir-; the participal form
fifírula is attested); FADING
quellë (In the Calendar of Imladris,
quellë was a precisely defined period of 54
days in late autumn. Also called lasselanta; see
AUTUMN.) -THIN, MC:222/223, LotR:1141

FALL (vb) lanta- (pres.
pl. lantar, pl. past lantaner
and part. #lantala are attested);
FALL (noun) lanta or #lantë. (The
first of these words occurs in the compound lasselanta
"leaf-fall, Autumn", while #lantë
is isolated from Noldolantë "the
Fall of the Noldor". From these examples it appears that a
lanta is a physical fall, while a
lantë is a moral fall. Perhaps the latter
word can also be applied to a military defeat, as in "the fall of
Gondolin".) THE FALLEN (= Númenor) Atalantë
-DAT/DANT/MC:222, Nam, SD:246, LT1:254, Silm:102/414,
TALÁT

FARMER nandor (perhaps obsolete in mature Quenya,
clashing with the name of the Nandor.)
-LT1:261

FASTEN tacë (3. pers. sg.
aorist), pa.t.tancë. -TAK

FAT tiuca
(thick); GROW FAT tiuya- (swell) -TIW

FATE
umbar (umbart-) (doom; the form amarto
in LT2:348 is no doubt obsolete, but ambar
from the same source may be a valid word also in mature
Quenya - see DOOM), marto (fortune, lot); manar,
mandë (doom, final end, fortune[usually =
final bliss]); FATED marta -MBARAT/LotR:1157,
MANAD

FATHER atar (pl.
atáriin Silm, though Etym has
atari). FATHER OF ALL Ilúvatar
(God) -Silm:428, 229/ATA/LT1:255, Silm:404/UT:446

FATHOM rangwë -RAK

FAWN marya
(fallow, pale) -MAD

FAY OF THE COUNTRY nandin
(dryad), FAY OF THE MEADS Nermi (pl. Nermir
is attested) (field-spirit) -LT1:261, 262

FIERY uruitë, úruva
(The stem from which these words are derived was struck out in
Etym. However, several words that must be derived from this stem
occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it. LT1:248 also
gives sára "fiery", but this word is
probably obsoleted by sára "bitter" in
Etym.) -UR

FIND
#hir-(only fut hiruva is
attested), #tuv-(only perf
#utúvië is attested [with pronominal
endings: utúvienyes "I have found it"]).
It is difficult to say what distintion in meaning there may be
between these words (if any at all); the verb
#tuv- is evidently the same as
tuvu- in GL:71, there glossed "receive".
-Nam/RGEO:67, LotR:1008

FINISH
(vb)tele- (intransitive) (end) (so in WJ:411
- LT1:267 gives telu-)telya-
(transitive) (wind up, conclude). Cf. also
telma "conclusion, anything used to finish off a
work or affair", "often applied to the last item in a structure, such
as a coping-stone, or a topmost pinnacle." FINISH (noun)
telu -WJ:411, LT1:267

FINROD
Findaráto -Silm:428/PM:346

FIRE
úr (the stem from which this word is derived was
struck out in Etym. However, several words that must be derived from
this stem occur in LotR, indicating that Tolkien restored it. But a
more usual word for "fire" is apparently
nár,
nárë, which appear [with the
masculine ending -o] in the following names:)
SPIRIT OF FIRE Fëanáro (Fëanor), FELL
FIREAicanáro (Sharp Flame, Aegnor) (so in
Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanár). LT1:265
has sá "fire", poetic form
sai, also sairin "fiery";
cf. also Sáya "the fire-fay" in GL:66.
LT:271 has the following "fire"-words: FIRE uru, FIERY
uruvoitë, ON FIRE urwa, LIKE FIRE
urúva. Cf. also FIREWOOD turu (but the
word was also used of wood in general). BOWL OF FIREtanyasalpë (evindently #tanya "fire" +
#salpë "bowl")-UR, Silm:397, MR:217, LT1:265,
270, 271, 292

FIRST minya (cf. Minyar "Firsts", the first
clan among the Elves), inga, *yesta; FIRSTBORN (=
the Elves) Minnónar. (*Yesta
is corrected from the actual reading
esta; see BEGINNING. For FIRSTBORN, Etym has
Estanessi, which would similarly become
*Yestanessi, but this word is propably obsoleted
by the later [TLT] form Minnónar. Writers
should use the latter word.) FIRST-BEGOTTEN Minyon
(a personal name. The element yon,
translated "begotten", may be a reduced form of yondo
"son". Alternatively, and perhaps more likely,
Minyon may be the adjective minya
"first" turned into a masculine name by adding the
masculine ending -on. In that case, the literal
meaning is simply *"First One". But it is possible that on
is actually derived from the stem ONO
"beget", and that "First-begotten" really is the literal
meaning.) -MIN/Silm:434/WJ:420, ING, ESE, WJ:403

FLOWER (large and single)
lótë(often -lot in
compounds).(The word lótë is
usually applied to a large, single flower. From
*ambalotsë "uprising-flower" [q.v.]
#lotsë can be isolated; this may be the
more general word for "flower".)FLOWER OF THE WEST (a
floral design)Númellóte.Cf. also
indil, "lily, or other large single flower".
PUT FORTH LEAVES OR FLOWERS *lohta- (corrected from
the actual reading lokta because Tolkien later
decided that kt became ht
in Quenya) (sprout) -LOT(H), LT1:259, WJ:318,
UT:227, 458, WJ:399, LT:258

FOR
an(Nam: an
sí...Varda...máryat...ortanë, "for
now...Varda...has uplifted her hands". Note: an
is also glossed "to, till".) English "for" meaning "for
the benefit of" will often be rendered by the dative ending
-n (pl -in); e.g.
nin "for me". -Nam

FORESIGHT *apacen (lit. *"after-sight",
a vision of something that will come after the present. In MR:216,
apacenyë is translated "foresight"; yet the
context and the form of the word itself clearly indicates that it is
actually the pl. form of an adjective #apacenya
"of foresight". The noun "foresight" is almost certainly
*apacen; cf. tercen
"insight".) -MR:216

FOUNTAIN ehtelë (issue of water,
spring).The actual readng in LT1 and LT2 is
ektelë, but Tolkien later decided that
kt became ht in Quenya. The
new form of the word is attested in Silm. LT also gives the form
kektelë, that would likewise become
*cehtelë.) -LT1:257, LT2:338

FOUR
canta, (prefix:) can- -KANÁT

FOX rusco -PM:353

FREE mirima(of a
person, as opposed to the following:)latin,
latina(open, cleared [of land]). (A word
fairë"free" is mentioned in LT1:250, but
may be obsolete: several other meanings are attributed to this word
in later writings [see DEATH, PHANTOM, RADIANCE]. However,
fairië "freedom" does not clash with later
words.) FREE FROM EVIL aman (see BLESSED) -LAT, MIS,
WJ:399

FREEZE niquë- ("it is cold, it freezes").
LT1:254 gives hilcin "it freezes", but in
mature Quenya this will have to mean, if anything, "I freeze" (1.
pers. aorist). -WJ:417, LT1:254

<G>

GALADRIEL Altáriel(Altariell-; gen. Altariellois attested. Altáriel is the form
used in Noldorin Quenya, Galadriel's own mother-tongue; the Telerin
form is Alatáriel [UT:266]. According to
PM:347 [that gives Altariel with no long
á] the true Quenya equivalent of the
Telerin form would have been Ñaltariel,
but this form was apparently not used.) -Silm:433, RGEO:66

GAME tyalië (sport, play) -TYAL/LT1:260

GANDALF Olórin (his name in Valinor, derived
from a stem meaning "dream" - not an actual translation of "Gandalf",
meaning "Elf of the Wand", a name he was given by people who did not
know that he was actually a Maia.) -LotR:391, UT:396 cf. 391

GLITTER
mirilya-; GLITTERING rilya (brilliance);
GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; GLITTERING REFLECTION nalta
(radiance - alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form.
In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng.
Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial
n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo, not
númen.)-MBIRIL, RIL,
PM:347

GOD Eru ("The One, He
that is Alone", a proper name that can hardly be used as a common
noun meaning "god" in general. Eru obsoletes
Enu in LT2:343),Ilúvatar "Father of All", Ainatar
*"Holy-Father" (titles of God),PAGAN GOD
ainu, PAGAN GODDESSaini(angelic spirit,
holy one). (As Christopher Tolkien notes, the Ainur are of course
not "pagan" to the people of Middle-earth. In Etym and Silm,
Ainu/Aini is capitalized.) -Silm:15/396/431,
LT1:248 cf. AYAN and Silm:426

GOLD (the metal)
malta (so in LotR - Etym has malda
[stem SMAL], but cf. smalta mentioned
underLAWAR);GOLD laurë(= "not the metal but the colour, what we should call
golden light", Letters:308, "of light and colour, not of the metal",
Silm:433, "not a metallic word. It was applied to those things which
we often call 'golden' though they do not much resemble metallic
gold: golden light, especially sunlight", RGEO:70, "a word for golden
light or colour, never used for the metal", PM:353, "light of the
golden Tree Laurelin", LR:368; a "mystic name" of gold,
LT1:255 [no doubt an obsolete notion]; in LT1:258 and LT2:341 the
gloss is simply "gold".) RED GOLD +cullo(obsoleting
culu in LT2:341? In LT1:255 culu
is said to be a poetic word for "gold", but also used
mythically as a name of all red and yellow metals), GOLDEN
laurëa (pl laurië is
attested; LT1:258 has laurina), GOLDEN-RED
culda, culina (flame-coloured); (cf. Silm. Appendix:
"cul- 'golden-red' in
Culúrien") -LotR:1157/SMAL,
Letters:308/RGEO:70/LAWAR, KUL, RGEO:70/Nam, Silm:429

