Energy Quantization: The electron orbital reflects the property of space which only conducts and holds energy in quanta equal to integer multiples of Planck’s constant. This property of space allows the electron orbital to move in a circular path without radiating energy.

In macroscopic experiments such as circular particle accelerators, the radius of curvature is many orders of magnitude larger than the Planck energy dimensions. The Uncertainty Principle predicts that particles and their associated kinetic and mass energy can materialize at any place in a space from moment to moment that meets the restriction of ∆x∆p = ħ/2. The probability of the particle being found at any one point is quantified by the Schroedinger Wave Equation (SWE).

The real question of quantum mechanics is whether these perturbations of position are causeless? Do particles move from point to point around an average locus of travel without the action of any force on the particle? If this is the case, then the particles move due to a probabilistic distribution of particles which will only localize a particle within the constraints of ∆x∆p = ħ/2. If this is in fact the case, then this only describes reality, it does not elaborate the mechanism by which reality manifests.

The forces acting on the particles comprising a mass, which together may result in the effect of its uncertainty in position, are as follows:

The superimposition of the random waves passing through a space provides a randomizing force that acts on every particle, causing it to move erratically.

The cohort of polarized DPs surrounding every particle of mass has its own unique shape, being altered by velocity, proximity to other particles, and background fields.

Possibly an inherent rule of space causing particles to move in a random manner due to an inner program that governs their position. Such a randomizing program would be dependent upon their relationship with other particles to create such effects as decay, and momentum dependent uncertainty.

The central DP around which a charged particle congeals, can all be cancelled/neutralized/pair-bonded in a moment (by other DPs in the Sea by making a new association with a different set of surrounding particles). The effect is to cause the particle to re-form in another location. The positive and negative DPs polarized by the Central DP may play a role in altering how the Central DP may move.

The question is whether these forces are adequate to produce or explain the mechanism of the effects of Uncertainty as seen in the ∆x∆p = ħ/2 equation? Certainly this principle is always in evidence between particles in relationship. Particle decay, electrons in orbit, tunneling, and position-momentum measurement, all contain elements of particles in relationship with other particles.