Quotes are quite popular in debates and arguments; they sum up an argument quickly (being the words of someone notable also tends to help). This trope covers cases of characters arguing by exchanging them. For added effect, a creator might have his characters all quote the same source.

This can be used to either show that both the arguers are well read. It can also be used to portray one of them as a Know-Nothing Know-It-All who is humiliated by the much wiser second quoter. On the other hand, relying too much on quotes can run one into the Appeal to Authority fallacy and similar Logical Fallacies, and expecting quotes alone to win the day is tantamount to Insane Troll Logic. On the third hand, sometimes the first quoter tries to top the second quoter, which if it goes on long enough may just turn into an Overly Long Gag.

In Porky's II: The Next Day the school Shakespeare production is being shut down by a group of hyper-conservative religious nuts who think Shakespeare is immoral. They quote out of context dirty Shakespeare passages (of which there are many) to support their cause. But the school principal, who supports the show, goes quote-for-quote against them using The Bible as his source of smutty sayings.

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This is Older Than Feudalism. In the Gospels of Matthew and Luke, Satan tempts Jesus by telling Him (among other things) to prove he's the Son of God by throwing Himself off the roof of the Temple in Jerusalem, for the scriptures say God would command the angels to catch the Messiah. Jesus counters that the scriptures also say not to put God to the test.

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In the Blue Bloods episode "Black and Blue", Frank Reagan tangles with Rev. Darnell Potter, a spotlight-loving black pastor who has an axe to grind with the NYPD over race issues. Potter walks into a meeting between himself, Frank, and the mayor throwing out a quote by Malcolm X. Frank asks for the names of the men in Potter's church who assaulted two of his officers; Potter refuses and accuses him of being unwilling to seek a consensus.

Frank: A true leader is not a seeker of consensus, but a molder of consensus. (walks out)

In the Spaced episode "Ends" Tim and Daisy share a moment similar to this when discussing about Tim moving back in with Sarah:

Daisy: What do you mean you have a funny feeling?

Tim: I can read her like a book.

Daisy: Never judge a book by its cover.

Tim: He who dares wins.

Daisy: Look before you leap.

Tim: Do you believe in life after love?

Daisy: That's a song.

Tim: Shit.

The Stargate SG-1 episode "Fallen" has this exchange between O'Neill and a proverb- and parable-loving village elder.

Old Man: No one can be a friend if you know not whether to trust them.

Jack: Don't judge a book by its cover.

Old Man: Enemies' promises were made to be broken.

Jack: And yet, honesty is the best policy.

Old Man: He who has too many friends has none.

Jack: Ahh, but, birds of a feather.

Old Man: I'm unfamiliar with that story. What lesson does it teach?

Jack: It has to do with flocking, and togetherness, and to be honest I'm not so familiar with the particulars myself.

A scene in The West Wing has a Christian fundamentalist quote The Bible (Leviticus, in particular) to support her stance against homosexuality. President Bartlett then produces even more quotes from Leviticus, demonstrating how outdated and inapplicable those particular commandments are in the modern society.

Don't know if it counts, since it's more about general quote-fu than one quote being superior, but in Loaded Weapon 1, the bad guys engage in a lyrical "battle" of idioms, until one of them delivers one that is not in the Big Book of Idioms and gets shot.

Heh, I just replied to your Lost And Found query. This sounds similar to Analogy Backfire, but a bit more specific. Maybe a more accurate term would be Quotation Backfire. I really like the sound of Quote Fu, but the "Fu" implies more of a character trait, while the "Backfire" implies a particular instance. Quote Fu would be a neat trope name though, maybe for someone who uses them a lot, or would Quotation Judo be more appropriate there? Regardless, I think several tropes cover that type of thing already.

Quotes are quite popular in debates and arguments; they sum up an argument quickly (being the words of someone notable also tends to help). This trope covers cases of characters arguing by exchanging them (bonus points if they all quote the same source).

This can be used to either show that both the arguers are well read. It can also be used to portray one of them as a Know Nothing Know It All who is humiliated by the much wiser second quoter.

In another Simpsons episode, Bart and Lisa try to convince Krusty's father, an Orthodox rabbi, to make ammends with his son. Lisa tries to convince Rabbi Krustovsky by quoting from the Torah, the Talmud, and other Jewish sources, but the Rabbi has a counter quote for each one. Finally, Lisa stumps him with a moving statement of the Jews' struggles throughout history... from Sammy Davis Jr, "an entertainer, like your son."

In The Rock, the antagonist General Hummel justifies his actions by quoting Thomas Jefferson that "The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants." Thomas Jefferson.

John Mason, one of the protagonists, replies by quoting Oscar Wilde, "Patriotism is a virtue of the vicious"

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