The UK government's cyber-security plan, while includes measures to protect the UK's critical national infrastructure and threats from hostile states and intelligence services, harbours offensive capabilities to strike back at those who attack the UK's networks.

The cyber-security strategy will allow the creation of a "joint cyber unit" based at a military facility near Corsham, Wiltshire, to "develop and use a range of new techniques, including proactive measures to disrupt threats to our information security".

GCHQ, the UK's third intelligence service charged with protecting the UK's critical national infrastructure, will also play a part to "develop new tactics".

4.7 In keeping with the NATO Strategic Concept, and with the agreement of the National Security Council, the NCSP is investing to ensure we take a more proactive approach to tackling cyber threats and exploiting the cyber environment for our own national security needs.

4.9: As part of this we are creating a new Defence Cyber Operations Group to bring together cyber capabilities from across defence. The group will include a Joint Cyber Unit hosted by GCHQ at Cheltenham whose role will be to develop new tactics, techniques and plans to deliver military effects, including enhanced security, through operations in cyberspace.

While offensive action could include directed malware attacks that could target specific nuclear operations or programmes in rogue states, it could include seemingly low-level disruption tactics.

Though Russia and China were not named in the cyber-security strategy, Baroness Neville-Jones, the UK's former security minister, previously named the two countries as two of the "worst culprits" in cyber-attacks on the UK's networks.

2.5: Some of the most sophisticated threats to the UK in cyberspace come from other states which seek to conduct espionage with the aim of spying on or compromising our government, military, industrial and economic assets, as well as monitoring opponents of their own regimes.

Unveiling the cyber-security strategy on Friday, UK prime minister David Cameron said: "While the internet is undoubtedly a force for social and political good -- as well as crucial to the growth of our economy -- we need to protect against the threats to our security".