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This New Study Suggests Time Did Actually Exist Before The Big Bang

Taking
Einstein's famous equations at face value and making as few assumptions as
possible, a team of researchers has rewound the clock on our Universe to find
it wouldn't lead to a stopping point at all, but would take us through a
different kind of beginning into a flipped space.

According to
a straightforward interpretation of general relativity, the Big Bang wasn't the
start of 'everything'.

To
understand what all the fuss over the Big Bang is, we need to rewind a bit to
understand why physicists think it may not have been the start of everything.

Around 90
years ago, a Belgian astronomer named Georges Lemaître proposed
that observed changes in the shifting of light from distant galaxies implied
the Universe is expanding. If it's getting bigger, it stands that it used
to be smaller. Keep rewinding the clock – by around 13.8 billion years – and we
get to a point where space has to be confined to an incredibly tiny volume,
also known as a singularity.

"At
this time, the Big Bang, all the matter in the universe, would have been on top
of itself. The density would have been infinite," Stephen Hawking once
explained in his lecture on The Beginning of
Time.

There are a
number of models physicists use to describe the nothingness of empty space.
Einstein's general relativity is one - it describes gravity as it relates to
the geometry of the Universe's underlying fabric.

Theorems
proposed by Hawking and mathematician Roger Penrose claim that solutions to
general relativity's equations on an infinitely constrained scale – like the
one inside a singularity – are incomplete. In everyday terms, it's often said
physics breaks down at the singularity; leading to a mix of speculations on
what little we can tease out of the physics that still makes sense.

Hawking only
recently gave his own take in an interview with Neil deGrasse Tyson,
where he likened the space-time dimensions of the Big Bang to the South Pole.
"There is nothing south of the South Pole, so there was nothing around
before the Big Bang," he said.

Taking a
slightly different approach, physicists Tim A. Koslowski, Flavio Mercati, and
David Sloan have come up with a new model, pointing out that the breakdown
arises from a contradiction in properties at a particular point in time as
defined by general relativity.

What the
theorem doesn't imply is how the Universe as we observe it necessarily gets to
that point in the first place. Stepping back from the whole singularity issue,
the researchers reinterpreted the existing model of shrinking space by
distinguishing the map of space-time itself from the 'stuff' in it.

"All
the terms that are problematic turn out to be irrelevant when working out the behavior
of quantities that determine how the Universe appears from the
inside," says Sloan,
a physicist from the University of Oxford.

What this
essentially adds up to is a description of the Big Bang where physics remains
intact as the stage it acts upon reorientates.

Rather than
a singularity, the team call this a Janus Point, named after the Roman god with
two faces. The relative positions and scales of the stuff that makes up the
Universe effectively flatten into a two-dimensional pancake as we rewind time.
Passing through the Janus Point, that pancake turns 3D again, only
back-to-front.

What that
means in physical terms is hard to say, but the researchers believe it could
have profound implications on symmetry in particle physics, maybe even
producing a Universe based primarily on antimatter. While the idea of a flipped
Universe is old news, the approach of working around the singularity
problem in this particular way is novel.

"We
introduce no new principles, and make no modifications to Einstein's theory of
general relativity – only of the interpretation that is put upon
objects," says Sloan.

No doubt
this debate will rage on well into the future. Who knows? Maybe there's a
similar argument happening in the mirror Universe sometime on the other side of
the Janus Point.