10 U.S. Code § 114 - Annual authorization of appropriations

(a)No funds may be appropriated for any fiscal year to or for the use of any armed force or obligated or expended for—

(1)procurement of aircraft, missiles, or naval vessels;

(2)any research, development, test, or evaluation, or procurement or production related thereto;

(3)procurement of tracked combat vehicles;

(4)procurement of other weapons;

(5)procurement of naval torpedoes and related support equipment;

(6)military construction;

(7)the operation and maintenance of any armed force or of the activities and agencies of the Department of Defense (other than the military departments);

(8)procurement of ammunition; or

(9)other procurement by any armed force or by the activities and agencies of the Department of Defense (other than the military departments);

unless funds therefor have been specifically authorized by law.

(b)In subsection (a)(6), the term “military construction” includes any construction, development, conversion, or extension of any kind which is carried out with respect to any military facility or installation (including any Government-owned or Government-leased industrial facility used for the production of defense articles and any facility to which section
2353 of this title applies), any activity to which section
2807 of this title applies, any activity to which chapter
1803 of this title applies, and advances to the Secretary of Transportation for the construction of defense access roads under section
210 of title
23. Such term does not include any activity to which section
2821 or
2854 of this title applies.

(c)

(1)The size of the Special Defense Acquisition Fund established pursuant to chapter 5 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2795 et seq.) may not exceed $1,070,000,000.

(2)Notwithstanding section 37(a) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2777(a)), amounts received by the United States pursuant to subparagraph (A) of section 21(a)(1) of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2761(a)(1))—

(A)shall be credited to the Special Defense Acquisition Fund established pursuant to chapter 5 of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2795 et seq.), as authorized by section 51(b)(1) of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2795(b)(1)), but subject to the limitation in paragraph (1) and other applicable law; and

(B)to the extent not so credited, shall be deposited in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts as provided in section
3302(b) of title
31.

(d)Funds may be appropriated for the armed forces for use as an emergency fund for research, development, test, and evaluation, or related procurement or production, only if the appropriation of the funds is authorized by law after June 30, 1966.

(e)In each budget submitted by the President to Congress under section
1105 of title
31, amounts requested for procurement of equipment for the reserve components of the armed forces (including the National Guard) shall be set forth separately from other amounts requested for procurement for the armed forces.

(f)In each budget submitted by the President to Congress under section
1105 of title
31, amounts requested for procurement of ammunition for the Navy and Marine Corps, and for procurement of ammunition for the Air Force, shall be set forth separately from other amounts requested for procurement.

In subsection (c)(5), the words “It is the sense of Congress that” are omitted as unnecessary. The words “Secretary of Defense” are substituted for “Department of Defense” the first time it appears because the responsibility is in the head of the agency. The word “Therefore” is omitted as surplus. The word “complete” is substituted for “full”, and the word “personnel” is substituted for “manpower” except in the phrase “manpower requirements”, for consistency.

In subsection (i), the words “may be . . . only if” are substituted for “No . . . may be . . . unless” to use the positive voice. The words “after June 30, 1966” are substituted for “after that date” for clarity.

References in Text

The Arms Export Control Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 90–629, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1320, as amended. Chapter 5 of the Arms Export Control Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§ 2795 et seq.) of chapter
39 of Title
22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section
2751 of Title
22 and Tables.

Prior Provisions

Provisions similar to those in subsec. (c)(2) of this section were contained in Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, § 9017,Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1133, which was set out as a note below, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 101–510, § 1481(a)(2).

“(f) The amounts of the estimated expenditures and proposed appropriations necessary to support programs, projects, and activities of the Department of Defense included pursuant to paragraph (5) of section
1105(a) of title
31 in the budget submitted to Congress by the President under such section for any fiscal year or years and the amounts specified in all program and budget information submitted to Congress by the Department of Defense in support of such estimates and proposed appropriations shall be mutually consistent unless, in the case of each inconsistency, there is included detailed reasons for the inconsistency.

