During Columbia's Center for Historical Social Sciences roundtable discussion, "Historical Reflections on September 11th," experts analyzed the historical impact of the September 11 attacks and how they are likely to alter future events and trends. Participants included Alan Brinkley, an expert in 20th century American history, Eric Foner, a specialist on the Civil War, slavery and 19th century America, and Ira Katznelson, an expert in political theory, race relations and urban politics. The roundtable was moderated by Karen Barkey and Anthony Marx, co-directors of the Center for the Historical Social Sciences.