GAMBLING: “Cognitive correction techniques were used first to target gamblers’ erroneous perceptions about randomness, and then to address issues of relapse prevention. Post-treatment results indicated that 88% of the treated gamblers no longer met the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling compared to only 20% in the control group.” Ladouceur R, et als. 2003,

“Depression rather than gambling specific characteristics, marital difficulties, or the presence of illegal behaviors appear to be related to the risk of suicidality.” Maccallum F, et al. 2003,

“It was concluded that a history of pathological gambling is associated with previous attempted suicide, and that the association may be due to a common factor–”mental illness.”” Newman SC, et al. 2003,

“These preliminary results suggest that nefazodone [an antidepressant] may be effective in reducing symptoms of pathological gambling and is well tolerated.” Pallanti S, et als. 2002,

“A younger age of GB [gambling behaviour] onset is seen for girls than boys and is correlated with a history of suicide attempts, diagnosis of depression, number of symptoms of oppositional behavior, cluster B personality disorders, and a higher need for psychiatric treatment.” Kaminer Y, et als. 2002,

“This study assessed the frequency of impulse control disorders (ICDs) and their association with bulimia, compulsive buying, and suicide attempts in a population of depressed inpatients. We found 18 cases of intermittent explosive disorder, three cases of pathological gambling, four cases of kleptomania, three cases of pyromania, and three cases of trichotillomania. Patients with co-occurring ICDs were significantly younger (mean age = 37.7 versus 42.8 years). Patients with kleptomania had a higher number of previous depressive episodes (5.7 versus 1.3), and patients with pyromania had a higher number of previous depressions (3.3 versus 1.3, p =.01). Bipolar disorders were more frequent in the ICD+ group than in the ICD- group (19% versus 1.3%, p =.002), Lejoyeux M, et als. 2002, —> Impulse control.

“Citalopram appears to be an effective treatment for pathological gambling, and this benefit was independent of its antidepressant properties. Future studies employing a control group will be important to examine the extent of the response to nonspecific factors of treatment.” Zimmerman M, et als. 2002,

GARLIC AND ONIONS: the active ingredients believed to have blood sugar lowering action are the sulfur containing compounds, allicin and allyl propyl disulphide (APDS) although other constituents such as flavonoids play a role. For studies see: Werbach et al 1994, 145,

GLUCOMANNAN: “Glucomannan delays stomach emptying, leading to a more gradual absorption of dietary sugar; this effect can reduce the elevation of blood sugar levels that is typical after a meal. Controlled studies have found that after-meal blood sugar levels are lower in people with diabetes given glucomannan in their food, and overall diabetic control is improved with glucomannan-enriched diets according to preliminary and controlled trials. Glucomannan may help weight loss by occupying space in the stomach, thereby making a person feel full.”

GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS (GM Foods): People concerned about the influence of GM foods on human health should be familiar with scientific studies showing that GM foods – such as Soya, Corn, Cotton, Canola – may affect the intestinal flora of human digestive system. This may have serious consequences for human health, such as toxins, allergies, infertility, infant mortality, immune dysfunction, stunted growth, accelerated aging and death. See: 84 minutes DVD by Jeffrey Smith.

The Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) claims to carry out safety assessments on a case-by case basis. But it is should be remembered that the agency itself does not carry out the safety testing as it states: “It is the responsibility of companies that have developed GM foods to demonstrate the safety of that food and to supply FSANZ with the raw data from scientific studies to prove this.” This is the same policy of the ineffective American FDA that is meant to protect consumers against the processing of harmful foods. GM foods must be identified on labels with the words “genetically modified”. However, it would be better if labels showed “Non-GMO Food” to insure that humans are not exposed to any GM foods at all.

GLUCOSE: “[The brain] consumes about 120 g daily, which corresponds to an energy input of about 420kcal. The brain accounts for some 60 per cent of the utilization of glucose by the whole body in the resting state”. Stryer 634,

“Cerebral tissue is reported to use from 0.23 to 0.57 gm of glucose per hour per 100 gm wet brain and rates as one of the highest consumers among normal tissues.”See also: Sugar Feeds Cancer

“Results suggest that glucose ingestion may affect in vitro measures of cellular immunity by increasing serum insulin, which complexes with mitogens for binding sites on lymphocytes”.

Glucose is the major source of biological energy called Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). “ATP molecules act therefore as short-term ‘biological batteries’, retaining energy until required for such purposes as active transport, synthesis of new materials, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction. An active cell requires more than two million molecules of ATP per second to drive its biochemical machinery.” Hale et als. 1995, Collins Dictionary of Biology ,p66.see here.

One molecule of glucose produces 36 molecules of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as explained at KHANACADEMY.

“Thus, it is widely believed that the evolution of the sophisticated means of maintaining a relatively constant level of blood glucose, ca 70 to 90 mg/dl, reflects the need to maintain a constant supply of glucose to the brain.” HR Lieberman et als. Nutritional neuroscience.

Nine studies showing that impairment in mitochondria energy production of ATP from glucose may be a mechanism underlying pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, like bipolar disorder, depression and schizophrenia. Source.

Gluten-Free – Its definition: As one of the criteria for using the claim “gluten-free,” FDA is setting a gluten limit of less than 20 ppm (parts per million) in foods that carry this label. This is the lowest level that can be consistently detected in foods using valid scientific analytical tools. Also, most people with celiac disease can tolerate foods with very small amounts of gluten. This level is consistent with those set by other countries and international bodies that set food safety standards. US Food and Drug Adminitration

GLYCEMIC INDEX: “The glycemic index of food is a ranking of foods based on their immediate effect on blood glucose (blood sugar) levels. Carbohydrate foods that breakdown quickly during digestion have the highest glycemic indexes. Their blood sugar response is fast and high. Carbohydrates that breakdown slowly, releasing glucose gradually”See Sydney University Glycemic Index web site.

“Although I applaud the concept of Glycemic Index I believe I have detected a major flaw in the methodology and believe there is a need for a new Glycemic Index to be produced which compares the height of the rise from fasting to peak level for all foods, as they compare to glucose. The current Glycemic Index is based on an area of rise under the sugar curve in the first two hours. With this flawed methodology foods such as carrots, potatoes, rice and bread have Glycemic Indices that are wrongly higher than their actual impact on the patient” Dr George Samra, 2003, 157

GLYCERINE (GLYCERIN, GLYCEROL): Conversion of glycerol (Glycerine) to dihydroxyacetone phosphate –> glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate –> pyruvate or –> ATP. Glycerol (glycerine) bypasses glucose and enters glycolysis as Phosphoglyceraldehyde as illustrated here. Thus it is an alternative source of energy without affecting insulin over-stimulation. See also Stryer 472 One tablespoon of Glycerine mixed in a glass of water and a dash of lemon for taste may help in withdrawing from sugar (ratio of 20 mls of glycerine to 285 mls of water). The usual dose is three times a day with meals.

However it should be remembered that Glycerine is not a cure for hypoglycemia/diabetes. It is management technique.

Take glycerine to treat anxiety, depression or withdraw from drugs, overcome sugar cravings, treat insomnia, when having to face a stressful event (like job interview, exam, public speaking, PTSD attack). See also Glycerin by Dr George Samra.

GOUT: Insulin resistance (IR) has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of gout.” Dessein PH, et als., 2000, For more studies showing an association between gout (hyperuricemia) and insulin resistance as in metabolic syndrome, see here.

GREEN TEA: “Herbs have been used for medicinal purposes, including the treatment of diabetes, for centuries. Plants containing flavonoids are used to treat diabetes in Indian medicine and the green tea flavonoid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), is reported to have glucose-lowering effects” Waltner-Law ME, et als., 2002,

“Green tea was significantly more effective than the black tea. These results show in the hamster model that black and green tea improve the risk factors for heart disease by both hypolipemic and antioxidant mechanisms and possibly a fibrinolytic effect.” Vinson JA 1998,

L-theanine, an amino acid found in green tea, produces a pronounced feeling of tranquility in as little as fifteen (15) minutes. L-theanine increases the activity of GABA, a neurotransmitter (i.e. natural messenger in the brain) that promotes relaxation and reduces anxiety. L-theanine also stimulates the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter responsible for confidence and a sense of well-being. Theanine is a component in Seredyn

GUGULIPID: A herbal compound that lowers both cholesterol and sugar levels. See Mukul myrrh

GYMNEMA, GURMAR (Gymnema sylvestre) Leaves of this woody climber grows in tropical forests and has been used to enhance endogenous insulin production in both type I and II diabetes. GS4, is a water soluble extract of the leaves and unlike the crude extract, has removed two contaminants which inhibit absorption and alters the taste of sweetness. Werbach et al, 1994 146,

HEART ATTACKS: “Diabetes is a risk factor for increased mortality after a myocardial infarction. In conclusions, our study in an unselected patient population demonstrates that admission plasma glucose level independently predicts 1 year mortality even in absence of diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Further studies evaluating the effect of acute insulin intervention in reducing mortality are warranted.” Bolk J,et als. 2001, See also

