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BY AUTHORITY.
jr. .
& Mr. J. K. Burkott hat been ap
pointed by the Roaul of Fducation,
, School Agent for thp district of Kolon
and Lihue, Island of Kuuni, in place
of the Rev. J. W. Smith, deceased.
-V. JAS. SMITH, Secretary.
Educatidn Office, Jan. 3S3. 30 3t
$j$ "Ir. Chas. KoclHu has been up-
'' Vininl oil r ia Tl.t t tt T?inni intt
School Agent for the district of Ha.
nnlei, Island of Kauai, in place of
Rev. J. W. Smith, deceased.
W. JAS. SMITH, Secretary.
Education Office, Jan. H, '88. 30 3t
T X.l JC
m. gjaiTit guTTitfin
Pledgod to neither Boot noi3 Party
Bat established lor the bcnt5t olCall.
WEDNESDAY, JAN. 4, 1888.
CONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE SU
PREME COURT ACT, 1887.
It is to be regretted that the ar
guments of counsel yesterday, be
fore the Supreme Court in banco,
touching the constitutionality of the
Act approved November 2Gth, 1887,
purporting to reduce the number of
Supreme Court judges to three,
have not been leported in full. The
point at issue was one of the most
important that could well have
arisen, because the Attorney-General,
in his opening statement,
while disclaiming that the Act was
a Government measure, admitted
that its policy and intent was to in
troduce changes in the constitution
of the Supreme Court, its organiza
tion a that time not being consi
dered satisfactory to a number of
members of the bar. In other
words, the Bill had been introduced
and promoted by certain members
of the bar to legislate the Third As
sociate Justice off the bench, and
not for the sake of any contemplated
judicial reforms.
If this fact had been honestly
avowed while the Bill was under
discussion, public opinion might
have been heard upon its policy,
but the truth was carefully sup
pressed, and nothing might ever
have been known about it, except
to those in the secret, if it had not
been for the Attorney-General's
open and candid admission. If it
were not a ministerial measure, it
$i certainly ought to have been one,
because no more serious question
could be submitted to any Legisla
ture than one affecting the constitu
tion and status of the Court of last
resort. As a matter of fact, a very
bad effect has already been created
at home and abroad among
capitalists and the investing classes
generally, by the indiscreet tamper
ing with the judiciary at the extra
session, apparently for political and
.personal ends and not for reasons of
public necessity or security.
The arguments on the whole were
able although somewhat technical.
The Attorney-General took the
ground that the Chief Justice and
first and second associate justices
hold ofllce under the Constitution
.while the third associate justice, to
whose presence on the bench excep
tion had been taken, had only a sta
tutory appointment and could there
fore bo removed by legislative enact
ment. The action of the United
States Congress in 1802, in reducing
the judicial districts of the Federal
Union from sixteen to seven, was
relied upon to show the superior
power of a Legislature. Although
Judge Story and other commenta
tors condemned this proceduro as
unconstitutional, the fact remained
that no appeal against it was taken
by the displaced judges. An ex
planation of this may probably be
found in the unsettled condition of
affairs in revolutionary times and
the bitterly hostile feelings then
prevailing, as well as in the charao-
uter of the Administration of that
.day which rendered opposition to its
. .measures extremely dangerous.
i It wa8 argued by Messrs. Uosa
and Hatch that there was no differ
ence in the status of the judges.
The law of 188G, which added two
associato justices to the Supreme
bench, was constitutional. Com
missions in the usual form had been
issued under that law, and tho jus.
ticcs holding those commissions
could only be removed by impcach-
ment. They held under tho Con-
',BtituUon during good behavior, and
couid not ho legislated out of ofilce.
(IMumerous cases in point wore cited
'by counsel. Mr. JlatcU further con
tended that tho Act of November
26th, 1887, did not limit tho num
ber of judges of the Supremo Court.
