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1) When you want to present a popover without having to write code as in example 4.

2) This is not a question

3) You can't simply drop in an image to use as a replacement for the popover's frame. You need to define a custom subclass of UIPopoverBackgroundView, as described in my answer here.

4) Your code has a set location and arrow direction, the segue will infer these for you based on the location in your VC. If you want further customisation, but still to use a segue, you can use prepareForSegue:.