GORGE cilya (pass between hills, cleft) (so
in Etym, but cf. #cirya in the name
Calacirya "Pass of Light" [gen.
Calaciryo in Namárië] - though this
clashes with cirya "ship". An early version of
Namárië actually had
Calacilyo,not
Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish
p. 5) -KIL

GRANDCHILD indyo (descendant)
(Indyo looks like Vanyarin Quenya; the
combination ndy became ny
in Noldorin Quenya [see MIDDLE]. The Noldor likely used
the form *inyo.) -ÑGYO(N)

GRANT
lav- (yield, allow) -DAB

GRASP mapa- (seize)
This word was struck out in one of Tolkien's earlier word-lists,
but in Etym it was restored. -MAP, LT2:339

GRASS
salquë, (stiff and dry:) sara (þ)(bent) -SALAK, STAR

GREAT velicë
(possibly obsolete in mature Quenya: In LT1:254
velicë is said to correspond to Gnomish
beleg, but according to LR:352 the stem from
which beleg is derived is "not found in
Q[uenya]"). GREAT (in size) alta (large) (The
form alat- is used in compounds when the next
word has an initial vowel, as in Alatairë.
Tolkien's gloss of alta, alat-
was actually illegible, and I give the root meaning of the
stem ÁLAT. The meaning of the Quenya word cannot differ too
widely from it, for Alatairëis said to
correspond to "Noldorin" Belegoer [mature
Sindarin Belegaer], The Great Sea.) -LT1:254,
ÁLAT cf. BEL, cf. Silm:428

GREAT BEAR see
SICKLE OF THE VALAR.

GREAT LONGING mavoinë
-LT2:345

GREAT NUMBER - in a very great number:úvëa (abundance) -UB

GREAT QUANTITY
úvë (abundance) -UB

GREAT WOOD
taurë (forest) -TAWAR

GREED milmë;
GREEDY milca -MIL-IK

GREEN laiqu a(so in
Etym - Letters:282 has laica, meaning something
wholly different ["keen, piercing"] in LT2:337), ezel,
ezella(adopted from Valarin; only used in Vanyarin
Quenya), GREEN-ELVES Laiquendi (probably a haplology of
*Laiquaquendi, this word was not much used
according to WJ), wenya (yellow-green, fresh); GREENNESS
wén, laiquassë (freshness, youth)
-LÁYAK/LT1:267, WJ:399, GWEN, WJ:385, LT1:267

HAIR loxë; TANGLED
HAIR fassë; LOCK OF HAIR findë (defined as
"a tress or plait of hair" in PM:345; LT2:341 has
findl, an impossible form in mature Quenya),
HEAD OF HAIR, A PERSON'S HAIR AS A WHOLE findessë
-LOKH, PHAS, SPIN, PM:345

HALVE perya- (devide in
middle) (After perya, a word perina
is mentioned - it is undefined but must be the
corresponding past participle, *"halved, divided in middle".)
-PER

HAMMER (vb)namba-; HAMMER
(noun) namba -NDAM

HAMS hacca
(buttocks) -GL:47

HAND má (pl.
allative mannar "into...hands" is attested; the
long á evidently becomes short
a before a consonant cluster),
quárë (the latter is properly "fist", but was
often used for "hand" - see FIST); HOLLOW OF HAND
cambë; HAVING HANDS mavoitë; HANDY, HANDED
maitë (skilled) (pl. maisi. When
maitë is the final element of names, it is
translated "handed" instead of "handy", e.g. Angamaitë
"Iron-handed", morimaitë
"blackhanded")-MA3/LT2:339, FS, KWAR/Silm:429,
KAB, LotR:1085 cf. Letters:425, LotR:1015/SD:68, 72, UT:460

HARP (vb) nanda-; HARP (noun)
nandë; LITTLE HARP nandellë; HARPING
(noun, not adjectival participle) nandelë; HARPER
nandaro, HARP-PLAYER tyalangan. (In Etym, all but
the last of these words are spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng.
Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial
n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo, not númen.)
HARP-PLAYING salmë. -NGAN, TYAL; cf. LotR:1157,
LT1:265

HARSH naraca (rending, violent)
-NÁRAK

HARVEST yávië (autumn) -
evidently obsoleting yávan in
LT1:273.In the Calendar of Imladris,
yávië was a precisely defined period
of 52 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition.
Note: yávië probably refers to
harvest time only, not "harvest" in the sense "harvested
products", though it is derived from a stem meaning "fruit".
-LotR:1142, 1145

?HAWK fion (pl
fioni, fiondi) (Tolkien's gloss was "not
certainly legible; the likeliest interpretation would be 'haste', but
'hawk' is a possibility." The translation "haste" is out of the
question, as this word would have no plural form. Besides, a quite
different word for "haste" [ormë] is
known.) -PHI

HE pronominal ending -ro +
lengthening of the previous vowel, e.g.
antaváro he will give (so in LR:63, probably
*antuváro in mature Quenya). There is
also the ending -s, that covers the entire 3.
person sg: "he, she, it". It is uncertain what the independent word
for "he, even he" might be. LR:63 has e, a word
that appears in Sindarin as well (SD:129). Does it also cover "she,
it"? Cf. HIM, HIS.

HEAT úrë (The stem from
which this word must be derived was struck out in Etym, but the word
occurs in LotR itself, indicating that Tolkien restored the stem in
question.) SMOULDERING HEAT, RED [?HEAT] (Tolkies handwriting
was illegible) yulmë (Note: a homonym means
"drinking, carousal") -LotR:1157 cf. UR; YUL

HEIR aryon (also
haryon is glossed as "heir", but this gloss is
paranthetic and "prince" is given as the primary meaning.
Hildinyar is translated "my heirs" in Aragorn's
oath; it appears that this is actually a form of hildo
"follower".)-GAR (see 3AR), LotR:1003, 1004

HELL Angamando ("Iron-prison", Morgoth's
dungeon-fortress in the First Age. This is the form given in MR; Etym
has Angamanda, LT1:249/252 has
Angamandu/Angamandi or
Eremandu "Hells of Iron". In LT1:259,
Mandos is glossed "hell", but Mandos was simply
the halls of the dead and not a place of torture. GL:51 also has
fatanyu.) -MR:350, MBAD

HELMET cassa
-KAS

HEM ríma (edge, border), HEM OF
ROBE lappa-RÎ, GL:52

HER 1.
(object form of she)- the ending
-s (also covering "it, *him".
Utúvienyes [LotR:1008] is translated "I
have found it", but it could probably mean "I have found her/him" as
well.) Case endings may be attached to se, e.g.
dative *sen "for her". 2. HER
(genitive, = of her)-rya (possessive suffix,
e.g. aratarya "her sublimity" [WJ:369],
máryat "her hands" [Nam].) This ending
covers the entire 3. pers sg and also means "his" and *"its".)
-WJ:369

HIM - probably the ending
-s (also covering "it, *her".
Utúvienyes [LotR:1008] is translated "I
have found it", but it could probably mean "I have found him/her" as
well.) Case endings may be attached to so, e.g.
dative *son "for him"

HOME már (also used of the
"home" or native land of peoples). Short form mar
as the final element of compounds: Eldamar
"Elvenhome"; the vowel is also short in
Mar-nu-falmar, "the Land [lit. Home] under the
Waves". -Silm:408, 428

HOPE (noun) estel
-WJ:318 (where it is stated that this word was used in Quenya
as well as in Sindarin. Here the word is defined as "'hope', sc. a
temper of mind, steady, fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade
and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose". In MR:320,
estel is translated "trust".)

