Clinisol Description

15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package is a sterile, clear, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of essential and nonessential amino acids. A Pharmacy Bulk Package is a container of a sterile preparation for parenteral use that contains many single doses. The contents are intended for use in a pharmacy admixture program and are restricted to the preparation of admixtures for intravenous infusion.

The VIAFLEX plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl chloride (PL 146 Plastic). Exposure to temperatures above 25ºC/77ºF during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture content. Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that these minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes within the expiration period. The amount of water that can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap is insufficient to affect the solution significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic container can leach out certain of its chemical components in very small amounts within the expiration period, e.g., di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), up to 5 parts per million; however, the safety of the plastic has been confirmed in tests in animals according to USP biological test for plastic containers as well as by tissue culture toxicity studies.

Central Infusion

15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package is intended for use in a pharmacy admixture program and as such is restricted to the preparation of admixtures for intravenous use. 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package given by central venous infusion in combination with energy sources, vitamins, trace elements and electrolytes, will meet the requirements for weight maintenance or weight gain. The energy component may be derived solely from dextrose or may be provided by a combination of dextrose and intravenous fat emulsion.

Peripheral Infusion

15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package, when diluted to an appropriate osmolarity level (718 mOsmol/L) can also be administered by a peripheral vein when use of a central venous catheter is contraindicated.

Indications and Usage for Clinisol

15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package is indicated as an adjunct in the offsetting of nitrogen loss or in the treatment of negative nitrogen balance in patients where: (1) the alimentary tract cannot or should not be used, (2) gastrointestinal absorption of protein is impaired, or (3) metabolic requirements for protein are substantially increased, as with extensive burns.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to one or more amino acids

Severe liver disease or hepatic coma

Anuria

Metabolic disorders involving impaired nitrogen utilization

Warnings

Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store. Because of the potential for life-threatening events, caution should be taken to ensure that precipitates have not formed in any parenteral nutrient admixture.

This injection is for compounding only, not for direct infusion.

Once container closure has been penetrated, withdrawal of contents should be completed within 4 hours. After initial entry, maintain contents at room temperature (25ºC/77ºF).

Any admixture storage should be under refrigeration and limited to a brief period of time, preferably less than 24 hours.

Administration of amino acid solutions at excessive rates or to patients with hepatic insufficiency may result in plasma amino acid imbalances, hyperammonemia, prerenal azotemia, stupor and coma. Conservative doses of amino acids should be given to these patients, dictated by the nutritional status of the patient. Should symptoms of hyperammonemia develop, amino acid administration should be discontinued and the patient's clinical status reevaluated.

WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they require large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.

Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 μg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.

Precautions

General

In order for parenterally administered amino acids to be retained by the body and utilized for protein synthesis adequate calories must be administered concurrently.

The administration of 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package as part of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with large volumes of hyperosmotic fluids requires periodic monitoring of the patient for signs of hyperosmolarity, hyperglycemia, glycosuria and hypertriglyceridemia.

During parenteral nutrition with concentrated dextrose and amino acid solutions, essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome may develop but may not be clinically apparent. Early demonstration of this condition can only be accomplished by analysis of plasma lipids. The syndrome may be prevented or corrected by appropriate treatment with intravenous fat emulsions.

For complete nutritional support, TPN regimens must also include multiple vitamins and trace elements. Potentially incompatible ions such as calcium and phosphate may be added to alternate infusate containers to avoid precipitation.

Initiation and termination of infusions of TPN fluids must be gradual to permit adjustment of endogenous insulin release.

Caution should be exercised against volume overload.

Do not administer unless solution is clear.

TPN delivered through a central or large peripheral vein is a special technique requiring a team effort by physician, nurse and pharmacist. The responsibility for administering this therapy should be confined to those trained in the procedures and alert to signs of complications. Complications known to occur from the placement of central venous catheters include sepsis and vein irritation due to hypertonicity of the infused solution. The risk of sepsis is present during intravenous therapy, especially when using central venous catheters for prolonged periods. It is imperative that the preparation of admixtures and the placement and care of the catheters be accomplished under controlled aseptic conditions. It is essential that a carefully prepared protocol, based on current medical practices be followed.

Drug product contains no more than 25 μg/L of aluminum.

Laboratory Tests

Frequent clinical evaluations and laboratory determinations are necessary for proper monitoring during administration.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility:

Long term animal studies with 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility.

Pregnancy:

Teratogenic EffectsPregnancy Category C.

Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package. It is also not known whether 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

Nursing Mothers:

Pediatric Use:

Safety and effectiveness of 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection in pediatric patients have not been established by adequate and well-controlled studies. However, the use of amino acid injections in pediatric patients as an adjunct in the offsetting of nitrogen loss or in the treatment of negative nitrogen balance is referenced in the medical literature. See Dosage and Administration.

