Nokia and Facebook successfully completed multiple submarine field trials over a 5,500 km submarine cable between New York and Ireland, showing how existing subsea fiber can support surging data demand

Submarine field trial of Nokia Bell Labs’ new probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) technology used shaped 64-QAM, which achieved a record spectral efficiency of 7.46 b/s/Hz and increased the stated capacity of the system by almost 2.5 times

The test also included a successful 11,000 km round trip submarine transmission using shaped 64-QAM achieving a record spectral efficiency of 5.68 b/s/Hz and a first demonstration of 200 Gb/s and 250 Gb/s wavelengths and 16-QAM modulation over a transatlantic submarine route using a real-time coherent DSP

Espoo, Finland – Nokia and Facebook have collaborated on field trials of new optical digital signal processing technologies over a 5,500 kilometer transatlantic subsea link.

As bandwidth-hungry applications such as video and virtual reality become accessible to more people around the world, scaling the telecommunications infrastructure that supports them is a significant challenge. To increase the capacity capabilities of subsea fiber, Nokia and Facebook tested Nokia Bell Labs’ new probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS) technology. The test showed an increase of almost 2.5x more capacity than the stated optical transmission capacity of the system, demonstrating the feasibility of the technology across a challenging real-world fiber-optic network.

PCS, an area of active Nokia Bell Labs research, is a novel technique that uses ‘shaped’ quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats to flexibly adjust transmission capacity to near the physical limits of a given fiber-optic link. In this first-of-its-kind experiment for an installed submarine link, conceived and planned by Facebook, PCS based on 64 QAM, combined with digital nonlinearity compensation and low-linewidth lasers, achieved a record spectral efficiency of 7.46 b/s/Hz, indicating the potential to upgrade this cable to 32 Tb/s per fiber in the future.

Transmission tests based on the commercially available Nokia Photonic Service Engine 2 (PSE-2) validated the successful transmission of 8-QAM wavelengths running at 200 Gb/s and 16-QAM wavelengths running at 250 Gb/s – a first for transatlantic transmission. 200G 8-QAM wavelengths supported a spectral efficiency of 4 b/s/Hz while exhibiting sufficient performance margin to support reliable, commercial operation.

The results of the trial will be presented in a post-deadline paper at the Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibition (OFC), March 21-23 in Los Angeles, CA.

Dr. Stephen Grubb, global optical network architect at Facebook, said: "Facebook wants to increase the pace of innovation and adoption of next-generation optical technologies. This field trial with Nokia demonstrates that the scalable optical technology of PCS together with narrow linewidth laser sources can achieve capacities extremely close to the Shannon limit. This ensures that we are both maximizing our investment in submarine cable systems, as well as continuing to drive the cost per bit of submarine transport lower."

Sam Bucci, head of optical networking at Nokia, said: "We are thrilled to partner with Facebook to promote our common commitment to accelerating innovation in optical transmission. By demonstrating promising areas of Nokia Bell Labs research such as PCS, as well as coherent technologies available today, we hope to chart a path forward for the industry towards higher capacities, greater reach, and more network flexibility."

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