Posses certain personality traits. leaders should select the right people at the outset – choose those people who have the right skills in addition to the high achievement orientation, the right values or intrinsic work motivation.

Goal setting

Set goals to change behaviour

Operant Approach

Change rewards or punishments to change behaviour

Contingent rewards and Noncontingent rewards (page 351)

Empowerment

Give people autonomy and latitude to increase their motivation for work

Factors other than good motivational techniques on the part of the leader can have an impact on employee performance, for example: