The article is devoted to the historical awareness and historical thinking in
a psychological perspective — the empirical subject-matter rarely undertaken and rather on
the fringes of psychology. The part on historical awareness, after a synthetic presentation of
various ways of its psychological interpretation, pays attention to two psychological theories,
namely Rusen’s theory of historical awareness development and Kolbl and Straub’s
psychological theory of historical awareness as a specific form of practical intelligence. The
second part of the article discusses theoretical conceptions and some of the results of the
research on psychological aspects of historical thinking.