I have a 3x3 array of LEDs and I hooked up a momentary switch to my Arduino to have it cycle the lighting modes with a press of the button my problem is that when I press it, it does not change unless it is at a certain time and I'm too new to fix the code on my own I have attached the file.

I have all of the LEDs connected to the 5v rail with all of their cathodes going on pin 3-10 with the momentary switch properly connected to pin 11 with a pull-up resistor

Yep, that's the classic mistake of using delay(). A delay() blocks EVERYTHING. I'm still in favor of making it mandatory for every Howto on Arduino to have the second chapter "And now NEVER use delay() again!".