Articles & Essays

Musings on Pipes, Tobacco and Culture

Out, Damned Spot!

I originally wrote this article
for the now out of print Pipe Friendly Magazine, where it appeared
in Vol. 5 No. 4. This article has now been migrated to the Briar & Leaf
Chronicles for easier searchability, but remains her for legacy links. -glp

For years, I've collected estate
pipes, appreciating their history, the value they represent,
and lamenting the fact that some of the old marques are just
no longer of the same quality they once were. Generally, I've
had excellent luck bringing old pipes back to life, restoring
them to their former aesthetic beauty, and enjoying some wonderful
smokes in them. Sometimes, though, a pipe that can be made beautiful
may not end up being a good smoke. There are myriad reasons for
this, some having to do with the way the pipe was cared for by
its prior owner. If the shank is coated with a thick residue
of tars, if the bowl is soured, if the cake is too think, too
spongy, the pipe won't smoke well. Fortunately, these afflictions
are easy to remedy with the proper application of some alcohol,
some pipe cleaners, and a good reaming.

Other times, it's the memory
of the previous owner's tobacco that lingers in the pipe, invading
the bliss of our own favored smoke, rattling its chains and howling,
each bowl reminding us that the ghost of something else is there,
haunting our pipe. This same thing can happen any time when we
change from one style of tobacco to another, especially from
a heavily flavored aromatic tobacco to a more natural English
style blend. The result can be a less-than-harmonious relationship
with a briar.

After years of experimentation,
I have come up with a promising method for freshening up those
old briars, almost to their virgin state.

This began when someone on
a newsgroup expressed concern about the smell of mothballs in
an antique pipe he had recently acquired. After some thought,
I recommended activated charcoal as the medium of reform. Heat
the bowl, just a little, I told him, and fill it with activated
charcoal. It was just a thought, just an idea, but success was
reported! This became the seed of a more aggressive approach.

My own predilection for unflavored
tobaccos is well known. To my tastes, once a pipe has been tainted
with Chocolate Cherry Jubilee, Raspberry Delight, Vanilla Mango
Swirl, or some such tobacco better suited to being sprinkled
over ice cream than burned in a pipe, it is all but hopeless.
The wood holds on to those flavors and aromas with a death grip
that I have never been able to break, despite years of experimentation
with a variety of methods, both conventional and unorthodox.
Bowls have been filled with salt and alcohol, or packed with
strong tobaccos and left to sit for weeks in a warm corner of
the room. Even reaming the cake back to bare wood and swabbing
with countless alcohol soaked pipe cleaners, while muttering
arcane incantations under the full moon has never rewarded me
with complete success.

The fact is that every thing
I've tried has resulted in some improvement leaving me with the
hope that the next bowl will be the one that is finally
free from possession by the ghost, but about half way through
the smoke, the chains always seem to rattle again. Even after
several years of smoking one particular pipe somewhat frequently,
it still shows signs of its prior Vanilla-loving owner. (There's
nothing inferior about aromatic tobaccos, but they do have the
tenacity of a Leopard Gecko, and do not belong in MY pipe, or
in any pipe that is destined to become MY pipe!)

Any strong tobacco leaves its
signature in a pipe. Latakia and Perique are notorious, indeed,
but so are full bodied Virginias, and those topped with additional
flavorings are particularly pervasive. However, in my experience,
natural tobaccos, even Latakia, will always smoke out of a pipe
within a dozen bowls or so. Not so most heavily flavored aromatics!

The aromatic components of
natural tobaccos are more volatile than those of artificially
flavored aromatics, and are more easily smoked out of the pipe.
Heavily cased aromatics, on the other hand, seem to permeate
farther in to the cake and even into the structure of the wood
itself, making eradication problematic. I've had pipes that were
so thoroughly saturated with aromatic components, that they were
easily detectable on the outside of the bowl, once the pipe was
warm from smoking.

Why does this happen? As a
pipe is smoked, the heating of the wood causes the small capillaries
to open, and moisture, one of the byproducts of combustion, is
wicked away into the pores of the wood. Briar, and indeed all
wood, is more absorbent when warm than when cool. I believe this
is why most techniques to date make so little difference; in
order to reverse the process, the wood must be heated to a temperature
at least approaching that attained while smoking. This would
both open the "pores," and volatilize the organic esters
that are responsible for aroma and flavor. Further, something
must be present to absorb, or adsorb, the volatile compounds
that are liberated. Of course, care must be taken not to damage
the briar in any way.

At least, that's the theory.

So, How to Fix It?

I have a lovely old GBD from
which I had never been able to get a good smoke. Dozens of bowls
of very full Latakia mixtures were smoked, but years of Fruit
Loops had left an apparently indelible mark on the pipe's flavor.
Raspberry and Latakia are poor bedfellows. Ever tenacious, I
continued on my quest for a way to banish the demon. Even considering
the possibility that something could go horribly wrong, sacrificing
this pipe to science seemed a relatively small price to pay if
the result was a method that actually works. With this in mind,
I proceeded with my experimentation.

