PARASITE-S
Formalin (aqueous Formaldehyde solution)
For control of External Protozoa and Monogenetic Trematodes on all Finfish and External Protozoans
on Penaeid Shrimp; and for control of Fungi on all Finfish eggs.

Description

PARASITE-S is the aqueous solution of formaldehyde gas (this is equivalent to formalin 37% or37grams of formaldehyde in 100mLof solution). U.S.P. grade PARASITE-S contains not less than37% (by weight) of formaldehyde gas per weight of water and 6 to 14% methanol. In solution, formaldehydeis present chiefly as HO(CH20)H. Its molecular weight is 30.93. PARASITE-S is readilymiscible with water, methanol, and ethanol and is slightly soluble in ether. It is a clear, colorlessliquid (Heyden Newport Chemical Corporation, 1961).

Indications for Use

1. Parasiticide for Finfish: for the control of external protozoa (Chilodonella spp., Ichthyobodo spp., Epistylis spp., Ichthyophthirius spp., Ambiphrya spp. and Trichodina spp.), and the monogenetic trematode parasites (Cleidodiscus spp., Dactylogyrus spp., and Gyrodactylus spp.).2. Parasiticide for Penaeld Shrimp: for the control of external protozoan parasites (Bodo spp., Epistylis spp., and Zoothamnium spp.).3. Fungicide for Finflsh Eggs: for the control of fungi of the family Saprolegniaceae.

Directions for Use

1. Parasiticide for Finfish* Microliter per liter (μL/L) = parts per million (ppm).** Use the lower concentration when ponds, tanks or raceways are heavily loaded with phytoplankton,or fish, to avoid oxygen depletion due to the biological oxygen demand created bydecay of dead phytoplankton. Alternatively, a higher concentration might be used if dissolvedoxygen is strictly monitored.*** Although the indicated concentrations are considered safe for cold and warm water finfish, asmall number of each lot or pond to be treated should always be used to check for any unusualsensitivity to formalin before proceeding.2. Parasiticide for Penaeld Shrimp* Microliter per liter (μL/L) = parts per million (ppm).** Treat for up to 4 hours daily. Treatment may be repeated daily until parasite control is achieved.Use the lower concentration when ponds, tanks or raceways are heavily loaded with phytoplankton,or shrimp, to avoid oxygen depletion due to the biological oxygen demand created bydecay of dead phytoplankton. Alternatively, a higher concentration might be used if dissolvedoxygen is strictly monitored.*** Treatment may be repeated in 5 to 10 days, if needed3. Fungicide for Finfish Eggs* Microliter per liter (μL/L) = parts per million (ppm).** Apply in constant flow water supply of incubating facilities. A preliminary bioassay should beconducted on a small subsample of fish eggs to determine sensitivity before treating an entiregroup. This is necessary for all species because egg sensitivity can vary with species or strainand the unique conditions at each facility.

Methods of Application

APPLICATION TO TANKS AND RACEWAYS -Turn off water supply, provide aeration, apply appropriate amount of PARASITE-S, and thoroughly dilute and mix to assure equal distribution ofPARASITE-S. Treat for up to 1 hour for fish and up to 4 hours for penaeid shrimp, then drain thesolution and refill the tank with fresh, well-aerated water. While tank is under treatment, adequateoxygen must be present to maintain the fish or shrimp. If needed. aeration should be provided toprevent oxygen depletion. Treatments may be repeated daily until parasite control is achieved.APPLICATION TO PONDS - Apply greatly diluted PARASITE-S to the pond evenly using a pump,sprayer, boat bailer, or other suitable device to assure even distribution. Allow PARASITE-S to dissipatenaturally. Single treatments usually control most parasites, but may be repeated in 5 to 10 days ifneeded. Treatments for Ichthyophthirius should be made at 2-day intervals until control is achieved.APPLICATION TO EGG INCUBATORS - Apply PARASITE-S into a constant water supply flowingaround the eggs. A drip or pressure system should be used and timed. Apply PARASITE-S underthe surface of the water flow.

WITHDRAWAL TIME
Zero days.

Warning

Striped bass have been demonstrated to be hypersensitive to formalin; lethal toxicity has beennoted to occur at levels approximately 2-3 times the recommended therapeutic concentration.

DANGER POISON

User Safety Warnings

Exposure to high concentrations of formaldehyde vapor causes severe respiratory irritationwhich can be life-threatening. Lower vapor levels can cause irritation to the eyes, respiratorytract, and skin. Swallowing formaldehyde can be life-threatening. Formaldehyde is an irritantwhen splashed on skin or Into the eyes. It can cause severe eye damage, even blindness.

Keep out of reach of children.

Use only with adequate ventilation.

Keep container tightly closed when not in use.

May aggravate a pre-existing asthmatic condition and allergic rhinitis.

Moderate fire and explosion hazard exists when exposed to heat or flame.

Potential Cancer Hazard: Formaldehyde vapor may be carcinogenic if inhaled. Use applicablesafety protection. (Note: This drug, used as labeled, does not cause formaldehydetissue residues in fish).

Employers: Refer to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulation 29CFR 1910.1048 for human safety guidance that may be applicable to your specific operation.OSHA’s “action level” concentration for airborne formaldehyde is 0.5 part per million(ppm), calculated as an 8 hour time-weighted average (TWA). Use respiratory, skin, and eyeprotection when needed (refer to OSHA’s regulation 29 CFR 1910.1048). OSHA’s airborneexposure limits (without use of a respirator) for formaldehyde shall not exceed 1) 0.75 partper million (ppm) as an 8-hour, time-weighted average (TWA) or 2) 2 parts per million (ppm)as a 15-minute, short term exposure limit (STEL). NOTE: The odor of formaldehyde in the aircan generally be detected at about 0.5 to 0.8 ppm (range about 0.05 to 1 ppm).

User Exposure Emergency Aid

INHALATION (Breathing): Get medical aid immediately. Remove victim from exposurewearing protective clothing and respiratory protection appropriate to the type and degree ofcontamination. Move victim to fresh air immediately. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. DONOT use mouth-to-mouth respiration. If breathing has ceased, induce artificial respirationwith the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratorymedical device.

INGESTION (Swallowing): DO NOT induce vomiting. If the person is conscious, dilute,inactivate, or absorb the formaldehyde by giving milk, activated charcoal, or water. Getmedical help immediately. If vomiting occurs, keep head lower than hips.

EYE CONTACT: Immediately flush eye(s) with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes,lifting the lower and upper eyelids occasionally, until no evidence of chemical remains.Seek medical attention immediately. DO NOT allow victim to rub eyes or keep eyes closedfor burns to eyes may have a delayed effect.

SKIN CONTACT: Remove contaminated clothing (including shoes) immediately. Wash affectedarea of body with soap and large amounts of water until no evidence of chemicalremains (at least 15 minutes). If there are chemical burns, or appreciable eye or respiratoryirritation, get medical help immediately.

Precautions

Store PARASITE-S indoors away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and open flames, andventilate storage area. Do not subject PARASITE-S to temperatures below 40°F (4.4°C).PARASITE-S subjected to temperatures below 40°F causes the formation of paraformaldehyde,a substance which is toxic to fish. Paraformaldehyde can be recognized as a whiteprecipitate at the bottom or on the walls of the container.

Tolerance to PARASITE-S may vary with strain and species of fish, eggs and shrimp. Whilethe indicated concentrationaare considered safe for the indicated use, a smallnumber ofeach lot to be treated should be used to check for any unusual sensitivity to PARASITE-Sbefore proceeding.

Under some conditions, fish or penaeid shrimp may be stressed by normal treatment concentrations.Heavily parasitized or diseased fish or penaeid shrimp often have a greatlyreduced tolerance to PARASITE-S. Such animals do not tolerate the normal tank treatmentregimen the first time they are treated. Therefore, time and dosage may need to be reduced.If they show evidence of distress (by piping at the surface), the solution should be removedand replaced with fresh, well aerated water. Careful observations should always be madethroughout the treatment period whenever tank or raceway treatments are made. Treatmentshould never exceed 1 hour for fish or 4 hours for penaeid shrimp (even if they show no signof distress), nor should it exceed 15 minutes for fish eggs.

Do not apply PARASITE-S to fish ponds, tanks or raceways with water warmer than 27°C(80°F) when a heavy bloom of phytoplankton is present, or when the concentration of dissolvedoxygen is less than 5 mg/L (5 ppm). Do not apply to penaeid shrimp ponds when theconcentration of the dissolved oxygen is less than 3 to 4 mg/L (ppm). PARASITE-S may killphytoplankton and can cause depletion of dissolved oxygen. If an oxygen depletion occurs,add fresh, well-aerated water to dilute the solution and to provide oxygen.

Because formalin may harm a biofilter, biofilters should be bypassed during treatment, andthe system should be flushed and replaced with untreated water before reconnecting thebiofilter.

Do not use PARASITE-S in a tank, pond or raceway in which methylene blue, or other dyeswhich are absorbed, have been recently used

Environmental Precautions

Do not discharge the contents of fish treatment tanks into natural streams or ponds withoutthorough dilution (greater than or equal to 10X). Do not discharge the contents of egg treatmenttanks without a 100X dilution. This will avoid damage to PARASITE-S sensitive phytoplankton,zooplankton, and fish populations and avoid depletion of dissolved oxygen.

Formaldehyde is identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a toxic pollutantand hazardous substance and is required by regulation (40 CFR, Part 122) to be identifiedas a discharge for NPDES permits for aquatic animal production facilities, aquacultureprojects and other facilities. Formaldehyde is subject to SARA Title Ill, Section 313 reporting.

Use, storage, and disposal of this product must be handled in accordance with applicablelocal, state and Federal laws.