DSpace Collection:http://hdl.handle.net/2381/76632015-08-02T22:28:22Z2015-08-02T22:28:22ZA Narrative Approach to Women’s LawbreakingFleetwood, Jenniferhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/328102015-07-23T02:00:31Z2015-07-22T16:47:04ZTitle: A Narrative Approach to Women’s Lawbreaking
Authors: Fleetwood, Jennifer
Abstract: This article argues for the value of narrative criminology for feminist explanations of women’s lawbreaking. Contemporary theories note the significance of material gendered inequalities; however, narrative offers a way to include discursive aspects of gender. Drawing on recent developments in narrative criminology, this article analyzes how women may “talk themselves into” lawbreaking. Analysis draws on interviews with three women with diverse experiences in the drug trade and shows how drug trafficking was narrated as impossible, meaningful, and inevitable. A narrative approach therefore offers ways to understand how for some women, under some circumstances, lawbreaking may become meaningful.2015-07-22T16:47:04Z“It Felt Like a Little War”: Reflections on Violence against Alternative SubculturesChakraborti, Neil A.Garland, J.Hardy, Stevie-Jadehttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/321692015-05-21T09:14:25Z2015-05-07T10:19:18ZTitle: “It Felt Like a Little War”: Reflections on Violence against Alternative Subcultures
Authors: Chakraborti, Neil A.; Garland, J.; Hardy, Stevie-Jade
Abstract: This article examines the forms and impact of violence against people identifying as members of
alternative subcultures. It draws upon the findings from interviews and focus groups undertaken
with over 60 participants from a range of alternative subcultural backgrounds, conducted as part of
a broader two-year study of many different strands of targeted hostility. The article presents
evidence to show that ‘alternatives’ are subjected to a wide range of violent and intimidatory
behaviour, from ‘everyday’ abuse such as verbal insults through to more extreme acts of brutality.
This can affect their physical and mental health, causing them to change the way they conduct their
routine activities. However, the article suggests that some of this victimisation forms part of ongoing
conflict with a group that participants describe as ‘chavs’, that has hitherto been unacknowledged.
This ‘little war’ is characterised by mutual hostility and antipathy flavoured by class antagonism that
can escalate into violent confrontation.2015-05-07T10:19:18Z“I’m over it”: survivor narratives after woman-to-woman partner abuseBarnes, Rebeccahttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/320822015-04-30T13:54:38Z2015-04-29T09:11:12ZTitle: “I’m over it”: survivor narratives after woman-to-woman partner abuse
Authors: Barnes, Rebecca
Editors: Hamel, J.
Abstract: This article uses qualitative data gathered through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 40 women in the UK who identified as having experienced abuse (physical, sexual, emotional and/or financial) in a previous same-sex relationship. Participants’ narratives of ‘life after abuse’ are examined through two lenses; the first contributing to understandings of the varied and enduring material, psychological and relational impacts of abuse, and the second offering insights into the cultural values which shape such narratives. Applying Arthur Frank’s (1995) illness narratives, this article argues that narratives emphasizing recovery (‘restitution’) or transformation (‘quest’) are culturally privileged over a ‘chaos’ narrative. It also proposes a fourth narrative of ‘active recovery’. The article concludes that recovery from partner abuse is neither a linear process, nor one guaranteed to reach an end point. Further research is needed to understand how to better support survivors of partner abuse to move toward recovery.2015-04-29T09:11:12ZShorter sentences for drug mules: The early impact of the sentencing guidelines in England and WalesFleetwood, JenniferRadcliffe, P.Stevens, A.http://hdl.handle.net/2381/320102015-04-18T02:00:17Z2015-04-17T08:41:10ZTitle: Shorter sentences for drug mules: The early impact of the sentencing guidelines in England and Wales
Authors: Fleetwood, Jennifer; Radcliffe, P.; Stevens, A.
Abstract: Aims: In February 2012, new sentencing guidelines for drug offences became effective in all courts in England and Wales. An explicit aim was to reduce the length of sentences for drug “mules” and so make them more proportionate. Methods: This article examines their early impact drawing on data from the Court Proceedings Database and the Crown Court Sentencing Survey for importing/exporting a Class A drug. Findings: Overall, the guidelines have achieved their intended aim. The length of the average custodial sentence for drug trafficking fell following the introduction of the guidelines, largely due to taking defendants' roles into account. Notably, three-quarters of those in “lesser” roles received sentences less than four years, representing an important change. Nonetheless, around 10% of mules received very long sentences due to the continued use of drug weight in sentencing. Conclusion: The new guidelines represent an internationally important innovation in drug policy reform.2015-04-17T08:41:10ZThe paradox of the ‘green’ prison: sustaining the environment or sustaining the penal complex?Jewkes, YvonneMoran, D.http://hdl.handle.net/2381/319612015-04-10T02:01:02Z2015-04-09T08:30:32ZTitle: The paradox of the ‘green’ prison: sustaining the environment or sustaining the penal complex?
Authors: Jewkes, Yvonne; Moran, D.
Abstract: This article examines the ways in which sustainability discourses intersect with carceral
policies. Building new prisons to ‘green’ industry standards; making existing prison buildings
less environmentally harmful; incorporating processes such as renewable energy initiatives;
offering ‘green-collar’ work and training to prisoners; and providing ‘green care’ in an effort to
reduce recidivism, are all provided as evidence of ‘green’ strategies that shape the experience of
prisoners, prison staff and the communities in which prisons are located. But although usually
portrayed positively, this article proposes an alternative, potentially more contentious,
interpretation of the green prison. In the context of mounting costs of incarceration, we suggest
that green discourses perversely are fast becoming symbolic and material structures that frame
and support mass imprisonment. Consequently, we argue, it may be the penal complex, rather
than the environment, which is being ‘sustained’. Moreover, we suggest this is a topic worthy of
attention from ‘green criminologists’.2015-04-09T08:30:32ZBetween crime and colony: interrogating (im)mobilities aboard the convict shipPeters, K.Turner, Jennifer E.http://hdl.handle.net/2381/317572015-03-05T02:02:20Z2015-03-04T15:09:07ZTitle: Between crime and colony: interrogating (im)mobilities aboard the convict ship
Authors: Peters, K.; Turner, Jennifer E.
