Global
cooling since WWII

IntroductionPreamble

These
days we talk about warming caused by greenhouse gases released due to
human activities. Actually no serious person has any doubt that
temperatures are noticeably higher than hundreds of years ago. Thus the
matter should not be neglected. We should not neglect either the point
on how climate change became a matter of concern 30 years ago. In
January 1972, a working conference of top European
and American investigators was convened at Brown University to discuss
“The Present Interglacial, How and when will it End?”[1] Soon fashionable panic was about global
cooling. In 1974, Fortunemagazine warned that the temperatures had
already dropped with about 2.7° F (ca.
1,5°C) since the 1940s. Newsweek magazine published the article “The
Cooling World”[2]
from which the following remarks are taken:

“There
are ominous signs that the Earth’s weather patterns have begun to
change dramatically and that these changes may portend a drastic decline
in food production – with serious political implications for just
about every nation on Earth.

A
survey completed last year by Dr. Murray Mitchell of the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reveals a drop of half a degree
in average groundtemperatures in the
Northern Hemisphere, between 1945 and 1968.Just what causes the onset of major and
minor ice ages remains a mystery.

Climatologists
are pessimistic that political leaders will take any positive action to
compensate for the climatic change, or even to allay its effects. The
longer the planners delay, the more difficult will they find it to cope
with climatic change once the results become grim reality.”

Recent
scientific conclusions still remain unclear? Many articles caused panic
at that time. The New York Times[3]
reported that science saw many signs that Earth may be heading for
another ice age, while Science magazine[4]
published findings that Northern Hemisphere might face extensive
glaciations, and regarded a return of Ice Age as very possible.TIME
magazine claimed[5]
that climatological cassandras are becoming increasingly scared about
their cooling trend findings, which may be the signal of another ice
age.

It
is interesting that neither then nor since the 1970s, global cooling
that started in 1940 was ever linked to naval warfare during World War
II. It is even more interesting that neither IPCC nor other groups
pressing the global warming issue ever showed interest in analysing the
fact of pronounced global cooling during the last century in the first
place.

Global
cooling during last century

Having
gone through three chilling war winters in Europe (1939-1942), world
community was ready to go into an even much bigger climate change
experiment. With Japan’s ambush at Pearl Harbor by dozen of ships and
hundreds of bomber air planes, on the 7th of December 1941, a
new chapter of anthropogenic climate change started and lasted about
four to five years until most of the sea mine fields had been eliminated
in 1946/47. Mission was soon accomplished. Climate shifted very
pronouncedly into a colder status, for four decades

Although
the naval war in the North Pacific took place only in the western
part East of Hawaii, the sea current system ‘distributed’ the
war impact throughout the Pacific Ocean north of the equator. B/W
p. 208

.

By
conducting a naval war at a global scale and by turning and churning
huge sea areas of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean, the inevitable
happened. Oceans and seas turned a strong warming period since World War
I in a modest but nevertheless

Only
a extreme thin sea surface layer has temperatures above 10ºC ,
see graph on Central North Pacific from the Continental Shelf of
the Aleutian to the Equator. An average global ocean temperature
is

ca.
5 ºCelsius; B/W p. 201, 207

very
significant colder period that lasted for almost half a century. Mankind
had changed climate after World War I a second time[6].
Actually the experiment had started precisely on the 1st of
September 1939. Hitler’s war machinery put so much stress on Northern
Europe’ seas and environment that within four months the area was
catapulted back in the Little Ice Age, and experienced the coldest
winter for over 100 years. North and Baltic Sea were deprived of their
usual winter capacity during three war winters in a row, from 1939–1942.
Consequences have been described in detail in previous chapters. However,
during the third arctic war winter (1941/42) in Europe, naval war was
turned into a global matter.

Any
correct answer to the question ‘what turned climate in a several
decades long cooling phase’ would have huge political consequences.
Carbon dioxide, which IPCC regards as the major contributor for ‘global
warming’, can definitely be excluded as initiator and sustainers of
global cooling from about 1940 until 1980. Who did it then? No one ever
observed that, at the end of the third decade (1930s) or at the
beginning of the fourth decade, nature did nothing exceptional, for
example, earthquake, tsunami, meteorite, exceptional sunspots, etc.
Actually, there was nothing of such kind; nature resumed
its normal course. Industrial plants and combustion machines released
abundantly smoke, soot, sulphate, carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere, but instead of getting warmer, the world
cooled down. It can be concluded with high confidence that none of the
mentioned climatically ‘external’ forces caused the shift toward
colling.

If
external matters did not determine the cooling, only internal matters
could have done it. If one defines climate as the continuation of the
oceans by other means (vapour instead of water), oceans and seas are
definitely the only source that could and have made climate changing
into a cooling down period of four decades. Once questions are settled
in, only two options remain to discuss:

Oceans
and seas run their “business” according to their physical
conditions, without being seriously affected or influenced by
external or global physical events, or by any impact of a several
years long naval war.

Naval
war changed the structure and composition of seas and oceans in a
way that made global climate cool down for several decades.

This
investigation offers as most likely causation for the significant down
turn of temperatures from 1940 until 1980 the war at sea aspect. There
are good reasons to point at naval warfare. Previous sections
established convincingly that naval warfare in North Sea, Baltic Sea and
Eastern North Atlantic generated three extreme war winters in North
Europe, establishing evidently a direct connection between war and
weather modification. If regional naval warfare can change regional
climate, global naval warfare can change global climate. However,
demonstrating the latter case is not as easy as it was possible in the
former case.

What
makes our discussions on global climate changes due to naval warfare
even more difficult is the fact that isolating global matters to only
the winter season is not an option. The physical features of ocean space
and regional seas in question are too different. The same happens in the
case of a geographical location, volume of water masses, and any
seasonal distinction. What actually did happen to ocean space according
time, location, and amount of explosives and naval ship movements is
known too few people. How did it change the structure of the sea surface
and affected the water body? But no aspect is so dominating as to offer
an answer to the question: What forced the oceans to cool down the
climate for almost half a century, just 65 years ago?

Approach
of section

To
establish a link between naval war during WWII and global climate change,
the destructive forces unlashed between 1939 and 1945 will be presented
in a concise manner. The aim is to demonstrate that, due to the complete
lack of any natural event during the relevant time period, only war at
sea remains a plausible explanation because it was a sufficient force to
play in the league of major natural phenomena. A subsequent section will
summarize some principle physical and geographical features of war areas
in the Atlantic and Pacific for the better understanding of the highly
presumable relation between ocean reactions and naval activities, with
the aim of showing that there is no better answer than this one yet.
After all, climate research should restrain from scaring anyone with
global warming if not able to explain convincingly what made earth
atmosphere cooler for four decades since WWII commenced.

In
1988, the eminent scientist Jean M. Grove wrote[7]:
“Evidently it will be necessary to understand the climate of the deep
oceans before a full understanding of changes in the atmosphere can be
achieved". Naval war did many things across all ocean space and
ocean depths.

Even
the collection of sea surface temperature measurements taken during
World War II were severely affected by various reasons and should only
be used with outmost reservation[8].

[1]
Robert W. Reeves, Daphne Gemmill, Robert E. Livezey, and James Laver (NOAA),
Global Cooling and the Cold War – And a Chilly Beginning for the
United States’ Climate Analysis Center? Year:?, (as PDF on www)