(a) General provision. - The requirement of authentication or
identification as a condition precedent to admissibility is satisfied by
evidence sufficient to support a finding that the matter in question is what
its proponent claims.

(b) Illustrations. - By way of illustration only, and not by way
of limitation, the following are examples of authentication or identification
conforming with the requirements of this rule:

(1) Testimony of Witness with Knowledge. - Testimony that a
matter is what it is claimed to be.

(2) Nonexpert Opinion on Handwriting. - Nonexpert opinion as to
the genuineness of handwriting, based upon familiarity not acquired for purposes
of the litigation.

(3) Comparison by Trier or Expert Witness. - Comparison by the
trier of fact or by expert witnesses with specimens which have been
authenticated.

(4) Distinctive Characteristics and the Like. - Appearance,
contents, substance, internal patterns, or other distinctive characteristics,
taken in conjunction with circumstances.

(5) Voice Identification. - Identification of a voice, whether
heard firsthand or through mechanical or electronic transmission or recording,
by opinion based upon hearing the voice at any time under circumstances
connecting it with the alleged speaker.

(6) Telephone Conversations. - Telephone conversations, by
evidence that a call was made to the number assigned at the time by the
telephone company to a particular person or business, if (A) in the case of a
person, circumstances, including self-identification, show the person answering
to be the one called, or (B) in the case of a business, the call was made to a
place of business and the conversation related to business reasonably
transacted over the telephone.

(7) Public Records or Reports. - Evidence that a writing
authorized by law to be recorded or filed and in fact recorded or filed in a
public office, or a purported public record, report, statement, or data compilation,
in any form, is from the public office where items of this nature are kept.

(8) Ancient Documents or Data Compilations. - Evidence that a
document or data compilation, in any form, (A) is in such condition as to
create no suspicion concerning its authenticity, (B) was in a place where it,
if authentic, would likely be, and (C) has been in existence 20 years or more
at the time it is offered.

(9) Process or System. - Evidence describing a process or system
used to produce a result and showing that the process or system produces an
accurate result.