Many psychologists whom deal with personalities feel that there are five basic dimensions of personality, which most people call the “Big Five Personality Traits”. These traits are known to be Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness. Many times these traits are examined through questionnaires, surveys, and tests to see exactly where a person stands. Agreeableness is a person that’s usually very cooperative, agreeable, and warm (Nelson/Quick). A person who usually scores high within agreeableness has the qualities above and they also show favor for human nature and they get along very well with others. An agreeable person is great team worker and efficient in keeping peace within the workplace. A person who scores low in agreeableness tends to put their own interests before others, they’re usually very distant, unfriendly, and not willing to cooperate with others (Agreeableness). I feel that a person with this trait will contribute positively by being a mediator because they love to keep peace and be surrounded within it also. Conscientiousness is a person who’s hardworking, organized, and dependable (Nelson/Quick). A person who usually scores high in conscientiousness will have a high level of self-discipline (Conscientiousness). This person prefers to plan everything rather than to just up and do something spur of the moment. I feel that a person with this trait is always going to be reliable when it comes to working and they’re going to always see to it that the work is done effectively. With this person having the need to plan first they’ll always most likely be very successful within their jobs. This person goes above and beyond the call of duty kind of like a military serviceman. A military serviceman will do their job and then go on to help someone else that is in need. Extraversion is a person who is very outgoing, sociable, and enthusiastic. An extravert person is the type of person who loves to be at the center of...

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...INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY ON INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCES IN THE WORKPLACE
INTRODUCTION
With today’s increasingly competitive global market, organizations are placing paramount emphasis upon their ‘Human Resources’ or ‘Intellectual Capital’ as a source of competitive advantage. Therefore, it is very important for any organization to levy the best out of an individual, and facilitate its own growth. This can be achieved by effective measurement of the individual’s performance in the workplace and identifying the essentialities that will serve to be the best criteria for this evaluation. The two jargon terms prevalent in the industry today for analyzing the performance of an individual in the workplace are, “Personality” and “Cognitive Ability”. One group of researchers says that it is the Personality of an individual which enables him to perform better, while the others support the latter. P.A.Touze, 2005., in his findings said that, personality can be considered to be more relevant to performance especially when the personality traits and the performance criteria have a common theoretical or conceptual orientation. In parallel, a more systematic consideration of work requirements and a better understanding of factors that are important for work performances, have allowed for a clearer definition of the potential roles for personality in this context. It is in light of these findings, will...

...Personality
Robert White
University of Phoenix
PSY 405
Instructor: Dr. Rockel Etienne
22 July 2013
Personality
"We know what we are but not what we may be." Ophelia in Hamlet
According to Guralnik (1987), personality is defined as, the quality or fact of being a person or a particular person. Guralnik (1987) also defines personality as, distinctive individual qualities of a person, considered collectively.Personality is a definition that is hard to put one definition. Individuals each have their own definition. Even psychologists only agree on a vague term of personality. Instead of agreeing on one specific definition, psychologists have instead chosen to develop theories that describe the origins of an individual’s personality. Five separate theories emerge from the different perspectives of notable psychologist. Biological theorists believe that personality is genetic. Behaviorists agree with the idea that personality is a direct result of the influence of the individual’s environment. Third the psychodynamic theory journeys into the unconscious mind and childhood to describe personality. Humanist use free will as their explanation of personality. Finally the trait theory suggests that the development of personality is derived from many different traits.
Contemporary psychologists do agree...

...Personality Theories Paper
Peggy Pena
PSY/211
December 7, 2012
Dr. Joy Womble
Personality Theories Paper
To begin assessing personality theories, there are five personality theories to consider. The five theories of approaches to personality are as follows, Psychodynamic, Trait, Learning, Biological and Evolutionary, and Humanistic. The various approaches to personalities is difficult to test scientifically based on the complexity and uniqueness of each individual. Most people can relate to some of the personality theories, but other may view one theory that best describes them over another.
The Learning theory is about learned responses. The learning theory is primarily based on observable behaviors and their environments. Consequently inner functions such as motivations, thoughts and emotions are disregarded. According to Feldman (2010), Skinner believed that personality is a collection of learned behavior patterns. When these behavior patterns are learned, they were reinforced by a certain type of pattern. Learning theorists also suggest that a person’s environment is a factor.
According to Feldman (2010), humanistic approaches to personality emphasize people’s inherent goodness and their tendency to move toward higher levels of functioning. Carl Rogers who stands behind the Humanistic approach, believes that all people have a...

