The Horse Whisperer is a 1998 American drama film directed by and starring Robert Redford, based on the 1995 novel The Horse Whisperer by Nicholas Evans. Redford plays the title role, a talented trainer with a remarkable gift for understanding horses, who is hired to help an injured teenager (played by Scarlett Johansson) and her horse back to health following a tragic accident.

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Teenager Grace MacLean (Scarlett Johansson) and her best friend Judith (Kate Bosworth) go out early one winter's morning to ride their horses, Pilgrim and Gulliver, as they ride up an icy slope, Gulliver slips and hits Pilgrim. Both horses fall, dragging the girls onto a road and colliding with a truck. Judith and Gulliver are killed, while Grace and Pilgrim are both severely injured.

Grace, left with a partially amputated right leg, is bitter and withdrawn after the accident. Meanwhile, Pilgrim is traumatized and uncontrollable to the extent that it is suggested he be put down. Grace's mother, Annie (Kristin Scott Thomas), a strong-minded and workaholic magazine editor, refuses to allow Pilgrim to be put down, sensing that somehow Grace's recovery is linked with Pilgrim's.

Desperate for a way to heal both Grace and Pilgrim, Annie tracks down a "horse whisperer", Tom Booker (Robert Redford), in the remote Montana mountains. Tom agrees to help, but only if Grace also takes part in the process. Grace reluctantly agrees, and she and Annie go to stay at the Booker ranch where Tom lives with his brother and his brother's family, as Pilgrim and Grace slowly overcome their trauma, Annie and Tom begin to develop a mutual attraction. However, they are both reluctant to act on these feelings – Annie is married and Tom had his heart broken before, when his wife left him because she belonged to the city, not the ranch. Tom also asks Grace to tell him about what happened with her and Pilgrim in order to find out what Pilgrim is thinking, at first, Grace is reluctant, but eventually gathers up her courage, and tearfully tells him about the accident.

The status quo between Annie and Tom is broken when Robert MacLean (Sam Neill), Grace's father and Annie's husband, unexpectedly shows up at the ranch. Annie is increasingly torn by her feelings for Tom and her love for her family. Soon, with Tom's help, Grace finally takes the last step to heal herself and Pilgrim – riding Pilgrim again. As the MacLeans get ready to leave the Booker ranch, Robert tells Annie that he knew he was in love with her more than she loved him, and that if he could be a better father, husband or lawyer then it didn’t matter, he did it all for the love he had for her, he felt that he didn’t need more, he knows she is not sure how she feels about him, and now he wants her to make a choice, and not to come home until she is sure what she wants and that she loves him. Although Annie wishes she could stay with Tom on the ranch, she also knows that she belongs to the city, just like Tom's wife. Annie departs, driving away from the ranch, while Tom watches her go from the top of a hill.

Although he had already directed several films, this was the first time Robert Redford directed a film that he also starred in.[citation needed]

The main character, according to writer Nicholas Evans,[1] is modeled after horse whisperers Tom Dorrance, Ray Hunt and, in particular, their younger disciple Buck Brannaman.[2] Brannaman also doubled for Robert Redford in the film and served as the consultant. Evans himself said, "Others have claimed to be the inspiration for Tom Booker in The Horse Whisperer, the one who truly inspired me was Buck Brannaman. His skill, understanding and his gentle, loving heart have parted the clouds for countless troubled creatures. Buck is the Zen master of the horse world."[2]

The schooling administered to the traumatized horse is faithful to a number of basic natural horsemanship techniques, although the portrayal in the film does not follow the specific method of any one practitioner. Nicholas Evans writes: "I spent many weeks traveling across the West and met three amazing horsemen: Tom Dorrance, Ray Hunt and Buck Brannaman."[1] Tom Dorrance and Ray Hunt were quite elderly at the time Evans met them (Dorrance and Hunt are since deceased), Brannaman is still a relatively young man.

The horse training methods shown are not entirely without controversy. While Brannaman was the on-site technical consultant, he did not have creative control, the constraints of film-making required a number of sequences to be edited for length, thus not showing some critical training elements that would normally be used. A few basic safety problems in the film include Redford kneeling in front of a horse known to charge humans in one scene, and wearing a large ring on his finger while training in another, a risky practice in the real world when simultaneously handling a dangerous horse and a rope.

A fundamental literary device used that goes against basic horse psychology was that of having Pilgrim, apparently a well-trained horse, suddenly became a vicious rogue following a single traumatic event. A horse may have a strong reaction after an accident if the elements that preceded the trauma are repeated at a future time (for example, it would be reasonable for Pilgrim to have developed a fear of vehicles, of crossing a road, or of climbing a steep slope),[3] but not generally a complete change in personality, manner and outlook in the way that can occur in traumatized humans. Such behavioral changes in a horse would normally be the result of sustained, long-term animal abuse.

A practitioner of natural horsemanship, John Lyons, provided an equestrian's critique of the film, noting that while there were many positive messages, there was also the potential for people to get some dangerous messages about horse training from certain sequences. He first noted that the multiple horses that played Pilgrim were all well-trained animals and that the movie did not represent a real-life time frame for training a single real-life animal, he pointed out that the film made the rehabilitation of the horse appear to be a one-session event, when in reality it would take considerable time for such a change to occur. Lyons criticized a number of dangerous practices shown in the movie, and was particularly critical of the scene where Booker hobbles, ropes, and lays the exhausted horse on the ground, then has Grace get on the recumbent horse, which is then allowed to rise, and the horse and girl miraculously are both cured of their fears and once again a horse and rider team, he argued that the actual real-life practical risk of injury to horse and human in such a method is considerable, that a horse pushed to exhaustion is not "trained," and pushing a fearful rider in such a fashion is ill-advised. However, Lyons' critique also recognized the limitations of Hollywood film-making, stating, "In order to tell a story, things are often done that would be imprudent for horse owners to attempt."[4]

The film received mixed-to-positive reviews upon its release. Janet Maslin in The New York Times says that the film "sustains great visual intensity thanks to Robert Richardson's majestic cinematography" but its "rock-solid values" are diluted by "a misconceived ending",[5] whereas CNN in a rather sarcastic review complains that the storytelling was "all done very, very slowly"[6] and mentions the film's length. Rotten Tomatoes reports that of 57 reviews, 74% were positive[7] and Metacritic gives the film an average score of 65/100, based on 19 reviews.[8] Despite this, the film was a box office hit and grossed $187 million worldwide ($75m in the US).

In an episode of The Simpsons, Homer claims to be a horse whisperer. All he does, however, is literally whisper in the horse's ear, "When the race starts, run really fast."

In a scene near the end of the 2005 Vin Diesel action comedy The Pacifier, Diesel's character attempts to communicate with a pet duck to help him escape his captors, for which one of the film's villains sarcastically addresses Diesel as "duck whisperer".

In the 2010 film Life As We Know It, starring Josh Duhamel and Katherine Heigl, the neighborhood teenage babysitter was endearingly referred to as "baby whisperer" because of her uncanny ability to calm the toddler Sophie down when she was fussing.

In a 2011 episode of Justified, starring Timothy Olyphant, the main character Deputy US Marshal Raylan Givens is referred to by his superior as a "hillbilly whisperer" because he can relate to and influence desired outcomes from the Kentucky hill people who reside in the area he patrols and who he is related to and grew up with.

Robert Redford
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Charles Robert Redford Jr. is an American actor, director, producer, businessman, environmentalist, and philanthropist. Redford is the founder of the Sundance Film Festival, Redfords career began in 1960 as a guest star on numerous TV shows, including, The Untouchables, Perry Mason, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and The Twilight Zone, among others. He

Kristin Scott Thomas
–
Dame Kristin Ann Scott Thomas, DBE is an English actress. She won the Best Supporting Actress BAFTA Award for Four Weddings, for her work in the theatre, she has been nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actress five times, winning in 2008 for the Royal Court revival of The Seagull. Scott Thomas made her debut in the Prince-directed Under the C

Sam Neill
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He won a broad international audience in 1993 for his roles as Alisdair Stewart in The Piano and Dr. Alan Grant in Jurassic Park, a role he reprised in 2001s Jurassic Park III. Neill also had roles in Merlin, The Hunt for Red October, Peaky Blinders. In 2016, he starred in Hunt for the Wilderpeople alongside Julian Dennison and he holds New Zealand

Dianne Wiest
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Dianne Evelyn Wiest is an American actress. Wiest has won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress twice, for Hannah and Her Sisters and Bullets over Broadway and she appeared in three other of Allens films, The Purple Rose of Cairo, Radio Days and September. She also starred in Ron Howards Parenthood, for which she received her second Oscar n

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Wiest in 2009

Scarlett Johansson
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Scarlett Johansson is an American actress, model and singer. She made her debut in the fantasy comedy North. Johansson subsequently starred in Manny & Lo, and garnered acclaim and prominence with roles in The Horse Whisperer. She shifted to roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring and Lost in Translation. Since 2010, Johansson has a

Chris Cooper
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Christopher Walton Chris Cooper is an American film actor. He became well known in the late 1980s and he also portrayed Sheriff July Johnson in the acclaimed miniseries Lonesome Dove, which became one of the most successful Westerns in history. Cooper won both the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the co

Thomas Newman
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Thomas Montgomery Newman is an American composer best known for his many film scores. Newman has been nominated for fourteen Academy Awards and three Golden Globes, and has won two BAFTAs, six Grammys and an Emmy Award, Newman was honored with the Richard Kirk award at the 2000 BMI Film and TV Awards. The award is given annually to a composer who h

Touchstone Pictures
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Touchstone Pictures is an American film distribution label of Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Previously, Touchstone operated as an film production banner of Walt Disney Studios. Touchstone Pictures merely serves as a brand, not a business operation. In 2009, Disney entered into a 5-year, 30-picture distribution deal with DreamWorks Pictures b

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Touchstone Pictures

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
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Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is an American film distributor owned by The Walt Disney Company. The division took on its current name in late 2007, which before that had been Buena Vista Pictures Distribution since 1987, before 1953, Walt Disneys productions were distributed by Columbia Pictures, United Artists and RKO Radio Pictures. The nam

The Horse Whisperer (book)
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The Horse Whisperer is a 1995 novel by English author Nicholas Evans. The book was his novel, and gained significant success, becoming the 10th best selling novel in the United States in 1995. This also makes it one of the books of all time. The book was made into a film, also titled The Horse Whisperer, directed by and starring Robert Redford. The

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First edition cover

Kate Bosworth
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Catherine Ann Kate Bosworth is an American actress and model. She made her debut in The Horse Whisperer and appeared in Remember the Titans. She also had roles in independent films, playing Dawn Schiller in the crime film Wonderland. She also portrayed Lois Lane in Superman Returns, and has had roles in Straw Dogs, Bosworth was born on January 2,19

Animal euthanasia
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Animal euthanasia is the act of putting an animal to death or allowing it to die by withholding extreme medical measures. Reasons for euthanasia include incurable conditions or diseases, lack of resources to supporting the animal. Euthanasia methods are designed to cause pain and distress. Euthanasia is distinct from animal slaughter and pest contr

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Captive bolt device

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Lethal chamber in the Royal London Institute and Home for Lost and Starving Cats

Horse whisperer
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Natural horsemanship is a collective term for a variety of horse training techniques which have seen rapid growth in popularity since the 1980s. Natural horsemanship promotors face criticism that their techniques are not new and are classical concepts that are simply renamed or repackaged in order to be able to sell products, later classical dressa

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A human approaches a semi-wild horse in a non-threatening stance

Montana
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Montana /mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The states name is derived from the Spanish word montaña, Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including Big Sky Country and The Treasure State, and slogans that include Land of the Shining Mountains and more recently The Last Best Place. Montana has a 545-m

Cherry Jones
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Cherry Jones is an American actress. A five-time Tony Award nominee for her work on Broadway, she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the 1995 revival of The Heiress and for the 2005 original production of Doubt. She won the 2009 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her role as Allison Taylor o

Jessalyn Gilsig
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She was born on November 30,1971 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the daughter of Claire, a writer and translator, and Toby Gilsig, an engineer. She began her acting in a voice work part at age 12 for a National Film Board of Canada production, Gilsig attended McGill University in Montreal, from 1989 to 1993, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree i

Jeanette Nolan
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Jeanette Nolan was an American radio, film, and television actress who was nominated for four Emmy Awards, in 1964,1966,1974 and 1978. She continued acting into the 1990s and she appeared regularly in several radio series, Young Dr. Malone, 1939–1940, Cavalcade of America, 1940–1941, Nicolette Moore in One Mans Family, 1947–1950, and The Great Gild

Allison Moorer
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Allison Moorer is an American alternative country singer and the younger sister of Shelby Lynne. She signed to MCA Nashville in 1998 and made her debut on the U. S. Billboard country charts with the release of her debut single A Soft Place to Fall, which reached No.73. Since the release of her debut album Alabama Song, she released seven albums and

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Moorer performing in 2011 in California

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Moorer and Steve Earle in 2008.

Buck Brannaman
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One of Brannamans stated goals is to make the animal feel safe and secure around humans so that the horse and rider can achieve a true union. Brannaman was born in 1962 in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, and raised in Montana, Brannaman was for many years a disciple of Ray Hunt, one of the founders of the natural horsemanship movement, and also inspired by T

Natural horsemanship
–
Natural horsemanship is a collective term for a variety of horse training techniques which have seen rapid growth in popularity since the 1980s. Natural horsemanship promotors face criticism that their techniques are not new and are classical concepts that are simply renamed or repackaged in order to be able to sell products, later classical dressa

1.
A human approaches a semi-wild horse in a non-threatening stance

Horse training
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Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans. Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities. Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm

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A horse being trained on the longe line.

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Effective communication and harmony between horse and rider are among the goals of proper training

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Horses too young to be ridden are trained to accept a halter, taught basic skills, manners, and become accustomed to human activity. Some, like this yearling, are shown in conformation classes.

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A young horse in Europe being longed with a surcingle and side reins

Horse behavior
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Horse behavior is best understood from the view that horses are prey animals with a well-developed fight-or-flight response. Nonetheless, because of their horses are also suited to a number of work. Humans domesticated horses thousands of years ago, and they have used by humans ever since. Through selective breeding, some breeds of horses have been

Animal abuse
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Cruelty to animals sometimes encompasses inflicting harm or suffering for personal amusement, as in zoosadism. Laws concerning animal cruelty are designed to prevent the needless cruelty, divergent approaches to such laws occur in different jurisdictions throughout the world. For example, some laws govern methods of killing animals for food, clothi

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Man beating a chained pitbull terrier with a strap. The strap is visible in the foreground.

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Starved and bruised horse eating at a veterinary clinic after rescue

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Egg laying hens

Equestrianism
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Equestrianism, more often known as riding, horseback riding or horse riding, refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses. This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises, Horses are trained and ridden for prac

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A young Tibetan rider. Horse riding is an essential means of transportation in parts of the world where the landscape does not permit other means

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Prehistoric cave painting, depicting a horse and rider

The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the lar

Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since

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60–100%

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≤0-59%

Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a col

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Metacritic

Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first

The Prince of Egypt
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The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic biblical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by DreamWorks Pictures. The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egyp

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Theatrical release poster

National Geographic Channel
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The channel airs non-fiction television programs produced by National Geographic and other production companies. Its primary sister network worldwide, including the United States, is Nat Geo Wild, as of February 2015, National Geographic Channel is available to approximately 86,144,000 pay television households in the United States. In September 19

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National Geographic Channel

CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network,

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Paley's management saw a twentyfold increase in gross income in his first decade.

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Wholesome Kate Smith, Paley's choice for La Palina Hour, was unthreatening to home and hearth

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When Charlie Chaplin finally allowed the world to hear his voice after 20 years of mime, he chose CBS's airwaves to do it on.

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CBS west coast headquarters reflected its industry stature while hosting its top Hollywood talent.

