TEHRAN, Iran — Iran hosted Holocaust deniers from around the world Monday at a conference examining whether the Nazi genocide took place, a meeting Israel’s prime minister condemned as a ‘‘sick phenomenon.’’ The 67 participants from 30 countries included former Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke and Holocaust skeptics who have been prosecuted in Europe for questioning whether 6 million Jews were killed by the Nazis or whether gas chambers were ever used. ‘‘The number of victims at the Auschwitz concentration camp could be about 2,007,’’ Australian Frederick Toben told the conference, according to a Farsi translation of his remarks. ‘‘The railroad to the camp did not have enough capacity to transfer large numbers of Jews,’’ said Toben, who was jailed in 1999 in Germany for casting doubt on the Holocaust. The two-day conference was initiated by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in an apparent attempt to burnish his status as a tough opponent of Israel. The hard-line president has described the Holocaust as a ‘‘myth’’ and called for Israel to be wiped off the map. Earlier this year, his government backed an exhibition of anti-Israel cartoons in a show of defiance after Danish cartoons caricaturing Islam’s Prophet Muhammad were published in Europe, raising an outcry among Muslims. Organizers and participants touted the conference as a scholarly gathering aimed at discussing the Holocaust away from Western taboos and the restrictions imposed on scholars in Europe. In Germany, Austria and France, it is illegal to deny aspects of the Holocaust. Duke, a former Louisiana state representative, praised Ahmadinejad for his ‘‘courage’’ in holding a conference ‘‘to offer free speech for the world’s most repressed idea: Holocaust revisionism.’’ ‘‘In Europe, you can freely question, ridicule and deny Jesus Christ. The same is true for the Prophet Muhammad, and nothing will happen to you,’’ Duke said. ‘‘But offer a single question of the smallest part of the Holocaust and you face prison.’’ Also among participants were two rabbis and four other members of the group Jews United Against Zionism, who were dressed in the traditional long black coats and black hats of ultra-Orthodox Jews. The group rejects the creation of Israel on the grounds that it violates Jewish law. Rabbi Ahron Kohen urged participants not to deny the Holocaust. ‘‘If we say that this crime did not happen, it is a humiliation and insult to the victims,’’ he said, according to a translation of his remarks. But he added that Zionists have used the Holocaust to ‘‘give legitimacy to their illegitimate project,’’ the creation of Israel. Another participant, Robert Faurisson, has been convicted five times in France for denying crimes against humanity — most recently last month, when he was fined for denying in an interview with Iranian TV that the Nazis meant to exterminate Jews. Faurisson, a retired university professor, has regularly caused outrage in France, claiming that no gas chambers were used in Nazi concentration camps. The gathering brought quick condemnation from Israel and Germany. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert called on the world to protest, terming the conference ‘‘a sick phenomenon.’’ German Parliament President Norbert Lammert protested the conference in a letter to Ahmadinejad, calling it anti-Semitic propaganda ‘‘under the pretext of scientific freedom.’’ Israel’s official Holocaust memorial, Yad Vashem, said the Tehran conference was ‘‘an effort to mainstream Holocaust denial’’ and ‘‘paint (an) extremist agenda with a scholarly brush.’’ Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki dismissed the criticism as ‘‘predictable,’’ telling delegates there was ‘‘no logical reason for opposing this conference.’’ ‘‘If the official version of the Holocaust is thrown into doubt, then the identity and nature of Israel will be thrown into doubt,’’ said Mottaki, whose ministry put together the conference. ‘‘And if, during this review, it is proved that the Holocaust was a historical reality, then what is the reason for the Muslim people of the region and the Palestinians having to pay the cost of the Nazis’ crimes?’’ A statement from Ahmadinejad was expected to be read to delegates Tuesday. The conference fit in with Ahmadinejad’s policy of seeking to cast Iran as an alternative power to the West — in politics, science and academics. His anti-Israeli and anti-U.S. stances have brought out crowds of supporters during visits to Asia and Africa in recent years, and he has used those themes to rally support at home. Ahmadinejad has said the Nazi genocide during World War II was a ‘‘myth’’ and ‘‘exaggerated.’’ He has also repeatedly said Palestinians had to pay the price for European guilt over the Holocaust. The Tehran gathering coincided with an independently convened academic conference on the Holocaust in Berlin, where historians affirmed the accuracy of the Nazi genocide data and questioned the motives of those behind the Tehran forum. Wolfgang Benz, head of the Center for Research on Anti-Semitism at Berlin’s Technical University, said people who deny the Holocaust ‘‘know perfectly well what happened.’’ ‘‘They want to use what happened — through denying it — to effect something else, to articulate the crude old anti-Semitism against Israel,’’ he said. ‘‘It’s about politics ... not about scholarship.’’

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