Prices have been falling since they topped out in 2006, and are down 33.8% from their peak, according to the S&P/Case-Shiller national home price index.

"The housing market ended 2011 on a very disappointing note," said David Blitzer, spokesman for S&P. "While we thought we saw some signs of stabilization in the middle of 2011, it appears that neither the economy nor consumer confidence was strong enough to move the market in a positive direction as the year ended."

After prices fell sharply in 2007 and 2008, declines over the past three years have been more modest. Many analysts thought markets were bottoming out and would soon stabilize, and even pick up. The last quarter of 2011, when national index prices fell a steep 3.8% from the third quarter, may have dashed those hopes.

"While we thought we saw some signs of stabilization in the middle of 2011, it appears that neither the economy nor consumer confidence was strong enough to move the market in a positive direction as the year ended," said Blitzer.

Robert Shiller, the Yale economist and co-creator of the Case-Shiller indexes, is more optimistic. Last year, he thought home prices were in danger of falling by up to another 25% before they bottomed out.

On Tuesday, he cited several economic reports as signs that housing could start stabilizing. He also focused on surveys that indicated that Americans are very confident of the long-term prospects for housing as an investment.

During the boom, about 90% of the people he surveyed thought it was a good time to buy. Recently, 92% of people agreed with that statement. Still, Shiller is far from bullish on the housing market.

"We may be on the verge of recovery but we may not," he said.

The S&P/Case-Shiller 20- and 10-city indexes recorded similar sharp declines during the quarter. Among individual cities, Atlanta recorded a 12.8% year-over-year fall, the worst of any city.

Other big losers were Las Vegas, down 8.8%, Chicago which fell 6.5% and Seattle, which declined 5.6%. Detroit, where prices crept up 0.5% for the year, was the only city in the 20-city index to register a gain.

In the past five months prices have declined at an annualized rate of more than 6%, according to Dean Baker, director with the Center for Economic and Policy Research, a trend he said is especially troubling. He cites some reasons for hope, however.

"Case-Shiller is a lagging indicator and most of the contracts reflected in this report were signed in August and September," he said. "The latest economic data shows a much brighter picture."