1.
Dollar sign
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The dollar sign is a symbol primarily used to indicate the various units of currency around the world. The symbol can interchangeably have one or two vertical strokes, note that the two-stroked version is not the same symbol as the cifrão. In common usage, the sign appears to the left of the amount specified, the best documented explanation holds that the sign evolved out of the Spanish and Spanish American scribal abbreviation pˢ for pesos. A study of late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century manuscripts shows that the s gradually came to be written over the p, a variation, though less plausible, of this hypothesis derives the sign from a combination of the Greek character psi and S. There are a number of hypotheses about the origin of the symbol, some with a measure of academic acceptance. Kingdom of Sicily Denaro minted in the Kingdom in Sicily at least by 1258–1266 had what could be construed as a dollar symbol. These coins were widely circulated due to the Crusades – and specifically the Crusade that targeted Tunis, several alternative hypotheses relate specifically to the dollar sign drawn with two vertical lines. A common hypothesis holds that the sign derives from the Spanish coat of arms, in 1492, Ferdinand II of Aragon adopted the symbol of the Pillars of Hercules and added the Latin warning Non plus ultra meaning nothing further beyond, indicating this is the end of the world. But when Christopher Columbus came to America, the legend was changed to Plus ultra, the Pillars of Hercules wrapped in a banner thus became a symbol of the New World. In this example the right-hand pillar clearly resembles the dollar sign, the symbol was adopted by Charles V and was part of his coat of arms representing Spains American possessions. The symbol was later stamped on coins minted in gold and silver, the coin, also known as Spanish dollar, was the first global currency used in the entire world since the Spanish Empire was the first global Empire. These coins, depicting the pillars over two hemispheres and a small S-shaped ribbon around each, were spread throughout America, Europe and Asia. According to this, traders wrote signs that, instead of saying Spanish dollar, had this made by hand. When the US got independence from the UK, they created the American dollar, a dollar sign with two vertical lines could have started off as a monogram of USA, used on money bags issued by the United States Mint. The letters U and S superimposed resemble the historical double-stroke dollar sign, robert Morris was such a zealous patriot – known as the Financier of the Revolution in the West – that conjecture does not overstep its bounds in purporting this hypothesis as viable. A similar idea claims that the letters U and S would stand for unit of silver, referencing pieces of eight again, another hypothesis is that it derives from the symbol used on a German Thaler. This refers to the Bible, Numbers, Chapter 21, a similar symbol, constructed by superposition of S and I or J, was used to denote German Joachimsthaler. It was known in the English-speaking world by the 17th century, robert Morris was the first to use that symbol in official documents and in official communications with Oliver Pollock

2.
ASCII
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ASCII, abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices, most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCII, although they support many additional characters. ASCII was developed from telegraph code and its first commercial use was as a seven-bit teleprinter code promoted by Bell data services. Work on the ASCII standard began on October 6,1960, the first edition of the standard was published in 1963, underwent a major revision during 1967, and experienced its most recent update during 1986. Compared to earlier telegraph codes, the proposed Bell code and ASCII were both ordered for more convenient sorting of lists, and added features for other than teleprinters. Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart above. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machines, for example, lowercase j would become binary 1101010 and decimal 106. ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters,33 are non-printing control characters that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, of these, the IANA encourages use of the name US-ASCII for Internet uses of ASCII. The ASA became the United States of America Standards Institute and ultimately the American National Standards Institute, there was some debate at the time whether there should be more control characters rather than the lowercase alphabet. The X3.2.4 task group voted its approval for the change to ASCII at its May 1963 meeting, the X3 committee made other changes, including other new characters, renaming some control characters and moving or removing others. ASCII was subsequently updated as USAS X3. 4-1967, then USAS X3. 4-1968, ANSI X3. 4-1977 and they proposed a 9-track standard for magnetic tape, and attempted to deal with some punched card formats. The X3.2 subcommittee designed ASCII based on the earlier teleprinter encoding systems, like other character encodings, ASCII specifies a correspondence between digital bit patterns and character symbols. This allows digital devices to communicate each other and to process, store. Before ASCII was developed, the encodings in use included 26 alphabetic characters,10 numerical digits, ITA2 were in turn based on the 5-bit telegraph code Émile Baudot invented in 1870 and patented in 1874. The committee debated the possibility of a function, which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code. In a shifted code, some character codes determine choices between options for the character codes. It allows compact encoding, but is reliable for data transmission. The standards committee decided against shifting, and so ASCII required at least a seven-bit code, the committee considered an eight-bit code, since eight bits would allow two four-bit patterns to efficiently encode two digits with binary-coded decimal

3.
Dollar
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Dollar is the name of more than twenty currencies, including those of the United States, Canada, Australia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, New Zealand, Liberia, Jamaica and Namibia. Generally, one dollar is divided into one hundred cents, on 15 January 1520, the Czech Kingdom of Bohemia began minting coins from silver mined locally in Joachimsthal and marked on reverse with the Czech lion. The coins were called joachimsthaler, which became shortened in common usage to thaler or taler, the German name Joachimsthal literally means Joachims valley or Joachims dale. A later Dutch coin also depicting a lion was called the leeuwendaler or leeuwendaalder, the Dutch Republic produced these coins to accommodate its booming international trade. The leeuwendaler circulated throughout the Middle East and was imitated in several German and Italian cities and this coin was also popular in the Dutch East Indies and in the Dutch New Netherland Colony. It was in throughout the Thirteen Colonies during the 17th. The currencies of Romania and Bulgaria are, to this day, the modern American-English pronunciation of dollar is still remarkably close to the 17th century Dutch pronunciation of daler. Some well-worn examples circulating in the Colonies were known as dog dollars, Spanish pesos – having the same weight and shape – came to be known as Spanish dollars. By the time of the American Revolution, Spanish dollars gained significance because they backed paper money authorized by the individual colonies, common in the Thirteen Colonies, Spanish dollars were even legal tender in one colony, Virginia. On April 2,1792, U. S. Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton reported to Congress the precise amount of found in Spanish dollar coins in common use in the states. As a result, the United States dollar was defined as a unit of silver weighing 371 4/16th grains. It was specified that the money of account of the United States should be expressed in those same dollars or parts thereof, in an act passed in January 1837, the dollars alloy was set at 15%. Subsequent coins would contain the amount of pure silver as previously. On February 21,1853, the quantity of silver in the coins was reduced. However, the dollars constitutional meaning has remained unchanged through the years, silver was mostly removed from U. S. coinage by 1965 and the dollar became a free-floating fiat currency without a commodity backing defined in terms of real gold or silver. The US Mint continues to make silver $1-denomination coins, but these are not intended for general circulation, there are many quotes in the plays of William Shakespeare referring to dollars as money. This might be supported by a reference to the sum of ten dollars in Macbeth. In 1804, a British five-shilling piece, or crown, was sometimes called dollar and it was an overstruck Spanish eight real coin, the original of which was known as a Spanish dollar

4.
Peso
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The peso was a coin that originated in Spain and became of immense importance internationally. Peso is now the name of the unit of several former Spanish colonies. Peso was a given in Spain and particularly in Hispanic America to the 8-royal coin or real de a ocho. It had a weight of 27.468 g and a millesimal fineness of 930.5. This real de a ocho or peso was minted in Spain from the mid 16th century and it was originally known as the piece of eight in English, due to the nominal value of 8 reales. The piece of eight became a coin of importance in the 17th century, especially in trade with India and the Far East. At this time, the piece of eight was produced in Mexico and Peru in a rapid and simplified manner. Instead of making a proper flan or planchet, a lump of silver of proper weight and fineness was cut off the end of a bar, then flattened out. The result was a crude, temporary coin, a lump of silver. This type of coin known as a cob in English. The Crown was entitled to a fifth of all gold and silver mined, the Quinto Real, although intended to serve only temporarily, some did remain in circulation as currency. Because of their shape and incomplete design, cobs were ideal candidates for clipping and counterfeiting. This coin was known in English as a piece of eight, then as a Spanish dollar. In French, it was a piastre and in Portuguese, a pataca or patacão, the Spanish names at various times and in various places were patacón, duro, or fuerte. Because of domestic financial and monetary problems, Spain devalued its currency by about 20% on October 14,1686. The new eight-real was known as a peso maria or peso sencillo, after this, the monetary systems of Spain and of Spanish America developed along different lines. Accounts in Spain were kept in the real of 34 maravedíes, while in Spanish America accounts continued in the silver real. After 1686, the old piece of eight remained the standard coin in the Spanish colonies, Spanish laws of 1728 and 1730 adopted modern minting techniques

