Title: ISLAM The True Message Of Moses, Jesus and Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Them)

1ISLAMThe True MessageOf Moses, Jesus and Muhammad(Peace Be Upon Them)

Nabil Abdus-Salam Haroun

2Contents

Chapter 1 Historical Background

Chapter 2 There is no god but Allah

Chapter 3 Allah has no son

Chapter 4 The humanity of Jesus

Chapter 5 Muhammad the prophecy of Moses and Jesus

Conclusion

3Chapter One

Historical Background

4

The human mind is the device through which man can explore the surrounding world, and transform whatever his senses (hearing, sight, touch and smell) perceive into ideas and meanings.

5

These ideas and meanings, then, undergo sophisticated analytical processes that enable man to hold them as indisputable beliefs.

6

The most important of these beliefs, one that has occupied the human mind since creation, which is concerned with the vast surrounding cosmos its creation, essence, beginning and destination--matters that cannot be perceived by mans limited faculties.

7

We can only see objects emanating light in the wavelength range of 4 to 7 X10-7 meters. We can hear clearly only those sounds in the frequency range of 2500 to 4000 per second.

8

So, we can neither hear nor see beyond these sound or light ranges, even if the objects or sounds are within range of vision or hearing, and even if they live or move around or within us.

9

If we look into space with our naked eyes or through telescopes, or if we try to hear the sounds from the outer space with our ears or via certain detectors.

10

(e.g., wireless receivers), we would find out that our sight and hearing are time-limited by the speed of light and electromagnetic waves.

11

As we look further into space, such forms of radiation take longer and longer periods of time to reach the earth.

12

While the light of the sun, the star nearest to earth, takes 8 minutes to reach us, the light of other distant stars takes many light-years (this means that we see their light years later).

13

Other distant galaxies are millions or billions of light-years away from earth. Thus our senses and devices however advanced - cannot and will not detect all that is going on in the universe right now.

14

It is likely that there have been many momentous events that started and ended unknown to us, before we could detect their aftermath in the course of time - be it short or long.

15

Thus are mans affairs when compared to the Almightys Omnipotence and absolute infinitude of Attributes, time, space, and creation.

16

Allahs infinitude is self-evident and can be perceived by a sound mind that acknowledges the existence of an Infinite Creator to the universe.

17

Allah is the First from time immemorial and the Everlasting.

18

Today modern science has disclosed only a minute portion of the infinity of space in the boundless vastness of the universe that leads to unknown horizons.

19

Whenever we look into space and see celestial bodies or phenomena which are thousands or millions of light-years from earth, we actually see what was there thousands or millions of years ago.

20

Therefore, it is theoretically impossible to understand the current state of outer space, regardless of whatever scientific or theoretical progress we have made, or could be made in future.

21

The dazzling diversity of structure and functions of millions of creatures on earth which are composed themselves of billions of cells, genes, compounds, and atoms -

22

Is a sign of the infiniteness and diversity of creation in billions of celestial bodies as well, that no one but Allah knows.

23

If this is so, we come to the conclusion that our minds alone cannot by themselves conjecture the universe its creator, limits, beginning and future, which in turn means that our minds alone will not be guided to any absolute truth.

24

Allahs favor, thus, was extended to man, first by endowing him with existence, mind, and senses, then by guiding him to true religion through divine messages and messengers.

25

Messengers were backed by sensate miracles so that men might trust them and believe in the omnipotence of the Creator.

26

When mans logic became sophisticated enough to be convinced through argumentation and intellectual texts, the divine scriptures were revealed i.e., the Torah, the Bible and the Quran.

27

The last of which, the Quran, was the only divine book preserved by Allah, to stand as permanent logical and intellectual evidence till the Day of Judgment.

28

Divine scriptures share the same essence Monotheism, the guiding path of Allah.

29

They all address reason, disenchant it of ignorance and whims, and propose logic-based argumentation as a standard method for guidance and convincing.

30

They unfetter man from thoughtlessly following the beliefs of his clan, tribe, fathers, or elders.

31

Mans limited mind satisfies itself with perceivable matters and refrains from the great unseen facts that are beyond mans perception.

32

Many tend to adore idols, pictures or certain human beings.

33

Others hold these idols as sacred means of nearness to Allah.

34

Nothing can free man from such narrow-mindedness except Allahs guidance, revealed through chosen messengers to all nations throughout history.

35

These messengers were aided by sensate and logical proofs that suited each stage of the development of the human mind.

36

The first proofs took the form of physical, visible miracles and supernatural events that affected former nations.

37

When the impact of these miracles vanished with the passage of time, man reverted to his limited conceptions and inclinations.

38

Gradually, the human mind reached enough sophistication to receive an everlasting proof that would gain more solidity and clarity as science progressed.

39

It was time for the completion of Allahs guidance to His creatures on our tiny planet earth, and for the sealing of prophethood.

40

Allahs message is one, in spite of the differences of time and place through which it was conveyed.

41

The mission of all prophets was one and the same, and every one of them confirmed and renewed the message of his predecessors.

42

Thus the final message came as a completion and confirmation of all previous messages.

43

Allah has preserved it both in letter and spirit ever since it was revealed, and will till the end of time.

44

The Holy Quran began to be revealed, and continued to be sent over a period of twenty-three years.

45

The prophet (peace be upon him) and many of the Companions learned all the verses of the Quran, every syllable of it, by heart.

46

Leather and palm tree stocks were used to record the Quran. Whenever a verse was revealed, Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) dictated its words to a scribe.

47

The Prophet used to instruct the scribe about the sequence in which a revealed message was to be placed in a particular Surah (chapter).

48

In this manner, the Holy Prophet continued to systematically arrange the text of the revealed Quran till the end of the chain of revelations.

49

After the death of the Prophet, the first Caliph, Abu Bakr, assembled all the Huffazh (memorizers of the Holy Quran), among whom was Zayd Ibn Thabit, to compile the written records of the Holy Quran, and with their help the whole text was put in book form.

50

The Holy Quran would be read back to them to make sure it was correctly written.

51

In the time of Uthman seven copies of this original version were made, after reviewing them by the Huffazh, and officially dispatched to the capitals of the Islamic World.

52

At least one of these copies still exists in Tashkent from which several copies were made.

53

These copies are typical of all the books of the Quran, memorized and recited by all Muslims everywhere since the time of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) till the present time.

54

Both the Torah and the Gospels differ significantly from the Holy Quran with regard to the process of recording.

55

The recording of what had been revealed to Moses did not start until three centuries following his mission (1300 BC).

56

A process of recording, changing, and inserting many human-written texts to the Torah continued for about 1000 years thereafter until the latest text of the Torah was fixed in the 5th century A.D.

57

It is ascribed to Saint Ibronimas and is known as the Vulgate Edition, which is believed to be derived from texts called the Masury, made up of Hebrew and Samiri texts, which were lost in the 3rd century.

58

In the Torah, Allahs words were mingled with an enormous body of writings related to the legislative, political, literary, historical, and folk heritage of the Israelites.

59

These writings formed most of the Bible known to Christians as the Old Testament.

60

It includes the Pentateuch Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy, in addition to books of history, poetry and wisdom and the books of the prophets sent to the Israelites.

61

They amount to thirty-eight books written by different mostly unknown authors at different ages along more than thousand years.

62

The Gospels of Jesus were believed to have been originally recorded in Aramaic, but no part survived.

63

At the end of the 1st century A.D. and during the 2nd century A.D., the recording of the Gospels started again, which included the biography of Jesus and his teachings as told by narrators.

64

The Gospels thus have more in common with the Prophet Muhammads biography (Sirah) and tradition (Hadith) than with a divinely revealed text

65

Such as the Qur'an and the original (unavailable) Books that were revealed to the prophets Moses and Jesus.

66

It is historically proven that there were tens of Gospels until the 4th century A.D. when the Emperor Constantine convened the Nicean Communion in 326 A.D. to settle the disagreement between the monotheists, who believed in the manhood of Jesus and were a majority, and the party who claimed the divinity of Jesus.

67

The latter party won over the monotheists after the monotheists were forced to withdraw. As centuries passed, all Gospels were discarded except the four Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John.

68

Christian theologians and historical analysts studied the history of the recording of the Gospels and identification of their sources through comparing the events, phrases, and styles occurring in the four Gospels and within each Gospel, and by referring to other religious and historical texts.

69

It is believed that the four Gospels were derived, with equivocal degrees, from older unknown documents and in turn through other intermediary documents which also disappeared.

70

As for the Gospel of Matthew, studies revealed that it might have been written in the year 90 A.D. by Matthew, the tax collector, or some other Matthew, not Matthew the apostle and disciple of Jesus.

71

It is believed that most of this book was derived from an ancient unknown document and another intermediary document attributed to Mark.

72

Regarding the Gospel of Mark, there has been considerable controversy as to whether its writer was one of the seven disciples.

73

Was he an Egyptian carrying the same name? Was he Mark, the cousin of the disciple Barnabas? Was he a companion of Peter in Rome?

74

It is believed that this Gospel was written around the year 70 A.D. in a Greek church in Syria or Asia Minor.

75

According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the author of the Gospel of Mark is anonymous.

76

And perhaps the author of the Gospel of Luke was Luke the disciple of Paul during the early 2nd century A.D.

77

It is also believed that he was the author of Acts, one of the books of the New Testament.

78

Probably some of its content was derived from the two Gospels of Matthew and Mark, in addition to the teachings of Paul and some other unknown references.

79

The Gospel of John differs greatly from the other three Gospels in its excessive tendency to establish the divinity of Jesus.

80

Some researchers believe that it was written exclusively to advance this dogma. Further, historical analysis of the text of this Gospel casts many doubts regarding its author.

81

According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the author of this Gospel was not John the disciple of Jesus, but rather a scholar in the Church of Alexandria who was influenced by the Greek philosophy that claimed polytheism.

82

The four Gospels authorized by all Christian churches, together with the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles of Paul, Jacob, John, and the Revelation of John form what is called the New Testament.

83

It comprises twenty books and epistles written by different authors.

84

At the beginning of this century the Gospel of Barnabas, one of the Twelve Disciples of Jesus, was discovered.

85

It was found that a version of this Gospel had been in the Popes library since 383 A.D., being listed among the banned books.

86

Another version of it was transferred to the public library in Vienna, where it has been kept until today.

87

In 1907 Oxford University published an English version of this Gospel (Clarendon Print) which was rendered into English by a translator named Raj.

88

While the version has disappeared from the market, two English versions remain in the British Museum Library and the Library of the Congress in Washington D.C.

89

Taking this version as their source, Dr. Khalil Saadah (1908) and Ahmad Tahir (1980) translated the Gospel of Barnabas into Arabic.

90

Hence, we encounter a great deal of ambiguity covering the relation between the recent texts of the Old and New Testaments and what was originally revealed by Allah to His prophets Moses and Jesus (peace be upon them).

91

Both fall, in authenticity, far behind the Quran, no word or letter of which has ever been changed.

92

Even more, neither the Old nor the New Testaments has been subject to as much historical verification as that of the Prophets tradition (Sunnah)

93

i.e., to assure the continuity of the chain of transmission without any interruption up to the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) and to satisfy the condition that each narrator in the chain should be contemporary with the one from whom he narrated and actually met in person, and that all narrators were acknowledged as accurate and just, not to mention other conditions stated in the books of Hadith.

94

In this review, we will basically refer to texts in the Old and New Testaments acknowledged by the Jews and Christians together with the Gospel of Barnabas

95

Being the only available historical texts that recount what the prophets Moses and Jesus (peace be upon them) called for

96

For there is no way to seek the original texts of the Torah and the Bible in the exact form in which they were revealed.

97

Throughout the book, it will become clear that all the prophets mentioned in these texts have come with the same message submission (in Arabic 'Islam') to Allah, the One and Only, and following His legislation.

98

The word Judaism, on the other hand, was not mentioned by any of the prophets of the Israelites in the Old Testament.

99

It was derived from the word Judas, one of the twelve sons of Jacob. Moses was one of the descendants of Lawi, one of Jacobs sons.

100

Similarly, Jesus in the New Testament did not mention the word "Christianity".

101

His followers created it after his ascension. In the Acts of the Apostles, Paul said "... And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch." (Acts 1126).

102

Also Agribas II mentioned it in his Epistle to Paul "Almost thou persuadest" me to be a Christian (Acts 2628). Peter also said"Yet if any man suffer as a Christian, let him not be ashamed.... " (I Peter 4 16).

103

Consequently, saying that Abraham, the father of the prophets, was a Jew or a Christian is false.

104

Allah said in the Holy Quran (English meaning)

Or say you that Ibrahim (Abraham). Ismail (Ishmael),Ishaq (Isaac), Yaqub (Jacob) and Al-Asbat the offspring of the twelve sons of Yaqub (David) were Jews or Christians? Say,Do you know better or does Allah (know better that they all were Muslims)? (2140)

105

He also said (English meaning)

Ibrâhim (Abraham) was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was a true Muslim Hanifa (Islâmic Monotheism - to worship none but Allâh Alone) and he was not of Al-Mushrikûn (367)

106

Moses was not sent with Judaism, nor was Jesus sent with Christianity.

107

They came with the sole religion of Allah, Islam. Allah says in the Holy Quran (English meaning)

108

Truly, the religion with Allâh is Islâm. Those who were given the Scripture (Jews and Christians) did not differ except, out of mutual jealousy, after knowledge had come to them. And whoever disbelieves in the Ayât (proofs, evidences, verses, signs, revelations, etc.) of Allâh, then surely, Allâh is Swift in calling to account. (319)

109

This book is an invitation to consider in depth the present texts of the Torah, the Gospels and the Quran concerning monotheism (Tawhid)

110

i.e. the Oneness of Allah who begets not, nor was He begotten, rejecting all claims of associating other gods with Him.

111

It is also an attempt to grasp the connection between the three divine messages Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

112

We shall see that they are all in essence a prolongation of the monotheism called for by Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him), and that both the Torah and the Gospels carried tidings of the approach of the sealing message of Muhammad (peace be upon him) and its spread throughout the universe.

113

In the Quran these meanings are outlined in the following examples (English meaning)

Say ye "We believe in Allah, and the revelation given to us, and to Abraham, Isma'il, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, and that given to Moses and Jesus, and that given to (all) Prophets from their Lord we make no difference between one and another of them and we bow to Allah (in Islam)." (2136)

114

And argue not with the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians), unless it be in (a way) that is better (with good words and in good manner, inviting them to Islâmic Monotheism with His Verses), except with such of them as do wrong, and say (to them) "We believe in that which has been revealed to us and revealed to you our Ilâh (God) and your Ilâh (God) is One (i.e. Allâh), and to Him we have submitted (as Muslims)." (2946)

115

Say (O Muhammad SAW) "O people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) Come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allâh, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allâh. Then, if they turn away, say "Bear witness that we are Muslims." (364)

116Chapter Two

There is no god but Allah

117A- Texts from the Old Testament

And God spoke all these words I am the Lord your God, who brought, you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery. You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them (Exodus 201-5)

118

Do not worship any other god, for the Lord, whose name is a jealous, God. (Exodus 3414)

119

Acknowledge and take to heart this day that the Lord is God in heaven above and on the earth below. There is no other. (Deuteronomy 439)

120

You shall have no other gods before me. You shall not make for yourself an idolin the form of anything in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. You shall not bow down to them or worship them. (Deuteronomy 57 8)

121

Hear, O Israel The Lord our God, the Lord is one. (Deuteronomy 64)

122

If you ever forget the Lord your God and follow other gods worship and bow down to them, I testify against you today you will surely be destroyed. (Deuteronomy 819)

123

Be careful, or you will be enticed to turn away and worship other gods and bow down to them. (Deuteronomy1116)

124

The curse if you disobey the commands of the Lord your God and turn from the way that I command you today by following other gods, which you have not known (Deuteronomy 1128)

125

See now that I myself am He! There is no god besides me. I put to death and I bring to life. (Deuteronomy 3239)

126 B- Texts from the Gospels

Jesus said to him, Away from me, Satan! For it is written Worship the Lord your God, and him only. (Matthew 410)

127

And he said unto him Why do you call me good? There is none good but one, that is God (Matthew 1917)

128

Why do you call me good? Jesus answered. No one is good except God alone. (Mark 1018)

129

The most important one, answered Jesus, is this Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one. (Mark 1229)

130

Well said, teacher, the man replied. You are right in saying that God is one and there is no other but him. (Mark 1232)

131

Why do you call me good? Jesus answered. No one is good except God alone. (Luke 1819)

And let your words be these O Lord our God, hallowed be thy holy name, thy kingdom come in us, thy will be done always, and as it is done in heaven so be it done in earth give us the bread for every day, and forgive us our sins, as we forgive them that sin against us, and suffer us not to fall into temptations, but deliver us from evil, for thou art alone our God, to whom pertaineth glory and honor for ever.(Barnabas 37)

134

Said Jesus It is written there that our God is everywhere, and that there is not any other god but he, who striketh down and maketh whole, and doeth all that pleaseth him. (Barnabas 95)

135

God is so immeasurable that I tremble to describe him. But it is necessary that I make unto you a proposition. (Barnabas 105)

136

The disciples answered They say that there is one God alone and that thou art God' s prophet. Jesus answered with joyful countenance Blessed be the holy name of God (Barnabas 126)

137

To sum up, the trinity was not mentioned by Jesus (Peace be upon him) in the Gospels. It was mentioned only in the part from the New Testament concerned with the dream of John

138

"For there are three that bear record in heaven the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost and these three are one. And there are three that bear witness in earth the spirit, and the water, and the blood and these three agree in one." (I John 5 7-8).

139

This statement, which contradicts with the texts of both the Old and New Testaments, was omitted while revising the new English editions.

140Quranic verses (English meaning)

Or were you witnesses when death approached Yaqub (Jacob)? When he said unto his sons, "What will you worship after me?" They said, "We shall worship your Ilah (God - Allah), the Ilah (God) of your fathers, Ibrahim (Abraham), Ismail (Ishmael), Ishaq (Isaac), One Ilah (God), and to Him we submit (in Islam)." (Surah Al-Baqarah Verse No. 133)

141

They say "Become Jews or Christians if you would be guided (to salvation)." Say thou "Nay! (I would rather) the Religion of Abraham, the True, and he joined not gods with Allah. (Surah Al-Baqarah Verse No. 135)

142

Say "O People of the Book! Come to common terms as between us and you that we worship none but Allah that we associate no partners with Him that we erect not, from among ourselves, lords and patrons other than Allah." If then they turn back, say you "Bear witness that we (at least) are Muslims (bowing to Allah's Will). (Surah Al-Imran Verse No. 64)

143

Surely, disbelievers are those who said "Allah is the third of the three (in a Trinity)." But there is no ilah (god) (none who has the right to be worshipped) but One Ilah (God -Allah). And if they cease not from what they say, verily, a painful torment will befall the disbelievers among them. (Surah Al-Maidah Verse No. 73)

144

Say He is Allah, the One and Only Allah, the Eternal, Absolute He begets not, nor is He begotten and there is none like unto Him. (Surah Al-Ikhlas Verses Nos. 1-4)

145

These are some examples of the multitude of statements and arguments for the Oneness of Allah, everywhere in the Quranic text.

146ISLAMThe True MessageOf Moses, Jesus and Muhammad(Peace Be Upon Them)

Nabil Abdus-Salam Haroun

147Chapter Three

Allah has no son

148

It is not befitting for Allah the One and Self-Sufficient to take a wife or a son. Neither is it befitting for Jesus (peace be upon him) to claim that he was the Son of God.

149

Such claims were not established until the 4th century A.D., meaning that they could not be attributed to the disciples of Jesus who, rather, resisted this idea from its first appearance.

150

In this chapter we will deal with many quotations from the Old Testament and the Gospels which hint, literally or by connotation, at the notion that Jesus was the Son of God.

151

We will clarify to the reader that such phrases are merely metaphorical, since it is not Jesus alone who was addressed in this manner.

152

Other prophets such as Adam and Jacob, the disciples of Jesus, and mankind in general--were also addressed in the same words.

153

There is not a certain quotation or evidence that refers to an exceptional relation between Allah and Jesus.

154

It was the Will of Allah, the Almighty, to create him without a father, just as He created Adam without a father or a mother with His word Be.

155Texts from the Old Testament

When men began to increase in number on the earth and daughters were born to them, the sons of God saw that the daughters of men...-And also afterward -when the sons of God went to the daughters of men.(Genesis 61-4)

156

Then say to Pharaoh, This is what the Lord says Israel is my firstborn son. (Exodus 422)

157

You are the children of the Lord your God. (Deuteronomy 141)

158Texts from the Psalms of David

I will declare the decree the Lord hath said unto me David 'Thou art my son this day have I begotten thee (Psalm 27).

159Texts from the New Testament

That you may be sons of your Father in heaven. (Matthew 545)

160

Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God. (Matthew 59)

161

In the same way, let your light shine before men, that they may see your good deeds and praise your Father in heaven. (Matthew 516)

162

Be careful not to do your acts of righteousness before men, to be seen by them. If you do, you will have no reward from your Father in heaven. (Matthew 61)

163

So that your giving may be in secret. Then your Father, Who sees what is done in secret, in secret, will reward you. (Matthew 64)

164

But when you pray, go into your room, close the door and pray to your Father, who is unseen. (Matthew 66)

165

Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask him. (Matthew 68)

166

After this manner therefore pray ye Our Father which art heaven, Hallowed be thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen. (Matthew 69-13)

167

For if you forgive men when they sin against you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. But if you do not forgive men their sins, your Father will not forgive your sins. (Matthew 614-15)

168

But when you fast, put oil on your head and wash your face, so that it will not be obvious to men that you are fasting, but only to your Father, who is unseen and your father who sees what is done in secret, will reward you. (Matthew 6017-18)

169

Look at the birds of the air they do not sow or reap or store away in barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. (Matthew 626)

170

For the pagans run after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them. (Matthew 632)

171

For it will not be you speaking, but the Spirit of your Father speaking through you. (Matthew 1020)

172

And do not call anyone on earth father, for you have one Father, which is in heaven. (Matthew 239)

173

And when you stand praying, if you hold anything against anyone, forgive him, so that your Father in heaven may forgive you your sins.

(Mark 1125 - 26)

174

Jesus said, Do not hold on to me, for I have not yet returned to the Father. Go instead to my brothers and tell them, I am returning to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God. (John 2017)

175

Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful. (Luke 636)

176

And he said unto them, When ye pray say, Our Father which art in heaven, (Luke 112)

177

For the pagan world runs after all such things, and your Father knows that you need them. (Luke 1230)

178

the son of Seth, the son of Adam, the son of God. (Luke 338)

179

Just as Jesus addressed his people figuratively as the sons of God, he used the same expression when referring to himself.

180

He also described himself as the Son of Man as is shown in the following quotations

181

No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven, nor the son, but only the Father. (Matthew 2436)

182

Jesus replied, Foxes have holes and birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has no place to lay his head. (Matthew 8 20)

183

Just as Moses lifted up the snake in the desert, so the Son of Man must be lifted up. (John 314)

184

So Jesus said, "When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am the one I claim to be and that I do nothing on my own but speak just what the Father has taught me. (John 8 28)

185

Jesus himself endeavored to correct such misconceptions and predicted the fallacies that would be ascribed to him

186

He hath had no beginning, nor will he ever have an end, but to everything hath he given a beginning, and to everything shall he give an end. He hath neither father nor mother. He hath no sons, nor brethren, nor companions. And because God hath no body. Therefore he eateth not, sleepeth not, dieth not walketh not. Moveth not, but abideth eternally without human similitude. (Barnabas 17)

187

And having said this, Jesus smote his face with both his hands, and then smote the ground with his head. And having raised his head, he said Cursed be every one who shall insert into my sayings that I am the Son of God. At these words the disciples fell down as dead , whereupon Jesus lifted them up, saying Let us fear God now, if we would not be affrighted in that day1. (Barnabas 53)

188

Jesus answered 'And ye what say ye that I am?' Peter answered 'Thou art Christ, son of God.' Then was Jesus angry, and with anger rebuked him, saying Begone and depart from me, because thou art the devil and seekest to cause me offence! (Barnabas 70)

189

do thou curse eternally every one that shall corrupt my Gospel that thou gavest me, when they write that I am thy son. For I, clay and dust, am servant of thy servants, and never have I thought myself to be thy good servant (Barnabas 212)

190Quranic verses (English meaning)

They say "Allah has begotten a son" Glory be to Him, nay, to Him belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth Everything renders worship to Him. (Surah Al-Baqarah - Verse No. 116)

191

The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam He created him from dust, then said to him "Be" and he was. (Surah Al-Imran - Verse No. 59)

192

Yet they make the Jinns equals with Allah, though Allah did create the Jinns and they falsely, having no knowledge, attribute to Him sons and daughters. Praise and glory be to Him! (For He is) above what they attribute to Him! To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth How can He have a son when He hath no consort? He created all things, and He hath full knowledge of all things. (Surah Al-Imran -Verses Nos. 100-101)

193

The Jews call Uzair a son of Allah, and the Christians call Christ the son of Allah. That is a saying from their mouth (in this) they but imitate what the Unbelievers of old used to say. Allah's curse be on them How they are deluded away from the Truth! (Surah At-Tawbah Verse No. 30)

194

They say, "Allah hath begotten a son!" Glory be to Him! He is Self-Sufficient! His are all things in the heavens and on earth! No warrant have yoy for this! Say you about Allah whatyouknow not? (Surah Yunus Verse No. 68)

195

Say "Praise be to Allah, Who begets no son, and has no partner in (His) dominion nor (needs) He any to protect Him from humiliation yea, magnify Him for His greatness and glory!" (Surah Al-Isra Verse No. 111

196

Further, that He may warn those (also) who say, "Allah hath begotten a son." No knowledge have they of such a thing, nor had their fathers. It is a grievous thing that issues from their mouths as a saying What they say is nothing but falsehood! (Surah Al-Kahf Verses Nos. 4-5)

197

Such (was) Jesus the son of Mary (it is) a statement of truth, about which they (vainly) dispute. It is not befitting to (the majesty of) Allah that He should beget a son. Glory be to Him! When He determines a matter, He only says to it, "Be," and it is. (Surah Maryam Verses Nos. 34-35)

198

They say "(Allah) Most Gracious has begotten a son!" Indeed you have put forth a thing most monstrous! As if the skies are ready to burst, the earth to split asunder, and the mountains to fall down in utter ruin. That they should invoke a son for (Allah) Most Gracious.

199

For it is not consonant with the majesty of (Allah) Most Gracious that He should beget a son. Not one of the beings in the heavens and the earth but must come to (Allah) Most Gracious as a servant. (Surah Maryam Verses Nos. 88-93)

200

And they say "(Allah) Most Gracious has begotten offspring." Glory to Him! They are (but) servants raised to honour. They speak not before He speaks, and they act (in all things) by His command. He knows what is before them, and what is behind them, and they offer no intercession except for those who are acceptable, and they stand in awe and reverence of His (glory).

201

If any of them should say, "I am a god besides Him," such a one We should reward with Hell thus do We reward those who do wrong. (Surah Al-Anbiya Verses Nos. 26-29)

202

No son did Allah beget, nor is there any god along with Him (if there were many gods), behold, each god would have taken away what he had created, and some would have Lorded it over others! Glory to Allah! (He is free) from the (sort of) things they attribute to Him! He knows what is hidden and what is open too high is He for the partners they attribute to Him! (Surah Al-Muminun Verses Nos. 91-92)

203

He to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth no son has He begotten, nor has He a partner in His dominion it is He Who created all things, and ordered them in due proportions. (Surah Al-Furqan Verse No. 2)

204

Is it not that they say from their own invention, "Allah has begotten children?" But they are liars! (Surah As-Saffat Verses Nos. 151-152)

205

Had Allah wished to take to Himself a son, He could have chosen whom He pleased out of those whom He doth create but Glory be to Him! (He is above such things.) He is Allah, the One, the Irresistible. (Surah Az-Zumar Verse No. 4)

206

Say "If (Allah) Most Gracious had a son, I would be the first to worship." Glory to the Lord of the heavens and the earth, the Lord of the Throne (of Authority)! (He is free) from the things they attribute (to Him)! (Surah Az-Zukhruf Verses Nos. 81-82)

207

And exalted is the Majesty of our Lord He has taken neither a wife nor a son. (Surah Al-Jinn Verse No. 3)

208

Say He is Allah, the One and Only (1) Allah, the Eternal, Absolute He begetteth not, nor is He begotten. (Surah Al-Ikhlas Verses Nos. 1-3)

209

The following Quranic verses (English meaning) confirm the similitude between the creation of Adam and that of Jesus

210

And (remember) her who guarded her chastity We breathed into her of Our Spirit, and We made her and her son a Sign for all peoples. (Surah Al-Anbiya Verse No. 91)

211

Behold, the Lord said to the angels "I am about to create man from clay (71) "When I have fashioned him (in due proportion) and breathed into him of My spirit, fallyoudown in obeisance unto him." (72) (Surah Sad Verse No. 71-72)

212

The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam He created him from dust, then said to him "Be" and he was. (Surah Al-Imran Verse No. 59)

213Chapter Four

The Humanity of Jesus

214

It is a well-established fact that both Moses and Muhammad (peace be upon them) were human beings. Jesus too lived a natural life that any other man might have lived.

215

The miraculous birth of Jesus without a father was a sign of Allahs might and His word Be, just as He created Adam from clay without a father or a mother by His command Be.

216

The following are some related quotations from the canonical and non-canonical Gospels and the Quran as proof of the humanity of Jesus

217A. The pregnancy of Mary and the birth of Jesus

Both the Gospels of Matthew and Luke attributed a lineage to Jesus which has hardly any relation to him.

218

Both ancestral lines stated in the two Gospels belong in fact to Joseph the Carpenter, the fiancé of Marry the Virgin. However, the two ancestral lines are quite different.

219

He went there to register with Mary, who was pledged to be married to him and was expecting a child. While they were there, the time came for the baby to be born, and she gave birth to her firstborn, a son. She wrapped him in cloths and placed him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn. (Luke 25-7)

220

On the eighth day, when it was time to circumcise him, he was named Jesus, the name the angel had given him before he had been conceived. (Luke 221)

221

When the eight days were fulfilled according to the law of the Lord, as it is written in the book of Moses, they took the child and carried him to the temple to circumcise him. And so they circumcised the child, and gave him the name Jesus (Barnabas 5)

222

And the child grew and became strong he was filled with wisdom, and the grace of God was upon him. (Luke 240)

223

And Jesus grew in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and men. (Luke 252)

224

As Jesus was saying these things, a woman in the crowd called out, Blessed is the mother who gave you birth and nursed you. (Luke 1127)

225B. His family and profession

Coming to his hometown, he began teaching the people in their synagogue, and they were amazed. Where did this man get this wisdom and these miraculous powers? they asked. Isnt this the carpenters son? Isnt his mothers name Mary, and arent his brothers James, Joseph, Simon and Judas? Arent all his sisters with us? Where then did this man get all these things? And they took offense at him. But Jesus said to them, Only in his hometown and in his own house is a prophet without honor. (Matthew 1355 57)

226

Where did this man get these things? they asked. Whats this wisdom that has been given him, that he even does miracles! Isnt this the carpenter? Isnt this Marys son and the brother of James, Joseph, Judas and Simon? Arent his sisters here with us? And they took offense at him. Jesus said to them, Only in his hometown, among his relatives and in his own house is a prophet without honor. (Mark 63 4)

227C. His riding

Say to the daughter of Zion, See, your king comes to you, gentle and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey. (Matthew 215)

228

Jesus found a young donkey and sat upon it, as it is written, Do not be afraid, O daughter of Zion see, your king is coming, seated on a donkeys colt. (John 12 14 15)

229D. His hunger and eating

After fasting forty days and forty nights, he was hungry. (Matthew 42)

230

The son of man came eating and drinking, and they say, Behold a man gluttonous(Matthew 1119)

231

Early in the morning, as he was on his way back to the city, he was hungry. (Matthew 2118)

232

The next day as they were leaving Bethany, Jesus was hungry. (Mark 1112)

233

Later, knowing that all was now completed, and so that the Scripture would be fulfilled, Jesus said, I am thirsty. (John 1928)

234

The Son of man came eating and drinking, and you say, Here is a gluttonous man (Luke 734)

235

He said to them, Why are you troubled, and why do doubts rise in your minds? Look at my hands and my feet. It is I myself! Touch me and see a ghost does not have flesh and bones, as you see I have. When he had said this, he showed them his hands and feet. And while they still did not believe it because of joy and amazement, he asked them, Do you have anything here to eat? They gave him a piece of broiled fish, and he took it and ate it in their presence. (Luke 2438-43)

236

And fasted forty days and forty nights, not eating anything day nor night, making continual supplication to the Lord for the salvation of his people to whom God had sent him. And when the forty days were passed he was an hungered. (Barnabas 14)

237

Jesus seated himself at the foot of the mountain, and they ate of the wild fruits, because they had not bread (Barnabas 43)

238

While Jesus was supping with his disciples in the house of Simon the leper. (Barnabas 205)

239E. His fatigue and sleep

Jesus replied, Foxes have holes and birds of the air have nests, but the son of man has no place to lay his head. (Matthew 820) (Luke 958)

240

But Jesus was sleeping. The disciples went and woke him. (Matthew 824 25)

241

As they sailed, he fell asleep. (Luke 823)

Jesus was in the stern, sleeping on a cushion. The disciples woke him. (Mark 438)

242

And Jesus, tired as he was from the journey, sat down by the well. (John 46)

243

And Jesus was sleeping upon the prow of the ship. Then drew near to him his disciples, and awoke him, (Barnabas 20)

244F. His weeping, astonishment and fear

He took Peter and the two sons of Zebedee along with him, and he began to be sorrowful and troubled. (Matthew 2637-38)

245

He took Peter, James and John along with him, and he began to be deeply distressed and troubled. My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death, he said to them. Stay here and keep watch. (Mark 1433 34)

246

When Jesus saw her weeping, and the Jews who had come along with her also weeping, he was deeply moved in spirit and troubled. (John 1133)

247

Jesus wept. (John 1135)

Jesus, once more deeply moved (John 1138)

248

While Jesus was speaking the disciples wept bitterly. And Jesus wept many tears. (Barnabas 58)

249G. Like other prophets, Jesus miracles were by Allahs leave.

Like other human beings such as the prophets and the righteous, Allah the Almighty supported Jesus (peace be upon him) with some miracles by His leave to confirm his prophethood. The Following are some of these miracles

250-Blessing food

As mentioned in the Old Testament, Elisha (a Hebrew Prophet) too had the merit of blessing the food

251

"So he set it before them, and they did eat, and left thereof, according to the word of the Lord." (II Kings 444)

252

Elisha also secured the increase of a widow's oil and he said to her

"Go, sell the oil, and pay thy debt, and live thou and thy children of the rest." (II Kings 47)

253

This was also the case with Elijah (a.k.a. Elias)

"And the barrel of meal wasted not neither did the cruse of oil fail, according to the word of the Lord, which he spake by Elijah." (I Kings 1716).

