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The signatures of the onset of deconfinement, found by the NA49 experiment at low SPS energies, are confronted with new results from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at BNL RHIC and CERN LHC results. Additionally, new NA49 results on chemical (particle ratio) fluctuations, azimuthal angle fluctuations, intermittency of di-pions, etc. are presented.

Last printed 1/24/2013 10:50:00 AM Page 1 of 12 Last printed 1/24/2013 10:50:00 AM Page 1 of 12 Part 1. NA-00/NA-10/NA-15 Input Annual Workforce Analysis and Staffing Plan Report As of December 31, 2012 Reporting Offices: NNSA NA-10 HQ (including NA-15 inputs) and NA-00 (while transitioning to new organizational structure) Section One: Current Mission(s) of the Organization and Potential Changes NNSA Mission: To strengthen United States security through the military application of nuclear energy. NNSA Vision: To be an integrated nuclear security enterprise operating an efficient and agile nuclear weapons complex, recognized as preeminent in technical leadership and program management. Organizational Changes: NNSA is in the final phase of another re-organization that will split NA- 10 and establish an independent office, NA-00, to oversee the NNSA sites and other non-weapons-

Improved Equations For Na-K, Na-Li And Sio2 Geothermometers By Outlier Improved Equations For Na-K, Na-Li And Sio2 Geothermometers By Outlier Detection And Rejection Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: New Improved Equations For Na-K, Na-Li And Sio2 Geothermometers By Outlier Detection And Rejection Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: We present new improved equations for three still widely used Na/K, Na/Li and SiO2 geothermometers (obtained by statistical treatment of the data and application of outlier detection and rejection as well as theory of error propagation) and compare them with those by Fournier and others. New equations are also developed for estimating errors associated with the use of these new geothermometric equations and comparing them with the performance of the original equations. The errors in the use of the new

proposed by one of the authors (Williams), originating from the Na magneto-optic filter in solar-edge magneto-optic fil- ter (Na-DEMOF). It has advantages over the FPIs and iodine filters because of its magnetic field across the Na cell causes the Zeeman splitting of Na energy levels, which shifts

Propagation of heat pulses in NaF has been studied to higher temperatures in a purer crystal than studied by McNelly et al. At the highest temperatures the second-sound velocity fails to level off at the theoretically predicted limiting value.

master's degree NaNotechNology When choosing a Master's programme, it is wise to look one step topical, incorporating the latest developments in applied physics, nanotechnology, chemical engineering projects will be carried out at the MESA+ institute for nanotechnology, or the MIRA institute

The results of an extended calculation of the normal modes of the NaF lattice are presented. Three models have been considered: a "rigid-ion" (RI) model, a "deformation-dipole" model with central F--F- short-range interactions (DDNNN), and a "deformation-dipole" model including both central F--F- interactions and a noncentral component in the first-neighbor, short-range interactions [DDNNN(NC)]. For each of these models we have derived frequency spectra for both 300 and 0°K input parameters, the associated dispersion curves for symmetry directions, Debye characteristic temperatures ?D, moment functions ?D(n), and the Na+ and F- Debye-Waller parameters B1 and B2 and their ratio B1B2. Of the three models, the two DD variations give good agreement with the observed dispersion curves, the DDNNN models being slightly better and giving somewhat closer agreement with the observed B values.

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We summarize the status and plans for the 2015 run for the CERN NA63 collaboration. First, we review the motivation for our proposed experiments with the scheduled Ar18+ beam of Feb/Mar 2015. We also show some slightly updated versions of our calculations that better reflect the experimental situation. Then we turn to a detailed description of the detector setup, focusing on the deployment of the MIMOSA detectors.

The high-frequency exponential wing of the reststrahlen band of NaF is decomposed into a number of N-phonon absorption spectra (N=2,3,4,5) by means of a temperature analysis. Overall agreement of the individual spectra with recent theoretical predictions is good, except for a fairly pronounced structure which indicates particularly strong contributions from certain frequencies of the TO and LO phonon branches.

In this study, the potential use of nanotechnology was evaluated to improve the thermal properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF). For this, Na+ montmorillonite (NaMMT) nanoclay was added to urea formaldehyde...

Comparative studies of etching mechanisms of CR-39 in NaOH/H2O and NaOH/ethanol K.C.C. Tse, D Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Available online 13 May 2007 Abstract The bulk etch rate for CR-39 in NaOH/ethanol accumulates on the surface of CR-39 detector during etching in NaOH/ethanol, which is absent during etching

We report measurements of the Na23(n,p) differential cross section at an incident energy of 198 MeV and angles from 0° to 24° using the TRIUMF Charge Exchange Facility. From these data we determine Gamow-Teller (GT) transition probabilities to low lying 1/2+, 3/2+, and 5/2+ Ne23 states and the GT+ strength distribution up to 25 MeV excitation energy. The values of BGT+ to discrete states, and the GT+ strength below 10 MeV, are found to be in reasonable agreement with a full 1s-0d shell model calculation with a normalization factor of about 0.74. The GT+ strength above 10 MeV suggests the removal of strength from lower to higher excitation energies. We also compare the Na23(n,p) data with Na23(?-,?) data and find agreement between the values of BGT+ to discrete levels extracted from the (n,p) and (?-,?) reactions. The general consistency of the (n,p) and (?-,?) data, and the full 1s-0d shell model calculation, give confidence in a recent extraction of the weak pseudoscalar coupling from ?- capture on Na23. Finally, using both ?--decay and ?- capture data, we obtain unit cross sections from the Na23(n,p) measurement.

The partial pressure of sodium nitrite was measured in the system NaNO2-NaNO3...at temperatures of 798, 823, and 848 K and the logarithm of the NaNO2 pressure was obtained as a function of inverse temperature. Th...

The infrared absorption in NaF at the two CO2 laser wavelengths 10.6 and 9.3 ?m was measured between 4 and 400 K. The results complement the previously measured absorption for higher temperatures, and allow for a detailed comparison with theoretical predictions. The experimental temperature dependence at 10.6 ?m can be excellently fitted by a curve expected for three-phonon processes in the whole temperature range; the absorption at 9.3 ?m fits a mixture of three- and four-phonon processes.

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We have measured the beta-decay branching ratio for the transition from Na-21 to the first excited state of Ne-21. A recently published test of the standard model, which was based on a measurement of the beta-nu correlation in the decay of Na-21...

frequency generation (VSFG) spectroscopy. Ultrapure (UP) and ACS grade NaCl salts are used for aqueous the interfacial water structure. These results suggest that the alkali salt grade even after pretreatment to many chemical, biochemical, and atmospheric processes.1-8 Particularly, Na+ and K+ , as the two most

or ``ion well'' hy- pothesis. There are only two ways that net transport can be voltage dependent. Either of the external Na+ and K+ bind- ing sites within the membrane field. This access channel or ``ion well produced by applying a blocking Key words: Na,K-ATPase -- Membrane potential -- Access channel -- Ion well

Classical novae are potential sources of gamma-rays, like the 1.275 MeV gamma emission following 22Na beta decay, that could be detected by appropriate instruments on board of future satellites like INTEGRAL. It has been shown that the production of 22Na by novae is affected by the uncertainty on the 21Na(p,gamma)22Mg rate and in particular by the unknown partial widths of the Ex = 5.714 MeV, J^pi = 2^+, 22Mg level. To reduce these uncertainties, we performed shell model calculations with the OXBASH code, compared the results with available spectroscopic data and calculated the missing partial widths. Finally, we discuss the influence of these results on the 21Na(p,gamma)22Mg reaction rate and 22Na synthesis.

The 1000-Hz 300°K dielectric constants of some alkali halides were measured to an accuracy of 0.01% by the method of substitution. Reproducibly different values for various crystals of the same type were obtained which varied beyond the experimental error. The ranges of results for various crystals of each type measured are LiF, 9.0355-9.0360; NaF, 5.0719-5.0722; NaCl, 5.8940-5.8956; NaBr, 6.3957-6.3974; KCl, 4.8112-4.8182; and KBr, 4.8735-4.8762. The spread for each type of crystal is thought to be attributable to random trace impurities. The numbers are discussed in the light of past values.

ON RACK COHOMOLOGY P. ETINGOF & M. GRA"NA Abstract.We prove that the lower bounds for Betti numbers of the rack, qu-theoretical interpretation of t* *he second cohomology group for racks. 1.Introduction

Darkening of large arrays of NaI used in high energy physics experiments at SLAC has prompted an investigation of methods for annealing radiation damage. As part of this research, it has been necessary to repolish the flat faces of the NaI crystals. The final polishing parameters are given in this document as well as an indication of some techniques which did not work.

A nuclear magnetic double resonance experiment has been performed to measure the high-field first-order quadrupole splittings of Na23 nuclei located in the vicinity of Li+ substitutional impurities in a single crystal of NaF. The observed quadrupole-shifted frequency of those Na23 nuclei located at (1,0,1)-type sites [relative to the Li+ impurity at the (0,0,0) lattice site] was e2qQh=±(544±10) kHz with an asymmetry parameter ?=0.65±0.05. For those Na23 nuclei at (0,0,2)-type sites, e2qQh=±(856±10) kHz with ?=0. The values of eq and ? thus obtained are compared with theoretical calculations. A mathematical analysis of the high-field double resonance process as it applies to rare, quadrupole-interacting nuclei is also presented.

Large scale second order perturbation theory and couple cluster theory calculations were performed on the Na+(ethylene) and Na+(benzene) complexes in an effort to estimate binding enthalpies in the complete basis set limit. The resulting best estimates are DH0[Na+(ethylene)] = -13.7 ? 0.2 kcal/mol and DH0[Na+(benzene)] = -23.9 ? 0.3 kcal/mol, which include small corrections for core/valence correlation effects. The former value can be compared to a measurement of -10.3 ? 1.0 kcal/mol obtained from collision induced dissociation, while the latter value is approximately midway between the two existing experimental values which differed by 6.5 kcal/mol. For the basis sets considered in this study, the counterpoise-corrected binding energies were found to be in much worse agreement with the complete basis set limit than the raw values.

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8NA28091 8NA28091 [Submit in Volume I, TAB 2] Attachment L-1 Page 1 of 4 CORPORATE, PARTNERSHIP, JOINT VENTURE CERTIFICATES If the offer is submitted by a corporation, partnership or a Joint Venture, the applicable form provided on the following pages must be completed and submitted in Volume I of the proposal. In the alternative, other evidence must be submitted to substantiate the authority of the person signing the offer. If a corporation, the same officer shall not execute both the offer and the certificate. DE-RP52-08NA28091 [Submit in Volume I, TAB 2] Attachment L-1 Page 2 of 4 CORPORATE CERTIFICATE I, _______________________________________________, certify that I am the Secretary of the

We present measurements of the total elastic and resonant charge-exchange ion-atom collision rate coefficient $k_\\mathrm{ia}$ of cold sodium (\\ce{Na}) with optically-dark low energy \\ce{Na+} ions in a hybrid ion-neutral trap. To determine $k_\\mathrm{ia}$, we measured the trap loading and loss from both a \\ce{Na} magneto-optical trap (MOT) and a linear radio frequency quadrupole Paul trap. We found the total rate coefficient to be $7.4 \\pm 1.9 \\times 10^{-8}$ cm$^3$/s for the type I \\ce{Na} MOT immersed within an $\\approx 140$ K ion cloud and $1.10 \\pm 0.25 \\times 10^{-7}$ cm$^3$/s for the type II \\ce{Na} MOT within an $\\approx 1070$ K ion cloud. Our measurements show excellent agreement with previously reported theoretical fully quantal \\textit{ab initio} calculations. In the process of determining the total rate coefficient, we demonstrate that a MOT can be used to probe an optically dark ion cloud's spatial distribution within a hybrid trap.

The $^{18}$Ne($\\alpha$,$p$)$^{21}$Na reaction is thought to be one of the key breakout reactions from the hot CNO cycles to the rp-process in type I x-ray bursts. In this work, the resonant properties of the compound nucleus $^{22}$Mg have been investigated by measuring the resonant elastic scattering of $^{21}$Na+$p$. An 89 MeV $^{21}$Na radioactive beam delivered from the CNS Radioactive Ion Beam Separator bombarded an 8.8 mg/cm$^2$ thick polyethylene (CH$_{2}$)$_{n}$ target. The $^{21}$Na beam intensity was about 2$\\times$10$^{5}$ pps, with a purity of about 70% on target. The recoiled protons were measured at the center-of-mass scattering angles of $\\theta_{c.m.}$$\\approx$175.2${^\\circ}$, 152.2${^\\circ}$, and 150.5${^\\circ}$ by three sets of $\\Delta E$-$E$ telescopes, respectively. The excitation function was obtained with the thick-target method over energies $E_x$($^{22}$Mg)=5.5--9.2 MeV. In total, 23 states above the proton-threshold in $^{22}$Mg were observed, and their resonant parameters were determined via an $R$-matrix analysis of the excitation functions. We have made several new $J^{\\pi}$ assignments and confirmed some tentative assignments made in previous work. The thermonuclear $^{18}$Ne($\\alpha$,$p$)$^{21}$Na rate has been recalculated based on our recommended spin-parity assignments. The astrophysical impact of our new rate has been investigated through one-zone postprocessing x-ray burst calculations. We find that the $^{18}$Ne($\\alpha$,$p$)$^{21}$Na rate significantly affects the peak nuclear energy generation rate, reaction fluxes, as well as the onset temperature of this breakout reaction in these astrophysical phenomena.

The velocity of drifting second sound and the heat capacity per unit volume are calculated for NaF for temperatures from 0 to 40 °K. The velocity of second sound decreases by 24% as the temperature is increased from 10 to 30 °K, because of the dispersion of the phonon frequency spectrum.

The Modular Neutron Array (MoNA) was used in conjunction with a large-gap dipole magnet (Sweeper) to measure neutron-unbound states in oxygen isotopes close to the neutron dripline. While no excited states were observed in 24O, a resonance at 45(2) keV above the neutron separation energy was observed in 23O.

The $^{18}$Ne($\\alpha$,$p$)$^{21}$Na reaction is thought to be one of the key breakout reactions from the hot CNO cycles to the rp-process in type I x-ray bursts. In this work, the resonant properties of the compound nucleus $^{22}$Mg have been investigated by measuring the resonant elastic scattering of $^{21}$Na+$p$. An 89 MeV $^{21}$Na radioactive beam delivered from the CNS Radioactive Ion Beam Separator bombarded an 8.8 mg/cm$^2$ thick polyethylene (CH$_{2}$)$_{n}$ target. The $^{21}$Na beam intensity was about 2$\\times$10$^{5}$ pps, with a purity of about 70% on target. The recoiled protons were measured at the center-of-mass scattering angles of $\\theta_{c.m.}$$\\approx$175.2${^\\circ}$, 152.2${^\\circ}$, and 150.5${^\\circ}$ by three sets of $\\Delta E$-$E$ telescopes, respectively. The excitation function was obtained with the thick-target method over energies $E_x$($^{22}$Mg)=5.5--9.2 MeV. In total, 23 states above the proton-threshold in $^{22}$Mg were observed, and their resonant parameters were determ...

Nitrogen and phosphorus atoms enclosed in fullerenes keep their atomic ground-state configuration, and no charge transfer or covalent bonding to the cage occurs. These systems can be dissolved in organic solvents and reacted with addends without losing the atomic character of the guest atom. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the annealing behavior of NaC60, NaC70, PaC60, and of some NaC60 adducts. The disintegration of these systems, as recorded by electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, occurs in the temperature range between 400 K and 600 K. The results are in qualitative agreement with potential energy calculations and confirm the proposed escape mechanism that proceeds via bond formation of the trapped atom with the cage. It is found that other combinations of group-V elements with fullerenes, e.g., NaC84, PaC70, and AsaC60 are not stable at room temperature. The escape mechanism and the possibility of disabling this path are discussed.

Adsorptive removal of tetrahydrothiophene (THT) and tert-butylmercaptan (TBM) that are widely used sulfur odorants in pipeline natural gas was studied using AgNa-Y zeolites at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. The AgNa-Y were obtained via Ag+-exchange with Na+ of Na-Y at various exchange levels, and the contributions of formed adsorption sites (Ag+, Na+, Ag0, H+, and Ag2O) in the THT and TBM adsorption uptake and selectivity were characterized. THT adsorption strength on these sites followed an order of Ag+ > Na+ ? Ag0 > H+ > Ag2O. The adsorption strength of THT on Na+ sites was sufficiently high, thus an increase in the Ag+-exchange level did not lead to a notable increase in the breakthrough THT uptake. Differently, adsorption of TBM on Na+ sites was weak, whereas that on Ag+ sites was strong. This resulted in a marked increase in the breakthrough TBM uptake with an increase in the Ag+-exchange level, showing an order of magnitude higher uptake on AgNa-Y compared with that on Na-Y. Noticeably, the adsorption strength of THT on these adsorption sites was higher than that of TBM. This resulted in an almost 100% adsorption selectivity for THT over TBM, when these two sulfur species coexisted in the feed stream.

The Na/KATPase is a membrane-bound enzyme system found in all eucaryotic cells. This enzyme regulates Na and K concentrations and energy metabolism, as well as controlling the transport of other cellular cons...

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The instantaneous rate of efflux of intracellular Na was studied in rabbit isolated cortical collecting tubules (CCT) as a function of temperature and intracellular Na concentration ((Na){sub i}). (Na){sub i} of microdissected CCT was increased by cold and K-free exposure in the presence of {sup 22}Na and the extracellular tracer ({sup 3}H)sorbitol. (Na){sub i} rose rapidly to 40 mM at 30 min, after which it rose more slowly, reaching 120-140 mM at 6 h. Kinetics of Na efflux were studied after rapid rewarming, using a special device allowing measurements at 20-s intervals. Under control conditions, the total Na load was extruded in <8 min, whereas, in the presence of 10{sup {minus}4} M ouabain, only 50% of the load was extruded during this period of time. Ouabain-sensitive Na efflux was first evident at 13{degree}C and gradually increased between 13 and 35{degree}C. At 37{degree}C, Na{sup +}-K{sup +}-ATPase-dependent Na efflux was dependent on (Na){sub i}. This efflux gradually increased, from 0.05 to 0.5 peq{center dot}nl tubular volume{sup {minus}1}{center dot}s{sup {minus}1} as a function of (Na){sub i} and reached a plateau at 70 mM (Na){sub i}. It is concluded that (Na){sub i} is a major modulator of the pump activity in CCT; at normal levels of (Na){sub i}, the pump is operating at only a small fraction of its total capacity.

This report presents the results of a 5-day test of an electrochemical bench-scale apparatus using a proprietary (NAS-GY) material formulation of a (Na) Super Ion Conductor (NaSICON) membrane in a Large Area NaSICON Structures (LANS) configuration. The primary objectives of this work were to assess system performance, membrane seal integrity, and material degradation while removing Na from Group 5 and 6 tank waste from the Hanford Site.

A weak intensity emission, centered at 785 m?, is identified as the F photoluminescence in NaF. The temperature dependence of photoionization and photoluminescence of F centers is investigated. Two thermal activation energies are found: ?EL=0.06 eV for the photoluminescence, and ?E1=0.12 eV for the photoionization efficiency. The nature of the quenching mechanism of the F luminescence is discussed.

The production of long-lived radioactive isotopes in materials due to the exposure to cosmic rays on Earth surface can be an hazard for experiments demanding ultra-low background conditions, typically performed deep underground. Production rates of cosmogenic isotopes in all the materials present in the experimental set-up, as well as the corresponding cosmic rays exposure history, must be both well known in order to assess the relevance of this effect in the achievable sensitivity of a given experiment. Although NaI(Tl) scintillators are being used in experiments aiming at the direct detection of dark matter since the first nineties of the last century, very few data about cosmogenic isotopes production rates have been published up to date. In this work we present data from two 12.5 kg NaI(Tl) detectors, developed in the frame of the ANAIS project, which were installed inside a convenient shielding at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory just after finishing surface exposure to cosmic rays. The very fast start of data taking allowed to identify and quantify isotopes with half-lives of the order of tens of days. Initial activities underground have been measured and then production rates at sea level have been estimated following the history of detectors; values of about a few tens of nuclei per kg and day for Te isotopes and 22Na and of a few hundreds for I isotopes have been found. These are the first direct estimates of production rates of cosmogenic nuclides in NaI crystals. A comparison of the so deduced rates with calculations using typical cosmic neutron flux at sea level and a carefully selected description of excitation functions will be also presented together with an estimate of the corresponding contribution to the background at low and high energies, which can be relevant for experiments aiming at rare events searches.

The SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT) is an EUV-wavelength mask inspection microscope designed for direct aerial image measurements, and pre-commercial EUV mask research. Operating on a synchrotron bending magnet beamline, the AIT uses an off-axis Fresnel zoneplate lens to project a high-magnification EUV image directly onto a CCD camera. We present the results of recent system upgrades that have improved the imaging resolution, illumination uniformity, and partial coherence. Benchmarking tests show image contrast above 75% for 100-nm mask features, and significant improvements and across the full range of measured sizes. The zoneplate lens has been replaced by an array of user-selectable zoneplates with higher magnification and NA values up to 0.0875, emulating the spatial resolution of a 0.35-NA 4 x EUV stepper. Illumination uniformity is above 90% for mask areas 2-{micro}m-wide and smaller. An angle-scanning mirror reduces the high coherence of the synchrotron beamline light source giving measured {sigma} values of approximately 0.125 at 0.0875 NA.

The SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT) is an EUV-wavelength mask inspection microscope designed for direct aerial image measurements, and pre-commercial EUV mask research. Operating on a synchrotron bending magnet beamline, the AIT uses an off-axis Fresnel zoneplate lens to project a high-magnification EUV image directly onto a CCD camera. We present the results of recent system upgrades that have improved the imaging resolution, illumination uniformity, and partial coherence. Benchmarking tests show image contrast above 75% for 100-nm mask features, and significant improvements and across the full range of measured sizes. The zoneplate lens has been replaced by an array of user-selectable zoneplates with higher magnification and NA values up to 0.0875, emulating the spatial resolution of a 0.35-NA 4x EUV stepper. Illumination uniformity is above 90% for mask areas 2-{micro}m-wide and smaller. An angle-scanning mirror reduces the high coherence of the synchrotron beamline light source giving measured {sigma} values of approximately 0.125 at 0.0875 NA.

All adsorbents were crunched and sieved to ?1.001.25 mm adsorbent granularity used in the experiments. ... NaCl vapor was adsorbed at 1123 K for 5 h by each adsorbent. ... In the presence of chemical adsorption Na+ and Cl? would selectively adsorb and Na+ and Cl? would exist with a different molecule. ...

mTOR Regulates Lysosomal ATP-Sensitive Two-Pore Na+ Channels to Adapt to Metabolic State Chunlei cytosolic ATP levels is not well understood. Here, we identify an endolysosomal ATP-sensitive Na+ channel (lysoNaATP). The channel is a complex formed by two-pore channels (TPC1 and TPC2), ion channels

I r' 2.2 fhm l diameter. The collimators were separated by 5 mm and the second one was located 1.6 mm from the catcher foil. Five catcher foils were attached to a foil holder assembly (see Fig. 1) with a spac- ing of 72' between each foil...-jet technique through a Teflon capillary 1.78 mm in diameter and ~3 m long. The experimental geometry is shown in Fig. 1. The source was produced by depositing the "Na activity on 0.0064 mm aluminized Mylar catcher foils. The source size was defined by a...

