The Communist Party of Britain was established, or, as its members saw it, re-established, in April 1988[14] by a disaffected section of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB), which had largely embraced Eurocommunism. This section included the editorship of the Morning Star newspaper, including Tony Chater, the paper's editor. They were largely supporters of the Communist Campaign Group, formed to oppose the party's new direction. The founders of the new party attacked the leadership of the CPGB for allegedly abandoning 'class politics' and the leading role of the working class in the revolutionary process in Britain. The youth wing of the CPGB, the Young Communist League, had collapsed, and the Morning Star was losing circulation.

The following year the leaders of CPGB formally declared that they had abandoned the party's programme, The British Road to Socialism. Many members of the party perceived this as the party turning its back on socialism. The CPGB dissolved itself in 1991 and reformed as the Democratic Left.[15] Many members of the Straight Left faction who had stayed in the CPGB formed a group called "Communist Liaison" which later opted to join the CPB. Others remained in the Democratic Left or joined the Labour Party.

The CPB was largely the creation of the "Communist Campaign Group" and one of its prominent leaders, Mike Hicks, was elected to the post of general secretary when the party was founded in 1988. In January 1998 Hicks was ousted as general secretary in a 17 - 13 vote moved by John Haylett (who was also editor of the Morning Star) at a meeting of the party's Executive Committee. Hicks' supporters on the Management Committee of the Morning Star responded by suspending and then sacking Haylett, which led to a prolonged strike at the Morning Star, ending in victory for Haylett and his reinstatement.[20] Some of Hicks' supporters were expelled and others resigned in protest. They formed a discussion group called Marxist Forum, which is now defunct.

In 2009 the party was one of the founder organisations of the No2EU electoral alliance alongside the RMT and a number of other left parties. The aim of the alliance is to stand in European Parliament elections on a platform of opposition to the European Union, which it considers undemocratic and neo-liberal.

In 2013 the party was a founder of the People's Assembly Against Austerity along with a number of other political and campaign groups to create a broad organisation in opposition to austerity policies of the major political parties of Britain and of the European Union. The People's Charter, which the Communist Party had helped create several years earlier, was subsequently voted to be incorporated into the People's Assembly.

At the 2017 general election, the party fielded no candidates and gave its support to the Jeremy Corbyn-led Labour Party. The CPB said it was the first election at which the party (or the CPGB) had not fielded any candidates.[25][26] In March 2018, a leading member of the CPB, Susan Michie said the party would no longer stand against Labour in general elections. CPB members should be "working full tilt" for the election of Corbyn as prime minister, she said.[27][28]

“The aim of the Communist Party is to achieve a socialist Britain in which the means of production, distribution and exchange will be socially owned and utilised in a planned way for the benefit of all. This necessitates a revolutionary transformation of society, ending the existing capitalist system of exploitation and replacing it with a socialist society in which each will contribute according to ability and receive according to work done. Socialist society creates the conditions for advance to a fully communist form of society in which each will receive according to need.”[29]

The party's main policies are set out in the Alternative Economic and Political Strategy, contained within this is the Left Wing Programme which comprises the following fourteen key policies:

The party's stance on the Soviet Union is summed up in Britain's Road to Socialism:

Russia and the other countries of the Soviet Union were transformed from semi-feudal, semi-capitalist monarchist dictatorships into modern societies with near-full employment, universally free education and healthcare, affordable housing for all, extensive and cheap public transport, impressive scientific and cultural facilities, rights for women and degrees of self-government for formerly oppressed nationalities. This was achieved through a world historic break with capitalist ownership and social relations, on the basis of social ownership of industry and centralised economic planning.

But the struggle to survive and to build socialism in the face of powerful external as well as internal enemies also led to distortions in society that might otherwise have been avoided. In particular, a bureaucratic-command system of economic and political rule became entrenched. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the trade unions became integrated into the apparatus of the state, eroding working class and popular democracy. Marxism-Leninism was used dogmatically to justify the status quo rather than make objective assessments of it.

At times, and in the late 1930s in particular, severe violations of socialist democracy and law occurred. Large numbers of people innocent of subversion or sabotage were persecuted, imprisoned and executed. This aided the world-wide campaign of lies and distortions aimed at the Soviet Union, the international communist movement and the concept of socialism.

Within the Marxist-Leninist movement in Britain, rival organisations such as the Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist-Leninist) and groups aligned with it such as the Stalin Society, have accused the Communist Party of Britain under Griffiths of being revisionist. For instance in 2016, Lalkar, the political journal edited by Harpal Brar, chairman of the CPGB-ML, criticised the organisation and its aligned newspaper the Morning Star as being "Khrushchevite revisionist" for distancing itself from the legacy of Joseph Stalin.[32] In the same year, Red Youth, the youth wing of the CPGB-ML, criticised Griffiths and his party in an article entitled "Britain's Road to Revisionism" as "rank opportunist" and "arch revisionist" for publicly distancing itself from Marxist-Leninism in North Korea and for supporting the Labour Party in any form.[33]

Under the Registration of Political Parties Act 1998, which regulated the use of symbols on ballot slips and electoral material, the Communist Party is the only British political party entitled to use a stand-alone hammer and sickle in such cases. The party tends to use the hammer and dove (adopted when the party was re-established in 1988) in conjunction with the hammer and sickle in publications and on other material, with the hammer and dove normally taking primacy.
The party's official flag consists of a golden-outlined, five-pointed red star above and slightly to the left of a hammer and sickle design in red with a golden outline in the flag's canton. The words "Communist Party" appear in gold along the bottom of the flag.

The YCL is the autonomous youth group of the Communist Party, with its own internal organisation. It is a growing organisation, having reorganised several districts with growing branches and has also increased its autonomous activity and events, as well as playing more of an active role in the Communist Party and political campaigns such as the People's Assembly Against Austerity.

