An Eclectic Journal of Opinion, History, Poetry and General Bloviating

Tuesday, May 12, 2015

Max Brand—Pulp Master and One Time Deserter Dies in WWII Combat

Max Brand in maturity.

Regular
readers of this electronic rag know that I frequently profile writers.In addition to dedicating a whole month to poets, I regularly feature almost
exhaustive bios of novelists, mostly
American.Playwrights,
screenwriters, journalists, historians,
and biographers get their share
of attention.All natural for a guy with
a crush on the written word.What might be
less apparent is the soft spot in my
heart for those literary outcasts,
the pulp writers who decade after
decade ground out popular fiction for
pennies a word as they struggled to
make a living.

A
handful did damned well and became famous and rich, if not respected—think Ned Buntline, Horatio Alger, L. Frank Baum,
Edgar Rice Burroughs, Zane Gray, Dashiell Hammett, and a slew of science fiction scribes.Some like Hammett and Isaak Asimov sometimes even finally win
the attention of academicians and critics who proclaim them not as pulp
writers, but genre fiction masters—so
much more impressive sounding.And of,
course, they have to acknowledge writers who did both literary work and popular
schlock—Edgar Allan Poe, Louisa May
Alcott (who preferred her feminine
hero potboilers to her beloved children’s
classics), O. Henry, Jack London,
and several 20th Century scribes.

Writers
who spent their entire careers in the realm of lurid magazine covers and cheap
paperbacks are generally ignored,
dismissed, or reviled by the literati.Take the fellow best known by the nom
de plume Max Brand who also used a dozen or more monikers to cover his astonishingly profuse output.He wrote more than 500 novels--for the pulps
and almost as many shorter stories.That
represented a literary output between 25 and 30 million words. New books based on magazine serials or previously unpublished work continues to appear.That would average to average a new book
every four months for seventy-five years. And he continues to be reprinted almost every
week each year, somewhere in the world.

Most
of his works were westerns, a genre
once phenomenally popular with the public but which has largely fallen out of
fashion.But he also churned out romances, fairy tales, legends, allegories, fantasies, dreams, animal
stories, and psycho-dramas.His modern hospital stories about the idealistic young Dr. Kildare and his crusty mentor
Dr. Gillespie spawned a lucrative movie
franchise, radio series, and two
T.V. series.More over the
quality of all of this vast output was astonishingly good, not only readable in
that page-turning-entertainment sort
of way, but also notable for a fluid style and an untypical tendency for not-so-sympathetic lead characters—today
we would call them anti-heroes—facing
the dark nights of their own souls.

Frederick Schiller Faust was born in Seattle, Washington on May 29, 1892 to Gilbert
Leander Faust and his third wife, Elizabeth Uriel.His German father was a lawyer, land
speculator, bank president, and lumber-mill owner, and his mother was of Irish stock. When he was young, Gilbert fell on hard times
and moved the family to the San Joaquin
Valley of California where he
hoped to rebuild his fortunes.

Young
Frederick’s beloved mother died when he was eight.The
boy consoled himself by retreating into books adventure books about knights in shining armor and other swashbuckling heroes.He ate up The Idles of the King and
other Round Table yarns, Robin Hood stories, Sir Walter Scott, and Robert Lewis Stevenson.He even tried writing his own stories in
his school essay books.

Then
at age 11 his father died leaving him an orphan
and penniless at age 11.Forced to shift for himself, he went to work
as a farm worker, harvest stiff, casual laborer, and even sometimes as a ranch hand.It was a life of
punishingly hard labor which took a physical toll on his small frame.In fact he may have injured the heart which gave him life-long
problems.

He
hated every minute of this drudgery.But
it was more than just resentment over having to work so hard, he felt alienated
by those he worked with and for who, he said, “wouldn’t or couldn’t speak
English,” by which he meant the elevated English of the “life of the mind” for
which he yearned.

He
tried to keep up with some schooling but sporadically attended 11 different
schools before a distant relative, Thomas
Downey, the principal of Modesto
High School, took him in and introduced him to the classics of Greek and Latin.The boy was adept and absorbed these classics and Mythologies, all of which he mined for his later work.

With
Downey’s help Faust gained admission to the University of California at Berkeley
where the young man thrived as the as the editor of the Pelican, a campus humor magazine, served on the staff of
the Occident
student newspaper, and the yearbook
in his senior year.Despite completing
four years work and all of his requirements, Faust, always resistant to authority,
so offended the University President with
something he wrote and was denied graduation
with his class.

