This video was recorded at MIT World Host: Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology. Few researchers...
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This video was recorded at MIT World Host: Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology. Few researchers become legends in their own time, but David Ho's relentless quest to understand and conquer the AIDS virus has earned him worldwide renown. He elucidates the approach his lab has taken in the last decade to understanding how HIV replicates in cells, and how effective drugs have been developed to stymie the progress of the virus once a patient is infected. Within weeks of contracting HIV, there is exponential growth of the virus, which peaks swiftly, followed by a long period where the number of virus particles produced equal the number of particles cleaned out by a patient's liver and spleen. There's a "steady flow out and a steady flow in," says Ho. During this period, which might last 10 years, the virus may not cause symptoms, but it steadily depletes the patient's supply of a type of crucial immune cell. Ho's research in the 1990s took a quantitative approach to the dynamics of viral infection. By using a drug that helped block the reproduction of the virus, Ho discovered that virus replication and clearance happened very swiftly. "Half of what's in circulation is removed in a half-hour, to be replaced by an equal amount of virus." He also measured the total virus production per day, which for an average patient, meant somewhere between 1010 and 10 12 virus particles. Ho says that one of the implications "of this relentless replication at very high levels" is a high mutation rate. HIV can shape shift and evade control by a single drug. Ho's research helped generate the AIDS cocktail -- multiple antiretroviral drugs to block the progression of HIV at different points in its replication cycle. While these therapies have diminished the AIDS mortality rate, mainly in western nations, Ho hopes to slow the spread of HIV worldwide, especially in parts of Africa where it continues to grow exponentially in the population. A vaccine that could "put more pressure on the virus," at the earliest days of infection, could potentially "cause a shut off of infection and abolish it from taking hold." Link to - Lecture´s Homepage Host - Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology

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This video was recorded at MIT World Series: New Medicines: Can Innovation and Safety Coexist?. Genzyme is a leader in...
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This video was recorded at MIT World Series: New Medicines: Can Innovation and Safety Coexist?. Genzyme is a leader in personalized medicine, as Mark Bamforth demonstrates. For instance, the company collects cartilage from a single patient, grows it in the lab, and sends it back securely to that same patient. The system, says Bamforth, tolerates "no mix ups." But the company also deals in drugs sent to hundreds of thousands of kidney dialysis patients. Each kind of product must adhere to a specific kind of manufacturing and distribution process, and the regulations of the FDA and other countries. Bamforth must navigate "a complexity and diversity of supply chains." Peter Walsh works behind the scenes at UPS, making sure those brown trucks deliver to the right location at the right time. He believes that "healthcare is a good 20 to 30 years behind other industries" in terms of getting the goods from supplier to manufacturer to consumer. "We see in big pharma a silo approach. That needs to change … and means sharing of information—scary to think of in this industry." Abbott Weiss sees in pharmaceuticals "a highly fragmented set of supply chains" at a time when globalization poses increased risks, such as theft and diversion, and cost pressures. He describes working at Polaroid, and shipping out 120 million packs of film a year, with 140 countries each requiring different labeling. "Exception management is the rule in supply chains," says Weiss. And unlike film, there are "life and death implications of getting the right medicine at the right time and right place." The good news is that much of the technology for solving tracking and distribution problems already exists, Weiss says. One such technology, radio frequency identification (RFID), is a good first enabling step for pharmaceutical makers, says Daniel Engels. "If I know what I have and where it is, I can do something about it." The critical problem will be "asset visibility," communicating this unique product information to suppliers and customers. And this kind of tagging will prove especially difficult for generic or bulk drugs, sent through distributors. The "end game" is information sharing.

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This video was recorded at MIT World Series: New Medicines: Can Innovation and Safety Coexist?. These panelists describe...
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This video was recorded at MIT World Series: New Medicines: Can Innovation and Safety Coexist?. These panelists describe struggling to transform their approach to drug safety, while acknowledging the need to regain public trust after troubling episodes involving drug side effects. Névine Zariffa points out that "no clinical trial program known to man will ever help predict every single instance of everything that might happen in the big, wide world." But, she wonders, "What can we do better to link up what we discover through the clinical trial process relative to what happens in the real world?" One idea: a Center for Biomedical Information SWAT team to deal with FDA drug alerts. "The whole country is moving slowly, but moving" toward capturing patient records, imaging information, and even genomic and proteomic data electronically, reports John Glaser. Partners HealthCare holds a clinical data repository for 3.3 million people, from academic medical centers to community hospitals. This kind of database may help track "consistent drug interactions" as well as notify patients at risk when a side effect becomes apparent. "Even if you think that drug reviewers look at newspaper accounts, if they focus more on drug safety, wouldn't that slow review times? The answer is no," claims Randall Lutter. He says that the FDA has not slowed approval times to appease a worried public, nor has it sacrificed science to please manufacturers eager for rapid drug approval. Rather, the agency's concerned with getting accurate warnings on drug packages at the time of their launch, and disseminating information earlier to the public. In the early 60s, says Johanna Haas, when the use of Thalidomide was linked to terrible congenital deformities, legislation resulted that transformed the safety rules: "The onus shift(ed) to the company to prove the drug should be marketed, rather than to the FDA to prove it shouldn't." Now, a post-Vioxx paradigm is emerging, where drug makers are trying to track subtle side effects in enormous populations. The only answer is to set up databases running from the earliest clinical trials through the drug's launch. "You take something that's going to evolve over the course of years. You don't want it forgotten and tucked into a clinical study report that's forgotten until it emerges as a public policy issue later on and you say, 'Hmm, curious.'"

