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March 12, 1963
o. E. E. STROMBERG
3,080,949
SURGE BRAKE OPERATING MECHANISM FOR TRAILERS AND THE LIKE
Filed May 11, 1959
5 Sheets-Sheet i
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INVEN TOR.
BY
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iz‘z’omeas.
March 12, 1963
o. E. E. STROMBERG
3,030,949
SURGE BRAKE OPERATING MECHANISM FOR TRAILERS AND THE LIKE
Filed May 11, 1959
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INVEN TOR.
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March 12, 1963
o. E. E. STROMBERG
3,080,949
SURGE BRAKE OPERATING MECHANISM FOR TRAILERS AND THE LIKE
Filed May 11, 1959
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United States Patent 0 ice
3,080,949
Patented Mar. 12, 1963‘
1;a.
2
A piston 26 is carried on the inboard end of the piston
rod 19 and reciprocates in the actuating cylinder 23. A
packing assembly 27 closes the outboard end of the actu
3,080,949
SURGE BRAKE OPERATING MECHANISM FOR
TRAILERS AND THE LIKE
ating cylinder 23. Reservoir 24 is connected to the
actuating cylinder 23 through the valve sleeve 28 closed
by the wobble valve 29 which in the towing position is
010:‘; E. E. Stromberg, 5453 Northwest Highway,
-
Chicago, Ill.
-
Filed May 11, 1959, Ser. No. 812,157
4 Claims. (Cl. 188-112)
held open as indicated in FIGURE 6, and which when
the piston moves to the left in FIGURE 5 to apply the
My invention relates to improvements in surge ‘brake
brakes is closed by the spring 30. The actuating cylinder
operating mechanism for trailers and the like wherein 10 23 is connected through duct 31 to the usual type of hy
the inertia of the trailer will, upon application of the
draulic brake system on the trailer. The cushion cylinder
25 is connected ‘by passage 32 to the actuating cylinder 23
tractor brakes cause ‘brakes to be applied on the trailer.
Another object is to provide a mechanism wherein the
so that when pressure in 23 exceeds a predetermined
brake pressure will also be increased as a result of the
point, the cushion piston 33 may move to the right com
downward tilting of the front of the trailer as the brakes 15 pressing =the spring 34. The tension in the spring maybe
are applied.
adjusted by the screw 35.
.
Another object is to provide a surge brake assembly
which is simple, foolproof and easily installed and which
' face toward the piston rod an annular groove 36 extend
ing about its entire periphery. This annular groove 'is
may be installed on many types of tractor-trailer combi
nations.
-‘
Referring to FIGURE 6, the piston 26 has on its
20 connected to a plurality of radially disposed axial ?uid
.
passages 37 extending clear through the piston.
. Another object is to provide automatic means whereby
The
‘event that trailer and tractor become accidentally dis
groove 36 is closed by the washer check valve 38' seated
by the spring 39. When the piston rod 19 moves to the
connected.
left, carrying the piston 26 with it, oil in the left hand
brakes on the trailer are automatically applied in the ..
_
Other objects will appear from time to time throughout 25 end of the cylinder 23 ?ows freely through the ducts 37
‘the speci?cation and claims.
'unseating the valve 38 to ?ow into the right hand end of
The invention is illustrated more or less diagnammatical
the cylinder 23 but since the right hand end of the cylinder
. ‘ly in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
' contains the piston rod 19, its capacity is less than the
FIGURE 1 is a side elevation of tractor and trailer
capacity of the left hand end so pressure builds up in the
‘showing the surge brake actuator in place;
30 brake system up to a point at which the brakes having
FIGURE 2 is a plan view of FIGURE 1;
been applied, the pressure is limited by movement of the
FIGURE 3 is a side elevation on 1a larger scale of the
surge brake actuator;
'
‘
‘FIGURE 5 is a' longitudinal section on an enlarged
‘
‘ ‘ .
FIGURE 6 is a detail‘ section on an enlarged scale of
‘the piston shown in FIGURE 5 in towing position;
FIGURE 7 is a detail section on an enlarged scale
similar to FIGURE 6 showing the parts in the "brake
applying position;
I
'
FIGURE 8 is an enlarged view of a detail of my in~
vention.
‘
,
Like parts are indicated by like characters throughout
‘the speci?cation and drawings.
