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The final revisions to the Kinetoscope are made, including a vertical transport and wider film. This becomes the de facto technical specification for all silent film by 1909.

Max Skladanowsky develops a camera and shoots his first footage this year, but its unusual interleaved image format leaves him ultimately unable to exhibit it until work is completed on the Bioskop projector in late 1895.

1.
1887 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1887 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. Hannibal Goodwin files for a patent for his photographic film, Louis Le Princes 16-lens camera is made in the United States and the film Man Walking Around a Corner is filmed using it this year. Man Walking Around a Corner, directed by Louis Le Prince, filmed in Paris before 18 August 1887. People could view realistic photographs with nature, history, and science themes, at first, the shows used random images, but over time, the projectionists began to place the slides in logical order, creating a narrative. The next step back to pre-date the Langenheim brothers work is the process created by Louis Daguerre in 1839 called daguerreotype. Followed 2 years later by a photographic process created by William Henry Fox Talbot in 1841 called calotype. The next step back to pre-date Daguerres work is a theory of moving images presented by Peter Mark Roget in 1824 called Persistence of Vision. This theory helped advance experiments to prove that a frame rate of less than 16 frames per second caused the mind to see flashing images. Audiences still interpret motion at rates as low as ten frames per second or slower, a modern theatrical film runs at 24 frames a second. This is the case for both film and digital cinema systems. Archived from the original on 2013-07-13

2.
1896 in film
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The following is an overview of the events of 1896 in film, including a list of films released and notable births. January - In the United States, the Vitascope film projector is designed by Charles Francis Jenkins, Armat begins working with Thomas Edison to manufacture it. January 14 - Birt Acres demonstrates his film projector, the Kineopticon and this is the first film show to an audience in the U. K. February 20 - In London, Robert W. Paul demonstrates his film projector, the Theatrograph, at the Alhambra Theatre. The Lumière Brothers first project their films in Britain, at the Empire Theatre of Varieties, april - Edison and Armats Vitascope is used to project motion pictures in public screenings in New York City. May 14 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is crowned in Moscow, in France, magician and filmmaker Georges Méliès begins experimenting with the new motion picture technology, developing early special effect techniques, including stop motion. The Pathé Frères film company is founded, William Selig founds the Selig Polyscope Company in Chicago. Demeny-Gaumont work on a 60 mm format, first known as Biographe, casimir Sivan and E. Dalphin create a 38 mm format. H. Laddé The Haunted Castle, directed by Georges Méliès The Kiss, directed by William Heise, starring May Irwin, may be considered the first romantic film. H. Laddé Up the River, directed by Unknown The Vanishing Lady, directed by Georges Méliès Zwemplaats voor Jongelingen te Amsterdam, mantell 1896 in film playlist on YouTube

3.
1892 in art
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However, his paintings evoke bitter controversy and after one week the exhibition is closed, Munchs paintings are moved to the Equitable Palast. James McNeill Whistler stages his major retrospective exhibition, Nocturnes, Marines and Chevalet pieces at Goupil & Cies London gallery, fatata te Miti Spirit of the Dead Watching When Will You Marry. 14 May – Marjorie Watson-Williams, English painter,30 May – Fernando Amorsolo, Filipino painter. 31 May – Michel Kikoine, painter,15 July – Walter Benjamin, German philosopher, comparatists and art critic. July 19 – Suzanne Malherbe, French illustrator and designer, July 24 – Marcel Gromaire, French painter. 7 August – Einar Forseth, Swedish artist,16 August – Otto Messmer, American animator. 11 October – Anton Räderscheidt, German painter,16 October – Adolf Ziegler, German painter and politician. 23 November – Romain de Tirtoff, Russian-born French artist and designer,7 December – Stuart Davis, painter

