ILM created models ranging from 6 to 50 centimeters in height.[7] ILM filmed the AT-ATs using stop-motion animation against matte paintings created by Michael Pangrazio because attempts at compositing miniature footage against live-action background footage yielded mediocre results.[7] Additionally, ILM studied elephants to determine the best way to animate the four-legged AT-ATs.[7] Although the stop-motion animation style gave the AT-ATs a jerky, "staccato-like" effect on film, ILM found this movement acceptable because of the AT-ATs' mechanical nature.[8]

The sound of the AT-AT walking was created by Sound Designer Ben Burtt, by using the sound of an industrial sheet metal stamper.

Dialog in National Public Radio's adaptation of The Empire Strikes Back says that AT-ATs "look like animals"; the character goes on to describe the vehicles as carrying "extremely heavy armor and armaments". The AT-AT, designed to favor "fear over function", it can carry up to five speeder bikes and 40 Imperial stormtroopers.[9] The AT-AT is manned by two AT-AT Drivers, which were Imperial combat drivers specialized in operating the Imperial Army's AT-AT walkers and wore distinct battle armour, similar in design to that of a modified basic Stormtrooper. Operating in groups of two, they operated the walker's driving and firing controls, and were usually overseen by a commander who also occupied the walkers cockpit. The walkers themselves carry two blasters and two laser cannons.[10]

Manufactured by Kuat Drive Yards, Expanded Universe sources describe the AT-AT as being either 15 metres (49 ft) or 22.5 metres (74 ft) tall.[9][10][11] The AT-AT's rate of stride is not fast but this is more than made up for by the immense height of their legs, meaning that they can overrun opponents that underestimate AT-AT walking speed, while their neck can pivot quickly enough to bring their heavy weaponry to bear against even fast moving craft like snowspeeders. Their armor is resistant to most standard blaster weapons; however, the "neck" column of the walker holds no such invulnerability and, if shot, can cause the entire walker to be destroyed.

The AT-AT is the primary assault vehicle during the Battle of Hoth, first depicted in The Empire Strikes Back. In the film, the AT-ATs are responsible for destroying the shield generator protecting the Rebel headquarters, taking out many soldiers, artillery batteries, and snowspeeders in the process. Luke Skywalker, realizing that the walkers are all but impervious to artillery and snowspeeder blaster fire, orders his squadron's snowspeeders to entangle their legs with the tow cables—a trick he remembered using on Tatooine to rein in hard-to-control farm animals. Following Skywalker, Wedge Antilles is able to wrap his cable around one causing its collapse, and another snowspeeder scores a direct blaster shot at the fallen walker's neck that blows it up. Skywalker's snowspeeder is brought down but he escapes before the AT-AT crushes his stricken craft with one of its feet. Skywalker then hoists himself underneath that walker, slicing open the chassis with his lightsaber, and tossing in an grenade that detonates the walker's reactor, blowing its head off and causing it to topple sideways. In the novelization of The Empire Strikes Back, General Veers' AT-AT is destroyed when its cockpit is rammed by a snowspeeder piloted by Derek "Hobbie" Klivian, however this never made it into the final cut of the film.

An AT-AT makes a brief appearance in Return of the Jedi, where one walks up alongside a landing platform on Endor, delivering Luke to Darth Vader. The first appearance of an AT-AT in the Star Wars Rebels TV series occurs in the second-season episodeRelics of the Old Republic, when Agent Kallus (thanks to Captain Rex's tactics against him) unsuccessfully confronts the rebels while on Seelos, with a trio of the four-legged walkers challenging Captain Rex's retired clone cohorts and their own much-modified AT-TE six-legged walker, where the rebels are hiding out. A ruined AT-AT appears in Star Wars: The Force Awakens as the makeshift home of the scavenger Rey on the planet Jakku.

The AT-ST is a two-legged digitigrade walker introduced in The Empire Strikes Back and featured extensively in Return of the Jedi. Due to their design and movement, they are often dubbed "chicken walkers".[12] The name Scout Walker is also used to refer to an AT-ST. This name was used for the official toy instead of the AT-ST name.

The AT-ST model used in The Empire Strikes Back was to have more screen time; however, one scene depicting a snowspeeder shooting at the AT-ST model was ruined when the set's background shifted.[13] For Return of the Jedi, ILM made the AT-ST design more detailed.[13] Numerous models were created, including a full-sized AT-ST for on-location shooting.[13] Director Richard Marquand and producer Robert Watts played the AT-ST operators for the scene in which Chewbacca (Peter Mayhew) and a pair of Ewoks commandeer an AT-ST.[13]

Lee Seiler sued Lucasfilm in the mid-1980s, claiming that the AT-ST infringed on his copyright on what he called a "Garthian Strider", which he said he created in 1976 or 1977. The case was dismissed with the court noting that not only did Seiler not produce the supposed drawings at trial, but that the copyright came one year after The Empire Strikes Back debuted.[14]

Star Wars guidebooks describe the AT-ST as a "reconnaissance or defensive vehicle [that] is lightweight and built for speed".[12] Their agility allows them to defend the slower AT-ATs or support other Imperial ground forces.[12][15] They are 8.6 metres (28 ft) tall (although some sources describe them at seven meters)[12] and seat a pilot and co-pilot.[15] AT-STs are armed with laser cannons on the "chin" and sides, feet claws for destroying small defenses and side-mounted concussion missile launchers.[16]

In The Empire Strikes Back, AT-STs scout for and support the slower AT-ATs during the Battle of Hoth. During the Battle of Endor as depicted in Return of the Jedi, after initially taking heavy casualties from AT-STs, the protagonists and the local Ewok tribes destroy several AT-STs and commandeer another one; the AT-ST's precariously balanced nature proves highly vulnerable to the Ewoks' primitive booby traps. In the Expanded Universe, AT-STs are often featured in Imperial attack forces.[16]

The so-named "All Terrain Defense Pod" (AT-DP) depicted in Star Wars Rebels was used by the Empire on Lothal, Ezra Bridger's homeworld, to enforce their will against the planet's inhabitants during the first season of the series. It is stated as being among the fastest-moving "walkers" of any of the AT-ST variants, and is only lightly armed with a single, forward-aimed energy cannon.[18]

Conceived by Ryan Church as a predecessor to the AT-AT, the AT-TE's animation for Attack of the Clones was supervised by Rob Coleman.[19] Tom St. Amand, who worked on the AT-AT scenes in The Empire Strikes Back, provided his experience to create a similar appearance for the AT-TE.[19]

AT-TEs are depicted as assault vehicles that appear at the Battle of Geonosis, as depicted in Attack of the Clones and various Clone Wars media. It has magnetic feet, which allows it to scale steep embankments if they are magnetic, like the mesa on Teth in Star Wars: The Clone Wars. The low profile, six legs and overall flexibility made it vulnerable to IEDs and reduced its acceleration and maximum speed, but increased its center of gravity, traverse speed, mobility and stability; moreover, its low speed allows it to walk through energy shields.[20][21] The vehicles are fixed with laser turrets, a powerful mass driver cannon, and heavy electromagnetic armor.[20][21] AT-TEs are manufactured by Rothana Heavy Engineering, a subdivision of Kuat Drive Yards (who manufacture many of the other walkers).[22][23] AT-TEs have the distinct tactical advantage, common among many of the Old Republic's larger walkers, of being able to be carried into combat by LAAT/C dropships. This allows their swift deployment to the battlefront from distant landing zones and ground bases.[24]

In addition to the AT-TE, other vehicles were created for Clone Wars media and depicted as predecessors to the walkers featured in the original trilogy. One such walker is the two-legged All Terrain Attack Pod (AT-AP), a variation of the AT-PT, seen in Revenge of the Sith and Clone Wars media. Alex Jaeger designed the AT-AP per Lucas' request to "diversify the Clone armor".[25][26] The AT-AP features a variety of artillery weapons, a retractable third leg for stability, and other offensive features.[25]

The All Terrain Open Transport (AT-OT), also seen in Revenge of the Sith and other sources, is a heavily armored transport whose open design makes it vulnerable from above.[27] The AT-OT can transport 34 clone troopers, who are protected by thick armor and four laser cannons.[28] During the late stages of Revenge of the Sith's development, it was called the "Clone CAT walker".[29]

Clone troopers mounted on All Terrain Recon Transports (AT-RTs) search for Yoda (Frank Oz) on Kashyyyk in Revenge of the Sith. The AT-RT is described as a precursor to the AT-ST, though it also shares similarities to the AT-PTs of the same era.[30] A scene cut from Revenge of the Sith would have shown Yoda distracting clone troopers while Chewbacca removes them from their AT-RT in a manner similar to how he obtains control of an AT-ST in Return of the Jedi.[31] AT-RT animators studied AT-ST movement to recreate part of the "original funkiness of movement" caused by the stop-animation style used in the original trilogy.[31]

An All Terrain Armoured Cargo Transport (AT-ACT) appears in the 2016 film Rogue One.[32][33] The new walkers are slightly larger than the standard AT-AT, with a hollowed-out center section that can hold a cargo container. As depicted in the film, it appears to be easier to destroy AT-ACT vehicles, as their armor does not appear to be as strong as their AT-AT counterparts. Under sustained fire, their leg joints can be destroyed, causing the vehicle to fall, and they can be broken in half when fired upon without the cargo container in place.

Star Wars: The Last Jedi introduces several new walking vehicles used by the First Order. The AT-M6 (All-Terrain Megacaliber Six), also dubbed "gorilla walkers," are the most prominently featured. The AT-HH (All-Terrain Heavy Hauler) features many more legs than most walkers to allow it to tow heavy cargo. The First Order also uses upgraded versions of the AT-AT and AT-ST.

The All Terrain Anti-Aircraft (AT-AA), featured in various Expanded Universe media, is a four-legged anti-aircraft vehicle used by the Galactic Empire.[35] The All Terrain Advance Raider (AT-AR) appears in Marvel Comics' Star Wars series and an All Terrain Experimental Transport (AT-XT) appears in LucasArts' Star Wars: The Clone Wars game.[36]DK Publishing's Attack of the Clones: Incredible Cross-Sections book mentions an All Terrain Heavy Enforcer.[37]

In the Star Wars Rebels "sub-universe", the All Terrain Defense Pod (AT-DP) is a powerful predecessor of the AT-ST and has the ability to dock with flying transports, much like the AT-TE can. On Lothal, many of these chicken walkers are used for hunting the young rebellion.

1.
Star Wars
–
Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983

2.
Galactic Republic
–
The Galactic Republic, often referred to as simply the Republic, is the name of the interplanetary State used in the fictional Star Wars universe prior to the establishment of the Galactic Empire. The form of government, ruled by the Senate, was introduced in the prequel trilogy. By the time of the trilogy, it is referred to as the Old Republic. It was a democratic, though eventually ineffectual, constitutional republic tied up in layers of bureaucracy, the Republic, as it was commonly known, was a republican government that was able to sustain itself for over twenty-five thousand years. The Republic itself was formed in 25,053 BBY when the first Galactic Constitution was signed on Coruscant, the Republic was made up of several hundred thousand worlds. The Republic began as a protection and economic alliance among a number of planets in the Galactic Core. Each member world chose a Senator to represent them in the Republic Senate, Senators were ambassadors of their homeworld, and member worlds were able to maintain their government and society in accordance with local beliefs, customs, and traditions. There were a variety of different local governments along the political spectrum. In some systems, the senator was elected to that post, when the Republics power and influence expanded, many new areas of the galaxy were incorporated into the Republic. A reorganization of Senatorial representation occurred 1,000 BBY during the Ruusan Reformation, the most common organization for these new territories was to group regions into Sectors of about 50 inhabited worlds. Each sector is represented by a Senatorial Delegation, when the number of sectors became too large, sectors were organized into roughly a thousand regions, each represented by one delegation to the Senate. The Senate served as the body of the Galactic Republic. The Senate, according to the Star Wars. com Encyclopedia, was a building containing 1,024 floating platforms, each of which contained a senator. Each platform in the senate represented a sector of the galaxy, with one senator for that sector accompanied by a delegation of aides, some platforms represented individual worlds bringing special pleas to the senate, others the special interest groups such as the Trade Federation. Along with the senators, the leaders of the individual member planets apparently also had the power to vote in the Senate, each senatorial delegation had one vote. In the spirit of C-SPAN2, Senate cam droids, also known as Senate hovercams, were floating cam droids used in the Galactic Senate to record the legislative sessions. The members of the Senate then elected a Chancellor from among their ranks who served as the Senates presiding officer and as the Republics de facto leader. The Chancellor was assisted by the Vice Chair, who is elected in the same manner as the Chancellor

