PAF - View and Moderate Result

View Results

Limit

The limit is used to highlight groups where there is disagreement between members with the scores allocated to individuals. The deeper the yellow highlighting the greater the disagreement.

The default limit is 15% i.e. groups with SAPAs or Ratios of more than 1.15 and less than 0.85. (Refer below for how SAPAs and Ratios are calculated)

Limit Example

In the selected group there is disagreement with

The score assigned to Katherine from Katrina (52) when compared to the scores assigned to Katherine from the other group members (66, 63, 70, 70, 66),

The score Robert assigned himself (85) when compare to the scores assigned to him by the other group members (68, 70, 71, 82, 65)

There is a large variation in the scores assigned to Mathew (64, 64, 48, 48, 30, 67)

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View Total Marks

The total marks individual students receive from other group member are shown in the Total Marks section.

View Total Marks Example

In the below example group members had divide 100 points between all group members for each of four criteria.

Mary Savin in the 3rd row received a total mark of 67 from Daryl Luyton in the 2nd column.

View Scores and Comments

To view all the marks and feedback an individual group member received click on their name in appropriate row.

To view all the marks and feedback an individual group member gave to other group members click on their name in the appropriate column.

Moderate Results

All results should be moderated before being used to adjust individual student assignment marks. Refer to the PAF Moderation Case Studies guide for examples of how to moderate PAFs.

Refer below for information on the purpose of PAFs, SAPAs and Ratios and how they are calculated.

Recommendation: It is recommended during the moderation process that all student results are checked.

Tip: The use yellow highlights (based on the Limit) to identify groups where there is disagreement between members with the scores allocated to individuals. You may wish to change the limit to 10%.

Warning: It is important that you can justify PAFs if they are contested.

Remove all scores assigned by a student

Uncheck the checkbox next to the student name to remove all the scores they assigned to group members.

The PAF and SAPA will be recalculated and displayed in the New PAF and New SAPA columns.

Click on the Save Changes button.

Remove individual scores

Uncheck the checkbox next to the required score/s.

The PAF and SAPA will be recalculated and displayed in the New PAF and New SAPA columns.

Click on the Save Changes button.

Tip: Check unusual PAFs (and SAPAs and Ratios) by taking into account all of the contributing factors including the comments that students gave for their division of points. Tutors may also be able to provide supporting knowledge for unusual PAFs. In some cases it may be necessary to meet with groups or individual students to check on the contributions of group members to the assignment / project.

Tip: You may wish to limit PAFs to 1.10. All PAFs of 1.06 should be checked, PAFs great than 1.06 you may wish to lower (by removing high scores). Similarly all PAFs of 0.94 should be checked, PAFs lower than 0.94 you may wish to increase (by removing low scores).

PAF (Peer Assessment Factor)

The PAF is a number that is calculated to represent an individual student’s contribution to a group assignment. After the student responses have been moderated the PAF can be used to calculate individual student assignment marks using the formula:

Student individual mark = PAF x Group assignment mark

Add all the scores a student receives.

Multiple the number of criteria by 100.

Divide 1 by 2.

PAF Calculation Example

In the below example group members had divide 100 points between all group members for each of four criteria.

Mary Savin’s total scores = 68 + 67 + 70 +77 +75 + 67 = 424

Criteria total = 4 x 100 = 400

Mary Savin’s PAF = 424 /400 = 1.06

Interpretation of the Peer Assessment Factor (PAF)

A student who pulls their own weight in a team and who does similar amounts of work to everyone else will achieve a peer assessment factor (PAF) of 1.0.

Students who lead the team and who are recognised as putting in extra work will achieve a PAF of above 1.0. It should be noted that in order for students to reward someone that they believe is doing extra work, they have to take points from another student who may not be ‘free riding’ but who is perceived to not be doing quite as much as the rest of the team. Therefore it is quite common for students to receive PAFs slightly below 1.0 but not to be in danger of failing as their group members have ‘robbed Peter to pay Paul’.

PAF

Recommendation

Comments

>1.5

Alarm! Team failure

Something has gone wrong – either there is a student who is not participating at all or this student has taken all the work home and done it by themselves. Either way, learning objectives are probably not being achieved.

1.15 - 1.5

Super Leader

The team balance probably needs to be addressed as to achieve such a high score other students must not be participating or this student is doing far too much.

1.05 - 1.5

Leader

The student is showing definite leadership qualities and/or has been putting in significant extra effort.

1.00 - 1.05

Good teamwork

The student is working well with the group and has been recognised as pulling their weight (1.00) and perhaps a little more (>1.00).

