Skeptics In Sierra Leone Doubt Ebola Virus Exists

Workers drive around Freetown, Sierra Leone, on Sunday, telling people about the dangers of Ebola.

Tommy Trenchard for NPR

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Originally published on August 6, 2014 3:31 pm

Many people in Sierra Leone still don't believe Ebola really exists.

In response, Ebola awareness announcements are now playing repeatedly on the radio and on loudspeakers up and down the streets of Freetown — Sierra Leone's pretty but ramshackle oceanfront capital. The announcements are part of awareness campaigns to try to stop the virus from spreading.

More than 900 people have died of Ebola in West Africa, the World Health Organization said Wednesday. Sierra Leone, alone, has reported nearly 300 deaths. The WHO is holding an emergency, two-day meeting this week to decide on how to handle the crisis.

Frightened Sierra Leoneans are now digesting the nationwide public health emergency and the extraordinary measures announced by President Ernest Bai Koroma last week.

Koroma has been criticized for not waking up to the Ebola crisis and taking action earlier. But now he has ordered troops andpolice to enforce strict new measures, including the quarantine of homes and zones where the virus is detectedor suspected, especially in hard-hit eastern Sierra Leone. He addressed the nation on Monday, declaring a "Stay at Home Day" for national prayer, reflection and education.

"We are a nation of [people who pray]. Ebola is real. This is a collective fight. The very essence of our nation is at stake," he said. "We must act, we must pray, we must persevere."

In bustling downtown Freetown, Yeanoh Papas says she had been living in constant fear of contracting the Ebola virus, especially when her child took ill.

"We've been told there's no cure for it, and because of all the fright around it, we are even afraid of reporting ourselves to the hospital," she says. "My daughter fell sick recently, and I was so frightened I did not take her to the hospital. I called on one of my sisters, who is a nurse, and she came and treated her at home. And now my daughter is well again. Whatever ailment comes our way now, they say is Ebola. So we're all frightened."

But now that Papas understands more about Ebola, she says, she would take her daughter or herself to the hospital if she detected symptoms.

Opinions are mixed, but there's a strong dose of Ebola deniers-- those who don't believe the virus exists at all. Zainab Koroma, a street hawker, is adamant it isn't real.

"I do not believe Ebola exists because none of my family members has been affected by it," she says. "When you get sick of cholera, they say it is Ebola. When your body temperature rises, they say it is Ebola. So I honestly don't believe Ebola exists. There could be a lot of other diseases killing people."

That's one of the challenges facing Sierra Leone — trying to convince the nation that "Ebola is real, Ebola is here, and Ebola kills," as one poster reads. Some people do survive, if they receive medical care early, as soon as they fall sick.

The case of 32-year-old Saudata Koroma transfixed the nation late last month. She was brought to a faded blue government hospital in Freetown, feeling unwell, and was admitted.

"Yes, and we were suspicious that she had Ebola, and she was put in isolation," says Amadu Sesay, the doctor in charge of the hospital. "The tests proved she had Ebola. Prior to the arrival of the test results, the relatives of the patient stormed the facility. They stormed this hospital and took the patient away."

When his staff learned Koroma had Ebola, Sesay says, they had to track her down. But it took some time. "She was put in an ambulance, but unfortunately on the way to [an Ebola clinic in] Kailahun, she died," he says.

Sesay says Koroma's case and death show that Sierra Leoneans need more counseling and education about the virus.

"The question is actually denial. When we traced them [Koroma's parents], eventually, where they kept her hidden, they still were not convinced she had Ebola," Sesay says. "They chased us away. They said she doesn't have Ebola. They denied. That sends a very dangerous message out there."

Sesay and many others say global assistance — such as many more specialists and health workers on the ground — is needed to help Sierra Leone and its neighbors, Liberia and Guinea,control thedevastatingEbola outbreak in the region.

Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.