Ghost Whisperer
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Ghost Whisperer is an American television supernatural drama series, which ran on CBS from September 23,2005, to May 21,2010. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon, who has the ability to see, while trying to live a normal life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and c

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Ghost Whisperer title card

Jennifer Love Hewitt
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Jennifer Love Hewitt is an American actress, television producer and director, singer/songwriter and author. Hewitt began her career as a child by appearing in television commercials. She rose to fame for her role as Sarah Reeves Merrin on the Fox teen drama Party of Five and she later starred in the horror film I Know What You Did Last Summer and

The Simpsons
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The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa. The show is set in the town of Springfield and parodies American culture, society, television. The family was conceived b

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Mark Sinclair, better known by his stage name Vin Diesel, is an American actor, producer, director and screenwriter. He is well known for his portrayals of Dominic Toretto in The Fast, Riddick in The Chronicles of Riddick series and Xander Cage in xXx series. He was also a producer on sequels in these franchises, Diesel has also starred in films su

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The Pacifier is a 2005 action comedy film directed by Adam Shankman and written by Thomas Lennon and Robert Ben Garant. The film was released in March 2005 by Walt Disney Pictures, U. S. Navy SEAL Lieutenant Shane Wolfe is assigned to rescue Howard Plummer, a man working on a top-secret government project, from a group of Serbian rebels. Shane and

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Theatrical release poster

Saving Private Brian
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Saving Private Brian is the fourth episode of season five of Family Guy, an episode produced for Season 4. The episode originally broadcast on November 5,2006, the episode follows Stewie and Brian after they unintentionally join the United States Army, and end up leaving to serve in Iraq, only to return home when the war ends. Meanwhile, Chris join

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Louis Gossett, Jr. guest starred in the episode.

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French soccer player Zinedine Zidane as he appears in the episode, headbutting an old lady as part of her birthday telegram.

Family Guy
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Family Guy is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series centers on the Griffins, a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois, their children Meg, Chris, and Stewie, and their anthropomorphic pet dog Brian. The show is set in the city of Quahog, Rhode Island. The family was conceived

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Matt Weitzman (left) is a former staff writer and Mike Barker is a former producer and writer of the show. Both left the series to create the ongoing adult animated sitcom American Dad! with Seth MacFarlane. Barker would depart American Dad! as well, following production of the show's 10th season.

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Main cast members

Peter Griffin
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Peter Griffin is the main protagonist and title character of the American animated sitcom Family Guy. He is voiced by cartoonist Seth MacFarlane and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the family, Peter was created and designed by MacFarlane himself. After the pilot was given the light, The Griffin family appeared on the episode De

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MacFarlane based Peter's voice on the voices of security guards and maintenance he had heard talking, while attending the Rhode Island School of Design.

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Peter Griffin

Couples Retreat
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Vaughn and Favreau star with Jason Bateman, Faizon Love, Kristin Davis, Malin Åkerman, Kristen Bell, and Jean Reno. It was released on October 9,2009, in the United States, the film was shot mostly on the French Polynesian island of Bora Bora. Dave, a dealer for Guitar Hero, and Ronnie, a mom, are a typical couple raising two young children in the

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Theatrical film poster

Jean Reno
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Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez, known as Jean Reno, is a French actor. Reno was born Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez in Casablanca, Morocco and his parents were Spanish, natives of Sanlúcar de Barrameda and Jerez de la Frontera in Andalucia, and had moved to North Africa to find work and escape the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. He has a sister nam

American Dad!
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American Dad. is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, Mike Barker, and Matt Weitzman for the Fox Broadcasting Company. American Dad. is the first television series to have its inception on Animation Domination. The series premiere aired on February 6,2005, following Super Bowl XXXIX, three months before the rest of the firs

Life as We Know It (film)
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Life As We Know It is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Greg Berlanti, starring Katherine Heigl and Josh Duhamel. It was released on October 8,2010, after sneak previews in 811 theaters on October 2,2010, Holly Berenson is the owner of a small Atlanta bakery, and Eric Messer, is a promising television technical sports director

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Theatrical release poster

Josh Duhamel
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Joshua David Josh Duhamel is an American actor and former fashion model. After various modeling work, he made his debut as Leo du Pres on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children. He has also appeared in When in Rome, Life as We Know It, New Years Eve, Safe Haven, in 2015, Duhamel co-starred on the short-lived CBS crime drama Battle Creek. Duhame

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Katherine Marie Heigl is an American actress, film producer and former fashion model. She played Izzie Stevens on ABCs medical drama Greys Anatomy from 2005 to 2010, Heigl has also had a prominent film career, with appearances in Knocked Up,27 Dresses, The Ugly Truth, Killers, Life As We Know It and New Years Eve. She played the role on the short-l

Justified (TV series)
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Justified is an American crime drama television series that premiered on March 16,2010, on the FX network. Developed by Graham Yost, it is based on Elmore Leonards short story Fire in the Hole, Timothy Olyphant portrays Raylan Givens, a tough deputy U. S. Marshal enforcing his own brand of justice in his hometown of Harlan, the series is set in Lex

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Elmore Leonard at the 70th Annual Peabody Awards with award for Justified

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Justified

Timothy Olyphant
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Timothy David Olyphant is an American actor and producer. In early years of his career, he was often cast in supporting roles, most notably in Scream 2, Go, A Man Apart. He came to the attention of an audience with his portrayal of Sheriff Seth Bullock in HBOs western Deadwood. He then had starring roles in the romantic comedy Catch and Release, th

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Olyphant at the 70th Annual Peabody Awards Luncheon in May 2011

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Olyphant at the Television Academy presents An Evening with “Justified” in Hollywood on March 19, 2014

John Sculley
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John Sculley III is an American businessman, entrepreneur and investor in high-tech startups. Sculley was vice-president and president of Pepsi-Cola, until he became executive officer of Apple Inc. on April 8,1983. In May 1987, Sculley was named Silicon Valleys top-paid executive, others say that the two clashed over management styles and prioritie

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Sculley in January 2014

Jeff Daniels
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One of his most notable roles is Harry Dunne in the buddy comedy Dumb and Dumber opposite Jim Carrey, a role he reprised in the 2014 sequel Dumb and Dumber To. He received Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor for his performances in The Purple Rose of Cairo, Something Wild and The Squid, Daniels work outside of the film industry has receiv

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Robert Redford
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Charles Robert Redford Jr. is an American actor, director, producer, businessman, environmentalist, and philanthropist. Redford is the founder of the Sundance Film Festival, Redfords career began in 1960 as a guest star on numerous TV shows, including, The Untouchables, Perry Mason, Alfred Hitchcock Presents, and The Twilight Zone, among others. He earned an Emmy nomination as Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Voice of Charlie Pont and his greatest Broadway success was as the stuffy newlywed husband of Elizabeth Ashley in Neil Simons Barefoot in the Park. Redford made his debut in War Hunt. His role in Inside Daisy Clover won him a Golden Globe for best new star and he starred in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, which was a huge success and made him a major star. The popular and acclaimed All the Presidents Men was a film for Redford. The first film that Redford directed, Ordinary People, was one of the most critically and publicly acclaimed films of the decade, winning four Oscars, and in the same year, he starred in Brubaker. He starred in Out of Africa, which was a critical and box office success. He released his film as a director, A River Runs Through It. Redford won the 1980 Academy Award for Best Director in 1981 for directing Ordinary People and he was previously nominated for Best Actor in 1974 for his performance in The Sting, and went on to receive Best Director and Best Picture nominations in 1995 for Quiz Show. He won a second Academy Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2002, in 2010, he was made a chevalier of the Légion dHonneur. He has won BAFTA, Directors Guild of America, Golden Globe, in April 2014, Time Magazine included Redford in their annual TIME100 as one of the Most Influential People in the World, declaring him the Godfather of Indie Film. In 2016, President Barack Obama honored Redford with a Presidential Medal of Freedom, Redford was born on August 18,1936, in Santa Monica, California to Martha W. and Charles Robert Redford, Sr. a milkman-turned-accountant. He has a stepbrother, William, from his fathers remarriage, Redford is of English, Irish, Scottish, and Scots-Irish ancestry. Redfords family moved to Van Nuys, California, while his father worked in El Segundo and he attended Van Nuys High School, where he was classmates with baseball pitcher Don Drysdale. He has described himself as having been a bad student, finding inspiration outside the classroom and he hit tennis balls with Pancho Gonzales at the Los Angeles Tennis Club to warm him up. After graduating from school in 1954, he attended the University of Colorado in Boulder for a year and a half. While there, he worked at the restaurant/bar The Sink, a painting of his likeness is prominent in the bars murals, while at Colorado, Redford began drinking heavily, and as a result lost his half-scholarship and was kicked out of school

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Kristin Scott Thomas
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Dame Kristin Ann Scott Thomas, DBE is an English actress. She won the Best Supporting Actress BAFTA Award for Four Weddings, for her work in the theatre, she has been nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actress five times, winning in 2008 for the Royal Court revival of The Seagull. Scott Thomas made her debut in the Prince-directed Under the Cherry Moon in 1986, Further film roles include Bitter Moon, Mission, Impossible, The Horse Whisperer, Gosford Park. She has also worked in French cinema, winning the European Film Award for Best Actress for Philippe Claudels Ive Loved You So Long and her other French films include The Valet, Tell No One, Leaving and Sarahs Key. Scott Thomas was born in Redruth, Cornwall, Scott Thomas was brought up as a Roman Catholic. Her childhood home was in Trent, Dorset, England and her mother remarried, to another Royal Navy pilot, who also died in a flying accident, six years after the death of her father. Scott Thomas was educated at Cheltenham Ladies College and St Antonys Leweston in Sherborne, Dorset, on leaving school she moved to Hampstead, London, and worked in a department store. She then began training to be a teacher at the Central School of Speech. On being told she would never be a good enough actress and her breakthrough role was in a 1988 adaptation of Evelyn Waughs A Handful of Dust, where she won an Evening Standard British Film Award for most promising newcomer. This was followed by roles opposite Hugh Grant in Bitter Moon and Four Weddings,1996 saw the release of her most famous role as Katharine Clifton in The English Patient, which gained her Golden Globe and Oscar nominations as well as critical acclaim. This was followed by a period working in Hollywood on films such as The Horse Whisperer with Robert Redford. However, growing disillusioned with Hollywood, she took a year off to give birth to her third child and she reprised the role in New York in September 2008. In summer 2011 Scott Thomas returned to Londons West End to star as Emma in Harold Pinters Betrayal at the Comedy Theatre, the revival was directed by Ian Rickson. Her husband was played by Ben Miles and the triangle was completed by Douglas Henshall. In January 2013, she starred in another Pinter play, Old Times, in 2014 she appeared at The Old Vic in the title role of Sophocless Electra. Scott Thomas also has acted in French films, in 2006, she played the role of Hélène, in French, in Ne le dis à personne, by French director Guillaume Canet. In 2008, Scott Thomas received many accolades for her performance in Il y a longtemps que je taime, including BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations for Best Actress. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the 2003 Birthday Honours and she was named a Chevalier of the Légion dhonneur by the French Government in 2005

3.
Sam Neill
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He won a broad international audience in 1993 for his roles as Alisdair Stewart in The Piano and Dr. Alan Grant in Jurassic Park, a role he reprised in 2001s Jurassic Park III. Neill also had roles in Merlin, The Hunt for Red October, Peaky Blinders. In 2016, he starred in Hunt for the Wilderpeople alongside Julian Dennison and he holds New Zealand and British nationality, but identifies primarily as a New Zealander. At the time of Neills birth, his father was stationed in Northern Ireland and his fathers family owned Neill and Co. the largest liquor retailers in New Zealand. In 1954, Neill returned with his family to New Zealand and he then went on to study English literature at the University of Canterbury, where he had his first exposure to acting. He then moved to Wellington to continue his education at Victoria University. In 2004, on the Australian talk show Enough Rope, interviewer Andrew Denton briefly touched on the issue of Neills very bad stuttering and it affected most of his childhood and as a result he was hoping that people wouldnt talk to so he would not have to answer back. He also stated, I kind of outgrew it and you can still detect me as a stammerer. Neill first took to calling himself Sam at school there were several other students named Nigel. After working at the New Zealand National Film Unit as a director, following this he appeared in Australian romance My Brilliant Career, opposite Judy Davis. In the late 1970s, his mentor was James Mason, later, Neill was also one of the leading candidates to succeed Roger Moore in the role of James Bond, but lost out to Timothy Dalton. Among his many Australian roles is playing Michael Chamberlain in Evil Angels about the case of Azaria Chamberlain, Neill has played heroes and occasionally villains in a succession of film and television dramas and comedies. In the UK he won fame, and was Golden Globe nominated, after portraying real-life spy Sidney Reilly in mini-series Reilly. An early American starring role was in 1987s Amerika, playing a senior KGB officer leading the occupation and division of a defeated United States, Neill has occasionally acted in New Zealand films, notably The Piano, Perfect Strangers, Under the Mountain, and Hunt for the Wilderpeople. He returned to directing in 1995 with documentary Cinema of Unease, A Personal Journey by Sam Neill which he wrote and directed with Judy Rymer. In 1993, Neill co-starred with Anne Archer in Question of Faith, in 2000, he provided the voice of Sam Sawnoff in The Magic Pudding. In 2001, he hosted and narrated a series for the BBC entitled Space. He portrayed the wizard in Merlin, a miniseries based on the legends of King Arthur

4.
Dianne Wiest
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Dianne Evelyn Wiest is an American actress. Wiest has won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress twice, for Hannah and Her Sisters and Bullets over Broadway and she appeared in three other of Allens films, The Purple Rose of Cairo, Radio Days and September. She also starred in Ron Howards Parenthood, for which she received her second Oscar nomination, Wiest also received two Screen Actors Guild Awards and one BAFTA Award nomination. For her work on television, she has won two Primetime Emmy Awards, Wiest was born in Kansas City, Missouri. Her mother, Anne Stewart, was a nurse and her father, Bernard John Wiest, was a college dean and former psychiatric social worker for the U. S. Army. Her mother was Scottish, while her father was an American of Croatian and German descent, Wiest has two brothers named Greg and Don. Her original ambition was to be a ballerina, but switched her goal to theatre in her year at Nurnberg American High School. Wiest graduated from the University of Maryland in 1969 with a degree in Arts, Wiest studied theatre at the University of Maryland, leaving after her third term to tour with a Shakespearean troupe. Later, she had a role in a New York Shakespeare Festival production of Ashes. She also acted at the Yale Repertory Theatre in New Haven, CT and she was an understudy both off-Broadway and on Broadway, in Kurt Vonneguts Happy Birthday, Wanda June in 1970. She made her Broadway debut in Robert Andersons Solitaire/Double Solitaire, taking over in the role of the daughter in 1971 and she toured the USSR with the Arena Stage. In 1976, Wiest attended the Eugene ONeill National Playwrights Conference and starred in leading roles in Amlin Grays Pirates, at Joe Papps Public Theater she took over the lead in Ashes, and played Cassandra in Agamemnon, directed by Andrei Şerban. In 1979, she originated the role of Agnes in Agnes of God in its first production in Waterford and she appeared in two plays by Tina Howe, Museum and The Art of Dining. (She played opposite Lithgow again in the Herbert Ross film Footloose, as Wiest became established as a film actress through her work in Woody Allens films, she was less frequently available for stage roles. However, she did appear onstage during the 1990s, in In the Summer House, Square One, Cynthia Ozicks The Shawl, in 2003, she appeared with Al Pacino and Marisa Tomei in Oscar Wildes Salome. In 2005, she starred in Kathleen Tolans Memory House and she also starred in a production of Wendy Wassersteins final play Third at Lincoln Center. Her early screen roles include roles in Its My Turn and Im Dancing as Fast as I Can. In 1984, she starred in Footloose, as the reverends wife, under Woody Allens direction, Wiest won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Hannah and Her Sisters in 1987 and Bullets over Broadway in 1995

Dianne Wiest
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Wiest in 2009

5.
Scarlett Johansson
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Scarlett Johansson is an American actress, model and singer. She made her debut in the fantasy comedy North. Johansson subsequently starred in Manny & Lo, and garnered acclaim and prominence with roles in The Horse Whisperer. She shifted to roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring and Lost in Translation. Since 2010, Johansson has also portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe and she won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in the 2010 Broadway revival of A View from the Bridge. As a singer, Johansson has released two albums, Anywhere I Lay My Head and Break Up, Johansson is considered one of Hollywoods modern sex symbols, and has frequently appeared in published lists of the sexiest women in the world. As of February 2017, she is the actress of all time in North America. In 2016, she added another $1.2 billion to that box office record and her father, Karsten Johansson, is an architect originally from Copenhagen, Denmark, and her paternal grandfather, Ejner Johansson, was an art historian, screenwriter, and director. Her mother, Melanie Sloan, a producer, comes from an Ashkenazi Jewish family from the Bronx, Sloans ancestors were Jewish immigrants from Poland and Minsk in the Russian Empire. Scarlett Johansson has a sister, Vanessa, also an actress, an older brother, Adrian, a twin brother, Hunter. She holds both United States and Danish passports and citizenship, Johansson grew up in a household with little money, and with a mother who was a film buff. She and her brother attended PS41 elementary school in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan. Johansson began her training by attending and graduating from Professional Childrens School in Manhattan in 2002. Johansson began acting during childhood, after her mother started taking her to auditions and she would audition for commercials but took rejection so hard her mother began limiting her to film tryouts. She made her debut at the age of 9, as John Ritters daughter in the fantasy comedy North. Following minor roles in the mystery thriller Just Cause, as the daughter of Sean Connery and Kate Capshaw, and If Lucy Fell, she played the role of Amanda in Manny & Lo. Her performance in Manny & Lo garnered a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Lead Female, after appearing in minor roles in Fall and Home Alone 3, Johansson garnered widely spread attention for her performance in the film The Horse Whisperer, directed by Robert Redford. She received a nomination for the Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Most Promising Actress for the film, in 1999, she appeared in My Brother the Pig and in the neo-noir Coen brothers film The Man Who Wasnt There

6.
Chris Cooper
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Christopher Walton Chris Cooper is an American film actor. He became well known in the late 1980s and he also portrayed Sheriff July Johnson in the acclaimed miniseries Lonesome Dove, which became one of the most successful Westerns in history. Cooper won both the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the comedy-drama metafilm Adaptation and he played a lead role in the historical and political thriller Breach, playing FBI agent and traitor Robert Hanssen. He played Daniel Sloan in the 2012 political action thriller The Company You Keep and he also portrayed Al Templeton on the 2016 Hulu miniseries 11.22.63. He is a frequent collaborator with director John Sayles, including Matewan, City of Hope, Lone Star, Silver City, Cooper was born on July 9,1951, in Kansas City, Missouri, the son of Charles and Mary Ann Cooper. He has a brother, Chuck Cooper. His father was both a United States Air Force doctor and a cattleman, and his mother was a housewife, both of his parents were from Texas. Cooper grew up in the suburbs of Kansas City, and spent his summers at his familys ranch, located about 15 miles west of Leavenworth. He was also raised in Las Vegas, Phoenix, and Houston. While attending high school in Kansas City, Cooper worked for a theater company, I had a background in carpentry, so I could build sets and work in the wings. After he graduated high school, Cooper became the foreman for another repertory group. He also considered helping his father raise cattle for a living, Cooper avoided getting drafted to serve in the Vietnam War following a stint in the Missouri River Coast Guard. Cooper attended the University of Missouri-Columbia and enrolled in the theater program and it was during his sophomore year when Cooper changed his major to acting in order to overcome his overpowering shyness. Cooper, therefore, took acting classes at the University of Missouri and he recalled in a 1996 interview with The Philadelphia Inquirer, I started going in and watching some shows at the theater department. I started taking classes and auditioned for plays. And once I got into it, it was pretty immediate, I really felt right, felt at home. Cooper also took classes at Stephens College. After he graduated from the University of Missouri, Cooper moved to New York City in 1976, while living in New York, Cooper shared a one-bedroom railroad flat with four other aspiring actors and dancers

7.
Thomas Newman
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Thomas Montgomery Newman is an American composer best known for his many film scores. Newman has been nominated for fourteen Academy Awards and three Golden Globes, and has won two BAFTAs, six Grammys and an Emmy Award, Newman was honored with the Richard Kirk award at the 2000 BMI Film and TV Awards. The award is given annually to a composer who has made significant contributions to film, born in Los Angeles, California, he is the youngest son of Mississippi-born Martha Louis Montgomery and composer Alfred Newman, who won nine Academy Award for Best Original Score. During their upbringing, Martha herded her sons into violin lessons in the San Fernando Valley every weekend, while at Yale, he met composer Stephen Sondheim, who became an early mentor. Newman and his wife, Ann Marie, have three children and they reside in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles. At first, Newman was more interested in musical theater than in film composition, Lionel, who succeeded Alfred as music director for 20th Century Fox, gave Thomas his first scoring assignment on a 1979 episode of the series The Paper Chase. In 1983, John Williams, who was a friend of both Alfred and Lionel, invited Newman to work on Return of the Jedi, orchestrating the scene where Darth Vader dies. Afterwards Newman met in New York producer Scott Rudin, who invited him to compose the score for Reckless, in 1992, Newman composed the score to Martin Brests film Scent of a Woman. In 1994, he got his first Academy Award nominations with the scores to The Shawshank Redemption and he also scored the film The War. In 1996, he scored Diane Keatons Unstrung Heroes, receiving yet another Oscar nomination, in 1998, he scored Robert Redfords The Horse Whisperer as well as Meet Joe Black. In 1999, Newman composed the score to Sam Mendes first feature film American Beauty, Newman believed the score helped move the film along without disturbing the moral ambiguity of the script, saying It was a real delicate balancing act in terms of what music worked to preserve that. This was his first collaboration with Mendes, and he would go on to all of the directors subsequent films except for the comedy-drama Away We Go. He received a fourth Oscar nomination for this score, and although he lost again, he did receive a Grammy and a BAFTA. His critical and commercial success has continued in the years with his scores for films such as Meet Joe Black, The Green Mile, Erin Brockovich, In the Bedroom. He was nominated consecutively for a further three Academy Awards, for Road to Perdition, Finding Nemo, and Lemony Snickets A Series of Unfortunate Events, however, he lost on each occasion to Elliot Goldenthal, Howard Shore, and Jan A. P. Kaczmarek respectively. He was again nominated for an Oscar for scoring Steven Soderberghs The Good German, at the Oscar ceremony, he appeared in the opening segment by Errol Morris, who jokingly stated that Newman had been nominated for and failed to win an Oscar eight times. Newman replied, No, Ive failed seven but this will be my eighth, and indeed, he again lost and his first score since The Good German was for the 2008 animated film WALL-E, collaborating for the second time with director Andrew Stanton. The film won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, Newman received two Oscar nominations, one for Best Original Score, and another for Best Original Song for Down to Earth, which he co-wrote with Peter Gabriel

8.
Touchstone Pictures
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Touchstone Pictures is an American film distribution label of Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Previously, Touchstone operated as an film production banner of Walt Disney Studios. Touchstone Pictures merely serves as a brand, not a business operation. In 2009, Disney entered into a 5-year, 30-picture distribution deal with DreamWorks Pictures by which DreamWorks productions would be released through the Touchstone banner, Touchstone then distributed DreamWorks films from 2011 to 2016. Due to increased public assumption that Disney films were aimed at children and families, in late 1979, Disney Productions released The Black Hole, a science-fiction movie that was the studios first production to receive a PG rating. Over the next few years, Disney experimented with more PG-rated fare, tron was considered a potential Star Wars-level success film by the film division. A loss of $33 million was registered by the division in 1983 with the majority resulting from Something Wicked This Way Comes. Never Cry Wolf, a 1983 PG release that featured male nudity did well as the studio downplayed the films association with the Disney brand. Touchstone Films was started by then-Disney CEO Ron W. Miller on February 15,1984 as a label for their PG films with an expected 3 to 4 movies released under the label. Touchstones first film was Splash, a hit for grossing $68 million at the domestic box office was released that year. Incoming Disney CEO Michael Eisner and film chief Jeffrey Katzenberg considered renaming the label to Hollywood Pictures, following in 1986, Down and Out in Beverly Hills was another early success for Touchstone and is noted as Disneys first R-rated film. Allowing the momentum to increase with films with Ruthless People, Outrageous Fortune, Tin Men. In April 1985, Touchstone Films were licensed to Showtime/The Movie Channel for five years starting in 1986, Touchstone Films was renamed Touchstone Pictures after the film Ruthless People in 1986. With the Touchstone movies, Disney moved to the top of box office receipts beating out all the major film studios by 1988. In April 1988, Touchstone became a unit of Walt Disney Pictures with newly appointed president Ricardo Mestres, on October 23,1990, The Walt Disney Company formed Touchwood Pacific Partners I to supplant the Silver Screen Partnership series as their movie studios primary funding source. Mestres was appointed president of Hollywood, in 2006, Disney limited Touchstones output to 2 or 3 films in favor of Walt Disney Pictures titles due to an increase in film industry costs. Two Touchstone co-productions flopped at the box office minimized by its co-producers financial contributions to the movies, Disney revived Touchstone in 2009 to serve as a distribution label for DreamWorks Studios films. DreamWorks was expected to allow Disney to release additional family fare that could be used at its parks and on its channels, Disney has been financing DreamWorks productions with an $90 million more available under its agreement if DreamWorks cannot get additional equity funding

Touchstone Pictures
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Touchstone Pictures

9.
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
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Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures is an American film distributor owned by The Walt Disney Company. The division took on its current name in late 2007, which before that had been Buena Vista Pictures Distribution since 1987, before 1953, Walt Disneys productions were distributed by Columbia Pictures, United Artists and RKO Radio Pictures. The name Buena Vista came from the street in Burbank, California, Buena Vistas first release was the Academy Award–winning live-action feature The Living Desert on November 10,1953 along with Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, Buena Vistas first animated release. Notable subsequent releases include the film, Yang Kwei Fei, released in US theaters in September 1956, The Missouri Traveler in March 1958. In April 1960, the company dropped Film from its name, in 1961, Disney incorporated Buena Vista International, distributing its first PG rated film, Take Down, in January 1979. The low-budget movie was not produced by the Disney studios and was acquired from an independent studio, in July 1987, Buena Vista changed its name to Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc. Late in the 1980s, Disney purchased a stake in one of Pacific Theatres chain leading to Disneys Buena Vista Theaters and Pacific to renovate the El Capitan Theatre. The Crest was finished first while El Capitan opened with the premiere of The Rocketeer film on June 19,1991, the corporation purchased a 12. 8% share in Cinergi with its initial public offering in 1994. Soon, BVPD signed a 25 picture distribution deal with Cinergi, the Gaumont Film Company and Walt Disney formed Gaumont Buena Vista International, their joint venture French distribution company, in 1993. In August 1996, Disney and Tokuma Shoten Publishing agreed that Disney would distribute internationally Studio Ghibli animated films, in September 1996, following Disneys acquisition of Capital Cities/ABC, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, Inc. was merged into ABC, Inc. the parent company of that group. In July 1998, Buena Vista Pictures Distribution purchased the Hollywood Masonic Temple building to continue using it as a promotional venue, by 1997, BVPDs share in Cinergi dropped to 5%.4 million and other loans. In 2002, Disney signed a four animated film deal with Vanguard Animation, however, since 2004, BVI and Gaumont dissolved their French distribution joint venture, Gaumont Buena Vista International. Buena Vista International agreed to a deal with MegaStar Joint Venture Company Limited in April 2006 for the Vietnam market. In April 2007, Disney discontinued using the Buena Vista brand in its distribution branding, the distribution deal ended in 2016, after DreamWorks and Disney decided to not renew their agreement in December 2015, with Universal replacing Disney as DreamWorks distributor. By the end of the deal, Disney had distributed 14 of DreamWorks original 30-picture agreement, Disney took complete ownership of the DreamWorks II film library in exchange for loans made to that company. In addition, Disney is the first of three studios that have released at least two billion-dollar films in the same year. Furthermore, Disney is the studio that has achieved this four times, in 2010,2013,2015, and 2016—that latter year of which included four $1 billion releases. Four of the top five highest-grossing animated films have been released by Disney, in addition, four of the top-five opening weekends were Disney releases

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures

10.
The Horse Whisperer (book)
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The Horse Whisperer is a 1995 novel by English author Nicholas Evans. The book was his novel, and gained significant success, becoming the 10th best selling novel in the United States in 1995. This also makes it one of the books of all time. The book was made into a film, also titled The Horse Whisperer, directed by and starring Robert Redford. The novel starts in upstate New York where a girl, Grace Mclean. As they ride up an icy slope, Gulliver slips and hits Pilgrim, both horses fall, dragging the girls onto a road and into a collision with an eighteen wheeler. Judith and Gulliver are killed, while Grace and Pilgrim are severely injured, Grace, left with a partially amputated right leg, is bitter and withdrawn. Graces mother, Annie, is a magazine editor, and her father. The different approaches taken by each of Graces parents in dealing with the accident strain relationships within the family, following the accident, Pilgrim is traumatized and uncontrollable, leading the people looking after him to treat him badly and to suggest that he be put down. Annie refuses to allow her horse to be put down and hears of a horse whisperer and she undertakes a long cross country journey with Pilgrim and Grace to Montana. On the Montana ranch, Tom works with Pilgrim and starts to make progress, both Grace and Annie become happier because the ranch life suits them. During the stay, Annie and Tom become close and eventually begin an affair, despite the progress that Tom has made with Pilgrim, Grace is still unable to ride the horse. Tom attempts a drastic intervention by forcing the horse to lie down and this technique works and horse and rider are reunited. At the party marking the end of Graces and Annies stay in Montana, Grace finds out about the affair, Grace unintentionally rides into a herd of wild mustangs that begin a stampede. Tom rides after her and finds Pilgrim fighting with the mustang stallion, Tom manages to save Grace and Pilgrim, but then deliberately gets himself fatally trampled by the stallion, perhaps because he feels guilty about hurting Grace by having an affair with her mother. Grace, Annie, and Pilgrim return to New York to rebuild their lives with Robert, Grace Maclean —The daughter of Annie and Robert. She was severely injured in an accident at the beginning of the book. Annie Graves —Graces mother, who arranges the journey to the horse whisperer, Robert Maclean —Graces father, and Annies husband

The Horse Whisperer (book)
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First edition cover

11.
Kate Bosworth
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Catherine Ann Kate Bosworth is an American actress and model. She made her debut in The Horse Whisperer and appeared in Remember the Titans. She also had roles in independent films, playing Dawn Schiller in the crime film Wonderland. She also portrayed Lois Lane in Superman Returns, and has had roles in Straw Dogs, Bosworth was born on January 2,1983, in Los Angeles, California. She is the child of Patricia, a homemaker, and Harold Bosworth. She was born with heterochromia iridum, and has a right eye. At the age of six, Bosworths family relocated from San Francisco to various parts of the due to her fathers job. She was raised mainly on the East Coast, spending the rest of her youth in Massachusetts, Bosworth developed an interest in competitive horse racing, and by the age of fourteen, she was a champion equestrian. She graduated from Cohasset High School, in Cohasset, Massachusetts, Bosworths first film role came after an open casting call in New York for the supporting part of Judith in the 1998 film, The Horse Whisperer. The films producers needed someone who was already an experienced horse rider, the film received positive reception from film critics. In 2000, she starred in the series drama Young Americans. That same year, she had a part in the film Remember the Titans. In 2001, Bosworth moved to Los Angeles in hopes of obtaining access to auditions. In his review of the film, Rolling Stones Peter Travers wrote, Bosworth is a star in the making, but even she cant outshine the surfing footage, the film received positive reviews and grossed $40 million at the United States box office. Following the success of Blue Crush, Bosworth took on the role in low-budget Wonderland opposite Val Kilmer. Bosworth played the girlfriend of porn star John Holmes. In 2004, she played the role in romantic comedy Win a Date with Tad Hamilton. The film was critically and financially unsuccessful, also in 2004, Bosworth depicted actress Sandra Dee in Beyond the Sea

