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Wilpon was raised in a Jewish family[2] in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn.[3] His father, Nathan Wilpon, managed a funeral home.[4] Wilpon attended Lafayette High School in Brooklyn.[4] Wilpon was a big fan of baseball and pitched his freshman year in college until he was injured. In 1958, he graduated with a B.A. from the University of Michigan.[3][5] After college, he sold calculators for a time while his wife worked as a secretary for Branch Rickey, the former president of the Brooklyn Dodgers, whom he knew from the neighborhood.[6]

In 1972, he cofounded Sterling Equities, a commercial real estate development company, with his brother-in-law Saul Katz.[7] They built a development of townhouses in Tarrytown, a suburb in Westchester County which was very successful.[6] Seeking to minimize their tax obligations, they purchased real estate throughout the country that had favorable tax treatment[6] which turned out to be a boon since they were unknowingly buying property at the bottom of the market.[6]

In 1980, Wilpon bought a one-percent stake in the Mets when Charles Shipman Payson sold the team, with publishing company Doubleday & Co. holding the remaining interest. In 1986, Doubleday president Nelson Doubleday, Jr. sold Doubleday & Co., the owner of his interest in the Mets, to Bertelsmann AG.[2] Wilpon had a right of first refusal in the event of a sale and threatened to exercise it.[2] In the resulting settlement, Doubleday and Wilpon agreed to purchase the Mets for $81 million becoming equal partners in the team.[2] In 2002, the Wilpon Family purchased the remaining 50% of the Mets from Doubleday for $391 million. Wilpon served as president of the team between 1980 and 2002, as Chief Executive Officer since 1980 and as Chairman of the Board since 2003. Wilpon currently serves as Chairman of Sterling Equities.

Wilpon was one of the investors who invested a significant amount of money with Bernard Madoff which was lost when the Ponzi scheme collapsed in December 2008.[8] It was reported that Wilpon had "lost" about $700 million because of Madoff, which has led to speculation that he may be forced to sell the team.[9] Since then Wilpon has said that his losses were "substantially less" than that figure.[10] Reports later surfaced that Wilpon and his family actually made about $300 million with Madoff and had not lost money as previously reported.[11] As a result, in December 2010, Wilpon was named in a lawsuit filed by Irving Picard on behalf of the victims of Madoff's investment scandal and on January 28, 2011 Wilpon issued a statement seeking "one or more strategic partners" interested in buying 20 to 25% interest in the Mets to offset pending losses due to litigation (which may total up to $1 billion).[12] Wilpon and his partner and brother-in-law Saul Katz were involved in another Ponzi scheme which was orchestrated by Samuel Israel III and they were forced to pay $13 million to investors when Israel's hedge fund collapsed.[13] It was revealed that Wilpon utilized Madoff in running the Mets' finances. It became a common practice to negotiate deferred money into players' contracts and then put that money with Madoff to invest because they were able to make money for themselves before paying players.[14] The lawsuit also contends that Madoff funds were used to cover team expenses such as payroll and its minor league club in Brooklyn,[15] as well as financing the creation of the cable network SportsNet New York and Citi Field.[16] In an interview while in prison, Madoff claimed that Wilpon "knew nothing" about his Ponzi scheme.[17] After it was reported that Major League Baseball loaned the Mets $25 million in November 2010 to shore up their finances, Wilpon is now willing to sell up to a 49% ownership stake of the team[18] at a cost of $200 million.[19] On May 26, 2011, it was reported that Wilpon has agreed to sell a minority share of the Mets to David Einhorn, president of the hedge fund Greenlight Capital,[20] but ended negotiations on September 1.[21] After the Mets received a $40 million loan from Bank of America in November 2011, Major League Baseball is monitoring the situation closely and is prepared to take control of the team from Wilpon if he defaults on the loan.[22] The trustee to the Madoff trust, Irving H. Picard, had declared that the Wilpons had enriched themselves over many years of profitable investing with Mr. Madoff while ignoring repeated warnings that he might have been a fraud. On March 19, 2012, Wilpon agreed to settle Picard's lawsuit for $162 million.[23]

The Judy and Fred Wilpon Family Foundation donated $5 million to the University of Michigan's College of Literature, Science, and the Arts to establish the Irene and Morris B. Kessler Presidential Scholarship Fund named in honor of his wife's parents, Romanian immigrant and dentist, Morris Kessler, and Irene Nass.[24] The Wilpons have also donated $5 million to create the University of Michigan Bone & Joint Injury Prevention & Rehabilitation Center, and $4 million for the Wilpon Baseball and Softball Complex.[24]