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About Science Prof OnlineScience Prof Online PowerPoint Resources Science Prof Online (SPO) is a free science education website that provides fully-developed Virtual Science Classrooms, science-related PowerPoints, articles and images. The site is designed to be a helpful resource for students, educators, and anyone interested in learning about science. The SPO Virtual Classrooms offer many educational resources, including practice test questions, review questions, lecture PowerPoints, video tutorials, sample assignments and course syllabi. New materials are continually being developed, so check back frequently, or follow us on Facebook (Science Prof Online) or Twitter (ScienceProfSPO) for updates. Many SPO PowerPoints are available in a variety of formats, such as fully editable PowerPoint files, as well as uneditable versions in smaller file sizes, such as PowerPoint Shows and Portable Document Format (.pdf), for ease of printing. Images used on this resource, and on the SPO website are, wherever possible, credited and linked to their source. Any words underlined and appearing in blue are links that can be clicked on for more information. PowerPoints must be viewed in slide show mode to use the hyperlinks directly. Several helpful links to fun and interactive learning tools are included throughout the PPT and on the Smart Links slide, near the end of each presentation. You must be in slide show mode to utilize hyperlinks and animations. This digital resource is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ Alicia Cepaitis, MS Chief Creative Nerd Science Prof Online Online Education Resources, LLC alicia@scienceprofonline.com From the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comVirtual Cell Biology ClassroomScienceProfOnline.com Image: Compound microscope objectives, T. Port Tami Port, MS Creator of Science Prof Online Chief Executive Nerd Science Prof Online Online Education Resources, LLC info@scienceprofonline.com

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Everyday Science In chemistry, organic does NOT mean all natural and healthy. For example gasoline, nicotine, many pesticides and drugs, including crystal meth, are all carbon based organic molecules, but definitely NOT good for you! Image: Chemical structure of meth, Wiki; Woman over course of 10 years of meth use, Don HankinsChemical structure of methWoman over course of 10 years of meth use From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comScienceProfOnline.com

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Example: Estrogen and Testosterone Only differ slightly in structure, but have very different effects in a mammal Only small differences in structure can result in very different biological functions. estradiol testosterone From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comScienceProfOnline.com Images: Male lion, Testosterone molecule, Estradiol molecule, Female lion, WikiMale lionTestosterone molecule Estradiol moleculeFemale lion

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Carbon Little Atom, Big Deal The chemical basis of life. This element is abundant in all known life forms. Structure of all living things are molecules built on a carbon frame work, such as DNA, sugars, fats and proteins. Images: Carbon, Universe Today Website; Isobutane, WikiUniverse Today Isobutane From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comScienceProfOnline.com Video: That’s Why Carbon Is a Tramp from Crash Course Biology

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What’s so special about carbon? #1 Carbon has 4 valence electrons. So each carbon atom can form ___ covalent bonds. Most commonly forms bonds with hydrogen. From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comScienceProfOnline.com Image: Methane Covalent Bonds, Dynablast, Wiki;Methane Covalent Bonds

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There can be single, double or even triple bonds between carbon atoms. A single bond forms when a pair of electrons are shared in a covalent bond. A double bond forms when two pairs of electrons shared, A triple bond when three pairs of electrons shared. Images: Carbon, Universe Today Website; Chemical bonds, WikiUniverse Today Chemical bonds What’s so special about carbon? #2 From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comScienceProfOnline.com

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Single vs. Double Bonds The difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids Saturated fats Mostly from animal sources. Single bonds between the carbons in their fatty acid tails (all carbons are bonded to max number of hydrogens possible). Hydrocarbon chains fairly straight and packed closely together … so ______at room temperature. Unsaturated fats (oils) Mostly from plant sources. Have double bonds between some carbons in the hydrocarbon tail, causing bends or “kinks” in shape. Kinks in hydrocarbon tails, so unsaturated fats can’t pack closely together … ________ at room temp. From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comScienceProfOnline.com

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Carbon backbone of an organic molecule can be arranged many different ways. Long straight chains, branched or arranged in closed rings (cyclic compounds). Images: Carbon, Universe Today Website; Isobutane, WikiUniverse Today Isobutane What’s so special about carbon? #3 From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comScienceProfOnline.com

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Isomers: Organic compounds can have isomers. Same molecular formula but structurally different in some way. Have different chemical properties. Functional Groups: Organic compounds very similar structure can have slightly just a few different atoms, called functional groups, that make the molecules have very different chemical properties. Images: Carbon, Universe Today WebsiteUniverse Today What’s so special about carbon? #4 Colorless gasBooze From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comScienceProfOnline.com

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Functional groups = specific groups of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. Addition of other elements to carbon skeleton. Replace H’s on the carbon backbone. Note how only small differences in molecular structure can give rise to very different biological functions. Importance of Functional Groups estradiol testosterone From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comScienceProfOnline.com Images: Male lion, Testosterone molecule, Estradiol molecule, Female lion, WikiMale lionTestosterone molecule Estradiol moleculeFemale lion

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Confused? Here are some links to fun resources that further explain Chemistry: Organic Chemistry Main Page on the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom of Science Prof Online.Organic Chemistry Main Page Science Prof Online “What Kind of Bonds Are These?” song and slide show by Mark Rosengarten“What Kind of Bonds Are These?” Carbon Main Page on Chem4Kids website.Carbon Main Page “Chemistry” a song by Kimya Dawson.“Chemistry” Chem4Kids website by Rader.Chem4Kids “Better Living Through Chemistry” a song by Queens of the Stone Age.Better Living Through Chemistry “Chemistry” a song by Rush.“Chemistry” (You must be in PPT slideshow view to click on links.) From the Virtual Biology Classroom on ScienceProfOnline.comScienceProfOnline.com