Tuesday, January 01, 2008

Paraphrases of actual questions asked are in blue. I'm not simply giving my opinions, but seeking to always represent the Church's teachings. To the extent that I fail to do so, blame me, not the Church!

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I have heard that some 70% of Catholics do not live by the prohibition of contraception. God help us. It's very deeply ingrained in western "civilization" today that sexual matters are one's own business and not to be delved into by the Church. It's part and parcel of the post-Enlightenment, post-sexual revolution increasing privatization of religion.

The problem is that there is no hiding from God (in the bedroom or anywhere else). He created sexuality and He knows how it best works and what is right and wrong. Contraception is condemned in Holy Scripture itself (way back in Genesis 38; the Onan incident), so obviously God thought it was a very important matter.

Otherwise, why should anyone care that Onan spilled his seed on the ground (and was killed by God for doing so)? It's just biology and a natural function, right? So our society tells us . . .

People have always fought against Christian sexual and familial teachings, and they always will. It's human nature. So it has been an uphill battle at all times, but today it's really difficult because of the mass media, spreading damnable lies to and fro every hour of the day.

Why would Onan be killed for the sin of contraception, and why was this such a rare occurrence, when on the other hand, entire cities were massacred at God's command?

First, God generally worked differently at that time with human beings because it was very early in human history. As we have learned more things, He is generally more merciful to us, though we have plenty of crosses societally in the modern age.

Secondly, corporate judgment of cities and nations is a different concept from individual judgment. We could all be judged in one second and killed, and it would be perfectly just for God to do so, because we never fully live up to His standards. But because God is love and because He is so merciful, He doesn't do that.

Thirdly, God killed (i.e., judged) individual people at times to uphold a principle, such as the time the guy died when he was carrying the ark of the covenant, and tried to (innocently) prevent it from falling, or Ananias in the book of Acts, who lied to the Holy Spirit and was killed by God. The laws of nature seem merciless, too. If you fall off of a mountain, you are likely to be killed. That doesn't make the mountain evil or suspect. It is what it is, and stable natural laws are necessary for the world to make sense and to be orderly.

Fourthly, the problem of the contraception advocate (and believer in biblical inspiration, and one who assumes that God is not an arbitrary, capricious, cosmic tyrant) lies in explaining why Onan was killed at all, if contraception is so innocent of any wrongness.

As for OT cases of seeming genocide (a huge subject in and of itself), see my papers:

Priestly celibacy is not a matter of renunciation of the natural per se; it is an embracing of the spiritual higher calling of total consecration to God. The latter is an explicit biblical concept: dealt with at length by St. Paul in 1 Corinthians 7. That is not anti-natural in a Manichaean or Gnostic sense because no priest is saying that marriage or sexuality is evil in and of itself. It is heroic renunciation of what is good, for the sake of following God with undivided commitment, as the Apostle Paul explained.

Contraception, on the other hand, involves another human being: the one who might exist but for the selfish and deliberate act to engage in sex without being open to the possibility of what sex was designed by God to produce: a new human being. So there is no ethical equation between the two things at all.

Is getting pets fixed a sin?

I don't believe so. Animals do not have souls. That makes them fundamentally different from human beings. They are not made in God's image. That is why killing a deer to eat meat is not an act of murder.

Can Catholics morally decide when to have children and how many?

Pope Paul VI said "yes" in Humanae Vitae. It is reasonable to space and limit children for the appropriate reasons. To use my own example: my wife has had six miscarriages, two seriously problematic pregnancies (we're talking bed rest for months, etc.), very serious post-partum depression, and we've never had much money (apologetics not being a lucrative profession, and she home-schools, so we don't have two incomes). Those are all quite sufficient reasons to limit further children. So we tried not to after two, but lo and behold, God had other plans. He gave us two more, including our first daughter (our fourth of four). And praise God that He did!

The difference between artificial conception and NFP may be subtle, but it is crucial and essential. I have described it as follows:

1. Contraception:A) Deliberately willing the nonexistence of this possible child that might be conceived as a result of this act of intercourse, and the regarding of such a child as an "accident" rather than part of God's will and providence.B) This mentality is what led inexorably to legal abortion (not inevitably as an opinion in every individual case -- I was always a strong pro-lifer when I contracepted -- , but as a general principle of applying the notion of a child being an "accident" or "unwanted").C) Even in terms of legal case law precedent, legal contraception led to legal abortion.2. Natural Family Planning:A) The decision to not conceive a child at a given time, for legitimate, grave reasons, without refusing the possibilities of a child being conceived in a particular conjugal act (the non-willing of a particular child), since that act did not take place.B) A refusal to separate the pleasure of sex from its deepest purpose, and willingness to always keep them together, or else to abstain in order to maintain the natural pairing and unity of the two aspects.C) Acceptance of any children conceived as a result of improper practice of NFP as a gift of God (i.e., God knows more than we do about the future and our circumstances).

