BACKGROUND: Development of cancer of the cervix is a multi-step process as before cervical cancer develops, cervical cells undergo changes and become abnormal. These abnormalities are called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and are associated with increased risk of subsequent invasive cancer of the cervix. Oncogenic high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), the causative agent of cervical cancer and its precursor lesions, is present in up to one-third of women following large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) treatment and is associated with increased risk of residual disease and disease recurrence...

UNLABELLED: Knowledge of the risks of smoking during pregnancy induces only part of the pregnant women to give up smoking. How many pregnant women in Germany smoke from the beginning to delivery, and what characterises these smokers, is the topic of this article. METHODS: Results from the German Mikrozensus, several national surveys, perinatal statistics and Euro-scip III are presented, compared, and assessed. Findings of our own studies conducted between 1999 and 2002 at the obstetric department and gynacological practices in Berlin allow an insight into the magnitude of "underreporting"...

BACKGROUND: There is yet no formula to predict the expected date of death, however this information may be invaluable to the terminally ill, care givers, friends and family members to write the will, arrange for end-of-life care, settle disputes, and to make plans for burial ceremonies. OBJECTIVE: The study is an audit of all deaths in the gynaecological wards to determine the causes of death and highlight the care option for the terminally ill patient. STUDY METHODS: The admission ward registers and the duplicate copies of issued death certificates between 1986-2000 were studied...

BACKGROUND: Small intestinal volvulus is a rare complication following Roux-en-Y anastomosis. CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old woman was diagnosed with small intestinal volvulus following laparotomy for clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium. Her past medical history included a total gastrectomy and antecolic Roux-en-Y anastomosis for Duke's B gastric carcinoma. Operative findings were of transmesenteric herniation of the ileum through the Roux-en-Y small intestinal mesenteric window, with metastatic deposits fixing the hernia at its base to create a volvulus...

This study analizes differents gynacological treatments of mental illnesses throughout the 19th century. The autor reaches the conclusion, via the professional activity of the English surgeon Isaac Baker Brown, that these gynological treaments were really the result of the confluence of a series of factors: the development of the insanity reflex theory, the consideration of Woman as the pathological prisioner of her genitality, the pessimistic vision of mental illness based on the theory of degeneration, the lack of therapeutic resources in mental medicine and, finally, the marked competition of Victorian doctors amongst themselves and also their profit motive, disguised and hidden under the welcoming cloak of a hypocritical medical morale...

The clinical behaviour and post-operative course of 60 patients who had undergone obstetrics or gynaecological surgery is compared. In 30 cases (20 obstetric and 10 gynaecological), antibiotic prophylaxis took the form of a single i.m. injection of 600 mg of lincomycin and 80 mg of gentamycin, 30 minutes before the operation. In the remaining 30 cases (20 obstetric, 10 gynacological), the antibiotic cover was administered postoperatively by i.v. injection of doxicyclin (100 mg every 12 hours for 3 days and 100 mg every 12 hours per os for a further 2 days)...

Commonly with all special surgical branches of sciences from a medical university-sphere the hospital for gynäcology and obstetrics from the university will be placed in a "surgical orientated centre". The process--structure is underlieing the project for such a centre (summary from equal activities with equal claims to buildings, fitting and out hygiene). The singular spheres from the hospital of gynäcology and obstetrics will be coordinated to the equivalent central functional spheres of the "surgical orientated centre"...