details

276
TUGboat, Volume 23 (2002), No. 3/4
Philology
The teubner LATEX package:
Typesetting classical Greek philology
Claudio Beccari
Abstract
The teubner package provides support for typesetting classical Greek philological texts with LATEX,
including textual and rhythmic verse. The special
signs and glyphs made available by this package may
also be useful for typesetting philological texts with
other alphabets.
1
Introduction
In this paper a relatively large package is described
that allows the setting into type of philological texts,
particularly those written about Greek literature or
poetry. Such texts require a large number of special
symbols, including the possibility of setting diacritical marks on every letter.
The first section explains my connection to the
Greek alphabets and my involvement with this particular project. I then explain why and how I decided to design a new Greek font, inspired by the
typefaces used by the printing company Teubner.
The name of the package was chosen to honour this
small printing company that is so praised by philologists.
We then delve into the package functionality by
showing and briefly describing the plethora of diacritical marks and special accents that philologists
need.
These accents are not the only signs philologists require; they also need special marks for indicating their interpolations or elisions from the cited
text specimens, for marking special pronunciations
or special alphabetic glyphs that are not present in
the standard alphabets.
Next, the environments for setting poetry are
examined; not only those for setting specific verses
with numbered lines, but also the metrae, verse in
which the syllables are substituted by their value for
the rhythmic and melodic declamation of poetry.
I conclude with some personal remarks about
the fact that the current package is a starting point,
not a finished work; feedback from philologists and
others will inspire further evolution of teubner.
2
Background
My connection to Greek fonts and Greek typesetting
dates back several years, when a friend of mine, a
professor of classical Greek in a nearby classical high
school, was complaining that she could not typeset
her class tests in Greek, as she could do in Latin.
I stated that with LATEX she should not have any
difficulty, but when I started searching on CTAN, I
could not find anything really suitable for her. At
that time I found only the excellent Greek fonts designed by Silvio Levy [1] in 1987 but for a variety of
reasons I did not find them satisfactory for the New
Font Selection Scheme that had been introduced in
LATEX in 1994.
Thus, starting from Levy’s fonts, I designed
many other different families, series, and shapes,
and added new glyphs. This eventually resulted in
my CB Greek fonts that now have been available on
CTAN for some years. Many Greek users and scholars began to use them, giving me valuable feedback
regarding corrections some shapes, and, even more
important, making them more useful for the community of people who typeset in Greek — both in
Greece and in other countries.
Then, one day I received an e-mail from a young
man, Paolo Ciacchi, from Trieste, Italy, who was
about to start work on his master’s thesis in classical Greek philology, and needed some extensions to
the available fonts and to the macros provided by
the babel option for typesetting Greek with multiaccent spelling (i.e., with the polutoniko babel language attribute when the greek language option is
selected).
Over time, his requests became quite extensive:
• a different typeface for purposes of emphasizing
quoted phrases or sentences;
• a multitude of commands for setting the specific
and quite specialized philological marks in the
critical text;
• these marks, where applicable, had to be usable
with both the Latin and the Greek alphabets;
• special signs for typesetting the metrae, the sequences of long and short marks that give the
rhythm of Greek and Latin verses;
• environments for typesetting poems with verse
numbering — even double numbering;
• new symbols for representing ancient monetary
and/or measure entities.
Ciacchi would also have liked to have the facilities offered by the package edmac, by John Lavagnino and Dominik Wujastyk [2]. Unfortunately,
edmac is based on the Plain TEX format and I was
not able to transfer them to the new LATEX 2ε package I was writing for Ciacchi. Aside from my inexpertness at tinkering with the output macros of
the LATEX format, I don’t think it is a good idea to
fiddle with these internal macros, unless one likes
TUGboat, Volume 23 (2002), No. 3/4
277
>En Ćrqň ľn å Lìgoc, kaÈ å Lìgoc ľn präc tän Jeìn,
kaÈ Jeìc ľn å Lìgoc. oÞtoc ľn ân Ćrqň präc Jeìn.
pĹnta difl aÎtoÜ âgèneto, kaÈ qwrÈc aÎtoÜ âgèneto oÎdà
ãn ç gègonen. ân aÎtÄ zwŸ ľn, kaÈ Ź zwŸ ľn tä fÀc
tÀn Ćntrÿpwn. kaÈ tä fÀc ân tň skotÐa faÐnei, kaÈ Ź
skotÐa aÎtä oÎ katèlaben.
