Cell Biology

Ames test it is a biological assay to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds. It utilizes bacteria to test whether a given chemical can cause mutations in the DNA of the test organism. The test was developed by Bruce N. Ames in 1970s to determine if a chemical at hand is a mutagen. Objective To determine …

Fungal cell membranes have a unique sterol, ergosterol, which replaces cholesterol found in mammalian cell membranes. An antifungal agent is a drug that selectively eliminates fungal pathogens from a host with minimal toxicity to the host. 1. Polyene antibiotics The poleyenes possess a macrocyclic ring, one side of which has a several conjugated double bonds …

Blood cells are the cells which are produced during hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood. Blood is composed of the blood cells which accounts for 45% of the blood tissue by volume, with the remaining 55% of the volume composed of plasma, the liquid portion of the blood. There are three types of blood …

S.N. Characteristics Serum Plasma 1. Definition Serum is the liquid part of the blood after the coagulation. Plasma is a clear and yellowish fluid part of the blood. 2. Composition Serum is the water fluid from blood without the clotting factors. Plasma is the blood fluid that contains blood clotting agents. 3. …

S.N. Characteristics Replication Transcription 1. Definition DNA replication is the process of making two daughter strand where each daughter strand contains half of the original DNA double helix. Transcription is the process of synthesis of RNA using DNA as a template. 2. Purpose To conserve the entire genome for next generation. To make RNA copies …

Mitosis is a process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica, with an equal number of chromosomes in each resulting diploid cell. Meiosis is a type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes, producing two haploid cells. …

Here are 17 differences between DNA and RNA. S.N. DNA RNA 1. DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid. The sugar portion of DNA is 2-Deoxyribose. RNA stands for Ribonucleic Acid. The sugar portion of RNA is Ribose. 2. The helix geometry of DNA is of B-Form (A or Z also present). The helix geometry of RNA …

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites so they depend on host for their survival. They cannot be grown in non-living culture media or on agar plates alone, they must require living cells to support their replication. The primary purpose of virus cultivation is: To isolate and identify viruses in clinical samples. To do research on viral …

Flagella are the complex filamentous cytoplasmic structure protruding through cell wall. These are unbranched, long, thread like structures, mostly composed of the protein flagellin, intricately embedded in the cell envelope. Cilia are slender, microscopic, hair-like structures or organelles that extend from the surface of nearly all mammalian cells (multiple or single). S.N. Characteristics Cilia Flagella …

Bacteria are prokaryotic, unicellular microorganisms, which lack chlorophyll pigments. The cell structure is simpler than that of other organisms as there is no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. Due to the presence of a rigid cell wall, bacteria maintain a definite shape, though they vary as shape, size and structure. When viewed under light microscope, …

Introduction of Flagella Flagella are the complex filamentous cytoplasmic structure protruding through cell wall. These are unbranched, long, thread like structures, mostly composed of the protein flagellin, intricately embedded in the cell envelope. They are about 12-30 nm in diameter and 5-16 µm in length. They are responsible for the bacterial motility. Motility plays an important …