pitted wet concrete basement

I'm having my foundation block walls replaced/repaired, but I cannot afford to replace the floor right now (if ever). The thing is, the floor isn't too bad. It's been all pitted and scarred from water, but no cracks or anything. I'm hoping when the new perimeter drainage is installed it will eliminate some of the moisture.

What can I use to seal the concrete? I'd like to maybe put carpet down. Can you tell me an exact product to use, and any other materials to layer accordingly? Everyone says use a vapor barrier, is that just a high-mil plastic sheet? How is it secured? What would you guys do?

Here's a pic. It's not as bad as it seems. The basement was dry all except for this one time I took the pic: