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6.
• Standard methods for monitoring stream and groundwater conditions typically occur at a small set of geographic points at frequent time intervals• Field mapping approaches can effectively quantify longitudinal connectivity but are limited by the frequency of visitsChallenges to mapping flow permanenceTurner and Richter (2011)1999 ….. 2010

19.
• Considerable spatial and temporal variability in flow permanence is not captured by simple “perennial” or “intermittent” stream types• Network‐mapping of flow continuity and connectivity over time can provide important insight into habitat permeability and corridors for animal movement• Climate‐induced stream drying and loss of flow connectivity is highly probable• Enhanced field monitoring coupled with hydrologic models provide the opportunity to forecast the vulnerable of temporary streams to increased water scarcity in the Madrean Sky IslandsConclusions