kinetic theory states that all matter is made of particles that are in constant motion

kinetic energy is energy of motion

temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of particle

3Heat Energy and Temperature

heat is energy that is transfered from one object to another

energy is transfered from higher to lower temperature objects

there is a maximum speed that molecules or atoms of an object can travel before changing phase

4Solids

intermolecular forces are very strong

particles remain relatively fixed

particles are closely packed and travel a distance equal to only a fraction of their diameter.

have a definate shape and volume

5Liquids

particles are limited in their motion because of intermolecular forces

particles travel in a straight-line by sliping past each other (stay in contact and are dependent on each other)

have a definate volume but assume the shape of their containers

6Gases

particles are independent of each other

travel randomly in straight lines

assume the shape and volume of their container

have very weak intermolecular forces except in cases of extreme temperature and pressure

7Plasma

matter is heated to extreame temperatures

electrons are knocked away from atoms

matter is composed of electrons and postive ions

most of the universe is made of plasma including stars

many lasers are made of compounds in a plasma state

8Solids, Liquids,Gases,Plasmaand Molecular Movement

given the same substance

as phases change from a solid to a plasma

the average kinetic energy (molecular movement) of particles increases

temperature of the solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is limited because of the molecular speed (after max speed phase change occurs)

9Colligative Properties

you can change the boiling point or freezing point of a substance by adding particles of another substance

the number of particles are the only thing that is important not the composition of the added substance

boiling point elevation

freezing point depression

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