Abstract Differences in recess physical activity PA according to perceived school environment among elementary school children were examined. Participants were 103 children from two schools in Japan. PA was measured using accelerometry for seven consecutive days. Time spent in sedentary or PA light, moderate, or vigorous during their morning recess 25 min and lunch recess 15 min was determined. The School Physical Activity Environment Scale three factors: equipment, facility, and safety was used to investigate perceived school environment. Environmental factor scores were assigned to low or high groups for each factor by median. An analysis of covariance, with grade as the covariate, was conducted separately by gender to examine differences in PA between two groups. During lunch recess, boys in the high-equipment group spent significantly more time in moderate PA high: 1.5; low: 0.8 min whereas girls in this group spent less time in light PA 9.3, 11.0. Boys in the high-facility group spent significantly less time in sedentary 2.3, 3.9 and more time in vigorous PA 2.4, 1.4 during lunch recess, and girls spent more time in moderate 2.1, 1.2 and vigorous PA 1.9, 1.3 during morning recess. Differences were observed in recess PA according to school environment perceptions. The present study may be useful for further intervention studies for the promotion of PA during recess. View Full-Text