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Quantify properties of the QGP and features of the QCD phase diagram, as functions of temperature and net quark density from the onset of deconfinement toward even earlier universe conditions.

Exploit new discovery potential in searches for a QCD critical point and for the nature and influence of quantum fluctuations in initial densities and the excited QCD vacuum (sphalerons).

LHC Experiments

Full-energy RHIC Experiments

~155 MeV

Search for a QCD Critical endpoint via low-energy scan in RHIC-II era

Continue explorations of the role of soft gluons in cold nuclear matter (gluon saturation, contributions to proton spin).

RHIC and LHC are complementary. Both are needed to explore the temperature-dependence of QGP properties (span factor ~1000 in s). RHIC has unique reach to search for the QGP onset, unique ion species versatility and unique polarized proton capability, until EIC is realized. And QCD matter is RHIC’s primary focus.

It is the responsibility of RHIC and LHC to design measurements to address the more quantitative 2nd-generation questions emerging from the definitive answers above, and to resolve the hints surrounding the others.

a) “Hints” implies that significant data have been collected, hinting at a definitive answer. However, questions of interpretation remain, with clear follow-up measurements proposed (and outlined in Sec. 6 of RHIC White Paper) to resolve the ambiguities.