the flight taken by a virgin queen while she mates in the air with several drones.

Nectar

a sweet liquid secreted in flowers and on leaves of plants

Nuc box

A small hive used to start new colonies after splitting a hive.

Nuptial flights

a series of mating excursions made by a young queen

Nurse bee

A bee in the first stage of its life. It spends its time feeding brood and maintaining the hive.

Organism

a organism is a lifeform

Orientation flights

flights taken by house bees in preparation for becoming foragers

Phaenotyp

Characteristica of an individuum

Pheromones

Chemical substances for communication in the bee hive

Pistil

A flower's central organ that contains the stigma, style and ovary

Pollen

male reproduction unit of plants, essential for the bee organism

Pollen Basket

A smooth area on the hind leg of a bee surrounded by stiff hairs. It is used for carrying pollen.

Pollen insert

a device inserted in the entrance of a colony into which hand-collected pollen is placed. As the bees leave the hive and pass through the trap, some of the pollen adheres to their bodies and is carried to the blossom, resulting in cross-pollination.

Pollen patties

A mixture of pollen, honey, and a pollen supplement fed to colonies in early spring.

Pollen substitute

any material such as soybean flour, powdered skim milk, brewer's yeast, or a mixture of these used in place of pollen to stimu late brood rearing.

Pollination

the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower

Pollinizer

the plant source of pollen used for pollination.

Prime swarm

the first swarm to leave the par ent colony, usually with the old queen.

Pupa

(plural, pupae) - final stage of a developing bee; sealed brood

Queen

Normally only one in a colony, she is the authority who controlls the colony, only she lays eggs. From egg until queen, there are only 16 days.

Queen

a female bee that lays all the eggs in the colony

Queen cage candy

candy made by kneading powdered sugar with invert sugar syrup until it forms a stiff dough; used as food in queen cages.

Queen cell

a special vertically hanging cell used to place an egg that will become a queen

Queen excluder

A device for keeping the queen out of the honey supers

Re-Queening

Introducing a new queen into a colony.

Rendering wax

the process of melting combs and cappings and removing refuse from the wax.

Robbing

stealing of nectar, or honey, by bees from other colonies.

Royal jelly

food for queen larvae

Scout bees

bees that search and select a new hive site

Self-pollination

the transfer of pollen from an ther to stigma of the same plant.

Skep

a straw hive without movable frames

Slumgum

the refuse from melted comb and cappings after the wax has been rendered or removed.

Smoker

A device for introducing smoke into a hive.

Solar wax extractor

a glass-covered insulated box used to melt wax from combs and cappings by the heat of the sun.

Spermatheca

a pouch-like stucture on a queen's abdomen for storing sperm

Stamen

The male part of a flower where pollen-producing anther are borne

Stinger

1/8'' long hollow tube with a barbed tip attached to a pocket at the end of the abdomen used to eject venom

Streptococcus pluton

bacterium that causes European foulbrood.

Sugar Shake method

A means of trapping mites

Sugar Syrup

A 2:1 mixture of sugar and water by volume.

Super

section of a mangaed hive used for honey storage, typically above the brood chamber

Supercedure

the taking over of an old queen by a daughter queen

Supersedure

a natural replacement of an established queen by a daughter in the same hive. Shortly after the young queen commences to lay eggs, the old queen disappears.

Swarm

The natural division of a bee colony. A swarm of the weight of 3 kg contains 1 kg honey. The beekeeper trys to supress swarming.

Swarm Cells

Comb cells used for rearing new queens.

Terramycin

an antibiotic used to prevent American and European foulbrood.

Thorax

latain, Body, the middle section of an insect body to which the wings and legs are attached

Tracheal mites

A parasitic mite.

Transferring

the process of changing bees and combs from common boxes to movable frame hives.

Travel stain

the dark discoloration on the sur face of comb honey left on the hive for some time, caused by bees tracking propolis over the surface.

Uncapping knife

a knife used to shave or re move the cappings from combs of sealed honey prior to extraction; usually heated by steam or electricity.

Uniting

combining two or more colonies to form a larger colony

Varroa

Mite, who could kill as a parasite of bees in the end the bee colony. The mite start to leech haemolymphe in the bee stadium larvae, that effects a misbuilded adult bee. If too many bees dies of that, the bee colony dies too.

Venom allergy

a condition in which a person, when stung, may experience a variety of symp toms ranging from a mild rash or itchiness to anaphylactic shock. A person who is stung and experiences abnormal symptoms should consult a physician before working bees again.

Venom hypersensitivity

a condition in which a person, if stung, is likely to experience an aphylactic shock. A person with this condition should carry an emergency insect sting kit at all times during warm weather.

Virgin queen

an unmated queen

Wax lid

A lid made by building bees to cap cells and help store the honey

Winter cluster

the arrangement of adult bees within the hive during winter

Worker bee

an unmated female bee

Worker comb

comb measuring about five cells to the inch, in which workers are reared and honey and pollen are stored.