Polymer lens almost identical to human eye lens

CLEVELAND – A multilayered polymer gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens inspired by the human eye could one day provide a more natural alternative to implantable eye lenses and consumer vision products.

The work, conducted by scientists at Case Western Reserve University, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, the US Naval Research Laboratory and PolymerPlus, provides a new material approach for fabricating synthetic polymer lenses. Using a multilayer-film coextrusion technique – a common method used for producing multilayer structures – the team stacked thousands of nanoscale layers, each with a slightly different refractive index. These layers were laminated and shaped into GRIN optics.

Fabricated lens images (a and d) and measured geometry surface profiles (b/c and e/f) of the aspheric anterior and posterior bio-inspired human eye GRIN lenses. Images courtesy of Optics Express.
In GRIN, light gets refracted by varying degrees as it passes through a lens or other transparent material. In contrast, traditional lenses such as optical telescopes and microscopes bend light one way or another using their surface shape or single index of refraction.

Current-generation intraocular replacement lenses, like those used to treat cataracts, use their shape to focus light to a precise prescription, similar to glasses and contacts. Such lenses never achieve the same performance of natural lenses because they lack the ability to incrementally change the refraction of light. This single-refraction replacement lens can create aberrations and other unwanted optical effects.

“The human eye is a GRIN lens,” said Michael Ponting, polymer scientist and president of PolymerPlus, an Ohio-based Case Western Reserve spinoff. “As light passes from the front of the human eye lens to the back, light rays are refracted by varying degrees. It’s a very efficient means of controlling the pathway of light without relying on complicated optics, and one that we attempted to mimic.”

Comparison plot of experimentally measured and simulated wavefront for as built bio-inspired aspheric posterior lenses. a-b, Measured (a) and numerical simulated (b) wavefront of aspheric posterior GRIN lens. c-d, Measured (c) and numerical simulated (d) wavefront of aspheric posterior PMMA reference lens. Vertical axis in units of waves (633 nm). Planar values are unit less measures of aperture across the wavefront sensor.
The lens design was previously created by scientists at the University of Granada, in Spain, and Advanced Medical Optics for aging human eyes, but the technology did not exist to replicate the gradual evolution of refraction.

The new approach, modeled on nature’s example, produces a lens that gradually varies its refractive index. It also provides the freedom to stack any combination of the nanolayered films, enabling the fabrication of GRIN optics previously unattainable through other methods.

“Applying naturally occurring material architectures, similar to those found in the layers of butterfly wing scales, human tendons and even in the human eye, to multilayered plastic systems has enabled discoveries and products with enhanced mechanical strength, novel reflective properties and optics with enhanced power,” Ponting said.

The research was published in Optics Express. GRIN optics may find use in miniaturized medical imaging devices or implantable lenses. The technology could also enable optical systems with fewer components such as ground- and aerial-based military surveillance products. It has moved from Case Western Reserve’s research lab to PolymerPlus for commercialization.

The technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. The science includes light emission, transmission, deflection, amplification and detection by optical components and instruments, lasers and other light sources, fiber optics, electro-optical instrumentation, related hardware and electronics, and sophisticated systems. The range of applications of photonics extends from energy generation to detection to communications and...