Treaty of Versailles: A Primary Document Analysis, 1st Edition

Lisa L. Beckenbaugh

Published By:

ABC-CLIO

ABC-CLIO serves the history profession, history teachers, and students and scholars of history with a complete line of award-winning databases, books, and eBooks, along with social studies reference and curriculum resources for middle and high school libraries and classrooms.

ISBN-10: 1440859108

ISBN-13: 9781440859106

DDC: 940.3

312 Pages | eBook

Original Copyright 2019 | Published/Released March 2019

This publication's content originally published in print form: 2019

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About

Overview

This carefully curated primary source collection includes roughly 60 documents related to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. By collecting all of the most significant documents in one volume, it allows readers to hear the original arguments surrounding the treaty and to explore the voices of the people involved at the Paris Peace Conference. Moreover, it allows readers to engage with the documents so as to better understand the complex motivations and issues coming out of World War I and highlights the differences between the victors and identifies the problems many countries had with the treaty before it was even signed. The documents are organized in chronological order, providing a blueprint to help students to understand all of the significant events that led to the treaty, as well as the vast repercussions of the treaty itself. In addition to the Treaty of Versailles itself, documents include such significant primary sources as the Sykes-Picot Agreement, the Balfour Declaration, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and Germany's response to the treaty.

Table of Contents

Front Cover.
Half Title Page.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Contents.
Introduction.
Map.
Perspective Essays.
1: Did the Paris Peace Settlement that Officially Ended World War I Make World War II Inevitable?.
2: Failure to Enforce the Paris Peace Settlement.
3: The Paris Peace Settlement and the World Outside Europe.
4: The Failure of the Paris Peace Settlement in Eastern Europe.
The War.
5: William Howard Taft on the Proposal for A League of Peace, April 9, 1915.
6: Eugene Debs, “The Prospect for Peace,” American Socialist, February 19, 1916.
7: The House-Grey Memorandum: Confidential Memo of Sir Edward Grey, February 22, 1916.
8: The Mcmahon-Hussein Correspondence July 14, 1915–March 10, 1916.
9: The Sykes-Picot Agreement: Sir Edward Grey to Paul Cambon, May 15–16, 1916.
10: The Balfour Declaration: British Foreign Secretary Arthur J. Balfour to Lord Rothschild, November 2, 1917.
11: President Woodrow Wilson, “The Fourteen Points,” Address to A Joint Session of U.S. Congress, January 8, 1918.
12: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Between the Central Powers and Russia, March 3, 1918.
13: The First German Note to President Woodrow Wilson (October 1918).
14: Terms of the German Armistice With Allied and Associated Powers, November 11, 1918.
15: President Woodrow Wilson, Address to A Joint Session of Congress Concerning the Terms of Armistice Signed by Germany, November 11, 1918.
16: Marcus Garvey, “Advice of the Negro to the Peace Conference,” Editorial, The Negro World, November 30, 1918.
17: Ho Chi Minh (Nguyen Ai Quoc), the Rightful Demands of the Annamite (Vietnamese) People, Declaration Submitted to the Paris Peace Conference, Early 1919.
18: Letter From U.S. Secretary of State Robert Lansing to Poland’s Prime Minister and Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Ignace Jan Paderewski, that the United States Recognized the Provisional Polish Government, January 22, 1919.
19: A German Response to the Treaty of Versailles, Tendered by Delegates to the Paris Peace Conference, May 1919.
The Treaty of Versailles.
20: Articles 1–26: League of Nations.
21: Articles 27–30: Boundaries of Germany.
22: Articles 31–41: Belgium and Luxembourg.
23: Articles 42–50: the Rhine and the Saar Basin.
24: Articles 51–79: Lands Previously Ceded by France.
25: Article 80: Austria.
26: Articles 81–86: the Czech-Slovak State.
27: Articles 87–93: Poland.
28: Articles 94–98: East Prussia.
29: Articles 99–108: Memel and Danzig.
30: Articles 109–115: Schleswig and Heligoland.
31: Articles 116–117: Russia and Russian States.
32: Articles 118–127: German Rights and Interests Outside Germany.
33: Articles 128–154: China, Siam, Liberia, Morocco, and Egypt.
34: Articles 155–158: Turkey, Bulgaria, and Japan.
35: Articles 159–163: Limits on Germany’s Army.
36: Articles 164–172: Limits on Arms and Ammunitions.
37: Articles 173–179: Limits on Military Recruiting and Training.
38: Article 180: Limits on Fortifications.
39: Articles 181–197: Limits on Germany’s Navy.
40: Articles 198–202: Limits on Aircraft.
41: Articles 203–210: The Inter-Allied Commission of Control.
42: Articles 211–213: The 1919 Armistice and the Council of the League of Nations.
43: Articles 214–224: Prisoners of War and Interned Civilians.