Bulk and track etch properties of CR-39 SSNTD etched in NaOH/ethanol K.F. Chan, F.M.F. Ng, D. described the use of NaOH/ethanol as an etchant for the CR-39 detector, and have determined the corre and track etch properties of CR- 39 in NaOH/ethanol were derived from direct measurements. The bulk etch

Determination of the composition of H2 O-NaCl-CaCl2 fluid inclusions based on microthermometric fluids in which NaCl and CaCl2 are the two most abundant salts and which may be adequately described by the system H2 O-NaCl-CaCl2 are common in many geologic environments. The best source of information

2 2 Reporting Office: NNSA NA-40 Section One - Current Mission (s) of the Organization and Potential Changes. 1. The Office of Emergency Operations (NA-40) administers and directs DOE and NNSA programs for emergency response capabilities to ensure availability and viability to respond to emergencies at DOE and NNSA facilities and field sites, and to nuclear and radiological emergencies within the United States and abroad. NA-40 is also responsible for the development of Departmental policy and guidance, technical assistance, and supporting implementation of emergency management planning, preparedness, readiness assurance, and response activities within DOE and NNSA. 2. NA-40 has no nuclear or radiological facilities under its cognizance; however,

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The Al(111)-(2 × 2)-Na phase formed by adsorption of one-half monolayer Na at 300 K is shown to be a surface alloy. Quantitative agreement is achieved between the results of structure determinations by low energy electron diffraction, surface extended x-ray adsorption fine structure, and total energy calculations. The first four layers of the structure are shown to consist of a Na-Al-Na sandwich on a reconstructed Al substrate layer. It is suggested that the formation of the structure involves surface steps as sources of Al atoms.

High temperature (250-350°C) sodium-beta alumina batteries (NBBs) are attractive energy storage devices for renewable energy integration and other grid related applications. Currently, two technologies are commercially available in NBBs, e.g., sodium-sulfur (Na-S) battery and sodium-metal halide (ZEBRA) batteries. In this study, we investigated the combination of these two chemistries with a mixed cathode. In particular, the cathode of the cell consisted of molten NaAlCl4 as a catholyte and a mixture of Ni, NaCl and Na2S as active materials. During cycling, two reversible plateaus were observed in cell voltage profiles, which matched electrochemical reactions for Na-S and Na-NiCl2 redox couples. An irreversible reaction between sulfur species and Ni was identified during initial charge at 280°C, which caused a decrease in cell capacity. The final products on discharge included Na2Sn with 1< n < 3, which differed from Na2S3 found in traditional Na-S battery. Reduction of sulfur in the mixed cathode led to an increase in overall energy density over ZEBRA batteries. Despite of the initial drop in cell capacity, the mixed cathode demonstrated relatively stable cycling with more than 95% of capacity retained over 60 cycles under 10mA/cm2. Optimization of the cathode may lead to further improvements in battery performance.

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The electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) method is applied to the study of the structure of the F center in NaF. Hyperfine interactions between the F-center electron and a number of the surrounding nuclear shells are presented and compared with the results of earlier experiments and with theory. It is found that the resolved hyperfine structure is not due to the predominance of the first-shell interaction, as has been thought, but it arises from the fortuitous equality of the first- and second-shell isotropic hyperfine interactions. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) absorption measurements of the resolved structure confirms an expected 31-line resolved pattern. The exceptional resolution found in the ENDOR spectrum permits the identification of interactions with nuclei well beyond the eighth shell. Although the samples also contained large numbers of M centers, no evidence for a paramagnetic M center was found in either the EPR or ENDOR spectra.

100R-04-Vol.1-Rev.0 100R-04-Vol.1-Rev.0 August 2004 SAND 2004-3740P Issued by Sandia National Laboratories for NNSA's Office of Advanced Simulation & Computing, NA-114. For more information, contact Dr. Dimitri Kusnezov at dimitri.kusnezov@nnsa.doe.gov ON THE COVER: These experimental images show the evolution of three gaseous cylinders (seeded with a tracer gas) that have been accelerated by a planar shock wave. The flow fields are dominated by vortices created by the shock acceleration, so the swirling red flows are the SF6 gas being entrained by the vortices. The yellow is air. Each photo consists of two snapshots of the flow at two times (with time interval about 200 microseconds). These images are produced by a laser-induced fluorescence technique. In each image the structures are traveling from left to right at speeds of 100 m/s.

State selective single charge exchange n-level cross sections are calculated for collisions of Xe18+ and Xe54+ ions with Na(3s) and Na*(3p) over the energy range of 0.1 to 10.0 keV/amu. The CTMC method is used which includes all two-body interactions. Experimental state-selective cross sections and their corresponding transverse momentum spectra for Xe18+ are found to be in reasonable accord with the calculations.

An inter-atomic potential for Na{sub 2}Ni{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} in the Parrinello- Rahman-Vashishta (PRV) model is parameterized empirically. The potential reproduces variety of structural and transport properties of that material in good agreement with recent experimental results. The study provides fresh insights on the migration channels and mechanism of Na{sup +} in the system.

Born?Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics of the Hydration of Na+ in a Water Cluster ... The hydration of Na+ in a water cluster is studied through all-electron Born?Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. ... The method chosen in the present study was all-electron, density functional theory based, Born?Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD). ...

The electronic structure of Na-adsorbed graphenes formed on the 6H-SiC(0001) substrate was studied using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron photons and ab initio pseudopotential calculations. It was found that the band of the graphenes sensitively changes upon Na adsorption especially at low temperature. With increasing Na dose, the ? band appears to be quickly diffused into the background at 85 K whereas it becomes significantly enhanced with its spectral intensity at room temperature (RT). A new parabolic band centered at k?1.15?Å?1 also forms near Fermi energy with Na at 85 K while no such band was observed at RT. Such changes in the band structure are found to be reversible with temperature. The changes in the ? band of graphene are mainly driven by the Na-induced potential especially at low temperature where the potential becomes periodic due to the crystallized Na overlayer. The new parabolic band turns out to be the ? band of the underlying buffer layer partially filled by the charge transfer from Na adatoms. The increase in the hopping rate of Na adatoms at RT by 5 orders of magnitude prevents such a charge transfer, explaining the absence of the new band at RT.

Application Of An Artificial Neural Network Model To A Na-K Geothermometer Application Of An Artificial Neural Network Model To A Na-K Geothermometer Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Application Of An Artificial Neural Network Model To A Na-K Geothermometer Details Activities (3) Areas (2) Regions (0) Abstract: A new geothermometer model is proposed by applying data obtained from a known Na-K geothermometer to an artificial neural network. In this model, Na and K values were implemented as input signals and geothermometers as the output signal. Multi-layer perceptrons and back propagation were used as training algorithms for the artificial neural network. Reservoir temperatures of some geothermal fields in Turkey determined by this method are in accord with those determined from other methods.

Electrodialysis was investigated for cost-effective recovery of salt from salt cake leach solutions. (Salt cake is a waste stream generated by the aluminum industry during treatment of aluminum drosses and scrap.) We used a pilot-scale electrodialysis stack of 5 membrane pairs, each with an effective area of 0.02 m{sup 2}. The diluate stream contained synthetic NaCl, KCl,mixtures of NaCl and KCl, and actual salt cake leach solutions (mainly NaCl and KCl, with small amounts of MgCl{sub 2}). We concentrated and precipitated NaCl and KCl salts from the concentrate steam when the initial diluate stream concentration was 21.5 to 28.8 wt% NaCl and KCl. We found that water transferring through the membranes was a significant factor in overall efficiency of salt recovery by electrodialysis.

The NA60 experiment has studied low-mass muon pair production in In-In collisions at 158 AGeV with unprecedented precision. Thus, there is hope that the in-medium modifications of the vector meson spectral function can be constrained more thoroughly than from previous experiments. Towards this goal, we present a study comparing different models for the in-medium modification of vector mesons. In particular, we investigate what can be learned about collisional broadening by a medium at finite temperature and baryon density and what model independent constraints can be obtained from the data. Of special relevance is a comparison to $p_T$-cuts of the dilepton spectra. Those not only provide independent tests of the evolution model and $p_T$-dependence of the spectral function but also unambiguously decide if the observed yield in the higher mass spectrum $M > 1 {\\rm GeV}$ is mainly due to the hot phase of the evolution or four pion annihilation processes.

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The authors examined the effect of phosphonoformic acid (PFA) and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) upon Na -P/sub i/ cotransport in brush-border membrane (BBM) from small gut of rat. Both PFA and PAA inhibited the Na gradient-dependent uptake of TSP/sub i/ by BBM vesicles (BBMV) prepared from intestinal mucosa but had no effect on Na -dependent uptakes of D-(TH)glucose, L-(TH)proline, or ( UC)succinate. The uptake in the absence of Na gradient, or uptake at equilibrium period (180 min), was not affected by PFA or by PAA. A chemical analogue of PFA and PAA, phosphonopropionic acid, had only a minor inhibitory effect and phenylphosphonic acid was inactive. Neither PFA nor PAA influenced the activity of rat intestinal BBM alkaline phosphatase. The BBMV from rat jejunum had a much higher capacity for Na gradient-dependent uptake of TSP/sub i/ than BBMV from duodenum or ileum. The inhibition of BBMV TSP/sub i/ transport across rat jejunum by PFA is competitive. They suggest that PFA and PAA are specific inhibitors of Na gradient-dependent uptake of P/sub i/ by BBMV from small intestinal mucosa and that they could serve as useful experimental tools for the studies of intestinal Na -P/sub i/ cotransport.

A single-cylinder diesel engine was used to investigate the impact of biodiesel-based Na on emissions control components using specially blended 20% biodiesel fuel (B20). The emissions control components investigated were a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a Cu-zeolite-based NH{sub 3}-SCR (selective catalytic reduction) catalyst, and a diesel particulate filter (DPF). Both light-duty vehicle, DOC-SCR-DPF, and heavy-duty vehicle, DOC-DPF-SCR, emissions control configurations were employed. The accelerated Na aging is achieved by introducing elevated Na levels in the fuel, to represent full useful life exposure, and periodically increasing the exhaust temperature to replicate DPF regeneration. To assess the validity of the implemented accelerated Na aging protocol, engine-aged lean NO{sub x} traps (LNTs), DOCs and DPFs are also evaluated. To fully characterize the impact on the catalytic activity the LNT, DOC and SCR catalysts were evaluated using a bench flow reactor. The evaluation of the aged DOC samples and LNT show little to no deactivation as a result of Na contamination. However, the SCR in the light-duty configuration (DOC-SCR-DPF) was severely affected by Na contamination, especially when NO was the only fed NO{sub x} source. In the heavy-duty configuration (DOC-DPF-SCR), no impact is observed in the SCR NO{sub x} reduction activity. Electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA) reveals that Na contamination on the LNT, DOC, and SCR samples is present throughout the length of the catalysts with a higher concentration on the washcoat surface. In both the long-term engine-aged DPF and the accelerated Na-aged DPFs, there is significant Na ash present in the upstream channels; however, in the engine-aged sample lube oil-based ash is the predominant constituent.

Balancing SoNaR: IPR versus Processing Issues in a 500-Million-Word Written Dutch Reference Corpus included in SoNaR will have its IPR issues settled to the largest extent possible. This data collection lead to the creation of two corpora: a gigaword SoNaR, IPR-cleared for research purposes

membrane Na /K -ATPase, a P-type ion pump, that drives Na ions out of the cell in exchange for K ions (1). The resultant Na gradient serves as the primary energy source for the transport of other ions and metabolites threat to agricultural production worldwide (4, 5). Because of a basic similarity in ion transport

1 Annual Workforce Analysis and Staffing Plan Report Draft as of December 31, 2012 Reporting Office: _NA-26 Office of Fissile Material Disposition at SRS____ Section 1: Current Mission(s) of the Organization and Potential Changes 1. The Office of Fissile Material Disposition (NA-26) is part of the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). NA-26 supports NNSA Strategic Plan Goal #2, "Provide technical leadership to limit or prevent the spread of materials, technology, and expertise relating to weapons of mass destruction; advance the technologies to detect the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction worldwide, and eliminate or secure inventories of surplus materials and infrastructure usable for nuclear weapons." The NA-26 organization focuses on the safe and secure disposition of

......associated with 30 Dor in the Large Magellanic Cloud; for the brightest source in the nebula, namely R136, complementary Na Iions have been made. All sight-lines show complex interstellar profiles with three principal components occurring between +239......

We report on the formation of ultracold weakly bound Feshbach molecules of [superscript 23]Na[superscript 40]K, the first fermionic molecule that is chemically stable in its absolute ground state. The lifetime of the nearly ...

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Eight adhesive formulations were developed using two types of resin by ureaformaldehyde (UF) and melamine-urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins and four levels of sodium montmorillonite (Na+MMT) nanoclay by 0, 2.5, 5, ...

Esophageal desalination is mediated by Na+ , H+ exchanger-2 in the gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta Intestinal water transport Osmoregulation Chloride Esophageal desalination is a crucial step (-subunit), suggesting that esophageal desalination is less flexible in response to osmotic stress than

High-temperature solution calorimetry has been very useful in elucidating the energetics of many oxide materials. Recently, a sodium molybdate melt, 3Na{sub 2}O{center{underscore}dot}4MoO{sub 3}, has been shown to be very effective for nitride calorimetry. This methodology has now been used to determine the energetics of formation of phosphorus oxynitride PON samples and of a series of LiNaPON oxynitride glasses. The magnitude of the energetics of nitrogen/oxygen substitution within PON and LiNaPON glasses has been correctly evaluated by using N-N, O-O, P-N, and P-O bond strengths. The in-situ precipitation of metallic particles from corresponding oxides in LiNaPON glasses has been predicted from high-temperature solution calorimetry results and appropriate thermodynamic cycles. The results constitute the first set of energetic data on nitridophosphates.

Empirical Na-K-Ca Geothermometer For Natural Waters Empirical Na-K-Ca Geothermometer For Natural Waters Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: An Empirical Na-K-Ca Geothermometer For Natural Waters Details Activities (0) Areas (0) Regions (0) Abstract: An empirical method of estimating the last temperature of water-rock interaction has been devised. It is based upon molar Na, K and Ca concentrations in natural waters from temperature environments ranging from 4 to 340Â°C. The data for most geothermal waters cluster near a straight line when plotted as the function vs reciprocal of absolute temperature, where Î is either or depending upon whether the water equilibrated above or below 100Â°C. For most waters tested, the method gives better results than the methods suggested by other workers. The ratio

The binding states of CO on NaX zeolite and RuNaX were investigated by thermal desorption spectroscopy. Desorption peaks centered at around 390, 430, 490, and 520 K were observed from NaX following room-temperature adsorption of CO. The activation energy values corresponding to these peaks were calculated to be 41.4, 45.7, 53.8, and 57.7 kJ mol{sup {minus}1}, respectively. These peaks were also observed in desorption profiles from RuNaX although their temperatures were higher by 10 to 20 K. In addition, the desorption spectra from RuNaX also comprise two high-temperature peaks at around 575 and 640 K. With both the RuNaX and the NaX samples the temperature and relative intensities of the desorption peaks depended on pretreatment conditions and on the lapsed time between CO exposure to the sample and the commencement of programmed heating. Mass spectral analysis revealed that the gas desorbed at 300-500 K consisted mainly of CO while at higher temperatures CO{sub 2} was the main component. The desorption peaks below 500 K are attributed to the release of carbon monoxide from structural and intragranular or intergranular zeolitic pores. Lewis sites on the zeolite surface are found to facilitate activation of CO, resulting in its transformation to CO{sub 2}. The initial adsorption of carbon monoxide in zeolite pores and subsequent diffusion to metal sites leading to its disproportionation/oxidation is found to play an important role in the CO adsorption/desorption process on RuNaX.

In this study, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO{sub 2} with urea in nanocrystalline NaY zeolite was investigated with in situ transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At T=473 K, the reaction rate for urea-SCR of NO{sub 2} in nanocrystalline NaY zeolite was significantly greater than that in commercial NaY zeolite with a larger crystal size. In addition, a dramatic decrease in the concentration of undesirable surface species, including biuret and cyanuric acid, was observed in nanocrystalline NaY compared with commercial NaY after urea-SCR of NO{sub 2} at T=473 K. The increased reactivity for urea-SCR of NO{sub 2} was attributed to silanol groups and extra-framework aluminum species located on the external surface of nanocrystalline NaY. Specifically, NOx storage as nitrate and nitrite on the internal zeolite surface was coupled to reactive deNOx sites on the external surface. Isotopic labeling combined with IR analysis suggest that NN bond formation involved both an N-atom originating from NO{sub 2} and an N-atom originating from urea. This is the first clear example demonstrating that the increased external surface area (up to 40% of total surface area) of nanocrystalline zeolites can be used as a reactive surface with unique active sites for catalysis.

In this study synthesis and characterization of biopolymer/clay biocomposites was aimed using naturally occurring polysaccharide (xylan) as biopolymer and montmorillonite type clay (NaMt). Xylan was extracted from corn cobs via alkaline oxidative treatment. Maximum solubility of xylan was determined as 1% (w/v) in water at room temperature. Thus synthesis was realized following two routes; first NaMt concentration was kept constant at 2.0 × 10?2 g/ml and xylan concentration was changed. Latter xylan concentration was kept constant at 1.0 × 10?2 g/ml and NaMt concentration was changed. Natural xylan, NaMt and biocomposites were examined in terms of their spectral, electrokinetic, rheologic, morphologic and thermal properties. Results showed that lower amounts of xylan interacted with NaMt on the surface, however, when the xylan amount was increased also intercalation of NaMt has occurred. Biocomposites showed better thermal and rheologic behaviors with respect to the starting materials.

The paper aimed at studying the effect of NaF and SnO{sub 2} employed as mineralisers on Portland cement clinker fabrication. In order to do this, the raw mix included in turn 0.5% NaF, 0.5% SnO{sub 2}, and a combination of 0.5% NaF and 0.5% SnO{sub 2}, all expressed as weight percentages of the raw mix. The effects of the presence of NaF and SnO{sub 2} mineralisers on the raw mix were studied by investigations of the loss on ignition at 700 deg. C and 800 deg. C with calculating the corresponding decarbonation ratio of the raw mix, determination of free lime and XRD analysis. NaF was found to have a positive effect both during the decarbonation of the raw mix and during the formation of minerals in clinker. On the other hand, SnO{sub 2} has but a little effect on the decarbonation process. Finally, the combined use of NaF and SnO{sub 2} modifies the kinetics of binding the free lime to the effect of accelerating the process as compared to the separate use of each mineraliser.

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Recent advances in all-reflective diffraction-limited optical systems designed for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography have pushed numerical aperture (NA) values from 0.1 to 0.3, providing Rayleigh resolutions of 27-nm. Worldwide, several high-NA EUV optics are being deployed to serve in the development of advanced lithographic techniques required for EUV lithography, including the creation and testing of new, high-resolution photoresists. One such system is installed on an undulator beamline at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source. Sub{angstrom}-accuracy optical testing and alignment techniques, developed for use with the previous generations of EUV lithographic optical systems, are being extended for use at high NA. Considerations for interferometer design and use are discussed.

A family of inorganic ceramic materials, called sodium (Na) Super Ion Conductors (NaSICON), has been studied at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to investigate their ability to separate sodium from radioactively contaminated sodium salt solutions for treating U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) tank wastes. Ceramatec Inc. developed and fabricated a membrane containing a proprietary NAS-GY material formulation that was electrochemically tested in a bench-scale apparatus with both a simulant and a radioactive tank-waste solution to determine the membrane performance when removing sodium from DOE tank wastes. Implementing this sodium separation process can result in significant cost savings by reducing the disposal volume of low-activity wastes and by producing a NaOH feedstock product for recycle into waste treatment processes such as sludge leaching, regenerating ion exchange resins, inhibiting corrosion in carbon-steel tanks, or retrieving tank wastes.

We have investigated the critical phenomena of the metal-to-insulator (MI) transition of ?-Na0.33V2O5. The critical exponent ? of 0.226(3) and anisotropic diffuse scattering suggest that the MI transition of ?-Na0.33V2O5 is two dimensional in nature and that the dimension of the order parameter is not Ising. The non-Ising-like order parameter indicates that the MI transition is not a simple order-disorder type such as that of ??-NaV2O5 but charge-density-wave like, where the valence at each V site is continuous and the arrangement is modulated. This closely corresponds to the situation predicted by neutron diffraction measurements [Nagai et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74, 1297 (2005)] and NMR measurements [Itoh et al., Phys. Rev. B 74, 054434 (2006)].

Sodium sulfur (NaS) batteries can provide energy storage, real-time dispatch, regulation, frequency response, and other essential services to the power grids. This study presents the technical characteristics, modeling approach, methodologies, and results for providing regulation services in the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) market. Two different scenarios were studied and compared: a scenario without intermittent renewable-energy resource penetration (base case) and a scenario with significant renewable-energy resource penetration (including wind) reaching 20% of CAISOs energy supply. In addition, breakeven cost analyses were developed for four cases. Based on the results of the technical and cost analyses, the opportunities for the NaS battery providing the regulation services are discussed, design improvements for the batterys physical characteristics are recommended, and modifications of the regulation signals sent to NaS batteries are proposed.

ABSTRACT: Sodium metatitanate (Na2TiO3) was successfully synthesized via a solid-state reaction. The Na2TiO3 structure and microstructure were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption. Then, the CO2 chemisorption mechanism on Na2TiO3 was systematically analyzed to determine the influence of temperature. The CO2 chemisorption capacity of Na2TiO3 was evaluated both dynamically and isothermally, and the products were reanalyzed to elucidate the Na2TiO3?CO2 reaction mechanism. Different chemical species (Na2CO3, Na2O, and Na4Ti5O12 or Na16Ti10O28) were identified during the CO2 capture process in Na2TiO3. In addition, some CO2 chemisorption kinetic parameters were determined. The ?H? was found to be 140.9 kJ/mol, to the Na2TiO3?CO2 system, between 600 and 780 °C. Results evidenced that CO2 chemisorption on Na2TiO3 highly depends on the reaction temperature. Furthermore, the experiments were theoretically supported by different thermodynamic calculations. The calculated thermodynamic properties of CO2 capture reactions by (Na2TiO3, Na4Ti5O12, and Na16Ti10O28) sodium titanates were fully investigated.

The liquidus relations in the system NaCl-H{sub 2}O were investigated between 300 and 925C and between 0.4 and 6 kbar for compositions between 27.6 and 100 mol% NaCl by high-pressure differential thermal analysis. The PT slope of the liquidus increases from 10.5C/kbar for a composition with 27.6 mol% NaCl to 20.8C/kbar with 90 mol% NaCl to 21.8C/kbar with pure NaCl. The PT slope of the vapor saturation surface at the composition with 27.6 mol% NaCl is linear over the pressure range investigated and has a slope of 294C/kbar. On the basis of the experiments the composition of the liquids along the NaCl-rich part of the three-phase assemblage halite + liquid + vapor was determined: the liquid composition varies nearly linearly to within 0.5 wt% NaCl at temperatures above 480C, following the expression wt% (NaCl) = 0.1412T (C) - 12.96.

Using a model potential representation combined with a variationally stable method, we present a precise calculation of the electric dipole polarizabilities of the sodium negative ion (Na?). The effective two-electron eigensolutions for Na? are obtained from a hyperspherical coupled-channel calculation. This approach allows efficient error control and insight into the systems properties through one-dimensional potential curves. Our result of 1018.3a.u. for the static dipole polarizability is in agreement with previous calculations and supports our results for the dynamic polarizability, which has scarcely been investigated hitherto.