Again, this is very subtle, but it is a real and important difference. If anyone has difficulty understanding the above distinction, just read it a few times and think about it. Don't feel bad. I read it again myself, because it is very subtle. For further reading along these lines (for onlookers):

The Church does not require Catholics to simply "leave everything to God" or to "let nature take its course." No; God includes human beings in important choices. We are not obliged to have 20 kids. We are obliged to abstain from sexual activity during fertile periods if in fact we have appropriate reasons to limit children. This is a huge difference. What is prohibited is the contralife will and thwarting of natural law. Simple abstention does not do that.

Is this not an instance of the Church unduly interfering with people's private lives?

The conception of life is an extremely serious matter. It is within the Church's purview to protect innocent life and to uphold the dignity of both new life and of the act of marriage. Our society has taken an extremely beautiful thing and made it selfish pleasure. This has in turn led to the denigration of women because they have been made into objects. NFP is beautiful because it creates oneness and understanding in the marriage relationship. Marital chastity is a great virtue to cultivate. I do not own my wife. She is not some sex slave every time I get in the mood. This is why the theology of the body is such a timely topic today. It's a sorely needed message.

What does the Church teach about oral sex?

If it existed on its own with no connection whatsoever to intercourse, as an end in itself leading to climax (i.e., not as a form of foreplay) then it would clearly be condemned by the Church's teaching on moral marital sexuality. It wouldn't have to specifically be mentioned, because it would be a species of the larger set of acts that violate the inherent bond between sexuality and openness to life. It would be essentially the same as mutual ("consummated") masturbation, and masturbation is clearly objectively a mortal sin in Catholic teaching. If orgasm is separated from where it belongs, in proximity to intercourse, it is prohibited, because it is essentially ethically identical to masturbation.

Homosexual sex would be another example of the same principle. It is wrong because it is 1) unnatural (St. Paul's argument in Romans 1) and 2) intrinsically non-procreative. I would also add that homosexual acts create a host of health problems because they utilize the body in a way that was not designed by God. Any ejaculation outside of vaginal intercourse is prohibited. Really, though, even if it isn't spelled out, it is already deduced in the prohibitions of masturbation and sodomy.

I found someone expressing the exact view that I have given. It is from the blog Right Reason (I think recent convert Dr. Francis Beckwith is affiliated with it). Responding to Andrew Sullivan's book, The Conservative Soul, Edward Feser writes:

Sullivan offers several more direct objections to the natural law claim that it is immoral to engage in sexual acts while frustrating their procreative function. None of these objections is very impressive, and some of them seem to rest on a poor understanding (or at least poor exposition) of both traditional natural law theory and Catholic teaching.

For example, Sullivan describes a “Catholic married couple who live their lives according to natural law in every respect” as one who “never engage in any sexual act that does not result in the penis depositing semen in a vagina” (p. 84). If what he means by this is that the Catholic Church or natural law theory forbids acts like fellatio and cunnilingus even between married people, he is mistaken. What is forbidden is taking fellatio to the point of orgasm, or taking cunnilingus to orgasm outside the overall context of a completed act of intercourse; it is not necessarily forbidden to indulge in them as foreplay to an act of intercourse that results in ejaculation within the vagina. Perhaps Sullivan realizes this, but if so he should have expressed himself more clearly, since he is bound to give unwary readers the impression that natural law and Catholic teaching are more restrictive than they really are.

He also expresses himself badly when he gives the impression that the Church and natural law theory hold that after pregnancy, a married couple need “to refrain from any sexual activity in those nine months, to avoid activity ‘contrary’ to nature” (ibid.), a teaching whose justification he says is “hard to see” (p. 85). It should be hard to see, since neither the Catholic Church nor natural law theory actually teaches any such thing. Both allow that sex between a husband and his pregnant wife is perfectly legitimate. Again, it may be that Sullivan realizes this, and that what he is really saying is that even though the theory does allow this, it cannot do so consistently with its prohibition on contraception. And again, if so, he should make this clear, because readers unfamiliar with Catholic teaching or natural law theory would definitely get a misleading impression from Sullivan’s text.

Christopher West: the author who writes a lot about theology of the body, makes the same argument:

The acts by which spouses lovingly prepare each other for genital intercourse (foreplay) are honorable and good. But stimulation of each other’s genitals to the point of climax apart from an act of normal intercourse is nothing other than mutual masturbation… An important point of clarification is needed.

Since it’s the male orgasm that’s inherently linked with the possibility of new life, the husband must never intentionally ejaculate outside of his wife’s vagina. Since the female orgasm, however, isn’t necessarily linked to the possibility of conception, so long as it takes place within the overall context of an act of intercourse, it need not, morally speaking, be during actual penetration… Ideally, the wife’s orgasm would happen simultaneously with her husband’s (orgasm), but this is easier said than done for many couples. In fact, if the wife’s orgasm isn’t achieved during the natural course of foreplay and consummation, it would be the loving thing for the husband to stimulate his wife to climax thereafter (if she so desired).

