I found Dionaea ‘Korrigans’ in a garden center on 17 October 2007. The trap is fused with the
petiole on all traps during the entire year (see Figures 1 and 2). Because of this fusion, the traps do not
close well and the captured prey can sometimes escape. It’s a very vigorous Dionaea and it divides
many times each year. The color inside the traps is green and sometimes slightly red.
I have given the name Korrigans to this Dionaea because of the fusion between the petiole and the
trap. Korrigans, here in Brittany, are little strange characters who have a human top of the body fused
with animal legs. On this Dionaea cultivar, the trap part, which could fancifully be thought of as animallike,
is fused with the more mundane and vegetable-like part – the petiole.

The ‘Scarlet Bristle’ (see Figure 3) is distinct in its attributes as the leaf blades and traps exhibit
scarlet to burgundy coloration in filtered sunlight and are held prone to the surface of the growing
medium in all seasons of growth. The marginal trap cilia are greatly reduced, irregular and devoid of fine
hairlike tips which imparts a rough bristly appearance to the trap lobe margins. This is clearly different
in structure from the ‘Red Piranha’ as the triangular shaped marginal cilia are commonly uniform and
evenly spaced on the ‘Red Piranha’. Another interesting characteristic of the ‘Scarlet Bristle’ is that
mature trap trichomes (trigger hairs) continue to develop a thick bristly growth on their upper portion as
the traps age (see Back Cover). Although absent in young plants this unique attribute is very apparent
in older plants, is readily visible to the naked eye and can resemble anything from a spear-head shape
to the bristle end of a bottle brush. This extra growth on the trichomes appears to neither impede nor
enhance trap function but does make itself worthy of continued study. Unlike the ‘Bohemian Garnet’
the ‘Scarlet Bristle’ grows equal in size to the regular form of Dionaea and does not produce copious
numbers of offshoots after the plants have grown out of their TC vigor.

This cultivar was first discovered in the spring of 2006 while performing a replate of typical
Dionaea tissue cultures. One small clump of plants caught my interest as it exhibited much red
coloration to the trap lobes which was a contradiction to the uniform green that was always observed
with that particular form of Dionaea under lab conditions. Upon closer inspection it was also noted
that the marginal cilia on the traps was short and jagged in contrast to the cilia of other plantlets in the
culture. As these particular Dionaea cultures had been maintained over the course of a few years on
a basic 1/2 MS medium with no added PGR’s one can only conjecture that the mutation developed
through the multiple divisions that took place over that time. With great interest the specimen was
isolated and propagated in sterile culture, planted out and hardened under artificial lighting followed
by transfer to the greenhouse to be grown out. In the first year out of TC the ‘Scarlet Bristle’ remained
predominantly green under artificial lighting but was quick to turn completely red when exposed to
sunlight. During the first few months in the greenhouse the plants also exhibited much TC vigor by
continuing to multiply by offsets. Although this was beneficial for obtaining a large number of plants,
very few of the plants that were produced that first season achieved a size that was worthy of note and
were left to go through dormancy so that developments could be observed in the next season. After
4 months of dormancy the plants were divided and grown separately at which time they displayed a
tendency for increasing individual plant size instead of multiplication. It was in this second year out
of TC that the more robust plants from year one confirmed the prone growth and enlarged trichome
characteristics of the ‘Scarlet Bristle’.

Sarracenia ‘French Kiss’ is a hybrid between Sarracenia oreophila and S. leucophylla made in
1998. At the beginning of the growing season it looks like an ordinary S. leucophylla with a green
pitcher tube and a white spotted lid. Later on, the pitchers get much taller and become very colorful;
the spots on the lid being brightly white and the throat having a solid red/pink color (see Figure 4). The
pitcher tubes are 60 to 70 cm tall.

The name was derived from the form of the peristome. It reminded me of a mouth and suggested
the cultivar name Sarracenia ‘French Kiss’.

Vegetative propagation is necessary to maintain the unique features of this hybrid.

—Cédric Azais • Marcellus • France

Figure 4: Sarracenia ‘French Kiss’ pitchers. Photos by Cédric Azais.