The most intriguing difference between the two batteries is their respective galvanostatic charging overpotentials: a NaO2 battery exhibits a low overpotential throughout most of its charge, whereas a LiO2 battery has a low initial overpotential that continuously increases to very high voltages by the end of charge. ... Li metal was purchased from FMC, Na metal was purchased from GalliumSource, P50 Avcarb carbon paper was purchased from the Fuel Cell Store, and Whatman glass fiber filters (QM-A grade) were used as the separator. ...

We use density functional theory calculations to characterize the electronic and structural properties of the Tl and Na dopant centers in CsI. We nd that the Tl and Na centers can accept one or two electrons and couple to long-range relaxations in the surrounding crystal lattice to distort strongly off-center to multiple distinct minima, even without a triplet excitation. The long-range distortions are a mechanism to couple to phonon modes in the crystal, and are expected to play an important role in the phonon-assisted transport of polarons in activated CsI and subsequent light emission in this scintillator.

At the end of 2002, the Experimental Breeder Reactor Two (EBR-II) facility became a U.S. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) permitted site, and the RCRA permit1 compelled further treatment of the residual sodium in order to convert it into a less reactive chemical form and remove the by-products from the facility, so that a state of RCRA 'closure' for the facility may be achieved (42 U.S.C. 6901-6992k, 2002). In response to this regulatory driver, and in recognition of project budgetary and safety constraints, it was decided to treat the residual sodium in the EBR-II primary and secondary sodium systems using a process known as 'carbonation.' In early EBR-II post-operation documentation, this process is also called 'passivation.' In the carbonation process (Sherman and Henslee, 2005), the system containing residual sodium is flushed with humidified carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}). The water vapor in the flush gas reacts with residual sodium to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and the CO{sub 2} in the flush gas reacts with the newly formed NaOH to make sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO{sub 3}). Hydrogen gas (H{sub 2}) is produced as a by-product. The chemical reactions occur at the exposed surface of the residual sodium. The NaHCO{sub 3} layer that forms is porous, and humidified carbon dioxide can penetrate the NaHCO{sub 3} layer to continue reacting residual sodium underneath. The rate of reaction is controlled by the thickness of the NaHCO{sub 3} surface layer, the moisture input rate, and the residual sodium exposed surface area. At the end of carbonation, approximately 780 liters of residual sodium in the EBR-II primary tank ({approx}70% of original inventory), and just under 190 liters of residual sodium in the EBR-II secondary sodium system ({approx}50% of original inventory), were converted into NaHCO{sub 3}. No bare surfaces of residual sodium remained after treatment, and all remaining residual sodium deposits are covered by a layer of NaHCO{sub 3}. From a safety standpoint, the inventory of residual sodium in these systems was greatly reduced by using the carbonation process. From a regulatory standpoint, the process was not able to achieve deactivation of all residual sodium, and other more aggressive measures will be needed if the remaining residual sodium must also be deactivated to meet the requirements of the existing environmental permit. This chapter provides a project history and technical summary of the carbonation of EBR-II residual sodium. Options for future treatment are also discussed.

Abstract A new solid electrolyte Na2LiFeTeO6 has been prepared by solid-state reactions in air at 700 °C and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, redox titration and impedance measurements on ceramic samples. It is a new superstructure type of the well-known hexagonal layered P2 type with complete ordering of Li, Fe and Te in octahedral brucite-like layers: orthorhombic, P212121, a = 5.2109(1), b = 8.9791(2), c = 11.2389(2) Å, Z = 4. At room temperature, sodium ions in the interlayer gap are concentrated in two of the six non-equivalent trigonal prisms; at elevated temperatures, they exhibit high ionic conductivity, e.g., 4 S/m at 300 °C. Orthorhombic distortion decreases on heating, presumably due to sodium movement, and vanishes at ca. 400 °C giving rise to the hexagonal Na2Co2TeO6-type structure. Analogous Na2LiRTeO6 (R = Al or Ga), Na2LiFeWO6, Na2Mn2TeO6, Na2M2WO6 (M = Ni or Cu), Na2NiMSbO6 (M = Al or Fe) and Na2NiAlTO6 (T = Nb or Ta) could not be prepared.

Na-substituted BiFeO3 films were prepared on FTO/glass substrates using the solgel method. XRD results showed that all films adopted random orientation and an R3m perovskite structure. UVVis absorption results indicated that the films exhibited intense absorbance around 450 nm. The band gaps were 2.59 eV, 2.63 eV, 2.62 eV and 2.52 eV for the films substituted with 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% Na, respectively. A substantially enhanced photovoltaic effect was observed in the 20% Na substituted BiFeO3 film; its short-circuit current density was 1.26 µA cm?2 and the open circuit voltage was ?0.66 V. Meanwhile, polarization-modulated Jsc and Voc were observed in the 20% Na substituted BiFeO3 film and the mechanism was studied using the Schottky barrier combined with the ferroelectric polarization model.

The about 100 kg highly radiopure NaI(Tl) set-up of the DAMA project (DAMA/NaI) took data over seven annual cycles up to July 2002 and has achieved results on various rare processes. Its main aim has actually been the exploitation of the model independent WIMP annual modulation signature. After this conference the total exposure, collected during the seven annual cycles, was released. This cumulative exposure (107731 kg day) has given a model independent evidence for the presence of a Dark Matter particle component in the galactic halo at 6.3 sigma C.L.; this main result is summarised here. Some of the many possible corollary model dependent quests for the candidate particle are mentioned. At present, after about five years of new developments, a second generation low background set-up (DAMA/LIBRA with a mass of about 250 kg NaI(Tl)) was built and is taking data since March 2003. New R&D efforts toward a possible NaI(Tl) ton set-up, we proposed in 1996, have been funded and started in 2003.

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. It is constituted by the five Guianas: Venezuelan Guiana, (formerly British) Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana distributed in these countries. 11.141 live in Venezuela, 3000 in Guyana (Forte 2000), 3000 in Suriname (Boven% in Suriname; there is no precise data for French Guiana, but the rate is high). The Kali'na people speak

proteins that mediate transport of ions across cell membranes, they traditionally have been viewed as very to the extracellular surface. The 3Na 2K -exchange transport cycle is completed when two extracellular K ions bind ensure the vectorial nature of net transport. The occluded-ion conformations, with binding sites

machine for the ATP-dependent and -coupled transport of Na+ and K+ across the plasma membrane of a living sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase Introduction The P-type ATPases control ion fluxes across the cell membrane;allow the movement of ions across the cell membrane. They could also alter the function

Grant Title: IBM GRANTS PROGRAM Funding Opportunity Number: N/A Agency/Department: IBM Grants.S. Internal Revenue Code. Summary: The main focus of the IBM Grants Program is on education due to the power Giving. Detailed Information: http://www.ibm.com/ibm/ibmgives/grant/grantapp.shtml #12;

Grant Title: WILLIAM T. GRANT INVESTIGATOR INITIATED GRANTS Funding Opportunity Number: N/A Agency/Department: William T. Grant Foundation. Area of Research: The Foundation supports high-quality research January, early April, and early September for investigator-initiated research grants. Amount: The amount

Grant Title: LAWRENCE FOUNDATION GRANTS PROGRAM Funding Opportunity Number: N/A Agency/Department: The Lawrence Foundation. Area of Reseach: Grants to support environmental, education, human services and other and libraries are eligible for contributions or grants. Summary: The foundation is focused on making grants

Grant Title: FACULTY SEED GRANTS Funding Opportunity Number: N/A Agency/Department: UNL, Office support. Faculty Seed Grants are available to scholars from all disciplines and can be used for whatever will be given to non-tenured junior faculty and to those who have not received a Grant-In-Aid or Faculty Seed

Grant Title: MARCH OF DIMES RESEARCH GRANTS Funding Opportunity Number: N/A Agency Research Awards are due annually on March 10. Amount: For a general March of Dimes Research Grant, the average grant is approximately $100,000 per year. Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Research Awards are $150

Grant Title: LINCOLN COMMUNITY FOUNDATION Funding Opportunity Number: N/A Agency Quick Response Grant amount is $1000. Length of Support: From 1 to multiple years, based on scope: Competitive grants often include, but are not limited to, the arts and culture, children and youth, basic

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Grant Title: PACIFIC LIFE FOUNDATION GRANTS Funding Opportunity Number: N/A Agency is made in early November, with payment intended to be made before the end of January. Award of a grant does not mean that future support will automatically be available. Amount: General grants range from $5

Grant Title: AMERICAN FOUNDATION FOR SUICIDE PREVENTION Funding Opportunity Number: N/A Agency: Distinguished Investigator Grants for up to $100,000 over the grant period. Standard Research Grants: Up to $75,000 over the grant period. Linked Standard Research Grants: Up to $225,000 over the grant period. Young

Grant Title: GRAMMY FOUNDATION GRANTS Funding Opportunity Number: N/A Agency/Department: The GRAMMY Applicants: The GRAMMY Foundation Grant Program awards grants to organizations and individuals to support to the impact of music on the human condition. Summary: The GRAMMY Foundation Grant Program awards grants

Grant Title: THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY FELLOWSHIP AND GRANTS Funding Opportunity Number: N/A Agency/Department: The American Philosophical Society. Area of Research: Fellowships and grants: September 1; Franklin Research Grants: October 1 and December 1; Lewis and Clark Fund for Exploration

For an oxy-fuel circulating fluidized bed combustion system, the limestone calcination is normally prevented due to excessive CO2 partial pressures and the limestone is subject to a direct sulfation reaction. The enhancement of the direct sulfation of limestone by Na2CO3 was investigated under high CO2 partial pressure in a thermogravimetric apparatus (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis method. A commercial limestone with a mean size of 18.8 ?m was used. Experimental results indicate that the incorporation of Na+ ions in solid product CaSO4 lattice structures results in formation of more extrinsic point defects in the crystal lattices of CaSO4 and a significantly increased solid-state diffusivity/mobility in the solid product. So the direct sulfation of Na2CO3-doped limestone shows higher rate and higher degree of conversion in the later stage of sulfation, in comparison with the direct sulfation of original limestone. The reaction changes from diffusional control to chemical reaction control in the presence of Na2CO3 because of the effect of foreign ions on accelerating the solid-state diffusion.

In this paper we present results of a long-term observation of the decay of 22Na in the presence of a nuclear fission reactor. The measurements were made outside the containment wall of and underneath the Koeberg nuclear power plant near Cape Town, South Africa. Antineutrino fluxes ranged from ~5*10^11 to 1.6*10^13 cm^-2 s^-1 during this period. We show that the coincidence summing technique provides a sensitive tool to measure a change in the total decay constant as well as the branching ratio between EC and beta+ decay of 22Na to the first excited state in 22Ne. We observe a relative change in count rate between reactor-ON and reactor-OFF equal to (-0.51+/-0.11)*10^-4. After evaluating possible systematic uncertainties we conclude that the effect is either due to a hidden instrumental cause or due to an interaction between antineutrinos and the 22Na nucleus. An upper limit of ~0.03 barn has been deduced for observing any change in the decay rate of 22Na due to antineutrino interactions.

In this paper we present results of a long-term observation of the decay of 22Na in the presence of a nuclear fission reactor. The measurements were made outside the containment wall of and underneath the Koeberg nuclear power plant near Cape Town, South Africa. Antineutrino fluxes ranged from ~5*10^11 to 1.6*10^13 cm^-2 s^-1 during this period. We show that the coincidence summing technique provides a sensitive tool to measure a change in the total decay constant as well as the branching ratio between EC and beta+ decay of 22Na to the first excited state in 22Ne. We observe a relative change in count rate between reactor-ON and reactor-OFF equal to (-0.51+/-0.11)*10^-4. After evaluating possible systematic uncertainties we conclude that the effect is either due to a hidden instrumental cause or due to an interaction between antineutrinos and the 22Na nucleus. An upper limit of ~0.03 barn has been deduced for observing any change in the decay rate of 22Na due to antineutrino interactions.

Surveillance briefing to NNSA to support a tasking memo from NA-12 on Surveillance requirements. This talk presents the process for developing surveillance requirements, discusses the LANL requirements that were issued as part of that tasking memo, and presents recommendations on Component Evaluation and Planning Committee activities for FY11.

High-pressure polymorphs of H{sub 2}O are a major component in many outer planets, extra solar bodies, and icy satellites. This study sought to examine the influence of ionic impurities on the phase stability, thermal expansion, and melting curve of ice VII. Powder diffraction patterns of ice VII formed from pure H{sub 2}O and 5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solutions were taken at room temperature up to 11.1 {+-} 0.3 and 26.6 {+-} 0.4 GPa, respectively. Thermal expansions, {alpha}, of all ice VII samples were recorded and modeled up to the melting point of the samples. Ice VII formed from a NaCl-bearing aqueous solution at pressures greater than 2.2 GPa and less than 500 K can be indexed by ice VII only, whereas at temperatures greater than 500 K, diffraction lines indicative of halite (NaCl) are observed and become more intense with increasing temperature and only disappear at the melting point of the high-pressure ice. This phenomenon was observed in all NaCl-bearing ice samples that were heated to greater than 500 K. The melting curves of ice VII formed from pure H{sub 2}O and a 5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution suggest that the presence of Na{sup +} and Cl{sup -} in the ice VII structure results in a depression of the melting curve by approximately 40 K. The exsolution of halite from the NaCl-doped ice VII and the depression of the ice VII melting curve suggest that the presence of ionic impurities in ice VII may promote the formation of a self-segregating zone deep within ice-rich bodies. This zone could initiate the formation of solute-rich melt pockets that may ascend toward the surface and result in surface manifestations such as solute-bearing aqueous vents, unexplained domes/diapirism, and/or salt-rich regions.

Experimental cw line shapes have been obtained for Li7, Na23, and F19 nuclei in NaF and LiF single crystals, and compared with several line-shape theories. A new line-shape theory is described which gives better results than previous ones for these two crystal systems.

The leaching of a Na?-affected calcareous soil with water results in two concurrent recesses: (i) CaCO? dissolution, and (ii) replacement of Na? on the cation-exchange complex by Ca²?. In the current study, Woodward soil (coarse-silty, mixed...

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Modeling the sorption dynamics of NaH using a reactive force field J. G. O. Ojwang,1,a Rutger van that the fall in potential energy is associated with either cluster fragmentation or de- sorption of molecular ReaxFFNaAlH4 to study the structural and dynamical details of hydrogen ab de sorption processes in Na

The Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF), located on the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Reservation, is a liquid metal-cooled test reactor. The FFTF was constructed to support the U.S. Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Program. The bulk of the alkali metal (sodium and NaK) has been drained and will be stored onsite prior to final disposition. Residual NaK needed to be removed from the pipes, pumps, heat exchangers, tanks, and vessels in the Fuel Storage Facility (FSF) cooling system. The cooling system was drained in 2004 leaving residual NaK in the pipes and equipment. The estimated residual NaK volume was 76 liters in the storage tank, 1.9 liters in the expansion tank, and 19-39 liters in the heat transfer loop. The residual NaK volume in the remainder of the system was expected to be very small, consisting of films, droplets, and very small pools. The NaK in the FSF Cooling System was not radiologically contaminated. The portions of the cooling system to be cleaned were divided into four groups: 1. The storage tank, filter, pump, and associated piping; 2. The heat exchanger, expansion tank, and associated piping; 3. Argon supply piping; 4. In-vessel heat transfer loop. The cleaning was contracted to Creative Engineers, Inc. (CEI) and they used their superheated steam process to clean the cooling system. It has been concluded that during the modification activities (prior to CEI coming onsite) to prepare the NaK Cooling System for cleaning, tank T-914 was pressurized relative to the In-Vessel NaK Cooler and NaK was pushed from the tank back into the Cooler and that on November 6, 2005, when the gas purge through the In-Vessel NaK Cooler was increased from 141.6 slm to 283.2 slm, NaK was forced from the In-Vessel NaK Cooler and it contacted water in the vent line and/or scrubber. The gases from the reaction then traveled back through the vent line coating the internal surface of the vent line with NaK and NaK reaction products. The hot gases also exited the scrubber through the stack and due to the temperature of the gas, the hydrogen auto ignited when it mixed with the oxygen in the air. There was no damage to equipment, no injuries, and no significant release of hazardous material. Even though the FSF Cooling System is the only system at FFTF that contains residual NaK, there are lessons to be learned from this event that can be applied to future residual sodium removal activities. The lessons learned are: - Before cleaning equipment containing residual alkali metal the volume of alkali metal in the equipment should be minimized to the extent practical. As much as possible, reconfirm the amount and location of the alkali metal immediately prior to cleaning, especially if additional evolutions have been performed or significant time has passed. This is especially true for small diameter pipe (<20.3 centimeters diameter) that is being cleaned in place since gas flow is more likely to move the alkali metal. Potential confirmation methods could include visual inspection (difficult in all-metal systems), nondestructive examination (e.g., ultrasonic measurements) and repeating previous evolutions used to drain the system. Also, expect to find alkali metal in places it would not reasonably be expected to be. - Staff with an intimate knowledge of the plant equipment and the bulk alkali metal draining activities is critical to being able to confirm the amount and locations of the alkali metal residuals and to safely clean the residuals. - Minimize the potential for movement of alkali metal during cleaning or limit the distance and locations into which alkali metal can move. - Recognize that when working with alkali metal reactions, occasional pops and bangs are to be anticipated. - Pre-plan emergency responses to unplanned events to assure responses planned for an operating reactor are appropriate for the deactivation phase.

Abstract Exhaust CO2, NaCl and H2O can be converted to Na2CO3 and \\{HCl\\} by the MgCl2/MgO modified ammonia soda process at a maximum temperature of 525 °C. Such a temperature is easily reached by solar troughs. Subsequently this process stores thermal solar energy as chemical energy and concomitantly CO2 can be removed from the environment. The process has been investigated theoretically and experimentally to further enhance its solar efficiency. It is shown theoretically that Mg-compounds are unique for this process and that the MgCl2/MgO modification is optimal. Experiments demonstrate that by splitting the main reaction of this process into two steps the solar efficiency can be enhanced to 21.5% and very highly concentrated \\{HClaq\\} can be obtained. The yield of the main chemical reaction exceeds 95% at 525 °C. Suggestions are given for an improved thermal solar trough system to perform the main chemical reaction.

printed 2/17/2012 2:23:00 PM Page 1 of 8 printed 2/17/2012 2:23:00 PM Page 1 of 8 Annual Workforce Analysis and Staffing Plan Report As of December 31, 2011 Reporting Office: NNSA NA-10 HQ (including NA-15 inputs) Section One: Current Mission(s) of the Organization and Potential Changes NNSA Mission: To strengthen United States security through the military application of nuclear energy. NNSA Vision: To be an integrated nuclear security enterprise operating an efficient and agile nuclear weapons complex, recognized as preeminent in technical leadership and program management. Organizational Changes: NNSA is in the final phase of re-organizing. This plan reflects known changes that resulted from the elimination of the ABQ Service Center and re-distribution of the functions and personnel, some of whom were part of the TQP Program. The plan has also

We have investigated adsorption of Na and Ca on graphene with divacancy (DV) and Stone-Wales (SW) defect. Our results show that adsorption is not possible on pristine graphene. However, their adsorption on defective sheet is energetically favorable. The enhanced adsorption can be attributed to the increased charge transfer between adatoms and underlying defective sheet. With the increase in defect density until certain possible limit, maximum percentage of adsorption also increases giving higher battery capacity. For maximum possible DV defect, we can achieve maximum capacity of 1459 mAh/g for Na-ion batteries (NIBs) and 2900 mAh/g for Ca-ion batteries (CIBs). For graphene full of SW defect, we find the maximum capacity of NIBs and CIBs is around 1071 mAh/g and 2142 mAh/g respectively. Our results will help create better anode materials with much higher capacity and better cycling performance for NIBs and CIBs.

Using a magnetically transported beam of slow positrons, we have measured the elastic backscattering probability versus energy for positrons normally incident on air-cleaved and vacuum-cleaved (100) surfaces of NaF and LiF. We observe enormous first-order Bragg peaks and several higher-order peaks, the positions of which imply an inner potential of -0.5±0.2 and -0.1±0.2 eV for NaF and LiF, respectively. The atomic plane spacings are equal to the bulk values within 1/2%. There are only slight differences between the data obtained using the freshly air-cleaved and the vacuum-cleaved surfaces. Surface disorder may be responsible for the presence of some weak Bragg reflections corresponding to directions that would otherwise be inaccessible to the incident positron beam. The temperature dependence indicates that the disorder would not have a thermal origin.

The magnetic exchange interactions in NaLaFeTaO6 and NaLaFeNbO6 are antiferromagnetic, while they are ferromagnetic in NaLaMnTaO6 and NaLaMnNbO6. ... This work has benefited from the use of HIPD at the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. ...

The Office of the Associate Administrator for Safety and Health (NA-SH) TQP applies to those personnel who oversee defense nuclear facilities, to support the mission of NNSA. The requirement for this SA comes from DOE O 426.1A that states "Headquarters and Field Elements must conduct self-assessment of TQP and FTCP implementation within their organization at least every 4 years."

Two-photon absorption cross sections of the N1 and F3+ centers in NaF have been determined by means of the luminescence excited by the two-photon absorption. The measured polarization dependence of the process led us to attribute the excitation to the Ag?Ag transition in the N1 center and to the A?E transition in the F3+ center.

The high precision of recent measurements for low-energy {alpha}-particle elastic-scattering as well as induced-reaction data makes possible the understanding of actual limits and possible improvement of the global optical model potentials parameters. Involvement of recent optical potentials for reliable description of both the elastic scattering and emission of {alpha}-particles, of equal interest for nuclear astrophysics (NA) and nuclear technology (NT) for fusion devices, is discussed in the present work.

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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In support of the Hanford Site cleanup, electrodialysis is being investigated as a method to separate aqueous sodium (Na{sup +}) and cesium (Cs{sup +}) ions. The approach has many advantages over existing separation technologies; in particular, electrodialysis creates little secondary waste while producing usable acid and base streams. The fundamentals of electrodialysis are presented in this report to provide a foundation for interpreting experimental data. A flat-plate laboratory-scale apparatus was used to determine the feasibility of separating Na{sup +}/Cs{sup +} mixtures by electrodialysis. The results showed that Cs{sup +} is preferentially separated over Na{sup +} by a factor of 2 to 3 using a Nafion{reg_sign} 417 cationic membrane. The separation is relatively insensitive to solution ionic strength and flow-rate variations. The current efficiency of the separation ranges from 0.60 to 0.65 depending on the applied voltage. The laboratory-scale system was characterized by dimensional analysis, which demonstrated that the process could be scaled up to a size attractive for the volume of waste at the Hanford Site. Preliminary experiments on a bench-scale system were also conducted. The initial results showed that the current-voltage response of the laboratory- and the bench-scale unit is identical.

A model calculation of lattice thermal conductivity is presented and applied to measurements on LiF and NaF crystals of high purity. The treatment is in the spirit of a Callaway analysis, but at a somwhat more fundamental level: The Ziman variational principle for thermal conductivity derived from the phonon Boltzmann equation is used, with the phonon distribution function approximated by a displaced Planck part plus another term reducing the deviation from equilibrium for high-frequency phonons. An isotropic Debye approximation for the phonon spectra of LiF and NaF gives a good fit to the conductivity data, with only two semi-adjustable parameters (Grüneisen constant and a zone-edge longitudinal phonon frequency) for the anharmonic contribution. The most important feature of the calculation is the failure of the thermal conductivity to approach the Ziman limit of resistanceless phonon-phonon N processes. This is due to the important role played by high-frequency phonons in thermal conduction. Even for an infinite perfect crystal at arbitrarily low temperatures, the Ziman limit underestimates the conductivity by at least 50%. If this prediction is correct, it is not a peculiarity of LiF and NaF alone, and should be of importance for the theory of second-sound propagation in insulators.

