Percentage of students suspended and expelled from public elementary and secondary schools, by sex, race/ethnicity, and state: 2006

[Standard errors appear in parentheses]

State

Percent suspended1

Percent expelled2

Total

Sex

Race/ethnicity

Total

Sex

Race/ethnicity

Male

Female

White

Black

Hispanic

Asian/ Pacific Islander

American Indian/Alaska Native

Male

Female

White

Black

Hispanic

Asian/Pacific Islander

American Indian/Alaska Native

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

United States

6.9

(0.04)

9.1

(0.06)

4.5

(0.03)

4.8

(0.04)

15.0

(0.14)

6.8

(0.07)

2.7

(0.04)

7.9

(0.49)

0.21

(0.003)

0.31

(0.004)

0.11

(0.002)

0.14

(0.002)

0.47

(0.011)

0.22

(0.004)

0.07

(0.002)

0.26

(0.013)

Alabama

10.1

(0.11)

13.3

(0.15)

6.8

(0.08)

5.8

(0.10)

18.3

(0.32)

4.3

(0.10)

3.2

(0.14)

4.8

(0.49)

0.18

(0.003)

0.24

(0.006)

0.11

(0.002)

0.09

(0.002)

0.33

(0.009)

0.16

(0.003)

#

(†)

0.01

(0.001)

Alaska

5.9

(0.35)

8.0

(0.47)

3.6

(0.21)

4.6

(0.13)

10.0

(0.10)

5.9

(0.29)

4.6

(0.50)

8.2

(1.18)

0.13

(0.005)

0.20

(0.007)

0.07

(0.006)

0.13

(0.004)

0.45

(0.003)

0.16

(0.006)

0.13

(0.011)

0.10

(0.009)

Arizona

5.9

(0.14)

8.4

(0.19)

3.3

(0.09)

4.5

(0.10)

11.8

(0.27)

6.4

(0.14)

2.6

(0.05)

10.0

(2.19)

0.07

(0.004)

0.11

(0.008)

0.03

(0.001)

0.06

(0.008)

0.12

(0.006)

0.08

(0.004)

0.03

(#)

0.08

(0.015)

Arkansas

7.3

(0.30)

10.2

(0.43)

4.3

(0.17)

5.0

(0.28)

15.9

(0.96)

4.9

(0.48)

3.5

(0.35)

4.7

(0.63)

0.10

(0.009)

0.15

(0.012)

0.06

(0.008)

0.10

(0.010)

0.14

(0.016)

0.09

(0.025)

0.07

!

(0.031)

0.03

(0.002)

California

7.5

(0.18)

10.5

(0.25)

4.4

(0.12)

6.0

(0.18)

17.1

(0.82)

7.9

(0.22)

3.3

(0.13)

12.2

(2.33)

0.31

(0.010)

0.48

(0.015)

0.13

(0.005)

0.28

(0.013)

0.61

(0.030)

0.32

(0.013)

0.11

(0.006)

0.46

(0.068)

Colorado

6.0

(0.09)

8.3

(0.13)

3.7

(0.06)

4.5

(0.09)

13.2

(0.05)

8.1

(0.14)

3.2

(0.03)

8.7

(0.89)

0.28

(0.008)

0.43

(0.012)

0.12

(0.007)

0.20

(0.007)

0.56

(0.005)

0.40

(0.022)

0.12

(0.003)

0.60

(0.138)

Connecticut

6.8

(0.52)

8.9

(0.65)

4.7

(0.39)

4.0

(0.37)

17.2

(2.39)

11.4

(1.39)

2.4

(0.22)

5.2

(0.95)

0.25

(0.026)

0.36

(0.034)

0.14

(0.022)

0.13

(0.016)

0.66

(0.126)

0.45

(0.079)

0.10

(0.017)

0.15

!

