AñejamientoSimply put, this is the aging process; the very slow process of natural decomposition - which occurs at lower humidity and temperature levels than Fermentation. During Añejamiento, tobaccos slowly release ammonia, impurities, and develop.

Tobacco Añejamiento is for leaves and occurs after Fermentation; often this process goes on for years.

Cigar Añejamiento occurs after the cigars are rolled, while they are curated by your Tobacconist, in your personal humidor, all they way up until they are smoked.

Accordion (Bunch) RollingThis bunching technique involves folding the outer sides of the filler leaves inward, one at a time, and placing the leaves on top of each other until the bunch is complete: then the leaves are rolled up together, with a binder, like a scroll. These ""folds"" allow more air passage through the cigar. Accordion rolling takes more skill and time to execute than Book Rolling, but is not as sophisticated as Entubado Rolling. Accordion Rolling can also be called "Arrugado", which means wrinkled in Spanish.

Active HumidifierAn Active Humidifier is a machine designed to create humidity. Active Humidifiers generally have a fan blowing on [or over] water to produce a mist that is absorbed into the air. Active Humidifiers are common in walk-in humidors and large cabinets.

Air-CuringThe curing process used for Cigar tobaccos (Dark Air-Cured) and also for Burley tobaccos. After being harvested, cigar leaves are hung in pairs in Curing Barns/Casas de Tabaco for approximately 50 days. During air curing, leaves lose their Chlorophyll and 85% of their humidity. See Stalk-Curing for advanced learning.

AlkalineHaving the properties of an Alkali, or having a pH greater than 7. An Alkaline flavor is bitter and/or dry and astringent. Cigar and Pipe tobaccos are highly Alkaline, they have high ammonia content, so they are not inhaled. See pH Balance academic content.

AlkaloidAny in a class of naturally occurring organic bases containing nitrogen. Popular Alkaloids include Nicotine, Morphine, Ephedrine, and Quinine. Thousands of Alkaloids are known to exist in thousands of plants, but they are of interest mostly because of their physiological effects on humans and animals.

Amber [Pipe Stem]Made from fossilized tree sap, Amber Stems are beautiful, yet fragile. They are hard and may feel like glass on the teeth. Amber is commonly found on Meerschaum and some higher end Briar Pipes.

American Blend (Cigarette)A mixture of Virginia, Burley, and Oriental tobaccos. The amount of each type of tobacco in the blend varies by brand, but generally consists of 50% Virginia and 37% air cured burley, while oriental is the smallest percentage of the blend at around 13%. These cigarettes are typically cased and flavored during the curing process.

AnniversaryIn the world of luxury tobacco, cigars, pipes, and tobaccos which are called Anniversary commemorate a date or event, such as the makers 25th Anniversary. It does not mean that the tobaccos or products are Vintage, or inherently special for any other reason.

Aromatic (Ashtray) AnalysisA phrase used by TU to describe the process of dissecting a cigar to smell the aromas of the individual leaf components. First take the cigar apart gently and separate the wrapper binder and different filler leaves. The filler leaves will be distinguished by their color and texture. Then light the individual components in an ashtray one at a time and smell the aromas. Keep a bucket of water handy in case the fire/embers get out of hand.

Aromatic (Pipe Tobacco)Blended Virginia and Burley tobaccos which have flavorings, or "casing" added as part of the manufacturing/blending process. Some common casings are chocolate, vanilla, cherry, rum, etc. Aromatics are typically mild and have a sweeter taste+aroma.

Bent PipeCharacterized by a curved shank and stem. Bent pipes tend to collect moisture at the bottom of the bowl below the bend of the shank but they can transmit less heat to the palate than Straight pipes.

Black CavendishPipe tobacco that is steamed, usually with sugars or flavoring in the water and pressed for an additional curing/fermentation period. Black Cavendish goes through more vigorous pressing than Natural Cavendish, yielding a darker color and richer flavor.

BlendThe combination of different types of tobacco used to create a specific character and taste. In a cigar, this includes the filler, binder, and wrapper leaves from different parts of the plant, different plants, and different regions. For pipe tobaccos, see Aromatic and English Blend definitions, or the Pipe Tobacco Blending section of Tobacco College. Ultimately, blending is a big part of the art of making great luxury tobacco products.

Blue MoldThis is an airborne fungus that can ravage an entire tobacco field/plantation in a matter of days. Also known as Peronospara Tabacina, Blue Mold flourishes in cool, cloudy, humid weather: the effects are distinguished by small round blemishes on the tobacco leaves.

2) The breadth and depth (spectrum) of flavor of a tobacco. Also referred to as richness and fullness, but not to be confused with the tobacco's strength, spice, or nicotine level. For example, Dominican tobaccos tend to have a lighter body than Central American tobaccos.

Book (Bunch) RollingAn alternative to Entubado or Accordion rolling, Booking involves laying filler leaves flatly on top of one another and then folding them up, like a book or taco, to complete the bunch. This technique is simpler than Entubado and Accordion rolling and creates a less aerated cigar structure: placing the leaves directly on top of each other does not allow as much air to pass through each individual leaf in the the cigar. The advantage of Book Rolling is that it is quicker and more efficient from a manufacturing perspective. This is probably the most popular technique for making premium cigars today.

BriarAlso known as Bruyere in French, Briar is the name for wood that comes from the Burls found on the roots of the Heath Tree (Erica Arborea). Briar is widely considered the best and most popular material for Pipe making.