Pvt. Fredrick Schiller Faust in a brief stint as a Canadian soldier.

With
no diploma to show for his work,
Faust worked briefly for a Honolulu newspaper.World
War I was already raging in Europe,
and young Faust, steeped in the romantic
stories that he loved, yearned to prove himself.He went to Canada where he enlisted in the Army.But before he could be shipped to France, some other row with authority
erupted and he deserted returning to
the United States.

When
the U.S. entered the war in 1917
Faust, then in New York City, rushed
to enlist.His medical examination
turned up his damaged heart and he was rejected.He was rejected again when he tried to get
into the American Field Service
Ambulance Corp.

Disappointed
that he was missing the experience of his generation,
Faust returned to California where he married an old sweetheart, Dorothy Shillig
with whom he would have a happy marriage despite his sometimes dark moods and
heavy drinking.Together they had three
children, Jane, John Frederick, and Judith
Anne.

In
1919 Faust contracted the deadly Spanish
Influenza which further weakened his heart.

By
that year Faust was already supporting his family as a hard working
writer.He published his first short
stories in 1917 in All-Story Weekly, and Argosy.In his third story he first used his most well-known pen name, Max Brand.He adopted the name because his very German
sounding name was an anathema during
the hyper-nationalism sweeping the
nation during the war.It was no great
loss to him.

He
never intended to use his real name for the pulp work he did just to support
his real ambition—to become a world
class poet.In fact the only work he
published under the name Fredrick Faust during his lifetime was poetry which, alas
for him, was never well received.He was
perhaps too steeped in the romantic stuff of his youth and where his fiction
often seemed fresh and modern, his verse was out of step with modernism, old fashioned, and somewhat too fussily wrought.

Publisher
Frank Munsey two magazines,
especially All-Story Weekly, quickly
became Brand’sfirst major home,
although he peddled stories to other rags under a variety of names.His earliest stories were not westerns, but
covered a number of adventure genres.One, a mining yarn, was set in the contemporary west.When Munsey’s biggest star, Zane Gray, jumped
to better paying slick magazines,
the publisher encouraged Brand to try his hand at westerns.Initially unenthusiastic, even resentful, he
tried his hand at it.His earliest
stories even caged some of Gray’s plots and situations.

But
Brand quickly realized the western was the perfect update for the swordplay
epics he had loved as a child and was also a place where mythic archetypes could work out their implacable destinies.Where Gray had specialized in florid descriptions of the Western landscape and detailed descriptions of ranch life, Brand specialized in psychological reflection.His heroes at their best tried to contain
a basic rage and brutality, often failing.His women were strong,
resourceful, and often startlingly independent yet they held out to the flawed
men hope of redemption, sometimes allowing them to come to peace with civilization itself.

The original magazine publication of Brand's first western novel.

After
several successful stories and novellas, Brands first novel between the boards, The Untamedwas
expanded from a magazine serial ib 1918 and published by Putnam in 1919.It is still
highly regarded by western buffs and set a standard for more work.In it antagonist
Dan Barry battles a bad man whose defeat in a brutal fist fight gives him. “a
first taste of blood.” Brand followed up with three more Barry books in which
he battles bad guys, his own rages, and is finally somewhat softened by the
love a woman.But in the final book, the
woman shoots and kills Barry to prevent his brutality from ruining the life of
their daughter.Not the usual western
fluff.In another book Brand would tell
the story of the daughter coming of age in the shadow of her father’s
past.The books were all enormously
successful and the greatest movie cowboy
of the day, Tom Mix, made a film
of The Untamed.

In
the early 1920’s Brand shifted his primary allegiance to a new, better paying,
publisher—Street & Smith and
their Western Story Magazine edited
by Frank Blackwell.Blackwell was so enamored of Brand’s work
that he often turned out whole issues—two novellas, a serial, and a short story
entirely comprised of his work under a myriad of pen names including, in
addition to Brand, including George Owen Baxter, Evan Evans, George Evans, David Manning, John
Frederick, Peter Morland, George Challis, and Frederick Frost.

Brand
was well on his way to financial success and security when he suffered a massive heart attack in 1921 at the age
only 29 which severely weakened him and left him semi-invalid for a while.Fearful for his life, he only redoubled his work output to provide for
his family in case of his early death.He was known to dash of 12,000 words over a weekend and kept up a merciless
publication schedule.

By
the mid-20’s he was hailed as the King
of the Pulps.Both the magazine
pieces and the regular appearances of novels based on them by Putman, sold quickly
and Brand’s price per word soared above the pittance offered by the pulps to
most writers.

