The international community has banded together to say the US is violating WTO rules, undermining the security of the global industrial and value chain, and disturbing the global trade order and economic recovery. NataliePang has more.
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published:07 Jul 2018

views:1076

With all the talks about trade and tariffs, I wanted to take a look at some of the criticism about China joining the WTO. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has been further opening up its markets to multinational companies, but there is still a ton of criticism about the speed and scope of market access in China.

published:13 Jul 2018

views:2378

HOW TO PREPARE INDIAN ECONOMY FOR UPSCCSE PRELIMS 2018? https://youtu.be/A-acqr7u74A
BITS ECONOMY VideoLink : https://youtu.be/tJkAiJNtvF0
Economy PrelimsTelegramChannel - https://goo.gl/DAo5zp
To Know more about EconomyGuru : https://goo.gl/zwrHiE
To Know more about Focus Prelims : https://goo.gl/LGw1AE
To Know more about our Current AffairsPlus : https://goo.gl/rv3kNn
To Know more about our Test series-Target Prelims 2018: https://goo.gl/czM4Le
NON VIOLATION COMPLAINTS of INDIAN ECONOMY - PRELIMS IMPORTANT MODEL QUESTION SOLVED.
NEOIAS e-learning classes is an online program whch aims to create CIVIL SERVANTS for the development of the nation by providing the video series of complete topics that are relevant for the CIVIL SERVICES (IAS/IPS) Exam.

published:23 Mar 2018

views:4192

The WTO is front and center in much of the debate over trade policy toward China. There are questions about China’s compliance with the terms of its 2001 accession – a frequent target of government and private sector criticisms. There are charges that the WTO has proven useless in addressing Chinese violations of these terms, or that it is simply not equipped to do so. Some of the most hyperbolic commentary questions whether China should have ever been admitted to the WTO in the first place.

published:27 Sep 2018

views:558

(19 Dec 2018) On Wednesday China'sMinistry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) claimed the continuing Huawei contraversy was a violation of the WTO's rule of nondiscrimination.
The chairman of Huawei challenged the United States and other governments to provide evidence for claims the Chinese tech giant was a security risk.
Huawei have launched a public relations effort to defuse fears that threaten its role in next-generation communications.
The latest curbs have had little impact on Huawei, which is the biggest global maker of network gear and a leader in 5G development.
There are concerns that if restrictions spread, they might hurt Huawei's access to a 5G market industry that analysts say could be worth 20 billion US dollars a year by 2022.
Huawei is China's first global tech competitor, making it politically important to the ruling Communist Party that wants to transform the country from the world's low-wage factory into a leader in fields from robotics to clean energy to biotech.
The company has 180,000 employees and says sales are on track to top 100 billion US dollars this year.
But Canada arrested Huawei executive MengWanzhou on December 1 on US charges that she misled banks about the company's business dealings in Iran.
On December 10Canadian entrepreneur Michael Spavor and ex-diplomat Michael Kovrig were detained in apparent retaliation to the arrest of Meng.
MOFA spokesperson Hua Chunying said at the briefing there was no information about whether a third Canadian was being detained.
China also called for peaceful use of outer space after US PresidentDonald Trump launched the Pentagon's new Space Command in an effort to better organize and advance the military's vast operations in space.
The force could cost as much as 800 million US dollars over the next five years.
This comes amid growing concerns that China and Russia are working on ways to disrupt and disable US satellites.
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published:24 Dec 2018

views:719

This video Describes current terms related to WTO and every year UPSC is asking question from this International OrganisationTelegram: 8800141518
Whats up: 8800141518
ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY ClassStructure
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https://gshindi.com/objective-questions/500-current-based-prelims-question-hindu-indian-express
April Month PIB
https://gshindi.com/pib/pib-magazine-april-march-april-current-mcq-2018
YEAR BOOK QUESTION PART 1
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis/year-book-2018-economic-survey-question
YEAR BOOK QUESTION PART 1
JULY 2017 to March 2018Topic of Current
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis-objective-questions/india-year-book-mcq-part-2
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis/prelims-notes-july-2017-march-2018-part-1-500-question

Chinese experts denounced the list of escalating tariffs announced by the United States as irrational acts that go against the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, hurting China, the world, and itself.
Days after the tariffs on 34 billion U.S. dollars of Chinese goods went into effect, the Trump administration announced a list of tariffs on another 200 billion U.S. dollars' worth of imports from China.
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published:12 Jul 2018

views:93

China imposed tariffs on 128 imported US commodities Monday in response to US import tariffs on steel and aluminum. Who is defending the WTO rules, CNCTalk explains.

published:03 Apr 2018

views:1250

The WTOE-Learning courses are for government officials from developing Members and Observers.
Should you wish to register, please visit the ECampus website: https://ecampus.wto.org/.
Disclaimer: The content on this YouTube channel is intended solely for informal exchange of views between course participants and guests on WTO-related matters. Their content does not constitute an authoritative interpretation of the WTO Agreements, nor can it be used to represent any official position of the WTO, governments or any other institution.

published:28 Sep 2015

views:12219

World Trade Organization (WTO)
We have seen about United Nations in our first few lessons on this International Organization series. In this lesson we are going to see about a closely relative organization WTO that controls the inter country trade relationships across the Globe. We are also going to
• It was Officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, replacing the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948
• It is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade
• Its HQ is situated in – Geneva, Switzerland
• Its Official languages are – English, French, SpanishEvolution of WTO
WTO StructureMinisterial ConferenceGeneral CouncilDirector General
________________________________________
Important Terms before Understanding Functions of WTO
All countries want to protect domestic industries and prevent entry of foreign players. So, they create two types of barriers to International trade viz.
• Tariff Barriers → When Govt. puts heavy import duty / custom duty on Foreign Products which protects domestic players from competition from foreign players
• Non-Tariff barriers → When Domestic players are given subsidies / preference over the foreign players by Govt. for Ex.
• When Govt. is buying some Phones/ Xerox Machines, in the tender it’ll mention that only Domestic companies are allowed.
• Making polices in a way that it’s hard for foreign player to start factory / introduce his product in India
• Key Functions of WTO
• Reduce above stated barriers to international trade – both tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers & Get the members enter into multilateral trade agreements.
•
There are two
SafetyProtection Agreements with regards to Tariff & Non-Tariff Barriers
Non-food products Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT) →Based on Quality & Durability
Food Products Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement (SPS) → Based on Hygiene & Quality
WTO Agreements
GATT - General Agreement on Trade & Tariffs
TBT - Barriers to Trade Agreement
SPS - Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement
TRIMS - Agreement on Trade-Related Investment MeasuresSCM -Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
________________________________________
Agreement on Agriculture, WTO wants to
 Reduce import duty
 Reduce export subsidies
 Reduce Amber box subsides (Domestic subsidies)
Amber Box: De Minimus limits
 The minimal amounts of Amber box subsides permitted by WTO, even though they distort trade
 Calculated on the agriculture production of the given member state in 1986-88
 Limits – Developed ( 5%), Developing (10%), Least Developed (Exempted)
India’s stand
 In 1986: USA agriculture production was far ahead of India. So, their 5% De-Minimus quota will be far bigger than our 10% quota (in absolute figures).
 Input costs have skyrocketed in these decades. But, De-Minimus doesn’t consider inflation factor.
Bali summit and Peace clause (Indonesia)
Trade Facilitation Agreement To cut down the red tape in customs clearance
LDC Exports Exporters from Least developing countries, will get Duty free, quota free (DFQF) access to markets in foreign countries
Food stockholding Led to Peace clause
Peace clause
 No member, can drag any developing country to Dispute settlement mechanism of WTO for violation of De-Minimus limits in AoA, Provided that the said developing country -
 Is paying subsidies for staple food crops for public stockholding program & food security purpose.
 Is providing annual information of its food security Program to WTO.
Trade facilitation agreement (TFA)
 Member nations to publish a detailed list of procedure for import-export, fees, inspection rules, penalties etc.
 Minimize the proof documents and clearance required for customs clearance
India refused to sign Trade Facilitation agreement because –
 TFA maintains that it doesn’t diminish the rights & obligations of members under other agreements of WTO
 For example, under the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) if a developing country is giving Amber box subsidies beyond 10% of its national agriculture production (base year 1986), then other members will be justified in putting trade sanction or WTO-complaint against the said country.
Therefore, Government has decided to use TFA signature as a “BargainingChip” for a permanent solution of food subsidies issue.
India-US agreed to resolve differences over public stockholding for food security under WTO

World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization which regulates international trade. The WTO officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, signed by 123 nations on 15 April 1994, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948. The WTO deals with regulation of trade between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliaments. Most of the issues that the WTO focuses on derive from previous trade negotiations, especially from the Uruguay Round (1986–1994).

The WTO is attempting to complete negotiations on the Doha Development Round, which was launched in 2001 with an explicit focus on developing countries. As of June 2012, the future of the Doha Round remained uncertain: the work programme lists 21 subjects in which the original deadline of 1 January 2005 was missed, and the round is still incomplete. The conflict between free trade on industrial goods and services but retention of protectionism on farm subsidies to domestic agricultural sector (requested by developed countries) and the substantiation of fair trade on agricultural products (requested by developing countries) remain the major obstacles. This impasse has made it impossible to launch new WTO negotiations beyond the Doha Development Round. As a result, there have been an increasing number of bilateral free trade agreements between governments. As of July 2012, there were various negotiation groups in the WTO system for the current agricultural trade negotiation which is in the condition of stalemate.

Deus Ex: Invisible War

Deus Ex: Invisible War is a cyberpunk-themed first-personaction role-playingvideo game developed by Ion Storm and published by Eidos Interactive. Released simultaneously for Microsoft Windows and the Xbox on December 2, 2003, the game is a sequel to the critically acclaimed Deus Ex. The game takes place in 2072, twenty years after Deus Ex, in a world being rebuilt after a catastrophic event called "The Collapse". Following a terrorist attack that destroys the city of Chicago, the player assumes the role of Alex D, a trainee at the Tarsus Academy, whose support is sought by several organizations. As the game progresses, the player learns of conspiratorial factions which seek to drastically change the world.

Invisible War was designed to allow player choice in both plot and gameplay, with branching plot lines and emergent gameplay elements. Upon its release, the game received high critical acclaim for its graphics, gameplay and freedom of choice, but criticism was directed towards below-par enemy AI and design choices that made the game seem over simplified. As of April 2011, the game has sold over 1.2 million copies. The game was eventually followed by a 2011 prequel to both it and the original game called Deus Ex: Human Revolution.

Trade association

A trade association, also known as an industry trade group, business association or sector association, is an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry. An industry trade association participates in public relations activities such as advertising, education, political donations, lobbying and publishing, but its focus is collaboration between companies. Associations may offer other services, such as producing conferences, networking or charitable events or offering classes or educational materials. Many associations are non-profit organizations governed by bylaws and directed by officers who are also members.

Political influence

One of the primary purposes of trade groups, particularly in the United States and to a similar but lesser extent elsewhere, is to attempt to influence public policy in a direction favorable to the group's members. This can take the form of contributions to the campaigns of political candidates and parties through Political Action Committees (PACs); contributions to "issue" campaigns not tied to a candidate or party; and lobbyinglegislators to support or oppose particular legislation. In addition, trade groups attempt to influence the activities of regulatory bodies.

World Trade (band)

History

The band was formed with Sherwood on lead vocals and bass, Gowdy on guitars, Guy Allison on keyboards and Mark T. Williams on drums. World Trade evolved from an earlier band, Lodgic, featuring Sherwood and Allison.

Their 1989 eponymous debut was co-produced by Keith Olsen. A second album followed in 1995 on Magna Carta Records, with Williams being replaced by Jay Schellen. The album was produced by Sherwood. The band's sound had similarities to 1980s Yes and the album included two Chris Squire Experiment songs and Squire (uncredited) assisted on backing vocals.

Sherwood and Schellen also recorded tracks for a series of tribute albums by Magna Carta.

Sherwood has frequently collaborated with Schellen since. In the mid-2000s, Sherwood and Gowdy began work on a new World Trade album, but this was abandoned and material is planned on a release called Psy-Op.

China to WTO: US should pay $7 billion for agreement violation

International community says US violates WTO rules, disturbs global trade order

International community says US violates WTO rules, disturbs global trade order

International community says US violates WTO rules, disturbs global trade order

The international community has banded together to say the US is violating WTO rules, undermining the security of the global industrial and value chain, and disturbing the global trade order and economic recovery. NataliePang has more.
Subscribe to us on YouTube: https://goo.gl/lP12gA
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5:41

Is China keeping its WTO promises?

Is China keeping its WTO promises?

Is China keeping its WTO promises?

With all the talks about trade and tariffs, I wanted to take a look at some of the criticism about China joining the WTO. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has been further opening up its markets to multinational companies, but there is still a ton of criticism about the speed and scope of market access in China.

HOW TO PREPARE INDIAN ECONOMY FOR UPSCCSE PRELIMS 2018? https://youtu.be/A-acqr7u74A
BITS ECONOMY VideoLink : https://youtu.be/tJkAiJNtvF0
Economy PrelimsTelegramChannel - https://goo.gl/DAo5zp
To Know more about EconomyGuru : https://goo.gl/zwrHiE
To Know more about Focus Prelims : https://goo.gl/LGw1AE
To Know more about our Current AffairsPlus : https://goo.gl/rv3kNn
To Know more about our Test series-Target Prelims 2018: https://goo.gl/czM4Le
NON VIOLATION COMPLAINTS of INDIAN ECONOMY - PRELIMS IMPORTANT MODEL QUESTION SOLVED.
NEOIAS e-learning classes is an online program whch aims to create CIVIL SERVANTS for the development of the nation by providing the video series of complete topics that are relevant for the CIVIL SERVICES (IAS/IPS) Exam.

1:48:32

The WTO and the China Challenge

The WTO and the China Challenge

The WTO and the China Challenge

The WTO is front and center in much of the debate over trade policy toward China. There are questions about China’s compliance with the terms of its 2001 accession – a frequent target of government and private sector criticisms. There are charges that the WTO has proven useless in addressing Chinese violations of these terms, or that it is simply not equipped to do so. Some of the most hyperbolic commentary questions whether China should have ever been admitted to the WTO in the first place.

2:11

MOFA: Recent Huawei incident violates WTO's rules

MOFA: Recent Huawei incident violates WTO's rules

MOFA: Recent Huawei incident violates WTO's rules

(19 Dec 2018) On Wednesday China'sMinistry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) claimed the continuing Huawei contraversy was a violation of the WTO's rule of nondiscrimination.
The chairman of Huawei challenged the United States and other governments to provide evidence for claims the Chinese tech giant was a security risk.
Huawei have launched a public relations effort to defuse fears that threaten its role in next-generation communications.
The latest curbs have had little impact on Huawei, which is the biggest global maker of network gear and a leader in 5G development.
There are concerns that if restrictions spread, they might hurt Huawei's access to a 5G market industry that analysts say could be worth 20 billion US dollars a year by 2022.
Huawei is China's first global tech competitor, making it politically important to the ruling Communist Party that wants to transform the country from the world's low-wage factory into a leader in fields from robotics to clean energy to biotech.
The company has 180,000 employees and says sales are on track to top 100 billion US dollars this year.
But Canada arrested Huawei executive MengWanzhou on December 1 on US charges that she misled banks about the company's business dealings in Iran.
On December 10Canadian entrepreneur Michael Spavor and ex-diplomat Michael Kovrig were detained in apparent retaliation to the arrest of Meng.
MOFA spokesperson Hua Chunying said at the briefing there was no information about whether a third Canadian was being detained.
China also called for peaceful use of outer space after US PresidentDonald Trump launched the Pentagon's new Space Command in an effort to better organize and advance the military's vast operations in space.
The force could cost as much as 800 million US dollars over the next five years.
This comes amid growing concerns that China and Russia are working on ways to disrupt and disable US satellites.
Find out more about AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/HowWeWork
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7:00

WTO CURRENT PART 2: Non Violation Complaint, Peaace Clause

WTO CURRENT PART 2: Non Violation Complaint, Peaace Clause

WTO CURRENT PART 2: Non Violation Complaint, Peaace Clause

This video Describes current terms related to WTO and every year UPSC is asking question from this International OrganisationTelegram: 8800141518
Whats up: 8800141518
ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY ClassStructure
https://gshindi.com/general-environment-biodiversity-hindu-analysis/environment-ecology-module-12-days-target-upsc-pt-2018
500+ Question
https://gshindi.com/objective-questions/500-current-based-prelims-question-hindu-indian-express
April Month PIB
https://gshindi.com/pib/pib-magazine-april-march-april-current-mcq-2018
YEAR BOOK QUESTION PART 1
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis/year-book-2018-economic-survey-question
YEAR BOOK QUESTION PART 1
JULY 2017 to March 2018Topic of Current
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis-objective-questions/india-year-book-mcq-part-2
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis/prelims-notes-july-2017-march-2018-part-1-500-question

5:16

WTO members meet to discuss reforming the trade body but US, China absent

WTO members meet to discuss reforming the trade body but US, China absent

WTO members meet to discuss reforming the trade body but US, China absent

Chinese Experts: U.S.Tariffs Violate WTO Rules, Hurt World Economy

Chinese experts denounced the list of escalating tariffs announced by the United States as irrational acts that go against the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, hurting China, the world, and itself.
Days after the tariffs on 34 billion U.S. dollars of Chinese goods went into effect, the Trump administration announced a list of tariffs on another 200 billion U.S. dollars' worth of imports from China.
More on: http://www.cctvplus.com/news/20180711/8085219.shtml#!language=1
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3:03

CNC Talk: Who is defending WTO rules, the US or China?

CNC Talk: Who is defending WTO rules, the US or China?

CNC Talk: Who is defending WTO rules, the US or China?

China imposed tariffs on 128 imported US commodities Monday in response to US import tariffs on steel and aluminum. Who is defending the WTO rules, CNCTalk explains.

4:28

E-Learning short videos - Most-favoured nation (MFN)

E-Learning short videos - Most-favoured nation (MFN)

E-Learning short videos - Most-favoured nation (MFN)

The WTOE-Learning courses are for government officials from developing Members and Observers.
Should you wish to register, please visit the ECampus website: https://ecampus.wto.org/.
Disclaimer: The content on this YouTube channel is intended solely for informal exchange of views between course participants and guests on WTO-related matters. Their content does not constitute an authoritative interpretation of the WTO Agreements, nor can it be used to represent any official position of the WTO, governments or any other institution.

14:00

World Trade Organization

World Trade Organization

World Trade Organization

World Trade Organization (WTO)
We have seen about United Nations in our first few lessons on this International Organization series. In this lesson we are going to see about a closely relative organization WTO that controls the inter country trade relationships across the Globe. We are also going to
• It was Officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, replacing the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948
• It is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade
• Its HQ is situated in – Geneva, Switzerland
• Its Official languages are – English, French, SpanishEvolution of WTO
WTO StructureMinisterial ConferenceGeneral CouncilDirector General
________________________________________
Important Terms before Understanding Functions of WTO
All countries want to protect domestic industries and prevent entry of foreign players. So, they create two types of barriers to International trade viz.
• Tariff Barriers → When Govt. puts heavy import duty / custom duty on Foreign Products which protects domestic players from competition from foreign players
• Non-Tariff barriers → When Domestic players are given subsidies / preference over the foreign players by Govt. for Ex.
• When Govt. is buying some Phones/ Xerox Machines, in the tender it’ll mention that only Domestic companies are allowed.
• Making polices in a way that it’s hard for foreign player to start factory / introduce his product in India
• Key Functions of WTO
• Reduce above stated barriers to international trade – both tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers & Get the members enter into multilateral trade agreements.
•
There are two
SafetyProtection Agreements with regards to Tariff & Non-Tariff Barriers
Non-food products Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT) →Based on Quality & Durability
Food Products Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement (SPS) → Based on Hygiene & Quality
WTO Agreements
GATT - General Agreement on Trade & Tariffs
TBT - Barriers to Trade Agreement
SPS - Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement
TRIMS - Agreement on Trade-Related Investment MeasuresSCM -Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
________________________________________
Agreement on Agriculture, WTO wants to
 Reduce import duty
 Reduce export subsidies
 Reduce Amber box subsides (Domestic subsidies)
Amber Box: De Minimus limits
 The minimal amounts of Amber box subsides permitted by WTO, even though they distort trade
 Calculated on the agriculture production of the given member state in 1986-88
 Limits – Developed ( 5%), Developing (10%), Least Developed (Exempted)
India’s stand
 In 1986: USA agriculture production was far ahead of India. So, their 5% De-Minimus quota will be far bigger than our 10% quota (in absolute figures).
 Input costs have skyrocketed in these decades. But, De-Minimus doesn’t consider inflation factor.
Bali summit and Peace clause (Indonesia)
Trade Facilitation Agreement To cut down the red tape in customs clearance
LDC Exports Exporters from Least developing countries, will get Duty free, quota free (DFQF) access to markets in foreign countries
Food stockholding Led to Peace clause
Peace clause
 No member, can drag any developing country to Dispute settlement mechanism of WTO for violation of De-Minimus limits in AoA, Provided that the said developing country -
 Is paying subsidies for staple food crops for public stockholding program & food security purpose.
 Is providing annual information of its food security Program to WTO.
Trade facilitation agreement (TFA)
 Member nations to publish a detailed list of procedure for import-export, fees, inspection rules, penalties etc.
 Minimize the proof documents and clearance required for customs clearance
India refused to sign Trade Facilitation agreement because –
 TFA maintains that it doesn’t diminish the rights & obligations of members under other agreements of WTO
 For example, under the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) if a developing country is giving Amber box subsidies beyond 10% of its national agriculture production (base year 1986), then other members will be justified in putting trade sanction or WTO-complaint against the said country.
Therefore, Government has decided to use TFA signature as a “BargainingChip” for a permanent solution of food subsidies issue.
India-US agreed to resolve differences over public stockholding for food security under WTO

2:20

WTO survival / Roma rights violation / European Book Prize

WTO survival / Roma rights violation / European Book Prize

WTO survival / Roma rights violation / European Book Prize

The stakes are high for the credibility of the WTO at the Bali conference, MEPs approve strategies to boost Roma integration and European literary flair is celebrated.
Comment on:
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EuroparlTV video ID: caac0272-29c0-4a7c-af72-a28b01248350

18:11

Urgent!!! China Moves The Trade War To WTO — And That Doesn't Look Good For America

Urgent!!! China Moves The Trade War To WTO — And That Doesn't Look Good For America

Urgent!!! China Moves The Trade War To WTO — And That Doesn't Look Good For America

China to WTO: US should pay $7 billion for agreement violation

International community says US violates WTO rules, disturbs global trade order

The international community has banded together to say the US is violating WTO rules, undermining the security of the global industrial and value chain, and disturbing the global trade order and economic recovery. NataliePang has more.
Subscribe to us on YouTube: https://goo.gl/lP12gA
Download our APP on Apple Store (iOS): https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/cctvnews-app/id922456579?l=zh&ls=1&mt=8
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published: 07 Jul 2018

Is China keeping its WTO promises?

With all the talks about trade and tariffs, I wanted to take a look at some of the criticism about China joining the WTO. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has been further opening up its markets to multinational companies, but there is still a ton of criticism about the speed and scope of market access in China.

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NON VIOLATION COMPLAINTS of INDIAN ECONOMY - PRELIMS IMPORTANT MODEL QUESTION SOLVED.
NEOIAS e-learning classes is an online program whch aims to create CIVIL SERVANTS for the development of the nation by providing the video series of complete topics that are relevant for the CIVIL SERVICES (IAS/IPS) Exam.

published: 23 Mar 2018

The WTO and the China Challenge

The WTO is front and center in much of the debate over trade policy toward China. There are questions about China’s compliance with the terms of its 2001 accession – a frequent target of government and private sector criticisms. There are charges that the WTO has proven useless in addressing Chinese violations of these terms, or that it is simply not equipped to do so. Some of the most hyperbolic commentary questions whether China should have ever been admitted to the WTO in the first place.

published: 27 Sep 2018

MOFA: Recent Huawei incident violates WTO's rules

(19 Dec 2018) On Wednesday China'sMinistry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) claimed the continuing Huawei contraversy was a violation of the WTO's rule of nondiscrimination.
The chairman of Huawei challenged the United States and other governments to provide evidence for claims the Chinese tech giant was a security risk.
Huawei have launched a public relations effort to defuse fears that threaten its role in next-generation communications.
The latest curbs have had little impact on Huawei, which is the biggest global maker of network gear and a leader in 5G development.
There are concerns that if restrictions spread, they might hurt Huawei's access to a 5G market industry that analysts say could be worth 20 billion US dollars a year by 2022.
Huawei is China's first global tech competitor...

published: 24 Dec 2018

WTO CURRENT PART 2: Non Violation Complaint, Peaace Clause

This video Describes current terms related to WTO and every year UPSC is asking question from this International OrganisationTelegram: 8800141518
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ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY ClassStructure
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500+ Question
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April Month PIB
https://gshindi.com/pib/pib-magazine-april-march-april-current-mcq-2018
YEAR BOOK QUESTION PART 1
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis/year-book-2018-economic-survey-question
YEAR BOOK QUESTION PART 1
JULY 2017 to March 2018Topic of Current
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis-objective-questions/india-year-book-mcq-part-2
https://g...

published: 19 May 2018

WTO members meet to discuss reforming the trade body but US, China absent

Chinese Experts: U.S.Tariffs Violate WTO Rules, Hurt World Economy

Chinese experts denounced the list of escalating tariffs announced by the United States as irrational acts that go against the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, hurting China, the world, and itself.
Days after the tariffs on 34 billion U.S. dollars of Chinese goods went into effect, the Trump administration announced a list of tariffs on another 200 billion U.S. dollars' worth of imports from China.
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published: 12 Jul 2018

CNC Talk: Who is defending WTO rules, the US or China?

China imposed tariffs on 128 imported US commodities Monday in response to US import tariffs on steel and aluminum. Who is defending the WTO rules, CNCTalk explains.

published: 03 Apr 2018

E-Learning short videos - Most-favoured nation (MFN)

The WTOE-Learning courses are for government officials from developing Members and Observers.
Should you wish to register, please visit the ECampus website: https://ecampus.wto.org/.
Disclaimer: The content on this YouTube channel is intended solely for informal exchange of views between course participants and guests on WTO-related matters. Their content does not constitute an authoritative interpretation of the WTO Agreements, nor can it be used to represent any official position of the WTO, governments or any other institution.

WTO survival / Roma rights violation / European Book Prize

The stakes are high for the credibility of the WTO at the Bali conference, MEPs approve strategies to boost Roma integration and European literary flair is celebrated.
Comment on:
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published: 06 Dec 2013

Urgent!!! China Moves The Trade War To WTO — And That Doesn't Look Good For America

International community says US violates WTO rules, disturbs global trade order

The international community has banded together to say the US is violating WTO rules, undermining the security of the global industrial and value chain, and dis...

The international community has banded together to say the US is violating WTO rules, undermining the security of the global industrial and value chain, and disturbing the global trade order and economic recovery. NataliePang has more.
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The international community has banded together to say the US is violating WTO rules, undermining the security of the global industrial and value chain, and disturbing the global trade order and economic recovery. NataliePang has more.
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Is China keeping its WTO promises?

With all the talks about trade and tariffs, I wanted to take a look at some of the criticism about China joining the WTO. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China h...

With all the talks about trade and tariffs, I wanted to take a look at some of the criticism about China joining the WTO. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has been further opening up its markets to multinational companies, but there is still a ton of criticism about the speed and scope of market access in China.

With all the talks about trade and tariffs, I wanted to take a look at some of the criticism about China joining the WTO. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has been further opening up its markets to multinational companies, but there is still a ton of criticism about the speed and scope of market access in China.

HOW TO PREPARE INDIAN ECONOMY FOR UPSCCSE PRELIMS 2018? https://youtu.be/A-acqr7u74A
BITS ECONOMY VideoLink : https://youtu.be/tJkAiJNtvF0
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NEOIAS e-learning classes is an online program whch aims to create CIVIL SERVANTS for the development of the nation by providing the video series of complete topics that are relevant for the CIVIL SERVICES (IAS/IPS) Exam.

HOW TO PREPARE INDIAN ECONOMY FOR UPSCCSE PRELIMS 2018? https://youtu.be/A-acqr7u74A
BITS ECONOMY VideoLink : https://youtu.be/tJkAiJNtvF0
Economy PrelimsTelegramChannel - https://goo.gl/DAo5zp
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To Know more about Focus Prelims : https://goo.gl/LGw1AE
To Know more about our Current AffairsPlus : https://goo.gl/rv3kNn
To Know more about our Test series-Target Prelims 2018: https://goo.gl/czM4Le
NON VIOLATION COMPLAINTS of INDIAN ECONOMY - PRELIMS IMPORTANT MODEL QUESTION SOLVED.
NEOIAS e-learning classes is an online program whch aims to create CIVIL SERVANTS for the development of the nation by providing the video series of complete topics that are relevant for the CIVIL SERVICES (IAS/IPS) Exam.

The WTO and the China Challenge

The WTO is front and center in much of the debate over trade policy toward China. There are questions about China’s compliance with the terms of its 2001 access...

The WTO is front and center in much of the debate over trade policy toward China. There are questions about China’s compliance with the terms of its 2001 accession – a frequent target of government and private sector criticisms. There are charges that the WTO has proven useless in addressing Chinese violations of these terms, or that it is simply not equipped to do so. Some of the most hyperbolic commentary questions whether China should have ever been admitted to the WTO in the first place.

The WTO is front and center in much of the debate over trade policy toward China. There are questions about China’s compliance with the terms of its 2001 accession – a frequent target of government and private sector criticisms. There are charges that the WTO has proven useless in addressing Chinese violations of these terms, or that it is simply not equipped to do so. Some of the most hyperbolic commentary questions whether China should have ever been admitted to the WTO in the first place.

(19 Dec 2018) On Wednesday China'sMinistry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) claimed the continuing Huawei contraversy was a violation of the WTO's rule of nondiscrimination.
The chairman of Huawei challenged the United States and other governments to provide evidence for claims the Chinese tech giant was a security risk.
Huawei have launched a public relations effort to defuse fears that threaten its role in next-generation communications.
The latest curbs have had little impact on Huawei, which is the biggest global maker of network gear and a leader in 5G development.
There are concerns that if restrictions spread, they might hurt Huawei's access to a 5G market industry that analysts say could be worth 20 billion US dollars a year by 2022.
Huawei is China's first global tech competitor, making it politically important to the ruling Communist Party that wants to transform the country from the world's low-wage factory into a leader in fields from robotics to clean energy to biotech.
The company has 180,000 employees and says sales are on track to top 100 billion US dollars this year.
But Canada arrested Huawei executive MengWanzhou on December 1 on US charges that she misled banks about the company's business dealings in Iran.
On December 10Canadian entrepreneur Michael Spavor and ex-diplomat Michael Kovrig were detained in apparent retaliation to the arrest of Meng.
MOFA spokesperson Hua Chunying said at the briefing there was no information about whether a third Canadian was being detained.
China also called for peaceful use of outer space after US PresidentDonald Trump launched the Pentagon's new Space Command in an effort to better organize and advance the military's vast operations in space.
The force could cost as much as 800 million US dollars over the next five years.
This comes amid growing concerns that China and Russia are working on ways to disrupt and disable US satellites.
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(19 Dec 2018) On Wednesday China'sMinistry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) claimed the continuing Huawei contraversy was a violation of the WTO's rule of nondiscrimination.
The chairman of Huawei challenged the United States and other governments to provide evidence for claims the Chinese tech giant was a security risk.
Huawei have launched a public relations effort to defuse fears that threaten its role in next-generation communications.
The latest curbs have had little impact on Huawei, which is the biggest global maker of network gear and a leader in 5G development.
There are concerns that if restrictions spread, they might hurt Huawei's access to a 5G market industry that analysts say could be worth 20 billion US dollars a year by 2022.
Huawei is China's first global tech competitor, making it politically important to the ruling Communist Party that wants to transform the country from the world's low-wage factory into a leader in fields from robotics to clean energy to biotech.
The company has 180,000 employees and says sales are on track to top 100 billion US dollars this year.
But Canada arrested Huawei executive MengWanzhou on December 1 on US charges that she misled banks about the company's business dealings in Iran.
On December 10Canadian entrepreneur Michael Spavor and ex-diplomat Michael Kovrig were detained in apparent retaliation to the arrest of Meng.
MOFA spokesperson Hua Chunying said at the briefing there was no information about whether a third Canadian was being detained.
China also called for peaceful use of outer space after US PresidentDonald Trump launched the Pentagon's new Space Command in an effort to better organize and advance the military's vast operations in space.
The force could cost as much as 800 million US dollars over the next five years.
This comes amid growing concerns that China and Russia are working on ways to disrupt and disable US satellites.
Find out more about AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/HowWeWork
Twitter: https://twitter.com/AP_Archive
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/APArchives
Google+: https://plus.google.com/b/102011028589719587178/+APArchive​
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You can license this story through AP Archive: http://www.aparchive.com/metadata/youtube/40563d73a6a43454d29f01728a42b05e

