Non-Epileptic Seizures in Dogs

Despite the fact that epilepsy is the most common cause of seizures in dogs, they can experience non-epileptic seizures
as well. Many factors can contribute to and cause seizures, and there
are several things to be aware of if your dog is experiencing this
disability. Epilepsy is caused by a chronic neurological disorder, but
brain tumors, head trauma, kidney failure, toxic poisoning, heartworm
disease, calcium deficiencies and low-quality diet can all contribute
to non-epileptic seizures in dogs.

Three Phases of Seizures in Dogs

The difference between seizures caused by epilepsy, and
non-epileptic seizures is only the underlying cause. Seizures in dogs
typically have three phases. Learning to spot the warning signs when
they first become apparent may help you to keep your dog safe during
these fits, and may give signals as to what may be the cause.

Pre-Ictal Phase - This phase may last a few
seconds to a few hours. This is the phase prior to full-blown seizure.
Dogs will become unresponsive and may ignore your commands.
Restlessness and twitching of the limbs may lead to trembling and
uncontrollable whining. The dog may begin to snap and bite at the air,
at its legs or at nearby objects or people.

Ictal Phase - This phase describes the onset of
the actual seizure. Most non-epileptic seizures in dogs last less than
five minutes, however a prolonged seizure is possible. The dog may
experience violent thrashing of the limbs, temporary paralysis, or both
during the course of this phase. The head or neck may be stretched out,
accompanied by gnashing of the teeth or uncontrollable salivation. The
control of bowels and bladder may also be impossible.

Post-Ictal Phase - Once the seizure is over, the
dog's behavior may still be abnormal for up to several hours. Temporary
blindness may occur, as well as confusion and disorientation. Dogs may
still experience excessive salivation accompanied by an intense
increase in hunger or thirst.

Treatment of Non-Epileptic Seizures in Dogs

Seizures that last longer than 5 minutes can be life-threatening to
dogs. As time goes on, if dogs continue to experience recurring
non-epileptic seizures, irreversible brain damage could occur. It's
very important to take measures to prevent this from happening. A
change in diet can make significant improvements. Low-quality foods
riddled with chemicals, coloring agents and dyes can contribute to the
development of chronic seizures. Limit exposure to toxins by feeding
natural foods, securing chemical cleaners and poisons, and reducing the
use of certain metals like lead, mercury or aluminum.

Dogs experiencing seizures should be monitored closely. An
anticonvulsant drug may be prescribed for a period of 1 to 2 weeks. If
no further seizures are experienced, the medication will be slowly
discontinued. Ongoing treatment with these drugs will be determined by
the next onset of seizure. If dogs experience seizures for longer than
5 minutes at a time, or more often than once per month, medication may
need to be administered daily. It's not recommended to discontinue
anticonvulsant drugs suddenly as this could prompt seizure, even in
otherwise healthy dogs.