>En Ćrqň ľn å Lìgoc, kaÈ å Lìgoc ľn präc tän Jeìn,
kaÈ Jeìc ľn å Lìgoc. oÞtoc ľn ân Ćrqň präc Jeìn.
pĹnta difl aÎtoÜ âgèneto, kaÈ qwrÈc aÎtoÜ âgèneto oÎdà
ãn ç gègonen. ân aÎtÄ zwŸ ľn, kaÈ Ź zwŸ ľn tä fÀc
tÀn Ćntrÿpwn. kaÈ tä fÀc ân tň skotÐa faÐnei, kaÈ Ź
skotÐa aÎtä oÎ katèlaben.
Figure 1: Sample text set with the Olga-like Greek
typeface
Figure 2: The same sample text, set with the
Lipsiakos Greek typeface
to get into trouble and, if he’s lucky, end up with
something that is working with the current version
of LATEX — but may very well be incompatible with
the next version. In my opinion, this sort of operation can be carried out only by the LATEX team.
I must add that recently the package poemscol
by John Burt [3] was made available to the TEX
community. This package is dedicated to printing
anthologies of selected poems with adequate comments and retrieval information of the sources. I
find it is a versatile instrument in the hands of a
scholar, suitable for publishing well designed poetry
books. This package has some of the philological
functionality that is missing from teubner, but it
deals only with poetry with numbered verses and
with end-notes; in other words, poemscol can set
end-notes whose numbers correspond to the verse
numbers. This could be implemented also in teubner but I have preferred to avoid end-notes, since I
consider it unwieldy to look up the notes in a different place from the current page.
poemscol provides the structures required to
produce a critical edition of the kind specified by
the Modern Language Association’s Committee on
Scholarly Editions, whereas these are not contained
in teubner; the latter is primarily dedicated to new
symbols and to low-level commands for formatting
philological text, in particular when the Greek alphabets are used.
house is the B.G. Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft of Lipsia. The Greek typeface used by this publishing
house is very elegant and is highly praised by readers; see, for example, [5]. In [4], the Teubner font
is thoroughly described, including explanations as
to why it is so widely used in scholarly works. This
font became so widespread that it received in Greece
the definitive name “Lipsiakos”.
Paolo Ciacchi eventually persuaded me to adopt
the Lipsiakos as the default typeface for emphasis
with teubner. As it happened, I had already started
remaking the Lipsiakos typeface with METAFONT.
By the end of this long process, I had also received
the assistance of Dimitrios Filippou who gave me invaluable suggestions for second order corrections of
each glyph. Eventually, the typeface design ended
up in a “final” version available on CTAN in both
METAFONT and PostScript Type 1 format. The
sample text of figure 1 reset with the Lipsiakos typeface is shown in figure 2.
The teubner package automatically substitutes
the default “italic” Olga-like Greek typeface with
the more traditional Lipsiakos one, and defines new
commands and environments that extend the babel options available for typesetting Greek. Specifically, it provides the commands \textDidot for
typesetting its argument in the “regular” upright Didot Greek typeface, and \textLipsias for typesetting its argument with the Lipsiakos typeface, and it
redefines \textlatin for inserting a phrase in Latin
characters within a text typeset in Greek.
All of these commands (and the declarations
\Lipsiakostext and \NoLipsiakostext), as well
as selecting a particular font, change the current
font encoding and the default language so that when
their action is finished the previous default encoding and language are re-established. In this way
it is straightforward for scholars to write an article
mainly in, say, German, while inserting short (or
long!) text samples in Greek within the work.
