New geological map of Wallonia published at the scale of 1/25.000, based on a new field work and using previous scientific data produced, since the first edition published in 1899 (Gustave Dewalque) at ... [more ▼]

New geological map of Wallonia published at the scale of 1/25.000, based on a new field work and using previous scientific data produced, since the first edition published in 1899 (Gustave Dewalque) at the scale of 1/40.000 by the "Commission Géologique de Belgique" and the second one, published in 1959 (Asselberghs & Geukens) at the scale of 1/40.000 by the Geological Survey of Belgium. [less ▲]

Estrogens derived from brain testosterone aromatization (neuro-estrogens) are critical for the activation of male sexual behavior. Their effects on this behavior are typically associated with long-term ... [more ▼]

Estrogens derived from brain testosterone aromatization (neuro-estrogens) are critical for the activation of male sexual behavior. Their effects on this behavior are typically associated with long-term changes in circulating levels of testosterone and the transcriptional activity of their liganded nuclear receptors. According to this view, neuro-estrogens would prime the neural circuits controlling the long-term expression of behavior, which would then be acutely regulated by neurotransmitter systems conveying information from the social environment. In parallel, neuro-estrogens are also able to produce much faster effects than previously anticipated. Our recent investigations in Japanese quail revealed an interesting dichotomy in the regulation of male sexual behavior by membrane- and nuclear-initiated estrogen signaling providing respectively an acute modulation of sexual motivation and a long-term control of the capacity to display the copulatory sequence. In parallel, a similar dichotomy applies to the regulation of brain aromatase whose expression depends on the transcriptional activity of testosterone metabolites while its enzymatic activity is rapidly regulated in a region- and context-dependent manner. Recent evidences suggest that rapid changes in sexual motivation result from rapid changes in local estrogen production. Together, these data support the idea that the acute regulation of some aspects of male sexual behavior depends not only on classical neurotransmitter systems, but also on rapid and spatially restricted changes in local estrogen availability. The existing literature suggests that this acute regulation by neuro-estrogens of the motivational aspects of behavior could be generalized to other systems such as singing behavior in songbirds. [less ▲]

New geological map of Wallonia that will be published at the scale of 1/25.000, based on a new field work and using previous scientific data produced, since the first edition published in 1899 (Gustave ... [more ▼]

New geological map of Wallonia that will be published at the scale of 1/25.000, based on a new field work and using previous scientific data produced, since the first edition published in 1899 (Gustave Dewalque) at the scale of 1/40,000 by the "Commission Géologique de Belgique" and the second one, published in 1963 (Fernand Geukens) at the scale of 1/25,000 by the Geological Survey of Belgium. [less ▲]

in Dunkel, Mario; Nitzsche, Sina (Eds.) Music and Public Diplomacy (in press)

Belgium's public diplomacy cannot be understood without the frame of the political divide characterizing federalism in the country. Unlike others federal states whose self-governing components adopt ... [more ▼]

Belgium's public diplomacy cannot be understood without the frame of the political divide characterizing federalism in the country. Unlike others federal states whose self-governing components adopt policies that converge at the international level, Flanders and Wallonia – the Dutch- and French-speaking communities of Belgium – seem not to act coordinately on this matter. Culture is the principal field where the two communities adopt very different approaches and end up competing for resources and international visibility. Flanders, in particular, support self-representation strategies that produce and circulate images of a singular and homogeneous “Flemish nation”. The action of its cultural institutions seems to focus on an autonomous nation building project rather than situating the community in the larger national – Belgian – dimension. Language is the cultural trait lying at the basis of this conflict known as “community cleavage” that affects both the public and the political sphere. As a verbal art, popular music is one of the most simbolically relevant practices that participate to cultural diplomacy in this context. Starting from ethnographic analysis of Flemish public and private cultural institutions, this paper aims to describe the ways Flemish music policy in international situations is mutually connected to political claims for autonomy and independence at the national level. The research questions are as follows: 1) how does Belgian federalism condition cultural/music diplomacy in Flanders? 2) How does cultural/music diplomacy contribute to the political struggle of Flemish independentism? [less ▲]