Abstract: Recent literature in carceral geography has attended to the importance of mobilities in
interrogating the experience and control of spaces of imprisonment, detention and
confinement. Scholars have explored the paradoxical nature of incarcerated experience as
individuals oscillate between moments of fixity and motion as they are transported to/from
carceral environments. This paper draws upon the convict ship—an example yet to gain
attention within these emerging discussions—which is both an exemplar of this paradox and
a lens through which to complicate understandings of carceral (im)mobilities. The ship is a
space of macro-movement from point A to B, whilst simultaneously a site of apparent
confinement for those aboard who are unable to move beyond its physical parameters. Yet,
we contend that all manner of mobilities permeate the internal space of the ship. Accordingly,
we challenge the binary thinking that separates moments of fixity from motion and explore
the constituent parts that shape movement. In paying attention to movements in motion on the
ship, we argue that studies of carceral mobility must attend to both methods of moving in the
space between points A and B; as micro, embodied and intimate (im)mobilities are also
played out within large-scale regimes of movement.2015-03-04T15:09:07ZAmateur vs. Professional: Does the recovery of forensic evidence differ depending on who assesses the crime scene?Lingwood, J.Smith, Lisa L.Bond, J. W.http://hdl.handle.net/2381/316792015-02-17T02:01:44Z2015-02-16T16:16:20ZTitle: Amateur vs. Professional: Does the recovery of forensic evidence differ depending on who assesses the crime scene?
Authors: Lingwood, J.; Smith, Lisa L.; Bond, J. W.
Abstract: Volume crime offences such as domestic burglary are commonly assessed for forensic
opportunities by the first attending officer (FAO) who is present at the scene. Conversely,
less serious volume crime offences such as thefts from motor vehicles (TFMV) are highly
numerous and are routinely assessed for forensic opportunities by the victim talking to the
police over the telephone. It is not clear whether or not this difference in attendance policy
leads to differences in the types and quantity of forensic material recovered. The current
study explored whether there was a benefit of evidence recovery for attended as opposed to
non-attended assessments. 500 TFMV offences provided by Northamptonshire Police (UK)
were analysed from 14th January 2010 to the 28th February 2011; 250 attended forensic
assessments and 250 non-attended assessments. Significant differences were found between
the two scenarios, with attended assessments more likely to yield DNA, property and trace
substance material. Conversely, fingerprints were more likely to be recovered at non-attended
assessments. Despite the fruitful findings of the current study, future research would benefit
from establishing the methods of the FAO and forensic investigator when assessing and
gathering evidence. Similarly, it is unclear whether these differences in forensic material are
reflected in the identification of an offender and subsequently the solving of the crime.2015-02-16T16:16:20ZDisplacing Criminal Bodies: Spectacle, Crime and Punishment in the TV Sitcom The VisitTurner, Jennifer E.http://hdl.handle.net/2381/316762015-02-17T02:01:34Z2015-02-16T14:53:56ZTitle: Displacing Criminal Bodies: Spectacle, Crime and Punishment in the TV Sitcom The Visit
Authors: Turner, Jennifer E.
Abstract: This paper explores the transition from ‘visible’ to ‘invisible’ modes of penal punishment
via the shifting spectacle of a heavily disciplined, corporeal incarceration. It is broadly
acknowledged that the emergence of prisons in Britain marked the disappearance of
punishment from the public eye. This paper argues that despite this physical distancing,
concerns over crime and punishment were displaced and translated into other realms
of society. This displacement has continued with the emergence of global media sources,
which deploy landscapes of incarceration as entertainment. In order to ground this
discussion, this paper focuses upon the manner in which television media allows for
a representation of British prisons by drawing upon the recent bbc sitcom The Visit.
By examining the implications of events within the programme, discussion reveals
a careful negotiation of ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ identities and behaviours that, together,
render prisons an essential, visible, if particular and distinct, part of society as a whole
Description: Embargoed awaiting clearance from publisher2015-02-16T14:53:56ZDoing Research Differently: The Case of the Leicester Hate Crime ProjectHardy, Stevie-JadeGarland, J.Chakraborti, Neilhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/316742015-02-17T02:01:49Z2015-02-16T13:23:40ZTitle: Doing Research Differently: The Case of the Leicester Hate Crime Project
Authors: Hardy, Stevie-Jade; Garland, J.; Chakraborti, Neil
Abstract: [From introductory paragraph] For the past two years the Leicester Hate Crime Project has been conducting groundbreaking
research into the nature and impact of hate crime. Funded by the Economic and Social Research
Council, this research – Britain’s biggest ever study of hate crime victimisation – has uncovered new
and significant insights into the effects of targeted violence and harassment upon victims, families
and wider communities. This article provides a brief overview of the project with a particular focus
on the methodological challenges the research team faced, and how we overcame these by using
more informal and unorthodox methods of engagement with so-called ‘hard to reach’ communities.
Description: Embargoed awaiting permissions from publisher2015-02-16T13:23:40ZThe presentation of police in everyday life: Police-press relations, impression management and the Leveson InquiryMawby, Robert I.http://hdl.handle.net/2381/316032015-02-05T02:01:34Z2015-02-04T16:59:06ZTitle: The presentation of police in everyday life: Police-press relations, impression management and the Leveson Inquiry
Authors: Mawby, Robert I.
