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Born and raised in Manchester, Jackson now resides in Berlin. He studied English literature in Wales and has a degree. In addition to his interest in football (Manchester City F.C.) he has trained extensively in kick boxing, participating in the German national championships. He was the founder of the British band The Dostoyevskys who split up in the late 1990s. Before splitting, they were the support-act for Oasis on two of their tours. In 2005 Jackson co-wrote and appeared as featured vocalist and musician on Paul van Dyk's single "The Other Side".

Jackson produced the two solo albums of the German artist Bela B. (Bingo in 2006, Code B. in 2010). As a member of Bela B.'s live band Los Helmstedt, he played more than 60 shows. Jackson released his first solo album, The Long Goodbye in 2008.[1] The second single "Shine On" was part of the summer campaign of the German TV channel RTL in 2008. The first single was called "Glorious" and was co-written with Paul Van Dyk.[2] His second album, Undercover Psycho, was released in 2010 and entered the German Top 100 Album download charts at number 55. Influenced by New Order, U2, Editors or Snow Patrol, Jackson found his own unique and honest style.[3] He wrote, recorded, produced and played nearly all the instruments for this second album on his own. Undercover Psycho includes the single "Hallelujah" which was the theme song of the movie Die Tür starring Mads Mikkelsen and Jessica Schwarz. Another song "I’m so Beautiful" was used as part of an RTL campaign in March 2010.[4] The same year, Jackson released a cover version of the Lady Gaga hit "Bad Romance". The single reached the No. 1 position in the German radio stations "Radio Gong" and "Radio Berlin".[5] The b-side of the digital-only released single includes the song "Undercover Psycho".[6]

Besides his activities for Bela B. and his solo projects, he has also worked with the German singer Lula, who also lives in Berlin. These collaborations have covered her album Lost in Reverie, and further duets such as "Your Stars Never Shine" which can be found on Undercover Psycho.[7]

Since releasing his solo material Jackson has performed live, both with a full band and alone. In August and September 2008, he did a club tour through Germany to present his album The Long Goodbye. He was supported by Lula. In February 2010, a second tour followed. The same year, Jackson played a number of festival dates, including the Deichbrand-Festival. The Open Flair and the Welt-Astra-Tag in Hamburg. He also supported the American band Train, Sivert Höyem and Philipp Poisel.

1.
Manchester
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Manchester is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 514,414 as of 2013. It lies within the United Kingdoms second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.55 million, Manchester is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation. The local authority is Manchester City Council and it was historically a part of Lancashire, although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated during the 20th century. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a township but began to expand at an astonishing rate around the turn of the 19th century. Manchesters unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, Manchester achieved city status in 1853. The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894, creating the Port of Manchester and its fortunes declined after the Second World War, owing to deindustrialisation. The city centre was devastated in a bombing in 1996, but it led to extensive investment, in 2014, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked Manchester as a beta world city, the highest-ranked British city apart from London. Manchester is the third-most visited city in the UK and it is notable for its architecture, culture, musical exports, media links, scientific and engineering output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the worlds first inter-city passenger railway station and in the city scientists first split the atom, the name Manchester originates from the Latin name Mamucium or its variant Mancunium and the citizens are still referred to as Mancunians. These are generally thought to represent a Latinisation of an original Brittonic name, both meanings are preserved in languages derived from Common Brittonic, mam meaning breast in Irish and mother in Welsh. The suffix -chester is a survival of Old English ceaster and their territory extended across the fertile lowland of what is now Salford and Stretford. Central Manchester has been settled since this time. A stabilised fragment of foundations of the version of the Roman fort is visible in Castlefield. After the Roman withdrawal and Saxon conquest, the focus of settlement shifted to the confluence of the Irwell, much of the wider area was laid waste in the subsequent Harrying of the North. Thomas de la Warre, lord of the manor, founded and constructed a church for the parish in 1421. The church is now Manchester Cathedral, the premises of the college house Chethams School of Music. The library, which opened in 1653 and is open to the public today, is the oldest free public reference library in the United Kingdom. Manchester is mentioned as having a market in 1282, around the 14th century, Manchester received an influx of Flemish weavers, sometimes credited as the foundation of the regions textile industry

2.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years

3.
English people
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The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England, who speak the English language. The English identity is of medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn. Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD, England is one of the countries of the United Kingdom. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become England along with the later Danes, Normans, in the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England was succeeded by the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become closely aligned with British customs. The English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system and these and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire. The concept of an English nation is far older than that of the British nation, many recent immigrants to England have assumed a solely British identity, while others have developed dual or mixed identities. Use of the word English to describe Britons from ethnic minorities in England is complicated by most non-white people in England identifying as British rather than English. In their 2004 Annual Population Survey, the Office for National Statistics compared the ethnic identities of British people with their national identity. They found that while 58% of white people in England described their nationality as English and it is unclear how many British people consider themselves English. Following complaints about this, the 2011 census was changed to allow respondents to record their English, Welsh, Scottish, another complication in defining the English is a common tendency for the words English and British to be used interchangeably, especially overseas. In his study of English identity, Krishan Kumar describes a common slip of the tongue in which people say English, I mean British. He notes that this slip is made only by the English themselves and by foreigners. Kumar suggests that although this blurring is a sign of Englands dominant position with the UK and it tells of the difficulty that most English people have of distinguishing themselves, in a collective way, from the other inhabitants of the British Isles. In 1965, the historian A. J. P. Taylor wrote, When the Oxford History of England was launched a generation ago and it meant indiscriminately England and Wales, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, and even the British Empire. Foreigners used it as the name of a Great Power and indeed continue to do so, bonar Law, by origin a Scotch Canadian, was not ashamed to describe himself as Prime Minister of England Now terms have become more rigorous. The use of England except for a geographic area brings protests and this version of history is now regarded by many historians as incorrect, on the basis of more recent genetic and archaeological research. The 2016 study authored by Stephan Schiffels et al, the remaining portion of English DNA is primarily French, introduced in a migration after the end of the Ice Age

