 Graham Stuart Staines

Forward Ever, Backward Never!

"Some wish to live within the sound of Church or Chapel bell;I want to run a Rescue Shop within a yard of hell."—C. T. Studd

Charles T. Studd was a servant of Christ who faithfully served His Saviourin China, India, and Africa.

Charles Thomas Studd was born in England in 1860, one of three sons of a wealthyretired planter, Edward Studd, who had made a fortune in India and had come back toEngland to spend it. After being converted to Christ during a Moody-Sankey campaign inEngland in 1877, Edward Studd became deeply concerned about the spiritual welfare ofhis three sons and influenced them for the cause of Christ before his death two yearslater.

By the time C. T. was sixteen he had become an expert cricket player and at nineteenwas captain of his team at Eton College. He was further educated at Trinity College,Cambridge where he was also recognized as an outstanding cricketer.

C. T. was saved in 1878 at the age of 18 when a visiting preacher at their home caughtC. T. on his way to play cricket. "Are you a Christian?" he asked. C. T's answer not beingconvincing enough, the guest pressed the point and C. T. tells what happens as heacknowledges God's gift of eternal life received through faith in Christ: "I got down onmy knees and I did say 'thank you' to God. And right then and there joy and peace cameinto my soul. I knew then what it was to be 'born again,' and the Bible which had beenso dry to me before, became everything." His two brothers were also saved that sameday!

But there followed a period of six years in a backslidden state. C. T. relates: "Instead ofgoing and telling others of the love of Christ, I was selfish and kept the knowledge tomyself. The result was that gradually my love began to grow cold, and the love of theworld began to come in. I spent six years in that unhappy backslidden state." The Lordin His goodness worked in his life and after a serious illness of his brother and his goingto hear D. L. Moody the Lord met C. T. again and restored to him the joy of Hissalvation.

The Lord continued to work in his life, and led C. T. to go to China. C. T. seeking tocomfort his mother wrote: "Mother dear, I do pray God to show you that it is such aprivilege to give up a child to be used of God to saving poor sinners who have nevereven heard of the name of Jesus." C. T. was one of the "Cambridge Seven" who offeredthemselves to Hudson Taylor for missionary service in the China Inland Mission and inFebruary, 1885, sailed for China. Once there, they followed the early practice of theMission by living and dressing in Chinese fashion. He and the others began at once tolearn the language and to further identify themselves with the nationals by wearingChinese clothing and eating with them.

It was while in China that C. T. reached the age (25 years old) in which according to hisfather's will he was to inherit a large sum of money. Through reading God's Word andmuch prayer, C. T. felt led to give his entire wealth to Christ! It was his public testimonybefore God and man that he believed God's Word to be the surest thing on earth, andthat the hundred fold interest which God has promised in this life, not to speak of thenext, is an actual reality for those who believe it and act on it."

Before knowing the exact amount of his inheritance, C.T. sent £5000 to Mr. Moody,another £5000 to George Müller (£4000 to be used on missionary work and £1000among the orphans); as well as £15,000 pounds to support other worthy ministries. In afew months, he was able to discover the exact amount of his inheritance and he gavesome additional thousands away, leaving about £3400 pounds in his possession.

Three years after arriving in China, C. T. married a young Irish missionary namedPriscilla Livingstone Stewart. Just before the wedding he presented his bride with theremaining money from his inheritance. She, not to be outdone, said, "Charlie, what didthe Lord tell the rich young man to do?" "Sell all." "Well then, we will start clear with theLord at our wedding." And they proceeded to give the rest of the money away for theLord's work.

They served the Lord together in inland China through many perils and hardships until in1894 after ten years in China, ill health forced the Studds to return to England, wherethey turned their property over to the China Inland Mission.

From 1896-1897, C. T. toured American universities in behalf of the newly formed

Student Volunteer Movement. In 1900 the Studd family went to South India where C. T.served as a pastor of a church in Ooty for six years. From the time of his conversion,C.T. had felt the responsibility upon their family to take the Gospel to India.

China, then India, and now the heart of Africa. After their return home to England in1906, C. T. was stirred by the need for missionary pioneer work in Central Africa. Butagain the path was not without obstacles. Penniless, turned down by the doctor, droppedby a Committee of businessmen who had agreed to support him, yet told by God to go,once more C. T. staked all on obedience to God. As a young man he staked his career, inChina he staked his fortune, now he staked his life. His answer to the Committee was;"Gentlemen, God has called me to go, and I will go. I will blaze the trail, though mygrave may only become a stepping stone that younger men may follow." Leaving hiswife and four daughters in England, C. T. sailed, contrary to medical advice, for the heartof Africa in 1910, where he continued to work until his death in 1931.

C. T. bore much fruit for the Saviour while in Africa as he endured weakness andsickness; loosing most of his teeth and suffering several heart attacks; but he enduredhardness as a good soldier of the Lord Jesus Christ!

In a letter home, C. T. gave a last backward look at the outstanding events of his life:

“My only joys therefore are that when God has given me a work to do, I havenot refused it."

Shortly after 10:30 p.m. on a July day in 1931, C. T. Studd went home to be with HisLord whom he had loved so dearly and served so faithfully! The last word he spoke was"Hallelujah"! JIM ELLIOT

January 2, 1956, was the day that 29-year-old Jim Elliot had waited for most of his life.He jumped out of bed, dressed as quickly as he could, and got ready for the short flightover the thick Ecuador (Eck-wah-door) jungle. Almost three years of jungle ministry andmany hours of planning and praying had led Jim to this day. Within hours, he and fourother missionaries would be setting up camp in the territory of a dangerous anduncivilized Indian tribe known then as the Aucas (Ow-cuz), known now as the Waodani(Wah-o-dah-nee). The Aucas had killed all outsiders ever caught in their area. Eventhough it was dangerous, Jim Elliot had no doubt God wanted him to tell the Aucas aboutJesus. UpAs a little boy growing up in Portland, Oregon, Jim Elliot listened carefully as visitingmissionaries told about life on faraway missions fields. He asked them questions anddreamed about being a missionary himself some day. It made him sad that so manypeople in other countries died without knowing about God.

Jim now began to feel it was time to tell the Aucas about Jesus. The Aucas had killedmany Quichuas. They had also killed several workers at an oil company-drilling site neartheir territory. The oil company closed the site because everyone was afraid to workthere. Jim knew the only way to stop the Aucas from killing was to tell them about Jesus.Jim and the four other Ecuador missionaries began to plan a way to show the Aucas theywere friendly.

Nate Saint, a missionary supply pilot, came up with a way to lower a bucket filled withsupplies to people on the ground while flying above them. He thought this would be aperfect way to win the trust of the Aucas without putting anyone in danger. They begandropping gifts to the Aucas. They also used an amplifier to speak out friendly Aucaphrases. After many months, the Aucas even sent a gift back up in the bucket to theplane. Jim and the other missionaries felt the time had come to meet the Aucas face-to-face.

One day while flying over Auca territory, Nate Saint spotted a beach that looked longenough to land the plane on. He planned to land there and the men would build a treehouse to stay safe in until friendly contact could be made.

The missionaries were flown in one-by-one and dropped off on the Auca beach. NateSaint then flew over the Auca village and called for the Aucas to come to the beach.After four days, an Auca man and two women appeared. It was not easy for them tounderstand each other since the missionaries only knew a few Auca phrases. Theyshared a meal with them, and Nate took the man up for a flight in the plane. Themissionaries tried to show sincere friendship and asked them to bring others next time.For the next two days, the missionaries waited for other Aucas to return. Finally, on daysix, two Auca women walked out of the jungle. Jim and Pete excitedly jumped in theriver and waded over to them. As they got closer, these women did not appear friendly.Jim and Pete almost immediately heard a terrifying cry behind them. As they turned theysaw a group of Auca warriors with their spears raised, ready to throw. Jim Elliot reachedfor the gun in his pocket. He had to decide instantly if he should use it. But he knew hecouldn't. Each of the missionaries had promised they would not kill an Auca who did notknow Jesus to save himself from being killed. Within seconds, the Auca warriors threwtheir spears, killing all the missionaries: Ed McCully, Roger Youderian, Nate Saint, PeteFleming and Jim Elliot.

Late in the afternoon of Sunday, January 8, Elisabeth Elliot, Jim's wife, waited by thetwo-way radio to hear Nate Saint and his wife discuss how things had gone that day. Butthere was no call. As evening turned to night, the wives grew worried. They knew thenews was not good.

The next morning another missionary pilot flew over the beach to look for the men. Hesaw only the badly damaged plane on the beach.

News quickly spread around the world about the five missing missionaries. A UnitedStates search team went to the beach, found the missionaries' bodies, and buried them.

But don't think Operation Auca ended there, because it didn't. In less than two yearsElisabeth Elliot, her daughter Valerie, and Rachel Saint (Nate's sister) were able to moveto the Auca village. Many Aucas became Christians. They are now a friendly tribe.Missionaries, including Nate Saint's son and his family, still live among the Aucas today.

Elisabeth Elliot even helped make a movie about Operation Auca called Through Gates ofSplendor.It showed real life scenes of the five missionaries on the beach with the friendlyAucas. It also included footage of the two years she and her daughter spent living in anAuca village.

During his life, Jim Elliot longed for more people to become missionaries. In his death,however, he probably inspired more people to go to other countries to share the love ofJesus than he ever could have in life.

Make It Real! Questions to make you dig a little deeper and think a little harder.

1. Jim desired to serve God as a missionary. How do you desire to serve God? 2. Jim chose not to use a gun to protect himself when attacked by the Aucas. Why? What would you have done and why? 3. Jim's wife and daughter went to live with the Aucas after Jim was killed. Can you imagine choosing to live in the Auca village after such tragedy? WILLIAM CAREY

Ever met anyone whose love is so great that they would pay any price, make anysacrifice, undergo any hardship, to bring the Gospel of Christ to as many people aspossible? William Carey was like that. As a young man in England in the late 1780s,William was obsessed with the conviction that the church must take God's Word to everynation. At this time most Protestants were not active in missionary activity. (TheMoravians and their pioneering efforts were the major exception.)

Carey kept urging his fellow pastors to set up a missionary agency, but they alwaysseemed to have more urgent problems closer to home. At one meeting an elder pastorreportedly snapped at him: "Young man, sit down. When God pleases to convert theheathen, he'll do it without consulting you or me."

But William Carey simply would not let anything stand in the way. The obstacles hefaced were many and menacing, any one of which would have given most of us cause toturn back. A few examples:

Lack of Formal Training: William Carey did not go to school beyond the age of 12when he became a cobbler's apprentice. He was educationally unqualified. Yet he knewGod had given him a great gift for languages, and this must be used to share Christ withother cultures.

Rejection: When Carey was preparing for ordination in 1785, he was rejected when hegave his first sermon as a candidate. It took two more years for him to be eventuallyordained to the ministry.

Indifference of Colleagues: William Carey's missionary concern was ignored until in

1792 he produced one of the most important books in all of church history: An EnquiryInto the Obligations of Christians. In it he argued that Christ's "Great Commission" inMatthew 28:19-20 was not just to the apostles but to Christians of all periods. It provedto be kind of the charter of the modern Protestant missionary movement. Carey showedthat if Christians want to claim the comforts and promises of the New Testament, theymust also accept the commands and instructions given there. Soon after the publicationhe delivered a famous sermon in which he admonished Christian leaders to "expectgreat things from God; attempt great things for God." His colleagues formed amissionary society and sent Carey as their first missionary to India, along with a Dr.John Thomas.

Family Tragedy: Carey and his wife Dorothy lost three small children. In India Dorothyprogressively lost her sanity and could not cope with the strain of living at a subsistencelevel in India. They had three other young children to raise. No one would have blamedthem if they had decided to pack it in and sail back home to more familiar andcomfortable surroundings, but they stayed on.

Slow Results: William Carey spent seven years in India before seeing his first convert.And then there was the problem of the persecution of anyone who became a Christianbecause it meant breaking caste in India.

Cultural Barriers: At the time in India there were practices that Carey had to opposeas a Christian: children were sacrificed to the gods; widows were burned alive on theirhusband's funeral pyres.

The Obstacle List Goes On: There was official opposition from the British East IndiaCompany which did not want missionaries in India. There was the disastrous fire in 1812at the mission printing plant that destroyed years of Carey's translation work. Therewere repeated attacks of malaria and cholera, impoverished living conditions, insufficientfunds to eke out even a minimal existence. Carey had to take up secular employmentjust to survive.

All For What?: Was it worth it? Beyond a doubt. William Carey formed a team ofcolleagues (the Serampore Trio) whose accomplishments elevated them to firstmagnitude in all missions history. Carey's team translated the Bible in 34 Asianlanguages, compiled dictionaries of Sanskrit, Marathi, Panjabi, and Telegu--respectedeven today as authoritative; started the still influential Serampore College; beganchurches and established 19 mission stations; formed 100 rural schools encouraging theeducation of girls; started the Horticultural Society of India; served as a professor at FortWilliam College, Calcutta; began the weekly publication "THE FRIEND OF INDIA,"(continued today as "THE STATESMAN"); printed the first Indian newspaper; introducedthe concept of the savings bank to assist poor farmers. His fight against the burning ofwidows ("SATI" ) helped lead to its ban in 1829. We could go on if space permitted, butyou get the idea. Equally important is the vision that Carey raised for missions. WilliamCarey's life inspired tens of thousands to give themselves for the spread of the Gospel. SADHU SUNDAR SINGH

Sundar was raised a member of the Sikh religion. (Sikhism is a sect within Hinduism thatwas founded about 1500 A.D. that teaches belief in one God and rejects the castesystem and idolatry.) Prior to his conversion, Sundar attended a primary school run bythe American Presbyterian Mission where the New Testament was read daily as a"textbook." Sundar "refused to read the Bible at the daily lessons...To some extent theteaching of the Gospel on the love of God attracted me, but I still thought it was false."Though according to another testimony, Sundar confessed, "Even then, I felt the Divineattractiveness and wonderful power of the Bible."

In the midst of such confusion and while only fourteen years old, his mother died, andSundar underwent a crisis of faith. His mother was a loving saintly woman and they werevery close. In his anger, Sundar burned a copy of one of the Gospels in public.

"Although I believed that I had done a very good deed by burning the Bible, I feltunhappy," he said. Within three days Sundar Singh could bear his misery no longer. Lateone night in December 1903, he rose from bed and prayed that God reveal himself tohim if he really existed. Otherwise -- "I planned to throw myself in front of the trainwhich passed by our house." For seven hours Sundar Singh prayed. "O God, if there is aGod, reveal thyself to me tonight." The next train was due at five o'clock in the morning.The hours passed.

Suddenly the room filled with a glow. A man appeared before him. Sundar Singh heard avoice say, "How long will you deny me? I died for you; I have given my life for you." Hesaw the man's hands, pierced by nails.

Jesus was the last person Sundar was looking for. After all, Jesus was the 'foreign god' ofthe Christian teachers at his school… Amazed that his vision had taken the unexpectedform of Jesus, Sundar was convinced in his heart that Jesus was the true Savior, andthat He was alive. Sundar fell on his knees before Him and experienced an astonishingpeacefulness which he had never felt before. The vision disappeared, but peace and joylingered within him.

To meet Christ was only the beginning for Sundar Singh. He was a Sikh. Sikhs hadendured terrible persecutions in their early history. As a consequence they were fiercelyloyal to their faith and to each other. Conversion to Christianity was consideredtreachery. Now every effort was made to woo or coerce Sundar Singh back to hisancestral faith.

Despite his family's please, bribes, and threats, Sundar wanted to be baptized in theChristian faith. After his father spoke words of official rejection over him, Sundar becamean outcast from his people. He cut off the hair he had worn long like every Sikh man.Against great opposition, he was baptized on his birthday in 1905, in an English churchin Shimla.

Conventional Indian churches were willing to grant him a pulpit, but their rules wereforeign to his spirit. Indeed, he felt that a key reason the gospel was not accepted inIndia was because it came in a garb foreign to Indians. He decided to become a sadhu,so that he could dedicate himself to the Lord Jesus. He was convinced that this was thebest way to introduce the Gospel to his people since it was the only way which his peoplewere accustomed to. As a sadhu, he wore a yellow robe, lived on the charity of others,abandoned all possession and maintained celibacy. In this lifestyle, he was free todevote himself to the Lord. Dressed in his thin yellow robe, Sundar Singh took to theroad and began a life of spreading the simple message of love and peace and rebirththrough Jesus. He carried no money or other possessions, only a New Testament.

"I am not worthy to follow in the steps of my Lord," he said, "but like Him, I want nohome, no possessions. Like Him I will belong to the road, sharing the suffering of mypeople, eating with those who will give me shelter, and telling all people of the love ofGod."

Sundar journeyed much. He traveled all over India and Ceylon. Between 1918-1919, hevisited Malaysia, Japan and China. Between 1920-1922 he went to Western Europe,Australia and Israel. He preached in many cities; Jerusalem, Lima, Berlin andAmsterdam among others. Despite his growing fame, Sundar retained a modest nature,desiring only to follow Jesus' example: to repay evil with kindness and to win over hisenemies by love. This attitude often caused his enemies to feel ashamed of themselves,and caused even his father to become a Christian later in life, and to support Sundar inministry.

He was quite independent of outward Church authority in all his religious life, thought,and work. He dropped out of a Christian seminary that he briefly attended. Neither didhe attach much importance to public worship because in his experience the heart praysbetter in solitude than in a congregation. He was also highly displeased with what hefound when he toured western nations that for centuries had the benefit of the Bible andwhose central figure of worship was Jesus. Sundar proclaimed almost propheticdenunciations upon Western Christianity, and laughed at the way the West looked downupon religious men of the East as mere "pagans" and "heathens." "People call usheathens," he said in a conversation with the Archbishop of Upsala. "Just fancy! Mymother a heathen! If she were alive now she would certainly be a Christian. But evenwhile she followed her ancestral faith she was so religious that the term 'heathen' makesme smile. She prayed to God, she served God, she loved God, far more warmly anddeeply than many Christians." He travelled India and Tibet, as well as the rest of theworld, with the message that the modern interpretation of Jesus was sadly watereddown. Sundar visited Tibet every summer. In 1929, he visited that country again andwas never seen again.Sundar's Faith for All Mankind

Few Christians know that Sundar was not afraid to raise his voice in favor of"universalism." He could never deny to all non-Christians the possibility of enteringheaven. In 1925 Sundar wrote, "If the Divine spark in the soul cannot be destroyed,then we need despair of no sinner... Since God created men to have fellowship withHimself, they cannot for ever be separated from Him... After long wandering, and bydevious paths, sinful man will at last return to Him in whose Image he was created; forthis is his final destiny."

In February, 1929, the year Sundar disappeared on his final missionary trip to Tibet, hewas interviewed by several theology students in Calcutta, India, where he answeredtheir questions:

(Question #1) What did the Sadhu think should be our attitude towards non-Christianreligions? -- The old habit of calling them 'heathen' should go. The worst 'heathen' wereamong us [Christians]...

(Question #2) Who were right, Christian Fundamentalists or Christian Liberals? -- Bothwere wrong. The Fundamentalists were uncharitable to those who differed from them.That is, they were unchristian. The Liberals sometimes went to the extent of denying thedivinity of Christ, which they had no business to do.

(Question #3) Did the Sadhu think there was eternal punishment? -- There waspunishment, but it was not eternal...Everyone after this life would be given a fair chanceof making good, and attaining to the measure of fullness the soul was capable of. Thismight sometimes take ages." PANDITA RAMABAI

“A life committed to Christ has

Nothing to FearNothing to LooseNothing to regret” – Pandita Ramabai

Pandita Ramabai was a scholar, poet, visionary and an eminent social reformer. Shelived during the times in India, when women were not allowed to study or work and werealso considered lower than men. They had no role in the society except to marry andbear children for their husbands. Child marriages were widespread and the child widowswere left to abuse and slavery from the family and society. They were considered as―curse‖ and they often lived terrible lives filled with agony and pain.