3
The new typeface for emphasis
The standard “italic” Greek typeface used with babel when the CB fonts are used is an imitation of
the rather modern Olga typeface introduced by the
Greek Font Society and fully described in the invaluable book Greek Letters — From Tablets to Pixels [4]. A sample text composed with such a font
appears in figure 1.
However, classical philologists are rather conservative when it comes to typesetting, by and large,
and like to see their works typeset in the traditional
fonts that have always been used by the best publishing houses for this purpose. In this regard, I
discovered that the most authoritative publishing
4
Accents and other diacritical marks
Philologists need to stack several accents and/or diacritical marks over or under alphabetic signs. The
278
TUGboat, Volume 23 (2002), No. 3/4
Table 1: Accent macros
Example
Ă
Ĺ
a~
ð
a
ffi
aŮi
a
ffl
Ą
Ć
ò
ñ
ó
Ľ
Č
Ś
Ł
Ń
Š
´i
u´
a
Syntax
\‘{hletter i}
\’{hletter i}
\~{hletter i}1
\"{hletter i}
\u{hletter i}
\U{hdiphthongi}
\={hletter i}
\r{hletter i}
\s{hletter i}
\Ad{hletter i}
\Gd{hletter i}
\Cd{hletter i}
\Ar{hletter i}
\Gr{hletter i}
\Cr{hletter i}
\As{hletter i}
\Gs{hletter i}
\Cs{hletter i}
\c{hletter i}
\semiv{hletter i}2
\ring{hletter i}2
Example
aw
»
a
ffi’
a
ffi‘
a
ffiV
a
ffiC
a
ffi^
a
ffi_
a
ffl’
a
ffl‘
a
ffl~
a
fflV
a
fflC
a
ffl@
a
ffl^
a
ffl_
a
ffl\
a
ffl>
a
ffl<
a|
p.
ffi"vi
Table 2: Accented vowel macros
Syntax
\ut{hlettersi}
\Ab{hletter i}
\Gb{hletter i}
\Arb{hletter i}
\Grb{hletter i}
\Asb{hletter i}
\Gsb{hletter i}
\Am{hletter i}
\Gm{hletter i}
\Cm{hletter i}
\Arm{hletter i}
\Grm{hletter i}
\Crm{hletter i}
\Asm{hletter i}
\Gsm{hletter i}
\Csm{hletter i}
\Sm{hletter i}
\Rm{hletter i}
\iS{hletter i}
\d{hletter i}
\bd{hletter i}
\aa
\asa
\ara
\arai
\ai
\asi
\ari
\asai
\ha
\hsa
\hra
\hrai
\hi
\hsi
\hri
\hsai
\wa
\wsa
\wra
\wrai
\wi
\wsi
\wri
\wsai
\ia
\isa
\ira
\ir
\ida
\ua
\usa
\ura
\ur
\uda
\ea
\esa
\es
\oa
\osa
\os
1
The circumflex accent may be obtained with \~ only if the
attribute polutoniko is specified for the Greek language with
babel v.3.7.
2 Most commands may be used also with Latin letters.
most obvious instance is when they have to typeset
poems (or even prose) inserting rhythmic accents
and melodic accents simultaneously; for example, a
grave accent over a macron. In other situations,
it is better (and recommended) to address the specific accented glyphs without resorting to the ligature mechanism embedded into the CB Greek fonts.
We will discuss this later.
Thus, teubner defines stacking accent macros
that take into account the font slant in skewing the
accent stack. Also, end user macros are available
so as to allow the typesetter to put multiple accents
over any glyph. Philologists must also be able to put
accents over consonants, so even simple accents have
their own macros that accept any symbol as the alphabetic symbol to mark. It is therefore not particularly difficult to typeset a
ffi’ (\Ab{a}) or w
ffl‘ (\Gm{w})
or even `s (\‘{s}).