Logo of the Young Communist League as it appeared in 1923.

The Communist Party describes itself as a "disciplined and democratic organisation" and operates on a model of democratic centralism.

The basic party body is the branch. These are normally localities (towns or counties, for example), although workplace branches also exist. In England, branches are grouped into coherent geographical areas and send delegates to a biennial District Congress which elects a District Committee for its area. Similarly, the Welsh and Scottish branches send delegates to their own national congresses where each elects an Executive Committee. These congresses also decide the broad perspectives for party activity within their districts and nations.

The all-Britain national congress is also held biennially. Delegates from districts, nations and branches themselves decide the party's policy as a whole and elect an Executive Committee (EC) that carries out a presidium-like function, including decision-making and policy-formation whilst congress is not in session.[34]

The EC also elects a Political Committee (PC) to provide leadership when the EC is not meeting. Advisory Committees also exist to provide in-depth information on an array of subjects, including committees dedicated to women, industrial workers, pensions, public services, education workers, economics, housing, rails, science technology and the environment, transport, Marxist-Leninist education, LGBT rights, anti-racism, anti-fascism, civil service and international affairs.

From 2006 to 2014 the party held a membership of over 900 members, in 2015 this figure dropped significantly to below 800 members, and it has not recovered since. The party continues to maintain branches in most major cities within Great Britain.

In 2015 the party fielded 9 candidates, whose combined vote came to 1,229.[69] Laura-Jane Rossington stood for the party in Plymouth Sutton and Devonport; at just over 18, she was the youngest candidate to stand in the general election in England.[70]

In local elections in 2008 the party gained one councillor, Clive Griffiths, a former Labour councillor who joined the party and was re-elected unopposed to Hirwaun and PenderynCommunity Council as a communist.[79]

This is a theoretical and discussion journal published on a quarterly basis.[81] It takes its name from the old journal published by the CPGB[82] and current issues cost £2.5. The content of the journal covers book reviews, feature articles, letters and sometimes poetry. The editor is Martin Levy.

This is a magazine published by the Young Communist League. It mainly covers news, feature articles and political reports. It runs a Back 2 Basics series which explains the basic foundations of Marxism-Leninism in an accessible way. Occasionally it publishes music, film or video game reviews alongside other light content such as comic strips. It's aimed at young people and tends to be less academic than Communist Review.

This is an email bulletin which summarises the party's recent statements, resolutions, reports and policies.[83] It also brings attention to campaigns and events being promoted by the party. It is open to the public and can be subscribed to on the party website, if someone makes an enquiry to join the party they can choose to be subscribed to the email list.

A journal for rural communities, produced since 1935.[84] It is produced annually and is run by an editorial collective of Communist and Labour members, environmentalists and trade unionists. The paper supports the Countryside Charter with the following aims:

• Restore the Agricultural Wages Board
• Restore the Commission for Rural Development
• Unite to save local schools, post and health services - build housing
• Break with EU Common Agricultural Policy
• Extend the Gangmaster’s Act
• Tax super profits of the giant food retailers
• The land to those who work it.[85]

The party publishes books under the Manifesto Press imprint.[86][87] It has a total catalogue of 8 titles and also sells 2 titles which are published separately by Hetherington Press. The books cover historical, political and social topics and are edited by Nick Wright.[88]

In addition to this the party publishes many miscellaneous pamphlets under its own name.[90] The Classics of Communism series are reprints of classic works such as The Communist Manifesto or "Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder. The Our History series aims to re-tell 'history from below' and covers historical events from a working class perspective. The party also publishes congress reports, the party programme, briefing notes and other documents.

At the beginning of November 2004, the party and its youth organisation, the YCL, moved out of its temporary headquarters in Camden, North London after receiving notice to quit because of redevelopment. The building was owned by AKEL, the Cypriot communist party. Ruskin House in Croydon was chosen as the new party headquarters, with its long history in the progressive movement as centre of the Anti-Apartheid Movement and also local Labour Party and co-operative groups. The party rents the top floor of four offices at Ruskin House which also allows it plenty of room to hold its congresses and other important meetings, including an annual industrial cadre school and the Communist University of Britain.

The party holds a biennial congress with delegates from districts, nations and branches. The last congress as the Communist Party of Great Britain was the 43rd congress and was held in 1991. The 44th congress, as the Communist Party of Britain, was held in 1997. Since 2000 the congress has been held every two years apart from a special congress held in February 2004. The 29 member governing Executive Committee (EC) of the party is elected at congress.

In 2011, the national Communist University event was renamed to "21st Century Marxism" and the format was changed slightly from a festival to a conference. The style of the event has changed widely over the years as the organisers experiment with different venues and speakers.

^Griffiths, Robert (14 August 2015). "Against austerity, mobilise zany unite". www.communist-party.org.uk. Retrieved 20 August 2015. austerity has been about enlarging the private sector at the expense of the public one, cutting the level of real wages, reducing the levels of corporation tax on big business profits and increasing both the mass and rate of corporate profit.

^"Britain's Road to Socialism Introduction". communist-party.org.uk. Communist Party of Britain. 8 August 2008. socialism is the only alternative system of society that can meet the essential needs of the people and humanity

^Ken Keable (2012). London Recruits: the secret war against apartheid (video). Communist Party of Scotland. Event occurs at 1:37. Retrieved 23 February 2013. the main body of the London recruits were members of the British Young Communist League... a few of them in the Communist Party as well

^"Solidarity". Communist Party Scottish Congress 2004. Scotland: Communist Party. 2004. Archived from the original on 1 February 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013. The Communist Party remains the only political party affiliated to the Scottish Cuba Solidarity Campaign