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Janet Metcalfe received her PhD from the University of Toronto. She is Professor of Psychology and Neurobiology and Behavior at Columbia University. She is a fellow of the Psychonomic Society as well as the Association for Psychological Science and is currently a member of the Psychonomic Society’s Governing Board.

Metcalfe has worked in many areas of human learning and memory, metacognition and control processes. She developed the 'Hot/Cool' model of Delay of Gratification and willpower. She has also examined the mechanisms underlying human metamemory and control, always seeking ways to convert those insights about cognitive processes into implementations that will help children and adults learn. She has also spearheaded many projects on the mechanisms underlying judgments of learning, as well as the consequences of these judgments for self-regulated study.

Recently she has also been investigating people's metacognitions about their own agency (what are cues to and consequences of agency?) in normal college students, children, elders, methamphetamine users, patients with schizophrenia, and, most recently, in patients with Asperger's syndrome, using behavioral as well as fMRI and event related potential methodologies.