NW2M Presents:The Yaesu FT-101 HF Transceiver Home Page

Purpose

The purpose of this page is to capture and document the Yaesu FT-101
series radios during the 1970's. It has taken me 12 years to collect
a transceiver and every accessory to make a "complete station".
I encourage your feedback, corrections, and additions. I am not
an Electrical Engineer, so I cannot help with specific repair
or substitution problems. I simply don't have access to this type
of material or equipment. My objective is to document the Yaesu
FT-101 era and to provide a detailed understanding so that the
value of this equipment can be realized. Thanks, Al-NW2M

A Brief History of the FT-101 Transceiver

The FT-101 series of transceivers first appeared internationally in 1970
and then domestically inside the United States in January 1971.
It gained overnight approval of amateur radio operators
for its quality of signal, flexibility and for professional attention
to workmanship and design. The modular design of 10 solid state circuit
boards on a common chassis with a tube amplifier caught the eye of
discriminating hams worldwide.

It was a strong performer. Although far from perfect, the first
FT-101's suffered from intermod when strong signals were present
during receive and generated spurs on transmit. Hams began to
investigate these problems and offer improvements to existing
circuit design. The factory responded with a major modification
which significantly improved the
receiver of the early FT-101's. The serial number revealed which
transceiver was "early" and "late". So that the "early" FT-101 hams
would not feel obsolete, Yaesu offered the entire modification which
made an "early" into a "late" and sold it as a kit along with a 25
page instruction guide. Problems began as many hams lacked the proper
test equipment and the know-how needed to make such an upgrade.
After months of fighting with customers, Yaesu withdrew the kit
(MIR-1 Modification Kit) and would only install it at their factory.
Adding to the confusion was the fact that there were five (5) different
sub-models within the "early" FT-101 series, the last being the FT-101 "late" model.
The situation arose where identical FT-101 radios sat side by side with
the only indication of the internal layout was by the serial number.

Additional improvements were made and with the addition of the 160 meter
band, the FT-101B was released. Yet more improvements and the addition
of a real "RF" speech processor led to the release of the FT-101E model.
The "E" model was fully refined with all of the previous problems having
been worked out. This was the most popular and the most produced model by Yaesu
in the FT-101 series. Three models of the "E" were released. The "E" model
with all options, an "EE" (economy) model lacking the speech processor,
and the "EX" (extreme economy) model lacking speech processor, 160M
crystal, DC options, and microphone. Last in the series
was the "F" model which contained all of the modifications,
improvements and options throughout the series. Only a few of the
"F" models were made which also included an "FE" (economy) and
"FX" (extreme economy) model. With fierce competition in the HF
market, WARC bands on the horizon, IF shift, AF Notch/Peak, and digital
readouts, the FT-101 series moved quickly to the analog "Z" model and
then to the digital "ZD" models. The original FT-101 series lasted
for 6 years, beginning in early 1971 and lasting through 1977.
It was an exciting time for the FT-101 radios and their owners.

There were no "A", "C", or "D" models produced.

The FT-101 first appeared in the January 1971 issue of
QST (page 147) sponsored by
Spectronics. It would become a familiar full-page advertisement that would be used
several times by Spectronics Inc as part of their global ad campaign. It set into motion a
new wave of radios and ushered in an exciting time for amateurs worldwide! Each was hand-made
by skilled workers with the utmost of pride. Each was unique.

A publication called the Fox-Tango Newsletter captured the "diary"
of the FT-101s for all time. Ten publications per year offered
thousands of FT-101 owners the opportunity to share problems, solutions,
and performance data. The Fox-Tango Newsletters lasted for 14 years.
It is the largest collection of user data and factory support
information for any radio at any time. It has been preserved and
full copies are still available today. Truly a testament to the
era and popularity of these radios, even today. Here is a
link
to the Fox-Tango Newsletter page.

!Safety!

Before we go any further, it is paramount that you understand that high voltages exist within
these radios, cables, and accessories. Safety is first and foremost! The FT-101 radios and
accessories have voltages which include: 100V, 117V, 240V, +150V, +300V, and +600V. These
voltages exit the radio and appear on interface cables. There are no warnings! Within the high
power FL2100 amplifier, there is a +2,600 Volt power supply! Within the YO-100 oscilloscope
is a +1,300 Volt power supply and a cathode ray tube (CRT). Special tools are required when
working on these radios, accessories, and interface cables. Professional repair and service
are highly recommended. The following information is presented solely for informational
purposes and historical reference.

What's in the Name ?

There are many models which proudly display the FT-101 logo. Please be
sure that you know which model you have, know its operating capabilities,
and limitations. Normally, the longer the model number is, the
less capabilities it has for that model. The last 5 digits represent
the serial number. Any serial number prefix is for factory control and routing.
Buyers and sellers of the original models needed to know the
serial number to finalize any deal.
Here is the complete list:

FT-101 - "Early" model

1971, first offering in United States.

Serial numbers below 25,000.

Known for strong receiver overload, TX spurs, and audio problems.

80-10 meter transceiver.

FT-101 - "Late" Model

Serial numbers above 25,000.

Major modifications to receiver, Regulator, IF and audio boards.

80-10 meter transceiver.

