Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Yale University professor Robert Shiller, famous for his warnings of the housing and Internet bubbles, is one of three Americans who were awarded the Nobel Prize in economics on Monday, October 14. The Nobel committee recognized Shiller and University of Chicago professors Eugene Fama and Lars Peter Hansen for their work on the pricing of financial assets.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Hansen is congratulated by a friend Monday, October 14, after learning he had won the Nobel Prize. Hansen, Shiller and Fama concluded that while predicting the short-term price of stocks and bonds is virtually impossible, it is possible to forecast over longer periods.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Fama prepares to leave his home to teach his morning class after learning he had won the Nobel Prize on Monday, October 14.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Director General Ahmet Uzumcu of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons comments on the organization being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize during a press conference in The Hague, Netherlands, on Friday, October 11. The organization won the Nobel Peace Prize for its efforts to help eliminate the Syrian army's stockpiles of poison gas and it's long-time efforts to eliminate chemical weapons and weapons of mass destruction.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Canadian short story writer Alice Munro, 82, was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature on Thursday, October 10. Here, Munro faces reporters after receiving the Man Booker International Prize in Dublin, Ireland, in June 2009.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – In awarding her the Nobel Prize, the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences called Munro the "master of the contemporary short story." The prize committee compared her to the 19th-century Russian great Anton Chekhov. "Munro is acclaimed for her finely tuned storytelling, which is characterized by clarity and psychological realism," the committee said.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Arieh Warshel, a University of Southern California professor of chemistry and biochemistry, at his Los Angeles home on Wednesday, October 9, after learning the Nobel Prize in chemistry had been awarded to him, Martin Karplus and Michael Levitt. The three received the honor for their work in creating complex computer programs used to display intricate models of molecules.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Martin Karplus describes molecular behavior as he speaks to reporters at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, after being awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry on October 9. The three men's work allows researchers to study chemical reactions, which take place very quickly, at a slower pace using a computer.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Biophysicist Michael Levitt at a news conference after winning the Nobel Prize in chemistry on October 9 at Stanford University in Stanford, California. The computer programs the men created eliminate the need for some lab testing. One example would be helping to reduce the necessity of testing a new drug on animals,

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – François Englert, left and colleague Peter Higgs received the 2013 Nobel Prize in physics for their research on a mechanism that explains why matter in the universe has mass. The physicists predicted the existence of the Higgs boson particle nearly 50 years before its discovery.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Confirmation of the Higgs boson helped resolve a longstanding puzzle in the Standard Model of particle physics, a theory that lays out the basics of how elementary particles and forces interact in the universe. This image of a proton-proton collision produced in the Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland shows characteristics in line with the decay of a Higgs boson, helping prove the particle's existence.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Yale University professor James Rothman, pictured, shared the Nobel Prize in medicine with Randy Schekman of the University of California, Berkeley, and Dr. Thomas Sudhof of Stanford University for their discoveries of how the body's cells decide when and where to deliver the molecules they produce. Rothman detailed how protein machinery allows vesicles in cells to fuse with their targets to permit the transfer of molecular cargo

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Stanford University professor Thomas Sudhof talks with a journalist in Baeza, Spain, on October 7. The trio's discovery will help provide insights into diabetes, immune disorders and other diseases.

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Nobel Prize winners of 2013 – Randy Schekman speaks at the University of California, Berkeley, on October 7 after learning he and two others had won the Nobel Prize in medicine.

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Story highlights

She writes about "ordinary Canadian people" and "turns it into magic," publisher says

Canada's prime minister congratulates Munro

A story from one of her collections is the basis of a film

Munro, who lives in southwestern Ontario, is compared to Anton Chekhov

Canada's Alice Munro -- called the "master of the contemporary short story" -- won the 2013 Nobel Prize in literature, the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences announced Thursday.

The prize committee compared the 82-year-old author to Anton Chekhov, the 19th century Russian who is considered one of the greatest short story writers in history.

She's the first Canadian-based writer to win the literature award. Saul Bellow, who won it in 1976, was born in Quebec but moved to the United States as a child and is regarded as a U.S. author.

Munro is the 13th woman to receive the literature prize.

"On behalf of all Canadians," Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper said in a tweet, "congratulations to Alice Munro."

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Alice Munro wins literature Nobel Prize

After the prestigious award was announced, the Nobel committee said on Twitter that it hadn't been able to contact Munro and left a phone message to tell her the good news. But The Canadian Press contacted her, and she was quoted as saying the award was "quite wonderful" and she was "terribly surprised."

"I knew I was in the running, yes, but I never thought I would win," she said, according to a Toronto Star story quoting The Canadian Press.

"I am amazed and very grateful. I am particularly glad that winning this award will please so many Canadians. I'm happy that this will bring more attention to Canadian writing," she said, according to Gibson.

Munro's work long has been likened to Chekhov's. Another acclaimed author, American Cynthia Ozick, has referred to Munro as "our Chekhov."

The Nobel committee noted that "some critics consider Munro a Canadian Chekhov."

