Regardless of whether the NSA is allowed to do this, is this something we, as a society, want? There is a lot of room for disagreement because it’s difficult to measure and compare the costs and benefits, but I’ve formed an opinion: No, absolutely not.

The Benefits

The only benefit I can think of is the potential to thwart terrorist attacks and other crime. That’s admirable—we don’t like terrorist attacks or crime so obviously we want to reduce them.

The Costs

Monetary cost

The most quantifiable cost is the actual money spent by the NSA to create and operate this system. The NSA’s budget is classified, but hundreds of millions of dollars seems like a fair guess.

A less obvious cost is the revenue that will be lost by American Internet companies from customers who desire stronger privacy guarantees. (See this article for more discussion.)

Risk of stolen data

The world is full of hackers with malicious intent. People who spend all day every day trying to steal other people’s private information. They regularly breach the security of companies with strong monetary incentives to keep your data secure. The NSA and it’s employees have only weak incentives to keep your data secure. From your own experience, do you find government employees to be more or less competent than private sector workers? The revelation of government collection of billions of private emails is an enticing target. It’s only a matter of time before a random kid in Russia steals and publishes billions of personal emails.

Bad precedent

If the US is supposed to be a stalwart of free speech and protection from unreasonable searches, what’s going to happen in the rest of the world? We’re setting a bad example for everyone else. Oppressive governments will perform this same collection of information and it will be misused even worse than here.

Threat to free speech

The founders of this country knew what they were doing when they created the First Amendment to The Constitution (free speech, free assembly). Open discussion is an important safety check on the government. Someone who is afraid their words might be used against them might be less likely to say what’s on their mind. Fear of retribution hinders free speech.

Reconciling the pros and cons

While the threat of further terrorist attacks is real, I think the benefit of increased physical security does not justify the tremendous loss of fundamental rights. By violating our values we lower ourselves to the level of those who would attack us. When we forfeit our rights and allow ourselves to live in fear, the terrorists win.