Sinus Headache

Definition

Sinus headache refers to head and facial pain associated with congestion, inflammation, or infection of the sinuses (sinusitis). The sinuses are hollow cavities in the skull that have openings into the nose.
Colds
and
allergies cause congestion and inflammation of the nasal passages and can lead to sinusitis. Sinus headache is a symptom of sinusitis.

Causes

Allergies and viral upper respiratory infections increase nasal secretions and cause tissue lining the nasal passages to swell. This results in nasal congestion and stuffiness. The opening into the sinuses become blocked and normal drainage cannot occur. Secretions that are trapped in the sinuses build up and may become infected with bacteria or, rarely, fungus. The swollen tissue, mucous build-up, or infection may create pain and pressure.

Diagnosis

Nasal endoscopy—to look inside your nose and possibly take samples of drainage to be tested

Treatment

Sinus headache treatment aims to:

Open the nasal passages

Treat any infection

Allow sinus cavities to drain

Treatment may include:

Medications

Medications may include:

Pain relievers

Antihistamines to treat nasal allergies

Decongestants to open clogged nasal passages, which allows the sinuses to drain

Steroid nasal spray to reduce inflammation

Antibiotics—only if a bacterial infection has developed

Self-care for a Headache

Self-care includes:

Breathe warm, moist air. Try inhaling steam.

Mist of saline nasal spray to moisten the nasal passages and help remove crusty secretions. A saline spray can be used up to 6 times per day.

Ask your doctor for directions on how to perform nasal irrigation that you can do at home.

Drink plenty of fluids

Do not smoke. If you smoke, talk to your doctor about how you can
quit.

Avoid second-hand smoke and polluted air.

Surgery

Surgery is usually not required. People with a structural abnormality or chronic sinusitis that do not respond to medications may benefit from surgery. The doctor may perform one of several procedures to enlarge the opening to your sinuses or clean out your sinus cavities.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.