An image of the sun based on data gathered by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory on July 10, 2014. (Source: NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory)

I spotted this image on the Facebook page for NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory and found it so compelling that I had to share it.

The brilliant arcing loops of hot plasma, and the roiling bright areas certainly caught my attention. But I was most intrigued by the two bluish, dark regions, especially the one atop the Sun. If you didn’t know much about solar dynamics, you might guess that the Sun really has blown its top.

And in a way, you’d be right — sort of.

The dark areas are called coronal holes — places in the Sun’s corona, or outer atmosphere, where magnetic field lines open out into interplanetary space, rather than loop back down toward the sun. This allows particles from the corona to escape more freely into space from these regions.

Particles stream out into space from all over the corona at high-speed, creating the solar wind. But lately, more particles have been blowing outward from the top and bottom region. In fact, the rate of escape is three times faster than the slower wind elsewhere. So in these areas, the material is much less dense and relatively cooler, and thus much darker in the image.

In this way, they really are “holes” — areas where the corona, which extends millions of miles into space, has blown off much more material than elsewhere and thus is much thinner.

The image itself is actually a composite of three views, each showing features of the corona at different temperatures (which range from 1.8 million degrees to 3.6 million degrees F). In contrast to the dark coronal holes, solar flares and coronal mass ejections appear bright in the image. Also visible are bright coronal loops — hot plasma arcing off of the Sun along magnetic field lines.

For more details about coronal holes, see this detailed post by Discover contributor Cory Powell.

This team
have made up great job about the Sun exploration, but to study something like a
star event most closest – our Sun is far more difficult and need long
observation at least hundred if not thousands of years! But let me explain the
mechanism of Sun’s magnetic pole changing according to following physical
supposition: I have to explain
why the Sun actually synthesis much heavier elements than helium, until to
uranium and why each sphere object such as planets, moons and stars compulsory
possesses nucleus from super material representing nuclear chain with huge
density and common magnetic moment (in our solar system that nuclear chain is
forms most probably by uranium nuclei)? In part I and part II USM http://www.kanevuniverse.com
is shown why the gravitational field has inertial character and what
means this. Summarizing it is repulsion between the atoms (nuclei) when they
are thickened so close by the outside applying pressure for example, that atoms
(nuclei) cannot create their own fields (there aren’t place for that) and to
restore the equilibrium between the centripetal and centrifugal forces in any
such orbital system, there appears the force of repulsion. There is important
to suggest that the outside pressure must to be in volume mode, because if it
isn’t the matter simply will flow away where absent pressure. So we are ready
to examine the following example: We know very well that when we sink in the
ocean our spot pressure is increases for about 1kg/(cm.cm) in each 10 meter depth-water, so if we are in
1000 meters depth-water, the pressure will be 100kg/(cm.cm) or so, but this it
isn’t volume pressure and the repulsion reaction by the water molecules is
ignorable because the pressure is relatively weak! So what will happen in the
center of Earth, for example? The pressure increases in volume mode and we have
repulsion as well. Then according to the formula g=G.M/(r.r) the pressure will
become almost infinity when the radius (r) inclining to zero! Obviously each
object even smallest moons has nucleus, it maybe centimeter’s size, but exist!
That is why the Sun synthesis any heaviest nuclei until uranium….. why until
uranium, but not more heaver elements and why the uranium is the last stable
element in the nature table you can see in USM http://www.kanevuniverse.com especially pages 235 to 238.

Mercury as
well the other planets in the solar system was born from the Sun because all
planets centripetal acceleration fulfills the rule: g=(V.C/R).ln(1+V/C), where R – is the distance
between the planet and the Sun, V=w.R, where w – is the angular velocity of the
equatorial area of the Sun. See USM part I http://www.kanevuniverse.com
Obtained result coincides with the same acceleration estimated by the
law: g=G.M/(r.r) Second important suggestion is that the Sun in fact synthesis
all nature element until uranium, but not only iron how was estimated so far.
It is so because of the essence of the field, see again Part I USM. So the core
of the Sun is contains from super dense and therefore with huge gravitational
attraction material – nuclear chain, most probably from uranium nuclei, see
joromachine http://www.kanevuniverse.com and with super strong common magnetic moment. That is
why the Sun changes its magnetic poles for about 11 years or so – because of
the interaction between this core and the plasma surrounding it. How it is seen
this core reminds the so called “neutron star”, which of course hasn’t any
physical means because such creation is impossible, as well this is in force
about the so called “black hole”. Such core possesses any star, even any planet
but the difference is only in the size of the core – in smallest objects this
core can be only centimeter’s radius (see again USM and essence of the field).
The size of the core of our Sun is around 70 km in radius (see USM). For
example proof about this assertion we can find out in rings and moons of Saturn,
in their different direction of revolving (some of them), which shows that the
core of Saturn also changes its polarization, similarly to the Sun, but very
slowly, because the Saturn is far smaller and far cooler than the Sun. Now we
can suppose that Mercury (because it was born from the Sun last in line) has
most large quantity of heaviest elements in comparison with the rest of the
planets and that is why Mercury is most dense object in the solar system. Maybe
the core of Mercury is responsible for volcanic activity there and maybe it is
in force about all planets?! And this: What will happen with our Sun when
the end begins? Let first remind again the supernova event evolution:

