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May‘ 29, 1962
L. C. FOX
~ 3,036,808
STEPPED-OPENING SOLENOID VALVE
Filed June 29, 1959
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IO
I NVE N‘TO R
LEONARD C. FO
BYgé
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HIS AGFNT
United States
3,%35,808
Eta
Patented May 29, 1962
1
2
sleeve 36 limits the travel of plunger 32 toward the right
3,036,808
when the winding 28 is energized and serves to complete
with frame members 34 and 36 and the cover 26, a low
STEPPED-OPENING SOLENOID VALVE
Leonard C. Fox, Moiine Acres, Ma, assignor, by mesne
assignments, to Emerson-White-Rodgers Company, a
reluctance path for the magnetic ?eld generated ‘by the
winding 28.
corporation of Missouri
Filed June 29, 1959, Ser. No. 823,608
7 Claims. (Cl. 251—54)
A push rod 44, press ?tted into a longitudinal bore in
plunger 32, projects from the right end of the plunger
and extends through stop member 42 and engages the up
This invention relates to normally closed, solenoid op
per free end of an upstanding arm 46. The arm 46 is
erated valves for controlling the ?ow of fuel to gas-?red 10 attached at its lower end by a screw 48 to the interiorly
furnaces and more particularly to the provision of means
extending portion of a rocker shaft 50‘, which rocker shaft
for effecting the “stepped-opening” operation of the. valve,
is journalled in opposite walls 52 and 54- of the casing
wherein, upon energization of the solenoid, the valve
24 and extends exteriorly of the casing through the casing
opens partially a predetermined amount so as to supply a
wall 54, as shown in FIG. 3. In order to provide a seal
limited, initial amount of fuel to establish a limited, in 15 against leakage of liquid from casing 24 through the
itial combustion in the furnace combustion chamber, then
rocker shaft journal in wall 54-, a pair of rubber 0 rings
dwells in this partially open position for an interval to
55 are ?tted in suitable annular grooves in the rocker
permit the development of natural draft through the com~
shaft 50. Attached ‘at one end to the exteriorly extend
bustion chamber and then moves to its full open position.
ing portion of shaft Si} by a screw 56 is a second horizon
This manner of valve operation precludes objectionable
tally arranged arrn57 which carries at its free end a valve
?ame roll-out in compact furnaces of relatively large heat
58 arranged to cooperate with the valve seat 20 to con
output.
trol the flow of fuel through the valve body 10‘. A com
An object of the invention is to provide a normally
pression spring 60 acting through the arms 46 and 57
closed solenoid operated gas valve having means opera
biases the valve 58 in a closed position on valve seat 20
tive to arrest the valve at a predetermined partially open 25 and returns plunger 32 to the left ‘when the winding 28
position as it is being opened by the solenoid, to detain
is de-energized.
it in this partially open position for a predetermined in
The mm 46 carries a plate 62 which is pivotally mount
ed at its lower end to the arm 46. The pivotal connec—
tion of the lower end of plate 62 to arm 46 is accom
terval and to then permit it to continue to a full open
position;
A further object is to include means in a “stepped 30 plished by providing a pair of formed tangs 64 on the
opening” solenoid operated gas valve of the above char
lower end of plate 62. which are entered into the perfora
acter for selectively varying the point at which the valve,
tions 63‘ as indicated. The arm 46 and plate 62 have en
when being opened, is momentarily detained;
larged, circular, upper portions which provide extensive,
More speci?cally, it is an object to utilize the charac
?at, adjacent, matching surfaces. The plate 62 is pro~
teristic, slowly yielding resistance to separation of a pair 35 vided with a plurality of small circular coined bosses 66
of very closely spaced parallel plates immersed in a vis
cous liquid to detain the valve in some partially open po
sition for a predetermined interval.
Further objects and advantages will appear from the
following description and accompanying drawing in
which;
of uniform height to provide a minimum spacing between
the meeting ?at surfaces of arm 46 and plate 62. A
formed leaf spring 68 attached at one end at 70 to arm
46 presses at its free end against plate 62 to urge it to
40 ward the arm 46. The plate 62 is provided vwith a per
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a sole
noid valve constructed in accordance with the present in
foration 72 at the center of its upper circular portion to
permit the plunger push rod 44- to pass freely there
through to engage arm 46. The arm 46 is provided with
a clearance perforation 74 for the free passage there
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary portion of the view in FIG. 1, 45 through of a threadedly adjustable stop screw 76 adapted
vention;
showing the device in a different operative position;
FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the sole
noid valve taken along line 3—3 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary cross—sectional view
of the parallel plates showing means for uniformly‘ spac
ing the plates in close proximity.
Referring to the drawing in more detail, a valve body
is indicated at 10 having an inlet passageway 12, an outlet
passageway 14, and a partition 16 separating the inlet and
outlet passages. The partition 16 has a port 18 therein 55
?tted with a resilient valve seat 20.
Mounted on the
valve body and attached thereto by suitable means is an
to be engaged by the plate 62 when the arm 46 and plate
62 are rotated together with shaft 50 in a clockwise direc
tion. The offset of the hinge tangs 64 on the plate 62 is
made somewhat greater than the thickness of the arm 46
through which they pass so that the entire plate 62 may
be moved perpendicular a slight amount with respect to
the arm.
'
Operation
The device is shown in a de-energized position in FIG.
1 with valve 58 in a closed position on seat 20, the plung
er 32 in its returned position, and the plate 62 biased in
close proximity with the upper part of arm 46 as limited
upper casing 24 which houses the solenoid valve actuator.
by the small bosses 6. Under these conditions when so
The casing is ?lled with a viscous liquid 22 and is provid~
ed with a sealing top cover 26 of magnetic material from 60 lenoid winding 28 is energized the plunger 32 moves to
ward the right and through the push rod 44 the arm 46
which the solenoid actuator is suspended in the liquid.
with hinged plate 62 and arm 57 with connected valve 28
The solenoid actuator comprises a winding 28, a com
are rotated together with shaft ‘50* in a clockwise direc
tral plunger sleeve 30 of non-magnetic material, and a
plunger 32 of magnetic material slidably arranged in the
tion. When the hinged plate 62 engages the end of ad
plunger guide sleeve 30. The solenoid Winding 28 is en 65 justable stop screw '76, movement of arm. 46 is arrested
cased in a supporting frame of magnetic material consist
by the resistance to separation of the closely spaced sur
ing of members 34 and 36 each having a formed leg in
faces of plate 62 and arm 46 and the valve 58 is therefore
dicated at 38 and 40 respectively, which legs are attached
detained.
to the underside of the cover 26 in any suitable manner
This resistance to separation of plate 62 ‘and arm
such as welding. A centrally perforated plunger stop 70 46 is due to molecular friction or the resistance to flow
member 42 of magnetic material ?xed in the right end of
of the surrounding viscous liquid into the space between
3,086,808
4
the closely spaced surfaces of these members. It is to
be understood that while the movement of the solenoid
plunger and valve is not stopped completely when the
plate 62.‘ engages stop screw 76, their movement is, never
theless, retarded for some de?nite interval to a very low
velocity wherein motion is imperceptible and entirely
negligible in its effect to increase fuel flow, and this
I claim:
1. In a solenoid valve assembly, a normally closed
valve, a solenoid actuator operatively connected to said
valve and ‘which when energized opens said valve, means
forming a chamber, a viscous liquid in said chamber, a
?rst movably mounted member in said chamber having a
flat surface immersed in said liquid and being mounted for
movement in a plane to move its ?at surface transversely
retardation is therefore referred to hereinafter as an arrest
in said liquid, means including an element extending
or detention of the valve as it is being opened. The in
terval of detention of the valve will vary with the force 10 through a wall of said chamber for connecting said ?rst
member ‘to said valve for movement therewith, a second
applied by the solenoid plunger, the area and shape of
member in said chamber carried by said ?rst member
the closely spaced surfaces, the viscosity of the liquid in
and having a flat surface immersed in said liquid and ar
which they are immersed, and the spacing between the
ranged in face to face relationship with the ?at surface of
surfaces.
said ?rst member, and said second member being mov
By way of example; an average valve detention of seven
ably mounted on said ?rst member for movement of its
(7) seconds was achieved in an experimental construc
?at surface toward and away from the ?at surface of
tion in which the meeting ?at surfaces of hinged plate
said ?rst member, and being arranged on that side of
62 and arm 46 were rectangular in shape, .562. x .437 inch,
said ?rst member which becomes the trailing side thereof
with a central perforation of .110 inch diameter, result—
ing in ‘a net area of .23 66- square inch, the spacing of the 20 when said ?rst member is moved with said valve in a
valve opening direction by said actuator, resilient means
surfaces being .0005 inch, the liquid in which they were
acting on said second member to bias its ?at surface
immersed being a silicone oil of 10,000 centistokes viscos
ity and the net separating force applied by the solenoid
against that of said ?rst member, whereby said ?rst and
plunger at the center of the flat surface of arm 46 being
second members normally move in unison with said
20 grams. The reaction force applied to plate 62‘ by stop
valve, and stop means arranged to be engaged by said
screw 76 was applied at a point outside of the surface
second member as it is being moved with said ?rst mem
area. By spacing the surfaces slightly as in the order of
.0005 inch and using a more viscous liquid, rather than
using a less viscous liquid and permitting the surfaces to
come into direct contact, greater uniformity of the de
tention interval was achieved. Moreover, by providing
ber in a valve opening ‘direction, thereby to momentarily
detain the opening movement of said valve until said
contiguous immersed surfaces separate under the force
of said solenoid actuator.
this ?xed slight spacing of the surfaces, the time required
for the surfaces to return to their minimum spacing at
a given bias force is greatly reduced and ?atness of the
surfaces required to attain uniform detention time is
rendered considerably less critical than when the surfaces
are permitted to contact over their whole area, thereby
rendering the device adaptable to low-‘cost manufacture.
At the termination of the interval of detention the
arm 46 characteristically breaks away abruptly from the
2. In a solenoid valve assembly, a normally closed
valve, means forming a chamber, a liquid in said chamber,
a solenoid actuator in said chamber having a reciprocat
ing plunger immersed in said liquid, means including a
member extending through a wall of said chamber op
eratively connecting said valve with said plunger whereby
said valve is moved to a fully open position as said plunger
is moved in one direction upon energization of said actu
ator, resilient means operative to move said plunger in
an opposite direction and said connected valve to a closed
plate 62' and continues its counterclockwise rotation under
the force of the solenoid plunger until the plunger engages
its limiting stop 42‘. At this point the valve 58‘ is fully
open, as indicated in FIG. 2. Upon dc-energization of the
winding 28, the return spring 60 ‘acting on arm 46 returns
the valve 58 to its seat and the plunger to its de-energized
position. As the arm 46 is being returned counterclock
wise from its position in FIG. 2 to the position shown
in FIG. 1 by the spring 60, the leaf spring 68 acts to
return plate 62 ‘to its closely spaced relationship with
position when said actuator is die-energized, a pair of
movable members in said chamber, each having a flat
surface immersed in said liquid and arranged face to
face with that of the other, said members being mounted
for relative movement in a plane transverse to their ?at
surfaces, one of said members being operatively con
nected to said plunger and being arranged to be moved by
said plunger in a direction to tend to separate its ?at
surface from that surface of the other member as said
arm 46. As the surfaces on plate 612. and arm 46 approach
their minimum spacing as provided by the bosses 66, their
biasing the surface of said other member against that
of said one member, whereby said members normally
relative movement toward each other is slowed down con
move in unison with their flat surfaces together in a
plunger moves in a valve opening direction, resilient means
valve opening direction, stop means arranged to be en
siderably due to the viscosity of the liquid in which they
are immersed and the time required for the plates to 55 gaged by said other member as said members are moved
by said plunger in a valve opening ‘direction, thereby to
arrive at their minimum spacing will vary with the strength
arrest valve opening movement until said members are
of leaf spring 68‘ for a given viscosity liquid.
separated, and said meeting ?at surfaces being of such
It is to be understood that plate 62 and arm 46 may
area and the liquid in which they are immersed being of
be independently slidably mounted for relative move
ment axially of the plunger if desired so that the entire 60 such viscosity as to require a predetermined interval. to
effect the separation of said flat surfaces under the force
relative and unidirectional movement of these members
of said actuator.
.
is perpendicular to their ?at surfaces. Also, the adjust
able stop means may be so arranged that its reacting force
will be applied to the center of the ?at surface of the en
gaging member and in line with the axis of the plunger.
In such arrangement there would be no» peeling action
during plate separation as occurs in the arrangement
shown in the drawing, and less area of the meeting sur
faces or a less viscous liquid could be employed to at
tain the same detention interval, but it is not found that 70
any greater uniformity of detention time could be attained
with such arrangement.
The foregoing description is intended to be illustrative
and not limiting, the scope of the invention being set forth
75
in the appended claims.
3. In a solenoid valve assembly, a valve, means biasing
said valve in a closed position, a solenoid actuator op
eratively connected to said valve and which "when ener
gized moves said valve to an open position, means form
ing a chamber, a viscous liquid in said chamber, a pair
of ?at plate members in said chamber immersed in said
liquid, said plate members being arranged face to face
and each being mounted for movement through said liquid
perpendicular to its flat side, means including a member
extending through a Wall of said chamber connecting one
of said plate members with said valve in [a manner to
be moved in a direction away from the other of said
plate members as said valve is moved openward by said
5
3,086,808
actuator, means biasing said other plate member against
said one plate member face to face, ‘whereby said plate
members normally move together in said direction as said
valve is moved openward, and stop means arranged to be
engaged by said other plate member as it moves in said
direction with said one plate member and said valve,
thereby to arrest the opening movement of said valve
until said plate members are separated, and the areas of
the normally contiguous surfaces of said plate members
and the viscosity of the liquid in which they are im
6
resilient means thereby to arrest valve opening movement
until the flat surfaces of said members are separated, and
the area of the meeting ?at surfaces of said members
and the viscosity of the liquid in which they are im
mersed being such that a predetermined interval is re
quired under the force of said solenoid actuator to effect
separation of said members once their immersed surfaces
have been moved into a predetermined proximity, and
means on one of said members for limiting the approach
10 of said surfaces under the action of said resilient means
mersed being such that a predetermined interval is re
quired under the force of said solenoid actuator to effect
to said predetermined proximity.
separation of said plate members.