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This lesson received an honorable mention in the 2009 SoftChalk Lesson Chalenge.'There are numerous reasons for dental...
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This lesson received an honorable mention in the 2009 SoftChalk Lesson Chalenge.'There are numerous reasons for dental hygienists to study Pharmacology. This is a process that needs to be continued throughout a professional's lifetime. New drugs are being introduced on a regular basis as well as the use of alternative therapies which can impact day to day life.Prior to providing any care, a dental professional should review the medical history at the beginning of each appointment. One cannot assume that everything is the same even if only a few days have passed since the last appointment. Individuals may have visited their physician in the interim and drug therapies may have changed. They may have chosen to self medicate or even forgotten to take their medications.In any case, the dental hygienist needs to be aware of the drugs that the patients are taking in order to prepare for possible medical emergencies, identify oral conditions that may be present as a result of the drugs which may be associated with antibiotics or a number of different drugs, determining the appropriate home care procedures as would be the case with a patient taking drugs that may cause xerostomia and even to plan the best time for appointments, such as would be the case with someone with insulin dependant diabetes.Being knowledgeable about pharmacology permits the dental hygienist to intelligently discuss the drugs and associated effects with patients and other health care professionals. In the case where a particular medication is causing a condition such as hyperplasia, the dental hygienist needs to first recognize that the condition might be a result of the drug and then educate the patient about the contributing factors that may be exacerbating the undesirable effects of the drug. Also, the dental hygienist might be able to identify that another drug that does not cause the same negative effects which could be substituted. In this situation, it might be helpful to speak with the prescribing health care professional to investigate the possibility of changing the drug regimen.Lastly, while providing oral health care, the dental hygienist may administer drugs that can either impact the efficacy of another drug or may be contraindicated by another drug or condition, or cause a medical emergency.As you can see, it is important to be knowledgeable about the drugs as well as the condition for which the drug is being administered.'

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This app helps the user identify a pill by shape, color, and imprint, as well as finding the lowest price to fill the...
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This app helps the user identify a pill by shape, color, and imprint, as well as finding the lowest price to fill the prescription. It also helps the user understand and manage the medication and lower the overall bill for the medications. The site also provides the dosage, side effects, and warnings for FDA approved medications. This app would be very beneficial to nursing students as well as healthcare providers in their daily care. This app would also be beneficial if you have a patient come into your facility with a pill that is not in a pill bottle and you are unsure of what it is. You would be able to identify the pill as well as what the proper dosage is of the medication as well as possible side effects.This is a free app

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Identify your pills, find the lowest price for your Rx, understand your medication treatment, lower your health bill. Easily compare prices at local and mail order pharmacies to find the lowest price. --- Over 1 million prices for more than 6,000 drugs at every major US pharmacy chain and many local stores--- Prices from all major US pharmacy chains and online pharmacies Information on manufacturer discount cards (free coupons provided by pharmaceutical manufacturers that can save you $500 or more)-- Incredible saving: might be less than your copay!-- One click refill to main pharmacy chains: Walgreens, CVS, RiteAid, WalMart and more!This is a free app

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iSeek Medical Database Search Engine is designed for medical clinicians, faculty, and students to save them time in quickly...
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iSeek Medical Database Search Engine is designed for medical clinicians, faculty, and students to save them time in quickly finding high-quality, evidence-based, clinically-based resources for which they are searching. The iSeek Curriculum Intelligent Agent Tool allows medical students to quickly refine and pinpoint relevant, pertinent, and specific information about most medical related topic(s) queried, and also provides them with additional integated medical resources such as lectures, videos, and slides pertaining to the topic(s) queried.

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IVMS Autonomic and Cardiovascular Basic Mediclal Science CourseIVMS ACVBMS is an upper-level undergraduate course designed for Pre-Med, Medical Students and Biomedical Science Majors. IVMS ACVBMS examines the basic medical science behind the uses of drugs, covering a variety of common prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, supplements and herbal medicines, and drugs of abuse. There clinical use, mechanism of action, and important side effects of each class of drugs are explored within the context of the body's organ systems. Also, this course is part of a sequentiual Learning-track from Advance High School leading to medical students sitting sucessfully for their USMLE Step 1.

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