This project was conducted in support of the Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC) Technology Demonstration Program (TDP) on counter improvised explosive device (CIED) technologies, which aims to deliver useable technologies to front-line users to mitigate the improvised explosive device (IED) threat in current Canadian Forces (CF) operations. This project aims to evaluate the impact of civilian activity as modelled by Civilian Activity Modelling for eXercises and eXperimentation (CAMX) on threat assessment and related actions by CF personnel in a first-person synthetic environment. The goal was to assess the impact of civilian activity in two different tactical scenarios that represent missions where civilians are not the primary focus (i.e., the task does not involve direct interaction with a crowd) but where we have reason to believe that the presence of civilian activity may alter a soldier’s assessment of the level of threat in the environment and the actions he or she would take as a result. To our knowledge, this exploratory project is the first of its kind, and the results of this study will inform future research in this area and help to answer key research questions. Our exploratory study had participants assess the level of threat in four tactical scenarios, two in which there was high civilian activity and two in which there was low civilian activity. The tactical scenarios were simulated presence patrol missions in Afghanistan developed in Virtual Batt