city, northwestern Angola. Settled by Portuguese colonists, Uíge grew from a small market centre in 1945 to become Angola’s major centre for coffee production in the 1950s and was designated a city in 1956. Its prosperity was short-lived, however, as the city was affected by recurrent fighting between Portuguese forces and the National Front for the Libera...

Portuguese general and statesman who rose to political prominence in the wake of the successful military revolt of 1926 and who, as president of Portugal from 1928 to 1951, served as a symbol of continuity during the regime (1932–68) of António de Oliveira Salazar....

village, Morbihan département, Bretagne (Brittany) region, western France, near the Atlantic coast, just southwest of Auray. It is the site of more than 3,000 prehistoric stone monuments. The single stone menhirs and multistone dolmens were hewn from local granite, now worn by time and weather and sheathed in white lichen. Venerated b...

...Killed Me; Roschdy Zem), about a Moroccan gardener accused of murdering his wealthy employer, also pleased many with its straightforward treatment of a true story. Acid laughter dominated Carnage, Roman Polanski’s highly dramatic version of God of Carnage, Yazmina Reza’s hit play about middle-class couples abandoning the social niceties. L’Exercice d...

Carnal Knowledge (1971), however, won many critics back to Nichols’s side, but it too was controversial for its frank and realistic treatment of sex. The drama presents a trenchant but painfully sad portrait of two former college friends (Jack Nicholson and Garfunkel) as they struggle in various relationships from the 1940s through the sexual revolution of the ...

a soft, white halide mineral, hydrated potassium and magnesium chloride (KMgCl3·6H2O), that is a source of potassium for fertilizers. Carnallite occurs with other chloride minerals in the upper layers of marine salt deposits, where it appears to be an alteration product of pre-existing salts. The mineral is found principally in the northern German salt deposits; and a...

town, Gwynedd county, historic county of Caernarvonshire (Sir Gaernarfon), northern Wales. It lies near the west end of the Menai Strait separating the mainland from the Isle of Anglesey. Caernarfon is the administrative centre of Gwynedd and the historic county town (seat) of Caernarvonshire....

historic county of northwestern Wales, bordered on the north by the Irish Sea, on the east by Denbighshire, on the south by the county of Merioneth and Cardigan Bay, and on the west by Caernarfon Bay and the Menai Strait, which separates it from Anglesey. The total area is 569 square miles (1,473 square km). Most of the historic county lies within the present and larger county o...

...around the motte and a walled borough adjacent to it, with a grid pattern of streets. The borough, to which he granted a charter in 1284, was made the capital of North Wales, and it was at the castle that his son, prince of Wales and later Edward II, was born in 1284. Only since 1911, however, has the castle been used for the investiture of the prince of Wales. Both castle and town walls......

gorge in southeastern Queensland, Australia, on the eastern slopes of Carnarvon Range of the Great Dividing Range. The gorge, sometimes called “The Grand Canyon of Queensland,” is about 20 miles (32 km) long and 150 to 1,200 feet (45 to 370 m) wide, with vertical sandstone walls rising 600 feet (180 m). In some sections the sandstone has been so undercut by erosion that hikers at th...

Jan. 19, 1924Highclere, Hampshire, Eng.Sept. 11, 2001Winchester, HampshireBritish horse racing manager who , managed a stud farm and a racing stable for his own horses and those of Queen Elizabeth II, who was also a close personal friend. Carnarvon was styled Lord Porchester until 1987, whe...

...sections the sandstone has been so undercut by erosion that hikers at the bottom cannot see the top directly upward. The gorge is the central feature of the 969-square-mile (2,510-square-kilometre) Carnarvon National Park (1932), which also offers caves containing Aboriginal art and highly diverse plant and wildlife....

plateau section of the Great Dividing Range, southeast-central Queensland, Australia. The Carnarvon Range lies 230 to 280 miles (370 to 450 km) inland from the coast west of Bundaberg and extends 100 miles (160 km) south. Its peaks average 3,000 feet (900 m) in elevation. The range was first explored by Ludwig Leichhardt (1813–48). It is the source of the Dawson River and is accessible by ...

...its federal system and dominion status. In his second term of office, however, his 1875 proposal for a South African federation on the Canadian pattern failed. In 1878 he proposed the so-called Carnarvon Terms, which a few years later provided the settlement of a major dispute between Canada and the British that had delayed the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway....

historic county of northwestern Wales, bordered on the north by the Irish Sea, on the east by Denbighshire, on the south by the county of Merioneth and Cardigan Bay, and on the west by Caernarfon Bay and the Menai Strait, which separates it from Anglesey. The total area is 569 square miles (1,473 square km). Most of the historic county lies within the present and larger county o...

Carnivores, like other mammals, possess a number of different kinds of teeth: incisors in front, followed by canines, premolars, and molars in the rear. Most carnivores have carnassial, or shearing, teeth that function in slicing meat and cutting tough sinews. The carnassials are usually formed by the fourth upper premolar and the first lower molar, working one against the other with a......

Carnivores, like other mammals, possess a number of different kinds of teeth: incisors in front, followed by canines, premolars, and molars in the rear. Most carnivores have carnassial, or shearing, teeth that function in slicing meat and cutting tough sinews. The carnassials are usually formed by the fourth upper premolar and the first lower molar, working one against the other with a......

linguistic region of the Deccan plateau, south-central India, generally corresponding to Karnataka state. Of irregular shape, and defined as the area in which Kannada (Kanarese) is spoken, Karnataka was unified during the Vijayanagar kingdom (c. 1300–1600) until successive conquests by the Muslim kings of the...

music of southern India (generally south of the city of Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh state) that evolved from ancient Hindu traditions and was relatively unaffected by the Arab and Iranian influences that, since the late 12th and early 13th centuries, as a result of the Islamic conquest of the north, have characterized the Hindustani music of northern India. In contrast to northe...

series of military contests during the 18th century between the British, the French, the Marathas, and Mysore for control of the coastal strip of eastern India from Nellore (north of Madras [now Chennai]) southward (the Tamil country). The name Carnatic properly refers to the region occupied by the Kannada-speaking people,...

(Dianthus caryophyllus), herbaceous plant of the pink, or carnation, family (Caryophyllaceae), native to the Mediterranean area. It is widely cultivated for its fringe-petaled flowers, which often have a spicy fragrance....

the pink, or carnation, family of flowering plants (order Caryophyllales), comprising some 86 genera and 2,200 species of herbaceous annuals and perennials, mainly of north temperate distribution. The members are diverse in appearance and habitat; most of them have swollen leaf and stem joints. They have five sepals and five petals, but it is thought that the latter are in origin modified stamens....

...was voted worst picture of the year by the Pall Mall Gazette in 1886. It was not until 1887 that this critical reception changed. That year his Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose (1885–86), a study of two little girls lighting Japanese lanterns, captured the hearts of the British public, and he began to experience the phenomenal......

pink or carnation order of dicotyledonous flowering plants. The order includes 33 families, which contain more than 11,000 species in 692 genera. Nearly half of the families are very small, with less than a dozen species each....

The decolonization process that took place after the Revolution of the Carnations (April 25, 1974) inevitably had demographic repercussions on metropolitan Portugal because of the large number of people (mostly Portuguese) who left the former overseas provinces. Some one million refugees, most of whom came from Angola in part because of the civil war between the liberation movements, settled in......

The carnauba tree is a fan palm of the northeastern Brazilian savannas, where it is called the “tree of life” for its many useful products. After 50 years, the tree can attain a height of over 14 metres (45 feet). It has a dense, large crown of round, light green leaves....

The carnauba tree is a fan palm of the northeastern Brazilian savannas, where it is called the “tree of life” for its many useful products. After 50 years, the tree can attain a height of over 14 metres (45 feet). It has a dense, large crown of round, light green leaves....

a vegetable wax obtained from the fronds of the carnauba tree (Copernicia cerifera) of Brazil. Valued among the natural waxes for its hardness and high melting temperature, carnauba wax is employed as a food-grade polish and as a hardening or gelling agent in a number of products....

The carnauba tree is a fan palm of the northeastern Brazilian savannas, where it is called the “tree of life” for its many useful products. After 50 years, the tree can attain a height of over 14 metres (45 feet). It has a dense, large crown of round, light green leaves....

...(1886), dedicated to the memory of Liszt, made skilled use of the organ and two pianos. In the same year, he wrote Le Carnaval des animaux (The Carnival of Animals) for small orchestra, a humorous fantasy not performed during his lifetime that has since won considerable popularity as a work for young people’s concerts. Among the...

...even with madness. The world seems to collapse on his protagonists, who resort to drastic measures, such as that taken by the main character in Carne (Meat) who progressively eats himself to avoid starvation....

...plot in which a mentally ill man (played by Banderas) successfully persuades a woman he has kidnapped to fall in love with him. Carne trémula (1997; Live Flesh), based on a Ruth Rendell novel and starring Javier Bardem, examines the tangled consequences of an accidental gunshot....

