Major sources of income of the people are derived from agriculture, fishing, trade and commerce, employment and remittances from abroad.[4] About 94% of the total population have access to potable water. Five health centers serve 39 barangays. There is a 10 bed capacity government hospital manned by 27 health personnel.

Transportation services are generally provided by tricycles, jeepneys, vans and buses. There are also daily buses available going back and forth to Manila that pass by Barbaza via the roll-on/roll-offnautical highway.

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Located at the central part of the province of Antique, the municipality of Barbaza is 62 kilometres (39 mi) north from the provincial capital. It has a coastline of 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) along the Sulu Sea, and its highest point is Mount Nangtud with an elevation of 2,080 metres (6,820 ft), the highest mountain on Panay Island.[4]

Long after the discovery of the Philippines by the Spaniards led by Ferdinand Magellan on March 16, 1521, there was already an established settlement in a place presumably now Barangay Esparar. In later years however, the Moros from Palawan and Mindoro started coming to raid and plunder the inhabitants, and often abducted beautiful maidens and men to be made slaves. Because of fear, the inhabitants moved to a much safer place, in a narrow strip of land at the foot of Mt. Dumangsal. The site of the new settlement up to this day is called Igtara. The population rapidly increased. So, when the Moros stopped coming, they decided to move down to a much wider plain. The settlement started to flourish and later a church and a town hall were built out of bamboo and cogon grass. Today, it is where Barangay Binanu-an stands. Binanu-an means “Ginbanwahan or Binanwahan”.[4]

The formation of a formal government which was headed either by a Teniente or a Captain, started at Binanu-an. The settlement in Binanu-an lasted so long until sometime in the 17th century when the inhabitants, again, found a much better place to live in because it is nearer to the sea which yields fish in abundance. So, they decided to transfer from Binanu-an to the seashore by the bank of the once deep river called Nalupa. The new settlement was named Nalupa Nuevo. Permanent structures like a church and a Municipal Hall were built.[4]

Unfortunately, sometime in the 18th century the settlement suffered another drawback. Dalanas river, one of the bigger rivers in Antique, used to overflow during heavy rains causing destruction to properties and lives of people living near the area. Alarmed by the situation affecting the settlement at Nalupa Nuevo, the Spanish Governor named Enrique Barboza ordered to transfer the people to another site called Otngol which was at that time, part of what is now the town of Laua-an.[4]

It should be recalled that during the transfer of the settlement from Nalupa to Otngol the Municipal Government was already run by a Capitan. The first Capitan was ('Tan) Julian Flores. He was later succeeded by ('Tan) Roman Francisco, then by Capitan Justiniano Ogatis-Barrientos. ('Tan) Justiniano Ogatis-Barrientos was a big man with a loud harsh voice and with his “anting-anting” could drive back “Pulahans” (outlaws, so named because they wear red clothes) to their mountain lairs whenever they come down to town. It was during his administration sometime in 1886 when he worked out for the separation of the town from the Municipality of Laua-an. The town's name was changed to Barboza in honor of Spanish Governor Enrique Barboza of Antique. The spelling was later changed to Barbaza because of the difficulty in pronouncing the former name. To this day the town is officially named the Municipality of Barbaza.[4]

In 1942, during the Second World War, the Japanese Imperial forces occupied the town of Barbaza. Liberation came when the Philippine Commonwealth troops under the 6th and 62nd Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army in the town of Barbaza, Antique and attacked and defeated the Japanese Imperial forces in 1945.