Terrorism

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Transcript of Terrorism

"terrorist" groups have been traced all the way back to the 1st centuryJewish group, Sicarii attempted to oust Roman rulers from JudeaThe English word "assassin" comes from the secretive Islamic sect, Hashhashinassassinated political leaders in Iraq and Syria from the 11th-13th centuriesTerrorismWorks Citedhttp://www.crimemuseum.org/crime-library/types-of-terrorismhttp://www.fbi.gov/news/testimony/the-domestic-terrorism-threathttp://www.merip.org/primer-palestine-israel-arab-israeli-conflict-newhttp://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/04spring/morgan.pdfhttps://firstlook.org/theintercept/2014/07/23/blacklisted/http://www.nationaljournal.com/nationalsecurity/a-brief-history-of-terrorism-in-the-united-states-20130416http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/terrorism/terrorism-definitionhttp://terrorism.about.com/od/whatisterroris1/p/Terrorism.htmhttp://s2.reutersmedia.net/resources/r/?m=02&d=20101123&t=2&i=255926360&w=1200&fh=&fw=&ll=&pl=&r=2010-11-23T201357Z_01_BTRE6AM19E200_RTROPTP_0_KOREA-NORTHhttp://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/target/etc/modern.htmlhttp://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacksIntroductionTerrorism: the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. (according to the FBI)5 types: Civil disorder, non-political, quasi, limited political, and stateFive Types of TerrorismCivil Disorder:Non-political Terrorism:Quasi Terrorism:Limited Political Terrorism:State Terrorism:Civil Disorder: violent protests against political partiesIntended to send a message to the governmentEx: The Weathermen rioted and set off bombs to protest the Vietnam WarIntended to be non-violent but slowly becomes violentNon-political Terrorism: Attack by a group for another purpose, often for religious reasons. Religious based terrorism Ex: 9/11 an extremist group attacked the United States of America because of ideological discrepancies (no political motivation)Quasi Terrorism: Similar methods to terrorism, but with different motives/goalsOften involves an armed criminal trying to get away from law enforcement Ex: hostage situationsShared result = terrorized victimLimited political terrorism: general one-time plots with ideological/political motives not meant to over throw government Ex: anti-abortion violence (bombing, arson, murder/attempted murder)State Terrorism: any violent action initiated by a government to achieve political goals Conflicts between countriesEx: North Korean attacks on South Korea (bombing of Yeonpyeong Island and sinking of warship) History of TerrorismPre-Modern Terrorism

Origins of Modern TerrorismQuasi Terrorism:Laws on TerrorismTerrorism after 9/11 Until 2001, the government did not prioritize building a watch list system for people's eligibility to board planes On 9/11, the government’s list of people prevented from flying included just 16 names.Today, the no fly list has swelled to tens of thousands of “known or suspected terrorists”The list subjects people to extra questioning at airports and border crossings.The government has created other databases The largest is the Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment (TIDE)gathers terrorism information from sensitive military and intelligence sources around the world Terrorist Screening Database (TSDB)"the watch list" 1793: Maximilien Robespierre ushers in Reign of Terror after French Revolutionword "terrorism" comes from Reign of TerrorRobespierre's belief that violence will bring about a better system laid the foundations for modern terrorismNon-State Terrorismguerrilla tactics by independent parties rise in the 1950soften inspired by ethnic nationalism, anti-colonialism, and new ideologies Ex: Irish Republican Army originally fought to become independent from Great BritainInternational Terrorismbecame prominent in the 1960s when hijacking became a popular tactic1970s era established the contemporary sense of terrorism as theatrical, symbolic acts of violence by groups with political grievancesafter 1972 Munich Olympics, the terms "counterterrorism" and "international terrorism" officially entered U.S. politics1972 "Munich Massacre"Domestic TerrorismAny terrorist attack that occurs within the territorial jurisdiction of a country (U.S.)Includes both "homegrown" incidents and terror from abroadi.e. Unabomber, Oklahoma City Bombing, 9/11, Anthrax Attacks, Fort Hood Shooting, Boston BombingLevels Of TerrorismModern TerrorismTerrorism is now considered a "modern phenomenon" effectiveness depends on mass media to spread an aura of terror among the peopleMost groups justify violence with a deep belief in the necessity of their cause Religiously motivated terrorism is considered the biggest threat todayISIS, Al-Qaeda "The Base", Hamas, HezbollahRise of Extremist Terrorism1968-1979 = dawn of international terrorismcreation of Israel sparked anti-Western movements in the Arab and Islamic worldRadical nationalist Palestinians used modern communication and transportation to internationalize their struggle transnational network served as model to other ethnic and religious movementsAfghanistan became a terrorist training ground for Shiite Islamists after the Soviet invasion in 1979 (Al-Qaeda, Taliban, etc.)Globalized TerrorReligious extremists are becoming more and more willing to strike outside of their immediate surroundings to expand their influenceEx: ISIS reaches out to Westerners the 9/11 attacks brought the globalization of terrorism to America's center stage for the first timeIslamist terrorist attacks between Sep. 11, 2001 and May 2013Keep in Mind...Violent Islamist terrorists represent a minority view, and often contradict and misrepresent the true, peaceful nature of IslamReligious extremists are not "orthodox believers turned violent, but rather violent extremists who manipulate religious concepts for their own purposes."Ex: Muhammad Atta, architect of 9/11 attacks0:00-2:48September 11th, 2001largest terrorist attack in history19 militants associated with al Qaeda hijacked planes and carried out suicide attacks against the U.S.2 planes were crashed into the WTC in New York, 1 into the Pentagon, and 1 into a field in Pennsylvaniamore than 3000 people were killed, including 400+ police officers and firefightersextensive death and destruction triggered major U.S. initiatives to combat terrorism