digestive tract bleeding

Gastrointestinal bezoars are a concretion of indigested material that can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and some animals. This material forms an intraluminal mass, more commonly located in the stomach. During a large period of history animal bezoars were considered antidotes to poisons and diseases. We report a historical overview since bezoars stones were thought to have medicinal properties. This magic conception was introduced in South America by Spanish conquerors. In Chile, bezoars are commonly found in a camelid named guanaco (Lama guanicoe)...

Hemosuccus pancreaticus is a rare cause of upper digestive tract bleeding, it is hemorrhage to the pancreatic duct. A case report is about 56-years old man who was repeatedly hospitalized and suffered from melena and enterorrhagia during 3 years. Imaging studies did not clearly identified etiology of bleeding or source of hemorrhage was wrong identified. Finally, hemosuccus pancreaticus from collaterals of pseudoaneurysm after embolization was suspected because of repeating hemorrhage and embolization of a gastroduodenal artery in history...

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal angiodysplasias are defined as vascular dilations that communicate capillaries and veins in the walls of the digestive tract. The clinical presentation of these lesions varies from chronic occult bleeding to severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage. AIM: The primary aim of our study was to analyze lesion location, the efficacy of therapeutic endoscopy with argon plasma coagulation, and the factors associated with rebleeding in patients with gastrointestinal angiodysplasias...

BACKGROUND: The gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are the most common soft tissue sarcomas of the digestive tract. They are usually found in the stomach (60-70%) and small intestine (25-30%) and, less commonly, in the oesophagus, mesentery, colon, or rectum. The symptoms present at diagnosis are, gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, or intestinal obstruction. The type of symptomatology will depend on the location and size of the tumour. The definitive diagnosis is histopathological, with 95% of the tumours being positive for CD117...

Objectives: The optimal surgical management for secondary aorto-enteric fistula (sAEF) is controversial. Here, we report the long-term outcomes of a surgical treatment with in situ graft reconstruction for sAEF that was performed at our hospital. Methods: Between 2009 and 2012, 10 consecutive patients (8 males, 2 females, mean age 75.9 years) with sAEF were surgically treated with in situ graft reconstruction. Perioperative and long-term outcomes were reviewed retrospectively by medical records. Results: Clinical manifestations, including gastrointestinal bleeding, shock, sepsis, and back and abdominal pain, were observed during the treatment of the patients...

Autopsy imaging (Ai), postmortem imaging before necropsy, is used in human forensic medicine. Ai was performed using computed tomography (CT) for a 1-month-old Thoroughbred foal cadaver found in a pasture. CT revealed pericardial effusion, collapse of the aorta, bleeding in the lung lobe, gas in the ventricles and liver parenchyma, and distension of the digestive tract. Rupture in the left auricle was confirmed by necropsy; however, it was not depicted on CT. Therefore, Ai and conventional necropsy are considered to complement each other...

Massive bleeding of Dieulafoy lesions were reported about 1-2% of all digestive tract bleedings. As it occurs mainly in the stomach, it is rare in colon and rectum [1, 2]. Over-The-Scope-Clip (OTSC) delivered to the cecum guidewire-assisted technique could save the life in critical condition with hypovolemic shock due to Dieulafoy bleeding [3]. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

BACKGROUND: The cystic dilatation of the biliary tract is an uncommon anomaly. Choledochocele, a cystic dilatation of the distal common bile duct, rarely presents clinically as massive gastrointestinal bleeding. AIM: This is to report a very rare disease condition and highlight minimal access options in surgical care. CASE SUMMARY: A 13 year-old boy was referred with a day history of sudden onset of passage of bright red blood per rectum with a fainting episode...

Lesions of the digestive tract due to barotrauma resulting from compressed air application are not common, are rarely lethal, and largely affect the sigmoid and descending colon. Moreover, their pathogenic mechanism is a topic of discussion because these lesions have multiple characteristics. Here, the authors describe an autoptic case of death from lesions of the ascending and transverse segments, with perforations and bleeding suffusions as well as ischemic areas covered the colonic wall that was extremely thinned, congested, and hemorrhagic, with considerable flattening leading to disappearance of the mucosal folds and with numerous petechial hemorrhages...

Endoscopic ultrasound is a diagnostic and therapeutic technique used in specialized centers for patients that have undergone digestive procedures. This technique enables highly precise real-time imaging of the digestive tract wall and surrounding organs. Endoscopic ultrasound is also useful in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrillation. In patients with contraindication for transesophageal echocardiography due to high risk of esophageal bleeding or complications that may require immediate intervention, endoscopic ultrasound may be a safer option for visualizing atrial chambers to rule out the presence of left atrial appendage thrombi before cardioversion...

