Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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In 1950, the year O.P.E.C. (Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries) was formed, the world oil industry was dominated by a group of seven oligopolistic major international oil companies, who were collective...

3 of 17 3 of 17 Notes: After declining in 1999 due to a series of announced production cuts, OPEC 10 (OPECcountries excluding Iraq) production has been increasing during 2000. EIA's projected OPEC production levels for fourth quarter 2000 have been lowered by 300,000 barrels per day from the previous Outlook. Most of this decrease is in OPEC 10 production, which is estimated to be 26.5 million barrels per day. EIA still believes that only Saudi Arabia, and to a lesser degree, the United Arab Emirates, will have significant short-term capacity to expand production. EIA's forecast assumes that OPEC 10 crude oil production will decline by 400,000 barrels per day to 26.1 million barrels per day by mid-2001. Iraqi crude oil production is estimated to have increased from 2.3 million

This paper reports that low crude oil prices and economic tough times in industrial countries cause a lean 1991 for members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. OPEC's 1991 annual report the member countries reported an overall loss of $12 billion in 1991 on oil revenues that fell 16.2%. Iraq and Kuwait were not included because of their unusual circumstances in the wake of the Persian Gulf war. Reduced oil revenues reflected a slide to $18.66/bbl in 1991 from $22.26/bbl in 1990 for the average price of OPEC basket crudes. As of last June 5 OPEC's basket crude price has averaged only $17.42/bbl this year, OPEC News Agency (Opecna) reported. First quarter 1992 prices averaged $16.77/bbl, compared wit $19.31/bbl in fourth quarter 1991. The average price jumped 52 cent/bbl the first week in June this year to $19.93/bbl, bouyed by Saudi Arabia's move at the end of May to shift its policy from price moderation to one in favor of higher prices, Opecna the. OPEC members increased production 1% in 1991 to an average 23.28 million b/d in spite of negligible production from Iraq and Kuwait and reduced production from Qatar.

This dissertation examines the impact of the increase in oil prices in 1973 and thereafter on economic development in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in general, and in Iraq and Algeria in particular. It attempts to investigate the extent to which these countries have succeeded in utilizing oil revenues to achieve their projected goals: diversification of their economies in order to reduce dependence on exporting crude oil which is an exhaustible resource; and acceleration of the rate of growth of the non-oil sector in order to increase its contribution to GDP and foreign-exchange earnings as well as to maintain the growth of the economy in the post-oil age. While the increase in oil revenues greatly reduced the capital constraint to growth, it did not remove all other constraints at the same time. Thus, bottlenecks in transportation, institutions, skilled labor, raw and construction materials remained important obstacles. According to the criteria used by this study to judge the performance of the Iraqi and the Algerian economies after 1973, both countries did quite well. However, one of the findings about Iraq is that while the rate of growth of real per capita GDP accelerated after 1973, the rate of growth of real per capita non-oil GDP did not. Algeria succeeded in diversifying her economy, since the rate of growth of non-oil GDP accelerated after 1973, compared to the earlier period.

Following lengthy and intensive negotiations, OPEC recently reached agreement on new prices and production quotas. Although the agreement has been met by general skepticism, Bankers Trust believes that the chances of defending the new marker price are reasonably good. Saudi willingness to reduce oil production and earnings to shield less financially secure OPEC members from the full impact of production cuts provides added and much-needed strength to the organization. If indeed the OPEC agreement proves successful, product prices in the important US market may have already bottomed out.

This paper summarizes the trends and developments in the OPEC cartel since the Arab oil boycott. It discusses the economic developments among OPECcountries and the impacts on the US economy caused price increases. It discusses the adjustments the US and other world markets are making to cut the amounts of oil consumption. The paper also goes on to discuss the effects of a possible Persian Gulf cut-off of oil to the US and US allies. The effects of falling oil prices on Arab oil producers as compared to benefits are compared.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of crude oil prices of OPEC and non-OPECcountries using ... cointegration. To capture the long-run asymmetric price transmission mechanism, we develop an erro...

4 4 Notes: With a background of some weakening demand from weakening economies (being pushed lower by high crude oil prices), OPEC has shown not only a a reluctance to increase production any time soon, but has actually decreased production. OPEC has attempted to reduce production by 3.5 million barrels per day so far this year. The last of these cuts is not to occur until September, which will affect consuming countries the most over the upcoming winter. Tightness in both European (Brent price) and Asian (Dubai price) markets are reflected in the recent strength seen in the marker crude oil for these regions. But with the effect of the 2nd OPEC production cuts just taking effect and the effect of the 3rd production cut yet to come, U.S. crude oil stocks are

Obtaining capital is a critical element in the production expansion plans of OPEC member countries. Another issue that may impact the plans is the environmental taxes that may reduce the call on OPEC oil by 5 million b/d in 2000 and about 16 million b/d in the year 2010. This concluding part of a two-part series discusses the expansion possibilities of non-Middle East OPEC members, OPEC's capital requirements, and environmental concerns. Non-Middle East OPEC includes Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Libya, Nigeria, and Venezuela.

An ongoing compilation of country energy profiles. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) maintains Country Analysis Briefs (CABs) for specific countries that are important to world energy markets, including members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), major non-OPEC oil producers, major energy transit countries, major energy consumers, and other areas of current interest to energy analysts and policy makers.

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This article points out that development work in Saudi Arabia reflects the realities of the oil industry in the second half of the 1980s. Gone are the multibillion investments in refineries, basic petrochemicals, associated gas gathering systems, and other production facilities. This article reviews alternatives that have sprung up in their place: an extensive program to mothball surplus offshore and onshore production facilities; new non-associated gas production facilities to offset the shortfall in associated gas supplies from declining crude oil production; additional investment in trunk pipelines to reduce national dependence on export terminals in the trouble-plagued Persian Gulf. Production last year averaged 4.689 million b/d. Output during the first half of this year fell to under 4 million b/d under new quotas established by the Organisation of Petroleeum Exporting Countries (OPEC). For the rest of 1987, production is not expected to exceed 4.2 million b/d.

As OPEC Ministers Meet, Secretary Chu Stresses the Importance of As OPEC Ministers Meet, Secretary Chu Stresses the Importance of Energy Independence As OPEC Ministers Meet, Secretary Chu Stresses the Importance of Energy Independence March 15, 2009 - 12:00am Addthis Washington, DC - As OPEC ministers held a meeting in Vienna Sunday, U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu again stressed the need for energy independence and called for global cooperation on energy, economic and climate challenges. "While OPEC's actions are just one factor among many that go into the market price of oil, I'm pleased that there won't be further production cuts -- which could help to avoid oil price volatility," Secretary Chu said. "However, I continue to believe that we should stay focused on what our country can do to become energy independent -- ending our dependence on

The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has proceeded along the path toward development while in a dependent relationship with the Arabian American Oil Company, Aramco. Development in a given country is defined as the process by which the living standards of the people who live in that country are raised. That process includes the development of physical and human infrastructure, economic growth, distribution of resources, and the maturation of society (including its ability to weather crisis, whether it be social or economic). Though it is by no means exhaustive on the subject of development in Saudi Arabia, this study focuses on Aramco's involvement in the socio-economic elements of development in Saudi Arabia, as these are the direct impacts of development upon which the Saudi five-year development plans focus. Employing the theoretical framework of dependent development as adapted by Timothy Luke to the OPECcountries' development experience in the international energy regime, this study serves in part as an in-depth case study of Luke's thesis.

08 08 1 February 2008 Short-Term Energy Outlook Supplement: Outlook for Non-OPEC Oil Supply Growth in 2008- 2009 1 Most oil market analysts, including EIA, have pointed to the slow growth in oil supply from countries that are not members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in recent years as a key cause of the current high oil price environment. The widening gap between growth in world oil consumption and non- OPEC oil supply has led to greater reliance upon production by OPEC and a drawdown in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) commercial inventories. These conditions have contributed to upward pressure on world oil prices in recent years (see Why Are Oil Prices So High?, supplement to the November 2007 Short-

This paper reports on Saudi Arabia which has earmarked about $450 million to clean up Persian Gulf beaches polluted by history's worst oil spills, created during the Persian Gulf crisis. Details of the proposed cleanup measures were outlined by Saudi environmental officials at a seminar on the environment in Dubai, OPEC News Agency reported. The seminar was sponsored by the Gulf Area Oil Companies Mutual Aid Organization, an environmental cooperative agency set up by Persian Gulf governments. Meantime, a Saudi government report has outlined early efforts designed to contain the massive oil spills that hit the Saudi coast before oil could contaminate water intakes at the huge desalination plants serving Riyadh and cooling water facilities at Al Jubail.

After 1973, oil consumption stagnated worldwide. Non-OPEC output increased, mostly in Alaska, Mexico, and the North Sea, but not because of the price rise. The cartel nations had to assume the whole burden of cutting back ...

EIA assumes in its base case that OPEC 10 production averages about EIA assumes in its base case that OPEC 10 production averages about 0.6 million barrels per day less in the 1st quarter of 2001 than was produced in the 4th quarter of 2000. This is based on the assumption that beginning in February 2001, OPEC 10 production is 1 million barrels per day less than the estimate for December 2000. Over the course of the past year, worldwide oil production has increased by about 3.7 million barrels per day to a level of 77.8 million barrels per day in the last months of 2000. After being nearly completely curtailed in December 2000, EIA's base case assumes that Iraqi oil exports only partially return in January. By February, EIA assumes Iraqi crude oil production reaches 3 million barrels per day, roughly the peak levels reached last year.

OPEC agrees to lower oil prices, production ... The attempt to stabilize prices and salvage some of OPEC's eroding control of the world oil market forced the cartel to make the first price cut in its history. ... U.S. government officials, predicting that the price ultimately would fall to between $25 and $27 per barrel from the new benchmark level of $29, said the new price would increase domestic production of goods and services 0.4% and cut consumer prices in the U.S. nearly 1.0%. ...

6 of 26 6 of 26 Notes: When keeping an eye on petroleum prices, we watch inventories closely. Recall that inventories measure the balance between supply and demand, and thus signal pressure on stocks. For crude oil, world petroleum inventories are low, and Iraq is probably the largest wild card that could impact prices in the short term. While OPEC will continue to adjust production to support the price of crude oil, the world economy may work against the organization. A slower economy means lower demand, and more OPEC production cutbacks to support prices. We are almost through this winter, so for distillate and propane, we will be watching how low stocks are at the end of the winter, which will indicate how much extra build is needed to start next winter in good shape.

9 9 Notes: EIA assumes in its base case that OPEC 10 production averages about 0.6 million barrels per day less in the 1st quarter of 2001 than was produced in the 4th quarter of 2000. This is based on the assumption that beginning in February 2001, OPEC 10 production is 1 million barrels per day less than the estimate for December 2000. From the fourth quarter of 1999 to the 4th quarter of 2000, worldwide oil production increased by about 3.7 million barrels per day to a level of 77.8 million barrels per day. After being sharply curtailed in December 2000, EIA's base case assumes that Iraqi oil exports only partially return in January. By February, EIA assumes Iraqi crude oil production reaches 3 million barrels per day, roughly the peak levels reached last year.

6 6 Notes: EIA assumes in its base case that OPEC 10 production averages about 0.6 million barrels per day less in the 1st quarter of 2001 than was produced in the 4th quarter of 2000. This is based on the assumption that beginning in February 2001, OPEC 10 production is 1 million barrels per day less than the estimate for December 2000. From the fourth quarter of 1999 to the 4th quarter of 2000, worldwide oil production increased by about 3.8 million barrels per day to a level of 77.9 million barrels per day. After being sharply curtailed in December and January, EIA's base case assumes that Iraqi oil exports return closer to more normal levels in February. By the second half of 2001, EIA assumes Iraqi crude oil production reaches 3 million barrels per day, roughly the peak levels

The purpose of this research paper is to focus on Saudi National Security. The author highlights geographic and historic factors that impact on threats to Saudi Arabia, and the objectives for providing security. He discusses how to achieve these objectives, including military readiness and cooperation with other countries to guarantee Saudi security. This is to ensure interests which are vital to the industrial world as the result of a continued flow of oil with a reasonable price. Given is the author`s opinion about U.S. political strategy in the region to achieve stability in the Gulf Region.

This paper reports on a relatively strong oil market emerging from the Persian Gulf war according to an Opec spokesperson. Opec is expected to remain a viable force, perhaps more cohesive than before, no matter what happens to Kuwait and Iraq.

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This paper reports that oil markets are at their lowest level in 18 months, since before the Persian Gulf crisis. What is remarkable is that the world oil industry is producing essentially at capacity, yet OPEC shows no sign of taking advantage of this situation to drive up prices. Rather, commodity market forces are quickly exploiting any short-term surplus or shortage, and the oil market is exposed to continuing price volatility. Oil market uncertainties - the return of Iraqi and Kuwaiti production, prospects for exports from former Soviet republics, and the fragility of economic recovery - appear bigger than normal and threaten to oversupply markets in the spring when oil demand declines seasonally. The downward trend in world oil prices that began in November may continue into the second quarter of 1992. However, by the second half an economic recovery may be underway. If that happens, demand should grow and the market firm. At any rate, prices in 1992 may be more stable than commonly expected, because Saudi Arabia does not seem to want prices much above or below 1991 levels. That would be a range of $20 - $21 for WTI.

On Aug. 2, 1990, Iraqi forces invaded Kuwait and triggered one of the most severe crises in the world's oil supplies since World War II. Within a few days of the invasion, Iraqi and Kuwaiti oil exports were embargoed, and almost 4.6 million b/d oil of production was removed from world markets. This shortfall amounted to about 20% of total Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries production at the time and could have proven disastrous to the world's industrial and financial well-being. However, there was no disruption to the major economies of the world. This paper reports that the primary reason for the cushioning of this impact was the massive expansion in production undertaken by Saudi Arabian Oil Co. (Saudi Aramco).

Bodman on OPEC's Decision to Cut Bodman on OPEC's Decision to Cut Crude Oil Production Statement from Energy Secretary Bodman on OPEC's Decision to Cut Crude Oil Production October 19, 2006 - 9:17am Addthis "We continue to believe that it is best for oil producers and consumers alike to allow free markets to determine issues of supply, demand and price. Despite the recent downturn in crude oil prices, they remain at historically high levels, clearly indicating a global demand for petroleum products. And as past experience has shown, market intervention is not beneficial for producing or consuming nations. "While U.S. gasoline prices have fallen, crude inventories are high and our economy remains strong, we must reduce America's dependence on foreign energy sources, as President Bush has said time and again. To do so, we

Power system interconnection is a well established practice for a variety of technical and economical reasons. Several interconnected networks exist worldwide for a number of factors. Some of these networks cross international boundaries. This presentation discusses the future developments of the power systems of Mashreq Arab Countries (MAC). MAC consists of Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Yemen. Mac power systems are operated by government or semigovernment bodies. Many of these countries have national or regional electric grids but are generally isolated from each other. With the exception of Saudi Arabia power systems, which employ 60 Hz, all other MAC utilities use 50 Hz frequency. Each country is served by one utility, except Saudi Arabia, which is served by four major utilities and some smaller utilities serving remote towns and small load centers. The major utilities are the Saudi Consolidated electric Company in the Eastern Province (SCECO East), SCECO Center, SCECO West, and SCECO South. These are the ones considered in this study. The energy resources in MAC are varied. Countries such as Egypt, Iraq, and Syria have significant hydro resources.The gulf countries and Iraq have abundant fossil fuel, The variation in energy resources as well as the characteristics of the electric load make it essential to look into interconnections beyond the national boundaries. Most of the existing or planned interconnections involve few power systems. A study involving 12 countries and over 20 utilities with different characteristics represents a very large scale undertaking.

Electricity Company Electricity Company Jump to: navigation, search Name Saudi Electricity Company Place Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Zip 11416 Sector Solar Product Riyahd-based utility, 80% state-owned and 20% listed, that generates 37GW of electricity from 45 oil and gas-fuelled power plants. Has signalled interest in investing in solar energy, including a 20-30MW plant. References Saudi Electricity Company[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Saudi Electricity Company is a company located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia . References â†‘ "Saudi Electricity Company" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Saudi_Electricity_Company&oldid=350639"

Instability in the Persian Gulf, which supplies eight percent of US energy consumed (32 percent to Western Europe and 53 percent to Japan), is seen as the key to US economic, political, and military survival. Saudi Arabia's potential for large-scale and sustained production increases and its willingness to have a moderating voice in oil-price negotiations have made it crucial to US interests and receptive to policies which have injected Saudi Arabia into international finance. The opportunities for oil supply to be disrupted by domestic instabilities within individual Persian Gulf countries, within the Persian Gulf region as a whole, or from external interference from the Soviet Union are examined. The opportunity for an effective US military defense of the area is not encouraging for a number of strategic and diplomatic reasons. (DCK)

Abstract The Saudi construction industry is led by housing sector that imposes enormous energy and environmental challenges for the country. The housing sector is growing rapidly and is responsible for 52% of the total national electricity consumption. In order to promote sustainable development it is vital for Saudi Arabia to adopt sustainable housing practices such as zero-energy homes (ZEHs). The concept is new to Saudi Arabia though a number of \\{ZEHs\\} have already been developed around the world. One of the most significant challenges facing the application of \\{ZEHs\\} in Saudi Arabia is uncertainty about their adaptability in local climate. The present work aims to investigate this uncertainty, mainly focusing on the four climatic factors related to the application of \\{ZEHs\\} including air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and global solar radiation. This is fulfilled by reviewing climatic condition of Saudi Arabia and the concept of \\{ZEHs\\} and examining some of these homes built across the globe in climates similar to the Saudi climatic zones. In this respect, five \\{ZEHs\\} globally developed in climates matching with the five main Saudi climatic zones have been investigated as case studies. A typical-virtual home has been designed on the basis of a questionnaire survey. With the help of the Integrated Environmental Solution ?Virtual Environment? software a modelling exercise has been carried out to compare its energy performance at the five selected international locations with their corresponding Saudi locations. This comparison is based upon the maximum and mean power demand. Furthermore, to cater for the differences in climatic conditions between the Saudi locations and their counterpart global locations, a sensitivity analysis for the studied locations has been undertaken for the four climate factors.

Solving the Energy and Solving the Energy and Climate Challenge Together Secretary Steven Chu International Energy Forum Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 22 February 2010 King Faisal Prize Winners, 1993 The United States of America and Saudi Arabia have a long and deep relationship We are adding a new dimension to our Saudi King Abdul Aziz Al Saud and President Franklin Delano Roosevelt on the USS Quincy 65 years ago dimension to our relationship - as we move to meet shared energy and climate challenges (1) The global economy needs energy resources. (2) Our long-term economic prosperity is tied to the sustainable use of energy. (3) There are risks of adverse climate change for The Energy and Climate Challenge (3) There are risks of adverse climate change for both our countries. (4) We don't have the luxury of focusing only on

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Saudi Aramco Gas Operations (GO) created energy efficiency strategies for its 5-year business plan (2011-2015), supported by a unique energy efficiency program, to reduce GO energy intensity by 26% by 2015. The program generated an energy savings...

... two experimental FRG-Saudi solar devices, each consisting of a parabolic collector focussing on a Stirling engine that drives a 50 kilowatt generator. The cutback in oil revenues inevitably poses some ...

Saudi Arabia to Discuss Global Energy Saudi Arabia to Discuss Global Energy Investments Secretary Bodman Travels to Saudi Arabia to Discuss Global Energy Investments January 19, 2007 - 10:38am Addthis Furthers Strategic Energy Dialogue between the Nations and Highlights U.S. - Saudi Scientific Innovation RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA - U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman today continued his six-nation visit to the Middle East and Europe with a two-day stop in Saudi Arabia where he met with Saudi Arabia's Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Ali Ibrahim Al-Naimi to discuss joint energy cooperation. Secretary Bodman also toured the King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and will tour the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology during his visit. "The United States and Saudi Arabia enjoy a relationship of global

Abstract Since its formation, OPEC through its conference decisions has been a major player in the world oil markets. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of OPEC's different news announcements on the conditional expectations and volatility of crude oil markets in the presence of long memory and structural changes. To do so, we first discern OPEC's oil production behavior in response to its “cut”, “maintain”, and “increase” decisions. Then by applying the ARMA–GARCH class models to the two global benchmarks WTI and Brent over the period May 1987 through December 2012, we find strong evidence of long memory. The empirical evidence also shows that OPEC's announcements especially the “cut” and the “maintain” decisions have a significant effect on both returns and volatility of the crude oil markets, particularly that of the WTI. Moreover, we explore the possibility of structural breaks in the crude oil prices and detect five (six) breakpoints for the WTI (Brent) oil markets. The presence of structural breaks reduces the persistence of volatility. Accounting for OPEC's scheduled news announcements in the presence of structural changes reduces the degree of volatility persistence and enhances the understanding of this volatility in the oil markets. These results have several implications for policy makers, oil traders and other participants in the crude oil markets.

Renewable energy is accepted as a key source for the future, not only for Saudi Arabia, but also for the world. Saudi Arabia has abundant potential for exploiting solar energy, which is renewable, clean, and freely available. The average annual solar radiation falling on the Arabian Peninsula is about 2200 kWh/m2. Applications of solar energy in Saudi Arabia have been growing since 1960. Solar hydrogen production plant situated at the Solar Village, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, could have been considered as the world's first 350 kW solar-powered hydrogen-generation plant at the time of its inception. The development of solar energy, however, has been relatively low due to several obstacles although utilization of solar energy in its various aspects is very attractive for the country. The main objectives of this study are to address current applications and future aspects of solar energy along with studies conducted in this field and to assess them in the light of available sustainable energy technologies towards establishing energy policies. The solar energy-related topics reviewed include various types of solar radiation correlations, exergetic solar radiation, solar collectors, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, solar stills, solar-powered irrigation, solar energy-related greenhouses, solar hydrogen, solar water desalination and solar energy education. Some barriers, scenarios and constraints are also covered. The utilization of solar energy could cover a significant part of the energy demand in the country. If a major breakthrough is achieved in the field of solar-energy conversion, Saudi Arabia can be a leading producer and exporter of solar energy in the form of electricity. The geographical location of the country, its widespread unused desert land, and year-round clear skies, all make it an excellent candidate for this.

This paper reports that foreign oil companies with concessions in northern Yemen have been drawn into a border dispute between Yemen and Saudi Arabia. At least six companies received letters from the Saudi government warning them that steps, as yet undefined, will be taken if exploration extends into disputed areas. A second territorial dispute also appears to be brewing in the region. Iran has ejected United Arab Emirates nationals from the island of Abu Musa in the Persian Gulf, which is jointly administered by Iran and Sharjah, one of the emirates. The U.A.E. government has reported the situation to the Gulf Cooperation Council, triggering a denial from Iran that anyone has been deported from the island.

Energy Secretary Chu's Meetings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Energy Secretary Chu's Meetings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Readout of Energy Secretary Chu's Meetings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia February 22, 2010 - 12:00am Addthis Secretary Chu was in Riyadh today on his first stop of a four-day Middle East trip. He met with King Abdullah, Minister of Petroleum & Mineral Resources Ali Al Naimi and other senior officials. Secretary Chu reaffirmed the United States' commitment to a strong bilateral relationship with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and discussed energy security, alternative energy technologies, climate change, and science and technology issues. The Secretary began the day with a bilateral meeting with Minister Al Naimi. Topics on the agenda included global energy markets, Saudi Aramco's technology strategy and carbon capture and storage. The

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran - Saudi Arabia Faculty Promotion Regulations of the individual's academic accomplishments and achivements. King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM considered in promotion. The university shall use the promotion process to encourage academic excellence

The objective of this report is to explore the application of the support concept in the Saudi Arabian context, as a result of the author's interest in the concept of user participation. To do so, the following steps were ...

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Gamification to Improve Adherence to Diabeteic Treatment in Saudi Arabia Alaa Abdullah Al, proposes the first Arabic system for managing diabetes using gamification. Keywords-component; Diabetes; Gamification; Self-Care; e- Healthcare I. INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common illnesses

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia U.S. Energy Secretary Visits Saudi Arabia November 17, 2005 - 2:48pm Addthis Meeting with Minister Al-Naimi, tour of Shaybah oil field, and kick-off of International Energy Forum highlight four-day visit DHAHRAN, SAUDI ARABIA - U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman is continuing his four-day visit to the Middle East in Saudi Arabia today, meeting with Saudi Arabia's Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources Ali bin Ibrahim Al-Naimi, touring the Aramco headquarters and visiting Aramco's Shaybah oil field. "Consumers of energy and producers of energy are becoming ever-more intertwined, and a strong, vibrant relationship will help us work together for years to come," Secretary Bodman said. "It's important that we understand each other and recognize each other's needs for both the short

There are five chapters in this publication. Chapter I on refining industry in transition covers refining history highlights, and OPEC's downstream operations. Chapter II on demand for oil and oil products discusses supply and demand for OPEC oil, demand for oil products, historical growth trends, future growth trends and the case of East Asia - emergence of a fuel oil glut. Chapter III on the US and other traditional refining centers begins with an introduction on the structure of refining and continues on to cover the refining industry in OECD countries, USA, Western Europe, Japan, Singapore and Caribbean and closes with some conclusions. Chapter IV is on refining expansions in OPEC and the third World Nations. The following are covered: (1) nations of the Gulf (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, United Arab Emirates); (2) OPEC members beyond the Gulf (Indonesia, Africa, Libya, Algeria, Nigeria and Gabon, South America, Venezuela); (3) other major exporters (China, Egypt, Malaysia, Mexico); (4) non-OPEC developing countries - trends in the refining sector. The chapter ends with a short summary on capacity prospects and comparative economics. The final chapter has conclusions and recommendations on: price interactions between crude and products; product exports - impact on OPEC's internal; prices and market influence; importers and exporters - decisions; and course of action of the United States. 18 figures, 40 tables.

Study of the enclosed (sheltered) and open (unsheltered) spaces in two tradiational and three-contemporary settlements in Saudi Arabia - comparative analysis of micro climatic conditions - solar exposure - analysis of the differences in the design approaches of the old and new ''modern'' developments - recommendations for the appropriate approach to the design of enclosed and open spaces in the arid regions of Saudi Arabia.

There are a multitude of organizations providing country risk services using their proprietary benchmarking. The central ... in a quantifiable manner, individual country sovereign risk and the implication of such...

Degree-day data are fundamental for simplified energy calculations. For Saudi Arabia the data necessary for simplified energy analysis are lacking, and the need of designers, engineers, and researchers in the building sector for such data as heating and cooling degree-days is growing. Weather data are available for many Saudi cities but not in a format usable by building designers and engineers. This paper presents variable-base heating and cooling degree-days is growing. Weather data are available for many Saudi cities but not in a format usable by building designers and engineers. This paper presents variable-base heating and cooling degree-day data for 24 Saudi locations based on long-term monthly average temperatures. These data will be of great help in performing simplified energy calculations for Saudi buildings.

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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is blessed with abundant solar energy which is renewable, clean and available freely. It is harnessed through known processes and technologies, but progress towards its commercialization is very slow for several reasons, such as higher cost and low efficiency. This paper reviews our R&D efforts, and concludes that future utilization of solar energy in the Kingdom of Saudia Arabia is dependent on current R&D activities in the field, combined with a proper educational campaign for its effective commercialization.

A passive solar test facility has been designed for Dammam, Saudi Arabia. It will be located on the campus of King Faisal University, adjacent to the Persian Gulf. This maritime desert climate is terribly sevre, and one for which it is a formidable challenge to design a year around thermally efficient building. This facility incorporates seven different passive strategies: proper orientation, operable shading for windows, flow-through ventilation, externally insulated thermal mass, wind tower with direct evaporative cooling, indirect evaporative cooling through a double shell, and solar water heating. Construction should begin in June of 1983. Upon completion, the building will be monitored for at least two years.

The world's largest photovoltaic power system was carried into the operation phase a few months ago. This system was developed and fabricated in the United States and it is providing electrical energy to three remote villages in Saudi Arabia. The facility includes a 350 kW photovoltaic array, 1-MW diesel powered generator, 1100 kWH lead acid batteries, a 300 KVA inverter and a solar weather data monitoring station. The photovoltaic power system is capable of completely automatic operation. It is designed to operate in stand-alone and cogeneration modes of operation.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is facing a crisis in the near future centered on increasing energy consumption. Today, the kingdom consumes approximately 1/3 of its oil production. If no action is taken and the kingdom continues ...

ArRiyadh Development Authority (ADA) is an unusual city development authority within the Saudi Arabian government hierarchy. Part of its responsibilities is coordinating and overseeing the design and building of buildings ...

Can urban intervention affect social behaviors within a city? And if so, what happens when that city is partial to cultural restrictions? The target in question here is the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The dilemma is that ...

This study examined the affective factors that intervene in learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL), either for Specific Purposes (ESP) or General Purposes (EGP), for Saudi university students, and how these affective ...

The bionomics of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) were studied for two successive years (January 1996-December 1997) at 12 collecting stations representing six sectors of the province of Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. The predominant species...

For investors, domestic and international, the assessment of political risk is very important to decide whether to ... not in a particular market or country. Political risk can simply be defined as the risk of lo...

Electrical energy consumption in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia is modeled as a function of weather data, global solar radiation, population, and gross domestic product per capita. Five years of data have been used to develop the energy consumption model. Variable selection in the regression model is carried out by using the general stepping-regression technique. Model adequacy is determined from a residual analysis technique. Model validation aims to determine if the model will function successfully in its intended operating field. In this regard, new energy consumption data for a sixth year are collected, and the results predicted by the regression model are compared with the new data set. Finally, the sensitivity of the model is examined. It is found that the model is strongly influenced by the ambient temperature.

About 80 million gallons of automotive lubricating oils are sold in Saudi Arabia. Much of this oil, after use, is actually contributing to the increased pollution of land because of indiscriminate dumping. Any scheme of secondary use of the waste lube oils would be of interest both for conservation of energy resources and for protection of environment. This paper discusses the secondary use for the used automotive lubricating oils. Process technology of Meinken, Mohawk and KTI were selected for the techno-economic feasibility study for re-refining used oil. Profitability analysis for each process is worked out and the results are compared. In many countries, the re-refining of used oils has become an important industry. The objective of recovering high quality raffinates is attained through the use of widely differing techniques. The processes concerned can be classified according to the chemical or physical method of used-oil pretreatment selected. Meinken process is based on chemical pretreatment, whereas both Mohawk and KTI processes employ physical methods involving distillation and eliminate the use of sulfuric acid, thus providing a facility for safer operation than Meinken. The plant capacity of two existing units in Jeddah are 10,000 TPA and 80,000 TPA re-refining of waste oil. We selected a plant of 50,000 TPA waste oil re-refining for economic study of these three processes. The authors wish to acknowledge the support from King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals and King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology for this work.

At its heart, Arab oil policy is inseparable from Arab economic and social policy. This holds whether we are talking about the Arab nations as a group or each separately. The seven Arab nations covered in this report-Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates--participate in several organizations focusing on regional cooperation regarding economic development, social programs, and Islamic unity, as well as organizations concerned with oil policies. This report focuses on the oil-related activities of the countries that may reveal the de facto oil policies of the seven Persian Gulf nations. Nevertheless it should be kept in mind that the decision makers participating in the oil policy organizations are also involved with the collaborative efforts of these other organizations. Oil policies of five of the seven Arab nations are expressed within the forums of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC). Only Oman, among the seven, is not a member of either OAPEC or OPEC; Bahrain is a member of OAPEC but not of OPEC. OPEC and OAPEC provide forums for compromise and cooperation among their members. Nevertheless, each member state maintains its own sovereignty and follows its own policies. Each country deviates from the group prescription from time to time, depending upon individual circumstances.

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Literature summarizing a study on the Saudi Arabian solar controlled environment agriculture system is presented. Specifications and performance requirements for the system components are revealed. Detailed performance and cost analyses are used to determine the optimum design. A preliminary design of an engineering field test is included. Some weather data are provided for Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (BCS)

The Final Report for Annex II - Assessment of Solar Radiation Resources in Saudi Arabia 1998-2000 summarizes the accomplishment of work performed, results achieved, and products produced under Annex II, a project established under the Agreement for Cooperation in the Field of Renewable Energy Research and Development between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States. The report covers work and accomplishments from January 1998 to December 2000. A previous progress report, Progress Report for Annex II - Assessment of Solar Radiation Resources in Saudi Arabia 1993-1997, NREL/TP-560-29374, summarizes earlier work and technical transfer of information under the project. The work was performed in at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado, at the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and at selected weather stations of the Saudi Meteorological and Environmental Protection Administration (MEPA).

...300 person days of work per year to gather...point after 1973, to 5 percent...factors of production, but there...Domestic Energy Production Even though...Increasing energy production at home has...drilled in non-OPEC de-veloping...about 10 to 25 per-cent of...

Abstract This paper introduces an accurate procedure to choose the best site from many sites and suitable wind turbines for these sites depending on the minimum price of kWh generated (Energy Cost Figure (ECF)) from wind energy system. In this paper a new proposed computer program has been introduced to perform all the calculations and optimization required to accurately design the wind energy system and matching between sites and wind turbines. Some of cost calculations of energy methods have been introduced and compared to choose the most suitable method. The data for five sites in Saudi Arabia and hundred wind turbines have been used to choose the best site and the optimum wind turbine for each site. These sites are Yanbo, Dhahran, Dhulom, Riyadh, and Qaisumah. One hundred wind turbines have been used to choose the best one for each site. This program is built in a generic form which allows it to be used with unlimited number of sites and wind turbines in all over the world. The program is written by using Visual Fortran and it is verified with simple calculation in Excel. The paper showed that the best site is Dhahran and the suitable wind turbine for this site is KMW-ERNO with 5.85 Cents/kWh. The worst site to install wind energy system is Riyadh with minimum price of kWh of 12.81 Cents/kWh in case of using GE Energy 2 wind turbine.

