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from httnfs merchants magazine hebclirnue bioobaphy joseph hewes the parents of joseph ilewes were members of the society of friends and at the time of their marriage resided ( in the colony of connecticut in one of the settlements the farthest removed from the coast of the atlantic hi this situation they were obliged to bear the double per secution arising from the often excited hostility of thc indians who roved through the forests in their vicinity and the pre judice still remaining aniong the puritans 0f xew england against all that wore the quaker habiliments or professed the quaker doctrines tor persons of this persuasion and in deed for all that were ambitious of a qui et and secure life a residence either in connecticut or massachusetts was at that period far from desirable the government ol massachusetts had ai order to promote enterprise and en courage volunteers raised the premium on indian scalps and prisoners to one hun dred pounds for each ; and in the temper of mind which is sufficiently indicated by such an enactment a bitter and murder ous warfare was waged against the na tives ofthe forest attended with circum stances often discreditable to the human ity ofthe white man and with instances of reprisals and retaliation on thc part of the indian involving the most shocking barbarities the province of connecticut had refus ed to unite in any measures of war that were not defensive ; but the indians were not always careful to observe the bound ary line between the colonies or to dis criminate between people so closely re j sembling each oilier in manner and ap j pearance the inoffensive and industri ous farmers of connecticut were there fore exposed to sutler the vengeance in , tended to be dealt upon the scalping par ties of massachusetts and many of them moved off from the lands they had pre ! pared for cultivation to seek a more se ! cure asylum in a southern colony among these emigrants were a.aron and providence ilewes who made their escape from the scene of savage warfare not without diliiculty and imminent per . sonal risk ; so near indeed were they to the scene of danger that in crossing the housatonic river they were almost over taken by the indians and were within the i actual range of their bullets one of which , wounded providence in the neck they took uptheirabode near kingston in xew i jersey where ihey found a peaceful and , secure dwelling-place and where they re mained to the end of their lives their son joseph was born in the year lt.'ll and afier enjoying the advantages j of education common at that period in the immediate neighborhood of princeton col j leire he went to philadelphia to acquire a knowledge of commercial business he entered as soon as his term of apprentice ship in a counting house was closed into the bustle and activity of trade ; and a vaillng himself of the fortunate situation ol the colonies in respect to commerce and the great opportunities then offered j by the british hag particularly when us i ed to protect american ships he was soon < one ofthe large number ol thriving colo nial merchants whose very prosperity be came a lure to great britain and induced her to look to this country for a revenue mr ilewes did not remove to xorth carolina until he was nearly thirty years of age previous to which time he had been residing at xew york and philadel phia alternately with occasional and fre quent visits to his friends in xew jersey having made choice of edenton for ids future home he soon became distinguish ed in the community of that city for his successful career as a merchant his liber al hospitalities great probity and honor and his agreeable social qualities al though nearly a stranger in the state he was very shortly invited to take a seat in the colonial legislature of xorth carolina â€” an ollice to which he was repeatedly chosen and which he always filled with advantage to the people of that colony and with credit to himself when the british ministry had procee ded so far as to close the port of boston thus by a most decided and severe act evincing their fixed determination to pro ceed in their plan of taxing the colonies and the committees of correspondence in stituted lirst at boston and afterwards else where had proposed a meeting of depu ties to a general congress to be held at philadelphia mr ilewes was one of three citizens selected by north carolina to re present her in that assembly on the 1th of september in the year 1774 this first congress began their session ; and on the 14th of the same month mr hewes ar rived and took his seat immediately after the assembling of congress two important committees had heen appointed to whom in fact nearly all the business of the congress was en trusted the one wfis to " state the rights ofthe colonies in general thc several in stances in which those rights are violated nrtfi p a dat tnt a wt a t_ptt\t a n bruxer & james ) > " keep a check upon ai.i your editors 4 proprietors is sijr ( new series rulebs stsfas | number 3 of volume ii salisbury n c may 17 1815 or infringed and the means most proper to be pursued for obtaining a restoration of them the other was to examine and report the several statutes which af fect the trade and manufacture of the co lonies to the first of these committees mr hewes was added very soon after he took his seat and contributed his assist ance to the preparation of their report which was adopted ou the 14th of octo ber the non-importation agreement recom mended by this report and determined to be adopted was a very remarkable event in the annals of the revolution it could only have been thought of by men having the most perfect confidence in the integ rity and patriotism ofthe people without whose universal and strict resolution to maintain it such a measure would be pal pably unavailing a system of privation not enforced by any law nor guarded with any penal sanctions but resting entirely on the deep and general sense of wrongs indicted and ofthe necessity of a united effort to obtain redress â€” it evinced a stea dy resolution a sober patriotism and a generous sacrilice of selfish views to thc common good unequalled in the history ofthe world if any class of people more than thc rest were entitled to particular praise for the patriotic ardor which induced them to join in this combination it was unques tionably the mercantile part of the com munity who sacrificed not only many of the comforts and enjoyments of life but gave up also the very means of their sub sistence in relinquishing thc importing trade to which the had been accustomed to devote their capital and labor mr ilewes was a merchant and a successlul one he had been for more than twenty years engaged in the sale of merchandise imported chiefly from england and the british dependencies but he did not hes itate on this occasion to a^ist in the pre paration oflhe plan to vote for it and to affix his own name lo the eomp.act the association recited in the first place the injuries indicted on the colonies by the various acts of thejbritish government a gainst which the report ofthe committee had been directed and thendcclares that to obtain redress for these grievances^a