Abstract: In 2012 the Leveson Inquiry investigated relations between the police and the press, examining the routine systems and processes of police-press relations in the UK and, more specifically, the conduct of senior Metropolitan Police Service officers during an investigation into phone-hacking (Operation Caryatid). The Inquiry is notable in that it shone a light on a normally hidden policing function; it brought the backstage processes of police-media relations, part of police ‘image work’, to the frontstage area. This article considers the Leveson Inquiry and the data it collected as a case study of police impression management - it examines how the police sought to manage impressions about how they manage impressions. It takes a dramaturgical approach drawing on the work of Erving Goffman and Peter K Manning, combined with impression management concepts drawn from management and organisational studies. The article concludes that the identified impression management tactics used by different police ‘teams’ combined to protect the collective police image and to reinforce, for the present, the dominant position of the police in their relationship with the press.2015-02-04T16:59:06ZIntroduction: Criminality and Carcerality Across BoundariesTurner, J.http://hdl.handle.net/2381/315532015-02-03T02:01:45Z2015-02-02T15:39:48ZTitle: Introduction: Criminality and Carcerality Across Boundaries
Authors: Turner, J.
Abstract: [From initial paragraph] For the last 5 years, most of the conference papers I have
presented or articles I have written have begun with the
usual obligatory introduction to the “newly emerging” subdiscipline
of carceral geography. That is, of course, research
“specifically alighting on the spaces set aside for ‘securing’
– detaining, locking up/away – problematic populations
of one kind or another” (Philo, 2012:4). However, to paraphrase
a colleague participating in one of three sessions entitled
“Mapping Carceral Geography” at the 2014 Royal Geographical
Society of the Institute of British Geographers, “we
do not need to keep saying this anymore; we have definitely
emerged”. This got me to thinking about the politics of emergent
or indeed “recently emerged” areas of a discipline and
their propensity to continue their momentum to become both
prolific in their own right and sustain academic longevity. In
short, what does a newly emerged discipline do next?2015-02-02T15:39:48ZRe-Thinking Hate Crime : Fresh Challenges for Policy and Practice.Chakraborti, Neil A.http://hdl.handle.net/2381/314662015-01-22T02:01:45Z2015-01-21T15:56:57ZTitle: Re-Thinking Hate Crime : Fresh Challenges for Policy and Practice.
Authors: Chakraborti, Neil A.
Abstract: Hate crime has become an increasingly familiar term in recent times as the harms associated with acts of bigotry and prejudice continue to pose complex challenges for societies across the world. However, despite the greater recognition now afforded to hate crimes by scholars, policy makers and law enforcers, uncertainty continues to cloud the scope and legitimacy of existing policy frameworks. This article draws from an emerging body of inter-disciplinary scholarship and empirical research to highlight a series of important realities about hate crime victimization and perpetration that tend to remain peripheral to the process of policy formation. It suggests that the focus on particular strands of victims and particular sets of motivations has overshadowed a range of significant issues, including the experiences of "marginal" groups of victims, and the way in which identity characteristics intersect with one another-and with other situational factors and context-to leave some targets of hate crime especially vulnerable. The article calls for a more fluid and multi-layered approach to policy formation, which engages with these realities, and which maximizes the real-life value of hate crime discourse.2015-01-21T15:56:57ZFixed-term and temporary : teaching fellows, tactics and the negotiation of contingent labour in the UK Higher Education systemPeters, K. A.Turner, Jennifer Elizabethhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/291482014-10-09T01:01:28Z2014-10-08T15:54:36ZTitle: Fixed-term and temporary : teaching fellows, tactics and the negotiation of contingent labour in the UK Higher Education system
Authors: Peters, K. A.; Turner, Jennifer Elizabeth
Abstract: This paper autobiographically considers the role of teaching-only staff as a contingent labour force in the contemporary Higher Education system in the UK. The aims of this paper are twofold. First, whilst much attention has been paid to the role of the research fellow, there has been less consideration, in the UK context, of the Teaching Fellow as an alternate form of postdoctoral experience. Accordingly, this paper gives voice to the Teaching Fellow – a member of academic staff who is not allocated writing and research time as part of their contract – whose views are often marginalised in on-going debates concerning the plays of power in the neo-liberalised academy. Second, the paper raises these voices to bring into consciousness the impacts of Teaching Fellow experience for the Fellow themselves and the faculties they work in. It is argued that Teaching Fellows face challenging circumstances in view of their onwards career trajectories in the academy. Accordingly, this paper considers the ways in which Fellows, through tactics of place making, presence and visibility, and collaboration, negotiate the challenging structural and institutional conditions that underscore their contracts. It is contended that exploring the teaching-only workforce is vital for critically assessing the workings of the contemporary academy and questioning the unequal power relations that underscore work places in a culture where contingent labour is expanding; becoming less of a fixed-term and temporary feature of the university system, but rather a stable and enduring one.
