The Rise of the New, New Left

Bill de Blasio's win in New York's Democratic primary isn't a local story. It's part of a vast shift that could upend three decades of American political thinking. By Peter Beinart.

aybe Bill de Blasio got lucky. Maybe he only won because he cut a sweet ad featuring his biracial son. Or because his rivals were either spectacularly boring, spectacularly pathological, or running for Michael Bloomberg's fourth term. But I don't think so. The deeper you look, the stronger the evidence that de Blasio's victory is an omen of what may become the defining story of America's next political era: the challenge, to both parties, from the left. It's a challenge Hillary Clinton should start worrying about now.

To understand why that challenge may prove so destabilizing, start with this core truth: For the past two decades, American politics has been largely a contest between Reaganism and Clintonism. In 1981, Ronald Reagan shattered decades of New Deal consensus by seeking to radically scale back government's role in the economy. In 1993, Bill Clinton brought the Democrats back to power by accepting that they must live in the world Reagan had made. Located somewhere between Reagan's anti-government conservatism and the pro-government liberalism that preceded it, Clinton articulated an ideological "third way": Inclined toward market solutions, not government bureaucracy, focused on economic growth, not economic redistribution, and dedicated to equality of opportunity, not equality of outcome. By the end of Clinton's presidency, government spending as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product was lower than it had been when Reagan left office.

For a time, small flocks of pre-Reagan Republicans and pre-Clinton Democrats endured, unaware that their species were marked for extinction. Hard as they tried, George H.W. Bush and Bob Dole could never muster much rage against the welfare state. Ted Kennedy never understood why Democrats should declare the era of big government over. But over time, the older generation in both parties passed from the scene and the younger politicians who took their place could scarcely conceive of a Republican Party that did not bear Reagan's stamp or a Democratic Party that did not bear Clinton's. These Republican children of Reagan and Democratic children of Clinton comprise America's reigning political generation.

By "political generation," I mean something particular. Pollsters slice Americans into generations at roughly 20-year intervals: Baby Boomers (born mid-1940s to mid-1960s); Generation X (mid-1960s to early 1980s); Millennials (early 1980s to 2000). But politically, these distinctions are arbitrary. To understand what constitutes a political generation, it makes more sense to follow the definition laid out by the early-20th-century sociologist Karl Mannheim. For Mannheim, generations were born from historical disruption. As he argued-and later scholars have confirmed-people are disproportionately influenced by events that occur between their late teens and mid-twenties. During that period-between the time they leave their parents' home and the time they create a stable home of their own-individuals are most prone to change cities, religions, political parties, brands of toothpaste. After that, lifestyles and attitudes calcify. For Mannheim, what defined a generation was the particular slice of history people experienced during those plastic years. A generation had no set length. A new one could emerge "every year, every thirty, every hundred." What mattered was whether the events people experienced while at their most malleable were sufficiently different from those experienced by people older or younger than themselves.

Mannheim didn't believe that everyone who experienced the same formative events would interpret them the same way. Germans who came of age in the early 1800s, he argued, were shaped by the Napoleonic wars. Some responded by becoming romantic-conservatives, others by becoming liberal-rationalists. What they shared was a distinct generational experience, which became the basis for a distinct intra-generational argument.

If Mannheim's Germans constituted a political generation because in their plastic years they experienced the Napoleonic Wars, the men and women who today dominate American politics constitute a political generation because during their plastic years they experienced some part of the Reagan-Clinton era. That era lasted a long time. If you are in your late 50s, you are probably too young to remember the high tide of Kennedy-Johnson big government liberalism. You came of age during its collapse, a collapse that culminated with the defeat of Jimmy Carter. Then you watched Reagan rewrite America's political rules. If you are in your early '40s, you may have caught the tail end of Reagan. But even if you didn't, you were shaped by Clinton, who maneuvered within the constraints Reagan had built. To pollsters, a late 50-something is a Baby Boomer and an early 40-something is a Gen-Xer. But in Mannheim's terms, they constitute a single generation because no great disruption in American politics divides them. They came of age as Reagan defined a new political era and Clinton ratified it. And as a rule, they play out their political struggles between the ideological poles that Reagan and Clinton set out.