If the law of 188G, were repealed
by it the constitutional provision re
mained, that the Supreme Court
should consist of not less than a
Chief Justice and two associato jus
tices; it would be, howover, quite
constitutional to appoint more than
two associate judges.
There were other points made iu
argumeut on both sides, none of
whloh need special mention, except
perhaps one by the Attorney-General,
which recognized tho prin
ciple that where a vested right
had been created under statute,
in the nnturc of a contract
between the State and an individual,
that right could not bo cancelled by
subsequent legislation. This prin
ciple goes much further than tho
Attorney-General appeared to con
cede in his argument, and applies to
more than one bill passed in tho
extra session, notably the Govern
or's and pension repealing acts. It
is not our purpose, however, to
argue this point.
The unanimous decision of the
Supreme Bench, consisting of the
Chief Justice and the First and
Second Associate Justices, rendered
to-day, to the effect that the Act of
November 20th, 1887, is unconstitu
tional and thereforeforc absolutely
null and void, restores the su
premacy of law over faction.
The process of reasoning iu the
decision of the Court as delivered by
the Chief Justice, and in the con
curring opinions of Justices Mc
Cully and Picston, was irresistible
in its logical precision. The cita
tion of cases showed that there was
nothing to be said on the other side,
as indeed Judge McCully declared
to bo tho case. And the risk which
property interests of the country
ran in having the status of the Su
premo Court Judges tampered with
by the Legislature, was very point
edly put by the same learned judge.
The Supreme Court is now con
stituted of live Judges, Justices
Bickerton and Dole having taken
their seats on the bench after the
reading of tho decision in question.
The Court is to be congratulated
upon its personnel, and the country
that it has been saved from the mis
chief that must result from any un
certainty regarding the tenure of
ofllce of Supreme Court Judges or
the absolute independence of tho
Court itself.
SUPREME COURT OF THE
WAIIAN ISLANDS.
HA-
JAKUAUV TI'.ItM, 1888.
The King vs. Testa. Judd, C. J.,
McCully, Preston, J. J.
The question before us was re
served by Mr. Justice Bickerton as
follows :
"On the 3rd day of January inst.
an indictment was presented by the
Attorney-General against the de
fendant and Was duly found a true
bill by the Chief Justice.
"Subsequently on the same morn
ing I took my, seat on the Bench and
called upon the Attorney-General to
present the indictment and take the
defendant's plea.
' 'The Attorney-G eneral then staled
that under the circumstances he
must decline to present the indict
ment on the ground' that by virtue
of the Act of the Legislature passed
at its special session, and approved
Nov. 20, 1887 entitled 'An Act to
repeal an Act entitled an Act relat
ing to the Justices of the Supreme
Court, approved October 15th, A.D.
188G, anil to re-enact the laws there
by repealed,' my commission had
expired and consequently that I had
no jurisdiction to take the defend
ant's plea.
"Mr. Rosa, on behalf of the de
fendant, contended that the said Act
was unconstitutional and void, and
I theieupon under the powers con
ferred upon me by Section 83 1 of
the Civil Code and of all other
powers enabling me, do hereby re
serve the question raised, that is to
say:
"Is the said Act of November 2G,
1887, constitutional or not? for the
considcrationof the Court in Banco."
KlCIIAIlU F. BlCKI'.HTON,
Justice of the Supreme Court.
January 3, 1888.
Mr. Justice Bickerton was ap
pointed and commissioned as Third
Associato Justice of tho Supremo
Court on the 28th December, 188G.
The Act of 20th November, 1887
repeals iu terms the Act of 1880, in
pursuance of which Justice Bicker
ton was appointed, and re-enacts
certain statutes which by that Act
were repealed tho intention of the
Act of 1887 being to repeal tho
existing provisions of law that tho
Supremo Court shall consist of a
Chief Justice and four Assooiato
Justices, and to provide that it shall
consist of a Chief Justice and two
Associates.
The Constitution, Article G5, pro
vides that tho Supi erne Court shall
consist of a Chiot Justice and not
less than two Associate Justices. It
is within tho power of the Legisla
ture to increase tho number of As
sociato Justices by statute.
It is likewise within its power by
statute to reduce again the number
to not less than two Associate Jus
tices, unless some appointment made
under tho statute authorizing tho
appointment of more than two Asso
ciates shall liavo prevented this.
We presume it would bo competent
for tho Legislature in a contingency
of there being but a Chief Justice
and two Associate Justices in com
mission, to enact that no further ap
pointments should bo made and that
they should constitute the Supremo
Court. The fact that there was a
Third Associate Justice in commis
sion Mr. Justice Bickerton, when
tho Act of 1887 was passed, raises
tho question whether this Aot,which
purports to destroy Ins olllcc, is
constitutional.
Before this Act went into effect a
Fourth Associate Justice, Mr. S. B.
Dole, was appointed.
The Articles of the Constitution
relating to the Supreme Couit are
from G4 to 72 inclusive. Article 05
of the Constitution prescribes that
the Justices shall hold their offices
during good behavior, subject to
removal upon impeachment and
by tho Legislature, for cause,
as fully set forth in tho said
Article. This Article defines the
tenure of ollice of a Justice of the
Supreme Couit. It is not limited
to those who happen to bo in olllcc
when the Constitution was promul
gated. Tho fundamental law creates
the tenure, and prescribes that who
ever shall lie appointed to this olllcc
thereafter shall hold during good be
havior. To claim that the Chief Justice
and -two of tho Associate Justices
shall hold olllcc by this tenure, and
that additional Justices hold subject
to the will of the Legislatuie, would
be in effect to admit that they were
not Justices of the Supreme Court.
The olllcc of a Justice of tho Su
preme Couit is created by .the Con
stitution, which vests the Judicial
Power of the Kingdom in this one
Supremo Couit. The Constitution
has placed this Court beyond the
control of the Legislature, but adds
that this Judicial Power is also
vested in inferior courts over which
the Legislature lias power for it
can create them and preset ibc the
tenure of olllcc of the judges of
these courts. By the GGth Article
the Judicial Power can be distri
buted by the Legislature among the
Supreme Court and the inferior
courts, but this docs not create
the ollice of a Justice of the Su
preme Court, or define the tenure
by which it is to be held, nor does
any article of the Constitution grant
such power to the Legislature.
A Justice of the Supreme Court
when appointed, holds his office in
accordance with Article G5 of th'c
Constitution, that is, during good
behavior. A statute, which iu terms
or by implication, prescribes' any
other tenure of office would lie con
trary to the Constitution. Suppose,
for example, the Act of 1880 had
read that the additional Justices
should hold ofllce only so long as
the Act remained unrepealed. It
would be apparent that this would
make the tenure of their ollice at the
will of the Legislature, whereas, the
Constitution says, they shall hold
olllcc during good behavior.
But a statute of this nature would
be in effect what is claimed for the
Act of 1887, under consideration, for
it undertakes by repealing the law
which authorizes his appointment
to remove a Justice of the Supremo.
Couit. This cannot be done, for it
is not one of the methods of re
moval prescribed by the Constitu
tion. It is claimed that one Legislature
cannot bind a succeeding one, and
that since the Legislature of 188G
enacted the law providing for two
additional Justices, the Legislature
of 1887 can repeal this law.
On this question Chief Justice
Marshal, of the Supreme Court of
the United States says : The princi
ple asserted is that one Legislature
is competent to repeal any Act
which a former Legislature was com
petent to pass, and that one Legis
lature cannot abridge the powers of
a succeeding legislature. Tho cor
rectness of this piinciple, so far as
respects general legislation, can
never be controved. But if an Act
be done under a law, a succeeding
legislature cannot undo it. The past
cannot be recalled by the most abso
lute power. When, then "a
law is in its nature a ooutracl.when
absolute rights have vested under
that contract, a repeal of the law
cannot divest these rights."
Fletcher y. Peck G Craneh 87-M8.
But without deciding whether the
acceptance of an olllcc with a de
finite term amounts to a contract, it
is sufficient to say that the oiganic
law of this Kingdom docs not confer
upon tiie Legislature the power to
legislate upon the tenure of ollice of a
Judge of the Supreme Court. Ii is
not a subject within its jurisdiction,
and tho Legislature is not competent
to pass any law abridging it. The
exercise of such a power would be
ultra vires.
At this late day no one can se
riously question tho wisdom of thus
placing the Superior Judiciary in a
position of complete independence
of llic Executive or Legislative
branches of tip Government.
"Tho IndependoncG pf t-ho judic
ial department of the Government is
at once tho anchor of our stability,
the prop of our strength, and the
bhield of our defence."
The State v. Jumcl 80 La.
Jn TJic People ex rcl. Ballon v.
Dubois, (ho Supremo Court of Illi
nois hold that as thp olfipe of Cir
cuit Judge is created by the Consti
tution, which also fixes tho term,
though tho Legislature may increase
the number of circuits it cannot de
prive a Judge of his oillco and com
pejisation by ci eating pew Circuits
of tho territory from which lie was
elected, Onco elected, he holds his
oillco under the Constitution, unless
removed by address or impeach
ment. 23 ill. 498.
Tho same Couit in The People ex
rcl. Ballon vs. Bangs, 24 111. 184,
reiterated this principto and said of a
Circuit Judgo whoso appointment
was under tho Constitution: "But
there is a Judge still remaining in
office, Upon whom the burden of
performing circuit duties in the twenty-third
circuit still devolves, and
whom tho Legislature have not, and
could not, deprive of hisplUco by the
passage of any law.' ' -
Judge Story in Martin .Vs. Hub-.,
ter's Lessee (1 Whenton 804), in
commenting upon Section 1, Article
3 of tho Constitution of the United
States, which leads as does the IIo
waiian Constitution, "The Judges
shall hold their offices during good
behavior and shall at stated times
receive for their services a compen
sation which shall not be diminished
during their continuance in olllcc,"
says, "Could Congress create or
limit nny other tenure of the judi
cial olllcc? Could they refuse to
pay, at stated times, the stipulated
Baiary, or diminish it during their
continuance in olllcc? But one
answer can be given to these ques
tions; it must bo in tho negative."
In People vs. Burbank, 12 CuM
foruia 378, the Supreme Court of
that Stale say that "If the people
declaic aud ordain in their Constitu
tion that an office shall be held by a
particular tenure, it would be as
much a usurpation in the Legisla
ture to alter that tenure as it would
be in the Governor to commission
for a longer period than directed by
tho Legislature."
In an opinion rendered hy the
Justices of the Supreme Court of
Massachusetts to the Governor in
B. dishing 58."), they say, "If
therefore the Legislature should,
though inadvertence, constitute a
judicial ollice, and' prescribe any
other tenure than that prescribed
by the Constitution, such provision
in the statute must yield to the
paramount authority of the Consti
tution." In the Slate vs. Jumcl, 30 Loui
siana, An, Part 11, 801, it was
held "When a Judgo has acquired
his office in the mode prescribed by
the Constitution, he has a vested
right in its emoluments during the
term fixed by the Constitution for
its duration, aud his right cannot be
impaired by an act of the Legisla
tuie, passed during said term,
abolishing the olljce."
But it may be contended tiat
though the Act of 1887 under con
sideration is inoperative to remove
Mr. Bickerton from his olllcc as a
Justice of the Supiemc Court, it has
shot n him of his functions as a
Judge and his judicial power is
gone. But power, judicial author
ity and jurisdiction constitute the
ollice of a Judge, and arc of the es
sence of it and inseparable fiom it,
and the oflicc cannot remain and the
functions be severed from it. If a
Judge at all he has all the poweis of
a Judge.
