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Border checks could cost EU up to €1.4tr

Reimposition of border checks in the EU's free-travel Schengen area would cost it between €470 billion and €1.4 trillion by 2025, Germany's Bertelsmann Foundation has said. It estimated minimum costs of around €80 billion each for France and Germany, €91 billion for the US and €280 billion for China.

Central European countries say they have "nothing to hide" on rule of law issues - while justice commissioner Vera Jourova said they should agree to the Commission's controversial budget plans on rule of law conditionality.

Giovanni Buttarelli, the European data protection supervisor, says the EU-US data sharing pact known as Privacy Shield will play an increasingly minor role given the general data protection regulation.