Motor vehicles travelled an estimated total distance of 192,209 million kilometres (km) in the year ended 31 October 2002, at an average of 15,600 km per vehicle (table 22.7). Business use accounted for an estimated 35% of aggregate distance travelled, while people's journeys to and from work accounted for a further 22%. Private use made up the remaining 43%.

22.7 BUSINESS AND PRIVATE VEHICLE USE - Year ended 31 October 2002

Business

Type of vehicle

Laden

Unladen

Total(a)

To and from work

Private

Total

TOTAL KILOMETRES TRAVELLED (million)

Passenger vehicles

n.a.

n.a.

33,712

36,151

74,813

144,676

Motor cycles

n.a.

n.a.

*321

*540

*819

1,681

Light commercial vehicles

14,054

5,624

19,677

5,527

6,145

31,349

Rigid trucks

4,830

2,049

6,879

*156

*45

7,080

Articulated trucks

4,012

1,405

5,417

*5

*2

5,425

Non-freight carrying trucks

n.a.

n.a.

221

**2

**2

224

Buses

n.a.

n.a.

1,641

*28

*106

1,775

Total

22,896

9,077

67,868

42,410

81,932

192,209

AVERAGE KILOMETRES TRAVELLED(b) (’000)

Passenger vehicles

-

-

11.6

7.1

8.5

14.7

Motor cycles

-

-

*6.5

*6.1

3.8

6.0

Light commercial vehicles

14.0

8.8

17.9

8.1

7.2

18.0

Rigid trucks

16.2

8.7

22.9

*5.4

*2.4

22.4

Articulated trucks

70.4

28.7

94.2

*4.8

*2.5

93.6

Non-freight carrying trucks

-

-

14.2

*3.3

**3.0

14.4

Buses

-

-

33.2

*7.1

*12.7

32.0

Total

16.8

9.9

15.2

7.2

8.3

15.6

(a) Includes business travel of non-freight carrying vehicles.(b) Average distance travelled for registered vehicles which were used.

The localities in which motor vehicles travelled are described in table 22.8. Only 5% of total distance travelled represented interstate trips, while 55% of trips were within the capital city of the state or territory in which the vehicle was registered.

22.8 AREA OF OPERATION - Year ended 31 October 2002

Within state/territory of registration

Type of vehicle

Capital
city

Provincial
urban

Other areas of
state/territory

Total

Interstate

Australia

TOTAL KILOMETRES TRAVELLED (million)

Passenger vehicles

86,304

18,716

33,181

138,201

6,475

144,676

Motor cycles

846

285

424

1,554

126

1,681

Light commercial vehicles

13,601

4,518

11,702

29,822

1,528

31,349

Rigid trucks

3,767

980

2,089

6,835

244

7,080

Articulated trucks

1,007

396

2,524

3,927

1,497

5,425

Non-freight carrying trucks

118

44

54

216

8

224

Buses

832

314

544

1,689

86

1,775

Total

106,475

25,253

50,517

182,245

9,964

192,209

AVERAGE KILOMETRES TRAVELLED(a) (’000)

Passenger vehicles

11.9

6.6

9.5

14.1

6.9

14.7

Motor cycles

6.0

4.3

3.7

5.8

4.7

6.0

Light commercial vehicles

15.7

9.7

13.9

17.3

14.6

18.0

Rigid trucks

23.4

14.3

14.2

21.8

15.3

22.4

Articulated trucks

32.0

19.6

61.0

69.8

83.2

93.6

Non-freight carrying trucks

17.8

11.7

6.9

13.7

7.6

14.1

Buses

26.6

21.0

23.5

30.7

16.4

32.0

Total

12.5

7.3

10.8

14.9

9.0

15.6

(a) Average distance travelled for registered vehicles which were used.

The total hours flown and the number of aircraft departures by the major domestic and regional airlines are shown in table 22.9. Hours flown in 2003 were 4% more than in 2002, while aircraft departures were marginally lower compared with 2002.

In addition to the scheduled services of domestic and regional airlines, the range of activities undertaken by the general aviation industry includes business flying, aerial agriculture, charter, training and private flying (table 22.10).

