Relationship between affective and cognitive componentsRole of approach and avoidance motivationIdentification of task-specific conditional factorsIntegrationSDt definitions"Intrinsic motivation is defined as the doing of an activity for its inherent satisfactions rather than for some separable consequence.""Extrinsic motivation is a construct that pertains whenever an activity is done in order to attain some separable outcome."Conceptual analysisRyan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classical definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.not a unitary construct, but composite of several elementscognitively distinguishableas soon as they are identified as such, they appear as extrinsic motivatorsInherent satisfactionsoppositionaladditiveindependentPossible relations between affective and cognitive componentsthe effort and exertion tennis requiresthe feeling of placing a ball exactly at a particular spot on the courtputting one's opponent on the wrong legbeing part of a team...What you may like about playing tennissatisfaction implies a need and the satisfaction of that need is separable from the activity proper.

therefore

separable consequences presumably play always a role in motivationsubconscious motives (goal contagion)illustrative examplesSeparable consequencesgifted piano playeras adolescent spent hours and hours of piano practiceCase of M. N. from Leiden, The Netherlandsrealized as an adult that his effort in part stemmed from the motive to impress women with his fabulous playseparable consequence par excellenceProfit from trading on the stock exchangeAffective and cognitive components of motivation are simultaneous, but disparate events are not necessarily opposed, but can have opposite effectstwo separate regulation systems supported by different brain structures:"reward" or "motivation" system: roughly subcortical regions"cognitive control": cortical regionsthat can be out of syncNeuro-imaging researchEmpirically all kinds of relations between affect and cognition are found:positive, when activities are both pleasurable and profitableneither pleasurable nor profitablenegative, when activities are:profitable, but not pleasurablepleasurable, but not profitableEmpirical observationsnothing stops a share broker to like his job very muchWhat combination would intuitively provide the highest level of motivation?pleasurable, but not profitablepleasurable and profitableFourfold classification of valencespositive valence > approach motivationnegative valence > avoidance motivationpositive negativecognitive

affectiveConditionally relevant estimates, judgements, beliefs, etc. need to be distinguished in personal and contextual. Applies tocompetenceautonomy(relatedness)cognitive valencePerson and contextCombined result of:sense of personal competencethe extent to which one estimates that one is capable of successfully performing an action schemeperceived external supportthe extent to which one expects the context to facilitate the performance of an action schemeFeasibility expectationSense of personal competence is presumably more important than perceived external supportsense of personal autonomythe extent to which one experiences oneself as the origin of choosing and performing an action schemeperceived freedom of actionthe extent to which one experiences the freedom to make decisions about the selection and performance of an action schemeAutonomySense of freedom of action is presumably relevant to the extent to which it reinforces a sense of personal autonomyIn principle distinguishable in:sense of personal relatednessthe extent in which one personally feels connected to other people in the context of the action schemeperceived relatednessthe estimate of the connectedness between the people who belong to the context of the action schemeRelatednessin practice only sense of personal relatedness is relevanton the group level sense of personal relatedness is an aggregatepersonal cognitive valencethe total value one expects to gain for oneself from the performance of an action schemenon-personal cognitive valencethe total value for other people or entities beside the person that is expected from performing an action schemeCognitive valenceAffective valence has no contextual aspectUnified model oftask-specific motivation(UMTM)Interaction of valencespositive affectivevalencesnegativeaffectivevalencespositivecognitivevalencesnegativecognitivevalencesvalence expectationcompetenceautonomyrelatednesssubjective normTask-specific factors that influence valenceUnified Model ofTask-specific Motivation(UMTM)Relation between affect and cognition:interacting but independentvalence expectationcognitivevalencesaffectivevalencesyou may never know whether they play a role in task motivationthey do not by definition impair motivationFeelings about activities and thoughts about (the value of) their outcomes originate from different processes