Terra Slicing Technology Overview.

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2 Contents What is Terra Slicing? How does a reservoir become damaged?How does Terra Slicing Repair Wellbore Damage?What is Directed Slice Fracturing?What Equipment is used in Terra Slicing?Benefits of Terra Slicing

6 Poor Pressure Regime Around the WellboreConventional drilling & completion technologies cause high pressure, low permeable area to form around the wellbore.Often conventional drilling & completion technologies also damage the near-wellbore zone.

7 Normal Stress RegimeFormations sustain two types of mechanical stress:vertical stresshorizontal stressThese stresses act on the formation in the vectors as indicated.

8 Damage Caused By DrillingThe act of drilling a bore-holere-distributes mechanical stress.Radial and tangent stresses arise.Pay zone permeability can decrease by 5 to 10 times due to the effect of these stresses alone.

9 Damage from Completion (1)The standard gun perforator is lowered into the hole.

10 Damage from Completion (2)During a conventional perforation, pay zone is subjected to high temperature and pressure shock.

11 Damage from Completion (3)Gun debris is deposited on the inner surface of the entry “carrot” and can further damage the formation.

18 The Terra Slicing Process (1)The Terra Slicing tool is lowered down to the target formation.

19 The Terra Slicing Process (2)The abrasive slurry is aimed into the target formation at the correct pre-calculated vector.Slicing treatment pressure is < or = to formation pressure

20 The Terra Slicing Process (3)The tool is raised when the slice is complete to begin a new slice procedure.

21 The Terra Slicing Process (4)Powdered chemical reagents are circulated into the new slices. This disintegrates the intact formation area between each vertical slice, cleans each slice, and removes the pressure in all areas of the near-wellbore zone.In this manner, the entire target interval is treated.

22 The Terra Slicing Process (5)Slicing transfers the zone of stress to the tips of the slicesChemistry repairs near-wellbore damage, enhancing productivityPorosity & permeability are increased in the sliced area of the near well-bore zoneSlicing equalizes pressure differential between pay zone and well-bore (pressure drop is reduced within interval)