With stalwart determination,
I reamed the pipe almost back to bare wood, pre-heated my electric
oven to 220°F, and turned it off. After removing the pipe's
stem, I filled the bowl with activated charcoal pellets purchased
from the local aquarium supply shop. Placing the pipe on a soft
towel in the oven, I left it to sit while the oven cooled - about
an hour. The first "sniff test" showed some improvement,
but was not 100% successful. I thought, perhaps, the compounds
were somehow migrating back into the wood as it cooled.

I reheated the oven, placed
fresh charcoal in the bowl, and tried again, this time removing
the pipe after about 30 minutes. No perceptible difference was
detected from the first experiment.

A couple of conversations with
Trever Talbert, friend, pipesmith extraordinaire, and constant
experimenter with briar, provided an important piece of information;
briar heats very slowly. He explained that it could take several
hours for a piece of briar's temperature gradient to reach equilibrium
with the ambient temperature. Clearly, my pipe's short stint
in the Sauna was insufficient to do the job.

I reheated the oven, this time
setting the thermostat to 180°F, knowing from my tests that
the temperature in my empty oven would vary between about 180°F
and a bit over 200°F, well below the temperature at which
the briar would scorch. Stemless and empty, I placed the bowl
on its towel in the oven, on the upper rack, far away from the
source of radiant heat, where it would be left to sit for three
hours.

After removing the now hot
pipe, I filled the bowl with the activated charcoal, and placed
it back in the oven for an additional three hours. When the pipe
was finally removed, and emptied of the charcoal, there was absolutely
no trace of its prior "scent." Could this be success?
The proof of the method would be in the smoking.

After allowing the pipe to
cool overnight, the stem was refitted, the bowl filled with a
favored blend, delicate enough to allow any vestigial flavors
from the pipe to come through clearly. I sat down to experience
the fruits of my labors. Success! Only at the very bottom of
the bowl was a slight hint of the previous aroma, and this disappeared
completely after a couple of smokes.

Pleased with this result and
finding a few pipes in my collection needing similar help I went
to work. One by one, in the name of science, these pipes were
given new life. Even the worst of them was rendered downright
pleasant tasting after a few hours in the oven.

Among a dozen experiments,
there was one minor casualty - a pipe with a lacquer finish of
some sort. The finish bubbled and flaked from the pipe in some
spots, leaving it pockmarked and rather unattractive (read ugly).
This required some minor cosmetic restoration - removing the
finish, buffing the wood, and applying a nice coat of hard Carnuba
wax. Overall, not a high price to pay for the wonderful positive
effects of the "cure."

On the other hand, pipes with
a wax finish needed nothing but quick rubbing with a soft flannel
to bring back their beautiful luster and patina.

The Caveats

Though I've tried this on numerous
pipes, with a great deal of success, and no damage to report,
there is some risk involved in the procedure. Caution is the
word of the day, and it's probably wise to start with pipes that
are of little value before proceeding to those cherished high
grades. Care must be taken to ensure proper control of temperature,
and an accurate thermometer is required. I have only performed
this procedure using an electric oven, and have no idea how the
different heat and humidity characteristics of a gas oven will
effect the process, or the pipe.

Obviously, the stem must be
removed from the pipe before the pipe is put in the oven. Any
pipe with special shank treatments must be examined on an individual
basis. The heat could melt many plastics, and would likely compromise
the bonds of any glue used to hold rings, bands and other adornments.

Activated charcoal comes in
several forms. I've had good success with the pellets used in
aquarium filters. The powdered form would also work, but is messier
and more difficult to deal with. Another type takes the form
of small crystals, which would perform similarly to the pellets.

For temperature measurements,
I use a digital thermometer with a remote probe that can be left
in the oven near the pipe. These can be purchased from any good
kitchen supply store for about $20, and some have a settable
temperature alarm. I recommend buying one of these if you are
planning on experimenting with this technique.

Finally, it takes a long time
for the briar to cool off, to stabilize after the treatment.
Don't try to force the stem back in too soon. If it's tight,
wait a few hours, a day, or even a few days. Don't force it!
The briar is dry, and likely more brittle than usual after this
treatment. Once the stem fits as it did before the treatment,
the pipe is ready to smoke.

If you decide to try this,
please proceed with care, and at your own risk. Neither the original
publisher nor I accept responsibility for damaged pipes! I'd
love to hear of your results. Please feel free to drop me a note
at glp@glpease.com.

Addendum:

Bold explorer Will Webb wrote to share
his experiences with this method on a couple of old Comoys that
have a metal ring internal to the shank. This type of ring is
present in some earlier pipes, most notably some Royals, early
Grand Slams and some Virgins with the special "plumbing"
fitment that Comoy developed. He was concerned about the effects
of this ring on the shank during the treatment, but was pleased
to report success! No damage occurred, and all is well. He has
noticed that it sometimes requires several days of rest after
the "cure" before he can put the stems back in, and
cautions that forcing the stem is a very bad idea.
Apparently, in a previous experiment with this technique, poor
Will lost a pipe to a shattered shank (that's gotta' hurt). This
time, he waited long enough for the wood to stabilize, and everything
went well. His flea market finds are now favorite smokers! Thanks
for the update, Will!