Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is a standardized, lossy compression and encoding scheme for digital audio. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves better sound quality than MP3 at similar bit rates. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Audio_Coding">Wikipedia article: AAC</a>)

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AACR2 stands for the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition. It is published jointly by the American Library Association, the Canadian Library Association, and the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals in the UK. The editor is Michael Gorman, a British-born librarian living in the Chicago area and honored by both the ALA and CILIP. AACR2 is designed for use in the construction of catalogues and other lists in general libraries of all sizes. The rules cover the description of, and the provision of access points for, all library materials commonly collected at the present time. Despite the claim to be 'Anglo-American', the first edition of AACR was published in 1967 in somewhat distinct North American and British texts. The second edition of 1978 unified the two sets of rules (adopting the British spelling 'cataloguing') and brought them in line with the International Standard Bibliographic Description. Libraries wishing to migrate from the previous North American text were obliged to implement 'desuperimposition', a substantial change in the form of headings for corporate bodies. As well as occasional minor amendments, a broader revision was completed in July 2010 in which the rules are more consistent and coherent, informed by the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. This new cataloging code has been released as Resource Description and Access and is currently undergoing testing at a number of universities as well as the Library of Congress. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AACR2">Wikipedia article: Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules</a>)

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Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a product, device, service, or environment is available to as many people as possible. Accessibility can be viewed as the "ability to access" and possible benefit of some system or entity. Accessibility is often used to focus on people with disabilities or special needs and their right of access to entities, often through use of assistive technology. Accessibility is often abbreviated to the numeronym a11y, where the number 11 refers to the number of letters omitted. This parallels the abbreviations of internationalization and localization as i18n and l10n respectively. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility">Wikipedia article: Accessibility</a>)

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Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) is the product of the ADL Initiative, established in 1997 to standardize and modernize training and education management and delivery. The Department of Defense (DoD) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (OUSD P&R) oversees the ADL Initiative. The vision of the ADL Initiative is to provide access to the highest-quality learning and performance aiding that can be tailored to individual needs and delivered cost-effectively, at the right time and in the right place. The ADL Initiative developed SCORM and the ADL Registry. ADL uses structured and collaborative methods to convene multi-national groups from industry, academia, and government who develop the learning standards, tools, and content. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Distributed_Learning">Wikipedia article: Advanced Distributed Learning</a>)

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Adobe Acrobat is a family of application software developed by Adobe Systems to view, create, manipulate, print and manage files in Portable Document Format (PDF). All members of the family, except Adobe Reader (formerly Acrobat Reader), are commercial software; Adobe Reader however, is available as freeware and can be downloaded from Adobe's web site. Adobe Reader enables users to view and print PDF files but has negligible PDF creation capabilities. Acrobat and Reader are widely used as a way to present information with a fixed layout similar to a paper publication. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat">Wikipedia article: Adobe Acrobat</a>)

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In computing, a feed aggregator, also known as a feed reader, news reader, RSS reader or simply aggregator, is client software or a Web application which aggregates syndicated web content such as news headlines, blogs, podcasts, and vlogs in a single location for easy viewing. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_aggregator">Wikipedia article: Aggregation</a>). See our <a href="/disambiguation">disambiguation glossary</a> for explanations of how 'Aggregation' is used in various contexts.

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Agile software development is a group of software development methodologies based on iterative and incremental development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional teams. The Agile Manifesto introduced the term in 2001. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development">Wikipedia article: Agile development</a>)

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Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) is an audio file format standard used for storing sound data for personal computers and other electronic audio devices. The format was co-developed by Apple Computer in 1988 based on Electronic Arts' Interchange File Format (IFF, widely used on Amiga systems) and is most commonly used on Apple Macintosh computer systems. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiff">Wikipedia article: AIFF</a>)

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Ajax (shorthand for asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a group of interrelated web development methods used on the client-side to create interactive web applications. With Ajax, web applications can retrieve data from the server asynchronously in the background without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. Data is usually retrieved using the XMLHttpRequest object. Despite the name, the use of XML is not needed, and the requests need not be asynchronous. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_(programming)">Wikipedia article: Ajax</a>)

