2018-12-19T10:12:38Zhttps://aer.pensoft.net/oai.php10.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.32018-03-30aerauthorKiselev, G. P.authorYakovlev, EvgeniyauthorKiseleva, IrinaauthorDruzhinin, SergeyauthorБаженов, АлександрauthorBykov, Vladimir2018-03-302018-03-302018Arctic Environmental Research1813-13201810.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.3https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26031/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26031/download/pdf/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26031/download/xml/
The radiological state of the land and water areas constantly attracts public interest. Specially protected natural reservations deserve special attention when it comes to studying radiological conditions. This study presents findings of radioecological investigations conducted in the Kostomuksha State Nature Reserve in 2012 – 2015. The Kostomuksha Mining Company, which is developing the Kostomuksha iron ore deposit was identified as a potentially hazardous facility that might affect the radioecological situation in the naturel reserve, since production of iron ores at the deposit involves extraction to the ground surface of acid rocks characterised by a naturally high content of radioactive elements (granitic gneiss). Furthermore, several sources of radioactive radon gas have been identified within the reserve boundaries. The study included investigation of natural and anthropogenic radioactivity in the environmental components of the nature reserve and adjacent territories, including soil, plants, bottom sediments, ambient air and natural waters. It was found that development of the Kostomuksha iron ore deposit and operations of the mining and processing plant do not exert any considerable impact on the radiological situation in the nature reserve. Data obtained during the study indicate that the overall radiological situation in the reserve is acceptable and meets the relevant radiation safety standards. High levels of radiocesium were found in the moss and bottom sediments of the nature reserve, which requires additional research to determine a wider pattern of distribution of anthropogenic radioactivity across the adjacent territories and to study the processes of buildup and migration of radionuclides in aquatic organisms of Kamennoye Lake.
text/htmlen_USNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosovbottom sediments
radioactive elements
radiocesium
the Kostomuksha Nature ReserveAssessment of radioactivity of environmental components in the Kostomuksha State Nature ReserveResearch Article10.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.142018-03-30aerauthorKrasnov, AndreyauthorKolovertnov, GennadiyauthorPrakhova, MarinaauthorKhoroshavina, Elena2018-03-302018-03-302018Arctic Environmental Research18114-20201810.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.14https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26038/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26038/download/pdf/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26038/download/xml/
Effective organisation of communication channels in autonomous information and measurement systems (AIMS) is a burning issue. It is particularly challenging for areas where, for a number of reasons (primarily unprofitability or immaturity of the wired infrastructure), telecommunications can rely only on wireless technologies, i.e., radio channels. Arctic regions of the Russian Federation, where most of Russia’s gas and gas condensate deposits are located, constitute a typical example of such areas. The key challenges during construction of wireless communication channels are associated with the fixed range of frequencies that can be used without a licence. For the purposes of radio traffic, the frequency used by AIMS transmitters and receivers depends on the frequency of the quartz crystal resonators used in such devices. The stability of this frequency determines both the number of radio channels that can be used and the efficiency of data transfer. Key factors affecting the quartz frequency include temperature and “ageing” of quartz crystals. Known methods for increasing the frequency stability generally allow compensation for the temperature drift of the quartz frequency. In addition, such methods are increasingly energy-consuming, which is unacceptable in the Extreme North. This article suggests using GPS receiver data for frequency adjustment. With a minor increase in energy consumption, this technique enables full compensation for quartz crystal resonator frequency drift, no matter what the cause of such drift, eventually allowing operation of more radio channels within the authorised bandwidth with preserved channel separation. In general, it helps increase the efficiency of data transfer in the telemetry systems of gas field operations.
