3What is a Robot IManipulator 4What is a Robot IIWheeled RobotLegged Robot 5What is a Robot IIIUnmanned Aerial VehicleAutonomous Underwater Vehicle 6What Can Robots Do IJobs that are dangerous for humansDecontaminating Robot Cleaning the main circulating pump housing in the nuclear power plant 7What Can Robots Do II

Repetitive jobs that are boring, stressful, or labor-intensive for humans

Word robot was coined by a Czech novelist Karel Capek in a 1920 play titled Rossums Universal Robots (RUR)

Robota in Czech is a word for worker or servant

Definition of robot

Any machine made by by one our members Robot Institute of America ?

A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks Robot Institute of America, 1979

10 Laws of Robotics

Asimov proposed three Laws of Robotics

Law 1 A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm

Law 2 A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law

Law 3 A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law

11History of Robotics I

The first industrial robot UNIMATE

1954 The first programmable robot is designed by George Devol, who coins the term Universal Automation. He later shortens this to Unimation, which becomes the name of the first robot company (1962).

UNIMATE originally automated the manufacture of TV picture tubes 12History of Robotics II1978 The Puma (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robot is developed by Unimation with a General Motors design supportPUMA 560 Manipulator 13History of Robotics III1980s The robot industry enters a phase of rapid growth. Many institutions introduce programs and courses in robotics. Robotics courses are spread across mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science departments.Barrett Technology ManipulatorAdept's SCARA robotsCognex In-Sight Robot 14History of Robotics IV1995-present Emerging applications in small robotics and mobile robots drive a second growth of start-up companies and research2003 NASAs Mars Exploration Rovers will launch toward Mars in search of answers about the history of water on Mars 15Knowledgebase for Robotics

Typical knowledgebase for the design and operation of robotics systems

Robots often need information that is beyond 5 human senses (e.g., ability to see in the dark, detect tiny amounts of invisible radiation, measure movement that is too small or fast for the human eye to see)

Accelerometer Using Piezoelectric EffectFlexiforce Sensor 20Sensors IIVision Sensor e.g., to pick bins, perform inspection, etc.Part-Picking Robot can handle work pieces that are randomly piled by using 3-D vision sensor. Since alignment operation, a special parts feeder, and an alignment pallete are not required, an automatic system can be constructed at low cost.In-Sight Vision Sensors 21Sensors IIIForce Sensor e.g., parts fitting and insertion, force feedback in robotic surgeryParts fitting and insertion Robots can do precise fitting and insertion of machine parts by using force sensor. A robot can insert parts that have the phases after matching their phases in addition to simply inserting them. It can automate high-skill jobs. 22Sensors IVExampleInfrared Ranging SensorKOALA ROBOT

6 ultrasonic sonar transducers to explore wide, open areas

Obstacle detection over a wide range from 15cm to 3m

16 built-in infrared proximity sensors (range 5-20cm)

Infrared sensors act as a virtual bumper and allow for negotiating tight spaces

Provide necessary intelligence to control the manipulator/mobile robot

Process the sensory information and compute the control commands for the actuators to carry out specified tasks

27Controller Hardware IStorage devices e.g., memory to store the control program and the state of the robot system obtained from the sensors 28Controller Hardware IIComputational engine that computes the control commandsRoboBoard Robotics ControllerBASIC Stamp 2 Module 29Controller Hardware IIIInterface units Hardware to interface digital controller with the external world (sensors and actuators)Operational AmplifiersAnalog to Digital ConverterLM358LM358LM1458 dual operational amplifier 30Industries Using Robots

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