12.
Animal euthanasia
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Animal euthanasia is the act of putting an animal to death or allowing it to die by withholding extreme medical measures. Reasons for euthanasia include incurable conditions or diseases, lack of resources to supporting the animal. Euthanasia methods are designed to cause pain and distress. Euthanasia is distinct from animal slaughter and pest control although in cases the procedure is the same. In domesticated animals, this process is referred to by euphemisms such as put down, put to sleep. The methods of anesthesia can be divided into pharmacological and physical methods, acceptable pharmacological methods include injected drugs and gases that first depress the central nervous system and then cardiovascular activity. Acceptable physical methods must first cause rapid loss of consciousness by disrupting the nervous system. The most common methods are discussed here, but there are other methods used in different situations. Unconsciousness, respiratory then cardiac arrest follow rapidly, usually within 30 seconds, observers generally describe the method as leading to a quick and peaceful death. For companion animals euthanized in shelters,14 states in the US now prescribe intravenous injection as the required method. These laws date to 1990, when Georgias Humane Euthanasia Act became the first state law to mandate this method, before that, gas chambers and other means were commonly employed. The Georgia law was resisted by the Georgia Commissioner of Agriculture, Tommy Irvin, in March 2007, he was sued by former State Representative Chesley V. Morton, who wrote the law, and subsequently ordered by the Court to enforce all provisions of the Act. Some veterinarians perform a two-stage process, an injection that simply renders the pet unconscious. This allows the owner the chance to say goodbye to a pet without their emotions stressing the pet. It also greatly mitigates any tendency toward spasm and other involuntary movement which tends to increase the emotional upset that the pets owner experiences, for large animals, the volumes of barbiturates required are considered by some to be impractical, although this is standard practice in the United States. For horses and cattle, other drugs may be available, occasionally, a horse injected with these mixtures may display apparent seizure activity before death. This may be due to cardiac arrest. However, if precautions are taken, this is rarely a problem

Animal euthanasia
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Captive bolt device
Animal euthanasia
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Lethal chamber in the Royal London Institute and Home for Lost and Starving Cats

13.
Horse whisperer
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Natural horsemanship is a collective term for a variety of horse training techniques which have seen rapid growth in popularity since the 1980s. Natural horsemanship promotors face criticism that their techniques are not new and are classical concepts that are simply renamed or repackaged in order to be able to sell products, later classical dressage practitioners such as Antoine de Pluvinel and François Robichon de La Guérinière also emphasized gentle techniques. However, gentle training methods have always had to compete with harsher methods, which appear to obtain faster. Brothers Tom and Bill Dorrance were early modern practitioners, who had background in the Great Basin buckaroo tradition and they had a particularly strong influence on Ray Hunt, who in turn became a significant influence upon Buck Brannaman. Many practitioners claim influence from the Dorrance brothers and Hunt, some having trained directly with these individuals, other practitioners, such as Pat Parelli, came from the rodeo world. Some include work rooted in the use of body language to communicate effectively to the horse. The growth in the acceptance of the techniques has been increasing since the 1970s. Natural horsemanship is a recent term, originating in the western United States. Its origin is widely attributed within the movement to Pat Parelli, however, some trainers linked to the movement, such as Mark Rashid and Tom Moates, have stated their discomfort with the term natural horsemanship. The movement has led people in the horse industry to question traditional practices and to look at learning theory. Some of these techniques are attributable to simple human failings such as ignorance or machismo, still others were attributed to equipment and methods used on rodeo horses in the speed events such as calf roping and barrel racing. However, practitioners of classic, time-honored, humane training methods take issue with the characterization of traditional methods of training as inhumane, noting that gentle techniques have always existed. Techniques and precise theories vary between practitioners of natural horsemanship, but the theme is that they advocate training and handling techniques which they claim are kind. Part of the premise of natural horsemanship is that teaching through pain, like almost all horse training, the principal teaching aid is the use of operant conditioning to reinforce desired behaviours. Punishment by physical force is used in natural horsemanship. Many techniques focus on the use of ground handling to build rapport. Methods include the use of leading and suppling exercises, and training the horse on the line or loose in a round pen. Usually use of a 12 to 14 feet lead rope is promoted, which doubles as a lead line, some, though not all, practitioners work horses bridleless, or consider bridleless work to represent the culmination of their training

Horse whisperer
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A human approaches a semi-wild horse in a non-threatening stance

14.
Montana
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Montana /mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The states name is derived from the Spanish word montaña, Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including Big Sky Country and The Treasure State, and slogans that include Land of the Shining Mountains and more recently The Last Best Place. Montana has a 545-mile border with three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the state to do so. It also borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges, smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total,77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains, the eastern half of Montana is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands. The economy is based on agriculture, including ranching and cereal grain farming. Other significant economic activities include oil, gas, coal and hard rock mining, lumber, the health care, service, and government sectors also are significant to the states economy. Millions of tourists annually visit Glacier National Park, the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, the name Montana comes from the Spanish word Montaña and the Latin word Montana, meaning mountain, or more broadly, mountainous country. Montaña del Norte was the name given by early Spanish explorers to the mountainous region of the west. The name was changed by Representatives Henry Wilson and Benjamin F. Harding, when Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. This time Rep. Samuel Cox, also of Ohio, objected to the name, Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given most of the territory was not mountainous and that a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. Other names such as Shoshone were suggested, but it was decided that the Committee on Territories could name it whatever they wanted, with an area of 147,040 square miles, Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California, the largest landlocked U. S. state, and the worlds 56th largest national state/province subdivision. To the north, Montana shares a 545-mile border with three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the state to do so. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, the states topography is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Most of Montanas 100 or more named mountain ranges are in the western half. The Absaroka and Beartooth ranges in the states south-central part are part of the Central Rocky Mountains

15.
Cherry Jones
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Cherry Jones is an American actress. A five-time Tony Award nominee for her work on Broadway, she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for the 1995 revival of The Heiress and for the 2005 original production of Doubt. She won the 2009 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her role as Allison Taylor on the FOX television series 24 and she has also won three Drama Desk Awards. Jones made her Broadway debut in the 1987 original Broadway production of Stepping Out, other stage credits include Prides Crossing and The Glass Menagerie. Her film appearances include The Horse Whisperer, Erin Brockovich, The Village, Amelia, in 2012, she played Dr. Judith Evans on the NBC drama Awake. Jones was born in Paris, Tennessee, to her mother who was teaching high school and she is a 1978 graduate of the Carnegie Mellon School of Drama. While at CMU, she was one of the earliest actors to work at City Theatre, Jones may be best known for her role as U. S. President Allison Taylor on the Fox series 24, for which she won an Emmy. However, most of her career has been in the theatre and her Broadway performances include Lincoln Centers 1995 production of The Heiress, and also a 2005 production of John Patrick Shanleys play Doubt at the Walter Kerr Theatre. For both roles she earned a Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Play and she is considered to be one of the foremost theater actresses in the United States. In recent years, Jones has ventured into feature films and her screen credits include Cradle Will Rock, The Perfect Storm, Signs, Oceans Twelve and The Village. Jones played President Taylor on the Fox series 24, a role for which she won an Emmy for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. She played the role in the season as well as eighth season. In 2012, Jones starred in the NBC drama series Awake as psychiatrist Dr. Judith Evans, also in 2012, she portrayed Amanda Wingfield in the Loeb Drama Centers revival of Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie alongside Zachary Quinto, Brian J. Smith and Celia Keenan-Bolger. In 2014, Cherry Jones was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame, in 2015 and 2016 Jones had a recurring role on the Primetime Emmy Award-winning Amazon comedy-drama series Transparent in its second and third seasons. She was nominated for the Critics Choice Television Award for Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series for her work in the 2015 season, in 2016, she appeared in Nosedive, an episode of the anthology series Black Mirror. In 1995, when Jones accepted her first Tony Award, she thanked her then-partner, architect Mary OConnor and she started dating actress Sarah Paulson in 2004. When she accepted her Best Actress Tony in 2005 for her work in Doubt, she thanked Laura Wingfield, in 2007, Paulson and Jones declared their love for each other in an interview with Velvetpark at Womens Event 10 for the LGBT Center of New York. Paulson and Jones ended their relationship amicably in 2009, in mid-2015, Jones married her girlfriend, filmmaker Sophie Huber

16.
Jessalyn Gilsig
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She was born on November 30,1971 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, the daughter of Claire, a writer and translator, and Toby Gilsig, an engineer. She began her acting in a voice work part at age 12 for a National Film Board of Canada production, Gilsig attended McGill University in Montreal, from 1989 to 1993, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1993. She later pursued her studies further at Harvard Universitys Institute for Advanced Theater Training. Gilsig began her career as a voice actress and she has done voices in the films such as Masquerade, and for television series such as Young Robin Hood. She moved to New York City in 1995 where she appeared in several off-Broadway plays, however, it was her association with David E. Kelley that led to her starring role in Boston Public. After guest-starring in two episodes of Kelleys The Practice, Gilsig was cast in two episodes of another Kelley program, the short-lived Snoops, following her departure from Boston Public, Gilsig joined the cast of Nip/Tuck in 2003 as Gina Russo, a role she continued until 2008. In 2004, she appeared in five episodes of NYPD Blue, in addition to her extensive credits in television and theatre, Gilsig has appeared in film, beginning with a small role in the 1998 film The Horse Whisperer. She then provided the voice for Kayley in the animated film Quest for Camelot. In 2004 she appeared in Chicks with Sticks, as well as See This Movie, Gilsig went on to play the main role of Terri Schuester on the Fox show, Glee, from 2009-2012. In 2013, Gilsig was a regular, portraying Siggy Haraldson, wife of Earl Haraldson and paramour of Ragnar Lothbroks brother, Rollo. In 2017 she will be joining the cast of Scandal, Gilsig and Salomon have a daughter, Penelope, born on September 26,2006. Gilsig filed for divorce from Salomon on September 8,2010, citing irreconcilable differences, in 2013 Gilsig became an American citizen. Gilsig Goes Public And Grapples With Racism

17.
Jeanette Nolan
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Jeanette Nolan was an American radio, film, and television actress who was nominated for four Emmy Awards, in 1964,1966,1974 and 1978. She continued acting into the 1990s and she appeared regularly in several radio series, Young Dr. Malone, 1939–1940, Cavalcade of America, 1940–1941, Nicolette Moore in One Mans Family, 1947–1950, and The Great Gildersleeve, 1949-1952. She appeared episodically in many more and she made her film debut as Lady Macbeth in Orson Welles 1948 film Macbeth, based on Shakespeares play of the same name. Despite the fact that she and the film received withering reviews at the time, viewers of film noir may know her best as the corrupt wife of a dead police officer in Fritz Langs The Big Heat. She appeared on Rod Camerons syndicated series, State Trooper, Nolan was cast as Emmy Zecker in the 1959 episode Johnny Yuma of the ABC western series, The Rebel, starring Nick Adams. She appeared in two episodes of David Janssens crime drama, Richard Diamond, Private Detective, from 1959-60, she played Annette Deveraux, part-owner of the hotel in the CBS western series, Hotel de Paree, with Earl Holliman. In 1960, she appeared in season 4, episode 7, also, in 1962, season 5, episode 24, as proprietor of a secluded halfway house. She was cast in western films, most notably The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch. Nolan made six guest appearances on CBSs Perry Mason, including the role of murderer Mrs and she portrayed Janet Picard in the episode Woman in the River of the ABC/Warner Brothers detective series Bourbon Street Beat, starring Andrew Duggan. She gave a performance as a crazed old woman in the Parasite Mansion episode of NBCs Thriller. On April 27,1962, she appeared in the episode A Book of Faces on another ABC crime drama, Target, The Corruptors, starring Stephen McNally and she guest starred as Claire Farnham in the episode To Love Is to Live on the psychiatric medical dramaThe Eleventh Hour. She was cast as a teller, Mme. Di Angelo, in the 1963 episode The Black-Robed Ghost of the series, GE True. She was a member of the repertory cast of the The Richard Boone Show, appearing in 13 episodes. In 1963, Nolan was cast as Mrs. Mertens in the episode, Reformation of Willie, on the ABC drama series, Going My Way, coincidentally Going My Way followed the western series, Wagon Train, on the ABC schedule. Nolan herself appeared three times on Wagon Train, in which her husband, John McIntire, co-starred as wagon master Chris Hale from 1961-65. Nolan guest starred three times from 1963-64 on Dr. Kildare and in a 1964 episode of Richard Crennas short-lived Slatterys People, earlier, she had appeared with Crenna and Walter Brennan in their sitcom, The Real McCoys. On November 4,1965, Nolan portrayed the treacherous Ma Burns in The Golden Trail episode of NBCs Laredo, Ma Burns is a supposedly refined woman trying to hijack a presumed gold shipment headed to Laredo from St. Louis

18.
Allison Moorer
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Allison Moorer is an American alternative country singer and the younger sister of Shelby Lynne. She signed to MCA Nashville in 1998 and made her debut on the U. S. Billboard country charts with the release of her debut single A Soft Place to Fall, which reached No.73. Since the release of her debut album Alabama Song, she released seven albums and 11 singles, Moorer was raised in Monroeville, Alabama, just north of Mobile. Raised on George Jones and Tammy Wynette, Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Johnny Cash and Emmylou Harris, she sang harmonies as a toddler, following the murder-suicide of her parents in 1986, she moved into her aunt and uncles home. Not long afterwards, sister Shelby Lynne moved to Nashville for a career in music and she sang harmonies with her sister for a while but returned to Alabama to earn a degree in public relations. She skipped the graduation ceremony to move back to Nashville, there, she met Doyle Butch Primm, an Oklahoma-reared musician who soon became her husband and frequent songwriting partner. In June 1996, she took part in a series of tributes to her songwriter friend, Nashville agent Bobby Cudd was sufficiently impressed to introduce her to producer Tony Brown. After a few meetings, Brown asked her to cut some demos and her song A Soft Place to Fall was tapped for Robert Redfords The Horse Whisperer in 1998, and she also appeared in the movie. Because the ballad earned her an Academy Award nomination, she performed it on the 1999 Oscars ceremony, however, none of her singles from Alabama Song or its follow-up The Hardest Part got much radio play, though both projects were highly praised by critics. Moorers version of the folk song Moonshiner was featured in the 2000 film Songcatcher. When Brown moved from MCA to sister label Universal South, Moorer followed and her 2002 album Miss Fortune earned more raves, but didnt meet sales expectations. She almost got another big break by recording the duet Picture with Kid Rock after Sheryl Crow had bowed out, however, Crow changed her mind, and the Rock/Crow-version became a huge radio hit. Yet, the song was credited on the charts to both Crow and Moorer, in addition, the CD single featuring Moorer sold 500,000 copies and is certified Gold by the RIAA. Her ballad Tumbling Down was featured on the soundtrack of the popular 2002 film The Rookie and her album Show was recorded in one night at the 12th and Porter in Nashville and despite popular belief, it features the first recorded collaboration by both Moorer sisters. After releasing Show and a DVD on Universal South, Moorer moved to independent label Sugar Hill Records, with a slightly rougher edge than past efforts, The Duel was released in April 2004. A year after The Duel, Moorer divorced Primm and married Steve Earle, Earle produced her 2006 album, Getting Somewhere. Moorer wrote all the songs, with the exception of one co-written with Earle and she and Earle were nominated for a Grammy award in the category Best Country Collaboration with Vocals, for the song Days Arent Long Enough from Earles Washington Square Serenade. Moorer gave birth to the couples first child, John Henry Earle, in March 2014, Earle announced that he and Moorer had separated

19.
Buck Brannaman
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One of Brannamans stated goals is to make the animal feel safe and secure around humans so that the horse and rider can achieve a true union. Brannaman was born in 1962 in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, and raised in Montana, Brannaman was for many years a disciple of Ray Hunt, one of the founders of the natural horsemanship movement, and also inspired by Tom and Bill Dorrance. About the clinics, he has noted, the goal for clinics really is to just try to get the human being to understand as much about their horse as I can help them to understand. Brannaman had a childhood, characterized by considerable child abuse at the hands of his father, to the extent that he. He took solace in horses, and learned from his own experiences, Brannaman has written, Ive started horses since I was 12 years old and have been bit, kicked, bucked off and run over. Ive tried every means to contain my horse in an effort to keep from getting myself killed. I started to realize that things would come much easier for me once I learned why a horse does what he does and they trust no one and expect the worst. But patience, leadership, compassion and firmness can help overcome their pasts. In recent years, he has become a speaker for groups outside of the horse world. For me, these principles are really about life, says Brannaman, about living your life so that not making war with the horse. Brannaman is also a skilled trick roper, having performed rope tricks in television commercials since he was six years old, for his roping abilities, Brannaman also holds two spots in the Guinness Book of World Records. Though the book itself was a work of fiction, Evans himself said, the one who truly inspired me was Buck Brannaman. His skill, understanding and his gentle, loving heart have parted the clouds for countless troubled creatures, Buck is the Zen master of the horse world. In that context, Brannaman has noted, Horses are incredibly forgiving and they fill in places were not capable of filling ourselves. Theyve given people a new hope, a new lease on life, a horse really wants to please you, to get along. Brannaman lives with his wife, Mary, in Sheridan, Wyoming, a documentary about Brannaman called Buck, directed by Cindy Meehl, won the U. S. Documentary Competition Audience Award at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and it was purchased by IFC Films under their Sundance Selections label. Further to the documentary Buck a series of DVDs has been produced entitled 7 Clinics which together with his earlier DVD series creates a library of his horsemanship

20.
Natural horsemanship
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Natural horsemanship is a collective term for a variety of horse training techniques which have seen rapid growth in popularity since the 1980s. Natural horsemanship promotors face criticism that their techniques are not new and are classical concepts that are simply renamed or repackaged in order to be able to sell products, later classical dressage practitioners such as Antoine de Pluvinel and François Robichon de La Guérinière also emphasized gentle techniques. However, gentle training methods have always had to compete with harsher methods, which appear to obtain faster. Brothers Tom and Bill Dorrance were early modern practitioners, who had background in the Great Basin buckaroo tradition and they had a particularly strong influence on Ray Hunt, who in turn became a significant influence upon Buck Brannaman. Many practitioners claim influence from the Dorrance brothers and Hunt, some having trained directly with these individuals, other practitioners, such as Pat Parelli, came from the rodeo world. Some include work rooted in the use of body language to communicate effectively to the horse. The growth in the acceptance of the techniques has been increasing since the 1970s. Natural horsemanship is a recent term, originating in the western United States. Its origin is widely attributed within the movement to Pat Parelli, however, some trainers linked to the movement, such as Mark Rashid and Tom Moates, have stated their discomfort with the term natural horsemanship. The movement has led people in the horse industry to question traditional practices and to look at learning theory. Some of these techniques are attributable to simple human failings such as ignorance or machismo, still others were attributed to equipment and methods used on rodeo horses in the speed events such as calf roping and barrel racing. However, practitioners of classic, time-honored, humane training methods take issue with the characterization of traditional methods of training as inhumane, noting that gentle techniques have always existed. Techniques and precise theories vary between practitioners of natural horsemanship, but the theme is that they advocate training and handling techniques which they claim are kind. Part of the premise of natural horsemanship is that teaching through pain, like almost all horse training, the principal teaching aid is the use of operant conditioning to reinforce desired behaviours. Punishment by physical force is used in natural horsemanship. Many techniques focus on the use of ground handling to build rapport. Methods include the use of leading and suppling exercises, and training the horse on the line or loose in a round pen. Usually use of a 12 to 14 feet lead rope is promoted, which doubles as a lead line, some, though not all, practitioners work horses bridleless, or consider bridleless work to represent the culmination of their training

Natural horsemanship
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A human approaches a semi-wild horse in a non-threatening stance

21.
Horse training
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Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans. Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities. Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport, today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits. Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, there is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods. Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler, however, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below. The see also section of this article links to more specific information about various schools. The range of training techniques and training goals is large, horses, like other animals, differ in brain structure from humans and thus do not have the same type of thinking and reasoning ability as human beings. Thus, the human has the responsibility to think about how to use the psychology of the horse to lead the animal into an understanding of the goals of the human trainer. Horses are social animals and, when properly handled, can learn to follow. Horses, as animals, have an inborn fight or flight instinct that has to be adapted to human needs. Horses need to be taught to rely upon humans to determine when fear or flight is a response to new stimuli. Like most animals, a horse will more easily adapt to human expectations than an older one. Regardless of the goal of training, most horses go through a series of steps on their way to being finished animals for a given discipline. Most young domesticated horses are handled at birth or within the first few days of life, though some are handled for the first time when they are weaned from their mothers. Within a few hours of birth, a foal being imprinted will have a human touch it all over, pick up its feet, and introduce it to human touch and voice. Others may leave a foal alone for its first few hours or days, however, even people who do not advocate imprinting often still place value on handling a foal a great deal while it is still nursing and too small to easily overpower a human. By doing so, the foal ideally will learn that humans will not harm it, while a foal is far too young to be ridden, it is still able to learn skills it will need later in life. The young horse needs to be calm for basic grooming, as well as veterinary care such as vaccinations, a foal needs regular hoof care and can be taught to stand while having its feet picked up and trimmed by a farrier

Horse training
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A horse being trained on the longe line.
Horse training
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Effective communication and harmony between horse and rider are among the goals of proper training
Horse training
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Horses too young to be ridden are trained to accept a halter, taught basic skills, manners, and become accustomed to human activity. Some, like this yearling, are shown in conformation classes.
Horse training
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A young horse in Europe being longed with a surcingle and side reins

22.
Horse behavior
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Horse behavior is best understood from the view that horses are prey animals with a well-developed fight-or-flight response. Nonetheless, because of their horses are also suited to a number of work. Humans domesticated horses thousands of years ago, and they have used by humans ever since. Through selective breeding, some breeds of horses have been bred to be quite docile, on the other hand, most light horse riding breeds were developed for speed, agility, alertness, and endurance, building on natural qualities that extended from their wild ancestors. Horses instincts can be used to advantage to create a bond between human and horse. These techniques vary, but are part of the art of horse training, Horses evolved from small mammals whose survival depended on their ability to flee from predators. This survival mechanism still exists in the domestic horse. Humans have removed many predators from the life of the horse, however. If running is not possible, the resorts to biting, kicking, striking. Many of the natural behavior patterns, such as herd-formation. The fight-or-flight response involves nervous impulses which result in hormone secretions into the bloodstream, when a horse reacts to a threat, it may initially freeze in preparation to take flight. The fight-or-flight reaction begins in the amygdala, which triggers a response in the hypothalamus. The initial reaction is followed by activation of the pituitary gland, the adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously and releases the neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine. The release of chemical messengers results in the production of the hormone cortisol, which increases blood pressure and blood sugar, catecholamine hormones, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent muscular action. However, the supply of oxygen and glucose to these areas is at the expense of non-essential flight organs, such as the skin. Once the horse has removed itself from danger, the body is returned to more normal conditions via the parasympathetic nervous system. This is also known as the rest and digest state, Horses are highly social herd animals that prefer to live in a group. There also is a dominance hierarchy in any herd

23.
Animal abuse
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Cruelty to animals sometimes encompasses inflicting harm or suffering for personal amusement, as in zoosadism. Laws concerning animal cruelty are designed to prevent the needless cruelty, divergent approaches to such laws occur in different jurisdictions throughout the world. For example, some laws govern methods of killing animals for food, clothing, or other products, Cruelty to animals is not necessarily the same thing as disrespect towards animals. In broad terms, there are three approaches to the issue of cruelty to animals. Utilitarian advocates argue from the position of costs and benefits and vary in their conclusions as to the treatment of animals. Some utilitarians argue for an approach which is closer to the animal welfare position. Animal rights theorists criticize these positions, arguing that the unnecessary and humane are subject to widely differing interpretations. They say that the way to ensure protection for animals is to end their status as property. Certain thinkers, however, still viewed cruelty against animals as an injustice, renaissance polymath Leonardo da Vincis regard for animal welfare, for example, is well-documented. He was particularly troubled by the sight of birds in captivity, da Vinci also expressed anger within his notebooks with the fact that humans use their strength and power to raise animals for slaughter. René Descartes contrarily believed that non-humans are automata, complex machines with no soul, mind, in Cartesian dualism, consciousness was unique to human among all other animals and linked to physical matter by divine grace. However, close analysis shows that many features such as complex sign usage, tool use. Charles Darwin, by presenting the theory of evolution, revolutionized the way that humans viewed their relationship with other species, Darwin believed that not only did human beings have a direct kinship with other animals, but the latter had social, mental and moral lives too. Later, in The Descent of Man, he wrote, There is no difference between man and the higher mammals in their mental faculties. Some philosophers and intellectuals, such as Peter Singer and Tom Regan, have argued that animals ability to feel pain as humans does make their well-being worthy of equal consideration, There are many precursors of this train of thought. Jeremy Bentham, the founder of utilitarianism, famously wrote in his An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, The question is not, can they reason nor can they talk. These arguments have prompted some to suggest that animals well-being should enter a social welfare function directly, in one survey of United States homeowners, 68% of respondents said they actually consider the price of meat a more important issue. Animal cruelty can be broken down into two categories, active and passive

Animal abuse
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The Second Stage of Cruelty – Coachman Beating a Fallen Horse, from the series The Four Stages of Cruelty by William Hogarth, 1751, depicting the beating and prodding of various domesticated animals
Animal abuse
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Man beating a chained pitbull terrier with a strap. The strap is visible in the foreground.
Animal abuse
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Starved and bruised horse eating at a veterinary clinic after rescue
Animal abuse
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Egg laying hens

24.
Equestrianism
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Equestrianism, more often known as riding, horseback riding or horse riding, refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses. This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises, Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch. They are also used in sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving. Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, Horses are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking. There is public access to trails in almost every part of the world, many parks, ranches. Horses are also used for therapeutic purposes, both in specialized paraequestrian competition as well as non-competitive riding to improve health and emotional development. Horses are also driven in harness racing, at shows and in other types of exhibition, historical reenactment or ceremony. In some parts of the world, they are used for practical purposes such as farming. Horses continue to be used in service, in traditional ceremonies, police and volunteer mounted patrols. Riding halls enable the training of horse and rider in all weathers as well as indoor competition riding, though there is controversy over the exact date horses were domesticated and when they were first ridden, the best estimate is that horses first were ridden approximately 3500 BC. Indirect evidence suggests that horses were ridden long before they were driven, however, the most unequivocal early archaeological evidence of equines put to working use was of horses being driven. Chariot burials about 2500 BC present the most direct evidence of horses used as working animals. In ancient times chariot warfare was followed by the use of war horses as light, the horse played an important role throughout human history all over the world, both in warfare and in peaceful pursuits such as transportation, trade and agriculture. Horses lived in North America, but died out at the end of the Ice Age, Horses were brought back to North America by European explorers, beginning with the second voyage of Columbus in 1493. Humans appear to have expressed a desire to know which horse were the fastest. Gambling on horse races appears to go hand-in hand with racing and has a history as well. Thoroughbreds have the pre-eminent reputation as a breed, but other breeds also race. Under saddle, Thoroughbred horse racing is the most popular form worldwide, in the UK, it is known as flat racing and is governed by the Jockey Club in the United Kingdom

Equestrianism
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A young rider at a horse show in Australia
Equestrianism
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Central Park - New York in May, 1940
Equestrianism
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A young Tibetan rider. Horse riding is an essential means of transportation in parts of the world where the landscape does not permit other means
Equestrianism
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Prehistoric cave painting, depicting a horse and rider

25.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946

The New York Times
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Cover of The New York Times (November 15, 2012), with the headline story reporting on Operation Pillar of Defense.
The New York Times
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First published issue of New-York Daily Times, on September 18, 1851.
The New York Times
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The Times Square Building, The New York Times ‍ '​ publishing headquarters, 1913–2007
The New York Times
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The New York Times newsroom, 1942

26.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa

Rotten Tomatoes
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60–100%
Rotten Tomatoes
Rotten Tomatoes
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≤0-59%

27.
Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a color of Green, Yellow or Red summarizes the critics recommendations and therefore the general appeal of the product to reviewers and, to a lesser extent, the public. It is regarded as the game industrys foremost review aggregator. Metacritics scoring converts each review into a percentage, either mathematically from the mark given, before being averaged, the scores are weighted according to the critics fame, stature, and volume of reviews. Metacritic was launched in July 1999 by Marc Doyle, his sister Julie Doyle Roberts, rotten Tomatoes was already compiling movie reviews, but Doyle, Roberts, and Dietz saw an opportunity to cover a broader range of media. They sold Metacritic to CNET in 2005, CNET and Metacritic are now owned by the CBS Corporation. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote in September 2004, Mr. Doyle,36, is now a product manager at CNET. Speaking of video games, Doyle said, A site like ours helps people cut through. unobjective promotional language and he added that the review process was not taken as seriously when unconnected magazines and websites provided reviews in isolation. In August 2010, the appearance was revamped, reaction from users was overwhelmingly negative. Certain publications are given more significance because of their stature, games Editor Marc Doyle was interviewed by Keith Stuart of The Guardian to get a look behind the metascoring process. Stuart wrote, the phenomenon, namely Metacritic and GameRankings, have become an enormously important element of online games journalism over the past few years. The ranging of metascores is, Metacritic is regarded as the foremost online review site for the video game industry. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal has written that Metacritic influence the sales of games and he explains its influence as coming from the higher cost of buying video games than music or movie tickets. Many executives say that low scores can hurt the sales potential. He claimed that a number of businesses and financial analysts use Metacritic as an early indicator of a games potential sales and, by extension. In 2004, Jason Hall of Warner Bros. began including quality metrics in contracts with partners licensing its movies for games, if a product does not at least achieve a specific score, some deals require the publisher to pay higher royalties. In 2008, Microsoft began using Metacritic averages to de-list underperforming Xbox Live Arcade games and these are the top 10 individual games with the highest scores on the site as of 2 April 2017

