Question

In preparing its budget proposals, a city’s budget committee initially estimated that total revenues would be $120 million and total expenditures would be $123 million. In light of the balanced budget requirements that the city has to meet, the committee proposed several measures to either increase revenues or decrease expenditures. They included the following:1. Delay the payment of $0.4 million of city bills from the last week of the ﬁscal year covered by the budget to the ﬁrst week of the next ﬁscal year.2. Change the way property taxes are accounted for in the budget. Currently, property taxes are counted as revenues only if they are expected to be collected during the budget year. New budgetary principles would permit the city to include as revenues all taxes expected to be collected within 60 days of the following ﬁscal year in addition to those collected during the year. The committee estimates that the change would have a net impact of $1.2 million.3. Change the way that supplies are accounted for in the budget. Currently, supplies are recognized as expenditures at the time they are ordered. The proposal would delay recognition of the expenditure until they are actually received. The committee estimates a net effect of $0.8 million.4. Defer indeﬁnitely $1.5 million of maintenance on city roads. Except as just noted with respect to supplies, the city currently prepares its budget on a near-cash basis, even though other bases are also legally permissible. It prepares its year-end ﬁnancial statements, however, on an accrual basis.a. Indicate the impact that each of the proposals would have on the city’s (1) budget, (2) annual year-end ﬁnancial statements, and (3) “substantive” economic well-being. Be sure to distinguish between direct and indirect consequences.b. It is sometimes said that choice of accounting principles doesn’t matter in that they affect only the way the entity’s ﬁscal ‘‘story’’ is told; they have no impact on the entity’s actual ﬁscal history or current status. Do you agree? Explain.