The heavier
elements which aren’t form solid stuff of the star will come to disintegration
when the pressure and temperature within its volume reach the following values: 2.10 rising to a 27 power [kg/(cm.cm)];
3.10 rising to a 11 power [K degree] see USM http://www.kanevuniverse.com
The same is corresponds to the evolution of the neutron’s stars. When
the fuel of the some star comes to its end, which means that not only the
thermonuclear synthesis of hydrogen atoms already is spend, but the thermo
nuclear synthesis of more heavier atoms also is on its end, then the star
begins to collapse (to shrinking) and when the above values of the pressure and
temperature are reached, then these
atoms come to disintegration finally again into hydrogen atoms, but old ones
see USM http://www.kanevuniverse.com After that
again according to part I of the theory the pressure and temperature begin to
decreases and again is ignites the thermonuclear synthesis, the star begin to
expand reaching the pressure and temperature above which this reaction is
possible: 2.10 rising to a 9 power [kg/(cm.cm)]; 10 rising to a 7 power [K
degree] Below these parameters the thermonuclear reaction stops and the star
disperse itself. Why the gravitation field cannot stop this process? Because
the star is already on the periphery of its galaxy where it hasn’t necessary
resonance radius to spring up again, see page 80, 81, 82, 83 USM http://www.kanevuniverse.com where is calculated the radius of birth
of the Sun and why the stars are birth on the center of their own galaxies. So
there is one exception if the observed star is very massive one, then if the
resonance radius where the star is situated during its collapsing is enough
short then there can be born some little star which its own centripetal
acceleration correspond to their current parameters: velocity of bird and
radius of bird. However, most probably the star springs up like supernova and
after that die. What will happen with dispersed from such star old protons and
old neutrons…they also come to disintegration into hypothetically substars and
subplanets from the subspace see USM part I, part II and superconductivity http://www.kanevuniverse.com

And also
this: About pulsars, this explanation is correct with one exception, namely
remainder after the star explosion in fact is nuclear chain material with
common magnetic moment (see joromachine http://www.kanevuniverse.com ) which can’t radiate anything because such material has full (not
approximately) but full reflection….. that is why such material shine so
brightly but not because it is in high energy state eventually!

Now imagine
that the Sun’s nucleus firstly has magnetic axis parallel with the rotation
axis of the star (polarization). Then the plasma surrounding nucleus, we can
divide into two layers until to the periphery of the sphere: one of them is
with supposing positive charges and another – negative charges (this is some
kind of motor where the nucleus is the rotor and the plasma is the coils).
Because the magnetic induction always creates contra reactions by the coils,
the rotor begins to revolve (there is appears revolving moment). So gradually
the rotor revolves in the plane defined by the rotation and magnetic axes of
the Sun. Simultaneously the plasma reacted as to changes the places of the two
layers of charged particles, which is attendant with huge eruptions (Sun
activity). When the magnetic poles axis change they positions, the process is
repeats, every 11 years! G.Kanev

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ImaGeo

ImaGeo is a visual blog focusing on the intersection of imagery, imagination and Earth. It focuses on spectacular visuals related to the science of our planet, with an emphasis (although not an exclusive one) on the unfolding Anthropocene Epoch.

About Tom Yulsman

Tom Yulsman is Director of the Center for Environmental Journalism and a Professor of Journalism at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He also continues to work as a science and environmental journalist with more than 30 years of experience producing content for major publications. His work has appeared in the New York Times, Washington Post, Audubon, Climate Central, Columbia Journalism Review, Discover, Nieman Reports, and many other publications. He has held a variety of editorial positions over the years, including a stint as editor-in-chief of Earth magazine. Yulsman has written one book: Origins: the Quest for Our Cosmic Roots, published by the Institute of Physics in 2003.