Ramabai was born to High caste Hindu Brahmin named Anant Shastri. He was a socialreformer and believed in educating girls. When he was forty, he had married a 9 year oldgirl. He was very learned in Sanskrit and he read the old Hindu Scriptures – the Puranasin temples for livelihood. He taught Sanskrit to his young wife, for which he was highlydespised and abandoned from the family and society. So he went around from village tovillage with his wife and three children reading the Puranas to the temple priest, in thefairs, holy places and wealthy Hindu people who could not read in those times. TheHindus believed they got merit by listening to the sacred words. They would give moneyand gifts to those who read the Scriptures for them. In this way the family traveledhundreds of miles on foot, never resting, and living a very simple life with adequate foodor clothing. They never had to beg or work to earn a livelihood; the sacred readingswere enough to bring them all they needed.

Years went by, Ramabai was 13 now. Her parents were getting ill and she had her olderbrother Srinivas. One other sibling had passed away. The country went through a hugefamine in that time. People had nothing or very little to share. There came a time whenthere was no food at all for them to eat for days. They ate wild leaves and few berriesoccasionally if they found. Sadly, in that destitute condition too weak and sick, her fatherpassed away. Before dying he took Ramabai and said, ―Always go on in the path of God.Always make it your aim to serve God. I have given you into God’s keeping‖. After thisthey travelled on, in few months the same conditions took her mother’s life.

Brother and sister were now left utterly alone. Ramabai began to lose her faith in thereligion where she had suffered so much. They decided to give up their wanderings andcome to Calcutta. Here, they were welcomed by the Hindu priests as they too were highcaste Brahmins. They were amazed to hear Ramabai read the Puranas in Sanskrit. Theywere astonished by her wisdom. There were very few women who could read Sanskritbut Ramabai even knew its grammar. So they bestowed her with the highest known titleof ―Pandita‖ (Scholar). Soon they were invited to give lectures and to visit places oflearning.The more, she studied the Hindu Scriptures; she became more unhappy and restless asshe could not find peace and God. After all the struggles and pain she went through, hisbrother became ill and died too. Now, she was all alone in this world and so decided tomarry. There was a lawyer who was not a Brahmin but was from a lower caste called―Shudras‖, he loved Ramabai and had asked her to marry him many times before. Sothey both got married. This was very shocking and unheard of to her friends andrelatives as Ramabai was a high caste Brahmin. But he cared for her and loved her.

One day Ramabai saw a small book in his husband’s library called the ―Gospel of St.Luke‖. It was in Bengali and she read it to the end. When she inquired about it to herhusband, he said he had got it from the mission school. She wanted to know more andso her husband let a missionary come to their home to explain her about the book. Thiswent on for some days, she felt very peaceful by reading this book. And she wanted tobecome a Christian which her husband would never agree to.

Just after 18 months of their marriage, Ramabai’s husband encountered Cholera and hedied. They had a beautiful daughter named Manorama (joy of the heart). As a Hinduwidow, she had no place in her husband’s home so she took her daughter and set forthto go to her home state and came to Pune. Ramabai studied English here and also wrotea book called “Morals for women”.

One day, when Ramabai was reading in her home a little child widow came to her door.She was very sick. She had nowhere to go. Ramabai took her inside and cared for her.She took in this child like her own daughter. Now she knew what she had to do. Shewanted to start a home for such widows where they will be loved and care for. Fired bythis thought she tried to raise the necessary money but no one would give her any. Shehad so little of her own. It was a time of great disappointment for her.

But she had made friends with an English missionary Miss Hurford during that time. Shewas going home back to England and suggested that Ramabai can accompany her.Ramabai’s book had bought in little money, just enough to pay the passage for her andManorama. Ramabai was very afraid crossing the ocean and go to a foreign land. Butshe knew that God was calling her and she had to go.

In England Ramabai and her daughter went with Sister of Mercy at Wantage. Here shefound that her long pilgrimage to find God is over when she felt the love and compassionof Jesus Christ. She went to Cheltenham College and taught Sanskrit in return.

From here she came to America. She found American people very enthusiastic andhelpful. She went and gave many lectures and wrote a book “High Caste HinduWoman”. She started educating the West about the conditions of women in India.American women offered to help with her plan to start the home for widows. Theyformed Ramabai Association and promised that if she would start a school for the youngwidows they would help for 10 years.

Ten years seemed like a life time to her. She returned to India overjoyed to start hermission. When she came to Bombay (now Mumbai) she was welcomed by her oldfriends. They were happy to help Ramabai in her mission only if she would not teachthem anything about the new God she had found in the West. Ramabai agreed to do so.She would herself travel around the country and bring back young girls who are widowssuffering in pain and agony.

Ramabai had seen some land a little far from Pune in Kedgaon and brought it for thegirls to stay. She started a school called ―Sharda Sadan‖ (House of knowledge) in whichshe taught reading, writing, history and nature study. She started here with 20 girls. Butthat year they had famine. Ramabai herself set out to bring children who are hungry andbegging. She brought back 200 of them. She built huts and let the new gals stay.

Ramabai also got 2 helpers, one Indian and other English, who shared her burden withhelping young gals. She systematically taught the older girls first who in turn would takecharge and help the younger girls. Gradually she had 2000 gals living in Mukti Mission(The home of Salvation).

For 20 years Pandita Ramabai went on working and caring for her large family. Shepassed away on 5th April, 1922. It has been more than 100 years since she started ahumble beginning of Mukti Mission. Her vision still continues in the lives of many womenand young girls today who have found hope and new life at Mukti Mission.

"People must not only hear about the kingdom of God, but must see it in actualoperation, on a small scale perhaps and in imperfect form, but a realdemonstration nevertheless.” DAVID LIVINGSTONE Missionary-explorer of Africa

The whole civilized world wept. They gave him a 21-gun salute and a hero's funeralamong the saints in Westminster Abbey. "Brought by faithful hands over land and sea,"his tombstone reads, "David Livingstone: missionary, traveller, philanthropist. For 30years his life was spent in an unwearied effort to evangelize the native races, to explorethe undiscovered secrets, and to abolish the slave trade." He was Mother Teresa, NeilArmstrong, and Abraham Lincoln rolled into one.

Highway man

At age 25, after a childhood spent working 14 hours a day in a cotton mill, followed bylearning in class and on his own, Livingstone was captivated by an appeal for medicalmissionaries to China. As he trained, however, the door to China was slammed shut bythe Opium War. Within six months, he met Robert Moffat, a veteran missionary ofsouthern Africa, who enchanted him with tales of his remote station, glowing in themorning sun with "the smoke of a thousand villages where no missionary had beenbefore."

