[Along with bacteria are the most widely used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first completely sequenced eukaryotic system. Another important yeast P. pastoris, used to get proinsulin batch culture and chitinase in continuous culture. In the field of mushrooms known for its medical work Penicillium.]Ingeniería Genética en animales.[Genetic engineering in animals.]La manipulación genética de los animales persigue múltiples objetivos: aumentar el rendimiento del ganado, producir animales con enfermedades humanas para la investigación, elaborar fármacos, etc.

[Somatic cell therapy. One or more tissues are subjected to the addition of one or more therapeutic genes by direct treatment or after removal of tissue. This technique has been used to treat cancers or blood disorders, liver or lung. ]

[A number of hormones such as insulin, growth hormone, clotting factors, and so on. Have a medical and commercial interest too big. Previously, obtaining these proteins was performed by direct extraction from tissues or body fluids. Today, thanks to the technology of recombinant DNA, cloned the genes for certain human proteins in microorganisms suitable for commercial manufacturing. A typical example is the production of insulin is obtained from Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, which is cloned the gene for human insulin.]Obtención de vacunas recombinantes. [Obtaining recombinant vaccines.]El sistema tradicional de obtención de vacunas a partir de microorganismos patógenos inactivos, puede comportar un riesgo potencial. Muchas vacunas, como la de la hepatitis B, se obtienen actualmente por ingeniería genética. Como la mayoría de los factores antigénicos son proteínas lo que se hace es clonar el gen de la proteína correspondiente.

[The traditional production of vaccines from pathogenic microorganisms inactive, may carry a potential risk. Many vaccines, like hepatitis B, are currently produced by genetic engineering. Like most of the antigenic factors are proteins that is done is to clone the gene for the corresponding protein.]Diagnóstico de enfermedades de origen genético. [Diagnosis of diseases of genetic origin.]Conociendo la secuencia de nucleótidos de un gen responsable de una cierta anomalía, se puede diagnosticar si este gen anómalo está presente en un determinado individuo.

[Knowing the nucleotide sequence of a gene responsible for a certain anomaly may be diagnosed if the abnormal gene is present in a given individual.]Obtención de anticuerpos monoclonales. [Production of monoclonal antibodies]Este proceso abre las puertas para luchar contra enfermedades como el cáncer y diagnosticarlo incluso antes de que aparezcan los primeros síntomas.[This process opens the door to fight diseases like cancer and diagnose it even before symptoms appear.]