8 Core Components of IEC An object model describing the information available from the different primary equipment and from the substation automation functions Abstract definitions of services, data and Common Data Class, independent of underlying protocols A specification of the communication between the IEDs of the substation automation system. Maps the services to actual protocols A configuration language Exchange configuration information Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

20 ACSI: Abstract Communications Service Interface None timing critical message transmitting Used for configuration, maintenance, log Three basic components A set of objects A set of services to manipulate and access those objects A base set of data types for describing objects Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

22 Basic Information Models SERVER Represents the external visible behavior of a (physical) device Communicate with a client Send information to peer devices LOGICAL-DEVICE (LD) Contains the information produced and consumed by a group of domain-specific application functions, which are defined as LOGICAL-NODEs LOGICAL-NODE (LN) Contains the information produced and consumed by a domain specific application function DATA Status and meta-information of object it presents in substation Provide means to specify typed information Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

23 Services Operating on Data DATA-SET The grouping of data and data attributes A view of DATA SETTING-GROUP How to switch from one set of setting values to another one How to edit setting groups REPORT and LOG Describe the conditions for generating reports and logs based on parameters set by the client Reports may be sent immediately or deferred Logs can be queried for later retrieval Generic Substation Event (GSE) control block (GSSE/GOOSE) Supports a fast and reliable system-wide distribution of input and output data values Sampled Values Transmission control block Fast and cyclic transfer of samples Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

24 Services Operating on Data Control Provide client mechanisms to control the DATA related to external devices, control outputs, or other internal functions Substitution Support replacement of a process value (measurands of analogue values or status values) by another value Get/Set Retrieve or write particular Data Attribute Values Dir/Definition Retrieve Object References and definitions of all sub-objects. Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

25 Other Services Association How the communication between the various types of devices is achieved Two-party and Multicast Access Control Time Synchronization Provide the UTC synchronized time to devices and system File Transfer Defines the exchange of large data blocks such as programs Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

26 Communication Model Two-Party-Application-Association (TPAA) A bi-directional connection-oriented information exchange Reliable and end-to-end flow control MultiCast-Application-Association (MCAA) A unidirectional information exchange Between one source (publisher) and one or many destinations (subscriber) The subscriber shall be able to detect loss and duplication of information received The receiver shall notify the loss of information to its user and shall discard duplicated information. Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

29 Generic Substation Event (GSE) Model A fast and reliable system-wide distribution of input and output data values Based on a publisher/subscriber mechanism Simultaneous delivery of the same generic substation event information to more than one physical device through the use of multicast/broadcast services GSSE/GOOSE Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

30 GOOSE: Generic Object Oriented Substation Event Used for fast transmission of substation events, such as commands, alarms, indications, as messages A single GOOSE message sent by an IED can be received several receivers Take advantage of Ethernet and supports real-time behavior Examples: Tripping of switchgear Providing position status of interlocking Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

31 GSSE: Generic Substation Status Event Provide backward compatibility with the UCA GOOSE Just support a fixed structure of the data to be published Based on multicast Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

32 Mapping To Real Communication Systems IEC is just a high level description of substation automation Use MMS to implement IEC61850 Map each IEC object to a MMS object Map each IEC service to a MMS operation All but GOOSE messages and transmission of sampled values are mapped to MMS protocol stack Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

33 MMS: Manufacturing Message Specification ISO 9506 standard used in Control Networks A reduced OSI stack with the TCP/IP protocol in the transport/network layer Ethernet and/or RS-232C as physical media Defines communication messages transferred between controllers as well as between the engineering station and the controller (e.g. downloading an application or reading/writing variables). Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

38 SCL: Substation Configuration Language Purpose: interoperable exchange of communication system configuration data between an IED configuration tool and a system configuration tool from different manufacturers. A formal description of Relations between substation automation system and the switchyard Relations of the switchyard structure to the SAS functions (logical nodes) configured on the IEDs. Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

39 Conclusion IEC is a migration from the analog world to the digital world for substation Standardization of data names Creation of a comprehensive set of services Implementation over standard protocols and hardware Definition of a process bus. Multi-vendor interoperability has been demonstrated Discussions are underway to utilize IEC as the substation to control center communication protocol IEC will become the protocol of choice as utilities migrate to network solutions for the substations and beyond. The physical layer is not described in IEC Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

40 State of the art: a real substation IEC61850 based SAS Supervisor Station (HMI) Load and fault simulation unit 16 Bay, formed by IED Ethernet based Station bus Process bus not present Sensors and actuators are directly connected to the IED The measure of a sensor can be transferred from a Bay to another through the station bus Bay Main requirements of network SAS: High-Availability Distribution of the time reference Sistemi e strumenti per l'automazione A. Flammini, AA

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