For ten years, Livingstone tried to be a conventional missionary in southern Africa. He

opened a string of stations in "the regions beyond," where he settled down to stationlife, teaching school and superintending the garden. After four years of bachelor life, hemarried his "boss's" daughter, Mary Moffat.

From the beginning, Livingstone showed signs of restlessness. After his only convertdecided to return to polygamy, Livingstone felt more called than ever to explore. Duringhis first term in South Africa, Livingstone made some of the most prodigious—and mostdangerous—explorations of the nineteenth century. His object was to open a "MissionaryRoad"—"God's Highway," he also called it—1,500 miles north into the interior to bring"Christianity and civilization" to unreached peoples.

Explorer for Christ

He had the temperament of a book-reading loner. He held little patience for the attitudesof missionaries with "miserably contracted minds" who had absorbed "the colonialmentality" regarding the natives. When Livingstone spoke out against racial intolerance,white Afrikaners tried to drive him out, burning his station and stealing his animals.

He also had problems with the London Missionary Society, who felt that his explorationswere distracting him from his missionary work. Throughout his life, however, Livingstonealways thought of himself as primarily a missionary, "not a dumpy sort of person with aBible under his arms, [but someone] serving Christ when shooting a buffalo for my menor taking an observation, [even if some] will consider it not sufficiently or even at allmissionary."

Though alienated from the whites, the natives loved his common touch, his roughpaternalism, and his curiosity. They also thought he might protect them or supply themwith guns. More than most Europeans, Livingstone talked to them with respect, Scottishlaird to African chief. Some explorers took as many as 150 porters when they traveled;Livingstone traveled with 30 or fewer.

On an epic, three-year trip from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean (reputedly thefirst by a European) Livingstone was introduced to the 1,700-mile-long Zambezi. Theriver was also home to Victoria Falls, Livingstone's most awe-inspiring discovery. Thescene was "so lovely," he later wrote, that it "must have been gazed upon by angels intheir flight."

Despite its beauty, the Zambezi was a river of human misery. It linked the Portuguesecolonies of Angola and Mozambique, the main suppliers of slaves for Brazil, who in turnsold to Cuba and the United States. Though Livingstone was partially driven by a desireto create a British colony, his primary ambition was to expose the slave trade and cut itoff at the source. The strongest weapon in this task, he believed, was Christiancommercial civilization. He hoped to replace the "inefficient" slave economy with acapitalist economy: buying and selling goods instead of people.

The ill-fated Zambezi expedition

After a brief heroic return to England, Livingstone returned to Africa, this time tonavigate 1,000 miles up the Zambezi in a brass-and-mahogany steamboat to establish amission near Victoria Falls. The boat was state-of-the-art technology but proved too frailfor the expedition. It leaked horribly after repeatedly running aground on sandbars.

Livingstone pushed his men beyond human endurance. When they reached a 30-footwaterfall, he waved his hand, as if to wish it away, and said, "That's not supposed to bethere." His wife, who had just given birth to her sixth child, died in 1862 beside theriver, only one of several lives claimed on the voyage. Two years later, the Britishgovernment, which had no interest in "forcing steamers up cataracts," recalledLivingstone and his mission party.

A year later, he was on his way back to Africa again, this time leading an expeditionsponsored by the Royal Geographical Society and wealthy friends. "I would not consentto go simply as a geographer," he emphasized, but as biographer Tim Jeal wrote, "Itwould be hard to judge whether the search for the Nile's source or his desire to exposethe slave trade was his dominant motive." The source of the Nile was the greatgeographical puzzle of the day. But more important to Livingstone was the possibility ofproving that the Bible was true by tracing the African roots of Judaism and Christianity.

For two years he simply disappeared, without a letter or scrap of information. He

reported later that he had been so ill he could not even lift a pen, but he was able toread the Bible straight through four times. Livingstone's disappearance fascinated thepublic as much as Amelia Earhart's a few generations later.When American journalist Henry Stanley found Livingstone, the news exploded inEngland and America. Papers carried special editions devoted to the famous meeting. InAugust 1872, in precarious health, Livingstone shook Stanley's hand and set out on hisfinal journey.

When Livingstone had arrived in Africa in 1841, it was as exotic as outer space, calledthe "Dark Continent" and the "White Man's Graveyard." although the Portuguese, Dutch,and English were pushing into the interior, African maps had blank unexplored areas—noroads, no countries, no landmarks. Livingstone helped redraw the maps, exploring whatare now a dozen countries, including South Africa, Rwanda, Angola, and the Republic ofthe Congo (formerly Zaire). And he made the West aware of the continuing evil ofAfrican slavery, which led to its being eventually outlawed. GEORGE MUELLER Orphanages Built by Prayer

"The children are dressed and ready for school. But there is no food for them to eat," thehousemother of the orphanage informed George Mueller. George asked her to take the300 children into the dining room and have them sit at the tables. He thanked God forthe food and waited. George knew God would provide food for the children as he alwaysdid. Within minutes, a baker knocked on the door. "Mr. Mueller," he said, "last night Icould not sleep. Somehow I knew that you would need bread this morning. I got up andbaked three batches for you. I will bring it in."

Soon, there was another knock at the door. It was the milkman. His cart had brokendown in front of the orphanage. The milk would spoil by the time the wheel was fixed.He asked George if he could use some free milk. George smiled as the milkman broughtin ten large cans of milk. It was just enough for the 300 thirsty children.

The Boy Was a Thief: George Mueller was not always a person of such great faith andgood character. As a young boy growing up in Germany in the early 1800s, he oftenstole money from his dad. As a teenager, he sneaked out of a hotel twice without payingfor the room. One time he was caught by police and put in jail. As a Bible collegestudent, George loved going to bars, drinking, gambling, and being the life of the party.He also loved making fun of people, especially Christians.

Surprised by a Bible Study: One day, a friend invited George to go to an off-campus

Bible study. He went only because he wanted to make fun of the Christians later. But tohis surprise, he liked the Bible study. For the first time, he saw people who really knewand loved God. He attended each evening. Before the end of the week, he knelt at hisbed and asked God to forgive his sins.

George's friends saw a change in him immediately. He no longer went to bars or madefun of people. He spent more time reading his Bible, talking about God, and going tochurch. Soon he found that his friends did not want to be around him anymore.

When George told his father that he had decided to become a missionary, his fatherbecame very upset. He wanted George to have a high-paying job and not be a poormissionary. He told George that he would not give him any more money for school.George knew he had to do what God was calling him to do, even if his dad didn't supporthim.

An Hour after He Prayed, the Answer Came: George went back to college withoutknowing how he was going to pay his tuition. He did something he thought was a bit sillyfor a grown man to do. He got on his knees and asked God to provide. To his surprise,an hour later a professor knocked on his door. He offered George a paid tutoring job!George was amazed! This was the beginning of George Mueller's dependence on God.