text/htmlen_USNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosovquartz crystal resonator
gas field telemetry system
radio channel
GPS
carrier frequency adjustmentImproving data transfer efficiency in a gas field wireless telemetry systemResearch Article10.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.212018-03-30aerauthorShakirova, AlinaauthorIsmakov, RustemauthorAgliullin, AkhtyamauthorTsenev, Nikolai2018-03-302018-03-302018Arctic Environmental Research18121-27201810.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.21https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26035/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26035/download/pdf/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26035/download/xml/
Special aluminum alloys appear to be promising materials for manufacture of high-strength light-alloy drill pipes (HSLADP) that can be used in areas with a severe climate and challenging geology. The effect of using light-alloy drill pipes (LADP) depends directly on the properties of the aluminum alloys from which such pipes are made. As the wells become deeper and horizontal wellbores get longer, use of LADPs becomes more relevant. Since light-alloy pipes are 2.8 times softer than steel pipes, LADPs offer the same performance as steel drill pipes of the lowest strength grade even in the case of rotary drilling. The materials from which such pipes are made have a number of unique advantages: extra light weight in the drill mud, allowing the coefficient of sliding friction between the pipe surface and the borehole wall to be reduced; high corrosion resistance in aggressive media with A high concentration of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide; and high magnetic inductive capacity that allows LADPs to be used as a housing for MWD (measurement while drilling) and LWD (logging while drilling) telemetry systems during well-drilling operations. This study suggests methods for industrial production of submicrocrystalline (SMC) structure in aluminum alloys with the help of severe plastic deformation. Through the example of model aluminum-lithium alloys 1420 (Al-Mg-Li-Zr) and 1460 (Al-Сu-Li-Zr), the researchers demonstrate that SMC structure helps significantly increase resistance to wear and reduce the rate of corrosion depending on the pH value. The research team also states that severe plastic deformation methods may be used to develop highly promising technologies for manufacture of high-strength LADPs with advanced strain-stress properties for use during operations in the Arctic.
text/htmlen_USNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosovlight-alloy drill pipes
tribotechnical tests
corrosion of aluminum alloys
Arctic shelf
horizontal drillingInvestigation of tribotechnical and corrosion behaviour of material for light-alloy drill pipesResearch Article10.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.282018-03-30aerauthorDvoretskiy, VladimirauthorDvoretskiy, Alexander2018-03-302018-03-302018Arctic Environmental Research18128-36201810.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.28https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26097/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26097/download/pdf/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26097/download/xml/
The Barents Sea is a highly productive shelf region. Zooplankton assemblages are a key component of the carbon cycle in Arctic marine ecosystems; they transfer energy from lower trophic levels to higher levels, including larval and young commercial fish. The winter state of the zooplankton community in the Central Through and their slopes (Barents Sea) was investigated in late November 2010. Vertical structure of water layer was characterised by pycnocline located below 80 m. The upper strata were occupied by transformed Atlantic Water, while winter Barents Sea Water with negative temperatures was in the bottom strata. Total zooplankton abundance varied from 162 to 1214 individuals/m3. Biomass ranged from 88 to 799 mg wet mass/m3. Copepods dominated in terms of total zooplankton abundance (average 99%) and biomass (92%). Maximum densities of Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis were registered in the frontal zone separating warm and cold water masses. Abundances of Metridia longa and O. similis were highest in cold waters. Three groups of stations differing in terms of the common copepod composition were delineated with cluster analysis. The age structure of Calanus finmarchicus and Metridia longa was characterised by a prevalence of copepodites IV–V. Total zooplankton abundance and biomass were correlated to water temperature and salinity, suggesting that hydrological conditions were the key driver of spatial variations of the zooplankton communities. High biomass of large copepods suggests potential significance of the investigated region for feeding of young and adult fish.
text/htmlen_USNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. LomonosovPlankton
copepods
pelagic ecosystem
Arctic shelfFeatures of winter zooplankton assemblage in the Central Trough of the Barents SeaResearch Article10.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.372018-03-30aerauthorKishchenko, Ivan2018-03-302018-03-302018Arctic Environmental Research18137-44201810.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.37https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26032/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26032/download/pdf/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26032/download/xml/
This study contains findings of research carried out at the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia, central taiga subzone) in April – October in the period from 1986 to 2012. The subjects of the studies were introduced plants of three species of Malus Mill.: dwarf apple – Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., wild apple – Malus sylvestris Mill., and Niedzwetzky’s apple – Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck. ex Koehne. Phenological observations were carried out once in 3 days by the N. Bulygin technique (1979). The phenophase was considered to have occurred if it was observed in at least 30% of the shoots of all specimens of the species under study. All samples were checked for compliance with the normal probability law. The correlation coefficients and differences between the mean values ​​were verified to determine their reliability. Elementary statistics obtained demonstrate, among other things, that the experiment’s accuracy rate is fairly high (4–6%), while the variation coefficient is small (18–22%). It was found that M. baccata trees begin and end most of their phenophases approximately 5–10 days earlier than the other studied species. Furthermore, in the beginning and middle of the growing period, phonological phases of M. baccata proceed at colder weather compared to the other studied Malus species. At the end of the growing period, these differences among the species level off. Of all the studied climatic factors, air temperature has the most measurable positive influence on the development of Malus species in Karelia. Daily average air humidity and precipitation have a less prominent influence on еру phenophases of the studied Malus species. The course and strength of such influence depend on the peculiarities of the phenophase itself. All the studied introduced Malus species show a high degree of introduction prospect (82−93 points) and can be successfully used in Karelia for gardening and landscaping purposes.
