The Barcelona Pavilion, designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, was the German Pavilion for the 1929 World's Fair in Barcelona. It was an important building in the history of modern architecture, known for its simple form and extravagant materials, such as marble and travertine.

The building stood on a large podium alongside a pool. The structure itself consisted of eight steel posts supporting a flat roof, with curtain glass walling and a handful of partition walls. The overall impression is of perpendicular planes in three dimensions forming a cool, luxurious space.

Mies designed the Barcelona chair for the house. Two of these chairs were used as thrones by the Spanish royal family when they visited the exhibition.

The Pavilion was demolished at the end of the exhibition, but a copy has since been built on the same site.