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Hi friends, I am Dr Ashwani Maichand and I am Orthopaedic surgeon based in Delhi. Today we will be talking about knee pain, knee pain is actually one of the commonest causes why people visit orthopaedic OPD’s we divide knee pain into three groups one athlete, second young females and third elderly patients. The causes are entirely different in our three groups and when to contact a doctor, how to prevent the problem and what are the causes will be discussing each of them. Let's take athlete first, we have now we see people are taking sports as a career now and the knee is one of the most important commonly injured joints causes can be cartilage tear what we call meniscal tear, it can be ligament tears, it can be tendon tear, it can be a muscle tear. So at the earliest, you should look for a knee surgeon, the knee is a very specialist branch these days, it's just not any Orthopaedic surgeon you should look for a knee surgeon. So, contact the person, the expert as soon as possible don't self-treat yourself because these problems can be treated very nicely at the early stage. If you delay there can be complications and it can affect your career that's a simple message. Second young ladies in their early thirties, late thirties they start having pain when their climbing stairs when they are squatting when they are getting up from chair and generally they ignore it. The reason is very very simple, the knee has only two things muscles and bones, one of them get a week with time or with lack of exercise, so we must get assist by an Orthopaedic surgeon by knee surgeon. What is the cause, in young ladies generally it is the beginning of osteoporosis that is lack of calcium in bones, one and second, the muscles on the medial side that is the inner side of the thigh they become weaker as compared to the muscle of the lateral side that is the outer aspect of the thigh, what happens it causes imbalance in your knee cap, the knee cap gets tilted on the outer side, it starts rubbing against your Femur bone the thigh bone it causes pain when you are climbing stairs, walking is perfectly fine but remember this is the beginning of the Arthritis which you will be suffering when you are 50 + and 60 +. If you stop this thing right now, there are high chances that you never suffer from Arthritis and you will never go for a knee replacement. So we should take opinion No.2, we should get our Vitamin D and Calcium check regularly and No.3, of course, regular exercises even if its a walk, jogging whatever yoga anything keep your body flexible, keep your muscles strong, keep your bones strong. Now we come to the elderly grow the osteoarthritis, that means the wear and tear of knee joints with age, so it's very common in 60 + and 70 + people. They come with Arthritis they have deformed joints and it affects not only their knees but their spine as well as their general well being. These days knee replacement is very successful surgery, very nicely done people hardly discharge on 3rd or 4th day they are walking the very next day these days knee replacement is done by MIS technique, whenever required avail it doesn't wait. Generally, we have pain in one knee and we wait for the other knee to get spoilt, we wait for the spine to have Arthritis then we go for knee replacement but by that time we have lost our 10-15 years of good productive life. So get treatment in time because this is something that is age-related if it happens, get it treated don't suffer. So that was the message, I am available for further opinions further the details on Lybrate.

Hi guys, I am Dr Ashwani Maichand and I am an orthopaedic surgeon based in Delhi.

Today, orthopaedic problems are very common over all age groups and patients are coming to us not only for trauma but for backache, neck pain, knee pain which are generally lifestyle problems. So today we will be talking about how to prevent them before you go to a doctor . Before you go for a surgery, can we identify these problems in advance and can we treat them ? Let's talk about that .

Backache - Generally patients come to us either with a low backache or with upper back. The upper back ache in our experience is more of a young age problem . People who are working on a computer laptop, the whole day they are sitting, they are working in offices. Generally, Orthopaedic surgeons and many general practitioners and sometimes we ourselves label them as cervical spondylosis and these patients by mistake are being treated as a patient of cervical spondylosis but they are not suffering from it. What they are suffering from is a muscle imbalance.

The muscles in our staple in our upper back, they are basically holding our upper limbs . But when we are sitting whole day long, the muscles on the anterior part of the body, the front of the body they become shorter and the muscles on the back become weak, so the whole weight of our arms and the shoulders comes on the neck and these patients present as neck pain and upper back pain instead of going for x-rays, MRI and extensive investigation. They should contact an orthopaedic surgeon where we label that these muscles are weak, these muscles are tight so we stress the tight muscle and strengthen the weak muscles . We correct their posture , we look at their workstation , their office , which type of chair they are using, at what height their system is placed , where their mouse is , where their keyboard is - all these are very basic things.

