Chapter 1: Objectives, Targets and Strategy
Introduction1.1 The Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07) is being prepared against a backdrop of high expectations arising from some aspects of the recent performance. GDP growth in the postreforms period has improved from an average of about 5.7% in the 1980s to an average of about 6.5% in the Eighth and Ninth Plan periods, making India one of the ten fastest growing developing countries. Encouraging progress has also been made in other dimensions. The percentage of the population in poverty has continued to decline, even if not as much as was targeted. Population growth has decelerated below 2% for the first time in four decades. Literacy has increased from 52% in 1991 to 65% in 2001 and the improvement is evident in all States. Sectors such as software services, entertainment and IT enabled services have emerged as new sources of strength creating confidence about India’s potential to be competitive in the world economy. 1.2 These positive developments are, however, clouded by other features which give cause for concern. The economy is currently in a decelerating phase and urgent steps are needed to arrest the deceleration and restore momentum. This reversal is all the more difficult because it has to take place in an environment where the world economy is slowing down. There are several aspects of development where our progress is clearly disappointing. Although employment growth has almost kept pace with the labour force growth, the incidence of unemployment on Current Daily Status basis is relatively high at above 7%. More than half of the children 1-5 years old in rural areas are under-nourished, with girl children suffering even more severe malnutrition. The infant mortality rate has stagnated at 72 per 1000 for the last several years. As many as 60 per cent of rural households and about 20 per cent of urban households do not have a power connection. Only 60 per cent of urban households have taps within their homes, and far fewer have latrines inside the house. Deterioration in urban environment, increase in slum population, and in air, river and water pollution has vastly affected the quality of life of the urban poor. Land and forest degradation in the rural areas, and over-exploitation of groundwater is seriously threatening sustainability of food production. The decline in the juvenile sex ratio over the last decade,...

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...The ApproachPaper to the TenthFiveYearPlan aims at stepping up the growth rate of GDP to eight percent per annum over the Plan period 2002-2007. It also proposes to establish specific monitorable targets covering economic, social and environmental dimensions of human development. These include targets on reduction in poverty ratio, access to primary education, raising literacy rate, decline in infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate, raising employment growth rate, improving coverage of villages in terms of access to potable drinking water, reducing gender gaps in literacy and wage rates, cleaning of major polluted river stretches, increase in forest cover and reducing the decadal population growth rate.
The TenthPlan envisages a State wise break up of growth and other monitorable targets to build up requisite focus for reducing regional disparities in social and economic attainments. It proposes to integrate growth with equity and social justice. This would involve making agriculture development a core element of the Plan. It involves bringing about rapid growth in sectors with high quality employment opportunities. It also envisages restructuring of targeted programmes, emphasising cross sectoral synergies, for special groups. The underlying strategy for the attainment of Plan...

...Origin
Fiveyearplans were first introduced in the erstwhile Soviet Union in 1928 for controlled and rapid economic development. Much of the Soviet industrial successes are a result of the implementation of its fiveyearplans. In 1950, India’s prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, impressed by the Soviet system, adopted fiveyearplans as a model for economic development, and established the Planning Commission which was to act independent of any cabinet and was answerable only to the Prime Minister, who is also Chairperson of the commission. Draft plans were to be approved by the National Development Council, comprising the Planning Commission and the Chief Ministers of all states. An approved plan is then passed by the cabinet and then in Parliament.
The benefits of fiveyear planning, especially in a country as big and unpredictable as India, have been questioned by many, and it has often been seen that targets are not met. This method has still not been able to successfully get rid of poverty and the cost overruns in failed or incomplete public sector projects are often too high. Be that as it may, fiveyearplans are still a good yardstick to determine investment and policy priorities.
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This performance reflects the strength of our economy and the dynamism of the private sector in many areas. Yet, it is also true that economic growth has failed to be sufficiently inclusive, particularly after the mid - 1990s.
Agriculture lost its growth momentum from that point on and subsequently entered a near crisis situation. Jobs in the organized sector have not increased despite faster growth. The percentage of our population below the poverty line is declining but only at a modest pace.
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Stalin’s FiveYearPlans
Around 60 million people died in World War 2 (World War par.1). In the end, the Allied Powers won. What would have happened if America had lost? In August of 1939, Russia and Germany signed a nonaggression pact that kept Russia from entering the war on either side. It was not until June 22, 1941 that German forces invaded Russia. Russia almost fell to the Nazis and if such a thing had occurred the result of the war could have been very different. The Nazis quickly claimed crucial victories when they invaded Russia. It was the harsh winter that stopped the army right before they entered Moscow. In that time, the armies of Russian soldiers fought back and were able to protect the capital (Nor 5). Twenty years before Russia was a severely agrarian society. They farmed on outdated equipment and did not have sufficient factories to have ever supported the manufacturing of weapons and supplies for a whole army. In 1928, Joseph Stalin rose to the significant power of second only to Vladimir Lenin, who later died. When Lenin died Stalin eliminated his rivals and was the uncontested leader of Russia. When he rose to power, he saw that “…Russia was far behind the west and that she would have to modernize her economy very quickly if she was to survive” (Stalin par. 2). So, he created several effective and ruthless fiveyearplans to...

...India's FiveYearPlans: All at a Glance
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This topic will help to get a glimpse of all fiveyearplans till now and recommended for students/ aspirants of SBI Clerical Exams going to be held shortly. For more details please visit Planning Commission of India's website here
Planning Commission (Estb. 1950)
In March 1950, Government of India constituted a statutory body with the Prime Minister of India as its Chairman-called the Planning Commission. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Planning Commission.
National Planning Council (Estb. 1965)
It is an advisory body attached to the Planning Commission and was established in 1965. It includes experts representing a cross-section of the Indian economy.
National Development Council (Estb. 1951)
Chief Ministers of the states, together with the members of the Planning Commission, constitute the National Development Council. The Prime Minister of India presides over the Council.
FiveYearPlans
The development plans are drawn by the Planning Commission to establish India's economy on a socialistic pattern in successive phases of fiveyear Periods-called the FiveYearPlans. The organisation was set up to formulate basic economic policies,...