The Highland Pony breed was originally bred to work on small farms in Scotland, hauling timber and game as well as plowing. They are still occasionally used as work horses and for jumping and trekking, due to their quietness, stamina, and ability to carry weight. Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth has a large working stud of Highland ponies.

The breed is also considered Vulnerable in the United Kingdom by Rare Breeds Survival Trust. At least eight bloodlines can be found in the United States, making the domestic population of Highland ponies important for global conservation of the breed.