[S]uch activity should not be continued to the point of orgasm… Sexual climax, however, is to occur only after vaginal penetration…

On another matter of marital sexuality, some wives may need reassurance. Should it happen that she fails to achieve sexual fulfillment in the act of sexual intercourse, a woman is morally permitted, according to the Church’s teaching, to seek and achieve orgasm by other means.

The Catechism implies the same in its prohibition of masturbation (#2352) and homosexual acts (#2357). The latter states in part:

Basing itself on Sacred Scripture, which presents homosexual acts as acts of grave depravity, tradition has always declared that "homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered." They are contrary to the natural law. They close the sexual act to the gift of life. They do not proceed from a genuine affective and sexual complementarity.

But in any event, the Church is not against female orgasm! If it doesn't occur during intercourse (which is quite common, I suspect), then it is fully permissible to obtain it by other means in proximity to intercourse, but not separated from it. This is important because some might misinterpret Church teaching to mean that intercourse excludes orgasm, if the latter didn't occur during the former, and in so doing, is somehow "anti-women." Quite the contrary. The female orgasm can be sought either before or after intercourse, as long as it is not separated from intercourse, becoming, in effect, masturbation.

The Church is not "anti-pleasure." Nor is God, since He created taste buds that have no relation to nutrition and the female orgasm that has no intrinsic biological connection to reproduction. Biologically-speaking, or in terms of survival, neither is necessary at all. God designed then strictly for pleasure. But both work in conjunction with things that do have practical functions: the nutrition that food is primarily intended to give and the reproduction that is the deepest purpose of sexuality.Can you explain the logic of never allowing a separation of the unitive and procreative functions of sex?

The point is not that intense pleasure has to be present every time a couple have sex. Good grief; any married couple knows that is not the case. The point is the prohibition of deliberate separation of sex from procreation, so that the latter is rendered naturally impossible or nearly so. It is referring to the immoral deliberate separation of the two functions, not making a positive pronouncement.

So if you don't intend to have sex at the right time, according to the Church, don't hug or touch your spouse!

There is plenty of affection that can be had without it intending to "go all the way", as anyone who has managed to succeed in a chaste premarital relationship knows firsthand.

Why assume that God can't overcome the obstacle of birth control if He wants a child conceived?

God can do whatever He wants. This isn't about God, but about the human contralife will. God gave us a free will to do evil and also to understand why something is evil and to stop doing it (with the necessary aid of His wonderful enabling grace).

What happened in your case of using NFP and having ample reasons to not have further children, but having two more?

It's pretty simple: my wife is both 1) exceptionally fertile and 2) has highly irregular menstrual cycles. Both of these factors mitigate against a foolproof use of NFP if trying (for legitimate reasons and in accordance with the Church) to avoid further pregnancies. But she is atypical, and so her case can't be generalized to everyone who practices NFP.

God knew better, as our third son and our only daughter are tremendous blessings to our family, which is immeasurably enriched by them. If we had chosen to contracept, then we would have missed out on that blessing, and God's hands would be "tied," so to speak. But since we were open to any new life that God would choose to give us (despite the difficulties that caused us to try to not have more children), we didn't cut ourselves off from what God desired us to have. Used correctly and properly, NFP is as effective statistically as the Pill in avoiding pregnancy, and does not cause early abortions, as the pill does. It's not contralife. If a couple learns it and uses it properly, it is extremely trustworthy, because it is based on the physiological signs of when a woman is fertile, which can be learned.

Is NFP acceptable because it is natural, as opposed to artificial contraception?

The ethical difference is not "natural vs. unnatural" but rather: "contralife intent vs. openness to life." The contracepting couple has sex whenever they want, with little chance of becoming pregnant. The NFP couple abstains during fertile periods if they have a proper reason to not have further children. That doesn't separate the two functions because it honors God by not having sex anyway during fertile periods, and making it virtually impossible to conceive (as contracepting couples do). NFP is in accordance with the natural rhythms of the reproductive cycle and natural law. The ethical distinction has been put as follows:

1) Contraception: avoiding this child that would be conceived if one had been open to life, and seeking to block any possible conception.

2) NFP: avoiding conception by abstention, while accepting an unplanned conception that occurs as God's will for the couple and the new life.

Why is sex during pregnancy or post-menopause okay, since there is no chance for procreation?

Because no one is deliberately trying to avoid conception. That has been taken out of the equation by God's will for the ending of the reproductive capacity in the post-menopausal woman and the inability of a pregnant woman to conceive during that time.

The sin lies in deliberately having sex when the woman is fertile but frustrating what would possibly happen naturally, by contracepting. This is having sex purely for pleasure's sake. The NFP couple will abstain during those times if they are planning not to have more children.

So at times sex for pleasure is okay, when the woman is infertile and there is complete openness to the small possibility of conception?