In 1889 Frick was made chairman of Carnegie Brothers and Company to reorganize their steel business. He initiated far-reaching improvements and bought out Carnegie’s chief competitor, the Duquesne Steel Works. He was responsible for building Carnegie into the largest manufacturer of steel and coke in the world. As a result of his leading role in the dispute during the Homestead (Pa.) steel....

...wealthy St. Louis citizens to contribute money for buildings and endowments, and helped raise the medical school to a position of academic excellence. He was one of the original trustees of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and during World War I served as chairman of the price-fixing committee of the War Industries Board. After the war he became the first board chairman of the......

...of time (the Carnegie unit as “the package method of academic advancement”) to a student’s demonstration of knowledge as ascertained by innovative standardized tests. Sponsored by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, the study examined the academic careers of 45,000 Pennsylvania high school and college students. The Pennsylvania Study greatly influenced ...

...film noir The Strange Woman (1946) at United Artists (UA). Hedy Lamarr starred as a woman in 1820s Maine who plots to have her wealthy husband killed. Carnegie Hall (1947) was an atypical entry in Ulmer’s filmography, a UA musical that was more highbrow than his usual efforts. Although the plot was contrived—an aggressive stage mot...

historic concert hall at Seventh Avenue and 57th Street in New York City. Designed in a Neo-Italian Renaissance style by William B. Tuthill, the building opened in May 1891 and was eventually named for the industrialist Andrew Carnegie, its builder and original owner. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky served as guest conductor during the hall’s opening week, and...

private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. The university includes the Carnegie Institute of Technology, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, the College of Fine Arts, the Mellon College of Science, the School of Computer Science, the H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, and the Graduate School of Indust...

...and Observatory (1939), and the Andy Warhol Museum (1994), which exhibits the works of the Pittsburgh-born artist and filmmaker. Other institutions affiliated with the organization are the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, which contains more than 3.3 million volumes, and the Carnegie Music Hall. The Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra performs at Heinz Hall, a restored movie theatre....

private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. The university includes the Carnegie Institute of Technology, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, the College of Fine Arts, the Mellon College of Science, the School of Computer Science, the H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, and the Graduate School of Indust...

Central to the city’s cultural life is the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh (formerly Carnegie Institute), an umbrella organization consisting of a number of institutions. Its museums include those for the fine arts and natural history (both founded in 1895), the Carnegie Science Center (1991), which now also houses the Henry Buhl, Jr., Planetarium and Observatory (1939), and the Andy Warhol....

...Keystone Bridge Company. From about 1872–73, at about age 38, he began concentrating on steel, founding near Pittsburgh the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Works, which would eventually evolve into the Carnegie Steel Company. In the 1870s Carnegie’s new company built the first steel plants in the United States to use the new Bessemer steelmaking process, borrowed from Britain. Other innova...

private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. The university includes the Carnegie Institute of Technology, the College of Humanities and Social Sciences, the College of Fine Arts, the Mellon College of Science, the School of Computer Science, the H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, and the Graduate School of Indust...

Carnegieite is synthetic, high-temperature nepheline. Kaliophilite is the high-temperature form of kalsilite, the potassium-rich variety of nepheline. Kaliophilite is unstable at normal temperatures and rarely occurs in nature....

...their large pectoral fins. They vary from about 3 to 10 cm in length, depending on the species. Though fragile, they are sometimes kept in home aquariums. Among those known to aquarists are the marbled hatchetfish (Carnegiella strigata), and the silver hatchetfish (Gasteropelecus sternicula), which is olive above and silver below....

important religious festival among ancient Dorian-speaking Greeks, held in the month of Karneios (roughly August). The name is connected with Karnos, or Karneios (probably meaning “ram”), said to have been a favourite of the god Apollo, unjustly killed by the descendants of Heracles and therefore commemorated to appease the god’s anger; perhaps he was an old god of fertility d...

Nov. 5, 1938Rio Branco, Braz.May 6, 2007 Rio de Janeiro, Braz. Brazilian cardiologist and politician who was an extreme right-winger who ran for the presidency of Brazil three times, coming in third the second time; he won a seat in the Chamber of Deputies in 2002 with the most votes (1.6 m...

a translucent, semiprecious variety of the silica mineral chalcedony that owes its red to reddish brown colour to colloidally dispersed hematite (iron oxide). It is a close relative of sard, differing only in the shade of red. Carnelian was highly valued and used in rings and signets by the Greeks and Romans, some of whose intaglios have retained their high polish better than ma...

Italian heavyweight boxing champion of the world from June 29, 1933, when he knocked out Jack Sharkey in six rounds in New York City, until June 14, 1934, when he was knocked out by Max Baer in 11 rounds, also in New York City....

Among poets who gained prominence after Franco are Guillermo Carnero, whose work is characterized by a plethora of cultural references and centred upon the theme of death; Jaime Siles, whose abstract, reflexive poetry belongs to Spain’s so-called poesía de pensamiento (“poetry of thought”); and Luis Antonio de Villena, an outspoken....

controversial Italian humanist and religious reformer executed because of his sympathy for and affiliation with the Protestant Reformation. He was patronized by the Medici, particularly Pope Clement VII, to whom he became principal secretary. At Naples in 1540 he joined the circle of the influential Spanish religious writer Juan de Valdés, whose distinctive Christianity w...

Two signed works by Domenico survive. The first, a much-damaged fresco of the Virgin and Child enthroned and two damaged heads of saints, formed part of the Carnesecchi Tabernacle and may have been the first work Domenico executed in Florence. Its accurate perspective and the sculptural quality of the figures suggest he was influenced by Masaccio. The second work is an altarpiece for the Church......

Nov. 4, 1918Mount Vernon, N.Y.Nov. 9, 2003Chester, Conn.American actor who , had a long and varied career in radio, television, theatre, and film, including an Academy Award-winning dramatic leading role in the movie Harry and Tonto (1974), but it was with one TV character that he wo...

Nov. 4, 1918Mount Vernon, N.Y.Nov. 9, 2003Chester, Conn.American actor who , had a long and varied career in radio, television, theatre, and film, including an Academy Award-winning dramatic leading role in the movie Harry and Tonto (1974), but it was with one TV character that he wo...

March 16, 1965Fort Smith, N.W.T.In July 2013 Canadian economist Mark J. Carney stepped down midway through his seven-year term as governor of the Bank of Canada (BOC) to become the new head of the Bank of England (BOE). It was the first time in the 300-year history of the U.K.’s central bank that a non-Briton was appointed govern...

lowermost of the three divisions of the Upper Triassic Series, representing those rocks deposited worldwide during Carnian time (235 million to 228 million years ago) in the Triassic Period. The stage name is probably derived from the Austrian state of Kärnten (Carinthia), where the stratotype is located. The Carnian Stage is subdivided into two substag...

range of the Eastern Alps, extending along the Austrian-Italian border for 60 miles (100 km) from the Pustertal (valley) and the Piave River (west) to the Gailitz (Italian Silizza) River (east). The mountains are bounded by the Dolomites (southwest), the Gail River and the Gailtaler Alpen (north), the Karawanken (east), and the Julian Alps (southeast). The mountains rise to Kellerwand (9,121 feet ...

western region of Slovenia, which in the 19th century was a centre of Slovenian nationalist and independence activities within the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary. It was part of the Roman province of Pannonia in ancient times and was occupied by the Slovenes in the 6th century ad. Emerging as a distinct district in the 10th century, Carniola belonged to a series of ecclesiastica...

a water-soluble, vitamin-like compound related to the amino acids. It is an essential growth factor for mealworms and is present in striated (striped) muscle and liver tissue of higher animals. Carnitine, which can be synthesized by the higher animals, is associated with the transfer of fatty substances from the bloodstream to active sites of fatty-acid oxidation within muscle cells. It regulates ...

These reactions are catalyzed by the enzyme carnitine acyl transferase. Defects in this enzyme or in the carnitine carrier are inborn errors of metabolism. In obligate anaerobic bacteria the linkage of fatty acids to coenzyme A may require the formation of a fatty acyl phosphate, i.e., the phosphorylation of the fatty acid using ATP; ADP is also a product [21c]. The fatty acyl moiety......

These reactions are catalyzed by the enzyme carnitine acyl transferase. Defects in this enzyme or in the carnitine carrier are inborn errors of metabolism. In obligate anaerobic bacteria the linkage of fatty acids to coenzyme A may require the formation of a fatty acyl phosphate, i.e., the phosphorylation of the fatty acid using ATP; ADP is also a product [21c]. The fatty acyl moiety......

...of carnitine transport enzymes, although most of these conditions are caused by fat-degrading enzymes directly involved in the beta-oxidation cycle itself. In individuals with inherited disorders of carnitine transport, a deficiency of carnitine may cause severe brain, liver, and heart damage. Treatment with carnitine is partially effective. Fatty acid oxidation disorders are relatively common....

