Syrian rebels are preparing to mount their ‘Zero Hour’ campaign to take
Damascus, with fears the capital is facing total destruction in the coming
months.

As rebels fought government troops on the outskirts of the capital, a Damascus based analyst told the Daily Telegraph that the fighting was likely to defeat the aspirations of both sides.

“There is the risk of the total destruction of Damascus,” said Peter Harling, Project Director with the Middle East Programme of the International Crisis Group. “The regime is well entrenched in some key parts of Damascus and the opposition is unable to come up with a political vision to offer an exit to the bulk of people fighting for the regime.

“We could see a repeat of the level of destruction that we have seen in other towns, but it would be worse this time: what transition do you get when you destroy the seat on power?”

As the rebels advance, the United States said they were “very concerned” that Bashar al-Assad’s regime would resort to using chemical weapons.

“I think there is no question that we remain very concerned, very concerned that as the opposition advances - in particular on Damascus - that the regime might very well consider the use of chemical weapons,” Leon Panetta, the US defence secretary said.

“The intelligence that we have raises serious concerns that this is being considered.”

Unconfirmed reports on Wednesday confirmed that the military had loaded precursor chemicals for sarin nerve gas into aerial bombs for potential use.

In recent weeks, armed groups have won control in much of the north of the country and seized key positions in both the northern populous town of Aleppo and in the capital.

Government forces in Damascus fought to keep rebel groups at bay on Thursday, launching shelling attacks to the northeast and southwest of the capital, official and activist sources said.

Increasingly bullish, this week opposition activists launched a video titled ‘Zero Hour – Your Final Chance’, warning residents in the capital to “change sides” before it is too late.

The video, posted on Facebook, promises an imminent offensive that would seize central Damascus and “check mate” the Syrian president.

It gives instructions on how to react to the attack, and how best to survive: “No one will remain in their house during this hour … we will come out in the millions to all of the criminal Assad’s palaces … The floor will shake under Assad and his supporters’ feet,” narrates a voice backed by rousing music. “We invite all members of the Assad Army to defect in masses from this regime.”

Seeking to further boost their successes, commanders of the Free Syrian Army have gathered in Turkey to settle on a new organisational military structure that is intended to increase co-ordination between groups on the ground and improve weapons supply lines.

In another boost, Britain said that it will seek next week to amend an arms embargo on Syria to make it easier to help the rebels.

A Foreign Office official said the increased “practical support” that Britain envisaged would be training and non-lethal equipment. Items such as body armour and night-vision goggles are currently caught up in a European arms embargo aimed at stemming supplies to Assad forces.

Mr Harling however warned that the failure of the opposition’s political wing – first the Syrian National Council and now the National Coalition, to carry a strong message of forgiveness and conciliation to government loyalists means the plan to overthrow the capital is doomed to a bitter and bloody failure that could see Syria become a failed state.

“You can’t just let the armed groups play this out. As the regime is forced into a fighting retreat we could see new conflicts ignite ... and the political opposition is totally absent.”

Next week Syria’s international allies, including Britain, will meet for a ‘Friends of Syria’ conference in Morocco where they are expected to endorse the National Coalition with full political recognition, as well as substantial funds.

A Western diplomat monitoring the National Coalition as it tries to elect a leader said the group’s objectives have once again become lost to squabbling.

“The SNC knows it has been sidelined and so is trying as much as it can to sabotage the new project. There is a huge split in National Coalition and they won’t stop fighting.”