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IceCube Neutrino Observatory Detects Mysterious High-Energy Particles. By John Matson Hot on the heels of detecting the two highest-energy neutrinos ever observed, scientists working with a mammoth particle detector buried in ice near the South Pole unveiled preliminary data showing that they also registered the signal of 26 additional high-energy neutrinos. The newfound neutrinos are somewhat less energetic than the two record-setters but nonetheless appear to carry more energy than would be expected if created by cosmic rays hitting the atmosphere—a prodigious source of neutrinos raining down on Earth. The particles thus may point to unknown energetic astrophysical processes deeper in the cosmos . “The result right now is very preliminary,” cautions Nathan Whitehorn of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, who described the new data May 15 during a symposium in Madison on particle astrophysics. “We’re not totally certain right now that it’s from an astrophysical source.”

So IceCube physicist Naoko Kurahashi Neilson, also of U.W. Also on HuffPost:
Dark matter experiment CDMS sees three tentative clues. 15 April 2013Last updated at 16:08 ET By Jason Palmer Science and technology reporter, BBC News, Denver, Colorado The CDMS experiment is based underground at the Soudan mine in Minnesota, US Researchers have revealed the first potential hints of the elusive material called dark matter at an underground laboratory in the US.

Known as Xi(b)* (pronounced "csai bee-star"), the new particle is a baryon, a type of matter made up of three even smaller pieces called quarks. Protons and neutrons, which make up the nuclei of atoms, are also baryons. (Related: "Proton Smaller Than Thought—May Rewrite Laws of Physics.
" ) The Xi(b)* particle belongs to the so-called beauty baryons, particles that all contain a bottom quark, also known as a beauty quark.

The newfound particle had long been predicted by theory but had never been observed. Although finding Xi(b)* wasn't exactly a surprise, the discovery should help scientists solve the larger puzzle of how matter is formed. "It's another brick in the wall," said James Alexander , a physicist at Cornell University who conducts experiments with the LHC. Unlike protons and neutrons, beauty baryons are extremely short-lived—Xi(b)* lasted mere fractions of a second before it decayed into 21 other ephemeral particles. (Related: "Heaviest Antimatter Found; Made in U.S.
What Today's Higgs Boson Discovery Really Means. The boson series, in short and somewhat muddied recollection of the subject.

Please do your own research if you want a fully accurate description, google and wikipedia are great places to start, cassiopea project has a video series on the standard model that explain it pretty well too. The term 'boson' is a concatenation of Bose-Einstein, representing physical properties which are very alien to what we normally observe. The matter we can see is Newtonian, meaning it follows Newton's laws of physics. One of the more interesting properties of bosons occurs when cooled into a condensate, they no longer have deterministic volume, meaning even if you had millions of particles in this state they would still measure out to have the same volume as a single particle, in effect all occupying the same position in space. The only way to really know how many you have is to measure the forces, more on this next.

Both of them are theoretical constructs, useful to explain observations that might be difficult to explain otherwise.
Physics. Ics team proposes a way to create an actual space-time crystal. (Phys.org) -- Earlier this year, theoretical physicists Frank Wilczek, of MIT put forth an idea that intrigued the research community.

He suggested that it should be possible to construct a so called space-time crystal by adding a fourth dimension, movement in time, to the structure of a crystal, causing it to become an infinitely running clock of sorts. At the time, Wilczek acknowledged that his ideas on how to do so were inelegant, to say the least. Now another international team led by Tongcang Li has proposed a way to achieve what Wilczek proposed using a far more elegant process. They have posted a paper on the preprint server arXiv describing what they believe is a real-world process for creating an actual space-time crystal that could conceivably be carried out in just the next few years.

Taking Wilczek’s original idea, but not his method for creating a real world example, Li et al, suggest that to create a space-time crystal all that’s needed is a better ion trap.
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