At the end of the Chukchi 'Festival of Young Reindeer', Rita Votgyrgina, pounds the burnt bones of the sacrificed reindeer into a fine powder with an ancestral ceremonial stone hammer and mortar. The powdered bones will then be buried at the site of a ritual fire, close to the family's Yaranga (tent). Iultinsky District, Chukotka, Siberia, Russia

RC.2012-15

An ancestral stone hammer & mortar used at the end of the Chukchi 'Festival of Young Reindeer', to pound the burnt bones of the sacrificed reindeer into a fine powder. The powdered bones will then be buried at the site of a ritual fire, close to the family's Yaranga (tent). Iultinsky District, Chukotka, Siberia, Russia

RC.2012-16

An ancestral stone hammer used at the end of the Chukchi 'Festival of Young Reindeer', to pound the burnt bones of the sacrificed reindeer into a fine powder. The powdered bones will then be buried at the site of a ritual fire, close to the family's Yaranga (tent). Iultinsky District, Chukotka, Siberia, Russia

MAL0107-11

Four Dogon women pound millet to a coarse flour, whilst a fifth keeps them to a steady rhythm by clapping her hands.Mali, West Africa.