the 1962 paper," Kyerere said. "It ITIUSt be clear, the paper stated, that the benefits will go to the people thelnselves, and not to their leaders. \Ve had al- ready discontinued giving loans to civil servants to build houses to liyc in, be- cause it turned out that in SOlne cases they were renting the houses. \Ve had said we were stopping this, and Rashidi had said in Parlialnent that we were stopping it. There were also to be no such loans made to political people like regional and area cOlnlnissioners." Nyerere was asked if he was not actually ll1akIng an attack on all the privileged groups in his socIety at once. "Yes," he said. "This is the intention. If we say we have to develop, it lnust be very clear to the people that the benefits arc going to the people theln- selves. So you might say, 'F'ine. \\T e'll tackle one group now and another later on.' You could say, '"r e'll tackle just the Indians. Use the African to help fight the Indian, and the African will help because he can replace the IndIan. Tackle your itnmigrants.' You could do that. But you would just be postponing the probleln. \Ve had set a Socialist goal for ourselves, and really we had no choice. How could we al- low eXploitation by the indigenous few? So we took theln all together-foreign in Yestors, local capitalists, ou r own po- litical leaders. In a sense, we tackled the lnasses at the saIne tilne. \\ e took on everybody. How do we engage the people in pursuing objec- tives that are not under- stood The definition of ob jectives had to be to- tal-and uncolnprolnis- ing. OnCe the decision is taken that the banks should be In the hands of the governlnent, it's worse for the eCOnOlll) of the country to delay. The speed of our progress will depend on the realities of the countr). But as a nation we ought to know what d " we are trYIng to 0 0 88 , ' ,.. __ tune to tÏtne he made charges about > plotting and dictatorshIp in Tanzania. <>,( In January, 1968, the Second Vice- President, Rashidi K lwawa, told the ",', N ationdl Asselnbly that Kalnbona had deposited lnore than fort) -four thou- %! sand pounds in his local bank account " between June, 1965, and Decelnber, { 1966, including one telegraph relnit- tance of Inore than twenty-nine thou- sand pounds from London on De- celnber 6, 1966. The origin of the InOne) was never explained. In early ] 971, in a case that the governlnent said was lInked to the Kalnbona affair, four Tanzanians, including Bibi Titi Mohalned, were convicted of plotting to overthrow the governlnent and as- sassinate the President, and were sen- tenced to life Ïtnprisonlnent; two oth- ers received ten-year terlns. Kalnbona is still in London, living either on his sa vings or on funds frOln other sources. His attacks on Nyerere have subsided, hut he still takes an avid interest in Tan- ""'; "" ""', , .:.. ''''''','' " zanian politics; occasionally, it is <;aid in Dar es Salaaln, he lnails Christlnas cards to lnelnbers of the TanzanIan t l Parlialnent and letters of sYlnpathy to <>__ persons who have been dislnissed hy __ the Tanzanian governlnent. The Arusha Declaration was widely interpreted as a result of Nyerere's dis- f'-. appointlnent over the state of the coun- i"- tl)'S develoPlnent. He had spent a full '<<. lnonth upcountry visiting peasants " v '- whose lives had barely changed since \" independence, it was said, "" , and hL was conscious of a sligh t tendency toward corruption by the privi- leged. To be sure, it was a very modest level of corruption cOlnpared to that of such countries as igeria and Ghana, and even Kenya, where the greater wealth and higher state of develoPlnent had caused ITIOre lnone)' to filter into the hands of the leadershIp. Nonetheless, he WdS sickened by it, and believed that It could destroy the lneaning of Afri- can freedoln. Nyerere rejected the no- tIon that the declaration was the prod- uct of recent discoveries, however. "If you knew the whole truth, It would not he a exciting," he told a visitor a few months later In 1962, he noted, he had written a palnphlet on TAKG in Swahili which contained lnany of the points that were lnade in the Arusha Declaration. "The most llnportant ele- lnent, the part dealing with self-reli- ASSOCIATES LTD I ance-about develoPlnent through the 1451 Broadway, New York, N. yo. 10036 work of the people-can be found in .""" .>> II "- 'i --,- / . is f. 1 ' '" , ....... ' : : '" " ' ,,..:J,,, J -j .." { A .... f ". t",,", " j ' " y < -;00 j t .;- ...... .;. ::. t ,$ i ,"<> , 11: -...of' . >>- i , ;?' , '1 "....... " ............ '" 0". .; .. . " " ":.< ^ '\!>, ""'^ _,0 ';' y :::. , ': <,., ,.. """^ . <> u.. .......0( '$ <! , . , '::oþ, ':' '.,. , -:':.:: , \ {7 - , : . , "\ " 'f .Ii: '>0:, . \, :. .... .. .... '" , "X:":..:... ._._)". . ;, .\ ,y , $'" ' , # ...... "" : ß *' 't. ,\ \ ,f\ 4" "',, ' , J; ' ': i.-ti': , \ ., t ,..... "., <> :,::::: ' ,t '\ ' ., .... ""'1 ' " -.x. ..-.o^ '* , < f " J1: f" .. ,..,,, , ": , " x" '" - ", :""",',,, ': , ''-.' ,.. ',......., '\ ": :: , ^" , "' ; 'ff ':. <-v '^,';:,,_ :-, y' ' \ ::::::;::........ ..... '< /' '3"' , , . ',: :::.t . ....... ._": ...""........ ffi@[})@ffi Swiss velour, the greatest in the world for superb tops plus match- ing pants. A placketed, striped, long pu II or a zipped pony-pri nt jacket. Each, with color-cued pants, about 56.00. At the best stores For the one nearest you, write: tt S UDDENLY-or so it seelned to an) one reading the \TationaList, the TAKU-sponsored daily paper in Dar es Salaaln-the whole country was caught up in a frenzy of lllarching in support of the Arusha Declaration. "T elnpered and rell10lded b\ the RaInes of the SpÏ1 it of i\.rusha, nine gallant youths froll1 Singida have advanced their colulnn on their longest march of all-tIn ough eight regions-in support of the Arusha J)eclaration, the President, and the party," a \T ationalist story said in Sep-