Restless Legs Syndrome

(RLS)

Definition

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurologic disorder. It is characterized by:

Unpleasant sensations in the legs

An irresistible urge to move the legs

Causes

The cause of primary RLS is unknown. RLS may have some genetic component. In some cases, it may be caused by other conditions or certain medications. This is called secondary RLS.Many people with RLS also have periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). This is a related motor disorder characterized by:

Symptoms

Feelings of tingling, creeping, pulling, prickling, pins and needles, or pain in the legs during periods of rest or inactivity—may also occur in the arms

Symptoms typically get worse at night

A strong urge to relieve uncomfortable sensations with movement

Restlessness, including floor pacing, tossing and turning in bed, and rubbing the legs

Difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep

Symptoms may begin at any age. But, they are most common in people older than 60 years old. Symptoms usually increase in the evening and during times of rest, relaxation, or inactivity. For this reason, people with RLS generally have insomnia , which may be severe.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical and neurologic exam will be done. The diagnosis is based mainly on your symptoms. There is no specific test for RLS.Tests to check for conditions that may trigger RLS include:

Treatment for Conditions That May Trigger RLS

Treatment for More Severe Cases of RLS

MedicationDopamine agonists are the only drugs that are FDA approved to treat restless leg syndrome. They are often considered the most effective type of medication for this condition.Other medications may be used to help control symptoms of restless leg syndrome. Some medication options include clonidine, anticonvulsants, and opioids. Your doctor will select the medication based on your symptoms and medical history.

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Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent RLS because the cause is unknown.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

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This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available.
This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice.
Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

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