non-importation non-consumption and non exportation agreement faithfully ad hered to would prove the most speedy ef fectual and peaceable measure such an agreement was then concluded lo the observance of which the associates were hound by the sacred ties of virtue honor and love of country it was re commended to the provincial conventions and to the committees in the respective colonies " to establish such farther regu lations as they may think proper for car rying into execution this association â€” congress after adopting an address to the people of great britain an address to the king and oue to the people of canada all distinguished by uncommon elegance and force of diction and liaving resolved that it was expedient to meet again in may of the succeeding year adjourned on the twenty-sixth of october and mr hewes returned to his home in north carolina in the ensuing spring a convention of that colony was held at newbern when mr hewes was elected a member ofthe continental congress about to assemble ; the general assembly approved of this choice and at thc same time resolved to adhere strictly to the non-importation a greement and to use what influence they possessed to induce the same observance in every province mr hewes attended accordingly at philadelphia wfien the new congress assembled in may and continued with them until their adjournment the last day of july the battle of lexington had occurred a few weeks before thc meeting of congress and the first business that came before them was the examination of the depositions of witnesses which at that period or at least on that occasion supplied the place of military reports of the killed wounded and missing as well as ofthe movements oflhe hostile forces the first resolution of the congress wus however notwithstanding the excitement naturally caused by the actual commence ment of war to present another loyal and dutiful address to the king ; at the same time now first glancing at the possibility of a separation in a recommendation to the provincial congress of xew york tc prepare vigorously for defence as it is very uncertain whether the earnest en deavors oflhe congress to accommodate the unhappy differences between greal britain and the colonies bv conciliator i measures will be successful the battle of bunker's hill and the ap pointment of a commander-in-chief of the army with a long list of major-generals and brigadiers in the succeeding month placed the true nature of the contest more distinctly in the view ofthe people of a merica and of the world the society of friends of which mr ilewes parents had been members as well as himself in his youth were now straining every nerve in an effort to prevent the revolutionary re publican and warlike doctrines of the times from gaining a reception among the quakers the society was numerous wealthy and respectable and their oppo sition was powerful and active in the beginning ofthe year 1775 they had held a general convention of the " people call ed quakers residing in pennsylvania and xew jersey and had put forth a " testi mony denouncing the congress and all its proceedings this however did not have any effect on mr hewes or if any not the effect intended he broke entire ly from communion with the quakers and became not only a promoter of war but a man of gaiety and worldly habits â€” even to the extent of being a frequent visiter of the ladies and partaking even with glee and animal ion of the pleasures of the dance iu which he is said at all times of his life after escaping from the restraints of his quaker education to have taken much delight in the recess of congress between july and september he did not return to north ; carolina but made a visit to his friends in xew jersey and was at hand when the ! next session was begun he was placed on i the committee of claims and that charged t with the fitting out of the armed vessels ; ordered to be built or equipped for con ; | gress â€” the germ ofthe united states na , vy ; and thus he became in effect and in the nature ofhis duties and responsibili ; ties the first secretary of her navy in i the commencement of the next year mr ilewes having attained great respect in , congress by his excellent qualities and habits of close attention to business was chosen a member of the secret committee a post of extreme diliiculty and great re sponsibility and requiring the closest ap plication it was within the recollection of some ofthe long surviving patriots ofthis peri od that hewes was remarkable for a de votedness to the business of this commit tee as complete as ever the industrious merchant was known to give his counting house after this time he was generally appointed on the most important commit . tees such as that to concert with general washington a plan of operations for the ensuing campaign ; the one entrusted with the difficult task of digesting a plan of confederation ; another charged with the superintendence ofthe treasury ; one rais ed for the purpose of inquiring into the causes ol the miscarriages in canada and several others of less moment mr ilewes was during this period a most active man of business the disbursements ofthe na val committee were under his especial charge and eight armed vessels were fit ted out with the funds placed at his dis posal he was attentive also to the con dition of north carolina then direfully distracted with civil wars and menaced also by the common enemy gunpowder and other munitions of war were sent by him at his own expense but re-imbursed afterwards by congress to supply the ex igencies of the republican troops in that port cf the country he had the satisfac tion of being present during all the debate on the question declaring independence and of voting in favor of the instant adop tion of that imperishable manifesto which has made the 4th of july a jubilee for this nation in voting on this side he acted in accordance with a resolution passed by the north carolina convention on the 22d of april preceding empowering the dele sates from that colony to " concur with those of the other colonies in declaring in dependency xorth carolina had thus the merit of " bcin the first one ofthe colonies which openly declared in favor of throwing off all connection with great britain a spi rited and manly determination which en titles the leading men of that state to dis tinguished praise mr hewes by his in defatigable exertions in the equipment of ' the naval armament as well as by the ! fearless constancy with which he had ad vocated independence had acquired to a [ very great degree the esteem and rc ! spect of the people whom he represen ted in the beginning of the year 1777 therefore he was again chosen a delegate with such powers us to make whatever he and his colleagues might do in con gress obligatory on every inhabitant of the state mr ilewes however did not accept this appointment he left to his colleagues the tour of duty in congress and devoted himself to his private affairs and to the benefit of his state at home during the greater part of that year and the whole of the next nor did he resume his seat un til the month of july 1779 he was at this time in very ill health his constitution had been totally broken