Suggested Books

PARTNERS

Reading Between the Lines: Decrypting the Scripts of the Minoans and Mycenaeans

Pick up a book in a language you have never learned. Read the first couple pages. See if you can understand any aspect of the culture between its covers. It is difficult, isn't it? It remains so until you learn to crack the code.

But what happens when you cannot crack the code? What happens when there is no frame of reference by which you can understand this new, unlearned language? What happens when the book in your hand goes unread and its contents are forgotten?

The Transition from Linear A to Linear B

Such is the case with Linear A, an ancient script dating back to the Bronze Age—to the time before Paris supposedly stole Helen from Troy, to a time when the gods of ancient Greece walked among men. The culture of the writers of Linear A remains highly mysterious because little of the language has yet been deciphered. Enter Linear B, a cousin language introduced by those who demolished the people who wrote in Linear A. What is then seen is one side of a very enigmatic tale. Both Linear A and Linear B are valuable to any scholarship relating to the Bronze Age, a period where trade was at a height, palatial communities and kingdoms reigned supreme, and warfare (as far as scholars can tell) was at an all-time low. So, what do we know of the many examples of each of the texts that have been found?

Linear A, The Unfathomable Minoan Text

Linear A stems from the island of Crete, located in the Mediterranean, and part of modern day Greece. However, during Crete's heyday in the Bronze Age, it was independent of the mainland and home to the Minoans, an ancient group of people known for their seafaring ways, peaceful rather than turbulent imagery and, most significantly, affiliation with bull-horned religious sites.

Advanced for their time, the Minoans created the first form of writing, called simply "Cretan Hieroglyphics", which later was adjusted to create a second written language, the more stylized and formal Linear A. Unfortunately, this is where the comparison of these two writing systems ends—with the relationship to the Minoans—as Minoan written history remains shrouded in mystery, as the writing systems have not yet been deciphered.

Linear B, The Mycenaean Counterpart

Yet Linear A appears even more puzzling when compared to Linear B, the script of the Mycenaeans. Accused of destroying the Minoan civilization in brutal battles, the Mycenaeans appear in the history of ancient Greece after the Minoans disappear, and before the great collapse of the eastern empires in the 8 th century BC. This collapse is more commonly referred to as the Greek Dark Ages. In previous years, Linear A was considered the official script of the Minoans palaces, and it is likely Linear B served the same purpose in Mycenae.

Based on archaeological and art historical similarities between the two cultures, it is not without merit to assume the Mycenaeans were influenced by the culture they ransacked and conquered. As Linear A ceases to be utilized by 1450 BC—the same time the Mycenaeans overwhelmed the Minoans—it is possible the Mycenaeans borrowed from their language to create their own literature, though the Mycenaeans chose a syllabic path rather than a symbolic one.

What the Scripts Might Say

Both Linear A and Linear B are valuable to classical scholarship as they form the backbone of pre-Greek language and literature. Much of what has been deciphered of Linear B references trade and economics which has allowed scholars to determine the extent of Mycenaean trade and thus their ability to control the oceanic trade routes. As it has also been hypothesized that the Mycenaeans literally displaced the Minoans (due to art historical from the Minoans, and art historical and literary evidence from the Egyptians), it appears that the Mycenaeans eventually controlled as much as the Minoans once had of the ancient economic waterways. Deciphering Linear A will not only provide valuable insight into Minoan culture, but also into the ways in which the Mycenaeans stole, borrowed or assimilated Minoan traditions and government into their own culture.

Famous Minoan fresco from palace of Knossos, currently in Herakleion museum ( Public Domain )

A Key to the History of Minoa

Scholars of ancient languages have ascertained that while Linear B and Linear A share some symbols, Linear B is the predecessor of the ancient Greek language (Attic Greek, etc.) which eventually evolved into the modern language of the present. The translatability of Linear B has allowed scholars to make some headway in decoding the Minoan languages (due to the similarities), yet not enough so to translate Linear A. In fact, current scholarship has examined Linear A as more likely an Anatolian language (note: Anatolia is modern day Turkey), Phoenician (modern day North Africa), or even of Iranian descent. There is agreement that Linear A is likely Indo-European; the question plaguing archaeologists and linguists is from where it might have developed. As the Minoans overlapped with the Hittite Empire, the New Kingdom of Egypt and various Trojan political systems, any of these theories could hold the key to the roots of the Minoan language. And whichever key is true will finally unlock the secrets of the Minoan culture and, as important, the Minoan perspective of the downfall of their empire.

