Friday, May 8, 2015

Litigation over whether Capital One and its affiliates violated the Telephone Consumer Protection Act settled for $75.5 million—about $4 for each of the 17.5 million class members who allegedly had a statutory claim for $500 or more. Six law firms asked for 30% of that, or over $22.6 million. We objected on behalf of a class member, Jeffrey Collins, introducing evidence showing that something more in the 4.6% range would more than fully compensate class counsel for the risk they incurred. The district court did not adopt our arguments, but agreed with us that there should be a declining percentage as the fund grew larger, and awarded "only" $15,668,265. That's for 4,268 hours of work by six law firms, including associates and paralegals, or over $3,671/hour. Other TCPA cases have awarded over $5,000/hour for similarly mediocre results.

This award is not because the underlying TCPA action was extraordinarily risky: the evidence showed that class counsel won settlements in 16 out of 38 TCPA class actions over the last four years and collected handsome fees for 64% of the hours they devoted to TCPA litigation. Moreover, the court found only that this case was “slightly” more risky than typical TCPA litigation. Nor did it reflect extraordinary litigation efforts: the case settled immediately after the filing of the MDL complaint. Nor did it reflect above-average efficiency: six firms claimed a right to fees, though only three had been appointed in the district court’s original Rule 23(g) order, and the lodestar was substantially higher than in other TCPA cases. Nor is this an extraordinary settlement: as mentioned, class members’ multiple $500 statutory claims were settled for about $4/class member before attorneys’ fees.

We do not contend that a court can never award such a generous hourly rate. But the Seventh Circuit has “held repeatedly that, when deciding on appropriate fee levels in common-fund cases, courts must do their best to award counsel the market price for legal services, in light of the risk of nonpayment and the normal rate of compensation in the market at the time.” We do not believe a sophisticated arms-length transaction would produce this sort of windfall for these sorts of results, and we have appealed, filing our opening brief Monday.

Tuesday, March 17, 2015

You might recall the settlement approval in Online DVD Antitrust Litigation we briefed back in 2012. A district court held that the Wal-Mart $12.03 "gift cards" the settlement awarded weren't "coupons," refused to apply the Class Action Fairness Act, and awarded fees based on the face value of the coupons.

So what did the Ninth Circuit say to reject the contrary Seventh Circuit case?
Absolutely nothing. They didn't mention it once, though we filed a Rule 28(j) letter in September.

Was there another appellate precedent that they followed instead?
Nope. Some district courts make the same mistake that Redman criticized (though some don't), and the Ninth Circuit followed those cases without mentioning the others while creating a circuit split.

For years, parties have used cy pres—the practice of giving settlement money to charity instead of the class—in abusive ways. When proposed by defendants, cy pres can be used to create the illusion of relief to justify greater attorneys' fees at the expense of the class when in fact all that is happening is that the defendant is changing accounting entries on charitable donations it would have made anyway. When cy pres is used to justify attorneys' fees, it takes away the incentive of class counsel to prioritize direct recovery to the class: after all, it's much more satisfying to hold a ceremony giving away an oversized $3 million check to a local charity run by a friend than to issue a million $3 checks to ungrateful class members. And I've discussed other problems with cy pres in Congressional testimony and an article for the Federalist Society.

In 2013, a class representative in securities litigation in St. Louis complained that class counsel was planning to give away $2.7M of the class's money to local charities instead of to class members in a nationwide class. The district court signed off on the distribution, and the Center agreed to assist the class representative, David Oetting, on the appeal to the Eighth Circuit. The argument resulted in an entertaining column by Bill McClellan. And today, we won a landmark victory where a divided panel adopted our arguments in full. (That's eight straight CCAF intermediate appellate wins since the begining of 2013.) The precedent will do much to protect class members against abusive cy pres in the future—and, if adopted by other courts, may well moot the need for the Rules Committee to opine on the issue. We have a Ninth Circuit appeal on the cy pres problem scheduled for argument in Pasadena February 2.

The rationale for having a defendant settle class members' claims by paying money to third parties is that it would be impossible to compensate the class members themselves. But it's a reverse Robin Hood, wherein money that belongs to the aggrieved nationwide mass of class members is taken and funneled to well-connected recipients, like the plaintiffs' lawyers' preferred local charities and alma maters. Sometimes, it isn't even true that class members can't be located!

What do you think about cy pres? How do you think it should be pronounced: see pray, or sigh pray?

Tuesday, October 7, 2014

If so, visit the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit to watch oral argument in Pearson v. NBTY, Inc., No. 14-1198 (7th Cir.). That's 9:30 a.m. in the Main Courtroom on October 31, 2014, at 219 S. Dearborn Street.

Ted Frank will be arguing for appellants in full costume (i.e.business formal court attire) as The Class Action Avenger.

You can read the background about this settlement in our last post about it. Basically, it's under $900,000 for class members, $1.1 million for third parties, and $4.5 million for plaintiffs' lawyers. Class members also get some labeling changes to the sued-over glucosamine bottles, changes which are alleged by the plaintiffs' lawyers to be worth $21 million. For example, instead of saying "Osteo Bi-Flex works by providing the nourishment your body needs to build cartilage, lubricate, and strengthen your joints," the label could say "Osteo Bi-Flex works by providing the nourishment your body needs to support cartilage, lubricate, and strengthen your joints" (italics added free-of-charge). See the opening brief for what "is perhaps the best 13,000-word summary of CCAF philosophy."

Plaintiffs, calling this settlement a "tremendous result," cross-appealed when the district court awarded them $2.1 million in attorneys' fees and expenses instead of $4.5 million. That $4.5 million, after all, "was negotiated at arm's-length by the parties" and, since the requested fees were only up to 2.56 times greater than the plaintiffs' lawyers' billing rate for the labor they expended, the requested fees were "certainly not excessive."

Friday, October 3, 2014

So let's inaugurate the 2014 Holiday Season with the opening brief in this appeal of an unfair settlement over gym memberships: Gascho v. Global Fitness Holdings, LLC, No. 14-3798 (6th Cir.). (You might remember this settlement from November 2013, when it was winding its way through the district court.)

Joshua Blackman, a class member, Texas citizen, law professor, former Sixth Circuit clerk, current client of CCAF, blogger, and author, objected to this settlement, which paid $2.4 million to class counsel and representatives, yet only $1.6 million to the class: a Redman ratio1 of 60%.

Main Question: Is it fair for a settlement to so privilege attorneys with "preferential treatment" over their clients? Sixth Circuit law suggests the answer is, "No."

Bonus Question: What is the value to the class of a settlement that pays the class $1.6 million? The answer: $8.5 million, according to the magistrate judge below, who literally split the difference between the amount that class members actually received and the $15.5 million they would have received if every single one of them--even those who hadn't been notified of the settlement--submitted a claim. Respectfully, CCAF and Professor Blackman believe that's a legally erroneous approach.

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1"The ratio that is relevant to assessing the reasonableness of the attorneys’ fee that the parties agreed to is the ratio of (1) the fee to (2) the fee plus what the class members received." Redman v. Radioshack Corp., -- F.3d --, 2014 U.S. App. LEXIS 18181, *16, 2014 WL 4654477 (7th Cir. Sept. 19, 2014) (Posner, J.). The higher the ratio, the worse the settlement.