The
background of the very first Toyota Celica GT4 - and looking
at it from a buyer's perspective...

By Michael Knowling

Back in 1988, the FIA's banning of Group B rally cars meant car
companies had to return to manufacturing their rally contenders in
real numbers; each company had to assemble at least 5000
examples of a vehicle before it could be eligible for Group A
competition. It was no longer enough to screw together a hand full
of spare-no-expense monsters...

It was Toyota more than any other manufacturer that made the most
of the new Group A rally format; with the introduction of the new
regulations, Toyota set about building a turbocharged,
all-wheel-drive version of its newly released ST165 front-drive
Celica. Released to the public in October 1987 and making its
competition debut in 1988, the ST165 GT4 (aka All-Trac in America)
was Toyota's first serious attempt at top-level rallying; the mighty
GT4 went on to make history by taking Carlos Sainz to a 1990 World
Rally Champion title.

Of course, while Carlos Sainz and various other
competition drivers were testing the GT4's mettle on rally special
stages, it was Joe Average - in Japan, UK and America - that could
walk into their local Toyota dealership and make an order for their
own road-going GT4. The 'win on Sunday sell on Monday' philosophy
really came into effect - even if the car was quite expensive
compared to other coupes. The ST165 GT4 was a very
significant vehicle, though - it introduced buyers to the level of
performance, sophistication and security that we now automatically
associate with all-wheel-drive turbocars.

Under the bonnet, the GT4 boasts a turbocharged
and intercooled version of the atmo 3S-GE engine - the 3S-GTE. With
an 86mm bore and stroke, the GT4's in-line transverse four sweeps a
total of 1998cc and features fully floating pistons delivering a
static compression ratio of 8.5:1. An oil cooler is also fitted to
ensure engine longevity.

The Yamaha developed aluminium 16-valve cylinder head
incorporates pent-roof combustion chambers and two belt driven
camshafts. Blowing induction air into the engine is a Toyota CT26
water-cooled turbocharger teamed with a water-to-air intercooler and
a relatively sophisticated engine management system, which is based
on the Bosch L-Jetronic system. With boost pressure factory set to
around 9 - 10 psi, the Japanese-spec ST165 GT4 is rated at 136kW at
6000 and 240Nm at 3200 rpm.

On the road, our test vehicle (provided by Adelaide Japanese
Imports) showed quite good throttle response - for a turbocar - with
good torque from low rpm; the boost light on the dash can be seen
illuminating from as low as 1500 rpm. Mid-range is certainly where
the car feels strongest, though, as accelerative urge falls over
noticeably above about 5500 - 6000 rpm. Work the 5-speed gearbox so
you're hovering between peak torque and peak rpm and the ST165 GT4
can haul you from point to point quite swiftly.

Aside from its engine, though, the other attraction of the GT4 is
its AWD system.

Unlike most other manufacturers of the time, Toyota gave its GT4
a proper full-time all-wheel-drive system - not a basic 'on-demand'
lock-up 4WD system. The transverse gearbox was equipped with a
viscous coupling, which apportions torque to the front and rear
wheels depending on front-to-rear tyre slip; the axle with the most
traction is the one that receives the most torque. In static
conditions, however, the torque split is 50:50 front-to-rear.

The newly installed rear differential, meanwhile, is of the
Torsen limited-slip variety while the front differential uses an
open-centre.

Total traction enables the ST165 GT4 - which is not particularly
light at 1360 kilograms - to accelerate from standstill to 100 km/h
in high 7s/low 8s; quick, but it's no rocketship in standard form.
Excellent aerodynamics allows a top speed of around 215 km/h.

Not surprisingly, Toyota chose not to make any drastic suspension
changes for the AWD GT4; the ST165 chassis design was already quite
brilliant in its time. The front suspension comprises MacPherson
struts with an anti-swaybar and strut tower brace, while the rear
employs struts with a trailing link and twin lateral links per side
plus an anti-swaybar. A new rear sub-frame was also introduced to
accommodate the rear drive system.

Our test vehicle showed excellent straight-line stability at all
speeds and remained composed through each and every corner. The
tyres fitted to 'our' vehicle, though, were worse than the standard
items (which happen to be 195/50 14 inch Pirelli P600s), so grip
levels were quite low; this exaggerated the car's natural tendency
to understeer. On the upside, the ride is surprisingly soft for a
rally-bred sportscar.

The steering arrangement is a power assisted
rack-and-pinion one with 2.9 turns lock-to-lock and nice, linear
response. Braking, meanwhile, is via 254mm ventilated front discs
with twin-pot calipers and 265mm solid rears with single pot
calipers. Stopping power was up to standard during our test.

Very few cars born in 1987 have aged as
gracefully as the ST165 Celica hatch (note that there was never a
notchback version of the GT4). It's graceful curves - incorporating
pop-up headlights - large glass areas and balanced proportions
remain aesthetically pleasing even 15 years on.

The cosmetic differences of the GT4 are subtle; in addition to
the Celica SX-spec rear spoiler there's a revised front bumper with
twin fog lights (which were missing on our test car), larger side
mouldings and a few stickers. There are no bonnet scoops or vents to
be found. From all accounts, the 14-inch alloys are also the same as
those fitted to the atmo front-wheel-drive ST165 models.

Inside, the Celica is - again - much more modern than most
other cars from its era; its dash layout and interior packaging were
absolutely right up to the minute. The GT4 came comprehensively
equipped with fabric/leather seats (featuring electric lumbar and
side bolster adjustment), leather steering wheel and gear knob, tilt
and reach adjustable steering wheel, central locking, analogue
climate control, electric windows and mirrors (retractable on the
Japanese version) and a double-DIN radio/cassette with four
speakers. Instrumentation comprises a Japanese 180 km/h speedo, 6800
redline tacho, boost light, fuel level, coolant temp, oil temp and
battery voltage gauges all laid out in a very clear manner. Overall,
the interior is very comfortable and functional, but there are a few
constant reminders of its age - like the long throw gearshift, large
diameter steering wheel and the considerable engine noise.

Not surprisingly, rear accommodation is quite limited but it's no
worse than, say, a Nissan S13 180SX. A reasonable amount of luggage
can be thrown in the cargo area - under which you'll find the space
saver spare wheel - and the split rear backrests can be folded
forward if need be.

After the ST165 GT4...

After achieving its success in rallying, the ST165 GT4 was
superseded in 1990 by the larger ST185 model. Depending on the
market, the updated 3S-GTE's power output was increased to
153kW (in Australian guise) while the driveline retained much
of the same layout. A limited edition Carlos Sainz model (with
even more power and a few other extras) was then introduced in
1992 before the final incarnation of the GT4 - the awesome
ST205 - hit the road. This beast wowed the opposition with a
serious aero kit and an engine capable of 178kW (again, in
Australian spec) - but with a new retail price of over 80
grand it was obvious the GT4 was losing its original appeal.
Once the ST205 Celica range came to an end, the all-paw GT4
died and - to this date - the void remains unfilled by
Toyota.

Thanks to Australian import rules regarding
Japanese cars that are 15 years and older, the ST165 GT4 - a genuine
piece of modern automotive history - can be picked up for a
comparatively small outlay. The vehicle on test, for example, had
180,000 kilometres on it and was selling for around $9000. Compare
that to what many people are asking for Holden VL Commodore turbos
(from the same era) and the imported GT4 shapes up as a bargain; it
feels w-a-y more advanced and much better built.

As with any vehicle its age, though, there will be some areas
that need fixing. The driver's seat on our test car was thoroughly
worn, the passenger side power window didn't work and the suspension
felt like it needed an overhaul. There were also a few annoying
rattles from the hatch. Engine wise, though, it felt fine but we
can't help wonder how much life is left in the turbo, engine, clutch
and driveline. We have also heard that the electric pump for the
water-to-air intercooler can fail.

Unlike many grey Japanese imports, though, the ST165 GT4 has a
pretty good parts back-up - the main body panels are the same as the
locally-delivered atmo front-drive ST165 Celica while the driveline
is very similar to that found in the locally-delivered ST185 GT4. We
suggest only a few parts would be a challenge to replace.

If you're after a little more power than the standard output, a
high-flow exhaust and air intake will give about 15 percent more
power, while boost can be upped to around 12 psi without problem;
some sources suggest this can be achieved by drilling out one of the
ports on the factory boost control solenoid to 4.5mm. Apparently,
the larger turbocharger from the 7M-GTE Toyota Supra can also be
fitted to the GT4 with only a couple of alterations.

No question - with a few mechanical tweaks, the ST165 GT4 could
be a real blast to drive. Add to that its collectable nature and you
sure get a lot in return for your AUD$9000-odd.