1. Relative Pronoun

Kata Ganti OrangKata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah : Who, Whom, Whose, That
Fungsi :
a. Subjek:
- He paid the money to the man who / that had done the work
b. Objek Kata Kerja:
- He paid the man whom/that he had hired.
c. Objek Kata Depan:
- He paid the man from whom he had borrowed the money.
d. Kata Ganti Kepunyaan:
- This is the girl whose picture you saw.

Benda, BinatangKata Penghubung yang digunakan adalah: Which, that
Fungsi:
a. Subjek:
- Here is a book which/that describes animals.
b. Objek Kata Kerja:
- The chair which/that he broke is being repaired.
c. Objek Kata Depan:
- She was wearing the coat for which she had paid $2,00.

2. Relative Adverbs

WaktuKata Penghubung yang digunakan: when
- This is the year when the Olympic Games are held.

TempatKata Penghubung yang digunakan: where
- Here is the house where I live.

AlasanKata Penghubung yang digunakan: when
- Give me one good reason why you did that.

2. Relative Adverb

Kata Why (yang menunjukkan alasan) yang menjadi Adverb penghubung,
mungkin (kadang-kadang) dapat digantikan dengan that atau kadang-kadang
dapat dihilangkan dalam kalimat.- The reason (that) I came should be
obvious to you.
- The reason (why) I came should be obvious to you.
- The reason I came should be obvious to you.

When atau Where Bering dapat Baling ditukarkan dengan Preposition
yang menunjukkan tempat (a preposition of Place) ditambah dengan Which.-
The small town in which (= where) I was born has grown to a large
metropolis.
- The day on which (= when) they were to leave finally arrived.

Kadang-kadang that dapat menggantikan where atau when.

The day that (or when, on which) the trial was to take place was a stormy one.

Adjective Clause dengan subjek: whom tidak dapat dirubah menjadi Adjective Phrase.Perhatikan Contoh berikut:
a. Adjective Clause
* The girl who is sitting next to me is Lisa.
==> The boy is playing the piano is Bent.
b. Adjective Phrase
* The girl sitting next to me is Lisa.
==> The boy playing the piano is Bent.

Cara mengubah Adjective Clause menjadi Adjective Phrase.(1) Subjek pronoun dan verb be dihilangkan.
* Adjective Clause: The man who is talking to Taylor is from Japan.
* Adjective Phrase: The man talking to Taylor is from Japan.
* Adjective Clause: The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
* Adjective Phrase: The ideas presented in that book are interesting.
* Adjective Clause: Ali is the man who is responsible for preparing the budget.
* Adjective Phrase: Ali is the man responsible for preparing the budget.
* Adjective Clause: The books that are on the shelf are mine.
* Adjective Phrase: The books on the shelf are mine.
(2) Jika tidak ada verb be dalam Adjective Clause, seringkali subjek
pronoun dapat dihilangkan dan mengubah kata kerja dalam Clause itu
menjadi bentuk -ing.
* Adjective Clause: English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.
* Adjective Phrase: English has an alphabet consisting of 26 letters.
* Adjective Clause: Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.
* Adjective Phrase: Anyone wanting to come with us is welcome.

We toured a 300-year-old house. The exterior of the house consisted of logs cemented with clay.

We toured a 300-year-old house, the exterior of which consisted of logs cemented with lay.

Adjective Clause sering digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kuantitas
dengan of. Ungkapan kuantitas mendahului pronoun, dan hanya whom, which,
dan whose yang digunakan dalam pola ini.Ungkapan kuantitas dengan “of”
antara lain: some of, none of, both of, one of, many of, two of, all of,
each of, most of, dll.
* There are 20 students in my class. Most of them are from the Outside Java.
–> There are 20 students in my class, most of whom are from the Outside Java.
* He gave several reasons. Only a few of them were valid.
–> He gave several reasons, only a few of which were valid.