Owing to Oman's geographic position and long coastal line, the coastal areas of Oman are particularly vulnerable to oil pollution from normal tanker operations, illegal discharges, and accidental spills as well as local sources of oil input. UNEP carried out a survey on the coasts of Oman to determine the major sources of oil pollution and concluded that the major shoreline pollution problems in Oman arose from operational discharges of oil from passing vessels traffic. The oil, because of the high sea and air temperatures in the area, was subjected to relatively high rates of evaporation and photo-oxidation and tended to arrive at the coast as heavy petroleum particulate residues (tar balls). The aim of the present study was to measure the loads of tar balls in Omani coastal areas and to identify the source of oil pollutants on beaches.

with recent shoreline retreat rates averaging 30 feet per year. Storms are the primary agents that remove material from the beach, while lost sediments are not replaced because Brazos River sands normally expected to move alongshore are trapped... in the Brazos delta. Hurricanes may free stored deltaic sands carrying major quani ties offshore from beach areas. Beach erosion is further encouraged by decreased sand input to the coast from the Brazos River due to alterations to the river and its drainage...

as they crawl toward the sea. Our objective was to determine whether an alternative lighting system (light-emitting diodes, embedded in the roadway pavement) prevented orientation disruption. Hatchlings at the beach

the City of Manhattan Beach adoption of our local more stringent energy efficiency standards. In accordance that the California Energy Commission approve the local energy efficiency standards amendments as attached. PleaseCity of Manhattan Beach Community Development Phone: (310) 802-5500 FAX: (310) 802-5501 TDD: (310

in a controlled environment by creating repeatable initial conditions of states of dry sand found at the beach., 2009). After flow is turned off, the material settles into a loosely packed state. A board coated: Locomotion of Loggerhead sea turtles on the beach during run from the nest to the water. Video S2: Dorsal

Sea Turtle Observations at Explosive Removals of Energy Structures GREGG R. GITSCHLAG and BRYAN A. HERCZEG Introduction In July 1992 the total number of oil and gas production platformsI in the Gulfof. In that year 51 dead sea turtles were found on upper Texas beaches during mid-March to mid-April following

Dynamical suppression of sea level rise along the Pacific coast of North America: Indications changes in global mean sea level (MSL) rise have important practical implications for shoreline and beach occurred after the mid1970s regime shift, can account for the suppression of regional sea level rise along

Wayne Hu lectures on Secondary Anisotropy in the CMB. The lecture is the first in a series of 3 he delivered as part of the "Cosmology at the Beach" winter school organized by Berkeley Lab's George Smoot in Los Cabos, Mexico from Jan. 12-16, 2009.

., 2007). Sediment may return to the beach face when water recedes, but much remains within the water inundated prairie and marsh lands. Not only does natural disturbance occur along the beaches but Texas beaches are greatly impacted by human... impact and erosion peaking within the past decade. Many prominent beach ecological principles such as ryhthmicity, plasticity, and mobility, have only been laid out this century (Schlacher et al., 2007). Initial beach research examined physical...

Linear edge waves were first found mathematically by Stokes (1846). It has long been a topic of interest, since edge waves are believed to be responsible for the formation of beach cusps. Galvin (1965) was the first to ...

are particularly vulnerable, as they rely on specific beaches for reproduction and exhibit high-nest-site fidelityTechnical Note LiDAR-derived measures of hurricane- and restoration-generated beach morphodynamics

I Spring 2014 | Dr. Al-Kodmany Back to the Beach A Community-Based Approach to Sustainable Economic A Sustainable Economic Development Plan Rooted in Community Miller has incredible ecological assets in its dunes cost of living. But Miller is not without challenges; it suffers from population loss, high

force while their elongation is measured. These tests are performed under controlled temperature equipment. A biaxial geogrid and a nonwoven geotextile were used in these tests, which comprised creepGeosynthetics 2013 April 1-4, Long Beach, California Confined-accelerated Creep Tests

in a professional manner with a wide variety of individuals of all levels within the 49er Foundation, Research, advanced typing skills and knowledge of Microsoft Office (Excel and Word). Must be able to take University Drive, Ste. 332, Long Beach, CA 90815 or visit our web site at www.foundation.csulb.edu for e

Through analyses and design studies, this thesis articulates qualities of environment and architecture that affect the redevelopment of an urban beach. Looking at Boston, Massachusetts' Revere Beach, it examines the impact ...

The marine fecal indicator Enterococcus is measured at beaches to detect fecal contamination events, and beaches are closed to bathers when Enterococcus is found to exceed the federally mandated limit. This dissertation ...

This thesis is an exploration into a spit of land, called Sandy Neck Beach on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. It is a barrier beach system which is experiencing many changes. These changes are manifest not only in its physical ...

Geospatial analysis of vulnerable beach-foredune systems from decadal time series of lidar data, Geospatial analysis of vulnerable beach- foredune systems from decadal time series of lidar data, Journal densities; therefore, geospatial analysis, when applied to decadal lidar time series, needs to address

Wave run-up on a high-energy dissipative beach Peter Ruggiero Coastal and Marine Geology Program, U in foreshore beach morphology, wave run-up data collected along the central Oregon coast during February 1996 stand in contrast to run-up data currently available in the literature. During a single data run lasting

SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SANDY BEACHES IN WESTERN PORTION OF PUERTO RICO By Gretchen M in GEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MAYAGÜEZ CAMPUS 2005 Approved by of the Department #12;ii Abstract Remote sensing applications to beach system in Puerto Rico have been limited

on their feathers is heavy fuel oil mixed with lubricants, the mixture found in bilges of large vessels. BeachedThe extent of chronic marine oil pollution in southeastern Newfoundland waters assessed through America. Oiled seabirds have washed up on beaches in Newfoundland for many decades. Most oil

Stand on any beach and you realise that there is no shortage of water. Desalination is a proven and will enjoy: follows the journey of a water drop, Crystal, through the desalination process on her way

and calibrated for mild slopes are applied to the barred-beach. Expectedly, errors on depth prediction occur techniques such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), are still quite problematic under the current state

slope 1:60 are investigated under the effects of wave action. The hypothesis that the beach profile reaches a repeatable equilibrium form is tested. The entire profile is found not to have a repeatable equili. ? brium shape, possibly due to minor... uncontrollable water level varia- tions. Certain features of the profile are found to exhibit better qualities than others. The maximum height of the beach crest above the still water level is determined to have a two-dimensional repeatable stable shape...

HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF AN ARTIFICIAL TIDAL INLET THROUGH A TEXAS BARRIER BEACH A Thesis by STANLEY HAROLD PRATHER Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE August 1972 Major Sub]ect: Civil Engineering HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF AN ARTIFICIAL TIDAL INLET THROUGH A TEXAS BARRIER BEACH A Thesis by STANLEY HAROLD PRATHER Approved as to style and content by: (Chairman of Committee) (( (Head...

An investigation was made of storm damage during the winter of 1982-83 to the National Park Service's Stinson Beach Park. The investigation included an assessment of the storm damage, evaluation of physical processes contributing to the damage, subsequent beach recovery, and the feasibility of implementing shoreline protection measure to reduce future risk. During the winter of 1982-83, the beach was almost completely denuded of sand, wave overwash damaged the foredune, vegetation on the foredune was destroyed, and backshore flooding occurred. Two structures and a parking lot were endangered as the shoreline receded. Subsequent recovery of the park beach was rapid. By January 1982 sand had moved back onshore and a beach berm was beginning to reform. The foredune and dune vegetation received the only permanent damage. Four shoreline protection alternatives were evaluated. These include no action, dune development/enhancement, construction of a rock riprap revetment, and offshore installation of artificial seaweed. The first costs (estimated costs, excluding maintenance) range from about $90,000 to $475,000. The least-cost protection measure is riprap revetment, which protects the two structures and parking lot endangered during the 1982-83 winter storms. Construction of a foredune along the entire park beach is the highest cost protection measure. If no shore protection action measures are implemented, wave overwash of the foredune can be expected to occur on the average of every 2 to 3 years, and beach degradation, similar to that during the 1982-83 winter, can be expected to occur on the average of every 10 to 12 years. 12 references, 19 figures, 18 tables.

. In this paper we present field measurements and modeling studies aimed at evaluating the impact of small storm is minimal and human contact likely. Outdoor water conservation and urban retrofits that minimize the volume beach water quality in Newport Bay and other urban-impacted enclosed beaches. INTRODUCTION Enclosed

To appear: Proceedings 2002 National Conference on Beach Preservation Technology, FSBPA. FEDERAL and unpublished knowledge of specific inlets in the United States. INTRODUCTION The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to fully populate it. The Federal Inlets Database will 1) Applied Technology and Management, Inc., 2770 NW

,395,000 (35 percent). Of that amount, the cost of lands, easements, rights-of-way, relocations, and dredged the cost of protecting that portion of beach. The non-Federal sponsor for the project is the Town of Edisto for the berm and dune construction and renourishment will be dredged from a borrow site located approximately 1

HOW TO GET TO ODU DENTAL HYGIENE CARE FACILITY From Virginia Beach: Take 264 West to Downtown on your left. The Dental Hygiene Care facility is located on the corner of Hampton Blvd and 47th street the Dental Hygiene Care Facility front office once you have parked in the garage. From Williamsburg: Take I

Oil spill nears the beaches of Florida, and the leak may not be plugged before Christmas By David Gardner Last updated at 11:32 AM on 3rd June 2010 BP's giant oil slick was bearing down on Florida holidaymakers a year visit Florida and state leaders fear the oil will devastate a tourist industry

. Because rock crab is a valuable commercial species as well as an important food source of lobsters (EnnisSIZE COMPOSITION AND GROWTH OF YOUNG ROCK CRAB, CANCER IRRORATUS, ON A ROCKY BEACH IN MAINE! JAY S KROUSE' ABSTRACT Monthly hand collections of small rock crab, Cancer irrorallls, were made from

The IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 1995 Scientific Assessment, Chapter 7. Sea Level Change, presents a modest revision of the similar chapter in the 1990 Assessment. Principal conclusions on observed sea-level change and the principal terms in the sea-level equation (ocean thermal expansion, glaciers, ice sheets, and land hydrology), including our knowledge of the present-day (defined as the 20th Century) components of sea-level rise, and projections of these for the future, are presented here. Some of the interesting glaciological problems which are involved in these studies are discussed in more detail. The emphasis here is on trends over decades to a century, not on shorter variations nor on those of the geologic past. Unfortunately, some of the IPCC projections had not been agreed at the time of writing of this paper, and these projections will not be given here. 15 refs., 2 figs.

