Bankhead T and Chaconas G. The role of VlsE antigenic variation in the Lyme disease spirochete: persistence through a mechanism that differs from other pathogens. Molecular Microbiology 2007; 65: 1547-1558.

Bayer ME, Zhang L, Bayer MH. Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in the urine of treated patients with chronic Lyme disease symptoms. A PCR study of 97 cases. Infection 1996; 24: 347-353. [97 patients who had been treated with antibiotics for extended periods of time and had symptoms of chronic Lyme were PCR-positive.]

Burrascano J. Failure of aggressive antibiotic therapy to protect the placenta from invasion by B. burgdorferi in a pregnant patient with Lyme borreliosis. 6th Annual International Science Conference on Lyme Disease and other Tick-borne Diseases.1993.

Miklossy, J. 2011. Alzheimer’s disease—a neurospirochetosis. Analysis of the evidence following Koch’s and Hill’s criteria. Journal of Neuroinflammation 8:90. [Spirochetes were observed in the brain in more that 90% of Alzheimer’s disease. Persistence occurs when spirochetes change physical characteristics by converting to dormant cysts.]

Sung SY, McDowell JV, Carlyon JA, and Marconi RT. Mutation and recombination in the upstream homology box-flanked ospE-related genes of the Lyme disease spirochetes result in the development of new antigenic variants during infection. Infect Immun 2000; 68; 1319-1327.

hello Elisa. wonderful wonderful list of studies. But I have a question. you call this ” list for persistent infection of Borreliosis(Lyme).
Im so sorry and I do not mean disrespect but this is not such a list. Some information from Canada is very reliable, other is not because they take it from unreliable American sources.
Ive seen this list on other sites.
sadly, many studies arent even about persistence. In my own opinion, this is why we are still fighting to get respect and Drs to listen. we have person saying ”look here is proof of persistence” and then show a list that is mostly not even about that persistence. How can they take us seriously?

here are just a few studies that dont show persistence or is even about it:
3. Aberer–only talks about how the EM rash changes in Lyme. it doesnt EVER mention persistence or that its possible. and since many patients dont even GET the rash…its not even a good article to apply for majority of patients

5. Aberer–is about how there is no one pattern to spirochetes in the skin. FWIW Abere was concentrating on dermatology, and the things you can see in the skin with Lyme infx. whether there is or is not persistence isnt a question he addressed, to my knowledge

7. Albert–talks about ”latency” NOT persistence! 2 different things medcially. and it states the child was given Trimeth/sulfa–not how much or for how long. is this a case of undertreatment or really no treatment?
was he again bitten? is this his immune response to proteins that remain or truly spirochetes still there after proper treatment ( which is what persistence is)

238. Steere- this is about persistent SYMPTOMS and even developing neuroborreliosis after treating for Lyme arthritis. we have to be very careful because this study doesnt show persistent INFECTION. ( I actually believe there is ongoing infection, but my opinion wont count)
the patients in this study are being defined as perhaps having immune system and genetic problems making symptoms likely to stay even after abx

228 Schwann. Ive seen this one many times!! and too many persons just dont understand. This study ONLY explains a theory why the OSP changes. it does not even look at what that means. ( what happens after the changes). this is a simple study-it states Borrelia surface proteins change–OSPA to C.so lets see if there is reason why. and they found TEMPERATURE to be one environmental cue.the 2nd environmental cue they found was tick feeding. This change of outer surface protein explains how or why they can infect mammals and humans. it does NOT show a thing re persistence or even what happens after theyre inside/have infected..

you see, I DO know there is persistence–for some patients and under some conditions. But if we are to have that viewpoint accepted, I feel that we need to be very careful about which studies we wave about to show this.
we cannot IMO wave about a study about peaches if we are trying to show that Apples are good for our health.

Id like to ask you to go through this list, each and every study, and then tell us what the summary and abstract is, and what the study is really telling us. what they looked for or tested and then what they concluded.
Everyone in States and even Canada refuse to do this. I myself have little health to do it other than random few.
everyone makes the mistake of taking lists and passing them around without checking first.

the few times Ive looked through the lists, they are bad because too many arent even about what the list is supposed to be showing

this is a wonderful list of studies about Lyme, though and can be helpful for education.
also Elisa, I have taken some time to read your blog with help of google translate and I think its great of you to try and educate others!
have a very nice day!( or night–Im not sure what time it is in your country)