I have not yet finished designing the interface for a couple of the operations, but right now i am hung up on trying to return to the beginning. I believe it is because the j was defined inside do and isn't carried out of the do statement for while. How would I be able to fix this?

Thank you James. I do not know how to clean up my formatting. Since I am teaching myself, I just do it so I know how to read it. If you could clarify on how to clean my formatting (where to create new lines, placement of spaces, etc.), that'd be great. Also, why should i use != instead of not_eq? Do they not do the same thing?

Wow I have never seen "not_eq" used ever, I must be living in a cave (credit to Daleth for bringing this to my attention). Still != is much more commonly used. Doesn't help VS doesn't support these by default to my knowledge.

Formatting is a fairly subjective thing people just learn over time with programming, but I would read as much example code as you can and see how other people are doing it.

In general:
Any kind of check should be on it's own line (if/else if statements). This includes do/while statements as well. Personally I like braces to line up directly and be on lines by themselves but you can find 1000 arguments over this if you search around. I always put new lines after variable declarations and stuff like that.

Just as an example I would write the first part of your code like this, but change it to whatever feels right to you/stays easy to read.

Definitely better than it was, I would still include more new lines in your choices between the cout/cin statements etc but that's all just opinion anyway.

if you wanted another thing to work on you could put each choice into a separate function and just call them from main making it more organized. (Assuming you have started on functions, if you haven't you can start now!)

I have not yet started functions. I am unsure what they even do yet. Today will most likely be my first day looking at them and if I have any questions, I will come back to this forum topic to ask you.

After looking at functions, I don't understand how you think it will help organize my program. It will just make my main look much nicer, but I will have just added lines of code to place my already working program into functions that are not needed. I do not see any gain from using functions in this program other than as practice.

1) Anything you do more than once in your code, should be in a function. Consider your prompting for two numbers. You do that in four separate places in your code. Why not call one function that asks the user to enter two numbers? That way, you write the code once rather than 4 times. You only need to debug the function once, rather than four separate times.
A trivial example, but you should get the idea.

2) Code isolation. By creating four separate functions as James2250 suggested, you isolate your logic for each operation. Much less chance of one operation interferring with a different operation.

3) Organization. By creating a function called "add_two_numbers", it's very easy for someone else to follow your program. It's immediately clear what the function does by it's name. Sure, you know what your program does at this point, but as it grows, you don't want to keep cramming everything into main.

As you advance in C++, use of functions will become mandatory, such as with classes.

After you have explained it now, I see the point of it. I had just thought of using it for the organization and not just for having them enter numbers. I feel blind as a bat to have not thought of it that way. Thank you for the explanation.