Ans. One of the monitoring tool is mtr, It is GUI tool is vety useful for live packet loose monitor

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Q. How can I compress a whole directory under Linux / UNIX using a shell prompt?

A. It is very easy to compress a Whole Linux/UNIX directory. It is useful to backup files, email all files, or even to send software you have created to friends. Technically, it is called as a compressed archive. GNU tar command is best for this work. It can be use on remote Linux or UNIX server. It does two things for you:
=> Create the archive
=> Compress the archive

You need to use tar command as follows (syntax of tar command):tar -zcvf archive-name.tar.gz directory-name
Where,

-z: Compress archive using gzip program

-c: Create archive

-v: Verbose i.e display progress while creating archive

-f: Archive File name

For example, you have directory called /home/jerry/prog and you would like to compress this directory then you can type tar command as follows:$ tar -zcvf prog-1-jan-2005.tar.gz /home/jerry/prog

Above command will create an archive file called prog-1-jan-2005.tar.gz in current directory. If you wish to restore your archive then you need to use following command (it will extract all files in current directory):$ tar -zxvf prog-1-jan-2005.tar.gz

Where,

-x: Extract files

If you wish to extract files in particular directory, for example in /tmp then you need to use following command:$ tar -zxvf prog-1-jan-2005.tar.gz -C /tmp
$ cd /tmp
$ ls -

total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 438 426 12 0 0 88
Swap: 1906 291 1615
Total: 2344 717 1627
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Q. Copying File or Folder with its Original Attribute using scp and rsyncA. Here are the important switch for scp
-p Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the original file.
-r Recursively copy entire directories. Note that scp follows symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal.
-v Verbose mode. Causes scp and ssh(1) to print debugging messages about their progress. This is helpful in
debugging connection, authentication, and configuration problems.
$ scp -prv abcd@abcd.com abcd@efgh.com:
Using rsync Command
--progress show progress during transfer
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
-r, --recursive recurse into directories
-a, --archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
-u, --update skip files that are newer on the receiver
-e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use
--rsync-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on the remote machine
rsync --progress -vaur abc@abc.com:/def.tar.gz --rsync-path=/usr/local/bin/rsync --rsh=ssh .
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Q. http/https tunneling using SSH
A.
$ssh -L 8888:www.linuxhorizon.ro:80 user@computer -N
where:
-L - port forwarding parameters (see below)
localport - local port (chose a port that is not in use by other service)
host - server that has the port (hostport) that you want to forward
hostport - remote port
-N - do not execute a remote command, (you will not have the shell, see below)
user - user that have ssh access to the ssh server (computer)
ssh_server - the ssh server that will be used for forwarding/tunneling
Without the -N option you will have not only the forwardig port but also the remote
shell. Try with and without it to see the difference.
This example (see above) show you how to setup your ssh tunnel for web. It is useful to use http/https
when you don't have direct access to the http server.
For the ASCII art and lynx browser fans here is illustrated the first example:
+----------+<--port 22-->+----------+<--port 80-->o-----------+
|SSH Client|-------------|ssh_server|-------------| host |
+----------+ +----------+ o-----------+
localhost:8888 computer www.linuxhorizon.ro:80
...And finally:
Open your browser and go to http://localhost:8888 to see if your tunnel is working.
That's all folks!
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Install Nvida driver in Ubuntu
1st Lost the driver details