PińczówPińczówPińczów pronounced [ˈpʲiɲt͡ʂuf] is a town in Poland, in
Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, about 40 km south of Kielce. It is
the capital of
PińczówPińczów County. Population is 12,304 (2005).
PińczówPińczów belongs to the historic Polish province of Lesser Poland,
and lies in the valley of the Nida river. The town has a station on a
narrow-gauge line, called Holy Cross Mountains RailContents1 History
2 Main sights
3 Sports
4 Twin towns
5 See also
6 References
7 External linksHistory[edit]
In the 12th century in the location of current
PińczówPińczów there was a
quarry. The miners working at the quarry probably resided in a gord,
which was destroyed in 1241, during the Mongol invasion of Poland. In
the first half of the 14th century a Gothic castle was erected in the
spot where once the gord stood
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Partitions Of Poland
The Partitions of Poland[nb 1] were three partitions of the
Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place towards the end of
the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in
the elimination of sovereign
PolandPoland and
LithuaniaLithuania for 123 years. The
partitions were conducted by Habsburg Austria, the Kingdom of Prussia,
and the Russian Empire, which divided up the Commonwealth lands among
themselves progressively in the process of territorial seizures and
annexations.[1][2][3][4]
The First Partition of
PolandPoland was decided on August 5, 1772. Two
decades later, Russian and Prussian troops entered the Commonwealth
again and the Second Partition was signed on January 23, 1793. Austria
did not participate in the Second Partition
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Charles XII Of Sweden
Charles XII, also Carl (Swedish: Karl XII; 17 June 1682 – 30
November 1718 O.S.[1]), Latinized to Carolus Rex, was the King of
SwedenSweden from 1697 to 1718. He belonged to the House of
Palatinate-Zweibrücken, a branch line of the House of Wittelsbach.
Charles was the only surviving son of Charles XI and Ulrika Eleonora
the Elder. He assumed power, after a seven-month caretaker government,
at the age of fifteen.[2]
In 1700, a triple alliance of Denmark–Norway,
Saxony–Poland–
LithuaniaLithuania and Russia launched a threefold attack on
the Swedish protectorate of Swedish
Holstein-GottorpHolstein-Gottorp and provinces of
LivoniaLivonia and Ingria, aiming to draw advantage as
SwedenSweden was unaligned
and ruled by a young and inexperienced king, thus initiating the Great
Northern War
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Battle Of Kliszów
12,000:[a]
8,000 foot,
4,000 horse,
4 three-pounder guns24,000:[b]
7,500 Saxon foot,
9,000 Saxon horse,
46 artillery pieces
660 Polish foot,
6,640 Polish horse,
4 or 5 cannonCasualties and losses1,100:[c]
300 killed,
800 wounded4,400:[d]
1,800 killed,
900 wounded,
1,700 capturedNotes^[a] The Swedish army in the battle had an official paperstrength of
16,230 men[1] with 4 four–pounder guns, but in reality only between
10,000[2] and 12,000 men (two thirds being infantry) was fit for
combat due to famine, disease and exhaustion.[1]
^[b] The Saxon army in the battle had an official paperstrength of
22,230 men[1] with 46 artillery pieces, but in reality only between
15,000[2] and 18,000 men (more than half being cavalry) was fit for
combat due to famine, disease and exhaustion
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Habsburg Empire
The Habsburg
MonarchyMonarchy (German: Habsburgermonarchie) or Empire is an
unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and
provinces that were ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House
of Habsburg between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of
Habsburg-LorraineHabsburg-Lorraine until 1918. The
MonarchyMonarchy was a composite state
composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire,
united only in the person of the monarch. The dynastic capital was
Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611,[2] when it was moved to Prague
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Voivodeships Of Poland
A województwo ([vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ]; plural: województwa) is the
highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, corresponding to a
"province" in many other countries. The term "województwo" has been
in use since the 14th century, and is commonly translated in English
as "province".[1] Województwo is also rendered in English by
"voivodeship" (/ˈvɔɪvoʊdʃɪp/) or a variant spelling.[2]
The
Polish local government reformsPolish local government reforms adopted in 1998, which went into
effect on 1 January 1999, created sixteen new voivodeships. These
replaced the 49 former voivodeships that had existed from 1 July 1975,
and bear greater resemblance (in territory but not in name) to the
voivodeships that existed between 1950 and 1975.
Today's voivodeships are mostly named after historical and
geographical regions, while those prior to 1998 generally took their
names from the cities on which they were centered
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Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, commonly known as interwar Poland, refers
to the country of
PolandPoland between the First and Second World Wars
(1918–1939). Officially known as the
RepublicRepublic of
PolandPoland (Polish:
RzeczpospolitaRzeczpospolita Polska), the Polish state was recreated in 1918, in the
aftermath of World War I. When, after several regional conflicts, the
borders of the state were fixed in 1922, Poland's neighbours were
Czechoslovakia, Germany, the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania, Latvia,
Romania and the Soviet Union. It had access to the
Baltic SeaBaltic Sea via a
short strip of coastline either side of the city of Gdynia. Between
March and August 1939,
PolandPoland also shared a border with the
then-Hungarian governorate of Subcarpathia
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