ANNAPOLIS — Under Maryland’s current anti-bullying law, it is illegal to send threatening, intimidating emails to minors.

However, “there’s no limitation on Facebook or Twitter because of its public nature,” Del. Jon S. Cardin (D-Baltimore) said at a press conference last week.

Cardin is putting forth a bill that would make publicly posted cyberbullying a crime in Maryland, thus closing the loophole that exempts harmful material transmitted via social media websites.

“We want to make sure that our minors are protected,” Cardin said, adding that he believes cyberbullying is the next frontier in terms of protecting minors.

The bill would prohibit a person from using electronic communication to publicize certain facts concerning the private life of a minor, disseminate harmful information about a minor, and direct a threat to or make a comment about a minor that would reasonably place the minor in fear of bodily harm or death.

House Bill 396 has received bipartisan support from co-sponsor Del. Kathy Afzali (R-Frederick), who said hate speech is not covered by the First Amendment and thus should be addressed by legislators.

“If someone says, ‘you should die’ or ‘I’m going to kill you,’ I think we need to take those words seriously,” Afzali said.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention define electronic aggression as any type of harassment or bullying that occurs through email, a chat room, instant messaging, a website or text messaging. The intentions of the comments are generally to tease, be rude, spread rumors or instill fear in someone.

In a high-profile case of cyberbullying in Maryland last year, 15-year-old Grace McComas of Woodbine committed suicide after suffering months of online harassment. She was the victim of harmful tweets, some of which threatened her life.

Her mother, Christine McComas, read aloud some of the tweets that were directed at her daughter.

“I hope you somehow see this and cry yourself to sleep then kill yourself ... might as well your just a worthless piece of [expletive],” read one of the tweets.

“I hatehatehatehatehatehatehate you. Next time my name rolls off your tongue, choke on it ... and DIE,” another tweet read.

McComas said the family made several public agencies aware of the abuse, but there was either a misunderstanding or they could not intervene.

“There is no litigation. The person is 18 and in college,” McComas said about her daughter’s tormenter.

Cyberbullying is not a new phenomenon; however, the growth of social media sites has given perpetrators more public platforms to inflict harm on their victims.

Today’s most popular social media site, Facebook, hosted a record 1.06 billion monthly active users last month. Twitter has roughly 500 million total users registered.

A Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project report from 2011 found that 15 percent of social media-using teens have experienced someone being mean or cruel to them personally on a social network site, while 88 percent have witnessed someone being mean or cruel on a social network site.

“It often takes a tangible form in terms of photos or postings, and it can be forwarded to more people,” said Catherine Bradshaw, deputy director for education at the Johns Hopkins Center for the Prevention of Youth Violence.

“A rumor at school does not spread as quickly,” Bradshaw said.

The state’s passage of the Safe Schools Reporting Act of 2005 requires all school districts to provide complaint forms for victims in order to report bullying incidents. But only 7.7 percent of reported incidents in 2011 involved electronic communication — the lowest number for any type of bullying.

McComas said at an anti-bullying forum at Howard High School last year that while the family was told to fill out a report, her daughter was intimidated and feared retaliation.

The state’s last anti-bullying law, signed by Gov. Martin O’Malley (D) in 2008, made Maryland the 11th state to pass legislation that would protect students from bullying and harassment based on sexual orientation and the seventh to protect students on the basis of gender identity.

Cardin, a candidate for attorney general, believes this new legislation would create a safer environment for Maryland youth and prevent similar cases, like the McComas’, from happening again.

“This bill is the first step in making sure no child ever again chooses suicide as an escape from bullying,” Cardin said.