The winner was 12-year-old Marian Richardson, who attended a one-room schoolhouse in Floyd County, Indiana, correctly spelling the word sanitarium. Jean Pierce of Kenmore, New York placed second after failing to correctly spell pronunciation.[3][4]

Winner Marian Richardson, later Byrnes, became an environmental activist in Chicago, and died in 2010.[5]

1.
National Museum of Natural History
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The National Museum of Natural History is a natural history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D. C. Opened in 1910, the museum on the National Mall was one of the first Smithsonian buildings constructed exclusively to hold the national collections and research facilities. The main building has an area of 1,500,000 square feet with 325,000 square feet of exhibition and public space. The museums collections contain over 126 million specimens of plants, animals, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, human remains, the United States National Museum was founded in 1846 as part of the Smithsonian Institution. The museum was housed in the Smithsonian Institution Building, which is better known today as the Smithsonian Castle. A formal exhibit hall opened in 1858, the growing collection led to the construction of a new building, the National Museum Building. Covering a then-enormous 2.25 acres, it was built in just 15 months at a cost of $310,000, congress authorized construction of a new building on June 28,1902. The regents began considering sites for the new building in March, the D. C. architectural firm of Hornblower & Marshall was chosen to design the structure. Testing of the soil for the foundations was set for July 1903, the Natural History Building opened its doors to the public on March 17,1910, in order to provide the Smithsonian Institution with more space for collections and research. The building was not fully completed until June 1911, the structure cost $3.5 million dollars. The Neoclassical style building was the first structure constructed on the side of the National Mall as part of the 1901 McMillan Commission plan. In addition to the Smithsonians natural history collection, it housed the American history, art. Between 1981 and 2003, the National Museum of Natural History had 11 permanent, there were six directors alone between 1990 and 2002. Turnover was high as the directors were disenchanted by low levels of funding. Robert W. Fri was named the director in 1996. One of the largest donations in Smithsonian history was made during Fris tenure, kenneth E. Behring donated $20 million in 1997 to modernize the museum. Fri resigned in 2001 after disagreeing with Smithsonian leadership over the reorganization of the scientific research programs. J. Dennis OConnor, Provost of the Smithsonian Institution was named acting director of the museum on July 25,2001, eight months later, OConner resigned to become the vice president of research and dean of the graduate school at the University of Maryland

2.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing

3.
Floyd County, Indiana
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Floyd County is a county located in the U. S. state of Indiana. As of 2012, the population was 75,283, the county seat is New Albany. Floyd County is the county with the second-smallest land area in the entire state and it was formed in the year 1819 from neighboring Clark, and Harrison counties. Floyd County is part of the Louisville/Jefferson County, KY–IN Metropolitan Statistical Area, Floyd County, originally the Shawnee Indians hunting ground, was conquered for the United States by George Rogers Clark during the American Revolutionary War from the British. He was awarded large tracts of land in Indiana, including almost all of present-day Floyd County, Clark sold land to the settlers who began arriving as soon as peace returned. In 1818, New Albany was a enough to become a county seat. New Albany leaders sent Nathaniel Scribner and John K, graham to the capital at Corydon to petition the General Assembly. Legislation was passed on January 2,1819 by the General Assembly, the origin of the countys name is debated. According to the State Library, it was named for John Floyd, John Floyd was killed in 1783 when his party was attacked by Indians in Bullitt County, Kentucky. However, some maintain the county was named for Davis Floyd. Davis Floyd had also been a local political figure and was the countys first circuit court judge. In 1814, New Albany was platted and was established as the county seat on March 4,1819, there was an attempt in 1823 to move the county seat, but the motion failed. New Albany would be the largest city in the state for much of the early 19th century, between 1800 and 1860, Floyd County experienced a huge boom in population. A survey in the 1850s found that half of Indianas population that made more than $100,000 per year lived in Floyd County. The Duncan Tunnel, the longest tunnel in Indiana, was built in Floyd County in 1881 between New Albany and Edwardsville, because no route over the Floyds Knobs was suitable for a railroad line, civil engineers decided to tunnel through them. The project was started by the Air Line but was completed by Southern Railway. It took five years to bore at a cost of $1 million, the Tunnel is 4,311 feet long. Floyd County, during the 19th century, attracted immigrants of Irish, German, French, the French settlers located mostly in Floyds Knobs, Indiana