HERB – DRUG INTERACTIONS: “Herbal medicinals are being used by an increasing number of patients who typically do not advise their clinicians of concomitant use. Known or potential drug-herb interactions exist and should be screened for. If used beyond 8 weeks, Echinacea could cause hepatotoxicity and therefore should not be used with other known hepatoxic drugs, such as anabolic steroids, amiodarone, methotrexate, and ketoconazole. However, Echinacea lacks the 1,2 saturated necrine ring associated with hepatoxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may negate the usefulness of feverfew in the treatment of migraine headaches. Feverfew, garlic, Ginkgo, ginger, and ginseng may alter bleeding time and should not be used concomitantly with warfarin sodium. Additionally, ginseng may cause headache, tremulousness, and manic episodes in patients treated with phenelzine sulfate. Ginseng should also not be used with estrogens or corticosteroids because of possible additive effects. Since the mechanism of action of St John’s Wort is uncertain, concomitant use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is ill advised. Valerian should not be used concomitantly with barbiturates because excessive sedation may occur. Kyushin, licorice, plantain, uzara root, hawthorn, and ginseng may interfere with either digoxin pharmacodynamically or with digoxin monitoring. Evening primrose oil and borage should not be used with anticonvulsants because they may lower the seizure threshold. Shankapulshpi, an Ayurvedic preparation, may decrease phenytoin levels as well as diminish drug efficacy. Kava when used with alprazolam has resulted in coma. Immunostimulants (eg, Echinacea and zinc) should not be given with immunosuppressants (eg, corticosteroids and cyclosporine). Tannic acids present in some herbs (eg, St John’s wort and saw palmetto) may inhibit the absorption of iron. Kelp as a source of iodine may interfere with thyroid replacement therapies. Licorice can offset the pharmacological effect of spironolactone. Numerous herbs (eg, karela and ginseng) may affect blood glucose levels and should not be used in patients with diabetes mellitus.” Miller LG. 1998,

HERBALISM:HerbMed is perhaps the best web site on herbalism, with references to scientific studies on the various herbs. Go to the web site and either click the alphabet or enter term in the search engine. See also Clinical Nutrition above.

“There is still insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of individual herbs and supplements for diabetes; however, they appear to be generally safe. The available data suggest that several supplements may warrant further study. The best evidence for efficacy from adequately designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is available for Coccinia indica and American ginseng. Chromium has been the most widely studied supplement. Other supplements with positive preliminary results include Gymnema sylvestre, Aloe vera, vanadium, Momordica charantia, and nopal.” Yeh GY, et als. 2003,

HERBS WITH HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECTS: (possibly enhancing insulin sensitivities in hypoglycemics). Warning: herbs with hypoglycemic effects that are beneficial for diabetics, may not be so for hypoglycemics.

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE: Extra Vitamin D Doesn’t Cut High Blood Pressure08/14/2013 03:46 PM EDT In older people with low vitamin D levels and a common type of high blood pressure, vitamin D supplements do not appear to lower blood pressure, according to a new study from the UK.

Source: Reuters Health

HOLY BASIL: (Ocimum basilicum) Holy basil, like sweet (culinary) basil, comes from India where it is revered as a sacred herb. The Egyptians burned a mixture of basil and myrrh to appease their gods. Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) was introduced in Europe as a seasoning for food. The herb has very important medicinal properties – notably its ability to reduce blood sugar levels. It also prevents peptic ulcers and other stress related conditions like hypertension, colitis and asthma. Basil is also used to treat cold and reduce fever, congestion and joint pain. It’s known to reduce the stress hormone, cortisol, which in turn reduces the fat the body stores in the abdomen and around the waist. HerbMed

HYDROCHLORIC ACID: The secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach plays an important role in protecting the body against pathogens ingested with food or water. A gastric fluid pH of 1 to 2 is deleterious to many microbial pathogens; 12870767. Hydrochloric acid is also required to cleave vitamin B12 from its protein carrier, Lisa Hark et al, 189. Some authors claim that HCl is the gate-way to all digestive processes and that any imbalance may lead to immune disorders responsible for all sorts of degenerative diseases. Check your stomach for sufficient hydrochloric acid her

HYPERACTIVITY & HYPOGLYCEMIA: “In some circles, hypoglycemia is considered the most common cause of depression, Some studies have shown that up to 75 percent of depressed people were not able to metabolize sugars properly. Dr Harvey Ross, M.D. believes that hypoglycemia is so prevalent that is is mandatory to consider the possibility of this disorder whenever a patient complains of depression”. “Ironically, if you sufer from low blood sugar , the more depressed you are the more you crave sugar.”

