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Debt feels like a lead weight that hangs around your neck, and with student loans, car payments, and medical bills, it all adds up into a pretty heavy one. Learning to confront your loans head-on and form a strategy for paying them down can help you start managing them. Get out from under your loans and get back in the world, then learn to stay debt free.

Steps

Part 1

Forming a Plan

1

Assess your problems. If you are in debt, you can't afford to be an ostrich. Don't bury your head in the sand and give up. Immediately, right now, you've got to figure out how much money you owe so you can form a plan for getting out of the hole and getting on with your life.[1] Get realistic and crunch some numbers.

Generally credit card debt, car payments, mortgage, and student loans make up the majority of outstanding debt that most people struggle with. Add up these debts and any other types of debt that you've incurred. Get a number on the table and face it.

2

Prioritize your highest interest debts.[2] Once you've got the raw data, it's important to look a little closer. Which loans have the highest percentage of interest?[3]

Part of the reason debt is so hard to get out of is that it gets bigger over time. If you don't pay it down quickly, you end up paying a lot more in the long run, making it very difficult to get out from underneath.

3

Come up with a plan for paying down your debts. Review your finances thoroughly, crunch the numbers, and see which method of making payments will be the most effective for your situation.[4]

Work on paying down the debt with the highest interest first, while making minimal payments on everything else.[5] This is sometimes called "laddering" your debt, and helps the borrower feel more actively in control of the debt.

If the interest rates are similar for your debts, pay off the one with the lowest balance first. This is sometimes called "reverse laddering," which allows you see your progress faster, and will make you feel good after each smaller debt is paid off.

4

Talk to a financial advisor about consolidating your debt. You don't have to go about this alone. Loan paperwork is notoriously complex; it's frustrating to try to go through it solo, but find a financial advisor that you can trust and talk about consolidating the loans into a more manageable single payment each month, to make it easier to pay down your debt.

It may also be possible to get the interest rate lowered on certain loans, or to establish a deferral for a short period of time. In some situations, you may be able to defer the payment for a certain length of time, during which you won't accrue interest. During this time, you can aggressively pay down the loan while it's not getting any bigger, a serious advantage.

Part 2

Paying Down Debts

1

Create a strict budget. Doing the math necessary to live within your means isn't as complicated as it might seem. Here goes: Add up what you make every month, then add up your necessary expenses every month. Your necessary expenses include food, rent or mortgage payments, bills, and substantial payments on the most essential loans.[6]

Balance the amount of money that goes into each category of your necessary expenses to try to get as much as possible of your income into the loan payment category, so you can pay down your loans more quickly. Stick to this budget month in and month out.

Cut costs wherever you can. Learning to cut your necessary costs down as much as possible and stretch every dollar will help you devote more money toward paying down your loans and getting out from under debt as quickly as possible.[7]

Cook dollar-saving meals. Stop going out to eat and start buying cheap bulk ingredients and learning to cook big meals that'll help feed your family on the cheap. Fast food restaurants trick people into thinking it's cheap, but a pot of vegetables, rice, and beans goes much farther much more healthfully than a cheeseburger.

Cut inessential entertainment expenses. Are cable and Netflix subscriptions really necessary when you live in a town with a public library? Do you really need to hit that restaurant, club, or music venue? Find ways to have fun for cheap.

3

Pay up on your debts whenever you're flush. Made a little extra on your paycheck this week? You could blow it all on a night out, or you could put it toward your loans. Got a bonus for the winter holiday? You could buy a bunch of gifts or you could put it toward your loans. If you want to be debt free, you have to be strict with yourself. No excess expenditures until you're completely debt free and can pay for things without going back into debt. Commit to getting there and work hard until you're there.

4

Save anything you don't spend. If you've budgeted appropriately and have some money left over at the end of the month, save it.[8] It's important to have money saved up for incidentals, emergencies, and other expenditures which can sink you right back down into debt. Having an emergency fund is absolutely essential to avoiding debt and staying debt free.[9]

Come up with a savings goal. Even if it's just a few hundred dollars, going about the steps necessary to save money instead of spending it and watching your savings account grow can be a hugely satisfying experience for some people. Make saving more addictive than spending.

