Will robots see with fly eyes? Bugs inspire new high-tech camera

Scientists have built a digital camera with a hemispherical, compound design inspired by eyes found in the insect world, according to a new paper in Nature.

Scientists have built a digital camera with a hemispherical, compound design inspired by eyes found in the insect world, according to a new paper in Nature. (University of Illinois and Beckman Institute)

Flies' multifaceted eyes have long allowed them to elude frustrated swatters from all directions. Now, inspired by insects' vision, researchers have built a digital camera with an array of tiny lenses lining a bulging eyeball, allowing an undistorted, nearly 180-degree view.

All vertebrate animals (including humans) possess single-lens, rather flat eyes that are great at picking up light and offering high spatial resolution. But unlike vertebrates, most creatures see the world through compound eyes, which use an array of primitive eyes arranged in a highly domed structure that gives them a panoramic view, proving handy for detecting movement and escaping predators from many different directions.

"I’ve just been intrigued by the insect world for as long as I can remember, starting as a little kid," said study lead author John Rogers, a materials scientist a the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. "And if you think about an insect as an engineered system, the level of sophistication and the capabilities are just off the charts, compared to anything you’d find in a man-made system."

To mimic the fly eye, the researchers took a stretchy layer embedded with 180 lenses, placed it over another layer filled with photodetectors, and essentially blew it up like a balloon. Rigid connections kept the individual lenses firmly attached to their photodetectors while the stretchy material around them allowed the fake eyeball to take the desired shape, giving it about a 160-degree view.

The researchers' mechanical bug eye isn’t yet a top-of-the-line model: It contains 180 lenses, about the same number in the eyes in fire ants and bark beetles, which don’t have great vision. The dragonfly eye, by contrast, contains about 28,000.

But with a few more improvements and a lot more lenses, this fly-eye camera could one day be put to the test in medical devices that need to see inside the body and even tiny flying rescue robots to navigate perilous environments, such as a collapsed, smoking building after an earthquake.

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