In cognitive diagnostic assessment,to build up the right test Q-matrix is crucial but difficult.From the perspective of the cognitive diagnostic model,the paper elaborates and evaluates attribute specification,selection and proof techniques in the test Q-matrix under the famous models or frameworks(Rule Space model,attribute hierarchy model,fusion model,return tree,deterministic input noisy AND-gate model,evidence center design and cognitive design system),points out the advantages and disadvantages of each method,summarizes the general steps and methods of the test Q-matrix construction,and discusses possible future research directions.

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