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Difference between Public IP and Private IP address

Key Difference: Private IP addresses are the addresses used for identification of a device within a network. They are not valid on the internet. On the other hand, Public IP addresses are for the devices accessible on the internet.

IP address or Internet Protocol is the number which acts as an identifier for the devices connected together in a computer network. Computers use IP addresses to identify each other and data is sent from one computer the other. It is a unique or exclusive number. This number is also known as IP number.

These addresses come in two different versions. IPV4 and IPV6. IPV4It is composed of four sets of number ranging from 0 to 255. Each set of number is separated from the other set by using a dot. Thus in total there are three dots. An example of IPV4 address is 192.8.7.32. IPV6 is written using hexadecimals and they are very longer strings of numbers in compared to IPV4. The sets of numbers are separated by using colons rather than dots.

Private IP addresses are meant to be used on private networks like home and office networks. They are the same as public IP addresses at a protocol level, however they differ organizationally. These addresses can only be used within a single administration which means that they are not to be used on the wider internet.

The IP ranges for private addresses are –

Class A: Start address – 10.0.0.0 End Address – 10.255.255.255

Class B: Start address – 172.16.0.0 End Address – 172.31.255.255

Class C: Start address – 192.168.0.0 End Address – 192.168.255.255

Public IP addresses include all other IP addresses which do not include any of the private IP addresses reserved by Internet standard groups. It can be accessed over the internet. A device is only accessible within a local area network by using a private IP address. However, if one of the devices in LAN wants to be accessible over the internet, then in that case this device must be connected to the internet by using a public IP address.

Private IP addresses conserve addresses as two or more separate networks can have same private IP addresses assigned to different computers. Thus, public IP addresses are valid on the internet. On the other hand, private IP addresses are invalid on the internet.

Comparison between Public IP and Private IP address:

Public IP Address

Private IP Address

Defintion

Used for identification of a home network to the outside world

Used for identification of a network device inside the home network

Uniqueness

It is unique throughout the entire network

Two or more separate networks can have same private IP addresses assigned to different computers

Example

202.60.23.1

192.168.0.3

Usage

Used on the Internet or other WAN

Used on a Local Area Network; for computers not directly connected to the internet

Comments

I would also like to add one more difference:
Private IP Addresses are not routable in Internet Live(not recognized on internet), whereas Public IP Addresses are routable over Internet Live(recognized on internet).