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SERVING A $20,000,OQO a vEaR INDUSTRY
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Eatmore Cranberry Sauce Cape & Vineyard
DIVlSON OF
Morris April Bros. Electric Company
EXCLUSIVE PROCESSORS OF }ED· *
Orleans
Provincetown
BRIDGTON -MILLVILE -TUCKAHOE r P
NEW JERSY Vineyard Haven
^BOG |Wareham Savings
SERVICE & SUPPLIES Bank
INSECTICIDES Falmouth Branch
FUNGICIDES Welcome Savings Account
Loans on Real Estate
WIGGINS AIRWAYS Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent
Helicopter Spray
and Dust Service PHONE WAREHAM 82
R. F. MORSE FALMOUTH 80
WEST WAREHAM, MASS.
—~~~~
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
Funds always available for sound loans
Complete Banking Service
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
PRINTI
T FIL
IlERY
0
"FOR THE BEST IMPRESSION"
PRINTERS AND LITHOGRAPHERS
JUNCTION ROUTES 3 &44
Y M ASS.
PLYMOUTH ,
Telephones: 775-656
Tell us you sawv our ad in "Cranberries"
EQUIPMENT
H A Y EN
SEPARATOR
FERTLIZER
WAREHAM, MASS.
MYE 'I SPRAYERS
PMPS
SEPARATORS -BLCWERS
SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGITONI
PCK MAC
Extensive Experience in
ELECTRICAL WORK
ALFRED PAPPI
At Screenhouses, Bogs and
Pumps Means Satisfaction
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
ADVERTISE
in
CRAJNBERR IES
IT'S 1960 Cranberry growersWATER 3 years ahead, the only car have enjoyed two decades
WTRWIESU.DDENJLY
K E R c S E N E that dares to break the o successful use of
time barrier KROP -SAVER
For use on Cranberry Bogs PLYMOUTTH Insecticides, FungicidesILYMOUTHVIJV -Herbicides
juI Iand
Also STODDARD SOLVENT OD AV
For the time of your life KROP-SAVER
get behind the wheel of the Better Chemicals
Prompt Delivery Service mighty For Agriculture
Franconia Coal Co. e 61}Ralso i
_1NP11 1
Dusters, Sprayers, Mist Blowers
i^Robert -Inc.~||~ Robert W. Savary and Air-Blast Dusters
Inca Savary
SALES & SERVICE CROP-SAVER
Wareham, Mass. East Wareham, Mass. CHEMICAL COMPANY
Tel. 39-R Tel. 63-R Spring Green, Wisconsin
CRANBERRY 0
GROWERS 71/2 h. p.SLOW SPEED AMES IRRGATION SYSTEMS
Choose and Use ENGINE (500 RPM) RAINBIRD SPRINKLERS
Niagara Dusts, Sprays and You Won't Live to 9
Dusters Wear It Out PRIZER APPLICATORS
$50.00
FOR
Take a Look at It. FERTILIZERS & INSECTICIDES
Niagara Chemical A A
Division l
Food Machinery and ENGINEEIG CO. Charles W.Harris
Chemical Corporation PUMPS Company
Middleport, New York HANOVER, MASS. Somers Avenue
New England Plant and Warehouse 26 Somerset Avenue
Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 TAylor 6-2341 North Dighton, Mass.
Send ACopy
To Your Friends. . . WITHOUT CHARGE CRANBERRY PICKING
the
Please send a free copy
persons listed below:
of CRANBERRIES with my compliments to BOXES
-.. _ _ _ , Shooks, or Nailed
To To I Let me repair your broken
boxes-or repair them yourself.
Address---*Address---------------------------------------Always on Hand
Stock
*Jl~~~~~~~~~~ .i| North Carver, Mass.
Adres -----.-..-..
I _„........„„.„.........„........-..........T.......6 f5I---------
------------------ ---..... a..
-Address Z iy--------------------........-...........
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O~r-A-faaa
GLOVER REQUESTS RE-EXAMINATION
OF MASS. BOG TAXATION VALUES
NCA eiids Out Letters torel cf cranberries, and the prob-
70 Towns Where Berries lem is further accentuated when
1Are Grown you compare these towns gen-
further step in an attept t erally with towns in other states I KER
A further in an attempt to
obtain more favorable real estate where taxes are more uniformand
taxes for Massachusetts growers, based on a more realistic agriculgain Aain sis momga
more in line with other areas, has tural valuation. early e
"Under General Laws Chapter
been taken by President James . "Under General Laws 7
Glover, president of National. Let-valuation is1
ters have gone to the board of geerally based on the fair and picker t a reduced price
assessors rcf 70 Massachusetts
rf value. in of
tassessownrsM in Southeastern Massachu-
assessors cash Now most these
7 ctowns
I^towns.t' e dsetts we estate plac rer
t find that most real By yourIt states that enclosed data is actually assessed for thirty or now, you will save on
poses a problem that has been
poses a that has been forty per cent of the cash value. your next years
"gnawing at the vitals" of theo purchases a
An individual who purchases a
cranberry industry in Massachu-h and l fo t thousand
house and lot for ten thousand WESTERN
setts for some time, and so much dollars will have an assessed value
?ICgER
introwerest has been generated e of about tre thousand five hun-Instead of $930.00 next
growers of NCA that Mr. Glover dred dollars placed on it for pur-
desires to contact these boards e i July, your Western Picker
poses of real estate tax. This in-
in person or by representative, dividual can turn around and sell will cost only
Harold Betzold, Jr. an attorney of s house and lot for probably
the three times the assessed value.
cooperative, " U'
The data declares that National But is this the case with real
Cranberry Association after many estate for cranberry bogs? An advanced payment of 50.00
complaints of tax inequities as to "It is submitted that the above will save you $90.0 t year.
agricultural real estate and parti-is not the case with cranberry In this manner Western Pickcularly
cranberry bogs has begun bogs. In fact, in many towns, they er will know how many ma-
a program of investigation and are assessed for sixty or seventy chines to build and growers
research into what can be done per cent of their cash value and who will want pickers be sure
to rectify the problem that faces in some instances for as much or of getting theirs.
members. more than their cash value. In
"The problem is manifold, but many instances a bog owner would — can
be stated simply, that it makes have to sell his property for less
a lot of difference in what town than the assessed value." ORDER THROUGH THE
you grow your cranberries in The letter explains that when FOLLOWING AGETS
Massachusetts in the light of the these high assessments are cou-WESTERN PICKERS Inc.
cost of real estate taxes per bar-(Continued on Page 16)
1172 Hemlock Ave.
V~ ~W'D tCoos ~xttwxwgxtttttttttt-,t
Bay, Oregon
V I JI' *1'AGAX May the wonder of Christmas MR. JOHNN OAGAN
II h i u53>w-43t ~A I Grayland, Washington
Phone Andrews 7-2345
I, \ ^4 its message of brotherhood into R.F.D. 2, New Bedford, Mass.
I / Rockwell 3-5683
g"T^
every heart. BRALEY'S MACHINE SHOP
Gibbs Ave., Wareham, Mass.
mmI 64-W
IR SII E 0 B R Ob-S .|MR. JERRY BROCKMAN
OI~S · I~ ~Vesper, Wisconsin
G. H. MORSE Wisconsin Rapids 2592-M
47 49 Falmouth St.MR. JERRY SAUNDERS
iW$~ ~ -4 FmotS.Kingston, Nova Scotia
I ATTLEBORO, MASS. I
Two
.........
' 11~
t utl·I all es .
B BB....."..
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE
Extension Cranberry Specialist
Shields, Francis Kendrick, Arthur
Handy, Robert Hammond, Gilbert
Beaton, Ferris Waite, Chester
Robbins, Maurice Makepeace, Kenneth
Garside, Bradford ,Crossmon,
Allan Leland, Oscar Johnson,
Dominic Marini, Harold Woodward,
Darrell Shepherd, Chester
Cross, Joseph Kelley, and Richard
Beattie.
Dr. Bert Zuckerman, our station
pathologist, presented a paper at
the national meetings of the American
Phytopathologist Society
held in Cincinnati, Ohio, in early
December. He had an opportunity
to discuss our disease problems
with some of the leading scientists
in this field. The value of attending
these and similar science
meetings is most worthwhile.
Dr. Fredi Chandler will have
cplete his six-mJnths sabbati-
Cutting Production Costs
The Massachusetts Cranberry
Advisory Committee met at the
Cranberry Experiment Station No-
vember 27 to assist the Extension
Service in the preparation and
development of an educational
program for 1957. There was an
excellent representation present
from the four Cranberry Clubs,
C. ne Cod Cranberry Growers As-
sociation, Marketing Committee of
the Association, County Advisory
Committees Cranberry Institute,
C-anty Agricultural Agents, Uni-
versity of Massachusetts, and the
Cranberry Experiment Station.
The discussion this year focused
on the need for cutting production
costs, increasing yields per acre,
. L.
improvements in ' iharvesting and '
screening nmethods, ef-
iethods, continued
forts to improve the quality of our
pack, both fresh and processed,
and support of the real estate tax
study on bog properties recently
initiated by the directors of the
Cape Cod Cranberry Association.
The work of other interested parties
concerned with the tax prob-
lem was duly noted.
The committee endorsed the
quality control programs that
were carried out this past year,
the work of the Cranberry Insti-
tute, the constructive labors of the
Marketing Committee of he Cape
creased mechanization of our in-
dustry. Dr. Cross reported that
the enactment of the new Freedom
Bill by the state legislature and
the recent approval of a new
salary schedule increased the pos-
sibilities of filling this position
which has been open for over a
year. There was considerable in-
terest in a school for picking
machine operators which will be
arranged this winter or early
spring. It's purpose will be toJanuary i, 195.
studies have taken him to other
familiarize those concerned with n th
aintenance, simple repairs, d-crnberry producing ars in
justments, and general operation Untd States and parts of Can
f picking machines. These andWe are looking forward
a report of his work. Growers will
many other topicse received con-k. Growers will
sideration. The suggestions and be happy to learn that Mrs.
advice of this committee are most Chandler, who underwent major
surgery in early December, is
helpful and are sincerely apprDecember, i
making satisfactory progress in
t A
ciated. her recovery. We are sure her
The following members were many friends in the cranberry in-
present: Howard Hiller, Louis dustry will want to send her a
Sherman, Victor Adams, John card or note wishing her well.
_-lln•lll________________
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE
40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
ARTHUR K. POPE
Cod Cranberry Growers Associa-NVERSE HILL
tion, and research and extension
programs. The hope was ex-WILLIAM B. PLUMER
pressed that the Institute would ROBERT A. SULLIVAN
expand its programs to include EDWARD H. LEARNARD
more non-brand advertising and JOHN B.
promotional work.
Agricultural Engineer
The need for an agricultural en-Eng
gineer at the Cranberry Experi-rvin eoe
HORACE H. SOULE
CHARLES M CUTLER
EBEN A. THACHER
HERBERT R. LANE
VINCENT M. WILSON
CECILL, JR.
nd
o f N w En and
ment Station was discussed in de-Since 1859
the appointment of a qualified en-_
gineer to devote full timne to in-_-_
Three
Winter Water Management
We have some timely notes on
winter water management pre-
pared by Dr. Chester Cross. They
are as follows: "There is a pre-
vailing opinion that 'late-water'
crops of 25 years ago were smaller
t h a n comparable 'early-water'
crops. Recently, late-water and
early-water crops have inclined to
be about the same in size. The
most reasonable idea to account
for the change seems to be the
elimination of water deficiency in
bogs. This suggestion would
mean that if the bog is hurt by
water deficiency during winter, its
crop will be further reduced by a
late-h 'lding in the spring. Many
growers have been exposing the
bogs a good deal in the winter
and following this with a deep
spring flooding from about April
10 to May 25. With this proce-
dure, crops appear to be quite
heavy, keeping quality good, but
with some increase in fruit worm
infestation. Too little is known
factually, but with the new sub-
division of the State Bog it is
hoped that some of the above
points can soon be proved one way
or another. The flooding manage-
ment at the State Bog will be de-
signed to test some of these ideas
and should not be taken as a
guide to growers at present."
Oxygen Deficiency Reports
The Cranberry Experiment Sta-
tion and County Agricultural
Agents involved will again attenpt
to keep to keep informed when
growers when
oxygen deficiency oroo
conditions are becoming critical.
The radio, press, and flash cards
will be used for this purpose.
Feh M~ et
Fresh Mar et
Well Cleaned UpBy Dec. First
The Thanksgiving market saw a
good clean-up of fruit and first of
December both Eatmor and Na-
tional estimated there were not
more than 100,000 to 115,000 bar-
rels anywhere left unshipped. As
to the price that was another
story-the market was and has
continued soft.
Wholesalers of fruit in various
distributing points had good sales,
Four
and it was believed most ship-
-..ments had gone into the hands of
consumers. Blacks and odd varie-
ties have practically all been
closed out and it was expected by
both these major co-ops the 1956
fresh crop would be sold by
Christmas or in early January.
Prices on the average, while
better than last year have not
come up to a satisfactory figure,
at least that wanted by Eastern
shippers. Wisconsin shippers this
fall with the record crop for that
state widened their scope of sales
and have come into the market
from coast and the competition
between east and mid-West has
not made a strong market.
From the point of volume in
sales, that will probably be sound,
and it is not expected that by
September first of next year, ac-
cording to G. T. Beaton of Na-
tional that co-op will have more
than the 100,000 in freezers which
is a healthy condition. This figure
is anticipated without any resort
to incentive sales plans or hard
selling campaigns such as were
used last August to get the fro-
zen volume down to the level de-
sired, for the fresh market.
-
en s a
Cranberrya
"Black" Item?
Every grower knws that color
is important in the selling of cran-
berries. Eatmor Cranberries, Inc.
a o
of the Eatmor office in Carver,
Massachusetts never knew before
that color was a basis of rate of
import tax.
Eatmor made a shipment of 125
cases of Early Blacks to Belgium.
Back came a response that the
fruit arrived in wonderful condi-
tion, with an order for 150 cases
more, but the urgent request not
to mark them "Early Blacks."
Explanation was there is an ad-
ditional government 5 per cent
tax on any "black" items, and
Belgian customs authorities could
not be persuaded the cranberries
were not a "black" import since
the labels plainly said they were.
Why the distinction in color is not
explained.
MRS. CROSS FETED
BY NCA PERSONNEL
M
Mrs. Emma K. Cross, who has
been manager of the NCA office
staf at the Onset plant on
termination of 24 years of service
was feted by CA personnel at a
banquet at Red Coach Grille, Middlebro.
Mario Lince, Onset fore-
presented her with a wrist
wath in behalf of the group and
he eceie othe if including
pearl brooch and an armful of
roses.
Mrs.Cross is the mother of Dr
C. E. Cross director of Massachu
setts Cranberry Experiment station.
During her nearly quarter
century in the position she established
the record of being absent
only one half da The position
of office manager will be filled
by her former assistant Mrs.
Helen Vechi
____Hl
MASS GOD)ARDS BUY
FLORIDA PROPERTY
Mr. and Mrs. Harrison Goddard
recently of Middleboro, Massachu
setts, well known cranberry grow
ers are now residing in Florida
having purchased the Silver Sands
apartment hotel at Indian Rocks
Beach, Florida. Both are natives of
Plymouth.
Mr. Goddard continues to operate
the Sampson bogs in Plym
outh and Middleboro, although
they will spend more time in
Florida, where they have been
going for many years. In January
Mr.r Goa i have completed
winter-killing
30 years as a diretor and appraiser
for the Plymouth Federal
Savings and Loan Association and
intends to resign at that time.
This organization has grown from
one with assets of less than
$2,000,000 to one of $11,000,000
and is now in new quarters.
The motel in Florida will be
managed for the Goddards by
"Dan" and Priscilla Ellis formerly
of Plymouth.
Ad vertise in the
Bzl ines Directory
—
so1ON9AL CRANBERRy 4t
Issue of December 1956 -Vol. 21 No. 8
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $3.00 per year.
Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
MASSACHUSETTS WISCONSIN
-______________
'57 Bud Feared Not Good Nov. Cooler-Snow
For the first time in a number averaged below nor-
firstn the ~~~~~~aFortemperatures and slightly
of years the bud for the 1957 crop mslightly
of yearsbud forthethbove normal in precipitation.
above normal in p ipitation.
does not look too encouraging. Precipitation was mainly in the
Compiled by C.J.H.
pected to commence by mid-De
cenmber or as soon as the winter
floods are frozen down. Most of
the sanding is expected to be done
in the southern area.
Buds are small and not as plen-e nWASHINGTONr
form of snow with the northern
tiful as normal, apparently. Dr. of receiving twelve
part of the state receiving twelve
C. E. Cross is slightly worried to twenty four inches by mid No-
about the situation and is watch-verber. The central part of the
ing developments. state receiving half that amount.
November Cool
November was on the whole
cooler with a minimum of 22 on
two days and 23 on two. Maximum
for the month was 66 on two days.
Latter part of the month brought
bright sunshine accompanied by
an east wind and a lower humidity.
'This reached 40 percent on
the 23rd.
Production Figures
Of the Washington total production
figure of 62,725 barrels,
Grayland growers produced 40,392,
Long Beach 19,064 and North
Beach 4,019.
Picking Methods
Growers in the Grayland and
North Beach area, except for one
or two picked either with the suc
tion or Western, although there
are a few Darlingtons in Grayland.
Approximately 50 percent of the
Grayland crop was picked with
Western. North Beach picked with
Western and suction, As far as
Western and suction. As far as
Long Beach is concerned the en-
ire production is harvested with
"egg-heaters," with the exception
of two who use Westerns. West-
ems have gained in popularity and
there was a substantial increase
or
NEW JERSEY
Month of Extremes
November in the cranberry belt
of New Jersey was a month of
extremes. It was exteremely mild
FiYv
The month of November was
about 60 degrees above normal, a
warm month, but there were athe
warm month, but there were a
number of days of sharp weather
with minimums in the low teens.
The long, slow season of develop-
ment for harvest caused some
anxiety that terminal buds might
be meore susceptible to fall frosts
hbenmoresuscptibleto fall fadre
thn noral.check was mad
A
by station staff, but failed to show
any material damage, although
anys mqterial damage, although
oemse myt. Tseud
iproblemAdeqte
nl
Month started out cold, but
then moderated until Thanksgiv-
then moderated until Thanksgiv-
ing day when temperatures aver-
Rainfall totalled 3.65 inches which
was fairly adequate but more
would have been better. Water
have been better. Water
supplies were somewhat down for
the winter flooding. A few had
put on this flood by December
~~fi~~rst. ~still
first,
Sunshine Favorable
Sunshine factor toward next
year's production was favorable.
Work Tapering off
There had been a spurt of bog
work in early fall through Octo-
ber, but this had tapered off dur-
ing Novemrber. Returns from the
marketing were not encouraging
heavy expenditures,
There was little if any frost in
he marshes prior to the snowfall
marshes prior to the snowfall.
C temperatures the latter
part of November resulted in some
winter floding New plantings
had been flooded in early Novem-
ber Temperatures for the month
averaged 6-8 degrees below nor-
mal with the normal being about
30 degrees for the cranberry
growing area.
Fresh and Processed
eiAn eighty of
estimated percent
the crop had been shipped by De-
cember 1 with about sixty percent
going fresh and forty percent pro-
cessing. Preliminary estimates
are now that about sixty five per-
cent of the Wisconsin crop will
be sold fresh and thirty five per-
cent processing.
^ ^ ^ ^ „ ^
Estimate Still Holding
The estimated crop figure of 325
to 330,00 barrels for Wisconsin is
holding. Shrinkage appearsstill holding. Shrinkage appears
to be about normal and very much
less than last year. The later
varieties being held for the Christ-
mas and New Years markets ap-
pear to be keeping well. Also
moderate temperatures have re-
suited in less warehouse heating
than last year.
Sanding
Some sanding operations are ex-
in the first half of the month and
very cold in the latter half. There
were 15 relatively balmy days of
weather above 60 ° F., of which six
were above 70 ° F. At the other
extreme there were three days
during which the temperature
dropped below 20 ° F. On two oc-
°
casions it went as low as 11 F.
This allaveraged out at 47 ° F. for
°
the month, which is 0.9 warmer
than the average November for
this area.
Abundance of Water
Rain occurred on nine days and
totalled 3.33 inches. This is 0.35
less than normal. At the end of
November 46.84 inches of rain had
fallen, about three inches more
than normal for the entire year.
As a result an abundance of water
is on hand in the reservoirs, a
welcome contrast to the shortage
which existed last year at his
time.
Machine Pruning
A few growers have begun to
put on the winter flood, but as of
December 8th most of the New
Jersey cranberry bogs remain unflooded.
Considerable rake pruning
of vines was accomplished
during the month. It is interesting
to note also that an increas-
ingly larger acreage of vines is
being machine pruned each year
in New Jersey_.
CANADA
Maritime Crop Short
Cranberry crop in all of the
Maritime provinces has fallen very
short, it is now realized at con-
elusion of the season. The late
bloom coincided with good pollination
weather and an excellent
set was reported in most areas.
Cool, cloudy weather throughout
the summer slowed growth so
that berries were very immature
when the "sneak" frost came early
in September. Fruit size was small
even on the best bogs and this in
itself reduced the volume materi-
ally.
Harvest Scene Photographed
A photographer for the National
Film Board, Grant Crabtree, was
in the cranberry areas this past
fall and took a series of photo-
graphs of harvesting, packing and
marketing operations. These are
Six
expected to appear on County 90 degrees since last January first.
Calendar program of the Cana-First snow occurred on night of
dian television network. the 9th with less than an inch
generally, which melted swiftly.Late Developments Rainfall was but 1.54 inches.
Across the continued freezing
Temperatures in Massachusetts temperatures hit the Long Beach
continued for first of December Peninsula area in Washington.
on the mild side, 23 degrees above Mercury skidded to a low of 17 at
normal being recorded for first Cranguyma farmr on the 6th.
twelve days. Year, as a whole, There was light snow the follow-
however, has been colder by some ing night.
A
( l '
1 1
AN ORGANIZATION of SHIPPERS
IWORKING TOGETHER TO
IMPROVE CONDITIONS in
the I
t INDUSTRY
I FOR the BENEFIT OF
THE GROWERS
THE HANDLERS
THE CONSUMERS
DEAL WITH THESE MEMBERS WITH CONFIDENCE
Wareham, DMass. Chicago, Ill.
Cape Cod Cranberry Co-op. Inc. Habelman Bros.
Wareham, Mass. Tomah, Wisconsin
Cranberry Products, Inc. Morse Bros.
Eagle River, Wisconsin Attleboro, Mass.
National Cranberry Association
Hanson, Mass.
Maximization of Returns to manipulated, price could be forced
to go up as the market supplyCranberry Growers declines and to a point where the
by A. F. Wolf wealthiest consumers stop to buy
cranberries. This would be at a
Economist for the Cranberry Institute ridiculously high level. While this
According to the analysis of cranberry-price relationships prices goes on, i. e. as price continues
of cranberries have been influenced in recent years primarily by the to rise total returns to growers
variations of the market supply of cranberries. The analysis indicates decline after they have reached
little or no effect of any specific demand factors. the maxinrum point. Substitutes
The concept of demand is sometimes not clearly understood because develop if prices are unreasonably
many people interpret it to mean the equivalent to the quantity-cran-high.
berries in this instance-which has been sold or which the market has If the market supply can be
taken. This quantity is the amount consumed. When talking about determined or influenced price of
demand we must consider the relationship between a schedule of prices cranberries per bbl. should never
and a corresponding schedule of quantities, both schedules referring to be employed as criterion. The
a special market and commodity. This means that the term demand determining factor in supply con-
refers to quantities of cranberries which are purchased at various prices. trol should be returns to grow-
In most instances consumption berries since 1950, or thereabouts. er (1) with an eye o pces o
substitutes.
of a commodity increases when Consumer income was rising dur-substitutes
the price is lowered. Demand in-ing this period. The following illustration is
creases only when a larger quan-From the foregoing may be in-presented to show the relationship
tity is taken at the same price ferred that the major factor that between:
or the same quantity at a higher influenced cranberry prices in re-(1) Per Capita market supply
price. cent years has been the size of of cranberries.
According to general observa-the total market supply and its (2) Total market supply.
tions there are always two demand variation. It follows therefor that (3) Estimated farm value per
factors present within the price-any thoughts given to the improve-bbl.
quantity relationships of agricul-ments of returns to cranberry (4) Total returns to growers.
tural commodities. The two fac-growers, as far as the short run Above estimates indicate that
tors are (a) consumer income and is concerned, must take the ad-within the given range the high
(b) population. There are other justrnent of the market supply est estimated farm value per bbl.,
demand factors such as those into account and, also, a clear is associated with a .55 lb. per
which are created by shifts fromn allocation between fresh and pro-capita market supply (if the latfresh
to processed which may cessed berries. ter were only .45 lb. the estibring
into force an upward trend The criteria for the concretiza-mated farm value would be $23.75)
of demand on account of a tri-tion of these ideas are (1) the but that the highest estimated
dimensional expansion and special maximization of total returns to total returns to cranberry growers
upward shifts of demand such as growers and (2) the allocation would be in the vicinity of a mar-
are observed in the case of Flori-between different uses on the basis ket supply of .65 per capita, or a
da oranges. In the two latter of different elasticities of demand. total market supply of 1,080,000
cases it is the element of greater Regarding the maximization of bbls. of which an amount of say
convenience associated with proper grower returns the fact should be 120,000 bbls. may be carry-over.
promotion, advertising and mer-realized that greatest total re-If the market supply goes up from
chandising which tends to create turns to cranberry growers are
.65 to 1.05 lbs. per capita, returnsupward trends of demand. not associated with a market sup-
Downward trends of demand ply which commands the highest to growers are almost cut into
are also observed amongst agri-price per barrel. Assumed the one-half.
cultural commodities. total market supply could be For points of reference the fol-
Of the two major forces which Estimated Returns to Cranberry Growers
affect the demand for all agri-Under Varying Conditions of Market Supply 2)
cultural c o m m o diti e s namely, Est. Farm Val. Est. Returns
population and per capita consu-Per Capita Total No. Bbls. Per Bbl. to Growers
mer income, there is one which
according to the analysis of the (1) (2) (3) (4)
cranberry price-quantity relation-.55 913,000 $18.00 $16.4 (Millions)
ship has had no effect during re-.65 1,079,0001 15.50 16.7 "
cent years. .75 1,245,000 12.90 16.1 "
This factor is the per capita .85 1,411,000 10.15 14.3 "
consumer income which had no .95 1,577,000 7.50 11.8 "
apparent impact on prices of cran-1.05 1,743,000 5.00 8.7 "
§^ves
lowing total narket supplies are North Chicago for Wisconsin ber-16. There would be a slight in-
presented. ries, Markham, Washington and crease in force at Onset. Mr.
19152: 844,000 Bbls. Coquille, Oregon for Pacific fruit, Glover has considered that the
19!50: 1,432,700 " and Bordentown in New Jersey.
The estimated highest returns This is a trial step by President cooperation has more capacity
to cranberry growers are based on James E. Glover to effect economy than needed.
a .30 plus .35 (fresh and canned) in operation, and is the result of Headquarters, with administraallocation.
If this were to be cost studies which have been con-tion sales executives and research
changed either in favor of fresh pleted. He believes considerable
or in favor of processed the esti-savings can be made by closing w Hanon.
mated total returns would be the Hanson plant except for the Costs in this trial economy
somewhat lower or higher, respec-special lines and this will cut move will be carefully checked to
tively. This variation is the result employees there from about 40 to determine the future course.
of differences of the elasticity of
the demand for fresh cranberries,
on the one hand, and for canned . I .
cranberries, on the other. i
Above allocation roughly equals
a ratio of 46 to 54, or 46% of the
total market supply to the fresh
market and 54% to processors.
This is from the point of view of Happy hours spent with
returns to growers not the best
allocation of the market supply. amily andfriends.cheery
A better one would be a 40 : 60
allocation in which instance 60 per greetings exchanged
cent of the market supply is used-'
by processors. X
-_____'____________-
I times of laughter and song,
1) The writer wishes to state
that this is merely a theoretical and times of quiet happiness-
outline of what to expect if supply
control could be employed V may all these and many
legally in the form of a Federal R
marketing agreement and order, Other th n b
or by means of stiff quality regu-
lations. ,~!
2) The reader should consider yours; thats r hearty
the estimate as rough approvi-i 1 /il
s
mations only because the data on holiday wish for youwhich they are based are faulty I
in some respects. However, it can /
be stated that the point of -ea-t
est returns lies in the vicinity of FRANK P. CRANDON
the market supply as indicated.
The illustration dcas therefore HERBERT C. LEONARD
serve its purpose.
