Do you want to refinance your mortgage under the Home Affordable Refinance program? Good luck. The plan is confusing and confounding.

For example, under the program, lenders are supposed to refinance loans with mortgage insurance. But they are evasive about whether they will. You might as well ask a general about troop movements in wartime.

Another example: Last month, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac announced that they would refinance mortgages at up to 125 percent of current market value. Sounds great -- but borrowers will have to wait.

Background: In February, the Obama administration announced the Making Home Affordable initiative to prevent foreclosures. A major part of the plan is the Home Affordable Refinance program, known in the mortgage industry as HARP. It's designed to let homeowners refinance even if they owe more than the house is currently worth because of a decline in property value.

Initially, the Home Affordable Refinance program was set to allow people to refinance for an amount up to 105 percent of the current value of the home, as long as the mortgage was owned or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. (See Bankrate's loan-to-value calculator.) Last month, that upper limit was raised to 125 percent, meaning that someone could refinance for $125,000 on a house whose appraised value has plunged to $100,000.

Things haven't turned out as planned. The Obama administration had expected up to 2 million homeowners to take advantage of the refinancing program by its expiration date of June 10, 2010. But four months into the 16-month program, about 13,000 refinances had been completed, meaning that it was on track to help 52,000 homeowners, or about 1,950,000 homeowners shy of the administration's goal. That shortfall is equivalent to the number of houses and apartments in all of Kentucky.

Shaun Donovan, secretary of Housing and Urban Development, has said that the pace of refinances will pick up. Industry insiders echo that assessment and say that the refinancing initiative was slow to begin because of its complexity. But that doesn't erase the fact that the plan won't be fully operational until October at the earliest -- halfway into HARP's lifespan.

Misconception and reality

The following is a list of misconceptions that homeowners have about the refinancing program and what's really going on.

Misconception: If your mortgage is owned or guaranteed by Freddie Mac, you have to refinance with the current servicer.

The reality: From the outset, Fannie Mae's policy was to let homeowners switch to another lender if they wanted to. But Freddie Mac required borrowers to stick with the current servicer (probably because Freddie didn't want to alienate its biggest customer, Wells Fargo).

Now Freddie has quietly changed its policy. Homeowners with Freddie-owned mortgages will be able to refinance with the lender of their choice.

Naturally, there's a complication. Freddie will begin taking delivery of these switched-lender refis beginning Sept. 1. Theoretically, a lender could close one of these refis today, in July, and wait until September to sell the loan to Freddie. In practice, that's unlikely, and borrowers will have to close on those loans after the beginning of September. But they might be able to apply and get the ball rolling a few weeks before.

Misconception: All mortgage servicers are required to participate in the Home Affordable Refinance program.

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The reality: Mortgage companies don't have to participate. One holdout is Provident Funding. The Burlingame, Calif., lender was the eighth-largest mortgage originator in the first quarter of 2009, according to National Mortgage News.

Provident's no-refi policy has been problematic for customers with Freddie-owned loans because of Freddie's initial ban on refinancing with another lender. Searching for a loophole, one Bankrate reader found a section of the Making Home Affordable Web site that read, "In addition, all servicers for loans owned by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are required to participate." But that sentence referred to the mortgage modification program, not the refinance program.

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