BroadleafBroadleaf is a dark tobacco varietal family popular for producing wrappers leaves that are enormous, resilient, and thick. These leaves are ideal for creating a Maduro colored wrapper. Broadleaf wrapper is not Primed, but rather the whole plant is stalk-cut when it matures.

BundleThe method of packaging cigars without a box, usually in packs of 25 or 50. Bundles are typically more economical cigars, and often do not have bands. Typically, cigar makers release their "seconds" in Bundles.

BurrosIn the context of the 2 Stage Fermentation model that TU teaches, Burros are the 4 to 6 foot tall piles of tobacco which constitute the most intense Fermentation period. Unraveling and re-piling occurs at critical temperature points so the tobacco will not "burn out". In other countries, the term Burro can refer to any Fermentation pile.

ButaneButane is a natural gas product, made from petroleum, that is flavorless and ideal for lighting luxury tobacco products. The best butane is filtered several times for optimal purity. Inferior butane will clog or corrupt a quality lighter; so buying the best is requisite. butane is sold pressurized in various sizes and containers, so it is best to match the brand of butane with the lighter you need to refill. Butane lighters come in a multitude of styles, including flint, battery & Piezo ignition, disposable, refillable, traditional flame, burner and torch varieties.

Cake (Pipe)The Carbon that develops along the inner wall of the Pipe Chamber and acts as protection and insulation for the Bowl; as well as promoting an even smoking experience. Approximately 1/16" of Char is considered ideal for a Pipe.

Calabash (Pipe)Originally, Calabash pipes were made from African gourds. The gourds are trained by hand, while they grow, to achieve the desired pipe shape: bent into an ""S""-like form. The natural shape of the gourd, fatter at one end - like a bowling pin, provides a cool smoking instrument. Because the gourd cannot sustain extreme heat, Calabash pipes generally have a bowl insert for the tobacco to be placed in: usually ceramic, briar, or meerschaum. Today, the term "Calabash" refers to any pipe in the classic "Gourd" "S"-like shape. "

CapaduraSpanish term for the second growth plant/leaves. After the plant has been harvest/primed the stalk is trimmed down and the leaves are allowed to re-grow. This process was common in Cuba where the farmers would allow the plant/leaves to re-grow and they would use those leaves for their own consumption. Capadura is especially common when growing Pelo De Oro tobacco varietals.

Capero No. 1A newer Cuban hybrid [dark tobacco] varietal which started to be grown widely around 2007. Capero No. 1 is a cross between Habanos 2000 + Corojo '99 + Criollo '98. It produces an extra 2 to 3 leaves over other hybrids and has very large leaves. Capero No. 1 has been genetically engineered to produce no flowers and therefore no seeds: this will help Cuba maintain control over the plants genetics and where it is grown.

CarbonizationThis is the process by which Char changes to Carbon and forms Cake on the inside of the tobacco bowl chamber. This Carbonized [Cake] material helps protect the Briar from the inside out, keeps the bowl cool, and promotes an even smoking experience.

CaroteneA naturally occurring organic compound found in some plants. When cigar tobacco is air-cured the chlorophyll is broken down and the new yellow and orange-ish pigments from the Carotene are exposed.

Casa de TabacoCuban term for Curing Barn which has open sides facing East and West for optimal air circulation. Tobacco is placed high up in the Casa de Tabaco after picking/priming to dry out and lose its Chlorophyll.

Cedar, SpanishAlso known as Cedrela odorata, Spanish Cedar is neither Spanish nor a Cedar; it is a member of the Meliaceae, or Mahogany family. It is commonly used for cigar boxes and cigar aging because it is naturally pest resistant, hygroscopic, and naturally abundant in Central America and the Caribbean.

Centro LigeroThe leaves on the third level from the bottom of the corojo plant, between the centro fino and uno y medio leaves. Not to be confused with the criollo plant, where the term Ligero refers to the top leaves which are exposed to the most sun.

CepoInstrument used to measure the proper ring gauge of a finished cigar. This is usually a piece of wood with the appropriate size whole cut into it: the cigar is passed through to confirm it is the proper diameter.

CherootOne of the oldest known cigar shapes from the Tamil "curuttu" literally meaning "roll". This term usually refers to a mild and inexpensive cigar that tapers gradually from foot to head and is cut at both ends. Also referred to as a "stogie".

CHTThis stands for Certified Honorary Tobacconist as defined by Tobacconist University. A CHT is a distinguished member of the Luxury Tobacco industry who has very deep knowledge in a specific field: such as Cigar or Pipe making. CHTs have not taken the Certification Exam, but do subscribe to the Code of Ethics & Standards. They have received their honorary Certification because their experience and wisdom make them a vital contributor to the knowledge base and oral traditions of our industry.

Churchwarden (Pipe)A pipe shape with a long curved stem also known as a "Yard of Clay." Churchwardens were originally made of clay and were enormously popular in Europe until the introduction of the Briar Pipe. Churchwardens tend to produce a cooler smoke due to the length the smoke has to travel from bowl to mouthpiece.

CigarA cylinder of tobacco leaves rolled together; beginning in the center with filler tobaccos, bound with a binder tobacco leaf, and sheathed with a wrapper tobacco leaf. A Premium Cigar is made from only long leaf tobacco and is made exclusively by hand. *The only exception might be "premium" cigars which are machine bunched, but hand wrapped.

