Choosing the right paper for your printed media can be tricky. Paper tells about the function of the product, it's feeling and quality. Therefore it's a crucial part of the overall experience of your final product. Best of all is to start thinking about the choice of paper even before you start your work on the computer, not only to get the feeling right but also because of printing issues and costs. You can then optimize the production and design according to the paper of your choice. Here are some of the things to keep in mind about the use of paper for your printed media production.

The Paper Choice

To choose between the function and quality of a paper isn't easy. Sometimes you'll find a paper that you really want to work with, but in the end you realize that if you choose it, the production cost will go up significantly. This is usually just a concern when you work with a bigger production and need a lot of paper, then the price will escalate quickly. But even smaller projects can have problems with cost, especially if you choose unusual inks or post processing methods. So choosing a paper that's cheap, but still good for your product, can be tricky. It's therefore recommended that in the beginning of your project, you take your time and think though a few issues:

What is your final product? It can be a book, poster, flyer, business card, etc.

How long would you like the durability of the product to last? A book that will be read throughout the years should definitely be planned for a longer durability than a one day flyer.

What feeling do you want your product to give the receiver? Should it be fancy? Cheap? Solid? Traditional?

What kind of material will the product be handling? Will it be spread after spread with large photos? Or a textbook?

After you've answered these questions you can take a look at the different elements that can be crucial for your paper choice.

What Distinguishes Different Papers?

Coated or Uncoated?

The decision to use either coated or uncoated paper is probably the one choice that will affect the overall feeling of your product the most. So choose carefully. Coated papers have china clay or other kinds of coating applied to one or both sides. It comes in a variety of smoothness, like matte, semi-matte or silk, and gloss.

All of the above except matte coated papers are usually best for printing photographs and other kinds of art. Why is that? Because of the paper quality the ink in the printer doesn't get absorbed by the paper fibers but stays at the top. This gives brighter colors and the paper a somewhat glossy finish.

The uncoated paper, which has a rough, natural feel to it, is preferred before coated paper for productions that include lots of text. With this paper the printer ink gets inside the top layer of the paper and sinks into the fibers beneath. The thing to consider is that a glossy coated paper reflects light more than uncoated paper does. This can sometimes make it harder to read longer texts. Still the final decision should be all about what feeling you want to achieve with your product.

Usually coated paper is used for:

Photography

Illustrations

Things that should "pop"

Often Uncoated Paper is Used For:

Books

Daily Magazines

You've probably already noticed that all kinds of in betweens exist when it comes to the choice of coated or uncoated paper. One example is that the use of uncoated paper has increased as an alternative for catalogues and brochures to give them a more unique and exclusive feel.

Thickness and Weight

The weight of a paper is tricky to write about. It can be measured in a couple of different ways depending on the country you're working in. Two of the most used are grams per square metre or the pound weight of a 500-sheet ream of 17" x 22" bond paper. For different types of paper the size of the basis ream may differ resulting in vastly different weights. For example, a ream of 20#, 8.5 × 11 bond paper weighs 5 lb, because it has been cut from a larger sheet into four pieces.

Opacity

A paper's opacity describes the amount of light which is transmitted through it. This determines how much printing will be seen through the reverse side of a sheet. Complete opacity is 100% which means that no light can pass through, while a lower percentage lets more light through. Opacity is important to have in mind when printing booklets, as a sheet with good opacity will prevent ”show through text” when printing on both sides. A paper's opacity can increase or decrease depending on the use of different fillers, but also by its weight, whiteness or coating.

Brightness

The brightness measures the percentage of a wavelength of blue light that a sheet reflects. It's typically expressed on a scale of 1 to 100 with 100 being the brightest. Most papers reflect 60-90% of light. The brightness of a paper can effect readability, the perception of ink color and the contrast between light and dark hues.

Some last things to consider

Acid-free papers are not as yellowing as other papers.

Uncoated papers aren’t always cheaper than coated.

Colored papers are usually more expensive than white.

The post processing can affect which paper you’ll be able to use.

Poster Production

For art posters, use preferably a silk or gloss coated paper. Exactly which one should depend on the amount of photography and illustration work on the poster. For brighter, more saturated colors it also is good to use a fairly coated paper so that the colors really pop. The coated paper will also be resistant to dirt and smudges, and sometimes even for simple physical damage.

The weight is an important aspect to think about while deciding the right paper for your poster. If your poster will be put outside you should use a durable paper that will not fade in the sun. Papers with greater weight will hold better against wind and rain, and therefore it will stay as you put it up for a longer time than a thin paper. A good reference is to use 24# or 28# paper for posters. The bigger the poster, the thicker the paper should be for best durability.

For those who want their poster to last a really long time, there are a couple of alternatives with a nice price tag of course. You could print the poster using tarpaulin, which is basically a plastic mesh. Another option is plastic printing. It’s not really paper, but a good alternative for those couple of posters which should last for months.

Conclusion

Always start by defining your final product. Is there's anything special you should think about in terms of printing or post production? The next step is to choose the function and quality you want your paper to have. Take your time to think through if you want coated or uncoated paper, what weight and opacity you wish to use.

One last tip is to always check with your local printing service. Ask them what paper they recommend and what they have in stock at the moment. This can, in some cases, help you out getting away with a better result and a much cheaper paper.