In this work, multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on a silicon chip are functionalized with the leaf-like morphology of copper oxide (CuO) and are effectively used for the development of sensitive glucose sensor by immobilizing glucose oxidase on hybrid CuO/CNT structures. The CuO functionalization of carbon nanotubes was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The CuO nanoleaf was firmly bound to the carbon nanotubes and the hybrid materials were only composed of CuO and carbon nanotubes. The glucose oxidase was physically adsorbed on the CuO functionalized carbon nanotubes which further resulted as a sensitive, selective, stable, repeatable and reproducible glucose biosensor. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor was found to be 64.5 mV/decade and a fast response time of less than 10 s. The results obtained in this study indicate a novel hybrid nanomaterial (CuO/CNT) glucose sensor on a chip for monitoring different concentrations of glucose from pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.