The sample text displayed in figure 2 has a
glitch: compare the words aÎtoÜ and aÎtÄ.1 They
display an evident difference in the initial diphthong;
for the first word, the marked upsilon has been ob1 This is the situation referred to earlier where it is best
to access accents directly. The glitch in the composition of
the sample text was intentionally not corrected in order to
show this difference.
1
Ĺ
Ł
Ľ
Ŋ
ø
Ę
Ě
Ő
ă
ć
ą
ě
ù
đ
İ
ę
ÿ
ž
ź
¡
ú
ű
ţ
¿
Ð
Ò
Ñ
É
ò
Ô
Ö
Õ
Í
ö
è
ê
â
ì
î
æ
\ag
\asg
\arg
\argi
\ar
\aai
\agi
\asgi
\hg
\hsg
\hrg
\hrgi
\hr
\hai
\hgi
\hsgi
\wg
\wsg
\wrg
\wrgi
\wr
\wai
\wgi
\wsgi
\ig
\isg
\irg
\is
\idg
\ug
\usg
\urg
\us
\udg
\eg
\esg
\erg
\og
\osg
\org
Ă
Ń
Č
Ğ
Ą
Ň
Ď
Ŕ
Ÿ
ń
č
ğ
Ź
ď
Ĳ
ŕ
ř
ż
ş
ů
ś
ĳ
ť
£
È
Ó
Ë
Ê
ñ
Ì
Œ
Ï
Î
õ
à
ë
ã
ä
ï
ç
\ac
\asc
\arc
\arci
\as
Ř
Š
Ś
Ţ
Ć
\aci
\asci
\hc
\hsc
\hrc
\hrci
\hs
Ť
Ű
ĺ
ł
ľ
ŋ
Ž
\hci
\hsci
\wc
\wsc
\wrc
\wrci
\ws
ň
ő
À
Â
Á
Å
š
\wci
\wsci
\ic
\isc
\irc
\id
\idc
\uc
\usc
\urc
\ud
\udc
\er
\era
Ä
Æ
Ø
Ú
Ù
ð
ó
Ü
Þ
Ý
ô
œ
á
é
\oR1
\ora
å
í
For homogeneity with the other command definitions the
command \oR should be spelled \or, but then it would produce incompatibilities due to the TEX primitive of the same
name.
tained with the accent macro \s{u} (the mnemonic
‘s’ stands for ‘smooth breath’), while for the second
word the ligature mechanism was invoked by writing
simply >u. With other typefaces you hardly notice
the difference, but with the Lipsiakos face the shape
of the upsilon makes it very evident that the kerning
between the initial alpha and the marked upsilon in
the second case is not effective.
TUGboat, Volume 23 (2002), No. 3/4
This is a drawback of the ligature mechanism,
which is otherwise so useful for keying in text: TEX
metric files only support kerning and ligature information for two characters at a time. Therefore,
some information is lost when you key in a>u, because it involves three characters, directly processed
by TEX. On the other hand, no information is lost
when you key in a\s{u} because, thanks to the powerful LATEX 2ε commands, \s{u} is mapped directly
to the glyph that represents Î, without resorting to
the ligature >u =⇒Î. Of course these refinements can
be thought of as second order refinements so as to
obtain the very best typesetting. For speeding up
the keying process in this particular case, there is
also available the command \us, but of course then
you must type a\us␣t~w| in order to obtain aÎtÄ.
Accent commands and accented vowel macros
are collected in tables 1 and 2. The mnemonics are
quite transparent; in any case, the package documentation accompanying teubner gives more details.
I would like to stress that these accent and accented
vowel macros are for fine-tuning the final typesetting; the typesetter should not trouble to use them
before reaching the final step, and then only if some
irregularities are found in the letter kerning of specific words.