4.
Louisville, Kentucky
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Louisville is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 30th-most populous city in the United States. It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class, the other being the states second-largest city of Lexington, Louisville is the historical seat and, since 2003, the nominal seat of Jefferson County. Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark and is named after King Louis XVI of France, making Louisville one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachian Mountains. Sited beside the Falls of the Ohio, the major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico, the settlement first grew as a portage site. It was the city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Its main airport is also the site of United Parcel Services worldwide air hub, since 2003, Louisvilles borders have been the same as those of Jefferson County because of a city-county merger. The official name of this consolidated city-county government is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government, the citys total consolidated population as of the 2014 census estimate was 760,026. However, the total of 612,780 excludes other incorporated places and semiautonomous towns within the county and is the population listed in most sources. As of 2014, the MSA had a population of 1,269,702, the history of Louisville spans hundreds of years, and has been influenced by the areas geography and location. The rapids at the Falls of the Ohio created a barrier to river travel, the first European settlement in the vicinity of modern-day Louisville was on Corn Island in 1778 by Col. George Rogers Clark, credited as the founder of Louisville. Several landmarks in the community are named after him, two years later, in 1780, the Virginia General Assembly approved the town charter of Louisville. The city was named in honor of King Louis XVI of France, early residents lived in forts to protect themselves from Indian raids, but moved out by the late 1780s. In 1803, explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark organized their expedition across America in the town of Clarksville, Indiana at the present-day Falls of the Ohio opposite Louisville, Kentucky. The citys early growth was influenced by the fact river boats had to be unloaded and moved downriver before reaching the falls. By 1828, the population had swelled to 7,000, the city grew rapidly in its formative years. Louisville was a shipping port and slaves worked in a variety of associated trades. The city was often a point of escape for slaves to the north, during the Civil War, Louisville was a major stronghold of Union forces, which kept Kentucky firmly in the Union. It was the center of planning, supplies, recruiting, and transportation for numerous campaigns, by the end of the war, Louisville had not been attacked, although skirmishes and battles, including the battles of Perryville and Corydon, took place nearby

