The automotive world and beyond is buzzing about the massive airbag recall covering many millions of vehicles in the U.S. from nearly two dozen brands. Here’s what you need to know about the problem; which vehicles may have the defective, shrapnel-shooting inflator parts from Japanese supplier Takata; and what to do if your vehicle is one of them.

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LATEST UPDATES

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3/15/2018, 10:30 a.m.: Lawyers representing owners of Volkswagen Group, Mercedes-Benz, GM, and FCA models claim that the automakers intentionally delayed action against recalling defective inflators despite knowing about them for years prior to the 2014 recall and, in some cases, well before Honda’s first recall in 2008. The suits are part of the multi-district litigation filed to the U.S. District Court in Miami seeking economic damages. They follow the $553-million class-action suit brought against Toyota, BMW, Mazda, and Subaru in May 2017. Honda settled for $605 million and Nissan for $97.7 million in August 2017.

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3/2/2018, 6:00 p.m.: Owners of affected Ford, Mazda, and Fiat Chrysler vehicles in the greater Houston area can opt to schedule a repair in their driveways or office parking lots. The automakers have jointly paid for a door-to-door campaign to alert owners who haven’t fixed their cars. Owners may also receive a loaner or a tow to the nearby dealer, as needed. Honda began a similar canvassing program a year ago. The state of Texas has the second-highest number of unrepaired vehicles nationwide, and the Houston area is just one of many that is particularly hot and humid, two conditions that make the airbag inflators more likely to rupture. Two people from the Houston area have died from ruptured Takata inflators.

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2/27/2018, 7:00 p.m.: The Australian government has announced the mandatory recall of nearly four million cars equipped with Takata-sourced airbag inflators, according to news.com.au. This will supplement a voluntary recall from last fall that saw approximately 1.7 million vehicles affected. Michael Sukkar, assistant minister to the treasurer, noted that this equates to almost 30 percent of vehicles (“around two in seven”) currently on the road in the country. A list of affected vehicles is available at news.com.au. Many of these vehicles coincide with the long list of recalled U.S.-market models listed at the bottom of this page.

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Last July, Honda confirmed that a man in Australia died because of injuries that resulted from a defective airbag in a 2007 CR-V.

The issue involves defective inflator and propellent devices that may deploy improperly in the event of a crash, shooting metal fragments into vehicle occupants. Approximately 42 million vehicles are potentially affected in the United States, and at least 7 million have been recalled worldwide. (UPDATE 9/28/2016: Affected-vehicle numbers, along with improper-deployment figures, continue to grow, as detailed in the updates below.)

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Initially, only six makes were involved when Takata announced the fault in April 2013, but a Toyota recall in June this year—along with new admissions from Takata that it had little clue as to which cars used its defective inflators, or even what the root cause was—prompted more automakers to issue identical recalls. In July, NHTSA forced additional regional recalls in high-humidity areas including Florida, Hawaii, and the U.S. Virgin Islands to gather removed parts and send them to Takata for review.

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Another major recall issued on October 20 expanded the affected vehicles across several brands. For its part, Toyota said it would begin to replace defective passenger-side inflators starting October 25; if parts are unavailable, however, it has advised its dealers to disable the airbags and affix “Do Not Sit Here” messages to the dashboard.

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While Toyota says there have been no related injuries or deaths involving its vehicles, a New York Times report in September found a total of at least 139 reported injuries across all automakers. In particular, there have been at least two deaths and 30 injuries in Honda vehicles (UPDATE 12/12/2016: These figures are now verified as 11 deaths and 184 injuries in the U.S., as detailed in the updates below). According to the Times, Honda and Takata allegedly have known about the faulty inflators since 2004 but failed to notify NHTSA in previous recall filings (which began in 2008) that the affected airbags had actually ruptured or were linked to injuries and deaths.

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Takata first said that propellant chemicals were mishandled and improperly stored during assembly, which supposedly caused the metal airbag inflators to burst open due to excessive pressure inside. In July, the company blamed humid weather and spurred additional recalls.

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According to documents reviewed by Reuters, Takata says that rust, bad welds, and even chewing gum dropped into at least one inflator are also at fault. The same documents show that in 2002, Takata’s plant in Mexico allowed a defect rate that was “six to eight times above” acceptable limits, or roughly 60 to 80 defective parts for every 1 million airbag inflators shipped. The company’s study has yet to reach a final conclusion and report the findings to NHTSA.

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UPDATE 11/7/2014, 9:44 a.m.:The New York Times has published a report suggesting that Takata knew about the airbag issues in 2004, conducting secret tests off work hours to verify the problem. The results confirmed major issues with the inflators, and engineers quickly began researching a solution. But instead of notifying federal safety regulators and moving forward with fixes, Takata executives ordered its engineers to destroy the data and dispose of the physical evidence. This occurred a full four years before Takata publicly acknowledged the problem.

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UPDATE 11/7/2014, 5:29 p.m.: Two U.S. Senators have now called for the Department of Justice to open a criminal investigation on this matter. Takata has stated that “the allegations contained in the [New York Times] article are fundamentally inaccurate.” The company went on to state that it “takes very seriously the accusations made in this article and we are cooperating and participating fully with the government investigation now underway.”

UPDATE 11/13/2014, 11:10 a.m.: Takata has released a more formal statement saying that the allegations made in last week’s New York Times article “are fundamentally inaccurate” and that it “unfairly impugned the integrity of Takata and its employees.” The company says (in this PDF) that there were no tests of “scrapyard airbag inflators” in 2004, that after-hours tests in 2004 “were not ‘secret tests’ . . . [but] were done at the request of NHTSA to address a cushion-tearing issue unrelated to inflator rupturing,” and that it “did not suppress any test results showing cracking or rupturing in the inflators,” whether to automakers such as Honda or to NHTSA.

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For its story about Takata’s statement, the Times spoke again with one of its two sources for the November 6 article. That anonymous person is quoted as saying: “What Takata says is not true . . . They are trying to switch things around.”

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On November 12, we reported about a change in Takata’s chemical makeup of its airbag propellant, which the company says is unrelated to the ongoing recall situation.

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UPDATE 11/18/2014, 6:10 p.m.: In light of a recent airbag failure in a 2007 Ford Mustang in North Carolina—which was not part of the original “high-humidity areas” Takata recall—the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is calling for a nationwide recall of cars equipped with the defective Takata driver’s-side airbags.

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UPDATE 11/20/2014, 5:35 p.m.: Automakers, officials from Takata, and motorists injured by defective airbags met for a hearing with Congress. NHTSA was accused of not responding quickly enough to the Takata airbag situation, and automakers also took heat for being slow with fixes. As of now, the recalls remain regional, but it seems only a matter of time before they’re blanketed nationwide.

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UPDATE 11/26/2014, 1:00 p.m.: The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has formally demanded that Takata push through a nationwide recall of cars equipped with the suspect driver’s-side airbags. Also, officials in Japan are calling for a recall expansion, after an airbag from an unspecified car not covered by previous recalls ruptured in testing.

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UPDATE 12/2/2014, 5:45 p.m.: Toyota and Honda have released similar statements urging for an “industry-wide joint initiative to independently test Takata airbag inflators.” Meanwhile, Takata’s chairman stated today that he’ll create a “quality assurance panel” to scrutinize the company’s production procedures. Takata and NHTSA officials today made statements before the U.S. House of Representatives subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade. NHTSA is still pushing for a nationwide expansion of the still-regional airbag recall—but for defective driver’s-side airbags only; the agency says a coast-to-coast recall on passenger-side airbags isn’t necessary. Such a large-scale recall, many say, would squeeze the limited supply of replacement parts in the most at-risk (read: humid) regions of the country.

Chrysler’s recall update adds the passenger-side airbags of roughly 149,000 2003 Ram pickups (1500, 2500, and 3500), which were already part of a driver’s-side airbag recall. The recall remains regional, encompassing trucks “sold or ever registered in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas and the U.S. territories of American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, Saipan, and the Virgin Islands.” Chrysler says it is unaware of any accidents or injuries related to these airbag inflators and that no failures have occurred in laboratory tests. NHTSA has already stated is dissatisfaction with Chrysler’s move: “Chrysler’s latest recall is insufficient, doesn’t meet our demands, and fails to include all inflators covered by Takata’s defect information report.”

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Ford’s expanded recall is very similar to Chrysler’s, adding passenger-side airbags to the repair list of about 13,000 vehicles (2004–2005 Rangers and 2005–2006 GTs) already involved in the regional Takata recalls. Ford is even more selective with the targeted locations: it covers vehicles “originally sold, or ever registered, in Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It adds certain zip codes with high absolute humidity conditions in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Guam, Saipan, and American Samoa.”

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Toyota has recalled some 190,000 vehicles in China and Japan, many of them similar to the company’s U.S.-market vehicles listed below.

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UPDATE 12/5/2014, 3:15 p.m.: Honda has announced the addition of 3 million vehicles to its list of affected cars—and also that its recall is now nationwide. Read more on this development in this story.

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UPDATE 12/18/2014, 10:50 a.m.: Ford has expanded the breadth of its recall for Takata driver’s-side airbags, adding nearly 450,000 vehicles—all Mustangs and GTs—to its list. (Rangers are part of a separate action.) Mazda also expanded its recall to be nationwide for 2004–2008 Mazda 6 and RX-8 vehicles, upping its total of affected cars by about 265,000. Also, Chrysler recently added roughly 139,000 vehicles from the 2003–2005 model years to its regional recall, which now includes the previously unaffected areas of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, American Samoa, Guam, and Saipan. (Also, the 2006–2007 Charger is now listed below, compensating for an oversight on NHTSA’s outdated master list.)

UPDATE 1/20/2015, 4:00 p.m.: Six panelists—including one who oversaw the Cerberus ownership of Chrysler—will join an independent review board in looking into Takata’s manufacturing processes and recommending best practices for what has become one of the largest-ever auto recalls. Former U.S. transportation secretary (1989–1991) Samuel K. Skinner will lead the panel.

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UPDATE 2/11/2015, 10:25 a.m.: Takata—finally—is increasing its capacity to produce replacement airbag inflators at its plants around the world. By September, according to Automotive News, Takata will be able to make 900,000 replacement units per month. Upgraded assembly lines at a factory in Mexico have already increased that plant’s capacity from 300,000 units per month to 450,000. Meanwhile, reports of people being seriously injured by these defective airbags continue to arise.

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UPDATE 2/20/2015, 4:10 p.m.:Takata faces civil fines of $14,000 per day for its alleged refusal to cooperate with a federal investigation over these defective airbags. The supplier has provided plenty of paperwork to NHTSA, but the agency found the “deluge of documents” unsatisfactory.

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UPDATE 3/12/2015, 12:10 p.m.: Honda has announced that it is instituting a voluntary advertising campaign urging owners of Honda and Acura automobiles to check for open airbag and safety recalls that may affect their vehicle. See one of the ads and read more in our story.

UPDATE 3/23/2015, 1:40 p.m.:According to a new survey, a surprising and unnerving number of Americans evidently haven’t bothered to get these potentially lethal airbags repaired. Just 12 percent of all cars recalled for faulty Takata airbags in the U.S. have been repaired. In Japan, conversely, a full 70 percent of the 3 million cars under recall have been repaired.

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UPDATE 4/14/2015, 2:30 p.m.:Honda has stated that the driver of a 2003 Civic was injured by a ruptured airbag during a crash in Florida on March 20.

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UPDATE 4/21/2015, 10:15 a.m.: Nissan has added another 45,000 Sentras from the 2006 model year to its large-scale recall for defective Takata airbags. Owners will be notified via FedEx. Affected cars, according to Nissan, are those “that currently are or previously were registered in Florida and adjacent counties in southern Georgia; Hawaii; Guam; Puerto Rico; Saipan; American Samoa; U.S. Virgin Islands; and coastal areas of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.” This action was partially prompted by the investigation of a March crash in Louisiana in which a woman was injured by airbag shrapnel from her 2006 Sentra.

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UPDATE 5/13/2015, 3:15 p.m.:Toyota and Nissan announced new and expanded recall activity to replace potentially deadly Takata airbags in nearly 6.5 million vehicles worldwide. The recall affects nearly 1 million vehicles in North America. The Toyota RAV4 (model years 2004 and 2005), previously unaffected by these recalls, is now on the list; Toyota is recalling some 160,000 of the models to replace their driver’s-side airbags. The RAV4 has been added to our comprehensive list below.

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UPDATE 5/19/2015, 6:15 p.m.:Takata has declared as defective nearly 34 million vehicles, which will lead to even more extensive recalls of vehicles with the company’s airbags (individual automakers will elaborate on the specific cars added to the recalls in the very near future). In its testing of the suspect parts, Takata also found that driver’s-side airbags in 2003–2007 Toyota Corolla and Matrix models (plus the Pontiac Vibe, a twin to the Matrix), as well as 2004–2007 Honda Accord models, are at the highest risk.

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In a news conference today, U.S. Secretary of Transportation Anthony Foxx called the expanded recall “the most complex consumer-safety recall in U.S. history.” He added: “Up until now Takata has refused to acknowledge that their airbags are defective. That changes today.” Also, the company has agreed to pay the U.S. government significant fines for not cooperating in the investigations of numerous injuries and deaths; the exact amount will be announced at a later date.

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UPDATE 5/20/2015, 1:00 p.m.: Unnamed sources have told Bloomberg that Takata changed its airbag propellant in 2008 to reduce the risk of overly forceful deployment and to address the moisture-related degradation of the propellant.

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UPDATE 5/27/2015, 10:00 a.m.: Next Tuesday, June 2, a panel from the U.S. House of Representatives will hold a hearing to follow up on the status of this ongoing situation. “We have endured a year of Takata ruptures and recalls, and families are still at risk. No excuses. Michiganders, and all Americans, have a right to answers,” committee chairman Fred Upton (R-Mich.) said in a statement. The most recent Congressional hearing took place in December.

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UPDATE 5/28/2015, 10:00 a.m.: Honda has added 259,479 vehicles to its Japanese-market recall tally, according to Automotive News. Affected model years are from 2002 through 2008, which marks the first time that 2008 Hondas have been included in this huge airbag recall. Honda soon will announce additional airbag recalls for the United States, which will be part of the massive recall expansion announced last week.

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UPDATE 5/28/2015, 1:25 p.m.: Chrysler and Honda have added hundreds of thousands of vehicles to their U.S.-market recall lists; this follows Takata’s announcement last week that 34 million total vehicles were subject to action. At this point, Honda is saying only that it will add roughly 350,000 vehicles to its list, although “most of the vehicles deemed at risk in Takata’s defect-determination report were already subject to previous voluntary actions taken by Honda.”

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The Chrysler expansion details approximately 1.2 million of its vehicles that were part of last week’s announcement, many of which are from model years that previously hadn’t been flagged. Accordingly, the following have been added to our list below: 2009–2010 Chrysler 300, 2008–2010 Dodge Charger, 2009–2011 Dodge Dakota, 2005–2010 Dodge Magnum (no Magnums were previously recalled for this problem), 2009 Ram 2500 and 3500, 2009–2010 Ram 4500 and 5500, and 2008–2010 Mitsubishi Raider.

