This work in three volumes represents the first thorough and dispassionate study of the background of India`s partition. The basic premise of the author is that the emergence of Pakistan was neither the result of a fluke nor of false consciousness, but of the working of powerful historical and social forces. The author examines in depth the historical and socio-political foundations of Muslim nationalism and its evolution and gives a fresh look to the events between 1937 and 1947, the complex realities at various stages and the roles of the key decision makers. This pioneering work is the result of more than a quarter century`s research by the author.