Contents

The competition was first envisioned by neighbors Ethiopian runner Haile Gebrselassie, Peter Middlebrook and Abi Masefield in late October 2000, following Haile's return from the 2000 Summer Olympics. The 10,000 entries for the first edition quickly sold out and other people unofficially joined in the race without a number.[1] The creation of the race marked the first time that a major annual 10 km race had been held in the country, renowned for producing world class runners.[2] The day's events include an international and popular 10 km race and a 5 km women only race.[3]

Competitors at the 2011 Great Ethiopian Run.

The elite race attracts a number of prominent runners. Haile Gebrselassie won the inaugural men's race and at the second edition many of the countries top long-distance runners competed, with Gebre Gebremariam, Sileshi Sihine and Kenenisa Bekele comprising the top three in the men's race and Worknesh Kidane and Tirunesh Dibaba taking first and second in the women's race.[4][5] Although more established competitors do take part, the race is known for highlighting the best of Ethiopia's up-and-coming running talent – many of the race's podium finishers, little-known at the time, have gone on to achieve success on the global stage.[6]

By 2005, the number of race entries had grown to 25,000 participants.[7] There were around 35,000 runners competing at the 2010 edition.[8] The combination of the quality of the national elite field and the time-impeding altitude of Addis Ababa (8000 ft) means that the international race does not attract many elite runners from other countries. Given the prominence of the race and its importance to emerging athletes, the races - particularly the men's - are hotly contested with large leading packs early on and much physical interaction.[9] Standing in contrast to other large scale running events, fun runners at the Great Ethiopian Run do not typically compete to raise money for charity, but instead compete for their own personal reasons.[1]

The 2016 event saw over 40,000 registrations despite a 6-month state of emergency declared in October following violent anti-government protests.[4] Abe Gashahun and Foiteyn Tesfaye, both relatively new and unknown young athletes, were the surprise winners of the 16th edition of the Great Ethiopian Run 10km international road race which was held on Sunday November 20, 2016.

Abe Gashahun won in a tight sprint finish ahead of Kenyan athlete Jorum Lumbasi, who became the first Kenyan male to place in the top three since Nathan Naibei finished 2nd here in 2005. Four athletes had entered the final home straight locked together and Gashahun only clinched victory in the final few metres of the race.

Gashahun who is coached by Haji Ajilo comes from Debre Birhan, 120km northeast of Addis Ababa, and had travelled to the capital yesterday for this race.

“I have competed abroad only twice until now, both times in France. I hope that my win today will give me more opportunities to compete in international races abroad, “he said after the race.

The women’s winner Foiteyn Tesfaye who was also appearing in the race for the first time surprised better known names in the race. Tesfaye runs for the Messebo club based in the northern province of Tigray and is still relatively new to the racing scene in Addis Ababa.[5]

1.
Addis Ababa
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Addis Ababa or Addis Abeba, is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It has a population of 3,384,569 according to the 2007 population census and this number has been increased from the originally published 2,738,248 figure and appears to be still largely underestimated. As a chartered city, Addis Ababa has the status of both a city and a state and it is where the African Union is and its predecessor the OAU was based. It also hosts the headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa is therefore often referred to as the political capital of Africa for its historical, diplomatic and political significance for the continent. The city is populated by people from different regions of Ethiopia and it is home to Addis Ababa University. The Federation of African Societies of Chemistry and Horn of Africa Press Institute are also headquartered in Addis Ababa, Entoto is one of a handful of sites put forward as a possible location for a medieval imperial capital known as Barara. Dubbed the Pentagon, the 30 hecatre site incorporates a castle with 12 towers, the site of Addis Ababa was chosen by Empress Taytu Betul and the city was founded in 1886 by Emperor Menelik II. His interest in the area grew when his wife Taytu began work on a church on Mount Entoto, and Menelik endowed a second church in the area. However, the area did not encourage the founding of a town for lack of firewood and water. Initially, Taytu built a house for herself near the Filwoha hot mineral springs, other nobility and their staff and households settled in the vicinity, and Menelik expanded his wifes house to become the Imperial Palace which remains the seat of government in Addis Ababa today. The name changed to Addis Ababa and became Ethiopias capital when Menelik II became Emperor of Ethiopia, the town grew by leaps and bounds. One of Emperor Meneliks contributions that is visible today is the planting of numerous eucalyptus trees along the city streets. Following all the engagements of their invasion, Italian troops from the colony of Eritrea entered Addis Ababa on 5 May 1936. Along with Dire Dawa, the city had been spared the aerial bombardment practiced elsewhere, the city was liberated by Major Orde Wingates Sudanese and Ethiopian Gideon Force in time to permit Emperor Haile Selassies return on 5 May 1941, five years to the day after he had left. Following reconstruction, Haile Selassie helped form the Organisation of African Unity in 1963, the OAU was dissolved in 2002 and replaced by the African Union, also headquartered in Addis Ababa. The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa also has its headquarters in Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa was also the site of the Council of the Oriental Orthodox Churches in 1965. Ethiopia has often called the original home of mankind because of various humanoid fossil discoveries like the Australopithecine Lucy. After analysing the DNA of almost 1,000 people around the world, geneticists, the research indicated that genetic diversity decreases steadily the farther ones ancestors traveled from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2.
Ethiopia
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Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With nearly 100 million inhabitants, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and it occupies a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres, and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa. Some of the oldest evidence for modern humans has been found in Ethiopia. It is widely considered as the region from modern humans first set out for the Middle East. According to linguists, the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era, tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC, Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history. During the first centuries AD, the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region, subsequently, many African nations adopted the colors of Ethiopias flag following their independence. It was the first independent African member of the 20th-century League of Nations, Ethiopias ancient Geez script, also known as Ethiopic, is one of the oldest alphabets still in use in the world. The Ethiopian calendar, which is seven years and three months behind the Gregorian calendar, co-exists alongside the Borana calendar. A slight majority of the population adheres to Christianity, while around a third follows Islam, the country is the site of the Migration to Abyssinia and the oldest Muslim settlement in Africa at Negash. A substantial population of Ethiopian Jews, known as Bete Israel, resided in Ethiopia until the 1980s, Ethiopia is a multilingual nation with around 80 ethnolinguistic groups, the four largest of which are the Oromiffa, Amhara, Somali, and Tigrayans. Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches, additionally, Omotic languages are spoken by ethnic minority groups inhabiting the southern regions. Nilo-Saharan languages are spoken by the nations Nilotic ethnic minorities. Ethiopia is the place of origin for the coffee bean which originated from the place called Kefa and it is a land of natural contrasts, with its vast fertile West, jungles, and numerous rivers, and the worlds hottest settlement of Dallol in its north. The Ethiopian Highlands are Africas largest continuous mountain ranges, and Sof Omar Caves contain Africas largest cave, Ethiopia has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa. Ethiopia is one of the members of the UN, the Group of 24, the Non-Aligned Movement, G-77. In the 1970s and 1980s, Ethiopia suffered from civil wars, the country has begun to recover recently however, and now has the largest economy in East Africa and Central Africa. According to Global Fire Power, Ethiopia has the 42nd most powerful military in the world, the origin of the word Ethiopia is uncertain

3.
Road running
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Road running is the sport of running on a measured course over an established road. These events are classified as long-distance according to athletics terminology. They may involve large numbers of runners or wheelchair entrants, the three most common IAAF recognized distances for road running events are 10K runs, half marathons and marathons. Despite this, there are far more 5K road race events, due to their popularity for charity races and similar, less competitive reasons to hold an event. Road running may offer those involved a range of challenges and interests such as dealing with hills, sharp bends, varied surfaces, inclement weather, aerobic fitness, or the ability of the body to use oxygen, is the biggest factor contributing to success. The impact of running on roads puts more stress on the feet, knees and it can compensate by providing a consistent, level surface. It may put less strain on the Achilles tendon, before engaging in road running, one should choose a shoe that best suits ones foot type and running style. Road running is one of forms of road racing, which also include road bicycle racing. Race courses are held on the streets of major cities and towns. Other common distances include 5 kilometres,8 kilometres,12 kilometres, some major events have unique distances. Most road race courses are certified to be accurate to within 0. 1%, certified courses are often intentionally lengthened by one metre per km to ensure that they are not short of the stated distance. A Jones Counter attached to a bicycle is used to course length. Remeasurement to verify the length is undertaken when a record is set on a course. Running that covers a distance farther than a marathon is called ultrarunning, such events can be measured in distance or by time. Beyond the ultramarathon lie the multiday and stage races, Road running is unique among athletic events because in many cases first time amateurs are welcome to participate in the same event as members of running clubs and even current world-class champions. Sometimes race times are recorded manually by race organizers, most road races feature electronic timing using transponders, Road races are often community-wide events that highlight or raise money for an issue or project. In the USA, Susan G. Komens Race for the Cure is held nationwide to raise breast cancer awareness and this race is also run in Germany, Italy and Puerto Rico. Similarly, Race for Life holds races throughout the UK to raise money for Cancer Research UK, first person race reports frequently appear on the Dead Runners Society electronic mailing list