HORDE
horma (host) -LT2:341

HORN rassë("especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains". Cf.
Rasmund "horned bull" in Letters:423 [this may
not be pure Quenya] and Arfanyaras,
Arfanyarassë "high white-shining peak
[*horn]", alternative name of Taniquetil), romba (so in
Etym and one place in WJ [p. 400: romba = "horn,
trumpet"] but on p. 368 rómais used for
"horn", though this is glossed "trumpet-sound" in Etym), HORN OF
ULMO hyalma (shell, conch), tildë (point),
(horn of animal:) tarca (probably obsoleting
taru in LT2); HORNED tarucca
(perhaps obsoleted together with
taru), THE HORNED Tilion (a name
of the Moon)-RAS, WJ:403/416, ROM/WJ:401 contrast 368, SYAL,
TIL, TARÁK, LT2:337,347, Silm:438

HUNT (noun), HUNTING
raimë (No verb "to hunt" is given in Etym, but
roita-"pursue" is derived from the same stem
and can probably be translated *"hunt" as well. LT1:260 has
rauta- "hunt".) -ROY1

HUSBAND verno; HUSBAND AND WIFE veru (married pair)
-BES

HUSH quildë (rest, quiet) -GL:23

<I>

I (1. pers. sg) inyë (independent
pronoun, used for emphasis: *"even I"), -nor-nyë (endings used on verbs, e.g.
ávan, ványë
"I
[-n/-nyë] will not",
maruvan "I [-n] will
abide"). The long form -nye must be used
if another pronominal ending is to be added after it:
utúvienyes, "I
[-nye-] have found it
[-s]". In the "Arctic" sentence, ni
is translated "I"; this may be a shorter (non-emphatic?)
form of inyë. The dative pronoun
nin "for me" is transparently ni
+ the dative ending -n; other case
endings may also be added to ni. -LR:61, WJ:371,
LotR:1008/1003, Arct

ICE helcë;ICE-COLD helca (so in LT1:254 and Silm; Etym has
helc, evidently a misprint - it would be the
only Quenya word ending in -lc in the entire
corpus.) -LT1:254/Silm:433/KHEL

IRELAND
Íverind- (As indicated by the hyphen, some ending is
needed - a Quenya word cannot end in nd. The
normal nominative form must be *Íverin,
becoming Íverind(e)- before an ending,
e.g. genitive *Íverindo, locative
*Íverindessë [cf.
Lórien, locative
Lóriendessë]. The name is also given
as Íwerin or
Iverindor, "an island off the west coast of Tol
Eressëa" - Eressëa later becoming England in this early
version of Tolkien's mythology.) -LT2:344, cf 285

ISLAND, ISLE lóna, tol (pl
tollë according to Etym, tolli
in LT1:85. According to Silm:438, tol
is used of islands "rising with sheer sides from the sea
or from a river". LT1:269 defines a tol as "any
rise standing alone in water, plain of green, etc.") THE LONELY
ISLE Tol Eressëa (tol "isle"
often being omitted) -LONO, TOL, RGEO:70

ISOLATED ROUND HILL
tolmen (boss of shield) -LT1:269

ISOLATED TOWER
mindo -MINI

ISOLATED TREE ornë
-ÓR-NI- (see ORO)

ISSUE uswë
(escape) -LT1:251

ISSUE OF WATER ehtelë
(fountain, spring) -KEL

ISTHMUS yanwë
(bridge, joining) -YAT

IT ta (that), -s
(pronom inal ending, e.g.
utúvienyes, "I have found
[utúvienye-] it [-s]") It
is uncertain what the independent word "it, even it" might be; see
HE. *ITS -rya (possessive suffix, only attested with
the meanings "his" and "her" [q.v.], but related forms suggest that
this ending covers the entire 3. pers. sg.) -TA, LotR:1008,
WJ:369

<J>

JACKET vacco (cloak) -GL:21

JAIL see GAOL

JANUARY Narvinyë (In LT1:252, the word for
January is avestalis, and the latter part of the
month is called Erintion, but these words are
hardly valid in mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144

JAW anca
(translated "jaws" in the appendices to LotR and Silm, but
anca is sg and is glossed "jaw" in Etym. GL:37
has cá [spelt "kâ"])-LotR:1157, Silm:427, ÁNAK

JUDGE
Námo (Ordainer - the name of a Vala. In
MR:150, though, Námo is glossed JUDGEMENT
[of what is]).Note: a homonym námo
means "person". -Silm:411

JUICE
sáva, pirya (syrup) -SAB, PIS

JULY
Cermië -LotR:1144

JUNE Nárië
-LotR:1144

JUPITER Alcarinquë (Basic
Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55. According to LT1:260, Morwen
(there translated "daughter of the dark") is a name of
Jupiter, but this may not be a valid word in mature Quenya. LT1:265
also mentions Silindo as a name of this
planet.

KNOW
ista (pa.t. sintë); KNOW ABOUT hanya-
(understand, be skilled in dealing with), KNOWLEDGE handë
(understanding),ista, istya, issë
(lore), nólë (long study, lore, wisdom).
(In Etym this word is spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng.
Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also
in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial
n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo, not
númen.) HAVING KNOWLEDGE istima
(wise, learned) -IS/LT2:339; KHAN, ÑGOL, Silm:432

K

-SERIES calmatéma -LotR:1154

<L>

LABIALS parmatéma (p-series); LABIALIZED
SERIES quessetéma -LotR:1154

LABERNUM
Lindeloktë (singing cluster). (So in LT1:258, but
Tolkien later decided that kt became
ht in Quenya. Read
*Lindelohtë?) -LT1:258

LAND nórë (dwelling-place, race, country,
region where certain people live, nation, native land, family),
nór (meaning '"'land' as opposed to water or
sea", WJ:413). In compounds #-ndor(when
the first part of the compound end in a vowel, e.g.
Valandor "Vala-land", alternative form of
Valinor), or -nor, -dor(the latter can only occur when the first part of the compound
ends in -l, -r, or
-n; in other combinations d
cannot occur in Noldorin Quenya).Cf. alsolóna (remote land difficult to reach, island. Note:
a homonym means "dark"); WESTLAND Númenor,
Númenórë (Westernesse);LAND OF GIFT
(a name of Númenor)Andor (<
*Annandor, see GIFT), LAND OF THE WEST
Númendor -NDOR/NÔ/Silm:430/ WJ:413, LONO,
Silm:414, 313, 430

LANGUAGE quetil (tongue),
lambë (tongue. The latter was "the usual word, in
non-technical use, for 'language'." (WJ:394) Only the Loremasters
used the technical term tengwesta "system or
code of signs" instead; this word is also glossed "grammar".)LANGUAGE (as an abstract, the ability to speak or the "art" of
making speech) tengwestië. LANGUAGE OF THE VALAR
Lambë Valarinwa(lit. *"Valarin language"),LANGUAGE OF THE ELDAR Eldarissa (the latter may not be
a valid word in mature Quenya) -KWET, WJ:394, 397, LT2:339

LARCH finë -SPIN

LARGE alta,
alat- (great in size) (Tolkien's definition of this word
was actually illegible, but see GREAT), úvëa
(very large, abundant, in a very great number), úra-ÁLAT, UB, UR

LEAGUE lár
(basic meaning "pause" - in marches a brief halt was made for
each league). A lár was defined as five
thousand rangar; see YARD. A ranga
was approximately 38 inches, so a lár
was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches [ca. 4826 m],
supposing the equivalence to be exact" - close enough to our league
of 5280 yards to justify this translation. -UT:285

LEANING
talta (sloping, tilted) -TALÁT

LEAP
halta-; LEAPING haloitë (pl. haloisi
is attested) -LT1:254

LEARNED istima (wise,
having knowledge), nóla (wise). (In Etym,
the latter word is spelt with initial ñ,
that is, ng. Initial ng had
become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the
system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Cf. also the spelling
of the related word nólë in
Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial
n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo, not númen.)
LEARNED MAN istyar (scholar) -IS, ÑGOL

LEAVE (vb)auta- (go away, pass), pa.t.
oantë, oantië (in the physical sense
"went away [to another place]") or vánë
("the most frequently used past [tense]" - less "physical"
than oantë, meaning "disappeared" rather
than "went away"), perf. avánië (pl
avánier is attested); perf.
vánië with no augment may occur in
verse. For "leave", Etym also has lesta, pa.t.
lendë; this is also the past tense of "go".
The stem from which lesta- is derived was
"replaced" by another. Lesta has a wholly
different meaning in later writings; see GIRDLE, MEASURE. LEAVE
OUT hehta- (pa.t. hehtanë is
given but seems perfectly regular) (put aside, exclude, abandon,
forsake) -WJ:366, ELED

LEAVE (noun) - with leave
of: lenémë (+ genitive)

LEFT
hyarya; LEFT-HANDED hyarmaitë

LEG telco
(pl. telqui) (stem)
-TELÉK

LEGENDARIUM OF THE FATHERS OF MEN
Atanatárion (lit. simply "of the Fathers of Men")
-MR:373

LETTER
tengwa (pl. tengwar is attested; this
word was used primarily of the Fëanorian letters. However, the
term "Tengwar of Rúmil" occurring in LotR:1151 seems to
indicate that the word tengwa can indeed be used
of a letter of any kind, not only the Fëanorian letters. In
non-technical use tengwa may also be translated
"consonant" [q.v.]. It is uncertain whether tengwa
"letter" can be used in the sense mail, text sent in
the post; the primary meaning is clearly "character, a single
symbol in writing".) sarat(pl. sarati
is attested) - an older [MET] word Tolkien notes was used
of "a 'letter' or any individual significant mark", used of the
Rúmilian letters after the invention of the Fëanorian
Tengwar (but cf. the term "Tengwar of Rúmil" mentioned above).
-TEK, WJ:396, LotR:1151

LOFTY tára (tall, high)
(According to Letters:282, Varda means
"Lofty" [WJ:402 has "the Sublime"], but this word should probably not
be used as a common adjective.) LOFTY TOWER see TOWER.
-TÂ/Silm:437/LT1:264

LORE nólë (long study,
wisdom, knowledge), +ingolë (deep lore, magic [in
WJ:382, the gloss is simply "lore", and the word is not stated to be
poetic]), issë; SECRET LOREnolwë
(wisdom). (These forms obsolete nólemë
in LT1:263. In some sources, nólë
and nolwë are spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng.
Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. Cf. also the spelling of the related word
nólë in Silm:432. But if these words
are written in Tengwar, the initial n should be
transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) LOREMASTER ingolmo
(In Lambengolmor "Loremasters of Tongues"
the initial i of ingolmo
[pl ingolmor]has disappeared; perhaps #ngolmo is
the form used in compounds when the first part of the compound ends
in a vowel.) -ÑGOL, LT2:339, WJ:382, WJ:383/396