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UPDATE 5/28/2015, 5:00 p.m.:Ford has added more than 900,000 vehicles to its list of recalls for potentially defective airbags from Takata. The 2009–2014 Mustang and the 2006 Ranger are new additions to the list. The later-model Mustangs—recalled for driver’s-side airbags—are by far the newest cars to be included in this incredibly broad recall action.

UPDATE 6/2/2015, 10:30 a.m.: A Congressional hearing on this matter is scheduled for today at 2 p.m. We’ll cover the event throughout the afternoon. Meanwhile, yesterday a Takata executive announced that the company proposes “to replace all” of the troublesome “ ‘batwing-shaped’ propellant wafers” installed in North America. We should know a lot more later today.

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UPDATE 6/2/2015, 3:35 p.m.: Highlights so far from today’s Congressional hearing come mostly from NHTSA administrator Mark Rosekind. He encourages consumers to frequently visit safercar.gov to see whether their vehicle and its VIN have been added to the list; he promises that the website will have VIN information for every single individual car affected by these expansive recalls within two weeks. Rosekind is calling for carmakers to be more diligent in tracking down vehicles that have passed through multiple owners over the years so that the current owner gets recall notices as quickly as possible. If NHTSA had the authority, Rosekind says, it would have forced off the road vehicles affected by the Takata recalls sometime in 2014. Rosekind also points out that the suspect Takata airbag inflator has 10 different configurations, which complicates discernment of the root cause.

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Also, Energy and Commerce Committee chairman Fred Upton (R-Mich.) has pointed out that, “The messaging around these airbag recalls has been tortured at best,” and notes that Takata is trying “to perfect an innumerable set of manufacturing variables, which for 10-plus years have resisted perfection.”

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UPDATE 6/2/2015, 4:55 p.m.: Sitting before the Congressional committee, Takata executive VP Kevin Kennedy states that he believes ammonium nitrate—a propellant that he admits is “a factor” in these rupturing airbags—is safe to use in his company’s products, including airbags installed as replacements in these recalls. He admits, though, that all of the defective airbags discovered in testing have used this type of propellant; Takata is, Kennedy says, transitioning to using guanidine nitrate, a propellant that other airbag suppliers already use. He reassures consumers that not all of the millions of recalled airbag inflators are defective and also that his company is testing components “outside the scope of the recall” to make sure that the callbacks are far-reaching enough. He also claims that his company shipped 740,000 replacement kits in May, in addition to supplying loads of airbags for new-car production.

UPDATE 6/4/2015, 3:00 p.m.: Takata has informed Reuters that at least 10 percent of the 4 million replacement airbag inflators installed as part of these recalls will have to be replaced again. The number could be much greater, as Reuters notes, “the safety of more than 3 million replacement parts [is also] in question.” A NHTSA official said the agency will push Takata and individual carmakers to “demonstrate to us that the remedy parts are safe for the life of the vehicle.”

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UPDATE 6/5/2015, 10:10 a.m.: Mazda has added more than 100,000 vehicles to its list of recalls, bringing the total to roughly 450,000. New to the list are the 2003 Mazda 6 and the 2006 B-series pickup; additional Mazdas from previously noted model years in the rundown below, including the RX-8 and the Mazdaspeed 6, are part of this expanded recall. The cars are being recalled for driver’s-side airbag inflators, while the pickups are called back for their passenger-side airbags.

UPDATE 6/10/2015, 10:00 a.m.: A lawsuit filed with the U.S. District Court in Lafayette, Louisiana, alleges that a 22-year-old woman was killed in early April when her 2005 Honda Civic’s driver’s-side airbag “violently exploded and sent metal shards, shrapnel and/or other foreign material into the passenger compartment,” Automotive News reports. Her car hit a telephone pole on April 5, two days before she received a recall notice for her car’s Takata-supplied airbags. She died on April 9. Her death, if it was indeed caused by the airbag, would become the seventh attributed to a failed Takata airbag. The other six fatalities have all occurred in Honda vehicles, and only one crash happened outside of the United States.

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UPDATE 6/11/2015, 10:25 a.m.: There are many millions of vehicles involved in these recalls, but it seems as though 34 million, a figure that Takata announced in mid-May, might be far too high. (That figure was for inflators, not vehicles, although few cars seem to be afflicted with multiple defective airbags.) Reuters reports that the number is probably more like 16.2 million vehicles. Keep in mind, though, that Nissan and Toyota may not have yet announced their recall expansions in response to Takata’s aforementioned mid-May announcement. The figures in our chart below, as it appears today, add up to 15.97 million vehicles, which is within two percent of Reuters’ figure.

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UPDATE 6/12/2015, 11:35 a.m.:Honda has announced that its financial results for the fiscal year that ended on March 31 will take a $363 million hit because of costs associated with repairing vehicles involved in the Takata recalls.

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UPDATE 6/14/2015, 7:00 p.m.: Honda has confirmed that the death of Kylan Langlinais, whose 2005 Civic crashed in Louisiana on April 5 and which we detailed above on June 10, was indeed a result of the ruptured Takata-supplied airbag in her car. Automotive News reports that this is the second of seven deaths—all in Honda vehicles—where “a driver received a [recall or safety-campaign] notification too late.” Honda has recalled roughly 5.5 million vehicles with Takata airbag inflators in the United States.

UPDATE 6/16/2015, 12:10 p.m.: Daimler has recalled 40,061 Sprinter vans for their passenger-side airbags. Dodge-branded Sprinters from 2006–2008 are included, as are Freightliner-badged Sprinters from 2007–2008. Vans in both 2500 and 3500 capacities are being recalled.

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UPDATE 6/16/2015, 3:15 p.m.:Toyota has announced that 1,365,000 more vehicles are subject to its airbag recalls. All of these particular vehicles are being called in for their passenger-side airbags. Specific models involved are: 2003–2007 Corolla and Corolla Matrix, 2005–2007 Sequoia, 2005–2006 Tundra, and 2003–2007 Lexus SC430. Takata recalls now cover some 2.9 million vehicles in the United States. A report in Automotive News notes that 24 incidents of “incorrect deployments” of Takata airbags have been recorded worldwide in Toyota vehicles, with at least eight reports of injuries and no deaths.

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UPDATE 6/18/2015, 11:15 a.m.:NHTSA finally knows the full scope of this massive, ongoing airbag recall. The 11 carmakers involved have identified every vehicle identification number (VIN) covered by the recall. Check your VIN by using the government agency’s search tool. Also of note: The Senate Commerce Committee will meet next week to hear testimony from NHTSA experts, the Transportation Department’s Office of the Inspector General, and representatives from Takata and automakers regarding the recall.

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UPDATE 6/19/2015, 4:50 p.m.: General Motors has added some 243,000 Pontiac Vibes to its tally of the already-recalled hatchback, which was built alongside the Toyota Matrix in the mid-2000s. The Vibes in this action, from the 2003–2007 model years, are being recalled for their passenger-side airbags. The 2006 and 2007 model years previously had not been affected.

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UPDATE 6/20/2015, 12:15 a.m.: Honda has confirmed that an eighth person’s death was caused by a defective airbag in one of its products. The woman who died was involved in a crash last August in Los Angeles; she was driving a rented 2001 Civic. Bloomberg reports that this particular vehicle was part of four airbag-recall campaigns between 2009 and 2014, each of which resulted in notifications being mailed to the car’s registered owner, who never had the recalls addressed.

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UPDATE 6/23/2015, 11:30 a.m.: Another hearing on this matter is happening in Congress today. Early points of note include:-• NHTSA’s Mark Rosekind estimates that the 34 million defective airbag inflators are installed in 32 million vehicles, so only a small percentage of affected cars have more than one defective airbag. Those figures may still not be entirely accurate, however.-• For months, NHTSA has been coming under fire for how it has handled the Takata situation and other recent large-scale automotive recalls. Staffing and funding are an issue for the government agency, but Senator Claire McCaskill said this morning that “I’m not about to give you more money” until major reforms are made.-• Fiat-Chrysler has hired TRW to supply replacements for the defective Takata parts in its recalled vehicles. Takata has been supplying the industry at large with a major portion of the required replacement airbags thus far. FCA senior vice president Scott Kunselman said during the hearing that his company would only use replacement airbags from TRW and is confident that customers will not need to return for subsequent repairs.

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UPDATE 6/23/2015, 3:45 p.m.: Takata still does not know the root cause of its airbag failures and stopped short of guaranteeing its replacement parts. The company’s executive vice president in North America, Kevin Kennedy, testified today during the company’s third Congressional hearing that “many of the replacement parts are alternative designs” but that it was continuing to test these replacements as it ramps up production to 1 million parts per month. “What we do know is that it takes a considerably long time for these problems to manifest,” Kennedy said to the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

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UPDATE 6/25/2015, 10:50 a.m.: Following Takata’s annual shareholders meeting in Tokyo today, company president Shigehisa Takada publicly apologized for the deaths, injuries, and issues that have been caused by the airbags produced by the company that his grandfather founded in 1933. “I apologize for not having been able to communicate directly earlier, and also apologize for people who died or were injured,” Takada said, according to Bloomberg. “I feel sorry our products hurt customers, despite the fact that we are a supplier of safety products.” The apology came on the heels of Toyota and Honda adding another 3 million vehicles to the worldwide list of those recalled.

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UPDATE 6/26/2015, 10:30 a.m.: Reuters reports that Takata president Shigehisa Takada took a major pay cut last year, earning less than 100 million yen (about $810,000) compared with the $1.67 million he took home the year before. His wages could have been much less than ¥100 million, since, as Reuters says, “Japanese companies are required to disclose individual executive compensation only if it exceeds 100 million yen.” Other senior executives at Takata also earned less money last year.

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Following up on news that we first covered on June 12, Honda has restated its operating profit for last year after taking into account costs associated with repairing vehicles fitted with potentially defective Takata-supplied airbags. The effective cash loss of about $363 million remains as previously stated, bringing Honda’s operating profit for the fiscal year that ended in March to $4.92 billion.

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UPDATE 6/30/2015, 10:30 a.m.: According to a recent audit by the Department of Transportation’s Inspector General, NHTSA—the agency that has been at the forefront of the examinations of these Takata airbag recalls—is full of incompetent, mismanaged staff who are practically set up by their superiors to fail. Read our analysis here.

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UPDATE 7/8/2015, 9:55 a.m.: The airbag in a Nissan X-Trail started a fire after the Takata-supplied device went off with excessive force during a crash in Japan, according to Automotive News. The passenger-side airbag “exploded, smashing the passenger-side window and sending high-temperature fragments into the dashboard, causing a fire.” The driver sustained minor injuries in the crash.

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UPDATE 7/9/2015, 9:35 a.m.: Honda has recalled another 4.5 million vehicles, bringing the total number of its cars and SUVs involved in Takata-airbag-related actions to 24.5 million. None of this newest batch were sold in North America; more than one-third are in Japan. This latest recall expands upon a mid-May recall of 4.8 million non-North-American Honda vehicles.

UPDATE 8/12/2015, 11:50 a.m.: Takata soon will begin a large-scale regional advertising campaign focused on raising awareness around the installation of replacement airbag inflators in affected vehicles. According to Automotive News and Bloomberg, the campaign is “a robust digital advertising campaign” that will include red “Urgent Airbag Recall Notice” banner ads on websites such as CNN and Facebook. Only high-humidity locales will be targeted with the ads: Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas, as well as Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Also, a direct-mail campaign will target 85 percent of the U.S. market.

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UPDATE 8/18/2015, 10:00 a.m.: Volkswagen is now part of NHTSA’s probe on Takata-supplied airbags, following the rupture of a side airbag in a 2015 Tiguan during a crash involving a deer in June, Automotive News reports. No one in the vehicle was hurt. If this problem is related to that which spurred the massive recall for Takata’s front airbags, it would be notable as the first report of the issue affecting side airbags, Volkswagen vehicles, and a model later than the 2011 model year (with the exception of the 2014 Ford Mustang). A Takata spokesman told AN, “We believe [this malfunction] is unrelated to the previous recalls, which the extensive data suggests were a result of aging and long-term exposure to heat and high humidity.”

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Automotive News points out that Volkswagen and Tesla are the only carmakers currently using Takata inflators that so far haven’t been subject to the recall actions detailed here.

UPDATE 8/21/2015, 3:45 p.m.:Toyota said it would consider using replacement airbag inflators from other suppliers, including Autoliv, Daicel, and Nippon Kayaku, as Takata faces a production backlog and scrutiny over whether its replacement parts are just as defective. From the beginning, Takata had agreed to let its competitors produce replacement parts alongside its own. Toyota has about 12 million cars affected worldwide.

NHTSA’s updated figure is much closer to the total number of vehicles represented on our list below, which currently stands at 18.6 million.

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UPDATE 9/28/2015, 12:30 p.m.: These recalls could soon grow to include additional carmakers. Via letter, NHTSA recently contacted seven automakers that aren’t currently included in the Takata recalls but which have used Takata-supplied airbags containing the suspect ammonium-nitrate propellant. The companies are Jaguar Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, Suzuki, Tesla, Volkswagen, Volvo (trucks), as well as specialty manufacturer Spartan Motors. According to The Detroit News, NHTSA said in the letter that the “remedy programs that are individual to each of the affected vehicle manufacturers have created a patch-work solution that NHTSA believes may not adequately address the safety risks presented by the defective inflators within a reasonable time. . . . This process is intended to produce solutions for the prioritization, organization, and phasing of remedy programs, and to appropriately address the multitude of factors contributing to the complexity of these recall programs.”

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UPDATE 10/19/2015, 5:35 p.m.: General Motors is recalling a few hundred 2015-model-year cars and crossover vehicles for potentially faulty Takata-sourced side airbags; these vehicles aren’t yet shown on our comprehensive list below, but they’re called out in the post linked here. Unlike these GM products, all of the vehicles currently noted below are being recalled for front airbags, and nearly all of them are from the 2011 model year or prior. Also, NHTSA is planning to disclose more details—including additional manufacturers subject to the recalls beyond the current eleven—during a hearing on October 22.

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UPDATE 10/22/2015, 12:50 p.m.: In a public hearing today, NHTSA administrator Mark Rosekind revealed more information about this massive recall situation. Nationwide, only 22.5 percent of recalled vehicles have actually been fixed. It’s only slightly better in the humid Gulf of Mexico region, where recalls have been completed in 29.5 percent of affected vehicles even though airbag inflators in those locales are more likely to explode upon deployment. Some inflators have been replaced with newer, but still at-risk, identical components. Of the 115,000 removed inflators that Takata has tested, 450 have ruptured.

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At NHTSA’s request, the 11 affected automakers conducted a risk assessment, which found that six million total inflators in the United States “are in the highest-risk group that should take top priority for replacement parts,” according to Automotive News, while roughly 11 million are in the middle-priority group and two million are least at risk. In general, the older the vehicle and the more humid the environment, the higher the priority that the airbag inflator(s) be replaced.

