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Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1.

Which
of the following was the first expedition to use scientific measuring devices to study the
ocean?

a.

SEASAT
expedition

c.

Poseidon
expedition

b.

Meteor expedition

d.

Challenger expedition

2.

Which
of the following correctly describes the order of the steps involved in the formation of sea
ice?

a.

ice crystals,
pancake ice, slush, pack ice

b.

slush, ice crystals, pancake ice, pack
ice

c.

ice crystals,
slush, pack ice, pancake ice

d.

ice crystals, slush, pancake ice, pack
ice

3.

After
volcanism created Earth's atmosphere, what happened next to lead to the formation of
oceans?

a.

Earths
crust cooled.

b.

Ice caps melted.

c.

Meteorite
strikes stopped.

d.

Carbon dioxide and other gases formed in the
crust.

4.

Which
of the following is NOT true of global sea level?

a.

Global sea level can rise in response to the melting of
glaciers.

b.

Tectonic forces cannot affect global sea
level.

c.

Average global sea level is rising today by 1 to 2 mm per
year.

d.

During an ice age, global sea levels
drop.

5.

Which
of the following affects the density of seawater?

a.

salinity

c.

hydrogen bonds

b.

melting
point

d.

breakers

6.

Which
of the following is NOT an Atlantic deep-water mass?

a.

Antarctic Bottom
Water

c.

Atlantic Bottom
Water

b.

Antarctic Intermediate Water

d.

North Atlantic Deep Water

7.

What
is the average surface temperature of the ocean?

a.

-2°C

c.

30°C

b.

2°C

d.

15°C

8.

How
does the formation of sea ice raise the density of nearby water?

a.

The water is
chilled under the forming ice.

b.

Salt ions are concentrated in the water under the
ice.

c.

Salty water
migrates toward the forming ice.

d.

The growing ice sheet puts downward pressure on the
water.

Matching

Match each item with the correct description below.

a.

wave
height

f.

density
currents

b.

tidal range

g.

gyres

c.

gravitation

h.

upwelling

d.

breakers

i.

wavelength

e.

neap
tide

9.

Vertical movement of nutrient-rich ocean water

10.

Determines the speed with which waves move through deep water

11.

The
difference between the levels of high and low tide

12.

Collapsing waves

13.

Basic
cause of tides

Short Answer

14.

How
have scientists been able to infer the age of oceans by examining lava flows?

15.

What
is the thermocline?

16.

Explain the main cause of ocean layering.

17.

Which
force would cause an object floating in the middle of the ocean to move forward: ocean waves, surface
currents, or density currents? Explain your answer.

18.

In
the diagram below, why are the three water masses distributed as shown?

Use the diagram below to answer the following
questions.

19.

At
what location is the salinity of the water most likely the lowest? Why?

20.

At
what location would the density of the water most likely be the highest? Why?

Describe the
concept or process that is shown in each diagram.

21.

Cause of
Tides

22.

Sources of
Sea Salt

Use the
diagram of Earths gyres to answer the following questions.

23.

What would
be the likely effect on the currents near Japan and Korea if the prevailing midlatitude winds blew
from east to west instead of west to east?

Problem

Your Earth
science class is conducting an experiment to determine the salt concentrations in an estuary, a place
where a freshwater river flows into the salty seawater of an ocean. You have been told that in the
inland portion of an estuary, the less-dense river water overrides the denser seawater.

You have collected seven samples of water from different locations in
the estuary. You have also collected a sample of pure river water and a sample of pure seawater. You
make concentrated samples by boiling each estuary sample until it is reduced to 250 mL. Then you fill
seven test tubes halfway with each concentrated sample. Next, you make reference samples in seven
more test tubes. The table shows the contents of each reference test tube.

Study the illustration and table and answer the questions that
follow.

Test Tube

Percentage of River Water

Percentage of Seawater

1

100

0

2

80

20

3

60

40

4

50

50

5

40

60

6

20

80

24.

Knowing that
river water is usually brownish in color and seawater is clear, how could you use the river
water/seawater samples to determine the composition of the estuary water samples?

25.

Would the
method described in question 1 provide a precise measurement of the ratio of river water to seawater
in the estuary samples? Why or why not?

26.

What
property of seawater might you use to determine the actual ratio of river water to seawater in the
estuary samples? Explain your answer.

27.

Would you
expect the concentration of salt to be the same or different in each estuary sample? Explain your
answer.