Metacritic
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Metacritic

28.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze

29.
The Prince of Egypt
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The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic biblical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by DreamWorks Pictures. The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt. Directed by Brenda Chapman, Steve Hickner, and Simon Wells, the featured songs written by Stephen Schwartz. The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a role, Ralph Fiennes, Michelle Pfeiffer, Sandra Bullock, Jeff Goldblum, Danny Glover, Patrick Stewart, Helen Mirren, Steve Martin. The film has a blend of animation and CGI, created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics. Theatrically released on December 18,1998, and on video on September 14,1999, reviews were generally positive, with critics praising the animation, music. The film went on to gross over $218 million worldwide in theaters, the films success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph, King of Dreams and the development of a stage adaptation. The song When You Believe became a successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey. Fearing for her own newborn sons safety, Yocheved places him in a basket afloat on the Nile River, not before bidding him farewell with a final but powerful lullaby. Miriam follows the basket to the Pharaohs palace and witnesses her baby brother safely adopted by Queen Tuya, years later, Moses and his brother Rameses are scolded by their father for accidentally destroying a temple during one of their youthful misadventures. At Moses suggestion, Seti, seeking to give Rameses the opportunity to prove that he is responsible, names him Prince Regent and gives him authority over Egypts temples. As a tribute, the high priests Hotep and Huy offer him a beautiful young Midianite woman, Tzipporah, later that evening, Moses follows Tzipporah as she escapes from the palace and runs into the now-adult Miriam and Aaron, but he does not recognize them. Miriam then sings her mothers lullaby, which Moses remembers, he returns to the palace, the truth about his past is later confirmed by a nightmare, and finally by Seti himself, who disturbs Moses by claiming the Hebrews are only slaves. The next morning, Moses accidentally kills an Egyptian guard while trying to stop him from whipping a Hebrew slave, horrified and ashamed, Moses flees into the desert in exile, despite Rameses pleas to stay. While in the desert Moses defends three young girls from bandits, only to find out their older sister is Tzipporah, Moses is welcomed by Tzipporahs father and the high priest of Midian, Jethro. After assimilating this new culture, Moses becomes a shepherd and marries Tzipporah, one day, while chasing a stray lamb, Moses discovers a burning bush through which God tells him to go back to Egypt and guide the Hebrew slaves to freedom. God bestows Moses shepherding staff with his power and promises that he will tell Moses what to say, Moses and Tzipporah return to Egypt, where Moses is happily greeted by Rameses, who is now Pharaoh. Rather than be persuaded, Rameses hardens and doubles the Hebrews workload, Moses inflicts nine of the Plagues of Egypt, but Rameses refuses to relent and, against Moses warning, vows to never release the Hebrew slaves

The Prince of Egypt
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Theatrical release poster

30.
National Geographic Channel
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The channel airs non-fiction television programs produced by National Geographic and other production companies. Its primary sister network worldwide, including the United States, is Nat Geo Wild, as of February 2015, National Geographic Channel is available to approximately 86,144,000 pay television households in the United States. In September 1997, the first National Geographic Channels were launched in the United Kingdom, Europe, in July 1998, National Geographic Channel Asia was launched in partnership and distribution with STAR TV. Today, the channel is available in over 143 countries, seen in more than 160 million homes, according to people connected to the channel, it was first launched in the country due to the sales success of the magazine National Geographic. In the United States, the National Geographic Channel, launched on January 12,2001, is a joint venture of National Geographic Television & Film, National Geographic provides programming expertise and the Fox Networks Group provides its expertise on distribution, marketing, and advertising sales. In the same year a Latin American version of the channel was released, in Australia, National Geographic Channel is carried by Foxtel, Optus, Austar, Neighbourhood Cable, TransTV, and SelecTV. The Australian version includes Australian guest presenters of promotional material and to certain programs, series. In New Zealand, National Geographic Channel is broadcast on SKY Network Television, in South Africa, the channel is carried by Digital Satellite Television MultiChoices multi-channel digital satellite television service in Africa. In the Middle East, an Arabic version is broadcasting free to air on Nilesat as National Geographic Abu Dhabi and it is co-owned by the National Geographic Society/Fox International Channels and Abu Dhabi Media Company. In India, the channel was launched on July 1,1998, the 2000s, A New Reality, also narrated by Lowe, premiered on July 12,2015. On November 14,2016, National Geographic Channel was rebranded as National Geographic and it was originally composed in 1964 for the Societys television specials, which were broadcast on CBS, ABC, PBS and NBC from 1964 until the early 2000s. Designed to offer a music video channel for both international and smaller independent local labels with a focus on cultural lyrics and rhythms. Nat Geo Music became available in Italy on October 15,2007, Nat Geo Junior is available in Belgium, India, and the Netherlands and is formatted specifically for children. Nat Geo Junior is also featured as a block on the National Geographic Channel in Asia. The United States 720p high definition simulcast of the National Geographic Channel launched in January 2006 and it is available on all major cable and satellite providers. In Canada, the Canadian version of NGC HD launched on December 19,2006. It is available nationally via the two satellite services, Shaw Direct on channel 276, Bell TV on channel 828, Videotron on channel 754. In Australia, this channel has been available on the Foxtel HD+ service since July 1,2008, in Asia Pacific, this channel was the first channel to support 1080i HD and 5. 1-channel surround sound

National Geographic Channel
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National Geographic Channel

31.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time

CBS
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Paley's management saw a twentyfold increase in gross income in his first decade.
CBS
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Wholesome Kate Smith, Paley's choice for La Palina Hour, was unthreatening to home and hearth
CBS
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When Charlie Chaplin finally allowed the world to hear his voice after 20 years of mime, he chose CBS's airwaves to do it on.
CBS
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CBS west coast headquarters reflected its industry stature while hosting its top Hollywood talent.

32.
Ghost Whisperer
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Ghost Whisperer is an American television supernatural drama series, which ran on CBS from September 23,2005, to May 21,2010. The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon, who has the ability to see, while trying to live a normal life as possible—she is married and owns an antique store—Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the light, or the spirit world. Her tasks are difficult and at times she struggles with people who push her away, in addition, the ghosts are mysterious and sometimes menacing in the beginning and Melinda must use the clues available to her to understand the spirits needs and help them. The show was created by John Gray and was produced by Sander/Moses Productions, executive producer, on May 18,2010, CBS canceled the show after five seasons. Melinda Gordon is a woman from the town of Grandview, New York. Melinda lives with her husband, Jim Clancy, and later their son Aiden and she owns a shop called Same As It Never Was Antiques. Ghosts seek Melindas help in relaying a message or completing a task that will put the spirit to rest and those who died with unfinished business become earthbound and cannot cross over, and Melinda, as their earthly representative, helps them to find peace. The show does not present the ghosts as having sinned, rather it is the spirits own guilt that condemns them, the series also starred Aisha Tyler as Andrea Marino, Melindas best friend, who runs the antique shop with her. Andrea is killed in the first-season finale, during the second season, Melinda meets Delia Banks, a struggling real estate agent who forms a friendship with Melinda and who eventually agrees to run the antique shop with her. Delia is shocked to find out about Melindas abilities, in fact, Delia eventually accepts Melindas gift, though she remains skeptical at times. Delia has a son named Ned Banks who finds out about Melindas gift long before his mother does, Melinda also forms a friendship with Rick Payne, a professor at Rockland University. He helps Melinda solve the conflicts of ghosts throughout the second and he departs in the fourth-season premiere for an expedition in the Himalayas. Ghost Whisperer is based in part on the work of Mary Ann Winkowski, development of the show dates back to at least two years before its premiere. James Van Praagh was a producer and consultant on the show. The show was produced by Sander/Moses Productions in association with CBS Television Studios, the show was filmed on the Universal Studios back lot in Los Angeles. One area on the lot is Courthouse Square from the Back to the Future trilogy, for example, the clock tower in Back to the Future has been completely covered up. The front of Melinda and Jims house is also the set used by the Finch family in the film adaptation of To Kill A Mockingbird. Cast and crew said they believed that the set got visits from real spirits

Ghost Whisperer
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Ghost Whisperer title card

33.
Jennifer Love Hewitt
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Jennifer Love Hewitt is an American actress, television producer and director, singer/songwriter and author. Hewitt began her career as a child by appearing in television commercials. She rose to fame for her role as Sarah Reeves Merrin on the Fox teen drama Party of Five and she later starred in the horror film I Know What You Did Last Summer and its 1998 sequel. From 2005 to 2010, Hewitt starred as Melinda Gordon on the CBS supernatural drama Ghost Whisperer and she later starred on the Lifetime drama series The Client List from 2012 to 2013, and was previously nominated for a Golden Globe Award for the pilot film. From 2014 to 2015, she starred as Special Agent Kate Callahan on the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds, in addition to acting, she has served as a producer on some of her film and television projects. As a singer, Hewitt has been signed by Atlantic Records and Jive Records and she has released four studio albums, including Love Songs, Lets Go Bang, Jennifer Love Hewitt and BareNaked. Her most successful single on the Billboard Hot 100 is the 1999 release How Do I Deal and she has also contributed music to the promotion or soundtracks of acting projects. Hewitt was identified as the number one choice on the November 1999. TV Guide named her the sexiest woman on television in 2008, Hewitt was born in Waco, Texas, to Patricia Mae, a speech-language pathologist, and Herbert Daniel Hewitt, a medical technician. Hewitt grew up in Nolanville, in Central Texas, and has close ties in parts of Arkansas. After their parents divorced, Hewitt and her older brother Todd were raised by their mother, Patricia Mae Hewitt died on June 12,2012, aged 67, following a battle with cancer. As a young girl, Hewitt was attracted to music, which led to her first encounters with the entertainment industry, at the age of three, she sang The Greatest Love of All at a livestock show. The following year, at a hall, she entertained an audience with her version of Help Me Make it Through the Night. By age five, she had tap dancing and ballet in her portfolio, at nine, she became a member of the Texas Show Team. In Los Angeles, she attended Lincoln High School where her classmates included Jonathan Neville, after moving to Los Angeles, Hewitt appeared in more than twenty television commercials, including some for Mattel toys. Her first break came as an actor on the Disney Channel variety show Kids Incorporated. She later appeared in the action video short Dance. Workout with Barbie, released by Buena Vista and she played Pierce Brosnans daughter in a pilot for NBC called Running Wilde, which featured Brosnan as a reporter for Auto World magazine, whose stories cover his own wild auto adventures

34.
The Simpsons
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The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a depiction of working-class life epitomized by the Simpson family, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa. The show is set in the town of Springfield and parodies American culture, society, television. The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks, Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after members of his own family, substituting Bart for his own name. The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19,1987. After a three-season run, the sketch was developed into a prime time show and became an early hit for Fox. Since its debut on December 17,1989,615 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast and its 28th season began on September 25,2016. It is the longest-running American sitcom and the longest-running American animated program, the Simpsons Movie, a feature-length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27,2007, and grossed over $527 million. On May 4,2015, the series was renewed for seasons 27 and 28, on November 4,2016, the series was renewed for seasons 29 and 30, consisting of 22 episodes each. The Simpsons received widespread critical acclaim throughout its first nine or ten seasons, Time named it the 20th centurys best television series, and Erik Adams of The A. V. Club named it televisions crowning achievement regardless of format, on January 14,2000, the Simpson family was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It has won dozens of awards since it debuted as a series, including 31 Primetime Emmy Awards,30 Annie Awards, Homers exclamatory catchphrase Doh. has been adopted into the English language, while The Simpsons has influenced many adult-oriented animated sitcoms. Despite this, the show has also criticized for what many perceive as a decline in quality over the years. The Simpsons are a family who live in a fictional Middle American town of Springfield, Homer, the father, works as a safety inspector at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, a position at odds with his careless, buffoonish personality. He is married to Marge Simpson, a stereotypical American housewife, although the family is dysfunctional, many episodes examine their relationships and bonds with each other and they are often shown to care about one another. The family owns a dog, Santas Little Helper, and a cat, Snowball V, renamed Snowball II in I, both pets have had starring roles in several episodes. The show includes an array of supporting characters, co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople. The creators originally intended many of these characters as jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town

35.
Vin Diesel
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Mark Sinclair, better known by his stage name Vin Diesel, is an American actor, producer, director and screenwriter. He is well known for his portrayals of Dominic Toretto in The Fast, Riddick in The Chronicles of Riddick series and Xander Cage in xXx series. He was also a producer on sequels in these franchises, Diesel has also starred in films such as The Pacifier and Find Me Guilty. His voice acting work includes The Iron Giant, the video game spin-offs from The Chronicles of Riddick franchise and he wrote, directed, produced, and starred in a short film titled Multi-Facial and the feature-length drama film Strays. He is the founder of the production companies One Race Films, Racetrack Records, Diesel was born as Mark Sinclair in Alameda County, California, along with his twin brother, Paul. His mother, Delora Sherleen Vincent, is an astrologer, Diesel has stated that he is of ambiguous ethnicity. His mothers background includes English, German, and Scottish and he has never met his biological father, and has stated that all I know from my mother is that I have connections to many different cultures. Diesel has self-identified as definitely a person of colour, and has stated that his parents relationship would have been illegal in parts of the United States due to anti-miscegenation laws. He was raised in New York City by his Caucasian mother and African-American stepfather, Irving H. Vincent, Diesel made his stage debut at age seven when he appeared in the childrens play Dinosaur Door, written by Barbara Garson. The play was produced at Theater for the New City in New Yorks Greenwich Village and his involvement in the play came about when he, his brother, and some friends had broken into the Theater for the New Citys space on Jane Street with the intent to vandalize it. They were confronted by the artistic director, Crystal Field. Diesel remained involved with the theater throughout adolescence, going on to attend the citys Hunter College and he has identified himself as a multi-faceted actor as a result of early difficulties finding roles due to his mixed heritage. Diesels first film role was an uncredited appearance in the drama film Awakenings. He then wrote, directed, produced, and starred in the drama film Multi-Facial. The film was selected for screening at the 1995 Cannes Festival, Diesel made his first feature-length film, Strays, an urban drama in which he played a gang leader whose love for a woman inspires him to try to change his ways. Written, directed, and produced by Diesel, the film was selected for competition at the 1997 Sundance Festival and he was then cast in Steven Spielbergs 1998 Oscar-winning film Saving Private Ryan on the poignancy of his performance in Multi-Facial. In 1999, he provided the voice of the character in the animated film The Iron Giant. Diesel had a role in the drama thriller Boiler Room

36.
The Pacifier
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The Pacifier is a 2005 action comedy film directed by Adam Shankman and written by Thomas Lennon and Robert Ben Garant. The film was released in March 2005 by Walt Disney Pictures, U. S. Navy SEAL Lieutenant Shane Wolfe is assigned to rescue Howard Plummer, a man working on a top-secret government project, from a group of Serbian rebels. Shane and his team get Plummer off a boat, though while boarding the escape helicopter. Plummer is killed in the attack, and Shane spends two months in the hospital, Wolfes commanding officer, Captain Bill Fawcett, is assigned to escort Plummers widow, Julie, to Zürich, where Plummers safety deposit box has been discovered. The kids prove to be difficult to handle, even with the help of nanny Helga and that night, Zoe yells at Shane when he stops a teenager party she held at the house, just as two ninjas invade the house, intending to find GHOST. Shane fights them off and explains the GHOST situation to Zoe and the kids, later, Murney informs Shane that Seth has cut and bleached his hair, has a Nazi armband in his locker, and has skipped every wrestling practice for a month. At home, Seth tells Shane he only joined the team because of his father. After Seth sneaks out of the house, Shane leaves Zoe in charge and follows him to the town theater, the director quits when he believes the show will be a failure. Encouraged by Shane, Seth quits the team and stands up for himself when Murney berates him for doing this. Shane challenges Murney to a match in front of the entire school. The training Shane gives the Firefly Scouts becomes useful when they again have a conflict with the thuggish scouts. Zoe and Shane share stories of their fathers, both of whom died in similar circumstances and they are interrupted by a phone call from Julie, who has figured out the password, retrieved a key from a box, and is on her way home. The kids immediately plan a Welcome Home party and that evening, Shane discovers a secret vault underneath the garage, which requires a key to open. When Bill and Julie arrive home, Bill and Shane go to the garage, the two ninjas arrive armed and pull off their masks, revealing themselves as the Plummers North Korean neighbors, the Chuns. Bill suddenly knocks out Shane, revealing himself to be a double agent, Mr. Chun restrains and guards the children while Bill and Mrs. Chun take Julie down to the vault. They open the door, but a security system prevents them from going further. The children escape and awaken Shane, who sends the kids to get the police while he goes to the vault to help Julie, Mr. Chun follows them in his car, with Zoe at the wheel, the kids force him to crash. Shane gets past the security using an dance Howard had used to make Peter go to sleep each night