Sarracenia ‘Orange Fire’

Submitted: 19 November 2009

Sarracenia ‘Orange Fire’ is hybrid discovered by Gerd Bachert in a German garden center in 2005.
At the beginning of the growing season the pitcher tube has some orange veins and a copper red lid. As
the season progresses, the new pitchers become a very intense orange, like fire (see Figure 5). For this
reason, we named it Sarracenia ‘Orange Fire’. The pitcher tubes are of medium size, 40 to 50 cm tall.
The flower is yellow/red.

Vegetative propagation is necessary to maintain the unique features of this hybrid.

—Cédric Azais • Marcellus • France

Figure 5: Sarracenia ‘Orange Fire’ pitchers. Photo by Cédric Azais.

Sarracenia ‘Bordeaux Red Wine’

Submitted: 19 November 2009

Sarracenia ‘Bordeaux Red Wine’ is a hybrid between Sarracenia leucophylla and S. rubra subsp.
gulfensis. The pitcher tube is 60 to 70 cm tall. The tube is green with a veined top, and the pitcher throat
is wine red (see Figure 6). The name was inspired by a friend who saw the plant and told me it looked
like a glass of red wine and also because Bordeaux is my native country. The cultivar name Sarracenia
‘Bordeaux Red Wine’ is thus particularly appropriate because Bordeaux wine is world famous.

Vegetative propagation is necessary to maintain the unique features of this hybrid.

Sarracenia ‘Přemysl Otakar I’ was selected from the cross Sarracenia leucophylla x (purpurea x leucophylla) performed on 23 August 1999 (seeds collected 23 April 2000). The seed parent was a
low quality clone of S. leucophylla that produced such narrow and uninteresting pitchers that it was
subsequently eliminated. Pollen was taken from my favourite clone of S. purpurea x leucophylla. The
origin of this pollen clone is uncertain; the only available information is that seeds were imported to our
country in the late 1980s from Hungary. Based on flower colour and stalk height, the seed parent plant
was most likely S. purpurea subsp. purpurea.

During the second year, when the seedlings were about 7 cm tall, one blazed like a jewel among
the others. This seedling maintained its quality during subsequent years and even improved its
colouration.

The cultivar’s pitchers are 50–60 cm tall and 4–5 cm wide in their upper part (see Front Cover and
Figure 7). The lid is about two times broader than the tube, with a maximum observed width of 10 cm.
The lid is upright, flat, and semicircular in shape. The margin of the lid is finely undulated, similar to S.
leucophylla. The most outstanding quality of ‘Přemysl Otakar I’ is its intense and contrasting colouration.
The upper part of the pitcher is red-violet with remarkably strong veining that is an extremely deep
maroon similar to the colour of black cherries. The white fenestrations contrast gorgeously with the
maroon venation. The flower is similar to that of S. leucophylla in shape and colour (see Figure 8).

Cultivation is the same as with other Sarracenia. This cultivar is moderately winter-hardy. Plants
grown in 10 cm pots survived –5°C without damage. The plants produce a remarkably rich abundance
of roots similar to some clones of S. flava x leucophylla. As a result, small rootless or poorly rooted
cuttings can be established easily. Sarracenia ‘Přemysl Otakar I’ must be propagated vegetatively to
maintain its characteristics.

The name of the cultivar is dedicated to Czech King Přemysl Otakar I (Ottokar I of Bohemia in
English textbooks) who governed Bohemia from 1192-1193 and 1197-1230. This monarch is credited
with establishing the internal stabilization of Bohemia and strengthening the political, religious, and
cultural independence of the Czech Kingdom within Europe and especially of the Holy Roman Empire.
My first registered Sarracenia cultivar is dedicated to the man in whose name is also epithet “the first”.
The plant is remarkably slender and tall in its physique, as was King Přemysl Otakar I. The King was
an outstanding and gorgeous personality of Czech history as the plant is among other plants in any
grower’s collection.

Pitcher with white fenestration interlaced by strong venation. The tone of the veins is deep maroon. Freshly opened pitchers are similar to that of S. leucophylla in colour. Senescent pitchers are almost completely maroon.

