“”I feel I've done very well out of not getting a Nobel prize. If you get a Nobel prize you have this fantastic week and then nobody gives you anything else. If you don't get a Nobel prize you get everything that moves. Almost every year there's been some sort of party because I've got another award. That's much more fun.

—Jocelyn Bell Burnell, who discovered pulsars but whose supervisor won the Nobel[1]

The prize was founded by the inventor of dynamite, Alfred Nobel.[2] After reading an obituary of himself, prematurely published by a French newspaper in 1884 and terming him a "merchant of death," he had a mild attack of conscience and sought to make amends. No, not by giving up the dynamite business, but instead using his wealth earned from manufacturing dynamite to endow the creation of the prizes upon his death in 1896.[3]

There are prizes for the main sciences, medicine, economics, and the controversial Peace Prize.

Notably, no young earth creationist "scientist" has ever managed to get any of these. However, hated liberals Al Gore (the only person ever to win an Oscar, a Presidential election and a Nobel Peace Prize) and Jimmy Carter have. Although, since Henry Kissinger, Aung San Suu Kyi, Mother Teresa, and Yasser Arafat also got them, the Nobel Peace Prize can be viewed as something of an insult, no matter who you are. In 2009, United States President Barack Obama was randomly selected from among just under seven billion people to receive the Nobel Peace Prize, which was being awarded that year to anyone who was notGeorge W. Bush.

Nobel Peace Prize — Awarded by a committee elected by the Norwegian Parliament.[4] The last point is often missed.

Nobel Prize in EconomicsSwedish National Bank's Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel — There is no Nobel Prize in economics. Alfred Nobel never willed one. That prize is given by Sveriges Riksbank (the central bank of Sweden) which uses his name to justify economic policies that are beneficial to them. This gives the erroneous impression that science supports such policies. It only became a thing in 1968, on the 300th Anniversary the bank and surprise surprise, some of its early recipients were Hayek and Friedman.

Presumably the Norwegians got saddled with the task because, at the time Nobel came up with the peace prize, Norway was not a sovereign state and the Norwegian parliament was less likely to be entangled in foreign policy affairs that could influence the vote than the Swedish would have been. This is of course not the case anymore today and cries about "political" votes are almost as common as Nobel prizes themselves.
Since 2012,[5] each prize is worth +7,500,000 Swedish kronor (1,100,000 USD).

A black and white photo of a bearded man in his fifties sitting in a chair.

The Nobel Prizes in the natural sciences, particularly who are and who are not awarded one, sometimes generate controversy. The science prize panels are accused of sexism because Jocelyn Bell and Rosalind Franklin didn't receive a prize (although accusers won't mention Dorothy Hodgkin), and the fact that Charles Darwin never received the award is often used by creationists to question the validity of evolution by natural selection.

Even though the Prize is often awarded many years after the event or the original research was done, it cannot be awarded posthumously. Thus, both Franklin and Darwin didn't receive a Nobel Prize on account of being a corpse at the time, rather than a woman or wrong, respectively. In the case of Jocelyn Bell, who certainly was alive at the time, she had made observations of pulsars (and was credited as a second author of the relevant paper) but it was her academic supervisors who had put in the great amount of work in developing the aperture-synthesis technique. Prizes in the natural sciences are often given to individuals with the broadest scope of contributions, rather than just initial discoveries, so while Bell's lack of a prize was controversial and widely criticized by the astronomy community, it wasn't due to the assumptions at play among those who simply want toattack science.

The secretive nature of the nomination process[8] has also opened up for willing cranks[9] to fraudulently claim that they've been nominated, when clearly, they have not been.

Nevertheless, some deserving nominees never received the Prize, such as Mahatma Gandhi and Jorge Luis Borges. However, note that, in Gandhi's case, the Nobel Committee's decision to not award a prize in 1948, as "there was no suitable living candidate," was, in effect, an award for Gandhi, as the prize is generally not given posthumously.[10]