HYPERGLYCEMIA: Hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia, poor insulin control, have poorer prognoses: “Our results indicate that in-hospital hyperglycemia is a common finding and represents an important marker of poor clinical outcome and mortality in patients with and without a history of diabetes. Patients with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia had a significantly higher mortality rate and a lower functional outcome than patients with a known history of diabetes or normoglycemia.” Umpierrez GE, et als., 2002,

HYPERTENSION: ” In vitro it was shown that glucose, in a specific, dose- and time-dependent manner, can directly and coordinately alter intracellular ions, increasing cytosolic free calcium, while suppressing intracellular free magnesium and pH levels.” [IOW: High insulin levels make the intracellular Magnesium decrease and the Calcium increase, causing hypertension. High insulin flushes out magnesium but not calcium.] Barbagallo M, et al. 1994, Hyperinsulinism can cause magnesium to be dumped in the urine, upsetting the delicate balance of intracellular magnesium and calcium ions that regulate blood pressure, thereby contributing to hypertension. RAS Hemat Page 38Nearly 30 Percent of Americans Have High Blood Pressure: CDC. About 50% of people with hypertension are not aware. See here and here.

HYPOGLYCEMIA: How to test for hypoglycemia with the special Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) designed by Dr George Samra. See also: Testing, See Gary Null on how it affects the mind. How to test for hypoglycemia with a paper-and-pencil test called the NBI.

: A study of older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) suggests a bidirectional association between hypoglycemic (low blood glucose) events and dementia, according to a report published Online First by JAMA Internal Medicine. There is a growing body of evidence that DM may increase the risk for developing cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia, and there is research interest in whether DM treatment can prevent cognitive decline. When blood glucose declines to low levels, cognitive function is impaired and severe hypoglycemia may cause neuronal damage. Previous research on the potential association between hypoglycemia and cognitive impairment has produced conflicting results, the authors write in the study background. Science News 10 June 2013

ALCOHOL AND INSULIN RESISTANCE: The fact that alcohol results in a dose-related elevation in insulin levels with unaltered blood glucose and free fatty acid responses in NIDDM points to an aggravation of insulin resistance. Hypoglycemics advised not to drink alcohol. Christiansen C, 1993

“In contrast, depression and negative schizophrenia represent another continuum of liability involving hypoglycaemia, hypodopaminergia, and hyposerotonergia. Essentially, this paper reaffirms a previously stated contention that mental illness, in its many guises, is a general manifestation of a diabetic brain state which has been termed ‘cerebral diabetes’.” Holden RJ 1995,

“It has been reported that depression and diabetes mellitus often occur together, and insulin resistance has been observed in patients with depression” Okamura F et als, 1999,

“We conclude that patients with depression have impaired insulin sensitivity and resultant hyperinsulinemia and that these abnormalities can be resolved after recovery from depression.”

“In addition, the doubling in diabetes prevalence in Australia in the past 20 years, which is linked to increased obesity from consumption of energy-dense foods, including those with added sugars (sugar-sweetened drinks being particularly important), provides a strong rationale for retaining a dietary guideline for sugar.” O’Dea K, et al. 2001,

Prediabetes now Strikes one in four Americans: “Almost 26 percent of U.S. adults over the age of 20 are pre-diabetics, and more than 35 percent of seniors, 60 and older. In total, that’s 57 million Americans walking around with pre-diabetes, in addition to the 24 million that have already crossed the line. Compare with Metabolic Syndrome.

According to the population clock on the U.S. Census Bureau’s web site, the U.S. currently has just over 304,554,800 people. So, by my calculations we’re looking at a total of just over 26.5 percent of the entire U.S. population having either pre-diabetes, or some form of diabetes.” Mercola.com 19 July, 2008

Only 11 percent of the estimated 79 million Americans who are at risk for diabetes know they are at risk, federal health officials reported Thursday. The condition, known as prediabetes, describes higher-than-normal blood sugar levels that put people in danger of developing diabetes, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Albright noted that 30 percent or more of those with prediabetes will develop diabetes over the course of a decade. Ochsner March 21, 2013