Commonwealth vs. Gamble G2
Pa. 313, reported in American Re
ports 423, is a stiong authority on
this point. Here the Legislature
established the 29th judicial District
by Act of 28 Feb., 18G8, under
which Judge Gamble was elected
and commissioned President Judge
of the district. By an Act passed
March 10, 1809, the former Act was
repealed and the district abolished ;
Ileld that the Act of 18G9 was in
valid, as being an attempt, substan
tially to abolish the ollice of
the President Judge of the 29th
district. Says the Courtt the
term of the' judicial ollice is
fixed by tfoe Constitution and it is
beyond tho power of the Legislature
to diminish it. The power, author
ity and jurisdiction of an office are
inseparable from it. I lie Legisla
ture may diminish the aggiegate
amount of duties of u Judge by a
division of his district, or otherwise,
but must leave his authority and
jurisdiction pertaining to the office
intact."
The ofllce of a Justice of the Su
preme Court is created by tho Con
stitution as is also its tenure and its
amenability, and this excludes all
other modes, and it must follow
that any legislation which, infringes
upon inesc is unconsiHuiiuiiui aim
invalid, and wo thereforo hold that
tho Act in question is unconstitu
tional and void, and Mr. Justice
Bickerton had that jurisdiction to
take the plea of tho defendant.
A. F. Join),
Chief Justice Supremo Court,
Attorney General Ashford for the
crown ; Rosa and Hatch for the de
fendant. Honolulu, Jan. 4, 1888.
McCully, Justick.
In stating my concurrence with
tho opjnion of tlie Court as delivered
by the Chief Justico, it is not neces
sary to go over tho wliolo ground as
it lias been discussed, or to re-state
the authorities quoted, or quote fur
ther authorities iu support of the re
sult' wo have arrived at. This iB not
a case in which there is any conflict
of authorities.
The Act of J88G required tlmt tg
constitute tho Supreme Court thpro
should be a Chief Justico and four
Associato Jiibtices. Ait. 05 of tho
Constitution iu prescribing that the
Supremo Couit shall consist of a
Chief .Justico and not Jess than tiro
Asspcjatp Justices plainly provides
for the creation pf moro than two
Associate Justices by statute, I$ljt
when a statute is enacted requiring
moro than two Associato Justices
and such additional JubUccs have
boon commissioned llioybccoino Jus
tices of "the Supreme Com I. How
then can it bo considered that tho
Constitution does not apply to tliom ?
By Art. G5 Justices hold their offices
during good behavior, subject to re
moval by impeachment or upon reso
lution of two-thirds of the Legisla
ture for good causo shown, after a
trial before the Legislature. These
terms exclude d power of removal
by any other method.
The Constitution controls the Leg
islative power, and when this has
limited and prescribed the methods
by which a Justico of tho Supreme
.CQirrt'inay be removed from. -ofllce,
His no'twitliin tlie 'povfer'&'niib'Leg:'
islaturc to remove him by another
method. But the Act of 1887 direct
ly removes from oillco nny third or
fourth Associate Justice holding a
commission on tho 31st day of De
cember. It therefore conflicts with
the Constitution. The Act of 1887
was within the Legislative power to
enact provided there had been no
existing appointments under the Act
of 1880. The Constitution' requiring
but threo Justices of the Supremo
Court, no more nocd be required by
tho statutes! which carry out the
i equipments of tltc Constitution.
When the statutes enact that there
shall be more than three, it is neces
sary for tho legal constitution of the
Court that the required number shall
bo commissioned. It is not essential
that the whole number shall sit in
every case or in any case. The de
cisions of a majority of the justices
arc final and conclusive, Art. 09.
Bv.Art. 10 no person shall sit as
a judge iu any case in which ho or
his relative may have any pecuniary
interest. Sickness or temporary ab
sence from the kingdom, niay4ikc
wise prevent tho silting of al.the
justices. If a majority sit and a
majority agree in the decision of the
case, there is a valid decision of a
legal com t. Yet the court requires
for its legal status the whole number
of justices to be in commission.
