Original Title: Spectrochemical Trace Analysis For Metals And Metalloids

Analytical methods, that combine a chemical sample treatment step with a spectrometric technique, applied to the determination of metals and metalloids at trace and ultratrace levels are discussed in this book. A thorough critical survey of the literature for the period 1985-1994 gives references to source articles always readily available in peer reviewed journals. The book comprises three parts. Part I discusses general aspects of successive steps of an analytical procedure from sampling and sample decomposition, through separation and preconcentration to spectrometric determination. Flow injection analysis, hyphenated techniques and speciation are included. Accuracy in trace analysis, sources of errors and the role of CRMs are also covered. Part II is devoted to practical aspects of sample handling and multielement trace analyses of environmental, geological, clinical, and industrial materials. Each chapter contains several tables summarizing procedures for multielement analysis of real samples and certified reference materials available for method validation. Part III contains 54 alphabetically arranged monographic reviews on spectrochemical trace analysis for individual elements. Each chapter gives basic information on analytico-chemical properties of the element which is followed by an overview of methods for its separation, preconcentration, and instrumental detection. Particular attention is given to practical issues, difficulties and quality assurance during the analysis of real samples. Each chapter contains tables summarizing the key steps of the procedures developed for the trace element determination and the detection characteristics reported.

Original Title: Methods For Environmental Trace Analysis

Provides the basic skills and information required to prepare an environmental sample for analysis. Divided into two sections, i.e. Inorganic Analysis and Organic Analysis, this book covers selected techniques, principally atomic spectroscopy and chromatography. Using flow diagrams to augment the experimental information, it highlights the most appropriate methods and the likely results. Detailed experimental information provided in an easy-to-follow style with illustrations Describes the specific sample preparation approaches necessary to analyse a particular sample type Discussion of selected literature sources highlights the most appropriate methods and the likely results obtained

The trace determination of pesticides continues to be a topic for analytical chemists working in research centres, government and universities. With four chapters devoted to chromatography-mass spectrometry methods, readers are able to understand the analytical basis, technical characteristics and possibilities to evaluate pesticides in food by gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) mass spectrometry. The book also provides a well-defined and critical compilation of the sample treatment and clean-up procedures, as well as injection techniques applied in GC and LC food analysis. Finally the book deals with aspects related to analytical quality control requirements for pesticide residues, in addition to pesticide regulation aspects. * Contains specific chapters devoted to chromatography-mass spectrometry methods * Provides a well-defined and critical compilation of the sample treatment and clean-up procedures * Contains aspects related to analytical quality control requirements for pesticide residues

Original Title: Sample Preparation For Trace Element Analysis

Following the collection of a sample, every analytical chemist will agree that its subsequent preservation and processing are of paramount importance. The availability of high performance analytical instrumentation has not diminished this need for careful selection of appropriate pretreatment methodologies, intelligently designed to synergistically elicit optimum function from these powerful measurement tools. Sample Preparation for Trace Element Analysis is a modern, comprehensive treatise, providing an account of the state-of-the art on the subject matter. The book has been conceived and designed to satisfy the varied needs of the practicing analytical chemist. It is a multi-author work, reflecting the diverse expertise arising from its highly qualified contributors. The first five chapters deal with general issues related to the determination of trace metals in varied matrices, such as sampling, contamination control, reference materials, calibration and detection techniques. The second part of the book deals with extraction and sampling technologies (totaling 15 chapters), providing theoretical and practical hints for the users on how to perform specific extractions. Subsequent chapters overview seven major representative matrices and the sample preparation involved in their characterization. This portion of the book is heavily based on the preceding chapters dealing with extraction technologies. The last ten chapters are dedicated to sample preparation for trace element speciation. - First title to provide comprehensive sample preparation information, dealing specifically with the analysis of samples for trace elements. - The 39 chapters are authored by international leaders of their fields.

Original Title: Electrochemical Sensor Analysis

Electrochemical Sensor Analysis (ECSA) presents the recent advances in electrochemical (bio)sensors and their practical applications in real clinical, environment, food and industry related samples, as well as in the safety and security arena. In a single source, it covers the entire field of electrochemical (bio)sensor designs and characterizations. The 38 chapters are grouped in seven sections: 1) Potentiometric sensors, 2) Voltammetric sensors, 3) Electrochemical gas sensors 4) Enzyme-based sensors 5) Affinity biosensors 6) Thick and thin film biosensors and 7) Novel trends. Written by experts working in the diverse technological and scientific fields related to electrochemical sensors, each section provides an overview of a specific class of electrochemical sensors and their applications. This interdisciplinary text will be useful for researchers and professionals alike. Covers applications and problem solving (sensitivity, interferences) in real sample analysis Details procedures to construct and characterize electrochemical (bio)sensors

