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How do you practice good temperature control? Buy a thermometer that can handle high heat (I have a lovely model that goes up to 400°F). As you heat up your oil, keep a hand on the range dial. The temperature will drop as new batches of food are added, meaning you'll have to pause and raise the temperature of the oil between fry batches. Keep watching the thermometer.

After the first (and each subsequent) fry, you have to drain the oil and filter it. Any impurities and unwanted extras (like loose crumbs or bits of batter) are going to wreck the oil’s integrity, burning next time you crank the heat.

Make yourself a detective in finding and filtering out the nasty bits. Drape a few layers of cheesecloth in a metal strainer or chinois to filter out the smallest crumbs. Bring the oil to room temperature, and then keep it refrigerated in an air tight container (I keep mine in a 2 quart Cambro).

At the flavor level, you’ll also want to use some discretion with reusing oil. The frying oil is going to take on the flavor of food you cooked in it; which makes fried fish oil killer for shrimp, but not so great for doughnuts or onion rings. Our kitchen team's advice is separate your oils to prevent bad flavor overlaps.

Each time you reuse an oil, it gets more and more destabilized until it decomposes. The way the oil starts looking when it starts to decompose is very distinct. Robert Wolke, scientist and author of
What Einstein Told His Cook
, writes: “Hot oils tend to polymerize—their molecules join together into much bigger molecules that give the oil a thick, gummy consistency and a darker color.”

If your recycled oil is looking cloudy or has foam formed on top, it's time for it to go. Bad frying oil might be tricky to gage with your eyes, but it doesn't have a subtle smell. It’s that acrid, heavy scent you’ll pick up in front of
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. Crack open your container and smell the oil you’re keeping periodically. If there is even a hint of rancidity or anything "off," it's time to toss it out.

Regardless of the amount of care you’re putting in here, you shouldn’t use oil that’s more than 1-2 months old.

Okay, so you've used and reused your oil like a boss, with no decomposition or rancid smells. But what do you do when it's time to say goodbye? As tempting as it seems,
do not
dump grease down the drain with hot water. It'll get stuck in pipes and cause plumbing problems later on. When it's time to toss, place the oil in a sealable bag and discard with your regular trash, or for bonus environmental points, find a
local disposal center that accepts used cooking oil.

The human brain on average weighs about three pounds. The top of the brain is divided into two hemispheres. The bottom of the brain is connected to the spinal cord by the brain stem. If you were able to split the brain directly down the center, you would find the thalamus sitting at the top of the brain stem. The thalamus is composed of two parts, often referred to as lobes. These lobes are symmetrical and are about the size of a walnut.

Have you ever called an organization and reached someone who is a switchboard operator? A switchboard operator is responsible for receiving information, interpreting the information, and making the proper connections to send and receive information. In the brain, the thalamus serves like a switchboard operator for the body. The thalamus is critical in relaying sensory information to the brain.

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One of our primary senses is sight. Whenever an image hits the retina of the eye, an impulse is sent to the thalamus, and it relays the information to the occipital lobe of the brain, where visual information is processed. We also rely heavily on our sense of hearing. Whenever a sound is picked up by the inner ear, the information is processed through a part of the thalamus to the primary auditory complex of the brain, where it can be interpreted and recognized.

The thalamus also serves in determining our levels of consciousness. Scientists have determined that the thalamus has a role in regulating our periods of sleep and wakefulness. It helps to determine our level of activity, awareness, and arousal. Individuals who suffer damage to the thalamus are often left in a state of permanent coma.

Lesson Summary

Let's review. The is located in the center of the brain at the top of the brain stem. It consists of two symmetrical lobes that are about the size of a walnut. The thalamus functions to relay sensory messages from the body to the brain and to regulate levels of consciousness.

Learning Outcomes

This lesson will provide information about the thalamus so that you can:

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Let’s get this out of the way first – this project isn’t meant to be a replacement for your regular smartphone. Although, at the very least, you can use it as one if you’d like to. But [Shree Kumar]’s Hackaday Prize 2018 entry, the
Kite : Open Hardware Android Smartphone
aims to be an Open platform for hackers and everyone else, enabling them to dig into the innards of a smartphone and use it as a base platform to build a variety of hardware.

When talking about modular smartphones, Google’s Project Ara and the Phonebloks project immediately spring to mind. Kite is similar in concept. It lets you interface hacker friendly modules and break out boards – for example, sensors or displays – to create your own customized solutions. And since the OS isn’t tied to any particular brand flavor, you can customize and tweak Android to suit specific requirements as well. There are no carrier locks or services to worry about and the bootloader is unlocked.

At the core of the project is the KiteBoard – populated with all the elements that are usually stuffed inside a smartphone package – Memory, LTE/3G/2G radios, micro SIM socket, GPS, WiFi, BT, FM, battery charging, accelerometer, compass, gyroscope and a micro SD slot. The
first version
of KiteBoard was based around the Snapdragon 410. After some subtle prodding at a gathering of hackers in Bangalore, [Shree] moved over to the light side, and decided to make the
KiteBoard V2
Open Source. The new board will feature a Snapdragon 450 processor among many other upgrades.The second PCB in the Kite Project is a display board which interfaces the 5″ touchscreen LCD to the main KiteBoard. Of Hacker interest is the addition of a 1080p HDMI output on this board that lets you
hook it up to external monitors
easily and also allows access to the MIPI DSI display interface.

Finally, there’s the Expansion Board which provides all the exciting hacking possibilities. It has a Raspberry Pi compatible HAT connector with GPIO’s referenced to 3.3 V (the KiteBoard works at 1.8 V). But the GPIO’s can also be referenced to 5 V instead of 3.3 V if you need to make connections to an Arduino, for example. All of the other phone interfaces are accessible via the expansion board such as the speaker, mic, earpiece,power, volume up / down for hacking convenience. The Expansion board also provides access to all the usual bus interfaces such as SPI, UART, I²C and I²S.

To showcase the capabilities of the Kite project, [Shree] and his team have built a few
phone
and
gadget
variants. Build instructions and design files for 3D printing enclosures and other parts have been documented in several of his project logs. A large part of the BoM consists of off-the-shelf components, other than the three Kite board modules. If you have
feature requests
, the Kite team is looking to hear from you.