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en-usSun, 02 Aug 2015 20:54:58 -0500Wolters Kluwer Health RSS Generatorhttp://images.journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/XLargeThumb.00013542-201507000-00000.CV.jpeghttp://journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/pages/currenttoc.aspx
http://journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/Fulltext/2015/07000/Misidentification_of_Brucella_and_a_review_of_the.1.aspx
Investigations of five misidentification cases of Brucella species using commercial identification techniques prompted a retrospective analysis of previously published misidentifications of Brucella infections in China and elsewhere. Brucella causes a notifiable communicable zoonotic disease. The misidentifications of Brucella as other genetically similar Gram-negative pathogens may result in inappropriate treatment of the patient as well as risk of laboratory-acquired infections. We summarize the microbiological identification methods, reasons and possible influence of misidentification of Brucella infection in humans.]]>Wed, 01 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000013542-201507000-00001http://journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/Fulltext/2015/07000/Strategies_of_DNA_vaccines_against_toxoplasmosis.2.aspx
In humans, toxoplasmosis is widespread and can lead to serious disease, especially in pregnant women and also in immunodeficient individuals. The drugs for treatment of this disease have some toxic effects. Hence, the development to either new anti-Toxoplasma drugs or an effective vaccine would be valuable for human medicine. DNA vaccination is one of the most successful strategies for the development of a new generation of effective vaccines against intracellular parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii. This review explains the application of these strategies to improve DNA vaccine efficacy against toxoplasmosis.]]>Wed, 01 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000013542-201507000-00002http://journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/Fulltext/2015/07000/Pneumocystis_jiroveci___its_history_and_emergence.3.aspx
Pneumocytis jiroveci is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that has gained particular prominence since the onset of the AIDS epidemic. Because of the relatively high incidence of pneumocystis pneumonia complicating HIV infection, it is often termed the AIDS-defining illness. However, despite this many questions about its epidemiology and transmission remain unanswered. Whereas traditional theory postulates that the disease results from reactivation of latent infection, recent data suggest that active acquisition of infection, either through environmental exposure or through person-to-person transmission, may occur. This article summarizes current knowledge on biology, pathophysiology and epidemiology of pulmonary P. jiroveci infection.]]>Wed, 01 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000013542-201507000-00003http://journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/Fulltext/2015/07000/The_development_of_antimicrobial_peptides_as_an.4.aspx
In recent years, the widespread use of conventional antibiotics has led to many microbial pathogens becoming resistant to these antibiotics. Therefore, the development of novel and alternative therapeutic strategies for controlling and reducing the effects of these pathogens is urgently needed. Studies have shown that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and proteins are important members of the host defense system in eukaryotes. These peptides are potent agents with broad-spectrum activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this review, we discuss the diversity, the broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and related properties of AMPs that could be exploited for their application as potential drug candidates in therapeutic strategies against multiresistant pathogens.]]>Wed, 01 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000013542-201507000-00004http://journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/Fulltext/2015/07000/Dialysis_related_peritonitis_caused_by_Gordonia.5.aspx
Gordonia species had been reported to be a rare cause of human infection. This may be because they are easily misidentified as Rhodococcus, Nocardia, Arthrobacter or other Actinomycetes by routine biochemical tests. Here, we report a case of dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Gordonia sputi in a patient with chronic renal failure. The organism was not identified originally using an automatic identification instrument (VITEK Compact). The strain was finally identified as G. sputi by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.]]>Wed, 01 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000013542-201507000-00005http://journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/Fulltext/2015/07000/Chronic_zoster_form___a_rare_variant_of_cutaneous.6.aspx
Cutaneous leishmaniasis may present with unusual clinical variants such as erysipeloid, sporotrichoid, whitlow, paronychia and impetigo form. The chronic zoster-form variant has rarely been reported. We report a male patient with zoster-form cutaneous leishmaniasis on the back of his neck in Yazd province in central Iran. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chronic zoster-form cutaneous leishmaniasis from our city, and the second case in Iran. Once diagnosed, it responded well to conventional treatment.]]>Wed, 01 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000013542-201507000-00006http://journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/Fulltext/2015/07000/Disseminated_melioidosis___a_case_report.7.aspx
Melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, has recently gained importance as an emerging infectious disease in India. Reports of this infection in India are limited, although cases have been reported in Northern Australia and Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam. We report a case of disseminated melioidosis who developed pneumonia, meningitis and septicemia following blunt trauma to the chest. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of meningitis caused by B. pseudomallei being reported from this part of the country. The patient was successfully treated with imipenem and cotrimoxazole.]]>Wed, 01 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000013542-201507000-00007http://journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/Fulltext/2015/07000/Chryseobacterium_indologenes_carrying_blaIND_1.8.aspx
Chryseobacterium indologenes is an environmental organism and is an uncommon human pathogen. This causes opportunistic infections in patients with severe underlying clinical conditions. C. indologenes infections are problematic because of decreased therapeutic options attributable to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, which mainly depend on the production of the specific IND type of metallo-β-lactamases. We report a case of C. indologenes in a blood sample obtained from a patient with adenocarcinoma. The patient was treated with a 1.2-g dose of Augmentin three times a day. The treatment was followed by normalization of the patient's temperature. The patient was finally transferred to the surgery department for further investigation. Molecular biology revealed that the tested strain carried the blaIND-1 gene, which is responsible for the production of the IND-1 type of metallo-β-lactamase. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of IND-1-producing C. indologenes bacteraemia in Poland.]]>Wed, 01 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000013542-201507000-00008http://journals.lww.com/revmedmicrobiol/Fulltext/2015/07000/A_series_of_three_cases_of_Trichosporon_asahii.9.aspx
No abstract available]]>Wed, 01 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000013542-201507000-00009