John
Wolfgang von Goethe is a famous poet in Germany. This article with its poetic
drama work Faust to text, combining with social background, using the
perspective of existentialism, give priority to with characters, themes,
writing performance is complementary as the principal part of analysis to
explore the "humanistic consciousness" of the text and the
manifestation of "freedom", the analysis of the Faust in the work of
man's existence and freedom to reveal, highlight its realism and romanticism
feelings.

The
core concepts of Sartre's existentialism are "human existence" and
"freedom". That is, all the characteristics of human beings are not
innate, but created by free people according to their own will. Therefore,
existentialism is a theory that gives human existence, freedom, dignity and
great importance, and affirms human subjectivity.

In
"existence and nothingness", "human existence precedes human
essence" is expressed. "freedom" is set as human essence in
Sartre, which refers to pure conscious activities characterized by subjectivity
and transcendence. Human existence itself means freedom, and human beings have
absolute freedom. Note that absolute freedom does not forfeit the universal
principle of collective obedience, that there are multiple choices in a
situation, one can choose any one of them, and generally the choice is for
oneself, for another, for all mankind.

Faust
is a work of freedom and self. Faust, a poetic drama about the dreamer and the
developer, is divided into one act overture, two gambling contests, and five
tragedies of Faust's pursuit of entering the world. This work is written in a
dreary and backward society full of medieval atmosphere, during which France
experienced the bourgeois revolution that shook the world and Europe entered
the great transformation of the industrial revolution. This book fully shows
the characteristics of capitalism. Faust emerged from the closed study,
realized the spiritual ascent in the constant negation, demonstrated the lofty
in the tragedy, and permeated with the emotional vitality of the continuous
breakthrough, development and creation of the free spirit.

Existentialism
pays attention to consciousness and life, and often pits human's psychological
consciousness against social existence and individual reality. As the only
authentic existence, it emphasizes self-perception, centers on the id and fully
affirms human's free nature.

Foreign
literary works have always been known for displaying human characteristics such
as original desire. In particular, in Faust, the self-consciousness is not the
representation of human beings in god, but the transformation of ordinary
people in the process of divine nature.

The
first strong sense in Faust is the concept of "human". God is
manifested as the trinity of "god -- reason -- man". The outer core
image of religion represents the lofty image of the combination of beauty and
goodness beyond and above. God is the most perfect and beautiful person. The
image of Faust as the subject has the essence of "original desire -
human". Many fragments in the poem show the original desire of human
beings and return to nature. The devil, on the other hand, is inclined to the
characteristics of "demon - reason, original desire - man", which has
the manifestation of desire and, to a greater extent, shows the rational
aspect, the realistic image of religion. General reason is the positive nature
of beauty, goodness and wisdom. The reason here shows the other side of man's
reason, namely the evil reason, namely the person who exaggerates the
collection of evil. In the study, mephistopheles extolled the subjects of
"logic and theology" to the students who came to study, while the
subjects of "nature" were neglected. To sum up, the whole work does
not blindly pursue the religious dogma, unification, reflects the strong
humanistic awareness.

Sartre
considered the nature of literature as free, pointing out that "whether a
writer writes essays, articles, satires or novels, whether he talks only about
personal emotions or attacks the social system, the author, as a free man,
appeals to other free men, and he has only one subject: freedom". This
shows that Sartre defined the nature of literature with freedom and existence,
highly emphasized the tradition of freedom and fully affirmed human's free
nature. And this freedom is often good for society and the world.

In
Faust, the works show the consciousness of Faust's self and human
consciousness. In the initial original desire, this "ego"
consciousness turns to the "larger ego" of history and becomes an
ideal, ideological and social person, whose essence of self-consciousness is to
pursue freedom.

In
the work, Faust emerges from the study, aware of the undefined and endless
character of knowledge, and starts to practice and make a bet with the devil.
Since the beginning of the tragedy of love, it has shown personal desire, love,
politics and classical beauty. But in the end, Faust's desire to reclaiming
land from the sea and transforming nature for human service reflects the human
side of society, which is no longer limited to the individual's current needs,
but turns to the historical and social needs. Features shown below:

Faust
tried to avoid the religious people are accustomed to the idea of god's supreme
divinity, and pursue the desire of self at will.

It
shows the over-idealization of classical aesthetics, and emphasizes
self-expression, freedom and innovation.

In
artistic creation, Faust fights against artistic habits and breaks through the
grand perspective of traditional drama. The main character features are
relatively common, and the main character does not have the aura of hero, which
does not directly indicate Faust's metamorphosis, and is finally saved by the
angel, which is quite ordinary with profound meaning.

These
self-expressions are exactly the expression of the pursuit of freedom. Some of
them break free from the shackles of religious and social traditions, seek new
ways out, and pay attention to the perspective of the self, both in the content
of the works and in the form of expression. While this kind of freedom shows a
tragedy, Faust in the pursuit of freedom, seeking the truth of the world, but
brew a tragedy step by step, which highlights another theme, the paradox of
freedom.

Faust's
paradox of freedom is an idealization of Sartre's theory of absolute freedom.
The approach of relative freedom is to follow the way of nature while mastering
certain scientific theories in the process of pursuing freedom. According to
Sartre, one of the deeper motivations of literary writing "is that we need
to feel that we are the dominant force in the world". The key word is
"in the world". Sartre shows absolute freedom, while freedom
definitely contains relativity. In "Faust", Faust is always making
his own choice.

The
tragedy itself lies in the paradox of freedom. The paradox of liberty is that
liberty itself is not free. One is that freedom itself is endowed with freedom;
Second, the restriction of freedom cannot escape, real freedom does not exist.
The limits of natural matter and the incongruity of needs for existence are
just as knowledge can never be fully mastered. So in the pursuit of the
realization of self-consciousness is to follow nature, use nature to achieve
relative freedom, avoid unrealistic. Freedom here refers to the spontaneous
activity under the whole personality. The cultivation of healthy personality is
constantly cultivated and grown under the continuous social progress.
Spontaneous activity is the activity of free will and self-realization. The way
to achieve self-consciousness embodies the constant struggle between man and
nature.

In
the process of pursuing freedom, one can realize freedom by following the way
of nature and adopting correct methods while mastering certain scientific
theories. Specifically, the way to achieve relative freedom is personality:
love; Spontaneous activities: scientific production activities to transform
nature. Faust had love, but the productive activity was wrong.

Sartre's
existentialist liberalism is atheistic philosophy, but it has an irrational and
idealized utopian side. He narrated the essence of literature from the
perspective of imagination and fiction, and understood literature as an
unrealistic imagination creation, so it was beauty. However, the concept of
"interventionism" indicates that the freedom of people who require
literature and art to fight for can only be the freedom of existentialism, that
is, absolute personal freedom divorced from objective necessity. This pursuit
of absolute personal freedom is in itself contradictory to involvement in
social life. Second, Sartre exaggerates people's subjectivity as a decisive
force, and this positive attitude will impact on the reality of undependent
depression and inability to fulfill aspiration. It is a kind of fantasy that
exaggerates people's absolute freedom and ability.

The
mistake of production led Faust to a fork in the road, empty enthusiasm, but
did not reach the other shore. In "Faust", Faust is blind. After
being blind, Faust mistakenly thinks that the people are still working for his
great achievements. He feels satisfied and is deceived, implying the blindness
of idealism.

During
the development of the work, Faust gambled with the devil, went out of the
study, and sought a free way out, but actually accompanied the devil. The
original intention is good, and it is not a bad thing to satisfy one's desire,
but it relies on the power of the devil and has the nature of overreaching.
Eager to achieve with blind faith, relying on shortcut, lack of down-to-earth
starting from the actual situation, on the contrary, covered its starting point
of beauty. Reclaiming land to serve the society is "big me" and
"big love", but for the ideal goal, it hurts people but makes it
difficult to escape the fate of feudal tradition.

This
point is just like utopian socialism, which established the ideal blueprint,
but was restricted and defeated by realism. The implementation of the ideal in
the wrong way is only a shell, not based on the actual situation.

In
the end, though Faust loses, he is saved by the angel. This shows that the
pursuit of the ideal of freedom is worthy of affirmation, but it needs the
guidance of "angels" to go on the right track.

Conclusion:
in general, Faust not only embodies Sartre's view of freedom, but also exposes
the paradox and fantasy of Sartre's absolute freedom. The ideal of
"freedom and equality" should be adapted to the demands of the
bourgeoisie. At the same time, it should guide those who are trapped in the idealism
to get lost. They don't want people to be addicted and depressed.