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Towards A GIS Methodology for Disaster Risk Assessments

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Introduction

Disaster Management Plans (S 39 and 53), the prerequisite of which is a Disaster Risk Assessment.

Department of Local Government: Disaster Risk Reduction is mandated to facilitate and coordinate the reduction of potential risks posed by hazards in the province.

Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Act (Act 54 of 2003)

Aims to establish, via the Committee for Spatial Information (CSI), standards and procedure to promote information sharing and minimise duplication of datasets.

Reliable, up-to-date spatial data describes the current, on the ground situation that could influence decisions relating to emergency response e.g. access to roads.

Incorrect or outdated information could therefore directly impact on the quality of decision-making and hence on the quality of the response to disaster situations

Towards a GIS Methodology for Disaster Risk Assessments

Benefit of GIS

Towards a GIS Methodology for Disaster Risk Assessments

Disaster Management Cycle

Adapted from Godschalk D R, 1991

Towards a GIS Methodology for Disaster Risk Assessments

Scope

Focus area: West Coast District Municipality

Discussion of GIS methodology in a disaster risk context

Use of available GIS data relevant to the disaster risk assessment

Excluding aggregated data

Aim:

Developing a GIS based methodology applicable to Disaster Risk Management

Focus on a multidisciplinary approach based on community participation and scientific input from a broad range of experts and GIS

Increase efficiency and improve the quality of decision-making in all level of disaster management activities.

Towards a GIS Methodology for Disaster Risk Assessments

Definitions

As per West Coast Disaster Risk Assessment:

Capacity: The combination of all strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society or organisation that can be used to achieve agreed goals.

Disaster: A progressive or sudden, widespread or localised, natural or human-caused occurrence. A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

Hazard: A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

Risk: The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences.

Vulnerability: The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.