Their brief, obscenity-laced performance, which implored the Virgin Mary to "throw Putin out", enraged the Orthodox Church - its leader Patriarch Kirill said it amounted to blasphemy.

Mr Putin was elected for a third term as president two weeks later.

Alyokhina, Tolokonnikova and Samutsevich, watching Friday's proceedings from inside a glass-walled cage in the courtroom, smiled as the widely predicted conviction was announced.

The judge then took three hours to read the verdict, before handing down "two years deprivation of liberty in a penal colony" for each defendant.

They are in jail because it is Putin's personal revenge"Alexei Navalny, Opposition leader

"Considering the nature and degree of the danger posed by what was done, the defendants' correction is possible only through an actual punishment," she said.

One man in the courtroom shouted "shame" at the sentencing, and there were chants and whistles from the band's supporters outside.

Tolokonnikova's husband, Pyotr Verzilov, said: "Russia's image was quite scary even before [this]. What happened now is a clear sign that Russia is moving towards becoming more like China or North Korea."

Opposition leader Alexei Navalny added: "They are in jail because it is Putin's personal revenge. This verdict was written by Vladimir Putin."

The defendants' lawyer, Nikolai Polozov, said they would not appeal to President Putin for a pardon. However, there will be a legal appeal against the verdict.

Analysis

By Tom EsslemontBBC News

Once the sentences were handed down, the United States and the European Union were quick to condemn them as "disproportionate". Certainly many feel that the initial protest by Pussy Riot was blasphemous, foolish and wrong. But Russia's most outspoken critics say the trial took things to another extreme; it showed how the country was returning to the dark ages, said one.

That must certainly be how the Pussy Riot band will see it. From their vantage point - a glass cage in the corner of a stifling Moscow courtroom, the press gathered round them - they may just have heard a tribute punk band start up outside on a third-floor balcony. Its tunes were soon halted by an angry-looking man. This was a brief distraction to those massing outside the courtroom, where chants of "freedom, freedom" competed with anti-Pussy Rioters shouting "shame on you, shame on you".

It was, they said, one of the most anticipated, most divisive court cases in Russia's recent history. And aside from the colourful drama outside the courtroom, inside when the sentencing came, there were no surprises.

Amnesty International said the ruling was a "bitter blow" for freedom of expression in Russia.

US state department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said: "We urge Russian authorities to review this case and ensure that the right to freedom of expression is upheld."

On Thursday, Tolokonnikova had said she was "not bitter about being in jail". But, speaking through her lawyer on Twitter, she said: "Politically, I am furious."

"Our imprisonment serves as a clear and unambiguous sign that freedom is being taken away from the entire country," she said.

The women have been detained for the past five months.

Associated Press news agency said a number of protesters had been arrested outside the court before the sentencing was announced, including ex-world chess champion Garry Kasparov and opposition politician Sergei Udaltsov.

There were also pro-Pussy Riot protests in Paris, where demonstrators in Igor Stravinsky square chanted "Freedom", and in Kiev, where women protesters sawed down a wooden cross in a central square.

Other shows of support took place in Belgrade, Berlin, Sofia, London, Dublin and Barcelona.

The band have also had vocal support from artists including Paul McCartney and Madonna, and from politicians.

Critics of the band have also been demonstrating, saying the stunt was an insult to the Russian Orthodox Church.

One, Igor Kim, told the BBC News website from Moscow: "Shouting and screaming and spreading hate in Church is unacceptable and is contrary with Christian ethics."

Valentina Ivanova, a retired doctor, told Reuters: "What they did showed disrespect towards everything, and towards believers first of all."

One protester outside court in Moscow simply shouted: "Let Pussy Riot and all their supporters burn in hell."