4.
Amharic
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Amharic is an Afro-Asiatic language of the Semitic branch. It is spoken as a mother tongue by the Amhara in Ethiopia, the language serves as the official working language of Ethiopia, and is also the official or working language of several of the states within the federal system. Amharic is the second-most widely spoken Semitic language in the world after Arabic and it is written using Amharic Fidel, ፊደል, which grew out of the Geez abugida—called, in Ethiopian Semitic languages, ፊደል fidel and አቡጊዳ abugida. There is no agreed way of transliterating Amharic into Roman characters, the Amharic examples in the sections below use one system that is common, though not universal, among linguists specializing in Ethiopian Semitic languages. Amharic is spoken by 22 million native speakers in Ethiopia and 15 million secondary speakers in Ethiopia, additionally,3 million emigrants outside of Ethiopia speak the language. Most of the Ethiopian Jewish communities in Ethiopia and Israel speak Amharic, in Washington DC, Amharic became one of the six non-English languages in the Language Access Act of 2004, which allows government services and education in Amharic. Furthermore, Amharic is considered a language by the Rastafari religion and is widely used among its followers worldwide. It is the most widely spoken language in the Horn of Africa, the Amharic ejective consonants correspond to the Proto-Semitic emphatic consonants, usually transcribed with a dot below the letter. The consonant and vowel tables give these symbols in parentheses where they differ from the standard IPA symbols, the Amharic script is an abugida, and the graphemes of the Amharic writing system are called fidel. Each character represents a sequence, but the basic shape of each character is determined by the consonant. Some consonant phonemes are written by more than one series of characters, /ʔ/, /s/, /sʼ/ and this is because these fidel originally represented distinct sounds, but phonological changes merged them. The citation form for each series is the form, i. e. the first column of the fidel. The Amharic script is included in Unicode, and glyphs are included in fonts available with major operating systems, as in most other Ethiopian Semitic languages, gemination is contrastive in Amharic. That is, consonant length can distinguish words from one another, for example, alä he said, allä there is, yǝmätall he hits, gemination is not indicated in Amharic orthography, but Amharic readers typically do not find this to be a problem. This property of the system is analogous to the vowels of Arabic and Hebrew or the tones of many Bantu languages. Punctuation includes the following, ፠ section mark ፡ word separator ። full stop ፣ comma ፤ semicolon ፥ colon ፦ Preface colon, question mark ፨ paragraph separator Simple Amharic sentences One may construct simple Amharic sentences by using a subject and a predicate. Here are a few sentences, ኢትዮጵያ አፍሪቃ ውስጥ ናት ʾItyop̣p̣ya ʾAfriqa wǝsṭ nat Ethiopia is in Africa. Lǝǧu is the boy The boy is asleep, አየሩ ደስ ይላል Ayyäru däss yǝlall

5.
Haile Gebrselassie
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Haile Gebrselassie is a retired Ethiopian long-distance track and road running athlete. He won two Olympic gold medals over 10,000 metres and four World Championship titles in the event and he won the Berlin Marathon four times consecutively and also had three straight wins at the Dubai Marathon. Further to this, he won four world titles indoors and was the 2001 World Half Marathon Champion. Haile had major wins at distances between 1500 metres and the marathon, moving from outdoor, indoor and cross country running to road running in the latter part of his career. He broke 61 Ethiopian national records ranging from 800 metres to the marathon, set 27 world records, and is widely regarded as the greatest distance runner in history. In September 2008, at the age of 35, he won the Berlin Marathon with a record time of 2,03,59. The record stood for three years, since he was over the age of 35, that mark still stands as the Masters Age group world record. Haile was born as one of ten children in Asella, Oromiya Region, as a child growing up on a farm he used to run ten kilometres to school every morning, and the same back every evening. This led to a running posture, with his left arm crooked as if still holding his school books. The next year, in 1993, Haile won the first of what would eventually be four consecutive world titles in the mens 10,000 metres at the 1993,1995,1997. His win at the 1993 was however his most infamous as he stepped on the heel of Moses Tanuis shoe at the bell. After the contact, with just one shoe, an angered Tanui moved out to a 10 meter lead, also at the 1993 World Championships he ran in the 5, 000-metre race to finish a close second behind Ismael Kirui of Kenya. In 1994 he won a medal at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Later that year he set his first world record by running a 12,56.96 in the 5, 000-metres, in 1995, Haile ran the 10, 000-metres in 26,43.53 in Hengelo, Netherlands, lowering the world record by nine seconds. That same summer, in Zürich, Switzerland, Haile ran the 5000 metres in 12,44.39 and this world record at the Weltklasse meet in Zürich was voted Performance of the Year for 1995 by Track & Field News magazine.09. In 1997, Haile turned the tables on Komen at the same meet, Komen, in turn, took Hailes record only nine days later when Komen ran a 12,39.74 performance in Belgium. In June 1998 in Hengelo, Netherlands, Haile set a 10,000 metres world record 26,22.75, breaking Paul Tergats world record 26,27.85, running evenly paced 13, 11/13,11 5K splits. Just 13 days later, Haile took on the 5000 metres mark of Komen in Helsinki, croatian pacemaker Branko Zorko took the pace out slowly, hitting 1000 metres in 2,33.91 and dropping out at the mile

6.
2000 Summer Olympics
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It was the second time that the Summer Olympics were held in Australia, and also the Southern Hemisphere, the first being in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1956. Sydney was selected as the host city for the 2000 games in 1993, the United States won the most medals with 93, while Australia came in 4th with 58. The games cost was estimated to be A$6.6 billion, the Games received universal acclaim, with the organisation, volunteers, sportsmanship and Australian public being lauded in the international media. Bill Bryson from The Times called the Sydney Games one of the most successful events on the world stage, admit there can never be a better Olympic Games, and be done with it, as Sydney was both exceptional and the best. These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch and these were also the second Olympic Games to be held in spring. The final medal tally was led by the United States, followed by Russia, several World and Olympic records were broken during the games. With little or no controversies, the games were deemed successful with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world. The Australian city of Melbourne had lost out to Atlanta for the 1996 Summer Olympics four years earlier, the Oxford Olympics Study 2016 estimates the outturn cost of the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics at USD5 billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 90% in real terms. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, operational costs incurred by the committee for the purpose of staging the Games. The competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. The cost and cost overrun for Sydney 2000 compares with a cost of USD4.6 billion, average cost for the Summer Games since 1960 is USD5.2 billion, average cost overrun is 176%. In 2000, the Auditor-General of New South Wales reported that the Sydney Games cost A$6.6 billion, many venues were constructed in the Sydney Olympic Park, which failed in the years immediately following the Olympics to meet the expected bookings to meet upkeep expenses. In the years leading up to the games, funds were shifted from education and it has been estimated that the economic impact of the 2000 Olympics was that A$2.1 billion has been shaved from public consumption. Economic growth was not stimulated to a net benefit and in the years after 2000, in the years after the games, infrastructure issues have been of growing concern to citizens, especially those in the western suburbs of Sydney. Proposed rail links to Sydneys west have been estimated to cost in the order of magnitude as the public expenditure on the games. Although the Olympic Games Opening Ceremony was not scheduled until 15 September, among the pre-ceremony fixtures, host nation Australia lost 1–0 to Italy at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, which was the main stadium for the 1956 Melbourne Olympics. The opening ceremony began with a tribute to the Australian pastoral heritage of the Australian stockmen and it was produced and filmed by Sydney Olympic Broadcasting Organisation and the home nation broadcaster, Channel 7. This was introduced by a rider, Steve Jefferys

