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Since 2006, the Riggio Honors Program has been a vital part of the School of Writing at The New School, benefitting over 2000 students, and funding over 150. Reviving The New School's American Vanguard publishing imprint, we've undertaken—students and faculty—this Digital Documentary of the dissertationRiggio program. We've gathered creative work from faculty and students, highlighted programming, explored the article newspaperhistory of The 12th Street Journal, and offered reflections on the Riggio experience.
You could call them “covers,” these invocations of for phdpoems and essay on guernica, novels that Dylan slips into his songs on recent recordings, and the collections are effortlessly retitled: Bob Dylan Sings the Exile Poems of Publius Ovividius Naso , Henry Timrod Revisited, Ovid on Ovid, Live from the Black Sea, and From Twain to Fitzgerald: Nobody Sings Studies in Classic American Literature Better Than Dylan .
You might also say they are performed “under cover,” as all this escalating literary traffic tends to fall among Dylan’s many covert operations. Poems and novels infiltrate his songs mostly through the camouflage of more flagrant smuggling. For Phd. In “Rollin’ and Tumblin’,” or “Nettie Moore,” or “Summer Days” it’s Muddy Waters, “Gentle Nettie Moore,” and Charlie Patton you register first, and by peter widdowson, then only later, if at all, Ovid, Timrod, and The Great Gatsby . Dylan’s literary stealth tilts toward the citation dissertationsecond story: a bygone Timrod rather than a celebrated Poe, Whitman, or Dickinson; Ovid’s obscurer Tristia over his Metamorphoses . So that when during “Thunder on the Mountain,” the on constructionlead-in track to Modern Times, Dylan sings, “I’ve been sitting down studying The Art of Love / I think it will fit me like a glove,” that glove is calculated to point at Ovid while also covering up the significant fingerprints here. Citation For Phd Dissertation. Of the perhaps 20 nods to the Roman poet across the songs that follow none (as far as I can tell) will touch The Art of Love , the Ovidian sleight-of-hand inside Modern Times emanating instead from Tristia, Black Sea Letters, The Amores, and write, his “Cures for Love.”
Poems, novels, films, and songs, whatever else they do, direct a conversation with the great dead, and Dylan’s ghostwriting on his last three CDs, Time Out of citation dissertationMind, “Love and Theft , ” and Modern Times is the most far-reaching of his career. Late in the 16 th century, historian Jonathan Spence recounts, the Jesuit missionary Matteo Ricci “taught the Chinese how to build a memory palace.

He told them that the size of the palace would depend on how much they wanted to remember . . . One could create modest palaces, or one could build less dramatic structures such as a temple compound, a cluster of government offices, a public hostel, or a merchants’ meeting lodge. If one wished to begin on a still smaller scale, then one could erect a simple reception hall, a pavilion, or a studio . . Essay. . In summarizing this memory system, he explained that these palaces, pavilions, divans were mental structures to be kept in one’s head, not solid objects to citation for phd, be literally constructed out of ‘real’ materials . Essay. . . Citation. To everything we wish to remember, wrote Ricci, we should give an image; and to every one of these images we should assign a position where it can repose peacefully until we are ready to reclaim it by an act of writememory.” [1]
On Modern Times, “Love and Theft,” and citation for phd dissertation, Time Out of Mind, Dylan is teaching us how to essays, build a memory palace, “mental structures”—in this instance, songs—that will lodge past and present, the living and citation dissertation, the dead. Article Feature Magazine Newspaper Story Write Writing. In Chronicles Volume I , his prose investigation of dissertationartistic self-invention and re-invention, he concluded his account of going inside the letterNew York Public Library to read contemporary newspaper reportage on the Civil War with a spatial image for his memory that shrinks Ricci’s elate palace to a roadside storage unit. “I crammed my head full of as much of this stuff as I could stand and locked it away in my mind out of sight, left it alone,” Dylan writes. “Figured I could send a truck back for it later.” [2]
Echoing Aquinas, Augustine, and Ignatius of Loyola, Ricci stressed that the memory palace must not be envisioned as a passive repository, but by “incorporate[ing] these ‘memories’ of an citation for phd dissertationunlived past into the spiritual present”[3] his mnemonic system was an instrument for spiritual practice with ancient links to alchemy, magic, and writing. “As for article feature story write writingthose worthy figures who lived a hundred generations ago,” Ricci argued, “although they too are gone, yet thanks to the books they left behind we who come after can hear their modes of citationdiscourse, observe their grand demeanor, and understand both the good order and how to an ib english essay conclusion, the chaos of their times, exactly as if we were living among them.”[4] Or, as Dylan sings in “Rollin’ and Tumblin’”:
Well, the for phdnight’s filled with shadows, the years are filled with early doom.
The night is filled with shadows, the years are filled with early doom.
I’ve been conjuring up all these long dead souls from their crumblin’ tombs.

Making the dead available to the living, the memory palace proposes a mechanism for rendering all time—past, present, future—modern times. It Service Cover Letter. Since in this little verse of “Rollin’ and Tumblin’” the opening repeated phrases derive from “Our Willie,” an citation dissertation1865 poem by Timrod, and the final line comes from Ovid’s poem of dissertationsc. 16 BCE The Amores , and citation for phd dissertation, both are cut inside a blues out of Hambone Willie Newbern and Muddy Waters, Dylan manages at once here to describe and manager letter, embody that mechanism.
As a culture we appear to dissertation, have forgotten how to experience works of art, or at least how to talk about them plausibly or smartly. A latest instance was the “controversy” in the fall of 2006 shadowing Dylan’s recurrent adaptation of phrases from dissertations on constructionpoems by Henry Timrod, a nearly vanished 19 th century American poet, essayist, and Civil War newspaper correspondent, for Modern Times . That our most gifted and ambitious songwriter would revive Timrod on a No. 1 best-selling CD across America, Europe, and Australia might prompt a lively concatenation of responses ranging from “Huh? Henry Timrod? Isn’t that interesting . . For Phd Dissertation. .” to “Why?” But narrowing the Dylan/Timrod phenomenon (see the New York Times article “Who’s This Guy Dylan Who’s Borrowing Lines From Henry Timrod?” and a subsequent op ed piece “The Ballad of Henry Timrod” by singer-songwriter Suzanne Vega) into on constructionpossible plagiarism is to citation dissertation, confuse, well, art with a term paper. [5]
Timrod was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1828, his arrival in this world falling two years after Stephen Foster and two years before Emily Dickinson. His work, too, might be styled as falling between theirs: sometimes dark and skeptical, other times mawkish, old-fashioned. These are passages from five Timrod poems Dylan recast for “When the Deal Goes Down”:

There is a wisdom that grows up in strife,
And one—I like it best—that that sits at home.
And learns its lessons of a thoughtful ease.
From a sonnet, “I thank you, kind and best beloved friend”:
If I, indeed, divine their meaning truly,
And not unto myself ascribe, unduly,
Things which you neither meant nor wished to say,
Oh! Tell me, is the hope then all misplaced?
From “Two Portraits”:
Still stealing on with pace so slow.

Yourself will scarcely feel the an ib english conclusionglow . For Phd. . Essays By Peter. .
From “A Rhapsody of citationa Southern Winter Night”:
These happy stars, and dissertations, yonder setting moon,
Have seen me speed, unreckoned and untasked,
A round of for phd dissertationprecious hours.
Oh! here, where in that summer noon I basked,
And strove, with logic frailer than the flowers,
To justify a life of sensuous rest,

A question dear as home or heaven was asked,
And without language answered. I was blest!
From “A Vision of Poesy”:
A strange far look would come into his eyes,
As if he saw a vision in the skies. On Guernica. [6]
Dylan, I’m guessing, is fascinated by both aspects of Timrod, the antique alongside the brooding. Dissertation. Often tagged the “laureate of the Confederacy”—a title apparently conferred upon him by none other than Tennyson—he still shows up in anthologies because of poems he wrote celebrating and then mourning the new Southern nation, particularly “Ethnogenesis” and “Ode Sung on the Occasion of Decorating the Graves of the Confederate Dead at Magnolia Cemetery.” Early on, Whittier and manager cover, Longfellow admired Timrod, and his “Ode” stands behind Allen Tate’s “Ode to the Confederate Dead” (and thus in turn behind Robert Lowell’s “For the Union Dead”).
On Modern Times Dylan shuns anthology favorites, but his album focuses at least 13 instances of phrases spread across five songs—“Spirit on the Water,” “Workingman’s Blues #2,” “Beyond the Horizon,” “Rollin’ and Tumblin’,” and citation, “When the Deal Goes Down”—culled from as many as eight Timrod poems, mostly poems about love, friendship, loss, death, and poetry. (Note: “Katie” and “To Thee,” besides the six Timrod poems already noted.) Dylan quoted Timrod’s “Charleston” in “’Cross the Green Mountain,” a song he contributed to the soundtrack of the it service manager letter2003 Civil War film Gods and Generals . Citation For Phd Dissertation. Two years earlier he glanced at “Vision of on constructionPoesy” for “Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum” on “ Love and citation dissertation, Theft.”
For “Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum,” Dylan cribbed those “stately trees” and on guernica, “secrets of the breeze” from Timrod’s “A Vision of dissertationPoesy,” as well as the dissertations on constructionepigrammatic, “A childish dream is a deathless need,” and the ensuing rhyme of “need” and “creed.” On Modern Times Timrod accents texture, tone, and atmosphere.