text/htmlen_USNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosovintroduction
development
Malus
ecological factors
South KareliaDevelopment of introduced species Malus Mill. (Rosaceae Adans.) in South KareliaResearch Article10.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.452018-03-30aerauthorPotapov, GrigoryauthorKolosova, Yulia authorBolotov, Ivan N.2018-03-302018-03-302018Arctic Environmental Research18145-51201810.17238/issn2541-8416.2018.18.1.45https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26045/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26045/download/pdf/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/26045/download/xml/
This article is devoted to an analysis of possible bivoltine development of several bumblebee species in Europe. This study is based on materials collected by the authors in European countries (Slovakia, France and Greece) and in the European North of Russia (Solovetsky Archipelago). Four bumblebee species were studied. They are Bombus hortorum, B. terrestris, B. pratorum and B. jonellus. Bombus hortorum was collected from south-eastern Slovakia and southern France, B. terrestris was additionally from the Isle of Crete, B. pratorum was from southern France and the Solovetsky Archipelago, and B. jonellus was collected only on the Solovetsky Archipelago. Our records reveal that several bumblebee species may have two generations per season. Bombus hortorum and B. pratorum in south-eastern Slovakia and southern France had males present in late May. Both these species have a short life cycle, so they are potentially able to produce two generations in a season. Bombus terrestris was found in January on southern France and in Late November in the Isle of Crete. Because this species has no obligate diapause, this fact may indicate bivoltine development for B. terrestris in the studied territories. The potential ability of B. jonellus to produce two generations per season was revealed during long-term research on the Solovetsky Archipelago.
text/htmlen_USNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. LomonosovBumblebees
two generations
Europe
climatic conditionsPossible bivoltine development of several bumblebee species in EuropeResearch Article10.3897/issn2541-8416.2018.18.2.532018-07-09aerauthorPashilov, Maksim2018-07-092018-07-092018Arctic Environmental Research1853-61201810.3897/issn2541-8416.2018.18.2.53https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27700/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27700/download/pdf/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27700/download/xml/
Ensuring stability of subgrade soil under engineering structures is a critical task at oil field development projects in the Arctic. It is largely determined by the state of the permafrost influenced by natural and man-induced changes to the temperature regime. The issue of permafrost stability forecasting is still underexplored, this entailing a number of challenges for construction and trouble-free operation of facilities in the Far North. The Ardalin Oil and Gas Field (AOGF) is the only project in the Nenets Autonomous District (NAD) where results of extensive temperature measurements carried out in special thermometric wells have been accumulated over a lengthy period of over 20 years. This article contains the findings of thermometric monitoring of the top layer of soil with an average depth interval of 20 metres. Changes in the permafrost temperature regime, in both the presence and absence of sand (soil) filling, over the study period are described in the article. Natural physical and climatic disturbances that rule out the possibility of maintaining a continuous permafrost temperature are identified. In addition, the key sources of man-induced impact on the top layer of permafrost at the location of the AOGF production infrastructure facilities are analysed. This analysis resulted in recommendations that might be of help during design and construction of engineering works in the European North of Russia and serve to minimise thermal impact on frozen ground. Preserving the permafrost layer in its original natural state will help ensure stability of the subgrade of buildings and structures, thereby reducing the chances of any accidents.
text/htmlen_USNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. LomonosovNenets Autonomous District
permafrost
seasonally thawed layer
thermal impact
thermometric monitoring
subgrade stability
safe operation
recommendations for constructionFindings of thermometric monitoring of the top layer of permafrost during hydrocarbon production in the European North of RussiaResearch Article10.3897/issn2541-8416.2018.18.2.622018-07-09aerauthorPotapov, GrigoryauthorKolosova, Yulia authorVlasova, Alisa2018-07-092018-07-092018Arctic Environmental Research1862-65201810.3897/issn2541-8416.2018.18.2.62https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27019/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27019/download/pdf/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27019/download/xml/
This article presents the results of research focussed on the local bumblebee fauna in the southwest of the Kola Peninsula (near the town of Kandalaksha). In general, if we include the published data, the local fauna have 16 species of bumblebees. Among the species of the present study, the recent record for this region is Bombus wurflenii Radoszkowski, 1860. This species was previously unknown in the European North of Russia. It is typical for mountain ecosystems in Europe (Scandinavia, the mountains of Central and Western Europe, the Balkans, Northern Turkey and the Caucasus). We assume that the record of B. wurflenii on the Kola Peninsula is the recent appearance of this species in the region. One of the possible reasons for the expansion of this species is climate change. Other species of bumblebees in the local fauna are typical for the region. The species present wide ranges, i.e., Transpalaearctic, Holarctic and one species of West-Central Palaearctic. In the outskirts of Kandalaksha, there are 2 species (B. distinguendus Morawitz, 1869 and B. veteranus (Fabricius, 1793)) which belong to the group of meadow species according to their habitat preference. They are not common for the taiga habitats in the European North of Russia. We can explain their presence in the local fauna by noting the presence of anthropogenic meadow habitats in the studied area.
