Extract of sample"Bioremediation Mycoremediation: the role of fungi to rescue the Oil spills"

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This mainly happens due to the human activity since it mainly occurs in the marine region; hence, it can be termed as marine oils spills. Moreover, it also occurs in the land. “Oil spills happen when people make mistakes or are careless and cause an oil tanker to leak oil into the ocean. Equipments breaking down may also cause oil spills.” (Oil Spills, 2002). The factors lying behind the marine oil spills are due to the human activity or through any natural disaster like storms and hurricanes. Apart from the above, people may illegally dump the pollutants, such as the crude oil, into the sea. Moreover, terrorists may also cause the oil spills just to destroy the country’s resources. The major victims of the oil spills occurring in the sea would be the aquatic animals and other marine living organisms which include plants under the sea. Thus, cleaning up and recovering from the oil spill are a major tasks and it is mainly based on the factors such as the nature of the oil that is being spilled, the quantity or the amount and the nature of the area being affected. There are different methods for cleaning up the oil spills which ensemble chemical treatment and Bioremediation. Bioremediation is the process of using the microorganisms to break down and remove the pollutants. “Bioremediation usually involves the use of biological agents to detoxify a contaminated environment” (Thangarajan et al., 2011). ...
Generally, the oil spills are rich in hydrocarbons and they are considered to be prime polluting factor. Thus, some strains of fungus act effectively on these hydrocarbons and they degrade them effectively. The fungal mycelium excretes digestive enzymes and these enzymes break down the organic matter when it is absorbed into the fungal cells. The basic concept is that the molecules which are found in the hydrocarbons are similar to that of the carbohydrates which is plant based material and, hence, most of the fungi procure the ability to break down these hydrocarbons present in the oil spills. “Mycoremediation plays a vital role in breaking down the numerous toxic substances like petroleum hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyl, heavy metals (absorption), phenolic derivatives, persistent pesticides, etc.” (Varsha, Deepthi and Chenna, 2011). Hence, as stated above, some strains of fungi utilize some of the hazardous chemical compounds as their nutrient source and they convert them into simpler nontoxic fragment forms. “Fungi are non-photosynthesizing, heterotrophic organism that derives energy from a saprophytic or parasitic existence”(Myco-Remediation, n. d.). Basically, the Mycoremediation process can be divided into three general categories, namely: using the target compound as a carbon source and attacking them, the target compound is being destroyed enzymatically and the hydro carbons in the oil spills are being taken up and concentrated within the organisms instead of being metabolized (Bioaccumaulation). Accordingly, most of the fungi species participate in all the above mentioned biodegradable processes and are more proficient in metabolizing the target compound and the bioaccumulation
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Great paper! Used it to complete an assignment for a biology course. It was easy as ABC, for the first time in my life.

However, to fully comprehend how the cleaning up process of oil spill works, it is necessary to understand the chemistry behind mitigation of oil spills.
There are several ways in controlling and cleaning up oil spills. These methods are usually combinations of

Moreover, it also occurs in the land. “Oil spills happen when people make mistakes or are careless and cause an oil tanker to leak oil into the ocean. Equipments breaking down may also cause oil spills.” (Oil Spills, 2002). The factors lying behind the marine oil spills are due to the human activity or through any natural disaster like storms and hurricanes.

The disaster occurred in August, 2011. According to the estimates made by the department of energy and climate change, the company spilled several hundred tones of oil into the North Sea via the Gannet Alpha platform. North Sea has not seen a spill of this large a volume since the year 2000 when a company spilled about 500 tones.

The context of the say will not brief about the facts and features of the article. Rather the researcher would be analyzing the ways in which the circumstances in the real world indirectly indicate the different microeconomic theories. The researcher would refer to three microeconomic aspects that can be focused on the article and show its impact on the real world.

Comparative Environmental Law on Oil Spills
There has been increasing public concern over oil spills in the recent years. Contemporary environment is facing many challenges regarding different forms of pollution. It is undisputable that oil pollution resulting from oil spillages is a significant threat to both aquatic and non-aquatic life either directly of indirectly.

nding threats to the bodies of water around the globe these past decades due to unprecedented and irrational coastline overdevelopment, global warming, relentless fishing practices, and pollution, particularly caused by oil spills. According to the Glossary of Environment

In Situ bioremediation (ISB) is the use of bioremediation in the subsurface – as contrasted to ex Situ bioremediation, which relates to media readily available aboveground (e.g., Soil piles or bioreactors).

In order to mitigate the issues or the impact associated with oil spills, certain legislations have been enacted by the legal authorities. One such legislation is the Oil Pollution Act. The law was enacted post-Exxon Valdez incident. It has been introduced with the intention to prevent as well as respond to any incident of an oil spill.