Original Title: Analysis And Detection By Capillary Electrophoresis

Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful analytical technique used to separate compounds and is increasingly being used in routine analytical laboratories. Analysis and Detection by Capillary Electrophoresis presents developments enabling the enhancement of the detection sensitivity in CE, including the different strategies used to achieve sensitivity requirements. It describes techniques allowing sample preconcentration and sensitive continuous detection systems and looks at recent developments such as chiral analysis in CE and electrochemical detection in microchips. UV-Vis absorbance detection, as the most widely used detection system in CE, is also presented. Analysis and Detection by Capillary Electrophoresis delves into the practical approaches used in the field and will greatly benefit analytical chemists, as well as students, teachers, technical analysts, scientists and researchers involved in capillary electrophoresis. * An overview of practical approaches employed in capillary electrophoresis, including the fundamentals, instrumentation, and applications of continuous detections systems employed in capillary electrophoresis * Covers aspects of capillary electrophoresis that have never previously been covered * Written by leading experts in the field

Original Title: Analysis Removal Effects And Risk Of Pharmaceuticals In The Water Cycle

Pharmaceutically active substances are a class of new, so-called "emerging" contaminants that have raised great concern in recent years. Human and veterinary drugs are constantly being introduced into the environment, mainly as a result of the manufacturing process. Over time, this level of chemical input may lead to long-term concentrations and promote continual, but unnoticed adverse effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Analysis, Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in the Water Cycle discusses state-of-the-art analytical methods for trace determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples while reviewing the fate and occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the water cycle (elimination in wastewater and drinking water treatment). Focus is given to the newest developments in the treatment technologies, such as membrane bioreactors and advance oxidation processes. * Well-structured overview of latest developments in trace determination * Concise and critical compilation of literature published over the past few years * Focuses on new treatment technologies, such as membrane bioreactors and advance oxidation processes.

Original Title: Modern Instrumental Analysis

Modern Instrumental Analysis covers the fundamentals of instrumentation and provides a thorough review of the applications of this technique in the laboratory. It will serve as an educational tool as well as a first reference book for the practicing instrumental analyst. The text covers five major sections: 1. Overview, Sampling, Evaluation of Physical Properties, and Thermal Analysis 2. Spectroscopic Methods 3. Chromatographic Methods 4. Electrophoretic and Electrochemical Methods 5. Combination Methods, Unique Detectors, and Problem Solving Each section has a group of chapters covering important aspects of the titled subject, and each chapter includes applications that illustrate the use of the methods. The chapters also include an appropriate set of review questions. * Covers the fundamentals of instrumentation as well as key applications * Each chapter includes review questions that reinforce concepts * Serves as a quick reference and comprehensive guidebook for practitioners and students alike

Original Title: Proteomics And Peptidomics

Proteomics and peptidomics is the detailed understanding of the role that proteins and peptides play in health and disease and is a necessary compliment to genetic analysis. The functional expression analysis of both proteins and peptides plays a central role in modern drug discovery as well as drug development, and is also a key research area in systems biology. Proteomics and Peptidomics captures the width as well as the depth within the area and exemplifies the variety as well as the traditional basis of analytical chemistry that is needed in order to move forward in expression analysis studies. As a fast emerging field, it gives and overview of parts within the field combined with highly specialized and dedicated topics that are intended to compliment each other.

Monitoring pollutants in air, soil and water is a routine requirement in the workplace, and in the wider environment. Passive samplers can provide a representative picture of levels of pollutants over a period of time from days to months by measuring the average concentrations to which they have been exposed. Air monitors are widely used, for instance to measure the exposure of workers to volatile compounds, but also for monitoring the fate of pollutants in the atmosphere. Passive sampling devices are now becomining increasingly used to monitor pollutants in rivers, coastal waters and ground water where contamination results from sources such as domestic and industrial discharges, and the use of agrochemicals. Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring provides a timely collection of information on a set of techniques that help monitor the quality of air, surface and ground waters. Passive sampling can provide an inexpensive means of obtaining a representative picture of quality over a period of time, even where levels of pollutants fluctuate due to discontinuous discharges or seasonal application of chemicals such as pesticides. Recent changes in legislation have increased the pressure to obtain better information than that provided by classical infrequent spot sampling. Brought together in one source, this book looks at the performance of a range of devices for the passive sampling of metals, and of non-polar and polar organic chemicals in air and in water. The strengths and weaknesses and the range of applicability of the technology are considered. * Comprehensive review of passive sampling - covering air, water and majority of available technologies in one volume * Chapters written by international specialist experts * Covers theory and applications, providing background information and guidelines for use in the field