44: Articles 225–226: Graves of Soldiers.
45: Articles 227–230: Arraignment of William II.
46: Articles 231–244: Reparations.
47: Articles 245–247: Return of Historical Artifacts.
48: Articles 248–263: The Costs of All Armies.
49: Articles 264–270: Custom Duties.
50: Articles 271–273: Fishing Boats and Shipping.
51: Articles 274–275: Unfair Competition.
52: Articles 276–279: Treatment of Nationals of Allied Powers.
53: Articles 280–281: International Trade.
54: Articles 282–295: Previous Treaties.
55: Article 296 and Annex: Payment of Debts.
56: Articles 297–298 and Annex: Property Seizure.
57: Articles 299–303 and Annex: Pre-War Contracts and Judgments.
58: Articles 304, Annex, and 305: Establishment of A Tribunal.
59: Articles 306–311: Restoration of Property.
60: Article 312: Social and State Security in Ceded Territory.
61: Articles 313–320: Control of Airspace and Airports.
62: Articles 321–327: Ports, Railways, and Waterways.
63: Articles 328–330: Free Zones in Ports.
64: Articles 331–353: International Rivers.
65: Articles 354–362: Navigation of the Rhine River.
66: Articles 363–364: Control of Ports.
67: Articles 365–369: International Transport.
68: Articles 370–374: Wagons and Railway Lines.
69: Articles 375–378: Treaty Disputes.
70: Articles 379–386: Decisions on Transport.
71: Articles 387–427: Establishment of the International Labour Organization.
72: Articles 428–433: Soldiers in Western Europe and Russia.
73: Articles 434–440: Recognition of New Nations.
The Peace.
74: President Woodrow Wilson, Address to the U.S. Senate, July 10, 1919.
75: Reservations Drawn Up by Republican Senators to the Treaty of Peace With Germany, November 1919.
76: A Treaty Between the United States and Austria, Signed on August 24, 1921, to Establish Securely Friendly Relations Between the Two Nations, Signed in Vienna on August 24, 1921.
77: One of President Woodrow Wilson’s Final Addresses in Support of the League of Nations, September 25, 1919, Pueblo, Colorado.
78: San Remo Resolution, Published April 25, 1920.
79: Treaty of Peace Between Germany and the United States of America, August 25, 1921.
80: Treaty Between the United States of America, the British Empire, France, and Japan, Signed at Washington December 13, 1921.
81: Limitation of Naval Armament (Five-Power Treaty Or Washington Treaty) Signed by France, the United States, Italy, Japan, and Great Britain in February 1922.
82: Treaty Between the United States of America, Belgium, the British Empire, China, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and Portugal (The Nine-Power Pact), Signed in Washington, D.C., February 6, 1922.
83: League of Nations, the British Mandate for Palestine, Passed July 24, 1922, Effective September 29, 1922.
84: A Treaty in Relation to the Use of Submarines and Noxious Gases in Warfare, Signed February 6, 1922.
85: Treaty of Mutual Guarantee Between Germany, Belgium, France, Great Britain, and Italy (The Locarno Pact), Negotiated October 16, 1925, Formally Signed in London on December 1, 1925.
86: Kellogg-Briand Pact, Signed at Paris, August 27, 1928.
87: Convention Between the United States of America and Other Powers, Relating to Prisoners of War, Geneva, July 27, 1929.
88: Letter From Konstantin Von Neurath: Withdrawal of Germany From the League of Nations, October 19, 1933.
Bibliography.
Index.
About the Author and Contributors.
Front Cover.
Half Title Page.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Contents.
Introduction.
Map.
Perspective Essays.
1: Did the Paris Peace Settlement that Officially Ended World War I Make World War II Inevitable?.
2: Failure to Enforce the Paris Peace Settlement.
3: The Paris Peace Settlement and the World Outside Europe.
4: The Failure of the Paris Peace Settlement in Eastern Europe.
The War.
5: William Howard Taft on the Proposal for A League of Peace, April 9, 1915.
6: Eugene Debs, “The Prospect for Peace,” American Socialist, February 19, 1916.
7: The House-Grey Memorandum: Confidential Memo of Sir Edward Grey, February 22, 1916.
8: The Mcmahon-Hussein Correspondence July 14, 1915–March 10, 1916.
9: The Sykes-Picot Agreement: Sir Edward Grey to Paul Cambon, May 15–16, 1916.
10: The Balfour Declaration: British Foreign Secretary Arthur J. Balfour to Lord Rothschild, November 2, 1917.
11: President Woodrow Wilson, “The Fourteen Points,” Address to A Joint Session of U.S. Congress, January 8, 1918.
12: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Between the Central Powers and Russia, March 3, 1918.
13: The First German Note to President Woodrow Wilson (October 1918).
14: Terms of the German Armistice With Allied and Associated Powers, November 11, 1918.
15: President Woodrow Wilson, Address to A Joint Session of Congress Concerning the Terms of Armistice Signed by Germany, November 11, 1918.
16: Marcus Garvey, “Advice of the Negro to the Peace Conference,” Editorial, The Negro World, November 30, 1918.
17: Ho Chi Minh (Nguyen Ai Quoc), the Rightful Demands of the Annamite (Vietnamese) People, Declaration Submitted to the Paris Peace Conference, Early 1919.
