What is Chemistry? The study of the composition, structure,

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "What is Chemistry? The study of the composition, structure,"— Presentation transcript:

1 What is Chemistry? The study of the composition, structure,& properties of substances and changesit undergo.A chemical is any substance that has a part in a chemical rxn or is produced.Practical UsesClothing – synthetic fabricNonstick cookware - TeflonPharmaceuticals - medications

5 Matter & Its PropertiesAtom – the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element.Elements – A substance that cannot be changed into a simpler substance under normal lab conditions

12 DistillationMethod for physically separating a mixture of liquids or a solid dissolved in a liquid

13 Matter & Energy a. Matter – Occupies space and has mass.Inertia – Resistance to change in motion.Weight Vs. Mass -Weight is the measure of gravitational pull.Mass is quantity of matter.Law of conservation of mass:Mass is neither created nor destroyed.

14 Energy – Ability to do work or cause changeTypes of Energy -Kinetic Energy – in the form of motionPotential Energy – Stored energydepends on composition or positionLaw of Conservation of EnergyEnergy can change form, but it cannot beCreated nor destroyed under ordinary cond.

15 Energy and changes in matterExothermic – produce heat. Energy is released in the form of heat.H + O  H2O + HeatEndothermic – gain heat. Energy,in a form of heat, is absorbed.Ex. Melting ice

32 3 Questions for Zeros Is there a number in front? Is it trapped?No – Not significantYes – May be… go to #2 & #3Is it trapped?Yes - It is significantIs there a Decimal?No – Not SignificantYes – It is significant

34 Calculations – multiplication & Division* The answer is rounded off to the same number of significant figures as in the measurement with the fewest sig. Fig.13.0 ml* ml X ml =* g / 0.04 cm3 =62.560 g/cm3

35 Calculations – Addition & SubtractionResults should be rounded off so that the final digit is in the same place as the number with the fewest digits.\213.67____55.08– =55.075. \311.67Rounding312.Less than 5 = stay the sameMore than 5 = increase oneIf 5 = if odd increase by oneif even leave it alone

38 Chemistry Dominoes RulesDon’t slam or throw dominoesTake turnsQuickly get quiet when I call for your attention.To End The GameThe player who makes the connection to the last domino winsCount up the number of dominoes left on the table. Each domino is 1 point.Award the winner the points left on the table.

39 Game PlayEach payer draws 1 domino to see who plays first (high domino)Shuffle (wash) the dominoesEach player draws 5 dominoesPlayer 1 plays a number blank (if no number blank, draw) This is the starting dominoPlayer 2 plays a number blank. (if no number blank, draw) This is the end domino.For the rest of the game, players play dominoes that will cancel the top number on the dominoIf you can not play, draw 1 domino. This domino may be played.

43 Factor Label Dimensional Analysis1. How many kilograms are in grams?2. How many liters are in 13.4 kL?3. A pencil is 7.5 centimeters, how many millimeters?4. You want to order a bicycle with a 225 mm frame, but thesizes in the catalog are given only in inches, what shouldyou order?5. A student enters a 10.0 km run. How many yards is the run?

47 Heat TransferConvection – transfer of heat by the motion of particles in a fluidConduction – transfer of heat through matter by colliding particlesRadiation – transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic wavesHeat always moves from high energy to low energy. (hot to cold)

48 ExamplesHot air balloonsHot water and cold water mixingHeating a panBoiling water

52 Problems 1oC to 41oC and was found to have absorbed. A 4.0 g sample of glass was heated from1oC to 41oC and was found to have absorbed32 J of heat. What is the specific heat ofthis type of glass?

53 Problems 1oC to 41oC and was found to have absorbed. A 4.0 g sample of glass was heated from1oC to 41oC and was found to have absorbed32 J of heat. What is the specific heat ofthis type of glass?Q = m Cp DTm=4.0gDT=41oC-1oC=40oCQ=32JCp = 0.20J/goC

54 problemHow much heat did the same glasssample gain when it was heated from41oC to 71oC?

55 How much heat did the same glass sample gain when it was heated from problemHow much heat did the same glasssample gain when it was heated from41oC to 71oC?Q = m Cp DTQ=(4.0g)(0.20J/goC)(30oC)Q=24Jm=4.0gDT=71oC-41oC=30oCCp=0.20J/goC