Entertainment

Are Twitter's sports trolls out of control?

The Los Angeles Lakers — a star-stacked superteam with four potential Hall of Famers — have struggled out of the gate this NBA season, and many have placed the blame squarely on new head coach Mike Brown, who was fired on Friday after just five games. Fan frustration, however, reached an ugly crescendo earlier this week, with sports trolls using Twitter to threaten Brown's teenage son, according to an Orange County Register report.

That's just the latest in a seemingly increasing series of harassments and even death threats against sports figures. When NFL player Kyle Wilson was hit with death threats in January, the incident was perceived as — if not unprecedented — novel and shocking. Since then, reports of players being threatened on Twitter have become more and more common. Sportscaster Erin Andrews was a high profile victim less than three weeks ago, and posted this response:

Why twitter needs policing RT @hyuncmartinez: @erinandrews You make eye contact with me and I will chop you apart. You are just a bad thing

The growing frequency and severity of sports trolling has raised a number of relevant questions: Have Twitter's sports trolls gone too far? Can anything be done about them? And, if not, what are the consequences?

A Spiraling Culture of Abuse

Bill Voth, whose company Spiracle Media helps with social media for a number of colleges as well as NBA star Stephen Curry and Olympic gold medalist Ricky Berens, says he's seen a rise in venomous, execrable behavior by fans on Twitter. He also believes it could eventually lead athletes and celebrities — who played an integral role in raising the microblogging network to its current omnipresence and popularity — to migrate away.

"It just seems like it's every week now, and it's gone from just small trolling to threats of physical harm," he told Mashable. "Trolls are getting louder and more powerful, and I think ultimately this is one of the biggest threats to Twitter itself."

In addition to physical threats, players regularly receive racial abuse and overly harsh criticism after injuries or disappointing performances. According to Voth, Curry was inundated with "dozens" of messages, many of them vulgar, each day while dealing with nagging ankle problems that forced him out of fantasy basketball lineups last season.

"This sounds cheesy, but these athletes and celebrities are humans too," Voth says. "When you keep picking at them and sending them messages that they suck, it could get out of hand and eventually affect Twitter's business model."

There's also the question of what would happen if a crazed but, by all appearances, delusional and harmless online troll actually carried out a tweeted threat of physical harm. That would obviously raise the stakes and attention paid to harassment, but likely not have any direct effect on Twitter, according to Bradley Shear, an attorney who specializes in social media issues.

"It would be very difficult to hold Twitter and/or any other social media liable for death threats made on their platform," Shear told Mashable in an email. "However, under the right set of facts, it is conceivable that a digital platform would be liable if they knew or should have known about a potential danger and they did not properly warn others."

Anti-Troll Legislation

A Twitter spokesperson pointed to the company's terms of abusive behavior and law enforcement guidelines, but also emphasized the notion that social media doesn't motivate people to express feelings they don't already have. The company says it follows up on every reported case of abuse, and works to facilitate law enforcement investigations when applicable. Twitter, however, has also long been vocal about its stance on not moderating content.

While it may seem repulsive in the United States, where freedom of speech is a sacred trope of national identity, trolls who harass athletes in England can be prosecuted and land in jail. In one high-profile case this summer, British diver Tom Daley outed a hateful abuser during the Olympics, and the troll was later arrested. In March a racist Twitter troll was sentenced to 56 days in jail.

Voth, for one, doesn't rule out the possibility that similar legislation could eventually be a necessity stateside.

"It's gone from bad to worse in just a year or two, so what's it going to be like in another year or two?" he says. "Is this something where we need to pass laws against trolls?"

Do you think sports trolls — or Twitter trolls in general — are out of control, or just an unfortunate reality that can't be dealt with? How would you like to see the issue addressed, either by Twitter or legally?

BONUS GALLERY: Our Favorite Sports Social Media Moments of 2012

13 Biggest Sports Social Media Moments in 2012

As New England Patriot Devin McCourty took on the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLVI, his followers were still able to receive real-time updates from his social feeds. But he wasn't sneaking tweets between plays or during timeouts. Devin and twin brother Jason, who plays for the Tennessee Titans, share their Twitter and Facebook accounts. The Super Bowl showcased one of the more creative approaches to social media in the sports world.