Description: The file associated with this record is embargoed until 12 months after the date of publication. The final published version may be available through the links above.2014-10-08T15:54:36ZIntroduction. Between absence and presence : geographies of hiding, invisibility and silenceDafydd Jones, RhysRobinson, JamesTurner, Jennifer Elizabethhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/291292014-10-02T01:01:29Z2014-10-01T10:49:21ZTitle: Introduction. Between absence and presence : geographies of hiding, invisibility and silence
Authors: Dafydd Jones, Rhys; Robinson, James; Turner, Jennifer Elizabeth
Abstract: In both capital-P Politics, such as spectacular world events, and the ‘little-p’ politics
of everyday practices, absence and presence have been and continue to be particularly
potent political tools, utilised to reinforce particular power relations,
narratives and control over space. Absence, for example, has a long association
of denying others’ claim to spaces, places and participation. Whether excluding
particular ethnic groups from certain residential areas (Anderson, 1987), young
people from shopping centres at particular times (Staeheli and Mitchell, 2008)
or homeless people from urban regeneration sites (Katz, 2001), making absent
has been used as a stratagem of control that removes dissenting views and experiences
from particular time/places. In short, it demarcates territory where acts,
people and ideas cannot belong. Similarly, the opposing part of the binary, presence,
has traditionally been used to emphasise deviance. Schivelbusch (1995)
has shown how, in the development of the modern metropolises of London,
Paris and Berlin, artificial illumination was used as a means to give ‘presence’
to misdemeanours and criminal acts which were previously concealed by
shadowy and darkened spaces. For Foucault (1977), the body of the condemned
served as a warning to others of the consequences of their transgressions, creating
a ‘spectacle of suffering’ (Spierenburg, 1984). In both these cases, fixing unwanted
attention on the body was a way of installing discipline both to the perpetrator
and to the gazer. Both absence and presence, in this sense, have been used as
methods of social control; through a mixture of writing-out and constructing a
spectacle, they denote what belongs where and when: what is in place, and
what is out of place (Cresswell, 1996). [Opening paragraph]2014-10-01T10:49:21ZCriminals with ‘community spirit’ : practising citizenship in the hidden world of the prisonTurner, Jennifer Elizabethhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/291282014-10-02T01:01:29Z2014-10-01T10:38:00ZTitle: Criminals with ‘community spirit’ : practising citizenship in the hidden world of the prison
Authors: Turner, Jennifer Elizabeth
Abstract: Contra the notion of prisons as discrete, ‘hidden’ spaces, contemporary research has stressed a range of connections, transactions and exchange. The relationship between the offender and the outside communities—captured in the policy rhetoric of rehabilitation and the promotion of good citizenship—is just one of these connections. This paper explores contemporary, liberal imaginations of the ‘ideal’ citizen; it goes on to critique formal rehabilitation programmes and highlight informal mechanisms developed within the prison environment which disrupt these constructions. Ultimately, this allows a deeper appreciation of how, despite attempts to practise citizenship in an environment that renders conventional rights and responsibilities absent, the prisoner remains altogether ‘less than ideal’.2014-10-01T10:38:00ZRe-‘homing’ the ex-offender : constructing a ‘prisoner dyspora'Turner, Jennifer Elizabethhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/291272014-10-02T01:01:28Z2014-10-01T10:22:11ZTitle: Re-‘homing’ the ex-offender : constructing a ‘prisoner dyspora'
Authors: Turner, Jennifer Elizabeth
Abstract: Recent work within and beyond the geography discipline has come to understand that where might be imagined a sharp boundary between the ‘hidden’ inside and outside of prisons, there is in fact a myriad of materials that cleave and bind penal geographies that mark the prison wall as a site of transaction and exchange. Recidivism in the UK is of serious concern, rendering the ‘prisoner’ a participant of a very unique and dynamic type of border exchange. In light of this, this paper questions how this impacts prisoners' identities and attachments to ‘home’. Although ex-offenders may idealise a return to the communities where they lived prior to incarceration, the ability to re-integrate is often limited. This may be attributed to the transformations that individuals undergo while spending time in prison, such as the possession of a criminal record. In grounding this discussion in the case of a company that employs ‘ex-offenders’, I examine the implications of belonging to such a group of ‘conventional employees’ and ‘those with criminal records’; revealing tensions that complicate matters of belonging. This paper therefore posits the prison as a kind of ‘homeland’ that continues to significantly shape one's identity following their out-migration. Those leaving prison find themselves unable to display conventional attachments to the outside society, while performing a dystopian relationship with the prison homeland, allowing for a consideration of what I have termed the ‘prisoner dyspora’.
Description: The file associated with this record is embargoed until 24 months after the date of publication. The final published version may be available through the links above.2014-10-01T10:22:11ZImpact for postgraduates : in search of the holy grail?Turner, Jennifer Elizabethhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/291262014-10-01T01:01:30Z2014-09-30T14:20:11ZTitle: Impact for postgraduates : in search of the holy grail?
Authors: Turner, Jennifer Elizabeth
Abstract: As has already been highlighted in the introduction to
this themed issue on
‘impact’ (see Rogers et al., this issue),
the recent ‘impact agenda’ has been engaged
with
in a variety of critical ways through the UK Research Excellence Framework
(REF). As a doctoral student, the word ‘impact’ is a constant demand
on everyday
academic life, owing to the pressure to consider it in terms of funding, publishing
and future career. In the following I offer a consideration of the ways early
-
career
geographers understand and engage with the institutional demands upon their
research, in order for them
to
compete with their more experienced counterparts in
an environment that is expecting ever more.2014-09-30T14:20:11ZEmotional work: ethnographic fieldwork in prisons in EcuadorFleetwood, Jennifer Swansonhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/282872013-10-15T11:50:51Z2013-10-15T11:49:28ZTitle: Emotional work: ethnographic fieldwork in prisons in Ecuador
Authors: Fleetwood, Jennifer Swanson
Abstract: Prolonged periods collecting data alone and away from home are established aspects of doctoral research. Where we seek to engage with people and place, both physically and intellectually, emotional engagement frequently follows. Recently, there has been a heightened awareness of the role of emotions in research. In this paper I offer an 'anatomy' of emotions in my doctoral field research on women in the international drugs trade in prisons in Ecuador. Drawing on fieldnotes, I examine how emotional engagement with prisons and inmates affected me personally and emotionally. In particular, I will examine how conducting research in a 'hidden' community with a stigmatised population affected me. I will also consider how, as a PhD student, I brought emotional needs to the field that affected how I understood my emotions in (and in reaction to) the field that I worked. I conclude that whilst emotional engagement may be a useful (and perhaps unavoidable) aspect of ethnographic research, gaining emotional distance remains an important tool in ethnographic research.
