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Egypt

The Friday "return march" of November 16, 2018, was held under the shadow of the ceasefire that ended the most recent round of escalation. The events were attended by senior figures from Hamas, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) and other organizations. Senior Hamas figures and the organizers of the "return marches" said they were committed to obeying the Egyptian demand to distance the marchers from the security fence and stop the incendiary kites and balloons. Read more...

On Friday, November 9, 2018, another "return march" was held in the Gaza Strip along the border with Israel. About 10,000 Palestinians participated in the Friday march. There has been a decrease in the level of violence, apparently because this week as well Hamas kept demonstrators away from the security fence. Thus in the current situation, Israel enables fuel and money from Qatar to enter the Gaza Strip in return for a decrease in Hamas-sponsored violence, but not a complete cessation of violence. In ITIC assessment, as long as the "return marches" do not stop, there will be a fragile reduction in the violence from the Gaza Strip, occasionally accompanied by outbreaks of more serious violence. Read more...

Russian spokesmen and the Turkish foreign minister announced that the implementation of the Sochi Agreement was proceeding as planned, without significant interruptions. In ISIS’s former “capital” Al-Raqqah, which was taken over by the SDF about a year ago, ISIS has started increasing its activity. This week as well, showcase attacks continued in ISIS’s provinces outside Syria and Iraq Read more...

The "return march" events of this past Friday, October 19, 2018, were relatively less violent because Hamas was concerned about a response to the rocket fire attacking Israel. Thus despite the prevention of a military escalation after the rocket fire attack, the situation on the ground may still deteriorate as a consequence of the methodical violence orchestrated by Hamas. During visits of mediators from Egypt, Hamas leaders repeatedly declared that the "return marches" would continue until the "siege" of the Gaza Strip had been lifted. In Judea and Samaria stabbing attacks continue. Read more...

The establishment of the demilitarized zone in the Idlib region, which was agreed upon between Russia and Turkey at the Sochi summit, was not actually carried out on the ground (it was supposed to end on October 15, 2018). In eastern Syria, the SDF continues its offensive against the ISIS enclaves in the Euphrates Valley north of Albukamal, with the support of the United States and the Coalition. Read more...

Operatives of the National Liberation Front (which is affiliated with the Free Syrian Army and operates under the protection of Turkey and with its support) began implementing the Russian-Turkish agreement and withdrawing heavy weapons from the Idlib area, which has been declared a demilitarized zone. In the area to the north of Albukamal, SDF forces, with the help of International Coalition forces, continue to attack ISIS outposts. The center of the fighting was in the Al-Susah area. ISIS continues to threaten targets in European countries, this time focusing on concerts such as the May 2017 attack in Manchester, England. Read more...

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Egypt

Egypt (the Arab Republic of Egypt) is the most populous country in the Arab world, and the third most populous country in Africa. Egypt is located in the northeastern corner of Africa, on the Mediterranean coast in the north and on the Red Sea in the east. In the northeast, Egypt borders on Israel and the Gaza Strip, in the west, on Libya and in the south, on Sudan.

Relations between Israel and Egypt have undergone many upheavals over the years. These relations have gone from hostility and war through a peace treaty to the existence of full but chilly diplomatic relations. A dramatic development in the relations between the two countries occurred in November 1977 with the visit of then Egyptian President Anwar Sadat to Israel and his speech in the Knesset, Israel’s parliament. Two years after the visit, the peace treaty was signed. As part of this treaty, Israel withdrew from all of Sinai and the Israeli settlements that had been built there.

At the end of President Mubarak’s term in office, Egyptian security control in Sinai weakened. Thousands of tunnels between Sinai and Gaza were used for smuggling ammunition, missiles and weapons. The terrorist organizations began an attempt to destabilize the region by firing rockets from Sinai into Israel and Jordan. However, as long as stability in Egypt was maintained, the situation in Sinai remained relatively under control. After the coup in Egypt and the overthrow of Mubarak, the terrorist organizations in Sinai took advantage of the opportunity to undermine the security situation in the region and established the Sinai Province of the Islamic State, which Egyptian security forces are trying to fight. At the same time, relations between Egypt and the Hamas movement deteriorated, because Egypt perceives Hamas as an arm of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Hamas regime in the Gaza Strip is perceived as a source of subversion and terrorism directed at Egypt.