Elderspeak is often used when talking to older individuals and is characterized by a slower and/or louder speech, a patronizing tone, etc. A part of the reason of such communication can be found in the ... [more ▼]

Elderspeak is often used when talking to older individuals and is characterized by a slower and/or louder speech, a patronizing tone, etc. A part of the reason of such communication can be found in the actual context of negative view of aging. However, the link between view of aging and elderspeak has never been objectively studied in oncology. Therefore, 40 healthcare professionals (physicians and medical students) record a podcast where they have to explain an endocrine therapy to two fictional patients (40 vs 70 years old). Results show that when participants explained the treatment to the older patient, they used shorter utterances and made more repetitions. They also evoked fewer side effects such as sexual issues. Moreover, reduction of length of utterances and of word-per-minute rate was observed for older patient when participants have a positive view of aging but for both patients when they have a negative view of aging. In conclusion, physicians and medical students used elderspeak when they explained a treatment to older patients. Participants with a more negative view of aging also unconsciously talked slower and made shorter utterances to a 40 year-old patient. [less ▲]

Objectives: This paper aims to summarize the hypothesis, which originates in the field of phenomenological psychopathology, of schizophrenic hyperreflexivity, and to discuss the methodological context ... [more ▼]

Objectives: This paper aims to summarize the hypothesis, which originates in the field of phenomenological psychopathology, of schizophrenic hyperreflexivity, and to discuss the methodological context enabling these highly subjective manifestations to emerge. Starting from the seminal hypothesis developed by contemporary psychopathology, that the schizophrenic patients appear to experience a consciousness that finds itself being forced to question phenomena which should be intuitively self-evident, the idea of this present paper is to complete the usual interpretation of schizophrenia as deficit by the hypothesis of an excess functioning of consciousness. Methods: First-person perspective is a qualitative approach completing third-person interpretation, traditional in the field of psychiatry – which consists in the attribution, from an external position, of clinical signs noted independently of the perception expressed by the patient. This first-person perspective focuses on the subjective experience expressed by the individual. To understand schizophrenia according to this perspective, the words of several schizophrenic patients have been collected as part of a clinical device. We used the EASE scale (Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience) with this aim in mind. This scale offers a phenomenologically oriented semi-structured exploration of a set of difficulties revealing anomalies of subjective experience, considered as troubles of self-awareness. EASE has been developed on the basis of self-descriptions by patients suffering from schizophrenic spectrum troubles. This tool allows the co-construction of a language between patient and clinician, focused on the patient’s particular experience and the unique phenomena he endures. Results: Besides the hyperreflexivity phenomena, the qualitative analysis of collected descriptions highlight two important features of schizophrenic being-in-the-world. First a problem of common sense, which addresses the issue of intersubjectivity and the opportunity, for schizophrenic patients, to share a social world. Then the existence of an intercorporeality trouble, since the schizophrenic hyperreflexivity experiences are accompanied by a loss of “common body”, body being the scene where intersubjectivity is performed. Employing EASE, and the ensuing first-person perspective, is relevant in a psychotherapeutic approach; on one hand in the process of acknowledgement of the disease (which has to be made by the patient as well as by the clinician), on the other hand in the communication with families of schizophrenic patients. Conclusions: The phenomenological interpretation offered by the application of a first-person perspective in the understanding of schizophrenic patients experience, as well as the interest showed in the hyperreflexivity phenomenon, suggest an outlook of schizophrenia which isn’t reduced to a deficit interpretation anymore (without denying the latter), and which uncovers not a weakening, but a surprising intensification of consciousness. [less ▲]

The Typus Melancholicus (TM) is a pre-melancholic personality structure, defined by Tellenbach and Kraus and characterized by the orderliness, conscientiousness, norm orientation and intolerance of ... [more ▼]