3.
Galactic Empire (Star Wars)
–
The Galactic Empire, often referred to simply as the Empire, is a fictional dictatorship featured in the Star Wars franchise. It was first introduced in the 1977 film Star Wars and also appears in its two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi and is the main antagonist faction of the original trilogy. By the time of the trilogy, which starts three decades following the events of the original trilogy, the government has collapsed and is remembered as the Old Empire. Palpatine is also secretly the Sith Lord Darth Sidious who intends to purge the Jedi, Palpatines Sith identity is only known by a small few throughout his life. Palpatine claims that the Jedi attempted to assassinate him and overthrow the Galactic Senate, the Senate that he has manipulated overwhelmingly applauds Palpatines decision. Emperor Palpatine proceeds to purge the Jedi, who had been the upholders of peace and justice in the Republic, by the time of Episode IV, A New Hope, the Empire has transformed into a fully totalitarian regime, opposed by the Rebel Alliance. The Galactic Empire was born out of the collapsing Old Republic, the crisis on Naboo allows Palpatine to be elected Chancellor. When the extent of the Separatist threat becomes clear in Episode II, the Old Republic Senate and this conflict allows Palpatine to remain in office long after his term as Chancellor officially expires. Palpatine promises to return his powers to the Senate once peace and his first order is to create an army of clone troopers resulting in the construction of a massive military. He takes advantage of the conflict to increase his political power, the Jedi begin to distrust the Chancellors motives, fearing he has come under the influence of a Dark Lord of the Sith named Darth Sidious. Palpatine insists to the Jedi that the war, and thus his emergency powers and their concerns are shared by several Senators, who suspect Palpatine may not return his emergency powers to the Senate as promised. Among them are two who had long supported Palpatine, Padmé Amidala and Bail Organa, the film eventually reveals that Palpatine and Sidious are one and the same, and that he has been manipulating the Republic and the Separatists against each other. When the Jedi apprentice Anakin Skywalker discovers Palpatine is actually the mysterious Sith lord Darth Sidious, Windu then leaves with three other Masters to arrest Palpatine, instructing Anakin to remain at the temple. Mace Windu, with a cadre of Jedi, enters Palpatines office and declares that he is under arrest, Palpatine dispenses with his false modest persona and reveals his power-hungry nature, retorting I am the Senate. Palpatine quickly produces a lightsaber and dispatches all but Windu, when Anakin arrives, Windu is standing over the disarmed Palpatine, prepared to strike. Anakin intervenes on Palpatines behalf by cutting off Windus hand, allowing Palpatine to send Windu plunging to his death with a blast of Force lightning, Anakin then submits to the dark side of the Force, becoming Palpatines third Sith apprentice, Darth Vader. Palpatine declares the Jedi to be traitors and enemies of the Republic, and issues Order 66, led by Darth Vader, the Grand Army of the Republic, who once took orders from the Jedi, all but exterminate the Jedi Order in a massive galaxy-wide slaughter. Secure in his power and position, Palpatine reorganizes the Republic into the Galactic Empire, a deleted scene in the film establishes that the two are among the main founders of the Rebel Alliance, which later arises in A New Hope

4.
Industrial Light and Magic
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Industrial Light & Magic is an American motion picture visual effects company that was founded in May 1975 by George Lucas. It is a division of the production company, Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded. It is also the original company of the animation studio Pixar. ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then moved to San Rafael in 1978. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired ILM as part of its purchase of Lucasfilm, Lucas wanted his 1977 film Star Wars to include visual effects that had never been seen on film before. After discovering that the effects department at 20th Century Fox was no longer operational, Lucas approached Douglas Trumbull, famous for the effects on 2001. Trumbull declined as he was committed to working on Steven Spielbergs film Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Dykstra brought together a team of college students, artists, and engineers. Lucas named the group Industrial Light and Magic, which became the Special Visual Effects department on Star Wars. Alongside Dykstra, other leading members of the original ILM team were Ken Ralston, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Joe Johnston, Phil Tippett, Steve Gawley, Lorne Peterson, and Paul Huston. In late 1978, when in pre-production for The Empire Strikes Back, Lucas reformed most of the team into Industrial Light & Magic in Marin County, the Extra-Terrestrial, *batteries not included, The Abyss, and Flubber, and also provided work for Avatar, alongside Weta Digital. In addition to their work for George Lucas, ILM also collaborates with Steven Spielberg on most films that he directs, Dennis Muren has acted as Visual Effects Supervisor on many of these films. After the success of the first Star Wars movie, Lucas became interested in using computer graphics on the sequel. So he contacted Triple-I, known for their early computer effects in movies like Westworld and Futureworld and he found it to be too expensive and returned to handmade models. But the test had showed him it was possible, and he decided he would create his own computer graphics department instead, one of Lucas employees was given the task to find the right people to hire. His search would lead him to NYIT, where he found Edwin Catmull, Catmull and others accepted Lucas job offer, and a new computer division at ILM was created in 1979 with the hiring of Ed Catmull as the first NYIT employee who joined Lucasfilm. John Lasseter, who was hired a few later, worked on computer animation as part of ILMs contribution to Young Sherlock Holmes. The Graphics Group was later sold to Steve Jobs, named Pixar, in 2000, ILM created the OpenEXR format for high-dynamic-range imaging

5.
Stop-motion animation
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Stop motion is an animation technique that physically manipulates an object so that it appears to move on its own. The object is moved in increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a fast sequence. Dolls with movable joints or clay figures are used in stop motion for their ease of repositioning. Stop motion animation using plasticine is called clay animation or clay-mation, not all stop motion requires figures or models, many stop motion films can involve using humans, household appliances and other things for comedic effect. Stop motion using objects is sometimes referred to as object animation, the term stop motion, related to the animation technique, is often spelled with a hyphen, stop-motion. Stop motion is often confused with the time lapse technique, where photographs of a live surrounding are taken at regular intervals. Time lapse is a technique whereby the frequency at which frames are captured is much lower than that used to view the sequence. When played at speed, time appears to be moving faster. Stop motion animation has a history in film. It was often used to show objects moving as if by magic, in 1902, the film Fun in a Bakery Shop used the stop trick technique in the lightning sculpting sequence. In 1907, The Haunted Hotel is a new stop motion film by J. Stuart Blackton, segundo de Chomón, from Spain, released El Hotel Eléctrico later that same year, and used similar techniques as the Blackton film. In 1908, A Sculptors Welsh Rarebit Nightmare was released, as was The Sculptors Nightmare, italian animator Roméo Bossetti impressed audiences with his object animation tour-de-force, The Automatic Moving Company in 1912. The great European stop motion pioneer was Wladyslaw Starewicz, who animated The Beautiful Lukanida, The Battle of the Stag Beetles, The Ant, one of the earliest clay animation films was Modelling Extraordinary, which impressed audiences in 1912. December 1916 brought the first of Willie Hopkins 54 episodes of Miracles in Mud to the big screen, also in December 1916, the first woman animator, Helena Smith Dayton, began experimenting with clay stop motion. She would release her first film in 1917, an adaptation of William Shakespeares Romeo, in the turn of the century, there was another well known animator known as Willis O Brien. His work on The Lost World is well known, but he is most admired for his work on King Kong, oBriens protege and eventual successor in Hollywood was Ray Harryhausen. After learning under OBrien on the film Mighty Joe Young, Harryhausen would go on to create the effects for a string of successful and memorable films over the next three decades. These included The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms, It Came from Beneath the Sea, Jason, in a 1940 promotional film, Autolite, an automotive parts supplier, featured stop motion animation of its products marching past Autolite factories to the tune of Franz Schuberts Military March

6.
The Empire Strikes Back
–
The Empire Strikes Back is a 1980 American epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner. Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan wrote the screenplay, with George Lucas writing the films story, the film is set three years after Star Wars. The Galactic Empire, under the leadership of the villainous Darth Vader and the Emperor, is in pursuit of Luke Skywalker, while Vader chases a small band of Lukes friends—Han Solo, Princess Leia Organa, and others—across the galaxy, Luke studies the Force under Jedi Master Yoda. When Vader captures Lukes friends, Luke must decide whether to complete his training and become a full Jedi Knight or to confront Vader, following a difficult production, The Empire Strikes Back was released on May 21,1980. The film ranks #3 on Empires 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time and it became the highest-grossing film of 1980 and, to date, has earned more than $538 million worldwide from its original run and several re-releases. When adjusted for inflation, it is the sequel of all time. The film was followed by a sequel, titled Return of the Jedi, in 2010, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant. Three years after the destruction of the Death Star, the Rebel Alliance has been driven from their base on Yavin IV by the Galactic Empire. The Rebels, led by Princess Leia, have set up their new base on the ice planet Hoth, the Imperial fleet, led by Darth Vader, continues to hunt for the Rebels’ new base by dispatching probe droids across the galaxy. While investigating a meteor strike, Luke Skywalker is injured and captured by a wampa. He manages to escape from its cave with his lightsaber, the ghost of his late mentor, Obi-Wan Kenobi, instructs him to go to the Dagobah system to train under Jedi Master Yoda. He is found by Han Solo, who kills his tauntaun, Han and Luke make it through the night and are rescued by a search party. On patrol, Han and Chewbacca discover the meteor Luke had planned to investigate is actually a probe droid, the Empire launches a large-scale attack, using AT-AT Walkers to capture the base. Despite heavy resistance, the Walkers destroy the shield generator. Han and Leia escape on the Millennium Falcon with C-3PO and Chewbacca and they hide in an asteroid field, where Han and Leia grow closer, and eventually, kiss. Vader summons bounty hunters, including the notorious Boba Fett, to assist in finding the Falcon, Luke, meanwhile, escapes with R2-D2 in his X-wing fighter and crash-lands on the swamp planet Dagobah. He meets a creature who is revealed to be Yoda, after conferring with Obi-Wans spirit. Yoda trains Luke as a Jedi and raises his sunken ship from the swamp with the power of the Force, after evading the Empire, Han sets a course for Cloud City, a floating colony in the skies of the gas giant planet Bespin

7.
Star Wars expanded universe
–
The Star Wars expanded universe is a collective term for all Star Wars fictional material produced by Lucasfilm or officially licensed by it. This restructuring left the Star Wars theatrical films, the Clone Wars animated film, a number of works have subsequently been produced, including the Rebels animated TV series, the 2015 film The Force Awakens, and multiple novels and comic book series. Fosters 1978 novel Splinter of the Minds Eye was commissioned by Lucas as the basis for a potential sequel to Star Wars should the film prove unsuccessful. A Star Wars comic book series from Marvel Comics ran from April 1977 to May 1986, former Marvel Editor-In-Chief Jim Shooter credited the titles strong sales for saving Marvel financially in 1977 and 1978. Marvels Star Wars series was one of the top selling titles in 1979 and 1980. The material was used as a resource by some novelists that followed, StarWars. com wrote in 2014 that the novel jumpstarted a publishing program that endures to this day and formalized the Expanded Universe. It introduced, among others, the popular characters Grand Admiral Thrawn and Mara Jade and this so-called Thrawn trilogy is widely credited with revitalizing the Star Wars franchise. In The Secret History of Star Wars, Michael Kaminski suggests that this renewed interest was a factor in Lucass decision to create the prequel trilogy. Around this same time, Dark Horse Comics acquired the Star Wars license and launched a number of series set after the film trilogy. In 1999, Star Wars book publishing moved from Bantam Spectra to Del Rey Books, New Jedi Order, set 25 to 30 years after the original films, introduced a new threat, the Yuuzhan Vong, a powerful alien race attempting to invade and conquer the entire galaxy. The bulk of Expanded Universe storytelling explores the time period after Return of the Jedi, subsequent novels and comics were set before, concurrent with, and after the events of these works. In 2004, USA Today reported that over 1,100 Star Wars titles had been published, including novels, comics, non-fiction, then-president of Lucas Licensing, Howard Roffman, estimated that there were more than 65 million Star Wars books in print. He said, The books are a way of extending the fantasy of Star Wars, the movies have had a really profound effect on a couple of generations. Star Wars has become a cultural touchpoint, and our fans are avidly interested in exploring more stories, the animated television series Star Wars, The Clone Wars ran from 2008 to 2014 and was set between Attack of the Clones and Revenge of the Sith. Lucas discussed ideas for a sequel trilogy several times after the conclusion of the original trilogy, in October 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion. In April 2014, Lucasfilm rebranded the Expanded Universe material as Star Wars Legends, the companys focus would be shifted towards a restructured Star Wars canon based on new material. The announcement called these works the immovable objects of Star Wars history and it was also made clear that a planned Star Wars sequel trilogy, and subsequent works developed within the restructured canon, would not be based on Legends material but could possibly draw from it. Lucas had previously used the character Aayla Secura, introduced in 2000 in the Star Wars, Republic comic book series, in Attack of the Clones

