Economy regains jobs lost during recession

America has finally recouped the nearly 9 million jobs lost during the recession, but the moment feels bittersweet.

New government data released Friday showed the economy added 217,000 jobs in May, sending total employment to a record high that eclipsed the previous peak reached just after the country went into recession.

The journey back has been longer and rockier than almost anyone expected — and it is far from complete. Even though the jobs have returned, the nation’s population has grown. The Economic Policy Institute, a left-leaning think tank, estimated that an additional 7 million positions are needed to fill that gap.

“There’s no victory laps being done around here,” Labor Secretary Thomas Perez said in an interview. “We have a lot of unfinished business.”

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That helps explain why the recovery still feels so sluggish despite more than four years of job growth. Many economists say the labor market has become increasingly polarized, with improvements skewed toward workers with more skills and better education. The unemployment rate for high school dropouts in May was 9.1 percent — triple the rate for college graduates. The national jobless rate was 6.3 percent.

But although the gains have come slowly, and often in fits and starts, they have materialized nonetheless. The job growth in May marked the fourth straight month that the economy has added at least 200,000 jobs, a key benchmark of a healthy economy.

The biggest driver of jobs last month was the professional and business services sector, which includes positions such as architects, accountants and administrative assistants. It created 55,000 net new jobs in May and has been a consistent source of growth.

The health-care industry added 34,000 jobs — double the average rate over the past year. Several industries that are key to middle-class job growth also reported robust hiring. Manufacturing of durable goods, such as cars, added 17,000 jobs, while the transportation industry filled 16,000 positions.

Those solid results offer convincing evidence that the economy has emerged from hibernation over the winter. After a surprise contraction during the first three months of the year, analysts are predicting that the economy will expand at a 3.5 percent annualized rate or more during this quarter.

“We’re in the clear for the second quarter,” said Doug Handler, chief U.S. economist at IHS Global Insight. “This is confirmation of that.”

Wall Street certainly welcomed the new data showing job growth. The Dow Jones industrial average and the broader Standard & Poor’s 500 index hit new highs Friday after booking gains of about half a percentage point. The major indexes have roared back in recent years after bottoming out in 2009.

— The Washington Post

tankers Association’s economic advisory committee, an influential group of analysts, forecast that investment in businesses and homes will keep the recovery humming for the rest of the year and into 2015. Despite a weak start to the housing market because of cold weather, higher prices and interest rates, the group predicted that residential investment would jump 10 percent this year.

“We foresee enough growth in jobs and income to keep housing strong even as mortgage rates rise,” said Christopher Low, the group’s head and chief economist at FTN Financial. “As home prices rise, we may begin to see an increasing wealth effect contribution to consumer spending.”

Sustained growth would help justify the Federal Reserve’s ongoing effort to phase out one of its signature stimulus programs. The central bank has slowly been reducing the amount of long-term bonds it buys each month and is widely expected to raise its benchmark interest rate next year for the first time since 2006.

However, the economy is facing many unanswered questions that could pose a threat to more rapid growth. Underemployment has remained stubbornly high despite broader improvements in the labor market. More than 7 million people held part-time jobs in May, even though they would like more hours.

Meanwhile, the number of people who have been out of a job for six months or longer was virtually unchanged at about 3.4 million workers — about one-third of the unemployed. An additional 700,000 workers have given up hope of finding a job altogether.

In addition, the number of people in the American workforce inched back up last month after falling dramatically in April. But the small gain was not enough to make a dent in the labor force participation rate, which was unchanged at 62.8 percent. A combination of aging baby boomers, discouraged workers and a lack of new entrants has shrunk the nation’s workforce to its lowest level since 1978.

That dynamic could push the unemployment rate down faster than expected — even if the recovery continues to be tepid. Barclays economist Michael Gapen estimated the jobless rate could break 6 percent by the end of the year.

“The participation rate is unlikely to rebound, even in a robust growth environment,” he said.