An aging population, changing lifestyles, and possibly pollution are driving up the number of dementia sufferers in China: a study in The Lancet last year estimated a 53% rise between 2000 and 2010 to 5.7 million cases of Alzheimer’s alone. The country has at most 300 doctors specializing in dementia, however, and traditional family support systems already eroded by family planning policies and economic migration are likely to be overwhelmed. From Natasha Khan and