Linux Note(for Ubuntu, Linux Mint, elementary OS, etc.)

BIOS Settings

Since the troubles were caused by the presence of two graphic cards (Nvidia Optimus), I simply disabled the nvidia graphic card in the bios in order to use only the Intel integrated card (choosing "integrated" instead of "switchable")

If you don't choose "integrated" instead of "switchable", you might have to do this to boot from LiveCD:
press F6
add/select nomodeset
press Esc
press Enter