The authors present here bromide, chloride, and sodium data for fluids from reservoirs of Ordovician through Pennsylvania age in the Illinois basic which suggest that remnant marine fluids contribute significantly to fluid Cl budgets. Cl/Br and NaBr ratios for Ordovician through Devonian formation fluids are relatively uniform and near those for seawater, despite greater than a factor of ten range in Cl concentration. In contrast, fluids from Mississippian and Pennsylvanian reservoirs, separated from older reservoirs by the New Albany Shale Group, have more variable fluid Cl/Br and Na/Br ratios, most of which are significantly greater then those of seawater. The 1:1 stoichiometry of Cl and Na increases for Mississippian and Pennsylvanian formation fluids is consistent with halite dissolution. Nevertheless, Br systematics and mass-balance considerations indicate that he overall Cl budget of Illinois basin formation fluids appears to be more significantly influenced by the contribution from subaerially evaporated seawater than by halite dissolution.

Self-consistent, periodic, density functional theory calculations, using PW91 functional, have been performed to investigate Na and K adsorption on the C(100)(2?1) surface. Our calculations showed that Na and K adatoms preferred to occupy valley-bridge sites at the coverage (?) of 0.5ML. For the coverage of 1ML, the combination of pedestal site and valley-bridge site turned out to be energetically favored. These findings are found to be consistent with those obtained for alkali-metal adsorption on silicon and germanium surfaces. Two desorption peaks named ? and ? for K adsorption have been observed and assigned to pedestal or bridge site and valley-bridge sites experimentally, while our results showed that the ? and ? states should be ascribed to pedestal site and valley-bridge sites and the combination of bridge and valley-bridge site is not the local minima. Work function analysis showed that when Na and K are adsorbed on diamond surface, the work function will decrease linearly with increasing coverage, up to a minimum, and finally increase again because of the depolarization of the adsorbate, agreeing well with experiments.

A particular heat-exchanger application involved metallic alloys exposed to flue gases of an aluminum remelt furnace. Because the flue gases might contain NaCl and other halides, the corrosion behavior of the alloys was to be investigated. Planned direct exposure of candidate alloys to the flue gases, however, was not conducted because of premature termination of the project. Complementary laboratory testing was conducted on seven commercially available alloys and two nickel aluminides. These materials were exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere containing 0.06 wt % NaCl for 1100 h at 1000/degree/C. Most of the alloy exhibited grain-boundary attack, which resulted in complete oxidation of enveloped grains. The alloys Incoloy MA-956, Incoloy 800, Inconel 625, Inconel 601, Hastelloy X, Haynes 188, and nickel aluminide IC-50 were substantially more corroded than Alloy 214 and nickel aluminide IC-221. The latter two alloys, therefore, would probably be superior to the others in application involving flue gases containing NaCl. Strength fabricability, and weldability, which are briefly discussed, would also affect selection of materials. 8 refs., 12 figs., 5 tabs.

The author tests 24 women boxers Na+, K+- ATPase, ROS and T-AOC before the match. The results show that women boxers Na+, K+- ATPase, ROS and T-AOC (P<0.01) have a rising trend compared with control group; serum CK-NAC and LDH-L are high control group obviously (P<0.05, P<0.01). Explanation: women boxers Na+, K+-ATPase activity in RBC Membrane keeps high level, which has a positive role for the athletes to keep a high athletics ability.

Electron microprobe analysis of the new mineral johillerite gave Na2O 5.4, MgO 18.3, ZnO 5.4, CuO 15.8, and As2O5 55.8, total 100.7%. From this result, the ideal formula is given as Na(Mg, Zn)3 Cu(AsO4)3. Johille...

INVESTIGATiON OF THE ION EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN Na , Ca++, Mg++, AND A SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE RESIN AT VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS A THESIS BY WILLIAM FRANKLIN McILHENNY Submitted to the Graduate School of the Agricultural and Mechanical... College of Texas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE January 1958 MaJor Subject: Chemical Engineering INVESTIGATION OF THE ION EXCHANGE EQUILIBRIUM BFTWEEN Na+, Ca++ Mg++ AND A SULFONATED POLYSTYRENE RESIN...

Abstract Here we present the development of an aluminium alloy based hydrogen storage tank, charged with Ti-doped sodium aluminium hexahydride Na3AlH6. This hydride has a theoretical hydrogen storage capacity of 3 mass-% and can be operated at lower pressure compared to sodium alanate NaAlH4. The tank was made of aluminium alloy EN AW 6082 T6. The heat transfer was realised through an oil flow in a bayonet heat exchanger, manufactured by extrusion moulding from aluminium alloy EN AW 6060 T6. Na3AlH6 is prepared from 4 mol-% TiCl3 doped sodium aluminium tetrahydride NaAlH4 by addition of two moles of sodium hydride NaH in ball milling process. The hydrogen storage tank was filled with 213 g of doped Na3AlH6 in dehydrogenated state. Maximum of 3.6 g (1.7 mass-% of the hydride mass) of hydrogen was released from the hydride at approximately 450 K and the same hydrogen mass was consumed at 2.5 MPa hydrogenation pressure. 45 cycle tests (rehydrogenation and dehydrogenation) were carried out without any failure of the tank or its components. Operation of the tank under real conditions indicated the possibility for applications with stationary HT-PEM fuel cell systems.

Recent atom-scattering experimental data have stimulated a new investigation on the surface phonons of some alkali halides. In the framework of Green's-function method applied to breathing-shell model dynamics we have calculated the dispersion curves and a few K-selected densities of states of surface phonons for the (001) surface of NaF and LiF at room temperature. Particular attention is paid to the change in ion polarizabilities occurring at the surface and its effect on the Rayleigh wave frequencies at the zone boundary.

The electrical conductivity ? and thermoelectric power S data have been measured in two semiconductors that undergo a solid-state transformation to a dynamically disordered phase about 100 °C below the melting point. At the transition, ? for NaSn is reduced while that for CsPb exhibits a dramatic rise. For both semiconductors, S is reduced in magnitude and changes sign at the transition. These results are consistent with a model which explicitly allows for the interactions between mobile ions and electrons and which provides a unified explanation of the transport properties of these compounds and other fast ion conductors with appreciable electronic conductivity.

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The $^{18}$Ne($\\alpha$,$p$)$^{21}$Na reaction impacts the break-out from the hot CNO-cycles to the $rp$-process in type I X-ray bursts. We present a revised thermonuclear reaction rate, which is based on the latest experimental data. The new rate is derived from Monte-Carlo calculations, taking into account the uncertainties of all nuclear physics input quantities. In addition, we present the reaction rate uncertainty and probability density versus temperature. Our results are also consistent with estimates obtained using different indirect approaches.

The $^{18}$Ne($\\alpha$,$p$)$^{21}$Na reaction impacts the break-out from the hot CNO-cycles to the $rp$-process in type I X-ray bursts. We present a revised thermonuclear reaction rate, which is based on the latest experimental data. The new rate is derived from Monte-Carlo calculations, taking into account the uncertainties of all nuclear physics input quantities. In addition, we present the reaction rate uncertainty and probability density versus temperature. Our results are also consistent with estimates obtained using different indirect approaches.

The $^{18}$Ne($\\alpha$,$p$)$^{21}$Na reaction impacts the break-out from the hot CNO-cycles to the $rp$-process in type I X-ray bursts. We present a revised thermonuclear reaction rate, which is based on the latest experimental data. The new rate is derived from Monte-Carlo calculations, taking into account the uncertainties of all nuclear physics input quantities. In addition, we present the reaction rate uncertainty and probability density versus temperature. Our results are also consistent with estimates obtained using different indirect approaches.

The complexation of neptunium(V), Np(V), with the acetate anion, Ac{sup -}, was measured in sodium chloride media to high concentration using an extraction technique. The data were interpreted using the thermodynamic formalism of Pitzer, which is valid to high electrolyte concentrations. A consistent model for the deprotonation constants of acetic acid in NaCl and NaClO{sub 4} media was developed. For the concentrations of acetate expected in a waste repository, only the neutral complex NpO{sub 2}Ac(aq) was important in describing the interactions between the neptunyl ion and acetate. The thermodynamic stability constant log {beta}{sup 0}{sub 101} for the reaction NpO{sub 2}{sup +} + Ac{sup -} {leftrightarrow} NpO{sub 2}Ac was calculated to be 1.46{plus_minus}0.11. This weak complexing behavior between the neptunyl ion and acetate indicates that acetate will not significantly enhance dissolved Np(V) concentrations in ground waters associated with nuclear waste repositories that may contain acetate.

We use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study twinned and detwinned iron pnictide compound NaFeAs. Distinct signatures of electronic reconstruction are observed to occur at the structural (T{sub S}) and magnetic (T{sub SDW}) transitions. At T{sub S}, C{sub 4} rotational symmetry is broken in the form of an anisotropic shift of the orthogonal d{sub xz} and d{sub yz} bands. The magnitude of this orbital anisotropy rapidly develops to near completion upon approaching T{sub SDW}, at which temperature band folding occurs via the antiferromagnetic ordering wave vector. Interestingly, the anisotropic band shift onsetting at T{sub S} develops in such a way to enhance the nesting conditions in the C{sub 2} symmetric state, hence is intimately correlated with the long range collinear AFM order. Furthermore, the similar behaviors of the electronic reconstruction in NaFeAs and Ba(Fe{sub 1-x}Co{sub x}){sub 2}As{sub 2} suggests that this rapid development of large orbital anisotropy between T{sub S} and T{sub SDW} is likely a general feature of the electronic nematic phase in the iron pnictides, and the associated orbital fluctuations may play an important role in determining the ground state properties.

An iron-selenide Na0.8Fe1.6Se2 single crystal has been successfully synthesized using a self-flux method. The electrical resistivity measurement shows that this material exhibits semiconducting behavior in the whole temperature range, with an anomalous increment of resistivity at Ts?595 K. By varying the concentrations of Na and Fe, a small volume of superconducting phase could be achieved with a critical temperature of Tc?34 K. Structural characterization shows that, similarly to K0.8Fe1.6Se2, the Na0.8Fe1.6Se2 phase exhibits clear superstructure with a modulation wave vector of q=(3/5,1/5,0) caused by the Fe-vacancy order within the a-b plane.

The silicate is one of the potential compounds used as a corrosion inhibitor for metal alloys. The mixture between silica and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) succeeded to produce the silicate product. The formulation of a silicate product normally variable depended by the different ratio of SiO{sub 2}:Na{sub 2}O. This research utilized the agriculture waste product of paddy using its rice husk. In this study, the amorphous silica content in rice husk ash was used after rice husk burnt in a muffle furnace at a certain temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done to determine the existence of amorphous phase of silica in the rice husk ash. There are several studies that recognized rice husk as an alternative source that obtained high silica content. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out to clarify the percentage amount of Si and O elements, which referred the silica compound in rice husk ash. The preparation of sodium silicate formulation were differ based on the SiO{sub 2}:Na{sub 2}O ratio (SiO{sub 2}:Na{sub 2}O ratio = 1.00, 2.00 and 3.00). These silicate based corrosion inhibitors were tested on several testing samples, which were copper (99.9%), aluminum alloy (AA 6061) and carbon steel (SAE 1045). The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate SiO{sub 2}:Na{sub 2}O ratio and understand how this SiO{sub 2}:Na{sub 2}O ratio can affect the corrosion rate of each metal alloys immersed in acidic medium. In order to investigate this study, weight loss test was conducted in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) for 24 hours at room temperature.

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE SOLUBILITY AND COMPLEXING OF NICKEL IN THE SYSTEM NiO-HC1-H20-NaC1 A Thesis by LYNNE SHIRLEY FAHLQUIST Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements... of Nickel in the System NiO-HC1-H20-NaCI Lynne Shirley Fahlquist, B. S. , Texas AdtM University Chairman of Advisory Committee: Dr, Robert K. Popp The solubility of NiO was determined in both NaCl-free and NaC1-bearing systems in the range 550-750'C, 2...

Annual Workforce Analysis and Staffing Plan Report Annual Workforce Analysis and Staffing Plan Report As of December 31, 2011 Reporting Office: NNSA NA-70 Section One: Current Mission(s) of the Organization and Potential Changes 1. DNS is the NNSA line management organization responsible for security direction and program management with respect to prioritization of resources, program evaluation, and funding allocation. Key management areas include security operations, resources, engineering, and technical support to NNSA field elements and facilities. Specific subject matter expertise also includes physical and personnel security, protective forces, nuclear materials control and accountability, classified and sensitive information protection, and technical security programs. DNS evaluates the status of protection programs at all NNSA facilities against National policy and

7 7 Annual Workforce Analysis and Staffing Plan Report As of December 31, 2012 Reporting Office: NNSA NA-70 Section One: Current Mission(s) of the Organization and Potential Changes The DNS core mission is to protect NNSA capabilities, facilities, materials, information, and employees. DNS is responsible for managing and funding the security that supports the NNSA missions, with the exception of those missions under the Office of Naval Reactors and the Office of Secure Transportation's (OST) over-the-road operations. DNS also provides unique knowledge and expertise in nuclear security for a broader set of 21st century national security needs that are synergistic with its mission, such as those in nuclear non-proliferation, homeland security, and intelligence. DNS provides the overall

We have measured the energy dependence of the intensity of a positron beam specularly reflected from the (100) surfaces of NaF and LiF. A 1-eV-wide peak located at an energy that decreases with increasing angle of incidence ? is qualitatively identified as a beam threshold effect. Given the known small positron affinity for the solids, the narrowness of the peak is consistent with its being due to a true surface resonance. However, the dispersion appears to depart from the expected energy versus ? trajectory parallel to the kinematic threshold. Additionally, a search in 50-meV steps did not reveal any fine structure in the peaks, possibly due to our 0.3-eV effective instrumental resolution. Further experiments to map the dispersion with greater precision, to measure the binding energies of the resonances, and to search for possible fine structure are proposed.

Liquid-like and liquid water at and near the surface of water-ice and frozen aqueous sodium chloride films were observed using attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The concentration of NaCl ranged from 0.0001 to 0.01 M and the temperature varied from the melting point of water down to 256 K. The amount of liquid brine at the interface of the frozen films with the germanium ATR crystal increased with salt concentration and temperature. Experimental spectra are compared to reflection spectra calculated for a simplified morphology of a uniform liquid layer between the germanium crystal and the frozen film. This morphology allows for the amount of liquid observed in an experimental spectrum to be converted to the thickness of a homogenous layer with an equivalent amount of liquid. These equivalent thickness ranges from a nanometer for water-ice at 260 K to 170 nm for 0.01 M NaCl close to the melting point. The amounts of brine observed are over an order of magnitude less than the total liquid predicted by equilibrium thermodynamic models, implying that the vast majority of the liquid fraction of frozen solutions may be found in internal inclusions, grain boundaries, and the like. Thus, the amount of liquid and the solutes dissolved in them that are available to react with atmospheric gases on the surfaces of snow and ice are not well described by thermodynamic equilibrium models which assume the liquid phase is located entirely at the surface.

This study explores the reaction products of alkali-activated Class C fly ash-based aluminosilicate samples by means of high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction (HSXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and compressive strength tests to investigate how the readily available aluminum affects the reaction. Class C fly ash-based aluminosilicate raw materials were prepared by incorporating Na-aluminate into the original fly ashes, then alkali-activated by 10 M NaOH solution. Incorporating Na-aluminate reduced the compressive strength of samples, with the reduction magnitude relatively constant regardless of length of curing period. The HSXRD provides evidence of the co-existence of C-S-H with geopolymeric gels and strongly suggests that the C-S-H formed in the current system is C-S-H(I). The back-scattered electron images suggest that the C-S-H(I) phase exists as small grains in a finely intermixed form with geopolymeric gels. Despite providing extra source of aluminum, adding Na-aluminate to the mixes did not decrease the Si/Al ratio of the geopolymeric gel.

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Magnetic phase diagram of the S=1/2 triangular layered compound NaNiO2: a single crystal study S de Magnetic Field Laboratory, CNRS, BP166, F-38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France Abstract. Using magnetic torque measurement on a NaNiO2 single crystal, we have established the magnetic phase diagram of this triangular

carbonation of synthetic brucite (Mg(OH)2) by injection of CO2 in a highly alkaline medium (2 m Na dehydration and carbonation of a brucitic layer of dypingite coupled with instantaneous formation of magnesite crystals. In this study, the NaOH played a catalytic role; that is, it accelerated brucite carbonation

?H2O activities in concentrated NaCl solutions were measured in the ranges 600°900°?C and 215 kbar and at NaCl concentrations up to halite saturation by depression of the brucite (Mg(OH)2...)  periclase (MgO) ...

of Kali'na in French Guiana Introduction The concept of diglossia, according to the broad definitionsMinorization and the process of (de)minoritization: the case of Kali'na in French Guiana Isabelle Indigenous language of French Guiana, from the point of view of descriptive categories available

The response of low energy nuclear recoil in NaI(Tl) is investigated in the following experiment. Such detectors have been used recently to search for evidence of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). Na...

Conventional wisdom concerning crystallization assumes that when NaCl crystallizes from a supersaturated solution, the solvated ions retain their ionic character and simply relocate from their hydration spheres to their most stable positions in the crystal lattice. However, this conventional picture is at odds with observations over 200 years ago reporting the emission of long-lived light resulting from the crystallization of certain salts  appropriately referred to as crystalloluminescence. This suggests that electronic structure plays an essential role in crystallization. Strong electric field fluctuations in the gas or condensed phases can drive changes in electronic structure. We have calculated the fluctuation of charge, scalar electric potentials, and vector electric fields for concentrated aqueous NaCl electrolytes. The H2O molecules in the 1st solvation shell of the ions serve as a sink for electron density originating on Cl-. Our analysis reveals that the electric fields inside aqueous electrolytes are extremely large (up to several V/Å) and thus may alter the ground and excited electronic states in the condensed phase. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the potential and field distributions are largely independent of concentration. We find that the field component distributions to be Gaussian for the ions and non-Gaussian for the O and H sites (computed in the lab frame of reference), however, these non-Gaussian distributions are readily modeled via an orientationally averaged non-zero mean Gaussian plus a zero mean Gaussian. These calculations and analyses provide the first steps toward understanding the magnitude and fluctuations of charge, electric potentials and fields in aqueous electrolytes and what role these fields may play in driving charge redistribution/transfer during crystalloluminescence. We would like to gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Gregory K. Schenter. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energys (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences program and used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy.

High-resolution normal-incidence (9°) reflectivities of lithium-fluoride, sodium-fluoride, and potassium-fluoride single crystals were investigated between 6 and 35 eV at room temperature, 100 and 30 K using a minicomputer-controlled vacuum ultraviolet reflectometer at the Winconsin Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Data were taken on surfaces cleaved and maintained in high vacuum. Reflectivity data were Kramers-Kronig analyzed to yield the dielectric functions of the materials and various energy and temperature derivatives were calculated as an aid to interpretation. In all materials, considerable new structure is reported with broad, general agreement with earlier work on LiF and KF. We report the first reflectivity data between 12 and 35 eV for NaF. Computed values of -Im(1?) were in good agreement with electron-energy-loss experiments of Creuzburg. It is only possible to provide detailed interpretation of optical features in special cases, but a general discussion is provided in the conventional framework.

The binding states of carbon monoxide over cation-exchanged NaX zeolites and over corresponding Ru-containing samples have been investigated using thermal desorption spectroscopy. Exchange of sodium with cations such as Li{sup +}, Ca{sup 2+}, Mg{sup 2+}, and La{sup 3+} gave rise to additional CO adsorption states, a higher isosteric heat of CO adsorption, an increased density of acid sites, and an increased amount of adsorbed CO, depending on the nature and ionic radius of the charge-balancing cation. The charge-balancing cations at the zeolite surface (e.g., Ca{sub 2+}, La{sup 3+}) function as additional CO adsorption sites in conjunction with surface acid centers (e.g., the Al{sup 3+} center) and metal sites. In addition to surface sites, CO is also found to be held in structural cavities and macropores of the zeolite matrix. The programmed heating of both the metal-free and Ru-containing zeolites subsequent to room temperature CO adsorption gave desorption peaks due to release of CO at temperatures less than {approximately}500 K while the higher temperature peaks were constituted mainly of CO{sub 2}. Electron spectroscopy results have revealed that the exposure of these samples to CO and subsequent thermal treatment resulted in the formation of surface carbonaceous species. The nature of CO adsorption states giving rise to CO{sub 2} formation is discussed.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells offer the vital solution to the world's socio-political dependence on oil. Due to existing difficulty in safe and efficient hydrogen storage for fuel cells, storing the hydrogen in hydrocarbon compounds such as artificial diamond is a realistic solution. By treating the surface of the diamond powder with a Sodium Fluoride plasma exposure, the surface of the diamond is cleaned of unwanted molecules. Due to fluorine's electro negativity, the diamond powder is activated and ready for hydrogen absorption. These diamond powder pellets are then placed on a graphite platform that is heated by conduction in a high voltage circuit made of tungsten wire. Then, the injection of hydrogen gas into chamber allows the storage of the Hydrogen on the surface of the diamond powder. By neutron bombardment in the nuclear reactor, or Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis, the samples are examined for parts per million amounts of hydrogen in the sample. Sodium Fluoride surface treatment allows for higher mass percentage of stored hydrogen in a reliable, resistant structure, such as diamond for fuel cells and permanently alters the diamonds terminal bonds for re-use in the effective storage of hydrogen. The highest stored amount utilizing the NaF plasma surface treatment was 22229 parts per million of hydrogen in the diamond powder which amounts to 2.2229% mass increase.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells offer the vital solution to the worlds socio?political dependence on oil. Due to existing difficulty in safe and efficient hydrogen storage for fuel cells storing the hydrogen in hydrocarbon compounds such as artificial diamond is a realistic solution. By treating the surface of the diamond powder with a Sodium Fluoride plasma exposure the surface of the diamond is cleaned of unwanted molecules. Due to fluorines electro negativity the diamond powder is activated and ready for hydrogen absorption. These diamond powder pellets are then placed on a graphite platform that is heated by conduction in a high voltage circuit made of tungsten wire. Then the injection of hydrogen gas into chamber allows the storage of the Hydrogen on the surface of the diamond powder. By neutron bombardment in the nuclear reactor or Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis the samples are examined for parts per million amounts of hydrogen in the sample. Sodium Fluoride surface treatment allows for higher mass percentage of stored hydrogen in a reliable resistant structure such as diamond for fuel cells and permanently alters the diamonds terminal bonds for re?use in the effective storage of hydrogen. The highest stored amount utilizing the NaF plasma surface treatment was 22229 parts per million of hydrogen in the diamond powder which amounts to 2.2229% mass increase.

