Nazi minefields or rowed across streams or after rowing themselves to some lonely stretch of beach along the Tyr- rhenian or the Adriatic. The theo- ry is that by morning, being Italians, they will blend nicely with the land- scape. The Allied counter-espionage agents often have advance information about the spies' intentions as well as their physical characteristics. Often, too, an Italian, figuring that he can get more ........:::::(.: ::: out of the Allies than out of the Ger- mans, turns Informer and squeals on his group. The standard alibi offered by the spies who are caught is that they took up the work because they wanted to avoid doing forced labor for the Ger- .. ,,' :::'::"' ""',':',' ,;, mans or to reach their families in south- ..!f;:,:,::: :w;;i.t' ' "lltm::::':4.::::'::' :':" ern Italy, or both. Sometimes they even claim that they are active Partisans and have committed many heroic acts of sabotage. The agents are given meticulously fair trials, but most of them nevertheless get death sentences. They have, how- ever, the right to appeal a verdict to the theatre's military governor, General Alexander, who has commuted a num- ber of death sentences to prison terms. The spies who have had to die have generally been shot in barracks court- yards. "Carabinieri do the job," the Major said. "Better psychology to let the Italians kill their own." In a few instances, Allied officers, acting as defense counsels, have won acquit- tals for their clients. "Sup_ posing the fellow was ac- tually guilty?" I asked. "Supposing the defense lawyer was too good for the prosecutor?" "A cinch. If a man is acquitted, he is interned until the cessa- tion of hostilities," the Ma- \ Tf, f: :t r :l . tim ea :i : :'; ',' '..;,; been questioned by G-2, be- "'<",: ,::",f' fore being tried, he gen- erally knew a little too much about our business. "And of course," he added, "the judges could make a mistake." Getting back to the case I was go- Ing to watch, Hendrickson said that I would see three judges sitting on the bench. Three is the minimum number required for a military tribunal. At least one of the judges, the rules also state, must have a legal education. In this trial, ?-ll three had law degrees. The presiding PLEASANT VALLEY WINE CO., judge was Lieutenant Colonel John ;.ßi'....:: ':..., ," ..,' ,.. :,H E I M. ,.. N., Y. , , Willis, an English barrister attached to " ;,1 '! , ;ele ;: o: i:h:ss ::s . 52 Largest Stock of Fine China and Crystal in New York! i" ..-:::.-: .':j: '::;;:', :' , -.' ''''C,-"o; , ,"" < ;;1i 1 J<b ]" :' ''-:"':<:>i', ,, .... :.;<<o':==:::.:.:.::::;:: ;: $'':: ':.' ....:: .. .;::.:":..": ;......p ,". , . -.:. .:. . : '::::: .. -::::::-::::,-::::::-"01':" ;::;:: ]:;;,: ": :': i,'l\l Þ"";:<::\:A', ,'; ::::.;' ',,' ,;,;,;" ' 'á i' ." ".- ::::: ,::' ,..,; :: :"';;':::f";"';;: ; '::.::/r ,:".':"'.'.:" I. 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' International Ex. . .i :.:' "'. position in 1900 . ';.:,:',:: where Great WesJ- } , , éh::pr:;: C:e ceived the fifth of its six European awards. ,1/1. : :flt:;,..:..: , }' :::" .. ;' . .. .. , ........ .. . ..... : <f; : :> ; J ,: /' ; %$k""" )':i" . ::.,:;:(,'::" SINCE 1860 AMERICAN . CHAMPAGNE I1f'" " .. Major Paul Shriver, a former federal official in Colorado, now head of the Rome Allied Property Control Office, and Major Stephen Young, the Civil Affairs officer in the Lido di Roma dis- trict. "If Young gets you alone," the Major warned me, "he'll tell you that he was the only Democratic congress- man-at-Iarge elected in Ohio in 1940 -a big Republican year." The prose- cutor was Major Henry Glenn, a Fifth Army officer who had been in a New York law firm. The defense was heing handled by Major Robert Woodward, once assistant corporation counsel for the City of Chicago and a member of the Illinois legislature for fourteen " I ,. years. t s none of my business what a fellow charges in the way of fees back home," Hendrickson said, slipping mo- mentarily into shop talk, "but if you ask me, those defendants are saving themselves a lot of lire by having that kind of legal talent free." The court, he continued, would be governed by regulations drawn up by General Alexander. They were based on the Hague Conventions, hatched some forty years ago, when interna- tionallaw was enjoying something of a vogue. The Conventions set forth the fundamental provisions and empow- ered the military governor of an occu- pying force to translate them into practical form. 1Lhe 11ajor read me the definition of a spy from the Conventions: "A per- son can only be consid- ered a spy when, acting clandestinely or on false pretenses, he obtains or endeavors to obtain infor- mation in the zone of operations of a belligerent, with the intention of com- municating it to the hostile party." "You'll probably hear the word 'intention' bandied about in court," 011 he said. "'Intention' is something that can go on only in the individual's head. A nice, discretionary word, and it gives lawyers something to argue about." The Conventions, he contin- ued, declare that espionage, unlike poi- son gas, is perfectly legal. "However, when a spy is apprehended," he said gravely, "he is charged with commit- . . 11 I . "" I " I . d d tlng an 1 ega lty. see, sal, an got up to go. \ \ C f ' " \ 1 ' , , ii' I · '. . ." '- . -- ".-" ........... DECEMDEI\ 2., 19 ++ T WO days later I turned up at the Palace of Justice, a vast, heavily gargoyled building. An Italian police-