Description: The file associated with this record is embargoed while permission to archive is sought from the publisher. The final published version may be available through the links above.2013-10-15T11:49:28ZSexually deviant juveniles: comparisons between the offender and offence characteristics of ‘child abusers’ and ‘peer abusers’Gunby, ClareWoodhams, Jessicahttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/281562013-09-10T14:36:51Z2013-09-10T14:35:27ZTitle: Sexually deviant juveniles: comparisons between the offender and offence characteristics of ‘child abusers’ and ‘peer abusers’
Authors: Gunby, Clare; Woodhams, Jessica
Abstract: The last decade has seen increased concern regarding the sexual offences committed by young people. In line with this concern is an interest in developing an empirical research base that can help identify typologies of juvenile sex offenders and, in turn, direct resources. The current study investigated whether youths who sexually offend against children (individuals at least 5 years younger than themselves) differ in terms of offender and offence variables from juveniles who sexually assault members of their peer group. Findings were developed from data extracted from 43 files held by local Youth Offending Teams. Perpetrators of abuse were all male and were aged from 10 to 17 years. Findings indicated that juvenile child abusers experienced greater deficits in self-esteem and social isolation. In contrast, peer abusers had witnessed family violence more frequently and had family members associated with criminal activity more often. Logistic regression analysis found the variables of ‘knowing the victim’, ‘lacking age appropriate friends’, and ‘having been the victim of bullying’ all reliably predicted offender status (child vs peer). Findings suggest different typologies of juvenile sex offenders may have different routes to abusive behaviour and therefore require interventions that are tailored to their criminogenic needs.
Description: Full text of this item is not currently available on the LRA. The final published version may be available through the links above.2013-09-10T14:35:27ZGender differences in alcohol-related non-consensual sex; cross-sectional analysis of a student populationGunby, ClareCarline, AnnaBellis, Mark A.Beynon, Carylhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/281552013-09-11T01:01:48Z2013-09-10T14:24:18ZTitle: Gender differences in alcohol-related non-consensual sex; cross-sectional analysis of a student population
Authors: Gunby, Clare; Carline, Anna; Bellis, Mark A.; Beynon, Caryl
Abstract: Background: Sexual offences are a global public health concern. Recent changes in the law in England and Wales have dramatically altered the legal landscape of sexual offences, but sexual assaults where the victim is voluntarily intoxicated by alcohol continue to have low conviction rates. Worldwide, students are high consumers of alcohol.
This research aimed to compare male and female students in relation to their knowledge and attitudes about alcohol and sexual activity and to identify factors associated with being the victim of alcohol-related non-consensual sex.
Methods: 1,110 students completed an online questionnaire. Drinking levels were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Non-consensual sexual experiences were measured using the Sexual Experience Survey. Univariate and multivariate analyses were undertaken using chi square and backwards stepwise logistic regression respectively.
Results: A third of respondents had experienced alcohol-related non-consensual sex. Male and female students differed in the importance they gave to cues in deciding if a person wished to have sex with them and their understanding of the law of consent. 82.2% of women who had experienced alcohol-related non-consensual sex were hazardous drinkers compared to 62.9% who drank at lower levels (P < 0.001). Differences existed between men and women, and between those who had and had not experienced alcohol-related non-consensual sex, in relation to assessments of culpability in scenarios depicting alcohol-related intercourse. A third of respondents believed that a significant proportion of rapes were false allegations; significantly more men than women responded in this way.
Conclusions: Alcohol-related coerced sexual activity is a significant occurrence among students; attitudinal and knowledge differences between males and females may explain this. Educational messages that focus upon what is deemed acceptable sexual behaviour, the law and rape myths are needed but are set against a backdrop where drunkenness is commonplace.2013-09-10T14:24:18ZRegretting it After? Focus Group Perspectives on Alcohol Consumption, Nonconsensual Sex and False Allegations of RapeGunby, ClareCarline, AnnaBeynon, Carylhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/280702013-07-22T14:01:31Z2013-07-17T14:38:40ZTitle: Regretting it After? Focus Group Perspectives on Alcohol Consumption, Nonconsensual Sex and False Allegations of Rape
Authors: Gunby, Clare; Carline, Anna; Beynon, Caryl
Abstract: Research indicates that individuals often endorse beliefs that false allegations in rape cases are commonplace and are also reluctant to believe a woman who states she was raped whilst drinking alcohol. On this basis, it can be hypothesised that people are increasingly likely to believe that false allegations occur more often when the complainant has been drinking. In order to examine the ways in which alcohol intoxication and false allegations of rape intertwine, this article critically examines the findings of four focus groups which were based around a vignette in which sex takes place between intoxicated individuals and consent is disputed. The article examines participants’ personal beliefs around three major themes: ‘not quite rape’; false allegations of rape; and voluntary intoxication and intercourse. Although participants acknowledged that sexual intercourse when drunk to the point of incapacity may amount to an unpleasant experience, it was held to constitute something distinctly different to rape. Participants also argued that it would be unfair to hold a defendant criminally liable for intercourse when parties were equally drunk and that alcohol-involved consensual sex may be reclassified as rape the next morning in order to rationalise regretted drunken behaviour.
