In the EAF melting process the chemical energy is playing an important role since production costs and productivity have to be always improved.

It is now common practice to use between 30% and 40% of the total energy input to the EAF being supplied through oxy-fuel burners and oxygen lancing.

Exothermic reactions are provided very important energy input.

At EAF, while the energy inputs are calculated;

Total oxygen which blows from burners (burner mode & jet mode) and lance manipulator, total NG which blows from burners, total C which is coming from with charge, injection and scrap, total removal elements are going into the calculations.

Burner oxygen;

Burner fuel (Natural Gas, LPG, CH4, etc.);

Lance oxygen;

Carbon injection.

Slag foaming is extremely important if an aggressive arc is to be maintained throughout the heat. As the scrap level reduces in the furnace and flat bath conditions are approached the height of the foaming slag must be increased to completely submerge the arc and prevent damage to the water cooled panels.

The location and the direction of the burners are determined to reduce the cold spots effect generated by the three-phase arc of the furnace, thus obtaining an even and faster melting.