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Folks who are more securely attached to close partners display health

Folks who are more securely attached to close partners display health benefits but the mechanisms underlying this link are not well specified. (e.g. sociable/nonsocial) and contextual factors (e.g. partner’s attachment style). Taking this more nuanced perspective will be important for understanding the conditions under which attachment designs health-related physiological processes as well as downstream health and disease consequences. A wealth of evidence has established that individuals in high quality human relationships and who are socially integrated have fewer health risks than individuals in low quality human relationships or who have few sociable ties [1]. Attachment security which provides a basis for high quality human relationships [2 3 also has been linked to a variety of health-related biological reactions behaviors and results [4-6]. How might attachment in both child years and adulthood shape later Sinomenine hydrochloride on health results? Physiological stress response systems present likely pathways linking attachment to downstream health results. Accordingly we focus here on recent evidence analyzing links between attachment and primary stress response systems: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) sympathetic-adrenal medullary (SAM) and the immune systems [4 7 Attachment Processes and Physiological Stress Responses Attachment styles may shape physiological stress reactions because they function as strategies for regulating stress [2 3 Anxious attached individuals who expect that partners will not be as available or as responsive as they desire rely on hyperactivating strategies leading them to become vigilant in detecting potential risks to persistently transmission their stress and to seek excessive reassurance/support. Sinomenine hydrochloride Avoidantly attached individuals who expect that others will not be responsive rely on deactivating strategies leading them to minimize distress and range themselves from others. Securely attached individuals generally expect that partners will become responsive; they are typically able to regulate stress efficiently and flexibly and when needed they will consider partners for reassurance and support. Number 1 illustrates a conceptual model adapted from previous work [4] for considering how attachment orientations shape health-related physiological stress responses and health and disease results. The model suggests that attachment styles promote strategies for regulating affect the self and behavior in close human relationships. These strategies shape physiological stress response patterns which in turn may offer a pathway linking attachment to downstream health and disease results. Furthermore each partner’s response happens in the context of the relationship and therefore both partners may influence each other’s reactions and results. In addition features of the situational context (e.g. type of stressor or relationship) may moderate the Sinomenine hydrochloride link between attachment and physiological stress responses. We focus here on the link between two components of the model — attachment style and physiological stress reactions – and take into account the dyadic relationship context as well as other features of the situation. Number 1 A conceptual model illustrating the links between attachment style and physiological stress responses as well as health and disease results. Attachment styles promote particular strategies for regulating affect and the self as well as behavior patterns … Attachment and HPA Rules The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is Rabbit polyclonal to ACAP3. definitely a major stress response system that controls the release of cortisol into the blood. Cortisol prepares the body for action and influences and interacts with multiple physiological systems (metabolic immune nervous). Cortisol reactions may link attachment to later health and disease results given that dysregulated Sinomenine hydrochloride atypical cortisol patterns have been associated with a variety of adverse physical and emotional health conditions [8]. Attachment in Childhood A large body of indirect evidence has established that individuals who experienced early child years interpersonal adversity or poor parenting (variables associated with attachment insecurity) evidence dysregulation in HPA axis reactions [9-13] and a variety of health risks later on in existence including metabolic syndrome cardiovascular disease and malignancy [14 15 Gunnar and colleagues were among the first to directly.