Blake, author of the K162space blog wrote this week about the billions he's made speculating on the PI commodity market.

He writes:

I bought a lot of Mechanical Parts at NPC prices, 646.00 ISK, before Tyrannis hit the shelves and have made a killing on this poorly implemented expansion.

I read the dev blogs, Akita T’s posts, and played around with extraction rates on the test server. All my Excel sheets showed Mechanical Parts costing around 8,700 ISK to make. Once the actual Jita price hit that level, I dumped my stock.

Now, while it's true that certain P2 commodities have gone through the roof (for the moment), I take issue with his assertion that this happened because the manufacturing costs of those items is too high. Blake's Excel sheets are, I believe, simply wrong.

Here's why:

Advanced Command Center

Once online, a facility based on an Advanced PI Command Center can manufacture about 300 units of Mechanical Parts per day. This assumes the same PI facility is extracting the raw materials, and producing the reactive and precious metal inputs to Mechanical Parts as well as the P2 Mechanical Parts themselves. Output will vary depending on the precise set-up, but for our purposes let's hold to that 300 per day.

The price of Mechanical Parts will be the cost of the facility divided by the total number of units produced over time, plus export charges. Once the facility investment is paid off, the cost of production is reduced to the export charges.

The cost for the above facility is a bit less than 6.5 million. At 300 units per day, it will take 33.4 days to produce the 10,000 units of Mechanical Parts needed to drive my per-unit manufacturing costs down to roughly 650 isk - about the cost at which Blake bought his pre-PI inventory. As production continues, the per unit cost asymptotically approaches zero.

So, over a fairly short period of time, manufacturing costs for Mechanical Parts will drop significantly below the $8,700 anticipated by Blake. Selling the inventory well below Blake's sell point will repay the initial facility investment very quickly (10 days assuming an average price of 2,200 ISK per unit), after which it's pure profit minus trivial export fees.

"But Mord," you ask, "If Coolant, Mechanical Parts and such are so cheap to make, why has their price gone up? Why is Blake hauling in all those iskies?"

Well, I'm glad you asked.

See, before PI, all PI products were price controlled. They entered the market from NPC stations at a fixed price. All across New Eden, the same Mechanical Part, or Caldari Control Tower could be gotten at the appropriate NPC stations for the same price. You could buy them and sell them elsewhere, but that amounted to playing around the margins of the controlled price.

If you sold for less, you were losing money. If you sold for more, you had to compete with the controlled NPC price. On top of that, NPC sellers had a nearly infinite reserve of inventory to sell, which restricted the influence of supply in PI product cost.

When PI price controls were removed, the market reacted.

In many cases there was a sudden spike in price while player PI production moved to fill the gap left by the removal of NPC inventory from the market. Mobile Labs, for example, jumped quickly from their fixed price of 90 million to 110 million ISK when PI was introduced.

POS fuels like Machine Parts, however, are inexpensive commodities. Players tend to stockpile them, especially when supply may be uncertain. When you have an inventory cushion like this in place, you're price-elastic; if you don't like the market price, you can wait around for a better price to come along.

But, when the POS start crying for Mechanical Parts and the POS fuel hanger is empty, you become price-inelastic. You can't wait. You've got to buy at the going market rate if you want to keep your labs, harvesters and refineries on-line.

Meanwhile, the inventory of P2 POS fuels hadn't fully recovered.

Most produced units never see the market. They are used as inputs to P3 products, or produced by POS owners who consume their own product and bank up any the surplus for future use. Some nullsec alliances, in a bid to be independent from empire, forbid the export of PI products from their spheres of influence. All of this conspired to create a scarcity of supply.

Demand went up. Supply did not. Prices rose. Some players started buying up available inventory in order to protect themselves against future price increases. Traders bought and held inventory in order to sell against higher prices in the future. All this drove prices up further. Wash, rinse, repeat.

This is called a market bubble.

However, before you rush out and start stocking up on P2 POS fuels, bear this in mind: Buy low. Sell high.

As I explained above, the price of a Mechanical Part is way out of line with that the manufacture cost of that part.

If the price is high and the cost of manufacture is low, it's almost a sure thing that prices will go down. High prices draw new producers into the market. The prospect of getting even 8000 ISK per unit for an item that costs next to nothing to manufacture is going to tick up production pretty quick. Inventory is going to go up as all those CareBears go for their piece of the pie. Next thing you know, we'll be in a race for the bottom.

You want 8,000 ISK for your Mechanical Parts? I can still make a killing at 4,000. Oh, you're selling for 4,000? I can undersell you at 3,000 and still make a cool profit. Next thing you know, the guy who speculated at 6,000 per unit is dumping his inventory on the market at 2,500 so he doesn't lose his whole investment.

Because of the 'cool' factor, Mobile Laboratories dropped very quickly from that 110 million ISK high to their current 48 million. Advanced Mobile Laboratories that sold for 150 million at NPC prices can be gotten for 70 million. A Caldari Control Tower that would have cost you 350 million pre-PI can be had for under 195 million now that players are building them. If everybody wants to build a thing its price is going to come down.

And trust me, there's nothing like an obscenely high profit margin to make a thing cool.

So. If Blake's spreadsheets were wrong, how did he make all that money speculating on Mechanical Parts?

In a word; luck.

And I don't say that to dismiss Blake's accomplishment. In markets, luck is as important as smarts. There are a lot of Wall Street traders who'd rather be lucky than good. I know a couple of guys in EVE who bought up every control tower they could afford. Their own spread sheets that showed tower prices were going to go through the roof. It was a can't-miss opportunity. However, most of them got burned when the cool factor made mock of their spreadsheets.

