Publikasjoner fra CRIStinhttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/218417
Sun, 07 Jun 2020 07:22:42 GMT2020-06-07T07:22:42ZAchieving agility and quality in product development -an empirical study of hardware startupshttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2656405
Achieving agility and quality in product development -an empirical study of hardware startups
Berg, Vebjørn; Birkeland, Jørgen; Nguyen Duc, Anh; Pappas, Ilias; Jaccheri, Maria Letizia
Context: Startups aim at scaling their business, often by developing innovative products with limited hu- man and financial resources. The development of software products in the startup context is known as opportunistic, agility-driven, and with high tolerance for technical debt. The special context of hardware startups calls for a better understanding of state-of-the-practice of hardware startups’ activities. Objec- tive: This study aimed to identify whether and how startups can achieve product quality while main- taining focus on agility. Method: We conducted an exploratory study with 13 hardware startups, collect- ing data through semi-structured interviews and analysis of documentation. We proposed an integrative model of agility and quality in hardware startups. Results: Agility in hardware startups is complex and not achieved through adoption of fast-paced development practices alone. Hardware startups follow a quality- driven approach for development of core components, where frequent user testing is a measure for early debt management. Hardware startups often lack mindset and strategies for achieving long-term quality in early stages. Conclusions: Hardware startups need attention to hardware quality to allow for evolutionary prototyping and speed. Future research should focus on defining quality-driven practices that contribute to agility, and strategies and mindsets to support long-term quality in the hardware startup context.
Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/26564052020-01-01T00:00:00ZWalking barefoot vs. with minimalist footwear–influence on gait in younger and older adultshttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2656401
Walking barefoot vs. with minimalist footwear–influence on gait in younger and older adults
Petersen, Evi; Hamacher, Daniel; Zech, Astrid
Background: In recent years, minimalist footwear has been increasingly promoted for its use in sportive and recreational activities. These shoes are considered to function naturally like barefoot walking while providing a protective surface. Despite a growing popularity of these shoes in the older population, little is known about the influence of minimalist footwear on gait patterns. This study investigated whether overground walking with minimalist shoes is comparable to barefoot walking regarding gait stability and variability parameters.
Methods: In a randomized within-subject study design, 31 healthy younger (29 ± 4 years) and 33 healthy communitydwelling older adults (71 ± 4 years) volunteered. Participants walked on flat ground, once barefoot and once with minimalist shoes. Gait variability of minimum toe clearance (MTC), stride length, stride time, and local dynamic gait stability were analysed.
Results: The results for both age groups showed significant condition effects (minimalist shoes vs. barefoot walking) for the outcomes of local dynamic stability (p = .013), MTC variability (p = .018), and stride length variability (p < .001) indicating increased local dynamic stability and decreased gait variability during the minimalist shoe condition. Group effects (young vs. older adults) were detected in all gait outcomes.
Conclusion: Walking with minimalist shoes appeared to be associated with better gait performance than walking barefoot in both age groups. Thus, walking with minimalist shoes is not similar to barefoot walking. With respect to reducing the risk of falling, we suggest that minimalist shoes could be an alternative to barefoot walking or a transition option between shoes to barefoot for older adults.
Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/26564012020-01-01T00:00:00ZMiddelalders helter og Norsk nasjonalisme før andre verdenskrighttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2656394
Middelalders helter og Norsk nasjonalisme før andre verdenskrig
Alvestad, Karl Christian
I løpet av Grunnlovsforhandlingene på Eidsvoll i 1814 ble ikke bare grunnlaget for den nye norske staten lagt, men her ble også grunnlaget for hva som skulle bli de tonegivende elementer innen den unge nasjonens identitet og selvoppfattelse i mer enn et århundre fremover lagt. Forsamlingen på Eidsvoll fremholdt nemlig ideen om at det Norske riket hadde gjenoppstått og at det hadde sine røtter i middelalderen (Sørensen, 2007, s. 25-6). Forhandlingene på Eidsvoll så også en aktiv bruk av historiske referanser som en del av ideutvekslingen, og resulterte med at Nidarosdomen ble fastsatt som Norges kroningskirke, som en gjenopprettelse av middelalderens tradisjoner (Norderval, 1998, s. 162). Referansene til middelalderen i den Norske Grunnloven og i forhandlingene i 1814 reflekterer en aktiv historiebruk innad i den politiske diskursen i Norge i denne perioden.
Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMThttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/26563942019-01-01T00:00:00ZHealth care personnel’s perception of guideline implementation for musculoskeletal imaging: a process evaluationhttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2654864
Health care personnel’s perception of guideline implementation for musculoskeletal imaging: a process evaluation
Gransjøen, Ann Mari; Wiig, Siri; Lysdahl, Kristin Bakke; Hofmann, Bjørn Morten
Background: The increasing complexity and variability in radiology have significantly fueled the need for guidelines. There are many methods for disseminating and implementing guidelines however; and obtaining lasting changes has been difficult. Implementation outcome is usually measured in a decrease in unwarranted examinations, and qualitative data are rarely used. This study’s aim was to evaluate a guideline implementation process and identify factors influencing implementation outcome using qualitative data.
Methods: Seven general practitioners and five radiological personnel from a Norwegian county participated in four focus group interviews in 2019. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis, where some categories were predetermined, while most were drawn from the data.
Results: Four main categories were developed from the data material. 1) Successful/unsuccessful parts of the implementation, 2) perceived changes/lack of changes after the implementation, 3) environment-related factors that affected guideline use, and 4) User related factors that affect guideline use.
Conclusions: Our findings show that clinical guideline implementation is difficult, despite the implementation strategy being tailored to the target groups. Several environment- and user-related factors contributed to the lack of changes experienced in practice for both general practitioners and radiological personnel.
Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/26548642020-01-01T00:00:00ZNorges første trykte bøker. Nidarosprovinsens sistehttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2654816
Norges første trykte bøker. Nidarosprovinsens siste
Hareide, Sigurd
Bokåret 2019 har vært en nasjonal feiring av boken, lesingen og leserne. Årsaken til all denne bokoppmerksomheten er femhundreårsjubileet for to katolske bøker utgitt i 1519, de første trykte bøkene på norsk oppdrag.
Originalpublikasjonen er tilgjengelig på: https://stolavforlag.no/?option=com_virtuemart&page=shop.browse&category_id=32&Itemid=1
Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMThttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/26548162019-01-01T00:00:00ZPatients with non-Sjögren's sicca report poorer general and oral health-related quality of life than patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a cross-sectional studyhttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2654673
Patients with non-Sjögren's sicca report poorer general and oral health-related quality of life than patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Tashbayev, Behzod; Garen, Torhild Oddveig; Palm, Øyvind; Chen, Xiangjun; Herlofson, Bente Brokstad; Young Vik, Alix Rosslyn; Hove, Lene Hystad; Rykke, Morten; Singh, Preet Bano; Aqrawi, Lara Adnan; Utheim, Øygunn Aass; Utheim, Tor Paaske; Jensen, Janicke Cecilie Liaaen
Understanding the impact of the disease on quality of life is crucial in patient management. In this cross-sectional study, general and oral health-related quality of life questionnaires, and thorough examinations of oral and ocular dryness were performed in age- and sex-matched patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS group), non-Sjögren’s syndrome sicca (non-SS group) and healthy controls. General and oral health-related quality of life were investigated with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the 14-Item Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaires, respectively. Subjective symptoms of xerostomia and ocular dryness were recorded using the Summated Xerostomia Inventory and Ocular Surface Disease Index, respectively. Clinical examinations included evaluation of clinical oral dryness scores, candida counts, unstimulated and stimulated saliva secretory rates, tear osmolarity, tear film break-up time, Schirmer I test and ocular surface staining. Both patient groups had pronounced signs and symptoms of xerostomia and ocular dryness. Even though the non-SS patients had less severe clinical signs than the pSS patients, they demonstrated much poorer general and oral health-related quality of life. In conclusion, non-SS patients require more attention in order to improve their quality of life.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, Sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/26546732020-01-01T00:00:00ZThe evolutionary trajectory of the Agile concept viewed from a management fashion perspectivehttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2654535
The evolutionary trajectory of the Agile concept viewed from a management fashion perspective
Madsen, Dag Øivind
Agile is one of the most popular contemporary management concepts and buzzwords.This paper rovides an in-depth examination of the influence of the Agile concept on the discourse, thinking and practices of organizations worldwide. The paper traces the emergence and evolution of the Agile concept from inception to the present by synthesizing findings from a wide range of academic and practitioner-oriented sources. Overall, the picture that emerges from the analysis is that the Agile concept has grown considerably in popularity and has become one of the most dominant concepts in public management discourse. The popularization of Agile has, to a large extent, been driven by an active supply-side made up of actors such as consultants, coaches, and trainers. Another finding is that the Agile concept has evolved considerably over time, from its initial presentation as a narrow and specialized concept rooted in the software development community to a much broader and general approach applicable across nearly all types of organizations and industries. The broadening of the concept has led to neologisms such as Agile Marketing, Agile Government, and Agile Management. The paper ends with reflections on the current status of Agile and some speculation about the concept’s likely future trajectory.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license
Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/26545352020-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Professional Nurse Self-Assessment Scale: Psychometric testing in Norwegian long term and home care contextshttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2654350
The Professional Nurse Self-Assessment Scale: Psychometric testing in Norwegian long term and home care contexts
Finnbakk, Elisabeth Bell; Wangensteen, Sigrid; Skovdahl, Kirsti-Iren; Fagerström, Lisbeth
Background Nurses’ clinical competence is vital to ensure safe and high quality care, and the continuous assessment of nurses’ clinical competence is of major concern. A validated instrument for the self-assessment of nurses’ clinical competence at different educational levels across specialties and countries is lacking. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and construct validity of the new Professional Nurse Self-Assessment Scale (ProffNurse SAS) questionnaire in long term and home care contexts in Norway. The questionnaire is based on the Nordic Advanced Practice Nursing model, in which the nurse-patient relationship is central. Methods The study has a cross-sectional survey design. A purposive sample of 357 registered nurses who worked in long term and home care contexts in two geographical regions encompassing eight municipalities and three counties was included. The respondents completed the 74-item ProffNurse SAS questionnaire and demographic background data was collected. Data collection was conducted in two phases: first region autumn 2011 and second region spring 2012. Exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were used to test the psychometric properties of the questionnaire and included the following steps: assessment of the factorality of the data, factor extraction by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), oblimin (oblique) factor rotation, and interpretation. Cronbach’s alpha was used to estimate the internal consistency. Results The PCA revealed a six-component structure, reducing the number of items in the questionnaire from 74 to 51. Based on the content of the highest-loading items, the six components were named: Direct Clinical Practice, Professional Development, Ethical Decision-Making, Clinical Leadership, Cooperation and Consultation, and Critical Thinking. The Cronbach’s alpha values ranged from 0.940 (highest; Direct Clinical Practice) to 0.737 (lowest; Critical Thinking), leading to the estimation that the ProffNurse SAS is reliable. Conclusions The six components support the study’s theoretical framework. The ProffNurse SAS showed acceptable reliability and construct validity and may therefore be a promising instrument for the assessment of practicing nurses’ clinical competence. However, we recommend further psychometric testing in other countries and contexts and the inclusion of larger samples of nurses at various levels of education, particularly master’s level APNs. Keywords: Advanced practice nursing; Clinical competence; Factor analysis; Long term care; Professional home nursing; Psychometrics; Questionnaires; Self-assessment
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMThttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/26543502015-01-01T00:00:00ZNursing students’ experiences with clinical placement in a marginal Norwegian nursing home learning environmenthttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2654348
Nursing students’ experiences with clinical placement in a marginal Norwegian nursing home learning environment
Jacobsen, Turid Iren; Onshuus, Kirstin; Frisnes, Hjørdis; Gonzalez, Marianne Thorsen
Background: Nursing homes are core clinical placement arenas in nursing education. For a range of reasons, however, they are marginally staffed and face recruiting challenges. These issues threaten the educational quality of the nursing students’ clinical placement, and these settings may thus be characterised as a marginal nursing home learning environment. In clinical placements, observing nursing care quality might be critical for nursing students’ learning opportunities and for their motivation to pursue a nursing career. Thus, addressing clinical placement challenges in a marginal nursing home learning environment is of crucial importance to secure educational quality, future recruitment and quality in nursing care.