The island’s cultural showpiece is the annual Summer Festival, or Carnival, which takes place in late July–early August. Its main events include beauty pageants, a Calypso Monarch competition, musical performances, and a Parade of Troupes, in which costumed teams of dancers perform in the streets. The Summer Festival is a cultural potpourri highlighting the art, artistry, innovation,...

a traveling entertainment combining the features of both circus and amusement park. Developing out of the same roots as the early 19th-century circus—the “mud shows,” so called because they operated mainly in the open—carnivals traveled from town to town, bringing with them a few days of high excitement. In addition to mechanized rides such as the early merry-go-round,...

the merrymaking and festivity that takes place in many Roman Catholic countries in the last days and hours before the Lenten season. The derivation of the word is uncertain, though it possibly can be traced to the medieval Latin carnem levare or carnelevarium, which means to take away or remove meat. This coincides with th...

...has nearly 90 species. Members of the family usually have alternate, simple leaves with closely parallel lateral veins and obvious stipules. Their flowers usually have five petals and sepals. Fun shrub, or carnival bush (Ochna multiflora), reaches 1.5 metres (5 feet) and has evergreen leaves. Its yellow, buttercup-like flowers have sepals that turn scarlet and remain after the......

The picture with which Rousseau made his debut at the Salon des Indépendants, Carnival Evening (1886), was a masterpiece of its kind and an impressive beginning for the artist. The approach to representation that he employed in this work is typical of “naive art.” Everything is literally and deliberately drawn—every branch of the trees is......

...(1886), dedicated to the memory of Liszt, made skilled use of the organ and two pianos. In the same year, he wrote Le Carnaval des animaux (The Carnival of Animals) for small orchestra, a humorous fantasy not performed during his lifetime that has since won considerable popularity as a work for young people’s concerts. Among the...

...Country Music Association (CMA) Awards, Underwood claimed single-of-the-year honours for the feisty revenge song Before He Cheats. Her second album, Carnival Ride (2007), sold more than half a million copies in its first week of release, and in early 2008 she was inducted as a member of the Grand Ole Opry, joining the ranks of top country.....

late 15th- and early 16th-century part song performed in Florence during the carnival season. The Florentines celebrated not only the pre-Lenten revelry but also the Calendimaggio, which began on May 1 and ended with the Feast of St. John on June 24. An essential part of the festivities was the singing and dancing of secular songs by masked merrymakers. Under Lorenzo de’ Medici...

...(2004–11), miniseries such as Angels in America (2003) and John Adams (2008), and experimental oddments such as K Street (2003) and Carnivale (2003–05). Showtime’s output of original scripted series also picked up in the early 2000s, with such notable series as The L Word (2004–09),......

any member of the mammalian order Carnivora (literally, “flesh devourers” in Latin), comprising more than 270 species. In a more general sense, a carnivore is any animal (or plant; see carnivorous plant) that eats other animals, as opposed to a herbivore, which eats plants. Although the species classified in this...

animal whose diet consists of other animals. Adaptations for a carnivorous diet include a variety of hunting behaviours and the development of methods for grasping or otherwise immobilizing the prey. Wolves use their teeth for grasping, owls their claws, and bullfrogs their tongues. Some snakes (e.g., rattlesnakes) use venom to immobilize their prey, and many spiders wrap...

any member of the mammalian order Carnivora (literally, “flesh devourers” in Latin), comprising more than 270 species. In a more general sense, a carnivore is any animal (or plant; see carnivorous plant) that eats other animals, as opposed to a herbivore, which eats plants. Although the species classified in this...

any plant especially adapted for capturing insects and other tiny animals by means of ingenious pitfalls and traps and then subjecting them to the decomposing action of digestive enzymes, bacteria, or both. The approximately 400 known species of carnivorous plants constitute a very diverse group, in some cases having little more in common than their carnivorous habit. Although the carnivorous adap...

in heat engines, ideal cyclical sequence of changes of pressures and temperatures of a fluid, such as a gas used in an engine, conceived early in the 19th century by the French engineer Sadi Carnot. It is used as a standard of performance of all heat engines operating between a high and a low temperature....

...that the interaction of a plasma with a magnetic field could occur at much higher temperatures than were possible in a rotating mechanical turbine. The limiting performance from the point of view of efficiency in heat engines was established early in the 19th century by the French engineer Sadi Carnot. The Carnot cycle, which establishes the maximum theoretical efficiency of a heat engine, is.....

French statesman, general, military engineer, and administrator in successive governments of the French Revolution. As a leading member of the Committee for General Defense and of the Committee of Public Safety (1793–94) and of the Directory (1793–97), he helped mobilize the Revolutionary armed forces and matériel....

French statesman, general, military engineer, and administrator in successive governments of the French Revolution. As a leading member of the Committee for General Defense and of the Committee of Public Safety (1793–94) and of the Directory (1793–97), he helped mobilize the Revolutionary armed forces and matériel....