In the Beginning... ...there was no inheritance and no composition, only code. And the code was unwieldy, repetitive, blocky, unhappy, verbose, and tired. Copy and Paste were the primary mechanisms of code reuse. Procedures and functions were rare, newfangled gadgets viewed with suspicion. Calling a procedure was expensive! Separating pieces of code from the main logic caused confusion! It was a Dark Time.

Five years ago, around Christmas 2012, I wrote an article about Cynefin, the sensemaking framework. I focused it on software development, because that was the main industry I worked in, and particularly focused on using it to work out which of our requirements were complex, so that we could embrace uncertainty and risk, and avoid…

A. Lancichinetti, and S. Fortunato. (2009)cite arxiv:0908.1062Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures. The software to compute the values of our general normalized mutual information is available at http://santo.fortunato.googlepages.com/inthepress2.