..Because structural characteristics and intramyocellular distribution of lipid aggregates seem to be similar between groups, we conclude that elevated IMCL deposits are unlikely to be directly responsible for inducing insulin resistance...

Intramyocellular lipids form an important substrate source during moderate intensity exercise in endurance-trained males in a fasted state

..27). We conclude that protein digestion and absorption kinetics and the subsequent muscle protein synthetic response following the ingestion of a large bolus of intact CAS are not substantially impaired in healthy, elderly men...

Carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged cycling exercise spares muscle glycogen but does not affect intramyocellular lipid use

..We conclude that carbohydrate supplementation during prolonged cycling exercise does not modulate IMTG use but spares muscle glycogen use during the initial stages of exercise in endurance-trained men...

Ingestion of a protein hydrolysate is accompanied by an accelerated in vivo digestion and absorption rate when compared with its intact protein

..It has been suggested that a protein hydrolysate, as opposed to its intact protein, is more easily digested and absorbed from the gut, which results in greater plasma amino acid availability and a greater muscle protein synthetic response...

..The present study investigates the impact of leucine co-ingestion on subsequent post-prandial muscle protein accretion following the ingestion of a single bolus of dietary protein in elderly males...

..001). No changes were observed in the Type I muscle fibers. In older adults, skeletal muscle tissue is still capable of inducing SC proliferation and differentiation, resulting in Type II muscle fiber hypertrophy...

Co-ingestion of protein and leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis rates to the same extent in young and elderly lean men

..Considerable discrepancy exists in the literature on the proposed benefits of protein supplementation on the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to resistance-type exercise training in the elderly...

..We conclude that intramyocellular lipid and glycogen stores are readily used during resistance exercise and this is likely associated with the reported increase in whole-body insulin sensitivity following resistance exercise...

Substrate source use in older, trained males after decades of endurance training

..We assessed the effect of protein ingestion immediately before sleep on digestion and absorption kinetics and protein metabolism during overnight recovery from a single bout of resistance-type exercise...

..45 +/- 0.07, P < 0.01) and remained elevated during recovery (P < 0.05). We conclude that the availability of dietary protein further enhances phosphorylation of S6K1 during recovery from resistance type exercise...

..Ingestion of protein with carbohydrate during and immediately after exercise improves whole-body protein synthesis but does not further augment muscle protein synthesis rates during 9 h of subsequent overnight recovery...

The single biopsy approach is reliable for the measurement of muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in older men

..Hyperglycemia forms a direct and independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular comorbidities in type 2 diabetes. Consumption of sucrose-sweetened soft drinks might further increase the prevalence of hyperglycemic episodes...

A single session of resistance exercise enhances insulin sensitivity for at least 24 h in healthy men

..05). This study shows that even a single session of resistance exercise improves whole-body insulin sensitivity for up to 24 h in healthy men, which is consistent with earlier observations following endurance exercise tasks...

Coingestion of carbohydrate with protein does not further augment postexercise muscle protein synthesis

..This study demonstrates that dietary protein intake does not modulate the post-exercise increase in SC content but modifies myostatin expression in skeletal muscle tissue. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01220037. ..

Astaxanthin supplementation does not augment fat use or improve endurance performance

..Prolonged astaxanthin supplementation has been reported to increase fat oxidative capacity and improve running time to exhaustion in mice. These data suggest that astaxanthin may be applied as a potent ergogenic aid in humans...

..Here, we provide an overview on the properties of various nutritional interventions that may be useful to support the adaptive response to exercise training and competition and, as such, to augment exercise training efficiency...

Glycaemic instability is an underestimated problem in Type II diabetes

..Finally, in people with type 2 DM, after a high-fat meal, prolonged moderate exercise reduces the exaggerated increases in plasma concentrations of triglycerides contained in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins...

Characteristics of muscle fiber type are predictive of skeletal muscle mass and strength in elderly men

..Our data demonstrate that the single-biopsy approach, irrespective of whether the biopsy is obtained at 2 or 4 hours, can be used as a surrogate for the sequential-biopsy approach to determine basal muscle protein synthesis in a group...

..We conclude that resistance exercise effectively increases the phosphorylation of S6K1 on Thr421/Ser424, which is not associated with a substantial increase in S6 phosphorylation in a fasted state...

Carbohydrate mouth rinsing in the fed state: lack of enhancement of time-trial performance

..This article will provide an overview on the effects of diet, acute exercise and exercise training on the expression and/or translocation of the various LCFA transporters in skeletal muscle tissue (FAT/CD36, FABPpm, FATP)...

Thermoregulation during exercise in the heat: strategies for maintaining health and performance