Top subcategories

... Evolution – gradual changes in a species
over time, that leads to the development of
new species.
Competition – struggle for survival between
members of the same species, as well as
between different species.
Homologous Structures – similar body
structures that related species inherited from
a commo ...

... Natural Selection: A process by which individuals that are better
adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
than other members of the same species are.
Species: A group of organisms that are physically similar, can mate
with each other, and can produce offspring that can ...

... c. No __MUTATIONS__ that cause changes in genes.
d. No movement of genetic information from one population to another - _IMMIGRATION__/emigration.
e. No natural selection (no one is more fit to the environment than another).
5. __ HOMOLOGOUS __ structures, similar structure but different function, c ...

... DISRUPTIVE A type of ‘selection’ in which individuals with average traits are removed, creating two
populations with extreme traits.
GENETICDRIFT A random change in allelic frequencies in a population.
GRADUALISM The theory that evolution occurs in small, gradual steps over time.
PUNCTUATED This “eq ...

... has to fight for surviving, the living beings (gifted with the best
characteristics) will have more possibilities to survive and so to
transmit their descendants the favorable characteristics. From
generation to generation the advantageous characteristcs will
become dominant among populations. This ...

... Darwin developed his theory of natural
selection before knowledge of genetics
Populations evolve, not individuals!
An organism is born with its phenotype, and it never
changes during its lifetime
 Evolution occurs as a population’s genes and their
frequencies change over time
 Gene Pool: all of th ...

... d. No movement of genetic information from one population to another - _______________/emigration.
e. No natural selection (no one is more fit to the environment than another).
5. ___________________ structures, similar structure but different function, came from the same embryonic tissue.
6. ______ ...

... Outline Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection, which states that all species
have evolved from life forms that first developed more than 3 billion years ago
Outline the process of evolution by natural selection: differences between genes causes
variation within a species; some individual ...

... What types of information are used to determine how species are related to one another?
Why are transitional fossils especially useful for understanding evolutionary relationships?
Why are vestigial structures are important to evolutionary biology?
Outcomes (Desired Results)
By the end of the unit, ...

... 7. I can list and describe the types of reproductive isolation that leads to the formation
of new species. Give examples of each.
8. I can explain how the mechanism of genetic drift can lead to random changes in
allelic frequency. Describe possible scenarios of genetic drift.
9. I can list the five ...

... organisms and the unity and diversity of life
Evolution is supported by an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence
Genetic variation makes evolution possible
The Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to test whether a population is
evolving
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow can alter ...

... Vocab for General Bio II: Part 1-Chapter 13 Sections 1-9
Charles Darwin- Made theory of evolution, published On the origins of Species be Means of Natural
Selection. His Birthday was Feb. 12
Adaptations- diverse modifications that fit them to specific ways of life in their environment
Theory- A wide ...

... A body structure that has no function in a present day organism
but was probably useful to an ancestor.
Examples –
1. Appendix in humans
2. Eyes of blind mole-rats & cave fish
3. Wings on flightless birds like ostriches
...

... What is a species?
• Biological species concept: This
concept states that "a species is a group
of actually or potentially interbreeding
individuals who are reproductively isolated
from other such groups."
...

Koinophilia

Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis concerning sexual selection which proposes that animals seeking mate preferentially choose individuals with a minimum of unusual features. Koinophilia intends to explain the clustering of organisms into species and other issues described by Darwin's Dilemma. The term derives from the Greek, koinos, ""the usual"", and philos, ""fondness"".Natural selection causes beneficial inherited features to become more common and eventually replace their disadvantageous counterparts. A sexually-reproducing animal would be expected to avoid individuals with unusual features, and to prefer to mate with individuals displaying a predominance of common or average features. This means that mates displaying mutant features are also avoided. This is advantageous because most mutations that manifest themselves as changes in appearance, functionality or behavior, are disadvantageous. Because it is impossible to judge whether a new mutation is beneficial or not, koinophilic animals avoid them all, at the cost of avoiding the occasional beneficial mutation. Thus, koinophilia, although not infallible in its ability to distinguish fit from unfit mates, is a good strategy when choosing a mate. A koinophilic choice ensures that offspring are likely to inherit features that have been successful in the past.Koinophilia differs from assortative mating, where ""like prefers like"". If like preferred like, leucistic animals (such as white peacocks) would be sexually attracted to one another, and a leucistic subspecies would come into being. Koinophilia predicts that this is unlikely because leucistic animals are attracted to the average in the same way as other animals. Since non-leucistic animals are not attracted by leucism, few leucistic individuals find mates, and leucistic lineages will rarely form.Koinophilia provides simple explanations for the rarity of speciation (in particular Darwin's Dilemma), evolutionary stasis, punctuated equilibria, and the evolution of cooperation. Koinophilia might also contribute to the maintenance of sexual reproduction, preventing its reversion to the much simpler and inherently more advantageous asexual form of reproduction.The koinophilia hypothesis is supported by research into the physical attractiveness of human faces by Judith Langlois and her co-workers. They found that the average of two human faces was more attractive than either of the faces from which that average was derived. The more faces (of the same gender and age) that were used in the averaging process the more attractive and appealing the average face became. This work into averageness supports koinophilia as an explanation of what constitutes a beautiful face, and how the individuality of a face is recognized.