Note the charge on the ions and the need to preserve charge neutrality.d. In a diffraction experiment designed to utilize Bragg's Law (nλ= 2dsinθ), a single crystal of this nuclear fuel pellet is oriented so an incident beam of Cu Kαradiation (λ= 0.154 nm) makes an angle of 14.22° with the (040) family of planes. At what angle should the detector be positioned to capture the 040 diffraction peak?In all Bragg experiments, the scattering condition is established to mimic "reflection" from the diffracting planes, so the incident angle is equal to the diffraction angle. The detector should therefore be positioned at 14.22°from the sample surface, opposite the source.!"#$%&!"#E45 Fall 10 Midterm 01SolutionsProfessor R. Gronskypage9 of 11

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5.Crystal Defectsa. It is claimed that vacancies are not true "point" defects (zero-dimensional) because they exert a tensile stress on the atoms surrounding them, extending over finite dimensions. Consider the illustration of a single close-packed plane containing a vacant site shown to the right. Is there a tensile stress in the vicinity of the vacancy or not? Explain.There appears to be no room to "collapse" into the vacant site when all atoms are touching one another in this plane, but the "hard sphere" model is inaccurate here. There is a collapse into the gap by all contiguous atoms, which in turn stretch their bonds to their nearest neighbors, the equivalent response to a tensile load. So the strain field is "tensile."b. Vacancies are created at high temperatures in concentrations that obey an Arrhenius-type relation. Also at temperatures sufficient to cause diffusion, vacancies can "condense" into dislocation "loops," as shown in an edge-on projection here, with time increasing from left to right. Label both the line direction vector(ξ) and the Burgers vector(b) of the dislocation loop in the final frame. What typeof dislocation (edge or screw) is it?The line direction vector(ξ) runs both intoand outofthe plane of the paper, because it follows the loop, either in at the top, out at the bottom, or the reverse (it may arbitrarily assigned). The Burgers vector(b) however is fixed by the FSRH convention topoint to the right with a magnitude of one interatomic spacing. Because ξ⊥b, the dislocation loop ispure edge. !!!!!!!"E45 Fall 10 Midterm 01SolutionsProfessor R. Gronskypage10 of 11bξ(in)ξ(out)

5.Crystal Defectsc. In BCC crystals, active slip systems consist of close-packed <111>directions and the {1¯10}planes that contain those directions. Consider an edge dislocation with a Burgers vector Specify the possible slip planesfor this edge dislocation.By definition, the slip plane must contain the Burgers vector, and in this instance there are three possible candidate slip planes.Check: Dot product between band all three plane normals = 0d. Nearly all engineering materials are polycrystalline, with individual grains meeting at internal interfaces known as grain boundaries to establish a very important characteristic "grain size." A universal tenet of engineering materials is "fine-grained alloys are stronger than coarse-grained alloys." Explain.

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