For “Spirit on citation for phd dissertation, the Water,” Dylan found “explain / The sources of this hidden pain” in “Two Portraits.” For “Workingman’s Blues #2” he located “to feed my soul with thought” in “To Thee,” and that rhyming “lover’s breath” and essay, “a temporary death” also in “Two Portraits.” “Beyond the citation for phdHorizon” teases out at least four Timrod poems—“In the long hours of twilight” arriving via “A Vision of Poesy”; “mortal bliss” from “Our Willie”; “an angel’s kiss” from “A Rhapsody of a Southern Winter Night”; and essay on guernica, those chiming “bells of St. Mary” from citation for phd dissertation“Katie.” Dylan often absorbs Timrod by reversing or otherwise varying the original sense—“But not to feed my soul with thought,” Timrod wrote; and sleeping “virtues” rather than sleep itself intersected “a temporary death.”[7] “I always try to turn a song on its head,” Dylan told Robert Hilburn in a 2004 interview about songwriting. Essays By Peter Widdowson. “Otherwise, I figure I’m wasting the listener’s time.” [8]
The pining strains of Timrod’s inflections notably complement the ‘20s, ‘30s, and ‘40s popular singers Dylan steadily evokes on citation for phd dissertation, Modern Times , such as Bing Crosby, who presumably too is it service coveracknowledged here, also via that reference to The Bells of St. Mary’s . Perhaps more surprisingly, Timrod does not (as far as I can tell) grace “Nettie Moore,” Dylan’s revisiting of citation for phd“Gentle Nettie Moore” (aka “The Little White Cottage”), a minstrelsy song about a young girl sold into slavery published by Marshall S. Pike and role, James S. Pierpont in 1857.
But Henry Timrod, I want to suggest, might only inscribe another deep-cover Dylan covert operation, a deflective gesture intended to divert our scrutiny from the actual priority of Ovid on Modern Times . Citation Dissertation. During his sophomore year at Hibbing High School Robert Zimmerman joined the on constructionLatin Club, and citation for phd, once recognized, Ovid is everywhere, Tristia , Black Sea Letters , “Cures for roleLove,” and The Amores , all in translations by for phd dissertation, Peter Green: the early love poems, certainly, but especially the poems Ovid wrote after he was exiled by Augustus to Tomis, on the shores of the Black Sea, perhaps because of how to essay conclusionhis scandalous verses, perhaps because of still-enigmatic offenses against citation for phd dissertationthe Empire.[9] From “Spirit on the Water,” “Rollin’ and role, Tumblin’,” and for phd dissertation, “Someday Baby” through “Workingman’s Blues #2,” “Nettie Moore,” “The Levee’s Gonna Break,” and “Ain’t Talkin’,” at least seven of the ten songs refocus language, often entire lines from Green’s Ovid, and the Ovidian netting emerges as more ubiquitous than any of the Dylan websites have so far indicated.[10] Amid variations for his own metrical designs, Dylan pirates locutions no songwriter would need to steal from a Latin poet, since they sound like they already spring from old blues, country, and rockabilly lyrics—“a face that begs for love,” “am I wrong in thinking / That you have forgotten me,” “I swear I ain’t gonna touch another one for dissertationsyears,” “dearer to me than myself, as you yourself can see,” “you got me so hooked,” and citation dissertation, “I want to be with you any way I can.” [11]
During the essaysanatomy of dissertationhis reading in it service manager letterChronicles , Dylan recalls that on the shelves of Ray Gooch’s New York library, “Ovid’s Metamorphoses , the scary horror tale, was next to the autobiography of Davy Crockett.”[12] Here, classical mythology jostles American legend. Citation. Publius Ovidius Naso was born into by peter widdowsona landed-gentry family at Sulmo (now Sulmona) in central Italy in for phd43 B.C. As Green observes for his introduction to The Poems of Exile , this was “the year after Caesar’s assassination” and Ovid “grew up during the violent death throes of the Roman Republic.”[13] Ovid published a version of essayThe Amores as early as 15 B.C., soon followed by Heroides, The Art of Love , Remedia Amoris , Metamorphoses , and Fasti . For Phd. Augustus exiled him to Tomis (now Constanta) in A.D.

8. “It was two offenses undid me,” Ovid alleged in Tristia , “a poem and an error: / on it service cover letter, the second, my lips are sealed.”[14] One genealogical angle on the Dylan/Ovid connection is that in Chronicles he traces his own family back to the cities and towns along the for phd dissertationBlack Sea. Feature Magazine Newspaper. “My grandmother’s voice possessed a haunting accent,” he reports, “face always set in a half?despairing expression. Citation For Phd. . . . It Service Letter. Originally, she’d come from Turkey, sailed from Trabzon, a port town across the Black Sea.” He links Odessa—the city his grandmother traveled from to America—to Duluth: “the same kind of temperament, climate and landscape and right on the edge of for phd dissertationa big body of water.”[15]
I’m guessing that Green’s translations appeal to Dylan because Green himself is so mercurial a verbal trickster, and there are moments when Ovid even appears to be channeling early Dylan. “You better think twice,” Green has Ovid advising on the same page of The Amores where Dylan would have discovered, “Catch your opponents sleeping / And unarmed. Just slaughter them where they lie.” [16]
Ovid is how to an ib conclusiontalking about lovers and bedroom maneuvers here, and much as Timrod, he insinuates ambiance, timber, and character across Modern Times . For Phd Dissertation. Along with those “crumbling tombs” for “Rollin’ and it service manager letter, Tumblin’” (or as Green blues-ily translates Ovid: “She conjures up long-dead souls from their crumbling sepulchres / And has incantations to split the citation for phd dissertationsolid earth.”), Dylan plucked that “house-boy” and “well-trained maid” from The Amores , albeit in a neat inversion. Article Feature Magazine Newspaper Research Story. Whereas now it’s the singer who’s “nobody’s houseboy,” and “nobody’s well-trained maid,” Ovid originally advised a Roman gentleman intent on seduction, “You must get yourself a houseboy / And a well-trained maid, who can hint / What gifts will be welcome.” An ostensibly Katrina-esque detail from “The Levee’s Gonna Break”—“Some people got barely enough skin to dissertation, cover their bones”—first appeared in Tristia amidst Ovid’s description of his own harsh life in Tomis, after his exile from Rome. Essays Widdowson. For “Someday Baby” Dylan gleaned “I’m gonna drive you from for phdyour home just like I was driven from mine” from a contrast Ovid posed between his own fate on the Black Sea and the journey of Odysseus: “He was making for his homeland / A cheerful victor: I was driven from mine, / fugitive, exile, victim.” [17]
Yet Ovid, unlike Timrod, also furnished essential structural scaffolding for songs on Modern Times , yielding transitions and key images.

The strongest songs are all but unthinkable without Ovid, at least Green’s Ovid. The devastating final tag of the managerchorus for citation for phd dissertation“Nettie Moore”—“The world has gone black before my eyes”—issues from a dream vision in The Amores . Beyond the bluesy phrases already noted, a partial inventory for “Workingman’s Blues #2” tracks “My cruel weapons have been put on how to english essay conclusion, the shelf,” “No one can ever claim / That I took up arms against citation for phd dissertationyou,” and “I’m all alone and I’m expecting you / To lead me off in a cheerful dance” back to Tristia .[18] Ovid loops through “Ain’t Talking” as insistently as the “Heart’s burning, still yearning” refrain Dylan imported from the Stanley Brothers:
If I catch my opponents ever sleeping,
I’ll just slaughter them where the lie.
They will tear your mind away from contemplation.
All my loyal and my much-loved companions.
They approve of essays by peterme and share my code.
Make the for phdmost of one last extra hour.
I practice a faith that’s long-abandoned.
Who says I can’t get heavenly aid?

The suffering is unending.
Every nook and on guernica, cranny has its tears.
I’m not nursing any superfluous fears.
In the last outback at the world’s end[19]
Each of these vitalizing lines, again calibrated by elisions and reversals, arise from Tristia , The Amores , and Black Sea Letters . Ovid famously was a skilled gardener—“Yet does not my heart still year for those long-lost meadows . . . those gardens set amid pine-clad hills,” as he wrote in the first of The Black Sea Letters . Citation For Phd Dissertation. So pervasive is his imprint on “Ain’t Talkng” that it’s tempting to essay, set the song in the abandoned gardens of his country villa. Dissertation. “There’s no one here,” Dylan sings, “the gardener is gone.”[20]
From the dustup in the Times— after our paper of record found a middle school teacher who branded Dylan “duplicitous,” Suzanne Vega earnestly supposed that Dylan probably hadn’t filched the essays widdowsontexts “on purpose”—you might not know we just lived through a century of citation for phd dissertationModernism. For Timrod and Ovid are just the tantalizing threshold into write english conclusionDylan’s vast memory palace of echoes. Besides Ovid and Timrod, for instance, Modern Times taps into the Bible ( Genesis , Exodus , Samuel , John , Luke , among others), Tennyson, Robert Johnson, Memphis Minnie, Kokomo Arnold, Muddy Waters, Sonny Boy Williamson, Blind Lemon Jefferson, the Stanley Brothers, Merle Haggard, Hoagy Carmichael, Cole Porter, Jerome Kern, standards popularized by Jeanette MacDonald, Crosby, and citation dissertation, Frank Sinatra, as well as vintage folk songs like “Wild Mountain Thyme,” or “Frankie and Albert.”
Still more astonishing, though, his prior two recordings Time Out of Mind and “Love and Theft” could be described as rearranging the entire American musical and literary landscape of the past 150 years, except the sources he adapts aren’t always American or so recent. Please forgive another Homeric catalogue, but the essays by peterscale and range of for phdDylan’s allusive textures are vital to an appreciation of what he’s after on his recent recordings.

On Time Out of Mind and “Love and Theft” he refracts folk, blues, and pop songs created by or associated with Crosby, Sinatra, Charlie Patton, Woody Guthrie, Blind Willie McTell, Doc Boggs, Leroy Carr, Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, Elvis Presley, Blind Willie Johnson, Big Joe Turner, Wilbert Harrison, the Carter Family, and Gene Austin, alongside anonymous traditional tunes and nursery rhymes. An Ib English. But the dissertationrevelation involves the cavalcade of film and essay on guernica, literature fragments: W. C. Fields, the Marx Brothers, assorted film noirs, As You Like It , Othello, Robert Burns, Lewis Carroll, Huckleberry Finn , The Aeneid , The Great Gatsby , Junichi Saga’s Confessions of a Yakuza, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest, and Wise Blood . Dissertation. So crafty are Dylan’s reconstructions for “Love and Theft” that I wouldn’t be surprised if someday we learn every bit of speech— no matter how intimate, or Dylanesque—can be trailed back to another song, poem, movie, or novel.
One conventional approach to Dylan’s songwriting references “folk process” and article newspaper research story write, recognizes that he’s always operated as a magpie, recovering and transforming hand-me-down materials, lyrics, tunes, even film dialogue (notably on his 1985 album Empire Burlesque ). Folk process can readily map the associations linking “It Ain’t Me Babe” and “Go ‘Way from for phdMy Window,” or tail his variations on traditional blues triplets on “Rollin’ and Tumblin’.” In his interview with Hillburn, Dylan illustrated his folk process, remarking that he “meditates” on a song. It Service Manager Letter. “I’ll be playing Bob Nolan’s ‘Tumbling Tumbleweeds,’ for instance, in my head constantly—while I’m driving a car or talking to citation dissertation, a person or sitting around or whatever. People will think they are talking to on construction, me and citation, I’m talking back, but I’m not. I’m listening to the song in rolemy head. At a certain point, some of the words will change and I’ll start writing a song.” [21]
Yet what about Ovid and Timrod, or Twain, Fitzgerald, O’ Connor, and Confessions of a Yakuza ? It’s no stretch to imagine a writer rehearsing Timrod’s “A childish dream is now a deathless need,” or Ovid’s “I’m in the last outback at the world’s end,” on the way to a song.

But the lyrics that draw on multiple Ovid and for phd, Timrod poems, and shrewdly tweak the sources? That play Ovid against widdowsonTimrod, or merge the citation for phdtwo into a single verse? Might that require books, notes, other constellations of intention? Perhaps along the lines of what Dylan said of painter Norman Raeben and essays by peter, Blood on dissertation, the Tracks— “He put my mind and my hand and article magazine newspaper research story write writing, my eye together, in a way that . Citation Dissertation. . . did consciously what I used to widdowson, do unconsciously”?[22] Folk process probably validates Dylan in his current designs, but if those allusive gestures are also folk process, then a folk process pursued with such intensity, scope, audacity, and verve eventually explodes into Modernism. Dylan seems galvanized by the ways folk process bumps up against Modernism, and for phd, the practices of the great blues songwriters intersect the inter-textual dispositions of the Classical poets.

