Note: The Military Manual (1988) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (see below) was adopted in its entirety by Article 12 of the Law on the Application of the Constitution of the Republika Srpska. According to the Report on the Practice of the Republika Srpska, it was applied in the context of the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Report on the Practice of Republika Srpska, 1997, Chapter 1.1.

Military Instructions (1992)

Instructions on the Implementation of the International Law of War in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Official Gazette of ABiH, No. 2/92, 5 December 1992.

Canadian Joint Force Somalia: Rules of Engagement Operation Deliverance, completed on 11 December 1992, reprinted in James M. Simpson, Law Applicable to Canadian Forces in Somalia 1992/93. A study prepared for the Commission of Inquiry into the Deployment of Canadian Forces to Somalia, Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Ottawa, 1997, Appendix, pp. 73–80.

LOAC Manual (1999)

The Law of Armed Conflict at the Operational and Tactical Level, Office of the Judge Advocate General, 1999.

Code of Conduct (2001)

Code of Conduct for CF Personnel, Office of the Judge Advocate General, 4 June 2001.

LOAC Manual (2001)

The Law of Armed Conflict at the Operational and Tactical Levels, Office of the Judge Advocate General, 13 August 2001.

Prisoner of War Handling and Detainees Manual (2004)

Prisoner of War Handling, Detainees, Interrogation and Tactical Questioning in International Operations, B-GJ-005-110/FP-020, National Defence Headquarters, 1 August 2004.

Code of Conduct After Capture Manual (2004)

The Code of Conduct After Capture for the Canadian Forces, B-GJ-005-110/FP-010, National Defence Headquarters, 28 October 2004.

Code of Conduct (2005)

Code of Conduct for CF Personnel, Office of the Judge Advocate General, 2005.

Use of Force Manual (2008)

Use of Force for CF Operations, Canadian Forces Joint Publication, Chief of the Defence Staff, B-GJ-005-501/FP-001, August 2008.

The Central African Republic’s Instructor’s Manual (1999) contains the following caveat in the Introduction to Chapter 1 of Fascicule No. 2: “This chapter offers a summary of the essential rules of IHL. These rules do not carry the authority of an international legal instrument and are not intended to replace existing treaties. Their sole purpose is to facilitate dissemination of international humanitarian law.” For the impact of such a caveat on the relevance of the manual for the formation of customary international humanitarian law, see the references included under the Sources page of the database (Section III. Military Manuals).

Order on Re-promulgation of the Three Main Rules of Discipline and the Eight Points for Attention by the Headquarters of the PLA, 10 October 1947, in Selected Works of Mao Zedong, Vol. 4, The People’s Press, p. 1241.

France’s LOAC Manual (2001) contains the following caveat in its Preamble: “This manual only has indicative value and can in no case be considered as a reference text having legal force.” For the impact of such a caveat on the relevance of the military manuals for the formation of customary international humanitarian law, see the relevant links contained on the Sources cover page of the database at http://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/src (Section III. Military Manuals).

Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts – Manual, DSK VV207320067, edited by The Federal Ministry of Defence of the Federal Republic of Germany, VR II 3, August 1992, English translation of ZDv 15/2, HumanitäresVölkerrecht in bewaffnetenKonflikten – Handbuch, August 1992. This manual was superseded by Law of Armed Conflict - Manual, Joint Service Regulation (ZDv) 15/2, DSK AV230100262, Federal Ministry of Defence, Berlin, 1 May 2013, English version of ZDv 15/2, HumanitäresVölkerrecht in bewaffnetenKonflikten - Handbuch, 1 May 2013.

Note: According to the Report on the Practice of Nigeria, in areas not covered by domestic legislation and manuals, resort is made to the UK Military Manual, which is applied as Nigerian law either “as an unrepealed statute of general application or because the content of the rules have become crystallized as part of common law or international customary law of war”. Report on the Practice of Nigeria, 1997, Introduction, p. 2.

Operational Code of Conduct (1967)

Operational Code of Conduct for Nigerian Armed Forces, Federal Military Government of Nigeria, July 1967.

