Nowadays in the modern world of innovations and rapid technological development the science of management has become an important part of every business company and organization. It is really hard to imagine well-known companies such as Apple, McDonalds or Tesco without implementing the theories of management in their day-to-day practice as it became a tool of organizing, planning, motivating and controlling internal and external resources (Boddy, 2008). One of the scientists who made a huge impact towards the establishment of management as a science is Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) who is mainly known as an author of Scientific Management theory (Taylorism). According to Blake, A. and Moseley, J. (2010) ‘The principles of Scientific Management’, which is explaining Taylor’s theory, is now used in different industries and spheres in order to improve worker productivity and help managers to motivate their staff in a more effective way. This essay is going to critically evaluate the impact of Taylor’s management ideas by providing examples of their implementation in the past and examine their actuality and significance in the modern world. It would also compare and contrast the concepts of Taylor with his main critics in order to assess the influence of Taylorism on the global environment of management. To understand the theory of Scientific Management it is important to know exactly what is meant by the word ‘scientific’. By F.W. Taylor this term means an opinion that is based on a proven fact or statement rather than on personal philosophy are: the development of workers, cooperation with them and ideas or a guesswork (Locke, 1982). The main principles of Taylorism are: the development of workers, cooperation with them, ensuring their working quality as well as providing equal responsibilities between employers and employees and of course the division of labour, which is probably one of the greatest inventions of Taylor (Blake & Moseley, 2010). All of them together has formed a concept of the theory which can be set out in a statement: increasing the productivity within the organization could be achieved by working smart, not hard and this is something which was approved by Taylor’s research and has been something he was focusing on (Drucker, 2001). The efficiency of a ‘working smart’ approach is questionable and can be reasonably argued but it is hard to disagree with the benefits that can be gained from the division of labour in the organization. Task allocation is a management tool of simplifying the working process and leads to a higher quality of the performance. One of the aspects included into the Taylor’s Scientific Management theory, which he was mainly criticized for by other famous scientist, and experts in the science of management, was the way of motivating people (Boddy, 2008). Taylorism argues that the only way of employee’s motivation is through monetary incentives without paying attention to the social needs of people (Blake & Moseley, 2010). This is now considered to be as one of the biggest misapprehensions of F.W.Taylor during the implementation of his Scientific Management model. According to Fry, L. (1976) Taylor identified people as being naturally lazy and that is why he did not see any other way of motivating them when explaining and interpreting his management model theory. This was further added by McGregor, D. (1906-1964) in his well-known motivation theory that was mainly based on the concepts and thoughts of F.W.Taylor. Through the history of management as a science Taylor was one of the figures whose ideas were argued and were not fully understood by his critics (Drucker, 2001). In this paragraph I would to focus on the ideas of Henry Mintzberg and the reasons why did he critisise Taylor’s scientific attitude towards management. The main idea Mintzberg has been always skeptical about is the obsession of Taylor with efficiency which allows the entity, employers, employees,...

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...In todays modern era of business, with its exploding technological advances, easier access to materials and a much more skilled and specialized labor force the ideology behind using scientificmanagement is fast becoming as dated a method as the industries that still heavily rely upon its principles to function efficiently. Considering that the fundamental principles of scientificmanagement consist of breaking down manufacturing into its constituent parts allowing unskilled, simple minded, untrained workers to do any one of the multiple tasks that produce a product. This method functions in a manner that maximizes laborers potential and thus company profits by using an assembly line type system. Under this system only management however is considered capable enough of making the big decisions, planning things out and managing the labor force. However with todays manufacturing technology and high tech products being produced, a whole new type of labor force is needed, one that is capable, educated and can make decisions for themselves along the lines of the overall plan or business objective.
Turning a companies workforce into automated machines that will do whatever simple and menial task is handed to them along the assembly line as Henry Ford did to manufacture his cars is effective only in similar industries, such as fast food, shoes and clothing manufacturing and other like enterprises. It is...

...Introduction
Taylorism, additionally known as ScientificManagement, is a theory of management methodology that emphasizes on maximising work efficiency. Developed and named after an American industrial engineer, Frederick Winslow Taylor. Through thorough use of a stopwatch and a clipboard, Taylor put all his research and outcomes into a book called the Principles of ScientificManagement, which was later published in 1911. In the monograph Taylor’s notion was to mend the economical proficiency, principally in the labouring output. He believed that there were great losses, when “the whole country is suffering through inefficiency in almost of all of our daily acts” (Taylor 1911) and that “remedies in inefficiency lies in systematic managements” (Taylor 1911). Only by succeeding in “clearly defined laws, rules, and principles, as a foundation” (Taylor 1911), results that follow will be truly astounding. While his theories have survived the system for the last ten decades through much criticism, can it still benefit the practices in the 21st century? Moreover will it be abolished by newer theories because of its weaknesses? This literature review will be an attempt to discuss the principles of ScientificManagement, how it advances and limits its application in present-day organisations.
Principles
Taylor’s approach on Scientific...

...MN1001 ASSIGNMNET
QUESTIONS: ScientificManagement was the product of 19th Century industrial practices and has no relevance to the present day. Discuss.
In the 19th century workers usually worked at a slow pace so scientificmanagement was introduce by Frederick W. Taylor and this management can also be called Taylorism. The main purpose why scientificmanagement was introduced was for organisations in the 19th century to improve their labour productivity. Frederick W. Taylor was the main person behind the scientificmanagement and this management can be defining as method to improve efficiency. Other people who contributed to and developed scientificmanagement were Frank Gilberth, Henry Gantt and Lillian Gilbert.
Scientificmanagement had principles and these were:
* Workers to be trained
* Workers should be scientifically selected to do specific job
* Cooperation between workers and managers
* Management should take responsibilities for planning work for their workers
Frederick W. Taylor’s scientificmanagement had an influence on how businesses operated and also had influence on management practice in the 19th century; it also contributed to the study of management and organisation in...

...Frederick Winslow Taylor known as the father of scientificmanagement has had a major impact on the way businesses operate today. Born March 20, 1856 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Taylor, who had problems with his eyes and could not attend college. Instead, he went to work as a laborer in a machine shop. He later worked at Midvale Steel Works and became a manager in addition to attending night school to get a mechanical engineering degree. He saw the inefficiency and waste at his job and decided to dedicate himself to stopping this waste and improve efficiency (Kreitner 2001).
Frederick Winslow Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth all made great contributions in the area of operational approach to management. As the United States moved into the industrial age, management faced with the challenge of changing the pre industrial revolution people (Eldred 2000a). Before the industrial revolution and the creation of large factories and assembly lines, artisan workers took great pride in their individual abilities and techniques. This pride led many tradesmen to go to great pains to keep the secrets of their trade a secret. The tradesmen would pass their techniques and tips onto their sons and apprentices (Eldred 2000b). The tradesmen were not concerned with efficiency, but rather their artistic ability. There was no standardized way to accomplish various tasks; each individual worker performed their tasks as instructed...

...Formal Assignment
Title: ScientificManagement was the product of 19th Century industrial practices and has no relevance to the present day. Discuss.
Guide Length: c.2000 words
George Ritzer defined ScientificManagement as a procedure that “produced a non-human technology that exerted great control over workers” (Ritzer, 2011, p30). Scientificmanagement is primarily concerned with the physical efficiency of an individual and can be dated back as far as the early 1800’s to a man named Adam Smith. Smith explains the optimum organization of a pin factory to determine that a division of labour in the workforce would cause an increase in productivity. Before he came in, pin makers constructed a mere few dozen pins a day as they constructed the entire pin themselves. Smith felt that when workers were organised in a factory with each worker performing a limited task and thus different workers producing separate parts of a pin and then putting them together, they could produce thousands daily. Adam smith stated that “Labour alone, therefore, never varying in its own value, is alone the ultimate and real standard by which the value of all commodities can at all times and places be estimated and compared. It is their real price; money is their nominal price only.” (Smith, 1776), p23). This explains how much Smith favoured division of labour as he claims that a commodities real price is labour...

...﻿Scientificmanagement
Introduction
Nowadays, scientificmanagement plays an important role in our workplaces. Nevertheless, to draw a conclusion that whether scientificmanagement is appropriate in nowadays workplaces, the essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of scientificmanagement. First of all, as to the definition of management, the answer to this problem varies from people to people. Some people like Frederick Winslow Taylor, thought that management is a discipline that involves the calm and systematic tasks of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Maybe, from this point of view, we can basically understand what the managers do. However, others such as Jaffee have questioned whether scientificmanagement is really just a system for controlling workers. In order to analyze the scientificmanagement comprehensively, following will compare the past scientificmanagement with nowadays’ and discuss the impact of scientificmanagement in effective management and worker motivation.
Managerial work
Firstly, as to the roles of manager, as it is known, managers’ plan, organize, coordinate, control when they are working. However, what kinds of job can be called planning, organizing,...

...Case Study 1 |
History of Management Thought |
Andrew Thomas |
In Jones and George’s “Essentials of Contemporary Management” they discuss many of the leading visionaries in the history of management thought and how their studies and ideas have lead to how we view and study management today. Some of the major contributors they look at are Frederick W. Taylor, Max Weber, Mary Parker Follet and Elton Mayo. Jones and George use many resources to draw conclusions on these studies, these sources can be used to validate claims made throughout the text as well as draw conclusions to how these findings are applied in today’s business management field.
In the “Essentials of Contemporary Management”, Jones and George claim that Taylor employed four principles to Increase efficiency in the workplace (1). They go on to state that Taylor originally outlined these principles to increase efficiency in the workplace which is supported in Taylors paper “The Principles of ScientificManagement”, when he outlines his purpose as “The principal object of management should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee.” (2) Taylor goes on in his paper to define his four principles and how he developed these ideas and how they can be used to develop better management techniques, Jones and...

....
EARLY MANAGEMENT AND THE STUDY OF MANAGEMENT.
Although great feats of human achievement such as the Egyptian pyramids, the Great Wall of China, the Colosseum in Rome and the Taj Mahal in India all bear testimony to skilled management in ancient times, the formal study of management only began late in the 19th century.
The main driving force behind this development of management as a science was the transition from 19th century “entrepreneurial capitalism” to early 20th century “managerial capitalism”. Whereas the first capitalists were business owners who used their own finances to fund organizations that they managed themselves, rapid industrial growth saw the formation of large organizations with capital often provided by outsiders. This not only “widened the gap” between owners or shareholders and management, it also brought new management challenges (Smit & Cronjé, 2002, p34-35; George, 1968).
ScientificManagement
One of the early pioneers of management theory was Frederick W. Taylor (1856-1915), a mechanical engineer who believed that it was management’s task to design jobs properly and to provide incentives to motivate workers to achieve higher productivity.
While working at the Midvale Steel Company in Philadelphia, Taylor developed a new, and at the time radical approach to managing, known as...