Readings and Assignment 1: Prepare a response to the questions below.This is to be submitted at the beginning
of class on January 16.

Leiper, Neil 1979 "The framework of tourism:
towards a definition of tourism, tourist, and the tourist industry," Annals
of Tourism Research 6(4)
390-407

What are the three approaches to defining
tourism that Leiper discusses?

What is meant by a “systems approach”?

For clarity, using the IUOTO definition (p.
393), what types of travelers are and are not included in the definition
of “tourists”?[Note the IUOTO has
morphed into the World
Tourism Organization].

Again using the IUOTO definition, why would
“excursionists” include travelers on cruise ships?Is there a perspective which would
suggest that they really are “tourists”?

How is Leiper’s
definition of tourism geographical?Is the study of tourism fundamentally geographical?How so?

Of Leiper’s three
“geographical elements” in which is geography the most important to
understanding tourism?

What is leisure?How to tourism and leisure inter-relate?

Leiper quotes the Australian Treasury
(1977: 1212) thus: “The tourist industry is defined, not in terms of the
production of particular types of goods and services”, but in terms of the
circumstances in which goods and services are consumed.”Are there other “industries” to which
the same statement could be applied?

Getz used the case study of Niagara Falls and Smith uses Pattaya, Thailand to explore the
evolution of tourist destinations.What parallels can be drawn between the two destinations?How does the use of a model aid in the
comparison?

How close does the case study
described in Smith (1992) correspond to the models introduced by Plog and Butler?

As Lett
(1983) suggests, the terms “ludic”, “limnoid” and “communitas”
are derived from the literature on anthropology.Define these terms and list their
characteristics.

To what extent can tourism be
seen as a pilgrimage?

What are the expectations of the
two groups of travelers described in Riley (1988) and Lett
(1983)?Referring to the ideas of “ludic”, “limnoid” and “communitas”, how similar are these expectations?Is all tourism characterized by these
qualities?

How do these expectations mesh
with Maslow’s (1954) hierarchy of needs?

To what extent is tourism
“ritual”?To what extent is it
“ritual reversal”?Other than those
mentioned in the papers can you identify destinations characterized by
their “ritual” and “ritual reversal” character?

What sorts of impacts would the
behaviour of the travelers in Riley (1988) and Lett (1983) have on the host community?

Var, T.
and J. Quayson 1985 “The multiplier impact of tourism
in the Okanagan” Annals of Tourism
Research 12, 497-514 [don’t worry about the technical description on the
bottom 1/3 of p. 502 and most of p. 503]

Kline, J.D.
2001Tourism and Natural Resource Management: A General Overview of Research
and Issues General Technical Report PNW-GTR-506 (Portland,
OR: United StatesForest Service, Pacific
Northwest Research Station)