Single-crop farming is a form of specialised farming. If a farmer specialises in crop enterprise, it is left to him to produce a single crop or a multiplicity of crops.

In practice, it may happen that a farmer seldom produces a single crop except in the case of cash crops such as sugarcane, etc. Even if a farmer wishes to specialise in crop cultivation, he will often choose more than one crop to safeguard against market uncertainties and also to ensure optimum utilisation of his resources. It may therefore, be observed that neither a single crop nor a multiplicity of crops would be a desirable proposition.