The gadolinium-enhanced MRI angiography demonstrated the patient's unique anatomy, which included the inferior vena cava (IVC) being left of the aorta; additionally, the patient had two renal veins and there were a number of extrarenal arteries travelling both anterior and posterior to the IVC (Fig.

Regarding the latter, a renal-limited form of AAV, typically associated with MPO ANCA and characterized by the absence of general symptoms and extrarenal vasculitis is usually considered part of the MPA spectrum, as its histopathologic features are indistinguishable from those found in systemic widespread MPA12.

Although ultrasound can be used for initial assessment of patient with complicated UTI and suspected pyelonephritis, and can raise suspicion or diagnose XGP, a preferred radiologic modality is CT abdomen and pelvis with contrast as it provides highly specific imaging findings and accurate assessment of the renal involvement along with extrarenal extent of disease.

The phenomenon of worsening of blood pressure from compression of the renal parenchyma by either a subcapsular collection or extrarenal collection causing renal hypoperfusion/ischemia and triggering of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is known as Page Kidney.

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