1
‘
'
with respect to guide ,member 13 in FIGURE 5, gen
erates a pressure in the master cylinder which repre
or wagon tongue 5 to which the actuator 6 is attached by
‘the mounting pad 7 as in FIGURE 3, or may, as in 50
FIGURES 1, 2 and 4 be supported at its rear end by eye
let 8 and pin 9 from the yoke 10 on channel 5 and at
its front end ‘by the link 11 pivoted ‘on the channel 5 at ‘
top and on the ball socket 12 at bottom. ‘The ball socket
55
12 in each case engages the rball 2.
The actuator includes a‘ draw bar guide sleeve 13, a
draw bar 14 slidable in, guided thereby and projecting
forwardly therefrom to terminate in the ball socket “'12.
The ?exible expansible bellows 15 anchored at one end
on the forward end of the sleeve 13 and at the other
end on the ?ange 50 on the forward end of the draw
bar 14 encloses the outboard end of the bar. The grease
>
piston 33 moves to the right in FIGURE 5.
'
As the tractor begins to pick up the load and tow the
trailer, the draw bar 14 moves to the right with respect
to guide member 13, forcing oil to ?ow backwardly
through the now seated valve disc 38 through the weep
hole 40, thus providing a shock absorber effect built into
the actuating cylinder.
'1
Under some circumstances, it is desiredto get a greater
line pressure than can be obtained by the mere inertia
of a tractor. The mechanism shown in FIGURES 4 and
of the forward end of the tractor to nose down when the
.
The in'board end of draw bar 14 is pocketed to con 65
tain'the head 18 of piston rod 19, held in place by the
?anged threaded sleeve 20 which in the towing position
sents the difference in capacity between-the left and right
hand ends of the actuating cylinder 23. The greater the
inertia of the trailer, the greater the pressure built up
in the brake system up to he point at which the cushion
8 make thisrpossible by taking advantage of the tendency
pocket 16 and grease ?tting 17 lubricate the draw bar
a
'
the right, the valve 38 instead of being unseat'ed as in
FIGURE 7, is seated as in FIGURE 6 and ?uid may
return to the left hand end of the cylinder 23 only at re‘
} duced speed through the weephole 40. Thus, providing
a shock absorber effect to control movement of the piston.
The piston is sealed by an O-ring 41.
When the tractor is towing the trailer, the parts are
in the position shown in FIGURES 5 and 6, and there
is no pressure on the trailer brakes. When brakes are
applied on the tractor and the tractor slows down, the
inertia of the trailer causes the trailer to override the
45 ‘tractor. At this time, the draw bar 14 moves to the left
The tractor 1 carries the coupling ball 2. The trailer
‘3 has the forwardly projecting Arframe 4 and channel
14.
33.
In the reverse operation, as the piston 26 moves to
FIGURE 4 is a view similar to FIGURE 3 showing
a modified mounting of the actuator;
scale of FIGURE 3;
piston
’
brakes are applied.
'
In the device of FIGURE 3, only a straight line appli
cation of the inertia of the trailer is available. In the
device of FIGURES l, 4 and 8, it will be noted with
‘special reference to FIGURE 8 that as the trailer tends
to override the tractor the kinetic force of the trailer
cylinder assembly 22 which includes the actuating cylin 70 causes the channel 5 to move forwardly rotating the
‘ der 23, thereservoir 24 and the cushion cylinder 25.
jlink 11 in clockwise direction from the position shown
abuts on the shoulder 21 in the guide sleeve 13.
The rear end of the sleeve 13 is closed by the master
3,080,949
3
in full lines to the position shown in dotted lines. As
the link approaches the forty-?ve degree position of the
dotted lines, the downward weight of the trailer as it
noses down provides by toggle action additional force
to move the draw bar 14 to the rear. Under these cir
cumstances, the line pressure built up in the actuating
cylinder is a result both of the direct straight line kinetic
energy of the trailer riding upon the tractor and also of
the increased downward nose pressure resulting from the
application'of the brakes on the trailer. No other con
nection is needed between the tractor and the trailer than
the ball 2 and the ball socket 12 for ordinary operation.
But‘when the tractor and trailer are disconnected either
intentionally or accidentally, something more is needed
and that takes the form of a tension spring 43 anchored
d
‘a drawbar and means for connecting it to a tractor,
said drawbar being e?ectively connected to a brake
actuating piston in a master cylinder,
said master cylinder having an outlet therefrom con
necta-ble to said trailer brake system,
means for connecting the master cylinder to a trailer,
a cushion cylinder having a cushion piston therein in
communication with the master cylinder between
the brake actuating piston and said outlet, said cush
ion cylinder being in continuous communication with
the master cylinder solely through port means lo
cated between said outlet and brake actuating piston
in all relative positions of the brake actuating piston
in the master cylinder, and biasing means urging the
cushion piston against the pressure in the master
cylinder,
on the master cylinder assembly 22' at one end and on
the brake lever 44 at the other end. The lever 44 is
said cushion piston being expandable against the bias
carried by a plate 45 bolted to the guide sleeve 13 and
is.provided ‘with a latch release lever 46. This latch
lever holds the spring under tension as shown in FIG 20
URES 3 and 4. If the latch lever 46 is released by rotat
ing it in clockwise direction, then the spring 4-3 will rotate
the brake lever 44 in clockwise direction, exerting a ten
sion on the linkage 47, the link on the plate 48 and the
spring 43 will then move the draw bar to the left to apply 25
the brakes. This may be done by hand or if tension is
applied to the rope 49 extending from the lever 46 to the
tractor because the tractor and trailer have actually be
come disconnected, this latch will be automatically re
leased to apply the brakes. The rope will be of such
strength that if disconnection occurs, it will break.
Once the brake has been applied on the trailer, either
by manual release of the latch 46 or by tension on the
cord 49 resulting from separation of tractor and trailer,
in the master cylinder to thereby limit the maximum
pressure in the master cylinder,
?uid connection means between the ends of the master
the brakes remain applied until the operator releases
them by manipulation of’ the lever 44.
The shock absorber cushion effect controls and re
tards movement of the piston. This gradual movement
of the piston results in a gradual release‘ of the brakes
and eliminates the reciprocatory vibration known as
“hunting” which does occur when the brakes are sud
denly released by sudden retrograde piston movement.
The ?ange 50 on the draw bar positively limits the
rearward movement of the draw bar 14 when the ?ange
engages the forward end of the sleeve guide 13. Thus
no matter what pressure is applied to move the draw bar
to the left in FIGURE 5, no further increase in line
ing means in response to a predetermined pressure
cylinder which enables ?uid to ?ow from one end
to the other end of the master cylinder when the
piston moves in a trailer brake applying direction,
the rate of increase of the volume behind the piston
being less than the. rate of decrease of volume ahead
of the piston for each increment of movement of
the piston in a trailer brake applying direction by
virtue of the extension of the drawbar into the vol
ume behind the piston,
said ?uid connection means enabling the pressure in
the master and cushion cylinders to be quickly in
creased as the piston moves in a brake applying di
rection, and
means for less quickly decreasing the pressure in the
master and cushion cylinders as the piston moves in
a brake releasing direction to thereby cushion the
movement of the piston.
2. The surge brake actuator of claim 1 further charac
terized in that the ?uid connection means comprises at
least one passage which enables ?uid to ?ow freely from
one end to the other end of the master cylinder when the
piston moves in a trailer brake applying direction, and
the means for less quickly decreasing the pressure in
the master and cushion cylinders is a ?uid ?ow re
strictor co-operable with the passage only when the
brake actuating piston moves in a brake releasing
direction.
3. The surge brake actuator of claim 2 further charac
terized in that the passage forming the ?uid connection
never touch the guidesleeve 13 but when reversing, this 50 means extends through the brake actuating piston, and
will occur and it is important that on reversing, the line
the. means for less quickly decreasing the pressure in
pressure he held below a predetermined limit.
the master and cushion cylinders is a ?ap valve mov
This, in combination with the pressure limitation of
table with and lightly spring biased into engagement
the cushion cylinder, makes it possible to operate the
with the brake actuating piston on the drawbar side
system without any other means for relieving the pressure 55
thereof so as to abut the brake piston when it moves
in. the brake system and makes it possible to dispense
in a brake releasing direction, and to be retracted
with the pressure relief valves which have hitherto been .
therefrom, and thereby to offer no resistance to ?uid
?ow therethrough, when the brake piston moves in
used.