There were five FT-101 sub-models known: (based upon MK-160 160 Meter kit information)

Why so many sub-models?
FLASHBACK - In 1971, there were 250,000 licenses hams, First Class stamps were 8 cents;
Minimum Wage was 1.60 per hour; 8-Track tapes were at their sales peak;
Bill Gates was a junior in high school; the original IBM PC was still 10 years
away; Linus Torvalds (Creator of Linux) was 2 years old; a new Chevy Corvette
cost $5,500 dollars; gas prices were 36 cents per gallon; and Atari was 10
months away from releasing "Pong". $500-$550 was a lot of money
for a new ham radio. Numerically, the FT-101 was 1/10th the price of a
1971 Corvette! The Consumer Price Index (CPI) was 40, today it is 340.
Today's equivalent value of a $550 radio is $4,700. Additionally,
Novices only had CW privileges on certain bands- so a microphone,
the Speach Processor, 160M crystal and the 10B/C/D crystals, etc
were simply excess cost drivers on an expensive radio.
As the Novice upgraded, these could be purchased to match the operating
capabilities permitted by their license class. In 1972, the FCC allowed
Novices to operate a transmitter controlled by a VFO. Ironically, a Novice
could not operate a FT-101 with the VFO. Fixed crystals were needed! How
times have changed!

Construction

The FT-101 is a hybrid radio that employs a solid state transmitter,
receiver, and a two-tube power amplifier. The solid state features of
the radio offer high-performance, low-noise, and low-current
characteristics, while the tube power amplifier provides a nearly
"bullet-proof" transmitter and tuner stage.

The tube amplifier consists of a 12BY7A pre-driver stage that feeds
a pair of 6JS6C tubes providing a nominal output power of 130 watts
PEP SSB, 90 watts CW, 30 watts AM. The 6JS6C tubes are matched to
50 Ohms through a conventional pi-output network. The pi-network
transforms the 5500 ohm output impedance of the tubes to a 50 Ohm feed
system, provides harmonic attenuation, and can actually match to a
variety of output impedances from 25 to 100 Ohms with ease.

The transceivers were made with plug-in boards which could be sent
to the factory for replacement or repair. This modular design was
unprecedented in the amateur community, which explains why so many
FT-101's are still in use today. In fact, board extenders
could be purchased to extend any board above
the main chassis for measurement, alignment, and repair. For any
plug-in board, all voltages, grounds, and signal traces were routed
through a single edge connector (facing down into the main chassis).
This removed the need for wires and cables to these circuit boards.
This yielded a clean and trim internal upper chassis. The bulk of
the wiring harness is below the deck of the main chassis where all
main circuit board edge connectors are fed. Yes, there are many
wires!

The most complicated device in this radio is the Band Selector
Switch. This is a 12-position rotary switch that runs from the front
of the radio to the back. It has 13 sections (wafers A thru M) which
route everything from DC voltages, oscillator sections, crystals, tuning
circuits, and RF Power in the high-voltage tank and output circuits. One
band selector switch position is used for: 160M, 80M, 40M, 20M, 15M, 10A,
10B, 10C, 10D, 11M or AUX, and WWV receive-only. Each position allows
the main VFO to cover 500kHz on any band.

The entire transceiver was made of metal. Covers, chassis, shields,
shafts, etc., are all metal. Even the plastic RF/S-meter trim and
knobs have brass metal inserts. At 35 pounds, there is a lot of metal in
this radio! The 10 major circuit boards are mounted with threaded hardware
to the main chassis. Very rugged indeed. A clear
plastic sheet
covers the entire painted surface of the faceplate. A well-cared-for
FT-101 will still have this clear plastic front. Years later, vendors offered
plastic covers
to further protect your FT-101 radio and accessories.

Because critical circuit designs were kept to a manageable size, hams
had no problem in offering circuit changes, isolating and repairing
problems. This knowledge base was so active that in January 1972,
Milton Lowens WA2AOQ, founded the International Fox Tango Club and
the Fox Tango Newsletter. The Fox Tango Newsletters were published
for 14 years covering the early FT-101's thru the latest Yaesu Transceivers
in 1985. By then, surface mount technology and circuit complexity outpaced
many ham's ability to maintain this level of equipment. In doing so,
new chapters in circuit densities, solid state transmitters, and LSI chips were
born, which closed the door (and the covers) to many radios forever.

A "Complete" Station

Arguments arise when hams talk about a "complete" FT-101 station. Let's
set the record straight. Based upon the
Yaesu Service Manual
"Accessories", a complete FT-101 station will have the following:

FT-101 Transceiver or FL-101/FR-101 Twins

FV-101 Remote VFO

FL-2100 Linear Amplifier

SP-101PB Phone Patch with Speaker or SP-101 Speaker-only

YO-100 or YO-101 Monitor Scope

YC-601 or YC-601B Digital Display Unit

FTV-250 2 Meter Transverter

FTV-650 6 Meter Transverter

YP-150 Dummy Load / Watt Meter

YD-844 Dynamic Desk Microphone

QTR-24 World Clock

This rounds out the field, and is supported in the Yaesu Manuals and
advertising in QST. There may be other items made by Yaesu during this
period, but no mention is made in any of the FT-101 service manuals or
documentation. Yaesu Service Manual pages 1-31 thru 1-39 cover the above
items as Accessories. Options included: CW Filter, Fan, Mobile Mounting
Bracket, etc.

Station Accessories

Yaesu made an entire suite of accessories to complement any FT-101 operator's
station. Each accessory has been thoroughly crafted and integrated to extend
any operating capability. Adding station accessories allows complete band
coverage from 160 meters on HF through 2 meters (USB, LSB,CW, AM). Here is a
list of each accessory, description, and specifications.

FL-2100B/F/Z Linear Amplifier
| FL-2100 Hook-up diagram | FL-2100 Schematic A |
FL-2100 Schematic B | FL-2100 Transformer Wiring |
The FL-2100B/F/Z is a conservatively rated matching
amplifier for the FT-101 series. The amplifier features two rugged 572B carbon plate
tubes in a Class B grounded-grid circuit with individually tuned input coils for each
band. The FL-2100B/F/Z operates with dual cooling fans and a
solid state power supply. Dual interlocks offer safety and shock protection. An
automatic changeover circuit biases the tube to cut-off on receive to maximize tube
life and minimize heat. A bifilar wound, ferrite chokes ensure minimum RF transfer
to the power source. Conservatively rated at 1200 watts PEP input power on 80
through 10 meters. Dual illuminated front panel meters provide continuous monitoring
of plate current, voltage, relative output, and SWR. A "standby" switch allows the
amplifier to be bypassed with primary power enabled and tubes fully heated for
operation. Connections to the FT-101 transceiver include TX/RX relay control
and ALC control voltages. Such control lines are typical for all FT-101 accessories.
There were three FL2100 models produced: FL2100B, FL2100F, and FL2100Z.
The FL2100 B and F models cover 80-10 meters, the Z model includes 160 and WARC bands.

FV-101B External VFO
Adding the FV-101B External VFO to your station opens up a new world of operating
flexibility. DX'ers will really appreciate this combination. The FV-101B features
the same factory sealed, solid state, 1kHz resolution, VFO that is found inside the
FT-101 transceiver. This flexibility allows for "split" operation for separate
transmit and receive frequencies in any band. Regardless of VFO mode, the exact
transmit and receive frequency are available for the Digital Display (YC-601
or DD-1) unit. Please note that any frequency split occurs within the same band.
The Remote VFO does not offer cross-band operation. Four VFO modes are supported:

Transmit and Receive from Main VFO (normal mode)

Transmit from Main VFO, Receive from Remote VFO

Transmit from Remote VFO, Receive from Main VFO

Transmit and Receive from Remote VFO

FV-101B Specifications:

Frequency Range: 8.7 to 9.2 MHz (500kHz tuning range)

Frequency Stability: Within 100 Hz in any 30 minute period after warm-up

Power Source: Remote VFO Connection on the rear of the FT-101 transceiver

Size: 6"h x 8-1/4"w x 11-1/4"d

Weight: 7-1/2 lbs

YO-100 / YO-101 Monitor Scope
| YO-100 Schematic A | YO-100 Schematic B |
Adding the YO-100 Monitor Scope allows you to monitor and adjust your transmitter
for the cleanest signal possible. Compatible with virtually any transmitter or
transceiver, the Station Monitor features a wide range of inputs for all mode
monitoring, even RTTY. A built-in 1500 Hz and 1900 Hz tone generators adds to
the versatility of this accessory. The two-tone generator generates the proper
audio signals to perform "trapezoidal" pattern testing for transmitter linearity.
A full complement of front controls allows operator control of all key adjustments.
The YO-101 is a solid state version of the YO-100.

The YD-844 is an attractive and functional necessity for serious base-station operation.
The unit is made of heavy cast metal which rests solidly at your operating position.
The microphone element is dynamic (voice-coil) and is balanced (output levels and impedances)
for use with the FT-101 transceiver. Two PPT (push to talk) buttons are available on the
YD-844 microphone. One button is a momentary-switch which must be depressed to activate
the PTT relay, the second button has a lock feature which allows hands-free operating
(while still transmitting via PTT). The microphone element is always connected to the
FT-101 so that VOX operations are available without depressing any microphone PTT buttons.
The FT-101 transceiver has three transmit options: 1-MOX (Manually Operated transmitter),
2-PPT (Push To Talk), and 3-VOX (Voice Operated Transmitter). These three options are
available on the front panel of the FT-101 Transceiver via toggle switch. The YD-844
is available in both high and low impedances. The microphone cord is a 3' coiled, 4
conductor (one shielded) cable terminating into a 4-pin female connector.

YD-844 Specifications:

Impedance: 500 Ohms at 1kHz, or 50k Ohms at 1kHz

Output: 50mV nominal

Frequency Response: 50Hz-10kHz nominal

Directivity: Uni-directional

Size: 9"h x 3"w x 6"d

Weight: 1-3/4 lbs

QTR-24 World ClockQTR-24
The QTR-24 World Clock is a 12 and 24 hour format clock. The standard clock movement
(hours, minutes, seconds) is represented in a classical 12-hour format. An outer
ring depicts time in a 24-hour format. The first 12 hours are shown in white to depict
daylight and the other 12 hours in black depict night. The outer-most perimeter of the
clock face has the names of 70 major cities throughout the world in each of the 24 global
time zones. As the 24-hour ring passes a group of cities, you can easily see their UTC and a
day/night indication. The QTR-24 has three adjustments on the rear. One for time
(basic movement adjustments), one for the 24-hour ring, and one for fine-time adjustment.
The QTR-24 can be adjusted to be accurate within ±10 seconds per month.

The current name and format for world time is called Universal Time Coordinate (UTC).
It has also been known over the past years as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), and the military
term ZULU (Z). World time is represented in a 24-hour format based upon the global
starting point in Greenwich, England (UK). The UTC time standard does not adjust for
Daylight Savings Time.

Accurate time reception can be found by tuning to WWV/WWVH (10.000MHz) or CHU (7.335)
on the FT-101 transceiver. Alternate HF/shortwave frequencies for WWV/WWVH are 2.500,
5.000, 10.000, 15.000, and 20.000 MHz. All time formats are AM broadcasts. The WWV (male voice)
originates from Ft. Collins, Colorado (USA). The WWVH (female voice) originates from Kauai,
Hawaii (USA). The ultra-high accuracy of the WWV 10.000MHz signal is also used to calibrate
the FT-101 internal marker located on the Regulator Board (TC1).
Radio station CHU in Ottawa, Ontario (Canada) can be found on 3.330, 7.335, and 14.670 MHz.