text/htmlen_USNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosovbumblebees
local fauna
biodiversity
Murmansk Region
European NorthLocal fauna of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus Latr.) in the outskirts of the town of Kandalaksha, southwest Kola PeninsulaResearch Article10.3897/issn2541-8416.2018.18.2.662018-07-09aerauthorPotapov, GrigoryauthorKolosova, Yulia 2018-07-092018-07-092018Arctic Environmental Research1866-70201810.3897/issn2541-8416.2018.18.2.66https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27330/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27330/download/pdf/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27330/download/xml/
In this paper, we summarise material pertaining to the distribution and habitat preference of Bombus (Kallobombus) soroeensis (Fabricius, 1777) on the territory of Arkhangelsk Region. B. soroeensis is widely represented on the territory as nominative subspecies B. soroeensis ssp. soroeensis, which is common mainly in Fennoscandia, the British Isles and Eastern Europe. The northern border of the species range in the Arkhangelsk Region is the lower reaches of the Mezen River, located in the transition zone between the northern taiga and the forest-tundra. This locality is probably one of the most northern records of this species in the northern part of the Russian Plain. In Eastern Fennoscandia, B. soroeensis is distributed far to the north, i.e., in the northern parts of Finland and Norway. In relation to the habitat preference, B. soroeensis in the study region belongs to the category of meadow species. This species is typical of different types of meadows and ruderal habitats. B. soroeensis is not typical with regards to the native taiga habitats, in most cases. This is similar to the situation on the territory of Finland, where this species is associated with open meadow habitats. Individuals of B. soroeensis have been recorded on a wide range of entomophilous plants, and the main examples are Rhinanthus minor, Epilobium angustifolium, Cirsium arvense, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Lotus corniculatus.
text/htmlen_USNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. LomonosovBombus soroeensis
European North
species range
habitat preferenceDistribution and habitat preference of Bombus (Kallobombus) soroeensis (Fabricius, 1777) on the territory of Arkhangelsk RegionResearch Article10.3897/issn2541-8416.2018.18.2.712018-08-02aerauthorKrasnov, Andrey2018-08-022018-08-022018Arctic Environmental Research1871-75201810.3897/issn2541-8416.2018.18.2.71https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27139/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27139/download/pdf/https://aer.pensoft.net/article/27139/download/xml/
Many Russian gas fields in the Arctic are now in the final development stage, so there is a need for additional gas compression along the gas collection system between the wells and the gas processing plant. After the compression stage, the gas is cooled in air cooling units (ACU). Cooling crude (wet) gas in low-temperature environments using ACUs involves a risk of hydrate plugs forming in the ACU’s heat transfer tubes. Variable frequency control of speed fans is typically used to control performance of the ACUs and the control criterion is the gas temperature at the ACU outlet. Even so, the chances of hydrate forming in the bottom of the tube bundle remain large owing to inhomogeneous distribution of the gas temperature in the tube bundles and the temperature jump between the inner surface of the tube wall and the gas flowing through that tube, despite the high gas temperature in the outlet header. To enable forecasting of possible hydrate formation, the mathematical model of the ACU’s thermal behaviour that forms the basis of control system’s operating procedure must ensure proper calculation not only of the gas temperature at ACU outlet but also the dew point at which condensate formation begins and the hydrate formation temperature. This article suggests a simulation model for crude gas ACU thermal behaviour that enables modelling of both the temperature pattern of the gas inside the tube and the areas of condensate and hydrate formation. The described thermal behaviour model may be used in ACU management systems.
text/htmlen_USNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosovhydrate formation
air cooling unit
ACU
equilibrium conditions
variable frequency control
specific humidity
dew point
simulation modelAbout creation of the simulation model of the thermal mode in air cooling units for crude naturalResearch ArticlecGFnZT0xJnNldD1hZXImZnJvbT0mdW50aWw9Jm1ldGFkYXRhX3ByZWZpeD1tb2Rz