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UPDATE 10/26/2015, 11:30 a.m.: The Volkswagen Group is gathering and testing Takata-supplied airbags, Automotive News reports. The company expressed to NHTSA a concern about the supply of replacement parts, if the Takata recalls are expanded to VW’s brands, which seems likely at this point. VW is currently unaffected by these extensive recalls, but as we noted in August, a 2015 Tiguan experienced a side-airbag rupture. All told, U.S.-market VW Group products are fitted with roughly 2.4 million Takata airbag inflators.

UPDATE 11/3/2015, 6:00 p.m.: The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has issued Takata a record civil penalty of at least $70 million. The airbag supplier could be responsible for paying NHTSA as much as $200 million total if further violations are discovered. As part of the issuance, NHTSA has ordered that Takata “phase out the manufacture and sale of inflators that use phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate propellant.”

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UPDATE 11/4/2015, 9:45 a.m.:Honda has announced that it will no longer use airbag components from Takata. In a statement, Honda said: “We have become aware of evidence that suggests that Takata misrepresented and manipulated test data for certain airbag inflators.” According to Automotive News, Honda has been Takata’s biggest customer for many years.

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UPDATE 11/6/2015, 9:55 a.m.: Following Honda’s lead, both Toyota and Mazda have said they will stop purchasing airbag inflators from Takata, at least those that incorporate ammonium nitrate. According to Automotive News, Mitsubishi and Subaru also are considering dropping the airbag supplier. Nearly 40 percent of Takata’s sales in 2014 came from airbag parts.

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UPDATE 11/9/2015, 10:35 a.m.: Nissan has now joined Toyota, Mazda, and Honda in announcing that it will no longer use Takata-supplied airbag inflators. The Automotive News report on Nissan’s declaration also notes that Takata lost $70 million in the second quarter of 2015.

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UPDATE 11/23/2015, 1:45 p.m.:Ford is the latest carmaker to declare that it will no longer use Takata airbag inflators with ammonium-nitrate propellant in its new cars. Ford is the first non-Japanese company to take this step.

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UPDATE 11/25/2015, 11:00 a.m.: Internal employee communications reviewed by The Wall Street Journal show Takata withheld airbag-inflator failures in reports to Honda in 2000, four years before that automaker began its own initial investigation of a ruptured Takata airbag in a customer car. The documents show Takata’s U.S. employees were voicing concerns over their Japanese colleagues doctoring data as “the way we do business in Japan.” Takata says the “lapses were and are totally incompatible with Takata’s engineering standards and protocols.”

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UPDATE 12/4/2015, 11:00 a.m.: Japan’s transport ministry has banned Takata airbag inflators that use ammonium nitrate as the propellant (and without a moisture-absorbing desiccant) from being installed in future cars. According to Automotive News, such airbags “will be phased out from driver’s-side airbags by 2017 and passenger-side devices by 2018.” Vehicle models that are subject to Takata-related recalls have a six-month-shorter time frame for the phase-out. As noted above, NHTSA announced a similar ban for U.S.-market vehicles on November 3.

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UPDATE 12/23/2015, 12:15 p.m.: NHTSA announced today that another person has died as a result of a faulty Takata airbag inflator. The fatal July 2015 crash occurred in a 2001 Honda Accord. Although the crash happened in Pennsylvania, the car had spent several years in the humid Gulf region. Also, the agency has been informed of five new ruptures to passenger-side airbags, which is “likely” to result in expanded recalls of the 2002–2004 Honda CR-V, the 2005–2008 Mazda 6, and the 2005–2008 Subaru Legacy. (The Honda and Mazda models and model years are already reflected on the list below.)

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UPDATE 1/4/2016, 3:00 p.m.: The New York Times has detailed the contents of some internal Takata emails from more than nine years ago. As far back as 2000, internal reports revealed that there were “several instances [of] ‘pressure vessel failures,’ or airbag ruptures, . . . reported to Honda as normal airbag deployments.” One airbag engineer, according to the in-depth NYT story, wrote in a 2005 report “that he had been ‘repeatedly exposed to the Japanese practice of altering data presented to the customer,’ adding that such conduct was described at Takata as ‘the way we do business in Japan.’ ” In the same report, the engineer “warned that while the fudging of the data had initially not changed the fundamental conclusions of the data, the practice had ‘gone beyond all reasonable bounds and now most likely constitutes fraud.’ ” In 2006, the same engineer wrote “Happy Manipulating!!!” in an email to a colleague about how to graphically deemphasize the “bimodal distribution” of some tests conducted at high temperatures. He also suggested that his co-worker use “thick and thin lines to try and dress it up, or [change] colors to divert attention.”

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Takata maintains that “the emails in question are completely unrelated to the current airbag inflater recalls.” A Honda spokesman wouldn’t comment on the emails but said that his employer was “aware of evidence that suggests that Takata misrepresented and manipulated test data.”

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Meanwhile, Automotive News reports that some Japanese carmakers “may jointly invest in Takata” in order to soften the financial hit that the airbag supplier is facing as a result of these massive recalls.

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UPDATE 1/8/2016, 4:15 p.m.: Mazda will recall 374,000 cars in the United States due to their passenger-side airbags. According to Automotive News, these airbags were found to be “prone to ruptures” in recent tests by Takata. The 2003–2008 Mazda 6, the 2006–2007 Mazdaspeed 6, and the 2004 RX-8 are affected; these models had already been included on our list below, and we’ve increased the total accordingly.

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UPDATE 1/22/2016, 3:30 p.m.: A Georgia man died last month in a Takata airbag–related crash while driving a 2006 Ford Ranger. His death marks the first of nine in the United States and ten worldwide that have not occurred in a Honda vehicle. In the wake of this news, U.S. safety regulators are expected to add another 5 million vehicles to the Takata recall list detailed below. Automotive News notes that 1 million of those added vehicles have inflators “similar to those installed on the Ford Ranger,” while the other 4 million are being recalled following results of new tests on Takata airbags. Audi and Mercedes-Benz products will be included on the list below for the first time.

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UPDATE 1/26/2016, 9:30 a.m.: Ford has expanded its recall of 2004–2006 Ranger pickups, following news last week of a driver who died as a result of injuries he received from airbag shrapnel. The recall is for driver’s-side airbags in 361,692 Rangers in the United States and another 29,334 in Canada. These trucks had already been recalled for their passenger-side airbags. All 2004–2006 Rangers built in North America are part of this recall.

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UPDATE 1/27/2016, 12:45 p.m.: The driver of a 2007 Honda Civic was killed in India last year in a crash that involved at least one Takata-sourced airbag that sent shrapnel flying into the cabin. An American Honda spokesman told the Associated Press that the driver was likely killed by other injuries sustained in the high-speed crash and not those inflicted by the defective airbag(s). The 2007 Civic is not currently part of Honda’s recalls in the U.S., but it might be added to the list soon.

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UPDATE 2/3/2016, 10:15 a.m.: Mazda has recalled all 2004–2006 B-series pickups for potentially defective driver’s-side airbags. The B-series is a rebadged Ford Ranger, and this recall expansion mirrors the one we described on January 26 for the Ranger. Some 19,000 Mazda trucks are affected in the U.S., Puerto Rico, and Saipan. These B-series models had previously been recalled for their passenger-side airbags. In total, Mazda says it has issued recalls for 442,266 driver’s-side airbag inflators and 416,475 passenger-side inflators. The up-to-date list of Mazdas is below; many have recalls outstanding for multiple airbags.

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UPDATE 2/3/2016, 6:00 p.m.: Honda dealerships in the U.S. have received letters from the carmaker stating that a new recall and stop-sale order applies to a long list of used Honda products: 2007–2011 CR-V, 2011–2015 CR-Z, 2009–2013 Fit, 2013–2014 Fit EV, 2010–2014 Insight, and 2007–2014 Ridgeline. According to Automotive News, if dealers don’t abide by the stop-sale order, they could be liable for any injuries that occur as a result of defective Takata airbags in these cars, which number some 1.7 million. The aforementioned vehicles have not yet been added to our list below because the news is not yet official.

Older vehicles and those in high-humidity locales will be given priority for the replacement parts. In the meantime, dealers have been issued stop-sale instructions for affected vehicles that haven’t been repaired. These recalls are in addition to the 6.28 million Hondas and Acuras that had already been recalled for their airbags.

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UPDATE 2/8/2016, 11:00 a.m.: Seat-mounted side-airbag inflators with the code name “SSI-20” are now under recall. Takata says this recall is limited only to inflators manufactured between December 13 and 14, 2014. A total of 1129 Volkswagen and General Motors vehicles from the 2015 model year are equipped with these inflators. NHTSA began investigating Takata side airbags in August after a side airbag in a 2015 Volkswagen Tiguan ruptured in June.

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UPDATE 2/9/2016, 2:10 p.m.:Daimler is recalling some 705,000 Mercedes-Benz cars and 136,000 Daimler vans in the U.S. market because NHTSA has indicated that the vehicles could contain defective Takata-supplied airbags. The Mercedes-Benzes are all from the 2005–2014 model years: SLK, C-class, E-class, M-class, GL-class, R-class, and SLS. The newly recalled vans are 2007–2014 Sprinters with Dodge, Freightliner, or Mercedes badges. (Some 2006–2008 Sprinters had been added to the recall in June 2015.)

UPDATE 2/13/2016, 11:30 a.m.: NHTSA has updated its website with more specifics regarding what Mercedes-Benz models are affected by this recall. They are detailed in an update to this story that we published earlier this week. The general models are as follows, and they’ve been updated on our list below: 2005–2011 C-class (excluding C55 AMG but including 2009–2011 C63 AMG); 2010–2011 E-class sedan, wagon, coupe, and convertible; 2009–2012 GL-class; 2010–2012 GLK-class; 2009–2011 M-class; 2009–2012 R-class; 2007–2008 SLK-class; 2011–2014 SLS AMG coupe and roadster; 2007–2014 Sprinter.

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Also new to the list below is the 2006–2007 Chrysler Crossfire, which was based on a Mercedes-Benz. A total of 5283 Crossfires have been recalled.

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UPDATE 2/16/2016, 11:00 a.m.: General Motors has added roughly 200,000 Saab and Saturn products in the U.S. and Canada to its list of vehicles covered by this recall. The cars involved are: 2003–2011 Saab 9-3, 2010–2011 Saab 9-5, and 2008–2009 Saturn Astra. These vehicles—numbering 179,861 in the U.S.—have been added to our list below.

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UPDATE 2/17/2016, 6:15 p.m.: According to a report in the New York Times,Takata executives allegedly withheld test results from its defective airbag inflators and destroyed evidence as early as 2000. A top Takata executive is alleged to have ordered that failed parts be “discarded” and doctored a report.

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UPDATE 2/22/2016, 7:30 a.m.: Reuters is reporting that the number of Takata airbag inflators recalled in the United States could nearly quadruple, with the addition of between 70 and 90 million units. That could bring the total of recalled Takata airbag inflators containing ammonium nitrate to as high as 120 million. (Some cars have more than one recalled airbag, so the overall vehicle total would be lower.) Reuters says that “Takata produced between 260 million and 285 million ammonium nitrate-based inflators worldwide between 2000 and 2015, of which nearly half wound up in U.S. vehicles.” The news service also notes that, “Takata produced most of the inflators that regulators are now investigating at its main inflator plant in Monclova, Mexico, or at plants in Georgia and Washington state, according to company documents.”

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UPDATE 2/23/2016, 2:15 p.m.: A group of 10 carmakers known as the Independent Testing Coalition hired a company called Orbital ATK (which works with rocket propulsion-systems) to conduct its own tests of suspect Takata airbag inflators. The conclusions, according to Automotive News, are that “it was the combination of these three factors—the use of ammonium nitrate, the construction of Takata’s inflator assembly, and the exposure to heat and humidity—that made the inflators vulnerable to rupture.” These results are consistent with Takata’s internal testing as well as testing by the Fraunhofer Group.

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UPDATE 3/2/2016, 3:30 p.m.: Toyota has recalled another 198,000 vehicles in the U.S. for suspect Takata-supplied, passenger-side airbags. The 2008 Corolla and Corolla Matrix, as well as the 2008–2010 Lexus SC430, are now included in this action. (Earlier model years of these vehicles were already included in this recall.)

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UPDATE 3/30/2016, 3:15 p.m.: According to court documents reviewed by Reuters, Honda requested that Takata redesign its faulty airbag inflators to be “fail-safe” back in 2009. That was after the company first recalled a small population of cars in 2008 after defective Takata airbag inflators in Honda models were linked to four injuries and one death. The revised inflators, which Honda began installing in 2011, have four additional holes to vent gas so that if the inflators rupture, the metal enclosure is less likely to break apart and become shrapnel. Honda did not notify NHTSA of the design change and denied that it ever had to do so, stating that it used revised parts to prevent “future manufacturing errors.”

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Takata is facing a bevy of lawsuits, some of which are being consolidated in a federal court in Miami. Much worse, however, are the recalls themselves. According to Bloomberg, a Takata insider has estimated the cost of recalling every single airbag inflator with ammonium nitrate—a number in excess of 280 million—to be $24 billion.

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UPDATE 4/1/2016, 5:00 p.m.: According to NHTSA, 7.5 million defective airbag inflators have been replaced as of March 11. That’s 33 percent out of 22.5 million. But that doesn’t include another 5 million inflators recalled in February. Using those numbers, Reuters pegs the repair rate at about 25 percent, using a baseline of 29 million defective inflators. Check out NHTSA’s Takata website to see the recall-completion rates by manufacturer. Honda has the highest completion rate, at 54 percent, but several carmakers have rates of less than 20 percent. Expect NHTSA to update its numbers soon.

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UPDATE 4/7/2016, 3:15 p.m.: Honda has reported a death from an airbag rupture in a 2002 Civic under recall. According to KTRK-TV in Houston, 17-year-old Huma Hanif rear-ended another car on March 31 in Richmond, Texas. Although her airbag deployed, investigators determined the crash wasn’t severe enough to kill the teenager. Her throat was lacerated by the airbag inflator and a witness described her collapsing after exiting her car. Hanif is the 11th Takata-related death worldwide, the 10th in the U.S., and the 10th in a Honda.

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UPDATE 4/14/2016, 11:00 a.m.: NHTSA has stated that there are 85 million Takata airbag inflators in the United States that haven’t been recalled at this point. Of that 85 million, 43.4 million are passenger-side inflators, 26.9 million are for side airbags, and 14.5 million are installed in steering wheels. Takata “has until 2019 to demonstrate that all of the unrecalled airbag inflators are safe,” according to Automotive News, which counts 28.8 million airbags as being recalled at this point.

UPDATE 5/4/2016, 11:15 a.m.:Honda has reported two additional deaths in Malaysia that may be related to defective Takata airbags. While authorities have not yet singled out the causes of either death, Honda said the driver’s-side front airbags in two City models from the 2006 and 2003 model years had ruptured in two separate crashes on April 16 and May 1. Both cars, which were not sold in the U.S., were under recall.