LOST
vanwa (gone, departed, vanished, past and over, no longer to
be had, dead); ONE LOST OR FORSAKEN BY FRIENDS hecil(gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and
hecilë f.) (waif, outcast, outlaw)
-WAN, Nam, WJ:366, 365

<M>

MAEDHROS Nelyafinwë (meaning "Finwë
third", not equivalent in sense to Sindarin Maedhros. The
short form of the name was Nelyo. His
mother-name [q.v.], "recorded....though never used in narrative", was
Maitimo "well-shaped one". He also had a
nickname Russandol "copper-top")-PM:352,
353

MAKE carin ("I make,
build", 1. pers. aorist. The same verb is translated "form" in
WJ:391: i carir quettar, "those who form words".
According to Etym the past tense is carnë,
but both FS and SD:246 have cárë.
Past participle #carna *"made" is attested in
Vincarna *"newly-made" in MR:305.) MAKING
carmë (glossed "art" in UT:396 and is also translated
"production", but cf. the following:) NAME-MAKING
Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in which the father of
a child announces its name.) -KAR, WJ:391, MR:214

MAN nér
(ner-) (#ner as the final element in
compounds, as in vëaner and
úner, see below), vëo
(-wëas final element in
compounds); (ADULT) MAN vëaner; MANLY vëa
(adult, vigorous); MANHOOD vië (vigour);
MAN-SPEARHEAD (a wedge-formation of soldiers) nernehta,
NOMAN úner (All these words can apparently be used
of adult males of any sentient race. For "Men" in the sence "humans",
see MORTALS, FOLLOWERS.) -DER, WEG, UT:282, UT:211

MANY
limbë, lin- (prefix: by assimilation it becomes
lil- before l, as in
lillassëa "having many leaves"; before
m, r, s
it would similarly become
*lim-, *lir-,
*lis-). -LT2:342, LI, Plotz letter

MARK (in writing)
tehta- (sign, diacritic) (In LotR:1155, this word is
applied to the supralinear vowel-signs of Fëanorian writing, and
pl tehtar is attested.) sarat (pl.
sarati is attested), originally [MET] a word
used of "a 'letter' or any individual significant mark", but after
the invention of the Tengwar primarily used of the earlier
Rúmilian letters. TINY MARK tixë (dot, point)
-TEK, TIK, WJ:396

MARS Carnil -Basic
Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55

MAST ferna (beechnuts),
tyulma -PHER, TYUL/SD:419

MASTER (noun)
heru (lor d), #tur (cf. Fëanturi
"Masters of Spirits", a name of the Valar Mandos and
Irmo).MASTER OF DOOM Turambar, MASTER OF DESIRE
Irmo (lit. "Desirer", the name of a Vala); MASTERY
túrë (victory); MASTERED #turúna
(only the form turún', with the
final *-a elided, is attested. Silm:269 has
turun instead of
turún' - the accent and he elision mark
seem to have been omitted.) -KHER, TUR/UT:438, Silm:261/269/423, 405,
UT:138

MAY
Lótessë (In LT1:252/254, the word for May is
Kalainis, but this is hardly a valid word in
mature Quenya.) -LotR:1144

ME The ending
-n, attested only as subject, may be employed:
*Utúvielyen, "thou
(-lye-) hast found me
(-n)". It has been theorized that
ni is the independent word for "me", but
actually it seems to be a non-emphatic word for "I" (so in Arct;
contrast the emphatic inyë; see "I").
Tye "thee" may point to something like
*nye as the independent word for "me", but such
extrapolations are uncertain. Case endings may be added to
ni, e.g. dative nin "for
me" (Nam).

MEADOW - LT1:267 (GL:39) has
lairë, but this has already two different
meanings in mature Quenya ("summer" and "poem"), so it is somewhat
doubtful whether this word from Tolkien's earliest linguistic
constructions is valid in later Quenya.

MIDDLE (noun)
endë (core, centre); MIDDLE (prob. adj)
enya, endya (In Noldorin Quenya, enya
would be the natural form - endya
looks like Vanyarin Quenya. Cf. the name of the language
itself in the two dialects, Quenya vs.
Quendya.) MIDDLE-DAY #enderë(only pl enderi is attested; for sg
#enderë cf.
yestarë, mettarë,
the first and the last day of the year. The "middle-days" were three
days inserted between the months of yávië and quellë
in the Calendar of Imladris.)-ÉNED, cf. WJ:361,
LotR:1142

MIDDLE-EARTH Endórë, Endor
(defined as "centre of the world" under ÉNED; allative
form Endorenna is attested in LotR. Other names
are also glossed "Middle-earth": Ambarenya,
Endamar; see also EAST) -LotR:1003, ÉNED,
MBAR

MUSIC #lindalë (isolated from
Ainulindalë "The Music of the Ainur"; Etym
and LT1:258 has lindelë; the latter is also
glossed "song".)-Silm:378, LIN

MY -nya
(possessive suffix, e.g. *aldanya "my
tree". An i seems to be inserted between the
ending and the noun when the latter ends in a consonant:
atarinya "my father" (LR:61). If the last
consonant(s) of the noun is/are n or the cluster
nd, a contracted form may be used in vocatives:
hinya "my child" (for
hínanya, WJ:403), yonya
"my son" (for *yondonya, LR:61).

<N>

NAIL (prob. noun) taxë -TAK

NAKED helda -SKEL

NAME (noun)
essë(pl. essi is attested.
Note: the word essë was also used in the
sense "person as a whole", body and soul.) AFTER-NAME
epessë (i.e., "a nickname - mostly given as a title of
admiration or honour"); MOTHER-NAME (OF INSIGHT)
#amilessë (tercenya) (i.e. names given by
Elvish mothers to their children, indicating some dominant feature of
the nature of the child as perceived by its mother. Only pl
amilessi tercenyë is attested.) NAME OF
INSIGHT #essë tercenya (i.e., the same as
"mother-name"; only pl essi tercenyë is
attested); GIVEN (OR ADDED) NAME anessë (pl
anessi is attested. This wordencompasses both "after-names" and "mother-names".)
NAME-MAKING Essecarmë (an Eldarin seremony in
which the father of a child announces its name), NAME-CHOOSING
Essecilmë (an Eldarin seremony in which a person
chooses a name according to his or her personal
lámatyávë or sound-taste);
SELF-NAME #cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi
is attested, said to mean more literally "names of
personal choice":#cilmë "choice" +
essi "names". PM:339 explains that "some among
the exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to
their own deeds and personal history: such names were called
kilmessi 'self-names'.") -ES/LotR:1157/MR:216, UT:266, MR:217,
214

NICKNAME
("mostly given as a title of admiration or honour")
epessë (after-name) -UT:266

NIGHT lómë, ("Night, night-time, [shades of
night]", in LT1:255 glossed "dusk, gloom, darkness"),
Fui, Hui ("Night" - in LT1:253, hui
is glossed "fog, dark, murk, night"), ló
("night, a night"), mórë (blackness, dark -
obsoleting mori in LT1:260). In
Valinorean usage, lómë "has no evil
connotations; it is a word of peace and beauty and has none of the
associations of fear and groping that, say, 'dark' has to us. For the
evil sense I [Tolkien's character Lowdham] do not know the [Quenya]
word". For "night" in the "evil sense", mórë
seems to be the best candidate. Yet
lómë evidently developed darker
connotations among the Exiles, for when crying auta i
lómë "the night is passing" before the
Nirnaeth Arnoediad, the Noldor used the word metaphorically to mean
the rule of Morgoth. -DO3, PHUY, SD:306, Silm:229

NIGHTINGALE lómelindë(pl
lómelindi is attested; Etym also has
morilindë), tindómerel
("daughter of twilight", a kenning of or a poetic name for the
nightingale; the Sindarin equivalent is
tinúviel. Tolkien changed the meaning of
the final element from "daughter" to "child", see SEL-D-.) -DO3,
Silm:64, MOR, TIN/Silm:422, 438

NINE nertë
(obsoleting olma in LT1:258)
-NÉTER

NO lá (also meaning "not".
Lá is probably used to deny facts, or
what others present as facts. In some contexts, the interjection
vá is to be preferred. It is derived from
a stem that "expressed refusal to do what others might wish or
urge, or prohibition of some action by others.) Cf
alsolala, lau, laumë "no, no indeed not, on
the contrary; also used for asking incredulous questions".
Prefixes "no-, un-": ú-, il-. SAY NO
váquet- (forbid, refuse) (1. pers. sg aorist and
past váquetin, váquenten
are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t.
avanë is given; this verb was "little used
in ordinary language").-LA, WJ:371 cf. 370, GÛ, WJ:370,
KWET

NO LONGER TO BE HAD vanwa (gone, dead, departed,
lost, past, vanished) -WJ:366

NOT lá; NO INDEED NOT
lala;DON'T áva, avá; DON'T
DO IT! áva carë!; I WILL NOT: vá
(exclamation, also = Do not!); avan,
ván, vanyë "I won't", avammë,
vammë "we won't"; NOT COUNTING hequa (leaving
aside, excluding, except), NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID
avaquétima, NOT TO BE TOLD OR RELATED
avanyárima -LA, WJ:371, 364/365, WJ:370