Description: Full text of this item is not currently available on the LRA. The final published version may be available through the links above.2013-07-17T14:38:40ZAlcohol-related Rape Cases: Barristers’ Perspectives on the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and Its Impact on PracticeGunby, ClareCarline, AnnaBeynon, Carylhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/280692013-07-18T01:01:49Z2013-07-17T12:16:26ZTitle: Alcohol-related Rape Cases: Barristers’ Perspectives on the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and Its Impact on Practice
Authors: Gunby, Clare; Carline, Anna; Beynon, Caryl
Abstract: This article discusses the findings of a qualitative study which interviewed 14 barristers about the law-in-action reality of rape cases involving alcohol intoxication. The study aimed to identify how a number of provisions introduced by the Sexual Offences Act 2003 were perceived by barristers, worked in practice and their overall impact in terms of improving the law of rape and specifically, alcohol-involved rape. The article focuses on barristers’ opinions relating to the definition of consent as contained in s. 74; the ‘consent presumptions’, with specific emphasis on s. 75(2)(f); the jurors’ perceived response to jury directions and definitions; and barristers’ opinions on the need for future reforms in this area. It is argued that certain provisions introduced by the 2003 Act are not always utilised in a way that was intended, have been interpreted and applied narrowly and, in a number of instances, fail to assist the jury.2013-07-17T12:16:26Z“How an Ordinary Jury Makes Sense of it is a Mystery”: Barristers’ Perspectives on Rape, Consent and the Sexual Offences Act 2003Carline, AnnaGunby, Clarehttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/280682013-07-22T14:00:38Z2013-07-17T12:00:25ZTitle: “How an Ordinary Jury Makes Sense of it is a Mystery”: Barristers’ Perspectives on Rape, Consent and the Sexual Offences Act 2003
Authors: Carline, Anna; Gunby, Clare
Abstract: The Sexual Offences Act 2003 introduced significant reforms to the offence of rape, amid concerns regarding the low reporting and conviction rates for rape. One of the key aims of the Act was to improve the law relating to consent, in order to assist a jury in their decision making process. In addition, disquiet had been expressed with regards to the subjective nature of the mens rea of rape. Consequently, the 2003 Act reformulated the law so as to introduce an objective test. This article discusses the findings of a qualitative research project undertaken with 14 Barristers in the North West of England, in order to investigate counsels’ opinions regarding the 2003 reforms. Drawing upon data collected from semi-structured interviews, the article examines barristers’ perspectives with regards to the definition of consent, the ‘consent presumptions’, and the reformulated mens rea. In conclusion, it will be argued that while the barristers were not overly optimistic about the reforms introduced by the 2003 Act, they were also opposed to further reform to the substantive law and increased jury directions. Barristers argued that the law relating to rape should remain as simple as possible.
Description: Full text of this item is not currently available on the LRA. The final published version may be available through the links above.2013-07-17T12:00:25ZThe Choice Structuring Properties of Security Consumption: an exploratory study of Security Consumption Culture within Small ShopsHopkins, MattFox, Ginahttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/280002015-01-22T02:45:04Z2013-06-21T11:41:17ZTitle: The Choice Structuring Properties of Security Consumption: an exploratory study of Security Consumption Culture within Small Shops
Authors: Hopkins, Matt; Fox, Gina
Abstract: Using Manunta’s and Manunta’s (2006) theory of the security process and the concept of choice structuring properties as heuristic devices, this paper develops a conceptual framework designed to aid our understanding of the factors that drive security consumption within the context of small shops. The conceptual framework is developed through a number of exploratory interviews with the owners of convenience stores. These suggest a security consumption culture exists that is generated by a desire to protect businesses from crime threats and a sense of isolation from local criminal justice agencies. A self-protection mentality and functional form of worry is observed that creates demand for security, but decisions to purchase specific security objects are dictated by choice structuring properties focused around subjective anxieties about crime events, the extent security devices are seen to offer reassurance and financial constraints. Of course, these findings are (at best) tentative but help to set an agenda for further research in this area.
Description: This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Security Journal. The definitive publisher-authenticated version [Security Journal, 2013, in press] is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/sj.2013.28.2013-06-21T11:41:17ZProviding for women offenders: the risks of adopting a payment by results approachGelsthorpe, LoraineHedderman, Carolhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/277822013-12-01T02:45:10Z2013-03-08T14:37:40ZTitle: Providing for women offenders: the risks of adopting a payment by results approach
Authors: Gelsthorpe, Loraine; Hedderman, Carol
Abstract: While the evidence base for what works with male offenders is imperfect, that for women is even more limited. This reflects the general tendency in penal policy and practice and in criminological research to neglect women who offend either because it is assumed that what works for men will work for women, or because their small numbers lead to women being ignored entirely. In this article, the emerging evidence on women is reviewed in order to consider what we now know about women’s needs and about best practice in responding to those needs. The extent to which this evidence provides a sufficiently robust and definitive base for the development of a criminal justice ’market’ is then considered in relation to the four main potential benefits claimed for a payment by results approach: greater efficiency; greater innovation; reduced cost; and a broader range of services. The results suggest that a number of important challenges may stand in the way of such benefits being realized in practice in relation to promoting and sustaining community based services for women. These include: defining, estimating and measuring impact; achieving a level of change which is sufficient to attract suppliers; and an inability to value outcomes and to identify and allocate benefits.2013-03-08T14:37:40ZWhy Are Arson Detection Rates so Low? A Study of the Factors that Promote and Inhibit the Detection of ArsonHopkins, Matthttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/275652012-11-01T02:01:34Z2012-10-31T14:27:31ZTitle: Why Are Arson Detection Rates so Low? A Study of the Factors that Promote and Inhibit the Detection of Arson
Authors: Hopkins, Matt
Abstract: The national detection rate for arson is very low when compared to that for most other offence types. This paper explores why this is the case. It begins by examining the way arson is identified and recorded, and highlights the large mismatch between the numbers of deliberate fires recorded by fire and rescue services and the number of arson cases recorded by the police. It then turns to the issue of detection rates for those incidents identified as arson. Here, particular attention is given to a study that tracked 240 investigations across six police BCU areas. Analysis is conducted by using a framework based upon considering how the nature of cases, police activities, regimes and resources impact upon detections. Finally, a number of concluding comments are made.
