Buffers are solutions that resist change in pH on addition
of small amounts of acid or base. They are very important in biological
systems.

Understandings

The buffer region on the pH curve represents the region where small
additions of acid or base result in little or no change in pH.

The composition and action of a buffer solution.

Applications
and skills

While the nature of the acid-base buffer always remains the same,
buffer solutions can be prepared by either mixing a weak acid/base
with a solution of a salt containing its conjugate, or by partial
neutralization of a weak acid/basewith a strong acid/base.