4.
1892 in architecture
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The year 1892 in architecture involved some significant events. July 8 - Great Fire of 1892 destroys many buildings in St. Johns, october 21 - The World Columbian Exposition is dedicated in Chicago. Many of the worlds best and brightest architects design what will be known as the White City, françois Hennebique patents his system of reinforced concrete. Heinävesi Church, the largest wooden church in Finland, designed by Josef Stenbäck, cathedral of St Michael and St George, Aldershot, England, designed by military engineers. West front of All Saints, Ennismore Gardens, south London, masonic Temple, designed by Burnham and Root. Regional parliament of Alsace-Lorraine, Strasbourg, designed by August Hartel, buenos Aires City Hall, designed by Juan Cagnoni. Palace of Justice Building, Rosario, Argentina, designed by Herbert Boyd Walker, courthouse and Jail, Esbjerg, Denmark, designed by Hans Christian Amberg. Government House, Bermuda, designed by William Cardy Hallet, soldiers and Sailors Arch, Brooklyn, New York, designed by John H. Duncan. Toronto Board of Trade Building, designed by James & James, natural History Building, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, designed by Nathan Clifford Ricker. Theater Unter den Linden, Berlin, designed by Fellner & Helmer, provincial Theatre, Ljubljana, Slovenia, designed by Jan Vladimír Hráský and Anton Hruby. Teatro de Cristóbal Colón, Bogotá, Colombia, designed by Pietro Cantini, madrid Atocha railway station, Spain, designed by Alberto Palacio with Gustave Eiffel. Mills Building, designed by D. H. Burnham & Company, general Post Office, Leeds, England, designed by Henry Tanner. Youths Companion Building, Boston, Massachusetts, designed by Henry W. Hartwell, page Belting Company Mills, Concord, New Hampshire. Templetons Carpet Factory, Glasgow, Scotland, designed by William Leiper, royal Gold Medal - César Daly. Grand Prix de Rome, architecture, Guillaume Tronchet, april 8 - Richard Neutra, Austrian American modernist architect June 19 - Ejnar Mindedal Rasmussen, Danish Neoclassical architect January 27 - Philip Charles Hardwick, English architect

5.
1892 in music
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April 28 - Jean Sibeliuss symphonic suite Kullervo is premiered. May 26 - A statue of Felix Mendelssohn, by Werner Stein, is dedicated at St. Thomas Church, removed by the Nazis in the 1930s, it was re-dedicated in 2008. September 24 - Opening of the Theater Unter den Linden, Berlin with Adolf Ferrons operetta Daphne and Gaul, september 26 - Antonín Dvořák arrives in the United States to take up his post as artistic director of the National Conservatory of Music. December 18 Anton Bruckners Symphony No.8 in C minor is premiered by the Vienna Philharmonic with Hans Richter conducting at the Stadttheater, - Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovskys ballet The Nutcracker and opera Iolanta are premiered in a double bill at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia. After the Ball becomes the first sheet music to sell over 1 million copies, erik Satie composes his first pieces in his own compositional system. Sergei Diaghilev graduates from the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, ferdinand Praegers controversial biography Wagner As I Knew Him is published posthumously in London. Charles K. Harris The Bowery w. Charles H. Hoyt m, percy Gaunt Daddy Wouldnt Buy Me a Bow Wow w. m. C. W. Murphy & William Letters Future Mrs. Awkins by Albert Chevalier The Holy City w. Frederick Edward Weatherly m. Stephen Adams La Sultana Turkish March m, Virginia Field Molly And I And The Baby w. m. Harry Kennedy My Old Dutch w. Albert Chevalier m. Charles Ingle My Sweethearts The Man In The Moon w. m, james Thornton The Sweetest Story Ever Told w. m. R. M. Stults The Virginia Skedaddle w. m. Monroe H. Rosenfeld Daddy Wouldnt Buy Me a Bow-wow - Dan W. Quinn The Bowery - Dan W.1 in F-sharp minor, Op.1 Max Reger Cello Sonata No. 1, Op.5 Twelve Waltz-Caprices, Op.9, four-hand piano 20 German Dances, Op.10, four-hand piano Alexander Scriabin - Piano Sonata No