HYPOGLYCEMIA AND MOOD DISORDERS (Hemat): “Hyperinsulinism blocks the utilisation of adipocytes as a source of energy, thus causing obesity. It also causes to dump magnesium into the urine, upsetting the delicate balance of intracellular magnesium and calcium loss that regulate blood pressure, thereby contributing to hypertension. Hypoglycaemic fluctuations in blood sugar levels causes the body to produce excess adrenaline, which functions to convert glycogen (stored sugar) into glucose in an attempt to stabilise the supply of glucose to the brain. The overproduction of adrenaline, known as the flight/fight hormone, can cause nervousness, panic attacks, phobias, extreme mood swings and bouts of aggression and many other symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Depressant drugs, such as alcohol, tranquillisers, benzodiazepines, sleeping pills (and even refined sugar, my own) may temporarily counteract the effects of adrenaline, these are however very addictive and this helps to explain how hypoglycaemia may lead to alcohol or drug addiction. Most drug addicts have been found to be hypoglycaemic. Insulin resistance may also interfere with the absorption of other essential amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine, which are precursors of important brain neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine. An error in norepinephrine synthesis has been associated withn attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), because the person is bombarded with irrelevant information and cannot concentrate. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that may block out any irrelevant information from the brain and helps a person (especially young children) to concentrate on the task at hand” Source Principles of Orthomolecularism by R.A.S Hemat Page 38, also at Amazon

“Under normal conditions neurons are dependent on glucose for the supply of ATP (see above). Since as much as 75% of ATP produced is utilized by neurons to produce and maintain action potentials and membrane potentials the rate of glucose metabolism can be used as a reliable measure of synaptic activity in neurons.” Functional Neurology for Practitioners of Manual Therapy by Randy W. Beck page 60. Also read: Tanveer Padder MD et als. (2201) Hypoglycemia Presenting as Acute Psychosis.

Hypoglycemia is not caused by Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA): Iron is an essential component of hemoglobin, which is a protein found in red blood cells that is involved in oxygen transport. Iron is also important for cell growth and division. Low levels of iron leads to iron-deficiency anemia and not hypoglycemia. Iron and glucose are important nutrients that should be consumed regularly to prevent anemia and low blood glucose levels. However, IDA and Hypoglycemia may share some of the same symptoms. Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/372127-hypoglycemia-iron/#ixzz26t23eYMd

Hypoglycemic Diet may stave off Kidney Disease: MONDAY, Aug. 12 (HealthDay News) — A healthy diet and moderate alcohol consumption may help people with type 2 diabetes reduce their risk of chronic kidney disease or slow its progression, a new study indicates. Healthday 12 AUG 2013

INCIDENCE OF DEPRESSION: About 9.5% of the US population aged 18 and over in a given year are affected by a Depressive, Dysthymic or Bipolar Disorder. Everyone will at some time in their life be affected by depression — their own or someone else’s, according to Australian Government statistics. (Depression statistics in Australia are comparable to those of the US and UK.) Pre-schoolers are the fastest growing market for antidepressant drugs. The rate of increase of depression among children is an astounding 12%. About 15% of the population of most developed countries suffer severe depression. 30% of women are depressed. 54% of people believe depression is due to a personal weakness. An estimated 80% of depressed people are not currently having any treatment. 15% of depressed people will commit suicide. Source

INSOMNIA AND HYPOGLYCEMIA: “Hypoglycemia (2.8 mmol/l) was induced for 45 min by insulin infusion once during sleep and once at the same time of night while being awake. During sleep, the organism is less sensitive to hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia per se has an awakening effect.” Gais S, et als. 2003,

“Melatonin seems to be the natural hormone to facilitate sleep in insomniac patients and causes no hang over. When applied together with benzodiazepine it allows reduction of benzodiazepine without withdrawal effects. It should be applied 2 h before sleeping time in doses between 3 and 5 mg. Constant application of benzodiazepine reduced the production of natural melatonin in rats, supporting the evidence that long-term application of benzodiazepine in humans does not restore sleeping habits but reduces natural sleeping habits even more. Low melatonin levels were seen in bulimia or neuralgia and in women with fibromyalgia; replacement reduced pain, sleeping disorders, and depression in fibromyalgia and bulimia” Rohr UD et al. 2002, See also Insomnia in Index.

INSULIN RESISTANCE“has been estimated to occur in up to 25% of the ‘normal’ non-diabetic population of the USA” Dr Robyn Cosford 1998 –> page 2

LEAKY GUT SYNDROME (LGS): “When toxic matter and undigested food, collected in the intestines as a result of bowel toxemia, are absorbed from the bowels into the blood stream, the result is a recognized medical condition known as ‘leaky gut syndrome’”. “The undigested molecules act as antigens, foreign substances that provoke an immune reaction. Many of these antigens are similar in structure to normal body components, and the antibodies produced to fight them can destroy healthy tissues. Recent studies suggest this immune reaction contributes to, or may cause, rheumatoid arthritis and other degenerative diseases” Strohecker 144, and RAS Hemat p.394 [This immune reaction can affect any organ in the body, including the brain, but there appears to be only a few studies done on the relationship between Leaky Gut Syndrome and mental illness.]