This video Describes current terms related to WTO and every year UPSC is asking question from this International OrganisationTelegram: 8800141518
Whats up: 8800141518
ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY ClassStructure
https://gshindi.com/general-environment-biodiversity-hindu-analysis/environment-ecology-module-12-days-target-upsc-pt-2018
500+ Question
https://gshindi.com/objective-questions/500-current-based-prelims-question-hindu-indian-express
April Month PIB
https://gshindi.com/pib/pib-magazine-april-march-april-current-mcq-2018
YEAR BOOK QUESTION PART 1
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis/year-book-2018-economic-survey-question
YEAR BOOK QUESTION PART 1
JULY 2017 to March 2018Topic of Current
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis-objective-questions/india-year-book-mcq-part-2
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis/prelims-notes-july-2017-march-2018-part-1-500-question

This video Describes current terms related to WTO and every year UPSC is asking question from this International OrganisationTelegram: 8800141518
Whats up: 8800141518
ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY ClassStructure
https://gshindi.com/general-environment-biodiversity-hindu-analysis/environment-ecology-module-12-days-target-upsc-pt-2018
500+ Question
https://gshindi.com/objective-questions/500-current-based-prelims-question-hindu-indian-express
April Month PIB
https://gshindi.com/pib/pib-magazine-april-march-april-current-mcq-2018
YEAR BOOK QUESTION PART 1
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis/year-book-2018-economic-survey-question
YEAR BOOK QUESTION PART 1
JULY 2017 to March 2018Topic of Current
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis-objective-questions/india-year-book-mcq-part-2
https://gshindi.com/hindu-analysis/prelims-notes-july-2017-march-2018-part-1-500-question

Chinese experts denounced the list of escalating tariffs announced by the United States as irrational acts that go against the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, hurting China, the world, and itself.
Days after the tariffs on 34 billion U.S. dollars of Chinese goods went into effect, the Trump administration announced a list of tariffs on another 200 billion U.S. dollars' worth of imports from China.
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Chinese experts denounced the list of escalating tariffs announced by the United States as irrational acts that go against the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, hurting China, the world, and itself.
Days after the tariffs on 34 billion U.S. dollars of Chinese goods went into effect, the Trump administration announced a list of tariffs on another 200 billion U.S. dollars' worth of imports from China.
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E-Learning short videos - Most-favoured nation (MFN)

The WTOE-Learning courses are for government officials from developing Members and Observers.
Should you wish to register, please visit the ECampus website: h...

The WTOE-Learning courses are for government officials from developing Members and Observers.
Should you wish to register, please visit the ECampus website: https://ecampus.wto.org/.
Disclaimer: The content on this YouTube channel is intended solely for informal exchange of views between course participants and guests on WTO-related matters. Their content does not constitute an authoritative interpretation of the WTO Agreements, nor can it be used to represent any official position of the WTO, governments or any other institution.

The WTOE-Learning courses are for government officials from developing Members and Observers.
Should you wish to register, please visit the ECampus website: https://ecampus.wto.org/.
Disclaimer: The content on this YouTube channel is intended solely for informal exchange of views between course participants and guests on WTO-related matters. Their content does not constitute an authoritative interpretation of the WTO Agreements, nor can it be used to represent any official position of the WTO, governments or any other institution.

World Trade Organization (WTO)
We have seen about United Nations in our first few lessons on this International Organization series. In this lesson we are going to see about a closely relative organization WTO that controls the inter country trade relationships across the Globe. We are also going to
• It was Officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, replacing the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948
• It is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade
• Its HQ is situated in – Geneva, Switzerland
• Its Official languages are – English, French, SpanishEvolution of WTO
WTO StructureMinisterial ConferenceGeneral CouncilDirector General
________________________________________
Important Terms before Understanding Functions of WTO
All countries want to protect domestic industries and prevent entry of foreign players. So, they create two types of barriers to International trade viz.
• Tariff Barriers → When Govt. puts heavy import duty / custom duty on Foreign Products which protects domestic players from competition from foreign players
• Non-Tariff barriers → When Domestic players are given subsidies / preference over the foreign players by Govt. for Ex.
• When Govt. is buying some Phones/ Xerox Machines, in the tender it’ll mention that only Domestic companies are allowed.
• Making polices in a way that it’s hard for foreign player to start factory / introduce his product in India
• Key Functions of WTO
• Reduce above stated barriers to international trade – both tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers & Get the members enter into multilateral trade agreements.
•
There are two
SafetyProtection Agreements with regards to Tariff & Non-Tariff Barriers
Non-food products Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT) →Based on Quality & Durability
Food Products Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement (SPS) → Based on Hygiene & Quality
WTO Agreements
GATT - General Agreement on Trade & Tariffs
TBT - Barriers to Trade Agreement
SPS - Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement
TRIMS - Agreement on Trade-Related Investment MeasuresSCM -Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
________________________________________
Agreement on Agriculture, WTO wants to
 Reduce import duty
 Reduce export subsidies
 Reduce Amber box subsides (Domestic subsidies)
Amber Box: De Minimus limits
 The minimal amounts of Amber box subsides permitted by WTO, even though they distort trade
 Calculated on the agriculture production of the given member state in 1986-88
 Limits – Developed ( 5%), Developing (10%), Least Developed (Exempted)
India’s stand
 In 1986: USA agriculture production was far ahead of India. So, their 5% De-Minimus quota will be far bigger than our 10% quota (in absolute figures).
 Input costs have skyrocketed in these decades. But, De-Minimus doesn’t consider inflation factor.
Bali summit and Peace clause (Indonesia)
Trade Facilitation Agreement To cut down the red tape in customs clearance
LDC Exports Exporters from Least developing countries, will get Duty free, quota free (DFQF) access to markets in foreign countries
Food stockholding Led to Peace clause
Peace clause
 No member, can drag any developing country to Dispute settlement mechanism of WTO for violation of De-Minimus limits in AoA, Provided that the said developing country -
 Is paying subsidies for staple food crops for public stockholding program & food security purpose.
 Is providing annual information of its food security Program to WTO.
Trade facilitation agreement (TFA)
 Member nations to publish a detailed list of procedure for import-export, fees, inspection rules, penalties etc.
 Minimize the proof documents and clearance required for customs clearance
India refused to sign Trade Facilitation agreement because –
 TFA maintains that it doesn’t diminish the rights & obligations of members under other agreements of WTO
 For example, under the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) if a developing country is giving Amber box subsidies beyond 10% of its national agriculture production (base year 1986), then other members will be justified in putting trade sanction or WTO-complaint against the said country.
Therefore, Government has decided to use TFA signature as a “BargainingChip” for a permanent solution of food subsidies issue.
India-US agreed to resolve differences over public stockholding for food security under WTO

World Trade Organization (WTO)
We have seen about United Nations in our first few lessons on this International Organization series. In this lesson we are going to see about a closely relative organization WTO that controls the inter country trade relationships across the Globe. We are also going to
• It was Officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, replacing the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948
• It is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade
• Its HQ is situated in – Geneva, Switzerland
• Its Official languages are – English, French, SpanishEvolution of WTO
WTO StructureMinisterial ConferenceGeneral CouncilDirector General
________________________________________
Important Terms before Understanding Functions of WTO
All countries want to protect domestic industries and prevent entry of foreign players. So, they create two types of barriers to International trade viz.
• Tariff Barriers → When Govt. puts heavy import duty / custom duty on Foreign Products which protects domestic players from competition from foreign players
• Non-Tariff barriers → When Domestic players are given subsidies / preference over the foreign players by Govt. for Ex.
• When Govt. is buying some Phones/ Xerox Machines, in the tender it’ll mention that only Domestic companies are allowed.
• Making polices in a way that it’s hard for foreign player to start factory / introduce his product in India
• Key Functions of WTO
• Reduce above stated barriers to international trade – both tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers & Get the members enter into multilateral trade agreements.
•
There are two
SafetyProtection Agreements with regards to Tariff & Non-Tariff Barriers
Non-food products Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT) →Based on Quality & Durability
Food Products Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement (SPS) → Based on Hygiene & Quality
WTO Agreements
GATT - General Agreement on Trade & Tariffs
TBT - Barriers to Trade Agreement
SPS - Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement
TRIMS - Agreement on Trade-Related Investment MeasuresSCM -Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
________________________________________
Agreement on Agriculture, WTO wants to
 Reduce import duty
 Reduce export subsidies
 Reduce Amber box subsides (Domestic subsidies)
Amber Box: De Minimus limits
 The minimal amounts of Amber box subsides permitted by WTO, even though they distort trade
 Calculated on the agriculture production of the given member state in 1986-88
 Limits – Developed ( 5%), Developing (10%), Least Developed (Exempted)
India’s stand
 In 1986: USA agriculture production was far ahead of India. So, their 5% De-Minimus quota will be far bigger than our 10% quota (in absolute figures).
 Input costs have skyrocketed in these decades. But, De-Minimus doesn’t consider inflation factor.
Bali summit and Peace clause (Indonesia)
Trade Facilitation Agreement To cut down the red tape in customs clearance
LDC Exports Exporters from Least developing countries, will get Duty free, quota free (DFQF) access to markets in foreign countries
Food stockholding Led to Peace clause
Peace clause
 No member, can drag any developing country to Dispute settlement mechanism of WTO for violation of De-Minimus limits in AoA, Provided that the said developing country -
 Is paying subsidies for staple food crops for public stockholding program & food security purpose.
 Is providing annual information of its food security Program to WTO.
Trade facilitation agreement (TFA)
 Member nations to publish a detailed list of procedure for import-export, fees, inspection rules, penalties etc.
 Minimize the proof documents and clearance required for customs clearance
India refused to sign Trade Facilitation agreement because –
 TFA maintains that it doesn’t diminish the rights & obligations of members under other agreements of WTO
 For example, under the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) if a developing country is giving Amber box subsidies beyond 10% of its national agriculture production (base year 1986), then other members will be justified in putting trade sanction or WTO-complaint against the said country.
Therefore, Government has decided to use TFA signature as a “BargainingChip” for a permanent solution of food subsidies issue.
India-US agreed to resolve differences over public stockholding for food security under WTO

WTO survival / Roma rights violation / European Book Prize

The stakes are high for the credibility of the WTO at the Bali conference, MEPs approve strategies to boost Roma integration and European literary flair is cele...

The stakes are high for the credibility of the WTO at the Bali conference, MEPs approve strategies to boost Roma integration and European literary flair is celebrated.
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The stakes are high for the credibility of the WTO at the Bali conference, MEPs approve strategies to boost Roma integration and European literary flair is celebrated.
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International community says US violates WTO rules, disturbs global trade order

The international community has banded together to say the US is violating WTO rules, undermining the security of the global industrial and value chain, and disturbing the global trade order and economic recovery. NataliePang has more.
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Is China keeping its WTO promises?

With all the talks about trade and tariffs, I wanted to take a look at some of the criticism about China joining the WTO. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has been further opening up its markets to multinational companies, but there is still a ton of criticism about the speed and scope of market access in China.

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The WTO and the China Challenge

The WTO is front and center in much of the debate over trade policy toward China. There are questions about China’s compliance with the terms of its 2001 accession – a frequent target of government and private sector criticisms. There are charges that the WTO has proven useless in addressing Chinese violations of these terms, or that it is simply not equipped to do so. Some of the most hyperbolic commentary questions whether China should have ever been admitted to the WTO in the first place.

MOFA: Recent Huawei incident violates WTO's rules

(19 Dec 2018) On Wednesday China'sMinistry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) claimed the continuing Huawei contraversy was a violation of the WTO's rule of nondiscrimination.
The chairman of Huawei challenged the United States and other governments to provide evidence for claims the Chinese tech giant was a security risk.
Huawei have launched a public relations effort to defuse fears that threaten its role in next-generation communications.
The latest curbs have had little impact on Huawei, which is the biggest global maker of network gear and a leader in 5G development.
There are concerns that if restrictions spread, they might hurt Huawei's access to a 5G market industry that analysts say could be worth 20 billion US dollars a year by 2022.
Huawei is China's first global tech competitor, making it politically important to the ruling Communist Party that wants to transform the country from the world's low-wage factory into a leader in fields from robotics to clean energy to biotech.
The company has 180,000 employees and says sales are on track to top 100 billion US dollars this year.
But Canada arrested Huawei executive MengWanzhou on December 1 on US charges that she misled banks about the company's business dealings in Iran.
On December 10Canadian entrepreneur Michael Spavor and ex-diplomat Michael Kovrig were detained in apparent retaliation to the arrest of Meng.
MOFA spokesperson Hua Chunying said at the briefing there was no information about whether a third Canadian was being detained.
China also called for peaceful use of outer space after US PresidentDonald Trump launched the Pentagon's new Space Command in an effort to better organize and advance the military's vast operations in space.
The force could cost as much as 800 million US dollars over the next five years.
This comes amid growing concerns that China and Russia are working on ways to disrupt and disable US satellites.
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WTO CURRENT PART 2: Non Violation Complaint, Peaace Clause

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Chinese Experts: U.S.Tariffs Violate WTO Rules, Hurt World Economy

Chinese experts denounced the list of escalating tariffs announced by the United States as irrational acts that go against the World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, hurting China, the world, and itself.
Days after the tariffs on 34 billion U.S. dollars of Chinese goods went into effect, the Trump administration announced a list of tariffs on another 200 billion U.S. dollars' worth of imports from China.
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E-Learning short videos - Most-favoured nation (MFN)

The WTOE-Learning courses are for government officials from developing Members and Observers.
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Disclaimer: The content on this YouTube channel is intended solely for informal exchange of views between course participants and guests on WTO-related matters. Their content does not constitute an authoritative interpretation of the WTO Agreements, nor can it be used to represent any official position of the WTO, governments or any other institution.

World Trade Organization

World Trade Organization (WTO)
We have seen about United Nations in our first few lessons on this International Organization series. In this lesson we are going to see about a closely relative organization WTO that controls the inter country trade relationships across the Globe. We are also going to
• It was Officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, replacing the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948
• It is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade
• Its HQ is situated in – Geneva, Switzerland
• Its Official languages are – English, French, SpanishEvolution of WTO
WTO StructureMinisterial ConferenceGeneral CouncilDirector General
________________________________________
Important Terms before Understanding Functions of WTO
All countries want to protect domestic industries and prevent entry of foreign players. So, they create two types of barriers to International trade viz.
• Tariff Barriers → When Govt. puts heavy import duty / custom duty on Foreign Products which protects domestic players from competition from foreign players
• Non-Tariff barriers → When Domestic players are given subsidies / preference over the foreign players by Govt. for Ex.
• When Govt. is buying some Phones/ Xerox Machines, in the tender it’ll mention that only Domestic companies are allowed.
• Making polices in a way that it’s hard for foreign player to start factory / introduce his product in India
• Key Functions of WTO
• Reduce above stated barriers to international trade – both tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers & Get the members enter into multilateral trade agreements.
•
There are two
SafetyProtection Agreements with regards to Tariff & Non-Tariff Barriers
Non-food products Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT) →Based on Quality & Durability
Food Products Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement (SPS) → Based on Hygiene & Quality
WTO Agreements
GATT - General Agreement on Trade & Tariffs
TBT - Barriers to Trade Agreement
SPS - Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement
TRIMS - Agreement on Trade-Related Investment MeasuresSCM -Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
________________________________________
Agreement on Agriculture, WTO wants to
 Reduce import duty
 Reduce export subsidies
 Reduce Amber box subsides (Domestic subsidies)
Amber Box: De Minimus limits
 The minimal amounts of Amber box subsides permitted by WTO, even though they distort trade
 Calculated on the agriculture production of the given member state in 1986-88
 Limits – Developed ( 5%), Developing (10%), Least Developed (Exempted)
India’s stand
 In 1986: USA agriculture production was far ahead of India. So, their 5% De-Minimus quota will be far bigger than our 10% quota (in absolute figures).
 Input costs have skyrocketed in these decades. But, De-Minimus doesn’t consider inflation factor.
Bali summit and Peace clause (Indonesia)
Trade Facilitation Agreement To cut down the red tape in customs clearance
LDC Exports Exporters from Least developing countries, will get Duty free, quota free (DFQF) access to markets in foreign countries
Food stockholding Led to Peace clause
Peace clause
 No member, can drag any developing country to Dispute settlement mechanism of WTO for violation of De-Minimus limits in AoA, Provided that the said developing country -
 Is paying subsidies for staple food crops for public stockholding program & food security purpose.
 Is providing annual information of its food security Program to WTO.
Trade facilitation agreement (TFA)
 Member nations to publish a detailed list of procedure for import-export, fees, inspection rules, penalties etc.
 Minimize the proof documents and clearance required for customs clearance
India refused to sign Trade Facilitation agreement because –
 TFA maintains that it doesn’t diminish the rights & obligations of members under other agreements of WTO
 For example, under the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) if a developing country is giving Amber box subsidies beyond 10% of its national agriculture production (base year 1986), then other members will be justified in putting trade sanction or WTO-complaint against the said country.
Therefore, Government has decided to use TFA signature as a “BargainingChip” for a permanent solution of food subsidies issue.
India-US agreed to resolve differences over public stockholding for food security under WTO

WTO survival / Roma rights violation / European Book Prize

The stakes are high for the credibility of the WTO at the Bali conference, MEPs approve strategies to boost Roma integration and European literary flair is celebrated.
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EuroparlTV video ID: caac0272-29c0-4a7c-af72-a28b01248350

World Trade Organization

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization which regulates international trade. The WTO officially commenced on 1 January 1995 under the Marrakesh Agreement, signed by 123 nations on 15 April 1994, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948. The WTO deals with regulation of trade between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified by their parliaments. Most of the issues that the WTO focuses on derive from previous trade negotiations, especially from the Uruguay Round (1986–1994).

The WTO is attempting to complete negotiations on the Doha Development Round, which was launched in 2001 with an explicit focus on developing countries. As of June 2012, the future of the Doha Round remained uncertain: the work programme lists 21 subjects in which the original deadline of 1 January 2005 was missed, and the round is still incomplete. The conflict between free trade on industrial goods and services but retention of protectionism on farm subsidies to domestic agricultural sector (requested by developed countries) and the substantiation of fair trade on agricultural products (requested by developing countries) remain the major obstacles. This impasse has made it impossible to launch new WTO negotiations beyond the Doha Development Round. As a result, there have been an increasing number of bilateral free trade agreements between governments. As of July 2012, there were various negotiation groups in the WTO system for the current agricultural trade negotiation which is in the condition of stalemate.