The slopes of the liquidus and lines of constant liquid-vapor homogenization temperature (iso-Th) in P-T space for a 40 wt% NaCl bulk composition in the H[sub 2]O-NaCl system were determined using synthetic fluid inclusions. Inclusions were synthesized in the one-phase field at 350-800[degrees]C and 1-6 kbar, and the temperatures of liquid-vapor homogenization and halite dissolution were determined on a heating/cooling stage. The pressure along the liquidus corresponding to a measured halite dissolution temperature [Tm (halite)] was determined from the intersection of the inclusion iso-Th line in the one-phase field with the measured liquid-vapor homogenization temperature [Th [L-V

Transparent prismatic single crystals of borate cancrinite (Na,Ca){sub 2}[Na{sub 6}(AlSiO{sub 4}){sub 6}](BO{sub 3}) . 2H{sub 2}O are prepared through hydrothermal crystallization. The parameters of the hexagonal unit cell and intensities of 10806 reflections are measured on an Enraf-Nonius CAD4 automated diffractometer. The compound crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system with the unit cell parameters a = 12.745(4) A, c = 5.180(2) A, V = 728.6(4) A{sup 3}, and space group P6{sub 3}. The structure is determined by direct methods and refined using the full-matrix least-squares procedure in the anisotropic approximation for the non-hydrogen atoms. The refinement of the structure is performed to the final discrepancy factor R{sub 1} = 0.027 for 2889 unique reflections with I > 2 {sigma} (I). In the structure of the borate cancrinite, the AlO{sub 4} and SiO{sub 4} tetrahedra form a zeolite-like framework in which twelve-membered hexagonal channels are occupied by sodium atoms and BO{sub 3} groups, whereas six-membered channels are filled with sodium and calcium atoms and water molecules. The mean interatomic distances are found to be as follows: (Si-O){sub mean} = 1.614 A and (Al-O){sub mean} = 1.741 A in the AlO{sub 4} and SiO{sub 4} tetrahedra, (Na-O){sub mean} = 2.542 A in the seven-vertex sodium polyhedra, and [(Na,Ca)-O]{sub mean} = 2.589 A in the ditrigonal bipyramids.

Integrated excitation functions for the reactions Na23(?,p0)Mg26 and Na23(?,p1)Mg*26 were measured over the energy range E?=2.3-3.7 MeV. Absolute resonance strengths were determined for 30 new p1 resonances and 9 new p0 resonances. The corresponding stellar reaction rate NA is recalculated and found to be enhanced by a factor of 3 at T9=2 and by a factor of 4 at T9=3. A multiparameter analytic fit to the new NA as a function of temperature over the range T9=0.3-5.0 is given. The enhanced rate was incorporated in a nucleosynthesis code and the resulting change in Na23 and Mg26 abundances at selected temperatures is discussed.[NUCLEAR REACTIONS Na23(?,p), E=2.3-3.7 MeV; measured excitation function and deduced resonant strengths for p0 and p1 proton groups; NaCl target. Calculated new thermonuclear reaction rate.

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The solubility of Np(V) was measured in NaCl solutions ranging from 0.30 to 5.6 molal at room temperature ({approximately}21 {plus_minus} 2{degrees}C). Experiments were conducted from undersaturation and allowed to equilibrate in a CO{sub 2}-free environment for 37 days. The apparent solubility products varied with NaCl concentration and were between 10{sup -9} and 10{sup -8} mol{sup 2}{sm_bullet}L{sup -2}. Using the specific ion interaction theory (SIT), the log of the solubility product of NpO{sub 2}OH(am) at infinite dilution was found to be - 8.79 {plus_minus} 0.12. The interaction coefficient, {epsilon}(NpO{sub 2}{sup +} - Cl{sup -}), was found to be (0.08 {plus_minus} 0.05).

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer NHE protect against intracellular hydrogen overload. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer NHE protect {beta}-cells against strong acidification. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer NHE inhibitors improve myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. -- Abstract: Micro- and macrovascular complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. The Na{sup +}/H{sup +} exchanger (NHE) is a family of proteins which exchange Na{sup +} for H{sup +} according to their concentration gradients in an electroneutral manner. The exchanger also plays a key role in several other cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and cytoskeletal organization. Since not much is known on the relationship between NHE and diabetes mellitus, this review outlines the contribution of NHE to chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, such as diabetic nephropathy; diabetic cardiomyopathy.

In this study, structure changes of regenerated cellulose fibers wet-spun from a cotton linter pulp (degree of polymerization {approx}620) solution in an NaOH/urea solvent under different conditions were investigated by simultaneous synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). WAXD results indicated that the increase in flow rate during spinning produced a better crystal orientation and a higher degree of crystallinity, whereas a 2-fold increase in draw ratio only affected the crystal orientation. When coagulated in a H{sub 2}SO{sub 4}/Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4} aqueous solution at 15 {sup o}C, the regenerated fibers exhibited the highest crystallinity and a crystal orientation comparable to that of commercial rayon fibers by the viscose method. SAXS patterns exhibited a pair of meridional maxima in all regenerated cellulose fibers, indicating the existence of a lamellar structure. A fibrillar superstructure was observed only at higher flow rates (>20 m/min). The conformation of cellulose molecules in NaOH/urea aqueous solution was also investigated by static and dynamic light scattering. It was found that cellulose chains formed aggregates with a radius of gyration, R{sub g}, of about 232 nm and an apparent hydrodynamic radius, R{sub h}, of about 172 nm. The NaOH/urea solvent system is low-cost and environmentally friendly, which may offer an alternative route to replace more hazardous existing methods for the production of regenerated cellulose fibers.

The authors have evaluated and compared some of the relevant operating characteristics of NaI and plastic scintillators for use in various safeguards monitoring applications. These include a sensitivity analysis of the two scintillators to various radiation fields and scintillator response as affected by environmental temperature. A comparison of experiment and modeling via the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code has been performed to validate the calculational techniques. This then enables complex detector situations to be simulated with increased confidence.

The London penetration depth was measured in single crystals of self-doped Na1-?FeAs (from under doping to optimal doping, Tc from 14 to 27 K) and electron-doped Na(Fe1-xCox)As with x ranging from undoped, x=0, to overdoped, x=0.1. In all samples, the low-temperature variation of the penetration depth exhibits a power-law dependence, ??(T)=ATn, with the exponent that varies in a domelike fashion from n1.1 in the underdoped, reaching a maximum of n1.9 in the optimally doped, and decreasing again to n1.3 on the overdoped side. While the anisotropy of the gap structure follows a universal domelike evolution, the exponent at optimal doping, n1.9, is lower than in other charge-doped Fe-based superconductors (FeSCs). The full-temperature range superfluid density, ?s(T)=?(0)/?(T)2, at optimal doping is also distinctly different from other charge-doped FeSCs but is similar to isovalently substituted BaFe2(As1-xPx)2, believed to be a nodal pnictide at optimal doping. These results suggest that the superconducting gap in Na(Fe1-xCox)As is highly anisotropic even at optimal doping.

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the National Renewable Energy Centre (NaREC) in the United Kingdom (UK) have a mutual interest in collaborating in the development of full-scale offshore wind energy and drivetrain testing facilities. NREL and NaREC will work together to share resources and experiences in the development of future wind energy test facilities. This Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) includes sharing of test protocols, infrastructure cost data, test plans, pro forma contracting instruments, and safe operating strategies. Furthermore, NREL and NaREC will exchange staff for training and development purposes.

Reactive transport of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAH) was simulated with a process oriented multi-species-model for a model domain of 4 km2. The objective of the calculations was the quantification of NA...

Role of ethanol in sodalite crystallization in an ethanolÂ­Na2OÂ­Al2O3Â­SiO2Â­ H2O system Yi Huang 2011 DOI: 10.1039/c1ce05194f Crystallization of sodalite was studied in an ethanolÂ­Na2OÂ­Al2O3Â­SiO2Â­H2O system. The addition of ethanol was observed to significantly affect the crystallization process

This study evaluated Na-Cl-Br systematics of fluid inclusion-hosted brines in Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits from the Appalachian Basin. Unlike other geochemical tracers such as lead and strontium isotopes which constrain metal sources, Na-Cl-Br systematics identify sources of brine salinity. Saline formation waters can vary systematically within and between basins with regard to their Na-Cl-Br compositions depending on the importance of halite dissolution relative to retention of subaerially evaporated seawater for the halogen budget. Oil field brine compositions from the Illinois and Appalachian basins are quite distinct in their Na-Cl-Br systematics. Compositions of saline fluid inclusions in MVT deposits generally are consistent with these regional differences. These results shed new light on the extent of regional flow systems and on the geochemical evolution of saline fluids responsible for mineralization. Nearly all fluid inclusions analyzed from the Appalachian MVT deposits have Na/Br and Cl/Br ratios less than modern seawater, consistent with ratios observed in marine brines involved in halite precipitation. The Na-Cl-Br systematics of the brines responsible for Appalachian MVT deposits may be inherited from original marine brines refluxed into the porous carbonate shelf sediments that host these deposits. The Cl/Br and Na/Br ratios of most fluid inclusion-hosted brines from Appalachian MVT sphalerites and fluorites fall into two compositional groups, one from the Lower Cambrian paleoaquifer and another from the Lower Ordovician paleoaquifer. Leachates from most MVT barite deposits form a third compositional group having lower Na/Br and Cl/Br ratios than the other two. Appalachian MVT leachate compositions differ significantly from those in MVT deposits in the Cincinnati arch-midcontinent region suggesting that these two MVT provinces formed from brines of different origin or flow path. 59 refs., 8 figs., 2 tabs.

Paramagnetic Rh species generated in RhNa-Y and RhCa-Y zeolites after various treatments were characterized by using electron spin resonance (ESR) and electron spin-echo modulation (ESEM) spectroscopies. Activation in flowing oxygen at 500/sup 0/C ..beta..-hydrogen a considerable amount of Rh(II) located in site I in the hexagonal prism of the zeolite structure for 3 wt % Rh in RhNa-Y zeolite. Samples of 1 wt % Rh in RhNa-Y and RhCa-Y did not show any paramagnetic signals. Adsorption of various adsorbates such as water, ammonia, methanol, carbon monoxide, and oxygen on activated samples induced a considerable increase in the ESR intensities. Adsorption of oxygen and carbon monoxide yields the corresponding adducts which are located in the ..cap alpha..-cage of the zeolite structure. Hydration generated a species which is coordinated to three water molecules. Adsorption of methanol on RhNa-Y generated a species H2 which is also formed after reduction of RhNa-Y with H/sub 2/, suggesting that the methanol molecule undergoes a reaction to generate products which further reduce Rh(III) species in the ..beta..-cage of the zeolite structure to Rh(II). No significant differences were observed between RhNa-Y and RhCa-Y except for the formation of different Rh(II) species after methanol adsorption in RhCa-Y and the generation of a larger amount of Rh(II) in site I in RhNa-Y. These results are compared to previously obtained data in RhNa-X and RhCa-X to account for the effect of the cocations and the Si/Al ratio on the generation of Rh(II) species in zeolites.

The liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (Pb-Bi) has good compatibility with water, which is different from sodium. It is expected that the Pb-Bi could be used as a coolant of the deep sea fast reactor (DSFR) and the Pb-Bi- cooled direct contact boiling water small fast reactor (PBWFR). Physics analysis of the Pb-Bi-cooled small reactor cores with and without inner control rods was performed using the computer program of General Purpose Neutronics Code System (SRAC95) developed by Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI). The coolant of Pb-Bi seems to be good as well as NaK for small reactors. (authors)

Energetic positrons implanted into various ionic crystal surfaces are reemitted with a maximum kinetic energy (14.7 ± 0.7 eV for LiF) near the band-gap energy. The evidence suggests that, at least for LiF and NaF, the emission originates from bulk-formed positronium (Ps) breaking up after diffusing to the surface. In our model, the positrons are Auger emitted when the Ps electrons recombine with holes at the surface, and the spectrum of positron energies thus reflects the density of empty surface states.

NaI(Tl) large crystals are applied in the search for galactic dark matter particles through their elastic scattering off the target nuclei in the detector by measuring the scintillation signal produced. However, energies deposited in the form of nuclear recoils are small, which added to the low efficiency to convert that energy into scintillation, makes that events at or very near the energy threshold, attributed either to radioactive backgrounds or to spurious noise (non-bulk NaI(Tl) scintillation events), can compromise the sensitivity goals of such an experiment. DAMA/LIBRA experiment, using 250 kg NaI(Tl) target, reported first evidence of the presence of an annual modulation in the detection rate compatible with that expected for a dark matter signal just in the region below 6 keVee (electron equivalent energy). In the frame of the ANAIS (Annual modulation with NaI Scintillators) dark matter search project a large and long effort has been carried out in order to understand the origin of events at very low energy in large sodium iodide detectors and develop convenient filters to reject those non attributable to scintillation in the bulk NaI(Tl) crystal. 40K is probably the most relevant radioactive contaminant in the bulk for NaI(Tl) detectors because of its important contribution to the background at very low energy. ANAIS goal is to achieve levels at or below 20 ppb natural potassium. In this paper we will report on our effort to determine the 40K contamination in several NaI(Tl) crystals, by measuring in coincidence between two (or more) of them. Results obtained for the 40K content of crystals from different providers will be compared and prospects of the ANAIS dark matter search experiment will be briefly reviewed.

True inorganic spin-Peierls materials are extremely rare, but NaTiSi2O6 was at one time considered to be an ideal candidate owing to its well separated chains of edge-sharing TiO6 octahedra. At low temperatures, this material undergoes a phase transition from C2/c to P1¯ symmetry, where Ti3+?Ti3+ dimers begin to form within the chains. However, it was quickly realized with magnetic susceptibility that simple spin fluctuations do not progress to the point of enabling such a transition. Since then, considerable experimental and theoretical endeavors have been undertaken to find the true ground state of this system and explain how it manifests. Here, we employ the use of x-ray diffraction, neutron spectroscopy, and magnetic susceptibility to directly and simultaneously measure the symmetry loss, spin singlet-triplet gap, and phonon modes. A gap of 53(3) meV was observed, fit to the magnetic susceptibility, and compared to previous theoretical models to unambiguously assign NaTiSi2O6 as having an orbital-assisted Peierls ground state.

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Effects of curing temperature and NaOH addition on hydration and strength development of cement kiln dust (CKD)-fly ash (FA) binders were investigated. Pastes made with 50% CKD and 50% FA, having 0, 2, and 5% NaOH addition, and cured at temperatures of 24, 38, and 50 deg. C were evaluated. The hydration products of the binders were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests. The results indicate that the major crystalline hydration product of the CKD-FA binders is ettringite, and the ettringite is stable in the CKD-FA system at age over 100 days. Curing at elevated temperature is more effective for CKD-FA binder strength improvement than NaOH addition, the later often depressing ettringite formation in a CKD-FA system. At a proper curing temperature (38 deg. C), addition of a small amount of NaOH (2%) may increase CKD-FA binder strength; while at a high curing temperature (50 deg. C), addition of NaOH (2%) may reduce the binder strength.

An understanding of activity-composition (a/X) relations and phase equilibria for halite-bearing, mixed-species supercritical fluids is critically important in many geological and industrial applications. The authors have performed experiments on the a/X relations and phase equilibria of H{sub 2}O-CO{sub 2}-NaCl fluids at 5OO C, 500 bars, to obtain highly accurate and precise data for this ternary system. H{sub 2}O-CO{sub 2}-NaCl samples were reacted at a (H{sub 2}O) = 0.350, 0.425, 0.437, 0.448, 0.560, 0.606, 0.678, 0.798, and 0.841. Results indicate that fluids with these activities lie in the vapor-NaCl two-phase region, and that a fluid with the last value has a composition close to the three-phase (vapor + brine + halite) field. Data from these experiments and NaCl solubility runs also suggest that the vapor comer of the three-phase field lies near X(H{sub 2}O) = 0.760, X(NaCl) = 0.065, which is a significantly more water-rich composition than suggested by the model of [1].

One waste product in recycling of Al is salt cake, a mixture of Al, salts, and residue oxides. Several methods have been proposed to recycle salt cake, one involving high-temperature leaching of salts from the salt cake. The salt composition can be approximated as a mixture predominantly of NaCl and KCl salts, with lesser amounts of Mg chloride. In order to better assess the feasibility of recycling salt cake, an experimental study was conducted of phase equilibria in the system H{sub 2}O-NaCl-KCl-MgCl{sub 2} at pressure (P), temperature (T), and composition conditions appropriate for high- temperature salt cake recycling. These experiments were designed to evaluate the effect of small amounts (2-10 wt%) of MgCl{sub 2} on solubilities of halite (NaCl) and sylvite (KCl) in saturated solutions (30-50 wt% NaCl+KCl; NaCl:KCl = 1:1 and 3:1) at elevated P and T.

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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We find evidence for long-range and short-range ($\\zeta$~$=$~70~\\AA~at 4~K) incommensurate magnetic order on the quasi-face-centered-cubic (FCC) lattices of the monoclinic double perovskites La$_2$NaRuO$_6$ and La$_2$NaOsO$_6$ respectively. Incommensurate magnetic order on the FCC lattice has not been predicted by mean field theory, but may arise via a delicate balance of inequivalent nearest neighbour and next nearest neighbour exchange interactions. In the Ru system with long-range order, inelastic neutron scattering also reveals a spin gap $\\Delta$~$\\sim$~2.75~meV. Magnetic anisotropy is generally minimized in the more familiar octahedrally-coordinated $3d^3$ systems, so the large gap observed for La$_2$NaRuO$_6$ may result from the significantly enhanced value of spin-orbit coupling in this $4d^3$ material.

The electrochemical reaction of Sb and SnSb anode materials with Na results in the formation of amorphous materials. To understand the resulting phases and electrochemical capacities we studied the reaction products local order using 119Sn and 121Sb M ssbauer spectroscopies in conjunction with measurements performed on model powder compounds of Na-Sn and Na-Sb to further clarify the reactions steps. For pure Sb the discharge (sodiation) starts with the formation of an amorphous phase composed of atomic environments similar to those found in NaSb, and proceeds further by the formation of environments similar to that present in Na3Sb. The reversible reaction takes place during a large portion of the charge process. At full charge the anode material still contains a substantial fraction of Na, which explains the lack of recrystallization into crystalline Sb. The reaction of SnSb yields Na3Sb crystalline phase at full discharge at higher temperatures (65 and 95 C) while the room temperature reaction yields amorphous compounds. The electrochemically-driven, solid-state amorphization reaction occurring at room temperature is governed by the simultaneous formation of Na-coordinated Sn and Sb environments, as monitored by the decrease (increase) of the 119Sn (121Sb) M ssbauer isomer shifts. Overall, the monitoring of the hyperfine parameters enables to correlate the changes in Na content to the individual Sn and Sb local chemical environments.

The role of iron sulfide (FeS) in initial cell activation and degradation in the Na-NiCl2 battery was investigated in this work. The research focused on identifying the effects of the FeS level on the electrochemical performance and morphological changes in the cathode. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study along with battery tests revealed that FeS plays a critical role in initial battery activation by removing passivation layers on Ni particles. It was also found that the optimum level of FeS in the cathode resulted in minimum Ni particle growth and improved battery cycling performance. The results of electrochemical characterization indicated that sulfur species generated in situ during initial charging, such as polysulfide and sulfur, are responsible for removing the passivation layer. Consequently, the cells containing elemental sulfur in the cathode exhibited similar electrochemical behavior during initial charging compared to that of the cells containing FeS.

The authors report the results of ion-exchange experiments conducted on 17 commercial soda-lime-silicate (SLS) float glass and 8 experimental SLS glass compositions. A significant variation in the depth of K{sup +} penetration with relatively small changes in composition was observed. The data were fit to a multiple regression model in which the major oxides are the independent variables and depth of K{sup +} is the dependent variable. The model indicates that increased depth of exchange (increased interdiffusion coefficient) correlates predominantly with increased K{sub 2}O and/or Na{sub 2}O content of the glass, with a decreased total alkaline earth content and with the ratio of CaO/MgO.

Among the laser methods used in atomic spectroscopy, atomic fluorescence resonance spectroscopy together with an atomic ionization technique make it possible to work with individual atoms. This paper reports on the determination of Na and Ba in aqueous solutions of their salts with atomic fluorescence analysis performed wih a dye laser and lamp pumping, the pulse of generation having a length of 1-2 usec. The detection limit of elements in atomic fluorescence analysis performed wih dye lasers with lamp pumping can be reduced by increasing the spectral density of the laser radiation through narrowing the line of generation, by employing other dyes to excite lines of greater intensity, by improving the recording system of the fluorescence spectra, and by improving the atomization of the samples to be analyzed.

We study the possibility of using CsI[Na] scintillators as an advantageous target for the detection of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CENNS), using the neutrino emissions from the SNS spallation source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The response of this material to low-energy nuclear recoils like those expected from this process is characterized. Backgrounds are studied using a 2 kg low-background prototype crystal in a dedicated radiation shield. The conclusion is that a planned 14 kg detector should measure approximately 550 CENNS events per year above a demonstrated $\\sim7$ keVnr low-energy threshold, with a signal-to-background ratio sufficient for a first measurement of the CENNS cross-section. The cross-section for the $^{208}$Pb($\

The magnetic structure of the NaFeGe{sub 2}O{sub 6} monoclinic compound has been experimentally investigated using the elastic scattering of neutrons. At a temperature of 1.6 K, an incommensurate magnetic structure has been observed in the form of an antiferromagnetic helix formed by a pairs of the spins of the Fe{sup 3+} ions with helical modulation in the ac plane of the crystal lattice. The wave vector of the magnetic structure has been determined and its temperature behavior has been studied. The analysis of the temperature dependences of the specific heat and susceptibility, as well as the isotherms of the field dependence of the magnetization, has revealed the existence of not only the order-disorder magnetic phase transition at the point T{sub N} = 13 K, but also an additional magnetic phase transition at the point T{sub c} = 11.5 K, which is assumingly an orientation phase transition.

The 'devil's staircase'-type phase transition in the quarter-filled spin-ladder compound NaV{sub 2}O {sub 5} has been discovered at low temperature and high pressure by synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction. A large number of transitions are found to successively take place among higher-order commensurate phases with 2a x 2b x zc type superstructures. The observed temperature and pressure dependence of modulation wave number q{sub c}, defined by 1/z, is well reproduced by the axial next nearest neighbor Ising model. The q{sub c} is suggested to reflect atomic displacements presumably coupled with charge ordering in this system.

Abstract Double-walled reactor tubes containing thermal storage materials based on the molten carbonate salts100 wt% Na2CO3 molten salt, 90 wt% Na2CO3/10 wt% MgO and 80 wt% Na2CO3/20 wt% MgO composite materialswere studied for the performances of the reactor during the heat charging mode, while those of methane reforming with steam during heat discharging mode for solar steam reforming. The variations in the temperatures of the catalyst and storage material, methane conversion, duration of reforming for obtaining high levels of methane conversion (>90%), higher heating value (HHV) power of reformed gas and efficiency of the reactor tubes were evaluated for the double-walled reactor tubes and a single-wall reactor tube without the thermal storage. The results for the heat charging mode indicated that the composite thermal storage could successfully store the heat transferred from the exterior wall of the reactor in comparison to the pure molten-salt. The double-walled reactor tubes with the 90 wt% Na2CO3/10 wt% MgO composite material was the most desirable for steam reforming of methane to realize large HHV amounts of reformed gas and higher efficiencies during heat-discharging mode.