22.9 DOMESTIC AIRLINE ACTIVITY, Major and regional airlines

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

'000

'000

'000

'000

'000

'000

Hours flown

749

751

788

759

667

693

Aircraft departures

585

588

606

564

479

477

Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services.

22.10 GENERAL AVIATION ACTIVITY, Hours flown

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

'000

'000

'000

'000

'000

'000

'000

Charter

487

498

508

480

469

446

438

Agricultural

137

147

135

124

114

71

60

Flying training

455

484

454

419

411

411

424

Other aerial work

315

319

314

304

300

327

331

Private/business

446

430

432

388

409

412

386

Total

1,839

1,878

1,842

1,715

1,703

1,667

1,639

Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services.

International airline activity

The number of flights into and out of Australia rose in 2003 compared with 2002 (table 22.11). The share of total scheduled international airline traffic that was provided by Australian-owned airlines - Qantas and Australian Airlines - declined marginally from 32% in 2002 to 31% in 2003.

22.11 SCHEDULED INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE TRAFFIC TO AND FROM AUSTRALIA(a)(b)(c)

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

TRAFFIC TO AUSTRALIA

Qantas Airways Limited

12,675

13,751

14,702

(d)13,953

12,995

Ansett International(e)

1,640

1,450

1,046

-

-

Australian Airlines(f)

-

-

-

-

1,262

Other airlines

27,219

30,633

30,536

29,863

31,894

All airlines

41,534

45,834

46,284

43,816

46,151

TRAFFIC FROM AUSTRALIA

Qantas Airways Limited

12,733

13,817

14,714

(d)13,989

12,996

Ansett International(e)

1,646

1,454

1,048

-

-

Australian Airlines(f)

-

-

-

-

1,263

Other airlines

26,713

30,083

30,101

29,609

31,758

All airlines

41,092

45,354

45,863

43,598

46,017

(a) Includes Norfolk Island.(b) Includes Qantas flights using aircraft leased from other airlines and vice versa.(c) The difference between to and from numbers arises because some outward flights are operated as non-scheduled, and so are not counted in the table.(d) Includes Australian Airlines, a wholly owned subsidiary of Qantas Airways Ltd.(e) Ansett International ceased operations on 14 September 2001.(f) Services commenced in October 2002.

Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services.

Domestic freight activity

Freight movement within Australia is a significant transport task. Goods are moved across vast distances because of the size of the country and the dispersed locations of agricultural, mining, production and population centres. Key freight transport task measures are tonnes carried and tonne-kilometres (which represents the summation of mass multiplied by the distance travelled by individual freight cargoes).

The following sections provide information on the domestic freight task performed by each of the transport modes.

Road freight activity

In the 12 months ended 31 March 2001, the 62,000 articulated vehicles in Australia lifted an estimated 614 million tonnes of freight (table 22.12), and conducted over 88 billion tonne-kilometres of freight travel. Freight originating in New South Wales accounted for 30% of both the total tonne-kilometres travelled (26,440 million) and of the total tonnes carried by road (184 million).

Australia's 332 thousand rigid trucks provided 25 billion tonne-kilometres of freight travel, in the year to 31 March 2001.

The major commodities moved by road, in the 12 months to 31 March 2001, are shown in table 22.13. Food accounted for 22% of the total tonne-kilometres travelled and 14% of the total tonnes carried by road. Stone, sand and gravel represented 14% of the tonnage carried by road transport, yet because of the typically shorter trip distances, this commodity group only accounted for 4% of the total tonne-kilometres travelled.

The tonnes carried for the commodity group Crude materials, inedible, except fuels increased by 13% (33.1 million) between 2001-02 and 2002-03. This commodity accounted for 49.5% (296.5 million) of the total tonnes carried in 2002-03 and 46.5% (263.5 million) in 2001-02.

Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials showed a small increase of 2% over the two periods rising from 242.6 million tonnes to 246.4 million tonnes carried.

The tonnage of Food and live animals carried fell 28% (7.8 million) from 27.8 million tonnes to 20.0 million tonnes between 2001-02 and 2002-03.

In 2002-03 a total of 164.4 billion tonne-kilometres of freight was moved by rail, compared with 153.1 billion in 2001-02. Solid bulk as a method of freight transport accounted for a total of 123.1 billion tonne-kilometres in 2001-02 and 130.5 billion tonne-kilometres in 2002-03 (table 22.16). This represented approximately 80% of the total tonne-kilometres travelled in each of these periods.

Freight in containers accounted for 14.5% (22.2 billion) of all tonne-kilometres travelled in 2001-02 and 15.9% (26.2 billion) in 2002-03. This represents an increase of 18% between the two periods.

For 2002-03, 562 million tonnes of freight was moved as solid bulk (table 22.17). This represents an increase of 5% on the 533 million tonnes carried by this method in 2001-02. Approximately 94% of all tonnes carried in both reference periods was in the form of solid bulk.

Freight in containers was the method of transport for approximately 4% of all the tonnes carried in both periods. The tonnage of freight transported in containers increased 5% between the two periods from 22 million tonnes to 23 million tonnes.

In the 12 months ended 31 March 2001, there were 47 million tonnes of sea freight carried between Australian ports (table 22.18). This domestic sea freight task amounted to 97.3 billion tonne-kilometres, representing 30% of the aggregate of freight tonne-kilometres travelled within Australia by all transport modes.

Air freight accounted for less than 1% of the total domestic freight task in the year ended 31 March 2001. Freight originating from New South Wales and Victoria, together, accounted for over half (54%) of total air freight tonne-kilometres (table 22.20).

The nature of Australia's foreign trade means that the weight of exports (including coal, iron ore, and agricultural products) far exceeds the weight of the imports. Most of the tonnage of exports and imports is shipped by bulk carriers or tankers.

The weight of exports was 563 million tonnes in 2003-04, a 4% increase on the previous year, and 30% above the level in 1998-99 (table 22.21). Tonnages of food and live animal exports rose every year between 1998-99 and 2001-02, before falling by 26% to 23 million tonnes in 2002-03. The food and live animals tonnage recovered in 2003-04. The export of mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials has risen from 187 million tonnes in 1998-99 to 238 million tonnes in 2003-04.

The commodity group Crude materials, inedible, except fuels, which includes iron ore, alumina, zinc ores and wool, accounted for the greatest proportion of total exports by weight in 2003-04 (47%). Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials which includes coal and petroleum, accounted for 42%. Beverages and tobacco export tonnage increased every year between 1998-99 and 2002-03, then dropped by 10% in 2003-04.

The weight of total imports increased by 13% between 1998-99 and 2003-04, from 56 million tonnes to 63 million tonnes. Over this period the commodity group Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material rose by 57%.

22.21 INTERNATIONAL SEA FREIGHT, By commodity group

1998-99

1999-2000

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

'000 tonnes

'000 tonnes

'000 tonnes

'000 tonnes

'000 tonnes

'000 tonnes

EXPORTS

Food and live animals

28,920

29,910

30,369

30,925

22,763

30,236

Beverages and tobacco

432

576

805

890

1,593

1,432

Crude materials, inedible, except fuels

192,479

207,784

222,897

221,755

251,545

266,031

Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials

186,903

198,148

218,191

223,429

230,785

237,541

Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes

474

455

484

690

487

528

Chemicals and related products n.e.c.

1,336

1,423

1,949

1,718

2,086

2,036

Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material

7,891

7,702

6,836

12,073

15,606

8,310

Machinery and transport equipment

573

629

941

801

848

963

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

152

202

301

297

593

213

Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(a)

13,392

15,861

13,431

13,739

15,166

15,414

Total

432,552

462,690

496,204

506,316

541,474

562,704

IMPORTS

Food and live animals

1,362

1,443

1,565

1,798

2,708

2,176

Beverages and tobacco

198

243

311

289

348

345

Crude materials, inedible, except fuels

8,163

8,045

7,863

8,078

8,366

8,155

Mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials

28,917

26,952

26,369

27,294

28,661

29,225

Animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes

208

225

233

244

282

290

Chemicals and related products n.e.c.