Cigar MakerTechnically, this term could refer to a cigar roller, since they 'make' the cigar, or the factory owner who 'makes' cigars. But, cigar maker is typically used in a much broader sense, referring to farmers, fermentors, blenders, and the people who put their names on a cigar brand.

Cigar Rolling TableCigar Rolling Tables are distinguished by a partial top shelf (approx: 40" high) over the standard table top (approx: 30" high). The partial top shelf creates extra space on top for placing finished cigars while the space underneath hides the goma guillotina water leaves and other incidentals. (How to build a Cigar Rolling Table) Download - Cigar Rolling Table Plans.

CigaretteFinely shredded tobacco which is wrapped in paper, smoked, and inhaled for consumption. More importantly, the difference between cigars/pipe tobaccos and cigarettes is varietal, chemical, agricultural, processing, and usage - which impacts frequency of use. Limiting the definition of cigarettes to 'paper' and size descriptions fails to recognize the most fundamental scientific facts.

Cigarette AdditivesThe following is a list of 599 additives found in commercial cigarette tobaccos. Luxury and premium tobaccos, whether cigarette, cigar, or pipe, should not contain any chemicals or unnatural flavorings.

CigarilloA small cigar, composed of Short Filler tobacco, and made by machine. Cigarillos are often Dry Cured, in the European tradition. Cigarillos are not Premium Cigars since they are not made from Long Filler or by hand.

Cloud-GrownThe term used to describe cigar tobacco grown in Ecuador which is naturally shaded by consistent cloud cover. The naturally diffused light diminishes vein size yields thinner leaves with a very consistent color and more subtle taste/aroma.

Condiment (tobacco)Also referred to as spice tobaccos, these types of pipe tobaccos are used in small proportions to add spice and enhance a blend. The two most popular condiment tobaccos are Latakia and Perique.

Cuban SeedThis term refers to seeds or varietals that originate from Cuba, but are typically grown in other countries. Since most dark tobacco/cigar varietals originate from Cuba, this is a very general term.

CulebraSpanish word for "Snake" which describes the braiding of three loosely filled, thin cigars which are held together by string. The practice of braiding cigars together came out of Cuba when factory owners needed a way to control the rollers%u2019 cigar smoking. Culebras were distributed as the day's ration of cigars. As the rollers smoked the Culebras, the squirmy look of the cigar signaled the factory managers that the rollers were not smoking the premium inventory.

CuringWhile Curing dries out the raw tobacco, it is more accurately described as the process of altering the chemical and organic properties of the leaves: converting starch to sugar, oxidizing sugar, losing chlorophyll, moisture etc... Freshly picked Tobacco leaves contain as much as 85% of their weight in moisture. When the moisture is removed, the chemical and organic changes are halted. Different Curing methods are used for different types of raw tobacco: Air, Fire, Flue, Sun. See Dry Cured Cigars for information on the Curing of finished cigars.

Default PositionAs in the theater every actor and prop has a 'mark' a physical location where they must be at any given time. A store should look the same at opening and closing every day. Sales customers receiving inventory and other events can disrupt the look of a store. Setting "Default Positions" a specific location for fixtures products ashtrays etc. can help maintain an orderly and coherent merchandising strategy.

DehumidificationAfter the 2nd Fermentation, the Filler and Binder Gavillas are laid on racks in climate controlled Dehumidification rooms for several days to let the leaf recuperate and dry out. Dehumidification also occurs after the cigars have been rolled and placed in Marrying rooms.

DesbotonarAnother form of Pruning this is the process of removing flower buds (before they bloom) from the tobacco plants. This occurs at least one week before harvesting begins: it keeps pollination from occurring and keeps the plants from expending energy and resources on the flowers.

DespalillarThe Spanish term for Stemming. Wrappers have the entire stem removed, yielding two separate parts of the leaf to wrap cigars. Filler leaves have only half of the stem removed from the bottom (creating a ?Pata de Rana? or ?Frogs Legs? shape).

Double Guillotine - Cigar CutterA cigar cutter with two straight blades, locked in a frame which makes a straight cut. A guillotine with one blade and two finger holes is a single guillotine as a double guillotine must have two blades.

Dry Cured CigarsThese cigars are slowly baked in an oven, after they are manufactured. They require only 12-15% relative humidity for preservation; this is approximately the same as indoor humidity. Dry Cured Cigars are usually machine-made with Sumatran, Central African, and/or Brazilian tobaccos. They are typically manufactured where they are most popular, in Europe.

Electronic CigaretteAlso known as e-cigarettes, these are electronic products which vaporize liquid nicotine and simulate the look and effects of cigarette smoking. The vapor is not smoke, but rather a water mist which momentarily resembles smoke. - Blog Article.

Entubado Bunching (Entubar)A technical rolling format which involves rolling each Filler leaf into itself, almost like a small scroll. Each individually "scrolled" leaf is then placed together to form the bunch. This skillful rolling technique creates a more firmly packed and balanced cigar which provides an excellent draw. Entubado Rolling is the most difficult and complex bunching method and is therefore rarely employed in large scale manufacturing.

EpidemiologyThe branch of medical science that studies factors affecting the health and illness of populations. The statistics and results of epidemiological studies are used as the reasoning/logic for public health and public policy decision making and legislation.

EscogidaCuban term for "the selection". In Cuban farming villages, the Escogida is a ritual and festival held while the tobacco leaf crop is graded and selected by factory representatives. Escogida can also refer to the color classification system for leaves and the room where this occurs.

Evaporation HumidificationThis type of Humidifier works because of the evaporative qualities of water. Typically the surface area of the Humidifier is in proportion to the size of the box and water is released at a rate which creates 70 to 73% humidity. Some Evaporation Humidifiers use a fan to control the evaporation rate.

FermentationAlso known as "Sweating" or "Trabajando", it is the natural, vigorous, highly controlled process that accounts for the majority of flavor + aroma development and distinction in cigar tobaccos. Fermentation occurs when moisture, heat, oxygen, and pressure levels reach a critical synergy: the result is an expulsion of ammonia and other unpalatable organic components of the leaf. The temperatures in Fermentation piles are closely monitored: the piles are deconstructed and re-configured before they get too hot. Tobacco can easily be depleted of flavor + aroma characteristics if over Fermented. Under Fermented tobacco will be noxious, unrefined, and "green" (an industry term with no relation to the leaf color).

Fill (Pipe)Pits or imperfections in Briar can be "Filled" in with wood putty or using comparable techniques. Typically a Fill is visible to the human eye because it will not look like the surrounding Briar. While Fills are common on many Pipes A High Grade Briar Pipe should be rejected or downgraded if Fill is used.

FillerThe combination of distinct tobacco leaves which constitute the "guts" of the cigar. Filler must be expertly bunched to make a well constructed cigar that will draw and burn in balance. The Cuban term for Filler is Tripa.

Fire-CuringThe curing process which uses small fires in an enclosed space to flavor tobaccos. Fire-Curing involves using aromatic woods as fuel, which imparts flavor into the tobaccos. Fire-Curing can be done after a Sun-Curing, as is the case with Latakia tobaccos.

Flue-CuringThe Curing process which applies high levels of heat, in an enclosed space, to tobaccos. The heat dries out the leaves and fixes the sugar content of the tobacco. This technique is most commonly used on Virginia varietals which have naturally high sugar levels.

German Blend (Cigarette)Similar to American blend, but more Oriental tobacco is used. These cigarettes have a milder taste since the tobacco is not as heavily cased and flavored as American cigarettes.

Grain DisruptionA change in Grain from Straight/Flame/Burl or No Grain (Bald Spot) to another pattern. Grain Disruptions are common on many extraordinary pipes but a Briar Pipe with only one Grain Pattern and no Disruption is truly rare and spectacular.

GuillotineA cigar cutter with a straight blade, locked in a frame, that cuts off a thin slice of the closed cigar Head. Single guillotines, along with double guillotines and scissors, produce a straight cut.

Habano SeedA traditional Cuban seed varietal family that has been hybridized and cross-bred to create many new modern varietals. Traditional Habano Seed is still used to produce many cigars throughout Central America. See Other Cigar Varietal Families.

Habanos S.A.The joint venture between the Cuban government (and Cubatabaco) and the European firm Altadis. Habanos S.A. controls the worldwide distribution and marketing of Cuban cigars. In addition, Habanos S.A. owns the trademarks for all Cuban cigar brands outside of the U.S.

Havana-Obsessed ConsumersSince Cuba is the 'birthplace' of cigar tobacco, many consumers assume and continue to believe that Cuban cigars are the best in the world. While this sentiment has changed dramatically since the 1990s, there are still many cigar smokers around the world that believe in Cuban cigar supremacy. This bias/focus is further exasperated in the U.S. because Cuban products are not easily available to consumers, so they base their assumptions on romance and mythology.

Homogenized Tobacco Leaf (H.T.L.)Originally developed by General Cigar during the 1950s, this reconstituted tobacco leaf was mixed with stems and cellulose to create a usable tobacco-like leaf. HTL is not a component of premium cigar and pipe tobaccos. HTL helped expand the machine-made cigar industry by creating cheaper alternatives.

HookahAlso known Narghile, Narghila, Nargile, Nargila, Sheesha, Shisha, Water-Pipe, or Hubbly-Bubbly. The Hookah Pipe is an indirect smoking system because the smoke passes through water, or other liquid, before reaching the smoker's palate. The four main parts of a Hookah are Bowl, Stem, Body, and Mouthpiece.

HotDescribes any tobacco that is transferring heat to the palate. This can be caused by smoking too quickly, or improper (cigar) rolling or (pipe) packing. Tobacco that burns hot is not combusting at the proper rate and must be allowed to cool down, by not drawing or toking.

HumidifierAn apparatus which creates and maintains the 65% to 73% Relative Humidity needed to keep cigars optimally conditioned. [Note: it is important to use distilled water or the closest alternative in Humidifiers. Minerals and other contaminants can clog the hygroscopic medium and/or taint cigars.]

HygroscopicThis term refers to a substance%u2019s qualities to readily absorb and retain humidity. Cigars and tobacco are Hygroscopic by nature, and require proper humidity to live and thrive properly.

IgloodorA makeshift humidor made from a plastic cooler, also referred to as a "Cooledor". This method of cigar storage is inexpensive, but can have drawbacks for long-term storage: plastic containers do not have the hygroscopic qualities that Spanish Cedar does, and the tight seal will not allow air to circulate in the humidor, increasing the risk of over-humidification and mold.Therefore, extra care and monitoring may be needed to maintain your cigars in this type of humidor. Additionally, cigar smokers may prefer a higher quality and more aesthetically pleasing humidor to store their luxury products.

