many women were enraged by the all-male Senate Judiciary committee's behavior.

b.

a gender gap emerged between the two political parties.

c.

pro-choice women distanced themselves from the Republican party.

d.

the social issues that helped elect Republicans were growing in their public appeal.

e.

many women became increasingly critical of the president's stand on abortion.

ANS: D REF: p. 961

ESSAY104. How did the New Right of the 1980s differ from the Old Right of the 1930s and earlier? Where were they similar? What were the most important things that New Right conservatives wanted to conserve?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

105. Why, after the crushing defeat of its candidate in 1964, was the conservative right in America able to achieve a landslide victory for Ronald Reagan in 1980? Was this victory the result of a difference between Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan or of changes that had occurred in America and the world in the intervening sixteen years? Explain.

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

106. What were Ronald Reagan's goals as he entered the presidency in 1981? How successful was he in implementing them? In what ways did he fail to achieve his goals? Why?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

107. Describe President Reagan's approach to foreign affairs. Was it effective? Why or why not?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

108. Why did both the United States and Britain see such strong conservative leaders in the 1980s? Could Reagan have achieved his goals without such support from America's closest ally?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

109. What do you think have been the three most important international developments during Ronald Reagan's two terms of office?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

110. Argue for and against: Ronald Reagan's ability to negotiate successful arms agreements with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev could not have happened if he had not been so aggressively anti-Soviet in his first term.

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

111. Why did conservatism gain such strength in the 1980s and 1990s? Where did modern American conservatism come from?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

112. To what extent did the United States and the administrations of Reagan and Bush contribute to the collapse of the Soviet Union? To what extent was it product of internal changes in the Soviet Union itself, especially those sponsored by Mikhail Gorbachev?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

113. Why was the United States more successful in dealing with the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe than with China? Why did President George H.W. Bush refuse to punish China after it brutally crushed the prodemocracy movement?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

114. Was the Persian Gulf War a complete American triumph or only a qualified success? What were its long-term consequences?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

115. How did the rise of social conservatism affect issues like affirmative action and women's rights?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

116. Which of these liberal policies provided the most political ammunition for movement conservatives in the 1980s: abortion, affirmative action, or social welfare programs?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

117. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? "The greatest success of the conservative movement came in reversing the previously liberal direction of the Supreme Court." Explain your answer.

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

118. Were Ronald Reagan's massive deficits a deliberate strategy to bring an end to the expansion of the liberal welfare state or simply the necessary consequences of Reagan's massive tax cuts that he had to accept?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

119. What were the successes and failures of Ronald Reagan's supply-side economics (Reaganomics)?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

120. Agree or disagree with the following statement: George H.W. Bush's administration was essentially the Reagan administration's third term in its policies and goals. Why or why not?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

121. Why did the Clarence Thomas-Anita Hill affair expose such a sharp and often bitter gender gap in American politics? How did the specific issue at stake in the hearings--allegations of sexual harassment--relate to the wider set of issues that divided many men and women in this period?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

122. Why was the Clarence Thomas-Anita Hill affair so polarizing? What did the radically differing perspectives on the Thomas nomination say about views of gender, race, and ideology?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

123. Compare and contrast Ronald Reagan as leader and agent of political change in the 1980s with that of Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s.