Forest Park Beach, a coastal-development project on the shore of Lake Michigan at Lake Forest, Illinois, consists of a series of segmented, rubble-mound breakwaters that form four beach cells and a small-boat launch basin. The project was designed to have minimal impact on local littoral-transport processes. The 9-hectare footprint extends no more than 107 m lakeward of the preconstruction shoreline; the arcuate plan for the project was designed to facilitate littoral sediment bypass. In order to evaluate the project's impact on littoral processes, the City of Lake Forest is required to conduct a monitoring program to identify any adverse effects such as updrift accretion and downdrift erosion. Annual and semi-annual monitoring has been underway since project completion in 1987. In 1991, the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS) began independent data collection and review of the annual monitoring data. As of the 1992 ISGS monitoring, the project is allowing for the development of natural bypass by the littoral-sediment stream. A bar occurs in 0.9 to 1.2 m of water on the north side of the project and continues as an accretionary wedge along the lakeward side of the breakwaters for approximately two-thirds of the project length. One adverse impact is that the beach cells are acting as traps for fine sand, with the greatest entrapment in the three northern (updrift) cells. Comparison of 1987 and 1992 profiles from the beach cells indicates nearshore accretion of as much as two meters. To date no detrimental effects to shoreline properties have been documented downdrift of the project.

The earth' s global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.5[degrees]C over the past 100 years. This warming trend has occurred concurrently with increases in the concentration and number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases may cause this trend to accelerate in the future and result in a net increase in the earth's global mean surface air temperature of 1.5 to 4.5[degrees]C by the year 2100. An increase of this magnitude could cause sea surface temperatures to increase would cause sea levels to rise -from thermal expansion of the sea, and the addition of melt waters from alpine glaciers and continental ice sheets. To allow for the cost-effective analysis of the impacts that sea-level rise may have on the US Southeast, a method is needed that will allow sites that are potentially at risk to be identified for study. Previously, no objective method was available to identify such sites. This project addresses this problem by using a geographic data base with information on both physical and climatological factors to identify coastal areas of the US Southeast that are at risk to inundation or accelerated erosion due to sea-level rise. The following six areas were selected for further study from the many identified as being at high risk: Galveston, Texas; Caminada Pass, Louisiana; Bradenton Beach, Florida; Daytona Beach, Florida; McClellanville, South Carolina; and Nags Head, North Carolina. For each study area the amount of land, by land use type, in danger from inundation from three sea-level-rise scenarios was calculated. The calculated values were based on elevation alone.

The earth` s global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.5{degrees}C over the past 100 years. This warming trend has occurred concurrently with increases in the concentration and number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases may cause this trend to accelerate in the future and result in a net increase in the earth`s global mean surface air temperature of 1.5 to 4.5{degrees}C by the year 2100. An increase of this magnitude could cause sea surface temperatures to increase would cause sea levels to rise -from thermal expansion of the sea, and the addition of melt waters from alpine glaciers and continental ice sheets. To allow for the cost-effective analysis of the impacts that sea-level rise may have on the US Southeast, a method is needed that will allow sites that are potentially at risk to be identified for study. Previously, no objective method was available to identify such sites. This project addresses this problem by using a geographic data base with information on both physical and climatological factors to identify coastal areas of the US Southeast that are at risk to inundation or accelerated erosion due to sea-level rise. The following six areas were selected for further study from the many identified as being at high risk: Galveston, Texas; Caminada Pass, Louisiana; Bradenton Beach, Florida; Daytona Beach, Florida; McClellanville, South Carolina; and Nags Head, North Carolina. For each study area the amount of land, by land use type, in danger from inundation from three sea-level-rise scenarios was calculated. The calculated values were based on elevation alone.

International Energy Agency Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 #12;4 Central North Sea ­ CO2 Storage Hub within the UK and EU. CCS development zones can also attract new energy intensive industries to locate of intermittency which is inevitable with wind power, thereby helping to address the need for energy security

In a study sponsored by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Pacific Northwest Laboratory has developed and applied a methodology for deriving plant-specific risk-based inspection guidance for the auxiliary feedwater (AFW) system at pressurized water reactors that have not undergone probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). This methodology uses existing PRA results and plant operating experience information. Existing PRA-based inspection guidance information recently developed for the NRC for various plants was used to identify generic component failure modes. This information was then combined with plant-specific and industry-wide component information and failure data to identify failure modes and failure mechanisms for the AFW system at the selected plants. Point Beach was selected as one of a series of plants for study. The product of this effort is a prioritized listing of AFW failures which have occurred at the plant and at other PWRS. This listing is intended for use by NRC inspectors in the preparation of inspection plans addressing AFW risk-important components at the Point Beach plant.

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Hierarchically Structured John Beach, Washington University to increase the efficiency of these solar cells. One of the barriers that needs to be overcome to make dye-sensitized in St. Louis, 2012 SURF Fellow Advisor: Prof. Zhiqun Lin; Mentor: Dr. Xukai Xin Introduction Dye-sensitized

DOE is proposing to fund Virginia Electric and Power Company's Virginia Offshore Wind Technology Advancement Project (VOWTAP). The proposed VOWTAP project consists of design, construction and operation of a 12 megawatt offshore wind facility located approximately 24 nautical miles off the coast of Virginia Beach, VA on the Outer Continental Shelf.

Polar Sea Ice Mapping Using SeaWinds Data Hyrum S. Anderson and David G. Long Brigham Young for mapping polar sea ice extent. In this study, a new al- gorithm for polar sea ice mapping is developed of Bayes detection to produce sea ice extent maps. Statistical models for sea ice and ocean are represented

The Portland District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is investigating plans to provide sediment to nourish beaches north of the Mouth of the Columbia River (MCR). Under the currently designed proposal, sediment dredged from the MCR will be temporarily stored at one of three proposed areas south of the North Jetty before being redredged and moved by a cutterhead pipeline dredge over the jetty to nourish Benson Beach. Resulting potential impacts to resident Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) and fishes represent one of the criteria for evaluating each of the alternative locations. To establish the species composition and relative abundance of crabs and fishes associated with each of the three proposed sump areas, researchers from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Marine Sciences Division completed nine field sampling trips from July 8, 2003, to November 1, 2003, for a total of 113 successful trawls comprising an area of over 7.4 ha (74,156 m2). This report documents the results of that effort. To understand the relative risk of losses to crab populations associated with dredging impacts at the sump alternative areas, it is recommended that a modified dredge impact model be developed using the data collected in this study. This model should estimate crab adult equivalent loss and associated error rates to gain a population-level perspective on the potential entrainment impacts at each of the three alternative sump areas. As well, a sustained survey of Dungeness crab distribution and movement within the Columbia River estuary would clarify the relative value of the sump areas as a migratory corridor for crab populations, and support management decisions relative to issues associated with dredged material handling and disposal.

The primary objective of this project was to evaluate the utility of a device called the ``beach cone`` in combating coastal erosion. Seven initial sites were selected for testing beach cones in a variety of geometric configurations, and six sites were actually used. Six hundred beach cones were installed at the six sites in late July and early August, 1992. An additional 109 cones were installed at an eighth site in December of 1992. Findings indicate that beach cones accreted significant amounts of materials along the beach of a barrier island. At the eighth installation the amount of accreted material was measured by surveys to be 2200 cubic meters (2900 cubic yards) in February of 1993, when the cones were found to have been completely covered by the material. The average increase in elevation was about 7 inches (0. 18 in) with a maximum buildup of 3 ft. (I in). At other test sites, accretion rates have been less dramatic but importantly, no significant additional erosion has occurred, which is a positive result. The cost of sediment accretion using beach cones was found to be about $13.72 per cubic yard of sand or approximately $500,000 per mile of beach, which would be much lower if the cones were mass produced. The survival of the cones through the fringes of Hurricane Andrew indicates that they can be anchored sufficiently to survive significant storms. The measurements of the cones settling rates indicate that this effect is negligible, does not hinder their effectiveness. We do not yet have sufficient data to state the categorical success of the beach cones, but results to date are encouraging.

for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1973 Major Subject: C''oil Engineering AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PROGRESSIVE WAVES ON AN OIL SLICK RETAINED BY AN ABSORBER BEACH A Thesis by YAU-MING HUANG Approved as to style and content by..., Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. 1. determine the relationship between oil slick setup including certain oil properties and the wave charac- teristics; and to 2. determine the basic mechanism responsible for this relation...

Doppler radars can distinguish targets from clutter if the target's velocity along the radar line of sight is beyond that of the clutter. Some targets of interest may have a Doppler shift similar to that of clutter. The nature of sea clutter is different in the clutter and exo-clutter regions. This behavior requires special consideration regarding where a radar can expect to find sea-clutter returns in Doppler space and what detection algorithms are most appropriate to help mitigate false alarms and increase probability of detection of a target. This paper studies the existing state-of-the-art in the understanding of Doppler characteristics of sea clutter and scattering from the ocean to better understand the design and performance choices of a radar in differentiating targets from clutter under prevailing sea conditions.

they are classed as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable . Human impacts include both purposeful and global warming. Because all sea turtle populations have distributions comprising multipl e range states

This paper tries to determine the origin of springs on the Costa Verde beach, located in the district of Barranco, Miraflores and Magdalena, province of Lima, Peru. These springs emerge near the shoreline, from the lower layers of a 80 meter high cliff. They have survived the process of urbanization of agricultural land, started in the early 70, which decreased the water table aquifer of Lima, and wiped the water leaks from the cliffs. To identify the source of the springs, isotopic, physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis was carried out for samples from five springs. The isotopic concentrations in waters from Costa Verde springs are depleted compared to those obtained for Lima aquifer waters, which is recharged by infiltration of the Rimac River. The measured values of those concentrations suggest that water from the Costa Verde springs should come from a direct recharge in the upper and middle basin, due to infiltration of rainfall or the river at an altitude of about 3600 m. Conductivity and tempe...

Sea ice (SI) and ocean variability in marginal polar and subpolar seas are closely coupled. SI variability in the Labrador Sea is of climatic interest because of its relationship to deep convection/mode water formation, ...

The primary objective of this project was to evaluate the utility of a device called the {open_quotes}beach cone{close_quotes} in combating coastal erosion. Seven initial sites were selected for testing beach cones in a variety of geometric configurations. Permits were obtained from the State of Louisiana and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to perform the work associated with this study. Six hundred beach cones were actually installed at six of the sites in late July and early August, 1992. Findings indicate that beach cones accreted significant amounts of materials along the beach of a barrier island, and they might have been instrumental in repairing an approximately 200 meter gap in the island. At the eighth installation the amount of accreted material was measured by surveys to be 2200 cubic meters (2900 cubic yards) in February of 1993, when the cones were found to have been completely covered by the material. At other test sites, accretion rates have been less dramatic but importantly, no significant additional erosion has occurred, which is a positive result. The cost of sediment accretion using beach cones was found to be about $13.72 per cubic yard, which would be much lower if the cones were mass produced (on the order of $3.00 per cubic yard). The survival of the cones through the fringes of Hurricane Andrew indicates that they can be anchored sufficiently to survive significant storms. The measurements of the cones settling rates indicate that this effect is not significant enough to hinder their effectiveness. A subcontract to Xavier University to assess the ecological quality of the experimental sites involved the study of the biogeochemical cycle of trace metals. The highest concentration of heavy metals were near a fishing camp while the lowest levels were in the beach sand of a barrier island. This suggests that the metals do not occur naturally in these areas, but have been placed in the sediments by man`s activities.

