Surgeries were performed between 1986-2001 at Ghent University Hospital.

30 trans women were personally interviewed by a team of experts:*

Follow-up time after surgery was a minimum of one year.

51% of eligible participants took part in the study. (All French patients were excluded from consideration for the study; 24% of all patients participated.)

Technique was described as “vaginoclitoroplasties with the penoscrotal inverted skin flap modified and dorsal glans pedicled flap,” however there may have been some earlier patients with a different technique; this is unclear.

15% had not experienced orgasm after surgery during any sexual practice.

70 trans women were interviewed by a telephone questionnaire; 64 of them had had a clitoroplasty:

Follow-up time was 9-96 months (median = 3 years).

30% of eligible participants took part in the study.

233 patients had penectomy, urethroplasty, and labiaplasty, 202 had skin-lined vaginas. A penoscrotal flap was preferentially used. 207 had neoclitorises created. A sensate clitoris was made with a proximal dorsal triangle of the glans penis maintained on its neurovascular bundle.

It looks like 52% of the women with clitorses were not able to achieve clitoral orgasm, but again it is not clear if they were sexually active.

Surgeries were performed between 2000-2004 at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.

52 trans women participated in the study. It is unclear how they were surveyed, but based on this earlier study, it could have been a combination of a questionnaire and interview.

Follow-up time was a minimum of two years.

75% of eligible participants took part in the study.

The study gives no information on the surgical technique used.

8% did not consider vaginal sex pleasurable, however, only one woman said sexual intercourse was unsatisfactory (2%).

*The exact number of the participants is unclear because this study is one of a pair using the same participants. The other study by de Cuypere et al. did in-depth interviews with 32 trans women while this one focused on testing the sensitivity of the genitals for 30 trans women.