Abstract

Presented paper consists of two parts: (1) experiences of spatial policy
formulation on EU level and (2) preparation of new EU Territorial Agenda
until 2030. In first part were elaborated milestones of previous
activities on spatial policy in EU: European Spatial Development
Perspective from 1999 and Territorial Agenda approved by member states
in Godollo in 2011. Important element of paper was also description of
changing background of spatial policy, primarily related to Lisbon
Treaty introducing territorial cohesion. In XXI century crucial role was
played by three generations of ESPON programme, embracing spatial
pattern of European space, but also forecasting future of European
territory until 2050. Catalysing role was played by the World Bank and
OECD activities. In second part evidence concerning new Territorial
Agenda was presented. Issue of spatial patterns of mega-trends implies
priorities of new Territorial Agenda. Using territorial potentials and
overcoming territorial barriers gives additional impetus to EU
development. Problems which should be tackled are: risk of
fragmentation, growing interdependencies between places and functional
mismatch. For Poland involvement in activities leading to next
Territorial Agenda of EU is of key importance.

Abstract

The paper shows the impact of despatialization on processes of
territorial development. The essence of despatialization is the
decreasing importance of the spatial factor in the information society,
as a result of the use of information and computer technologies, and in
particular – the Internet. It creates new challenges for spatial
management. Real contact between people and organizations is often
replaced with links and information flows, the quality of which is
growing and which in many cases eliminate the resistance that spatial
distance makes. The multiple effects of this phenomenon modify social
relations, at the same time being challenges, but also opportunities to
create new tools for managing development policy.

Abstract

The problem of regional diversity is the subject of a broad scientific
discourse. The dynamics of territory development is connected with many
factors. Among them, the so-called spaces for development opportunities
of individual units and resiliance issues for external factors of
regions. The author discusses the diversity of individuals from the
point of view of these two factors. It indicates future directions of
regional research, which will show why regions at the start with
potentially the same structure are developing completely differently and
why in most cases resistance is associated with innovation and in the
case of Polish regions it is not.

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to measure and forecast concentration of
regional development potential on a regional basis. The study covered 14
GUS features, which measure the development potential. The forecast,
nominal values and processes’ dynamics were calculated for data from
2010 to 2020, using author made method. The study reveals that key
factors determining the diversification of the distribution of the
potential include the relation of large agglomerations to their regional
surroundings. Therefore, we are dealing with growth poles with different
impact levels. Since 2010, the process of concentrating potential in
Poland has taken different directions. In poorly developed regions, we
observe constant distribution values. Most regions, especially those
with medium and high levels of economic development, are characterized
by a dynamic increase in the level of concentration 5% to 6% annually.
This means that the growth poles «move away» from their surroundings and
strengthen their position. Simultaneously, they slightly reduce the
distance to the strongest developed region in Poland (Mazowsze). By
2020, these trends will remain unchanged, however regions with a
moderately low level of development will observe the fastest growth.

Abstract

The smart city concept is constantly evolving. More and researchers in
Poland and also in the whole world deal with this issue. In practice, it
is noted that in cities around the world you can find more and more
implemented projects referred as smart, in particular in
Barcelona, Vienna and Copenhagen and others. According to the classical
definition, smart city means introducing solutions based on the latest
information technologies to urban spaces in order to improve the quality
of life of city residents. Smart city is a city concept in which
solutions can solve the most important problems related to the
functioning of cities, such as improvements in public transport and
goods in cities, counteracting climate change through the use of
energy-saving solutions of city lighting, social inclusion (access city)
and others. The concept of smart city is based on IT solutions that are
constantly modernized and adapted to specific needs of individual
cities. By using real-time access to information, they help make more
efficient decisions for city users. However, recent approaches highlight
the relationship between modern network technologies and the urban
community. One can notice the focus of the researchers on the relational
approach, which means combining the smart city concept with the
participation of residents in the city management process, and in
particular making choices and implementing smart projects. In this
sense, the smart city idea defines the way of managing a city in which
relations between the self-government, IT providers and science as well
as the inhabitants of the city are particularly important. Responding to
the needs of residents is particularly important as counteracting the
tendency to focus smart products and services in richer places and
create socalled an innovation hub with the simultaneous periphery of the
remaining districts. Criticism of the smart city concept focuses on the
problem of the social polarization of cities, in which the technological
revolution contributes more to the increase of socio-economic
disparities rather than their decreasing. The aim of the article is to
answer the question whether the implementation of the smart city concept
polarizes the urban community and does it allow the inclusive
development of cities?

