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WEIHCKSDAV, MAltCIl 10, 1880.
THE METRIC SYSTEM.
BT A. II. MCKAY, 11. A., It. SC.
The metric system of weights and
measure!) was originated in France.
The Bishop of Autun, better known
as Prince lie Talleyrand, first sub
mitted the project of a decree upon
the subject of the National Assem
bly, in 17'JO. On the 7th of April,
17D", the new system was adopted
and the old suppressed. The key
stone of the whole fabric was the
metre, a unit of length of the
most cosmopolitan character, being
the 10,000,000th part of a meridian
of the eartli from polo to equator.
Decimal divisions only were used
for all the other weights and meas
ures and their subdivisions. This,
besides forming a system which
might be adopted by every nation of
the world without any sentimental
objections, besides annihilating vex
ations and expensive dilllculties in
international trade, sweeps from the
common school arithmetic nearly' all
the compound rules. The gain to
the community by the universal
adoption of Hie system, once the
dilllculties of introduction arc passed,
may be put down under three heads,
viz: 1st. implication in foreign
trade business, -'ml. .Simplieatioh in
all computations involving weights
and measurements, and, ."nl. A great
gain in the amount of practical
arithmetic taught in the common
school.
.Next, let us consider the history
of its progress in the direction of
universal adoption. Although, as
remarked by Mr. Adams in his re
port to Congress on the subject in
1821, "it would be impossible to
devise a decimal system more per
fect and harmonious in its parts,
coupled with a nomenclature so ex
pressive of the multiple or division
of the unit of weight or measure it
represents," yet from its very incep
tion it met with the most overwhelm
ing dilllculties in being introduced
into popular practice. In France,
1812, a decree permitted the use of
the old weights and measures. In
1837, the old system was swept out,
allowing some toleration, however,
until the 1st of Jan., 1810. After
this date even a reference to the old
weights and measures in any con
tract was followed by heavy penal
ties. In 1SG1, the metric system
was made permissive in Great Brit
ain. The Imperial system establish
ed by law in 183.1 is yet most ex
tensively used in all ordinary busi
ness. The metric system is, lioweTcr,
becoming more popular, especially
in the universities and high schools,
and in the lines of trade with coun
tries which have already adopted the
decimal metrology. In 18C8, the
.North German Parliament passed an
act adopting the system, and declar
ing its use permissive from 1st Jan.,
1870, but compulsory on and after
1st Jan., 1872. In 1871, it was
made permissive in the Dominion of
Canada. It was at that date wholly
adopted in the following countries,
having an aggregate population of
MC, 010,000, viz.: France with
Algiers, Belgium, Netherlands and
Colonies, Italy, Papal SJtatcs, Spain
and Colonics, Poitugal and Colonics,
Greece, Mexico, Chili, Brazil, New
Grenada, and other South American
Republics. It was partially adopted
by the following, having a popula
tion of 183,000,000, viz. : Switzer
land, llansc Towns, Denmark,
Austria and British India. It was
permissive in the following, with a
population of 1)0,000,000, viz.:
Great Britain, United Status of
America and Prussia and North
Germany. Since this time the
metric system lias deen silently but
continuously growing in popularity
in these latter countries, in which it
has been merely permissive.
The fact that so many countries
have already given up their old sys
tem for the metric, and that in our
country it is pcrmissi.vc, is one of
the most positive and unanswerable
proofs of its gicat advantages. It is
therefore the duty of all who know
tlicso facts to bring them to the
knowledge of our people, and keep the
subject before them until they be
ready to utilize for their own and
their country's advantage this sys
tem which is now within their reach.
And nowhere can this lie more
effectively done than through our
schools.
FOlt BENT.
The house and premises on
Emma St i cut, opposite the
r...llf.nPH of JlS. CaUinhcIl.
Esei., and now occupied hy Capt. G.
Jackson. Possession given on or nftcr
the 15th Inst. Awjfjlo B0UABpm
Honolulu, Mnich-l.lSSO. 07 lw
BAGGAGE EXPRESS.
Tim iiinlcrsli'ntd liavlnc
taken charge of Huggago
sKxnrcss No. !)l, for the
Tiurnoso of carrying on tho Express am
bray business, hopes by pujing stuci
attention to business to recuse a sliaro
of public pntronage.
I3T Moving Pianos am 1 (grnltuni a
specialty. B; llUiG3' tU-
ItcBldonco, corner Punchbowl and Bo
rctimia Sticets. Mutual Tclephono U20
fa, Dow & Co., Telephone 170
EMPLOYMENT 01
rpiIU undersigned has mov
JL olllcoof Mr. J. E. Wiser
ICE,
into the
n, where
he will be prepared to fitm i house
hold servants, collect btll, i'o Anglo.
