Sample records for load duration curves from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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given flow and concentration data--select appropriate conversion factors 3. Develop LoadDurationCurve 4. Plot observed data with LoadDurationCurve #12;What are they? How do you make one? #12;DescribesRangeFlows LowFlows 40 % of the time there has been no flow at this site #12;Gather daily flow rate data Load

and concentration data--select appropriate conversion factors 3. Develop LoadDurationCurve 4. Plot observed data there has been no flow at this site #12;Gather daily flow rate data Load data into a spreasheet Sort largest, etc) Calculate percentage of days flow was exceeded: How do you estimate load with given data

The objective of this calculation is to evaluate the required minimum burnup as a function of initial boiling water reactor (BWR) assembly enrichment that would permit loading of spent nuclear fuel into the 44 BWR waste package configuration as provided in Attachment IV. This calculation is an application of the methodology presented in ''Disposal Criticality Analysis Methodology Topical Report'' (YMP 2003). The scope of this calculation covers a range of enrichments from 0 through 5.0 weight percent (wt%) U-235, and a burnup range of 0 through 40 GWd/MTU. This activity supports the validation of the use of burnup credit for commercial spent nuclear fuel applications. The intended use of these results will be in establishing BWR waste package configuration loading specifications. Limitations of this evaluation are as follows: (1) The results are based on burnup credit for actinides and selected fission products as proposed in YMP (2003, Table 3-1) and referred to as the ''Principal Isotopes''. Any change to the isotope listing will have a direct impact on the results of this report. (2) The results of 100 percent of the current BWR projected waste stream being able to be disposed of in the 44-BWR waste package with Ni-Gd Alloy absorber plates is contingent upon the referenced waste stream being sufficiently similar to the waste stream received for disposal. (3) The results are based on 1.5 wt% Gd in the Ni-Gd Alloy material and having no tuff inside the waste package. If the Gd loading is reduced or a process to introduce tuff inside the waste package is defined, then this report would need to be reevaluated based on the alternative materials.

The objective of this calculation is to evaluate the required minimum burnup as a function of initial pressurized water reactor (PWR) assembly enrichment that would permit loading of spent nuclear fuel into the 21 PWR waste package with absorber plates design as provided in Attachment IV. This calculation is an example of the application of the methodology presented in the ''Disposal Criticality Analysis Methodology Topical Report'' (YMP 2003). The scope of this calculation covers a range of enrichments from 0 through 5.0 weight percent U-235, and a burnup range of 0 through 45 GWd/MTU. Higher burnups were not necessary because 45 GWd/MTU was high enough for the loadingcurve determination. This activity supports the validation of the use of burnup credit for commercial spent nuclear fuel applications. The intended use of these results will be in establishing PWR waste package configuration loading specifications. Limitations of this evaluation are as follows: (1) The results are based on burnup credit for actinides and selected fission products as proposed in YMP (2003, Table 3-1) and referred to as the ''Principal Isotopes''. Any change to the isotope listing will have a direct impact on the results of this report. (2) The results are based on 1.5 wt% Gd in the Ni-Gd Alloy material and having no tuff inside the waste package. If the Gd loading is reduced or a process to introduce tuff inside the waste package is defined, then this report would need to be reevaluated based on the alternative materials. This calculation is subject to the ''Quality Assurance Requirements and Description'' (QARD) (DOE 2004) because it concerns engineered barriers that are included in the ''Q-List'' (BSC 2004k, Appendix A) as items important to safety and waste isolation.

There are a number of dirty data in the load database produced by SCADA system. Consequently, the data must be adjusted carefully and reasonably before being used for electric load forecasting or power system ana...

experimental data. An analytical model was developed using the energy method analysis and the buckling load was predicted from the minimum energy criterion. Comparison of the numerical and analytical results yielded fairly good agreement. An imperfection...

In the electric utility industry, load management provides the opportunity to control customer loads to beneficially alter a utility's loadcurveLoad management alternatives are covered. Load management methods can be broadly classified into four...

375 16 Load Data Cleansing and Bus Load Coincidence Factors* Wenyuan Li, Ke Wang, and Wijarn Wangdee 16.1 INTRODUCTION Loadcurve data refer to power consumptions recorded by meters at certain time intervals at buses of individual substations. Loadcurve data are one of the most important datasets

It is a fundamental human characteristic that a person engaged in a repetitive task will improve his performance over time. If data are gathered on this phenomenon, a curve representing a decrease in effort per unit for repetitive operations can be developed. This phenomenon is real and has a specific application in cost analysis, cost estimating, or profitability studies related to the examination of future costs and confidence levels in an analysis. This chapter discusses the development and application of the learning curve.

A long duration ash probe includes a pressure shell connected to a port in a combustor with a sample coupon mounted on a retractable carriage so as to retract the sample coupon within the pressure shell during sootblowing operation of the combustor. A valve mounted at the forward end of the pressure shell is selectively closeable to seal the sample coupon within the shell, and a heating element in the shell is operable to maintain the desired temperature of the sample coupon while retracted within the shell. The carriage is operably mounted on a pair of rails within the shell for longitudinal movement within the shell. A hollow carrier tube connects the hollow cylindrical sample coupon to the carriage, and extends through the carriage and out the rearward end thereof. Air lines are connected to the rearward end of the carrier tube and are operable to permit coolant to pass through the air lines and thence through the carrier tube to the sample coupon so as to cool the sample coupon.

A long duration ash probe includes a pressure shell connected to a port in a combustor with a sample coupon mounted on a retractable carriage so as to retract the sample coupon within the pressure shell during soot blowing operation of the combustor. A valve mounted at the forward end of the pressure shell is selectively closeable to seal the sample coupon within the shell, and a heating element in the shell is operable to maintain the desired temperature of the sample coupon while retracted within the shell. The carriage is operably mounted on a pair of rails within the shell for longitudinal movement within the shell. A hollow carrier tube connects the hollow cylindrical sample coupon to the carriage, and extends through the carriage and out the rearward end thereof. Air lines are connected to the rearward end of the carrier tube and are operable to permit coolant to pass through the air lines and thence through the carrier tube to the sample coupon so as to cool the sample coupon. 8 figs.

FATIGUE DESIGN CURVES FATIGUE DESIGN CURVES FOR 6061-T6 ALUMINUM* G . T . Yahr Engineering Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-8051 ABSTRACT A request has been made to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee that 6061-T6 aluminum be approved for use in the construction of Class 1 welded nuclear vessels so it can be used for the pressure vessel of the Advanced Neutron Source research reactor. Fatigue design curves with and without mean stress effects have been proposed. A knock-down factor of two is applied to the design curve for evaluation of welds. The basis of the curves is explained. The fatigue design curves are compared to fatigue data from base metal and weldments. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States

ROC curves and cost curves are two popular ways of visualising classifier performance, finding appropriate thresholds according to the operating condition, and deriving useful aggregated measures such as the area under the ROC curve (AUC) or ... Keywords: Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC), Cost curves, Cost-sensitive evaluation, Kendall tau distance, Operating condition, ROC curves, Ranking performance

Gaussian Curve Summations Gaussian Curve Summations Name: Jay Status: educator Grade: 9-12 Location: MA Country: USA Date: April 2011 Question: I have noticed that when similar Gaussian curves are placed next to each other with 50% overlap between the curves, the summed curves give a constant value equal to the curve peak. Is there a name for this phenomenon, and is it useful in science? Replies: You have to be careful that what appears to be a real mathematical result is analytically true and not a consequence of the scale of the graphing. For example, let us look at two Gaussian curves, G1 = (1/2pi)^1/2 x exp(-1/2(x-1)^2) and G2 = (1/2pi)^1/2 x exp(-1/2(x+1)^2) and their weighted sum Gt(x)= 2 x G1 + 2 x G2. These are two Gaussian curves with mean values (+/-) 1 and standard deviation = 1. That is, they are equally "fat". If you graph Gt(x) between (+/-)0.5, G(t) appears to be a constant very close to unity. However, if you increase the values of 'x' to (+/-)2 you see that the values of Gt = (+/-)0.5. Certainly not a constant. It is a flaw in our scaling of Gt. Or put another way, we are pulling G1 and G2 apart, with no change in the standard deviation. You could make this trickier if you do not hold the standard deviation constant, but make the standard deviation proportional to the mean, so that the curves get "fatter" as you move G1 and G2 apart.

A photovoltaic system includes multiple strings of solar panels and a device presenting a DC load to the strings of solar panels. Output currents of the strings of solar panels may be sensed and provided to a computer that generates current-voltage (IV) curves of the strings of solar panels. Output voltages of the string of solar panels may be sensed at the string or at the device presenting the DC load. The DC load may be varied. Output currents of the strings of solar panels responsive to the variation of the DC load are sensed to generate IV curves of the strings of solar panels. IV curves may be compared and analyzed to evaluate performance of and detect problems with a string of solar panels.

Sample records for load duration curves from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Currently an automated methodology based on data mining techniques is presented for the prediction of customer load patterns in long durationload profiles. The proposed approach in this paper...i) data preproces...

We study the transition to chaos at the golden and silver means for forced Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) convection in mercury. We present f(?) curves below, at, and above the transition, and provide comparisons to the curves calculated for the one-dimensional circle map. We find good agreement at both the golden and silver means. This confirms our earlier observation that for low amplitude forcing, forced RB convection is well described by the one-dimensional circle map and indicates that the f(?) curve is a good measure of the approach to criticality. For selected subcritical experimental data sets we calculate the degree of subcriticality. We also present both experimental and calculated results for f(?) in the presence of a third frequency. Again we obtain agreement: The presence of random noise or a third frequency narrows the right-hand (negative q) side of the f(?) curve. Subcriticality results in symmetrically narrowed curves. We can also distinguish these cases by examining the power spectra and Poincaré sections of the time series.

Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis is one of the most popular tools for the visual assessment and understanding of classifier performance. In this paper we present a new representation of regression models in the so-called regression ROC ... Keywords: Asymmetric loss, Cost-sensitive regression, Error variance, MSE decomposition, Operating condition, ROC Curves

Several data can be presented as interval curves where ... particular, this representation is well adapted for load profiles, which depict the electricity consumption of a class of customers. Electricity load pro...

We propose a method for generating well-shaped curved unstructured meshes using a nonlinear elasticity analogy. The geometry of the domain to be meshed is represented as an elastic solid. The undeformed geometry is the initial mesh of linear triangular or tetrahedral elements. The external loading results from prescribing a boundary displacement to be that of the curved geometry, and the final configuration is determined by solving for the equilibrium configuration. The deformations are represented using piecewise polynomials within each element of the original mesh. When the mesh is sufficiently fine to resolve the solid deformation, this method guarantees non-intersecting elements even for highly distorted or anisotropic initial meshes. We describe the method and the solution procedures, and we show a number of examples of two and three dimensional simplex meshes with curved boundaries. We also demonstrate how to use the technique for local refinement of non-curved meshes in the presence of curved boundaries.

Mean and peak wind loads on flat rectangular or circular heliostats were measured on models in a boundary layer wind tunnel which included an atmospheric surface layer simulation. Horizontal and vertical forces, moments about horizontal axes at the ground level and at the centerline of the heliostat, and the moment about the vertical axis through the heliostat center were measured. Results showed that loads are higher than predicted from results obtained in a uniform, low-turbulence flow due to the presence of turbulence. Reduced wind loads were demonstrated for heliostats within a field of heliostats and upper bound curves were developed to provide preliminary design coefficients.

Dynamic response of sandwich beams with resonators embedded in the cores subjected to impact loads is studied. Using finite element models the effectiveness of various local resonator frequencies under a given impact load is compared to the behavior of an equivalent mass beam. It is shown that addition of appropriately chosen local resonators into the sandwich beam is an effective method of improving its flexural bending behavior under impact loads. The effect of a given local resonance frequency under different impact loaddurations is also studied. It is demonstrated that the choice of appropriate local resonance frequency depends on the impact duration. Further, by performing transverse impact experiments, the finite element models are verified and the advantage of using internal resonators under impact loading conditions is demonstrated.

An important aspect of electric power supply systems is their inherent response time to rapid changes in loading demands. This presentation reviews the experimental response of an Alkali Metal Thermal Electric Converter (AMTEC) system when switched from open circuit to stable resistive loads. Our data show a nominal 35?Watt AMTEC converter responded rapidly throughout the power curve. Response times from open circuit to delivering 90% of peak DC current were within 0.25 milliseconds to 0.85 milliseconds for a range of electrically resistive loads at several typical AMTEC operational temperatures. Such response times to load changes suggest that AMTEC may be suitable as a primary power supply or backup power supply for critical space applications.

Purpose: To determine how modelled maximum tumor control rates, achievable without exceeding mucositis tolerance (tcp{sub max-early}) vary with schedule duration for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods and materials: Using maximum-likelihood techniques, we have fitted a range of tcp models to two HNSCC datasets (Withers' and British Institute of Radiology [BIR]), characterizing the dependence of tcp on duration and equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD{sub 2}). Models likely to best describe future data have been selected using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and its quasi-AIC extension to overdispersed data. Setting EQD{sub 2}s in the selected tcp models to levels just tolerable for mucositis, we have plotted tcp{sub max-early} against schedule duration. Results: While BIR dataset tcp fits describe dose levels isoeffective for tumor control as rising significantly with schedule protraction, indicative of accelerated tumor repopulation, repopulation terms in fits to Withers' dataset do not reach significance after accounting for overdispersion of the data. The tcp{sub max-early} curves calculated from tcp fits to the overall Withers' and BIR datasets rise by 8% and 0-4%, respectively, between 20 and 50 days duration; likewise, tcp{sub max-early} curves calculated for stage-specific cohorts also generally rise slowly with increasing duration. However none of the increases in tcp{sub max-early} calculated from the overall or stage-specific fits reach significance. Conclusions: Local control rates modeled for treatments which lie just within mucosal tolerance rise slowly but insignificantly with increasing schedule length. This finding suggests that whereas useful gains may be made by accelerating unnecessarily slow schedules until they approach early reaction tolerance, little is achieved by shortening schedules further while reducing doses to remain within mucosal tolerance, an approach that may slightly worsen outcomes.

A load sensing system inexpensively monitors the weight and temperature of stored nuclear material for long periods of time in widely variable environments. The system can include an electrostatic load cell that encodes weight and temperature into a digital signal which is sent to a remote monitor via a coaxial cable. The same cable is used to supply the load cell with power. When multiple load cells are used, vast

Abstract summary Variable loads along the power train are the primary cause attributed to the failure of gears, bearings, and other mechanical components. The concept of anticipatory control applied to a wind power train is presented. This new approach to power train load management is based on the data reflecting the current status of the power train. The model driving the optimization of the power train loads considers four different objectives, including minimization of the torque variability and power maximization. A software tool for power train load management is presented. This new approach to power train load control is based on the data reflecting the current status of the power train. Such data is collected by a typical SCADA system. The model driving the optimization of the power train loads considers four different objectives, including minimization of the torque variability and power maximization. Details of the model that is applicable to different turbines are presented Objectives Goal: Transform a wind a farm into a wind power plant Example objectives: ? Minimization of the torque ramp rate ? Maximization of the power produced ? Maximization of the power quality Modify the shape of the power curve Methods Data mining/Knowledge discovery

We have successfully demonstrated a 7.5 ns-duration pinhole-apertured backlighter at the Omega laser facility. Pinhole-apertured point-projection backlighting for 8 ns will be useful for imaging evolving features in experiments at the National Ignition Facility. The backlighter consisted of a 20 {micro}m diameter pinhole in a 75 {micro}m thick Ta substrate separated from a Zn emitter (9 keV) by a 400 {micro}m thick high-density carbon piece. The carbon prevented the shock from the laser-driven surface from reaching the substrate before 8 ns and helped minimize x-ray ablation of the pinhole substrate. Grid wires in x-ray framing camera images of a gold grid have a source-limited resolution significantly smaller than the pinhole diameter due to the high aspect ratio of the pinhole, but do not become much smaller at late times.

Sample records for load duration curves from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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A free standing self contained device for bonding ultra thin metallic films, such as 0.001 inch beryllium foils is disclosed. The device will regulate to a predetermined load for solid state bonding when heated to a bonding temperature. The device includes a load regulating feature, whereby the expansion stresses generated for bonding are regulated and self adjusting. The load regulator comprises a pair of friction isolators with a plurality of annealed copper members located therebetween. The device, with the load regulator, will adjust to and maintain a stress level needed to successfully and economically complete a leak tight bond without damaging thin foils or other delicate components. 1 fig.

A free standing self contained device for bonding ultra thin metallic films, such as 0.001 inch beryllium foils. The device will regulate to a predetermined load for solid state bonding when heated to a bonding temperature. The device includes a load regulating feature, whereby the expansion stresses generated for bonding are regulated and self adjusting. The load regulator comprises a pair of friction isolators with a plurality of annealed copper members located therebetween. The device, with the load regulator, will adjust to and maintain a stress level needed to successfully and economically complete a leak tight bond without damaging thin foils or other delicate components.

A load sensing system inexpensively monitors the weight and temperature of stored nuclear material for long periods of time in widely variable environments. The system can include an electrostatic load cell that encodes weight and temperature into a digital signal which is sent to a remote monitor via a coaxial cable. The same cable is used to supply the load cell with power. When multiple load cells are used, vast inventories of stored nuclear material can be continuously monitored and inventoried of minimal cost. 4 figs.

Load control circuitry was developed such that excess energy from a windmill, that would normally go back to the utility, be absorbed in thermal storage to heat domestic hot water. Also, associated with this objective is the development of instrumentation to measure the power curve of the windmill as a function of windspeed. An Enertech 4KW windmill and related equipment was used to meet this objective.

A study was undertaken to find a formula for predicting the additional load imposed on underground pipelines by soil freezing. The authors conclude that a modified Boussinesq equation can be used to assess this load. Results also showed that frost affects the modulus of soil reaction and therefore the induced stress in flexible pipe.

Stochastic growth phenomena on curved interfaces have not been explored in so much detail as their planar counterparts. The independence of the interface macroscopic shape on kinetic roughening has been occasionally assumed, but however, this fact can not be considered as universal. Stochastic partial differential equations on curved interfaces present dynamical and morphological properties that are completely different from their planar equivalents. Herein we will concentrate on equations which planar counterparts are linear. The fundamental differences are the loss of correlation of the interface through time for models showing sub-ballistic propagation of the correlations and the irrelevance of the noise in two and higher dimensional settings. We analyze some of these processes in detail, exploring why these consequences arise, and show that they tend to appear irrespective of the particular metric, provided that it is not Euclidean. Models showing a super-ballistic propagation of correlations present a fl...

We compute the optical conductivity for an out-of-plane deformation in graphene using an approach based on solutions of the Dirac equation in curved space. Different examples of periodic deformations along one direction translates into an enhancement of the optical conductivity peaks in the region of the far and mid infrared frequencies for periodicities $\\sim100\\,$nm. The width and position of the peaks can be changed by dialling the parameters of the deformation profiles. The enhancement of the optical conductivity is due to intraband transitions and the translational invariance breaking in the geometrically deformed background. Furthemore, we derive an analytical solution of the Dirac equation in a curved space for a general deformation along one spatial direction. For this class of geometries, it is shown that curvature induces an extra phase in the electron wave function, which can also be explored to produce interference devices of the Aharonov-Bohm type.

We present an analysis indicating that there is a correlation between the fluences and the durations of gamma-ray bursts, and provide arguments that this reflects a correlation between the total emitted energies and the intrinsic durations. For the short (long) bursts the total emitted energies are roughly proportional to the first (second) power of the intrinsic duration. This difference in the energy-duration relationship is statistically significant, and may provide an interesting constraint on models aiming to explain the short and long gamma-ray bursts.

shown that the algorithm scales according to the definition of scalability given following. LoadScalable Load Distribution and Load Balancing for Dynamic Parallel Programs E. Berger and J. C of an integrated load distribution-load balancing algorithm which was targeted to be both efficient and scalable

: An assembly of the various blocks of the library of simbad and simulink permit to model building. Finally the last part prensents the study results: Graphs and tables to see the load shedding strategies impacts....

The WECC load modeling task force has dedicated its effort in the past few years to develop a composite load model that can represent behaviors of different end-user components. The modeling structure of the composite load model is recommended by the WECC load modeling task force. GE Energy has implemented this composite load model with a new function CMPLDW in its power system simulation software package, PSLF. For the last several years, Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has taken the lead and collaborated with GE Energy to develop the new composite load model. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and BPA joint force and conducted the evaluation of the CMPLDW and test its parameter settings to make sure that:  the model initializes properly,  all the parameter settings are functioning, and  the simulation results are as expected. The PNNL effort focused on testing the CMPLDW in a 4-bus system. An exhaustive testing on each parameter setting has been performed to guarantee each setting works. This report is a summary of the PNNL testing results and conclusions.

We demonstrate loading by laser ablation of $^{88}$Sr$^+$ ions into a mm-scale surface-electrode ion trap. The laser used for ablation is a pulsed, frequency-tripled Nd:YAG with pulse energies of 1-10 mJ and durations of 3-5 ns. An additional laser is not required to photoionize the ablated material. The efficiency and lifetime of several candidate materials for the laser ablation target are characterized by measuring the trapped ion fluorescence signal for a number of consecutive loads. Additionally, laser ablation is used to load traps with a trap depth (40 meV) below where electron impact ionization loading is typically successful ($\\gtrsim$ 500 meV).

We study coupled irreversible processes. For linear or linearized kinetics with microreversibility, $\\dot{x}=Kx$, the kinetic operator $K$ is symmetric in the entropic inner product. This form of Onsager's reciprocal relations implies that the shift in time, $\\exp (Kt)$, is also a symmetric operator. This generates reciprocity relations between kinetic curves. For example, for the Master equation, if we start the process from the $i$th pure state and measure the probability $p_j(t)$ of the $j$th state ($j\

Blending, the combining of two or more components to make a single product, has become widely used in most loading rack applications. Blending should not be confused with additive injection, which is the injection of very small doses of enhancers, detergents and dyes into a product stream. Changes in the environmental protection laws in the early 90`s have put increasing demands on marketing terminals with regards to reformulated fuels and environmental protection concerns. As a result of these new mandates, terminals have turned to blending at the loading rack as an economical and convenient means in meeting these new requirements. This paper will discuss some of these mandates and how loading rack blending is used for different applications. Various types of blending will also be discussed along with considerations for each method.

Sample records for load duration curves from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Simulations in the GUSBAD Catalog of gamma-ray bursts suggest that the apparent duration of a burst decreases as its amplitude is decreased. We see no evidence for this effect in the BATSE catalog. We show that for a burst at the detection limit, the typical signal-to-noise ratio at the edges of the T90 duration is around 1.5, suggesting that T90 must be quite uncertain. The situation for T50 is less unfavorable. Simulations using the exact procedure to derive the durations in the BATSE catalog would be useful in quantifying the effect.

We present the results of a set of numerical simulations of long-duration gamma-ray burst jets associated with massive, compact stellar progenitors. The simulations extend to large radii and allow us to locate the region in which the peak frequency of the advected radiation is set before the radiation is released at the photosphere. Light curves and spectra are calculated for different viewing angles as well as different progenitor structures and jet properties. We find that the radiation released at the photosphere of matter-dominated jets is able to reproduce the observed Amati and energy-Lorentz factor correlations. Our simulations also predict a correlation between the burst energy and the radiative efficiency of the prompt phase, consistent with observations.

Company have moved to a demand side or load management mode which seeks to influence customers to change electric usage patterns to more efficiently use available generating capacity. Since 1970, the TUEC system peak demand has more than doubled from about...