As far back as “Desolation Row,” he sang of essays“Ezra Pound and for phd, T. S. It Service. Eliot / Fighting in the captain’s tower / While calypso singers laugh at them / And fishermen hold flowers.” His emphatic nods to the past on citation, Time Out Of Mind, “Love and Theft” and article magazine research story, Modern Times probably can best be apprehended as instances of for phd dissertationModernist collage.
If we think of Modernist collages as verbal echo chambers of harmonizing and on guernica, clashing reverberations, then they tend to organize into dissertationtwo types. Those collaged texts, like Pound’s Cantos or Eliot’s “The Waste Land,” where we are meant to remark the essay on guernicadiscrepant tones and idioms of the original texts bumping up against one other; and those collaged texts, composed by citation dissertation, poets as various as Kenneth Fearing, Lorine Niedecker, Frank Bidart, and on construction, John Ashbery, that aim for for phd dissertationan apparently seamless surface. A model of the former is the ending to “The Waste Land”:
London Bridge is falling down falling down falling down.
Poi s’ascose nel foco che gli affina.
Quando fiam ceu chelidon —O swallow swallow.

Le Prince d’Aquitaine a la tour abolie.
These fragments I have shored against essaymy ruins.
Why then Ile fit you. Hieronymo’s mad againe.
Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata.
Shantih shantih shantih [23]
The following passage by Frank Bidart, from his poem “The Second Hour of the for phdNight,” proves as allusive as Eliot’s, nearly every line rearranging elements assembled not only from Ovid, his main source for the Myrrha story, but also Plotinus and even Eliot. But instead of incessant fragmentation, we experience narrative sweep and urgency:
As Myrrha is drawn down the dark corridor toward her father.

not free not to desire.
what draws her forward is neither COMPULSION nor FREEWILL:—
or at least freedom, here choice, is not to it service letter, be.
imagined as action upon.
preference: no creature is free to choose what.
allows it its most powerful, and most secret, release:
I fulfill it, because I contain it—
it prevails, because it is within me—
it is a heavy burden, setting up longing to enter that.
realm to dissertation, which I am called from within . . On Guernica. .
As Myrrha is drawn down the citationdark corridor toward her father.

not free not to choose.
she thinks, To each soul its hour .[24]
Dylan’s songwriting inclines toward the cover lettercagier, deflected Bidart-Ashbery-Fearing-Neidecker Modernist mode. We would scarcely realize we are inside a collage unless someone told us, or we abruptly seized on a familiar locution. The wonder of the dozen or so nuggets Dylan sifted from Confessions of citation dissertationa Yakuza for “Love and Theft” is how casual and personal they sound dropped into his songs, a sentence once about a bookmaker reemerging as an it service manager cover letteraside on marriage in citation for phd“Floater”: “A good bookie makes all the difference in a gambling joint—it’s up to him whether a session comes alive or falls flat.”[25] Not one of those “ Love and Theft” songs, of course, is article feature magazine newspaper research writingremotely about a Yakuza, or gangster of any persuasion.
The issue of what we gain if we heed the multifarious allusions lodges a more tangled crux. For a long time I preferred to think of the phrases as curios of vernacular speech picked up from Dylan’s listening or reading that slant his songs into something like collective, as against individual utterances, and only locally influence his designs. But after immersion in Ovid and Timrod, it’s hard to miss both grand and specific calculations. For Phd. Dylan manifestly is, for instance, fixated on the American Civil War. It Service Cover. “The age that I was living in didn’t resemble this age,” as he wrote in Chronicles , “but it did in citation dissertationsome mysterious and traditional way. Not just a little bit, but a lot. There was a broad spectrum and commonwealth that I was living upon, and the basic psychology of essay on guernicathat life was every bit a part of citation for phd dissertationit.

If you turned the light towards it, you could see the essay on guernicafull complexity of human nature. Back there, America was put on the cross, died, and was resurrected. There was nothing synthetic about it. The godawful truth of that would be the all-encompassing template behind everything I would write.” [26]
His 2003 film Masked Anonymous takes place against dissertationthe backdrop of another interminable domestic war during an unspecified future. Dylan sees links between the write english essay conclusionCivil War and America now—the echoes from Timrod help him frame and sustain those links. Ovid too lived through the citation for phdassassination of Julius Caesar, the violent Roman internal conflicts, and wrote at the start of the Pax Augusta. Even the tibits of newspaper research story writingYakusa oral history irradiate the terrain. Citation Dissertation. On recordings steeped in empire, war, corruption, masks, moral failure, male power, and self-delusion, aren’t Tokyo racketeers as apt as Charlie Patton or the magazine research writingCarter family? Ovid and Timrod (or Twain, O’Connor, and Fitzgerald) should not be mistaken for a high-brow alternative to the “old weird America” of Dock Boggs; they’re an extension of it.

Exile, ghosts, romantic and for phd, spiritual abandonment, wary dawn departures, an abiding death-in-life—the devastated inflections of Tristia and Black Sea Letters offer the closest analogue in poetry I know to Time Out of Mind , particularly to “Love Sick,” “Not Dark Yet,” “Tryin’ to Get to widdowson, Heaven,” and “Highlands.” Ovid obsessively revisits his apprehension that he “made a few bad turns”:
. Citation For Phd. . . Article Feature Research Story Write. yet sick though my body is, my mind is sicker.
from endless contemplation of its woes.
Absent the city scene, absent my dear companions,
absent (none closer to my heart) my wife:
what’s here is a Scythian rabble, a mob of trousered Getae—
troubles seen and unseen both prey on citation for phd dissertation, my mind.
One hope alone in article feature newspaper storyall this brings me some consolation—
that my troubles may be soon cut short by death. For Phd Dissertation. [27]
The phantoms of Ovid and Timrod transform individual songs. Dylan’s “Rollin’ and Tumblin’” pushes past the eroticism—and erotic anger—of the Hambone Willie Newbern and it service cover letter, Muddy Waters versions towards something like forgiveness: “Let’s forgive each other, darlin’, let’s go down to the Greenwood Glen.” The axle of that forgiveness is the sudden nod to mortality in the verse I quoted earlier about the “long dead souls” and dissertation, their “crumbling tombs,” out of dissertations on constructionOvid. Citation For Phd. Yet isn’t our alertness to mortality also deepened after we know that the prior repeated line that Dylan reshaped from it service cover letterTimrod, “Well, the night is filled with shadows, the dissertationyears are filled with early doom,” draws on “Our Willie,” a heart-sore, self-accusing poem about the death of the poet’s son?[28] Similarly, isn’t the haunted and inconsolable refrain from cover letter“Nettie Moore”—“the world has gone black before my eyes”—still more haunted and inconsolable after we return the for phdline to Ovid’s nightmare vision about “the stain of adultery” in widdowsonThe Amores ? In “Workingman’s Blues #2” Dylan persistently roots his litany of the troubles of citation for phd dissertationglobalization in references to Ovid’s exile from Rome, as though the poet (and his poems) were only the first victims of outsourcing among the it service cover“proletariat.” “Ain’t Talkin’,” as submitted earlier, all but namechecks Ovid’s dark, bitter personal story, reclaiming his grief and citation, anger, his vengeance and narratives of a “world gone wrong” as Dylan’s own.
When Dylan lifts from Ovid and Timrod, the dissertations on constructionphrases often occur during passages where the citation for phd dissertationoriginal poets discuss their art. That “cheerful dance” and those “countless foes” are items in on constructionOvid’s reply to a friend who urged him to for phd dissertation, “divert these mournful days with writing.”[29] As Dylan sings, “I practice a faith that’s long abandoned,” he glances at a section of Tristia where Ovid is reflecting on the quandaries of essays widdowsonkeeping his Latin alive amidst the “barbaric” languages of Tomis:

Yet, to prevent my voice being muted.
in my native speech, lest I lose the common use.
of the Latin tongue, I converse with myself, I practice.
terms long abandoned, retrace my sullen art’s.
ill-fated sins. Thus I drag out my life and time, thus.
tear my mind from the contemplation of my woes.
Through writing I seek an anodyne to misery: if my studies.
Win me such a reward, that is dissertationenough. [30]
Even when Ovid exclaimed, “I want to be with you any way I can,” he was not addressing a lover but his audience back in Rome reading the new poems he was sending them from the Black Sea.

Finally, Timrod’s recurrently invoked “A Vision of Poesy” traces in fanciful, mythic guises the of research papercurious route that might guide a boy born of “humble parentage” in Charleston, South Carolina, say, or in Duluth, Minnesota, to poetry.
During his incisive entry on Street Legal for The Bob Dylan Encyclopedia, Michael Gray argues that, “Every song deals with love’s betrayal, with Dylan’s being betrayed like Christ, and, head on, with the citation for phd dissertationneed to abandon woman’s love.”[31] On Time Out of Mind , and especially “Love and Theft ” and Modern Times , art and tradition—I wish to propose—now seize the ground zero once occupied by love, and later God. Dylan always emphasized the traditional footing of his writing. “My songs, what makes them different is role of research paperthat there’s a foundation to them,” he told Jon Pareles. “They’re standing on a strong foundation, and citation for phd, subliminally that’s what people are hearing.”[32] Yet the rolecurrent intensification of dissertationhis allusive scale is undeniable.
Without ever winking, Dylan proves canny and sophisticated about all this, though after a fashion that recall’s Laurence Sterne’s celebrated attack on plagiarism, itself plagiarized from The Anatomy of paperMelancholy . On “Summer Days” from “Love and Theft” Dylan sings:
She’s looking into citation dissertationmy eyes, and she’s a-holding my hand.
She looking into my eyes, she’s holding my hand,
She says, “You can’t repeat the past,” I say, “You can’t?

What do you mean you can’t? Of course, you can.”
His puckish, snaky lines dramatize precisely how one can, in fact, “repeat the past,” since the lyrics slyly reproduce a conversation from The Great Gatsby . [33]On Modern Times , Dylan veers from an ib conclusionmediumistic—“I’ve been conjuring up these long dead souls from their crumblin’ tombs”—to self-mocking: “I’m so hard pressed, my mind tied up in knots / I keep recycling the same old thoughts.”
When asked what he believed by David Gates during a 1996 interview in Newsweek , Dylan replied, “I find the religiosity and philosophy in citation for phdthe music. I don’t find it anywhere else. Songs like ‘Let Me Rest on a Peaceful Mountain’ or ‘I Saw the Light’—that’s my religion. I don’t adhere to rabbis, preachers, evangelists, all of that. I’ve learned more from the songs than I’ve learned from any of article magazine newspaper story write writingthis kind of entity. The songs are my lexicon. I believe the songs.”[34] Let’s presume that by “songs” Dylan now also must mean poems, such as Ovid’s or Henry Timrod’s, and citation for phd, novels, such as Fitzgerald’s, along with traditional folk hymns and on construction, blues.
Speaking to his 16 th century Chinese listeners, Matteo Ricci affirmed the imperative of “good roots or foundation,”[35] and for phd, conceived the memory palace he offered them inside a Renaissance visionary architecture that “not only performs the office of conserving for us the things, words and how to write conclusion, acts which we confide to it . . . Citation Dissertation. but also gives us true wisdom.” [36]

In The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci , Jonathan Spence quotes Augustine from the Confessions , “Perchance it might be properly said, ‘there be three times; a present of things past, a present of things present, and a present of things future.’”[37] Dylan, too, as far back as his Renaldo and Clara pressed the eternizing powers of art. “The movie creates and role paper, holds the time,” he told Jonathan Cott. “That’s what it should do—it should hold that time, breathe in that time and stop time in doing that.”[38] Or, as he again sketched Blood on for phd, the Tracks, “Everybody agrees that was pretty different, and essay on guernica, what’s different about it is that there’s a code in the lyrics and also there’s no sense of time. There’s no respect for it: you’ve got yesterday, today and tomorrow all in the same room, and there’s little that you can’t imagine not happening.” [39]
All in citation dissertationthe same room . Dylan’s “conjuring,” as he might say, and as Ovid did say, of the essays widdowsondead on citation, Time Out of Mind , “Love and Theft,” and article story write writing, Modern Times stands among the citation for phd dissertationmost daring, touching, and original signatures of article feature magazine newspaper story writehis art. Who else—or who besides classical Roman poets—writes, has ever written, songs as layered and textured as these? Sheltering the for phd dissertationdead among the living, his memory palace tips past into present, but conjurers inevitably summon also the shadows ahead. “Whatever music you love, it didn’t come from nowhere,” Dylan recently advanced on how to english essay, his radio show, and Theme Time Radio Hour is another wing of his memory palace. “It’s always good to citation for phd dissertation, know what went down before you, because if you know the article feature story writingpast, you can control the future.”[40]
[1] Jonathan D. Citation For Phd. Spence, The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci (New York: Penguin, 1984), pp.

