About

Sherman Act

Instructions:Dorothy|I represent the American people at their best. I am loyal, determined and resourceful. You could say I represent the way Americans wish to see themselves. I have a big heart, I am daring and I am an example of the kind of woman the suffragettes wanted to promote their cause. I am from Kansas which was popular with the Populist Party in the 19th century| Wizard|I represent the president of the United States. In the movie, I am seen differently through the eyes of each character. The Tin Man believes the Wizard is a giant beast, the Scarecrow believes the wizard is a fairy, Dorothy thinks he appears as a big head, and the Lion sees the wizard as a ball of fire. I, like politicians, adopt a different appearance for each character. Like a politician, I am viewed in different eyes by different people| Oz|I am representative of the measurement (oz. is the abbreviation for ounce) of gold and silver. The populists argued for “Bimetallism” - having both gold and silver as a monetary standard.| Scarecrow|I represent the Midwest farmers. Some believe I did not have the brains to see and embrace my own interests. I also represent both wisdom and knowledge. I can see that we need more capital and fewer business people in charge. In the end, I am left in charge.| Tin Man|I represent industrial workers and the dehumanization of industrial labor. I also represent the depression of the 1890’s. When Dorothy first finds me, I am rusty because I have not been used in a while. At this time many factories closed and many people were left unemployed| Lion|I represent William Jennings Bryan. I was the Democratic Party’s nominee for president in 1896. I embraced many Populist issues, especially free silver. The Populist Party thought this would allow farmers greater access to credit. Because of this agreement, the Populist Party endorsed me. Unfortunately, this was the wrong decision because I lost the election. So you could say, despite my loud roar and presence,...

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...1. Introduction
2. Indian economic scenario
3. Economic scenario post independence and need for the MRTP act
4. Trigger cause
5. MRTP act 1969
6. Decline of monopolies and restrictive trade practices (MRTP) act 1969
7. Competition act
* Anti competition agreement
* Abuse of dominance
* Regulation of combination
* Competition advocacy
8. The competition committee of India
9. European competition act
10. Case study:
Tata – Corus deal
Jet – Sahara deal
Tata Motors - Jlr
11. Conclusion
12. Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
According to the World Bank ‗Competition‘ is a situation in a market in which firms or sellers independently
strive for the buyers support in order to achieve a particular business objective for example, profits, sales or
market share. Sometimes firms while competing with one another, adopt restrictive or unfair practices, which
are offensive to the core of a competitive market. These practices include fixing prices with rivals, setting price
which is lower than cost in order to throw out competitors from the market, taking advantage of a monopoly
position and charging unreasonable price, refusal to buy or supply. While increasingly, more countries have
undertaken market oriented economic reforms, at the same time more and more countries have either enacted a
competition law or scrapped their old laws to enact a new one.
India has responded to the...

...Name: ______________
MGMT 533
Final Exam (March 2013)
Part I – True and False Questions (1 point each)
1. ____ The Robinson-Patman Act deals with price discrimination.
2. ____ The Florida Supreme court decisions can be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.
3. ____ NAFTA is a multilateral treaty of North American countries.
4. ____ U.S. courts have no jurisdiction over foreign businesses with operations in the United States.
5. ____ Sarbanes-Oxley is the most extensive regulations of companies since the 1933/34 securities laws.
6. ____ A fee simple estate is the highest level of land ownership.
7. ____ To successfully pursue a Title VII lawsuit, the plaintiff generally must belong to a protected class.
8. ____ Sulfur dioxide emission permits can be sold under the 1990 Clean Air Act.
9. ____ The Superfund is available to private citizens through the filing of a lawsuit.
10. ____ Nuisance is a common law anti-pollution doctrine.
11. ____ A NIMBY group is one who opposes development of certain land uses.
12. ____ Corporations cannot hold copyrights.
13. ____ Those who transport or who arrange for the transport of hazardous materials are liable under CERCLA.
14. ____ A primary offering is the first-time offering of...

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From:
Re: Sherman Antitrust Act
Facts
John Davison Rockefeller was the founder of Standard Oil Company in 1870 and ran it until he retired in 1897. Standard Oil gained almost complete control over the oil refining market in the United States by underselling its competitors. Rockefeller and his associates owned dozens of corporations operating in just one state.
The Sherman Antitrust Act was enacted on July 2nd, 1890 which prohibits activities that restrict interstate commerce and competition in the marketplace.
Issue
Cal Hockley owns numerous steel mills in 1912. Cal believed that if he was taken to court for breaking the Sherman Antitrust Act that his lawyers would simply argue that Cal is not in violation of the act because his steel mills are entirely intrastate activities, so the federal government would have no control over him. However, one of Cal’s colleagues argued that it did not work out that way for Standard Oil. The question is whether Cal is correct and that in 1912 this would be a viable defense or if, even though the mills are entirely intrastate, he would still be subject to the Sherman antitrust act.
Applicable Law
In United States v. Patten, 226 U.S. 525 (U.S. 1913), the defendants were charged with violating the Sherman Anti-trust Act by conspiring to run a...