Insight Homes constructed two houses in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, with identical floor plans and thermal envelopes but different heating and domestic hot water (DHW) systems. Each house is 1,715-ft2 with a single story, three bedrooms, two bathrooms, and the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and ductwork located in conditioned crawlspaces. The standard house, which the builder offers as its standard production house, uses an air source heat pump (ASHP) with supplemental propane furnace heating. The Building America test house uses the same ASHP unit with supplemental heat provided by the DHW heater (a combined DHW and hydronic heating system, where the hydronic heating element is in the air handler). Both houses were occupied during the test period. Results indicate that efficiency of the two heating systems was not significantly different. Three issues dominate these results; lower system design performance resulting from the indoor refrigerant coil selected for the standard house, an incorrectly functioning defrost cycle in the standard house, and the low resolution of the natural gas monitoring equipment. The thermal comfort of both houses fell outside the ASHRAE Standard 55 heating range but was within the ACCA room-to-room temperature range when compared to the thermostat temperature. The monitored DHW draw schedules were input into EnergyPlus to evaluate the efficiency of the tankless hot water heater model using the two monitored profiles and the Building America House Simulation Protocols. The results indicate that the simulation is not significantly impacted by the draw profiles.

. As the bar welds to the 17 shore, the beach state changes to a low tide terrace morphology (Wright and Short, 1984). Alternatively, if high energy conditions are introduced, the bar will detach from the shoreline and become more parallel in form, quickly... and whether or not they are expected to support the development of rip currents. Meteorological factors have also shown to have an influence on rip current intensity as 90% of rip current drowning and rescues in two Florida counties took place when wind...

[2] It has long been known that upwelling takes place in the western Arctic Ocean along the edgesSeasonal variation of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Impact of sea ice cover Lena M to characterize differences in upwelling near the shelf break in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea due to varying sea ice

Coastal regions have a high social, economical and environmental importance. Due to this importance the sea level fluctuations can have many bad consequences. In this research the correlation between the increasing trend of temperature in coastal stations due to Global Warming and the Caspian Sea level has been established. The Caspian Sea level data has been received from the Jason-1 satellite. It was resulted that the monthly correlation between the temperature and sea level is high and also positive and almost the same for all the stations. But the yearly correlation was negative. It means that the sea level has decreased by the increase in temperature.

(6), 1565Â­1572. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Investigations into eutrophication of Ngau Mei at the bottom layer were observed. This typical phenomenon of eutrophication resulted from nutrient enrichment and both wild and cultured stocks of animals. A primary cause of red tides is believed to be eutrophication

;1 Proceedings of the Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings VII, December 7-11, 1998LBNL-41443 IS-390 Proceedings of the ASHRAE/DOE/BTECC Conference, Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings VII, Clearwater Beach, Florida, December 7-11, 1998 The research reported

The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms responsible for the formation of mobile troughs over a prolific source region in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Two mobile troughs which intensified significantly after formation were...

The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms responsible for the formation of mobile troughs over a prolific source region in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Two mobile troughs which intensified significantly after formation were...

conveniently by applying boundary layer analysis to the vortlcity equation. Munk' s circulation theory divides naturally into two primary regions. I) An interior region in which the lateral-stress terms are negligible and ln which, for zonal winds... of the Problem The problem studied is that of the westward intensification of the wind-driven ocean circulation ln the Caribbean Sea, A rectangular sea is envisaged as representative of the Caribbean Sea with the eastern end in communication with the Atlantic...

archive consists of over 20,000 records over the Antarc- tic pack ice between 1980 and the presentINVESTIGATION OF SEASONAL SEA-ICE THICKNESS VARIABILITY IN THE ROSS SEA Beth A. Schellenberg P1.23 1. INTRODUCTION A number of studies suggest a connections between sea-ice variability

northwards along the Norwegian coast heading towards the Arctic Ocean. Comparison with observational timeA reassessment of the dispersion properties of 99 Tc in the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea Steinar radionuclide Technetium-99 (99 Tc) in the North and Norwegian Seas have been simulated with a regional

Deep-Sea Research I 49 (2002) 211Â­243 On the Atlantic inflow to the Caribbean Sea William E. Johnsa description of the mean inflow distribution in the passages connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the Caribbean Sea. The total Caribbean inflow of 28 Sv is shown to be partitioned approximately equally between

Dr. Rachel Obbard and her research group from Dartmouth College traveled to the Antarctic to collect samples of sea ice. Next stop: the GeoSoilEnviroCARS x-ray beamline at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois. This U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science synchrotron x-ray research facility gave the Obbard team the frontier scientific tools they needed to study the path bromide takes as it travels from the ocean to the atmosphere.

Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri), South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens), and Steller sea lion, and the integration of data across scales and species. Our modeling exercise, in particular, identified the major

, the sharp decline of the summer Arc- tic sea ice pack is probably the most dramatic. For example, the area and 1990's. While global climate models generally predict de- clines in the polar sea ice packs over the 21, such as the growth and decay of seasonal ice, the evolu- tion of ice pack reflectance, and biomass build

containing both liquid brine and solid (pure water) ice. Frad is the flux of penetrating solar radiation. Thus the thermal properties of sea ice are composed of those of the solid and liquid phases that make up sea ice. Fixed-salinity models used in older...

of Mexico is separated frOIn the Atlantic Ocean by the Straits of Florida, ~bout 110 nautical miles wide of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea or the Atlantic Ocean through the Yucatan Channel and the Straits. On the other hand, H. humeralis and H. clupeola are very abundant in the Caribbean Sea but penetrate

;Executive summary The North Sea Whitefish (NSW) survey sailed on 31 May 2010, fishing operations began on 1North Sea Whitefish Survey: 2010 Prepared by Chris Darby, Danny Normandale, Matthew Parker the first two surveys are encouraging. The NSW recorded a good range of ages for all target species in all

;Executive summary The North Sea Whitefish (NSW) survey sailed on 11 June 2011, fishing operations beganNorth Sea Whitefish Survey: 2011 Prepared by Chris Darby, Danny Normandale, Matthew Parker the three NSW surveys are starting to provide a valuable evaluation of the dynamics of the three target

Sea Level Rise Adaptation: From Climate Chaos to Climate Resilience Human Dimensions and Ocean, 2013 #12;Main Discussion Points · How do we incorporate Sea-Level Rise into planning and regulatory actions? · What Does the new NRC Report on Sea- Level Rise mean to Decision-makers? · How does Sea-Level

Aspects of the circulation and convection in the Irminger Sea are investigated using a variety of in-situ, satellite, and atmospheric reanalysis products. Westerly Greenland tip jet events are intense, small-scale wind ...

A detailed examination of the development of a deep convection event observed in the Greenland Sea in 1988-89 is carried out through a combination of modeling, scale estimates, and data analysis. We develop a prognostic ...

The response of the land and sea breeze circulation to two highly simplified dynamical models is presented. The first dynamical model is the explicit specification of an oscillating interior heat source analogous to that from Rotunno (1983...

of the United States in the disputed area. The 1950 Texas case concerned claims encompassing the entire extent of the continental shelf off the coast of Texas. Texas conceded that the federal aovernment had paramount powers over this area with respect to nav... development and current status of state authority in the territorial sea. The possi- bility of the United States expanding its territorial sea to twelve miles is then examined. This paper then proceeds with an examination of what types of authoritl...

Accomplishments Sea Grant's work is helping coastal communities make efficient use of land, energy and water to develop a lowimpact development ordinance designed to balance multiple uses and optimize environmental stability. The ordinance was endorsed by the Los Angeles City Council and signed by the Mayor. Sea level

the shelfbreak.18 19 20 21 22 #12;2 INTRODUCTION23 It has long been known that upwelling takes place Seasonal variation of upwelling in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea: Impact of sea ice cover Lena M deployed from August 2002 ­ September 2004 are used to2 characterize differences in upwelling near

Voice of the Sea Wins Six Telly Awards Voice of the Sea television series, a signature project Awards, which are the premier regional television awards honoring excellence in programming. Voice." Voice of the Sea won a silver Telly, the most prestigious award, for Cultural Programming. Voice

The X-band marine radar is one type of remote sensing technology which is being increasingly used to measure sea surface waves nowadays. In this thesis, how to reconstruct sea surface wave elevation maps from X-band marine ...

with entrainment of frazil ice into deformed, multiple layers of rafted nilas, indicative of a flaw-lead resuspension and subsequent ice entrainment (420 m for the Chukchi Sea). Sediment loads averaged at 128 t km­2 deep for resuspension and entrainment) is at minimum 4 Â 106 t in the sampling area and is estimated

'OWLEDGEMENT The research described in this thesis was conducted as part of the U . S. Coast. Guard's Oil Spill Pro)ect at Texas A&M University. The author wishes to extend his sincere appreciation to Dr. D. R. Basco, Chairman of the author's graduate committee, for his... PAGE 62 65 70 INTRODUCTION The problem of oil spilled on the open sea is currently of great concern as is recently attested to by the Santa Barbara and Torrey Canyon Spills. At present, the most satisfactory way of deal- ing with an oil spill...

Climate Change AND Sea-Level Rise IN Florida AN Update OF THE EFFECTS OF Climate Change ON FLORIDA to them. Florida Oceans and Coastal Council. 2010. Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise in Florida: An Update, sea-level rise, with the expectation that updates for increasing greenhouse gases, air temperature

Summary...................................................................................................ii What Is Sea Level, What Causes It to Change, and What Can We Measure?..1 The Global Context, then the sea level appears to be rising, and vice versa. Also, even if the oceans are globally warming climate change are usu- ally focused on sea level rise rather than on warming. In Florida most long

OASIS3 Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil User's Guide oasis3 prism 2­2, June 2004 Sophie Valcke 1 to realize a coupled simulation with OASIS3. The aim of OASIS3 is to provide a flexible and user friendly. OASIS3 synchronizes the exchanges of coupling fields between the models being coupled, and performs 2D

OASIS3 Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil User's Guide oasis3 prism 2­3, August 2004 Sophie Valcke 1 to realize a coupled simulation with OASIS3. The aim of OASIS3 is to provide a flexible and user friendly. OASIS3 synchronizes the exchanges of coupling fields between the models being coupled, and performs 2D

OASIS 2.0 Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil User's Guide and Reference Manual November 1995 Laurent for the straightforward use of OASIS 2.0. As far as we know, it is the best way to use it! The aim of OASIS is to provide been particularly emphasized in the OASIS design. The use of OASIS does not change the way the models