1-2.
[2] Bob Dylan, Chronicles Volume I (New York, Simon Schuster, 2004), p. 86.
[5] See New York Times for September 14, 2006 and September 17, 2006.
[6] All Timrod quotations are drawn from Poems of on guernicaHenry Timrod with Memoir and Portrait (B. Citation For Phd. F. Johnson Publishing Co., Richmond, 1901, and reprinted in dissertations on constructionfacsimile by Kessinger Publishing). Also helpful: Walter Brian Cisco’s Henry Timrod: A Biography (Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2004).
[7] For passages where there are even minor departures between Dylan and Timrod, and when I do not quote the citation for phdTimrod source elsewhere in this essay, here are the relevant Timrod “originals”: “How then, O weary one!

Explain / The sources of that hidden pain?” (“Two Portraits”); “You will perceive that in the breast / The germs of many virtues rest, // Which, ere they feel a lover’s breath, / Lie in a temporary death . . .” (“Two Portraits”); “Ah! Christ forgive us for the crime / Which drowned the memories of the on constructiontime / In a merely mortal bliss!” (“Our Willie”); “And o’er the city sinks and swells / The chime of old St. Citation. Mary’s bells . . .” (“Katie”).
[8] Jonathan Cott (editor), Bob Dylan: The Essential Interviews (New York: Wenner Books), p. 432.
[9] Green’s translations can be found in Ovid, The Erotic Poems (London: Penguin Books, 1982) and how to write an ib english, Ovid, The Poems of Exile (Berkeley: University of citation for phd dissertationCalifornia Press, 2005). Dylan studied Latin for two years at Hibbing High School, but was Ovid among the dissertations on constructionauthors he translated? During my own sophomore Latin class at for phd dissertationBoston College High School, we read the “Pyramis and Thisbe” story from Book IV of The Metamorphoses . It was also at article newspaper research storyBC High that I first encountered Matteo Ricci, a hero for the Jesuits who taught and resided there, and during a senior year Asian Studies course we were assigned an citation dissertationearly biography of the Jesuit missionary to China, Vincent Cronin’s The Wise Man from the West (New York: EP Dutton, 1955). Any mention of “memory” in proximity to on construction, Bob Dylan inevitably must also be indebted to Robert Cantwell’s brilliant chapter on Harry Smith and Robert Fludd, “Smith’s Memory Theater,” in for phd dissertationWhen We Were Good (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996). By Peter Widdowson. I also benefited from Francis A. Yates’s The Art of Memory (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966), and an anthology edited by citation, Mary Carruthers and Jan M. Ziolkowski, The Medieval Craft of Memory (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002).

[11] Or as these lines and phrases appear in Green’s translations: “The facts demand Censure, the face begs for dissertations on constructionlove—and gets it . Dissertation. . .” ( The Amores , Bk. 3, Section 11B); “May the gods grant that my complaint’s unfounded / that I’m wrong in thinking you’ve forgotten me!” ( Tristia, Bk. V, Section 13); “Revulsion making you wish you’d never had a woman / And swear you won’t touch one again for years…” (“Cures for it service coverLove,” ll.416-7); “…wife dearer to me than myself, you yourself can see . . .” ( Tristia, Bk. V, Section 14); “This girl’s got me hooked . . For Phd. .” ( The Amores, Bk. 1, Section 3); and “ I want to be with you any way I can . . . Essays By Peter Widdowson. ” ( Tristia , Bk. V, Section 1)
[12] Dylan, Chronicles , pp. 36-37. By referencing “the scary horror tale” (not tales ) might he be conflating Ovid ( Metamorphoses ) and for phd, Kafka ( The Metamorphosis )? Is this mention of paperOvid in Chronicles an early signal of citation for phd dissertationhis interest in essays by peterthe Roman poet for for phdModern Times ?
[13] Green, “Introduction” to The Poems of Exile , xix.
[15] Dylan, Chronicles , pp. 92-93.

I, Section 2). “The whole house / mourned at my obsequies—men, women, even children, / every nook and corner had its tears . . .” ( Tristia , Bk. I, Section 3). “Of this I’ve no doubt—but the very dread of citationmisfortune / often drives me to nurse superfluous fears . Write English Essay. . For Phd. .” ( Black Sea Letters? Bk. II. Of Research Paper. Section 7). “Some places make exile/ milder, but there’s no more dismal land than this / beneath either pole. It helps to be near your country’s borders: / I’m in the last outback, at the world’s end . . .” ( Black Sea Letters , Bk. For Phd Dissertation. II, Section 7).
[20] Ovid on his garden is from Black Sea Letters , Bk. I, Section 8. But Ovid’s garden in “Ain’t Talkin’”?

Or Tennyson’s (via “Maud”), as Christopher Ricks proposes? The Garden of Eden? God (or Christ) appears often in the guise of a gardener in Renaissance poems. Dissertations. A case can also be made that the absent gardener at for phd dissertationthe finish is the singer himself, unconscious (perhaps even dead) after he was “hit from behind” in the opening verse, and presiding over the scene as a ghost.
[22] Dylan quoted by Michael Gray in The Bob Dylan Encyclopedia (New York: Continuum, 2006) in his entry on Raeben, p. On Construction. 561.

[23] T. S. Eliot, “The Waste Land” (1922) in Collected Poems 1909-1962 (New York: Harcourt, 1991), p. 69.
[24] Frank Bidart, “The Second Hour of the for phd dissertationNight,” in Desire (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux), p. 46.
[25] Junichi Saga, Confessions of of researcha Yakuza (Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1991), pp. 153-4. The Dylan lines, from citation“Floater (Too Much to Ask),” run: “Never seen him quarrel with my mother even once/ Things come alive or they fall flat.”
[27] Tristia, Bk. Dissertations On Construction. IV, Section 6.
[28] Timrod, from “Our Willie”: “By that sweet grave, in that dark room,/ We may weave at will for for phdeach other’s ear,/ Of that life, and that love, and article magazine newspaper research story writing, that early doom/ The tale which is shadowed here…”
[29] “…I’m barred from relaxation/ in a place ringed by countless foes.” ( Tristia , Bk. V, Section 12). Also see above, Note 13.
[33] F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (1925). As Nick says of Gatsby in Chapter 6:
“He broke off and began to for phd dissertation, walk up and down a desolate path of dissertations on constructionfruit rinds and discarded favors and crushed flowers.
‘I wouldn’t ask too much of her,’ I ventured. ‘You can’t repeat the past.’
‘Can’t repeat the past?’ he cried incredulously. ‘Why of course you can!’

He looked around him wildly, as if the past were lurking here in the shadow of his house, just out of citationreach of his hand.”
[34] David Gates, “Dylan Revisited,” reprinted in it service managerStudio A: The Bob Dylan Reader , edited by Benjamin Hedin (New York: Norton, 2004), p. For Phd. 236.
[36] Spence, p. 20. He is quoting Guilio Camillo (Delminio) on on construction, his 16 th century “memory theatre.”
[40] Dylan quoted in MOJO , April, 2007. Citation. p. 34.
Read Robert Polito’s statement about The Riggio Honors Program: Writing Democracy.
Robert Polito, Director of roleWriting Programs; Professor of Writing, PhD, English Romanticism, Harvard University.
Born in Boston, he is a poet, biographer, cultural critic, and editor who received his Ph.D. in English and American Language and Literature from Harvard. His most recent books are the poetry collection Hollywood God , which was selected one of the top five poetry books of the year by Barnes and Noble, The Complete Film Writings of citation for phdManny Farber (editor), and D avid Goodis: Five Noir Novels of the 1940s and 50s (editor). On Construction. His other books include Savage Art: A Biography of dissertationJim Thompson , which received the National Book Critics Circle Award and an Edgar; Doubles (a book of poems); A Reader’s Guide to James Merrill’s The Changing Light at Sandover ; and At the an ib english essay conclusionTitan’s Breakfast: Three Essays on Byron’s Poetry . He is for phd dissertationalso the editor Library of essay on guernicaAmerica volumes Crime Novels: American Noir of the 30s and 40s, Crime Novels: American Noir of the 50s , and citation, The Selected Poems of Kenneth Fearing, as well as the editor of The Everyman James M. Cain and The Everyman Dashiell Hammett .
His essays and poems have appeared in widdowsonBest American Poetry , Best American Essays , and Best American Film Writing , and numerous literature, film, and citation, music anthologies, including Poems of New York , O.K.

You Mugs , 110 Stories: New York Writers After September 11 , The Cambridge Companion to Bob Dyla n, and This Is Pop: In Search of the Elusive at The Experience Music Project . He contributed catalog essays to Manny Farber: About Face , and how to an ib english essay, P atricia Patterson: Here and There, Back and Forth .
His work also has been published in many magazines, including the New Yorker , Harper’s , the Yale Review , Art Forum , Bookforum , Black Clock , the for phd dissertationLA Times Book Review , the Boston Globe , The Poetry Foundation Website, LIT , BOMB , Open City , Ploughshares , the New York Times Book Review , AGNI , and the L os Angeles Review of Books , among others.
Polito judges the magazine research writingannual Graywolf Nonfiction Book Prize, and has received fellowships from the Ingram Merrill and for phd dissertation, the John Simon Guggenheim Foundations. Manager Cover. He is a contributing editor at for phd dissertationBOMB , Fence , LIT , and The Boston Review , and serves on the advisory boards of Cave Canem and the Flow Chart Foundation.
He has previously taught at Harvard, Wellesley, and New York University. At the New School, Polito is the essay conclusionfounding Director of the MFA Program in Creative Writing, and the originator (with Len Riggio) of the Len and Louise Riggio Writing Democracy Program and of ASHLAB, a digital mapping project involving John Ashbery’s Hudson, New York house and citation dissertation, his poetry.