...11/20/2014
Sherman Antitrust Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sherman Antitrust Act
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Sherman Antitrust Act (ShermanAct,[1]26 Stat. 209
(http://legislink.org/us/stat-26-209), 15 U.S.C. §§ 1
(http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/15/1.html)–7
(http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/15/7.html)) is a landmark
federal statute in the history of United States antitrust law (or
"competition law") passed by Congress in 1890. It prohibits certain
business activities that federal government regulators deem to be
anti-competitive, and requires the federal government to investigate
and pursue trusts.
It has since, more broadly, been used to oppose the combination of
entities that could potentially harm competition, such as monopolies
or cartels.
According to its authors, it was not intended to impact market gains
obtained by honest means, by benefiting the consumers more than
the competitors. Senator George Hoar of Massachusetts, another
author of the Shermanact, said the following:
Sen. John Sherman (R—OH), the
principal author of the Sherman
Antitrust Act.
"... [a person] who merely by superior skill and intelligence...got the whole business because
nobody could do it as well as he could was not a monopolist..(but was if) it involved
something like the use of...

...﻿
THE MONOPOLISTIC AND RESTRICTIVE TRADE PRACTICES ACT, 1969(MRTP ACT)
The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices bill was introduced by the Rajya Sabha in 1967 and drastic changes were made by the Joint parliamentary committee. It was finally passed in the house in on 18 December 1969 and got president's assent on December 27, 1969, but was brought in force from June 1, 1970.
The directive principles of our constitution suggest that ownership and control of material resources should be widely distributed and there should be no concentration of wealth and means of production. With this in mind, The Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 was enacted so as to
To ensure that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of economic power to the common man’s detriments,
To provide for the control of monopolies
To prohibit monopolistic and restrictive trade practices
The MRTP Act extends to the whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir. The act amended in 1974, 1980, 1984, 1988 and 1991. The act placed many restrictions on companies having assets of more than Rs. 100 crores in respect of new projects, diversification, mergers, and even in the appointed of directors.
MRTP act is not applicable to:
Government Company and undertaking owned by Government.
Company established by a Central or State Act....

...regulation of the market in the USA were laid down in the USA, just as the US Constitution too was shaping up. The genesis of all this was in the Sherman Antitrust act in the year 1890. That act strove to control the market environment by putting a tight leash on trusts, organizations and companies which went against that act. To complement and strengthen this Shermanact, which later on turned out to be the basis of anti trust litigation by Federal government, another Act was passed sometime later, in the year 1914. This was the Clayton Antitrust act, passed by the Congress of the United States, drafted by Henry Clayton which explains the name. Hang in there for more on this act.
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
Interestingly, Woodrow Wilson was the president when this act was passed. This Act was mainly a modification and expansion of the already existent federal antitrust law, as a result of the ShermanAct. Clayton Act prescribed changes which were substantive and complementary to the Sherman Antitrust Act. The entire focus of the Clayton Antitrust act was to capture and nip the anti competitive market practices in the bud. This meant that some types of market conducts were to be prohibited. There are primarily 4...

...Clayton antitrust act was passed in 1914. The act was drafted by Alabama Democrat Henry De Lamar Clayton. President Wilson instructed congress to come up with the act when he went into office in 1912. Wilson felt as though large companies had too many freedoms. The Act was put into effect to prohibit anticompetitive price discrimination, prohibit against certain tying and exclusive deal practices, expand power to private parties to sue and obtain triple damages, labor exemption that permitted union organizing, prohibition against ant compatible mergers. Company mergers have to go through the Federal Trade Commission and The Department of Justice for regulation to be approached. It is not uncommon for a merger to be disapproved. Like the ShermanAct, the Clayton Act was put into place to promote competition in the economy. The biggest difference with the Clayton and Shermanact is the Clayton Act allows more regulations of mergers. Labor unions and agricultural unions are not included in the act however. This is why strikes and boycotts are allowed as long as public safety and property are not threatened. One interesting organization that is not included in the act is major league baseball. This is because baseball is considered amusement and not a business. Interesting baseball players aren’t categorized...