LatakiaAn Oriental Tobacco which is sun-cured then fire-cured with aromatic woods and fragrant herbs to impart a smokey quality. Too strong and spicy to be smoked alone Latakia tobacco enhances and distinguishes other blends.

Lieberman (Bunch) RollingThis rolling technique uses the Lieberman machine to bunch and bind the tobacco filler leaves. The Lieberman machine is commonly used today in premium cigar factories throughout the world. Cigars which are bunched using the Lieberman machine usually still have the wrapper applied by hand.

LigaThe Spanish term for the Blend. Which is the combination of different tobacco leaves and proportions to create a specific character and taste. In a cigar this includes the filler binder and wrapper leaves.

LigeroOne of the 3 basic types of filler leaves of the Criollo plant: Seco, Volado, Ligero. Ligero leaves are from the top of the plant and are exposed to the most sun. Ligero leaves are known for being dense, rich, and robust.

Lucite (Pipe Stem)Lucite is a tradename for a type of hard and durable plastic polymer commonly used for Pipe Stems. They retain their finish over long periods and can be easily polished, yet they can be hard on the teeth.

Luxury TobaccoTobacco products which are created by master craftsmen utilizing premium quality tobacco and intended to be enjoyed while savoring your time. Luxury tobacco is never homogenized, commoditized, or used out of habit or addiction.

MaduroIn its most limited sense, the term maduro can simply refer to a dark or black wrapper color - these color wrappers can result from late primings or stalk-cutting broadleaf tobaccos. But, a true maduro will have a wrapper which has undergone longer and/or more intense (higher temperature) fermentation that produces a richer, earthier, and sweeter flavor.

Marrying RoomThe room where cigars [in bundles of 50] are stored in cedar cabinets after rolling. The room and cabinets allow the cigars to lose some of their excessive humidity and reach a balanced state. This process is necessary because cigar tobacco is "overly" moist during rolling.

MerchandisingThe physical and visual language with which our products communicate with the customer: it should be commensurate with the quality of the product and your store. Also spelled Merchandizing. Enhanced Content.

MoldsWood (or plastic) forms which give the binder and filler their cigar-like shape. Cigar Molds are filled with Bunches and then placed in a Press for approximately 45 minutes and then rotated by 1/3rd to eliminate any seam. The Bunches can also be left in the Mold and Press overnight if convenient, but the result will be the same.

MSA - Master Settlement AgreementsOn November 23, 1998, after years of litigation between state courts and the cigarette industry, leading U.S. cigarette manufacturers signed an agreement with the Attorneys General of 46 states, five U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia, known as the Master Settlement Agreement, or MSA. Previous agreements were already signed with the other 4 states. Collectively, these agreements are known as the state Tobacco Settlement Agreements, or TSA. These agreements had the effect of making the cigarette industry the most regulated and highly taxed industry in America; and has the unique distinction of making this the only industry legally required to fund its own opposition. Learn more in Tobacco College - Cigarettes.

Natural CavendishPipe tobacco that is steamed usually with sugars or flavoring in the water and pressed for an additional curing/fermentation period. Natural Cavendish differs from Black Cavendish in that it goes through a less vigorous pressing yielding a milder flavor.

Navy CutAlso known as Navy Plug, it was given the name because sailors would fill a long canvas tube with tobacco and flavorings (rum, fruits, spices), then twist the tube tight: mimicking the Pressing process. This technique created a dense "rope" of tobacco about an inch thick. When a piece of the tobacco is sliced/cut off it is called a Plug: this must be Rubbed Out for smoking purposes.

NicotianaThe Genus of plants which contains approximately 60 species of which most are found in the Americas; 14 are found in North America 9 of which were used by Native Americans in a variety of ways. Of these there were 2 species used in ways that modern aficionados would most recognize; namely Nicotiana rustica and Nicotiana tabacum.

Nicotiana rusticaOne of approximately 60 species of <a href="http://www.tobacconistuniversity.org/curriculum_tobacco_college_nicotiana_tabacum.php">Nicotiana</a>. For thousands of years during the Pre-Columbian era Nicotiana <em>rustica</em> was popular among the indigenous peoples of North America; while Nicotiana<em> tabacum</em> was confined to Central and South America.&nbsp;&nbsp;Notably Nicotiana <em>rustica</em> contains twenty times more nicotine than Nicotiana <em>tabacum</em>. Use and commercial production of Nicotiana<em> rustica</em> is well documented into the seventeenth century while it represents a only small fraction of global tobacco production today.

Nicotiana tabacumThe most famous of the more than 60 species of Nicotiana. Nicotiana tabacum is the largest cash crop plant on earth yet it is not found growing in the wild. Specifically Nicotiana tabacum is the plant species referred to as "Tobacco".

NicotineNicotine is a naturally occurring organic compound in the same family of substances (alkaloids) as Caffeine. Found in Tobacco plants and to a lesser degree in tomatoes green peppers potatoes and eggplant the general effects of Nicotine are biphasic: initially it is mentally invigorating then has a relaxing effect. Nicotine & TobaccoNicotine Strength.

OlorA variety of Dominican cigar tobacco which has large leaves and is commonly used for filler and binder. Olor tobacco can have a distinctly dry flavor, or drying effect on the mouth. Olor is also the Spanish term for "Smell".