NCA Hanson Plant
Closes Most Canning
Onset Will Be Mass. Center L EQUIPMENT CO
In Economy Move
National Cranberry Association Ashne, Massac
closed down its canning operations closed down its canning operations Street Acushnet, Massachusetts
91 Leoard
at Hanson, Mass. November 30th,
indefinitely, except for cocktail, the I ^
new whole sauce and trial lines. I ... ^
Massachusetts sauce canning will
for the present be done entirely '
at the modern Onset plant, only
plants operating being those at t "t . ..........
............
Eight
US INTO ICKING MACHINE AGE pertainlform a rising 50 percent of
ijii the total crop was so harvested,
Rudy Hillsrom of the West perhaps up to 70 percent. Per-
centage mustbe a certainly high in
::This is the story of nurrbers
*ra
Without growers,asons.harvest-
!~The: some of larger the East
the in
continu to
cranberry have mainly ed depend
labor to mechanization... Many of singe shortly after the nCivil two "m allergrower
For years
he had the vision, the energyyears' time harvestingscoop will
ticism to bring us into the full use, the be exception, ll extinc t,
a but
'....::i~iiii~i~i.Bi.......i~i~i...~....~.~..:.i:..i~i....~inow. question.
thousand, maybeyond
picking machines were availableBut this is the story of a pio-
of the man
neer, a West,out not
Laborl
in quantity..........
been where grow-
upping steadily. Labor has Coast, cranbersome ers to pick b y
getting scarcer. This past fall suction pickers. There are no r started,inga man with theofcon-a
i~?~iiii?~ viction, the plausibility
!i~i~i~i~i~i~iipiii~i~i.i~ii ! natural salesman-promoter, R. J.
d not machines.
-:~i
and....i_i'::-~i~
It took quite a bit of showman-
that cranberries could be picked
ili~!i~?i with a mechanical picker. In
!::i~i::i:~jjgi~iiii~~:si~iiiii~i January of that year Hillstrom
~ j5.~~i'~.i~
?~iiii~iii ~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii~iii:~ startled the industry by showing
~iiiiiij........ iiiij~ii:::::·~::: m'ovies of a novel method of picking
cranberries with a machine.
81 ... i~~i~i~ii~i~8 He gave shows in all the cranpast
areas Within to
others have been important, but War. But never until the berryohasn'tand couldn't.from the Pacifica fewing
the Atlantic Coasts.
.Growers were interested and
l.........curious, but not convinced that
mechanical picking could actually
!:i.... .......be done without grave injury to
~X~:~ithe vines, or without a great loss
i-ij:~l~j~ii':·l::-ii~iiii-:iiiiiC
of berries.
STORY OF A MAN WHO "PIONEERED" The averagegrower would like
US INTO "PICK(ING MVIACHINE" AGE perform on somebody else's bog,
lateregions day. This usually meant bogs hav-Coos
hadgrowing readily-available statistics Hillstrommostofxact Bay, Oregon,
rather than on his own-the po
"Rudy" Hillstrom of the West has fought since 1946 that tential damage was too great-there
must be a change in harvesting'Has crossed the but he wold travel several miles
country 37 times and is familiar in every cranberry area to see it operate on Joe Doakes'
This is the story of a pioneer. growing seasons. Without harvest-bog.
The story of a man who in the ing devices the 1956 crop might This was, in fact, the greatest
past 9 years has done, beyond a have remained unpicked in part. obstacle to the introduction of
doubt, most to revolutionize the Picking machines have been mechanical picking in the induscranberry
harvest from manual dreamed of, even made small use try.
labor to mechanization. Many of since shortly after the 'Civil For two years "Rudy" travelled
others have been important, but War. But never until the past from Coast to Coast showing
he had the vision, the energy to three or four years have harvest-every grower who would care to
pull through the inertia and skep-ing machines come in general look, how mechanical pickers
ticism to bring us into the full use, become the commonplace. worked, and tried to induce him
cranberry picking machine age There were probably up to a to have his bog mechanically har
now. thousand, maybe a few more pick-vested.
And it was none too soon that ing machines of all kinds in use Needless to say, only marginal
picking machines were available this fall, this including the so-bogs were picked thusly--stuff
in quantity. Labor costs have been called "egg-beaters" of the West that was too poor for hand pick-
upping steadily. Labor has been Coast and even the cumbersome ers to pick by the bushel, or grow-
getting scarcer. This past fall suction pickers. There are no ers to pay hand pickers by the
most growing regions had late readily-availahble exact statistics. day. This usually meant 'bogs hay-
Nin,
ing 15 to 35 barrels per acre, and
located sonme 10 miles or more
apart. These were trying days for
the pioneer.the pioneer.
During the first two picking
seasons of 1947 and '48 thirty-
five Western Pickers were built-
of five different types. This was
to take care of the extreme varia
to take cae of the extreme varia-
tion of bogs between the East
and West Coast, and also varia-
tions in bogs side by side. These
first machines cost more than
$2000.00 apiece, and after two
years of trial and alterations, were
junked. But the experience gained
from these impractical pickers
went into the construction of he
first universal commercial type
Western Picker in 1949.
Over $70,000.00 was spent Hillstrom
reports in these first two
years to perfect a mechanical
picker which would meet the ex-
pectations of a few pioneering
cranberry growers, willing to take
a chance with this new picker.
The question was always; why
should this new mechanical pick-
er be any better, or radically different,
than 20 other previous
mechanical marvels that had been
tried out in the last 50 years and
more?
This then, was the history of
the prototype of the Western
Picker, that was to revolutionize
the industry, until today not many
growers are left who do not hope
to mechanize their picking as soon
as feasible. Gone in the main, are
the days of the manufacture of
hand-scoops.
But before this new picker could
be successfully introduced, opera-
tors had to be trained to make
demonstrations.
Bogs had to be found in loca-
tions where as many growers as
possible could and would attend.
Leaders in the industry had to
be contacted, convinced, and invited
to attend.
Demonstrations had to be widely
separated so that large areas of
the industry could be covered.
Expert cranberry growers had
to judge whether the future of the
bog was helped or harmed by
mechanical picking.
Many other similar problems
arose during these early intro-
Ten
ductory years. Every year new ideas were tried
Western Picker History out, either by the growers them-
The Stankavich Brothers of selves submitting these ideas, or
Bandon, Oregon, invented this mechanical improvements were
picker in 1945 and '46. In the made by machinists skilled in
Fall of 1946 Hillstrom purchased
the rights and completed the de-these arts.
velopment and patented this ma-The time each year for testing
chine. a machine was limited to 2 or 3
L
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CO P k
COMPANY
Manufacturers of
Man a ers
Folding Paper
Boxes
1 88 1 -75TH 1 956
105 SPRING ST. EVERETT, MASS
Tel. EV 7-1240-1241-1242
weeks, so that it necessarily took
many years to go through the list
of potential improvements.
One peculiar thing that entered
into the physicology of this post
war development was the fact
that in 1946, growers had re-
ceived unheard of prices for their
5...........
.
11~|~~~ 9^~~ I
1,1' ~
E,-xj Mn vi r X
berries, and the actual cost of
picking was a very minor consideration.
This also made it hard
to introduce mechanical picking,
especially when hand-labor was
both plentiful and cheap.
Hillstrom
Hillstrom graduated in mechanical
engineering from Oregon State
College in 1922. While in college
he perfected a process for the
II2 ~ ~ ~ a~ PaL.\~ carbonization of
4low-temperature
IIpw I Pacific Coast coal, to prevent its
EI.~~ ' .~-. Ig slacking away during storage
IIo' *,~~ * * I periods-and to extract volatile
II2i l ,~• *~ ^~ in this
@~ oils and valuable chemicals
process. Over 10,000 new chemi
"Noel! Noel!" In song and story, the wonderful message of cals were discovered in this process,
which were mainly homo-
Christmas lives anew and fills our hearts with "Peace, Good Will logues of phenol and cresol, and
to All Men." May you celebrate Christmas both merrily and many of which have not been
named as yet. After 14 years he
prayerfully, in the good old-fashioned way. patented this process in 1933,
which was also the depth of the
depression.
I RABERRY PRODUCTS, INC In the nmeantime
iEAGLE RIVER, Iork.l
RIVER, WISCONSIN gaged in general
%86bIE work.
EI ~ VERNON GOLDSWORTHY, PRESIDENT After the Astoria,
:GIi~~~~~~ :~~i d~^~~~~of Christmas, 1922
he was en-
engineering
Oregon, fire
he designed
many of the new concrete founda1lllllli]
illlEiyik llllOll!lIlll'ii I llllL IItllllllEllllllllltlllllllh l llflllllfh fIIIfIIIII fIItIII tions for the buildings in the new
* SP-EE DEE ^MMarnnv i ly dredged-in city area.
• SPEE-DEE CRANBERRYI In 1925 he helped design and
j gQ(OR BLUEBERRY) build the Port of Coos Bay hy-
FlLLUG MACHINE B draulic dredge.
Later he worked out the gen-
I eral plans for the Marshfield,
School athletic field
tOftfers Yolu .U^-Oregon High
g U •
SPEEDS
48 OR^O^T MORE PER
I SPEEDS TO 48 OR MORE PER
B MINUTE -SIMPLE OPERATION
I TELESCOPIC ADJUSTMENTS
-CLA-schools
VERSATILITY -EASY
•I|~ VERSATILITY^H^TES
ING FOR SANITATION
§ LOW MATINTENANCE COST
TROUBLE-FREE
S SPOUTS THAT
CONTAINERS
* CONTAINE_
s'"*A~~
OPERATION
FIT YOUR
~~SPEE-DEE
MANUFACTURED BY
^ ^ g*.ltl. which later developed into the
-B Coos Bay High School system.
c
He was a general contractor
l from 1924 to '46. Constructing
lighthouses, coastguard stations,
~ and residences on the West
CLEANoast.
_ He was a musician in college,
E and helped introduce the banjo into
the dance world in 1919 and
for many years he was in the
amusement business as a side line.
During most of his life he has
A been an ardent "barbershop har-
FILLER I mony" singer, and has directed
I amateur minstrel shows.
tOe thing he has noticed about
SPEE-DEE Packaging Machinery Corp.
* the cranberry industry as a whole,
Div. OF PAUL L. KARSTROM CO. i namely that cranberry growers
have nearly
1816 W. 74th St. Chicago 36, Ill. av nal
mind in all
|I Also distributors of CMC Automatic Cartoner I They think
llllllBlllIlllBl IIullllullllullllllllul u lElullllln lluhllBBIil sanie thing,
the same state of
the same sate
the producing areas.
and say about the
they act and react
Eleven
about the same way regarding the
economics of the industry, and
they have a feeling of fraternity
with all other cranberry growers.
Pioneered in All Areas
Mr. Hillstrom, often accom-
panied by Mrs. Hillstrom has
crossed the country no less than
37 times up to last fall, and this
does not include the numerous
times he has gone from the West
Coast only as far east as Wiscon-
sin. He has been in Nova Scotia
nearly a dozen times and to
British Columbia. There isn't a
cranberry area in the U.S. or
Canada he has not visited. He has
gained an almost unbelievable
knowledge of individual bogs
everywhere and knows, personally,
a tremendous number of cranberry
growers.
Mass. Committee
Studies Program
For Next Year
Winter meeting of the cran-
berry advisory cosnmittee of
Massachusetts, which includes representatives
of the four cranberry
same whether 30 barrels or 90 per
acre are produced; possibilities of
a "pre-harvest school," where in-
structions might be given in sim-
pie repairs and operation of picking
machines; market studies; tax
problems, and, of course, continu-
ing quality control.
Among those attending were:
Oscar Norton, Howard Hiller,
Louis Sherman, Victor Adams,
John Shields, Francis Kendrick,
Arthur Handy, Robert Hammond,
Gilbert
Maurice
side, B.
Leland
chusetts,
Beaton, Chester Robbins,
Makepeace, Kenneth Gar-
D. Crosman and Allan
of University of Massa-
Oscar Johnson, Dominic
ADVERTISE IN
I IN
C .RANBERR IEPSI
CRANBERRIES
MAGAZINE
clubs, Cape Growers' Association,Carver
Cranberry Institute, county agents,
members of station staff met at i
State Bog November 27 to dis
State Cranberry Specialist "Dick"
Beattie is chairman. This is the
committee, which with the Thanksgiving
market closed and a general
lull lays plans for extension
service and other
Majcr subjects
w ere
production
cluded yields per
pointed out costs
activities.
under discussion
costs, includesrep- .
which
acre, as it wasin.....
are about e the
Is My Business
John
WEST
Van de Poele
ABINGTON, MASS.
PREFABRICATED
UNION 6-3696
HYDRAULIC
FLUMES
Twelvo
Marini, Darrell Shepherd, Conser-
vation and "Joe" Kelley.
-_
i i . ,. lni
"Ask
The
i
i Grower
/ Who
1 Belongs"
i
NDIAN RAIL Inc.
262 W. raRd A e.
W*isconsinRapids, wiseonsin
1111
....
CONSULTANT
North Carver, ~%sv.
1. ,r^ .I ISSUE OF DECEMBER 1956
_.x4;,j 21 --VOL.
NO
HARD MARKETING FACTS
THE 1956 fresh marketing season is
largely over. In volume sales it appears it
will have been satisfactory. There doesn't
appear to be any undue carry-over in
prospect. But income is rather a different
matter. This is certainly true of the East,
where the bulk of the crop is still pro-
duced. And will be for sometime to come
despite Wisconsin's tremendous gains in
the national picture.
Wisconsin this fall, with its unexpected
(at least in the East) record crop has
widened its marketing base. Wisconsin
berries were in markets from coast to
coast. That was an important factor in
the selling of the fresh crop of this year.
Competition has reputedly always been
the life of industry. It probably is
still true of cranberries. But, it has come
down to the rather hard-to-say fact that
it was mostly too much competition be-
tween Massachusetts and Wisconsin fruit
which depressed the market most of the
season. Massachusetts growers seem to be
pretty unanimous in the belief that they
must sell at $4.00 a quarter, $16.00 a bar-
rel, to net $10 or $11 for a break-even
price and maybe a little profit. Eastern
growers seemed agreed in the opinion that
Wisconsin growers can break even and
make some profit at a lower selling figure.
That seems to have been the crux of
the matter this fall. That, and perhaps as
one distributor put it the market had lost
faith in the industry. That is to say, with
the unstable market of the past several
years, a buyer had only to wait or offer
a lower bid and his price would be met.
The buyer hesitated to buy, the market
was always unstable-no confidence.
That Wisconsin can get more barrels
per acre (some 78.8 per barrel average
compared to 40.7 in '55 for Massachu-
setts) that production costs through Na-
ture, because of different cultural prac-
tices (such as water raking) more efficient
growing methods or all three is Wiscon-
sin's good fortune. Wisconsin at present
is by far the second most important seg-
ment in barrel total. It is no use for the
East to cry about the matter. The urgent
need from the eastern point of view is to
do something about it.
