Alois Brunner commanded the Drancy internment camp outside Paris and was responsible for the deportation of over 140,000 Jews. He fled to Syria after the war and is thought to have been living there ever since.

Aribert Heim was a doctor at the Mauthausen concentration camp who tortured and killed hundreds of inmates. He was tracked down in 1962 but then fled West Germany.

Gerhard Sommer – a second lieutenant in the N azi SS, he was convicted by an Italian court in 2005 of “murder and special cruelty”, but Germany has refused to extradite the 94-year-old to Italy.