The turbocharger, controlled by the waste-gate valve, limits pressure even at low rpm, optimising torque and fuel consumption.

The limitation of pressure is essential for mechanical protection of the engine and the turbo.

The waste-gate system permits turbo boost pressure to be kept constant, whilst allowing gradual pressure relief in certain conditions. It is this exhaust gas pressure which, having reached predetermined levels, opens a valve in the exhaust manifold. This permits by-pass of the gases before they impact on the turbo.

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