4.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds

5.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song

6.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu

7.
Berlin
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Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million, Berlin is the second most populous city proper, due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers. Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world, following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany. Berlin is a city of culture, politics, media. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations. Berlin serves as a hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination, significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics. Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities, orchestras, museums and its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions. The city is known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts. Since 2000 Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene, the name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of todays Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl-. All German place names ending on -ow, -itz and -in, since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Bär, a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. It is therefore a canting arm, the first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920, the central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns. Cölln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document,1237 is considered the founding date of the city. The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the right on the two important trade routes Via Imperii and from Bruges to Novgorod. In 1307, they formed an alliance with a common external policy, in 1415 Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. In 1443 Frederick II Irontooth started the construction of a new palace in the twin city Berlin-Cölln

8.
Wales
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Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and it had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2. Wales has over 1,680 miles of coastline and is mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon. The country lies within the temperate zone and has a changeable. Welsh national identity emerged among the Celtic Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, Llywelyn ap Gruffudds death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of Englands conquest of Wales, though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century. The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542, distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism, Welsh national feeling grew over the century, Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962. Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998, the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, two-thirds of the population live in south Wales, mainly in and around Cardiff, Swansea and Newport, and in the nearby valleys. Now that the countrys traditional extractive and heavy industries have gone or are in decline, Wales economy depends on the sector, light and service industries. Wales 2010 gross value added was £45.5 billion, over 560,000 Welsh language speakers live in Wales, and the language is spoken by a majority of the population in parts of the north and west. From the late 19th century onwards, Wales acquired its popular image as the land of song, Rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness. The Old English-speaking Anglo-Saxons came to use the term Wælisc when referring to the Celtic Britons in particular, the modern names for some Continental European lands and peoples have a similar etymology. The modern Welsh name for themselves is Cymry, and Cymru is the Welsh name for Wales and these words are descended from the Brythonic word combrogi, meaning fellow-countrymen. The use of the word Cymry as a self-designation derives from the location in the post-Roman Era of the Welsh people in modern Wales as well as in northern England and southern Scotland. It emphasised that the Welsh in modern Wales and in the Hen Ogledd were one people, in particular, the term was not applied to the Cornish or the Breton peoples, who are of similar heritage, culture, and language to the Welsh. The word came into use as a self-description probably before the 7th century and it is attested in a praise poem to Cadwallon ap Cadfan c. 633. Thereafter Cymry prevailed as a reference to the Welsh, until c.1560 the word was spelt Kymry or Cymry, regardless of whether it referred to the people or their homeland. The Latinised forms of names, Cambrian, Cambric and Cambria, survive as lesser-used alternative names for Wales, Welsh

9.
Manchester City F.C.
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Manchester City Football Club is a football club in Manchester, England. Founded in 1880 as St. Marks, they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887, the club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003, having played at Maine Road since 1923. After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final, the club went through a period of decline, having regained their Premier League status in the early 2000s, the club was purchased in 2008 by Abu Dhabi United Group and has become one of the wealthiest in the world. Since 2011 the club have won five major honours, including the Premier League in 2012 and 2014, by 2014–15, Manchester City had the sixth-highest revenue in the footballing world with an annual revenue of €463.5 million. In 2016, Forbes magazine estimated they were the sixth most valuable football club. City gained their first honours by winning the Second Division in 1899, with it promotion to the highest level in English football. A fire at Hyde Road destroyed the main stand in 1920, in the 1930s, Manchester City reached two consecutive FA Cup finals, losing to Everton in 1933, before claiming the Cup by beating Portsmouth in 1934. The club won the First Division title for the first time in 1937, after relegation to the Second Division in 1963, the future looked bleak with a record low home attendance of 8,015 against Swindon Town in January 1965. In the summer of 1965, the management team of Joe Mercer, in the first season under Mercer, City won the Second Division title and made important signings in Mike Summerbee and Colin Bell. Further trophies followed, City won the FA Cup in 1969, before achieving European success by winning the European Cup Winners Cup in 1970, beating Górnik Zabrze 2–1 in Vienna. City also won the League Cup that season, becoming the second English team to win a European trophy, the club continued to challenge for honours throughout the 1970s, finishing one point behind the league champions on two occasions and reaching the final of the 1974 League Cup. Former United player Denis Law scored with a backheel to give City a 1–0 win at Old Trafford, the final trophy of the clubs most successful period was won in 1976, when Newcastle United were beaten 2–1 in the League Cup final. A long period of decline followed the success of the 1960s and 1970s, Malcolm Allison rejoined the club to become manager for the second time in 1979, but squandered large sums of money on unsuccessful signings, such as Steve Daley. A succession of managers then followed – seven in the 1980s alone, under John Bond, City reached the 1981 FA Cup final but lost in a replay to Tottenham Hotspur. The club were relegated from the top flight in the 1980s. However, this was only a respite, and following Reids departure Manchester Citys fortunes continued to fade. City were co-founders of the Premier League upon its creation in 1992, after two seasons in Division One, City fell to the lowest point in their history, becoming the second ever European trophy winners to be relegated to their countrys third league tier, after 1. After relegation, the club underwent off-the-field upheaval, with new chairman David Bernstein introducing greater fiscal discipline, under manager Joe Royle, City were promoted at the first attempt, achieved in dramatic fashion in a play-off against Gillingham