Note: According to a naval officer interviewed for the Report on the Practice of the Philippines, in the absence of an updated military manual, the Armed Forces of the Philippines follow the laws of war as applied by the United States of America, Report on the Practice of the Philippines, 1997, Chapter 2.9, Footnote 28.

Military Directive to Commanders (1988)

Protection and Rehabilitation of Innocent Civilians Affected by AFP Counterinsurgency Operations, Directive to Commanders of Major Services and Area Commands, Office of the Chief of Staff, General Headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Ministry of National Defense, 15 July 1988.

Handbook on Discipline (1989)

Handbook on Discipline, Armed Forces of the Philippines, 1989.

Military Instructions (1989)

Safety of Innocent Civilians and Treatment of the Wounded and Dead, Directive to Commanders of Major Services and Area Commands, Office of the Chief of Staff, General Headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Ministry of National Defence, 6 September 1989.

Rules for Combatants (1989)

Rules for Combatants, in Handbook on Discipline, Annex C(II), General Headquarters, Armed Forces of the Philippines, Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, 1989.

Implementation Guidelines for Presidential Memorandum Order No. 393, dated 9 September 1991, Directing the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippines National Police to Reaffirm their Adherence to the Principles of Humanitarian Law and Human Rights in the Conduct of Security/Police Operations, Joint Circular Number 2-91, Department of National Defense, Department of Interior and Local Government, 1991.

Air Power Manual, Philippine Air Force, Headquarters, Office of Special Studies, May 2000.

AFP Standing Rules of Engagement (2005)

Armed Forces of the Philippines Standing Rules of Engagement (AFP SROE), General Headquarters, Armed Forces of the Philippines, Office of the Chief of Staff, Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City, 1 December 2005.

Philippine Army Soldier’s Handbook on Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law (2006)

Philippine Army Soldier’s Handbook on Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law, A Practical Guide for Internal Security Operations, 2006.

Poland

Code of Honour of the Professional Soldier (2008)

Obwieszczenie Ministra Obrony Narodowej z dnia 3 marca 2008 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia “Kodeksu Honorowego Żołnierza Zawodowego Wojska Polskiego” (The Code of Honour of the Professional Soldier of the Polish Armed Forces, adopted by the Assembly of Trustees of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, 17 October 2006, promulgated by the Minister of National Defence on 3 March 2008), published in the Official Gazette of the Ministry of National Defence, No. 5, Item 55, 26 March 2008.

Prisoner of War Handling Procedures (2009)

Norma Obronna NO-02-A020:2000, Procedurypostępowania z jeńcamiwojennymi(Prisoner of War Handling Procedures, Defence Standard NO-02-A020:2000), enacted by decision No. 134/MON related to the Approval and Enforcement of Regulatory Instruments in Respect of State Defence and Security, 21 April 2009, published in the Official Gazette of the Ministry of National Defence, No. 8, Item 99, April 2009.

Procedures Governing the Interment of Soldiers Killed in Action (2009)

Norma Obronna NO-02-A053:2004, DziałaniawojenneProcedurypochówkupoległychizmarłych (Procedures Governing the Interment of Soldiers Killed in Action, Defence Standard NO-020-A053:2004),enacted by decision No. 134/MON related to the Approval and Enforcement of Regulatory Instruments in Respect of State Defence and Security, 21 April 2009, published in the Official Gazette of the Ministry of National Defence, No. 8, Item 99, April 2009.

Republic of Korea

Military Regulation 187 (1991)

Military Regulation 187, 1 January 1991.

Military Operations Law of War Compliance Regulation (1993)

Military Operations Law of War Compliance Regulation, Regulation No. 525-8, 1 November 1993, Statute 525-8 of United Nations Command/Combined Force Command (UNC/CFC), Statute of Observing Laws of War of 15 December 1988.

Regulation for Compliance with the Laws of War (1994)

Regulation for Compliance with the Laws of War, promulgated as Army Regulation 187, 1 April 1994.

