An expository essay

Globalization describes a process by which national and regional economies,

societies, and cultures have become integrated through the global network of trade,communication, immigration and transportation. Globalization was often primarily focused onthe economic side of the world, more recently the term has been expanded to include abroader range of areas and activities such as culture, media, technology, socio-cultural,political, and even biological factors, like climate change. There are some global challengesthat our world is facing today.

Beside that, main challenge that our world facing nowadays is sustainabledevelopment and climate change. Climate change may be the most daunting problem thathumankind has ever encountered, and economic globalization is accelerating it. Climatechange has been defined as the composition of the atmosphere which surrounds the planetis altering as a result of the emissions of tonnes of polluting gases which is calledgreenhouse gases from industry, transportation, agriculture and consumer practices.Because of this thickening blanket of gases,the atmosphere is gradually warming.

Moreover, the entire planet will be affected by the climatic changes. The impacts thatpredicted is melting of the glaciers and polar ice sheets. It contribute to sea level rise and italso exposes more dark ocean waters, which absorbs more sunlight than ice, and thus heatsthe ocean more, triggering a cycle of melting and heating. The next impact is the oceans aregetting hotter, expanding, and becoming more acidic. Oceans absorb 30 million tons of Co2each day, increasing their acidity. The oceans are getting hotter, because they soak up 90%of the extra heat in the atmosphere. This causes the oceans to expand, and this alsocontributes to higher sea levels. Meanwhile, the higher concentration of Co2 in the oceanmakes the water more acidic.

Furthermore, there are many factors that cause climate change. One of the factor is After that, the links between climate change and sustainable development are strong.Sustainable development is a process where meeting the needs of the present withoutcompromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. There are threedimensions to sustainable development. There are economic, social and environmental.

I will focus much on the environmental role as it is contributing to protecting and

enhancing our natural, built and historic environment; and, as part of this, helping to improvebiodiversity, use natural resources prudently, minimise waste and pollution, and adapt toclimate change including moving to a low carbon economy.

In industrialised countries, there are a wide range of steps which could be taken toincrease conservation and energy efficiency and thereby dramatically reduce the amount offossil fuels used. Many technologies already exist for more efficient electrical lighting,appliances, automobiles and further technological development could occur if adequateresources were directed. Alternative, renewable energy sources are becoming moreeconomically viable. Urban planning designs have been developed that would reorientcommunity living so that people were less dependent on having to use their individualautomobile and public transportation would be more attractive, efficient and economical.

Scientists are studying how to create sunshades in space, build towers to suck CO2from the air, sequester CO2 underground, spread iron powder in oceans to increasephytoplankton, and reuse carbon at power plants to produce cement and grow algae forbiofuels. Large-scale geoengineering, such as spraying aerosols into the atmosphere toreduce sunlight, could have unintended and irreversible side effects, such as making thedaytime sky significantly brighter and whiter. Other suggestions include retrofitting coalplants to burn leaner and to capture and reuse carbon emissions, raising fuel efficiencystandards, and increasing vegetarianism (the livestock sector emits more GHGs thantransportation does).