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Julius Caesar
Rise to Power
• 60 BC a military leader
named Julius Caesar
joined forces with
Crassus, a wealthy
Roman, and Pompey, a
popular general
• With their help, Caesar
was elected to the Consul
in 59 BC
• The First Triumvirate,
formed by Caesar,
Crassus and Pompey,
ruled Rome for the next
ten years
Caesar’s Military
Accomplishments
• Caesar served only one year
on the Consul and appointed
himself the governor of Gaul
(present day France)
• Caesar led his legions( Roman
army) to a successful
campaign, conquering all of
Gaul
• Caesars’s legions were very
loyal to their leader
• Caesar’s military successes
in Gaul made him popular with
the people of Rome
Caesar’s Rise to Power
• Pompey feared Caesar’s rising
power and popularity, and
ordered him to return to Rome
without his army
• On January 10, 49 BC, Caesar
defied Pompey’s orders,
crossed the Rubicon River and
marched into Rome
• Pompey fled Rome and
Caesar’s armies, defeated
Pompey’s forces throughout
the Roman Empire
• 49 BC Caesar returned to
Rome where he had the
support of the army and the
masses
• The same year the Roman
Senate appointed Caesar
dictator for life
Caesar’s Accomplishments as
Leader
• Caesar ruled as an absolute
ruler, one having total power
• Caesar’s Reforms:
Granted citizenship to many
people in the provinces
Expanded the Senate
Created jobs for the poor
through construction projects
Set up colonies so the landless
could own land
Increased pay for soldiers
Caesar’s Downfall
• Caesar’s power and
popularity were resented
by wealthy nobles and
members of the Senate
• Some considered Caesar
a tyrant
• Members of the Senate
led by Marcus Brutus and
Gaius Crassus plotted
Caesar’s assassination
• March 15, 44 BC (Beware of
the Ides of March) Caesar was
stabbed to death in the Senate
Chamber
• After Caesar’s death, civil war
broke out and finally order was
restored under the leadership
of Caesar’s grandnephew
Octavian
Et tu, Brute?

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