Photochemistry of adsorbed molecules. XV. Localized atomic scattering in the photolysis of HI reported. A semiempirical potential-energy surface pes is given for HI adsorbed on NaF, based on an earlier arrangements of the HI adsorbate molecules. Comparison with the experimental results showed that the second

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The $^{22}$Ne(p,$\\gamma$)$^{23}$Na reaction takes part in the neon-sodium cycle of hydrogen burning. This cycle is active in asymptotic giant branch stars as well as in novae and contributes to the nucleosythesis of neon and sodium isotopes. In order to reduce the uncertainties in the predicted nucleosynthesis yields, new experimental efforts to measure the $^{22}$Ne(p,$\\gamma$)$^{23}$Na cross section directly at the astrophysically relevant energies are needed. In the present work, a feasibility study for a $^{22}$Ne(p,$\\gamma$)$^{23}$Na experiment at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) 400\\,kV accelerator deep underground in the Gran Sasso laboratory, Italy, is reported. The ion beam induced $\\gamma$-ray background has been studied. The feasibility study led to the first observation of the $E_{\\rm p}$ = 186\\,keV resonance in a direct experiment. An experimental lower limit of 0.12\\,$\\times$\\,10$^{-6}$\\,eV has been obtained for the resonance strength. Informed by the feasibility study, a dedicated experimental setup for the $^{22}$Ne(p,$\\gamma$)$^{23}$Na experiment has been developed. The new setup has been characterized by a study of the temperature and pressure profiles. The beam heating effect that reduces the effective neon gas density due to the heating by the incident proton beam has been studied using the resonance scan technique, and the size of this effect has been determined for a neon gas target.

TiO2 anatase and rutile nanoparticles with various sizes and morphologies have been synthesized by very facile and scalable methods. A post-treatment including addition of LiOH or NaOH to the particles followed by heating at 180°C in air or autoclave ...

The emission of24Na and28Mg fragments in the reaction induced by 3·65 A GeV12C-ions and 3·65 GeV protons on Mn, Co, Cu, Ag, Au, and Pb targets has been studied. The experimental ratios of forward-to-backward emis...

A thermodynamic model is presented to calculate N2 solubility in pure water (273590 K and 1600 bar) and aqueous NaCl solutions (273400 K, 1600 bar and 06 mol kg?1) with or close to experimental accuracy. This model is based on a semi-empirical equation used to calculate gas phase composition of the H2ON2 system and a specific particle interaction theory for liquid phase. With the parameters evaluated from N2H2ONaCl system and using a simple approach, the model is extended to predict the N2 solubility in seawater accurately. Liquid phase density of N2H2ONaCl system at phase equilibrium and the homogenization pressure of fluid inclusions containing N2H2ONaCl can be calculated from this model. A computer code is developed for this model and can be downloaded from the website: www.geochem-model.org/programs.htm.

We present an analysis of interstellar Na I (lambda=3302.37\\AA, 3302.98\\AA), Ti II (lambda=3383.76\\AA) and Ca II K (lambda=3933.66\\AA) absorption features for 74 sightlines towards O- and B-type stars in the Galactic disc. The data were obtained from the UVES Paranal Observatory Project, at a spectral resolution of 3.75km/s and with mean signal to noise ratios per pixel of 260, 300 and 430 for the Na I, Ti II and Ca II observations, respectively. Interstellar features were detected in all but one of the Ti II sightlines and all of the Ca II sightlines. The dependence of the column density of these three species with distance, height relative to the Galactic plane, H I column density, reddening and depletion relative to the solar abundance has been investigated. We also examine the accuracy of using the Na I column density as an indicator of that for H I. In general we find similar strong correlations for both Ti and Ca, and weaker correlations for Na. Our results confirm the general belief that Ti and Ca occur in the same regions of the interstellar medium and also that the Ti II/Ca II ratio is constant over all parameters. We hence conclude that the absorption properties of Ti and Ca are essentially constant under the general interstellar medium conditions of the Galactic disc.

The association reactions involving counterions, Na+ and Mg2+, and micelles composed of the anionic surfactant, dodecylsulfate (DS?), were investigated in ultrafiltration experiments. To access the data, an innovative model was developed that considered specific counterion binding within a Stern layer, with binding constant dependent upon the electrical potential as derived by the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and with calculation of the cmc as a function of counterion binding (or association). The experimental and model results both show that magnitude of counterion binding is greater for divalent species, Mg2+, than that for the monovalent species, Na2+. However, high concentration of Na+ compete for surface area diminishing the ability of the DS? to bind either divalent species. At experimental conditions from 0 to 100 mM NaCI addition, the binding ratio (BR) varied only from 0.58 to 0.63. The optimum binding constants, \\{KMg\\} and KNa, were determined to be 0.4 and 1.0 L mol?1, respectively, for the model. The experimental data and model calculated results were generally in good agreement.

Na2WO4/CoMn/SiO2...catalyst was prepared and used for the simultaneous production of ethylene and syngas from CH4. A CH4 conversion of 38% and a yield of 21% for (C2H4 + CO), with a C2H4/CO/H2 ratio of 1/0.7/0.7...

A series of orthorhombic photocatalysts (AgNbO{sub 3}){sub 1-x}(NaNbO{sub 3}){sub x} solid solutions have been synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. The composition dependence of the photophysical and photocatalytic properties of synthesized solid solutions has been investigated systematically. With an increase in the content of NaNbO{sub 3}, we found that (1) the lattice parameters decreased; (2) the Nb-O bond length in NbO{sub 6} octahedron reduced; (3) the band gap increased; and (4) the mean particle size decreased while the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area increased. Photocatalytic activities of the (AgNbO{sub 3}){sub 1-x}(NaNbO{sub 3}){sub x} (0{<=}x{<=}0.5) samples were evaluated from gaseous 2-propanol (IPA) decomposition into acetone and CO{sub 2} under visible-light irradiation emitted from blue-light-emitting diodes (BLEDs; light intensity: 0.01 mW cm{sup -2}). Among all the samples, the (AgNbO{sub 3}){sub 0.6}(NaNbO{sub 3}){sub 0.4} sample showed the highest photocatalytic activity. - Graphical abstract: A series of orthorhombic photocatalysts (AgNbO{sub 3}){sub 1-x}(NaNbO{sub 3}){sub x} solid solutions have been synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. The composition dependence of the photophysical and photocatalytic properties of synthesized solid solutions has been investigated systematically. The solid solutions show higher visible-light photocatalytic activities for gaseous IPA decomposition in comparison with AgNbO{sub 3}, although the light intensity is 0.01 mW cm{sup -2}. Rate of acetone evolution under visible-light irradiation as a function of NaNbO{sub 3} content in (AgNbO{sub 3}){sub 1-x}(NaNbO{sub 3}){sub x}. The inset is the spectrum of BLEDs. The light intensity is 0.01 mW cm{sup -2}.

Cp2Yb·2THF reacts with CpNa in 1:1 molar ratio in THF at 40°C for 2 h, and the in situ generated anionic divalent complex NaYbCp3(THF)n reacts further with an excess of CpH at 40°C for 48 h, after work-up, afford...

ECO2N is a fluid property module for the TOUGH2 simulator (Version 2.0) that was designed for applications to geologic sequestration of CO{sub 2} in saline aquifers. It includes a comprehensive description of the thermodynamics and thermophysical properties of H{sub 2}O-NaCl-CO{sub 2} mixtures, that reproduces fluid properties largely within experimental error for the temperature, pressure and salinity conditions of interest (10 C {le} T {le} 110 C; P {le} 476 bar; salinity up to full halite saturation). Flow processes can be modeled isothermally or non-isothermally, and phase conditions represented may include a single (aqueous or CO{sub 2}-rich) phase, as well as two-phase mixtures. Fluid phases may appear or disappear in the course of a simulation, and solid salt may precipitate or dissolve. This report gives technical specifications of ECO2N and includes instructions for preparing input data. Code applications are illustrated by means of several sample problems, including problems that had been previously investigated in a code intercomparison study.

Mini-split heat pumps are being proposed as a new retrofit option to replace resistance heating in the Pacific Northwest. NREL has previously developed a field test protocol for mini-split systems to ensure consistent results from field tests. This report focuses on the development of detailed system performance maps for mini-split heat pumps so that the potential benefits of mini-split systems can be accurately analyzed for different climate regions and housing types. This report presents laboratory test results for two mini-split heat pumps. Steady-state heating and cooling performance for the Fujitsu 12RLS and Mitsubishi FE12NA was tested under a wide range of outdoor and indoor temperatures at various compressor and fan speeds. Cycling performance for each unit was also tested under both modes of operation. Both systems performed quite well under low loads and the experimental test data aligned with manufacturer reported values. Adequate datasets were attained to promote performance modeling of these two systems in the future.

Electronic band structures for Ba6Ge25 and Ba4Na2Ge25 clathrates are calculated using linear muffin-tin orbital method within the local-density approximation. It is found that barium states strongly contribute to the density of states at the Fermi level and thus can influence the transport properties of the compounds. A sharp peak of the density of states is found just at the Fermi level. It is also shown that the shifting of barium atoms toward experimentally deduced split positions in Ba6Ge25 produces a splitting of this peak which may be interpreted as a band Jahn-Teller effect. If the locking of the barium atoms at the observed structural phase transition is assumed, this reduction of the density of states at the Fermi level can account for the experimentally observed decrease of the magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity at the phase transition, and the values of density of states are in agreement with low-temperature specific-heat measurements and variation of superconducting transition temperature with pressure.

In experiments at 600°C in the system NaCI-KCI-H2O, within the analytical uncertainty, stoichiometric quantities of Cl and total alkali metals (Na+K) appear to dissolve in steam coexisting with chloride-rich brine at high pressures in the absence of solid salt. In contrast, at lower pressures, where steam coexists with precipitated salts, significant excess chloride as associated hydrogen chloride (HCI°) dissolves in steam. The HCI° appears to be generated by the reaction of solid NaCl(s) (halite) with steam, producing solid NaOH(s) that diffuses into halite, forming a solid solution. Where HCI° is present highly associated NaOH° as well as associated NaCI° appear to dissolve in steam, and the solubility of each is increased as the mole fraction of NaOH(s) in halite increases. In our quasi-static experiments, compared to dynamic flow-through experiments of others, higher initial ratios of H2O/NaCI have resulted in higher mole fractions of NaOH(s) in solid solution in halite and, accordingly, higher solubilities of NaCI" and NaOH" dissolved in steam. Addition of quartz to the system NaCI-KCI-H2O results in the formation of sodium disilicate by reaction of silica with NaOH(s) and an order of magnitude increase in the concentration of HCl° dissolved in steam. In natural hydrothermal systems at lower temperatures where brine or brine plus steam are present in the absence of precipitated salt, the pH of the brine is controlled mainly by base exchange reactions involving a variety of silicates that fix Na+/H+ and K+/H+ activity ratios. Where feldspars are present pH values generally are near neutral. Where mica, but no feldspar is present pH values may become only moderately acid. High acidity in salt-absent brine systems occurs only where all feldspars and mica have been altered to other minerals (generally pyrophyllite/ kaolinite or alunite). The situation changes significantly when salt precipitates. Hydrolysis produces HCI° by the reaction of water with NaCl when halite is present. The NaOH(s) that is produced as a byproduct is likely to react with quartz plus various alumino-silicates, producing a variety of alteration products and allowing steam to become greatly enriched in HCl° compared to the composition of steam that is attained in the simple system NaCI-KCI-H2O with halite present. Also, when a natural high-temperature hydrothermal system changes from one in which the pore fluid is brine to one in which the pore fluid is dry steam there is a drastic change in Na+/H+ and K+/H+ activity ratios in the pore fluid because the hydrogen ions that were predominantly dissociated species in the brine become predominantly associated species in steam. The net result is the stabilization of alkali feldspars in contact with steam that may contain appreciable HCI° that is produced by the reaction of precipitated salt with the steam.

Abstract Effect of UV illumination on the NaCl-induced atmospheric corrosion of 09CuPCrNi weathering steel (WS) was qualitatively and quantitatively studied in this work. UV illumination strongly affects the NaCl-induced atmospheric corrosion process of 09CuPCrNi WS mainly through the photovoltaic effect of the corrosion products with semiconductor properties. The photogenerated electrons and holes can directly participate in the cathodic and anodic reactions and thus directly affect the atmospheric corrosion rate of 09CuPCrNi WS. Meanwhile, the photogenerated electrons and holes can directly involve in the corrosion product formation process and therefore affect the performance of the corrosion product layer formed under UV illumination.

We report electronic transport measurements on high quality floating zone grown NaxCoO2 and Na0.41CoO2·0.6H2O single crystals. We find an in-plane electronic scattering minimum near 11 K and a clear charge ordering at approximately 50 K. The electronic and magnetic properties in hydrated and nonhydrated Na0.41CoO2 samples are similar at higher temperature, but evolve in markedly different ways below ?50??K, where a strong ferromagnetic tendency is observed in the hydrated sample. Model calculations show the relationship of this tendency to the structure of the Fermi surface. The results, particularly the clear differences between the hydrated and nonhydrated material show a substantially enhanced ferromagnetic tendency upon hydration. Implications for superconductivity are discussed.

The electronic, structural and phonon properties of LiMZrO{sub 3} (M=Na, K) were investigated by the density functional theory and lattice phonon dynamics. Their thermodynamic properties for CO{sub 2} absorption/desorption were analyzed in comparison with the corresponding M{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3}. Two substituted configurations of LiMZrO{sub 3} were created from Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3}. Both types of LiNaZrO3 have direct band gaps with values of 3.84 eV and 3.49 eV respectively. While in the case of LiKZrO{sub 3}, one type has an indirect band gap of 3.79 eV between ? and M high symmetric points while another has a direct band gap of 3.12 eV. The phonon dispersions and phonon density of states of LiMZrO{sub 3} were calculated with the direct method. From the calculated thermodynamic properties of LiMZrO{sub 3} reacting with CO{sub 2}, our results showed that by doping Na into Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3}, the obtained new solid LiNaZrO{sub 3} has better performance as a CO{sub 2} sorbent applying to post-combustion capture technology. For K doping into Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3}, our calculated thermodynamic results showed that the new solid LiKZrO{sub 3} does not gain improvement on its CO{sub 2} capture performance because its regeneration temperature is much higher than Li{sub 2}ZrO{sub 3}.

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "na na 1991-2013" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Free-Standing Na2/3Fe1/2Mn1/2O2@Graphene Film for a Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode ... Graphene is a well-known material endowed with numerous advantages that have led to its extensive use as a conductive additive in Li-ion batteries, including superior electronic conductivity, a large surface area, and excellent mechanical strength. ...

Enhancing upconversion emissions of NaTm0.02YbxY0.98Ã?xF4 nanocrystals through increasing Yb3 Ã¾ the enhancement of the 470 nm emissions, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. & 2011 Elsevier B are vital to realize multicolor fluorescence bio-labels [3,4]. Blue UC emissions can also excite several FDA

For the commercialization of extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), discharge or laser produced, pulsed plasma light sources are being considered. These sources are known to emit into a broad range of wavelengths that are collectively referred to as the out-of-band (OOB) radiation by lithographers. Multilayer EUV optics reflect OOB radiation emitted by the EUV sources onto the wafer plane resulting in unwanted background exposure of the resist (flare) and reduced image contrast. The reflectivity of multilayer optics at the target wavelength of 13.5 nm is comparable to that of their reflectivity in the deep ultraviolet (DUV) and UV regions from 100-350 nm. The aromatic molecular backbones of many of the resists used for EUV are equally absorptive at specific DUV wavelengths as well. In order to study the effect of these wavelengths on imaging performance in a real system, we are in the process of integrating a DUV source into the SEMATECH Berkeley 0.3-NA Microfield Exposure Tool (MET). The MET plays an active role in advanced research in resist and mask development for EUVL and as such, we will utilize this system to systematically evaluate the imaging impact of DUV wavelengths in a EUV system. In this paper, we present the optical design for the new DUV component and the simulation-based imaging results predicting the potential impact of OOB based on known resist, mask, and multilayer conditions. It should be noted that because the projection optics work equally well as imaging optics at DUV wavelengths, the OOB radiation cannot be treated simply as uniform background or DC flare.

This paper presents a detailed structure analysis (combined Rietveld analysis of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction data as well as quantum mechanical calculations) of the high temperature phase of Mn{sub 3}(VO{sub 4}){sub 2} (space group I4 Macron 2d). Special attention is directed to the analysis of the local coordination around Mn{sup 2+} ions or vacancies within a stella quadrangula configuration of anions. Furthermore, the new compound NaMn{sub 4}(VO{sub 4}){sub 3} is described as well as a range of mixed crystals between NaMn{sub 4}(VO{sub 4}){sub 3} and Mn{sub 3}(VO{sub 4}){sub 2} (described by the formula Na{sub x}Mn{sub 4.5-x/2}(VO{sub 4}){sub 3}, 0{<=}x{<=}1) which were synthesized by a solid state route. All compounds were shown to be isostructural to the high temperature phase Mn{sub 3}(VO{sub 4}){sub 2}. - Graphical abstract: The crystal structure of the new compound NaMn{sub 4}(VO{sub 4}){sub 3}. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We present neutron and X-ray diffraction studies on high temperature-Mn{sub 3}(VO{sub 4}){sub 2}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Structural details of partly filled stellae quadrangulae positions are discussed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Refined structural parameters and theoretical calculations are compared. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We investigate the mixed crystal system Mn{sub 3}(VO{sub 4}){sub 2}-NaMn{sub 4}(VO{sub 4}){sub 3}.

-NaCl solutions was measured at 2, 4.35, 10 and 15 kbar and 500Â­900Â°C, and at NaCl concentrations up to halite . At very high salinities, approaching halite saturation, the isobars of quartz solubility as a function.5, but begin to curve to lower values at 900Â°C, where high salinities are attained before halite saturation

H(IO3)2- and M(IO3)2- (M = Li, Na, K) anions were successfully produced via electrospray ionization of their corresponding bulk salt solutions, and were characterized by combining negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The photoelectron spectra reveal that all these M(IO3)2- species possess very high vertical detachment energies (VDEs), to be 6.25, 6.57, 6.60 and 6.51 eV for H(IO3)2-, Li(IO3)2-, Na(IO3)2- and K(IO3)2-, respectively, which are much higher than that of IO3- (4.77 eV). The theoretical calculations show that each of these anions has two energetically degenerated optical isomers. It is found that the structure of H(IO3)2- can be written as IO3-(HIO3), in which the H atom is tightly bound to one of the IO3- groups and forms an iodic acid (HIO3) molecule; while the structures of M(IO3)2- can be written as (IO3-)M+(IO3-), in which the alkali metal atoms interact with the two IO3- groups almost equally and bridge the two IO3- groups via two O atoms of each IO3- with the two MOOI planes nearly perpendicular to each other. In addition, the high VDEs of M(IO3)2- (M = Li, Na, K) can be explained by the hyperhalogen behavior of their neutral counterparts.

In order to reduce the thermalization losses in solar cells, down-conversion of blue photons into near infra-red photons is a promising solution. In the present paper, we analyse the energy transfer processes between Pr{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 3+} in NaLaF{sub 4} and we show that an efficient quantum-cutting process occurs. Nevertheless, we also show that a back transfer from Yb{sup 3+} toward the {sup 1}G{sub 4} level of Pr{sup 3+} ion leading to emission beyond 1??m reduces the potentiality of this material as a quantum cutter for Si solar cells.

Highlights: {yields} Structural properties of BetaM and Na,K-ATPase {beta}-subunits are sharply different. {yields} BetaM protein is concentrated in nuclear membrane of skeletal myocytes. {yields} BetaM does not associate with a Na,K-ATPase {alpha}-subunit in skeletal muscle. {yields} Polypeptide chain of the native BetaM is highly sensitive to endogenous proteases. {yields} BetaM in neonatal muscle is a product of alternative splice mRNA variant B. -- Abstract: ATP1B4 genes represent a rare instance of the orthologous gene co-option that radically changed functions of encoded BetaM proteins during vertebrate evolution. In lower vertebrates, this protein is a {beta}-subunit of Na,K-ATPase located in the cell membrane. In placental mammals, BetaM completely lost its ancestral role and through acquisition of two extended Glu-rich clusters into the N-terminal domain gained entirely new properties as a muscle-specific protein of the inner nuclear membrane possessing the ability to regulate gene expression. Strict temporal regulation of BetaM expression, which is the highest in late fetal and early postnatal myocytes, indicates that it plays an essential role in perinatal development. Here we report the first structural characterization of the native eutherian BetaM protein. It should be noted that, in contrast to structurally related Na,K-ATPase {beta}-subunits, the polypeptide chain of BetaM is highly sensitive to endogenous proteases that greatly complicated its isolation. Nevertheless, using a complex of protease inhibitors, a sample of authentic BetaM was isolated from pig neonatal skeletal muscle by a combination of ion-exchange and lectin-affinity chromatography followed by SDS-PAGE. Results of the analysis of the BetaM tryptic digest using MALDI-TOF and ESI-MS/MS mass spectrometry have demonstrated that native BetaM in neonatal skeletal muscle is a product of alternative splice mRNA variant B and comprised of 351 amino acid residues. Isolated BetaM protein was also characterized by SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry before and after deglycosylation. This allowed us to determine that the carbohydrate moiety of BetaM has molecular mass 5.9 kDa and consists of short high-mannose type N-glycans. The results of direct analysis of the purified native eutherian BetaM protein provide first insights into structural properties underlying its entirely new evolutionarily acquired functions.

By replacing the A and B magnets of the conventional molecular-beam-resonance technique with laser optical-pumping regions, we have developed a method for the observation of hfs in a single molecular-vibration-rotation level of arbitrary J. We obtain for the electric quadrupole and spin-rotation constants of the X?g1+, v??=0, J??=28 level of Na2: eqQ=-463.7±0.9 kHz; |c|=0.17±0.03 kHz. We also report the first observation of a spin-rotation transition.

A novel electrochemical setup has been developed for soft x-ray absorption studies of the electronic structure of electrode materials during electrochemical cycling. In this communication we illustrate the operation of the cell with a study of the corrosion behavior of copper in aqueous NaHCO3 solution via the electrochemically induced changes of its electronic structure. This development opens the way for in situ investigations of electrochemical processes, photovoltaics, batteries, fuel cells, water splitting, corrosion, electrodeposition, and a variety of important biological processes.

By changing the concentration of JahnTeller active Mn3+, the relative stabilities of post-spinel phases can be easily monitored. ... fluoride-based open framework (hexagonal-tungsten-bronze-type FeF3·0.33H2O) as Li- and Na-storage cathode material, characterized by a topotactically solid-solid phase transformation and particle nanosizing with a 100% conversion yield. ... With a focus on the intercalation mechanism, we compare different strategies proposed in the literature for developing Mg battery cathodes, like the use of (a) nanoscale cathode materials; (b) hybrid intercalation compds. ...

In this study the influence of ultraviolet (UV) light on the corrosion behavior of weathering steel with and without TiO2 coating has been investigated in 3% NaCl solution, using anodic polarization, dipping and dropping tests. In polarization tests a large negative shift of corrosion potential appeared for the TiO2-coated specimen in UV light. The weight loss of the steels with and without TiO2 film increased under UV light in the dipping test, while they decreased in the dropping test. The rust formed on the weathering steel showed a semiconductor like behavior, similar to that shown by TiO2 film.

Regenerated cellulose fibers were fabricated by dissolution of cotton linter pulp in NaOH (9.5 wt%) and thiourea (4.5 wt%) aqueous solution followed by wet-spinning and multi-roller drawing. The multi-roller drawing process involved three stages: coagulation (I), coagulation (II) and post-treatment (III). The crystalline structure and morphology of regenerated cellulose fiber was investigated by synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. Results indicated that only the cellulose II crystal structure was found in regenerated cellulose fibers, proving that the cellulose crystals were completely transformed from cellulose I to II structure during spinning from NaOH/thiourea aqueous solution. The crystallinity, orientation and crystal size at each stage were determined from the WAXD analysis. Drawing of cellulose fibers in the coagulation (II) bath (H{sub 2}SO{sub 4}/H{sub 2}O) was found to generate higher orientation and crystallinity than drawing in the post-treatment (III). Although the post-treatment process also increased crystal orientation, it led to a decrease in crystallinity with notable reduction in the anisotropic fraction. Compared with commercial rayon fibers fabricated by the viscose process, the regenerated cellulose fibers exhibited higher crystallinity but lower crystal orientation. SAXS results revealed a clear scattering maximum along the meridian direction in all regenerated cellulose fibers, indicating the formation of lamellar structure during spinning.