Description: This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Policing following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version Policing (2009) 3 (1): 78-88 is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pan069.2012-10-31T14:27:31ZIdentifying and measuring juror pre-trial bias for forensic evidence: Development and validation of the Forensic Evidence Evaluation Bias ScaleSmith, LLBull, Rhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/263602012-10-24T09:21:38Z2012-10-24T09:21:38ZTitle: Identifying and measuring juror pre-trial bias for forensic evidence: Development and validation of the Forensic Evidence Evaluation Bias Scale
Authors: Smith, LL; Bull, R2012-10-24T09:21:38ZThe importance of visual situational cues and difficulty of removal in creating deterrence: The limitations of electronic article surveillance source tagging in the retail environmentBeck, APalmer, Whttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/215542012-10-24T09:10:13Z2012-10-24T09:10:13ZTitle: The importance of visual situational cues and difficulty of removal in creating deterrence: The limitations of electronic article surveillance source tagging in the retail environment
Authors: Beck, A; Palmer, W2012-10-24T09:10:13ZWhy are boys more likely to be referred to juvenile court? Gender differences in official and self-reported delinquencyFarrington, DPJolliffe, DHawkins, JDCatalano, RFHill, KGKosterman, Rhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/215382012-10-24T09:10:12Z2012-10-24T09:10:12ZTitle: Why are boys more likely to be referred to juvenile court? Gender differences in official and self-reported delinquency
Authors: Farrington, DP; Jolliffe, D; Hawkins, JD; Catalano, RF; Hill, KG; Kosterman, R2012-10-24T09:10:12ZHow many offenses are really committed per juvenile court offender?Farrington, DPJolliffe, DLoeber, RHomish, LDhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/215062012-10-24T09:10:11Z2012-10-24T09:10:11ZTitle: How many offenses are really committed per juvenile court offender?
Authors: Farrington, DP; Jolliffe, D; Loeber, R; Homish, LD2012-10-24T09:10:11ZWar minus the shooting?: Jingoism, the English press, and Euro 96Garland, JRowe, Mhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/214962012-10-24T09:10:10Z2012-10-24T09:10:10ZTitle: War minus the shooting?: Jingoism, the English press, and Euro 96
Authors: Garland, J; Rowe, M2012-10-24T09:10:10ZThe same old story? Englishness, the tabloid press and the 2002 Football World CupGarland, Jhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/214952012-10-24T09:10:10Z2012-10-24T09:10:10ZTitle: The same old story? Englishness, the tabloid press and the 2002 Football World Cup
Authors: Garland, J2012-10-24T09:10:10ZPolicing racism at football matches: An assessment of recent developments in police strategiesGarland, JRowe, Mhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/214412012-10-24T09:10:08Z2012-10-24T09:10:08ZTitle: Policing racism at football matches: An assessment of recent developments in police strategies
Authors: Garland, J; Rowe, M2012-10-24T09:10:08ZDECISION-MAKING IN COURT - OBSERVING THE SENTENCING OF MEN AND WOMENHEDDERMAN, Chttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/214432012-10-24T09:10:08Z2012-10-24T09:10:08ZTitle: DECISION-MAKING IN COURT - OBSERVING THE SENTENCING OF MEN AND WOMEN
Authors: HEDDERMAN, C2012-10-24T09:10:08ZCompulsion by stealth: Lesson from the European Union on the use of national identity cardsBeck, ABroadhurst, Khttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/213672012-10-24T09:10:04Z2012-10-24T09:10:04ZTitle: Compulsion by stealth: Lesson from the European Union on the use of national identity cards
Authors: Beck, A; Broadhurst, K2012-10-24T09:10:04ZWomen militia officers in Ukraine: Exploring their experiences in a post-Soviet policing organisationBeck, ATatarenko, ABarko, Vhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/213562012-10-24T09:10:04Z2012-10-24T09:10:04ZTitle: Women militia officers in Ukraine: Exploring their experiences in a post-Soviet policing organisation
Authors: Beck, A; Tatarenko, A; Barko, V2012-10-24T09:10:04ZAttitudes to corruption amongst Russian police officers and traineesBeck, ALee, Rhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/213422012-10-24T09:10:03Z2012-10-24T09:10:03ZTitle: Attitudes to corruption amongst Russian police officers and trainees
Authors: Beck, A; Lee, R2012-10-24T09:10:03ZUnhappy dialogue: The metropolitan police and black Londoners in postwar Britain.Garland, Jhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/212712012-10-24T09:09:57Z2012-10-24T09:09:57ZTitle: Unhappy dialogue: The metropolitan police and black Londoners in postwar Britain.