10.
Oasis (band)
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Oasis were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1991. Developed from a group, the Rain, the band originally consisted of Liam Gallagher, Paul Bonehead Arthurs, Paul Guigsy McGuigan. They were later joined by Liams older brother Noel Gallagher as a fifth member, Oasis signed to independent record label Creation Records in 1993 and released their record-setting debut album Definitely Maybe. The following year the band recorded Morning Glory. with drummer Alan White, formerly of Starclub, McGuigan and Arthurs left Oasis in 1999 as the band went on to record and release Standing on the Shoulder of Giants. Their fifth studio album Heathen Chemistry saw Noel Gallaghers releasing strict creative control in the output with all members contributing songs. Following the recording of the seventh album Dig Out Your Soul in May 2008, Starkey departed the band and with Chris Sharrock as touring member. Liam Gallagher will release his debut album As You Were in 2017, by 2009, Oasis had sold over 70 million records worldwide. The band were listed in the Guinness World Records book in 2010 for Longest Top 10 UK Chart Run by a Group after a run of 22 top 10 hits in the UK. The band also holds the Guinness World Record for being the most successful act in the UK between the years 1995 and 2005, spending 765 weeks in the top 75 singles and albums charts. Oasis evolved from a band called the Rain, composed of Paul McGuigan, Paul Arthurs, Tony McCarroll. Unsatisfied with Hutton, Arthurs invited and auditioned acquaintance Liam Gallagher as a replacement, Liam suggested that the band name be changed to Oasis. This change was inspired by an Inspiral Carpets tour poster that hung in the Gallagher brothers bedroom, one of the venues the poster listed was the Oasis Leisure Centre in Swindon, Wiltshire. Oasis played their first ever gig on 18 August 1991 at the Boardwalk club in Manchester. Liams brother Noel Gallagher, who was a roadie for Inspiral Carpets, Noel approached the group about joining with the proviso that he would become the bands sole songwriter and leader, and that they would commit to an earnest pursuit of commercial success. He had loads of stuff written, Arthurs recalled, when he walked in, we were a band making a racket with four tunes. All of a sudden, there were loads of ideas, after over a year of live shows, rehearsals and a recording of a proper demo, the bands big break came in May 1993 when they were spotted by Creation Records co-owner Alan McGee. Oasis were invited to play a gig at King Tuts Wah Wah Hut club in Glasgow, Scotland, by a band called Sister Lovers, Oasis, along with a group of friends, found the money to hire a van and make the journey to Glasgow. When they arrived, they were refused entry to the club as they were not on that nights set list and they were given the opening slot and impressed McGee, who was there to see 18 Wheeler, one of his own bands, that night

11.
Paul van Dyk
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Matthias Paul, better known by his stage name Paul van Dyk is a German Grammy Award-winning DJ, record producer and musician. He was named the Worlds number one DJ in both 2005 and 2006, something only few DJs have ever achieved and he was the first ever DJ to be named number one by Mixmag in 2005. By 2008, he had sold over 3 million albums worldwide, Paul van Dyk is currently the radio host of Vonyc Sessions with Paul on Dash Radio. Paul van Dyk grew up in East Berlin in a single parent household, his father left him, while living there, he worked as a broadcast technician and began training to become a carpenter. Paul van Dyk claims his musical education came from radio, shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall, van Dyk and his mother were given permission to leave East Germany and moved to Hamburg to live with his aunt. In 1990, van Dyk moved back to Berlin and his first appearance as a DJ was in the Tresor in March 1991. After several more dates, he was given the chance to perform at AndreHoches Dubmission parties in the Turbine club, the shows were called Paul vs. Paul. With Cosmic Baby, he collaborated as The Visions of Shiva and their single Perfect Day was released by the Berlin independent label MFS Records, run by English ex-patriat producer Mark Reeder and manager Torsten Jurk. In February 1993, van Dyk and Kid Paul hosted an installment of the weekly three-hour HR3 Clubnight radio show, the second and final Visions of Shiva single How Much Can You Take. was released, and van Dyk and Cosmic went their separate musical ways. By late summer, Paul released his first DJ-mix compilation X-Mix-1 – the MFS Trip, in 1994, Paul van Dyk released The Green Valley EP, Pump This Party and Emergency 911. Meanwhile, MFS acquired many remixes for Paul, MFS label owner Mark Reeders close friendship with artists such as New Order gave Paul the opportunity to mix the track Spooky from the Republic album. He recorded his debut LP45 RPM with Johnny Klimek and VOOV, seven Ways established Paul van Dyk as a trance pioneer and was Paul van Dyks first real success in Britain. Seven Ways was voted the No.1 album by readers of DJ Magazine, in early 1997, Paul van Dyk began collaborating with U. S. music producer BT. Together, they produced such as Flaming June, Forbidden Fruit. By the time they realised I was a German, it was too late, Van Dyk also remixed a well known early-90s track, Age of Love, in 1997. In 1998,45 RPM was re-released in the UK and in the US, to mark the event, and in homage to the defunct E-Werk, Paul released a remix of For An Angel. Van Dyk took up a residency at Sheffields Gatecrasher and declared himself anti-drugs, in 1998, Paul remixed British trance duo Binary Finarys famous 1998 single, which was a successful version that took Binary Finary to the top of the German Dance charts. In mid-1998, Van Dyk left MFS Records and took a share in the new label Vandit Records

12.
Bela B.
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Dirk Felsenheimer, better known under his stage name Bela B. is a German musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known for being the drummer and one of the singers in the German band Die Ärzte, in 2006, he released his first solo album entitled Bingo. Bela B. is also an actor and has done several voice-overs for television, dirk Albert Felsenheimer was born in Spandau, the westernmost borough of Berlin. He has a sister named Diana and his parents separated when he was five years old. Afterwards he joined the force, partly due to boredom and partly because of the influence of his uncle. However, shortly before joining the force Bela became punk, which seemed at odds with the conformity required of him in the police. Despite his reservations, he began training, as he could think of no other viable option. However, he quit the force soon after joining because he felt that he did not belong there and he then worked in a warehouse for a short time before beginning a 3-year apprenticeship as a window-dresser for the department store Hertie. Felsenheimer took his name from Dracula actor Bela Lugosi, whom he has admired since childhood. The B stands for Barney, as the German name of the fictional The Flintstones character Barney Rubble is Barney Geröllheimer, Felsenheimer is actually registered with the German performing rights society GEMA as Bela Barney Felsenheimer. Bela B. lives with his girlfriend Konstanze Habermann and their son in Hamburg, Bela B. first played in the short-lived Soilent Grün before co-founding Die Ärzte in 1982 with singer/guitarist Farin Urlaub and bassist Hans Runge. The group soon appeared on the 20 Überschäumende Stimmungshits compilation, and after winning a band contest they spent their winnings on their 1983 debut EP. They signed a deal with Columbia Records, which issued the bands debut LP, Debil. After releasing several albums, the broke up in 1988. After Die Ärzte split up, he formed a new band, S. U. M. P, with friend Rodrigo González. Featuring cover versions of popular songs, the band was later renamed Depp Jones, named after a character in the German version of the comic book series Lucky Luke. Their 1990 debut LP, Return to Caramba, failed to capitalise on the popularity of Die Ärzte, and its follow-ups Welcome to Hell and At 2012 A. D. did even worse. Farin Urlaubs new band, King Køng, also struggled, and in 1993 he and Bela B. agreed to reform Die Ärzte, in 2006, Bela released his first solo album Bingo, which was produced by Wayne Jackson and Olsen Involtini

13.
U2
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U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono, the Edge, Adam Clayton, initially rooted in post-punk, U2s sound grew to incorporate influences from many genres of popular music, yet has maintained an anthemic sound. Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal themes, popular for their live performances, the group has staged several ambitious and elaborate tours over their career. The band formed at Mount Temple Comprehensive School in 1976 when the members were teenagers with limited musical proficiency, within four years, they signed with Island Records and released their debut album Boy. Subsequent work such as their first UK number-one album War, by the mid-1980s, they had become renowned globally for their live act, highlighted by their performance at Live Aid in 1985. The groups fifth album, The Joshua Tree, made them international superstars and was their greatest critical and commercial success. Topping music charts around the world, it produced their only number-one singles in the US, With or Without You, facing a backlash and creative stagnation, U2 reinvented themselves in the 1990s through a new musical direction and public image. This experimentation continued through their album, Pop, and the PopMart Tour. U2 regained critical and commercial favour with the records All That You Cant Leave Behind and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb and their U2 360° Tour of 2009–2011 is the highest-attended and highest-grossing concert tour in history. The groups thirteenth album, Songs of Innocence, was released at no cost through the iTunes Store, U2 have released 13 studio albums and are one of the worlds best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 170 million records worldwide. They have won 22 Grammy Awards, more than any other band, Rolling Stone ranked U2 at number 22 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. The band formed in Dublin on 25 September 1976, Larry Mullen Jr. then a 14-year-old student at Mount Temple Comprehensive School, posted a note on the schools notice board in search of musicians for a new band—six people responded. Mullen later described it as The Larry Mullen Band for about ten minutes, then Bono walked in and blew any chance I had of being in charge. Martin, who had brought his guitar and amplifier to the first practice but could not play, did not remain with the group, the group settled on the name Feedback because it was one of the few technical terms they knew. Most of their material consisted of cover songs, which the band admitted was not their forte. Some of the earliest influences on the band were emerging punk rock acts, such as the Jam, the Clash, Buzzcocks, the popularity of punk rock convinced the group that musical proficiency was not a prerequisite to being successful. In April 1977, Feedback played their first gig for an audience at St. Fintans High School. Shortly after, the changed their name to The Hype

14.
Editors (band)
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Editors are an English rock band, formed in 2002 in Stafford. Previously known as Pilot, The Pride and Snowfield, the band consists of Tom Smith, Russell Leetch, Ed Lay, Justin Lockey. Editors have so far released two studio albums, and five in total, with several million combined sales. Their debut album The Back Room was released in 2005 and it contained the hits Munich and Blood and the following year received a Mercury Prize nomination. Their follow-up album An End Has a Start went to number 1 in the UK Album Chart in June 2007 and it also spawned another Top 10 hit single, Smokers Outside the Hospital Doors. The bands third album, In This Light and on This Evening, was released in October 2009, the band released their fourth studio album, The Weight of Your Love, in July 2013, followed by self-produced In Dream in October 2015. Alongside their critical acclaim and strong success in the charts, Editors have consistently enjoyed sold-out tours and their brand of dark indie rock is commonly compared to the sound of bands such as Echo & the Bunnymen, Joy Division, Interpol, The Chameleons and U2. The band was known as Pilot and played its first show under this name in 2002. While in college, the constructed a marketing strategy which involved placing hundreds of promotional stickers across the walls of Stafford asking Whos the Pilot. However, they realised the name was taken by a 1970s Scottish pop group. A review of the songs reads The Pride keep things subliminally lo-fi, refreshingly simple and restrained, Come Share The View is a lesson in welding hypnotic soundscapes with white noise while showing allegiance to the school of slo-mo on Forest Fire. The band then took its music offline to create mystery and anxiousness and they then changed the line-up with Ed Lay replacing Geraint Owen on drums as he began to focus on his Welsh band The Heights. Under this lineup they became known as Snowfield and they played their debut gig under this name at the request of Fused Magazine in March 2003. The following summer the band self-released a demo six-track EP, all of which went on to become future Editors songs, then, as it was the home of their management and the nearest big city, the band relocated to Birmingham after graduation in the autumn of 2003. For the next year, the different band members then worked part-time jobs along with the rest of their work with the band, after continuous gigging around the Midlands, it wasnt long until word of mouth helped them become a popular unsigned band. The band then sent out a one track demo cd of Bullets, earning them the interest of several British labels, in October 2004, the group signed to Newcastle based indie label Kitchenware Records. Upon signing to the label they changed their band name to Editors. The song had previously played by BBC Radio 1 disc jockey Zane Lowe

