Symptoms

Other common symptoms are a stuffy or blocked nose or nasal discharge. Your child may also have a nasal drip down the back of the throat. This is called a postnasal drip.

Less common symptoms are bad breath or mouth breathing. Also, may have a sore throat and throat clearing from postnasal drip.

Age Limit. Sinus pain is not a common symptom before 5 years of age.

Causes of Sinus Congestion

Viral Sinus Infection. Part of the common cold. A cold infects the lining of the nose. It also involves the lining of all the sinuses.

Bacterial Sinus Infection. A problem when the sinus becomes infected with bacteria. (Occurs in 5% of colds). It starts as a viral sinus infection. Main symptoms are increased sinus pain or return of fever. The skin around the eyelids or cheeks may become red or swollen. Thick nasal secretions that last over 14 days may point to a sinus infection. This can occur in younger children.

Allergic Sinus Reaction. Sinus congestion often occurs with nasal allergies (such as from pollen). Sneezing, itchy nose and clear nasal discharge point to this cause.

Treatment of Sinus Congestion

Allergic Sinus Reaction. Treatment of the nasal allergy with allergy medicines also often helps the sinus symptoms.

All Thick Nasal Drainage. Nasal secretions need treatment with nasal saline when they block the nose. Also, treat if they make breathing through the nose hard. If breathing is noisy, it may mean the dried mucus is farther back. Nasal saline rinses can remove it.

Color of Nasal Discharge with Colds

The nasal discharge changes color during different stages of a cold. This is normal.

It starts as a clear discharge and later becomes cloudy.

Sometimes it becomes yellow or green colored for a few days. This is still normal.

Colored discharge is common after sleep, with allergy medicines or with low humidity. Reason: all of these events decrease the amount of normal nasal secretions.

Bacterial Sinus Infections: When to Suspect

Yellow or green nasal discharge is seen with both viral and bacterial sinus infections. Suspect a bacterial infection if the discharge becomes thick (like pus). But, it also needs one or more of these symptoms:

Sinus Pain, not just normal sinus congestion. Pain occurs mainly behind the cheekbone or eye or

Swelling or redness of the skin over any sinus or

Fever lasts more than 3 days or

Fever returns after it's been gone for over 24 hours or

Nasal discharge and post-nasal drip lasts over 14 days without improvement

When to Call for Sinus Pain or Congestion

When to Call for Sinus Pain or Congestion

Call 911 Now

Not moving or too weak to stand

Severe trouble breathing (struggling for each breath, can barely speak or cry)

Call Doctor During Office Hours

Sinus pain (not just pressure or fullness) lasts more than 24 hours, after using nasal washes

Thick yellow or green pus draining from nose and not improved by nasal washes. Exception: yellow or green tinged secretions are normal.

Sinus congestion and fullness lasts more than 2 weeks

Nasal discharge lasts more than 2 weeks

You have other questions or concerns

Self Care at Home

Normal sinus congestion as part of a cold

Care Advice for Sinus Congestion

What You Should Know About Sinus Congestion:

Sinus congestion is a normal part of a cold.

Nasal discharge normally changes color during different stages of a cold. It starts as clear, then cloudy, turns yellow-green tinged, then dries up.

Yellow or green-tinged discharge. This is more common with sleep, antihistamines or low humidity. (Reason: decrease the amount of normal nasal secretions.)

Usually, nasal washes can prevent a bacterial sinus infection.

Antibiotics are not helpful for the sinus congestion that occurs with colds.

Here is some care advice that should help.

Nasal Saline to Open a Blocked Nose:

Use saline (salt water) nose spray (such as store brand). This helps to loosen up the dried mucus. If you don't have saline, you can use a few drops of water. Use bottled water, distilled water or boiled tap water. Teens can just splash a little water in the nose and then blow.

Step 1: Put 3 drops in each nostril.

Step 2: Blow each nostril out while closing off the other nostril. Then, do the other side.

Step 3: Repeat nose drops and blowing until the discharge is clear.

How often: Do saline rinses when your child can't breathe through the nose.

Saline nose drops or spray can be bought in any drugstore. No prescription is needed.

Saline nose drops can also be made at home. Use ½ teaspoon (2 mL) of table salt. Stir the salt into 1 cup (8 ounces or 240 mL) of warm water. Use bottled water or boiled water to make saline nose drops.

Other option: use a warm shower to loosen mucus. Breathe in the moist air, then blow each nostril.

Fluids - Offer More:

Try to get your child to drink lots of fluids.

Goal: Keep your child well hydrated.

It also will thin out the mucus discharge from the nose.

It also loosens up any phlegm in the lungs. Then it's easier to cough up.

Humidifier:

If the air in your home is dry, use a humidifier. Reason: Dry air makes nasal mucus thicker.

Decongestant Nose Spray (Age 12 years or Older):

Use this only if the sinus still seems blocked up after nasal washes. Use the long-acting type (such as Afrin).

Dose: 1 spray on each side. Do this 2 times per day.

Always clean out the nose before using.

Use for 1 day. After that, use only for symptoms.

Don't use for more than 3 days. (Reason: Can cause rebound congestion).

Decongestants given by mouth (such as Sudafed) are another choice. They can also open a stuffy nose and ears. Side effects: They may make a person feel nervous or dizzy. Follow the package directions.

Pain Medicine:

To help with the pain, give an acetaminophen product (such as Tylenol).

Another choice is an ibuprofen product (such as Advil).

Use as needed.

Cold Pack for Pain:

For pain or swelling, use a cold pack. You can also use ice wrapped in a wet cloth.

Put it over the sinus for 20 minutes.

Caution: Avoid frostbite.

Allergy Medicine:

If the child also has nasal allergies, give an allergy medicine.

Long-acting allergy medicines (such as Zyrtec) are a good first choice. Other options are Allegra or Claritin. Reason: these meds do not cause your child to act sleepy.

Benadryl can be used if these products do not control symptoms.

No prescription is needed.

What to Expect:

With this advice, the viral sinus blockage goes away in 7 to 14 days.

The main problem is a sinus infection from bacteria. This can occur if bacteria multiply within the blocked sinus. This leads to a fever and increased pain. It needs antibiotics. Once on treatment, the symptoms will improve in a few days.

Return to School:

Sinus infections cannot be spread to others.

Your child can return to school after the fever is gone. Your child should feel well enough to join in normal activities.

Call Your Doctor If:

Sinus pain lasts more than 24 hours after starting treatment

Sinus congestion lasts more than 2 weeks

Fever lasts more than 3 days

You think your child needs to be seen

Your child becomes worse

And remember, contact your doctor if your child develops any of the 'Call Your Doctor' symptoms.

Disclaimer: this health information is for educational purposes only. You, the reader, assume full responsibility for how you choose to use it.