Background And Aims: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an effective intervention for portal hypertensive complications in cirrhosis. Spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSSs) may increase the risk of post-TIPS complications and mortality. This study was done to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TIPS for treating variceal bleeding between patients with and without SPSSs. Read More

Authors:

Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.

Headache is a neurologic disorder that displays gender dichotomy. It is well established that there is a strong link between migraine headache and sex hormones, specifically estrogen, which influences the severity of migraines during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and menopause. Furthermore, the epidemiology of headaches during pregnancy and the postpartum period is very distinct from that in males or nonpregnant females, in part due to the hemodynamic and hematologic changes that occur during pregnancy. Read More

Pregnancy confers a substantially increased risk of stroke in women. The period of highest risk of stroke is the peripartum/postpartum phase, coinciding with the highest risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and peak gestational hypercoagulability. Hemorrhagic stroke is the most common type of obstetric stroke. Read More

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is described as a clinical-radiological disease entity with good prognosis. In brain MRI, PRES generally presents with vasogenic edema. Although PRES is induced by various causes, a small number of PRES cases have occurred after red cell blood transfusion. Read More

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic condition which comprises various neurological symptoms. This syndrome could be complicated by intracranial hemorrhage including subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, SAH is rarely seen in eclamptic patients with PRES. Read More

Cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) hyperplasia is an important contributor to cerebrovascular remodeling during hypertension. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of Icariin on cerebrovascular SMCs proliferation and remodeling and the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that Icariin administration attenuated the enhanced basilar artery constriction in angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension rat model, as well as the inhibition of basilar artery diameter reduction in response to AngII and phenylephrine. Read More

Authors:

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible clinical and neurological entity. There are varieties of comorbid conditions which are associated with PRES. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a rare predisposing factor for the development of PRES. Read More

Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to benefit hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. We hypothesized that EA attenuates hypertension, in part, through modulation of -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor function in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). In the present study, the long-term effect of EA on GABA receptor function and expression was examined in the NTS of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) renovascular hypertensive rats. Read More

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a disorder of reversible subcortical vasogenic brain edema in the context of different diseases or exposure to cytotoxic drugs such as fludarabine. We present the case of a pediatric patient with β-thalassemia who develops a fludarabine-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy while he received an induction regimen to achieve an allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The clinical presentation consists in altered mental state, headache, status epilepticus, visual disturbance, and hypertension. Read More

Authors:

Aim: To study the efficacy of various methods of non-drug therapy of diseases manifested by vertigo and dizziness in neurological practice.

Material And Methods: Referral and final diagnoses were compared after neurovestibular examination of 599 patients (177 men and 422 women), aged 25 to 79 years (mean age 55 years), with various causes of vertigo. Patients underwent vestibular rehabilitation, trainings on the stabiloplatform with biological feedback (biofeedback), repositioning maneuvers in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Read More

Authors:

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is characterized by acute headache, visual impairment, seizures, and altered mental status; neuroimaging may show cerebral edema affecting the parietal and occipital lobes of the brain. The objective of this article is to review the current understanding of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in eclampsia. Literature was searched from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Read More

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine accuracy and necessity of long-term Doppler ultrasound (DU) surveillance of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) patency after implantation of an ePTFE-covered stent-graft (Viatorr).

Introduction: Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a rare and challenging hereditary neurovisceral disease with no specific symptoms. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiological syndrome with bilateral reversible posterior gyriform lesions that can be associated with many different conditions, including AIP. Usually, peripheral neuropathy is considered the most common neurological manifestation of AIP. Read More

To compare the efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporine A in treating children with primary refractory nephrotic syndrome. Conducted a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial in 62 pediatric patients (including 44 boys and 18 girls), age ranged from 2.1 to 17. Read More

Authors:

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.

