1)phospholipids and they are involved in structure of cell membranes, amphipathic molecules
2) triglycerides and they are a source of energy for the cell when there is oxidation of their fatty acids
3) sphingolipids and they dont exist in large amounts but are important signalling molecules for cell/cell interations and you find them in the membranes of cells

What are the fatty acids that are found in complex lipids characterized by?

1) number of carbons in the chain
2) number of double bonds
3) position of double bonds

What are simple lipids?

Based upon the structure of the CHO molecule, a ring structure that does not have a fatty acid attached to it, found in cell membranes to stabilize them and make them more rigid and hormones, vitamins and components of the electron transport chain all involved with simple lipids

Where does the chylomicron come from and what is it mainly composed of?

The gut and it is mainly triglyceride

What allows for the effective reaction between lipoprotein lipase and chylomicron?

apoprotein C

What allows the secretion of the chylomicron?

apoprotein B

What is the first thing that happens in lipid digestion?

a gastric lipase begins to breakdown the triglyceride into monoglycerides and free fatty acids and this is called an emulsion

What is the second thing that happens in lipid digestion?

pancreatic lipase is then secreted to get everything broken down to free fatty acid and monoglycerides and it enters through a mycell

What acts of lipids with pancreatic lipase?

Bile salts that get reabsopred in the distal ilium and also give pancreatic lipase more access to the di and triglycerides that have not yet been digested

What cells can't break down chylomicrons?

CNS

What tethers and grabs the lipoprotein lipase dimer on the endothelium?

A heparan and proteoglycan thing

What activity does the lipoprotein lipase have?

serine ester so it breaks ester bonds

What two fates does the fatty acid have once it is taken up by the cell?

1) Stay and be used in the formation of phospholipids or more triglycerides or cholesterol esters so basically biosynthesis or
2) it can enter the mitochondria and be oxidized all the way down to CO2 and water with the intended production of ATP

What happens to the glycerol molecule backbone?

It can be taken up by the cell and used as an intermediate in glycolysis or gluconeogenesis

What happens when lipoprotein lipase is not working right?

plasma triglycerides go way up and can cause pancreatitis

How do we get energy out of a fatty acid?

1) activation to fatty acid coA
2) transport into the mitochondria by the carnitine shuttle
3) beta oxidation and the production of acetyl coA and some ATP
4) ATP production from acetyl coA into the TCA cycle

Where is a fatty acid biosynthetic and where is it bioenergetic?

1) in the cytosol
2) in the mitochondria

Where are the enzymes for beta oxidation and the tca cycle?

in the mitochondria

How is fatty acid coA made?

It is made by acyl-coA synthetase which adds coA on the carboxy terminus making a thioester bond and atp is required