Battle of the Trench: Quraysh troops attempt to siege Medina (then called Yathrib), but lose to the Muslim force.

627 CE

Siege of Bani Qurayzah: Muslims capture the Jewish stronghold and Muhammad approves of the killing of all of the males who had reached puberty, and one female, the rest of whom are sold in exchange for goods.

628 CE

Conquest of Khaybar oasis: Jews barricade themselves in a fort at Khaybar oasis and are allowed to remain living there if they pay the Muslims one third of their produce.

628 CE

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: A peace agreement is signed between Muhammad’s Muslims and the people of Mecca.

629 CE

First Pilgrimage ("lesser" pilgrimage or "umrah") made by Muhammad and his Muslims to Mecca after migrating to Medina.

629 CE

Battle of Mu’tah:Muslims attempt to capture the village east of the Jordan River from the Byzantine Empire to show their expanding dominance, resulting in a Muslim defeat.

630 CE

Attempted Siege of Ta’if: Muhammad’s forces are initially unable to siege Ta’if and convert its people to Islam.

630 CE

Battle of Hunayn: Ending in a decisive victory for the Muslims over the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin.

630 CE

Non-violent conquest of Mecca: The Quraysh realize that the Muslims now greatly outnumber them and allow the Muslims to capture their city, Mecca, and rule it as they please.

632 CE

Muhammad dies in Medina, not clearly naming a successor to lead the Muslim people.

632 CE

“Farewell Hajj Pilgrimage”: This is the only Hajj pilgrimage in which Muhammad participates.

632 CE - 634 CE

Abu Bakr becomes the first caliph (successor to Muhammad) of the Rashidun Caliphate.

'Uthman ibn 'Affan succeeds 'Umar to become the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

c. 650 CE

Realizing several variations in Qur'ans throughout the Islamic Empire, 'Uthman orders the establishment of one "true" Qur'an while destroying the others. Thus, the 'Uthman Qur'an Codex was created and is still the acceptable Qur'an used to this day.

656 CE - 661 CE

'Ali ibn Abi Talib succeeds 'Uthman to become the fourth and final caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

Mar 670 CE

Hasan ibn 'Ali, Shi'a Islam's second imam (his father, 'Ali, being the first imam), is poisoned to death

Oct 680 CE

Husayn ibn 'Ali, Shi'a Islam's third imam, is beheaded by Yazid I's force at the Battle of Karbala in present-day Iraq.

708 CE - 714 CE

The Kojiki written, a collection of oral myths forming the basis of the Shinto religion.

224 CE - 240 CE: Reign of Ardashir I, who reformed the Persia by centralizing power, making Zoroastrianism state religion, and rivalling Rome.

300 CE: Armenia is the first state to adopt Christianity as state religion.

313 CE: Roman emperor Constantine I tolerates Christianity.

372 CE: A Confucian Academy is established in the Goguryeo kingdom of northern Korea and Buddism is adopted as the state religion.

384 CE: Buddhism is adopted as the state religion by the Baekje kingdom of western Korea.

391 CE: Christianity becomes official religion of Empire.

415 CE: Cult of Amun proscribed by the new religion of Christianity. .

500 CE - 600 CE: In India the Tantric expands the number of deities to include helpful demons, contactable through ritual.

503 CE: Clovis converts to Christianity.

570 CE: Muhammad is born in Mecca.

610 CE: Muhammad receives his first revelation on Mount Hira.

622 CE: Muhammad undertakes the Hijra (migration) from Mecca to Medina, establishing the start of the Islamic calendar.

624 CE: Battle of Badr: Muhammad’s forces win, resulting in a turning point for Islam against the ruling Quraysh tribe.

625 CE: Battle of Uhud: Quraysh tribe defeats the Muslims.

627 CE: Battle of the Trench: Quraysh troops attempt to siege Medina (then called Yathrib), but lose to the Muslim force.

627 CE: Siege of Bani Qurayzah: Muslims capture the Jewish stronghold and Muhammad approves of the killing of all of the males who had reached puberty, and one female, the rest of whom are sold in exchange for goods.

628 CE: Conquest of Khaybar oasis: Jews barricade themselves in a fort at Khaybar oasis and are allowed to remain living there if they pay the Muslims one third of their produce.

628 CE: Treaty of Hudaybiyyah: A peace agreement is signed between Muhammad’s Muslims and the people of Mecca.

629 CE: First Pilgrimage ("lesser" pilgrimage or "umrah") made by Muhammad and his Muslims to Mecca after migrating to Medina.

629 CE: Battle of Mu’tah:Muslims attempt to capture the village east of the Jordan River from the Byzantine Empire to show their expanding dominance, resulting in a Muslim defeat.

630 CE: Attempted Siege of Ta’if: Muhammad’s forces are initially unable to siege Ta’if and convert its people to Islam.

630 CE: Battle of Hunayn: Ending in a decisive victory for the Muslims over the Bedouin tribe of Hawazin.

630 CE: Non-violent conquest of Mecca: The Quraysh realize that the Muslims now greatly outnumber them and allow the Muslims to capture their city, Mecca, and rule it as they please.

632 CE: Muhammad dies in Medina, not clearly naming a successor to lead the Muslim people.

632 CE: “Farewell Hajj Pilgrimage”: This is the only Hajj pilgrimage in which Muhammad participates.

644 CE - 656 CE: 'Uthman ibn 'Affan succeeds 'Umar to become the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

650 CE: Realizing several variations in Qur'ans throughout the Islamic Empire, 'Uthman orders the establishment of one "true" Qur'an while destroying the others. Thus, the 'Uthman Qur'an Codex was created and is still the acceptable Qur'an used to this day.

656 CE - 661 CE: 'Ali ibn Abi Talib succeeds 'Uthman to become the fourth and final caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.

670 CE: Hasan ibn 'Ali, Shi'a Islam's second imam (his father, 'Ali, being the first imam), is poisoned to death

680 CE: Husayn ibn 'Ali, Shi'a Islam's third imam, is beheaded by Yazid I's force at the Battle of Karbala in present-day Iraq.

708 CE - 714 CE: The Kojiki written, a collection of oral myths forming the basis of the Shinto religion.