Objective: To compare the independent risk of neonatal morbidity between the offspring of obese and nonobese women without hypertension or diabetes.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective single-center cohort study of singleton deliveries at or beyond 37 weeks of gestation from 2010 to 2014. Women with diabetes (pregestational or gestational) and hypertensive disorders were excluded. Read More

Worldwide, raised blood pressure is estimated to affect 35-40% of the adult population and is a main conditioning factor for cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Animal models of hypertension have provided great advances concerning the pathophysiology of human hypertension, as already shown for the deoxycorticosterone-salt treated rat, the Dahl-salt sensitive rat, the Zucker obese rat and the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). SHR has been widely used to study abnormalities of the brain in chronic hypertension. Read More

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinico-radiological syndrome characterized by white matter vasogenic edema affecting the posterior occipital and parietal lobes of the brain predominantly. A 48-year-old female patient presented to ER with complaints of breathlessness and developed sudden painless loss of vision while eliciting history. The patient had a heart rate of 104/min and accelerated hypertension (BP of 220/120 mm of Hg). Read More

Authors:

We report a case of head injury with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), followed by Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). A 74-year-old man was brought to our hospital after a fall. Computed tomography revealed intracranial hemorrhage. Read More

Authors:

Hematology and Oncology, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinical-radiographic syndrome that presents with neurological manifestations, including seizures, headache, or confusion, and is associated with posterior cerebral white matter edema on imaging. PRES is typically a benign and reversible condition. However, PRES can be fatal or associated with permanent deficits. Read More

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) or leukoencephalopathy syndrome was introduced into clinical practice in 1996 by Hinchey ., to describe unique syndrome, clinically expressed during hypertensive and uremic encephalopathy, eclampsia, and immunosuppressive therapy. Hyperperfusion with resultant disruption of the blood-brain barrier results in vasogenic edema, but not infarction, most commonly in the parieto-occipital regions. Read More

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a well-documented pathology of the brain in systemic upsets. Majority of PRES cases present with edema in the cerebrum, most commonly in the territory of posterior circulation. It has been reported to show spinal cord involvement in a rare subgroup known as PRES with spinal cord involvement (PRES-SCI), with very limited existing literature even in adult patients. Read More

Authors:

From the General Surgery Department, Fırat University Medicine School, Elazığ, Turkey.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a rare condition of the central nervous system that may occur in adults as well as in children. Clinically, it presents with mental status changes, visual loss, headaches, seizures, or coma. The diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is based on the typical appearance in occipital and parietal lobes in radiologic imaging studies, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, which exhibit the typical appearance due to vasogenic edema. Read More

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological disorder characterised by parieto-occipital vasogenic oedema seen on MRI. Infection and sepsis has been reported as a possible cause for this disorder.We present a 19-year-old immunocompetent Caucasian man with known type 1 diabetes mellitus who presented to the emergency department with acute onset of bilateral visual loss, headaches and hypertension; he had been discharged 2 weeks ago for severe diabetic ketoacidosis and bacteraemia. Read More

We present a 48-year-old man with a history of hypertension, who suddenly noticed dysarthria and right hemiparesis. Diffusion-weighted MRI at 1 day after the onset showed a small high-intensity region in the left corona radiata, indicating the acute phase of lacunar infarction. Fluid attenuation inversion recovery images showed extensive hyperintense lesions predominantly in the white matter of the fronto-temporoparietal lobes and pons, indicating posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Read More

Authors:

From the Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (C.A.S.), the Departments of Medicine (C.A.S., Z.S.W.), Radiology (A.K.), and Pathology (K.G.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Medicine (C.A.S., Z.S.W.), Radiology (A.K.), and Pathology (K.G.), Harvard Medical School - all in Boston.