Being in commission tho doctrine of
vested rights applies. Absolute
rights have vested in the holder of
the appointment for life or good be
havior, subject to removal only by
prescribed methods, for impeachable
cause or for other cause which a two
thirds of the Legislature shall find
sufficient and the king satisfactory
Art. 05.
Insanity or physical disability to
perform duty may be instanced as
grounds for the latter procedure.
It is not conceivable that the ollice
can be abolished without a violation
of tlie vested rights of the Justice so
ousted.
The supposable continuance of his
salary does not satisfy his rights.
lie has a right to the powers aim
honor of the ollice for tlie term for
which he was elected or appointed.
AVc arc' brought by every course
of reasoning to the jSame result,
namely that the appointments under
tlie Act of 1880 are" brought under
the provisions of the Constitution
that they cannot bo distinguished
from the appointments which tlie
Constitution prescribes shall as a
minimum be made. ,
A conclusion to the con.tr.iry would
be in conflict with all the authorities
and unsupported by valid reasoning.
PnisTON, Jusi'tcn.
I concur in the opinion delivered
by the Chief Justice and, in the de
claration that the-Act in question is
unconstitutional and therefore void,
and have but little to add.
It was argued by the Attorney
General that as the offices of third
and fourth Associate Justices were
created by an Act of the Legislature
therefore the offices might be abolish
ed by another Legislature lepealing
such law, and he also contended that
such olllces were held by virtue of
such law only. But he conceded
that if the offices were held by
virtue of the law and under the
constitution, .the law in question
would be unconstitutional.
Article Go of tho Constitution of
Kumehamcha V. provides that tlie
Supremo Court shall consist of a
Chief Justice and not less than two
Associate" Justices, and that the
Justices shall hold their olllces dur
ing good behavior, subject to re
moval by impeachment, etc.
Article GG provides that the tenure
of office in tlie inferior courts shall
bo such as shali bo defined by tlie
Jaw creating them.
T))o Legislature by the law of
188G, having. fulj authority to do bo,
eimctcd that tlie Supreme Court
should consist of a Chjcf Justico
and Four Associato Justices.
Mr. Justice Bickerton was sip
pointed Third Associate Justico
muter this Act on tuo zotu lJecem
ber, 1880, and thoreupon became a
Justice of tho Supreme Couit, the
only couit established' by tho Con.
stitution, and consequently held his
office under the Section, G5, aud sub
ject only to removal in terms of such
Bection.
Tins Kingdom had obtained by the
Constitution of Kamehnmeha the
3rd and by that of Kamehaineha the
5th, a tenure of ollice for the Jus
tices of tho Supreme Court free and
independent from tho control of tlie
Crown and the Legislature, a posi-
on which had only been obtained
n soino other countries after years
of agita(ipn and struggling with the
Crown, and it would be tp my opi
nion, a blow to tho independence
and integrity of tho Justices of this
Court, if it could bo considered an
open (piestion as to tlie power of the
Legislature to interfere with or iu
any way alter tho tenure of their
Sllftps,' '
Tlie new Constitution in Aitlelo
05 adopt! tlie then existing law, and
by Aitlclo 81 declares that "All
olficers of this kingdom nt tho time
this Constitution shall take effect
shall have, hold and exercise all the
power to them granted," thry
being required to lake an oath to
support the Constitution within sixty
days from its promulgation.
It therefore seems to me that, the
positi6n'"of Mr. Justico Bickeiton
was recognized by the Constitution.
I cannot in conclusion say moro
than that great and learned Judgo,
Chief Justice Marshall, in the caso
of Marbury v. Madison, "The Con
stitution is either a superior, para
mount law,, unchangeable by ordi
iiaVy fifeans.-or itrigtma-lcrel Vith"
ordinary legislative acts, and, like
other acts, is alterable when .the
Legislature shall please to alter' it.
