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FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IDA International Development Association IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization ITU International Telecommunication Union UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UPU Universal Postal Union WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization Related organizations GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Regional commissions ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia Functional commissions Commission on Human Rights Commission on Narcotic Drugs Commission for Social Development Commission on the Status of Women Population Commission Statistical Commission

BAD Banque Africaine de Developpement; see African Development Bank (AfDB)BADEA Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique; see Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)BCIE Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico; see Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)BDEAC Banque de Developpment des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)Benelux Benelux Economic UnionBID Banco Interamericano de Desarvollo; see Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)BIS Bank for International SettlementsBOAD Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement; see West African Development Bank (WADB)

C CommonwealthCACM Central American Common MarketCAEU Council of Arab Economic UnityCARICOM Caribbean Community and Common MarketCCC Customs Cooperation CouncilCDB Caribbean Development BankCE Council of EuropeCEAO Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest; see West African Economic Community (CEAO)CEEAC Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale; see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)CEMA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEA or Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991CEPGL Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs; see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)CERN Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire; see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)CG Contadora GroupCIS Commonwealth of Independent StatesCMEA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991COCOM Coordinating Committee on Export ControlsComecon Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known as CMEA; abolished 1 January 1991CP Colombo PlanCSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe

DC developed country

EADB East African Development BankEBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentEC European CommunityECA Economic Commission for AfricaECAFE Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; see Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)ECE Economic Commission for EuropeECLA Economic Commission for Latin America; see Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the CaribbeanECOSOC Economic and Social CouncilECOWAS Economic Community of West African StatesECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia; see Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)EFTA European Free Trade AssociationEIB European Investment BankEntente Council of the EntenteESA European Space AgencyESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificESCWA Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia

G-2 Group of 2G-3 Group of 3G-5 Group of 5G-6 Group of 6 (not to be confused with the Big Six)G-7 Group of 7G-8 Group of 8G-9 Group of 9G-10 Group of 10G-11 Group of 11G-15 Group of 15G-19 Group of 19G-24 Group of 24G-30 Group of 30G-33 Group of 33G-77 Group of 77GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeGCC Gulf Cooperation Council

Habitat see United Nations Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)HG Hexagonal Group

IADB Inter-American Development BankIAEA International Atomic Energy AgencyIBEC International Bank for Economic CooperationIBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentICAO International Civil Aviation OrganizationICC International Chamber of CommerceICEM Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration; see International Organization for Migration (IOM)ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade UnionsICJ International Court of JusticeICM Intergovernmental Committee for Migration; see International Organization for Migration (IOM)ICRC International Committee of the Red CrossIDA International Development AssociationIDB Islamic Development BankIEA International Energy AgencyIFAD International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentIFC International Finance CorporationIGADD Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and DevelopmentIIB International Investment BankILO International Labor OrganizationIMCO Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization; see International Maritime Organization (IMO)IMF International Monetary FundIMO International Maritime OrganizationINMARSAT International Maritime Satellite OrganizationINTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite OrganizationINTERPOL International Criminal Police OrganizationIOC International Olympic CommitteeIOM International Organization for MigrationISO International Organization for StandardizationITU International Telecommunication Union

LAES Latin American Economic SystemLAIA Latin American Integration AssociationLAS League of Arab States; see Arab League (AL)LDC less developed countryLLDC least developed countryLORCS League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting CountriesOAS Organization of American StatesOAU Organization of African UnityOECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOECS Organization of Eastern Caribbean StatesOIC Organization of the Islamic ConferenceOPANAL Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the CaribbeanOPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

UDEAC Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale; see Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)UN United NationsUNAVEM United Nations Angola Verification MissionUNCHS United National Center for Human Settlements (also known as Habitat)UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer ForceUNDP United Nations Development ProgramUNEP United Nations Environment ProgramUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural OrganizationUNFICYP United Nations Force in CyprusUNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities; see UN Population Fund (UNFPA)UNHCR United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund; see United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationUNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in LebanonUNIIMOG United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer GroupUNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and PakistanUNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near EastUNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision OrganizationUPU Universal Postal UnionUSSR/EE USSR/Eastern Europe

WADB West African Development BankWCL World Confederation of LaborWEU Western European UnionWFC World Food CouncilWFP World Food ProgramWFTU World Federation of Trade UnionsWHO World Health OrganizationWIPO World Intellectual Property OrganizationWMO World Meteorological OrganizationWP Warsaw Pact (members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance)WTO World Tourism Organization

ZC Zangger Committee

note: not all international organizations and groups have abbreviations

Appendix C:

International Organizations and Groups

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advanced developing countries

Note - another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)

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African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)

established - 1 April 1976

aim - members have a preferential economic and aid relationship with the EC

Note - a term applied mainly to the traditionally Communist states that looked to the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward more democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as the Second World or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s, this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia

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Colombo Plan (CP)

established - 1 July 1951

aim - to promote economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific

Note - traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of the successor states are no longer Communist; see centrally planned economies

Contadora Group (CG) - Note - was established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora) to reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America but evolved into the Rio Group (RG); members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela

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Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf

Note - see Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

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Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM)

established - NA 1949

aim - to control the export of strategic products and technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations

Note - the top group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of the mainly democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GNP/GDP in excess of $10,000 although some OECD countries and South Africa have figures well under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries have figures of more than $10,000. The 34 DCs are: Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Vatican City

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developing countries

Note - an imprecise term for the less developed countries with growing economies; see less developed countries (LDCs)

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East African Development Bank (EADB)

established - 6 June 1967

effective - 1 December 1967

aim - to promote economic development

members - (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

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Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

established - 28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)

aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission for the UN's ECOSOC

aim - to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes five regional commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa, Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and six functional commissions (see Commission for Social Development, Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission on the Status of Women, Population Commission, and Statistical Commission)

members - (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions

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Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)

established - 29 April 1958

aim - to promote economic development as a regional commission of the UN's ECOSOC

aim - to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned economies in Europe (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing 60% of its loans to privatization

aim - a fusing of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), the European Coal and Steel Community (ESC), and the European Economic Community (EEC or Common Market); the EC plans to establish a completely integrated common market in 1992 and an eventual federation of Europe

Note - the middle group in the comprehensive but mutually exclusive hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); these countries are in political and economic transition and may well be grouped differently in the near future; this includes Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czecholovakia, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia

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Four Dragons

Note - the four small Asian less developed countries (LDCs) that have experienced unusually rapid economic growth; also known as the Four Tigers; this group includes Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan

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Four Tigers

Note - another term for the Four Dragons; see Four Dragons

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Franc Zone (FZ)

established - NA

aim - monetary union among countries whose currencies are linked to the French franc

Note - established in 22 October 1963; aim was to promote economic cooperation and development - members were Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now a Russian bank with a new charter

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International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

Note - also known as the World Bank

established - 22 July 1944

effective - 27 December 1945

aim - UN specialized agency that initially promoted economic rebuilding after World War II and now provides economic development loans