NOVEMBER Hísimë -LotR:1144

NOVROD
Návarot (Hollowbold, Nogrod) -WJ:389

NOW
sí, sín/sin (the latter form is
evidently used when the next word has an initial vowel; cf. the
distribution of "a" and "an" in English.) -SI, cf. LR:47

NUMBER nótë, LARGE NUMBER hosta, IN A
VERY GREAT NUMBER úvëa; NUMBERLESS
únótimë (uncountable) -NOT, KHOTH, UB,
Nam

OFF au-
(verbal prefix implying motion "away from the speaker or the
place of his thought", as in auciri- "cut off,
so that a portion is lost or no longer available"), hó-
(verbal prefix implying motion away from something, but the
point of view is outside the thing left: cf. hóciri-
"cut off a required portion, so as to have it or use it")
-WJ:365, 366, 368

ORC (goblin)urco (pl
urqui) ororco (pl. orqui or
orcor) (LT1:264 has orc, but
word-final rc does not occur in mature Quenya.
Here the gloss is "monster, demon". Cf. WJ:390: "In the lore of the
Blessed Realm the Q urko naturally seldom
occurs, except in tales of the ancient days and the March, and then
is vague in meaning, referring to anything that caused fear to the
Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature.") See also
ORKISH. -ÓROK, LT1:264, WJ:390

ORDAINER Námo
(Judge - the name of a Vala) -Silm:411

ORDER
(noun) heren(Heren Istarion
"Order of Wizards"); ORDER (vb) vala- (used of
the Valar only, as in á vala Manwë
"may Manwë order it", Valar valuvar
"the will of the Valar will be done", *"the Valar will
order [it]". -UT:388, WJ:404

ORION Telumehtar
("warrior of the sky", according to WJ:411 an old name, later
[MET] evidently replaced by:)Menelmacar ("Swordsman of
the Sky") -TEL, WJ:411, LotR:1147 cf. 95

ORKISH
Orquin(attested with reference to language, perhaps also
general adjective) -LR:178

OUR *-mma(pronominal
ending used on nouns, e.g. *aldamma "our tree".
It is not attested, but may be deduced from the word for "we", q.v.
This "our" is exclusive, meaning "their and my", not including the
person(s) that is spoken to. The inclusive ending for "your and our"
is *-lma, or in the dual -lva("our" meaning "your (sg) and mine", as in
omentielvo "of our [Frodo's and Gildor's]
meeting, LotR:94). In the first edition of LotR, the wrong form
omentielmo is used (plural instead of dual). The
ending for dual exclusive "our" (sc. "our" meaning "his/her and
mine") is unknown. The emphatic, independent words for "our" may be
*emma, *elma,
*elva. -LotR:94, cf. Letters:447

OUT et-
(prefix)(forth), OUT OF et
(followed by ablative)-ET, LotR:1003

OX mundo (Note: a homonym
means "snout, nose, cape". It may or may not obsolete the form
taracu "ox" in LT2.) See also BULL.
-Letters:422, LT2:347/GL:69

OXFORD - LT2 gives
Taruktarna (read *Taruhtarna
in mature Quenya), but the word may be obsolete. See OX
above. -LT2:347

<P>

PACE ranga (pl rangar is stated
to mean "full paces"). The ranga was a
Númenórean linear measure of approximately 38 inches
(96.5 cm); see YARD. -UT:285

PAGAN GOD see GOD

PAIN (vb) nwalya-(torment). (Though
spelt this way also in Etym, nwalya- must be
from older *ngwalya, for the stem is
ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter
nwalmë (< older
ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the
initial nw of nwalya.)
PAIN (noun) naicelë, naicë (= sharp
pain); PAINFUL naicelëa -ÑGWAL,
NÁYAK

PASS -
mountain pass: falqua (cleft, ravine); pass between
hills:cilya (cleft, gorge) (so in Etym, but
#cirya in the name Calacirya
"Pass of Light" [gen. Calaciryo in
Namárië] - though this clashes with cirya
"ship". An early version of Namárië actually
had Calacilyo not
Calaciryo; see An Introduction to Elvish p. 5)
-LT2:341, KIL

PHANTOM fairë
("phantom, disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape" -
pl. fairi is attested. Note:
fairë has other shades of meaning as well
as wholly different meanings - see SPIRIT, DEATH, RADIANCE,
FREEDOM) -MC:223, 221

PLACE men (so in Etym, though this word
would clash with *men "to/for us". In LotR,
sinomë is translated "on this place",
pointing to #nomë as the word for "place".
Tolkien first wrote símanë, then
changed it to sinomë. If #man
in the first word is a variant form of
men, Tolkien evidently rejected
#man/men in favour of
#nomë. On the other hand,
men is also mentioned in the language notes in
RGEO (p. 72), a late source that is not easily dismissed.) STRONG
PLACE sarnë -MEN, LotR:1003, SD:56, SAR

*

PLANT
#olva (only pl olvar is attested,
never actually translated "plants" but defined as "growing things
with roots in the earth"); LONG TRAILING PLANTuilë ("especially sea-weed", which is explicitly
ëaruilë)-Silm:415,
UY

POSSESS harya-; POSSESSING arwa (+ genitive) (in
control of) (Note: harya- is not used of
one's offspring. In MR:228, Tolkien notes that "no Elf would speak of
possessing children; he would say: 'three children have been added
unto me', or 'are with me', or 'are in my house'.") -3AR

POST
(wooden) samna (þ) (Distinct from
#samna "diphthong" in Tengwar spelling, as the
latter is spelt with initial silmë, not
súlë.)-STAB

<R>

RADAGAST
Aiwendil ("Lover of Birds", his original Valinorean name,
not an actual translation of "Radagast", which is either
Adûnaic for "Tender of Beasts" or a Mannish name of uncertain
meaning). -UT:393/417, cf. 390, 401

RADIANCE alcar,
alcarë (brilliance, splendour), fairë
(Note: this word has several other meanings - see DEATH,
FREEDOM, PHANTOM), nalta (glittering reflection -
alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347,
nalta is spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng.
Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial
n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo, not
númen.) RADIANT alcarinqua(glorious) -AKLA-R, PHAY, PM:347, WJ:369 (where
alcar, alkar is translated
"splendour")

RAY OF
LIGHT alca; RAY OF THE SUN firin (the latter may not
be a valid word in mature Quenya)-AKLA-R, LT2:341

"RAYMENT, VEILS" fana (pl fanar is
attested. This word was used of the visible bodies in which the Valar
presented themselves to incarnates.) -RGEO:74

RE-
(prefix) en- (as in entulessë
"return" and envinyatar "renewer",
q.v. Also used on verbs: #enquat- "refill" [only
fut. enquantuva is attested, see REFILL]. Before
the consonants l, m,
r, s, the prefix
en- would be assimilated to
*el-, *em-,
*er-, and *es-,
respectively. Very early [The Lost Tales] "Qenya" has an-
instead of en- [see LT1:184].)

REACH *rahta- (strech out) (Corrected from the actual
reading rakta; Tolkien later decided that
kt became ht in Quenya)
-LT1:335

REAL anwa (actual, true)
-ANA2

REALM arda (region). This word
means "any more or less bounded or defined place, a region" (WJ:402).
Arda (with a capital A) was
"the name given to our world or earth...within the immensity of
Eä".-3AR, Letters:283

REAR tellë
-TELES

RECALL #enyal- (inf.
enyalië) -UT:302, 317

RECKON not-;
*RECKONING #onótimë (isolated from
Yénonótië *"reckoning of
years"), *RECKONER Onótimo (the untranslated
title of one Quennar, an expert of chronology) -NOT, MR:48-51

RECEIVE tuvu- (same as in utútvienyes "I have
found it"? See FIND) -GL:71

REFLECTION (glittering)nalta
(radiance - alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form.
In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng.
Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial
n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo, not
númen.)-PM:347

RELATE nyar- (tell); NOT TO BE TOLD OR
RELATED avanyárima-NAR2, WJ:370

RELEASE fainu- -LT2:250

REMAINS erin
-LT1:269

REMOTE haira (far), eccaira,
avaha ira -KHAYA

REND narci-; RENDING
naraca (harsh, violent)-NÁRAK

RENEW
#envinyata- (heal) (isolated from
Envinyatar, see below. Past participle
Envinyanta is attested, though it is translated
"healed" rather than *"renewed".) RENEWER Envinyatar
-MR:405, LotR:897

REPEAT tatya- (double);
REPEATED vorima (continual) -TATA, BOR

REPOSE
Estë (the name of a Valië; because of this name,
estë fell out of use as a general word for
"repose"). -WJ:403, 404

RESONANT (of strings) tunga
(taut, tight) -TUG

REST serin ("I rest", 1.
pers. aorist); REST (noun) sérë
(repose, peace), quildë (quiet, hush); Estë
(the name of a Valië; because of this name,
estë fell out of use as a general word for
"rest") (repose); TAKE A REST hauta-; RESTING
senda (at peace) -SED, EZDÊ/WJ:404, GL:23, KHAW