Instructions on the Application of the Rules of International Humanitarian Law by the Armed Forces of the USSR, Appendix to Order of the USSR Defence Minister No. 75, 1990.

Regulations on the Application of IHL (2001)

Regulations on the Application of International Humanitarian Law by the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Nastavlenie po mezhdunarodnomu gumanitarnomu pravu dlya Vooruzhennyh Sil Rossiiskoi Federatsii), Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 8 August 2001.

Combat Manual (2005)

Combat Manual on the Preparation and Conducting of Combined-Arms Battles (Boevoi ustav po podgotovke i vedeniu obshevoiskovogo boya), Part 3, Platoon, Subdivision, Tank, endorsed by Order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces No. 19, 24 February 2005.

Disciplinary Regulations (2007)

Disciplinary Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Disciplinarniy ustav vooruzhennikh sil Rossiskoi Federacii),approved by Decree No. 1495 of the President of the Russian Federation, 10 November 2007.

Internal Service Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (2007)

Internal Service Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Ustav vnutrennei sluzhbi vooruzhennikh sil Rossiskoi Federacii), approved by Decree No. 1495 of the President of the Russian Federation, 10 November 2007.

abrogated by The Ten Basic Rules of the Law of Armed Conflict, Aide-memoire 51.007/IIIe, Swiss Army, issued based on Article 10 of the Ordinance for Organisation of the Federal Department for Defence, Civil Protection and Sports dated 7 March 2003, entry into force on 1 July 2005.

abrogated by Bases légales du comportement à l’engagement (BCE), Règlement51.007/IVf, Swiss Army, issued based on Article 10 of the Ordinance on the Organization of the Federal Department for Defence, Civil Protection and Sports of 7 March 2003, entry into force on 1 July 2005.

Aide-Memoire on the Ten Basic Rules of the Law of Armed Conflict (2005)

The Ten Basic Rules of the Law of Armed Conflict, Aide-memoire 51.007/IIIe, Swiss Army, issued based on Article 10 of the Ordinance for Organization of the Federal Department for Defence, Civil Protection and Sports dated 7 March 2003, entry into force on 1 July 2005.

Regulation on Legal Bases for Conduct during an Engagement (2005)

Bases légales du comportement à l’engagement (BCE), Règlement51.007/IVf, Swiss Army, issued based on Article 10 of the Ordinance on the Organization of the Federal Department for Defence, Civil Protection and Sports of 7 March 2003, entry into force on 1 July 2005.

Regulation on Ten Basic Rules for the Protection of Cultural Property (2013)

Ten Basic Rules for the Protection of Cultural Property, Regulation 51.007.05e, issued on the basis of Article 10 of the Ordinance on the Organization of the Federal Department for Defence, Civil Protection and Sports of 7 March 2003 (date of signature), signed on 21 March 2013, entry into force on 1 July 2013.

Tajikistan

Order on Law of Armed Conflict Curriculum (1997)

Order No. 566 on the Inclusion of the Subject “Law of Armed Conflict” in the Curriculum of the Republican Specialised Boarding School No. 1 in Dushanbe, 1 October 1997.

Order No. 148 on Law of Armed Conflict Courses (1997)

Order No. 148 on the Implementation of the “Law of Armed Conflict” Courses at the Military Chairs of Civilian Institutions of Higher Education, at the S. Safarov Tajik Higher Military College and at the Military Schools of the Republic of Tajikistan, Ministry of Defence, 8 August 1997.

Order No. 554 on Law of Armed Conflict Courses (1997)

Order No. 554 on the Implementation of the “Law of Armed Conflict” Courses at the Military Chairs of Civilian Institutions of Higher Education of the Republic of Tajikistan, 24 September 1997.

Manual of Internal Service of the Armed Forces (2001)

Manual of Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Tajikistan, endorsed by the Decree of the MadjilsiNamoyandagon of Madjlisi Oli [Parliament] of the Republic of Tajikistan no. 273 of 4 April 2001 and promulgated by the Order of the Minister of Defence of the Republic of Tajikistan no. 3 of 2 May 2001.