15.
Snow Patrol
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Snow Patrol are a Northern Irish/Scottish rock band formed in 1993, consisting of Gary Lightbody, Nathan Connolly, Paul Wilson, Jonny Quinn, and Johnny McDaid. Initially an indie band, the group rose to prominence in the early-mid 2000s as part of the post-Britpop movement. The group was founded at the University of Dundee in 1993 by Lightbody, Michael Morrison, after briefly using the name Polar Bear and losing Morrison as a member, the band became Snow Patrol in 1997 and added Quinn to its line-up. The band signed on to the record label Polydor Records in 2002. Connolly joined Snow Patrol in 2002, and after their label debut, Final Straw, the following year. The album was certified 5× platinum in the UK and eventually sold over 3 million copies worldwide and their next studio album, Eyes Open, and its hit single, Chasing Cars, propelled the band to greater international fame. The album topped the UK Albums Chart and was the best-selling British album of the year, during the course of their career, Snow Patrol have won seven Meteor Ireland Music Awards and have been nominated for six Brit Awards. Since the release of Final Straw, the band have sold over 13 million albums worldwide and their first EP was entitled The Yogurt vs. Yoghurt Debate. In 1996, they changed their name to Polar Bear to avoid issues with any American bands that were also named Shrug, shortly afterwards, drummer Michael Morrison left the band after suffering a breakdown and returned to Northern Ireland. In mid-1997, Polar Bear released a three-track EP, Starfighter Pilot, the band again renamed, this time to Snow Patrol in 1997, because of a naming conflict with another band of the same name fronted by Janes Addictions ex-bassist Eric Avery. At this point, Jonny Quinn, from Northern Ireland, joined as permanent drummer, Snow Patrol joined independent label Jeepster in 1997, home of Belle & Sebastian. Jeepster had the idea for Snow Patrol as the approach they had with Belle & Sebastian. The band were happy to be associated with an indie label, at that time, they were quoted as saying they expected Jeepster wouldnt expect them to have a strict work ethic or focus too much on promotional efforts. Snow Patrols debut album was Songs for Polarbears, released in 1998 after the band had started living in Glasgow, Lightbody was then working at the Nice n Sleazys Bar in Sauchiehall Street. The album was a success, but did not make any impact commercially. The same year, the band close to getting featured in a worldwide advertisement for Philips. In 1999, the won the Phil Lynott Award for Best New Band by Irish music magazine Hot Press. In 2001, still living in Glasgow, the followed up with When Its All Over We Still Have to Clear Up

16.
Mads Mikkelsen
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Mads Dittmann Mikkelsen is a Danish actor. Originally a gymnast and dancer, he began his career as an actor in 1996, in 2012, he was voted the Danish American Societys Person of the Year. He starred in the critically acclaimed TV series Hannibal as Dr. Hannibal Lecter, in 2016, Mikkelsen portrayed Kaecilius in Marvels film Doctor Strange and Galen Erso in Lucasfilms Rogue One, A Star Wars Story. He is set to star in Hideo Kojimas video game Death Stranding, a. O. Mikkelsen was born in Østerbro, Copenhagen, the second son of Bente Christiansen, a nurse, and Henning Mikkelsen, a bank teller and trade union official. He and his brother, Lars Mikkelsen, who is also an actor, were raised in Nørrebro. In his youth, he trained as a gymnast, wanting to pursue athletics, during his dancing career, Mikkelsen met choreographer Hanne Jacobsen, whom he married in 2000. He was a dancer for almost a decade until he left it behind to study drama at the Århus Theatre School in 1996. He made his debut in Nicolas Winding Refns internationally successful film Pusher which would later spawn two sequels, in which he played a drug dealer. He went on to play marginalized, often comic roles in popular Danish movies, in 1999, Mikkelsen had a leading role as Lenny, a shy film expert who suffers from avoidant personality disorder, opposite Kim Bodnia in Refns Bleeder. In 2000, Mikkelsen played a gangster opposite Søren Pilmark, Ulrich Thomsen and Nikolaj Lie Kaas in Anders Thomas Jensens Copenhagen gangster movie, the following year, he gained wider popularity when he starred in the gay comedy Shake It All About. He also won best actor for this performance at the Rouen Nordic Film Festival in 2003, in 2003, Mikkelsen had a leading role as a man who leaves his wife and child in the short picture Nu. He starred opposite Kaas in The Green Butchers, playing an orphaned butchers assistant in a small provincial Danish town and he won the Fantasporto Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of the butcher. Although a critical success in Spain, the film was received in Scandinavian countries. In 2004, he returned to his role as drug dealer Tonny in the Pusher sequel and his performance was acclaimed, garnering him the Bodil Award for Best Actor, Zulu Award for Best Actor and Robert Festival Award for Best Actor. One writer likened his pose in the mirror in the film to Robert De Niro in Martin Scorseses Taxi Driver, in 2005, Mikkelsen portrayed an unorthodox country vicar named Ivan who challenges a neo-Nazi to bake an apple pie in Adams Apples. dk. The series 32 episodes stretched over four years and he became more widely known internationally for his role as Tristan in Jerry Bruckheimers production of the movie King Arthur, which was a commercial success despite negative reviews. In 2006, Mikkelsen starred opposite Stine Stengade and Jana Plodková in Ole Christian Madsens award-winning film Prag and his role as Christoffer earned him the Zulu Award for Best Actor and Bodil and Robert Festival nominations for Best Actor. Eddie Cockrell of Variety noted his rigid countenance in an outstanding performance, the same year, Mikkelsen achieved his first widely acclaimed international success as Le Chiffre in the twenty-first James Bond film, Casino Royale

17.
Lady Gaga
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Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta, known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She performed initially in theater, appearing in school plays. From there, Akon noticed her vocal abilities and helped her to sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and her debut album The Fame was a critical and commercial success that produced international chart-topping singles such as Just Dance and Poker Face. A follow-up EP, The Fame Monster, was met with a reception and Bad Romance, Telephone. Her second full-length album Born This Way was released in 2011, topping the charts in more than 20 countries, including the United States, the album produced the number-one single Born This Way. Her third album Artpop, released in 2013, topped the US charts, in 2014, Gaga released a collaborative jazz album with Tony Bennett titled Cheek to Cheek, which became her third consecutive number one in the United States. For her work in the television series American Horror Story, Hotel, with her fifth studio album Joanne, she became the first woman to have four US number one albums in the 2010s. In February 2017, Gaga headlined the Super Bowl LI halftime show which had an audience of over 150 million across various platforms worldwide. With global album and single sales of 27 million and 146 million respectively, as of January 2016 and her achievements include twelve Guinness World Records, three Brit Awards, and six Grammy Awards. She is also the first artist to win the Songwriters Hall of Fames Contemporary Icon Award, in 2013, Gaga finished second on Times readers poll of the most influential people of the past ten years, while in 2015, she was named Billboards Woman of the Year. Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta was born on March 28,1986 and she is the elder daughter of Cynthia Louise Cindy and Internet entrepreneur Joseph Joe Germanotta. Gaga has three Italian grandparents and one American grandparent, as well as French Canadian ancestry, Gagas sister Natali is a fashion student. From age 11, she attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart and she described her academic life in high school as very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined but also a bit insecure. I used to get made fun of for being too provocative or too eccentric. I didnt fit in, and I felt like a freak, in 2014, Gaga said she was raped at the age of 19. She stated, I went through some things that Im able to laugh now, because Ive gone through a lot of mental and physical therapy. Gaga later said that she suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder because of the rape, and that support from doctors, family, and friends really saved my life. Gaga began playing the piano at the age of four, wrote her first piano ballad at 13 and she performed lead roles in high school productions, including Adelaide in Guys and Dolls and Philia in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum

18.
Bad Romance
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Bad Romance is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third extended play, The Fame Monster. It was written and produced by Gaga and RedOne, lyrically, Bad Romance explores Gagas attraction to individuals with whom romance never works, her preference for lonely relationships and the paranoia she experienced while on tour. Following an illegal demo leak, Gaga showcased the product at Alexander McQueens show at the Paris Fashion Week in October 2009. Musically, Bad Romance features a bridge, a full-throated chorus. The song, which is imbued with elements of Germanesque house and techno, as well as music from 1980s, the song contains a few lines in French. Most commentators were enticed by Bad Romance, which they declared one of the highlights of The Fame Monster album. It achieved worldwide success by topping the charts in a variety of markets, ultimately selling 12 million copies worldwide, the accompanying music video of Bad Romance features Gaga inside a surreal white bathhouse. There, she gets kidnapped by a group of supermodels who drug her, the music video ends with Gaga burning the man alive who bought her. The songs video garnered acclaim from critics, who not only applauded the risqué and symbolic nature of the plot, in 2011, the music video was voted the best video of the 2000s by readers of Billboard. It was nominated for numerous superlatives, including ten awards at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga collaborated with Nadir RedOne Khayat in writing Bad Romance, with Khayat taking charge of production. The song was recorded at Record Plant Studios in Los Angeles, Bad Romance was released as the lead single from The Fame Monster, Gagas follow-up to her debut album, The Fame. Before its official release, a version of the song was published illegally on the internet, prompting Gaga to comment via Twitter. Wait till you hear the real version, a snippet of the song was performed on Saturday Night Live on October 3,2009, along with Poker Face and LoveGame. The final version of Bad Romance premiered during the finale of fashion designer Alexander McQueens 2010 Paris Fashion Week show, according to Gaga, the song was one of her initial efforts among the songs that she wrote in 2009 while touring. The songs composed during that time were about the various abstract monsters—metaphors for her paranoias—that she faced during the tour, one of these concepts became the inspiration behind Bad Romance. Gaga explained that she felt lonely when she was involved in a relationship. Bad Romance explores her preference for lonely relationships and her poor choice in men. Gaga wrote the lyrics of Bad Romance in Norway on her tour bus and she further elaborated on the writing process in an interview with Grazia, I was in Russia, then Germany, and spent a lot of time in Eastern Europe

19.
Train (band)
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Train is an American roots rock band from San Francisco, formed in 1993. The band currently consists of Patrick Monahan, Jimmy Stafford, Luis Maldonado, Hector Maldonado, Drew Shoals, and Jerry Becker. As of the summer of 2016, founding member Jimmy Stafford is currently in the band, Trains 2001 album, Drops of Jupiter contained the lead single Drops of Jupiter, which won two Grammy Awards in 2002. The album was certified platinum in the United States and Canada. Trains third studio album, My Private Nation, released in 2003, was certified platinum in the United States with the hit Calling All Angels. Following the departures of Hotchkiss and Colin, the released their fourth album, For Me, Its You in 2006, with Brandon Bush. Despite a generally positive reception from critics, the album was commercially unsuccessful, because of this, Train went on a two-year hiatus from recording any new music. The album itself has been certified gold by both the RIAA and ARIA and has sold 954,000 units, since 2008, Jerry Becker and Hector Maldonado have been touring and recording with the group around the world. In May 2012, Nikita Houston and Sakai Smith also became touring members Train, in April 2012, Train released their sixth studio album titled California 37. The first single from the album entitled Drive By reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was a Top 10 hit in the UK, just under two and a half years later, in September 2014, Train released their seventh studio album titled Bulletproof Picasso. It received positive reviews from critics, however, similar to the bands fourth album For Me, Its You, it failed commercially. Despite peaking high on charts, it failed to generate any hit singles and it was also the bands first album without drummer and founding member Scott Underwood, who departed the band prior to recording the album. Following his departure, Drew Shoals became the new drummer of the band, shortly after the bands tour for Bulletproof Picasso, Train released a Christmas album exclusively on Amazon Music titled Christmas in Tahoe in November 2015. The album features 15 songs, which included covers of classic holiday hits and three original songs. In June 2016, Train released another new album titled Train Does Led Zeppelin II, the bands tenth studio album, titled A Girl, a Bottle, a Boat, was released in January 2017. Since their debut in the industry, Train has sold over 10 million albums and 30 million tracks worldwide. Following the dissolution of his Led Zeppelin cover band Rogues Gallery, singer Pat Monahan left his hometown of Erie and he resettled in California and crossed paths with Rob Hotchkiss, who performed in coffee houses and local clubs. The two shared vocals, with Hotchkiss on guitar and harmonica, and Monahan playing percussion

