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Flower Structure
A flower is a collection of both sterile and fertile reproductive organs born on the
axis (receptacle)
Sometimes one ore more sterile, leaf like structures called bracts occur on the
flower stall below the flowers on sterile organs
The fl

Absorption and Transport System
Transcription and Water Flow
- Cuticle relatively hydrophobic
o Stomata, lenticels and cracks in cuticle allow loss of water vapour from inside the
plant
-
5 major forces move water
o Diffusion: movement of molecules from h

Control of Growth and Development
Plant Development
- Plants have indeterminate as well as determinate growth patterns
o Indeterminate: roots and shoots will continue to grow until stopped by an
environmental or internal signal
o Determinate: occurs in di

Life Cycles Meiosis and Alternation of Generations
Life Cycles Transfer Genetic Information
- Asexual reproduction: each generation is identical to the last
o Occurs in unicellular and multicellular organisms
o Requires only single parent cell/organism
o

CHAPTER SEVEN: The Root System
Functions
- Anchorage, water and nutrient uptake and transport, modify soils, storage, reproduction,
communication, gas exchange
Types of Root Systems
- Fibrous: several main roots that branch to form a dense mass of roots
o

The Flower and Sexual Reproduction
The Flower: Site of Sexual Reproduction
- Development beings with sexual reproductive cycle
o Function of flower is to facilitate important events of gamete formation
o Involves production of special reproductive cells a

Bio 222 Final Study Notes
Plant Reproduction
The ability of plants to perpetuate themselves using either
asexual or sexual methods, or even both methods at different times of the plants
life cycle
Asexual (vegetative) Reproduction
Relies on growth, inclu

Photosynthetic rate under different light treatments
INTRODUCTION:
Photosynthesis is the biological process by which plants produce energy. Plant pigments trap
photons of light energy from the sun and convert it to chemical energy. This energy is needed
f