#12;EUTROPHICATION OF SWEDISH SEAS Donald Boesch Robert Hecky Charles O'Melia, Chair David and the water mass. In the in-depth evaluation of the environmental quality objective "Zero Eutrophication to achieve the environmental quality objective. An international panel of highly qualified eutrophication

by this bacterium primarily affects freshwater fish such as cattfish, several species of bass, and many species and Treatment of "Aeromonas hydrophila" Infection of Fish LaDon Swann Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant Program Purdue University Introduction Aeromonas hydrophila causes disease in fish known as "Motile Aeromonas Septicemia

Structural Degradation in Mediterranean Sea Food Webs: Testing Ecological Hypotheses Using in species composition and abun- dance in marine ecosystems which translate into degradation of food of ecosystem degradation. We assembled species lists and ecological information for both re- gions and time

A description is given of the project management organization and the management control systems used for Conoco's Murchison field development in the North Sea. These systems created for Murchison proved largely successful and have been enhanced for use during the Hutton field development. Management concepts are described in the context of the cost control system. 3 refs.

for the program is provided by the following agencies: Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada) Deutsche&M University, as an account of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program which is managedDEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT DATA FILE DOCUMENTS Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University Technical

Evaluating the substantive effectiveness of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is vital in order to know to what extent the tool fulfills its purposes and produces expected results. However, the studies that have evaluated the substantive effectiveness of SEA produce varying outcomes as regards the tool's contribution to decision-making and have used a variety of approaches to appraise its effectiveness. The aim of this article is to discuss the theoretical concept of SEA substantive effectiveness and to present a new approach that can be applied for evaluation studies. The SEA effectiveness evaluation framework that will be presented is composed of concepts of, and approaches to, SEA effectiveness derived from SEA literature and planning theory. Lessons for evaluation can be learned from planning theory in particular, given its long history of analyzing and understanding how sources of information and decisions affect (subsequent) decision-making. Key concepts of this new approach are 'conformance' and 'performance'. In addition, this article presents a systematic overview of process and context factors that can explain SEA effectiveness, derived from SEA literature. To illustrate the practical value of our framework for the assessment and understanding of substantive effectiveness of SEA, three Dutch SEA case studies are examined. The case studies have confirmed the usefulness of the SEA effectiveness assessment framework. The framework proved helpful in order to describe the cumulative influence of the three SEAs on decision-making and the ultimate plan. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A new framework to evaluate the substantive effectiveness of SEA is presented. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The framework is based on two key concepts: 'conformance' and 'performance.' Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The practical applicability of the framework is demonstrated by three Dutch cases. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The framework allows for a more systematic understanding of SEA effectiveness. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Finally, this paper presents explanations for SEA effectiveness.

.g. Scott et al., 2011; Brander et al., 2013). In high-income countries (HICs) such as the United States States (United States Lifesaving Association, 2011) and 29 in Australia (Surf Life Saving Australia, 2011 performed for a long time. Yet, fatal drownings at beaches still occur with about 100 reported in the United

The problem of penetration of radioactive industrially polluted water into the central Baltic Sea was studied. The content of Cs-134 as determined in water near the bottom of deep water trenches along the path traveled by North Sea water entering the Baltic. Samples were taken at 5 locations, with Cs-134 concentrated from samples of several thousands of liters. It was found that radioactive pollution caused by the entry of water from the North Sea extends through the system of deep water depressions into the Baltic as far as the Gotland trench. The greatest degree of contamination is found in the Arkona depression adjacent to the straits. The concentration of Cs-134 in the Gdansk trench is one-half as great and in the Gotland trench one-third as great as in the Arkona depression. Radioactive contamination in the Baltic is attributed to discharge of radioactive wastes by plants at Windscale.

This book reports on the emerging technology on the extraction of scarce and valuable metals from the seas, oceans, sea sediments and dilute solutions, and particularly of gold, silver and uranium, that has been surveyed and critically evaluated. The emphasis has been laid on gold and uranium since they are the most coveted metals. Co-recovery of these elements with others which are present in seawater, e.g. lithium, vanadium, magnesium, has also been described. The seas, oceans and sea sediments comprise enormous amounts of valuable metals worth trillions of dollars. Because of very high dilution the conventional technological methods for their recovery cannot be applied. Intensive R and D and engineering studies are underway. They undoubtedly will advance the day when a profitable recovery of the scarce and valuable metals from the seas, oceans, sea sediments, and other dilute solutions, will become a reality.

NAO influence on net sea ice production and exchanges in the Arctic region Aixue Hu National Center of the net sea ice production and the sea ice exchanges between the Arctic and its adjacent seas are studied) is the major factor controlling the net sea ice production in the Arctic region since a thinning ice cover

NAO influence on net sea ice production and exchanges in the Arctic region: a numerical study Aixue The variability of net sea ice production and sea ice exchange between the Arctic and its adjacent seas export) is the major factor controlling the net sea ice production in the Arctic region since a thinning

, as the direct radiative effects of cloud cover changes are compensated for by changes in the temperature The connection between sea ice variability and cloud cover over the Arctic seas during autumn is investigated that cloud cover variability near the sea ice margins is strongly linked to sea ice variability. Sea ice

Analysis of the risks of sea-level rise favours conventionally measured metrics such as the area of land that may be subsumed, the numbers of properties at risk, and the capital values of assets at risk. Despite this, it is clear that there exist many less material but no less important values at risk from sea-level rise. This paper re-theorises these multifarious social values at risk from sea-level rise, by explaining their diverse nature, and grounding them in the everyday practices of people living in coastal places. It is informed by a review and analysis of research on social values from within the fields of social impact assessment, human geography, psychology, decision analysis, and climate change adaptation. From this we propose that it is the ‘lived values’ of coastal places that are most at risk from sea-level rise. We then offer a framework that groups these lived values into five types: those that are physiological in nature, and those that relate to issues of security, belonging, esteem, and self-actualisation. This framework of lived values at risk from sea-level rise can guide empirical research investigating the social impacts of sea-level rise, as well as the impacts of actions to adapt to sea-level rise. It also offers a basis for identifying the distribution of related social outcomes across populations exposed to sea-level rise or sea-level rise policies.

Knowledge of the size- and composition-dependent production flux of primary sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles and its dependence on environmental variables is required for modeling cloud microphysical properties and aerosol radiative influences, interpreting measurements of particulate matter in coastal areas and its relation to air quality, and evaluating rates of uptake and reactions of gases in sea spray drops. This review examines recent research pertinent to SSA production flux, which deals mainly with production of particles with r{sub 80} (equilibrium radius at 80% relative humidity) less than 1 {micro}m and as small as 0.01 {micro}m. Production of sea spray particles and its dependence on controlling factors has been investigated in laboratory studies that have examined the dependences on water temperature, salinity, and the presence of organics and in field measurements with micrometeorological techniques that use newly developed fast optical particle sizers. Extensive measurements show that water-insoluble organic matter contributes substantially to the composition of SSA particles with r{sub 80} < 0.25 {micro}m and, in locations with high biological activity, can be the dominant constituent. Order-of-magnitude variation remains in estimates of the size-dependent production flux per white area, the quantity central to formulations of the production flux based on the whitecap method. This variation indicates that the production flux may depend on quantities such as the volume flux of air bubbles to the surface that are not accounted for in current models. Variation in estimates of the whitecap fraction as a function of wind speed contributes additional, comparable uncertainty to production flux estimates.

the Norwegian Atlantic Current (NwAC) splits into the West Spitsbergen Current that flows north towar (Norwegian, Iceland, Greenland seas) is explained by the annual mass-related changes. The analysis European coast and three archipelagoes--Spitsbergen, Franz Josef Land, and Novaya Zemlya (Fig. 1a

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualProperty Edit with form HistoryRistma AG Jump638324Â°,Schnell ZTools and Guidelines JumpSeaGen

The modulation of air–sea heat fluxes by geostrophic eddies due to the stirring of temperature at the sea surface is discussed and quantified. It is argued that the damping of eddy temperature variance by such air–sea ...

USE OF ELECTRICITY IN THE CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREYS Marine Biological Laboratory LIBRAKY APR 21 1153 Service, Albert M. Day, Director USE OF ELECTRICITY IN THE CONTROL OF SEA LAMPREYS: ELECTROMECHANICAL WEIRS AND TRAPS AND ELECTRICAL BARRIERS by Vernon C. Apple gate and Bernard R. Smith Fishery Research

Arctic sea ice is an important component of the global climate system, reflecting a significant amount of solar radiation, insulating the ocean from the atmosphere and influencing ocean circulation by modifying the salinity of the upper ocean. The thickness and extent of Arctic sea ice have shown a significant decline in recent decades with implications for global climate as well as regional geopolitics. Increasing interest in exploration as well as climate feedback effects make predictive mathematical modeling of sea ice a task of tremendous practical import. Satellite data obtained over the last few decades have provided a wealth of information on sea ice motion and deformation. The data clearly show that ice deformation is focused along narrow linear features and this type of deformation is not well-represented in existing models. To improve sea ice dynamics we have incorporated an anisotropic rheology into the Los Alamos National Laboratory global sea ice model, CICE. Sensitivity analyses were performed using the Design Analysis Kit for Optimization and Terascale Applications (DAKOTA) to determine the impact of material parameters on sea ice response functions. Two material strength parameters that exhibited the most significant impact on responses were further analyzed to evaluate their influence on quantitative comparisons between model output and data. The sensitivity analysis along with ten year model runs indicate that while the anisotropic rheology provides some benefit in velocity predictions, additional improvements are required to make this material model a viable alternative for global sea ice simulations.

thermodynamics, varying open water fraction, an energy balance atmosphere, and scalable CO2. We find that summer.e., reflectiveness) between sea ice and the open water that is exposed when it melts. Bare or snow-covered sea ice reflects most sunlight back to space, while the dark ocean surface absorbs most incident light. Global

GLOBAL PATTERN OF MESOSCALE VARIABILITY IN SEA SURFACE HEIGHT AND ITS DYNAMICAL CAUSES Alexey separate the mesoscale variability of sea surface heights into its spatial and temporal components of mesoscale variability in different areas to dynamical causes. Major portion of it can be explained

Virginia Wetlands Report Sea Level Rise & Other Coastal Hazards: The Risks of Coastal Living See. Climate change is bringing increased temperatures, rising sea level, more frequent storms and increased in tide levels. From these records it is not only clear that water levels are rising, they appear

Climate change impact on the Mediterranean Sea circulation: a regional modelling approach Samuel number of studies about the stability of the THC in climate change scenario. A large range of climate Sea (Artegiani et al., 1997) which is the main source of the Eastern Mediterranean Deep Water. Past-climate

representing the wind field in the lowest 4 km. Results show that changes in the large-scale wind pattern, as seen at 850 mb, can explain differences in the sea breeze circulation. Onshore flow leads to a faster moving sea breeze front whereas light opposing...

Deep-sea corals are found on hard substrates on seamounts and continental margins world-wide at depths of 300 to {approx}3000 meters. Deep-sea coral communities are hotspots of deep ocean biomass and biodiversity, providing critical habitat for fish and invertebrates. Newly applied radiocarbon age date from the deep water proteinaceous corals Gerardia sp. and Leiopathes glaberrima show that radial growth rates are as low as 4 to 35 {micro}m yr{sup -1} and that individual colony longevities are on the order of thousands of years. The management and conservation of deep sea coral communities is challenged by their commercial harvest for the jewelry trade and damage caused by deep water fishing practices. In light of their unusual longevity, a better understanding of deep sea coral ecology and their interrelationships with associated benthic communities is needed to inform coherent international conservation strategies for these important deep-sea ecosystems.

SEA ICE MAPPING ALGORITHM FOR QUIKSCAT AND SEAWINDS Quinn P. Remund and David G. Long Brigham Young@ee.byu.edu Abstruct- Polar sea ice extent is an important input to global climate models and is considered are sensitive to the pres- ence of sea ice. An algorithm has been developed for sea ice extent detection using

NAO influence on net sea ice production and exchanges in the Arctic region Aixue Hu, Claes Rooth and Rainer Bleck February 18, 2003 Abstract The variability of the net sea ice production and the sea ice circulation model. The wind driven divergence (or ice flux export) is the major factor controlling the net sea

Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea-level rise Jochen Hinkela,1st century sea-level rise are assessed on a global scale taking into account a wide range- ment and sea-level rise. Uncertainty in global mean and regional sea level was derived from four

SEA LEVEL RISE, COASTAL RISK, ADAPTATION OPTIONS TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2014 For More Information@odu.edu "Sea Level Rise, Coastal Risk, and Adaptation Options" "Looking at what we know about sea level rise will be explored. A special look will be taken at the Philippines and its situation with sea level rise." Skip

PALeo-constraints on SEA-level rise (PALSEA) - a PAGES/IMAGES working group Coordinators: Mark for the reduction in ice sheets and subsequent rise in sea level over the next century are highly uncertain rise. Interglacial sea levels constrain the global sensitivity of sea-level to radiative forcing. Well

. The overall objective of this study was to quantify heat flow in Steller sea lions under controlled conditions at various water temperatures, flow speeds, and for stationary versus foraging animals. Heat flux and skin temperature data were collected from seven...

This thesis explores the buoyancy-driven circulation in the Red Sea, using a combination of observations, as well as numerical modeling and analytical method. The first part of the thesis investigates the formation mechanism ...

A weakness and multiple vulnerabilities have been reported in Mozilla Thunderbird and SeaMonkey, which can be exploited by malicious people to disclose potentially sensitive information, conduct spoofing attacks, bypass certain security restrictions, and compromise a user's system.

(cont.) In the case of a classical linear sea-level rise of one meter per century, the use of DIVA generally decreases the protection fraction of the coastline, and results in a smaller protection cost because of high ...

Hydrothermal vents and coral ecosystems are conspicuous biological hot spots in the deep-sea. These ecosystems face increasing threats from human activities. Having thorough taxonomic inventories as well as understanding ...

The vast darkness of the deep sea is an environment with few obvious genetic isolating barriers, and little is known regarding the macroevolutionary processes that have shaped present-day biodiversity in this habitat. ...

­3000 m layer during the 1957­1994 period resulted in a sea level rise at a mean rate of about 0.55 mm per sea level rise at a rate of 1.3 ± 0.5 mm/yr if the added water comes from sources other than floating and salinity variability, steric sea level, sea level rise, climate change, Labrador sea Citation: Antonov, J

THE RECOGNITION OF TOXIC CONTAMINANTS IN SEA WATER BY BIOASSAY A Thesis By THOMAS WADE DUKE Submitted to the Graduate School of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE January 1960 Major Subject: Biological Oceanography THE RECOGNITION OF TOXIC CONTAMINANTS IN SEA li'ATER BY BIOASSAY A Thesis THOMAS O'ADE DUKE Approved as to style and content by: ( airman o emmy ee wi, ( ea of Depar me...

SELECTED SIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON DEEP SEA DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES A Thesis by SANDRA LEA PAGE Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE... December 1975 Major Subject: Civil Engineering SELECTED BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON DEEP SEA DISPOSAL OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES A Thesis by SANDRA LEA PAGE Approved as to style and content by: ((chairman of Committee) / / (Head of Department) bger...

THE RECOGNITION OF TOXIC CONTAMINANTS IN SEA WATER BY BIOASSAY A Thesis By THOMAS WADE DUKE Submitted to the Graduate School of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE January 1960 Major Subject: Biological Oceanography THE RECOGNITION OF TOXIC CONTAMINANTS IN SEA li'ATER BY BIOASSAY A Thesis THOMAS O'ADE DUKE Approved as to style and content by: ( airman o emmy ee wi, ( ea of Depar me...

A dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model is developed and coupled with the Melbourne University general circulation model to simulate the seasonal cycle of the Antarctic sea ice distributions The model is efficient, rapid to compute, and useful for a range of climate studies. The thermodynamic part of the sea ice model is similar to that developed by Parkinson and Washington, the dynamics contain a simplified ice rheology that resists compression. The thermodynamics is based on energy conservation at the top surface of the ice/snow, the ice/water interface, and the open water area to determine the ice formation, accretion, and ablation. A lead parameterization is introduced with an effective partitioning scheme for freezing between and under the ice floes. The dynamic calculation determines the motion of ice, which is forced with the atmospheric wind, taking account of ice resistance and rafting. The simulated sea ice distribution compares reasonably well with observations. The seasonal cycle of ice extent is well simulated in phase as well as in magnitude. Simulated sea ice thickness and concentration are also in good agreement with observations over most regions and serve to indicate the importance of advection and ocean drift in the determination of the sea ice distribution. 64 refs., 15 figs., 2 tabs.

pack is determined by the effects of the atmosphere and ocean upon the sea-ice on various time scalesVariations in the age of Arctic sea-ice and summer sea-ice extent Ignatius G. Rigor1,2 and John M] Three of the past six summers have exhibited record low sea-ice extent on the Arctic Ocean. These minima

Is sea level rise accelerating in the Chesapeake Bay? A demonstration of a novel new approach are used to test a novel new analysis method for studies of sea level rise (SLR). The method, based of flooding in recent years. Because of sea level rise (SLR), high tides or storm surges that caused little

The use of existing tankers as a permanently moored floating storage off loading (FSO) or floating production storage and off loading (FPSO) has been wide spread in the oil industry ever since tankers were used for storage. However, the application of an existing tanker for North Sea FPSO use meeting the stringent demands of the regulatory bodies and the harsh environment of the North Sea has withheld operators from using existing tankers in the North Sea. The acceptance of FPSO technology in the North Sea and the proven ability to moor a tanker with a passive mooring system in a harsh environment has opened the avenue to use existing tankers for use as an FPSO in the North Sea. This is also driven by the search for cost effective solutions for field development plans in order to make marginal fields economically exploitable. The potential reuse of an FPSO on a different location also makes the depreciation period of the FPSO vessel life related instead of field life related. Many issues related to the use of an FPSO in the North Sea are currently subject of papers at various forums. This paper, however, only addresses three crucial areas: (1) the criteria for selection of an existing tanker; (2) the use of a passive mooring system; (3) the fatigue assessment and required modifications. The paper is based on experiences gained during the engineering, design and construction phase of the UISGE GORM, the FPSO, which Bluewater will initially use for Amerada Hess Limited`s Fife Field on the UK continental shelf and confirms that the conversion of a suitable tanker to North Sea FPSO use is a technically flexible and an economically attractive solution.

This paper will focus on recent advances in hydraulic fracturing technology with emphasis on North Sea applications. Five generalized applications that will benefit most from advances in technology have been identified. Because North Sea oil and gas field development requires the use of platform facilities for wellhead and processing equipment, deviated and horizontal wells are often used to effectively drain the reservoirs. Many of these wells require fracture stimulation. The success rate of such wells has increased significantly in recent years as a result of the following: Researchers better understand how fractures initiate and grow; Pre-treatment diagnostic techniques have improved substantially; Engineers better understand how completion design affects well performance. With improved understanding of post-frac well performance, engineers can evaluate the feasibility of developing a reservoir through fractured, horizontal wells. In addition to a review of the advances in HPHT technology that would apply to North Sea applications, this paper will identify improvements necessary before these techniques are applied in the North Sea. Hydraulic fracturing is being used more frequently (1) in high-permeability reservoirs to improve the overall profitability of the project, and (2) as an alternative to traditional sand control applications in soft, weakly consolidated reservoirs. The effect of hydraulic fracturing operations on the North Sea environment must be recognized. The advances in fluid design and post-treatment flowback procedures that minimize these effects are discussed. 78 refs., 19 figs.

The Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF) supports many different systems and many differ- ent interconnects. The only common programming interfaces across these systems are BSD Sockets and MPI. Due to the design assumptions such as implicit buffering leading to extra copies, Sockets performance is almost universally lower than the native interface. Even in the cases that Sockets provides similar bandwidth as the native interface, it suffers from excessive CPU usage. MPI is the de-facto interface for intra- job communication, but is difficult to use between jobs and provides no ability to communicate with service nodes or off- system nodes (e.g. for I/O forwarding). We have developed the Common Communication Interface (CCI), a programming interface that exposes the advances in interconnect hardware, notably Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) and operating system (OS) bypass, while imposing as little overhead as possible. This API directly supports inter-job as well as off- system communication. CCI is a lightweight abstraction layer that provides point-to-point messaging and remote memory access. The Cray SeaStar ASIC, with its programmable embedded processor, provides an excellent platform to investigate the properties of various network protocols and programming interfaces. This paper describes our native implementation CCI on the SeaStar platform, and details how we implemented full OS bypass for common operations. We demonstrate a 30% to 50% reduction in latency, more than a six-fold increase in message injection rate, and an almost 7x improvement in bandwidth for small message sizes when compared to the generic Cray Portals implementation.

With the collapse of the Soviet Union the U.S. Navy devised a new strategy, ... FROM THE SEA. This strategy is designed to prepare the Navy for regional challenges. Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction is a major concern of U.S. national defense. This paper uses some historical examples and technological data to postulate conceivable effects from chemical and biological weapons on FROM THE SEA. The focus of this paper is on the operational level of war. The paper addresses what the Navy and the Unified Commander in Chiefs should do to prepare for operations in a contaminated environment. Chemical warfare, Chemical defense, From the sea, Joint Operations, Joint Maritime Operations, Chemical weapons, Biological weapons.

In the present study we evaluate the approaches to estimate the wave energy potential of the western Black Sea shelf with numerical models. For the purpose of our evaluation and due to the lack of long time series of measurements in the selected area of the Black Sea, we compare the modeled mean wave power flux output from the SWAN wave model with the only available long term measurements from the buoy of Gelendzhik for the period 1997-2003 (with gaps). The forcing meteorological data for the numerical wave models for the selected years is extracted from the ERA Interim reanalysis of ECMWF (European Centre for Medium range Forecasts). For the year 2003 we also compare the estimated wave power with the modeled by SWAN, using ALADIN regional atmospheric model winds. We try to identify the shortcomings and limitations of the numerical modeling approach to the evaluation of the wave energy potential in Black Sea.