Yes. Being open to life means there is no contralife will, wherein the evil lies. The Church has never opposed sex during pregnancy, or menstruation, or between a man and a woman who is infertile, or between a man with an inadequate sperm count and a woman, or for older couples (post-menopausal women). These situations do not involve the deliberate artificial suppression of what might happen, because fertility is rendered impossible or highly unlikely due to reasons other than the couple's deliberate acts of artificial prevention.

Is it wrong to use NFP for an indefinite period of time?

Absolutely. That would be an instance of using the right, moral thing (NFP) for the wrong reasons; therefore, an abuse of it and what it is intended for. NFP is not simply "Catholic contraception" just as a legitimate annulment is not "Catholic divorce." In both cases, there are essential, fundamental differences.

But isn't this a bunch of unreasonable legalistic rules? It takes all the fun and spontaneity out of sex!

I wasn't the ones bringing up very specific "PG-13" questions about sex. Others did that. My job is to present the teaching of the Church as best I can, and (as an apologist) to defend it a bit. But once I have carefully answered your questions, then you imply that it is a legalistic thing and takes all the joy out of sex. But could I have done, other than what I did? How am I supposed to answer a question about rightness or wrongness of various sexual acts without delving into particulars, and the rationales for how and why the Church makes the distinctions that it makes? But if I do that, I (and at bottom, the Church herself, since I am merely repeating her teachings) get accused of legalism. This is not fair at all because you eliminate the very possibility of a rational, factual answer.

Isn't good intention and being loving more important than legalistic rules?

If one goes this route without examining and pondering the reasons for why the Church forbids certain acts then I don't see how homosexual acts or bestiality or masturbation (or adulterous intercourse, for that matter) would also be allowed as permissible, by the same token. People who advocate those things have all sorts of defenses based on how loving they are and with what pure motivation they engage in the acts. We also have to examine the thing itself. Now, I'm not saying that everyone who reasons in such a fashion advocates these other things. I'm saying that the reasoning used reduces to a state of affairs where it seems that those things would be sanctioned by the same reasoning. It's what is called in logic a reductio ad absurdum, in other words.

Many respond to these teachings and restrictions emotionally (understandably so). It is a serious ethical issue that cannot be approached purely on an emotional level, but has to be carefully thought about and reasoned through.

But wouldn't these teachings cause many to leave the Church or choose to sin in order to preserve the happiness in their marriage?

That is never the only choice. If one believes that the Church's teachings are true, one is duty-bound to follow them. And whether the teachings are true does not depend on emotional reaction to the truths. That must be based on faith and reasoning and examination. And if what is included in that truth is sexual morality and ethics, then one must follow that, too. Many folks think this is too difficult? I don't think so. Longtime Christians have read in the Bible that "I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me" and understand enabling grace. Christians have the Holy Spirit living within them. They have the benefit of the sacrament of baptism. It is amazing what people can do with the power of faith and a loving God giving them the ability to do so. So this is also a test of faith. But what it is not is merely an emotional question that can be decided on those grounds alone.

No one said Christianity was easy. The sexual teachings are very difficult. If one is in a situation where an annulment is required, that is not the Church's or God's fault. Arguably it may not be the fault of the person seeking it, either, depending on the situation, but it is certainly not the fault of the Church that a person gets into such a situation in the first place.

But God does promise that we can endure virtually anything with His help and aid. We're all faced with this in a variety of ways, not just sexual. We mustn't buy the devil's lie that we have no choice but to sin. That is never the case. People have chosen to die rather than deny the truths of the faith or God Himself. If they could do that, certainly we can go through far less difficult things, compared to being eaten by a lion, or starving to death in a dungeon.

What does "unitive function" mean in Catholic teaching?

In Catholic sexual teaching it means the pleasure of moral (marital) sexuality and the intense, beautiful bonding and oneness that occurs between a man and wife as a result: a picture of the unity and love between Christ and His Church.

Is this not a type of Puritanistic or Victorian disdain of sexuality?

I can assure everyone that I am no Puritan or prude or somehow against the pleasure of sex or against anyone enjoying it. Nor is the Church (though this is a very widespread stereotype). Nothing gives me more joy on a purely human, experiential level than being one with my wife in that way. But part of the joy (and, ahem, "success") that we experience is based on the fact that it is moral sexuality with no guilt brought on by some sin involved. In fact, it is known now through several scientific polling studies that so-called more "progressive" or "promiscuous" couples who "played the field" quite a bit are actually less sexually fulfilled in the long term than a couple like my wife and I: neither of whom had sex with anyone else before we married. I reported some of these findings and discussed them in the following paper:

Catholic morality is the means to obtain a truly fulfilling sexual happiness for life. That sure ain't the stereotype, but it is based on the facts, that can be verified. I know a little bit about such studies as I majored in sociology and minored in psychology.

What about having to abstain from sex and living like a brother and sister while awaiting an annulment of a previous marriage? Surely this is an unreasonable and impossible demand, no?

