Global climate change projections for Nepal and the Himalayas suggest significant changes in temperature and precipitation, including increased monsoon (summer) precipitation and more variable and highly unpredictable actual rainfall patterns. The projections also suggest warmer winters and more frequent extreme weather events, with extended droughts between periods of intense rain. The assessment used the flowing forward approach to determine the impacts of climate change and to assess vulnerability of socio-ecological systems in the Terai Arc Landscape, Nepal (TAL). The approach examines the three components of vulnerability defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity.