Have you simply tried shaking it front to back vigorously? If you have and I am assuming you did that. take it out, and on the top of the cartridge you will see a clear round window. Take either some black tape, or a small piece of paper and tape over it and see what happens. How that machine determines if there is or is not ink in the cartridge is by a sensor that looks throught that window for toner.
If you block it and it still says out of toner, then your sensor is bad.

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Could be a bad drum unit. Is the new toner cartridge a refilled? Remanufactured? or Brand New Xerox brand toner? If it is refilled or remanufactured I would run some copies and give it a chance to clear. Sometimes they end up with too much toner in the Developer mix and can be overtoned which causes a general background over the whole page. They should clear up as you run copies, say within 100 pages. Also try manually lightening the copy with the exposure control on the operation panel. If lightening the copy clears all of the background then you need to have the optics cleaned. There are 4 mirrors under the large original glass that need to be cleaned. If all this fails then you are looking at either drum unit or a defective or out of balance toner/developer cartridge.
Good Luck and Thank You for using Fixya.

Press,,,,, Menu #1934 . What you may want to try first is to do what is called the Shading adjustment. That calibrates the scanner.It would be found in the maintenance menu after you enter diagnostics.You must place 5 pieces of white paper on the glass before you perform the adjustment.There really is no way to increase the amount of toner concentration on that machine. You may very well have a defective ink cartridge. That is not uncommon on the C20. There is a metering blade in the toner cartridge that often times does not allow enough ink to be applied to the toner roller.

Yeah the c20 is not sturdy at all. But that aside. Some things to do.1, Unplug the machine, remove the back cover and on the right side you will see the main board.On the top portion of the board you will see a white ribbon cable. Unplug it and look at the silver contacts on the very end of that cable. Then reseat that cable. That may be the problem. More than likely though you have either a dirty mirror in the scanner. Which would require removing and cleaning the scanner thoroughly.The laser may also need cleaning. The toner cartridges for that machine leave a lot to be desired also. When you get a bad copy remove the toner, shake it from side to side and see if that fixes the problem temporarily. The blades that put the proper amount of ink on the toner roll fail often.The scanner failing would be my first thought. Also go to Xerox.com, select support and drivers, then enter C20 in the search box. Then go to drivers and downloads and install the newest firmware for the machine. You may have a machine software issue. I have worked on that machine since day one of its existence, I never did care for it. It is a cheap machine made by Sharp corporation for Xerox. It really isn't a Xerox product, they just stuck their sticker on it.

The metering blades in those cartridges go bad and do not allow the ink to get to the page. Look at the front of the toner cartridge, is should be a solid consistent black all the way across, if its streaky, not consistent all the way across replace the toner.The other problem could be a dirty laser. If replacing the toner doesnt work let me know, I will tell you how to remove and clean the laser.

hello sir; you said this one is brand new, did you follow the installation instruction, no matter what, just di it again,
1, press "menu" ,
2, press up/down arrow keys until"new drum" display
3, press "mode/enter"
4, when you see"new drum unit?" press "1" to select "yes"
5, turn power off and on .

That sounds like your toner is empty. Sometimes that cartridge runs out or low on ink and just doesn't display.What is happening is the density sensor is looking for a nice black patch and the patch it is looking for is gray or almost blank and it stays in a constant cycle of trying to make that ink patch dark enough to produce a copy, I would try a new toner.