Chinese interpreting, and general
business. (C!) 0m) SC fONG.
TO THE PUBLiC.
Tie Pacific Transfer Go,,
Office with C. Iv. Miller,
12 Merchant Street,
Bell Tel, 377, Mutual Tel., 391.
1 am fully prepared to do nil kinds of
d ravage, hauling or moving work, all of
which I will guiirnntce to execute faith
fully. G2 ly S. F. GRAHAM, Prop'r.
FOB SSAIL.3B.
IndiaRiceMill,
San Francisco, Cal.
IN consequence of tho denth of the
owner of this well-known property,
tho whole establishment is ottered for
alc, mill will be disposed of as an en
tirety, offering a favorable opportunity
to any one disposed to enter into this
business. The Mills for cleaning mid
hulling arc of the most approvetl put
tern, with a Corliss Engine of 100-horto
power, built in 188:), with all the latest
improvements; alo, a biipcrlor Boiler
and all Machinery necessary for clean
big Rice ready for immedinle uic.
The land upon which the t-tuicturc Is
erected is held by" lease, expiring July
1, 1S87, with tho privilege of 5 years' ex
tension upon very favorable terms, or
the Mills and Machinery can be rcniov
ed if bo desired. For further paiti
culnrs, npply to
J. T. WATERIIOUSE,
Honolulu, or to
S. L. Jonus & Co., San I'lam ivo. 08
JUST REGEIYED!
A Largo and well selected block of
CALIFORNIA
WINES,
comprised in part as follows:
Gutedel, White Wine,
Reisling,
Red Zinfandel,
Hock, Claret,
Burgundy, Angelica,
Sherry, Port,
Tokay, Sweet Muscat,
Malaga, Madeira,
etc., in Casks and Cases.
Having been appointed solo agents
by Messrs. S. Laohman & Co. for their
justly celebrated brands, wo are enabled
to oiler tho above goods to our friends
nud the public generally at uuumtilly
lew rates.
Freeth & Peacock.
200 Om
JUST RECEIVED,
rpHE following Charts direct fioin tho
X English Admiralty:
1'acllle Ocean; 1'aellle O -ean, S. W.
sheet; Paelllc Ocean, N.W. -beet; Tact
ile Oram, H. E. sheet; Paelllc Ocean,
N. E. sheet; Sandwich biands; Fan.
nine's Island, Gilbert Is amis; Flgl
Islands; New Caledonia, Ke rt Hebrides,
and Loyalty Isles; Xow Cukdonla;
Is'imionuito Islands; Maeko t.lo Island;
Anchorages In Solomon Isla. ds: Anchor
ages in Marshall Islands; oith Paelllc
Caiolliio Islands; Truk or Iloyolu
Islands; Auelteiim Island; (Jllbeit Isl
ands; Kit! Islands; Yap I land; Ohio
lino Island; Anchorages In tho New
Hebrides; North Paelllc Marshall Island;
Noith 1'acillo Caroline island; S. W.
Paelllc Xew Hebrides; Mar .ball Islands.
For sale by J. M. OAT, .1 H. & CO..
25 Merchant St,
Honolulu, If. I. Cl S)y
15. F. 1
l'res
an linger.
Pac3 c Hardware Company
Su. ibbo' ;to Dillingham
FOKTS1TCJ P, : : :
a .'JJTDJbJY GOODS,
. '..- ice , c. S.S. Ahuneda and St. Paul, latest designs In
Silvor-1 Is ted .re, Chandeliers & lamps,
C-J02J Water Filters & Coolers, Cutlery, etc., etc., etc
GEO. EN&ELHARDT,
(Formeily with Simucl Nott. '
-Importer unci Dottier in I
STOVES, CHANDELIERS, LAMPS, '
7 i
CROCKERY, GLASSWARE, HOUSE FUKN1SIIIXG HARDWARE,
agate ikon and tinware.
Agent Hall's Safe
. .
pcai-vi diui, - -
t3 Store formerly occupied by S. XO'IT,
110
P. O. Dox 297.
LEWIS & CO., GROCERS,
IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN
StiB -, le aiiti Pimey Groceries,
()7 mid f Hotel Street,
Fresh Goodf ontiir ly on the way. A nice assortment of Biscuits just received
CO Gni delivered to Waikiki Tiitxlavs and Fridays.
i . icINTYKE &. BRO.
