Primary Care and Specialist Approaches to Hypogonadism Treatment and Referral

Although the majority of hypogonadism cases can be managed by the primary care clinician, referral to a specialist is appropriate in specific instances. The treatment of hypogonadism and men's health concerns ideally incorporates a multidisciplinary approach. In this clip, we explore how the urologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, and primary care clinician are each involved in the management of hypogonadism.

Defining the Associations Between Hypogonadism and Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiometabolic Disease and the Effect of Testosterone Therapy in the Population With These Comorbidities

A well-developed body of evidence suggests that male hypogonadism is associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome and its components that may increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In this clip, we discuss the relationships between these conditions and the latest studies exploring the effect of testosterone therapy in the patient populations affected.

Some epidemiologic studies have shown that low endogenous testosterone levels are independently associated with cardiovascular risk factors, and it has been hypothesized that hypogonadism contributes to higher mortality via arterial stiffening, endothelial dysfunction, and increased atherosclerosis. In this clip, we review some of the epidemiologic evidence and discuss what is currently known about the cardiovascular safety of testosterone therapy and what needs further investigation.

Looking at the Proof: Investigating the Inverse Relationship Between Prostate Cancer Risk and Endogenous Testosterone Levels

As screening for prostate cancer increases, some clinicians have expressed concerns about an association between prostate cancer and testosterone therapy. In this clip, we provide the historical context for these concerns, the latest research, and the implications for hypogonadism treatment.