OBJECTIVES: To describe the pharmaceutical services offered at the primary care level by Brazil's Sistema Único de Salud (Universal Health Care System). METHODS: The study took place in Londrina, Paraná, in January-March 2003. The World Health Organization's recommended drug use indicators were employed. Included in the study were 13 primary health care facilities in which 390 patients were interviewed. RESULTS: None of the facilities had a pharmacist. The average office visit lasted 8.6 minutes; the mean number of drugs prescribed was 2.2; and injections were given in 10.9%. Generic drugs were prescribed 66.5% of the time and 73% of the prescribed drugs were included in the Lista Municipal de Medicamentos Esenciales (Municipal List of Essential Drugs). Only 46.6% of the patients interviewed reported having the basic instructions required for appropriate use of the drug prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: These results can aid in restructuring the municipality's pharmaceutical services because they underscore the need to improve and to increase rational drug use as a therapeutic resource imperative to supporting health efforts.