20.
The Other Side (Paul van Dyk song)
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The Other Side is a single released on Paul van Dyks second DJ mix album The Politics of Dancing 2. Paul van Dyk wrote the song in retort to the tsunami which hit southeast Asia on 26 December 2004. Van Dyk believes it is important to recognise that many thousands of people were affected by this tragedy, the Other Side portrays the feeling of still being with a person, in ones thoughts, who has died. It expresses the faith and aspiration of seeing that person again on the other side, the single also includes remixes by Deep Dish, Mark Spoon and Martin Roth. It features Wayne Jackson on vocals, formerly of the band the Dostoyevskys, the video features a poor elderly man going through a day in his life, with two ever-present people observing and occasionally influencing his life. The Other Side The Other Side The Other Side The Other Side * The Other Side The Other Side * The Other Side * The Other Side The Other Side The Other Side The Other Side The Other Side

21.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network

22.
Virtual International Authority File
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The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transitions to a service of the OCLC on April 4,2012, the aim is to link the national authority files to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together, a VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary see and see also records from the original records, and refers to the original authority records. The data are available online and are available for research and data exchange. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting protocol, the file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata. VIAFs clustering algorithm is run every month, as more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records

23.
Integrated Authority File
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The Integrated Authority File or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives, the GND is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero license, the GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification, and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an ontology intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web, available in the RDF format

24.
MusicBrainz
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MusicBrainz is a project that aims to create an open data music database that is similar to the freedb project. MusicBrainz was founded in response to the placed on the Compact Disc Database. MusicBrainz has expanded its goals to reach beyond a compact disc metadata storehouse to become an open online database for music. MusicBrainz captures information about artists, their works, and the relationships between them. Recorded works entries capture at a minimum the album title, track titles, and these entries are maintained by volunteer editors who follow community written style guidelines. Recorded works can also store information about the date and country. As of 26 July 2016, MusicBrainz contained information about roughly 1.1 million artists,1.6 million releases, end-users can use software that communicates with MusicBrainz to add metadata tags to their digital media files, such as MP3, Ogg Vorbis or AAC. As with other contributions, the MusicBrainz community is in charge for maintaining and reviewing the data, besides collecting metadata about music, MusicBrainz also allows looking up recordings by their acoustic fingerprint. A separate application, such as MusicBrainz Picard, must be used for this, in 2000, MusicBrainz started using Relatables patented TRM for acoustic fingerprint matching. This feature attracted many users and allowed the database to grow quickly, however, by 2005 TRM was showing scalability issues as the number of tracks in the database had reached into the millions. This issue was resolved in May 2006 when MusicBrainz partnered with MusicIP, tRMs were phased out and replaced by MusicDNS in November 2008. In October 2009 MusicIP was acquired by AmpliFIND, some time after the acquisition, the MusicDNS service began having intermittent problems. Since the future of the free service was uncertain, a replacement for it was sought. The Chromaprint acoustic fingerprinting algorithm, the basis for AcoustID identification service, was started in February 2010 by a long-time MusicBrainz contributor Lukáš Lalinský, while AcoustID and Chromaprint are not officially MusicBrainz projects, they are closely tied with each other and both are open source. Chromaprint works by analyzing the first two minutes of a track, detecting the strength in each of 12 pitch classes, storing these 8 times per second, additional post-processing is then applied to compress this fingerprint while retaining patterns. The AcoustID search server then searches from the database of fingerprints by similarity, since 2003, MusicBrainzs core data are in the public domain, and additional content, including moderation data, is placed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-SA-2.0 license. The relational database management system is PostgreSQL, the server software is covered by the GNU General Public License. The MusicBrainz client software library, libmusicbrainz, is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License, in December 2004, the MusicBrainz project was turned over to the MetaBrainz Foundation, a non-profit group, by its creator Robert Kaye

Manchester
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Manchester is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 514,414 as of 2013. It lies within the United Kingdoms second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.55 million, Manchester is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east and an arc of towns with whic

1.
Clockwise from top: the city seen from a distance, Beetham Tower, Manchester Civil Justice Centre, Midland Hotel, One Angel Square, Manchester Town Hall

England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain

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Stonehenge, a Neolithic monument

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Flag

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Boudica led an uprising against the Roman Empire

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Replica of a 7th-century ceremonial helmet from the Kingdom of East Anglia, found at Sutton Hoo

English people
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The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England, who speak the English language. The English identity is of medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn. Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD, England is one of the countr

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"The Arrival of the First Ancestors of Englishmen out of Germany into Britain": a fanciful image of the Anglo-Saxon migration, an event central to the English national myth. From A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence by Richard Verstegan (1605)

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A reconstruction of an Anglo-Saxon burial chamber at Sutton Hoo, East Anglia.

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King Harold II of England (right) at the Norman court, from the Bayeux Tapestry

Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble o

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American jazz singer and songwriter Billie Holiday in New York City in 1947

Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hit

1.
Songwriter and singer Chris de Burgh.

Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select th

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Alan Parsons in an ESO 50th anniversary video.

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A Danish recording session

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Mixing Console

Berlin
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Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million, Berlin is the second most populous city proper, due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the area is composed of forests, parks

Wales
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Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and it had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2. Wales has over 1,680 miles of coastline and is mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central

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Bryn Celli Ddu, a late Neolithic chambered tomb on Anglesey

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Flag

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This article is about the country. For other uses, see Wales (disambiguation).

