..are enhanced by loss-of-function mutations in the Notch pathway elements, Notch, Delta, mastermind, deltex and groucho, but are suppressed by a duplication of Delta or mutations in Hairless, a negative regulator of the pathway...

Groucho and dCtBP mediate separate pathways of transcriptional repression in the Drosophila embryo

..In contrast, the two long-range repressors, Hairy and Dorsal, recruit a different corepressor protein, Groucho. Hairy also was shown to interact with dCtBP, thereby raising the possibility that Groucho and dCtBP are ..

Notch signaling: cell fate control and signal integration in development

..the results of the latter screen that led to the identification of TLE1 (a transcriptional repressor of the groucho family) and AES (a potential dominant negative form of TLE proteins) as cofactors for both SIX6 and SIX3...

..Here, we report that Grg4 and Grg5, mouse counterparts of the Drosophila transcriptional co-repressor Groucho, interact with mouse Six3 and its closely related member Six6, which may also be involved in vertebrate eye ..

Fine tuning of Notch signaling by differential co-repressor recruitment during eye development of Drosophila

..repression of specific transcriptional activators, such as Scute, through the bHLH and Orange domains and repression of other activators via interaction of the C-terminal WRPW motif with corepressors, such as the Groucho protein.

The Drosophila Groucho (Gro) protein is the defining member of a family of metazoan corepressors that have roles in many aspects of development, including segmentation, dorsal/ventral pattern formation, Notch signaling, and Wnt/Wg ..

A role for cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation in Groucho-mediated transcriptional repression

The Groucho (Gro)/transducin-like enhancer of split family of transcriptional corepressors are implicated in many signalling pathways that are important in development and disease, including those mediated by Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog...

A Myc-Groucho complex integrates EGF and Notch signaling to regulate neural development

The Groucho/Tle family of corepressor proteins has important roles in development and in adult tissue in both Protostomes and Deuterostomes. In Drosophila, a single member of this family has been identified...

..We have previously shown that the EGFR RTK pathway causes phosphorylation and downregulation of Groucho, a global co-repressor that is widely used by many developmentally important repressors for silencing their ..

Molecular recognition of transcriptional repressor motifs by the WD domain of the Groucho/TLE corepressor

..In summary, this evolutionary study improves the knowledge on functionally significant domains of the Hairless protein, and may be helpful for the future identification of homologues in other animals, especially in vertebrates...

The WRPW motif of the hairy-related basic helix-loop-helix repressor proteins acts as a 4-amino-acid transcription repression and protein-protein interaction domain

A L FisherDepartment of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USAMol Cell Biol 16:2670-7. 1996

..This motif was previously shown to be necessary for interactions with Groucho, a genetically defined corepressor for Drosophila Hairy-related proteins...

..Here we show that mutation of either the bHLH-encoding genes of the Enhancer of split complex (E(spl)-C) or groucho, like Notch or Delta mutants, cause an overproduction of sensory organ precursors at the expense of epidermis...

..We demonstrate that expression of the transcripts relates to the developing central nervous system. These data suggest a mechanism of interaction between the gene products of Notch and Enhancer of split...

Two genetically and molecularly distinct functions involved in early neurogenesis reside within the Enhancer of split locus of Drosophila melanogaster

..Immunocytochemical localization of the E(spl) m9/10 protein has revealed that it is a ubiquitously distributed nuclear component in embryonic, larval and imaginal tissues...

Functional relationships between Notch, Su(H) and the bHLH genes of the E(spl) complex: the E(spl) genes mediate only a subset of Notch activities during imaginal development

J F de CelisDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, UKDevelopment 122:2719-28. 1996

..Transcriptional activation mediated by Suppressor of Hairless and transcriptional repression mediated by Enhancer of split could provide greater diversity in the response of individual genes to Notch activity...

B D AronsonDepartment of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 11794 5215, USAMol Cell Biol 17:5581-7. 1997

..an evolutionarily conserved protein-protein interaction between Runt domain proteins and the corepressor Groucho. The interaction, however, is independent of the Runt domain and can be mapped to a 5-amino-acid sequence, VWRPY, ..

..Another lesion is a deletion in the coding region that leads to a shorter protein which, in addition, differs in its carboxy-terminal end from the wild-type protein by the presence of nine amino acids...

A functional interaction between the histone deacetylase Rpd3 and the corepressor groucho in Drosophila development

..CtBPs play important roles during development and oncogenesis. In this review, their unusual properties, the mechanisms of transcriptional repression, regulation, and their biological functions are discussed...

The molecular genetics of Enhancer of split, a gene required for embryonic neural development in Drosophila

..indicates that this transcription unit includes functions associated with both the dominant E(spl)D mutation and the recessive visible allele groucho, and is necessary for the correct differentiation of the embryonic nervous system.

Dorsal-mediated repression requires the formation of a multiprotein repression complex at the ventral silencer

The Drosophila Groucho (Gro) protein was the founding member of the family of transcriptional co-repressor proteins that now includes the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) and Grorelated gene (Grg) proteins in vertebrates...

Position dependent responses to discontinuities in the retinal determination network

..These results indicate that fusion cells undergo dynamic changes in gene expression as they switch from migratory to fusion modes and that dysfusion regulates a discrete, but important, set of these genes...

Genetic and molecular characterization of a Notch mutation in its Delta- and Serrate-binding domain in Drosophila

..The basis for the genetic antimorphism of NM1 seems to reside in the titration of Notch wild-type products into NM1/N+ nonfunctional dimers and/or the titration of Delta products into nonfunctional ligand-receptor complexes...

Positive and negative signaling mechanisms in the regulation of photoreceptor induction in the developing Drosophila retina. Review

..Pokkuri-mediated repression represents one such regulatory mechanism. The positive and negative signaling pathways operating in the fate determination of other photoreceptor cells are also discussed...

The enhancer of split locus and neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

E KnustDev Biol 122:262-73. 1987

..Therefore, E(spl) formally behaves as a gene switching between neural and epidermal pathways...

The Notch locus and the genetic circuitry involved in early Drosophila neurogenesis

..Each of the regulatory networks could themselves serve as the subject of a detailed review and that is beyond the scope of this discussion. Here we will focus on the interplay between the regulatory networks in patterning the tissue...