RING
#corma (isolated from cormacolindor
"Ring-bearers"); RING-DAY Cormarë (Yavannië
30th, a festival in honour of Frodo Baggins; this was his
birthday); RING-WRAITHS Úlairi (Nazgûl) (pl;
sg #Úlairë? Note that
Úlairi is not a literal translation of
"ring-wraiths"; the prefix ú- may mean
"un-" with evil connotation; the rest of the word is obscure.
Lairë "summer" or "poem" can hardly have
anything to do with #lairi. The syllable
úl- may also have something to do with
the Black Speech word gûl, wraith.) -LotR:989 cf.
Letters:308, LotR.1146, Silm:362, 417

RUNE certa (pl certar
is attested. This word occurred in Exilic Quenya only,
adopted and adapted from Sindarin certh. Tolkien notes that if
inherited, the form would have had the form
*cirtë.) -WJ:396, LotR:1151

SAVIOUR
sáro (þ) (isolated from the word
Nanisáro "saviour of the Dani") -LR:188

SAY
quet- (pa.t. quentë) (speak, talk), equë
(the latter word "has no tense forms...being mostly used only
before either a proper name...or a full independent pronoun, in the
senses say / says or said. A quotation then follows,
either direct, or less usually indirect after a 'that'-construction
(...) Affixes appear in equen 'said I', eques 'said he
/ she' ." (WJ:392, 415) Cf. also SAY NO váquet-
(forbid, refuse) (1. pers. sg aorist and past
váquetin, váquenten
are given), ava- (refuse) (pa.t.
avanë is given; this verb was "little used
in ordinary language"). NOT TO BE SAID, THAT MUST NOT BE SAID
avaquétima. SAYING eques (pl.
equessi) (dictum, proverbial dictum,
quotation) -Silm:436, WJ:370, LT2:348, WJ:392

SECOND #tatya (cf. Tatyar, "the
Seconds", the Second Clan of the Elves), neuna; THE SECOND
Atani (sg Atan - an Elvish name of
Men, later only used of Men of the Three Houses of the Edain.)
-WJ:420, NDEW, WJ:403

SEIZE mapa-
(grasp) This word was struck out in one of Tolkien's earlier
word-lists, but in Etym it was restored. -MAP, LT2:339

SELF-NAME #cilmessë (only pl. cilmessi
is attested, said to mean more literally "names of
personal choice": #cilmë "choice" +
essi "names". PM:339 explains that "some among
the exiles gave themselves names, as disguises or in reference to
their own deeds and personal history: such names were called
kilmessi 'self-names'.")

SEND FLYING horta-
(speed, urge) -KHOR

SEND FOR tulta- (fetch,
summon) -TUL

SENTENCE quentelë -LT2:348

SEPTEMBER Yavannië -LotR:1144/1146/Silm:439

SERIES téma (pl. témar
is attested) (row, line) -TEÑ, LotR:1153

SERPENT lókë (snake, dragon; "so do
the Eldar name the worms of Melko[r]", LT2:85). The word
foalókë is said to be a "name of a
serpent that guarded a treasure". The word is not capitalized, so
this "name" must be a common noun and not a proper name. -LOK,
LT2:340

SERVANT -(n)dur (final element in
compounds, e.g. arandur "king's servant,
minister, steward". When the first part of the compound ends in
l, n, or
r, the n of -ndur
is left out). -Letters:386

SHIP cirya(defined as "sharp-prowed
ship" in Silm:433; dual ciriat [read
*ciryat?] is attested in Letters:427; all
numbers and cases except plural possessive *ciryaiva
are attested in the Plotz letter. In Silm:433, the
spelling círya occurs, but all other
sources have cirya with a short
i, so círya is
likely an error by Christopher Tolkien); luntë
(boat); SHIPMAN ciryaquen (sailor)-KIR,
LT1:249/LUT, WJ:318

SILVER telpë, telep-(tyelpë,
tyelep-was the original
form of the word in Noldorin Quenya, but "the form telpe
became usual, through the influence of Telerin; for the
Teleri prized silver above gold, and their skill as silversmiths was
esteemed even by the Noldor" [UT:266]. However, in Letters:426 it is
stated that "the form tyelpë remained in
Quenya" and was not wholly displaced by
telpë. LT1:268 has telpë
= telempë.)Cf. also
ilsa (a "mystic name" of silver),+silmë (also meaning light of Silpion,
starlight). SILVER (prob. adj) tinda (glinting), OF
SILVER telepsa, telpina, telemna. SILVER LIGHT
istel, istil ("applied by the Ilkorins to starlight,
probably a Q[uenya] form learned from Melian"). SILVER GLINT
nillë (a star on Varda's simulacrum covering Valinor.
Spelt ñillë, i.e.,
ngillë, in MR:388, but initial ng
had become n in Third Age
pronunciation, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But is this word is written in Tengwar, the letter
noldo, not númen,
should be used to transcribe the initial n.)
-Silm:429, KYELEP, LT1:255, SIL, TIN, MR:388

SMALL pitya
(never translated, but Pitya-naucor is
glossed "petty-dwarves", and pica "small spot"
must be derived from the same root.) Cf. also
nauca, an adjective "especially applied to
things that though in themselves full-grown were smaller or shorter
than their kind, and were hard, twisted, or ill-shapen."LT1:256 has an adjective inya "small", but
this is probably not a valid word in mature Quenya (in that language
*inya may mean "my, mine".) -PIK, WJ:389,
413

SNOW
lossë (spesifically "fallen snow", also adjective
"snow-white"; +olos, +olossë. Etym also
gives niquë, but this word is obsoleted by
a statement in WJ:417: "niquedoes not refer to
snow, but to cold". This statement may obsolete niquetil
"snowcap" in LT1:266. Is niquis
"snow" from the same source a valid word? GL:35 has
fáwë "snow" and
fauta "it snows".) LIGHT SNOW is,
SNOW-WHITE lossë (which may also be the noun
"snow"), SNOWDROP nieninquë (lit. "white tear")
-RGEO:69, GOLÓS, NIK-W-, NEI, LT1:256, LT1:262/266

SOLE OF
FOOT tallúnë (the form talas
in LT2 is probably obsolete) -RUN, LT2:347

SOLEMN
PROMISE vanda (oath, pledge) -UT:317

SOLITARY
erda (deserted) -LT1:269

SOLITUDE eressë
(also as adverb: singly, only, alone) -ERE, LT1:269

SOMBRE morna (black, gloomy, dark) -MOR

SON
yondo (male descendant), (suffix:) -ion, e.g.
Finwion "son of Finwë". Cf. also the vocative
yonya *"my son", a contraction of
*yondonya. (The forms
vô, vondo "son" in
LT2 are certainly obsolete, as are the notions that yondo
meant "(great) grandson" and that
yô-, yond- "son" was
used only in poetry. But LT2 does confirm that -ion
was "very common...in patronymics".) SON OF THE DARK
(= Morgoth) morion YO, MR:217, LR:61, LT2:336, 344,
LT1:260 cf. FS

SOUND
lamma(= sound in general?), #hlon (only pl.
hloni is attested; the word is used of the
sounds of a language), róma (= loud sound,
trumpet-sound. Note: róma also means
"shoulder"), láma (according to Etym = "ringing
sound, echo", but see below); SOUND-TASTE
lámatyávë (pl.
lámatyáver is attested), i.e.,
"individual pleasure in the sounds and forms of words". Tolkien seems
undecided about the exact meaning of
láma. Etym gives "ringing sound, echo";
in WJ:416 it is said that the stem LAMA refers "especially to vocal
sounds, but was applied only to those that were confused or
inarticulate. It was generally used to describe the various cries of
beasts." But the word lámatyávë
"sound-taste", by which an Elf chose or made a name for
him/herself [see NAME-CHOOSING], seems to imply that
láma can also be used of articulated
speech. -LAM, WJ:394, ROM, MR:215, 216

SOUTH hyarmen(LT2:248 also gives Sahóra, but this
is hardly a valid word in mature Quenya); SOUTHERN
hyarmenya, "SOUTH-VICTOR" Hyarmendacil (one of the
Kings of Gondor), SOUTHEASTLANDS Hyarrostar,
SOUTHWESTLANDS Hyarnustar (regions in Númenor)
-KHYAR/LotR:1157, LotR:1075/1082, UT:165, 446

SPIRIT fëa (= the spirit or "soul"
of an incarnate, normally housed in a body;pl
fëar is attested), ëala
("being", pl. ëalar is attested.
Eälar are spirits whose natural state it is
to exist without a physical body, e.g. Balrogs),
súlë(þ)(earlier [MET]
thúlë,
Súlë), manu (=
departed spirit; LT1:260 has
mánë), fairë (=
spirit in general, as opposed to matter, or a phantom or disembodied
spirit, when seen as a pale shape. Pl. fairi is
attested), vilissë. A person's "spirit" meaning
his or her general personality and attitude may be rendered by the
word órë, in LotR defined as "heart,
inner mind" (q.v.), cf. PM:337, where it is said that "there dwelt in
her [Galadriel] the noble and generous spirit (órë)
of the Vanyar".FIELD-SPIRIT Nermi (pl.
Nermir is attested. The Nermir
are "fays of the meads".) -MR:349, 218, 165; cf. Silm:431;
LotR:1157, MAN, MC:223, MR:349, GL:23, LT1:260

