Climbing barefoot/in toe-shoes?I guess part of the appeal of bouldering is its elemental simplicity and the ability to do it without a lot of complicated and expensive gear, so from that point of view this might make sense. However, modern rubber climbing slippers are the result of about a century of evolution, going back to when climbers at Tahquitz established the first technical routes using hobnailed boots. If you could hypothetically buy five-fingers shoes with soles made of climbing rubber, I suspect that certain moves would still be much harder -- specifically, foot jams and edging with the outside of the foot.

How to overcome fear of falling in lead climbingMost of the question sounds like it's about gym climbing, but at the end it mentions slabs. I think the context matters here. Indoor sport climbing is extremely safe, and you really have to do something stupid in order to get hurt. But in various forms of outdoor climbing, falling can be much less of a safe, controlled thing.

How do you build a campfire that leaves no trace?Are you assuming you can obtain firewood without disturbing the environment, e.g., you're car camping and have brought in firewood in the car? If you're in the backcountry, then you're going to have to gather wood, and that's not going to be LNT.

How to calculate the force (kN) generated by a falling climber onto their protection?The answer seems to suggest that the online calculator implements the analysis given in the WP article. Actually, reading the javascript source code of the calculator shows that it calculates S=(m/m0)fk, where they call S the "shock force," m is the mass of the climber, m0=80 kg, f is the fall factor, and k is 4.5 for a dynamic rope, 9 for a static rope. This is completely different from the WP result. In particular, it doesn't make sense in the case where f=0. This is the case where the rope is simply holding the climber's body weight, and in this case there is not zero tension in the rope.

Lowering a climber from above using a belay device in autolocking modeThanks, that's all very helpful. In my case the reason for belaying from above was that the climb was too long for top-roping with a single rope. I see what you mean about the Munter. I guess the question would be what mode of failure the Munter is supposed to be guarding against. I'll edit the question in order to try to clarify this.