To understand how this plays out in practice, look at the rising, younger politicians in both parties. Start with the GOP. If you look at the political biographies of nationally prominent 40-something Republicans-Bobby Jindal, Scott Walker, Paul Ryan, Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz-what they all have in common is Reagan. Jindal has said about growing up in Louisiana, "I grew up in a time when there weren't a whole lot of Republicans in this state. But I identified with President Reagan." At age 17, Scott Walker was chosen to represent his home state of Colorado in a Boys Nation trip to Washington. There he met "his hero, Ronald Reagan," who "played a big role in inspiring me." At age 21, Paul Ryan interned for Robert Kasten, who had ridden into the Senate in 1980 on Reagan's coattails. Two years later he took a job with Jack Kemp, whose 1981 Kemp-Roth tax cut had helped usher in Reaganomics. Growing up in a fiercely anti-communist Cuban exile family in Miami, Marco Rubio writes in his autobiography that "Reagan's election and my grandfather's allegiance to him were defining influences on me politically." Ted Cruz is most explicit of all. "I was 10 when Reagan became president," he told a conservative group earlier this year. "I was 18 when he left the White House ... I'll go to my grave with Ronald Wilson Reagan defining what it means to be president ... and when I look at this new generation of [Republican] leaders I see leaders that are all echoing Reagan."

Younger Democratic politicians are less worshipful of Clinton. Yet his influence on their worldview is no less profound. Start with the most famous, still-youngish Democrat, a man who although a decade older than Rubio, Jindal, and Cruz, hails from the same Reagan-Clinton generation: Barack Obama. Because he opposed the Iraq War, and sometimes critiqued the Clintons as too cautious when running against Hillary in 2008, some commentators depicted Obama's victory as a rejection of Clintonism. But to read The Audacity of Hope-Obama's most detailed exposition of his political outlook-is to be reminded how much of a Clintonian Obama actually is. At Clintonism's core was the conviction that to revive their party, Democrats must first acknowledge what Reagan got right.

Obama, in describing his own political evolution, does that again and again: "as disturbed as I might have been by Ronald Reagan's election ... I understood his appeal" (page 31). "Reagan's central insight ... contained a good deal of truth" (page 157). "In arguments with some of my friends on the left, I would find myself in the curious position of defending aspects of Reagan's worldview" (page 289). Having given Reagan his due, Obama then sketches out a worldview in between the Reaganite right and unreconstructed, pre-Reagan left. "The explanations of both the right and the left have become mirror images of each other" (page 24), he declares in a chapter in which he derides "either/or thinking" (page 40). "It was Bill Clinton's singular contribution that he tried to transcend this ideological deadlock" (page 34). Had the term not already been taken, Obama might well have called his intermediary path the "third way."

The nationally visible Democrats rising behind Obama generally share his pro-capitalist, anti-bureaucratic, Reaganized liberalism. The most prominent is 43-year-old Cory Booker, who is famously close to Wall Street and supports introducing market competition into education via government-funded vouchers for private schools. In the words of New York magazine, "Booker is essentially a Clinton Democrat." Gavin Newsom, the 45-year-old lieutenant governor of California, has embraced Silicon Valley in the same way Booker has embraced Wall Street. His book, Citizenville, calls for Americans to "reinvent government," a phrase cribbed from Al Gore's effort to strip away government bureaucracy in the 1990s. "In the private sector," he told Time, "leaders are willing to take risks and find innovative solutions. In the public sector, politicians are risk-averse." Julian Castro, the 39-year-old mayor of San Antonio and 2012 Democratic convention keynote speaker, is a fiscal conservative who supports NAFTA.

The argument between the children of Reagan and the children of Clinton is fierce, but ideologically, it tilts toward the right. Even after the financial crisis, the Clinton Democrats who lead their party don't want to nationalize the banks, institute a single-payer health-care system, raise the top tax rate back to its pre-Reagan high, stop negotiating free-trade deals, launch a war on poverty, or appoint labor leaders rather than Wall Streeters to top economic posts. They want to regulate capitalism modestly. Their Reaganite Republican adversaries, by contrast, want to deregulate it radically. By pre-Reagan standards, the economic debate is taking place on the conservative side of the field. But-and this is the key point--there's reason to believe that America's next political generation will challenge those limits in ways that cause the leaders of both parties fits.

America's youngest adults are called "Millennials" because the 21st century was dawning as they entered their plastic years. Coming of age in the 21st century is of no inherent political significance. But this calendric shift has coincided with a genuine historical disruption. Compared to their Reagan-Clinton generation elders, Millennials are entering adulthood in an America where government provides much less economic security. And their economic experience in this newly deregulated America has been horrendous. This experience has not produced a common generational outlook. No such thing ever exists. But it is producing a distinct intragenerational argument, one that does not respect the ideological boundaries to which Americans have become accustomed. The Millennials are unlikely to play out their political conflicts between the yard lines Reagan and Clinton set out.

In 2001, just as the first Millennials were entering the workforce, the United States fell into recession. By 2007 the unemployment rate had still not returned to its pre-recession level. Then the financial crisis hit. By 2012, data showed how economically bleak the Millennials' first decade of adulthood had been. Between 1989 and 2000, when younger members of the Reagan-Clinton generation were entering the job market, inflation-adjusted wages for recent college graduates rose almost 11 percent, and wages for recent high school graduates rose 12 percent. Between 2000 and 2012, it was the reverse. Inflation-adjusted wages dropped 13 percent among recent high school graduates and 8 percent among recent graduates of college.

But it was worse than that. If Millennials were victims of a 21st-century downward slide in wages, they were also victims of a longer-term downward slide in benefits. The percentage of recent college graduates with employer-provided health care, for instance, dropped by half between 1989 and 2011.

The Great Recession hurt older Americans, too. But because they were more likely to already have secured some foothold in the job market, they were more cushioned from the blow. By 2009, the net worth of households headed by someone over 65 was 47 times the net worth of households headed by someone under 35, almost five times the margin that existed in 1984.

One reason is that in addition to coming of age in a terrible economy, Millennials have come of age at a time when the government safety net is far more threadbare for the young than for the middle-aged and old. As the Economic Policy Institute has pointed out, younger Americans are less likely than their elders to qualify for unemployment insurance, food stamps, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, or the Earned Income Tax Credit. (Not to mention Medicare and Social Security.)

Millennials have also borne the brunt of declines in government spending on higher education. In 2012, according to The New York Times, state and local spending per college student hit a 25-year low. As government has cut back, universities have passed on the (ever-increasing) costs of college to students. Nationally, the share of households owing student debt doubled between 1989 and 2010, and the average amount of debt per household tripled, to $26,000.

Economic hardship has not always pushed Americans to the left. In the Clinton-Reagan era, for instance, the right often used culture and foreign policy to convince economically struggling Americans to vote against bigger government. But a mountain of survey data-plus the heavily Democratic tilt of Millennials in every national election in which they have voted-suggests that they are less susceptible to these right-wing populist appeals. For one thing, right-wing populism generally requires rousing white, Christian, straight, native-born Americans against Americans who are not all those things. But among Millennials, there are fewer white, Christian non-immigrants to rouse. Forty percent of Millennials are racial or ethnic minorities. Less than half say religion is "very important" to their lives.

And even those Millennials who are white, Christian, straight, and native-born are less resentful of people who are not. According to a 2010 Pew survey, whites under the age of 30 were more than 50 points more likely than whites over 65 to say they were comfortable with someone in their family marrying someone of another ethnicity or race. A 2011 poll by the Public Religion Research Institute found that almost 50 percent of evangelicals under the age of 30 back gay marriage.

Of course, new racial, ethnic, and sexual fault lines could emerge. But today, a Republican seeking to divert Millennial frustrations in a conservative cultural direction must reckon with the fact that Millennials are dramatically more liberal than the elderly and substantially more liberal than the Reagan-Clinton generation on everymajorculture warissue except abortion (where there is no significant generational divide).

They are also more dovish on foreign policy. According to the Pew Research Center, Millennials are close to half as likely as the Reagan-Clinton generation to accept sacrificing civil liberties in the fight against terrorism and much less likely to say the best way to fight terrorism is through military force.