” A rationale is given for the hypothesis that the gut is the likely source of the antigens causing inflammatory arthritis, and the studies of this hypothesis to date are reviewed.” Rooney PJ, et als. 1990,

“We conclude that small intestinal passive permeability is increased in some patients with atopic eczema.” Ukabam SO, et als. 1984,

LIGHTING AND BEHAVIOUR: Alexander Schauss in his book “Diet, Crime and Delinquency” mentions “the standard cool-white fluorescent tubes and fixtures with solid diffusers (covers)”. In a study with hyperactive children scientists replaced these tubes with “full-spectrum fluorescent tubes that more closely duplicated natural daylight”. In this study the behaviour of hyperactive children were filmed using time lapse photography. “A dramatic improvement in behavior was demonstrated in hyperactive children. The first graders settled down and paid more attention to their teachers in the full-spectrum lighted rooms”.

“Comparing a group of ten elderly men living under full-spectrum fluorescent with ten living under cool-fluorescent, it was found that over the winter calcium absorption in the cool-white group fell by 25 percent.” Under the heading “Using Color To Reduce Aggression” he writes; “I suggested that corrections officials try to use a ‘pink room’ (the pink color is 620 nanometers) to curb physically violent inmates or delinquents”.

“Dr Humphrey Osmond, a psychiatrist at Bryce Hospital in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, has had schizophrenic patients stare at pink cloth to reduce stress” These patients felt much more relaxed. Schauss, 1980, 90-93, See also Circadian Cycle

“Weight gain is a frequent adverse effect associated with lithium use. Leptin is an adipocyte hormone, regulating food intake and energy balance providing the hypothalamus with information on the amount of body fat. In conclusion, our result suggest that leptin may be associated with lithium-induced weight gain.” Atmaca M, et als. 2002.

MAGNESIUM AND HYPERTENSION: Insulin resistance can cause an imbalance between magnesium and Calcium causing hypertension among many others. See also: Gregory Walsh, Michael Lavery

MAILLARD REACTION: “It is now known that glucose and other reducing sugars can react in our bodies with proteins and with nucleic acids like DNA and RNA to form complex compounds. These glycosylation reactions are known generally as the Maillard Reaction. It is the cause of the yellow brown colour (called Amadori products), that develop when foods containing proteins and sugars are heated in air in cooking.” “Because diabetics are hyperglycemic, i.e., have high blood sugar, they have high concentrations of proteins modified by the Maillard Reaction…..” and this may be responsible for the development of cataracts and atherosclerosis. Florence 50-1,

Marijuana use can lead to violence, and is a risk factor for schizophrenia. References

There is a significant association between use of marijuana and depression. References

An ingredient in marijuana, known as Cannabidiol, has been reported to alleviate symptoms of psychosis and depression.

MAX PLANCK: (1858-1947), German physicist and Nobel laureate, who was the originator of the quantum theory.: Quotation from Bartleby.com

“An important scientific innovation rarely, makes its way by gradually winning over and converting its opponents. What does happen is that its opponents gradually die out and that the growing generation is familiar with the idea from the beginning.” (British Medical Journal 1991 (Oct 5); 303: 798–799)

MEDICAL JOURNALS: From article by Dr Ian Brighthope quoting Richard Smith: “There are 30,000 biomedical journals in the world and they have grown steadily by 7% per year since the 17th century. Yet, according to the editor of the British Medical Journal, Richard Smith (October 1994), only about 15% of medical interventions are supported by solid scientific evidence. According to Professor David Eddy, of Duke University, only 1% of the articles in medical journals are scientifically sound and many treatments have never been assessed at all. If , according to Professor Eddy, it is time, as the total quality management gurus tell us, ‘that every defect is a treasure’, then we are sitting on King Solomon’s mine. There is a poverty of medical evidence to support the majority of present day medical practices.”

Mercury & Autism: TUESDAY, July 23 (HealthDay News) — Children exposed to low levels of mercury in the womb because their mothers ate large amounts of fish during pregnancy don’t appear to be at increased risk for autism, a new study suggests. Healthday 23 July 2013

Metabolic Syndrome Statististics: Both the crude and age-adjusted estimates indicate that approximately 34% of the population 20 years of age and over met the criteria for metabolic syndrome (Table 3). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome by sex. + The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased with each succeeding age group for both sexes. While about 20% of males and 16% of females under 40 years of age met the criteria for metabolic syndrome, 41% of males and 37% of females 40–59 years of age and 52% of males and 54% of females 60 years of age and over met the criteria. National Health Statistics Reports, by R Bethene Ervin et als 5 May 2009. Compare with Prediabetes.