6.
Reel
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A reel is an object around which lengths of another material are wound for storage. Generally a reel has a core and walls on the sides to retain the material wound around the core. In some cases the core is hollow, although other items may be mounted on it, the size of the core is dependent on several factors. A smaller core will obviously allow more material to be stored in a given space, however, there is a limit to how tightly the stored material can be wound without damaging it and this limits how small the core can be. Other issues affecting the core include, Mechanical strength of the core Acceptable turning speed any functional requirements of the core e. g. For a reel that must be mechanically turned the size of the grips that mount it on the mechanical turning device, the size of the mountings needed to support the core during unwinding. Anything mounted on the cores With material such as photographic film that is flat and long but is relatively wide, in cases where the material is more uniform in cross-section, the material may be safely wound around a reel that is wider than its width. In this case, several windings are needed to create a layer on the reel, most films have visible cues which mark the end of the reel. This allows projectionists running reel-to-reel to change over to the reel on the other projector. A so-called two-reeler would have run about 20–24 minutes since the short film shipped to a movie theater for exhibition may have had slightly less than 1,000 ft on it. Most modern projectionists use the term reel when referring to a 2, 000-foot two-reeler, as modern films are rarely shipped by single 1, a standard Hollywood movie averages about five 2000-foot reels in length. Had it not been standardized there would have many difficulties in the manufacture of the related equipment. A16 mm reel is 400 feet and it runs, at sound speed, approximately the same amount of time as a 1, 000-foot 35 mm reel. A split reel is a motion picture film reel in two halves that, when assembled, hold a specific length of motion picture film that has been wound on a plastic core. Using a split reel allows film to be shipped or handled in a lighter and smaller form than film would on a fixed reel, in silent film terminology, two films on one reel. Actors may submit a demo reel of their work to prospective employers, often in physical reel format

7.
1910s in film
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The decade of the 1910s in film involved some significant films. The 1910s saw the origins of Hollywood as the centre of the American film industry relocated from New York to California, by 1912, major motion-picture companies had set up production near or in Los Angeles. In the early 1900s, most motion picture patents were held by Thomas Edisons Motion Picture Patents Company in New Jersey, to escape this, filmmakers began moving out west, where Edisons patents could not be enforced. Also, the weather was ideal and there was access to various settings. Los Angeles became the capital of the film industry, during the First World War the film industries of Europe were devastated, and Hollywood replaced the French and Italian firms as the most popular film makers in the world. Film, History of film, Lists of films

8.
1916 in film
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The year 1916 in film involved some significant events. August 10 - The official British documentary propaganda film The Battle of the Somme is premièred in London, in the first six weeks of general release 20 million people view it. September 5 - Release of D. W. Griffiths epic film Intolerance, Loves Struggle Through the Ages, starring Lillian Gish and Constance Talmadge and it is estimated to have cost around $2.5 million to make but is initially a commercial failure. October 17 - Release of A Daughter of the Gods, the first US production with a million dollar budget, november 19 - Samuel Goldfish and Edgar Selwyn establish Goldwyn Pictures, later to become one of the most successful independent filmmakers. The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is founded in the United States as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers,11 mm, an amateur film gauge, appears on the market

9.
1917 in film
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1917 in film was a particularly fruitful year for the art form, and is often cited as one of the years in the decade which contributed to the medium the most, along with 1913. Secondarily the year saw a limited global embrace of narrative film-making, primarily, the year is an American landmark, as 1917 is the first year where the narrative and visual style is typified as Classical Hollywood. February - Buster Keaton first meets Roscoe Fatty Arbuckle in New York and is hired as a co-star and gag man. April 23 - Release in the United States of the short The Butcher Boy, the first of Roscoe Fatty Arbuckles series of films with the Comique Film Corporation, april 25 - Thomas Lincoln Tally, in a meeting in New York, co-founds the First National Exhibitors Circuit. September 13 - Release in the United States of The Gulf Between, the first film made in Technicolor System 1, a two-color process. November 9 - Worlds first feature-length animated film is made in Argentina by Quirino Cristiani December 18 - Foundation of Universum Film AG, as a film company. Movette, another revision of the 17.5 mm film format, is made available, april 23 - The Butcher Boy, starring Fatty Arbuckle with Buster Keaton May 14 - A Romance of the Redwoods, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, starring Mary Pickford May 19 - One Law for Both directed by Ivan Abramson May 20 - Souls Triumphant, starring Lillian Gish May 21 - A Reckless Romeo, august 27 - The Little American, starring Mary Pickford, directed by Cecil B. September 22 - Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, starring Mary Pickford September 30 - Camille, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. October 29 - Coney Island, a Fatty Arbuckle / Buster Keaton short. S