engShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2008-12-015418920017167Immunologic Basis and Immunoprophy-laxis of RhD Induced Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)Roya Payam Khaja Pasha1Fazel Shokrifshokri@sina.tums.ac.ir2StemCore Laboratories, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, CanadaDepartment of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences | National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, IranRhD antigen is the most immunogenic and clinically significant antigen of red blood cells after ABO system. It has historically been associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) which is now routinely prevented by the administration of polyclonal anti-D immunoglobulin. This management of HDN has proven to be one of the most successful cases of prophylactic treatment based on antibody mediated immune sup-pression (AMIS). Despite the increasing efficiency of treatment, the mechanism of ac-tion of anti-D is not completely defined. There is a widespread interest in obtaining a reliable therapeutic monoclonal anti-D, due to difficulty of maintaining a pool of high titer volunteer donors for plasma collection and also increasing demand for antenatal prophylaxis and safety issues with plasma derived products. Candidate monoclonal anti-D preparations should demonstrate appropriate functionality in both in vitro and in vivo assays comparable to polyclonal anti-D immunoglobulin. These criteria are reviewed in addition to the factors regulating development of D specific immune response in D negative individuals and its suppression in HDN prophylaxis.http://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17167_30457358341b4b7242b61db8f17e1e74.pdfAnti-D immunoglobulinD antigenHemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)Monoclonal anti-DRh Blood Group SystemengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2008-12-015420120617168مقاله پژوهشیAssociation of CCR5-59029 A/G and CCR2-V64I Variants with Renal Allograft SurvivalMir Davood Omranidavood_omrani@umsu.ac.ir1Mohammad Reza Mokhtari2Ali Tagizadae3Morteza Bagheri4Pedram Ahmad-Poor5Department of GeneticsDepartment of Urology and Nephrology, Uromia University of Medical Science, Uromia, IranDepartment of Urology and Nephrology, Uromia University of Medical Science, Uromia, IranDepartment of GeneticsDepartment of Urology and Nephrology, Uromia University of Medical Science, Uromia, IranBackground: Despite advances in the medical care of renal transplant recipients which have led to an improvement in allograft survival, renal allograft rejection is still a major ob-stacle to successful organ transplantation. Understanding the mechanisms contributing to allograft rejection will be of great importance for the development of efficient antirejection strategies. Objective: The aim of current investigation was to study the impact of polymor-phisms of CCR5Δ32, CCR5- 59029 A/G and CCR2-V64I on renal allograft survival. Methods: Using PCR and PCR-RFLP methods in 84 renal transplant recipients, the influ-ence of CCR5Δ32, CCR5- 59029 A/G and CCR2-V64I polymorphisms on renal allograft survival in two rejector and non-rejector groups were examined. Rejector group was de-fined as having rejection before 1 year and non-rejector group had stable graft function at least for 5 years. Results: Significant reductions were found in the risk of renal transplant rejection in recipients possessing the CCR2-64I (A) allele (p=0.03) or 59029-A allele (p=0.03) compared to non-rejector group. There were no significant differences in the fre-quency of CCR5Δ32 polymorphism in rejector group compared to non-rejector group (p>0.05). Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that the chemokine receptors CCR2-V64I (A) and CCR5- 59029 A alleles may influence renal allograft survival.http://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17168_1066b530d3351e6f703eff7806258336.pdfChemokine ReceptorsGenetic PolymorphismGenotypingGraft Re-jectionsGraft Survivalrenal transplantationengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2008-12-015420721117169مقاله پژوهشیNull Allele Frequencies at HLA-G Locus in Iranian Healthy SubjectsRoghayeh Rahimi1Ahmad Zavaran Hosseinizavarana@modares.ac.ir2Fatemeh Yari3Tarbiat Modares University, School of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares University, School of Medical SciencesResearch Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, IranBackground: HLA-G gene contains 15 alleles including a null allele, HLA-G*0105N. Previous studies have shown that HLA-G*0105N does not encode the complete HLA-G1 or HLA-G5 isoforms but encodes a functional HLA-G protein with the ability to in-hibit NK cell cytolysis. Thus, although the biological functions of HLA-G1 and HLA-G5 proteins are abrogated, other isoforms such as HLA-G2 can replace their roles. Stud-ies on the null allele of HLA-G gene could be useful in understanding the genetic vari-ants of HLA-G alleles in ethnic groups. Objective: The goal of this research was to de-termine the frequency of HLA-G*0105N null allele in Iranian healthy subjects. Meth-ods: The frequency of HLA-G*0105N null allele was evaluated in Iranian healthy sub-jects by PCR-RFLP method. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood of 100 randomly selected, healthy, unrelated Iranian individuals using salting-out technique followed by PCR amplification of the exon 3 of HLA-G gene. PCR products were di-gested with PpUM-1 and the resulted fragments were analyzed using gel electrophore-sis. Results: In this study the restriction enzyme digestion confirmed homozygous HLA-G*0105N null allele for 9 % of the population. Furthermore obtained results indi-cated that the total frequency of HLA-G*0105N null allele was 20 % in the studied population of Iran. Conclusion: The final data analysis showed that the total frequency of this allele in Iranian people was higher than other ethnic groups that have been stud-ied so far.http://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17169_3ec26db0c327dcd23463357af63dd097.pdfFrequencyHLA-G*0105N antigenIranRFLPsengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2008-12-015421221617170مقاله پژوهشیThe Booster Phenomenon of Tuberculin Skin Testing in Patients Receiving Hemo-dialysisMohammad Mahdi Sagheb1Mandana Goodarzi2Jamshid Roozbehroozbehj@hotmail.com3Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrourology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Internal Medicine, Nephrourology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Internal Medicine, Nephrourology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranBackground: The risk of developing tuberculosis is high among chronic hemodialysis patients. The tuberculin skin test (TST) has been in use for diagnosing latent TB, but few data are available on TST in hemodialysis patients. Objective: This study was done to identify the TST reactivity and frequency of booster effect in serial TST among hemodialysis patients. Methods: A total of 100 patients in three hemodialysis centers were prospectively tested. Patients with less than 10mm indurations were given addi-tional TST one and four weeks later to determine the frequency of booster effect. Results: The cumulative prevalence of a positive TST was 7 % for the first test and 16 % for the third test. There was a weak, but significant correlation between TST positiv-ity, serum albumin level, urea reduction ratio and KT/V (phttp://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17170_1673678a16d67092a59f4a0cc5ea9470.pdfHemodialysesMycobacterium TuberculosisTuberculin TestengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2008-12-015421722117171مقاله پژوهشیComparison of the Salivary Immu-noglobulin Concentration Levels between Children with Early Childhood Caries and Caries-Free ChildrenAli Bagherian1Abdullah Jafarzadeh2Mohsen Rezaeian3Shima Ahmadi4Mohammad Taghi Rezaity5Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental SchoolDepartment of ImmunologyDepartment of Epidemiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental SchoolDepartment of ImmunologyBackground: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is one of the most common chronic child-hood diseases. In spite of the global decrease in dental caries in the past decades, ECC has become a significant problem in many developing countries and also in a few indus-trialized nations. Saliva as a host factor can play an important role in the process of den-tal caries. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare sIgA and IgG as saliva components between ECC and caries-free groups. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, samples of unstimulated saliva of 90 children (45 in ECC group & 45 in caries-free group) were taken with Scully method. Then the concentration levels of sIgA and IgG were measured with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Single Radial Im-munodiffusion methods. Results: Mean concentration levels of salivary sIgA and IgG were significantly higher among children with ECC (phttp://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17171_d67d133dc09e94a028db11cdd2b7d547.pdfdental cariesimmunoglobulinsSalivaengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2008-12-015422222517172Cogan’s Syndrome: A Case ReportAbdulrahman Al Rashidi1Atef Ali Marey2Mohammad Osama Hegazidrosama02@gmail.com3Department of Medicine, Al Adan HospitalDepartment of Audiology, Al Sabah Hospital, KuwaitDepartment of Medicine, Al Adan Hospitalhttp://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17172_c341e14a9b838a5026ddb970bb05e2ff.pdfengShiraz Institute for Cancer ResearchIranian Journal of Immunology1735-13831735-367X2008-12-015422622817173A New Paradigm in Biology – The Effect of Localization of a Protein on its Anti-genicityBorros Arnethaneth@zentrallabor.klinik.unimainz.de1Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germanyhttp://iji.sums.ac.ir/article_17173_1fee2ea2341998ece39fe014b83aecdb.pdf