Young seabed at the active spreading center of an ocean, often unmasked by sediment, bulging above the abyssal plain. The boundary between deverging plates. Often called a mid-ocean ridge, though less than 60% of the length exists at mid-ocean.

B.

Turbidity Current

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3.

A flat-topped, submerged inactive volcano.

C.

Oceanic Ridge

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4.

A sudden motion of Earth's crust resulting from waves in Earth caused by faulting of the rocks or by volcanic activity.

D.

Ice Age

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5.

Permanent cover of ice; formally limited to ice atop land, but informally applied also to floating ice in the Arctic ocean.

E.

Continental Shelf

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6.

A spring of hot, mineral and gas rich seawater found on some oceanic ridges in zones of active seafloor spreading.

F.

Ocean Basin

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7.

The submerged outer edge of a continent, made of granitic crust; includes the continental shelf and continental slope. Compare ocean basin.

G.

Passive Margin

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8.

An underwater "avalanche" of abrasive sediments thought responsible for the deep sculpturing of submarine canyons and a means of transport for sediments accumulating on abyssal plains.

H.

Hydrothermal Vent

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9.

Curving chain of volcanic islands and seamounts almost always found paralleling the concave edge of a trench.

I.

Seamount

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10.

The gradually sloping submerged extension of a continent, composed of granitic rock overlain by sediments; has features similar to the edge of the nearby continent.

J.

Continental Slope

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11.

The continental margin near an area of lithospheric plate convergence; also called Pacific-type margin.

K.

Deep Scattering Layer (DSL)

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12.

The continental margin near an area of lithospheric plate divergence; also called Atlantic-type margin.

L.

Transform Fault

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13.

A relatively dense aggregation of fishes, squid, and other mesopelagic organisms capable of reflecting a sonar pulse that resembles a flat bottom in the ocean. Its position varies with the time of day.

M.

Abyssal Hill

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14.

The sloping transition between the granite of the continent and the basalt of the seabed; the true edge of the continent.

N.

Island Arc

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15.

A large mass of ice floating in the ocean that was formed on or adjacent to land. Tabular icebergs are tablelike or flat; pinnacled icebergs are castellated, or jagged. Southern icebergs are often tabular; northern icebergs are often pinnacled.

O.

Continental Margin

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16.

Accumulation, usually of sediments.

P.

Iceberg

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17.

A plane along which rock masses slide horizontally past one another.

Q.

Active Margin

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18.

A circular or elliptical projection from the seafloor, more than 1 kilometer (0.8 mile) in height, with a relatively steep slope of 20* to 25*.

R.

Ice Cap

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19.

One of several periods (lasting several thousand years each) of low temperature during the last million years. Glaciers and polar ice were derived from ocean water, lowering sea level at least 100 meters (328 feet).