winding, a reciprocating plunger having a returned posi
4. ‘In a solenoid valve ‘assembly, a normally closed
valve, means forming a chamber, a viscous liquid in
said chamber, a solenoid actuator including a reciprocat
tion and an energized position to which it moves upon
ing plunger immersed in said liquid, a pair of movably
mounted members in said chamber each having a flat
surface immersed in said liquid and arranged face to
face with that of the other member, and said members
being mounted for relative movement in a plane trans
verse to their ?at surfaces, means connecting that mem
ber of the pair with said valve which, when said valve
moves in an opening direction, is moved by such con
nection in a direction away ‘from the other member, said
plunger having an operative connection with said valve
connected member and being operative upon energiza
6. In a solenoid operator for valve actuation, a solenoid
energization of the solenoid winding means tending to
momentarily arrest the movement of said plunger ‘as it
moves from its returned to energized position comprising
a chamber containing a viscous liquid, a pair of mem
bers each having a ?at surface immersed in said liquid
and arranged face to face with that of the other, said
members being mounted for transverse movement of their
flat surfaces in said liquid, means limiting the movement
of one of said members over that of the other, means
movable with said plunger arranged to engage the other
member to move it in a direction away from said one
member as said plunger moves from its returned to en
ergized position, resilient means acting to bias said other
tion of said actuator to move said valve through its con
member against said one member and to bias said plunger
nection with said member to an open position, resilient
in its returned position, and the areas of the meeting ?at
means acting on the other member of said pair to bias 30 surfaces of said members and the viscosity of the liquid
it against said valve connected member, whereby both
in which they are immersed being such as to require a
members and said valve normally move in unison with
predetermined interval under the operating force of the
said plunger in ‘a valve opening direction when said ac
solenoid when energized to e?ect a separation of said
tuator is energized, stop means arranged to be engaged
members once their surfaces have been moved into con
by said other member as it moves with said valve con 35 tact by said resilient means.
nected member and said valve in a valve opening direc—
7. In a solenoid valve assembly, a normally closed
tion, thereby to arrest the opening of said valve in a
valve, a solenoid valve operator including a reciprocating
partially open position until the flat surfaces of said
plunger having a returned position and an energized
members separate, and the areas of the normally contigu
position, means forming a chamber, a viscous liquid in
ous surfaces of said members and the viscosity of said 10 said chamber, a pair of members each having a ?at sur
liquid in which they are immersed being such that a pre
face immersed in said liquid and arranged face to ‘face
determined interval is required under the operating force
with the ?at surface of the other member, said members
of said solenoid actuator to effect a separation of said
being mounted for transverse movement of their ?at sur
members.
faces in said liquid, means movable with said plunger
5. In a solenoid valve assembly, a solenoid actuator, 45 engaging one of said members to move it in a direction
a normally closed valve operatively connected to said
tending to separate its ?at surface from that of the other
actuator and arranged to be moved to a full open posi~
member as said plunger moves from its returned to its
tion thereby when said actuator is energized, detent means
energized position, a ?rst resilient means biasing said
for momentarily detaining said valve in a partially open
other member in surface-to-surface contact with said
position as it is being opened by said actuator, said means
one member, whereby said other member normally moves
comprising a chamber, a viscous liquid in said chamber,
with said one member as it moves with said plunger to
?rst and second movable members in said chamber each
an energized position, a second resilient means acting
having a flat surface immersed in said liquid and facing
on said one member to bias it against said other member
the surface of the other member, said members being
and to bias said plunger to its returned position, means
mounted for relative movement in a plane transverse to
forming a connection between said one member and said
their ?at surfaces, means connecting said ?rst member
valve to cause the full opening of said valve as said one
with said valve, the arrangement being such that said
member is moved with said plunger to an energized posi
?rst member is moved in a direction tending to separate
tion, and means limiting the movement of said other
its flat surface from that of said second member as said
member to less than that required to permit it to move
valve moves in an opening direction, resilient means act 60 with said one member to a full valve open position,
ing to bias said second member against said ?rst mem
whereby opening movement of said valve is interrupted
ber in face to face contact therewith, whereby said mem
until the surfaces of said members are separated.
bers normally move together with said valve in a valve
opening direction, stronger resilient means acting to bias
References Cited in the ?le of this patent
said ?rst member in .a direction toward said second mem 65
UNITED STATES PATENTS
ber and to bias said connected valve in ‘a closed position,
stop means arranged to be engaged by said second mem
830,537
Statter ______________ __ Sept. 11, 1906
ber as said members and said valve are moved by said
2,920,254
Ray __________________ __ Jan. 5, 1960
actuator toward a valve open position against said stronger
2,931,617
Jamieson ______________ __ Apr. 5, 1960