For Hieronymus Bosch, “only individual abnormalities, excessive individuality, caricature have any meaning,” writes Max FriedlÃ¤nder. “As a psychologist Bosch is one-sided to the point of monomania. The very idea of the Passion of Christ evokes in his mind an orgy of mockery and devilish spite and he cannot invent enough hideous monstrosities to pour down hatred and contempt on the adversaries of Our Lord, whereas the divine suffering seems vague or even ambiguous.”(1)