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This part of EN 50126 - considers the safety-related generic aspects of the RAMS life-cycle. The guidance in this part is still applicable in the application of specific standards; - defines methods and tools which are independent of the actual technology of the systems and subsystems, whilst following EN 50126-4 and EN 50126-5 are related to E/E/PE internal systems/subsystems; - provides: - the user of the standard with the understanding of the system approach to safety which is a key concept of EN 50126; - methods to derive the safety requirements and their safety integrity requirements for the system and to apportion it to the subsystems, be it for hardware or software; - provides guidance and methods for the following areas: - system life-cycles as applicable to generic and specific applications, and to the generic products; - systems safety assurance; - risk assessment process; - risk management process; - application of risk acceptance principles and criteria; - safety integrity concept.- provides the user with the methods to assure safety with respect to the system under consideration and its interactions. Examples are guidance on safety integrity by the apportionment amongst the various parts of a system or a method to derive the safety related role of software as a precondition to apply EN 50126-5; - enables the user to define the system under consideration, to identify the interfaces and the interactions of this system with its subsystems or other systems and to conduct the risk analysis; - addresses railway specifics; - does not define: - RAMS targets, quantities, requirements or solutions for specific railway applications; - rules or processes pertaining to the certification of railway products against the requirements of this standard; - an approval process by the safety authority. - does not specify requirements for ensuring system security. This part 2 of EN 50126 is applicable - to all systems under consideration - as regards safety - within the entire railway system and the stakeholders involved; - to the specification and demonstration of safety for all railway applications and at all levels of such an application, as appropriate, from complete railway systems to major systems and to individual and combined sub-systems and components within these major systems, including those containing software; in particular: - to new systems; - to new systems integrated into existing systems in operation prior to the creation of this standard, although it is not generally applicable to other aspects of the existing system; - for modifications of existing systems in operation prior to the creation of this standard, although it is not generally applicable to other aspects of the existing system; - at all relevant phases of the life-cycle of an application; - for use by railway duty holders and the railway suppliers. It is not required to apply this standard to existing systems including those systems already compliant with any version of former EN 50126, EN 50128 or EN 50129, which remain unmodified. Railway applications mean Command, Control & Signalling, Rolling Stock and Electric Power Supply for Railways (Fixed Installations). In this standard the term hardware refers to E/E/PE components or systems. If non-E/E/PE hardware is meant, this is specifically mentioned.