"If the former part of the alter
native be true then n legislative act
contrary to the Constitution is not
law ; if the latter part be true, then
written constitutions arc absuid at
tempts on the pait of the people to
limit a power jn its own nature llliti
mitablc." The Act in question is in my
opinion absolutely void.
Castle Hall,
Mystic Lodge,
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r. iiiii bled i t in iiiiemiiii ce
ihNcvni.ii iI'SIOh irp, a? ItiBtnlln
tlou in. (I nth i nit i i a hUhinwB will
come bot'oitt tin I.o Inc. liy on!c ,
A GAltTEVBBUG.C. C.
F. Wiildiou, If. ol 11. &S.
Partnership Notice.
rj"UlE uiKler.ilk'iiod, each of lloiii'lulu,
X O.ih , linvit lormcil a t.aitiu-r hip
lo do a OMlellnit h lmslr.es on tho U.
lun I nf'Oiliu, linger iliu firm irnnm of
the "Mauniilim ltiincn Cmnp n y "
S. M. DA3ION.
GI-.0. ,1. UAMPBELL.
Hon lul , Doe. 31. 1 R".
80 Ct
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Ever' ( Fr'day Evening will 1c Ucit
rerfcctl.) fcclect for ludies & gentlemen.
.Buntl iii. Attcudauce.
jthomaFe. WALL,
1C01 froiirietor. lyr
HOTICE.
THE ANNUAL, MEETING of the
SliioknoldiTs ol i lie
Hawaiian Bell Telephone Co.
N ill he he'd at the olllcc of
the Com p. i y,
On Saturday, Jannary 7th,.1888,
at 12 o'clock noon.
J. F. BROWN, Beoietary
Honolulu, .Jan. 4. 88. fcOlt
WANTED,
BY a Japanese and wifo a situation
Jinn understands horses, &c , and
wifo a good'houseke' per. Apply at tills
ollice. 2!) lw
Boll Tol. 172
.Mutual Tel.
O. Box 409.
SCO.
J. E. BROWN & CO.,
FIro Proof Slooo Building.
42 Merchant Street.
AND-
General Commission Merchants
Gener.il Agancy for Haw'n lslundi
if the
Burlington and Chicago Railway
Across America,
Conncctiug at Boston with tho Azoroi
and Madolra
Through tioko'.agi anted from Honolulu
Mci'diaiidlEO stored and sold on coin,
mission. Consignments tolluitcd,
Propi'i ties leaped, ranted and sold.
LohI dociimuiiw draWn.
Books tiudllod aud ndJuMcri,
Accounts colli cted.
Authorized collector, Mr. A. Moron.
I? I NEST
BRANDS OF HAI I
X' JOIIllH
Pun. iluUuna mid Mnluna
ui puiu iu axvu ui u vusub ijv
' GOlJSALVEa & CO,
01 Queen street
... ,.... l ir . .i .... "
Boats
Wo take pleasure m recommending
our bout, as their conMiuetlon U iho
rosnl of years of study and labor in
building, and handling boats aioiuul
our various Island landings. Wo eluliii
tlicso boats to bo superior lor islnn i ui-o
to others (either built here or Imported)
In ocr 1 essential points, and wo are
suppor ollti this opinion by those who
bavo us' ritheni, as well as by otlierswlio
aie qualified to judge. They aro built for
nso and durability, and not Willi the
view of having tl(o benefit of future le
paiis. No use no crow grained and
useless Monkey Pod knees, timbers, or
floors, nor stralslit wood steins Our
.f.ta.mfc9;n,re alio. k- bent across without
a joint oii tlie keel, autl of ii size, larger
than usual lit other bo.tts, they ore also
closser together, and double t Ivlted to
the keel, with additional Hoots between.