Upon reversing, when the ?ange 50 has contacted'the
a brake applying direction,
end of the sleeve 13, the tractor may reverse the trailer 60
said ?ap valve having an opening therein which is
without further increase in line pressure no matter what
smaller than said passage, said opening being in ?uid
type of brake is used. Preferably with this system, how
communication with the passage in the brake piston.
ever, the so-called uno-servo brake is used, a typeof
4. A surge brake actuator especially adapted for use
brake wherein on forwardmovement, the shoes. seat with
with a uno~servo brake system, said actuator including,
maximum pressure as a result of the servo effect. On 65 in combination,
rearward movement, their braking effect is greatly re
a drawbar and means for connecting it to a tractor,
duced because they seat with lesser pressure, the servo
an actuating piston in a master cylinder,
effect being felt only on forward and not on rearward
said master cylinder having an outlet therefrom con
brake ?uid pressure can occur.
Under ordinary service conditions, the. ?ange 50 will
movement. Typical examples of this well known type
r of brake system are shown‘in' patents United States Nos. 70
2,152,017 and 2,562,280;
I claim:
nectable to a trailer brake system,
means for pivotally connecting the master cylinder
to a trailer,
a rigid extension from the trailer,
1. Axsurge brake actuator especially‘ adapted for use
a generally perpendicularly positioned link pivotally
with a uno-servo brake system on a trailer, said actuator
including, in combination,
-
connected at its upper end to the rigid extension
and at its lower end to the drawbar to thereby enable
8,080,949
6
the trailer to override the tractor an amount equal
' References Cited in the ?le of this patent
to the horizontal component of the swing of the
UNITED STATES PATENTS
link,
a cushion cylinder having a cushion piston therein in
communication with the master cylinder between
the brake actuating piston and said outlet, said cush
ion cylinder being in continuous communication
with the master cylinder solely through port means
located between said outlet and brake actuating pis
ton in ‘all relative positions of the brake actuating 10
piston in the master cylinder, and biasing means urg
ing the cushion piston against the pressure in the
master cylinder,
'
?uid connection means between the ends of the master
cylinder which enables ?uid to ?ow from one end 15
to the other end of the master cylinder when the
piston moves in a trailer brake applying direction,
the rate of increase of the volume behind the piston
being less than the rate of decrease of volume ahead
of the piston for each increment of movement of 20
the piston in a trailer brake applying direction by
virtue of the extension of the drawbar into the vol
ume behind the piston,
said ?uid connection means enabling the pressure in
the master and cushion cylinders to be quickly in 25
creased as the piston moves in a brake applying di
rection, and means for less quickly decreasing the
pressure in the master and cushion cylinders as the
piston moves in a brake releasing direction to there
by cushion the movement of the piston.
1,774,022
2,003,010
2,179,241
2,275,700
2,371,705
2,391,603
2,407,156
2,571,323
2,633,942
Leuzinger ____________ __ Aug. 26,
Nixon _______________ __ May 28,
Groves ______________ __ Nov. 7,
Swift _______________ .._. Mar. 10,
1930
1935
1939
1942
O’Connor ____________ __ Mar. 20,
Wagner _____________ __ Dec. 25,
Horne _______________ .._ Sept. v3,
Yoder _______________ __ Oct. 16,
Barnes _______________ __ Apr. 7,
1945
1945
1946
195.1
1953
2,637,977
Seppman ____________ __ May 12, 1953
2,642,961
2,662,616
Teal ________________ __ June 23, v1953
DeLateur ____________ __ Dec. 15, 1953
2,666,294
Porter _______________ .._‘ Jan. 19, 1954
2,716,471
2,741,896
2,746,574
Long _______________ .._ Aug. 30, 1955
Geiger ______________ __ Apr. 17, 1956
Smith et a1. __________ __ May 22, 1956
2,747,695
2,834,437
2,880,584
2,960,194
Carbon ______________ __ May 29,
Davids ______________ __ May 13,
French ______________ -._ Apr. 7,
Stromberg ___________ __ Nov. 15,
101,159
1,168,186
758,389
Australia ____________ __ June 10, 1937
France ______________ __ Aug. 25, 1958
Great Britain __________ _- Oct. 3, 1956
1956
1958
1959
1960
FOREIGN PATENTS