Language plays an important role in human life. One tries to acquire, learn and use language as a means of communication, and simultaneously as social symbol of humanity. By using language someone could make statements, convey facts and knowledge explain or report something, and keep social relations among the language users. These indicate that by means of language, people can express their ideas, feeling, and information through communication. As one of language in the world, English is considered and applied as international language. Since then, it is very popular and has been spoken and learnt by almost people in the world. There are some reasons why English is important and many people attempt to learn it. Some of them are: for finding job, traveling, interacting by each other, doing business, taking examination, doing research, writing in the foreign language. In such developing country like Indonesia, English has a vital role in all aspects of life, particularly in science and technology. Furthermore, it can be used for developing relationships in the international forum, for reading English book (especially for students from primary school up to colleges/university), to tighten the relationship among nations in the world. As students, we learn English are intended to obtain various knowledge, to comprehend and understand the textbooks learned in English to gain knowledge and skills. Looking at the above important roles of English, that is why English is very important to understand and to be mastered by every people throughout the world since before.

“English will make everybody survive and go anywhere”. This expression reminds us how importance of English for human life is. As global or universal language, English is not only enables us to communicate and interact with every people throughout the world, but also it could alter our life to be better. Furthermore, we also must be aware that the western countries play extra ordinary role in developing and keeping science and technology. Thus, if we want to be a skilful scientists, linguists, and be able to compete with the other countries in the world, we must understand, master and learn the language they use, namely English.

1. English is highly necessary to be learned and mastered by everyone, in order to be able to compete in the globalization era;

2. English is a key to open and master science and technology, because most of scientists write their experts and inventions in English.

3. As students, we have to prepare ourselves by learning hard, particularly English as well as the other subjects at university;

4. By mastering English enables us to become survive and go anywhere throughout the world;

Knowing is not enough, we must apply. Willing is not enough, we must do. Language indicates nation as English is a bridge for the future.

1.2 Brief review of an ESP approach in syllabus design

It has long seem unjust that the growing number f young people learning English and also studying science and technology should be forced to learn their English largely through the study of literature, and literary criticism, simply because that has been, until recently, the only form of teaching offered to her. The intending student of science or technology usually faces there disadvantages in the nature of the English teaching available to him:

Much time and effort is spent learning material that is not his primary concern (ie, the disadvantage of wasted time);

The learner is not given material that is his primary concern (ie, the disadvantage of gaps in the leaner’s knowledge);

In many cases the attitudes o the teacher of literature are antipathetic to science (ie, the disadvantage of hostile attitudes).

The situation ought to be, in contrast, that the nature of a learner’s needs should determine the teaching given to him such views form the basis for teaching English for specific purposes-ESP.

English for specific purposes is a particular case of the general category of specific purpose language teaching. The same principles apply no matter which language is being learned and taught. French for specific purposes, Russian for specific purposes, Chinese for specific purposes – all of these exist and are constructed on the same basis as English of specific purposes. The vastly greater demand for English makes ESP more common than FSP, RSP, or CSP, but the principles are the same.

1.3 Method of doing analysis

The method of doing analysis in this pepper was by literary device.

II NEED ANANYSIS

No.

STEPS

DESCRIPTIONS

EXAMPLES

1

Identification of target group

Who are the participants of the curse we design?

Tour Guide

2

Identification of Duties of Professional Workers

What are responsibilities of the professional workers in the target situation (in terms of the use of language)?

Responsibilities of Tour Guide:

Welcoming

Answering question

Explaining safety

Explaining rules

Explaining etiquette

Showing places of interest

Offering something

Giving direction

Telling the place history

Asking and giving information

3

Assessment of communicative needs

What kinds of communicative needs do professional workers need to be able to do the responsibilities?

In order to be able to do these responsibilities the tour guide must have language ability on:

How to welcome the tourist appropriately.

How to answering question clearly.

How to explain safety correctly.

How to explain rules correctly.

How to explain etiquette correctly.

How to show place of interest clearly.

How to offer something politely.

How to giving direction well.

How to tell the place history clearly.

How to ask and give information clearly.

4

Translation of Communicative Needs into English Competencies

What English competencies do they need to have in order to be able to function effectively?

One communicative needs can be translated into several English competencies:

How to welcome the tourist appropriately:

Can use greeting

How to answering question clearly:

How to explain safety correctly:

How to explain rules correctly:

How to explain etiquette correctly:

How to show place of interest clearly:

How to offer something:

How to giving direction:

How to tell the place history clearly:

How to ask and give information:

5

Translation of English Competencies into Linguistics and other Specification

What language input should be included in the syllabus in order to achieve the language needed in the target situation?

To find out the learning needs (language input for class activities), the competencies can further be translated into detail linguistic and other specification for examples: