Resum:

A high-resolution (~1.2km) 3D circulation model nested in one-way to a coarse-resolution (~4km) 3D regional model was used to examine the interaction between the Northern Current and the Blanes submarine canyon (~41°00’-41°46’N; ~02°24’-03°24’E); paying particular attention to upwelling/downwelling events and cross-shelf break water exchange. A Lagrangian particle-tracking algorithm coupled to the high-resolution 3D circulation model was also used to examine the role of the Northern Current (NC) and its seasonal variability on the dispersion of passive particles and residence time within Blanes Canyon (BC). Although it refers to a climatological simulation (i.e. no interannual variability), at this resolution, the Rossby radius of deformation for the Mediterranean Sea (5-12 km) is resolved. Therefore the numerical modeling system properly suites our purpose, since it adequately reproduces the NC mesoscale variability and its seasonality. Satisfactory validation of model results with remote sensing and in-situ observations supports the present findings.
The simulated NC tends to be fast and deep in winter, and slow and shallow in summer. NC meanders and eddies are recurrent in the BC area and produce highly fluctuating three-dimensional circulation patterns within the canyon. NC meanders and anticyclonic eddies propagating along the current pathway tend to be deep and, consequently, their effects extend down to the deeper part of BC. The meandering of the NC plays a key role in enhancing vertical motions within the canyon. NC meanders produce an oscillation of the vertical flow characterized by net upwelling when the meander is located over the upstream side of the canyon followed by net downwelling as the meander moves downstream. Associated with NC meanders passing over BC, upwelling and downwelling events occur on timescales of 4 to 20 days and they are more frequent in winter. These findings provide further evidence that continuous downwelling favourable (right-bounded) flows can produce net upwelling inside submarine canyons.
Concerning cross-shelf break water exchange, one significant finding from this study is that the amount of water moved across the shelf break at the upstream upper canyon wall is approximately two times larger than the amount of water moved downstream. This preferential zone for cross-shelf break exchange is related to the asymmetry of the shelf break geometry that is characterized by a sharp curvature upstream. Results also show that cross-shelf break water exchange is higher (~30%) in winter than in summer. On the other hand, particle-tracking experiments show that passive particles released from the mid-shelf to the upper-slope drift along the shelf edge with a net downward movement within the upper canyon. They also show that particle dispersion is higher in winterthan in summer and that particles travelling below the canyon rim (i.e. below 100 m depth) have longer residence times within the canyon.