All pose threats to California's giant redwood trees, according to the Save the Redwoods League. In 1850, there were two million acres of ancient coast redwood forests in California. Today, fewer than 120,000 acres of these old-growth forests remain, having fallen victim for years to unsustainable logging practices, urbanization, poorly planned development, and road building. Climate change is another concern, and the Save the Redwoods League hopes to answer how it might affect the health of redwood forests and giant sequoias through its $2.5 million research project called the Redwoods and Climate Change Initiative.

In 2006, the Save the Redwoods League doubled the size of the Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve by purchasing and adding parcels with old-growth Douglas-fir forests and rare oak woodland habitats on them, as shown on this map (courtesy of Save the Redwoods League).

To help protect these majestic trees, the oldest of which dates back 2,200 years, the Save the Redwoods League buys land in northern and central California, where the coast redwoods grow. Since forming in 1918, the California-based nonprofit organization has purchased more than 189,000 acres for preservation. Some of the land also includes giant sequoias, as well as upstream acreage of coast redwood forests, which is important to preserve from a watershed standpoint.

In the past, the League bought land based in part on recommendations from concerned citizens who wanted a particular piece of land protected, but it was hard to know the entire picture based solely on word of mouth.

Today, the Save the Redwoods League uses maps, scientific knowledge, more than 90 years of experience, and the latest technology—including GIS—to create detailed regional conservation strategies for redwood forests, parks, and connecting landscapes. Much of the land purchased and protected now lies in Humboldt Redwoods State Park and Redwood National and State Parks, along the coast of Northern California. Many of the League's conservation efforts would not have been possible without GIS, which is used to analyze data about the redwoods, development, nearby watersheds, and rare plants and endangered animals in those areas.

To strategically guide, prioritize, and focus its land protection efforts, the Save the Redwoods League launched the Master Plan for the Redwoods in the late 1990s. As part of this plan, the League used GIS models to identify areas that are important to protect. The models incorporated data on the locations of

Trails

Ancient redwoods

Existing parks

Habitat for imperiled and sensitive species, such as the coho salmon, northern spotted owl, and marbled murrelet

Threats to the forest, including residential development, land conversion to vineyards, road building, and incompatible forestry practices, plus many other dangers

The League wants people to experience the redwoods, so if an area contains features that encourage people to visit the majestic trees—such as good hiking trails or beautiful scenery—the area is given a higher rank and has a better chance of receiving public support to protect it. Based on these conservation models, the data is then analyzed using ArcGIS Desktop software, and maps are created and used throughout the organization for deciding what parcels of land to try and acquire, fund-raising appeals, outreach, and resource management.

Access to accurate data is crucial for the League's GIS analysis and mapping. Data comes from public agencies, such as the California Department of Fish and Game, California State Parks, the National Park Service, and the U.S. Forest Service.

Laura Kindsvater, senior conservation planner at the Save the Redwoods League, says the GIS data used in analyses includes

Habitat model data for wide-ranging species, such as the mountain lion, Pacific fisher, and other forest carnivores

Projected development, roads, and timber harvest plan boundaries

Old-growth coast redwood forest (photo by Howard King).

"Combining and analyzing this data using GIS allows us to visually determine which areas are most important for protection," Kindsvater says, "and we can then act on this newfound knowledge."

By using GIS to assist in creating the master plan, the Save the Redwoods League has identified land across the entire range of coast redwood forests in California, down to the property level, that rank highly for protection. Based on GIS analyses, the League has created detailed regional strategies that outline land acquisition goals. Now that the League has completed the detailed regional strategies, the organization will implement the master plan and contact owners of higher-ranked land in areas such as the Santa Cruz Mountains, Humboldt and Del Norte counties, coastal Mendocino and Sonoma counties, and the San Francisco Bay area to find out if they are willing to sell their land or work together on a conservation agreement. (An example of a conservation agreement is when a landowner donates or sells the right to develop land to the Save the Redwoods League while continuing to own the property.)

ArcGIS is also helping the League discover more about important ecological characteristics specific to the site of the lands it is working to protect so that it can build a case for the property.

For example, when the League was raising funds to purchase land to add to Montgomery Woods State Natural Reserve in Mendocino County, it used GIS in combination with fieldwork to find out what types of vegetation grew on each piece of property and which of these were rare and targeted for conservation at the statewide level. Several of the properties have native grasslands and Oregon white oak forests on them, which are both a high priority for acquisition by state natural resource agencies. GIS was also used to better understand how each parcel contributes to increased protection of the surrounding Big River watershed, as well as the good health of specific fish populations within the watershed and downstream of the parcels. Since the 1960s, when several large floods in Humboldt County caused massive erosion from logged areas upstream that then inflicted heavy damage to old-growth forests downstream, the League has had a commitment to protecting redwood ecosystems at a watershed scale.

"In addition," says Kindsvater, "we have been able to identify, using GIS, 35 project areas across the state of California that are a priority for protection. Focusing on these project areas allows us to be much more effective as an organization in protecting the last remaining groves of old-growth redwoods, building the viability of parks and reserves, and maintaining and restoring connecting landscapes."

Sixteen of the 35 project areas have been identified as high priority to purchase and protect, allowing the League to further focus its energy. For example, the Coastal Sonoma project area in Sonoma County, located to the west and northwest of Santa Rosa, has been identified as high priority. Sonoma County has a wealth of incredibly beautiful redwood forests, a low percentage of currently protected lands, significant groves of old growth that remain unprotected, and a high potential to provide inspiration and recreation for millions of people who live less than two hours away. Yet these old-growth stands are also threatened by a rapid growth rate in population throughout Sonoma County. Through the master plan, the Save the Redwoods League has learned that there are important lands in the coastal Sonoma region to protect and that the organization must act now to conserve them. It has therefore been investing a great amount of time, energy, and resources in increasing land protection in this region over the last several years, culminating in several large land purchases, such as the Jenner Headlands and Stewarts Point acquisitions.