Wed September 11, 2013

Pets Or Livestock? A Moral Divide Over Horse Slaughter

Jamesport has the largest Amish community in Missouri, and horse-pulled buggies are often parked alongside cars. Horse owners in the state are divided over whether to allow horses to be killed for meat in the U.S.

Dave Rains owns a would-be horse processing plant near Jamesport, Mo., but a lawsuit has prevented him from getting his business running.

Frank Morris for NPR

Few Americans eat horse meat, and many don't like the idea of slaughtering horses. But a handful of investors are struggling to restart the horse-slaughter industry in the U.S.

Thousands of American horses are already slaughtered in Mexico and Canada each year for their meat, which gets shipped to European and Asian markets.

Proponents of reviving U.S. slaughterhouses argue that the move would be good for the horse business, and more humane than the long, harsh trip across borders. The issue cleaves horse owners into two camps: those who view horses as pets, and those who see them as livestock.

'We Have Standards'

Cynthia MacPherson, who led efforts to kill two proposed horse slaughterhouses in southern Missouri, says it would be like killing pets.

"If you said, 'I'm going to open a puppy mill to breed dogs because people in China and people in France want to eat dog meat,' I think there'd be a big public outcry. And that's what we have here," she says.

Public opposition has hounded the horse industry since Congress funded inspections for slaughterhouses in 2011. U.S. Humane Society President Wayne Pacelle argues that horses suffer more than other animals at slaughter. He also contends that the meat is dangerous, since horses can be treated with drugs not allowed in animals raised specifically for food.

"We have standards. We have values in society. You don't just opportunistically harvest whatever animal is around," Pacelle says.

Assets Or Pets?

Sue Wallis, a Wyoming lawmaker with a dozen horses, says there are two "very different styles" of meat production going on. She says fattening animals fast — and slaughtering them young — is the modern way to produce meat. Horse slaughter, she says, follows an older model.

"Chickens for eggs, lambs for wool, cows for milk, horses for work, and when their useful, productive life has passed, then you turn them into meat," she says.

For Wallis, horses are livestock first and companions second — more assets than pets. And that's common in rural areas.

In Jamesport, Mo., horse-drawn buggies park next to cars. Elmer Beechy, a wiry man sporting a faded black hat and a beard, runs a shop that sells horse equipment.

"I really love horses. But when they're no good to me, what are you going to do with them? We don't want to take 'em out back and shoot 'em," he says. "They may just as well be slaughtered, and get some use out of them."

Meat for horse eaters, money for horse owners.

Until they were shut down, domestic slaughterhouses provided a ready market for old, hobbled or unruly steeds. It made horses more valuable. Beechy says shutting them down has caused a glut of unwanted and neglected animals.

"There's a lot of horses out there in the pasture, hurting. Some of them linger three or four years, suffer every day. And the slaughter's the best place for them," he says.

Domestic slaughter, he means. The long hauls to slaughter plants in Canada and Mexico can brutalize the animals, and burn up the sellers' profits. So thousands of horses have been abandoned on Indian reservations, cow pastures and public lands.

"People will just stop and open the trailer and turn 'em out and drive off," says Jim Smith, who maintains a wild horse refuge in the Missouri Ozarks. As far as he's concerned, the solution lies in opening what he calls "killer plants."

In The Market

Farmer and businessman Dave Rains shows off his homemade "knock box," a lightly padded steel cage built to confine a horse that's about to be shot in the head. Necessary business, he says, but not work he's looking forward to.

"It's hard, but it's a better end than a slow, painful death, and that's what a lot of these horses are going through right now," he says.

Rain's finances are suffering, too. He built a processing plant on the corner of his farm near Jamesport for naturally raised beef and pork. When big companies saturated that marketplace, he put in for a permit to butcher horses. He expected to be in business this time last year.

"I knew there'd be some opposition, but I never dreamed it would be at the level that it has been," Rain says.

A lawsuit, backed by the Humane Society, now stands between Rains and a state permit. A plant in New Mexico is also embroiled in litigation.

Rains has picked up work driving a school bus to help make ends meet and keep his own saddle horses fed, while he waits to find out whether horses will once again be slaughtered in the U.S.

Most Americans don't eat horsemeat and they don't like the idea of slaughtering horses for food either. But a handful of investors are retrying to restart a horsemeat industry in the United States. They argue that slaughter would be good for the horse business and more humane than the current situation.

