Progress: Imaging studies have developed activity signatures of the ASD brain. While more than 3 studies were launched, more funding and work in this area are needed.

Remaining Gaps, Needs and Opportunities: This objective also requires standardization of data collection and analysis methods, as well as collaboration among investigators to pool data. Increased emphasis must be placed on conducting biological evaluations of very young children at risk for ASD and on collecting biological samples from these young children, to enable research into the establishment of biomarkers or risk markers in this population.