The French psychoanalyst Max Kohn writes: “My unconscious speaks Yiddish.” This talk will explore the relationship between psychoanalysis and Yiddish through a number of different subterranean routes–the Yiddish in and “under” Freud’s writings; Freud’s view of the language-world of European Jews; psychoanalysis in Eastern Europe; and the Yiddish translations of Freud’s work.