OrientalTobacco grown mostly in Southern Europe and the Middle East this plant has relatively small leaves and produces fragrant dry flavor profiles with low nicotine and sugar content. Oriental tobacco is typically primed sun-cured and fermented.

Passive HumidifierA Passive Humidifierhas no electrical or moving parts and works on simple evaporative and chemical equilibrium principles. They are intended for smaller humidification needs and commonly used in travel and desktop humidors.

Pelo de OroWhile this is a Spanish term meaning "golden hair" it is usually a reference to a potent Cuban cigar varietal which was popular in the early and middle 20th Century. This tobacco could be used for wrapper and filler as well, but is disease prone and can infest entire crops and regions so it is rarely grown today. Pelo de Oro can be considered a 'campesino' or 'guajiro' tobacco since many agricultural workers grow and smoke it to this day - especially in the central part of Cuba. It is known for being quite strong and flavorful as well as sweet. Also, see Capadura.

PeriqueA burley tobacco grown only in St. James Parish, Louisiana. Perique is air-cured, then fermented in oak barrels to produce an extremely robust tobacco with high nicotine levels. Primarily used as a condiment in pipe tobacco blends and occasionally in cigarettes.

Picadura1.) Spanish term meaning "short filler" or scraps of tobacco. 2.) Picadura can also refer to the small under-developed leaves that grow just under the tobacco flower and above the ligero/corona leaves. The Spanish term Pica Dura (two words) translates into "Bites Hard/Strong".

PiloneIn the context of the 2 stage fermentation model that TU teaches, Pilones are the 1 to 3 foot tall piles of tobacco which constitute the initial Fermentation. Today, in countries like Honduras and The Dominican Republic, the term Pilone can refer to any Fermentation pile.

Pinch Test (Pipe Tobacco)Take a small clump of Pipe Tobacco between the thumb and forefinger and gently squeeze it together. If it makes a ""crackle"" sound or breaks, it is probably too dry to smoke and definitely too dry for storage/aging. If it sticks together for more than a few seconds it is too moist for smoking and probably too humid for storage/aging.

PitAlso known as "Sand Pit", this feature is a concave depression in the Briar: a natural imperfection. Pits are found on all Briar, so even extraordinary Pipes may have a Pit or two. If the Pit is not too large, the Pipe maker may leave it exposed and not fill it in. Usually only extreme scrutiny will reveal these minor blemishes to the human eye, yet fastidious Pipe collectors are forever in search of the perfect, Pit-less Briar.

PlumeAlso known as Bloom, this is a naturally occurring by-product of cigar aging. As the cigar exudes oils through the Wrapper, the oils crystalize on the outside and form a white powder-like substance. The Plume can be gently wiped off with no negative consequences.

PodarThe spanish term for Pruning, this refers to the process of trimming down seedlings while they are still in the Semilleros. By cutting off between half to two thirds of each tobacco leaf, agronomists/farmers force the plant to spend its energy on root and stalk development instead of the leaves.

Poker (Pipe)1. (pipe shape) A pipe with a cylindrical flat bottomed bowl. 2. (pipe tool) A slender piece of metal that is used to aerate and loosen tobacco in a pipe bowl as well as clear the pipe's airhole.

Pre-ColumbianTechnically this term refers to the era of history on the American continents before the arrival of Christopher Columbus. In practice Pre-Columbian history can apply to all time before and until the indigenous peoples of the Americas made contact with Europeans.

Pressed (Tobacco)Pipe Tobacco which is contained under pressure exerted by a machine. Pressing for hours or days can help different Tobacco flavors marry as well as create a manageable "brick" which can then be packaged, aged, and/or Flake Cut. Long Term Pressing, as done to Cavendish Tobaccos, can create Fermentation (with the proper temperature and moisture) which will dramatically change and develop the Tobacco.

Priming (Primed)The term used for Harvesting premium tobacco leaves 2 or 3 at a time, approximately once a week. The process starts at the bottom of the plant and continues upward. Priming allows the leaves at the top to get more sun and reach optimal Maturation before being picked: the higher the Priming, the stronger the tobacco.

ProcigarEstablished in 1992, this association is composed of the Dominican Republic's most traditional and experienced cigar manufacturers. Their objective is to defend, protect, and divulge the good name of the "land of Cigar Country": preserving their heritage and maintaining the quality upon which it is built. Every year since 2008, Procigar has hosted the Procigar Festival in the Dominican Republic to host consumers and industry professionals while educating them about their products and culture. Procigar, also known as La Asociacion de Fabricantes de Cigarros de la Republica Dominicana, has a quality seal used exclusively by its members - click here to see the Procigar seal.

Propylene Glycol (PG)An organic chemical liquid alcohol that mixes well with water in any proportion.PG is used in Reverse Osmosis humidification systems to assist in regulating humidity levels in humidors. See Humidifiers.

ReamerA Pipe tool used to clean out excess Char from the Bowl and facilitate an even Cake. Pipe Reamers are shaped to fit inside the Chamber and spread out to apply even pressure along the interior walls. When turned they remove Char and compress the existing Cake.

Reconstituted Tobacco Sheet (R.T.S.)Development of this homogenized tobacco-like product started as early as the 1930s by R.J. Reynolds. R.T.S. is comprised of stems, leaf, cellulose, additives, flavorings, and ingredients which are formed into sheets of ""paper"" and then shredded to be used in cigarette manufacturing.

