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Women in Criminal Justice

Glossary

As with any specialist field, there is an outrageous number of acronyms associated with criminal justice that can be both bewildering and frustrating when trying to get to grips with the field.

Below are a few explained...

A

AIDS - Acquired Immune Defficiency SyndromeASBO - Anti-Social Behaviour Order - a civil order banning the subject from entering certain areas, associating with certain people, or doing certain things and it will last for at least two years.

B

BBR - Building Better Relationships - a group-work programme for men convicted of domestic abuse offences against womenBCS - British Crime Survey - the annual government survey of people's experience of crime and feelings about it covering England and Wales. It is conducted by an independent research organization on behalf of the Home Office and the Office for National Statistics and has been carried out since 2001BSC - British Society of Criminology - The British Society of Criminology aims to further the interests and knowledge of both academic and professional people who are engaged in any aspect of work or teaching, research or public education about crime, criminal behaviour and the criminal justice systems in the United Kingdom. The Society has been in existence for 50 years and has a wide-ranging membership based here and overseas.

C

CBO - Criminal Behaviour Order. An order issued by the criminal court against a person who has been convicted of an offence to tackle the most persistent anti-social individualsCBT - Cognitive Behavioural Therapy- an approach to treatment that involves working with people to help them change their emotions, thoughts and behaviours. CCC - Criminal Courts Charge - introduced in April 2015 this is a charge that is imposed for any conviction for an offence that was committed after 13 April 2015, regardless of the persons ability to pay. CCJT - Centre for Crime & Justice StudiesCO - Community Order CPS - Crown Prosecution ServiceCUK - Circles UK - Circles of Support and Accountability are an innovative and successful community contribution to reducing sex offending, working in close partnership with criminal justice agencies.

D

DIP - Drink Impaired Drivers Programme - an accredited programme for work with offendersDPA - Data Protection ActDTTO - Drug Treatment and Testing Orders are imposed by courts where someone's offending is clearly linked to problem drug misuseDVPO - Domestic Violence Protection Order. DVPOs came into effect from March 2014 and are aimed at protecting women from violence. They are applied for by the police and made by the Magistrates' Court.

E

ECHR - European Convention of Human Rights

F

FOIA - Freedom of Information Act 2000

G

GSI - Government Secure Intranet

H

HDC - Home Detention Curfew - The Home Detention Curfew (HDC) scheme applies to prisoners who are serving sentences of between three months and under four years. It allows prisoners to live outside of prison providing they do not breach the rules of their curfew and is designed to help prisoners prepare for life after their release.HMIP - Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Probation or Prison (the same acronym stands for both inspectorates)

I

IMB - Independent Monitoring Board a board of lay people attached to each prison that independently monitors the prison premises, its administration and treatment of prisoners

J

K

KPI - Key Performance Indicator

L

M

MAPPA - Multi-Agency Public Protection Arrangement - the arrangement under which those relevant authorities who are responsible for the management of convicted sex offenders, work togetherMHTR - Mental Health Treatment Requirement - this is for sentencing of offenders convicted of an offence that falls below custody but who have a mental health problem which does not require secure in-patient treatment. It can be a requirement of a Community OrderMSAC - Men's Senior Attendance Centre - an alternative to custody for men that balances punishment and rehabilitation - used for minor or first time offences

N

NACRO - The National Association for the Care and Resettlement of OffendersNOMS - National Offender Management Service - this is an executive arm of the Ministry of Justice and is responsible for correctional services in England and Wales onlyNMHDU - The National Mental Health Development Unit - it replaced the National Institute for Mental Health England in 2009 and was itself disbanded in 2011

O

OASys - the assessment tool used by the Prison and Probation Services in England and Wales to measure risk and needs of criminal offenders under their supervisionORA 2014 - Offender Rehabilitation Act, 2014. Main elements to the Act are the expansion of licences to offenders who receive short sentences; the creation of new post-sentence supervision periods and a number of changes to the Community Order and the Suspended Sentence Order requirements

P

PACT -Prison Advice and Care Trust - an independent, national charity working with prisoners and with prisoners' familiesPCT - Primary Care Trust - NHS Primary Care Trusts are statutory bodies responsbile for delivering better heath care to their local areaPHE - Public Health England - it is an executive agency of the Departnent of Health and aims to protect and improve the nation's health and wellbeing, and reduce health inequalitiesPPO - Prisons and Probation Ombudsman - The Prisons and Probation Ombudsman carries out independent investigations into deaths and complaints in custodyPRT - Prison Reform Trust - see under Useful LinksPSI - Prison Service Instruction - the rules, regulations and guidelines by which prisons are runPSR - A Presentence Report. A report ordered by the court to look into the background of the person before the court in advance of sentencingPSS - Post Sentence Supervison (part of the Offender Rehabilitation Act 2015), where offenders serve a sentence of more then 1 day and less than two years, they are subject to a minimum of 12 months supervision in the community. The 12 months is a combination of the licence and post sentence supervision

Q

R

RAR - Rehabilitation Activity Requirement. These activities which can be ordered by the court and the activities must promote the offenders rehabilitation.RJ - Restorative Justice - the term given to approaches where the aim is to repair the harm done through offenders taking responsibility for their actions and are given help to avoid future offending and where there is a focus on the victims of crime who can be actively engaged in the reparation processRJC - Restorative Justice Council. The RJC promotes quality restorative practice for everyone.

S

SC - Sentencing Council - The Council produces guidelines on sentencing for the judiciary and criminal justice professionals and aims to increase public understanding of sentencingSSO - Suspended Sentence Order

T

TSP - Thinking Skills Programme - a group-work programme for men and women to tackle general offending patterns

U

V

VISOR - The Violent and Sex Offender Register - is a database of records of those required to register with the Police under the Sexual Offences Act 2003 (the 2003 Act), those jailed for more than 12 months for violent offences, and those thought to be at risk of offending

W

WSAC - Women's Senior Attendence Centre - an alternative to custody for women that balances punishment and rehabilitation that's appropriate for minor offences and first time offences

X

Y

YJB - Youth Justice Board - oversees the youth justice system in England and WalesYRO - Youth Rehabilitation OrderYOI - Young Offenders InstitutionYOT - Youth Offending Team - YOTs work with young people that get into trouble with the law

Z

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This search facility is for everything The Griffins Society has published on Women & Criminal justice. This is a growing database of material: information and research papers are added as they are completed. If you can’t find what you are looking for, please email research@thegriffinssociety.org