Abstract

EVALUTION OF MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE AND ?-LACTAMASE PRODUCTION IN THROAT INFECTED BY GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA

Sevan H. Bakir* and Fattma A. Ali

ABSTRACT

Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis are an infection of the throat region poses one of the most common problems in the upper respiratory tract infection and are one of the main reasons leading the persons to seek advice from a physician. This study was carried out during the period (December, 2012 to August, 2013). A total of two hundred of throat sawbs were collected from patients with tonsillitis and pharyngitis infection at the age ranged between (1-70) years, who were attending the clinic outpatient unit in Rizgary and Raparin teaching hospitals in Erbil city. Throat swabs were collected and examined for microscopically using Gram stain examination and culture technique. Isolated microorganisms were identified using microscopical, morphological, biochemical tests and Vitek2 compact system. The results showed that 134(67%) of throat swabs were culture positive the total number of isolated microorganism isolates obtained from patients were (185) isolates. These isolates were distributed between Gram-positive bacteria 143(77.3%), Gram-negative bacteria 34(18.4%) and fungi 8(4.3%). Single isolates found in 84(62.7%) and mixed isolates in 50(37.3%). The most frequent isolated microorganisms from tonsillitis/pharyngitis patients were Staphylococcus aureus 54(30.5%), Streptococcus pyogenes 16(9%), Streptococcus parasanginis 12(6.8%). According to antibiotic sensitivity test most of the Gram-positive bacterial isolates showed high resistance to Penicillin 137(95.8%) and Ampicillin 136(95.1%) and the most effective antibiotics and less resistance were Ciprofloxacin 6(4.2%) and Imipenem 33(23.1%). All (143) Gram-positive bacterial isolates were screened for their ability to produce β-lactamase enzyme using Nitrocefin test, of them 116(81.1%) were found to be β-lactamase positive.