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The Museum’s Collections document the fate of Holocaust victims, survivors, rescuers, liberators, and others through artifacts, documents, photos, films, books, personal stories, and more. Search below to view digital records and find material that you can access at our library and at the Shapell Center.

Nat Shaffir (born Nathan Spitzer) is the son of Anton and Fany (Feige, nee Wax) Spitzer. Fany came from Sif (Sieu) Transylvania and was the oldest of 13 children (of which four survivied the war and one died immediately afterwards). Anton had two brothers and two sisters. Nathan was born on December 26, 1936, in Iasi, Romania. In 1931, Anton and Fany had moved from Transylvania to Bucium, a village near Iasi, along with Anton's two brothers. The family owned a large dairy farm that supplied dairy products to the Romanian army. The Spitzers' farm prospered, with many head of cattle. Fany managed the household and raised Nat and his two sisters, Sara (b. 1934) and Lili (b. 1938). One day in 1940, the Fascist Iron Guard visited the farm with a priest who identified the family as Jews. They confiscated the Spitzers' farm and all the cattle. They also gave the family four hours to pack up their belongings. The Spitzers could take only one horse and one wagon and had to move to the Socola neighborhood of Iasi. There the Spitzers lived in an open ghetto and forced to abide by the anti-Jewish legislation. They Jews were forced to wear a yellow star and received only a small portion of bread and 10 liters of gasoline per week. Nathan and his sisters were no longer allowed to attend public school. To make ends meet, Anton purchased 35 cows from a Gentile farmer, which were kept outside the city. He traded dairy products for animal feed with the local officials and sold the remaining milk, cheese, or butter to Jewish families in Iasi. Adamant that her children receive an education, Fany bartered milk and cheese for private tutoring for her three children with Jewish teachers in Socola.

In early 1944, Romanian military authorities took Anton and other able-bodied men from Iasi to perform forced labor laying new railroad tracks. For many years the family had no communication with Anton and had no idea if he was dead or alive. Fany and the children were left to manage the dairy business. Eight-year-old Nat and ten-year-old Sara made butter and cheese for the local authorities. Fany continued to barter dairy goods for private education lessons for the children.

Iasi fell to the Russians in July 1944; a few weeks later Anton returned to his family. By that time, most of the Spitzers' extended family, who had remained in Transylvania when it was occupied by Hungary, had been killed. Fany's father and ten of her siblings had been transported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau and Buchenwald concentration camps by Hungarian gendarmerie in complicity with the Germans. (Her mother had died years earlier in childbirth.) Her father later died of starvation in a forced labor camp. Only two of Fany's brothers, Moshe and Lazar Wax, survived to their liberation. Moshe died shortly after while on board a ship heading to a sanatorium in Sweden; Lazar later immigrated to the United States.

After the Communists seized power, the Spitzer children were ridiculed by their non-Jewish classmates and excluded from Communist student groups. It became evident to Anton that continued antisemitism and discrimination provided an unsafe future for his family under Soviet control. In 1947, Anton and Fany decided to leave Romania for Palestine, but their application for an exit permit was repeatedly denied. Eventually Anton bribed local officials to secure passage to Israel. The Spitzer family left Romania in March 1950 on board a cargo ship called the Transylvania and arrived in the port of Haifa just before Passover.

While in Israel, Nat served for three years in the Israeli army. In 1961, he moved to the United States and in 1969 started his own business. He married Merryl Rich of Atlanta, Georgia, in 1970. They have five children and nine grandchildren and live in Maryland, and Nat is a volunteer with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

Learn about over 1,000 camps and ghettos in Volume I and II of this encyclopedia, which are available as a free PDF download. This reference provides text, photographs, charts, maps, and extensive indexes.