"Historical records show that the Todas have never been a numerous group. European accounts estimate a population of no more than 100 people at the beginning of the 17th century, and a total that had dropped to 475 by 1952. "

"Todas: Location: India (primarily Tamil Nadu state); Population: 1,042 (1988); Language: Toda; Religion: Centered on the sanctity of the buffalo "; "Christian missionary efforts among the Todas at the turn of the century have resulted in the emergence of a very small community of Toda Christians. It numbers perhaps 200 persons who follow the Anglican rites of the Church of South India. "

"Todas: Location: India (primarily Tamil Nadu state); Population: 1,042 (1988); Language: Toda; Religion: Centered on the sanctity of the buffalo "; "Christian missionary efforts among the Todas at the turn of the century have resulted in the emergence of a very small community of Toda Christians. It numbers perhaps 200 persons who follow the Anglican rites of the Church of South India. "

"Historical records show that the Todas have never been a numerous group. European accounts estimate a population of no more than 100 people at the beginning of the 17th century, and a total that had dropped to 475 by 1952. "

"Historical records show that the Todas have never been a numerous group. European accounts estimate a population of no more than 100 people at the beginning of the 17th century, and a total that had dropped to 475 by 1952. "

"Todas: Location: India (primarily Tamil Nadu state); Population: 1,042 (1988); Language: Toda; Religion: Centered on the sanctity of the buffalo "; "Christian missionary efforts among the Todas at the turn of the century have resulted in the emergence of a very small community of Toda Christians. It numbers perhaps 200 persons who follow the Anglican rites of the Church of South India. " [NOTE: The 1,042 statistic is of Todas as an ethnic/cultural group, not a count of those who are profess to be adherents of traditional Toda religion.]

"Historical records show that the Todas have never been a numerous group. European accounts estimate a population of no more than 100 people at the beginning of the 17th century, and a total that had dropped to 475 by 1952. "

"Historical records show that the Todas have never been a numerous group. European accounts estimate a population of no more than 100 people at the beginning of the 17th century, and a total that had dropped to 475 by 1952. "

"Todas: Location: India (primarily Tamil Nadu state); Population: 1,042 (1988); Language: Toda; Religion: Centered on the sanctity of the buffalo "; "Christian missionary efforts among the Todas at the turn of the century have resulted in the emergence of a very small community of Toda Christians. " [NOTE: The 1,042 statistic is of Todas as an ethnic/cultural group, not a count of those who are profess to be adherents of traditional Toda religion.]

Table: "Native American Tribes: Population Rankings of the 30 largest tribes in the U.S. according to the 1990 census report (U.S. Department of Commerce) "; NOTE: These are tribal affiliation figures, not religious preference figures.

"Tonga: Location: southern Zambia; Population: 1,275,000; Language: Chitonga; Religion: Christianity combined with indigenous religious beliefs "; "The Tonga live in southern Zambia in a corrider along the Zambezi River. "; "In traditional Tonga society, there is a well-developed cult of the 'shades' or muzimu... Today, there are a substantial number of people who practice both Christianity and indigenous religious beliefs. Converts to Christianity merely add to a new religion, while retaining their traditional beliefs. "

"According to the 1990 U.S. census, there were 18,000 Tongans in the U.S., 3,611 residing in Utah. The census showed Utah had the fourth highest Polynesian population after Hawaii, California and Washington state. "

"According to the 1990 U.S. census, there were 18,000 Tongans in the U.S., 3,611 residing in Utah. The census showed Utah had the fourth highest Polynesian population after Hawaii, California and Washington state. "

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 710.

"The cosmology of the Toradjas of Sulawesi in Indonesia has been elaborated on a basic dualistic structure: the world of men is contrasted with both an upper world and a lower world and with an abode in the southwest where the forefathers live and an abode in the northeast where the deified ancestors (known by the Sanskrit-derived word deata) live. "

"This name [Oxford Group] excited disapproval in some quarters at Oxford University and among Anglo-Catholics who feared that it might cause confusion with the Oxford Movement of the Tractarians, the Catholic revival in the Church of England which had begun in 1833. "

"OXFORD MOVEMENT: also known as TRACTARIANISM and ANGLO-CATHOLICISM it was a nineteenth century REVITALIZATION MOVEMENT within ANGLICANISM which sought to revive SPIRITUALITY through LITURGICAL renewal and a return to medieval religious practices associated with ROMAN CATHOLICISM. "

"Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe... One mission in New York City became independent in 1976 as the Tridentine Catholic Church currently... "

"Membership: In 1972 the Church reported one parish in Canada, three missions in the U.S., three missions in Western Europe, two missions in Eastern Europe and one mission in Hong Kong. One mission in New York City became independent in 1976 as the Tridentine Catholic Church currently... No current statistics have been reported. "

"The Traditional Roman Catholic Church in the Americas was formed in June 1978 by John D. Fesi... Membership: In 1987, the church reported 14 parishes, 26 priests and 981 members.; Educational facilities: Our Lady of Victory Seminary, Chicago, Illinois. "

Wuthnow, Robert. The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith Since World War II, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1988). [Orig. source: "These and other figures from the San Francisco area are from a representative sample survey of 1,000 residents of the greater San Francisco metropolitan area conducted by the author in 1973. For greater detail, see my Consciousness Reformation. "]; pg. 51.

