岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586881956新有機燐農薬の毒性12111217ENTatsujiNambaRyomaHachiyaYuichiKurodaMinoruYamadaKiichiroKimuraArimitsuFukuharaAkiraMaedaTakeshiNakazawaKiyoshiYoshikawaTakashiKimuraShigeoTambaraThe toxicity of Diazinon, Chlorthion and Sumicide are studied in comparison with parathion The approximate LD(50) for rabbit are (mg per kg of weight) By the application of these compound, the changes are as follows; 1) Blood cholinesterase of rabbit, both serum and blood corpuscle, are similarly inhibited as the case of Parathion. 2) Symptom of poisoning with rabbit is the same as Parathion. 3) By the rabbit, there occur leucocytosis, mainly due to pseudoeosinophils, and the Arneth count is deflected to the left. Lymphocyte shows relative decrease. 4) Frog heart is examined by Staub-Fuhner method. Heart block that can be made by over 10(-8) concentration of Parathion, also occurs by 10(-7) Diazinon and 10(-6) Chlorthion. 5) The blood vessels of rabbit ear are dilated by the application of 0.1mg Diazinon. 6) Diazinon and Chlorthion make the lowering of arterial blood pressure in the experiment with dog. 7) By the subcutaneous application of these compound the rabbit serum protein and albumin increase, and gamma-globulin decreases.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586881956生体におけるパラチオンの運命12071209ENTatsujiNambaHajimeTanimotoKiichiroKimuraArimitsuFukuharaMinoruYamadaTakeshiNakazawaTetsuzoShiromotoParathion is distributed equally in the poisoned human bodies, as it has been in the case of experimental animals, and disappeared after 24-48 hours. This may be attributed to the splitting of parathion both p-nitrophenol and diethyl (thio) phosphate. The most part of p-nitrophenol is excreted in the urin within 1-2 days and only a part of it prolonged into a week accompaniing no sign of poisoning. It is said that diethyl (thio) phosphate is excreted similary, but poisonus (1/4-1/5 of parathion) for the human bodies and animals. The splitting above mentioned is based on the enzym action, including cholinesterase which is found in the animal sera and organ extracts. The parathion splitting action of serum is inhibited in the case of various kinds of disease.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586891956Parathionの臓器cholinesterase阻害作用15471549ENTatsujiNambaMinoruYamadaArimitsuFukuharaTakashiKimuraAkiraMaedaShigeoTambaraAkiyoshiYamamotoRabbits were given parathion subcutaneously and the cholinesterase of tissues ere estimated manometrically. 1. Rabbits was given 100 mg/kg of parathion, and at the time of death in 45 minutes the cholinesterase activity of plasma fell to 15% of normal, erythrocyte 19%, spinal cord
22%, brain 25%, heart 45%, intestine 48%, kidney 49%, liver and muscle 51%, spleen 57%, lung 61% and stomach 87%. 2. Tissue cholinesterase activity of plasma of rabbits subcutaneouslly injected 5 mg/kg of parathion fell to 15% in 12 hours, lung 18%, 12 hs., erythrocyte 23%, 12 hs., kidney 23%, 48 hs., spleen 25%, 6 hs., stomach 33%, 6 hs., spinal cord 33%, 12hs., brain 41%, 6 hs., heart 45%, 6 hs., intestine 49%, 12 hs., liver 57%, 12 hs., and muscle 58%, 6 hs., 3. Discussion were made on these data.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-155868111956メチルパラチオンの毒性―エチルパラチオンと比較して―19811987ENTatsujiNambaMinoruYamadaTakeshiNakazawaYoshioOkadaAkitoshiNakayamaKiyoshiYoshikayaTakashiKimuraAkiraMaedaTetsuzoShiromotoThe toxicity of emulsified methylparathion was examined in comparison with ethylparathion. i) The LD(50) of methylparathion given orally to mice was 19.4-30.5 mg/kg and its mean value was 25.4mg/kg. (LD(50) of ethylparathion was 11.5mg/kg) The approximate LD(50) of methylparathion (ethylparathion) for the rabbit was 40-50 (8-10) by subcutaneous injection, 50-60 (20) by oral route and 200-400 (50-100) by dermal application. Thus, methylparathion was about 1/2-1/3 as toxic as ethylparathion. ii) The manifestations produced by methylparathion administration for rabbits were similar to those by ethylparathion. In addition, it was noted that the rabbits Ìn moderately poisoned cases were led to death after a week from malnutrition accompanied with anorexia and diarrhea. iii) The inhibitory action of methylparathion on the rabbit blood cholinesterase in vitro, was about 1/2-1/3 as great as that of ethylparathion.
iv) In the laboratory rabbit there occurced leucocytosis, mainly occupied by pseudoeosinophils, and the deflection of Arneth count to the left as well as relative lymphocytopenia was observed.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586921957有機燐製剤中毒に関する研究 第一編 有機燐製剤の毒性に関する研究501514ENMinoruYamadaThe toxicity of emulsified methylparathion, diazinon, chlorthion and sumicide examined in comparison with that of ethylparathion in laboratory rabbit. The results were as follows. 1) All these compounds were absorbed by means of dermal, oral, subcutaneous snd intravenous application. Methylparathion was 1/21/4, chlorthion was 1/31/8 and sumicide was 1/25 as toxic as ethylparathion, but diazinon was toxic as much the same. 2) These compounds produced a marked depression of cholinesterase (ChE) activities of both serum and red blood cell in all subjects examined. The ChE inactivation caused by methylparathion and sumicide slower than that of the others. 3) The main symptoms caused by exposure to these compounds were alike to those produced by ethylparathion. 4) With the application of these compouuds, the changes of hemoglobin and red blood cell count were not remarkable, except in the sumicide case which the decrease of both occured 2 to 3 days after the administration. There occured, as the case of ethylparathion, leucocytosis, mainly occupied by pseudoeosinophils with the deflection of Arneth count to the left as well as relative lymphocytopenia.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586921957有機燐製剤中毒に関する研究 第二編 Parathion中毒の臓器Cholinesteraseに関する研究515523ENMinoruYamadaThe tissue cholinesterase (ChE) activity in normal rabbit was the highest in the central nervous system, and was high following descending order; liver, spleen, erythrocyte, lung, serum, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, heart and muscle.
By a subcutaneous parathion injection, there occured the changes of ChE both in the tissues and blood as follows. 1) At the time of death caused by the administration of 100 mg/kg of parathion, the ChE in serum, erythrocyte and central nervous system were inhibited strongly than that in the others and the inhibition of liver ChE was the slightest. 2) On the case of the administration of 5 mg/kg of parathion, the inhibition of ChE was great in blood, slight in the liver and moderate in the central nervous system. On this case, the inhibition of ChE in the tissue was maximum after 6-12 hours, and the restoration of it was after 11 days, but in the kidney both were slower than the others.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.岡山医学会Acta Medica Okayama0030-15586921957有機燐製剤中毒に関する研究 第三編 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodideによるParathion中毒治療に関する研究525539ENMinoruYamadaFrom the clinical point of view, the effect of PAM are summarized as follows. 1) By the administration of PAM, there occured prompt and complete relief of the symptoms of poisoning. 2) The cholinesterase (ChE) activity of red blood cell was instantly and completely recovered and that of serum was transiently. 3) Generally a intravenous injection of 1g PAM was sufficent and it is to be added if necessary. 4) The side effect has not been experienced. 5) PAM had no influence to the ChE activity of normal blood. 6) PAM is expected to be used as the preventive agent of alkylphosphate poisoning.No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.