4 Nuclear Physics Structure and properties of Nucleus: •Every atoms consists of a tiny, positively charged nucleus with negatively charge electrons some distance away •Nucleons: Protons and Neutrons •Atomic Number (Z): The total number of protons in the nucleus. The atomic number of an element is its most basic property. •Atomic Mass Number (A): Total number of nucleons in a nucleus. •Chemical Symbol AZX •Example: 3517Cl

5 Example: Give the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons for these environmentally important elements: (a) a fluorine (F) atom of mass number 19 and atomic number 9 (b) a strontium (Sr) atom of mass number 88 and atomic number 38 (c) a mercury (Hg) atom of mass number 201 and atomic number 80.

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8 Isotopes •The different isotopes of a given element have the same atomic number but different mass numbers since they have different numbers of neutrons. •The chemical properties of the different isotopes of an element are identical, but they will often have great differences in nuclear stability.

9 The isotopes of carbon.

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