第7章 企業目錄

用語

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Demand response (DR) is a concept that harkens back to the 1970s, when it was first employed in the United States. At that time, DR was implemented as a component of the energy conservation focus of demand-side management (DSM) programs to encourage consumers to use less electricity during peak hours or to shift their energy use to off-peak times. Utilities have offered interruptible rates to commercial and industrial (C&I) customers for many years.

Since 2010, C&I DR programs have matured in the electricity market and have been afforded the opportunity to bid directly against generation. However, they have also fallen under greater scrutiny. As DR has become a larger part of the resource base, regulators and other market participants are calling for tighter requirements to ensure reliable operations and efficient markets. There are general economic market factors, like low natural gas prices and coal and nuclear retirements, that affect the growth path of DR, as well. Currently, almost all of the C&I DR activity is taking place in the United States. This leadership position is expected to erode over the next 10 years, though, as all world regions continue or start the pilot phase of DR and then build out full-scale markets or programs. According to Navigant Research, global C&I DR capacity is expected to grow from 26.8 GW in 2014 to 132.3 GW in 2023.

This Navigant Research report examines the C&I DR market in five major geographic regions. The study provides an analysis of the major market drivers and barriers, as well as global market players and dynamics, associated with C&I DR. Global market forecasts for C&I DR capacity, sites, and revenue, broken out by segment and region, extend through 2023. The report also examines the key technologies related to C&I DR, as well as the competitive landscape.

Key Questions Addressed:

What market drivers are incentivizing commercial and industrial (C&I) demand response (DR) to expand in the United States and abroad

What factors may inhibit global C&I DR expansion

What new technologies are enabling C&I DR to increase its penetration in the market

Who are the major competitors in the C&I DR arenas

How fast will C&I DR grow in various regions around the world through 2023

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

1.1. Introduction to Commercial and Industrial Demand Response

1.2. DR Market Drivers and Barriers

1.3. Technology Evolution in the DR Market

1.4. DR Market Size and Forecast

2. Market Issues

2.1. History and Evolutionary Path of Demand Response in the United States