Migration

People leave their home country or area for many reasons. When they go they go in a group - group migration - or they go, more or less, individually, and others follow - chain migration. Once the migrants get to where they are going, they can also move on - internal migration or forward migration.

It is called emigration when a person leaves one country and immigration when they go to another country. Once they arrive, immigrants may wish to become a citizen of the country to which they have migrated. This is called naturalization.

Migration could have been assisted by the government or by a landlord or by an emigration company. But migration could have been done with no assistance.

Transportation methods used in migration vary. One could take a ship from Europe or Asia to North America. Then transfer to a horse, carriage, coach, or wagon for further movement. Smaller ships capable of navigating rivers could also be taken. And, finally, one could walk.

Passenger lists for ships and train transportation exist. But only for certain periods of time.

Individuals and families travelled to North America. So did Home Children sent from Britain. So did female domestic servants sponsored by individuals or government agencies.

The following is a listing of articles, books, and web sites concerning migration, passengers, Home Children, domestics, etc.

Articles and books

Here and there: being the first report on the work of the Self-Help Emigration Society [microform] (1886)
The Self-Help Emigration Society, London
CIHM/ICMH Microfiche series: No. 17675
Consult at: McOdrum

Emigration: the British farmer's and farm labourer's guide to Ontario: the premier province of the Dominion of Canada (2001)
Issued by authority of the Government of Ontario
Global Heritage Press, Milton, Ont.
Reprint. Originally published by C. Blackett Robinson, Toronto, 1880
ISBN 1-894378-43-1
Consult at:

Emigration to Canada and the United States: report of the Cow Cross Canadian Emigration Society. My journey of ten thousand
miles, advice and information to intending emigrants, routes, distances, and rates of passage from Quebec, names and addresses of
friends of the working man in 320 cities and towns, hints on economic house building, correspondence etc. [microform] (1871)
William Catlin
Cow Cross Canadian Emigration Society, London [?]
CIHM/ICMH Microfiche series: No. 05871
Consult at: McOdrum

A Register of Deceased Persons at Sea and on Grosse Îsle in 1847 (1997)
André Charbonneau and Doris Drolet-Dubé with Robert Grace and Sylvie Tremblay
Canadian Heritage and Parks Canada
ISBN 0-660-16877-4
Consult at: OGSL

Here be Dragons! Navigating the Hazards Found in Canadian Family Research (1996)
Althea Douglas
OGS, Toronto
Consult at: OGSL

Here be Dragons, Too! Navigating the Hazards Found in Canadian Family Research (2000)
Althea Douglas
OGS, Toronto
Consult at: OGSL

Index of some passengers who emigrated to Canada between 1817 & 1849 (2003; reprint)
John A. Acton, compiler and editor
Ontario Genealogical Society, Toronto
First published in 1999.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7779-2131-6
Consult at:

Passage to the New World: Packet Ships and Irish Famine Emigrants 1845 - 1851 (1995)
David Hollett
Consult at OBL

Migrations from western Ukraine to western Canada: proceedings of the joint conferences (2002)
Alexander Makar and Radomir Bilash, editors
Canadian Centre for Ukrainian Culture and Ethnography, Edmonton
Copublished by: Historic Sites Service, Alberta Community Development
Includes text in Ukrainian and English. Includes bibliographical references
ISBN 1-55195-156-8