With regards to the exhaustion pahse, what does it mean when the body is physically & psychologically tired?

Neurons dont fire correctly.
Atypical depression
dysphoria

What do ligand sensitve gates interact with to allow the gate open?

Glycoprotein

Once calcium attaches, what does it do?

It moves the vesciles to the cell membrane where it will dissolve then exocytosis will occur.
Now neurotransmitters goes into the synaptic cleft.
Now the neurotransmitter will bind to ligand gate causing it to open causing K+ to difuse in.

What is reuptake and what with regards to neurons is it used for?

It pumps neurotransmitter back in to be used again.

Where is Enzymatic degradation?
Where does it occur?

In synaptic cleft.
It is an enzyme that breaks down or destroys neurotransmitters.

What is phagocytosis used for in the neuron?

The cell in the synaptic cleft that easts neurotransmitters.

What are Action potentials called?

All or none.

How do you propagate an action potential?

Accumulate K+.
Then repel down the membrane.

What is it referred to when the amount of gates open due to perception?

What is occurring in the graded response and what does it mean to the perception of the brain?

Essay

Draw an action potential and label it.
Describe what is happening in each of the phases of the action potential.

Essay

What are ligand gates?

They are gates that neurons respond to, anything that can stimulate a neuron is a ligand. AKA: Cheically gated

Extra cellular fluid has more of what in higher concentration?

Na+

Beacuse of an imbalance of 3K+ outisde and 2Na+ inside, how do you write the charges on the membrane?

neg (-) along the inside and pos (+) along the outisde of the membrane, however this doesn't mean inside is neg, it means that it is less positive then the outside.

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI)

It is an enxyme inhibitor.
Stops enzymatic degradation of neurotransmitters. This makes you feel better.

How much neurotransmitter does the presynaptic neuron release?

The same amount of gates on the post-synaptic neuron.
It has to be the same, or the brain will percieve it incorrectly.

What do Neurotransmitters do to a cell?

They stimulate it.

Terminal boutons have what kind of gates?

Voltage regulated gates for Calcium

What is the name of the chemical on the inside of the vesicles?

Neurotransmitters
(They are ligands)

How many calcium must attach for exocytosis to occur?

2

What is it called when the pos inside and the neg outside flip from -50mV to +30mV (Upward phase)?

Polarity (more pos inside and less outside, which is typically reversed).

What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron?

A neuron is a single cell that acts as a receptor; only has one purpose. A nerve is alot of neurons bundled together. Can be sensory, motor, or mixed.

As K+ diffuses out of the cell, everything flips again, now it is called what?(Downward slope +30mV to -70mV)

Repolarization

Positive feedback, the whole rise is a positive feedback. -70mV to +30mV

Voltage increase-> Na+ gates open-> Na+ diffuse into cell
-> Repell K+ down membrane->
Voltage become more positive
->More Na+ gates open-> More Na+ diffuses into the cell and this continues down the membrane.

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