Abstract

In 2030, it is projected that 18 billion tons of oil equivalent will be used, with 80% to come from fossil fuel. Combustion is still a very important source of energy and efficiency and emissions must be improved. Numerous turbulent combustion models have been devised for the diffusion process. Some scalar micro-mixing models for the probability density function [PDF] models are: Curl’s Model, Modified Curl’s, Euclidean Minimal Spanning Tree (EMST) and Stochastic Multiple Mapping Conditioning (MMC). These models are use particle interaction to model the micro-mixing process. The selection process for the particles to be mixed is a major difference between these models.