We have applied both strain and blows
to these steam bent timbers and flud
that they nre equivalent to the so called
solid floors of twice the size, and are
consequently les liable to bo severely
bilged, and' arc easier repaired when it
occurs. The gunwales in e of Oak, nnd
with tlie oiilitUe plunking are Invariably
in one plank from t-toni to stem. The
holtllng jitrap does not go thiougli tbo
keel, cutting it away at a vital point,
but toggled under a .crew-bolt fastened
dead wood, and hinged above so as to
accommodate the pnu of hoist. Thu
timbers arc not cut away for water runs,
our limbers aie in the keel. We liavo
also a build wide iron plate on the keel
and stems of the bout which have secur
ed for these boats lliclrwcll dvseivcit
imputation for superior build. The
model- also compares favorably with
our best impoited boat, carrying
their width on tlie thwart, and
not on the gunwale as crank boats do,
t king all the cliafe and pounding
against vessels and wliaif, when dls
eliaiglir. Our bent O.ik knees alo
I'liiry out the requirements of the oldest
and most cxpcilcnccd association known
who for 70 years liavo spSred neither
time nor money to pioeur. the bot surf
and life boats, wherever found. During
thn test of 18S1, flexibility in boats, was
found to bo most issenlia'l. Tlie rela hm
these knees bear to the jointless section
timbers and to tho boat herself when se
verely i truck, to pievent a damaging
concussion or any damage, can bo letul
ily seen. This quality cannot bo found
in boats stilly held iu one place, and
loose in another. Several naval Cap
tains and Officers who have inspected
tliis system pronounce it a great. Im
provement over the old, as a pievcntivo
from being stove in or bilged alongside
when being lowered at sea, as many
have been known to do tbo short floors
and timber cuds lifting from the keel.
An other improvement, is that wo sell
these boats for S0 less than was form
erly paid for this size boat here, aud
it pays tlie builder and buyer better.
We have on hand two 21 feet freight
boats, price 230 to $250.
On stocks two 18 feet freight boats,
$130 lo sino
A correct model of tbo 2G feet Kinan
boat, 8230 to $230.
Two 1G feet pleasuie, pine copper
fastened clinker, weight SO lbs., oars,
etc., $35 to $G0.
Three various sized skiffs all kinds,
$15 to $30
Also our model yacht center board
sloop "Keform" all complete for pleas
ure or fishing, with hooks, lines, water
kegs, oars aud rowlocks, anchor aud
chains, extra sails, an oil stove, and a
littlo flat boat, that eiiu bt carried on
deck. This is a speedy little craft, aud
works second to none in our wateis.
.-ho was built for pleasure with safety,
to sail on her bottom, without packing
around tons of ballast. Can be rigged
and sail made in 15 minutes, and uuiig
gcd in five. Price $275,
We are also prepared to give plans
and estimates of all Kinds or scows,
rowing surf or sail boats, steam laun
ches, or schooners, in solid, bent frame,
or diagonal building. Our experience
in tlie latter mode dates from 185f , when
the celebrated yachts "Fox" and others
were built iu that way, this vessel -was
severely tried in the Arctic for 3 years
under Sir J. McCliutock, when in
search of Sir John Franklin. This mode
of building is highly recommended
where inside finish and capacity is an
object. We invito inspection of our
"boats at tho Enterprise Planiiig Jlill,
wuuiu Humpies may uu loiinu,
J. A. DOWER, J
Mutual Telephone, JsTo. 325, 21
Iftew Freight
FOIt SALE.
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M ZEALAND OATS !
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JTOK SAlfE,
NEW ZEALAND OATS OT
A I Quality,'
JiiBt received ox Mariposa, by
J, E. BROWN & Co.,
1.7 28 Moiohnnt Street,
DOCTOB WEBB.
Oflloo and Residence neX door to the
American 3Jinsler'8 on Alakcfi street,
between Hotel and Heiclaula Bir'eotx,
Ofllce Iours from 7 to 9 a, u'u; fronv
j iq u p. in, nuu w 10 p n in
Telenhono .
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