(0.069)

Delaware3

10.9

(†)

13.8

(†)

7.9

(†)

6.4

(†)

20.1

(†)

9.2

(†)

3.3

(†)

5.5

(†)

0.20

(†)

0.30

(†)

0.10

(†)

0.17

(†)

0.32

(†)

0.06

(†)

0.06

(†)

0.00

(†)

District of Columbia3

0.4

(†)

0.4

(†)

0.3

(†)

0.2

(†)

0.4

(†)

0.2

(†)

0.0

(†)

0.0

(†)

0.22

(†)

0.25

(†)

0.20

(†)

0.03

(†)

0.25

(†)

0.17

(†)

0.10

(†)

0.00

(†)

Florida

10.5

(0.14)

13.4

(0.17)

7.3

(0.11)

7.9

(0.16)

19.3

(0.34)

7.7

(0.08)

2.9

(0.03)

7.2

(0.59)

0.04

(0.003)

0.06

(0.004)

0.02

(0.001)

0.04

(0.003)

0.06

(0.005)

0.02

(0.001)

0.01

(#)

0.06

(0.012)

Georgia

8.8

(0.23)

11.4

(0.29)

6.1

(0.16)

4.8

(0.21)

15.0

(0.36)

5.4

(0.27)

2.1

(0.07)

3.7

(0.21)

0.23

(0.011)

0.33

(0.017)

0.12

(0.006)

0.18

(0.013)

0.32

(0.015)

0.11

(0.011)

0.04

(0.005)

0.08

!

(0.035)

Hawaii3

5.5

(†)

7.2

(†)

3.6

(†)

4.9

(†)

7.0

(†)

5.7

(†)

5.5

(†)

6.0

(†)

0.00

(†)

0.00

(†)

0.00

(†)

0.00

(†)

0.00

(†)

0.00

(†)

0.00

(†)

0.00

(†)

Idaho

3.6

(0.18)

5.3

(0.26)

1.7

(0.10)

3.3

(0.19)

3.5

(0.21)

5.1

(0.29)

1.6

(0.07)

8.6

!

(2.90)

0.09

(0.005)

0.14

(0.008)

0.03

(0.004)

0.07

(0.005)

#

(†)

0.20

(0.018)

#

(†)

0.37

(0.111)

Illinois

6.4

(0.15)

8.4

(0.20)

4.4

(0.10)

3.8

(0.17)

14.5

(0.53)

6.0

(0.19)

1.7

(0.08)

2.9

(0.41)

0.14

(0.007)

0.20

(0.008)

0.07

(0.006)

0.08

(0.011)

0.32

(0.011)

0.11

(0.004)

0.03

(0.005)

0.07

(0.008)

Indiana

7.4

(0.28)

9.9

(0.37)

4.7

(0.20)

6.0

(0.27)

17.3

(1.18)

7.4

(0.87)

1.8

(0.24)

6.1

(0.70)

0.63

(0.039)

0.85

(0.053)

0.40

(0.028)

0.54

(0.039)

1.24

(0.111)

0.70

(0.077)

0.19

(0.038)

0.60

(0.168)

Iowa

3.0

(0.11)

4.0

(0.14)

1.9

(0.08)

2.4

(0.11)

11.4

(0.31)

3.2

(0.27)

1.6

(0.18)

5.2

(0.25)

0.04

(0.008)

0.07

(0.013)

0.01

(0.004)

0.04

(0.008)

0.07

(0.012)

0.06

!

(0.022)

0.01

(0.001)

‡

(†)

Kansas

5.1

(0.18)

6.9

(0.26)

3.1

(0.11)

3.8

(0.20)

14.6

(0.27)

6.6

(0.22)

2.9

(0.10)

5.8

(0.59)

0.18

(0.014)

0.25

(0.015)

0.10

(0.013)

0.12

(0.017)

0.68

(0.019)

0.19

(0.011)

0.12

(0.013)

0.20

!

(0.090)

Kentucky

6.6

(0.36)

8.7

(0.48)

4.3

(0.24)

5.8

(0.33)

13.3

(1.27)

4.0

(0.33)

1.5

(0.19)

3.8

(0.89)

0.08

(0.017)

0.11

(0.021)

0.05

(0.014)

0.07

(0.012)

‡

(†)

‡

(†)

0.03

!

(0.013)

#

(†)

Louisiana

10.3

(0.41)

13.2

(0.51)

7.3

(0.31)

7.1

(0.56)

14.6

(0.48)

4.7

(0.16)

2.6

(0.14)

6.8

!