7.
Long-distance running
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Long-distance running, or endurance running, is a form of continuous running over distances of at least three kilometres. Physiologically, it is largely aerobic in nature and requires stamina as well as mental strength, among mammals, humans are well adapted for running significant distances, and particularly so among primates. The endurance running hypothesis suggests that running endurance in the Homo genus arose because travelling over large areas improved scavenging opportunities, the capacity for endurance running is also found in migratory ungulates and a limited number of terrestrial carnivores, such as dogs, wolves and hyenas. Long distance running can also be used as a means to improve cardiovascular health, Running improves aerobic fitness by increasing the activity of enzymes and hormones that stimulate the muscles and the heart to work more efficiently. Endurance running is often a component of military training and has been so historically. Professional running is most commonly found in the field of sports, long-distance running as a form of tradition or ceremony is known among the Hopi and Tarahumara people, among others. Distance running can also serve as an exercise for family, friends, colleagues. The social element of distance running has been linked with improved performance, in the sport of athletics, long-distance events are defined as races covering three kilometres and above. The three most common types are track running, road running and cross country running, all of which are defined by their terrain – all-weather tracks, roads and natural terrain, respectively. In collegiate cross country races in the United States, men race 8000 or 10000 meters, depending on their division, the Summer Olympics features three long-distance running events, the 5000 metres,10,000 metres and marathon. Since the late 1980s, Kenyans, Moroccans and Ethiopians have dominated in major international long-distance competitions, in this method, the hunter would run at a slow and steady pace between one hour and a few days, in an area where the animal has no place to hide. The Old Testament has a few mentions of messengers running to deliver messages, for example, in 2 Samuel 18, two runners, Ahimaaz son of Zadok and a Cushite run to deliver King David the message of the death of his son Absalom. Running messengers are reported from early Sumer, were named lasimu as military men as well as the officials who disseminated documents throughout the kingdom by running. Ancient Greece was famous for its running messengers, who were named hemerodromoi and he collapsed and died as he delivered the message “we won”.2 miles /42.195 km is based on this legend. Humans are considered among the best distance runners among all running animals, game animals are faster over short distances, but they have less endurance than humans. Unlike other primates whose bodies are designed to walk on four legs or climb trees and this leads to different bone and muscular demands especially in the legs and pelvis. Dissipation of metabolic heat, humans’ ability to cool the body by sweating through the surface provides many advantages over panting through the mouth or nose. These include a surface of evaporation and independence of the respiratory cycle

8.
Gebre Gebremariam
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Gebregziabher Gebremariam is an Ethiopian long-distance runner. He established himself at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, winning the title in 2002. He represented Ethiopia over 5000 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics, taking fourth place and he was the 2009 World Champion in cross country. He made his debut at the 2010 New York City Marathon and won the race in a time of 2,08,14. He was third at the Boston Marathon in 2011 with a personal best of 2,04,53 hours and he is married to long-distance runner Werknesh Kidane. At the 2002 World Junior Championships Gebregziabher Gebremariam won the 10,000 metres and he also won the World Junior Championships in cross country running. The following year he made his first impact on the scene by finishing third at the 1st IAAF World Athletics Final. He was selected for the Ethiopian Summer Olympic 5000 metres team along with Kenenisa Bekele and Dejene Berhanu, Gebremariam finished sixth in the 10,000 metres at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka. In October 2008 he made his debut in the half marathon and he won gold at the 2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. He finished tenth in the race at the 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. He was victorious at the Peachtree Road Race in June, just pipping Peter Kirui at the finish and he scored his second road win of the month at the Falmouth Road Race, beating Wilson Kwambai Chebet just at the finish. Former world junior silver medallist Matthew Kisorio bested him at the Philadelphia Half Marathon, however and he won the 2010 New York City Marathon on his debut over the distance with a time of 2,08,14. Among his competitors was Haile Gebrselassie, who dropped out mid-race, Gebremariam had encouraged his compatriot to stay in the race but the veteran responded I cant, Gebre, you have to go on. He paid his respects to the record holder after the race, saying Haile is a good guy. I have learned so many things from him and he entered the New York City Half Marathon the following March and was narrowly beaten at the line by Mo Farah. In April 2011, he finished third in the 2011 Boston Marathon with a time of 2,04,53 hours and this was among the fastest ever times for the marathon, but it was recorded on a downhill circuit. He ran at Bostons first B. A. A, 10K race in June and finished second behind Geoffrey Mutai, a finish which he and Mutai repeated at the Giro di Castelbuono a month later. He returned to defend his title at the 2011 New York City Marathon, at the 2012 Boston Marathon he faltered in warm temperatures and ended the race in 14th place with a time of 2,22,56 hours

9.
Sileshi Sihine
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Sileshi Sihine is an Ethiopian long-distance runner. He also picked up a medal in the 5000 m at the 2005 World Championships. Sileshi began running at school, inspired by the achievements of his compatriot Haile Gebrselassie and he established himself as a competent cross country runner with consecutive wins at the Cross Internacional de Venta de Baños in 2002 and 2003. Sileshi Sihine was one of the three Ethiopians, along with Kenenisa Bekele and Haile Gebrselassie who swept the gold, silver and he took the 10,000 m gold at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games. He won a medal in the 10,000 m at the 2004 Athens Olympics. Sileshi won the medal in the 10,000 m behind Kenenisa Bekele. He was third in the 2004 World Cross Country Championships and 2nd behind Kenenisa Bekele in 2006 World Cross Country Championships, at the 2007 World Championships Sileshi took the silver medal in the 10,000 m, again finishing behind Bekele. The following year he yet again took a silver medal behind his countryman Bekele at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing and he attempted his first marathon race at the 2011 Amsterdam Marathon, but dropped out after 36 km. In February 2015, he was elected president of the newly formed Ethiopian Athletes’ Association, Sileshi Sihine is married to three-time Olympic champion athlete Tirunesh Dibaba. Their wedding was broadcast live on national television, all information taken from IAAF profile. Sileshi Sihine profile at IAAF IAAF Focus on Athletes article

10.
Kenenisa Bekele
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Kenenisa Bekele, an Ethiopian long-distance runner, is the current world record and Olympic record in both the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres events. He won a double at the 2008 Summer Olympics in these events and he is married to Danawit Gebregziabher and has one brother Tariku Bekele. He is the most accomplished runner in IAAF World Cross Country Championships history, with six long course and he won the 10,000 m title at the World Championships in Athletics four times running from 2003 to 2009. Kenenisa was unbeaten over 10,000 m from his debut in 2003 until 2011, at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics he became the first man to win both 5000 m and 10,000 m title at the same championships. Over 5000 m he has won an Olympic silver, World Championship bronze. He also won the 3000 metres title at the World Indoor Championships in 2006, Kenenisa is considered one of the greatest distance runners of all time, owning several world records and an array of medals. On 6 April 2014, he produced the sixth fastest marathon debut ever on a record eligible course with his victory at the Paris Marathon, in a course record time of 2,05,04. On 25 September 2016, Bekele won the 2016 Berlin Marathon in a time of 2,03,03 which set a new personal best time for him at the Marathon distance and he is the older brother of Tariku Bekele, also an accomplished world-class distance runner. Kenenisa was born in 1982 at Bekoji, Ethiopia, the town as the Dibaba sisters. In August 2001 he set a new 3000 metres world record,7,30.67 minutes in Brussels. The record lasted for three and a half years, being broken by Augustine Choge with a run of 7,28.78 minutes, in December 2000 and 2001 Kenenisa wins the 15k roadrace Montferland Run in the Netherlands. For five years in a row, from 2002 through 2006, in 2004, he broke the world records for the indoor 5000 m, outdoor 5000 m and outdoor 10,000 m. Again in Lausanne on 1 July 2003, Kenenisa recorded a 200 m segment during the last lap in 24 seconds, Kenenisa has faced his mentor Haile Gebrselassie twice in road competition, once in cross country, and six times on the track. Kenenisas outstanding track career led to his involvement in a project to break the barrier for the marathon. On 4 January 2005, Kenenisas fiancee, 18-year-old Alem Techale, although it was initially stated that no autopsy was performed, Alem and Kenenisas manager, Jos Hermens, later said that an autopsy had revealed nothing conclusive about the young womans death. She was the 2003 World Youth Champion in the 1500 metres, over the next several weeks following Alems death, Kenenisa grieved. Such confusion was presumed to have been caused by his grief, a few weeks later he lost to fellow Ethiopian Markos Geneti over two miles. In March, Kenenisa faced his toughest challenge yet, despite his grief and recent losses on the track, he lined up to defend his long and short course titles at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships

11.
Tirunesh Dibaba
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Tirunesh Dibaba also known as Tirunesh Dibaba Kenene is an Ethiopian long distance track athlete and the outdoor 5000 metres world record holder. She is the current World champion and she has won in total eight world track titles and five world cross country titles. She is nicknamed the Baby Faced Destroyer, born in the village of Bekoji, Tirunesh was the 4th of 6 children, and began doing athletics at the age of 14. She was raised in the high-altitude Arsi Province in Ethiopia, but has lived in the capital, Addis Ababa, Tirunesh and Genzebe are the only siblings in recorded history to hold concurrent world records. Their cousin is 1992 and 2000 10000m Olympic champion Derartu Tulu, Tiruneshs first fully international outdoor track event was the 2001 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. Running at the age of 15 in womens race, she finished 5th. She won the 5000 m silver medal at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, Tirunesh had great success in the world championships athletics events of 2003,2005 and 2007. In 2003, Tirunesh won the 5000 m in a sprint finish against Marta Dominguez of Spain and she became the youngest athlete ever to win an individual gold medal at the World Championships. So little was known about her that during this race British commentators Steve Cram and she became the only woman to win back-to-back 10,000 m titles. In Osaka, Tirunesh won with a time of 31,55.41, at the 2004 Olympics in Athens, Tirunesh was beaten into third place by Meseret Defar of Ethiopia and Isabella Ochichi of Kenya in 5000 m event. The result was considered by some to be a disappointment but at 19, in 2006 she won five out of six Golden League events in the same season, which earned her a total of $83,333. From 2007, there was just one race in each category, Tirunesh won the silver in the womens race at Mombasa in 2007 and the gold at Edinburgh in 2008. Tirunesh is known to have a rivalry with Meseret Defar. A major feature of Tiruneshs running style is a sprint finish. During the final lap of the 10,000 m in 2005, at the Oslo Golden League 2008 meeting Tirunesh set a new world record in the 5000 metres, running the distance in a time of 14,11.15. The new Olympic record was also the second fastest 10,000 metres of all time, the previous African record was held by Berhane Adere, set at the 2003 World Championships. One week later on August 22,2008, she won the 5000 metres by beating the gold medalist Meseret Defar. Tirunesh finished the race in 15,41.40 and she was named 2008 Track & Field News Athlete of the Year

12.
Fun run
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A fun run is a friendly race that involves either road running or cross country running with participants taking part for their own enjoyment rather than competition. A fun run will usually be held to raise funds for a charity, fun runs can include novelty categories, such as wearing costumes, and age categories for child, teen, and mature. Fun runs can also be included as an event to a marathon or other more serious races. Motorcycle, snowmobile, and other motorized vehicle events are sometimes categorized as fun runs. One of the biggest annual fun runs in Europe is la Cursa El Corte Inglés in Barcelona with about 55000 participants

13.
Total S.A.
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Total S. A. is a French multinational integrated oil and gas company and one of the seven Supermajor oil companies in the world. Total is also a large scale chemicals manufacturer, Total is a major player in solar energy with SunPower and Total Solar. Total has its office in the Tour Total in La Défense district in Courbevoie. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, at Poincarés behest, Col. Ernest Mercier with the support of ninety banks and companies founded Total on 28 March 1924, as the Compagnie française des pétroles, literally the French Petroleum Company. Petroleum was seen as vital in the case of a new war with Germany, the French governments stake in TPC was transferred to CFP, and the Red Line agreement in 1928 rearranged the shareholding of CPF in TPC to 23. 75%. The company from the start was regarded as a private company in view of its listing on the Paris Stock Exchange in 1929. The company during the 1930s was engaged in exploration and production and its first refinery began operating in Normandy in 1933. After World War II, CFP engaged in oil exploration in Venezuela, Canada, Exploration in Algeria, then a French colony, began in 1946, with Algeria becoming a leading source of oil in the 1950s. In 1954, CFP introduced its downstream product – Total brand of gasoline in the African continent and Europe. In 1980, Total Petroleum Ltd. a company controlled 50% by CFP and this purchase gave Total refining capacity, transportation, and a network of 350 service stations in 20 states. The company renamed itself Total CFP in 1985, to build on the popularity of its gasoline brand, later in 1991, the name was changed to Total, when it became a public company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Meanwhile, Total continued to expand its presence in North America under several brand names. In 1989, Denver, Colorado, based Total Petroleum, Total CFPs North American unit, purchased 125 Road Runner retail locations from Texarkana, by 1993, Total Petroleum was operating 2,600 retail stores under the Vickers, Apco, Road Runner, and Total brands. That year, the company began remodeling and rebranding all of its North American gasoline, only four years later, Total sold its North American refining and retail operations to Ultramar Diamond Shamrock for $400 million in stock and $414 million in assumed debt. After Totals takeover of Petrofina of Belgium in 1999, it known as Total Fina. Afterwards it also acquired Elf Aquitaine, first named TotalFinaElf after the merger in 2000, it was later renamed back to Total on 6 May 2003. During that rebranding, the current globe logo was unveiled, in 2003, Total signed for a 30% stake in the gas exploration venture in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – South Rub al-Khali joint venture along with Royal Dutch Shell and Saudi Aramco. The stake was bought out by its partners

14.
Toyota
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Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. In March 2014, the corporation consisted of 338,875 employees worldwide and. As of 2016, Toyota is the worlds second-largest automotive manufacturer behind German Volkswagen Group, Toyota was the worlds first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year which it has done since 2012, when it also reported the production of its 200-millionth vehicle. As of July 2014, Toyota was the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization, Toyota is the worlds market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles, and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe. Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017 and its Prius family is the worlds top selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide as of January 2017. The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937, as a spinoff from his fathers company Toyota Industries to create automobiles. Three years earlier, in 1934, while still a department of Toyota Industries, it created its first product, the Type A engine, and, in 1936, its first passenger car, the Toyota AA. Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands, including the Toyota brand, Hino, Lexus, Ranz, TMC is part of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. Toyota is headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, the main headquarters of Toyota is located in a 4-story building in Toyota. As of 2006, the office has the Toyopet Toyota logo. Vinod Jacob from The Hindu described the headquarters building as modest. In 2013, company head Akio Toyoda reported that it had difficulties retaining foreign employees at the due to the lack of amenities in the city. Its Tokyo office is located in Bunkyo, Tokyo and its Nagoya office is located in Nakamura-ku, Nagoya. In addition to manufacturing automobiles, Toyota provides financial services through its Toyota Financial Services division, since 1950, the two entities had existed as separate companies as a prerequisite for reconstruction in postwar Japan. Shoichiro Toyoda presided over Toyota Motor Sales in preparation for the consummation of the merger occurred in 1982. Shoichiro then succeeded his uncle Eiji as the President of the organization that then became known as Toyota Motor Corporation. Announced the appointment of board members, this was a first for the corporation. Additionally, Vice Chairman Takeshi Uchiyamada replaced Fujio Cho as chairman, Toyota is publicly traded on the Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Fukuoka, and Sapporo exchanges under company code TYO,7203

15.
Minute
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The minute is a unit of time or of angle. As a unit of time, the minute is equal to 1⁄60 of an hour, in the UTC time standard, a minute on rare occasions has 61 seconds, a consequence of leap seconds. As a unit of angle, the minute of arc is equal to 1⁄60 of a degree, although not an SI unit for either time or angle, the minute is accepted for use with SI units for both. The SI symbols for minute or minutes are min for time measurement, the prime is also sometimes used informally to denote minutes of time. In contrast to the hour, the minute does not have a historical background. What is traceable only is that it started being recorded in the Middle Ages due to the ability of construction of precision timepieces, however, no consistent records of the origin for the division as 1⁄60 part of the hour have ever been found, despite many speculations. Historically, the word comes from the Latin pars minuta prima. This division of the hour can be refined with a second small part. For even further refinement, the third remains in some languages, for example Polish and Turkish. The symbol notation of the prime for minutes and double prime for seconds can be seen as indicating the first, international System of Units Latitude and longitude Orders of magnitude Henry Campbell Black, Blacks Law Dictionary, 6th Edition, entry on Minute. West Publishing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota,1991

