Terms

A security measure designed to protect a
communications system against acceptance of a fraudulent transmission or
simulation by establishing the validity of a transmission, message, or
originator.

BREVITY CODE.

A code which provides no security but which has as its
sole purpose the shortening of messages rather than the concealment of their
content.

COMMUNICATIONS-ELECTRONICS OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS (CEOI).

(See
signal operation instructions.)

COMMUNICATIONS INTELLIGENCE (COMINT).

Intelligence and technical
information derived from foreign communications by other than the intended
recipients.

COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY (COMSEC).

The protection resulting from all
measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value which
might be derived from the possession and study of telecommunications, or to
mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the results of such
possession and study.

DECEPTION.

Those measures designed to mislead the enemy by
manipulation, distortion, or falsification of evidence in order to induce him
to react in a manner prejudicial to his interests.

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM.

The frequencies present in a given
electromagnetic radiation. A particular spectrum could include a single
frequency or a wide range of frequencies.

ELECTRONIC COUNTER-COUNTERMEASURES (ECCM).

That major subdivision of
electronic warfare involving actions taken to retain friendly effective use
of the electromagnetic spectrum.

ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURES (ECM).

That division of electronic warfare
involving actions taken to prevent or reduce an enemy's effective use of the
electromagnetic spectrum.

ELECTRONIC WARFARE (EW).

Military action involving the use of
electromagnetic energy to determine, exploit, reduce, or prevent hostile use
of the electromagnetic spectrum and action which retains friendly use of the
electromagnetic spectrum. Electronic warfare is divided into three
categories - ESM, ECM, ECCM.

ELECTRONIC WARFARE SUPPORT MEASURES (ESM).

That division of
electronic warfare involving actions taken under the direct control of an
operational commander to search for, intercept, locate, and identify sources
of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat
recognition.

EMISSION CONTROL.

The management of the use of the electromagnetic
spectrum by our forces.

ENCRYPT.

To convert plain text into unintelligible form by means of a
cryptosystem. This cryptosystem can be manual or electronic.

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF FRIENDLY INFORMATION (EEFI).

Items or
activities associated with friendly planning which, if exposed to hostile
intelligence activities, would serve as intelligence indicators and thus tend
to compromise friendly intentions.

GUARDED FREQUENCIES.

Frequencies restricted from friendly use or
jamming operations. Guarded frequencies are the enemy's communications and
electronics systems from which signals intelligence (SIGINT) and ESM
information of tactical and technical importance is derived.

INTERCEPTION.

As used in this manual, the act of listening to and/or
recording signals intended for another party for the purpose of obtaining
intelligence.

INTERFERENCE.

Any electrical disturbance which causes undesirable
responses in electronic equipment.

INTRUSION.

The intentional insertion of electromagnetic energy into
transmission paths in any manner with the objective of deceiving operators or
of causing confusion.

JAMMING.

The deliberate radiation, reradiation, or reflection of
electromagnetic energy with the object of impairing the use of electronic
devices, equipment, or systems being used by an enemy.

JOINT INTEROPERABILITY OF TACTICAL COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
(JINTACCS).

A program which provides for information exchange on the
battlefield among the military services, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and
the National Security Agency. It uses standardized message formats, rules,
and vocabulary. (Reference DA Pam 25-7.)

MEACONING.

The transmission or retransmission of actual or simulated
navigation signals to confuse navigation. Meaconing stations cause
inaccurate bearings to be obtained by aircraft or ground stations.

NET CONTROL STATION (NCS).

A station designated to control traffic
and enforce circuit discipline within a given net.

OPERATIONS CODE (OPCODE).

A code used to encrypt tactical
information.

OPERATIONS SECURITY (OPSEC).

The process of denying adversaries
information about friendly capabilities and intentions by identifying,
controlling, and protecting indicators associated with planning and
conducting military operations and other activities.

OPERATIONS SECURITY INDICATORS.

Actions or information, classified or
unclassified, obtainable by an adversary that would result in adversary
appreciations, plans, and actions harmful to achieving friendly intentions
and preserving friendly military capabilities.

PREVENTIVE ECCM TECHNIQUES.

Those measures taken to reduce the
vulnerability of the friendly use of the electromagnetic spectrum to the
efforts by the enemy to disrupt or destroy that use.

PROCEDURE WORD (PROWORD).

A word or phrase limited to radio telephone
procedure used to facilitate communications by conveying information in a
condensed standard form. (Reference ACP 125.)

PROTECTED FREQUENCIES.

Frequencies used by tactical friendly forces
for a particular operational requirement that are restricted from friendly
jamming operations.

RADIO LISTENING SILENCE.

A period during which all or certain radio
equipment is kept in a receive only mode on a given net except for the net
control station.

RADIO SILENCE.

A period during which all or certain radio equipment
capable of radiation is kept inoperative.

REMEDIAL ECCM TECHNIQUES.

Those actions taken to reduce or negate the
effectiveness of enemy efforts to jam the friendly use of the electromagnetic
spectrum.

SIGNAL OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS (SOI).

A series of orders issued for
the technical control and coordination of the signal activities of a command.
Contains frequencies, call signs, and other information used to establish and
maintain radio and other forms of communication.

SIGNAL-TO-JAMMING RATIO.

The ratio at a selected point in a signal of
the strength of a desired signal to that of a jamming signal.

SINGLE-CHANNEL GROUND AND AIRBORNE RADIO SYSTEM (SINCGARS).

A new
family of VHF-FM radios designed to provide the primary means of command and
control for Infantry, Armor, and Artillery units. The radios can transmit and
receive voice and tactical data while operating in a frequency hopping mode.

TABOO FREQUENCIES.

Frequencies that are restricted from use or
jamming by friendly forces. The following are some examples of these
frequencies. Defense Communications System radar frequencies used for
friendly early warning air defense; internationally controlled or
treaty-governed frequencies, such as broadcast emergency frequencies and
commercial air and shipping traffic control frequencies.

VOICE TEMPLATES.

Standardized pre-formatted messages used with the
JINTACCS message text procedures.