The researchers, led by paleontologist Feng Tang of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences in Beijing, believe that Eoandromeda is the ancient ancestor of modern ocean dwellers known as comb jellies — gelatinous creatures similar to jellyfish, but rounder and with eight rows of iridescent paddles along their sides. If they are right, it would be the oldest known fossil of a comb jelly. And that would support a rewrite of the animal tree.

Comb jellies sit alongside two other major groups near the base of the tree, but their relative positions remain contentious. Normally, sponges are identified as the first to evolve, followed by the cnidaria — jellyfish, sea anemones and their kin — and then by the comb jellies.

” Eoandromeda puts a little piece of weight in favour of a more basal position for comb jellies,” says Stefan Bengtson, a palaeontologist at the Swedish Museum of Natural History and a co-author on the paper.

Family squabbles

That evidence comes from the fossil’s shape: it has octoradial symmetry, meaning its body can be sliced into eight identical pieces. This is in stark contrast to modern comb jellies, which, like humans, flies and sea anemones, have biradial or bilateral symmetry — their body plan can be sliced into only two identical pieces.

If Eoandromeda appeared after the cnidarians, the authors argue, bilateral symmetry would have to have evolved twice — once for the cnidarians and again for the bilateral organisms that came after Eoandromeda. Far simpler is the idea that Eoandromeda evolved first (see [picture] ‘Simplest solution’). “This model of animal relationships calls for the least number of origins of bilateral symmetry,” says Bengtson.

The proposal is in tune with DNA studies that place comb jellies closer to the root of the evolutionary tree. “It’s great to have concordance between what these guys see in the fossil record and what’s coming out of the genome,” says Andy Baxevanis, a genomicist at the National Human Genome Research Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. His team recently sequenced the genome of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi, and is now comparing it to sequences from sponges, cnidarians, worms and other animals to sort out which lineages came first. So far, he says, the results suggest that sponges and comb jellies appeared before cnidarians.

ScienceDaily (Apr. 18, 2012) — Jellyfish are increasing in the majority of the world’s coastal ecosystems, according to the first global study of jellyfish abundance by University of British Columbia researchers: here.