Instrumental and biological analyses for the woman

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Basic Analyses

Hormonal analysis. Consist of the search, in the blood, of the hormones that regulate the functions of the principal glands (pituitary gland and ovaries) and organs (uterus) that regulate female reproductivity. The most important are FSH, LH, Estradiol and Progesterone. The biological age of the ovaries is also evaluated, in order to understand if ovulation occurs and to identify possible endocrine imbalances. These tests are performed using simple blood tests during specific days in the cycle.

Transvaginal ultrasound. This is an exam which allows for the observation of the uterus, the ovaries and the bladder using ultrasound. The structure and certain parts of these organs are evaluated. In particular, it is possible to establish if ovulation occurs, if there are any cysts, fibroids or other forms. It is a harmless, rapid and painless exam.

Vaginal swab. Vaginal and cervical bacterial swab for common germs, Candida and Trichonoma, research for Chlamydia and Micoplasma

TORCH (monitoring for the research for the presence of IgG – class G immunoglobulin and IgM – class M immunoglobulin, for toxoplasmosis, rubella, citomegalovis and herpes simplex, the principal causes for foetal pathologies)

Other instrumental tests for suspected abnormalities of the tubes or uterus

Hysterosalpingogram. A radiological examination through which the profile of the uterus and tubes can be observed. A special dye is injected into the uterine cavity through which it reaches the tubes, the dye fills the tubes and spills out into the abdominal cavity. The path that the dye follows is observed using a radiological instrument, which, at the most critical moments allows photographs to be taken. The reliability is good and the risks very few.

Hysterosonogram. Is simpler and less invasive than the former because no x-rays are used, only ultrasound. For reliable results, however, it should be performed by someone who has a lot of experience in this technique.

Hysteroscopy. The uterine cavity is observed using a fibre optic scope. It is a simple, outpatient procedure and is generally painless.