Mashaw and Reno (1996) document over 20 definitions of disability used for purposes of entitlement to public or private income support programs, government services, or statistical analysis

11Census Bureau (2000)

A person with a disability has difficulty in performing functional tasks or daily living activities or meets other criteria, such as a learning or developmental disability. Persons with severe disabilities are defined as being completely unable to perform one or more of these tasks or activities, need personal assistance or have one of the severe conditions identified by the census.

12Who are People with Disabilities? 13Using traditional labels, people who have

Mobility impairments

Visual impairments

Hearing impaired or Deaf

Intellectual disabilities

Mental illness

Traumatic brain injury

Other health impairments

14From left to right http//www.photolibrary.fema.gov/photolibrary/photo_details.do?id18526 http//www.photolibrary.fema.gov/photolibrary/photo_details.do?id15343. 15Students with Disabilities

Pervasive developmental delay

Intellectual disabilities (mental retardation)

Autism

Speech impairments

Emotional disturbance/behavior disorders

Traumatic brain injury

Learning disabled

Deaf or hearing impaired

Blind or visually impaired

Other health impaired Hospitalized, asthma, ADHD

16Statistics on Individuals with Disabilities

12.6 of the working age population

12 of the school-aged population

16.7 of the total population

21.3 (almost 250,000) of the residents of the New Orleans metropolitan area described themselves as disabled in the 2000 Census.

17(No Transcript) 18(No Transcript) 19Participants and Method

Survey of people New Orleans who were evacuated to the Astrodome and other large facilities in Houston about their reasons for not evacuating in anticipation of the hurricane.

- 38 responded that I was physically unable to leave or I had to care for someone who was unable to leave.

(Survey of Hurricane Katrina Evacuees, Sept. 2005)

21Research on Risk Factors

Individuals with mobility impairments

Those without transportation

People from lower SES groups

Non English speakers

Single heads of household

22Post disaster vulnerability

PTSD

Alcoholism and substance abuse

Family violence

Secondary disabilities

23Laws that Influence Disaster Response and Recovery 24The ADA

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is the short title of United States Public Law 101-336, signed into law on July 26, 1990 by President George H. W. Bush.

The ADA is a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability.

It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal.

25According to the ADA, who is considered to have a disability?

Disability is defined as "a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity."

26A Major Life Activity involves functions or activities that are of central importance to daily life such as

Caring for one's self

Performing manual tasks

Walking

Seeing hearing

Speaking

Breathing

Learning

Working

27Chapter 7

Emergency Management

Under Title II of the ADA

28Basics for Emergency Management

State and local governments must comply with Title II of the ADA in the emergency and disaster-related programs, services, and activities they provide

This requirement applies to programs, services, activities provided directly by state and local governments, as well as those provided through third parties, such as the American Red Cross, private nonprofit organizations, and religious entities

29This includes

Advance planning for emergencies and disasters

Staging emergency simulations

Alerting the public to emergencies and disasters and to available programs, services, and activities

Community evacuation and transportation

Emergency shelter programs

Temporary lodging and housing

Social services and emergency- and disaster-related benefit programs

30This includes

Emergency medical care and services

Relocation programs, activities, and services

Transition and transportation back to the community following an emergency or disaster

Emergency and disaster recovery programs, services, and activities, and

Remediation of damage caused by emergenicies and disasters

31Basics for Emergency Management

Emergency programs, services, activities, and facilities must be accessible to people with disabilities and generally,

May not use eligibility criteria that screen out or tend to screen out people with disabilities

32Basics for Emergency Management

The ADA requires making reasonable modifications to policies, practices, and procedures when necessary to avoid discrimination again a person with a disability and,

taking the steps necessary to ensure effective communication with people with disabilities

33Basics for Emergency Management

The ADA generally does NOT require state or local emergency management programs to take actions that would fundamentally alter the nature of a program, services, or activity or impose undue financial and administrative burdens.

34The Stafford Act

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act) is the law that authorizes Federal assistance when the President declares a State to be a disaster area.

Section 308 of the Stafford Act protects individuals from discrimination on the basis of their race, color, religion, nationality, sex, age, or economic status in all disaster assistance programs.

Section 309 of the Stafford Act applies these non-discrimination provisions to all private relief organizations participating in the response and recovery effort.

35The Stafford Act

Sec. 689(a) requires the FEMA Administrator to develop guidelines to accommodate individuals with disabilities guidelines include the accessibility of, and communications and programs in, shelters, recovery centers, and other facilities and devices used in connection with disaster operations, including first aid stations, mass feeding areas, portable payphone stations, portable toilets, and temporary housing.