Abstract

The smart city concept is becoming more and more popular as a direction
for further development of cities in the European Union.

The main goal of the article is to determine the relationship between
the concept of a smart city and the competitiveness of a modern city,
understood as a standard of living of city’s inhabitants. The research
method is a case study, based on a selected example of the city of
Mannheim in Germany.

The author assumes that the results of the research, in addition to the
contribution to the still developing knowledge on smart cities, will be
able to fulfill the practical task – support the development and
increase of competitiveness of contemporary Polish cities.

Abstract

Post-industrial areas are an area of concentration, penetration and
shaping the economic, social and environmental zone. The strategic goal
of transforming post-industrial areas should be to obtain a new, dynamic
and favorable state of equilibrium for a given area, as well as its
surroundings after cessation of operations. The purpose of the article
is to indicate the possibility of adaptation of post-industrial areas,
especially after exploitation of the mineral, to perform new functions.
The direction and the purpose of the recultivation and planning actions
to a large extent may be influenced by specific social and economic
conditions affecting the competitiveness of each and individually
treated fragment of space.

Abstract

The paper aims at proposing a contemporary typology of factors building
attractiveness and competitiveness of cities. The notions of urban
attractiveness and urban competitiveness have been covered in literature
for many years. As such the authors approached specification of the
current factors, in the way they are understood by relevant
representatives of researchers and territorial authorities. The A&K
[standing for Polish: Atrakcyjność & Konkurencyjność] Model is presented
in the paper and a typology is derived upon it.

Abstract

The subject of research was urban and urban-rural communes in the
peripheral areas of voivodships, that is outside the functional areas of
their capitals and outside the Silesian agglomerations. The aim of the
research was to: (1) recognize the most economically developed entities
in the studied areas, (2) recognize how development factors and their
combinations that can create territorial capital are perceived and used
in municipal strategies. The methods included: (1) analysis of
indicators (2) analysis of texts of 10 strategies of entities with a
high level of development. It was found, that there was deficiency of
specific factors of development and recognition of their combination as
well as the lack of using them to create a competitive advantage.

Abstract

There are more and more new development challenges emerging in Polish
cities and regions recently. Because of those challenges we can observe
an increase of the role of cities and associated environments. The
concept of cities’ impact on the environment is a result of many
processes, such as: suburbanization, reurbanization, increasing
population mobility, development of transport systems, innovation, or
entrepreneurship. A city is a complex entity, it is a subject to dynamic
changes, to understand which we need interdisciplinary knowledge or the
combination of many different approaches along with an attempt to draw
many conclusions. We can find numerous theoretical examples describing
city-regional environment relations in the literature. In general, these
models explain the relationship between economically strong cities
(metropolis) and the regions. However, there is not much literature and
research explaining the nature and strength of relationships with
medium-sized cities. There are also very few ideas for developing the
potential of medium-sized cities in polish national policy. The aim of
the article is to present disproportions in the development of
medium-sized cities in voivodships of Eastern Poland in 2010-2017. The
author will also present the possibility of using a synthetic measure to
assess and recognize the spatial diversity of medium-sized cities
development.

