..The study tested hypotheses of the intergenerational transmission of stress and depression and examined the role of early childhood adversity and maternal depression in the interplay between youth depression and stress over 20 years...

Youth depression and early childrearing: stress generation and intergenerational transmission of depression

..It is argued that depressed women are often locked into maladaptive interpersonal environments that contribute to the recurrence or chronicity of depression. Implications for treatment, conceptualization, and future research are noted...

Interpersonal impairment and the prediction of depressive symptoms in adolescent children of depressed and nondepressed mothers

..Chronic social difficulties were expected to be more predictive of depressive symptoms in offspring of depressed women, while recent stressful life events were expected to predict depression in offspring of never-depressed women...

..The present study attempted to distinguish between effects of acute and chronic stress to predict depressive symptoms at age 20 among 346 youth varying in polymorphisms of the 5HTT gene who had been assessed at ages 15 and 20...

..Specifically, some women may be prone to attachment fluctuations because of adverse earlier experiences, and women who show attachment fluctuations are similar to women with stably insecure attachments...

Toward an interpersonal life-stress model of depression: the developmental context of stress generation

..Results suggest that life-stress research may benefit from the application of transactional models of developmental psychopathology, which consider how children participate in the construction of stressful environments...

Early childhood adversity and adolescent depression: the mediating role of continued stress

..Timing of maternal symptoms was not significantly related to child vocabulary scores, but more recent reports of maternal depressive symptoms were associated with higher rates of child behavior problems...

Depressed adolescents of depressed and nondepressed mothers: tests of an interpersonal impairment hypothesis

..However, recent evidence for 5-HTTLPR GxE in depression has been inconsistent. This study examined the moderating effect of the val158met polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene on the strength of 5-HTTLPR GxE...