Storage controllers appear to VMs as different types of SCSI controllers such as the below. VMware documentation around controllers can be found here.

BusLogic Parallel

LSI Logic Parallel

LSI Logic SAS

VMware Paravirtual SCSI

AHCI SATA

The default controller type is different depending on the quest operating system selected during the VM creation and each VM has a maximum of four SCSI controllers and four SATA controllers. Other limitations are as follows

LSI Logic SAS and VMware Paravirtual SCSI are available for virtual machines with ESXi 4.x and later
compatibility

AHCI SATA is available only for virtual machines with ESXi 5.5 and later compatibility

BusLogic Parallel controllers do not support virtual machines with disks larger than 2TB

To add a new controller open the Web Client – VM – Edit Settings – New Device – Add. Choose either SCSI controller or SATA.

Select the type of controller

VMware have a good blog on the different types of SCSI controllers see here. To change the settings first power down the VM, changes can affect the boot of the VM so make sure the changes are compatible from the above VMware documentation.

Configure .vmx file for advanced configuration scenarios

Virtual machines are made up of a small number of files, one of those is the .vmx file known as the configuration file. It is possible to manually edit this and the exam objectives doesnt give any more details other than that. To edit a .vmx file I need to first open it, I can open it using the Web Client or a text editor. To configure the vmx file using the Web Client I edit settings on a VM (must be powered off) VM Options – Advanced – Edit Configuration.

Changes can be made here such as changing the vNIC type. As a test I will change the vNIC type from VMXNET3 to E1000E by changing the .vmx file direct. I will change it by using WinSCP, first I connect to the host and browse to the datastore and open the folder to where the VM is running. I then open the .vmx file

I find the line that relates to my vNIC card

I change this to e1000e and save

Once save I can power back up the VM and go to settings to see the e1000e card is now running

Referring to the VMware documentation changing the .vmx file is mentioned in relating to security consideration when configuring VMware tools. Features such as copy and paste can be enabled / disabled. See the section of VMware documentation here.

Configure a virtual machine for Hot Add features

To change vCPU and vRAM settings the VM must be powered off by default, it is possible to enable hot add feature for vCPU and vRAM but it must be enabled first. The prerequisites are as follows

Upgrading virtual machine hardware and VMware Tools is a common task that if you are looking at doing the VCAP exam you would have done this many times. To upgrade virtual machine hardware open the Web Client and right click one the relevant VM – Compatibility – Upgrade VM Compatibility