Trees, waves and linkages: models of language diversification

Description

The number of languages spoken in the planet has oscillated up and down throughout the history of mankind. Because no natural language appears ex nihilo, one has to explain how new languages emerge out of older ones. Some result historically from the encounter of two populations who were driven, under very special conditions, to combine elements of their respective languages and create a new one. Yet this pattern, whereby a language is born of two parents, is not the typical scenario. New...[Show more] languages also commonly arise from the internal diversification of a single language as it evolves into separate daughter languages over time, following processes where external input does not necessarily play the central role. This phenomenon of internal diversification is the object of the present chapter.