Riley Winters

Riley Winters is a recent graduate from Christopher Newport University with a degree in Classical Studies and Art History, and a Medieval and Renaissance Studies minor. She will be attending the University of Glasgow in 2015 for Celtic and Viking Archaeology,... Read More

Comments

Linear A script Is left unscrambled, because it is unreadable. Linear B script is related to the Pelasgian language and was falsified by M. Ventris and J. Chadwick. They, trying to make his decoding, did not find any Greek words in this famous script, but his signs, which in some cases are alphabetic letters, were accepted as syllables. The union of these syllables they formed words that approached them with the words of the Greek language. From this discussion, they then concluded the wrong conclusion, that Linear B writing represents a dialect of Greek language. This is the foundation that keeps the Greeks today as a people of the Bronze Age in the Aegean region, but this Pelasgian foundation became Greek with the falsification of language by Ventris and Chadwick only, unfortunately supported by some scholars today.
We discovered (L. &amp; L.Peza 2013 and later) in a clay slab with the Linear B script, found in Mikenae, the only known expression: "ZIAZI", equating to ZI ASHT ZI = MOURNING IS MOURNING", expression, which belongs to the Pelasgian language and completely the same as in today's Albanian language. Thus, with this very important discovery, we have fully verified that the Linear B writing (or Mikenea's language) constitutes a form of Pelasgian language of the Bronze age. On the other hand, this ancient Pelasgian language coincides fully with the Albanian language.
Two years ago, we reinteracted a scribbled inscription on a granite slab in Norway, dated from 2000 to 1500 BC. The expression "SOT QA" inscription on the granite slab by Norwegian authors is reported to have been made by Cretean Minaeans, when they received silver from the mines they had opened at Kongsberg, near Oslo. The inscription has been interpreted incorrectly according to the model of Ventris and Chadwik, where each letter is taken as a syllable: SOT QA = WE TU YU PI TI = decryption is given = "soft (and) pure" . In our opinion this solution is wrong and we gave our solution: SOT QA = TODAY QA or SOT KA, in English = TODAY CRY or TODAY HAVE. Thus we came to find out that Kongsberg's inscription represents the Pelasgian language of Crete (Middle Bronze Age), which fully complies with today's Albanian language.

Viral Articles

The leprechaun is perhaps one of the best-known creatures in Irish folklore. Leprechauns are popularly depicted as little men with beards dressed in green coats and tall green hats. Other well-known beliefs about leprechauns include the pot of gold that they are said to keep at the end of the rainbow, and their mischievous nature. Whilst many are familiar with this general depiction of the leprechaun, there are other aspects of these Irish creatures that are less well-known.

Top New Stories

Neolthic cooking pots can tell you a lot about life in the culture that used them; if you have the right tools on hand. New research on such pottery by the University of Bristol has uncovered how early farmers were adapting to climate change 8,200 years ago.

Myths & Legends

The leprechaun is perhaps one of the best-known creatures in Irish folklore. Leprechauns are popularly depicted as little men with beards dressed in green coats and tall green hats. Other well-known beliefs about leprechauns include the pot of gold that they are said to keep at the end of the rainbow, and their mischievous nature. Whilst many are familiar with this general depiction of the leprechaun, there are other aspects of these Irish creatures that are less well-known.

Human Origins

Most people who have the Rh blood type are Rh-positive. There are also instances, however, where people are Rh-Negative. Health problems may occur for the unborn child of a mother with Rh-Negative blood when the baby is Rh-Positive.

Opinion

Does a hidden garden hold the encoded secrets of the Kabbalists? Hidden away in a cul-de-sac at the base of the towering medieval walls of Girona, Catalonia, Spain, is a tranquil garden. A statue of a long-haired angel stands guard over the entrance, its hands clasped in prayer.

Our Mission

At Ancient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there exists countless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts that have yet to be discovered and explained.

The goal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe.

We’re the only Pop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives.

By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings.