LaTeX - Load table data for PGFPlots tikzpicture

My main resource to create tikzpicture graphics in PDF files generated via
LaTeX is the
PGFPlots Gallery. But I guess
there are more than 400 examples on this page. Here a minimal example for a
PGFPlots function
visualisation with data loaded from an dat file.

addplot coordinates

Here a complete tex document with a minimal example that uses inline coordinates and that can be
compiled to an PDF file with the following command for example.