Almost Dying Turned out for the Best: After finishing college, George was ready tobegin his missionary work in London, England. But there was one problem: Germanyrequired all healthy men to serve at least a year in the army. George wanted to get tohis mission as quickly as possible; however, he became very sick. His illness was soserious that he almost died. It also made him unable to serve in the army. He was nowfree to go to England as a missionary.

No More Rich Seat/Poor Seat: George became the pastor of a small church inEngland. The church wanted to pay him a good salary from the money it receivedrenting pews to rich church members who sat at the front of the church. (Poor membershad to sit in the "cheap" seats in the back.) George told them that this had to stop ifthey wanted him to be their pastor. Even so, he did not allow the church to pay him asalary. He trusted God to meet his needs, and God did. George and his family nevermissed a meal and were always able to pay their rent. George began to sense, however,that God had something else for him to do.

Praying Food into the Home: Each day as George walked the streets, he saw childreneverywhere who had no mom or dad. They lived on the streets or in state-runpoorhouses, where they were treated badly. George felt God calling him to open anorphanage to take care of the children.

George prayed, asking God to provide a building, people to oversee it, furniture, andmoney for food and clothing. God answered his prayers. The needs of the orphanagewere met each day. Sometimes a wealthy person would send a large amount of money,or a child would give a small amount received as a gift or for doing chores. Many timesfood, supplies or money came at the last minute, but God always provided withoutGeorge telling anyone about his needs. He just prayed and waited on God.

More than 10,000 children lived in the orphanage over the years. When each childbecame old enough to live on his own, George would pray with him and put a Bible in hisright hand and a coin in his left. He explained to the young person that if he held ontowhat was in his right hand, God would always make sure there was something in his lefthand as well.

It has been more than 165 years since George Mueller took in his first orphan. His visioncontinues today as Christians around the world are inspired by his faith to depend onGod to meet their needs and the needs of helpless children. You can see the story ofGeorge Mueller's life in a video called The Obstacle to Comfort.

Make It Real! Questions to make you dig a little deeper and think a littleharder.

Do you see any similarities between George Mueller's and the Apostle Paul's decisions tofollow Jesus? How did George change after he became a follower of Jesus?

What did Mueller mean when he told the orphans to "hold onto the Bible in your righthand"?Describe a time when God has answered your prayers and provided for you or yourfamily.

What resources do you have that you could use to help others who might be in need offood or shelter? HUDSON TAYLOR Faith missionary to China

Radical missionary

Taylor was born to James and Amelia Taylor, a Methodist couple fascinated with the FarEast who had prayed for their newborn, "Grant that he may work for you in China."Years later, a teenage Hudson experienced a spiritual birth during an intense time ofprayer as he lay stretched, as he later put, "before Him with unspeakable awe andunspeakable joy." He spent the next years in frantic preparation, learning the rudimentsof medicine, studying Mandarin, and immersing himself ever deeper into the Bible andprayer.

His ship arrived in Shanghai, one of five "treaty ports" China had opened to foreignersfollowing its first Opium War with England. Almost immediately Taylor made a radicaldecision (as least for Protestant missionaries of the day): he decided to dress in Chineseclothes and grow a pigtail (as Chinese men did). His fellow Protestants were eitherincredulous or critical.

Taylor, for his part, was not happy with most missionaries he saw: he believed theywere "worldly" and spent too much time with English businessmen and diplomats whoneeded their services as translators. Instead, Taylor wanted the Christian faith taken tothe interior of China. So within months of arriving, and the native language still achallenge, Taylor, along with Joseph Edkins, set off for the interior, setting sail down theHuangpu River distributing Chinese Bibles and tracts.

When the Chinese Evangelization Society, which had sponsored Taylor, proved incapableof paying its missionaries in 1857, Taylor resigned and became an independentmissionary; trusting God to meet his needs. The same year, he married Maria Dyer,daughter of missionaries stationed in China. He continued to pour himself into his work,and his small church in Ningpo grew to 21 members. But by 1861, he became seriouslyill (probably with hepatitis) and was forced to return to England to recover.

In England, the restless Taylor continued translating the Bible into Chinese (a work he'dbegun in China), studied to become a midwife, and recruited more missionaries.Troubled that people in England seemed to have little interest in China, he wrote China:Its Spiritual Need and Claims. In one passage, he scolded, "Can all the Christians inEngland sit still with folded arms while these multitudes [in China] are perishing—perishing for lack of knowledge—for lack of that knowledge which England possesses sorichly?"Taylor became convinced that a special organization was needed to evangelize theinterior of China. He made plans to recruit 24 missionaries: two for each of the 11unreached inland provinces and two for Mongolia. It was a visionary plan that wouldhave left veteran recruiters breathless: it would increase the number of Chinamissionaries by 25 percent.

Taylor himself was wracked with doubt: he worried about sending men and womenunprotected into the interior; at the same time, he despaired for the millions of Chinesewho were dying without the hope of the gospel. In 1865 he wrote in his diary, "For twoor three months, intense conflict … Thought I should lose my mind." A friend invited himto the south coast of England, to Brighton, for a break. And it was there, while walkingalong the beach, that Taylor's gloom lifted:

"There the Lord conquered my unbelief, and I surrendered myself to God for this service.I told him that all responsibility as to the issues and consequences must rest with him;that as his servant it was mine to obey and to follow him."

His new mission, which he called the China Inland Mission (CIM), had a number ofdistinctive features, including this: its missionaries would have no guaranteed salariesnor could they appeal for funds; they would simply trust God to supply their needs;furthermore, its missionaries would adopt Chinese dress and then press the gospel intothe China interior.

Within a year of his breakthrough, Taylor, his wife and four children, and 16 youngmissionaries sailed from London to join five others already in China working underTaylor's direction.

Strains in the organization

Taylor continued to make enormous demands upon himself (he saw more than 200patients daily when he first returned) and on CIM missionaries, some of whom balked.Lewis Nicol, who accused Taylor of tyranny, had to be dismissed. Some CIMmissionaries, in the wake of this and other controversies, left to join other missions, butin 1876, with 52 missionaries, CIM constituted one-fifth of the missionary force in China.

Because there continued to be so many Chinese to reach, Taylor instituted another

radical policy: he sent unmarried women into the interior, a move criticized by manyveterans. But Taylor's boldness knew no bounds. In 1881, he asked God for another 70missionaries by the close of 1884: he got 76. In late 1886, Taylor prayed for another100 within a year: by November 1887, he announced 102 candidates had been acceptedfor service.

