Macklin R, "International Research and Ethical Imperialism," Chapter 8 in Against Relativism: Cultural Diversity and the Search for Ethical Universals in Medicine, New York: Oxford University Press (1999): 188-217

Introduction to Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

Harold Edgar and David J. Rothman, "The Institutional Review Board and Beyond: Future Challenges to the Ethics of Human Experimentation" (1995)

Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), "International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects" (2002)