The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of failure after tarsal tunnel release and the operative findings in the secondary interventions and the outcomes. The data from 8 patients who had undergone revision surgery for failed tarsal tunnel release at least 12 months earlier were evaluated retrospectively. Only the patients with idiopathic tarsal tunnel syndrome were included, and all had unilateral symptoms. Neurophysiologic tests confirmed the clinical diagnosis of failed tarsal tunnel release in all patients...

The mechanisms of symptom production (other than a space-occupying lesion) and the diagnosis of tarsal tunnel syndrome remain controversial. To understand the diagnosis and treatment of tarsal tunnel syndrome in the presence of neuropathy, the known anatomy and pathophysiology related to the tarsal tunnel and the existing basic science and clinical evidence base related to these topics are reviewed. It is concluded that it is difficult to identify patients with tibial nerve compression at the ankle or foot region reliably with traditional electrodiagnostic techniques, even in the absence of neuropathy, and that the presence of a positive "Tinel" sign over the tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel can identify this as a site of chronic nerve compression...

Compression of the deep peroneal nerve is commonly referred to as anterior tarsal tunnel syndrome. Although rare, this syndrome remains poorly diagnosed. The syndrome is characterized by pain, weakness, and sensory changes of the foot and ankle. Non-operative measures should be attempted to reduce or remove the external compression along the anterior aspect of the foot and ankle. Other options include shoe modifications, cortisone injections,and physical therapy. If conservative management fails to relieve the symptoms, surgical decompression of the entrapped nerve can be performed...

Peroneal nerve decompression at the fibular head may be anticipated to be performed more often because lower extremity peripheral nerve surgery is used to restore sensation to the feet of diabetic patients. Although the basic concept of releasing the fascia of the peroneus longus is well-known, anatomic variants related to the peroneus muscle have been identified that must be included in the technique for decompression of this nerve. A comparison of these anatomic variants was done between a random selection of 29 cadavers (bilateral) and 65 patients who underwent unilateral peroneal decompression to treat symptoms of that compression...