5
279
Table 4: Greek and general symbols
”
\GEodq
\GEoq
\ENodq
\stigma
\coppa
\sampi
\digamma
\f
„
‚
“


((
\GEcdq
\GEcq
\ENcdq
\varstigma
\koppa
\Sampi
\Digamma
\F
{
“
«
”
Ã
Ã
))
:
?
;
\Stigma
\Coppa
\permill
\euro
\shwa
}
:
?
·
€
ə
through babel commands, so there is no need to resort to the teubner extension package. Nevertheless,
it is useful to have them collected in a single table, so
as to know the differences between variants. Some
of these glyphs are used by the babel commands
\greeknumeral and \Greeknumeral: the teubner
package redefines both commands in order to represent the value ‘6’ with the digamma sign (which
is traditional with philologists), and it defines new
variant commands that use the stigma sign for the
value ‘6’ (which is more common in ecclesiastical
writings). The result can be seen in the following
examples:
Philological signs
It would take us too far afield to describe here each
and every command related to the special philological signs. In general, let us recall that philologists
insert such signs when they want to stress the point
that some letters in the transcription of an ancient
manuscript, papyrus, tablet, or the like, has been
replaced or interpolated by the scholar, or perhaps
that the original spelling is thought to be wrong
and the correction is specially marked. All these instances received technical names and the commands
to produce them correspond to their full names or
are abbreviations; most are Latin names, but sometimes it’s difficult to distinguish a real Greek or
Latin name from a Latinized version of a Greek
name. In any case, philologists know very well their
meaning and can distinguish very easily which command to use for producing which sign.
Table 3 contains most, though not all, of the
specific commands defined in teubner. Some of them
have been already described, others are used for inserting the philological signs, and still others are
used for defining special signs used in philology.
In table 4, we have the commands and the ligatures that provide access to all the special symbols
that are included among the 256 glyphs of every CB
Greek font. Some of these symbols are accessible
if
if
if
if
you
you
you
you
6
type
type
type
type
\greeknumeral{1996} you get ßaff«Şþ
\Greeknumeral{1996} you get ßA–Ãþ
\greeknumeral*{1996} you get ßaff«˚þ
\Greeknumeral*{1996} you get ßA–—þ
Environments for poetry
teubner defines two kinds of environments for typesetting poetry: the first deals with actual verse and
has three variants; the second deals with metrae,
which are the metric patterns describing rhythms of
verses and/or stanzas.
6.1
Environments for verse
The first verse environment, with the Latin name of
versi, typesets verses in block mode, with a separator between each verse. Over the separator is a
sequence number. The left margin of the block may
be set with a descriptor, generally the overall reference to the group of verses. The result is as follows:
Mer. fr. 4 ênjfl å màn e[Êsplh]
[dà dia]
70
69
68
jÌn Merìpwn kÐen. Ź
prä aÊqemĺi sjĺtoc [êlassen.]
ç dfl âxèqutfl; oÎ gĂr [åmoØai ] [Ć]
71
jĹnatai
72
jnhtaØsi bol[aÈ katĂ]
c d. . . ]
73
gaØan Łsin. prh[[m]]n[ĺ-
thse. mèlac dà perie.[. . . ]
74
rw
280
TUGboat, Volume 23 (2002), No. 3/4
Table 3: Extended commands in teubner
Example
BaqÔlidec
BaqÔlidec
text
(BaqÔlidec)
(
)
(?)
.v .v .v
.v .v .v
```
` ` `
foo
s
..
..
..
..
.
.. ..
|
||
|||
[
]
[abg]
[[abg]]
<abg>
<<abg>>
“ ”
abg
AB
^
ajb
aqb
aŞb
hv
˘e.
˘e‹
e
«
D
C
A
+
s
k>v
Syntax
\textLipsias{htexti}
\textDidot{htexti}
\textlatin{htexti}
\frapar{htexti}
\lpar
\rpar
\qmark
\Dots[hnumber i]
\DOTS[hnumber i]
\Dashes[hnumber i]
\DASHES[hnumber i]
\ap{htexti}
\sinafia
\:
\;
\?