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL-Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
SOR
L R
Wisconsin Rapids
Washington-Oregon
CHARLES C. DOUGHTY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach Wash.
Long Beac,
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
M chusetts
DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable C y Al
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
B,
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT
P. E. MARUCCI
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station
Pemberton, New Jersey
MASS. IS ALERT
MASSACHUSETTS is trying to do some
thing about this. It
whenever leading
gather. It is on the
studies and effort.
estate tax rates for
under fire; not only
is a major subject
cranberry growers
agenda for future
Massachusetts real
cranberry bogs are
is NCA taking this
up, but also Cranberry Institute, Massachusetts
Farm Bureau Federation and
Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association.
There is much hope the increased
use of picking machines will lower barrel
costs-and also increase production. There
can be savings in important items such As
sanding, fertilizer, fungicide, insecticide
application, even greater mechanization.
Massachusetts will be striving to cut
costs-and so will all other areas-including
Wisconsin.
Thirteen
r~~iiiiiiisiiiii~~~~~~~~iiiiiiiiiiiii~~~~~~~ii
~ ~
.......
ijI~~i~i~i~i~i~iiii.::::.I~5:..i f~'~ Eliiiiiiaiiiii.
~ ~ i~iiiiiiiiiitiixi~iii~~iiiiiiii~i~8i
ij(8i:ii iI PS1 ................
..........
-Ity Rovichanebina Small~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iiiiii~iiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Selectedfor On~~~iiiiiiii~e sequetly., made afiluie, withth
Of Great
~~r&L~~~iiiijiljliliiiii~~los of s veral hundr d dolars.
Programs
Radio arly Grorners
bein
Picture, interiewed or (Edtor's ote) Te f olowing
the taped "Lee
radioprogramis a continuation from last month
anoher istalment
and i n ealy
9!~ii~~
Con-Linuingi~ in the~ words of Mr.ii~ijiilijl'jjii~
olmes,"Durin the nxt fou
years, Captain ~ visited
Small ::~ the~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Choo-nboysand mde aclos
took and built a bog and sincei~iiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiit
thatthe surfacetime hasof thebeenbog. He, con-
one of theiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiii
mot sccssfl roersofhi
sequently, made a failure, with the
time on Cape Cod."iiiiiiiiii~i iiii~iiiiii~iiiiiiloss of was born Harwichdollars."
Small several hundredin ini~iii
1798 the theBenjamin of Mr.
Holmes,He himself"During tonext at
Continuingson inof words Small.jjijiiiiijiiiiiiiii:
hied awaythe sea foura:iil~iiS~itilliiiililiiiijii
years, Captain Small visited the
Cahoon boys and made a close
study of cranberry culture, but did
not attempt it again until he was
fully satisfied. In 1850 he undertook
and built a bog and since
att s o f h
time on Cape Cod."
in Harwich in
1798 the son of Benjamin Small.
He hied himself away to sea at a
trifle early age, even for a Cape
Cod boy-when he was eight. He
worked his way to be master in
foreign trades when he was 19.
I
PE
relations for CA and Miss La-
(Jis, editor
of National Association
Bta fBuchan
of Manufacturers' p u b 1 i c a t i o n
3Selected"Progre~~~I"ssfor Th-e
Notes." programwill be heard New
over manyRado Programsradio the first
England
stations
Pictured,of the year.
being interviewed for
with our own
Capt. Zebina
Zebina Small
By hesam "rasy
One Of Great
tain Small made his,
One Of Great
and then his success.
Small
on, Cp-
i iiij
-first failure
He com-
Earlymenced (according iGrowers M.
toiiiiii,0.
(Editor'sin note) of 1883)
Holmes his speechThe following
thetaped radio iisprogram ML~ee a continuation frlom last month
the taedradio
prograand
Landis Reports," is Miss Betty
Buchan (left) director of public
relations for NCA and Miss Lan-
(Jis, editer of National Association
of Manufacturers' publication
"Progress Notes." The program
will be heard over many New
England radio stations the first
of the year
Miss Buchan's voice is one of
several N. E. women in industry
which will be heard. Selection of
Miss Buchan was on the basis
cf her success in public relations.
Betty, a native of Andover, Massa-
chusetts has been engaged in
newspaper work, served with the
WAC and has been with National
as publicity editor and director of
public relations for several years.
iiiiiBShein Duxburvy.
lives
Fourteen
is another installment on early
Harwich cranberry growing. It is
interesting to note the experiences
fwith our own
with own.
Capt Zebina Small
By the same "Grassy Pond, Cap-
tain Small made his first failure
and then his success. He corn-
menced (according to M
Holmes in his speech of 1883)
about 1847, "and", according to
Mr. Holmes, "like the others, he
first planted vines where there
was water, and sometimes over
. ::.~
I
C
F
-^
T F l,
SH -1
SALES
I .OFFICE i
i A Uf
I 367 M I &' A
ST
367"MIN ST. WAREHA MASS.w
He continued to follow the seas tie trouble from grass or
until the early 1840's. Then he weeds; have had generally
sold the last ship he had built for fair crops, which convinced
him, the "Emr ulous". me that the failure in my first
Tells of Own Experiment attempt was not on account of
He told of his own cranberry soil or location, but wholly
experiments in a letter to J. J. owing to the wrong material
White in 1870, which appears in used in covering the muck, or
the White book. He wrote: sand, and keeping the ground
I prepared two small patches too wet.
of muck swamp land by clear-l-le proceeded to build other lit-
ing off the bushes and surface tle "patches" of bog along the
turf, or that containing the brook which flowed out of Grassy
flush roots, then covered it Pond. In the letter to Mr. White
some three or four inches with he gave a comprehensive story of
sand and gravel, set out the his efforts, the letter being writ-
vines, and kept the water ten, of course, from the experi-
within Lwo or three inches of enco he had gained up to 1870.
the surface. His next operation, and the one
The vines g.rew very slowly, which he thought the most profit-
but grass and weeds luxuri-able on the "original cost of any
ously, and bothpatchesproved patch in this region, was on a peat
an entire failure. swamp of about two acres; the
However, he peraevered, as his growth upon it was huckleberry
letter continued: bushes, shmall maples, and a kind
leAfew years teof low uconheti with us called
fewd o , bushes."
athegra laurel
wheeled off the gravel and
The first-hand informnation con-
loam from both patches, and ^ ^ ^ ^
put on three or four inches of crning this era his letter affords,
sand and gravel that was en-went on to tell that the soil was
tirely free from loam or clay; from one to three feet of turf and
drained so that the water in peat, underlaid with a thin strat-
the ditches was from twelve um of white sand, then a hard pan.
to eighteen inches below the He noted the swamp could be
then set the drained and flooded almost any
surface, and Hevines, as we usually do, in time from the pond nearby.
small hills, of six or eight prepared this, as he had the oth-
shoots, or pieces, eighteen ers, putting on white sand from
inches each way. The vines the edge of the swamp and upland.
grew well, and with very lit-He set the vines, which, to quote
directly, "by way of accident,
,'-'l"-1-[-". n —l — proved to be about the best vines
YT\ \J [ yet found in this part of the coun-
7 D
1101D 1x1 try." Were they Blacks, but un-
lWE-recognized as such? He says they
GIANi7 POWER GIANT i put out a fine crop on the third
for 1957 offers year, but then he began to have
! sh B o Driving trouble from the vine worm.
tton Driving Was About Ready to "Give Up"
3 Speed Automatic Transmission He has previously been quoted
i More Powerful V-8 Engine as to his difficulties with the vine
& G.C.W. i worm or fireworm in about 1854-
Improved G.V.W.
how afterIAdvanced Gorward look Styling 55. It has been told
AvneI fowadIoo'bying trying various experiments such
^^ef
Full-opening allegator Hood I
ulpeng aegator H ! as sprinkling the vines with ashes,
Many Other Features lime, pepper, tobacco and "several
I other articles", without good re-
suits, he was about to give up
IRobert '. Savary I
g\UUil ^ ai lV.~cranberry culture as a failure.
-East But in the spring of 1857, I
Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 63-R concluded to try the experi-
i !~~~~~~~~ _ __ _ _!__^_^_ ment of keeping the water on
over the vines later than usual
(about the first of April) and
did not let it of until the 4th
of.June,. and flooded and let
off again three times until the
20th of June, letting the water
stay on each time twenty-
four to forl.-eight hours; the
result was that the vines were
undisturbed by the vine worm.
They put out well for a crop,
and, after quite a portion of
the iruit was eaten by. the
fruit worn, I ha, /ested about
110 barrels.
He further said of flooding, he
did not find it necessary to flood
more than once where the water
can be kept on until the water is
warm enough to destroy the egg
of the vie wor, hich he noted
was deposited on the underside of
the vine leaf. "I find that the insect
takes no note of the month,
or day of the month, in making its
appearance, but is governed entirely
by the temperature of the
air or water.
F^
Fall Floodi
Of fall flooding, Captain Small
had some conclusions:
Where we have the means
of flowing at pleasure, I think
it is well to flow soon after
picking time, and let the water
off after the hard frosts-
here, in Massachusetts, about
the 20th, or last of May.
He had trouble with excessive
vine growth, which appeared to be
his greatest trouble when hewrote
in 1870:
I have tried by several
methods to overcome this
trouble but the only one that
seems to promise any favorable
results is putting on, or
among the vines, some two or
three inches of sand; the best
way, I find, is to spread it on
the ice when the vines are
flowed in the winter.
Noted Various Insects
There are several other insects
that interfere more or
less with our cranberry crops,
which, as yet, we have not
been able to find any remedy
for; the most destructive and
the least likely to be noticed
by growers, is a very small,
orange-colored insect, called
Fifteen
the tip-worm, which preys $200
only on the new-formed
per acre to $700. "Poor" bogs to this point, has been posed to
buds $200 to $500. One town reported indicate
or at the tip or the shoots. the variations in valua
"no fixed valuations." Another has tion. Note alsoThis insect is too small to be valuations states that the
readily seen, but its presence
ranging from $800 to State legislature is cognizant of
is indicated by two leaves at
$200 per acre. One, "average, $500 the problem of the inequities of
the top of the shoot standing
per acre. One town assessed as taxation as effecting those en-high as $1,000 for "top" bogs, one gaged in agriculture.
erect, and concaved, or spoon-from $600
bowl shaped on the inner or acre.
to as low as $50 per It has been stated that Massabud
side. It seems to do its
chusetts taxes per barrel have run
work inthe summer, while the
One town placed a valuation as high as $2.00 while it may be
berry upon the five-year average in bar-only a few
is growing, and buds rels from cents in Wisconsin.
forming for next year's crop. top rate
70 up to 12 or less. The Mr. Glover admits it will be ain this town is $1,000 hard battle to obtain substantial
Very few yards are entirely
free from this insect. Some
per acre and the lowest $100. real estate reduction for growers,
can be found in almost every The material sent to the town
The material sent to the town but he hopes tocranberry patch, and, in a few taxing authorities concludes with the Farm
enlist support of
cases, they Bureau Federation andhave been known the statement that variations others
to destroy the whole crop. shown do not make up an ideal
interested in the problems
(CONTINUED NEXT MONTH) solution
facing agriculture in Massachuand
all the information setts.
LOST ON BOG
"Two East Greenwich, Rhode
Island hunters were back home CRANA
today after being lost in a cran-
berry bog near the Connecticut
line for seven hours," reported a
Massachusetts newspaper. The bog
was that of the Colonial Cran-Quality Cranberry Products
berry Company near Greene, R. I.,
owned by Ralph Thacher, John Retail -Institutional
Learoyd, Ed McConnell and Alden
-Inustrial -Gift Packs
C. Brett. Mr. Brett, who is execu-Cranguyma Farms
tive secretary of the 'Cranberry
Long Beach, Washington
Institute, on hearing of this corn-
mented. "I am not surprised; some
of my dollars have been wander-
ing in that bog for five years and r _. T.ii.
I am beginning to wonder if they
ever will find their way out."
Taxation
(Continued from Page 2)
tax rate an unequitable burden is
pled with a high and increasing
being placed on bog owners or
other holders of agricultural real wish to
estate. "So that now our problem wishes
extend holiday
to all for a Yuletide
might be stated, 'just how are
cranberry bogs assessed, and if filled with the bet things of
different than other real estate, life: good health ood fellow-
why shouldn't cranberry bogs bed p-
assessed like other properties?'" ship and high happness.
Examples of tax rates by towns
designated by letters from "A"
on, show variations of many sorts.
One town values "good" bog at Pymouth ounty
$800 per acre, another at $1,000, l Eletric o.
C.
"Class A" bogs at $500 an acre, WAREHAM LYMOUTH
the same in another town at $700.
Some classify dry bogs at $400 || TEL. 200 TEL. 1300 an acre, "Fair" bogs vary from
Sixteen
4 , .......
.4.
Bee {o "'~ ". 1~ 1 eS g ma al s s ..........; i ."
*.*eed' ',
('1'B.. i M
TheGrowers' Cooperative;;~:::::::~;~; 5·-?
;·;·:·:·:·:·:n-r1Pnfw;n-N -T clo llilt-.. O n
, .The Cooperative.
Growers'
There hs
i a
abide with you always. May its spirit o[ good
throughot the new year.
ASSOCIATION::;:;::::.:
NATIONAL CRANBERRY !;
9
g Hanson, Bordentown, N. J. Coquille. Ore.
Mass.
Onset, Mass. North Chiago, Illinois Markham, Wash.
:>-wS -r $R me r .* m
IONCE AGA IN
HAS NT MEA
MIOR the best IlamA
N EA A e in
J Freesk s
Cranberrie
TO MORE PEOPLE -IN MORE PLACES .
THAN ANY OTHER BRAND.
Quality and Long Range Planning !
are the answers--that's why we say,
EATM"OR -the best name in
Fresh Cranberries
Y
1I 44 W. 14th Place, Chicago
1dtIBatmo^
Pemberton, N. J. Carver, Mass. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisc.
r~,.-s asA..j
=
Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page
Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page
PREVIOUS.............Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine November, 1956
NEXT.................Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine January, 1957
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SERVING A $20,000,OQO a vEaR INDUSTRY
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Eatmore Cranberry Sauce Cape & Vineyard
DIVlSON OF
Morris April Bros. Electric Company
EXCLUSIVE PROCESSORS OF }ED· *
Orleans
Provincetown
BRIDGTON -MILLVILE -TUCKAHOE r P
NEW JERSY Vineyard Haven
^BOG |Wareham Savings
SERVICE & SUPPLIES Bank
INSECTICIDES Falmouth Branch
FUNGICIDES Welcome Savings Account
Loans on Real Estate
WIGGINS AIRWAYS Safe Deposit Boxes to Rent
Helicopter Spray
and Dust Service PHONE WAREHAM 82
R. F. MORSE FALMOUTH 80
WEST WAREHAM, MASS.
—~~~~
The National Bank of Wareham
Conveniently located for Cranberry Men
Funds always available for sound loans
Complete Banking Service
Member Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
PRINTI
T FIL
IlERY
0
"FOR THE BEST IMPRESSION"
PRINTERS AND LITHOGRAPHERS
JUNCTION ROUTES 3 &44
Y M ASS.
PLYMOUTH ,
Telephones: 775-656
Tell us you sawv our ad in "Cranberries"
EQUIPMENT
H A Y EN
SEPARATOR
FERTLIZER
WAREHAM, MASS.
MYE 'I SPRAYERS
PMPS
SEPARATORS -BLCWERS
SCREENHOUSE EQUIPMENT
DARLINGITONI
PCK MAC
Extensive Experience in
ELECTRICAL WORK
ALFRED PAPPI
At Screenhouses, Bogs and
Pumps Means Satisfaction
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
ADVERTISE
in
CRAJNBERR IES
IT'S 1960 Cranberry growersWATER 3 years ahead, the only car have enjoyed two decades
WTRWIESU.DDENJLY
K E R c S E N E that dares to break the o successful use of
time barrier KROP -SAVER
For use on Cranberry Bogs PLYMOUTTH Insecticides, FungicidesILYMOUTHVIJV -Herbicides
juI Iand
Also STODDARD SOLVENT OD AV
For the time of your life KROP-SAVER
get behind the wheel of the Better Chemicals
Prompt Delivery Service mighty For Agriculture
Franconia Coal Co. e 61}Ralso i
_1NP11 1
Dusters, Sprayers, Mist Blowers
i^Robert -Inc.~||~ Robert W. Savary and Air-Blast Dusters
Inca Savary
SALES & SERVICE CROP-SAVER
Wareham, Mass. East Wareham, Mass. CHEMICAL COMPANY
Tel. 39-R Tel. 63-R Spring Green, Wisconsin
CRANBERRY 0
GROWERS 71/2 h. p.SLOW SPEED AMES IRRGATION SYSTEMS
Choose and Use ENGINE (500 RPM) RAINBIRD SPRINKLERS
Niagara Dusts, Sprays and You Won't Live to 9
Dusters Wear It Out PRIZER APPLICATORS
$50.00
FOR
Take a Look at It. FERTILIZERS & INSECTICIDES
Niagara Chemical A A
Division l
Food Machinery and ENGINEEIG CO. Charles W.Harris
Chemical Corporation PUMPS Company
Middleport, New York HANOVER, MASS. Somers Avenue
New England Plant and Warehouse 26 Somerset Avenue
Ayer, Mass. Tel. Spruce 2-2365 TAylor 6-2341 North Dighton, Mass.
Send ACopy
To Your Friends. . . WITHOUT CHARGE CRANBERRY PICKING
the
Please send a free copy
persons listed below:
of CRANBERRIES with my compliments to BOXES
-.. _ _ _ , Shooks, or Nailed
To To I Let me repair your broken
boxes-or repair them yourself.
Address---*Address---------------------------------------Always on Hand
Stock
*Jl~~~~~~~~~~ .i| North Carver, Mass.
Adres -----.-..-..
I _„........„„.„.........„........-..........T.......6 f5I---------
------------------ ---..... a..
-Address Z iy--------------------........-...........
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~O~r-A-faaa
GLOVER REQUESTS RE-EXAMINATION
OF MASS. BOG TAXATION VALUES
NCA eiids Out Letters torel cf cranberries, and the prob-
70 Towns Where Berries lem is further accentuated when
1Are Grown you compare these towns gen-
further step in an attept t erally with towns in other states I KER
A further in an attempt to
obtain more favorable real estate where taxes are more uniformand
taxes for Massachusetts growers, based on a more realistic agriculgain Aain sis momga
more in line with other areas, has tural valuation. early e
"Under General Laws Chapter
been taken by President James . "Under General Laws 7
Glover, president of National. Let-valuation is1
ters have gone to the board of geerally based on the fair and picker t a reduced price
assessors rcf 70 Massachusetts
rf value. in of
tassessownrsM in Southeastern Massachu-
assessors cash Now most these
7 ctowns
I^towns.t' e dsetts we estate plac rer
t find that most real By yourIt states that enclosed data is actually assessed for thirty or now, you will save on
poses a problem that has been
poses a that has been forty per cent of the cash value. your next years
"gnawing at the vitals" of theo purchases a
An individual who purchases a
cranberry industry in Massachu-h and l fo t thousand
house and lot for ten thousand WESTERN
setts for some time, and so much dollars will have an assessed value
?ICgER
introwerest has been generated e of about tre thousand five hun-Instead of $930.00 next
growers of NCA that Mr. Glover dred dollars placed on it for pur-
desires to contact these boards e i July, your Western Picker
poses of real estate tax. This in-
in person or by representative, dividual can turn around and sell will cost only
Harold Betzold, Jr. an attorney of s house and lot for probably
the three times the assessed value.
cooperative, " U'
The data declares that National But is this the case with real
Cranberry Association after many estate for cranberry bogs? An advanced payment of 50.00
complaints of tax inequities as to "It is submitted that the above will save you $90.0 t year.
agricultural real estate and parti-is not the case with cranberry In this manner Western Pickcularly
cranberry bogs has begun bogs. In fact, in many towns, they er will know how many ma-
a program of investigation and are assessed for sixty or seventy chines to build and growers
research into what can be done per cent of their cash value and who will want pickers be sure
to rectify the problem that faces in some instances for as much or of getting theirs.
members. more than their cash value. In
"The problem is manifold, but many instances a bog owner would — can
be stated simply, that it makes have to sell his property for less
a lot of difference in what town than the assessed value." ORDER THROUGH THE
you grow your cranberries in The letter explains that when FOLLOWING AGETS
Massachusetts in the light of the these high assessments are cou-WESTERN PICKERS Inc.
cost of real estate taxes per bar-(Continued on Page 16)
1172 Hemlock Ave.
V~ ~W'D tCoos ~xttwxwgxtttttttttt-,t
Bay, Oregon
V I JI' *1'AGAX May the wonder of Christmas MR. JOHNN OAGAN
II h i u53>w-43t ~A I Grayland, Washington
Phone Andrews 7-2345
I, \ ^4 its message of brotherhood into R.F.D. 2, New Bedford, Mass.
I / Rockwell 3-5683
g"T^
every heart. BRALEY'S MACHINE SHOP
Gibbs Ave., Wareham, Mass.
mmI 64-W
IR SII E 0 B R Ob-S .|MR. JERRY BROCKMAN
OI~S · I~ ~Vesper, Wisconsin
G. H. MORSE Wisconsin Rapids 2592-M
47 49 Falmouth St.MR. JERRY SAUNDERS
iW$~ ~ -4 FmotS.Kingston, Nova Scotia
I ATTLEBORO, MASS. I
Two
.........
' 11~
t utl·I all es .
B BB....."..
by J. RICHARD BEATTIE
Extension Cranberry Specialist
Shields, Francis Kendrick, Arthur
Handy, Robert Hammond, Gilbert
Beaton, Ferris Waite, Chester
Robbins, Maurice Makepeace, Kenneth
Garside, Bradford ,Crossmon,
Allan Leland, Oscar Johnson,
Dominic Marini, Harold Woodward,
Darrell Shepherd, Chester
Cross, Joseph Kelley, and Richard
Beattie.
Dr. Bert Zuckerman, our station
pathologist, presented a paper at
the national meetings of the American
Phytopathologist Society
held in Cincinnati, Ohio, in early
December. He had an opportunity
to discuss our disease problems
with some of the leading scientists
in this field. The value of attending
these and similar science
meetings is most worthwhile.
Dr. Fredi Chandler will have
cplete his six-mJnths sabbati-
Cutting Production Costs
The Massachusetts Cranberry
Advisory Committee met at the
Cranberry Experiment Station No-
vember 27 to assist the Extension
Service in the preparation and
development of an educational
program for 1957. There was an
excellent representation present
from the four Cranberry Clubs,
C. ne Cod Cranberry Growers As-
sociation, Marketing Committee of
the Association, County Advisory
Committees Cranberry Institute,
C-anty Agricultural Agents, Uni-
versity of Massachusetts, and the
Cranberry Experiment Station.
The discussion this year focused
on the need for cutting production
costs, increasing yields per acre,
. L.
improvements in ' iharvesting and '
screening nmethods, ef-
iethods, continued
forts to improve the quality of our
pack, both fresh and processed,
and support of the real estate tax
study on bog properties recently
initiated by the directors of the
Cape Cod Cranberry Association.
The work of other interested parties
concerned with the tax prob-
lem was duly noted.
The committee endorsed the
quality control programs that
were carried out this past year,
the work of the Cranberry Insti-
tute, the constructive labors of the
Marketing Committee of he Cape
creased mechanization of our in-
dustry. Dr. Cross reported that
the enactment of the new Freedom
Bill by the state legislature and
the recent approval of a new
salary schedule increased the pos-
sibilities of filling this position
which has been open for over a
year. There was considerable in-
terest in a school for picking
machine operators which will be
arranged this winter or early
spring. It's purpose will be toJanuary i, 195.
studies have taken him to other
familiarize those concerned with n th
aintenance, simple repairs, d-crnberry producing ars in
justments, and general operation Untd States and parts of Can
f picking machines. These andWe are looking forward
a report of his work. Growers will
many other topicse received con-k. Growers will
sideration. The suggestions and be happy to learn that Mrs.
advice of this committee are most Chandler, who underwent major
surgery in early December, is
helpful and are sincerely apprDecember, i
making satisfactory progress in
t A
ciated. her recovery. We are sure her
The following members were many friends in the cranberry in-
present: Howard Hiller, Louis dustry will want to send her a
Sherman, Victor Adams, John card or note wishing her well.
_-lln•lll________________
Brewer & Lord
INSURANCE
40 Broad Street, Boston, Mass.
ARTHUR K. POPE
Cod Cranberry Growers Associa-NVERSE HILL
tion, and research and extension
programs. The hope was ex-WILLIAM B. PLUMER
pressed that the Institute would ROBERT A. SULLIVAN
expand its programs to include EDWARD H. LEARNARD
more non-brand advertising and JOHN B.
promotional work.
Agricultural Engineer
The need for an agricultural en-Eng
gineer at the Cranberry Experi-rvin eoe
HORACE H. SOULE
CHARLES M CUTLER
EBEN A. THACHER
HERBERT R. LANE
VINCENT M. WILSON
CECILL, JR.
nd
o f N w En and
ment Station was discussed in de-Since 1859
the appointment of a qualified en-_
gineer to devote full timne to in-_-_
Three
Winter Water Management
We have some timely notes on
winter water management pre-
pared by Dr. Chester Cross. They
are as follows: "There is a pre-
vailing opinion that 'late-water'
crops of 25 years ago were smaller
t h a n comparable 'early-water'
crops. Recently, late-water and
early-water crops have inclined to
be about the same in size. The
most reasonable idea to account
for the change seems to be the
elimination of water deficiency in
bogs. This suggestion would
mean that if the bog is hurt by
water deficiency during winter, its
crop will be further reduced by a
late-h 'lding in the spring. Many
growers have been exposing the
bogs a good deal in the winter
and following this with a deep
spring flooding from about April
10 to May 25. With this proce-
dure, crops appear to be quite
heavy, keeping quality good, but
with some increase in fruit worm
infestation. Too little is known
factually, but with the new sub-
division of the State Bog it is
hoped that some of the above
points can soon be proved one way
or another. The flooding manage-
ment at the State Bog will be de-
signed to test some of these ideas
and should not be taken as a
guide to growers at present."
Oxygen Deficiency Reports
The Cranberry Experiment Sta-
tion and County Agricultural
Agents involved will again attenpt
to keep to keep informed when
growers when
oxygen deficiency oroo
conditions are becoming critical.
The radio, press, and flash cards
will be used for this purpose.
Feh M~ et
Fresh Mar et
Well Cleaned UpBy Dec. First
The Thanksgiving market saw a
good clean-up of fruit and first of
December both Eatmor and Na-
tional estimated there were not
more than 100,000 to 115,000 bar-
rels anywhere left unshipped. As
to the price that was another
story-the market was and has
continued soft.
Wholesalers of fruit in various
distributing points had good sales,
Four
and it was believed most ship-
-..ments had gone into the hands of
consumers. Blacks and odd varie-
ties have practically all been
closed out and it was expected by
both these major co-ops the 1956
fresh crop would be sold by
Christmas or in early January.
Prices on the average, while
better than last year have not
come up to a satisfactory figure,
at least that wanted by Eastern
shippers. Wisconsin shippers this
fall with the record crop for that
state widened their scope of sales
and have come into the market
from coast and the competition
between east and mid-West has
not made a strong market.
From the point of volume in
sales, that will probably be sound,
and it is not expected that by
September first of next year, ac-
cording to G. T. Beaton of Na-
tional that co-op will have more
than the 100,000 in freezers which
is a healthy condition. This figure
is anticipated without any resort
to incentive sales plans or hard
selling campaigns such as were
used last August to get the fro-
zen volume down to the level de-
sired, for the fresh market.
-
en s a
Cranberrya
"Black" Item?
Every grower knws that color
is important in the selling of cran-
berries. Eatmor Cranberries, Inc.
a o
of the Eatmor office in Carver,
Massachusetts never knew before
that color was a basis of rate of
import tax.
Eatmor made a shipment of 125
cases of Early Blacks to Belgium.
Back came a response that the
fruit arrived in wonderful condi-
tion, with an order for 150 cases
more, but the urgent request not
to mark them "Early Blacks."
Explanation was there is an ad-
ditional government 5 per cent
tax on any "black" items, and
Belgian customs authorities could
not be persuaded the cranberries
were not a "black" import since
the labels plainly said they were.
Why the distinction in color is not
explained.
MRS. CROSS FETED
BY NCA PERSONNEL
M
Mrs. Emma K. Cross, who has
been manager of the NCA office
staf at the Onset plant on
termination of 24 years of service
was feted by CA personnel at a
banquet at Red Coach Grille, Middlebro.
Mario Lince, Onset fore-
presented her with a wrist
wath in behalf of the group and
he eceie othe if including
pearl brooch and an armful of
roses.