It is these two factors-their economic hardship in an age of limited government protection and their resistance to right-wing cultural populism-that best explain why on economic issues, Millennials lean so far left. In 2010, Pew found that two-thirds of Millennials favored a bigger government with more services over a cheaper one with fewer services, a margin 25 points above the rest of the population. While large majorities of older and middle-aged Americans favored repealing Obamacare in late 2012, Millennials favored expanding it, by 17 points. Millennials are substantially more pro-labor union than the population at large.

The only economic issue on which Millennials show much libertarian instinct is the privatization of Social Security, which they disproportionately favor. But this may be less significant than it first appears. Historically, younger voters have long been more pro-Social Security privatization than older ones, with support dropping as they near retirement age. In fact, when asked if the government should spend more money on Social Security, Millennials are significantly more likely than past cohorts of young people to say yes.

Most striking of all, Millennials are more willing than their elders to challenge cherished American myths about capitalism and class. According to a 2011 Pew study, Americans under 30 are the only segment of the population to describe themselves as "have nots" rather than "haves." They are far more likely than older Americans to say that business enjoys more control over their lives than government. And unlike older Americans, who favor capitalism over socialism by roughly 25 points, Millennials, narrowly, favor socialism.

There is more reason to believe these attitudes will persist as Millennials age than to believe they will change. For starters, the liberalism of Millennials cannot be explained merely by the fact that they are young, because young Americans have not always been liberal. In recent years, polls have shown young Americans to be the segment of the population most supportive of government-run health care. But in 1978, they were the least supportive. In the last two elections, young Americans voted heavily for Obama. But in 1984 and 1988, Americans under 30 voted Republican for president.

The economic circumstances that have pushed Millennials left are also unlikely to change dramatically anytime soon. A 2010 study by Yale economist Lisa Kahn found that even 17 years later, people who had entered the workforce during a recession still earned 10 percent less than those who entered when the economy was strong. In other words, even if the economy booms tomorrow, Millennials will still be suffering the Great Recession's aftershocks for decades.

And the economy is not likely to boom. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke doesn't believe the unemployment rate will reach 6 percent until 2016, and even that will be higher than the 1990s average. Nor are the government protections Millennials crave likely to appear anytime soon. To the contrary, as a result of the spending cuts signed into law in 2010 and the sequester that began this year, non-defense discretionary spending is set to decline by decade's end to its lowest level in 50 years.

If Millennials remain on the left, the consequences for American politics over the next two decades could be profound. In the 2008 presidential election, Millennials constituted one-fifth of America's voters. In 2012, they were one-quarter. In 2016, according to predictions by political demographer Ruy Teixeira, they will be one-third. And they will go on constituting between one-third and two-fifths of America's voters through at least 2028.

The likeliest explanation for this is that while younger Republican candidates may have a greater cultural connection to young voters, the ideological gulf is vast. Even if they are only a decade older than Millennials, politicians like Cruz, Rubio, and Walker hail from a different political generation both because they came of age at a time of relative prosperity and because they were shaped by Reagan, whom Millennials don't remember. In fact, the militantly anti-government vision espoused by ultra-Reaganites like Cruz, Rubio, and Walker isn't even that popular among Millennial Republicans. As a July Pew survey notes, Republicans under 30 are more hostile to the Tea Party than any other Republican age group. By double digits, they're also more likely than other Republicans to support increasing the minimum wage.

Republicans may modestly increase their standing among young voters by becoming more tolerant on cultural issues and less hawkish on foreign policy, but it's unlikely they will become truly competitive unless they follow the counsel of conservative commentators Ross Douthat and Reihan Salam and "adapt to a new reality-namely, that today, Americans are increasingly worried about their economic security." If there's hope for the GOP, it's that Millennials, while hungry for government to provide them that economic security, are also distrustful of its capacity to do so. As a result of growing up in what Chris Hayes' has called the "fail decade" -the decade of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina and the financial crisis-Millennials are even more cynical about government than the past generations of young Americans who wanted less from it. If a Republican presidential candidate could match his Democratic opponent as a champion of economic security and yet do so in a way that required less faith in Washington's competence and benevolence, he might boost the GOP with young voters in a way no number of pop-culture references ever could.