Freshly opened pitchers are pink, later all red. Fenestration is completely covered by red pigments.

Sarracenia ‘Rudolf II’ is a selection from the complex cross Sarracenia (purpurea x leucophylla)
x minor var. okefenokeensis. This was my beginner experiment breeding Sarracenia (pollinated in May
1996, seeds collected 22 September 1996), which I performed as a teenage grower. The seed parent
was the same clone of S. x mitchelliana that served as the pollen donor for Sarracenia ‘Přemysl Otakar
I’, and the pollen parent was a clone of Sarracenia minor var. okefenokeensis donated by Dr. Miloslav
Studnička. I expected that the hybrid’s appearance would resemble a robust Sarracenia minor with a
raised lid and enhanced colouration.

One particular seedling from the cross, when about 10 cm in size, seemed to be typical except for
one remarkable detail which caught my eye - white dots were unusually distributed near the edge of the
lid, which otherwise lacked the fenestrations found in S. minor (see Figure 9). I had never seen such a
fenestration pattern before. This seedling increased in colour and size during subsequent years.
The first spring pitchers on mature plants are about 70 cm tall. Later pitchers are 10–20 cm smaller,
but are more robust and better coloured. The peristome can be 6–7 cm broad and the maximum width
of the lid is 13.5 cm. The lid is shell-shaped, intensively veined, and fine-haired on the bottom side.
Pitchers of plants well exposed to the sun become all red, except for the basal third which usually stays green. Fenestrations are concentrated on the posterior side of the pitcher, as in S. minor; but the
areoles are just smaller. Pitcher colour can change to a green surface with pink areoles during low
light levels and cold stress during the winter. Some growers like this unique pattern. The plants form
well-coloured and remarkably robust pitcher-rich clumps (see Figure 10).

Although the plant is a showstopper during the summer exhibitions, it is also superb in the spring
due to its flowers, which are 6–8 cm in diameter and held on 60–80 cm tall stems. The superior
(exposed) surfaces of petals and sepals are maroon, while the inferior (hidden) surface is yellow (see
Figure 11). The umbrella-shaped style is green. Light yellow basal parts of petals form a consistent
band surrounding the flower which is in great contrast to its maroon colour. Sepals and petals are
remarkably solid and regularly shaped. Taken together, the quality of the Sarracenia ‘Rudolf II’ flowers
exceeds those of similar bicoloured hybrids, especially in colour and shape. They are very suitable as
cut flowers, thanks to the tall, strong, and straight stems.

The cultivar is a robust grower similar to S. minor var. okefenokeensis or S. x mitchelliana. It
is highly resistant to rhizome rotting, thanks to the S. minor var. okefenokeensis influence. Thin and
long bases are frequently unable to hold very heavy pitchers, so affixing of the clump is sometimes
necessary. This is improved when the plants are grown separately in full sunlight and a well-ventilated
place. The cultivar can be maintained in huge clumps, but the pitchers are larger and better coloured
when plants are grown separately. The capsules contain numerous (500-1000), large and highly viable
seeds. Offspring of the cultivar are also vigorous and usually attractive in their colouration.

The cultivar is named after Rudolf II, King of Bohemia and Holy Roman Emperor, who governed
Czech countries during 1575-1611. Rudolf II was tall, robust, clad in colours, and a little bit cockeyed,
similar to the appearance of this cultivar dedicated to him. Rudolf II greatly supported economical
and cultural progress of the Czech Kingdom. During his period, Prague became a center of European
cultural and scientific life, employing such personalities as Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Albrecht
Dürer, Pieter Brueghel, Giuseppe Archimboldo, Edward Kelley, and John Dee. Rudolf II is considered
to be a striking and positive personality of Czech history.

This cultivar is available in restricted quantity and can be obtained directly from me
(srba@sarracenia.cz), Michael King, or Kamil Pásek.

