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Gliding

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Not talking about this glider...  <ul><li>Allposter.com </li></ul>

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Aim <ul><li>Learn the basics of how gliders work </li></ul><ul><li>Create a model glider (Squadron Competition) </li></ul>

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Introduction <ul><li>Glider is an unpowered aircraft </li></ul><ul><li>Aerodynamic and piloting factors that apply to powered airplanes also apply to gliders </li></ul><ul><li>Lack of motor changes a lot about how gliders work </li></ul><ul><li>Closest humans get to soaring like a bird </li></ul>

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Parts of a Glider <ul><li>A glider has many of the same parts as an airplane: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Fuselage </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Wings </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Control Surfaces </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Landing Gear </li></ul></ul><ul><li>But there are significant differences </li></ul>

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Fuselage <ul><li>As small and light as possible </li></ul><ul><li>Basically sized around the cargo they carry (1 or 2 people) </li></ul><ul><li>Cockpit of a single-seat glider is small, but large enough for most </li></ul><ul><li>Pilots recline with their legs stretched out in front of them </li></ul><ul><li>Frontal exposure of pilot is reduced and cross-sectional area of cockpit can be substantially smaller </li></ul>Howstuffworks.com

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<ul><li>Designed to have skins that are as smooth as possible to allow plane to slip more easily </li></ul><ul><li>Modern gliders – composite construction using materials such as fibreglass and carbon fibre </li></ul><ul><li>Materials allow aircraft designers to create seamless and rivet-less structures, producing less drag </li></ul>

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Wings <ul><li>Longer and narrower than conventional a/c </li></ul><ul><li>Slenderness of wing expressed as aspect ratio (calculated by dividing the square of the span of the wing by the area of the wing) </li></ul><ul><li>High aspect ratio (long wing compared width) </li></ul><ul><li>Drag created during the production of lift (induced drag) can account for significant portion of drag on glider </li></ul>

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Control Surfaces <ul><li>Gliders use same control surfaces that are found on conventional aircraft </li></ul><ul><li>Ailerons and elevator controlled using single stick between pilots legs </li></ul><ul><li>Rudder – controlled using foot pedals </li></ul>

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Ailerons <ul><li>Moveable sections cut on trailing edge of wing </li></ul><ul><li>Used as primary directional control and they control roll of plane </li></ul><ul><li>Operate in opposite directions of each side of the plane </li></ul><ul><li>Roll to the right - move control stick to right </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Left aileron deflect down (more lift) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Right aileron deflect up (less lift) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Difference in lift causes rotation along axis </li></ul></ul>

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Elevator <ul><li>Horizontal Stabiliser </li></ul><ul><li>Movable wing like structure on the tail </li></ul><ul><li>Used to control pitch of plane </li></ul><ul><li>Allowing to point nose up/down </li></ul>

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Getting off the ground <ul><li>3 basic forces act on a glider (they do not have thrust like airplanes) </li></ul><ul><li>Lift – created by wings, counteracting weight </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Lift enhanced </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Drag – tends to slow plane down </li></ul><ul><ul><li>In motorised thrust overcomes drag, in glider try to reduce with the design of glider </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Weight – can be made to work for or against </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Lighter keeps in air, heavier increases speed </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Tanks of water can be used for weight and dumped off during flight </li></ul></ul>

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<ul><li>Without an engine needs to get up in air by aero-tow </li></ul><ul><li>Conventional powered plane tows glider up in sky using long rope </li></ul><ul><li>Glider takes of before tow plane </li></ul><ul><li>When at the desired altitude – release rope </li></ul>

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Landing <ul><li>Much like conventional except only single small wheel located directly under the pilot </li></ul><ul><li>Wings are strong and reinforced to prevent damage (usually manage to keep off anyway until slowed sufficiently) </li></ul><ul><li>Spoilers are on each wing - disrupting airflow drastically reducing lift </li></ul>