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Here, we show that Runx1 is required to sustain muscle by preventing denervated myofibers from undergoing myofibrillar disorganization and autophagy, structural defects found in a variety of congenital myopathies[2].

The histopathological features of eye disease in hamsters were different from those in rats and were characterized by microophthalmia (especially in runted hamsters) and abnormal proliferation, disorientation, and disorganization of corneal, lens, and retinal tissues [7].

Ds may therefore serve not only as a model for developmental anomalies in cell fate and pattern formation but also for complex developmental traits showing variable expressivity, low penetrance, and sporadic occurrence in mice and humans [19].

Rho+/- animals retain the majority of their photoreceptors although the inner and outer segments of these cells display some structural disorganization, the outer segments becoming shorter in older mice [20].

Most mice lacking Mef2a died suddenly within the first week of life and exhibited pronounced dilation of the right ventricle, myofibrillar fragmentation, mitochondrial disorganization and activation of a fetal cardiac gene program [21].

Null mice display ataxia, behavioral abnormalities, and tremors that correlate with a twofold decrease in brain mass that disproportionately affects the cerebellum (sixfold reduced in mass) and the cerebral cortex, both of which show signs of disorganization[22].

Unlike the two-hit model that has been used to describe the development of retinoblastoma, the "second hit" for Ds is thought not to arise in the other Ds allele [32].

Although the tensile properties of the wounds were unchanged, ultrastructural analysis showed a significantly decreased level of debridement, greater disorganization of matrix, and an alteration of collagen fibrillogenesis leading to small diameter collagen fibrils in the OPN mutant mice [33].

Correlated video and electron microscopy suggested that the mechanism of arrest by antiastrotactin antibodies involved the failure to form new adhesion sites along the leading process and the disorganization of cytoskeletal components [40].