IMPOllTEllS AND DEALERS IN
G-rc ;er es, Provisions and Feed,
E. ' CORNER FORT AND KING STREETS.
New G is 'n ived by every Packet from the Eastern Stale and Eurnp
Fre-h Calin da I uluco by c cry Steamer. All oiders faithfully intruded i
ami Goods i Ivcrc to any part ol the city free of charcc. Ilituil mel. rs -ol
cited. Satb -clion uaranteeil. Pot Olllee l!o. Mfi. Telenhiuiu No. t).'. 108 1
JOHI ITT, 1. 8
CO
O
H
CO
-ri. f5SK''fl
utv v&ig!.y&&
L ' SW.WM
ivr:r- rr&rrEn?JC5t.i
ti! JifiTrJMr if i w mlf$J?r, evl i.t ,
-nr Jm SlSSll
l.C- !ir-AB?.BW .lVu7 ! -..-i.u mjj .?-y-TZ.. m-w-IA. 1
kMmasaa
z. in . i
Grianite, iron and Tin Ware !
Chandeliers, Lamps and Lanterns,
WATER PIPE and RUBBER HOSE,
house Keeping Goods,
PLUMBING, TIN, COPPER AND
993 SHEET IRON WORK.
COOL OFF !
ICE GREAM,
D Y U BAY 1
Make wll' . id chlhlien happy
by pplj ' them with
Jin ( bruteel
Eli:!;
made I .
Go ai'
bucket e. i
jiack ord
epiarts in
ranted, to
perfect lo
, Eo Cream
i p'. i Woodlawn Dairy
mi.
rpi your feilks, ordi'v a
"dci ins Ice Ci earn. We
.or 1 Cream from 1 to fiO
cut rlgerator Cans, iur.
P lilightful lluvor and
foi ny hours.
Families irtit lalls and Weddings
Su. .lied.
Our Vie i C( . s arc tho Favoiite
with all tl uadi f Honolulu.
CHOICiFR CH CANDIES,
Imported sh n in great variety by
iver, t earner.
Ring Up Re I felcp o .0 182 or Mutual 338.
Tho El 1 1 Ic i Cream Parlors.
IS'o. 5 i tl Hti'cjot,
Are ion e y until 11 r.M.
5GOKS,
Tho Dojisof Great
tea and other Conn
inu, Training, and
llh and Dbeiibe," by
tents anil Auecilotes
JUST re ivi-el,
Hrit j , Am
tiles: Th'i Rr
Miiuagcui'Mi in'
Stoneliei) . . " Ii
of the Ci.il War. ' bv Admiral Toiler.
41 J.iV. OAT, JR., & go.
--rw"rinii'rjinTiiTiiirirnii nimmgi
t
JAS. O. SlT.STKU,
Sccrctmy and Treasurer.
?
& Co. rind Samuel Nott.
:::::: HONOLULU
: : :
and Lock Company, i
I o. . '
- run oirccu
oprosite Spreckels & Co.'s Bank. -a
Telephone 210.
Miim
'rw
.-?v
CZ3
JSU-
PIONEER
St'm Candy Factory
and l5kory.
li:stalli!sliea 186S .
F. HORN,
Proprieto
No. 71 HOTEL ST., between
Niiuauit and Foil Sts.
Has always on hand tho largest Su
of Caudles, both Plain and Fancy, gt
anleeil to bo STRICTLY PURE
AVIiolcNiilc Jiml ICetdil
Rich' Wedding Cab
Of a Twenty Years' Reputation, aV
Sizes alas on hand, oinamenltel
in any Style.
Pastries of All Description Made tj
Order at Short Notice.
Pure iukI
Wholesome Bread,
Fiesh ovcry Day.
Hell and Mutual Telephone. No, 7-1.
1', O ,Uox No. 70. 10S
Street
5V'.5TrVwi;'25tf zxnRPX-KATi la
, T--J.
:T$ ,m.i
ra 'vsf
rw gy
yMiMiwwntfirff aimaWrfiimiifl"' lanwa a
FLOUR, FLOTR.
Well ltno-vvn
MbKuJfU ft I lulluul JJi tlllilb.
A first-class Baker's and Family Flour.
FOR SALE HY
CASTLE & COOKE.
10 ilin
, JPOIS. 8S.AJL.3E.,
nmAc, Hrpnntp
vl U.U.U UJl CUpU lU
In Drums, invaluable for preserving
K'S'itfjre
sold cheap. Also,
Liverpool Salt in Bags,
A Rc Sa,t ,m ,Lumps;
At reduced rates. Special rates to plan.
unions, cattlemen and other huge
owneis 01 biock.
02 iHEO. II. DAVIES&Co.
COAL, COAL.
.A. Xe-w CusUh of
Franklin Stove Coal,
just received, f Imrk I.ovspilng.
Also,
Departure Bay and
AUSTRALIAN GOAL,
For sab' in epinniities to suit.
Dediieied tree.
N. II. When melriiug coal ask if vou
get 'J.OOO eir li.y HI lbs. ne-r Ton. We Veil
long Toih. (fillm) WILDER .t CO.
AV IT-.I)Ii:R'W H. S- CO.
J.lniltfel.
Steamor Kinau
&&?Jta& Kii't?, Commander,
Lenvea Honolulu each Tuesday at
4 p.m., touching at Labaina, Mau
lueu Bay, Makenu, Mabukona, Ka
walbao, Laupuhoeboe and Hilo.
Ketuniing, will touch at ill the
alove ports, arriving at Honolulu
each Sntunltiv afternoon.
TIIK KAST BA1I.IN11
-Schooner EHTJKAI
will run regularly
TO WAIALUA EVERY MONDAY,
Returning on Thursday, weather
permitting
For freight or passage apply to the
Captaiu on lieiarel, or to
1'acikio Navigation Co.,
181 Agents
FOR TCOT-OA Sx AVATMRA
Wt-4 KAUAI.
The Clipper Schooner
WAIEHU,
F. Kibbling, .... Master,
Will run regularly to the ports of
KOLOA, HANAl'EPE & WALMEA,
KAUAI. For freight or passage apply
to the Captaiu on board, or to the
Pacific Navigation Co.,
890 8m Cor. Nuuami & Queen sib.
VOLCANO ROUTE.
J.
Commencing on Monday, October
12th, and thence on the 111 st Monday
following tho arrival of the Alameda
unci Mariposa on the 8th and 22ud of
each month.
The steamer Ik in nil will make the
Volcano Trip, reaching Keauhou on
Weelnesday morning, giving Temrists
twei days and two nights at the Volcano
Hi'Use.
When the Sth and 22nd of the month
fall 011 Monday, the Ivimtu will leave
that day.
IS." Tickets (or lha Round Trip, $50, which
pays all Charges. -fea
The Minim will nirive in Honolulu
Sunday mornings on Volcano 'flips. On
Hilo Trips, will leave Honolulu on
Tuesdays, and leturn Saturday morn
bigs. WILDER'S STMSIi IP CO.
Honolulu, Sept. M, 18S5. 121 tf
Will ho open every attornoon and even,
ing as follows:
Muiietny.Tiifmtuy.'lVeiliii'Hitrr.'riiiii-M:
ilny mill Hatureluy I'.vi-ii iih.
To the public in genci 1.
FltlDAY JV.13JYi:NGH,
For ladlo3 and gentlemen.
Tui'Hiluy AI'le'i'iuxniM,
For ladies, gentlemen and'ehlhlrcn.
nIUlsllc,.
Friday anil Saturday Eenlngsj also, nt
the Tuesday Matinee.
" 12-Candy Party,
" 13-0ranpfe Race for Prize.
THOS, 33. WALL, ilapagor,
147
&fi.
-jQflitK
Hers mm Co.
Yonto Skating Hink,
bmjie i !
Insuraci d,
CASTLE & COKE,
Life, Firo &. Marino li .ui uo Agents.
AdtNTS lull
Tho Xaw I'nj'lniiet
MUTUAL LIFE INS. COMP'Y,
e)f Eohton.
The iEtua Fire Insurance Co,
of ilartforel, Conn.
The; Union I'lie' meet
Marine Insurance Co.
of San Fianelsro, (Jala.
101 ly
Prussian National
Insurance Comp'y
K8TA1IMSII KI) 1810, "
Capital 9,000,000 Rolchsmarks.
rIIIE undersigned, having be.cn ap
X pointed agent of the above Company
for the Hawaiian Islands, is prepared to
arcept risks, against Flic, on Buildings,
Furniture, Merchandhc, Produce, Sugar
Mills etc., on the most Favorable. Terms
Losses Promptly Adjusted and Payablo In
Honolulu.
II. RIEMENSCHNEIDER,
C70 ly at Wilder & Co's.
Tliu Equitable Iiifc AsNiiraiiei
Society of tlic United
States.
r.NTAItMNIIi:i IX 1K.V.I.
ISSUES Policies on the most approve el
plans, viz. :-Oreliiiary Lite, Lilo, Limit
ed Payments, Endowments; Tontine
Savlnts Fund, Tontines, Semi-Teiiitiiies;
A. U. C. Tontines; Lilo mid Sunlvor.
ship Annuities; Uhllilrtu's Endowments,
Joint Life Risks, Pailncisltip Iiibuinuce,
etc., etc., etc.
