19
Evolutionary Algorithms for Multi-Parameter Physics -Evolutionary algorithms are applied to problems in multi-parameter physics, such as e.g. the control of femto-second lasers to impact molecules in a desired way.

21
The Fourth Paradigm -Data-Intensive Scientific Discovery “One of the greatest challenges for 21st-century science is how we respond to this new era of data- intensive science. This is recognized as a new paradigm beyond experimental and theoretical research and computer simulations of natural phenomena—one that requires new tools, techniques, and ways of working.” — Douglas Kell, University of Manchester

22
Leiden University. The university to discover. Data Mining definitions -Secondary analysis of data -Induction of understandable useful models and patterns from data -Algorithms for large quantities of data

25
Typical Data Mining Results -Forecasting what may happen in the future -Classifying people or things into groups by recognizing patterns -Clustering people or things into groups based on their attributes -Associating what events are likely to occur together -Sequencing what events are likely to lead to later events

26
Leiden University. The university to discover. From “Querying” to “Mining” Are there any occurrences of GAAT in this string? How many occurrences of AAT are there in this string? Which substrings of length 4 occur at least 2 times? Which substrings (of any length) occur significantly moreoften in the white string than in the black string? Standard database technology solves such questions Data mining technology can sometimes solve such questions (computations may be (too) heavy) Science fiction Why is the virus to the left resistant to my drug, and the one to the right not?

27
Leiden University. The university to discover. Subgroup Discovery -How to find comprehensible subgroups in large amounts of data? -As an example: subtypes in complex diseases. -Different types of input.

39
Leiden University. The university to discover. What are we looking for? Signs of decay (long) Effects of traffic, weather,... (medium) Individual ‘events’ (short) Relationships between different signals and why? Plan maintenance What kind of forces is bridge subjected to? How does bridge respond? How does one affect the other? What info do we really need? Fewer/different sensors?

49
Leiden University. The university to discover. DNA Visualisation -Select four three-dimensional vectors. -The vectors should be of comparable length -The four vectors should add up to 0 -Every subset of three vectors should be independent.