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UPDATE 5/4/16, 1:15 p.m.: Confirming what we reported yesterday, NHTSA has announced that Takata will recall between 35 million and 40 million additional front-airbag inflators as part of an amended consent order between the Japanese supplier and the agency. All of the inflators in question are non-desiccated, which means they do not have a drying agent to compensate for humidity. So far, NHTSA says only the non-desiccated ammonium-nitrate inflators have been rupturing. Takata now has to prove that the desiccated inflators are safe or else it will be forced to recall those, as well. The recall, which will be conducted in phases, is expected to last until December 2019. Exact car models have not been identified.

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UPDATE 5/6/2016, 12:30 p.m.: Senators Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) and Edward Markey (D-Mass.) have demanded that NHTSA release the entire list of car models with ammonium-nitrate propellant. “This right to know should not be limited to the owners of the seemingly randomly identified fraction of vehicles containing Takata airbags that have been slowly recalled to date,” the senators wrote to the agency. Blumenthal and Markey have repeatedly called on NHTSA to recall every airbag inflator with ammonium nitrate, although the agency is allowing Takata up to three years to prove they are safe.

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UPDATE 5/13/2016, 1:30 p.m.: Honda will add another 21 million vehicles to its recalls associated with these Takata airbags, bringing the automaker’s worldwide total to 51 million vehicles. How many of those vehicles will be in the United States is unclear at this point, according to the New York Times, which attributes this information to Honda vice president Tetsuo Iwamura.

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UPDATE 5/20/2016, 10:00 a.m.:Mercedes-Benz has expanded its Takata recall, adding 196,975 cars to its list, all of which require new passenger-side airbag inflators. The models are as follows, and they’ve been added to our list below: 2012–2014 C-class, 2012–2017 E-class coupe and cabriolet, 2013–2015 GLK-class, and 2015 SLS AMG coupe and cabriolet.

UPDATE 5/31/2016, 11:30 a.m.:Ferrari is recalling 2820 cars as part of the expanded Takata passenger-side airbag recalls. This is the first time Ferrari has been involved with this defect. The 2009–2011 California and 2010–2011 458 Italia are included.

Subaru is recalling 383,101 cars as part of the expanded Takata passenger-side airbag recalls. Newly added models include the 2006 Baja, 2006–2011 Impreza and Tribeca, and 2009–2011 Legacy, Outback, and Forester. The 2006 Saab 9-2X, built by Subaru, also is included in this total.

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Our list below has been updated accordingly, but the recall totals for each brand haven’t yet been recalculated because some individual vehicles have already been accounted for in previous recalls for driver’s-side airbags.

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UPDATE 6/1/2016, 10:00 a.m.:Ford has nearly doubled the number of vehicles it is recalling for defective Takata-sourced airbags, adding 1,287,726 vehicles to its count, all for passenger-side airbag inflators. The models are as follows, and they’ve been added to our list below: 2007–2010 Ford Edge and Lincoln MKX, 2005–2011 Ford Mustang, 2005–2006 Ford GT, 2007–2011 Ford Ranger, and 2006–2011 Ford Fusion, Mercury Milan, and Lincoln MKZ and Zephyr. Of those, 608,717 Mustangs and about 400 GTs had already been recalled for their driver’s-side airbags; the other models are newly added.

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UPDATE 6/1/2016, 3:00 p.m.:A report from Senator Bill Nelson (D-Fla.) says that four automakers are continuing to use Takata airbag inflators containing non-desiccated ammonium nitrate in current new cars, despite tests proving these inflators are the most prone to ruptures. Fiat Chrysler, Mitsubishi, Toyota, and Volkswagen said they were using front-airbag inflators without the moisture-absorbing desiccant on certain 2016 and 2017 model year cars including the Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Volkswagen CC, Audi TT, and Audi R8. Not all the manufacturers gave specific models to Nelson, the ranking member of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, who, in March, queried the original 14 automakers involved. Another five automakers are still using Takata’s ammonium-nitrate airbag inflators, with or without desiccant, including Daimler (vans only), Ford, Honda, Nissan, and Subaru. Nelson’s office says the “majority” of all replacement inflators installed as of May 20—4.6 million out of 8.4 million—are Takata ammonium-nitrate inflators. Of those, 2.1 million are non-desiccated. All of this is legal under NHTSA’s consent order, although all non-desiccated inflators will need to be recalled and replaced by 2019. Eventually, all of Takata’s ammonium-nitrate inflators may need to be recalled. It’s very confusing that automakers would be allowed to install parts that are known to be defective, except NHTSA thinks they won’t become defective until years later, at which time proper replacement parts will be available.

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Meanwhile, Toyota has expanded its Takata recall by some 490,000 vehicles outside of the U.S., in places including Japan, China, Europe, Mexico, and South America. The vehicles in question include 2005–2011 Lexus products, as well as Toyota Siennas, 4Runners, Corollas, and Yarises.

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UPDATE 6/2/2016, 10:00 a.m.: Audi is recalling 217,000 cars as part of the expanded Takata passenger-side airbag recalls. This recall affects the 2004–2008 Audi A4 and the 2005–2011 Audi A6. None of these vehicles had previously been included in these recalls.

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BMW is recalling 91,806 SUVs as part of the expanded Takata passenger-side airbag recalls. This recall affects the 2007–2011 BMW X5, the 2008–2011 BMW X6, and the 2010–2011 BMW X6 ActiveHybrid.

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General Motors is recalling 1.4 million 2007–2011 trucks and large SUVs for their Takata-supplied passenger-side airbags. The models are as follows, and they’ve been added to our list below: 2007–2011 Chevrolet Silverado 1500, Avalanche, Tahoe, and Suburban; 2007–2011 GMC Sierra 1500, Yukon, and Yukon XL; 2007–2011 Cadillac Escalade, Escalade EXT, and Escalade ESV; 2009–2011 Silverado 2500 and 3500; 2009–2011 Sierra 2500 and 3500. None of these vehicles had previously been included in these recalls. GM reports that there have been no airbag ruptures in approximately 44,000 crashes of the recalled vehicles.

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Jaguar Land Rover is recalling 54,350 vehicles as part of the expanded Takata passenger-side airbag recalls. This recall affects the 2007–2011 Land Rover Range Rover and the 2009–2011 Jaguar XF. None of these vehicles had previously been included in these recalls.

UPDATE 6/7/2016, 10:30 a.m.: The owner of a 2006 Nissan X-Trail SUV has filed a suit against Takata and Nissan for wrist and head injuries she sustained in an October 2015 crash in Japan. The vehicle had been recalled for defective airbag inflators, but parts weren’t available at the time the woman’s husband took the SUV to a dealership to get it fixed. According to Automotive News, this is the first suit in Japan against Takata and an automaker for these airbags.

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UPDATE 6/10/2016, 5:30 p.m.:Toyota has identified the new cars that still use non-desiccated Takata inflators. The 2015–2016 4Runner and Lexus GX460, 2015 Lexus IS250C and IS350C, and the 2015 Scion xB have these inflators and will need to be recalled by the end of 2018 even though they are still legal to sell. About 175,000 vehicles are affected in the U.S.

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Meanwhile, Honda has recalled another 784,000 vehicles in Japan because of their Takata airbags, including Civic, Fit, and Odyssey models built between 2003 and 2009.

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UPDATE 6/17/2016, 10:00 a.m.: Dongfeng Honda Automobile Co., Honda’s joint venture in China, is recalling 1 million vehicles for their Takata airbags, the Detroit News reports. Vehicles affected are Honda CR-V, Civic, and Civic hybrids as well as Platinum Rui sedans built between 2007 and 2011.

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UPDATE 6/21/2016, 2:00 p.m.: Fiat Chrysler said it would stop using non-desiccated Takata airbag inflators with ammonium nitrate by next week. This applies to all of its cars built for the North American market. FCA will end production globally by mid-September. As of now, FCA said that only the 2016 Jeep Wrangler’s passenger-side front airbag used such an inflator and that it would notify potential buyers of any of these unsold vehicles. Without describing its methods, FCA also said it tested “nearly 6300 older versions” of this inflator and found no problems. The non-desiccated inflators are considered dangerous since they do not have a chemical to absorb moisture.

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UPDATE 6/27/2016, 10:30 a.m.:Automotive News reports that a ruptured airbag appears to have caused a woman’s death in an accident in Malaysia. The driver of a 2005 Honda City was killed on Saturday, and the driver’s-side airbag was found to be ruptured. The official cause of death has yet to be declared as of this writing. The car involved in the accident had been recalled in May 2015, but it hadn’t been repaired. If verified, this would be the third death related to defective Takata airbags in Malaysia this year.

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UPDATE 6/28/2016, 5:00 p.m.: Shigehisa Takada, the chief executive of automotive supplier Takata, announced in a shareholder meeting that he will resign once a “new management regime” has been selected.

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UPDATE 6/30/2016, 2:30 p.m.: Seven Honda and Acura models from 2001–2003 pose the highest failure rate among all recalled vehicles, with as much as a 50 percent chance their airbag inflators will rupture, according to NHTSA. The agency identified the 2001–2002 Honda Civic and Accord, 2002 CR-V and Odyssey, 2002–2003 Acura 3.2TL, and 2003 Honda Pilot and Acura 3.2CL as the most dangerous. These cars were initially recalled for the defect between 2008 and 2011, and while “more than 70 percent” now have new inflators, there are still 313,000 vehicles with the original inflators. Eight of the 10 U.S. deaths involving Takata airbag inflators have involved this group of Honda and Acura models.

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UPDATE 7/8/2016, 10:00 a.m.: Roughly 1.4 million vehicles have been recalled in Japan for their Takata airbags. Mitsubishi recalled 520,000 vehicles, Mazda 490,000, Subaru 290,000, and Mercedes-Benz 93,000. Of particular note for U.S. owners is that Mazda said the 2 (known as the Demio in Japan) will be recalled in America; the company recalled 74,310 Mazda 2s in China built between 2007 and 2015.

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UPDATE 7/19/2016, 5:00 p.m.: An internal audit conducted by Takata and Honda found the airbag supplier manipulated airbag test data that stripped out poorer results, according to Bloomberg. Examples of “selective editing,” according to former IIHS president Brian O’Neill, who conducted the audit, resulted in a report that was a “prettier shortened version” of what actually occurred. Depositions of several Takata engineers from an ongoing lawsuit found that reports to Nissan, Toyota, and General Motors were similarly doctored. Takata said the audit’s findings were “entirely inexcusable.”

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UPDATE 7/20/2016, 3:30 p.m.: The U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation has identified additional new cars that still use non-desiccated Takata inflators. They are: 2016 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter, 2016–2017 Mercedes-Benz E-class coupe/convertible, 2016 Ferrari FF, 2016–2017 Ferrari California T, 2016–2017 Ferrari 488GTB/488 Spider, 2016–2017 Ferrari F12/F12tdf, and 2017 Ferrari GTC4Lusso. These vehicles remain legal for sale, but, per NHTSA, they must be recalled by the end of 2018. Audi, Lexus, Mitsubishi, Toyota, and Volkswagen had previously been found to still be building new cars with the suspect airbags.

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UPDATE 7/21/2016, 2:00 p.m.: General Motors has stated that it may have to recall an additional 4.3 million vehicles in the U.S. for their defective Takata airbags, which would cost the company an estimated $550 million, according to Automotive News. GM recently added 2.5 million vehicles to its list of Takata recalls, the repair costs for which will cost as much as $320 million.

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Also, Mazda has added 3743 B-series pickups from the 2007–2009 model years to its list of vehicles recalled due to potentially defective Takata airbag inflators; these trucks are being recalled for the passenger-side airbags. This is in accordance to the recall schedule we described on May 23. These Mazdas are located in what is known as Zone B, which includes Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Previously, 2004–2006 B-series trucks had been recalled; our list below has been updated to reflect these additional model years.

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UPDATE 8/5/2016, 11:00 a.m.: NHTSA is expanding its investigation of airbag supplier ARC Automotive to 8 million potentially defective airbags after the driver of a 2009 Hyundai Elantra was killed in Canada last month. Automotive News reports that the car’s airbag inflator was manufactured in China, unlike inflators in U.S.-market Elantras from the same time period. General Motors, Fiat Chrysler, and Kia also used ARC airbags that are part of this probe. In July 2015, NHTSA began investigating ARC for airbags produced in Tennessee after airbag-related injuries were reported in crashes of a 2002 Chrysler Town & Country and a 2004 Kia Optima. Preliminary investigations of inflators made by ARC, which is unaffiliated with Takata, show “significant design differences between the ARC inflators and the Takata inflators currently under recall.”

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UPDATE 8/5/2016, 9:00 p.m.: Jaguar Land Rover has expanded its recall by another 54,000 vehicles in the United States. The recalls affects 2007–2011 Land Rover Range Rover and 2009–2011 Jaguar XF models for potentially defective passenger-side airbag inflators. Vehicles from these models and model years were first recalled in May 2016; this action essentially doubles the recalled population. Jaguar Land Rover says that “affected vehicles are being prioritized for repair—split into four separate phases—based on geographic zone and vehicle age” and that customers will be notified by mail later this year when parts become available. In a statement, the company went on to say that it “is not aware of any case of an airbag module rupture on any of the 108,000 vehicles included in this recall.”

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UPDATE 8/29/2016, 4:00 p.m.: General Motors pressured a Swedish airbag supplier in the 1990s to match cheaper prices from its rival Takata, despite warnings that Takata’s inflators were unsafe, according to the New York Times. When Takata introduced ammonium-nitrate-based airbag inflators in the late 1990s, Autoliv scientists studying Takata’s design determined the chemical compound was too dangerous. It lost GM’s airbag contract at the time. “We tore the Takata airbags apart, analyzed all the fuel, identified all the ingredients,” former Autoliv chief chemist Robert Taylor told the Times. “The gas is generated so fast, it blows the inflater [sic] to bits.” The Times also revealed that employees at a former Takata plant in Georgia let defective airbag inflators pass inspections by manipulating leakage tests and creating new bar codes so the tests couldn’t be tracked.

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UPDATE 9/8/2016, 10:30 a.m.: Honda will recall another 668,000 vehicles in Japan to replace potentially defective Takata-supplied passenger-side airbag inflators. Affected cars include Accord, Civic, and Fit models built between 2009 and 2011. According to Reuters, that brings Honda’s recall total to 51 million Takata airbags.

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UPDATE 9/9/2016, 9:00 a.m.:BMW announced it will recall some 110,000 cars in Japan to replace potentially defective Takata-supplied airbag inflators. The recall affects passenger-side airbags on 44 BMW models made between 2004 and 2012, including the 116i, 118i, and 320i. The recall is part of a massive order from Japan’s transport ministry that 7 million vehicles be recalled by 2019.

