Journal ArticlePublished articles related to CRP

Data from case studies support the fact that apologies from physicians to patients promote reconciliation and forgiveness. To promote a culture that supports apologizing and disclosure, 39 states, including Washington, D.C., are enacting apology policies to decrease the litigation problems surrounding medical malpractice. This article is delves into the implications surrounding the enactment of these laws. The article is divided into four parts. The first part of the article explains why states are passing apology laws and how they can help reduce lawsuits associated with medical malpractice. The second part presents data that supports the effectiveness of apology laws. The third part illustrates how apology laws affect various legal outcomes, especially the probability that medical providers will be presented with litigation fees. The fourth part of the article delves into the legal significance of their results. It is important to note that apology laws do not replace communication-and-resolution programs (CRPs), nor do they mitigate the existing data that these programs are effective in lowering the incidence rates of medical error claims.

Journal ArticlePublished articles related to CRP

Improving how health care providers respond to medical injury requires an understanding of patients’ experiences. Although many injured patients strongly desire to be heard, research rarely involves them. Institutional review boards worry about harming participants by asking them to revisit traumatic events, and hospital staff worry about provoking lawsuits. Institutions’ reluctance to approve this type of research has slowed progress toward responses to injuries that are better able to meet patients’ needs. In 2015-2016, we were able to surmount these challenges and interview 92 injured patients and families in the USA and New Zealand. This article explores whether the ethical and medico-legal concerns are, in fact, well-founded. Consistent with research about trauma-research-related distress, our participants’ accounts indicate that the pervasive fears about retraumatization are unfounded. Our experience also suggests that because being heard is an important (but often unmet) need for injured patients, talking provides psychological benefits and may decrease rather than increase the impetus to sue. Our article makes recommendations to institutional review boards and researchers. The benefits to responsibly conducted research with injured patients outweigh the risks to participants and institutions.

Journal ArticlePublished articles related to CRP

After Patient Ms. W received surgery on the wrong-site in her neck to relieve neck pain, she soon experienced adverse health effects, such as pain, distress, and lack of trust in healthcare providers. Ms. W’s experience illustrates the lack of communication between physicians and patients. The discrepancy is poor physician communication and refusal of apologizing for malpractice is due to fear of litigation. To improve patient-physician communication, health systems are encouraged to implement programs that encourage disclosure among healthcare professionals and trainees to improve overall healthcare quality.

Journal ArticlePublished articles related to CRP

The root causes of medical malpractice claims are deeper and closer to home than most in the medical community care to admit. The University of Michigan Health System’s experience suggests that a response by the medical community more directly aimed at what drives patients to call lawyers would effectively reduce claims, without compromising meritorious defenses. More importantly, honest assessments of medical care give rise to clinical improvements that reduce patient injuries. Using a true case example, this article compares the traditional approach to claims with what is being done at the University of Michigan. The case example illustrates how an honest, principle-driven approach to claims is better for all those involved—the patient, the healthcare providers, the institution, future patients, and even the lawyers.

Journal ArticlePublished articles related to CRP

Incident reporting systems (IRS) are used to identify medical errors in order to learn from mistakes and improve patient safety in hospitals. However, IRS contain only a small fraction of occurring incidents. A more comprehensive overview of medical error in hospitals may be obtained by combining information from multiple sources. The WHO has developed the International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS) in order to enable comparison of incident reports from different sources and institutions. Incident reports collected from IRS, patient complaints and retrospective chart review in an academic acute care hospital were classified using the ICPS. In conclusion, IRS do not capture all incidents in hospitals and should be combined with complementary information about diagnostic error and delayed treatment from patient complaints and retrospective chart review. Since incidents that are not recorded in IRS do not lead to remedial and preventive action in response to IRS reports, healthcare centres that have access to different incident detection methods should harness information from all sources to improve patient safety.

Journal ArticlePublished articles related to CRP

The nature and consequences of patient and family emotional harm stemming from preventable medical error, such as losing a loved one or surviving serious medical injury, is poorly understood. Patients and families, clinicians, social scientists, lawyers, and foundation/policy leaders were brought together to establish research priorities for this issue during a one-day conference. They discussed pertinent issues, patient and family experiences after serious harmful events, including profound isolation, psychological distress, damaging aspects of medical culture, health care aversion, and negative effects on communities. The group also created a strategy for overcoming research barriers and actionable “Do Now” approaches to improve the patient and family experience while research is ongoing.

Tool/ToolkitCRP resource or tool (e.g. CANDOR)

The Roadmap for Patient and Family Engagement in Healthcare Practice and Research was created as a call to action for anyone interested in advancing work related to patient and family engagement. It includes eight change strategies and five simple actions to increase patient and family involvement in the improvement and implementation of extraordinary healthcare.

This article discusses the negative connotations that surround the term “second victim,” which is used to describe healthcare providers following their involvement in a adverse medical incident. Authors of this article persuade people to stop using this term, since it discourages healthcare providers from taking responsibility for their actions, as well as undermines the patient’s feelings and situation.

Journal ArticlePublished articles related to CRP

This article discusses the prevalence of disruptive behavior in the healthcare setting, which is defined as any act that influences a group’s intended outcome. Disruptive behavior often takes the form of angry outbursts and passive aggressive actions, especially in extremely stressful environments, such as emergency rooms. This behavior is often detrimental to the culture of safety and quality healthcare, as well as increases the risk of lawsuits. To combat disruptive behavior, five principles are are offered as guides to promoting professionalism and professional accountability in support of quality team-oriented care, patient safety and, if necessary, legal defense if disruptive colleagues challenge disciplinary interventions.

Web resource/Digital ArticleGeneral website that contains CRP related information, may be non-specific or general or mixed resources on a website. Article published on-line. Not available as paper version.

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is the lead Federal agency charged with improving the safety and quality of America’s health care system. AHRQ develops the knowledge, tools, and data needed to improve the health care system and help Americans, health care professionals, and policymakers make informed health decisions.

Web resource/Digital ArticleGeneral website that contains CRP related information, may be non-specific or general or mixed resources on a website. Article published on-line. Not available as paper version.

Incident reporting is the most common method used to promote patient safety in healthcare settings. This method requires those involved in the event go complete an incident form, which is a detailed summary of the occurrence. There are key components that make incident reporting systems effective and successful. To be successful, the incidence form should be submitted in a timely manner and be disseminated among an array of healthcare professionals.

Web resource/Digital ArticleGeneral website that contains CRP related information, may be non-specific or general or mixed resources on a website. Article published on-line. Not available as paper version.

Advances in Patient Safety: From Research to Implementation describes what federally funded programs have accomplished in understanding medical errors and implementing programs to improve patient safety over the last five years. This compendium is sponsored jointly by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Department of Defense (DoD)-Health Affairs. The 140 articles in the 4-volume set cover a wide range of research paradigms, clinical settings, and patient populations. Where the research is complete, the findings are presented; where the research is still in process, the articles report on its progress. In addition to articles with a research and methodological focus, the compendium includes articles that address implementation issues or present useful tools and products that can be used to improve patient safety.

Tool/ToolkitCRP resource or tool (e.g. CANDOR)

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHQR) developed the CANDOR (Communication and Optimal Resolution) Event Checklist, which is a guide to be used by the CANDOR team after an adverse event occurred in the healthcare setting. The checklist includes effective ways of reporting, assessing, investigating, and analyzing the adverse event to decrease the likelihood of future incidents occurring, as well as improving the overall quality of patient care and safety.

Tool/ToolkitCRP resource or tool (e.g. CANDOR)

The CANDOR Event Review Report Template is a guide used to analyze and investigate barriers that contributed to an adverse health event. Barriers include poor communication behaviors, unsafe physical environment, inadequate care, and equipment device failure. This template also includes a guide to assess who was responsible for the adverse event, and ways to develop solutions for it so it.

Tool/ToolkitCRP resource or tool (e.g. CANDOR)

The Communication and Optimal Resolution (CANDOR) process is used by health care institutions and practitioners to respond in a timely, thorough, and just way when unexpected events cause patient harm. The CANDOR toolkit contains eight different modules, which contain PowerPoint slides with facilitator notes, tools, resources, or videos. Examples of modules include “Care for the Caregiver” and “Organizational Learning and Stability.” These modules focus on effective ways to reduce patient harm and increase overall healthcare quality and safety through family and patient engagement, as well as specific ways to decrease the risk of future adverse outcomes.

Tool/ToolkitCRP resource or tool (e.g. CANDOR)

The Guide to Patient and Family Engagement in Hospital Quality and Safety was developed by the for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) to encourage patient and family involvement in healthcare quality and safety. This guide includes four key methods as follows:

Encourage patients and family members to participate as advisers.

Promote better communication among patients, family members, and health care professionals from the point of admission.

Implement safe continuity of care by keeping the patient and family informed through nurse bedside change-of-shift reports.

Engage patients and families in discharge planning throughout the hospital stay.

Web resource/Digital ArticleGeneral website that contains CRP related information, may be non-specific or general or mixed resources on a website. Article published on-line. Not available as paper version.

VideoCRP related video, movie

“Annie’s Story” is an example of how healthcare organizations seeking high reliability embrace a just culture in all they do. This includes a system’s approach to analyzing near misses and harm events—looking to analyze events without the knee-jerk blame and shame approach of old. This video specifically focused on Nurse Andrea’s personal experience with an adverse health event with a patient who underwent a hypoglycemic emergency due to a misreading of a glucometer. The video then details the steps she and the hospital took to prevent future adverse health events, as well as other ways to increase overall patient safety and quality.

Journal ArticlePublished articles related to CRP

Medical errors are associated with significant emotional, financial, physical and sociobehavioural impacts including reduced trust and willingness to seek healthcare. These impacts can last for years. The study sought to understand whether greater open communication is associated with reduced emotional impacts and decreased avoidance of doctors/facilities involved in the error.

Journal ArticlePublished articles related to CRP

This article explains the challenge of balancing accountability and a “no blame” model in healthcare systems when promoting patient safety. Accountability is defined as taking responsibility for one’s actions. In this article, it is taking responsibility for malpractice that increases patient harm. the “no blame” model is defined as not accusing a single entity for any healthcare misconduct. It is important for healthcare systems to embody both taking responsibility for healthcare malpractices as well as the “no blame” model to effectively promote patient safety and quality and reduce adverse health events.

Web resource/Digital ArticleGeneral website that contains CRP related information, may be non-specific or general or mixed resources on a website. Article published on-line. Not available as paper version.

Web resource/Digital ArticleGeneral website that contains CRP related information, may be non-specific or general or mixed resources on a website. Article published on-line. Not available as paper version.

Resources for clinicians and staff looking for data and information about the importance of support after adverse medical events, or for administrators that are interested in implementing a peer support program at their institution.

Learning CommunityResources associated with CAI Learning Community

Timothy McDonald, MD, JD, discusses factors that can make already difficult conversations with patients and their loved ones after harm events even more challenging and complex and offers recommendations to mitigate these challenges.

Learning CommunityResources associated with CAI Learning Community

Jo Shapiro, MD, FACS, talked about how peer support programs can both help alleviate some negative emotional impact of medical errors on the involved clinicians and in progression towards a culture of psychological safety in organizations.

Learning CommunityResources associated with CAI Learning Community

Presentation/WebinarRecorded webinars and presentations

VideoCRP related video, movie

Communicating with patients and families following unexpected patient harm can be challenging even in optimal conditions; it is a learned skill. Taking into consideration factors such as socio-economic status, religion, cultural preferences, marital status, sexual orientation and gender identity is important to communicating effectively. This webinar covers methods successfully employed by healthcare institutions to recognize, plan for, and communicate effectively in complex situations and with special groups.

