2 Contents General information and Introduction OPNET modeling hierarchy Network Domain Node Domain Process Domain Physical layer modeling (radio link) Simulations Useful OPNET tools OPNET products & additional modules Tips for the rookies Summary , Jarmo Prokkola 3 General Information A common presentation of the OPNET simulator (OPNET Modeler) is provided OPNET is very large and powerful software with wide variety of possibilities Enables the possibility to simulate entire heterogeneous networks with various protocols Development work was started in 1986 by MIL3 Inc. (nowadays OPNET Technologies Inc.) Originally the software was developed for the needs of military, but it has grown to be a world leading commercial network simulation tool OPNET is quite expensive for commercial usage but there are also free licenses for educational purposes , Jarmo Prokkola 4 2

3 Introduction OPNET is a high level event based network level simulation tool Simulation operates at packet-level Originally built for the simulation of fixed networks OPNET contains a huge library of accurate models of commercially available fixed network hardware and protocols Nowadays, the possibilities for wireless network simulations are also very wide Accurate radio transmission pipeline stage for the modeling of the physical layer (radio interface) The simulator has a lot of potentiality, but there exists typically a lack of the recent wireless systems Much of the work considering new technologies must be done by oneself OPNET can be used as a research tool or as a network design/analysis tool (end user) The threshold for the usage is high for the developer, but low for the end user , Jarmo Prokkola 5 The structure of OPNET OPNET consists of high level user interface, which is constructed from C and C++ source code blocks with a huge library of OPNET specific functions Hierarchical structure, modeling is divided to three main domains: Network domain Networks + sub-networks, network topologies, geographical coordinates, mobility Node domain Single network nodes (e.g., routers, workstations, mobile devices ) Process domain Single modules and source code inside network nodes (e.g., data traffic source model) With OPNET it is also possible to run external code components (External System Domain, ESD) , Jarmo Prokkola 6 3

5 The Network Domain (2/4) Network domain specifies the overall scope of the system to be simulated It is a high-level description of the objects contained in the system Network model specifies the objects in the system as well as their physical locations, interconnections and configurations , Jarmo Prokkola 9 The Network Domain (3/4) sub-networks sub-net network nodes Fixed links An example of a sub-network (WLAN) , Jarmo Prokkola 10 5

8 Process Domain (1/5) Modeling Single Processor Entities, Algorithms, Protocols, etc. Example: from node domain to process domain (TCP processor) , Jarmo Prokkola 15 Process Domain (2/5) Process models are used to specify the behavior of a processor and queue modules, which exists in the Node Domain A module is modeled as a finite state machine (FSM) FSM consists of states with transitions and conditions between them states transitions , Jarmo Prokkola 16 8

11 Simulations (2/3) Running simulations The basic simulations with OPNET are done as a function of simulation time Accurate network behavior The level of event accuracy can be extended to be as detailed as needed Simulation results as a function of time are typically as such not suitable as scientific results, since statistical accuracy is needed A certain situation can be first verified with a simple simulation run, but then several runs should be done with different random generator seed values. The typical scientific simulation results are graphs of average statistics drawn from several simulation iterations. As such, the OPNET s basic analysis tool is not the best tool for drawing graphs like this, but it can be used to collecting statistics, and exporting them to a third party software , Jarmo Prokkola 21 Simulations (3/3) A Result Example Packet loss ratio Normalized offered data traffic load 1.0E E E E-03 BC-MAC (NSCD) Average packet loss ratio (data) as a function of normalized offered data traffic load 20 node random ad hoc network scenario with AODV routing protocol 1.0E-04 (Area: 500 m x 500 m, effective radio range: 250 m) 1.0E-05 BC-MAC (NSCD) with BCCA clearly outperforms the traditional Consider e.g., if an application desires packet losses below 10-3 : BC-MAC can offer over 20 times more capacity than ! , Jarmo Prokkola 22 11

12 External System Domain (ESD) An external system is OPNET s representation of a model whose behavior is determined by code external to OPNET Such a model can be anything from microchip to a model of user behavior pattern OPNET passes data to external system and receives data from it with no implicit knowledge of how the external code processed the data , Jarmo Prokkola 23 On the Physical Layer Modeling (radio link) (1/3) The physical layer is modeled with pipeline stages, which are used to calculate step by step the total effect of the physical transmission medium including all the interference caused by other users Each pipeline stage is a model made with OPNET flavored C or C , Jarmo Prokkola 24 12

13 On the Physical Layer Modeling (radio link) (2/3) The used pipeline stage models can be defined by transmitter and receiver attributes. General channel settings can be also determined with these attributes. The attributes can be also modified during the simulation by the processors , Jarmo Prokkola 25 On the Physical Layer Modeling (radio link) (3/3) Modulation curves can be edited with a special editor , Jarmo Prokkola 26 13

15 Radio link: Antenna patterns (2/2) Antenna pattern editor can be used to determine specific antenna patterns Basically each receiver and transmitter channel can be connected to antennas, which can have different patterns Antennas can be dynamically directed by processor modules during simulation Antenna Pattern tool is somewhat clumsy to use, but patterns can also be made with EMA-code (External Model Access) functionality , Jarmo Prokkola 29 Packet format editor An example of ARP-packet Packet formats define the internal structure of packets as a set of fields Illustrative and valuable tool in OPNET since the whole operation of the simulator is structured from packet basis , Jarmo Prokkola 30 15

16 Analysis Configuration tool A tool for plotting and analyzing the simulated results The tool is practical for quick analysis but is maybe not the best one for making publishable figures Provides also a possibility to write the selected results to a text file for latter analysis (i.e., enables the possibility to use an external analysis tool) , Jarmo Prokkola 31 OPNET Products Network R&D OPNET Modeler The main tool + Wireless suite and Defense additions Capacity planning and design IT Guru (network and system capacity planning for enterprises) SP Guru (network planning and engineering for service providers) Network operations IT Sentinel (network audit, security, and policy-compliance for enterprises ) SP Sentinel (network audit, security, and policy-compliance for service providers.) Application performance management ACE Standard and ACE Plus (analytics for networked applications) LoadScaler (application stress testing) SLA Commander (application service level monitoring) Panorama for QA (application pre-deployment analytics) Panorama for production (real-time application monitoring and analytics) , Jarmo Prokkola 32 16

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