Setting up your QTR-24 Clock.
Using the internet, go to time.is, set your QTR-24
clock to your local time (rear knob adjustment), and rotate the white 24-hour bezel ring
(rear knob adjustment) so that the top agrees with the 24-hour value for London/Greenwich Time.
See the image of the QTR-24 which depicts a
local time of 08:38:45am local, and a GMT time between 13 and 14 hours. Additionally, my time
zone is the same as New York. The 24-hour bezel depicts between 8am and 9am (in white) UTC.
The QRT-24 is properly set.

Allow the QTR-24 to run for a few days. The speed of the clock may be
adjusted via flat blade screwdriver. Clockwise one tick mark to advance the device 5-seconds
per day, Counter-Clockwise to retard the clock 5-seconds per day.

The YP-150 is a 50 Ohm dummy load with a built-in RF watt meter. This
unit provides a 50 Ohm resistive load to any transmitter operating from
1.8Mhz thru 200MHz. A single PL-259 plug on the rear panel provides the
unbalanced input to this unit. The YP-150 is powered by a 117V AC
source to run an internal cooling fan to remove heat from the 50 Ohm
non-inductive load. Although YP-150 is powered, the front panel meter
is not illuminated. A four-position switch allows accurate RF power
measurements from 0-6 watts, 0-30 watts, and 0-150 watts. The fourth
position is the OFF position which removes power to the fan and disconnects
the power measuring unit. The YP-601 can be operated without AC power,
but this practice is not recommended, as excessive heat can damage the
resistive load. There is no provision for an RF "bypass", therefore this
unit is best suited for bench testing and alignment procedures.

YP-150 Specifications:

Frequency Range: 1.8MHz to 200MHz

Power Scales: 0-6 watts, 0-30 watts, 0-150 watts

SWR: Less than 1.2:1 at 145MHz

Accuracy: Better than 10% of maximum scale

Meter: Logarithmic scale, non-illuminated

Connection: Single PL-259, unbalanced

Power: 117V AC for internal cooling fan

Size: 6"h x 4-1/2"w x 11"d

Weight: 7.0 lbs

SP-101 External Speaker and SP-101PB External Speaker and Phone Patch
| SP-101PB Hook-up diagram | SP-101SP Schematic |
The Yaesu SP-101 and SP-101PB provide audio fidelity that is
unmatched by the internal speakers found in most conventional
HF transceivers. Although all of the FT-101 series of transceivers
have internal speakers (some early radios did NOT have speakers!),
the SP-101 External Speaker provides an audio fidelity and presence which
cannot be matched with a small 3" internal speaker. The SP-101 internal
speaker uses the entire speaker enclosure to produce pleasing tonal
qualities needed for the reception of rich AM, sharp SSB, and narrow CW.
There are no audio filters in the SP-101 to change the audio properties
originating from the FT-101. Connection to the SP-101 is with shielded RCA
connectors. It is strongly
suggested that small diameter coax or highly shielded audio be used to
ensure shielding from the transceiver to the remote
speaker. The SP (speaker output) jack on the FT-101 has some
RF suppression, and is one of the first places to look for
feedback and hum especially at kW levels during transmit.

The SP-101PB contains all of the excellent audio properties and
characteristics as the SP-101 speaker-only model with the addition of
a hybrid telephone-patch circuit. This circuit allows the FT-101
transceiver to be interconnected to your telephone circuit to allow
telephone calls to be placed with over-the-air stations. The SP-101PB
has two level controls to ensure proper audio levels are presented to
the telephone lines. A built-in VU-meter is used monitor the phone-input
levels. Connection to the telephone line is via (two-wire) twisted pair
(normally red and green wires).

NOTE: When using the phone patch, you are engaging in third-party
traffic in which you are the control operator. The US does not have 100%
third-party traffic agreements with all countries. Example: I was unable
to make a phone patch for a ham on a small sailboat on vacation in the
Bahamas/C6 to their parents living 3 miles from my house! The US does
not have third-party traffic agreements with the Bahamas. Beware!

The YC-601 is a 6-digit frequency display- not a frequency counter. It was not until the later release of the YC-601B
that the unit actually performed real frequency counting thru 35 MHz. The YC-601 base unit would simply
measure the 500kHz sweep of the internal VFO (8700kHz - 9200kHz) and display the 100kHz, 10kHz, 1kHz, and 100Hz
of the tuned VFO frequency. The MHz portion of the display was simply a diode matrix that the user had to
select via front panel. This is why you see a band selector on the front. There was also a 4kHz shift between USB
and LSB as the FT-101 had this amount of oscillator offset within the unit between modes.
The YC-601 had green display tubes. The YC-601B had red display tubes, and the tell-tale front BNC input connector.
A popular equivalent for the Yaesu YC-601 was the DD-1 made by Spectronics Inc. Both were functionally equivalent
and shared a similar paint scheme and look and feel.

The FTV-250 is a 100% solid state 2M transverter designed to be used with any of the FT-101 HF transceivers to
extend its operating capability to include the 2M amateur band. The FTV-250 "transverts" signals to/from the 144-146
MHz or 146-148 MHz frequency segments to the FT-101's 10M band (A, B, C, D positions). This amount of
translation is required as the 2M band is 4 MHz wide, and any band on the FT-101 is only 500 kHz (0.5 MHz) wide.

The four (4) 10M band positions on the FT-101 (A,B,C,D) and the two (2) 2M band positions on the FTV-250
yield eight (8) segments of 500 kHz, equaling 4 MHz total spectrum (144 Mhz - 148 MHz). Both units have to
be tuned simultaneously for maximum performance. The FTV-250 achieves this broad 4MHz tuning by employing
varactor tuning diodes. These diodes change capacitance by varying the voltage across them. This is the
purpose of the TUNE knob on the FTV-250. This voltage-tuned RF circuitry was unprecedented in the Amateur
market and is an example of Yaesu's commitment to performance and reliability.