They come in Ergonomics. So it is all about changing your lifestyle, let's not adapt to the system that is given to us all. Working atmosphere rather we change the working environment according to our body so that these problems don’t bother and you don't have to visit the Orthopaedic surgeon , you don't have to take a leave so it is basically lifestyle problem.

Second, our younger generation is not active athletically. Sunlight exposure is very low and their meals are very irregular and its not a balanced diet so overall this lifestyle, It ultimately gives us pain discomfort and we rely on painkillers and we go to doctors and basically our whole system is disturbed because we are not careful about our body.

So that is the message - please take care of your body mentally as well as physically so that you never need a doctor, but unfortunately, if you are suffering from any of these conditions, you can contact us on Lybrate. We are available online and clinic as well. So now you know how to contact us.

Personal Statement

Dr. Ashwani Maichand brings with him a rich experience of Orthopaedics more than a decade of which has been dedicated to joint reconstruction. He began his career at Govt. Medical College......more

Dr. Ashwani Maichand brings with him a rich experience of Orthopaedics more than a decade of which has been dedicated to joint reconstruction. He began his career at Govt. Medical College- Rohtak in 1987. After graduation he moved to S M S Medical College-Jaipur for postgraduation.
Present Attachments : Working as Senior Consultant & Head Minimal Access Orthopaedic Surgery (Knee & Shoulder Division)- Fortis Hospital Shalimar Bagh. He is also Hon. consultant to special protection group (SPG).
In his post M S period Dr Maichand had the privilege of working with the masters of joint replacement and arthroscopy in India and abroad. He completed his M Ch in 2009 from American Institute of Medicine.He has had special training in joint replacement surgery.
His practice is specific to hip and knee surgery.
He has already performed number of hip/knee replacements.
He has worked with surgeons who have performed thousands of hip/knee replacements.
He does all surgery by himself, from beginning to end.
He has a very well experienced and co-ordinated surgical team, which includes Geriatric anaesthesiologist, trained surgical team, trained rehab and nursing professionals.
He selects the best implant for you.
He selects implants that are right for you and your lifestyle.
He has a special technique for perfectly measuring the leg length in every hip replacement.
He routinely uses the revolutionary mini-incision (minimal invasive) hip replacement and mini-incision knee replacement techniques.
He has a dedicated and speciality oriented rehabilitation team. As a result his patients recover from surgery extremely rapidly with minimal post-op restrictions, and with quick return to normal activities.
Anaesthesiologists with him are experienced with elderly and high risk patients.
His hospital has excellent cardiac and intensive care back up.
He specially trained in Minimally Invasive Joint Replacement Surgery (MIS)

More about Dr. Ashwani Maichand

Dr. Ashwani Maichand is a renowned Orthopedist in Patel Nagar, Delhi. He has been a practicing Orthopedist for 24 years. He studied and completed Fellowship in Joint Replacement , M.Ch , MS - Orthopaedics, MBBS. You can visit him at Dr. Ashwani Maichand's Minomax Knee & Shoulder Clinic in Patel Nagar, Delhi. Save your time and book an appointment online with Dr. Ashwani Maichand on Lybrate.com.

Lybrate.com has a number of highly qualified Orthopedists in India. You will find Orthopedists with more than 29 years of experience on Lybrate.com. Find the best Orthopedists online in New delhi. View the profile of medical specialists and their reviews from other patients to make an informed decision.

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Ananya Asri

May 23, 2017

My mother had a severe pain in her knees. she was not consulting any doctor as she anticipated that she'll be fine by home remedies but the agony didn’t go away. I searched on Practo and found Dr. Ashwani maichand. We visited his clinic, and he gave us some medications, and taught her some exercises. It’s been a month now and she has improved a lot.

Verified

Jun 13, 2017

i had pain in my back, due to my desk job. my neck got stiff and i had excruciating pain. so i consulted dr ashwani maichand. he taught me some excercises, and we began with the treatement. but now i am good. and i dont get much pains

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A fracture separates a single solid object into two or more pieces due to pressure. In medical terms, a fracture refers to a broken bone due to some kind of external trauma. A crack in the bone, on the other hand, does not cause a clean break in the bone - there is only a separation or discontinuity in the bone material. A crack in the bone caused due to repeated stress is often called a 'hairline fracture'.