Duration of Investigations Duration of Investigations Conducted Pursuant to 10 CFR 820.21; Purpose of Transcript Requirements Set Forth in 10 CFR 820.10 (d) Enforcement Guidance Supplement 98-01: Duration of Investigations Conducted Pursuant to 10 CFR 820.21; Purpose of Transcript Requirements Set Forth in 10 CFR 820.10 (d) The DOE Enforcement Handbook (1087-95) provides the Office of Enforcement and lnvestigation with the opportunity to issue interim clarifying guidance occasionally with respect to the processes to be used in this office (see Section 1.3- Interim Enforcement Guidance). In particular, it is important to assist contractors and others on the relationships between the requirements of Part 820 and the Enforcement Policy, 10 CFR 820, Appendix A. Enforcement Guidance Supplement 98-01: Duration of Investigations Conducted

. These stimuli, and the entire syllables, were presented to 12 subjects for consonant identification. Results show that the listener does not require the entire fricativevowel syllable in order to correctly perceive a fricative. The required frication duration...

It is known that the counting rate of both Nai and Csi hard X-ray detectors can have intense enhancements of brief ... duration, which appear like very short cosmic gamma-ray bursts but probably are due to phosph...

This report summarizes results from studies to determine relationships among the volume, duration and frequencies of floods in ungaged catchments in Texas. Methodologies were adopted for determining flood volumes at unregulated, non-urban catchments...

is an example of an initial unexpanded fos load le. It loads data for the le: u-init-y.cy0 u data for the le: e-init-y.cy0 2 #12;e-next-y.lod - this is an expanded fos load which uses erecreate load le Rick Whitman November 27, 1996 Usage The tool is invoked by entering recreate load

Ultraviolet light curves are calculated for several thermonuclear supernova models using a multifrequency radiation hydrodynamic code. It is found that Chandrasekhar-mass models produce very similar light curves both for detonation and deflagration. Sub-Chandrasekhar-mass models essentially differ from ``normal'' Chandrasekhar ones regarding behaviour of their UV fluxes. Differences in absolute brightness and in shape of light curves of thermonuclear supernovae could be detectable up to 300 Mpc with modern UV space telescopes.

The behavior and interrelations between the main shipping forward curves are analyzed using multivariate statistics after removing the volatility distortions dictated by the Samuelson hypothesis. Principal Components ...

We review the theory of quantum fields propagating in an arbitrary, classical, globally hyperbolic spacetime. Our review emphasizes the conceptual issues arising in the formulation of the theory and presents known results in a mathematically precise way. Particular attention is paid to the distributional nature of quantum fields, to their local and covariant character, and to microlocal spectrum conditions satisfied by physically reasonable states. We review the Unruh and Hawking effects for free fields, as well as the behavior of free fields in deSitter spacetime and FLRW spacetimes with an exponential phase of expansion. We review how nonlinear observables of a free field, such as the stress-energy tensor, are defined, as well as time-ordered-products. The "renormalization ambiguities" involved in the definition of time-ordered products are fully characterized. Interacting fields are then perturbatively constructed. Our main focus is on the theory of a scalar field, but a brief discussion of gauge fields is included. We conclude with a brief discussion of a possible approach towards a nonperturbative formulation of quantum field theory in curved spacetime and some remarks on the formulation of quantum gravity.

We present observations of 32 primarily bright, newly discovered Transneptunian objects (TNOs) observable from the Southern Hemisphere during 39 nights of observation with the Irenee du Pont 2.5 m telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. Our dataset includes objects in all dynamical classes, but is weighted toward scattered objects. We find 15 objects for which we can fit periods and amplitudes to the data, and place light curve amplitude upper limits on the other 17 objects. Combining our sample with the larger light curve sample in the literature, we find a 3{sigma} correlation between light curve amplitude and absolute magnitude with fainter objects having larger light curve amplitudes. We looked for correlations between light curve and individual orbital properties, but did not find any statistically significant results. However, if we consider light curve properties with respect to object dynamical classification, we find statistically different distributions between the classical-scattered and classical-resonant populations at the 95.60% and 94.64% level, respectively, with the classical objects having larger amplitude light curves. The significance is 97.05% if the scattered and resonant populations are combined. The properties of binary light curves are largely consistent with the greater TNO population except in the case of tidally locked systems. All the Haumea family objects measured so far have light curve amplitudes and rotation periods {<=}10 hr, suggesting that they are not significantly different from the larger TNO population. We expect multiple factors are influencing object rotations: object size dominates light curve properties except in the case of tidal, or proportionally large collisional interactions with other TNOs, the influence of the latter being different for each TNO sub-population. We also present phase curves and colors for some of our objects.

Point-to-curve ray tracing is an attempt at dealing with multiplicity of solutions to a generic boundary-value problem of ray tracing. In a point-to-curve tracing (P2C) the input parameters of the boundary-value....

Point-to-curve ray tracing is an attempt at dealing with multiplicity of solutions to a generic boundary-value problem of ray tracing. In a point-to-curve tracing (P2C) the input parameters of the boundary-value....

Sample records for load duration curves from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "load duration curves" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
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they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
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Operating nuclear power plants frequently encounter temporary loads/temporary conditions in plant normal operation and maintenance (O and M). The most obvious examples are installation of temporary shielding and scaffolding, or removal of certain supports, to facilitate plant refueling and maintenance outage activities. Short-term operability calls such as those due to snubber failures or unanticipated transients also create temporary loads/temporary conditions. These temporary situations often generate loads that are outside the original plant design basis. Consequently, separate evaluations are needed to ensure that plant structures, systems and components (SSCs) maintain their integrity and functionality while these temporary loads are active. Also, the temporary structures and components need to be evaluated to ensure their integrity during the temporary duration of use. Three types of approaches are normally adopted either individually or in combination to perform needed evaluations: relax the design allowables, use a more refined analysis model but retain the design basis acceptance criteria, or offset temporary loads by eliminating or reducing part of the design basis loads based on short duration considerations. This paper reviews temporary loading/temporary condition issues and the current industry criteria and procedures proposed in dealing with these issues. Where appropriate, regulatory positions on temporary loads/temporary conditions are discussed.

larger now than prior to 1973. Utilities are examining two options which can be termed load management. One option is to control discretionary loads during peak periods. Cycling of residential water heaters or shutting off industrial electric furnaces...

We examine the effects of time dilation on the temporal profiles of gamma-ray burst (GRB) pulses. By using prescriptions for the shape and evolution of prompt gamma-ray spectra, we can generate a simulated population of single-pulsed GRBs at a variety of redshifts and observe how their light curves would appear to a gamma-ray detector here on Earth. We find that the observer frame duration of individual pulses does not increase with redshift as 1 + z, which one would expect from cosmological expansion. This time dilation is masked by an opposite and often stronger effect: with increasing redshift and decreasing signal-to-noise ratio only the brightest portion of the light curve can be detected. The results of our simulation are consistent with the fact that the simple time dilation of GRB light curves has not materialized in either the Swift or Fermi detected GRBs with known redshift. We show that the measured durations and associated E{sub iso} estimates for GRBs detected near the instrument's detection threshold should be considered lower limits to the true values. Furthermore, we conclude that attempts at distinguishing between long and short GRBs, at even moderate redshifts, cannot be done based on a burst's temporal properties alone.

Enforcement Guidance Supplement 98-01:Duration of Investigations Enforcement Guidance Supplement 98-01:Duration of Investigations Conducted Pursuant to 10 CFR 820.21; Purpose of Transcript Requirements Set Forth in 10 CFR 820.10 (d) Enforcement Guidance Supplement 98-01:Duration of Investigations Conducted Pursuant to 10 CFR 820.21; Purpose of Transcript Requirements Set Forth in 10 CFR 820.10 (d) The DOE Enforcement Handbook (1087-95) provides the Office of Enforcement and Investigation with the opportunity to issue interim clarifying guidance occasionally with respect to the processes to be used in this office (see Section 1.3- Interim Enforcement Guidance). In particular, it is important to assist contractors and others on the relationships between the requirements of Part 820 and the Enforcement Policy, 10 CFR 820, Appendix

An automatic loading roller for transmitting torque in traction drive devices in manipulator arm joints includes a two-part camming device having a first cam portion rotatable in place on a shaft by an input torque and a second cam portion coaxially rotatable and translatable having a rotating drive surface thereon for engaging the driven surface of an output roller with a resultant force proportional to the torque transmitted. Complementary helical grooves in the respective cam portions interconnected through ball bearings interacting with those grooves effect the rotation and translation of the second cam portion in response to rotation of the first. 14 figs.

domestic end-uses, the development of plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles, the increase of heat pumps heating systems such as heat pumps in new building or which will replace old installed fossil fuels based systems; Â· integration of new end-uses such as Plug-in Electric Vehicles and an always growing number

investigated. The Beggs and Brill multiphase pressure drop correlation was programmed and used as a basis to generate tubing performance curves and to study the effects of various parameters on long term gas production. Turner's method for predicting... the known methods of analyzing liquid loading problems in gas wells. A computer program will be developed to aid in generating tubing performance curves along with calculated gas velocity profiles. The calculated gas velocity profile...

The purpose of this paper is to compare two methods of blade test loading and show how they are applied in an actual blade test. Strength and load-based methods were examined to determine the test load for an Atlantic Orient Corporation (AOC) 15/50 wind turbine blade for fatigue and static testing. Fatigue load-based analysis was performed using measured field test loads extrapolated for extreme rare events and scaled to thirty-year spectra. An accelerated constant amplitude fatigue test that gives equivalent damage at critical locations was developed using Miner`s Rule and the material S-N curves. Test load factors were applied to adjust the test loads for uncertainties, and differences between the test and operating environment. Similar analyses were carried, out for the strength-based fatigue test using the strength of the blade and the material properties to determine the load level and number of constant amplitude cycles to failure. Static tests were also developed using load and strength criteria. The resulting test loads were compared and contrasted. The analysis shows that, for the AOC 15/50 blade, the strength-based test loads are higher than any of the static load-based cases considered but were exceeded in the fatigue analysis for a severe hot/wet environment.

MTS Table Top Load frame MTS Table Top Load frame The Non-destructive Evaluation group operates an MTS Table Top Load frame for ultimate strength and life cycle testing of various ceramic, ceramic-matrix (FGI), carbon, carbon fiber, cermet (CMC) and metal alloy engineering samples. The load frame is a servo-hydraulic type designed to function in a closed loop configuration under computer control. The system can perform non-cyclic, tension, compression and flexure testing and cyclic fatigue tests. The system is comprised of two parts: * The Load Frame and * The Control System. Load Frame The Load Frame (figure 1) is a cross-head assembly which includes a single moving grip, a stationary grip and LVDT position sensor. It can generate up to 25 kN (5.5 kip) of force in the sample under test and can

This report summarizes the results of a duration test that NREL conducted on the Entegrity EW50 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commissions' (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator System Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed.2.0, 2006-03.

A simple empirical model was set up to evaluate monthly sunshine duration on the basis of the mean daily cloudiness. A linear regression on monthly sunshine versus the number of clear, cloudy and over-cast days was fitted by a least-squares ...

The Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab (JLab) is a 3000 W hydrogen target scheduled for the summer of 2010 and running for two years until the planned shut-down for 12GeV. The End Station Refrigerator (ESR) supports the three experiment halls, two of which may normally have a hydrogen target. The refrigerator for the ESR is a CTI/Helix 1500 W 4.5-K refrigerator nominally capable of supporting a 1250 W target load at 12 bar and 15-K (plus 1100 W of 4.5-K refrigeration). As such, this refrigerator is not capable of supporting the Qweak experiment target load in its present condition. Additionally, since the installation of an ambient air vaporizer for a single use, two week run duration of a high target load in the summer of 2003 there has been a consistent usage of the Central Helium Liquefiers (CHLs) 3 bar 4.5-K helium, supplied via an existing transfer-line to the ESR, for other high target loads. By the fall of 2004, it was apparent that this continued use of CHLs supercritical helium was routinely being sought by the hall experimenters. As such, a method of refrigeration recovery was proposed to reduce the support required of CHL for these high target loads, including the anticipated Qweak experiment, while utilizing the recovered CHL refrigeration from the target to increase ESRs 12 bar 15-K capacity.

Incentive programs that encourage customers to purchase new or replacement high efficiency motors (HEM) are an element of many utilities DSM efforts. Such a program has been in place at Ontario Hydro since late 1989. The program was expected to rebate up to 800,000 HP over its five year duration. This paper reports on the results of a recently completed load analysis study to assess the load impacts of the program. The findings are based on field metering of integral HP, three-phase induction motors up to 500HP in size, at thirty industrial sites. Using a database of manufacturers`reported effiiencies, loadings and operating times for each of 181 standard and high efficiency motors are estimated. The results will be used as part of program impact evaluation. They indicate lower motor loadings and longer operating hours than had been assumed for interim evaluation. The paper provides detailed estimates of loading by HP group, industrial segment, and end-use. Issues in sample design, field metering and extrapolation to the rebated motor population are also discussed.

ABSTRACT The International Monitoring System (IMS) consists of up to 80 aerosol and xenon monitoring systems spaced around the world that have collection systems sensitive enough to detect nuclear releases from underground nuclear tests at great distances (CTBT 1996; CTBTO 2011). Although a few of the IMS radionuclide stations are closer together than 1,000 km (such as the stations in Kuwait and Iran), many of them are 2,000 km or more apart. In the absence of a scientific basis for optimizing the duration of atmospheric sampling, historically scientists used a integration times from 24 hours to 14 days for radionuclides (Thomas et al. 1977). This was entirely adequate in the past because the sources of signals were far away and large, meaning that they were smeared over many days by the time they had travelled 10,000 km. The Fukushima event pointed out the unacceptable delay time (72 hours) between the start of sample acquisition and final data being shipped. A scientific basis for selecting a sample duration time is needed. This report considers plume migration of a nondecaying tracer using archived atmospheric data for 2011 in the HYSPLIT (Draxler and Hess 1998; HYSPLIT 2011) transport model. We present two related results: the temporal duration of the majority of the plume as a function of distance and the behavior of the maximum plume concentration as a function of sample collection duration and distance. The modeled plume behavior can then be combined with external information about sampler design to optimize sample durations in a sampling network.

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An application-level method for dynamically maintaining global load balance on a parallel computer, particularly on massively parallel MIMD computers. Global load balancing is achieved by overlapping neighborhoods of processors, where each neighborhood performs local load balancing. The method supports a large class of finite element and finite difference based applications and provides an automatic element management system to which applications are easily integrated.

A compact high-power RF load comprises a series of very low Q resonators, or chokes [16], in a circular waveguide [10]. The sequence of chokes absorb the RF power gradually in a short distance while keeping the bandwidth relatively wide. A polarizer [12] at the input end of the load is provided to convert incoming TE.sub.10 mode signals to circularly polarized TE.sub.11 mode signals. Because the load operates in the circularly polarized mode, the energy is uniformly and efficiently absorbed and the load is more compact than a rectangular load. Using these techniques, a load having a bandwidth of 500 MHz can be produced with an average power dissipation level of 1.5 kW at X-band, and a peak power dissipation of 100 MW. The load can be made from common lossy materials, such as stainless steel, and is less than 15 cm in length. These techniques can also produce loads for use as an alternative to ordinary waveguide loads in small and medium RF accelerators, in radar systems, and in other microwave applications. The design is easily scalable to other RF frequencies and adaptable to the use of other lossy materials.

A compression ignition (diesel) engine uses two or more fuel charges during a combustion cycle, with the fuel charges having two or more reactivities (e.g., different cetane numbers), in order to control the timing and duration of combustion. By appropriately choosing the reactivities of the charges, their relative amounts, and their timing, combustion can be tailored to achieve optimal power output (and thus fuel efficiency), at controlled temperatures (and thus controlled NOx), and with controlled equivalence ratios (and thus controlled soot). At low load and no load (idling) conditions, the aforementioned results are attained by restricting airflow to the combustion chamber during the intake stroke (as by throttling the incoming air at or prior to the combustion chamber's intake port) so that the cylinder air pressure is below ambient pressure at the start of the compression stroke.

This invention deals with spring loaded locator pins. Locator pins are sometimes referred to as captured pins. This is a mechanism which locks two items together with the pin that is spring loaded so that it drops into a locator hole on the work piece.

This invention deals with spring loaded locator pins. Locator pins are sometimes referred to as captured pins. This is a mechanism which locks two items together with the pin that is spring loaded so that it drops into a locator hole on the work piece. 5 figs.

The adoption of low carbon energy technologies such as variable renewable energy and electric vehicles, coupled with the efficacy of energy efficiency to reduce traditional base load has increased the uncertainty inherent in the net load shape. Handling this variability with slower, traditional resources leads to inefficient system dispatch, and in some cases may compromise reliability. Grid operators are looking to future energy technologies, such as automated demand response (DR), to provide capacity-based reliability services as the need for these services increase. While DR resources are expected to have the flexibility characteristics operators are looking for, demonstrations are necessary to build confidence in their capabilities. Additionally, building owners are uncertain of the monetary value and operational burden of providing these services. To address this, the present study demonstrates the ability of demand response resources providing two ancillary services in the PJM territory, synchronous reserve and regulation, using an OpenADR 2.0b signaling architecture. The loads under control include HVAC and lighting at a big box retail store and variable frequency fan loads. The study examines performance characteristics of the resource: the speed of response, communications latencies in the architecture, and accuracy of response. It also examines the frequency and duration of events and the value in the marketplace which can be used to examine if the opportunity is sufficient to entice building owners to participate.

We present comprehensive multiwavelength observations of three gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with durations of several thousand seconds. We demonstrate that these events are extragalactic transients; in particular we resolve the long-standing conundrum of the distance of GRB 101225A (the "Christmas-day burst"), finding it to have a redshift z=0.847, and showing that two apparently similar events (GRB 111209A and GRB 121027A) lie at z=0.677 and z=1.773 respectively. The systems show extremely unusual X-ray and optical lightcurves, very different from classical GRBs, with long lasting highly variable X-ray emission and optical light curves that exhibit little correlation with the behaviour seen in the X-ray. Their host galaxies are faint, compact, and highly star forming dwarf galaxies, typical of "blue compact galaxies". We propose that these bursts are the prototypes of a hitherto largely unrecognized population of ultra-long GRBs, that while observationally difficult to detect may be astrophysically relatively com...

Significant changes were made in design limits for pressurized vessels in the 2007 version of the ASME Code (Section VIII, Div. 3) and 2008 and 2009 Addenda. There is now a local damage-mechanics based strain-exhaustion limit as well as the well-known global plastic collapse limit. Moreover, Code Case 2564 (Section VIII, Div. 3) has recently been approved to address impulsively loaded vessels. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate the plastic collapse limit as it applies to dynamically loaded spherical vessels. Plastic instabilities that could potentially develop in spherical shells under symmetric loading conditions are examined for a variety of plastic constitutive relations. First, a literature survey of both static and dynamic instabilities associated with spherical shells is presented. Then, a general plastic instability condition for spherical shells subjected to displacement controlled and impulsive loading is given. This instability condition is evaluated for six plastic and visco-plastic constitutive relations. The role of strain-rate sensitivity on the instability point is investigated. Calculations for statically and dynamically loaded spherical shells are presented, illustrating the formation of instabilities as well as the role of imperfections. Conclusions of this work are that there are two fundamental types of instabilities associated with failure of spherical shells. In the case of impulsively loaded vessels, where the pulse duration is short compared to the fundamental period of the structure, one instability type is found not to occur in the absence of static internal pressure. Moreover, it is found that the specific role of strain-rate sensitivity on the instability strain depends on the form of the constitutive relation assumed.

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We introduce a new paradigm, the differential invariant signature curve or manifold, for the invariant recognition of visual objects. A general theorem of É. Cartan implies that two curves are related by a group transformation if and only if ... Keywords: Euclidean group, curve shortening flow, differential invariant, equi-affine group, joint invariant, numerical approximation, object recognition, signature curve, snake, symmetry group

A simple path or cycle in a triangulated surface is normal if it intersects any triangle in a finite set of arcs, each crossing from one edge of the triangle to another. We describe an algorithm to "trace" a normal curve in O(min set{X, n2log ... Keywords: computational topology, geodesics, normal coordinates

, Texas Abstract Load factors and operating hours of small and medium-sized industrial plants are analyzed to classify shift-work patterns and develop energy conservation diagnostic tools. This paper discusses two types of electric load factors... for each shift classification within major industry groups. The load factor based on billing hours (ELF) increases with operating hours from about 0.4 for a nominal one shift operation, to about 0.7 for around-the-clock operation. On the other hand...

The discovery of supernovae associated with long-duration gamma-ray burst observations is primary evidence that the progenitors of these outbursts are massive stars. One of the principle mysteries in understanding these progenitors has been the fact that all of these gamma-ray-burst-associated supernovae are Type Ic supernovae with no evidence of helium in the stellar atmosphere. Many studies have focused on whether or not this helium is simply hidden from spectral analyses. In this Letter, we show results from recent stellar models using new convection algorithms based on our current understanding of stellar mixing. We demonstrate that enhanced convection may lead to severe depletion of stellar helium layers, suggesting that the helium is not observed simply because it is not in the star. We also present light curves and spectra of these compact helium-depleted stars compared to models with more conventional helium layers.

Measurement and Estimation of sunshine duration for Bangladesh Measurement and Estimation of sunshine duration for Bangladesh Dataset Summary Description (Abstract): Sunshine duration recorders are widely used to estimate global radiation from sunshine duration data using Angstrom type correlations. The number of pyranometer stations that measure global radiation is inadequate in Bangladesh. 31 stations of Bangladesh Meteorological department records both sunshine duration and cloud cover data. A study of the data shows that 6 of the stations do not have satisfactory data for sunshine duration, while cloud cover data for all stations appear to be reasonably good. An attempt has therefore been taken to correlate cloud cover with sunshine duration to estimate sunshine hours for the 6 stations. In this paper two methods have been used to estimate sunshine duration from cloud cover.

The medical care of space crews is the primary limiting factor in the achievement of long-duration space missions. (Nicogossian 2003) The goal of this thesis was to develop a model of long-duration human space flight ...

An annular valve body having a central passageway for the flow of blood therethrough with two curved leaflets each of which is pivotally supported on an accentric positioned axis in the central passageway for moving between a closed position and an open position. The leaflets are curved in a plane normal to the eccentric axis and positioned with the convex side of the leaflets facing each other when the leaflets are in the open position. Various parameters such as the curvature of the leaflets, the location of the eccentric axis, and the maximum opening angle of the leaflets are optimized according to the following performance criteria: maximize the minimum peak velocity through the valve, maximize the net stroke volume, and minimize the mean forward pressure difference, thereby reducing thrombosis and improving the hemodynamic performance.

Recent observations from the Swift gamma-ray burst mission indicate that a fraction of gamma ray bursts are characterized by a canonical behaviour of the X-ray afterglows. We present an effective theory which allows us to account for X-ray light curves of both (short - long) gamma ray bursts and X-ray rich flashes. We propose that gamma ray bursts originate from massive magnetic powered pulsars.

Dark energy inferred from the observed negative deceleration parameter introduces a small mass of the graviton, that satisfies the Higuchi stability condition. It implies an infra-red modification of gravitation that produces Milgrom's inverse distance law of gravitational attraction in excellent agreement with the observed galaxy rotation curves. We conclude that dark matter is present cosmologically with no need for local clustering in galaxies.