The FTV-250 has a self-contained power supply providing all of the internal voltages required for high
performance operation. There is a 2-stage RF Power Amplifier which provides approximately 12 watts PEP RF
output (20W DC input) in linear service. Users found this power level attractive as many external
amplifiers were available (10W in, 160W out), with and without low-noise pre-amps.

Interconnection to the FTV-250 transverter is done thru a series of cables. These cables provide signaling
and control between the units. Please note that the voltages which appear on the interface cable include:
12.6V, 100V, +150V, +300V, and +600V! Always ensure that the FTV-250 interface cable is is perfect condition
due to the high voltages present. Shielded coax provides low-level 10M RF (28MHz - 30Mhz) signals required for
the 2M/10M translation. When the FTV-250 2M transverter is turned ON, it cuts the filament voltage to the
FT-101's 100W Power Amplifier so that it cannot be energized. The FTV-250 transverter has the extra connectors
on the back to add the FTV-650 6M transverter. The 2M and 6M transverters can be daisy-chained together.
Therefore, the FTV-250 can serve as the middle-unit, while the FTV-650 is an end-unit only. Do not lose or
misplace the FT-101 ACC Plug!

The 10M-2M frequency translation is as follows: Supposed you want to QSO on the 144.200 USB National Calling
frequency in the USA. This frequency is in the bottom 500 kHz segment of the 2M band. The FT-101 is set to 10A
and the main VFO is tuned to 28.200 MHz. The FTV-250 is set to 144-146. The resulting 28.200 USB signal is
linearly translated to 144.200 MHz. Upon receive, the 144.200 MHz is linearly translated back to 28.200 MHz.
Metering on both units allow alignment within 10 seconds. Once aligned, e.g. 144.200 USB, you can easily
move ± 50kHz (100kHz total) without re-adjustment. Perfect for calling CQ, rag-chewing, or contesting.

FM and Repeater operation: The FT-101 does not have FM as an operating mode. The modes available are: AM,
USB, LSB, and CW. Therefore, it cannot transceive FM signals, so FM operation is moot. Additionally, repeater
operation uses a 600 kHz frequency offset, while the FT-101 only has a 500 kHz per band segment. Therefore,
repeater operation is not possible even with the Yaesu Remote VFO (FV-101B).

FTV-250 Specifications:

Frequency Range: 144.0-146.0 MHz, 146.0-148.0 MHz

Intermediate Frequency: 28.0 MHz - 30.0 MHz

Sensitivity: Better than 0.5uV for 20 dB SNR SSB

Modes: USB, LSB, CW, AM

RF Power Output: 12W PEP , 20W DC Input

Connection: Single PL-259, unbalanced

Power: 100-240VAC 50/60Hz, 12VDC@3amps

Size: 6"h x 4-1/2"w x 11"d

Weight: 7.0 lbs

FTV-650 6 Meter Transverter
| FTV-650 Hook-up diagram | FTV-650 Schematic A |
FTV-650 Schematic B |
The FTV-650 is a hybrid 6M transverter designed to be used with any of the FT-101 HF transceivers to
extend its operating capability to include the 6M amateur band. The FTV-650 "transverts" signals to/from the 50-52
MHz or 52-54 MHz frequency segments to the FT-101's 10M band (A, B, C, D positions). This amount of
translation is required as the 6M band is 4 MHz wide, and any band on the FT-101 is only 500 kHz (0.5 MHz) wide.

The four (4) 10M band positions on the FT-101 (A,B,C,D) and the two (2) 6M band positions on the FTV-650
yield eight (8) segments of 500 kHz, equaling 4 MHz total spectrum (50 Mhz - 54 MHz). Both units have to
be tuned simultaneously for maximum performance.

The FTV-650 has no internal power supply. All required voltages come from the attached FT-101 host. Please note
that the voltages which appear on the interface cable include: 12.6V, 100V, +150V, +300V, and +600V! Always
ensure that the FTV-650 interface cable is is perfect condition due to the high voltages present.
If the FT-101 is powered on, these voltages are present!

The FTV-650 employs a single tube RF Power Amplifier (6146B/S2001) which provides approximately
25 watts PEP RF output in linear service. Users have found this power level attractive for barefoot
operation as well as with an external amplifier.

Interconnection to the FTV-650 transverter is done thru a series of cables. These cables provide voltages
and control between the units. Shielded coax provides low-level 10M RF (28MHz - 30Mhz) signals required for
the 6M/10M translation. When the FTV-650 6M transverter is turned ON, it cuts the 12.6 filament voltage to the
FT-101's 100W Power Amplifier so that it cannot be energized. The FTV-250 2M and FTV-650 6M transverters can
be daisy-chained together. The FTV-250 can serve as a middle-unit, while the FTV-650 is an end-unit only.
Do not lose or misplace the FT-101 ACC Plug!

The 10M-6M frequency translation is as follows: Supposed you want to QSO on the 50.125 USB National Calling
frequency in the USA. This frequency is in the bottom 500 kHz segment of the 6M band. The FT-101 is set to 10A
and the main VFO is tuned to 28.125 MHz. The FTV-650 is set to 50-52 MHz. The resulting 28.125 USB signal is
linearly translated to 50.125 MHz. Upon receive, the 50.125 MHz is linearly translated back to 28.125 MHz.
Metering on both units allow alignment within 10 seconds. Once aligned, e.g. 50.125 USB, you can easily
move ±50kHz (100kHz total) without re-adjustment. Perfect for calling CQ, rag-chewing, or contesting.