During the last ice age several quasi-periodic abrupt warming events took place. Known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events their effects were felt globally, although the North Atlantic experienced the largest temperature anomalies. Paleoclimate data shows that the fluctuations often occurred right after massive glacial meltwater releases in the North Atlantic and in bursts of three or four with progressively decreasing strengths. In this study a simple dynamical model of an overturning circulation and sea ice is developed with the goal of understanding the fundamental mechanisms that could have caused the DO events. Interaction between sea ice and the overturning circulation in the model produces self-sustained oscillations. Analysis and numerical experiments reveal that the insulating effect of sea ice causes the ocean to periodically vent out accumulated heat in the deep ocean into the atmosphere. Subjecting the model to idealized freshwater forcing mimicking Heinrich events causes modulation of the natural p...

of the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) was obtained from the Geodynamics Research Institute at Texas A&M University, and along with additional data obtained from NAVOCEANO, provided significant control for mapping in the study area (Figure 9). The GSJ.... C. Hilde The Toyama Deep Sea Fan, a contemporary depositional feature located in the Japan Sea, is a canyon-fed elongate fan system with pronounced lobes in both the Yamato and Japan Basins. The Toyama Fan is the eighth largest modern fan system...

and Bowen (1973) reported measurements of plutonium in six cores taken in 1969 through 1971 in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterran- ean Sea. Measurable amounts of plutonium were found at depths of the order of 10 cm below the surface in five of these cores... between 1 and 10 cd kyr r by invoking the assumption that mixing is proportional to biomass. Plutonium distributions in deep sea sedi- ments (Noshkin and Bowcn, 1973) indicate abyssal mixing rates ranging from 100-400 cmP kyr r . AC KN OWLE DGEMEN TS...

This thesis explores the potential of zinc, cobalt, and phosphorus to influence primary production in the subarctic North Pacific, the Bering Sea, and the North Atlantic Ocean. In the North Pacific and Bering Sea, total ...

Understanding the climatic drivers of changes in sea ice extent in the Arctic has become increasingly important as record minima in the September sea ice extent continue to be reached. This research therefore addresses the question of which synoptic...

Dancers from "Dora Stratou" welcome us to Greece Ionian Sea Rainfall Experiment Southwest of Pylos. A unique combination of geography and scientific resources exist in the Ionian Sea southwest of Greece

and bacterial communities living in sea ice, and remote sensing of the sea ice pack from space. Recently, we mediates the exchange of heat, moisture, gases, momentum, and solar radiation between the ocean

of the Atlantic Ocean (the Labrador Sea sketched in Fig. 1) is a region of power- ful physical forces, extremes of wind and cold, incur- sions of icebergs and sea ice, great contrasts in buoy- ancy of air and seawater

and Angsana Ihuru Resorts provide residents of the communities where the Resorts are located with environmental education opportunities about local sea turtle populations and marine conservation (SWOT, 2006). This process is associated with positive results... for sea turtle conservation, like the reduction of sea turtle harvesting (SWOT, 2006). Environmental education is also implemented as a conservation tool to address sea turtle mortality in fishing gear. It can enhance understanding about the threats...

Tracer studies of pathways and rates of meltwater transport through Arctic summer sea ice H. Eicken) program's field site in the northern Chukchi Sea, snow and ice meltwater flow was found to have a strong impact on the heat and mass balance of sea ice during the summer of 1998. Pathways and rates of meltwater

Clay minerals in late glacial and Holocene sediments of the northern and southern Aegean Sea Werner Different source areas, oceanography and climate regimes influenced the clay mineral assemblages and grain and the Holocene. In the North Aegean Sea, clay mineral composition is mainly controlled by sea level evolution

Constraints on origin and evolution of Red Sea brines from helium and argon isotopes Gisela November 2000 Abstract Brines from three depressions along the axis of the Red Sea, the Atlantis II II and the Discovery brines originating from locations in the central Red Sea show 4 He

that has caused large-scale migration of brine and hydrocarbons at the Dead Sea Rift. Numerical simulations flow directions. The first is a density-driven migration of brine through deep aquifers from the rift reserved. Keywords: Groundwater; Brine; Hydrocarbons; Rift; Dead Sea; Modeling 1. The Dead Sea Rift

September Arctic sea ice predicted to disappear near 2 C global warming above present Irina; published 24 March 2012. [1] The decline of Arctic sea ice is one of the most visible signs of climate change over the past several decades. Arctic sea ice area shows large interannual variability due

Arctic sea ice velocity field: General circulation and turbulent-like fluctuations P. Rampal,1,2 J the Arctic sea ice velocity field as the superposition of a mean field and fluctuations. We study how subtracting the mean field, are analyzed in terms of diffusion properties. Although the Arctic sea ice cover

Nonlinear Thermal Transport and Brine Convection in First Year Sea Ice M.J. McGuinness \\Lambda , H a programme recently set up to directly measure the thermal conductivity of young sea ice. An array of thermistors frozen into first­year Antarctic sea ice provides temperature against depth data, which is fitted

Sea ice extent mapping using Ku band scatterometer data Quinn P. Remund and David G. Long enhancement techniques can be used to increase the utility of scatterometer data in monitoring sea-ice extent is the incidence angle dependence of o . Dual-polarization A and B parameters are used to identify sea ice

The Intra-Americas Sea springtime surface temperature anomaly dipole as fingerprint of remote anomaly dipole we find that the dipole forms mostly in response to changes in the air-sea heat fluxes. The changes in shortwave radiation also contribute to the dipole of net air-sea heat flux. The changes

to sperm motility in several fish species, including sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) (Fauvel et alCharacterization of sperm motility in sea bass: the effect of heavy metals and physicochemical) was used to characterize the motility of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax spermatozoa and to study the effect

PECS 2004 Â­ MĂ?RIDA - MĂ?XICO Simulations of the Influence of the West Caribbean Sea Circulation of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. email: bjorn@msci.sc.edu Keywords: Caribbean Sea; Meso by variations of the flow near the reef and the transports between the MBRS and the Caribbean Sea circulation

A numerical ocean circulation model of the Norwegian and Greenland Seas DAVID P STEVENS School of the Norwegian and Greenland Seas are investigated using a three-dimensional primitive equation ocean circulation and seasonally varying wind and thermohalme forcing. The connections of the Norwegian and Greenland Seas

Adaptive Management of Migratory Birds Under Sea Level Rise Samuel Nicol CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences the East Asian-Australasian flyway given uncertainty about the rate of sea level rise. The non-Australasian (EAA) fly- way given uncertainty about the rate of sea level rise and its effect on shorebird

Coastal Inundation due to Tide, Surge, Waves, and Sea Level Rise at Naval Station Norfolk Honghai of future sea level rise (SLR) scenarios and to evaluate the potential coastal inundation at Naval Station and sea level rise threats to coastal residents and coastal military facilities, the US Strategic

Infilling and flooding of the Mekong River incised valley during deglacial sea-level rise Rik is related with the low shelf gradient and a strong acceleration of the East Asian sea-level rise from 34 depositional systems change into estuaries and eventually drown when sea-level rise overtakes the sediment

-level contributions from glaciers and small ice caps, the Greenland ice sheet and thermosteric sea level are available unsurveyed high-latitude small glaciers and ice caps. The sea-level budget from 1850 is estimated using because it takes $50 times more energy to raise sea level by ocean heating than by ice melting (Trenberth

by rising sea level caused by the melting of alpine glaciers and small ice caps and portionsMid-Pliocene sea level and continental ice volume based on coupled benthic Mg/Ca palaeotemperatures composition of seawater, and estimate continental ice volume and sea-level variability during the Mid

and flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy for vanadium, nickel, and iron. The neutron activation procedure was shown to be superior for vanadium, but no significant difference in methods was noted for nickel and iron. Other trace metals were done... by activation analysis. These include: mercury, gold, chromium, bromine, zinc, scandium, cobalt, and antimony. Use of the vanadium to nickel ratio, and of other trace element data, was discussed. As a key to understanding the nature of vanadium in crude...

Lesson Summary Students will learn about the Arctic Beaufort Sea and research the adaptations of people and animals in the arctic regions. They will also learn about how their actions can affect the Arctic and learn about the International Polar Year. Prior Knowledge & Skills Â· Research skills

Observed and CAM3 GCM Sea Surface Wind Speed Distributions: Characterization, Comparison, and Bias climatological surface wind speed probability density functions (PDFs) estimated from observations and use them to evaluate, for the first time, contemporaneous wind PDFs predicted by a GCM. The ob- servations include NASA

of Sea Ice away from surface, long crystals as congelation ice (frozen on from below) Brine Channels within the ice (~width of human hair) Brine rejected from ice (4-10psu), but concentrates in brine from AWI #12;Brine Volume and Salinity From Thomas and Dieckmann 2002, Science .... adapted from papers

Meaningful public engagement is a challenging, but promising, feature of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) due to its potential for integrating sustainability principles into policies, plans and programs in developing countries such as Kenya. This research examined two selected SEA case studies to identify the extent of participation, learning outcomes attributable to participation, and if any learning outcomes led to social action for sustainability at the community level. Strengths across the two cases were the inclusion of marginalized populations and consideration of socio-economic concerns. Consistent weaknesses included inadequate notice, document inaccessibility, lack of feedback and communication, and late analysis of alternatives. Despite some learning conditions being unfulfilled, examples of instrumental, communicative, and transformative learning were identified through a focus group and semi-structured interviews with community participants and public officials. Some of these learning outcomes led to individual and social actions that contribute to sustainability. -- Highlights: • The strengths and weaknesses of Kenyan SEA public participation processes were identified. • Multiple deficiencies in the SEA process likely frustrate meaningful public engagement. • Participant learning was observed despite process weaknesses. • Participant learning can lead to action for sustainability at the community level.

waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. In the Pacific, loggerhead sea turtles have been in the North Pacific Ocean occurs in Japan; there is no known nesting in the east- ern North Pacific (Márquez in the oceanic realm of the central North Pacific Ocean are of Japanese stock (Dutton et al., 1998). Tagging

1 INTRODUCTION Gas storage caverns were developed mainly for sea- sonal storage, with one or a few Tech, Palaiseau, France A. Frangi Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy ABSTRACT: Storage of natural gas in salt caverns had been developed mainly for seasonal storage, resulting in a small number of yearly

be discriminated from heavy fuel, and from less harmful substances like fish oil or vegetable oil, Fig. 3, whichLidar fluorosensing of mineral oil spills on the sea surface Theo Hengstermann and Rainer Reuter Airborne .fluorosensor measurements over maritime oil spills show that this method enables a sensitive

During August 29 through September 2, 2000, high surface ozone levels were observed over Houston, Texas. Observational and MM5 model data were used to evaluate the land/sea breeze event that occurred each day. The model did well in accurately...