The Pacifier
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Theatrical release poster

37.
Saving Private Brian
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Saving Private Brian is the fourth episode of season five of Family Guy, an episode produced for Season 4. The episode originally broadcast on November 5,2006, the episode follows Stewie and Brian after they unintentionally join the United States Army, and end up leaving to serve in Iraq, only to return home when the war ends. Meanwhile, Chris joins a heavy band, and develops an anti-social attitude. The episode was written by Cherry Chevapravatdumrong and directed by Cyndi Tang and it received mostly positive reviews from critics for its storyline and many cultural references. According to Nielsen ratings, it was viewed in 8.45 million homes in its original airing, the episode featured guest performances by Gary Cole, Louis Gossett, Jr. A U. S. Army recruitment officer comes to the school to hold an assembly and entices the students with a glamorized, deceptive video presentation. Chris returns home and tells the family during dinner that he wants to enlist, the two arrive at the office but the wait is long, when Brian goes to top-up the parking meter Stewie walks into the office. Stewie ends up enlisting in the Army and signs Brian up as well when there is a $100 bonus for signing up a buddy. Brian and Stewie begin basic training, but Brian becomes stressed from the discipline, with this, Brian decides to stay. After they complete their training, Stewie and Brian are deployed to Iraq and they first attempt to be discharged by pretending to be homosexual. They are then told that democracy has kicked in and the war is over, meanwhile, to distract Chris from the Army, Peter takes him to look at extracurricular activities at his school, where he is accepted into a heavy metal band. Chris develops a rebellious and rude attitude after joining the band, Peter and Lois, worried about his behavior, search his room to find the cause of his behavioral change, Lois becomes convinced it is a result of listening to the violent lyrics from his music. In addition, they find a shrine to Marilyn Manson in his closet. They decide to track down Manson and find him at the Grammys Music Awards, when they find Manson, Peter punches him in the face and Lois accuses him for destroying their son with his songs. Manson, played by writer Tom Devanney, laughing at this old thing again, the scene in which recruitment officers enter public schools in an attempt to recruit children is based on real life, as the Army has often sent recruitors to high schools for seniors. More recently they have started with the younger grades even though there is an age for enlistment. The duo return in Back to the Woods, with Vern as a ghost, upon the receiving of the news that democracy has come to Iraq, one scene shows a man having a knife held to his throat, which caused some controversy after the episode was broadcast. Stewie also knowingly breaks the wall in the episode, by speaking in a manner as if he were talking to the audience

Saving Private Brian
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Louis Gossett, Jr. guest starred in the episode.
Saving Private Brian
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French soccer player Zinedine Zidane as he appears in the episode, headbutting an old lady as part of her birthday telegram.

38.
Family Guy
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Family Guy is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series centers on the Griffins, a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois, their children Meg, Chris, and Stewie, and their anthropomorphic pet dog Brian. The show is set in the city of Quahog, Rhode Island. The family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films, The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve, MacFarlane redesigned the films protagonist, Larry, and his dog, Steve, and renamed them Peter and Brian, respectively. MacFarlane pitched a pilot to Fox in 1998, and the show was greenlit. Shortly after the season of Family Guy had aired in 2002, Fox canceled the series. Adult Swim burned off the episode in 2003, finishing the original run. However, favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004 for a fourth season, since its debut on January 31,1999,286 episodes of Family Guy have been broadcast. Its fifteenth season began on September 25,2016, Family Guy has been nominated for 12 Primetime Emmy Awards and 11 Annie Awards, and has won three of each. In 2009, it was nominated for an Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series, Family Guy has also received criticism, including unfavorable comparisons to The Simpsons. In 2008, MacFarlane confirmed that the cast was interested in producing a feature film, a spin-off series, The Cleveland Show, featuring Cleveland Brown, aired from September 27,2009, to May 19,2013. The Simpsons Guy, an episode with The Simpsons, aired on September 28,2014. Family Guy is a joint production by Fuzzy Door Productions and 20th Century Fox Television, in 2013, TV Guide ranked Family Guy the ninth Greatest TV Cartoon of All Time. On May 15,2016, Family Guy was renewed for a fifteenth season, living with the family is their witty, smoking, martini-swilling, sarcastic, English-speaking anthropomorphic dog Brian, though he is still considered a pet in many respects. Recurring characters appear alongside the Griffin family, TV news anchors Tom Tucker and Diane Simmons, Asian reporter Tricia Takanawa, and Blaccu-Weather meteorologist Ollie Williams also make frequent appearances. Actors Adam West and James Woods guest star as themselves in various episodes, the primary setting of Family Guy is Quahog, a fictional district of Providence, Rhode Island that was founded by Peters ancestor Griffin Peterson. MacFarlane resided in Providence during his time as a student at Rhode Island School of Design, MacFarlane often borrows the names of Rhode Island locations and icons such as Pawtucket and Buddy Cianci for use in the show. MacFarlane, in an interview with a program on WNAC-TV, Channel 64 in Providence, stated that the town is modeled after Cranston

39.
Peter Griffin
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Peter Griffin is the main protagonist and title character of the American animated sitcom Family Guy. He is voiced by cartoonist Seth MacFarlane and first appeared on television, along with the rest of the family, Peter was created and designed by MacFarlane himself. After the pilot was given the light, The Griffin family appeared on the episode Death Has a Shadow. Peter is married to Lois Griffin and is the father of Meg, Chris and he also has a dog named Brian, with whom he is best friends. He has worked at a toy factory, and at Quahogs Brewery, despite the suburban blue-collar routine of his life, he has had a number of remarkable experiences. Peters voice was inspired by the security guards that MacFarlane heard at his school and his appearance was a redesign of the protagonist Larry from MacFarlanes previous animated short films The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve. and the Family Guy spin-off The Cleveland Show. Peter Griffin is a middle class Irish American, who is a bespectacled, overweight blue collar worker with a prominent Rhode Island, Peter and his wife Lois have three children, Meg, Chris, and Stewie. He is the son of Thelma Griffin and Mickey McFinnigan. Peter and his live in the fictional town of Quahog, Rhode Island. More Powerful than Superman, Batman, Spider-Man, and The Incredible Hulk Put Together and he now works in the shipping department of the Pawtucket Patriot brewery. Peter is also shown in various jobs for single episodes and cutaway gags, in one episode Peter played for the New England Patriots until his behavior resulted in him being kicked off the team. In a running gag, storylines are randomly interrupted by extremely long and these battles parody the action film genre, with explosions, high-speed chases, and immense devastation to the town of Quahog. MacFarlane initially conceived Family Guy in 1995 while studying animation at the Rhode Island School of Design, during college, he created his thesis film entitled The Life of Larry, which was submitted by his professor at RISD to Hanna-Barbera. MacFarlane was hired by the company, executives at Fox saw the Larry shorts and contracted MacFarlane to create a series, entitled Family Guy, based on the characters. Fox proposed MacFarlane complete a 15-minute short, and gave him a budget of $50,000, several aspects of Family Guy were inspired by the Larry shorts. While working on the series, the characters of Larry and his dog Steve slowly evolved into Peter and Brian. MacFarlane stated that the difference between The Life of Larry and Family Guy was that Life of Larry was shown primarily in my dorm room, the voice of Peter is provided by MacFarlane, who also provides the voice for Brian, Stewie and Quagmire. MacFarlane also provides the voices for various other recurring and one-time only characters, most prominently those of news anchor Tom Tucker, Carter Pewterschmidt, and Dr. Hartman

Peter Griffin
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MacFarlane based Peter's voice on the voices of security guards and maintenance he had heard talking, while attending the Rhode Island School of Design.
Peter Griffin
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Peter Griffin

40.
Couples Retreat
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Vaughn and Favreau star with Jason Bateman, Faizon Love, Kristin Davis, Malin Åkerman, Kristen Bell, and Jean Reno. It was released on October 9,2009, in the United States, the film was shot mostly on the French Polynesian island of Bora Bora. Dave, a dealer for Guitar Hero, and Ronnie, a mom, are a typical couple raising two young children in the suburbs of Chicago. They experience various stresses including redecorating their house and raising their kids, Joey and Lucy are high school sweethearts with a smart but naive teenage daughter named Lacey. Their relationship is on the rocks and they are considering a divorce once Lacey goes off to college. At Daves sons birthday party, Jason and Cynthia, using PowerPoint, announce their troubled marriage, as a last-ditch effort, they have found a couples therapy resort named Eden. A deal called the Pelican Package is half the normal cost if they can get three other couples to join them, in their presentation, they show beautiful pictures of sunlit beaches and beautiful locations. They also assure the others that the therapy is purely optional. Dave and Ronnie discuss their inability to go because of childcare responsibilities, in the middle of the night, their home security alarm is activated when Jason shows up unexpectedly to further sell the idea of the retreat. The commotion wakes the kids, who have overheard their parents conversations of not being able to go because of them, fearing that their parents are contemplating divorce, the kids have already arranged for Daves father, Grandpa Jim-Jim to babysit so their parents can go to Eden. The retreat proves to be divided into Eden West and Eden East, West is for couples and uses the tagline Stay Together. East is for singles and uses the tagline Come Together, East and West attendees are not allowed to intermingle. Upon arrival at Eden West, the four couples are shown their villas, at dinner, Sctanley, the resort host, informs them that couples therapy, which starts at 6 a. m. is actually mandatory. If any couple fails to attend, it will be taken as an indication that they want to leave, the group debates what to do. After an indulgent dinner with many delicacies, they decide to put up with a couple of hours of therapy in order to enjoy the amenities of the resort. In the morning, each couple meets with an assigned therapist, all four couples learn that they have problems, even Ronnie and Dave, who thought they were fine. They endure resort owner Marcels unusual methods, including swimming with and feeding lemon sharks, on the fourth night, Trudy escapes to Eden East. The other seven, encouraged by Joey who is unsatisfied with his marriage, following an argument between Cynthia and Jason, the men and women split up

Couples Retreat
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Theatrical film poster

41.
Jean Reno
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Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez, known as Jean Reno, is a French actor. Reno was born Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez in Casablanca, Morocco and his parents were Spanish, natives of Sanlúcar de Barrameda and Jerez de la Frontera in Andalucia, and had moved to North Africa to find work and escape the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. He has a sister named María Teresa, and the children were raised Catholic. Their mother died when he was a teenager and he learned Spanish from his parents, and Arabic and French growing up in Morocco. At the age of seventeen, he moved to France, where he studied acting in the Cours Simon School of Drama, when he moved to France he served in the French Army which was mandatory to gain his French citizenship. After he started to get acting jobs in France, Juan adopted the French version of his name, Jean, due to his large frame, Reno was called on to play heavies in his early career. He later appeared in comedies and action films. He began his career in France, appearing in many films by director Luc Besson. The two have continued to work together, collaborating in films produced, written, or directed by Besson, of their joint work, those that have achieved the most critical and commercial success include, Nikita, and the English-language films The Big Blue and Léon, The Professional. Reno did the voice-over for Mufasa in the French-language version of The Lion King, Reno has starred in such high-profile American films as French Kiss with Meg Ryan and Kevin Kline, Mission, Impossible with Tom Cruise, Ronin with Robert De Niro, and Godzilla. Reno turned down the role of Agent Smith in The Matrix and he also acted in French productions, Les Visiteurs, The Crimson Rivers, and Jet Lag by Danièle Thompson, which was also a box-office success in France. In 2006, Reno had a prominent role in the remake of The Pink Panther and its sequel, playing Gilbert Ponton and he portrayed Captain Bezu Fache in the Ron Howard film The Da Vinci Code. Among his most successful films are Les Visiteurs and LEnquète corse, in advertising work, Reno has appeared in American television commercials for UPS and portrayed Doraemon in a series of Toyota ads in Japan, as part of the ReBorn campaign. Reno first married Geneviève, with whom he has a daughter, Sandra, renos second wife was Nathalie Dyszkiewicz, a Polish model, with whom he has a son, Tom, and a daughter, Serena. On 29 July 2006, Reno married for the time, to another Polish model and actress, Zofia Borucka,35. Then-presidential candidate Nicolas Sarkozy served as his best man, Zofia and Reno welcomed their first son Cielo born in July 2009 in New York City. Their second son Dean was born in September 2011, Reno maintains homes in Paris, Malaysia, and Los Angeles. Bouillabaisse Couples Retreat Video Interview at AMCtv. com

42.
American Dad!
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American Dad. is an American adult animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane, Mike Barker, and Matt Weitzman for the Fox Broadcasting Company. American Dad. is the first television series to have its inception on Animation Domination. The series premiere aired on February 6,2005, following Super Bowl XXXIX, three months before the rest of the first season aired as part of the Animation Domination block, commencing on May 1,2005. Creative direction of American Dad. has largely been guided by Barker and Weitzman as opposed to MacFarlane, unlike its sister shows, Family Guy and The Cleveland Show, American Dad. The show is not as heavy on pop cultural allusions as MacFarlanes Family Guy, the plots are often absurd, but they are grounded by family stories and real-world issues. American Dad. has been nominated for awards, most prominently two Primetime Emmy Awards and two Annie Awards. In June 2013, it was awarded as top television series by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers, since its debut, American Dad. has broadcast 219 episodes. The total number of seasons and organization of episodes within these seasons are in dispute because of a discrepancy in how official sources report this information, One model suggests the first season of American Dad. Comprises the first 7 episodes, while another suggests the first season comprises 23 episodes. TBS picked up the series for the 12th season following the final 3 episodes airing on Fox as the 11th season, American Dad. s TBS run began on October 20,2014. TBS has also renewed the series for a 22-episode as 13th season, on August 27,2015, TBS announced it had picked up American Dad. for a 14th and 15th season of 22 episodes each. The 14th season premiered on November 7,2016, Stans CIA boss, the Deputy Director Avery Bullock, is a recurring focal point. The voice actors are not assembled as a group performing the lines of their characters, rather. The voice actors have stated that because of their personalities and tendency to goof off together as a group. Centers on the circumstances, adventures and domestic life of its title character Stan Smith, his immediate family. In early February 2005, Barker stated, About a year and it was right up our alley, and everything just fell into place. At the time, Fox was aiming to develop a new lineup of adult animated sitcoms and its first episode, titled Pilot, was originally shown directly following Super Bowl XXXIX on February 6,2005. The rest of the first season, however, would not launch until May 1,2005, initially, it was a replacement for the originally failed series Family Guy

43.
Life as We Know It (film)
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Life As We Know It is a 2010 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Greg Berlanti, starring Katherine Heigl and Josh Duhamel. It was released on October 8,2010, after sneak previews in 811 theaters on October 2,2010, Holly Berenson is the owner of a small Atlanta bakery, and Eric Messer, is a promising television technical sports director for the Atlanta Hawks. Their best friends Peter, an attorney, and Alison Novak set them up on a date that goes horribly wrong. As the years go by, Peter and Alison get married, and have a girl named Sophie Christina. They have become friends, but still tease and banter with each other, shortly after Sophies first birthday, Peter and Alison are killed in a car crash. Holly and Messer learn that in their friends wills, they were named Sophies joint guardians, Holly and Messer must put their differences aside and move into Sophies home to care for her. Living together proves to be a struggle, one night, Holly leaves Sophie with Messer while she covers an important catering job - the same night that he is given the opportunity to direct a big basketball game. Messer takes Sophie to the game, but she distracts him with her crying. When they get home, Messer and Holly argue, but later make up. Holly meets Sam, Sophies pediatrician, and finds herself attracted to him and they arrange a date, which is cut short when Messer calls to tell Sam that Sophie has a high fever. Sam and Holly go to the hospital, and Messer sees Holly kiss Sam, Messer offers to invest in her company, and eventually Holly agrees. To cement the new relationship, they decide to go on a date and they end up having sex and begin to develop feelings for each other. Their Child Protective Services caseworker, who has advised them against getting involved, tells them they must make a firm commitment either to stay together. Anything in between would be bad for Sophie, Messer is offered a job in Phoenix, Arizona, and he seriously considers taking it up, as it has been his dream for several years, but doesnt discuss it with Holly. Holly is upset when she finds out and tells him to take the job, at Thanksgiving Messer returns to Atlanta, hoping to patch things up with Holly, but finds her in a relationship with Sam. Messer and Holly argue, because Sam mentions Holly is planning to sell the house soon, Messer insists it was Peter and Alisons wish that Sophie be raised in their home, by them together. Holly consistently accuses Messer of deserting her and Sophie, while Messer points out how quickly she replaced him, Messer tells her he loves her, but leaves the dinner, planning to return to Phoenix. Once alone with Holly, Sam says that if he and his ex-wife had fought in the way that Messer and Holly did and he tells Holly it is obvious she needs to work out her feelings for Messer, and leaves