Retro-halingThe act of moving smoke from the back of the mouth up through the nasal cavity and exhaling through the nose. In order to retro-hale the mouth and nasal cavity can be connected by making a 'gulping' action and exhaling through the nose at the same time. Retro-haling creates a powerful synergy of taste and olfaction (aroma/smell) where the spices body flavor and strength of the cigar will be pronounced simultaneously.

Reverse Osmosis HumidificationThese humidifiers use the proper proportions of Propylene Glycol (or other similar chemicals) and water to create the desired humidity. Propylene Glycol acts as a buffer in the humidifier so that water is not released too quickly or slowly.

Royal PalmRoystonea regia also known as the Cuban Royal Palm. The typical Cuban Royal Palm grows between 40-50 ft., its leaves are commonly used for roofing tobacco barns and its bark for making Tercios.

Rubbing OutThe process of breaking up a dense tobacco in the palm of the hand. Place tobacco in one palm and apply gentle pressure to the tobacco with the other palm while moving your hands in small circular motions: this will loosen and break up the tobacco just enough to prepare it for smoking. Typically necessary with Flake and Plug tobaccos.

San Andres NegroThe most famous Mexican cigar varietal grown in the San Andres Valley. San Andres Negro is a Stalk-Cut tobacco, which produces excellent Binder and Maduro Wrappers. Due to the toughness and resilience of the leaf, it holds up well during the extra fermentation required to produce Maduro Wrappers.

San VicenteA varietal family which is now widely grown in the Dominican Republic. This cigar tobacco is commonly used for filler and binder. San Vicente varietals are a little lighter than Piloto and can have a mouth watering effect and be a little acidic; they are not as dry as Olor varietals.

SavoryThe taste sensation produced by umami. The Spanish word equivalent is Sabroso. More generally savory can be something that is pleasing to the sense of taste by way of seasoning that is not characteristically sweet.

SecoFiller tobacco leaves from the center of the Criollo plant. For other varietals, Seco can refer to the lower primings. Seco leaves are valued for their moderate flavor and good burning qualities; they are not as thick as Ligero or as light as Volado.

Shade-GrownThis refers to tobacco (typically Wrappers) grown under cheesecloth (Tapados) to minimize the harsh rays of the sun. Shade Grown tobaccos have a more uniform appearance, and a more subtle and delicate flavor; they are also a little thinner and more elastic than Sun-Grown leaves.

Shag CutTobacco which is finely cut/shredded into long threads: thinner and longer than Ribbon Cut. Virginia Tobaccos lend themselves to this Cut because of their large size. This Cut is common for natural RYO cigarette tobaccos as well.

ShishaAlso known as Sheesha, it is the tobacco used for Hookah smoking. Shisha is typically pre-moistened with water, honey, and/or molasses and flavored with fruit and/or spices. Shisha is too moist to smoke with a simple flame, so it must be kept lit by placing a hot coal on top of it.

Smooth [Finish]Exactly what it sounds like, a Briar Pipe with a Smooth Finish has been sanded and polished to reveal the Grain as much as possible. Smooth Briars can be naturally treated or dyed with stain to achieve a variety of shades and colors.

SnuffA ground up, powder-like tobacco that is inhaled or 'snuffed'. Snuffing tobacco was popularized in Europe. In America snuff can refer to dipping tobacco which is placed in the mouth between the gums and mouth wall; also see snus.

SnusLike snuff (and dip), snus is powderized tobacco that is placed between the lip and gums. Popular in Sweden and Norway, this type of snuff is typically steam or flue-cured, not fermented, and contains no added sugar. Snus use typically does not require spitting. It is illegal in the European Union, except Norway and Sweden.

Stalk-CuringThe process of air-curing tobacco leaves while they are still attached to the stalk. Stalk-Curing can be applied to Stalk-Cut or Stalk-Primed tobaccos. This process takes longer and is more expensive than traditional air-curing but it nourishes the leaves with nutrients from the stalk - creating an extraordinary end product.

Stalk-CutThis term describes a plant which is harvested all at once by cutting the stalk, low to the ground. Unlike Primed plants, all of the leaves are harvested at one time. This technique is common with Broadleaf and San Andres Negro tobaccos, which are typically used for Maduro and Oscuro cigar Wrappers.

Stalk-PrimingAs with priming, this process involves harvesting approximately a pair of leaves per week, but starts at the top and works down the plant. In addition, leaves are picked with a small piece of the stalk in tact, holding the leaves together. The picked stalk/leaves are draped over long sticks (cujes) and dried for 24 hours outdoors then moved into curing barns (casas detabaco). These leaves take up much more room in the barns and take up to 90 days to dry out (2 to 3 times longer than primed leaves). While this was a more traditional harvesting method before and during the 20th Century, it is not commonly used today. Having the stalk connected to the leaves during priming is said to fortify and 'feed' the leaves during air-curing. View the CMT Academic Content.

StemmingWrappers have the entire stem removed, yielding two separate parts of the leaf to wrap cigars. Filler leaves have only half of the stem removed from the bottom (creating a "Pata de Rana" or "Frogs Legs" shape).

