progressive anemia that results from a lack of intrinsic factors essiential for the absorption of vitamin B12.

a-

no, not

plast/o

formation

-ic

pertaining to

an-

no, not

-emia

blood condition

aplastic anemia

suppression of bone marrow function leading to a reduction in RBC production. Although causes of this often fatal type of anemia may be hepatitis, radiation, or cytotoxic agents, most causes are idiopathic. Also called hypoplastic anemia.

hem/o

blood

-lytic

pertaining to destruction

hemolytic anemia

a group of anemias caused by destruction of red blood cells

auto-

self

immune

safety, protection

hem/o

blood

-lytic

pertaining to destruction

an-

no, not

-emia

blood condition

autoimmune acquired hemolytic anemia

anemia aquired by the body's destruction of its own RBCs by serum antibodies

non-

not

hem/o

blood

-lytic

pertaining to destruction

an-

no, not

-emia

blood condition

nonautoimmune aquired hemolytic anemia

anemia that may be drug induced or may be caused by an infectious disease

group of inherited disorders of people of Mediterranean, African, and Southeast Asian descent, in which the anemia is the result of a decrease in the synthesis of hemoglobin, resulting in decreased production and increased destruction of RBCs

pan-

all

cyt/o

cell

-penia

deficiency

pancytopenia

deficiency of all blood cells caused by dysfunctional stem cells

hem/o

blood

-philia

attraction condition

hemophilia

group of inherited bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for the coagulation of blood

poly-

many

cyt/o

cell

-emia

blood condition

vera

true

polycythemia vera

chronic increase in the number of RBCs and the concentration of hemoglobin. "Vera" signifies that theis is not a sequela of another condition.

purpur/o

purple

-a

noun ending

purpura

bleeding disorder characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues

thromb/o

clot, clotting

cyt/o

cell

-penia

deficiency

thrombocytopenia

deficiency of platelets that causes an inability of the blood to clot. The most common cause of bleeding disorders.

leuk/o

white blood cell

-cytosis

abnormal increase in cells

leukocytosis

abnormal increase in WBCs. Abnormal increases in each type of granulocyte are termed eosinophilia, basophilia, or neutrophilia, where the suffix -philia denotes a slight increase. Abnormal increase in the number of each type of agranulocyte are termed lyphocytosis or moncytosis.

immune system's overreaction to irritants that are perceived as antigens. The substance that causes the irritation is called an allergen. Also called hypersensitivity.

ana-

without

-phylaxis

protection

anaphylaxis

extreme form of allergic response in which the patient suffers severely decreased blood pressure and constriction of the airways.

delayed allergy

immune system hypersensitivity caused by activated T cells that respond to an exposure of the skin to a chemical irritant up to 2 days later. An example would be poison ivy. The resulting rash is called contact dermatitis.

immediate allergy

Hypersensitivity of the immune system caused by IgE. Example are tree and grass pollens.

slowly progressing form of leukemia in which immature lymphocytes proliferate. Occurs most frequently in middle age adults, rarely in children.

chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

immature bone marrow cells proliferate, similar to CLL

Hodgkin lymphoma

cancer diagnosed by detection of a type of cell specific only to this diserder: Reed-Sternberg cells.

myeloma, multiple

a.k.a. plasma cell dyscrasia or myelomatosis, this rare malignancy of plasma cells is formed from B lymphocytes. It is called "multiple" myeloma because the tumors are found in many bones. If it occurs in only one bone, the tumor is referred to as a plasmacytoma.

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

a collection of all other lymphatic cancers but Hodgkin lymphomas. This type is the more numerous of the two lymphomas and is the sixth most common type of cancer in the US

thymoma, malignant

a.k.a. thymic carcinoma is a rare malignancy of the thymus gland particularly invasive and unlike its benign form, is not associated with autoimmune disorders.

lymphadenography

radiographic visualization of the lymph gland after injection of a radiopaque substance. Also called lymphography.

lymphangiography

radiographic visualization of a part of the lymphatic system after inejction with a radiopaque substance.

splenic arteriography

radiographic visualization of the spleen with the use of a contrast medium.

AIDS tests- ELISA, Western blot

tests to detect the presence of HIV types 1 and 2.

allergy testing

series of tests involving a patch, scratch, or intradermal injection of an attenuated amount of an allergen to test for hypersensitivity.

measurement of the time mature RBCs to settle out of a blood sample after an anticoagulant is added. An increased ESR indicates inflammation.

heatocrit (Hct), packed-cell volume (PCV)

measure of the percentages of RBCs in the blood.

hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb)

iron-containing pigment of RBCs that carries oxygen to tissues

mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

test to measure the average weight of hemoglobin per RBC. Useful in diagnosing anemia

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrate (MCHC)

test to measure the concentration of hemoglobin in RBCs. This test is useful for measuring a patient's response to treatment for anemia.

monospot

test for infectious mononucleosis.

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

test of blood plasma to detect coagulation defects of the intrinsic system; used to detect hemophilias.

prothrombin time (PT)

test that measures the amount of tie taken for clot formation. It is used to determine the cause of unexplained bleeding, to assess levels of anticoagulation in patients taing warfarin or with vitamin K deficiency, and to assess the ability of the liver to syntheisze blood-clotting proteins.

Schillings test

nuclear medicine test used to diagnose pernicious anemia and other metabolic disorders

-apheresis

removal

apheresis

temporary removal of blood from a donor, in which one or more components are removed, and te rest of the blood is reinfused into the donor. Esamples include leukapheresis, removal of WBCs; plasmapheresis, removal of plasma; and plateletpheresis, rmoval of thrombocytes. Also called pheresis.

bone marrow transplant (BMT)

the transplantation of bone marrow to stimulate production of normal blood cells.