Life as We Know It (film)
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Theatrical release poster

44.
Josh Duhamel
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Joshua David Josh Duhamel is an American actor and former fashion model. After various modeling work, he made his debut as Leo du Pres on the ABC daytime soap opera All My Children. He has also appeared in When in Rome, Life as We Know It, New Years Eve, Safe Haven, in 2015, Duhamel co-starred on the short-lived CBS crime drama Battle Creek. Duhamel was born in Minot, North Dakota and his mother, Bonnie L. Kemper, is a retired teacher and local businesswoman, and his father, Larry Duhamel, is an advertising salesman. He is of French-Canadian, Irish, English, German and Norwegian ancestry and his parents divorced during his youth. Although he remains close to both, he grew up with his mother and his three sisters, Ashlee, Kassidy and Mckenzee Duhamel. Duhamel attended Minot State University and played as the quarterback for the football team. He planned to attend school, but dropped out one-and-a-half credits shy of his undergraduate degree. He later completed his credits, and he received his degree in 2005, Duhamel has stated, After college, I followed an ex-girlfriend to northern California, did a bunch of odd jobs. Duhamel had won the title of Male Model of the Year in an International Modeling, Duhamel began his acting career as an extra in the music videos for Donna Summers I Will Go With You and Christina Aguileras Genie in A Bottle in 1999. Josh trained with Scott Sedita Acting Studios, later that year, he won the role of Leo du Pres on the ABC soap opera All My Children. His work on the show, especially his characters pairing with Greenlee Smythe, in 2000, he posed fully nude for Greg Gormans As I See It photography book. Duhamel left All My Children in 2002 to pursue acting opportunities. In 2003, Duhamel landed a role on the NBC show Las Vegas, playing the head of security for the Montecito Casino. His character succeeded James Caans as head of the casino after Caan departed the series at the end of the fourth season, Duhamel made his big-screen acting debut in 2004s Win a Date with Tad Hamilton. And continued on to star in the thriller Turistas, Duhamel reprised the role for the sequels, Transformers, Revenge of the Fallen, released in June 2009, and Transformers, Dark of the Moon, released in June 2011. Duhamel was the pace car driver for the 2009 Indianapolis 500. In 2010, he played the role in the film When in Rome as Nick Beamon

45.
Katherine Heigl
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Katherine Marie Heigl is an American actress, film producer and former fashion model. She played Izzie Stevens on ABCs medical drama Greys Anatomy from 2005 to 2010, Heigl has also had a prominent film career, with appearances in Knocked Up,27 Dresses, The Ugly Truth, Killers, Life As We Know It and New Years Eve. She played the role on the short-lived NBC television series State of Affairs from 2014 to 2015. Heigl started her career as a model with Wilhelmina Models before turning her attention to acting. She made her debut in That Night and later appeared in My Father the Hero as well as Under Siege 2. From 1999 to 2002, Heigl co-starred as Isabel Evans on the television series Roswell, additionally, she has established herself as a cover model, appearing in numerous publications including Maxim, Vanity Fair and Cosmopolitan. Heigl is married to singer Josh Kelley, with whom she has two adopted daughters and a biological son, Heigl was born in Washington, D. C. in Columbia Hospital for Women. She is the youngest of four children of Nancy, a manager, and Paul Heigl. Her father is of German and Irish descent, and her mother is of German ancestry and her siblings are Meg, Jason, and Holt. In 1986, her older brother Jason died of injuries suffered in a car accident and his organs were donated by his family after death. Her brothers death led Heigls parents to convert to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, when Heigl was nine, an aunt visiting the family decided to take a number of photographs of her. After returning to her home in New York, her aunt sent the photos to a number of modeling agencies, within a few weeks, she signed with Wilhelmina Models as a child model. Soon after signing with the agency, a client slated Heigl for use in an advertisement where she made her debut. At the time, she was earning $75 an hour posing for Sears, Heigl first appeared in a national television spot for Cheerios cereal. During this time, Heigl continued to attend New Canaan High School, balancing her film, Heigl dropped out of New Canaan High School after her sophomore year to pursue her career in Hollywood. In 1995, she starred in the Steven Seagal action thriller Under Siege 2, Heigl portrayed a 16-year-old traveller on a train across a mountain pass to visit the grave of her deceased father with uncle Casey Ryback, an ex-SEAL counter-terrorist expert. The main plotline has the train hijacked by mercenaries in Colorado, much of her work in the film was opposite Morris Chestnut, Sandra Taylor and Everett McGill. Despite an increased focus on acting, she still modeled extensively, after her high school graduation in 1997, she moved into a four-bedroom house in Malibu Canyon, California with her mother, who also became her manager

46.
Justified (TV series)
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Justified is an American crime drama television series that premiered on March 16,2010, on the FX network. Developed by Graham Yost, it is based on Elmore Leonards short story Fire in the Hole, Timothy Olyphant portrays Raylan Givens, a tough deputy U. S. Marshal enforcing his own brand of justice in his hometown of Harlan, the series is set in Lexington and in the Appalachian mountains area of eastern Kentucky, specifically in and around Harlan. The series, comprising 78 episodes, aired over six seasons, Justified received critical acclaim throughout all six seasons, particularly for its acting, directing, art direction, writing, and Olyphants and Walton Goggins performances. Justified was nominated for eight Primetime Emmy Awards, with two wins, for Margo Martindales performance as Mags Bennett and Jeremy Davies performance as Dickie Bennett. In response to his controversial but justified quick-draw shooting of mob hitman Tommy Bucks in Miami, Givens is reassigned to Lexington, the Lexington Marshals offices jurisdiction includes Harlan County, where Raylan was raised and which he thought he had escaped for good in his youth. The story arc of season one concentrates on the crimes of the Crowder family, Raylan seeks to protect Ava Crowder from the rest of the Crowder clan after she shoots her husband, Bowman Crowder, dead in retaliation for years of abuse. Her biggest threat comes from Boyd Crowder, a local criminal masquerading as a white supremacist whom Raylan shoots in a stand-off. Boyd survives the shot to the chest and claims it is a sign from God that he should change his ways, Raylan hesitates to believe him, but Boyd is soon sent to prison, where he spends his time reading the Bible and preaching to convicts. Bos release is followed by Boyds, after a technicality prevents him from being further incarcerated. While Bo works on gaining dominance over the drug trade. The explosions cause a few casualties, leading Raylan and the other U. S. Marshals to keep an eye on the team. In the meantime, Raylan is dealing with personal dilemmas, including working in the building as his ex-wife. His continuing visits to Harlan are peppered with small crimes and big shootings, Bo promises the niece and nephew of Gio Reyes, head of a Miami drug cartel, that he will deliver Raylan to them in exchange for a large shipment of drugs. Boyd catches word of this and, with his flock of reformed prisoners, blows up the carrying the shipment, leading the niece. This leads Bo to go to Boyds camp and threaten to kill his own son, instead of killing Boyd, though, Bo offers his son the option to abandon his group, after which Bo will leave all of them alone. Boyd walks away into the forest, where he hears gunshots and this sends him, depressed, to Raylans door, saying he will help Raylan find Bo as long as he is allowed to be the one to kill him. An earlier plan is foiled, involving Arlos shooting Raylan, to deliver Raylan into Bos clutches, then handing him over to Gio and this is the turning point that drives Boyd and Raylan to join forces for the first time, and Boyd leads him to the Crowder cabin

47.
Timothy Olyphant
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Timothy David Olyphant is an American actor and producer. In early years of his career, he was often cast in supporting roles, most notably in Scream 2, Go, A Man Apart. He came to the attention of an audience with his portrayal of Sheriff Seth Bullock in HBOs western Deadwood. He then had starring roles in the romantic comedy Catch and Release, the action film Hitman, the thriller A Perfect Getaway and he was a villain in Live Free or Die Hard and was a recurring guest star in season two of the FX legal thriller Damages. The best-known performance of Olyphants career to date has been as Deputy U. S, marshal Raylan Givens in FXs modern-day Kentucky western Justified. He was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2011 and he later had guest appearances in numerous television sitcoms including The Office, The Mindy Project and The Grinder. Olyphant currently stars with Drew Barrymore in the Netflix comedy Santa Clarita Diet, Olyphant was born in Honolulu, Hawaii but moved to Modesto, California at the age of two. His parents are J. V. Bevan Olyphant, who worked as president of production at Gallo Winery. He has a brother, Andrew, and a younger brother. His parents divorced when Olyphant was a teenager, both remarried and his father later moved to Arizona, where he owns an extensive cattle ranch. Olyphant is a descendant of the Vanderbilt family of New York and his paternal fourth great-grandfather was family patriarch Cornelius Vanderbilt and his third great-grandfather was William Henry Vanderbilt, who doubled the familys railroad fortune. Olyphants great-great-grandmother was socialite Emily Thorn Vanderbilt, his great-grandmother was socialite Emily Vanderbilt Sloane, the surname Olyphant is of Scottish origin. His paternal fourth great-grandfather, Dr. David Olyphant, was born in Scotland and his third great-grandfather, David Olyphant, and great-great-grandfather, Robert Morrison Olyphant, were both prominent businessmen. Growing up, he was embarrassed by the idea of acting but enjoyed art and he swam competitively throughout his childhood and was a finalist at the 1986 Nationals in the 200m Individual Medley. He was then recruited to the University of Southern California by USC Trojans swimming coach Peter Daland, when Olyphant first visited the campus as part of a recruitment trip, he hoped to study architecture but was told it would be unmanageable with his training schedule. Instead, he opted to do a degree in fine arts, after graduating in 1990, Olyphant half-heartedly considered a career in commercial art. While in the process of applying for a degree in fine arts. He initially performed stand-up comedy, Id dabbled and then there was a period where I did it with a certain commitment

Timothy Olyphant
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Olyphant at the 70th Annual Peabody Awards Luncheon in May 2011
Timothy Olyphant
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Olyphant at the Television Academy presents An Evening with “Justified” in Hollywood on March 19, 2014

48.
John Sculley
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John Sculley III is an American businessman, entrepreneur and investor in high-tech startups. Sculley was vice-president and president of Pepsi-Cola, until he became executive officer of Apple Inc. on April 8,1983. In May 1987, Sculley was named Silicon Valleys top-paid executive, others say that the two clashed over management styles and priorities, Jobs focusing on future innovation and Sculley more on current product lines and profitability. But Sculley ultimately was forced to step down as Apple CEO because he was opposed to licensing Macintosh software and was talking to Goldman-Sachs about splitting Apple into two companies, when Sculley left in May 1993, Apple had $2 billion in cash and $200 million in debt. He is currently Chairman of the PeopleTicker and SkillsVillage, jeff Daniels portrayed Sculley in the film Steve Jobs, Matthew Modine portrayed him in the 2013 film Jobs, and Allan Royal portrayed him in the 1999 TNT film Pirates of Silicon Valley. Sculley was born in New York City, the son of Margaret Blackburn, a horticulturist, five days later, he was one of the first infants to fly over the Atlantic Ocean to his mothers home country, Bermuda, where his family first settled in 1934. Sculley and his brothers spent much of their childhood in Bermuda before moving back to New York and he attended high school at St. Sculley ultimately received a degree in architectural design from Brown University. Sculley joined the Pepsi-Cola division of PepsiCo in 1967 as a trainee, in 1970, at the age of 30, Sculley became the companys youngest marketing vice-president. Sculley initiated one of the companys first consumer-research studies, an extended in-home product test in which 350 families participated, as a result of the research, Pepsi decided to launch new, larger, and more varied packages of their soft drinks. In 1970, Pepsi set out to dethrone Coca-Cola as the leader of the industry. Pepsi began spending more on marketing and advertising, typically paying between US$200,000 and $300,000 for each spot, while most companies spent between $15,000 and $75,000. With the Pepsi Generation campaign, Pepsi aimed to overturn Coca-Colas classic marketing, Sculley also took the position of managing PepsiCos International Food Operations division, shortly after he visited a failing potato-chip factory in Paris. PepsiCos food division was their only money-losing division, with revenues of US$83 million, to make the food division profitable, Sculley fired all the people from it Frito-Lay and improved product quality, as well as improving accounts and establishing financial controls. Within three years, the division was making US$300 million in revenues and $40 million in profit. Sculley was best known at Pepsi for the Pepsi Challenge, a campaign he started in 1975 to compete against Coca-Cola to gain market share. It claimed based on Sculleys own research that Pepsi-Cola tasted better than Coca-Cola, the Pepsi Challenge included a series of television advertisements that first aired in the early 1970s, featuring lifelong Coca-Cola drinkers participating in blind taste tests. Pepsis soft drink was always chosen as the product by the participant, however

John Sculley
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Sculley in January 2014

49.
Jeff Daniels
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One of his most notable roles is Harry Dunne in the buddy comedy Dumb and Dumber opposite Jim Carrey, a role he reprised in the 2014 sequel Dumb and Dumber To. He received Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actor for his performances in The Purple Rose of Cairo, Something Wild and The Squid, Daniels work outside of the film industry has received similar acclaim and accolades as to his work on screen. He has received a number of nominations for his work on stage, including Tony Award nominations for Best Actor for his roles in the plays God of Carnage. He is the founder and current executive director of the Chelsea, Daniels was born in Athens, Georgia, to Marjorie J. and Robert Lee Bob Daniels. He spent the first six weeks of his life in Georgia, where his father was then teaching and his father owned the Chelsea Lumber Company and was also a onetime mayor of Chelsea. He attended Central Michigan University and participated in the theater program. Daniels performed in New York in The Shortchanged Review at Second Stage Theatre and it was the first show of the inaugural season for Second Stage Theatre. Daniels has starred in a number of New York productions, on and off Broadway. On Broadway, he has appeared in Lanford Wilsons Redwood Curtain, A. R. Gurneys The Golden Age and Wilsons Fifth of July, for which he was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for Best Supporting Actor. Off-Broadway, he received a Drama Desk nomination for Wilsons Lemon Sky, and he returned to the stage in 2009, appearing in Broadways God of Carnage opposite Hope Davis, James Gandolfini and Marcia Gay Harden. In 1991, he founded the Purple Rose Theatre Company, a stage company in Chelsea. Daniels has written more than a dozen plays for the company, in 2016, Daniels received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his performance in Blackbird, opposite Michelle Williams. Daniels made his debut in Miloš Formans Ragtime in 1981. His next film, the Oscar-winning Terms of Endearment, in which he played Debra Wingers callow and he garnered a Golden Globe nomination as the star of The Purple Rose Of Cairo, directed by Woody Allen. It was the last film that inspired the name for the company he established. Daniels earned his second Golden Globe nomination for starring in Jonathan Demmes Something Wild as an unassuming businessman swept up into a night by a mysterious woman. Daniels then starred in the horror–comedy Arachnophobia in 1990, the next year, Daniels starred in two films. His next notable role was as Colonel Joshua Chamberlain in Gettysburg, Daniels reprised the role of Chamberlain ten years later in the prequel film Gods and Generals