"Another movement... that attracted large followings was Transcendental Meditation (TM)... In the San Francisco area approximately 5 percent of the population claimed to have practiced it at one time or another. And in the nation as a whole, some 4 percent said they had been particpants. "

"Own researches means that we ask the groups, but don't 'believe' in their first answers. Some examples: Transzentale Meditation proclaims that they have 100,000 'members'. If you ask back, they'll tell you that there are 1000 official teachers. If one knows the structure of TM, one can say that only these teachers believe in the whole system of TM. Those are really 'members', because they had to pay for their education. "

"Another more detailed assessment for West Germany covering many more movements concludes that well over one million people are involved or 'influenced' by new religions, with a 'full-time' membership of 64,200. The estimated full time membership for 12 of these movements is: " [table]

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 765.

"Transcendental Meditation (TM)... Although the Maharishi maintained his original center in the Indian holy city of Rishikesh, in Uttar Pradesh, the TM movement was never as popular in India as it became abroad. He eventually established the movement's international headquarters in Switzerland... "

Transcendental Meditation

Iowa

-

-

-

-

1981

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 765.

"Transcendental Meditation (TM)... Maharishi International University was created at the former site of Parsons College in Iowa... "

Table with following columns: Movement; Total Membership; Full-Time Members; P/T Members; Sympathizers.; For this study Clarke "approached researchers & observers in the field of new religions [& org./church reps.] to obtain their opinions & any hard... data "

Table with following columns: Movement; Total Membership; Full-Time Members; P/T Members; Sympathizers.; For this study Clarke "approached researchers & observers in the field of new religions [& org./church reps.] to obtain their opinions & any hard... data "; Total: 70,000; full-time: 1,100

Transcendental Meditation

Switzerland

-

-

-

-

1981

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally published as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 765.

"Transcendental Meditation (TM)... Although the Maharishi maintained his original center in the Indian holy city of Rishikesh... He eventually established the movement's international headquarters in Switzerland... "

"I have selected the best available [statistics], providing a range where adjudication is impossible... Transcendental Meditation: Britain: 150,000 (1999)... "

Transcendental Meditation

USA

-

4.00%

-

-

1973

Wuthnow, Robert. The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith Since World War II, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1988); pg. 151.

"Another movement... that attracted large followings was Transcendental Meditation (TM)... In the San Francisco area approximately 5 percent of the population claimed to have practiced it at one time or another. And in the nation as a whole, some 4 percent said they had been particpants. "

"TM had a spectacular growth during the 1970s. Almost a million people took the basic TM course, then, at the end of the decade, the number of new meditators dropped markedly and the organization suffered some dramatic reverses, occasioned partly by its unique position on the question of religion. "

Transcendental Meditation

USA

1,000,000

-

-

-

1975

Newport, John P. The New Age Movement and the Biblical Worldview: Conflict and Dialogue, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan (1998); pg. 70.

"The number of new initiates to TM per year in the United States reached its peak in 1975, after Merv Griffen heavily endorsed it on his television program, bringing the cumulative total of Americans who had began the practice to about a million. "

Transcendental Meditation

USA

-

4.00%

-

-

1975

Wuthnow, Robert. The Restructuring of American Religion: Society and Faith Since World War II, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press (1988); pg. 166.

"National surveys conducted during that decade, for example, showed little change in participation rates between the mid-1970s and the end of the decade. About 1% of thepublic claimed to be involved in Eastern religions, about 4% said they practiced TM, and about 3 percent claimed they were involved in yoga. Given the small percentages, these figures were, of course, subject to considerable variation from sampling error. "

"TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION [TM]: the first really successful NEW RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT of the 1960s which emerged from HINDUISM as a therapy type GROUP offering psychological well-being. The founder, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, denied that TM was a RELIGION thus enabling his movement to appeal to a wide spectrum of people, who might otherwise have ignored his teachings, and to apply for American Government funding, and other forms of assistance. Taken to Court in 1978, TM was found to be a religion under the terms of American law. "

Transcendental Meditation

USA

-

-

-

-

1981

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 319-320.

"...American religious movements even thought their teachings... are traditionally Hindu. The following are some better-known examples of these missionaries and their movements... Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (see Transcendental Meditation) "

"Transcendental Meditation arrived in the 1960s and became a cultural phenomena, initiating a million people in its first two decades. " [This # of students should not be taken to imply there are 1 million who consider TM their religion.]

We are always striving to increase the accuracy and usefulness of our website. We are happy to hear from you. Please submit questions, suggestions, comments, corrections, etc. to: webmaster@adherents.com.