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When I returned to Rome from Gaul and from Spain, in
the consulship of Tiberius Nero and Publius Quintilio, having
brought to a satisfactory finish my works in these provinces, the
Senate decreed that there should be consecrated in the Field of
Mars an altar to the Augustan Peace and ordered that the officials,
priests and vestal virgins should celebrate a sacrifice at it every
year. It is with these words that Augustus, in his spiritual
testimony, the Res Gestae, tells us of the Senate's decision to
construct an altar to Peace, following the conclusion of his
labours North of the Alps from 16 to 13 B.C., subjecting the Reti
and the Vindelici, establishing definitive control over the Alpine
passes, and visiting Spain, finally at peace, founding new colonies
and imposing new tributes. The ceremonial dedication of the Altar
of Peace, took place on the 30th January in the year 9 B.C. It
seems, according to the evidence provided by the historian Cassius
Dione (LIV, 25.3), that at first the Senate had planned to build an
altar within their own building, the Curia, but the idea was not
followed through and the northernmost part of the Field of Mars,
which had recently been urbanised, was chosen instead.