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xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 class=\u0022contributors\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022contributor-list\u0022 id=\u0022contrib-group-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022contributor\u0022 id=\u0022contrib-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022name\u0022\u003EMisao Fujita\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-aff-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-aff\u0022 href=\u0022#aff-1\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022last\u0022 id=\u0022contrib-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022name\u0022\u003EKeiichi Tabuchi\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-aff-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-aff\u0022 href=\u0022#aff-2\u0022\u003E2\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022affiliation-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022aff\u0022\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022aff-1\u0022 name=\u0022aff-1\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Caddress\u003E\n\u003Csup\u003E1\u003C\/sup\u003E\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022institution\u0022\u003EUehiro Research Division for iPS Cell Ethics\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022institution\u0022\u003ECenter for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022addr-line\u0022\u003EKyoto\u003C\/span\u003E, Japan\n\u003C\/address\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022aff\u0022\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022aff-2\u0022 name=\u0022aff-2\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Caddress\u003E\n\u003Csup\u003E2\u003C\/sup\u003E\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022institution\u0022\u003EMedical Applications Promoting Office\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022institution\u0022\u003ECenter for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003Cspan class=\u0022addr-line\u0022\u003EKyoto\u003C\/span\u003E, Japan\n\u003C\/address\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022corresp-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022corresp\u0022 id=\u0022corresp-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022corresp-label\u0022\u003ECorrespondence to\u003C\/span\u003E\n Dr Misao Fujita, Uehiro Research Division for iPS Cell Ethics, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; \u003Cspan class=\u0022em-link\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-addr\u0022\u003Emisao-fujita{at}cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n \n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article abstract-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section abstract\u0022 id=\u0022abstract-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EAbstract\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EIn the October edition of the \u003Cem\u003EJournal of Medical Ethics\u003C\/em\u003E, Akabayashi and colleagues state that \u2019to establish a heterogeneous [induced pluripotent stem cell] iPSC bank covering roughly 80% of Japan\u2019s population\u2026the Japanese government decided to invest JPY110 billion (US$ 1.1 billion) over 10 years in regenerative medicine research; a quarter of this was to be allocated to the iPSC stock project\u0027. While they claim this amount of money to be an unfair distribution of state resources, we believe their assessment is based on a misunderstanding of the facts. Similarly, other criticisms by them are based on mistaken interpretations. This article is a rebuttal to the arguments that form the basis of Akabayashi and colleagues\u2019 five criticisms by explaining their misinterpretations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Estem cell research\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Edistributive justice\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003Eresource allocation\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022license\u0022 id=\u0022license-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThis is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\u0022 rel=\u0022license\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-snippet pane-jnl-template-bmjj-art-middle-ad oas-ads oas-ads-mid pull-right\u0022 \u003E\n \n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022snippet jnl-template-bmjj-art-middle-ad\u0022 id=\u0022jnl-template-bmjj-art-middle-ad\u0022\u003E\n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022snippet-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv id=\u0022oas_Middle1\u0022\u003E\u003Cscript type=\u0022text\/javascript\u0022\u003Eoas_tag.loadAd(\u0022Middle1\u0022);\u003C\/script\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-custom pane-1\u0022 \u003E\n \n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/medethics-2018-105248\u0022 target=\u0022_new\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/medethics-2018-105248\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-altmetrics\u0022 \u003E\n \n \u003Ch2 class=\u0022pane-title\u0022\u003EStatistics from Altmetric.com\u003C\/h2\u003E\n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv data-badge-details=\u0022right\u0022 data-badge-type=\u0022medium-donut\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1136\/medethics-2018-105248\u0022 data-hide-no-mentions=\u0022true\u0022 class=\u0022altmetric-embed\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-bmjj-jumplinks\u0022 \u003E\n \n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-list-wrapper\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n \n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view \u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022kwd-group\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/stem-cell-research\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-stem-cell-research\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003Estem cell research\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/distributive-justice\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-distributive-justice\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003Edistributive justice\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022kwd\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/keyword\/resource-allocation\u0022 class=\u0022hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-resource-allocation\u0022 rel=\u0022nofollow\u0022\u003Eresource allocation\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section intro\u0022 id=\u0022sec-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EIntroduction\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EIn the October edition of the \u003Cem\u003EJournal of Medical Ethics\u003C\/em\u003E, Akabayashi and colleagues state\u00a0that \u2019to establish a heterogeneous (induced pluripotent stem cell) iPSC bank covering roughly 80% of Japan\u2019s population\u2026the Japanese government decided to invest JPY110 billion (US$ 1.1\u2009billion) over 10 years in regenerative medicine research; a quarter of this was to be allocated to the iPSC stock project.