...that employees are experiencing high stress levels at work. Discuss this in terms of what may be causing stress and what the potential outcomes of these stress levels may be.
What are the major sources of workplace stress and what effect can stress have on employees and organisations?
Personality
What evidence is there that personality traits can predict performance at work?
With reference to the published literature consider whetherpersonality traits are useful for predicting work performance.
Different approaches :
1. Nomothetic paradigm
-individual differences can be described using predefined attributes. E.g Extraverted
2. Idiographic paradigm
* Individuals are unique
* Not possible to describe people using the same terms – Kellys personal construct Theory 1955
3. Psychoanalytical (e.g Freud)
-ID = Primary instinctual drives (pleasure principle)
-EGO = executive control (reality principle)
-SUPEREGO = Moral control (internalised parental values)
4. Social learning
* Personality develops through socialisation
* Reward and punishment (reinforcement)
* Children mimic “models” or behaviour e.g – Bandura 1977
5. Humanistic
* Personality driven by self-development
* Acquisition of knowledge
* Desire to grow e.g Maslow
6. Psychometric
* Development of measures of individual differences e.g Questionaires and tests
*...

...Chapter
4
Individual Differences: Personality, Skills, and Abilities
Chapter Outline
Personality: Its Basic Nature Major Work-Related Aspects of Personality: The “Big Five,” Positive versus Negative Affectivity, and Core Self-Evaluations Additional Work-Related Aspects of Personality Abilities and Skills: Having What It Takes to Succeed
Special Sections
How to Do It Increasing Self-Efficacy Among Employees OB In a Diverse World Achievement Motivation and Economic Growth Around the World OB Making Sense Out of Common Sense Is Job Performance Linked to Cognitive Intelligence?
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Define personality and describe its role in the study of organizational behavior. Identify the Big Five dimensions of personality and elements of core self-evaluations and describe how they are related to key aspects of organizational behavior. Distinguish between positive and negative affectivity and describe its effects on organizational behavior. Describe achievement motivation and distinguish among learning, performance, and avoidance goal orientations. Describe Machiavellianism and the difference between morning and evening persons and their role in work-related behavior. Differentiate among cognitive intelligence, emotional intelligence, and practical intelligence and explain their influences on behavior in...

...Abstract
Handshakes were rated on nine different aspects by examiners and then participants were given a personality test based on the Big Five Factor Model. The handshakes were then compared to the results from the personality tests and scored based on the most dominant features of personality. Those with firm handshakes and good eye contact were found to be more extroverted and more agreeable, were as those with weaker handshakes and less eye contact were more introverted and less open to new experience. The complete results are far more complex and more informative about many types of handshakes and the personalities that belong to the people giving them. The results show a considerable correlation between the handshake someone gives, and their personality.
Keywords: Big Five Factor Model, handshakes, personality
Handshakes and Personality
The beginning of the handshake predates written history, making a definite explanation impossible. Many stories exist to explain the origin, ranging from comedic to spiritual. The most plausible explanation comes from the medieval times, where the open right hand indicated you were not carrying a weapon. If two men met and displayed empty right hands, they could assume they would not be attacked by the other (Varley, 2009).
In everyday American life, people are constantly greeting one another in many different fashions. In the...

...Personality development theory
This paper will serve as a fact sheet and will answer questions pertaining to the gene environment and interaction influence personalities, personality expressions in cultures, twin studies, temperament, and the characteristics of constancy over a period of time. The term personality was originated from a specific place and is exponentially more complex although there are some assumptions when developing theories on personality alone.
Any type of behaviors that are produced by a conscious choice is known as a free will or forces that are deemed as determined by a person’s control. In my opinion, free will expressions are contrary to the power to choose their actions and the extremity of influence in factors of heredity is none other than influenced by environmental factors. The term personality was originated from a specific place and is exponentially more complex although there are some assumptions when developing theories on personality alone. These factors are learned behaviors in which plays a significant role in the predetermined role of personality traits. For instance; if I do not follow good eating techniques I am most likely to contract high blood pressure and diabetes like my grandparents, aunts and uncles or possibly heart disease like my mother. For these reasons it can definitely be assumed that we as human beings...

...Introduction to Personality
L. Michelle Cloud
University of Phoenix
Introduction to Personality
Every individual person has a personality. This personality is also unique in every person, and is influenced by such things as the environment and his or her genetics. Personality theorists use theoretical approaches when attempting to define and understand personalities. Speculation, hypotheses, and taxonomy help bring together the facts about personality, and give one a better understanding of why people behave the way they do. Theories also present factors that can influence one’s personality development through the various stages of life. While there may be some traits or characteristics that people have in common, each person will take those traits and characteristics and develop unique and individual personalities.
Definition of PersonalityPersonality is defined as being a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give reliability and individuality to one’s behavior (Feist & Feist, 2009). Each individual’s personality is a unique combination of traits and characteristics that provide consistency and stability in his or her behaviors over a period of time (Feist & Feist, 2009). Personalities can be similar, but even identical twins have unique...