Metabolic syndrome is considered to be a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes that arises due to insulin resistance and an abnormal function and pattern of body fat MedicineNet.com

From this definition it is clear that there is a close association between Metabolic Syndrome (Syndrome X ) and Hypoglycemia. Both Metabolic Syndrome and Hypoglycemia share symptoms of obesity and appear to have similar statistics. Compare with Hypoglycemia Stats.

METABOLIC TYPING DIET: The hypoglycemic diet should be adjusted to the individual. Find out whether you are the low carbohydrate, high protein or high fat metabolic type. “Generally speaking, eating a meal that is right for your metabolic type should produce marked and lasting improvement in your energy, your mental capacities, your emotional well-being, and leave you feeling well-satisfied for several hours.” Not all “low-carb diets” are the same. Metabolic Typing .

Metformin reduce risk for Dementia and may reduce the risk of dying of prostate cancer. HealthDay

MEMORY & HYPOGLYCEMIA: “All memory systems were impaired during acute hypoglycemia, with working memory and delayed memory being particularly susceptible. These findings are informative concerning the metabolic basis of adequate memory function and are of practical importance to people with insulin-treated diabetes, in whom hypoglycemia is common.” Sommerfield AJ,et als. 2003,

A study with rats investigating the results of administration of Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba and their combination in Gincosam®, The results suggest that the Panax ginseng G115 and the Ginkgo biloba GK501 extracts possess properties similar in every respect to those of nootropic drugs. Petkov VD,, 1993,

“The objective was to assess the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as a preventive treatment for migraine headaches. Thirty-one of 32 patients completed the study; 61.3% of patients had a greater than 50% reduction in number of days with migraine headache. From this open label investigation coenzyme Q10 appears to be a good migraine preventive. Placebo-controlled trials are now necessary to determine the true efficacy of coenzyme Q10 in migraine prevention.” Rozen TD, et al 2002., Also look up Index for Specific Topics —> Migraines. See also Migraines and Headaches Notes.

MUKUL MYRRH: “Dr. Mercola’s Comment: Clearly lowering one’s insulin levels is the first and most important key to optimizing cholesterol ratios. Occasionally other treatments are required. I have used gugulipid in the past and have been impressed with its ability to lower cholesterol. I was not aware that it was derived from myrrh. This is not a panacea to lower cholesterol, but it can be a useful modality while one makes the transition to the diet and exercise program that will provide a more effective strategy.”

NIACIN DEFICIENCY: Known as Pellagra may be responsible for depression. When there is a deficiency of niacin (vitmin B3, nicotinamide, niacinamide), the body will use its available tryptophan to synthesize niacin. (Diagram) It takes 60 mg of tryptophan to produce 1 mg of niacin. Niacin supplementation may reduce depression. Niacin may cause a harmless flush, and a safe alternative would be inositol hexaniacininate. Head KA 2000,

Niacin at 500 mg daily enhances the conversion of lactate (high levels associated with anxiety) to pyruvate and may have a mionor tranquilzing effect. Werbach, 1991, 51.

“More than one-third of U.S. adults and approximately 17 percent (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years are obese,” Saber said. Source

“Treatment with beta-blockers also results in insulin resistance, which may aggravate existing diabetes and elicit diabetes in predisposed patients. Overweight and obesity are frequently complicated with hypertension and angina pectoris, which are often treated with beta-blockers. The consequence may be aggravation of hypertension, insulin resistance and other atherogenic factors.” Astrup AV 1990,

Obesity: “Insulin resistance may result from the lack of adipocyte hormones (such as leptin) and increased metabolite (such as triglyceride) levels in nonadipose tissue. Mice with depleted adipocyte triglyceride levels typically are insulin sensitive and have normal or low liver and circulating triglycerides” Reitman ML 2002,

“Obesity is associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance underlies a constellation of adverse metabolic and physiological changes (the insulin resistance syndrome) which is a strong risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes and CHD. Adipose tissue in obesity becomes refractory to suppression of fat mobilization by insulin [meaning high insulin interferes with conversion of fat (triglydcerides) in fat cells to energy], and also to the normal acute stimulatory effect of insulin on activation of lipoprotein lipase (involved in fat storage).” Frayn KN. 2001, For studies associating Obesity with Depression see: Scholarly References.

“Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) [may cause obesity] is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It has become increasingly evident that insulin resistance plays a significant role both as a cause and result of the syndrome. Insulin resistance in PCOS seems to involve a postbinding defect in the insulin receptor and/or in the receptor signal transduction. Current research has focused on identifying a genetic predisposition for insulin resistance in this syndrome.” Sozen I, et al. 2000,

“However, experimental studies provide evidence that the ingestion of > or = 50 g sugar within 20-60 min of a meal results in reduced mealtime food intake, which suggests that appetite regulatory centers respond to sugar’s energy content. Epidemiologic studies provide evidence that sugar consumption, as well as carbohydrate consumption, is associated with leanness, not obesity. Thus there is no evidence to support the hypothesis that sugar is unique among carbohydrates as a dietary component affecting food intake.” Anderson GH 1995,

“In a study led by Dr. C. Ronald Kahn, President of Joslin Diabetes Center, in collaboration with researchers at Joslin and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, mice were bred to lack insulin receptors in their fat cells. Insulin is a hormone that moves sugar (glucose) from the blood into cells where it is used as fuel. Remarkably, these mice had a lean body mass and differed from control mice in that they were protected from obesity associated with age — and overeating. They were also protected from a condition called insulin-resistance that is associated with obesity and leads to diabetes.” Joslin Diabetes Center .

“Therefore, obese/insulin-resistant subjects are characterized by endothelial dysfunction and endothelial resistance to insulin’s effect on enhancement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. This endothelial dysfunction could contribute to the increased risk of atherosclerosis in obese insulin-resistant subjects.” Steinberg HO, et als. 1999,

“The molecular mechanisms underlying the link between obesity and diabetes have been elusive. A new protein, christened ‘resistin’, can now be added to the panoply of factors that may be involved.” Flier JS 2001,

“Although obesity has multiple etiologies, an overlooked possibility is an infectious origin. We previously identified two viruses, SMAM-1, an avian adenovirus (Ad), and Ad-36, a human adenovirus, that produce a syndrome of visceral obesity, with paradoxically decreased serum cholesterol and triglycerides in chickens and mice. These studies illustrate that the adiposity-promoting effect of Ad-36 occurs in two nonhuman primate species and demonstrates the usefulness of nonhuman primates for further evaluation of Ad-36-induced adiposity.” Dhurandhar NV, et als. 2002, Dhurandhar NV. 2001,

“The obesity of parents is one factor of risk of the child obesity. The short length of sleep (< 8 hours), the erosion between meals especially in the evening after the dinner, the daily consumption of sugary foods and sparkling drinks is the important risk factors exposing to the infantile obesity this group of age. These behaviours can be corrected by a strategy of prevention and nutritional education.” Ben Slama F, et als. 2002,

“The LC [low carbohydrate] diet appears to be an effective method for short-term weight loss in overweight adolescents and does not harm the lipid profile.” Sondike SB, et als. 2003,

“Serum leptin increased with increase in body mass index and waist hip ratio was strongly related with insulin resistance in NIDDM. CONCLUSION: Leptin levels are increased in obesity and may play a role in development of insulin resistance and NIDDM.” Haque Z, et al. 2003,

“In addition, certain psychologic problems, including binge-eating disorder and depression, are more common among obese persons than they are in the general population (8.9). Finally, obese individuals may suffer from social stigmatization and discrimination, and severely obese people may experience greater risk of impaired psychosocial and physical functioning, causing a negative impact on their quality of life (10).” Khaodhiar L et als. 1999,

“According to studies in unipolar and bipolar patients, 57-68% of patients are overweight or obese, and the rate of metabolic syndrome was found to be between 25-49% in bipolar patients. The rate of metabolic syndrome is further increased by pharmacotherapy. Low total and HDL cholesterol level increases the risk for depression and suicide and recent studies suggest that omega-3-fatty acids possess antidepressive efficacy.” Rihmer Z et als. (2008)

A therapeutic dosage is 3 to 4 tablespoons a day of coconut oil will reduce obesity, improve the function of the thyroid gland, improve insulin sensitivity (hypoglycemia and diabetes) menopausal symptoms and lower cholesterol among many other health benefits. Brian Shilavy, Ray Peat and Google search See also: Coconut Oil.

Oolong Tea or Wulong Tea ” may be an effective crude drug for the treatment of obesity and fatty liver caused by a high-fat diet.” Han LK et als. Jan 1999. L-theanine (N-ethyl-L-glutamine) or theanine is a major amino acid uniquely found in green tea. L-theanine has been historically reported as a relaxing agent, Pubmed 17182482

The amino acid in SEREDYN, L-theanine, increases the activity of a neurotransmitter called GABA. (A neurotransmitter is a natural compound used by the brain to send messages from one nerve cell to another.) Anxiety and panic attacks often result from low levels of GABA. By naturally increasing the activity of GABA in the brain, L-theanine promotes a sense of tranquility and relieves anxiety. SEREDYN.