The company believes it can use its manufacturing expertise to become as crucial in a field it calls "partner robots" as it is to car making.

Robotics engineers at Toyota currently number only 150 out of a worldwide staff of 300,000, but it is ploughing money into research and development.

Last month Toyota announced a billion-dollar investment in a research company headed by robotics expert Gill Pratt in Silicon Valley to develop artificial intelligence and robotics. It is already working with Stanford University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on robotics.

"We are preparing for a future in which people may not be able to drive cars, or they may need artificial intelligence to support them to drive, and once they get off their cars they may need help from partner robots," said Akifumi Tamaoki, general manager of Toyota's partner robot division.

The Japanese government is banking on robotics as a growth industry in a society that is ageing at a faster pace than any other industrialised nation. Other companies have jumped in, including internet company Softbank, which is selling a humanoid that carries on simple conversations.

Speaking at a Tokyo robot show, Mr Tamaoki said Toyota's robotics interests go back decades, including their use in manufacturing at its car plants. But it now sees the technology as a viable business in its own right.

Some of that impetus comes from the focus of the car and tech industries on using artificial intelligence to develop cars that can drive autonomously. Google is trialling driverless vehicles and Toyota's Japanese rival Nissan is especially confident about the technology with plans to start selling such vehicles by 2020.

Honda was a leader in robots with its Asimo walking and talking child-shaped robot, in development for more than two decades. But critics say that effort got sidetracked by focusing too much on duplicating human movements and behaviour and lost sight of trying to be useful.

Honda officials acknowledge the company went through soul-searching after getting targeted with public criticism when Asimo could do nothing to help people after the March 2011 nuclear disaster in Japan.

Toyota demonstrated a one-armed partner robot on-wheels loaded with sensors and cameras, earlier this year. The R2-D2 lookalike known as HSR, or Human Support Robot, can pick up after people, bring an item to the bedside or open curtains.

The robot, an improved version of a model first shown in 2012, is not yet for commercial sale. Toyota is collaborating with 10 universities in Japan, with plans to extend that to overseas academic organisations next year, to develop practical uses, Mr Tamaoki said.

He believes robots like HSR will gradually become widespread, although that may take another decade.

Among the developments in the works for HSR is another arm, which will allow it to perform more complex tasks, and adding conversational skills. It now comes with a flat panel that works like a videophone or video player, but can't talk.

One research group has proposed using it for taking care of pets, such as jiggling a toy for a lonely cat, according to Toyota.