BACKGROUND
It is widely accepted that cervical interlaminar steroid injection (CIESI) is more effective in treating radicular pain than axial neck pain, but without direct comparison. And the differences of effect after CIESI according to MRI findings are inconsistent. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the therapeutic response of CIESI according to… (More)

OBJECTIVE
High-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starch (HES) compromises blood coagulation more than does low-molecular-weight HES. We compared the effects of low- and high-molecular-weight HES for the treatment of vasospasm and investigated the dose relationship with each other.
METHODS
Retrospectively, in a series of consecutive 102 patients with… (More)

Because the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) is a key factor in the metastatic process, compounds with the ability to inhibit MMP activity have a potential in the treatment of tumor. From the examination of 2000 plant extracts, obovatal isolated from the extract of the leaves of Magnolia obovata THUNB was a potent inhibitor of MMP-2 enzyme in… (More)

The hydroxamic acid analogues (2) of the natural product gelastatins (1) were prepared by 1 step conversion reaction. The synthetic analogues (2) showed potent enzymatic inhibitory activities against MMP-2, MMP-9, and TACE IC50's of 6, 23, and 28 nM, respectively. In addition, 2 were able to inhibit TNF-alpha production effectively in mice as well as in a… (More)

Erythromelalgia is often refractory and resistant to many forms of treatment. Numerous therapeutic options have been tried, but effective treatment remains elusive. The sympathetic nervous system has been involved in various painful conditions of neuropathic, vascular, and visceral origin. Sympathetic block is helpful in making a diagnosis and managing… (More)

BACKGROUND
The active involvement of anesthesiologists in chronic pain management has been associated with an increase in the number of related medical dispute cases.
METHODS
Using the Korean Society of Anesthesiologists Legislation Committee database covering case files from July 2009 to June 2016, we explored injuries and liability characteristics in a… (More)