Taking corticosteroid medications (prednisone, methylprednisolone) every day for more than 3 months

Three or more drinks of alcohol per day on most days

Normal Results

The results of your test are usually reported as a "T score" and "Z score."

The T score compares your bone density with that of healthy young women.

The Z score compares your bone density with that of other people of your age, gender, and race.

In either score, a negative number means you have thinner bones than the standard. The more negative the number, the higher your risk of a bone fracture.

A T score is within the normal range if it is -1.0 or above.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Bone mineral density testing does not diagnose fractures. However, along with other risk factors you may have, it helps predict your risk of having a bone fracture in the future. Your doctor will help you understand the results.

A T score between -1 and -2.5 indicates the beginning of bone loss (osteopenia).

A T score below -2.5 indicates osteoporosis.

Treatment recommendations depend on your total fracture risk.

Risks

Bone mineral density uses a little bit of radiation. But most experts feel that the risk is very low compared with the benefits of spotting osteoporosis before you break a bone.

Considerations

Simple bone density scans using portable machines may be available as part of health fairs or screenings. These portable scanners may check the density of your wrist or heel. However, keep in mind that hip and spine scans are more reliable.