down and he was able to give little more assistance to the public councils ofthe nation his end was rapidly approaching ; the last vote given by him in congress was on 29th ol october after which he was wholly con fined to his chamber until the 10th of no vember when he expired in thc fiftieth year of his age on the day ofhis death congress be ing informed of the event and of the in tention ol his friends to inter his remains on the following day resolved that they would attend the funeral with a crape round the left arm and continue in mourn ing for the space of one month that a committee should be appointed to super intend the ceremony the rev mr a\hite their chaplain should officiate on the oc casion and that invitations should be sent to the general assembly and the president and supreme executive council of penn sylvania thc minister plenipotentiary of france and other persons of distinction the funeral ceremonies were accord ingly conducted with all the pomp and display which the simple manners and so briety of temper then prevalent in phila delphia would admit a large concourse of people including all the distinguished personages civil and military witnessed the interment ofhis remains in the burial ground of christ church and the outward show of respect to his memory was not in this instance forced or insincere mr ilewes possessed a prepossessing figure and countenance with great ame nity of manners and an unblemished re putation for probity and honor he left a considerable fortune but no children to inherit it his death maybe called untimely when we reflect on the brighter prospects that soon after opened on the country to whose happiness he devoted himself with so much zeal prospects in which he would have found a cause of infinite gratitude and joy but in other respects his end was more seasonable than that ol some of his compatriots who lived to endure old age infirmity and want ; he was taken in the meridian of his usefulness but not before he had performed enough of service to this nation to entitle him to her enduring and grateful recollection â€¢ emigrants to oregon â€” the st louis a'ew era says that two companies were to leave independence or the oregon on the 20th of this month they numbered one thousand another point on the river there were 35 wagons ready to start and at st joseph's 220 wagons lieut fre mont was about to start on another ex ploring expedition beyond the mountains and one hundred and fifty young men were at independence engaged to go with him they were furnished with mules and e quipped for their journey the era says that the rush of emigrants beyond the rbcky mountains will be very great those who expect to join the company should repair to the frontier immediately the companies are very particular to preserve the character ofthe expedition no per son is permitted to join an emigrating un til he has undergone an examination and if he be a criminal a refugee from justice or a man of infamous character he is ex cluded a company of oregon emigrants left sangamon co iii on the 1st of april â€” they numbered forty-seven persons old and young â€” had sixteen wagons with ox team and quite a number of young cat tle and were said to be substantial far mers bible burning in this city â€” about two weeks ago an apprentice in the family of a german catholic basket maker in dc lancy street a few doors from ludlow str was deprived of three bibles one after another which vere cast into the fire â€” the last one was rescued from destruction l,v a stranger who happened to witness the sacrilege this is a fact americans are vou prepared to give up your bibles to the flames i â€” perchance your mothers bibles .' shall these things be tamely tol erated for thc interest of politicians .' new york paper when a man despises and detests his fellow creatures he necessarily assumes that he is much better than the rest of the . world from tbe new y ork express ] tue xayy of the u states 6c england england is turning her attention to her marine and other improvement of her ves sels by all the appliances of skill and science and to the promotion ami encour agement of her sailors by recounting and adorning all the glories of her naval tri umphs the lords ot the admiralty are making experiments in the construction and management of vessels and for the improvement of the docks and arsenals in short england with a jealousy of eve ry powerful nation and an especial jeal ousy of the united slates and france â€” but not so much against the united states on account ot the number of our vessels as their beautiful models â€” is turning her attention thoroughly to the improvement of her marine there are no bills passed wilh so much reluctance in an american congress as those which make provision for the de fences of the country just the reverse is true in england france and every in europe it is not in the spirit of our institutions lo keep up showy establish ments upon ocean or land but we ought to remember or at least they who are more belligerent than we are that war is not to be carried on without the necessary means to prosecute it money may be sinews of war but with appropriating it to the means of defence it is of but little value we say this with particular refer ence to the congress not long since ad journed we saw there a body of men the majority of whom from the tenor of their high sounding speeches one might suppose to be descended from mars or jove or some oilier great deity xot cae sar alexander hannibal buonaparte or all the great gods of war since thc world began were so full of war as the domi nant parly in congress and yet these blus terers failed to make even the usual ap propriations for thc defence of the coun try loco focoism is equally brave now â€” brave enough indeed to breakfast upon brazil dine upon john bull sup un/m mexico and sleep upon victory and what are the means left by the loco foco wisdom of congress to accomplish these agreeable pastimes ? two years since congress we believe by a solemn enact ment authorised thc sale of the rubbish in our navy yards to aid in the equip ment of some of our public vessels since then as before then in no one instance have the recommendations of the head of the navy department been acquiesced in by congress great britain has fifty-four steam vessels in commission and the uni ted states have four and but one or two of these are in good condition great britain has forty-six vessels buildiitg and in ordinary and we have about one-fourth as many thirty thousand horse power i.s the steam force of great britain and ours combined is not much above that of the tea-kettles in the kitchens of x york the naval force of great britain has gone up since 1835â€”36 from 26,500 to 36,000 men and 1,000 in addition have just been asked and granted by parliament ( ur secretary of the navy mr mason en treated congress for nine millions and nearly a half and got six millions three hundred and fifty thousand dollars while lhe organ of the naval service in the house of commons asks that 36,000 may be made 40.000 and his request is grant ed in a single session now then com pare the navy list of great britain with ur own we have all told about seven ty vessels aud some of them as worthless is a bottomless tub england has 20 three leek ships 58 of two decks of from tf to 0 guns 74 frigates 8 corvettes 65 sloops 13 brigs 14 surveying vessels and three yachts this is the actual force but in addition most of the merchant steamers employed in great britain are so constructed that ihey could easily be made available to the government for harbor or other defence in case of actual invasion the wages of seamen in england is less than is paid in lhe united states and yet for wages alone more is expended than upon every part and parcel of our navy an equal a mount too more than a million and a quarter sterling has just been^ppropri ated for the construction for and repair of the ships of the british navy in seven vears great britain has expended forty five millions of pounds upon the navy and since the peace two hundred millions the appropriations for the british navy the present year will be 0.900,000 ! more sovereigns upon the english than dollars upon our own il we should make a comparison with france,though not so unfavorabie.it would be altogether against us there arc about one hundred steam vessels which may at any moment be armed there are four frigates and one sloop of 20 tins twenty live smaller steam vessels of 6 guns each and more than ihis number of from 4 to 0 guns of seventeen trans-atlantic steam ships thiriteen may be used as corvettes while we take no pleasure in making these comparisons we do not reeret that the facts are as we state ihem we should be verv sorry to see an american xavv of forty thousand men put on board of two hundred and fifty sail of vessels and all equipped at an annual expense of from thirty to forty millions of dollars we have no ambition for any such folly no more than we have to go to war or to prate about war or to use threatening language where mil 1 words and pacific negotiations will accomplish a great ileal more but if there is a war party in pow er determined to do a well as to say it becomes them to bluster less and act more those who arc determined upon lhe hist resort should count the loss of life and of property and remember ihat with two great nations it is the same in war as in peace you may negotiate before going to war for the settlement of any princi ple at issue between nations and you must do it afterwards xo principle is settled by war alone a glance at our home de partment if we consider lhe individual wise an.l pru dent who even when now and then pauses in his career to examine his social worldly an i moral condition and to use a mercantile phrase take a stock account"1 of his business capital his social propensities and his moral habits ii must be equally proper in a nalion to take oc casional views of its position in order that it may improve hitherto ifeglccted advantages remedy errors and deficiencies eradicate lie wrong which may unnoticed have crept into its policy and lend a helping hand to the spontan eous good which may he struggling inn exis tence a few words then a to our national pasitioii in these respects one peculiar advantage in cur position as a nation is the vast extent ofour hitherto unculti vated soil and the generous return which a very large portion ofour land when cultivated makes to the industry and the skill of the cultivator with respect to bread stuffs it i evident that the amount of their produce will he bounded by the demand for home consumption and for such additional quantity as can be disposed of ad vantageously to other countries we on an average raise at least an adequate amount for ihese purpose no mute land therefore is wanted lor their growth at present of col imi rice and tobacco we probably raise as much as we need for home consumption and can dispose of abroad the same may le aid of land cultivate i for ami other winter food for cattle ot pasture land for cattle and ot land for gardens orchards and nurseries the demand both at home and abroad for our sugar i increasing and probabb will increase but lhe land adapted to the growth ol the su gar cane is found only within a limited portion of the union wo have imported annually of ii uiji upon an average offive years 3,400 ton at a cost ol 8483 000 ; and we have uri:i;_r tli ' same period impurted in annual amouqj ol 1,350,000 ofarti lea manufactured from hemp much of which we might produce at home an 1 thus bring into profitable cultivation considera ble tracts of unimproved land by the growth ol the raw material tie une to a considera ble extent may be said of fiai and silk and wool attention the manufacture of which would increase the demand for the raw material and cause the employment oi more land in the pro duction of them there are v great number of valuable pro ducts which we have hitherto not attended to for which we pay large amounts annually which we might raise from our own soil not only lor 1i-;ik consumption but h.r exportation and thus encourage domestic industry and skill and de velop th resources of our country dyer's madder i one of these articles â€” our printed documents give ns no information respecting the amount ol madder which i im ported mr ellsworth estimates the am nut â€¢â€¢ at ."> ono tons which at the low price of ten cents per pound makes the sum ot one million of dolhus paid anouallj to foreign countries for an article that can be produced as good and cheap at home sec page hi ol lint last patent office report an acre of land will produce from 2,000 to 3,000 pounds weight of madder thus employment might be given for four thou uul acres of our uncultivated territo ry and ior a luge am unt ofour labor and cap ital even to supply our home consumption indigo ia another article which might bead vantagaously cultivated our annual import tion are about 530 tons costing marly s 1,000 000 mr eli_swobtji s:i-n " indigo wa for merly an article of export from the u states and adds that " it i a crop to which tie atten tion ot portions of tie southern country may ret he profitably directed as it formerly wa from the over-production of cotton 1 here i no doubt that wood sumach and other plants used as mordants and dyes might be success fully and profitably cultivated in various parts of the united states we have seen it stated that the " rtpe seed of the ol.ru plant burnt and used as coffee cannot he distinguished there from and that many persons of the most fastidi ous tastes have not been a to distinguish it from the best java now if there be even anv approximation lo this assertion we have aa abundant bource ot employment formochof our uncultivated md lor our annual importa tion of colfee is more than one hundred and ten millions of pounds weight coating us from eight millions to ten millions of dullars the okra plant i very easily cultivated and i adapted to the oil and climate ot a great portion ofthe inion we will mention only one other subject in connexion with this branch of our inquiry and that is the introduction of the alpaca or tmi rian sheep into the mountains and highlands ot virginia north and south carolina and oeor qia this subject has be already discussed in the american farmer and alluded to in mr elxswokth's report and appears to be very deserving of our attention the wool ol the alpaca enters largely intobntiah manutacturrs

