C1: CompetenceC2: OrderC3: DutifulnessC4: Achievement StrivingC5: Self-DisciplineC6: Deliberation Example of N1 question: I am not a worrier Example of E3 question:I sometimes fail to assert myself as much as I should. Example of O5 question:I sometimes lose interest when people talk about abstract matters. Example of A2 question:I would hate to be thought of as a hypocrite. Example of C5 question:When a project gets too difficult I decline and start a new one. Insights Not a diagnostic tool

Useful for both clinicians and clients; provides insight into client's personality

Despite thorough research, we located no information on scoring procedures

Used to identify personality types of drug and alcohol abusers

Both test takers found the test very long. Clients may need to take a break so they maintain focus throughout all 240 items

Due diligence on behalf of the counsellor is required to ensure all questions are answered Norms Form S:•Normative Aging Study: used original Factor 3 NEO model (2000 person sample size; broad representation of adult males)•Augmented Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (ABLSA): original Factor 3 NEO model (400 men; 300 women; better educated than population in general)

Form R:•Peer Sample: review of BLSA (300 men and women)

Facet Scales A & C:•Employment Sample: (1,800 men and women; developed college aged norms) Reliability Provides a useful framework for understanding structure and systems of Axis II personality disorders.

To give individuals a general idea of their ways of thinking, feeling and interacting with others.

Provide direction for mental health professionals working with clients

To be used in conjunction with counseling.

Does not measure intelligence or ability

Not intended to diagnose problems of mental health, or adjustment. Purpose Two different forms: Forms S (self-report) and Form R (observer-reports)

240 items

5-point scale - Strongly Disagree(0) to Strongly Agree(4)

Facet scales are internally comparable: All have eight items Balanced in keying to minimize the effects of acquiescent respondingFacets are evenly distributed across 240 test items

30 to 40 minutes required for completion.

Scores reported on "Your NEO Summary" providing A brief explanation of the assessmentDomain levelsStrengths-based description of three levels (high, medium, and low) in each domain. Content

Some remain skeptical of client honesty when reporting

Supervisors may be prone to misinterpret the psychological significance of observed behaviour

Employers should not solely use this as a predictor of job performance and hireability

Conscientiousness is the most easily faked while Openness to Experience is the least easily faked

Length of test can skew results

It only describes, rather than explain personality types

Certain constructs of personality are better understood;

Counsellors, employers, and clients may place greater importance on certain facets; i.e. depression vs. happiness Developed by Paul Costa, PhD and Robert Mc Crae, PhD

First published in 1978, revised in 1991

A personality inventory based on The Five Factor Model of personality developed by Carl Jung.

The five factors, also classified as 'Domains', contained in this model are:

1) Neuroticism2) Extraversion3) Openness to Experience4) Agreeableness5) Conscientiousness Insights Both test takers found the test very long. Shannon lost focus by question 220; Thomas by 215

Counsellors should double check to ensure all statements are answered

Both evaluators (Shannon and Thomas) questioned the reliability and validity of their test results due to lack of appropriate training in testing procedures and evaluation

Despite thorough research, no information on scoring and interpreting results was found

Counsellors should not take the results at face value, rather it should be a platform for further exploration and discussion Test Critique References Costa, P.T., McCrae, R.R. (1992). NEO PI-R Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources