Fourth World Eye Blog » Peoplehttp://cwis.org/FWE
An Online Daily Journal of the Center for World Indigenous StudiesSat, 21 Mar 2015 14:54:02 +0000en-UShourly1http://wordpress.org/?v=3.6Rama & Gran Canal Lunacyhttp://cwis.org/FWE/2015/01/07/rama-gran-canal-lunacy/
http://cwis.org/FWE/2015/01/07/rama-gran-canal-lunacy/#commentsWed, 07 Jan 2015 19:12:28 +0000Rudolph C. Rÿser, Ph.D.http://cwis.org/FWE/?p=3550The Rama people in southeastern Atlantic Coast Nicaragua are located in the path of a deep water canal to connect the Caribbean with the Pacific Ocean. The states of Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia are supporting Nicaragua’s bid to build the Gran Canal with Chinese army financial support. A front for the Chinese army in Hong Kong (HK Nicaragua Canal Development Investment Co. Ltd [HKND Group]) was selected by Nicaragua’s Daniel Ortega to build this $40 billion canal

The traditional community of Bangkukuk speaks out in opposition to the Gran Canal. The Canal plans cut through Rama Territory and if built will destroy pristine tropical forests as well as Rama communities. This promises to be a bio-cultural disaster in the making only to produce money for the Chinese, enhance Chinese power and make a few Hong Kong and Nicaraguan investors rich.

See where the people, the land and the water ways will be dramatic damaged. Nicaragua’s Daniel Ortega is opposed by many in his own government, yet he presses on to seek development of the canal. WHY? Political power and Money I venture to suggest!

The governments of Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Nicaragua appear to be captured by neo-liberal economic ideology and will seek power and money at the expense of people and the land. All of the investors must be exposed for the crimes they are about to commit. When ideology commands the thinking of states’ government leaders or Fourth World nations’ government leaders the people and the land are the losers. Life sustaining biological diversity and cultural diversity must now stop this ideological stupidity. All of us must for our own sake act to stop the Gran Canal Lunacy.

With about 200 indigenous peoples’ observers and states’ delegations attending in limited numbers, the three hour session heard speeches from the President of the General Assembly Mr. Sam Kutesa, Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, Bolivia’s President Evo Morales Ayma, Mexico’s President Enrique Peña Nieto and the Presidents of Finland for the Western European Group of states) and President of the Republic of Congo for the African States.

Chief Oren Lyons of the Onondaga Nation Council of Chiefs returned to the United Nations podium after fourteen years to deliver to repeat his call for respect of Mother Earth as the essential measure to ensure the future of the next seven generations of people. Chief Lyons was followed by the President of the Sami Parliament Aili Keskitaio and then Dr. Dalee Sambo Dorough, Chair of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.

Dr. Sambo issued a powerful call to the United Nations to recognize that though the Outcome Statement for the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples is not “law” it “must be interpreted against the backdrop of international law” principles embedded in the language of the document. Indeed, as was the case of the UN Declaration on Human Rights guided into international conciousness by Eleanor Roosevelt. International treaties and other conventions quickly followed to implement the UN Human Rights Declaration–so must such formal treaties follow adoption of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and now the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples Outcome Document.

While the Holy See and Canada add initial blemishes to the significantly compromised though workable WCIP Outcome Document Indigenous nations must now recognize the importance of this moment to strengthen their efforts to engage their sister nations in dialogue as well as the states’ governments. Now is the time to begin planning and developing an international protocol for both Fourth World governments and UN Member states to enact into law implementing the principles and mandates of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the WCIP Outcome Document Resolution A/69.L.1. A new international protocol must top the list of priorities for the 2015 United Nations Agenda.

]]>http://cwis.org/FWE/2014/09/22/un-adopts-wcip-outcome/feed/0Oil War in South Sudanhttp://cwis.org/FWE/2013/12/24/oil-war-in-south-sudan/
http://cwis.org/FWE/2013/12/24/oil-war-in-south-sudan/#commentsTue, 24 Dec 2013 17:20:26 +0000Rudolph C. Rÿser, Ph.D.http://cwis.org/FWE/?p=3249As I wrote a hopeful post about the coming independence of South Sudan (population: 11,090,000) in February 2011 I warily pointed to soldiers from what became South Sudan who had fought against the South as members of the Sudanese Army, I worried about the decision to integrate these opposing soldiers into the South Sudanese Armed Forces. My concern at the time had much to do with the prospects of violence resulting from continued meddling by Sudan in South Sudanese affairs through the military and the potential problems that would arise from failing to fully spread political power among all of the different peoples comprising the new state. Nearly three years since independence, the wrestling for power syndrome that virtually always accompanies the formation of an independent state has raised its ugly head in the violent contest between the current president and the former vice president. The nations of South Sudan did take steps to form a government with representation of virtually all of the 80 different peoples. But externally induced interference in South Sudan’s fragile democracy has proved stronger with the barrel of a gun.

Despite the public media’s wide-mouthed reports of “tribal war” the truth is that the new state’s monopoly of military power has been countered by the former vice president’s militarized political party that may indeed be directly or indirectly supported by the government of Sudan. The matter at stake is OIL in the northern states of South Sudan…OIL that the Sudan government was loath to lose as a result of South Sudan’s acendency to independence. The violence apparently emerging in South Sudan is nothing more or less than an attempt to destabilize South Sudan and over throw the current government by violence. As the map below illustrates, the main oil fields between Sudan and South Sudan are in northern South Sudan. The pipeline infrastructure is predominatly Sudan’s.

This is not a “tribal war!” This is a war that did not stop after independence between Sudan and the peoples of South Sudan. This was an interstate war and it remains so though it is now shrouded in BBC, NYT and other news outlet stories of tribal warfare. While this makes for a good story, the reality remains that the present clashes reflect the desires of a few using military means to gain full and effective control over oil.

Dinka (4.64 million), Nuer (1.72 million), Azande (713 thousand), Bari (508 thousand), Shiluk/Anwak (381 thousand) and at least 76 other indigenous nations (numbering from 600 people to thousands) have long lived next to each other in what is now South Sudan and in pre-independence days demonstrated their dominance as distinct peoples of South Sudan. They voted in overwhelming numbers to become an independent state.

As one can readily see, the nations of South Sudan (particularly the Dinka) sit on strategically important oil reserves and extraction sites while Arab dominated Sudan is mostly desert with very limited resources. The South is rich with many resources and the militant forces of Sudan remain adamant in their desire to control the strategic resources of the South.

There is no doubt that civilian members of many of the indigenous nations of the South have suffered and continue to suffer, but that circumstance does not make this a tribal war. When states monopolize the instruments of violence as they do, indigenous nations are often the victims of that violence.

The border between Sudan and South Sudan is easily overcome. When the coniving forces of Sudan reach into the military, government and populations of South Sudan, we actually see an externally induced conflict that is intended to reward the government in Khartoum. To stop this war, a major effort must be initiated by African States and other UN members to block infiltration of South Sudan by Sudan and thus eliminate the violent materials that now contribute to supporting a disgruntled former vice president.

]]>http://cwis.org/FWE/2013/12/24/oil-war-in-south-sudan/feed/0Dina Gilio-Whitaker Joins FWE & CWIS Researchhttp://cwis.org/FWE/2012/12/11/dina-gilio-whitaker/
http://cwis.org/FWE/2012/12/11/dina-gilio-whitaker/#commentsTue, 11 Dec 2012 17:16:57 +0000Rudolph C. Rÿser, Ph.D.http://cwis.org/FWE/?p=2970Dina Gilio-Whitaker joins contributors to the Fourth World Eye with a background in American Indian culture, education and history with a Masters degree in Native American Studies and American Studies from the University of New Mexico. Her research interests emphasize decolonization theory, indigenous environmental justice, and international indigenous issues. As an undergraduate she graduated summa cum laude, and graduated with distinction from her master’s program.

Though she lives in Southern California Dina is a member of the Colville Confederated Tribes where she lives as a freelance writer. She is a frequent op ed and story contributor to Indian Country Today news magazine, appeared on Huffington Post, Indianz.com and she is an accomplished essayist and American Indian artist.

She is deeply interested not only in how the processes of history has affected today’s American Indian people, but in how those processes play out in American history narratives. Histories are subject to change depending on the particular historical moment, who is telling the history, and for what reason. She says, “American historical narratives of American Indians have been incomplete but fortunately are being filled in by Native people themselves, giving a much more nuanced and accurate understanding of American history.” Dina’s contributions to the FWE promise to enlighten and inform readers.

We welcome Dina as a contributor to the Fourth World Eye and we also welcome Dina as a new Research Associate at the Center for World Indigenous Studies.

]]>http://cwis.org/FWE/2012/12/11/dina-gilio-whitaker/feed/0Aymara Delegation Visits Centerhttp://cwis.org/FWE/2012/07/04/aymara-delegation-visits-center/
http://cwis.org/FWE/2012/07/04/aymara-delegation-visits-center/#commentsWed, 04 Jul 2012 16:38:35 +0000Rudolph C. Rÿser, Ph.D.http://cwis.org/FWE/?p=2792A delegation of education and cultural leaders from Bolivia sponsored by the US Department of State People-to-People Program met for a briefing at the Center for World Indigenous Studies on 3 July 2012. Dr. Rudolph Ryser, Dr. Leslie Korn and Marlene Bremner met the delegation.

As a part of an ongoing collaboration between the Center for World Indigenous Studies and the World Affairs Council (in cooperation with the US Department of State) the Center’s Chair, Dr. Rudolph Ryser, engaged in a two hour colloquy with members of a delegation visiting the United States from the Plurainational State of Bolivia. Traveling to venues throughout the United States, the delegation included representatives from Aymara and Quechua communities concerned with the development of relations with Indian nations in the US and exploring methods for improving hemispheric cooperation. The talks ranged from discussions about the Museo Nacional de etngrafia y Folklore in La Paz, to intercultural cooperation and the Saririn Suma Wiñay Thaqipa , preventing the loss of native languages, and cultural research in the Andes.

Members of the Bolivian delegation included: Milton Eyzaguirre Morales, Head of the Cultural Promotion and Dissemination Office, National Museum of Ethnography and Folklore; Ms. Marianeta Machiacado Machiacado Educator for Sariri Center for the Studies of Andean and Amazonic World Views, La Paz from the Comunidad Sariri); Gregorio Callizaya Apaza Professor, School of Linguistics, National University of San Andres, La Paz; and Ms. Iris Anabel Ortega Balboa, Educator and Researcher at the Sariri Center for the Studies of Andean and Amazonic World Views and Marcelino Machiacado Montano, General Project Coordinator, Jatha (Seed) Cultural Group in La Paz.

It was agreed after exchanging gifts that the Center and the various Bolivian organizations will continue to exchange and seek opportunities for collaboration in the future.

]]>http://cwis.org/FWE/2012/07/04/aymara-delegation-visits-center/feed/0Jarawa in India on Verge of Extinctionhttp://cwis.org/FWE/2012/04/21/jarawa-in-india-on-verge-of-extinction/
http://cwis.org/FWE/2012/04/21/jarawa-in-india-on-verge-of-extinction/#commentsSat, 21 Apr 2012 08:05:43 +0000Mirjam Hirchhttp://cwis.org/FWE/?p=2676Human safaris, the incresing pressure of resources depletion and development have been wreaking havoc on one of India’s most ancient tribes. A recent documentary illustrates some of the ares of tension.

Outsiders need to start listening to what the tribes themselves have to say on matters affecting them and the existential questions that have to be tackled.

]]>http://cwis.org/FWE/2012/04/21/jarawa-in-india-on-verge-of-extinction/feed/0Dr. Mirjam Hirchhttp://cwis.org/FWE/2011/10/13/dr-mirjam-hirch/
http://cwis.org/FWE/2011/10/13/dr-mirjam-hirch/#commentsThu, 13 Oct 2011 22:49:31 +0000Rudolph C. Rÿser, Ph.D.http://cwis.org/FWE/2011/10/13/dr-mirjam-hirch/She was an intern at the Center for World Indigenous Studies in 2001 and then she took on the important responsibilities of a CWIS Fellow focusing on Traditional Medicine Policy. She traveled to Tajikistan, to Switzerland, Mexico and Australia advocating the development of an implementation of policies in governments and international organizations that will advance the practice of traditional medicine. Then she traveled to Canada to explore the question of oolichan oil and its benefits for health. And, while she did all of this she became an Associate Scholar of the Center for World Indigenous Studies. The woman who set on a vigorous course of research and advocacy is Mirjam Hirch from Darmstadt, Germany.

Dr. Mirjam Hirch, Darmstadt, Germany

Not satisfied with these accomplishments Mirjam has added another achievement: She has earned her doctorate and is now Dr. Mirjam Hirch.

We at the Center for World Indigenous Studies are very proud of Dr. Hirch’s accomplishment and offer our very best congratulations. The world has in Mirjam a powerful voice for the benefit of traditional medicine and for indigenous peoples. Thank you Dr. Mirjam Hirch!

]]>http://cwis.org/FWE/2011/10/13/dr-mirjam-hirch/feed/1Appoint Tauli-Corpuz to UN Posthttp://cwis.org/FWE/2011/10/07/appoint-tauli-corpuz-to-un-post/
http://cwis.org/FWE/2011/10/07/appoint-tauli-corpuz-to-un-post/#commentsFri, 07 Oct 2011 17:06:50 +0000Rudolph C. Rÿser, Ph.D.http://cwis.org/FWE/2011/10/07/appoint-tauli-corpuz-to-un-post/The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is preparing to appoint a new UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism in its new term. The Center for World Indigenous Studies, along with numerous other organizations and leaders has endorsed Ms. Victoria Lucia Tauli-Corpuz from the Philippines to fill that post.

Vicky, as many know her, is perfectly qualified for the post and her appointment will be a strong statement by the United Nations Human Rights Council that the cause and concerns of indigenous peoples has reached the first tier of consideration. While the Special Rapporteur would clearly focus on all forms of racism affecting all marginalized populations, Vicky’s experience and personal knowledge of the situation of indigenous peoples will open wholly new avenues of inquiry and reportage for the UNHRC. Sensitive to the complex cross currents that give rise to racial discrimination, Victoria Lucia Tauli-Corpuz will serve with a powerful and incisive voice.

Some of her qualifications are well known, but bear repeating here:

* She is one of the world’s most active and committed advocates for the humanrights of marginalized groups.

* She has extensive experience and expertise in the area of racism,discrimination and intolerance, strongly grounded in the realities andstruggles faced by indigenous peoples and women.

* She has worked with various stakeholders and established an extensive networkamong women, indigenous peoples, minorities as well as with governmentofficials in various countries and UN bodies, which will assist in engagingwith a variety of stakeholders to discharge the mandate in an accountablemanner.

* Her work extends beyond state level advocacy to regional and internationalstandard setting. At the state level, she was a commissioner of theNational Commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW) from 2001-2004.At the global level, she was the Chairperson-Rapporteur (1997-2005) andmember (1994-1996) of the Board of Trustees of the UN Voluntary Fund forIndigenous Populations (1997-2005); and Chairperson of the UN PermanentForum on Indigenous Issues (2005-2010).

* She has comprehensive and practical knowledge of international human rightsinstruments and mechanisms. She played a key role in the drafting andnegotiations of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples(adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2007) and the Beijing IndigenousWomen’s Declaration (2005). She spent 5 years leading the UN PermanentForum on Indigenous Issues as Chairperson (2005-2010).

* Founding member of numerous civil society initiatives and groups on humanrights of indigenous peoples and women, as well as climate justice, socialjustice, poverty and self-determined sustainable development at thenational, regional and international levels. She is currently ExecutiveDirector of Tebtebba (Indigenous People’s International Centre for PolicyResearch and Education).

The world will benefit enormously from the service of Victoria Lucia Tauli-Corpuz!

]]>http://cwis.org/FWE/2011/10/07/appoint-tauli-corpuz-to-un-post/feed/0Applying Indigenous Knowledgehttp://cwis.org/FWE/2011/04/18/applying-indigenous-knowledge/
http://cwis.org/FWE/2011/04/18/applying-indigenous-knowledge/#commentsMon, 18 Apr 2011 18:18:21 +0000Rudolph C. Rÿser, Ph.D.http://cwis.org/FWE/2011/04/18/applying-indigenous-knowledge/Bolivia’s Foreign Minister since 2006, David Choquehuanca is a leading voice in favor of promoting traditional knowledge and its parallel application to climate change mitigation and adaptation approaches. Foreign Minister Choquehuanca is Aymara born near Lake Titicaca in 1961. He holds a graduate degree in History and Anthropology based on his dissertation, “Rights of Indigenous Peoples” earned at the University Cordillera (CIDES-UMSA).

Bolivian foreign Minister David Choquehuanca (Photo by: John Vidal)

In a recent interview with the Guardian in the United Kingdom, Minister Choquehuanca offered his analysis and the importance of indigenous peoples becoming active interlocutors in local, country, regional and international negotiations on climate change.

Talks at the local, regional, country-wide and international levels continue to build a consensus that measures can and must be taken by carbon dioxide producing countries and businesses to mitigate and formulate strategies for adapting to the adverse affects of climate change. While some political views express doubts about the sources of climate changes, it is our view at the Center that it makes no difference who causes the problem now…the problem exists and indigenous peoples must act to protect themselves with new strategies for adaptation.

In talks throughout the world we and many others offering analysis and proposals for climate change treaty language have urged the UN, states’ governments, businesses, labor unions, civil society groups and others to “respect traditional knowledge” and incorporate the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples principles — notably “free, prior and informed consent” into treaty language. At various points there have been willing expressions of support and often general silence in response to these concepts.

Where there is willing or reluctant acceptance indigenous peoples have celebrated some progress in the talks. Where, of course, there is silence indigenous peoples have expressed concern and surprise.

We at the Center and some with whom we have been working among indigenous organizations have called for a new strategy that involves indigenous peoples proclaiming a willingness to deny access to territories and resources (for states and businesses) and only opening access in exchange for a place at the negotiating table for many indigenous peoples. The strategy also calls for providing a concrete explanation of what we mean by traditional or community knowledge and how such knowledge can and will benefit indigenous peoples as well as metropolitan populations.

There are many indigenous sciences that form the basis of differing systems of traditional knowledge. Carefully and thoughtfully developing an understanding between indigenous peoples and between indigenous peoples and metropolitan societies will help create an understanding of traditional knowledge and its application to climate change adaptation strategies.

Of particular relevance to the broader discussion of traditional knowledge is Mr. Choquehuanca’s observation:

“Our philosophy tells us that [other nations'] problems are also our problems. We have to work the balance between people, between regions, between continents, between countries, a balance between man and nature. Development – the one implemented by western societies – has an impact in this balance. It has generated considerable imbalances between people and regions. It has created a million problems. Today we are talking of crisis, energy crisis, financial crisis, food crisis, institutional crisis, climate change; we indigenous people can contribute to solving all these crises with our values for the attainment of balance.”

The values “for the attainment of balance” can be expressed as Aymara science–a system of knowledge. Each indigenous nations must consider its own science, its own system of knowledge to realize how that knowledge can be applied to problems like mitigation and adaptation to climate change. We have different systems of knowledge, but they do not communicate. There is a huge gap between the systems. We must find ways to bridge the gap so that the problems of nations can be constructively and cooperatively understood and resolved. That will benefit indigenous nations and all peoples.

]]>http://cwis.org/FWE/2011/04/18/applying-indigenous-knowledge/feed/0CWIS Associate Scholars Achievehttp://cwis.org/FWE/2010/12/05/cwis-associate-scholars-achieve/
http://cwis.org/FWE/2010/12/05/cwis-associate-scholars-achieve/#commentsMon, 06 Dec 2010 00:13:51 +0000Rudolph C. Rÿser, Ph.D.http://cwis.org/FWE/2010/12/05/cwis-associate-scholars-achieve/The Center for World Indigenous Studies Associate Scholars Program calls upon the best and the brightest scholarly leaders worldwide who work with Fourth World Nations and will share their knowledge and perspectives for the benefit of Fourth World peoples. The Center’s program experiences great success in large measure because of the accomplishments of the Scholars.

“An Associate Scholar is an individual dedicated to understanding and applying the ancient knowledge of a Fourth World nation(s) for the benefit of Fourth World nations. Associate Scholars undertake research to elaborate and extend traditional knowledge to explain phenomena, ideas and challenges facing Fourth World Nations and to contribute to the growing body of traditional knowledge for all of humanity.”

