4. Published under the title Korrespondenzblatt des Vereins für
siebenbürgische Landeskunde from 1878 to 1930, as
Siebenbürgische Vierteljahresschrift from 1931 to 1941, from
1971 to 1978 as Korrespondenzblatt des Arbeitskreises für
siebenbürgische Landeskunde in the Federal Republic of Germany,
and after 1978 as Zeitschrift für Siebenbürgische
Landeskunde.

12.Neuer Weg was the daily of the so-called German Anti-Fascist
Committee in Romania in 1948. It appeared at a time when the first wave of
discrimination against the Germans in Romania had abated and the support of the
nationalities was important for the communist regime, then in the process of
consolidating its authority. At the time of its founding, Neuer
Weg bore the subtitle Organ des Antifaschistischen Komitees der
deutschen Werktätigen in Rumänien; from 1953 onwards, it was
designated Organ der Volksräte der Rumänischen
Volksrepublik; at present, it is known as Organ des Landesrates
der Front der Sozialistischen Einheit; and, as a political daily, like
the Hungarian-language Elöre [Forward], it is the leading
German-language newspaper of the RCP and the Romanian Socialist Republic.

14. Until October 29, 1971, Die Woche appeared under the title
Hermannstädter Zeitung; the name fell the victim to the
measure officially banning the use of certain significant national-minority
place names, the text of which has never been published. In accordance with a
further secret directive, Hungarian or German place names may be used only if
they resemble Romanian place names or if the national-minority population
amounts to at least 30 percent of the inhabitants of the localities in
question. Concerning the use of the place names in the language of the
nationalities in Romania, see Radio Free Europe: Situation Report,
Romania, no. 41, November 3, 1971, p. 16.

16. Some German and Hungarian writers and poets in Romania stopped writing
during the years of rigid literary formalism, but in addition to those writers
who committed themselves to "proletcult" propaganda, a few well-known minority
writers were also published. One frequently encounters the names of the Germans
Erwin Wittstock and Oskar Walter Cissek, or the Hungarians Ferenc
Szemlér, László Szabédi, Jenö Kiss, Imre
Horváth and -- from the younger generation -- András
Sütö on the pages of the literary journals of the 1950s. For more
detail, see Lajos Kántor and Gusztáv Láng,
Romániai magyar irodalom 1944-1970 [Hungarian Literature
in Romania 1944- 1970], (Bucharest: 1973).

17. It was at this time that novels were published by: Paul Goma,
Ostinato; Marin Preda, Intrusul [The Intruder]; and
Fanus Neagu, Ingerul a strigat [The Angel has Called].

20. Cf., the statement of Hungarian writers in Romania, made according with the
official instructions: "We do not intend to slice up Romanian education and,
within it, our own Hungarian nationality literature and culture into regional
units because - in the words of Ceausescu - the unity of Romanians, Hungarians,
Germans and other nationalities around the party and government is
indivisible." Igaz Szó [True Word] Tirgu Mures monthly,
no. 12, 1970, p. 795. For a discussion of national assimilation, see Karl W.
Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication, (Cambridge, Mass.:
1966); Chapters 5 and 6, pp. 107-153.

21. One of the pre-war novels of the Hungarian writer György Kovács
and a work by the Romanian author Lucia Demetrius, on a Transylvanian theme,
could only be published after being revised by the office of censorship.

22. The Hungarian-language daily published in Bucharest, Elöre
[Forward], published a long article in its February 15, 1975 issue on
the "liberation" of Budapest by Romanian and Soviet troops; the August 1975
issue of Vörös Zászló [Red Banner], Tirgu
Mures, published photographs taken 35 years earlier of mass demonstrations
against the Second Vienna Award.

[302]

23.Scinteia [The Spark], the central organ of the RCP, published
an article in its May 18, 1976 issue on the "2,050-year-old independent,
centralized state of the Dacians," thereby emphasizing the historic primacy of
the Romanian people in Transylvania. The article had to be published by the
nationality papers as well.

26. "From the Report submitted by Comrade Nicolae Ceausescu on behalf of the
Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party at the 11th Congress," in
Korunk [Our Age], a Cluj-Napoca Hungarian-language monthly, vol.
12, 1974, p. 1208.

28. On the resistance and the realization of the policy of the party see
Osteuropa, Stuttgart, 10/1972, pp. 717-728.

29. The statutes passed at the May conference of the Writers' Association
contain a supplementary clause regarding young writers: "while, in accordance
with the 1968 regulations, admission to the Writers' Association was possible
after the publication of a single book, from 1972 onwards this shall require
the publication of two books." (Cf. A.U. Gabanyi, "Die rumänische
Literaturpolitik seit 1972," op. cit., pp. 180-184.)

38. Characteristic of the Romanian government's view of the merging of cultures
is the statement of RCP Chief N. Ceausescu: "It does not matter in which
language the nationalities sing, recite, or play-act, or in which language they
write: the important thing is what they say and what they write." "From Nicolae
Ceausescu's 1976 New Year's Speech", in Igaz Szó, Tirgu
Mures, no. 1, l976. A valuable source of information on cultural assimilation -
specially among the Hungarians - is Trond Gilberg, "Ethnic Minorities in
Romania under Socialism," in East European Quarterly, vol. VII,
no. 4, January 1974, p. 439; see also Karl W. Deutsch, Nationalism and
Social Communication, (Cambridge, Mass.: 1966), Chapters 5 and 6, pp.
107-153; see further Stephen Fischer-Galati, "The Socialist Republic of
Rumania", in Peter A. Toma, ed., The Changing Face of Communism in
Eastern Europe, (University of Arizona: 1970), pp. 28-32.

40. Resolution of the Council of Ministers No. 2,215, Buletinul
Oficial, December 9, 1969.

41. Among others the Dacia Publishing House in Cluj-Napoca, the Ion Creanga,
Ceres, Eminescu, and Albatros Publishing Houses in Bucharest, and the Facla
Publishing House in Timisoara. See also note 39, p. 17.