Because of a problem I ran into I am trying to get a quick start in covering with arithmetic progressions.
First I want to say I am aware of this previously asked question:
Covering $\mathbb{N}$ with ...

Does there exist infinitely many coprime pairs of integers x,d such that x, x+d, x+2d, x+4d are all square numbers?
One example would be 49,169,289,529. This is the only example I have found so far ...

I am trying to find an estimate for the following sum:
$$
\sum_{\substack{n \leq x \\ n \equiv k (m)}} d(n),
$$
where $d(n)$ is number of divisors of $n$. I found estimates for the case when $k$ and ...

For the context of this question, a progression-free set is a subset of integers that does not contain length-three arithmetic progressions.
For large $N$, it is known that $[N] = \{1, \ldots, N\}$ ...

Using elementary matrix row and column operations on the system of two diophantine equations, namely, $N=an+b$ and $N=cn+d$, where $n\in\mathbb{N}^0$, it can be shown that the intersection of these ...

Suppose $A \subseteq \{1,\dots,n\}$ does not contain any arithmetic progressions of length $k+1$. What is the largest number of $k$-term arithmetic progressions that $A$ can have? (one may also wish ...

To construct gaps between primes which are marginally larger than average, Erdős and Rankin covered an interval $[1,y]$ with arithmetic progressions with prime differences. A nice short exposition is ...

Some time ago the following rather easy problem appeared in an online publication called "Problems in Elementary NT" by Hojoo Lee:
Prove that there are infinitely many positive integers $a$, $b$, $c$ ...

Fermat may or may not have known that there are 3-term arithmetic progressions of squares (like $1^2, 5^2, 7^2$, and that there are no 4-term APs. Murky history aside, Keith Conrad has two pleasant ...

Cross-posted from http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/65195/minimum-cardinality-of-a-difference-set-in-mathbb-rn.
Given a finite set $S$ of $m$ points in $\mathbb R^n$ that do not all lie in the ...

Let $n>1$ be an integer, and let us consider the set $P(n)$ of all prime numbers $p$ such that $p$ is not congruent to $1$ modulo $n$. Dirichlet's Density Theorem tells us that $P(n)$ has a natural ...

Recall the following version of Szemerédi's Theorem: let $r_k(N)$ be the largest cardinality of a subset of $[N]:=\{1,\ldots, N\}$ which does not contain an arithmetic progression of length $k$. Then, ...

Take the first $n$ primes $p_1,...,p_n$ and the primorial $P_n$ .Denote by $p_i$ every prime bigger than $p_n$ and smaller than $P_n$.
1) Is that true that there always be a number in any interval of ...

The theory of sumsets $A+B$ where $A$ and $B$ are finite subsets of an additive group $Z$ is extensively studied in additive combinatorics: finding long arithmetic progressions inside them, finding ...

Let $B \subset \mathbb{Z}^+$. Define $r_{B,h}(n)$ to be the number of ways of writing $n$ as the sum of $h$ elements of $B$ and $R_{B,h}(n)$ the number of ways to write $n$ as the sum of $h$ DISTINCT ...

Take an infinite set of distinct primes and a (edit: or 2 , etc.) residue class for every prime. For exammple you can take all the primes bigger than some prime or the primes of a specific form (i.e. ...

Denote by $\pi(x,a,q)$ the number of primes $p\le x$ of the form $p=qk+a$
and $E(x,a,q)=\phi(q)^{-1}\mathrm{Li}(x)-\pi(x,a,q)$.
What is the strongest conjectured bound on $E(x,a,q)$ in terms of $x,q$?
...