Policies both Incontestable anil Non
f 01 fella hie.
Coniesteel claims, none.
Uctore insuring elsewhere, call and
gel an estimate.
It Is calculated that 1 very reasonable
wish of the insured is e mbodied In one
ui more of the plans.
Fur full particulars anil pamphlets,
npply lo
AI.F.X. .1. OAUTlVJlKaiT,
Ocneial Agent foi i1 n..iian islands.
(10 ly
STATES! ,E. F.
rpiIE undcrsigiieil, a C'omniittcc of Di
JL rectors ot the Eeinlti.ulu Life As.
Miinucu Society of the United Stales,
appointed to formulate the views of tic
lioard on the advantages ottered by tho
Society to the public, n poi :
1st The Society ifbuu.i u'l tho approv
cd forms ol iusurunte, ine hiding Ord'
nary Life, Endowment and Tontine pc
licies. it Is immaterial to tlie Diiectors
which torm of policy is taken hy in.
tcmllng assurers.
2d The Life and Endowment founs
of policy provitlo lorannunl cash elivi.
denili anil a suricnelei value; 1110 bulls
putable alter three years und payable
iniiuediiitely nftcr proot of death.
ild The premiums on a Tontine po
licy tiro tho same as on the Oidluary
Lite, hut, while- the latter Is only pay.
able in the event ot death, the holder of
the Tontine policy hii3 the right to elraw
the whole of the rcseno anil thu aecu.
niulatcd profits in cash nt the end of a
btated period; thus, during his own life,
time, utter his producing years are past,
ho ean, without any larger piotmum
than on an ordinary policy, sec-uio these
gi enter advantages.
4th Experience- shows that the return
paiel in cubli on maturing Tontine po
licies approximates to or exceeds the
amount of premiums paid by policy
holders, fco that the average cost of tho
assurance will bo only about the interest
on the premiums.
Cth Tontine policies, like others, nro
paid in full in tile event of death at any
time during the term of the policy, and
are incontestable-alter three yeais, and
payable Immediately after duo proof of
death.
Otli Experience shows that the mor
tallty is lower -among Tontine policy,
holtleis, as the better lives beck this
kind ot assurances, which is a consider
able souice of profit.
7th Tontlno policies will bo made
non-lorfeitablo under the laws of thu
State, if so dcsireel at the time the as
surnnco is cfi'ccted.
8th The Tontine system is fair and
just; its accounts arc accurately kept,
bepurato from nil other business; the
funds judiciously invested and Improv.
ed. and the accumulated profits lalth
lully guarded and property iippoitioncel.
0th The- Society has since its organ!,
zntlon tiaiibuetul a larger amount of
new business than nny oilier company,
whilo its new business for the Hist half
of the present year is $1,700,000 larger
thun that of the fiist half of 1881. It
has Assets of $00,000,000, over 14,000,
000 of Surplus, ami its ratio of Surplus
to Liability is greater than that ol any
other company.
CiiAUKcnv M. Dni-uw,
loiIN A. fc'lT.WAllT,
EUOUSi! Kui.i.v,
WlI.LlAM A. WlIKKLOCK,
CllA3tl..iH i, LAXDON,
Joii.n Slo. sk,
HllMlY IJ. llYDU,
Committee of the Hoard of Diiectors of
the Eepiltable Lilo .Usuranco Society
ol the United States.
ALEX. J. C VRPWHIGHT,
General Agent for 1 avjlian islande.
Eepiltable Life A 'erar 0 Society.
12"- lv
To Let Furnished,
AT Kllaueu, Kauai, a comfortable,
lloiisuaiiel Cottage eminently suila
blo lor a family wi lib ',' to spend a
h jit uino in thu conn iv Apply to
IANAOER,
3u It Kllaueu Su; ar Co., Kauai.
Notice of Letters Patent
ALL persons are hereby notified that
Letters Patent weio Issued bv thu
Hawaiian Government to JA'MES
KEXNEY of Honolulu on tho l'.lih elay
ot December, a. I). UKi, for an Improve
ment in binko, gig ai 1 I'haiso spiiugs,
and that saiel Letters Patent wciu 11s
signcd by thu said Junius Kenuey to thu
Hawaiian Carriage Manufacturing Com
pany on the :22ml day ot December, a.i.
1880, wherefore the t.iid llnwaibiu Car.
Hugo Manufacturing Company heioby
warns all persons iiiilns.t infringing on
thu said Letters P.ituiii.
HAW'N CARRIAGE MANF'G Co.
Honolulu, Dec. Vi, 1863, SOS tf
'
t.
I