This site was produced by Robert Polito, John Reed, Luis Jaramillo, Laura Cronk, Lori Lynn Turner, Justin Sherwood, Carrington Alvarez, Bean Haskell, and the students of the Spring 2013 Riggio Documentary course, Writing #038; Democracy.
American Vanguard, a publishing imprint of the New School Writing Program, revives the name of an annual anthology of writing by New School students from the late 1940s and 1950s.

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AAA citation format for a published dissertation

2017 MBA Essay Questions: MIT Sloan. 2017 MIT Sloan Full-Time MBA Application Class of 2020. As expected, MIT has retained their cover letter for the 2017 MBA application #8212; and they#8217;ve also added a video component! It has a prescribed question and for phdthey#8217;re calling it a #8220;video statement#8221; #8212; you have to record your video and upload it to by peter, the app like another essay, as part of the submission. The question is deceivingly simple: Please introduce yourself to your future classmates via a brief video statement. This one is for phd, going to it service manager cover letter, require some introspection and self-examination in order to answer well! You#8217;ll want to citation for phd, treat this more like a second essay not to the extent that you#8217;ll literally write out essays, your answer, since that would seriously backfire on you if you were to sit there and read it while you were being filmed. Instead, you#8217;ll outline and prepare your content for both the video statement, and citation for phdthe cover letter, and by peterthe optional essay if you need it.
Then, you#8217;ll write the cover letter (and write it again the revision process is critical) and review and adjust your ideas for the video statement. After the citation for phd dissertationcover letter and resume (and optional essay) are all done, when you submit the app, then you#8217;ll also record your video statement too. You need to know how you#8217;re going to it service, handle it before you send it all in!

This requires a concentrated approach. For the cover letter, which is another assignment that Brave Supplicants have found challenging, they#8217;ve thankfully given you BSers a break this year by citation for phdexpanding the max length of that cover letter by 50 words. Magazine Newspaper Story. You may not think that 50 words is very much but believe the #8216;Snark, 300 words is WAY more than 250. This is still going to be an exceedingly challenging essay to write (mostly because it#8217;s really not an essay) however you won#8217;t have quite as tough a time as last year#8217;s crop of applicants did. Here are the citationfull instructions for the written components these also have been greatly expanded and further explained so you know what you#8217;re getting int.
They are helping you significantly here! MIT Sloan seeks students whose personal characteristics demonstrate that they will make the most of the incredible opportunities at essays by peter, MIT, both academic and non-academic. Citation For Phd Dissertation. We are on a quest to find those whose presence will enhance the experience of other students.

We seek thoughtful leaders with exceptional intellectual abilities and the drive and determination to put their stamp on essays by peter, the world. Citation For Phd. We welcome people who are independent, authentic, and newspaper research storyfearlessly creative — true doers.
We want people who can redefine solutions to conventional problems, and citation dissertationstrive to preempt unconventional dilemmas with cutting-edge ideas. Essays. We demand integrity and respect passion. Taking the for phdabove into consideration, please submit a cover letter seeking a place in the MIT Sloan MBA Program. Your letter should conform to dissertations, a standard business correspondence, include one or more examples that illustrate why you meet the citation for phddesired criteria above, and be addressed to essay, Mr. Rod Garcia, Senior Director of Admissions (300 words or fewer, excluding address and salutation). Please submit a resume that includes your employment history and academic record in reverse chronological order. Other information appropriate to citation for phd dissertation, a business resume is welcomed and dissertationsencouraged. (no more than 1 page in length) The cover letter at MIT is actually a long-standing tradition that they resuscitated last year, after previously having it as recently as 2012 (when it was but one of a suite of essays).

Well offer you this from Twitter#8217;s Professor Snarky (no relation): Dear student: A job cover letter needs to say what they#39;ll get out of hiring you, not what you#39;ll get out of citation for phdbeing hired.
Because of the video question, which is pretty open-ended, then the Additional Information submission for MIT has moved back to text only; it can now be up to 200 words, which means you should use it as you would any other school#8217;s optional essay (meaning, only if specifically needed to explain something that you can#8217;t otherwise explain elsewhere in the application, like low GPA, gaps in how to an ib essay conclusion, employment, etc.). Please note: For several years, it was highly recommended to do the Additional Info submission for Sloan!! That has now changed. You will need to evaluate your circumstances very carefully and see what you#8217;re conveying with the cover letter + resume + video statement! Do NOT include the Additional Info only because you think you should or you read somewhere that everyone should do it for Sloan! That advice is now outdated. If you#8217;re researching posts here on citation dissertation, the blahg about your app strategy for MIT, please pay careful attention to the date; anything that does not say 2017 is dissertations on construction, not likely to be accurate with this year#8217;s application instructions.

But wait! There#8217;s more! #128578; MIT has a unique element to their process: If you get invited to for phd dissertation, interview then you#8217;ll need to submit a separate essay as part of that process. Role Paper. The essence of dissertationthis question is that they#8217;re asking for essay, a story where you#8217;ve being successful in some capacity in for phd dissertation, your career that demonstrates how you#8217;re in sync with their mission (note that as of 7/31/17 we#8217;ve been informed by a sharp-eyed BSer that it#8217;s a change to the actual prompt from how to write an ib english conclusion, what they had before):
The mission of the MIT Sloan School of Management is to develop principled, innovative leaders who improve the world and to citation dissertation, generate ideas that advance management practice. Widdowson. We believe that a commitment to diversity, inclusion, equity, and well-being is a key component of both principled leadership and sound management practice. In 250 words or less, please describe how you, as a member of the MIT Sloan community, would work to create a campus that is welcoming, inclusive and increasingly diverse. This is for phd, now in line with many other schools that are not just focusing on their own culture but also on how each applicant will actually contribute to widdowson, it in a civil way, to foster growth and change productively (in contrast with the polarized politics a lot of people are fostering in citation for phd dissertation, the #8220;real world#8221; right now). This is how to an ib essay conclusion, not an easy question!

There#8217;s a lot to parse here and citation dissertationyou could go in many different directions with it #8212; which is both a grand opportunity and also a very big challenge. Most people don#8217;t do so well in articulating how they feel they#8217;re a fit through this (it is NOT asking you for the standard info of #8220;I want to take this course or be in this club#8221; stuff that so many applicants use in on construction, other essays). For Phd. This one needs to be part of your full strategy.
We actually suggest you write it when you write your cover letter. Our essay guide explains why, and how). One advance tip: Often BSers start with Story A in the CL and Story B in the Mission essay, and after tearing their hair out for a week or so, finally realize that the two stories should be swapped. Which is yet another reason why it#8217;s so strategic to work on them together. Dissertations On Construction. Be open to totally juggling around your ideas as you go through this. Dang, lots of citationchanges again this year, Sloan! The recommenders#8217; requirements also have been changed!

And they shifted their Round 1 deadline out dissertations on construction, till later in September, which takes the pressure off when you#8217;re scrambling to get other top schools done earlier in citation for phd dissertation, the month. How To An Ib. And yes there#8217;s more! they now have two rounds for LGO, instead of citation for phd dissertationjust one which was a tough process for many BSers.
These are all awesome improvements; they#8217;re streamlining, clarifying, and otherwise changing for the better. Of Research. Yet Sloan is citation for phd, still Sloan! You will not be able to on guernica, reuse anything you#8217;ve done for any other school (except for the parts that capture YOU; those parts won#8217;t need to citation for phd dissertation, be changed!). We have revised our MIT SnarkStrategies Guide to reflect all of this and how it impacts your strategy as a Class of 2020 MBA applicant. There#8217;s also been a number of posts on the EssaySnark blahg about the MIT Sloan cover letter and essay on guernicaresume this year see the Snark Info on dissertation, Sloan section below for some highlights.
We also definitely recommend getting up to Boston to experience Sloan for yourself, and if not, then be sure to get in front of the adcom in one of their traveling sessions if at all possible. This really will help you quite a bit. It Service Cover. For some additional insights into MIT Sloan, we live-tweeted an MIT admissions chat in late August 2015.

From @MITSloanAdcom: Common mistake is people who don#39;t follow instructions-seems like common sense but happens more often then you think. From @MITSloanAdcom: It can certainly be a challenge for intl student to citation for phd dissertation, work in the US but many of our intl grads work abroad for US cos. Someone asked how recent is on construction, recent for citation for phd dissertation, essay: the choice is how to write an ib english, yours but we typically recommend that the for phd dissertationexperience be w/in the last 3 yrs. Here#39;s a good Q: Do you expect managerial experience from candidates or will demonstrated leadership experience in other roles suffice ? The @MITSloanAdcom#39;s answer: Leadership in other roles is by peter widdowson, perfectly fine. The average work experience is typically 5 years.

At least they#39;re still consistent on this!
We would prefer a one page resume. All schools do BTW. From @MITSloanAdcom: The only advice I have for interview is to print your application and think of for phdnew examples to talk about! Confirming what we#39;ve been saying for years now: From @MITSloanAdcom: I always encourage people to apply in round 1 if possible. Pick up the 2017 MIT essay guide to learn how to approach the app! It#8217;s been completely revised for this year#8217;s requirements.

Your approach for MIT must be different they evaluate your application based on specific criteria that are unique to them.
If you want to role of research, understand how this works, please pick up the dissertationSnarkStrategies Guide for on guernica, MIT it will help you grasp what#8217;s so very unique about this school#8217;s admissions criteria, compared to other top MBA programs. MIT 2017 FULL-TIME MBA Dates and for phd dissertationDeadlines. Regular MBA and LGO Round 1: September 25, 2017 More applicant-friendliness from letter, MIT this year! First, they moved their Rd 1 date out so that deadlines are going to be more staggered for many of you in September. Big win! Second, they#8217;re now letting you apply to LGO in Round 1, too! Used to be, LGO apps were due in December and there was only one deadline, and it was definitely not optimized if you were trying for other schools in Round 1. Citation Dissertation. This is on guernica, way better.
Remember that while Rd 1 is always recommended, it is REALLY recommended at MIT based on how they manage their process. Rd 1 interview invitations will start going out on October 5th and then come on every Thursday until November 2nd, when applicants they won#8217;t be moving forward with will be released. Citation. For those being interviewed, a final decision comes in mid December like other top schools.

LGO Round 2: December 4, 2017 if you#8217;re interested in LGO then this can work too but for most of you, Round 1 will be better due to timing of decisions with other schools. (LGO is a joint degree with MIT Engineering, you can find out how to write an ib english essay conclusion, more here .) Regular MBA Round 2: January 17, 2018 yay thank you also MIT for keeping your Round 2 date later. OMG jumping up and down you make the #8216;Snark happy on behalf of all future BSers everywhere. We expect Round 2 interview invitations will go out in citation for phd, waves starting February 21, with Round 2 release to happen on March 3. Interviews will be conducted by the adcom in by peter, international locations from February 27 to March 27. Dissertation. Please note that MIT had only two rounds for admission up through the 2015-2016 application cycle, so it#8217;s very possible that you could read posts from the #8216;Snarchives that are outdated in how they talk about timing of an application strategy for this school. Always check to see that the information you#8217;re consuming here and elsewhere is current and applicable to the current year!

There are a lot of changes with the MIT admissions requirements! The 2017 MIT Application Guide is now available, with a full discussion of magazine newspaper storywhat to do and citation for phd dissertationhow to maximize your chances in light of the on constructionnew application.
For Reference: MIT#8217;s Past-Season Questions. Included in case anyone wants to see what Sloan asked before. Citation. Click to view last year's questions. 2016 MIT Essays EssaySnark#8217;s Analysis. They are officially going retro!
MIT has restored their classic #8220;cover letter#8221; question, which was the very first form of an #8220;introduce yourself#8221; type essay that any school ever instituted.

Good news: We#8217;ve got lots of dissertations on constructionexperience in helping successful applicants work through this important deliverable! Cover Letter: Please submit a cover letter seeking a place in citation for phd, the MIT Sloan MBA Program. Essays. Your letter should conform to a standard business correspondence and be addressed to Mr. Rod Garcia, Senior Director of Admissions. Citation For Phd Dissertation. (250 words or fewer for the body of the dissertationsletter) Resume: Please submit a resume that includes your employment history and academic record in for phd, reverse chronological order.
Other information appropriate to a business resume is welcomed and essayencouraged. (no more than 1 page in length) Thankfully they#8217;ve clarified now that the citation for phd dissertation250 words is the body of the cover letter only! On each of these EssaySnark school essay question and essay on guernicainfo pages, we always retain our commentary from past seasons#8217; app requirements at dissertation, the bottom and in the case of essayMIT Sloan, we#8217;re going to recommend you actually go through and read all of that.

The info on last year#8217;s app can give some context into the changes that the dissertationadcom has been making. Essay. Also, to citation for phd dissertation, fill you in, the cover letter requirement was a staple of the MIT app through 2012 when it was but one of widdowsona suite of essays. Citation For Phd. This 2016 MIT Sloan MBA application is a hybrid of dissertations on constructiontried-and-true requirements that have been updated to the modern era of MBA applications. As an example of the modern era, they#8217;ve again kept their #8220;Additional Information#8221; optional submission, which we actually say is not optional this is citation dissertation, one of the very few schools where you really do want to article feature newspaper story write writing, submit something for this:
Optional Question: The Admissions Committee invites you to citation for phd dissertation, share additional information about yourself, in any format.

If you choose a multimedia format, please host the information on a website and provide us with the URL. Please keep all videos and media limited to 2:00 minutes total in role, length. Citation Dissertation. Please keep all written essays to 500 words or less. If hosting your submission on a website, please ensure you provide an on construction, unprotected link (no password required).
Instead of this being a traditional #8220;optional essay#8221; which we typically suggest you DON#8217;T submit unless you have to citation for phd dissertation, in order to explain something, in on construction, this case, for MIT, we suggest you DO come up with something to include here particularly this year when there#8217;s only the citationsingle essay for the app.

Our MIT essay guide goes into all the letterstrategy behind this suggestion. For Phd Dissertation. We have revised our comprehensive MIT SnarkStrategies Guide to reflect all of this and how it impacts your strategy as a Class of 2019 MBA applicant. We do NOT recommend buying any previous season version of role of research paperthis school#8217;s guide; it will NOT help you with the core application and the details involved with this year#8217;s strategy. They#8217;ve also kept their post-interview-invite essay where they want you to tell a story about being successful in citation dissertation, the context of their mission a classic #8220;culture#8221; type question:
The mission of the MIT Sloan School of Management is to develop principled, innovative leaders who improve the world and to generate ideas that advance management practice. Please share with us something about your past that aligns with this mission. How To Write Conclusion. (250 words or fewer). For Phd Dissertation. Only those who are lucky enough to get invited to the interview stage will need to role, do this additional essay (we actually suggest you write it when you write your cover letter though! our essay guide explains why, and how). How long and in what capacity have you known the applicant? How does the citation for phd dissertationapplicant stand out from others in a similar capacity?

Please give an example of the applicant#8217;s impact on a person, group, or organization. How To An Ib. Please give a representative example of how the applicant interacts with other people.
Which of the applicant#8217;s personal or professional characteristics would you change? If you are an academic/technical recommender, please tell us how well the applicant mastered the subject you taught or supervised and in what ways did the applicant demonstrate this mastery. (LGO only?) Please tell us anything else you think we should know about this applicant. Citation For Phd Dissertation. Our Recommender#8217;s Instruction Sets can be especially useful for this school! [end discussion of MIT#8217;s last-year questions] 2015 MIT Essays EssaySnark#8217;s Analysis. Update 3/9/16: MIT says that 5% of the write an ib conclusionclass will be admitted in Round 3, but they’re discouraging international applicants due to potential visa timing issues.

MIT WAS PICKY IN ROUND 1. They#8217;re clearly going for an improvement to their rankings based on a strengthening of the class profile. We expect average GMAT score to for phd dissertation, go up even further at feature magazine research story write, MIT for citation for phd dissertation, the Class of 2018, based on the outcomes we#8217;re seeing from newspaper story write, them so far this season. (We did predict that, back in May#8230;) Thankfully (. ) MIT has modified its application this year. Their essay questions the past two cycles were straight-up awful for BSers to deal with. This year they#8217;ve gone down to ONE main question which normally we#8217;d be rather unhappy about, except that they#8217;re also introducing a system sort of similar to HBS, where you submit a second essay if you#8217;re invited to interview. Citation For Phd. (Harvard#8217;s Post-Interview Reflection is not the same, but it#8217;s the on guernicasame idea: get another submission from the applicant at the interview stage.) AND while on first glance it appeared that MIT retained the worst of the for phd dissertationworst of its essay prompts from essay, last year (see below), actually they changed that too!
All around positives. The other big change?

They#8217;re EXPANDING their admissions cycle to citation dissertation, three rounds. For a very long time, MIT has had just two rounds yet for several years running, we#8217;ve heard that they accepted #8220;late#8221; applications after their January Round 2 date was past. So they sort of kind of let you apply after their final deadline anyway. They#8217;re now standardizing to do what every other top school does. Three Rounds. September, January, April. Cool. The main application essay question is what we#8217;re most pleased about.
Here it is: Tell us about a recent success you had: How did you accomplish this? Who else was involved?

What hurdles did you encounter? What type of cover letterimpact did this have? (500 words or fewer).
This is such a classic #8220;significant achievement#8221; question that we#8217;re practically rejoicing here in Snarkville. Such questions let applicants communicate in ways that are revealing at citation for phd dissertation, least, provided the manager coverapplicant does a good job with the question! The question itself is absolutely awesome: It has subparts that guide you on citation, what to focus on, it#8217;s a reasonable length to convey what#8217;s needed, and it#8217;s unambiguous.

Thank you, Sloan! We have a category for posts here on of research, the blahg called #8220;essay types #8216;achievement#8217; essays#8221; which you may want to investigate if you#8217;re researching how to approach this. Our wait for it Accomplishments Achievements App Accelerator may also be useful in hashing through your possible topics and figuring out which #8220;recent success#8221; is going to for phd dissertation, be most effective for you to present.
What other goodness is coming from the MIT announcement? Well, they’re retaining their “Additional Information” optional submission, which we have always liked. Here’s the wording for that: Optional Question: The Admissions Committee invites you to share anything else you would like us to know about you, in any format. Write An Ib. Good stuff already coming @MITSloanAdcom chat: It is citation for phd, highly recommended you also submit optional essay (tho it#39;s schoolspecific advice!) They#8217;re also introducing a post-interview-invite essay requirement which looks remarkably similar to what they asked as a main essay prompt for the past two years, except that they fixed the roleawkwardness of it and citation dissertationnow they#8217;re just asking you to tell another story about essaysbeing successful somehow: The mission of the MIT Sloan School of Management is to develop principled, innovative leaders who improve the world and to generate ideas that advance management practice. Please share with us something about your past that aligns with this mission. (250 words or fewer).

MIT had a near-identical question as its Essay 1 for citation dissertation, two years and role of research paperalmost entirely because of that, had been recognized here in Snarkville as having the citation for phd dissertationworst essay questions. Write An Ib Essay Conclusion. This new version of the for phdprompt is feature magazine writing, much better though 250 words is citation for phd, very short.
If you are in the lucky position of being invited to interview at MIT, you definitely will want to avail yourself of the benefits in our Sloan essay strategy guide #8212; though hopefully you will get the dissertationsguide right away so that you can benefit from the dissertationentire strategy we lay forth! As of that early May 2015 announcement of the new essay questions, their app requirements page had NOT been fully edited and updated (once again, MIT exhibits sloppiness as of this writing on article feature magazine story write, 5/10/15, they have the new essay questions listed at the top but then the discussion of for phdLetters of Recommendation talks about an #8220;essay #2#8221; which is a leftover comment from last year#8217;s app). We#8217;re not saying that we never have errors on our site but on a school#8217;s app requirements page? Proofread, Sloan Adcom, proofread.

7/16/15 Good news! MIT continues to on guernica, introduce applicant-friendly changes.
We#8217;ve now discovered that they ditched the ridiculous suggestion that applicants submit a resume in Sloan#8217;s own resume format, and that the resume could be only #8220;50 lines.#8221; These restrictions were just silly, and citation dissertationcreated undue stress for candidates. You still should only be submitting a one-page resume (that#8217;s true for any school) but now you don#8217;t have to worry about a particular format for a particular school (especially when that format did not even demonstrate best practices for MBA applicants). Thank you, Sloan Adcom, for coming around!! MIT 2015 Dates and Deadlines. MIT now has three rounds!

That means: Be careful about any posts you read here on the blahg about #8220;two rounds#8221; and MIT. We have discussed the dissertations on constructionimplications of citation dissertationthis change to three rounds in essay on guernica, the 2015 MIT Application Guide but we have not gone back over dissertationour historical posts here on essays widdowson, this site to offer warnings or corrections what we may have said in the past about application strategy at MIT may not apply to this new world of a standardized admissions cycle. Citation. Round 1: September 17, 2015 almost a week earlier than Rd 1 was last year. By Peter Widdowson. Traditionally this has been the most advantageous at for phd dissertation, MIT but we don#8217;t know if that will hold true quite in the same way this year (Rd 1 is by peter, always recommended but it used to be REALLY recommended at MIT based on how they managed their two-round cycle; Rd 1 will still be an advantage, but it#8217;s a TBD on how big of an advantage it will be going forward at this school). Citation For Phd. Based on a 10/7/15 announcement on dissertations, the MIT blog , interview invitations this year will work the same as they did last year in for phd dissertation, Round 1: They#8217;ll start going out in article story, mid-October, through the #8220;week of November 9th#8221; (not sure why they can#8217;t name the citation for phd dissertationactual day?).
That#8217;s when the on constructionRound 1 #8220;release from citation for phd dissertation, consideration#8221; happens, which is a nice way to say #8220;no#8221; to english essay conclusion, you if they#8217;re not interested. For Phd. For those being interviewed, a final decision comes in newspaper story write writing, mid December like other top schools. For Phd. Round 2: January 14, 2016 . This jives with what happened last season, which actually was not what was originally planned. They had set Round 2 to be January 8, 2015, but then at the last minute, it was EXTENDED TO JANUARY 13th. Dissertations On Construction. Round 2 is citation dissertation, always viable at MIT.
Round 2 interview invitations will going out the week of feature magazine newspaper research story writingFebruary 15th (same as last year), with Round 2 release to happen somewhere around March 1st.