"Munro is acclaimed for her finely tuned storytelling, which is characterized by clarity and psychological realism," the committee said.

"Her stories are often set in small town environments, where the struggle for a socially acceptable existence often results in strained relationships and moral conflicts -- problems that stem from generational differences and colliding life ambitions.

"Her texts often feature depictions of everyday but decisive events, epiphanies of a kind, that illuminate the surrounding story and let existential questions appear in a flash of lightning," the committee said.

The author has won many honors over the years, including the 2009 Man Booker International Prize.

"Alice Munro is mostly known as a short story writer and yet she brings as much depth, wisdom and precision to every story as most novelists bring to a lifetime of novels. To read Alice Munro is to learn something every time that you never thought of before," the Man Booker judging panel said at the time.

Lives near her childhood home

Munro, who lives in the southwestern Ontario town of Clinton, was born near there in Wingham, where her father was a fox farmer and her mother was a teacher.

She started writing stories in her teen years and studied journalism and English at the University of Western Ontario.

Munro took a breather from her studies when she got married in 1951. She and her husband moved to Victoria, British Columbia, and opened a bookstore.

She published in various magazines starting in the 1950s. In 1968, she published "Dance of the Happy Shades," a book-length collection of short stories.

"In 1971 she published a collection of stories entitled Lives of Girls and Women, which critics have described as a Bildungsroman," or a coming-of-age work, the Royal Academy of Sciences said.

Other well-known works include: "Who Do You Think You Are?" (1978), "The Moons of Jupiter" (1982), "Runaway" (2004), "The View from Castle Rock" (2006) and "Too Much Happiness" (2009).

A story in the 2001 collection "Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage" was the basis of the 2006 film "Away from Her," directed by Sarah Polley.

Munro gained world renown for writing about everyday people.

"Here we have a world prize being won by someone who writes about housewives in Vancouver, booksellers in Victoria, bean farmers in Huron County and accountants and teachers and librarians -- ordinary Canadian people, and she turns it into magic," Gibson said.

Munro's most recent short story collection is titled "Dear Life." The New Yorker magazine, in an interview with her last year, said it includes "several narratives in which women in some way shake off the weight of their upbringing and do something unconventional."

She was asked whether it was "normal for girls from rural Ontario to go to university" when she did, noting that in her stories, there "is often a stigma attached to any girl who attracts attention to herself. ... "

"I was brought up to believe that the worst thing you could do was 'call attention to yourself' or 'think you were smart.' My mother was an exception to this rule and was punished by the early onset of Parkinson's disease. (The rule was for country people, like us, not so much for towners.) I tried to lead an acceptable life and a private life and got by most of the time OK," she said.

Munro was asked how she came to focus on short stories.

"For years and years I thought that stories were just practice, till I got time to write a novel. Then I found that they were all I could do, and so I faced that. I suppose that my trying to get so much into stories has been a compensation," she said.

Munro has said in the past that she wanted to stop writing but continued.

"I do stop -- for some strange notion of being 'more normal,' taking things easy. Then some poking idea comes," she said. "This time, I think it's for real."

Last year's literature prize

Last year, Chinese writer Mo Yan received Nobel Prize in literature. Activists interpreted it as a nod to the hungry literary tastes in modern China, which could help spark more freedom.

The beloved Chinese author -- whose pen name means "not talking" -- has captivated his countrymen by intertwining fantasy and gritty everyday life.

Mo plies his trade in a country where running afoul of party lines could lead to censorship. His work packs a punch, but he walks a fine line. He is considered a writer within the system and even has embraced official restrictions on writing.

And he's a Communist Party member who holds a vice-chairman spot in the state-sanctioned China Writers Association.

Prize history

The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded 106 times since 1901. In recent years, Munro has been mentioned as a contender, along with Japanese author Haruki Murakami and U.S. writer Philip Roth.

It is almost always awarded to one author and has only been shared four times, which stands in stark contrast to the science Nobels, which two or three scientists often share.

The youngest recipient was Rudyard Kipling, who is known for his work "The Jungle Book." He was 42 when he received the prize in 1907. The oldest was Doris Lessing, who received it at the age of 88.

Incidentally, many think Winston Churchill received the Nobel Peace Prize, but he did not. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1953.

Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel created the prizes in 1895 to honor work in physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The first economics prize was awarded in 1969.

Two Americans and a German shared this year's Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine Monday.

Americans James E. Rothman and Randy W. Schekman, and German Thomas C. Sudhof were honored for discoveries of how the body's cells decide when and where to deliver the molecules they produce.

And on Tuesday, two men who predicted the existence of the Higgs boson particle 50 years before its discovery took the prize for physics -- Francois Englert of Belgium and Peter Higgs of the United Kingdom.

Higgs and Englert's theories of the elusive particle explained what gives matter its mass and played a key role in completing scientists' understanding of the nature of all matter.

On Wednesday, the Nobel Prize in chemistry rewarded three scientists for work leading to the computer programs used today to precisely calculate how very complex molecules and huge chemical reactions work.

The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced Friday, followed by the final prize, the award for achievements in economics, on Monday.