Correlated quantum systems in low dimensions show fascinating properties that distinguish them from their three dimensional counterparts as a consequence of the enhancement of quantum fluctuations. Interacting fermions and bosons in one-dimension (1D) can exhibit many exotic phases of matter. Although short-range interacting particles in 1D are rather well understood, much less is known for long-range interacting systems.Seminal efforts are underway in the control of artificial quantum systems to simulate arbitrary model Hamiltonians which are now barely accessible to classical computation methods. Ultra-cold dipolar or Rydberg atoms can realize Bose or Fermi gases with long-range interactions.