\antilabe
\|
\dBar
\tBar
\lbrk
\rbrk
\ladd{htexti}
\lladd{htexti}
\Ladd{htexti}
\LLadd{htexti}
\nexus{htexti}
\Utie{h2 lettersi}
\yod
\q
\f
\skewstack{hbasei}{hapex i}
\Ud{hletter i}
\UO{hletter i}
\nasal{hletter i}
\dracma
\stater
\hemiobelion
\splus
\kclick
The second environment, Versi, sets verses in
display and separates stanzas with a blank line, just
as the standard verse LATEX environment. The primary change is that Versi labels the verses with a
numeric sequence which is printed every fifth element. The result is like this:

Example
ta; prìsje qeirÀn bÐan
de[Ð]xomen; tĂ dfl âpiìnta da[Ðmo]n srineØ.­
tìsfl eÒpen Ćrètaikmoc ąrwc;
{abg}
•
´
g
Syntax
*a
**a
***a
|| | |
| | ||

^^^
abg
ahb
ab
AÃB
´i
¯e.
¯e‹
e‹
d
\lesp{htexti}
\LitNil
\cap{hletter i}
\Coronis
\lmqi
\rmqi
\mqi{htexti}
\lmqs
\rmqs
\mqs{htexti}
\zeugma{htexti}
\siniz{htexti}
\paragr
\dparagr
\FinisCarmen
\crux
\apici{htexti}
\apex
\responsio
\Int
\star
\dstar
\tstar
\,
\!
\OSN{hdigitsi}
\nesso{htexti}
\h
\shwa
\F
\semiv{hletter i}
\md{hletter i}
\mO{hletter i}
\Open{hletter i}
\cut{hb |d |gi}
E
G
B
×
s
\denarius
\etos
\tetartemorion
\stimes
)
!
:
!abg:
?
;
?abg;
z {
abg
abg
| }
⊗
y
‘abg’
∼
R
t]Ĺfon dà naubĹtai
f]wtäc ÍperĹfanon

j]Ĺrsoc; <AlÐou te gambrÀi qìlwsen łtor
The third environment, VERSI, is similar to
Versi with the addition that verses can be numbered according to two sequences: the outer one displays every fifth element, as before, while the inner
one may be turned on and off, but when it is on
displays every element. This composition looks like
this:
TUGboat, Volume 23 (2002), No. 3/4











kèlomai polÔstonon
ârÔken Õb rin; oÎ gĂr Ńn jèloimfl Łmbroton ârannän >Ao [Üc
ÊdeØn fĹoc, âpeÐ tinfl Žðjè [wn
| }
sÌ damĹseiac Ćèkonta; prìsje qeirÀn bÐan
de[Ð]xomen; tĂ dfl âpiìnta da[Ðmw]n krineØ.“
tìsfl eÚpen Ćrètaiqmoc ąrwc;
t]Ĺfon dà naÔbatai
f]wtäc ÍperĹfanon
j]Ĺrsoc;.v .v .v .v
See the teubner package documentation for details on the input syntax.
6.2
Environment and commands for
metrae
Typesetting metrae requires both an alphabet — a
special font with the necessary symbols — and a series of commands and environments. Table 5 shows
most of the symbols that can be used within the
metric commands and environments.
Most commands define a single ‘note’, but a few
define frequently used rhythmic sequences and the
rhythms of common verses. Most important of all,
teubner provides a defining command \newmetrics,
similar to \newcommand, for defining new metric sequences. (More details are given in the documentation of the teubner package, as usual.) The important point is thus not to memorize the multitude of
metric commands (although their names are either
full names or abbreviations that are commonly used
in philological texts), but rather to remember that
with the help of \newmetrics, one can encapsulate
frequently used sequences in a particular verse, so
as to save a substantial amount of input keying.