Abstract

The aim of the article is to analyse the spread and diffusion of
socio-economic development in Poland in 2004-2016, while considering
spatial aspects. Using the linear ordering method in the non-pattern
version, a synthetic development measure for all municipalities in
Poland was built based on a set of 77 features illustrating various
socio-economic aspects, reduced to 25 features. For the measure
constructed in this way, the convergence of the beta and sigma type has
been examined, divided into 3 groups of municipalities (rural, urban and
urban-rural), as well as in regional division. Using the methods of
spatial econometrics, the occurrence of spatial effects was examined, in
particular the attention was paid to the relationship between the
processes of spreading development and spatial forms of diffusion of
development. The analysis also allowed to determine the strength of
local impacts of spatial connections between individual municipalities.

Abstract

In order to meet global challenges, cities must be governed efficiently,
be compact, and as a result more sustainable, socially coherent, strong
and competitive at economic level. Initiatives taken in favour of urban
mobility may help in shaping of the global society, putting the main
focus on the quality of life, citizens› needs and the principle of
sustainable development. These actions aim at focusing citizens›
attention on the need to improve air quality, decrease congestion in
city’s main streets, but most of all to invest in your own health and
physical condition, which increases the level of citizens’ life
conditions, and in turn provides the city with considerable economic
benefits. However, is it quite a challenge to ensure a sustainable urban
mobility pattern which requires a high level of stakeholders’
participation and establishing a detailed complex planning process. The
aim of the paper is to present, based on the available literature and
data sources and also survey research results, shaping life quality in
the aspect of mobility in the context of current megatrends, taking as a
case study the CIVITAS DYN@MO project implementation in the city of
Gdynia.

Abstract

JESSICA initiative as a financial engineering instrument was introduced
to enhance and accelerate investments in disadvantaged urban areas. The
novel aspect of JESSICA is that this instrument should not only support
and promote sustainable urban development but also provide incentives
that lower risk capital investments and consequently allow to overcome
existing market failures. Thus, the paper aims to identify whether
JESSICA projects have contributed to generating positive market effects,
as well as to indicate the factors that were most responsible for the
occurrence of these phenomena. The results show that 75% out of all
projects generated positive market effects in form of new jobs, services
or products. The generation of revenues by particular project was the
most influential factor determining the capacity of a given project to
create positive markets effects.

Abstract

Cities are changing before our eyes. Civilization trends should be
accompanied by the appropriate management styles of local development.
The crisis of civil policy and the power of representation undermines
the essence of the current model of democracy and the effectiveness of
local policy. Therefore, it evolves towards governance. The influence of
civic activity is mostly visible at the local level. Its importance is
multidimensional and it shapes the social, economic and environmental
conditions of urban life. The article guides the reader through various
meanders of research and public debate on engaging inhabitants in local
policy. Its aim is to indicate the scope of resident’s influence on the
current policy of Polish cities, in particular with regard to the
investment policy. The paper is based on the extensive literature
studies and the primary research carried out in all of the cities in
Silesia voidvoship.

Abstract

Increasing environmental awareness, perceived climate change and easier
access to information have contributed to changing the perception of the
environment and its reserves. Unfortunately, it happens that still
misunderstood economic development and urbanization contribute to
inefficient management of the city’s resources, such as space.

The aim of this paper is the assessment of the impact of unused urban
space for widely understood city attractiveness. The research was
conducted on the example of Katowice city. The article presents the
results of identification of unused urban spaces, made based on
information contained in the study of spatial development conditions and
directions, and available orthophotomaps and topographic maps using GIS
type software. The theoretical aspects connected with the influence of
unused areas on the attractiveness of the city and the results of
research carried out by the Otodom service were used for the analysis.

Abstract

Cities play a special role in the process of sustainable development of
the country. The city management plays a fundamental role in this
challenge. The mayor should become a manager and manage the city based
on a strategic marketing management model. Thanks to this, it can
optimally use available financial instruments that give the opportunity
to achieve strategic development goals of the city.