814 - Prince Gryffydd of Powys is slain
through the treachery of his brother Elisedd. Hywel Farf-Fehinog invades
Anglesey and attacks his rival, King Cynan Dindaethwy of Gwynedd. Hywel is
victorious, proclaims himself King and drives Cynan from the Gwynedd
shores.

815 - The Kingdom of Cerniw is raided by King
Egbert of Wessex and his Saxon armies from East to West.

816 - King Hywel Farf-Fehinog of Gwynedd is
attacked by his rival, King Cynan Dindaethwy, on Anglesey. Cynan is
killed. The English successfully invade Rhufoniog and also ravage the
Snowdonia Mountains.

818 - King Coenwulf of Mercia raids Dyfed.

821 - King Coenwulf of Mercia dies in
Basingwerk while preparing for another assault on Powys.

823 - The Mercians invade Powys, but are
beaten back by King Cyngen. They also destroy the Gwynedd capital,
Degannwy.

825 - Death of King Hywel Farf-Fehinog of
Gwynedd. The kingdom is seized by King Merfyn Frych of Ynys Manaw (and
South Rheged), grandson of his old rival, Kinf Cynan Dindaethwy. The men
of Cerniw make a push into Saxon Devon and the two armies clash at the
Battle of Gafelford (Camelford or Galford). The Cornish are probably
victorious.

836 - With King Merfyn Frych of Ynys Manaw
absent in his newly acquired Kingdom of Gwynedd, Irish Viking invaders
manage to take over the island.

838 - The British of Cerniw join forces with
the Vikings and attack Saxon Wessex. King Egbert defeats them at the
Battle of Hingston Down.

840 - Nobis becomes Bishop of St. Davids.

844 - Death of King Merfyn Frych of Gwynedd.
His son, Rhodri Mawr, succeeds to the throne.

848 - The armies of Brycheiniog and Gwent
clash at the Battle of Ffinnant. King Ithel of Gwent is killed in the
fighting.

c.850 - "Eliseg's Pillar" is
erected in Llantysilio-yn-Ial by King Cyngen of Powys as a memorial to his
great grandfather King Elisedd (or Eliseg) and the power of the Powysian
dynasty. Bishop Censteg of Dingerein (Cerniw) accepts the authority of
Archbishop Ceolnoth of Canterbury. King Rhodri Mawr of Gwynedd develops
Llanbedrgoch, and possibly other sites, as fortified settlements to
protect the Welsh against Viking raids.

853 - Mercia and Wessex attack Powys.

854 - King Cyngen of Powys dies on a
pilgrimage to Rome. His throne is seized by his nephew, King Rhodri Mawr
of Gwynedd, and his sons expelled.

855 - Anglesey is ravaged by Dublin Vikings.

856 - King Rhodri Mawr of Gwynedd & Powys
repels a major Viking invasion of Wales and kills their king, Gorm.

871 - Dumbarton, capital of King Artgal of
Strathclyde, is destroyed by King Olaf of Norse Dublin and his Viking
warriors.

872 - Death of King Gwrgon of Seisyllwg by
drowning. The throne is taken by his son-in-law, King Rhodri Mawr of
Gwynedd & Powys. King Artgal of Strathclyde is slain through the
connivance of King Constantine I of Alba and his Viking allies. Artgal's
son, Run, succeeds to the Strathclyde throne.

874 - Death of Bishop Nobis of St. Davids.

876 - Death of Dungarth, the last King of
Cerniw. He was drowned during a hunting accident and buried at St. Cleer.

877 - The Vikings invade Wales once more and
King Rhodri Mawr of Gwynedd, Powys & Seisyllwg is forced to flee to
Ireland.

878 - King Rhodri Mawr of Gwynedd, Powys and
Seisyllwg returns to his kingdoms, but is killed fighting the Mercians of
King Ceolwulf II. His kingdoms are divided amongst his three sons, Anarawd,
Merfyn and Cadell respectively. The Vikings winter in Dyfed. Death of King
Run of Strathclyde. His son, Eochaid, succeeds to the throne and allies
himself with his mother's cousin, King Giric of Alba. The two rule all
Scotland together as joint-monarchs.

880 - King Anarawd of Gwynedd initiates a
revenge attack on the Mercian armies and defeats them on the River Conwy.

c.881 - King Anarawd of Gwynedd and his
brothers begin extensive military campaigns to quell resistance in Powys
and Seisyllwg.

885 - Asser, a relative of Nobis, Bishop of
St. Davids, is summoned to the court of King Alfred of England. He agrees
to spend six months of the year in the King's service. Asser helps to
enhance the literary status of the English Court and also to negotiate the
recognition of Alfred as overlord of the South Welsh Kings.

c.885 - Kings Hyfaidd of Dyfed, Elisedd of
Brycheiniog and Hywel of Glywysing are harassed by the armies of King
Anarawd of Gwynedd. They seek the protection of King Alfred of England and
submit to his overlordship. Anarawd seeks an alliance with the Norse Kings
of York.

889 - Kings Eochaid and Giric of Alba,
Strathclyde & the Picts are deposed by Viking invaders. The former's
cousin takes the throne as King Donald II. The end of independent
Strathclyde rule.

890 - King Donald II of Alba expels the
British aristorcracy of Strathclyde. They flee south to North Wales.

893 - Death of King Hyfaidd of Dyfed. Battle
of Buttington at which the Welsh under King Merfyn of Powys, and the
English under King Alfred the Great, besiege and defeat the Danish army of
Prince Hastein.

c.893 - Asser, the Welshman, is made Bishop
of Sherborne.

894 - King Anarawd of Gwynedd's shaky
alliance with the Vikings collapses. His kingdom is ravaged by the
Norsemen. Anarawd is forced to ask for help from King Alfred of England
and submits to his overlordship. Alfred imposes oppressive terms and
forces Anarawd to confirmation in the Christian Church with Alfred as
godfather. Bishop Asser of Sherborne, writes his "Life of King
Alfred"

895 - King Anarawd of Gwynedd is supplied
with English troops to assist in his reconquest of Seisyllwg. He is
successful and his brother, King Cadell, is finally able to take his
rightful place on the Seisyllwg throne.

896 - Brycheiniog and Gwent are ravaged by
Haesten and his Viking pirate army.

c.900 - King Tewdr of Brycheiniog establishes
his court on a crannog in the middle of Llangorse Lake. Llanbedrgoch
transforms from a fortified settlement into a trading centre.

902 - The Norsemen are expelled from Dublin.
They attempt to settle in Seisyllwg, but are driven off northwards.

903 - The Dublin Vikings, under Prince
Ingimund, capture Osfeilion in Anglesey, but are quickly repulsed by
Prince Clydog and settle in the Wirral and around Kelston & Axton in
Flintshire instead.

904 - Marriage of Prince Hywel Dda of
Seisyllwg to Princess Elen of Dyfed. Death of the latter's father, King
Llywarch. The throne of Dyfed is claimed by Llywarch's brother, Rhodri,
but he is probably forced to flee from Hywel's armies.

905 - Rhodri, nominally King of Dyfed, is
caught and executed, at Arwystli, probably by his neice's husband, Hywel
Dda. Hywel claims the throne of Dyfed. Norse settlers from Flintshire and
the Wirral attack the city of Chester, but are beaten off.

909 - Death of Asser, the Welsh Bishop of
Sherborne.

c.910 - Death of King Cadell of Seisyllwg.
His son, King Hywel Dda unites Seisyllwg and Dyfed to form the Kingdom of
Deheubarth.

914 - A Vikings fleet from Brittany harries
the South Welsh Coast and moves up the Severn. They capture Bishop
Cyfeilliog of Ergyng, but are driven out by Saxon levies from Hereford and
Gloucester.

916 - Death of King Anarawd of Gwynedd.
English raiders attack the court of King Tewdr of Brycheiniog at Llangorse
and make off with the Queen and thirty-three of her courtiers.

917 - Brycheiniog is ravaged by the armies of
Lady Aethelflaed of the Mercians in revenge for the killing of the, now
unknown, Abbot Ecgberht.

918 - King Idwal Foel of Gwynedd and King
Hywel Dda and Prince Clydog of Deheubarth submit to the overlordship of
King Edward the Elder of England. The Vikings raid Anglesey.

921 - Foundation of Cledemutha.

927 - Kings Hywel Dda of Deheubarth and Owain
of Glywysing & Gwent submit to the overlordship of King Athelstan of
England at Hereford. The border between England and Wales is set at the
River Wye.

931 - King Morgan Hen of Glywysing &
Gwent submits to the overlordship of King Athelstan of England and attends
his court with Kings Hywel Dda of Deheubarth and Idwal Foel of Gwynedd.

934 - King Tewdr of Brycheiniog attends the
court of King Athelstan of England and signs English Land Charters. Kings
Hywel Dda of Deheubarth, Idwal Foel of Gwynedd and Morgan Mwynfawr of
Morgannwg are compelled to accompany Athelstan on his campaign against
King Constantine II of the Scots.

937 - King Athelstan of England defeats a
combined Northern Army under Kings Olaf of Dublin, Constantine II of Scots
and Owain of Strathclyde at the Battle of Brunanbury. Though none of the
British monarchs appear to have taken part, the people of Strathclyde were
a major contingent under their Scottish King. The battle finally ends all
British hope of driving the Saxons from their shores.

c.937 - King Idwal Foel of Gwynedd distances
himself from his English overlord. The British begin to use the term
"Cyrmry" to speak of themselves.