Stoichiometry, in chemistry, the determination of the proportions in which elements or compounds react with one another. The rules followed in the determination of stoichiometric relationships are based on the laws of conservation of mass and energy and the law of combining weights or volumes. See alsoequivalent weight.

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in chemistry, the quantity of a substance that exactly reacts with, or is equal to the combining value of, an arbitrarily fixed quantity of another substance in a particular reaction. Substances react with each other in stoichiometric, or chemically equivalent, proportions, and a common standard...

...each other—the ratio of the weight of an atom of oxygen to one of hydrogen, for instance—by examining reacting weights of macroscopic quantities of these elements. In fact, the laws of stoichiometry (combining weights of elements) were just then being developed, and Dalton used these regularities to justify his inferences. His first discussion of these issues dates to 1803, and he...

The stoichiometry of a reaction consists of the chemical formulas and relative molecular proportions of starting materials and products. Obviously these have a bearing on the mechanism of the reaction, for the overall reaction course must proceed from starting materials to the products. The stoichiometry of the reaction may be misleading, however, because the participants in the overall...

Describing the redox processes as above conveys no information about the mechanism by which change takes place. A complete description of the net chemical change for a process is known as the stoichiometry of the reaction, which provides the characteristic combining proportions of elements and compounds. Reactions are classified as redox and nonredox on the basis of stoichiometry; oxygen-atom,...

The ratio of reactants and products in a chemical reaction is called chemical stoichiometry. Stoichiometry depends on the fact that matter is conserved in chemical processes, and calculations giving mass relationships are based on the concept of the mole. One mole of any element or compound contains the same number of atoms or molecules, respectively, as one mole of any other element or...

In addition to his qualitative specification of chemicals, Berzelius investigated their quantitative relationships. As early as 1806, he began to prepare an up-to-date Swedish chemistry textbook and read widely on the subject of chemical combination. Finding little information on the subject, he decided to undertake further investigations. His pedagogical interest focused his attention upon...