Summary: Most plants respond to herbivore attack and wounding by production of volatile organic compounds that attracts natural enemies of herbivores. We show that rice plants not only release a whole blend of volatiles after herbivore attack but they also release different amounts of these volatiles when specialist and generalist herbivores attack them. Therefore, rice plants can “recognize” their herbivores based on the signals (elicitors) contained in the insect oral secretions. We propose that rice emits specific signals to attract specialized parasitoid wasps and/or predators for each herbivore, which can greatly increase the efficiency of indirect defense responses in rice.