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April 30, 1963
>
R. J. GORSKY
' 3,087,589
ONE-WAY DEVICE
Filed Sept. 16, 1960
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INVEN TOR.
ATTORNEY
United States Patent . ‘1.. "ice
1
3,081,589
Rudolph J. Gorsky, Fenton, Mich., assignor to General
ONE-WAY DEVICE
Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of
Delaware
Filed Sept. 16, 1960, Ser. No. 56,424
4 Claims. (Cl. 192-45)
3,087,589
Patented Apr. 30, 1963
2
inner races 16 and 18, in completing the construction, are
splined respectively to shafts 30 and 32.
Whether the shafts 30 and 32 function as driving mem
bers or driven members while the outer race 14 is per
forming respectively as a driven or driving member will
be determined by the application of the devices 10 and 12.
If the devices are to be used as a clutch, it may be de
sirable to have the outer race 14 as the driving member
This invention relates to improvements in one-way
rather than the shafts 30 and 32. On the other hand,
devices.
10 if the devices 10 and 12 are to perform as a brake, then
One of the concerns in any one-way device, whether
either the outer race 14 or the shafts 30 and 32 may be
functioning as a clutch or a brake, is the maintenance of
held against rotation as desired. In this embodiment, the
concentricity between the inner and outer races, for
devices 10 and 12 will be described as brakes with the
eccentricity can produce several undesired results. For
outer race 14 appropriately grounded.
example, under substantial loads severe wear, which ap— 15
In now considering FIGURE 2, it will be noted that
pears as a scoring of the races, can occur and even break
the outer race 14 is provided with a series of inwardly
"age can result in some extreme cases. When the races
opening recesses 34 diametrically spaced apart in the
become scored, the operation of the wedging devices in
‘moving to and from the wedging position can be impaired
bore thereof.
These recesses 34 are de?ned by cam sur
faces 36 and projections 38, which separate the cam
to a point where the wedging elements no longer perform 20 surfaces 36.
their individual functions. Also, during free wheeling, if
there is run-out between the races due ‘to the presence of
any ‘eccentricity, any resultant contact between the races
If preferred, the recesses 34 can be formed
on the inner races 16 and 18 and will of course open out
‘wardly therefrom. Each of the recesses 34 receives one
of the rollers 22 as seen in FIGURE 2 and has an ener~
will generate excessive heat and reduce the efficiency
gizing provision for urging each of the rollers 22 to the
of the apparatus in which the device is used.
wedging position. This energization is preferably
Moreover, attempts to overcome the concentricity
achieved by accordion type springs 40 interposed between
problem must keep in mind the need for proper lubrica
the rollers and the projections 38 so as to urge the rollers
tion of any bearing surfaces as well ‘as the requirement
22 in the depicted direction and thereby cause the devices
that frictional resistances be a minimum. Additionally,
10 ‘and 12 to lock whenever the shafts 30 and 32 are
the device should be suited for construction according to 30 revolved counterclockwise as viewed in FIGURE 2, as
‘accepted mass production techniques.
suming the outer race 14 is restrained from rotation.
Accordingly, the invention contemplates a novel one
From an inspection of FIGURE 2, it can be appreciated
way device that in a unique way causes the races to be
maintained concentric within accurate limits, that facili
tates lubrication thereof during operation, and that offers
minimum frictional resistances. More speci?cally, it is
proposed by the invention to provide one of the races
v‘with bearing portions that afford a bearing area for en
that if the races 16 and 18 are not maintained concentric
with respect to the outer race 14, the rollers 22 will not
each share the proper proportion of the load, and if ex
cessive, a foot portion 42 of the projections 38 can rub
‘against the peripheries of the inner races 16 and 18 and
this will ultimately produce ‘a scoring of the inner race
surfaces. When scoring occurs, the resultant irregular
surfaces can also interfere with the operation of the rollers
. minimum frictional resistance. This is accomplished by
22 and 24 in moving to the wedging position as well as
utilizing an inherently available portion of the race and
cause the surfaces of the rollers 22 and 24 to be damaged.
is attainable by mass production techniques.
For this reason, strips 44 are attached to the foot portions
The foregoing and other objectives and advantages of
42 made of a suitable lubricant retaining bearing material,
45
the invention will become apparent from the ‘following
e.g., a .010 thick strip of aluminum bronze, are suitably
description and from the accompanying drawings in
attached to the foot portions 42. If preferred, some in
which:
_
stallations may permit the foot portions 42 to be provided
FIGURE 1 is a sectional view of one-way devices in
with a suitable lubricant retaining coating and hence, the
corporating the principles of the invention;
50 strips 44 will not be required. In accordance with usual
FIGURE 2 is a sectional view of the devices looking in
practice, my one-way device is arranged to operate in a
the direction of arrows 2—2 in FIGURE 1; and
lubricant environment su?icient to provide a lubricant
FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along
?lm or coating on the rollers and on the other relatively
line 3-3 of FIGURE 2 depicting a bearing area of the
movable engaging surfaces. For example, the one-way
devices.
55 device may be employed in a power transmission mech
anism and subjected to splash lubrication of a suitable oil.
