Various work or research trips to Africa have included one or more visits to Algeria, Burundi, Cote d'Ivoire, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, & Zimbabwe

International Relations, specializing in Canadian foreign & defence policy in general, and foreign intervention in Africa...with specific research interests in Canadian, American & Chinese foreign policy in Africa, international relations theory and global political economy, security and strategic studies (including military institutions in Africa), and the international dimensions influencing the evolution of the post-colonial African state ﻿﻿