8,289

9,196

8,929

9,209

9,213

9,436

Manufactured goods classified chiefly by material

5,406

6,327

5,640

6,480

7,519

8,496

Machinery and transport equipment

2,352

2,654

2,372

2,512

2,893

3,321

Miscellaneous manufactured articles

1,090

1,204

1,221

1,391

1,611

1,810

Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC(a)

246

73

77

746

823

200

Total

56,232

56,361

54,579

58,041

62,422

63,455

(a) Standard International Trade Classification.

Source: ABS data available on request, International Trade Special Data Service.

Air freight activity (international)

The total air cargo tonnage coming into Australia in 2003 was 3% more than in 2002 (table 22.22). Tonnage of incoming freight exceeded outgoing freight by 5%.

The total tonnage of mail moved out of Australia in 2003 was almost identical to the tonnage of incoming mail. The two operating Australian airlines carried 22% of total incoming cargo and 27% of total outgoing cargo in 2003.

22.22 SCHEDULED INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE TRAFFIC TO AND FROM AUSTRALIA(a)

2002

2003

Freight

Mail

Total cargo

Freight

Mail

Total cargo

tonnes

tonnes

tonnes

tonnes

tonnes

tonnes

INCOMING TRAFFIC

Qantas Airways Limited

66,226

5,724

71,950

63,987

5,243

69,230

Australian Airlines(b)

263

-

263

3,447

16

3,463

Other airlines

238,606

8,354

246,960

246,185

8,890

255,075

All airlines

305,095

14,078

319,173

313,619

14,149

327,768

OUTGOING TRAFFIC

Qantas Airways Limited

80,084

13,621

93,705

66,263

12,843

79,106

Australian Airlines(b)

1,230

-

1,230

5,551

36

5,587

Other airlines

259,517

1,013

260,530

225,735

1,286

227,021

All airlines

340,831

14,634

355,465

297,549

14,165

311,714

(a) Includes Norfolk Island.(b) Services commenced in October 2002.

Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services.

The combined tonnage of incoming and outgoing air freight (excluding mail) fell by 5% between 2002 and 2003. Table 22.23 shows the main origin/destination pairs for freight moving into and out of Australia. The Auckland/Sydney route was the busiest, accounting for 8% of the total freight carried. The Los Angeles/Sydney and Singapore/Sydney routes recorded the largest decreases in freight carried between 2002 and 2003 (20% and 11% respectively).

22.23 INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT CARRIED (EXCLUDING MAIL), By city pairs(a)

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

tonnes

tonnes

tonnes

tonnes

tonnes

tonnes

Auckland/Sydney

54,849

54,047

50,090

49,142

47,930

51,466

Singapore/Melbourne

34,935

51,096

48,574

48,457

51,012

51,210

Singapore/Sydney

38,758

43,689

46,313

48,164

48,540

43,279

Hong Kong/Sydney

36,789

34,252

33,976

30,658

30,170

29,970

Los Angeles/Sydney

26,500

36,061

32,721

27,672

27,753

22,218

Auckland/Melbourne

32,199

34,722

29,559

30,355

32,961

32,668

Singapore/Perth

26,160

27,436

27,822

30,073

25,436

26,129

Hong Kong/Melbourne

23,821

26,031

25,879

23,632

23,929

23,817

Seoul/Sydney

11,399

12,316

18,792

16,973

-

-

Kuala Lumpur/Melbourne

-

-

-

12,943

21,121

19,976

Singapore/Brisbane

11,823

14,988

18,337

18,293

18,734

18,633

Other city pairs

334,674

346,878

347,887

320,734

318,340

291,802

All city pairs

631,908

681,515

679,948

640,121

645,926

611,168

(a) The table does not necessarily show the final origin/destination of freight. For example, all freight going to or coming from Europe would require a stopover, generally in Asia.

Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services.

Domestic road, rail and air passenger activity

Personal travel occurs for many reasons, including school, business, recreation and travel to and from work. While road transport accounts for the majority of domestic passenger trips undertaken, rail services are used by a considerable number of urban commuters. Air services provide for a large proportion of long distance passenger travel.

Road passenger vehicle activity

In the year ending 31 October 2002 Australia's 10.2 million passenger vehicles travelled an estimated 144.7 billion km (table 22.24), each averaging 14,200 km per year. Just over 367,000 motor cycles travelled 1.7 billion km, while the fleet of almost 57,000 buses travelled 1.8 billion km.

22.24 MOTOR VEHICLE USE, By state/territory of registration - 2002

Passenger vehicles

Motor cycles

Buses

TOTAL KILOMETRES TRAVELLED (million)

New South Wales

46,263

601

565

Victoria

40,273

323

329

Queensland

25,320

479

363

South Australia

11,802

72

144

Western Australia

14,183

114

226

Tasmania

3,123

32

46

Northern Territory

1,077

*20

71

Australian Capital Territory

2,635

39

31

Australia

144,676

1,681

1,775

NUMBER OF VEHICLES(a)

New South Wales

3,124,190

95,196

16,424

Victoria

2,795,305

100,702

11,703

Queensland

1,854,506

79,586

13,084

South Australia

859,417

26,793

3,783

Western Australia

1,068,105

46,435

7,000

Tasmania

246,632

8,131

1,794

Northern Territory

69,044

3,511

2,206

Australian Capital Territory

177,436

6,902

759

Australia

10,194,637

367,258

56,754

(a) The average number of vehicles registered for the 12 months. Includes registered vehicles that did not travel during the reference period.

The passenger operations of rail operators are shown in table 22.25. The number of urban passengers increased by 28% over the period 1992-93 to 2001-02, but fell to 586 million in 2002-03. Total rail passengers also fell from 648 million in 2001-02 to 595 million in 2002-03. Heavy rail has consistently accounted for more than three-quarters of urban rail passenger operations.

At 30 June 2003 there were two major domestic airlines operating in Australia - Qantas and Virgin Blue - providing scheduled services to the 34 major airports. Another carrier, Jetstar Airways, commenced operation in May 2004. Regional airlines provided connecting services to an additional 133 regional airports.

Passenger departures were 10% higher in 2003, compared with 2002 (table 22.26), while the percentage of vacant seat kilometres fell. In 2003 the major domestic airlines accounted for 87% of total Australian domestic passenger departures. The regional airlines share of passenger departures has decreased from 17% in 1998 to 13% in 2003.

22.26 DOMESTIC AIRLINE ACTIVITY

Units

1998

1999

2000(a)

2001(a)

2002(a)

2003(a)

Passenger departures(b)

Domestic airlines

'000

23,575

24,392

25,660

26,152

25,808

28,949

Regional airlines

'000

4,851

5,039

5,929

5,668

4,354

4,165

Total

'000

28,426

29,431

31,590

31,820

30,162

33,114

Other activity (domestic airlines only)

Passenger kilometres performed(c)

million

26,774

27,853

29,601

30,410

30,565

34,643

Seat kilometres available(d)

million

35,467

36,119

38,232

39,739

38,640

43,202

Percentage of vacant seat kilometres

%

24.5

22.9

22.6

23.5

20.9

19.8

(a) Includes estimates for regional airlines data.(b) The unit of measurement is traffic on board (which includes transit traffic). Includes revenue passengers only.(c) The sum for all flights of the number of passengers on each flight multiplied by the distance travelled.(d) The sum for all flights of the number of seats on a flight multiplied by distance travelled.

Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services.

The number of domestic passengers boarding airlines at the principal airports is shown in table 22.27. In 2003 all principal airports recorded increases in passenger movements compared with 2002. The strongest growth was recorded in Hobart (16%), followed by Perth (15%), Townsville (14%), and Coolangatta (12%). Darwin recorded the lowest level of growth (3%).

22.27 DOMESTIC PASSENGER MOVEMENTS(a)

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Principal airport

'000

'000

'000

'000

'000

'000

Sydney

(b)14,276

(b)14,882

16,241

(b)16,565

(b)15,195

(b)16,546

Melbourne

11,429

(b)11,901

12,934

(b)13,266

(b)12,883

(b)14,021

Brisbane

(b)7,438

(b)7,833

8,811

(b)9,946

(b)9,164

(b)10,105

Adelaide

(b)3,789

(b)3,861

3,963

(b)4,182

(b)3,994

(b)4,384

Perth

3,236

3,258

3,463

3,342

3,371

3,893

Canberra

1,805

1,901

2,041

(b)1,973

(b)1,886

(b)2,074

Hobart

(b)856

(b)878

928

(b)996

(b)948

(b)1,102

Darwin

854

(b)879

907

(b)848

(b)894

(b)924

Cairns

1,916

(b)2,023

2,133

(b)2,025

(b)2,088

(b)2,245

Coolangatta

1,889

(b)1,938

1,918

(b)1,832

(b)1,912

(b)2,143

Townsville

(b)704

(b)740

772

(b)806

(b)781

(b)889

Launceston

536

(b)545

532

(b)509

(b)570

(b)608

(a) The number of passengers on board arriving at or departing from each airport. Includes passengers in transit who are counted as both arrivals and departures at airports through which they transit.(b) Includes estimates for unreported data.

Of total international passengers (16.4 million) carried to and from Australia in 2003 (table 22.28), 3.9 million travelled between Australia and New Zealand and 2.9 million travelled between Australia and Singapore.

22.28 SCHEDULED INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER TRAFFIC TO AND FROM AUSTRALIA - 2003

Inbound

Outbound

Total

Country to/from

'000

'000

'000

Argentina

14.5

14.8

29.2

Austria

78.4

83.1

161.5

Bahrain

3.0

4.9

7.9

Brunei

47.1

50.7

97.8

Canada

44.0

49.1

93.1

China (excl. SARs & Taiwan Prov.)

125.2

119.4

244.6

Fiji

190.3

189.4

379.7

France

9.6

7.0

16.6

Germany

42.9

38.5

81.4

Guam

12.4

12.8

25.2

Hong Kong (SAR of China)

518.6

487.9

1,006.5

Indonesia

252.6

264.3

516.9

Italy

8.2

5.8

14.0

Japan

771.8

773.0

1,544.8

Korea, Republic of (South)

201.6

190.1

391.7

Malaysia

466.6

442.3

908.9

Mauritius

14.7

14.7

29.4

Nauru

5.7

5.3

11.0

New Caledonia

57.9

56.7

114.6

New Zealand

1,913.5

1,956.7

3,870.2

Papua New Guinea

63.0

64.2

127.1

Philippines

69.4

68.1

137.5

Singapore

1,513.1

1,440.5

2,953.6

Solomon Islands

9.0

9.1

18.1

South Africa

117.9

104.0

221.9

Tahiti

-

0.4

0.4

Taiwan

87.8

87.3

175.1

Thailand

387.0

388.7

775.7

Tonga

2.1

2.3

4.4

United Kingdom

291.3

294.3

585.6

United Arab Emirates

217.7

211.7

429.4

United States of America

651.7

655.1

1,306.8

Vanuatu

28.5

28.3

56.8

Vietnam

22.2

36.7

58.9

Western Samoa

5.1

6.1

11.2

Total

8,263.1

8,182.4

16,445.5

Source: Department of Transport and Regional Services.

Table 22.29 shows the number of international passengers who travelled through each of Australia's international airports. Sydney's share of total international passenger traffic was 48% in 2003, followed by Melbourne with 19%, and Brisbane with 15%. In 2003 the Gold Coast/Coolangatta's international passenger numbers were 23% higher than in the previous year. International passenger numbers at Darwin airport were 25% lower in 2003 compared with 2002.

22.29 INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER TRAFFIC THROUGH AUSTRALIAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS

2001

2002

2003

Airport

'000 passengers

'000 passengers

'000 passengers

Sydney

8,229

8,007

7,925

Melbourne

3,316

3,314

3,199

Brisbane

2,548

2,493

2,549

Perth

1,587

1,636

1,587

Cairns

665

766

747

Adelaide

242

224

207

Darwin

152

103

77.7

Gold Coast/Coolangatta

41.6

113.1

138.9

Norfolk Island

16.4

15.9

15.3

Newcastle(a)

1.1

9.5

-

Broome(b)

2.3

-

-

Townsville(c)

0.1

-

-

Total

16,799.7

16,682.4

16,445.5

(a) International operations commenced December 2001 and ceased September 2002.(b) International operations recommenced April 2000 and ceased again in July 2001.(c) International operations recommenced October 2001 and ceased again in March 2002.

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