Referring now to the drawings in detail and particularly
To facilitate lubrication of these bearing areas between
to FIGURE 1, the construction there shown employs two
the foot portions 42 and the periphery of the inner races
one-way devices generally designated by the numerals 10
16 and 18, and so that frictional drag will be at a mini‘
and 12 compactly arranged so as to consume a minimum
of both axial and diametrical space. The devices 10 and 60 mum, the inner surface designated by the numeral 46 is
made flat and normal to a radial line 48 extending ap~
12 have a common outer race 14 and each is provided
gaging the other race and of a con?guration that en
hances lubrication of the bearing areas and that offers
with an individual inner race as those denoted by the
numerals 16 and 18. These inner races 16 and 18. form
proximately through the middle of each of the projections
38.
Consequently, only a line contact can occur be
tween the ?at surface 46 and the periphery of the inner
parts respectively of the one-way devices 10 and 12 and
races 16 and 18, this occurring at the intersection of radial
are separated by a spacer 20. The one-way device 10 65 line 48 with the ?at surface 46, and therefore, the contact
includes a series of wedging elements as rollers 22 and
the one-Way device 12 has similar wedging elements, e.g.,
rollers 24. The rollers 22 are maintained in the illus
trated position by a retainer 26 secured to the outer race
area offers a minimum resistance to rotation between the
‘races, this being particularly desirable during free wheel
ing.
The lubrication of the contact area is facilitated by the
14, Whereas the rollers 24 are axially positioned by an 70 resultant wedge formed since the opening between the
annular retainer 28 also joined to the outer race 14. The
periphery of the races 16 and 18 and that of the ?at sur
3,087,589
3
face 46 on the strips 44 decreases thus ‘forming a capillary
angle as the contact point is approached, the contact point
being at the intersection of radial line 48 and ?at surface
ing elements toward a wedging position in which relative
rotation between the races is prevented, each projection
having a foot portion engageable with the periphery of the
46.
inner race, a coating of lubricant on the wedging element
engaged race surfaces and on said foot portions and a
This aspect causes ?uid lubricant as oil to be drawn
into the contacting area and the resultant lubricant ?lm
will tend to separate the periphery of the races 16 and 18
from that of the ?at surface 46, further facilitating the
maintenance of concentricity between the inner and outer
strip of lubricant absorbent bearing material bonded to
each foot portion providing a bearing surface for main
taining the concentricity of the races, the bearing sur
face being ?at and in tangential engagement with said
races.
It has been explained that with the installation shown in
inner race to form a bearing area of minimum resistance
and providing with the inner race a capillary angle which
raws lubricant t0 the bearing area.
the drawings, the devices 10 and 12 will lock whenever
the shafts 3i) and 32 are rotated counterclockwise, indi
vidually or together, as viewed in FIGURE 2. With this
construction, it can be seen that the foot portions 42
conventionally available when the outer race is broached,
are utilized as bearing supports and that the use of a ?at
3. I11 a one-way device, the combination of inner and
outer coaxial races, rotatably wedging members inter
posed between the races and preventing relative rotation
of said races in one direction of rotation, a coating of
bearing surface affords line contact while encouraging
and, in fact, inducing lubrication along the contacting
area.
lubricant on said races, one of said races having a series
of circumferentially spaced projections extending there
This affords a simple, inexpensive way of achiev
from and towards the other race, and a lubricant retaining
ing concentricity and proper lubrication. Moreover, the 20 portion on each projection having a ?at surface in tangen
?at surface 46 can be broached, further facilitating the
tial supported engagement with said other race, said ?at
fabrication of the devices according to accepted manu
surface forming with the race a lubricant retaining wedge.
facturing techniques.
4. In a one-way device, the combination of inner and
The invention is to be limited only by the following
outer coaxial races and wedging means interposed between
claims:
the races to prevent relative rotation therebetween in one
1. In a one-way device, the combination of inner and
direction of rotation, a coating of lubricant on the races
outer coaxial races, one of the races having formed there
and on said wedging means, one of the races having a
along projections spaced apart so as to provide a series
projection radially extending therefrom and engageable
of pockets therein, each pocket including a cam surface,
with the other race, said projection terminating in a ?at
a wedging element situated within each pocket and ar 30 bearing surface normal to a radial plane of the races ex
ranged to engage both the cam surface and the periphery
tending through the projection, said flat bearing surface
of .the other race so as to prevent relative rotation be
being in tangential engagement with said other race and
tween the races in one direction, each projection having
providing between said other race and said ?at surface
a bearing portion formed thereon and slidably supported
a capillary angle which feeds lubricant to the position of
on the other race, a coating of lubricant on the races
tangential engagement providing a minimum frictional
resistance between said ?at surface and said other race.
and on said bearing portions, the bearing surface being
?at and tangentially engageable with said other race, the
?at surface forming a capillary angle with said other race,
and said bearing portion having a lubricant retaining
coating.
40
2. In one-way device, the combination of inner and
outer coaxial races, the outer race having a series of di
ametrically spaced cam surfaces formed in the bore there
of and integral projections radially inwardly extending
therefrom so as to separate each cam surface from the 45
other, wedging elements engaging each of the cam sur
References Cited in the ?le of this patent
UNITED STATES PATENTS
2,069,558
Rauen et al __________ __ Feb. 2, 1937
2,096,438
Rockwell __i __________ __ Oct. 19, 1937
2,299,739
Colucci ______________ __ Oct. 27, 1942
2,753,229
2,902,125
Queer ________________ __ July 3, 1956
House et a1 ___________ __ Sept. 1, 1959
1,189,747
France ______________ .._ Mar. 23, 1959
FOREIGN PATENTS
faces so as to prevent relative rotation between the races
in one direction, an energizing member urging the wedg