..Dichotomizing autistic probands by severity and type of repetitive behaviors (circumscribed interests and compulsive rituals) may yield more homogenous groups, which could be helpful in genetic linkage studies...

..616). This study provides preliminary support for the use of divalproex in treating repetitive behaviours in ASD. Further research is needed to evaluate the specificity and mechanism of action of these findings...

A placebo controlled crossover trial of liquid fluoxetine on repetitive behaviors in childhood and adolescent autism

Eric HollanderSeaver and New York Autism Center of Excellence, New York, NY 10029, USANeuropsychopharmacology 30:582-9. 2005

..Limitations include small sample size and the crossover design of the study. Further replication and long-term maintenance trials are needed...

..These subtle neurological abnormalities may implicate a potential subgroup of OCD patients with poorer treatment response. This may have treatment implications and therefore serve as a screening tool in OCD...

..To the authors' knowledge, this is the first placebo-controlled treatment study in pathological gamblers with bipolar spectrum disorders; it compares sustained-release lithium carbonate to placebo...

..Additionally, depression and suicide are frequent complications of BDD. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments for the management of BDD with coexisting social anxiety are presented in this article...

..Our case suggests that topiramate might be beneficial in augmentation with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with treatment-resistant OCD, although further investigations are warranted to confirm our findings...

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A critical review

Low-frequency rTMS over right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the treatment of resistant depression: cognitive improvement is independent from clinical response, resting motor threshold is related to clinical response

..To date, data are mixed for interventions commonly prescribed in clinical practice and suggest several areas of investigation in advancing research on the medication management of repetitive behaviors...

..No significant associations were found between serotonin level and the primary behavioral outcome measures. However, a significant inverse relationship between serotonin level and self-injury was demonstrated...

..Making distinctions among families by the severity of these features may be useful for identifying more genetically homogeneous subgroups in studies targeted at genes for specific autism-related symptom domains...

..The correlations between the G-SAS and the PG-YBOCS and Clinical Global Impression rating were excellent. Findings suggest that the G-SAS is reliable and valid in assessing changes in symptoms during a drug treatment study...

..Nevertheless, promising findings regarding efficacy, tolerability, and non-invasiveness and/or reversibility of these techniques have increased interest in investigating their use in treatment-resistant OCD...

..These findings suggest that levetiracetam does not improve behavioral disturbances of autism, but are limited by the small sample size and lack of stratification of the autistic sample at baseline...

..Patients failed to show these patterns. Autism patients have dysfunction in some but not all of the key brain regions subserving verbal memory performance, and other regions may be recruited for task performance...

Relationship of personality to dissociation and childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dissociation and childhood trauma in BPD and to explore the relationships of dissociation and trauma to various personality features of BPD...

A preliminary study of cortisol and norepinephrine reactivity to psychosocial stress in borderline personality disorder with high and low dissociation

..In conclusion, despite its small sample size this pilot study suggests that dissociative symptomatology may be a marker of heightened biological vulnerability to stress in BPD, and merits further study...

Linkage analysis for autism in a subset families with obsessive-compulsive behaviors: evidence for an autism susceptibility gene on chromosome 1 and further support for susceptibility genes on chromosome 6 and 19

..More results are needed before the effectiveness of the nonpharmacologic treatments for OCD can be determined...

WCA Recommendations for the long-term treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder

Dan J SteinMedical Research Council Research Unit on Anxiety Disorder, University of Stellenbosch, Cape Town, Tygerberg, South AfricaCNS Spectr 8:31-9. 2003

..Only SSRIs have been proven effective and safe in long-term randomized controlled trials. Current guidelines from the Expert Consensus Panel for PTSD recommend treatment of chronic PTSD for a minimum of 12-24 months...

Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

..In light of the chronicity and disability associated with social phobia, as well as the high relapse rate after short-term therapy, it is recommended that effective treatment be continued for at least 12 months...

Divalproex versus placebo for the prevention of irritability associated with fluoxetine treatment in autism spectrum disorder