Please use caution when preparing or eating any parts of a plant.
Identification of the species and knowledge of a plantís toxicity are both
essential before using any plant species medicinally or otherwise. Please
consult with a heath professional before attempting to treat any ailment.

Leave
seeds in when cooking as they add to flavor. Also dry berries and
make into cakes, add to soup or vegetables for flavoring. Pound
berries, mix with dried meat and animal fat, form into pemmican
cakes.

Cover
with water and boil until it most of liquid is evaporated. Makes
natural sweetener sort of like molasses. After seeds are ripe in
spring, dig roots. Cook in fire pit for 24 hours. Cooked bulbs can
be flattened into a cake and dried. Early settlers made these into
pies but if too much is eaten it will act as purgative and emetic.

Shell,
dry, grind. Original Peoples put this meal into a sand hollow, cover
with twigs of Douglas Fir, Cedar or White Fir to break force of
water poured over to leach the meal. A sieve could be used instead.
This was done about 10 times. To remove meal, a hand was pressed
into it and the adhering meal put in a basket. Any sand in the meal
was washed out by pouring water through basket. Leaching through
Cedar gives good flavor. Meal used for soup, bread and pudding. One
kind of bread made by wrapping dough in fern leaves and baking in
hot ashes.

To
make a sweet using fresh petals, paint each petal with egg
white/water mixture and dust with superfine sugar. Dry. Use for
garnish in desserts, especially cakes. Dried hips are extremely high
in vitamin C, good source of beta carotene (vitamin A) bioflavinoids,
pectin. Use them wherever you'd like a sweetener. Dried hips are
tasty as tea--boil, covered, about 10 minutes until hips burst using
2 tablespoons per pint of water. Save hips after making tea to enjoy
as vegetable with butter and salt.

WARNING! Leaves, stems, twigs and roots
of these plants are poisonous!

Wonderful
dessert for special occasions: remove fresh flowers from big stems,
keeping little ones to hold clusters together. Dip into batter and
fry. Good with orange juice squeezed over top and sprinkled with
sugar. Fresh berries are acquired taste. Dried berries are good, use
as raisins, higher in vitamin C than oranges, good calcium and
potassium. Dried flowers are good tea--pick in bunches and dry in
shade for 2 weeks, brush petals off stems and continue drying until
first frost. Pour 1 qt hot water over 1 cup dried flowers.