PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object-relational database system. It has more than 15 years of active development and a proven architecture that has earned it a strong reputation for reliability, data integrity, and correctness.

It is fully ACID compliant, has full support for foreign keys, joins, views, triggers, and stored procedures (in multiple languages). It includes most SQL:2008 data types, including INTEGER, NUMERIC, BOOLEAN, CHAR, VARCHAR, DATE, INTERVAL, and TIMESTAMP.

* Fix pg_upgrade's handling of TOAST tablesThe pg_class.relfrozenxid value for TOAST tables was not correctly copied into the new installation during pg_upgrade. This could later result in pg_clog files being discarded while they were still needed to validate tuples in the TOAST tables, leading to "could not access status of transaction" failures.This error poses a significant risk of data loss for installations that have been upgraded with pg_upgrade. This patch corrects the problem for future uses of pg_upgrade, but does not in itself cure the issue in installations that have been processed with a buggy version of pg_upgrade.* Suppress incorrect "PD_ALL_VISIBLE flag was incorrectly set" warningVACUUM would sometimes issue this warning in cases that are actually valid.* Use better SQLSTATE error codes for hot standby conflict cases All retryable conflict errors now have an error code that indicates that a retry is possible. Also, session closure due to the database being dropped on the master is now reported as ERRCODE_DATABASE_DROPPED, rather than ERRCODE_ADMIN_SHUTDOWN, so that connection poolers can handle the situation correctly.* Prevent intermittent hang in interactions of startup process with bgwriter processThis affected recovery in non-hot-standby cases.* Disallow including a composite type in itselfThis prevents scenarios wherein the server could recurse infinitely while processing the composite type. While there are some possible uses for such a structure, they don't seem compelling enough to justify the effort required to make sure it always works safely.* Avoid potential deadlock during catalog cache initializationIn some cases the cache loading code would acquire share lock on a system index before locking the index's catalog. This could deadlock against processes trying to acquire exclusive locks in the other, more standard order.* Fix dangling-pointer problem in BEFORE ROW UPDATE trigger handling when there was a concurrent update to the target tupleThis bug has been observed to result in intermittent "cannot extract system attribute from virtual tuple" failures while trying to do UPDATE RETURNING ctid. There is a very small probability of more serious errors, such as generating incorrect index entries for the updated tuple.* Disallow DROP TABLE when there are pending deferred trigger events for the tableFormerly the DROP would go through, leading to "could not open relation with OID nnn" errors when the triggers were eventually fired.* Allow "replication" as a user name in pg_hba.conf"replication" is special in the database name column, but it was mistakenly also treated as special in the user name column.* Prevent crash triggered by constant-false WHERE conditions during GEQO optimization* Improve planner's handling of semi-join and anti-join cases * Fix handling of SELECT FOR UPDATE in a sub-SELECTThis bug typically led to "cannot extract system attribute from virtual tuple" errors.* Fix selectivity estimation for text search to account for NULLs* Fix get_actual_variable_range() to support hypothetical indexes injected by an index adviser plugin* Fix PL/Python memory leak involving array slices* Allow libpq's SSL initialization to succeed when user's home directory is unavailableIf the SSL mode is such that a root certificate file is not required, there is no need to fail. This change restores the behavior to what it was in pre-9.0 releases.* Fix libpq to return a useful error message for errors detected in conninfo_array_parseA typo caused the library to return NULL, rather than the PGconn structure containing the error message, to the application.* Fix ecpg preprocessor's handling of float constants* Fix parallel pg_restore to handle comments on POST_DATA items correctly* Fix pg_restore to cope with long lines (over 1KB) in TOC files* Put in more safeguards against crashing due to division-by-zero with overly enthusiastic compiler optimization* Support use of dlopen() in FreeBSD and OpenBSD on MIPS There was a hard-wired assumption that this system function was not available on MIPS hardware on these systems. Use a compile-time test instead, since more recent versions have it.* Fix compilation failures on HP-UX* Avoid crash when trying to write to the Windows console very early in process startup* Support building with MinGW 64 bit compiler for Windows* Fix version-incompatibility problem with libintl on Windows * Fix usage of xcopy in Windows build scripts to work correctly under Windows 7 This affects the build scripts only, not installation or usage.* Fix path separator used by pg_regress on Cygwin* Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2011f for DST law changes in Chile, Cuba, Falkland Islands, Morocco, Samoa, and Turkey; also historical corrections for South Australia, Alaska, and Hawaii.