5.
E. W. Scripps Company
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The E. W. Scripps Company is an American broadcasting company founded in 1878 as a chain of daily newspapers by Edward Willis Scripps. It was also formerly a media conglomerate, the company is headquartered inside the Scripps Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. Its corporate motto is Give light and the people find their own way. The E. W. Scripps Company was incorporated on December 1,1987, but it traces its history to November 2,1878, when Edward Willis Scripps published the first issue of the Cleveland Penny Press. In 1894, E. W. Scripps and his half-brother, George H. Scripps, in July 1895, it was named the Scripps-McRae League with the addition of Cincinnati Post general manager Milton A. McRae as a partner. On November 29,1921, it was renamed Scripps-Howard Newspapers, on November 23,1922, the company was placed in trust for E. W. Scripps children and grandchildren. In 1990, the company completed a new downtown Cincinnati headquarters, on October 16,2007, the company announced that it would separate into two publicly traded companies, The E. W. Scripps Company and Scripps Networks Interactive. The transaction was completed on July 1,2008, on October 3,2011, The E. W. Scripps Company announced it was purchasing the television arm of McGraw-Hill for $212 million. This purchase nearly doubles the number of Scripps stations to 19 with a reach of 13% of U. S. households. Upon the 2012 death of E. W. Scripps grandson, Robert Scripps, the E. W. Scripps Company and Journal Communications announced on July 30,2014, that the two companies would merge and spin-off their newspaper assets. The FCC approved the deal on December 12,2014, the merger and spinoff were completed on April 1,2015. Journal Media Group merged with the all-newspaper Gannett Company on April 8,2016, Gannett had also shed their television and broadcast operations into a spin-off, Tegna, months after the Scripps-Journal merger. The purchase price was to be between $605 and $775 million, depending on a federal ruling, United Feature Syndicate syndicated many notable comic strips including Peanuts, Garfield, Lil Abner, Dilbert, Nancy and Marmaduke. The distribution rights to properties syndicated by United Media was outsourced to Universal Uclick in February 2011, while United Media effectively ceased to exist, Scripps still maintains copyrights and intellectual property rights. Scripps also operated United Press International until selling it off in 1982 and it also previously owned the Scripps Howard News Service, which shut down in 2013. E. W. Scripps also previously owned the Shop at Home Network from 2000 until 2006, Shop at Home in turn owned five television stations, all as a division of its cable network division. In October 1995, Comcast announced the purchase of E. W. Scripps cable provider operation, attempts to use Shop at Home as a complementary service to Food Network and HGTV by selling products connected to personalities of those networks were middling compared to competitors QVC and HSN. On May 22,2006, Scripps announced that it was to cease operations of the network, jewelry Television eventually acquired Shop at Home, but Scripps still intended to sell its affiliated stations

6.
Kenmore, New York
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Kenmore is a village in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 15,423 at the 2010 census and it is part of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area. Kenmore is in the part of the town of Tonawanda. It is bordered to the south by the city of Buffalo, the village is in the northwest part of Erie County. The village has received accolades, In 2009, the American Planning Association named Kenmore One of the Top 10 Great Neighborhoods in the United States, the village is also one of the countrys 100 most densely populated incorporated places. And in 2011, Buffalo Business First named Kenmore the highest-rated community in Western New York, Kenmore holds 1, 328th place among 3,764 municipalities throughout the United States. The Village of Kenmore was incorporated in 1899 from part of the town of Tonawanda and it is known as Buffalos First Suburb. Louis Eberhardt, known as the Father of Kenmore, opposed naming the village Eberhardt after himself and he was responsible for buying farmland and subdividing the property into a suburban development. The building which is portrayed on the logo is the Eberhardt Mansion, located at the corner of Delaware Avenue. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, the Kenmore Village Hall was listed in 2013 as the Tonawanda Municipal Building. Kenmore is located at 42°57′54″N 78°52′18″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.4 square miles, all of it land. Town of Tonawanda - west, north, east Buffalo - south New York State Route 265, New York State Route 384, north-south roadway through the village from Tonawanda south into Buffalo. Elmwood Avenue, important north-south roadway through the village Kenmore Avenue, as of the census of 2000, there were 16,426 people,7,071 households, and 4,235 families residing in the village. The population density was 11,437.2 people per square mile, there were 7,459 housing units at an average density of 5,193.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 96. 85% White,0. 99% African American,0. 35% Native American,0. 58% Asian,0. 04% Pacific Islander,0. 35% from other races, and 0. 83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 30% of the population,34. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the family size was 3.04. In the village, the population was out with 23. 3% under the age of 18,7. 4% from 18 to 24,30. 5% from 25 to 44,22. 5% from 45 to 64

7.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage

8.
Chicago Tribune
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The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by tronc, Inc. formerly Tribune Publishing. The Tribune was founded by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler, forrest, publishing its first edition on June 10,1847. The paper saw numerous changes in ownership and editorship over the eight years. Initially, the Tribune was not politically affiliated but tended to either the Whig or Free Soil parties against the Democrats in elections. By late 1853, it was frequently running xenophobic editorials that criticized foreigners, about this time it also became a strong proponent of temperance. Ray became editor-in-chief, Medill became the editor, and Alfred Cowles, Sr. brother of Edwin Cowles. Each purchased one third of the Tribune, under their leadership the Tribune distanced itself from the Know Nothings and became the main Chicago organ of the Republican Party. However, the continued to print anti-Catholic and anti-Irish editorials. Between 1858 and 1860, the paper was known as the Chicago Press & Tribune, on October 25,1860, it became the Chicago Daily Tribune. Before and during the American Civil War, the new editors pushed an abolitionist agenda and strongly supported Abraham Lincoln, the paper remained a force in Republican politics for years afterwards. In 1861, the Tribune published new lyrics for the song John Browns Body by William W. Patton, Medill served as mayor of Chicago for one term after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. Under the 20th-century editorship of Colonel Robert R. Joseph McCarthy, when McCormick assumed the position of co-editor in 1910, the Tribune was the third-best-selling paper among Chicagos eight dailies, with a circulation of only 188,000. At the same time, the Tribune competed with the Hearst paper, by 1914, the cousins succeeded in forcing out Managing Editor William Keeley. By 1918, the Examiner was forced to merge with the Chicago Herald, in 1919, Patterson left the Tribune and moved to New York to launch his own newspaper, the New York Daily News. In a renewed war with Hearsts Herald-Examiner, McCormick and Hearst ran rival lotteries in 1922. The Tribune won the battle, adding 250,000 readers to its ranks, also in 1922, the Chicago Tribune hosted an international design competition for its new headquarters, the Tribune Tower. The competition worked brilliantly as a publicity stunt, and more than 260 entries were received, the winner was a neo-Gothic design by New York architects John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood. The newspaper sponsored an attempt at Arctic aviation in 1929

9.
Scripps National Spelling Bee
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The Scripps National Spelling Bee is an annual spelling bee held in the United States. The bee is run on a basis by The E. W. Scripps Company and is held at a hotel or convention center in Washington. Since 2011, it has held at the Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center hotel in National Harbor in Oxon Hill, Maryland. It was previously held at the Grand Hyatt Washington in Washington D. C. from 1996 to 2010, historically, the competition has been open to, and remains open to, the winners of sponsored regional spelling bees in the U. S. Participants from countries other than the U. S. must be regional spelling-bee winners as well. Contest participants cannot be older than fourteen as of August 31 of the year before the competition, previous winners are also ineligible to compete. The National Spelling Bee was formed in 1925 as a consolidation of numerous local spelling bees, frank Neuhauser won the first National Spelling Bee held that year, by successfully spelling gladiolus. The spelling bee has been every year except for 1943–1945 due to World War II. Later, the E. W. Scripps Company acquired the rights to the program, the bee is held in late May and/or early June of each year. It is open to students who have not yet completed the eighth grade, reached their 15th birthday and its goal is educational, not only to encourage children to perfect the art of spelling, but also to help enlarge their vocabularies and widen their knowledge of the English language. An insect bee is featured prominently on the logo of the Scripps National Spelling Bee, Bee refers to a gathering, where people join together in an activity. This sense of bee is related to the word been, sponsorship is available on a limited basis to daily and weekly newspapers serving English-speaking populations around the world. Each sponsor organizes a spelling bee program in its community with the cooperation of school officials, public, private, parochial, charter, virtual. Schools enroll with the office to ensure their students are eligible to participate and to receive the materials needed to conduct classroom. During enrollment, school bee coordinators receive their local sponsors program-specific information—local dates, deadlines, the official study booklet is available free online. The champion of each sponsors final spelling bee advances to the Scripps National Spelling Bee competition in Washington, to qualify for the Scripps National Spelling Bee, a speller must win a regional competition. Regional spelling bees usually cover many counties, with covering a entire state, U. S. territory. Most school and regional bees use the official study booklet, the booklet is published by Merriam-Webster in association with the National Spelling Bee

