Dr. SaMeH S. Ahmed

Blowout

Blowout (geology)

Blowouts occur in partially vegetated dunefields or sandhills. A blowout forms when a patch of protective vegetation is lost, allowing strong winds to "blow out" sand and form a depression. Although they generally remain small, blowouts can expand to kilometers in size and up to around 70m in depth.]

Causes of vegetation loss include extended droughts, fire (natural and anthropogenic) or, in extreme cases, trampling by humans, cattle, horses, etc. Fire is the most common cause, however. In time, succession will begin again as suitable seeds are blown in and pioneers become re-established.]

Coastal sand dunes are found just inland from a beach, and are formed as the wind blows dry sand inland beyond the beach. It follows that this can only happen when there is an area of reasonably flat land inland from the beach. In time, this rather inhospitable surface will be colonised by pioneer species. These species (e.g. marram grass) will stabilise the dunes and prevent them moving any more. The process of plant succession will eventually see these dunes converted to woodland (depending on the climate) and a mature soil will have formed.[5]

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Mining Engineering

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Environmental engineers are the technical professionals who identify and design solutions for environmental problems. Environmental engineers provide safe drinking water, treat and properly dispose of wastes, maintain air quality, control water pollution, and remediate sites contaminated due to spills or improper disposal of hazardous substances. They monitor the quality of the air, water, and land. And, they develop new and improved means to protect the environment.