Mrs.Cross is the mother of Dr
C. E. Cross director of Massachu
setts Cranberry Experiment station.
During her nearly quarter
century in the position she established
the record of being absent
only one half da The position
of office manager will be filled
by her former assistant Mrs.
Helen Vechi
____Hl
MASS GOD)ARDS BUY
FLORIDA PROPERTY
Mr. and Mrs. Harrison Goddard
recently of Middleboro, Massachu
setts, well known cranberry grow
ers are now residing in Florida
having purchased the Silver Sands
apartment hotel at Indian Rocks
Beach, Florida. Both are natives of
Plymouth.
Mr. Goddard continues to operate
the Sampson bogs in Plym
outh and Middleboro, although
they will spend more time in
Florida, where they have been
going for many years. In January
Mr.r Goa i have completed
winter-killing
30 years as a diretor and appraiser
for the Plymouth Federal
Savings and Loan Association and
intends to resign at that time.
This organization has grown from
one with assets of less than
$2,000,000 to one of $11,000,000
and is now in new quarters.
The motel in Florida will be
managed for the Goddards by
"Dan" and Priscilla Ellis formerly
of Plymouth.
Ad vertise in the
Bzl ines Directory
—
so1ON9AL CRANBERRy 4t
Issue of December 1956 -Vol. 21 No. 8
Published monthly at The Courier Print Shop, Main St., Wareham, Massachusetts. Subscription $3.00 per year.
Entered as second-class matter January 26, 1943, at the post-office at Wareham, Massachusetts, under the Act of March 3, 1878
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
MASSACHUSETTS WISCONSIN
-______________
'57 Bud Feared Not Good Nov. Cooler-Snow
For the first time in a number averaged below nor-
firstn the ~~~~~~aFortemperatures and slightly
of years the bud for the 1957 crop mslightly
of yearsbud forthethbove normal in precipitation.
above normal in p ipitation.
does not look too encouraging. Precipitation was mainly in the
Compiled by C.J.H.
pected to commence by mid-De
cenmber or as soon as the winter
floods are frozen down. Most of
the sanding is expected to be done
in the southern area.
Buds are small and not as plen-e nWASHINGTONr
form of snow with the northern
tiful as normal, apparently. Dr. of receiving twelve
part of the state receiving twelve
C. E. Cross is slightly worried to twenty four inches by mid No-
about the situation and is watch-verber. The central part of the
ing developments. state receiving half that amount.
November Cool
November was on the whole
cooler with a minimum of 22 on
two days and 23 on two. Maximum
for the month was 66 on two days.
Latter part of the month brought
bright sunshine accompanied by
an east wind and a lower humidity.
'This reached 40 percent on
the 23rd.
Production Figures
Of the Washington total production
figure of 62,725 barrels,
Grayland growers produced 40,392,
Long Beach 19,064 and North
Beach 4,019.
Picking Methods
Growers in the Grayland and
North Beach area, except for one
or two picked either with the suc
tion or Western, although there
are a few Darlingtons in Grayland.
Approximately 50 percent of the
Grayland crop was picked with
Western. North Beach picked with
Western and suction, As far as
Western and suction. As far as
Long Beach is concerned the en-
ire production is harvested with
"egg-heaters" with the exception
of two who use Westerns. West-
ems have gained in popularity and
there was a substantial increase
or
NEW JERSEY
Month of Extremes
November in the cranberry belt
of New Jersey was a month of
extremes. It was exteremely mild
FiYv
The month of November was
about 60 degrees above normal, a
warm month, but there were athe
warm month, but there were a
number of days of sharp weather
with minimums in the low teens.
The long, slow season of develop-
ment for harvest caused some
anxiety that terminal buds might
be meore susceptible to fall frosts
hbenmoresuscptibleto fall fadre
thn noral.check was mad
A
by station staff, but failed to show
any material damage, although
anys mqterial damage, although
oemse myt. Tseud
iproblemAdeqte
nl
Month started out cold, but
then moderated until Thanksgiv-
then moderated until Thanksgiv-
ing day when temperatures aver-
Rainfall totalled 3.65 inches which
was fairly adequate but more
would have been better. Water
have been better. Water
supplies were somewhat down for
the winter flooding. A few had
put on this flood by December
~~fi~~rst. ~still
first,
Sunshine Favorable
Sunshine factor toward next
year's production was favorable.
Work Tapering off
There had been a spurt of bog
work in early fall through Octo-
ber, but this had tapered off dur-
ing Novemrber. Returns from the
marketing were not encouraging
heavy expenditures,
There was little if any frost in
he marshes prior to the snowfall
marshes prior to the snowfall.
C temperatures the latter
part of November resulted in some
winter floding New plantings
had been flooded in early Novem-
ber Temperatures for the month
averaged 6-8 degrees below nor-
mal with the normal being about
30 degrees for the cranberry
growing area.
Fresh and Processed
eiAn eighty of
estimated percent
the crop had been shipped by De-
cember 1 with about sixty percent
going fresh and forty percent pro-
cessing. Preliminary estimates
are now that about sixty five per-
cent of the Wisconsin crop will
be sold fresh and thirty five per-
cent processing.
^ ^ ^ ^ „ ^
Estimate Still Holding
The estimated crop figure of 325
to 330,00 barrels for Wisconsin is
holding. Shrinkage appearsstill holding. Shrinkage appears
to be about normal and very much
less than last year. The later
varieties being held for the Christ-
mas and New Years markets ap-
pear to be keeping well. Also
moderate temperatures have re-
suited in less warehouse heating
than last year.
Sanding
Some sanding operations are ex-
in the first half of the month and
very cold in the latter half. There
were 15 relatively balmy days of
weather above 60 ° F., of which six
were above 70 ° F. At the other
extreme there were three days
during which the temperature
dropped below 20 ° F. On two oc-
°
casions it went as low as 11 F.
This allaveraged out at 47 ° F. for
°
the month, which is 0.9 warmer
than the average November for
this area.
Abundance of Water
Rain occurred on nine days and
totalled 3.33 inches. This is 0.35
less than normal. At the end of
November 46.84 inches of rain had
fallen, about three inches more
than normal for the entire year.
As a result an abundance of water
is on hand in the reservoirs, a
welcome contrast to the shortage
which existed last year at his
time.
Machine Pruning
A few growers have begun to
put on the winter flood, but as of
December 8th most of the New
Jersey cranberry bogs remain unflooded.
Considerable rake pruning
of vines was accomplished
during the month. It is interesting
to note also that an increas-
ingly larger acreage of vines is
being machine pruned each year
in New Jersey_.
CANADA
Maritime Crop Short
Cranberry crop in all of the
Maritime provinces has fallen very
short, it is now realized at con-
elusion of the season. The late
bloom coincided with good pollination
weather and an excellent
set was reported in most areas.
Cool, cloudy weather throughout
the summer slowed growth so
that berries were very immature
when the "sneak" frost came early
in September. Fruit size was small
even on the best bogs and this in
itself reduced the volume materi-
ally.
Harvest Scene Photographed
A photographer for the National
Film Board, Grant Crabtree, was
in the cranberry areas this past
fall and took a series of photo-
graphs of harvesting, packing and
marketing operations. These are
Six
expected to appear on County 90 degrees since last January first.
Calendar program of the Cana-First snow occurred on night of
dian television network. the 9th with less than an inch
generally, which melted swiftly.Late Developments Rainfall was but 1.54 inches.
Across the continued freezing
Temperatures in Massachusetts temperatures hit the Long Beach
continued for first of December Peninsula area in Washington.
on the mild side, 23 degrees above Mercury skidded to a low of 17 at
normal being recorded for first Cranguyma farmr on the 6th.
twelve days. Year, as a whole, There was light snow the follow-
however, has been colder by some ing night.
A
( l '
1 1
AN ORGANIZATION of SHIPPERS
IWORKING TOGETHER TO
IMPROVE CONDITIONS in
the I
t INDUSTRY
I FOR the BENEFIT OF
THE GROWERS
THE HANDLERS
THE CONSUMERS
DEAL WITH THESE MEMBERS WITH CONFIDENCE
Wareham, DMass. Chicago, Ill.
Cape Cod Cranberry Co-op. Inc. Habelman Bros.
Wareham, Mass. Tomah, Wisconsin
Cranberry Products, Inc. Morse Bros.
Eagle River, Wisconsin Attleboro, Mass.
National Cranberry Association
Hanson, Mass.
Maximization of Returns to manipulated, price could be forced
to go up as the market supplyCranberry Growers declines and to a point where the
by A. F. Wolf wealthiest consumers stop to buy
cranberries. This would be at a
Economist for the Cranberry Institute ridiculously high level. While this
According to the analysis of cranberry-price relationships prices goes on, i. e. as price continues
of cranberries have been influenced in recent years primarily by the to rise total returns to growers
variations of the market supply of cranberries. The analysis indicates decline after they have reached
little or no effect of any specific demand factors. the maxinrum point. Substitutes
The concept of demand is sometimes not clearly understood because develop if prices are unreasonably
many people interpret it to mean the equivalent to the quantity-cran-high.
berries in this instance-which has been sold or which the market has If the market supply can be
taken. This quantity is the amount consumed. When talking about determined or influenced price of
demand we must consider the relationship between a schedule of prices cranberries per bbl. should never
and a corresponding schedule of quantities, both schedules referring to be employed as criterion. The
a special market and commodity. This means that the term demand determining factor in supply con-
refers to quantities of cranberries which are purchased at various prices. trol should be returns to grow-
In most instances consumption berries since 1950, or thereabouts. er (1) with an eye o pces o
substitutes.
of a commodity increases when Consumer income was rising dur-substitutes
the price is lowered. Demand in-ing this period. The following illustration is
creases only when a larger quan-From the foregoing may be in-presented to show the relationship
tity is taken at the same price ferred that the major factor that between:
or the same quantity at a higher influenced cranberry prices in re-(1) Per Capita market supply
price. cent years has been the size of of cranberries.
According to general observa-the total market supply and its (2) Total market supply.
tions there are always two demand variation. It follows therefor that (3) Estimated farm value per
factors present within the price-any thoughts given to the improve-bbl.
quantity relationships of agricul-ments of returns to cranberry (4) Total returns to growers.
tural commodities. The two fac-growers, as far as the short run Above estimates indicate that
tors are (a) consumer income and is concerned, must take the ad-within the given range the high
(b) population. There are other justrnent of the market supply est estimated farm value per bbl.,
demand factors such as those into account and, also, a clear is associated with a .55 lb. per
which are created by shifts fromn allocation between fresh and pro-capita market supply (if the latfresh
to processed which may cessed berries. ter were only .45 lb. the estibring
into force an upward trend The criteria for the concretiza-mated farm value would be $23.75)
of demand on account of a tri-tion of these ideas are (1) the but that the highest estimated
dimensional expansion and special maximization of total returns to total returns to cranberry growers
upward shifts of demand such as growers and (2) the allocation would be in the vicinity of a mar-
are observed in the case of Flori-between different uses on the basis ket supply of .65 per capita, or a
da oranges. In the two latter of different elasticities of demand. total market supply of 1,080,000
cases it is the element of greater Regarding the maximization of bbls. of which an amount of say
convenience associated with proper grower returns the fact should be 120,000 bbls. may be carry-over.
promotion, advertising and mer-realized that greatest total re-If the market supply goes up from
chandising which tends to create turns to cranberry growers are
.65 to 1.05 lbs. per capita, returnsupward trends of demand. not associated with a market sup-
Downward trends of demand ply which commands the highest to growers are almost cut into
are also observed amongst agri-price per barrel. Assumed the one-half.
cultural commodities. total market supply could be For points of reference the fol-
Of the two major forces which Estimated Returns to Cranberry Growers
affect the demand for all agri-Under Varying Conditions of Market Supply 2)
cultural c o m m o diti e s namely, Est. Farm Val. Est. Returns
population and per capita consu-Per Capita Total No. Bbls. Per Bbl. to Growers
mer income, there is one which
according to the analysis of the (1) (2) (3) (4)
cranberry price-quantity relation-.55 913,000 $18.00 $16.4 (Millions)
ship has had no effect during re-.65 1,079,0001 15.50 16.7 "
cent years. .75 1,245,000 12.90 16.1 "
This factor is the per capita .85 1,411,000 10.15 14.3 "
consumer income which had no .95 1,577,000 7.50 11.8 "
apparent impact on prices of cran-1.05 1,743,000 5.00 8.7 "
§^ves
lowing total narket supplies are North Chicago for Wisconsin ber-16. There would be a slight in-
presented. ries, Markham, Washington and crease in force at Onset. Mr.
19152: 844,000 Bbls. Coquille, Oregon for Pacific fruit, Glover has considered that the
19!50: 1,432,700 " and Bordentown in New Jersey.
The estimated highest returns This is a trial step by President cooperation has more capacity
to cranberry growers are based on James E. Glover to effect economy than needed.
a .30 plus .35 (fresh and canned) in operation, and is the result of Headquarters, with administraallocation.
If this were to be cost studies which have been con-tion sales executives and research
changed either in favor of fresh pleted. He believes considerable
or in favor of processed the esti-savings can be made by closing w Hanon.
mated total returns would be the Hanson plant except for the Costs in this trial economy
somewhat lower or higher, respec-special lines and this will cut move will be carefully checked to
tively. This variation is the result employees there from about 40 to determine the future course.
of differences of the elasticity of
the demand for fresh cranberries,
on the one hand, and for canned . I .
cranberries, on the other. i
Above allocation roughly equals
a ratio of 46 to 54, or 46% of the
total market supply to the fresh
market and 54% to processors.
This is from the point of view of Happy hours spent with
returns to growers not the best
allocation of the market supply. amily andfriends.cheery
A better one would be a 40 : 60
allocation in which instance 60 per greetings exchanged
cent of the market supply is used-'
by processors. X
-_____'____________-
I times of laughter and song,
1) The writer wishes to state
that this is merely a theoretical and times of quiet happiness-
outline of what to expect if supply
control could be employed V may all these and many
legally in the form of a Federal R
marketing agreement and order, Other th n b
or by means of stiff quality regu-
lations. ,~!
2) The reader should consider yours; thats r hearty
the estimate as rough approvi-i 1 /il
s
mations only because the data on holiday wish for youwhich they are based are faulty I
in some respects. However, it can /
be stated that the point of -ea-t
est returns lies in the vicinity of FRANK P. CRANDON
the market supply as indicated.
The illustration dcas therefore HERBERT C. LEONARD
serve its purpose.