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UPDATE 9/19/2016, 11:00 a.m.: General Motors will submit a petition to NHTSA for a one-year deferral of a pending recall of some 980,000 trucks and SUVs equipped with Takata-supplied passenger-side airbag inflators, Automotive News reports. Takata is slated to declare on December 31, 2016, that “a large batch” of parts are defective, but GM wants a 365-day deferral to complete a long-term aging research study with aerospace and defense manufacturer Orbital ATK. The study, which we outlined in February, is scheduled to end in August 2017. GM maintains that the delayed recall won’t endanger vehicle occupants, saying the inflators will “likely perform as designed until at least December 31, 2019.” Of the 44,000 passenger-side inflators that have deployed in consumer use and the 1055 that have been deployed in testing, none have ruptured, GM says. The deferral affects 2007–2012 large trucks and SUVs, namely the Chevrolet Silverado, Tahoe, and Suburban, the GMC Sierra and Yukon, and the Cadillac Escalade.

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UPDATE 9/26/2016, 10:45 a.m.: Takata revealed in a recent report that it neglected to notify NHTSA of a 2003 rupture of one of its airbag inflators in Switzerland, according to Reuters. NHTSA began looking into problems with Takata airbags in 2010, but Takata officials did not mention the Swiss incident to the agency at the time. In the newly released report, Takata said the Swiss incident did not relate to the NHTSA investigation and noted that Takata made production changes shortly after the 2003 incident.

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In the same report (available for download at safercar.gov), Takata said that its U.S. arm, not the Japan-based parent company, “was primarily responsible for the development, testing, and production of the inflators at issue in Recall Nos. 15E-040, 15E-041, 15E-042, and 15E-043.” Other recently released Takata documents also revealed that 660 airbag inflators ruptured during testing of 245,000 of the devices, Bloomberg reports. The company continues to reiterate that its airbag inflators are more at risk when they’re subjected to humid climates and as they age.

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UPDATE 9/28/2016, 10:00 a.m.:Honda announced today that the driver’s-side airbag of a 2009 Honda City ruptured in a September 24 crash in Johor, Malaysia, in which the driver was killed. This marks the fourth Malaysian death this year linked to a Takata-supplied airbag that ruptured in a Honda car. Honda said that it has completed replacements of 211,000 Takata front-airbag inflators in Malaysia, which is 54 percent of the total number currently under recall.

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UPDATE 10/21/2016, 7:30 a.m.: Honda and NHTSA announced that a 50-year-old woman, Delia Robles of Corona, California, died of injuries that resulted from the deployment of a defective Takata airbag in her 2001 Honda Civic. The crash occurred on September 30 in California’s Riverside County. According to an Associated Press report, the vehicle’s driver’s-side airbag inflator had been part of a recall since 2008; however, it was never repaired. Automotive News reported that more than 20 recall notices had been mailed to the vehicle’s registered owners. The deceased woman bought the car at the end of 2015, the AP report said. This is the 11th confirmed death in the United States that has been caused by a defective Takata-supplied airbag in a vehicle, all but one of which were in Honda vehicles.

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UPDATE 10/26/2016, 5:00 p.m.: Toyota has recalled another 5.8 million vehicles around the world because they might contain defective Takata airbag inflators. According to Reuters, the recall includes roughly 1.47 million vehicles in Europe, 1.16 million in Japan, and 820,000 in China, as well as vehicles in Central and South America, Africa, the Near and Middle East, and Singapore. Various Corolla, Yaris/Vitz, Hilux, and Etios models built between May 2000 and November 2001 and between April 2006 and December 2014 were recalled.

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UPDATE 11/9/2016, 1:00 p.m.: In an effort to seek out recalled Takata airbag inflators that haven’t yet been fixed, Honda has partnered with CCC, a software provider for 22,000 automotive body shops across the United States. When a Honda vehicle is entered into the CCC system for an estimate on repairing body damage, Automotive News reports, an alert will appear onscreen if the vehicle has an unresolved open Takata recall. Body shops are being “encouraged to reach out to [the customer’s favored] dealership to facilitate the repair on the customer’s behalf.”

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UPDATE 12/12/2016, 3:30 p.m.: To date, at least 184 people have been injured by Takata airbags in the United States, according to a new report released by NHTSA on the recall’s progress. This is the first hard number the agency has specified since investigations began in late 2014. Repairs won’t be finished until at least September 2020 (in May, NHTSA set December 2019 as the end date). Another round of cars—including Tesla products, supercars from Ferrari and McLaren, and additional model years of previously recalled models—have been added to our master list of vehicles plagued by the defective Takata inflators. By 2020, NHTSA expects there will be 42 million vehicles with at least 64 million inflators under recall. As of today, the count stands at about 29 million vehicles with 46 million inflators.

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UPDATE 12/29/2016, 5:30 p.m.: So far, about 12.5 million suspect Takata inflators have been fixed of the roughly 65 million inflators (in 42 million vehicles) that will ultimately be affected by this recall, which spans 19 automakers. Carmakers and federal officials organizing the response to this huge recall insist that the supply chain is churning out replacement parts, most of which are coming from companies other than Takata. For those who are waiting, NHTSA advises that people not disable the airbags; the exceptions are the 2001–2003 Honda and Acura models that we listed on this page on June 30, 2016—vehicles which NHTSA is telling people to drive only to a dealer to get fixed.

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Meanwhile, a settlement stemming from a federal probe into criminal wrongdoing by Takata is expected early next year—perhaps as soon as January—and could approach $1 billion.

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UPDATE 1/11/2017, 1:00 p.m.: Honda added 772,000 more cars in a new round of recalls for non-desiccated front-passenger airbags. A total of 1.29 million Honda and Acura models plus 882 Gold Wing motorcycles are included; many were previously recalled for driver’s-side airbags. Besides the 2012 Gold Wing, no new models or model years are included. Honda has the most U.S. vehicles of any automaker affected by the Takata recalls, now standing at 11.4 million cars and motorcycles.

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UPDATE 1/12/2017, 11:00 a.m.: Ford is recalling 654,695 cars in the U.S. and 161,174 vehicles in Canada to replace non-desiccated front-passenger airbags. No new models or model years are included, although Ford has added more of these same cars in other regions of the country that were not under previous recalls. Ford, including Mercury and Lincoln, now has recalled about 3 million cars in the U.S. The affected models in this particular regional expansion are the 2005–2009 and 2012 Mustang; 2005–2006 GT; 2006–2009 and 2012 Fusion, Lincoln Zephyr, and Lincoln MKZ; 2006–2009 Mercury Milan; and the 2007–2009 Ranger, Edge, and Lincoln MKX.

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UPDATE 1/13/2017, 11:00 a.m.: As with Honda and Ford, Toyota is recalling 543,000 cars in the U.S. to replace non-desiccated front-passenger airbags. No new models or model years have been added, although Toyota has included an unknown number of cars not previously under recall. Toyota, including Lexus and Scion and not including the Toyota-built Pontiac Vibe, now has about 6 million cars in the U.S. under the Takata recalls. Affected models under this latest recall are the 2006–2009 and 2012 Lexus IS (including IS F); 2007–2009 and 2012 Yaris and Lexus ES; 2008–2009 and 2012 Scion xB; 2009 and 2012 Corolla and Matrix; and the 2012 4Runner, Sienna, Lexus IS C, Lexus GX, and Lexus LFA.

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UPDATE 1/13/2017, 3:00 p.m.: The U.S. government has fined Takata Corp. $1 billion as part of the Japanese supplier’s agreement to plead guilty to one count of wire fraud; the fine is broken down as a $25 million criminal fine, $125 million for victim compensation, and $850 million for compensating automakers. Also, a federal grand jury separately charged three Takata executives on six counts each of wire fraud and conspiracy.

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UPDATE 1/23/2017, 7:00 p.m.: A total of 16 brands recalled 652,541 cars in the U.S. to replace non-desiccated front-passenger airbags. Some or most of these cars may have been previously recalled to replace other Takata airbags. Replacement parts may be available as soon as March or “Q1,” depending on the automaker. Only cars ever registered in specific states are under these recalls. Model-year 2008 and 2012 Mercedes-Benz C63 AMG—as well as model-year 2009 Audi A4 and S4—were previously unaccounted for in our master list below. The cars recalled in this latest round are as follows:

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Audi is recalling 33,421 cars. They include the 2005–2009 A4, S4, and A6; 2007–2008 RS4; and the 2007–2009 S6.

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BMW is recalling 48,380 cars. Included are the 2007–2009 and 2012 X5 and the 2008–2009 and 2012 X6.

Ferrari is recalling 825 cars from 2012. The FF, California, 458 Italia, and 458 Spider are all included.

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Jaguar is recalling 8191 XF sedans from 2009 and 2012.

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Karma Automotive is recalling 811 Fisker Karma models from 2012.

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Land Rover is recalling 8769 Range Rover models from 2007–2009 and 2012.

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Mazda is recalling 93,812 vehicles. Included are the 2005–2006 MPV; 2005–2009 RX-8; 2007–2009 B-series pickup trucks; the 2007–2009 and 2012 CX-7 and CX-9; and the 2009 and 2012 Mazda 6.

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McLaren is recalling 359 MP4-12C models from 2012.

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Mercedes-Benz is recalling 103,406 cars. Included are the 2012 C-class sedan and coupe, E-class coupe and convertible, GLK, and SLS AMG, as well as the 2008–2009 C-class sedan and coupe, plus the 2008–2012 C63 sedan and coupe.

Subaru is recalling 185,773 cars. Included models are the 2005–2006 Baja; 2006–2009 Impreza; 2006–2009 and 2012 Tribeca, WRX, and STI; and the 2009 and 2012 Legacy, Outback, and Forester. The 2006 Saab 9-2X, built by Subaru, is also included.

UPDATE 2/6/2017, 5:00 p.m.: BMW is recalling 230,117 cars in the U.S. that may have a Takata driver’s-side airbag. The company said it is possible that 1 percent of certain 2000–2003 models may have had their airbags replaced with a Takata unit during a service visit, whereas originally these models used non-ammonium-nitrate airbag inflators made by Petri AG. BMW said it shipped 14,600 Takata replacement airbag parts to U.S. dealers between 2002 and 2015 but had no way of knowing how many were actually installed. While some of the recalled vehicles are already under recall, many are new to our list below, which has been updated. The recalled vehicles include the 2000–2002 3-series sedan, coupe, wagon, convertible, and M3; the 2001–2002 5-series sedan, wagon, and M5; and the 2001–2003 X5. Owners will receive notification in March. Dealers will check for and replace any Takata airbags they find.

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UPDATE 2/27/2017, 6:30 p.m.: Takata has officially pleaded guilty to criminal wire fraud for covering up the engineering defects that have led to at least 17 deaths and the biggest recall in automotive history. The guilty plea comes six weeks after a Justice Department announcement that Takata had agreed to a $1 billion settlement, including $850 million to compensate automakers for repairs, $125 million for a victim settlement fund, and a $25 million criminal fine. Three Takata executives also have been charged with fraud.

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UPDATE 3/2/2017, 9:30 a.m.:Ford has recalled nearly 32,000 vehicles in North America for Takata-supplied driver’s-side front airbags that “may not completely fill, or the airbag cushion may detach from the airbag module due to misalignment of components within the airbag module.” Ford says this concern is not related to Takata’s rupture-prone airbags that use non-desiccated ammonium nitrate as propellant. The affected models are the 2016–2017 Ford Edge and Lincoln MKX and the 2017 Lincoln Continental; these vehicles have not been added to the list below because they’re being recalled for a separate issue.

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UPDATE 5/11/2017, 2:00 p.m.: Honda is urging owners in Hawaii to repair any affected 2001–2003 Honda and Acura models as soon as possible—or risk a 50 percent chance of the driver’s-side airbag inflator rupturing in a crash. The so-called Alpha inflators were the first Takata inflators to be recalled, and combined with Hawaii’s constant high heat and humidity, they are the most dangerous. Eight of the 10 airbag deaths within the U.S. were the result of these Alpha inflators. Honda says that Hawaii houses roughly 1100 unrepaired 2001–2003 vehicles with Alpha inflators; these are among approximately 26,000 unfixed Honda and Acura vehicles in the state that are affected by these Takata recalls. Honda also says that “0ver 74 percent” of these cars have been repaired nationwide, all with non-Takata replacement parts. For affected models, see our Acura and Honda lists below.

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UPDATE 5/19/2017, 5:30 p.m.: Four automakers—Toyota, Subaru, BMW, and Mazda—have agreed to pay a combined $553 million for economic losses. The automakers have jointly settled a class-action lawsuit demanding owners be compensated while their cars are undergoing repairs. Owners of approximately 15.8 million cars in the U.S. are eligible. The lawsuit does not compensate owners for any alleged lost resale value in their cars nor does it address personal injury or property damage claims. The court must approve the settlement before it is final.

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UPDATE 6/16/2017, 11:00 a.m.: Takata will file for bankruptcy “as early as next week,” according to sources speaking to Reuters. The filing is no surprise. Company finances began unraveling in early 2016 as lawsuits, fines, lost sales, declining stock values, and recall costs left Takata in the red with billions in liabilities. Key Safety Systems, a Michigan auto supplier owned by the Chinese electronics supplier Ningbo Joyson, is the purported buyer. Takata owes automakers $850 million for recall costs it must pay by 2018. The U.S. Justice Department is expected to be a creditor in the bankruptcy filing.

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UPDATE 6/26/2017, 11:30 a.m.: Takata officially filed for bankruptcy today and has agreed to sell the majority of its business to Key Safety Systems, a Michigan-based automotive supplier owned by Chinese electronics supplier Ningbo Joyson, for $1.6 billion.

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UPDATE 6/28/2017, 11:30 a.m.: Key Safety Systems (KSS) said it will drop the Takata name once the bankruptcy and sale are approved, according to KSS senior vice president Ron Feldeisen. The sale does not include Takata’s liabilities or its airbag business. Automakers are still unsure if they will be reimbursed for recall costs, and lawyers representing victims say the bankruptcy may limit their ability to collect damages.

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UPDATE 7/11/2017, 4:00 p.m.: Takata is recalling another 2.7 million airbag inflators in the United States for rupturing. Unlike all the other 100 million inflators recalled globally to date, these inflators contain a moisture-absorbing desiccant. Until now, Takata had said that only non-desiccated inflators were at risk for exploding shrapnel during a crash. These driver’s-side front airbags were manufactured between 2005 and 2012 and were installed on Ford, Mazda, and Nissan vehicles, Takata said in a NHTSA filing. Only inflators with the desiccant calcium sulfate are currently under recall; these inflators still contain the propellant ammonium nitrate. The affected automakers will release separate recalls at a later date.

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UPDATE 7/12/2017, 11:00 a.m.: Honda has confirmed another fatality from airbag ruptures in its vehicles, according to the Associated Press. On June 18, 2016, an 81-year-old man in Hialeah, Florida, allegedly was performing “unknown repairs” with a hammer while inside a 2001 Honda Accord. The vehicle was running, and the driver’s-side front airbag deployed and shot out shrapnel. Police and witnesses still do not know what the man was doing when he was found unconscious inside the car. He died the next day. This is the 12th fatality from faulty Takata airbags in the U.S., all but one in Honda vehicles. Of the tens of millions of cars under recall in the U.S., 2001–2003 Honda and Acura models are the most dangerous. NHTSA estimates that these cars have a 50-50 chance of an airbag rupturing.

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UPDATE 7/17/2017, 4:00 p.m.: Mazda is recalling 19,000 cars in South Africa—including the 2, 6, and RX-8—for 2003 and later models, according to Wheels24. About 70 million of the roughly 100 million airbag inflators under recall globally are in the U.S.

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UPDATE 7/21/2017, 2:30 p.m.: Ford is petitioning NHTSA to not recall 2.5 million cars declared defective by Takata earlier this month, according to Reuters. The automaker wants to continue testing but believes the particular inflators pose an “inconsequential” risk. The vehicles in question include: 2007–2011 Ranger, 2006–2012 Fusion and Lincoln MKZ, 2006–2011 Mercury Milan, and 2007–2010 Ford Edge and Lincoln MKX. In January, GM petitioned NHTSA to exempt certain 2007–2011 pickups and SUVs (based on the GMT900 platform) from recalls until the automaker finished its evaluations by late August. NHTSA has not granted or denied either petition.

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Also, Nissan has added 515,394 Versas, from model years 2007 through 2012, to this recall because the cars contain potentially defective inflators for their Takata-supplied driver’s-side airbags.

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UPDATE 7/24/2017, 9:45 a.m.:Reuters reports that an Australian man died in Sydney after he crashed his 2007 Honda CR-V and the airbag sent shrapnel into his neck. Honda confirmed to Reuters that the car had a defective airbag. The deaths of 18 people worldwide have now been attributed to these airbags.

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Also, Mazda is requesting that NHTSA not recall additional B-series pickups; this comes in conjunction with Ford’s recent petition that claims in part that airbags in many of its Ranger pickups do not pose a risk of rupturing. The B-series is a clone of the Ford Ranger.

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UPDATE 7/28/2017, 10:00 a.m.: Reuters reports that a 34-year-old woman in Holiday, Florida, was killed last week in a 2002 Honda Accord after the airbag ruptured during a head-on collision. While officials have not determined the exact cause of death, she is likely the 19th person to die from defective Takata airbags.

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UPDATE 8/9/2017, 12:30 p.m.: Nissan is the latest automaker to settle a civil lawsuit that will compensate owners for economic losses while they undergo repairs, provide rental cars to owners driving the most at-risk vehicles, and pay for advertising and outreach to encourage more owners to schedule repairs with their dealers. The $97.7 million settlement mirrors the $553 million settlement that BMW, Mazda, Toyota, and Subaru agreed to pay in May. A total of 4.4 million Nissan and Infiniti vehicles have been recalled in the U.S. Only 30 percent have been repaired.

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UPDATE 8/31/2017, 10:00 a.m.: Ford is recalling 650 brand-new vehicles in the United States that have defective airbags, although there is a critical difference from the general recall population of Takata inflators. Certain 2017 Ford Mustang and F-150 models have complete airbag modules built by Takata, while the faulty inflators inside the modules are made by ARC Automotive, a Tier 2 supplier in Knoxville, Tennessee. The passenger-side frontal airbags are affected. Takata notified Ford after it tested the airbags and found an “abnormal deployment,” Ford said. Since July 2015, NHTSA has been investigating ARC Automotive for defective airbag inflators after two ruptured in older-model Chrysler and Kia models not under the Takata recall. NHTSA currently estimates that up to eight million inflators may be defective in Chrysler, GM, Kia, and Hyundai models in the United States.

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UPDATE 10/6/2017, 4:00 p.m.: Mitsubishi is recalling the 2004–2006 Lancer, Lancer Evolution, and Lancer Sportback models a second time to replace Takata passenger-side airbag inflators. The initial May 2015 recall replaced them with the same Takata part since no inflators were available without ammonium nitrate. In a NHTSA filing, Mitsubishi said it now has a sufficient supply but declined to specify whether the new parts were made by Takata. Owners will be notified by next week.

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UPDATE 11/13/2017, 5:00 p.m.: Honda is recalling a small number of cars that may have had their passenger-side airbags incorrectly installed during a previous recall of 646 vehicles, according to Automotive News. The 2006–2011 Civic, 2007–2011 CR-V, 2008–2012 Accord, 2009–2012 Fit and Pilot, and 2010–2012 Crosstour and Insight are included, plus “one more Honda model yet to be specified.”

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UPDATE 11/29/2017, 10:45 a.m.: According to NHTSA, testing has shown that, in a large number of 2001–2003 Honda and Acura models, the Takata airbags’ PSDI “Alpha” inflators, if triggered, have a one in two chance of “explod[ing] like a grenade.” Affected vehicles, which NHTSA and Honda are calling “Alpha cars,” include the 2001–2002 Accord and Civic, the 2002 Honda CR-V and Odyssey, the 2002–2003 Acura 3.2TL, the 2003 Acura 3.2CL, and the 2003 Honda Pilot. As of last week, there are roughly 137,000 Alpha Hondas that still need repair, a Honda spokesman told Car and Driver; about 100,000 of those vehicles are believed to be still on the road. The cars’ high chance of a defective airbag has had Honda and even some local governments trying alternative methods to reach owners of affected vehicles, including Facebook messages, bilingual inserts in residents’ water bills, and even door-to-door canvassing.

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UPDATE 12/20/2017, 12:00 p.m.: Honda has confirmed that a 20th person has died as a result of a faulty Takata airbag. The latest instance occurred when a 2004 Civic crashed on July 10 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and its airbag exploded. According to the Associated Press, the car’s defective airbag had likely been salvaged from a 2002 Civic at some point. The car was part of the massive recall described in this ongoing story but hadn’t been fixed.

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UPDATE 1/8/2018, 12:00 p.m.: Takata has announced the recall of another 3.3 million front-airbag inflators. These include original-equipment and replacement parts in vehicles from the 2009, 2010, and 2013 model years produced by automakers Audi, BMW, Fiat Chrysler, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Jaguar Land Rover, Mazda, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Subaru, Tesla, and Toyota.

UPDATE 1/10/2018, 10:30 a.m.: Toyota has announced the specifics of its involvement in the latest expansion of these recalls described earlier this week. The company is recalling an additional 601,300 vehicles, none of which are models or model years that are new to the master list below. The affected vehicles are: 2009–2010 and 2013 Scion xB; 2009–2010 and 2013 Toyota Corolla and Corolla Matrix, 2009–2010 Yaris, 2010 and 2013 4Runner, 2013 Sienna; 2009–2010 and 2013 Lexus IS250/350, IS250C/350C, and IS F, 2009–2010 ES350, and 2010 and 2013 GX460. Toyota will notify owners of the affected vehicles by mail by early March.

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UPDATE 1/11/2018, 2:30 p.m.: Ford has recalled 2712 U.S.-market Ranger pickups from the 2006 model year and advised owners to stop driving the vehicles immediately. This comes after news that the driver of a 2006 Ranger died as a result of a defective Takata-supplied driver’s-side airbag inflator that ruptured in a July 1, 2017, crash in West Virginia. This marks the second Takata-related death in a Ranger and the 21st worldwide; the airbag inflator in the vehicle involved in this crash was built on the same day as the one in the other crash, which occurred in South Carolina in December 2015. Rangers from model years 2004 through 2011 had already been part of this massive recall. The trucks in today’s recall, Ford notes, include “certain 2006 Ford Rangers built at Twin Cities Assembly Plant from August 10, 2005, to December 15, 2005.”

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UPDATE 1/18/2018, 1:00 p.m.: In addition to Toyota and Ford, more automakers have released recall information for Takata’s latest expansion of front-passenger airbag inflators announced on January 8. The additions below include vehicles that have already been recalled for driver’s-side inflators. Owners will be contacted to schedule repairs.

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Audi is recalling 10,166 vehicles to replace the passenger-side inflators, which include the 2009 A4/S4 cabriolet and 2009–2011 A6/S6.

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BMW is recalling 41,808 vehicles to replace the passenger-side inflators, which includes all variants of the 2007–2013 X5 and 2009–2013 X6.

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Daimler is recalling 17,413 vans to replace the passenger-side inflators, which include the 2013 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 2500/3500 and the Freightliner Sprinter 2500/3500.

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Ferrari is recalling 1073 vehicles to replace the passenger-side inflators, which include the 2013 458 Italia and Spider, California, FF, and F12berlinetta.

Ford, in addition to recalling the 2006 Ranger for both driver and passenger airbag inflators, is recalling the 2009–2010 Edge, Fusion, Mustang, Ranger, Mercury Milan, Lincoln MKX, and Lincoln MKZ to replace the passenger-side inflator. The 2013 Mustang also is included. A total of 327,796 vehicles are affected.

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Honda is recalling 716,671 cars to replace the passenger-side inflator. These are the 2009–2011 Element and Civic (including the Civic Hybrid and NGV); 2009–2012 Accord and Acura RL; 2009–2013 Fit, Pilot, Ridgeline, and Acura TSX; 2010–2013 Accord Crosstour, Insight, and Acura ZDX; 2011–2013 Acura TSX Sports Wagon; and the 2013 Fit EV and FCX Clarity. Also included are the 2009–2010 and 2012–2016 GL 1800 Gold Wing motorcycles. A total of 960 bikes are affected.

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Jaguar Land Rover is recalling 36,520 vehicles to replace the passenger-side inflators, including the 2009–2012 Range Rover and Jaguar XF. The 2009–2015 XF also is included.

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Mazda is recalling 71,078 vehicles to replace passenger-side inflators. Affected are the 2009 B-series; 2009–2010 RX-8, 6 sedan, CX-7, and CX-9; and the 2013 CX-9 and 6 sedan. Mazda is also recalling the 2006 B-series pickup to replace both driver and passenger airbag inflators. The B-series is mechanically identical to the 2006 Ford Ranger that had been involved in at least two fatal airbag ruptures. A total of 160 vehicles are affected.

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McLaren is recalling 231 vehicles to replace the passenger-side inflators, which include the 2013 MP4-12C.

Nissan is recalling 52,614 vehicles to replace the passenger-side inflators. The 2009–2012 Versa hatchback and 2011 Versa sedan are affected.

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Subaru is recalling 229,538 vehicles to replace the passenger-side inflators. Affected models include the 2009–2010 Impreza and the 2009, 2010, and 2013 Forester, Legacy, Outback, Tribeca, and WRX.

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Tesla is recalling 17,846 vehicles to replace the passenger-side inflators, which include the 2013 Model S.

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Toyota is recalling 14,585 vehicles to replace the passenger-side inflators, which include the 2010–2012 Yaris.

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UPDATE 1/18/2018, 6:00 p.m.: The Associated Press reports that another person has died as a result of a defective Takata airbag. The latest fatality was Nichol Barker, 34, of Holiday, Florida. According to AP and the lead investigator, Chester T. Everett, she “was struck by metal pieces that burst through the Takata airbag, causing a six-by-three-inch gaping wound to her left temple, a fractured skull, and bruising and bleeding on her brain.” On July 19, 2017, Barker was driving a 2002 Honda Accord at about 30 mph when it collided with a car that had turned left in front of her. The other three occupants in her car, including two children, received no more than minor injuries. This is at least the 22nd death that has resulted from a faulty Takata airbag, many of which have occurred in Hondas of the same vintage.

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UPDATE 2/12/2018, 12:30 p.m.: Ford has greatly expanded its recall of the 2006 Ranger and is now advising owners of 30,603 U.S.-market vehicles to immediately stop driving them. The vehicles in question had already been affected by this far-reaching recall of Takata-supplied airbag inflators, but they’re now considered to have “a higher risk of rupturing in the event of a crash than other recalled Takata inflators.” The affected vehicles were built at Ford’s Twin Cities Assembly Plant between August 5, 2005, and December 15, 2005. Last month, Ford made a similar pronouncement about 2712 Rangers from the 2006 model year. In total, this recall (Ford reference number 18S02) now affects 36,330 2006 Rangers in the U.S. and Canada.

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UPDATE 2/14/2018, 11:30 a.m.: As part of ongoing bankruptcy negotiations, Takata will pay $125 million to victims or their families who have been injured or killed, according to Automotive News. Eric D. Green, a professor at Harvard Law School, is managing the fund that, as of now, will include only U.S. claims. Automakers will receive $850 million in compensation for the recalls, $189 million of which will be divided among GM, Ford, and FCA to pay for victim claims filed against them. The settlements are not yet final.

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UPDATE 2/23/2018, 11:00 a.m.: Takata has settled with 44 states and the District of Columbia for violating consumer protection laws but will not pay a dime in penalties. Technically, Takata agreed to a $650 million civil penalty, but the attorneys general understood the company would never be able to write a check. “Since the company has filed for bankruptcy protection and cannot pay its debts, the [states] agreed not to collect this civil penalty in order to maximize the recovery available to consumers who were the victims of this airbag defect,” said South Carolina attorney general Alan Wilson in a statement. Takata will instead reimburse the states for all legal costs and agree not to “falsify or manipulate testing data,” among other stipulations already enforced by NHTSA.

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UPDATE 2/27/2018, 7:00 p.m.: The Australian government has announced the mandatory recall of nearly four million cars equipped with Takata-sourced airbag inflators, according to news.com.au. This will supplement a voluntary recall from last fall that saw approximately 1.7 million vehicles affected. Michael Sukkar, assistant minister to the treasurer, noted that this equates to almost 30 percent of vehicles (“around two in seven”) currently on the road in the country. A list of affected vehicles is available at news.com.au. Many of these vehicles coincide with the long list of recalled U.S.-market models listed at the bottom of this page.

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Last July, Honda confirmed that a man in Australia died because of injuries that resulted from a defective airbag in a 2007 CR-V.

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UPDATE 3/2/2018, 6:00 p.m.: Owners of affected Ford, Mazda, and Fiat Chrysler vehicles in the greater Houston area can opt to schedule a repair in their driveways or office parking lots. The automakers have jointly paid for a door-to-door campaign to alert owners who haven’t fixed their cars. Owners may also receive a loaner or a tow to the nearby dealer, as needed. Honda began a similar canvassing program a year ago. The state of Texas has the second-highest number of unrepaired vehicles nationwide, and the Houston area is just one of many that is particularly hot and humid, two conditions that make the airbag inflators more likely to rupture. Two people from the Houston area have died from ruptured Takata inflators.

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UPDATE 3/15/2018, 10:30 a.m.: Lawyers representing owners of Volkswagen Group, Mercedes-Benz, GM, and FCA models claim that the automakers intentionally delayed action against recalling defective inflators despite knowing about them for years prior to the 2014 recall and, in some cases, well before Honda’s first recall in 2008. The suits are part of the multi-district litigation filed to the U.S. District Court in Miami seeking economic damages. They follow the $553-million class-action suit brought against Toyota, BMW, Mazda, and Subaru in May 2017. Honda settled for $605 million and Nissan for $97.7 million in August 2017.

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AFFECTED VEHICLES (total U.S.-market number in parentheses, if known):

Yes, you can lease any new car for $199 per month—provided, of course, that you pay down the capital cost enough at signing the lease, your credit is sturdy enough, and there’s a leasing company that will write the deal. But that’s not the subject of this story.

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The goal here is to gather a representative sample of the factory-advertised lease offers clustered around $199 per month. We then, in one chart, guide you toward those that are great deals and away from those that are sneakily expensive.

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This isn’t meant to be a comprehensive database. Instead, it’s a survey of the offers on manufacturer websites around the $199 price point. These are the commodity cars and trucks, the new vehicles that hit the road in huge numbers—although that doesn’t mean there’s nothing here for car enthusiasts.

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Getting the absolute best deal means putting in work beyond reading this story. It means researching not only what vehicle to lease, but doing some smart shopping for the financial products that support your acquisition. A lease is a contract, and the elements of that contract are negotiable at some level. And it may be that working with a bank, leasing company, or credit union may yield an even better deal than what the manufacturers offer; it never hurts to shop around. Keep in mind that these offers generally require a stellar credit rating. Those of us with lousier financial reputations can expect to pay more.

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Use our survey as a baseline for your research. Then make some calls, be honest about your financial situation and credit rating, and be prepared to shop for everything: purchase price of the new vehicle, the residual value contracted at the end of the lease, mileage allowances, and the interest rate of the money used to support the transaction.

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The $199 target price here is loose—some regions can offer the same vehicle at lower or higher rates. The charts include calculations for the total cost of each lease: money due at signing, total monthly payments, and additional costs such as lease-end disposition fees. Then we divide that total by the number of allotted miles in the lease to calculate a cost-per-mile charge assuming full use of the agreed-upon miles. If a manufacturer offers a $199 deal in one region, we’ll include that vehicle for all four ZIP codes from which we’re harvesting—in Southern California, Chicago, Ann Arbor, and New York City—even if the deal carries a nominal price higher or lower than $199 per month.

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Every month the deals change. And this month, here are the highlights.

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Deals of the Month

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Live in Michigan? Then Ford has a killer deal for you on a new Fusion SE. Just $119 per month after $1449 at signing. Yes, this lease only runs two years and 20,000 miles, but the cost per mile is just 20 cents. And any additional miles will be charged at only 15 cents each. Surprisingly, this deal isn’t restricted to Ford employees but to virtually any Michigander with a lofty credit rating. Meanwhile in Chicago, the same Fusion is $209 per month with $2669 due at signing—that’s 32 cents per mile.

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The Autumn of the Accord Coupe

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Honda held out as long as it could. Low-key, mainstream, mid-size two-doors had been long ago abandoned by other manufacturers in the face of overwhelming consumer disinterest, but Honda kept pumping out the Accord coupe right up until the end of the 2017 model year. And while Honda isn’t making the Accord coupe anymore, there are enough left in dealer inventories that Honda is offering the four-cylinder Accord LX-S coupe on three-year leases for $189 or $169 a month. Factor in the money due at signing, and both leases cost the same $9014 over their life span. But hurry, because once these Accord coupes are gone, they’re gone.

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Welcome to the Fray (Part One)

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Now competing for your $199-per-month lease attention, here’s Hyundai’s new Kona, a small, SUV-like crossovery thing. It’s yours on a three-year lease for $199 a month after $2399 at signing. Be the first on your block to get one. Or two.

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Welcome to the Fray (Part Two)

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Also new to the list this month is Mitsubishi’s Eclipse Cross, which is also kind of small and SUV-like. Powered by a turbocharged 1.5-liter inline-four, this is a promising new entry from Mitsubishi, even if some may view the use of the once-beloved Eclipse name on something other than a sports coupe as a betrayal of sorts. Mitsubishi is promoting leases of $189 per month for the front-drive Eclipse Cross and $257 per month for the all-wheel-drive version. But Mitsu is also asking a hefty $4388 at signing for the front-driver and $4531 for the AWD version.

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Driver’s Choice

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Honda is still offering the sublime, 205-hp, six-speed-manual-only 2018 Civic Si in both coupe and sedan form near this price point: $209 or $229 per month with modest buy ins. We’ll keep mentioning this killer deal until you succumb and sign up for a lease—or Honda kills the deals.

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Old Ironsides

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Nissan is offering its well-seasoned, proven, classic—okay, it’s old, old, old—Frontier pickup at just $209 per month for a 4×4 after $3369 at signing on a three-year lease. But that’s only in the New York City region. The rest of us have to hack up $299 per month and put down between $2999 and $3999.

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No-Money-Down Subaru

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Subaru offers several leases near the $199 price point, including an Impreza hatchback with a five-speed manual transmission, with nothing due at signing. That’s a lot of Subie even if you’re short on cash.

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Michigan Is Chevy Country

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If you’re a General Motors employee in Michigan, Chevy is giving you the opportunity to acquire a new Silverado Double Cab 4×4 for $199 a month after $1949 at signing. That’s chump change for a full-size pickup. Keep in mind it’s for a low-mileage, two-year lease, but that’s still a lot of truck for the buck. Those who don’t work for GM and don’t live in Michigan? They pay more.

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Michigan Is Ram Country

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Fiat Chrysler employees in Michigan can get their own screaming deal on a full-size pickup. FCA is offering them the opportunity to acquire a crew-cab Ram 1500 4×2 for $189 a month after a measly $1148 at signing. Again, it’s for a low-mileage, two-year lease, but that’s still a lot of truck for the buck. Those who don’t work for FCA and don’t live in Michigan? They pay more.

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Michigan Is Ford Country

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Not to be left out, Ford is offering Michigan residents the F-150 XLT SuperCrew 4×4 for just $139 a month after $2229 at signing. As you’ve probably guessed, that offer is for a low-mileage, two-year lease. The big news here is that you don’t have to be a Ford employee. Ford is happy to lease an F-150 to GM employees, FCA employees, the self-employed, and the unemployed—provided their credit is good enough.

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Remember the 6

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The Mazda 6 is a silky-smooth mid-size sedan that is often overlooked in the marketplace. But it’s there, and if you’re in the New York metropolitan area, a three-year, 36,000-mile lease is available for only $149 per month after $2499 at signing. That’s a bargain at only 21 cents per mile. It’s also a good chunk cheaper than what you’ll pay in other parts of the country.

The automotive industry settles into the core of the leasing year in February. The previous model year’s inventory is pretty much all cleared away, the gift-giving holidays are a couple of months behind us, and the President’s Day long weekend provides a bonus shopping opportunity. And if you’re one of those industrious types who files your income taxes right away, you might have tax-refund money burning a hole in your pocket.

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This isn’t meant to be a comprehensive database. Instead it’s a survey of the deals around the $199 price point offered on manufacturer websites. They beckon you into a world where you always drive a newish vehicle and maybe a nicer vehicle than what you could pay for outright. Still, these are commodity cars and trucks, the new vehicles that hit the road in huge numbers. That doesn’t mean there’s nothing here for enthusiasts, but don’t expect six-figure profilers.

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Getting the absolute best deal means putting in work beyond reading this story. It means researching not only what vehicle to lease but also doing some smart shopping for the financial products that support your acquisition. A lease is a contract, and the elements of that contract are negotiable at some level. And it may be that working with a bank, a leasing company, or a credit union could yield an even better deal than what the manufacturers offer; it never hurts to shop around. Keep in mind that these offers generally require a stellar credit rating. Those of us with lousier financial reputations can expect to pay more.

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Use our survey as a baseline for your research. Then make some calls, be honest about your financial situation and credit rating, and be prepared to shop for everything from purchase price of the new vehicle, the residual value contracted at the end of the lease, mileage allowances, and the interest rate of the money used to support the transaction.

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The $199 target price here is a loose one—some regions can offer the same vehicle at lower or higher rates. The charts include calculations for the total cost of each lease: money due at signing, total monthly payments, and additional costs like lease-end disposition fees. Then we divide that total by the number of allotted miles in the lease to calculate a cost-per-mile charge assuming full use of the agreed-upon miles. If a manufacturer offers a $199 deal in one region, we’ll include that vehicle for all four ZIP codes from which we’re harvesting—in Southern California, Chicago, Ann Arbor, and New York City—even if the deal carries a nominal price higher or lower than $199 per month.

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Every month the deals change. And this month, here are the highlights.

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Deals of the Month

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There’s no more competitive segment of the vehicle market than that for full-size pickup trucks. And this month, for the first time in recent memory, Chevrolet, Ram, and Ford are all offering their mainstream trucks with come-hither leases in some regions. Both General Motors and Ram have already shown their upcoming next-generation pickups, but they’re still churning out their old ones in massive numbers, and that metal has to be moved. Meanwhile, Ford is aggressively countering that with deals on the F-150 structured around incentives on the smaller, 2.7-liter version of the twin-turbocharged EcoBoost V-6.

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Many of these deals need a big chunk of cash at signing, so don’t leap at any of them without careful consideration.

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Acura Is Back

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The ILX has been around a while and doesn’t sell in vast numbers. And that’s the recipe for a good deal. A near-luxury small sedan with a sophisticated eight-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission for only $199 per month after $2499 at signing. The lease runs three years and 30,000 miles, with additional miles at a reasonable 15 cents each.

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Two Doors Down

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This month’s $199 deal list runs to 242 different deals. Only eight of them are on two-door coupes. That’s two regional deals on the V-6–powered 2018 Dodge Challenger SXT (both of which require coming out of existing FCA leases), two different deals on leftover 2017 Honda Accord coupes (there is no 2018 Accord coupe), and four on versions of the Honda Civic coupe—including two on the delectable Si.

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Yes, It’s a Real Thing

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Ford has been almost clandestine in the launch of its new smaller-than-the-Escape, made-in-India EcoSport crossover. The company even sold 500 of them in January, Ford’s Mike Levine told C/D in a phone conversation. Who knew? There are four EcoSport deals listed this month, with monthly payments starting as low as $169 per month.

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Not Cheap Enough

No Money, No Problem

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Not all of us get thick tax-refund checks. But Subaru, Toyota, and Kia all offer deals near this price point that don’t require any money at signing. They’re not available in all regions, so shop around. The electric version of Kia’s Soul, for instance, can be had for zero down and only $179 per month in the New York City metro area. It’s the cheapest way to adopt an all-zap lifestyle.

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Driver’s Choice, Now More Expensive

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Honda still offers the sublime 205-hp, six-speed-manual-only 2018 Civic Si in both coupe and sedan versions near this price point. But the prices have risen this month to either $209 or $229 per month. So, you should have gotten the killer deals last month.

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Passat?

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Volkswagen roars back onto the list this month with solid offers on the mid-size Passat sedan. That is, if a Passat can roar at all. In the New York City area, a 2018 Passat can be had for $179 per month after $2999 at signing. But keep in mind that the 36-month lease includes only 30,000 miles of use with additional miles at 20 cents apiece.

Delphi’s Dynamic Skip Fire (DSF) technology is making its production debut in some versions of the fully redesigned 2019 Chevrolet Silverado with 5.3- and 6.2-liter V-8 engines, in which it will be called Dynamic Fuel Management.

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For GM, it marks the most significant upgrade the technology has received since it was introduced in its current form in 2005. Chevrolet hasn’t talked Silverado-specific improvements, but Delphi said that, in general, the new technology could boost fuel economy by 5 percent compared with existing deactivation systems that shut off specific cylinders or entire cylinder banks during cruising or coasting.

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Cylinder-deactivation systems have been under the hood of a wide range of U.S.-market vehicles for decades—even the V-12 Lamborghini Aventador and the new Mercedes-AMG S63—but the common criticism is that engines so equipped are less refined in their cylinder-cutoff modes and that their transitions on and off are quite noticeable. This new dynamic system could do away with the harsh transitions and vibrations that can accompany such systems.

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DSF doesn’t prioritize specific cylinders. While the firing pattern it follows might appear totally random, it’s dictated by an algorithm created by Tula, a California company founded in 2008 by Adya Tripathi, with General Motors one of its original strategic investors. Still, although there’s an algorithm, there are no preordained templates or patterns. The decision on whether a cylinder fires or not is made on an event-by-event basis. And while the algorithm aims to smooth vibration and keep heat distributed well, the priority is cylinder loading. Based on a broader snapshot, at a certain sustained engine load, the system targets a specific firing density—how many cylinders fire over a specific time to achieve the right loading.

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Running Wide Open

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The technology makes a bigger difference on engines that are less loaded during steady-state cruising and light acceleration; it is claimed by Delphi to deliver a U.S. driving-cycle carbon-dioxide reduction (and mileage gain) of more than 15 percent on a V-8 or about 7 percent on a four-cylinder. One key to Dynamic Skip Fire’s efficiency gains is that it reduces pumping losses by putting far more load on the individual cylinders that are fired—so the efficiency of the entire engine increases.

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That max-loading concept means that the system adjusts output with the firing frequency, not the throttle, and cylinders fire less often than with existing cylinder-deactivation systems. In light- or medium-load highway driving, DSF can fire a four-cylinder engine at the equivalent of a 1.5-cylinder engine; in very light-load conditions and under 31 mph, it can run the engine at what amounts to the level of a 0.8-cylinder engine. GM hasn’t yet revealed specifics of how the system works in the trucks, but the company said it is using its own calibration and noted that it can operate on as small a scale as one cylinder.

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But with fewer individual pulses of combustion, those pulses are stronger. The algorithm aims to counter vibrations, but adding a belt-based mild-hybrid system and the flat torque output from the electric motor helps smooth out the engine, and it can widen the range—both in revs and engine load—at which cylinder deactivation can take place, including coasting with all the cylinders off. (GM’s version does not incorporate the electrified components.)

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And there’s one really neat other thing that the system does in conjunction with the motor system: Tula’s software controls help further smooth the system by pulsing the hybrid motor in sync with Skip Fire’s engine-torque pulses.

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To prove this concept, last year Delphi installed the technology—called eDSF when it’s joined with a 48-volt mild hybrid system—in a current-generation Volkswagen Passat with a turbocharged 1.8-liter four-cylinder engine and a six-speed automatic transmission. At this year’s CES, Delphi took the car a step further by adding an electric turbocharger, which it calls an e-charger. The e-charger doesn’t replace the existing turbocharger but instead supplements it—enabling a supercharger-like kick of torque off the line, as well as quickened throttle response to help when the engine is restarted and to make up for the slight lag that it and the other components can introduce.

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DSF requires a Tula co-processor that operates with the powertrain controller; it also adds a few more sensors, plus output drivers and deactivation components for the valvetrain. A cylinder is deactivated via a simple mechanism that places a pin at one end of a roller finger follower; engine oil pressure moves an anchor pin out of the way, allowing the follower to move while keeping the valve closed.