If the Millennials challenge Reaganite orthodoxy, they will likely challenge Clintonian orthodoxy, too. Over the past three decades, Democratic politicians have grown accustomed to campaigning and governing in the absence of a mobilized left. This absence has weakened them: Unlike Franklin Roosevelt or Lyndon Johnson, Bill Clinton and Barack Obama could never credibly threaten American conservatives that if they didn't pass liberal reforms, left-wing radicals might disrupt social order. But Democrats of the Reagan-Clinton generation have also grown comfortable with that absence. From Tony Coelho, who during the Reagan years taught House Democrats to raise money from corporate lobbyists to Bill Clinton, who made Goldman Sachs co-chairman Robert Rubin his chief economic adviser, to Barack Obama, who gave the job to Rubin's former deputy and alter ego, Larry Summers, Democrats have found it easier to forge relationships with the conservative worlds of big business and high finance because they have not faced much countervailing pressure from an independent movement of the left.

But that may be changing. Look at the forces that created Occupy Wall Street. The men and women who assembled in September 2011 in Zuccotti Park bore three key characteristics. First, they were young. According to a survey published by City University of New York's Murphy Institute for Worker Education and Labor, 40 percent of the core activists involved taking over the park were under 30 years old. Second, they were highly educated. Eighty percent possessed at least a bachelors' degree, more than twice the percentage of New Yorkers overall. Third, they were frustrated economically. According to the CUNY study, more than half the Occupy activists under 30 owed at least $1,000 in student debt. More than a one-third had lost a job or been laid off in the previous five years. In the words of David Graeber, the man widely credited with coining the slogan "We are the 99 percent," the Occupy activists were "forward-looking people who had been stopped dead in their tracks" by bad economic times.

For a moment, Occupy shook the country. At one point in December 2011, Todd Gitlin points out in Occupy Nation, the movement had branches in one-third of the cities and towns in California. Then it collapsed. But as the political scientist Frances Fox Piven has argued, "The great protest movements of history ... did not expand in the shape of a simple rising arc of popular defiance. Rather, they began in a particular place, sputtered and subsided, only to re-emerge elsewhere in perhaps a different form, influenced by local particularities of circumstance and culture."

It's impossible to know whether the protest against inequality will be such a movement. But the forces that drove it are unlikely to subside. Many young Americans feel that economic unfairness is costing them a shot at a decent life. Such sentiments have long been widespread among the poor. What's new is their prevalence among people who saw their parents achieve-and expected for themselves-some measure of prosperity, the people Chris Hayes calls the "newly radicalized upper-middle class."

If history is any guide, the sentiments behind Occupy will find their way into the political process, just as the anti-Vietnam movement helped create Eugene McCarthy's presidential bid in 1968, and the civil-rights movement bred politicians like Andrew Young, Tom Bradley, and Jesse Jackson. That's especially likely because Occupy's message enjoys significant support among the young. A November 2011 Public Policy Polling survey found that while Americans over 30 opposed Occupy's goals by close to 20 points, Millennials supported them by 12.

Bill de Blasio's mayoral campaign offers a glimpse into what an Occupy-inspired challenge to Clintonism might look like. In important ways, New York politics has mirrored national politics in the Reagan-Clinton era. Since 1978, the mayoralty has been dominated by three men-Ed Koch, Rudy Giuliani, and Michael Bloomberg-who although liberal on many cultural issues have closely identified Wall Street's interests with the city's. During their time in office, New York has become far safer, cleaner, more expensive, and more unequal. In Bloomberg's words, New York is now a "high-end product."

City Council Speaker Christine Quinn, despite her roots on the left as a housing and LGBT activist, became Bloomberg's heir apparent by stymieing bills that would have required businesses to give their employees paid sick leave and mandated a higher minimum wage for companies that receive government subsidies. Early in the campaign, many commentators considered this a wise strategy and anticipated that as New York's first lesbian mayor, Quinn would symbolize the city's unprecedented cultural tolerance while continuing its Clintonian economic policies.

Then strange things happened. First, Anthony Weiner entered the race and snatched support from Quinn before exploding in a blaze of late-night comedy. But when Weiner crashed, his support went not back to Quinn but to de Blasio, the candidate who most bluntly challenged Bloomberg's economic philosophy. Calling it "an act of equalization in a city that is desperately falling into the habit of disparity," de Blasio made his central proposal a tax on people making over $500,000 to fund universal childcare. He also called for requiring developers to build more affordable housing and ending the New York Police Department's "stop and frisk" policies that had angered many African-Americans and Latinos. Bloomberg's deputy mayor Howard Wolfson tweeted that de Blasio's "agenda is clear: higher taxes, bigger govt, more biz mandates. A u-turn back to the 70s."

