Revision as of 12:27, October 23, 2012

The holy New MartyrMetropolitanVladimir (Bogoyavlensky) of Kiev and Gallich was the first bishop to be martyred at the time of the Russian Revolution, probably by Bolshevik-affiliated soldiers.

Life

Saint Vladimir was born on January 1, 1848, in the province of Tambov. He was named Basil Nikephorovich Bogoyavlensky. Basil’s father was a priest, but he was murdered when Basil was young.

In 1874, he graduated from the Theological Academy in Kiev and began teaching in the Tambov Seminary. He was ordained a priest in 1881.

After the death of his matushka and only child in 1886, Fr. Basil entered the Kozlov Monastery in Tambov and was given the name Vladimir. Two years later he was consecrated bishop of Staraya Rus and served as a vicar bishop in the diocese of Novgorod.

Metropolitan Vladimir of Moscow

St. Vladimir became archbishop of Kartalin and Kahetin in 1892. He was selected as Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna in 1898 and was notable for his concern for widows, orphans, the poor, and alcoholics. In 1912, he became Metropolitan of Petrograd after the death of Metropolitan Anthony and was appointed to the Holy Synod. In 1915, Metropolitan Vladimir fell out of favor with the tsar because he disapproved of Rasputin, and so he was transferred to Kiev.

In March 1917, Metr. Vladimir was among those members of the Holy Synod who were removed as members by Vladimir Lvov of the new government after the abdication the Emperor Nicholas I|.

It was Metropolitan Vladimir of Kiev who announced in 1917 that St. Tikhon had been elected as Patriarch of Moscow.

At this time, there were calls for an autonomous Ukraine, and some wanted the Ukrainian Church to be independent from the Church of Russia. Metropolitan Vladimir warned that division in the Church would allow its enemies to be victorious.

In January 1918, many churches and monasteries were damaged by the cannon fire as Bolshevik forces vied for control of Kiev. On January 23, the Bolsheviks seized the Kiev Caves Lavra, and the monks were taken out into the courtyard to be stripped and beaten.

A few nights later, according to one account, five armed soldiers and a sailor came looking for Metropolitan Vladimir. The hierarch was tortured and choked in his bedroom with the chain of his cross. They tortured the metropolitan and demanded money, then drove him away to be executed. Another account just states that some anonymous persons proceeded to take him to the commandant for interrogation. On the way, they decided to rid themselves of him.

The body of the hieromartyr was found pierced by two bullet wounds and three stab wounds. He was carried into the lavra's Church of St. Michael, where he had spent his last days at prayer.

The All-Russian Church Council was in session when word came to Moscow of Metropolitan Vladimir's death. A memorial service for the New Martyr Vladimir was performed by Patriarch Tikhon. An investigatory commission was formed to look into the circumstances of Metropolitan Vladimir's murder, but it was unable to carry out its duties because of the revolution. The council decided that the Sunday nearest to January 25 (o.s.) / February 7 (n.s.), the day of his martyrdom, would be set aside for the annual commemoration of all of the New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia, killed in the 20th century by the Soviets and several wars that swept across Russia.

Glorification

In 1992, the Orthodox Church of Russia glorified the holy New Martyr Vladimir.
The Synaxis of Russia's New Martyrs and Confessors is also observed on the Sunday closest to January 25.