One way young children solve math problems is to use a counting procedure. To solve 6 + 4, the child first counts to 6, using either their fingers or other counters, and then they count out 4 more to make 10. This procedure requires a lot of effort and is time consuming.

In a somewhat shortened procedure the child starts with a closed fist and refers to the fist as the bigger number (they do not count out the bigger number) and then adds on the smaller number. For example, to solve 6 + 4, the child would start with a closed fist at 6 and count out 4 fingers one at a time (7 – 8 – 9 – 10) to make 10.

An even more efficient way to solve the problem is simply to retrieve the answer from memory, rather than working it out. Younger children rely more on counting procedures. Older children are more apt to use retrieval. It is important to note that children of all ages use a variety of procedures. There is not an orderly, stage-like progression from counting to retrieval. Even young children can use retrieval for some problems (2 + 1). The manner of solving math problems varies.

PARENT TIPS on HELPING Young Children Learn Math

NUMERACY, NUMBER SENSE and PROBLEM SOLVING start with parents teaching numbers. Create a working knowledge of how to count forwards by 1’s to 100.

Parents can do a variety of activities to enhance a numeracy, number sense and problem-solving curriculum.

Use MATH VOCABULARY to communicate mathematical thinking.

Ask your child HOW they solved a problem.

Practice mental mathematics in addition and subtraction.

Mental mathematics enables students to determine answers without paper and pencil. It improves computational fluency by developing efficiency, accuracy and flexibility.

Work on estimation with your child.

Show and talk about what numbers represent, use concrete materials to compare.

Investigate fractions and money amounts; estimate, measure, and describe length, time, and temperature.

Engage your child in mathematical discussions.

Connect mathematical ideas and concepts in to everyday experiences.

Apply problem-solving strategies to real life situations

Encourage your child to reflect on and extend their understanding of mathematics as it occurs in their everyday activities, play, and conversations.