Here are the basic differences between a crack and a fracture in the bone and how to treat them:

A crack or hairline fracture is rarely caused by a single injury. It is usually the result of bone fatigue which may be caused due to repeated concentrated stress over a long period of time and thus it is also called a stress fracture. Other bone fractures are almost always the result of sudden and severe force on the bones.

The skeletal system constantly remodels itself. The cells called osteoblasts absorb calcium and secrete bone connective tissue. If a particular site is exposed to recurrent bouts of force (which are individually not impactful enough to cause a crack), over time the osteoblasts in that region malfunction and the crack appears. Muscular exhaustion can also cause cracks in the bones. Fractures are caused due to sudden external single force trauma to the bone. Nutritional problems like deficiencies of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D and excessive smoking decrease the bone mineral density and increase the chances of both cracks and fractures.

The symptoms of a crack are swelling, tenderness and sharp pain in the injured region. The symptoms worsen over time. A fracture has similar symptoms and might also exhibit an external physical distortion and makes it impossible to move the part of the body that where the broken bone is.

An MRI is better for the detection of cracks or crack-prone areas because an X-ray can only detect the crack after it widens somewhat or the bone starts paining because the rays cannot pass through the tiny gap in bone material. A fracture is easily detectable by an X-ray because the rays pass right through the break.

Complete rest for six to eight weeks is the most effective way of healing a crack. Using a walking boot in case of cracks in the leg bones in also helpful. Healing fractures requires extensive medical intervention. Surgical techniques like bone grafting and insertion of metal plates are used to reposition the broken bone.

In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!

The human hand has multiple bones, tendons, ligaments and muscles which in unison help us to grip things and manipulate other objects to do our work. Within the wrist lies a narrow passageway on the palm side which houses the main nerve for movement of the nine tendons. These tendons help us to move our fingers individually and grip things or accomplish any task we want with our hands.

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition where this nerve gets pinched due to a variety of factors and may have adverse effects. Some of the symptoms include tingling, numbness and pain with movements of the arm.

Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:
The nerve within the wrist which is known as the median nerve can be pinched due to a variety of factors:

Movements where the wrists are always higher and in an angle: Repetitive movements of the wrists where the hands are always at a lower angle, can increase the chances of carpal tunnel syndrome. This is usually a workplace related problem and thus be caused by bad hand posture.

Medical Conditions: There are certain medical conditions that may also trigger the onset of carpal tunnel syndrome such as diabetes, thyroid, menopause and other problems.

Pregnancy: Pregnancy has also known to cause carpal tunnel disorder as it can alter the balance of fluids within your body. However, other factors could also put your fluids in imbalance and cause problems with the median nerve.

Conditions that may cause inflammation: Certain conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can cause the inflammation within the joints which might lead to the median nerve being pinched which in turn might lead to carpal tunnel syndrome.

Some Preventive Measures from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:

Breaks from repetitive work: It is important for your wrists to have a break when you are doing repetitive tasks that might cause carpal tunnel syndrome. Relax and stretch your muscles within the break time

Wear wrist splints: These are support devices which can help correct problems for repetitive actions throughout the day while you are sleeping.

Take pain reliever if you start having chronic pains: If your wrist pain is not letting you functions normally, take a pain reliever such as ibuprofen or aspirin and go to a doctor as soon as possible for a more thorough treatment.

In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!

Sleep is a natural part of the daily biological functions and we spend some time of the 24 hours sleeping.

Sleep cycles are different for different persons and while 5 to 6 hours of sleep may be enough for some people, others may need up to 8 hours of sleep to feel refreshed. How you sleep is as important as the duration. This is one area which is often neglected by people.

Why sleeping positions are important?

Sleeping positions are very important as you stay in a single position for hours at a time every day, and if these habits are bad, they can contribute to spinal problems. Thus, many of the spinal problems can also be alleviated by sleeping correctly.

Some of the bad sleeping positions that may adversely affect your spine are as follows.

