DNA and RNA

Monomer

nucleotide = pentose sugar, nucleobase (A,G,C,T,U) and phosphate

DNA

double helix, sugar-phosphate backbone

RNA

Bacterial Chromosome

-Single, circular, double stranded DNA- contains genes that code for cell maintenance and growth- Contains 3000 - 4000 genes- Area where DNA is found is called NUCLEOID- DNA is supercoiled with various proteins (histones only in Archaea and Eucarya)

Spore coat(endospore)

Cortex(endospore)

Extreme Resistance of Endospores

- high temperatures, desiccation, freezing, radiation, and many chemicals of toxins-Endospores 1000s of years old can still germinate- Can quickly return to vegetative state- preventing endospore contamination: moist heat of pressurized steam using an autoclave