Key Words

The proportion of births to the total population in a place in a given time per 1000 of population.

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Death Rate

The number of deaths per unit usually 1000 of the population in a given place and time.

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Infant Mortality Rate

The ratio of the number of deaths in the first year of life to the number of live births occurring in the same population during the same period of time.

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Life Expectancy

The probable number of years remaining in the life of an individual or class of persons determined statistically.

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Longevity

The length of life.

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Natural Change

The difference between the number of births and deaths.

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Fertility Rate

The ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area.

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Population Density

The number of people in a certain area, or how spread out they are. It is normally measured as people per square kilometre or square mile. An area may be either densely or sparsely populated.

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Over Population

Too many people in an area relative to the amount of resources and the level of technology available locally to maintain a high standard of living.

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Under Population

Too few people in an area to use the resources efficiently or a given level of technology.

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Optimum Population

The theoretical population which, working with all the available resources, will produce the highest standard of living for the people of that area.

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Bruntland Report 1987

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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Forced Migration

The migrant has to migrate because of circumstances.

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International Migration

The UN defines international migration as the movement of people across national frontiers for a minimum of 1 year.

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Migration

A permanent or semi permanent change of residence of an individual or group of people.

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Net Migration

The difference between the numbers of in-migrants and out migrants in an area. When in migrants exceed out migrants there is net migration gain. When out migrants exceed in migrants there is net migration loss.

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Rural Urban and Urban Rural Migration

In LEDC's the net migration gain of urban areas at the expense of rural areas result in urbanisation. In more developed countries, movements from urban to rural areas have led to counter urbanisation.