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Is E-Stim a Drug? AHCPR decreed incontinence treatments were either (1)Surgery, or (2)Pharmaceuticals, or (3)Behavioral Interventions; What is Electrical Simulation?

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Clinician Characteristics: (1) Surgery Success of any surgical procedure depends on operator expertise…Prospective comparisons often include different surgeons with different degrees of experience and expertise. (1992, p. 48)

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Clinician Characteristics: (2) Pharmaceuticals Personal qualities of the clinician are not relevant; drugs must be proven (to FDA) to be effective regardless of the clinicians or the patients belief system.

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Is E-Stim a Drug? 1.It certainly isnt surgery 2.It isnt behavioral therapy 3.It works like a drug – regardless of patient efforts or beliefs. Therefore, we should either treat it like a drug, or establish a new fourth category.

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TEC PFES Conclusion (2) URGE UI: No conclusions can be drawn from either trial (29) Post-Prostate: …does not demonstrate that the addition of PFES to PME improves outcome…(29)

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Conclusion The Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB) ARGREES with the major conclusions of the TEC report on PFES. In addition, we question spending public funds for a technique which is decidedly less effective than other readily available alternatives, namely, biofeedback.