Despite their support among the mill workers of Augusta, the Populists were doomed, by a combination of electoral fraud, internal division, and race baiting, to electoral failure in the 1890s. The party was replaced in the city by the Cracker Party, which based its success on a new platform of white supremacy, anti-Catholicism and anti-Semitism. The dissertation concludes by uncovering the roots of this party and the efforts of Catholic and African-American religious organizations to protest against it.