In his blog opening Blake says the Tyrannis PI implementation was flawed. I don't think that's the case, except insofar as EVE's markets behaved the same messy way as markets in Real Life do. Yeah, I could complain that Mechanical Parts shouldn't be so expensive. but then I'd have to complain that Caldari Control Towers are too cheap.

The market winds blow good to one and bad to another - 'like the very rain of heaven, upon the just and the unjust alike'. Just another day in the EVE sandbox.

4 comments:

You clearly have a better understanding of such things than I do, so I was wondering about a few things.

First being the demand for Mech Parts driving up the prices. Now while I think that creating 300 per colony per day isn't that bad, the demand is huge for these. Based on my hand math, I guessed around 58 million Mech parts and around 58.2 million CE's are consumed per day "in the wild." That's a pretty voracious appetite!

It will take a pretty solid backbone of PI colonies to spit out that much Mech parts on a daily basis to keep up with demand. This lack of supply, it would stand to reason, would drive up the cost as we are seeing currently, inflating MP and CE prices by the time they get to Jita or a major market hub. Possibly evening out some after supply boosts because of the money that can be made, but I think there will be a point where for an extended period of time the cost for these parts will remain high.

Further inflating market prices would be the opportunity cost of making any of these commodities. That being the time you spend building/harvesting your PI stuff could be better and likely more profitably spent doing something else. Hence a increase in cost thanks to the "cost" of shipping and handling.

I also saw some market panic recently when MP started increasing people like Blake sold their lots, temporarily and possibly artificially keeping prices <8k or so mark because of increased supply from these sources. Once these admittedly smallish holdings get cleared out the PI influx per day will have to be strong enough to keep all these towers alive, and I think that will end up meaning higher costing parts because I don't see enough MP being produced to maintain the current level of cost.

Something else I was wondering if it would keep prices higher is simple greed. Say we both produce MP, if you place your product on the market at 4400k/u and mine are up at 8k/u I would still buy out your stock and resale that at 8k, netting me 50% profit off your work. I doubt you will keep placing such under priced items with the demand high enough that people would want to purchase them at the 8k mark I set or higher.

Is my guess correct, is the supply going to be too low to support the appetites of all those POS people out there?

One thing is for sure though, the POS demand will remain a constant, if not increasing point of contention to keep the price of said commodities high.

Thanks for the good breakdown of the PI fun to be had out there right now!

First of all, remember that most produced Mechanical Parts never see the market-place. PI skills are a quick train and, financially, it makes more sense when prices are this high to set up shop on a gas planet and make your own. The more prices go up, the more this will occur. That will decrease demand. High prices on price inelastic customers tends to push those customers toward less expensive alternatives over time.

One or two PI facilities won't make a difference. But a cool 2.1 million per day ($7,000 each for 300 units of Mechanical Parts) on a 6.5 million investment is pretty attractive given that the entry cost in terms of training and equipment is very low, and that P2 PI commodities are near-passive income. It's not one guy with a few PI colonies feeding the demand. Market bubbles tend to create a gold-rush effect. It's thousands of CareBears looking for a quick, easy buck that will push up supply.

With regard to opportunity costs, P2 commodities are near-passive income. The entry cost of PI is very low. Maxing out the training with a hauler alt takes about a week and change. With P2 production, the daily opportunity cost for two colonies is about five minutes of clicking while I'm having my morning coffee. Depending on where you set your PI facility, collecting and hauling is a once a week event (if that) that might take half an hour. Seven days production x 2.1 million = just shy of fifteen million isk. Is that worth an hour of the average CareBear's time?

You might buy my inventory, but only if you think you can turn it over at a higher price. I don't need to sell way below your price in order to take orders from you. If you sell at 8,000, I can sell at 6,999. A big jump to the eye of the buyer, but not one that offers you a big margin if you buy me out.

Bear in mind too, that we're not the only people in the market. My lower price will drive greedy competitors looking for a quick sale to lower their prices too. How deep are your pockets? Do you have the nerve to keep buying high when the market price starts heading south? When do you cut your losses and dump your product onto the market?

I've experimented with crashing local markets for a particular item. It's actually fairly easy when the item is priced well over the cost of manufacture. In such cases, the producers have a huge profit margin and are more willing to drop the price in order to move product.

Once the downward cascade begins, it's pretty self-perpetuating. If the price cascade hesitates while the item is still well above cost of manufacture, it's pretty easy to inject new lower-cost product into the market and restart the race to the cellar.

Hey Mord, there's another thing that has too be taken in to consideration when you're talking about PI based POS fuels. Some of the major Industrial producers, I'm talking the ones with multi-billion ISK monthly income, have reportedly stockpiled against volatile fuel prices. At the old NPC prices, one could purchase several YEARS worth of Mechanical Parts for a price that would be pocket change to them.

So while there are some who made massive buys with the intent of turning those products over for massive profit, there's going to be some who bought from NPCs simply to save fuel costs down the road. If there's enough people who did that, there's going to be an artificial drop in the market demand for fuels.

Basically, it may be several YEARS before the market value of PI based POS fuels stabilize to what could be considered equilibrium.

I account for that in the original post - stockpiling and hoarding is a part of any market bubble.

You're right though. Since EVE doesn't carry much in the way of inventory costs (inventory taxes, storage costs, space limitations, etc) there's no incentive to manage inventory carefully against need or market demand as happens in real life.