Microsoft and CompTIA have traditionally been closely aligned, particularly in the fight against open-source software–both are key members of the Initiative for Software Choice, which frequently takes an anti-open-source stance. Earlier this year, CompTIA threw its weight behind Microsoft in Redmond’s fight against an EU report that allegedly favored open-source software. On another occasion, when the European Commission fined Microsoft last year for not sharing or licensing protocol information with its rivals, CompTIA called the $357 million fine „arbitrary and capricious.”