This blog attempts to give explanation for some poems prescribed by schools in India. These explanations are not exhaustive or comprehensive ones. Neither are they the only interpretations/explanations. You can decipher other meanings in them. Please go through the archive. I've aknowledged the sources for the explanations.

Tuesday, January 27, 2009

An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum

An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum

Far far from gusty waves these children's faces.
Like rootless weeds, the hair torn around their pallor.
The tall girl with her weighed-down head. The paper-
seeming boy, with rat's eyes. The stunted, unlucky heir
Of twisted bones, reciting a father's gnarled disease,
His lesson from his desk. At back of the dim class
One unnoted, sweet and young. His eyes live in a dream,
Of squirrel's game, in the tree room, other than this.

On sour cream walls, donations. Shakespeare's head,
Cloudless at dawn, civilized dome riding all cities.
Belled, flowery, Tyrolese valley. Open-handed map
Awarding the world its world. And yet, for these
Children, these windows, not this world, are world,
Where all their future's painted with a fog,
A narrow street sealed in with a lead sky,
Far far from rivers, capes, and stars of words.

Surely, Shakespeare is wicked, and the map a bad example
With ships and sun and love tempting them to steal--
For lives that slyly turn in their cramped holes
From fog to endless night? On their slag heap, these children
Wear skins peeped through by bones and spectacles of steel
With mended glass, like bottle bits on stones.
All of their time and space are foggy slum.
So blot their maps with slums as big as doom.

Unless, governor, teacher, inspector, visitor,
This map becomes their window and these windows
That shut upon their lives like catacombs,
Break O break open 'till they break the town
And show the children green fields and make their world
Run azure on gold sands, and let their tongues
Run naked into books, the white and green leaves open
History is theirs whose language is the sun.

A note: I stopped teaching CBSE 5 years ago and I'm out of touch. So I haven't really worked on the explanations and edited them. You might find some of the explanations not up to the mark especially this poem. You will surely find better explanations on the net. One such site recommended by one of the readers which is really good and tailor made for CBSE is http://englishportal12.blogspot.in/?view=mosaic

Stephen Spender highlights the plight of slum children by using vivid images and apt words to picture a classroom in a slum. Through this he touches, in a subtle manner, the themes of social injustice and inequalities.

Lines 1, 2

The opening line of the poem uses an image to contrast the slum children’s faces with those of others. The image used is ‘gusty waves’ indicating brightness, verve and animation. But these are missing from faces of these children. The next image of ‘rootless weeds’ produces double effect. ‘Weeds’ indicate being unwanted and ‘rootless’ indicates not belonging. The slum children are like ‘rootless weeds’ unwanted by society and not belonging to society. Their uncombed hair fall on their pale faces.

Lines 3 to 8

Next, a few of the slum children are described. There is a tall girl whose head is weighed-down with sadness, disinterestedness or shame or a mixture of all the three. She is probably over-aged for the class. Another boy is thin, emaciated like paper and his eyes pop out from his thin body looking furtive like rat’s eyes. He seems to have inherited stunted and twisted growth of bones from his father. Spender has used the word ‘reciting’ to show that instead of studying/reciting, a normal activity in school, the boy had only his inherited crippling disease to show/recite in the class. This could suggest that the boy’s condition seem to have arisen because of his poverty especially his inability to avail heath services at the right time. Right at the back of the badly lit room is an unnoticed young boy. He is probably too young for poverty to have stifled his childish imagination. He daydreams of the squirrel’s game and about the tree house, absent mentally from the classroom.

Lines 9 to 12

Spender then describes the classroom. The word ‘sour’ used to describe the cream walls of the classroom indicates its derelict condition. Contradicting this state and the slum children are Shakespeare’s head indicating erudition, the picture of a clear sky at dawn and a beautiful Tyrolese valley indicating beauty of nature and hope, dome of an ancient city building standing for civilization and progress and a world map awarding the children the world. The lines “Open-handed map / Awarding the world its world” could refer to the map of the world hanging on the wall of the classroom giving/showing (awarding) everyone (the world) the world out there to explore and know (its world).

Lines 13 to 16

But the world of the slum children is the limited world that can be seen though the windows of the classroom and not what the map promises. All these seem ironic when contrasted with the misery and hopeless condition of the slum children. Their future is foggy, bleak and dull. Their life/world is confined within the narrow streets of the slum enclosed by the dull sky far away from rivers, seas that indicate adventure and learning and from the stars that stand for words that can empower their future. 'Lead sky' means a dullsky or a dimly lit sky. This symbolises the bleak, dull life and future of the slum children.

Lines 17 to 24

The poet feels that the head of Shakespeare and the map are cruel temptations for these children living in cramped houses (holes), whose lives revolve around (slyly turns) dullness (fog) and hopelessness (endless night) as they imagine and long for (steal) adventure(ships), for a better future (sun) and for love. Their emaciated wasted bodies compared to slag (waste) heaped together seemed to be wearing the clothes of skin covering their peeping bones and wearing spectacles of steel with cracked glasses looking like bottle bits mended. The slum is their map as big as the doom of the city buildings and their life (time and space) foggy and dim. The poet repeatedly uses the word fog to talk about the unclear, vague and dull life of the slum children.

Lines 25 to 32

The only hope of a life beyond the slums that enclose their lives like catacombs is some initiative by the governor, inspector of schools or a visitor. The poem ends with the poet fervently hoping that slum children will have access to better education and a better way of life. He uses the words ‘Break o break open’ to say that they have to break out from the miserable hopeless life of the slum world so that they can wander beyond the slums and their town on to the green fields and golden sands (indicating the unlimited world). These can become their teacher and like dogs lapping up food hungrily, they can learn directly (run naked) from the open pages (leaves) of nature and the world which is sustained (whose language) by the sun standing for energy and life.

If you felt that this information has been useful for you and if you feel inclined to help orphans kindly donate money to the orphanage that my friend runs. First, take a little time to go through its website: https://sites.google.com/site/anbuillamsamayanallur/

146 comments:

Vaishnavi
said...

Hello sir. Iam a XII std CBSE student & I deeply thank you for explaining this poem so very well. I had lots of trouble trying to make sense of what Spender wanted to convey through his poem. Each time I read this poem I interpreted it differently. After reading your explanation I was so clear that I even explained this poem to my whole class. Your explanation was pertinent & it made perfect sense.Now this is one of my favourites. You are a real fan of English poetry. I once again thank you & wish you all the very best.

Hello Ms Mohan,I was shocked initially with your accusation. I checked out at docstoc and to my profound dismay I found my explanation copied word by word from my blog on this site.

Now, the only thing left is to prove that my blog is original which is very simple. If you check out my blog you will find that I had published this explanation on Jan 27, 2009, whereas the explanation published on docstoc is on 18th Nov, 2009. How could i copy something that was published much later than mine? Simple logic!

My advice to you is, next time, before you make an accusation or a blank statement, please do you homework well.

Thanks anyway, because your accusation opened my eyes to the fact that there are people who can publish what is written by others without acknowledging it.

your explanation is really lucid and impeccable...really commendable!!!But, could you please explain in detail the following lines:1. Open-handed mapAwarding the world its world.2. This map becomes their window and these windowsThat shut upon their lives

Thank You Sir for your such a nice explanatin of the poem. Your work is really PRAISEWORTHY and I request you to continue to do such works so that my juniors could also be benefited from your light of knowledge.

rather than to critizie is n't it better to go through the material we are getting...it is easy to comment but how many of us bother to write the explanation although we can get it from other sites..as it is avaiable quite easily now a days.so better read as much as we can..if it makes us read twice the same material then also it is anyway good...

