Somewhere beneath the waters of the tropical Pacific Ocean, likely around the island of Tonga, a volcano recently erupted. Somewhere beneath the waters of the tropical Pacific Ocean, likely around the island of Tonga, a volcano recently erupted.

July 2019, marked by persistent, historic heat waves, was the warmest month ever observed in 140 years of record-keeping, according to new data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

In the dead of the subzero Antarctic winter, when the oceans at the bottom of the world are frozen over, scientists have observed massive holes the size of South Carolina or larger opening up in the sea ice.