An abridged version of this paper is forthcoming in the May 2013 American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings. Support for this research was provided by a contract from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD; C-CHI-00808) and grants from the National Science Foundation (SES-0527615), National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD040404, R01-HD040444), Centers for Disease Control (R49-CE000906), National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH077026), National Institute for Aging (P30-AG012810, R01-AG031259, and P01-AG005842-22S1), the National Opinion Research Center's Population Research Center (through R24-HD051152-04 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development), University of Chicago's Center for Health Administration Studies, U.S. Department of Education/Institute of Education Sciences (R305U070006), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Russell Sage Foundation, Smith Richardson Foundation, Spencer Foundation, Annie E. Casey Foundation, and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Outstanding assistance with the data preparation and analysis was provided by Joe Amick, Ryan Gillette, Ray Yun Gou, Ijun Lai, Jordan Marvakov, Nicholas Potter, Matt Sciandra, Fanghua Yang, Sabrina Yusuf, and Michael Zabek. The survey data collection effort was led by Nancy Gebler of the University of Michigan's Survey Research Center under subcontract to our research team. We thank Janet Currie and many seminar participants for helpful comments. MTO data were provided by HUD. The data used in this paper will be made available through the Inter-university Consortium on Political and Social Research (ICPSR) at the University of Michigan. The views expressed in this work are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as those of the Congressional Budget Office or HUD. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

---- Disclosure of Financial Relationships for Jens Ludwig -----

I attest that:

1. All sources of financial support for the research described in our paper are disclosed as part of the acknowledgement section of the paper itself;

2. Over the past three years I have received at least $10,000 in support from two organizations that might be viewed as having some stake in the results of this paper – the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD (the sponsor of the Moving to Opportunity experiment that we study in our paper), and the MacArthur Foundation (which is heavily invested in efforts to improve housing conditions for low-income families as a way to improve their well-being).

3. I have no other paid or unpaid positions as an officer, director, or board member of any other relevant non-profit organization or profit-making entity.

4. I have no close relatives who have received support or serve in paid or unpaid positions from any interested party or relevant organization.

5. HUD is the only organization that had the right to review our paper prior to circulation; HUD’s review was only to ensure that the paper did not disclose any confidential information about participants in the MTO experiment.

6. As indicated in the acknowledgment section of our paper, the research reported on in our study was reviewed and approved by the IRB’s at HUD, the NBER, the University of Michigan, Northwestern University, and the University of Chicago.

Sincerely,

Jens Ludwig

McCormick Foundation Professor of Social Service Administration, Law, & Public Policy

University of Chicago

Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research

---- Disclosure of Financial Relationships for Greg J. Duncan -----

I attest that:

1. All sources of financial support for the research described in our paper are disclosed as part of the acknowledgement section of the paper itself;

2. Over the past three years I have received at least $10,000 in support from two organizations that might be viewed as having some stake in the results of this paper – the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD (the sponsor of the Moving to Opportunity experiment that we study in our paper), and the MacArthur Foundation (which is heavily invested in efforts to improve housing conditions for low-income families as a way to improve their well-being).

3. I have no other paid or unpaid positions as an officer, director, or board member of any other relevant non-profit organization or profit-making entity.

4. I have no close relatives who have received support or serve in paid or unpaid positions from any interested party or relevant organization.

5. HUD is the only organization that had the right to review our paper prior to circulation; HUD’s review was only to ensure that the paper did not disclose any confidential information about participants in the MTO experiment.

6. As indicated in the acknowledgment section of our paper, the research reported on in our study was reviewed and approved by the IRB’s at HUD, the NBER, the University of Michigan, Northwestern University, and the University of Chicago.

1. All sources of financial support for the research described in our paper are disclosed as part of the acknowledgement section of the paper itself;

2. Over the past three years I have received at least $10,000 in support from three organizations that might be viewed as having some stake in the results of this paper – the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD (the sponsor of the Moving to Opportunity experiment that we study in our paper); and the Gates and Russell Sage Foundations (both of which are heavily invested in efforts to improve housing conditions for low-income families as a way to improve their well-being).

3. I have no other paid or unpaid positions as an officer, director, or board member of any other relevant non-profit organization or profit-making entity.

4. I have no close relatives who have received support or serve in paid or unpaid positions from any interested party or relevant organization.

5. HUD is the only organization that had the right to review our paper prior to circulation; HUD’s review was only to ensure that the paper did not disclose any confidential information about participants in the MTO experiment.

6. As indicated in the acknowledgment section of our paper, the research reported on in our study was reviewed and approved by the IRB’s at HUD, the NBER, the University of Michigan, Northwestern University, and the University of Chicago.

Sincerely,

Lisa A. Gennetian

Senior Researcher, National Bureau of Economic Research

Research Affiliate, Institute for Human Development and Social Change, New York University

---- Disclosure of Financial Relationships for Lawrence F. Katz -----

I am a member of the Board of Trustees of the Russell Sage Foundation, the Board of Directors of the Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation, and the Panel of Economic Advisors of the Congressional Budget Office.

Over the past three years our research team has received at least $10,000 in support from two organizations that might be viewed as having some stake in the results of this paper – the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD (the sponsor of the Moving to Opportunity experiment that we study in our paper), and the MacArthur Foundation.

1. All sources of financial support for the research described in our paper are disclosed as part of the acknowledgement section of the paper itself;

2. Over the past three years I have not received financial support from any organizations that might be viewed as having some stake in the results of this paper.

3. I have no other paid or unpaid positions as an officer, director, or board member of any other relevant non-profit organization or profit-making entity.

4. I have no close relatives who have received support or serve in paid or unpaid positions from any interested party or relevant organization.

5. HUD is the only organization that had the right to review our paper prior to circulation; HUD’s review was only to ensure that the paper did not disclose any confidential information about participants in the MTO experiment.

6. As indicated in the acknowledgment section of our paper, the research reported on in our study was reviewed and approved by the IRB’s at HUD, the NBER, the University of Michigan, Northwestern University, and the University of Chicago.

Sincerely,

Jeffrey Kling

Faculty Research Fellow, National Bureau of Economic Research

---- Disclosure of Financial Relationships for Lisa Sanbonmatsu -----

I attest that:

1. All sources of financial support for the research described in our paper are disclosed as part of the acknowledgement section of the paper itself;

2. Over the past three years I have received at least $10,000 in support as an employee of the National Bureau of Economic Research for my work on the Moving to Opportunity project. The project is supported by the organizations listed in the paper’s acknowledgements.

3. I have no other paid or unpaid positions as an officer, director, or board member of any other relevant non-profit organization or profit-making entity.

4. I have no close relatives who have received support or serve in paid or unpaid positions from any interested party or relevant organization.

5. HUD is the only organization that had the right to review our paper prior to circulation; HUD’s review was only to ensure that the paper did not disclose any confidential information about participants in the MTO experiment.

6. As indicated in the acknowledgment section of our paper, the research reported on in our study was reviewed and approved by the IRB’s at HUD, the NBER, the University of Michigan, Northwestern University, and the University of Chicago.

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