scar treatment

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is the use of a single high dose of radiation, stereotactically directed to an intracranial region of interest, in order to create a lesion or obliterate a preexisting one. This technology has evolved over the years into the use of multiple radiation sources oriented at a variety of angles, thus permitting the creation of various treatment target shapes. This allows for non-open surgical treatment of intracranial pathologies, which significantly decreases the risk of morbidity...

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a disorder marked by skin and mucosal blistering after minimal trauma. Even the most routine procedures in the hospital, if done incorrectly, can precipitate extensive skin loss, pain, and scarring. Most providers have little experience working with patients with this degree of skin fragility. When a person with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is admitted to the hospital, there are multiple considerations to keep in mind while strategizing an effective care plan: avoidance of new blisters with a "hands-off" approach; careful consideration of all indwelling devices; symptomatic management of pain, itch, and anxiety; coordination of dressing changes; aggressive treatment of skin infections; environmental and staffing considerations; and awareness of other chronic complications that affect care, such as anemia, malnutrition, and chronic pain...

BACKGROUND: Because of irreversible outcome of the lichen planopilaris(LPP), systemic therapy should be used in early inflammatory stages of the disease, without allowing the irreversible scar formation and permanent hair loss. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy and safety of methotrexate(MTX) and cyclosporine A (CsA) in the management of recalcitrant, extensive LPP and compared their efficacy and safety profile. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the 16 LPP cases treated with either CsA or MTX therapy...

BACKGROUND: The impairment of the appearance is a major problem for patients with carcinomas of the oral cavity. These patients want to recover their preoperative facial appearance. Some do not realize that this is not always possible and hence develop a desire for further cosmetic and reconstructive surgery (CRS) which often causes psychological problems. METHOD: The desire of patients for CRS (N = 410; 26%) has been acquired in this DÖSAK rehab study including multiple reasons such as medical, functional, aesthetic and psychosocial aspects...

Pyoderma gangrenosum is a very rare, non-infectious leukocytic dermatosis, which is often associated with an underlying systemic disease. It is usually diagnosed based on the apparent clinical findings and by excluding other causes of ulcerative skin diseases. Treatment modality includes the use of systemic steroids and oral steroids. Immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil, can also be added if it fails to respond to steroids. We report a case of pyoderma gangrenosum in an 85-year-old female who presented in the inpatient facility with rapidly enlarging necrotic, ulcerative lesions with accompanying fever...

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease occurring in women. Conservative breast cancer surgery followed by radiation therapy is currently the standard treatment for this type of cancer. The majority of metastases occur within the scar, which initiated a series of studies. As a result, clinical trials aimed to assess whether localized radiotherapy, as intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), may more effective in inhibiting the formation of local recurrence compared with the standard postoperative whole breast radiotherapy...

Infectious keratitis is a major global cause of visual impairment and blindness, often affecting marginalized populations. Proper diagnosis of the causative organism is critical, and although culture remains the prevailing diagnostic tool, newer techniques such as in vivo confocal microscopy are helpful for diagnosing fungus and Acanthamoeba. Next-generation sequencing holds the potential for early and accurate diagnosis even for organisms that are difficult to culture by conventional methods. Topical antibiotics remain the best treatment for bacterial keratitis, and a recent review found all commonly prescribed topical antibiotics to be equally effective...

Severe burn injuries are the most traumatic and physically debilitating injuries affecting nearly every organ system and leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Early burn wound excision and skin grafting are common clinical practices that have significantly improved the outcomes for severe burn injured patients by reducing mortality rate and days of hospital stay. However, slow wound healing, infection, pain, and hypertrophic scarring continue to remain a major challenge in burn research and management...

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery is considered to be the gold standard treatment for nephrectomy in children. In recent decades it has been proposed that laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery is a feasible alternative to perform laparoscopic nephrectomies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare the safety and efficacy of LESS against conventional laparoscopic (CL) nephrectomy. STUDY DESIGN: From March 2010 to November 2012 charts of pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy at our tertiary center were revised...

Laser treatment for posttraumatic injury offers the clinician the unique opportunity for early intervention in mediating early scar formation, or for reducing the appearance of scars after maturation. In this review, the authors focus on the mechanisms by which lasers exert their therapeutic effects, highlighting several popular lasers and dosimetry used, and underscoring the power of combined surgical scar revision in managing posttraumatic facial scars.

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) is a common and progressive form of lymphocyte predominant scarring alopecia which impacts negatively on the quality of life of those affected. It is seen more commonly in women of African descent with prevalence ranging from 2.7% to 5.7%. Current postulates include genetic inheritance, with traction inducing hairstyling practices and hair chemicals as aggravating factors. Histology reveals a perifollicular lymphocytic inflammation of the lower infundibulum, premature desquamation of the inner root sheath, and fibrous connective tissue...

Alginate is a natural rich anionic polysaccharide (APS), commonly available as calcium alginate (CAPS). It can maintain a physiologically moist microenvironment, which minimises bacterial infection and facilitates wound healing at a wound site. Patients with burn injuries suffer from pain and an inflammatory response. In this study, we evaluated the CAPS dressing and traditional dressing containing carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for wound healing and scar tissue formation in a burn model of rat and swine. In our pilot study of a burn rat model to evaluate inflammatory response and wound healing, we found that the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were up-regulated in the CAPS treatment group...

Folliculitis decalvans (FD) is classified as a primary neutrophilic cicatricial alopecia, and is estimated to account for approximately 10% of all cases of primary cicatricial alopecia. The role of dysfunctional immune activity and the presence of bacteria, particularly Staphylococcus aureus, appear pivotal. We describe a 26-year-old man with a 4-year history of FD that was recalcitrant to numerous systemic and topical therapies, whose disease was virtually cleared during a follow-up of 25 months following a course of treatment with systemic photodynamic therapy (PDT) using ultraviolet light (100-140 J/cm(2) ) with porfimer sodium 1 mg/kg as monotherapy...

BACKGROUND: The scar that occurs after cleft lip surgery poses a serious cosmetic problem. One of the methods used to solve this problem in adult male patients is hair transplantation. However, satisfactory results with this method cannot always be achieved due to possible graft loss. The corrective feature of fat grafting has been reported in many studies. The aim of this report is to share our results with hair transplantation combined with fat grafting in patients with cleft lip. METHODS: This study included 20 patients who had both a scar and alopecia in the cleft lip area...

The treatment has been improved on the accurate reduction of blow-out fracture for many decades. But still, it has been limited to reduce completely when surgeons are approaching by conventional technique. The authors analyzed the postoperative results using computed tomography (CT) scans after conventional open reduction of isolated medial wall fracture. Thirty-seven patients with isolated medial wall fracture were reviewed. All patients underwent preoperative, immediate, and postoperative CT scans. Two surgeons have performed the surgery by conventional open reduction with transcaruncular approach and absorbable mesh insertion...

Distraction osteogenesis has proven effective in the management of tibial bone loss from severe trauma and infection. Unfortunately, pain and scarring from wires and half pins dragging through the skin and the required prolonged time in the external fixator make treatment difficult. Cable bone transport has been shown to improve cosmesis and decrease pain during transport. However, the published methods have limitations in that they have poor control of transport segment alignment, do not allow for lengthening of the limb, and do not permit weight bearing during the treatment process...

OBJECTIVE: Becker's nevus (BN) is a benign cutaneous hamartoma. Although different types of lasers have been used to treat the pigmentary part of BN, to date, no definite treatment modality has been determined. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of erbium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) laser treatment among Saudi patients with BN. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of 10 patients (skin phototypes III-V) with BN underwent treatment with an Er: YAG laser...

BACKGROUND: Cervical disc disease is a common and occasionally disabling condition, occurring as a natural consequence of aging in the vast majority of the adult population. Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) has been used to deliver highly concentrated drugs for chronic neck pain and to prevent scarring in cases refractory to conventional epidural blocks. However, the clinical course after PEN in cervical disc disease is not well-documented. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of cervical PEN for single-level cervical disc disease...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of microRNA564 (miR-564) in the development of hypertrophic scar and investigate the possible mechanism of this process. METHODS: The hypertrophic scar (HS) tissues and adjacent normal skin (NS) tissues were selected from 10 patients. The fibrosis-related proteins were detected via hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemical detection. The relative expression difference of miR-564 in NS tissues and HS tissues was detected via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)...