The useful life of superheaters and reheaters of power stations which use heavy oil as fuel are shortened and their continuous service is inhibited by corrosion and creep type problems. The increase of corrosion attack of boilers is caused by the presence of fuel ash deposits containing mainly V, Na and S which form low melting point compounds. In this context, the tubes are exposed to the action of high stresses and high temperatures producing the so called ``creep damage.`` In this work, two kinds of results are reported: laboratory and field studies using stainless steels. The laboratory work was also divided into two parts. In the first one, the steel was exposed under the action of natural ash-deposits in oxidant atmospheres at 600 C for 24 hours. In the second one, tensile specimens were creep-tested in Na{sub 2}SO{sub 4}, V{sub 2}O{sub 5} and a mixture at 580--620 C interval.

Abstract In order to evaluate hydrate-based desalination (HBD), experiments with seawater samples were carried out at various conditions (i.e. hydraulic pressure, washing step, and hydrate-forming gas). Before and after the hydrate process, cations (Na+, K+, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, and B3 +) and anions (Cl? and SO42 ?) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and ion chromatography (IC). In a single stage of CO2 hydrate process without any pretreatment, 71%94% of each cation was removed in the following order: K+ > Na+ ? Mg2 + ? Ca2 + > B3 + and 73%83% of each anion was removed. When the brines on the surface of hydrate pellets were removed, the ion removal efficiency increased above 4%. It was also found that the desalting efficiency depended on the hydrate-forming gas (CO2 > CH4) and the hydraulic pressure (610 MPa) to produce hydrate pellets. In this study, the removal efficiency of cations and anions in a real seawater sample using HBD processes were reported for the first time.

Photoexcited electrons pathway from thin film consisting of semiconductor particles to electrode was tried to develop by using conducting polymers. PEDOT/PSS and polyaniline was selected as transparent conducting polymer material. In the case of the cell consisted by using polyaniline, it was confirmed that conductive emeraldine salt stated polyaniline converted to non-conductive emeraldine base state because of contact with strong basic Na{sub 2}S{sub 4} electrolyte solution. On the other hand, as regards the cell with PEDOT/PSS, it was expected that positive and negative electrode short-circuited and/or Schottky junction was formed between CdS and PEDOT/PSS. The formation of Schottky junction between CdS and PEDOT/PSS was reduced the kinetic energy of the photoexcited electrons to 5.1eV which was the Fermi level of PEDOT. These electrons could not reduce Na{sub 2}S{sub 4} electrolyte solution since oxidation-reduction potential was 4.1eV. As a result, it considered that photoexcited electrons transfer was restricted, which read the decreasement of mobility of photoexcited electron, while the cell without PEDOT/PSS could operate as a solar cell.

Abstract Alkali mixed diatomic molecules exhibit significant permanent dipole moment. They constitute a prototype of an ultra-cold quantum gas, which makes them candidates for fundamental quantum processes. This requires knowledge of their accurate electronic properties to guide the ongoing experiments. For this purpose, we have investigated the structure and spectroscopic properties of the first electronic states of 1,3?+, 1,3?, 1,3? symmetries for LiNa, LiK, LiRb, and LiCs molecules. We have used an ab initio approach based on pseudopotential techniques: parameterized l-dependent polarization potentials and full configuration interaction calculations through the CIPCI quantum chemistry package. The spectroscopic constants (Re, De, ?e, ?exe, and Be) of these states are derived and compared with the available theoretical and experimental work. In addition to the potential energy, accurate permanent and transition dipole moments are determined for a wide range of internuclear distances. A systematic study and analysis of the trend of the permanent dipole moments around the equilibrium distance of the ground state of LiX (X = Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr) molecules are done. The results, compared to available theoretical and experimental work, show good agreement.

The oxyhydrates Na{sub 0.85}Co{sub 2}SbO{sub 6}·1.7H{sub 2}O and Na{sub 0.95}Ni{sub 2}SbO{sub 6}·1.5H{sub 2}O were prepared by Br{sub 2} oxidation of Na{sub 3}Co{sub 2}SbO{sub 6} and Na{sub 3}Ni{sub 2}SbO{sub 6} and exposure to ambient air. Their composition and structure are characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis and powder X-ray diffraction. Both form monolayer hydrates with metal cations (Co or Ni) near the 3+ oxidation state. In the parent materials, MO{sub 6} octahedra surround SbO{sub 6} units, forming a honeycomb geometry; Rietveld refinement of the hydrate phases indicate that this motif is retained. Magnetic susceptibility plots display paramagnetic behavior and CurieWeiss fits support the 3+ oxidation state (low spin d{sup 6}s=0 for Co and low spin d{sup 7}s=1/2 for Ni). Close inspection of the Ni hydrates susceptibility reveals a feature at 6.2 K and a non-linear magnetization at 2 K with no saturation up to 9 T. Heat capacity measurements show a large amount of excess entropy in the Ni hydrate in the 220 K temperature range, while the heat capacity of the Co hydrate can be described by a simple lattice contribution. The Ni hydrate sample is easily dehydrated by heating above 100 °C and forms a new Na-deficient phase, Na{sub 0.95}Ni{sub 2}SbO{sub 6}, which is stable at room temperature. Magnetic susceptibility of this phase is consistent with the Ni atom remaining in the 3+ oxidation state after dehydration. - Graphical abstract: Powder diffraction patterns of Na{sub 3}Ni{sub 2}SbO{sub 6}, Na{sub 0.95}Ni{sub 2}SbO{sub 6}·1.5H{sub 2}O and Na{sub 0.95}Ni{sub 2}SbO{sub 6}. Each pattern has been normalized in intensity. Cartoons depict the change in layer separation with hydration and give the approximate distances between layers and Ni atoms. Highlights:  New oxyhydrate phases with honeycomb lattices are formed.  CurieWeiss fits indicate Ni{sup 3+} (s=1/2).  Heat capacity shows a large release of entropy for Ni phase, likely due to a complex magneto-structural phase transition.

Safety assessments of nuclear waste repositories often require estimation of actinide solubilities as a function of groundwater composition. Although considerable amount of research has been done on the solubility and speciation of actinides, relatively little has been done to unify these data into a model applicable to concentrate brines. Numerous authors report data on the aqueous chemical properties of Np(V) in NaClO{sub 4}, Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3}, and NaCl media, but a consistent thermodynamic model for predicting these properties is not available. To meet this need, a model was developed to describe the solubility of Np(V) in Na-Cl-ClO{sub 4}-CO{sub 3} aqueous systems, based on the Pitzer activity coefficient formalism for concentrated electrolytes. Hydrolysis and/or carbonate complexation are the dominant aqueous reactions with neptunyl in these systems. Literature data for neptunyl extraction and solubility, and solubility data that the authors developed, are used to parameterize an integrated model for Np(V) solubility in the Np(V)-Na-CO{sub 3}-HCO{sub 3}-Cl-ClO{sub 4}-H-OH-H{sub 2}O system. The resulting model is tested against additional solubility data, and compared with Np(V) solubility experiments in complex synthetic brines.

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Halite solubility along part of the vapor-saturated liquidus in the system NaCl-CaCl{sub 2}-H{sub 2}O has been determined using the synthetic fluid inclusion technique. Data allow the construction of liquidus isotherms for temperatures up to 500{degree}C and bulk compositions containing >60 wt% total salt and as much as 25 wt% CaCl{sub 2}. Combined with previous data for the binary system NaCl-H{sub 2}O and for the ternary system NaCl-CaCl{sub 2}-H{sub 2}O in the low-salinity, low-temperature region, a preliminary ternary phase diagram can be constructed that remains incomplete only in the CaCl{sub 2}-rich region. Results are applied to the interpretation of saline fluid inclusions from quartz veins in oceanic metagabbros, and can be applied to many other natural inclusions containing aqueous solutions with NaCl and CaCl{sub 2} the dominant solutes. Microthermometric measurements at equilibrium of the melting temperature of ice (Tm (ice)) and of the dissolution temperature of halite (Tm (halite)) are sufficient to determine the bulk composition of the NaCl-CaCl{sub 2}-H{sub 2}O fluid.

Abstract Phase separation has been proposed as a possible mechanism contributing to the Fe isotope composition of hydrothermal fluids at mid-ocean ridges. The uncertainty results largely from the emphasis on field data that can involve competing processes that obscure cause and effect of any one process. To better understand the potential significance of phase separation in the NaClFeH2O system on Fe isotope fractionation, temperature and pressure of a Fe-bearing NaCl fluid in a titanium flow reactor were carefully adjusted to produce vapor ± liquid ± halite, while the Fe isotope composition between coexisting phases was monitored. Two different PT regions were emphasized: (1) 424420?°C, 35.231.5 MPa; and (2) 464466?°C, 29.824.7 MPa. Both regions were chosen to simulate the range of physical conditions that are experienced by hydrothermal fluids at mid-ocean ridges (MORs). Decompression induced phase separation in both PT regions results in the vapor phase becoming enriched in the heavier isotopes of Fe, as the Fe/Cl ratio decreases. The coexisting NaCl-rich liquid phase remains essentially constant with respect to Fe/Cl ratio and Fe isotope composition. Coinciding with the lowest vapor chlorinity in the vaporliquid stability field, the Fe/Cl ratio of the vapor abruptly increases, while the Fe isotope fractionation between the vapor and liquid ( 10 3 ln ? ? V / L 56 / 54 ) reached a maximum value of + 0.145 ± 0.048  . Subsequently, Fe isotope fractionation decreased upon transition into the vaporhalite stability field (PT region 2). We infer that the observed Fe isotope fractionation between vapor ± liquid ± halite is caused by differences in Fe speciation among coexisting chloride-bearing phases. The experimental study confirms for the first time that measurable Fe isotope variability can result from phase separation in high temperature hydrothermal systems. The species-dependent Fe isotope fractionation reported here is small relative to predicted mineralmineral and mineralfluid fractionations, especially if redox effects are involved as might occur during vent fluidseawater mixing reactions and/or magmatic activity associated with seafloor eruptive episodes.

The first-principles calculations are performed to investigate the cubic phase composite K{sub 1-x}Na{sub x}TaO{sub 3}(x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1), by using density functional theory (DFT) with the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method. The energy band structures, density of states (DOS), electron density and optical properties are obtained. The results show that Na ion plays an important role in K{sub 1-x}Na{sub x}TaO{sub 3}. With the content of Na ion increasing, the changes of lattice parameters, energy gaps, bond lengths and optical properties of K{sub 1-x}Na{sub x}TaO{sub 3} are regular. Moreover, the dependence of ferroelectric photocatalysis on both optical properties and internal electronic structure are analyzed in detail. It is proposed that the doped materials are promising photocatalytic materials. - Graphical abstract: The density of states (DOS) of K{sub 1-x}Na{sub x}TaO{sub 3} (x=0.5). Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The first-principles calculations are performed, by using DFT with FP-LAPW method. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The changes of internal electronic structure and optical property of doped materials are regular. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The dependence of ferroelectric photocatalysis on optical properties is analyzed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The dependence of ferroelectric photocatalysis on internal electronic structure is analyzed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The doped materials are promising photocatalytic materials.

Zhao, Na [Department of Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China) [Department of Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China); College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073 (China); Wang, Yue-Hua, E-mail: wyhxxll@163.com [Department of Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China)] [Department of Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China); Wang, Qing-Xi; Hu, Wen-Jing [Department of Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China)] [Department of Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116 (China)

In situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APPES) and scanning force microscopy were used to characterize the surface discharge induced by water layers grown on (001) surfaces of sodium chloride single crystals. The APPES studies show that both kinetic energy (KE) and full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the Na 2s and Cl 2p core level peaks, monitored as a function of relative humidity (RH), mimic surface conductivity curves measured using scanning force microscopy. The KE position and FWHM of the core level peaks therefore are directly related to the solvation and diffusion of ions at the NaCl(100) surface upon adsorption of water.

Estimates for the pressure decline in high TDS geothermal fluids containing dissolved gases are extremely sensitive to the PVT representation of the reservoir fluid. Significant errors in predicted pressures will occur if the geothermal fluid is represented by one or two pseudo components with modified water properties. As a result, we have developed a PVT model to predict the thermodynamic properties of a prototype geothermal fluid as represented by three-component H{sub 2}O-CO{sub 2}-NaCl mixtures. The range of applicability of the model is: Temperatures from 75 to 700+ F, pressures from 14.7 to 5000 psi, carbon dioxide content from 0-5 wt%, and salt concentrations to 30 wt%. The model has been implemented into Unocal's version of a commercially available reservoir simulator and is currently being used to study one of Unocal's high salinity reservoirs located in the Imperial Valley of California.

Currently, the analysis of transmission spectra is the most successful technique to probe the chemical composition of exoplanet atmospheres. But the accuracy of these measurements is constrained by observational limitations and the diversity of possible atmospheric compositions. Here we show the UV-VIS-IR transmission spectrum of Jupiter, as if it were a transiting exoplanet, obtained by observing one of its satellites, Ganymede, while passing through Jupiter's shadow i.e., during a solar eclipse from Ganymede. The spectrum shows strong extinction due to the presence of clouds (aerosols) and haze in the atmosphere, and strong absorption features from CH4. More interestingly, the comparison with radiative transfer models reveals a spectral signature, which we attribute here to a Jupiter stratospheric layer of crystalline H2O ice. The atomic transitions of Na are also present. These results are relevant for the modeling and interpretation of giant transiting exoplanets. They also open a new technique to explore...

X-ray and Raman measurements show that crystalline Ca(NO3)2/NaNO3 becomes amorphous above a pressure of 9.4 GPa. Upon release of the pressure, the crystalline state returns. We report reversible pressure-induced amorphization for a substance that can be prepared as a melt-quenched glass at ambient pressure. We suggest a mechanism for the amorphization based on the formation of a noncrystallographic packing of polytetrahedral units. A consideration of several pressure-induced amorphizations indicates that polytetrahedral amorphization mechanisms are appropriate for nondirectionally bonded materials, but are not appropriate for solids where covalent and hydrogen bonding predominates. Polytetrahedral ordering provides a link between amorphous states formed by compression and those formed by more conventional methods at ambient pressure (e.g., melt quenching).

The linearly polarized spectrum of the solar limb radiation produced by scattering processes is of great diagnostic potential for exploring the magnetism of the solar atmosphere. This spectrum shows an impressive richness of spectral details and enigmatic Q/I signals, whose physical origin must be clearly understood before they can be exploited for diagnostic purposes. The most enduring enigma is represented by the polarization signals observed in the D{sub 1} resonance lines of Na I (5896 A) and Ba II (4934 A), which were expected to be intrinsically unpolarizable. The totality of sodium and 18% of barium have hyperfine structure (HFS), and it has been argued that the only way to produce a scattering polarization signal in such lines is through the presence of a substantial amount of atomic polarization in their lower HFS levels. The strong sensitivity of these long-lived levels to depolarizing mechanisms led to the paradoxical conclusion that the observed D{sub 1}-line polarization is incompatible with the presence in the lower solar chromosphere of inclined magnetic fields sensibly stronger than 0.01 G. Here we show that by properly taking into account the fact that the solar D{sub 1}-line radiation has a non-negligible spectral structure over the short frequency interval spanned by the HFS transitions, it is possible to produce scattering polarization signals in the D{sub 1} lines of Na I and Ba II without the need of ground-level polarization. The resulting linear polarization is not so easily destroyed by elastic collisions and/or magnetic fields.

Halite solubilities along the three-phase curve in the binary system NaCl-H/sub 2/O determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) experiment can be represented by the discussed equation where 447 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 800/sup 0/C. Even though these halite solubilities are up to approx. 7 wt.% higher than those reported in literature, extrapolated values at temperatures below 447/sup 0/C merge with the literature values. It is considered that the equation adequately describes halite solubilities between 382 and 800/sup 0/C. The newly established solubility data are believed to be more reliable because they are compatible with data obtained by using synthetic fluid inclusions and with the observed DTA signals and also because they were measured in a relatively corrosion-free system. In an earlier publication the authors were puzzled greatly by multiple and rather unreproducible DTA peaks appearing during isobaric cooling at pressures below about 500 bars. These DTA signals apparently suggested that the halite liquidus swung sharply upward in temperature as pressure decreased from about 500 bars to that of the halite-saturated boiling curve. Further analysis of the data and helpful discussions with several individuals have revealed that the behavior is a consequence of the initial separation of the fluid into NaCl-poor gas and NaCl-rich liquid that failed to homogenize in the short time encompassed by the DTA experiments. The present analysis is based on extrapolations of the dP/dT slopes from pressures above 500 bars.

This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 LLNL States of Matter Â­ FI Advanced Concepts Exploration Â­ Virtual Lab for Technology ITER NIF Burning Plasma

?The melting reaction: albite(solid)+ H2O(fluid) =albite-H2O(melt) has been determined in the presence of H2ONaCl fluids at 5 and 9.2?kbar, and results compared with those obtained in presence of H2OCO2 fluids....

The location of the liquid + vapor {yields} liquid phase boundary and the P-T slopes of iso-Th lines were determined for a constant composition of 40 {+-} 0.1 wt% NaCl 5 {+-} 0.15 mol% CO{sub 2} (both relative) to H{sub 2}O at high density. Synthetic fluid inclusions with this composition were formed in cold-seal pressure vessels at pressures of 2 and 4 kbar and temperatures between 350{degrees}C and 700{degrees}C. The inclusions were analyzed on a gas-flow heating/cooling stage to determine the temperatures of halite dissolution [Tm{sub (H+L+V{yields}L+V)}] and total homogenization [Th{sub (L+V{yields}L)}]. Addition to 40 wt% NaCl to an aqueous solution containing 5 mol% CO{sub 2} causes a significant shift of the liquid + vapor {yields} liquid boundary towards higher pressures. The slopes of the iso-Th lines decrease from 29.5 bars/{degrees}C for Th{sub (L+V{yields}L)} of 400{degrees}C, to 6.4 bars/{degrees}C for Th{sub (L+V{yields})} = 600{degrees}C. Addition of 5 mol% CO{sub 2} to an aqueous solution containing 40 wt% NaCl results in halite dissolution temperatures that are slightly higher (Tm{sub (H+L+V{yields}L+V)} {approx} 332{degrees}C) than the literature value of 323{degrees}C for the vapor-saturated liquidus of an H{sub 2}O-40 wt% NaCl mixture. Calculated molar volumes for 40 wt% NaCl + 5 mol% CO{sub 2} solutions at 2 and 4 kbar show trends that are similar to those of other compositions in the ternary system H{sub 2}O-CO{sub 2}-NaCl at the same pressures and temperatures. In the P-T range of this study, all excess volumes are negative and lie between the values for the compositions H{sub 2}O-5 mol% CO{sub 2} and H{sub 2}O-40 wt% NaCl. 30 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

We propose various scenarios for molecular vibrational cooling combining the effects of two kinds of resonance states occurring during the photodissociation of Na{sub 2} taken as an illustrative example. Such resonances result from an appropriate sampling of laser parameters (wavelength and intensity): (a) For particular choices of intensity and wavelength, two resonance energies can be brought to complete coalescence, with their positions and widths becoming equal and leading to a so-called exceptional point (EP) in the parameter plane. Advantage can be taken from such points for very selective laser-controlled vibrational transfer strategies. (b) For specific intensities, far beyond the perturbation regime, some resonances can have a zero width (infinite lifetime). They are referred to as a zero-width resonance (ZWR) and may be used for vibrational purification purposes. We show how appropriately shaped, experimentally reachable laser pulses, encircling EPs or inducing ZWRs, may be used for a thorough and comprehensive control aiming at population transfer or purification schemes, which, starting from an initial field-free vibrational distribution, ends up in the ground vibrational level.

The self-consistent electronic structures of KCl, NaF, and LiF have been calculated by the intersecting-spheres model and the results were compared with band structures calculated by other methods using the approximation of the exchange potential adopted by us. While for KCl close agreement was found between the augmented-plane-wave non-muffin-tin results by De Cicco and the intersecting-spheres-model (ISM) band structure, in the case of LiF differences of even 2.5 eV were found between conduction bands calculated by the ISM and the corresponding levels determined by linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals (LCAO) methods. This disagreement seems to be imputable to a lack of convergence occurring in the LCAO calculations. The Fourier components of the charge densities (scattering factors) were determined using the Kohn-Sham-Gáspár form of the exchange potential. The agreement of the calculated scattering factors with experiment is not much worse than that obtained by Hartree-Fock calculations.

Abstract The etch process of the Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (NKN) thin film was performed in CF4/Ar plasma. We investigated the etch rate of the NKN thin films and the selectivity of NKN to SiO2 in an inductively coupled plasma. The maximum etch rate of the NKN thin films was 127.3 nm/min in CF4/Ar (= 4:16 sccm) plasma and the selectivity of NKN to SiO2 was 0.31. We analyzed the XPS narrow scan spectra for the reaction on the surface of the NKN thin films. From the XPS data analysis, we were assumed that the byproducts were generated on the surface of the NKN thin films during the etching process, but the physical sputtering process effectively removed the byproducts. We analyzed the morphologies of the surface of the NKN thin films from AFM measurement. The Ar concentration affects the surface morphology greatly.

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "na na 1991-2013" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Bone homeostasis is tightly regulated by the balanced actions of osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs). We previously analyzed the gene expression profile of OC differentiation using a cDNA microarray, and identified a novel osteoclastogenic gene candidate, clone OCL-1-E7 [J. Rho, C.R. Altmann, N.D. Socci, L. Merkov, N. Kim, H. So, O. Lee, M. Takami, A.H. Brivanlou, Y. Choi, Gene expression profiling of osteoclast differentiation by combined suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and cDNA microarray analysis, DNA Cell Biol. 21 (2002) 541-549]. In this study, we have isolated full-length cDNAs corresponding to this clone from mice and humans to determine the functional roles of this gene in osteoclastogenesis. The full-length cDNA of OCL-1-E7 encodes 12 membrane-spanning domains that are typical of isoforms of the Na{sup +}/H{sup +} exchangers (NHEs), indicating that this clone is a novel member of the NHE family (hereafter referred to as NHE10). Here, we show that NHE10 is highly expressed in OCs in response to receptor activator of nuclear factor-{kappa}B ligand signaling and is required for OC differentiation and survival.

We demonstrate that the atomic alignment of the hyperfine-structure components of the ground level S$_{1/2}$ of Na {\\sc i} and of the upper level P$_{1/2}$ of the D$_1$ line are practically negligible for magnetic strengths $B>10 \\rm G$, and virtually zero for $B\\ga 100 \\rm G$. This occurs independently of the magnetic-field inclination on the stellar surface (also, in particular, for vertical fields). Consequently, the characteristic antisymmetric linear-polarization signature of the scattered light in the D$_1$ line is practically suppressed in the presence of magnetic fields larger than 10 G, regardless of their inclination. Remarkably, we find that the scattering polarization amplitude of the D$_2$ line increases steadily with the magnetic strength, for vertical fields above 10 G, while the contribution of alignment to the polarization of the D$_1$ line rapidly decreases. Therefore, we suggest that spectropolarimetric observations of the ``quiet'' solar chromosphere showing significant linear polarization peaks in both D$_1$ and D$_2$ cannot be interpreted in terms of one-component magnetic field models, implying that the magnetic structuring of the solar chromosphere could be substantially more complex than previously thought.

