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10 Catalytic effect of PtRuCNT 1 M H 2 SO 4 1 M H 2 SO 4 0.1 M HCOOH 0.1 M HCOOH Forward peaks are not resolved as well as using PtCNT. Forward peaks are not resolved as well as using PtCNT. Peak current was enhanced with PtRu CNT. Peak current was enhanced with PtRu CNT.

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17 Summary of PtRuCNT It is effective towards formic acid oxidation. (Highest peak current with PtRuCNT). It is effective towards formic acid oxidation. (Highest peak current with PtRuCNT). There is no significant difference in activation energies. There is no significant difference in activation energies. PtRuCNT has higher turn over rate. PtRuCNT has higher turn over rate.

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18 Catalytic Effect of PtBiCNT 1 M H 2 SO 4 1 M H 2 SO 4 0.1 M HCOOH 0.1 M HCOOH Position of the forward peak of PtBiCNT was almost same as the backward peak. Position of the forward peak of PtBiCNT was almost same as the backward peak. PtBiCNT had lower current output than PtCNT. PtBiCNT had lower current output than PtCNT.

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25 Conclusion PtRu was possible to enhance formic acid oxidation through reaction 2. PtRu was possible to enhance formic acid oxidation through reaction 2. Binary catalyst with bi-functional effect, i.e. PtRuCNT, did not affect on the activation energy of formic acid oxidation. Binary catalyst with bi-functional effect, i.e. PtRuCNT, did not affect on the activation energy of formic acid oxidation. With PtBiCNT, major reaction was reaction 1, which had the lower oxidation potential than reaction 2. With PtBiCNT, major reaction was reaction 1, which had the lower oxidation potential than reaction 2. PtBiCNT catalyst did not improve the catalytic activity towards formic acid oxidation. PtBiCNT catalyst did not improve the catalytic activity towards formic acid oxidation. PtBiCNT caused large increase in activation energy indicating effective suppression of reaction 2. PtBiCNT caused large increase in activation energy indicating effective suppression of reaction 2.

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26 Improvement of formic acid oxidation can be achieved by using catalyst with third body effect. Improvement of formic acid oxidation can be achieved by using catalyst with third body effect. We need to prepare more active PtBi CNT. We need to prepare more active PtBi CNT. Conclusion