10.
32nd Scripps National Spelling Bee
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The 32nd Scripps National Spelling Bee was held at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, District of Columbia on June 11-12,1959, organized by the E. W. Scripps Company. There were 70 entrants, with 59 eliminated on the first day, five of the eleven finalists had competed the prior year. The winner was Joel Montgomery of Denver, a seventh-grader at Byers Junior High and he was the first boy to win since 1954. Second place went to Robert Crossley of Center Square, Pennsylvania, who had finished 14th the prior year, allan Lee Kramer of Lake Worth, Florida placed third. Montgomery appeared on the Ed Sullivan Show on June 14,1959

11.
33rd Scripps National Spelling Bee
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The 33rd Scripps National Spelling Bee was held at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, District of Columbia on June 8-9,1960, by the E. W. Scripps Company. The winner was Henry Feldman of Oak Ridge, Tennessee and sponsored by the Knoxville News Sentinel and it was Feldmans third time in the competition, he had placed 20th the prior year. Second place went to Betty Jean Altschul of Norfolk, Virginia, Altschul was also the shortest competitor, at 4 foot 6 inches, and stood on a dictionary in the final round to use the microphone. The competition had 73 entrants,48 girls and 25 boys, twenty-four advanced past the first day of spelling into the finals. Benson Alleman, an English professor from Kentucky, was the pronouncer, for the 13th and final time, as he died before the next years competition

12.
39th Scripps National Spelling Bee
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The 39th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D. C. in June 1966, sponsored by the E. W. Scripps Company. Wake of Houston, Texas won by spelling ratoon, a word which he had never heard of. Second place went to Beth Sherrill,14, of Lucy, Tennessee, who incorrectly spelled sachem, followed in third place by Sonya Gilliam,13, of Lubbock, Texas, there were 71 contestants this year. The top three prizes were $1000, $500, and $250. In the fourth round, Rosalie Elliot,11, of Central, when the judges eventually asked her, she admitted she had spelled it wrong, getting a standing ovation for her honesty. This has become an often repeated anecdote

13.
40th Scripps National Spelling Bee
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The 40th Scripps National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D. C. at the Mayflower Hotel on June 7–8,1967, sponsored by the E. W. Scripps Company. The winner was 14-year-old Jennifer Reinke of Deshler, Nebraska who correctly spelled chihuahua to clinch the win on June 8, Reinke was the first winner from Nebraska since Virginia Hogan won the 5th Bee in 1929. She appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show on June 11, anne Clark,14, of Huntington, West Virginia placed second, followed by 14-year old Milene Henley of Houston, Texas in third. First Reinke and then Clark failed to correctly spell spinnaker near the end of the contest and this years contest had 73 contestants sponsored by 72 newspapers, a total of 47 girls and 26 boys. Twelve spellers were age 12,40 were age 13, and 21 were age 14,58 were in grade,14 in seventh grade. At the end of the first day of competition, after 432 words were used, although the New York World Journal Tribune folded in early May 1967, it still sponsored two entrants. First prize was $1000 in addition to a trip to New York City. Second prize was $250, followed by $250 for second, $100 each for fourth through eighth, $75 for 9th-15th, and $50 each for the remaining spellers

14.
41st Scripps National Spelling Bee
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The 41st Scripps National Spelling Bee was held in Washington, D. C. at the Mayflower Hotel on June 5-6,1968, sponsored by the E. W. Scripps Company. The winner was 14-year-old Robert L. Walters of Russell, Kansas, second place went to Ann Johnson of Richfield, Minnesota, who stumbled on the word myosin. The contest started on June 5 with 75 spellers, including 50 girls and 25 boys, by the end of round 19, only two spellers were left. At one point, both final contestants failed to spell potiche correctly, third place went to Stephen Bacher of Middle Village, Queens, New York, who fell on talmudical in the 19th round. A total of 571 words were used, some local activities planned for the contestants were cancelled or changed due to the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy early on June 5