3.3 Holonlc Multi Agent System
Many years ago, Arthur Koestler proposed the word "1101011B in "The Ghost in the
Machine" [Koestler 67]. It is a combination from the Greek holos = whole, with
the suffix '"on" which, as in proton or neutron, suggests a particle or part. Arthur
Koestler said that all organisms are holons, which are characterized by differentia-
lion, cooperation, and boundaries. A cell is a Holon. Multi agent system is used to
solve problems that are too large, to provide a solution to inherently distributed
problems and increased reliability.
Holons are self-reliant units that have a degree of autonomy to make its own
decision on their exacting level of existence without asking higher-level holons for
support. In fact, an open issue of HMAS is to give holons means of self-
organization to satisfy their goals. A Holon is a self-similar structure composed of
holons as sub-structures. This hierarchical structure composed of holons is ealled a
holarchy. It has two aspects, from one side; Holon is a whole-part construct that is
composed of other holons, excluding it is, at the same time, a component of a
higher-level Holon. A more detailed description can be round in [Koestler 071.

Consciousness, then, does not appear to itself
chopped up in bits...A 'river' or a 'stream' are the
metaphors by which it is most naturally described.
In talking of it hereafter, let us call it the stream of
thought, of consciousness, or of subjective life.
(William James)
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Don't think.
Thinking is the enemy of creativity.
It's self-conscious, and anything self-conscious is lousy.
You can't try to do things.
You sirnply rnust do things.
-Ray Bradbury
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Today self-consciousness
no longer means anything
but reflection on the ego as
embarrassment, as
realization of impotence:
knowing that one is
nothing.
Theodor Adomo
German sociologist
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1903 • 1969

Religion, declares the modern man,
is consciousness of our highest social
values. Nothing could be further
from the truth. True religion is a
profound uneasiness about our
highest social values.
Reinhold Niebuhr
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