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DIFFERENT PEOPLES, ONE WORLD Politics of Multicultural Societies: The Case of EU HARI SRINIVAS ROOM: I-312 / Studies in Multicultural Societies

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28 Countries of the European Union Of the 47 countries that are located in Europe, 28 form the European Union

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23 Official Languages

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The Treaties – Basis for democratic cooperation built on law 1952 The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 1958 The treaties of Rome: The European Economic Community (EEC) The European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) 1987 The Single European Act 1993 Treaty on European Union – Maastricht 1999 Treaty of Amsterdam 2003 Treaty of Nice 2009 Treaty of Lisbon

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1952: In the aftermath of World War II, the aim was to secure peace among Europe’s victorious and vanquished nations and bring them together as equals, cooperating within shared institutions. Based on a plan by French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman. Six founding countries – Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands – signed a treaty to run heavy industries (coal and steel) under common management. European Coal and Steel Community Jean Monnet and other leaders with the first “European” ingot of steel

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Treaty of Rome The six founding countries expanded cooperation to other economic sectors, creating the European Economic Community (EEC) – or “common market.” As a result, people, goods, services, and capital today move freely across the Union. 1958: Signing of the Treaty of Rome, 1957

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Over 50 Years of EU Integration Enlargement has: Inspired reforms and consolidated common principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law, while enabling market-oriented economic reforms. Enhanced the EU’s weight in the world and made it a stronger and more attractive international partner. “Enlargement has been a success story for the European Union and Europe as a whole. It has helped to overcome the division of Europe and contributed to peace and stability throughout the continent.” European Council Declaration Dec. 15, Member States627 Population174 million500 million Languages423

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The Lisbon treaty – taking Europe into the 21st century The Treaty will make the European Union: More efficient Simpler processes, full-time president for the Council. More democratic Stronger role for the European Parliament and national parliaments, "Citizens Initiative", Charter of Fundamental Rights. More transparentClarifies who does what, greater public access to documents and meetings. More united on High Representative for Foreign Policy. the world stage More secureNew possibilities to fight climate change and terrorism, secure energy supplies.

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Celebrating the European Union - A Half Century of Change and Progress Since the creation of the EU half a century ago, Europe has enjoyed the longest period of peace in its history. European political integration is unprecedented in history. EU enlargement has helped overcome the division of Europe – contributing to peace, prosperity, and stability across the continent. A single market and a common currency benefit companies and consumers. EU has united the citizens of Europe – while preserving Europe’s diversity. European Union United in diversity

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Free movement of goods No customs duties between the member states The EU also prohibits charges having an equivalent effect of customs duties.

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Free movement of services The freedom prohibits restrictions on free circulation of services within Member States. Examples: Postal service Internet purchases Banking

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Free movement of people The right to travel. The right to work in any member state. The right to settle in any member state.

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Free movement of capital Capital within the EU may be transferred in any amount from one country to another.

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The Future Europe’s challenges vary  Balance of economically emerging eastern Europe and advanced/developed western Europe  Europe’s role in global governance, particularly the United Nations  International immigration to Europe Multiculturalism Common political ideals International migration