Section for Otorhinolaryngologyhttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/964
Sun, 02 Aug 2015 20:46:35 GMT2015-08-02T20:46:35ZChoice of psychological coping in laryngectomized, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients versus multiple sclerosis patientshttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/4566
Choice of psychological coping in laryngectomized, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients versus multiple sclerosis patients
Aarstad, Anne Kari Hersvik; Lode, Kirsten; Larsen, Jan Petter; Bru, Edvin; Aarstad, Hans Jørgen
Peer reviewed; Journal article
To be treated for cancer must be a frightening experience. Yet quality of life (QoL) of successfully treated cancer patients seems to be relatively similar in comparison with QoL of a general population, with psychological coping partly responsible for this finding. When measuring choice of coping, the nature of coping score levels constituting appropriate scores, and whether score levels rely on the context of the disease has not been settled. We have studied the COPE coping responses as related to disease in successfully treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient groups (general and laryngectomized), as well as compared to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The COPE response patterns have also been compared to the Beck depression inventory (BDI) scores. Age and gender of patients were not directly associated with choice of coping. Within the problem-focused coping indexes, the coping index “active coping” was reported to be most utilized among HNSCC patients, whereas “coping by suppression” and “coping by social support” were most utilized among MS patients. Emotional-focused coping was most prevalent among HNSCC patients and lowest among the MS patients. Level of avoidance coping was similar between the groups. The coping of the general HNSCC patients differed most from the MS patients. An association was shown between increased coping efforts and lowered mood. In particular, avoidance coping was associated with lowered mood. These associations were stronger among the MS patients than HNSCC patients. Drinking to cope was most prevalent among the laryngectomized group, and was correlated with BDI scores in all groups. Furthermore, adequate coping seems to be to limit avoidance coping and promote coping by acceptance. The response pattern of the COPE inventory seems to be valid among HNSCC and MS patients.
Thu, 18 Nov 2010 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/45662010-11-18T00:00:00ZParenteral Vaccination against Influenza Does Not Induce a Local Antigen-Specific Immune Response in the Nasal Mucosahttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/3452
Parenteral Vaccination against Influenza Does Not Induce a Local Antigen-Specific Immune Response in the Nasal Mucosa
Brokstad, Karl Albert; Eriksson, Jens-Christian Haug; Cox, Rebecca Jane; Tynning, Turid Liv; Olofsson, Jan; Jonsson, Roland; Davidsson, Åke
Journal article; Peer reviewed
The immune response in the nasal mucosa to influenza vaccination in 23 patients scheduled for
tonsillectomy was studied. A statistically significant increase in influenza virus–specific serum
and oral fluid antibodies was observed 7 days after vaccination. The numbers of influenza virus–
specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in peripheral blood also increased significantly 1 week
after vaccination. The numbers of ASCs in tonsils and nasal mucosa were compared with data
from a recent study of nonvaccinated volunteers. The numbers of influenza virus–specific
ASCs in tonsils were significantly higher in the vaccinated group, but, surprisingly, there was
no significant difference between the groups in the numbers of ASCs in nasal mucosa. This
suggests that the influenza virus–specific antibodies detected in oral fluid are not produced locally
in the nasal mucosa and may originate from a systemic source, indicating that the vaccination
may favor a systemic immune response.
Tue, 19 Mar 2002 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/34522002-03-19T00:00:00ZInfluenza Vaccination with Focus on the Immunobiology of the Upper Respiratory Tracthttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/3451
Influenza Vaccination with Focus on the Immunobiology of the Upper Respiratory Tract
Eriksson, Jens-Christian Haug
Doctoral thesis
Fri, 28 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/34512008-11-28T00:00:00ZBakers’ rhinitis : diagnostic criteria, flour dust exposure, mucosal inflammation, IgE sensitization, and relation to lower airwayshttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/2648
Bakers’ rhinitis : diagnostic criteria, flour dust exposure, mucosal inflammation, IgE sensitization, and relation to lower airways
Storaas, Torgeir
Doctoral thesis
This thesis is the results of a cross-sectional epidemiological study undertaken in the period
from March 2000 to January 2002 on bakery workers in 6 bakeries in Bergen, Norway. The
aims were to study the consequences of different criteria for the diagnosis of occupational
rhinitis (OcR), assess the prevalence of IgE sensitization, and to explore the relationships
between OcR, upper and lower airway symptoms, IgE-sensitization, nasal indices of
inflammation, bronchial responsiveness, and flour dust exposure. We have taken into
account possible confounders such as age, gender, smoking, and baseline lung function, and
we also present an alternative continuous outcome estimate of bronchial responsiveness.
Bakery workers (n=197) were subjected to interviews, questionnaires, workplace dust
measurements, allergy tests, and nasal lavages with and without histamine provocation. The
criteria for the diagnosis of OcR were based on the International Consensus Report on
Rhinitis (ICR) from 1994. α2-Macroglobulin and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were
measured in nasal lavage fluid. Bronchial provocation test with metacholine was carried out
according to the American Thoracic Society’s guidelines. Bronchial responsiveness was
expressed as slopeconc, a measurement derived by regressing the percent reduction in FEV1 at
each provocation step.
The prevalence of OcR varied between 23 and 50% depending on the diagnostic criteria
used. OcR, both IgE- and non-IgE-mediated, was associated with asthma symptoms. The
most frequent causes of sensitization were various species of storage mites (20%). Storagemite
sensitization was related to both OcR and work exposure (production workers versus
administrative staff).
α2-Macroglobulin, ECP, and the exudative responsiveness to histamine increased
significantly with increasing workplace dust exposure (p≤ 0.035). Similar patterns were
seen in workers with OcR and with work related rhinitis symptoms, but occupational
sensitization was not a discriminating factor. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR)
expressed as slopeconc was associated with smoking (p=0.017) and asthma symptoms at work
(p=0.003), but not with IgE sensitization to occupational allergens (p=0.221) when we also
adjusted for baseline lung function. We demonstrated an association between ECP in nasal
lavage and BHR in a subgroup where BHR was defined as slopeconc < 3 (p=0.012). No
association was seen between bronchial responsiveness and current exposure level of flour
dust, nasal symptoms, and a diagnosis of OcR.
Using different diagnostic criteria have considerable consequences for the prevalence of
OcR. There is a strong relationship between OcR and lower airway symptoms. Storage mites
maybe important occupational allergens in Norwegian bakeries. OcR and occupational dust
exposure in bakery workers is associated with nasal eosinophilic exudative inflammation. In
contrast, occupational sensitization is not a discriminating factor with regard to nasal indices
of eosinophilic, exudative inflammation. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness measured by
metacholine provocation is related to baseline lung function, smoking, work related asthma
symptoms, and nasal eosinophil activity, but not to occupational IgE sensitization. The
slopeconc expression seems to be a useful continuous outcome in bronchial responsiveness
testing with metacholine.
Wed, 16 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/26482008-01-16T00:00:00ZExpression of biomarkers (p53, transforming growth factor alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-erbB-2/neu and the proliferative cell nuclear antigen) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomashttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/2138
Expression of biomarkers (p53, transforming growth factor alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-erbB-2/neu and the proliferative cell nuclear antigen) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Ibrahim, Salah Osman; Lillehaug, Johan; Johannessen, Anne Christine; Liavaag, P. G.; Nilsen, Rune; Vasstrand, Endre N.
Journal article; Peer reviewed
Using immunohistochemistry, expression of p53, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erbB-2/neu and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was examined in 26 fresh frozen tissue specimens of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). p53 gene mutations were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/DNA sequencing methods in 22 carcinomas. The findings were examined for correlations with patients’ clinicopathological parameters. Expressions of p53 and PCNA were also examined in 21 formalin-fixed corresponding tissues. Of the fresh frozen tissue specimens, 77% (20/26) showed expression and 68% (15/22) showed mutations (substitutions) of the p53, with significant clustering of the mutations in exons 5 (8/22; 36%), 7 (4/22; 18%) and 8 (5/22; 23%). No mutations were found in exon 6. There was a discordance between expression of p53 protein and mutations of the gene. Parallel to expression and mutations of the p53 found in most of the specimens, expression of TGF-α, EGFR, c-erbB-2/neu and PCNA was found in 88% (22/25), 92% (23/25), 58% (14/24) and 91% (21/23) of the specimens, respectively. For the formalin-fixed tissue specimens, 62% (13/21) and 90% (19/21) expressed p53 and PCNA, respectively. Examining for correlations with patients’ clinicopathological parameters, expression of p53, TGF-α, EGFR and c-erbB-2/neu seemed to negatively correlate with the increase of the tumour grade. The present work suggests that: (1) lack of negative growth regulation due to inactivation of the p53 gene together with activation of other proto-oncogenes are necessary genetic events in the carcinogenesis of oropharyngeal SCCs; (2) in oropharyngeal SCCs, p53 gene mutations were clustered in exons 5 (codons 130–186), 7 (codons 230–248) and 8 (codons 271–282) which perhaps suggests that tobacco carcinogens probably affect the mutational hot spots of the p53 gene at codons 157, 175, 186, 248, 273 and 282; and (3) fresh frozen and formalin-fixed tissue specimens give similar results when an immunohistochemical method is applied. The importance of p53, TGF-α, EGFR, c-erbB-2/neu and PCNA as biomarkers in oropharyngeal SCCs deserves particular attention because it might offer further understanding of the development of these carcinomas.
Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/1956/21381999-01-01T00:00:00Z