Distribution: eastern Atlantic, from Madeira and Portugal to Gulf of Biscay. Elsewhere, in the Atlantic off Senegal, the Gulf of Guinea, the Cape of Good Hope; also, French Guiana and the western Indian Ocean off South Africa and in the western Pacific off Japan and Australia.

Fowler, H. W.1941a. Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. The fishes of the groups Elasmobranchii, Holocephali, Isospondyli and Ostariophysi obtained by the United States Bureau of Fisheries Steamer 'Albatross' in 1907 to 1910, chiefly in the Philippine Islands and adjacent seas. Bull U.S. natn. Mus., 100 (13) :1-879, fig. 1-30.