5.
Brazilian real
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The real is the present-day currency of Brazil. Its sign is R$ and its ISO code is BRL and it is divided into 100 centavos. At the time it was meant to have approximately fixed 1,1 exchange rate with the United States dollar. It suffered a sudden devaluation to a rate of about 2,1 in 1999, reached almost 4,1 in 2002, the exchange rate as of September 2015 was BRL4.05 to USD1.00. However Unicode considers the difference to be only a matter of font design, the new currency replaced the short-lived cruzeiro real. The reform included the demonetisation of the real and required a massive banknote replacement. At its introduction, the real was defined to be equal to 1 unidade real de valor a non-circulating currency unit. At the same time the URV was defined to be worth 2750 cruzeiros reais, as a consequence, the real was worth exactly one U. S. dollar as it was introduced. Combined with all previous currency changes in the history, this reform made the new real equal to 2.75 ×1018 of Brazils original réis. Soon after its introduction, the real unexpectedly gained value against the U. S. dollar, during that period it attained its maximum dollar value ever, about US$1.20. In January 1999 the deterioration of the markets, disrupted by the Russian default, forced the Central Bank, under its new president Arminio Fraga. This decision produced a major devaluation, to a rate of almost R$2, many Brazilians feared another default on government debts or a resumption of heterodox economic policies, and rushed to exchange their reais into tangible assets or foreign currencies. In October 2002 the exchange rate reached its low of almost R$4 per US$1. The value of the real in dollars continued to fluctuate but generally upwards, so that by 2005 the exchange was a little over R$2, US$1. Brazil, and sometimes used in bordering countries, especially Brazil/Uruguay and Brazil/Paraguay borders in every year millions of Brazilians go shopping at the duty-free stores etc. It is also accepted in Argentina, not only in shops and duty-free stores in border cities like Puerto Iguazú but also in shops and restaurants in the capital city. Along with the first series of currency, coins were introduced in denominations of 1,5,10 and 50 centavos and 1 real, all were struck in stainless steel. The original 1-real coins dated 1994-1997 have been withdrawn from circulation since 31 December 1997, in 1998, a second series of coins was introduced

6.
Cape Verdean escudo
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The escudo is the currency of the Republic of Cape Verde. Amounts are generally written by using the cifrão as the separator, such as 2000 for 20 escudos. The escudo became the currency of Cape Verde in 1914 and it replaced the Cape Verdean real at a rate of 1000 réis =1 escudo. Until 1930, Cape Verde used Portuguese coins, although banknotes were issued by the Banco Nacional Ultramarino specifically for Cape Verde beginning in 1865, until independence in 1975, the Cape Verde escudo was equal to the Portuguese escudo. Subsequently it depreciated, declining by about 30 per cent in 1977-8, thereafter, it remained fairly stable against the Portuguese escudo. In mid-1998 an agreement with Portugal established a rate of 1 Portuguese escudo =0.55 Cape Verdean escudo. Since the replacement of the Portuguese escudo with the euro, the Cape Verdean escudo has been pegged to the euro at a rate of 1 euro = 110$265 and this peg is supported by a credit facility from the Portuguese government. Under Portuguese rule, coins were introduced in 1930 in denominations of 5,10,20 and 50 centavos and 1 escudo, the 5,10 and 20 centavos were struck in bronze whilst the 50 centavos and 1 escudo were in nickel-bronze. In 1953, bronze 1 escudo, nickel-bronze 2½ escudos and silver 10 escudos were introduced, followed by bronze 50 centavos, after independence, coins were issued in 1977 in denominations of 20 and 50 centavos,1, 2½,10,20 and 50 escudos. The centavo coins were aluminium, the 1 and 2½ escudos were nickel-bronze, as inflation persisted the centavo coins progressively disappeared from circulation and by the time the coinage was revamped the 1 escudo coin was the smallest in circulation. The present coinage was introduced in 1994, the smallest was a brass-plated-steel 1 escudo, though the 1 escudo doesnt circulate well and vendors tend to round to the nearest five in practice. This coin comes in one style, featuring a sea turtle, while the other denominations came with three topical styles. These are the copper-plated-steel 5 escudos, nickel-plated-steel 10,20 and 50 escudos, the three congruent design series had one featuring native animals, the second was of historical ships with their names included, and the last was of native plants and ferns. Heptagonal 200 escudo coins have been issued in 1995 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of FAO and 20 years of independence, another 200 escudo coin, this time round was issued in 2005 to commemorate the 30th anniversary of independence. Circulation of the 200 escudo coin is not quite as widespread as the other denominations, in 1914, the Banco Nacional Ultramarino introduced notes in denominations of 4,5,10,20 and 50 centavos. In 1921, notes for 1,5,10,20,50 and 100 escudos were issued, the next series of notes, introduced in 1945, omitted all denominations below 5 escudos and included 500 escudo notes. 10 escudo notes were replaced by coins in 1953, with the 5 escudo note also withdrawn, after independence on 5 July 1975, notes were issued for 100,500, and 1000 escudos on 1 July 1977. The next series of notes was introduced in 1989 and consisted of 100,200,500,1000 and 2500 escudos, the third series was introduced in 1992 in denominations of 200,500,1000, with the addition in 1999 of 2000 and 5000 escudo notes

7.
Portuguese escudo
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The escudo was the currency of Portugal prior to the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999 and its removal from circulation on 28 February 2002. The escudo was subdivided into 100 centavos, amounts in escudos were written as escudos $ centavos with the cifrão as the decimal separator. Because of the rate of 1000 réis = $1, three decimal places were initially used. Escudo gold coinage was introduced in 1722 with denominations including 1⁄2 escudo,2,4, and 8 escudos. The escudo was introduced on 22 May 1911, after the 1910 Republican revolution. The term mil réis remained a colloquial synonym of escudo up to the 1990s, one million réis was called one conto de réis, or simply one conto. This expression passed on to the escudo, meaning 1, 000$, the escudos value was initially set at 675$00 =1 kg of gold. After 1914, the value of the fell, being fixed in 1928 at 108$25 to the Pound Sterling. This was altered to 110$00 to the Pound Sterling in 1931, a new rate of 27$50 escudos to the U. S. dollar was established in 1940, changing to 25$00 in 1940 and 28$75 in 1949. During World War II, escudos were heavily sought after by Nazi Germany, through Swiss banks, as currency to make purchases to Portugal. Inflation throughout the 20th century made centavos essentially worthless by its end, with the entry of Portugal in the Eurozone, the conversion rate to the euro was set at 200$482 to €1. The escudo was used in the Portuguese mainland, the Azores and Madeira, for more details, see the escudos of Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique, Portuguese Guinea and São Tomé and Príncipe. Only Cape Verde continues to use the escudo, in Macau, the currency during the colonial period was, as it is today, the pataca. Timor-Leste adopted the escudo whilst still a Portuguese colony, having used the pataca. Portuguese India adopted the escudo before it was annexed by India, the gold escudo mintage period for each denomination was different, 1⁄2 escudo through 1821,2 escudos through 1789, and 4 escudos through 1799. The 8 escudo coin was struck between 1722–30. Between 1912 and 1916, silver 10,20 and 50 centavos, bronze 1 and 2 centavos and cupro-nickel 4 centavos were issued between 1917 and 1922. In 1920, bronze 5 centavos and cupro-nickel 10 and 20 centavos were introduced, followed, in 1924, by bronze 10 and 20 centavos, aluminium bronze was replaced with cupro-nickel in 1927

8.
Surinamese dollar
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The dollar has been the currency of Suriname since 2004. It is divided into 100 cents, the dollar replaced the Surinamese guilder on 1 January 2004, with one dollar equal to 1000 guilders. Initially, only coins were available, with banknotes delayed until mid-February, reportedly due to a problem at the printer, the old coins denominated in cents were declared to be worth their face value in the new cents, negating the necessity of producing new coins. Thus, for example, an old 25 cent coin, previously worth 1⁄4 guilder, was now worth 1⁄4 dollar, amendment 121 of ISO4217 gave the currency the code SRD replacing the Suriname guilder. In January 2011, the SRD was fixed at 1 USD =3.25 SRD, in November 2015, this was changed to a fixed rate of USD =4.0 SRD and in April 2016 this was further changed. Coins in denominations of 1,5,10,25,100 and 250 cents from the currency are in circulation. The Surinamese dollar replaced the Surinamese guilder on 1 January 2004, with one dollar equal to 1,000 guilders, on the notes, the currency is expressed in the singular, as is the Dutch custom. Economy of Suriname Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean Announcement of the Central Bank of Suriname Modifications to ISO currency codes Coins of Suriname