New York Knicks guard Jeremy Lin, an unheralded, fringe NBA player out of Harvard, enjoyed a magical run of success in February, propelling him to worldwide stardom.

But that wasn't restricted to the hardcourt. Lin-themed memes popped up left and right, and tribute raps appeared on YouTube. Lin added Twitter followers at an exponential rate, and even tech publications that normally steer clear of sports were forced to take notice of "Linsanity."

When the Daytona 500 NASCAR race was delayed in late February after an explosion and fire on the track, driver Brad Keselowski began tweeting from his car. He posted the image at left, chatted with fans and gained more than 100,000 followers during his historic and shocking Twitter spree.

As the Los Angeles Kings played their way to a Stanley Cup title, the squad's social media team redefined the digital sports marketing playbook. Sassy tweets like the one at left -- directed at Stanley Cup Finals opponent the New Jersey Devils -- bucked a conservative status quo in the industry. But the social team pulled off its blatantly biased voice, jabs at opposing fans and goofy jokes with aplomb, gaining more than 60,000 followers during the playoffs.

Last spring, despite still being in his mid-20s, NBA star LeBron James, typically an engaging tweeter, endured more pressure and criticism than any player in basketball history for a lack of championships.

In late April, his Miami Heat began their playoff journey, and James went silent on social media. Weeks and weeks passed, but he didn't break his silence. Finally in June, the Heat won, and James celebrated his first title with this giddy message: "OMFG I think it just hit me, I'm a CHAMPION!! I AM a CHAMPION!!"

The United States' Olympic basketball team of NBA mega-stars toured the world to practice and bond before the 2012 Games. During their travels, many of the players belied an unexpected yet profound love for everyone's favorite photo sharing app, Instagram. Dorky tourist shots and sneak attacks on snoozing teammates flooded the interwebs with hilarious and humanizing moments, providing a reminder that in many ways, our idols aren't so different from us.

It's easy to forget how much ugly abuse our athletic idols endure on social media. After a poor performance in the Summer Olympics, British diver Tom Daley was targeted by a troll who referenced his recently deceased father. Daley fought back by outing the troll to his 580,000 followers. Fans rallied to Daley's defense, and the harasser was eventually arrested under Britain's malicious communications laws.

Immediately after favored American gymnast McKayla Maroney stumbled to a silver metal during the Summer Olympics and displayed her disapproval with a memorable scowl, the Internet worked its meme magic.

McKaylaIsNotImpressed.tumblr.com collected images of McKayla, superimposed onto famous scenes from history, pop culture and the news. At left, McKayla is being a wet blanket with an ecstatic, post-landing Mars rover team.

Sometimes brands and sports teams don't realize how much social media has shifted the balance of public relations power toward the common fan.

In September, a Kansas City Chiefs social media manager sent the disrespectful Twitter DM at left to a disgruntled fan, who, as it happened, was a professional social media expert. The fan went thermonuclear in the digital flamewar, blowing the story up on Reddit, Twitter and even mainstream media.

Animosity mounted among NFL players over the league's reliance on under-qualified replacement referees to start the season. Then the Green Bay Packers lost over a controversial call during Monday Night Football in September. Packer T.J. sent the following two tweets immediately after the game. Each gained tens of thousands of retweets. Fans and other players loved his candor, and the NFL's normal refs were soon back calling games.

British soccer star Ashley Cole posted the following message about England's governing body of soccer in October, after the organization cast doubt on his credibility in an investigation. The outburst and creative hashtag were a comedic hit with many fans, but Cole's pocketbook took a pretty epic dent when the same organization he blasted fined him £90,000 -- or 145,000 American dollars.

The San Francisco Giants swept the Detroit Tigers to win the World Series in October. And the team was just as stellar in the social space. Creative engagement initiatives pulled fans in, and the social media home runs culminated when the team actually matched President Obama's near-perfect Klout score of 99.

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