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Both trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole interfere with folate: The sulfamethoxazole makes it hard for invading bacteria to manufacture folate, and the trimethoprim makes it hard for bacteria to use the folate. The net effect is to starve the bacteria of this necessary vitamin.

Humans and other mammals are much less affected by these antibiotics than are bacteria, due to the different way we process folate. However, trimethoprim can still interfere to some extent in your body's ability to utilize this essential nutrient. Folate supplementation may be helpful if you take this antibiotic for a long period of time (to prevent urinary tract infections, for example).
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Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole might increase levels of potassium in the body.
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Therefore, if you are on long-term treatment with this antibiotic, you should not take potassium supplements except on the advice of a physician.

Sulfa drugs can cause increased sensitivity to the sun. Various herbs, including St. John's wort and
dong quai
, can also cause this problem. Combined treatment with herb and drug might increase the risk further.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.