Manual on the Application of the Rules of International Humanitarian Law in the Armed Forces of the Ukraine, Manual Order 400, Ministry of Defence, Kiev, 11 September 2004.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Military Manual (1958)

The Law of War on Land being Part III of the Manual of Military Law, The War Office, HMSO, 1958.

LOAC Pamphlet (1981)

The Law of Armed Conflict, D/DAT/13/35/66, Army Code 71130 (Revised 1981), Ministry of Defence, prepared under the Direction of The Chief of the General Staff, 1981.

LOAC Manual (2004)

The Manual of the Law of Armed Conflict, Ministry of Defence, 1 July 2004.

as amended by Amendment 2, Ministry of Defence, July 2007;

as amended by Amendment 3, Ministry of Defence, September 2010.;

United States of America

Field Manual (1956)

Field Manual 27-10, The Law of Land Warfare, US Department of the Army, 18 July 1956, as modified by Change No. 1, 15 July 1976.

Rules of Engagement for the Vietnam War (1971)

Rules of Engagement for the Employment of Firepower in the Republic of Viet-Nam, US Military Assistance Command Viet-Nam, Directive No. 525-13, May 1971, unclassified contents reprinted in Eleanor C. McDowell, Digest of United States Practice in International Law, 1975, US Department of State Publication 8865, Washington, D.C., 1976, pp. 814–815.

Air Force Pamphlet (1976)

Air Force Pamphlet 110-31, International Law – The Conduct of Armed Conflict and Air Operations, US Department of the Air Force, 1976.

Code of Conduct (1979)

Code of the US Fighting Force, American Forces Information Service, Department of Defence, 1979.

Air Force Commander’s Handbook (1980)

Air Force Pamphlet 110-34, Commander’s Handbook on the Law of Armed Conflict, Judge Advocate General, US Department of the Air Force, 25 July 1980.

Soldier’s Manual (1984)

Your Conduct in Combat under the Law of War, Publication No. FM 27-2, Headquarters Department of the Army, Washington, November 1984.

Instructor’s Guide (1985)

Instructor’s Guide – The Law of War, Headquarters Department of the Army, Washington, April 1985.

Health Service Manual (1991)

Field Manual 8–10, Health Service Support in a Theatre of Operations, Department of the Army Headquarters, 1 March 1991.

Rules of Engagement for Operation Desert Storm (1991)

Desert Storm – Rules of Engagement, Pocket Card, US Central Command, January 1991, reprinted in Operational Law Handbook, International and Operational Law Department, The Judge Advocate General’s School, United States Army, Charlottesville, Virginia, 1995, pp. 8-7 and 8-8.

Operational Law Handbook (1993)

Operational Law Handbook, JA 422, Center for Law and Military Operations and International Law Division, The Judge Advocate General’s School, United States Army, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-1781, 1993.

Naval Handbook (1995)

The Commander’s Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations, NWP 1-14M/MCWP 5-2.1/COMDTPUB P5800.7, issued by the Department of the Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and Headquarters, US Marine Corps, and Department of Transportation, US Coast Guard, October 1995 (formerly NWP 9 (Rev. A)/FMFM 1-10, October 1989).

Annotated Supplement to the Naval Handbook (1997)

Annotated Supplement to the Commander’s Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations, prepared by the Oceans Law and Policy Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, November 1997.

Manual for Military Commissions (2007)

Manual for Military Commissions, published in implementation of the Military Commissions Act of 2006, 10 U.S.C. §§ 948a, et seq., 18 January 2007.

Naval Handbook (2007)

The Commander’s Handbook on the Law of Naval Operations, NWP 1-14M/MCWP 5-12.1/COMDTPUB P5800.7, issued by the Department of the Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations and Headquarters, US Marine Corps, and Department of Homeland Security, US Coast Guard, July 2007.

Manual for Military Commissions, published in implementation of Chapter 47A of Title 10, United States Code, as amended by the Military Commissions Act of 2009, 10 U.S.C, §§ 948a, et seq., 27 April 2010.