1.
Italy
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Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate. Due to its shape, it is referred to in Italy as lo Stivale. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state, the Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, Italian culture flourished at this time, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. The weakened sovereigns soon fell victim to conquest by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria. Despite being one of the victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil. The subsequent participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in defeat, economic destruction. Today, Italy has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and it has a very high level of human development and is ranked sixth in the world for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs, as a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to 51 World Heritage Sites, the most in the world, and is the fifth most visited country. The assumptions on the etymology of the name Italia are very numerous, according to one of the more common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú, meaning land of young cattle. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The name Italia originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy – according to Antiochus of Syracuse, but by his time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name Italia to a larger region, excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period, some 200,000 years ago, modern Humans arrived about 40,000 years ago. Other ancient Italian peoples of undetermined language families but of possible origins include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni. Also the Phoenicians established colonies on the coasts of Sardinia and Sicily, the Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world

2.
Alfa (rocket)
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Alfa was the designation of an Italian solid propellant intermediate-range ballistic missile program that started in 1971 under the control of the GRS. Starting as a development effort for a study on efficient solid-propellant rockets, test launches with an upper stage mockup took place between 1973 and 1975, from Salto di Quirra. The Alfa was 6.5 metres long and had a diameter of 1.37 metres, the first stage of the Alfa was 3.85 metres long and contained 6 t of solid rocket fuel. It supplied a thrust of 232 kN for a duration of 57 seconds, italy has been active in the space sector since 1957, conducting launch and control operations from the Luigi Broglio Space Centre. The advanced Scout and Vega launchers currently used by the European Space Agency derive their technological basis partially from Alfa studies, an Alfa rocket is currently displayed at the Cameri Air Base Museum in Novara Province

3.
7th Alpini Regiment
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The 7th Alpini Regiment is a light Infantry regiment of the Italian Army, specializing in mountain combat. The Alpini are an infantry corps of the Italian Army. During World War I the regiment consisted of 10 battalions and saw fighting in the Alps against Austria’s Kaiserjäger. The mortar company is equipped with 120mm mortars, while the anti-tank company fields Spike anti-tank guided missile systems

4.
8th Alpini Regiment
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The 8th Alpini Regiment is a light Infantry regiment of the Italian Army, specializing in Mountain Combat. The Alpini are an infantry corps of the Italian Army. During World War I the regiment consisted of 10 battalions and saw fighting in the Alps against Austria’s Kaiserjäger. The mortar company is equipped with 120mm mortars, while the anti-tank company fields Spike anti-tank guided missile systems

5.
National Alpini Association
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The National Alpini Association is an Italian association representing the Alpini in congedo of the Italian Army. The Alpini are an infantry corps of the Italian Army. As the ANA defines itself a quick reaction reserve corps to the active Alpini units, accordingly, the Italian Army never had a 10th Alpini Regiment

6.
Appenzell goat
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The Appenzell, French, Chèvre d’Appenzell, German, Appenzellerziege, is a rare and endangered indigenous breed of long-haired white domestic goat from Switzerland. It originates in the half-cantons of the historic Appenzell region, Appenzell Ausserrhoden and Appenzell Innerrhoden, documentation of the Appenzell breed goes back more than 100 years. A goat-breeders association, the Ziegenzuchtgenossenschaft Appenzell, was founded in Innerrhoden in February 1902, and another, in 2007 conservation status of the breed was listed by the FAO as endangered-maintained. In 2005 the Appenzell breed represented about 4. 2% of the total registered Swiss goat population of about 70,000 head, at the end of 2013 a population of 1900–2000 was reported to DAD-IS

7.
Baita (architecture)
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Baita is a term used, mainly in Italy, and in France to refer to small dwellings of the central and western Alps. This word is found from the Lepontine to the Maritime alpine sections, a wood and stone baita of the Val di Susa—for instance in the hamlet of Rhuilles— and Hautes-Alpes is usually called grange. Sometimes the term refers to modern and rustic-chic chalets. Baite are often clustered together in Alpine pastures where they are occupied seasonally by herders tending sheep, in recent years abandoned baite, restored with varying degrees of respect, have also become popular as second homes and, to an extent, as holiday homes. Scialpinismo in Valtellina – Glossario Chalet Mountain hut