Six extraordinary Associate Scholars demonstrate the great value of the Center’s program, and I want now to review who these people are.

Mirjam Hirch(Mirjam Hirch (left) with award presenter)

Associate Scholar and CWIS Fellow for Traditional Health Geography Mirjam Hirch (Darmstadt, Germany) has been awarded Best Presentation
Prize for her paper delivered at the November 2010 7th Kastelli Symposium in Oulu, Finland. Presenting on her topic, “the disruptive potential of geography in indigenous peoples’ health.” The theme of the symposium was “People in a changing world.”

The Thule Institute and the University of Oulu in cooperation with the University of Arctic Thematic Networks on Global Change and Arctic Medicine organized the symposium. Ms. Hirch’s presentation accompanied keynote presentations by Gert Mulvad of Greenland, Hannu Heikkinen of Finland, Joan Nymand Larsen of Island and Gunhild Hoogensen of Norway.

Bo-i Era España(Bo-i Era España [left] with CWIS Chair Rudolph Rÿser)

Ms. Bo-i Era España of the Monuvu in Southern Mindanao, the Philippines. Ms. España is the Tribal Chieftain of the Monuvu and a traditional knowledge scholar emphasizing stories and legends, customary law on the protection of women and children and customary law in the ancestral domain. Ms.España has honored her work by posting a video entitled: “Equality of Men and Women in Monuvu Perspective” on The iLeap Blog. You may view the video by clicking http://ileap.org/blog/?p=3473 or pasting the URL in your browser.

Dr. Leslie E. Korn(Dr. Leslie E. Korn in Tuito, Jalisco, Mexico)

Associate Scholar and Center for Traditional Medicine Director Dr. Leslie E. Korn has been recognized by the F. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board and the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the US Department of State for her accomplishments as a Fulbright Scholar. She recently completed a nine-month study of traditional medicinal plants and animals in the jungles of western Mexico. She conducted field work interviewing traditional healers and trekked in the jungle collecting plants identified by healers and then documenting them and the knowledge surrounding each plant.

Emmanuel G.V. Dolo

Mr. Emmanuel G. V. Dolo is the Founder and Executive Director of Population Caring Organization (Liberia and Ghana). You may view PCO information here http://populationcaring.org/ by clicking on the URL or pasting it into your browser. The Population Caring Organization was founded in
May 2003 in response to the needs of Liberian refugees in the Buduburam Refugee Settlement in Ghana. At the time, Buduburam was home to more than 42,000 refugees from the Liberian civil war. PCO was founded by Mr. Emmanuel G.V. Dolo, a Liberian refugee living in Ghana. Mr. Dolo is an iLeap International Scholar.

Dr. Gilbert Rochon

CWIS Associate Scholar Dr. Gilbert Rochon was chosen 17 September this year by the Tuskegee University Board of Trustees to become the 6th President of this historic and prestigious university on 1 November 2010. Dr. Rochon had been serving as the Senior Research scientist at the Rosen Center for Advanced Computing and also the director of the Terrestrial Observatory at Purdue University in Indiana, USA. Tuskegee University’s first president in 1881 was Dr. Booker T. Washington (1881-1915) the acclaimed civil rights, human rights, and educational leader who set the early tone for quality, practical and scholarly learning–a legacy Dr. Rochon is supremely qualified to carry forward.

Dr. Randal Bowers

CWIS Associate Scholar Dr. Kisku Sa’qawei Pag’tism (Randolph Bowers) has accepted appointment as Senior Lecturer and Program Leaders in Counselling at the University of Sunshine Coast in Queensland, Australia (http://www.usc.edu.au/) beginning in 2011. The University opened in 1996 and now has 7000 learners. It’s published mission is: “To be the major catalyst for the innovative and sustainable economic, cultural and educational advancement of the region, through the pursuit of international standards in teaching, research and engagement.”

Dr. Bowers’ professional contributions are certainly at the level of international standards consistent with and exceeding the University’s mission.

CWIS Associate scholars in the Fourth World have a profound influence on ideas and in particular the application of traditional knowledge, indigenous peoples’ sciences and philosophies for the benefit of Fourth World peoples. We are proud to be working with so many who accomplish so much.