His leadership style and high ideals created enormous strains between the London andChina councils of the CIM. London thought Taylor autocratic; Taylor said he was onlydoing what he thought was best for the work, and then demanded more commitmentfrom others: "China is not to be won for Christ by quiet, ease-loving men and women,"he wrote. "The stamp of men and women we need is such as will put Jesus, China, [and]souls first and foremost in everything and at every time—even life itself must besecondary."

Taylor's grueling work pace, both in China and abroad (to England, the United States,and Canada on speaking engagements and to recruit), was carried on despite Taylor'spoor health and bouts with depression. In 1900 it became too much, and he hadcomplete physical and mental breakdown. The personal cost of Taylor's vision was highon his family as well: his wife Maria died at age 33, and four of eight of their childrendied before they reached the age of 10. (Taylor eventually married Jennie Faulding, aCIM missionary.)

Between his work ethic and his absolute trust in God (despite never soliciting funds, hisCIM grew and prospered), he inspired thousands to forsake the comforts of the West tobring the Christian message to the vast and unknown interior of China. Though missionwork in China was interrupted by the communist takeover in 1949, the CIM continues tothis day under the name Overseas Missionary Fellowship (International). ERIC LIDDELL Greater than Gold

The crack of the starter gun echoed through the stadium on the hot Friday evening inJuly of 1924. Eric Liddell sprinted forward in his unusual running style, his head thrownback, his arms waving at his side, his feet barely touching the track as he ran. No one,not even Eric himself, thought he had a chance of winning the 400-meter race. But Ericwas determined to do his best. Eric Liddell was Scotland's fastest sprinter. He was theirhero. He had won every 100-meter race he had run since early in his running career. Hisquick speed earned him a spot on the 100-meter British Olympic team.

A Day of Rest: However, Eric Liddell had announced to his country that he could notrun in the Olympic 100-meter race because the finals were scheduled on a Sunday.Sunday was a day of worship and rest for Eric. He would not run even if he were hiscountry's only hope of winning an Olympic gold medal. This made the Scottish peoplevery upset with Eric. They wrote bad things about him in the newspaper. Some peopleeven called him a traitor. But Eric stood firm. He had never run on Sunday and neverwould, not even for an Olympic gold medal.

With very little time remaining before the Olympics began, Eric trained and qualified foranother race that was not scheduled on a Sunday. Eric knew his chance of winning the400-meter race was slim because two of the runners in this race had set world recordtimes. In addition, on the day of the race, Eric was assigned the worst lane. But a notein his pocket encouraged him. The team trainer had given it to him before he left hishotel room. It read, "He who honors Him, He (God) will honor." Liddell knew his decisionnot to run on Sunday honored God.

Going for the Gold: As Eric rounded the turn on the track where all the runners usuallycome together, he expected to see the world record holders ahead of him. But he wasthere alone. He threw his head back even more than usual and pumped his legs as fastas he could. Eric crossed the finish line first, winning the gold medal! He had also set anew world record! Eric received a hero's welcome when he returned home. Thenewspapers now tried to outdo each other praising him. But Lidell knew their praisewould not last long. He would soon announce his plan to stop running and go to China totell people about Jesus.

Off to China: Eric Liddell was born in China. His parents were missionaries there. Hespent his early childhood playing among the Chinese children. He spoke their languageperfectly. He knew God was calling him to return to China to help teach the Chinesepeople about Jesus. It was a dangerous time to return however. Japanese soldiers hadinvaded China and were treating the Chinese people badly. They killed many of them,burned their villages, and destroyed their crops. When Eric arrived in China, it was evenworse than he expected. It was not the land he had left many years before. The Chinese,whom he once played with, now did not want foreigners in their country.

Despite the difficulties Liddell stayed. He was sure God had called him to China. Hebegan teaching at a British-run Chinese college. He loved teaching the boys andchallenging them in sports. Life would not remain so simple for him though. Theconditions in China were growing worse by the day. The mission's board chairman askedEric to move to the area in which he had grown up. The people there needed comfortand hope in the midst of the Japanese devastation. Many Chinese people in this areaalso hated Christians. Missionaries were likely to be shot without question. Eric discussedit with his wife and though it was hard to leave, he knew he was the best person to go.

Eric Liddell worked long hours traveling in the war torn area preaching and tending thesick. Many times, he had to carry the injured to the hospital on his bike over rough roadswhile dodging gunfire. Sometimes it would take an entire day to get to the villagehospital. In the meantime, the Japanese were taking over more of the country and therewas talk that all foreigners would be locked up.

Captured, but not Stopped: The day quickly arrived when all foreigners were forced tomove into an overcrowded prison camp. They lived in very bad conditions. There was norunning water, the bathrooms did not work, and they were given only a small bowl ofsoup and bread at each meal. Eric made the best of it though. He knew they could bethere for a very long time. He set up church services, schooling for the children, sportingactivities, and helped take care of the sick. He became the most respected person in thecamp because of his good attitude.

However, after being in the camp for almost two years, Liddell became very sick. He hada stroke and was unable to walk. The man, who had helped so many, now could not helphimself. One morning Eric, the super athlete, who was now only 43, began to havetrouble breathing. A little girl, who had come to visit, ran to get help. When she returnedwith a friend of Eric's, he looked up at his friend and said, "It is surrender." Eric died thatsame day. It was later determined that he had a large brain tumor. The entire campmourned his death. When news reached Scotland a few months later, the entire countryalso mourned the death of their beloved athlete who died at such a young age.

Eric Liddell would not have ever imagined it, but his devotion to God and commitment tospread the story of Jesus did not end in that brutal prison camp. His life and testimony isremembered around the world. His story has touched the hearts of millions through amovie about him that won the Academy Award. It is called Chariots of Fire.

How Well Did You Read the Story?

Why didn't Eric Liddell want to run in the Olympic 100-meter race?

What did Eric find in his pocket on the day of the 400-meter race? How did it encouragehim?

Why did Liddell decide to stop running in races?

What kind of difficulties did Eric find in China?

What were the conditions like in the prison camp? What was Eric able to accomplishthere? GRAHAM STUART STAINES

Dr. Graham Stuart Staines (1941 – 22 January 1999) was an Australian Christianmissionary who along with his two sons Philip (aged 10) and Timothy (aged 6) wereburnt to death by a gang while sleeping in his station wagon at Manoharpur village inKeonjhar district in Orissa, India on January 22, 1999. In 2003, the Bajrang Dal activistDara Singh was convicted of leading the gang that murdered Staines and Singh is nowserving life in prison. Staines is considered a martyr by many Christians.

He had been working in Orissa among the tribal poor and especially with leprosy patientssince 1965. Hindu groups allege that he forcefully converted or lured many Hindus intoChristianity, but Staines' widow Gladys Staines denied these allegations. She continuedto live in India caring for leprosy patients until 2004 before going back to Australia. In2005 she was awarded the fourth highest civilian honour in India, Padma Shree, inrecognition for her work with leprosy patients in Orissa.

