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Table 3

Comparison of demographic and behavioral risk factors and clinical and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) case-patients who have genetically clustered genotypes with factors and outcomes of patients who had unique genotype patternsa

Variableb

Clustered (%)

Unclustered (%)

Relative risk (95% CI)

Probabilityc

Total cases (n=10,752)

5.171(48.1)

5,581 (51.9)

Gender

Male

3,289 (63.6)

3,107 (55.7)

1.19 (1.14% to 1.24%)

<0.001

Female

1,881 (36.4)

2,473 (44.3)

Unknown

1 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

Mean age (yrs; ±S.E.)

44.8 (±0.26)

49.4 (±0.28)

<0.0001

Race/ethnicity

White, non-Hispanic

1,018 (19.7)

1,201 (21.5)

0.94 (0.90% to 0.99%)

0.02

Black, non-Hispanic

2,254 (43.6)

1,237 (22.2)

1.61 (1.55% to 1.67%)

<0.001

Hispanic

914 (17.7)

1,112 (19.9)

0.92 (0.88% to 0.97%)

0.003

American Indian/Native

17 (0.3)

10 (0.2)

Asian/Pacific Islander

961 (18.6)

2,014 (36.1)

0.60 (0.56% to 0.63%)

<0.001

Unknown

7 (0.1)

7 (0.1)

0.59 (0.55% to 0.63%)

Place of birth

U.S.-born

3,331 (64.4)

2,023 (36.2)

1.83 (1.75% to 1.90%)

<0.001

Foreign-born

1,825 (35.3)

3,552 (63.6)

Unknown

15 (0.3)

6 (0.1)

Recent to United Statesd

Yes

535 (29.3)

1,225 (34.5)

2,111 (59.4)

<0.001

No

1,181 (64.7)

Unknown

109 (6.0)

216 (6.1)

Site of disease

Pulmonary

3,902 (75.5)

3,835 (68.7)

1.20 (1.14% to1.26%)

<0.001

Extrapulmonary

788 (15.2)

1,254 (22.5)

0.77 (0.72% to 0.81%)

<0.001

Pulmonary and extrapulmonary

476 (9.2)

492 (8.8)

NS

Unknown

5 (0.1)

0

Sputum smear

Positive

2,270 (43.9)

2,011 (36.0)

1.22 (1.11% to 1.33%)

<0.001

Negative

1,802 (34.8)

1,943 (34.8)

Not done/unknown

1,099 (21.3)

1,627 (29.1)

Chest radiographe

Cavitary

1,345 (30.7)

1,172 (27.1)

1.09 (1.04% to 1.14%)

<0.001

Noncavitary

2,639 (60.2)

2,826 (65.3)

Normal

146 (3.3)

118 (2.73)

Not done/unknown

253 (5.8)

211 (4.9)

Total

4,383

4,327

HIV statusf

Positive

458 (22.2)

223 (11.8)

1.37 (1.29% to 1.46%)

<0.001

Negative

978 (47.4)

847 (44.8)

NS

Indeterminate

0

4 (0.2)

Refused

106 (5.1)

138 (7.3)

Not offered

252 (12.2)

354 (18.7)

Unknown

270 (13.0)

323 (17.1)

Total

2,064

1,889

Homeless within past year

Yes

370 (7.2)

139 (2.5)

1.55 (1.46% to 1.64%

<0.001

No

4,724 (91.4)

5,370 (96.2)

Unknown

77 (1.5)

72 (1.3)

Resident of correctional facility at diagnosis

Yes

190 (3.7)

69 (1.2)

1.55 (1.43% to 1.67%)

<0.001

No

4,966 (96.0)

5,503 (98.6)

Unknown

15 (0.3)

9 (0.2)

Injecting drug useg

Yes

312 (6.0)

72 (1.3)

1.73 (1.65% to 1.83%)

<0.001

No

4,540 (87.8)

5,231 (93.7)

Unknown

319 (6.2)

278 (5.0)

Noninjecting drug useg

Yes

460 (8.9)

140 (2.5)

1.65 (1.57% to 1.73%)

<0.001

No

4,335 (83.8)

5,140 (92.1)

Unknown

376 (7.3)

301 (5.4)

Excessive alcohol useg

Yes

948 (18.3)

371 (6.6)

1.61 (1.54% to 1.67%)

<0.001

No

3,897 (75.4)

4,893 (87.7)

Unknown

326 (6.3)

317 (5.7)

First-line drugs h

Yes

622 (12.1)

755 (13.7)

0.93 (0.87% to 0.99%)

0.016

No

2,718 (53.0)

3,337 (60.5)

Not done

1,748 (34.1)

1,356 (24.6)

Unknown

45 (0.9

66 (1.2)

Total

5,133

5,514

aCI, confidence interval; S.E., standard error.bOnly factors that had significant differences are shown.cProbability of chi-square statistic is shown, except for t-test results from analysis of age from each group.dForeign-born only; arrived in the United States within 2 years.eExcludes cases with extrapulmonary TB only.fCalifornia TB cases not included; ages 15–44 years only.gExcessive drug or alcohol use within last year.hFirst-line drug resistance is resistance to at least one of the following: isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, or streptomycin. Second-line drug resistance is resistance to one or more of the following: ethionamide, kanamycin, cycloserine, capreomycin, para-amino salicylic acid, amikacin, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, or other drugs. Testing results for one or more of the drugs could have been missing.

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