6 is divisible by 2 and 2 is also divisible by 2 so it is a even number

6q +3

6 is divisible by 2 but 3 is not divisible by 2 so it is a odd number

6q + 4

6 is divisible by 2 and 4 is also divisible by 2 it is a even number

6q + 5

6 is divisible by 2 but 5 is not divisible by 2 so it is a odd number

So odd numbers will in form of 6q + 1, or 6q + 3, or 6q + 5.

3. An army contingent of 616 members is to march behind an army band of 32 members in a parade. The two groups are to march in the same number of columns. What is the maximum number of columns in which they can march?

Answer

HCF (616, 32) will give the maximum number of columns in which they can march.
We can use Euclid’s algorithm to find the HCF.
616 = 32 × 19 + 8
32 = 8 × 4 + 0
The HCF (616, 32) is 8.
Therefore, they can march in 8 columns each.

4. Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the square of any positive integer is either of form 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m.
[Hint: Let x be any positive integer then it is of the form 3q, 3q + 1 or 3q + 2. Now square each of these and show that they can be rewritten in the form 3m or 3m + 1.]

7. There is a circular path around a sports field. Sonia takes 18 minutes to drive one round of the field, while Ravi takes 12 minutes for the same. Suppose they both start at the same point and at the same time, and go in the same direction. After how many minutes will they meet again at the starting point?

Answer

They will be meet again after LCM of both values at the starting point.
18 = 2 × 3 × 3
12 = 2 × 2 × 3
LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36
Therefore, they will meet together at the starting point after 36 minutes.

Page No: 14

Exercise 1.3

1. Prove that √5 is irrational.

Answer

Let take √5 as rational number
If a and b are two co prime number and b is not equal to 0.
We can write √5 = a/b
Multiply by b both side we getb√5 = a
To remove root, Squaring on both sides, we get
5b2 = a2 … (i)

Therefore, 5 divides a2 and according to theorem of rational number, for any prime number p which is divides a2 then it will divide a also.
That means 5 will divide a. So we can writea = 5c
Putting value of a in equation (i) we get
5b2 = (5c)2
5b2 = 25c2
Divide by 25 we get

b2/5 = c2

Similarly, we get that b will divide by 5
and we have already get that a is divide by 5
but a and b are co prime number. so it contradicts.
Hence √5 is not a rational number, it is irrational.

2. Prove that 3 + 2√5 is irrational.

Answer

Let take that 3 + 2√5 is a rational number.
So we can write this number as
3 + 2√5 = a/b
Here a and b are two co prime number and b is not equal to 0
Subtract 3 both sides we get
2√5 = a/b – 3
2√5 = (a-3b)/b
Now divide by 2, we get
√5 = (a-3b)/2b
Here a and b are integer so (a-3b)/2b is a rational number so √5 should be a rational number But √5 is a irrational number so it contradicts.
Hence, 3 + 2√5 is a irrational number.

(i) Let take that 1/√2 is a rational number.
So we can write this number as
1/√2 = a/b
Here a and b are two co prime number and b is not equal to 0
Multiply by √2 both sides we get
1 = (a√2)/b
Now multiply by bb = a√2
divide by a we getb/a = √2
Here a and b are integer so b/a is a rational number so √2 should be a rational number But √2 is a irrational number so it contradicts.
Hence, 1/√2 is a irrational number

(ii) Let take that 7√5 is a rational number.
So we can write this number as
7√5 = a/b
Here a and b are two co prime number and b is not equal to 0
Divide by 7 we get
√5 = a/(7b)
Here a and b are integer so a/7b is a rational number so √5 should be a rational number but √5 is a irrational number so it contradicts.
Hence, 7√5 is a irrational number.

(iii) Let take that 6 + √2 is a rational number.
So we can write this number as
6 + √2 = a/b
Here a and b are two co prime number and b is not equal to 0
Subtract 6 both side we get
√2 = a/b – 6
√2 = (a-6b)/b
Here a and b are integer so (a-6b)/b is a rational number so √2 should be a rational number.

But √2 is a irrational number so it contradicts.
Hence, 6 + √2 is a irrational number.

Page No: 17

Exercise 1.4

1. Without actually performing the long division, state whether the following rational numbers will have a terminating decimal expansion or a non-terminating repeating decimal
expansion:
(i) 13/3125

(v) 29/343
Factorize the denominator we get
343 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 73
There are 7 also in denominator so denominator is not in form of 2m × 5n
Hence it is non-terminating.

(vi) 23/(23 × 52)
Denominator is in form of 2m × 5n
Hence it is terminating.

(vii) 129/(22 × 57 × 75 )
Denominator has 7 in denominator so denominator is not in form of 2m × 5n
Hence it is none terminating.

(viii) 6/15
divide nominator and denominator both by 3 we get 2/5
Denominator is in form of 5m so it is terminating.

(ix) 35/50 divide denominator and nominator both by 5 we get 7/10
Factorize the denominator we get
10=2 × 5
So denominator is in form of 2m × 5n so it is terminating.

(x) 77/210
simplify it by dividing nominator and denominator both by 7 we get 11/30
Factorize the denominator we get
30=2 × 3 × 5
Denominator has 3 also in denominator so denominator is not in form of 2m × 5n

Hence it is none terminating.

Page No: 18

2. Write down the decimal expansions of those rational numbers in Question 1 above which have terminating decimal expansions.

Answer

(i) 13/3125 = 13/55 = 13×25/55×25 = 416/105 = 0.00416

(ii) 17/8 = 17/23 = 17×53/23×53 = 17×53/103 = 2125/103 = 2.125

(iv) 15/1600 = 15/24×102 = 15×54/24×54×102 = 9375/106 = 0.009375

(vi) 23/2352 = 23×53×22/23 52×53×22 = 11500/105 = 0.115

(viii) 6/15 = 2/5 = 2×2/5×2 = 4/10 = 0.4

(ix) 35/50 = 7/10 = 0.7.

3. The following real numbers have decimal expansions as given below. In each case, decide whether they are rational or not. If they are rational, and of the form p , q you say about the prime factors ofq?

(i) 43.123456789

(ii) 0.120120012000120000…

(iii) 43.123456789

Answer

(i) Since this number has a terminating decimal expansion, it is a rational number of the form p/q, and q is of the form 2m × 5n.

(ii) The decimal expansion is neither terminating nor recurring. Therefore, the given number is an irrational number.
(iii) Since the decimal expansion is non-terminating recurring, the given number is a rational number of the form p/q, and q is not of the form 2m × 5n.

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