9.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common

10.
JQuery
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JQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML. It is free, open-source software using the permissive MIT license, Web analysis indicates that it is the most widely deployed JavaScript library by a large margin. JQuerys syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements, create animations, handle events, jQuery also provides capabilities for developers to create plug-ins on top of the JavaScript library. This enables developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction and animation, advanced effects and high-level, the modular approach to the jQuery library allows the creation of powerful dynamic web pages and Web applications. The set of jQuery core features—DOM element selections, traversal and manipulation—enabled by its engine, created a new programming style, fusing algorithms. This style influenced the architecture of other JavaScript frameworks like YUI v3 and Dojo, Microsoft and Nokia bundle jQuery on their platforms. Microsoft includes it with Visual Studio for use within Microsofts ASP. NET AJAX, jQuery, at its core, is a Document Object Model manipulation library. The DOM is a representation of all the elements of a Web page. JQuery simplifies the syntax for finding, selecting, and manipulating these DOM elements, for example, jQuery can be used for finding an element in the document with a certain property, changing one or more of its attributes, or making it respond to an event. JQuery also provides a paradigm for event handling that goes beyond basic DOM element selection and manipulation, the event assignment and the event callback function definition are done in a single step in a single location in the code. JQuery also aims to incorporate other highly used JavaScript functionality, thus, it encourages developers to completely separate JavaScript code from HTML markup. Brevity and clarity, jQuery promotes brevity and clarity with features like chainable functions, elimination of cross-browser incompatibilities, The JavaScript engines of different browsers differ slightly so JavaScript code that works for one browser may not work for another. Like other JavaScript toolkits, jQuery handles all these cross-browser inconsistencies and provides a consistent interface that works across different browsers, extensibility, New events, elements, and methods can be easily added and then reused as a plugin. JQuery was originally released in January 2006 at BarCamp NYC by John Resig and was influenced by Dean Edwards earlier cssQuery library and it is currently maintained by a team of developers led by Timmy Willison. JQuery has also a software license history. Originally under the CC BY-SA2.5, it was relicensed to the MIT license in 2006, on end of 2006 it was dual-licensed under GPL and MIT license. As this led to confusion, in 2012 the GPL was dropped and is now only MIT licensed. x and 2. x of jQuery support current-1 versions of Firefox, Chrome, Safari. Version 1. x also supports Internet Explorer 6 or higher, however, jQuery version 2. x dropped Internet Explorer 6–8 support and supports only IE9 and later versions

11.
Factorial
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In mathematics, the factorial of a non-negative integer n, denoted by n. is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n. =5 ×4 ×3 ×2 ×1 =120, the value of 0. is 1, according to the convention for an empty product. The factorial operation is encountered in areas of mathematics, notably in combinatorics, algebra. Its most basic occurrence is the fact there are n. ways to arrange n distinct objects into a sequence. This fact was known at least as early as the 12th century, fabian Stedman, in 1677, described factorials as applied to change ringing. After describing a recursive approach, Stedman gives a statement of a factorial, Now the nature of these methods is such, the factorial function is formally defined by the product n. = ∏ k =1 n k, or by the relation n. = {1 if n =0. The factorial function can also be defined by using the rule as n. All of the above definitions incorporate the instance 0, =1, in the first case by the convention that the product of no numbers at all is 1. This is convenient because, There is exactly one permutation of zero objects, = n. ×, valid for n >0, extends to n =0. It allows for the expression of many formulae, such as the function, as a power series. It makes many identities in combinatorics valid for all applicable sizes, the number of ways to choose 0 elements from the empty set is =0. More generally, the number of ways to choose n elements among a set of n is = n. n, the factorial function can also be defined for non-integer values using more advanced mathematics, detailed in the section below. This more generalized definition is used by advanced calculators and mathematical software such as Maple or Mathematica, although the factorial function has its roots in combinatorics, formulas involving factorials occur in many areas of mathematics. There are n. different ways of arranging n distinct objects into a sequence, often factorials appear in the denominator of a formula to account for the fact that ordering is to be ignored. A classical example is counting k-combinations from a set with n elements, one can obtain such a combination by choosing a k-permutation, successively selecting and removing an element of the set, k times, for a total of n k _ = n ⋯ possibilities. This however produces the k-combinations in an order that one wishes to ignore, since each k-combination is obtained in k. different ways. This number is known as the coefficient, because it is also the coefficient of Xk in n

