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In France and England

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William the Conqueror - England

Domesday Book

Henry - England

On Christmas Day 1066, William took the crown of England after defeating another person who also wanted power at the Battle of Hastings. He had he Domesday census taken to learn about his kingdom. This helped William and future kings build a successful system of collecting taxes, which would help them build up their kingdoms.

John - England

The book Domesday by William the Conqueror, is a comprehensive record of the extent, value, ownership and liabilites of land in England.

Magna Carta

In 1154, Henry inherited the throne, bhe broaden the system of royal justice. He found ways to expand customs into law, he sent out traveling justices to enforce royal laws. The royal courts became the foundations of English common law a legal system based on customs and court ruling. England developed an early jury system.

Edward I - England

Henry's son Johm was a clever, greedy, cruel and untrustworthy ruler. He faced three powerful enemies, King Philip II of France, Pope Innocent III and his own English nobles, he lost his struggles with each. John had to accept England as a fief of the papacy and pay a yearly fee to Rome to save himself and his crown.

King John of England was forced to sign the Magna Carta which means "Great Charter" in 1215. Ideas from the Magna Carta still influence the systems of government in many countries around the world.

In 1295, Edward I summoned Parliament to approve money for his wars in France "what touches all , should be approved by all." He had representatives of the common people join with the lords and clergy. Kings Edward I, later English monarchs summoned Parliament for their own purposes, Parliament gain power to approve any new taxes.