Many companies in the cross section of telecommunication and mobile technology engage in R&D collaborations to manage uncertainty, create synergies and learn. While the challenges of managing individual collaborations are well documented, little is known on how to systematically manage several R&D collaborations simultaneously. We use modern portfolio theory as an analogy to show how companies active in mobile telecommunication manage risks and create synergies by simultaneously engaging in several inter-firm collaborations.
Keywords: Portfolio theory, risk, synergy, R&D collaboration, mobile commerce

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An empirical analysis of science-industry collaboration in a pharmaceutical company

Vedel, Jane Bjørn(Frederiksberg, 2014)

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In recent years, the concept of ‘strategic research’ has played a prominent role in
Danish public research policy. This thesis investigates how strategic research
develops in a pharmaceutical company. Politicians and policy makers have tended
to see science-industry collaboration as the main strategic tool for stimulating
national growth and job creation. They have also anticipated that companies and
politicians in the future will have an increasingly important role in specifying
societal and industrial problems that can be solved through science-industry
collaborations. Hence, strategic research is today closely associated with what is
termed ‘demand-driven innovation’.
Science-industry collaboration has also attracted interest in industry, for instance,
in pharmaceutical companies. However, here we find quite different ideas about
strategic research and science-industry collaboration. Rather than representing a
tool for providing short-term solutions, pharmaceutical companies have seen
science-industry collaboration as a device for building long-term platforms of
innovation. Arising from a curiosity concerning the differences between policy
and corporate practices of strategic research, this thesis asks the following
questions: What characterizes strategic research in a private company? Through
which practices does strategic research (and science-industry collaboration)
develop? What characterizes the management of strategic research?

Internalisation theory informs us about why and when multinational enterprises (MNEs) internalise foreign operations, but has less to say about how the internalisation should be prepared and exercised when foreign market operations initially are carried out by local, outside agents. Drawing on insights from managerially-oriented literature, this paper explores the role of management in situations where the market transaction costs of using outside agents are negligible at market entry, but grow over time. A key question pertaining to this situation is: what management instruments may ensure persistent concurrence between changing pressure for internalisation in a foreign market and the effectuated internalisation of an MNE in that market? Management instruments and strategies that potentially support ‘staged internalisation’ include appropriation of the local outside agent’s financial assets (including equity) as well as non-financial assets in relation to user rights, customer relations, and value added activities.

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Acquisitions are standard components of the growth strategies of many organizations.
Frequently, acquisitions raise important questions concerning how and to what extent
the acquisition’s information technology (IT) needs to be integrated into the IT of the
acquirer. We investigate how the initial conditions of business and IT alignment in the
acquirer and the acquisition affect the complexity of the post-acquisition IT integration
process, in acquisitions of business units by multi-business organizations. Adopting an
IT alignment model for multi-business organizations, we explain the complexity of IT
integration paths in two acquisitions made by the industry group Trelleborg AB. We
identify four initial business and IT strategic alignment conditions where the IT
integration process is a simple one-step process exploiting existing business and IT
capabilities. Low compliance with these conditions leads to increased complexity
because additional business and/or IT capabilities have to be developed to leverage the
full potential of the acquisition.

In this paper, we report on a novel approach developed by SAP AG, the German
enterprise software company, for managing the integration of acquisitions of
companies to access innovative technologies and related capabilities: the Product
Council approach. The value of the Product Council approach rests in ensuring critical
speed while not compromising accuracy in the integration process. For SAP, the Product
Council became a vital component in its technology acquisition capability that allows
the company to retain its technological edge in the hypercompetitive software industry.

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This study adds to business model innovation literature by exploring the adaptability
of dominant logics of corporate mindsets. The purpose is to analyze how a company
can rethink itself based on the premises of servitization: how the mindset of a manufacturer
can be reconfigured when changing the business model from product to service
innovation and adapting a service logic for its entire business. A field study was
conducted in the form of two workshops and interviews with middle-level managers
of Vestas Wind Systems, a global wind turbine manufacturer. The study indicates that
it is cognitively possible to change the business model of a manufacturing company.
Furthermore, the results showed that mindsets can be mapped, but they change depending
on the framing. Interestingly, each mindset possesses a different businesslogic,
as the components of the business model framework interact differently in a
product than a service situation.

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The focus of this thesis is an analysis of the legal aspects and use of surveys in trademark and
marketing practice litigation in Norway. I examine the legal relevance of surveys and analyse
how they are considered as evidence by the courts and administrative bodies.
Human behaviour can be defined within a legal context by interpreting legal sources and
also by developing a survey based on the market place. In this thesis, I compare the use of
survey findings as evidence of human perceptions in the context of the average consumer who
represents the opinion of the relevant group. If the factual public opinion of the respective
group of addressees is taken into consideration, the rules are interpreted with a basis in the
market place (reality), and not within a formal legal framework (abstraction)...

The purpose is to better understand the interrelatedness of new business models in the truck market and developments in the road transport sector. Based on a three year research project in cooperation with a European heavy vehicle manufacturer, we describe short cases showing some of the business models in use and demonstrate changes and the relations between the markets trucking and transport.
New business models emerge both in the heavy vehicle and transportation markets, in complex ways involving multiple actors. The impetus for the models can come from several directions but the final impact must be negotiated and cannot be planned by a single actor. The paper considers the development of new business models and implications on the market from the point of view of the firms actually using the business models. This shows how different business models can co-exist and involve different types of rationalities.

The paper re-examines the concerns on the rule-based governance in poor institutional environment. By relying on the theories and research vehicles of social psychology, we show that under certain conditions, the ‘law on books’ may still play role in governing market transactions, even though no formal enforcement applies. We furthermore expose the potential of the Corporate Governance Code as the ‘signaling device’ and provide arguments as to why this potential may be even stronger in an environment with relatively weak institutions in comparison to the developed market economies.

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This research project examines markets for biogas plants in Denmark, referred to
simply as biogas markets, as a fragile and controversial process of framing and
organizing by analyzing how unexpected events, called ‘overflows’, and
controversies influence how markets frame biogas plants as a valuable economic
good and ensure biogas plants are implemented through market transactions.
Without well-constructed and well-organized markets these fundamental economic
functions cannot take place. The overarching argument of the project is that to
realize changing technical, political, and socio-economic intentions of biogas the
market must be framed and organized to reframe and solve overflows and
controversies that characterize biogas markets in Denmark. Otherwise, what we
end up with are ‘markets of good intentions’. Although they are rarely predicted
and constitute the robustness as well as the source of the inevitable fragility and
controversy of the market, it is essential to the framing of biogas plants as a
valuable commodity and the completion of transactions, that overflows and
controversies are addressed and internalized into the market assemblage. This
involves identifying and rendering them debatable based on the calculations and
other elements that underpin the alleged value of biogas and the actions of market
actors...