Few people know that Texas (as Provence of New Spain) played a most
important part in winning the American Revolution. It could be argued
that without Texas' help, we would be driving on the wrong side of the
road in America today. This talk opens a whole new perspective into the
War for American Independence and related issues lost from the school
history books.

Jack Cowan is a retired Army Lieutenant Colonel and lectures on
forgotten early American history subjects such as The First Presidents
and The Texas Connection to the American Revolution. He is a member and
past president of the Sons of the American Revolution (San Antonio
Chapter) and founder of the Texas Connection to the American Revolution
Association and has done extensive studies in American History.

The United States' first constitution was the "Confederation of the
United States of America" and under it this country had 10 Presidents
which have been all but forgotten. This talk tells who they were and
offers a reason why they were eliminated from our history books.
Jack Cowan is a retired Army Lieutenant Colonel and lectures on
forgotten early American history subjects such as The First Presidents
and The Texas Connection to the American Revolution. He is a member and
past president of the Sons of the American Revolution (San Antonio
Chapter) and founder of the Texas Connection to the American Revolution
Association and has done extensive studies in American History.

The Engadgets Podcast is usually about technical reviews of different electronic "gadgets." Listen to the audio clip from their show to hear them step off the path of truth and onto the path of the erroneous mainstream teaching that it was "ONLY THE FRENCH" that came to the assistance of the United States in the Revolutionary War.

In addition to the oral refutation by Dr. Lila Guzman, PhD read the written correction of this falsehood by
Dr. Granville W. Hough, PhD:

On 21 June 1779, King Carlos III of Spain declared war on England and thus made official his support of
Americans in their struggle for independence. Clandestine support had already been provided for three
years, but afterwards support was open and direct.

Last year in looking for names of American mariners in Continental Congress records, I found the reports
of Arthur Lee, and the 1777/79 manifests of twelve vessels which were loaded out from Cadiz, Spain,
with war supplies headed for Boston and Philadelphia. (Papers of the Continental Congress, Records
Group M0247, Item #83, Roll 110, "Letters Received from Arthur Lee, 1776-1780,"). This was pre-war
for Spain, but vital to the American effort.

Records such as these have rarely been studied by American historians, as emphasis has been on
French support and participation.

Few American historians know that:

1. Early French support included fifty/fifty Spanish/French participation, with Spain as a silent partner,
so any so-called French support received before June 1779 should be reanalyzed to determine where
the cash came from.

2. Francisco Saavedra de Sangronis was personal representative for King Carlos III, and he negotiated
the de Grasse/Saavedra Accord in July 1781 which governed Spanish/French conduct of the war in the
Western Hemisphere. (Saavedra (1746-1819), Journal of the Mission to America, "Journal of
Don Francisco Saavedra de Sangronis during the commision he had in his charge from 25 June 1780
until June 1783," collated, edited, introduced, and annotated by Francisco Morales Padron,
translated by Aileen Moore Topping. ISBN 0-8130-0877-8, 1988.)

3. Saavedra was personally responsible for arranging the financing for the Chesapeake Bay operations
which resulted in Yorktown. (Yorktown was thus the result of Spanish financing of cooperative efforts
of the French Expeditionary Force, the de Grasse Fleet, and the American forces.)

4. The victory at Yorktown was made secure by the West Indies strategies of Spain and France.
England was forced into a defensive strategy, as Jamaica was the big target for Spain. The French
Expeditionary Force was moved in 1782/83 from North America to Venezuela to participate in the
invasion. Spanish General Bernardo de Galvez gathered in Haiti a 10,000 man force waiting to invade.

5. For two years, England held on, negotiating for the best possible peace terms. She held four invasion
bases in North America (Charleston, New York, Penobscot Bay, and Detroit); but it was to no avail.
She was out of manpower. The focus in the Western Hemisphere became holding
Canada and the West Indies.

It can be accurately said that what put us over the top at Yorktown was Spanish money, as de Grasse
told Saavedra plainly that he could not sail there without it.

It can also be accurately stated that what made Yorktown significant and secured it as the last great
land battle in America was the British preoccupation with defending the West Indies
(particularly Jamaica) against Spanish and French invasion.

So we owe the Spanish people for their contributions to our freedom. It is a debt we should not forget or
denigrate because it was not covered in the Franco-file histories we had available in our youth.

To Hear the Audio files Left Click on the Link. . .or to Save to your ComputerRight Click on the URL and pick "Save Link Target As" and Save to your Computer.Once on your Computer you can listen at your convenience or upload to your MP3 player.

Direct comments to: Joseph Puentes
NFU@JosephPuentes.com or you can leave a short message at: 206-984-3260

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