Colonic diverticula are one of the most frequent conditions found during the endoscopic examination of the lower digestive tract, interestingly in >70% of people after 80 years old. Of them, only a few percentage develop complications such as acute diverticulitis or diverticular bleeding. Up to now, colonoscopy represents the most important diagnostic and therapeutic tool on the hands of the clinicians. On the basis of this the need for a standardized and reproducible approach is now emerging. This short review article is tasked to point out some open issues concerning the role of colonoscopy in diverticular disease...

Gastrointestinal vascular malformations are responsible for 2-8% of all cases of bleeding and 30-40% of all obscure hemorrhages, being the most frequent cause of occult bleeding in older people. The aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date report about the use of octreotide in bleeding from both hereditary and acquired vascular malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. A systematic literature search was performed, using the keywords "gastrointestinal vascular malformation", "octreotide", "angiodysplasia", "portal hypertensive gastropathy", "gastric antral vascular ectasia", and "hereditary vascular malformations"...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of Da Vinci surgical robot in the dissection of splenic hilar lymph nodes for gastric cancer patients with total gastrectomy. METHODS: Clinical data of two cases who underwent total gastrectomy for cardia cancer at our department in January 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Two male patients were 62 and 55 years old respectively, with preoperative diagnosis as cT2-3N0M0 and cT1-2N0M0 gastric cancer by gastroscope and biopsy, and both received robotic total gastrectomy spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node dissection successfully...

INTRODUCTION: Massive transfusion is defined as blood transfusion in quantities equal to or greater than the estimated patients' blood volume over a relatively short period of time (3-4 hours). The study was aimed at analyzing the application of chemotherapy in treatment of patients with acute massive bleeding and evaluating the results of hemostasis and platelet counts screening tests in the patients receiving massive transfusions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Attempts were made to fully compensate hemostatic factors in 24 patients (14 male and 10 female, aged 23 to 76 years) with acute massive and uncontrolled surgical bleeding (polytrauma, abdominal aortic aneurysm, digestive tract bleeding as a result of a farina overdose, mortus fetus) over the five-year period, wherein a circulating patients' blood volume was compensated over a relatively short period of time...

Digestive tract sarcoidosis (DTS) is rare and case-series are lacking. In this retrospective case-control study, we aimed to compare the characteristics, outcome, and treatment of patients with DTS, nondigestive tract sarcoidosis (NDTS), and Crohn disease.We included cases of confirmed sarcoidosis, symptomatic digestive tract involvement, and noncaseating granuloma in any digestive tract. Each case was compared with 2 controls with sarcoidoisis without digestive tract involvement and 4 with Crohn disease.We compared 25 cases of DTS to 50 controls with NDTS and 100 controls with Crohn disease...

Systemic mastocytosis is a rare infiltrative disease involving the skin, bone marrow, digestive system, and liver. We report a case of a 59-year-old male who presented with a massive variceal bleed without any evidence of cirrhosis; however was later found to have severe perisinusoidal fibrosis with mast cells in portal tracts on liver biopsy and hypercellular mast cell infiltrated bone marrow. This rare case describes an out-of-the-ordinary reason of variceal bleeding with preserved liver function due to non-cirrhotic portal hypertension...

The Rendu-Osler-Weber disease, also known as hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. Its main manifestations are nosebleeds and digestive tract bleeding due to angiodysplasia. The presence of arteriovenous malformations in organs such as lung, liver, brain, etc. can cause serious complications (haemorrhage, stroke, brain abscess, hypoxemia, increased cardiac output, pulmonary arterial hypertension). Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and can be confirmed by genetic analysis...

OBJECTIVE: To propose a method to build customized sets of MedDRA terms for the description of a medical condition. We illustrate this method with upper gastrointestinal bleedings (UGIB). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We created a broad list of MedDRA terms related to UGIB and defined a gold standard with the help of experts. MedDRA terms were formally described in a semantic resource named OntoADR. We report the use of two semantic queries that automatically select candidate terms for UGIB...

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinomas are rare in non-sun-exposed skin, and are even rarer in the perianal region. Alertness to the unusual occurrence of this tumor at perianal site, with understanding of its clinical course, can prevent delay in its diagnosis and morbid aggressiveness in the management of the disease. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 93 year old female, referred to our hospital because of a three month bleeding ulcerative lesion, with a diameter approximately of 4...