How have C4 plants adapted to environmental conditions that would result in increased photorespiration?

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A molecule transports the fixed carbon into a cell type where the normal C3 synthetic metabolism would be favored due to the now high concentrations of carbon dioxide.
PEP specifically combines with carbon dioxide even in the face of high oxygen concentrations.
C4 plants have substituted phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) for ribulose bisphosphate.
all of the above