Hormonal Therapy after Menopause Medications - Research Paper Example

Extract of sample Hormonal Therapy after Menopause Medications

Synthetic estrogen and progesterone (or sometimes just the estrogen) are administered in small doses in order to relieve or alleviate symptoms, especially hot flushes (Pathy et al., 2012). However, sufficient medical history is needed before administering HT to menopausal women. A complete physical exam, pap smear, mammography, examination of hormonal levels, cholesterol levels, vitamin D levels and bone density scans, as well as the presence or absence of sexually-transmitted diseases are measured before giving it out to those who suffer from menopausal symptoms (Hawkins, Roberto-Nichols, & Stanley-Haney, 2012). Symptoms of menopause include loss of elasticity of the vagina and the decrease in blood circulation as well as fatty tissue which results in dryness and itchiness, pain around the urethra, hot flushes and night sweats, as well as decrease in bone density that leads to osteoporosis for some women (Hawkins et al., 2012). Other observed symptoms include dementia and cognitive impairment among older women, as well as cardiovascular diseases due to the loss of elasticity of the blood vessels due to the decrease in the release of estrogen and progesterone in the bloodstream (Pathy et al., 2012). Another likely symptom of menopause is depression, which is also due to the low estrogen levels that circulate in the blood. Alongside HT, anti-depressant drugs are also administered routinely to women by physicians not only to women who naturally entered menopause but also to women who had a hysterectomy, or “surgical menopause” (Stoppard, 2000). For this report, a study by Zanardi, Rossini, Magri, Malaguti, Colombo and Smeraldi in 2006 about assessing the response to anti-depressants of post-menopausal women undergoing HT as well as those who are not, as well as the possible effects and influence of these anti-depressants to the hormonal levels of these women. Background of the Study The study by Zanardi et al. (2006) aims to evaluate the response of post-menopausal women to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) and documenting the interactions of SSRI’s with sexual hormones in women undergoing and not undergoing HT. Due to few documentations of post-menopausal women under risk of undergoing depressive episodes, the scant amount of studies concerning the influence of HT in reaction to anti-depressants which end up in ambiguous and bias results, few or incomplete basal assessment of hormonal levels before HT, as well as a lack of studies with a considerable sample size, this study was conceptualized in order to find out if the use of HT would be able to improve the effects of SSRI’s in post-menopausal women. Also, proving the synergistic action between anti-depressants and hormonal therapy could give hope for women who suffer menopause and depression, as well as their healthcare providers in managing their symptoms. This study is also significant especially to people who specialize in geriatrics, in order for them to be able to assess as well as address the needs of their female patients undergoing menopause, depression or both. Methods of the Study Roughly 200 patients of the Research Center for Mood Disorders in San Raffaele Hospital, Milan were chosen for this study. Women above 40 years of age, has amenorrhea for least 12 months and were suffering from a major depressive episode were chosen for this study. Those who were excluded were women who had a history of drug or alcohol abuse, anorexia, other
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Summary

Hormonal Therapy and other Menopause Medications Hormonal Therapy and other Menopause Medications Menopause is defined as the cessation of menstruation due to the genetically programmed decline and the eventual loss of ovarian follicles in a woman’s set of ovaries…

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This is because these women have either reached menopause or are in a menopausal transitional period which is known as perimenopause. Menopause is a natural physiological process and is defined as the complete stoppage of the menstrual cycle. A woman is considered to have reached menopause when she fails to menstruate for twelve consecutive cycles and then the post-menopausal period starts which is the time after her last menstrual period.

Menopause refers to the permanent stoppage of the basic function of the femalesovaries which includes the maturation and release of ova and the release of hormones which induces the development of uterine lining and the eventual disintergration of uterine lining (commonly referred to as menses).

The menopausal stage continues until the death of the woman or rather the woman does not go back to the earlier stage thus it is permanent. The idea of stopping the menstruation means the woman’s body is undergoing hormonal changes that affect her sexuality.

Women suffer adversely because of hormonal imbalances and research should concentrate on establishing a remedy for the effects of hormonal changes that do not have adverse effects. In addition, psychologists should work on providing a prophylaxis to these forms of depression. As a female, having knowledge on the prevention of these forms of depression will be useful.

In this sense, many investigators and researchers have demonstrated increased interest in the study of the etiological aspects of sexual dysfunction as a basis of assessment, diagnosis and management of the various forms of sexual dysfunction among individuals.

Many scholars have attempted to define it over time and today, we have a better understanding what happens during this stage. In this paper, we shall be discussing the various processes and symptoms, which precede menopause, which comes during menopause, and which comes after menopause.

The idea of stopping the menstruation means the woman’s body is undergoing hormonal changes that affect her sexuality. Thus, the menopause topic is timely because the impact the changes have on the life of

In this paper, we shall be discussing the various processes and symptoms, which precede menopause, which comes during menopause, and which comes after menopause. We shall look at the factors, which can cause early