from httnfs merchants magazine hebclirnue bioobaphy joseph hewes the parents of joseph ilewes were members of the society of friends and at the time of their marriage resided ( in the colony of connecticut in one of the settlements the farthest removed from the coast of the atlantic hi this situation they were obliged to bear the double per secution arising from the often excited hostility of thc indians who roved through the forests in their vicinity and the pre judice still remaining aniong the puritans 0f xew england against all that wore the quaker habiliments or professed the quaker doctrines tor persons of this persuasion and in deed for all that were ambitious of a qui et and secure life a residence either in connecticut or massachusetts was at that period far from desirable the government ol massachusetts had ai order to promote enterprise and en courage volunteers raised the premium on indian scalps and prisoners to one hun dred pounds for each ; and in the temper of mind which is sufficiently indicated by such an enactment a bitter and murder ous warfare was waged against the na tives ofthe forest attended with circum stances often discreditable to the human ity ofthe white man and with instances of reprisals and retaliation on thc part of the indian involving the most shocking barbarities the province of connecticut had refus ed to unite in any measures of war that were not defensive ; but the indians were not always careful to observe the bound ary line between the colonies or to dis criminate between people so closely re j sembling each oilier in manner and ap j pearance the inoffensive and industri ous farmers of connecticut were there fore exposed to sutler the vengeance in , tended to be dealt upon the scalping par ties of massachusetts and many of them moved off from the lands they had pre ! pared for cultivation to seek a more se ! cure asylum in a southern colony among these emigrants were a.aron and providence ilewes who made their escape from the scene of savage warfare not without diliiculty and imminent per . sonal risk ; so near indeed were they to the scene of danger that in crossing the housatonic river they were almost over taken by the indians and were within the i actual range of their bullets one of which , wounded providence in the neck they took uptheirabode near kingston in xew i jersey where ihey found a peaceful and , secure dwelling-place and where they re mained to the end of their lives their son joseph was born in the year lt.'ll and afier enjoying the advantages j of education common at that period in the immediate neighborhood of princeton col j leire he went to philadelphia to acquire a knowledge of commercial business he entered as soon as his term of apprentice ship in a counting house was closed into the bustle and activity of trade ; and a vaillng himself of the fortunate situation ol the colonies in respect to commerce and the great opportunities then offered j by the british hag particularly when us i ed to protect american ships he was soon < one ofthe large number ol thriving colo nial merchants whose very prosperity be came a lure to great britain and induced her to look to this country for a revenue mr ilewes did not remove to xorth carolina until he was nearly thirty years of age previous to which time he had been residing at xew york and philadel phia alternately with occasional and fre quent visits to his friends in xew jersey having made choice of edenton for ids future home he soon became distinguish ed in the community of that city for his successful career as a merchant his liber al hospitalities great probity and honor and his agreeable social qualities al though nearly a stranger in the state he was very shortly invited to take a seat in the colonial legislature of xorth carolina â€” an ollice to which he was repeatedly chosen and which he always filled with advantage to the people of that colony and with credit to himself when the british ministry had procee ded so far as to close the port of boston thus by a most decided and severe act evincing their fixed determination to pro ceed in their plan of taxing the colonies and the committees of correspondence in stituted lirst at boston and afterwards else where had proposed a meeting of depu ties to a general congress to be held at philadelphia mr ilewes was one of three citizens selected by north carolina to re present her in that assembly on the 1th of september in the year 1774 this first congress began their session ; and on the 14th of the same month mr hewes ar rived and took his seat immediately after the assembling of congress two important committees had heen appointed to whom in fact nearly all the business of the congress was en trusted the one wfis to " state the rights ofthe colonies in general thc several in stances in which those rights are violated nrtfi p a dat tnt a wt a t_ptt\t a n bruxer & james ) > " keep a check upon ai.i your editors 4 proprietors is sijr ( new series rulebs stsfas | number 3 of volume ii salisbury n c may 17 1815 or infringed and the means most proper to be pursued for obtaining a restoration of them the other was to examine and report the several statutes which af fect the trade and manufacture of the co lonies to the first of these committees mr hewes was added very soon after he took his seat and contributed his assist ance to the preparation of their report which was adopted ou the 14th of octo ber the non-importation agreement recom mended by this report and determined to be adopted was a very remarkable event in the annals of the revolution it could only have been thought of by men having the most perfect confidence in the integ rity and patriotism ofthe people without whose universal and strict resolution to maintain it such a measure would be pal pably unavailing a system of privation not enforced by any law nor guarded with any penal sanctions but resting entirely on the deep and general sense of wrongs indicted and ofthe necessity of a united effort to obtain redress â€” it evinced a stea dy resolution a sober patriotism and a generous sacrilice of selfish views to thc common good unequalled in the history ofthe world if any class of people more than thc rest were entitled to particular praise for the patriotic ardor which induced them to join in this combination it was unques tionably the mercantile part of the com munity who sacrificed not only many of the comforts and enjoyments of life but gave up also the very means of their sub sistence in relinquishing thc importing trade to which the had been accustomed to devote their capital and labor mr ilewes was a merchant and a successlul one he had been for more than twenty years engaged in the sale of merchandise imported chiefly from england and the british dependencies but he did not hes itate on this occasion to a^ist in the pre paration oflhe plan to vote for it and to affix his own name lo the eomp.act the association recited in the first place the injuries indicted on the colonies by the various acts of thejbritish government a gainst which the report ofthe committee had been directed and thendcclares that to obtain redress for these grievances^a non-importation non-consumption and non exportation agreement faithfully ad hered to would prove the most speedy ef fectual and peaceable measure such an agreement was then concluded lo the observance of which the associates were hound by the sacred ties of virtue honor and love of country it was re commended to the provincial conventions and to the committees in the respective colonies " to establish such farther regu lations as they may think proper for car rying into execution this association â€” congress after adopting an address to the people of great britain an address to the king and oue to the people of canada all distinguished by uncommon elegance and force of diction and liaving resolved that it was expedient to meet again in may of the succeeding year adjourned on the twenty-sixth of october and mr hewes returned to his home in north carolina in the ensuing spring a convention of that colony was held at newbern when mr hewes was elected a member ofthe continental congress about to assemble ; the general assembly approved of this choice and at thc same time resolved to adhere strictly to the non-importation a greement and to use what influence they possessed to induce the same observance in every province mr hewes attended accordingly at philadelphia wfien the new congress assembled in may and continued with them until their adjournment the last day of july the battle of lexington had occurred a few weeks before thc meeting of congress and the first business that came before them was the examination of the depositions of witnesses which at that period or at least on that occasion supplied the place of military reports of the killed wounded and missing as well as ofthe movements oflhe hostile forces the first resolution of the congress wus however notwithstanding the excitement naturally caused by the actual commence ment of war to present another loyal and dutiful address to the king ; at the same time now first glancing at the possibility of a separation in a recommendation to the provincial congress of xew york tc prepare vigorously for defence as it is very uncertain whether the earnest en deavors oflhe congress to accommodate the unhappy differences between greal britain and the colonies bv conciliator i measures will be successful the battle of bunker's hill and the ap pointment of a commander-in-chief of the army with a long list of major-generals and brigadiers in the succeeding month placed the true nature of the contest more distinctly in the view ofthe people of a merica and of the world the society of friends of which mr ilewes parents had been members as well as himself in his youth were now straining every nerve in an effort to prevent the revolutionary re publican and warlike doctrines of the times from gaining a reception among the quakers the society was numerous wealthy and respectable and their oppo sition was powerful and active in the beginning ofthe year 1775 they had held a general convention of the " people call ed quakers residing in pennsylvania and xew jersey and had put forth a " testi mony denouncing the congress and all its proceedings this however did not have any effect on mr hewes or if any not the effect intended he broke entire ly from communion with the quakers and became not only a promoter of war but a man of gaiety and worldly habits â€” even to the extent of being a frequent visiter of the ladies and partaking even with glee and animal ion of the pleasures of the dance iu which he is said at all times of his life after escaping from the restraints of his quaker education to have taken much delight in the recess of congress between july and september he did not return to north ; carolina but made a visit to his friends in xew jersey and was at hand when the ! next session was begun he was placed on i the committee of claims and that charged t with the fitting out of the armed vessels ; ordered to be built or equipped for con ; | gress â€” the germ ofthe united states na , vy ; and thus he became in effect and in the nature ofhis duties and responsibili ; ties the first secretary of her navy in i the commencement of the next year mr ilewes having attained great respect in , congress by his excellent qualities and habits of close attention to business was chosen a member of the secret committee a post of extreme diliiculty and great re sponsibility and requiring the closest ap plication it was within the recollection of some ofthe long surviving patriots ofthis peri od that hewes was remarkable for a de votedness to the business of this commit tee as complete as ever the industrious merchant was known to give his counting house after this time he was generally appointed on the most important commit . tees such as that to concert with general washington a plan of operations for the ensuing campaign ; the one entrusted with the difficult task of digesting a plan of confederation ; another charged with the superintendence ofthe treasury ; one rais ed for the purpose of inquiring into the causes ol the miscarriages in canada and several others of less moment mr ilewes was during this period a most active man of business the disbursements ofthe na val committee were under his especial charge and eight armed vessels were fit ted out with the funds placed at his dis posal he was attentive also to the con dition of north carolina then direfully distracted with civil wars and menaced also by the common enemy gunpowder and other munitions of war were sent by him at his own expense but re-imbursed afterwards by congress to supply the ex igencies of the republican troops in that port cf the country he had the satisfac tion of being present during all the debate on the question declaring independence and of voting in favor of the instant adop tion of that imperishable manifesto which has made the 4th of july a jubilee for this nation in voting on this side he acted in accordance with a resolution passed by the north carolina convention on the 22d of april preceding empowering the dele sates from that colony to " concur with those of the other colonies in declaring in dependency xorth carolina had thus the merit of " bcin the first one ofthe colonies which openly declared in favor of throwing off all connection with great britain a spi rited and manly determination which en titles the leading men of that state to dis tinguished praise mr hewes by his in defatigable exertions in the equipment of ' the naval armament as well as by the ! fearless constancy with which he had ad vocated independence had acquired to a [ very great degree the esteem and rc ! spect of the people whom he represen ted in the beginning of the year 1777 therefore he was again chosen a delegate with such powers us to make whatever he and his colleagues might do in con gress obligatory on every inhabitant of the state mr ilewes however did not accept this appointment he left to his colleagues the tour of duty in congress and devoted himself to his private affairs and to the benefit of his state at home during the greater part of that year and the whole of the next nor did he resume his seat un til the month of july 1779 he was at this time in very ill health his constitution had been totally broken down and he was able to give little more assistance to the public councils ofthe nation his end was rapidly approaching ; the last vote given by him in congress was on 29th ol october after which he was wholly con fined to his chamber until the 10th of no vember when he expired in thc fiftieth year of his age on the day ofhis death congress be ing informed of the event and of the in tention ol his friends to inter his remains on the following day resolved that they would attend the funeral with a crape round the left arm and continue in mourn ing for the space of one month that a committee should be appointed to super intend the ceremony the rev mr a\hite their chaplain should officiate on the oc casion and that invitations should be sent to the general assembly and the president and supreme executive council of penn sylvania thc minister plenipotentiary of france and other persons of distinction the funeral ceremonies were accord ingly conducted with all the pomp and display which the simple manners and so briety of temper then prevalent in phila delphia would admit a large concourse of people including all the distinguished personages civil and military witnessed the interment ofhis remains in the burial ground of christ church and the outward show of respect to his memory was not in this instance forced or insincere mr ilewes possessed a prepossessing figure and countenance with great ame nity of manners and an unblemished re putation for probity and honor he left a considerable fortune but no children to inherit it his death maybe called untimely when we reflect on the brighter prospects that soon after opened on the country to whose happiness he devoted himself with so much zeal prospects in which he would have found a cause of infinite gratitude and joy but in other respects his end was more seasonable than that ol some of his compatriots who lived to endure old age infirmity and want ; he was taken in the meridian of his usefulness but not before he had performed enough of service to this nation to entitle him to her enduring and grateful recollection â€¢ emigrants to oregon â€” the st louis a'ew era says that two companies were to leave independence or the oregon on the 20th of this month they numbered one thousand another point on the river there were 35 wagons ready to start and at st joseph's 220 wagons lieut fre mont was about to start on another ex ploring expedition beyond the mountains and one hundred and fifty young men were at independence engaged to go with him they were furnished with mules and e quipped for their journey the era says that the rush of emigrants beyond the rbcky mountains will be very great those who expect to join the company should repair to the frontier immediately the companies are very particular to preserve the character ofthe expedition no per son is permitted to join an emigrating un til he has undergone an examination and if he be a criminal a refugee from justice or a man of infamous character he is ex cluded a company of oregon emigrants left sangamon co iii on the 1st of april â€” they numbered forty-seven persons old and young â€” had sixteen wagons with ox team and quite a number of young cat tle and were said to be substantial far mers bible burning in this city â€” about two weeks ago an apprentice in the family of a german catholic basket maker in dc lancy street a few doors from ludlow str was deprived of three bibles one after another which vere cast into the fire â€” the last one was rescued from destruction l,v a stranger who happened to witness the sacrilege this is a fact americans are vou prepared to give up your bibles to the flames i â€” perchance your mothers bibles .' shall these things be tamely tol erated for thc interest of politicians .' new york paper when a man despises and detests his fellow creatures he necessarily assumes that he is much better than the rest of the . world from tbe new y ork express ] tue xayy of the u states 6c england england is turning her attention to her marine and other improvement of her ves sels by all the appliances of skill and science and to the promotion ami encour agement of her sailors by recounting and adorning all the glories of her naval tri umphs the lords ot the admiralty are making experiments in the construction and management of vessels and for the improvement of the docks and arsenals in short england with a jealousy of eve ry powerful nation and an especial jeal ousy of the united slates and france â€” but not so much against the united states on account ot the number of our vessels as their beautiful models â€” is turning her attention thoroughly to the improvement of her marine there are no bills passed wilh so much reluctance in an american congress as those which make provision for the de fences of the country just the reverse is true in england france and every in europe it is not in the spirit of our institutions lo keep up showy establish ments upon ocean or land but we ought to remember or at least they who are more belligerent than we are that war is not to be carried on without the necessary means to prosecute it money may be sinews of war but with appropriating it to the means of defence it is of but little value we say this with particular refer ence to the congress not long since ad journed we saw there a body of men the majority of whom from the tenor of their high sounding speeches one might suppose to be descended from mars or jove or some oilier great deity xot cae sar alexander hannibal buonaparte or all the great gods of war since thc world began were so full of war as the domi nant parly in congress and yet these blus terers failed to make even the usual ap propriations for thc defence of the coun try loco focoism is equally brave now â€” brave enough indeed to breakfast upon brazil dine upon john bull sup un/m mexico and sleep upon victory and what are the means left by the loco foco wisdom of congress to accomplish these agreeable pastimes ? two years since congress we believe by a solemn enact ment authorised thc sale of the rubbish in our navy yards to aid in the equip ment of some of our public vessels since then as before then in no one instance have the recommendations of the head of the navy department been acquiesced in by congress great britain has fifty-four steam vessels in commission and the uni ted states have four and but one or two of these are in good condition great britain has forty-six vessels buildiitg and in ordinary and we have about one-fourth as many thirty thousand horse power i.s the steam force of great britain and ours combined is not much above that of the tea-kettles in the kitchens of x york the naval force of great britain has gone up since 1835â€”36 from 26,500 to 36,000 men and 1,000 in addition have just been asked and granted by parliament ( ur secretary of the navy mr mason en treated congress for nine millions and nearly a half and got six millions three hundred and fifty thousand dollars while lhe organ of the naval service in the house of commons asks that 36,000 may be made 40.000 and his request is grant ed in a single session now then com pare the navy list of great britain with ur own we have all told about seven ty vessels aud some of them as worthless is a