8.
Battle of Hoth
–
The Empire Strikes Back is a 1980 American epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner. Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan wrote the screenplay, with George Lucas writing the films story, the film is set three years after Star Wars. The Galactic Empire, under the leadership of the villainous Darth Vader and the Emperor, is in pursuit of Luke Skywalker, while Vader chases a small band of Lukes friends—Han Solo, Princess Leia Organa, and others—across the galaxy, Luke studies the Force under Jedi Master Yoda. When Vader captures Lukes friends, Luke must decide whether to complete his training and become a full Jedi Knight or to confront Vader, following a difficult production, The Empire Strikes Back was released on May 21,1980. The film ranks #3 on Empires 2008 list of the 500 greatest movies of all time and it became the highest-grossing film of 1980 and, to date, has earned more than $538 million worldwide from its original run and several re-releases. When adjusted for inflation, it is the sequel of all time. The film was followed by a sequel, titled Return of the Jedi, in 2010, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant. Three years after the destruction of the Death Star, the Rebel Alliance has been driven from their base on Yavin IV by the Galactic Empire. The Rebels, led by Princess Leia, have set up their new base on the ice planet Hoth, the Imperial fleet, led by Darth Vader, continues to hunt for the Rebels’ new base by dispatching probe droids across the galaxy. While investigating a meteor strike, Luke Skywalker is injured and captured by a wampa. He manages to escape from its cave with his lightsaber, the ghost of his late mentor, Obi-Wan Kenobi, instructs him to go to the Dagobah system to train under Jedi Master Yoda. He is found by Han Solo, who kills his tauntaun, Han and Luke make it through the night and are rescued by a search party. On patrol, Han and Chewbacca discover the meteor Luke had planned to investigate is actually a probe droid, the Empire launches a large-scale attack, using AT-AT Walkers to capture the base. Despite heavy resistance, the Walkers destroy the shield generator. Han and Leia escape on the Millennium Falcon with C-3PO and Chewbacca and they hide in an asteroid field, where Han and Leia grow closer, and eventually, kiss. Vader summons bounty hunters, including the notorious Boba Fett, to assist in finding the Falcon, Luke, meanwhile, escapes with R2-D2 in his X-wing fighter and crash-lands on the swamp planet Dagobah. He meets a creature who is revealed to be Yoda, after conferring with Obi-Wans spirit. Yoda trains Luke as a Jedi and raises his sunken ship from the swamp with the power of the Force, after evading the Empire, Han sets a course for Cloud City, a floating colony in the skies of the gas giant planet Bespin

9.
Quadrupedalism
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Quadrupedalism or pronograde posture is a form of terrestrial locomotion in animals using four limbs or legs. An animal or machine that moves in a quadrupedal manner is known as a quadruped. The majority of quadrupeds are vertebrate animals, including such as cattle, dogs and cats. Few other animals are quadrupedal, though a few birds like the shoebill sometimes use their wings to itself after lunging at prey. Although the words quadruped and tetrapod are both derived from terms meaning four-footed, they have distinct meanings, a tetrapod is any member of the taxonomic unit Tetrapoda whereas a quadruped actually uses four limbs for locomotion. Not all tetrapods are quadrupeds and not all quadrupeds are tetrapods, the distinction between quadrupeds and tetrapods is important in evolutionary biology, particularly in the context of tetrapods whose limbs have adapted to other roles. All of these animals are tetrapods, but none is a quadruped, even snakes, whose limbs have become vestigial or lost entirely, are nevertheless tetrapods. Most quadrupedal animals are tetrapods but there are a few exceptions, for instance, among the insects, the praying mantis is a quadruped. In July 2005, in rural Turkey, scientists discovered five Kurdish siblings who had learned to walk naturally on their hands, unlike chimpanzees, which ambulate on their knuckles, the Kurdish siblings walked on their palms, allowing them to preserve the dexterity of their fingers. Many people, especially practitioners of Parkour and Freerunning and Georges Héberts Natural Method, kenichi Ito is a Japanese man famous for speed running on four limbs. Quadrupedalism is sometimes referred to as being on all fours, and is observed in crawling especially by infants, bigDog is a dynamically stable quadruped robot created in 2005 by Boston Dynamics with Foster-Miller, the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the Harvard University Concord Field Station. Also by NASA JPL, in collaboration with University of California, Santa Barbara Robotics Lab, is RoboSimian, with emphasis on stability and it has been demonstrated at the DARPA Robotics Challenge. Bipedalism Orthograde posture Family may provide evolution clue - BBC News

10.
Infantry fighting vehicle
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An infantry fighting vehicle, or mechanized infantry combat vehicle, is a type of armoured fighting vehicle used to carry infantry into battle and provide direct fire support. Infantry fighting vehicles are distinct from armoured personnel carriers, which are transport vehicles armed only for self-defense, consequently, IFVs possess heavier armament than an APC, and the attached rifle squad fights from within the vehicle more often than in an APC. IFVs also often have improved armour and some have ports which allow the infantry to fire personal weapons while on board and they are typically armed with a 20 to 40 mm caliber autocannon, a coaxial machine gun and sometimes anti-tank guided missiles. IFVs are usually tracked, but there are some wheeled vehicles too, IFVs are much less heavily armed and protected than main battle tanks, but when equipped with larger cannon or ATGMs may pose a significant threat to all but the heaviest armoured fighting vehicles. The first mass-produced IFV was the West German Schützenpanzer 12-3 which served in the Bundeswehr from 1958 until the early 1980s, the SPz 12-3 mounted a 20 mm autocannon in a small turret and carried a half-squad of five armoured infantrymen. Western powers were surprised when the Soviet Union paraded the BMP-1, Soviet infantrymen could thus enter a hypothetical engagement in a vehicle that possessed formidable fighting capability in its own right. This brought combined arms integration to the lowest tactical level, in 1971, the Ratel was designed to a South African specification for a wheeled combat vehicle suited to the demands of a high-speed offensive that combined maximum mobility and firepower. The emphasis was on mobility in particular, as it had to keep pace with a rapid mechanised advance, South Africas motorised units had carried out prior deployments on unprotected Bedford MK and Unimog trucks, but these were deemed unsuitable for the harsh African terrain. They also offered few advantages in mine protection, while the Ratels blastproof hull was developed to even the most catastrophic anti-tank mine explosions. During the South African Border War, Ratels equipped with a 90 mm gun adopted from the Eland-90 were utilised as improvised tank destroyers to varying degrees of success. In most Western IFVs, the large guns on the BMP. While the former enjoyed a tank-killing capability that most autocannon lack, combat applications in close-combat environments are likely to drive up survivability requirements necessitating the same protection level required by most tanks. In times of warfare, local crises, and urban combat. The IFV offers a compromise between mobility, protection, and firepower. They can be used in high and low intensity conflicts as well as peacekeeping operations, the latest vehicles, like the Patria AMV, have been designed with an emphasis on modularity that improves their ability to be repaired in the field. Infantry fighting vehicles are typically well armoured, although usually with less protection than main battle tanks, typical armament is an autocannon and machine guns. IFVs have a door for dismounts, most IFVs are resistant against heavy machine guns, artillery fragments, and small arms. The IFVs mission does not include anti-tank duties except in support of units or in emergencies, therefore

11.
Psychological warfare
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The term is used to denote any action which is practiced mainly by psychological methods with the aim of evoking a planned psychological reaction in other people. Various techniques are used, and are aimed at influencing a target audiences value system, belief system, emotions, motives, reasoning, or behavior. It is used to induce confessions or reinforce attitudes and behaviors favorable to the originators objectives and it is also used to destroy the morale of enemies through tactics that aim to depress troops psychological states. Target audiences can be governments, organizations, groups, and individuals, civilians of foreign territories can also be targeted by technology and media so as to cause an effect in the government of their country. In Propaganda, The Formation of Mens Attitudes, Jacques Ellul discusses psychological warfare as a peace policy practice between nations as a form of indirect aggression. This type of propaganda drains the public opinion of a regime by stripping away its power on public opinion. This form of aggression is hard to defend against because no court of justice is capable of protecting against psychological aggression since it cannot be legally adjudicated. Here the propagandists is dealing with an adversary whose morale he seeks to destroy by psychological means so that the opponent begins to doubt the validity of his beliefs. Since prehistoric times, warlords and chiefs have recognised the importance of inducing psychological terror in opponents, facing armies would shout, hurl insults at each other and beat weapons together or on shields prior to an engagement, all designed to intimidate the enemy. Massacres and other atrocities were certainly first employed at this time to subdue enemy or rebellious populations or induce an enemy to abandon their struggle, alexander left some of his men behind in each conquered city to introduce Greek culture and oppress dissident views. His soldiers were paid dowries to marry locals in an effort to encourage assimilation, genghis Khan, leader of the Mongolian Empire in the 13th century AD employed less subtle techniques. Defeating the will of the enemy before having to attack and reaching a settlement was preferable to actually fighting. The Mongol generals demanded submission to the Khan, and threatened the initially captured villages with complete destruction if they refused to surrender, if they had to fight to take the settlement, the Mongol generals fulfilled their threats and massacred the survivors. Tales of the encroaching horde spread to the villages and created an aura of insecurity that undermined the possibility of future resistance. The Khan also employed tactics that made his numbers seem greater than actually were. During night operations he ordered each soldier to light three torches at dusk to give the illusion of an army and deceive and intimidate enemy scouts. He also sometimes had objects tied to the tails of his horses, so that riding on open and his soldiers used arrows specially notched to whistle as they flew through the air, creating a terrifying noise. Another tactic favoured by the Mongols was catapulting severed human heads over city walls to frighten the inhabitants and this was especially used by the later Turko-Mongol chieftain

12.
Return of the Jedi
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Return of the Jedi is a 1983 American epic space opera film directed by Richard Marquand. The screenplay by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas was from a story by Lucas and it was the third and final installment in the original Star Wars trilogy and the first film to use THX technology. The film is set one year after The Empire Strikes Back and was produced by Howard Kazanjian for Lucasfilm Ltd, the film stars Mark Hamill, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Billy Dee Williams, Anthony Daniels, David Prowse, Kenny Baker, Peter Mayhew and Frank Oz. The Galactic Empire, under the direction of the ruthless Emperor, is constructing a second Death Star in order to crush the Rebel Alliance once, meanwhile, Luke Skywalker, a Jedi apprentice, struggles to bring his father Darth Vader back to the Light Side of the Force. David Lynch and David Cronenberg were considered to direct the project before Marquand signed on as director, the production team relied on Lucas storyboards during pre-production. While writing the script, Lucas, Kasdan, Marquand. Kazanjians schedule pushed shooting to begin a few weeks early to allow Industrial Light & Magic more time to work on the effects in post-production. Filming took place in England, California, and Arizona from January to May 1982, strict secrecy surrounded the production and the film used the working title Blue Harvest to prevent price gouging. The film was released in theaters on May 25,1983, six years to the day after the release of the first film, the film grossed between $475 million and $572 million worldwide. Alongside its success, the film received four Academy Award nominations, several home video and theatrical releases and revisions to the film followed over the next 20 years. Star Wars continued with Episode I, The Phantom Menace as part of the film prequel trilogy. A sequel, Star Wars, The Force Awakens, was released on December 18,2015, Luke Skywalker initiates a plan to rescue Han Solo from the crime lord Jabba the Hutt with the help of Princess Leia, Lando Calrissian, Chewbacca, C-3PO, and R2-D2. Leia infiltrates Jabbas palace on Tatooine disguised as a bounty hunter with Chewbacca as her prisoner, Lando is already there disguised as a guard. Leia releases Han from his prison, but she is captured and enslaved. Luke arrives soon afterward but after a standoff, he is captured. After Luke survives his battle with Jabbas Rancor, Jabba sentences him, Luke frees himself and battles Jabbas guards. During the chaos, Boba Fett, who has remained at Jabbas palace since delivering Han, attempts to attack Luke, meanwhile, Leia strangles Jabba to death, and Luke destroys Jabbas sail barge as the group escapes. While the others rendezvous with the Rebel Alliance, Luke returns to Dagobah where he finds that Yoda is dying, before he dies, Yoda confirms that Darth Vader, once known as Anakin Skywalker, is Lukes father, and there is another Skywalker

13.
Star Wars: The Force Awakens
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Star Wars, The Force Awakens is a 2015 American epic space opera film directed, co-produced, and co-written by J. J. Abrams. The Force Awakens was announced after The Walt Disney Companys acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012 and it was produced by Abrams, his longtime collaborator Bryan Burk, and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy. Abrams and Lawrence Kasdan, co-writer of the trilogy films The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi. John Williams, composer for the six films, returned to compose the films score. Lucas served as consultant during the films early production. Filming began in April 2014 in Abu Dhabi and Iceland, with photography also taking place in Ireland and Pinewood Studios in England. It is the first live-action film in the franchise since Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Star Wars, The Force Awakens was widely anticipated, and Disney backed the film with extensive marketing campaigns. It premiered in Los Angeles on December 14,2015, four days before its release worldwide. It received five Academy Award nominations and four British Academy Film Award nominations, two sequels, Star Wars, The Last Jedi and Episode IX, are scheduled for release in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Three decades after the destruction of the second Death Star, the First Order has risen from the fallen Galactic Empire, the Resistance, backed by the Republic and led by General Leia Organa, opposes them while searching for her brother, Luke Skywalker, to enlist his aid. Resistance pilot Poe Dameron meets village elder Lor San Tekka on the planet Jakku to obtain a map to Lukes location, stormtroopers commanded by Kylo Ren destroy the village and capture Poe, while Ren kills Tekka. Poes droid, BB-8, escapes with the map and encounters a scavenger named Rey near a junkyard settlement, Ren tortures Poe using the Force, and learns of BB-8. Stormtrooper FN-2187, unwilling to kill, frees Poe, and they escape in a stolen TIE fighter and they crash on Jakku, and Finn survives, but Poe is believed to have been killed in the crash. Finn encounters Rey and BB-8, but the First Order tracks them, Finn, Rey, and BB-8 flee the planet in the Millennium Falcon, which they steal from a junkyard. The Falcon is captured by a ship piloted by Han Solo and Chewbacca. Two rival gangs, seeking to settle debts with Han, board and attack, the gangs inform the First Order. At the First Orders Starkiller Base – a planet converted into a superweapon that harnesses energy from stars – Supreme Leader Snoke orders General Hux to use the weapon for the first time. Snoke questions Rens ability to deal with emotions relating to his father, Han Solo, the Falcon crew views BB-8s map and determines it is incomplete

14.
Joe Johnston
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Joseph Eggleston Joe Johnston II is an American film director and former effects artist best known for such effects-driven movies as Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, Jumanji and Jurassic Park III. These movies include a number of films such as The Rocketeer, The Wolfman. In 1999 Johnston won acclaim for the biographical drama October Sky, Johnston was born in Austin, Texas, and attended California State University, Long Beach, and Pasadenas Art Center College of Design. Much of the work at the beginning of Johnstons screen career combined design and he began his career as a concept artist and effects technician on the first Star Wars film, directed by George Lucas, and was art director on one of the effects teams for the sequel. He was also producer on fantasy Willow, and production designer on two mid-80s TV movies which featured the Ewoks seen in Return of the Jedi. Johnston is also author of Star Wars novel The Adventures of Teebo, A Tale of Magic and Suspense, in 1984, Lucas gave Johnston a sabbatical, with salary, and paid his tuition to attend the USC School of Cinematic Arts. Johnston left after a year, saying he was asked not to return because he broke too many rules, Johnston made his directorial debut in 1989 with hit comedy adventure Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, starring Rick Moranis. He followed it with comic-book adaptation The Rocketeer, the film was a commercial failure, as was his next, the animated and live-action The Pagemaster. Johnston rebounded, directing the family hit Jumanji, starring Robin Williams, the film overcame lukewarm reviews to gross over $260 million. Johnston was set to direct Hulk, but dropped out in July 1997, based on a true story, the film won Johnston both acclaim and awards. Johnstons first project of the 2000s was the sequel Jurassic Park III, Johnston followed it with western Hidalgo, starring Viggo Mortensen. Johnston then took a six-year directorial break before signing on at a months notice to take over the 2010 remake of 1941 horror classic The Wolfman, shot in England, the film starred Benicio del Toro and Anthony Hopkins. In part thanks to his experience with the superhero film The Rocketeer, Johnston was selected to direct Marvel Studios superhero adaptation Captain America. Released on July 22,2011, the film stars Chris Evans as the comic book hero, in 2012 Johnston began directing thriller Not Safe for Work. Joe Johnston at the Internet Movie Database

15.
Paraceratherium
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Paraceratherium is an extinct genus of hornless rhinoceros, and one of the largest terrestrial mammals that has ever existed. It lived from the early to late Oligocene epoch, its remains have been found across Eurasia between China and the Balkans and it is classified as a member of the hyracodont subfamily Indricotheriinae. Paraceratherium means near the hornless beast, in reference to Aceratherium, the exact size of Paraceratherium is unknown because of the incompleteness of the fossils. Its weight is estimated to have been 15 to 20 tonnes at most, the height was about 4.8 metres. The legs were long and pillar-like, the long neck supported a skull that was about 1.3 metres long. It had large, tusk-like incisors and an incision that suggests it had a prehensile upper lip or proboscis. The lifestyle of Paraceratherium may have similar to that of modern large mammals such as the elephants. Because of its size, it would have had few predators and it was a browser, eating mainly leaves, soft plants, and shrubs. It lived in habitats ranging from arid deserts with a few scattered trees to subtropical forests, the reasons for the animals extinction are unknown, but various factors have been proposed. The taxonomy of the genus and the species within has a long, other genera of Oligocene indricotheres, such as Baluchitherium, Indricotherium, and Dzungariotherium have been named, but no complete specimens exist, making comparison and classification difficult. The most completely-known species is P. transouralicum, so most reconstructions of the genus are based on it, differences between P. bugtiense and P. transouralicum may be due to sexual dimorphism, which would make them the same species. Scientists from different parts of the world did attempt to compare their finds to get a complete picture of these animals. The opposing taxonomic tendencies of lumping and splitting have also contributed to the problem, inaccurate geological dating previously led scientists to believe various geological formations that are now known to be contemporaneous were of different ages. Early discoveries of indricotheres were made through various colonial links to Asia, the first known indricothere fossils were collected from Balochistan in 1846 by a soldier named Vickary, but these fragments were unidentifiable at the time. The first fossils now recognised as Paraceratherium were discovered by the British geologist Guy Ellcock Pilgrim in Balochistan in 1907–1908 and his material consisted of an upper jaw, lower teeth, and the back of a jaw. The fossils were collected in the Chitarwata Formation of Dera Bugti, in 1908, he used the fossils as basis for a new species of the extinct rhinoceros genus Aceratherium, A. bugtiense. Aceratherium was by then a wastebasket taxon, it included several unrelated species of hornless rhinoceros, fossil incisors that Pilgrim had previously assigned to the unrelated genus Bugtitherium were later shown to belong to the new species. In 1910, more fossils were discovered in Dera Bugti during an expedition by the British palaeontologist Clive Forster-Cooper

16.
George Lucas
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George Walton Lucas Jr. is an American filmmaker and entrepreneur. He is best known as the creator of the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises, as well as the founder of Lucasfilm and he was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lucasfilm, before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012. Upon graduating from the University of Southern California in 1967, Lucas co-founded American Zoetrope with fellow filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola, Lucas wrote and directed THX1138, based on his earlier student short Electronic Labyrinth, THX1138 4EB, which was a critical success but a financial failure. His next work as a writer-director was the film, American Graffiti, inspired by his teen years in early 1960s Modesto, California, the film was critically and commercially successful, and received five Academy Award nominations including Best Picture. Following the first Star Wars film, Lucas produced and co-wrote the following installments in the trilogy, The Empire Strikes Back, along with Steven Spielberg, Lucas co-created and wrote the Indiana Jones films Raiders of the Lost Ark, Temple of Doom, and The Last Crusade. Lucas also produced and/or wrote a variety of films through Lucasfilm in the 1980s and 1990s, Lucas also returned to directing with the Star Wars prequel trilogy, consisting of The Phantom Menace, Attack of the Clones, and Revenge of the Sith. He later collaborated on the story for the Indiana Jones sequel Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, five of Lucass seven features are among the 100 highest-grossing movies at the North American box office, adjusted for ticket-price inflation. Lucas is one of the American film industrys most financially successful filmmakers, Lucas is considered a significant figure in the New Hollywood era. Lucas was born and raised in Modesto, California, the son of Dorothy Ellinore Lucas and George Walton Lucas and he is of German, Swiss-German, English, Scottish, and distant Dutch and French descent. Growing up, Lucas had a passion for cars and motor racing, on June 12,1962, while driving his souped-up Autobianchi Bianchina, another driver broadsided him, flipping over his car, nearly killing him, causing him to lose interest in racing as a career. He attended Modesto Junior College, where he studied anthropology, sociology and he also began shooting with an 8 mm camera, including filming car races. At this time, Lucas and his friend John Plummer became interested in Canyon Cinema, screenings of underground, avant-garde 16 mm filmmakers like Jordan Belson, Stan Brakhage, and Bruce Conner. Lucas and Plummer also saw classic European films of the time, including Jean-Luc Godards Breathless, François Truffauts Jules et Jim, thats when George really started exploring, Plummer said. Through his interest in racing, Lucas met renowned cinematographer Haskell Wexler, another race enthusiast. Wexler, later to work with Lucas on several occasions, was impressed by Lucas talent, George had a very good eye, and he thought visually, he recalled. Lucas then transferred to the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts, USC was one of the earliest universities to have a school devoted to motion picture film. During the years at USC, Lucas shared a room with Randal Kleiser. Along with classmates such as Walter Murch, Hal Barwood, and John Milius and he also became good friends with fellow acclaimed student filmmaker and future Indiana Jones collaborator, Steven Spielberg

17.
Container crane
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A container crane is a type of large dockside gantry crane found at container terminals for loading and unloading intermodal containers from container ships. Container cranes consist of a framework that can traverse the length of a quay or yard on a rail track. Instead of a hook, they are equipped with a handling tool called a spreader. The spreader can be lowered on top of a container and locks onto the containers four locking points using a twistlock mechanism, Cranes normally transport a single container at once, but some newer cranes have the capability to pick up two to four 20-foot containers at once. Low-profile cranes are used where they may be in the path of aircraft. The type of crane selected in container terminal design process is determined by the design vessel, container cranes are generally classified by their lifting capacity and the size of the container ships they can load and unload. A Panamax crane can load and unload containers from a panamax class container ship capable of passing through the Panama Canal. A post-Panamax crane can load and unload containers from a container ship too large to pass through the Panama Canal, the largest modern container cranes are classified as super-post-Panamax. A modern container crane capable of lifting two 20-foot long containers at once under the telescopic spreader will generally have a lifting capacity of 65 tonnes. Some new cranes have a 120-tonne load capacity, enabling them to lift up to four 20-foot or two 40-foot containers, Cranes capable of lifting six 20-foot containers have also been designed. Post-Panamax cranes weigh approximately 800–900 tonnes, while the newer-generation super-post-Panamax cranes can weigh 1, super Post-Panamax Quay Cranes of Doosan make are equipped to handle safe working load of 41 MTs /65 MTs /85 MTs and has an outreach of 23 rows across the vessel. Both the rolling stock and the trailers may pass under the base, smaller container cranes are also used at break-of-gauge transloading facilities. The crane is driven by an operator who sits in a suspended from the trolley. The trolley runs along rails located on the top or sides of the boom, the operator runs the trolley over the ship to lift the cargo, usually containers. Once the spreader locks onto the container, the container is lifted, moved over the dock, the crane also lifts containers from chassis on the dock to load them onto the ship. Straddle carriers, sidelifts, reach stackers, or container lorries then manoeuvre underneath the base and collect the containers, rapidly moving them away from the dock. Flatcars or well cars may also be loaded directly beneath the crane base, a crane can be powered by two types of power supply, a diesel engine–driven generator located on top of the crane or electric power from the dock. The most common is by electric power from the dock, the voltage required may range from 4,000 to 13,200 volts

