The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) is one of the major centers of advanced study of nuclear physics in Russia. It is located in the Siberian town Akademgorodok and was founded by Gersh Budker in 1959. Gersh Budker, also named Andrey Mikhailovich Budker, was a Soviet nuclear physicist. He was appointed Corresponding Member of the Siberian branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences on March 28, 1958, and was made an Academician of the division of nuclear physics on June 26, 1964. He is best known for his invention in 1968 of electron cooling, a method of reducing the emittance of particle beams by thermalisation with a co-propagating electron beam. His portrait decorates the famous Round Table room in the institute.

Following his death, the institute was renamed the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in his honour. Budker died in Akademgorodok from a heart attack at 59. The BINP is not actually an institute because has its own production and unique for Russian technologies. Despite its name, the center was not involved either with military atomic science or nuclear reactors - instead, its concentration was on high-energy physics (particularly plasma physics) and particle physics. In 1961 the institute began building the first particle accelerator in the world which collided two beams of particles. The BINP now employs over 3000 people, and hosts several research groups and facilities.