Metrae can generally be typeset within the
standard LATEX verse environment, but sometimes
it is necessary to use special constructs. In particular, a new environment bracedmetrics has been
defined in order to typeset metrae well aligned and
grouped together. With the help of this environment, it is not difficult to align various rhythms and
to group with vertical braces some rhythmic variants
that may appear in particular stanzas. For example,
the following metrae can be obtained with a bit of
work and attention:
blbblbbll
blbll

z {

lbblbbll
lbll 

lbl||
lbblbbllo
lbblbbl
bbld|||
281
Table 5: Metric symbols
Command
Metric symbol
\longa
\bbrevis
\ubarbrevis
\ubarsbrevis
\corona
\catal
\anceps
\ancepsdbrevis
\brevis
\barbrevis
\ubarbbrevis
\coronainv
\ElemInd
\ipercatal
\ubrevislonga
\banceps
\hiatus
\iam
\enopl
\aeolchorsor
\2tr
\chor
\4MACRO
\hexam
\pentam
\aeolicbii
\aeolicbiii
\aeolicbiv
l
c
d
f
»
g
X
Z
b
i
e
–
»
h
k
Y
7
H
ilbl
blbblbbl
z {
z {
lbbbbbb
lblX lblX
lbbl
llll
lbblbblbblbblbbll
ljljl||lbblbbl
I
J
K
Conclusion
The teubner package is a complex project whose ultimate usefulness may be evaluated only by the philologists. In my own opinion, some highly useful features are still missing; in particular, integration with
the edmac Plain TEX package. As I explained in the
introduction, I believe that the particular functionality for setting footnotes in continuous lines with
the references tied to the line number of the critical
text must be implemented by the LATEX team only;
otherwise, sooner or later incompatibilities would
certainly show up.
I hope that the special arrangements for switching language and alphabet provided by teubner, together with its wealth of special symbols, will be
appreciated by scholars who can now typeset their
works in their mother tongue or another “language of
the trade”, while inserting specimens of philological
material written in another language with another
alphabet.
282
TUGboat, Volume 23 (2002), No. 3/4
As for the future of the teubner package, as long
as I am able I intend to implement whatever additional features I can, and certainly try to correct any
errors found by the users. At this writing, I have had
feedback from half a dozen philologists and the actual version 2 of this package is the result of their
constructive criticism.
8
Acknowledgements
A deep thank you goes to Paolo Ciacchi who convinced me to work on this project, and helped me
very much through his education in classical Greek
philology. He patiently taught me the details of the
various special signs and their usage. He eventually used them in his master thesis, for which he
received his degree with honors (magna cum laude).
His excellent result was of course primarily due to
his special education and the high quality of the contents of his thesis, but I hope that the professional
quality of his philological typesetting contributed to
the appreciation of his thesis.
Another grateful thank goes to Dimitrios Filippou for his invaluable assistance in helping me to
fine tune the Lipsiakos font.
I also want to thank the various philologists who
dared to experiment with teubner and constructively
suggested corrections and additions.
References
[1] Levy S., Silvio Levy’s Greek fonts. CTAN,
for example in /tex-archive/macros/latex/
contrib/supported/levy.
[2] Lavagnino J. and Wujastyk D., “Critical Edition
Typesetting: The EDMAC format for Plain TEX”.
CTAN, for example in /tex-archive/macros/
plain/contrib/edmac.
[3] Burt J., “Typesetting critical editions of poetry”
in TUGboat, v. 22 (2001), No. 4, p. 353–361.
[4] Makrakis M.S., ed., Greek Letters — From
Tablets to Pixels. Oak Knoll Press, New Castle,
Delaware, 1996.
[5] Euripides, Alcestis, Garzya A. ed. In “Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum
Teubneriana”, BSB B.G. Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 1980 and 1983.
Claudio Beccari
Politecnico di Torino, Turin
Italy
[email protected]