Transcript

DAVID GREENE, HOST:

This is MORNING EDITION from NPR News. Good morning, I'm David Greene.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

And I'm Steve Inskeep. In West Africa, the Ebola virus is still claiming lives at an alarming rate. In fact, the death toll is now over 900. Today the World Health Organization is holding an emergency session to decide what to do to contain the virus. And one epicenter of the outbreak is the country of Sierra Leone. That's where NPR's Ofeibea Quist-Arcton is covering the story.

OFEIBEA QUIST-ARCTON, BYLINE: In all Sierra Leone's local languages, Ebola awareness announcements are being played repeatedly on the radio and on loudspeakers up and down Freetown. The pretty but ramshackle oceanfront capital, with its hills, and colorfully painted old wooden houses. President Ernest Bai Koroma has ordered troops and security forces to enforce strict new measures, including the quarantine of homes and zones where Ebola has been detected, especially in hard-hit eastern Sierra Leone. He addressed the nation on Monday - declared a stay-at-home day for national prayer, reflection and education.

ERNEST BAI KOROMA: We are a nation prayers. Ebola is real. This is a collective fight. The very essence of our nation is at stake.

QUIST-ARCTON: I'm in downtown Freetown. Let's find out from Sierra Leoneans what they feel about Ebola and about the president's announcement of a public health emergency. Good afternoon ma'am. Can I ask your name please?

YEANOH PAPAS: Yeanoh Papas.

QUIST-ARCTON: What are your views on Ebola?

PAPAS: (Through translator) Ebola is a very dangerous and terrible disease, I've been told. I've been told there's no cure for it and because of all of the fright around it, we are even afraid of reporting ourselves to the hospital. My daughter fell sick recently and I was so frightened that I did not take her to the hospital. Whatever ailment comes our way now, they say it's Ebola. So we're all frightened.

QUIST-ARCTON: But there is a strong dose of Ebola skeptics - those who do not believe the virus exists at all. This young woman, Zainab Koroma, a street hawker, is adamant there's no such thing as Ebola.

ZAINAB KOROMA: (Through translator) I do not believe that Ebola exists, because none of my family members has been affected by it.

QUIST-ARCTON: So what do you think are dying from here in Sierra Leone?

Z. KOROMA: (Through translator) When you get sick of cholera, they say it's Ebola. When your body temperature rises or increases a bit, they say it's Ebola. So do not honestly believe Ebola exists. There could be a lot of other illnesses killing people

QUIST-ARCTON: That's one of the challenges facing Sierra Leone - trying to convince the nation that Ebola is real, Ebola is here and Ebola kills, as one poster reads. Some people do survive if they receive medical care as soon as they fall sick. The case of 32-year-old Saudatu Koroma transfixed the nation late last month. She was brought to this faded blue government hospital in Freetown feeling unwell, and was admitted. The doctor in charge of the hospital, Amadu Sesay, takes up the story.

AMADU SESAY: Yes, we are suspicious that she had Ebola. Prior to the arrival of the test results, the relatives of the patient - they stormed this hospital and then took the patient away. And then when the results came, we knew she had Ebola - we had to trace the patient. And we succeeded in tracking her down. Unfortunately on the way to Kailahun, she died.

QUIST-ARCTON: The doctor Sesay says the case and death of Saudatu Koroma shows that Sierra Leoneans need more counseling and education.

SESAY: The question is actually denial. You know, when we traced them and when I saw them where they kept her hidden, they still - we are not convinced that she had Ebola. They chased us away.

QUIST-ARCTON: Saying what?

SESAY: They said she doesn't have Ebola. They denied and they could not - they just did not believe that she had Ebola. That sends a very dangerous message out there. If you have people denying that the disease exists to the extent of carting a patient away - it is a public health danger. It is a challenge actually, and I feel bad about the whole episode.

QUIST-ARCTON: Dr. Sesay and many others say global assistance is needed to help Sierra Leone and its neighbors control the Ebola outbreak in the region. Ofeibea Quist-Arcton, NPR News, Freetown. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.