But in truth, it was Wolfson who was out of date: Fewer and fewer New Yorkers remember the 1970s, when economic stagnation, rising crime, and bloated government helped elect both Ed Koch and Ronald Reagan. What concerns them more today is that, as The New Yorker recently noted, "If the borough of Manhattan were a country, the income gap between the richest twenty per cent and the poorest twenty per cent would be on par with countries like Sierra Leone, Namibia, and Lesotho." In Tuesday's Democratic primary, Quinn defeated de Blasio in those parts of New York where average income tops $175,000 per year. But he beat her by 25 points overall.

Democrats in New York are more liberal than Democrats nationally. Still, the right presidential candidate, following de Blasio's model, could seriously challenge Hillary Clinton. If that sounds far-fetched, consider the last two Democratic presidential primary campaigns. In October 2002, Howard Dean was so obscure that at a Jefferson-Jackson Day dinner, Iowa Sen. Tom Harkin repeatedly referred to him as "John." But in the summer of 2003, running against the Iraq War amidst a field of Washington Democrats who had voted to authorize it, Dean caught fire. In the first quarter of the year he raised just under $3 million, less than one-third of John Kerry's total. In the second quarter, he shocked insiders by beating Kerry and raising over $7 million. In the third quarter, he raised almost $15 million, far more than any Democrat ever had. By November, Harkin, Al Gore, and the nation's two most powerful labor unions had endorsed Dean and he was well ahead in the Iowa polls.

At the last minute, Dean flamed out, undone by harsh attacks from his rivals and his campaign's lack of discipline. Still, he established a template for toppling a Democratic frontrunner: inspire young voters, raise vast funds via small donations over the Web, and attack those elements of Clintonian orthodoxy that are accepted by Democratic elites but loathed by liberal activists on the ground.

In 2008, that became the template for Barack Obama. As late as October 2007, Hillary enjoyed a 33-point lead in national polls. But Obama made her support for the Iraq War a symbol of her alleged timidity in challenging the right-leaning consensus in Washington. As liberals began to see him as embodying the historic change they sought, Obama started raising ungodly amounts via small donors over the Internet, which in turned won him credibility with insiders in Washington. He overwhelmed Hillary Clinton in caucus states, where liberal activists wield greater power. And he overwhelmed her among younger voters. In the 2008 Iowa caucuses, youth turnout rose 30 percent and among voters under the age of 30, Obama beat Hillary by 46 points.

Hillary starts the 2016 race with formidable strengths. After a widely applauded term as secretary of state, her approval rating is 10 points higher than it was when she began running in 2008. Her vote to authorize Iraq will be less of a liability this time. Her campaign cannot possibly be as poorly managed. And she won't have to run against Barack Obama.

Still, Hillary is vulnerable to a candidate who can inspire passion and embody fundamental change, especially on the subject of economic inequality and corporate power, a subject with deep resonance among Millennial Democrats. And the candidate who best fits that description is Elizabeth Warren.

First, as a woman, Warren would drain the deepest reservoir of pro-Hillary passion: the prospect of a female president. While Hillary would raise vast sums, Dean and Obama have both shown that in the digital age, an insurgent can compete financially by inspiring huge numbers of small donations. Elizabeth Warren can do that. She's already shown a knack for going viral. A video of her first Senate banking committee hearing, where she scolded regulators that "too-big-to-fail has become too-big-for-trial," garnered 1 million hits on YouTube. In her 2012 Senate race, despite never before having sought elected office, she raised $42 million, more than twice as much as the second-highest-raising Democrat. After Bill Clinton and the Obamas, no other speaker at last summer's Democratic convention so electrified the crowd.

Warren has done it by challenging corporate power with an intensity Clinton Democrats rarely muster. At the convention, she attacked the "Wall Street CEOs-the same ones who wrecked our economy and destroyed millions of jobs-[who] still strut around Congress, no shame, demanding favors, and acting like we should thank them."

Don't be fooled by Warren's advanced age. If she runs, Millennials will be her base. No candidate is as well positioned to appeal to the young and economically insecure. Warren won her Senate race by eight points overall, but by 30 points among the young. The first bill she introduced in the Senate was a proposal to charge college students the same interest rates for their loans that the Federal Reserve offers big banks. It soon garnered 100,000 hits on YouTube.

A big reason Warren's speech went viral was its promotion by Upworthy, a website dedicated to publicizing progressive narratives. And that speaks to another, underappreciated, advantage Warren would enjoy. Clinton Democrats once boasted a potent intellectual and media infrastructure. In the late 1980s and 1990s, the Democratic Leadership Council and its think tank, the Progressive Policy Institute, were the Democratic Party's hottest ideas shops, and they dedicated themselves to restoring the party's reputation as business-friendly. Influential New Democratic-aligned magazines like The New Republic and Washington Monthly also championed the cause.

Today, that New Democratic infrastructure barely exists. The DLC has closed down. The New Republic and Washington Monthly have moved left. And all the new powerhouses of the liberal media-from Paul Krugman (who was radicalized during the Bush years) to Jon Stewart (who took over The Daily Show in 1999) to MSNBC (which as late as 2008 still carried a show hosted by Tucker Carlson)-believe the Democrats are too soft on Wall Street.

You can see that shift in the race for governor of the Federal Reserve, where the liberal media has ralliedbehind Janet Yellen and against the more Wall Street-identified Larry Summers. In the age of MSNBC, populist Democrats enjoy a media echo chamber that gives them an advantage over pro-business Democrats that did not exist a decade ago. And if Clinton, who liberal pundits respect, runs against Warren, who liberal pundits revere, that echo chamber will benefit Warren.

Of course, Warren might not run. Or she might prove unready for the national stage. (She has no foreign-policy experience). But the youthful, anti-corporate passion that could propel her candidacy will be there either way. If Hillary Clinton is shrewd, she will embrace it, and thus narrow the path for a populist challenger. Just as New York by electing Ed Koch in 1978 foreshadowed a national shift to the right, New York in 2013 is foreshadowing a national shift to the left. The door is closing on the Reagan-Clinton era. It would be ironic if it was a Clinton herself who sealed it shut.

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It comes off too much like an 2016 Elizabeth Warren for president ad. But at least someone has noticed the shift to the left. Here I thought that this shift to the Left started with Obama, but we've seen nothing Left emerge from Obama, just more war and more advantage for the to big to fail Wall Street Banksters. Hence, so much for the 'Hope and Change' that Obama promised. I do hope this lean to the Left holds out...

The shift of the young is really the shift of the young towards accepting people who are DIFFERENT - in ideology, color, social interests, wealth,etc. That's a step forwards, and if that defines to the Left, then Obama is just a minor step on the way - we have lots of great changes to look forward to thru these dark 1% times.

Reagan didn't write "diddly"! His wealthy, self-serving handlers did ALL his writing and he just spoke the lines. He/THEY are the reason for the collapse of America. He and his cronies set us on this path to Oligarchy and "ME Firster-ism" that has been the ruination of America and ALL she once stood for! Until our Congress begins to actually work FOR Americans, NOTHING will change. Sadly, Ayn Rand's "Greed is Good" Bull-Puckey RULES. So, NOTHING has changed on Wall Street, the Rich and the Banksters continue to get Rich while the rest of us swing in the breeze. Pitiful. With luck, I'll be LONG gone before "le deluge" happens here, and it WILL happen if they don't wake up and HELP Americans. Cutting Food Stamps for underprivileged children and Elderly poor, while Larding the Industrial Military Complex over and ABOVE sanity, is NOT the way to help. Hard to believe they can ALL be so collectively BLIND to so much misery.

So far, I've only had time to read the first 2/3 of this article, as I'm post haste heading over to Bend, OR, for a pro-immigrant march/celebration. (Y'all come!)

Anyway, I'm among a seemingly large number of folks who believe the USA has been in a downward spiral for way too long. To the extent Beinart's depiction of the Millennials is correct, I find it very, very encouraging-these young'ns could well be the salvation of this country.

But the Millennials-like all of us-have one enormous challenge, which has seemingly fallen off the radar screen the last few years. That challenge is voter fraud.

