The Russian government is demanding state-owned monopolies cut their spending by 10 percent annually over the next five years, as part of a larger concentrated effort to make state-owned companies more competitive.

Managers of state-owned Gazprom, Transneft, Russian Railways, and
Rossetti (Russian Grids) have a week to present a business plan
to the Ministry of Economy to reduce operating expenses by at
least 10 percent of 2012 levels over the next five years.

“We want companies to submit their plans to reduce costs,
which, in our opinion, must be tough, especially on capital
expenditures,” Pavel Shpilevoy, the head of the department of
tariffs and infrastructure reforms said, Kommersant reported.

Russian Grids, a Moscow-based energy monopoly, will try and
optimize costs without lowering wages by reducing manager staff,
according to a company spokesperson.

Cutting costs may be difficult for Gazprom, Russia’s largest
natural gas exporter, which is in the midst of the expansive
South Stream pipe construction project, which by 2019 could
deliver up to 64 billion cubic meters of gas to Europe. The
company could cut costs if it manages to speed up the completion
of its planned St. Petersburg headquarters. Last week, the gas
giant cancelled nearly $3.5 billion in pipeline repairs,
Vedomosti reports.

In 2011, then-President Dmitry Medvedev ambitiously laid out a
blueprint for state-owned companies, and not only monopolies, to
cut costs by 10 percent in preparation for future privatization.
Medvedev planned to sell off 12 large state-owned companies,
including Rosneft, and reduce the government’s share in 7 others
by 2012.

Slow growth, crisis spillover, and inflation have forced
officials to postpone Russia’s target dates to 2016, worried they
will undersell their assets.

In October, Russia sold off a 16 percent stake in the state
diamond producer ALROSA for $1.3 billion, a long way from its
projected $13-15 billion valuation.

The Kremlin has taken ambitious measures to make companies where
it owns a majority stake more efficient, and will hang onto some
of their most valuable assets, like Rosneft, and VTB, the
country’s second largest bank, RusHydro, and Zaruezhenft, which
were originally part of the privatization plan.

A quarter of Russian Railways will be sold in 2016, and 25
percent, instead of 50 percent, of the United Shipbuilding
Corporation will go public.

The Russian government has spent billions of dollars revamping
Moscow’s three airports, in preparation for future privatization
sales pegged to start in 2016. Landline provider Rostelcom is
also on the chopping block as part of the state asset sale plan.

Initially the state budget was supposed to get 925 billion rubles
($28bn) from state assets sale in the next 3 years, but if
ALROSA’s disappointing sale is any indicator, this figure will be
revised.

End of LNG monopoly for Gazprom

Last February Russian President Vladimir Putin called for a
“gradual” end to Gazprom’s monopoly of liquefied natural
gas exports.

Monday, he signed landmark legislation which will limit Gazprom’s
exports to its pipelines, which opens up the opportunity for
companies like Novatek, Russia’s biggest natural gas producer,
and state-owned Rosneft, which is also a proponent of splitting
Gazprom, which both produces and transports a majority of LNG
products.

Gazprom will still be Russia’s pipeline king, as it will keep the
monopoly on pipeline gas, but the new law will let other Russian
producers like Novatek and Rosneft ship in tankers to high-demand
Asia.

Companies will be allowed to export LNG if they are licensed to
build LNG plants, or if they are more than 50 percent-owned by
the state.

With the new legislation, Russia’s gas industry will begin
to mirror the oil industry model, where state-owned Transneft
operates cross-country pipelines, and state-run Rosneft is
engaged in crude production.