If one is in a relationship situation while a previous ostensible "marriage" in all likelihood going to be proclaimed not a marriage at all, according to Church teaching (i.e., annulled), then before the actual decision, if the couple believes that the Church is correct in its assessment, they would have no choice but to abstain from sexual relations; otherwise it would be objectively adultery. They would even be duty-bound in conscience to do so. Cohabitation involves the same type of sin for never-marrieds: sex outside of a properly-determined bond of marriage. Such a couple should abstain precisely because it has been determined that they are not properly married. Once that is settled then there is no problem. The Church only suggests abstinence in cases where there is an irregularity of a previous (civil) marriage or when there has not yet been a marriage (i.e., it prohibits cohabitation).

People can get mad at me for saying this if they want to. I didn't make the rules; God did, and the Catholic Church tries to follow God's morality as best as is possible, by God's grace. People can "shoot the messenger" if they like, but that doesn't change the fact that if the messenger is conveying what is the biblical teaching, then what he is saying has been revealed to us by God Himself. If people want to "shoot" God, that is up to them! What God teaches us is always best for us, no matter how difficult it may be. We cannot deliberately choose sin; knowing it to be sin.

There is no overemphasizing the extreme importance of wisdom and discretion in choosing a spouse. One's entire future life will be affected by that decision. It should be soaked in prayer and consultation.

How should Catholics and other Christians discuss sex in mixed company?It can easily cross the line into impropriety (and quite possibly an occasion of sin for some), to discuss the topic in certain "overly inquisitive" ways. We can talk about it within certain bounds. Catholics and those with a healthy Christian view of sexuality are not (or should not be) prudes and Puritans. But we want to avoid going too far in the other direction, too. Openness and frankness is good to a point, as long as the discussion doesn't cross certain lines of violation of privacy and titillation. I think we all pretty much know where that line lies.

Christians are different from our larger culture, which we know is sex-crazed. That doesn't mean we cover it up and don't talk about it. Not at all. Quite the contrary: we need to "reclaim" sexuality from pagan, selfish culture. This was, in fact, a significant goal of the late great Pope John Paul II, in his teaching on theology of the body, which was a wonderful and much-needed development in theology. But we must always keep in mind certain precautions and prudential matters in discussing it that are appropriate for a Christian. We don't want to cause anyone to stumble (definitely a biblical principle, from Paul).

Sexual talk has a way of crossing that line very quickly, just as us weak men can look at a beautiful woman, and before long, we can easily be in moral trouble with lust. We need to strive for a balance between an open, positive discussion of sexuality: God's great gift, and elements that many would not consider edifying.

What can be done about the widespread problem of pornography?

Pornographic addiction is a huge problem. I think it should be attacked not only from a 12-step program, like other addictions, but from a searing analysis of why someone feels a need to get into it in the first place. All of us men know that it is very easy to fall into lust. That much is no mystery whatsoever. We know we have to watch ourselves and be vigilant at all times against that. Women can speak to what is difficult for them, but (speaking as a man just about men for a moment) I think both sexes know the problem that men have with the visual aspect of sexuality and getting carried away with fantasies and temptation.

It's quite easy to explain pornographic addiction by the visual aspect of men's sexuality, but I still think there are other and/or deeper causes that contribute to one man falling into this, whereas the next man does not. I'm no expert on what these deeper causes might be (there could be a number of them). I'm just speculating out loud.

I do know that both husbands and wives can fall into a sort of prudery or lack of interest in sex that can cause the spouse to suffer needlessly, and I think those situations need to be dealt with pronto, to correct them, before more serious problems arise (pornography, adultery, masturbation, divorce, strained relations in general). Marriage is not to be that way, but rather, the "two are one flesh." We need to think of how to please our spouse, as an expression of love, and to be open to new life in doing so, so that the pleasure is not an end in itself.

The biology doesn't take planning and preparation. Everyone understands the basics of that! But the larger picture of love, caring, concern, romance, commitment and expression of same, pleasing the other, appreciation, holidays and special times, getting away, creating romantic environments and atmosphere, takes a great deal of preparation, and I think they are supremely important (and strongly urge all men to ponder this if they haven't done so much up till now).

As a guy who is approaching 50, I can testify that these things become more important the older you get. I believe this is generally true of men. We actually become more like women in that regard (which is great). As we get older, the non-physical and "psychological " aspects of romance, etc. (or physical things like perfume, enticing lingerie, etc.) become more important. And, I understand that a woman's sexual drive often increases, the older she gets, so they become more like men. The two genders thus become more alike as time goes on. This is great news!

These sorts of things may help to prevent a temptation to access pornography. Make your sexual life with your spouse exciting and enticing and adventurous (without sinning, of course!).

Can you talk a bit about the Catholic view regarding orgasm?There is nothing wrong whatsoever with orgasm. It was God's idea. It becomes wrong when made an end in itself (as discussed above). That rules out all forms of it that are separated from vaginal intercourse (for the male) or during or at least close in time to intercourse for the female. The Church doesn't require female orgasm to always have to be right during intercourse, but it should be connected to it time-wise (in proximity) and not separated so that it is an entity in and of itself, since the latter would hardly be distinguishable from masturbation, which is an objectively mortal sin. In other words, it must maintain some connection to openness to new life in sexual relations, which is intercourse.

In Catholic teaching, sexuality should not be disconnected from procreation, pleasure and procreation go together, and the male orgasm should always be in the context of intercourse. It's pleasurable by its nature, and designed by God as such, so we should not frown upon the pleasure at all. It's a gift from God. It so happens that male orgasm is directly tied to biological procreation, but it doesn't follow from that that the pleasure is somehow a bad or shameful thing. It's not at all.

The female orgasm has no strictly biological function. It is purely (like taste buds) for pleasure and that is how God designed it.

The emphasis above is on "strictly" and "function." When I say "biological" here, I mean some function that perpetuates a biological organism or has a place in a hierarchy of other such biological functions. For example, digestion is a necessary function for the processing of food: without which we cannot survive. It's not optional in terms of actual survival. Likewise, breathing, heartbeat, the immune system, etc.

One direct analogy in this respect to orgasm (as indicated) is taste buds. These are not absolutely biologically necessary, strictly speaking. If we didn't have them, it wouldn't make a bit of difference, in terms of being able to eat and receiving the benefits therefrom. God gave us taste buds because He likes physical things. He wanted us to have an additional sense to enjoy His creation.

It is true, however, to qualify a bit, that bad taste often indicates "unhealthy" so that a sour or bitter taste often means the food is not good. In that sense, taste buds are functional. But I would contend that this is secondary. We could still learn by experience (of others) that "poisonous mushrooms kill people" and learn not to eat them.

If we talk in the very broadest sense, we could make an argument that taste buds and female orgasm serve a biological purpose in relaxing or pleasing a woman, which is important to psychological well-being and thus indirectly productive of health, given the mind-body relationship, etc. I realize that, which is why I was careful to throw the word "strictly" in there.

My larger (positive, not negative) point was that God likes pleasure. In other words, "He created the female orgasm strictly for pleasure, because He likes pleasure and wants us to experience it. Therefore, we ought to like such pleasure too." This crushes the notion that God is somehow against either sex or the pleasure in sex. And it goes against the idea that pleasure is not a necessary component to the complete sexual experience between man and wife.

A man who neglects his wife's orgasm is sinning greatly against her and causing a possible occasion of sin. This is not God's will. If he doesn't know what he is doing and can't bring it about, then he ought to learn yesterday and stop exploiting his wife. If men like that were required to not have an orgasm themselves every time they didn't care about whether they wife enjoyed one, I bet they would learn quick enough!

Likewise, a wife who shows little interest in fulfilling her husband's legitimate needs, sins against him. This becomes especially important in the context of NFP, where communication is crucial, to know "when" and "when not to." Communication and openness are the keys to that.

I think it is important that both husbands and wives treat their spouses with the courtesy that they extend to any stranger on the phone or at the bank or supermarket. Stuff like that creates an atmosphere where sex will be more desired and more satisfying. It begins in the kitchen or at the front door when one spouse arrives home after work, etc., etc. Look nice and act your best as much as possible for your spouse. Act like you did on your first date and you can't go far wrong.

11 comments:

Not intrinsically. Of course that gets into the much larger and far more complex question of modesty. But even today, most lingerie is worn behind closed doors, where it is perfectly legitimate between a married couple.

Thank you for this very interesting article! What puzzles me a lot - what is the right choice if one of the spouses accepts the teaching of the Church and the other does not and wants sex with contraception (e.g. during the fertile days, while the couple is not planning a child) and this situation creates bad tension in marriage? And let's add that attempts to explain the Church's teaching and convience the spouse fail. Can one - reluctantly and explaining clearly own point of view - agree on sex using contraception and be morally justified or should one remain strict with the principles, refuse - and risk this way the problems you mentioned ("pornography, adultery, masturbation, divorce, strained relations in general")? I really count on your answer on this answer, thanks for you help in advance!

A Catholic can never agree to contraception during the fertile periods. That would be mortal sin.

It's difficult with a partner who believes differently, of course, but I would say that most people can agree that a person shouldn't be forced, in effect, to violate their own conscience, and the other partner should understand that underlying principle.

A "mixed" couple would have to agree to have sex during non-fertile periods if conception is being avoided.

Is it really like that? Even if the marriage unity is under a serious threat?

How do you see this problem in the light of "Casta Connubii" encyclical of Pius XI? Let me cite:

"59. Holy Church knows well that not infrequently one of the parties is sinned against rather than sinning, when for a grave cause he or she reluctantly allows the perversion of the right order. In such a case, there is no sin, provided that, mindful of the law of charity, he or she does not neglect to seek to dissuade and to deter the partner from sin. Nor are those considered as acting against nature who in the married state use their right in the proper manner although on account of natural reasons either of time or of certain defects, new life cannot be brought forth. For in matrimony as well as in the use of the matrimonial rights there are also secondary ends, such as mutual aid, the cultivating of mutual love, and the quieting of concupiscence which husband and wife are not forbidden to consider so long as they are subordinated to the primary end and so long as the intrinsic nature of the act is preserved. "

Q. This is a very difficult issue: What should a spouse do if her husband insists on using contraceptives, even though she feels that it is morally wrong? Is there some resource she can use to talk to him? What does she need to do if he refuses to listen?