On your stomach - This position is in overall a bad position as it curls up the spine, especially where the neck meets the spine and can cause spinal deformities over a long period of time. Certain adjustments to this position can lessen the effects, but it is important to try to change habits and sleep in a better position.

The fetal position - Although this is one of the more natural positions and most babies are crouched up in this form in the mother's womb; as a sleeping position, it has its disadvantages as well. The lower spine is especially put under a lot of stress when someone curls up in this position.

On your side - Although this is safer compared to the other two, sleeping on your sides straight would cause blood circulation issues and also put a lot of stress on the relevant organs, depending on the side you were sleeping on.

In all of the cases, slight adjustments to these positions will lessen the stress on the spine and also help you sleep better.

Some of the adjustments that you can make are:

1. Sleep with a pillow between your knees to align your hips and cause less strains on the spine.
2. If you don't have sleep apnea, put a pillow under your knees to raise them while lying on you back.
3. If you sleep on your back, try to consciously change your position to sleep on the side.
4. Try and actively change your posture throughout the day to ensure good sleeping position at night.

In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!

The bones and joints orchestrate very well with each other for smooth movements of various joints and the spine. However, due to various reasons, some identified and others unknown, there could be inflammation of the areas where the bones join the muscles leading to impaired movement. The range of motion could be reduced or it could be painful, thereby, limiting movement. Spondyloarthritis includes a group of inflammatory diseases that involves the bones and joints and enthuses which are areas where the ligaments and tendons attach to the bones. This causes conditions like plantar fasciitis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and reactive arthritis. The term spondyloarthritis is a blanket term to describe any of the above-mentioned conditions.

Read on to know a little more in detail about it:

Causes: While the exact etiology is not identified for sure, most patients with spondyloarthritis have an autosomal dominant gene (HLA-B27). Chronic infections could trigger the onset of the disease too.

Symptoms:

1. In all forms of spondyloarthritis, there is always inflammation of the spine, joints and entheses. If the fingers or toes are involved, there could be swelling leading to what are typically known as 'sausage digits'.

2. There is sacroiliitis which is inflammation of the joint between the pelvis and the spine, and spondylitis which is inflammation of the joints between the spines. 3. Family history and autosomal dominant gene.

Diagnosis:

A detailed medical history and physical examination form the cornerstone of a confirmed diagnosis. In addition, radiographic examination and diagnostic blood tests also could be done to confirm the diagnosis. Radiographs, especially, of the spine and the low back show typical changes including sacroilitis in suspected cases of spondyloarthritis. If the spine does not show these changes, but there is a high likelihood of spondyloarthritis, then MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

As a final step, a blood test for the HLA-B27 gene can also be confirmatory. However, it is not true that a person with the gene will definitely develop the disease.

Treatment:

The most important aspect of treatment is the use of pain medications and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which help manage pain and inflammation.

Corticosteroid injections may sometimes be given directly into the joint spaces or the membranes to provide quick relief of these symptoms.

ESWT / RSWT has a definite role to cure enthesopathy. Plantar fasciitis, and achillodynia can be cured with ESWT. Even small joints of hand and feet are amenable to treatment with RSWT. It is nonoperative and noninvasive treatment and has no side effects.

Very rarely, stronger drugs such as methotrexate or sulfasalazine may be used.

Another set of drugs known as TNF-blockers (tumor necrotizing factor blockers) are also shown to be highly effective in controlling the pain of the spine and joints.

In very severe cases, surgery may be required to correct joint damages or correct severe degenerative changes.

Exercise plays a very vital role in controlling the issue and improving range of motion.

In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!

My mother aged 65 years has severe arthritis of both knees, should she get both knees replaced in one sitting?

You should do both knees in one sitting if the severity is same in both the knees and the patient is unable to differentiate the painful knee. In case the patient says one knee is more painful than address one knee at a lime. Your own knee is always the best till it lasts.

Earlier return to baseline function and convenience for the patient and relatives

Shorter cumulative hospital stays

What are the risks associated with bilateral Total Knee Replacement (TKR) and are there any studies to support the same?