The Typus Melancholicus (TM) is a pre-melancholic personality structure, defined by Tellenbach and Kraus and characterized by the orderliness, conscientiousness, norm orientation and intolerance of ambiguity. This study aims to discriminate the existence of a subgroup TM, among a unipolar depressive population. In order to prove the existence of this subgroup, we translated and administrated the Criteria for Typus Melancholicus (CTM) to a sample of 20 unipolar patients and 20 control participants. The research hypothesis was to find a similar proportion to the one observed in the literature (50% of TM in the unipolar sample). The results demonstrate, as expected, that half of the unipolar sample belongs to a homogeneous subgroup that displays the TM features. Furthermore, no control subjects displays the TM features. Those results suggest that the TM features design a coherent and typical psychopathological structure that can be found in an important proportion of unipolar depressive population. Our study identifies and confirms the existence of a distinct heterogeneity (TM/noTM) inside the unipolar group. This distinction opens the door to some important perspectives in terms of therapy. [less ▲]

This article presents the results of the autoptical analysis of PSI 1.18 + 19 (rests of a 5th century papyrus codex), which contains school texts. A codicological reconstruction is proposed, as well as ... [more ▼]

This article presents the results of the autoptical analysis of PSI 1.18 + 19 (rests of a 5th century papyrus codex), which contains school texts. A codicological reconstruction is proposed, as well as remarks on the use of miniature codices and of binios in papyrus codices. [less ▲]

In poultry, feed based on maggots, like larvae of Black Soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is an attractive option to substitute current ingredients which are expensive and often in direct or indirect ... [more ▼]

In poultry, feed based on maggots, like larvae of Black Soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is an attractive option to substitute current ingredients which are expensive and often in direct or indirect competition with human food. Little information is currently available on the utility of these larvae in poultry feed, so goals of this study were to determine whether larvae could be reared on horse manure under traditional farming conditions and to evaluate the growth performances of a local poultry fed these larvae and the fatty acids profiles of their meat. After freezing and thawing, larvae were introduced in the feed of Ardennaise chickens between 30 and 80 days of age. Birds in the control group received a commercial standard feed while those in the treatment group received the same commercial feed in which 8% was substituted with whole fresh larvae corresponding to 2% on a dry matter basis. Mean ± standard errors of larval length and weight were 20.67 ± 2.21 mm and 0.14 ± 0.02 g, respectively. Mean larval percentages of dry matter and of substances extractable in diethyl ether were 24.6% and 23.1%, respectively. Larval fatty acids profiles were predominantly composed of lauric (28.1%) and palmitic (22.0%) acids. Least squares means of weekly weights of chicken, adjusted for the effects of sex, replication and initial weights, were significantly higher (P < 0.05) by 77.03 ± 53.37 g in larvae-fed than in control chickens. All the other measurements were not statistically different between larvae-fed and control chicken, including fatty acid profiles, protein content and ω6/ω3 ratio. In conclusion, the use of black soldier fly larvae in the diet of local chicken breed may be an alternative to the use of soy. [less ▲]

The material study of La Famille Soler through non-invasive imaging, molecular, structural and elemental techniques, permitted a relevant re-examination of this singular blue period painting, which is ... [more ▼]

The material study of La Famille Soler through non-invasive imaging, molecular, structural and elemental techniques, permitted a relevant re-examination of this singular blue period painting, which is considered as the earliest Picasso’s version of Le déjeuner sur l’herbe by E. Manet. On the one hand, it was concluded that the underlying landscape painted by Vidal in 1903 referred to Manet’s masterpiece. On the other hand, it was assumed that the cubist sketch undertaken by Picasso in 1912, prior to the current blue background, consists of an uncompleted transformation of Vidal’s landscape into synthetic cubism. Additionally, the main pigments associated to the underlying compositions were successfully identified. [less ▲]

In this case study, we study the generation of warning waves with prescribed characteristics in a mountain stream. We determine which dam release will generate the desired warning wave. We solve this ... [more ▼]

In this case study, we study the generation of warning waves with prescribed characteristics in a mountain stream. We determine which dam release will generate the desired warning wave. We solve this inverse problem following a two-model approach. An analytical kinematic model is used for a preliminary design of the dam release and a detailed two-dimensional (2D) fully dynamic model is used to converge to the final solution. Although the presented case study is far from an idealized academic case, the analytical model performs well and, beyond its role for preliminary design, turns out to be of prime interest for both understanding and discussing the results of the detailed 2D model. The complex interactions between the release hydrograph, the geometry of the river and the friction formula are brought to light by the analytical model, which highlights the complementarity of both models and the usefulness of such a two-model approach. [less ▲]