Thus, in Arizona, Smith received 5, votes, constituting 0. In both states, two electoral votes are awarded to the winner of the statewide race and one electoral vote is awarded to the winner of each congressional district.

The Libertarian Party of Arizona opted to place L. Bush became the president-elect and began forming his transition committee.

On January 6, , a joint session of Congress met to certify the electoral vote. Twenty members of the House of Representatives , most of them members of the all-Democratic Congressional Black Caucus , rose one-by-one to file objections to the electoral votes of Florida.

However, pursuant to the Electoral Count Act of , any such objection had to be sponsored by both a representative and a senator.

Therefore, Gore, who presided in his capacity as President of the Senate , ruled each of these objections out of order. Subsequently, the joint session of Congress certified the electoral votes from all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Bush took the oath of office on January 20, He would serve for the next eight years. The commission found that under most scenarios for completion of the initiated recounts, Bush would have won the election; however, Gore would have won using the most generous standards for undervotes.

Petersburg Times [65] —hired NORC at the University of Chicago [66] to examine , ballots that were collected from the entire state, not just the disputed counties that were recounted; these ballots contained undervotes ballots with no machine-detected choice made for president and overvotes ballots with more than one choice marked.

Their goal was to determine the reliability and accuracy of the systems used for the voting process. For all undervotes and overvotes statewide, these five standards are: Such a statewide review including all uncounted votes was a tangible possibility, as Leon County Circuit Court Judge Terry Lewis , whom the Florida Supreme Court had assigned to oversee the statewide recount, had scheduled a hearing for December 13 mooted by the U.

Subsequent statements by Judge Lewis and internal court documents support the likelihood of including overvotes in the recount.

Further, according to sociologists Christopher Uggen and Jeff Manza, the election might have gone to Gore if the disenfranchised population of Florida had voted.

Florida law disenfranchises convicted felons, requiring individual applications to regain suffrage. In their American Sociological Review article, Uggen and Manza found that the released felon vote could have altered the outcome of seven senatorial races between and , and the presidential election.

Because the presidential election was so close in Florida, the United States government and state governments pushed for election reform to be prepared by the presidential election.

Many voters had difficulties with the paper-based punch card voting machines and were either unable to understand the required process for voting or unable to perform the process.

This resulted in an unusual amount of overvote voting for more candidates than is allowed and undervotes voting for fewer than the minimum candidates, including none at all.

Many undervotes were caused by voter error, unmaintained punch card voting booths, or errors having to do merely with the characteristics of punch card ballots resulting in hanging, dimpled, or pregnant chads.

A proposed solution to these problems was the installation of modern electronic voting machines. The United States presidential election of spurred the debate about election and voting reform, but it did not end it.

In the aftermath of the election, the Help America Vote Act HAVA was passed to help states upgrade their election technology in the hopes of preventing similar problems in future elections.

Unfortunately, the electronic voting systems that many states purchased to comply with HAVA actually caused problems in the presidential election of Breaking its own guidelines, [ citation needed ] VNS called the state as a win for Gore 12 minutes before polls closed in the Florida panhandle.

Although most of the state is in the Eastern Time Zone, counties in the Florida panhandle, located in the Central Time Zone, had not yet closed their polls.

Discrepancies between the results of exit polls and the actual vote count caused the VNS to change its call twice, first from Gore to Bush and then to "too close to call".

Due in part to this and other polling inaccuracies [ citation needed ] the VNS was disbanded in According to Bush adviser Karl Rove , exit polls early in the afternoon on election day showed Gore winning by three percentage points, but when the networks called the state for Gore, Bush led by about 75, votes in raw tallies from the Florida Secretary of State.

Also, charges of media bias were leveled against the networks by Republicans. They claimed that the networks called states more quickly for Al Gore than for George W.

Congress held hearings on this matter, [ citation needed ] and the networks claimed to have no intentional bias in their election night reporting.

However, a study of the calls made on election night indicated that states carried by Gore were called more quickly than states won by Bush [ citation needed ] ; however, notable Bush states, like New Hampshire and Florida, were very close, and close Gore states like Iowa, Oregon, New Mexico and Wisconsin were called late as well.

Because the Florida call was widely seen as an indicator that Gore had won the election, it is possible that it depressed Republican turnout in these states during the final hours of voting, giving Gore the slim margin by which he carried each of them.

Likewise, the call may have affected the outcome of the Senate election in Washington state , where incumbent Republican Slade Gorton was defeated by approximately 2, votes statewide.

Many Gore supporters claimed that third-party candidate Nader acted as a spoiler in the election since Nader votes could have been cast for Gore, and for instance, Nader allegedly threw the election outcome to Bush.

Winning either state would have won the general election for Gore. Defenders of Nader, including Dan Perkins , argued that the margin in Florida was small enough that Democrats could blame any number of third-party candidates for the defeat, including Workers World Party candidate Monica Moorehead , who received 1, votes.

For example, Mother Jones wrote about the so-called "rank-and-file liberals" who saw Nader negatively after the election and pointed that Public Citizen , the organization Nader founded in , had a new fundraising problem in its own founder, citing a drop in contributions.

Public Citizen—and the other groups that Mr. When exit pollers asked voters how they would have voted in a two-way race, Bush actually won by a point.

That was better than he did with Nader in the race. In an online article published by Salon. According to Hightower, , self-described liberals in Florida voted for Bush, while fewer than 34, voted for Nader.

In their book The Nightly News Nightmare: Robert Lichter alleged most media outlets influenced the outcome of the election through the use of horse race journalism.

Peter Hart and Jim Naureckas, two commentators for Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting FAIR , called the media "serial exaggerators" and alleged that several media outlets were constantly exaggerating criticism of Gore: This is the election that fixed red as a color for the Republican party and blue for the Democrats.

The New York Times used these colors on their full-color election maps. Senior graphics editor Archie Tse, decided that as Republican started with an R then red "was a more natural association".

Prior to that color coding choices were inconsistent across the media. In , in its first election map on air, NBC used bulbs that turned red for Carter-won states Democratic , and blue for Ford Republican.

However the NBC format did not catch on long term, the media did not follow suit. The unusually long election helped to cement red and blue as colors in the collective mind.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from United States presidential election, For related races, see United States elections.

Congress held hearings on this matter, [ citation needed ] and the networks claimed to have no intentional bias in their election night reporting.

However, a study of the calls made on election night indicated that states carried by Gore were called more quickly than states won by Bush [ citation needed ] ; however, notable Bush states, like New Hampshire and Florida, were very close, and close Gore states like Iowa, Oregon, New Mexico and Wisconsin were called late as well.

Because the Florida call was widely seen as an indicator that Gore had won the election, it is possible that it depressed Republican turnout in these states during the final hours of voting, giving Gore the slim margin by which he carried each of them.

Likewise, the call may have affected the outcome of the Senate election in Washington state , where incumbent Republican Slade Gorton was defeated by approximately 2, votes statewide.

Many Gore supporters claimed that third-party candidate Nader acted as a spoiler in the election since Nader votes could have been cast for Gore, and for instance, Nader allegedly threw the election outcome to Bush.

Winning either state would have won the general election for Gore. Defenders of Nader, including Dan Perkins , argued that the margin in Florida was small enough that Democrats could blame any number of third-party candidates for the defeat, including Workers World Party candidate Monica Moorehead , who received 1, votes.

For example, Mother Jones wrote about the so-called "rank-and-file liberals" who saw Nader negatively after the election and pointed that Public Citizen , the organization Nader founded in , had a new fundraising problem in its own founder, citing a drop in contributions.

Public Citizen—and the other groups that Mr. When exit pollers asked voters how they would have voted in a two-way race, Bush actually won by a point.

That was better than he did with Nader in the race. In an online article published by Salon. According to Hightower, , self-described liberals in Florida voted for Bush, while fewer than 34, voted for Nader.

In their book The Nightly News Nightmare: Robert Lichter alleged most media outlets influenced the outcome of the election through the use of horse race journalism.

Peter Hart and Jim Naureckas, two commentators for Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting FAIR , called the media "serial exaggerators" and alleged that several media outlets were constantly exaggerating criticism of Gore: This is the election that fixed red as a color for the Republican party and blue for the Democrats.

The New York Times used these colors on their full-color election maps. Senior graphics editor Archie Tse, decided that as Republican started with an R then red "was a more natural association".

Prior to that color coding choices were inconsistent across the media. In , in its first election map on air, NBC used bulbs that turned red for Carter-won states Democratic , and blue for Ford Republican.

However the NBC format did not catch on long term, the media did not follow suit. The unusually long election helped to cement red and blue as colors in the collective mind.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from United States presidential election, For related races, see United States elections. Presidential election results map.

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United States presidential election debates, Bush-Cheney and Gore-Lieberman supporters protest. United States portal Politics portal s portal. Retrieved August 18, Here Is The City.

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Archived from the original on March 15, Retrieved May 23, The Nightly News Nightmare: How the press exaggerated Al Gores exaggerations". Archived from the original on November 15, Retrieved 11 August General election results Florida results.

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