The Classification Scheme

The Danish classification, used since 1996, is the base of the Display® classification schemes. So far the Danish scheme, taking into account a building typology, is the only classification all over Europe.
By increasing the number of registered buildings in the different types and considering the recommendations of the CEN (Normalization European Comity), an iterative approach allowed to adjust the classification schemes after the first 6 test months.
Furthermore, the classification scheme will take into account the information provided by the Concerted Action, a working group composed of representatives from nearly all EU member states. The objective of the CA working group is the harmonisation of the implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive.
Currently, 11 types of buildings can be classified. The classification scheme could change in the future.

Classification scheme for the primary energy ratio

kWh/(m².yr)

1/ Day nursery / Kindergarten

2/ General school

3/ Professional school

4/ Administration

5/ Swimming pool

6/ Sports facilities

7/ Depot

8/ Meeting places

A

X ≤ 75

X ≤ 50

X ≤ 75

X ≤ 75

X ≤ 500

X ≤ 75

X ≤ 75

X ≤ 75

B

75 < X ≤ 140

50 < X ≤ 100

75 < X ≤ 125

75 < X ≤ 140

500 < X ≤ 2000

75 < X ≤ 150

75 < X ≤ 160

75 < X ≤ 160

C

140 < X ≤ 205

100 < X ≤ 150

125 < X ≤ 175

140 < X ≤ 205

2000 < X ≤ 3500

150 < X ≤ 225

160 < X ≤ 245

160 < X ≤ 245

D

205 < X ≤ 270

150 < X ≤ 200

175 < X ≤ 225

205 < X ≤ 270

3500 < X ≤ 5000

225 < X ≤ 300

245 < X ≤ 330

245 < X ≤ 330

E

270 < X ≤ 335

200 < X ≤ 250

225 < X ≤ 275

270 < X ≤ 335

5000 < X ≤ 6500

300 < X ≤ 375

330 < X ≤ 415

330 < X ≤ 415

F

335 < X ≤ 400

250 < X ≤ 300

275 < X ≤ 325

335 < X ≤ 400

6500 < X ≤ 8000

375 < X ≤ 420

415 < X ≤ 500

415 < X ≤ 500

G

X > 400

X > 300

X > 325

X > 400

X > 8000

X > 450

X > 500

X > 500

kWh/(m².yr)

9/ Health centre

10/ Rescue centre

11/ Multi residential

12/ Individual house

13/ Commercial

14/ Restaurant

15/ Industrial

16/ Hospital

A

X ≤ 150

X ≤ 100

X ≤ 50

X ≤ 50

X ≤ 75

X ≤ 125

X ≤ 50

X ≤ 175

B

150 < X ≤ 225

100 < X ≤ 200

50 < X ≤ 100

50 < X ≤ 110

75 < X ≤ 145

125 < X ≤ 245

50 < X ≤ 100

175 < X ≤ 300

C

225 < X ≤ 300

200 < X ≤ 300

100 < X ≤ 150

110 < X ≤ 170

145 < X ≤ 215

245 < X ≤ 365

100 < X ≤ 150

300 < X ≤ 425

D

300 < X ≤ 375

300 < X ≤ 400

150 < X ≤ 200

170 < X ≤ 230

215 < X ≤ 285

365 < X ≤ 485

150 < X ≤ 200

425 < X ≤ 550

E

375 < X ≤ 450

400 < X ≤ 500

200 < X ≤ 250

230 < X ≤ 290

285 < X ≤ 355

485 < X ≤ 605

200 < X ≤ 250

550 < X ≤ 675

F

450 < X ≤ 525

500 < X ≤ 600

250 < X ≤ 300

290 < X ≤ 350

335 < X ≤ 425

605 < X ≤ 725

250 < X ≤ 300

675 < X ≤ 800

G

X > 525

X > 600

X > 300

X > 350

X > 425

X > 725

X > 300

X > 800

Classification scheme for the CO2 ratio

kg/(m².yr)

1/ Day nursery / Kindergarten

2/ General school

3/ Professional school

4/ Administration

5/ Swimming pool

6/ Sports facilities

7/ Depot

8/ Meeting places

A

X ≤ 15

X ≤ 10

X ≤ 15

X ≤ 15

X ≤ 100

X ≤ 15

X ≤ 15

X ≤ 15

B

15 < X ≤ 28

10 < X ≤ 20

15 < X ≤ 25

15 < X ≤ 28

100 < X ≤ 400

15 < X ≤ 30

15 < X ≤ 32

15 < X ≤ 32

C

28 < X ≤ 41

20 < X ≤ 30

25 < X ≤ 35

28 < X ≤ 41

400 < X ≤ 700

30 < X ≤ 45

32 < X ≤ 49

32 < X ≤ 49

D

41 < X ≤ 54

30 < X ≤ 40

35 < X ≤ 45

41 < X ≤ 54

700 < X ≤ 1000

45 < X ≤ 60

49 < X ≤ 66

49 < X ≤ 66

E

54 < X ≤ 67

40 < X ≤ 50

45 < X ≤ 55

54 < X ≤ 67

1000 < X ≤ 1300

60 < X ≤ 75

66 < X ≤ 83

66 < X ≤ 83

F

67 < X ≤ 80

50 < X ≤ 60

55 < X ≤ 65

67 < X ≤ 80

1300 < X ≤ 1600

75 < X ≤ 90

83 < X ≤ 100

83 < X ≤ 100

G

X > 80

X > 60

X > 65

X > 80

X > 1600

X > 90

X > 100

X > 100

kg/(m².yr)

9/ Health centre

10/ Rescue centre

11/ Multi residential

12/ Individual house

13/ Commercial

14/ Restaurant

15/ Industrial

16/ Hospital

A

X ≤ 30

X ≤ 20

X ≤ 10

X ≤ 10

X ≤ 15

X ≤ 25

X ≤ 10

X ≤ 35

B

30 < X ≤ 45

20 < X ≤ 36

10 < X ≤ 20

10 < X ≤ 22

15 < X ≤ 29

25 < X ≤ 49

10 < X ≤ 20

35 < X ≤ 60

C

45 < X ≤ 60

36 < X ≤ 52

20 < X ≤ 30

22 < X ≤ 34

29 < X ≤ 43

49 < X ≤ 73

20 < X ≤ 30

60 < X ≤ 85

D

60 < X ≤ 75

52 < X ≤ 68

30 < X ≤ 40

34 < X ≤ 46

43 < X ≤ 57

73 < X ≤ 97

30 < X ≤ 40

85 < X ≤ 110

E

75 < X ≤ 90

68 < X ≤ 86

40 < X ≤ 50

46 < X ≤ 58

57 < X ≤ 71

97 < X ≤ 121

40 < X ≤ 50

110 < X ≤ 135

F

90 < X ≤ 105

86 < X ≤ 102

50 < X ≤ 60

58 < X ≤ 70

71 < X ≤ 85

121 < X ≤ 145

50 < X ≤ 60

135 < X ≤ 160

G

X > 105

X > 102

X > 60

X > 70

X > 85

X > 145

X > 60

X > 160

Classification for the water ratio

L/(m².yr)

1/ Day nursery / Kindergarten

2/ General school

2/ School with pools

3/ Professional school

4/ Administration

5/ Swimming pool (L/user)

6/ Sports facilities

7/ Depot

8/ Meeting places

A

X ≤ 50

X ≤ 60

X ≤ 12500

X ≤ 50

X ≤ 30

X ≤ 80

X ≤ 40

X ≤ 30

X ≤ 30

B

50 < X ≤ 250

60 < X ≤ 150

12500 < X ≤ 25000

50 < X ≤ 145

30 < X ≤ 170

80 < X ≤ 125

40 < X ≤ 110

30 < X ≤ 110

30 < X ≤ 100

C

250 < X ≤ 450

150 < X ≤ 240

25000 < X ≤ 37500

145 < X ≤ 240

170 < X ≤ 240

125 < X ≤ 170

110 < X ≤ 180

110 < X ≤ 190

100 < X ≤ 170

D

450 < X ≤ 650

240 < X ≤ 330

37500 < X ≤ 50000

240 < X ≤ 335

240 < X ≤ 310

170 < X ≤ 215

180 < X ≤ 250

190 < X ≤ 270

170 < X ≤ 240

E

650 < X ≤ 850

330 < X ≤ 420

50000 < X ≤ 62500

335 < X ≤ 430

310 < X ≤ 380

215 < X ≤ 260

250 < X ≤ 320

270 < X ≤ 350

240 < X ≤ 310

F

850 < X ≤ 1050

420 < X ≤ 510

62500 < X ≤ 75000

430 < X ≤ 525

380 < X ≤ 450

260 < X ≤ 305

320 < X ≤ 390

350 < X ≤ 430

310 < X ≤ 380

G

X > 1050

X > 510

X > 75000

X > 525

X > 450

X > 305

X > 390

X > 430

X > 380

L/(m².yr)

9/ Health centre

10/ Rescue centre

11/ Multi residential

12/ Individual house

13/ Commercial

14/ Restaurant

15/ Industrial

16/ Hospital

A

X ≤ 80

X ≤ 350

X ≤ 300

X ≤ 500

X ≤ 100

X ≤ 500

X ≤ 350

X ≤ 500

B

80 < X ≤ 510

350 < X ≤ 500

300 < X ≤ 550

500 < X ≤ 800

100 < X ≤ 200

500 < X ≤ 750

350 < X ≤ 480

500 < X ≤ 750

C

510 < X ≤ 940

500 < X ≤ 650

550 < X ≤ 800

800 < X ≤ 1100

200 < X ≤ 300

750 < X ≤ 1000

480 < X ≤ 610

750 < X ≤ 1000

D

940 < X ≤ 1380

650 < X ≤ 800

800 < X ≤ 1050

1100 < X ≤ 1400

300 < X ≤ 400

1000 < X ≤ 1250

610 < x ≤ 740

1000 < x ≤ 1250

E

1380 < X ≤ 1810

800 < X ≤ 950

1050 < X ≤ 1300

1400 < X ≤ 1700

400 < X ≤ 500

1250 < X ≤ 1500

740 < X ≤ 870

1250 < X ≤ 1500

F

1810 < X ≤ 2240

950 < X ≤ 1100

1300 < X ≤ 1550

1700 < X ≤ 2000

500 < X ≤ 600

1500 < X ≤ 1750

870 < X ≤ 1000

1500 < X ≤ 1750

G

X > 2240

X > 1100

X > 1550

X > 2000

X > 600

X > 1750

X > 1000

X > 1750

Display® classification for the indoor temperature in C°

kWh/(m².yr)

Building Type 1/2/3/4/8/9/11/12

Building Type 6/13/15

Building Type 10/16

Building Type 5

Building Type 14

A

19° ≤ X< 20°

17,5° ≤ X< 18,5°

21,5° ≤ X< 22,5°

27,5° ≤ X< 28,5°

20,5° ≤ X< 21,5°

B

18,5° ≤ X < 19,0° or 20,0° ≤ X< 21,0°

17,0° ≤ X < 17,5° or 18,5° ≤ X< 19,5°

21,0° ≤ X < 21,5° or 22,5° ≤ X< 23,5°

27,0° ≤ X < 27,5° or 28,5° ≤ X< 29,5°

20,0° ≤ X < 20,5° or21,5° ≤ X< 22,5°

C

18,0° ≤ X < 18,5° Or 21,0° ≤ X< 22,0°

16,5° ≤ X < 17,0° or 19,5° ≤ X< 20,5°

20,5° ≤ X < 21,0° or 23,5° ≤ X< 24,5°

26,5° ≤ X < 27,0° Or 29,5° < X ≤ 30,5°

19,5° ≤ X < 20,0° Or 22,5° < X ≤ 23,5°

D

17,5° ≤ X < 18,0° OR 22,0° ≤ X< 23,0°

16,0° ≤ X < 16,5° or 20,5° ≤ X< 21,5°

20,0° ≤ X < 20,5° or 24,5° ≤ X< 25,5°

26,0° ≤ X < 27,5° OR 30,5° < X ≤ 31,5°

19,0° ≤ X < 19,5° OR 23,5° < X ≤ 24,5°

E

17,0° ≤ X < 17,5° OR 23,0° ≤ X< 24,0°

15,5° ≤ X < 16,0° or 21,5° ≤ X< 22,5°

19,5° ≤ X < 20,0° or 25,5° ≤ X< 26,5°

25,5° ≤ X < 26,0° OR 31,5° < X ≤ 32,5°

18,5° ≤ X < 19,0° OR 24,5° < X ≤ 25,5°

F

16,5° ≤ X < 17,0° OR 24,0° ≤ X< 25,0°

15,0° ≤ X < 15,5° or 22,5° ≤ X< 23,5°

19,0° ≤ X < 19,5° or26,5° ≤ X< 27,5°

25,0° ≤ X < 25,5° OR 32,5° < X ≤ 33,5°

18,0° ≤ X < 18,5° OR 25,5° < X ≤ 26,5°

G

16,0° < X > 25,0°

15,0° < X > 23,5°

19,0° < X > 27,5°

25,0° < X > 33,5°

18,0° < X > 26,5°

Display® classification for the indoor temperature of Finland in C°

kWh/(m².yr)

Building Type 1/2/3/4/8/9/11

Building Type 6

Building Type 16

A

20,5° ≤ X< 21,5°

18,5° ≤ X< 19,5°

21,5° ≤ X< 22,5°

B

20,0° ≤ X < 20,5° or 21,5° ≤ X< 22,5°

18,0° ≤ X < 18,5°or19,5° ≤ X< 20,5°

21,0° ≤ X < 21,5°or22,5° ≤ X< 23,5°

C

19,5° ≤ X < 20,0°Or 22,5° < X ≤ 23,5°

17,5° ≤ X < 18,0°or20,5° ≤ X< 21,5°

20,5° ≤ X < 21,0°or23,5° ≤ X< 24,5°

D

19,0° ≤ X < 19,5° OR 23,5° < X ≤ 24,5°

17,0° ≤ X < 17,5°or21,5° ≤ X< 22,5°

20,0° ≤ X < 20,5°or24,5° ≤ X< 25,5°

E

18,5° ≤ X < 19,0° OR 24,5° < X ≤ 25,5°

16,5° ≤ X < 17,0°or22,5° ≤ X< 23,5°

19,5° ≤ X < 20,0°or25,5° ≤ X< 26,5°

F

18,0° ≤ X < 18,5° OR 25,5° < X ≤ 26,5°

16,0° ≤ X < 16,5°or23,5° ≤ X< 24,5°

19,0° ≤ X < 19,5°or26,5° ≤ X< 27,5°

G

18,0° < X > 26,5°

16,0° < X > 24,5°

19,0° < X > 27,5°

Building Types:

1: Day nursery / Kindergarten

2-3 : General and professional school

4 : Administration

5 : Swimming pool

6 : Sports facilities

7 : Depot

8 : Meeting places

9 : Health care

10 : Rescue centre

11-12: Multi residential and individual house

13 : Commercial

14 : Restaurant

15 : Industrial

16 : Hospital

Display® classification for the indoor temperature

kWh/(m².yr)

Indoor Air quality (ppm)All Building types

A

X ≤ 750

B

750 < X ≤ 900

C

900 < X ≤ 1200

D

1200 < X ≤ 1500

E

1500 < X ≤ 1800

F

1800 < X ≤ 2100

G

X > 2100

Conversion Factors and their Sources

General conversion factors

Energy or energy source

Type of conversion

Conversion factor

Unit

MWh to kWh

1000

kWh/MWh

kWh to MWh

0,001

MWh/kWh

wood (1)

kg to kWh

5,5

kWh/kg

anthracite

kg to kWh

8,6

kWh/kg

brown coal

kg to kWh

5,4

kWh/kg

fuel oil (light)

l to kWh

10,0

kWh/l

natural gas

m3 to kWh

10,1

kWh/m3

natural gas

UHV to LHV

0,9

Biogas

m3 to kWh

6,0

kWh/m3

liquefied gas

m3 to kWh

26,0

kWh/m3

liquefied gas

kg to kWh

12,9

kWh/kg

liquefied gas

UHV to LHV

0,9

(1) Source: Société suisse des ingénieurs et des architectes (SIA)

Conversion factors for final energy use

Conversion factors for final energy use following to the methodology of Display® and GEAK

Energy or energy source (1)

Conversion factor final energy to primary energy [kWh/kWh]

Type of conversion factor

Conversion factor final energy to CO2 equivalents[kg/kWh]

Display/SIA 2031 (2009)

GEAK

Display

Display/SIA 2031 (2009)

GEAK

Natural gas

1,15

1

KEVtotal

0,2400

0.24

Liquefied gas

1,15

kA

KEVtotal

0,2400

kA

Fuel oil (light)

1,24

1

KEVtotal

0,3000

0.3

Hard coal briquette

1,19

1

KEVtotal

0,3900

0.43

Lignite briquette

1,66

1

KEVtotal

0,4300

1.43

Wood (logs)

1,06

0.7

KEVtotal

0,0100

0.01

Wood (chips)

1,14

0.7

KEVtotal

0,0100

0.01

Wood (pellets)

1,22

0.7

KEVtotal

0,0400

0.01

Solar thermal collector

1,17

ka

KEVtotal

0,0479

ka

PV - monocrystalline

1.66

0

KEVtotal

0.0900

0

Green Electricity (Mix Water - Wind 75/25)

1.25

-

KEVtotal

0.0153

-

Electricity

2.97(CH)

2

KEVtotal

0.155(CH)

0.15

Conversion factors for generation of electricity (average national electricity production)