When you set up a new hard drive or buy a computer, the drive likely comes with a single partition. This places everything onto one logical sector of the drive.

But you can easily create partitions to keep different types of data separate. Here’s what you should know about partitioning and the benefits and drawbacks of doing so.

What Is Disk Partitioning?

When you install Windows on a fresh hard drive, the installer sees your disk as a bunch of unallocated space. You need to create a segment so the operating system knows what part of the hard drive it can use. This is called a partition. When you format a partition with a particular filesystem so it’s usable, it’s known as a volume.

A standard Windows installation might have a single partition that holds everything, including the OS files, your personal data, installed programs, and more.

If you bought a computer off the shelf, it might also have a secondary small partition for recovery purposes. This is separate from the main partition so that even if your Windows installation becomes corrupted, you can still restore it with the backup partition.

The Pros of Partitioning a Hard Drive

Why might you want to partition your hard drive? Here are some good reasons.

1. Ease of Reinstallation

For example, it’s relatively trivial to reinstall Windows when it’s on a separate partition. All you have to do is format your Windows partition and reinstall the OS. Your installed programs and files will stay where you left them.

If you like, you can even clone your Windows partition so you have an exact copy of your OS setup to return to.

2. Simpler Backups

Backing up your files is vital. While putting files on a separate partition isn’t an actual backup, it can make your backup scheme much simpler.

Like with your Windows installation, you can clone the entire partition to have an exact copy of its data. For a simpler approach, you can point your backup app to protect the entire drive, instead of having to pick and choose individual folders.

3. (Potentially) Improved Security

Partitioning your drive can also keep your data safer from malware attacks. If ransomware lands on your Windows partition, it would have a lesser chance of locking your personal files on another partition. You can easily reinstall Windows per above.

4. Better Organization

Maybe you’re someone who loves to put everything in a certain place. Partitioning lets you add more dividers between data types. Perhaps you’d like to create a partition for games and apps and another for documents, music, and similar files.

If you find that the organization methods available to you on a single partition aren’t enough, adding new ones could help keep your data straight.

5. Install Multiple Operating Systems

I can't help daydreaming about my ideal dev setup. Nice desktop computer, with a partitions for all the major os's for compiling on…mmm

We’ve discussed separating your OS files and personal data in most of the above reasons. But that’s not the only use for partitioning a hard drive. You can also add a partition to a drive to install another operating system on it.

Perhaps you want to run Linux alongside Windows, but your computer can’t handle a virtual machine. You can create a new partition for Linux without touching your existing Windows system.

Alternatively, you could install an older version of Windows for backward compatibility.

6. Use Many File Systems

Another multi-platform use for partitioning is to work with multiple file systems. While you probably don’t need to do this with your internal drive, it makes external drives more useful if you use them with multiple OSes.

For example, you might split a 1TB external HDD into partitions. Making one FAT32 or exFAT would work with Windows, while the other as Mac OS Extended would be compatible with your Mac. This lets you best use the available space for your needs.

The Cons of Partitioning a Hard Drive

On the flipside, there are several reasons you should avoid partitioning your hard drive. Here are a few of them.

1. False Sense of Security

If you’re not careful, having multiple partitions could lead to a data loss disaster. While Windows shows separate entries for each partition you’ve created, those partitions are all still on the same physical drive.

Because of this, if your hard drive fails, is destroyed by a natural disaster, or otherwise stops working, you’ll lose everything on it. This could be a shock for a new user, who’s used to every drive in the This PC window representing a separate physical device.

2. Complexity and Chances for Errors

One of the biggest hassles, when you have several partitions is keeping them straight. With any more than three or four partitions, you’ll likely lose the organization benefits just trying to keep track of them.

And even with an extra partition or two, you’ll still have to set up Windows to save your files and software on the other partitions. This is more complex than saving everything on one.

Additionally, the complexity of having multiple partitions introduces more chances for a mistake. When formatting one partition, you might accidentally erase another.

3. Juggling Partitions and Wasted Space

With one partition, you don’t have to worry about disk space aside from filling up the drive completely. But with multiple partitions, you might be cramped for space on one partition but have plenty of free space on another.

The limited space also means you could run into surprises. For instance, a major update to Windows 10 could require more space than you have free on its partition. You’d then have to remove some games from a separate partition, shrink that partition, then extend the one with Windows installed.

Thankfully, Windows makes it pretty easy to shrink and extend partitions, so you’re not locked into your initial sizes. But resizing partitions frequently is inconvenient.

4. It’s Generally Unnecessary for the Average User

Many power users like to partition for the reasons listed above, which is great. But for the average user, it’s often not necessary. Light users don’t typically have enough files that they need a different partition to manage them. And they don’t often install other operating systems.

While partitioning isn’t overly complex, it also introduces some potential for issues for a novice user. Compared to the low benefit, it’s generally not worth the effort for them to partition.

5. SSDs Negate Many Past Benefits

Many of the historical reasons for partitioning don’t matter as much now, due to the inclusion of SSDs in modern computers. See the below section for a discussion on this.

HDD vs. SSD Partitioning

As you may be aware, older hard disk drives (HDD) are mechanical. They have moving platters and a head that reads and writes data.

Because of this, the organization of data on the drive affects how quickly you can access it. If the drive has to spin all around to access data that are far apart from each other, it will affect performance.

For some time, partitioning was a solution for this. Your primary partition, with Windows installed, would live at the outside of the platter which has the fastest read times. Less important data, like downloads and music, could stay on the inside. Separating data also helps defragmentation, an important part of HDD maintenance, run faster.

But none of this applies to solid-state drives (SSD). They use flash memory to quickly access information no matter where it’s located on the drive. Thus, optimizing the placement of files on the disk is not a concern. And you don’t need to defragment SSDs.

Don’t worry about “wearing out” your SSD by partitioning it, by the way. The SSD organizes files on its own regardless of the partitions, so there’s no “uneven wear” issue. And modern SSDs are designed for loads of read/write cycles, so the chances that you’ll wear one out before you’d replace it anyway are low.

Is Partitioning Worth It for You?

We’ve looked at some benefits and drawbacks of partitioning your disk. In summary, the potential hassle involved compared to the relatively small gain for the average user means you should stick to what you have now. But partitioning offers benefits for power users who want logical separation of data and don’t mind juggling free space.

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Scott S

January 2, 2019 at 5:25 pm

Additionally certain Ubuntu (and possibly other Unix \ Linux) based on reserve about 20 % of each drive / partition for use of system recovery / maintenance though your are able to reclaim this space back. On a 1Tb drive, this is around 200gb which is not available or accounted for under file manager or partition AFAIK.

Additionally certain Ubuntu (and possibly other Unix \ Linux) based on reserve about 20 % of each drive / partition for use of system recovery / maintenance though your are able to reclaim this space back. On a 1Tb drive, this is around 200gb which is not available or accounted for under file manager or partition AFAIK.

I use macrium reflect to make backups of windows (from a booting DVD). I can't reinstalll the OS on the backup, so my backups need to be on a partition other than the one on which i have windows. At least, two partitions are compulsory for me, external drives are slower when reinstalling

Absolutively a Windows-centric point of view. Some O/Ss, such as Linux and BSD, REQUIRE multiple partitions. Considering how *nixes handle multiple partitions, your "Cons of Portioning an HDD" are a bunch of straw men. Maybe 20-25 years ago this article had some validity, but not today.

I don't agree. While the article does have a Windows centric take, the pros AND cons are still reasonable and worth considering even for a Linux user (I am one).
The list is different for Linux, and a Linux user is more likely to be a power user, but the need for multiple partitions for Linux is much less than it was 10-15 years ago.
That said I have many partitions, one for music, one for videos, one for software development, one for general user data that makes it easier for me to install a new distribution...

Ben is a Deputy Editor and the Sponsored Post Manager at MakeUseOf. He holds a B.S. in Computer Information Systems from Grove City College, where he graduated Cum Laude and with Honors in his major. He enjoys helping others and is passionate about video games as a medium.