Even in Oregon, with our mail in ballots, which are touted as "foolproof", there is potential for easy tampering. I can vouch for that, from my role as the local Democrat's elections monitor.

I'm afraid i don't have any good ideas on how to get back to a decent (decent-not perfect; nothing's perfect) election process. I do wish the issue would get more air time, though.

Malcolm, I think what you really mean is election fraud. There is a difference. Voter fraud is the term that the Republican Party uses to pass these voter suppression laws requiring voter ID cards at the polling precincts. The Republican Party defines voter fraud as people who attempt to vote when they cannot legally vote, people who are non-citizens and/or people who have been convicted of a crime in the past who have lost their right to vote based on state law, mostly states controlled by Republicans.

What you're talking about is election fraud where the state government and the officials who run the elections use various means of suppressing the vote of groups who they do not like or do not support their political party or agenda.

Election fraud also includes the use of these easily corruptible e-voting machines that are designed, manufactured, programmed, and distributed by companies who basically support a specific political party. How you specifically vote using these machines does not guarantee that the machine is tabulating your vote correctly internally. We need to go back to using paper ballots counted by human hands and eyes for honest and accurate elections.

But election fraud has occurred even with paper ballots. Back in Florida in the 2000 presidential election for example, the state under the leadership of Jeb Bush and Catherine Harris hid away boxes and boxes of ballots in Democratic voting districts.

Perhaps someone can explain to me how the new left can overcome the damage to our electoral system by the Repubs in favor of the Repubs ever since G.W. Bush stole the 2000 presidential election?

Let me list some of them:

o The Repubs, ever since Reagan was pres, have succeeded beyond their wildest dreams in taking over the court systems in this country at the national, state & local levels. Bush alone, with the damn foolish support of the Senate Dems, succeeded in placing well over 300 radical political ideologues onto the federal bench, judges whose decisions will support extremist Repub policy.

o Because of the major betrayal by Obama & the Congressional Dems of the their voting base & the independent voters who helped Obama win in 2008 based on his promise of change that we could believe in between Jan of 2009 & Nov of 2010, the Dems not only lost big-time at the national level in 2010, especially in the House of Representatives, but they also lost big-time at the state and local levels as well, a kind of domino effect.

As a consequence of that loss and the 10 year census that took place, the Repubs were able to gerrymander new districts in their states like crazy to almost assure a Repub-controlled House in Washington in future elections.

o The passage of HAVA now mandates that all elections in the U.S. are required to use these corruptible e-voting machines manufactured by companies who favor Repub policy.

Thank you for making some of the points I was planning to make. I would add that the media has now been unashamedly put to the task of furthering corporate agendas, and they are diligently trying to control the internet. I wish I could see some light at the end of the tunnel, but I just don't.

Thank you for making some of the points I was planning to make. I would add that the media has now been unashamedly put to the task of furthering corporate agendas, and they are diligently trying to control the internet. I wish I could see some light at the end of the tunnel, but I just don't.

I forgot to mention two other voter suppression techniques. In those states where the Republicans control the electoral process, they conveniently make sure that those districts which generally vote Democratic are not given an adequate supply of voting machines to handle the amount of people showing up at the polling stations to vote. And to exacerbate that problem, they send voting machines that are defective, ones that are seemingly programmed to breakdown during the day making overcrowding and delays even worse.

I'm not "young" (I campaigned for Stevenson both times), but I don't vote for myself - ever. I vote For equality and opportunity for the young people of the country. We need our youngest to be successful - always.

Its the responsibility of government to make sure the young are prepared to follow their lives as they pass on their position to their kids' generation.

The Occupy movement was an experiment in structureless organization. It worked up to a point because, while there were no "leaders", there were plenty of organizers. This worked again in giving aid to victims of Sandy. Cooperatives and worker-owned enterprises are gaining recognition as alternatives to the present corporation. The ingredients are available for a profound change in our political and economic policies.

"For a moment, Occupy shook the country. At one point in December 2011, Todd Gitlin points out in Occupy Nation, the movement had branches in one-third of the cities and towns in California. Then it collapsed."WTF, Occupy did not collapse, it was killed by the combined forces of federal, state and local shock troops.

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