I purchased seed labeled Byblis liniflora from Rare Exotic Seeds on 12 February 2009. I soon
discovered that the resulting plants possessed the same pulvinus anomaly that was first documented
by Byblis filifolia ‘Goliath’ in 2008. However, this marvelous cultivar is much smaller (to 20 cm
tall) and forms pulvinus on the leaf axils as well as the pedicels. Interestingly, pulvinus formation is
unconditional and the leaves move downward to form a tripod-like support for the plant (see Figure
12). Another distinguishing factor is the existence of sessile glands on the shoot apex and leaves (see
Figure 13). Branching is rare but does occur.

Overall growing conditions have a great influence on the plant’s flower structure. A comparison
of sepal length to petal length unfortunately shows inconsistencies when compared to seedlings and
clones in cultivation. The same inconsistencies exist when comparing filament to anther length.
Anther coloration ranges from dark purple to light lavender, depending on the amount of sun received.
Flower color ranges from light pink to dark purple. The back of the flowers range in color from white
to tan or white with tan stripes. Striped and white flower forms are also known to exist. Equally
important, overall growth habit and form is affected by lighting conditions, temperature differences,
and moisture levels in cultivation. Therefore, one of the easiest ways to confirm that a plant is Byblis
liniflora ‘David’ is the existence of unconditional pulvini and sessile glands.

Another important defining feature is that Byblis liniflora ‘David’ is self-pollinating and copious
amounts of fertile seed are easily produced without any assistance, whereas Byblis filifolia ‘Goliath’
requires two genetically distinct plants for successful pollination.

Byblis liniflora ‘David’ can be reproduced from seed and cuttings, although cuttings have a low
strike rate.

The name Byblis liniflora ‘David’ is coined from the well-known bible story of David and
Goliath. The origin and meaning of the name is the same as in Byblis filifolia ‘Goliath’, except Byblis
liniflora ‘David’ is much shorter, has sessile glands, and is self-pollinating. The leaves and pedicels
move downward via pulvini unconditionally to support the plant in a tripod-like fashion.

—Brian Barnes • Longwood, FL • USA

Figure 12: Byblis liniflora ‘David’ pulvini and
sessile glands.

Figure 13: Byblis liniflora ‘David’ sessile
glands.

Dionaea ‘Korean Melody Shark’

Submitted: 26 March 2010

This cultivar was produced by crossbreeding different clones of plants known informally in the UK
as Dionaea “Shark Tooth”. The crossbreeding was done in the Korean Carnivorous Plant Institute by
the head of the institute Dr. Jang Gi-Won and his intern Max Yoon.

The crossbreeding was not done with the intention of producing a new cultivar. Normally work at
our Institute focuses on conservation. We are currently involved in a project to prevent certain Korean
carnivorous plants from extinction. For instance, Drosera rotundifolia L. once lived in many regions
of Korea. However, due to mass construction and exploitation without awareness of the importance
of conserving carnivorous plants, many natural habitats have been destroyed. Therefore, in order to
conserve Korean carnivorous plants, we have practiced mass propagation techniques of carnivorous
plants. This new Dionaea cultivar was one unexpected result of our work.

By germinating 100 seeds after asepsis, one plant appeared to be different from the other ninety
nine. We separated this unique plant and mass propagated it. It seems like this cultivar, which we named
Dionaea ‘Korean Melody Shark,’ is a sterile mutant—after growing the cultivar and finally seeing its
flower, we discovered that the pistil and stamen do not reach maturity. Therefore, we could not collect
any seeds. It is thus only possible to multiply the cultivar by dividing the rhizomes.

Dionaea ‘Korean Melody Shark’ and its parent plants are similar, but there are some important
differences. First, the petiole of Dionaea ‘Korean Melody Shark’ remains very thin and narrow<
throughout (see Figure 14). Traps that are not yet fully grown look like bean sprouts. When the traps
are fully grown, they become broader in shape. The sawteeth along the trap margin of Dionaea ‘Korean
Melody Shark’ are broader, shorter, and are arranged in a irregular pattern compared to those of its
parents (see Figures 15 and 16). Finally, while the parent plants remain green throughout, the inside of
the traps of Dionaea ‘Korean Melody Shark’ are red.

We named this cultivar “Korean” because it came from Korea, where this new carnivorous plant
cultivar has been named, “Melody” because the traps look like musical notes, and “Shark” as an allusion
to the informal name of the parent plants.