Is there an analog of Euler's Two Squares factoring theorem over polynomial rings $\Bbb Z[x]$ by considering a version for non-negative polynomials?
Euler's two squares factoring states that numbers ...

In How hard is it to compute the number of prime factors of a given integer? a question was asked on computing number of prime factors of an integer.
Suppose we have a polynomial $f(X)\in \Bbb Z[X]$ ...

The setup is as in this question: Let $G$ be a 3-connected cubic graph. If all 2-factors of $G$ are isomorphic (as graphs), i.e. all have the same partition $\pi$ as cycle type, we'll say that $G$ is ...

I’m facing the problem of factoring polynomials of type $f(x)=x^q-(ax^2+bx+c)\in \mathbb{F}_q[x]$ and the degrees of factors seem to be quite special. For example, according to my experimental results ...

This question gained no attention at Math SE.
Call a sequence of $k$ consecutive naturals squary if each one of them is divided by a square > 1. The Chinese Remainder theorem trivially guarantees us ...

Is there any way to tell the number of distinct ways to factor $a\in\mathcal{O}_k$ (up to units, of course) when $k$ is not a PID? A simple investigation in $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-5})$ with integer ring ...

While working on another problem (Solving the quartic equation $r^4 + 4r^3s - 6r^2s^2 - 4rs^3 + s^4 = 1$), I came across a question which seems to be of [semi-] independent interest.
Conjecture. If ...

The question in the title arises from a problem in Stewart's "Galois Theory, Third Edition" (and possibly elsewhere) which has been bugging me for a few days since reading it:
Problem 19.5 (p. 224) ...

Although I am also interested in the number of distinct prime factors (not counting
multiplicity), today I use $\omega(m)$ to denote the number of (positive) prime
factors (with multiplicity) of the ...

I read somewhere that 3SAT can be used to solve Integer Factorization.
If that is true, could someone teach me a simple example of generating the 3SAT by using a small number? Let's say you are given ...

Background:
In the 1700s, Euler solved the Basel Problem, which was to solve $\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{n^2}$ in closed-form. Euler showed that it was equal to $\frac{\pi^2}{6}$ by first expressing ...

A basic principle in complex function theory is that one can split off zeros of holomorphic functions in a similar way as for polynomials: If $f$ is holomorphic near $0$ and $f(0) = 0$, then $f(z) = ...

Let a gaussian circle $C_R$ be any circle defined by the equation:
$$x^2+y^2 = R, (x,y) \in \mathbb{R}^2$$, where $R$ is the norm of a gaussian integer ($R=a^2+b^2, (a,b) \in \mathbb{Z}^2$). IF $R$ ...

I have two questions about the class of integer-coefficient polynomials all of whose roots are rational.
I asked this at MSE, but it attracted little interest (perhaps because it is not interesting!)
...

Denote by $\mathbb{H}[x_1,\dots,x_n]$ the ring of polynomials in $n$ variables with quaternionic coefficients, where the variables commute with each other and with the coefficients. Two polynomials ...

Given 2 positive integers $n, l$ with $ l \leq n$, I am looking for a way to find the largest divisor $d$ of $n$, such as $d \leq l$.
Assume $n$ has too many divisors for an exhaustive search.
Thanks ...

Peter Sarnak believes that integer factorization is in $P$. It is a well-known open problem in TCS to identify the real complexity class of integer factorization. Take a look at this link for Peter ...