One of the horror genre's "most widely read critics" (Rue Morgue # 68), "an accomplished film journalist" (Comic Buyer's Guide #1535), and the award-winning author of Horror Films of the 1980s (2007), The Rock and Roll Film Encyclopedia (2007) and Horror Films of the 1970s (2002), John Kenneth Muir, presents his blog on film, television and nostalgia, named one of the Top 100 Film Studies Blog on the Net.

Wednesday, June 01, 2016

The Films of 1997: Starship Troopers

Not long ago on the blog, I examined the science
fiction films of director Paul Verhoeven, including favorites RoboCop
(1987), and Total Recall (1990).

The third film in Verhoeven’s sci-fi trilogy is Starship
Troopers, an adaptation of -- or more correctly, a cinematic rebuttal to
-- Robert A. Heinlen’s Hugo Award winning 1959 novel.

Owing in part to his early life in Nazi-controlled Netherlands, Verhoeven’s
science fiction films often parody or critique extreme right-wing aspects of American
culture, namely the excessive freedom and power of corporations, and the alarming
violence of the society as a whole.

Verhoeven’s films are gory, pointed, and funny, and accordingly Starship
Troopers succeeds, in many ways, as the perfect capper for the trilogy.

In other words, it functions as a summation of the director’s
individual and artistic perspective.

This time out, Verhoeven reminds audiences of how easily and
readily some citizens fall in line behind totalitarian, even quasi-fascist
regimes, and how Authority (with a capital “A”) utilizes propaganda to transmit
its message of unthinking nationalism or patriotism.

Also, Starship Troopers points out how easy it is to manipulate
opinion based on fear, specifically after an attack on the homeland.

Like RoboCop, the central narrative of Starship Troopers is
interrupted periodically by short films. These interstitial interludes do not mock TV
commercials this time, but rather propaganda films of the fictional Federation. These
short films reveal the Earth government at its absolute, pandering worst.

These shorts -- and
particularly those involving the indoctrination of children into patriotic
group think -- also remain hysterically funny to this day.

Yet, while everyone seems to understand the social
critique presented by RoboCop, there exist two camps of
thought regarding Starship Troopers.

In the camp of those who don't really understand the film are
those folks who complain about the callow cast, the tongue-in-cheek approach to
violence, and the sometimes hard-to-swallow tactics adopted by the futuristic mobile
infantry in the war against the vicious Arachnids, the "Bugs."

But those who do get and understandStarshipTrooperstend to see it for what it actually
is: a humorous warning against blossoming totalitarianism, and mindless
nationalism. As was the case in RoboCop, Verhoeven artfully uses exaggeration
to craft the film’s dystopian landscape, and by doing so, points out just how
silly -- and transparent -- propaganda can be.

To put the matter another way, some critics and viewers mistakeStarshipTroopersfor a stupid, special effects
adventure, when in fact it lampoons stupid, special effects adventures, and
reminds us through its grotesque, bloody carnage that there is nothing heroic, glorious or ennobling about war, or its mindless pursuit by the State.

And no, this is not at all how Heinlein imagined his literary
universe.

Contrarily Heinlein’s novel suggests that violence has settled
more contentious issues in society than any other course of action. The author reserves
the right to vote and lead in his Utopian future only for those who have served
in war. Everyone else is just a
civilian, less-than-a=second-class citizen. Heinlein also dehumanizes his enemies in
terms that Americans are all too familiar with. The Arachnids are “Bugs” in the same way that other, real-life enemies were labeled “Gooks.” It’s so much easier to hate and destroy an enemy when we give them names that
don’t register their full humanity or intelligence, when we can separate them from "our side" and tag them as different from us.

Verhoeven’s film aptly punctures these aspect of war and fascism too.

As noted above then, the movie Starship Troopers is actually a meticulous,
dedicated rebuttal to the novel, and a warning about the brand of thinking that
informs Heinlein’s world view.

Would you like to know more?

“They’re just like us. They
want to know us. So they can kill us.”

In the not-too-distant future, a limited democracy, the Federation, faces a new challenge from deep space: a rival race of powerful Arachnids, or bugs.

When Buenos Aires is pulped by an asteroid that originated in the AQZ (Arachnid Quarantine Zone), war is declared, and three friends go different ways.