Abstract This paper implements recent bootstrap panel cointegration techniques and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) methods to investigate the existence of a long-run relationship between oil prices and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries stock markets. Since GCC countries are major world energy market players, their stock markets are likely to be susceptible to oil price shocks. Using two different (weekly and monthly) datasets covering, respectively, the periods from June 7, 2005 to October 21, 2008, and from January 1996 to December 2007, our investigation shows that there is evidence for cointegration of oil prices and stock markets in GCC countries, while the SUR results indicate that oil price increases have a positive impact on stock prices, except in Saudi Arabia.

Depleting oil and gas reserves, combined with growing concerns of global warming, have made it inevitable to seek energy from renewable energy sources such as wind. The utilization of energy from wind is becoming increasingly attractive and is being widely used/disseminated for substitution of oil-produced energy, and eventually to minimize atmospheric degradation. Quantitative assessment of wind resource is an important driving element in successful establishment of a wind farm/park at a given location. More often than not, windenergy resources are relatively better along coastlines. In the present study, hourly mean wind-speed data of the period 1986–1997 recorded at the solar radiation and meteorological station, Dhahran (26°32? N, 50°13? E, eastern coastal plain of Saudi Arabia), have been analyzed to present different characteristics of wind speed in considerable depth such as: yearly, monthly, diurnal variations of wind speed, etc. The long-term monthly average wind speeds for Dhahran range from 4.2–6.4 m/s. More importantly, the study deals with impact of hub height on wind energy generation. Attention has also been focussed on monthly average daily energy generation from different sizes of commercially available wind machines (150, 250, 600 kW) to identify optimum wind machine size from energy production point of view. It has been found that for a given 6 MW wind farm size, at 50 m hub height, cluster of 150 kW wind machines yields about 48% more energy as compared to 600 kW wind machines. Literature shows that commercial/residential buildings in Saudi Arabia consume an estimated 10–40% of the total electric energy generated. So, concurrently, as a case study, attempt has been made to investigate/examine the potential of utilizing hybrid (wind+diesel) energy conversion systems to meet the load requirements of hundred typical 2-bedroom residential buildings (with annual electrical energy demand of 3512 MWh). The hybrid systems considered in the present case-study consist of different combinations of wind machines (of various capacities), supplemented with battery storage and diesel back-up. The deficit energy generated from the back-up diesel generator and the number of operational hours of the diesel system to meet a specific annual electrical energy demand of 3512 \\{MWh\\} have also been presented. The diesel back-up system is operated at times when the power generated from wind energy conversion systems (WECS) fails to satisfy the load and when the battery storage is depleted. The evaluation of hybrid system shows that with seven 150 kW WECS and three days of battery storage, the diesel back-up system has to provide 17.5% of the load demand. However, in absence of battery storage, about 37% of the load needs to be provided by the diesel system.

Abstract In this paper, three methods are used for the prediction of wind speed, 12 h ahead, based on 72 h previous wind speed values at three locations viz. Rawdat Bin Habbas (inland north), Juaymah (east coast), and Dhulom (inland western region) in Saudi Arabia. These methods are Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Abductory Induction Mechanism (AIM), and the Persistence (PER) model. The available data at each site was divided into three consecutive groups. The first 50% was used for training, the second 25% for validation, and the remaining 25% for testing. The validation data set was used to select the network architecture and other user defined parameters. The testing data was used only to assess the performance of the networks on future unseen data that has not been used for training or model selection. For each of the three methods, each of 12 networks was trained to produce the wind speed at one of the next 12 h. Relatively, Close agreements were found between the predicted and measured hourly mean wind speed for all three locations with coefficient of correlation R2 values between 81.7% and 98.0% for PSO, between 79.8% and 98.5% for AIM and between 59.5% and 88.4% for persistence model. Both PSO and AIM methods underestimated WS values during most hours with an average value of 0.036 m/s and 0.02 m/s, respectively. However, persistence model overestimated the WS by an average value of 0.51 m/s. It is shown that the two developed models outperformed the persistence model on predicting wind speed 12 h ahead of time with slight advantage to the PSO method.

Climate change and depletion of natural resources are serious issues that have potential impact on the economic and social development of countries. In this perspective, the governments world-wide are mobilizing initiatives to exploit renewable energy sources to mitigate increasing demand of energy, volatile fuel prices, and environmental concerns. Renewable energy (wind/solar) based power system is a nature-friendly option for power production to foster sustainable development challenges. In the present study, the economic feasibility of development of 75 MW wind power plants (wind farms) in the coastal locations of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A.) has been studied/reviewed by analyzing long-term wind speed data. Attention has been focused on four coastal locations (Al-Wajh, Jeddah, Yanbu and Jizan) covering the west coast. In general, long-term data indicates that the yearly average wind speed of K.S.A. varies from 3.0 to 4.5 m/s at 10 m height. The wind farms simulated consist of different combinations of 600 kW commercial wind machines (50 m hub-height). NREL's (HOMER Energy's) HOMER software has been employed to perform the techno-economic assessment. The study presents monthly variations of wind speed, cumulative frequency distribution (CFD) profiles of wind speed, monthly and yearly amount of energy generated from the 75 MW wind farms (50 m hub-height) at different coastal locations of K.S.A., cost of generating energy (COE, $/kWh), capacity factor (%), etc. The CFD indicates that the wind speeds are less than 3 m/s for 45%, 53%, 41%, and 52% of the time during the year at Al-Wajh, Jeddah, Yanbu and Jizan respectively. This implies that wind electric conversion systems (WECS) will not produce energy for about 41–53% of the time during the year. The annual energy produced by 75 MW wind farms (50 m hub-height) has been found to be 107,196, 81,648, 135,822, and 80,896 MWh at Al-Wajh, Jeddah, Yanbu and Jizan respectively. The cost of wind-based electricity by using 600 kW (50 m hub-height) commercial WECS has been found to be 0.0536, 0.0704, 0.0423, and 0.0711 US$/kWh for Al-Wajh, Jeddah, Yanbu and Jizan respectively. Also, attempt has been made to determine the capacity factor (CF) of wind-based power plants, the CF has been found to vary from 12% to 21% for different locations of the Kingdom.

The degree of reliance of the US on Persian Gulf petroleum as well as problems facing Persian Gulf nations are addressed in this report. While US dependency on oil imports from Saudi Arabia is down, Japan and other western allies are very dependent on Saudi oil. The consequences of being deprived of Persian Gulf oil are described. The status and implications of the Iran-Iraq war are discussed in detail. The Arab countries in the region fear attacks on their oil fields by enemies and have developed a regional point defense strategy involving Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. OPEC's role in the area is described. The possibility of US intervention if needed to keep the Strait of Hormuz open and to protect the Gulf states from violence is also addressed. (DMC)

Non-OPEC Non-OPEC Oil production from countries outside the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) currently represents about 60 percent of world oil production. Key centers of non-OPEC production include North America, regions of the former Soviet Union, and the North Sea. EIA expects strong growth in non-OPEC production in 2014 and 2015. This chart shows that net increases in non-OPEC production were very small from 2005 to 2008. This lack of additional supplies from non-OPECcountries contributed to tighter markets in this period. In contrast to OPEC oil production, which is subject to central coordination, non-OPEC producers make independent decisions about oil production. Also, in contrast to OPEC, where oil production is mostly in the hands of national oil companies (NOCs), international or investor-owned

OPECOPEC Crude oil production by the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an important factor that affects oil prices. This organization seeks to actively manage oil production in its member countries by setting production targets. Historically, crude oil prices have seen increases in times when OPEC production targets are reduced. OPEC production often acts to balance the oil market. Cuts in OPEC production targets tend to lead to price increases. This chart shows changes in OPEC production targets compared to changes in oil prices. Reductions in OPEC production targets often lead to increases in oil prices. OPEC member countries produce about 40 percent of the world's crude oil. Equally important to global prices, OPEC's oil exports represent about 60

Concern over the health hazards caused by lead and cadmium in the environment has been emphasized by several investigators. Unlike other biological specimens (e.g. the blood and urine) which indicate recent exposure, trace metal content of hair correlates with body stores, especially of bones, and reflects for each individual, specific factors of genetical and environmental origins. In this paper the authors present results of a survey of lead and cadmium in human hair among four suburban university communities from four countries, two European (England West Germany), one Asian (Saudi Arabia) and one African (Sudan). Hair samples were analyzed for lead and cadmium in order to compare levels and distribution between populations of different ethnic background and geographical location. An attempt was made to study correlations, if any, between levels of lead or cadmium and smoking habits or sex.

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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0 0 Summary Based on the results of OPEC's June meeting and the July 3 announcement by Saudi Arabia of its intention to push for an additional 500,000 barrels per day of new output, we conclude that the probability of significant declines in world oil prices by yearend is larger than it was a month ago. We now expect a decline of between $4 and $5 per barrel in average crude oil prices between June and December 2000. Moreover, expected increases in petroleum inventories resulting from the anticipated increases in output from OPEC would tend to bring oil stock levels in industrialized countries much closer to average levels by yearend than was projected in last month's Outlook. However, with world demand growing at between 1.5 and 2.5 percent per year through 2001, in terms of

Abstract This paper investigates the dynamic causal relationships between energy consumption, energy price and economic activity in Saudi Arabia based on a demand side approach. We use a Johansen multivariate cointegration approach and incorporate CO2 emissions as a control variable. The results indicate that there exists at least a long-run relationship between energy consumption, energy price, carbon dioxide emissions, and economic growth. Furthermore, a long-run unidirectional causality stands from energy consumption to economic growth and CO2 emissions, bidirectional causality between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth, and a long-run unidirectional causality runs from energy price to economic growth and CO2 emissions. In the short-run, there is unidirectional causality running from CO2 emissions to energy consumption and economic output and from energy price to CO2 emissions. Even though, the energy-led growth hypothesis is valid, the share of energy consumption in explaining economic growth is minimal. Energy price is the most important factor in explaining economic growth. Hence, policies aimed at reducing energy consumption and controlling for CO2 emissions may not reduce significantly Saudi?s economic growth. Investing in the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power is an urgent necessity to control for fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

The need for energy sources in the developing countries might be partially satisfied by using photovoltaic power systems in addition to conventional means. A review of photovoltaic manufacturing in developing ...

International statistical tables and graphs are given for the following: (1) Iran - Crude Oil Capacity, Production and Shut-in, June 1974-April 1980; (2) Saudi Arabia - Crude Oil Capacity, Production, and Shut-in, March 1974-Apr 1980; (3) OPEC (Ex-Iran and Saudi Arabia) - Capacity, Production and Shut-in, June 1974-March 1980; (4) Non-OPEC Free World and US Production of Crude Oil, January 1973-February 1980; (5) Oil Stocks - Free World, US, Japan, and Europe (Landed, 1973-1st Quarter, 1980); (6) Petroleum Consumption by Industrial Countries, January 1973-December 1979; (7) USSR Crude Oil Production and Exports, January 1974-April 1980; and (8) Free World and US Nuclear Generation Capacity, January 1973-March 1980. Similar statistical tables and graphs included for the United States include: (1) Imports of Crude Oil and Products, January 1973-April 1980; (2) Landed Cost of Saudi Oil in Current and 1974 Dollars, April 1974-January 1980; (3) US Trade in Coal, January 1973-March 1980; (4) Summary of US Merchandise Trade, 1976-March 1980; and (5) US Energy/GNP Ratio, 1947 to 1979.

Data are presented in graphs and tables on the following: Iran: crude oil capacity, production, and shut-in, monthly, June 1974 to May 1980; Saudi Arabia: crude oil capacity, production, and shut-in, monthly, March 1974 to May 1980; OPEC (Ex-Iran and Saudi Arabia): capacity, production and shut-in, monthly, June 1974 to April 1980; non-OPEC Free World and US production of crude oil, monthly, January 1973 to March 1980; oil stocks: Free World, US, Japan, and Europe (landed), 1973 to first quarter 1980; petroleum consumption by industrial countries, monthly, January 1973 to December 1979; USSR crude oil production, monthly, January 1974 to May 1980; Free World and US nuclear generation capacity, monthly, January 1973 to April 1980; world crude oil production by area, annually, 1947 to 1979; estimated proved world reserves of crude oil, annually, January 1, 1948 to 1980; world marketed production of natural gas, annually, 1950 to 1979; estimated proved world reserves of natural gas, annually, January 1, 1967 to 1980; US trade in natural gas, 1955 to 1979; US imports of crude oil and products, monthly, January 1973 to May 1980; landed cast of Saudi crude oil in current and 1974 dollars, monthly, April 1974 to March 1980; US trade in coal, monthly, January 1973 to April 1980; summary of US merchandise trade, 1976 to April 1980 and Energy/GNP ratio, annually, 1947 to 1949 and, quarterly, first 1973 to first 1980.

Data are compiled in tables and graphs on Iran and Saudi Arabia: Crude Oil Capacity, Production, and Shut-in, June 1974 to July 1980; OPEC (Ex-Iran and Saudi Arabia): Capacity, Production, and Shut-in, June 1974 to June 1980; Non-OPEC Free World and US Production of Crude oil, January 1973 to May 1980; Oil Stocks: Free World, US, Japan, and Europe (landed), 1973 - 1st quarter 1980; Petroleum Consumption by Industrial Countries, January 1973 to February 1980; USSR Crude Oil Production, January 1974 to July 1980; Free World and US Nuclear Generation Capacity, January 1973 to June 1980; US Import of Crude Oil and Products, January 1973 to July 1980; Landed Cost of Saudi Crude in Current and 1974 Dollars, April 1974 to May 1980; US trade in Coal, January 1973 to June 1980; Summary of US Merchandise Trade, 1976 to June 1980; and Energy/GNP Ratio, 1974-1st quarter 1980. The highlight of each is summarized very briefly in the Table of Contents.

The Arabian Gulf is experiencing the worst oil spill in its history. The spill originates from two war damaged Iranian oil wells in the Nowruz oil field. Much of the oil is entering Saudi Arabian waters and washes ashore in the form of tar like flakes. In late March and early April 1983, fish, snake, turtle, and bird kills of different magnitude were noted along the Saudi Arabian coastline. In the early days of the spill Saudi Arabian authorities suspected sources other than the Nowruz spill to be causing the kills. Research was initiated to identify the origin of tar like flakes, their environmental impact and the cause of fish, snake, turtle and bird kills. This paper discusses some of the results of this research.

This paper presents econometric estimates of motor gasoline demand in eleven developing countries of Asia. The price and GDP per capita elasticities are estimated for each country separately, and for several pooled combinations of the countries. The estimated elasticities for the Asian countries are compared with those of the OECD countries. Generally, one finds that the OECD countries have GDP elasticities that are smaller, and price elasticities that are larger (in absolute value). The price elasticities for the low-income Asian countries are more inelastic than for the middle-income Asian countries, and the GDP elasticities are generally more elastic. 13 refs., 6 tabs.

In the Arabian Gulf region in general, and in Saudi Arabia in particular, demand for water in the agricultural, domestic, and industrial sectors has increased dramatically as a result of rapid development, and improved standard of living, and diversification of economic activity in agriculture and industry. This article presents an overview of supply and demand situations prevailing in the Arabian Gulf region and discusses various conventional and unconventional alternatives for meeting the growing demand for water. It also describes conservation measures and their socioeconomic effects.

The World Health Organization (WHO) and United States Public Health Service (USPHS) standards for drinking water recommend an upper limit concentration of 0.05 mg/L for both lead and chromium. The authors studied the cadmium and zinc concentrations in the potable water of the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. They report here the results of the study of lead and chromium concentrations in the potable water of the same area to provide a more complete profile of the levels of heavy metals in the potable water of the Eastern Province.

About 80 million gallons of automotive lubricating oils are sold in Saudi Arabia. Much of this oil, after use, is actually contributing to the increased pollution of land because of indiscriminate dumping. Any scheme of secondary use of the waste lube oils would be of interest both for conservation of energy resources and for protection of environment. This paper discusses the secondary use for the used automotive lubricating oils. Process technology of Meinken, Mohawk and KTI were selected for the techno-economic feasibility study for refining used oil. Profitability analysis of each process is worked out and the results are compared.

This paper introduces a design and optimization methodology for autonomous hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/wind/battery energy system. The main function of the proposed methodology is to determine the optimum size of each component of the energy system for the lowest cost of kWh generated and the best loss of load probability. This methodology uses the hourly wind speed hourly radiation and hourly load power with many different types of wind turbines and PV module types to get the optimum size of each component and the minimum cost of kWh generated at highest reliability. This methodology changes the share ratio of wind/PV with certain increments and calculates the required size of all components and the optimum battery size to get the predefined lowest acceptable probability. This methodology is implemented using a new computer program in flexible fashion which is not available in any market available software such as HOMER or RETSCREEN software. Actual data for ten Saudi sites are used with this computer program. The results obtained from the proposed program are compared with HOMER software. The proposed computer program performed the optimal design steps in very short time and with accurate results. Very valuable results can be extracted from the new computer program that could help researchers and decision makers. The results obtained from the proposed computer program have established the economic feasibility of installing hybrid energy systems in many sites of Saudi Arabia.

A sudden disturbance in water level was recorded by hydrographs monitoring wells in the coastal city Dammam, Saudi Arabia on December 26, 2004. The water level was being ... h after the Sumatra earthquake/tsunami...

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This study provides a framework for understanding the circumstances associated with the introduction of modern housing concepts and techniques to Saudi Arabia. The analysis and discussion of the relevant cultural influences ...

Recent years have witnessed a growing recognition of the link between emissions of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and changes in the global climate. of all anthropogenic activities, energy production and use generate the single largest portion of these greenhouse gases. Although developing countries currently account for a small share of global carbon emissions, their contribution is increasing rapidly. Due to the rapid expansion of energy demand in these nations, the developing world`s share in global modern energy use rose from 16 to 27 percent between 1970 and 1990. If the growth rates observed over the past 20 years persist, energy demand in developing nations will surpass that in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) early in the 21st century. The study seeks to examine the forces that galvanize the growth of energy use and carbon emissions, to assess the likely future levels of energy and CO{sub 2} in selected developing nations and to identify opportunities for restraining this growth. The purpose of this report is to provide the quantitative information needed to develop effective policy options, not to identify the options themselves. A combined study was carried out for the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates).

Recent years have witnessed a growing recognition of the link between emissions of carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and changes in the global climate. of all anthropogenic activities, energy production and use generate the single largest portion of these greenhouse gases. Although developing countries currently account for a small share of global carbon emissions, their contribution is increasing rapidly. Due to the rapid expansion of energy demand in these nations, the developing world's share in global modern energy use rose from 16 to 27 percent between 1970 and 1990. If the growth rates observed over the past 20 years persist, energy demand in developing nations will surpass that in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) early in the 21st century. The study seeks to examine the forces that galvanize the growth of energy use and carbon emissions, to assess the likely future levels of energy and CO{sub 2} in selected developing nations and to identify opportunities for restraining this growth. The purpose of this report is to provide the quantitative information needed to develop effective policy options, not to identify the options themselves. A combined study was carried out for the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates).

...barrels of heavy oil, a lighter...defined as any oil heavier than...flows into production lines at a profitable rate. Oil from the sands...strip-mine operations linked by...upgrading" equipment, in the industry...Ath-abaska field. Construction...summer. Its cost was $2...894 nerve gas ("Weteye...

...19 (Canadian) per barrel. He seemed...000 barrels a day by 1986. It will...underground in-to production wells, and will...heavy oil's day has come. Brian...of capital cost per SCIENCE, VOL. 204 barrel a day of production, conventional...

We investigated the levels and patterns of biotechnology patenting in several developing countries by examining patents registered in the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database. The results showed, firstly, that developing countries have increased their biotechnology patenting during the period with the leading countries demonstrating inventive strengths in this field. Secondly, whereas in some countries national patenting ownership was high in others it was relatively low, which may limit the ability of the countries to harness their inventions. Thirdly, the research sector has been particularly active in patenting, especially in countries with relatively strong track records in developing biotechnology products, but industrial patenting is still limited in most of the countries studied. Finally, several of the countries we examined have a strong focus on health biotechnology compared to other types of biotechnology in their patenting rates. It remains to be seen if the increased patenting will foster biotechnology innovation.

Country Studies Program Country Studies Program Jump to: navigation, search Name US Country Studies Program Agency/Company /Organization United States Government Sector Energy, Land Website http://www.gcrio.org/CSP/ Program Start 1993 References US Country Studies Program[1] From: http://www.gcrio.org/CSP/ap.html The U.S. Country Studies Program provides financial and technical assistance to developing and transition countries for climate change studies. The program was announced by the President prior to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Brazil in 1992. The first round of two-year studies began in October 1993, and a second round followed in October 1994. Fifty-six countries on five continents currently participate in the program. Regional and sectoral

' cloud: Observations of unusually high cloud droplet concentrations in Saudi Arabia, David J Delene accumulation on the unprotected leading edge of the aircraft's wing during the 9 April 2009 research in Saudi diameters compared to a normal cell. Cloud base CCN measurements in Saudi Arabia are variable with some

The analysis and created statistical models of energy consumption tendencies in the European Union (EU25), including new countries in transition, are presented. The EU15 market economy countries and countries in transition are classified into six clusters by relative indicators of Gross Domestic Product (GDP/P) and energy demand (W/P) per capita. The specified statistical models of energy intensity W/GDP non-linear stochastic tendencies have been discovered with respect to the clusters of classified countries. The new energy demand simulation models have been developed for the demand management in timeâ??territory hierarchy in various scenarios of short-term and long-term perspective on the basis of comparative analysis methodology. The non-linear statistical models were modified to GDP, W/P and electricity (E/P) final consumption long-term forecasts for new associated East European countries and, as an example, for the Baltic Countries, including Lithuania.

was funded by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through a contract with Weather Modification Inc (WMI). We also in Saudi Arabia, David J Delene and Jeffrey S Tilley, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND Terry Krauss, Weather Modification, Inc., Fargo, ND ` Introduction Photographs of ice accumulation

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As part of our continuing assessment of the Asia-Pacific energy markets, the Energy Program has embarked upon country studies that discuss in detail the structure of the energy sector in each country within the region. The country studies also provide the reader with an overview of the economic situation and, when possible, of the political situation in the country under study. We have particularly highlighted petroleum and gas issues in the country studies and have attempted to show the foreign trade implications of oil and gas trade. Finally, as much as possible, we have provided the latest available statistics---more often than not, from unpublished sources. Staff members have traveled extensively in the countries under review and have spoken to top policymakers in government and industry. Thus, these reports provide not only information but the latest thinking on energy issues in various countries. It is our hope that over the next few years these country studies can be updated and will provide a continuous, long-term source of energy sector analysis for the Asia-Pacific region. 48 refs., 23 figs., 56 tabs.

The Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation is hosting the Special Institute on Energy and Mineral Development in Indian Country. This two-day conference will cover laws, policies, and practices regarding natural resources development in Indian Country and how they've evolved in the recent years.

The effects of acute cadmium poisoning on humans are very serious. Among them are hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, kidney damage and destruction of red blood cells and testicular tissues. It is believed that much of the physiological action of cadmium is due to its replacement of zinc in some enzymes thereby impairing its catalytic activity. Previous studies on rats indicated that the dietary level of zinc can influence susceptibility to cadmium. The Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is undergoing extensive industrialization, crude oil exploration, production, processing and exportation. All of these are sources of trace heavy metal pollution. It is inhabited by a population where private and public water wells, particularly in the rural areas, are in most cases the major source of potable water. This paper deals with the determination of cadmium and zinc concentration in the potable water of the Eastern Province in order to generate baseline data to enable the medically qualified members of the research team to study the possible relationship between these two ions and cardiovascular morbidity in the population consuming this water.

This paper discusses the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by transmission lines operating in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia. These lines have operating voltages of 132, 230 and 380 kV and are located in a hot, dry arid desert land where precipitaton is very low. Measurements of typical EMI characteristics such as frequency spectrum, lateral profile and statistical variation are performed for each type of line and results are analyzed. It is found that general noise characteristic of these lines are similar to those reported in the literature for other lines which are located in relatively wet environment. The results further show that if operating gradients are low, the increase of EMI due to rain is lower than 20 dB value usually observed. The presence of sand and dust storms does not increase EMI level in any appreciable manner. The fair weather EMI level of these lines can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by using the CIGRE formula. Results are also presented for power line carrier related EMI.

This paper discusses the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by transmission lines operating in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia. These lines have operating voltages of 132, 230 and 380 kV and are located in a hot, dry arid desert land where precipitation is very low. Measurements of typical EMI characteristics such as frequency spectrum, lateral profile and statistical variation are performed for each type of line and results are analyzed. It is found that general noise characteristic of these lines are similar to those reported in the literature for other lines which are located in relatively wet environment. The results further show that if operating gradients are low, the increase of EMI due to rain is lower than 20 dB value usually observed. The presence of sand and dust storms does not increase EMI level in any appreciable manner. The fair weather EMI level of these lines can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by using the CIGRE formula. Results are also presented for power line carrier related EMI.

The energy consumption of a house air conditioner located at Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, is modeled as a function of weather parameters and total (global) solar radiation on a horizontal surface. The selection of effective parameters that significantly influence energy consumption is carried out using general stepping regression methods. The problem of collinearity between the regressors is also investigated. The final model involves parameters of total solar radiation on a horizontal surface, wind speed, and temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor condition. However, the model coefficients are functions of relative humidity and/or temperature difference between the indoor and outdoor condition. Model adequacy is examined by the residual analysis technique. Model validation is carried out by the data-splitting technique. The sensitivity of the model indicates that relative humidity and temperature difference strongly influence the cooling energy consumption. It was found that an increase in relative humidity from 20% to 100% can cause a 100% increase in cooling energy consumption during the high cooling season.

Abstract During the last decade human factors is drawing more attention in the design, engineering, production, and maintenance of new industrial products especially in automotive industry. Ergonomic quality is becoming a critical criterion for the success of many products. Recently, virtual reality (VR) technique is widely applied during different phases of product development. The use of VR allows designer reducing the production of physical prototypes that are very expensive and requires long production time. Virtual humans are used in the automotive industry especially for ergonomic analysis of a virtual prototype of a car. In this research work, an ergonomic assessment for first Saudi Arabian Car known has been performed. CATIA V5 human builder module was used to develop the virtual humans of American male 50 and 95 percentile, which were utilized to carry out the ergonomic analysis of driver's seat. The main goal of the research is to develop a virtual environment (VE) that allow designers and engineer to evaluate the car interiors and driver's seat position using the digital mock-up instead of building the physical prototype, having a virtual validation of the project, in its early development phases. A successful ergonomics assessment has been performed on the digital model of the car in a semi-immersive virtual environment and recommendations were made for the driver's seat position based on the assessment.

Many of the present difficulties of the world economy have been blamed on the two oil-price explosions of the 1970s. Professor Chichilnisky shows ... , at least in the case of the oil-importing developing countri...

Abstract The health workforce plays a key role in increasing access to health services for populations in developing countries. Yet there are numerous challenges in this critical area of health policy in developing countries, including labor shortages, geographic disparities, and variation in health worker productivity and quality. A labor economics perspective is extremely useful in understanding why, for example, countries with relatively similar epidemiological and disease profiles have vastly different numbers of doctors and nurses, or why there are unemployed nurses when the need for care is so great. This article reviews the key factors that influence the demand for and supply of health workers and reviews the special features of the health labor market in developing countries.

Tribal Programs in Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country EM Tribal Programs in Indian Country The U.S. Department of Energy is committed to the cleanup of sites that were once part of the Nation's nuclear weapons complex. Several of these sites are located close or adjacent to sovereign Tribal nations and impact Indian lands and/or resources. Consistent with the Department's American

Abstract In the present study, the economic feasibility of development of 15 MW wind power plant (wind farm) at Taif, Western Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) has been investigated by analyzing long-term wind speed data. Western province has relatively better wind energy resources. Data analysis indicates that monthly average wind speeds of Taif (21 29’ N, 40 32’ E) range from 3.1 to 4.8 m/s at 10 m height. The wind farms simulated consist of different combinations of 600 kW commercial wind machines (50 m hub-height). NREL's (HOMER Energy's) HOMER software has been employed to perform the techno-economic assessment. The study presents monthly variations of wind speed, cumulative frequency distribution (CFD) profiles of wind speed, monthly and yearly amount of energy generated from the 15 MW wind farm (50 m hub-height), cost of generating energy (COE, $/kWh), capacity factor (%), etc. The CFD indicates that the wind speeds are less than 3 m/s for 46% of the time during the year. This implies that wind electric conversion systems (WECS) will not produce energy for about 46% of the time during the year. The annual energy produced by 15 MW wind farm (50 m hub-height) has been found to be 19939 MWh. The cost of wind-based electricity by using 600 kW (50m hub-height) commercial WECS has been found to be 0.0576 US$/kWh. With the development of 15 MW wind farm, about 453 tons/year of carbon emissions can be avoided entering into the local atmospheric. The paper also attempts to address various aspects (such as: effect of hub-height, etc.) of wind farm establishment

University of Petroleum & Minerals DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES Technical Report Series TR 361 Oct: Department of Mathematics, Hafr Al-Batin Community College, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P of Mathematical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Email

University of Petroleum & Minerals DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES Technical Report Series TR 360 Oct: Department of Mathematics, Hafr Al-Batin Community College, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P of Mathematical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia, Email

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KENYA COUNTRY REPORT KENYA COUNTRY REPORT SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY RESOURCE ASSESSMENT Nairobi, 23 May 2008 i ii Disclaimer This report is a compilation of information relating to the Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment Project (SWERA) including data capturing and analysis, computation and mapping using GIS and other technologies to produce a national solar and wind atlases for Kenya. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Environment Programme, Government of Kenya, Practical Action or any other party or organizations and countries involved in the SWERA project. Any omissions or alteration of the intended meaning and discrepancies are highly regretted. Daniel Theuri Lead Implementer SWERA National Team Nairobi, 23 May 2008 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Country-Fried Biofuels Country-Fried Biofuels Country-Fried Biofuels December 9, 2010 - 5:33pm Addthis Shannon Brescher Shea Communications Manager, Clean Cities Program Editor's Note: This entry is crossposted from the Energy Savers Blog. Every Thanksgiving, we hear stories about an imprudent cook deep frying a turkey inside, resulting in fiery disaster. But a more humdrum risk of deep-frying is improperly disposing of the grease. Pouring it down the drain, which can clog municipal pipes and pollute local waterways, is actually illegal in many places. A better option is to have it recycled into biodiesel. Some Clean Cities coalitions, supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy's (EERE) Vehicle Technologies Program, have worked with their local governments to make holiday drippings

Country-Fried Biofuels Country-Fried Biofuels Country-Fried Biofuels December 7, 2010 - 12:37pm Addthis Shannon Brescher Shea Communications Manager, Clean Cities Program Every Thanksgiving, we hear stories about an imprudent cook deep frying a turkey inside, resulting in fiery disaster. But a more humdrum risk of deep-frying is improperly disposing of the grease. Pouring it down the drain, which can clog municipal pipes and pollute local waterways, is actually illegal in many places. A better option is to have it recycled into biodiesel. Some Clean Cities coalitions, supported by the Vehicle Technologies Program in EERE, have worked with their local governments to make holiday drippings into clean fuel. This year, Pima County (Tucson), Arizona collected more than 4,400 pounds of used oil at their sixth annual Day After Thanksgiving Grease Recycling

6 6 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Industrialized Countries Extended discussion here Carbon emissions per capita 1973 vs. 1991 by major end use. (Denmark comparison is 1972 and 1991) With the third Conference of the Parties (COP-3) in Kyoto approaching, there is a great deal of excitement over policies designed to reduce future carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels. At COP-3, more than 130 nations will meet to create legally binding targets for CO2 reductions. Accordingly, we have analyzed the patterns of emissions arising from the end uses of energy (and electricity production) in ten industrialized countries, with surprising and, in some cases, worrisome results. The surprise is that emissions in many countries in the early 1990s were lower than in the 1970s in an absolute sense and on a per capita basis; the worry

HEALTH IN FRAGILE STATES COUNTRY CASE STUDY: NORTHERN UGANDA JUNE 2006 This publication COUNTRY CASE STUDY: NORTHERN UGANDA The authors' views expressed in this publication do not necessarily States, Country Case Study: Northern Uganda. Arlington, Virginia, USA: Basic Support

... investment on the following day was intended to call attention to the importance of British private investment, and in opening the debate Lord Aldington was particularly concerned with the possible ... publication of the Overseas Development Institute, Investment and Development, in which the role of private investment in developing countries is discussed *. Following an introduc tion by Sir Leslie ...

. This means huge investments, totalling 1.4% of global GDP per year by 2030, which will have to be madePolicies for the future 2011 Assessment of country energy and climate policies World Energy Council Project Partner OLIVER WYMAN #12;Officers of the World Energy Council Pierre Gadonneix Chair Abubakar

of emission reduction activities on energy exporting countries. In negotiations the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) countries argue that this should mean payment of compensation for the lost oil to the impacts of climate change. This suggests that tacit G77-China support for OPEC's position may therefore

Extensive data are compiled for energy on the international scene and for the US. Data are indicated from the date given and into 1980 as far as available. Data are given for the international scene on: world crude oil production, 1975-to date; Iran: crude oil capacity, production, and shut-in, 1974-to date; Saudi Arabia: crude oil capacity, production, and shut-in, 1974-to date; OPEC (Ex-Iran and Saudi Arabia): capacity, production, and shut-in, 1974-to date; oil stocks: Free World, US, Japan, and Europe (landed), 1973-to date; petroleum consumption by industrial countries, 1973-to date; USSR crude oil production, 1974-to date; Free World and US nuclear generation capacity, 1973-to date. Data are supplied specifically for the US on US gross imports of crude oil and products, 1973-to date; landed cost of Saudi crude in current and 1974 dollars; US trade in bituminous coal, 1973-to date; summary of US merchandise trade, 1976-to date; and energy/GNP ratio.

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April 25, 2013 April 25, 2013 Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 The eighth in a series of reports required by section 1245 (d) (4) (A) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 April 2013 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Availability and Price of Petroleum and Petroleum Products Produced in Countries Other Than Iran 1 Table of Contents March - April 2013 Update ........................................................................................................................... 2 Tables ............................................................................................................................................................ 4 Figures ......................................................................................................................................................... 10

Tabulated data and graphic displays are presented for: world crude oil production for each year since 1974; OPEC crude oil production capacity; world crude oil and refined product inventory level for each year since 1975; oil consumption in OECD Countries for each year since 1975; USSR crude oil production for each year since 1975; and the free world and US nuclear electricity generation for 1973 and the current capacity. Also, tabulated data and graphic displays are included on: US domestic oil supply for each year since 1977; US gross imports of crude oil and products for each year since 1973; landed cost of Saudi crude in current and 1974 dollars; US coal trade for each year since 1975; US natural gas trade for each year since 1975; a summary of US merchandise trade for each year since 1977; and the US energy/GNP ratio in 1972 dollars.

Page. Page. Pages using the property "HPBD/Country" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) H High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States + High Performance Buildings Database + United States +

This volume presents a country-by-country energy assessment of six Central American countries: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. For each country it includes an assessment of geographic, social, and economic aspects of energy development, an assessment of energy resources, current and projected energy use, potential strategies for energy development, and finally recommendations to USAID for the orientation of its energy development programs. Each country assessment is supplemented with a summary of energy R and D activities and a description of each country's energy-related institutions.

Abstract Detailed projections of world fossil fuel production including unconventional sources were created by country and fuel type to estimate possible future fossil fuel production. Four critical countries (China, USA, Canada and Australia) were examined in detail with projections made on the state/province level. Ultimately Recoverable Resources (URR) for fossil fuels were estimated for three scenarios: Low = 48.4 ZJ, Best Guess (BG) = 75.7 ZJ, High = 121.5 ZJ. The scenarios were developed using Geologic Resources Supply-Demand Model (GeRS-DeMo). The Low and Best Guess (BG) scenarios suggest that world fossil fuel production may peak before 2025 and decline rapidly thereafter. The High scenario indicates that fossil fuels may have a strong growth till 2025 followed by a plateau lasting approximately 50 years before declining. All three scenarios suggest that world coal production may peak before 2025 due to peaking Chinese production and that only natural gas could have strong growth in the future. In addition, by converting the fossil fuel projections to greenhouse gas emissions, the projections were compared to IPCC scenarios which indicated that based on current estimates of URR there are insufficient fossil fuels to deliver the higher emission IPCC scenarios \\{A1Fl\\} and RCP8.5.

To gain insights into the potentials and characteristics of health biotechnology in developing countries, we carried out an analysis of health biotechnology publications in developing nations that have had some successes in this field. We analysed the patterns of health biotechnology publications of authors from seven developing countries from 1991 to 2002. Our results showed a significant growth in health biotechnology publications in developing countries. Their growth in the field was larger than the growth in industrialised countries, but the visibility of their research was limited. Universities were found to be the strongest producers of health biotechnology papers in the countries we studied. This study showed further that international research collaboration of these countries was extensive and domestic knowledge flows between their institutions seems to be increasing. Contrary to other work on health research in developing countries, this study suggested that developing countries' research was focused on local health needs.

Chile was the first country in the world to implement a comprehensive reform of its electricity sector in the recent period. Among developing countries only Argentina has had a comparably comprehensive and successful reform. ...

Global participation in space activity is growing as satellite technology matures and spreads. Countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America are creating or reinvigorating national satellite programs. These countries are ...

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...day to our production by the year...estimate a production of 7...petroleum liquids per day in 2000...Even in the OPECcountries...than did the 1973 embargo...countries of the OPEC (Or-ganization...World production of petroleum...mil-lion barrels per day, depending...

...world oil production is in sight...million barrels per day, then begin a...Countries (OPEC), which...crises of 1973 and 1979...world oil production peaks (see...million barrels per day, then...Countries (OPEC), which...crises of 1973 and 1979...world oil production peaks...

Historical studies of the energy-demand patterns of the industrial countries show increasing energy intensity followed by decreasing intensity. To explore the energy intensity patterns of developing countries, a data base was assembled for 38 developing countries. The data base contains estimates of per capita energy demand and GDP for 1950, 1960, 1970 and 1980. If the GDP is measured using the purchasing power parity method, analysis of the data base demonstrates an increase in energy intensity as countries develop.

Starting your career in Russia Country Guide for International Students #12;Country profile Main country, Russia. You stand at the beginning of an exciting career, but what are the steps you need to take provides you with practical advice about returning to work in Russia, to help you make a successful start

This book reviews coal policies and prospects in IEA countries and major non-IEA coal exporting countries. It also considers demand, production, infrastructure, prices, and environment issues. The review also suggests ways to promote demand for coal as a way of improving energy security in IEA countries.

ORNL Global Change and Developing Country Programs ORNL Global Change and Developing Country Programs (Redirected from Global Change and Developing Country Programs) Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Global Change and Developing Country Programs Name Global Change and Developing Country Programs Agency/Company /Organization Oak Ridge National Laboratory Sector Energy Website http://www.esd.ornl.gov/eess/g References Global Change [1] "For more than twenty years, ORNL has been active in energy and environmental collaborations with developing countries. Projects have involved more than forty countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Middle East; and they have included every major kind of energy technology and policy, along with a wide range of environmental technologies and policies." [1]

Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country March 5, 2012 - 6:27pm Addthis This event will take place May 21-22, 2012, in Scottsdale, Arizona. At the fifth annual Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country Conference, tribal leaders and professionals will discuss the significant opportunities for energy development in Indian Country, as well as the barriers that tribes must overcome to bring energy projects to fruition. Discussions will include increasing access to private capital, feasibility studies, and how tribes can create sustainable and environmentally responsible economies for the future generations of Indian Country. Learn more and register on the Native Nation Events website. Addthis Related Articles Obama Administration Announces Additional $63,817,400 for Local Energy

Change and Developing Country Programs Change and Developing Country Programs Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Global Change and Developing Country Programs Name Global Change and Developing Country Programs Agency/Company /Organization Oak Ridge National Laboratory Sector Energy Website http://www.esd.ornl.gov/eess/g References Global Change [1] "For more than twenty years, ORNL has been active in energy and environmental collaborations with developing countries. Projects have involved more than forty countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Middle East; and they have included every major kind of energy technology and policy, along with a wide range of environmental technologies and policies." [1] References â†‘ 1.0 1.1 Global Change Retrieved from

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Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country May 21, 2012 7:45AM MST to May 22, 2012 12:30PM MST Scottsdale, Arizona At the fifth annual Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country Conference, tribal leaders and professionals will discuss the significant opportunities for energy development in Indian Country, as well as the barriers that tribes must overcome to bring energy projects to fruition. Discussions will include increasing access to private capital, feasibility studies, and how tribes can create sustainable and environmentally responsible economies for the future generations of Indian Country. DOE Office of Indian Energy Director Tracey LeBeau will give the keynote at the conference entitled: "The Next Generation of Indian Energy and

Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country March 5, 2012 - 6:27pm Addthis This event will take place May 21-22, 2012, in Scottsdale, Arizona. At the fifth annual Renewable Energy Projects in Indian Country Conference, tribal leaders and professionals will discuss the significant opportunities for energy development in Indian Country, as well as the barriers that tribes must overcome to bring energy projects to fruition. Discussions will include increasing access to private capital, feasibility studies, and how tribes can create sustainable and environmentally responsible economies for the future generations of Indian Country. Learn more and register on the Native Nation Events website. Addthis Related Articles Obama Administration Announces Additional $63,817,400 for Local Energy

Solid waste management (SWM) has become an issue of increasing global concern as urban populations continue to rise and consumption patterns change. The health and environmental implications associated with SWM are mounting in urgency, particularly in the context of developing countries. While systems analyses largely targeting well-defined, engineered systems have been used to help SWM agencies in industrialized countries since the 1960s, collection and removal dominate the SWM sector in developing countries. This review contrasts the history and current paradigms of SWM practices and policies in industrialized countries with the current challenges and complexities faced in developing country SWM. In industrialized countries, public health, environment, resource scarcity, climate change, and public awareness and participation have acted as SWM drivers towards the current paradigm of integrated SWM. However, urbanization, inequality, and economic growth; cultural and socio-economic aspects; policy, governance, and institutional issues; and international influences have complicated SWM in developing countries. This has limited the applicability of approaches that were successful along the SWM development trajectories of industrialized countries. This review demonstrates the importance of founding new SWM approaches for developing country contexts in post-normal science and complex, adaptive systems thinking.

Abstract A hybrid wind/solar powered reverse osmosis desalination system has been modeled and simulated. The results of the simulation have been used to optimize the system for the minimum cost per cubic meter of the desalinated water. The performance of the hybrid wind/solar powered RO system has been analyzed under Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, weather data for a typical year. The performance has been evaluated under a constant RO load of 1 kW for 12 h/day and 24 h/day. The simulation results revealed that the optimum system that powers a 1-kW RO system for 12 h/day that yields a minimum levelized cost of energy comprises 2 wind turbines, 40 \\{PVs\\} modules and 6 batteries and the levelized cost of energy of such system is found to be 0.624 $/kW h. On the other hand, for a load of 1-kW for 24 h/day, the optimum system consists of 6 wind turbines, 66 \\{PVs\\} modules and 16 batteries with a minimum levelized cost of energy 0.672 $/kW h. Depending on the salinity of the raw water, the energy consumption for desalination ranges between 8 and 20 kW h/m3. This means that the cost of using the proposed optimum hybrid wind/solar system for water desalination will range between $3.693/m3 and $3. 812/m3 which is less than the range reported in the literature.

...2 shows Saudi production at well under 3 million barrels per day for 18 months...their current production by a factor of...with demand, OPEC will regain mar-ket...5 to 26 miles per gallon will probably...history ofthe 1973-1974 and 1979-1980...

During the 1970s OPEC decided to raise the oil price by 70 %. Countries depending on this fuel were forced to develop new sources of energy. As one of those countries, Brazil began the intensification of programs...

Climate Change Uncertainty and Skepticism: A Cross-Country Analysis Skepticism about climate change for other countries. Â· Skepticism and uncertainty are related but different aspects of climate change perceptions. In the literature, skepticism often relates to whether people believe climate change is happening

DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSNATIONAL TERRORISM AMONG COUNTRIES BY INCOME CLASSES AND GEOGRAPHY AFTER 9 and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events University of Southern California Los Angeles, California 3710 Mc;DISTRIBUTION OF TRANSNATIONAL TERRORISM AMONG COUNTRIES BY INCOME CLASSES AND GEOGRAPHY AFTER 9/11 by Walter

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New Technology, Human Capital and Growth for Developing Countries. Cuong Le Van, Manh-Hung Nguyen country with three sectors in economy: con- sumption goods, new technology, and education. Productivity of the con- sumption goods sector depends on new technology and skilled labor used for production of the new

Advancing Clean Energy in Indian Country Advancing Clean Energy in Indian Country Advancing Clean Energy in Indian Country November 7, 2011 - 3:16pm Addthis Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs Director Tracey LeBeau meets with tribal leaders from across the United States in Portland, Oregon to discuss how to advance clean energy deployment in Indian Country. | The National Conference of State Legislatures Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs Director Tracey LeBeau meets with tribal leaders from across the United States in Portland, Oregon to discuss how to advance clean energy deployment in Indian Country. | The National Conference of State Legislatures Tracey A. LeBeau Director, Office of Indian Energy Policy & Programs Last week, I attended the National Congress for American Indians (NCAI)

MRV Standards and Capacity in Key Countries MRV Standards and Capacity in Key Countries Jump to: navigation, search Name Building MRV Standards and Capacity in Key Countries Agency/Company /Organization World Resources Institute (WRI) Sector Climate Focus Area Renewable Energy Topics Implementation Website http://www.wri.org/topics/mrv Program Start 2011 Program End 2014 Country Brazil, Colombia, Ethiopia, India, South Africa, Thailand South America, South America, Eastern Africa, Southern Asia, Southern Africa, South-Eastern Asia References World Resources Institute (WRI)[1] Program Overview Developing countries will be required to measure, report, and verify (MRV) mitigation actions according to international guidelines, but few have the capacity to do so. The goal of this project is to build the capacity of a

Assess current country plans, policies, practices, and capacities Assess current country plans, policies, practices, and capacities Jump to: navigation, search Stage 2 LEDS Home Introduction to Framework Assess current country plans, policies, practices, and capacities Develop_BAU Stage 4: Prioritizing and Planning for Actions Begin execution of implementation plans 1.0. Organizing the LEDS Process 1.1. Institutional Structure for LEDS 1.2. Workplan to Develop the LEDS 1.3. Roles and responsibilities to develop LEDS 2.1. Assess current country plans, policies, practices, and capacities 2.2. Compile lessons learned and good practices from ongoing and previous sustainable development efforts in the country 2.3. Assess public and private sector capacity to support initiatives 2.4. Assess and improve the national GHG inventory and other

This paper challenges internationally accepted concepts of dissemination of responsibilities between all stakeholders involved in national radioactive waste management infrastructure in the countries without nuclear power program. Mainly it concerns countries classified as class A and potentially B countries according to International Atomic Energy Agency. It will be shown that in such countries long term sustainability of national radioactive waste management infrastructure is very sensitive issue that can be addressed by involving regulatory body in more active way in the infrastructure. In that way countries can mitigate possible consequences on the very sensitive open market of radioactive waste management services, comprised mainly of radioactive waste generators, operators of end-life management facilities and regulatory body. (authors)

Modelling Agricultural Trade and Policy Impacts in Less Developed Countries Modelling Agricultural Trade and Policy Impacts in Less Developed Countries Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Modelling Agricultural Trade and Policy Impacts in Less Developed Countries Agency/Company /Organization: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Sector: Land Focus Area: Agriculture Topics: Policies/deployment programs Resource Type: Software/modeling tools Website: www.oecd.org/dataoecd/39/39/42122112.pdf Modelling Agricultural Trade and Policy Impacts in Less Developed Countries Screenshot References: Modelling Ag Policy[1] Overview "The role of agricultural policies in addressing the development needs of poorer countries is high on the political agenda, for both structural reasons and as a result of recent market developments. In the first place,

...domestic oil production and the diffi-culties...Countries (OPEC). The decontrol...the Earth Day move-ment...indeed-high enough per-haps to...about by OPEC in late 1973 and early...of oil a day less than...18 miles per gallon by...of oil a day (mbd...consumption in 1973. The added...domestic production of energy...

...since the end of 1973, the time of the...Exporting Countries' (OPEC) first major oil...consumer spending per capita (adjusted...as fast between 1973 and 1984 as it...was the 1973-74 OPEC oil price increase...overseas. Between 1973 and 1975 average...value ofoutput per hour of labor and...

Gas Exporting Countries Forum: What Is GECF and What Is Its Objective? Gas Exporting Countries Forum: What Is GECF and What Is Its Objective? International Energy Outlook 2009 Gas Exporting Countries Forum: What Is GECF and What Is Its Objective? The Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) was established in 2001, with the objective of generating Â“tangible cooperation among gas producing and exporting countries.Â”a In May 2001, 10 countries attended the first Ministerial Meeting of the GECF in Tehran, Iran,band since then it has held ministerial-level meetings almost every year. The membership has fluctuated from year to year, because the forum has had no formal structure, no membership requirements, and no dues.c Topics discussed under the auspices of the GECF have included the structure of the organization, new regulatory policies in consuming countries, development of a natural gas supply and demand model, and various studies to be conducted for the benefit of the membership.d

As part of our continuing assessment of Asia-Pacific energy markets, the Energy Program has embarked on a series of country studies that discuss in detail the structure of the energy sector in each major country in the region. To date, our reports to the US Department of Energy have covered Australia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. The country studies also provide the reader with an overview of the economic and political situation in the various countries. We have particularly highlighted petroleum and gas issues in the country studies and have attempted to show the foreign trade implications of oil and gas trade. Finally, to the greatest extent possible, we have provided the latest available statistics -- often from unpublished and disparate sources that are unavailable to most readers. Staff members have traveled extensively in -- and at times have lived in -- the countries under review and have held discussions with senior policymakers in government and industry. Thus, these reports provide not only information but also the latest thinking on energy issues in the various countries. This report covers Indonesia. 37 refs., 36 figs., 64 tabs.

As part of our continuing assessment of Asia-Pacific energy markets, the Energy Program has embarked on a series of country studies that discuss in detail the structure of the energy sector in each major country in the region. The country studies also provide the reader with an overview of the economic and political situation in the various countries. We have particularly highlighted petroleum and gas issues in the country studies and have attempted to show the foreign trade implications of oil and gas trade. Finally, to the greatest extent possible, we have provided the latest available statistics -- often from unpublished and disparate sources that are unavailable to most readers. Staff members have traveled extensively in -- and at times have lived in -- the countries under review and have held discussions with senior policymakers in government and industry. Thus, these reports provide not only information but also the latest thinking on energy issues in the various countries. This report summarizes the energy and economic situation in Pakistan.