Life history: Dr. Graham Stuart Staines was born in 1941 at Palmwoods, Queensland,Australia. He visited India in 1965 for the first time and joined Evangelical MissionarySociety of Mayurbhanj (EMSM), working in this remote tribal area, with a long history ofmissionary activity. Staines took over the management of the Mission at Baripada in1983. He also played a role in the establishment of the Mayurbhanj Leprosy Home as aregistered society in 1982. He met Gladys June in 1981 while working for leprosypatients, and they married in 1983, and had worked together since then. They had threechildren, a daughter (Esther) and two sons (Philip and Timothy). Staines assisted intranslating a part of the Bible into the Ho language of India, including proofreading theentire New Testament manuscript, though his focus was on a ministry to lepers. Hespoke fluent Oriya and was very popular among the patients whom he used to help afterthey were cured. He used to teach how to make mats out of rope and basket fromSaboigrass and trees leaves.

Death and Reaction: On the night of 22 January 1999, Graham Staines had attended ajungle camp in Manoharpur, an annual gathering of Christians of the area for religiousand social discourse. The village is situated on the border of the tribal-dominatedMayurbhanj and Keonjhar districts of Orissa. He was on his way to Keonjhar with hissons, who had come back on holiday from their school at Ooty. They broke the journeyfor the camp, and spend the night in Manoharpur, sleeping in the vehicle because of thesevere cold. Gladys had stayed back in Baripada. According to reports, a mob of about50 people, armed with axes and other implements, attacked the vehicle while Stains andthe children were fast asleep and his station wagon where he was sleeping was set afireby the mob. Graham, Philip and Timothy Staines were burnt alive. Some villagers triedto rescue Staines and his sons, but were unsuccessful. They tried to escape, but the moballegedly prevented their attempt to escape.

Graham Staines and family: His murder was widely condemned by religious and civicleaders, politicians, and journalists. The US-based Human Rights Watch accused the thenIndian Government of failing to prevent violence against Christians, and of exploitingsectarian tensions for political ends. The organisation said attacks against Christiansincreased "significantly" since the "Hindu Nationalist" BJP came to power. The then PrimeMinister of India, Atal Behari Vajpayee, who was a leader of BJP, condemned the"ghastly attack" and called for swift action to catch the killers. Published reports statethat church leaders alleged the attacks were carried out at the behest of hardline Hinduorganisations while the Hindu hardliners accused Christian missionaries of forciblyconverting poor and low-caste Hindus and tribals. The convicted killer Dara Singh wastreated as a hero and reportedly was protected by some of the villagers. In an interviewwith Hindustan Times, one of the accused killers, Mahendra Hembram, told that "theywere provoked by the "corruption of tribal culture" by the missionaries, who theyclaimed fed villagers beef and gave women brassieres and sanitary towels."

In India: On his 24th birthday, on 18th January 1965, he arrived in India. As Grahamwalked the streets of Baripada in Orissa, his heart melted at the hapless plight of thepeople suffering from leprosy. He showed a deep commitment to God and men and hada clear missionary vision. He felt deep in his hart that it was his divine call andcommission to communicate the love of Christ to the untouchables of the community byserving them. He joined the Evangelical Missionary Society of Mayurbhanj in 1965 andstarted his work with leprosy patients. He learnt Oriya, Santhali and Ho, the languagesspoken by the local villagers and tribal people. As a matter of fact, even the Governmentauthorities banked on him for composing a song in the Santhali dialect, to popularize thepolio immunization drive among the tribes.

"The Lord God is always with me to guide me and help me to try to accomplishthe work of Graham, but I sometimes wonder why Graham was killed and alsowhat made his assassins to behave in such a brutal manner on the night of22nd/23rd January 1999. It is far from my mind to punish the persons whowere responsible for the death of my husband Graham and my two children.But it is my desire and hope that they would repent and would be reformed."

Supreme Court of India Judgement: A trial (sessions) court in Bhubaneshwar, the

capital of Orissa State, sentenced the convicted ring leader Dara Singh of the mob todeath by hanging for killing Staines and his two sons. In 2005, the Orissa High Courtcommuted the sentence to life imprisonment. The Supreme Court upheld the High Courtdecision on 21 January 2011.

“In the case on hand, though Graham Staines and his two minor sons were burnt todeath while they were sleeping inside a station wagon at Manoharpur, the intention wasto teach a lesson to Graham Staines about his religious activities, namely, convertingpoor tribals to Christianity,” the court said. The Court stated "Our concept of secularismis that the State will have no religion. The State shall treat all religions and religiousgroups equally and with equal respect without in any manner interfering with theirindividual right of religion, faith and worship." Yet, condemning religious conversions, theCourt also said "It is undisputed that there is no justification for interfering in someone`sbelief by way of `use of force`, provocation, conversion, incitement or upon a flawedpremise that one religion is better than the other".

Dismissing the Central Bureau of Investigation's plea for death penalty to Singh, a Benchof Mr Justice P Sathasivam and Mr Justice BS Chauhan endorsed Orissa High Court'sfinding that his crime did not fall under the rarest of rare category. In its 76-pagejudgement, the court came out strongly against the practice of conversion. However,four days later, on 25 January 2011, the Supreme Court of India in a rare moveexpunged its own comments with regards to conversions from its Verdict.

Glady Staines

During the month of June in 1981, while Graham was working with leprosy patients inBaripada, is a city in Mayurbhanj district in the state of Orissa, India, there was a tallbeautiful and soft-spoken lady who involved in a youth mission was headed to India aspart of a global youth mission, Gladis Weatherhead of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia aspart of the mission, come to Baripada and circumstantially met him. Graham marriedGladys in 1983, in Australia and returned to serve in India together and they workedtogether since then. Gladys, who was trained as a nurse, was an apt and suitable helperfor Graham at the Mayurbhanj Leprosy Home. This sacrificial couple made their home inan old house within the mission compound in Baripada and chose a very simple lifestyle.They had three children, a daughter, Esther Joy and two sons, Philip Graham andTimothy Harold. His family-life also stands as a shining example.

Dr.Graham Stuart Staines spent 34 years of his life serving the people with love,extending the grace of our Christ and had been working in Orissa among the tribal poorand especially with leprosy patients since 1965. After Graham’s alive, Gladys continuedto live in India caring for leprosy patients until 2004 before going back to Australia.Shortly after the sentencing of the killers, Gladys issued a statement saying that she hadforgiven the killers and had no bitterness towards them. In 2004, she decided to returnto Australia to stay with her daughter and father. She however said that she wouldcontinue to look after the people she and her husband had been looking after so far. In2005, she was awarded the Padma Sree, a civilian award from the Government of India,in recognition for her work with leprosy patients in Orissa, India.