The risks of cardiac and infection related complications for bilateral TKR are lower than the combined risk of two unilateral TKRs. A population-based comparison of the incidence of adverse outcomes after simultaneous-bilateral and staged-Bilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty published in The Journal of Bone And Joint Surgery.

Result: Records were available for 11.445 simultaneous-bilateral arthroplasty Procedures and 23.715 staged-bilateral procedures.

Conclusions: Simultaneous-bilateral total knee arthroplasty was associated with clinically important reduction in the incidence of infection and malfunction within one year after arthroplasty.

What is the latest Technology available which could help improve surgical outcomes?

Custom Fit Knee Resurfacing: A knee with your name on it i.e. customized specifically based on your dimensions.

Understanding Custom Fit Knee Resurfacing: You are unique and so is your individual anatomy and thus lack of accuracy leads to discomfort and even further corrective surgeries That is why Custom Fit Knee replacement surgery, which utilizes MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) technology to create personalized positioning guides for total Knee replacement is recommended.

Practical Benefits Of Custom Fit Knee Replacement

MRI of the affected knee is done based on which we can make a customized jig for better fitting of the implant for the patients

No intra medullary instruments so minimal chances of fat embolism

Minimally Invasive (just a 4-5 inch incision)

Improves the speed of the operation theater time (40% reduced surgical time)

Increases implant inventory efficiency (know sizing)

Faster recovery of the patient

Perfect patient alignment thus better mobilization

What is the role of body exhaust 'space' suits in Bilateral TKR?

'Space' suits maintain a more sterile environment and offer more mobility to the surgeons.

Space suits are used to help reduce contamination from the operating teams from entering the wounds.

The impure air exhaled by the operating team is pushed down by the rotating fan in the helmet of space suits and absorbed by the laminar air flow in the 0.T.

In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!

Hi friends, I am Dr Ashwani Maichand and I am Orthopaedic surgeon based in Delhi. Today we will be talking about knee pain, knee pain is actually one of the commonest causes why people visit orthopaedic OPD’s we divide knee pain into three groups one athlete, second young females and third elderly patients. The causes are entirely different in our three groups and when to contact a doctor, how to prevent the problem and what are the causes will be discussing each of them. Let's take athlete first, we have now we see people are taking sports as a career now and the knee is one of the most important commonly injured joints causes can be cartilage tear what we call meniscal tear, it can be ligament tears, it can be tendon tear, it can be a muscle tear. So at the earliest, you should look for a knee surgeon, the knee is a very specialist branch these days, it's just not any Orthopaedic surgeon you should look for a knee surgeon. So, contact the person, the expert as soon as possible don't self-treat yourself because these problems can be treated very nicely at the early stage. If you delay there can be complications and it can affect your career that's a simple message. Second young ladies in their early thirties, late thirties they start having pain when their climbing stairs when they are squatting when they are getting up from chair and generally they ignore it. The reason is very very simple, the knee has only two things muscles and bones, one of them get a week with time or with lack of exercise, so we must get assist by an Orthopaedic surgeon by knee surgeon. What is the cause, in young ladies generally it is the beginning of osteoporosis that is lack of calcium in bones, one and second, the muscles on the medial side that is the inner side of the thigh they become weaker as compared to the muscle of the lateral side that is the outer aspect of the thigh, what happens it causes imbalance in your knee cap, the knee cap gets tilted on the outer side, it starts rubbing against your Femur bone the thigh bone it causes pain when you are climbing stairs, walking is perfectly fine but remember this is the beginning of the Arthritis which you will be suffering when you are 50 + and 60 +. If you stop this thing right now, there are high chances that you never suffer from Arthritis and you will never go for a knee replacement. So we should take opinion No.2, we should get our Vitamin D and Calcium check regularly and No.3, of course, regular exercises even if its a walk, jogging whatever yoga anything keep your body flexible, keep your muscles strong, keep your bones strong. Now we come to the elderly grow the osteoarthritis, that means the wear and tear of knee joints with age, so it's very common in 60 + and 70 + people. They come with Arthritis they have deformed joints and it affects not only their knees but their spine as well as their general well being. These days knee replacement is very successful surgery, very nicely done people hardly discharge on 3rd or 4th day they are walking the very next day these days knee replacement is done by MIS technique, whenever required avail it doesn't wait. Generally, we have pain in one knee and we wait for the other knee to get spoilt, we wait for the spine to have Arthritis then we go for knee replacement but by that time we have lost our 10-15 years of good productive life. So get treatment in time because this is something that is age-related if it happens, get it treated don't suffer. So that was the message, I am available for further opinions further the details on Lybrate.

Hi guys, I am Dr Ashwani Maichand and I am an orthopaedic surgeon based in Delhi.

Today, orthopaedic problems are very common over all age groups and patients are coming to us not only for trauma but for backache, neck pain, knee pain which are generally lifestyle problems. So today we will be talking about how to prevent them before you go to a doctor . Before you go for a surgery, can we identify these problems in advance and can we treat them ? Let's talk about that .

Backache - Generally patients come to us either with a low backache or with upper back. The upper back ache in our experience is more of a young age problem . People who are working on a computer laptop, the whole day they are sitting, they are working in offices. Generally, Orthopaedic surgeons and many general practitioners and sometimes we ourselves label them as cervical spondylosis and these patients by mistake are being treated as a patient of cervical spondylosis but they are not suffering from it. What they are suffering from is a muscle imbalance.

The muscles in our staple in our upper back, they are basically holding our upper limbs . But when we are sitting whole day long, the muscles on the anterior part of the body, the front of the body they become shorter and the muscles on the back become weak, so the whole weight of our arms and the shoulders comes on the neck and these patients present as neck pain and upper back pain instead of going for x-rays, MRI and extensive investigation. They should contact an orthopaedic surgeon where we label that these muscles are weak, these muscles are tight so we stress the tight muscle and strengthen the weak muscles . We correct their posture , we look at their workstation , their office , which type of chair they are using, at what height their system is placed , where their mouse is , where their keyboard is - all these are very basic things.

They come in Ergonomics. So it is all about changing your lifestyle, let's not adapt to the system that is given to us all. Working atmosphere rather we change the working environment according to our body so that these problems don’t bother and you don't have to visit the Orthopaedic surgeon , you don't have to take a leave so it is basically lifestyle problem.

Second, our younger generation is not active athletically. Sunlight exposure is very low and their meals are very irregular and its not a balanced diet so overall this lifestyle, It ultimately gives us pain discomfort and we rely on painkillers and we go to doctors and basically our whole system is disturbed because we are not careful about our body.

So that is the message - please take care of your body mentally as well as physically so that you never need a doctor, but unfortunately, if you are suffering from any of these conditions, you can contact us on Lybrate. We are available online and clinic as well. So now you know how to contact us.

Osteoporosis is a disease that affects the bones of a patient. This is most commonly found in women, especially in those women who are close to or going through menopause. Hormonal changes around this period in a woman's life usually lead to various changes in her body. One of these changes include loss of bone tissue which can leave the patient with brittle and weak bones, a condition that is also known as osteoporosis. This condition literally imbibes the word porous, meaning hollow bones. It is born from an acute deficiency of calcium and vitamin D. The DEXA Scan or bone density test, also known as the Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Scan, is one of the most effective tests that can help you in detecting this kind of damage or thinning bones. Here's why.

Fractures: The DEXA Scan is an important one because it sends low energy beam to areas like your joints and tissues to show how susceptible you are to fractures. It does so by measuring the strength of the tissues as well as the bones to see how brittle they may be.

Other Ailments: Measuring the thinning of your bones can also point to the presence of other ailments that may have gone unnoticed or undetected, earlier. These can include kidney disease, hyperparathyroidism which happens due to overactive secretions of the said gland, as well as liver disease due a malfunctioning liver, intestinal disease and various disorders in the intestinal tract, and a serious vitamin D deficiency. With this scan, you can get an insight into the other parts of the body affected by the bone density and whether or not they are functioning properly.

Estrogen: Simply checking the estrogen levels cannot ascertain whether or not you have osteoporosis, as a high estrogen level can be credited to a particularly heavy period cycle. It does not show the bone health the way a DEXA Scan does.

Easy and Standardised: This method of scanning usually happens with the help of a mounted X ray machine type, hand held gadget which can be extended to conduct the scan. This is an easy and standardised method that releases low levels of radiation which also makes it a healthier option.