As Frank Morris, of member station KCUR reports, the issue is dividing horse owners into two camps, one that views horses as pets and the other that sees them as livestock.

FRANK MORRIS, BYLINE: Horses are a touchtone of American culture and that is not hard to see in Kansas City.

UNIDENTIFIED MAN: It's my pleasure to welcome you here to the 23rd annual Hill Top Saddle Club Rodeo

MORRIS: Hill Top is the nation's oldest African American saddle club. Its president, Howard Hall, sits up in a wagon, pulled by two Clydesdales.

HOWARD HALL: And it is cultural. But cowboys, the Old West, you can't eat your horse. You know, you just can't do that.

UNIDENTIFIED MAN #2: Alright, take care now.

(SOUNDBITE OF A NEIGHING HORSE)

MORRIS: Well, some do. People in Europe and Asia eat horsemeat routinely. And thousands of American horses are already slaughtered each year for those markets. But they're not slaughtered here, not anymore.

Cynthia MacPherson led efforts to kill two proposed horse slaughterhouses in Southern Missouri. To her, it would be like slaughtering pets.

CYNTHIA MACPHERSON: If you said I'm going to open a puppy mill to breed dogs because people in China and people in France want to eat dog meat, I think there'd be a big public outcry. And that's what we have here.

MORRIS: Public outcry has followed horse slaughter since Congress funded inspections for it a couple of years ago. U.S. Humane Society President Wayne Pacelle argues that horses suffer more than other animals at slaughter. And he contends that the meat is dangerous, since horses can be treated with drugs not allowed in animals raised specifically for food.

WAYNE PACELLE: We have standards. We have values in society. You don't just opportunistically harvest whatever animal is around.

SUE WALLIS: See, what we're dealing with here is two very different styles of meat production.

MORRIS: Sue Wallis, a Wyoming lawmaker with a dozen horses, says fattening up animals fast and slaughtering them young is the modern way to produce meat. Horse slaughter, she says, follows an older model.

WALLIS: Chickens for eggs, lambs for wool, cows for milk, horses for work, and when their useful, productive life has passed, then you turn them into meat.

MORRIS: For Wallis, horses are livestock first, companions second, more assets than pets. And that's a common view in rural areas. Here in Jamesport, Missouri, black horse-drawn buggies park right next to cars. And Elmer Beechy, a wiry man sporting a faded black hat and a stern-looking beard, runs the tack shop.

ELMER BEECHY: I love horses. I really love horses. But when they're no good to me, what are you going to do with them? We don't want to take 'em out back and shoot 'em. They may just as well be slaughtered and get some use out of them.

MORRIS: Meat for horse eaters, money for horse owners. Until they were shut down, domestic slaughterhouses provided a ready market for old, hobbled or unruly steeds. They made horses more valuable. Beechy says shutting them down has spurred a glut of unwanted and neglected animals.

BEECHY: Lot of horses out there in the pasture, hurting. Some of them linger three or four years, suffer every day. And the slaughter's the best place for them.

MORRIS: Domestic slaughter, he means. The long hauls to slaughter plants in Canada and Mexico can brutalize the animals and burn up the seller's profit. So thousands of horses have just been abandoned on Indian reservations, cow pastures and public lands. Jim Smith runs a wild horse refuge in the Missouri Ozarks.

JIM SMITH: People will just stop and open the trailer and turn 'em out and drive off.

MORRIS: As far as Smith is concerned, the solution lies in opening what he calls killer plants.

DAVE RAINS: They have to come in here and then the shooter will be up here.

MORRIS: Dave Rains is showing off his homemade knock box, a lightly padded steel cage built to confine a horse about to be shot in the head. Necessary business, he says, but not work he's looking forward to.

RAINS: It's hard, but it's a better end than a slow, painful death, and that's what a lot of these horses are going through right now.

MORRIS: Rain's finances are suffering, too. He built this plant on the corner of his farm near Jamesport, Missouri, to process naturally raised beef and pork. When big companies saturated that marketplace, he put in for a permit to butcher horses. He expected to be in business this time last year.

RAINS: I knew there'd be some opposition, but I never dreamed it would be at the level that it has been.

MORRIS: A lawsuit backed by the Humane Society now stands between Rains and a state permit. A proposed plant in New Mexico is also embroiled in litigation. In the meantime, Rains has picked up work driving a school bus to help make ends meet and to keep his own saddle horses fed, while he waits to find out whether or not horses will once again be slaughtered in the U.S. For NPR News, I'm Frank Morris. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.