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With oil from a destroyed rig gushing into the Gulf of Mexico at an
estimated rate of 210,000 gallons per day, the effects on wildlife will
almost certainly be profound.

The April 20 explosion of a BP rig killed 11 people and eventually led to
the platform's sinking about 50 miles off the Louisiana coast. But now the
ensuing spill threatens 445 species of fish, 45 species of mammals, 32
species of amphibians and reptiles, and 134 species of birds, the Louisiana
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries told AOL News. And when the massive oil
slick makes landfall in Louisiana on Friday, it will hit 10 wildlife refuges
or management areas, such as the Gulf Islands National Seashore.

"The challenge with this type of oil is it's going to float, and,
depending on what the wind and waves do, it may stick around for a while,"
National Oceanic Atmospheric Association spokesman Tom Brosnan said at a
news conference today. "And as you get closer to the shorelines, you tend to
find richer life."

Bottlenose dolphins may come into contact with floating oil from the Gulf
spill when they surface for air.

Here then, is a small sampling of animals that will be affected as the
oil continues to spread.

Sea Creatures

Already a critically endangered species, the bluefin tuna comes to the
Gulf of Mexico between April and June in order to spawn. Its eggs' viability
would be plummet upon coming into contact with oil.

Mammals that must surface for air, such as the bottlenose dolphin and the
sperm whale, are likely to encounter patches of floating oil in the process.

Bivalves like oysters will be especially sensitive to the spill. "Mainly
that's because they can't move," Karen Foote, a marine biologist at the
Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, told AOL News.

Known as a "sea cow," the endangered West Indian manatee migrates along
the Gulf Coast in search of warm water. Eating sea grass and other plants it
finds in the shallows, the mammal may find its food sources contaminated
when oil reaches the shoreline.

Like other endangered species, the West Indian Manatee may see its food
supply dwindle when the spill reaches the Gulf shoreline.

The Gulf manhaden represents the third largest fishery in the United
States. Because it is a filter feeder -- meaning it circulates water through
its system in order to strain out food -- the oil poses a severe threat to
its health, and also to the fish oil business it supports, the Telegraph
reported.

Land Creatures

Several bird species frequent the gulf region, some stopping to lay eggs
and others simply to feed. Along the Louisiana shoreline, for instance, 5
million migratory birds stop and nest in the network of coastal marshes each
year. According to LiveScience, when oil coats a bird's feathers it is no
longer able to repel water or trap air, resulting in the bird's death by
hypothermia.

Louisiana's state bird, the brown pelican, is no longer on the endangered
species list but has just begun its nesting season on the barrier islands.

As many as 96 species of migratory songbirds, such as warblers, buntings
and swallows, make stops along the gulf shore on their annual journey from
the United States to Central and South America, CBS News reported.

The brown pelican, the state bird of Louisiana, lays its eggs on the
barrier islands where the oil spill is scheduled to arrive first.

Beach nesting birds, such as royal terns, sandpipers and snowy plovers,
will be negatively impacted as tar balls begin rolling in.

Shore birds like the reddish egret, whose population is already in
decline, rely on catching small fish in the shallows, the New York Times
reported. If those fish don't survive as the oil advances, it's unlikely the
egret will, either.

Reptiles

Both endangered species, the loggerhead turtle and the Kemp's ridley
turtle come to the gulf to feed beginning in May, and lay their eggs along
the coast's beaches.

In addition, the endangered diamondback terrapin, which is found in the
marshes of Alabama, may see its food supply compromised when the oil slick
washes ashore, Al.com reported.

Even the alligator, an animal that is not now in danger of extinction,
may encounter a steep decline in the fish it feeds on in the brackish
estuaries that border the gulf.

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