Footnotes

1Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., was elected to the 90th Congress, but the House refused to seat him. He was subsequently elected to that Congress in a special election to fill his own vacancy, although he chose not to occupy the seat for the duration of the term.

2Charles Coles Diggs, Jr. resigned on June 3, 1980, and was succeeded by George Crockett on November 4, 1980.

3Katie Beatrice Hall was elected to the 97th Congress in a special election to succeed Adam Benjamin on November 2, 1982.

4Eva Clayton was elected by special election on November 3, 1992, to succeed Walter B. Jones.

5William Herbert Gray III resigned on September 11, 1991, and was succeeded by Lucien Edward Blackwell on November 5, 1991.

6Michael Alphonso (Mike) Espy resigned on January 22, 1993, and was succeeded by Bennie Thompson on April 13, 1993.

7Kweisi Mfume resigned on February 15, 1996, and was succeeded by Elijah Eugene Cummings on April 16, 1996.

8Juanita Millender-McDonald was elected by special election on March 26, 1996, to succeed Walter R. Tucker III.

9Mel Reynolds resigned on October 1, 1995, and was succeeded by Jesse L. Jackson, Jr., on December 12, 1995.

10Walter R. Tucker III resigned on December 15, 1995, and was succeeded by Juanita Millender-McDonald on March 26, 1996.

11Donna Christensen served under the name Donna Christian-Green in the 105th Congress.

12Ronald V. Dellums resigned on February 6, 1998, and was succeeded by Barbara Lee on April 7, 1998.

13Floyd Harold Flake resigned on November 17, 1997, and was succeeded by Gregory Meeks on February 3, 1998.

14Barbara Lee was elected by special election on April 7,
1998, to succeed Ronald V. Dellums.

15Diane Edith Watson was elected by special election on June 5, 2001, to succeed Julian Dixon.

16Frank W. Ballance, Jr., resigned on June 11, 2004, and was succeeded by George Kenneth (G. K.) Butterfield, Jr., on July 20, 2004.

17Julia May Carson died on December 15, 2007, and was succeeded in a special election by her grandson André Carson on March 11, 2008.

18Donna Edwards was elected in a special election on June 17, 2008, to succeed Albert R. Wynn.

19Marsha Fudge was elected by special election on November 18, 2008, to succeed Stephanie Tubbs Jones.

20Stephanie Tubbs Jones died on August 20, 2008, and was succeeded in a special election by Marcia Fudge on November 18, 2008.

21Juanita Millender-McDonald died on April 21, 2007, and was succeeded in a special election by Laura Richardson on August 21, 2007.

22Barack Obama resigned on November 16, 2008, having been elected the 44th President of the United States on November 4, 2008.

23Laura Richardson was elected by special election on August 21, 2007, to succeed Juanita Millender-McDonald.

24Albert Russell Wynn resigned on May 31, 2008, and was succeeded by Donna F. Edwards on June 17, 2008.

25Roland Burris was appointed to the United States Senate on December 31, 2008, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Barack Obama; however, Burris's credentials were not in order until January 12, 2009. He took the oath of office on January 15, 2009, and served until November 29, 2010, when he was succeeded in a special election by Mark Kirk.

26Donald Milford Payne died on March 6, 2012, and was succeeded in a special election by his son Donald Payne, Jr., on November 6, 2012.

27Tim Scott resigned his House seat on January 2, 2013, to be appointed to the United States Senate.

28Alma Adams was elected in a special election on November 4, 2014, caused by the resignation of United States Representative Melvin L. Watt.

29Appointed as a Democrat to the United States Senate on February 1, 2013, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Senator John F. Kerry. William (Mo) Cowan did not seek election to the full term and left the Senate on July 15, 2013.

30Robin Kelly was elected by special election on April 9, 2013, to succeed Jesse Jackson, Jr.

31Dwight Evans was elected by special election on November 8, 2016, to succeed Chaka Fattah.