Focusing on a diverse cast of characters and/or depraved actions polemicized by writers from the Spring and Autumn period (771-476 B.C.E.) through the Song dynasty (960-1279 C.E.), this volume places ...
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Focusing on a diverse cast of characters and/or depraved actions polemicized by writers from the Spring and Autumn period (771-476 B.C.E.) through the Song dynasty (960-1279 C.E.), this volume places center stage transgressive individuals and groups traditionally demonized and marginalized by Confucian annalists and largely shunned by modern scholars. This interdisciplinary collection demonstrates that many of these so-called miscreants—treacherous regicides, impious monks, cutthroat underlings, ill-bred offspring, depraved poet-literati, and disloyal officials—were deemed so not because of a set of immutable social and religious norms, but by decisions and circumstances influenced by personal taste, contradictory value systems, and negotiations of political and social power.Less

Behaving Badly in Early and Medieval China

Published in print: 2017-08-31

Focusing on a diverse cast of characters and/or depraved actions polemicized by writers from the Spring and Autumn period (771-476 B.C.E.) through the Song dynasty (960-1279 C.E.), this volume places center stage transgressive individuals and groups traditionally demonized and marginalized by Confucian annalists and largely shunned by modern scholars. This interdisciplinary collection demonstrates that many of these so-called miscreants—treacherous regicides, impious monks, cutthroat underlings, ill-bred offspring, depraved poet-literati, and disloyal officials—were deemed so not because of a set of immutable social and religious norms, but by decisions and circumstances influenced by personal taste, contradictory value systems, and negotiations of political and social power.

A study of Korea’s first significant encounter with Western civilization, this work analyzes how Koreans reacted to Catholicism imported from China at the end of the 18th century. It explores the ...
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A study of Korea’s first significant encounter with Western civilization, this work analyzes how Koreans reacted to Catholicism imported from China at the end of the 18th century. It explores the reason most Koreans, especially Confucian scholars and government officials, reacted negatively to Catholic ideas and practices, going so far as to launch an official persecution of Catholics that cost thousands of lives. To render visible the philosophical background to the anti-Catholic movement, this work includes a complete translation of an anti-Catholic essay written before the persecution began. However, it also examines those Koreans, many of whom were also Confucian scholars, who adopted Catholic beliefs and practices even before there were missionaries on the Korean peninsula. To aid in that investigation, it includes an annotated translation of the Silk Letter of Hwang Sayŏng, a first-person account of the persecution of 1801 relating why some Koreans became Catholics, why some later apostatized, and why others remained faithful to their new faith through torture and execution. In addition, it includes a discussion of Korea attitudes toward their nation and its place in the international order before the emergence of modern nationalism.Less

Catholics and Anti-Catholicism in Choson Korea

Don BakerFranklin Rausch

Published in print: 2017-05-31

A study of Korea’s first significant encounter with Western civilization, this work analyzes how Koreans reacted to Catholicism imported from China at the end of the 18th century. It explores the reason most Koreans, especially Confucian scholars and government officials, reacted negatively to Catholic ideas and practices, going so far as to launch an official persecution of Catholics that cost thousands of lives. To render visible the philosophical background to the anti-Catholic movement, this work includes a complete translation of an anti-Catholic essay written before the persecution began. However, it also examines those Koreans, many of whom were also Confucian scholars, who adopted Catholic beliefs and practices even before there were missionaries on the Korean peninsula. To aid in that investigation, it includes an annotated translation of the Silk Letter of Hwang Sayŏng, a first-person account of the persecution of 1801 relating why some Koreans became Catholics, why some later apostatized, and why others remained faithful to their new faith through torture and execution. In addition, it includes a discussion of Korea attitudes toward their nation and its place in the international order before the emergence of modern nationalism.

This volume responds to provocations that Jerry Bentley tendered in his scholarship and through his professional activities. The collection interrogates the institutional settings, disciplinary ...
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This volume responds to provocations that Jerry Bentley tendered in his scholarship and through his professional activities. The collection interrogates the institutional settings, disciplinary proclivities, methodological choices, and diverse source bases of world history research and teaching. Several essays in the book address the ways in which present-day concerns influence historical research on local and global scales. Other essays pay particular attention to the production and circulation of knowledge across regional, temporal, and class boundaries, as well as between the academy and the wider public. The book makes a claim for the continued centrality of globally informed and globally focused approaches to historical inquiry. As such, it seeks to continue the conversations that Jerry Bentley carried on through his scholarship, teaching, editing the Journal of World History, participating in many public forums, and contributing to public discussions about the place of history in understanding today’s global integration.Less

Encounters Old and New in World History : Essays Inspired by Jerry H. Bentley

Published in print: 2017-06-30

This volume responds to provocations that Jerry Bentley tendered in his scholarship and through his professional activities. The collection interrogates the institutional settings, disciplinary proclivities, methodological choices, and diverse source bases of world history research and teaching. Several essays in the book address the ways in which present-day concerns influence historical research on local and global scales. Other essays pay particular attention to the production and circulation of knowledge across regional, temporal, and class boundaries, as well as between the academy and the wider public. The book makes a claim for the continued centrality of globally informed and globally focused approaches to historical inquiry. As such, it seeks to continue the conversations that Jerry Bentley carried on through his scholarship, teaching, editing the Journal of World History, participating in many public forums, and contributing to public discussions about the place of history in understanding today’s global integration.

When the kingdom of Pagan—representing the “classical state” and “golden age” of Myanmar—declined politically by the early fourteenth century, Upper Myanmar reconstituted itself into three smaller ...
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When the kingdom of Pagan—representing the “classical state” and “golden age” of Myanmar—declined politically by the early fourteenth century, Upper Myanmar reconstituted itself into three smaller centers of power, each controlled by a minister of the old court, while Lower Myanmar, finally freed from Upper Myanmar’s hegemony, began the process of state formation for the first time. This transitional situation continued for the next half century until two new kingdoms emerged. In Upper Myanmar, it was the First Ava Dynasty and Kingdom in 1364 and in Lower Myanmar, the First Pegu Dynasty and Kingdom in 1349. BoThattained their pinnacles by the fifteenth century, and both had declined before the first half of the sixteenth century was over. That period of nearly 200 years is the only gap left in the mainstream historiography of Myanmar, which this book seeks to fill, by reconstructing the origins, development, and decline of each kingdom separately, and then examining the impact of that history on their relationship. The study shows that whereas in-land agrarian Ava continued the classical tradition of Pagan, maritime commercial Pegu was an entirely new kingdom, the first in Lower Myanmar. The situation generated a symbiotic and dualistic geo-political “upstream-downstream” relationship between the two kingdoms that became, thereafter, a recurring historical pattern until today, currently represented by in-land Naypyidaw and “coastal” Yangon.Less

Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century : A Tale of Two Kingdoms

Michael A. Aung-Thwin

Published in print: 2017-05-31

When the kingdom of Pagan—representing the “classical state” and “golden age” of Myanmar—declined politically by the early fourteenth century, Upper Myanmar reconstituted itself into three smaller centers of power, each controlled by a minister of the old court, while Lower Myanmar, finally freed from Upper Myanmar’s hegemony, began the process of state formation for the first time. This transitional situation continued for the next half century until two new kingdoms emerged. In Upper Myanmar, it was the First Ava Dynasty and Kingdom in 1364 and in Lower Myanmar, the First Pegu Dynasty and Kingdom in 1349. BoThattained their pinnacles by the fifteenth century, and both had declined before the first half of the sixteenth century was over. That period of nearly 200 years is the only gap left in the mainstream historiography of Myanmar, which this book seeks to fill, by reconstructing the origins, development, and decline of each kingdom separately, and then examining the impact of that history on their relationship. The study shows that whereas in-land agrarian Ava continued the classical tradition of Pagan, maritime commercial Pegu was an entirely new kingdom, the first in Lower Myanmar. The situation generated a symbiotic and dualistic geo-political “upstream-downstream” relationship between the two kingdoms that became, thereafter, a recurring historical pattern until today, currently represented by in-land Naypyidaw and “coastal” Yangon.

This book explores international relations, migration, diaspora, trade, war, conquest, and historical memory within and across the Asia-Pacific region from the late fourteenth to the twenty-first ...
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This book explores international relations, migration, diaspora, trade, war, conquest, and historical memory within and across the Asia-Pacific region from the late fourteenth to the twenty-first centuries. Its fifteen chapters are organized by four sections focusing on China and the early modern world, circuits of migration and trade, racism and imperialism, and the significance of Pacific islands. The main temporal focus is on the modern period since the mid-nineteenth century, as well as on the crucial influence exerted by the United States on the Asia-Pacific region during this time. While diplomatic and economic relations are addressed, the chapters are especially concerned with the history from the “bottom up,” including attention to social relations and processes, individual and group agency, and collective memory. The book provides a view of US history from the perspective of the Asia-Pacific region, revealing a vision that is not centered on the narrative of the nation’s movement from East to West. The view from the Pacific Ocean provides a better understanding of the relevance of the past for today’s Pacific world in which the US has become more tightly integrated than ever with the Asia-Pacific region.Less

Pacific America : Histories of Transoceanic Crossings

Published in print: 2017-07-31

This book explores international relations, migration, diaspora, trade, war, conquest, and historical memory within and across the Asia-Pacific region from the late fourteenth to the twenty-first centuries. Its fifteen chapters are organized by four sections focusing on China and the early modern world, circuits of migration and trade, racism and imperialism, and the significance of Pacific islands. The main temporal focus is on the modern period since the mid-nineteenth century, as well as on the crucial influence exerted by the United States on the Asia-Pacific region during this time. While diplomatic and economic relations are addressed, the chapters are especially concerned with the history from the “bottom up,” including attention to social relations and processes, individual and group agency, and collective memory. The book provides a view of US history from the perspective of the Asia-Pacific region, revealing a vision that is not centered on the narrative of the nation’s movement from East to West. The view from the Pacific Ocean provides a better understanding of the relevance of the past for today’s Pacific world in which the US has become more tightly integrated than ever with the Asia-Pacific region.

In the early decades of the eighteenth century, Yemen hosted a lively community of merchants that came to the southern Arabian Peninsula from the east and the west, seeking, among other products, ...
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In the early decades of the eighteenth century, Yemen hosted a lively community of merchants that came to the southern Arabian Peninsula from the east and the west, seeking, among other products, coffee, at a time when this new social habit was on the rise. Shipped but not Sold argues that many of the diverse goods that these merchants carried, bought, and sold at the port, also played ceremonial, social, and utilitarian roles in this intensely commercial society that was oriented toward the Indian Ocean. Including sumptuous foreign textiles and robes, Arabian horses, porcelain vessels, spices, aromatics, and Yemeni coffee, these items were offered, displayed, exchanged, consumed, or utilized by major merchants in a number of socially exclusive practices that affirmed their identity and status, but also sustained the livelihood of their business ventures. These traders invested these objects with layers of social meaning through a number of repetitive ceremonial exercises and observances, in addition to their everyday protocols of the trade. This study looks at what happened to these local and imported commodities that were diverted from the marketplace to be used for a set of directives that were seemingly quite non-transactional.Less

Shipped but Not Sold : Material Culture and the Social Protocols of Trade during Yemen's Age of Coffee

Nancy Um

Published in print: 2017-05-31

In the early decades of the eighteenth century, Yemen hosted a lively community of merchants that came to the southern Arabian Peninsula from the east and the west, seeking, among other products, coffee, at a time when this new social habit was on the rise. Shipped but not Sold argues that many of the diverse goods that these merchants carried, bought, and sold at the port, also played ceremonial, social, and utilitarian roles in this intensely commercial society that was oriented toward the Indian Ocean. Including sumptuous foreign textiles and robes, Arabian horses, porcelain vessels, spices, aromatics, and Yemeni coffee, these items were offered, displayed, exchanged, consumed, or utilized by major merchants in a number of socially exclusive practices that affirmed their identity and status, but also sustained the livelihood of their business ventures. These traders invested these objects with layers of social meaning through a number of repetitive ceremonial exercises and observances, in addition to their everyday protocols of the trade. This study looks at what happened to these local and imported commodities that were diverted from the marketplace to be used for a set of directives that were seemingly quite non-transactional.

In 2006, dejected members of the Bukit Jalil Estate community faced eviction from their homes in Kuala Lumpur where they had lived for generations. City officials classified plantation residents as ...
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In 2006, dejected members of the Bukit Jalil Estate community faced eviction from their homes in Kuala Lumpur where they had lived for generations. City officials classified plantation residents as squatters and questioned any right they might have to stay. This story epitomizes the dilemma faced by Malaysian Tamils in recent years as they confront the collapse of the plantation system where they have lived and worked for generations. Foreign workers have been brought in to replace Tamil workers to cut labor costs. As the new migrant workers do not bring their whole families with them, the community structures need no longer be sustained, allowing more land to be converted to mechanized palm oil production or lucrative housing developments. Tamils find themselves increasingly resentful of the fact that lands that were developed and populated by their ancestors are now claimed by Malays as their own; and that the land use patterns in these new townships, are increasingly hostile to the most symbolic vestiges of the Tamil and Hindu presence, the temples. This book is about the fast-approaching end to a way of life, and addresses critical issues in the study of race and ethnicity. It demonstrates which strategies have been most “successful” in navigating the legal and political system of ethnic entitlement and compensation. It shows how, through a variety of strategies, Tamils try to access justice beyond the law-sometimes by using the law, and sometimes by turning to religious symbols and rituals in the murky space between law and justice.Less

Tamils and the Haunting of Justice : History and Recognition in Malaysia's Plantations

Andrew C. Willford

Published in print: 2014-11-30

In 2006, dejected members of the Bukit Jalil Estate community faced eviction from their homes in Kuala Lumpur where they had lived for generations. City officials classified plantation residents as squatters and questioned any right they might have to stay. This story epitomizes the dilemma faced by Malaysian Tamils in recent years as they confront the collapse of the plantation system where they have lived and worked for generations. Foreign workers have been brought in to replace Tamil workers to cut labor costs. As the new migrant workers do not bring their whole families with them, the community structures need no longer be sustained, allowing more land to be converted to mechanized palm oil production or lucrative housing developments. Tamils find themselves increasingly resentful of the fact that lands that were developed and populated by their ancestors are now claimed by Malays as their own; and that the land use patterns in these new townships, are increasingly hostile to the most symbolic vestiges of the Tamil and Hindu presence, the temples. This book is about the fast-approaching end to a way of life, and addresses critical issues in the study of race and ethnicity. It demonstrates which strategies have been most “successful” in navigating the legal and political system of ethnic entitlement and compensation. It shows how, through a variety of strategies, Tamils try to access justice beyond the law-sometimes by using the law, and sometimes by turning to religious symbols and rituals in the murky space between law and justice.

In 1960, South Korean students staged a major series of demonstrations against their government’s abuses of power. Known as the April 19th Revolution, the movement culminated in the resignation of ...
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In 1960, South Korean students staged a major series of demonstrations against their government’s abuses of power. Known as the April 19th Revolution, the movement culminated in the resignation of authoritarian president Syngman Rhee. This book explores media and ideological texts of the post-Korean War years to advance a cultural explanation of that seminal event. It focuses on gendered discourse and ideology that positioned youths as the hope, exemplars, and representatives of the postcolonial nation. Intellectuals and ideologues urged youths to contribute to nation building by enacting patriotic virtues in the everyday. Students also learned about anticolonial resistance as a way to cultivate their nation-centered probity for the postcolonial era. With its emphasis on upstanding youth action, patriotic education of the 1950s ironically prepared students to engage in antigovernment protest on behalf of the nation in April 19th. Not long after that landmark event, however, Park Chung Hee’s coup of May 16, 1961 effected a quick return to authoritarian rule. The Park regime refigured the emphasis on everyday patriotism in order to mobilize men and women for its controversial program of rapid and uneven economic development. Conversely, memories of April 19th formed the basis of South Korea’s student-driven democratization (1964-1987).Less

Youth for Nation : Culture and Protest in Cold War South Korea

Charles R. Kim

Published in print: 2017-06-30

In 1960, South Korean students staged a major series of demonstrations against their government’s abuses of power. Known as the April 19th Revolution, the movement culminated in the resignation of authoritarian president Syngman Rhee. This book explores media and ideological texts of the post-Korean War years to advance a cultural explanation of that seminal event. It focuses on gendered discourse and ideology that positioned youths as the hope, exemplars, and representatives of the postcolonial nation. Intellectuals and ideologues urged youths to contribute to nation building by enacting patriotic virtues in the everyday. Students also learned about anticolonial resistance as a way to cultivate their nation-centered probity for the postcolonial era. With its emphasis on upstanding youth action, patriotic education of the 1950s ironically prepared students to engage in antigovernment protest on behalf of the nation in April 19th. Not long after that landmark event, however, Park Chung Hee’s coup of May 16, 1961 effected a quick return to authoritarian rule. The Park regime refigured the emphasis on everyday patriotism in order to mobilize men and women for its controversial program of rapid and uneven economic development. Conversely, memories of April 19th formed the basis of South Korea’s student-driven democratization (1964-1987).

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