18.
Port of Oakland
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The Port of Oakland is a major container ship facility located in Oakland, California, in the San Francisco Bay. It was the first major port on the Pacific Coast of the United States to build terminals for container ships and it is now the fifth busiest container port in the United States, behind Long Beach, Los Angeles, Newark, and Savannah. Originally, the estuary,500 feet wide, had a depth of two feet at low tide. 22 years later, in 1874, the dredged shipping channel was deepened to make Oakland a deep water port. In the late 19th century, the Southern Pacific was granted rights to the port. This act, protested by the SP and later held up in court, the courts ruled that all landfill since the date of the agreement did not belong to the SP. This ruling ended SP control and made the modern Port of Oakland possible, on May 6,1915, the Admiral Dewey became the first vessel to dock at the foot of Clay street. Captain J. Daniels, master of the vessel, was greeted by Commissioner of Public Works Harry S. Anderson, keith, the two men who had so much to do with the upbuilding of the citys waterfront, were the first aboard the boat. Captain do you realize that you are the commander of the first big vessel that has ever tied up to what will eventually be the busiest wharf on the Pacific Coast, Anderson asked that official as he shook Captain J. Daniels hand. I certainly do realize that, Mr. Anderson, returned Captain Daniels, and I assure you that I appreciate the honor. Ive been many years on the sea, but I have never docked a ship at a better wharf than this. -Source Oakland Tribune May 7,1915. However, the port was not officially named the Port of Oakland until 1927, in 1962, the Port of Oakland began to admit container ships. Container traffic greatly increased the amount of loaded and unloaded in the Port. By the late 1960s, the Port of Oakland was the second largest port in the world in container tonnage, during an expansion of the Port in the late 1960s, fill material was added to what remained of the old Southern Pacific mole. The fill came largely from the concurrent excavation of the Berkeley Hills Tunnel during the construction of the BART system. The BART trunk line also crosses over part of the port, one of the main limitations to growth was the inability to transfer containers to rail lines, all cranes historically operating between ocean vessels and trucks. The Port retained VZM, Korve Engineering and Earth Metrics to perform engineering and that brought the cumulative investment of port expansion to over 1.4 billion dollars since 1962, half of which was comprised by the intermodal facility. Also, the Port is now reaping the benefits of investment in post-panamax cranes, dredging, and the transfer of military property, deepening of the port from 42 feet to 50 feet to accommodate larger ships has been completed

19.
San Rafael, California
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San Rafael is a city and the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. The city is located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, as of the 2010 census the citys population is 57,713. What is now San Rafael was once the site of several Coast Miwok villages, Awani-wi, near downtown San Rafael, Ewu, near Terra Linda,14,1817, four years before Mexico gained independence from Spain. Mission San Rafael Arcángel was located a donkeys day walk to the mission below it, the mission and the city are named after the Archangel Raphael, the Angel of Healing. The mission was planned as a hospital site for Central Valley American Indians who had become ill at the cold San Francisco Mission Dolores. Father Luis Gil, who spoke several Native American languages, was put in charge of the facility, in part because of its ideal weather, San Rafael was later upgraded to full mission status in 1822. The mission had 300 converts within its first year, and 1,140 converts by 1828, the Mexican government took over the California missions in 1834, and Mission San Rafael was abandoned in 1844, eventually falling into ruin. The current mission was built in 1949 in the style of the original, the San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad reached San Rafael in 1879 and was linked to the national rail network in 1888. The United States Navy operated a San Pablo Bay degaussing range from San Rafael through World War II, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.4 square miles. 16.5 square miles of it is land and 6.0 square miles of it is water, south of the county is San Francisco. Peacock Gap Golf Course which is open to the public, there are several public parks in the city. The San Rafael shoreline has been filled to a considerable extent to accommodate land development. At certain locations such as Murphys Point, the sandstone or shale rock outcrops through the mud, San Rafael has a wide diversity of natural habitats from forests at the higher elevations to marshland and estuarine settings. Its marshes are home to the endangered species Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse, there are also riparian areas including the San Rafael Creek and Miller Creek corridors. San Rafael has a Mediterranean climate, with winter lows seldom reaching the freezing mark. The National Weather Service reports that August is usually the warmest month with a high of 80. 1°, December, the coldest month, has an average high of 55. 1° and an average low of 41. 0°. The highest temperature on record is 110°, recorded in June 1961, the highest temperature in recent years, 108°, occurred on July 23,2006. The record lowest temperature was 20° on December 22,1990, there are an average of 17.9 days annually with a high of 90° or more and 1.2 days with a high of 100° or more

20.
Phil Tippett
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Phil Tippett is an American movie director and a visual effects supervisor and producer, who specializes in creature design and character animation. Tippett was born in Berkeley, California, when he was seven, Tippett saw Ray Harryhausens special effects classic, The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad, and his lifes direction was set. Tippett completed a degree in art at the University of California, Irvine. When Star Wars was being released on theatres, in 1977, Tippett was approached by Joe Dante and that year,1978, Tippett headed the ILM animation department with Jon Berg for The Empire Strikes Back. For this film, Tippett co-developed the animation technique called go motion to animate the sinister AT-AT Imperial Walkers, in 1981 Tippett continued using go motion for Dragonslayer, and received his first Academy Award nomination for the extraordinarily realistic dragon animation. By 1983, Tippett led the famed Lucasfilm creature shop for Return of the Jedi for which he was awarded his first Oscar in 1984. In 1984 Tippett Studio was born when Tippett left ILM and set up a studio in his garage to create a 10-minute experimental film called Prehistoric Beast, the realism of the dinosaurs it depicted and the films reflection of contemporary scientific theory led to the 1985 CBS animated documentary Dinosaur. The next year, in 1986, Dinosaur, granted Tippett Studio its first award, a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Visual Effects, for the animated dinosaur sequences. In 1986 producer Jon Davison hired Tippett to create the animated sequences for RoboCop. The ED-209 stop-motion model was animated by Tippett but designed by Craig Hayes, as one of the setpieces of the movie, the ED-209s look and animated sequences were under the close supervision of director Paul Verhoeven, who sometimes acted out the robots movements himself. ED209 was voiced by producer Jon Davison and this project became the start of a long and successful collaboration between Davies and Tippet. He also modeled the Dark Overlord creatures seen in Howard the Duck, in 1991, Tippett was hired to create the dinosaur effects for the Steven Spielberg blockbuster Jurassic Park using his go motion technique made famous in the film Dragonslayer. However, Dennis Muren and his CGI team at Industrial Light & Magic created animated test footage of a T-Rex that Spielberg loved, when Tippett was told that Jurassic Park dinosaurs would be computer-generated, he was shocked, exclaiming Ive just become extinct. Tippett supervised both the Tippett Studio and ILM animators, resulting in realistic digital dinosaurs that breathe, flex, twitch and his effort earned him a second Oscar. Tippett is also the subject of an internet meme regarding his credit in the film. Implying that because he didnt supervise the dinosaurs properly, he was responsible for the on-screen deaths, mashable interviewed Tippett in April 2014 about this meme, which he called beyond silly and such a waste of time. In 1995, Tippett Studio was hired to create the giant, Tippett marshaled a team of 100 animators, model makers, computer artists and technicians and expanded his all-CGI facility. The excellence of this resulted in Tippetts sixth nomination in 1997 for an Academy Award

21.
Elephants
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Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Three species are recognised, the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the surviving family of the order Proboscidea, other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths. Male African elephants are the largest extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of 4 m, all elephants have several distinctive features, the most notable of which is a long trunk or proboscis, used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water, and grasping objects. Their incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects, Elephants large ear flaps help to control their body temperature. Their pillar-like legs can carry their great weight, African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs. Elephants are herbivorous and can be found in different habitats including savannahs, forests, deserts and they prefer to stay near water. They are considered to be keystone species due to their impact on their environments, other animals tend to keep their distance from elephants while predators, such as lions, tigers, hyenas, and wild dogs, usually target only young elephants. Females tend to live in groups, which can consist of one female with her calves or several related females with offspring. The groups are led by a known as the matriarch. Elephants have a society in which multiple family groups come together to socialise. Males leave their family groups when they reach puberty and may live alone or with other males, calves are the centre of attention in their family groups and rely on their mothers for as long as three years. Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild and they communicate by touch, sight, smell, and sound, elephants use infrasound, and seismic communication over long distances. Elephant intelligence has been compared with that of primates and cetaceans and they appear to have self-awareness and show empathy for dying or dead individuals of their kind. African elephants are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature while the Asian elephant is classed as endangered, one of the biggest threats to elephant populations is the ivory trade, as the animals are poached for their ivory tusks. Other threats to elephants include habitat destruction and conflicts with local people. Elephants are used as working animals in Asia, in the past, they were used in war, today, they are often controversially put on display in zoos, or exploited for entertainment in circuses. Elephants are highly recognisable and have featured in art, folklore, religion, literature

22.
Ben Burtt
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Benjamin Ben Burtt, Jr. is an American sound designer, film editor, director, screenwriter, and voice actor. He has worked as designer on various films, including the Star Wars and Indiana Jones film series, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, WALL-E. Burtt is also known for voicing the character, Wall-E. He also created the sound of Wall-Es voice, along with all the other characters in WALL-E. The winner of four Academy Awards, he is the director of documentary films. He is also the editor of the Star Wars prequel trilogy, Burtt was born in Jamesville, New York, and graduated with a major in physics from Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania. For his work on the special-effects film Genesis, Burtt won a scholarship to the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California, Burtt pioneered modern sound design, especially in the science-fiction and fantasy-film genres. Before his work in the first Star Wars in 1977, science-fiction films tended to use electronic-sounding effects for futuristic devices, Burtt sought a more natural sound, blending in found sounds to create the effects. He is personally responsible for some of the sounds heard in films, in Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith he provided the voice for Lushros Dofine, captain of the Invisible Hand cruiser. The heavy-breathing of Darth Vader was created by recording his own breathing in an old Dacor scuba regulator, Burtt used the voice of an elderly lady with a very low voice that he had met in a photoshop for the voice of E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial. The womans low voice was the result of heavy smoking. He created the voice of the character and many other robots in Pixars film WALL-E. Additionally, he is responsible for the effects in Indiana Jones. Burtt has a reputation for including a sound effect dubbed the Wilhelm scream in many of the movies hes worked on, one of Burtts more subtle, but highly effective sound effects is the audio black hole. The effect of second or less of silence is to accentuate the resulting explosion in the mind of the listener. In those days they would paint out the sound with ink. Then I thought of the airlock entry sequence in 2001, I guess the seeds were there for me to nourish when it came to the seismic charges. Burtt was among the golden ears that critically reviewed the audio compression systems that were proposed for the ATSC1.0 digital television system

23.
National Public Radio
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NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced and its content is also available on-demand via the web, mobile, and podcasts. The organizations legal name is National Public Radio and its brand is NPR. Is NPR has been used by its hosts for many years. However, National Public Radio remains the name of the group. National Public Radio replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26,1970 and this act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which created the Public Broadcasting Service in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a Board of Directors chaired by Bernard Mayes, the board then hired Donald Quayle to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member stations, and studios in Washington, D. C. NPR aired its first broadcast in April 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War, a month later, the afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered began, on May 3,1971, first hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations, NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly US$7 million. After a congressional investigation and the resignation of NPRs president, Frank Mankiewicz, NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture, making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt, delano Lewis, the president of C&P Telephone, left that position to become NPRs CEO and president in January 1994. In November 1998, NPRs board of directors hired Kevin Klose, NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a West Coast 25, 000-square-foot production facility, NPR West, which opened in Culver City, Los Angeles County, California, in November 2002. C. In November 2003, NPR received US$235 million from the estate of the late Joan B, Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds Corporation. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution, in 2004 NPRs budget increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift. US$34 million of the money was deposited in its endowment, the endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff, the 2005 budget was about US$120 million. In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR, by November of that year, users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times

