When in April 2009, 112 child soldiers who had served with the rebel National Liberation Forces (FLN) were freed following the signing of a cease-fire agreement between the FLN and the government of Burundi, the existence of modern-day child soldiers was brought forcefully into the international spotlight. Worldwide, armed forces and nongovernmental armed groups recruit and exploit children, who are defined under international law as those under 18 years of age. Though the number of child soldiers is unknown—many child recruiters successfully hide their actions, and some children lie about their age in order to join political struggles—it is estimated that at any time, there are approximately 250,000 child soldiers, many of whom are girls. Although most child soldiers are teenagers, the recruits also include children as young as six or seven years of age. Children may also be born into armed groups. For example, the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), which abducted many children and fought...