1. Fossil fuels are usually formed from: A. Decay of Diet Pepsi. B. Remains of formerly living things buried by sediments in regions with little oxygen. C. Remains of formerly living things buried by sediments in regions with much oxygen. D. Remains of formerly living things covered by lava flows erupted in regions with much oxygen. E. Remains of formerly living things covered by thrust faults in regions with much oxygen. Where oxygen is present in sediments, bacteria use the oxygen to “burn” organic materials, so oxygen and fossil fuels don’t go together. And, Diet Pepsi is rather resistant to decay, and would not make fossil fuel. Points Earned: 1/1 Correct Answer: B Your Response: B 2. Your friend wants to see some real Pennsylvania coals. Where should you send your friend to see coal in the rocks of Pennsylvania (if you honestly are being helpful), and what coals would your friend see? A. To Ohio; there is no coal in Pennsylvania, but some Ohio coal is shipped through Pennsylvania. B. To the metamorphic rocks of eastern Pennsylvania to see lignite, and to the sedimentary rocks of western Pennsylvania to see more lignite. C. To the metamorphic rocks of eastern Pennsylvania to see bituminous, and to the sedimentary rocks of western Pennsylvania to see more bituminous. D. To the sedimentary rocks of western Pennsylvania to see bituminous, and to the metamorphic rocks of eastern Pennsylvania to see anthracite. E. To the metamorphic rocks of eastern Pennsylvania to see bituminous, and to the sedimentary rocks of

western Pennsylvania to see anthracite. Bituminous is found with sedimentary rocks, but ones that have been squeezed and heated a bit so they are held together well and are not much like loose sediment; such rocks are common in western Pennsylvania. Anthracite is the most-cooked coal, and is found with metamorphic rocks in eastern Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania has lots of coal, but not much lignite, which would not be found in metamorphic rocks anyway. Points Earned: 1/1 Correct Answer: D Your Response: D 3. We humans are on track to more than double the atmospheric CO 2 concentration that existed for the few millennia before the industrial revolution. If we could cause just a doubling and then hold the CO 2 level constant for the next thousand years, we very likely would see: A. The Earth would cool and cool, eventually causing a new ice age. B.

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