b. Label the MF, HF, VHF, UHF, and microwave portions of the spectrum on your diagram.

c. Locate on your chart at least eight radio services such as AM and FM commercial broadcast, citizens band (CB), television, amateur radio (at least four amateur radio bands), and public service (police and fire).

Explain how radio waves carry information. Include in your explanation: transceiver, transmitter, receiver, amplifier, and antenna.

Do the following:

a. Explain the differences between a block diagram and a schematic diagram.

b. Draw a block diagram for a radio station that includes a transceiver, amplifier, microphone, antenna, and feed line.

e. Explain how cellular telephones work. Identify their benefits and limitations in an emergency.

Explain the safety precautions for working with radio gear, including the concept of grounding for direct current circuits, power outlets, and antenna systems.

Visit a radio installation (an amateur radio station, broadcast station, or public communications center, for example) approved in advance by your counselor. Discuss what types of equipment you saw in use, how it was used, what types of licenses are required to operate and maintain the equipment, and the purpose of the station.

Find out about three career opportunities in radio. Pick one and find out the education, training, and experience required for this profession. Discuss this with your counselor, and explain why this profession might interest you.

Do ONE of the following: (a OR b OR c OR d)

a. Amateur Radio

1. Tell why the FCC has an amateur radio service. Describe some of the activities that amateur radio operators can do on the air, once they have earned an amateur radio license.

2. Explain differences between the Technician, General, and Extra Class license requirements and privileges. Explain who administers amateur radio exams.

3. Explain at least five Q signals or amateur radio terms.

4. Explain how you would make an emergency call on voice or Morse code.

5. Explain the differences between handheld transceivers and home "base" transceivers. Explain the uses of mobile amateur radio transceivers and amateur radio repeaters.

6. Using proper call signs, Q signals, and abbreviations, carry on a 10-minute real or simulated amateur radio contact using voice, Morse code, or digital mode. (Licensed amateur radio operators may substitute five QSL cards as evidence of contacts with five amateur radio operators.) Properly log the real or simulated ham radio contact, and record the signal report.

b. Radio Broadcasting

1. Discuss with your counselor FCC broadcast regulations. Include power levels, frequencies, and the regulations for low-power stations.

2. Prepare a program schedule for radio station "KBSA" of exactly one-half hour, including music, news, commercials, and proper station identification. Record your program on audiotape or in a digital audio format using proper techniques.

3. Listen to and properly log 15 broadcast stations Determine the program format and target audience for five of these stations.

5. Discuss with your counselor alternative radio platforms such as internet streaming, satellite radio, and podcasts.

c. Shortwave and Medium-Wave Listening

1. Listen across several shortwave bands for four one-hour periods - at least one period during daylight hours and at least one period at night. Log the stations properly and locate them geographically on a map, globe, or web-based mapping service.

2. Listen to several medium-wave stations for two one-hour periods, one period during daylight hours and one period at night. Log the stations properly and locate them on a map, globe, or web-based mapping service.

3. Compare your daytime and nighttime shortwave logs; note the frequencies on which your selected stations were loudest during each session. Explain the differences in the signal strength from one period to the next.

4. Compare your medium-wave broadcast station logs and explain why some distant stations are heard at your location only during the night.

5. Demonstrate listening to a radio broadcast using a smartphone/cell phone. Include international broadcasts in your demonstration.

d. Amateur Radio Direction Finding

1. Describe amateur radio direction finding and explain why direction finding is important as both an activity and in competition.

2. Describe what frequencies and equipment are used for ARDF or fox hunting.

3. Build a simple directional antenna for either of the two frequencies used in ARDF.

4. Participate in a simple fox hunt using your antenna along with a provided receiver.

1. Explain what radio is. Include in your explanation: the differences between broadcast radio and hobby radio, and the differences between broadcasting and two-way communicating. Also discuss broadcast radio and amateur radio call signs and using phonetics.

2. Sketch a diagram showing how radio waves travel locally and around the world. How do the broadcast radio stations, WWV and WWVH, help determine what you will hear when you listen to a radio?

b. Label the LF, MF, VHF, UHF, and microwave portions of the spectrum on your diagram.

c. Locate on your chart at least eight radio services such as AM and FM commercial broadcast, CB, television, amateur radio (at least four ham radio bands), and police.

d. Discuss why some radio stations are called DX and others are called local. Explain who the FCC and ITU are.

4. Explain how radio waves carry information. Include in your explanation: transceiver, transmitter, amplifier, and antenna.

5. Learn the safety precautions for working with radio gear, particularly DC and RF grounding.

6. Do the following:

a. Explain the differences between a block diagram and a schematic diagram.

b. Draw a block diagram that includes a transceiver, amplifier, microphone, antenna, and feedline.

c. Explain the differences between an open circuit, a closed circuit, and a short circuit.

d. Draw eight schematic symbols. Explain what three of the represented parts do. Find three electrical components to match to three of these symbols.

7. Do ONE of the following: (a OR b OR c )

a. Amateur radio

1. Describe some of the activities that amateur radio operators can do on the air, once they have earned an amateur radio license.

2. Carry on a 10 minute real or simulated radio contact using voice or Morse Code; use proper call signs, Q signals, and abbreviations. (Licensed ham radio operators may substitute five QSL cards as evidence of contacts with amateur radio operators from at least three different call districts.) Properly log the real or simulated ham radio contact and record the signal report.

3. Explain at least five Q signals or amateur radio terms you hear while listening.

4. Explain some of the Technician Class license requirements and privileges. Explain who gives amateur radio exams.

5. Explain how you would make an emergency call on voice or Morse code. Tell why the FCC has an amateur radio service.

1. Prepare a program schedule for radio station "KBSA" of exactly one-half hour, including music, news, commercials, and proper station identification. Record your program on audio tape using proper techniques.

2. Listen to and properly log 15 broadcast stations; determine for five of these their transmitting power and general areas served.

3. Explain at least eight terms used in commercial broadcasting, such as segue, cut, and fade.

4. Discuss the educational and licensing requirements and career opportunities in broadcast radio.

c. Short-wave listening

1. Listen across several short-wave bands for two 4-hour periods, one in the early morning and the other in the early evening. Log the stations properly and locate them geographically on a globe.

2. For several major foreign stations (BBC in Great Britain or HCJB in Ecuador , for example), list several frequency bands used by each.

3. Compare your morning and evening logs, noting the frequencies on which your major foreign stations were loudest during each session. Explain the differences in signal strength from one period to the next.

4. Discuss the purpose of and careers in short-wave communications.

8. Visit a radio installation approved in advance by your counselor (ham radio station, broadcast station, or public service communications center, for example). Discuss what types of equipment you saw in use, how it was used, what types of license are required to operate and maintain the equipment, and the purpose of the station.