Aim: To explore and describe final-year nursing students’ situated learning experiences in a marginal nursing home learning environment.
Methods: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative design (EDQ) using individual interviews for data collection. Eight third-year nursing students were individually interviewed by two researchers following their clinical placement in a marginal nursing home. Data were analysed using a thematic data analysis approach.
Results: Four main themes emerged from the data analysis: the importance of being invited into the working community; the importance of being offered predictability in situated learning; the importance of being involved in professional dialogues; and the importance of being assigned co-responsibility combined with supportive mentoring.
Conclusion: Findings reveal that having their clinical placement in a marginal nursing home learning environment offered students a range of learning and mentoring opportunities as well as mixed experiences and some challenges.
Implications for practice and education:
The marginal nursing home context as a learning environment challenges both the clinical and academic institutions to improve their professional collaboration. At a policy level, standards need to be set for both educational and nursing care quality in nursing homes.
licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 3.0 License.
Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/26543482020-01-01T00:00:00ZImplementation of eHealth Technology in Community Health Care: the complexity of stakeholder involvementhttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/2654021
Implementation of eHealth Technology in Community Health Care: the complexity of stakeholder involvement
Nilsen, Etty Ragnhild; Stendal, Karen; Gullslett, Monika Knudsen
Background: The implementation of any technology in community health care is seen as a challenge. Similarly, the implementation of eHealth technology also has challenges, and many initiatives never fully reach their potential. In addition, the complexity of stakeholders complicates the situation further, since some are unused to cooperating and the form of cooperation is new. The paper’s aim is to give an overview of the stakeholders and the relationships and dependencies between them, with the goal of contributing this knowledge to future similar projects in a field seeing rapid development.
Methods: In this longitudinal qualitative and interpretive study involving eight municipalities in Norway, we analysed how eHealth initiatives have proven difficult due to the complexity and lack of involvement and integration from stakeholders. As part of a larger project, this study draws on data from 20 interviews with employees on multiple levels, specifically, project managers and middle managers; healthcare providers and next of kin; and technology vendors and representatives of the municipal IT support services.
Results: We identified the stakeholders involved in the implementation of eHealth community health care in the municipalities, then described and discussed the relationships among them. The identification of the various stakeholders illustrates the complexity of innovative implementation projects within the health care domain—in particular, community health care. Furthermore, we categorised the stakeholders along two dimensions (external– internal) and their degree of integration (core stakeholders, support stakeholders and peripheral stakeholders).
Conclusions: Study findings deepen theoretical knowledge concerning stakeholders in eHealth technology implementation initiatives. Findings show that the number of stakeholders is high, and illustrate the complexity of stakeholders’ integration. Moreover, stakeholder integration in public community health care differs from a classical industrial stakeholder map in that the municipality is not just one stakeholder, but is instead comprised of many. These stakeholders are internal to the municipality but external to the focal actor, and this complicating factor influences their integration. Our findings also contribute to practice by highlighting how projects within the health care domain should identify and involve these stakeholders at an early stage. We also offer a model for use in this
context.
Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://hdl.handle.net/11250/26540212020-01-01T00:00:00Z