Authors: Garland, J2012-10-24T09:09:57ZUnder-researched and overlooked: An exploration of the attitudes of rural minority ethnic communities towards crime, community safety and the criminal justice systemChakraborti, NGarland, Jhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/212222012-10-24T09:09:55Z2012-10-24T09:09:55ZTitle: Under-researched and overlooked: An exploration of the attitudes of rural minority ethnic communities towards crime, community safety and the criminal justice system
Authors: Chakraborti, N; Garland, J2012-10-24T09:09:55ZTackling anti-social behaviour: Lessons from new labour for the coalition governmentHodgkinson, STilley, Nhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/212272012-10-24T09:09:55Z2012-10-24T09:09:55ZTitle: Tackling anti-social behaviour: Lessons from new labour for the coalition government
Authors: Hodgkinson, S; Tilley, N2012-10-24T09:09:55ZExamining the relationship between low empathy and self-reported offendingJolliffe, DFarrington, DPJolliffe, Dhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/211842012-10-24T09:09:50Z2012-10-24T09:09:50ZTitle: Examining the relationship between low empathy and self-reported offending
Authors: Jolliffe, D; Farrington, DP; Jolliffe, D2012-10-24T09:09:50ZSelf-scan checkouts and retail loss: Understanding the risk and minimising the threatBeck, Ahttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/211622012-10-24T09:09:49Z2012-10-24T09:09:49ZTitle: Self-scan checkouts and retail loss: Understanding the risk and minimising the threat
Authors: Beck, A2012-10-24T09:09:49ZPredictive, concurrent, prospective and retrospective validity of self-reported delinquencyJolliffe, DFarrington, DPHawkins, JDCatalano, RFHill, KGKosterman, RFarrington, DPhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/211482012-10-24T09:09:48Z2012-10-24T09:09:48ZTitle: Predictive, concurrent, prospective and retrospective validity of self-reported delinquency
Authors: Jolliffe, D; Farrington, DP; Hawkins, JD; Catalano, RF; Hill, KG; Kosterman, R; Farrington, DP2012-10-24T09:09:48ZIs low empathy related to bullying after controlling for individual and social background variables?Jolliffe, DFarrington, DPhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/211542012-10-24T09:09:48Z2012-10-24T09:09:48ZTitle: Is low empathy related to bullying after controlling for individual and social background variables?
Authors: Jolliffe, D; Farrington, DP
Abstract: This paper examines the relationship between low empathy and bullying while also controlling for the impact of a number of other individual and social background variables linked with bullying. This included the relationship to the prevalence of bullying, but also to the frequency and type of bullying. Questionnaires were completed by 720 adolescents (344 females, 376 males) aged 13-17 in three secondary schools in England. The results suggested that low affective empathy was independently related to bullying by males, but not females. There was no evidence that low cognitive empathy was independently related to bullying, but high impulsivity was related to all forms of male bullying and to female bullying. The implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed.2012-10-24T09:09:48ZThe concentration of offenders in families, and family criminality in the prediction of boys' delinquency.Farrington, DPJolliffe, DLoeber, RStouthamer-Loeber, MKalb, LMhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/211432012-10-24T09:09:47Z2012-10-24T09:09:47ZTitle: The concentration of offenders in families, and family criminality in the prediction of boys' delinquency.
Authors: Farrington, DP; Jolliffe, D; Loeber, R; Stouthamer-Loeber, M; Kalb, LM
Abstract: The main aims of this study were to investigate inter-relationships among offending by three generations of relatives (fathers, mothers, sons, daughters, uncles, aunts, grandfathers and grandmothers) and the concentration of offending in families. This study also investigates how far criminal relatives predict a boy's delinquency. The parents of 1395 Pittsburgh boys aged 8, 11 or 14 reported arrests by all relatives. Parent reports of boys' arrests predicted their later referrals to juvenile court, demonstrating predictive validity. Offenders were highly concentrated in families; if one relative had been arrested, there was a high likelihood that another relative had also been arrested. Arrests of relatives were compared with arrests of the boy, court petitions of the boy, and the boy's reported delinquency (according to the parent, boy and teacher). Arrests of brothers, sisters, fathers, mothers, uncles, aunts, grandfathers and grandmothers all predicted the boy's delinquency. The most important relative was the father; arrests of the father predicted the boy's delinquency independently of all other arrested relatives. Studies of explanatory variables suggested that having a young mother, living in a bad neighbourhood, and low guilt of the boy may be links in the causal chain between arrested fathers and delinquent boys.2012-10-24T09:09:47ZMen behind bars: "Doing" masculinity as an adaptation to imprisonmentJewkes, YJewkes, Yhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/208432012-10-24T09:09:01Z2012-10-24T09:09:01ZTitle: Men behind bars: "Doing" masculinity as an adaptation to imprisonment
Authors: Jewkes, Y; Jewkes, Y2012-10-24T09:09:01ZIt's the image that matters: Style, substance and critical scholarshipGreer, CFerrell, JJewkes, Yhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/208482012-10-24T09:09:01Z2012-10-24T09:09:01ZTitle: It's the image that matters: Style, substance and critical scholarship
Authors: Greer, C; Ferrell, J; Jewkes, Y2012-10-24T09:09:01ZBorders breached, conventional claims questionedJewkes, YGreer, CFerrell, Jhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/208502012-10-24T09:09:01Z2012-10-24T09:09:01ZTitle: Borders breached, conventional claims questioned
Authors: Jewkes, Y; Greer, C; Ferrell, J2012-10-24T09:09:01ZInvestigating the crisis of the presentGreer, CFerrell, JFerrell, JJewkes, Yhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/208102012-10-24T09:09:00Z2012-10-24T09:09:00ZTitle: Investigating the crisis of the present
Authors: Greer, C; Ferrell, J; Ferrell, J; Jewkes, Y2012-10-24T09:09:00ZTHE POLITICS OF IMPRISONMENT: HOW THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS SHAPES THE WAY AMERICA PUNISHES OFFENDERSJewkes, Yhttp://hdl.handle.net/2381/208082012-10-24T09:08:59Z2012-10-24T09:08:59ZTitle: THE POLITICS OF IMPRISONMENT: HOW THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS SHAPES THE WAY AMERICA PUNISHES OFFENDERS
Authors: Jewkes, Y2012-10-24T09:08:59Z