Jonker Afrikaner, extremely anxious to prevent
Europeans from exploring Hereroland and Ovamboland and supplying Ovaherero with arms,
attacks Tjamuaha and Maharero at Otjosemba. Even Hahn loses his cattle. Jonker moves on to
Omambonde and the Omatako omuramba (fossil river)(Khoekhoegowab: ||Khuob) at the
Omatako Mountains (#Hakha) and attacks Otjihinamaparero and the community of Chief
Katjikurure. He extends his attacks as far north as the Ondonga area in Ovamboland.

22.07.

Rhenish missionary Matthäus Gorth travels to
the south in order to take over the mission station Bethany.

||Oaseb, as requested by
missionary Vollmer, again settles at Hoachanas (!Hoaxa!nâs), the Kai||khaun headquarters.
Most of his followers, however, refuse flatly to follow the Chief from the Skaap River
(Kubakop River) to Hoachanas because they are not interested in a missionary.
Missionaries Kleinschmidt and Vollmer complete their writing of the biblical history in
the Nama language.
Rhenish missionary Heinrich Schöneberg works at Otjikango, but is expelled by Jonker
Afrikaner.
Due to Jonker's increasing resistance against the Rhenish missionaries, Hahn leaves
Hereroland and returns to Cape Town and from there for two years to Europe.
Missionary Friedrich Simon Eggert works in Berseba, Rehoboth, Naosanabis (present-day
Leonardville), Gobabis (meaning in Nama, "Place where the people argued"; also
known by the Ovaherero as "Epako" or "Elephants Fontain") and
Rooibank.
Charles John Andersson and Galton reach Lake Ngami in Bechuanaland (present-day Botswana).
They are accompanied by a guide from Bechuanaland, Jonathan Afrika.
The Witbooi Nama Jesaias Witbooi is born in Pella (?) in South Africa.

23.05

Rhenish missionary Franz Heinrich
Vollmer establishes and runs a mission station at Hoachanas (until 03.02.1867) when the
mission station has to be abandoned due to the Ovaherero-Nama war of the 1860s. He is
followed by Eduard Heider (from 27.06.1874 until 1881, when the mission station again has
to be abandoned due to the outbreak of the new Ovaherero-Nama war of the 1880s). Before
this Heider worked in Berseba. Missionary Heider dies in Hoachanas on 16.06.1881.

1854

Jonker Afrikaner settles at Tjamuahas
Okahandja settlement, at the site where the Rhenish Missionary Societys church would
be built in 1875, in order to have better control over the Ovaherero. Jonkers raids
into Hereroland lead even Ovaherero to flee from places like Otjitambi and Otavi into the
Kaokoveld.||Oaseb of the Kai||khaun attacks Jonker Afrikaner, who again had earlier
attacked the Topnaar-Nama (#Aonin) who were under the protection of ||Oaseb.
The Topnaar under the command of Chief Piet ||Haibeb (Piet Haibib)(his predecessor is
Chief Khaxab) are deeply divided. They are deeply divided, and the elements of choice in
their decision cannot be perceived from the written missionary sources. Some join Jonker,
others the Swartboois, others remain apart from these conflicts and stay in Walvis Bay
(Rooibank) or escape either into the Erongo Mountains, or move to the Kaokoveld or
Franzfontein.
Willem Swartbooi (!Huiseb #Haobemab) plans a raid on Jonker but missionary Kleinschmidt
advises him not to do so, not for moral reasons but because of lack of ammunition. This
shows the missionary double-standards: a raid against Jonker, considered as an enemy by
the Rhenish Missionary Society is not immoral, whereas Jonkers raids were denounced
as expressions of the anti-Christ.
Hermann Heinrich Kreft, a Rhenish missionary from Bethany, mentions that he and Krönlein
had finished translating Luthers Catechism into the Nama language.
The Swedish explorer Johann August Wahlberg lands in Walvis Bay. He spends nearly one year
in the territory before he is trampled to death by an elephant.

Mid-1850s

The territorys southern
region experiences a severe smallpox epidemic (lasting until the early 1860s). Later comes
the lungsickness. These two diseases add to the demise of Orlam power in Namibia.
The Witbooi Nama (|Khowesin), under the leadership of Kido Witbooi (or #A-||êib), move
from Pella in South Africa to Gibeon (Khaxa-tûs) where they settle in 1863 (with Jacob
Knauer as missionary).