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Heard, Not Felt

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A few weeks ago, we previewed the updated system on public roads, and it works exactly as described. Keeping light on the accelerator enabled DSF, but pressing past maybe a quarter of the accelerator’s travel bypassed it. And because of the e-charger in the prototype Passat we rode in, off-the-line acceleration felt especially perky. Delphi’s display in the car showed us which cylinders were firing and when, but we couldn’t perceive the transitions as it went from firing all four cylinders as in a non-DSF-equipped car to its various partial-firing modes and back. The only sensory indication when the system was operating was auditory, not physical, sounding as if the engine were being lugged at much lower rpm than it was actually spinning.

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In this four-cylinder demonstration, the company only enabled DSF from about 1500 rpm but said it could lower that threshold if combined with the full suite of technologies, adding that it would be quite a bit lower for a torque-rich V-8. The test VW, according to Delphi, achieves more than a 15 percent boost in fuel economy, increased low-end torque, and a zero-to-19-mph time that is improved by 20 percent.

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On its own, Dynamic Skip Fire produces mileage gains in the range of 5 to 10 percent on a V-8 engine. And while it’s actually bringing up the NOx emissions level a little bit from each individual cylinder fire, those cylinders aren’t firing nearly as often, so overall NOx levels are down, too.

The reality is that over the next decade, the vast majority—about 95 percent of the vehicles sold in 2025—will still have an internal-combustion engine under the hood. Delphi said it sees hybrids growing to 31 million vehicles annually by then, or which it believes 65 percent will be 48-volt mild hybrids. The market for nonhybrid gasoline-powered vehicles is expected to fall by 20 percent during that time, but with tech like smarter cylinder deactivation—in these upcoming GM V-8 trucks, for instance—the workhorses aren’t going to get left behind.

-]]>http://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/2019-chevy-gmc-trucks-get-smarter-fuel-saving-cylinder-deactivation/feed/02019 Chevy Silverado 1500 | Chevy brings back the diesel | 2018 NAIAShttp://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/2019-chevy-silverado-1500-chevy-brings-back-the-diesel-2018-naias/
http://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/2019-chevy-silverado-1500-chevy-brings-back-the-diesel-2018-naias/#commentsMon, 15 Jan 2018 22:56:00 +0000https://www.autoblog.com/2018/01/15/2019-chevy-silverado-1500-chevy-brings-back-the-diesel-2018/Filed under:
Videos,Detroit Auto Show,Chevrolet,Autoblog Minute,Original VideoLike a rock. A big, steel rock. With some aluminum. And a diesel engine. 2018 is going to be a big year for Chevrolet. To help kick off the 100th anniversary of GM trucks, the automaker revealed the full details of the all-new 2019 Chevy Silverado 1500 just ahead of the Detroit Auto Show.

Launched in 1960, the Chevrolet C/K-series pickup ushered in a new era of pickup design, styling, and comfort for the bow-tie brand. When the second-generation C/K series arrived in 1967 featuring a revised suspension and now-classic styling, it made the concept of using a single truck for work and play more viable than ever, earning it a well-deserved place in the hearts and minds of a generation. With bona fides like that, it was inevitable that the C/K would play a leading role in Chevy’s centennial truck celebration.

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Not content to simply plunk a clean survivor or a well-restored example on its stand at SEMA, Chevrolet sourced a rare ’67 C-10 long-bed pickup equipped with the rare large rear-window option and let its in-house team work its magic. After shortening the frame and cargo box, they applied a coat of Centennial Blue paint and then lowered the suspension with modified front control arms, dropped spindles, and custom springs. A front disc-brake conversion with genuine Chevrolet parts replaced the hoary old drums, and a set of 20-inch forged aluminum wheels (8.5 inches wide in front, 10 inches wide in the rear) replaced the original steelies and were wrapped in 255/40 and 295/40 rubber. Several classic and modern hot-rodding touches finish off the exterior: smoothed and tucked bumpers and tailgate, brushed aluminum trim, LED lighting inside and out, custom gauges in the instrument cluster, an updated bench seat—with a Chevrolet logo, natch—and porcelain white interior trim accents.

As with most restorods, the best parts are found under the hood. In this case, that means a Chevrolet Performance ZZ6 small-block crate engine pumping out 405 horsepower and 430 lb-ft of torque. Gear swaps are handled by a tried and true 4L65-E electronically controlled four-speed automatic transmission. Chosen specifically to illustrate the simplicity of configuring a build with the maker’s Connect & Cruise lineup of factory crate powertrains, the build also utilizes the supplied engine and transmission controllers and installation kit.

It has been years since Chevrolet has offered a high-performance version of its Silverado pickup truck, but a new concept for this year’s SEMA show imagines what a revival of the Silverado SS could look like. Called the Silverado Performance concept, this street-oriented truck packs a supercharger, upgraded brakes, performance tires, and a bit more visual aggression courtesy of some surprisingly tasteful exterior tweaks.

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It’s what’s under the hood that makes the Silverado Performance concept so appealing: a supercharged version of the 5.3-liter V-8 making somewhere around 455 horses, or 100 ponies more than stock. Chevy says that the supercharger itself is the same as the unit used in the Corvette Zo6 and Camaro ZL1’s LT4 V-8, although that just makes us want to see a Silverado with that 650-hp 6.2-liter motor. In addition to the extra grunt, the Silverado also gets six-piston Brembo brakes up front and 22-inch wheels with performance tires. Since the truck is devoid of any 4×4 badges, we’ll assume that it is rear-wheel drive—all the better for burnouts, of course.

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Finished in Satin Steel Gray, this concept truck has a subtly different grille treatment that combines with the larger wheels, smoked headlights and taillights, and darkened window moldings to make for a subtly aggressive look. A cat-back exhaust system and a cold-air intake are also part of the package, as are interior pieces such as a suede steering wheel, carbon-fiber-look gauges, and a dash performance logger app.

GM isn’t saying anything about producing this high-po Silverado, but a street-performance truck like this would be a nice alternative to the off-road-oriented Ford F-150 Raptor and Ram Rebel. Let’s hope that Chevrolet will see fit to send off the current-generation Silverado—a new one is on the horizon—with something like this cool concept.

Chevrolet’s truck business turns 100 years old in the 2018 model year, and there is no better place for it to kick off the celebrations than at the Lone Star State gala that is the Texas State Fair, in the heart of truck country. Headlining the festivities, which Chevy said will continue over the next few months, are the 2018 Silverado 1500 and Colorado Centennial Editions.

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Available only as off-road-oriented Z71 models, the lightly bedazzled commemorative pickups are notable for their Centennial Blue paint and the “heritage inspired” bow-tie emblems adorning their grilles, front doors, and tailgates. Ringed in chrome with dark blue centers in place of the traditional Chevy gold, the special bow tie also sports the word Chevrolet in a chrome script that harks back to some of the brand’s earliest rigs, including the original 1918 One-Ton. Both trucks also feature 100-year badges on the front doors, chrome tow hooks, and more bow ties on their spray-in bedliners and floor mats.

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Other additions for the four-wheel-drive, crew-cab-only Silverado version include the LTZ trim level of equipment, 22-inch painted alloy wheels with chrome inserts, and yet another chrome bow tie on the steering wheel. The mid-size Colorado Centennial is available as either a crew cab or an extended cab, with rear- or four-wheel drive. It’s further dressed up with 18-inch wheels, a body-color rear bumper and grille surround, and chrome mirror caps, door handles, and body moldings.

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Chevrolet hasn’t released pricing yet for either model, but the modest dress-ups should add around $3000 to the prices of the trucks’ non-celebratory counterparts. A regular 2018 Silverado 1500 LTZ Z71, for example, starts at $50,485 with a 5.3-liter V-8 and an eight-speed automatic transmission. The extended-cab 2018 Colorado Z71 4×2 with a 2.5-liter inline-four and a six-speed automatic has a base sticker of $30,465, with starting MSRPs surpassing $40K as you add the crew-cab body, four-wheel drive, and the larger 3.6-liter V-6 or the turbo-diesel 2.8-liter inline-four.

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Because 100 years is a pretty big deal, Chevrolet also has cooked up some additional birthday tie-ins for the bow-tie faithful: a Centennial-edition run of Phoenix bass boats and 24-foot enclosed inTech trailers, both of which are done up to match the pickups, as well as a custom 1967 Chevrolet C-10 show truck that will be on display at this year’s SEMA show. The party continues with the nationwide rollout of the brand’s Truck Legends program (it was previously only offered in Texas), which is a free membership-based program that rewards Chevy’s most loyal truck owners with swag, an online community, and access to special Chevrolet events and experiences.

The whole 100-day celebration culminates with a shindig on December 16 at Texas Motor Speedway. By then, you’ll be able to roll up in your special-edition Chevy truck, as the Centennial Silverado goes on sale in October and the Colorado follows in November.

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]]>http://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/heres-why-automakers-roll-out-those-texas-themed-pickup-trucks/feed/0Stealers Wheel: Thieves Steal More Than $200,000 in Wheels and Tires from Texas Dealershiphttp://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/stealers-wheel-thieves-steal-more-than-200000-in-wheels-and-tires-from-texas-dealership/
http://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/stealers-wheel-thieves-steal-more-than-200000-in-wheels-and-tires-from-texas-dealership/#commentsFri, 26 Aug 2016 18:55:16 +0000http://blog.caranddriver.com/?p=322494Last weekend was a bad time to be a Chevrolet dealer in Tyler, Texas. That’s when thieves broke in to Peltier Chevrolet and removed more than $200,000 in rolling stock right from the axles of vehicles on the lot. According to a report in Automotive News, the staff arrived in the morning to find 48 vehicles, including Camaros, Traverse crossovers, and Silverado pickups, missing their wheels and tires. Initial police reports indicate the theft began around 1:00 in the early morning of Sunday, August 21.-

Although the lot was secured, the police say the thieves cut the locks on the gates at the rear of the dealership, where much of the inventory was kept, and “knocked out” the bright security lights that are generally on at night. Although security footage shows a large box truck arriving at 1:22 a.m., the lack of lighting prevents the video from revealing the number or identities of the alleged thieves.

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The manager of the dealership currently pegs the loss at $200,000 to $250,000 and notes that most of the wheels were of the 20- to 22-inch variety, while others were “nothing out of the ordinary.” The estimated monetary loss may sound unbelievable for wheels and tires for 48 cars; but consider that original-equipment tires—without wheels and tire-pressure monitoring sensors—for the Camaro SS run approximately $1100 for a set of four. Adding to the loss is the fact that many of the vehicles were damaged by being dropped directly to the ground or placed improperly on blocks.

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Doing the arithmetic reveals that the perps were no strangers to the business end of an impact wrench. Barring the presence of a few formula-skewing three-wheeled Morgans or Robin Reliants among the 48 burgled cars, the theft amounts to a total of 192 wheels. Considering the approximately four-hour window that the police figure it took to perpetrate the crime, that’s a theft rate of one wheel every 1.25 minutes. And the thieves removed nearly 1000 lug nuts in the dark. Whoever the perps are, clearly Rowdy Burns needs to hire these guys. They also must have been packing plenty of spare battery packs for the cordless impact guns that we assume they used in the heist.

The month of August this year sees a record number of U.S. teens turning 16 and becoming eligible for their first driver’s licenses—and a corresponding spike in parental angst as their children undertake the activity that is most likely to kill them. In an effort to assuage the fears of parents, Chevrolet has expanded its offering of the Teen Driver Technology feature that gives parents more oversight of driving activities and may help curb dangerous behaviors.

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The first to get it was the 2016 Chevy Malibu. For 2017, the feature will be available on 10 of the brand’s vehicles: the Bolt, Camaro, Colorado, Cruze, Malibu, Silverado, Silverado HD, Suburban, Tahoe, and Volt.

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Here’s how it works: Parents register their teen’s key fob in the vehicle’s system settings, and when the car recognizes that fob is in use, it tracks some driving behaviors and limits others. For example, the feature will mute the radio and any paired devices until seatbelts are buckled, and it will give audible and visual warnings when the vehicle travels faster than preset speeds. All available active-safety features, such as lane-departure warning and stability control, are automatically enabled and cannot be turned off by teen drivers.

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Once teens return home, parents can view what Chevy touts as an industry-first report card. Depending on how the Chevy is equipped, it can offer information on the distance traveled, number of over-speed warnings—including “wide-open-throttle events”—plus forward-collision alerts, instances of tailgating, and other data points. For now, that data must be viewed in the car, but it’d be easy to foresee a future when it could be relayed from a vehicle’s telematics system to a parent’s smartphone app.

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Each of the 10 Chevrolet models comes with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto capability—so young drivers will be less likely to pick up their phones while they drive.

Motor-vehicle crashes remain the biggest killer of teens in America, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Teen Driver addresses some of the factors most likely to lead to their deaths: Among male teens and young men ages 15 to 20 involved in fatal crashes in 2013, the CDC says 35 percent were speeding at the time of the crash. And teens of both genders have the lowest rate of seatbelt use of any age group, according to the agency.

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Drivers are most prone to crashes in their first months after receiving a license, and this month, there may be more first-time drivers on American roads than at any other point this year. August was the most popular birth month in the U.S. in the year 2000, with 360,080 births. In most states, although not all, young drivers are eligible to receive their first licenses at age 16. For their parents, more information on how they handle themselves on the road might be a welcome relief.

-]]>http://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/chevy-gives-parents-more-ways-to-monitor-teen-drivers/feed/0These Are the 10 Most Stolen Cars in the U.S.http://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/these-are-the-10-most-stolen-cars-in-the-u-s/
http://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/these-are-the-10-most-stolen-cars-in-the-u-s/#commentsWed, 03 Aug 2016 14:54:21 +0000http://blog.caranddriver.com/?p=316561-

Bad news for owners of a 1990s Honda Civic or Accord: Your car is one of the most heavily stolen models of all time, and last year was no exception. This week, the National Insurance Crime Bureau released its annual “Hot Wheels” list, which notes the 10 most stolen vehicles of the year (the number of thefts in 2015 is in parentheses):

The two Hondas at the top of this list are the only vehicles whose most commonly stolen model years aren’t from this century—1996 for the Accord and 1998 for the Civic. The most stolen 2015 model was the Nissan Altima.

The NICB has also released an interactive map that shows the top 10 stolen cars by state. Go and check if your car is one of them. Of course, just because these cars are the most frequently stolen doesn’t mean that criminals go out of their way to nab them specifically; there are just a lot of them out there. Your Honda Accord is probably not the ideal steal if it’s parked in a lot full of McLarens. Still, don’t forget to lock your doors.

-]]>http://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/these-are-the-10-most-stolen-cars-in-the-u-s/feed/0Parisian ban on old cars has officially taken effecthttp://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/parisian-ban-on-old-cars-has-officially-taken-effect/
http://chevysilveradolouisvilleky.com/parisian-ban-on-old-cars-has-officially-taken-effect/#commentsTue, 05 Jul 2016 19:30:00 +0000http://www.autoblog.com/2016/07/05/paris-ban-old-cars-in-force/Filed under:
Government/Legal,Green,Europe,ClassicsParis has officially banned cars built before 1997 from entering the city during the daytime on weekdays, and could soon expand even further until only EVs are left within the city limits.