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Coin of Magnus Maximus

Manchester City F.C.
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Manchester City Football Club is a football club in Manchester, England. Founded in 1880 as St. Marks, they became Ardwick Association Football Club in 1887, the club moved to the City of Manchester Stadium in 2003, having played at Maine Road since 1923. After losing the 1981 FA Cup Final, the club went through a period of decline, having regained

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St. Marks (Gorton) in 1884 – the reason for the Maltese cross is now unknown

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Manchester City

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The Manchester City team which won the FA Cup in 1904

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Manchester City against Bayern Munich in the UEFA Champions League in 2011

Oasis (band)
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Oasis were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1991. Developed from a group, the Rain, the band originally consisted of Liam Gallagher, Paul Bonehead Arthurs, Paul Guigsy McGuigan. They were later joined by Liams older brother Noel Gallagher as a fifth member, Oasis signed to independent record label Creation Records in 1993 and released t

Paul van Dyk
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Matthias Paul, better known by his stage name Paul van Dyk is a German Grammy Award-winning DJ, record producer and musician. He was named the Worlds number one DJ in both 2005 and 2006, something only few DJs have ever achieved and he was the first ever DJ to be named number one by Mixmag in 2005. By 2008, he had sold over 3 million albums worldwi

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Paul van Dyk

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Paul van Dyk at the Lizard Lounge in Dallas on February 14, 2015.

Bela B.
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Dirk Felsenheimer, better known under his stage name Bela B. is a German musician, singer and songwriter. He is best known for being the drummer and one of the singers in the German band Die Ärzte, in 2006, he released his first solo album entitled Bingo. Bela B. is also an actor and has done several voice-overs for television, dirk Albert Felsenhe

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Bela B.

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Bela B. at Highfield Festival 2014

U2
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U2 are an Irish rock band from Dublin formed in 1976. The group consists of Bono, the Edge, Adam Clayton, initially rooted in post-punk, U2s sound grew to incorporate influences from many genres of popular music, yet has maintained an anthemic sound. Their lyrics, often embellished with spiritual imagery, focus on personal themes, popular for their

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U2 performing at Madison Square Garden in November 2005, from left to right: The Edge; Larry Mullen, Jr. (drumming); Bono; Adam Clayton

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Bono performs in Norway during the War Tour in 1983.

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The tree pictured on The Joshua Tree album sleeve. Adam Clayton said, "The desert was immensely inspirational to us as a mental image for this record."

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The Zoo TV Tour was a multimedia-intensive event, featuring a stage that used dozens of video screens.

Editors (band)
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Editors are an English rock band, formed in 2002 in Stafford. Previously known as Pilot, The Pride and Snowfield, the band consists of Tom Smith, Russell Leetch, Ed Lay, Justin Lockey. Editors have so far released two studio albums, and five in total, with several million combined sales. Their debut album The Back Room was released in 2005 and it c

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Editors performing in 2010

Snow Patrol
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Snow Patrol are a Northern Irish/Scottish rock band formed in 1993, consisting of Gary Lightbody, Nathan Connolly, Paul Wilson, Jonny Quinn, and Johnny McDaid. Initially an indie band, the group rose to prominence in the early-mid 2000s as part of the post-Britpop movement. The group was founded at the University of Dundee in 1993 by Lightbody, Mic

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Snow Patrol originated from a band called Polar Bear, which formed in 1993 and consisted of Gary Lightbody, Michael Morrison and Mark McClelland.

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Nathan Connolly was asked to join the band in 2002.

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Paul Wilson replaced bassist Mark McClelland in March 2005.

Mads Mikkelsen
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Mads Dittmann Mikkelsen is a Danish actor. Originally a gymnast and dancer, he began his career as an actor in 1996, in 2012, he was voted the Danish American Societys Person of the Year. He starred in the critically acclaimed TV series Hannibal as Dr. Hannibal Lecter, in 2016, Mikkelsen portrayed Kaecilius in Marvels film Doctor Strange and Galen

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Mikkelsen at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival

Lady Gaga
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Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta, known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She performed initially in theater, appearing in school plays. From there, Akon noticed her vocal abilities and helped her to sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and her debut album The Fame was a critical and commercial succ

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Gaga performing at the Cheek to Cheek Tour in June 2015

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Gaga (right) performing with Lady Starlight at Lollapalooza 2007

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Gaga performing in a bar, sporting one of her earlier looks, October 2008

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Gaga performing at The Fame Ball Tour in 2009

Bad Romance
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Bad Romance is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third extended play, The Fame Monster. It was written and produced by Gaga and RedOne, lyrically, Bad Romance explores Gagas attraction to individuals with whom romance never works, her preference for lonely relationships and the paranoia she experienced while on tour. Following an illegal

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"Bad Romance"

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Gaga performing "Bad Romance" live on The Today Show

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Gaga, surrounded by her dancers, performing "Bad Romance" on the revamped Monster Ball show, after crawling out of a gyroscope.

Train (band)
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Train is an American roots rock band from San Francisco, formed in 1993. The band currently consists of Patrick Monahan, Jimmy Stafford, Luis Maldonado, Hector Maldonado, Drew Shoals, and Jerry Becker. As of the summer of 2016, founding member Jimmy Stafford is currently in the band, Trains 2001 album, Drops of Jupiter contained the lead single Dro

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Pat Monahan and Jimmy Stafford of Train performing in January 2011

The Other Side (Paul van Dyk song)
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The Other Side is a single released on Paul van Dyks second DJ mix album The Politics of Dancing 2. Paul van Dyk wrote the song in retort to the tsunami which hit southeast Asia on 26 December 2004. Van Dyk believes it is important to recognise that many thousands of people were affected by this tragedy, the Other Side portrays the feeling of still

Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving c

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Wayback Machine

Virtual International Authority File
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The Virtual International Authority File is an international authority file. It is a joint project of national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center. The project was initiated by the US Library of Congress, the German National Library, the National Library of France joined the project on October 5,2007. The project transition

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Screenshot 2012

Integrated Authority File
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The Integrated Authority File or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives, the GND is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various regional library netw

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GND screenshot

MusicBrainz
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MusicBrainz is a project that aims to create an open data music database that is similar to the freedb project. MusicBrainz was founded in response to the placed on the Compact Disc Database. MusicBrainz has expanded its goals to reach beyond a compact disc metadata storehouse to become an open online database for music. MusicBrainz captures inform