Authors:

Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Background/aims: Gastric varices (GVs) are a major cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis. The current treatments of choice are balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) and the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). We aimed to compare the efficacy and outcomes of these two methods for the management of GV bleeding. Read More

Authors:

Skin metastases, as a presenting symptom of gastrointestinal malignancies, are very rare and signify aggressive disease. They usually occur after a long period of diagnosis and along with other visceral metastases. We present the case of an 18-year-old male with diffuse subcutaneous metastases as a presenting feature and as the only site of distant metastases due to rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma. Read More

Authors:

Nocturnal hypertension (NH) is a symptom of cardiovascular dysautonomia in multiple system atrophy (MSA); however, care and medication are often insufficient. We herein report a patient with MSA who showed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) caused by hypertension during sleep. He presented clinically with total blindness; T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed high signal intensities in the bilateral subcortical occipital-temporal lobes. Read More

Authors:

Department of Neurology, Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a disorder which is diagnosed with its characteristic clinical and radiological findings, typically resolves with treatment. The prevalence of PRES in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients is not exactly known. A systemic disorder frequently appears as a presenting symptom in SLE. Read More

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinicoradiologic condition encountered in many different clinical settings; it generally occurs in the context of hypertensive crisis, immunosuppressive therapy, or autoimmune diseases. It is characterized by headache, stupor, seizures, and visual alterations. Magnetic resonance imaging findings include white matter changes preferentially in the parieto-occipital regions. Read More

Introduction: Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES) was first described by Hinchey in 1996. The syndrome is characterized by altered level of consciousness, headache, visual changes, and seizures associated with a vasogenic edema of the white matter that occurs predominantly in the occipital and parietal lobes. Imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) and especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) support the diagnosis. Read More

Authors:

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in children who presented to the emergency department with acute nontraumatic visual disturbance and to study related clinical factors for discovering positive lesions on head MRI.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 1-month to 15-year-old children who underwent head MRI as an evaluation for acute nontraumatic visual disturbance as a chief complaint in our pediatric emergency department between March 2010 and March 2015. The symptoms of visual disturbance were blurred vision, diplopia, loss of vision, and visual hallucination. Read More

Authors:

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) classically occurs in patients presenting with a sudden increase of arterial pressure or eclampsia, but the range of etiologies is very wide. Although the mechanisms underlying PRES remain unclear, research suggests that when the extent of hypertension exceeds the threshold of cerebral blood flow autoregulation, this induces blood-brain barrier disruption that leads to brain edema. Unusual presentations on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are possible, including the involvement of frontal or temporal lobes, cerebellar hemispheres, basal ganglia, brainstem, or deep white matter. Read More

Objective: To study the clinical and imaging profile of patients with new-onset seizures with a presumptive diagnosis of eclampsia.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital, on pregnant women presenting with new onset seizures with presumptive diagnosis of eclampsia excluding those with pre-existing neurological conditions. Demographic details, medical and obstetric examination findings were noted. Read More

Authors:

1 Department of General Medicine, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.

A 21-year-old female had recurrent presentations to the emergency department with myalgia, vomiting, abdominal pain and subsequently developed generalized seizures. She was volume depleted with a plasma sodium of 125 mmol/L (reference interval: 135-145) and she had fluctuating hypertension. Acute porphyria was suspected and confirmed with raised urine porphobilinogen/creatinine ratio of 12:4 μmol/mmoL (reference interval Read More

Background: To systematically review perioperative outcomes and postoperative complications between splenectomy plus s-EGDV and n-sEGDV for portal hypertension complicated with thoracic esophageal varices and bleeding by a meta-analysis.

Method: We searched the databases of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, TCGA, Chinese Biomedicine Database from January 2000 to June 2017, and included studies that compared perioperative outcomes and postoperative complications between s-EGDV and n-sEGDV. These included studies were assessed by two independent investigators. Read More

Authors:

Department of Paediatrics, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible neurological condition presenting with seizures and visual disturbances and diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Little is understood about its pathogenesis, particularly in children, but it is thought to be related to hypertension.

Objectives: To review the presentation, diagnosis and outcome of PRES in paediatric renal patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, between 1 January 2000 and 31 January 2017 and compare these with published case reports to date. Read More

Authors:

Acute neurovascular events, though rare, can complicate pregnancy and postpartum period. It is important to be aware of these clinical conditions for reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. In this review, we present a few important neurovascular emergencies and their imaging manifestations by various imaging modalities-computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA)-which presented at our institution in the peripartum period. Read More

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