The environmental behavior of die-cast magnesium alloy MRI230D designated for high-temperature applications was evaluated in comparison with regular AZ91D alloy. The microstructure examination was carried out using SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction analysis; the corrosion performance in 3.5% NaCl solution was evaluated by immersion test, salt spray testing, potentiodynamic polarization analysis, and stress corrosion behavior by Slow Strain Rate Testing (SSRT). Although the general corrosion resistance of MRI230D was slightly improved compared to that of AZ91D alloy its stress corrosion resistance was relatively reduced. The variations in the environmental behavior of the two alloys were mainly due to the differences in their chemical composition and microstructure after die casting. In particular, the differences were related to the reduced Al content in MRI230D and the addition of Ca to this alloy, which consequently affected its relative microstructure and electrochemical characteristics. - Research Highlights: {yields}Corrosion and SCC resistance of a new Mg alloy MRI230D was evaluated vs. regular AZ91D. {yields}MRI230D has a minor advantage in corrosion performance compared with AZ91D. {yields}The SCC resistance of MRI230D by SSRT analysis was relatively reduced. {yields}The reduced SCC resistance of MRI230D was due to the detrimental effect of Ca on ductility.

We report new molecular dynamics results elucidating the structure of the electrical double layer (EDL) on smectite surfaces contacting mixed NaCl-CaCl{sup 2} electrolyte solutions in the range of concentrations relevant to pore waters in geologic repositories for CO{sub 2} or high-level radioactive waste (0.34-1.83 mol{sub c} dm{sup -3}). Our results confirm the existence of three distinct ion adsorption planes (0-, {beta}-, and d-planes), often assumed in EDL models, but with two important qualifications: (1) the location of the {beta}- and d-planes are independent of ionic strength or ion type and (2) 'indifferent electrolyte' ions can occupy all three planes. Charge inversion occurred in the diffuse ion swarm because of the affinity of the clay surface for CaCl{sup +} ion pairs. Therefore, at concentrations 0.34 mol{sub c} dm{sup -3}, properties arising from long-range electrostatics at interfaces (electrophoresis, electro-osmosis, co-ion exclusion, colloidal aggregation) will not be correctly predicted by most EDL models. Co-ion exclusion, typically neglected by surface speciation models, balanced a large part of the clay mineral structural charge in the more concentrated solutions. Water molecules and ions diffused relatively rapidly even in the first statistical water monolayer, contradicting reports of rigid 'ice-like' structures for water on clay mineral surfaces.

Electrochemical studies of Zircaloy-2 in 5% NaCl solution were carried out using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Scan rate dependent pitting behavior of Zircaloy-2 was observed when polarization experiments were carried out at different scan rates (5 mV/min, 50 mV/min and 500 mV/min). Polarization resistance, double layer capacitance, and the thickness of passive film were calculated from the EIS study. The slope of the Bode plot in the capacitive region showed non-ideal behaviour, suggesting formation of pits. A distribution of chloride concentration was seen at the surface of the electrode when the test solution was sampled from different parts of the sample surface and analyzed for chloride. Inclusion of chloride ions in the passive film was observed from the XPS study and the chloride concentration increases with the higher anodic polarization. The outermost layer of the passive film was rich in hydroxide and oxy-hydroxide. A bi-layer passive film structure on the alloy surface is proposed.

Pressure-temperature-composition (P, T, x) relations for the co-existing vapor and liquid phases in the system NaCl-H/sub 2/O were determined experimentally at 450, 475, and 500/sup 0/C. Data for each isotherm include P-x relations near the critical point and extend to the three-phase assemblage vapor-liquid-halite on the vapor side. On the liquid side the P-x data range from the critical point to the room-temperature halite saturation point (approx. 25 wt.% NaCl). Critical pressures were calculated from measured pressures and compositions and classical theory. The results generally support the few data points of Urusova and Oelander and Liander but differ markedly from the extensive data of Sourirajan and Kennedy.

We expressed rat Na{sub v}1.6 sodium channels in combination with the rat {beta}1 and {beta}2 auxiliary subunits in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells and evaluated the effects of the pyrethroid insecticides tefluthrin and deltamethrin on expressed sodium currents using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Both pyrethroids produced concentration-dependent, resting modification of Na{sub v}1.6 channels, prolonging the kinetics of channel inactivation and deactivation to produce persistent 'late' currents during depolarization and tail currents following repolarization. Both pyrethroids also produced concentration dependent hyperpolarizing shifts in the voltage dependence of channel activation and steady-state inactivation. Maximal shifts in activation, determined from the voltage dependence of the pyrethroid-induced late and tail currents, were {approx} 25 mV for tefluthrin and {approx} 20 mV for deltamethrin. The highest attainable concentrations of these compounds also caused shifts of {approx} 5-10 mV in the voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation. In addition to their effects on the voltage dependence of inactivation, both compounds caused concentration-dependent increases in the fraction of sodium current that was resistant to inactivation following strong depolarizing prepulses. We assessed the use-dependent effects of tefluthrin and deltamethrin on Na{sub v}1.6 channels by determining the effect of trains of 1 to 100 5-ms depolarizing prepulses at frequencies of 20 or 66.7 Hz on the extent of channel modification. Repetitive depolarization at either frequency increased modification by deltamethrin by {approx} 2.3-fold but had no effect on modification by tefluthrin. Tefluthrin and deltamethrin were equally potent as modifiers of Na{sub v}1.6 channels in HEK293 cells using the conditions producing maximal modification as the basis for comparison. These findings show that the actions of tefluthrin and deltamethrin of Na{sub v}1.6 channels in HEK293 cells differ from the effects of these compounds on Na{sub v}1.6 channels in Xenopus oocytes and more closely reflect the actions of pyrethroids on channels in their native neuronal environment. -- Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We expressed rat Na{sub v}1.6 voltage-gated sodium channels in HEK293 cells. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Tefluthrin and deltamethrin caused resting modification of Na{sub v}1.6 channels. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Only deltamethrin exhibited use-dependent enhancement of modification. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer State-dependent effects of pyrethroids are influenced by the cellular context. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Channels in HEK293 cells exhibit properties similar to native neuronal channels.

We use neutron scattering to study the effect of uniaxial pressure on the tetragonal-toorthorhombic structural (Ts) and paramagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic (TN) phase transitions in NaFeAs and compare the outcome with similar measurements on as-grown and annealed BaFe2As2. In previous work on as-grown BaFe2As2, uniaxial pressure necessary to detwin the sample was found to induce a significant increase in zero pressure TN and Ts. However, we find that similar uniaxial pressure used to detwin NaFeAs and annealed BaFe2As2 has a very small effect on their TN and Ts. Since transport measurements on these samples still reveal resistivity anisotropy above TN and Ts, we conclude that such anisotropy cannot be due to uniaxial strain induced TN and Ts shifts, but must arise from intrinsic electronic anisotropy in these materials.

Enhanced Luminescence of NaY0.6xCe0.1Gd0.3EuxF4 Nanorods by Energy Transfers between Ce3+, Gd3+, and Eu3+ ... On the whole, the introduction of an elevated amount of Eu3+ dopants in the host lattice would decrease the Ce···Eu interatomic distance and thus shorten the average traveling distance for the excitation energies. ...

Mutual diffusion coefficients were measured for aqueous NaCl-SrCl/sub 2/ mixtures at 25/degrees/C by using free-diffusion Rayleigh interferometry. These mixtures were total molarities of 2.0 and 3.0 mol/times/dm/sup /minus/3/ with molarity fractions of 2/3, 1/2, and 1/3, the results complement the authors earlier data at 0.5 and 1.0 mol/times/dm/sup /minus/3/. At a constant molarity ratio, the NaCl main-term coefficient decreases regularly by 19-36% with increasing concentration, in contrast, the SrCl/sub 2/ main-term coefficient is relatively constant, with 18% or less variation with concentration. The SrCl/sub 2/ cross-term coefficient is 7-23% of its corresponding main-term coefficient, whereas the NaCl cross-term coefficient varies from 8% to 73% of its corresponding main-term coefficient. Clearly, coupled diffusion is very important for these systems. Various estimation procedures were considered, including variations using the Nernst-Hartley equations and estimates from the corresponding binary solutions. None of these methods, for which sufficient auxiliary data are available, gave reliable estimates of diffusion coefficients for mixtures. At a total molarity of 3.0 mol/times/dm/sup /minus/3/ and molarity fractions of 1/2 and 1/3 NaCl, experiments with the SrCl/sub 2/ ..delta..c approx. 0 are convectively unstable with regard to fingering at the center of the boundary. Density data were also measured for the above systems.

Alkaline earth fluorides are extraordinarily promising host matrices for phosphor materials with regard to rare earth doping. In particular, quantum cutting materials, which might considerably enhance the efficiency of mercury-free fluorescent lamps or SC solar cells, are often based on rare earth containing crystalline fluorides such as NaGdF4, GdF3 or LaF3. Substituting most of the precious rare earth ions and simultaneously retaining the efficiency of the phosphor is a major goal. Alkaline earth fluoride nanoparticles doped with trivalent lanthanide ions (which are required for the quantum cutting phenomenon) were prepared via a microwave assisted method in ionic liquids. As doping trivalent ions into a host with divalent cations requires charge compensation, this effect was thoroughly studied by powder X-ray and electron diffraction, luminescence spectroscopy and 23Na, 139La and 19F solid state NMR spectroscopy. Monovalent alkali ions were codoped with the trivalent lanthanide ions to relieve stress and achieve a better crystallinity and higher quantum cutting abilities of the prepared material. 19F-magic angle spinning (MAS)-NMR-spectra, assisted by 19F{23Na} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) studies, reveal distinct local fluoride environments, the populations of which are discussed in relation to spatial distribution and clustering models. In the co-doped samples, fluoride species having both Na+ and La3+ ions within their coordination sphere can be identified and quantified. This interplay of mono- and trivalent ions in the CaF2 lattice appears to be an efficient charge compensation mechanism that allows for improved performance characteristics of such co-doped phosphor materials.

A simplified version of the perturbation-theoretical-model approach to ionic solids developed by Basu and Sengupta has been employed for calculating the different lattice-mechanical properties of the two low-polarizability ionic crystals. Although this is not a microscopic calculation, the interesting feature of the method is that the only input data necessary for predicting the crystal properties are the Hartree-Fock wave functions of the constituent ions. In addition, the present investigation for the first time makes an attempt to study the effect of the alteration of the free-ion wave functions, when the ions are put in a crystal, on the lattice-dynamical properties. The effect of the crystal environment is thought to be simulated by the Watson potential. The calculated properties with and without the potential give a rough estimate of the order of magnitude of this effect. It is found that certain properties, namely, the dielectric properties and some phonons in the symmetry directions that depend on the excited states of the crystal, are rather sensitive to this effect which varies from crystal to crystal. Apart from this, a unified treatment of the cohesion, the phase transition, and the elastic, the dielectric, and the vibrational properties of the NaF and RbF crystals is presented without any adjustable free parameter. In view of the simplicity of the approach, the overall agreement obtained is satisfactory. Finally the reliability and the limitations of the present method of estimating the effect of the surroundings are critically discussed.

Gamma-ray energy spectra were acquired for different sizes of cerium tribromide (CeBr3), cerium-doped lanthanum tribromide (LaBr3:Ce), and thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI:Tl) detectors. A comparison was conducted of the energy resolution and detection efficiency of these scintillator detectors for different sizes of detectors. The results of this study are consistent with the observation that for each size detector, LaBr3:Ce offers better resolution than either a CeBr3 or NaI:Tl detector of the same size. In addition, CeBr3 and LaBr3:Ce detectors could resolve some closely spaced peaks in the spectra of several radioisotopes that NaI:Tl could not. As the detector size increased, all three detector materials exhibited higher efficiency, albeit with slightly reduced resolution. Significantly, the very low intrinsic activity of CeBr3 is also demonstrated in this study, which, when combined with energy resolution characteristics for a range of detector sizes, could lead to an improved ability to detect special nuclear materials compared to the other detectors.

Sample records for na na 1991-2013 from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Na{sub 0.5}Y{sub 0.5}Cu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} ceramics prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method under various sintering conditions were found to exhibit a giant dielectric constant over 10 000 around room temperature. Two electrical responses were observed in the combined modulus and impedance plots, indicating the presence of Maxwell-Wagner relaxation. The contributions of semiconducting grains and insulating grain boundaries (corresponding to high-frequency and low-frequency electrical response, respectively) played important roles in the dielectric properties of Na{sub 0.5}Y{sub 0.5}Cu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} ceramics. The correlations between grain boundaries resistance and low frequency dielectric loss, grains resistance and the position of dielectric loss peak were addressed. Mixed-valent structures of Cu{sup 2+}/Cu{sup 3+} and Ti{sup 3+}/Ti{sup 4+} had been determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electron hopping between Cu{sup 2+} and Cu{sup 3+} and electron transport in Ti{sup 3+}-O-Ti{sup 4+} paths were proposed as the origin of the semiconducting nature of Na{sub 0.5}Y{sub 0.5}Cu{sub 3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} ceramics. In particular, high-temperature dielectric anomaly behavior was investigated in detail. A dielectric peak exhibiting relaxor-like behavior was observed around 200 Degree-Sign C, which was linked with the formation of oxygen vacancies. Based on the electric modulus results, this behavior was explored in the light of the defect formation and explained in terms of a competition process depending on the combinational contribution to polarization between n- and p-type carriers rather than a relaxation process.

The solubilities of Am(III), Np(IV), Pu(IV), Tc(IV), Np(V), Pu(V), Am(V), and Tc(V) hydroxo compounds were studied in 0.5 to 14 M NaOH solutions at 25{+-}2 {degrees}C. The effects of fluoride, phosphate, carbonate, oxalate, and some other organic complexing agents on the solubilities of Np(IV), Pu(IV), and TC(IV) hydroxides were investigated at 1.0 and 4.0 M NAOH. Some predictions were made on the dissolved (I.V) and (V) species present in alkali solutions.

Decay properties of an isotope {sup 266}Bh and its daughter nucleus {sup 262}Db produced by the {sup 248}Cm({sup 23}Na,5n) reaction were studied by using a gas-filled recoil separator coupled with a position-sensitive semiconductor detector. {sup 266}Bh was clearly identified from the correlation of the known nuclide, {sup 262}Db. The obtained decay properties of {sup 266}Bh and {sup 262}Db are consistent with those observed in the {sup 278}113 chain by RIKEN collaboration, which provided further confirmation of the discovery of {sup 278}113.

Mutual diffusion coefficients have been measured for aqueous NaCl-SrCl/sub 2/ mixtures at 25/sup 0/C by using free-diffusion Rayleigh interferometry. These diffusion experiments were done at total molarities of 0.5 and 1.0 mol x dm/sup -3/ and with molarity fractions of 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3. Main-term diffusion coefficients for NaCl and SrCl/sub 2/ show a 10-15% variation with concentration and composition. Coupled diffusion is important for these systems, with cross-term diffusion coefficients being 6.5-36% as large as their corresponding main terms. At a constant molarity ratio, doubling the concentration causes cross-term diffusion coefficients to increase. Attempts to estimate the ternary solution diffusion coefficients from those of their corresponding binary solutions or from the ternary solution analogues of the Nernst-Hartley equation do not yield particularly accurate results.

Accurate models of protein diffusion are important in a number of applications, including liquid-liquid phase separation and growth of protein crystals for X-ray diffraction studies. In concentrated multicomponent protein systems, significant deviations from pseudobinary behavior can be expected. Rayleigh interferometry is used to measure the four elements (D{sub if}){sub v} of the ternary diffusion coefficient matrix for the extensively investigated protein, hen egg-white lysozyme (component 1) in aqueous NaCl (component 2) at pH 4.5 and 25 C. These are the first multicomponent diffusion coefficients measured for any protein system at concentrations high enough to be relevant to modeling and prediction of crystal growth or other phase transitions, and the first for a system involving lysozyme at any concentration. The four ternary diffusion coefficients for the system lysozyme chloride/NaCl/water are reported for lysozyme chloride at 0.60 mM (8.6 mg/mL) and NaCl at concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.65, 0.90, and 1.30 M (1.4, 2.8, 3.7, 5.1, and 7.2 wt %), with the latter two compositions being supersaturated. One cross-term, (D{sub 21}){sub v}, is 80--259 times larger than the main term (D{sub 11}){sub v} and 7--18 times larger than (D{sub 22}){sub v}. Standard interferometric diagnostic tests indicate that aggregation is unimportant in the experiments. The authors also present binary diffusion coefficients D{sub v} for lysozyme chloride/water at concentrations from 0.43 to 3.08 mM (6.2--44.1 mg/mL), at the same pH and temperature. The precision of the results is about 0.1% for the binary diffusion coefficients and diagonal ternary diffusion coefficients, and about 1--2% for the cross-terms. For the ternary systems investigated, they show that a single pseudobinary diffusion coefficient does not accurately describe diffusive transport, and predictions by simple models such as the Nernst-Hartley equations are inaccurate at the higher concentrations considered here. Finally, dynamic light-scattering diffusion coefficients, differing form both the interferometrically measured (D{sub ij}){sub v} and a theoretical prediction of light-scattering diffusion coefficients in multicomponent systems, are reported for the same solutions used for the ternary experiments at 1.30 M.

In situ observations of phonon Raman and Boson scattering were performed in high-Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}-content barium-sodium aluminophosphate glass, which crystallizes tungstenbronze-type Ba{sub 2}NaNb{sub 5}O{sub 15} (BNN), during heating and subsequent cooling processes in order to examine the BNN crystallization dynamics and phase transitions. It is suggested that NbO{sub 6} clusters/cohesive regions are present and are subjected to stress by the surrounding aluminophosphate network prior to crystallization of the BNN phase. Furthermore, in the cooling period, a successive phase transition (4/mmm{yields}4mm{yields}mm2) of the BNN phase was observed in the glass-ceramics, implying the possibility of producing functional glass-ceramics with ferroelastic properties.

The structural, electronic and dynamical properties of the cubic, tetragonal and rhombohedral phases of a lead-free ferroelectrics, (Na{sub 0.5}Bi{sub 0.5})TiO{sub 3} (NBT), have been studied with a density functional formalism. The direct band gap is determined to be 2?3?eV for three phases, suggesting them to be good optical material. The equilibrium structures were given, and the importance of Bi atom in the low-symmetry ferroelectric phases were investigated with the electron localization functions analysis. The vibration modes at the ? point were calculated to provide a basis for analyzing the Raman and IR spectra. Soft modes were found in both the cubic and the tetragonal phases, providing a clue in understanding the ferroelectric phase transition in NBT.

Non-polar a-plane (112{sup ¯}0) Zn{sub 0.99?x}Mn{sub x}Na{sub 0.01}O (x?=?0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05) thin films have been prepared on r-plane (112{sup ¯}0) sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The influences of Mn content on the structural and optical properties of the films have been studied. It is indicated that moderate Mn doping facilitates the non-polar growth of ZnO, and all the doped films are single phase with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The transmittance spectra suggested that all films are transparent in the visible region exhibiting a transmittance above 80%. Mn{sup 2+} doped Zn{sub 0.99}Na{sub 0.01}O shows an initial decrease of optical band gap (OBG) for small concentration of Mn, followed by a monotonic increase. The anomalous decrease in OBG for low concentrations of Mn is attributed to the strong exchange interaction present between the sp electrons of the host matrix and d electrons of Mn. Emission studies were also performed showing suppressed blue-shifted ultraviolet band and dominant violet-blue bands, which might originate from the zinc vacancy (V{sub Zn}) and zinc interstitial (Zn{sub i}) defects. The intensity of defect-related emission peaks is Mn doping-level-dependent as well and the results coincide well with that from the structural analyses.

The spectroscopic and stimulated-emission (4F3/2?4I11/2) properties of the novel melilite-type laser crystal Ca2MgSi2O7:Nd3+(Na+) were studied in a temperature range that covers its incommensuratecommensurate (I...

Recent work has shown that most globular clusters have at least two chemically distinct components, as well as cluster-to-cluster differences in the mean [O/Fe], [Mg/Fe], and [Si/Fe] ratios at similar [Fe/H] values. In order to investigate the implications of variations in the abundances of these and other metals for H-R diagrams and predicted ages, grids of evolutionary sequences have been computed for scaled solar and enhanced {alpha}-element metal abundances, and for mixtures in which the assumed [m/Fe] value for each of the metals C, N, O, Ne, Na, Mg, Si, S, Ca, and Ti has been increased, in turn, by 0.4 dex at constant [Fe/H]. These tracks, together with isochrones for ages from Almost-Equal-To 5 to 14 Gyr, have been computed for -3.0 {<=} [Fe/H] {<=}-0.6, with helium abundances Y = 0.25, 0.29, and 0.33 at each [Fe/H] value, using upgraded versions of the Victoria stellar structure program and the Regina interpolation code, respectively. Turnoff luminosity versus age relations from isochrones are found to depend almost entirely on the importance of the CNO cycle, and thereby mainly on the abundance of oxygen. Since C, N, and O, as well as Ne and S, do not contribute significantly to the opacities at low temperatures and densities, variations in their abundances do not impact the predicted T{sub eff} scale of red giants. The latter is a strong function of the abundances of only Mg and Si (and Fe, possibly to a lesser extent) because they are so abundant and because they are strong sources of opacity at low temperatures. For these reasons, Mg and Si also have important effects on the temperatures of main-sequence stars. Due to their low abundances, Na, Ca, and Ti are of little consequence for stellar models. The effects of varying the adopted solar metals mixture and the helium abundance at a fixed [Fe/H] are also briefly discussed.

The composition of different isoforms of Na{sup +}-K{sup +}-ATPase (NKA, Na/K pump) in ventricular myocytes is an important factor in determining the therapeutic effect and toxicity of cardiac glycosides (CGs) on heart failure. The mechanism whereby CGs cause these effects is still not completely clear. In the present study, we prepared two site-specific antibodies (SSA78 and WJS) against the H{sub 1}H{sub 2} domain of ?{sub 1} and ?{sub 2} isoforms of NKA in rat heart, respectively, and compared their influences on the effect of ouabain (OUA) in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. SSA78 or WJS, which can specifically bind with the ?{sub 1} or ?{sub 2} isoform, were assessed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot and immunofluorescent staining methods. Preincubation of myocytes with SSA78 inhibited low OUA affinity pump current but not high OUA affinity pump current, reduced the rise in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca{sup 2+}]{sub i}), attenuated mitochondrial Ca{sup 2+} overload, restored mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and delayed the decrease of the myocardial contractile force as well as the occurrence of arrhythmic contraction induced by high concentrations (1 mM) but not low concentrations (1 ?M) of OUA. Similarly, preincubation of myocytes with WJS inhibited high OUA affinity pump current, reduced the increase of [Ca{sup 2+}]{sub i} and the contractility induced by 1 ?M but not that induced by 1 mM OUA. These results indicate that the H{sub 1}H{sub 2} domain of the NKA ?{sub 1} isoform mediates OUA-induced cardiac toxicity in rat ventricular myocytes, and inhibitors for this binding site may be used as an adjunct to CGs treatment for cardiovascular disease. -- Highlights: ? We prepared two antibodies against the H{sub 1}-H{sub 2} domain of ?{sub 1} and ?{sub 2} isoforms of NKA. ? The H{sub 1}-H{sub 2} domain of the NKA ?{sub 1} isoform mediates OUA-induced cardiac toxicity. ? The H{sub 1}-H{sub 2} domain of the NKA ?{sub 2} isoform mediates OUA-induced positive inotropic.