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In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning. In simple words an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Starting from an initial state and initial input (perhaps empty), the instructions describe a computation that, when executed, will proceed through a finite number of well-defined successive states, eventually producing "output" and terminating at a final ending state. The transition from one state to the next is not necessarily deterministic; some algorithms, known as randomized algorithms, incorporate random input. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm">Wikipedia article: Algotithm</a>)

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Altmetrics are new metrics proposed as an alternative to the widely used journal impact factor and personal citation indices like the h-index. The term altmetrics was proposed in 2010, as a generalization of article level metrics, and has its roots in the twitter #altmetrics hashtag. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altmetrics">Wikipedia article: Altmetrics</a>)

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Amazon Web Services (abbreviated AWS) is a collection of remote computing services (also called web services) that together make up a cloud computing platform, offered over the Internet by Amazon.com. The most central and well-known of these services are Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3. Launched in July 2002, Amazon Web Services provide online services for other web sites or client-side applications. Most of these services are not exposed directly to end users, but instead offer functionality that other developers can use in their applications. Amazon Web Services’ offerings are accessed over HTTP, using REST and SOAP protocols. All services are billed based on usage, but how usage is measured for billing varies from service to service. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services">Wikipedia article: Amazon Web Services</a>)

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An amplified event exploits various technologies to extend the reach of an event. This can include: enhancing discussions at the event through use of technologies such as Twitter; enhancing access to talks to remote audiences through video or audio streaming; 'time-shifting' access to resources. (Excerpt from <a href="http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/events/2011/03/jisc11goodybag/sess... source</a>)

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Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Google Inc. purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005. Android's mobile operating system is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel. Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance collaborated on Android's development and release. The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android. The Android operating system is the world's best-selling Smartphone platform. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)">Wikipedia article: Android (operating system)</a>)

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The Apache HTTP Server, commonly referred to as Apache, is web server software notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web. In 2009 it became the first web server software to surpass the 100 million website milestone. Apache was the first viable alternative to the Netscape Communications Corporation web server (currently known as Oracle iPlanet Web Server), and has since evolved to rival other web servers in terms of functionality and performance. Typically Apache is run on a Unix-like operating system. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server">Wikipedia article: Apache HTTP Server</a>)

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The Apache License is a copyfree free software license authored by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). The Apache License requires preservation of the copyright notice and disclaimer. All software produced by the ASF or any of its projects or subjects is licensed according to the terms of the Apache License. Some non-ASF software is also licensed using the Apache License. As of November 2010, over 6000 projects located at SourceForge.net were available under the terms of the Apache License. In a blog post from May 2008 Google mentioned that 25,000 out of the 100,000 projects then hosted on Google Code were using the Apache License. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_License">Wikipedia article: Apache licenses</a>)

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An application programming interface (API) is a particular set of rules and specifications that a software program can follow to access and make use of the services and resources provided by another particular software program that implements that API. It serves as an interface between different software programs and facilitates their interaction, similar to the way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface">Wikipedia article: API</a>)

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In computer science, an application profile is a set of metadata elements, policies, and guidelines defined for a particular application. The elements may be from one or more element sets, thus allowing a given application to meet its functional requirements by using metadata from several element sets including locally defined sets. For example, a given application might choose a subset of the Dublin Core that meets its needs, or may include elements from the Dublin Core, another element set, and several locally defined elements, all combined in a single schema. An application profile is not complete without documentation that defines the policies and best practices appropriate to the application. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_profile">Wikipedia article: Application profile</a>)

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ArchiMate is an open and independent enterprise architecture modelling language to support the description, analysis and visualization of architecture within and across business domains in an unambiguous way. ArchiMate is a technical standard from the Open Group and is based on the concepts of the IEEE 1471 standard. It is supported by various tool vendors and consulting firms. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArchiMate">Wikipedia article: ArchiMate</a>)

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