By
1926 Brand was able to take his wife and family to Florence, Italy where
they resided comfortably at his home, Villa
Negli Ulivi.The pleasant weather
and surroundings were good for his health, which improved, and he was able to
do all of his work via the mails.

Original 1930 cover to Destry Rides Again.

It
was there that in 1930 Brand created one of his most popular characters, Destry, who first appeared in the
serial Twelve Peers and adapted for book publication as Destroy
Rides Again.It was a typical
Brand story of a reckless cowboy and
gunslinger framed for murder and out for revenge against the
jury which had been stacked with his many enemies
and sentenced him to a long stretch in prison.As Destry gets his revenge on his release one
by one, he is saved by the love of the girl who never believed he was guilty
and stayed with him.The book is widely regarded
as a western classic.

Naturally,
it was quickly optioned to the movies.Tom Mix made the first version.But it and subsequent versions had little to do with the book.In fact it had a totally different plot and Harrison Destry’s name was changed to Tom, probably for Mix.The most famous version, staring James Stewart and Marlene Dietrich followed a similar plot to the Mix film, about the
innocent and idealisticyoung lawman
who after killing one man swears never to use his guns to kill again, despite
his legendary skill with them.Of course
he is eventually forced to take them up again after the saloon singer who took a fancy to him despite being allied with the
villain takes a bullet trying to save him.A third version starring Audie
Murphy followed the earlier movie plots.

Despite
the changes, Brand was glad to take the money—and to see that his original
story remained perpetually in print, as it does to this day.

By
1936 the political situation in Italy made Brand’s continued residency in
Florence untenable.He and his family
returned to the U.S.By this time he had
left the pulps mostly behind.New
stories and serials were snapped up by the better paying popular slick
magazines like the Saturday Evening Post.

The
family settled in Los Angeles and
Brand got work as an in-demand screen
writer doing adaptations of his own stories as well as other work.He could command as much as $3,000 a week as
a movie writer, making him one of the best paid writers

In
1937 Brand created his most enduring character, not a cowboy or gunslinger at
all.Dr. James Kildare first made his appearance in magazine stories but
was quickly snapped up by Paramount
Pictures as the lead character for the film Internes Can’t Take Money
starring Joel McCray as Kildare and Barbara Stanwyck as the widow of a gangster and ex-con herself.It was
originally more of a gangster movie into
which the young doctor stumbled, as one might expect of Brand.

Lobby card for Young Dr. Kildare, first film in the MGM franchise.

MGM snapped up the
rights to Kildare out from under Paramount’s nose, which hadn’t given a thought
to his potential for a movie series.Brand was enlisted as a script writer.In the new incarnation started with Young Doctor Kildare with Lew Ayers as he intern and Lionel Barrymore as a new character,
Dr. Gilespie, the wise but crusty hospital
chief of staff who takes the young man under his wing.That film and seven sequels largely revolved around
that relationship as Ayers acts as a medical
sleuth, diagnosing and treating mystery cases with Gilepie’s
guidance.The series was so successful that
after Ayers was dropped during World War II for his pacifism, Van Johnson continued on with Barrymore as a new intern,
Dr. Randall “Red” Adams.Brand was not involved with these final
films, but continued to receive screen credit—and, of course, royalties.

The
series and other film work along with his continuing stream of other writing
made Brand truly wealthy.

America’s
entry into World War II revived
Brand’s determination to get into the war despite his age and ill health.He
tried several times to offer his services in some way, but was turned down.Finally, in 1944 he became a war correspondent for Harper’s
magazine by hiding his heart ailments from him.He first covered the 212th Marine Fighter Squadron's operations at Guadalcanal.His book length
non-fiction account was found in manuscript 40 years later and finally
published as Fighter Squadron at Guadalcanal in 1996 by the US Naval Institute Press.It received high praise from military and
aviation historians.

Latter
in 1944 Brand was with the infantry in
the front lines of the notoriously hard and brutal Italian campaign.He earned
the admiration of the young troops more than a generation his junior sharing
their hardships amid the mud and mire and was often exposed to fire.On May 12, 1944, days short of his 52nd
birthday, Brand was mortally wounded along with several young soldiers in an artillery attack.Bleeding from multiple shrapnel wounds, Brand refused
treatment from medics until all of his young companions were tended to.By that time it was too late.

The
death of such a famous writer at the front attracted a lot of attention.President
Franklin Roosevelt, after reviewing the official Army account of the
incident, publicly praised Brand for his final sacrifice.