We conducted a comprehensive search for optical phase variations of all close-in (a/R{sub *} < 10) planet candidates in 15 quarters of Kepler space telescope data. After correcting for systematics, we found eight systems that show secondary eclipses as well as phase variations. Of these, five (Kepler-5, Kepler-6, Kepler-8, KOI-64, and KOI-2133) are new and three (TrES-2, HAT-P-7, and KOI-13) have published phase curves, albeit with many fewer observations. We model the full phase curve of each planet candidate, including the primary and secondary transits, and derive their albedos, dayside and nightside temperatures, ellipsoidal variations, and Doppler beaming. We find that KOI-64 and KOI-2133 have nightside temperatures well above their equilibrium values (while KOI-2133 also has an albedo, >1), so we conclude that they are likely to be self-luminous objects rather than planets. The other six candidates have characteristics consistent with their being planets with low geometric albedos (<0.3). For TrES-2 and KOI-13, the Kepler bandpass appears to probe atmospheric layers hotter than the planet's equilibrium temperature. For KOI-13, we detect a never-before-seen third cosine harmonic with an amplitude of 6.7 {+-} 0.3 ppm and a phase shift of -1.1 {+-} 0.1 rad in the phase curve residual, possibly due to its spin-orbit misalignment. We report derived planetary parameters for all six planets, including masses from ellipsoidal variations and Doppler beaming, and compare our results to published values when available. Our results nearly double the number of Kepler exoplanets with measured phase curve variations, thus providing valuable constraints on the properties of hot Jupiters.

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of particle-laden turbulent flow in straight, mildly curved and strongly bent pipes are performed in which the solid phase is modelled as small heavy spherical particles. The objective is to examine the effect of the curvature on particle transport and accumulation, in particular how the turbophoretic drift of the particles is affected by weak and strong secondary motions of the carrier phase and geometry-induced centrifugal forces. A total of seven populations of dilute particles with different Stokes numbers, one-way coupled with their carrier phase, are simulated. Even a slight non-zero curvature in the flow configuration shows a strong impact on the particle dynamics. Near-wall helicoidal particle streaks are observed in the curved configurations with their inclination varying with the strength of the secondary motion of the carrier phase. A reflection layer, as previously observed in particle laden turbulent S-shaped channels, is also apparent in the strongly curved pip...

To compare the operating costs of an existing standard motor with an appropriately-sized energy-efficient replacement, you need to determine operating hours, efficiency improvement values, and load. Part-load is a term used to describe the actual load served by the motor as compared to the rated full-load capability of the motor. Motor part-loads may be estimated through using input power, amperage, or speed measurements. This fact sheet briefly discusses several load estimation techniques.

Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 50 (10CFR50), Appendix G, establishes the bases for setting allowable pressure and temperature limits on reactors during heatup and cooldown operation. Both the K{sub Ic} and K{sub Ia} curves are utilized in prescribed ways to maintain reactor vessel structural integrity in the presence of an assumed or actual flaw and operating stresses. Currently, the code uses the K{sub Ia} curve, normalized to the RT{sub NDT}, to represent the fracture toughness trend for unirradiated and irradiated pressure vessel steels. Although this is clearly a conservative policy, it has been suggested that the K{sub Ic} curve is the more appropriate for application to a non-accident operating condition. A number of uncertainties have been identified, however, that might convert normal operating transients into a dynamic loading situation. Those include the introduction of running cracks from local brittle zones, crack pop-ins, reduced toughness from arrested cleavage cracks, description of the K{sub Ic} curve for irradiated materials, and other related unresolved issues relative to elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. Some observations and conclusions can be made regarding various aspects of those uncertainties and they are discussed in this paper. A discussion of further work required and under way to address the remaining uncertainties is also presented.

An self-aligning biaxial loading apparatus for use in testing the strength of specimens while maintaining a constant specimen centroid during the loading operation. The self-aligning biaxial loading apparatus consists of a load frame and two load assemblies for imparting two independent perpendicular forces upon a test specimen. The constant test specimen centroid is maintained by providing elements for linear motion of the load frame relative to a fixed crosshead, and by alignment and linear motion elements of one load assembly relative to the load frame.

An self-aligning biaxial loading apparatus for use in testing the strength of specimens while maintaining a constant specimen centroid during the loading operation. The self-aligning biaxial loading apparatus consists of a load frame and two load assemblies for imparting two independent perpendicular forces upon a test specimen. The constant test specimen centroid is maintained by providing elements for linear motion of the load frame relative to a fixed cross head, and by alignment and linear motion elements of one load assembly relative to the load frame. 3 figures.

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This report reviews options that may be alternatives to transmission construction (ATT) applicable both generally and at specific locations in the service area of the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). Some of these options have potential as specific alternatives to the Shelton-Fairmount 230-kV Reinforcement Project, which is the focus of this study. A listing of 31 peak load management (PLM) options is included. Estimated costs and normalized hourly load shapes, corresponding to the respective base load and controlled load cases, are considered for 15 of the above options. A summary page is presented for each of these options, grouped with respect to its applicability in the residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors. The report contains comments on PLM measures for which load shape management characteristics are not yet available. These comments address the potential relevance of the options and the possible difficulty that may be encountered in characterizing their value should be of interest in this investigation. The report also identifies options that could improve the efficiency of the three customer utility distribution systems supplied by the Shelton-Fairmount Reinforcement Project. Potential cogeneration options in the Olympic Peninsula are also discussed. These discussions focus on the options that appear to be most promising on the Olympic Peninsula. Finally, a short list of options is recommended for investigation in the next phase of this study. 9 refs., 24 tabs.

We present light curves of three classical novae (CNe; KT Eridani, V598 Puppis, V1280 Scorpii) and one recurrent nova (RS Ophiuchi) derived from data obtained by the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) on board the Coriolis satellite. SMEI provides near complete skymap coverage with precision visible-light photometry at 102 minute cadence. The light curves derived from these skymaps offer unprecedented temporal resolution around, and especially before, maximum light, a phase of the eruption normally not covered by ground-based observations. They allow us to explore fundamental parameters of individual objects including the epoch of the initial explosion, the reality and duration of any pre-maximum halt (found in all three fast novae in our sample), the presence of secondary maxima, speed of decline of the initial light curve, plus precise timing of the onset of dust formation (in V1280 Sco) leading to estimation of the bolometric luminosity, white dwarf mass, and object distance. For KT Eri, Liverpool Telescope SkyCamT data confirm important features of the SMEI light curve and overall our results add weight to the proposed similarities of this object to recurrent rather than to CNe. In RS Oph, comparison with hard X-ray data from the 2006 outburst implies that the onset of the outburst coincides with extensive high-velocity mass loss. It is also noted that two of the four novae we have detected (V598 Pup and KT Eri) were only discovered by ground-based observers weeks or months after maximum light, yet these novae reached peak magnitudes of 3.46 and 5.42, respectively. This emphasizes the fact that many bright novae per year are still overlooked, particularly those of the very fast speed class. Coupled with its ability to observe novae in detail even when relatively close to the Sun in the sky, we estimate that as many as five novae per year may be detectable by SMEI.

Abstract The Gasoline Direct Injection engines are an important source of ultra-fine particulate matter. Significant research effort is still required as improved understanding of soot formation is critical in considering further development or adoption of new technologies. Experimental measurements of engine-out soot emissions have been taken from a modern Euro IV GDI engine at part-load operating conditions. The engine speed and torque were varied in the range 16003700 rev/min, and 30120 Nm, respectively. The engine was invariably operated in stoichiometric and homogeneous combustion mode, with fuel injection early in the intake stroke. The results indicate that for engine load in excess of 3 bar Brake Mean Effective Pressure, due to incomplete gas-phase mixture preparation, a consistent linear correlation establishes between combustion duration and soot particle number. On average, a sixfold increase in number concentration between 1.0 and 6.0 × 106 particle per cc, arises from shortening the rapid duration of 4 crank angle degrees. For engine speed in excess of 3000 rev/min and load in excess of 7 bar BMEP, this correlation appears to be superseded by the effects of spray-to-piston impingement and consequent pool-fire. Three main areas of concern have been identified within the part-load running envelope: (1) the higher load-lower speed range and (2) the mid load-mid speed range, where high nucleation rates induce copious increases of engine-out soot mass; (3) the upper part-load range where, most likely as a result of spray impingement, high levels of soot concentration (up to 10 million particles per cc) are emitted with very small size (2340 nm).

The throughput and resolving power of an X-ray spectrometer that uses a curved crystal as the diffraction element is determined primarily by the crystal X-ray reflectivity properties. This poster presents a measurement technique for these crystal parameters using a simple diode source to produce a narrow spectral band. The results from measurements on concave elliptical polyethylene terephthalate (PET) crystals and convex potassium acid phthalate (KAP) crystals show large variations in the key parameters compared to those from the flat crystal.

HOW MUCH INFLUENCE DOES CONSTRUCTION HAVE ON CURVED STEEL BRIDGES? RESULTS FROM EXPERIMENTAL UNIVERSITY IBC-00-58 Keywords: curved, steel, girder, bridge, construction, erection, fabrication, testing and analytical research program to study curved steel bridge behavior. The program centered on testing a series

COMPUTER GENERATION OF TYPE CURVES A REPORT SUBMITIED TO THE DEPARTMENTOF PETROLEUMENGINEERING data. This paper presents some previously published type curves and the computer programs that were between two parallel sealing faults. The governing equations for these curves are derived. The computer

......Patterns and coincidences in the light curves of active galaxies Roberto...coincident patterns in the optical light curves of NGC 4151 and 5548...are due to a Poissonian (,Christmas-tree') type of process...Patterns in the light curves ofactive galaxies 325......

Let X be a smooth projective surface and choose a curve C on X. Let VC be the set of all irreducible divisors on X linearly equivalent to C whose normalization is a rational curve. The Severi problem for rational curves ...

Oil production models with normal rate curves Dudley Stark School of Mathematical Sciences Queen;Abstract The normal curve has been used to fit the rate of both world and U.S.A. oil production. In this paper we give the first theoretical basis for these curve fittings. It is well known that oil field

This is a status report about the ongoing work on the realization of quantum field theory on curved graphene spacetimes that uses Weyl symmetry. The programme is actively pursued from many different perspectives. Here we point to what has been done, and to what needs to be done.

This is a status report about the ongoing work on the realization of quantum field theory on curved graphene spacetimes that uses Weyl symmetry. The programme is actively pursued from many different perspectives. Here we point to what has been done, and to what needs to be done.

The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory (DIRS) at the Rochester Institute of Technology, along with the Savannah River National Laboratory is investigating passive methods to quantify vehicle loading. The research described in this paper investigates multiple vehicle indicators including brake temperature, tire temperature, engine temperature, acceleration and deceleration rates, engine acoustics, suspension response, tire deformation and vibrational response. Our investigation into these variables includes building and implementing a sensing system for data collection as well as multiple full-scale vehicle tests. The sensing system includes; infrared video cameras, triaxial accelerometers, microphones, video cameras and thermocouples. The full scale testing includes both a medium size dump truck and a tractor-trailer truck on closed courses with loads spanning the full range of the vehicle's capacity. Statistical analysis of the collected data is used to determine the effectiveness of each of the indicators for characterizing the weight of a vehicle. The final sensing system will monitor multiple load indicators and combine the results to achieve a more accurate measurement than any of the indicators could provide alone.

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CP-6A2-47458 CP-6A2-47458 February 2010 Updated U.S. Geothermal Supply Curve Chad Augustine and Katherine R. Young National Renewable Energy Laboratory Arlene Anderson U.S. Department of Energy Presented at Stanford Geothermal Workshop Stanford, California February 1, 2010 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (ASE), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308. Accordingly, the US Government and ASE retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government.

Recently, there has been much interest in the evolution of quantum particles on closed timelike curves (CTCs). However, such models typically assume pointlike particles with only two degrees of freedom; a very questionable assumption given the relativistic setting of the problem. We show that it is possible to generalize the Deutsch model of CTCs to fields using the equivalent circuit formalism. We give examples for coherent, squeezed, and single-photon states interacting with the CTC via a beamsplitter. The model is then generalized further to account for the smooth transition to normal quantum mechanics as the CTC becomes much smaller than the size of the modes interacting on it. In this limit, we find that the system behaves like a standard quantum-mechanical feedback loop.

A large class of explicit hyperbolic monopole solutions can be obtained from JNR instanton data, if the curvature of hyperbolic space is suitably tuned. Here we provide explicit formulae for both the monopole spectral curve and its rational map in terms of JNR data. Examples with platonic symmetry are presented, together with some one-parameter families with cyclic and dihedral symmetries. These families include hyperbolic analogues of geodesics that describe symmetric monopole scatterings in Euclidean space and we illustrate the results with energy density isosurfaces. There is a metric on the moduli space of hyperbolic monopoles, defined using the abelian connection on the boundary of hyperbolic space, and we provide a simple integral formula for this metric on the space of JNR data.

A macronova (kilonova) was discovered with short gamma-ray burst, GRB 130603B, which is widely believed to be powered by the radioactivity of $r$-process elements synthesized in the ejecta of a neutron star binary merger. As an alternative, we propose that macronovae are energized by the central engine, i.e., a black hole or neutron star, and the injected energy is emitted after the adiabatic expansion of ejecta. This engine model is motivated by extended emission of short GRBs. In order to compare the theoretical models with observations, we analytically formulate the light curves of macronovae. The engine model allows a wider parameter range, especially smaller ejecta mass, and better fit to observations than the $r$-process model. Future observations of electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves should distinguish energy sources and constrain the activity of central engine and $r$-process nucleosynthesis.

An attempt is made to present an automated analysis of laterally loaded piles using subgrade reaction theory and the P-delta curves governing the soil properties. The finite difference method is applied in establishing the governing equations. The pile response is obtained using the boundary conditions improved by Newtonian method. Results obtained are forces, moments, deflections and soil reactions for various depths of strata in which such piles exist. Based on these results future recommendations are made.

Load-relaxation tests were performed on Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4 sheets with varied textures and microstructures. The experimental data in the form of logarithmic stress vs logarithmic strain-rate curves showed characteristics which can be used to identify the deformation mechanisms involved. The low flow stress and absence of grain-boundary sliding found in the 0/sup 0/ texture Zircaloy-4 make it potentially useful as a material for fuel-element cladding. 12 figures.

), the load of a machine i in schedule s and Load(s), the load of entire schedule s as follows: load(s; i) = 1OnÂ­line Load Balancing for Related Machines 1 Piotr Berman The Pennsylvania State University of randomized algorithms for this problem. Key Words: onÂ­line algorithm, load balancing, related machines

The behavior of CatmullRom curves heavily depends on the choice of parameter values at the control points. We analyze a class of parameterizations ranging from uniform to chordal parameterization and show that, within this class, curves with centripetal parameterization contain properties that no other curves in this family possess. Researchers have previously indicated that centripetal parameterization produces visually favorable curves compared to uniform and chordal parameterizations. However, the mathematical reasons behind this behavior have been ambiguous. In this paper we prove that, for cubic CatmullRom curves, centripetal parameterization is the only parameterization in this family that guarantees that the curves do not form cusps or self-intersections within curve segments. Furthermore, we provide a formulation that bounds the distance of the curve to the control polygon and explain how globally intersection-free CatmullRom curves can be generated using these properties. Finally, we discuss two example applications of CatmullRom curves and show how the choice of parameterization makes a significant difference in each of these applications.

Wind energy is becoming a larger portion of the global energy portfolio and wind penetration has increased dramatically in certain regions of the world. This increasing wind penetration has driven the need for wind turbines to provide active power control (APC) services to the local utility grid, as wind turbines do not intrinsically provide frequency regulation services that are common with traditional generators. It is common for large scale wind turbines to be decoupled from the utility grid via power electronics, which allows the turbine to synthesize APC commands via control of the generator torque and blade pitch commands. Consequently, the APC services provided by a wind turbine can be more flexible than those provided by conventional generators. This paper focuses on the development and implementation of both static and dynamic droop curves to measure grid frequency and output delta power reference signals to a novel power set point tracking control system. The combined droop curve and power tracking controller is simulated and comparisons are made between simulations using various droop curve parameters and stochastic wind conditions. The tradeoffs involved with aggressive response to frequency events are analyzed. At the turbine level, simulations are performed to analyze induced structural loads. At the grid level, simulations test a wind plant's response to a dip in grid frequency.

This report documents the results of Task 6 in the Customer System Efficiency Improvement (CSEI) Assessment Project. A principal objective of this project is to assess the potential for energy conservation in the transmission and distribution (TandD) systems of electric utilities in the BPA service area. The scope of this assessment covers BPA customers in the Pacific Northwest region and all non-federal TandD systems, including those that currently place no load on the BPA system. Supply curves were developed to describe the conservation resource potentially available from TandD-system efficiency improvements. These supply curves relate the levelized cost of upgrading existing equipment to the estimated amount of energy saved. Stated in this form, the resource represented by TandD loss reductions can be compared with other conservation options and regional electrical generation resources to determine the most cost-effective method of supplying power to the Pacific Northwest. The development of the supply curves required data acquisition and methodology development that are also described in this report. 11 refs., 11 figs., 16 tabs.

Broad band power density spectra offer a window to understanding turbulent behavior in the emission mechanism and, at the highest frequencies, in the putative inner engines powering long GRBs. We describe a chirp search method which steps aside Fourier analysis for signal detection in the Poisson noise-dominated 2 kHz sampled BeppoSAX light curves. An efficient numerical implementation is described in $O(Nn\\log n)$ operations, where $N$ is the number of chirp templates and $n$ is the length of the light curve time series, suited for embarrassingly parallel processing. For detection of individual chirps of duration $\\tau=1$ s, the method is one order of magnitude more sensitive in SNR than Fourier analysis. The Fourier-chirp spectra of GRB 010408 and GRB 970816 show a continuation of the spectral slope up to 1 kHz of turbulence identified in low frequency Fourier analysis. The same continuation is observed in an ensemble averaged spectrum of 40 bright long GRBs. An outlook on a similar analysis of upcoming gra...

In 1986 LCRA embarked on residential load management to control peak summer loads. At that time, LCRA was considered a summer peaking utility, and residential air conditioning and water heating systems were selected for control. The program...

The 1994 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study presented herein establishes a picture of how the agency is positioned today in its loads and resources balance. It is a snapshot of expected resource operation, contractual obligations, and rights. This study does not attempt to present or analyze future conservation or generation resource scenarios. What it does provide are base case assumptions from which scenarios encompassing a wide range of uncertainties about BPA`s future may be evaluated. The Loads and Resources Study is presented in two documents: (1) this summary of Federal system and Pacific Northwest region loads and resources and (2) a technical appendix detailing the loads and resources for each major Pacific Northwest generating utility. This analysis updates the 1993 Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, published in December 1993. In this loads and resources study, resource availability is compared with a range of forecasted electricity consumption. The Federal system and regional analyses for medium load forecast are presented.

Loading of the replicative DNA helicase at origins of replication is of central importance in DNA replication. As the first of the replication fork proteins assemble at chromosomal origins of replication, the loaded helicase ...

ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY FOR INDUSTRIAL LOAD PROFILES Thomas W. Reddoch Executive Vice President Eleclrolek Concepts, Inc. Knoxvillc, Tennessee ABSTRACT A methodology is provided for evaluating the impact of various demand-side management... (OSM) options on industrial customers. The basic approach uses customer metered load profile data as a basis for the customer load shape. OSM technologies are represented as load shapes and are used as a basis for altering the customers existing...

A NOVEL APPROACH TO DETERMINING MOTOR LOAD by Michael Brown Georgia Tech Research Institute Atlanta, Georgia ABSTRACf Properly sized electric motors are essential if industrial plant efficiency is to be optimized and energy costs... minimized. Because of the difficully in making power measurements on three phase motors, loading is rarely, if ever, checked. A simple indication of motor load can be achieved by measuring operating speed because speed and load are almost linearly...

Summary This chapter discusses the Data Load stage of the Guerrilla Analytics workflow. Data Load involves getting data from a receipt location (generally the file system) and loading it into the Data Manipulation Environment (DME). In this chapter, you will learn about the various activities that take place at Data Load. You will learn about the pitfalls and risks in these activities. You will then learn a number of practice tips to mitigate those risks.

OG 2.3.07 Search for Short Duration Bursts of TeV Gamma Rays with the Milagrito Telescope Gus for short duration bursts of TeV photons. Such bursts may result from "traditional" gamma-ray bursts to gamma-ray bursts, the final stages of black hole evaporation) the most compelling reason may

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18th AIAA Aerospace Ground Testing Conference #12;94-2491 Survey of Short Duration, Hypersonic 76019-0018 Hypersonic and hypervelocity testing relies to a large extent on short duration facilities activity con- fined mostly to hypersonic and hypervelocity regimes. Early development of such facilities

This thesis is a study of D-branes in string compactifications. In this context, D-branes are relevant as an important component of the nonperturbative spectrum, as an incisive probe of these backgrounds, and as a natural stringy tool for localizing gauge interactions. In the first part of the thesis, we discuss half-BPS D-branes in compactifications of type II string theory on Calabi-Yau threefolds. The results we describe for these objects are pertinent both in their role as stringy brane-worlds, and in their role as solitonic objects. In particular, we determine couplings of these branes to the moduli determining the closed-string geometry, both perturbatively and non-perturbatively in the worldsheet expansion. We provide a local model for transitions in moduli space where the BPS spectrum jumps, and discuss the extension of mirror symmetry between Calabi-Yau manifolds to the case when D-branes are present. The next section is an interlude which provides some applications of D-branes to other curved backgrounds of string theory. In particular, we discuss a surprising phenomenon in which fundamental strings moving through background Ramond-Ramond fields dissolve into large spherical D3-branes. This mechanism is used to explain a previously-mysterious fact discovered via the AdS-CFT correspondence. Next, we make a connection between type IIA string vacua of the type discussed in the first section and M-theory compactifications on manifolds of G{sub 2} holonomy. Finally we discuss constructions of string vacua which do not have large radius limits. In the final part of the thesis, we develop techniques for studying the worldsheets of open strings ending on the curved D-branes studied in the first section. More precisely, we formulate a large class of massive two-dimensional gauge theories coupled to boundary matter, which flow in the infrared to the relevant boundary conformal field theories. Along with many other applications, these techniques are used to describe world-volume theories of point-like D-probes of various Calabi-Yau threefolds.

The enclosed tests demonstrate that an effective pitch can be attributed to acoustic signals shorter then tenths of milliseconds. A power-law dependence of this pitch on the signal's duration time is found for subjects tested with Gaussian pulses. The discrimination threshold for the pulse duration time reported on the basis of the effective pitch increases proportionally to the duration time itself, i.e. it follows the Weber-Fechner law. A model based on the "Helmholtz's harp" idea, i.e. a series of damped resonators tuned in the audible range of frequencies, reveals the mechanism of producing a maximum in the filtered spectrum of the pulse. This corroborates the power law in the dependence of the position of the maximum on the duration time of the pulse. The model indicates a possibility of designing a manmade device dedicated to determination of the durations so short that they are inaccessible by direct measurements.

A preliminary numerical study on the aerodynamics of a kite wing for high altitude wind power generators is proposed. Tethered kites are a key element of an innovative wind energy technology, which aims to capture energy from the wind at higher altitudes than conventional wind towers. We present the results obtained from three-dimensional finite volume numerical simulations of the steady air flow past a three-dimensional curved rectangular kite wing (aspect ratio equal to 3.2, Reynolds number equal to 3x10^6). Two angles of incidence -- a standard incidence for the flight of a tethered airfoil (6{\\deg}) and an incidence close to the stall (18{\\deg}) -- were considered. The simulations were performed by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes flow model using the industrial STAR-CCM+ code. The overall aerodynamic characteristics of the kite wing were determined and compared to the aerodynamic characteristics of the flat rectangular non twisted wing with an identical aspect ratio and section (Clark Y profil...

