Hybridization among species is reportedly common, although molecular studies on Chinese populations of Sonneratia ×gulngai and S. ×hainanensis concluded that these species exist only as repeatedly produced F1 hybrids. No evidence of F2 backcrossing or intercrossing among the hybrids led to the conclusion that S. ×gulngai and S. ×hainanensis should not be considered true hybrid species (see Zhou et al., Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 35: 595-601. 2005).

Nine species (including three natural hybrid species): mangrove communities from E Africa to Indo-Malesia, Australia, New Guinea, and the W Pacific islands; six species (one endemic, one introduced) in China.