Section 689(c) amends the Stafford Acts Federal Assistance to Individuals and Households program (408) to recognize that damage can render a home inaccessible to disabled persons, and thus, uninhabitable to them. Accordingly, temporary housing assistance can be provided to individuals with disabilities whose residence is rendered inaccessible as a result of a major disaster. Further, in locating readily fabricated dwellings, FEMA must now seek whenever practicable, sites that meet the physical accessibility requirements for individuals with disabilities.

36Equal Opportunities Act

FEMA and other federal or state agencies are equal opportunity employers.

FEMA will provide reasonable accommodations for employees and other individuals with disabilities.

FEMA must serve all individuals equally, providing access to Agency programs and activities equal to the access provided to non-disabled persons.

37Emergency Shelter Programs

Regardless of who operates a shelter, the ADA requires shelter operations to be conducting in a way that offers people with disabilities the same benefits provided to people without disabilities

38Advance Planning

The most effective way for public health care workers to ensure that advance planning addresses the needs of people with disabilities is to involve community members with a wide variety of disabilities in the advance planning process.

Why?

39

Because individuals with disabilities will be able to identify the types of disability-related needs that community residents and visitors are likely to have during emergencies as well as some of the community resources that may be available to help meet those needs.

40Eligibility Criteria

Two categories of shelters

Mass Care Shelters

Serve general populations

Special Needs/Medical Shelters

Provide heightened level of support

Considerations

Respect the right of IWD to make choices

IWD who have support needs can often be housed in mass care shelters

41Texas Hurricane Sheltering Plan

Types of Medical Special Needs Persons

Level 0 Persons who have no medical needs, but require transportation assistance for evacuation.

Level 1 Persons dependent on others or in need of others for routine care (eating, walking, toileting, etc.) and children under 18 without adult supervision.

Levels 1, 2 who can live independently or who have care givers accompanying them may be housed in a general population shelter. Facilities should provide nearby space for care givers, family members, and provide appropriate care for companion pets.

Level 3 and levels 1 and 2 without care giver support will be housed in a medical special needs shelter or in designated areas within a general population shelter. Facilities should include space for care givers, family members, and provide appropriate care for companion pets.

Level 4 will be housed in an acute care hospital or long-term care facility.

Level 5 will be a facility-to-facility transfer (i.e. hospital to hospital, long term care to long term care, assisted living to assisted living, etc.)

43Supporting Children with Disabilities during and post disaster 44Eligibility

ADA requires people to be accommodated in the most integrated setting appropriate to their needs

Students should generally be housed with their families, friends and neighbors

Shelter operators may not make eligibility dependent on a childs ability to bring their own attendant

45Eligibility

Ensure that Special Needs and Medical Shelters have sufficient numbers of adequately trained medical staff/volunteers before placing students

Keep families or students with their caretakers together whenever possible, which will usually be in a general needs shelter

46Triage of Care

Students with disabilities should receive same precedence of care as those without disabilities.

Students with disabilities living in the community predisaster may require more non medical supports.

Most students with disabilities will not need a medical special needs shelter.

Ensure that audible information is accessible to students who are deaf/hard of hearing

49Supplies

Provide an effective way for children to stay with and receive durable medical equipment and medical supplies

If possible, provide refrigeration for meds

If electricity is available, give priority to those who use ventilators, suction devices, etc

Provide food options to those children with dietary restrictions

Provide emergency supplies that enable care for service animals

50From left to right http//www.photolibrary.fema.gov/photolibrary/photo_details.do?id17278 http//www.photolibrary.fema.gov/photolibrary/photo_details.do?id17097 http//www.photolibrary.fema.gov/photolibrary/photo_details.do?id17413. 51Post disaster

Reconnect children with their families

Make sure that services the child was receiving pre-disaster are reconnected post-disaster

Support the parents and caretakers as a form of supporting children

52Remember your own family!

Create a disaster preparedness plan

Have back-up support for your own childcare needs so that you will be able to offer support to other children

Keep yourself healthy and do not work with disaster survivors if you are ill

Discuss with your family your role in disaster response and recovery and get their understanding and buy in

53(No Transcript) 54Disaster Acronym Guide

Translations for Two Communities that Love Alphabet Soup

55(No Transcript) 56Long Term Recovery from Hurricane Katrina

Funded by the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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