Subduction
and melting in the geosphere resulted in a series of violent
volcanic eruptions from Mount Pinatubo in June, 1991.
In three months of activity, more than 7 cubic kilometers
of volcanic rock and ash erupted from Mount Pinatubo.
Most of the material fell to Earths surface, adding
another layer of rock to the volcanic mountain, increasing
its elevation and changing topography.

Erupted materials covered vast areas of forested
land and clogged streams and rivers with volcanic
debris. Huge amounts of ash and gases erupted
by the volcano remained suspended in the atmosphere
for months, resulting in a measurable decrease
in global temperatures. All of Earth's spheres
were changed by the influx of materials and energy
from the geosphere.

For
an exploration of the global-scale interactions between
the geosphere and atmosphere initiated by the eruption
of Mount Pinatubo, you may want to complete investigation
ES0906: How Fast Do Gases from Volcanic Eruptions Travel?