hello sir,i am deeply thankful to u for explaining th e poem so beautifully.sir, however in class some words were differently explained, so i m confused. like bootle bits of stones was explained as,"as the bottle caps or broken parts are aranged on stones, so are the spectacles of these poor students, mended by broken glasses"

siryour explnation is good. thank you.but sir there are a few imp lines in the poem which needs to be explained seperately.ex so blot their...run naked through ...history theirs...also if some imp ques can be give...thanking you once again

Sir, perhaps you are not aware that there is a question in the book flamingo that asks why the children's faces are compared to rootless weeds. since you have given a different explanation about rootless weeds and have not related its meaning to the faces of the children, i would like an explanation

sir i m very thankful to you for giving such a nice explanation of the poem.earlier i was not able to understand it but now i m able to understand each n every line .i think it would help me a lot to tackle the board exams..........

hello sir,i read ur explanation for the poem'elementary school classroom in a slum'and it is the best i found online.sir my request to you is to post an explanation for the poem"a thing of beauty"by john keats

i want an power point presentation document for presentation on this poem with author's history and achievements,theme of poem,notes,summary,irony,criticism,metaphor for my school presentation too hard to make help me by telling in idg3010@gmail.com

i want an power point presentation document for presentation on this poem with author's history and achievements,theme of poem,notes,summary,irony,criticism,metaphor for my school presentation too hard to make help me by telling in idg3010@gmail.com

i want an power point presentation document for presentation on this poem with author's history and achievements,theme of poem,notes,summary,irony,criticism,metaphor for my school presentation too hard to make help me by telling in idg3010@gmail.com

i want an power point presentation document for presentation on this poem with author's history and achievements,theme of poem,notes,summary,irony,criticism,metaphor for my school presentation too hard to make help me by telling in idg3010@gmail.com

The poem conveys a deep meaning. But also, it has been written in quite a complex and profound manner. I am a Xll student, who was trying hard to understand what this genius poet wants to say. With your contribution, it has become easy to understand its meaning as well as to develop a sense of appreciation for the poem.Thank You

but what the Padmini Mohan mam said is true because on docstoc. com the same is posted on 18/11/2009 but on this doc the comments are already made on 11/9/2009 how is it possible how can anyone make comment on a post which is not posted and which is already copied from bookrags.com where the original doc is there which is published on 12 jan 2009

thank you so much sir.. i have my tests from tomorrow and i was trying to understand this poem since morning but i couldn't understand anything and could not interpret what spender wanted to convey from this poem.. then i just googled the summary of this oem and i got this one.. i am very much thankful to you..!! THANK YOU VERY MUCH..!!

sir,thanx for the excellent help before exams but i would be glad if you could elaborate the 3-8 lines.for ex- the paper seeming boys shows malnourishment and the others but a big thanks as the paid explatins were not as good as yours.

The boy with rat seeming eyes: He is paper thin, ie- he has no food to eat. Hence the rat seeming eyes/ he has to resort to stealing and pilferage for self sustenance.He is alert, cunning and sly.The next boy is one who has inherited his fathers disease, in contrast to reciting his lessons, he recites this disease/ that's all he has to show.

Thanks sir really the explanation is more than enough. The problem with me is that i am not sure whether the students are getting me. Please tell me some more hints how to teach poems ib class 12. Thanks

I AM VAISHNAVI..THIS YEAR IN CLASS 12TH.....THANKS SIR, I AM GLAD TO SAY I UNDERSTOOD THE POEM VERY NICELY BY READING UR EXPLANATION....PLEASE KINDLY FAVOUR ME IN ONE MORE THINK LET ME KNOW HOW TO WRITE THE THEME OF POEM IF ASKED IN EXAMS...?I TRIED BUT I WANT NO GRAMMATICAL MISTAKES SOO PLEASE HELP ME....

sir,maybe u arent following the comments any more..but a really good explanation..i came across a comment that someone was accusing u of copying this from somewhere else, n i am glad that it was a blank versewith lots of respect,~student :)