24.
Star Wars (radio)
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An expanded radio dramatization of the original Star Wars trilogy was produced in 1981,1983, and 1996. The first two series, based on Star Wars and The Empire Strikes Back, were produced. A dramatization of Return of the Jedi was produced by most of the same team, lucas also permitted the use of original sound effects and music from the films. In the 1980s, radio drama was in decline in the USA, an associate dean of the University of California School of the Performing Arts, Richard Toscan, was keen to champion this art form. Toscan was supported by John Houseman, the responsible for Orson Welless 1938 radio production of The War of the Worlds. He began with the dramatisation of short stories by Raymond Carver on KUSC-FM, following this production, Toscan collaborated with Houseman and NPR producer Frank Mankiewicz on a project to revive the fortunes of NPR Playhouse, the umbrella title for drama productions on NPR. At the suggestion of one of Toscans students, Joel Rosenzweig, they developed an idea for adapting the 1977 epic space opera film, Star Wars, for radio. The popularity of Star Wars would certainly attract new, younger listeners, despite Lucasfilms generous offer, NPR was still faced with the costs of writing scripts, hiring actors and renting studio space. With no funding available to cover the $200,000 budget, NPR entered into a deal with the British broadcaster, the BBC. The BBC provided a team, including director John Madden. The American science fiction novelist Brian Daley was brought in to write the script, Star Wars was launched at a special NPR event at the Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles, in which the drama was played under a starry light show. On the basis of success, KUSC went on to produce popular adaptations of the sequel. An adaptation of Return of the Jedi followed over a decade later, the Star Wars radio dramas were authorised adaptations of Lucass scripts, and were originally considered part of the official Star Wars canon. Commentators have argued that, while the radio dramas vary somewhat from the film scripts, in 1994, Lucasfilms continuity editor, Allan Kausch, stated that Gospel, or canon as we refer to it, includes the screenplays, the films, the radio dramas and the novelisations. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm and all the rights to Star Wars,2015 saw the release of another adaptation of A New Hope called The Princess, the Scoundrel, and the Farm Boy. The author, Alexandra Bracken stated that she was reading the Expanded Universe to try to sneak elements in to the canon, Star Wars is a 13-part radio serial originally broadcast on National Public Radio on March 9,1981. It was adapted by Brian Daley from the 1977 film, and directed by John Madden, with music by John Williams, the serial was recorded in 1981 at Westlake Recording Studios in West Hollywood, California. Episode 1, largely based on cut scenes from the original, during the story, Lukes skyhopper is damaged during a desert race, Luke sees the distant star destroyer battle in the sky, and he is reunited with his childhood friend, Biggs Darklighter

25.
Imperial stormtrooper
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A stormtrooper is a fictional soldier in the Star Wars franchise created by George Lucas. In The Force Awakens, the upgraded stormtroopers serve the First Order, under the leadership of Supreme Leader Snoke and his commanders, most notably Kylo Ren, General Hux, the order of battle of the Stormtrooper Corps is unspecified in the Star Wars universe. They are shown in collective groups of varying organizational sizes ranging from squads to legions and for some, their armor and training are modified for special operations and environments. Introduced in Star Wars, the Imperial stormtroopers serve as the army of the Galactic Empire, establishing Imperial authority and putting down any revolts. In the prequel film Star Wars, Episode II – Attack of the Clones, in Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Chancellor Palpatine orders them to slay their Jedi generals in the Great Jedi Purge. As established in Star Wars, The Force Awakens, after Palpatines death the stormtroopers continue to serve under the factions that broke apart from the Empire, with redesigned armor, they eventually serve under the leadership of the First Order. In this film, it is established that an undisclosed number of stormtroopers were conscripted as young children, given serial numbers for names. Stormtrooper FN-2187, later known as Finn, plans his escape when his resistance to this conditioning puts him in line to be reprogrammed, Star Wars Legends expanded universe media such as games and comics feature a number of specialized stormtrooper units. The Marvel-produced comics of the late 1970s and early 1980s featured Shadow Troopers, others, such as the Beach Troopers, are for comical effect. Appearing only briefly in Lego Star Wars II, The Original Trilogy, they are clad in a Speedo, in Lego Star Wars, The Complete Saga, they also wear life jackets. Shadowtroopers appear in Star Wars Jedi Knight II, Jedi Outcast wearing black armour made from a lightsaber-resistant metal called cortosis and this armour has a green synthetic gem set into the breastplate which gives the wearer Force powers. Their armour can also render them invisible, with only a small area of blue discoloration giving them away. They use this ability to lie in wait and ambush the enemy, most often the games protagonist and these troopers also possess the invisible feature and use this tactic to ambush their enemies, but only if stormtrooper officers call out for support. Disloyalty or failures were heavily punished and individualism was discouraged, command structure was sacred and this meant Imperial Stormtroopers lacked improvisation and were highly ineffective when cut off from command, but also allowed the best trained soldiers who prefer death over retreat. First Order Stormtroopers are regularly put through mental indoctrination and propaganda programs, to make sure that they remain fanatically loyal, being taken from their families at birth, these soldiers are not even given individual names for themselves but merely serial numbers, such as FN-2187. Based on conceptual drawings by Ralph McQuarrie, Liz Moore and Nick Pemberton sculpted designs for the helmet, Muir, who was also responsible for sculpting the Darth Vader costume, worked out of the Art Department at Elstree Studios. The suit was molded and initially cast in plaster, with Muir sharpening the detail at the plaster stage, the plaster casts were then remolded and cast in fiberglass to use as the tools for the vacuum forming process. The suits were produced in house by Tashy Baines, the resident vacuum former, as Shepperton Design Studios had already been used to vacuum form the helmets, the fiberglass molds for the armor were then sent to them for vacuum forming the suits

26.
Luke Skywalker
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Luke Skywalker is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the original film trilogy of the Star Wars franchise created by George Lucas. The character, portrayed by Mark Hamill, is an important figure in the Rebel Alliances struggle against the Galactic Empire. The now non-canon Star Wars expanded universe depicts him as a powerful Jedi Master, husband of Mara Jade, in 2015, the character was selected by Empire magazine as the 50th greatest movie character of all time. On their list of the 100 Greatest Fictional Characters, Fandomania. com ranked the character at number 14, Luke Skywalker was initially called Anakin Starkiller, and went through multiple design changes. The character was at one point designed as a 60-year-old grizzled war hero, later as a Jedi Master, the last name Starkiller remained for the first few months of production, Hamill on-camera using the name Luke Starkiller the sole time he referred to himself during filming. Starkiller was dropped due to what Lucas called unpleasant connotations, after Hamill was involved in a car accident, the Wampa attack at the beginning of The Empire Strikes Back was written in to explain his facial injuries. An alternative ending pitched by George Lucas for Return of the Jedi was Luke assuming his fathers role as Darth Vader after the latters death, though Lawrence Kasdan favored the idea, Lucas ultimately declined, since the films were made for children. Another conclusion to the featured the character disappearing into the wilderness akin to Clint Eastwood in the spaghetti westerns. During the filming of the original Star Wars trilogy, George Lucas informed Hamill that he would be needed to reprise the role when he was middle aged, Lucas further explained that his role as Luke would be handing Excalibur to the next generation. Hamill had no reaction at the time, as he thought of making Star Wars films decades in the future as an abstract concept, Hamill learned of the sequel trilogy over the summer of 2012 at a Star Wars celebration during lunch where Lucas told him one was in development. Hamill recalled shaving his beard to portray The Trickster in The Flash, Hamill attended meetings for script readings, and helped conceal Lukes role in the film, instead of dialogue, he read stage directions. Abrams said it allowed him to remain involved and that his reading helped make an experience for everyone. In the prequel film, Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Luke is born to Senator Padmé Amidala along with his twin sister, Luke Skywalker lives on a moisture farm on Tatooine with his Uncle Owen and Aunt Beru. Luke takes his first steps toward his destiny when he buys the droids C-3PO, when R2-D2 goes missing, Luke goes out to find him and encounters Obi-Wan Kenobi, an old hermit. Luke discovers that R2-D2 contains a message for Obi-Wan from Princess Leia Organa of Alderaan beseeching him to help her defeat the Galactic Empire, Obi-Wan says that he and Lukes father were once Jedi Knights, and that his father was murdered by a traitorous Jedi named Darth Vader. Obi-Wan presents Luke with his fathers lightsaber and offers to him to Alderaan and train him in the ways of the Force. Luke changes his mind when he returns home to find that Imperial stormtroopers have killed his aunt, Obi-Wan deactivates the tractor beam and he later sacrifices his life in a duel with Vader so that Luke and his friends can board the Falcon and escape. During the films battle scene, Luke joins the Rebel Alliance in attacking the Death Star

27.
Snowspeeder
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Snowspeeder models and replicas have been merchandised by several companies. During production of The Empire Strikes Back, designer Joe Johnston conceived a ship that combined the body of an X-wing, however, this design was scrapped for the T-47, which featured no elements from previous craft. Johnstons designs for the Snowspeeders have influenced later Star Wars designers, in The Empire Strikes Back, Rogue Group, led by Commander Luke Skywalker, pilots snowspeeders against Imperial AT-AT walkers during the Battle of Hoth. When their blasters prove ineffective the Rebel pilots turn to tripping the walkers with the snowspeeders harpoons, the snowspeeders used on Hoth are modified Incom T-47 airspeeders initially used for civilians, they are modified to survive the hostile environment of the ice planet Hoth. Expanded Universe material states that the Y-wing cockpit and other features were donated to the airspeeders, the two-man craft has an advanced power system and repulsorlift to compensate for additional armaments and armor, affording them a top speed of 1,000 km/h and combat speed of 600 km/h. The playable snowspeeder in Star Wars, Battlefront II is armed with concussion missiles, kenner released a toy snowspeeder in 1980. Kenner re-released an updated version utilizing the same mold in 1995 for their new Power of the Force line, LEGO has also sold snowspeeder models, and Snowspeeder models used in The Empire Strikes Back have been sold online. Hasbros Star Wars Transformers line included a Snowspeeder that transformed into Luke Skywalker, in 2009, Japanese model manufacturer Fine Molds released a 1/48 scale kit of the Snowspeeder

28.
Lightsaber
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A lightsaber is a fictional energy sword featured in the Star Wars universe. A typical lightsaber usually consists of a metal hilt that projects a brightly lit energy blade, the lightsaber is the signature weapon of the Jedi Order and their Sith counterparts, both of whom can use them for close combat, or to deflect blaster bolts. Its distinct appearance was created using rotoscoping for the original films, the lightsaber first appeared in the original 1977 film A New Hope and has since appeared in every Star Wars movie. In 2008, a survey of approximately 2,000 film fans found it to be the most popular weapon in film history, in its most prominent showing, the lightsabers energy blade can cut, burn, and melt through most substances with little resistance. It leaves cauterized wounds in flesh, but can be deflected by another lightsaber blade, the blade has even been used as a tool to weld metal substances. Other times, the lightsaber has been shown to cause bleeding wounds in the flesh, some exotic saber-proof materials have been introduced in the Expanded Universe. An active lightsaber gives off a distinctive hum, which rises in pitch, bringing the blade into contact with another lightsabers blade produces a loud crackle. There are several precedents in science fiction for a sword of pure energy that can cut through anything, notably, Edmond Hamiltons story Kaldar. It was reprinted in one of Donald A, isaac Asimovs Lucky Starr series, The force-blade is a short shaft of stainless steel which can project a force field that can cut through anything, making it the most vicious weapon in the galaxy. Asimovs force-blade expands on his invention of a penknife with a force-field blade. Gordon R. Larry Nivens Ringworld, Louis Wu uses his flashlight laser as a sword of indefinite length, M. John Harrisons The Pastel City, the energy baan are used by the Methven, an order of knights sworn to protect their empire. For the original Star Wars film, the film prop hilts were constructed by John Stears from old press camera flash battery packs, the full sized sword props were designed to appear ignited onscreen, by later creating an in-camera glowing effect in post-production. The blade is a rod which was coated with a Scotchlite retroreflector array. A lamp was positioned to the side of the taking camera, set Decorator Roger Christian found the handles for the Graflex Flash Gun in a photography shop in Great Marlborough Street, in Londons West End. He then added cabinet T-track to the handles, securely attaching them with cyanoacrylate glue, adding a few greebles, Christian managed to hand-make the first prototype of a lightsaber prop for Luke before production began. George Lucas decided he wanted to add a clip to the handle, due to lack of preparation time, Christians prototype and a second spare were used for the shooting in Tunisia, where Star Wars filming began. It was discovered, however, that the effect was greatly dependent on the rods orientation to the camera. Because of this, the glow would be added in post-production through rotoscoping, korean animator Nelson Shin, who was working for an American company at the time, was asked by his manager if he could animate the lightsaber in the live action scenes of a film

29.
Endor (Star Wars)
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Endor is a planet in the Star Wars universe best known for its moon, known as the sanctuary moon, a forested world covered by giant trees. Endor first appears in Return of the Jedi, in which it is the body in orbit the second Death Star is constructed. The moon later appears in the Ewok TV movies Caravan of Courage, An Ewok Adventure and Ewoks, The Battle for Endor, as well as the animated Marvel Comics series and Star Wars, Ewoks. However, another character dismisses this as a myth, saying that most of the Death Stars mass was obliterated in the explosion, and that the Rebels took care of the rest. The Endor film scenes were recorded at Redwood National and State Parks in California, list of Star Wars planets and moons Cavelos, Jeanne. The Science of Star Wars, An Astrophysicists Independent Examination of Space Travel, Aliens, Planets, Endor at the Star Wars Databank Endor on Wookieepedia, a Star Wars wiki Endor Holocaust at Star Wars Technical Commentaries

30.
Darth Vader
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Darth Vader, also known by his birth name Anakin Skywalker, is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. The character was created by George Lucas and has been portrayed by numerous actors and his appearances span the first six Star Wars films, as well as Rogue One, and his character is heavily referenced in Star Wars, The Force Awakens. He is also an important character in the Star Wars expanded universe of television series, video games, novels, literature and comic books. Originally a Jedi prophesied to bring balance to the Force, he falls to the side of the Force and serves the evil Galactic Empire at the right hand of his Sith master. He is also the father of Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia Organa, grandfather of Kylo Ren, Darth Vader has become one of the most iconic villains in popular culture, and has been listed among the greatest villains and fictional characters ever. The American Film Institute listed him as the third greatest movie villain in history on 100 Years. 100 Heroes and Villains, behind Hannibal Lecter and Norman Bates, however, other critics consider him a tragic hero, citing his original motivations for the greater good before his fall to the dark side. After the success of the original Star Wars, series creator George Lucas hired science fiction author Leigh Brackett to write the sequel with him and they held story conferences and, by late November 1977, Lucas had produced a handwritten treatment. The treatment is similar to the film, except that Vader does not reveal he is Lukes father. In the first draft that Brackett would write from this, Lukes father appears as a ghost to instruct Luke, Lucas was disappointed with the script, but Brackett died of cancer before he could discuss it with her. With no writer available, Lucas had to write the next draft himself, in this draft, he made use of a new plot twist, Vader claiming to be Lukes father. According to Lucas, he found this draft enjoyable to write, the new plot element of Lukes parentage had drastic effects on the series. Anakin battled Kenobi on the site of a volcano and was badly wounded, meanwhile, Kenobi hid Luke on Tatooine while the Galactic Republic became the tyrannical Galactic Empire and Vader systematically hunted down and killed the Jedi. This change in character would provide a springboard to the Tragedy of Darth Vader storyline that underlies the prequel trilogy, after deciding to create the prequel trilogy, Lucas indicated the series would be a tragic one depicting Anakins fall to the dark side. He also saw that the prequels could form the beginning of one story that started with Anakins childhood. This was the step towards turning the film series into a saga. For the first prequel, Star Wars, Episode I – The Phantom Menace, Movie trailers focused on Anakin and a one-sheet poster showing him casting Vaders shadow informed otherwise unknowing audiences of the characters eventual fate. The movie ultimately achieved a goal of introducing audiences to Anakin

31.
Captain Rex
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He is a clone trooper of the Grand Army of the Republic, cloned from bounty hunter Jango Fett, and serves the Galactic Republic under the command of Jedi Anakin Skywalker and Ahsoka Tano. Since his introduction in The Clone Wars, he has appeared in the 2014 Star Wars Rebels television series and in comics, novels. Like all clone troopers in The Clone Wars and Rebels, Rex is voiced by Dee Bradley Baker. He is physically distinguished from other clone troopers by his blond hair. He is described as a reliable and exemplary soldier, considered by Anakin to be his first-in-command. Rex is characterized as believing it his duty to not only carry out orders but also to protect the men under his command, initial development for The Clone Wars film chose Alpha-17, featured in Star Wars, Republic, to be the primary clone trooper character. However, Lucas felt this too much alliteration with the existing principle cast. Rex was developed as the personality to which the troopers around him aspired and featured in story arcs exploring his character development. Rex became a favorite among fans, consistently placing in fan polls, initial development for The Clone Wars film chose Alpha-17, featured in the Star Wars, Republic comic, to be the principal clone trooper character. The name Rex was chosen by Lucas, previously, Captain Rex was the error-prone rookie droid pilot RX-24 of Star Tours, who in turn replaced the initial concept of an unpredictable and risk-taking Clone Wars veteran. Voice actor Dee Bradley Baker voices all the clone trooper characters in The Clone Wars, to differentiate the characters, Baker considered the personality traits of every clone, choosing one or two adjectives for each, and recorded each character separately. To aid with the performance, Baker and supervising director Dave Filoni developed a clone triangle that arranged the characters by personality. In April 2011, he hinted that the two stories were possibly connected and remarked, A lot of people say they want to know more about her. He fights as a soldier of the Grand Army of the Republic in numerous campaigns of the Clone Wars against the Separatist battle droid army. As a clone trooper, he was cloned on Kamino from bounty hunter Jango Fett and ages at an accelerated rate, in a season four story arc, the 501st Legion is temporarily led by Jedi General Pong Krell. Despite growing discontent in the ranks and calls for dissent from Fives, however, Rex supports a mission led by Fives that is expressly forbidden by Krell but saves numerous clone trooper lives. After orders causes the 501st Legion and another battalion to attack one another, Rex leads the troopers to arrest Krell. Rex is also involved in a six story arc centering on a conspiracy regarding the clone troopers

32.
Digitigrade
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A digitigrade is an animal that stands or walks on its digits, or toes. Digitigrades include walking birds, cats, dogs, and many other mammals, digitigrades generally move more quickly and quietly than other animals. There are anatomical differences between the limbs of plantigrades, like humans, and both unguligrade and digitigrade limbs. Digitigrade and unguligrade animals have relatively long carpals and tarsals, humans usually walk with the soles of their feet on the ground, in plantigrade locomotion. In contrast, digitigrade animals walk on their distal and intermediate phalanges, digitigrade locomotion is responsible for the distinctive hooked shape of dog legs. Mesonychids Dinosaurs Birds Pigs Hippos Pakicetus Thylacine Cats Hyenas Dogs Elephant Capybara Trucidocynodon Yes, the Shin Bone Is Connected to the Ankle Bone

33.
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story
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It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the first installment of the Star Wars Anthology series, the cast includes Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Riz Ahmed, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Jiang Wen and Forest Whitaker. Rogue One follows a group of rebels on a mission to steal the plans for the Death Star, principal photography on the film began at Elstree Studios near London during early August 2015 and wrapped in February 2016. The film went through extensive reshoots and additional filming in mid-June 2016, the film premiered in Los Angeles on December 10,2016, and was released in the United States on December 16,2016. The film has grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the second highest-grossing film of 2016 and it received two Academy Awards nominations for Best Sound Mixing and Best Visual Effects. Research scientist Galen Erso and his family are in hiding on the planet Lahmu, Imperial weapons developer Orson Krennic arrives to press him into completing the Death Star, a space station-based superweapon capable of destroying planets. Galens wife Lyra is killed in the confrontation while their daughter Jyn escapes and is taken to safety by Rebel extremist Saw Gerrera, fifteen years later, cargo pilot Bodhi Rook defects from the Empire, smuggling a holographic message from Galen to Gerrera on the desert moon Jedha. Cassian is covertly ordered by General Draven, an Alliance military officer, with the aid of blind spiritual warrior Chirrut Îmwe and his mercenary friend Baze Malbus, Jyn makes contact with Gerrera, who has been holding Rook captive. On the Death Star, Krennic orders a low-powered shot from the superlaser to destroy Jedhas capital, Jyn and her group take Rook and flee the planet, but Gerrera remains to die with the city. Grand Moff Tarkin congratulates Krennic before using Rooks defection and security leak as a pretext to take control of the project, Rook leads the group to Galens Imperial research facility on the planet Eadu, where Cassian chooses not to kill Galen. When Krennic orders Galens team killed for causing the security leak, the research team is executed anyway. Jyn makes her presence known moments before Rebel bombers attack the facility, Galen is wounded and dies in his daughters arms, before she escapes with her group on board a stolen Imperial cargo shuttle. Krennic is summoned by Darth Vader, to answer for the attack on Eadu, Krennic seeks his support for an audience with the Emperor, Vader ignores it and orders him instead to ensure no further leaks about the Death Star occur. Jyn proposes a plan to steal the Death Star schematics using the Rebel fleet but fails to get approval from the Alliance Council, frustrated at their inaction, Jyns group is supported by a small squad of Rebel volunteers intent on raiding the databank themselves. The Rebel fleet learns about the raid from intercepted Imperial communications, K-2SO sacrifices himself so Jyn and Cassian can retrieve the data. Îmwe is killed after activating the switch to allow communication with the Rebel fleet. Rook is killed by a grenade after informing the Rebel fleet that it must deactivate the shield surrounding the planet to allow the transmission of the schematics, Malbus dies in battle shortly after. Jyn and Cassian seize the schematics, but they are ambushed by Krennic, Krennic corners Jyn, declaring the Empires victory, but Cassian, who has survived, shoots and wounds Krennic

34.
Chewbacca
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Chewbacca, nicknamed Chewie, is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He is a Wookiee, a tall, hirsute biped and intelligent species from the planet Kashyyyk, Chewbacca is the loyal friend and associate of Han Solo, and serves as co-pilot on Solos spaceship, the Millennium Falcon. The character has appeared on television, in books, comics. To repay this debt, Chewbacca protected Han for the rest of his life, standing at 8 feet tall, Chewbacca is covered with long hair, and wears only a bandolier. His weapon of choice is the Wookiee bowcaster, Chewbacca was named one of the greatest sidekicks in film history by Entertainment Weekly. In Italy the name of Chewbacca was changed to Chewbecca and his nickname is Chewbe, Chewbaccas creation as a gentle, hairy, non-English-speaking co-pilot was inspired by George Lucas seeing his own dog sitting up on the passenger seat of his car. It is said that Chewbaccas name is derived from собака, the Russian word for dog, in all five screen appearances, Chewbacca was played by Peter Mayhew, who was chosen for his height of 73. Five identical costumes were made for Mayhew, in the three films and a holiday special, the suits were made of yak hair and mohair. In Revenge of the Sith, the suit was made of more comfortable materials, only Mayhews blue eyes could be seen in his costume, but fans easily recognize him by his gestures, and his co-workers claimed the ability to tell when a stand-in was taking his place. Chewbaccas voice was created by the films sound designer, Ben Burtt, from recordings of walruses, lions, camels, bears, rabbits, tigers. The individual recordings were mixed at different ratios for Chewbaccas different utterances, one of the most prominent elements in the voice was a black bear named Tarik, from Happy Hollow Zoo in San Jose, California. The original costume was created by Stuart Freeborn and his wife Kay Freeborn, First appearing in Star Wars, Chewbacca and Han Solo accept a charter to take Luke Skywalker, Obi-Wan Kenobi, and droids C-3PO and R2-D2 to the planet Alderaan. When they find the destroyed by the Death Star, the two smugglers are drawn into the Rebel Alliance. As part of a plan to rescue Leia, Luke tries to put handcuffs on Chewbacca to make it look like hes a prisoner. Chewbacca almost attacks Luke believing him to be selling him and Solo out, after rescuing Leia and taking her to the rebel base on Yavin IV, the two smugglers are given reward money in the value of a payload lost by him to which he owes Jabba The Hutt. Somehow, Chewbacca is able to convince Han to put his debt to Jabba aside for the time being and they manage to save Luke from being killed, also allowing him to be the one to destroy the space station. In The Empire Strikes Back, Chewbacca finds a dismantled C-3PO in a pile in Cloud City. He later tries to him, but does a terrible job at it

Star Wars
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Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, th

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A street performer in costume as Darth Vader in Amsterdam. Vader is one of the most iconic characters of the Star Wars franchise.

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The Star Wars logo as seen in all films

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George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars

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John Williams, composer of the musical scores for all six films of the original and prequel trilogies.

Galactic Republic
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The Galactic Republic, often referred to as simply the Republic, is the name of the interplanetary State used in the fictional Star Wars universe prior to the establishment of the Galactic Empire. The form of government, ruled by the Senate, was introduced in the prequel trilogy. By the time of the trilogy, it is referred to as the Old Republic. It

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Emblem of the Galactic Republic

Galactic Empire (Star Wars)
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The Galactic Empire, often referred to simply as the Empire, is a fictional dictatorship featured in the Star Wars franchise. It was first introduced in the 1977 film Star Wars and also appears in its two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi and is the main antagonist faction of the original trilogy. By the time of the trilogy, w

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Augustus in the robes and cloak of his position as Pontifex Maximus

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Emblem of the Galactic Empire

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Reichsfuhrer SS Heinrich Himmler in black SS uniform, visiting a concentration camp. Star Wars and History published by Lucasfilm says that Darth Vader 's relationship with Palpatine is alike Himmler 's relationship with Hitler. Mary Henderson in Star Wars: The Magic of Myth contends that Darth Vader 's all-black uniform and his devout obedience to the Emperor has allusion to Nazi Germany 's SS.

