10 Current standards? Diverse university cultures instead of general standards by the example of PhD grades Distribution of doctoral grades from 2010 to 2012 at selected Universities with a high share of doctoral degrees with summa cum laude Source: ifq Informationssystem Promotionsnoten in Deutschland. Database: DESTATIS 2011 (special analysis) 10

11 PhD as a prerogative standard of universities in contrast to Fachhochschulen? Several times the Wissenschaftsrat complained about the unwillingness of universities to ensure access to PhD programmes and establish more cooperative doctoral programmes for qualified graduates of Fachhochschulen. (Wissenschaftsrat: Empfehlungen zur Rolle der Fachhochschulen im Hochschulsystem. Berlin p. 86.) 11

31 Interim summary The German PhD system is characterized by a variety of different ways to get a PhD and some remarkable best practice models for a structured PhD period but also a trend towards incommensurable, isolated degrees with strong distinctions by academic fields. >> a variety of quality standards exists for the PhD as a process (not for the PhD exam) and even less instrument to ensure these standards if they are defined. 32

32 Quality and quality assurance 33

33 Much discussed: Plagiarism software 34

34 Need for action in general More transparency and reliability by improved information about the PhD period in progress More sound information infrastructures for registering PhD candidates on-site More institutional responsibility for the PhD process as a whole More cross-university coordination, especially on behalf of the ministries of science in the Länder, but also taking into account the professional associations More long-term research on young researchers and their careers 36

35 Single instruments to assure PhD quality mainly based on recommendations of the German Council for Science and Humanities (Wissenschaftsrat) Establishment of thesis committees to disconnect supervision and assessment Implementation of supervision teams Strengthen the independency of the assessment, especially by external reports and excluding only confirming second assessors Use of supervision agreements 37

36 Single instruments to assure PhD quality Limitation of extra-occupational, part-time PhDs Self-restraints of professors concerning the amount of PhD candidates that can be supervised responsibly Public calls for tenders related to most of the PhD positions 38

37 Single instruments to assure PhD quality Reduction of the scale for PhD degrees Publication and documentation obligations for primary data used in the PhD thesis Starting to communicate about and define minimum standards for a PhD in the single academic fields 39

40 Too many reforms? versus The Framework describes four broad profiles. R1 First Stage Researcher (up to the point of PhD) R2 Recognized Researcher (PhD holders or equivalent who are not yet fully independent) R3 Established Researcher (researchers who have developed a level of independence.) R4 Leading Researcher ( researchers leading their research area or field) Institut für Forschungsinformation und Qualitätssicherung 42

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