In the Tradition

Following these two remarkably musical and politically relevant works [Am/Trak and Reggae or Not!] defining Baraka’s style in the late ‘70s and early ‘80s, he reaches even greater heights with In the Tradition. Privately published first in 1982 as a pamphlet, In the Tradition will some day be remembered as perhaps his most important work. In this piece, Baraka masterfully combines politics and cultural affirmation with a mature aesthetics reflective of the verse forms developed in Am/Track and Reggae or Not!. In the Tradition celebrates Baraka’s African-American heritage and its cultural achievement:

In the tradition of

All of us, in an unending everywhere at the same time line

In motion forever

Like the hip Chicago poet Amus Mor

Like the Art Ensemble

Like Miles’s Venus DeMilo
……………………

in the tradition of all us in the positive aspect

all of our positive selves [.]

Clearly, In the Tradition represents Baraka at his best. By no means has his poetry suffered over the years. Rather, he has matured, finely tuning his lines and putting his listeners more in touch with poetic rhythms in a uniquely African-American tradition.

In 1980 Baraka’s long poem "In the Tradition" was published in The Greenfield Review. This poem, dedicated to contemporary alto saxophonist Arthur Blythe, is Baraka’s most fully realized and completed "epic" poem—epic in the Poundian sense that it concerns historical events. Baraka describes it as "a long poem, a poem about African-American history," and in it, he most successfully brings together his white and his black avant-garde traditions. While the thematic concerns here are black, they are expressed through an art form that derives not only from black music but also from both white and black avant-garde technique and theory. Like jazz, this form is uniquely New World, growing out of two distinct cultures and becoming something new.

The black tradition Baraka affirms in this poem is more complex than any conception of black culture he had expressed in the past. It is a tradition of heroes . . . . And it is a tradition of villains . . . . But while the poem is nationalist, affirming black people, it is revolutionary nationalist rather than culturalist. In his Marxist stage, Baraka has seen cultural nationalism as static, clinging to a feudal and romantic past, and he has seen revolutionary nationalism as committed to a struggle for a free and socialist future. According to Baraka, the revolutionary nationalist, like the cultural nationalist, believes like Marx "It in not enough to understand the world; we must change it," but unlike the nationalist the revolutionary knows the world can be changed only by organized revolution, not spontaneous revolt.

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The Modern American Poetry Site is a comprehensive learning environment and scholarly forum for the study of modern and contemporary American poetry. MAPS welcomes submissions of original essays and teaching materials related to MAPS poets and the Anthology of Modern American Poetry. We are also happy to take questions and suggestions for future materials.
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