18: Letter From U.S. Secretary of State Robert Lansing to Poland’s Prime Minister and Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Ignace Jan Paderewski, that the United States Recognized the Provisional Polish Government, January 22, 1919.
19: A German Response to the Treaty of Versailles, Tendered by Delegates to the Paris Peace Conference, May 1919.
The Treaty of Versailles.
20: Articles 1–26: League of Nations.
21: Articles 27–30: Boundaries of Germany.
22: Articles 31–41: Belgium and Luxembourg.
23: Articles 42–50: the Rhine and the Saar Basin.
24: Articles 51–79: Lands Previously Ceded by France.
25: Article 80: Austria.
26: Articles 81–86: the Czech-Slovak State.
27: Articles 87–93: Poland.
28: Articles 94–98: East Prussia.
29: Articles 99–108: Memel and Danzig.
30: Articles 109–115: Schleswig and Heligoland.
31: Articles 116–117: Russia and Russian States.
32: Articles 118–127: German Rights and Interests Outside Germany.
33: Articles 128–154: China, Siam, Liberia, Morocco, and Egypt.
34: Articles 155–158: Turkey, Bulgaria, and Japan.
35: Articles 159–163: Limits on Germany’s Army.
36: Articles 164–172: Limits on Arms and Ammunitions.
37: Articles 173–179: Limits on Military Recruiting and Training.
38: Article 180: Limits on Fortifications.
39: Articles 181–197: Limits on Germany’s Navy.
40: Articles 198–202: Limits on Aircraft.
41: Articles 203–210: The Inter-Allied Commission of Control.
42: Articles 211–213: The 1919 Armistice and the Council of the League of Nations.
43: Articles 214–224: Prisoners of War and Interned Civilians.
44: Articles 225–226: Graves of Soldiers.
45: Articles 227–230: Arraignment of William II.
46: Articles 231–244: Reparations.
47: Articles 245–247: Return of Historical Artifacts.
48: Articles 248–263: The Costs of All Armies.
49: Articles 264–270: Custom Duties.
50: Articles 271–273: Fishing Boats and Shipping.
51: Articles 274–275: Unfair Competition.
52: Articles 276–279: Treatment of Nationals of Allied Powers.
53: Articles 280–281: International Trade.
54: Articles 282–295: Previous Treaties.
55: Article 296 and Annex: Payment of Debts.
56: Articles 297–298 and Annex: Property Seizure.
57: Articles 299–303 and Annex: Pre-War Contracts and Judgments.
58: Articles 304, Annex, and 305: Establishment of A Tribunal.
59: Articles 306–311: Restoration of Property.
60: Article 312: Social and State Security in Ceded Territory.
61: Articles 313–320: Control of Airspace and Airports.
62: Articles 321–327: Ports, Railways, and Waterways.
63: Articles 328–330: Free Zones in Ports.
64: Articles 331–353: International Rivers.
65: Articles 354–362: Navigation of the Rhine River.
66: Articles 363–364: Control of Ports.
67: Articles 365–369: International Transport.
68: Articles 370–374: Wagons and Railway Lines.
69: Articles 375–378: Treaty Disputes.
70: Articles 379–386: Decisions on Transport.
71: Articles 387–427: Establishment of the International Labour Organization.
72: Articles 428–433: Soldiers in Western Europe and Russia.
73: Articles 434–440: Recognition of New Nations.
The Peace.
74: President Woodrow Wilson, Address to the U.S. Senate, July 10, 1919.
75: Reservations Drawn Up by Republican Senators to the Treaty of Peace With Germany, November 1919.
76: A Treaty Between the United States and Austria, Signed on August 24, 1921, to Establish Securely Friendly Relations Between the Two Nations, Signed in Vienna on August 24, 1921.
77: One of President Woodrow Wilson’s Final Addresses in Support of the League of Nations, September 25, 1919, Pueblo, Colorado.
78: San Remo Resolution, Published April 25, 1920.
79: Treaty of Peace Between Germany and the United States of America, August 25, 1921.
80: Treaty Between the United States of America, the British Empire, France, and Japan, Signed at Washington December 13, 1921.
81: Limitation of Naval Armament (Five-Power Treaty Or Washington Treaty) Signed by France, the United States, Italy, Japan, and Great Britain in February 1922.
82: Treaty Between the United States of America, Belgium, the British Empire, China, France, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and Portugal (The Nine-Power Pact), Signed in Washington, D.C., February 6, 1922.
83: League of Nations, the British Mandate for Palestine, Passed July 24, 1922, Effective September 29, 1922.
84: A Treaty in Relation to the Use of Submarines and Noxious Gases in Warfare, Signed February 6, 1922.
85: Treaty of Mutual Guarantee Between Germany, Belgium, France, Great Britain, and Italy (The Locarno Pact), Negotiated October 16, 1925, Formally Signed in London on December 1, 1925.
86: Kellogg-Briand Pact, Signed at Paris, August 27, 1928.
87: Convention Between the United States of America and Other Powers, Relating to Prisoners of War, Geneva, July 27, 1929.
88: Letter From Konstantin Von Neurath: Withdrawal of Germany From the League of Nations, October 19, 1933.
Bibliography.
Index.
About the Author and Contributors.