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To help reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 (coronavirus), the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, including the Library and Archives Reading Room, is closed until further notice. Staff members are working remotely to answer reference requests to the extent feasible. Reference questions, including those regarding access to collections, may be directed to Reference@ushmm.org. For questions about donating materials, please contact Curator@ushmm.org. Please do not send any materials until the Museum reopens to the public. Thank you for your understanding.

To help reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 (coronavirus), the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, including the Library and Archives Reading Room, is closed until further notice. Staff members are working remotely to answer reference requests to the extent feasible. Reference questions, including those regarding access to collections, may be directed to Reference@ushmm.org. For questions about donating materials, please contact Curator@ushmm.org. Please do not send any materials until the Museum reopens to the public. Thank you for your understanding.

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The Museum’s Collections document the fate of Holocaust victims, survivors, rescuers, liberators, and others through artifacts, documents, photos, films, books, personal stories, and more. Search below to view digital records and find material that you can access at our library and at the Shapell Center.

Poster of an Orthodox Jew balancing Stalin and $ 1 billion on a scale

Object | Accession Number: 2009.367.2

Anti-Jewish poster issued in German occupied Serbia in the fall of 1941 for the Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition in Belgrade from October 22, 1941, to January 19, 1942. It portrays a large, stereotypical Orthodox Jewish man holding a small scale balancing Joseph Stalin against a stack of US dollars and British pounds. The exhibit focused on the alleged Jewish-Communist-Masonic conspiracy to achieve world domination. Jews were portrayed as the source of all evil, which had to be destroyed, along with Jewish controlled countries, such as the Soviet Union and the US, and any outsider groups that opposed Nazi Germany. Yugoslavia was invaded and dismembered by the Axis powers in April 1941. Germany annexed most of Slovenia and placed Serbia under military occupation. The exhibition was organized by the Serbian puppet government of Milan Nedic in collaboration with the German occupiers.

Poster on light brown paper on a prepared linen support. The dominant image, filling the top three-quarters of the poster, is a large, sterotypical Orthodox Jewish man, dressed in a black overcoat and yarmulke, with a large, bulbous nose, and white sidelocks, moustache, and long, full beard. He holds a balance scale in his right hand. The bowl on his right holds stacks of British pounds, dollar coins, and banknotes, and a sack with 1,000,000,000 on it. In the left bowl is a black haired, moustached man in a green military uniform with a red star, and a holstered gun, Joseph Stalin. He stands looking at the money, holding onto the scale suspension ropes. At the bottom is a light brown panel with Serbian text in black and red ink. For another version of this poster, see 2016.184.333.

Antisemitic propaganda poster issued in German occupied Serbia in the fall of 1941. It has caricatures of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill sitting on a makeshift seesaw balanced on a globe, controlled by a giant caricatured Orthodox Jew. The poster was created for the Grand Anti-Masonic Exhibition held in Belgrade from October 22, 1941, to January 19, 1942. The exhibit focused on the alleged Jewish-Communist-Masonic conspiracy to achieve world domination. Jews were portrayed as the source of all evil, which had to be destroyed, along with Jewish controlled countries, such as the Soviet Union and the US, and any outsider groups that opposed Nazi Germany. Yugoslavia was invaded and dismembered by the Axis powers in April 1941. Germany annexed most of Slovenia and placed Serbia under military occupation. The exhibition was organized by the Serbian puppet government of Milan Nedic in collaboration with the German occupiers.

Learn about over 1,000 camps and ghettos in Volume I and II of this encyclopedia, which are available as a free PDF download. This reference provides text, photographs, charts, maps, and extensive indexes.