Yield response to seed treatment was environment specific, and across all environments, the yield response to ILeVO was 2.8% compared to 5.3% (WI-SDS) and 6.1% (IA) when visual SDS symptoms were present

At 2016 and 2017 seed and seed treatment costs, CB and ILeVO seed treatments at 140,000 seeds/a reduced risk greater than 70% of the time and increased average profit ($4 –19/a) across an array of environments and grain sale prices ($8 –11/bu)

The CB or ILeVO seed treatments realized the lowest risk and highest average profit increase when seeding rates were lowered to the economically optimal seeding rate of 103,000 – 112,000 seeds/a