"The total market for energy harvesting devices will rise to $2.6 billion in 2024."

Energy harvesting is the process by which ambient energy is captured and converted into electricity for small autonomous devices, such as satellites, laptops and nodes in sensor networks making them self-sufficient. Although energy harvesting applications reach from vehicles to the smart grid, the majority of the value this year is in consumer electronic applications, where energy harvesters have been used for some time.

Energy harvesting, otherwise known as power harvesting or energy scavenging includes photovoltaics, thermovoltaics, piezoelectrics and electrodynamics, among other options, which are now being used in a wide variety of applications. The technology has reached a tipping point, because the necessary lower power electronics and more efficient energy gathering and storage are now sufficiently affordable, reliable and longer lived for a huge number of applications to be practicable.

From wind-up laptops for Africa, wireless light switches working from the power of your finger and wireless sensors in oil fields monitoring equipment power by vibration - these are all in use now with many more applications emerging.

Market segments using Energy Harvesting

This report covers the following market segments with detailed ten year forecasts of each:

Energy harvesting by technology type

This year, most of the harvesters used in the above market segments are solar cells followed by electrodynamos, two relatively mature energy harvesting technologies. However, many new technologies are now taking some market share enabling power in areas not possible before. This includes thermoelectrics - generating power from heat - where organisations such as the Department of Energy in the US are working with BMW and GM to turn heat waste from engines and exhaust into power for the vehicle's electrical systems. NASA use thermoelectrics to power Mars rovers where they work without light, unlike solar cells. Piezoelectric energy harvesters are also of great interest due to their small form factor and high efficiency. In 2022, these four energy harvester types will have near similar market share for industrial sensing applications. However, even by then solar will continue to dominate for consumer applications.

For the first time, this unique report looks at the global situation. It covers the progress of more than 350 organizations in 22 countries and gives detailed case studies. Market forecasts are provided for everything from self-sufficient wristwatches to mobile phones that will never need a charger and light switches and controls that have no wiring and no batteries when fitted in buildings to wireless sensors power from the environment they are placed in.

However, there are further mountains to climb in order to achieve self-powered wireless sensors monitoring forest fires, pollution spillages and even inside the human body and in the concrete of buildings. These applications will become commonplace one day. Even devices with maintenance-free life of hundreds of years can now be envisaged. Meanwhile, bionic man containing maintenance free, self-powered devices for his lifetime is an objective for the next few years. IDTechEx find that the total market for energy harvesting devices, including everything from wristwatches to wireless sensors will rise to over $2.6 billion in 2024.

How do these things work? Which technologies have the most potential now and in the future? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Which countries have the most active programs and why? What are the leading universities, developers, manufacturers and other players up to? What alliances exist? What are the timelines for success? All these questions and more are answered in this report.

5.9. Conventional liquid-electrolyte-based DSSC, with a cell thickness of around 10 μm. b. Oxford Photovoltaics' solid-state DSSC, with a cell thickness of around 2 μm. A compact underlayer is required to prevent direct contact between

5.10. Solar bag incorporating DSSCs

5.11. Solar powered blind & shade system

5.12. The Logitech® Foli

5.13. Further products envisaged, incorporating DSSC

5.14. Energy harvesting and wireless switches in the build environment

8.63. PulseSwitch Systems makes piezoelectric wireless switches that do not need a battery

8.64. n-type Mg2SixSny produced by Romny give ZT of ~ 0.83 at 300 °C

8.65. Mg-Silicide ingots, hot pressed by Romny Scientific

8.66. Comparison of stability during cycling: Cycle type: heating up to 350°C within 30 minutes, cooling down to ambient within 90 minutes

8.67. DSSCs and their classification by use

8.68. DSSC manufacturing process

8.69. Solid state DSSCs by Oxford Photovoltaics

8.70. Seiko Thermic wristwatch

8.71. Knee-Mounted Device Generates Electricity While You Walk

8.72. SolarPrint Beta Power management solution

8.73. Power output vs. Lux Level for a-Si and DSSC

8.74. Light levels in a typical office

8.75. Tissot Autoquartz

8.76. The combined performance of the two dyes was greater than the sum of their individual performance levels. Because the dyes seemed to resonate together to produce an enhanced effect, Sony dubbed this method the "Concerto Effect"

8.77. Demonstrated at Eco Product 2010, the beautifully designed solar panel by SONY uses screen printing to generate custom designs according to the consumer's preferences

8.78. As an exploration of the graphical potential of solar cells produced through printing technology, these prototype panels are brightened by marigold designs

8.79. Heart harvester developed at Southampton University Hospital

8.80. Compromise between power density and energy density

8.81. Thin film batteries with supercapacitors were efficient for energy storage