This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a Supplement.

Medicine has advanced remarkably over the past several decades. Although these advances have benefited many patients with severe illnesses requiring intensive care, such as sepsis, the financial burden is staggering. In 2016, U.S. health care spending grew 4.3%, reaching $3.3 trillion (that is, $10 348 per person and 17.9% of the gross domestic product) (1); intensive care accounts for between 4% and 8% of all U.S. health care costs (2).