The Group-A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) remains an important human pathogen, associated with a range of superficial skin and throat infections as well as a variety of more serious invasive infections and autoimmune sequelae such as acute rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (Ref.1). S. pyogenes strains are grouped into two classes [...]

Symbiobacterium thermophilum is a symbiotic Gram-negative and tryptophanase-positive thermophile. It is an uncultivable bacterium isolated from compost that depends on microbial commensalism. It does not grow by itself under standard culture conditions; however, when cocultured with Bacillus sp., it propagates. S.thermophilum proliferates under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions (Ref.1, 2 [...]

Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most economically important lactic acid bacteria used in the manufacture of yogurt and cheeses. This bacterium belongs to the group of GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) bacteria which is an exception in the Streptococcus genus. S. thermophilus is used, along with Lactobacillus sp., as [...]

Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most economically important lactic acid bacteria used in the manufacture of yogurt and cheeses. This bacterium belongs to the group of GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) bacteria which is an exception in the Streptococcus genus. S. thermophilus is used, along with Lactobacillus sp., as [...]

Ethylene (C2H4) is a Plant hormone involved in a large number of developmental processes including Ripening of Fruit, Abscission, Senescence and Responses to Wounding. Ethylene Biosynthesis is best understood among the plant hormone pathways (Ref.1). In higher plants, Ethylene is produced from L-Methionine. Carbons C3 and C4 of Methionine is [...]

Many carbohydrates besides Glucose (or D-Glucose) meet their catabolic fate in Glycolysis, after being transformed into one of the Glycolytic intermediates. The most significant are the storage polysaccharides Glycogen and Starch; the disaccharides Maltose, Lactose, Trehalose and Sucrose; and the monosaccharides Fructose (or D-Fructose), Mannose (or D-Mannose) and Galactose (or [...]

GAs (Gibberellic Acids or Gibberellins) form a large family of diterpenoid compounds, some of which are bioactive growth regulators, which control diverse developmental processes such as seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, trichome development, and flower and fruit development. Gibberellins are classified on the basis of structure as well as [...]

Glutathione is a sulfhydryl (-SH) antioxidant, antitoxin, and enzyme cofactor.
It is ubiquitous in animals, plants, and microorganisms, and being water soluble
is found mainly in the cell cytosol and other aqueous phases of the living
system. It is composed of Glutamate, Cysteine and Glycine that has numerous
important functions [...]

Glutathione is a sulfhydryl (-SH) antioxidant, antitoxin, and enzyme cofactor.
It is ubiquitous in animals, plants, and microorganisms, and being water soluble
is found mainly in the cell cytosol and other aqueous phases of the living
system. It cannot enter most cells directly and therefore must be made available
inside [...]

Glutathione is a sulfhydryl (-SH) antioxidant, antitoxin, and enzyme cofactor.
It is ubiquitous in animals, plants, and microorganisms, and being water soluble
is found mainly in the cell cytosol and other aqueous phases of the living
system. Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of Glutamate, Cysteine and Glycine
that has numerous [...]

Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter are classified in the
gamma subdivision of the Gram-negative proteobacteria and more precisely on the
Moraxellaceae branch. Isolates of Acinetobacter are characterized as strictly
aerobic non-motile heterotrophic mesophiles, capable of utilising a great
variety of substrates as carbon sources, from alkanes to organic acids, [...]

Azoarcus sp. is associated with microbial degradation of aromatic and
other refractory compounds, including hydrocarbons in anoxic waters and soils.
Strain EbN1 is an aromatic-degrading bacteria found in freshwater and soil
habitats. A unique property of strain EbN1 is its capacity to degrade toluene
and ethylbenzene via two different, strictly [...]

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a tiny and highly motile
Delta-Proteobacterium that preys on other Gram-negative bacteria. B.
bacteriovorus attaches itself to the cell wall of its prey and invades the
cell where it goes through a full-life cycle. After it reproduces, the offspring
burst out of the cell. Despite its small [...]

Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella pertussis and
Bordetella parapertussis and are closely related Gram-negative
Beta-proteobacteria that colonize the respiratory tracts of mammals. B.
bronchiseptica causes chronic respiratory infections in a wide range of
animals. B. bronchiseptica is encountered as a commensal or colonizer
of the respiratory tract of humans and rarely in [...]

Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium,
Sinorhizobium and Azorhizobium-known as Rhizobia-are
Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacteria of agronomic importance because they
perform nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with leguminous plants. They are responsible
for the world’s largest portion of fixed atmospheric nitrogen.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum has been used since 1957 in molecular
genetics, physiology, and ecology due to its [...]

Burkholderia mallei are gram negative bacteria and are evolved as
obligate parasite of horses, mules, and donkeys with no other known natural
reservoir. B.mallei is regarded as a potential biological weapon because it is
highly infectious as an aerosol and results in a disease that is painful,
incapacitating, difficult to [...]

Brucella is a Gram-negative aerobic pathogen that is distringuished
from most other pathogens because it does not have "obvious virulence factors"
like capsules, fimbriae, flagella, exotoxins, exproteases, or other exoenzymes,
cytolysins, resistance forms, antigenic variation, plamids, or lysogenic phages
(Ref.1). Brucella sp. causes a "zoonotic disease endemic in many areas [...]