\u0027\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-1\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/a\u003E While they claim this amount of money to be an unfair distribution of state resources, we believe their assessment is based on a misunderstanding of the facts.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EThe official name of the iPSC bank project is the \u2018Core Center for iPS Cell Research\u2019 (herewith, \u2018iPSC stock project\u2019).\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E2\u003C\/a\u003E Besides the construction and supply of clinical-grade iPSCs, as described by Akabayashi and colleagues, the project handles a wide number of research and non-research projects. Thus, the budget is used for incidental projects, such as the development of basic technologies that are necessary to create and optimise methods for establishing, culturing and assessing iPSCs, research on the clinical-use of iPSC banks overseas, the acquisition and maintenance of intellectual property, and the dissemination of information about the stock. In other words, the amount being spent on building and supplying the iPSC stock is less than that cited by Akabayashi and colleagues.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003ESimilarly, their other criticisms are based on mistaken interpretations. This article is a rebuttal to\u00a0the arguments that form the basis of Akabayashi and colleagues\u2019 five criticisms by explaining their misinterpretations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-2\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EMisunderstandings that are the basis of the five criticisms\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EFirst, they state that \u2018the popularity and surge of interest in iPSC research in Japan means that all studies conducting this kind of research are more attractive to funders\u2019 and cite problems with transparency in the decision\u00a0making about the investment of state funds into the project. However, the funding decision did not deviate from standard protocol. Budgets executed by the Japanese government go through the following sequence: (1) Policy studies are carried out by an advisory group that includes outside experts. (2) Various ministries and agencies draw up draft budgets to implement these policies. (3) Requests submitted by the ministries and agencies are compiled into a draft budget by the Ministry of Finance. (4) The draft budget is deliberated and finally approved by a majority in the Diet (Japan Parliament). This process is open to the public, and the budget for the iPSC stock project was determined following this procedure. The authors provide no evidence justifying the claims that the budget was decided without objectivity or transparency.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003ESecond, Akabayashi and colleagues state that the cell strains established by the iPSC stock project would only match the immunotypes of 30%\u201350% of the Japanese population, meaning that the remaining 50%\u201370%\u2009would not receive any direct benefits. They argue that it is unfair to use tax money to fund the project when only a proportion of the population benefits. However, it is not accurate to claim that the iPSC stock can only be used by patients with matching immunotypes. As with other human-derived materials, so long as\u00a0donors provide consent, these high-quality, highly safe cells can be used in allotransplants in a larger number of patients. All cells in the iPSC stock are carefully screened and approved for human administration by regulatory authorities. The manufacturing facility is comparable with good manufacturing practice for investigational drugs. The technologies developed through this project can be extrapolated to other cellular therapies and also other research using iPSCs, such as drug development and disease modelling. When these points are taken into consideration, it is clear that even the proportion of the public whose cells do not have matching immunotypes will benefit from the iPSC stock project.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EThird, Akabayashi and colleagues state that \u2018the government did not hold any public Q \u0026amp; A session about the iPSC stock procedure\u0027. However, the national project \u2018Research Center Network for Realisation of Regenerative Medicine\u0027, which includes the iPSC stock project, holds annual symposiums that are open to the general public.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-3-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-3\u0022\u003E3\u003C\/a\u003E These symposiums regularly\u00a0provide citizens with\u00a0the opportunity to discuss with scientists state-funded research and how the research will benefit society. Moreover, the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application\u00a0(CiRA), Kyoto University, disseminates information to the general public through its website, informational bulletins and public symposiums.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-4-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-4\u0022\u003E4\u003C\/a\u003E Therefore, the claim by Akabayashi and colleagues that \u003Cem\u003Eprocedural justice\u003C\/em\u003E was not granted is questionable.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003EFourth, Akabayashi and colleagues claim that \u2019strong support of a particular project lessens a nation\u2019s capacity to address other intractable, serious illnesses, such as cancer or cerebrovascular disease\u0027. However, of the other intractable, serious illnesses they listed, budget allocations for cancer research were\u00a0nearly unchanged during the launch of the iPSC stock project.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-5-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-5\u0022\u003E5 6\u003C\/a\u003E Further, budgets for policies and projects undergo annual, multilayered reviews that assess their progress, suitability of the budgets and other aspects. A framework is available for conducting the necessary reviews if a funded project does not produce expected results, if the societal conditions change or if another field more deserving of funding appears. In fact, the iPSC stock project is slated to be part of an overall policy review by the Ministry of Education, Culture Sports, Science, and Technology in 2020. There is already a system in place for periodic review to ensure that funding for a particular project does not decrease a nation\u2019s capacity to address other fields.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003EFifth and finally, Akabayashi and colleagues argue that the disease-specific iPSC bank run by RIKEN (Japan)\u00a0would be a better use of public funds for developing drugs for rare intractable diseases than CiRA\u2019s iPSC stock project. Although this is a valid point, the cells created by the iPSC stock project are expected to impact a wide range of research beyond clinical cellular therapies or drug discovery for rare intractable diseases. Referencing two recent studies,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-7-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-7\u0022\u003E7\u003C\/a\u003E Akabayashi and colleagues state that \u2018between half and two-thirds of projects have not matched human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types\u2019 and \u2018if the demand for HLA matching is decreased, then the value of the iPSC stock bank will drop as well\u0027. As explained in our rebuttal to argument 2, the use of the cells established by the iPSC stock project will have high value even if these premises are true. The iPSC stock contains high-quality cells and excellent management facilities, and preparations with an eye to future market developments are currently under\u00a0way. While the concerns raised by Akabayashi and colleagues are valid, they are debatable, and our position is that the social benefits of the iPSC stock project remains strong regardless of the RIKEN bank.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section conclusions\u0022 id=\u0022sec-3\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EConclusion\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-11\u0022\u003EGood ethics begin with good facts. This is the mantra of the Hastings Center. The value of the iPSC stock project is debatable, with some, like Akabayashi and colleagues, arguing that the social benefits do not justify the costs. However, to have a healthy debate on this topic requires an accurate assessment of the facts. As we argue here, many of the points by the opposition ignore the much broader scope of the iPSC stock project, and thus unfairly bring doubt into the project\u2019s value.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section ack\u0022 id=\u0022ack-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EAcknowledgments\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-12\u0022\u003EThe authors thank Dr. Tadaaki Hanatani, Ms. Naoko Takasu and Dr. Peter Karagiannis at the CiRA, Kyoto University for their technical support for the manuscript.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section ref-list\u0022 id=\u0022ref-list-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\u0022\u0022\u003EReferences\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-1-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 1 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-1\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-medethics-2018-105248v1.1\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1136\/medethics-2018-105024\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EAkabayashi\u003C\/span\u003E\n \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EA\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ENakazawa\u003C\/span\u003E\n \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EE\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EJecker\u003C\/span\u003E\n \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ENS\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/span\u003E\n\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EEndangerment of the iPSC stock project in Japan: on the ethics of public funding policies\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EJ Med Ethics\u003C\/abbr\u003E\n\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2018\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E44\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E700\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E2\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/medethics-2018-105024\u0022\u003Edoi:10.1136\/medethics-2018-105024\u003C\/a\u003E\n\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BMed%2BEthics%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fmedethics-2018-105024%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F30087154%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6OToibWVkZXRoaWNzIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjk6IjQ0LzEwLzcwMCI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjU0OiIvbWVkZXRoaWNzL2Vhcmx5LzIwMTkvMDEvMTEvbWVkZXRoaWNzLTIwMTgtMTA1MjQ4LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-abstract\u0022\u003EAbstract\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep\u0022\u003E\/\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-2-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 2 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-2\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-web\u0022 id=\u0022cit-medethics-2018-105248v1.2\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth cit-collab\u0022\u003EJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST)\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003ECore Center for iPS Cell Research\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.jst.go.jp\/saisei-nw\/en\/research\/core\/index.html\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.jst.go.jp\/saisei-nw\/en\/research\/core\/index.html\u003C\/a\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-comment\u0022\u003EAccessed 5 Nov 2018\u003C\/span\u003E).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-3-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 3 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-3\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-web\u0022 id=\u0022cit-medethics-2018-105248v1.3\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth cit-collab\u0022\u003EJapan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EPublic symposium of AMED for regenerative medicine. (in Japanese)\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2017\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.amed.go.jp\/news\/event\/RMsympo2017.html\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/www.amed.go.jp\/news\/event\/RMsympo2017.html\u003C\/a\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-comment\u0022\u003EAccessed 5 Nov 2018\u003C\/span\u003E).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-4-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 4 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-4\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-web\u0022 id=\u0022cit-medethics-2018-105248v1.4\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003ECenter for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp\/e\/\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.cira.kyoto-u.ac.jp\/e\/\u003C\/a\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-comment\u0022\u003EAccessed 5 Nov 2018\u003C\/span\u003E).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-5-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 5 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-5\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-web\u0022 id=\u0022cit-medethics-2018-105248v1.5\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth cit-collab\u0022\u003EMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EMain Budget Item for FY2012, P.27. (in Japanese)\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2012\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/component\/b_menu\/other\/__icsFiles\/afieldfile\/2012\/02\/07\/1314488_19.pdf\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/component\/b_menu\/other\/__icsFiles\/afieldfile\/2012\/02\/07\/1314488_19.pdf\u003C\/a\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-comment\u0022\u003EAccessed 5 Nov 2018\u003C\/span\u003E).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-5-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 6 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-6\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-web\u0022 id=\u0022cit-medethics-2018-105248v1.6\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth cit-collab\u0022\u003EMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EMain Budget Item for FY2013, P.31. (in Japanese)\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2013\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/component\/b_menu\/other\/__icsFiles\/afieldfile\/2013\/02\/05\/1330426_03.pdf\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/component\/b_menu\/other\/__icsFiles\/afieldfile\/2013\/02\/05\/1330426_03.pdf\u003C\/a\u003E\n\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-7-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 7 in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-7\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-web\u0022 id=\u0022cit-medethics-2018-105248v1.7\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth cit-collab\u0022\u003EAsahi Digital Newspaper\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EiPSC: Many researches which do not match HLA patterns. 2018 (in Japanese)\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2018\u003C\/span\u003E. \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/digital.asahi.com\/articles\/ASL667KNRL66UBQU00P.html?rm=506\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/digital.asahi.com\/articles\/ASL667KNRL66UBQU00P.html?rm=506\u003C\/a\u003E (\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-comment\u0022\u003EAccessed 5 Nov 2018\u003C\/span\u003E).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/jme.bmj.com\/content\/early\/2019\/01\/11\/medethics-2018-105248.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022 data-icon-position=\u0022\u0022 data-hide-link-title=\u00220\u0022\u003EView Abstract\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup footnotes\u0022 \u003E\n \n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 class=\u0022section fn-group\u0022 id=\u0022fn-group-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EFootnotes\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-other\u0022 id=\u0022fn-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-13\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003EContributors\u003C\/span\u003E MF: conceptualisation, writing original draft and editing. KT: writing original draft and editing.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-other\u0022 id=\u0022fn-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-14\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003EFunding\u003C\/span\u003E Supported in part by the Uehiro Foundation on Ethics and Education.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-conflict\u0022 id=\u0022fn-3\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-15\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003ECompeting interests\u003C\/span\u003E The opinions expressed in this paper are the authors\u2019 own and do not represent those of the CiRA of Kyoto University.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-other\u0022 id=\u0022fn-4\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-16\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003EPatient consent\u003C\/span\u003E Not required.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-other\u0022 id=\u0022fn-5\u0022\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-17\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003EProvenance and peer review\u003C\/span\u003E Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-separator\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-custom pane-2\u0022 \u003E\n \n \u003Ch2 class=\u0022pane-title\u0022\u003ERequest Permissions\u003C\/h2\u003E\n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cp\u003EIf you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center\u0026rsquo;s RightsLink service. 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