The relative shock sensitivities of explosive compositions are commonly assessed using a family of experiments that can be described by the generic term ''Gap Test.'' Gap tests include a donor charge, a test sample, and a spacer, or gap, between two explosives charges. The donor charge, gap material, and test dimensions are held constant within each different version of the gap test. The thickness of the gap is then varied to find the value at which 50% of the test samples will detonate. The gap tests measure the ease with a high-order detonation can be established in the test explosive, or the ''detonability,'' of the explosive. Test results are best reported in terms of the gap thickness at the 50% point. It is also useful to define the shock pressure transmitted into the test sample at the detonation threshold. This requires calibrating the gap test in terms of shock pressure in the gap as a function of the gap thickness. It also requires a knowledge of the shock Hugoniot of the sample explosive. We used the 2DE reactive hydrodynamic code with Forest Fire burn rates for the donor explosives to calculate calibration curves for several gap tests. The model calculations give pressure and particle velocity on the centerline of the experimental set-up and provide information about the curvature and pulse width of the shock wave. 10 refs., 1 fig.

The observed positive cosmological constant $\\Lambda$ and Hubble constant $H_0$ introduce a background of de Sitter gravitons of mass $m_0=\\sqrt{\\Lambda}\\hbar/c$ at a non-relativistic temperature $k_BT_{dS}=a_{H}\\hbar/\\pi c$, $a_H=H_0c$, where $\\hbar$ denotes the Planck constant and $c$ the velocity of light. In this cosmology, gravitational interactions are parameterized by the inverse temperature $\\beta=T_{dS}/T$ of the vacuum. The high and low $\\beta$ limits produce an acceleration $a\\simeq\\sqrt{a_Na_0}$, $a_0=2a_{H}/(1+\\beta_{dS})\\simeq 1.37\\times 10^{-8}$ cm s$^{-2}$, observed in observed galaxy rotation curves and, respectively, Newton's law. Gravitation may be anomalously weak in a transition about $2.17\\, {M_{11}^{1/2}} \\, \\mbox{kpc}$ around a galaxy of $M=M_{11}10^{11}M_\\odot$.

An effective action of ghost condensate with higher derivatives creates a source of gravity and mimics a dark matter in spiral galaxies. We present a spherically symmetric static solution of Einstein--Hilbert equations with the ghost condensate at large distances, where flat rotation curves are reproduced in leading order over small ratio of two energy scales characterizing constant temporal and spatial derivatives of ghost field: $\\mu_*^2$ and $\\mu_\\star^2$, respectively, with a hierarchy $\\mu_\\star\\ll \\mu_*$. We assume that a mechanism of hierarchy is provided by a global monopole in the center of galaxy. An estimate based on the solution and observed velocities of rotations in the asymptotic region of flatness, gives $\\mu_*\\sim 10^{19}$ GeV and the monopole scale in a GUT range $\\mu_\\star\\sim 10^{16}$ GeV, while a velocity of rotation $v_0$ is determined by the ratio: $ \\sqrt{2} v_0^2= \\mu_\\star^2/\\mu_*^2$. A critical acceleration is introduced and naturally evaluated of the order of Hubble rate, that represents the Milgrom's acceleration.

A load for traveling microwave energy has an absorptive volume defined by cylindrical body enclosed by a first end cap and a second end cap. The first end cap has an aperture for the passage of an input waveguide with a rotating part that is coupled to a reflective mirror. The inner surfaces of the absorptive volume consist of a resistive material or are coated with a coating which absorbs a fraction of incident RF energy, and the remainder of the RF energy reflects. The angle of the reflector and end caps is selected such that reflected RF energy dissipates an increasing percentage of the remaining RF energy at each reflection, and the reflected RF energy which returns to the rotating mirror is directed to the back surface of the rotating reflector, and is not coupled to the input waveguide. Additionally, the reflector may have a surface which generates a more uniform power distribution function axially and laterally, to increase the power handling capability of the RF load. The input waveguide may be corrugated for HE11 mode input energy.

This document contains the design specifications of the APS high heat load (HHL) monochromator and associated accessories as of February 1993. It should be noted that work is continuing on many parts of the monochromator including the mechanical design, crystal cooling designs, etc. Where appropriate, we have tried to add supporting documentation, references to published papers, and calculations from which we based our decisions. The underlying philosophy behind performance specifications of this monochromator was to fabricate a device that would be useful to as many APS users as possible, that is, the design should be as generic as possible. In other words, we believe that this design will be capable of operating on both bending magnet and ID beamlines (with the appropriate changes to the cooling and crystals) with both flat and inclined crystal geometries and with a variety of coolants. It was strongly felt that this monochromator should have good energy scanning capabilities over the classical energy range of about 4 to 20 keywith Si (111) crystals. For this reason, a design incorporating one rotation stage to drive both the first and second crystals was considered most promising. Separate rotary stages for the first and second crystals can sometimes provide more flexibility in their capacities to carry heavy loads (for heavily cooled first crystals or sagittal benders of second crystals), but their tuning capabilities were considered inferior to the single axis approach.

A method identifies electric load types of a plurality of different electric loads. The method includes providing a load feature database of a plurality of different electric load types, each of the different electric load types including a first load feature vector having at least four different load features; sensing a voltage signal and a current signal for each of the different electric loads; determining a second load feature vector comprising at least four different load features from the sensed voltage signal and the sensed current signal for a corresponding one of the different electric loads; and identifying by a processor one of the different electric load types by determining a minimum distance of the second load feature vector to the first load feature vector of the different electric load types of the load feature database.

The Loads and Resources Study is presented in three documents: (1) this summary of Federal system and Pacific Northwest region loads and resources; (2) a technical appendix detailing forecasted Pacific Northwest economic trends and loads, and (3) a technical appendix detailing the loads and resources for each major Pacific Northwest generating utility. In this loads and resources study, resource availability is compared with a range of forecasted electricity consumption. The forecasted future electricity demands -- firm loads -- are subtracted from the projected capability of existing and {open_quotes}contracted for{close_quotes} resources to determine whether Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the region will be surplus or deficit. If resources are greater than loads in any particular year or month, there is a surplus of energy and/or capacity, which BPA can sell to increase revenues. Conversely, if firm loads exceed available resources, there is a deficit of energy and/or capacity, and additional conservation, contract purchases, or generating resources will be needed to meet load growth. The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study analyzes the Pacific Northwest`s projected loads and available generating resources in two parts: (1) the loads and resources of the Federal system, for which BPA is the marketing agency; and (2) the larger Pacific Northwest regional power system, which includes loads and resource in addition to the Federal system. The loads and resources analysis in this study simulates the operation of the power system under the Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement (PNCA) produced by the Pacific Northwest Coordinating Group. This study presents the Federal system and regional analyses for five load forecasts: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, and low. This analysis projects the yearly average energy consumption and resource availability for Operating Years (OY) 1994--95 through 2003--04.

A repairable high-payload six-axis load sensor includes a table, a base, and at least three shear-pin load transducers removably mounted between the table and the base. Removable mounting permits easy replacement of damaged shear pins. Preferably, the shear-pin load transducers are responsive to shear forces imparted along the two axes perpendicular to an axis of minimum sensitivity characteristic of the transducer. Responsive to an applied shear force, each shear-pin load transducer can produce an electrical signal proportional to the reaction force. The load sensor can further include a structure for receiving the proportional electrical signals and computing the applied load corresponding to the proportional electrical signals. The computed load can be expressed in terms of a three-dimensional XYZ Cartesian coordinate system.

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The growth rate of matter perturbation and the expansion rate of the Universe can be used to distinguish modified gravity and dark energy models in explaining cosmic acceleration. We explore here the inclusion of spatial curvature into the growth factor. We expand previous results using the approximation {omega}{sub m}{sup {gamma}} and then suggest a new form, f{sub a}={omega}{sub m}{sup {gamma}}+({gamma}-4/7){omega}{sub k}, as an approximation for the growth factor when the curvature {omega}{sub k} is not negligible, and where the growth index {gamma} is usually model dependent. The expression recovers the standard results for the curved and flat {lambda}CDM and Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati models. Using the best fit values of {omega}{sub m0} and {omega}{sub k0} to the expansion/distance measurements from Type Ia SNe, baryon acoustic oscillation, WMAP5, and H(z) data, we fit the growth index parameter to current growth factor data and obtain {gamma}{sub {lambda}}({omega}{sub k}{ne}0)=0.65{sub -0.15}{sup +0.17} and {gamma}{sub DGP}({omega}{sub k}{ne}0)=0.53{sub -0.12}{sup +0.14}. For the {lambda}CDM model, the 1-{sigma} observational bounds are found consistent with theoretical value, unlike the case for the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model. We also find that the current data we used is not enough to put significant constraints when the 3 parameters in f{sub a} are fit simultaneously. Importantly, we find that, in the presence of curvature, the analytical expression proposed for f{sub a} provides a better fit to the growth factor than other forms and should be useful for future high precision missions and studies.

A high voltage resistor comprising an array of a plurality of parallel electrically connected resistor elements each containing a resistive solution, attached at each end thereof to an end plate, and about the circumference of each of the end plates, a corona reduction ring. Each of the resistor elements comprises an insulating tube having an electrode inserted into each end thereof and held in position by one or more hose clamps about the outer periphery of the insulating tube. According to a preferred embodiment, the electrode is fabricated from stainless steel and has a mushroom shape at one end, that inserted into the tube, and a flat end for engagement with the end plates that provides connection of the resistor array and with a load.

We present new candidates for quantum-resistant public-key cryptosystems based on the conjectured difficulty of finding isogenies between supersingular elliptic curves. The main technical idea in our scheme is that we transmit the images of torsion bases ... Keywords: elliptic curves, isogenies, quantum-resistant public-key cryptosystems

], and Kondo and Tanaka [14] have examined the global properties of the total curvature of a curveNON-CLOSED CURVES IN Rn WITH FINITE TOTAL FIRST CURVATURE ARISING FROM THE SOLUTIONS OF AN ODE P finite total first curvature. If all the roots of the associated characteristic polynomial are simple, we

Generic measures for geodesic flows on nonpositively curved manifolds Yves Coud`ene, Barbara the generic invariant probability measures for the geodesic flow on connected complete nonpositively curved subset of the set of all probability measures invariant by the geodesic flow. The proof of K. Sigmund

A fast algorithm for generating a polyline approximation (flattening) for the offset curves of a cubic Bézier curve segment is described. It is shown to be more efficient than the standard recursive subdivision method by generating only 70% as many segments, ...

Optimizing rotational acceleration curves for minimum energy use in electric motors. 12/15/06 Fall the optimal efficiency of a motor for any input values of motor constants, distance, or time. In every of the inspiration to find which rotational acceleration curve for the used motors would be most efficient. We really

Relative permeability to gas and water for 2-phase flow coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs has long been known to exhibit a strong control on (gas and water) production profile characteristics. Despite its important control on both primary and enhanced recovery of CBM for coal seams that have not been fully dewatered, relative permeability in coal has received little attention in the literature in the past decade. There are few published laboratory-derived curves; these studies and their resulting data represent a small subset of the commercial CBM reservoirs and do not allow for a systematic investigation of the physical controls on relative permeability curve shape. Other methods for estimation of relative permeability curves include derivation from simulation history-matching, and production data analysis. Both of these methods will yield pseudo-relative permeability curves whose shapes could be affected by several dynamic CBM reservoir and operating characteristics. The purpose of the current work is to perform a systematic investigation of the controls on CBM relative permeability curve shape, including non-static fracture permeability and porosity, multi-layer effects and transient flow. To derive the relative permeability curves, effective permeability to gas and water are obtained from flow equations, flow rates and pressure data. Simulated cases are analyzed so that derived and input curves may be compared allowing for investigation of CBM reservoir properties on curve shape. One set of relative permeability curves that were input into the simulator were obtained from pore-scale modeling. Field cases from two basins are also examined and controls on derived relative permeability curve shape inferred. The results of this work should be useful for future CBM development and greenhouse gas sequestration studies, and it is hoped that it will spark additional research of this critical CBM flow property.

Using long-duration observations in the He II 304 Angstrom passband of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) we investigate the spatial and temporal appearance of impulsive intensity fluctuations in the pixel light curves. These passband intensity fluctuations come from plasma emitting in the chromosphere, transition region and lowest portions of the corona. We see that they are spatially tied to the supergranular scale and that their rate of occurrence is tied to the unsigned imbalance of the magnetic field in which they are observed. The signature of the fluctuations (in space and time) is consistent with their creation by magnetoconvection forced reconnection that is driven by the flow field in the high-beta plasma. The signature of the intensity fluctuations around an active region suggest that the bulk of the mass and energy supplied into the active region complex observed in the hotter coronal plasma is supplied by this process, dynamically forcing the looped structure from beneath.

The effect of progressive acute renal failure on the DNA synthetic phase duration of ileal epithelium was assessed...3-thymidine approximately 18 hours after urinary outflow obstruction in mice. Controls were sub...

The nuclear cycle among several diverse genetic stocks of Zea mays root meristem cells was compared and it was found that there were no significant differences among the nuclear cycle durations and its component ...

We studied the influence of soil compaction by heavy machinery (two-wheeled trailer with 0.2 MPa pressure) on spruce roots at two sites in the Moravian Highlands with different soil properties to determine whether soil compaction by loading affects root water uptake. We also analysed the effects of the soil type and water-holding capacity with regards to root structure development. Site Jedovnice has a loamy to sandyloamy soil texture with a shallow groundwater table at approximately 1 m in depth. The roots are mostly distributed in deeper layers. Site Mravenit? has shallow, sandyloamy soil overlying a granodiorite. This site has no access to groundwater and a higher proportion of shallow roots. To evaluate the effect of soil compaction, we installed heat-field-deformation sap flow sensors in the superficial roots and stem bases of trees close to machinery trails. Our results showed that loading mainly affected soils with a high proportion of shallow roots (33% of shallow roots at site Mravenit?; 22% at site Jedovnice). The number of roots treated by loading, verified after root opening with an air spade, depended on root positioning in soil. Acropetal sap flow occurred in roots in soil layers with sufficient available soil water. Some of the sampled trees exhibited decreased daytime sap flow after loading. In the shallower site Mravenit? the root responses to loading were also accompanied by water redistribution among the roots and between the roots and soil. Basipetal (reverse) flow was recorded in roots in dryer soil layers. Soil compaction due to loading substantially increased the magnitude and duration of redistributed flow between soil layers with different water contents. Determining the soil type and soil water content is recommended before choosing the machinery type for a given forest because the predicted tree root structure can be used to assess possible damage due to loading.

Pressure drawdown due to production from a reservoir causes compaction of the reservoir formation which induces axial and radial loads on the wellbore. Reservoir compaction loads increase during the production life of a well, and are greater for deviated wells. Presented here are casing and liner loads at initial and final pressure drawdowns for a particular reservoir and at well deviation angles of 0 to 45 degrees.

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This study establishes the Bonneville Power Administration's (BPA) planning basis for supplying electricity to BPA customers. The Loads and Resources Study is presented in three documents: (1) this summary of federal system and Pacific Northwest region loads and resources; (2) a technical appendix detailing forecasted Pacific Northwest economic trends and loads, and (3) a technical appendix detailing the loads and resources for each major Pacific Northwest generating utility. This analysis updates our 1990 study. BPS's long-range planning incorporates resource availability with a range of forecasted electrical consumption. The forecasted future electrical demands-firm loads--are subtracted from the projected capability of existing resources to determine whether BPA and the region will be surplus or deficit. If resources are greater than loads in any particular year or month, there is a surplus of energy and/or capacity, which BPA can sell to increase revenues. Conversely, if firm loads exceed available resources, there is a deficit of energy and/or capacity, then additional conservation, contract purchases, or generating resources will be needed to meet load growth. This study analyzes the Pacific Northwest's projected loads and available generating resources in two parts: (1) the loads and resources of the federal system, for which BPA is the marketing agency; and (2) the larger Pacific Northwest regional profile, which includes loads and resources in addition to the federal system. This study presents the federal system and regional analyses for five load forecasts: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, and low. This analysis projects the yearly average energy consumption and resource availability for 1992- 2012.

The electric organ discharge (EOD) of wave-type weakly electric fish is ... organ pulses. Measurements of pulse duration and EOD frequency were made in the speciesSternopygus andEigenmannia.... Pulse duration is ...

Isochronous stress-strain curves for Alloy 617 up to a temperature of 1000°C will be required to qualify the material for elevated temperature design in Section III, Division 1, Subsection NH of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Several potential methods for developing these curves are reviewed in this report. It is shown that in general power-law creep is the rate controlling deformation mechanism for a wide range of alloy heats, test temperatures and stresses. Measurement of the strain rate sensitivity of Alloy 617 indicates that the material is highly strain rate sensitive in the tensile deformation range above about 750°C. This suggests that the concept of a hot tensile curve as a bounding case on the isochronous stress-strain diagrams is problematic. The impact of strain rate on the hot tensile curves is examined and it is concluded that incorporating such a curve is only meaningful if a single tensile strain rate (typically the ASTM standard rate of 0.5%/min) is arbitrarily defined. Current experimentally determined creep data are compared to isochronous stress-strain curves proposed previously by the German programs in the 1980s and by the 1990 draft ASME Code Case. Variability in how well the experimental data are represented by the proposed design curves that suggests further analysis is necessary prior to completing a new draft Code Case.

The planning, design and implementation of load management is complex and expensive. The results of a load management program are subject to numerous uncertainties related to load characteristics, power cost savings, load management costs...

Abstract Demand fluctuation in electric power systems is undesirable from many points of view; this has sparked an interest in demand-side strategies that try to establish mechanisms that allow for a flatter demand curve. Particularly interesting is load shifting, a strategy that considers the shifting of certain amounts of energy demand from some time periods to other time periods with lower expected demand, typically in response to price signals. In this paper, an optimization-based model is proposed to perform load shifting in the context of smart grids. In our model, we define agents that are responsible for load, generation and storage management; in particular, some of them are electric vehicle aggregators. An important feature of the proposed approach is the inclusion of electric vehicles with vehicle-to-grid capabilities; with this possibility, electric vehicles can provide certain services to the power grid, including load shifting and congestion management. Results are reported for a test system based on the IEEE 37-bus distribution grid; the effectiveness of the approach and the effect of the hourly energy prices on flattening the loadcurve are shown.

The parameterization of physical processes in atmospheric general circulation models contributes to load imbalances among individual processors of message-passing distributed-multiprocessor systems. Load imbalances increase the overall time to ...

We present the rotation curves of 967 spiral galaxies, obtained by deprojecting and folding the raw data published by Mathewson et al. (1992). Of these, 80 meet objective excellence criteria and are suitable for individual detailed mass modelling, while 820 are suitable for statistical studies. A preliminary analysis of theire properties confirms that rotation curves are a universal function of luminosity and that the dark matter fraction in spirals increase with decreasing luminosity. Quantitative considerations on the virial radius of dark halos allow us to make hypotheses about their structure and nature. The deprojected folded curves, the smoothed curves, and various related quantities are available via anonymous ftp at ftp://galileo.sissa.it/users/ftp/pub/psrot

This study compares four recently developed decline curve methods and the traditional Arps or Fetkovich approach. The four methods which are empirically formulated for shale and tight gas wells are: 1. Power Law Exponential Decline (PLE). 2...

Let L 0 consider an initial Lorenz curve. In this paper we propose a general methodology for obtaining new classes of parametric Lorenz or Leimkuhler curves that contain the original curve as limiting or special case. The new classes introduce additional parameters in the original family, providing more flexibility for the new families. The new classes are built from an ordered sequence of power Lorenz curves, assuming that the powers are distributed according to some convenient discrete random variable. Using this method we obtain many of the families proposed in the literature, including the classical proposal of Bradford (1934), Kakwani and Podder (1973) and others. We obtain some inequality measures and population functions for the proposed families.

The Lorenz curve is a useful device to depict the characteristics of income and wealth distributions in terms of the degree of equality of the underlying distribution. In practice, income (or wealth) data by i...

Load Management has grown in acceptance over the past several decades as a reliable means to provide a demand-side resource of demand capacity. This paper first reviews the significant break-throughs of load management technology then sets the stage...

An electrical equivalent circuit is proposed for a thermionic electrogenerating element. It is suitable for calculation of transients in load-switching mode. Formulas are given for estimating circuit parameters. A sample numerical calculation is given for the transient between no-load and short-circuit regimes. The results may be employed to identify experimental data in the frequency domain.

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The 1997 White Book is presented in two documents: (1) this summary of Federal system and Pacific Northwest region loads and resources; and (2) a technical appendix detailing the loads and resources for each major Pacific Northwest generating utility. Data detailing Pacific Northwest non-utility generating (NUG) resources is also available upon request. This analysis updates the 1996 pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study, published in December 1996. In this loads and resources study, resource availability is compared with a medium forecast of electricity consumption. This document analyzes the Pacific Northwest`s projected loads and available generating resources in two parts: (1) the loads and resources of the Federal system, for which BPA is the marketing agency; and (2) the larger Pacific Northwest regional power system which includes loads and resources in addition to the Federal system. This study presents the Federal system and regional analyses for the medium load forecast. This analysis projects the yearly average energy consumption and resource availability for Operating Years (OY) 1998--99 through 2007--08.

EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC CONDITIONS AND SHEAVE EFFICIENCY ON HOOK LOAD, DERRICK LOAD, AND LINE TENSION A Thesis by GREGORY ROBERT LUKE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements... for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 1991 Major Subject: Petroleum Engineering EFFECTS OF DYNAMIC CONDITIONS AND SHEAVE EFFICIENCY ON HOOK LOAD, DERRICK LOAD, AND LINE TENSION A Thesis by GREGORY ROBERT LUKE Approved as to style and content by: Hans...

that the extension does not split over Z[ 1 23 ]. The group scheme J0(23)[2] even has irreducible featuresOn the modular curve X0(23) RenÂ´e Schoof Abstract. The Jacobian J0(23) of the modular curve X0(23) is a semi-stable abelian variety over Q with good reduction outside 23. It is simple. We prove that every

-thread "read" bit to every data cache line. When a load executes, it sets the bit corresponding to its threadAppears in Computer Architecture Letters, Volume 12 (2010) SMT-Directory: Efficient Load-Load, TSO, and PC enforce load-load ordering, requiring that loads from any single thread appear to occur

text styles text styles Combi Systems for Low Load Homes Center for Energy and Environment, NorthernSTAR, Ben Schoenbauer * Low load homes are more common than ever. * Typical space heating and DHW equipment have capacities larger than necessary * A single heating plant could provide high efficiency heat at lower costs, increased durability and improved combustion safety Context Technical Approach * A condensing water heater and hydronic air handler will used to provide space and water heating loads in almost 300 weatherized homes. * System specifications, sizing, and installation optimization guidelines were all developed. * Contractor capability was developed in MN market, but may not be developed in all local. 4 Recommended Guidance * Determine peak load on system: - Space heating design load (ie 40,000 Btu/hr)

We show that the load at each node in a preferential attachment network scales as a power of the degree of the node. For a network whose degree distribution is p(k)?k??, we show that the load is l(k)?k? with ?=??1, implying that the probability distribution for the load is p(l)?1/l2 independent of ?. The results are obtained through scaling arguments supported by finite size scaling studies. They contradict earlier claims, but are in agreement with the exact solution for the special case of tree graphs. Results are also presented for real communications networks at the IP layer, using the latest available data. Our analysis of the data shows relatively poor power-law degree distributions as compared to the scaling of the load versus degree. This emphasizes the importance of the load in network analysis.

...while including novel data that demonstrate...between perceptual load and the fundamental...effects of perceptual load on visual detection...response gain, the data from each participant...Konstantinou, N. 2014 Data from: blinded by the load: attention, awareness...

Large scale wind power production and its variability is one of the major inputs to wind integration studies. This paper analyses measured data from large scale wind power production. Comparisons of variability are made across several variables: time scale (10-60 minute ramp rates), number of wind farms, and simulated vs. modeled data. Ramp rates for Wind power production, Load (total system load) and Net load (load minus wind power production) demonstrate how wind power increases the net load variability. Wind power will also change the timing of daily ramps.

The importance of controlling humidity in buildings is cause for concern, in part, because of indoor air quality problems associated with excess moisture in air-conditioning systems. But more universally, the need for ventilation air has forced HVAC equipment (originally optimized for high efficiency in removing sensible heat loads) to remove high moisture loads. To assist cooling equipment and meet the challenge of larger ventilation loads, several technologies have succeeded in commercial buildings. Newer technologies such as subcool/reheat and heat pipe reheat show promise. These increase latent capacity of cooling-based systems by reducing their sensible capacity. Also, desiccant wheels have traditionally provided deeper-drying capacity by using thermal energy in place of electrical power to remove the latent load. Regardless of what mix of technologies is best for a particular application, there is a need for a more effective way of thinking about the cooling loads created by ventilation air. It is clear from the literature that all-too-frequently, HVAC systems do not perform well unless the ventilation air loads have been effectively addressed at the original design stage. This article proposes an engineering shorthand, an annual load index for ventilation air. This index will aid in the complex process of improving the ability of HVAC systems to deal efficiently with the amount of fresh air the industry has deemed useful for maintaining comfort in buildings. Examination of typical behavior of weather shows that latent loads usually exceed sensible loads in ventilation air by at least 3:1 and often as much as 8:1. A designer can use the engineering shorthand indexes presented to quickly assess the importance of this fact for a given system design. To size those components after they are selected, the designer can refer to Chapter 24 of the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook--Fundamentals, which includes separate values for peak moisture and peak temperature.

The synthesis of a polyoxometalate-loaded epoxy uses a one-step cure by applying an external stimulus to release the acid from the polyoxometalate and thereby catalyze the cure reaction of the epoxy resin. Such polyoxometalate-loaded epoxy composites afford the cured epoxy unique properties imparted by the intrinsic properties of the polyoxometalate. For example, polyoxometalate-loaded epoxy composites can be used as corrosion resistant epoxy coatings, for encapsulation of electronics with improved dielectric properties, and for structural applications with improved mechanical properties.

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) show a bimodal distribution of durations, separated at a duration of ~2 s. Observations have confirmed the association of long GRBs with the collapse of massive stars. The origin of short GRBs is still being explored. We examine constraints on the emission region size in short and long GRBs detected by Fermi/GBM. We find that the emission region size during the prompt emission, R, and the burst duration, T$_{90}$, are consistent with the relation R ~ c x T$_{90}$, for both long and short GRBs. We find the characteristic size for the prompt emission region to be ~2 x 10$^{10}$ cm, and ~4 x 10$^{11}$ cm for short and long GRBs, respectively.

In 2011, the U.S. Department of Energys Building Technology Office (DOEs BTO), with help from the Better Buildings Alliance (BBA) members, developed a specification for high performance rooftop air-conditioning units (RTU Challenge) with capacity ranges between 10 and 20 tons (DOE 2013). Daikins Rebel for the first rooftop unit system that was recognized by DOE in May 2012 as meeting the RTU Challenge specifications. This report documents the development of part-load performance curves and its use with EnergyPlus simulation tool to estimate the potential savings from use of Rebel compared to other standard options.

We discuss two main aspects of the GRB 000301C afterglow (Fynbo et al. 2000, Jensen et al. 2000); its short duration and its possible connection with a Damped Ly-alpha Absorber (DLA). GRB 000301C falls in the short class of bursts, though it is consistent with belonging to the proposed intermediate class or the extreme short end of the distribution of long-duration GRBs. Based on two VLT spectra we estimate the HI column density to be Log(N(HI))=21.2+/-0.5. This is the first direct indication of a connection between GRB host galaxies and Damped Ly-alpha Absorbers.

The article deals with the validation and verification methodology of the GSM network measurement system, as these systems performing call duration measurements fall within the scope of legal metrology. Because the number of calls in the GSM networks is very large, the test call sample size determination algorithm proposed in the paper. Correctly chosen sample size allows to take statistically significant decision about communication network call duration measurement system measurement error with chosen confidence level. The sample representativity issue is also discussed in the paper. The proposed methodology was tested experimentally.

A method and apparatus is disclosed for producing ultraviolet or x- ray laser pulses of short duration. An ultraviolet or x-ray laser pulse of long duration is progressively refracted, across the surface of an opaque barrier, by a streaming plasma that is produced by illuminating a solid target with a pulse of conventional line focused high power laser radiation. The short pulse of ultraviolet or x-ray laser radiation, which may be amplified to high power, is separated out by passage through a slit aperture in the opaque barrier.

A method and apparatus is disclosed for producing ultraviolet or X-ray laser pulses of short duration (32). An ultraviolet or X-ray laser pulse of long duration (12) is progressively refracted, across the surface of an opaque barrier (28), by a streaming plasma (22) that is produced by illuminating a solid target (16, 18) with a pulse of conventional line focused high power laser radiation (20). The short pulse of ultraviolet or X-ray laser radiation (32), which may be amplified to high power (40, 42), is separated out by passage through a slit aperture (30) in the opaque barrier (28).

A statistical procedure has been employed to develop correlations of monthly-mean-hourly global and diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface to hourly sunshine duration. Several years of measured data on solar radiation and sunshine duration, reported in the literature for two stations in the southern African region, is employed for this purpose. The applicability of the developed correlations is tested by estimating solar radiation for a new location. The excellent agreement between the measured and estimated data for that station the wide applicability of the method.

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We present a quantum theory of distances along a curve, based on a linear line element that is equal to the operator square root of the quadratic metric of Riemannian geometry. Since the linear line element is an operator, we treat it according to the rules of quantum mechanics and interpret its eigenvalues as physically observable distances; the distance eigenvalues are naturally quantized. There are both positive and negative eigenvalues, which requires interpretation. Multi-element curves are defined as direct sums of line elements, and behave much like systems of spin half electrons in a magnetic field. For a curve of many elements an entropy and energy and temperature are quite naturally defined, leading via standard statistical thermodynamics to a relation between the most probable curve length and temperature. That relation may be viewed as a universal heat-shrinking property of curves. At this stage of the theory we do not include bodies or particles in the mix, do not suggest field equations for the quantum geometry, and questions of interpretation remain. The theory might conceivably be testable using observations of the early Universe, when the temperature of space was presumably quite high. In particular cosmogenesis may be thought of as time stopping at an infinite temperature as we go backwards in time to the beginning.

The impact of wind and load forecast errors on power grid operations is frequently evaluated by conducting multi-variant studies, where these errors are simulated repeatedly as random processes based on their known statistical characteristics. To generate these errors correctly, we need to reflect their distributions (which do not necessarily follow a known distribution law), standard deviations, auto- and cross-correlations. For instance, load and wind forecast errors can be closely correlated in different zones of the system. This paper introduces a new methodology for generating multiple cross-correlated random processes to simulate forecast error curves based on a transition probability matrix computed from an empirical error distribution function. The matrix will be used to generate new error time series with statistical features similar to observed errors. We present the derivation of the method and present some experimental results by generating new error forecasts together with their statistics.

Demand-side control is playing an increasingly important role in smart grid control strategies. Modeling the dynamical behavior of a large population of appliances is especially important to evaluate the effectiveness of various load control strategies. In this paper, a high accuracy aggregated model is first developed for a population of HVAC units. The model efficiently includes statistical information of the population, systematically deals with heterogeneity, and accounts for a second-order effect necessary to accurately capture the transient dynamics in the collective response. Furthermore, the model takes into account the lockout effect of the compressor in order to represent the dynamics of the system under control more accurately. Then, a novel closed loop load control strategy is designed to track a desired demand curve and to ensure a stable and smooth response.

LoadLoad Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Base Load The minimum amount of electric power delivered or required over a given period at a constant rate.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Baseload (also base load, or baseload demand) is the minimum amount of power that a utility or distribution company must make available to its customers, or the amount of power required to meet minimum demands based on reasonable expectations of customer requirements. Baseload values typically vary from hour to hour in most commercial and industrial areas. Related Terms electricity generation, power, smart grid References â Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An in Like Like You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. line Glossary Definition Retrieved from

The S-Band loads on the current SLAC linac RF system were designed, in some cases, 40+ years ago to terminate 2-3 MW peak power into a thin layer of coated Kanthal material as the high power absorber [1]. The technology of the load design was based on a flame-sprayed Kanthal wire method onto a base material. During SLAC linac upgrades, the 24 MW peak klystrons were replaced by 5045 klystrons with 65+ MW peak output power. Additionally, SLED cavities were introduced and as a result, the peak power in the current RF setup has increased up to 240 MW peak. The problem of reliable RF peak power termination and RF load lifetime required a careful study and adequate solution. Results of our studies and three designs of S-Band RF load for the present SLAC RF linac system is discussed. These designs are based on the use of low conductivity materials.

A bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen load apparatus includes: (a) a body having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the first end comprising an externally threaded portion sized to be threadedly received within the test specimen threaded opening; (b) a longitudinal loading rod having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the loading rod being slidably received in a longitudinal direction within the body internally through the externally threaded portion and slidably extending longitudinally outward of the body first longitudinal end; (c) a force sensitive transducer slidably received within the body and positioned to engage relative to the loading rod second longitudinal end; and (d) a loading bolt threadedly received relative to the body, the loading bolt having a bearing end surface and being positioned to bear against the transducer to forcibly sandwich the transducer between the loading bolt and loading rod. Also disclosed is a method of in situ determining applied force during crack propagation in a bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen. 6 figs.

A bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen load apparatus includes: a) a body having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the first end comprising an externally threaded portion sized to be threadedly received within the test specimen threaded opening; b) a longitudinal loading rod having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the loading rod being slidably received in a longitudinal direction within the body internally through the externally threaded portion and slidably extending longitudinally outward of the body first longitudinal end; c) a force sensitive transducer slidably received within the body and positioned to engage relative to the loading rod second longitudinal end; and d) a loading bolt threadedly received relative to the body, the loading bolt having a bearing end surface and being positioned to bear against the transducer to forcibly sandwich the transducer between the loading bolt and loading rod. Also disclosed is a method of in situ determining applied force during crack propagation in a bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen.

A compilation of waste heat recovery steam curves for a sampling of gas turbines ranging in output from around 1 MW to more than 200 MW is presented. The gas turbine output data shown with each set of curves differs from the values given in the Performance Specifications section of the Handbook. That's because the values have been calculated to reflect the effects of a 4 inch inlet and 10 inch outlet pressure drop on power output (lower), heat rate (higher), mass flow (higher), and exhaust temperature (higher).

We consider the renormalization of general gauge theories on curved space-time background, with the main assumption being the existence of a gauge-invariant and diffeomorphism invariant regularization. Using the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism, one can show that the theory possesses gauge invariant and diffeomorphism invariant renormalizability at quantum level, up to an arbitrary order of the loop expansion. Starting from this point, we discuss the locality of the counterterms and the general prescription for constructing the power-counting renormalizable theories on curved background.

It was shown earlier by Rahaman et al. that a noncommutative-geometry background can account for galactic rotation curves without the need for dark matter. The smearing effect that characterizes noncommutative geometry is described by means of a Gaussian distribution intended to replace the Dirac delta function. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (1) to account for the galactic rotation curves in a more transparent and intuitively more appealing way by replacing the Gaussian function by the simpler Lorentzian distribution proposed by Nozari and Mehdipour and (2) to show that the smearing effect is both a necessary and sufficient condition for meeting the stability criterion.

Almost 73% of trade between Egypt and the USA involves the 36 industries for which continuous quarterly data are available over the period 1994I to 2007IV. We take advantage of this rich data set and test the J-curve hypothesis for each of the 36 industries. By relying upon a new definition of the J-curve, i.e., short-run deterioration combined with the long-run improvement of the trade balance subsequent to currency depreciation, we find evidence in support of the new definition in 16 industries. Previous research that used aggregate trade data could not support the phenomenon.

On the duration of the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) Ursula RoÂ¨hl and Thomas Westerhold of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA [1] The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) is one of global warming and a massive perturbation of the global carbon cycle from injection of isotopically light

A study of morphological and composition changes of the WTi/Si system induced by nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses is presented. A 190 nm thick WTi film was deposited on a silicon substrate of n-type (100). The pulsed laser systems used were: nanosecond TEA CO2 laser (emission, 10.6 µm; pulse FWHM; pulse duration 120 ns) and picosecond Nd:YAG laser (emission, 532 nm; pulse FWHM; pulse duration 40 ps). During experiments the used fluences (?) had similar values, ?1 = 20 J cm ? 2 in case of the TEA CO2 laser and ?2 = 16 J cm ? 2 for the Nd:YAG laser. The laser-induced morphological and composition modifications showed a dependence on pulse duration. Generally, the following morphological changes were observed: (i) ablation/exfoliation of the WTi thin film, (ii) appearance of hydrodynamic features such as resolidified material, and (iii) formation of nano-sized grains and globules. Overall morphological modifications were more pronounced after the picosecond laser action. The surface composition analysis showed a quite different distribution of sample components depending on the pulse duration. Formation of the silicon dioxide (SiO2) was recorded only in the case of irradiation of the WTi/Si system by picosecond laser pulses.

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided into two classes according to their durations. We investigate if the softness of bursts plays a role in the conventional classification of the objects. We employ the BATSE (Burst and Transient Source Experiment) catalog and analyze the duration distributions of different groups of GRBs associated with distinct softness. Our analysis reveals that the conventional classification of GRBs with the duration of bursts is influenced by the softness of the objects. There exits a bimodality in the duration distribution of GRBs for each group of bursts and the time position of the dip in the bimodality histogram shifts with the softness parameter. Our findings suggest that the conventional classification scheme should be modified by separating the two well-known populations in different softness groups, which would be more reasonable than doing so with a single sample. According to the relation between the dip position and the softness parameter, we get an empirical function that can roughly set apart the short-hard and long-soft bursts: $SP = (0.100 \\pm 0.028) T_{90}^{-(0.85 \\pm 0.18)}$, where $SP$ is the softness parameter adopted in this paper.

Long Duration Tests of Room Air Filters in Cigarette Smokers' Homes ... Between 15 and 40 cigarettes were smoked daily by several smokers in each home. ... Emissions from PM sources in homes may cause much higher concentrations than outdoor PM that infiltrates into the home (18, 42?45. ...

N-body algorithms for long-range unscreened interactions like gravity belong to a class of highly irregular problems whose optimal solution is a challenging task for present-day massively parallel computers. In this paper we describe a strategy for optimal memory and work distribution which we have applied to our parallel implementation of the Barnes & Hut (1986) recursive tree scheme on a Cray T3D using the CRAFT programming environment. We have performed a series of tests to find an " optimal data distribution " in the T3D memory, and to identify a strategy for the " Dynamic Load Balance " in order to obtain good performances when running large simulations (more than 10 million particles). The results of tests show that the step duration depends on two main factors: the data locality and the T3D network contention. Increasing data locality we are able to minimize the step duration if the closest bodies (direct interaction) tend to be located in the same PE local memory (contiguous block subdivison, high granularity), whereas the tree properties have a fine grain distribution. In a very large simulation, due to network contention, an unbalanced load arises. To remedy this we have devised an automatic work redistribution mechanism which provided a good Dynamic Load Balance at the price of an insignificant overhead.

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In order to fully mine the characteristics of load data and improve the accuracy of power system load forecasting, a load forecasting model based on Ensemble Empirical Mode ... is proposed in this paper. Firstly,...

Pd-loaded high surface area activated carbon (BAC-Pd) was produced from bamboo by carbonization and activation using potassium hydroxide with subsequent loading of palladium. The palladium loaded onto BACs appear...

induced by thermal loads. The loads may be uniform remote heat Â¯ow, point heat source and temperature elastic plate with an hole of various shapes subjected to remote uniform mechanical loading. For plane

The coalescence of compact objects is a promising astrophysical source of detectable gravitational wave signals. The ejection of r-process material from such mergers may lead to a radioactively powered electromagnetic counterpart signal which, if discovered, would enhance the science returns. As very little is known about the optical properties of heavy r-process elements, previous light-curve models have adopted opacities similar to those of iron group elements. Here we consider the effect of heavier elements, particularly the lanthanides, which increase the ejecta opacity by several orders of magnitude. We include these higher opacities in time-dependent, multi-wavelength radiative transport calculations to predict the broadband light curves of one-dimensional models over a range of parameters (ejecta masses {approx}10{sup -3}-10{sup -1} M{sub Sun} and velocities {approx}0.1-0.3 c). We find that the higher opacities lead to much longer duration light curves which can last a week or more. The emission is shifted toward the infrared bands due to strong optical line blanketing, and the colors at later times are representative of a blackbody near the recombination temperature of the lanthanides (T {approx} 2500 K). We further consider the case in which a second mass outflow, composed of {sup 56}Ni, is ejected from a disk wind, and show that the net result is a distinctive two component spectral energy distribution, with a bright optical peak due to {sup 56}Ni and an infrared peak due to r-process ejecta. We briefly consider the prospects for detection and identification of these transients.

This thesis documents the linear mixed model developed for vehicle speed along two-lane two-way rural horizontal curves in the outside lane. Speed data at each curve was collected at four points along the curve including the midpoint of the curve...

......31], and compute Four of the points are cusps. The other four correspond to the pairs...six rational cusps, four cusps with field of...elliptic curve, P 2 a point of order 2, and P 9...2. Clearly, i is a lift of w 2. We denote the......

......bijection on the set of reduced points of D. We can thus use...of the genus 0 curve can lift to an automorphism of order...the number of Weierstrass points, and N=ord(alpha red...to zero, then there are four points in C whose image in C......

......results of Vermaak ( , ); they cover most of the lensing zone, and...fitting binary light curves Given a set of parameters, obtaining the...priors that avoid hard limits - to cover cases where the secondary lens...the general algorithm otherwise set-up in much the same way as......

Existence and stability of curved multidimensional detonation fronts N. Costanzino , H. K. Jenssen for ZND detonations was begun by J.J. Erpenbeck in [E1]. He used a normal mode analysis to define, multidimensional detonation fronts for ideal polytropic gases in both the ZND and Chapman-Jouguet models

of evidence suggests staying with the consensus experience curve estimate Â­ a Learning Rate of 20% for solar Market Penetration and Cost Numerous approaches have been tried over time to project changes in market penetration, price and time for technology-oriented products (Junginger 2006). Among them are: Â· cost per

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. By considering a soft, thin, curved litho- spheric cap with either elastic or viscous rheology sup- ported the shape of arcuate of subduction zones and the bending strip of the dimple on a partly inverted thin but finite thickness (rather than either a complete spherical shell or a flat plate); (2) the shell thickness

Sequential Document Representations and Simplicial Curves Guy Lebanon Department of Statistics The popular bag of words assumption repre- sents a document as a histogram of word oc- currences. While to robustly model long rage sequential trends in the document. We discuss the rep- resentation and its

......theory in the presence of a mirror in a curved two-dimensional...change of acceleration of the mirror is independent of the state...comoving flux emitted by a mirror lowered in a static gravitational...Theory in Two-Dimensional Schwarzschild-de Sitter Spacetime. II......

In a recent paper Rohde (2009) proposes a new functional form for estimating the Lorenz curve. This paper demonstrates that the model proposed by Rohde is a reparameterization of the model proposed by Aggarwal (1984). New and important properties of the model are established.

Abstract Electrical load profiles of a particular region are usually required in order to study the performance of renewable energy technologies and the impact of different operational strategies on the power grid. Load profiles are generally constructed based on measurements and load research surveys which are capital and labour-intensive. In the absence of true load profiles, synthetically generated load profiles can be a viable alternative to be used as benchmarks for research or renewable energy investment planning. In this paper, the feasibility of using publicly available load and weather data to generate synthetic load profiles is investigated. An artificial neural network (ANN) based method is proposed to synthesize load profiles for a target region using its typical meteorological year 2 (TMY2) weather data as the input. To achieve this, the proposed ANN models are first trained using TMY2 weather data and load profile data of neighbouring regions as the input and targeted output. The limited number of data points in the load profile dataset and the consequent averaging of TMY2 weather data to match its period resulted in limited data availability for training. This challenge was tackled by incorporating generalization using Bayesian regularization into training. The other major challenge was facilitating ANN extrapolation and this was accomplished by the incorporation of domain knowledge into the input weather data for training. The performance of the proposed technique has been evaluated by simulation studies and tested on three real datasets. Results indicate that the generated synthetic load profiles closely resemble the real ones and therefore can be used as benchmarks.

The blade-loading histories from two adjacent Micon 65/13 wind turbines are compared with the variable-amplitude test-loading histories known as the WISPER and WISPERX spectra. These standardized loading sequences were developed from blade flapwise load histories taken from nine different horizontal-axis wind turbines operating under a wide range of conditions in Europe. The subject turbines covered a broad spectrum of rotor diameters, materials, and operating environments. The final loading sequences were developed as a joint effort of thirteen different European organizations. The goal was to develop a meaningful loading standard for horizontal-axis wind turbine blades that represents common interaction effects seen in service. In 1990, NREL made extensive load measurements on two adjacent Micon 65/13 wind turbines in simultaneous operation in the very turbulent environment of a large wind park. Further, before and during the collection of the loads data, comprehensive measurements of the statistics of the turbulent environment were obtained at both the turbines under test and at two other locations within the park. The trend to larger but lighter wind turbine structures has made an understanding of the expected lifetime loading history of paramount importance. Experience in the US has shown that the turbulence-induced loads associated with multi-row wind parks in general are much more severe than for turbines operating individually or within widely spaced environments. Multi-row wind parks are much more common in the US than in Europe. In this paper we report on our results in applying the methodology utilized to develop the WISPER and WISPERX standardized loading sequences using the available data from the Micon turbines. While the intended purpose of the WISPER sequences were not to represent a specific operating environment, we believe the exercise is useful, especially when a turbine design is likely to be installed in a multi-row wind park.

The acoustic loads to which an aircraft is subjected during its lifetime must be known for structural?fatigue analysis in aircraft design. The Sonic Load History Recorder senses filters smooths and records some measure of the length of time the sound pressure has spent in a given level band. Sound?pressure?level distributions over long periods of time are calculated for a present?day aircraft from engine?operating parameters operational characteristics of the aircraft and from ambient atmospheric conditions. The requirements for a device which is designed to provide a useful description of acoustic loads at a point on an operational aircraft are developed on the basis of the SPL histories and fatigue criteria. [This work was supported under U. S. Air Force Contract AF 33(616)?7789.