Round 3 THIS IS NEW: April 11, 2016. We don#8217;t generally post Round 3 deadlines here on the blahg because it#8217;s typically near-impossible to get in then. HOWEVER: Since Round 3 is NEW at MIT, then we can only expect that they have modified their internal admissions processes to leave spots open for candidates at citation for phd dissertation, that stage. By Peter Widdowson. We still believe it will be difficult to dissertation, get in on essays by peter widdowson, a Round 3 app but in this case, it may not be quite so difficult as it would be elsewhere. YMMV. For Phd Dissertation. Whew! That#8217;s a lot of dissertations on constructionchange!

If you want to understand how this works, please pick up the citationSnarkStrategies Guide for MIT (2015 version) it will help you grasp what#8217;s so very unique about this school#8217;s admissions criteria, compared to other top MBA programs.
And of course, you get a full discussion of the impact of the changes with the essays by peter widdowsonaddition of citation dissertationRound 3 and essayseverything else. Dissertation. The 2015 guide was totally overhauled from 2014; this is not an edit or refresh, it#8217;s a completely new book! [end discussion of MIT#8217;s 2015 questions] Click to view 2014 questions. 2014 MIT Essays EssaySnark#8217;s Analysis. Here#8217;s what we said when the 2014 questions came out#8230; remember this analysis is from a previous year.
The mission of the MIT Sloan School of Management is to develop principled, innovative leaders who improve the world and to generate ideas that advance management practice. Discuss how you will contribute toward advancing the mission based on examples of past work and activities. (500 words or fewer) Write a professional letter of recommendation on behalf of yourself. Answer the following questions as if you were your most recent supervisor recommending yourself for admission to the MIT Sloan MBA Program: (750 words or fewer) How long and in what capacity have you known the applicant? Really, MIT? REALLY. Cover. How does the applicant stand out from others in a similar capacity?

Please give an example of the applicant#8217;s impact on a person, group, or organization. Please give a representative example of how the applicant interacts with other people. Which of the applicant#8217;s personal or professional characteristics would you change?
Please tell us anything else you think we should know about this applicant. At least they kept the Optional Information thing (see the 2013 Questions section below on that; we recommend everyone submit something). They also kept essentially the same deadlines as they had in 2013. [end discussion of MIT#8217;s 2014 questions] Click to view 2013 questions. 2013 Essays EssaySnark#8217;s Analysis. Here#8217;s what we said when the 2013 questions came out. Wow! No cover letter. [They had this cover-letter thing as part of their app for YEARS.
Decades, maybe.

They ditched it in 2013.] They really switched things up! Bschool admissions peeps seem to be in a contest to do more things differently in 2013. Here#8217;s the citation dissertationSloan 2013 essay questions: The mission of the MIT Sloan School of Management is to develop principled, innovative leaders who improve the world and generate ideas that advance management practice. Discuss how you will contribute toward advancing the mission based on essays by peter widdowson, examples of past work and activities. (500 words/one page max) Describe a time [within the last three years] when you pushed yourself beyond your comfort zone. (500 words/one page max) Optional Question: The Admissions Committee invites you to for phd, share anything else you would like us to know about you, in dissertations on construction, any format.
First note: ESSAY 1 IS HARD. Second note: While most every school allows an #8220;optional essay#8221;, in most cases, we advise to only write it when you have something important to dissertation, explain that you can#8217;t cover elsewhere in the app (typically a gap in employment, not getting a rec from a current supervisor, what happened during college and that low GPA, etc.). For MIT, we recommend that EVERYONE submit the #8220;Optional Question#8221; and in particular that you do so using a non-written format if possible e.g., video or something snappy. Note though: They don#8217;t allow uploads. Essay. It must be posted somewhere on the web, but not behind a password (no protected Dropbox links); and no Flash. We talk about all this in the Sloan SnarkStrategies Guide which has been totally revamped to help you with these very unique essay challenges. [end discussion of 2013 questions] Click to view 2012 questions.

A cover letter and two essays: Please prepare a cover letter (up to 500 words) seeking a place in for phd dissertation, the MIT Sloan MBA program.
Your letter should describe your accomplishments, address any extenuating circumstances that may apply to your application, and role paperconform to standard business correspondence. Your letter should be addressed to Mr. Citation For Phd. Rod Garcia, Senior Director of Admissions. Essay 1: Please describe a time when you had to convince a person or a group of role of researchyour idea. Essay 2: Please describe a time when you overcame a personal setback. [end discussion of 2012 questions] MIT Links, Important App Info, and citation dissertationSome Snark. official school pages: EssaySnark#8217;s posts on role, MIT:
We haven#8217;t reviewed too many MIT essays on the blahg, however there#8217;s plenty of other schools with similar-enough questions that we have covered: We go into great detail in the Sloan essay guide on how to handle the questions that this school asks. Start there. Then, if you want an MIT essay reviewed for free! on the blahg, try sending it over! If you#8217;re looking for personalized and private help, then our standard Essay Decimator is ideal (we strongly suggest writing BOTH ESSAYS together at once; that way, you can get your entire pitch critiqued, and you#8217;ll be ahead of the game when it#8217;s time for that interview invite to come along!).

2017 MBA Application Strategy Guides. The 2017 Darden MBA Application Guide - rewritten almost from scratch to help you with the 2017 app! The 2017 Michigan Ross Essay Guide - totally new to help you with the nine short-answer options and your career goals! The 2017 MIT Essay Guide with brand-new material on the cover letter and the 'introduce yourself' video. The 2017 Duke Essay Guide - covers the 25 Random Things essay and all the rest too! The 2017 Harvard MBA Application Guide - refreshed with new details and dissertationstrategies for essays by peter widdowson, your Class of citation dissertation2020 app.
Brave Supplicants' latest reviews on manager cover, The 'Snark. I think that the citation for phd dissertationreviewer raised a lot of good points, but a) three pages of feedback on a 250 word . As a re-applicant, I knew I needed considerable improvement to my pitch in order to research story, maximize my . What were we snarking about at for phd dissertation, this time in past years?

2016 : Round 2 Countdown has started 2016 : Being prepared for your MBA interview 2016 : ($) If you get fired, do you need to of research, tell the adcom? 2016 : Good luck for HBS applicants! 2015 : ($) The wanderer wants to use bschool to find a new path. 2014 : Did you just discover EssaySnark? 2013 : Success Story!

A Journey to the Center of America: A Saga (Part 2: The First Year) 2013 : More on visiting schools 2012 : ($) What about citation for phda lower-ranked program? (No, lower than that) 2011 : essay critique: Columbia essay 2 life experience
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Focus and Precision: How to Write Essays that Answer the citation for phdQuestion.
Stephanie Allen read Classics and English at St Hugh’s College, Oxford, and is currently researching a PhD in Early Modern Academic Drama at the University of Fribourg.
We’ve all been there. Of Research Paper. You’ve handed in an essay and citation dissertation, you think it’s pretty great: it shows off all your best ideas, and dissertations on construction, contains points you’re sure no one else will have thought of.
You’re not totally convinced that what you’ve written is citation for phd dissertationrelevant to the title you were given – but it’s inventive, original and good.

In fact, it might be better than anything that would have responded to of research, the question.
But your essay isn’t met with the lavish praise you expected. When it’s tossed back onto your desk, there are huge chunks scored through with red pen, crawling with annotations like little red fire ants: ‘IRRELEVANT’; ‘A bit of a tangent!’; ‘. ’; and, right next to citation for phd dissertation, your best, most impressive killer point: ‘Right… so?’. The grade your teacher has scrawled at the end is nowhere near what your essay deserves. In fact, it’s pretty average. And the essaycomment at citation for phdthe bottom reads something like, ‘Some good ideas, but you didn’t answer the cover letterquestion!’.
If asked a question about citationKeats, you should write about Keats.
If this has ever happened to you (and it has happened to me, a lot), you’ll know how deeply frustrating it is essay conclusion– and how unfair it can seem. This might just be me, but the exhausting process of for phd dissertationresearching, having ideas, planning, writing and essay, re-reading makes me steadily more attached to the ideas I have, and the things I’ve managed to put on the page. For Phd Dissertation. Each time I scroll back through what I’ve written, or planned, so far, I become steadily more convinced of its brilliance.

What started off as a scribbled note in the margin, something extra to think about or to pop in if it could be made to fit the argument, sometimes comes to article magazine newspaper research write, be backbone of a whole essay – so, when a tutor tells me my inspired paragraph about citation for phd dissertationTed Hughes’s interpretation of role of research papermythology isn’t relevant to my essay on citationKeats, I fail to see why. Or even if I can see why, the thought of taking it out is wrenching. Who cares if it’s a bit off-topic? It should make my essay stand out, if anything! And an examiner would probably be happy not to read yet another answer that makes exactly the essay on guernicasame points.
If you recognise yourself in the above, there are two crucial things to realise. For Phd. The first is that something has to change: because doing well in high school exam or coursework essays is almost totally dependent on being able to pin down and dissertations on construction, organise lots of ideas so that an examiner can see that they convincingly answer a question. And it’s a real shame to work hard on something, have good ideas, and not get the for phd dissertationmarks you deserve. Write English Essay Conclusion. Writing a top essay is a very particular and actually quite simple challenge.

It’s not actually that important how original you are, how compelling your writing is, how many ideas you get down, or how beautifully you can express yourself (though of course, all these things do have their rightful place). What you’re doing, essentially, is citation for phd dissertationusing a limited amount of time and how to conclusion, knowledge to really answer a question. It sounds obvious, but a good essay should have the title or question as its focus the whole way through . Dissertation. It should answer it ten times over how to write essay– in every single paragraph, with every fact or figure. Treat your reader (whether it’s your class teacher or an external examiner) like a child who can’t do any interpretive work of their own; imagine yourself leading them through your essay by dissertation, the hand, pointing out that you’ve answered the question here , and here , and here.
Now, this is all very well, I imagine you objecting, and much easier said than done. But never fear! Structuring an essay that knocks a question on the head is something you can learn to essay on guernica, do in a couple of easy steps. In the citation dissertationnext few hundred words, I’m going to share with you what I’ve learned through endless, mindless crossings-out, rewordings, rewritings and rethinkings.

I’ve lost count of the number of times I’ve been told to manager, ‘write the for phd dissertationquestion at manager letterthe top of every new page’- but for citation for phd dissertation, some reason, that trick simply doesn’t work for me. If it doesn’t work for you either, use this three-part process to cover letter, allow the citation for phdquestion to structure your essay:
1) Work out exactly what you’re being asked.
It sounds really obvious, but lots of students have trouble answering questions because they don’t take time to figure out exactly what they’re expected to do – instead, they skim-read and then write the essay they want to by peter, write.
Sussing out citation dissertationa question is a two-part process, and essay on guernica, the first part is easy.

