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When developing its low-pressure dual-fuel lean-burn technology for its two-stroke engines, Wärtsilä used its experience from its four-stroke development. This paper explores some of those opportunities and challenges. It cites, for example, the additional time available in a two-stroke engine for gas mixing and the benefit of a two-stroke engine’s exhaust valve timing. Challenges include minimising the rest gas quantity in large two-stroke cylinders compared with those in four-stroke machine