12.
Dollar$ (soundtrack)
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Dollar$ is the soundtrack album to the 1971 Richard Brooks movie of the same name, variously known as $, Dollars, Dollar$ or The Heist, starring Warren Beatty and Goldie Hawn. The soundtrack, originally issued on Reprise Records, is composed by Quincy Jones, throughout the album, the Don Elliott Voices provide harmony vocal background to otherwise instrumental pieces. Jones, who was at the time under contract to A&M Records, was given permission by A&M Records to become involved with the soundtrack, Little Richard, Roberta Flack and Doug Kershaw were all artists with the Warner Bros. The film was released in December 1971, followed by the early 1972 release of the soundtrack album, Jones Money Runner, was the promoted single from the album, released concurrently with the film, in December 1971. Money Is, written by Jones and sung by Little Richard, was the B-side, despite being subject to a degree of mixed critical reception, the soundtrack remains of ongoing interest to later artists. Gang Starr sampled Snow Creatures, while Mobb Deep sampled Kitty With The Bent Frame La Mongoose Band, a Spanish funk band, covered Money Runner

13.
$h*! My Dad Says
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My Dad Says is an American television sitcom produced by Warner Bros. It was based on the Twitter feed Shit My Dad Says, created by Justin Halpern and consisting of quotations from his father, Sam. The show originally ran from September 23,2010, to February 17,2011, after 18 episodes aired, the series was replaced in mid-season by Rules of Engagement which had moved to Thursdays from Mondays. On May 15,2011, CBS announced that it had canceled $#*, Ed is a very opinionated 72-year-old who has been divorced three times. His two adult sons, Henry and Vince, are accustomed to his unsolicited and often politically incorrect rants. When Henry, a writer and blogger, can no longer afford his rent, he is forced to move back in with Ed. As weeks go by Henry is unable to find a job as a writer and he finally lands a job, when during his interview Ed interrupts with an irrational phone call that sparks the interest of the eccentric editor conducting the interview. Henry is ultimately hired, but is forced to continue living with Ed in order to have readily-available material via his fathers unsolicited rants, William Shatner as Dr. William Shatner landed the lead role in late February 2010, which triggered a green-light to produce the pilot. Nicole Sullivan and Ryan Devlin came on board in early March, casting was completed with the addition of Will Sasso as Vince and Stephanie Lemelin as Sam later that month. The series was picked up by CBS in May 2010, with saying that the role of Henry would be recast. In July, Jonathan Sadowski was cast in the role, the character Sam was eliminated, never appearing in the broadcast pilot or subsequent episodes. My Dad Says received negative reviews, with Metacritic assigning it a score of 28/100, over 12 million viewers watched the premiere, although the next two episodes lost nearly 20% of that audience. The fourth and fifth episodes improved in ratings, being 10.16 million and 10.91 million respectively, the show won the award for Favorite New TV Comedy at the 37th Peoples Choice Awards on January 5,2011. The title of the broadcast series was modified from the material in order to comply with Federal Communications Commission regulations on the use of profane language during prime time. The profanity was also toned down and modified from Halperns Twitter feeds, on May 19,2010, CBS announced the shows official name and 8,30 pm time slot at its upfront presentation of the fall 2010 schedule. Addressing reporters concerns regarding the title, the network assured them that the expletive would not be used in promos, soon thereafter, the Parents Television Council announced that it was protesting the title because it alluded to an obscenity. The PTC threatened CBS with broadcast license challenges for any affiliate airing the show or its promos before 10 pm, responding to the controversy, CBS stated, will in no way be indecent and will adhere to all CBS standards. Parents who choose to do so will find the show can be blocked using their V Chip

14.
$ (film)
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$ is a 1971 American caper film starring Warren Beatty and Goldie Hawn, and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The movie was written and directed by Richard Brooks and produced by M. J. Frankovich, the supporting cast includes Gert Fröbe, Robert Webber and Scott Brady. The film was shot in Hamburg, Germany, which forms the primary location of the film and was supported by the Hamburg Art Museum. The films title appears in the credits only in the form of a giant character, as would be used in a sign. Set in Hamburg, West Germany, several criminals take advantage of the German bank privacy laws to use safe deposit boxes in a German bank to store large amounts of illicit cash. Joe has Dawn phone in a threat to the bank president, Mr. Kessel. Joe locks himself inside the vault with a gold bar normally displayed in the lobby to supposedly save it. The bank is closed and evacuated while Joe uses duplicate keys to empty the criminals three safe deposit boxes into Dawns large-size deposit box. The Las Vegas mobster flees the country while the others search Dawn Divines apartment — as she was their common link — and find clues that connect her to Joe. A long climactic chase begins as Dawn gives the Major the slip at the station while the Candy Man. Joe escapes again by hopping a train, but during the night the Sarge catches up to him, only to find that Joes suitcase contains nothing but a bottle of champagne and wads of newspaper. They conclude that Dawn double-crossed Joe by repacking the suitcases while he was getting the car, but, upon drinking a swallow of the champagne, the Sarge instantly goes into violent convulsions and falls down dead. The bottle was one of three that the Candy Man had filled with a solution of concentrated LSD to sneak through customs earlier in the film. An epilogue shows Dawn in a climate in the USA, joyfully driving a gleaming new yellow Corvette. The other suitcase is sitting near the bed, and Joes bomber jacket hangs on the coat rack, Dawn smugly explains to Joe that she was certain the criminals wouldnt kill him and leave themselves with no way to get the money. Warren Beatty as Joe Collins Goldie Hawn as Dawn Divine Gert Fröbe as Mr. Kessel Robert Webber as Mr, among Jones bouncy, funky instrumental songs, his track Snow Creatures has been heavily sampled by numerous hip hop artists, including Gang Star and Common Sense. Much of the film was shot in Hamburg, West Germany in January and February 1971, other filming locations included Del Mar Bridge alone 101, just before the Torrey Pines Bluffs in San Diego and at the Hotel Del Coronado, Coronado, CA and Sweden. The building depicted as the exterior of the bank was really the Kunsthalle, the route followed in the chase scenes realistically takes the viewer through many of the citys unique locales

15.
Armenian alphabet
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The Armenian alphabet is an alphabetical writing system used to write Armenian. It was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist and ecclesiastical leader, the Armenian word for alphabet is այբուբեն aybuben, named after the first two letters of the Armenian alphabet, ⟨Ա⟩ Armenian, այբ ayb and ⟨Բ⟩ Armenian, բեն ben. Listen to the pronunciation of the letters in Eastern Armenian or in Western Armenian, notes, ^ Only used in classical orthography, word-initially and in some compound words. ^ Except in ով /ov/ who and ովքեր /ovkʰer/ those, ^ Iranian Armenians pronounce this letter as, like in Classical Armenian. ^ In classical orthography, ու and և are considered a digraph, in reformed orthography, they are separate letters of the alphabet. ^ In reformed orthography, the letter ւ appears only as a component of ու, in classical orthography, the letter usually represents /v/, except in the digraph իւ /ju/. The spelling reform in Soviet Armenia replaced իւ with the trigraph յու, ^ Except in the present tense of to be, եմ /em/ I am, ես /es/ you are, ենք /enkh/ we are, եք /ekh/ you are, են /en/ they are. ^ The letter ը is generally used only at the start or end of a word, ancient Armenian manuscripts used many ligatures. Some of the commonly used ligatures are, ﬓ, ﬔ, ﬕ, ﬖ, ﬗ, և, Armenian print typefaces also include many ligatures. In the new orthography, the character և is no longer a typographical ligature, Armenian punctuation is often placed above and slightly to the right of the vowel whose tone is modified, in order to reflect intonation. The computer-induced use of English-style single or double quotes is strongly discouraged in Armenian as they look too much like other – unrelated – Armenian punctuations, the storaket is used as a comma, and placed as in English. The mijaket is used like a colon, mainly to separate two closely related clauses, or when a long list of items follows. The verjaket is used as the full stop, and placed at the end of the sentence. The yerkaratsman nshan is used as an exclamation mark, the shesht is used as an emphasis mark, and usually placed over the last vowel of the interjection word to indicate stress. The hartsakan nshan is used as a mark and placed after the last vowel of the question word. The apatarts is used as an apostrophe, only in Western Armenian, to indicate elision of a vowel. The yentamna is used as the ordinary Armenian hyphen, the pativ was used as an Armenian abbreviation mark, and was placed on top of an abbreviated word to indicate that it was abbreviated. ISO9985 transliterates the Armenian alphabet for modern Armenian as follows, In the linguistic literature on Classical Armenian, hübschmann-Meillet have The Armenian alphabet was introduced by Mesrop Mashtots and Isaac of Armenia in 405 CE