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Country Energy and Infrastructure Working Group Country Energy and Infrastructure Working Group Indian Country Energy and Infrastructure Working Group The Indian Country Energy and Infrastructure Working Group (ICEIWG) has been established to work collaboratively with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs to assist in surveys, analysis, and recommendations related to those program and policy initiatives required to fulfill the DOE statutory authorizations and requirements of Title V of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. About ICEIWG Secretary Steven Chu announced the creation of the Working Group in May 2011 as an initiative to establish a working group of tribal government leaders and DOE to survey, analyze, and provide feedback to the DOE on its policy and program initiatives to meet the goals and programmatic

Sustainable development of hydropower in third countries: Sustainable development of hydropower in third countries: The development of hydropower on a sustainable basis has been an array of humanitarian and economic development, especially for local people as well as an important tool in the fight agains “Sustainable development of hydropower in third countries: The development of hydropower on a sustainable basis has been an array of humanitarian and economic development, especially for local people as well as an important tool in the fight agains “Sustainable development of hydropower in third countries: The development of hydropower on a sustainable basis has been an array of humanitarian and economic development, especially for local people as well as an important tool in the fight against glo

Bringing a Range of Supported Mitigation Activities in Selected Countries Bringing a Range of Supported Mitigation Activities in Selected Countries to the Next Level Jump to: navigation, search Name Bringing a Range of Supported Mitigation Activities in Selected Countries to the Next Level Agency/Company /Organization Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Ecofys Sector Climate Focus Area Renewable Energy, Agriculture, People and Policy Topics Low emission development planning, Policies/deployment programs Website http://www.ecn.nl/docs/library Program Start 2011 Program End 2014 Country Chile, Indonesia, Kenya, Peru, Tunisia South America, South-Eastern Asia, Eastern Africa, South America, Northern Africa References ECN[1] Ecofys[2] Program Overview This project runs from March 2012 to December 2014, and is a collaboration

Indigenous people in Pacific Island countries (PICs) often use their knowledge of the environment, acquired through generations of holistic observational practices and experimental learning, to make meteorological forecasts. Such knowledge systems ...

Abstract This paper investigates the impact of country risks, including political, financial, and economic risks, on the income elasticity of insurance demand. Using the panel smooth transition regression model, we find that there is a significant regime-switching effect concerning the impact of country risks on the income elasticity of insurance demand. A full-sample analysis shows that the income elasticity of insurance demand decreases when country risks diminish. In a subsample analysis based on income level, legal origin, and restriction on banks' participation in insurance activities, we find that the elasticity diminishes in general when economic risk drops. When political risk is lower, the elasticity decreases in countries with high-income, common law origin, and insurance activities permitted by banks, whereas a clear pattern cannot be identified in the case of financial risk.

...necessary to complement these reforms with specific, targeted...developing countries policy reform will have to be complemented...community, education and health care services. REFERENCES...soil conservation and the reform of agricultural pricing...

Influenza pandemics caused millions of deaths and massive economic losses worldwide in the last century. The impact of any future pandemic is likely to be greatest in developing countries as a result of their limited surveillance and healthcare resources. ...

of building envelope and weather data in reducing electrical energy consumption. The impacts of the following parameters were studied namely; walls and roof constructions, window size and glazing type for different geographical locations in the Arab Countries...

Taking the Blood Pressure (BP) with a traditional sphygmomanometer requires a trained user. In developed countries, patients who need to monitor their BP at home usually acquire an electronic BP device with an...

econometric model based on Poisson regression with cross-section data covering 51 US states, 13 Canada states and 51 other countries. The results show that both the background of the chairperson of electricity market regulatory agency when reforms started...

This chapter describes the data base and provides a detailed survey of the fiscal and social institutions of the countries examined in this book. It is explained how the authors dealt with the LIS microdata an...

This dissertation consists of three essays that examine banking and corporate finance in developing countries. Specifically, it explores the theoretical and empirical implications of open capital markets, foreign bank ...

As part of our continuing assessment of Asia-Pacific energy markets, the Resources Programs of the East-West Center series of country studies that discuss in detail the structure of the energy sector. To date, our reports to the US Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Energy Emergencies, have covered Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. The country studies provide an overview of the economic and political situation in the various countries. We have highlighted petroleum and gas issues in the country studies and have attempted to show the foreign trade implications of oil and gas trade. To the greatest extent possible, we have provided the latest available statistics. Staff members have traveled extensively in-and at times have lived in-the countries under review and have held discussions with senior policymakers in government and industry. Thus, these reports provide not only information but also the latest thinking on energy issues in the various countries. Over the next few years these country studies can be updated and will provide a continuous, long-term source of energy sector analysis for the Asia-Pacific region. This India Asia-Pacific Energy Series Country Report is the follow-on to a study by Victor Lobo, Energy in India: The Oil Sector, which was published by the East-West Center in December 1989. The study focused on the petroleum industry, particularly refining, infrastructure, marketing and distribution, specifications of products, demand structure and pricing. This current study, must be seen as a supplement to our 1989 study and, as such, does not cover the petroleum sector in depth.

In 2000, world leaders adopted the United Nations Millennium Declaration in which they pledged to halve, by 2015, the proportion of the world's people earning less than a dollar a day, suffering from hunger and unable to obtain safe drinking water. This paper argues that meeting these targets will entail concerted efforts to raise economic productivity in the developing world and to redirect research and development (R&D) in the industrialised countries to address problems that affect the developing countries. Doing this will require approaches that place science and technology at the centre of development policy in a world that is marked by extreme disparities in the creation of scientific and technical knowledge. Mobilising this knowledge to meet the agricultural, health, communication and environmental needs of developing countries will continue to be one of the most important issues in international relations in the years to come. The paper identifies ways of using the world's scientific and technological knowledge to meet the needs of developing countries. More specifically, it examines linkages among science, technology and development; emerging trends in innovation systems; incentive measures for technological innovation; and how to make technology work for developing countries. The paper examines two categories of measures needed to promote the application of science and technology to development. The first includes measures adopted by developing countries themselves to promote scientific research and technological innovation as a key element in economic development policy. The second includes measures that can be adopted in the industrialised countries to contribute to solving problems in developing countries.

Abstract This study investigates the interplay between terrorism and finance, focusing on the stock return volatility of American firms targeted by terrorist attacks. We find terrorism risk is an important factor in explaining the volatility of stock returns, which should be taken into account when modelling volatility. Using a volatility event-study approach and a new bootstrapping technique, we find volatility increases on the day of the attack and remain significant for at least fifteen days following the day of the attack. Cross-sectional analysis of the abnormal volatility indicates that the impact of terrorist attacks differs according to the country characteristics in which the incident occurred. We find that firms operating in wealthier, or more democratic countries, face greater volatility in stock returns relative to firms operating in developing countries. Firm exposure varies with the nature of country location, with country wealth and level of democracy playing an important role in explaining the likelihood of a terrorist attack. Our results show that despite significant terrorist events this past decade, stock markets in developed countries have not taken terrorist risk into sufficient consideration.

started to flock first to Bahrain where oil export began as early as in 1934, then Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, published in "INAMO 47 (2006) 10-14" #12;2 issue of oil revenues' distribution, affected the forms of movement control that were opted for, as well as the types of nationality issues that derived from it

10 10 1 January 2010 Short-Term Energy Outlook Supplement: Outlook for Non-OPEC Supply in 2010-2011 1 Summary Two large categories define the world's producing countries of crude oil and other liquid fuels 2 (hereafter "liquids"): those that are members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and those that are outside that group (non-OPEC). This article takes a closer look at the latter category. After growing by 630,000 barrels per day (bbl/d) in 2009, EIA expects non-OPEC liquids supply growth of 420,000 bbl/d in 2010, followed by decline in non-OPEC liquids supply of 140,000 bbl/d in 2011 (the end of the current forecast

Based on information drawn primarily from official planning documents issued by national governments and/or utilities, the authors examined the outlook for the power sector in the year 2000 in nine countries: China, India, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, Argentina and Mexico. They found that the implicit rates of average annual growth of installed electric power capacity between 1991 and 2001 range from a low of 3.3% per year in Argentina to a high of 13.2% per year in Indonesia. In absolute terms, China and India account for the vast majority of the growth. The plans call for a shift in the generating mix towards coal in six of the countries, and continued strong reliance on coal in China and India. The use of natural gas is expected to increase substantially in a number of the countries. The historic movement away from oil continues, although some countries are maintaining dual-fuel capabilities. Plans call for considerable growth of nuclear power in South Korea and China and modest increases in India and Taiwan. The feasibility of the official plans varies among the countries. Lack of public capital is leading towards greater reliance on private sector participation in power projects in many of the countries. Environmental issues are becoming a more significant constraint than in the past, particularly in the case of large-scale hydropower projects. The financial and environmental constraints are leading to a rising interest in methods of improving the efficiency of electricity supply and end use. The scale of such activities is growing in most of the study countries.

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Countries Commit to White Roofs, Potentially Offsetting the Countries Commit to White Roofs, Potentially Offsetting the Emissions of Over 300 Power Plants Countries Commit to White Roofs, Potentially Offsetting the Emissions of Over 300 Power Plants April 8, 2011 - 4:26pm Addthis Dr. Art Rosenfeld Distinguished Scientist Emeritus at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory What does this project do? Builds energy savings. Promotes heat island mitigation and public health benefits. Encourages global cooling. I am delighted to learn that India, Mexico, and the United States have signed up to join the Cool Roofs Working Group, announced yesterday at the second Clean Energy Ministerial in Abu Dhabi. This working group was offered as part of the Clean Energy Ministerial, which is a high-level global forum to promote policies and programs that advance clean energy

INDIAN COUNTRY ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKING GROUP ICEIWG May 29, 2013 Wild Horse Pass Hotel and Casino Chandler, Arizona MEETING OVERVIEW The U.S. Department of Energy Office (DOE) of Indian Energy (IE) hosted an Indian Country Energy and Infrastructure Working Group (ICEIWG) Meeting on Wednesday, May 29, 2013 in Chandler, Arizona. IE welcomed reappointed and new members to ICEIWG. The ICEIWG meeting was held prior to the seventh Tribal Leader Forum on "Leveraging Tribal Renewable Resources to Support Military Energy Goals." Arizona tribal leaders and intertribal organization representatives were encouraged to attend this meeting.

Program Organization Country Region Topic Sector Sector Program Organization Country Region Topic Sector Sector Albania Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies EC LEDS Albania Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies EC LEDS United States Agency for International Development USAID United States Environmental Protection Agency United States Department of Energy United States Department of Agriculture United States Department of State Albania Southern Asia Low emission development planning LEDS Energy Land Climate Algeria Clean Technology Fund CTF Algeria Clean Technology Fund CTF African Development Bank Asian Development Bank European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRD Inter American Development Bank IDB World Bank Algeria South Eastern Asia Background analysis Finance Implementation

CHARTER CHARTER INDIAN COUNTRY ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORK GROUP Official Designation Indian Country Energy and Infrastructure Working Group ("Working Group") Purpose The purpose of the Working Group is to provide advice and recommendations to the Director of the Office of Indian Energy Policy & Programs (OIE) and the Secretary of Energy with respect to the strategic planning and implementation of OIE's energy resource, energy business and energy infrastructure development policy and programs. Objectives and Scope of Activities and Duties The Working Group shall: (a) make recommendations to the Director of the Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs

Global Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Global Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Global Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Overview EIA expects production from countries outside of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to grow year-over-year by a record high of 1.9 million bbl/d in 2014. OPEC crude oil production is forecast to decline by 0.5 million bbl/d in 2014, mostly as a result of some OPEC producers cutting back production to accommodate non-OPEC supply growth. The projected decline in production by some OPEC producers increases in surplus crude oil production capacity, which grows from an average of 2.2 million bbl/d in 2013 to 2.7 million bbl/d in 2014. The call on OPEC crude oil and global stocks (world consumption less non-OPEC production and OPEC non-crude oil production) falls from an average 30.4 million bbl/d in 2013

Resources By Class Per Country Resources By Class Per Country Dataset Summary Description These estimates are derived from the best available solar resource datasets available to NREL by country. These vary in spatial resolution from 1 km to 1 degree (approximately 100 km) depending on the data source. High spatial resolution datasets (1 km to 40 km cells) were modeled to support country or regional projects. Where high resolution datasets were not available, data from NASA's Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy (SSE) version 6 database were used. The data represents total potential solar energy per year as a function of land area per solar class (KWh/mÂ²/day). Each solar class correlates to a specific 0.5 kWh/mÂ²/day range. Energy is calculated by multiplying the productive land by the class, conversion efficiency and number of days per year. In this case, a standard calendar year of 365 days was used. The conversion efficiency rate applied was 10%. (E = Productive Land * kWh/mÂ²/day * 365 days * 10% efficiency). The solar data has been derived from solar data measured or modeled between 1961 and 2008, depending on the dataset.

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Evaporative system for water and beverage refrigeration in hot countries A Saleh1 and MA Al-Nimr2 1 Abstract: The present study proposes an evaporative refrigerating system used to keep water or other are found to be consistent with the available literature data. Keywords: evaporative refrigeration, heat

...1974, RANN led in the effort to define a solar energy Relevanceof DemographicTransition...high-risk, high-payoff projects in solar energy research. The NSF is indeed responding...whereas in many coun-tries today (such as Tanzania and Iran) it is over 45 per thousand...

Telecommunication has been a necessity in all countries this century. Communication has always been an essential part of our lives, education, family relations, business, government and other organisational activities. As telecommunication technology has advanced, so has the need for the interception of telecommunications and access by law enforcement authorities. In addition, lawful interception and the way it is performed have played an important role in the effectiveness of the monitoring of communications. Telecommunications interception and access law should also place a great deal of importance on the privacy of the individual as well as the needs of national security, crime investigation, counter terrorism efforts and economic growth. This paper looks at the applicability of regulations aimed at controlling telecommunications interception and access law in Arab countries. The Australian telecommunications interception and access law is taken as a relevant template that can be examined in light of Arab countries needs and requirements. Various issues unique to Arab countries need to be examined prior to adopting the Australian framework wholesale.

The industrial sector accounts for over 50% of energy used in developing countries. Growth in this sector has been over 4.5% per year since 1980. Energy intensity trends for four energy-intensive sub-sectors (iron and steel, chemicals, building...

...related to the supply and demand for agricultural products...countries. On the supply side, agriculture is dominated...need of the market, the demand for food being highly...technology and improved management and organization can...more favourable supply/demand balance for agricultural...

This fact provides information on the Strategic Technical Assistance Response Team (START) Program, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs (DOE-IE) initiative to provide technical expertise to support the development of next-generation energy projects in Indian Country.

Electricity reform in developing and transition countries: A reappraisal J.H. Williams, R. Ghanadan-oriented reforms in their electric power sectors. Despite the widespread adoption of a standard policy model features of non-OECD electricity reform and reappraises reform policies and underlying assumptions

In 2008, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) began assisting selected non-nuclear weapon states in planning and preparing for implementation of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Additional Protocol (AP). Since then, the AP international implementation program has contributed to the substantial progress made by Vietnam, Thailand, Iraq, and Malaysia in preparing for entry-into-force of the AP. An overall engagement plan has been developed with components designed to train government AP implementing agencies, inform policy makers, conduct outreach to industry and universities, make AP reporting software available and useful, and plan a detailed approach for implementing the declaration and complementary access provisions of the AP. DOE recently began collaborating with Indonesia, which has already entered the AP into force, requiring a second method of engagement somewhat different from that taken with countries that have not entered the AP into force. The AP international implementation program, administered by the International Nuclear Safeguards and Engagement Program, is working more closely with DOE’s International Nonproliferation Export Control Program to ensure countries are aware of and prepared to implement the export/import provisions of the AP. As the AP implementation program matures and helps move countries closer to entry-into-force or improved AP implementation, it is identifying characteristics of a country’s “end-state” that indicate that DOE assistance is no longer required. The U.S. AP Implementation Act and Senate Resolution of Ratification require the Administration to report annually to Congress on measures taken to achieve the adoption of the AP in non-nuclear weapon states. DOE’s AP international implementation program is a significant part of these measures. This paper describes recent developments to increase the scope and effectiveness of the program.

Most of China’s imported crude oil comes from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and that proportion has...2007). Imports, especially, from the Middle East, also...2.7...shows the fluctuatio...

Energy in Brief article on the world supply of oil through ownership of national oil companies and, for some governments, their membership in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).

Non-OECD Non-OECD Countries December 1994 Energy Information Administration Office of Energy Markets and End Use U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or any other organization. Contacts Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Non-OECD Countries was prepared by the Energy Information Administration (EIA), Office of Energy Markets and End Use (EMEU). General questions concerning the content of the report may be referred to W. Calvin Kilgore (202-586-1617), Director of EMEU; Mark Rodekohr (202-586-1130), Director of Energy Markets and Contingency Information Division; or Derriel Cato (202-586-6574),

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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INDIAN COUNTRY ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKING GROUP ICEIWG March 14, 2013 Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino Las Vegas, Nevada MEETING OVERVIEW The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Indian Energy (IE) hosted an Indian Country Energy and Infrastructure Working Group (ICEIWG) Meeting on Thursday, March 14, 2013 in Las Vegas, Nevada. IE solicited nominations for new members to ICEIWG-current, new and potential new members, as well as other tribal leaders and intertribal organization representatives were encouraged to attend. PARTICIPANTS ICEIWG Members Barney Enos, District 4 Councilman, Gila River Indian Community Jim Manion, General Manager of Warm Springs Power, Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation William Micklin, CEO, Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians

INDIAN COUNTRY ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKING GROUP INDIAN COUNTRY ENERGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKING GROUP ICEIWG June 21, 2012 GOLDEN, COLORADO National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, Colorado 80401 AGENDA MEETING ROOM - NREL ROOM 344C THURSDAY, JUNE 21, 2012 9:00am MEET IN HOTEL LOBBY Denver Marriott West Hotel 1717 Denver West Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401 The hotel will provide a shuttle to take the group to NREL. Please be in the hotel lobby by 9:00am. Continental breakfast will be served onsite. 9:30am - 12:00pm WELCOME, INTRODUCTIONS & REVIEW OF AGENDA Tracey LeBeau, Director, U.S. DOE Office of Indian Energy INTRODUCTION OF ICEIWG MEMBERS New and current working group members will have the opportunity to introduce themselves and to share their tribe's expertise and interests in Indian

This report surveys world energy use and carbon emissions patterns, with particular emphasis on the non-OECD countries. The non OECD is important not only because it currently makes up 84% of world population, but because its energy consumption, carbon emissions, population, and grow domestic product have all been growing faster than OECD`s. This presentation has seven major sections: (1) overview of key trends in non-OECD energy use and carbon emissions since 1970; (2) Comparison and contrasting energy use and carbon emissions for five major non OEDC regions (former Soviet Union and eastern Europe, Pacific Rim including China, Latin America, other Asia; Africa; 3-7) presentation of aggregate and sectoral energy use and carbon emissions data for countries within each of the 5 regions.

This interdisciplinary research project focuses on relevant applications of Knowledge Discovery and Artificial Neural Networks in order to identify and analyze levels of country, business and political risk. Its main goal is to help business decision-makers understand the dynamics within the emerging market countries in which they operate. Most of the neural models applied in this study are defined within the framework of unsupervised learning. They are based on Exploratory Projection Pursuit, Topology Preserving Maps and Curvilinear Component Analysis. Two interesting real data sets are analyzed to empirically probe the robustness of these models. The first case study describes information from a significant sample of Spanish multinational enterprises (MNEs). It analyses data pertaining to such aspects as decisions over the location of subsidiary enterprises in various regions across the world, the importance accorded to such decisions and the driving forces behind them. Through a projection-based analysis, this study reveals a range of different reasons underlying the internationalization strategies of Spanish \\{MNEs\\} and the different goals they pursue. It may be concluded that projection connectionist techniques are of immense assistance in the process of identifying the internationalization strategies of Spanish MNEs, their underlying motives and the goals they pursue. The second case study covers several risk categories that include task policy, security, and political stability among others, and it tracks the scores of different countries all over the world. Interesting conclusions are drawn from the application of several business intelligence solutions based on neural projection models, which support data analysis in the context of country and political risk analysis.

Passive air samplers are particularly suitable for capturing POPs data in developing countries because they can operate without electricity and are much less expensive than the high-volume samplers conventionally used to capture POPs data. ... The GAPS data in the ES&T paper are the first to present a “coherent ‘big picture’ of the atmospheric occurrence and distribution of POPs on a global scale,” says Knut Breivik with the Norwegian Institute for Air Research. ...

The electrical power and energy is essential for the industrial sector of the countries which are transferring its social structure to the industry oriented one from the agrarian society. In Asian countries, this kind of transformation has actively been achieved in this century starting from Japan and followed by Korea, Taiwan, and it is more actively achieved in the countries of Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippine, India and China(PRC) in these days. It is valuable to review the effective utilizing of Power and Energy in the industrial sector of the developing countries. In this paper, it is therefore focussed to the captive power plants comparing those of utility companies such as government owned electrical power company and independent power company. It is noticed that major contribution to the electrical power generation in these days is largely dependent on the fossil fuel such as coal, oil and gas which are limited in source. Fossil energy reserves are assumed 1,194 trillion cubic meters or about 1,182 billion barrels of oil equivalent for natural gas 1,009 billion barrels for oil and at least 930 billion tons for coal in the world. According to the statistic data prepared by the World Energy Council, the fossil fuel contribution to electrical power generation records 92.3% in 1970 and 83.3% in 1990 in the world wide. Primary energy source for electrical power generation is shown in figure 1. It is therefore one of the most essential task of human being on how to utilize the limited fossil energy effectively and how to maximize the thermal efficiency in transferring the fossil fuel to usable energy either electrical power and energy or thermal energy of steam or hot/chilled water.

The New Zealand energy sector has undergone significant changes in the past few years. Reform and deregulation came to New Zealand in large doses and at a rapid pace. Unlike Japan where deregulation was designed for a five-year phase-in period or even Australia where the government was fully geared up to handle deregulation, deregulation occurred in New Zealand almost with no phase-in period and very little planning. Under fast-paced Rogernomics,'' the energy sector was but one more element of the economy to be deregulated and/or privatized. While the New Zealand energy sector deregulation is generally believed to have been successful, there are still outstanding questions as to whether the original intent has been fully achieved. The fact that a competent energy bureaucracy was mostly lost in the process makes it even more difficult to find those with long enough institutional memories to untangle the agreements and understandings between the government and the private sector over the previous decade. As part of our continuing assessment of Asia-Pacific energy markets, the Resources Programs at the East-West Center has embarked on a series of country studies that discuss in detail the structure of the energy sector in each major country in the region. To date, our reports to the US Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Energy Emergencies, have covered Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. The country studies also provide the reader with an overview of the economic and political situation in the various counties. We have particularly highlighted petroleum and gas issues in the country studies and have attempted to show the foreign trade implications of oil and gas trade. Finally, to the greatest extent possible, we have provided the latest available statistics.

Country using translocations. The potential benefits of translocations include establishing source populations (Nielsen 1988) for the further expansion of peccaries into their historic range. The usefulness of translocations in the restoration... of collared peccaries, however, has not been evaluated. 1 Translocations have been used in the restoration of mid- to large-sized mammal populations in many areas of the United States (Nielsen 1988). For example, use of translocations for Sitka black...

This report presents an overview of the current status and efficiency improvement potential of industrial motor systems in developing countries. Better management of electric motor systems is of particular relevance in developing countries, where improved efficiency can lead to increased productivity and slower growth in electricity demand. Motor systems currently consume some 65--80% of the industrial electricity in developing countries. Drawing on studies from Thailand, India, Brazil, China, Pakistan, and Costa Rica, we describe potential efficiency gains in various parts of the motor system, from the electricity delivery system through the motor to the point where useful work is performed. We report evidence of a significant electricity conservation potential. Most of the efficiency improvement methods we examine are very cost-effective from a societal viewpoint, but are generally not implemented due to various barriers that deter their adoption. Drawing on experiences in North America, we discuss a range of policies to overcome these barriers, including education, training, minimum efficiency standards, motor efficiency testing protocols, technical assistance programs, and financial incentives.

6 6 1 May 2006 Short-Term Energy Outlook May 9, 2006 Release Overview Crude oil prices surged in April and have now almost doubled over the last 2 years. While rising crude oil prices have slowed world petroleum demand growth, world consumption nevertheless rose by 3.8 million barrels per day (bbl/d) over this period. In 2004 production in both Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and non-OPECcountries increased to meet growing demand. In 2005 all of the increase in world production came from OPEC members, as Hurricanes Rita and Katrina pummeled U.S. production, which offset the production growth in other non-OPECcountries. World surplus crude oil production capacity, located

In the fall of 1988, agreement was reached on a collaborative effort between the four nuclear data evaluation projects which exist within the OECD countries. Those projects participating in this effort are the ENDF/B project in the United States, the JENDL project in Japan and the JEF and EFF projects in Western Europe. The cooperation among these projects has been proceeding under the sponsorship of the NEA Committee on Reactor Physics and the NEA Nuclear Data Committee since 1989. The goals and accomplishments of the Working Group on Evaluation Cooperation and the work of its seven ongoing projects are briefly described. 6 refs.

The Vehicle Technologies Office's Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity carries out testing on a wide range of advanced vehicles and technologies on dynamometers, closed test tracks, and on-the-road. These results provide benchmark data that researchers can use to develop technology models and guide future research and development. The following reports describe results of testing done on a Chrysler Town and Country PHEV 2011, an experimental model not currently for sale. The baseline performance testing provides a point of comparison for the other test results. Taken together, these reports give an overall view of how this vehicle functions under extensive testing. This research was conducted by Idaho National Laboratory.

This report examines the current status of national energy planning in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama. A framework is provided that divides energy planning activities into two broad categories: the fundamental tasks'' and the bounding conditions.'' The fundamental tasks of energy planning include the gathering and systematizing of data, conducting energy situation analyses and short- or long-term planning for the country, and defining and implementing national energy plans. While the bonding conditions are situations that preclude completion of fundamental tasks, such as level of technical expertise. 20 refs., 11 figs., 2 tabs.

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1 Economic freedom in Muslim countries: an explanation using the theory of institutional path dependency Abstract. This article explains the level of economic freedom in Muslim countries through, on the world of institutional possibilities. Keywords Economic freedom, colonisation, imaginary, Islam

While most of the world's population resides in countries that are wealthy or developing, the rest reside in low-income and least developed countries (LDCs), left behind and growing more disconnected. At the same time, ...

Studies increasingly show that Indian country may be uniquely positioned to develop alternative energy. Indian country in general constitutes a significant portion of land in the United States. In recognition of the increasing interest...

June 2003 June 2003 1 Short-Term Energy Outlook June 2003 Overview World Oil Markets. Average crude oil prices rose in May as continued reports of low oil inventories trumped expectations that Iraqi oil production would quickly return to pre-war levels. Those hopes faded on the news that post-war looting would postpone for some months the return of the Iraqi oil sector to normal operations. In addition, a terrorist attack in Saudi Arabia and estimates of lower production in Saudi Arabia by some analysts combined to push prices upward. By early June, the OPEC basket price had risen to its highest level in two months, and is now in the upper end of OPEC's target range of $22-$28 per barrel (Figure 1). U.S. Natural Gas Markets. The natural gas spot price at the Henry Hub has remained well above $5 per

In many developing countries there is a much larger potential for renewables like wind and solar energy than in industrialised countries. But there are obstacles that prevent the adoption of such “new” renewables in developing countries. Ulrich Laumanns and Danyel Reiche try to identify the most important obstacles and point to success conditions that can lead to a wider dissemination of “new” renewables in developing countries.

Fast pyrolysis of biomass is becoming increasingly important in some member countries of the International Energy Agency (IEA). Six countries have joined the IEA Task 34 of the Bioenergy Activity: Canada, Finland, Germany, Netherlands, UK, and USA. The National Task Leaders give an overview of the current activities in their countries both on research, pilot and demonstration level.

Do corporate political strategies differ from one country to the next ? The case of France in particular to determine if corporate political actions differ from one country to the next. To answer. Then, variance analysis is used to modelize corporate political strategies in both countries. Keywords

In the current era of worldwide stock market interdependencies, the global financial village has become increasingly vulnerable to systemic collapse. The recent global financial crisis has highlighted the necessity of understanding and quantifying interdependencies among the world's economies, developing new effective approaches to risk evaluation, and providing mitigating solutions. We present a methodological framework for quantifying interdependencies in the global market and for evaluating risk levels in the world-wide financial network. The resulting information will enable policy and decision makers to better measure, understand, and maintain financial stability. We use the methodology to rank the economic importance of each industry and country according to the global damage that would result from their failure. Our quantitative results shed new light on China's increasing economic dominance over other economies, including that of the USA, to the global economy.

- December 2007 - December 2007 1 December 2007 Short-Term Energy Outlook December 11, 2007 Release Highlights Global oil markets will likely remain tight through the forecast period. EIA projects that world oil demand will grow much faster than oil supply outside of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), leaving OPEC and inventories to offset the resultant upward pressure on prices. However, at last week's meeting in Abu Dhabi, OPEC decided to maintain its existing production quotas, noting that, in its view, the global oil market continued to be well supplied. Additional factors contributing to expectations that prices will remain high and volatile through 2008 include ongoing geopolitical risks,

How Much Wood Would a North Country School Chip How Much Wood Would a North Country School Chip How Much Wood Would a North Country School Chip November 3, 2011 - 11:19am Addthis This is the North Country School's 32,000-square-foot main building. Aligning with the school's commitment to a simple, sustainable lifestyle, the school is heated with a wood chip boiler that uses wood sourced from their sustainably managed woodlot and local forests. | Courtesy of North Country School This is the North Country School's 32,000-square-foot main building. Aligning with the school's commitment to a simple, sustainable lifestyle, the school is heated with a wood chip boiler that uses wood sourced from their sustainably managed woodlot and local forests. | Courtesy of North Country School Alice Dasek Project Officer, Department of Energy State Energy Program

Announces New Indian Country Energy and Announces New Indian Country Energy and Infrastructure Working Group Members DOE Office of Indian Energy Announces New Indian Country Energy and Infrastructure Working Group Members April 24, 2013 - 6:11pm Addthis Through the Indian Country Energy and Infrastructure Working Group (ICEIWG), the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Indian Energy works to collaborate with and seek out real-time tribal expertise and experiences representing obstacles and opportunities in energy and related infrastructure development as well as capacity building in Indian Country. The ICEIWG represents the Department's commitment to work collaboratively with Indian Country, and the goal of this active, ongoing dialogue is to reflect the priorities and needs of Indian Country to the Energy Secretary

How Much Wood Would a North Country School Chip How Much Wood Would a North Country School Chip How Much Wood Would a North Country School Chip November 3, 2011 - 11:19am Addthis This is the North Country School's 32,000-square-foot main building. Aligning with the school's commitment to a simple, sustainable lifestyle, the school is heated with a wood chip boiler that uses wood sourced from their sustainably managed woodlot and local forests. | Courtesy of North Country School This is the North Country School's 32,000-square-foot main building. Aligning with the school's commitment to a simple, sustainable lifestyle, the school is heated with a wood chip boiler that uses wood sourced from their sustainably managed woodlot and local forests. | Courtesy of North Country School Alice Dasek Project Officer, Department of Energy State Energy Program

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3 3 1 Short-Term Energy Outlook May 2003 Overview World Oil Markets. The April 24 meeting of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) raised official quotas for members (excluding Iraq) by 0.9 million barrels per day from the previous (suspended) quota to 25.4 million barrels per day. OPEC members also sought tighter compliance with quotas, calling for production cuts of 2 million barrels per day from April levels. We expect these measures to result in an average total OPEC (including Iraq) crude oil production rate of about 26.7 million barrels per day in the second and third quarters. This production level is not significantly different from our base case assumptions in last month's report. Individual OPECcountry shares of these output levels will depend upon the speed with which

Green buildings uses processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle. In these buildings Certain energy conservative and environment friendly steps are considered and implemented from design, construction, operation, maintenance and renovation. In present era no doubt new technologies are constantly constructed and used in creating greener structures, energy efficient buildings. The common objective is to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health using available energy efficiently. To increase the efficiency of the System or the building, Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power, or biomasscan significantly reduce the environmental impact of the building. Power generation is generally the most expensive feature to add to a building. Any how power generation using renewable sources that is Solar system may further enhance energy conservation ideas. Power Factor improvement can also be another source of efficient tool for efficient use of Electrical Energy in green buildings. In developing countries a significant amount of Electrical Energy can be conserved and System efficiency as a whole can be increased by Power Factor correction. The reverse flow of power can be locally engaged instead of creating extra stress and opposition to the existing grid lines.

OPEC’s actual production was mainly unrestricted until the 1973 Arab oil embargo. ... On the basis of the analysis of all 47 investigated oil producing countries, the results of our study estimated that the world ultimate reserve of crude oil is around 2140 BSTB and that 1161 BSTB are remaining to be produced as of 2005 year end. ... MSTB/D = thousand stock tank barrels per day ...

renewable energy is greater than in industrialized of these technologies in developing countriesin developing countries. such as renewable energydeveloping encourage development investments countries. in Appropriate energy mitigation renewable

World Oil Markets World Oil Markets International Energy Outlook 2004 World Oil Markets In the IEO2004 forecast, OPEC export volumes are expected to more than double while non-OPEC suppliers maintain their edge over OPEC in overall production. Prices are projected to rise gradually through 2025 as the oil resource base is further developed. Throughout most of 2003, crude oil prices remained near the top of the range preferred by producers in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), $22 to $28 per barrel for the OPEC Â“basket price.Â” OPEC producers continued to demonstrate disciplined adherence to announced cutbacks in production. Throughout 2003, the upward turn in crude oil prices was brought about by a combination of three factors. First, a general strike against the Chavez regime resulted in a sudden loss of much of VenezuelaÂ’s oil exports. Although the other OPEC producers agreed to increase their production capacities to make up for the lost Venezuelan output, the obvious strain on worldwide spare capacity kept prices high. Second, price volatility was exacerbated by internal conflict in Nigeria. Third, prospects for a return to normalcy in the Iraqi oil sector remained uncertain as residual post-war turmoil continued in Iraq.

advisories discouraging travel to countries with heightened and sometimes uncontrollable risks necessity, duration, specific location, measures taken to mitigate risks, previous travel experience or faculty research grant monies) can only be released once the Office of International Programs (OIP

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This paper compares and contrasts environmental philanthropy, environmental behavior, and their determinants among university students in five countries: Canada, Germany, Israel, South Korea, and the United St...

Iron and steel production consumes enormous quantities of energy, especially in developing countries where outdated, inefficient technologies are still used to produce iron and steel. Carbon dioxide emissions from steel production, which range between 5 and 15% of total country emissions in key developing countries (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa), will continue to grow as these countries develop and as demand for steel products such as materials, automobiles, and appliances increases. In this report, we describe the key steel processes, discuss typical energy-intensity values for these processes, review historical trends in iron and steel production by process in five key developing countries, describe the steel industry in each of the five key developing countries, present international comparisons of energy use and carbon dioxide emissions among these countries, and provide our assessment of the technical potential to reduce these emissions based on best-practice benchmarking. Using a best practice benchmark, we find that significant savings, in the range of 33% to 49% of total primary energy used to produce steel, are technically possible in these countries. Similarly, we find that the technical potential for reducing intensities of carbon dioxide emissions ranges between 26% and 49% of total carbon dioxide emissions from steel production in these countries.

Ramon Castano highlights healthcare delivery systems in developing countries need innovative business solutions to address current shortcomings, and proposes six buiding blocks which can be implemented.

Isenberg and Potvin 1 Financing REDD in Developing Countries: A Supply and Demand Analysis.1 2 3 4 at the centre of negotiations on a renewed international2 climate regime. Developing countries made it clear Jordan Isenberg was an intern at the Climate Change office of Panama's National22 Authority

efficiency, whereas the Philippines is the least efficient. Regarding organizational form, the resultsEfficiency in the international insurance industry: A cross-country comparison Martin Eling undÂ¨AT ULM #12;Efficiency in the international insurance industry: A cross-country comparison Martin Elinga

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visitors to Moors Valley Country Park use the play trail. Â· Sport England's South West Regional PlanMoors Valley Play Trail objectives Moors Valley Country Park is a very popular attraction welcoming more than 750,000 visitors a year. Ranked in the top 20 national attractions Moors Valley is deemed

This paper is a qualitative study regarding m-government in a developing country in Eastern Europe with a poor infrastructure and a democratic history-Albania. To understand why m-government is unavoidable and necessary for Albania, the authors provide ... Keywords: Albania, Developing Country, IT Infrastructure, SEE, e-Government, m-Government

Supporting Private Healthcare in Developing Countries: The GHG Debates Oxfam in the British programmes in poor countries, says Oxfam." The GHG and Oxfam Debate the Private Sector in the BMJ In March, Dominic Montagu, the GHG's Health System Initiative Lead, analyzed the report and found several

In Case of ASEAN 5 Countries Hazman Samsudin 1,2* 1 PhD in Economics student at Faculty of Business along with the role of institutional quality in ASEAN-5 countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. In recent years ASEAN-5 have been subjected to rapid economic growth

This report presents an energy assessment of six Central American countries - Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama - to assist these countries in defining, planning, and meeting energy requirements implicit in their economic and social development goals and also to assist the U.S. Agency for International Development and other development organizations in defining energy programs in Central America.

Under its Support for National Action Plans (SNAP) initiative, the U.S. Country Studies Program is providing financial and technical assistance to 18 countries for the development of climate change action plans. Although most of the countries have not yet completed their plans, the important lessons learned thus far are valuable and should be shared with other countries and international institutions that have an interest in the process of action plan development. This interim report describes the experience of 11 countries that are the furthest along in their planning activity and who have offered to share their results to date with the larger community of interested nations. These action plans delineate specific mitigation and adaptation measures that the countries will implement and integrate into their ongoing development programs. This report focuses on the measures the countries have selected and the methods they used to prepare their action plans. This executive summary presents key lessons and common themes using a structure similar to that used in the individual country chapters.

Wind Energy in Indian Country: Turning to Wind for the Seventh Generation by Andrew D. Mills: ___________________________________________ Jane Stahlhut Date #12;Wind Energy in Indian Country A.D. Mills Abstract - ii - Abstract Utility for the purpose of economic development. The aim of this project is to show how wind energy projects on tribal

Bottom Up and Country Led: A New Framework for Climate Action Bottom Up and Country Led: A New Framework for Climate Action Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Bottom Up and Country Led: A New Framework for Climate Action Agency/Company /Organization: Booz and Company Sector: Energy, Land, Climate Topics: Low emission development planning Resource Type: Publications Website: www.booz.com/global/home/what_we_think/reports_and_white_papers/ic-dis Cost: Free Bottom Up and Country Led: A New Framework for Climate Action Screenshot References: Bottom Up and Country Led: A New Framework for Climate Action[1] "As delegates gather for the Climate Change Conference in Cancun in late 2010, they can benefit from familiarizing themselves with the set of tools available for mitigation and adaptation, as well as how these tools can fit

8 8 1 January 2008 Short-Term Energy Outlook January 8, 2008 Release Highlights This edition of the Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) includes forecasts through 2009. Global oil markets will likely remain tight through 2008, then ease moderately in 2009. EIA projects that world oil demand will continue to grow faster than oil supply outside of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in 2008, leaving OPEC and inventories to offset the upward pressure on prices. In 2009, higher non-OPEC production and planned additions to OPEC capacity should relieve some of the tightness in the market. As a result, the level of surplus production capacity is projected to grow from its current

... and industrial applications of solar energy at the King Faisal University, Dammam; and water desalination research at the King Abdulaziz University, in Jeddah."I hope it's just ... King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah. The project is designed to familiarise students with unconventional seawater desalination method b^ed on solar energy. A solar collector farm will be linked to ...

Declining natural resources, rising oil prices, looming climate change and the introduction of nuclear energy partnerships, such as GNEP, have reinvigorated global interest in nuclear energy. The convergence of such issues has prompted countries to move ahead quickly to deal with the challenges that lie ahead. However, developing countries, in particular, often lack the domestic infrastructure and public support needed to implement a nuclear energy program in a safe, secure, and nonproliferation-conscious environment. How might countries become ready for nuclear energy? What is needed is a framework for assessing a country's readiness for nuclear energy. This paper suggests that a Nuclear Energy Readiness Indicator (NERI) Index might serve as a meaningful basis for assessing a country's status in terms of progress toward nuclear energy utilization under appropriate conditions. The NERI Index is a benchmarking tool that measures a country's level of 'readiness' for nonproliferation-conscious nuclear energy development. NERI first identifies 8 key indicators that have been recognized by the International Atomic Energy Agency as key nonproliferation and security milestones to achieve prior to establishing a nuclear energy program. It then measures a country's progress in each of these areas on a 1-5 point scale. In doing so NERI illuminates gaps or underdeveloped areas in a country's nuclear infrastructure with a view to enable stakeholders to prioritize the allocation of resources toward programs and policies supporting international nonproliferation goals through responsible nuclear energy development. On a preliminary basis, the indicators selected include: (1) demonstrated need; (2) expressed political support; (3) participation in nonproliferation and nuclear security treaties, international terrorism conventions, and export and border control arrangements; (4) national nuclear-related legal and regulatory mechanisms; (5) nuclear infrastructure; (6) the utilization of IAEA technical assistance; (7) participation in regional arrangements; and (8) public support for nuclear power. In this paper, the Index aggregates the indicators and evaluates and compares the level of readiness in seven countries that have recently expressed various degrees of interest in establishing a nuclear energy program. The NERI Index could be a valuable tool to be utilized by: (1) country officials who are considering nuclear power; (2) the international community, desiring reassurance of a country's capacity for the peaceful, safe, and secure use of nuclear energy; (3) foreign governments/NGO's, seeking to prioritize and direct resources toward developing countries; and (4) private stakeholders interested in nuclear infrastructure investment opportunities.

NREL developed the Geospatial Toolkit (GsT), a map-based software application that integrates resource data and geographic information systems (GIS) for integrated resource assessment. A variety of agencies within countries, along with global datasets, provided country-specific data. Originally developed in 2005, the Geospatial Toolkit was completely redesigned and re-released in November 2010 to provide a more modern, easier-to-use interface with considerably faster analytical querying capabilities. Toolkits are available for 21 countries and each one can be downloaded separately. The source code for the toolkit is also available. [Taken and edited from http://www.nrel.gov/international/geospatial_toolkits.html

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Participates in Five-Country Energy Participates in Five-Country Energy Ministerial in Japan U.S. Secretary of Energy Participates in Five-Country Energy Ministerial in Japan June 7, 2008 - 12:51pm Addthis Signs Methane Hydrates Agreement WASHINGTON - U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman and top government officials from China, India, Japan, and Korea participated in discussions related to energy security challenges, emergency preparedness, investment climate, energy efficiency and diversification at the Five-Country Energy Ministerial held in Aomori, Japan. Secretary Bodman led a session on global investment regimes, where he highlighted the importance of open, transparent investment climates and predictable legal and regulatory systems to encourage investment in the next-generation of energy

U.S. Secretary of Energy Participates in Five-Country Energy U.S. Secretary of Energy Participates in Five-Country Energy Ministerial in Japan U.S. Secretary of Energy Participates in Five-Country Energy Ministerial in Japan June 7, 2008 - 12:51pm Addthis Signs Methane Hydrates Agreement WASHINGTON - U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman and top government officials from China, India, Japan, and Korea participated in discussions related to energy security challenges, emergency preparedness, investment climate, energy efficiency and diversification at the Five-Country Energy Ministerial held in Aomori, Japan. Secretary Bodman led a session on global investment regimes, where he highlighted the importance of open, transparent investment climates and predictable legal and regulatory systems to encourage investment in the next-generation of energy

This brief paper uses a simple arithmetic framework to classify and explain the performance of developing countries in closing the absolute digital divide. Four categories are created on the basis of two variable...

The objective of this thesis is to create a questionnaire that tests how designers in developing countries design with scarce resources. The questionnaire will be given to mechanical engineering students in Mexico and will ...

Policy and planning for the provision of water supply and sanitation services in developing countries. Reviews available technologies, but emphasizes the planning and policy process, including economic, social, environmental, ...

Interest in energy conservation, although to some degree cyclical, has been stimulated during the last twenty years by the rising cost of energy in a wide range of developing and developed countries, especially following ...

Buildings are one of the world's largest consumers of energy, yet measures to reduce energy consumption are often ignored during the building design process. In developing countries, enormous numbers of new residential ...

As part of a multidisciplinary research project on relevant applications of Exploratory Projection Pursuit, this study sets out to examine levels of country and political risk that are assumed by a sample of...

This report is addressed at modelling energy-economy interactions in small developing countries, those with populations less than 20 million or so and where neither the industrial or energy sectors are dominant. The overall ...

This study examines the relative efficiency of the R&D process across a group of 22 developed and developing countries using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The R&D technical efficiency is examined using a model...

Organizations in developed countries such as the United States of America and Canada face difficulties and challenges in technology transfer from one organization to another; the complexity of problems easily compounds when such transfers are attempted ...

are highly dependent on energy, should be the preferred solution to develop and achieve a sustainable and secure economy. This paper describes policies for energy conservation adopted by developed industrialized countries such as Japan, Germany, France...

A large number of people living with Tuberculosis/HIV fail treatment and develop resistance to drugs as they fail to maintain proper drug adherence. With the growing crisis of inadequate healthcare workforce in developing countries, mHealth services ...

Biomass cookstoves are at the nexus of food and energy poverty in developing countries. Superficially, biomass-fueled cookstove s are simple objects that contain a fire and transfer energy to a surface or v...

Biomass cookstoves are at the nexus of food and energy poverty in developing countries. Superficially, biomass-fueled cookstove s are simple objects that contain a fire and transfer energy to a surface or v...

Sample records for opec countries saudi from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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One of the growing agricultural subsectors in developing countries is livestock. Livestock and livestock products account for a third of the agricultural gross output. However, the lack of viable livestock market information systems to increase...

Observations and summaries were made on 181 surveys of urban dwelling environments in developing countries, carried out by members of the Urban Settlement Design Program (U.S.D.P.), at MIT. The focus of this study is in ...

What is Tribal Historic Preservation? A GUIDE TO TRIBAL HISTORIC PRESERVATION IN INDIAN COUNTRY of Contents What is Tribal Historic Preservation.................................................................4 What does a Tribal Historic Preservation Officer Do. ..........................................4

Can improved technology uptake in developing countries promote cultural sustainability and enable the production of endogenous solutions for development? This thesis, which focuses on technology dissemination for the benefit ...

and Communication Technology (ICT), The Environment, Climate Change, Mitigation, Adaptation, Developing Countries technologies and applications. This review focuses on the role of ICTs in climate change mitigation, mitigating other environmental pressures and climate change adaptation, providing an overview and pointing

countries Saleem H. Ali University of Vermont, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, 151 S. This is especially true since gold is eminently recyclable and is primarily used for ornamentation. However, the key

When countries are compared in terms of their carbon emission intensities, carbon emissions are normally considered as a function of either energy consumption, GDP, population or any other suitable variable. These can be termed as partial indicators as they consider emissions as a function of only one variable. Simultaneous consideration of more variables affecting carbon emissions is relatively complex. In this paper, several variables are simultaneously considered in comparing carbon emissions of countries using a new mathematical programming methodology, called the Data Envelopment Analysis. We have illustrated the use of the methodology with four variables representing CO2 emissions, energy consumption and economic activity. The illustrative analysis shows that Luxembourg, Norway, Sudan, Switzerland and Tanzania have been considered the most efficient countries, followed by India and Nigeria. Central European countries such as Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic, and South Africa are the least efficient.

Analysis of the structure and operation of government systems in developing countries, with particular emphasis on regional and local governments. Major topics include: the role of decentralization in national economic ...

The number of Neurosurgeons (NS) per population varies considerably among these countries. The mean is one neurosurgeon per 99,152 population. The number of neurosurgical operations per population per year varies...

Empowering Actions to Save Energy Across the Country Empowering Actions to Save Energy Across the Country Empowering Actions to Save Energy Across the Country August 31, 2010 - 7:30am Addthis Eric Barendsen Energy Technology Program Specialist, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy I think about energy a lot, and I'm always looking to get other people to think more consciously about energy and the ways they use it. I frequently send links to my friends and family to interesting websites and stories about people tackling our energy issues at home and at work. I also can't help but spread the word on Facebook and Twitter about what people are doing across the country to get smart about saving energy. Some of my favorite reminders of the rapid strides we are taking toward a clean energy future are the daily stories we feature on our Energy Empowers

This introductory course is structured to cultivate the key sensibilities necessary for effective planning practice in newly industrializing countries. The word "sensibility" refers to an awareness of key developmental ...

Previous research confirms there are differences between men and women concerning website design preferences. A few researchers have further suggested website preferences based on gender (i.e. whether one is a man or a woman) differ in countries that are typically considered higher in masculinity versus higher in femininity. As such, this supposes fewer differences exist between men and women in more feminine societies, while more significant differences occur in more masculine societies. To test this assumption, we survey a total of 955 participants located in six countries. More particularly, we examine design constructs of Information Content, Navigation Design, Visual Design modeled to Website Trust and Website Satisfaction. We are interested to determine if gender differences are strong in higher masculinity countries and weak in lower masculinity countries. We also investigate if gender moderates the various relationships in our model. As predicted, in higher masculinity countries there are more differences between men and women, and gender is more likely to moderate the relationships in the model. This research has implications for the complexity of website design preferences, and extends earlier work on website design in a multiple country sample where masculinity–femininity differs. Theoretical contributions and design issues are elaborated.

This paper studies the R&D behaviour of fast growing SMEs using CIS III data for 16 countries. We group the countries ... technological development. Our first finding is that R&D is more important to high-growth ...

The paper studies the long-run relation and short-run dynamics between real oil prices and real exchange rates in a sample of 13 oil-exporting countries. The purpose of the study ... countries, we also find that ...

The subject of this paper is the examination the convergence of per capita carbon dioxide emissions of the G7 countries during the 1960– ... Kingdom was the transition country whose per capita carbon dioxide (CO2

A long line of research investigates whether the retail prices of electricity and natural gas send proper signals about scarcity in order to induce efficient consumption. Historically, regulated utilities have not designed ...

. Knittel By the end of 1972, things were great for oil. Prices were on a steady downward trend, falling prices coincides with increases in US oil consumption. Consumption in- creased dramatically from 0 by the end of 1973. World oil prices rose sharply to an average of $52.85 (in 2011 dollars) dur- ing 1974