“(g) The Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress not later than April 1 of each year, the five-year defense program (including associated annexes) used by the Secretary in formulating the estimated expenditures and proposed appropriations included in such budget to support programs, projects, and activities of the Department of Defense.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–145, § 1403, substituted “$1,000,000,000” for “$300,000,000 in fiscal year 1982, may not exceed $600,000,000 in fiscal year 1983, and may not exceed $900,000,000 in fiscal year 1984 or any fiscal year thereafter”.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 97–214substituted “, any activity to which section
2807 of this title applies, any activity to which chapter
133 of this title applies, and advances to the Secretary of Transportation for the construction of defense access roads under section
210 of title
23” for “but excludes any activity to which section
2673 or
2674, or chapter 133section
2673 or
2674, or chapter 133, of this title apply, or to which section 406(a) ofPublic Law 85–241 (42 U.S.C. 1594i) applies” and inserted provision that “military construction” does not include any activity to which section
2821 or
2854 of this title applies.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–252, § 1103, limited size of Special Defense Acquisition Fund to $600,000,000 in fiscal year 1983, striking out such sum as a limit in any fiscal year thereafter, and limited size of Fund to $900,000,000 in fiscal year 1984 or any fiscal year thereafter.

Subsec. (e)(3), (4). Pub. L. 97–86, § 302, struck out pars. (3) and (4) which required the Secretary to include in each report a projection of the combat readiness of specified military units proposed to be maintained during the next fiscal year.

Subsec. (c)(3)(D). Pub. L. 96–513, § 102(b), substituted provisions relating to expanded coverage in the annual report of the Secretary of Defense for provisions under which the report had formerly covered only the estimated requirements in members on active duty during the next fiscal year, the estimated number of commissioned officers in each grade on active duty and to be promoted during the next fiscal year, and an analysis of the distribution by grade of commissioned officers on active duty at the time the report was prepared.

1976—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 94–361required the report to Congress to identify, define, and group by mission and by region the types of military bases, installations, and facilities and to provide an explanation and justification of the relationship between the base structure and the proposed military force structure together with a comprehensive identification of base operating support costs and an evaluation of possible alternatives to reduce the costs.

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, § 1501(c),Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 498, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective as of Dec. 1, 1994, and as if included as an amendment made by the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act, title XVI of Pub. L. 103–337, as originally enacted.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–214applicable with respect to funds appropriated for fiscal years beginning after Sept. 30, 1983, see section 12(b) ofPub. L. 97–214, set out as a note under section
2801 of this title.

Amendment by section 102 ofPub. L. 96–513effective Sept. 15, 1981, but the authority to prescribe regulations under the amendment by Pub. L. 96–513effective on Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701 ofPub. L. 96–513, set out as a note under section
101 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–165, title IX, § 9017,Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1133, which prohibited funding to be used for planning or executing programs which utilized amounts credited to the Department of Defense pursuant to section
2777(a) of Title
22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, was repealed and restated in subsec. (c)(2) of this section by Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XIV, § 1481(a),Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1704.

The following general provisions, which had been repeated as fiscal year provisions in prior appropriation acts, were enacted as permanent law in the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1986, Pub. L. 99–190, § 101(b) [title VIII, §§ 8005,
8006,
8009], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1185, 1202, 1203, 1204:

“Sec. 8005. [Authorized use of appropriated funds for expenses in connection with administration of occupied areas; payment of rewards for information leading to discovery of missing naval property or recovery thereof; payment of deficiency judgments and interests thereon arising out of condemnation proceedings; leasing of buildings and facilities; payments under contracts for maintenance of tools and facilities for twelve months; maintenance of defense access roads; purchase of milk for enlisted personnel; payments under leases for real or personal property, including maintenance; purchase of right-hand-drive vehicles not to exceed $12,000 per vehicle; payment of unusual cost overruns incident to ship overhaul, maintenance, and repair; payments from annual appropriations to industrial fund activities and/or under contract for changes in scope of ship overhaul, maintenance, and repair after expiration of such appropriations; and payments for depot maintenance contracts for twelve months; and was repealed and (except for section
8005(e)) restated in sections
2242(2),
2252,
2253(a)(2),
2389(b),
2410a,
2661(b), and
7313 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(e)(1), (h)(1), (2), (l)(3), (n)(1), (p)(3),July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 844, 847, 849–851. Section
8005(c) was not restated in view of section
2676(e) [now 2664(e)] of this title.]