Mentoring Policy for SEAS Office of the Deputy Dean Oversight: The Deputy Dean will be responsible for overall management of the faculty mentorship program. Information about the mentoring program will be given to each incoming faculty member as well as to each mentor, and will be posted on the School

The Role of Sea Spray in Cleansing Air Pollution over Ocean via Cloud Processes Daniel Rosenfeld, Ronen Lahav, Alexander Khain, Mark Pinsky Particulate air pollution has been shown to strongly suppress precipitation from convective clouds over land. New observations show that precipitation from similar polluted

approaches the normal to the sea surface. The number of photosynthetic cells below 150 meters was found by Hasle (1959) to be unimportant in relation to the number in the euphotic zone. Reproduction in coccolithophorids may be either a binary fission...

During the last ice age several quasi-periodic abrupt warming events took place. Known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events their effects were felt globally, although the North Atlantic experienced the largest temperature anomalies. Paleoclimate data shows that the fluctuations often occurred right after massive glacial meltwater releases in the North Atlantic and in bursts of three or four with progressively decreasing strengths. In this study a simple dynamical model of an overturning circulation and sea ice is developed with the goal of understanding the fundamental mechanisms that could have caused the DO events. Interaction between sea ice and the overturning circulation in the model produces self-sustained oscillations. Analysis and numerical experiments reveal that the insulating effect of sea ice causes the ocean to periodically vent out accumulated heat in the deep ocean into the atmosphere. Subjecting the model to idealized freshwater forcing mimicking Heinrich events causes modulation of the natural periodicity and produces burst patterns very similar to what is observed in temperature proxy data. Numerical experiments with the model also suggests that the characteristic period of 1,500 years is due to the geometry, or the effective heat capacity, of the ocean that comes under sea ice cover.

Simulation and characterization of the Adriatic Sea mesoscale variability Benoit Cushman-Roisin,1 resolve the mesoscale variability because the grid size falls below the first baroclinic deformation in two larger-scale models. The present simulations demonstrate that the DieCAST model allows mesoscale

, scoping period for the Bering Sea Salmon Bycatch Management Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). An EIS and decision-making. The EIS will serve as the central decision-making document for management measures being. The EIS will provide decision-makers and the public with an evaluation of the environmental, social

Bering Sea Chinook Salmon Bycatch 9 Final EIS ­ December 2009 1.5 Public Participation The EIS, and the public comment process for the draft EIS/RIR. This section describes these avenues for public in the EIS and RIR. Scoping is accomplished through written communications and consultations with agency

to the region near the coast. The manner in which temperature, humidity, and wind should behave is influenced by the sea-land breeze on the climatic scale is first established. As a whole the coastal stations show varying amounts of evidence of a signature...

This Letter presented projections of future sea-level rise based on simulations of the past 22,000 years of sea-level history using a simple, empirical model linking sea-level rise to global mean of sea-level rise during the twenty-first century that are reported in the Fourth Assessment Report

This report covers the three phase effort to bring the SEA Corporation`s Powergrid{trademark} from the concept stage to pilot production. The three phases of this contract covered component development, prototype module development, and pilot line production. The Powergrid is a photovoltaic concentrator that generates direct current electricity directly from sunlight using a linear Fresnel lens. Analysis has shown that the Powergrid has the potential to be very low cost in volume production. Before the start of the project, only proof of concept demonstrations of the components had been completed. During the project, SEA Corporation developed a low cost extruded Fresnel lens, a low cost receiver assembly using one sun type cells, a low cost plastic module housing, a single axis tracking system and frame structure, and pilot production equipment and techniques. In addition, an 800 kW/yr pilot production rate was demonstrated and two 40 kW systems were manufactured and installed.

Arctic sea ice extent small as never before Alerting message from the Arctic: The extent the the Arctic sea ice has reached on Sep. 8 with 4.240 million km2 a new historic minimum (Figure 1). Physicists of the University of Bremen now confirm the apprehension existing since July 2011 that the ice melt in the Arctic

. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.3133/of2007-1047.kp06 A View of Antarctic Ice-Sheet Evolution from Sea-Level and Deep-Sea Isotope Changes During the Late...

The present-day calving flux from Greenland and Antarctica is poorly known, and this accounts for a significant portion of the uncertainty in the current mass balance of these ice sheets. Similarly, the lack of knowledge about the role of calving in glacier dynamics constitutes a major uncertainty in predicting the response of glaciers and ice sheets to changes in climate and thus sea level. Another fundamental problem has to do with incomplete knowledge of glacier areas and volumes, needed for analyses of sea-level change due to changing climate. The authors proposed to develop an improved ability to predict the future contributions of glaciers to sea level by combining work from four research areas: remote sensing observations of calving activity and iceberg flux, numerical modeling of glacier dynamics, theoretical analysis of the calving process, and numerical techniques for modeling flow with large deformations and fracture. These four areas have never been combined into a single research effort on this subject; in particular, calving dynamics have never before been included explicitly in a model of glacier dynamics. A crucial issue that they proposed to address was the general question of how calving dynamics and glacier flow dynamics interact.

. , University of Rochester Chairman of Advisory Committee: Dr. David Wm. Owens An homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for arginine vasotocin (AVT) was developed and validated for use with sea turtle plasma. The RIA utilizes the R4 AVT-antiserum (Artman et al... neurohypophyseal peptides to inhibit the binding of labeled AVT to the antiserum indicates that the assay is specific for AVT. Serial dilutions of pooled sea turtle plasma demonstrate parallelism with the AVT standard curve. RIA of diluted sea turtle brain...

of Ruthenium in the Gulf of Mexico . 8 Solubility of Ruthenium in Sea Water C H A P T E R I INTRODUCTION Ruthenium, the rarest of the platinum metals, was discovered in 1845 by Klaus. Sidgewick (1950) and Goldschmidt (1954) state an abundance of about 0... of allow ing for the detection of the contributing physical and chemical forms to the total present. It is thought that the method is applicable to marine biota and sediments as well as water samples. The concentrations of soluble ruthenium found...

This work is devoted to a study of the conditions of vanadium sorption by a fibrous sorbent with a view to evolving a procedure for its determination in sea water. The sorbent was the same as used by them earlier for molybdenum preconcentration. It is a fiber based on polyethylenepolyamine-modified polyacrylonitrile. The sorbent contained 80% tertiary and approx. = 20% primary and secondary amino groups. Static exchange capacity of the sorbent relative to HCl 2 mmole/g, swelling 34%, fiber diameter 0.016 mm. The vanadium content was determined photometrically using acidic chromium blue K.

UK T RAIN HE B E’S LAC MILI K S TARY EA R RO EGI LE IN ON Ukraine’s Military Role in the Black Sea Region The Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University 2 Authors Amy Beth... America, Washington DC. It was authored by members of the Bush School of Government and Public Service. The authors would like to thank the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, the George Bush School of Government and Public Service at Texas A&M University...

Seismic data and stratigraphic projections indicate that an entirely different facies exists in Area 4 in the Mediterranean Sea south of Malta than the continuous carbonate sequence of the Malta platform. Japan National Oil Corp., in September 1989 under authority of the government of Malta, conducted a 3,615 line km geophysical survey (seismic, gravity, magnetics) in Area 4, which comprises about 13,000 sk km and is 40 km south of Malta. The paper describes the geology of Malta Area 4, its inferred stratigraphy, seismic results, and potential geologic traps.

An atmospheric chemistry-transport model is used to assess the impacts of sea-spray chemistry on the particle composition in and downwind of a coastal city--Vancouver, British Columbia. Reactions in/on sea-spray affect the entire particle ensemble and particularly the size distribution of particle nitrate. Urban air quality, and particularly airborne particles, is a major concern in terms of human health impacts. Sea-spray is known to be a major component of the particle ensemble at coastal sites yet relatively few air quality models include the interaction of gases with sea-spray and the fate of the particles produced. Sea-spray is not an inert addition to the particle ensemble because heterogeneous chemistry in/on sea-spray droplets changes the droplets composition and the particle size distribution, which impacts deposition and the ion balance in different particle size fractions. It is shown that the ISOPART model is capable of simulating gas and particle concentrations in the coastal metropolis of Vancouver and the surrounding valley. It is also demonstrated that to accurately simulate ambient concentrations of particles and reactive/soluble gases in a coastal valley it is absolutely critical to include heterogeneous chemistry in/on sea-spray. Partitioning of total particle-NO{sub 3}{sup -} between sea-spray and NH{sub 4}NO{sub 3} is highly sensitive to the amount of sea-spray present, and hence the initial vertical profile, sea-spray source functions [48] and the wind speed. When a fixed wind speed is used to initialize the sea-spray vertical profiles, as expected, the sea-spray concentration decays with distance inland, but the particle-NO{sub 3}{sup -} concentration decays more slowly because it is also a function of the uptake rate for HNO{sub 3}. The simulation results imply model analyses of air quality in coastal cities conducted without inclusion of sea-spray interactions may yield highly misleading results in terms of emission sensitivities of the PM size distribution. The sensitivity of the model results to the initial sea spray profile further suggests there would be great benefit in better definition of the vertical profile of size resolved sea-spray for use in such model studies.

Funding programmes for European cohesion policy are a crucial tool to support the sustainability goals of the European Union and national policies of its member states. All these funding programmes require a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) to enhance sustainable development. This article compares five first SEA applications at cohesion policy level to discuss challenges, limitations and benefits of this instrument. In order to support the SEA-process a 'Handbook on SEA for Cohesion Policy 2007-13' (GRDP 2006) was developed. The paper examines the special requirements and challenges at the programme level given the special conditions for stakeholder involvement, integration of SEA in the programme development process and strategies to cope with uncertainties to ensure real compatibility with policy goals. Using action research and in-depth interviews with SEA planners and programme managers enabled us to analyse the suitability of the methodology proposed by the handbook. The results show that some recommendations of the handbook should be changed in order to increase the transparency and to enhance the standard and comparability of the SEA-documents. Overall the SEA proved to be a rather successful tool for the integration of sustainability goals at the EU and national policy levels. Its particular strengths emerged as the process makes uncertainties visible and leads to possible redefinitions while maintaining actual policy goals. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Comparing five case studies of first applications of SEA at cohesion policy level. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Overall the SEA proved to be a rather successful tool for the integration of sustainability goals. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The study makes uncertainties visible and shows how SEA could lead to possible redefinitions.

