• In 2008, about three weeks after Alcoa
/quotes/zigman/246295/delayed/quotes/nls/aaAA announced a partnership with a Chinese state-owner enterprise, thousands of emails including internal discussions on that transaction were stolen.

• In 2010, while Toshiba
/quotes/zigman/198925/realtimeJP:6502 unit Westinghouse was building four power plants in China and negotiating other terms of the construction, technical and design specifications for pipes, pipe supports, and pipe routing was taken. The DoJ also alleges that sensitive e-mails belonging to senior decision-makers responsible for Westinghouse’s business relationship was taken.

• In 2010, shortly before the scheduled preliminary determination in a Chinese steel case, malware was installed on U.S. Steel
/quotes/zigman/295713/delayed/quotes/nls/xX companies — and three days later, hostnames and descriptions of U.S. Steel computers were taken, which were then used to identify and exploit vulnerable servers.

• In 2012, at about the same time the Commerce Department found that Chinese solar product manufacturers had “dumped” products into U.S. markets at prices below fair value, thousands of files including information about SolarWorld’s
/quotes/zigman/28389725/realtimeDE:SWVK cash flow, manufacturing metrics, production line information, costs, and privileged attorney-client communications relating to ongoing trade litigation were taken.

• In 2012, Allegheny Technologies Inc.
/quotes/zigman/251511/delayed/quotes/nls/atiATI was engaged in a joint venture and involved in a trade dispute with a Chinese company. In April, ATI’s network was accessed and network credentials for virtually every employee was stolen.

• In 2012, United Steelworkers was involved in public disputes over Chinese trade practices, and emails from senior employees containing sensitive, non-public strategies were taken.