February 21, 2017

Here I present you a new, different way to review contents using some of the most famous songs versions. In this case you can watch historical reviews from units 9 to 11.
Do you like Karaoke?........sing, learn, remember and enjoy!!

February 12, 2017

February 08, 2017

Let´s check the evolution of urbanism in three cities of Castilla and León. In this case we will compare the evolution between 1956 (american flight) and 2015 (satellite imagery). Click on the names to see the maps

January 21, 2016

A chilling prehistoric ‘war grave’ containing
the smashed remains of hunter-gatherers is the first evidence of a human
massacre and demonstrates the terrifying aggression of early man.The fossilised bones of a group of 27 hunter-gatherers,who were murdered 10,000 years ago, was discovered at Nataruk near Lake Turkana in Kenya.Four victims, including one heavily pregnant woman were bound by the
hands and feet before they was slaughtered. The others showed signs of
extreme violence and some had blades and arrows still buried in their
skulls.

The origins of human aggression are controversial, with many
archaeologists believing that hunter-gatherers were largely peaceful,
and did not resort to warfare until after the agricultural revolution,
when groups grew jealous of the land and possessions of their rivals.
Before the find, the earliest war grave was in Darmstadt, Germany, and dated to around 5000BC.

But the new site suggests that early man was also capable of acts of
extreme violence. Researchers believe the Nataruk massacre is the
earliest scientifically-dated historical evidence of human conflict.

Study author Professor Robert Foley, also from Cambridge’s Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies
said the findings show that violence is as much part of the human
character as the altruism which allowed us to be the most cooperative
species on the planet.“I’ve no doubt it is in our biology to be aggressive and lethal, just as it is to be deeply caring and loving,” he said.“A lot of what we understand about human evolutionary biology suggests these are two sides of the same coin.” The 27 skeletons included at least eight women and six children.
Twelve of the skeletons were relatively complete, and showed clear signs
of a violent death, including smashed skulls and cheekbones, broken
hands, ribs and knees and evidence of arrow wounds to their necks.

Arrow
tips were lodged in the skull and chest of two men.Several of the skeletons were found face down with the faces smashed, possibly by wooden clubs, and none had been buried.“The deaths at Nataruk are testimony to the antiquity of inter-group
violence and war,” said lead author Dr Marta Mirazón Lahr. “These human remains record the intentional killing of a small band of
foragers with no deliberate burial, and provide unique evidence that
warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among some
prehistoric hunter-gatherers.”

Archaeologists believe the
victims represent an extended family who were attacked and killed by a
rival group of prehistoric foragers. The massacre is likely to have occurred between 9,500 to 10,500 years
ago, around the start of the Holocene: the geological epoch that
followed the last Ice Age.At that time the area around Nataruk
was a fertile lakeshore bordered by marshland and forest giving
covetable access to drinking water and fish.

“The Nataruk
massacre may have resulted from an attempt to seize resources –
territory, women, children, food stored in pots – whose value was
similar to those of later food-producing agricultural societies, among
whom violent attacks on settlements became part of life,” added Mirazón
Lahr.“This would extend the history of the same underlying
socio-economic conditions that characterise other instances of early
warfare: a more settled, materially richer way of life. “. Antagonism between hunter-gatherer groups in recent history often
resulted in men being killed, with women and children subsumed into the
victorious group. At Nataruk, however, it seems few, if any, were
spared. The remains of a six-to-nine month-old foetus were recovered from within the abdominal cavity of one of the women.

One adult male skeleton had an obsidian ‘bladelet’ still embedded in
his skull. It didn’t perforate the bone, but another lesion suggests a
second weapon did, crushing the entire right-front part of the head and
face.“The man appears to have been hit in the head by at least
two projectiles and in the knees by a blunt instrument, falling face
down into the lagoon’s shallow water,” said Mirazón Lahr. Another adult male took two blows to the head – one above the right eye,
the other on the left side of the skull – both crushing his skull at
the point of impact, causing it to crack in different directions.

July 21, 2015

May 27, 2015

We´ve been working hard on Renaissance Art ...now it´s time for fun but also to learn something else. Why don´t you try this fancy game about painters?? be Leonardo da Vinci or Andrea Verrochio and try to earn money taking assignments from different patrons.....enjoy!!

December 18, 2014

As I told you at class, here you have the two parts in which the movie was divided. It´s very long, so my advice is: watch it like a TV show, a little bit every day (for example, taking as reference the different stages of the French Revolution). And don´t forget to enjoy!. You are making history!