5

If you're entitled to a tax refund, spend it wisely. For many people, tax season is something to dread. For some, it's actually an opportunity to get back a little money in the form of a tax refund. Those eligible for benefits like the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC),[10] moreover, could get a refund for as much as $6,000 if they support a family of three or more children.[11] Imagine how much debt you could pay off with your tax refund. Don't expect a huge windfall during tax season, but don't be unprepared to use it wisely if it does come.

Part 3

Staying Debt Free

1

Commit to a change in behavior. If you want to be debt free, you need to freeze all of your inessential spending and avoid buying things that you can't afford.[12] If you can't pay for something in cash, today, you don't need it. Commit to the process and the journey of remaining free of debt and enjoy the freedom that it brings.

Being debt free doesn't mean living like a miser. If you want to spend a little on vacation, or splurge a little every now and then, feel free to go for it. Just make sure that these kind of fun expenses come from monthly income that's in excess, not being charged on accounts that are already swollen beyond capacity.

2

Keep saving. Every paycheck, put aside some money for bills, food, and other needed necessities of living, and some money aside to save.[13] Also put aside a little money for non-necessities. It's important to be able to buy things you want without going into debt. Keep saving money, and paying off bills so that you can pay off your debt.

3

Be happy living within your means. For many people, debt happens because we think we deserve a certain quality of life. Why don't we deserve the expensive cars, the fine jewelry, and the fancy vacations that other people can afford? This kind of thinking is how people get sunk into heavy debts they struggle their whole life to pay off. Learn to be happy living within your means, and take pleasure in every dollar you save, in every day that you spend out from under the boot of someone else's money. Be free.[14]

4

Stay healthy. Medical debts quickly sink financially secure people into financial trouble. You need to eat well, exercise, and maintain proper dental health to avoid costly and unexpected expenses that come as the result of health scares. A single trip to the hospital can bankrupt people who aren't prepare for it. Don't be one of them.

If you're uninsured, make sure you get some kind of affordable health insurance as quickly as possible. Talk to your employer about insurance options, or research national options in the marketplace. It's very important to have health insurance for when you need a little help.

5

Build credit. When you've got your debts paid down, the fun can start. Building credit and working your way into a good credit score will have those credit cards and expenses working to your advantage. When you can afford to buy something outright, pay for it with credit and then pay it off immediately to help build back the credit that might have suffered under the weight of your loans. Take steps to make your credit work for you.[15]

Community Q&A

I'm so frustrated, feeling hopeless and depressed because of my debt, I'm about to give up my life.

Community Answer

It's common to feel overwhelmed by your debt. However, taking positive steps like the ones outlined in this article is the best way to combat your feeling of hopelessness. Taking charge of yourself gives you strength.

Tips

Avoid using credit cards! Seriously! The easiest way to avoid debt is never, never charge anything on a credit card. If you absolutely think that you need a credit card (to "help" get a good credit score) use the credit card only for purchases that you can pay off at the time you use the credit card. Pay off your credit card bill completely when it's due. Don't leave anything to accrue interest and definitely don't delay for late payment charges, those are just extra expenses. This way you will earn a good credit score without taking on more debt.

Eat at home. It will save you a lot of money and you will be healthier.

Spend as little money as possible.

Use coupons and stock up on staple foods when on sale (BOGO's) while keeping grocery costs within budget.

Do some budget planning. Plan how you will spend your paycheck

Take up a hobby that involves no money-spending.

Save money, gain some extra income, and try not to spend more than you earn. Those ways will lead to get rid of debt faster.

Use local websites that are for your town, community or school, where people can buy/sell/swap school supplies, sports equipment, household goods and just about anything else to save money on items you are only going to use for awhile or that your kids will outgrow fast.

Article Info

This article was co-authored by our trained team of editors and researchers who validated it for accuracy and comprehensiveness. Together, they cited information from 17 references. wikiHow's Content Management Team carefully monitors the work from our editorial staff to ensure that each article meets our high standards.