Adaptation of the Training and Visit Extension System to Changing Socio-Cultural and Agro-Ecological Conditions.

Blum, Abraham; Isaak, Michel

Journal of Extension Systems, v6 n1 p45-66 1990

A study examined adaptations made prior to or during the adoption of the Training and Visit (T&V) extension system. This system was developed in Turkey, based on the Israeli experience of the developer, and was further refined in India. It was later adopted by many countries in Southeast Asia, Africa, and other parts of the world. Experience showed the necessity to adapt the system to the very different sociocultural and agroeconomic conditions of the adopting countries. Examination of the revisions of the T&V guidelines showed that T&V had clear basic principles, but these had to be adapted to each existing situation. Most adaptations were made in relation to five basic T&V guidelines and key features: (1) extension exclusively (professionalism); (2) linkages with research; (3) regular and continuous training; (4) time-bound work (systematic visits); and (5) imitable contact farmers (field and farmer orientation). The case studies showed that adaptations were not only possible, they were necessary. Development of an adaptation instrument was suggested to help less experienced, potential T&V adaptors to make the needed alterations. (Contains 61 references.) (YLB)