A discrete event due to sudden, transient neuronal discharge that disturbs the brain’s normal electrical activity and causes a temporary change in behavior, consciousness, bodily movements or sensation. A seizure can have any one to three phases: preictal, ictus, and/or postictal. Seizures are the main symptoms of epilepsy, but can be caused by a wide variety of conditions.

Neural nuclei that are located in the middle rostroventral part of the cerebrum, i.e. septal region. They communicate with a variety of forebrain and brainstem areas and play an important role in reward and reinforcement.