From the above, you should be able to see that you can send adb commands from your machine to your Droid using the following:

CODE:adb -s [yourdeviceserialnumberhere] shell

The above will start an interactive shell from your machine, but running on your device. So if you "cd" to a directory, it will be on your device. Use "ls" or "ls -l" to see what is in the directory that your are currently in. NOTE: Runing the adb shell directly has gotten me nowhere as far as rooting the device, but its a good place to start learning.

Now for the fun part!! You can "pull" some data from your device using:

This will try and write all the files and folders from the "/system" directory on your Droid, to wherever you decide you want it on you machine.

I did the "pull" on a mac and I was able to get about 140mb of the data from the following directories on my Droid:

/dev
/proc
/sys
/system​

It both as an admin and a super user on the mac and I got about the same results. My Droid was in the regular boot mode. I have not tried booting into the restore or safe modes and tried a "pull" ... yet.