FM and Repeater operation: The FT-101 does not have FM as an operating mode. The modes available are: AM,
USB, LSB, and CW. Therefore, it cannot transceive FM signals, so FM operation is moot. Additionally, 6M repeater
operation typically use a 1MHz frequency offset, while the FT-101 only has a 500 kHz per band segment. Therefore,
repeater operation is not possible even with the Yaesu Remote VFO (FV-101B).

FTV-650 Specifications:

Frequency Range: 50.0-52.0 MHz, 52.0-54.0 MHz

Intermediate Frequency: 28.0 MHz - 30.0 MHz

Sensitivity: Better than 0.5uV for 10 dB SNR SSB

Modes: USB, LSB, CW, AM

RF Power Output: 25W PEP, 50W DC Input

Tubes: Single 12BY7A (pre-driver), Single 6146B/S2001 (PA)

Connection: Single PL-259, unbalanced

Power: Provided by FT-101 (12.6V, 100V, +150V, +300V, and +600V)

Size: 6"h x 4-1/2"w x 11"d

Weight: 7.0 lbs

MMB-1 Mobile Mounting Bracket
| Image | Assembly Instructions |
The MMB-1 Mobile Mounting Bracket was a factory accessory for the FT-101 series
radios. It was a sturdy steel tray designed to hold a FT-101 securely for
mobile operation. The MMB-1 straddled the transmission "hump" found in cars
during the period. The tray has four detents to accept the four feet found on
the bottom of the FT-101 transceiver. A strap secured the transceiver to the
tray. The only change required to the FT-101 during mobile operation using DC
electrical power was the adjustment of the tube bias to 60ma idle current.

Yaesu advertisements in QST hinted at mobile
and portable operation, but never a clear photo of how to do it or show one in
actual operation. The vehicle in the advertisement appears to be a 1972 Land
Rover Series-3. There is no front seat room in this vehicle to mount a
FT-101 on the "hump". The practically of mounting a 30+ lbs radio in a vehicle
is nil. Therefore, the idea of mobile operation was short lived. Here is an
example from 1967 in a 1967 Dodge Dart. Five years
later, hump-mount mobile operation was almost impossible to do. Center consoles
, heat ducts, and vehicle accessories consumed this space forever. The MMB-1
may be the rarest of all FT-101 parts/accessories in the FT-101 lineup. So few
were ever made, the practicality was zero, and 40 years have passed.
The assembly instructions above are the only known copy to exist-
including the typographical error.

MMB-1 Specifications:

Size: 3/4"h x 13-1/2"w x 11-1/2"d

Weight: 3 lbs

Surface: 18 gauge, unpainted steel

Support: 35 lbs max

FT-101 Original Prices

So how much did it cost? Here are some prices from QST
during the 1970's for each of the FT-101 transceivers and associated
accessories. It is difficult to accurately depict prices for each and
every month spanning 9+ years. Even with this data, there are dealers
offering close-out prices which can be $100-$125 under other dealers
who wish to continue selling the product line. In some cases the "list"
prices are advertised with the note to "call for best price", making
it extremely difficult to accurately gauge exact prices.
Prices marked with an asterisk (*) denote a close out price or
inventory reducing price. Normally prices will vary only a few dollars
between dealers in the same issue. More sources and lists will follow-
as I find the QST issues for the 1970's.

The 6JS6C tube is a TV Deflection Tube, or "Sweep Tube". Although not meant for transmitting,
it exhibits sufficient performance for RF operation through 30 MHz. Each tube can dissipate 30 watts of
plate power. The base is a 12-pin socket.

There will come a time when the finals in your FT101E will need replacing. The FT-101 transceivers were
originally equipped with 6JS6C tubes manufactured by NEC and Toshiba. Other manufacturers tube properties
are slightly different from the original 6JS6C tubes. Therefore, a simple modification to the
neutralization circuit must be made to the final section of the transceiver. The modification consists
of replacing the fixed value 100 pf 1000 VDC mica capacitor with a 10 pf 1000 VDC mica capacitor.
This capacitor, C125, is in series with the 10 pf variable neutralizing capacitor off of the plate circuit.

If this modification has not already been completed on your rig, be sure to use a mica or silver
mica of at least 1000 VDC. Do not substitute a different type because the heat in the final compartment
will change the value, and your tubes will fail prematurely. Also, be very careful to keep all leads
short and in exactly the same orientation as the original capacitor.

Before re-neutralizing, open the variable neutralizing capacitor all the way to minimum engagement and
follow the neutralizing instructions in the manual. While dipping the PLATE, remember to adjust the
neutralizing capacitor for equal value meter reading "dips" (Ic meter position) on both sides of the peak
when tuning the PLATE control. WARNING! You are tuning a capacitor in the High Voltage compartment,
+600 Volts are present! Always use non-metallic tuning tools. After neutralization, reset the bias to
60ma with CARRIER and MIC settings at minimum.

QST / 73 / CQ Magazine Articles

QST- The following performance data is provided by the American Radio Relay League (ARRL)
and their publication QST. A full copy of this table was found on the Technical Information Service
section on the ARRL web page. The table depicted over 60 radios and their performance data.
I have shown only the Yaesu radios from the 1970's that apply to this web page.

Introduction of the original FT-101, QST Jan 1971:
Page 147. This is the very first time we see the FT-101!
QST Review: FT-101B, Sep 1974:
Page 46,
Page 47,
Page 48. A complete 3-page QST review of the B-model.
QST Review: FT-101E, Feb 1976:
Page 38. A 1-page QST update on the E-model.

If you have ever purchased a FT-101 transceiver without the Instruction Manual, you know it can be very intimidating
to operate until you perform the tune-up process a time or two. Without 'tuning up' your transmitted and received
signals really suffer AND could actually damage the tubes in the power amplifier. I always suggest that you
download the Instruction Manual for any FT-101 radio or accessory you own. Even older radios have web pages that
can provide you copies at very reasonable rates. An Instruction Manual was made for each and every FT-101 radio
and accessory. These are free across the Internet. Even the FT-101 Service Manual is available (32MB PDF). See the
FT-101 Repair Facilities section on this page for the link. No excuses!

The FT-101 series is a very mechanical radio. The size, selection, and operation of this rig
allow for very high-Q circuit tuning. It is a very
strong point with the FT-101 series. As with any high-Q circuit, it must be continuously tuned for maximum
efficiency. Once learned, it takes only a few seconds to perform. You should re-tune anytime you change bands,
change antennas, or move a significant distance (in frequency) from where you last tuned up.
This may be as large as 200 kHz on the 10 meter band (10-15 turns of the VFO dial) or
as little as 15 kHz on the 160 meter band (one turn of the VFO dial).

Before you begin, you should allow the rig to warm up (with the heaters on) for at least 15 minutes. This allows
the rig to become frequency and temperature stable. Put the Meter switch into the 'IC' position with the CARRIER
and MIC control fully counter-clockwise. Throw the MOX switch to engage the transmitter and read the meter that
is now displaying the idling current. The current should read 60ma on the scale.
If it does not, adjust the BIAS control until 60ma is obtained. Move the Meter switch to ALC and ensure a full
meter deflection to the right. Adjust the ALC control as needed. Return the MOX switch to normal PTT.

Please remember to tune-up into a well-matched antenna system or dummy load representing a 50 Ohm load.
Keep all tune-up steps to under 10 seconds of transmitting to prevent damage to the Power Amplifier tubes!
After each 10 second transmission, allow the tubes to cool for 10 seconds. Then repeat.
Do not exceed this 50% duty cycle. The tubes can only dissipate 30 watts each! You can put heat into the tubes
faster than they can dissipate that heat!

The earlier FT-101 manuals used a tune-up procedure which 'peaked' the output (PO) while 'dipping' the grid (Ic) current.
By the FT-101F series, the procedure was simply a 'peaking' (PO) process as depicted in the Instruction Manual. With a little
practice, you will be able to perform these procedures within 10 seconds. Really!

Tune-Up Procedure for SSB, CW, and AM:

After a 15 minute warm-up, and Idle Current confirmed at 60 ma:

Select the band and general operating frequency to be used.

Place the Meter switch in the Power Out (PO) position.

Rotate the PRESELECTOR for maximum receiver noise/signal output.

Place the CARRIER control to position 4 and MIC control to minimum.

Momentarily engage the MOX or PTT transmitter control for a maximum of 10 seconds.

Disengage the MOX or PTT transmitter control and allow the rig cool for 10 seconds.

Increase the CARRIER control two units and repeat.

NOTE: If using AM, peak the CARRIER for 30 watts maximum, then increase the LOAD control one unit.
The PO meter will deflect slightly on voice peaks.

Adjust CARRIER, MIC, and PROCESS controls for the proper output as desired. Monitor the Meter for grid current (Ic) and
ALC levels (ALC) to ensure that you are not over-driving the transmitter. Both will greatly
shorten tube life, cause distorted transmitted audio, and is the prime source of television interference (TVI).

One of the most misunderstood and mistuned modes available on the FT-101 transceivers is the
AM (Amplitude Modulation) transmitter. (Second only to the RF Speech Processor!) The FT-101 has
one of the best on-air signals for AM that you may ever find in a stock radio. It is also
one of the easiest to make a mistake. The most common mistake is measuring AM power the same
way that you measure SSB or CW signals using a watt meter. AM is very different.

The most common mistake is running too much carrier power in AM mode. The FT-101 can only deliver 30-40 watts of AM
carrier in linear service. The reason for this is that an AM signal contains a steady carrier and two sidebands
that contain your audio. The amount of RF power in this modulated AM "envelope" is actually 4-times the carrier. This means
that a modulated AM signal with a 30-watt carrier is actually transmitting 120 watts of power. This is the amount
of power needed from the power supply to transmit this signal. It is also approaching its absolute power limit. The same
is true with the matching FL-2100B amplifier. A 300-watt carrier contains 1200 watts of RF power when fully modulated.
There is nothing worse than "cooking" a FT-101 by running AM with a 100 watt carrier. The power supply, tubes, and
amplifier components cannot deliver 400 watts of power, are run continuously beyond their maximum rating, and for long
periods of time. Beware when purchasing one of these 11 meter 'cooked' radios!

As you know by now, the FT-101 series of radios are very mechanical. From time to time, they will require basic
alignment and calibration. The Yaesu factory knew this and made many of the adjustment points directly accessible
under the top cover. Personally, I let the FT-101 warm-up for 2-hours with the heaters on and covers on so that the
unit becomes temperature and frequency stable. Never try to align or calibrate a cold rig.

The FT-101 Service Manual has the most complete description of alignment
and calibration information for the FT-101 series. The Service Manual covers all of the models from the
original FT-101 thru the FT-101E. Chapter 7 depicts the entire process. There are a few things to remember about
the FT-101 radios: 1) They are 40 years old. 2) They are analog radios. 3) They do require alignment from time
to time. 4) Parts may be hard or impossible to find. 5) It is a radio without equal!

Be very cautions of cleaners and solvents on this rig. Tuner Cleaner can be used on mechanical switches.
Potentiometer Cleaner on all variable resistors. Use Compressed Air on coils and variable capacitors. Whetting
these parts and moving them back and forth may actually dissolve that material which provide the resistive
function. Residual oils may actually attract more dirt and dust over time. Solvents should NEVER be used!

There are a few terms you need to know about, how to correctly use, and apply them. Please note that there are many
WRONG descriptions on the internet including videos on YouTube. Follow them (with respect to the FT-101) and you
are going down the path to mistakes and frustration. Let's get started:

Zero Beat (#1) This is the term used when the absolute value of a single tone is adjusted to zero.
This occurs when you hear the high-pitched FT-101's internal MARKER tone and you adjust the VFO so that
the tone goes lower and lower in frequency until it is no longer heard thru the speaker. Since the frequency you
hear rolls off at 100Hz (you can no longer hear the tone), you go just a fraction more to account for the last 100Hz
that you cannot hear. The goal is truly zero-Hz. This is how you adjust the VFO to the MARKER when you:
Change Bands or Change Modes (eg: USB to LSB, or from CW to USB, etc.). After you Zero Beat the VFO with the
MARKER, you rotate the silver frequency wheel to align with the 25kHz or 100kHz multiple. This puts the FT-101's
VFO on-frequency. The MARKER is calibrated with WWV. It is your master frequency standard on all bands.

Zero Beat (#2) This is a term used when you adjust two tones to be equal with each other.
It is like tuning a guitar. It is not finding the average between two single tones as you flip some switch
back and forth. When you Zero Beat two simultaneous tones being emitted from the FT-101, you will eventually
hear the famous "wow wow wow" as the two tones "beat" against each other. As the tones get closer together in
frequency, they become indistinguishable to the human ear- and the wow-wow ceases. You have achieved the
Zero Beat process. Here is an audio example of the process.
At the end of the audio clip (25-28 second mark), the tone is steady. These are the tones you will hear
when setting the 10 MHz MARKER used to provide the 100 kHz and 25 kHz Markers. You will Zero Beat
the WWV radio signal with the FT-101's MARKER. This will provide an accurate internal frequency reference.
The goal is to mimic the highly accurate over-the-air 10MHz radio frequency emission from WWV in Colorado.
Adjust the MARKER trimmer capacitor with a non-metallic tuning tool. This trimmer capacitor is labeled
"MARKER TC1" on the FT-101 Top Chassis Photo.

WWV The radio station WWV plays a vital role with the FT-101 series radios. WWV transmits a
highly accurate frequency carrier at exactly 10 Mhz. This signal is received by the FT-101 radio tuned to
the WWV Band segment and is ultimately used to zero-beat with the internal MARKER frequency to derive accurate
frequency calibration. Since WWV transmits like any other radio station, it will not be heard all the time.
It may take several attempts to get a strong S7 on the FT-101's meter to perform accurate MARKER calibration.
Be patient. This is typical of radio signals in the 30 Meter band, your distance from Ft Collins Colorado,
time of day, solar activity, and the effectiveness of your antenna.

Shipping your Yaesu Radio and Components

Background: As a buyer or seller, you need to know the fair market value
of shipping so that you can finalize the exact cost of any deal.
There should be no surprises as you hand over the box to be shipped,
and no surprises when the box gets opened. The following information
will allow for accurate shipping costs, assuming you have weighed the package
carefully, for delivery anywhere in the United States or overseas.

Sizes and Weights: The sizes and weights for each piece of Yaesu
equipment is listed above. None of the Yaesu transceivers or accessories
exceed the size and weight limits imposed by any of the major common
carriers such as: UPS/FedEX/USPS. Shipping should be a very straightforward process,
and with a little planning, your package should arrive in the same
condition as it was shipped.

Estimating Final Weight: Accept the fact that shipping will add 20%-25% to
the actual weight of any unit. Yes, a 30 pound FT-101E transceiver with manual
and power cords will actually weigh 38 pounds ready to ship. A two pound
YD-844 microphone will weigh 3-4 pounds if packed properly. The heaviest in
the series, the FL-2100 amplifier (41 lb.) will tip the scales at 52 pounds
at the counter! Don't underestimate the weight of shipping!

Packing Considerations: Remember that you are responsible for ensuring
that the equipment is packed properly and safely for its journey. The longer
the trip the better it must be packed, especially overseas. NEVER use
newspaper for any of packing material. It is not resilient to compression, it
holds moisture, and will leave ink on painted and plastic surfaces. When
possible, use the original Yaesu packing box and materials. Prior to shipping
any unit, remove all AC cords, microphones, accessory plugs, and the brass
spinner on the main VFO dial. Do not use tape on any plastic or painted
surface. Ensure that all covers are on tight. Put the unit in a plastic
bag (as a moisture and dust barrier), and then wrap in bubble wrap.
Select a box which allows at least 2" on each side to survive a hard
"knock" while in transit. Place enough fill to cover 2" in the bottom
of the box. Insert the unit and fill completely with packing to the top.

Since FT-101 parts are very hard to find, please ask ANY repair facility how they obtain
parts. If they simply call the Yaesu factory, you may be sending your FT-101 to the wrong place or waiting
a very long time. I prefer to deal with repair facilities that specializes in FT-101 parts, which means
in some cases, they must use 'parts rigs' to find that hard to get part. Basic capacitors, resistors,
and transistors are not a problem. But, there are times where a substitute is not available. You will
be glad that your rig is being repaired by a "FT-101 ready" facility.

This web page was created back in late 1997 and posted in January 1998. Back then, web access was thru
a 14.4k or 28.8k dial-up modem. The goal was to create a web page that was bandwidth friendly and basic in
layout- even for a 14.4k modem. At that time, there were web pages that would scan your web page and
offer reduced image resolution and a reduced color pallet (Website Garage). It was a very
effective way to reduce bandwidth demands and still get your message out. As a point of reference,
the image below is larger in size than all of the text and formatting of this page combined!

Special thanks to the MIT Radio Club W1MX for the use of their extensive technical library. They had
every radio publication ever produced for the past 60+ years. Looking back 40+ years is never easy!