Despite considerable recent progress in radiation therapy, radiation
treatment of brain tumors is often associated with side effects due
to damage to normal brain tissue. But scientists working at the
National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven Lab are developing a
promising radiation therapy technique that is effective in destroying
tumors in animal models while sparing normal tissues.

Called microbeam radiation therapy (MRT), this technique, which uses
parallel, microscopically thin slices of synchrotron-generated
x-rays, preferentially kills tumors in part by acting on blood
vessels.

"The way it probably works," says Avraham Dilmanian, MRT's principal
investigator and a member of the team that developed the therapy, "is
that the endothelial cells, which line the inner walls of blood
vessels, survive in the regions between the microbeams, so they can
replace the endothelial cells killed by the microbeams. But this
repair process somehow fails in the tumor's capillaries because they
are very different from those of normal tissues. So, as the tumor's
capillaries are destroyed, they cannot feed the tumor anymore, and it
eventually dies."

The therapy has not yet been tested in humans and is years away from
clinical application, but Dilmanian's results are encouraging. "MRT
has proven highly effective in the treatment of certain experimental
rat brain tumors, with minimal impact on adjacent normal brain
tissue," he says. "Our results support the idea that MRT could offer
control of brain cancer with fewer deleterious side effects."

- Two Steps Are Better Than One
(Monday, March 24, 10:50 a.m., room 283)

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