Your question is fundamentally about cooperation in evil. So, the question is asked, “Can a person in good conscience ever cooperate in evil?” The answer is “yes,” but only for proportionate reasons. In such cases the cooperation must be under protest and indirect.

In your case, since you have a well-formed conscience, it would be a serious sin for you to use contraception (pills or devices or sterilization). If your husband insists on using contraception, then he has to be the contracepting person — not you — and in that case he commits the sin, not you.

The Church, in her pastoral wisdom, addressed this case years ago in the papal encyclical Casti Conubii, written by Pope Pius XI and promulgated Dec. 31, 1930. In that papal document he wrote:

“Holy Church knows well that not infrequently one of the parties is sinned against rather than sinning, when for a grave cause he or she reluctantly allows the perversion of the right order. In such a case, there is no sin, provided that, mindful of the law of charity, he or she does not neglect to seek to dissuade and to deter the partner from sin” (No. 59).

If the husband uses a condom during marital relations, he commits the mortal sin, not the wife. She is being “sinned against rather than sinning.” She can only cooperate in such an evil when “for a grave cause she reluctantly allows the perversion of the right order.” What would be such a “grave cause”? The husband might leave her or go somewhere else and commit adultery and thus destroy the family. If she were to cooperate, it must be “reluctantly,” and she must pray for him and continue to try to change his heart.

If it is licit for a wife to seek and obtain orgasm after her husband has ejaculated within her vagina, is this something she must pursue immediately? Before he withdraws? 5 minutes later? 5 hours later? 5 days later? 5 weeks later? People, herewith women, want to know just how much they can get away with without sinning.

It should be as closely in conjunction with the male orgasm as is possible to achieve, so that pleasure is not separated from the openness of the marital act to potential new life.

Catholic teaching holds that a separation of the unitive and procreative functions of sexuality is sin. Hence, e.g., in homosexual sex, where no procreation is even possible, it is clearly sinful and unnatural according to Catholic teaching on sexuality.

Likewise with female or male (heterosexual) masturbation, which changes the goal and nature of the act and completely separates it from procreation and self-giving . . .

From reading what I could find about the Sacred Congregation's "restrained," perhaps even "grudging," 1853 approval of or permission to married couples to practice scheduled abstinence contraception, today called "NFP," the approval was as a LESS IMMORAL alternative to Onania. Wives were distressed that they were being forced (they could not prevent their husbands pulling out before insemination) to participate in a "mortal" sin. If scheduled abstinence was practiced, at least the wife received her husband's semen, though he intending not during the likely fertile phase of the wife's cycle.The Protestant Episcopal Church of England held out against all forms of contraception between spouses until in 1930 opening the gate wide. The Protestant Churches gradually followed suit until today many "mainstream" Protestant clergymen encourage newly married couples to contracept for perhaps a year to "get to know one another" before procreating. Some Catholic priests give similar counsel.

--- Marcus Grodi (director of The Coming Home Network, and host of the EWTN television show: The Journey Home)

I highly recommend his work, A Biblical Defense of Catholicism, which I find to be thoroughly orthodox, well-written, and effective for the purpose of making Catholic truth more understandable and accessible to the public at large.

God bless you in your indefatigable labors on behalf of the Faith! Only God knows how many lives your efforts have touched with the truth. . . . God bless you and give you joy and strength in persevering in your important ministry.

There is someone out there who says what I have to say much better than I ever could -- the smartest Catholic apologist I know of -- Dave Armstrong.

--- Amy Welborn (Catholic author and blogmaster)

I love your books, love your site, love everything you do. God bless you in your work. I'm very grateful for all you've done, and for all you make available. If someone pitches a hard question at me, I go first to your site. Then I send the questioner directly to the page that best answers the question. I know it's going to be on your site.

--- Mike Aquilina (Catholic apologist and author of several books)

People regularly tell me how much they appreciate your work. This new book sounds very useful. Your website is incredible and I recommend it regularly to new Catholics.

--- Al Kresta (Host of Kresta in the Afternoon [EWTN], author of Why Do Catholics Genuflect? and other books)

Dave Armstrong's book A Biblical Defense of Catholicism was one of the first Catholic apologetics books that I read when I was exploring Catholicism. Ever since then, I have continued to appreciate how he articulates the Catholic Faith through his blog and books. I still visit his site when I need a great quote or clarification regarding anything . . . Dave is one of the best cyber-apologists out there.--- Dr. Taylor Marshall (apologist and author of The Crucified Rabbi)

I love how Dave makes so much use of the Scriptures in his arguments, showing that the Bible is fully compatible with Catholicism, even more plausibly so than it is with Protestantism.. . . Dave is the hardest working Catholic apologist I know. He is an inspiration to me.

--- Devin Rose (apologist and author of The Protestant's Dilemma, 28 May 2012 and 30 Aug. 2013)Dave Armstrong['s] website is an amazing treasure trove representing hours–yea a lifetime of material gathered to defend Catholic doctrine. Over the years Dave has gathered the evidence for Catholic teaching from just about every source imaginable. He has the strength not only to understand the Catholic faith, but to understand the subtleties and arguments of his Protestant opponents.--- Fr. Dwight Longenecker (author and prominent blogmaster, 6-29-12)

You are a very friendly adversary who really does try to do all things with gentleness and respect. For this I praise God.--- Nathan Rinne (Lutheran apologist [LC-MS] )

You are one of the most thoughtful and careful apologists out there.

Dave, I disagree with you a lot, but you're honorable and gentlemanly, and you really care about truth. Also, I often learn from you, even with regard to my own field. [1-7-14]

--- Dr. Edwin W. Tait (Anglican Church historian)

Dave Armstrong writes me really nice letters when I ask questions. . . . Really, his notes to me are always first class and very respectful and helpful. . . . Dave Armstrong has continued to answer my questions in respectful and helpful ways. I thank the Lord for him.

--- The late Michael Spencer (evangelical Protestant), aka "The Internet Monk", on the Boar's Head Tavern site, 27 and 29 September 2007

Dave Armstrong is a former Protestant Catholic who is in fact blessedly free of the kind of "any enemy of Protestantism is a friend of mine" coalition-building . . . he's pro-Catholic (naturally) without being anti-Protestant (or anti-Orthodox, for that matter).

---"CPA": Lutheran professor of history [seehis site]: unsolicited remarks of 12 July 2005

I am reading your stuff since I think it is the most thorough and perhaps the best defense of Catholicism out there . . . Dave has been nothing but respectful and kind to me. He has shown me great respect despite knowing full well that I disagree with him on the essential issues.

Dave has been a full-time apologist for years. He’s done much good for thousands of people.

You have a lot of good things to say, and you're industrious. Your content often is great. You've done yeoman work over the decades, and many more people [should] profit from your writing. They need what you have to say.--- Karl Keating (founder and director of Catholic Answers, the largest Catholic apologetics organization in the world; 5 Sep. 2013 and 1 Jan. 2015)

Whether one agrees with Dave's take on everything or not, everyone should take it quite seriously, because he presents his arguments formidably.

I like the way you present your stuff Dave ... 99% of the time.--- Protestant Dave Scott, 4-22-14 on my personal Facebook page.

Who is this Dave Armstrong? What is he really like? Well, he is affable, gentle, sweet, easily pleased, very appreciative, and affectionate . . . I was totally unprepared for the real guy. He's a teddy bear, cuddly and sweet. Doesn't interrupt, sits quietly and respectfully as his wife and/or another woman speaks at length. Doesn't dominate the conversation. Just pleasantly, cheerfully enjoys whatever is going on about him at the moment and lovingly affirms those in his presence. Most of the time he has a relaxed, sweet smile.

--- Becky Mayhew (Catholic), 9 May 2009, on the Coming Home Network Forum, after meeting me in person.

Every so often, I recommend great apostolates, websites, etc. And I am very careful to recommend only the very best that are entirely Catholic and in union with the Church. Dave Armstrong’s Biblical Evidence for Catholicism site is one of those. It is a veritable treasure chest of information. Dave is thorough in his research, relentlessly orthodox, and very easy to read.

Discussions with you are always a pleasure, agreeing or disagreeing; that is a rarity these days.

--- David Hemlock (Eastern Orthodox Christian), 4 November 2014.

What I've appreciated, Dave, is that you can both dish out and take argumentative points without taking things personally. Very few people can do that on the Internet. I appreciate hard-hitting debate that isn't taken personally.

--- Dr. Lydia McGrew (Anglican), 12 November 2014.

Dave Armstrong is a friend of mine with whom I've had many discussions. He is a prolific Catholic writer and apologist. If you want to know what the Catholic Church really believes, Dave is a good choice. Dave and I have our disagreements, but I'll put my arm around him and consider him a brother. There is too much dishonesty among all sides in stating what the "other side" believes. I'll respect someone who states fairly what the other believes.

Recommended Catholic Apologetics Links and Icons

Protestantism: Critical Reflections of an Ecumenical Catholic

Orthodoxy & Citation Permission

To the best of my knowledge, all of my theological writing is "orthodox" and not contrary to the official dogmatic and magisterial teaching of the Catholic Church. In the event of any (unintentional) doctrinal or moral error on my part having been undeniably demonstrated to be contrary to the Sacred Tradition of the Catholic Church, I will gladly and wholeheartedly submit to the authority and wisdom of the Church (Matthew 28:18-20; 1 Timothy 3:15).

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