NCA Hanson Plant
Closes Most Canning
Onset Will Be Mass. Center L EQUIPMENT CO
In Economy Move
National Cranberry Association Ashne, Massac
closed down its canning operations closed down its canning operations Street Acushnet, Massachusetts
91 Leoard
at Hanson, Mass. November 30th,
indefinitely, except for cocktail, the I ^
new whole sauce and trial lines. I ... ^
Massachusetts sauce canning will
for the present be done entirely '
at the modern Onset plant, only
plants operating being those at t "t . ..........
............
Eight
US INTO ICKING MACHINE AGE pertainlform a rising 50 percent of
ijii the total crop was so harvested,
Rudy Hillsrom of the West perhaps up to 70 percent. Per-
centage mustbe a certainly high in
::This is the story of nurrbers
*ra
Without growers,asons.harvest-
!~The: some of larger the East
the in
continu to
cranberry have mainly ed depend
labor to mechanization... Many of singe shortly after the nCivil two "m allergrower
For years
he had the vision, the energyyears' time harvestingscoop will
ticism to bring us into the full use, the be exception, ll extinc t,
a but
'....::i~iiii~i~i.Bi.......i~i~i...~....~.~..:.i:..i~i....~inow. question.
thousand, maybeyond
picking machines were availableBut this is the story of a pio-
of the man
neer, a West,out not
Laborl
in quantity..........
been where grow-
upping steadily. Labor has Coast, cranbersome ers to pick b y
getting scarcer. This past fall suction pickers. There are no r started,inga man with theofcon-a
i~?~iiii?~ viction, the plausibility
!i~i~i~i~i~i~iipiii~i~i.i~ii ! natural salesman-promoter, R. J.
d not machines.
-:~i
and....i_i'::-~i~
It took quite a bit of showman-
that cranberries could be picked
ili~!i~?i with a mechanical picker. In
!::i~i::i:~jjgi~iiii~~:si~iiiii~i January of that year Hillstrom
~ j5.~~i'~.i~
?~iiii~iii ~~iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii~iii:~ startled the industry by showing
~iiiiiij........ iiiij~ii:::::·~::: m'ovies of a novel method of picking
cranberries with a machine.
81 ... i~~i~i~ii~i~8 He gave shows in all the cranpast
areas Within to
others have been important, but War. But never until the berryohasn'tand couldn't.from the Pacifica fewing
the Atlantic Coasts.
.Growers were interested and
l.........curious, but not convinced that
mechanical picking could actually
!:i.... .......be done without grave injury to
~X~:~ithe vines, or without a great loss
i-ij:~l~j~ii':·l::-ii~iiii-:iiiiiC
of berries.
STORY OF A MAN WHO "PIONEERED" The averagegrower would like
US INTO "PICK(ING MVIACHINE" AGE perform on somebody else's bog,
lateregions day. This usually meant bogs hav-Coos
hadgrowing readily-available statistics Hillstrommostofxact Bay, Oregon,
rather than on his own-the po
"Rudy" Hillstrom of the West has fought since 1946 that tential damage was too great-there
must be a change in harvesting'Has crossed the but he wold travel several miles
country 37 times and is familiar in every cranberry area to see it operate on Joe Doakes'
This is the story of a pioneer. growing seasons. Without harvest-bog.
The story of a man who in the ing devices the 1956 crop might This was, in fact, the greatest
past 9 years has done, beyond a have remained unpicked in part. obstacle to the introduction of
doubt, most to revolutionize the Picking machines have been mechanical picking in the induscranberry
harvest from manual dreamed of, even made small use try.
labor to mechanization. Many of since shortly after the 'Civil For two years "Rudy" travelled
others have been important, but War. But never until the past from Coast to Coast showing
he had the vision, the energy to three or four years have harvest-every grower who would care to
pull through the inertia and skep-ing machines come in general look, how mechanical pickers
ticism to bring us into the full use, become the commonplace. worked, and tried to induce him
cranberry picking machine age There were probably up to a to have his bog mechanically har
now. thousand, maybe a few more pick-vested.
And it was none too soon that ing machines of all kinds in use Needless to say, only marginal
picking machines were available this fall, this including the so-bogs were picked thusly--stuff
in quantity. Labor costs have been called "egg-beaters" of the West that was too poor for hand pick-
upping steadily. Labor has been Coast and even the cumbersome ers to pick by the bushel, or grow-
getting scarcer. This past fall suction pickers. There are no ers to pay hand pickers by the
most growing regions had late readily-availahble exact statistics. day. This usually meant 'bogs hay-
Nin,
ing 15 to 35 barrels per acre, and
located sonme 10 miles or more
apart. These were trying days for
the pioneer.the pioneer.
During the first two picking
seasons of 1947 and '48 thirty-
five Western Pickers were built-
of five different types. This was
to take care of the extreme varia
to take cae of the extreme varia-
tion of bogs between the East
and West Coast, and also varia-
tions in bogs side by side. These
first machines cost more than
$2000.00 apiece, and after two
years of trial and alterations, were
junked. But the experience gained
from these impractical pickers
went into the construction of he
first universal commercial type
Western Picker in 1949.
Over $70,000.00 was spent Hillstrom
reports in these first two
years to perfect a mechanical
picker which would meet the ex-
pectations of a few pioneering
cranberry growers, willing to take
a chance with this new picker.
The question was always; why
should this new mechanical pick-
er be any better, or radically different,
than 20 other previous
mechanical marvels that had been
tried out in the last 50 years and
more?
This then, was the history of
the prototype of the Western
Picker, that was to revolutionize
the industry, until today not many
growers are left who do not hope
to mechanize their picking as soon
as feasible. Gone in the main, are
the days of the manufacture of
hand-scoops.
But before this new picker could
be successfully introduced, opera-
tors had to be trained to make
demonstrations.
Bogs had to be found in loca-
tions where as many growers as
possible could and would attend.
Leaders in the industry had to
be contacted, convinced, and invited
to attend.
Demonstrations had to be widely
separated so that large areas of
the industry could be covered.
Expert cranberry growers had
to judge whether the future of the
bog was helped or harmed by
mechanical picking.
Many other similar problems
arose during these early intro-
Ten
ductory years. Every year new ideas were tried
Western Picker History out, either by the growers them-
The Stankavich Brothers of selves submitting these ideas, or
Bandon, Oregon, invented this mechanical improvements were
picker in 1945 and '46. In the made by machinists skilled in
Fall of 1946 Hillstrom purchased
the rights and completed the de-these arts.
velopment and patented this ma-The time each year for testing
chine. a machine was limited to 2 or 3
L
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CO P k
COMPANY
Manufacturers of
Man a ers
Folding Paper
Boxes
1 88 1 -75TH 1 956
105 SPRING ST. EVERETT, MASS
Tel. EV 7-1240-1241-1242
weeks, so that it necessarily took
many years to go through the list
of potential improvements.
One peculiar thing that entered
into the physicology of this post
war development was the fact
that in 1946, growers had re-
ceived unheard of prices for their
5...........
.
11~|~~~ 9^~~ I
1,1' ~
E,-xj Mn vi r X
berries, and the actual cost of
picking was a very minor consideration.
This also made it hard
to introduce mechanical picking,
especially when hand-labor was
both plentiful and cheap.
Hillstrom
Hillstrom graduated in mechanical
engineering from Oregon State
College in 1922. While in college
he perfected a process for the
II2 ~ ~ ~ a~ PaL.\~ carbonization of
4low-temperature
IIpw I Pacific Coast coal, to prevent its
EI.~~ ' .~-. Ig slacking away during storage
IIo' *,~~ * * I periods-and to extract volatile
II2i l ,~• *~ ^~ in this
@~ oils and valuable chemicals
process. Over 10,000 new chemi
"Noel! Noel!" In song and story, the wonderful message of cals were discovered in this process,
which were mainly homo-
Christmas lives anew and fills our hearts with "Peace, Good Will logues of phenol and cresol, and
to All Men." May you celebrate Christmas both merrily and many of which have not been
named as yet. After 14 years he
prayerfully, in the good old-fashioned way. patented this process in 1933,
which was also the depth of the
depression.
I RABERRY PRODUCTS, INC In the nmeantime
iEAGLE RIVER, Iork.l
RIVER, WISCONSIN gaged in general
%86bIE work.
EI ~ VERNON GOLDSWORTHY, PRESIDENT After the Astoria,
:GIi~~~~~~ :~~i d~^~~~~of Christmas, 1922
he was en-
engineering
Oregon, fire
he designed
many of the new concrete founda1lllllli]
illlEiyik llllOll!lIlll'ii I llllL IItllllllEllllllllltlllllllh l llflllllfh fIIIfIIIII fIItIII tions for the buildings in the new
* SP-EE DEE ^MMarnnv i ly dredged-in city area.
• SPEE-DEE CRANBERRYI In 1925 he helped design and
j gQ(OR BLUEBERRY) build the Port of Coos Bay hy-
FlLLUG MACHINE B draulic dredge.
Later he worked out the gen-
I eral plans for the Marshfield,
School athletic field
tOftfers Yolu .U^-Oregon High
g U •
SPEEDS
48 OR^O^T MORE PER
I SPEEDS TO 48 OR MORE PER
B MINUTE -SIMPLE OPERATION
I TELESCOPIC ADJUSTMENTS
-CLA-schools
VERSATILITY -EASY
•I|~ VERSATILITY^H^TES
ING FOR SANITATION
§ LOW MATINTENANCE COST
TROUBLE-FREE
S SPOUTS THAT
CONTAINERS
* CONTAINE_
s'"*A~~
OPERATION
FIT YOUR
~~SPEE-DEE
MANUFACTURED BY
^ ^ g*.ltl. which later developed into the
-B Coos Bay High School system.
c
He was a general contractor
l from 1924 to '46. Constructing
lighthouses, coastguard stations,
~ and residences on the West
CLEANoast.
_ He was a musician in college,
E and helped introduce the banjo into
the dance world in 1919 and
for many years he was in the
amusement business as a side line.
During most of his life he has
A been an ardent "barbershop har-
FILLER I mony" singer, and has directed
I amateur minstrel shows.
tOe thing he has noticed about
SPEE-DEE Packaging Machinery Corp.
* the cranberry industry as a whole,
Div. OF PAUL L. KARSTROM CO. i namely that cranberry growers
have nearly
1816 W. 74th St. Chicago 36, Ill. av nal
mind in all
|I Also distributors of CMC Automatic Cartoner I They think
llllllBlllIlllBl IIullllullllullllllllul u lElullllln lluhllBBIil sanie thing,
the same state of
the same sate
the producing areas.
and say about the
they act and react
Eleven
about the same way regarding the
economics of the industry, and
they have a feeling of fraternity
with all other cranberry growers.
Pioneered in All Areas
Mr. Hillstrom, often accom-
panied by Mrs. Hillstrom has
crossed the country no less than
37 times up to last fall, and this
does not include the numerous
times he has gone from the West
Coast only as far east as Wiscon-
sin. He has been in Nova Scotia
nearly a dozen times and to
British Columbia. There isn't a
cranberry area in the U.S. or
Canada he has not visited. He has
gained an almost unbelievable
knowledge of individual bogs
everywhere and knows, personally,
a tremendous number of cranberry
growers.
Mass. Committee
Studies Program
For Next Year
Winter meeting of the cran-
berry advisory cosnmittee of
Massachusetts, which includes representatives
of the four cranberry
same whether 30 barrels or 90 per
acre are produced; possibilities of
a "pre-harvest school" where in-
structions might be given in sim-
pie repairs and operation of picking
machines; market studies; tax
problems, and, of course, continu-
ing quality control.
Among those attending were:
Oscar Norton, Howard Hiller,
Louis Sherman, Victor Adams,
John Shields, Francis Kendrick,
Arthur Handy, Robert Hammond,
Gilbert
Maurice
side, B.
Leland
chusetts,
Beaton, Chester Robbins,
Makepeace, Kenneth Gar-
D. Crosman and Allan
of University of Massa-
Oscar Johnson, Dominic
ADVERTISE IN
I IN
C .RANBERR IEPSI
CRANBERRIES
MAGAZINE
clubs, Cape Growers' Association,Carver
Cranberry Institute, county agents,
members of station staff met at i
State Bog November 27 to dis
State Cranberry Specialist "Dick"
Beattie is chairman. This is the
committee, which with the Thanksgiving
market closed and a general
lull lays plans for extension
service and other
Majcr subjects
w ere
production
cluded yields per
pointed out costs
activities.
under discussion
costs, includesrep- .
which
acre, as it wasin.....
are about e the
Is My Business
John
WEST
Van de Poele
ABINGTON, MASS.
PREFABRICATED
UNION 6-3696
HYDRAULIC
FLUMES
Twelvo
Marini, Darrell Shepherd, Conser-
vation and "Joe" Kelley.
-_
i i . ,. lni
"Ask
The
i
i Grower
/ Who
1 Belongs"
i
NDIAN RAIL Inc.
262 W. raRd A e.
W*isconsinRapids, wiseonsin
1111
....
CONSULTANT
North Carver, ~%sv.
1. ,r^ .I ISSUE OF DECEMBER 1956
_.x4;,j 21 --VOL.
NO
HARD MARKETING FACTS
THE 1956 fresh marketing season is
largely over. In volume sales it appears it
will have been satisfactory. There doesn't
appear to be any undue carry-over in
prospect. But income is rather a different
matter. This is certainly true of the East,
where the bulk of the crop is still pro-
duced. And will be for sometime to come
despite Wisconsin's tremendous gains in
the national picture.
Wisconsin this fall, with its unexpected
(at least in the East) record crop has
widened its marketing base. Wisconsin
berries were in markets from coast to
coast. That was an important factor in
the selling of the fresh crop of this year.
Competition has reputedly always been
the life of industry. It probably is
still true of cranberries. But, it has come
down to the rather hard-to-say fact that
it was mostly too much competition be-
tween Massachusetts and Wisconsin fruit
which depressed the market most of the
season. Massachusetts growers seem to be
pretty unanimous in the belief that they
must sell at $4.00 a quarter, $16.00 a bar-
rel, to net $10 or $11 for a break-even
price and maybe a little profit. Eastern
growers seemed agreed in the opinion that
Wisconsin growers can break even and
make some profit at a lower selling figure.
That seems to have been the crux of
the matter this fall. That, and perhaps as
one distributor put it the market had lost
faith in the industry. That is to say, with
the unstable market of the past several
years, a buyer had only to wait or offer
a lower bid and his price would be met.
The buyer hesitated to buy, the market
was always unstable-no confidence.