SPIT
piuta -PIW

SPLIT sanca (þ)(cleft) -STAK

SPONGE hwan (pl. hwandi)
(fungus) -SWAD

SPORT tyalië (game, play)
-TYAL

SPOT men (place - Tolkien may have
rejected this word, see PLACE), SMALL SPOT pica (dot)
-MEN, PIK

SPRING (vb)tuia- (sprout); SPRING (noun)ehtelë (fountain, issue of water), SPRING OF WATER
capalinda, WATER FALLING OUT SWIFTLY FROM A ROCKY SPRING
celussë (freshlet), SPRING-TIME tuilë(this word literally means "budding, also collectively - buds, new
shoots, fresh green" [LT1:269]. Also used = dayspring, early morn. In
the Calendar of Imladris, tuilë was a
precisely defined period of 54 days, but the word was also used
without any exact definition. Beside tuilë,
LT1:269 also has tuiliérë.)
FIRST BEGINNING OF SPRING coirë("stirring", according
to the Calendar of Imladris a period of 54 days in early spring);
"SPRING-SINGER" (i.e., swallow) tuilindo-TUY/LotR
1141, 1145, KEL, UT:426, LT1:260, Silm:429, LT2:338/LT1:269

STAR
elen(normal pl eleni, but
occasionally +eldi in verse; allative
elenna and pl ablative elenillor
are attested), +él (pl.
éli is mentioned),
tinwë (properly = sparkle),
ílë. (Note: in Etym elen
is said to be poetic, but Tolkien later concluded that
elen was "the normal word for a star on the
actual firmanent", the poetic word being él
instead. According to MR:388, a tinwë
was one of the "apparent stars" on Varda's simulacrum
covering Valinor, also called nillë or
"silver glint". Etym mentions the words ellen
and elena without glossing them, but
according to Silm:431 elena is an adjective
meaning "of the stars".) TWINKLING STAR tingilya,
tingilindë, HAVING MANY STARS lintitinwë;
STARLIKE elvëa (pl. elvië is
attested); STARWARDS elenna (Elenna
or Elennanórë, "the land
named Starwards", a name of Númenor); STARLIGHT
silmë (light of Silpion); STARCROWNED, CROWNED WITH STARS
(a name of Taniquetil) Elerrína (so in
Silm:42; Etym has Elerína);
STAR-QUEEN (=Varda) Elentári; STARLIT DUSK,
STARRYTWILIGHT tindómë. See also
*STELLAR. -EL, Silm:313, MC:222 cf. 215, TIN, WJ:362, UT:317,
LotR:1157, LT1:269, MC:223, Silm:42, DOMO, Silm:438

STELLAR
elenya (no gloss is actually given; the word is simply
defined as "an adjective referring to stars". There are also the
adjectives elda and elena,
translated "of the stars". But in normal Quenya, elda
primarily means "Elf", pl. Eldar. Use
elenya or elena.) -WJ:362,
Silm:431

SUMMER lairë (Note: a
homonym means "poem". In the Calendar of Imladris,
lairë was a precisely defined period of 72
days, but the word was also used without any exact definition),
saiwen (cf. saiwa "hot".)
"EVER-SUMMER" oiolairë, "SUMMER-SNOW-WHITE"
lairelossë (evergreen trees brought to Númenor
by the Eldar) -LotR:1141, 1145, Letters:282, LT1:265, UT:167, 458,
UT:167, 449

SUN
Anar, Úrin (Úrind-) (the latter
was a "name of the Sun"; in LT1:271 úrin
is glossed "blazing hot", and the word for "Sun" is
Úr ["Ûr"] or
Úri, Úrinci,
Urwen.The stem Úrin
is derived from was struck out in Etym. However, several words that
must be derived from the same stem occur in LotR, indicating that
Tolkien restored it.) Naira ("the heart of flame"),
Calavénë, Calaventë (another
names for the Sun). SUNLIGHT árë (older
[MET] ázë); SUNRISE
anarórë, ambaron/Ambarónë
(uprising, Orient) (a similar but untranslated word,
Ambaróna, occurs in LotR),
rómen (glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in
Silm:437, but the normal meaning of the word is always "east").
SUNSET andúnë (west, evening),
núro.(Amuntë in
LT2 is certainly obsolete); RAY OF THE SUN firin (the
latter may not be a valid word in mature Quenya) -ANÁR, UR,
LotR:1157, LotR:254, ORO, AM, LotR:490, NDU, MR:198, Silm:428,
LT2:335, 341

SOUP sulpa -LT1:266

STUDY (long)nólë (wisdom, lore,
knowledge). (In Etym this word is spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng.
Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. Nólë is so spelt also
in Silm:432. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial
n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo, not númen.)
-ÑGOL, Silm:432

TERROR ossë (Ossë is also the name of a
Maia held to be responsible for storms at sea.) -GOS, Silm:33,
34

THANKSGIVING #hantalë (isolated from
Eruhantalë "thanksgiving to Eru". A verbal
stem #hanta- "thank" can also be isolated.)
-UT:436

THAT ta (it), tana, yana (the
former), THAT (relative pronoun): "who, which, that" as a relative
pronoun is i or ya:
i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa "the One
who is above all thrones", i carir quettar ómainen
"those who form words with voices". A pronoun
ya *"which" is found in the "Arctic" sentence;
yassen "in which" in Nam is evidently this
pronoun + a plural locative ending. -TA, YA, WJ:391, UT:305, 317,
Arct

THATCH tupsë -TUP

THE i
In Quenya, the definite article is generally used as in
English. However, notice that it is not used before plural words
denoting an entire people or race, such as
Valar, Quendi,
Noldor, Sindar,
Eldar, Ainur,
Fírimar etc. This is evident from
examples like lambë Eldaron "the language
of the Eldar [lit. simply "Eldar"]", Valar valuvar
"the will of the Valar [lit. simply "Valar"] will be
done". Cf. Tolkien's use of "Men" with no article, meaning the entire
human race or humans in general, while "the Men" would be a group of
individuals. Anar "the Sun" and Isil
"the Moon" are probably treated like proper names in
Quenya; they do not take the article. When a noun is determined by a
following genitive, it is evidently optional whether it takes the
article or not: mannar Valion "into the hands
[lit. simply "hands"] of the Lords", Indis i Ciryamo
"The Mariner's Wife, *The Wife [lit. simply "Wife"] of the
Mariner" - but contrast I Equessi Rúmilo
"the Sayings of Rúmil", i arani Eldaron
"the Kings of the Eldar". If the genitive precedes the
noun, the article must probably be left out, as in English
(*Eldaron arani,?Eldaron i arani). Note: i
is also the relative pronoun "who, that"; see WHO. -I,
WJ:404, 368, FS, UT:8, WJ:398, 369

THEE le
(formal, perhaps the object form of
elyë "thou", q.v; only known as a borrowing
in Sindarin; see the notes on the poem A Elbereth
Gilthoniel in RGEO) Case endings may be added, e.g. dative
len "to/for thee". -LotR:61

THEIR -
if analogy can be trusted, "they" is the ending
*-nta, e.g. *aldanta "their
tree". See THEY.

THEY -ntë
(pronominal ending): Tiruvantes i hárar
mahalmassen mí Númen "they will keep it who
sit upon thrones in the West". The independent, emphatic form may be
*entë.) Object "them" (and non-emphatic
"they") is the independent pronoun te, that may
also be expressed by the pronominal ending -t
(as in a laita, laita
te...laituvalmet, "bless them, bless
them...we shall bless [or praise] them"). For "they", there is also
the ending -lto as in
tulielto "they have come" (LT1:270), but its
status in mature Quenya is uncertain. -UT:317, LotR:989 cf
Letters:308

THICK tiuca (fat) -TIW

THIGH
tiuco -TIW

THIN - long and thin: lenwa
(straight, narrow) -LT2:341

THING nat; THING
MADE tanwë (device, construction, craft)
-NÂ2, TAN

THINGOL Singollo
(þ) short forSindacollo (þ)(so
in Silm:421; MR:217and WJ:410 have
Sindicollo, where the s
represents original th, cf. PM:337,
where the spelling Sindikollo is used [S =
th as in thin]. Hence, these variant forms should be
spelt with in initial súlë, not
silmë, in Tengwar writing). However, it
appears that Thingol was usually called Elwë
in Quenya.-MR:385

THIRD #nelya
(cf. Nelyar "Thirds", the third clan
among the Elves) -WJ:420

THOU elyë
(independent pronoun, used fo r emphasis, therefore translated
"even thou" in Nam and RGEO:67), -lyë (pronominal
ending; the normal way of expressing non-emphatic "thou":
hiruvalyë "thou shalt find"). This "thou"
is formal. Concerning familiar or intimate "thou", that would often
be translated "you" in English, only the object tye
"thee" [q.v.] and the short suffix -t
is attested; the latter may be used on imperatives, e.g.
hecat "get thee gone!") -Nam/RGEO:67, WJ:364

THY
-lya, *-tya (endings used on nouns, e.g.
*aldalya, *aldatya "thy
tree". The ending *-tya is not attested and is
deduced from the pronoun "thee" [q.v.].) The semantic distinction
between -lya and *-tya is
that -lya is formal or polite, while
*-tya is intimate or familiar. Cf. THEE. In
UT:51 (cf. 22), -lya is translated "your"
instead of "thy", following modern English usage (tielyanna
"upon your path").