0.95 - 1.00

Acceptable teamwork

This student has probably only been penalised because another team member has shown leadership and put in extra effort.

0.85 - 0.95

Social Loafer

Any PAF below 0.95 is unacceptable. Social loafers who lie in this band can usually be mentored with the group’s help and become productive members of the group.

0.75 - 0.85

Super Social Loafer

As above and below.

<0.75

Alarm! Individual failure!

The individual is in grave danger of failing the course. Much work is required for this student to be accepted back into the group and there will be trust issues with allocating this student any work.

PAF use Example

i.e. If the group assignment receives a mark of 80 and students receive PAFs of

Student 1: 0.85

Student 2: 1.00

Student 3: 1.05

Student 4: 0.95

Student 1’s assignment mark = 0.85 x 80 = 68

Student 2’s assignment mark = 1.00 x 80 = 80

Student 3’s assignment mark = 1.10 x 80 = 88

Student 4’s assignment mark = 0.95 x 80 = 76

PAF Formula

The PAF is calculated by the sum of all scores attributed to a student individual by the number of criteria multiplied by 100.

The above formula assumes all students have completed the assessment. If a student has not completed the assessment the equation becomes:

SAPAs (Self Assessment over Peer Assessment)

The SAPA (self assessment over peer assessment) gives an indication of how realistically students judge their individual contribution to a group project. It compares the score a student allocates themselves against the average that all the other students have given them. The SAPA can also be used to highlight students who are trying to “game” the system.

High SAPAs can give students unfairly high PAFs and low SAPAs can reduce a student’s PAF unfairly.

SAPA Calculation

Total score student allocated themselves.

Total scores other students allocated the student / number of other group members.

Divide 1 by 2.

Example SAPA Calculation

The score Robert assigned himself (85) does not agree with that assigned to him by other group members. i.e. SAPA ratio of 1.19.

= The score Robert assigned himself divided by the average score from Katherine + Daryl + Mary + Katrina + Mathew

= 85 divided by (68 + 70 + 71+ 82 + 65) / 5

= 85 divided by 71.2

= 1.19

Interpretation of the SAPA

A student who pulls their own weight in a team and who does similar amounts of work to everyone else will achieve a peer assessment factor (PAF) of 1.0.

Students who lead the team and who are recognised as putting in extra work will achieve a PAF of above 1.0. It should be noted that in order for students to reward someone that they believe is doing extra work, they have to take points from another student who may not be ‘free riding’ but who is perceived to not be doing quite as much as the rest of the team. Therefore it is quite common for students to receive PAFs slightly below 1.0 but not to be in danger of failing as their group members have ‘robbed Peter to pay Paul’.

PAF

Comments

>1.0

Indicates that the student believes they do more in the group assignment / project than their group members think.The student may also be trying to “game” the system to improve their PAF.

1.0

Student has a realistic judgement of their contribution to the group assignment / project.

<1.0

Indicates the student undervalues their contribution to the group assignment / project.

SAPA Formula

The SAPA (self assessment over peer assessment) gives an indication of how realistically students judge their individual contribution to a group project. It compares the score a student allocates themselves against the average that all the other students have given them. The SAPA can also be used to highlight students who are trying to “game” the system.

The SAFA is the score that the student has given themselves over the average that all the other students have given them.

Individual v Average Ratio

As for SAPAs, Ratios provide a comparison of how a student views another’s input compared to how the rest of the group sees their input. In the moderation process, Ratios are used to see where students may have unfairly increased or decreased another student’s PAF.

Ratio Calculation

Total score assigned to student B by student A.

Total scores other students besides student A allocated the student B / number of other group members.

Divide 1 by 2.

Example Ratio Calculation

The score received by Katherine Collyer (52) from Katrina Turner does not agree with scores assigned to her by other group members. i.e. Individual v Average ratio of 0.77

= Score from Katrina divided by the average score from Katherine + Daryl + Mary + Robert + Mathew

= 52 divided by (66 + 63 +70+70 +66) / 5

= 52 divided by 67.4

= 0.77

Interpretation of Ratio

Ratio

Comments

>1.0

Student A values the works of Student B more than the rest of the group and this is common between friends.

1.0

Student A agrees with the rest of the group members on Student B’s contribution to the assignment.

<1.0

A ratio less than 1.0 indicates that Student A may have a personal conflict with Student B and undervalues their contribution.

Ratio Formula

All individual scores assigned to a student are also compared those assigned by the rest of the group. The Ratio is calculated the same way as the SAPA.