After a botched, failed invasion of the Bug home world, Klendathu, the Earth Federation changes Sky Marshals, and adopts a new philosophy. To defeat the Bug, humans must think like the bug.

Part of that new approach involves capturing a Brain Bug, an intelligent arachnid that has never before been seen by human eyes.

“We’re in this for the species, boys and girls.”

Much of the pseudo-fascist philosophy of Starship Troopers is
voiced in the Verhoeven film by Michael Ironside’s character, Rasczak. He starts the film
as the high school teacher of Rico and Ibanez, and is thus able to describe the
historical and moral underpinnings of the film’s “universe” in his class lecture and discussion.

Rasczak describes, specifically, the “failure of democracy” in
the past (implicitly our time, the 20th and early 21st century), and the ensuing course correction: veterans took control of the levers of power and
established stability. What he
describes, though not in exact words, is actually a military coup. Bluntly stated, soldiers knocked down a
civilian democracy and installed themselves as rulers of a free people. Then, they
favored their own people -- veterans and soldiers -- and forbid any non-veterans from serving
in the government or in any other positions of leadership, for that matter.

The new Federation, then, is an example of leadership by the few, the proud, the privileged and the powerful,
while the masses can only succeed by serving in the wars that their masters
choose. There’s some debate among readers and viewers, based on
Heinlen’s book, about whether all Federation service is military service, but that’s
certainly how it appears in the film. To
gain citizenship and even the right to vote, you must first hope you don’t
become cannon fodder in your master’s chosen campaign of sustained invasion and attack.

Rasczak also notes in the film that “naked force,” violence, is
the “supreme authority from which all other authority is derived.” Again, what
this means in practice is simply that might makes right. Violence is a moral good in this fictional universe. Those with military power get to impose their
value system on the losers in any conflict. Why, because they have might on their side.And yes, indeed, this seems very much like a fascist world-view. It is
right in line with the precepts of Spanish fascism in the early 20th
century (as voiced by Primo de Rivera): “no
other argument is admissible than that of fists and pistols when justice of the
Fatherland is attacked.”

We see this very tenet played out in theVerhoeven film. At first, the Federation doesn’t believe that
bugs are intelligent at all. But when
territory in AQZ (Arachnid Quarantine Zone) might be acquired by Earth, suddenly the
bugs are capable of hurling an asteroid directly at us, launching a
sneak-attack or war upon the human race. Ask yourself, if the bugs have no intelligence, how could they have possibly slingshot
that asteroid into Buenos Aires?

This question is never raised in the film, or by anyone in the Federation. Instead, we see news
footage of the city’s destruction. We see the body count tally on the screen,
going up, up and up into the millions. And then, quite simply, before we know anything about the enemy, we see
the call to action, the call to all-out war. Honor must be satisfied. Blood must be avenged.

Importantly, a journalist asks a question about the Bugs at one point. He wonders if it is possible that they have
responded in this bloody fashion because humans invaded their territory first. He similarly questions if negotiations can’t
begin, based on the things that the Bugs and the humans have in common
(implicitly, territoriality).

Rico’s response? “Kill them all.”

There will be no accommodation with this particular enemy. The jingoistic rhetoric
mounts (“we’re in this for the species,
boys and girls,”) and the mobile infantry invades the Bug solar
system. And yet the so-called meteor attack may not even
be an attack at all. But if it is an attack, it may be based on the same fears
regarding territory and dominion that our species frequently ponders. But no quarter will be given, and Bug Space
will soon be Human Space.

In school rooms across the planet, human students learn that bugs have “no intelligence” and that they are “evil.” And the propaganda industry begins broadcasting scenes that show
mobilization on the home front.

One very funny Federation propaganda video reveals children in a suburban neighborhood
going out in the street and stomping terrestrial bugs, while a happy Mother
claps and cheers, encouraged by the mindless hatred for anything insect-like.

Notice again that this isn't a defensive war launched by Earth to protect the planet or the homeland;
rather an offensive spearhead deep into Arachnid territory. The battle doesn't
even occur in neutral territory.The troopers fight them there so they won't have to fight them here, right?

The point is that the attack -- intentional or otherwise
-- is mere pretext, something a fascist government requires to keep the war machine oiled and
continuing...eternally.

We can tell fromStarshipTroopersthat Earth has become a fascist state
not just by Rasczak’s words and by the explicit nature of the war effort, but by the existence of thepropagandistFederal Network that controls all the
news broadcasts.

In describing a "WORLD
THAT WORKS,"a govt. propaganda film shows kindly
soldiers handing out giant machine guns and bullets -like
they're candy- to
smiling civilian children in a suburban neighborhood. The military is seen here
as a kind of helpful big brother; the first recourse when there's a crisis. They come bearing not food or shelter, but heavy arms.

Again,forget diplomacy, please.

Another propaganda film is called "CRIME AND PUNISHMENT" and it
informs us that a convicted criminal is arrested, tried and executedin
one day.Swift
justice? Ortoo-swift justice? Is there any longer a thing, in this state, known as due process?In a fascist
society, all dissenters are called "criminals" and dispatched quickly. Lest the government be threatened by facts or evidence.. Lest viewers get to hear an
argument that goes counter to government policy.

Another propaganda film in the movie is called "KNOW YOUR FOE,"which gives advice about how do successfully manage a kill shot on a bug.

And then, there's "I'M DOING MY PART," which shows young children in heavy combat armor and helmets and makes the case for obliterating the Bug Homeworld, for genocide.There's also "DO YOUR PART: COUNTDOWN
TO VICTORY” which assures the scared masses at home that no
matter how many soldiers die in the field of battle (308,000 die at theKlendathuencounter alone...), their country is
winning.

Facts -- and reality -- be damned. Just stay the bloody course.

So, whatVerhoevenhas accomplished here, in very dynamic and
memorable terms, is make the protagonists of his unique film -- thestarshiptroopers of the title -- part and parcel of an
autocratic, controlling, fascist society.

They are cogs in a fascist machine,
and these Federal Network "films" dotting the movie make us aware of
that fact. Again and again, but always humorously.

But that's not the only clue. The other obvious "tell"
inStarshipTroopersthatVerhoevenis making a statement about the perils
of blind nationalism comes from the wardrobe, the costuming choices. Just take a gander at the uniformNeil Patrick
Harriswears as he enters the
battleship near the end of the film. The black leather. The hat. The trench
coat. Look at all familiar to you?

Who does he resemble, this heroic representative of Earth's
"military intelligence" division?

There's no doubt: he looks like a Nazi, a Gestapo officer, specifically, and that's very much the metaphor here. Of course, Nazis were fascists, but also masters of
propaganda, so it's a strong historical allusion.

As for the cast? Dina Meyer, Denise Richards, Casper VanDienand
the like have been disparaged many times and in many places as callow andinsipidclothes-horses andWB Network stars-in-the-making. Indeed. I think that, on certain physical/visual level this is exactly right. They are all gorgeous.

In fact, I think this is precisely why they were cast in the first
place. Not a one of these protagonists seems very smart (Despite their test scores in Math). Not a one of them has
any depth. Let alone perspective or insight. They are all immature.

Yet these areexactlythe kind of people a fascist society
would want to see populate its citizenry. Callow folks who don't question
orders or the "way things are."
They gladly take orders and are easily riled to violence.

So even down to casting, Verhoevenhas pulled a fast one on his audience. What happens, one might ask, after a century of Paris Hilton/Kim Kardashian culture?

I submit that you end up with the characters of Starship Troopers: physically
beautiful nincompoops.Villageidiots all...just like the characters
in this film. They're tan, gorgeous, physically fit, and without a single
important thought in their pretty little heads.

And at least, from the government's standpoint, they're easy to
control.

As for the attack tactics dramatize in the film, well, it's true,
the Earth mobile infantry seems pretty lame and ineffective. The men and women
of these forces stand around and form circles carryingover-sizedmachine guns, and blast away
(wasting ammo...) at the indestructible bugs. It's not subtle, but this is
surely another way of indicating that to the fascist overlords, the common man
-- the grunt -- means absolutely nothing. They’re cannon fodder as likely to
shoot one another as they are the bugs. We need numbers, not sound strategy, dammit!

And, in verification of this notion, by the end of the film, the
government is recruiting twelve old kids.

To its credit, Starship Troopers also predicts one
of the absolute worst developments in the military and journalism: embedding
journalists with the troops, so that they owe their safety to the soldiers and
can’t be objective about the nature of the conflict, or the purpose behind
it. It is a journalist’s job to be
dispassionate and objective, but it’s hard to do that when soldiers are
physically protecting you from harm, and you come under fire.

Finally, Starship Troopers notes well how, in times of war, propaganda
helps to dehumanize our enemies. Our
opponents in combat become “savages,” and “brutal,” and “barbaric,” like they
are craven monsters…not actually fellow human beings with whom we have ideological differences. Starship Troopers provides the ultimate
example of this de-humanization: the enemies are, literally, monstrous insects. They are disgusting bugs, and so humans have no compunctions whatsoever about destroying them
utterly. These citizens of a totalitarian, highly-militarized state have been conditioned to believe the bugs are inferior to us, and
deserve to die. Again, you can go back
in history and look at descriptors such as Gooks, Charlie, Japs, Jerry, and
more to see how easy it is to slip into a slang that de-humanizes the
enemy, making them less than our equals.

Even outside the social critique, which is more relevant today after a decade of war in Iraq and Afghanistan than it was in 1997, Starship
Troopers really holds up. The
special effects remain, for the most part, astonishing. The scenes involving the Rodger Young in
space combat look staggeringly good. And I scanned and scanned for signs of fakery
with the rampaging hordes of bugs, only to not find many at all.

Over a decade ago, Verhoeven gave us a warning about the slippery
slope of totalitarianism and jingoistic, blind nationalism. It was in the form
of a silly, special-effects laden, gory outer space movie, and I guess it was pretty
easy to ignore or discount.

It’s not that easy to ignore anymore. The gap between the world of fictional exaggeration and the world of reality, as we also saw in RoboCop, seems to be shrinking at a terrifying rate.

6 comments:

I saw and enjoyed this in the theatre, and it was later the first DVD I purchased when I bought my player.The movie is an awesome visual & auditory spectacle to go along with the philosophy. It's sad that the movie has *more* impact in the post-9/11 world than it had on release.

A detail about the Bug War - the humans that originally encroached on Arachnid territory are noted as "Mormon Separatists". Plausible deniability for the Federation government? Humanity invades the AQZ after the meteor impact on Buenos Aries, not the slaughter of the Port Joe Smith colonists. Perhaps it was "two birds with one stone" for the Federation. Speaking of one stone, the film actually presents *zero* evidence that the meteor was launched by the Arachnids. They do reference the "Bug Plasma", but I see no way that the anti-aircraft style Bug Plasma could send a asteroid across the galaxy to hit Earth, with no guidance system. In the novel, the Arachnids had technology, spacecraft, weapons, etc. The movie Arachnids seem to have purely bio-adaptations.

My only question regarding STARSHIP TROOPERS is why are they armed with weapons that fire bullets and not laser energy weapons as in STAR TREK, LOST IN SPACE, STAR WARS, MOONRAKER, SPACE:1999, BATTLESTAR GALACTICA et.al. ?

I've been meaning to pick up this film on Blu Ray for some time. My memory is that the attack on Buenos Aires was vague enough to imply that it was arranged as an excuse by Earth's government to launch an attack on the aliens. Thank You Anna Elizabeth for pointing that out - I wasn't sure if I had remembered incorrectly. Like I said, I need to see it again!Steve

About John

award-winning author of 27 books including Horror Films FAQ (2013), Horror Films of the 1990s (2011), Horror Films of the 1980s (2007), TV Year (2007), The Rock and Roll Film Encyclopedia (2007), Mercy in Her Eyes: The Films of Mira Nair (2006),, Best in Show: The Films of Christopher Guest and Company (2004), The Unseen Force: The Films of Sam Raimi (2004), An Askew View: The Films of Kevin Smith (2002), The Encyclopedia of Superheroes on Film & Television (2004), Exploring Space:1999 (1997), An Analytical Guide to TV's Battlestar Galactica (1998), Terror Television (2001), Space:1999 - The Forsaken (2003) and Horror Films of the 1970s (2002).

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