254

"And the ravens brought him Elijah bread and flesh in the morning, bread and flesh in the evening and he drank of the brook." (I Kings 176)

255-Healing the leper

Elisha was also granted this miracle

"Then went he Naaman down, and dipped himself seven times in Jordan, according to the saying of the man of God Elisha and his flesh came again like unto a flesh of a little child, and he was clean." (II Kings 514)

256-Healing the blind

Elisha had this miracle too

"And Elisha prayed, and said 'Lord, I pray thee, open his eyes, that he may see.' And the Lord opened the eyes of the young man and he saw ..." (Kings 617)

257

"And it came to pass, when they were come into Samaria, that Elisha said 'Lord, open the eyes of these men, that they may see.' And the Lord opened their eyes, and they saw and behold, they were in the midst of Samaria." (II Kings 620)

258-Bringing the dead back to life

Elijah was supported with this miracle by Allahs leave

"And the Lord heard the voice of Elijah and the soul of the child came into him again, and he revived." (I Kings 1722)

259

The same thing was done by Elisha

"And he Elisha went up, and lay upon the child, and put his mouth upon his mouth, and his eyes upon his eyes, and his hands upon his hands and he stretched himself upon the child and the flesh of the child waxed warm." (II Kings 434)

260-Walking on water

Moses parted the sea with his stick, and walked together with his followers on the water.

261H. He affirms his own humanity

As it is, you are determined to kill me, a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God. (John 840)

262

What things? he asked. About Jesus of Nazareth, they replied. He was a prophet, powerful in word and deed before God and all the people. (Luke 2419)

263

By myself I can do nothing I judge only as I hear. (John 530)

"I do nothing of myself" (John 828)

264

"But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men (Matthew 159)

265

The leper answered 'I know that thou, Lord, art a man, but an holy one of the Lord. Wherefore pray thou to God. and he will give me health. (Barnabas 11)

266

Then Jesus feared greatly, and tuning himself to God, said 'Take me from the world! O Lord, for the world is mad, and they well nigh call me God! (Barnabas 47)

267

Verily I say unto you that, speaking from the heart, I tremble because by the world I shall be called God, and for this I shall have to render an account. As God liveth, in whose presence my soul standeth, I am a mortal man as other men are, for although God has placed me as prophet over the house of Israel (Barnabas 52)

268

And having said this, Jesus said again 'I confess before heaven, and call to witness everything that dwelleth upon the earth, that I am a stranger to all that men have said of me, to wit that I am more than man. For I am a man, born of a woman, subject to the judgement of God that live here like as other men, subject to the common miseries. (Barnabas 94)

269

For that I am a visible man and a morsel of clay that walketh upon the earth, mortal, as are other men. And I have had a beginning, and shall have an end, and (am) such that I cannot create a fly over again. (Barnabas 95)

270

Jesus answered I am Jesus, son of Mary, of the seed of David, a man that is mortal and, I seek that to God be given honor and glory. (Barnabas 96)

271

Whereupon once more he lifted up his hand in token of silence, and the people being quieted from their weeping, he spoke once more 'I confess before heaven, and I call to witness everything that dwelleth upon the earth, that I am a stranger to all that ye have said seeing that I am man, born of mortal woman, subject to the judgement of God suffering the miseries of eating and sleeping, of cold and heat, like other men.

272

Wherefore when God shall come to judge, my words like a sword shall pierce each one of them that believe me to be more than man. (Barnabas 93)

273I. His praying to his Creator

Very early in the morning, while it was still dark, Jesus got up, left the house and went off to a solitary place, where he prayed. (Mark 135)

274

Going a little farther, he fell to the ground and prayed (Mark 1435)

275

One of those days Jesus went out to a mountainside to pray, and spent the night praying to God. (Luke 612)

276

But Jesus often withdrew to lonely places and prayed. (Luke 516)

277

Jesus raised his hands to the Lord God and prayed. (Barnabas 12)

278

Having finished his devotions, Jesus came down from the mountain with his disciples (Barnabas 19)

279

When he had prayed to the Lord, his disciples came to him. (Barnabas 51)

280

And having said this Jesus made prayer. (Barnabas 81)

Having made the prayer, Jesus said Let us give thanks to God. (Barnabas 84)

Then said Jesus Let us do reverence to our God, who is blessed for evermore. Thereupon they bowed their heads an hundred times and prostrated themselves to earth upon their face in prayer. (Barnabas 179)

283

All these proofs remove any doubts concerning Jesus' manhood (peace be upon him) and consider him far from being a God.

284

It was only the Gospel of John (John 11) that explicitly mentioned the deification of Jesus.

285

Perhaps, this difference emanated out of the translation from Aramaic into Greek, and from the latter into other languages. The word "God" in Greek is Theos, while from God is Theou.

286

The preposition from may have been omitted forgetfully or intentionally during the translation process. Accordingly, the sentence the word is God was put in the place of the word is from God.

287

Paul was the first one to mention after the ascension of Jesus that he was God

"And straightway he Paul preached Christ in the synagogues, that he is the Son of God." (Acts 920)

288Quranic verses (English meaning)

I have come to you with a Sign from your Lord. So fear Allah, and obey me. It is Allah Who is my Lord and your Lord then worship Him. This is a Way that is straight." (Surah Al-Imran Verses Nos. 50-51)

289

And (remember) when Allah said "O Isa (Jesus)! I will take you and raise you to Myself and clear you of the forged statement that Isa (Jesus) is Allah's son of those who disbelieve, and I will make those who follow you (Monotheists, who worship none but Allah) superior to those who disbelieve

290

in the Oneness of Allah, or disbelieve in some of His Messengers, e.g. Muhammad SAW, Isa (Jesus), Musa (Moses), etc.,

or in His Holy Books, e.g. the Tawrah (Torah),

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