16.
Second
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The second is the base unit of time in the International System of Units. It is qualitatively defined as the division of the hour by sixty. SI definition of second is the duration of 9192631770 periods of the corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom. Seconds may be measured using a mechanical, electrical or an atomic clock, SI prefixes are combined with the word second to denote subdivisions of the second, e. g. the millisecond, the microsecond, and the nanosecond. Though SI prefixes may also be used to form multiples of the such as kilosecond. The second is also the unit of time in other systems of measurement, the centimetre–gram–second, metre–kilogram–second, metre–tonne–second. Absolute zero implies no movement, and therefore zero external radiation effects, the second thus defined is consistent with the ephemeris second, which was based on astronomical measurements. The realization of the second is described briefly in a special publication from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. 1 international second is equal to, 1⁄60 minute 1⁄3,600 hour 1⁄86,400 day 1⁄31,557,600 Julian year 1⁄, more generally, = 1⁄, the Hellenistic astronomers Hipparchus and Ptolemy subdivided the day into sixty parts. They also used an hour, simple fractions of an hour. No sexagesimal unit of the day was used as an independent unit of time. The modern second is subdivided using decimals - although the third remains in some languages. The earliest clocks to display seconds appeared during the last half of the 16th century, the second became accurately measurable with the development of mechanical clocks keeping mean time, as opposed to the apparent time displayed by sundials. The earliest spring-driven timepiece with a hand which marked seconds is an unsigned clock depicting Orpheus in the Fremersdorf collection. During the 3rd quarter of the 16th century, Taqi al-Din built a clock with marks every 1/5 minute, in 1579, Jost Bürgi built a clock for William of Hesse that marked seconds. In 1581, Tycho Brahe redesigned clocks that displayed minutes at his observatory so they also displayed seconds, however, they were not yet accurate enough for seconds. In 1587, Tycho complained that his four clocks disagreed by plus or minus four seconds, in 1670, London clockmaker William Clement added this seconds pendulum to the original pendulum clock of Christiaan Huygens. From 1670 to 1680, Clement made many improvements to his clock and this clock used an anchor escapement mechanism with a seconds pendulum to display seconds in a small subdial

17.
Berhane Adere
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Berhane Adere Debala is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specialises in the 10,000 metres and the half marathon. She was world champion over 10,000 m in 2003, Berhane works for UNICEF as a goodwill ambassador for girls education. Berhane held the African record for 10,000 metres in a time of 30,04.18, set at the 2003 World Championships, the African record was broken at the 2008 Olympics by Tirunesh Dibaba, who became the first African to run under 30 minutes. Berhane won the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 2002, and she was the gold medallist over 3000 metres at the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships She won the 2006 Chicago Marathon with a personal best time of 2,20,42. She won the Chicago Marathon again in 2007 and the Dubai Marathon on 18 January 2008, Berhane also won the 2007 Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon. She saw off a challenge from Ana Dulce Félix to win at the Great North Run in September, in 2012 she had two races, both in October in Britain, where she was runner-up at the Great Birmingham Run and third at the Great South Run. Berhane Adere profile at IAAF Berhane Adere in the marathon in Rotterdam 2007 Cheering Adere From The Back - From Ethiopian Running Blog

18.
Gebregziabher Gebremariam
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Gebregziabher Gebremariam is an Ethiopian long-distance runner. He established himself at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships, winning the title in 2002. He represented Ethiopia over 5000 metres at the 2004 Summer Olympics, taking fourth place and he was the 2009 World Champion in cross country. He made his debut at the 2010 New York City Marathon and won the race in a time of 2,08,14. He was third at the Boston Marathon in 2011 with a personal best of 2,04,53 hours and he is married to long-distance runner Werknesh Kidane. At the 2002 World Junior Championships Gebregziabher Gebremariam won the 10,000 metres and he also won the World Junior Championships in cross country running. The following year he made his first impact on the scene by finishing third at the 1st IAAF World Athletics Final. He was selected for the Ethiopian Summer Olympic 5000 metres team along with Kenenisa Bekele and Dejene Berhanu, Gebremariam finished sixth in the 10,000 metres at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka. In October 2008 he made his debut in the half marathon and he won gold at the 2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. He finished tenth in the race at the 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. He was victorious at the Peachtree Road Race in June, just pipping Peter Kirui at the finish and he scored his second road win of the month at the Falmouth Road Race, beating Wilson Kwambai Chebet just at the finish. Former world junior silver medallist Matthew Kisorio bested him at the Philadelphia Half Marathon, however and he won the 2010 New York City Marathon on his debut over the distance with a time of 2,08,14. Among his competitors was Haile Gebrselassie, who dropped out mid-race, Gebremariam had encouraged his compatriot to stay in the race but the veteran responded I cant, Gebre, you have to go on. He paid his respects to the record holder after the race, saying Haile is a good guy. I have learned so many things from him and he entered the New York City Half Marathon the following March and was narrowly beaten at the line by Mo Farah. In April 2011, he finished third in the 2011 Boston Marathon with a time of 2,04,53 hours and this was among the fastest ever times for the marathon, but it was recorded on a downhill circuit. He ran at Bostons first B. A. A, 10K race in June and finished second behind Geoffrey Mutai, a finish which he and Mutai repeated at the Giro di Castelbuono a month later. He returned to defend his title at the 2011 New York City Marathon, at the 2012 Boston Marathon he faltered in warm temperatures and ended the race in 14th place with a time of 2,22,56 hours

19.
Abebe Dinkesa
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Abebe Dinkesa Negera is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specializes in the 10,000 metres. He came to prominence with a medal at the 2004 African Championships in Athletics. He is the fifth fastest ever over the 10,000 m with a best time of 26,30.74 set in 2005 and he was fourth at the 2005 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and also represented Ethiopia at the World Championships in Athletics later that year. An Achilles tendon problem ruled him out entirely in 2007 and affected his later performances and he won the African Mountain Running Championships at the Obudu Ranch Race in 2010. He also competes in road running competitions, having won at the BOclassic and his first outing at a major event was at the 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. He finished ninth in the race and shared the team silver medal alongside race winner Gebregziabher Gebremariam. Two years later he began making an impact in the ranks by winning the silver medal in the 10,000 metres at the 2004 African Championships in Athletics behind Charles Kamathi. He was selected to represent Ethiopia at the 2004 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and he fared better the following month as he helped his country to victory at the International Chiba Ekiden in Japan and then won at the Great Ethiopian Run in a course record time. Dinkesa ended the year with a win at the Iris Lotto Cross Cup in Belgium and he elevated himself to the fifth fastest 10,000 m runner of all-time at the FBK Games in Hengelo, completing the distance in a time of 26,30.74. He also ran at the 2005 IAAF World Athletics Final, finishing ninth over 5000 metres, at the end of the year he retained his title at the Lotto Cross Cup and won the 10K race at the BOclassic in Bolzano. He won the 2006 Cross Internacional de Itálica but his season was interrupted by typhoid fever and he recovered and won the 10,000 m bronze medal at the 2006 African Championships in Athletics. At the end of the year and went on to win the Cross Internacional de Venta de Baños in Spain and he was absent from competition for the 2007 season due to an Achilles injury. He returned at the 2008 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, but was far from his top form and his performance at the 2008 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships marked a return to fitness as he took seventh place. He won the Obudu Ranch International Mountain Race in 2008 and his record breaking performance earned him US$50,000. Dinkesa took a victory over major rivals at the Great Edinburgh Cross Country in January the following year, beating Zersenay Tadese and he missed out on qualification for that years Cross Country Championships but he did gain selection for the 2009 World Championships in Athletics. He competed in the 10,000 m, but he failed to finish the race and he finished third at the Obudu Race in December, which was also the first African Mountain Running Championships. He won the African title in 2010, holding off a challenge from Habtamu Fikadu and he began his 2011 season at the Egmond Half Marathon and he came third overall. 3000 metres -7,53.7 min 5000 metres -12,55.58 min 10,000 metres -26,30.74 min Half marathon -1,01,53 hrs Abebe Dinkesa profile at IAAF

