3rd: carnivores (heterotroph) that feed of the 2nd consumer e.g whale

Recap: algae> clown fish> shark> whale

Explain a symplified version of order of consumers

Grass> rabbit> snake> eagle

Endosymbiosis

Endosymbiosis is one species living inside another one.

Example: Protozoans that live inside termites and help them digest wood.

54

Ectosymbiosis:

Ectosymbiosis is one species living on the surface of the other species.

Example: Lice that feed on the skin, blood, or oil secretions of the host.

55

Chemosynthetic organisms

Potatoes ??? They don't need sunlight and things like carbon to oxidise into methane are their energy ASK SIR!

56

Bacteria

Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic micro-organisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes.

57

Funghi

A fungus is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes micro-organisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

58

Organism

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

59

Consumer

A heterotrophic organism that feeds on other organisms in a food chain. Lions, hyenas, giraffe (can be herbivores)

60

Decomposer

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, they carry out the natural process of decomposition. E.g. Bacteria, funghi, snails, some insects

61

Chemosynthetic

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

62

Food chain

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

63

Food web

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

64

Trophies level

A level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

65

How much chemical energy is passed on from eating an organism?

About 10 percent

66

Energy pyramid

a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

67

Pyramid of numbers

representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain

68

Pyramid of biomass

representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain

69

Immigration

The number of individuals moving into a new area

70

Emigration

the number of individuals leaving an area

71

Exponetial growth

rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph

72

Sigmoid

The shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau

73

Equilibrium

a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase

74

Zero population

the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out

75

Carrying capacity

the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

76

Tundra

Extremely cold climate, Low biotic diversity, Simple vegetation structure, Limitation of drainage, Short season of growth and reproduction, Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material, Large population oscillations

77

Animals in a tundra

Albatross, seal, royal penguin,

78

Plants in tundra

Shrubland, tussock grassland

79

Types of hybrid organisms

Wholphin, Liger, mule, cama

80

Decomposers

Funghi like mushrooms. Feed of dead. Some bacteria

81

Detrivore

Things that eat animal waste e.g. Dung beetles and poo

82

Epicormic bud

The seed in which a plant can regrow after a fire

83

Lignotuber

a rounded woody growth at or below ground level on some shrubs and trees that grow in areas subject to fire or drought, containing a mass of buds and food reserves. It holds the epicormic bud

84

What are plants made up of

Eukaryotic cells

85

What is overcropping

When a species is being formed by humans quicker than it can reproduce