Adverse Reactions

Local reactions consisting of a warm sensation, erythema, phlebitis and thrombosis at the infusion site have occurred with peripheral intravenous infusion of amino acids. In such cases the infusion site should be changed promptly to another vein. Generalized flushing, fever and nausea also have been reported during peripheral infusions of amino acid solutions.

Sepsis has been reported following intravenous therapy, especially when using central venous catheters for prolonged periods.

Complications known to occur from the placement of central venous catheters are pneumothorax, hemothorax, hydrothorax, artery puncture and transection injury to the brachial plexus, malposition of the catheter, formation of arteriovenous fistula, phlebitis, thrombosis and air and catheter emboli.

Clinisol Dosage and Administration

Doses which achieve nitrogen equilibrium or positive balance are the most desirable. The dosage on the first day should be approximately half the anticipated optimal dosage and should be increased gradually to minimize glycosuria; similarly, withdrawal should be accomplished gradually to avoid rebound hypoglycemia.

Fat emulsion coadministration should be considered when prolonged (more than 5 days) parenteral nutrition is required in order to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD).

Pediatric Use:

Use of 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection in pediatric patients is governed by the same considerations that affect the use of any amino acid solution in pediatrics. The amount administered is dosed on the basis of grams of amino acids/kg of body weight/day. Two to three g/kg of body weight for infants with adequate calories are generally sufficient to satisfy protein needs and promote positive nitrogen balance. Solutions administered by peripheral vein should not exceed twice normal serum osmolarity (718 mOsmol/L).

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration.

A slight yellow color does not alter the quality and efficacy of this product.

Additives may be incompatible. Complete information is not available. Those additives known to be incompatible should not be used. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When compounding admixtures, use aseptic technique. Mix thoroughly. Do not store any unused portion of 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package.

Central Vein Infusion

In unstressed adult patients with no unusual nitrogen losses, a minimum dosage of 0.1 gram nitrogen (4.2 mL of 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package) plus 4.4 grams (15 calories) of dextrose/fat emulsion per kilogram of body weight per day is required to achieve nitrogen balance and weight stability. For patients stressed by surgery, trauma or sepsis, and those with unusual nitrogen losses, the dosage required for maintenance may be as high as 0.3 to 0.4 grams of nitrogen (13 to 17 mL 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package) per kilogram of body weight per day, with proportionate increases in non-protein calories. Periodic assessment of nitrogen balance of the individual patient is the best indicator of proper dosage. Use of an infusion pump is advisable to maintain a steady infusion rate during central venous infusion.

Peripheral Infusion

In patients for whom central vein catheterization is not advisable, admixtures with 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package can be administered by peripheral vein. Dilution of 250 mL 15% Clinisol - sulfite-free (Amino Acid) Injection Pharmacy Bulk Package in 750 mL of 10% dextrose will reduce the osmolarity to a level (718 mOsmol/L) which is more favorable to the maintenance of the integrity of the walls of the veins. If infused simultaneously, fat emulsion will provide a dilution effect upon the osmolarity, as well. In pediatric patients, the final solution should not exceed twice normal serum osmolarity (718 mOsmol/L).

DIRECTIONS FOR USE OF VIAFLEX PLASTIC PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE CONTAINER

Do not use if overpouch has been previously opened or damaged.

To Open

Tear overpouch at notch and remove solution container. Visually inspect the container. If the Admin port protector is damaged, detached, or not present, discard container as solution path sterility may be impaired. Some opacity of the plastic may be observed and will diminish gradually. Check for minute leaks by squeezing inner bag firmly. If leaks are found, discard.

Preparation for Admixing

1.

The Pharmacy Bulk Package is to be used only in a suitable aseptic work area.

2.

Suspend container.

3.

Remove plastic protector from port.

4.

Attach a suitable sterile transfer device or dispensing set which allows measured dispensing of the contents. Refer to complete directions accompanying device.

5.

VIAFLEX containers should not be written on directly since ink migration has not been investigated. Affix accompanying label for date and time of entry.

ADDITIVES MAY BE INCOMPATIBLE CONSULT WITH
PHARMACIST IF AVAILABLE WHEN COMPOUNDING
ADMIXTURES USE ASEPTIC TECHIQUE
MIX THOROUGHLY DO NOT STORE

DOSAGE ADMIX FOR INTRAVEOUS ADMINISTRATION AS DIRECTED
BY A PHYSICIAN SEE ACCOMPANYING DIRECTIONS FOR USEONCE CONTAINER CLOSURE HAS BEEN PENETRATED WITHDRAWALOF CONTENTS SHOULD BE COMPLETED WITHIN 4 HOURS
AFFIX ACCOMPANYING LABEL FOR DATE AND TIME OF ENTRY

CAUTION DO NOT USE UNLESS SOLUTION IS CLEAR

A SLIGHT YELLOW COLOR DOES NOT ALTER THE QUALITY AND EFFICACY OF
THE PRODUCT