It means looking at the directions the question provides as to what sort of essay you’re going to write. I call these ‘command phrases’ and will go into more detail about what they mean below. The second part involves identifying key words and phrases.
Use forceful, persuasive language to show how the points you’ve made do answer the for phd dissertationquestion. My main focus so far has been on tangential or irrelevant material – but many students lose marks even though they make great points, because they don’t quite impress how relevant those points are.

Again, I’ll talk about how you can do this below.
3) Be brutally honest with yourself about research story write writingwhether a point is relevant before you write it.
It doesn’t matter how impressive, original or interesting it is. It doesn’t matter if you’re panicking, and you can’t think of any points that do answer the question. If a point isn’t relevant, don’t bother with it. Citation For Phd. It’s a waste of article newspaper research writetime, and might actually work against you- if you put tangential material in an essay, your reader will struggle to follow the for phdthread of your argument, and lose focus on your really good points.
‘Macbeth and Banquo meeting the article research write writingwitches on the heath’ by Theodore Chasseriau.
Let’s imagine you’re writing an for phd dissertation, English essay about the role and importance of the three witches in Macbeth . You’re thinking about the different ways in which Shakespeare imagines and essay on guernica, presents the witches, how they influence the for phd dissertationaction of the tragedy, and perhaps the extent to which we’re supposed to believe in them (stay with me – you don’t have to know a single thing about Shakespeare or Macbeth to understand this bit!).

Now, you’ll probably have a few good ideas on this topic – and essays widdowson, whatever essay you write, you’ll most likely use much of the same material. Citation. However, the detail of the it servicephrasing of the for phd dissertationquestion will significantly affect the way you write your essay. You would draw on similar material to how to write an ib, address the following questions:
Discuss Shakespeare’s representation of the citation for phdthree witches in Macbeth .
How does Shakespeare figure the supernatural in Macbeth ?
To what extent are the how to write english essay conclusionthree witches responsible for Macbeth’s tragic downfall?
Evaluate the citation dissertationimportance of the on constructionthree witches in citation for phdbringing about Macbeth’s ruin.
Are we supposed to believe in the three witches in Macbeth ?
“Within Macbeth ’s representation of the witches, there is profound ambiguity about the actual significance and power of their malevolent intervention” (Stephen Greenblatt). Discuss.
I’ve organised the examples into three groups, exemplifying the different types of questions you might have to answer in an exam.

The first group are pretty open-ended: ‘discuss’- and on guernica, ‘how’-questions leave you room to set the scope of the essay. You can decide what the focus should be. Beware, though – this doesn’t mean you don’t need a sturdy structure, or a clear argument, both of citation for phd dissertationwhich should always be present in an essay.
The second group are asking you to evaluate, constructing an argument that decides whether, and how to an ib conclusion, how far something is true. For Phd. Good examples of hypotheses (which your essay would set out to prove) for on construction, these questions are:
The witches are the most important cause of citation for phdtragic action in Macbeth. The witches are partially, but not entirely responsible for Macbeth’s downfall, alongside Macbeth’s unbridled ambition, and that of his wife.

We are not supposed to believe the by peterwitches: they are a product of Macbeth’s psyche, and for phd, his downfall is his own doing. The witches’ role in Macbeth’s downfall is deliberately unclear. By Peter Widdowson. Their claim to reality is shaky – finally, their ambiguity is citation for phdpart of an uncertain tragic universe and the great illusion of the theatre. (N.B. It’s fine to conclude that a question can’t be answered in black and white, certain terms – as long as you have a firm structure, and keep referring back to essay, it throughout the essay).
The final question asks you to respond to a quotation. Students tend to find these sorts of questions the most difficult to answer, but once you’ve got the hang of citation for phd dissertationthem I think the title does most of the work for you – often implicitly providing you with a structure for article feature story write, your essay.
The first step is breaking down the citation for phd dissertationquotation into its constituent parts- the different things it says. I use brackets:
( Within Macbeth ’s representation of the managerwitches, ) ( there is profound ambiguity ) about the ( actual significance ) ( and citation for phd, power ) of role paper( their malevolent intervention )
Examiners have a nasty habit of picking the most bewildering and citation, terrifying-sounding quotations: but once you break them down, they’re often asking for something very simple. Cover Letter. This quotation, for example, is asking exactly the citation dissertationsame thing as the other questions. The trick here is essaymaking sure you respond to all the different parts.

You want to make sure you discuss the following:
Do you agree that the status of the witches’ ‘malevolent intervention’ is ambiguous? What is its significance? How powerful is it?
James I, the King of England and Scotland at the time Macbeth was written, famously wrote ‘Daemonologie’, which encourages the practice of witch-hunting.
Having worked out exactly what the citation dissertationquestion is asking, write out it service managera plan (which should be very detailed in a coursework essay, but doesn’t have to citation, be more than a few lines long in an exam context) of the material you’ll use in each paragraph.
Make sure your plan contains a sentence at essaysthe end of each point about citation for phdhow that point will answer the question.
A point from of research paper, my plan for one of the topics above might look something like this:

To what extent are we supposed to citation, believe in the three witches in Macbeth ?
Hypothesis: The witches’ role in Macbeth’s downfall is deliberately unclear. Their claim to on guernica, reality is uncertain – finally, they’re part of an uncertain tragic universe and for phd dissertation, the great illusion of the essaytheatre.
At the citation for phdtime Shakespeare wrote Macbeth , there were many examples of people being burned or drowned as witches There were also people who claimed to be able to dissertations on construction, exorcise evil demons from people who were ‘possessed’. Catholic Christianity leaves much room for the supernatural to exist This suggests that Shakespeare’s contemporary audience might, more readily than a modern one, have believed that witches were a real phenomenon and did exist.
My final sentence (highlighted in for phd dissertationred) shows how the material discussed in essaythe paragraph answers the question. Writing this out at the planning stage, in addition to citation, clarifying your ideas, is a great test of whether a point is relevant: if you struggle to write the how to an ib english essay conclusionsentence, and make the connection to the question and larger argument, you might have gone off-topic.
Step Three: Paragraph beginnings and endings.
This 16th century English illustration shows a witch feeding her familiars.
The final step to making sure you pick up all the possible marks for ‘answering the dissertationquestion’ in an essay is ensuring that you make it explicit how your material does so. This bit relies upon getting the beginnings and essays by peter widdowson, endings of paragraphs just right.

To reiterate what I said above, treat your reader like a child: tell them what you’re going to say; tell them how it answers the question; say it, and citation, then tell them how you’ve answered the question.
This need not feel clumsy, awkward or repetitive. The first sentence of each new paragraph or point should, without giving too much of your conclusion away, establish what you’re going to discuss, and how it answers the question. Dissertations. The opening sentence from the paragraph I planned above might go something like this:
Early modern political and citation for phd dissertation, religious contexts suggest that Shakespeare’s contemporary audience might more readily have believed in witches than his modern readers.
The sentence establishes that I’m going to discuss Jacobean religion and witch-burnings, and also what I’m going to use those contexts to on guernica, show. Citation Dissertation. I’d then slot in all my facts and examples in the middle of the on guernicaparagraph. The final sentence (or few sentences) should be strong and citation for phd, decisive, making a clear connection to the question you’ve been asked:
Contemporary suspicion that witches did exist, testified to by witch-hunts and exorcisms, is crucial to our understanding of the witches in Macbeth.

To the early modern consciousness, witches were a distinctly real and cover letter, dangerous possibility – and citation for phd, the witches in the play would have seemed all-the-more potent and terrifying as a result.
The best way to get really good at making sure you always ‘answer the question’ is to write essay plans rather than whole pieces. Set aside a few hours, choose a couple of widdowsonessay questions from past papers, and for each:
Write a hypothesis Write a rough plan of what each paragraph will contain Write out the for phd dissertationfirst and it service cover letter, last sentence of each paragraph.
You can get your teacher, or a friend, to dissertation, look through your plans and give you feedback.
If you follow this advice, fingers crossed, next time you hand in essay on guernicaan essay, it’ll be free from red-inked comments about irrelevance, and instead showered with praise for for phd, the precision with which you handled the topic, and how intently you focused on answering the question. It can seem depressing when your perfect question is just a minor tangent from the dissertations on constructionquestion you were actually asked, but trust me – high praise and citation, good marks are all found in answering the essayquestion in front of citation for phdyou, not the one you would have liked to see.

Teachers do choose the questions they set you with some care, after all; chances are the question you were set is the more illuminating and rewarding one as well.
40 Responses to “Focus and Precision: How to Write Essays that Answer the Question”
August 21, 2014 at 8:22 am, Kristen Webster said:
I have been reading your articles on better essay writing and I am wondering whether you can provide an example of a well written essay please?
August 21, 2014 at 11:59 am, ORA Admin said:

We haven’t produced any sample essays ourselves. However, there is a huge amount available online – the Student Room’s sample essays might be a good place to start.
We hope this helps.
January 20, 2015 at 1:54 am, kot said:
Thank you this was very helpful!
March 18, 2015 at 7:56 am, Kos cahe said:

How do you answer a “to what extend” essay question?
March 18, 2015 at 12:34 pm, ORA Admin said:
A ‘to what extent’ essay question is effectively a ‘yes or no’ essay question that’s phrased in a more helpful way. For example:
To what extent did his desire for a son influence Henry VIII’s decision to break from the Catholic Church?
Did his desire for research story write writing, a son influence Henry VIII’s decision to break from the Catholic Church?
You can see that both questions will get a very similar answer, only “to what extent” gives you a hint of what sort of answer is for phd dissertationexpected – that it played some role, but that there are other causes that need to be considered.
In a ‘to what extent’ essay, you should consider a variety of reasons, but in each paragraph return to the reason given in the question. In my Henry VIII example, you might write one paragraph on his desire to story write writing, divorce Catherine of Aragon and for phd dissertation, marry Anne Boleyn, but connect this back to his desire for a son, as he believed Anne Boleyn stood a better chance of giving him a son than Catherine of Aragon.
In the it service coverconclusion, you could then assess whether the reason given in the question is in fact the most important, or if there was a more significant reason that you have identified in the essay.

We hope this helps,
November 22, 2015 at 6:14 pm, Sarah said:
How do I write an essay with keywords or key points already given in for phd dissertationthe question? For eg. If the question says to write an on guernica, essay on some topic and below are some key points or key words.
November 23, 2015 at 10:25 am, ORA Admin said:

Thank you for your comment. It is difficult to advise you on the specific essay in question, but we do have a large collection of essay-writing and study skills articles on the ORA website that may be of use to you. Hopefully you can find something that can help you in the following articles:
March 29, 2016 at 9:47 am, Fay said:
How do you answer a “why” essay question?
May 29, 2016 at 8:16 pm, Aaliyah said:
Hi, how do you answer a “what does so and so contribute to physics?”
Is this simply a descriptive essay?

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Great article, thanks!
When answering a ‘DO YOU AGREE’ question, is it better to give a straight ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ answer, instead of ‘May be’, ‘Yes and no’…
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August 27, 2016 at dissertation1:35 am, Deyshan said:

I was wondering your opinion on how to answer a How essay question. For example: How does To Kill a Mockingbird and 12 Angry Men illustrate the dangers of personal prejudice?
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