(2.24)

0.89

(0.037)

1.23

(0.054)

0.52

(0.021)

0.45

(0.039)

1.42

(0.056)

0.47

(0.020)

0.17

(0.011)

0.39

(0.109)

Maine

4.6

(0.28)

6.6

(0.41)

2.4

(0.15)

4.5

(0.28)

9.0

(0.38)

5.7

(1.11)

2.9

(0.18)

6.4

(1.13)

0.09

(0.012)

0.13

(0.015)

0.04

(0.011)

0.09

(0.012)

0.09

(0.022)

0.05

(0.002)

‡

(†)

#

(†)

Maryland3

7.1

(†)

8.9

(†)

5.2

(†)

5.8

(†)

8.2

(†)

12.9

(†)

2.2

(†)

8.5

(†)

0.18

(†)

0.27

(†)

0.09

(†)

0.08

(†)

0.31

(†)

0.27

(†)

0.03

(†)

0.09

(†)

Massachusetts

5.6

(0.28)

7.1

(0.35)

3.9

(0.22)

4.2

(0.25)

10.3

(0.50)

12.0

(1.18)

2.5

(0.25)

5.0

(0.63)

0.06

(0.004)

0.09

(0.006)

0.03

(0.003)

0.03

(0.005)

0.24

(0.013)

0.13

(0.009)

0.02

(0.003)

0.04

(0.003)

Michigan

8.2

(0.34)

10.8

(0.43)

5.4

(0.27)

6.1

(0.27)

17.8

(1.48)

7.4

(0.83)

2.2

(0.34)

6.8

(1.08)

0.13

(0.010)

0.19

(0.014)

0.07

(0.006)

0.09

(0.007)

0.32

(0.040)

0.15

(0.023)

0.06

(0.012)

0.12

!

(0.041)

Minnesota

3.7

(0.10)

5.0

(0.14)

2.4

(0.07)

2.4

(0.09)

14.4

(0.33)

5.4

(0.28)

2.5

(0.05)

10.0

(1.43)

0.03

(0.002)

0.05

(0.004)

0.01

(0.001)

0.02

(0.002)

0.08

(0.002)

0.04

(0.007)

0.01

(0.002)

0.14

!

(0.048)

Mississippi

10.2

(0.33)

13.3

(0.41)

7.0

(0.24)

5.5

(0.26)

14.8

(0.55)

4.3

(0.44)

3.0

(0.47)

12.7

(3.08)

0.29

(0.015)

0.42

(0.025)

0.16

(0.006)

0.12

(0.020)

0.46

(0.019)

0.07

(0.007)

0.08

(0.013)

0.09

(0.009)

Missouri

7.3

(0.24)

9.8

(0.32)

4.6

(0.16)

4.6

(0.19)

20.2

(1.07)

5.4

(0.32)

2.9

(0.10)

7.0

(0.51)

0.03

(0.004)

0.05

(0.005)

0.01

(0.003)

0.03

(0.005)

0.04

(0.003)

0.02

(0.001)

0.01

(#)

#

(†)

Montana

4.5

(0.18)

6.1

(0.24)

2.7

(0.12)

3.7

(0.17)

4.9

(0.27)

3.5

(0.19)

2.3

(0.16)

9.6

(1.05)

0.07

(0.007)

0.12

(0.013)

0.02

(0.005)

0.05

(0.007)

#

(†)

#

(†)

#

(†)

0.24

(0.040)

Nebraska

3.7

(0.08)

4.9

(0.11)

2.4

(0.05)

2.6

(0.06)

12.6

(0.05)

5.0

(0.30)

1.9

(0.04)

6.7

(0.89)

0.23

(0.005)

0.32

(0.008)

0.12

(0.002)

0.13

(0.004)

0.92

(0.004)

0.32

(0.018)

0.13

(0.001)

0.76

(0.121)

Nevada3

7.4

(†)

9.5

(†)

5.2

(†)

5.1

(†)

15.5

(†)

8.5

(†)

3.9

(†)

6.6

(†)

0.36

(†)

0.55

(†)

0.16

(†)

0.26

(†)

0.86

(†)

0.35

(†)

0.22

(†)

0.36

(†)

New Hampshire

5.6

(0.32)

7.2

(0.46)

3.9

(0.18)

5.4

(0.33)

8.7

(0.32)

12.1

(0.23)

2.2

(0.19)

4.8

(0.45)

0.06

!

(0.021)

0.08

(0.024)

0.04

!

(0.020)

0.06

!

(0.021)

0.28

(0.065)

0.07

(0.001)

0.03

(0.001)

0.17

(0.011)

New Jersey

5.7

(0.26)

7.5

(0.33)

3.7

(0.19)

3.7

(0.30)

12.4

(0.79)

6.9

(0.51)

1.4

(0.13)

3.7

(0.70)

0.02

!

(0.008)

0.03

!

(0.016)

#

(†)

0.01

!