20.
Deriba Merga
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Deriba Merga Ejigu is an Ethiopian long-distance runner. He mainly competes in the marathon and he finished fourth in that event at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and went on to win the Boston Marathon the following year. His personal best for the distance is 2,06,38 hours and he also competes in half marathon races and his time of 59,14 minutes in 2008 was the fastest that year. He won the 2006 Paris Half Marathon and took the medal at the 2007 All-Africa Games a year later. He was born in the Welega Province west of Addis Ababa, Merga made his international debut in 2006, winning the Paris Half Marathon in a time of 60,45. Later that year, he finished sixth at the 2006 IAAF World Road Running Championships, in December that year he won the Montferland Run 15 km race in a course record time of 42,48. He took the marathon gold medal at the 2007 All-Africa Games but just missed out on a medal at the 2007 IAAF World Road Running Championships. He made his debut at the Fukuoka Marathon in December 2007. He opened 2008 with a win at the Worlds Best 10K in Puerto Rico and he finished sixth at London in April that year, running a personal best of 2,06,38. In August, he finished fourth in the Olympic marathon, after being passed by teammate Tsegay Kebede in the final 400 m, later in the year he won the Delhi Half Marathon, and defended his title in 2009. In May 2009, he sped to victory at the World 10K Bangalore, Merga won the Chevron Houston Marathon in 2,07,52, setting a course record in the process. He was disappointed, however, having wanted to run a 2,05, three months later, Merga won the 113th Boston Marathon on April 20,2009, with a time of 2,08,42. Merga endured a very fast start and made a break for the finish. In May, he ran a 27,23 10k in Ottawa, Merga set his sights on defending his title at the 2010 Boston Marathon and upped the race tempo around the 18-mile mark. He moved away from the pack but was followed by Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot, Merga faded in the final stages and ended up in third place. He returned to defend his crown at the World 10K Bangalore in May, later that month he ran at the Ottawa 10K and was third in a time of 28,41, finishing behind the pacemaker, Lelisa Desessa, who continued for the victory. He set a record of 1,02,31 at the Bogota Half Marathon in August, easily seeing off the more favoured Zersenay Tadese. He entered the Chuncheon Marathon in October as the provisional favourite and he headed to the Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon soon after and immediately assumed the lead in the race, running a world best for 8 km and winning the event in a time of 59,25 minutes

21.
Tsegaye Kebede
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Tsegaye Kebede Wordofa is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in road running events, including marathons. He quickly rose to become a prominent distance runner after his debut at the Amsterdam Marathon in 2007. In his second year of running, he won the Paris Marathon. He retained his Fukuoka Marathon title at the end of 2009 and he won the 2010 London Marathon – his first World Marathon Major – and the 2013 London Marathon. Tsegaye Kebede was brought up as part of a family, the fifth child of thirteen. He ate one meal a day and had to every day to earn around 2.50 Ethiopian birr. He began running for pleasure as an 8-year old and, after competing at a marathon in Addis Ababa in 2006. He attended a 10 km time trial session with the group in the days, and he beat all runners with the exception of Deriba Merga. He won the Abebe Bikila International Marathon a few months later and his first marathon race abroad was the 2007 Amsterdam Marathon and he finished eighth with a new personal best of 2,08,16. This time and finish established him among Ethiopias top marathon runners—Haile Gebrselassie, keen to establish himself, he looked towards obtaining a spot on the Ethiopian 2008 Olympic team for the marathon race. He took second place behind Patrick Makau Musyoki at the Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon with a time of 59,35, a personal best. A win at the Paris Marathon in April improved his chances of selection and he finished third in the World 10K Bangalore race the following month, setting a best of 28,10 over the distance. Haile Gebrselassie stated that he did not intend to compete in the Beijing Olympics, meaning that Kebede and this raised him in the rankings to the twelfth fastest ever marathon runner at the time. He remained in form the following year, he set a new personal best of 2,05,20 at the 2009 London Marathon. This elevated him into the top ten in the all-time marathon lists and he improved his best further at the end of that year, winning the Fukuoka International Marathon for a second time. He finished the race in 2,05,18, a new course record, at the 2010 London Marathon, he set his sights on beating the defending champion Samuel Wanjiru. Wanjiru dropped out at 20 km, however, and Kebede saw off a challenge from Abel Kirui at the 30 km mark, the 2010 Chicago Marathon in October provided a much closer battle with Wanjiru. Kebede closely followed the pacemakers and repeatedly surged ahead of the field

22.
Azmeraw Bekele
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Azmeraw Bekele Molalign is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in road running and cross country running competitions. He first came to prominence in 2010, which began with a cross country season. Representing the Federal Prisons team, he won at the Sululta Cross Country, and then took a surprise victory at the Jan Meda Cross Country, which served as the national selection event for the 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. At the world event he finished in 21st position, helping the Ethiopian mens team to the bronze medal, later that season, he switched his focus to road events and won the Corrida de Langueux 10K in 28,13 minutes. He won the national 30 km championships at the end of October and he returned to France the following week and made his marathon debut, finishing as runner-up at the Marathon De La Rochelle with a time of 2,10,25 hours. He was also the runner-up at the Prague Half Marathon three weeks later and he claimed his first national title on the track at the 40th Ethiopian Athletics Championships, defeating Dino Sefer in the 10,000 metres. He ran at the Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale and was leading mid-race, upon realising his error, he began running again but the stoppage had allowed Atsede Tsegay to take the lead and he ended up in second place. At the 2012 RAK Half Marathon he started the race slowly, 10K -27,43 minutes Half marathon -59,39 minutes Marathon -2,07,12 hours Azmeraw Bekele profile at IAAF Tilastopaja profile

23.
Hagos Gebrhiwet
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Hagos Gebrhiwet Berhe is an Ethiopian long-distance runner and current World Junior Record holder in the 5000 meters. Born in the Tigray Region, he took up running seriously in 2010.11 minutes, hagos noted that his first national selection had helped him develop his running and he went on to win the junior title at the Ethiopian Clubs Cross Country, competing for Mesfin Engineering. His first major win came soon after, as he took the title at the San Silvestre Vallecana 10 km race in Spain and he defeated Spains top distance runners and edged Teklemariam Medhin at the line in a personal best time of 27,57 minutes. He came fourth in the section of the 2012 African Cross Country Championships. Hagos made his debut on American soil at the Boston Indoor Games, still 17 years old, he was runner-up to World medallist Dejen Gebremeskel at the Carlsbad 5000. His time of 13,14 minutes was the fastest 5K road time ever for a junior athlete. He performed well on the circuit, coming runner-up at the Bislett Games. He was selected for the Ethiopian Olympic team and came eleventh in the 5000 m Olympic final and he ended the year with a win at the Great Ethiopian Run in Addis Ababa. In February 2013, he set a new world record in the 3000 m by winning the New Balance Indoor Grand Prix, beating Dejen Gebremeskel. In March 2013 he won the world cross country title in Bydgoszcz. At the 2013 World Championships in Athletics in Moscow, Gebriwhet won the medal in the 5000 m. He leaned at the line to beat Kenyan Isaiah Koech. In March 2014, Gebrhiwet finished fifth in the 3000 m at the 2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships in a time of 7,56.34

24.
Aberu Kebede
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Aberu Kebede Shewaye is an Ethiopian long distance runner who specializes in road running competitions. Her half marathon best of 1,07,39 is one of the fastest ever by an Ethiopian woman and she gained a bronze at the 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships with the performance and has won at the Berlin Marathon, Stramilano Half Marathon and the Rotterdam Marathon. She has a marathon best of 2,20,30 hours, born in Shewa, Ethiopia, she made her first appearances in cross country running. She was fourth at the 2008 Women First 5K in Addis Ababa and she won the Stramilano Half Marathon in April 2009 and, pleased at having set a course record and personal best of 1,08,43, she turned her attention to the Ethiopian Championships. She scored a national title in the 10,000 metres at the Ethiopian Athletics Championships in May, beating Mamitu Daska, later that month, she ran at the World 10K Bangalore and was beaten by a few seconds, eventually finishing in third. She improved her 10,000 m best in Utrecht in June and she was selected for the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, but ultimately did not compete. Aberu ran at the Womens 5K Challenge in London and took again in another close finish. Running at her first senior championships, she led with Mary Keitany for much of the 2009 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships, eventually Keitany broke away and Aberu ended up with a bronze after losing out on a sprint finish against Philes Ongori. Still, she managed to improve her best to a time of 1,07,39 and this time made her the second fastest Ethiopian woman over the distance after Dire Tune. In November, she finished in 1,07,59 for third at the Delhi Half Marathon, Aberu opened the year with a debut over the marathon distance. At the Dubai Marathon she was beaten by Mamitu Daska to the US$250,000 prize pot and she made a strong start to the 2010 Rotterdam Marathon and never relinquished the lead, winning in a time of 2,25,25. She led the Berlin Marathon with a performance, beating fellow Ethiopian Bezunesh Bekele to win the race. She set a new best time of 2,23,58 and ran the half of the race faster than her first. She was out-done in a sprint finish at the Delhi Half Marathon in November and she topped the podium at the 2011 Lisbon Half Marathon, beating Ana Dulce Felix to the line. At that years London Marathon she was among the leading runners but was overtaken by a number of rivals in the latter stages and ended up in ninth place. The 2012 Dubai Marathon saw her run a personal best of 2,20,33 to move into the top twenty fastest women ever, although the high quality of the race meant she finished in fifth place overall. A sixth-place finish at the 2012 London Marathon followed and she missed out on a spot on the Olympic team with her run of 31,09.28 for fifth at the 10,000 m trial at the Prefontaine Classic. She topped the podium at the 2012 Berlin Marathon and reduced her personal best by three further seconds and her year ended with wins at the Great Ethiopian Run and the Ethiopian Clubs Cross Country Championships

