Cranial Nerve Exam: Normal Exam: Cranial Nerve 2 - Visual Acuity The first step in assessing the optic nerve is testing visual acuity. This can be done with a standard Snellen chart or with a pocket chart (Rosenbaum). Have the patient use their glasses if needed to obtain best-corrected vision. Have the patient hold the pocket chart at the focal length that is best for them which is usually 14 inches. Have them recite the line with the smallest letters that they can read and record the acuity. The first principle of neurologic diagnosis is regional or anatomiAuthor(s): No creator set

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Parkinson Disease - Motor Exam - Muscle Strength Sub-exam - Patient 10 The patient is a 68-year-old Caucasian male admitted to the VA on February 27, 2002, because of severe tremors and inability to walk due to chronic Parkinson Disease. This gentleman had been living with Parkinson Disease for many years and apparently, in spite of prescribed medications, had not improved or was getting worse. He experiences tremors, drooling, an inability to walk, and difficulty swallowing. Recently he had been unable to take the full dose of his carbidopa/levodopa medication duAuthor(s): No creator set

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Multiple Sclerosis - Motor Exam - Muscle Strength Sub-exam - Patient 20 Janie is a 39-year-old Caucasian female who initially presented with weakness and L'Hermitte’s phenomena at the age of 35. Initially mistaken as a TIA, MRI of the brain revealed numerous plaques in the white matter suggesting Multiple Sclerosis. Her lumbar puncture initially failed to demonstrate the presence of oligoclonal bands, but since progression of the disease over the past few years bands have developed.Author(s): No creator set

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Parkinson Disease - Motor Exam - Muscle Tone Sub-exam - Patient 10 The patient is a 68-year-old Caucasian male admitted to the VA on February 27, 2002, because of severe tremors and inability to walk due to chronic Parkinson Disease. This gentleman had been living with Parkinson Disease for many years and apparently, in spite of prescribed medications, had not improved or was getting worse. He experiences tremors, drooling, an inability to walk, and difficulty swallowing. Recently he had been unable to take the full dose of his carbidopa/levodopa medication duAuthor(s): No creator set

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Parkinson Disease - Reflexes Exam - Muscle Stretch Sub-exam - Patient 10 The patient is a 68-year-old Caucasian male admitted to the VA on February 27, 2002, because of severe tremors and inability to walk due to chronic Parkinson Disease. This gentleman had been living with Parkinson Disease for many years and apparently, in spite of prescribed medications, had not improved or was getting worse. He experiences tremors, drooling, an inability to walk, and difficulty swallowing. Recently he had been unable to take the full dose of his carbidopa/levodopa medication duAuthor(s): No creator set

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Stroke - Reflexes Exam - Muscle Stretch Sub-exam - Patient 19 This video features a 65-year-old right-handed white male. He was in the Air Force from 1962 until his retirement in 1982. The veteran reported that in 1995 he was diagnosed with inclusion body myositis. He first reported a problem in the early 1990s when carrying his briefcase. He noted problems lifting his right leg up to step onto the bus. Falls began around1994, prompting him to seek medical attention. The initial evaluation showed primarily lower motor neuron findings. He underwent severalAuthor(s): No creator set

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Spastic Paraplegia - Motor Exam - Muscle Strength Sub-exam - Patient 5 This video features a 54-year-old white male with a history of spastic paraplegia (diagnosed in 1994) and no previous history of heart disease or cardiac workup. He presented to the Emergency Room complaining of three days on-and-off retrosternal chest pain. Patient presented to the ER complaining of three days on-and-off retrosternal chest pain, rated 3/10, lasting approximately 30 minutes, occurring multiple times daily at rest or during activity. The first episode occurred three days before Author(s): No creator set

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Cerebellar Degeneration - Motor Exam - Muscle Tone Sub-exam - Patient 17 This 62-year-old white male has had neurological problems dating back to 1990. His initial symptoms consisted of blurred vision and incoordination. When he turns his head to read road signs, his vision is distorted. Gait disturbances have progressed to the point that he is now extremely unsteady. He reels from side-to-side and hangs onto walls for balance. There has been progressive worsening in the dexterity of his hands. Writing, buttoning, holding equipment and manipulating small objects havAuthor(s): No creator set

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Multiple Sclerosis - Reflexes Exam - Muscle Stretch Sub-exam - Patient 20 Janie is a 39-year-old Caucasian female who initially presented with weakness and L'Hermitte’s phenomena at the age of 35. Initially mistaken as a TIA, MRI of the brain revealed numerous plaques in the white matter suggesting Multiple Sclerosis. Her lumbar puncture initially failed to demonstrate the presence of oligoclonal bands, but since progression of the disease over the past few years bands have developed.Author(s): No creator set