Stockholm Cigar SyndromeThe psychological response in (cigar) sales representatives who fall in love with their own mediocre or bad products. The same can happen to consumers and Tobacconists who enjoy a cigar (or pipe) when they smoke it with the maker and realize later that it was not nearly as good as they remembered. Similarly Havana-Obsessed consumers are being held hostage by romance and mythology. Enhanced Content

StogieA slang term for a cheroot, named after the cigar making region of Conestoga, Pennsylvania, where the inexpensive cigars were popular with wagon drivers during the 1700s. Originally, these cigars were called 'stogas' until Marsh Wheeling introduced the Marsh Wheeling Stogie in 1848, a cigar measuring 7"" x 34rg. The Marsh Wheeling Stogie was half the price of competing cheroots and used long filler. (Historical Contribution by Frank Seltzer)

SuckerSecondary leaves on tobacco plants that must be removed so nutrients will flow to the primary leaves. Every plant in every field has these 'sucker' leaves and they must be meticulously removed by hand.See Jorge Padrón Video.

Sun-CuringThe process of exposing harvested leaves to direct sunlight: this takes between a few days to a few weeks. This process releases moisture and prepares the leaf for fermentation. Sun-Curing is most commonly used on Oriental tobaccos.

Sunlight ManipulationWhile sunlight can be manipulated with shade cloth this term refers to the effect of mountains surrounding valleys shading out part of the early and late day sun. See Geography & Climate for more information.

TamperA tool used to pack pipe tobacco. Tampers can be made from any hard, durable material, and can range in design from a simple nail-head style to ornate carved and cast versions. Inexpensive tampers can scratch and damage the bowl of the pipe, and softer metals, such as pewter, are preferred by discriminating pipe smokers.

TemscoThis name refers to a machine which assists in the bunching process, much like a Lieberman machine. Cigars which are bunched using the Lieberman or Temsco machine usually still have the wrapper applied by hand.

TerciosPalm bark bundles used to package fine tobacco wrappers for aging. The bark is wet down and tightly molded around tobacco piles. It is then tied shut and becomes hard like plastic when it dries out.

Terminal ThresholdThe Sensory Threshold where saturation inhibits our senses from perceiving any more stimulus; like ten people smoking cigars in a room where the eleventh cigar will not change what you smell.

Tobacco BeetleTechnically known as Lasioderma Serricorne, and also referred to as Cigar and Cigarette Beetles, these pests begin as microscopic eggs found in food and tobacco. Under proper conditions, these eggs can develop into larva, pupa, and finally adult beetles. During their short lifetime, Tobacco Beetles can eat through your cigars and leave them ruined, strewn with holes like Swiss cheese. Go to Tobacco Beetle FAQ.

TrichomeVery small, hair-like outgrowths found on plant leaves. Tobacco leaves, in addition to being very thick and sticky with resin, have Trichomes on their outer surface. The tobacco plant Trichomes help the leaf absorb moisture and reflect excessive radiation. After tobacco is rolled into a cigar, the Trichomes may still be visible and will help inhibit the evaporation of oils from the cigar's wrapper.

Triple CapThe term given to the [Parejo] cigar head finishing technique traditionally used in Cuba. The Triple-Cap uses a small tear-drop shaped piece of tobacco which is woven into the wrapper and used to close the open Head. After the head is closed, a perfect circle of tobacco (Cap) is cut with the Casquillo and placed on top to create a finished look. While this technique is meticulous and time consuming, it produces a strong, reinforced head. It is called the Triple-Cap because the cigar Head appears to have several seams.

TSA - Tobacco Settlement AgreementsOn November 23, 1998, after years of litigation between state courts and the cigarette industry, leading U.S. cigarette manufacturers signed an agreement with the Attorneys General of 46 states, five U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia, known as the Master Settlement Agreement, or MSA. Previous agreements were already signed with the other 4 states. Collectively, these agreements are known as the state Tobacco Settlement Agreements, or TSA. These agreements had the effect of making the cigarette industry the most regulated and highly taxed industry in America; and has the unique distinction of making this the only industry legally required to fund its own opposition. Learn more in Tobacco College - Cigarettes.

UmamiThe fifth taste; described in Japanese as ""deliciousness"", umami is also defined as savory, or sabroso in Spanish. Specifically, umami is the taste of L-glutamate, the dominant amino acid in living things. Umami taste is common in fermented foods, aged cheese, meat, ketchup, tomatoes, mushrooms, boullion/broth, soy sauce, MSG, and breast milk.

Varietal FamilyA broader category which usually includes many specific varietals. In the cigar and pipe tobacco industry, varietal families like Burley, Virginia, Oriental, and Broadleaf are often referenced when the actual seed varietals being used are more specific.

VintageThis term should refer to the year a tobacco leaf in a particular cigar or pipe tobacco is harvested. In most retail brands, the vintage (i.e. 1993) refers to a specific leaf/component like the wrapper, binder or filler(s) grown in a specific year.

In the absence of provenance or appellation-like standards in the cigar/pipe industry, there can be some ambiguity when the term vintage is used. Some cigar makers can misuse the term simply to make their cigars seem older or more attractive. Also, see Estate Vintage. Click here to learn about a true vintage cigar.

WITWITTHAcronym referring to the "Where In The World Is The Tobacconist Handbook?" project: WITWITTH or WITWITTH%3F. The WITWITTH%3F project is a collection of photos of people with The Tobacconist Handbook. You can see all the photos on our Facebook Fan page.