I'd imagine that they time the launch so the bow goes back up at the precise moment when the plane leaves the carrier, but perhaps some sailors in the audience can explain it better.

The Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye is an all-weather twin-turboprop used by the US Navy for long-range detection of aircraft and ships, and to provide "control and command of the battle space in an air engagement by directing fighter and attack aircraft strikes."

Here you have a crazy video of another plane going through the same or even worse: