DO STATES EMLPOY AID AS A TOOL OF FOREIGN POLICY DRAW UPON TWO EXAMPLES - Essay Example

Do States Employ Aid As A Tool of Foreign Policy? Draw Upon Two Examples By [Name of Student] [Name of Institution] [Word Count] [Date] Introduction Foreign policy refers to the international goals of a given country and the principles, and the strategies by which these goals are to be achieved…

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First, it must set its foreign agendas, which are the issues and challenges core to a government and its citizens’ well being (Kahler, 1998). Second, the appropriate policies have to be formulated, debated, voted and legalized/enacted. Third, the policies are adopted then implemented. Finally, the implementation and completion of these policies are evaluated and recommendations made for any practicable changes (Kahler, 1998). Foreign policies are quite unlike domestic policies that involve a lot of people and agencies. Normally, the head of states/governments (presidents and prime ministers) serve as the senior most diplomats for countries. Among the tools employed in foreign policy are diplomacy, foreign aid and military force. Diplomacy entails dealing with nations via discussions, negotiations, diplomatic messages and public statements on a variety of issues. On the other hand, foreign aid involves states assisting one another monetarily and materially so that they achieve their goals, in the process helping in improving their relations. The three common types of foreign aid used as foreign policy tools are military, economic development and humanitarian aid (Kahler, 1998). While military aid involves donating or trading in military equipment and technology to improve the military power of a given state or region of interest to the donor country, economic development aid is in the form of money or equipment loans, grants and donations to boost other states’ economy (Sogge, 2002). This paper explores the idea that foreign aid is a tool for foreign policy, citing two cases in which a state uses aid to promote its interests. Foreign Aid in US Foreign Policy The United States is one of the industrial, political and economic superpowers to whom foreign aid is an essential and integral part of foreign policy. There are several types of foreign aid that the United States regularly disburses to other countries. These categories of aid are disaster and humanitarian aid, military and security aid, and economic development aid. Among these types of foreign aid, the economic development aid accounts for approximately 60% of the total aid while the military and security assistance and the disaster and humanitarian relief account for 25% and 15% respectively. There are several reasons for which the United States extends foreign aid to its developing and strategic partners. For instance, U.S. foreign aid is given for development purposes and for humanitarian assistance in cases of emergencies/disasters. Having started giving foreign aid to developing nations in 1946, just after World War I, the United States’ foreign aid now runs into billions of dollars, making it one of the most controversial and debated tool of US foreign policy. The US and other Western nations learned about and started practicing foreign aid after the World War I after most of the destroyed countries such as Germany failed to effectively reconstruct their economy and government. These devastated countries sought and received help from other states. After the First World War, the United Sates donated a whooping $12 billion dollars to Europe for government and economic reconstruction after which the US Congress then passed the European Recovery Plan (ERP), also referred to as the Marshall Plan after the Secretary of State George C. Marshall. This plan proposed the disbursement of another $13 billion in the five years following the $12
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However it must be noted that the extent to which non-state actors are covered in a foreign policy is significantly lower than the other grounds. The principal concern of a foreign policy is to highlight the relationship between the country’s internal and external environment.

There have been various reasons that have been attributed to the transfer of aid from richer nations to poorer nations. However, some of these approaches have been criticized for being detrimental to the societies of recipient nations. Due to this, there have been some changes in the approach for the provision of aid.

139). The premise for the statement may be somewhat off-base, given the present-day concern with sustainability and the preservation of the environment. However, the conclusion arrived at appears prophetic. In the 21st century, Brazil is indeed proving to be the most significant and influential Latin American state in the field of foreign affairs.

Despite the lack of solid empirical evidence, foreign aid improves the economic growth of a country through indirect channels, which are not evident by the analysis of direct effect of foreign aid on economic growth. Some of the channels include the alteration of investment share of the country’s Gross Domestic product (GDP) that affects economic growth indirectly, and the effect on government consumption (Lancaster 2007:21).

This paper will discuss those eras and what they meant to policy both foreign and at home. It will also discuss California State and local governance.
This first period was a very long period of time and many things occurred. Some examples would include the Constitutional Convention, Alien and Sedition Acts, Louisiana Purchase, Battle at Tippecanoe, California Gold Rush, Little Big Horn, and Wounded Knee to name a few.

Though as a field of study it began only in the 20th century (Platzgraff) over the years, academic interest in the foreign policies of nations has increased. In the past century events World Wars, Cold War, development of economic blocs, globalization and liberalisation in international trade have profoundly affected the foreign policy of the nations.

There are various types of Foreign Aid; bilateral aid and multilateral aid. As argued by Nelson (2010) bilateral aid refers to the aid that is given by a donor state to a needy state. Most third world countries are the recipient countries as they are

s U.S citizens.1 This migration followed several decades of political instability in the country that was instigated by the collapse of Duvalier dictatorship reign in 1989. Haiti is a capitalist society where the gap between the rich and the poor grows by day.2 It’s the

In the United States, the constitution lays out an institutional framework that guides foreign policies in the country. The framework is a federal power, and it is not restricted to the within the states. There is a division of the foreign policy powers of the President

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