The upper jaw: the structure, function and possible damage

12 August, 2017

correct structure and physiological capabilities of all organs and tissues of the human face is determined not only health but also the appearance.What deviation can be in the development of the upper jaw, and is responsible for what this body?

features in the structure of the upper jaw

upper jaw - bone of steam, which consists of a body and four processes.Localized in the upper front face of the skull, and carry it to the pneumatic bone, due to the fact that it has a cavity lined with mucosa.

The following processes of the upper jaw, which got its name from the location:

frontal process;

zygomatic process;

alveolar bone;

palatal bone.

avilable processes

also the body of the upper jaw has four surfaces: the front, orbital, infratemporal and nasal.

surface orbital triangular in shape, is smooth to the touch and slightly tilted forward - forms a wall of the eye socket (orbit).

front surface of the body of the mandible slightly curved, it opens directly on the orbital hole, which is loca

ted below the canine fossa.

nose surface on the structure - a complex formation.It has the maxillary cleft, which leads to the maxillary sinus.

zygomatic process also forms the upper jaw, the structure and functions that depend on the normal functioning of all processes and surfaces.

functions and distinctive features

What processes in the body and the skull can trigger pathological changes in the structure and function of bones?

upper jaw is responsible for a number of processes:

engaged in the act of chewing, distributes the load on the teeth of the upper jaw.

determine the correct location of all processes.

form spaces for the mouth and nose, as well as their partitions.

Pathological processes

upper jaw because of its structure and the presence of sinus is much easier to lower, its volume is about 5 cm3, because the chance to injure the bone increases.

jaw itself is fixed by the fact that the firm merges with the rest of the skull.

Possible pathological changes is particularly prevalent fracture of the jaw (upper or lower).The injury heals top is much easier than bone of the lower jaw, because it, because of its structure and location, do not move that accelerates regeneration of its bone.

Besides all kinds of fractures and dislocations, on examination at the dentist can detect a bulk process as a cyst of the upper jaw, which requires surgery to remove it.

The body of the upper jaw has a maxillary sinus, which, when not properly treated teeth (and not only) can become inflamed and there is sinusitis - another pathological process of the jaw.

blood supply.Innervation

blood supply of the upper jaw is due to the jaw artery and its branches.Teeth alveolar bone innervated by the trigeminal nerve, and more specifically - the maxillary branch.

When inflammation of the trigeminal nerve or facial pain may spread to the perfectly healthy teeth, which leads to a false diagnosis and sometimes even takes a wrong tooth extraction in the upper jaw.

case of wrong diagnosis more frequent, because ignoring the additional tests and relying solely on the subjective feelings of the patient, the doctor of the patient's health risk as well as its reputation.

Features teeth on the upper jaw

The upper jaw has a similar lower number of teeth.The teeth of the upper jaw, or rather their roots, have their differences, which are in their amount and direction.

According to statistics, the wisdom tooth on the upper jaw usually erupt first and to the right.

Since the bone of the upper jaw is much thinner than the bottom, then the removal of teeth has its own characteristics and special technique of.To do this, use the tweezers to remove dental teeth on the upper jaw, which has another name - the bayonet.

Improper removal of root fracture can occur because the upper jaw, a structure that does not allow to apply a force, needs additional methods of diagnosis to surgical procedures.Most often in such applications is carried out X-ray examination - orthopantomography or CT scan of the jaw body.

Surgeries

Why the removal of the upper jaw, and how to restore normal function after surgery?

presented procedure in dentistry is known as maksillektomiya.

The indications for surgery are:

Malignant tumors in the body of the upper jaw and its process, as well as abnormal growth of tissue of the nose, paranasal sinuses and mouth.

Benign tumors can also, with the progressive development, become an excuse to remove the body of the upper jaw.

When a significant distribution of the pathological process, when the operation will not be a decisive step in the treatment of disease, but only burden the cancer patient.

Preoperative cancer patient is a thorough preliminary survey aimed at identifying other pathologies in the patient, as well as localization of abnormal growths.

diagnostic measures performed before a full medical history, aimed at clarifying the etiologic factors and genetic predisposition.

before any surgical procedures also need to undergo a full examination, and other specialists.This, above all, an eye doctor - to determine the status of the normal functioning of the eye and the possibility of complications after surgery.

The upper jaw has on his body the eye hole and sinuses because of their full survey carried out before maksillektomiey mandatory.

Also, before surgery is recommended to make a tomography of the head and neck, which improves the overall picture of the patient and allows more clearly see the location of the tumor process.

During the operation, it may happen complication - a broken jaw (upper) or the wrong section of the facial nerve can be affected.Any complications can affect the development of malignancy because of maksillektomii - is the risk for the state of cancer patients.

Congenital

upper jaw can be damaged in utero, which entails a congenital jaw and all facial.

What could be the reason for her abnormal development before birth?

genetic predisposition. prevent this is impossible, but with proper orthodontic and orthopedic treatment after birth can correct congenital deformities and restore the normal functioning of the upper jaw.

injuries while carrying the baby can change the physiological course of pregnancy and provoke lesions, which are most exposed to the upper jaw.Also bad habits mother and use of certain medications during pregnancy may be a decisive factor in the occurrence of congenital abnormalities.

pathologies

Among the pathological processes affecting the development of the jaw release:

Hereditary anomalies (anomalies that arise during embryonic development of the fetus) - unilateral or bilateral facial cleft, microgeny full or partially edentulous (noteeth), hypoplasia of the nose and sinuses and others.

Warp machine dental system, which originate in the development of the jaw under the influence of various unfavorable factors: endogenous or exogenous.

secondary deformation processes dentoalveolar apparatus, which arise as a result of the traumatic effects on the organs of the facial skull, and also due to mismanagement of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer.

anomalies of the teeth.Adentia

most frequent pathologies of teeth on the upper jaw can be called adentia, which, depending on the cause, there is a partial (no more teeth) and complete (absence of teeth).

also sometimes possible to observe the movement of the distal cutter to produce false diastema.

To diagnose the pathology represented using X-ray examination (orthopantomography) that most accurately shows the location and cause of the disease.

Deformation supernumerary teeth in the jaw - a possible outcome of a pathological process that begins during fetal development.That may entail the presence of additional teeth, which do not fulfill any function in the process of chewing?

presence of supernumerary teeth in the alveolar bone of the upper jaw can provoke its deformation.This causes excessive growth of the alveolar process, which adversely affects not only the correct arrangement of the teeth, but also on the physiological development of the upper jaw.

Prevention of anomalies and damage the jaw

particularly important from an early age to follow the development of the jaw, undergo regular examinations by a dentist and treat all diseases of the oral cavity.

If you have a child or obvious anomalies location growth of teeth should immediately pass a comprehensive examination, and not only a dentist, but also by an endocrinologist, neurologist.Sometimes anomalies in the development of the jaw associated with the violation of the general condition of the body.

treatment of congenital anomalies has been a branch of dentistry like orthodontics, who studies the normal functioning of the oral cavity, as well as diagnose and correct the pathological abnormalities.The treatment is best done at an early age, because to delay the visit to the dentist before the eruption of the teeth or the complete destruction of the jaw is not necessary.

Oral health - is key to the proper functioning of the digestive and respiratory system, as well as a guarantee of the child's mental health and normal development.The psychological factor in this issue plays an important role, as the face of a man - this is his calling card.Running strain disfiguring leave a mark on the psycho-emotional state and form a set of fears and phobias, until sociopathic state.

Proper nutrition, eating solid food, hygiene and sanitation of the rational - the key to the healthy development of the upper jaw and all of the oral cavity.