The Discourse Modes introduce situation entities into the universe of discourse,
and have different principles of text progression. The information is conveyed by
forms of aspect and temporal location. The two are complementary. Temporal
location locates a situation in time, while aspect specifies the internal temporal
structure of the situation. This chapter is devoted to aspect; temporal location
is discussed in Chapter 5.

The understanding of aspect is the key to the analysis of Discourse Modes,
because the situation entities are aspectual in nature. The Discourse Modes
characteristically introduce different types of situation entities. Passages of
the Narrative and Report modes primarily involve Events and States. The
Description mode primarily concerns States and ongoing Events. The Information mode primarily has General Statives; the Argument mode primarily has
Abstract Entities, Facts and Propositions, and General Statives. After a brief
introduction to aspectual systems, this chapter discusses the concepts of situation entities and their linguistic correlates, and how aspectual information is
encoded in Discourse Representation Theory.

Section 4.1 introduces the two components of aspectual systems and discusses Event and State situation types, including shifts of one type to another;
4.2 discusses General Statives; 4.3 discusses Abstract Entities; 4.4 discusses
the linguistic correlates for the three major classes of situation type; 4.5 covers
aspectual information in Discourse Representation Structures.

4.1 Aspectual categories

4.1.1 The two components of aspectual systems

Aspect is a sub-system of language that conveys information about the internal
temporal structure of situations. Aspectual systems have two components, situation type and viewpoint (Smith 1991). The components interact in sentences.1

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