The National Science Foundation research vessel Nathaniel B. Palmer carried out a cruise to Antarctica in early spring of 1993. It left Punta Arenas, Chile, close to the tip of South America on 11 August 1993. sailed south for 3 days to the tip of The Antarctic Peninsula, stopping at O`Higgens and Palmer Stations, and from there went southwest and into the Bellingshausen sea. On 10 September, it reached the most southerly position, 71{degrees}S, some distance north of the Thurston Island. From there, it went as far as 110{degrees}W before returning to Punta Arenas. The main purpose of the cruise was to investigate the snow- and sea-ice thickness, properties, and structures in this part of the southern oceans. It also allowed us to carry out continuous radiation measurements. We measured the following fluxes: global radiation (Eppley PSP), infrared incoming radiation (Eppley Pyrgeometer PIR), ultraviolet-A radiation (Eppley UV meter), ultraviolet-B radiation (Yankee Environmental Systems), and pitch and roll of the ship (Lucas Sensing Systems, Inc.). All instruments were sampled twice per second (Campbell Scientific, Model 21 X), and a notebook computer (ASI Patriot) stored 1-minute averages of the radiation data and 1-minute standard deviation of the ship`s pitch and roll. Visual observations of cloud cover were also recorded. 2 refs., 3 figs.

Fermilab E866 has performed a precise measurement of the ratio of Drell-Yan yields from an 800 GeV/c proton beam incident on hydrogen and deuterium targets, leading to the first determinations of {bar d}/{bar u} and {bar d}-{bar u} in the proton as functions of {chi}. The results show that {bar d} > {bar u} over a broad range of {chi} and provide valuable information regarding the origins of the {bar d}/{bar u} asymmetry and the antiquark sea in the nucleon. No known symmetry requires equality of the {bar d} and {bar u} distributions in the proton. However, until recently it had been generally assumed that {bar d}({chi}) {approx} {bar u}({chi}), where {chi} is the fraction of the proton's momentum (Bjorken-{chi}) carried by the antiquark, based both on the assumption that the majority of the antiquark sea in the nucleon originates from gluon splitting into q - {bar q} pairs and the lack of experimental evidence to the contrary. The first clear evidence that {bar d} {ne} {bar u} came from the NMC measurements of the structure functions F{sub 2}{sup p}({chi}) and F{sub 2}{sup n}({chi}) in deep-inelastic muon scattering on hydrogen and deuterium.

The Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project (SSSDP) has been organized for the purpose of investigating a hydrothermal system at depths and temperatures greater than has been done before. Plans are to deepen an existing well or to drill a new well for research purposes for which temperatures of 300/sup 0/C will be reached at a depth of less than 3.7 km and then deepen that well a further 1.8 km. This report recounts the Congressional history of the appropriation to drill the hole and other history through March 1984, gives a review of the literature on the Salton Sea Geothermal Field and its relationship to other geothermal systems of the Salton Trough, and describes a comprehensive series of investigations that have been proposed either in the well or in conjunction with the SSSDP. Investigations in geophysics, geochemistry and petrology, tectonics and rock mechanics, and geohydrology are given. A tabulation is given of current commercial and state-of-the-art downhole tools and their pressure, temperature, and minimum hole size limitations.

The NuSea Experiment at Fermilab studied the internal structure of protons, in particular the difference between up quarks and down quarks. This experiment also addressed at least two other physics questions: nuclear effects on the production of charmonia states (bound states of charm and anti-charm quarks) and energy loss of quarks in nuclei from Drell-Yan measurements on nuclei. While much of the NuSea data are available only to the collaboration, figures, data plots, and tables are presented as stand-alone items for viewing or download. They are listed in conjunction with the published papers, theses, or presentations in which they first appeared. The date range is 1998 to 2008. To see these figures and plots, click on E866 publications or go directly to http://p25ext.lanl.gov/e866/papers/papers.html. Theses are at http://p25ext.lanl.gov/e866/papers/e866theses/e866theses.html and the presentations are found at http://p25ext.lanl.gov/e866/papers/e866talks/e866talks.html. Many of the items are postscript files.

The deep-sea reactor X (DRX) is a small nuclear plant designed to provide undersea power sources. It has the full advantages of nuclear reactors and can provide large power capacity and does not require oxygen for power production. An application conceivable in the near future is that for a submersible. The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute is conducting a design study of a 150-kW(electric) DRX plant for a deep-sea research vessel. It has a so-called integrated pressurized water reactor,'' having a steam generator inside the reactor vessel. A pressure shell includes a turbine and a generator as well as a reactor vessel, resulting in a very compact electricity producing plant. It should be easy to operate and have high passive safety characteristics; namely, a short startup time, good reactor response to power demand changes, and passive core flooding and decay heat removal in case of an accident. Transient analyses including those for load follow-up, reactor startup, and accidents have been conducted. The results show that the DRX has excellent inherent characteristics satisfying those requirements.

Results from adding a tracer for age of sea ice to a sophisticated sea ice model that is widely used for climate studies are presented. The consistent simulation of ice age, dynamics, and thermodynamics in the model shows explicitly that the loss of Arctic perennial ice has accelerated in the past three decades, as has been seen in satellite-derived observations. Our model shows that the September ice age average across the Northern Hemisphere varies from about 5 to 8 years, and the ice is much younger (about 2--3 years) in late winter because of the expansion of first-year ice. We find seasonal ice on average comprises about 5% of the total ice area in September, but as much as 1.34 x 10{sup 6} km{sup 2} survives in some years. Our simulated ice age in the late 1980s and early 1990s declined markedly in agreement with other studies. After this period of decline, the ice age began to recover, but in the final years of the simulation very little young ice remains after the melt season, a strong indication that the age of the pack will again decline in the future as older ice classes fail to be replenished. The Arctic ice pack has fluctuated between older and younger ice types over the past 30 years, while ice area, thickness, and volume all declined over the same period, with an apparent acceleration in the last decade.

There is significant correlation between main development region sea surface temperature and the number of hurricanes that form in the Atlantic basin. The correlation between the same sea surface temperatures and the number of \\emph{landfalling} hurricanes is much lower, however. Why is this? Do we need to consider complex physical hypotheses, or is there a simple statistical explanation?

Hurricane Wind Field Estimation from SeaWinds at Ultra High Resolution Brent A. Williams and David) are inherently noisier than the standard 25km products and the high rain rates often associated with hurricanes. This paper develops a new procedure for hurricane wind field estimation from the SeaWinds instrument at ultra

Arctic sea ice declined rapidly to unprec- edented low extents in the summer of 2007, raising concern that the Arctic may be on the verge of a fundamental transition toward a seasonal ice cover. Arctic sea ice extent typically attains a seasonal maximum in March and minimum in September. Over

Jurassic and Cretaceous clays of the northern and central North Sea hydrocarbon reservoirs reviewedQF, UK AB ST R ACT : The principal clays of the northern and central North Sea are illite (sometimes interpreted as both infiltrated clastic clay, and as an early diagenetic phase. Early clays may have been

after separating from the coast. Through a 16-year analysis of Tasman Sea eddies, we identify a region of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies within Eddy Avenue is 23% and 16% higher respectively than the broader Tasman Sea. We find that Eddy Avenue cyclonic and anti- cyclonic eddies have more strongly differentiated

the distributions and rates of deep-water mass shifts during times of past climate change has largely been informed by several millennial scale rapid climate change events. Here we investigate the ecological response of deep-sea coral communities to both glaciation and rapid climate change. We find that the deep-sea coral

The ventilation of near-bottom shelf waters in the North-Western Black Sea Georgy Shapiro, Fred of these areas to be ventilated by horizontal ex- changes during that period is assessed by a long-term time however be ventilated horizontally with deep-sea waters through isopycnal exchanges across the shelf break

Brine fluxes from growing sea ice A. J. Wells,1,2 J. S. Wettlaufer,1,2,3 and S. A. Orszag2] It is well known that brine drainage from growing sea ice has a controlling influence on its mechanical oceans. When the ice has exceeded a critical thickness the drainage process is dominated by brine

conditions. The mechanism relies on brine flows developing in the sea ice due to Bernoulli suction by flow models that parameter- ize the brine content [Maykut and Untersteiner, 1971], or treat, for example, melt. In this paper, we are interested in investigating the effect of brine flow within the sea ice, which

-year pack ice, although other char- acteristics (Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson coefficientSea-ice thickness measurement based on the dispersion of ice swell David Marsana) ISTerre, CNRS propagating in the Arctic sea ice cover is exploited in order to locally measure the ice thickness

available standard data products that estimate motion of pack ice at a resolution of 3 5km [8Mapping of Large Magnitude Discontinuous Sea Ice Motion M. Thomas Ph.D. Student Computer and Info on sea ice motion tracking in two specific directions. The first direction is the development

but occurs over a much broader area of the ice pack. Citation: Steele, M., J. Zhang, and W. Ermold (2010Mechanisms of summertime upper Arctic Ocean warming and the effect on sea ice melt Michael Steele,1 summertime upper ocean warming and sea ice melt during the 21st century in the Arctic Ocean. Our first

of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) ice pack over the last few decades (Rothrock et al., 2003). The increas- ingSea ice evolution over the 20th and 21st centuries as simulated by current AOGCMs Olivier Arzel of sea ice over the 20th and 21st centuries. We first use the results from the ``Climate of the 20th

is governed by Coulomb's criterion. The ice pack is a 400 km long square domain consisting of 4 km size floesEffect of shear rupture on aggregate scale formation in sea ice Alexander V. Wilchinsky,1 Daniel L; published 2 October 2010. [1] A discrete element model is used to study shear rupture of sea ice under

of their length by a particular fraction, the ice pack deformation is neglected and the wind stress is rotatedModelling the reorientation of sea-ice faults as the wind changes direction Alexander V. WILCHINSKY-1290, USA ABSTRACT. A discrete-element model of sea ice is used to study how a 908 change in wind direction

Modeled biogeochemical responses to mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea Peng Xiu1 and Fei Chai1] Mesoscale eddies are observed each year in the South China Sea (SCS); however, their contributions physicalbiogeochemical model to evaluate the eddy impact. We first track the modeled mesoscale eddies in the SCS

Estimating the magnitude of brine flux to the upper ocean requires an ability to assess the dynamics of the formation of sea ice in a region. Brine storage and rate of expulsion is determined by the environmental conditions under which the sea ice...

Climate change, body size evolution, and Cope's Rule in deep-sea ostracodes Gene Hunt* and Kaustuv­Bergmann hypothesis using the fossil record of body size evolution in the deep-sea ostracode genus Poseidonamicus information on the PNAS web site). This temperature depen- dence, when combined with the rich fossil record

Relationships between Pacific and Atlantic ocean sea surface temperatures and U.S. streamflow March 2006; published 19 July 2006. [1] An evaluation of Pacific and Atlantic Ocean sea surface by an interdecadal-temporal evaluation for the Pacific (Atlantic) Ocean based on the phase of the Pacific Decadal

Sea Ice in the Global Climate System Kenneth M. Golden1 , Elizabeth Hunke2 , Cecilia Bitz3 Figure 2. The Antarctic sea ice pack with an open lead in the distance. (K. M. Golden) Figure 1. Pancake ice in the Southern Ocean off the coast of East Antarctica. (K. M. Golden

Invited Feature History and scenarios of future development of Baltic Sea eutrophication Maren Voss: eutrophication climatic changes land use models catchment area Baltic Sea a b s t r a c t Nutrient loads from watersheds, atmospheric deposition, and cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation have led to eutrophication