Qarmatians, continued...

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 590.

"Qarmitians. Derogatory name given to an Ismaili secret revolutionary organization that demanded social reform and justice based on equality. They were 'Seveners'... The movement began in southern Arabia in the ninth century A.D., spread by intensive missionary efforts to many regions of the Muslim world, and was of significance until the end of the eleventh century. "

Qarmatians

world

-

-

-

-

900 C.E.

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 635.

"Also important were the beliefs of the Khattabiyya, followers of Abu al-Khattab Muhammad ibn Abi Zaynab al-Asadi al-Kufi, who seems to have shaped the Qarmatian doctrines of the esoteric interpretation of the Qur'an and the transference of spiritual authority. Abu al-Khattab, who was al-Sadiq's disciple in Kufa... "

Qarmatians

world

-

-

-

-

900 C.E.

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 635.

"The Qarmatians were probably an offshoot of a [Sab'iyya/Sevener] group called Mubarakiyya, who regareded Isma'il's son Muhammad as successor to his grandfather al-Sadiq... The Qarmatians differed from the Mubarakiyya in maintaining that prophecy ended with Muhammad, and that there would be seven imams after him, ending with Muhammad bin Isma'il... "

Qarmatians

world

-

-

-

-

909 C.E.

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 636.

"Dissemination of the Sab'iyya [Sevener] doctrines in different parts of the Muslim world resulted in the appearance of the revolutionary governments of the Qarmatians, Fatimids, Assassins, and other Ismaili groups. "

Crim, Keith (ed.). The Perennial Dictionary of World Religions. San Francisco: Harper Collins (1989). Reprint; originally pub. as Abingdon Dictionary of Living Religions, 1981; pg. 267.

"Of the nearly 200,000 Friends in the world in 1978, 121,000 were in the U.S., 20,000 in Great Britain, 45,000 in Africa (F.U.M. converts)... "

Quaker

Africa

43,000

-

-

-

1987

Bishop, Peter & Michael Darton (editors). The Encyclopedia of World Faiths: An Illustrated Survey of the World's Living Faiths. New York: Facts on File Publications (1987); pg. 134.

"At present there are nearly 142,000 Friends in the Americas, approaching 43,000 in Africa, some 18,000 in Great Britain, and smaller groups in other areas including Australia and New Zeland, most of the countries of northern Europe, India, Taiwan and Japan. "

Quaker

Africa - East

32,000

-

-

-

1969

Bacon, Margaret H. The Quiet Rebels: The Story of the Quakers in America; New York: Basic Books (1969); pg. 178.

"The effort was so startlingly successful that today there are some 32,000 Quakers in East Africa, chiefly in Kenya, with seventy-six monthly and fourteen quarterly meetings. East Africa Yearly Meeting is the largest in the world. "

"...a large part of the population [are Roman Catholic]. However, there are other religious groups. The first Anglican Church in Central America was formed at San Jose, and there is a prospering colony of Quakers from the U.S. at Monteverde de Guacinial. "

Table A.1: "Denominational Percentages by Colony, 1776, Based on Number of Congregations "; Total num. of congreg. = 211. Denominational % (10.9%) multiplied by state's adherence rate from table on pg. 27: 17%. [Figure for whites calculated separately for southern states where large numbers of black slaves, few of whom were religiously affiliated at this time; otherwise southern denominational % figures are skewed lower.]

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