Volume – can be heard comfortably at back of room Variety – of volume and tone Vocabulary – never swear Don’t let your voice trail off at the end of a statement / question

attention to mixed messages (up implies question; down implies conviction &amp; strength) There is a good evolutionary reason for this. It is possible that man first communicated by sung tones, rather than words. Still tone is over four times more important in communication than content.

5.
ORGANIZATION <ul><li>Introduction </li></ul><ul><ul><li>DEFINITION OF TOPIC </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>DESCRIPTION OF THAT IN LUCID WAY </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>DESCRIPTION OF THAT TOPIC TO DEPTH </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>RELEVENT EXAMPLES AND MATERIALS FROM TEXTS , JOURNALS , RECENT ARTICLES ABOUT THE TOPIC </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>TRY TO USE MORE FLOW CHARTS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

10.
Define the Situation: Is it to … <ul><li>Inform? </li></ul><ul><li>Teach? </li></ul><ul><li>Solicit input? </li></ul><ul><li>Persuade or sell? </li></ul><ul><li>Stimulate thought? </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>What is the most important message that you want your audience to receive?

11.
The Answers Will … <ul><li>Determine the material you will use </li></ul><ul><li>Guide your approach to the presentation situation </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>Pitch your presentation to the ‘right level’ of the audience.

12.
Define Your Objectives <ul><li>Gives you a goal to hit, a goal to attain as a result of your presentation </li></ul><ul><li>Do not include anything (data, visuals, examples, etc.) in your presentation that doesn’t help you achieve the objectives </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

13.
2) Get the Words in Order <ul><li>Introduction </li></ul><ul><li>Body </li></ul><ul><li>Conclusion </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

14.
… also means— <ul><li>Tell them what you are going to say. </li></ul><ul><li>Say it. </li></ul><ul><li>Tell them what you said. </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

18.
Body (Say it.) <ul><li>Help the audience get the greatest amount of information with the least amount of mental effort. </li></ul><ul><li>Main points (maximum of 7) </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

19.
Conclusion (Tell them what you said.) <ul><li>Summarize main points </li></ul><ul><li>Ask for specific action </li></ul><ul><li>Make last words memorable </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Not ‘any questions?’ (“Question and answer” BEFORE the final statement) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Not just ‘thank you’ (Do this in the introduction) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

24.
Don’t use visuals to … <ul><li>Impress your audience with detail and animation </li></ul><ul><li>Avoid interaction with audience </li></ul><ul><li>Make more than one point per slide </li></ul><ul><li>Present simple ideas that are easily stated verbally </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

29.
Present one key point per slide <ul><li>… because more than one idea in a slide </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Distracts the audience </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Lessens the focus and impact of the message </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

30.
Make visuals big enough to see <ul><li>Up to the last row of seats </li></ul><ul><li>Should be easy to see </li></ul><ul><ul><li>… including the labels on charts and tables </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Highlight areas of a complex diagram or flowchart or organizational chart </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

31.
<ul><li>Large and simple works well! </li></ul><ul><li>Prefer this size </li></ul><ul><li>Not this size </li></ul>

32.
Make Text and Numbers Legible <ul><li>Use a minimum of 24 point size (This is 34 point) </li></ul><ul><li>This is 24 point size </li></ul><ul><li>This is 20 point size </li></ul><ul><li>This is 14 point size </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

33.
Presenting Text <ul><li>Short bullets work better </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Short bullets actually are much more effective from a visual standpoint, while still effectively making your point compared to long paragraphs of text (like this paragraph). </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Don’t ferget to chack your spalling </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

44.
Give the audience time to see the slide. <ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

45.
Enough time … <ul><li>Don’t put too much on a slide! </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

46.
How Many Slides? <ul><li>Give two-minutes for presenting a ‘full’ slide </li></ul><ul><li>Arithmetic: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>10-minute presentation = not more than 5 slides </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>15-minute presentation = not more than 7 slides </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>20-minute presentation = not more than 10 slides </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

47.
Important Don’ts <ul><li>Do not read text on slides word for word </li></ul><ul><li>Do not face the screen and turn your back to the audience when pointing to slides </li></ul><ul><li>Do not rely on slides completely </li></ul><ul><ul><li>What do you do when there is no electrical power or when bulb of projector unexpectedly burns out? </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

48.
Uses of Handouts <ul><li>Reinforce important information </li></ul><ul><li>Summarize action items for the audience to follow-up on </li></ul><ul><li>Supply supporting data </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>Handouts are the place for detailed tables, organizational charts, explanations.

57.
Pace and Speed <ul><li>Speed at which speaker presents different topics or thoughts within a topic </li></ul><ul><li>Speaker adjusts pace according to listeners’ and speakers’ interest </li></ul><ul><li>Effective speakers change their rate of speed to fit their purpose, content, listeners’ & personal style </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

61.
Facial Expressions <ul><li>Eyes are the windows to the soul </li></ul><ul><li>Face is the front of the house </li></ul><ul><ul><li>SMILE! </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Act out what you’re saying. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Frown </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Shake your head </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Raise your eyebrows </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

63.
Posture Don’ts <ul><li>Lean on the podium </li></ul><ul><li>Stand with hands on hips </li></ul><ul><li>Sway back and forth </li></ul><ul><li>Stand with arms folded across chest </li></ul><ul><li>Arms behind back </li></ul><ul><li>Bury hands in pockets </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

66.
Use Your Eyes to … <ul><li>Look at individuals </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Not one but many </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Establish eye contact at the end of a thought </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

67.
Eye Contact– Don’t: <ul><li>Look out the window, at ceiling, at wall, at floor </li></ul><ul><li>Look at one spot </li></ul><ul><li>Forget to look at the back row </li></ul><ul><li>Let notes get in the way of eye contact </li></ul><ul><li>Look over the heads of the audience </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>

73.
When Silence Is Golden <ul><li>Wise men think without talking; fools reverse the process. </li></ul><ul><li>Half of wisdom is being silent when you have nothing to say. </li></ul><ul><li>We were given two ears and one mouth, so we ought to listen twice as much as we speak. </li></ul><ul><ul><li></li></ul></ul>