“Sec. 8006. [Authorized use of appropriated funds for military courts, boards, and commissions; utility services for buildings erected at private cost and buildings on military reservations authorized by regulations to be used for welfare and recreational purposes; and exchange fees, and losses in accounts of disbursing officers or agents; and was repealed and restated in sections
2242(3),
2490, and
2781 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(e)(1), (j)(1), (m)(1), (p)(3),July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 844, 848, 849, 851.]

“Sec. 8009. [Provided for exemption from apportionment requirement; exceptions for cost of airborne alerts and cost of increased military personnel on active duty; and for reports to Congress; and was repealed and restated in section
2201 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(d)(1),July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 841.]”

The following general provisions, that had been repeated as fiscal year provisions in prior appropriation acts, were enacted as permanent law in the Department of Defense Appropriation Act, 1984, Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, §§ 705–707,
723,
728,
735,
774,Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1437, 1438, 1443, 1444, 1452:

“Sec. 705. [Authorized use of appropriated funds for insurance of official motor vehicles in foreign countries; advance payments for investigations in foreign countries; security guard services for protection of confidential files; and other necessary expenses; and was repealed and restated in sections
2241(b),
2242(1), (4), and
2253(a)(1) of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(e)(1), (p)(1),July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 844, 851.]

“Sec. 706. [Authorized use of appropriated funds for expenses incident to maintenance, pay, and allowances of prisoners of war, other persons in Army, Navy, or Air Force custody whose status was determined by Secretary concerned to be similar to prisoners of war, and persons detained in such custody pursuant to Presidential proclamation, and was repealed by Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §§ 1403(a)(1),
1404,Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2621, effective Oct. 1, 1985. See section
956(5) of this title.]

“Sec. 707. [Authorized use of appropriated funds for acquisition of certain interests in land, and was repealed and restated in sections
2673 and
2828(h) of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(l)(1), (2), (p)(1),July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 849, 851.]

“Sec. 723. [Authorized use of appropriated funds for purchase of household furnishings, and automobiles from military and civilian personnel on duty outside continental United States, for purpose of resale at cost to incoming personnel, and for providing furnishings, without charge, in other than public quarters occupied by military or civilian personnel of Department of Defense on duty outside continental United States or in Alaska, and was repealed and restated in section
2251 of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(e)(1), (p)(1),July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 844, 851.]

“Sec. 728. [Prohibited use of appropriated funds for payment of costs of advertising by any defense contractor, except advertising for which payment is made from profits, provided exemptions for advertising for personnel recruitment, procurement of scarce required items, and disposal of scrap or surplus materials, and was repealed by Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(p)(1),July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 851. See section
2324(e)(1)(H) of this title.]

“Sec. 735. [Authorized use of appropriated funds for operation and maintenance of the active forces for welfare and recreation; hire of passenger motor vehicles; repair of facilities; modification of personal property; design of vessels; industrial mobilization; installation of equipment in public and private plants; military communications facilities on merchant vessels; acquisition of services, special clothing, supplies, and equipment; and expenses for the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps and other units at educational institutions was amended by Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, §§ 1403(a)(2),
1404,Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2621, eff. Oct. 1, 1985, and was repealed and restated in sections
2241(a) and
2661(a) of this title by Pub. L. 100–370, § 1(e)(1), (l)(3), (p)(1),July 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 844, 849, 851.]

“Sec. 774. During the current fiscal year and subsequent fiscal years, for the purposes of the appropriation ‘Foreign Currency Fluctuations, Defense’ the foreign currency exchange rates used in preparing budget submissions shall be the foreign currency exchange rates as adjusted or modified, as reflected in applicable Committee reports on this Act.”

Withdrawal of United States Ground Forces From Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina

“SEC.
1203. WITHDRAWAL OF UNITED STATES GROUND FORCES FROM REPUBLIC OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA.

“(a) Limitation.—No funds appropriated or otherwise made available for the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1998 or any subsequent fiscal year may be used for the deployment of any United States ground combat forces in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina after June 30, 1998, unless the President, not later than May 15, 1998, and after consultation with the bipartisan leadership of the two Houses of Congress, transmits to Congress a certification—

“(1) that the continued presence of United States ground combat forces, after June 30, 1998, in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina is required in order to meet the national security interests of the United States; and

“(2) that after June 30, 1998, it will remain United States policy that United States ground forces will not serve as, or be used as, civil police in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

“(b) Report.—The President shall submit with the certification under subsection (a) a report that includes the following:

“(1) The reasons why that presence is in the national security interest of the United States.

“(2) The number of United States military personnel to be deployed in and around the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and other areas of the former Yugoslavia after that date.

“(3) The expected duration of any such deployment.

“(4) The mission and objectives of the United States Armed Forces to be deployed in and around the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and other areas of the former Yugoslavia after June 30, 1998.

“(5) The exit strategy of such forces.

“(6) The incremental costs associated with any such deployment.

“(7) The effect of such deployment on the morale, retention, and effectiveness of United States armed forces.

“(8) A description of the forces from other nations involved in a follow-on mission, shown on a nation-by-nation basis.

“(9) A description of the command and control arrangement established for United States forces involved in a follow-on mission.

“(10) An assessment of the expected threats to United States forces involved in a follow-on mission.

“(11) The plan for rotating units and personnel to and from the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina during a follow-on mission, including the level of participation by reserve component units and personnel.

“(12) The mission statement and operational goals of the United States forces involved in a follow-on mission.

“(c) Request for Supplemental Appropriations.—The President shall transmit to Congress with a certification under subsection (a) a supplemental appropriations request for the Department of Defense for such amounts as are necessary for the costs of any continued deployment beyond June 30, 1998.

“(d) Construction With President’s Constitutional Authority.—Nothing in this section shall be deemed to restrict the authority of the President under the Constitution to protect the lives of United States citizens.

“(e) Construction With Appropriations Provision.—The provisions of this section are enacted, and shall be applied, as supplemental to (and not in lieu of) the provisions of section 8132 of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1998 (Public Law 105–56) [111 Stat. 1250].

“As used in this subtitle [subtitle A (§§ 1201–1206) of title XII of div. A of Pub. L. 105–85, enacting this note]:

“(1) Dayton peace agreement.—The term ‘Dayton Peace Agreement’ means the General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, initialed by the parties in Dayton, Ohio, on November 21, 1995, and signed in Paris on December 14, 1995.

“(2) Implementation force.—The term ‘Implementation Force’ means the NATO-led multinational military force in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (commonly referred to as ‘IFOR’), authorized under the Dayton Peace Agreement.

“(3) Stabilization force.—The term ‘Stabilization Force’ means the NATO-led follow-on force to the Implementation Force in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and other countries in the region (commonly referred to as ‘SFOR’), authorized under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1088 (December 12, 1996).

“(4) Follow-on mission.—The term ‘follow-on mission’ means a mission involving the deployment of ground elements of the United States Armed Forces in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina after June 30, 1998 (other than as described in section
1203(b)).

“(5) NATO.—The term ‘NATO’ means the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.”

Budget Determination by Director of OMB

Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLV, § 4501,Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2769, directed that amounts made available under Pub. L. 102–484for defense programs covered by certain portions of that Act could be obligated for such programs only if expenditures for such programs had been determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to be counted against the defense category of the discretionary spending limits for fiscal year 1993 for purposes of part C of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 900 et seq.), and required the President to submit to Congress a report listing amounts appropriated for fiscal year 1993 for programs that the Director had determined would not classify against the defense category.

“(a) Status of Classified Annex.—The Classified Annex prepared by the committee of conference to accompany the conference report on the bill S. 1438 of the One Hundred Seventh Congress [Pub. L. 107–107] and transmitted to the President is hereby incorporated into this Act [see Tables for classification].

“(b) Construction With Other Provisions of Act.—The amounts specified in the Classified Annex are not in addition to amounts authorized to be appropriated by other provisions of this Act.

