In Japan, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center (IDSC) of National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) is notified the results of isolation/detection of infectious agents from prefectural and municipal public health institutes (PHIs). Their information are based on the laboratory identification done by PHIs for the specimens collected at sentinel clinics/ hospitals under the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases (NESID), occasionally at non-sentinel sites and at health centers (Reference figure).