The Hudson Bay Company, a foreign trading
Company, is
considered of little significance.

They failed to build inland settlements.

1708

Marie Joseph Cadet, a sauvage (Metis), born 1708 Michillimackinac,
New France (Michigan), died January 11, 1722 Quebec, Quebec, a child of
Cadet, (appartenant a veuve Cadet) a possible descendent (I)-Mathurin Cadote
alias Poitevin ( 1649-1729)? Sauvage in this case likely suggests she was
never baptized or married within the church.

Arrived Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) Jean Baptiste
Gourion (possible alias Gouriau) sergeant at Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan)
and farmer is married to Louise Chaudillon or alias Rhodillon as recorded
in St. Anne's Church, Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan).

(II)-Michel Colin alias LaLiberte born 1677, an engage
to the West, his sons (III)-Francois Colin born 1706 and (III)-Claude Colin
born 1708 are also listed as voyagers. To add to the confusion early records
suggest Colin is a possible relation of (III)-Oliver Garneau alias Coline
de Carillon, also Garao, Gavahau and Perrin de Louargat.

John Oldmixon, in his book 'The British Empire in America'
which was published this year, dismissed the Hudson Bay Company as being
of little significance. The fur acquired through the Hudson Bay is only
a fraction of the Canadian trade because they had no inland posts. Some
were attacking the basic foundation of the Hudson Bay Company. These Monopolies
are considered as being overgrown plunders; the bane of all fair commerce;
the ruin of private and industrious traders. Monopolies are absurd, inconsistent
and destructive. Those who pursue monopolies must decline in trade.

John Oldmixon, in his study of the ' British Empire in
America', wrote that in Hudson Bay, there being neither towns nor plantations
but two or three poor Forts to defend the Factories. Except for Albany Fort
and the reoccupied York Factory (1714), the physical presence of the Hudson
Bay Company, for the next fifty years, is limited to minor trading depots.

The census of the Louisiana colony is as follows:

14 superior officers

76 soldiers

13 sailors

2 Canadian clerks

1 Superintendent of warehouses

3 priests

6 workmen

1 Canadian interpreter

6 cabin boys

24 inhabitants with no land grants

28 women

25 children

80 Indian slaves both men and women

60 Canadians living in the Indian Villages on the Mississippi
without permission destroyed by their evil and libertine life with Indian
women.

February 19: (II)-Joseph Girardin or Girardy alias Sanssoucy
(b-1682) listed voyager West, possible arrival Fort Detroit, New France
(Michigan) August 26, 1708. Also listed is (II)-Etienne Etienne (Estienne)
(b-1682) voyager West, possible arrival Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan),
April 26, 1707, permit could have been issued after the fact or this is
a second trip.

April 26: Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), birth, Antoine
Gourion (Gorion) son Jean Baptiste Gourion (possible alias Gouriau) sergeant
at Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) and farmer is married to Louise Chaudillon
or alias Rhodillon born January 11, 1682, as recorded in St. Anne's Church,
Fort Pontchartrain du Detroit, New France (Michigan).

May 19: Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), baptism, (III)-Marie
Louise Du Roy, Metis died December 3, 1735 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan)
daughter (II)-Pierre Du Roy (1676-1743) and Marie Angelique Faye Lafaillette,
Laprairie.; married Alexis De Ruisseau. This is either an error, a different
Roy or he had two wives?

May 19: (II)-Alexis Germain was killed on May 19, 1712,
shot by Ytaganish Indians at Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), son (I)-Robert
Germain of Pointe aux Tremble near Quebec arrived Fort Detroit, New France
(Michigan) May 9, 1708.

May 19: Joseph Gouin arrived at Fort Detroit, New France
(Michigan) with supplies for Dufiguler, major of Fort Pontchartraim du Detroit,
New France (Michigan): two barrels rum, one barrel salt, two barrels powder,
small parcel goods and two bags of bullets- 400 lbs in all.

May 19: Pierre (Antoine) Robert dit Lafontaine with his
wife Angelique Ptolomee (Tholme) and his children arrived Fort Detroit,
New France (Michigan). Angelique 2nd marriage August 16, 1716 Guillaume
Bouche. (IV)-Mary Peltier born 1697 Lachine, Quebec sister of John Francois
Peltier arrived Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) with her step parents
Peter Roberts and Angelique Ptolomee. (III)-Mary Louisa Robert born December
15, 1698 Lachine, Quebec also arrived Quebec with her parents; she married
her step brother John Francois Peltier and after his death 2nd marriage
January 7, 1725 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), (III)-John Louis Campeau
(1677-1751).

July 7: Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan): Jean Richard,
farmer and interpreter, married to Marie Anne Ladecouverte (Yon) is seriously
wounded. He departed Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) with his sister
Mme Duplessis, 720 livres, for which he holds her note, now in the hands
of his cousin, Jacques Langlois, and he wishes the sum paid to Pierre Roy.
He did not die until several years later.

September 6: Joseph Lamy departed Montreal, Quebec, with
Madam Ranex to Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan). Joseph Lamy later went
further west to Kaskaskia (Illinois) to become a church trustee in 1717
and is killed by the Indians 1725.

September 27: Pierre Henaux arrived at Fort Detroit, New
France (Michigan), along with Pierre Henaux Jr., no rent.

October 3: (II)-Dominique Gareau also Garro and Garraud
born January 13, 1684 Boucherville, Quebec arrived Fort Detroit, New France
(Michigan). His brothers (II)-Jean Gareau born November 3, 1679, and (II)-Pierre
Gareau alias St. Onge, Saintonge or Xaintonge born May 1, 1673, Boucherville,
Quebec is also reported at Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), this season
and/or September 25, 1707.

October 6: Charles Fanereau voyageur is living in Fort
Detroit, New France (Michigan) at this time.

Jean Baptiste Chevalier (1677-1752) son Joseph Chevalier
and Marthe Francoise Barton married Montreal, Quebec, Marie Francoise daughter
Charles Alavoine and Marie Theresa Machard. This family relocated to Michilimackinac,
New France (Michigan) in 1719, where they raised their family.

Joseph Lamy arrived Kaskaskia having departed Montreal
September 6, 1708, likely wintered Detroit. Recorded as a church trustee
1717 and killed by the Indians 1725.

Antoine Magnan alias L'Esperance born 1709, a savage (Metis)
of La Pointe Ojibwa Country (Wisconsin), is baptized July 12, 1713 at Michilimackinac,
New France (Michigan) likely the son Antoine Magnant dit L'Esperance and
savage .

A hundred Montreal, Quebec, traders and Mohawk attacked
Albany Fort, James Bay. Warned by a visiting hunter, Chief Factor John Fullartine
repulsed the assault. The assault of English Albany, James Bay failed, with
heavy losses of sixteen to the French. This is the only English Fort in
the Northern Bay (Hudson Bay).

The Governor of New France, Vaudreuil, regarded interbreeding
with the savages with some misgivings, as the Metis children of such unions
have turned out to be as idle as the savages themselves. Idleness means
not willing to accept the one King, one Religion and obedience to New France.
These people demanded liberty and freedom and refused to accept French authority.
At the insistence of Fathers St. Cosme and Carheil at Michilimackinac, New
France (Michigan), Vaudreuil, issued orders forbidding mixed marriages with
the Indians. The Fathers considered Michilimackinac, New France (Michigan)
as a Sodom or Gomorrah. The Fathers accused the Coureurs des Bois of only
being interested in trading furs, drinking, gambling and lechery. They took
Indian women with them, rather than men, on their trading expeditions. The
men claimed that these woman worked for lower wages than what men demanded
and were willing to perform chores; such as cutting firewood and cooking.
The missionaries refused to be persuaded that other fringe benefits were
not involved.

May 12: In Louisiana, a request was sent to France to send
30 females to Mobile to prevent, by marriage, the debauchery which was committed
with Indian women. It would also keep at home a number of Canadians who
roamed the country in search of peltry and females slaves. They also made
a case for Negro slaves, saying they are as indispensable to South Carolina
and Louisiana; as the humid atmosphere is so destructive to the constitution
of whites.

June 9: Montreal, Quebec, or Quebec, Quebec, Sarah Mattoon
Fields born April 25, 1687, died March 21, 1752, married December 31, 1711,
Zechariah born August 29, 1685

Hatfield, Hampshire, Massachusetts, died August 15, 1746
Northfield, Franklin, Massachusetts, son Samuel Field and Sarah Gilbert:
Sarah second marriage 1746 Deerfield Ebenezier Field born June 15, 1715,
3rd marriage June 25, 1750 Deacon Samuel Childs. She was captured by the
Indians on February 29, 1704 at Deerfield, Massachusetts.

It is believed she was taken to Canada were she lived until
about 1709, living among the Indians. She made her way to Quebec, Quebec,
or Montreal, Quebec. She eventually made her way back to Deerfield, Massachusetts.

May 15, 1706. See December 15, 1707- a likely error between
birth and baptism or one unrecorded death.?

August 25: Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), birth,
(II)-Marie Joseph Bienvenue daughter (I)-Francois Bienvenue a.k.a. Delisle
or DeLisle born 1663 died September 29, 1751 is believed by some to frequent
Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), before 1700. His wives include Genevieve
Laferiere, and 2nd marriage 1708, Marianne Lemoine:

September 9: Daniel Joseph Amiot-Villeneuve born October
4, 1665 Quebec died about 1726 son Mathieu Amiot-Villeneuve born 1628 and
Marie Miville born 1632; married September 9, 1709 to Marie Kapiouarnokoue
(Kapi8arnok8e) and a second marriage to Domithilde Oukabe Nepveuouikabe
LaFourche, daughter of KeWaNoQuat, sister of NisSoWaQuet a Ottawa Indian
woman

October 2: Mathieu Perrin dit Garaho (Garaut) arrived Fort
Detroit, New France (Michigan), with his country wife married 1688/89 as
prisoners in an Iroquois village (I)-Jeanne Therses Pilet (1671-1750)

Pierre Botquin (St. Andre) a soldier, arrived Detroit October
19, 1706 and he also arrived 1710 carrying 50 pounds of powder, 100 pounds
of bullets and 32 pots of brandy obviously for trade.

(I)-Antoine Laumet de La Mothe sieur de Cadillac (1658-1730)
is ordered to restore order by bringing the Fox savages to terms. He combined
this order with his determination to remove all Jesuit influence with the
Indians. He issued an invitation for all tribes living about Green Bay,
New France (Michigan), to remove to Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan).
This included 1,000 Fox, Sauk and some Kickapoo and Mascouten. Most responded
by migrating to their earlier home sites near Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan).
The Jesuit would continue to conspire to remove de Cadillac from office.
This move by Cadillac is being seen as a attempt to destroy the Michilimackinac,
New France (Michigan) Jesuit stronghold by diverting trade. The Jesuits
would convince France that de Cadillac was trying to create an empire for
himself; that he was greedy, a liar and sharp (plausible with charm). What
had annoyed the Jesuits most was that (I)-Antoine Laumet dit de Lamothe
Cadillac was an obscure man who had promoted himself by creating a noble
title: "Lamothe Cadillac". It is noteworthy that in 1704, Cadillac
had invited 6,000 people to settle around his Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan),
overwhelming the resources. This was like throwing gasoline on the fire,
creating an explosive situation- as this was the Fox's old home lands.

January 13: Batiscan, marriage, (I)-Jean Baptiste Courchene,
a savage, of the nation of Kikionnas, frequenter of Batiscan for a long
time who married (III)-Margueritte Lafond born 1685; veuve de Joseph Fafard;
daughter (II)-Jean Lafond; they had eight children.

May 5: Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), marriage, Jean
Baptiste Turpin son Alexander Turpin and Charlotte Beauvais of Montreal,
Quebec; married (III)-Marguerite Fafard Metis daughter of the late (II)-Jean
Fafard born 1657, died December 21, 1756 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan)
and (II)-Marguerite Conique (Couck) born 1664 daughter (I)-Pierre Couck.

May 10: Permit by Monsieur de Ramezay to Monsieur Bouat,
son of Vaudry for Michilimakina, New France (Michigan), an expedition des
Renards (Fox Indians of Green Bay, New France (Michigan)). Joseph Kellogg
is wintering at Mackinac, New France (Michigan), and journeyed to Illinois
where wheat and fruit trees are evident, as is cattle.

The raising of cattle is also observed in the Ohio Valley.
It is noteworthy that the natives in this region cultivated fruit trees
long before the arrival of the Coureurs des Bois or Metis. Historical writers
have greatly down played the Indian's agricultural skills. Over 55% of the
worlds different agricultural crops come from the Americas.

May 25: Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), birth, (III)-Marie
Magdeleine Roy, Metis died October 20, 1732, Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan),
daughter (II)-Pierre Du Roy (1676-1743) and Marie Angelique Faye Lafaillette,
Laprairie.; married 1728 at Miami village near Fort Detroit, New France
(Michigan), Pierre Chesne dit La Butte. This is either an error, a different
Roy or he had two wives?

Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), birth (III)- Marie
Renee Roy Metis daughter (II)- Pierre Du Roy (1676-1743) and Marie Angelique
Faye Lafaillette, Laprairie; married 1730 Jacques Trembley. This is either
an error, a different Roy or he had two wives?

(II)-Louis Joliette Bissot (1660-1710), Voyager to the
Mississippi? Unless this is a son of Joliette?? L'Abbe Cyprein Tanguay records
Louis Joliette (Jolliet) (1645-1700) who married October 7, 1675 (II)-Claire
Francoise Bissot is the discoverer of the Mississippi. It is noteworthy
he is not recorded as a second generation in the marriage record, nor is
his death.

The Cree informed the Chief Trader at Fort Albany that
the Canadians (Metis) are at the headwaters and tributaries of the Albany
River. The Hudson Bay Company begins recruiting in the Orkney region of
Scotland for those accustomed to boats, assuming this qualified them to
operate canoes that the English could not master. Orkney is from the Viking
word Orkneyjar meaning Seal Island. They, however, showed no more skill
than the English did at navigating the canoe. They also demonstrated great
reluctance to leave the security of the Fort.

August 11: Joseph St. Yves a.k.a. St. Ange dit Hogue arrived
Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), as an engage.

September 6: Jean Patenostre of St. Lambert arrive Fort
Detroit, New France (Michigan).

September 10: (II)-Jacques Godefroy or Godfroy dit Mauboeuf
b-1684 died November 20, 1730 Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), a voyager;
Paul Chevalier, a voyager; and Joseth Senecal, a toolmaker and voyager,
formed a partnership to conduct trading at Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan).
Chevalier contributed 255 livres, Senecal 165 livres and Godefroy 43 livres
and two guns. The partnership lasted for two years, gains and losses to
be shared equally.

September 10: Joseph Senecal born 1674, died February 28,
1738, married to Louise Bareau (Barros)

September 13: After nearly ten years of ruling the West,
(I)-Antoine Laumet de La Mothe sieur de Cadillac (1658-1730) is removed
from Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) and sent to Louisiana as Governor.
He would not, however, take this Post until 1713. Cadillac had been a thorn
in the side of the Jesuits and some French merchants and men such as Vaudreuil
and De Ramesay. Charles Regnault sieur Du Buisson (1664-1739), in effect,
replaced Cadillac in Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan); as Francois Dauphin/Daupin,
sieur de Laforest (1649-1714) is in the infirmary and can't command the
Post. Governor Vaudreuil, at the insistence of the Jesuit, ordered Charles
Regnault to drive the Fox from Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) back
to Green Bay, New France (Michigan). This is to offset the activities of
Cadillac and to return power to the Jesuit stronghold at Machilimackinac,
New France (Michigan). This decision would begin a forty year war of Fox
Indian annihilation that would cost the French the South West and eventually
Canada.

October 11: John Le Duc, arrived Fort Detroit, New France
(Michigan) and moved his family to Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan),
in 1732.

November 18: Clairambault d'Aigremont wrote that the Coureurs
des Bois (Metis) are trading to the English at Hudson Bay. Few canoes visited
Montreal, Quebec in the last eight years except for in 1708, when 60 canoes
descended. Pontchartrain wrote, on this same day: The Coureurs des Boise
are useful for the fur trade, as they are the only ones you can rely on.
But if we don't supply trade goods to Mackilimackinac, New France (Michigan),
they will quickly turn to the Hudson Bay Company.

Charles Renaud, esquire, sieur Dubuisson, was lieutenant
of a company and commandant at Fort Pontchartrain at Fort Detroit, New France
(Michigan) in the absence of Monsieur de Laforest . When Cadillac left Fort
Detroit, New France (Michigan), Laforest agreed to take his place here at
once but was taken sick, and Dubuisson was sent to Fort Detroit, New France
(Michigan) to hold it until Laforest's recovery.

Two serious consequences of the Jesuit interference in
the Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) business affairs was the beginning
of the rapid deterioration and fall into decay of the Fort and its importance,
and the beginning of a forty year war of genocide against the Fox Indians.
French troops annihilate the Fox of Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan)
who were formally of Green Bay, New France (Michigan), and the prisoners
taken are tortured to death. This French and Black Robe genocide War of
annihilation began this year. Charles Regnault sieur Du Buisson had a High
Mass chanted in honor of this slaughter. Father Maret of Mackinac, New France
(Michigan) wrote: This action will unite the remaining Fox, Sauk, Kickapoo,
Mascouten and Winnebago to create terror everywhere in the West.

The Hudson Bay Company is still inactive, and only one
stock transfer is recorded this year.

Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) records 1 horse, (assuming
two had died), but the cattle had multiplied from 10 to 29 all belonging
to Cadillac. The unmarried soldiers were encouraged to marry Indian women
to increase the population of the colony.

At this time Lake Michigan was named Lake Illinois although
no Illinois resided in this region. This was according to Father (I)-Gabriel
Marest (Marcol) (1692-1755) who visited Mackinac this year.

About 300 leagues from Michillimackinac, a plagu (plague)
was visited upon the Illinois and the death of Monsieur Bergier was recorded.

The document 'Monsieur the Chevalier De Tonti' about the
Southern America was disavowed by (I)-Henri de Tonty (1649-1704) aka 'Bras
De Fer" as his work.

October 27: Louisiana: A pirate ship from Jamaica disembarked
on Dauphin Island and plundered the small French colony, taking everything
of value.

November 11: Father (I)-Joseph Germain (1633-1722), a Jesuit
and Superior General of Canada, wrote: The Catholic Apostolic Roman Religion
would be utterly destroyed throughout the colony if the English became masters
of it. A holy war, crusade, is declared to shed the last drop of blood rather
than yield, or enter into any agreement with these perfidious enemies of
God and of the Church. If they die in battle, they should look upon such
death as a glorious martyrdom. Father (I)-Joseph Germain (1633-1722) still
walks in the darkness of ages past. Father (I)- Joseph Germain (1633-1722)
also wrote: We must first make these Savages men and afterwards work to
make them Christian. They are absolute masters of themselves without being
subjected to any (European) law, the independents in which they live, enslaves
them to the most brutal passions. Their chiefs have no authority. They are
little inclined to submit to the yoke of the Gospel.

Lieutenant Zacharie Robutel de La Nouve (Noue), (1665-1733)
said: It is vain to think of mitigating the pride of the Dakota Sioux as
long as there are Coureurs des Bois (Metis) among them who trade in firearms.
There is little doubt that the Coureurs des Bois have been traveling and
trading the North West for years, likely as far as the Stony Mountains.

Charles Regnault/Renaud, sieur Du Buisson (1664-1739) is
still acting commander of Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan), as the Mascouten
tribe arrived in the area, fleeing the Potawatomis and Ottawa for assistance
of the Fox and French. Regnault refused his protection and chose to ally
the French with the pursuers who arrived and fought the Mascouten and Fox.
Father Marest estimated that 800 Fox and Mascoutens were killed or taken
prisoner, whereas Regnault estimated the numbers as 1,000.

Louis de La Porte, sieur de Louvigny (b-1652) is back as
commander of Michilimackinac, New France (Michigan) for a second assignment.

June 15: Father (I)-Jacques Bruyas (1635-1712) died Sault
St. Louis, Caughnawaga.

September 11: Louisiana census reports:

100 soldiers

75 Canadians

28 families

20 Negro slaves

No mention is made of Indian slaves either men or women

They also listed 6 miserable Forts; one on the Mississippi
River, one on Ship Island, one on Dauphin Island, one at Biloxi, (Biloxi
(Harrison), Mississippi), one at the Old Mobile (Fort Louis de la Louisiane,
Mobile, Alabama) and one at the New Mobile (Fort Conde de la Mobile, Alabama).

The Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 ended the ten year war by
recognizing the British possession of the Northern Bay (Hudson Bay), Acadia
and Newfoundland. The English Government gave the Hudson Bay Company the
ownership and sole right to trade over a large territory of Canada and the
United States. They called the region Rupert's Land, which embraced the
entire region, draining into the Hudson Bay. They had no idea of the Territory
involved, and this claim is outrageous from any standard. For more than
a century the Hudson Bay Company would be content to remain on the coast,
conducting little exploration. From an Aboriginal perspective, this is a
ludicrous claim with no basis of authority, neither by right nor conquest
nor exploration. Future events would confirm the English had no ownership
claim to these territories. The Hudson Bay Company was allowed to trade
in the Northern Bay without interference from the French Government. This
would not stop the French Canadians, Coureurs des Bois and Metis from cutting
off the flow of furs to the Northern Bay, as they had since the 1680's.

Antoine Crozat leased Louisiana for 15 years. The lease
was surrendered in 1717 to Duke d'Orleans.

Anne Francoise Robutell Lemarchard daughter Claude Robutel,
sieur de Ste Andre and Susanne de Gabrielle from 1713 to 1717 was hiring
men for Fort Michilimackinac, New France (Michigan), where her husband Constant
Le Marchard, sieur de Ligney was commander.

Louis Junchereau dit St. Denis/Denys (1674-1744) is exploring
the Red River of the south and established Fort Nitchitoches on the Red
River. He also visited Mexico this year and in 1715 married Emanuelle Sanche
de Navarro.

(I)-Pierre Gareau (1653-1729) engageur of Voyagers to the
West departing Terrebonne June 3, 1713. This is the first indication that
Pierre commissioned a canoe.

Grand La Pointe Ojibwa Country (Madeleine Island, Wisconsin)
again flourished as a major trading center and would hold a high level of
activity for the next forty years. The Ojibwa Nation has, for centuries,
used Kitchi Onigum- the Great Carrying Place, on Lake Superior's North Shore.
It is, therefore, not surprising that the Metis and French Coureurs des
Bois used these and other native routes to the Interior. Grand Pointe to
Grand Portage and Grand Point to River Saint Louis near Duluth became the
two major routes to the North West. The Saint Louis River route to Grand
Rapids, Red Lake, down the Red Lake River (St. Francois River) to Grand
Forks and the Red River of the North, remained the most popular route for
the Metis. Grand Portage, Rainy Lake, Lake of the Woods and the Winnipeg
River would later become the preferred route of the voyagers. Voyagers are
those few who are granted annual licenses to travel in the West. The Coureurs
des Bois are considered no better than pirates.

June: (I)-Antoine Laumet de Lamothe Cadillac (1658-1730),
his wife, Marie Therese Guton, and their children arrived in Louisiana,
were they stayed until 1717. He is accused of sowing discontent, and incited
the rare inhabitants of Louisiana to leave. He attempted to establish commercial
ties with Mexico, and discovered a copper mine in Illinois, but his corrupt
mind caused more harm than good. He was recalled to France in 1717, and
he died there on October 15, 1730; gone but not forgotten.

June 10: A stern note from London warned Anthony Beale,
an apprentice at Albany Fort, James Bay, to trade as little brandy as possible
to the Indians, as it has destroyed several of them. It is noteworthy that
French brandy is expensive and sometimes scarce because of frequent conflict
between the British and French.

July 15: Mobile, Lousiana,, Alabama: 12 girls arrived from
France and all but two were too ugly and badly formed to attract husbands.
They requested more attention be paid to beauty than virtue, as the men
are more forgiving of faults of virtue. The Canadians, however prefer the
Indian women, especially those from the Illinois Country. These Coureurs
des Bois occupy their time in hunting for peltry and slaves. The soldiers
also all had Indian wives, preferring them to the French girls.

Rose Magnan alias L'Esperance born 1714, a Sauteuse of
La Pointe, Ojibwa Country (Wisconsin), daughter of Jean L'Esperance is baptized
August 13, 1749 at Fort Michilimackinac, New France (Michigan).

Constant Marchand sieur de Lignery (d-1733) is sent to
Mackinac, New France (Michigan) with an order to offer amnesty to all Coureurs
des Bois (Metis) who would go to his support. He rebuilt the Fort on the
south side of the straits.

(I)-Jacques Charles de Sabrevois, sieur de Bleury, chevalier
de Saint Louis (1667-1727), replaced La Forest as commander of Fort Detroit,
New France (Michigan) from 1714 to1718, and Pierre Des Liette is sent to
defend Fort Detroit from the Fox.

Louisiana, Jean Baptiste Le Moyne sieur de Bienville (1680-1767)
rejected the offer of marriage to the daughter of (I)-Antoine Laumet de
Lamothe Cadillac (1658-1730), saying he prefered to remain single.