“(c) Limitation on Use of Funds.—Funds appropriated pursuant to an authorization contained in this Act that are made available for a program, project, or activity referred to in the Classified Annex may only be expended for such program, project, or activity in accordance with such terms, conditions, limitations, restrictions, and requirements as are set out for that program, project, or activity in the Classified Annex.

“(d) Distribution of Classified Annex.—The President shall provide for appropriate distribution of the Classified Annex, or of appropriate portions of the annex, within the executive branch of the Government.”

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior authorization or appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, § 1304(b),Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3979, provided that: “New spending authority (as defined in section 401(c)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 651(c)(2)]) provided by the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective for any fiscal year only to the extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts.”

Limitation on Source of Funds for Nicaraguan Democratic Resistance

Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, § 1351,Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3995, as amended by Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, § 1063(a),Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 444, provided that: “Notwithstanding title II of the Military Construction Appropriations Act, 1987 [Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(k) [title II], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–287, 1783–295, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(k) [title II], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–287, 3341–295], or any other provision of law, funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department of Defense for any fiscal year for operation and maintenance may not be used to provide assistance for the democratic resistance forces in Nicaragua. If funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department of Defense for any fiscal year are authorized by law to be used for such assistance, funds for such purpose may only be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the Department for procurement (other than ammunition).”

Use of Appropriated Funds To Support Revenue Generating Activities in Large Metropolitan Areas Prohibited

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, § 101(c) [title VII, § 791], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1865, which provided that no later than end of second fiscal year following fiscal year for which appropriations for Operation and Maintenance have been made available to Department of Defense, unobligated balances of such appropriations provided for fiscal year 1982 and thereafter could be transferred into appropriation “Foreign Currency Fluctuations, Defense” to be merged with and available for same time period and same purposes as appropriation to which transferred, except that any transfer made pursuant to any use of this authority was limited so that amount in appropriation did not exceed $970,000,000 at time of transfer, was repealed and restated in section
2779(d) of this title by Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, § 911(b), (d)(2), (f),Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 406, 407, applicable only with respect to amounts appropriated for a fiscal year after fiscal year 1995.

Waiver of Applicability of OMB Circular A–76 to Contracting Out of Certain Research and Development Activities

“(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), neither the implementing instructions for, nor the provisions of, Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76 (issued on August 30, 1967, and reissued on October 18, 1976, June 13, 1977, and March 29, 1979) shall control or be used for policy guidance for the obligation or expenditure of any funds which under section
138(a)(2) [now 114(a)(2)] of title 10, United States Code, are required to be specifically authorized by law.

“(b) Funds which under section
138(a)(2) [now 114(a)(2)] of title 10, United States Code, are required to be specifically authorized by law may be obligated or expended for operation or support of installations or equipment used for research and development (including maintenance support of laboratories, operation and maintenance of test ranges, and maintenance of test aircraft and ships) in compliance with the implementing instructions for and the provisions of such Office of Management and Budget Circular.

“(c) No law enacted after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 9, 1979] shall be held, considered, or construed as amending, superseding, or otherwise modifying any provision of this section unless such law does so by specifically and explicitly amending, repealing, or superseding this section.”

Manpower Conversion Policies; Development for Annual Manpower Authorization Requests; Justification for Conversion To Be Contained in Annual Manpower Requirements Report to Congress

Pub. L. 93–365, title V, § 502,Aug. 5, 1974, 88 Stat. 404, which provided that it was the sense of Congress that the Department of Defense use the least costly form of manpower consistent with military requirements and other needs of the Department of Defense, that in developing the annual manpower authorization requests to the Congress and in carrying out manpower policies, the Secretary of Defense was to consider the advantages of converting from one form of manpower to another (military, civilian, or private contract) for the performance of a specified job, and that a full justification of any conversion from one form of manpower to another be contained in the annual manpower requirements report to the Congress required by subsec. (c)(3) of this section, was repealed and restated as subsec. (c)(5) of this section by Pub. L. 97–295, §§ 1(3),
6(b).

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