TIGHT tunga (taut,
[of strings:] resonant) -TUG

TILL (prep)
an (for, to) -Arct

TILTED talta-
(sloping, leaning) -TALÁT

TIME
lúmë(translated "hour" in LotR:94; allative
lúmenna is attested; Note:
lúmë also means "darkness");
lú (= "a time, occasion"). FIXED TIME asar
(Vanyarin athar) (festival),ONCE UPON A TIME
yassë, yalúmessë,
yáressë (Note: the first of these seems to
clash with *yassë "in/on which".) -LU,
WJ:399, YA

TONGUE
(physical tongue:) lamba, (language:)lambë, quetil(In LT2:339, it is said that
lambë covers both "physical tongue" and
"speech", but Tolkien later thought better of that. WJ:394 states
that in non-technical use, lambë was the
normal word for "language"; only the Loremasters used the technical
term tengwesta instead.) LOREMASTER OF
TONGUES #Lambengolmo (only pl Lambengolmor
is attested) -LAB/LotR:1157/WJ:394, 396, KWET

TORMENT
(vb) nwalya-. (Though spelt this way also in Etym,
nwalya- must be from older
*ngwalya, for the stem is
ÑGWAL. In Tengwar spelling, the letter
nwalmë (< older
ngwalmë) should be used to transcribe the
initial nw of nwalya.)
TORMENT (noun) nwalmë (older [MET]
ngwalmë), angaitya-LotR:1157
cf. ÑGWAL; LT1:249

TRANSPARENCE liquis, TRANSPARENCY - the word
vírin is defined as "a magic glassy
substance of great lucency used in fashoning the Moon. Used of things
of great and pure transparency." -LT1:262, LT2:339

UPRISING ambaron, Ambarónë
(sunrise, Orient) (a similar but untranslated word,
Ambaróna, occurs in LotR:490).
Rómen is glossed "uprising, sunrise, east" in
Silm:437, but the normal meaning of the word is always "east". Cf.
also: "UPRISING-FLOWER" *ambalotsë("referring to
the flower or floreate device used as a crest fixed to [the] point of
a tall [illegible word, possibly 'archaic'] helmet", "pointed
helm-crest". Tolkien asterisked the word because it was not attested,
only a possible Quenya form of the name Amloth)
-AM2, LotR:490, WJ:318

URANUS Luinil (or
less probably Nénar; it is not known for
certain which of the two is Uranus and which is Neptune) -Basic
Quenya:24, cf. Silm:55

WAY tië (path, course, line, direction, road),
#vanda (isolated form Qualvanda "Road
of Death" in LT1:264; cf. vand- "way, path" on
the same page. Yet vanda means "oath" in UT:317,
so this old [TLT] word is doubtful. Use
tië, or tëa
"road")-TE3/RGEO:67, LT1:264

WE -mmë(pronominal ending used on verbs, e.g. vammë
"we won't". This "we" is exclusive, meaning "they and I",
not including the person(s) that is spoken to. The ending for "we,
including you (sg or pl)" is -lmë. We can deduce
one inclusive dual ending, "we" meaning "you (sg) and I":
*-lvë(deduced from the corresponding
possessive suffix -lva "our"). The emphatic,
independent forms of these pronouns are perhaps
*emmë, *elmë,
*elvë. -WJ:371, LotR:989, 94, cf.
Letters:447

WEEKlemnar(from a root meaning "five", since the Valian
week had five days) enquië (from a root meaning
"six", since the Eldarin week had six days), otsola(evidently meaning a seven-day week like our own, as
otso = seven) -LEP, LotR:1141 cf. ÉNEK,
GL:62

WEEPING nyényë -LT1:262

WEFT lanat, wistë -LAN , LT1:254

WENT lendë (departed) (past tense of
lelya-/linna- "go") LT1:264
gives vá, but this is probably not a
valid word in mature Quenya. -LED, WJ:363

WEREWOLF nauro
(In Etym, this word is spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng.
Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial
n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo, not númen.)
-NGAW

WEST númen(so in Etym and LotR;
Númen is capitalized in UT:305; this word
obsoletes númë in LT1:263),andúnë (sunset, evening); WESTERN
númenya; IN THE WEST númëa; WESTLAND
see WESTERNESSE; WESTLANDS Andustar (a region in
Númenor) "WEST-WINGS" (the name of a ship)
Númerrámar -LotR:1157/NDÛ, Nam,
UT:305, Silm:428, LT1:263, UT:165, 419, UT:175, 458

WHICH
ya (known from the Arctic sentece and attested with a
plural locative ending in Nam: yassen"which-in,
wherein". See WHO concerning relative pronouns. Note:
ya is probably not used as a question-word as in
"which is it"?) -Nam, RGEO:66

WHOman (so in Nam and
MC:222; MC:221 one place has men, but that is
evidently an error, for man occurs in the same
text. In FS and LR:59/63, man is translated
"what". Either Tolkien later adjusted the meaning of the word, or
man covers the meaning of both "who" and
"what".) Note: this "who" is used only in questions. The relative
pronoun "who, which, that" is i or
ya: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar
ëa "the One who is above all thrones", i
carir quettar ómainen "(those) who form words with
voices". A pronoun ya *"which" is found
in the "Arctic" sentence; yassen "in which" in
Nam is evidently this pronoun + a plural locative ending.
-Nam/MC:222, WJ:391, UT:305, 317, Arct

WINE
miru, limpë (the drink of the Valar, or of the
fairies). The word
míruvórë,
míruvor is defined as "a special wine or
cordial." -LT1:261, LIP, LT1:258, WJ:399

WING ráma
(Pl. rámar and plural instrumental
form rámainen are attested. The form
#rámë, occurring in the ship-name
Eärrámë "Sea-Wing", evidently
has a feminine ending.)

HAVING WINGS
rámavoitë, "WEST-WINGS" (the name of a ship)
Númerrámar -RAM/LT2:335, MC:222,
Silm:295, UT:175, 458

WINTER hrívë, (in
early [TLT] material:)Yelin, Hesin.(In
the Calendar of Imladris, hrívë was
a precisely defined period of 72 days, but the word was also used
without any exact definition.) Lasselanta
"leaf-fall" could be used for the beginning of winter, but
the usual translation of this word is "autumn". "WINTER ONE"
Hescil (a title of Nienna "who breedeth winter", LT1:66,
255) -LotR:1141, 1145; LT1:255, LT1:260

WISDOM
nolwë (secret lore, obsoleting
nólemë in LT1:263),
nólë (long study, lore, knowledge) (In Etym
these words, as well as nóla below, are
spelt with initial ñ, that is,
ng. Initial ng had become
n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system
of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. Nólë
is so spelt also in Silm:432. But if these words are
written in Tengwar, the initial n should be
transcribed with the letter noldo, not
númen.) WISE nóla
(learned), saira, istima (having knowledge, learned),
iswa, isqua-NGOL, Silm:432, IS, SAY, LT2:339

WOLF ráca, narmo, WEREWOLF
nauro; WOLFHOWL naulë(In Etym,
narmo, nauro and
naulë are spelt with initial
ñ, that is, ng.
Initial ng had become n in
Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it
accordingly. But if these words are written in Tengwar, the initial
n should be transcribed with the letter
noldo, not númen.)
-DARÁK, NGAR(A)M, NGAW

WOMAN nís (so
in MR:213, Etym gives nis, but both sources
agree that the pl isnissi.An
alternative form of nís/nis
is nissë, clashing with
*nissë "in me". Writers should use the
short sg nís, as Tolkien himself does in
MR:213); +ní (female) -NDIS/NÎ/NIS,
MR:213, NÎ, INI

WORLD Ambar
(earth), THE WIDE WORLD Palurin. (LT2 gives
irmin "the world, all the regions inhabited by
Men"; this is probably not a valid word in mature Quenya.) OF THE
WORLD marda (an adjective, *"wordly"); THE ENDING OF
THE WORLD Ambar-metta; "WORLD-ARTIFICER" Martamo (a
title of Aulë)-LotR:1003 cf. MBAR; LT1:251, 264,
LT2:343, LT1:266

YEAR loa(lit. "growth"), coranar
(lit. "sun-round", used when the year was considered more or
less astronomically - but loa is stated to be
the more usual word for "year"). "LONG-YEAR" yén
(pl. yéni is attested in Nam,
obsoleting Etym yeni). A "long-year" is a period
of 144 solar years, an Elvish "century" - the Eldar used duodecimal
counting, in which 144 is the first three-digit number, like our 100.
But sometimes it seems that yén simply
means "year". Cf the following words: LAST YEAR yenya,
HAVING MANY YEARS linyenwa (old), *RECKONING OF YEARS
Yénonótië -LotR:1141, YEN, MR:51

YOU (pl. only; for sg "you", see
THOU) The ending -lyë may cover pl. as well
as sg. "you". The reduced form -l may be used on
an imperative: hecal! "you be gone!" [WJ:364]
and probably also as object: *Utúvienyel,
"I (-nye) have found you
(-l)". Perhaps -l can be
used for plural "you" in subject postition as well, e.g.
lendel, "you went". The independent (emphatic)
word for "you, even you" as subject may be
*elyë, while object "you" seems to be
le (probably also used as a polite or formal sg:
"thee"). YOUR -lya (possessive suffix, e.g.
*aldalya "your tree" - assuming that
-lyë is indeed pl. as well as sg.)