Slave Woman, an Indian captive from the north, was brought
to (I)-James Knight Governor-in-Chief in Hudson Bay. She described a river
or strait in her country, through which the tide ebbed and flowed.

Louisiana, Carate de la Ventre complained that the Canadians
carried on scandalous concubinage with young Indian squaws and had children
by Indian females. He requested the French be permitted to marry Indian
women by religious rites as they do in the Illinois Country. It is noteworthy
that no Metis children born in Louisiana up to this time would be recorded
or baptized, as these marriages are not considered valid.

The French have controlled Fort York (Manitoba) since 1697.
(I)-James Knight is sent to receive Fort York back under the terms of the
1713 English and French treaty, and reported the Fort, occupied by nine
French, including a priest, surgeon and an apprentice, is in a dilapidated
condition. He said that his house is worse than the cow shed at Albany,
and that he doesn't even have a candle. (I)-James Knight reported that an
Indian captive from the north, known as Slave Woman, said that a river or
strait in her country ebbed and flowed like a tide.

Governor Thomas Lake (d-1743) of the Hudson Bay Company
imposed absolute secrecy on all the affairs of the Company. He also restricted
any inland exploration. Letters written home by the servants of the company
are censored, and all personal luggage is searched before returning to the
British Isles. Ship logs and charts are also whisked off. A portion of the
wages are withheld until retirement, to ensure secrecy. He used Company
funds to enhance his own wealth, and practiced insider trading of H.B.C.
stock to the same ends. It is noteworthy that the estate of Edmonton in
Middlesex, obtained by H.B.C. funding to the Lake family, is used to name
the city of Fort Edmonton, Alberta in honor of this family.

William Stewart of the Hudson Bay Company alleged that
he walked from the mouth of the Churchill River to Slave Lake and reported
seventeen rivers reaching the continental coast beyond the Churchill River.
He alleged to have contacted the Chipewyan and assessed the enormous potential
of the Athabasca trade. Meanwhile, the Canadians are traveling four thousand
three hundred miles to trade in the Hudson Bay Company back yard. Only 15
fur trading licenses are permitted to be used at Detroit, Michilimackinac,
New France (Michigan) and Illinois Posts. By 1716, the number of annual
licenses increased to 25.

An army of eight hundred men, commissioned by New France
and commanded by General Louis de La Porte de Louvigny (1662-1725), attacked
the Fox which numbered five hundred men and two thousand women. The Fox
had formed an alliance with the Dakota and is resisting the French.

The savages at Fort Detroit, New France (Michigan) produced
800 minots of corn for export this year. The Coureurs des Bois (Metis) are
the major buyers.

Tea was first introduced into the American colonies this
year. Tea and coffee was not a common beverage. Colonists prefered chocolate
as a nonalcoholic drink, with rum in New York and beer in the middle colonies
being the beverage of choice.

March 14: King Louis XIV signed a decree: His majesty offers
clemency to those Coureurs des Bois whose inconsequence put them in this
regrettable situation. His majesty has ordered and orders, wants and intends
that all the inhabitants of New France, who went wood running and trading
with Native Nations without leave nor permission and who will return to
their homes in the course of the year 1715, may do so in security and without
fear of being prosecuted for reason of their disobedience.

They go to Fort Michillimakinac, New France (Michigan)
to obtain a certificate of compliance. Those not registering or those found
guilty of having aided, abetted or kept correspondence with said Coureurs
des Bois, be dealt the full punishment prescribed in the decrees, wherever
they may be encountered. It is noteworthy that this decree and others highlight
the reason why so little is know of the travels and exploration of America
by these Coureurs des Bois and Metis of the First Nations. These excommunicated
French, without violence, fanfare or pressure of recognition and immortality,
conquered a continent. Conquered in the sense of overcoming the overwhelming
obstacles and restrictions that were imposed by a French regime.

September 5: James Knight (1640-1720), a shipwright and
Governor of Hudson Bay (1714-1718) and his deputy, Henry Kelsey, (1667-1724)
arrived atYork Factory (Manitoba) to accept the return of English claimed
territories. The French commander, Nicholas Jeremie (1669-1732), formally
turned control over on September 11, 1714.

September 14: The Governor in London orders that, for the
Hudson Bay Company, no man is to meddle, trade or affront any Indian, nor
to concern themselves with women.