The rewrite logs indicate neither /typo3conf/ext/templavoila/mod1/index.php nor /typo3/ajax.php goes through index.php which is right. so no problem. In your original post, request to /typo3/ajax.php returns HTTP 200. that's good. /typo3conf/ext/templavoila/mod1/index.php returns HTTP 403 (permission denied) not timeout like 5xx. Just double check if the 403 error is the timeout you mentioned.