Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are rapidly gaining popularity in translational neuroscience and behavioral research. Physiological
similarity to mammals, ease of genetic manipulations, sensitivity to pharmacological and genetic factors,
robust behavior, low cost, and potential for high-throughput screening contribute to the growing utility of zebrafish
models in this field. Understanding zebrafish behavioral phenotypes provides important insights into neural
pathways, physiological biomarkers, and genetic underpinnings of normal and pathological brain function. Novel
zebrafish paradigms continue to appear with an encouraging pace, thus necessitating a consistent terminology and
improved understanding of the behavioral repertoire. What can zebrafish ‘do’, and how does their altered brain
function translate into behavioral actions? To help address these questions, we have developed a detailed catalog of
zebrafish behaviors (Zebrafish Behavior Catalog, ZBC) that covers both larval and adult models. Representing a
beginning of creating a more comprehensive ethogram of zebrafish behavior, this effort will improve interpretation
of published findings, foster cross-species behavioral modeling, and encourage new groups to apply zebrafish
neurobehavioral paradigms in their research. In addition, this glossary creates a framework for developing a
zebrafish neurobehavioral ontology, ultimately to become part of a unified animal neurobehavioral ontology, which
collectively will contribute to better integration of biological data within and across species.