Reconstruction of a wind turbine's endured load spectrum using a short-time load measurement Abstract Wind turbines (WT) are normally designed for a service life (SL) of 20 years. In Germany, over safety. 1 Introduction A wind turbine (WT) is normally designed, tested and certified for a design life

A NEW POPULATION OF HIGH-REDSHIFT SHORT-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS E. Berger,1,2,3 D. B. Fox,4 P. A The redshift distribution of the short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is a crucial, but currently fragmentary rays: bursts Online material: color figures 1. INTRODUCTION The redshift distribution of the short

of GRBs. #12;A Search for Short Duration Very High Energy Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts by David NoyesABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: A Search for Short Duration Very High Energy Emission from Gamma-Ray by gamma rays with primary energies of approximately 100 GeV and higher. The wide field of view ( 2 sr

In this study, we investigated impact and wear damage in silicon-nitride ceramic valves that were subjected to an engine duration test in a natural-gas engine. A high-speed automated laser-scattering system was developed for the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of 10 SN235P silicon-nitride valves. The NDE system scans the entire valve surface and generates a two-dimensional scattering image that is used to identify location, size and relative severity of subsurface damage in the valves. NED imaging data were obtained at before and at 100 and 500 hours of the engine duration test. The NDE data were analyzed and compared with surface photomicrographs. Wear damage was found in the impact surface of all valves, expecially for exhaust valves. However, the NDE examination did not detect subsurface damage such as cracks or spalls in these engine-tested valves.

that scale using a distributed data plane that runs on commodity servers. Software load balancers offer low overlooked resource in the data center networks ï¿½ the switches themselves. We show how to embed the load-DC traffic. This traffic volume induces heavy load on both data plane and control plane of the load balancer

Consider the following load balancing scenario: a certain amount of work load is distributed among a setRandomized Load Balancing by Joining and Splitting Bins James Aspnes Yitong Yin Â§ 1 Introduction, one of the existing machines gives some of its load to the new machine; and upon a departure

...at the design stage of an engineering structure, both global and...is relevant to other core engineering industry sectors. This paper...simulated Jack-up offshore load history (JOSH) developed for use...fatigue|fracture mechanics|engineering structures|

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......to Tidal Load,Memoirs of the Imperial Marine Observatory, 1, No. 1, 1922 June...that the possibilities of error due to wear in the cone and cup should be made known...1932 September. Memoirs of the Imperial Marine Observatory, I, No. I, 1922June. the......

The study establishes the planning basis for supplying electricity to customers. The study presents projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, and serves as a benchmark for annual BPA determinations made pursuant to the 1981 regional power sales contracts.

A cyclone valve surrounds a wall opening through which cladding is projected. An axial valve inlet surrounds the cladding. Air is drawn through the inlet by a cyclone stream within the valve. An inflatable seal is included to physically engage a fuel pin subassembly during loading of fuel pellets.

A cyclone valve surrounds a wall opening through which cladding is projected. An axial valve inlet surrounds the cladding. Air is drawn through the inlet by a cyclone stream within the valve. An inflatable seal is included to physically engage a fuel pin subassembly during loading of fuel pellets.

The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (White Book), which is published annually by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), establishes one of the planning bases for supplying electricity to customers. The White Book contains projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, along with relevant definitions and explanations. The White Book also contains information obtained from formalized resource planning reports and data submittals including those from individual utilities, the Northwest Power and Conservation Council (Council), and the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee (PNUCC). The White Book is not an operational planning guide, nor is it used for determining BPA revenues, although the database that generates the data for the White Book analysis contributes to the development of BPA's inventory and ratemaking processes. Operation of the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) is based on a set of criteria different from that used for resource planning decisions. Operational planning is dependent upon real-time or near-term knowledge of system conditions that include expectations of river flows and runoff, market opportunities, availability of reservoir storage, energy exchanges, and other factors affecting the dynamics of operating a power system. In this loads and resources study, resource availability is compared to an expected level of total retail electricity consumption. The forecasted annual energy electricity retail load plus contract obligations are subtracted from the sum of the projected annual energy capability of existing resources and contract purchases to determine whether BPA and/or the region will be surplus or deficit. Surplus energy is available when resources are greater than loads. This energy could be marketed to increase revenues. Deficits occur when resources are less than loads. Energy deficits could be met by any combination of the following: better-than-critical water conditions, demand-side management and conservation programs, permanent loss of a load (i.e., due to economic conditions or closures), additional contract purchases, and/or new generating resources. The loads and resources analysis in this study simulates the operation of the power system under the Pacific Northwest Coordination Agreement (PNCA). The PNCA defines the planning and operation of seventeen U.S. Pacific Northwest utilities and other parties with generating facilities within the region's hydroelectric (hydro) system. The hydroregulation study used for the 2003 White Book incorporates measures from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries (NOAA Fisheries) Biological Opinion dated December 2000, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's 2000 Biological Opinion (2000 FCRPS BiOps) for the Snake River and Columbia River projects. These measures include: (1) Increased flow augmentation for juvenile fish migrations in the Snake and Columbia rivers in the spring and summer; (2) Mandatory spill requirements at the Lower Snake and Columbia dams to provide for non-turbine passage routes for juvenile fish migrants; and (3) Additional flows for Kootenai River white sturgeon in the spring. The hydroregulation criteria for this analysis includes: an updated Detailed Operation Plan for Treaty reservoirs for Operating Year (OY) 2004, updated PNCA planning criteria for OY 2003, and revised juvenile fish bypass spill levels for 2000 FCRPS BiOps implementation. The 2003 White Book is presented in two documents: (1) this summary document of Federal system and PNW region loads and resources, and (2) a technical appendix which presents regional loads, grouped by major PNW utility categories, and detailed contract and resource information. The technical appendix is available only in electronic form. Individual customer information regarding marketer contracts is not detailed due to confidentiality agreements. The 2003 White Book analysis updates the December 2002 White Book. This analysis projects the yearly average energy consumption and resource availability

Motor System Energy Efficiency Supply Curves: A Methodology for Assessing Motor System Energy Efficiency Supply Curves: A Methodology for Assessing the Energy Efficiency Potential of Industrial Motor Systems Speaker(s): Ali Hasanbeigi Date: February 8, 2011 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Aimee McKane Motor-driven equipment accounts for approximately 60% of manufacturing final electricity use worldwide. A major barrier to effective policymaking, and to more global acceptance of the energy efficiency potential in industrial motor systems, is the lack of a transparent methodology for quantifying the magnitude and cost-effectiveness of these energy savings. This paper presents the results of groundbreaking analyses conducted for five countries and one region to begin to address this barrier. Using a combination of expert opinion and available data from the United States,

Modern cosmic ray experiments consisting of large array of particle detectors measure the signals of electromagnetic or muon components or their combination. The correction for an amount of atmosphere passed is applied to the surface detector signal before its conversion to the shower energy. Either Monte Carlo based approach assuming certain composition of primaries or indirect estimation using real data and assuming isotropy of arrival directions can be used. Toy surface arrays of different sensitivities to electromagnetic and muon components are assumed in MC simulations to study effects imposed on attenuation curves for varying composition or possible high energy anisotropy. The possible sensitivity of the attenuation curve to the mass composition is also tested for different array types focusing on a future apparatus that can separate muon and electromagnetic component signals.

We have entered the era of explosive transient astronomy, in which current and upcoming real-time surveys such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, the Palomar Transient Factory, and the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System will detect supernovae in unprecedented numbers. Future telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope may discover supernovae from the earliest stars in the universe and reveal their masses. The observational signatures of these astrophysical transients are the key to unveiling their central engines, the environments in which they occur, and to what precision they will pinpoint cosmic acceleration and the nature of dark energy. We present a new method for modeling supernova light curves and spectra with the radiation hydrodynamics code RAGE coupled with detailed monochromatic opacities in the SPECTRUM code. We include a suite of tests that demonstrate how the improved physics and opacities are indispensable to modeling shock breakout and light curves when radiation and matter are tightly coupled.

Recent observations of the rotation curve of M31 show a rise of the outer part that cannot be understood in terms of standard dark matter models or perturbations of the galactic disk by M31's satellites. Here, we propose an explanation of this dynamical feature based on the influence of the magnetic field within the thin disk. We have considered standard mass models for the luminous mass distribution, a Navarro-Frenk-White model to describe the dark halo, and we have added up the contribution to the rotation curve of a magnetic field in the disk, which is described by an axisymmetric pattern. Our conclusion is that a significant improvement of the fit in the outer part is obtained when magnetic effects are considered. The best-fit solution requires an amplitude of {approx}4 {mu}G with a weak radial dependence between 10 and 38 kpc.

This study describes the results of a low-cost approach used to measure reported load reductions from a residential electric water heater (EWH) load control program operated as part of PJM Interconnection's Demand Response small customer pilot program. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) conducted this independent review of the engineering estimates for EWH load control reported by a Curtailment Service Provider (CSP) at PJM's request. LBNL employed low-cost measurement and verification (M&V) approaches that utilized existing interval metering equipment to monitor results for a series of load control tests. The CSP collected hourly load data for two substations and several hundred households over a six-week period in October and November 2003. During this time period, the CSP operated its electric water heater load control program during pre-specified test periods in the morning, afternoon and early evening. LBNL then analyzed substation and premise-level data from these tests in order to verify the diversified demand reductions claimed by the CSP for customers participating in the EWH load control program. We found that the observed load reductions for the premise-level data aggregated over all households in the two participating electric cooperatives were, respectively, 40 percent-60 percent less and 3 percent less-10 percent higher than the estimated diversified demand reduction values assumed by the CSP, depending on whether observed or normalized results are considered. We also analyzed sub-station level data and found that the observed load reductions during the test periods were significantly lower than expected, although confounding influences and operational problems signifiogram during pre-specified test periods in the morning, afternoon and early evening. LBNL then analyzed substation and premise-level data from these tests in order to verify the diversified demand reductions claimed by the CSP for customers participating in the EWH load control program. We found that the observed load reductions for the premise-level data aggregated over all households in the two participating electric cooperatives were, respectively, 40 percent-60 percent less and 3 percent less-10 percent higher than the estimated diversified demand reduction values assumed by the CSP, depending on whether observed or normalized results are considered. We also analyzed sub-station level data and found that the observed load reductions during the test periods were significantly lower than expected, although confounding influences and operational problems significantly limit our ability to differentiate between control-related and non-control related differences in substation-level load shape data. The usefulness and accuracy of the results were hampered by operational problems encountered during the measurement period as well as in sufficient number of load research grade interval meters at one cooperative. Given the larger sample size at one electric cooperative and more statistically-robust results, there is some basis to suggest that the Adjusted Diversified Demand Factor (ADDF) values used by the CSP somewhat over-state the actual load reductions. Given the results and limitations of the M&V approach as implemented, we suggest several options for PJM to consider: (1) require load aggregators participating in ISODR programs to utilize formal PURPA-compliant load research samples in their M&V plans, and (2) continue developing lower cost M&V approaches for mass market load control programs that incorporate suggested improvements described in this study.

This paper presents a significantly improved yet simple method to predict future oilwell deliverability and inflow performance relationship (IPR) curves. For the 21 reservoirs studied, current empirical techniques overpredicted future performance by 117%, while the new approach reduced the average error to only 9%. This new method, when coupled with nodal analysis, could affect equipment sizing, investment planning, and property sales economics significantly because it provides more realistic predictions.

Optimal planning of crack detection tests is considered. The tests are used to update the information on the reliability of inspection techniques modeled by probability of detection (P.O.D.) curves. It is shown how cost-optimal and reliability-based test plans can be obtained using First Order Reliability Methods in combination with life-cycle cost-optimal inspection and maintenance planning. The methodology is based on preposterior analyses from Bayesian decisions theory. An illustrative example is shown.

We combine AAVSO and VSS/RASNZ optical and Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer EUV light curves of dwarf novae in outburst to place constraints on the nature of dwarf nova outbursts. From the observed optical-EUV time delays of {approx} 0.75-1.5 days, we show that the propagation velocity of the dwarf nova instability heating wave is {approx} 3 km s{sup -1}.

-Phillips' Curves using an SMSA as the definition of a labor market. Sixteen SMSA's were separately studied by regressing wage changes on the unemployment rate and the rate of change of unemploy- ment for monthly data. The sixteen SMSA's were then pooled via a... covariance model to form a national labor market. iv It was found that the estimated regression coefficient for the unemployment rate was insignificant at the . 10 level of significance on both the aggregate and disaggregate level. This suggests...

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States ... In recent years, environmental considerations, the potential for supply disruptions, and rising fuel prices have led to the development of turbine fuels produced from non-petroleum feedstocks. ... We found that the distillation curves of the chicken-fat-derived fuel and the gasliquid turbine fuel were similar to those of JP-8, deviating the most at high distillate volume fractions. ...

Twelve nuclear reactor fuel plates were analyzed for fuel loading and fuel loading homogeneity by measuring the attenuation of a collimated X-ray beam as it passed through the plates. The plates were identical to those used by the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) but were loaded with uranium silicide rather than with HFIR`s uranium oxide fuel. Systematic deviations from nominal fuel loading were observed as higher loading near the center of the plates and underloading near the radial edges. These deviations were within those allowed by HFIR specifications. The report begins with a brief background on the thermal-hydraulic uncertainty analysis for the Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) Reactor that motivated a statistical description of fuel loading and homogeneity. The body of the report addresses the homogeneity measurement techniques employed, the numerical correction required to account for a difference in fuel types, and the statistical analysis of the resulting data. This statistical analysis pertains to local variation in fuel loading, as well as to ``hot segment`` analysis of narrow axial regions along the plate and ``hot streak`` analysis, the cumulative effect of hot segment loading variation. The data for all twelve plates were compiled and divided into 20 regions for analysis, with each region represented by a mean and a standard deviation to report percent deviation from nominal fuel loading. The central regions of the plates showed mean values of about +3% deviation, while the edge regions showed mean values of about {minus}7% deviation. The data within these regions roughly approximated random samplings from normal distributions, although the chi-square ({chi}{sup 2}) test for goodness of fit to normal distributions was not satisfied.

A method of non-destructively inspecting a curved wall portion of a large and thick walled vessel for a defect by computed tomography is provided. A collimated source of radiation is placed adjacent one side of the wall portion and an array of detectors for the radiation is placed on the other side adjacent the source. The radiation from the source passing through the wall portion is then detected with the detectors over a limited angle, dependent upon the curvature of the wall of the vessel, to obtain a dataset. The source and array are then coordinately moved relative to the wall portion in steps and a further dataset is obtained at each step. The plurality of datasets obtained over the limited angle is then processed to produce a tomogram of the wall portion to determine the presence of a defect therein. In a preferred embodiment, the curved wall portion has a center of curvature so that the source and the array are positioned at each step along a respective arc curved about the center. If desired, the detector array and source can be reoriented relative to a new wall portion and an inspection of the new wall portion can be easily obtained. Further, the source and detector array can be indexed in a direction perpendicular to a plane including the limited angle in a plurality of steps so that by repeating the detecting and moving steps at each index step, a three dimensional image can be created of the wall portion.

Sample records for load duration curves from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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(j) that will execute it. We define the load of a machine i and the load of entire schedule s as follows: load(s; i) = 1A Note on OnÂ­line Load Balancing for Related Machines Piotr Berman \\Lambda Marek Karpinski y that differ in speed but are related in the following sence: a job of size p requires time p=v on a machine

This paper presents a building modeling approach to quickly quantify climate change impacts on energy consumption, peak load, and load composition of residential and commercial buildings. This research focuses on addressing the impact of temperature changes on the building heating and cooling load in 10 major cities across the Western United States and Canada. A building simulation software are first used to quantify the hourly energy consumption of different building types by end-use and by vintage. Then, the temperature sensitivities are derived based on the climate data inputs.

The present study intends to investigate the prediction of forming limit diagrams (FLDs) for tube hydroforming from the perspective of selecting various combinations of loading parameters based on plastic instability. From this perspective, certain related research efforts on plastic instability of thin-walled tubes subjected to internal fluid pressure and axial force are reviewed and six combinations of loading parameters have been identified. There are nine combinations of loading parameters, including six found in the literature, being employed to determine forming limit curves (FLCs) for tube hydroforming in the present study. The predicted \\{FLCs\\} are compared with experimental data obtained in a well-controlled laboratory condition. Comparisons indicate that the combination of the internal pressure p and the resultant axial force Fz + ?r2p provides the best predicted right side of FLC among the nine combinations and a reasonably well-predicted left-hand side of FLC. In addition, comparison also demonstrated that the combination of p and the applied axial stress Fz/2?rt can also give a reasonable predicted left-hand side of FLC.

The objective of this study was numerical simulation and experimental examination of the process of translational positioning of a stream of unit loads (i.e. postal parcels) transported on conveyors. A system of two inversely-oriented fields of friction forces was used to perform the task of load positioning. In numerical investigations, one applied theoretical description of the positioning process based on the Karnopp's model of static friction and the dynamic friction model of LuGre. In the Karnopp's model, two classic friction coefficients were used (based on one or two parameters, respectively) and a nonlinear coefficient defined by a B-spline curve of third order (determined based on experimental results). The results of numerical investigation were verified by experiments, which consisted in translating the objects by a system of two inversely-driven belts. The analyses of numerical and experimental results indicated that the effectiveness of the positioning process is mostly influenced by nonlinearity of friction coefficient of the transported loads.

A load-based micro-indentation technique has been developed for evaluating mechanical properties of materials. Instead of using measured indentation depth or contact area as a necessary parameter, the new technique is based on the indentation load, coupled with a multiple-partial unloading procedure for mechanical property evaluation. The proposed load-based micro-indentation method is capable of determining Youngs modulus of metals, superalloys, and single crystal matrices, and stiffness of coated material systems with flat, tubular, or curved architectures. This micro-indentation technique can be viewed as a viable non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for determining as-manufactured and process-exposed metal, superalloy, single crystal, and TBC-coated material properties. Based on this technique, several bond coated substrates were tested at various stages of thermal cycles. The time-series evaluation of test material surface stiffness reveals the status of coating strength without any alternation of the coating surface, making it a true time-series NDE investigation. The microindentation test results show good correlation with post mortem microstructural analyses. This technique also shows promise for the development of a portable instrument for on-line, in-situ NDE and mechanical properties measurement of structural components.

Abstract This paper proposes a simple and efficient power flow method to calculate, in an interval manner, the main variables corresponding to the maximum loading point, under load data uncertainties. The resulting interval nonlinear system of equations is solved using Krawczyk method. The proposed methodology is implemented in the Matlab environment using the Intlab toolbox. Results are compared with those obtainable by Monte Carlo simulations. IEEE 30 bus system and a South-southeastern Brazilian network are used to validate the proposed methodology.

The Pacific Northwest Loads and Resources Study (White Book) is published annually by BPA and establishes the planning basis for supplying electricity to customers. It serves a dual purpose. First, the White Book presents projections of regional and Federal system load and resource capabilities, along with relevant definitions and explanations. Second, the White Book serves as a benchmark for annual BPA determinations made pursuant to the 1981 regional power sales contracts. Specifically, BPA uses the information in the White Book for determining the notice required when customers request to increase or decrease the amount of power purchased from BPA. Aside from these purposes, the White Book is used for input to BPA`s resource planning process. The White Book compiles information obtained from several formalized resource planning reports and data submittals, including those from the Northwest Power Planning Council (Council) and the Pacific Northwest Utilities Conference Committee (PNUCC). 11 figs., 12 tabs.

Expansion of smart grids and aggregator business facilitates the utilization of reserve supplying demand response (RSDR) resources. One of the loads that are increasingly used for reserve provision is air-conditioning load (ACL) that have cold load pickup (CLPU) or payback characteristics. With larger scale utilization of RSDR resources, as an effect of increasing DR aggregation business, CLPU characteristics of ACL can affect system optimal operation. Actual utilization time and duration of RSDR resources are probabilistic and affected by system scheduling and contingency occurrence. Therefore the CLPU effect of RSDR resources is probabilistic. This creates extra burden on the system reliability maintenance that should be considered from social cost minimization point of view. This complexity is addressed in this paper by modeling the extra expected load not supplied (ELNS) that the probabilistic CLPU of RSDR can impose on system. Then the aggregated RSDR resources, with CLPU characteristics, are integrated into day-ahead simultaneous system scheduling with the objective function of social cost minimization. This study showed that CLPU can have considerable effects on system scheduling and RSDR effectiveness. The proposed method of this paper proved to be useful for reducing the negative effects of CLPU while using RSDR resources.

Load Control Device Load Control Device Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Direct Load Control Device A remotely controllable switch that can turn power to a load or appliance on or off. Such a device could also be used to regulate the amount of power that a load can consume. Direct load control devices can be operated by a utility or third party energy provider to reduce a customer's energy demand at certain times.[1] Related Terms power, load References â https://www.smartgrid.gov/category/technology/direct_load_control_device [[Ca LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. tegory: Smart Grid Definitionssmart grid,smart grid, |Template:BASEPAGENAME]]smart grid,smart grid, Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Direct_Load_Control_Device&oldid=502631

Temporary loads in nuclear power facilities can result from a number of activities including special one time operating conditions, repair and upgrade conditions, and ALARA requirements for operation, inspection and maintenance. Many times evaluation of these loadings includes their consideration in conjunction with other design basis loadings such as normal loads and extreme event loads including earthquake loadings. At times this combination with design basis extreme loads, such as earthquake, results in predicted structural demands which exceed the design basis capacity. Many times a major contributor to this demand prediction is the earthquake loadings. Discussed in this paper are analytical methods, probabilistic considerations, and earthquake experienced based evaluations which can be applied to reduce the earthquake demand for short term temporary loadings.

The characterization of the volume targeting capabilities of a telerobotic device capable of needle distal tip manipulation with a pre-curved needle is the focus of this thesis. The concept of deploying a pre-curved stylet ...

Abstract Tool path interpolation is an important part of Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) systems because it is related to the machining accuracy, tool-motion smoothness and overall efficiency. The use of parametric curves to generate tool-motion trajectories on a workpiece for high accuracy machining has become a standard data format that is used for CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) and CNC systems. Splines, Bezier, B-splines, and NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-splines) curves are the common parametric technique used for tool path design. However, the reported works bring out the high computational load required for this type of interpolation, and then at best only one interpolation algorithm is implemented. The contribution of this paper is the development of a hardware processing unit based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) for industrial CNC machines, which is capable of implementing the four main interpolation techniques. It allows the selection of the required interpolation technique according the application. Two CAD models are designed for test the CNC interpolations; experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed methodology.

Current methods of summarizing and analyzing electric load shape are discussed briefly and compared. Simple rules of thumb for graphical display of load shapes are suggested. We propose a set of parameters that quantitatively describe the load shape in many buildings. Using the example of a linear regression model to predict load shape from time and temperature, we show how quantities such as the load?s sensitivity to outdoor temperature, and the effectiveness of demand response (DR), can be quantified. Examples are presented using real building data.

A method of a search for local sources of superhigh energy gamma rays is described in the paper.It is shown that the method is more effective then the usually used method extracting excess from total intensity if gamma ray burst durations are short.Using the suggested method,the information detected with the Baksan installation ``Carpet'' during 1992-1996 years was analyzed.An excess of event numbers was found at the confidence level of 6.5$\\sigma$ in the direction to Mrk 501.

One popular measure of curve-fitting (or regression) performance obtained from the REC curve is its area over the curve (AOC):The AOC is the area between a curve and the horizontal line at unit accuracy; a smaller AOC is desirable. ... The AOC is a reasonable estimate of the mean absolute error (MAE). ... This scatter plot compares the AOC (eq 10) for the LS- and DK-fitter techniques for all 43 qHTS screens considered in this study. ...

We develop a small distance expansion for the radiative heat transfer between gently curved objects, in terms of the ratio of distance to radius of curvature. A gradient expansion allows us to go beyond the lowest order proximity transfer approximation. The range of validity of such expansion depends on temperature as well as material properties. Generally, the expansion converges faster for the derivative of the transfer than for the transfer itself, which we use by introducing a near-field adjusted plot. For the case of a sphere and a plate, the logarithmic correction to the leading term has a very small prefactor for all materials investigated.

This paper deals with the application of pressure build-up data in computing vital reservoir parameters in oil fields. Generally the technique of Miller Dyes and Hutchinson is utilized to determine flow capacity, permeability skin effect and completion efficiency. Pressure build-up data is utilized in detecting the existence of faults. The method of Brons and Marting has been found to be more reliable to determine the partial penetration effect. The computer software package which was developed recently is discussed and, due to near ideal behaviour of pressure build-up curves, is safely utilized. The computational work using the software package is rapid.

Sample records for load duration curves from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Let $C$ be a curve defined over a discrete valuation field of characteristic zero where the residue field has positive characteristic. Assuming that $C$ has good reduction over the residue field, we compute the syntomic regulator on a certain part of $K_4^[(3)}(C)$. The result can be expressed in terms of $p$-adic polylogarithms and Coleman integration. We also compute the syntomic regulator on a certain part of $K_4^[(3)}(F)$ for the function field $F$ of $C$. The result can be expressed in terms of $p$-adic polylogarithms and Coleman integration, or by using a trilinear map ("triple index") on certain functions.

The Sludge Treatment Project (STP) is considering two different concepts for the retrieval, loading, transport and interim storage of the K Basin sludge. The two design concepts under consideration are: (1) Hydraulic Loading Concept - In the hydraulic loading concept, the sludge is retrieved from the Engineered Containers directly into the Sludge Transport and Storage Container (STSC) while located in the STS cask in the modified KW Basin Annex. The sludge is loaded via a series of transfer, settle, decant, and filtration return steps until the STSC sludge transportation limits are met. The STSC is then transported to T Plant and placed in storage arrays in the T Plant canyon cells for interim storage. (2) Small Canister Concept - In the small canister concept, the sludge is transferred from the Engineered Containers (ECs) into a settling vessel. After settling and decanting, the sludge is loaded underwater into small canisters. The small canisters are then transferred to the existing Fuel Transport System (FTS) where they are loaded underwater into the FTS Shielded Transfer Cask (STC). The STC is raised from the basin and placed into the Cask Transfer Overpack (CTO), loaded onto the trailer in the KW Basin Annex for transport to T Plant. At T Plant, the CTO is removed from the transport trailer and placed on the canyon deck. The CTO and STC are opened and the small canisters are removed using the canyon crane and placed into an STSC. The STSC is closed, and placed in storage arrays in the T Plant canyon cells for interim storage. The purpose of the cost estimate is to provide a comparison of the two concepts described.

Green's Conjecture for curves on arbitrary K3 surfaces Marian Aprodu and Gavril Farkas Abstract Green's Conjecture predicts than one can read off special linear series on an algebraic curve-Ramanan, provides a complete solution to Green's Conjecture for smooth curves on arbitrary K3 surfaces. 1

THE GREEN CONJECTURE FOR EXCEPTIONAL CURVES ON A K3 SURFACE to prove the Green conjecture f* *or exceptional curves on K3 surfaces. Such curves count among made in the eighties by Green, and Green-Lazarsfeld, pointed * *out to some deep links between

......HAT-P-11 A in the Kepler light curve. This indicates a much...al. 2003). Further transit light curves were obtained by Gillon...et al. (2008). Two good light curves were presented by Winn...covering the transit on Christmas Day in 2007. The RM effect......

On the Parameterization of Catmull-Rom Curves Cem Yuksel Texas A&M University Scott Schaefer Texas A&M University John Keyser Texas A&M University ABSTRACT The behavior of Catmull-Rom curves. In this pa- per we prove that, for cubic Catmull-Rom curves, centripetal parameterization is the only

COMPLEX ORIENTANTION FORMULAS FOR M-CURVES OF DEGREE 4d + 1 WITH 4 NESTS S.Yu. Orevkov Abstract. We prove complex orientation formulas for M-curves in RP2 of degree 4d + 1 with 4 nests. They generalize the formulas of complex orientations for M- curves in RP2 with a deep nest. This is a step towards the isotopy

EFFECTS OF SHORT DURATION GRAZING ON WHITE-TAILED DEER IN THE EDWARDS PLATEAU AND RIO GRANDE PLAIN OF TEXAS A Thesis by CALVIN LEMUIEL RICHARDSON Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ARM L'niversity in partial fulfillment... of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1986 Major Subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences EFFECTS OF SHORT DURATION GRAZING ON WHITE-TAILED DEER IN THE EDWARDS PLATEAU AND RIO GRANDE PLAIN OF TEXAS A Thesis by CALVIN LEMUIEL...

We study the effect of pulse duration on the heating of single van der Waals bound argon and deuterium clusters by a strong laser field using a two-dimensional (2D) electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) code in the range of laser-cluster parameters such that kinetic as well as hydrodynamic effects are active. Heating is dominated by a collisionless resonant absorption process that involves energetic electrons transiting through the cluster. A size-dependent intensity threshold defines the onset of this resonance [T. Taguchi et al., Physical Review Letters, 92, 20 (2004)]. It is seen that increasing the laser pulse duration lowers this intensity threshold and the energetic electrons take multiple laser periods to transit the cluster instead of one laser period. Our simulations also show that strong electron heating is accompanied by the generation of a high-energy peak in the ion energy distribution function. We also calculate the yield of thermonuclear fusion neutrons from exploding deuterium clusters using the PIC model with periodic boundary conditions that allows for the interaction of ions from neighboring clusters.

We consider the application of quantum corrections computed using renormalization group arguments in the astrophysical domain and show that, for the most natural interpretation of the renormalization group scale parameter, a gravitational coupling parameter G varying 10{sup ?7} of its value across a galaxy (which is roughly a variation of 10{sup ?12} per light-year) is sufficient to generate galaxy rotation curves in agreement with the observations. The quality of the resulting fit is similar to the Isothermal profile quality once both the shape of the rotation curve and the mass-to-light ratios are considered for evaluation. In order to perform the analysis, we use recent high quality data from nine regular disk galaxies. For the sake of comparison, the same set of data is modeled also for the Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and for the recently proposed Scalar Tensor Vector Gravity (STVG). At face value, the model based on quantum corrections clearly leads to better fits than these two alternative theories.

Debates about the possibility of a near-term maximum in world oil production have become increasingly prominent over the past decade, with the focus often being on the quantification of geologically available and technologically recoverable amounts of oil in the ground. Economically, the important parameter is not a physical limit to resources in the ground, but whether market price signals and costs of extraction will indicate the efficiency of extracting conventional or nonconventional resources as opposed to making substitutions over time for other fuels and technologies. We present a hybrid approach to the peak-oil question with two models in which the use of logistic curves for cumulative production are supplemented with data on projected extraction costs and historical rates of capacity increase. While not denying the presence of large quantities of oil in the ground, even with foresight, rates of production of new nonconventional resources are unlikely to be sufficient to make up for declines in availability of conventional oil. Furthermore we show how the logistic-curve approach helps to naturally explain high oil prices even when there are significant quantities of low-cost oil yet to be extracted.

The nuclear rotation curve of M31, as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Camera Spectrograph, shows a significant disturbance coinciding with the off-center brightness peak, P1. This +/- 60 km/s feature is distinguished by a local velocity maximum centered on P1 and a local minimum approxmately 0.08" closer to P2. If the M31 double nucleus is an eccentric disk with an off-center density concentration, as suggested by Tremaine, then the self-gravity of the disk can produce just such a disturbance. The expected kinematic signature is calculated approximately by examining sequences of closed periodic orbits in a Kepler potential perturbed by a model disk potential that precesses at constant frequency. The perturbation forces a steep negative eccentricity gradient in the sequence of closed orbits through the densest part of the disk, which reverses the arrangement of periapsis and apoapsis with respect to the central mass. Stars making up the inner part of the density concentration are at apoapsis, while stars making up the outer part are at periapsis, producing a steep local velocity gradient. This result is independent of the details of the mass distribution. The projected rotation curve of the model is shown to closely resemble that of M31, giving strong support to the eccentric disk picture.

HAP System Design Load HAP System Design Load HAP System Design Load logo. Provides the load estimating and system design features found in its popular cousin ï¿½ Carrierï¿½s Hourly Analysis Program (HAP). By focusing on system design features, the HAP System Design Load program serves as a simpler, more efficient tool for those users only interested in system design; energy simulation features are omitted. Like the HAP program, HAP System Design Load provides the ease of use of a Windows-based graphical user interface and the computing power of modern 32-bit software. HAP System Design Load uses a system-based approach to HVAC load estimating. This approach tailors sizing procedures and results to the specific type of system being considered. A wide variety of equipment types

Considering the importance of the peak load to the dispatching and management of the system, the error of peak load is proposed in this paper as criteria ... proposes a systemic framework that attempts to used data

This project applies Data Mining technology to the prediction of electric power system load forecast. It proposes a mining program of electric power load forecasting data based on the similarity of time series .....

The technique for reducing the length of the data dependence path is presented. This technique,...tunneling-load..., utilizes the register specifier buffer in order to hide the load latency, and thus reduces the ...

This paper reviews existing data management schemes and presents a design and development of a data management scheme with load balancing in a distributed computing. This scheme defines a variety of degree of load

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The rate of bed load transport in weight per unit width for ... material has been computed by collecting the field data of Tapi River, in the monsoon season ... of this paper is to estimate the bed load carried b...

The impact of acid deposition, attributable to sulphur and nitrogen pollutants, on the soils of Scotland has been analysed using a critical loads approach. The critical load of a soil (as an indicator of ecolo...

specifications for a computer controlled system called Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), which will be utilized in automatic system control to achieve maximum pos- sible load reduction during peak load periods. THE TOP TEN COFIIIERCIAL...

This paper develops a model for relating input current harmonic content to real power consumption for variable electronic loads, specifically for loads' actively controlled inverters energized by an uncontrolled rectification ...

Defining Load Management as influencing of customer loads in order to shift the time use of electric power and energy, encompasses a broad spectrum of activities at Houston Lighting & Power Company. This paper describes those activities by directing...

New natural gas liquefaction process using turbo expander has been developed to improve process thermal efficiency. The new process consists of precooling section which uses refrigerant with shell and tube heat exchangers or brazed aluminum plate-fin exchangers or spool wound heat exchanger and liquefaction section by iso-entropic expander. As a result of design study, thermal efficiency of the new liquefaction process has been confirmed to be in the highest level compared with other liquefaction processes. Also, since the new liquefaction process is constructed with commonly available equipment in industry, it can be readily adapted to base load LNG plants of any capacity without requiring expensive and specially designed equipment.

...contribute more to chimaeric load during development than...across chimaera treatments (data not shown). In some treatments...and C suffer chimaeric load (data not shown). This result...C to increase chimaeric load in the three-way mix...

...using national dietary data and the nutrient database...index and glycemic load values in the NIH-AARP...multivariate models (data not shown). After...intake of glycemic load did not change our...Management Service for data management. 1 Gapstur...status and post-load plasma glucose concentration...

in a standard load for the following reasons: Continued on next page #12;CRICOS Provider No. 00300K (NTReduced Study Load Application Form International Students on Student Visa CRICOS Provider No. 00300K (NT/VIC) | CRICOS Provider No. 03286A (NSW) Study Load Requirements International students

...bifurcation parameter (load) and frequency are scaled in powers of , which then...solution at the Maxwell load. From the derivatives...coefficients of like powers of : O() : Lu1...and the Maxwell load PM is excellent...above numerical data leads us to make...

that the load at each node in a preferential attachment network scales as a power of the degree of the node power-law degree distributions as compared to the scaling of the load versus degree. This emphasizes that the probability distribution for the load scales as p(l) 1/l with = 2.2. Subsequently, data for net- works

Â­ ber of data sets is pipelined through a series of tasks and load balancing is performedÂ­ mance and fully utilize the power of parallel machines the load of the computations must be distributedDynamic versus Static Load Balancing in a Pipeline Computation \\Lambda Anna Brunstrom brunstro

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The Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluations (SAPHIRE) is a software application developed for performing a complete probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) using a personal computer. SAPHIRE Version 8 is funded by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and developed by the Idaho National Laboratory. This report is intended to assist the user to enter PRA data into the SAPHIRE program using the built-in MAR-D ASCII-text file data transfer process. Towards this end, a small sample database is constructed and utilized for demonstration. Where applicable, the discussion includes how the data processes for loading the sample database relate to the actual processes used to load a larger PRA models. The procedures described herein were developed for use with SAPHIRE Version 8. The guidance specified in this document will allow a user to have sufficient knowledge to both understand the data format used by SAPHIRE and to carry out the transfer of data between different PRA projects.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the dent magnitude on the collapse behavior of a dented pipe subjected to a combined internal pressure and in-plane bending. The plastic collapse behavior and bending moment of the dented pipe containing several dent dimensions were evaluated using elasticplastic finite element (FE) analyses. The indenters used to manufacture the dents on the API 5L X65 pipe were hemispherical rods with diameters of 40, 80, 160 and 320 mm. Dent depths of 19, 38, 76, 114 and 152 mm were introduced to the pipe with a diameter of 762 mm and a wall thickness of 17.5 mm. A closing or opening in-plane bending load was applied to the dented pipes pressurized under an internal pressure equivalent to atmospheric pressure as well as pressures of 4, 8, and 16 MPa. The FE analyses results showed that the plastic collapse behavior of the dented pipes was significantly governed by the bending mode and the dent geometry. Moment-bending angle curves for the dented pipe were obtained from computer simulations and evaluated with a variety of factors in the FE analyses. The load bearing capacity of the dented pipes under the combined load was evaluated by TES (Twice Elastic Slope) moments. The load bearing capacity of the pipe containing up to a 5% dent depth of the outer diameter was not reduced in comparison to that of the plain pipe. The opening bending mode had a higher load bearing capacity than the closing bending mode under the combined load regardless of dent depth. The TES moment decreased with increasing dent depth and internal pressure regardless of the bending modes.

The dynamic and static performance of a flexure-pivot tilting pad bearing is presented at a load between pad configuration for various load and speed combinations. A similar work performed on the same bearing at lower loads ranging from 0-1 MPa (0...

We redefine the surface tension coefficient for a nuclear Fermi-liquid drop with a finite diffuse layer. Following Gibbs-Tolman concept, we introduce the equimolar radius R_e of sharp surface droplet at which the surface tension is applied and the radius of tension surface R_s which provides the minimum of the surface tension coefficient \\sigma. This procedure allows us to derive both the surface tension and the corresponding curvature correction (Tolman length) correctly for the curved and diffuse interface. We point out that the curvature correction depends significantly on the finite diffuse interface. This fact is missed in traditional nuclear considerations of curvature correction to the surface tension. We show that Tolman's length \\xi is negative for nuclear Fermi-liquid drop. The value of the Tolman length is only slightly sensitive to the Skyrme force parametrization and equals \\xi=-0.36 fm.

Quantization of electrodynamics in curved space-time in the Lorenz gauge and with arbitrary gauge parameter makes it necessary to study Green functions of non-minimal operators with variable coefficients. Starting from the integral representation of photon Green functions, we link them to the evaluation of integrals involving Gamma-functions. Eventually, the full asymptotic expansion of the Feynman photon Green function at small values of the world function, as well as its explicit dependence on the gauge parameter, are obtained without adding by hand a mass term to the Faddeev-Popov Lagrangian. Coincidence limits of second covariant derivatives of the associated Hadamard function are also evaluated, as a first step towards the energy-momentum tensor in the non-minimal case.

Vectorial analysis relating to derivation of deflection of light is presented. Curvilinear acceleration is distinguished from the Newtonian polar conic acceleration. The difference between the two is due to the curvature term. Lorentz invariant expression for acceleration is derived. A physical theory of rotation curves of galaxies based on second solution to Einstein's field equation is presented. Theory is applied to Milky Way, M31, NGC3198 and Solar system. Modified Kepler's third law yields correct orbital periods of stars in a galaxy. Deviation factor in the line element of the theory happens to be the ratio of the Newtonian gravitational acceleration to the measured acceleration of the star in the galaxy. Therefore this deviation factor can replace the MOND function.

The presence of nonlinear behavior in potentiodynamic polarization plots has resulted in difficulty in determining the Tafel constants from such plots. A FORTRAN-based program involving numerical-differentiation techniques was used to determine the existence of the Tafel regions. Various alloys polarized in synthetic seawater and a 3.5% NaCl solution were analyzed. Although severe concentration polarization often dominated the cathodic branches, the techniques employed did allow for the selection of regions that approached linear behavior. The effects of concentration polarization in hindering the determination of Tafel constants were exemplified by the uncovering of a cathodic branch containing a small region where only activation polarization dominated, followed by the onset and total domination of concentration polarization. A method of determining where the anodic and cathodic currents begin to dominate the potentiodynamic polarization curve is introduced.

We present self consistent calculations of Synchrotron self Compton (SSC) radiation that takes place within the afterglow blast wave and External inverse Compton (EIC) radiation that takes place when flare photons (produced by an internal process) pass through the blast wave. We show that if our current interpretations of the Swift XRT data are correct, there should be a canonical high energy afterglow emission light curve. We expect that GRBs with a long term X-ray flattening or X-ray flares should show similar high energy features. The EIC emission, however, is long lasting and weak and might be outshined by the SSC emission of the forward shock. The high energy emission could be well detected by the soon to be launched GLAST satellite. Its detection could shed new light on the conditions within the emitting regions of GRBs.

This test is being conducted as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Independent Testing project. This project was established to help reduce the barriers of wind energy expansion by providing independent testing results for small turbines. In total, four turbines are being tested at the NWTC as a part of this project. Duration testing is one of up to 5 tests that may be performed on the turbines, including power performance, safety and function, noise, and power quality tests. The results of the testing provide manufacturers with reports that may be used for small wind turbine certification. The test equipment includes a grid connected ARE 442 wind turbine mounted on a 30.5 meter (100 ft) lattice tower manufactured by Abundant Renewable Energy. The system was installed by the NWTC Site Operations group with guidance and assistance from Abundant Renewable Energy.

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has been developing the concept of using solid oxide fuel cells as electrolyzers for large-scale, high-temperature (efficient), hydrogen production. This program is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy under the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative. Utilizing a fuel cell as an electrolyzer introduces some inherent differences in cell operating conditions. In particular, the performance of fuel cells operated as electrolyzers degrades with time faster. This issue of electrolyzer cell and stack performance degradation over time has been identified as a major barrier to technology development. Consequently, the INL has been working together with Ceramatec, Inc. (Salt Lake City, Utah) to improve the long-term performance of high temperature electrolyzers. As part of this research partnership, the INL conducted a 2500 hour test of a Ceramatec designed and produced stack operated in the electrolysis mode. This report will provide a summary of experimental results for this long duration test.

The authors describe the design of an intense, pulsed, repetitive, neutral beam based on magnetically insulated diode technology for injection into ITER for spectroscopic measurements of thermalizing alpha particle and thermal helium density profiles, ion temperature, plasma rotation, and low Z impurity concentrations in the confinement region. The beam is being developed to enhance low signal-to-noise ratios expected with conventional steady-state ion beams because of severe beam attenuation and intense bremstrahlung emission. A 5 GW (e.g., 100 keV, 50 kA) one-microsecond-duration beam would increase the signal by 10{sup 3} compared to a conventional 5 MW beam with signal-to-noise ratios comparable to those from a chopped conventional beam in one second.

Probabilistic forecasting techniques have been used in many risk assessment and performance assessment applications on radioactive waste disposal projects such as Yucca Mountain and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Probabilistic techniques such as Monte Carlo and Latin Hypercube sampling methods are routinely used to treat uncertainties in physical parameters important in simulating radionuclide transport in a coupled geohydrologic system and assessing the ability of that system to comply with regulatory release limits. However, the use of probabilistic techniques in the treatment of uncertainties in the cost and duration of programmatic alternatives on risk and performance assessment projects is less common. Where significant uncertainties exist and where programmatic decisions must be made despite existing uncertainties, probabilistic techniques may yield important insights into decision options, especially when used in a decision analysis framework and when properly balanced with deterministic analyses. For relatively simple evaluations, these types of probabilistic evaluations can be made using personal computer-based software.

: Wael, Omar, Tamer, Ashraf and Hazem, who were always there for me. Your support and comfort have given me the strength to go through all the bad times. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER Page INTRODUCTION A. What is Load Sharing? B. Thesis Outline 2 4...

Abstract The long-term extreme value analysis of gear transmitted load due to the main shaft torque is presented. Two methods, the multibody simulations (MBS) and a simplified method, are demonstrated for the gear transmitted load calculation. The simplified method is verified by the MBS results. The long-term extreme value of the gear transmitted load for wind speeds from the cut-in to the cut-out values is calculated by the simplified method from the long-term distribution of the main shaft torque. Three statistical methods for long-term extreme value analysis of the main shaft torque in the offshore wind turbines are presented. They are then used to predict the extreme value of the gear transmitted load. An alternative approach, the design state or the environmental contour method is proposed and verified by the full long-term results. The methods are exemplified by a 5 MW gearbox case study. The results of this paper are the basis for further work in Ultimate Limit State (ULS) gear design.

the load balancing procedure into the following phases: load measurement, calculation of load averageThe Load Distribution Problem in a Processor Ring Francis C.M. Lau Department of Computer Science picture of the system load and the average load, the load distribution problem is to find a suitable

Physiological Model Physiological Model The Vehicle Ancillary Loads Reduction team developed a three-dimensional model to simulate human internal thermal physiological systems (muscle, blood, etc.) and thermoregulatory responses such as metabolic heat generation. The model was developed with ANSYS, a finite element software which computes heat flow by conduction, convection, and mass transport of the blood. A human tissue system model represents the human body, including the physiological and thermal properties of the tissues. The arms and legs consist of bone, muscle, fat, and skin. There are additional lung, abdominal, and brain tissues in the torso and head zones. The model calculates the conduction heat transfer based on the temperature gradients between the tissue nodes. Blood flow is modeled with a network of supply

A piezoelectric load cell which can be utilized for detecting collisions and obstruction of a robot arm end effector includes a force sensing element of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. The piezoelectric film sensing element and a resilient support pad are clamped in compression between upper and lower plates. The lower plate has a central recess in its upper face for supporting the support pad and sensing element, while the upper plate has a corresponding central projection formed on its lower face for bearing on the sensing element and support pad. The upper and lower plates are doweled together for concentric alignment and screwed together. The upper and lower plates are also adapted for mounting between the robot arm wrist and end effector. 3 figs.

A piezoelectric load cell which can be utilized for detecting collisions and obstruction of a robot arm end effector includes a force sensing element of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. The piezoelectric film sensing element and a resilient support pad are clamped in compression between upper and lower plates. The lower plate has a central recess in its upper face for supporting the support pad and sensing element, while the upper plate has a corresponding central projection formed on its lower face for bearing on the sensing element and support pad. The upper and lower plates are dowelled together for concentric alignment and screwed together. The upper and lower plates are also adapted for mounting between the robot arm wrist and end effector.

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A piezoelectric load cell which can be utilized for detecting collisions and obstruction of a robot arm end effector includes a force sensing element of metallized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film. The piezoelectric film sensing element and a resilient support pad are clamped in compression between upper and lower plates. The lower plate has a central recess in its upper face for supporting the support pad and sensing element, while the upper plate has a corresponding central projection formed on its lower face for bearing on the sensing element and support pad. The upper and lower plates are dowelled together for concentric alignment and screwed together. The upper and lower plates are also adapted for mounting between the robot arm wrist and end effector. 3 figs.

A series of experiments was conducted for the purpose of achieving a more fundamental understanding of the shaped charge liner shock loading environment. The test configuration, representing the middle portion of a shaped charge, consists of a 50 mm deep, 100 mm tall, and 2 mm thick copper plate driven by 50 mm deep, 100 mm tall, tapered thickness wedge of LX-14. An electrically driven 50 mm square flyer is used to surface initiate the base of the LX-14 causing a plane detonation wave to propagate into the explosive wedge along the liner surface. Fabry-Perot laser velocimetry measures the particle velocity time history of the plate. The CTH and DYNA2D hydrocodes are used to simulate the experiments. Calculations of the velocity profiles are compared to the experimental results. The effects of mesh density, copper material failure and strength models, and explosive detonation models are discussed.