Learning CommunityResources associated with CAI Learning Community

Legislation/Regulation/Other legislativeLaws relating to CRP

Presentation/WebinarRecorded webinars and presentations

The COVID-19 pandemic is posing a host of potential medicolegal risks for healthcare providers, institutions, and liability insurers. How should one respond to the patient with behavioral challenges who refuses to comply with social distancing? How do COVID requirements affect consent and surrogate decision-making? What new legal issues are arising with rapid expanding telehealth programs or deploying providers to new care environments such as nursing homes? In what situations should healthcare providers or organizations be provided with immunity for potential adverse events associated with COVID-19 care?

Learning CommunityResources associated with CAI Learning Community

Presentation/WebinarRecorded webinars and presentations

VideoCRP related video, movie

CRPs: Why the insurance industry hasn’t embraced them . . . and why it should presented by Richard Boothman, JD

The driving ideas behind CRPs continue to draw interest and debate, now twenty years after Steve Kraman and Ginny Hamm published their Lexington, KY VA experience with “Extreme Honesty”. After more than 17 years, the University of Michigan continues to draw attention transparent with their “Michigan Model”, the most successful and longest continual example of a principled, and proactive approach to patients injured in unexpected clinical outcomes. After years of balking at abandoning “deny and defend” more health systems around the country and around the world are exploring the transition, but a skeptical insurance industry continues to hold back and sometimes, frustrate the desires of their insureds to move in this direction. Why? Is the industry’s skepticism well-founded and prudent? Or is it missing a valuable opportunity?

Rick Boothman, the architect of the “Michigan Model” will initiate a long-deserved discussion into this topic. His experience suggests that there are multiple insurance advantages in the CRP approach and the insurance industry should rethink old beliefs, practices and prejudices and embrace this model.

Outline

Insurance 101 – a dummy’s guide to the construct

True CRPs – the essential elements and how the model differs from “deny and defend”

What holds the insurance industry back from jumping on board?

What is the insurance industry missing and why should it matter?

Learning Objectives

That too many equate CRPs only with selective, early resolution of potential and asserted claims – what are the essential elements that distinguish a true CRP from established, traditional risk management practices?

What are the unique outcomes of a CRP and why do they matter?

Why a CRP better serves the interests of healthcare insureds?

What unique consequences of a CRP would benefit the insurance industry especially?

Ms. Gocke introduces a comprehensive program and a holistic approach in reducing harm in healthcare through large scale implementation of CRP. In her presentation, she highlights the importance of disclosure and engagement, and she shares real-life challenges and secrets to success.

Learning Objectives:

Outline the method used to engage member sites in culture transformation

Learn how culture measurement, survey data debriefs, and cognitive interviewing techniques are used to inform this body of work

Introduce the five domains and components of BETA HEART

Learning CommunityResources associated with CAI Learning Community

Presentation/WebinarRecorded webinars and presentations

VideoCRP related video, movie

Mitigating the Toll of Medical Errors on Clinicians by Jo Shapiro, MD, FACS

Webinar Date: October 31, 2019

As a clinician, being involved in adverse events can have devastating emotional consequences. How we react to these events – as individuals, colleagues and organizations – has a major effect on our organizational culture of psychological safety, provider wellbeing, disclosure and reporting, and patient safety. Dr. Shapiro’s presentation will detail these effects and address the unique role that frontline physicians can play in supporting one another after adverse events. She will describe the peer support program developed at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and adopted by dozens of healthcare organizations. She will describe the building blocks of a creating and sustaining a peer support program, including providing the participants with the rationale to bring to leadership in advocating for peer support program resources.

Learning Objectives:

Identify the emotional impact of adverse events on clinicians

Recognize the impact this has on a culture of psychological safety, provider wellbeing, disclosure and reporting, and patient safety.

Provide a rationale to leadership for developing a peer support program