(0.006)

0.03

!

(0.009)

0.03

!

(0.015)

‡

(†)

#

(†)

New Mexico

5.3

(0.20)

6.9

(0.26)

3.5

(0.14)

4.0

(0.19)

7.0

(0.21)

5.4

(0.31)

2.5

(0.12)

8.3

(0.47)

0.07

(0.005)

0.12

(0.009)

0.03

(0.002)

0.03

(0.003)

0.13

(0.002)

0.06

(0.006)

0.17

(0.006)

0.22

(0.030)

New York

3.8

(0.14)

5.1

(0.17)

2.5

(0.11)

3.4

(0.14)

7.3

(0.45)

2.8

(0.15)

0.7

(0.05)

4.5

(0.97)

0.03

(0.006)

0.05

(0.010)

0.01

(0.003)

0.04

(0.010)

0.04

!

(0.014)

0.01

(0.002)

#

(†)

‡

(†)

North Carolina

10.8

(0.52)

14.3

(0.66)

7.0

(0.37)

6.5

(0.33)

20.0

(1.06)

7.2

(0.40)

2.7

(0.19)

‡

(†)

0.14

!

(0.060)

0.21

!

(0.081)

‡

(†)

0.04

(0.007)

‡

(†)

0.05

(0.007)

0.03

(0.004)

‡

(†)

North Dakota

2.2

(0.17)

2.9

(0.21)

1.4

(0.13)

1.5

(0.10)

5.0

(0.16)

3.1

(0.35)

2.0

(0.12)

8.0

(1.80)

0.02

(0.006)

0.05

(0.008)

#

(†)

0.01

(0.002)

0.05

(0.001)

#

(†)

#

(†)

0.12

!

(0.061)

Ohio

6.2

(0.24)

8.2

(0.30)

4.2

(0.17)

4.6

(0.21)

14.6

(0.99)

6.0

(0.83)

2.1

(0.24)

3.7

(0.45)

0.47

(0.020)

0.61

(0.026)

0.32

(0.014)

0.20

(0.016)

1.69

(0.091)

0.72

(0.078)

0.09

(0.014)

0.21

(0.038)

Oklahoma

4.9

(0.17)

6.7

(0.24)

3.0

(0.11)

3.9

(0.18)

12.1

(0.60)

5.3

(0.18)

1.8

(0.07)

4.0

(0.24)

0.34

(0.013)

0.47

(0.019)

0.21

(0.008)

0.28

(0.014)

0.94

(0.039)

0.23

(0.014)

0.16

(0.039)

0.29

(0.021)

Oregon

4.9

(0.18)

7.1

(0.26)

2.7

(0.15)

4.8

(0.19)

8.8

(0.24)

5.5

(0.37)

2.1

(0.08)

7.2

(0.57)

0.34

(0.025)

0.52

(0.044)

0.15

(0.010)

0.32

(0.026)

0.58

(0.093)

0.41

(0.015)

0.18

(0.028)

0.47

(0.070)

Pennsylvania

6.8

(0.37)

8.7

(0.45)

4.8

(0.29)

4.2

(0.23)

18.9

(1.41)

8.7

(0.79)

2.7

(0.46)

3.4

(0.64)

0.16

(0.008)

0.22

(0.011)

0.10

(0.005)

0.09

(0.007)

0.52

(0.031)

0.21

(0.017)

0.06

(0.013)

0.04

(0.002)

Rhode Island

8.4

(0.74)

10.7

(1.00)

5.9

(0.47)

6.7

(0.83)

14.6

(2.07)

12.6

(0.65)

7.2

(0.73)

11.8

(2.92)

#

(†)

#

(†)

#

(†)

#

(†)

#

(†)

#

(†)

#

(†)

#

(†)

South Carolina

11.9

(0.44)

15.1

(0.56)

8.6

(0.33)

6.9

(0.36)

19.2

(0.89)

6.5

(1.05)

2.9

(0.31)

9.6

!

(4.26)

0.73

(0.043)

1.03

(0.063)

0.40

(0.026)

0.37

(0.029)

1.26

(0.091)

0.20

(0.035)

0.19

(0.047)

0.42

!

(0.169)

South Dakota

2.7

(0.16)

3.7

(0.22)

1.6

(0.11)

1.9

(0.12)

7.1

(0.24)

4.3

(0.16)

3.0

(0.19)

6.8

(1.19)

0.11

!