25.
Mamitu Daska
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Mamitu Daska Molisa, also known as Mamitu Deska, is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specialises in road running events, including the marathon. She is a team silver medallist at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She has won the Dubai Marathon and Houston Marathon and has a personal best of 2,21,59 hours for the distance, Mamitu Daska was born in Liteshoa in Ethiopias Oromia Region. She gained representation with Elite Sports Management International in 2006 and began competing in races in Spain that year. She won her first races the year, taking the Route du Vin Half Marathon title. Among her other outings that year, she was runner-up at the 20 kilomètres de Maroilles, third at the Parkersburg Half Marathon and fourth places at the 20 Kilomètres de Paris and Falmouth Road Race. Running for Oromia Police, she was sixth at the Jan Meda Cross Country in February 2008 – a finish which gained her selection for the 2009 IAAF World Cross Country Championships. She finished twelfth at the event held in Amman and she was part of the silver medal-winning Ethiopian womens team. She travelled to the United States in May and won the Bolder Boulder 10K and was second at the Freihofers Run for Women. That August she won the 7-mile Falmouth race and set a personal best at the New York City Half Marathon, coming in second place behind Paula Radcliffe in a time of 1,11,04 hours. Mamitu made her debut over the distance in September and performed well. More improvements came at the Delhi Half Marathon, where she finished the race in 68,07 minutes for fourth place and she ended the year with a win at the Obudu Ranch International Mountain Race in Nigeria. Mamitu began 2010 with a career best run of 2,24,19 hours to take a victory on her second outing over the distance – her win at the Dubai Marathon earned her $250,000 in prize money. Her road success translated to cross country as she came second at the Ethiopian championship behind Meselech Melkamu, at the 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Poland in March she improved upon her performance from the previous year, coming eighth and again taking the team silver with Ethiopia. She turned to the American road circuit later that year and won the Bolder Boulder, was the runner-up at the Lilac Bloomsday Run, and had podium finishes at the Bay to Breakers and Freihofers 5K. She was invited as one of the elite womens runners at the 2010 Chicago Marathon and was sixth in a time of 2,28,29 hours, as in 2010, she closed her year at the Obudu Race and was second on this occasion. She posted a time of 2,26,33 hours to win the Houston Marathon in January 2011 and she was runner-up at both the Bolder Boulder and the Bay to Breakers races, later going on to win for the first time at the Freihofers Run for Women. Her biggest achievement that year came at the Frankfurt Marathon, where she bettered the record by nearly 90 seconds with her time of 2,21,59 hours

26.
International Association of Athletics Federations
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The International Association of Athletics Federations is the international governing body for the sport of athletics. It was founded on 17 July 1912 as the International Amateur Athletic Federation by representatives from 17 national athletics federations at the organizations first congress in Stockholm, since October 1993, it has been headquartered in Monaco. Beginning in 1982, the IAAF passed several amendments to its rules to allow athletes to receive compensation for participating in international competitions. However, the organization retained the word amateur in its name until its 2001 congress, the IAAFs president is Sebastian Coe of the United Kingdom. He was elected at the 2015 congress before the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing, the process to found the IAAF was started at a meeting in Stockholm, Sweden on July 17,1912 soon after the completion of the 1912 Summer Olympics in that city. The congress that started on August 20,1913 in Berlin is when the foundation of the IAAF was formally completed, in 2015, a whistleblower leaked IAAFs blood test records from major competitions. After reviewing the results, Robin Parisotto, a scientist and leading anti-doping expert, said, so many athletes appear to have doped with impunity, and it is damning that the IAAF appears to have idly sat by and let this happen. Craig Reedie, president of the World Anti-Doping Agency, said his organisation was very disturbed by these new allegations, which will, once again, shake the foundation of clean athletes worldwide, and that its independent commission will investigate the claims. On 1 November 2015, former IAAF president Lamine Diack was arrested in France and is under investigation on suspicion of corruption, Diack allegedly accepted $1.2 million from the Russian athletics federation to cover up the positive doping tests of at least six Russian athletes in 2011. The report continued that the IAAF allowed the conduct to occur and must accept its responsibility and that corruption was embedded in the organization. In January 2016, as a result of the scandal and WADAs report. The BBC reported that as a result the IAAF would lose $33 million worth of revenue, the 11-year sponsorship deal with Adidas was due to run until 2019. World-record holding sprinter, Michael Johnson, described the scandal as more serious than that faced by FIFA, in February,2016, Nestle announced that it was ending its IAAF sponsorship. In June 2016, following a meeting of the IAAFs ruling council, in Ferbuary 2017, All-Russia Athletic Federation disqualified by decision of the IAAF Council for 8 years for the creation of a doping system. Since the establishment of the IAAF, it has had six presidents, The IAAF has a total of 215 member federations divided into 6 area associations

27.
Athletics Weekly
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Athletics Weekly is the worlds only weekly athletics magazine. The magazine was started as a monthly by PW Jimmy Green in 1945, with the first few issues produced from the bedroom of a bungalow in Kent which Green shared with his wife. With post-war paper rationing still in force, Green used a mixture of determination and devilment to launch the first and it was numbered Volume II Issue I, but this was a deliberate error to fool the government into thinking the magazine had existed before the war. There was, of course, never a Volume I. Green was also told by athletics, “I thanked them for their advice and completely ignored it. I was pig headed, ” said Green, greens magazine went weekly in January 1950, published on Fridays, and has never failed to come out since. Emap made some decisions that decreased the quality of the product. First, the editorial staff was not retained by Emap thus losing the experience. On top of this the editorial team had to deal with a publication date brought forward to Wednesdays, requiring a speedy. The result of decisions was that lucrative subscriptions were lost. By late 1989, one-third of sales had been lost and Keith Nelson, despite the sports continued successes through the 1990s and the ultimate demise of its rival in 1993, Athletics Weekly struggled in vain to regain its reputation for comprehensiveness and accuracy. Descartes kept the title in Peterborough and went on to purchase the title outright in 2003, in February 2005 the magazine was awarded Sports BrandLeader status and in December 2005 Athletics Weekly celebrated its 60th birthday with a charity calendar and a special 100 page edition. In 2010 the AW app was relaunched for the iPad, in January 2010, the magazine celebrated 60 years as a weekly magazine. In May 2010, ownership of the passed to a new company Athletics Weekly Limited. In 2015 the magazine was bought by The Great Run Company, wendy Sly is managing director of the Great Run Publishing team. Athletics Weekly website AW digital edition Athletics Weekly iPhone/iPad app Athletics Data website Power of 10 website

28.
Great Winter Run
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The Great Edinburgh International Cross Country is an annual cross country running competition that takes place every January in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is one of the competitions in the Great Run series of events and is held alongside the Great Winter Run 5 kilometres mass participation race. The event was first held in Edinburgh in 2005 after the city was awarded the Great North Cross Country which relocated from Durham, the Great Edinburgh International Cross Country features three professional races, the mens 8 km race, the womens 6 km race, and the 4x1km relay. It is an IAAF permit meeting, which means that performances can be used to qualify for the annual IAAF World Cross Country Championships, the grassy, occasionally muddy, course in Holyrood Park runs in a circular, clockwise pattern. The same venue was used to host the 2003 European Cross Country Championships and it has had relatively difficult routes in the past, with runners twice having to climb and descend Haggis Knowe in 2009. The meeting is broadcast by the BBC annually, and it has received sponsorship from VisitScotland Bupa, a new team competition format was introduced for the 2011 event. The four teams assembled were Great Britain, Europe, the United States, britains Mo Farah won the race but the Europeans, featuring all the reigning European Cross medallists, won the overall team challenge. Garrett Heath had three wins in the mens race from 2014 to 2016. All information taken from official website

29.
Great Edinburgh International Cross Country
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The Great Edinburgh International Cross Country is an annual cross country running competition that takes place every January in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is one of the competitions in the Great Run series of events and is held alongside the Great Winter Run 5 kilometres mass participation race. The event was first held in Edinburgh in 2005 after the city was awarded the Great North Cross Country which relocated from Durham, the Great Edinburgh International Cross Country features three professional races, the mens 8 km race, the womens 6 km race, and the 4x1km relay. It is an IAAF permit meeting, which means that performances can be used to qualify for the annual IAAF World Cross Country Championships, the grassy, occasionally muddy, course in Holyrood Park runs in a circular, clockwise pattern. The same venue was used to host the 2003 European Cross Country Championships and it has had relatively difficult routes in the past, with runners twice having to climb and descend Haggis Knowe in 2009. The meeting is broadcast by the BBC annually, and it has received sponsorship from VisitScotland Bupa, a new team competition format was introduced for the 2011 event. The four teams assembled were Great Britain, Europe, the United States, britains Mo Farah won the race but the Europeans, featuring all the reigning European Cross medallists, won the overall team challenge. Garrett Heath had three wins in the mens race from 2014 to 2016. All information taken from official website

30.
Great Ireland Run
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The Great Ireland Run is an annual 10-kilometre road running competition which is held in Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland in mid-April. It is part of the Great Run series of athletics competitions and it is sponsored by SPAR and features both an elite race and a popular race. The 10 km race course begins at Chesterfield Avenue and loops around in a circuit to finish on Furze Road. A2.5 km fun run for 8–15-year-old runners is also featured on the programme of events, over 11,000 people took part in the days events in 2010. The elite races in 2010 also doubled up as the Irish 10K Championships, the course record holders are both Ethiopian – Kenenisa Bekele with his 27, 49-minute run in 2012 and Meselech Melkamu with her record of 31,41 set in 2006. Key, Course record Irish championship race List of winners Race History

31.
Great Bristol Half Marathon
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The Great Bristol Half Marathon is an annual road running event held on the streets of Bristol, UK. The route is at sea level and starts on Anchor Road outside At-Bristol, the final mile and a half take place in the Old City and Bristol city centre before crossing the finish line back at Anchor Road. The runners village is located at Millennium Square, the 2016 event took place on 25 September. The half-marathon had been preceded locally by the Bristol Marathon, which was first run in 1982, in 2014, a new marathon was launched in Bristol. The inaugural event took place on 25 October 2015, the first Bristol Half Marathon was held in 1989, with just 1,000 runners competing. The event grew with 12,000 competitors in 2005,15,000 in 2006 and 16,000 in 2009, a figure around which the participation level has settled. In 2007 the race incorporated the UK Athletics team selection trial for the 2007 IAAF World Road Running Championships, the first fatality in the race occurred in 2011, when a male runner collapsed and died. On 14 December 2015, it was announced from 2016 the event, alongside sister event the Bristol 10k, would be organised by Great Run, in 2011 a business challenge was introduced, to stimulate participation by colleagues within Bristol companies. co. uk

32.
Great Manchester Run
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The Great Manchester Run established in 2003, is an annual 10-kilometre run through Greater Manchester and is the largest of its type in Europe. Usually held in mid-May, it is the third-largest mass participation running event in the United Kingdom, behind the Great North Run and the London Marathon. It is part of the Great Run series of races in the UK. It was formerly sponsored by Bupa and Morrisons, the course starts and finishes in Manchester city centre. It starts on Portland Street and heads southwest, out of the city centre, after entering Trafford it leaves this road and passes Old Trafford stadium. The course loops around Trafford Park, passing the Coronation Street set and it then returns to Manchester city centre along the Chester Road, finishing by the Beetham Tower in Deansgate. The 2007 race had an estimated 28,000 participants, briton Jo Pavey won the womens event while Kenyan Micah Kogo won the mens, beating the UK all-comers record by four seconds with a finishing time of 27,25 minutes. Celebrity participants included Kelly Holmes, Amir Khan and members of the cast of Coronation Street, the following year saw almost 25,000 runners complete the course. Pavey successfully defended her title at the event while Rose Cheruiyot and Bezunesh Bekele took second, austrian Günther Weidlinger took the title in the mens race. Unusual for a distance dominated by African runners, the top three finishers in the race were all European competitors. The race was upgraded to IAAF Gold Label Road Race status, around 33,000 runners signed up for the 10 kilometres race and both events were contested on 17 May. Previous 10 km winner Haile Gebrselassie stated that he wanted to regain his UK All-Comers record, despite a strong first half of the race, Gebrselassie failed to break the record after he was impeded by wet and windy conditions. Vivian Cheruiyot won the race in 32,01 minutes but conditions also slowed her time. Brian Alldis and Shelly Woods won their mens and womens wheelchair races. The addition of The Great City Games brought much attention to the Great Run event, comprising a number of 150 metres races to be run on the streets near Manchesters Deansgate, Olympic Champions Usain Bolt and Christine Ohuruogu accepted invitations to compete. Other competitors included Debbie Ferguson-McKenzie, Ivory Williams, British Olympians Marlon Devonish and Donna Fraser, Bolt suffered minor leg injuries after crashing his car near Kingston, Jamaica, but after cancelling a track meet and resuming training he stated that he would be fit to compete. Bolt completed the distance in a world best time of 14.35 seconds while Ferguson-McKenzie won the race in 16.54 seconds. Key, Course record General Tergat and Adere win inaugural Great Manchester Run, tadesse and Adere win, as numerous national 10km records fall in Manchester

33.
Great North 10K
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The Bupa Great North 10K is a 10K road run, which has been called the North Easts biggest 10K running event, with over 5,000 people taking part. It is part of the Great Run series and the number of participants is only outnumbered by the Great North Run, the race in its present format was first staged in Sunderland in 2009 but changed locations to Gateshead for the 2011 event. In 2013, the date was brought forward to become the running event partner of the 2013 European Team Championships. For three years commencing in 2006, a women-only 10K race was held at Roker along the coastline of Sunderland, when the race was opened up to allow for male competitors, it became known as the Great North 10K. The re-styled Great North 10K run first took place in mid July 2009 in Sunderland, Olympic bronze medallist Tony Jeffries set the competitors off. The event was televised and broadcast by Channel Five with repeats shown on various Sky Sports channels, the overall winner was Steve Mokoka, the champion half marathon runner from South Africa who completed the course in a time of twenty-nine minutes twenty seconds. Male competitors also gained second and third places in the form of Africans Tsegai Tewelde, however, the fastest times set in the womens section were all British runners with Kate Reed crossing the line first in thirty-three minutes twenty-two seconds. Hayley Haining was second and Rosemary Ryan from Ireland was third, the event was described in the Sunderland Echo newspaper as having an electric atmosphere together with perfect running conditions making it a huge hit. By 2010, it was only beaten numerically by the Great North Run as the biggest North East running event as the 10K race had increased in popularity, the event was gain televised by Channel Five and networked worldwide through the Sky Sports channel. An episode of the Street Barber was also filmed for the BBCs The One Show programme featuring celebrity hairdresser Michael Douglas who was offering to re-style some of the fun runners hairstyles. In 2011, it changed locations to the Gateshead International Stadium, together with Olympic medallist Brendan Foster, Gateshead Council had originally organised fun runs in late 1977, this is believed to have been the onset of these events in the north east. Three runners who had part in the 1977 race were guests of honour in 2013. The date of the run was brought forward in 2013 so that, for the first time, staged to coincide with the final day of the championships, the climax was described by Mick Henry, the Gateshead Council leader, as a fantastic weekend for sport in Gateshead. Mike McLeod, winner of the first Great North Runs in 1981 and 1982, participants are made up from fun-runners, many who are raising funds for charity, and competitive elite and club racers. The whole team from the Northern Division Premier League champions of Sunderland Womens Football Club took part in the run as a way of boosting their overall fitness. During the 2012 race,200 Gurkha soldiers, who were undertaking a 39 week training period at Catterick Garrison, joined the race, the Gurkhas were joined by fifty personnel from the Guards Training Company who competed for the first time in 2013. The Guards Training Company is also based at Catterick and has responsibility for the ITC Catterick Foot Guards Combat Infantrymans Course. In 2009 and 2010 when the event was staged in Sunderland, the competitors then turned back over the bridge to follow the coastline and return to the finishing line at the Stadium of Light

Gold medallist Nancy Johnson (centre) of the U.S., raises her hands with silver medallist Cho-Hyun Kang (left), of South Korea, and bronze winner Jing Gao (right), of China, during the first medal ceremony of the 2000 Olympic Games.