Yoga Nidra and Creativity

Dr Swami Nirmalananda Saraswati

Creativity is a commonly used word. Mostly we limit its use to express
an ability to create something very beautiful and artistic or to imagine
vividly. No scientist, philosopher or expert has been able to define creativity
accurately. As a result we have many definitions of creativity. Simply
speaking, creativity is the ability to see a common or a difficult situation
from an uncommon perspective or to imagine extraordinary things and ensure
they come to fruition. The end product of creativity is bringing forth
something original and useful.

Creativity  nature or nurture?

We are all creative by nature. We experience creative thinking in our
lives in the form of sudden insights or extraordinary leaps of understanding.
It usually comes when we least expect it, after a long period of hard
work when we let go of our efforts. When we do our best and then either
consciously allow the higher energy to do its share, or relinquish our
efforts by accepting the situation, then suddenly, creative suggestion
dawns from somewhere within us after a gap of time.

We lose much of our creativity during school years through neglect and
cultural conditioning. Young children are constantly told what to do and
what not to do, what is right and what is wrong. Many times adults are
so involved in their own lives that they have no time to share the childs
experiences and excitements. The child is overburdened with the load of
formal education. Some urban children miss out on a natural environment.
All types of adult behaviour at home and at school suppress or kill spontaneity
and originality in the childs personality. In spite of this, we
retain the potential to reactivate our creative ability.

Thinking pattern in creative people

There are two ways in which our mind tends to think: linear or lateral.
In linear or ordinary thinking we seek a single correct answer by using
a one-pointed mind. We tend to think only in one direction by ruling out
other common possibilities. It is conscious thinking, executed by exercising
ones will, which mainly uses the left brain. In most of our day-to-day
dealings and problem solving, we apply this mode of thinking. Yogic practices
of pranayama, pratyahara and dharana enhance this human ability by calming
the mind and preparing it to apply itself to any given task with full
awareness.

In contrast to linear thinking, with lateral thinking we try to collect
as many possibilities, including the absurd ones. There is no effort on
the part of an individual. Lateral thinking is subconscious or unconscious
thinking supported by a relaxed state of mind which uses the whole brain.
One needs to get in tune with ones inner self. When the brain activity
shows alpha waves, the state of mind is more conducive to creative or
lateral thinking, e.g. just before falling asleep or when in an introverted
state of mind. Yogic practices of relaxation, such as yoga nidra, internalisation,
and mind quietening practices like mantra japa, chidakasha dharana and
bhakti yoga, enhance the ability to think in lateral mode by training
an individual to relax at will, making the mind quiet to establish contact
with ones own inner core.

Creative thinking involves conscious, focused or alert thinking, followed
by trance-like unfocused thinking. The latter state can be induced by
relaxation in order to recall specific memories or visualise something
vividly. In this state things are sorted out mentally. Children and some
adults can often adopt this state and become oblivious to everything around
them. Going inside is one of the main foundational skills
for creativity. We are able to switch rapidly from one level of consciousness
to the other. Even during a conversation, we may go into a very brief
period of inner reflection or memory recollection. All the practices of
pratyahara, dharana and dhyana enhance this ability to dive inside.

Personality type of creative people

Physical stress and emotional disturbance take away ones ability
to think with one-pointed concentration as well as to dive within. One
can effectively manage the physical and mental stress with asana and pranayama
practices. Yama, the practice of a social code of conduct, improves ones
dealings with other people, thus reducing the chances of emotional disturbance.
Niyama, the practice of self-discipline, helps one to find and maintain
balance in situations evoking emotional disturbance. The concept of a
middle path or moderation in yogic lifestyle also keeps these stresses
to a minimum.

People with a flexible nature and an attitude of looking at the brighter
side of a situation have more creative ability. They usually see problems
and setbacks as challenges and opportunities. They tend to reflect a lot
on their goals, the reasons for their success and the lessons they learn
when they do not succeed. In other words they recognise, analyse and utilise
or correct their strengths and weaknesses.

Swadhyaya or self-study is one of the niyamas for the practitioner of
raja yoga. Swami Niranjanananda recommends SWAN sadhana in order to practise
swadhyaya. In SWAN sadhana one watches and analyses ones S-strengths,
W-weaknesses, A-ambitions and N-needs. The changes that are necessary
in attitudes and personality are then brought about by practices of awareness,
witnessing attitude (sakshi bhava), developing opposite virtues (pratipaksha
bhava) and discrimination (viveka).

