OKOJ, Volume 2, No. 5

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of the foot has an incidence of between 0.3 percent and 1.5 percent of the population worldwide. No causative factor or trigger was identified for rheumatoid arthritis of the foot.

Knee dislocations are ligamentous disruptions with loss of continuity of tibiofemoral articulation. A combination of tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), and other stabilizing structures are typical of knee dislocations. The vast majority of knee dislocations involve disruption of both the ACL and PCL. Anterior displacement is considered the most common type of knee dislocation. The least common type is the posterolateral dislocation. They most commonly occur from high-energy mechanisms (motor-vehicle wrecks, industrial accidents), but they can also occur from low-energy trauma (sporting activities and minor falls). In the absence of vascular and open injuries, treatment options include nonsurgical and surgical management options.

This article reviews the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of knee dislocations and reviews considerations in the surgical and nonsurgical management. The inlay PCL reconstruction technique is specifically reviewed. Video is available.

Keywords:

anterior knee dislocation

posterior knee dislocation

posterolateral knee dislocation

associated injuries

position classification

anatomic classification

arteriography

inlay PCL reconstruction

external fixation

Subspecialty:

Sports Medicine

Trauma

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