A new catalyst-loading strategy reduced the fouling tendency of the gas oil hydrotreater guard reactors at Syncrude Canada Ltd.'s heavy-crude upgrading facilities. Studies conducted on the guard reactors were designed to determine the thermal stability of the coker gas oil and to understand the properties of the fouling material. Small particles (described as fines) were present in the upper section of the removed catalyst bed. This part of the bed was then replaced in one of three ways. One way was to replace the catalyst with used, nonregenerated catalyst, and cover the catalyst with nonactive support balls, 10 and 13 mm in diameter. The second way was to fill the entire space with nonactive support balls, and the third way was to fill with regenerated oxidic catalyst combined with semiactive support balls (unsulfided).

Analyses have shown that early rupture of the Mark-I boiling water reactor containment-by the direct action of core debris depends strongly on the time that core debris is superheated above its liquidus. The analyses of the duration of superheat in the core debris are compared to predictions obtained with the CORCON-MOD 3 computer code. The predicitons of this computer code as functions of the core debris mass, composition, and initial superheat are used to create a polynomial response surface. This response surface is used in a Monte Carlo analysis to produce probability distributions for the duration of superheat in core debris in the drywell of a Mark-I containment. It is concluded that to a high level of confidence (>90%) the duration of superheating predicted with the CORCON-MOD 3 code is less than what has been used in the analyses of the threats to the Mark-I containment liner. Based on these results, to the extent superheat duration dictates the threat to the liner, analyses in NUREG/CR-5423 would appear to overestimate the threat to the liner in comparison to threats estimated using the predictions of the duration of superheating obtained with CORCON-MOD 3.

In this calculation, GE-2000 cask of 25,000 lbs is assumed to drop from a height of 20-ft above the bottom of the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) pool slab with end velocity of 430 in/sec at the loading station. The consequences of the dynamic impact to the bottom slab of the pool and to the nearby HFIR reactor vessel are analyzed by applying ABAQUS computer code. The results show that both HFIR vessel structure and its supporting legs are subjected to elastic disturbances only and will not be damaged. The bottom slab of the pool will be damaged. The plastic strain that will cause failure to the concrete slab at the point of impact extends a distance approximately half of the slab thickness of 36 inches. The plastic strain of failure for concrete is assumed to be 0.45%. The velocity response spectrum at the concrete slab next to HFIR vessel as a result of the impact is also obtained. The maximum spectral velocity is approximately 10 in/sec. It is approximately equal to the maximum magnitude of the Oak Ridge velocity spectrum formulated recently with 0.26g peak ground acceleration and 5% damping. However, the peak ground acceleration that is associated with the impact generated response spectrum curve can be as much as 20g. The high frequency acceleration waves are generated in impact problems. It is concluded that the damage caused by heavy load drop at loading station is controlled by the slab damage. The damage of slab will not be severe enough to cause the leakage of pool water.

We propose an alternative variational principle whose critical point is the algebraic plane curve associated to a matrix model (the spectral curve, i.e. the large $N$ limit of the resolvent). More generally, we consider a variational principle that is equivalent to the problem of finding a plane curve with given asymptotics and given cycle integrals. This variational principle is not given by extremization of the energy, but by the extremization of an "entropy".

EF'FECTS OF A SHCRT DURATION GRAZING SYSIKN ON WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VZRGINIANUS) ZN THE RIO GRANDE PLAIN, TEXAS A Thesis by VIN LEIGH ALLRED Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas AdH University in partial fulfillment... of the requirement for the degree of YASTER OF SCIENCE Nay 1980 Major Subject: Pange Science EFFECTS OF' A SHORT DURATION GRAZING SYSTEM ON WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) IN THE RIO GRANDE PLAIN, TEXAS A Thesis by KEVIN LEIGH ALLRED Approved...

scriptEnv - loading modules before starting a script scriptEnv - loading modules before starting a script scriptEnv - loading modules before starting a script In some cases a script needs to load modules before the script can be executed, but it can often be inconvenient or impossible to provide wrapper scripts which load the needed modules. CGI scripts on the gpweb resources or in the NERSC portal environment which require the genepool-specific python/perl/R or databases configuration modules are a strong example of this. NERSC provides the scriptEnv as a custom drop-in replacement for /usr/bin/env. scriptEnv loads your selected modules to allow your scripts to run easily and reproducibly. After constructing your scriptEnv, you only need replace the shebang line of your script to use your custom scriptEnv

Load Balancing Of Parallel Load Balancing Of Parallel Monte Carlo Transport Calculations R.J. Procassini, M. J. O'Brien and J.M. Taylor Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551 The performance of parallel Monte Carlo transport calculations which use both spatial and particle parallelism is increased by dynamically assigning processors to the most worked domains. Since the particle work load varies over the course of the simulation, each cycle this algorithm determines if dynamic load balancing would speed up the calculation. If load balancing is required, a small number of particle communications are initiated in order to achieve load balance. This method has decreased the parallel run time by more than a factor of three for certain criticality

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E-science applications may require huge amounts of data and high processing power where grid infrastructures are very suitable for meeting these requirements. The load distribution in a grid may vary leading to the bottlenecks and overloaded sites. We describe a hierarchical dynamic load balancing protocol for Grids. The Grid consists of clusters and each cluster is represented by a coordinator. Each coordinator first attempts to balance the load in its cluster and if this fails, communicates with the other coordinators to perform transfer or reception of load. This process is repeated periodically. We analyze the correctness, performance and scalability of the proposed protocol and show from the simulation results that our algorithm balances the load by decreasing the number of high loaded nodes in a grid environment.

A new test methodology is described which allows access to loading rates that lie between split Hopkinson bar and shock-loading techniques. Gas gun experiments combined with velocity interferometry techniques have been used to experimentally determine the intermediate strain-rate loading behavior of Coors AD995 alumina and Cercom silicon-carbide rods. Graded-density materials have been used as impactors; thereby eliminating the tension states generated by the radial stress components during the loading phase. Results of these experiments demonstrate that the time-dependent stress pulse generated during impact allows an efficient transition from the initial uniaxial strain loading to a uniaxial stress state as the stress pulse propagates through the rod. This allows access to intermediate loading rates over 5 x 10{sup 3}/s to a few times 10{sup 4}/s.

Abstract Load dynamic characteristics classification and synthesis is the main approach to solve the problem of load time-variation. The basis and prerequisite of load dynamic characteristics classification is load dynamic characteristics feature extraction. Load model parameter space or the model response space gained by a standard voltage excitation is usually selected as the feature vector space in current practice of load dynamic characteristics feature extraction. However, both methods need to determine the load model structure and identify the model parameters. It would increase not only calculation error but also calculation time in the process of load model structure determination and parameter identification. Then the accuracy of the final classification results would be affected. It is reasonable and scientific to extract feature vector space of load dynamic characteristics directly from the measured response space. In this paper, a feature extraction method based on lifting wavelet packet transform is proposed for load dynamic characteristics classification. The load measured current response data is decomposed and reconstructed, then the wavelet packet coefficients can be extracted to construct energy moment based feature vector. On this basis, the load dynamic characteristics classification can be realized using fuzzy c-means (FCM) method. Finally, the validity and practicality of the proposed method have been proved by feature extraction and classification of dynamic simulation data acquired using Matlab/Simulink and field measurement data. Compared with traditional wavelet packet transform, the lifting wavelet packet transform has shown advantages both in computational speed and reconstruction error and can improve the accuracy of load dynamic characteristics classification.

We are using computer models to explore the observational sensitivity to changes in atmospheric and surface properties, and the detectability of biosignatures, in the globally averaged spectra and light-curves of the Earth. Using AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) data, as input for atmospheric and surface properties, we have generated spatially resolved high-resolution synthetic spectra using the SMART radiative transfer model, for a variety of conditions, from the UV to the far-IR (beyond the range of current Earth-based satellite data). We have then averaged over the visible disk for a number of different viewing geometries to quantify the sensitivity to surface types and atmospheric features as a function of viewing geometry, and spatial and spectral resolution. These results have been processed with an instrument simulator to improve our understanding of the detectable characteristics of Earth-like planets as viewed by the first generation extrasolar terrestrial planet detection and characterization missions (Terrestrial Planet Finder/Darwin and Life finder). The wavelength range of our results are modelled over are applicable to both the proposed visible coronograph and mid-infrared interferometer TPF architectures. We have validated this model against disk-averaged observations by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS TES). This model was also used to analyze Earth-shine data for detectability of planetary characteristics and biosignatures in disk-averaged spectra.

This paper describes numerical simulations that were performed to study laminar flow through a square duct with a 900 bend. The purpose of this work was two fold. First, an improved understanding was desired of the flow physics involved in the generation of secondary vortical flows in three-dimensions. Second, adaptive gridding techniques for structured grids in three- dimensions were investigated for the purpose of determining their utility in low Reynolds number, incompressible flows. It was also of interest to validate the commercial computer code CFD-ACE. Velocity predictions for both non-adaptive and adaptive grids are compared with experimental data. Flow visualization was used to examine the characteristics of the flow though the curved duct in order to better understand the viscous flow physics of this problem. Generally, moderate agreement with the experimental data was found but shortcomings in the experiment were demonstrated. The adaptive grids did not produce the same level of accuracy as the non-adaptive grid with a factor of four more grid points.

We previously obtained constraints on the viewing geometries of 6 Fermi LAT pulsars using a multiwavelength approach (Seyffert et al., 2011). To obtain these constraints we compared the observed radio and $\\gamma$-ray light curves (LCs) for those 6 pulsars by eye to LCs predicted by geometric models detailing the location and extent of emission regions in a pulsar magnetosphere. As a precursor to obtaining these constraints, a parameter study was conducted to reinforce our qualitative understanding of how the underlying model parameters effect the LCs produced by the geometric models. Extracting useful trends from the $\\gamma$-ray model LCs proved difficult though due to the increased complexity of the geometric models for the $\\gamma$-ray emission relative to those for the radio emission. In this paper we explore a second approach to investigating the interplay between the model parameters and the LC atlas. This approach does not attempt to understand how the set of model parameters influences the LC shapes ...

The minimal density model for negative streamer ionization fronts is investigated. An earlier moving boundary approximation for this model consisted of a kinetic undercooling type boundary condition in a Laplacian growth problem of Hele-Shaw type. Here we derive a curvature correction to the moving boundary approximation that resembles surface tension. The calculation is based on solvability analysis with unconventional features, namely, there are three relevant zero modes of the adjoint operator, one of them diverging; furthermore, the inner-outer matching ahead of the front must be performed on a line rather than on an extended region; and the whole calculation can be performed analytically. The analysis reveals a relation between the fields ahead and behind a slowly evolving curved front, the curvature and the generated conductivity. This relation forces us to give up the ideal conductivity approximation, and we suggest to replace it by a charge neutrality approximation. This implies that the electric potential in the streamer interior is no longer constant but solves a Laplace equation; this leads to a Muskat-type problem.

A next-generation linear collider is expected to span tens of kilometers in length. For various reasons, it may be desirable to house such an accelerator in a tunnel that follows the earth's curvature rather that in a 'laser-straight' tunnel. One side effect of opting for a curved linac is the introduction of vertical dispersion. In recent years, much work has been dedicated to understand and evaluate the impact of the presence of dispersion on emittance preservation. While performing simulations with our in-house code (CHEF) we observed a discrepancy between the dispersion function it produces and that computed using other codes in use within the accelerator community. Understanding the origin and the meaning of this discrepancy required a re-examination of the meaning of the concept of dispersion in the context of a linac. The object of this note is to document our findings. We establish that the default dispersion algorithm used by CHEF corresponds to a different, and ultimately more appropriate, definition of the dispersion in presence of acceleration. Not surprisingly, a consistent definition of dispersion restores agreement between codes.

INDUSTRIAL LOAD SHAPING: A UTILITY STRATEGY TO DEAL WITH COMPETITION DONALD BULES BULES AND ASSOCIATES SAN FRANCISCO, ABSTRACT In recent years competition from various sources such as cogeneration and bypass has led many utilities... to refocus attention on their large industrial customers. Industrial load shaping is a customized program involving cost-effective process modifications and operational changes which result in a restructuring of the electric load profile of individual...

We derive the averaged equations describing a series array of Josephson junctions shunted by a parallel inductor-resistor-capacitor load. We assume that the junctions have negligable capacitance ($\\beta = 0$), and derive averaged equations which turn out to be completely tractable: in particular the stability of both in-phase and splay states depends on a single parameter, $\\del$. We find an explicit expression for $\\delta$ in terms of the load parameters and the bias current. We recover (and refine) a common claim found in the technical literature, that the in-phase state is stable for inductive loads and unstable for capacitive loads.

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The powder-in-tube technique has been used to fabricate Cu-sheathed magnesium diboride (MgB2) wires using an in situ reaction method. The effects of high heating rate, short duration heat treatments of MgB2/Cu wires were studied by means of optical and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, resistivity, ?(T), and susceptibility, ?'(T), measurements. The transport critical currents, Ic(B), of the wires were measured using both direct current in a constant field and pulse fieldpulse current methods. Usage of high heating rates allows the processes of interest to occur in conditions closer to isothermal, which permits the influences of heat treatment time and temperature to be more readily distinguished. The results show that the microstructure and properties of the MgB2/Cu wires are strongly dependent on the heat treatment temperature but quite insensitive to the reaction time: a short heat treatment for 5 min at 700?°C was sufficient for obtaining the highest critical current achieved in this work.

Sea-anchored balloons are stratospheric super-pressure balloons that are anchored to the sea. The sea-anchored balloon is a simple system that has the capability for long-duration flights, fixed-point observations, flexible launch windows, easy telemetry links to ground stations, and quick recoveries. Such balloons are not required to fly through the jet stream while tethered to the ground or sea, because the tether is deployed from a reel on the balloon after reaching a floating altitude. In this study, the feasibility of the sea-anchored balloon is investigated, with particular emphasis on the tether strength, balloon altitude, and system mass, based on the present technological level of the tethers specific strength. Although the wind distribution with altitude is a dominant factor for feasibility, a sea-anchored balloon with an altitude of about 25 km would be feasible if the velocity of the jet stream is sufficiently low. The sea-anchored balloon can be simply flight-tested, since additional ground facilities and special flight operations are not necessary.

Scaffolding proteins that direct the assembly of multiple kinases into a spatially localized signaling complex are often essential for the maintenance of an appropriate biological response. Although scaffolds are widely believed to have dramatic effects on the dynamics of signal propagation, the mechanisms that underlie these consequences are not well understood. Here, Monte Carlo simulations of a model kinase cascade are used to investigate how the temporal characteristics of signaling cascades can be influenced by the presence of scaffold proteins. Specifically, we examine the effects of spatially localizing kinase components on a scaffold on signaling dynamics. The simulations indicate that a major effect that scaffolds exert on the dynamics of cell signaling is to control how the activation of protein kinases is distributed over time. Scaffolds can influence the timing of kinase activation by allowing for kinases to become activated over a broad range of times, thus allowing for signaling at both early and late times. Scaffold concentrations that result in optimal signal amplitude also result in the broadest distributions of times over which kinases are activated. These calculations provide insights into one mechanism that describes how the duration of a signal can potentially be regulated in a scaffold mediated protein kinase cascade. Our results illustrate another complexity in the broad array of control properties that emerge from the physical effects of spatially localizing components of kinase cascades on scaffold proteins.

and in the evaluation of existing buildings and retrofit methods. Capacity curves for the overall structure and for each story level are established from an inelastic pushover analysis. The pushover analysis is based on stiffness dependent story shear demands. Seismic...

Hourly observational records and 6-hourly reanalysis data were used to investigate the influences of large-scale forcings on the diurnal variation of summer rainfall along the Yangtze River (YR). The results show that long-duration (more than six ...

AUDIO SEGMENT RETRIEVAL USING A SHORT DURATION EXAMPLE QUERY Atulya Velivelli, ChengXiang Zhai propose a general approach to audio segment re- trieval using a synthesized HMM. The approach allows a user to query audio data by an example audio segment of a short dura- tion and find similar segments

1 RESEARCH STUDENT HANDBOOK Students should retain this Handbook for the duration of their research the University tries to ensure that the information contained in this Prospectus, or coursefinder/handbook is accurate it does not accept liability for any inaccuracies. In exceptional circumstances the University

Sample records for load duration curves from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
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The rising luminosity of the recent, nearby supernova 2011fe shows a quadratic dependence with time during the first Almost-Equal-To 0.5-4 days. In addition, studies of the composite light curves formed from stacking together many Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) have found similar power-law indices for the rise, but may also show some dispersion that may indicate diversity. I explore what range of power-law rises are possible due to the presence of radioactive material near the surface of the exploding white dwarf (WD). I summarize what constraints such a model places on the structure of the progenitor and the distribution and velocity of ejecta. My main conclusion is that for the inferred explosion time for SN 2011fe, its rise requires an increasing mass fraction X {sub 56} Almost-Equal-To (4-6) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -2} of {sup 56}Ni distributed between a depth of Almost-Equal-To 10{sup -2} and 0.3 M {sub Sun} below the WD's surface. Radioactive elements this shallow are not found in simulations of a single C/O detonation. Scenarios that may produce this material include helium-shell burning during a double-detonation ignition, a gravitationally confined detonation, and a subset of deflagration to detonation transition models. In general, the power-law rise can differ from quadratic depending on the details of the velocity, density, and radioactive deposition gradients in a given event. Therefore, comparisons of this work with observed bolometric rises of SNe Ia would place strong constraints on the properties of the shallow outer layers, providing important clues for identifying the elusive progenitors of SNe Ia.

Unruh-DeWitt particle detector models are studied in a variety of time-dependent and time-independent settings. We work within the framework of first-order perturbation theory and couple the detector to a massless scalar field. The necessity of switching on (off) the detector smoothly is emphasised throughout, and the transition rate is found by taking the sharp-switching limit of the regulator-free and finite response function. The detector is analysed on a variety of spacetimes: $d$-dimensional Minkowski, the Ba\\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole, the two-dimensional Minkowski half-plane, two-dimensional Minkowski with a receding mirror, and the two- and four-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes. In $d$-dimensional Minkowski spacetime, the transition rate is found to be finite up to dimension five. In dimension six, the transition rate diverges unless the detector is on a trajectory of constant proper acceleration, and the implications of this divergence to the global embedding spacetime (GEMS) methods are studied. In three-dimensional curved spacetime, the transition rate for the scalar field in an arbitrary Hadamard state is found to be finite and regulator-free. Then on the Ba\\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole spacetime, we analyse the detector coupled to the field in the Hartle-Hawking vacua, under both transparent and reflective boundary conditions at infinity. Results are presented for the co-rotating detector, which responds thermally, and for the radially-infalling detector. In four-dimensional Schwarzschild spacetime, we proceed numerically, and the Hartle-Hawking, Boulware and Unruh vacua rates are compared. Results are presented for the case of the static detectors, which respond thermally, and also for the case of co-rotating detectors.

Guided wave tomography is being developed as an effective tool for continuous monitoring of corrosion and erosion depth in pipelines. A pair of transmit- and receive-ring arrays of ultrasonic transducers encircles the pipe and delimits the section to be monitored. In curved ray tomography (CRT), the depth profile is estimated from the time delay matrix, ??, whose ij-th entry is the phase traveltime difference between the current and baseline signals measured between transducers i and j of the transmit and receive-ring arrays, respectively. Under perfectly stable experimental conditions, the non-zero entries of ?? are only due to the occurrence of damage and provide a reliable input to CRT. However, during field operation, ?? can develop non-zero entries due to a number of environmental changes ranging from temperature variations to degradation of transducer-pipe coupling and transducer intrinsic performance. Here, we demonstrate that these sources of instability can be eliminated by exploiting the spatial diversity of array measurements in conjunction with EMAT transducer technology which is intrinsically stable owing to its non-contact nature. The study is based on a full-scale experiment performed on a schedule 40, 8 diameter, 3 m length steel pipe, monitored with two EMAT ring arrays. It is shown that for an irregularly shaped defect the proposed method yields maximum depth estimations that are as accurate as single point ultrasonic thickness gaging measurements and over a wide temperature range up to 175°C. The results indicate that advanced inversion schemes in combination with EMAT transduction offer great potential for continuously monitoring the progression of corrosion or erosion damage in the oil and gas industry.

Geodesic Completeness for Sobolev Metrics on the Space of Immersed Plane Curves Martins Bruveris on the space of immersed plane curves. We show that the geodesic equation for Sobolev-type met- rics is geodesically com- plete. We find lower bounds for the geodesic distance in terms of curvature and its

Quasi-classical picture of motion of spin 1/2 massless particle in a curved spacetime is built on base of simple Lagrangian model. The one is constructed due to analogy with Lagrangian of massive spin 1/2 particle. Equations of motion and spin propagation coincide with Papapetrou equations describing dynamic of photon in a curved spacetime.

Quasi-classical picture of motion of spin 1/2 massive particle in a curved spacetime is built on base of simple Lagrangian model. The one is constructed due to analogy with Lagrangian of massive vector particle. Equations of motion and spin propagation coincide with Papapetrou equations describing dynamic of classical spinning particle in a curved spacetime.

......the mean draught of the ship, and g is the acceleration...but only the com- bined effects of wave resistance and...POLYNOMIAL REPRESENTATION OF SHIP SECTION AREA CURVES 61...POLYNOMIAL REPRESENTATION OF SHIP SECTION AREA CURVES 53...xm, so that the effect of passing from yn(x......

. The power coefficient indicates the effi- ciency of a turbine capturing the wind energy, and it is optimized and Industrial Engineering, 3131 Seamans Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 Â­ 1527, USA a r t i of wind turbines is presented. Turbine performance is captured with a power curve. The power curves

Soil-Water Characteristic Curve Modeling at Low Water Content: Empirical and Semi model, the Modified Kovacs (MK) model for the determination of soil-water characteristic curve at the low water contents of two horizons of a soil from Burkina Faso. Combining terms from capillary state

Fabrication of curved-line nanostructures on membranes for transmission electron microscopy, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom Available online 28 February 2006 Abstract We have fabricated curved-line ferromagnetic nanostructures on membranes for transmission electron microscopy investigations of the equilibrium

In this paper, we present a load-based micro-indentation technique for evaluating material mechanical properties as well as degradation evaluation and debonding/spallation detection of thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials. Instead of using contact area as a necessary parameter, the new technique is based on the indentation load. Coupled with a multiple-partial unloading procedure during the indentation process, this technique results in a load-depth sensing indentation system capable of determining Youngs modulus of metals, superalloys, and single crystal matrices, and stiffness of coated material systems with flat, tubular, or curved architectures. This micro-indentation technique can be viewed as a viable non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for determining as-manufactured and process-exposed metal, superalloy, single crystal, and TBC-coated material properties. This technique also shows promise for the development of a portable instrument for on-line, in-situ NDE and mechanical properties measurement of structural components.

This report summarizes testing activities performed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to verify the cone penetrometer load cell can withstand the tank conditions present in 241-AN-101 and 241-AN-106. The tests demonstrated the load cell device will operate under the elevated temperature and radiation levels expected to be encountered during tank farm deployment of the device.

Dimensional analysis of impulse loading resulting from detonation of shallow-buried charges Mica for the problem of impulse loading experienced by target structures (e.g. vehicle hull) due to detonation-overburden stretching and acceleration before the associated sand bubble bursts and venting of the gaseous detonation