Subject races of the Khanate included the Andorians, Vulcans, Trill, Tellarites, Son'a, Ferengi, Betazoids and Bajorans. Andorians enjoyed a special status within the Khanate, whereas Vulcans and Trill were regarded as slave races or helots. Subject races of the Khanate were sometimes offered the option to genetically enhance their populations.

In addition to the above races, the Khanate had fought a devastating war against the Romulans in the 2100s, and had forced the Tzenkethi, Breen and Tholians to all acknowledge the power of Earth and to back down to their own respective territories.