Industrial Light and Magic
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Industrial Light & Magic is an American motion picture visual effects company that was founded in May 1975 by George Lucas. It is a division of the production company, Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded. It is also the original company of the animation studio Pixar. ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then moved to San Rafael in 1978. In 2012, The

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Industrial Light & Magic original logo, designed by Drew Struzan

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Industrial Light & Magic

Stop-motion animation
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Stop motion is an animation technique that physically manipulates an object so that it appears to move on its own. The object is moved in increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a fast sequence. Dolls with movable joints or clay figures are used in stop motion for

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A clay model of a chicken, designed to be used in a stop motion animation.

The Empire Strikes Back
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The Empire Strikes Back is a 1980 American epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner. Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan wrote the screenplay, with George Lucas writing the films story, the film is set three years after Star Wars. The Galactic Empire, under the leadership of the villainous Darth Vader and the Emperor, is in pursuit of Luke S

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Theatrical release poster

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George Lucas, writer/director of the first film, decided to only executive produce this film

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The 1997 theatrical release poster of the new Special Edition version of the film (art by Drew Struzan)

Star Wars expanded universe
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The Star Wars expanded universe is a collective term for all Star Wars fictional material produced by Lucasfilm or officially licensed by it. This restructuring left the Star Wars theatrical films, the Clone Wars animated film, a number of works have subsequently been produced, including the Rebels animated TV series, the 2015 film The Force Awaken

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An overall map of the Star Wars galaxy

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The Star Wars logo, as seen in all films

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A divided and more detailed map of the Star Wars galaxy

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Rebel forces approach the Death Star I during the Battle of Yavin, an event regarded by George Lucas a decisive moment within the fictional history of the Star Wars "Legends" branded Expanded Universe, and is marked as year 0 BBY on Galactic Standard Calendar.

Battle of Hoth
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The Empire Strikes Back is a 1980 American epic space opera film directed by Irvin Kershner. Leigh Brackett and Lawrence Kasdan wrote the screenplay, with George Lucas writing the films story, the film is set three years after Star Wars. The Galactic Empire, under the leadership of the villainous Darth Vader and the Emperor, is in pursuit of Luke S

1.
Theatrical release poster

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George Lucas, writer/director of the first film, decided to only executive produce this film

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The 1997 theatrical release poster of the new Special Edition version of the film (art by Drew Struzan)

Quadrupedalism
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Quadrupedalism or pronograde posture is a form of terrestrial locomotion in animals using four limbs or legs. An animal or machine that moves in a quadrupedal manner is known as a quadruped. The majority of quadrupeds are vertebrate animals, including such as cattle, dogs and cats. Few other animals are quadrupedal, though a few birds like the shoe

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The German Puma is one of the best protected infantry fighting vehicles

Psychological warfare
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The term is used to denote any action which is practiced mainly by psychological methods with the aim of evoking a planned psychological reaction in other people. Various techniques are used, and are aimed at influencing a target audiences value system, belief system, emotions, motives, reasoning, or behavior. It is used to induce confessions or re

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Mosaic of Alexander the Great on his campaign against the Persian Empire.

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Lord Bryce led the commission of 1915 to document German atrocities committed against Belgian civilians.

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A report from a German secret agent about Lenin 's arrival to Petrograd in 1917. This event was actively arranged by the German government in a bid to destabilize Russia.

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An example of a World War II era leaflet meant to be dropped from an American B-17 over a German city. See the file description page for a translation.

Return of the Jedi
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Return of the Jedi is a 1983 American epic space opera film directed by Richard Marquand. The screenplay by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas was from a story by Lucas and it was the third and final installment in the original Star Wars trilogy and the first film to use THX technology. The film is set one year after The Empire Strikes Back and was p

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Theatrical release poster (art by Kazuhiko Sano)

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Sebastian Shaw as the unmasked Darth Vader.

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The heavy forest of Redwood National Park was used to film the forests of Endor in Return of the Jedi.

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The teaser poster titled Revenge of the Jedi by Drew Struzan

Star Wars: The Force Awakens
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Star Wars, The Force Awakens is a 2015 American epic space opera film directed, co-produced, and co-written by J. J. Abrams. The Force Awakens was announced after The Walt Disney Companys acquisition of Lucasfilm in October 2012 and it was produced by Abrams, his longtime collaborator Bryan Burk, and Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy. Abrams and

Joe Johnston
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Joseph Eggleston Joe Johnston II is an American film director and former effects artist best known for such effects-driven movies as Honey, I Shrunk the Kids, Jumanji and Jurassic Park III. These movies include a number of films such as The Rocketeer, The Wolfman. In 1999 Johnston won acclaim for the biographical drama October Sky, Johnston was bor

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Johnston at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International.

Paraceratherium
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Paraceratherium is an extinct genus of hornless rhinoceros, and one of the largest terrestrial mammals that has ever existed. It lived from the early to late Oligocene epoch, its remains have been found across Eurasia between China and the Balkans and it is classified as a member of the hyracodont subfamily Indricotheriinae. Paraceratherium means n

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1911 illustration of the down-turned lower jaw of P. bugtiense, which was the basis for its separation from the genus Aceratherium

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1913 illustration of an astragalus bone, foot bone, and atlas bone, which were part of the basis for Baluchitherium osborni

George Lucas
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George Walton Lucas Jr. is an American filmmaker and entrepreneur. He is best known as the creator of the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises, as well as the founder of Lucasfilm and he was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lucasfilm, before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012. Upon graduating from the University of Southern

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Lucas in 2009

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Director Jim Henson (left) and Lucas (right) working on Labyrinth in 1986.

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Lucas at the Time 100 2006 gala

Container crane
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A container crane is a type of large dockside gantry crane found at container terminals for loading and unloading intermodal containers from container ships. Container cranes consist of a framework that can traverse the length of a quay or yard on a rail track. Instead of a hook, they are equipped with a handling tool called a spreader. The spreade

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Cranes in the Port of Bremerhaven.

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Container cranes at Shanghai Port

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Container cranes at Kochi

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Super-post-Panamax cranes in the Port of Rotterdam. These overhang by 50 m (22 rows of containers).

Port of Oakland
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The Port of Oakland is a major container ship facility located in Oakland, California, in the San Francisco Bay. It was the first major port on the Pacific Coast of the United States to build terminals for container ships and it is now the fifth busiest container port in the United States, behind Long Beach, Los Angeles, Newark, and Savannah. Origi

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Aerial view of the port of Oakland

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Cranes in the Port of Oakland

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California’s Green Trade Corridor Marine Highway project

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A view of the port

San Rafael, California
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San Rafael is a city and the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. The city is located in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, as of the 2010 census the citys population is 57,713. What is now San Rafael was once the site of several Coast Miwok villages, Awani-wi, near downtown San Rafael, Ewu, near Terra Linda,14,1

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Mission San Rafael Arcángel, one of the city's most recognizable landmarks

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The Christopher B. Smith Rafael Film Center, seen in American Graffiti.

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China Camp State Park

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Terra Linda High School

Phil Tippett
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Phil Tippett is an American movie director and a visual effects supervisor and producer, who specializes in creature design and character animation. Tippett was born in Berkeley, California, when he was seven, Tippett saw Ray Harryhausens special effects classic, The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad, and his lifes direction was set. Tippett completed a deg

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Tippett (left) with Dennis Muren at a screening of Jurassic Park 3D in 2013.

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Phil Tippett is here moving a Monoclonius model, in order to obtain a single frame shot for his go motion animated short Prehistoric Beast. Tippett started his own company, the Tippett Studio, with this short in 1984.

Elephants
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Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Three species are recognised, the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the surviving family of the order Proboscidea, other, now extinct, members of t

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Asian elephant

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African forest elephant

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Mounted skeleton of early proboscid Moeritherium in Japan

Ben Burtt
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Benjamin Ben Burtt, Jr. is an American sound designer, film editor, director, screenwriter, and voice actor. He has worked as designer on various films, including the Star Wars and Indiana Jones film series, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, WALL-E. Burtt is also known for voicing the character, Wall-E. He also created th

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Ben Burtt

National Public Radio
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NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced and its content is also available on-demand via the web, mobile, and podcasts. The organizations legal name is National Public Radio and its brand is NPR. Is NPR has been used by its hosts for

Star Wars (radio)
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An expanded radio dramatization of the original Star Wars trilogy was produced in 1981,1983, and 1996. The first two series, based on Star Wars and The Empire Strikes Back, were produced. A dramatization of Return of the Jedi was produced by most of the same team, lucas also permitted the use of original sound effects and music from the films. In t

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NPR Star Wars Radio Series promotional poster

Imperial stormtrooper
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A stormtrooper is a fictional soldier in the Star Wars franchise created by George Lucas. In The Force Awakens, the upgraded stormtroopers serve the First Order, under the leadership of Supreme Leader Snoke and his commanders, most notably Kylo Ren, General Hux, the order of battle of the Stormtrooper Corps is unspecified in the Star Wars universe.

Luke Skywalker
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Luke Skywalker is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the original film trilogy of the Star Wars franchise created by George Lucas. The character, portrayed by Mark Hamill, is an important figure in the Rebel Alliances struggle against the Galactic Empire. The now non-canon Star Wars expanded universe depicts him as a powerful Jedi Ma

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Mark Hamill as Luke Skywalker in Return of the Jedi

Snowspeeder
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Snowspeeder models and replicas have been merchandised by several companies. During production of The Empire Strikes Back, designer Joe Johnston conceived a ship that combined the body of an X-wing, however, this design was scrapped for the T-47, which featured no elements from previous craft. Johnstons designs for the Snowspeeders have influenced

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Snowspeeder

Lightsaber
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A lightsaber is a fictional energy sword featured in the Star Wars universe. A typical lightsaber usually consists of a metal hilt that projects a brightly lit energy blade, the lightsaber is the signature weapon of the Jedi Order and their Sith counterparts, both of whom can use them for close combat, or to deflect blaster bolts. Its distinct appe

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Lightsaber

Endor (Star Wars)
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Endor is a planet in the Star Wars universe best known for its moon, known as the sanctuary moon, a forested world covered by giant trees. Endor first appears in Return of the Jedi, in which it is the body in orbit the second Death Star is constructed. The moon later appears in the Ewok TV movies Caravan of Courage, An Ewok Adventure and Ewoks, The

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The moon of Endor

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Redwood National and State Parks where the forest scenes were shot

Darth Vader
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Darth Vader, also known by his birth name Anakin Skywalker, is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. The character was created by George Lucas and has been portrayed by numerous actors and his appearances span the first six Star Wars films, as well as Rogue One, and his character is heavily referenced in Star Wars, The Force Awakens. He

Captain Rex
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He is a clone trooper of the Grand Army of the Republic, cloned from bounty hunter Jango Fett, and serves the Galactic Republic under the command of Jedi Anakin Skywalker and Ahsoka Tano. Since his introduction in The Clone Wars, he has appeared in the 2014 Star Wars Rebels television series and in comics, novels. Like all clone troopers in The Clo

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Phase I Clone Trooper cosplayer WonderCon 2010

Digitigrade
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A digitigrade is an animal that stands or walks on its digits, or toes. Digitigrades include walking birds, cats, dogs, and many other mammals, digitigrades generally move more quickly and quietly than other animals. There are anatomical differences between the limbs of plantigrades, like humans, and both unguligrade and digitigrade limbs. Digitigr

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Skeleton of a wolf, showing a typical digitigrade arrangement of leg and foot bones

Rogue One: A Star Wars Story
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It was produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the first installment of the Star Wars Anthology series, the cast includes Felicity Jones, Diego Luna, Riz Ahmed, Ben Mendelsohn, Donnie Yen, Mads Mikkelsen, Alan Tudyk, Jiang Wen and Forest Whitaker. Rogue One follows a group of rebels on a mission to steal

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Official film logo

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The cast of Rogue One.

Chewbacca
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Chewbacca, nicknamed Chewie, is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. He is a Wookiee, a tall, hirsute biped and intelligent species from the planet Kashyyyk, Chewbacca is the loyal friend and associate of Han Solo, and serves as co-pilot on Solos spaceship, the Millennium Falcon. The character has appeared on television, in books, comi