bottomless tub england has 20 three leek ships 58 of two decks of from tf to 0 guns 74 frigates 8 corvettes 65 sloops 13 brigs 14 surveying vessels and three yachts this is the actual force but in addition most of the merchant steamers employed in great britain are so constructed that ihey could easily be made available to the government for harbor or other defence in case of actual invasion the wages of seamen in england is less than is paid in lhe united states and yet for wages alone more is expended than upon every part and parcel of our navy an equal a mount too more than a million and a quarter sterling has just been^ppropri ated for the construction for and repair of the ships of the british navy in seven vears great britain has expended forty five millions of pounds upon the navy and since the peace two hundred millions the appropriations for the british navy the present year will be 0.900,000 ! more sovereigns upon the english than dollars upon our own il we should make a comparison with france,though not so unfavorabie.it would be altogether against us there arc about one hundred steam vessels which may at any moment be armed there are four frigates and one sloop of 20 tins twenty live smaller steam vessels of 6 guns each and more than ihis number of from 4 to 0 guns of seventeen trans-atlantic steam ships thiriteen may be used as corvettes while we take no pleasure in making these comparisons we do not reeret that the facts are as we state ihem we should be verv sorry to see an american xavv of forty thousand men put on board of two hundred and fifty sail of vessels and all equipped at an annual expense of from thirty to forty millions of dollars we have no ambition for any such folly no more than we have to go to war or to prate about war or to use threatening language where mil 1 words and pacific negotiations will accomplish a great ileal more but if there is a war party in pow er determined to do a well as to say it becomes them to bluster less and act more those who arc determined upon lhe hist resort should count the loss of life and of property and remember ihat with two great nations it is the same in war as in peace you may negotiate before going to war for the settlement of any princi ple at issue between nations and you must do it afterwards xo principle is settled by war alone a glance at our home de partment if we consider lhe individual wise an.l pru dent who even when now and then pauses in his career to examine his social worldly an i moral condition and to use a mercantile phrase take a stock account"1 of his business capital his social propensities and his moral habits ii must be equally proper in a nalion to take oc casional views of its position in order that it may improve hitherto ifeglccted advantages remedy errors and deficiencies eradicate lie wrong which may unnoticed have crept into its policy and lend a helping hand to the spontan eous good which may he struggling inn exis tence a few words then a to our national pasitioii in these respects one peculiar advantage in cur position as a nation is the vast extent ofour hitherto unculti vated soil and the generous return which a very large portion ofour land when cultivated makes to the industry and the skill of the cultivator with respect to bread stuffs it i evident that the amount of their produce will he bounded by the demand for home consumption and for such additional quantity as can be disposed of ad vantageously to other countries we on an average raise at least an adequate amount for ihese purpose no mute land therefore is wanted lor their growth at present of col imi rice and tobacco we probably raise as much as we need for home consumption and can dispose of abroad the same may le aid of land cultivate i for ami other winter food for cattle ot pasture land for cattle and ot land for gardens orchards and nurseries the demand both at home and abroad for our sugar i increasing and probabb will increase but lhe land adapted to the growth ol the su gar cane is found only within a limited portion of the union wo have imported annually of ii uiji upon an average offive years 3,400 ton at a cost ol 8483 000 ; and we have uri:i;_r tli ' same period impurted in annual amouqj ol 1,350,000 ofarti lea manufactured from hemp much of which we might produce at home an 1 thus bring into profitable cultivation considera ble tracts of unimproved land by the growth ol the raw material tie une to a considera ble extent may be said of fiai and silk and wool attention the manufacture of which would increase the demand for the raw material and cause the employment oi more land in the pro duction of them there are v great number of valuable pro ducts which we have hitherto not attended to for which we pay large amounts annually which we might raise from our own soil not only lor 1i-;ik consumption but h.r exportation and thus encourage domestic industry and skill and de velop th resources of our country dyer's madder i one of these articles â€” our printed documents give ns no information respecting the amount ol madder which i im ported mr ellsworth estimates the am nut â€¢â€¢ at ."> ono tons which at the low price of ten cents per pound makes the sum ot one million of dolhus paid anouallj to foreign countries for an article that can be produced as good and cheap at home sec page hi ol lint last patent office report an acre of land will produce from 2,000 to 3,000 pounds weight of madder thus employment might be given for four thou uul acres of our uncultivated territo ry and ior a luge am unt ofour labor and cap ital even to supply our home consumption indigo ia another article which might bead vantagaously cultivated our annual import tion are about 530 tons costing marly s 1,000 000 mr eli_swobtji s:i-n " indigo wa for merly an article of export from the u states and adds that " it i a crop to which tie atten tion ot portions of tie southern country may ret he profitably directed as it formerly wa from the over-production of cotton 1 here i no doubt that wood sumach and other plants used as mordants and dyes might be success fully and profitably cultivated in various parts of the united states we have seen it stated that the " rtpe seed of the ol.ru plant burnt and used as coffee cannot he distinguished there from and that many persons of the most fastidi ous tastes have not been a to distinguish it from the best java now if there be even anv approximation lo this assertion we have aa abundant bource ot employment formochof our uncultivated md lor our annual importa tion of colfee is more than one hundred and ten millions of pounds weight coating us from eight millions to ten millions of dullars the okra plant i very easily cultivated and i adapted to the oil and climate ot a great portion ofthe inion we will mention only one other subject in connexion with this branch of our inquiry and that is the introduction of the alpaca or tmi rian sheep into the mountains and highlands ot virginia north and south carolina and oeor qia this subject has be already discussed in the american farmer and alluded to in mr elxswokth's report and appears to be very deserving of our attention the wool ol the alpaca enters largely intobntiah manutacturrs