Curators: Anna E. Wilkens and Andreas Wolf with support from Karen Koltermann

In the exhibition, 43 artists take a variety of relations between animals, humans among them, into focus. These relations are, for example, love, prey, chance encounters, genetic hybridisation, classifying in zoological taxonomies, identifying, comparison (anthropomorphisms) and mystification.

Photos from the Opening

Menagerie

Text: Anna E. Wilkens

‘Menageries’ – courtly collections of animals (16th to 18th century), similar to Cabinets of Curiosity, in which animals were ‘displayed’ for reasons of being ‘exotic’ – are precursors to the modern zoo. The zoo, developed in the 19th century, relies on taxonomies that stem from the 18th century. These taxonomies are part of the modern scientific paradigm: zoos belong to modernity; menageries are pre-modern.

To the present day, the word ‘menagerie’ in German has undergone a shift of meaning, nowadays it signifies (in figurative use) a random and unsystematic collection of items or people. The example in the online edition of Duden, the German spelling authority for this usage is: ‘a whole menagerie of artists was present’.

The exhibition’s title points to the process of assembling the works: between curatorial concept and serendipity, and it furthermore emphatically stresses historicity: different historical stages in occidental human discourse on animals, especially post-medieval.

Human Animal Studies: Animal Turn

Reflection on prejudices and assumptions pertaining to one’s own historical standpoint have increased considerably in contemporary (cultural studies) discourse on animals in the last four decades, and even more so since the beginning of the 21st century.

Tentatively this can even be called a paradigm shift (according to Kuhn), a change in thought that goes beyond a turn; a turn being understood as a change of perspective in one academic discipline, while at the same time broadening the scope through working interdisciplinary. The Animal Turn is one in a whole menagerie of turns (linguistic, cultural, spatial, corporeal, emotional, material, iconic etc.). All of these share the common trait of liberating thought from the Cartesian epistemological paradigm that is based on dichotomies: res cogitans and res extensa, spirit and body, and based on this primary dichotomy there are culture and nature, human and animal, man and woman, and the analogously construed proximity of ‘culture/human/male versus nature/animal/woman, which still hasn’t been overcome completely’ (Carola Sachse).

Plurality – Relationality

The new paradigm holds that entities, of any kind, ‘do not pre-exist their relatings’ (Donna Haraway). For example Hannah Arendt states that the world we inhabit is in the ‘between’, that which exists between people (for Arendt always people, not animals), and that humans always and from the beginning have existed in the plural, as more than one – contrary to German philosophical Idealism, according to which each and every subject is basically the same (all individuals ‘function’ in the same way and therefore don’t exist in plurality, only in the plural).

The notion of world as plurality we find for example in Universal Pragmatism (Habermas), in Praxeology, Actor Network Theory and Relationalism. We are what we are in and through our relations with each other, animals included.

Agency: Animals as Acting Entities

Humans, in the course of emphasising relations as the cornerstone of all existence, recently began to acknowledge agency in beings formerly perceived as things or thing-like objects, not capable of acting. The possibility of perceiving animals as acting beings relies on a changed concept of action: action is no longer seen as being necessarily linked to intention, nor having an intention as prerequisite. Actions do not have to be conscious and purposeful to be called actions. So we can conceive of interactions as actions without these actions mandatorily being intentional. Animals are capable of agency and they have a whole lot of different relationships with humans (human animals). Or: humans and other animals interact.

In the traditional world view, first there was man (definitely in the singular, one man, since all specimen are basically the same), than ‘he’ (the exemplary human is always male) domesticated animals and subdued the world.

Contrary to this notion, the re-interpretation of historical relations between humans and other animals begins at the beginning of humanity; for example, dogs are no longer perceived as domesticated wolfs, but wolfs and early humans shaped alliances, cooperating in ways that were of fundamental importance for homo becoming human and wolf becoming dog. Without each other, they wouldn’t be what they are or they wouldn’t even be at all.

The works in the exhibition-zoo are grouped according to those relations of humans and other animals that we can see in them. The assemblages of works are called “compounds”, “enclosures”, “houses” etc., like in a zoo. There are of course more possible relations than are shown in the exhibition.Compound of Friendship; Compound of Chance Encounters; Homage to a Species; Compound of Taxonomies; House of Relatives; Enclosure of Identification of Humans with Other Animals; Cage of Preparation; Enclosure of Humans Hunting other Animals; Compound of Animals as Shapes in Art; Dreamlike Encounters/Suspension of Hierarchies between Humans and Other Animals.
Some animals have left their compounds or are running around the zoo as strays or wild animals.

Four bears are having a good time and drinking beer. It is a night when one of the bears is celebrating the birth of his child. The bear is like a totem animal for me. It is a very mythical animal here in Finland. There is also a very old myth of a woman and a bear having a love affair.

The motif (animal) in the picture is a small bird I found dead in my front yard. Probably killed by our cat.

1977, I was in Kenya at the Masai Mara enormous animal free roaming preserve. On my way there at night I spotted an animal ahead in my headlights and quickly took a picture of this cheetah/Gepard. I continued on to my first night at the camping centre. Sleeping in a tent was difficult. I kept hearing lions roar behind it, nearby.
It was only in the light of morning that I saw that a large metal chain fence surrounded the entire camp.

I’d like to sing you a lullaby
about hedgehog
anteater and crayfish
and share my life with you
but you know I am just a dreamer

basically a small good-humored sculpture with big eyes, but the truth is that it has a high risk becoming extinct in the near future.

I was stressed and was told that I need to let go of control and swim around playfully, get my fish as the otter. The dove told me to slow down, pause and breathe – which felt quite stressful.

PERFORMANCE VOYAGE 6 Tour

The videos for this year’s Performance Voyage have been published and the project has started its world tour. The collection is a series of international video performances produced by Artists’ Association MUU. The premiere exhibition at the Finnish Institute in Stockholm was festively opened on the 10th of March.

The next screening will be held on the 18th of April in the Projektraum TOOLBOX – Finnish-German Art Space, Berlin, Germany.

The tour compilation of 14 video performances will be shown as a part of the international Index Performance Festival. The spring season’s other tour locations include Wrocław.

The works in Performance Voyage 6 were chosen from submissions received in response to an international open call. The theme Future/Tomorrow inspired artists to explore our ever receding future and search for thing as-yet-to-be, whether future hopes or dystopias of desperation. How do we see the future? What hopes, fears and expectations does it awaken in us? Artists around the world were invited to send in their visions of the future, which could be the literal tomorrow, the world in the year 2050, or something inexplicably far away from us both in time and in space.

The works were selected by a jury composed of Annette Arlander (artist and professor), Juha-Heikki Tihinen (curator, Pro Artibus Foundation) and Timo Soppela (director, MUU).

PERFORMANCE VOYAGE SINCE 2011 – The Performance Voyage project was launched in 2011 as an ancillary event of the Amorph! festival. Since then it has become a staple part of the annual project operations of MUU, and it has increased in prominence every year. The purpose of the Performance Voyage project is also to record and document transitory performances and thereby to extend their life also beyond the moment itself.