That Wisconsin can get more barrels
per acre (some 78.8 per barrel average
compared to 40.7 in '55 for Massachu-
setts) that production costs through Na-
ture, because of different cultural prac-
tices (such as water raking) more efficient
growing methods or all three is Wiscon-
sin's good fortune. Wisconsin at present
is by far the second most important seg-
ment in barrel total. It is no use for the
East to cry about the matter. The urgent
need from the eastern point of view is to
do something about it.
Editor and Publisher
CLARENCE J. HALL
EDITH S. HALL-Associate Editor
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
Wisconsin
SOR
L R
Wisconsin Rapids
Washington-Oregon
CHARLES C. DOUGHTY
Cranberry Specialist
Long Beach Wash.
Long Beac,
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
M chusetts
DR. CHESTER E. CROSS
Director Mass. Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham, Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable C y Al
Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
B,
New Jersey
CHARLES A. DOEHLERT
P. E. MARUCCI
New Jersey Cranberry and Blueberry Station
Pemberton, New Jersey
MASS. IS ALERT
MASSACHUSETTS is trying to do some
thing about this. It
whenever leading
gather. It is on the
studies and effort.
estate tax rates for
under fire; not only
is a major subject
cranberry growers
agenda for future
Massachusetts real
cranberry bogs are
is NCA taking this
up, but also Cranberry Institute, Massachusetts
Farm Bureau Federation and
Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association.
There is much hope the increased
use of picking machines will lower barrel
costs-and also increase production. There
can be savings in important items such As
sanding, fertilizer, fungicide, insecticide
application, even greater mechanization.
Massachusetts will be striving to cut
costs-and so will all other areas-including
Wisconsin.
Thirteen
r~~iiiiiiisiiiii~~~~~~~~iiiiiiiiiiiii~~~~~~~ii
~ ~
.......
ijI~~i~i~i~i~i~iiii.::::.I~5:..i f~'~ Eliiiiiiaiiiii.
~ ~ i~iiiiiiiiiitiixi~iii~~iiiiiiii~i~8i
ij(8i:ii iI PS1 ................
..........
-Ity Rovichanebina Small~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iiiiii~iiiiiiiiiiiiiii
Selectedfor On~~~iiiiiiii~e sequetly., made afiluie, withth
Of Great
~~r&L~~~iiiijiljliliiiii~~los of s veral hundr d dolars.
Programs
Radio arly Grorners
bein
Picture, interiewed or (Edtor's ote) Te f olowing
the taped "Lee
radioprogramis a continuation from last month
anoher istalment
and i n ealy
9!~ii~~
Con-Linuingi~ in the~ words of Mr.ii~ijiilijl'jjii~
olmes"Durin the nxt fou
years, Captain ~ visited
Small ::~ the~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Choo-nboysand mde aclos
took and built a bog and sincei~iiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiit
thatthe surfacetime hasof thebeenbog. He, con-
one of theiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiii
mot sccssfl roersofhi
sequently, made a failure, with the
time on Cape Cod."iiiiiiiiii~i iiii~iiiiii~iiiiiiloss of was born Harwichdollars."
Small several hundredin ini~iii
1798 the theBenjamin of Mr.
Holmes,He himself"During tonext at
Continuingson inof words Small.jjijiiiiijiiiiiiiii:
hied awaythe sea foura:iil~iiS~itilliiiililiiiijii
years, Captain Small visited the
Cahoon boys and made a close
study of cranberry culture, but did
not attempt it again until he was
fully satisfied. In 1850 he undertook
and built a bog and since
att s o f h
time on Cape Cod."
in Harwich in
1798 the son of Benjamin Small.
He hied himself away to sea at a
trifle early age, even for a Cape
Cod boy-when he was eight. He
worked his way to be master in
foreign trades when he was 19.
I
PE
relations for CA and Miss La-
(Jis, editor
of National Association
Bta fBuchan
of Manufacturers' p u b 1 i c a t i o n
3Selected"Progre~~~I"ssfor Th-e
Notes." programwill be heard New
over manyRado Programsradio the first
England
stations
Pictured,of the year.
being interviewed for
with our own
Capt. Zebina
Zebina Small
By hesam "rasy
One Of Great
tain Small made his,
One Of Great
and then his success.
Small
on, Cp-
i iiij
-first failure
He com-
Earlymenced (according iGrowers M.
toiiiiii,0.
(Editor'sin note) of 1883)
Holmes his speechThe following
thetaped radio iisprogram ML~ee a continuation frlom last month
the taedradio
prograand
Landis Reports" is Miss Betty
Buchan (left) director of public
relations for NCA and Miss Lan-
(Jis, editer of National Association
of Manufacturers' publication
"Progress Notes." The program
will be heard over many New
England radio stations the first
of the year
Miss Buchan's voice is one of
several N. E. women in industry
which will be heard. Selection of
Miss Buchan was on the basis
cf her success in public relations.
Betty, a native of Andover, Massa-
chusetts has been engaged in
newspaper work, served with the
WAC and has been with National
as publicity editor and director of
public relations for several years.
iiiiiBShein Duxburvy.
lives
Fourteen
is another installment on early
Harwich cranberry growing. It is
interesting to note the experiences
fwith our own
with own.
Capt Zebina Small
By the same "Grassy Pond, Cap-
tain Small made his first failure
and then his success. He corn-
menced (according to M
Holmes in his speech of 1883)
about 1847, "and", according to
Mr. Holmes, "like the others, he
first planted vines where there
was water, and sometimes over
. ::.~
I
C
F
-^
T F l,
SH -1
SALES
I .OFFICE i
i A Uf
I 367 M I &' A
ST
367"MIN ST. WAREHA MASS.w
He continued to follow the seas tie trouble from grass or
until the early 1840's. Then he weeds; have had generally
sold the last ship he had built for fair crops, which convinced
him, the "Emr ulous". me that the failure in my first
Tells of Own Experiment attempt was not on account of
He told of his own cranberry soil or location, but wholly
experiments in a letter to J. J. owing to the wrong material
White in 1870, which appears in used in covering the muck, or
the White book. He wrote: sand, and keeping the ground
I prepared two small patches too wet.
of muck swamp land by clear-l-le proceeded to build other lit-
ing off the bushes and surface tle "patches" of bog along the
turf, or that containing the brook which flowed out of Grassy
flush roots, then covered it Pond. In the letter to Mr. White
some three or four inches with he gave a comprehensive story of
sand and gravel, set out the his efforts, the letter being writ-
vines, and kept the water ten, of course, from the experi-
within Lwo or three inches of enco he had gained up to 1870.
the surface. His next operation, and the one
The vines g.rew very slowly, which he thought the most profit-
but grass and weeds luxuri-able on the "original cost of any
ously, and bothpatchesproved patch in this region, was on a peat
an entire failure. swamp of about two acres; the
However, he peraevered, as his growth upon it was huckleberry
letter continued: bushes, shmall maples, and a kind
leAfew years teof low uconheti with us called
fewd o , bushes."
athegra laurel
wheeled off the gravel and
The first-hand informnation con-
loam from both patches, and ^ ^ ^ ^
put on three or four inches of crning this era his letter affords,
sand and gravel that was en-went on to tell that the soil was
tirely free from loam or clay; from one to three feet of turf and
drained so that the water in peat, underlaid with a thin strat-
the ditches was from twelve um of white sand, then a hard pan.
to eighteen inches below the He noted the swamp could be
then set the drained and flooded almost any
surface, and Hevines, as we usually do, in time from the pond nearby.
small hills, of six or eight prepared this, as he had the oth-
shoots, or pieces, eighteen ers, putting on white sand from
inches each way. The vines the edge of the swamp and upland.
grew well, and with very lit-He set the vines, which, to quote
directly, "by way of accident,
,'-'l"-1-[-". n —l — proved to be about the best vines
YT\ \J [ yet found in this part of the coun-
7 D
1101D 1x1 try." Were they Blacks, but un-
lWE-recognized as such? He says they
GIANi7 POWER GIANT i put out a fine crop on the third
for 1957 offers year, but then he began to have
! sh B o Driving trouble from the vine worm.
tton Driving Was About Ready to "Give Up"
3 Speed Automatic Transmission He has previously been quoted
i More Powerful V-8 Engine as to his difficulties with the vine
& G.C.W. i worm or fireworm in about 1854-
Improved G.V.W.
how afterIAdvanced Gorward look Styling 55. It has been told
AvneI fowadIoo'bying trying various experiments such
^^ef
Full-opening allegator Hood I
ulpeng aegator H ! as sprinkling the vines with ashes,
Many Other Features lime, pepper, tobacco and "several
I other articles", without good re-
suits, he was about to give up
IRobert '. Savary I
g\UUil ^ ai lV.~cranberry culture as a failure.
-East But in the spring of 1857, I
Wareham, Mass.
Tel. Wareham 63-R concluded to try the experi-
i !~~~~~~~~ _ __ _ _!__^_^_ ment of keeping the water on
over the vines later than usual
(about the first of April) and
did not let it of until the 4th
of.June,. and flooded and let
off again three times until the
20th of June, letting the water
stay on each time twenty-
four to forl.-eight hours; the
result was that the vines were
undisturbed by the vine worm.
They put out well for a crop,
and, after quite a portion of
the iruit was eaten by. the
fruit worn, I ha, /ested about
110 barrels.
He further said of flooding, he
did not find it necessary to flood
more than once where the water
can be kept on until the water is
warm enough to destroy the egg
of the vie wor, hich he noted
was deposited on the underside of
the vine leaf. "I find that the insect
takes no note of the month,
or day of the month, in making its
appearance, but is governed entirely
by the temperature of the
air or water.
F^
Fall Floodi
Of fall flooding, Captain Small
had some conclusions:
Where we have the means
of flowing at pleasure, I think
it is well to flow soon after
picking time, and let the water
off after the hard frosts-
here, in Massachusetts, about
the 20th, or last of May.
He had trouble with excessive
vine growth, which appeared to be
his greatest trouble when hewrote
in 1870:
I have tried by several
methods to overcome this
trouble but the only one that
seems to promise any favorable
results is putting on, or
among the vines, some two or
three inches of sand; the best
way, I find, is to spread it on
the ice when the vines are
flowed in the winter.
Noted Various Insects
There are several other insects
that interfere more or
less with our cranberry crops,
which, as yet, we have not
been able to find any remedy
for; the most destructive and
the least likely to be noticed
by growers, is a very small,
orange-colored insect, called
Fifteen
the tip-worm, which preys $200
only on the new-formed
per acre to $700. "Poor" bogs to this point, has been posed to
buds $200 to $500. One town reported indicate
or at the tip or the shoots. the variations in valua
"no fixed valuations." Another has tion. Note alsoThis insect is too small to be valuations states that the
readily seen, but its presence
ranging from $800 to State legislature is cognizant of
is indicated by two leaves at
$200 per acre. One, "average, $500 the problem of the inequities of
the top of the shoot standing
per acre. One town assessed as taxation as effecting those en-high as $1,000 for "top" bogs, one gaged in agriculture.
erect, and concaved, or spoon-from $600
bowl shaped on the inner or acre.
to as low as $50 per It has been stated that Massabud
side. It seems to do its
chusetts taxes per barrel have run
work inthe summer, while the
One town placed a valuation as high as $2.00 while it may be
berry upon the five-year average in bar-only a few
is growing, and buds rels from cents in Wisconsin.
forming for next year's crop. top rate
70 up to 12 or less. The Mr. Glover admits it will be ain this town is $1,000 hard battle to obtain substantial
Very few yards are entirely
free from this insect. Some
per acre and the lowest $100. real estate reduction for growers,
can be found in almost every The material sent to the town
The material sent to the town but he hopes tocranberry patch, and, in a few taxing authorities concludes with the Farm
enlist support of
cases, they Bureau Federation andhave been known the statement that variations others
to destroy the whole crop. shown do not make up an ideal
interested in the problems
(CONTINUED NEXT MONTH) solution
facing agriculture in Massachuand
all the information setts.
LOST ON BOG
"Two East Greenwich, Rhode
Island hunters were back home CRANA
today after being lost in a cran-
berry bog near the Connecticut
line for seven hours" reported a
Massachusetts newspaper. The bog
was that of the Colonial Cran-Quality Cranberry Products
berry Company near Greene, R. I.,
owned by Ralph Thacher, John Retail -Institutional
Learoyd, Ed McConnell and Alden
-Inustrial -Gift Packs
C. Brett. Mr. Brett, who is execu-Cranguyma Farms
tive secretary of the 'Cranberry
Long Beach, Washington
Institute, on hearing of this corn-
mented. "I am not surprised; some
of my dollars have been wander-
ing in that bog for five years and r _. T.ii.
I am beginning to wonder if they
ever will find their way out."
Taxation
(Continued from Page 2)
tax rate an unequitable burden is
pled with a high and increasing
being placed on bog owners or
other holders of agricultural real wish to
estate. "So that now our problem wishes
extend holiday
to all for a Yuletide
might be stated, 'just how are
cranberry bogs assessed, and if filled with the bet things of
different than other real estate, life: good health ood fellow-
why shouldn't cranberry bogs bed p-
assessed like other properties?'" ship and high happness.
Examples of tax rates by towns
designated by letters from "A"
on, show variations of many sorts.
One town values "good" bog at Pymouth ounty
$800 per acre, another at $1,000, l Eletric o.
C.
"Class A" bogs at $500 an acre, WAREHAM LYMOUTH
the same in another town at $700.
Some classify dry bogs at $400 || TEL. 200 TEL. 1300 an acre, "Fair" bogs vary from
Sixteen
4 , .......
.4.
Bee {o "'~ ". 1~ 1 eS g ma al s s ..........; i ."
*.*eed' ',
('1'B.. i M
TheGrowers' Cooperative;;~:::::::~;~; 5·-?
;·;·:·:·:·:·:n-r1Pnfw;n-N -T clo llilt-.. O n
, .The Cooperative.
Growers'
There hs
i a
abide with you always. May its spirit o[ good
throughot the new year.
ASSOCIATION::;:;::::.:
NATIONAL CRANBERRY !;
9
g Hanson, Bordentown, N. J. Coquille. Ore.
Mass.
Onset, Mass. North Chiago, Illinois Markham, Wash.
:>-wS -r $R me r .* m
IONCE AGA IN
HAS NT MEA
MIOR the best IlamA
N EA A e in
J Freesk s
Cranberrie
TO MORE PEOPLE -IN MORE PLACES .
THAN ANY OTHER BRAND.
Quality and Long Range Planning !
are the answers--that's why we say,
EATM"OR -the best name in
Fresh Cranberries
Y
1I 44 W. 14th Place, Chicago
1dtIBatmo^
Pemberton, N. J. Carver, Mass. Wisconsin Rapids, Wisc.
r~,.-s asA..j
=
Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page
Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page
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