Bone Density Scores: The T Scores and Z scores point towards the bone density and help in diagnosing the condition efficiently. With a systematic scoring system, it is a sure shot test for osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a serious condition. The first step in treating the same is to get a detailed scan like the DEXA scan done, so as to test the extent of the bone thinning to ensure that proper and timely treatment takes place. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem. In case you have a concern or query you can always consult an expert & get answers to your questions!

A broken bone is medically termed as a fracture.Fractures are linked with age as bones tend to become weak as one ages, so, the chances of a fracture occurring also increases. Fractures are usually classified into four types-
1. Closed fracture - In this type of fracture, the breaking of the bone does not result in an open wound
2. Open fracture- The opposite of closed fracture, the bone breaks through the skin. This may result in infections
3. Non-displaced fracture - in this type of fracture, the bone cracks but is not shifted out of its regular position.
4. Displaced fracture - A displaced fracture occurs when the affected bone is shifted out of its natural position.

Causes
Fractures can be caused by a number of factors, they are
1. Road accidents
2. When someone falls from a height
3. When the bone is directly exposed to a strong blow
4. When the bone is exposed to a repetitive force from activities such as sprinting
5. Osteoporosis, which is a condition where the bones become weak
6. The bones in the body tends to weaken with age, so at this time they become highly susceptible to fractures

2. Limited movement of the affected joint
3. Muscle spasms
4. The affected area may also become numb

Diagnosis
The first step to diagnose a fracture is the knowing about the medical history of the patient and conducting a physical exam. The diagnosis is further confirmed by using imaging tests such as -
1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - In this procedure, images of internal body parts are taken with the help of a magnetic field and pulses of radio energy. MRIs can pick up signs of fractures very quickly, that is within the first week of injury. It is also easier to distinguish fractures from other related injuries in case of MRI.
2. X-rays -X-rays are a procedure that involves sending x-ray particles through an area to detect a fracture. Signs of a fracture may take several weeks to show up in x-rays.
3. Bone scan - In bone scans, some radioactive material is put inside the body through intravenous methods. These material tend to accumulate in the fractured area which then shows up in the images as a bright spot. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult an Orthopedist.

Millions of children over the world have one thing in common that is they all like to run and play. Usually, this affinity for physical pursuits make them inclined towards sports and other such activities early on in life. But as parents, many of us are worried about how they will support their young bodies and still developing bones and joints as they run, hop, skip, jump and do many other things. Sports injuries are common for children with many cases of fractures and other injuries being reported on a daily basis globally.

So how can we keep our children safe from such injuries? Here is a safety guide:

Most Common Injuries: Before we get into the prevention mode, it is important to understand the most common injuries faced by children. From strain and sprains to muscle pulls and even fractures, children are susceptible to a host of problems on the sports field. Injuries borne due to repetitive motion, as well as growth plate injuries and heat related conditions are also quite common.

Organised Sports: The first step that can help in avoiding undue harm and injury to your child is to ensure that the child is enrolled in an organised sports program at school or any other sports academy, so that the energy and skill is being channelled and moulded properly, as there is expert supervision to ensure that the child does not indulge in certain motions and movements which may cause an injury. These sports trainers usually help by observing how the child is doing a certain task on the field and then guide him or her properly, so that it may be done in the correct way to avoid injuries.

Warm Ups and Cool Downs: For children as well as adults, many injuries happen when the individual has not warmed up or cooled down sufficiently. Cold muscles and joints are most susceptible to sudden falls, injuries and other conditions due to the impact of the sudden and intense movements. The same can be said for cooling down. So, it is important to sufficiently warm up and cool down so that the joints, muscles, ligaments and bones in general, get a chance to get back to normal or to gain momentum in a gradual manner, which is comfortable for the body. The warm ups must not be hurried and should be done without holding one's breath. Also, it is usually recommended that stretching exercises must follow the warm up session before the child begins to run and jump.

Hydration: Ensure that the child has plenty of water so that he or she may remain properly hydrated during the sporting or training event. If you wish to discuss about any specific problem, you can consult an Orthopedist.