(0.045)

0.16

!

(0.066)

0.05

!

(0.024)

‡

(†)

0.08

!

(0.038)

‡

(†)

#

(†)

0.55

!

(0.221)

Tennessee

7.2

(0.26)

9.6

(0.35)

4.8

(0.17)

5.5

(0.27)

12.8

(0.38)

5.4

(0.22)

2.7

(0.15)

3.4

(0.36)

0.32

(0.010)

0.47

(0.016)

0.15

(0.006)

0.19

(0.011)

0.70

(0.011)

0.29

(0.011)

0.17

(0.009)

0.29

(0.014)

Texas

5.6

(0.06)

7.4

(0.08)

3.6

(0.04)

2.9

(0.06)

12.7

(0.24)

5.7

(0.08)

1.6

(0.01)

3.1

(0.10)

0.26

(0.005)

0.39

(0.008)

0.13

(0.002)

0.16

(0.007)

0.58

(0.016)

0.26

(0.005)

0.08

(#)

0.20

(0.004)

Utah

3.2

(0.04)

4.5

(0.05)

1.9

(0.03)

2.4

(0.03)

7.8

(0.04)

6.7

(0.07)

4.2

(0.04)

6.9

(0.09)

0.05

(0.001)

0.07

(0.002)

0.02

(#)

0.04

(0.001)

0.22

(0.001)

0.06

(0.002)

0.09

(#)

0.19

(0.020)

Vermont

4.0

(0.18)

5.5

(0.25)

2.4

(0.12)

4.0

(0.18)

5.8

(0.50)

4.1

(0.55)

1.8

(0.23)

5.7

(0.77)

0.05

!

(0.019)

0.08

!

(0.031)

0.02

!

(0.006)

0.05

!

(0.020)

‡

(†)

‡

(†)

#

(†)

#

(†)

Virginia

7.2

(0.24)

9.4

(0.31)

4.9

(0.18)

4.7

(0.17)

13.9

(0.73)

5.6

(0.21)

2.1

(0.06)

4.0

(0.34)

0.09

(0.014)

0.15

(0.025)

0.03

(0.003)

0.08

(0.022)

0.12

(0.013)

0.09

(0.005)

0.06

(0.003)

0.10

!

(0.045)

Washington

5.9

(0.15)

8.6

(0.21)

3.2

(0.08)

5.3

(0.17)

12.0

(0.09)

7.2

(0.39)

3.7

(0.05)

11.3

(1.36)

0.34

(0.014)

0.53

(0.021)

0.14

(0.007)

0.31

(0.016)

0.48

(0.010)

0.50

(0.035)

0.16

(0.002)

0.69

(0.130)

West Virginia

10.2

(1.02)

13.8

(1.31)

6.4

(0.70)

9.7

(0.91)

21.5

(4.03)

11.2

(3.07)

2.4

(0.54)

8.2

(1.98)

0.07

(0.012)

0.09

(0.015)

0.04

(0.010)

0.07

(0.011)

0.09

!

(0.034)

‡

(†)

#

(†)

#

(†)

Wisconsin

5.0

(0.16)

6.3

(0.20)

3.6

(0.13)

2.7

(0.12)

19.7

(0.60)

7.5

(0.18)

2.1

(0.07)

13.5

!

(5.23)

0.17

(0.008)

0.23

(0.012)

0.10

(0.006)

0.12

(0.009)

0.47

(0.016)

0.22

(0.020)

0.06

(0.008)

0.30

!

(0.105)

Wyoming

2.8

(0.34)

4.0

(0.33)

‡

(†)

2.7

(0.34)

3.2

(0.26)

3.1

(0.43)

1.7

(0.26)

6.4

(1.37)

0.11

(0.018)

0.18

(0.027)

0.03

!

(0.010)

0.11

(0.021)

0.23

(0.006)

0.09

(0.005)

0.10

(0.007)

#

(†)

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is 50 percent or greater.

1 A student is counted only once, even if suspended more than once during the same school year.

2 A student is counted only once, even if expelled more than once during the same school year.

3 Data are based on universe counts of schools and school districts; therefore, these figures do not have standard errors.

NOTE: Suspension is excluding a student from school for disciplinary reasons for 1 school day or longer. Expulsion is the exclusion of a student from school for disciplinary reasons that results in the student’s removal from school attendance rolls or that meets the criteria for expulsion as defined by the appropriate state or local school authority. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity.