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A.The cardinals’ food supplyThe cardinals’ food supply increased C. Dominant cardinal chicks were the first to be fed B. A disease of cardinals spread throughout the park. D. The population of cardinal predators increased Which hypothesis is best supported by this graph?

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A.The mutation is not presentThe mutation is not present in the parent animals. C. The mutation does not affect the expression of the color trait. B. The mutated gene is passed on during reproduction D. The mutated allele is dominant over the parental allele. The pictures above show a cow and a bull and their calf. All three have coats of the same colors. This calf developed from a zygote. During the development of the zygote, a mutation occurred in a coat color gene. Which of the following best explains why the calf’s phenotype is the same as its parents?

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Back to Board C. The mutation does not affect the expression of the color trait.

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A. coal C. wood B. The sun D. Fossil fuels Humans could make the environment much more sustainable if technology could derive most of the world’s energy supply from

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A.complex organic molecules cancomplex organic molecules can form spontaneously under conditions that probably existed on the early earth C. RNA can act as an enzyme and assemble new RNA molecules from RNA templates B. life evolved on earth from inanimate chemicals D. bacteria were the first type of living organism to appear on the earth Miller and Urey's experiments proved that

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Back to Board A. complex organic molecules can form spontaneously under conditions that probably existed on the early earth

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A.Population growth decreasesPopulation growth decreases as individual crabs get older. C. The introduction of a new predator is causing a decline in population growth of the crabs. B. Destruction of habitat is causing a decline in the population of the crabs. D. The population is stabilizing as it approaches carrying capacity. A growth curve for a population of crabs on a coral reef is shown above. Which statement best explains what is happening at point A ?

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Back to Board D. The population is stabilizing as it approaches carrying capacity.

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A.Predators on the main islandPredators on the main island can easily migrate to follow the populations to the other islands. C. The physical separation of the islands limits gene flow and interbreeding between the populations B. Lack of disease on the other islands enables the populations to grow and change without limit. D. The climatic conditions of the islands allow the populations to breed all year and produce several generations. On island chains like the one shown below, animal populations that spread from the main island to the other islands can evolve into separate species.

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Back to Board C. The physical separation of the islands limits gene flow and interbreeding between the populations

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A.isolate the virus responsibleisolate the virus responsible for smallpox C. produce a vaccine against rabies B. reject the theory of spontaneous generation. D. convince people to cover food The results of Pasteur’s experiment helped Pasteur to

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A.so that water can easilyso that water can easily be absorbed and carried to the rest of the plant C. so that sunlight can easily penetrate to the leaf’s photosynthetic tissues B. so that nutrients can easily enter the plant and be used for structure and support D. so that plants can easily find balance due to the symmetrical nature of their branches Why do leaves tend to be flat?

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Back to Board C. So that sunlight penetrate to the leaf’s photosynthetic tissues

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A. recombination D. transcription C. translation B. replication The diagram above represents the beginning and end products of a process that occurs in the nucleus of the cell. Which process does the diagram represent?

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Diagrams of a bent pinky finger and a straight pinky finger are shown above. The allele for having a bent pinky finger is dominant to the allele for having a straight pinky finger. If two people are both heterozygous for the trait of a bent finger, what is the percent probability that the child will have a straight pinky finger? A. 0 % C. 75% D. 100% B. 25%

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A.incomplete dominance ofincomplete dominance of either the red or the white allele. B. codominance of both the red and white alleles. D. crossing over of the two alleles during meiosis. C. dominance of the red allele over the white allele. When red-flowered snapdragons are crossed with white-flowered snapdragons, all of the offspring have pink flowers. When these pink-flowered snapdragons are crossed, one-fourth of the F2 offspring will have red flowers, one-fourth will have white flowers and one-half will have pink flowers. This pattern of inheritance is most likely due to