Work situation and creativity

Interest and motivation in the work is a prime factor in creativity.
The Bhagavad Gitas concept of total attention and dedication to
the action being performed (Yogah karmasu kaushalam) inspires motivation
in ones work. We can mould our personality by adopting a proper
lifestyle and consciously practising the behaviour and thought patterns
we want to perfect.

There is a period of optimal behaviour or mastery, called the state of
flow, during which a person achieves a high level of output and pleasure
in any job with little conscious effort. It is accompanied by a sense
of well-being and high self-esteem. This state happens at a point when
the level of a perceived challenge is balanced by a persons perceived
ability to carry it out. If the challenge is perceived as greater than
ones capacity, then anxiety will be the outcome. If the challenge
is perceived as too trivial as compared to ones abilities to deal
with it, then boredom will be the result. The state of flow happens in
a path steered between boredom and anxiety. Creative products often materialise
in this flow period.

Creativity decreases when a person is being observed, expected to perform
or produce results or under an authority.

Yoga nidra and creativity

The practice of yoga nidra is very familiar to yoga practitioners all
over the world. It is not only a practice of relaxation, but also a practice
of pratyahara and dharana. In the first preparatory stage of this practice,
physical and mental relaxation starts. Brain waves start slowing down
and the senses begin to withdraw from the external environment, preparing
the mind to be receptive. The second stage of taking a resolve does not
directly influence creativity. The third stage of rotation of consciousness
around the body parts deepens physical as well as mental relaxation and
introversion, discouraging the mind from going into slumber. The fourth
stage of breath awareness further intensifies relaxation and introversion.
In this stage dharana begins. These stages together prepare the ground
for the creative potential of the brain to manifest as the normal preponderance
of logical left hemisphere is replaced by activation of the whole brain.
The fifth stage of experiencing feelings and sensations helps in purging
emotions and finding emotional balance. The sixth stage of visualisation
allows stored material in the subconscious and unconscious mind to come
to the conscious level in the form of images and symbols. It is a stage
of extrasensory perception. Hidden or submerged knowledge can surface
at this time. In the fifth and sixth stages there is right brain preponderance
that is directly responsible for creativity. Yoga nidra puts us in touch
with our psychic personality which is responsible for all that we think
and do. It provides us with an opportunity to receive and fully assimilate
information. The seventh stage is repeating the resolve made in the second
stage. The last stage is externalisation and ending the practice. Thus
the whole practice of yoga nidra awakens and enhances ones creative
potentials.

Research study

Sri Shirish Kumar Gupta (MSc Applied Yogic Science, 20032005) conducted
an experiment into the effects of yoga nidra on the creativity of school
children. We present his findings below.

Aim

To study the effects of yoga nidra on the creativity of children.

Method

This study was conducted for one month from June 10th to July 10th, 2004
on 60 students from classes V and VI (aged 1012 years) at a school
in Satna, M.P., India. The experimental and control groups consisted of
30 students each, 15 students from class V and 15 from class VI. Allocation
to either group was done randomly using the lottery method. The experimental
group received 25 minutes of yoga nidra every working day for one month,
while the control group had their normal games and sports class during
the same time period. Yoga nidra consisted of stages 1 (preparation),
3 (rotation of awareness), 4 (breath awareness), 5 (pairs of opposite
sensations), 6 (visualisation) and 8 (externalisation). Only one parameter,
consisting of ten sub-tests, was studied before and after the experiment.
A panel of three teachers was selected to mark each subject in Ten Creativity
Tests for Children (TCTC).

Parameter: Ten Creativity Tests for Children (TCTC)

The TCTC, developed by the researcher, is modelled on existing creativity
tests. It consists of ten tests measuring ten dimensions of creativity.

Results

Table 1 shows the mean readings of the experimental and control groups
in all ten creativity tests before and after the experiment. In both groups
the post values are higher, showing the effect of familiarisation. However,
the rise in value is greater in the experimental group for all tests.
In all the dimensions of creativity, children who were given yoga nidra
performed better (Table 1) than those who did not receive yoga nidra.
All factors being equal, the experiment indicates a high correlation between
yoga nidra and creativity due to awakening the potential of the whole
brain, not only selected areas of the brain.

Table 1: Mean values of Ten Creativity Tests for Children
of the Experimental and Control groups