Studying One Million U.S. Radiation Workers and Veterans Why, Who and How

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1 Studying One Million U.S. Radiation Workers and Veterans - Why, Who, and How May 9, 2014 Rockville, Maryland BWCHPS Studying One Million U.S. Radiation Workers and Veterans Why, Who and How John D. Boice, Jr. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements

2 Studying One Million U.S. Radiation Workers and Veterans Why, Who and How What is the level of risk when exposure received gradually over time and not briefly?

3 The Major Issue in Radiation Epidemiology and Radiation Protection is Effect of Chronic Exposure Relevant to : Medicine After Accident or Terrorism Occupation Environment

4 Why Study One Million U.S. Radiation Workers and Veteran? Chronic exposures are relevant today Healthy U.S. workers more similar to today s populations than Japanese 1945 atomic bomb survivors Relevant to regulated worker populations to compensation programs to organ specific risk estimates Goal to integrate with new biology

12 Career Doses Sources of Additional Radiation Exposure Department of Energy 2,058 NRC REIRS 1,039 Landauer Dosimetry Co. 1,792 Military 26.5% of total occupational dose was received at other facilities both prior to and after employment at Rocketdyne.

13 Rocketdyne Updated Mortality Analysis Larger combined studies of early workers in the United States using similar methodologies are warranted to refine and clarify radiation risks after protracted exposures.

14 Studying One Million U.S. Radiation Workers and Veterans Why, Who and How Follow the Model for Other DOE Sites

15 Mound, Dayton, Ohio Polonium 210 (7,300 Workers) Alexander V. Litvinenko in his hospital bed in London on Nov. 20, 2006 George Koval December 25, 1913 to January 31, 2006

25 The Mayak PA workers usually had one or more bioassay measurements during the course of their employment (Fig. 2). However, many of the workers included in the cohort had no bioassay examinations, particularly in the early years of plant operations, because an internal dosimetry monitoring system did not exist. Khokhryakov et al 2013

26 Studying One Million U.S. Radiation Workers and Veterans Why, Who and How Start Combining Studies for Statistical Precision and Power

28 Nuclear Power Plant Workers U.S. Early Nuclear Utility Workers 330,000 Hired Before 1985 Large numbers Good dosimetry Range of doses At the time allowable doses could be up to 3 rem per quarter considering 5 x (Age 18) rem Some cumulative doses were as high as 100 rem Hall EJ et al. DOE Workshop. Rad Res 2009

41 The Healthy Warrior Effect Over Time SMRs Approach Population Expectation SMR SMR = 1.0, same as general population All Causes SMR Overall IshemicHeartDisease Heart SMR Calendar Year 2010

42 The Healthy Warrior Effect Over Time Not so for Cancers 1.10 SMR SMR SMR = SMR 1.0, same = 1.0, as same general as general population population Leukemia SMR 1.01 Lung 1.06 All Causes Cancer SMR Heart 0.70 Overall IshemicHeartDisease Calendar Year 2010 Cancer other than Lung SMR 1.00 Leukemia other than CLL SMR 1.01

43 Rations During WWII included Cigarettes During the Second World War the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps issued K-rations to paratroops, tank units, rangers, air forces, or wherever space was a factor. Each of the three daily K-ration meals contained a small packet of four cigarettes. Camel, Chesterfield, and Lucky Strike were popular brands with the troops, but all of the major and several of the minor cigarette manufacturers had contracts with the government. Cigarettes

47 2012 visit to the USS Laffey (DD-724) in Charleston, SC. The USS Laffey participated in 1946 Operation Crossroads, is known as the The ship that would not die and is the last example of a Sumner Class destroyer (58 ships launched between ) in the United States.

51 Summary 1,000,000 U.S. Radiation Workers being studied. National Effort 10 time larger than the study of atomic bomb survivors Has more high-dose subjects (30,000 >100 msv to date) Has many more deaths (~400,000 to date) Can evaluated risks to individual organs The study has substantial statistical ability to evaluate risks following gradual exposures Stay tuned!

52 Another Vision US Registry of Radiation Workers NRC REIRS (1950s+) DOE REMS (1940s+) DOE Historical (1940s+) Landauer Electronic (1977+) 5.7 million records from 1.2 million persons 3.5 million records from 0.64 million persons 0.7 million records from 0.52 million persons 29 million records from 5.68 million persons Landauer Microfilm ( ) 5.4 million records from 1 million person Other Dosimetry TOTAL To be determined 44.3 million dose records for 9.0 million persons As of June 2013

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