Performance Monitoring

Note The terms "Unidirectional Path Switched Ring" and "UPSR" may appear in Cisco literature. These terms do not refer to using Cisco ONS 15xxx products in a unidirectional path switched ring configuration. Rather, these terms, as well as "Path Protected Mesh Network" and "PPMN," refer generally to Cisco's path protection feature, which may be used in any topological network configuration. Cisco does not recommend using its path protection feature in any particular topological network configuration.

Performance monitoring (PM) parameters are used by service providers to gather, store, set thresholds, and report performance data for early detection of problems. In this chapter, PM parameters and concepts are defined for electrical cards, Ethernet cards, and optical cards in the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH.

4.1 Threshold Performance Monitoring

Thresholds are used to set error levels for each PM parameter. You can set individual PM threshold values from the Cisco Transport Controller (CTC) card view Provisioningtab. For procedures on provisioning card thresholds, such as line, path, and SDH thresholds, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Procedure Guide.

During the accumulation cycle, if the current value of a performance monitoring parameter reaches or exceeds its corresponding threshold value, a threshold crossing alert (TCA) is generated by the node and displayed by CTC. TCAs provide early detection of performance degradation. When a threshold is crossed, the node continues to count the errors during a given accumulation period. If 0 is entered as the threshold value, the performance monitoring parameter is disabled.

Note Due to limitation of memory and number of TCAs generates by different platforms, you can manually add/modify the following two (2) properties to their property file (CTC.INI for Windows and .ctcrc for Unix) to fit the need:ctc.15xxx.node.tr.lowater=yyy (where xxx is platform and yyy is number of lowater mark. Default lowater makr is 25)ctc.15xxx.node.tr.hiwater=yyy (where xxx is platform and yyy is number of hiwater mark. Default hiwater mark is 50)If the number of incoming TCA is greater than the hiwater, it will keep the latest lowater and discard older ones.

Change the threshold if the default value does not satisfy your error monitoring needs. For example, customers with a critical E1 installed for 911 calls must guarantee the best quality of service on the line; therefore, they lower all thresholds so that the slightest error raises a TCA.

4.2 Intermediate-Path Performance Monitoring

Intermediate-path performance monitoring (IPPM) allows transparent monitoring of a constituent channel of an incoming transmission signal by a node that does not terminate that channel. Many large ONS 15454 SDH networks only use line terminating equipment (LTE), not path terminating equipment (PTE). Table 4-1 shows ONS 15454 SDH cards that are considered LTE.

Table 4-1 Line Terminating Equipment (LTE)

Electrical LTE

STM1E-12

—

Optical LTE

OC3 IR 4/STM1 SH 1310

OC3 IR/STM1 SH 1310-8

OC12 IR/STM4 SH1310

OC12 LR/STM4 LH1310

OC12 LR/STM4 LH 1550

OC12 IR/STM4 SH 1310-4

OC48 IR/STM16 SH AS 1310

OC48 LR/STM16 LH AS 1550

OC48 ELR/STM16 EH 100 GHz

OC192 SR/STM64 IO 1310

OC192 IR/STM64 SH 1550

OC192 LR/STM64 LH 1550

OC192 LR/STM64 LH ITU 15xx.xx

TXP_MR_10G

MXP_2.5G_10G

MXP_MR_2.5G

MXPP_MR_2.5G

—

Software Release 3.0 (R3.0) and later allow LTE cards to monitor near-end PM data on individual high-order paths by enabling IPPM. After enabling IPPM provisioning on the line card, service providers can monitor high-order paths that are configured in pass-through mode on an ONS 15454 SDH operating in SDH AU4 mode, thus making troubleshooting and maintenance activities more efficient.

IPPM occurs only on high-order paths that have IPPM enabled, and TCAs are raised only for PM parameters on the IPPM enabled paths. The monitored IPPM parameters are HP-EB, HP-BBE, HP-ES, HP-SES, HP-UAS, HP-ESR, HP-SESR, and HP-BBER.

Note The E1 card and STM-1 card can monitor far-end IPPM. For all other cards listed in Table 4-1, far-end IPPM is not supported. However, SDH path PM parameters can be monitored by logging into the far-end node directly.

The ONS 15454 SDH performs IPPM by examining the overhead in the monitored path and by reading all of the near-end path PM values in the incoming direction of transmission. The IPPM process allows the path signal to pass bidirectionally through the node completely unaltered.

For detailed information about specific IPPM parameters, locate the card name in the following sections and review the appropriate definition.

4.3 Pointer Justification Count Performance Monitoring

Pointers are used to compensate for frequency and phase variations. Pointer justification counts indicate timing errors on SDH networks. When a network is out of synchronization, jitter and wander occur on the transported signal. Excessive wander can cause terminating equipment to slip.

Pointers provide a way to align the phase variations in VC4 payloads. The VC4 payload pointer is located in the H1 and H2 bytes of the AU pointers section and is a count of the number of bytes the VC4 path overhead (POH) J1 byte is away from the H3 byte, not including the section overhead bytes. Clocking differences are measured by the offset in bytes from the pointer to the first byte of the VC4 POH called the J1 byte. Clocking differences that exceed the normal range of 0 to 782 can cause data loss.

There are positive (PPJC) and negative (NPJC) pointer justification count parameters. PPJC is a count of path-detected (PPJC-Pdet) or path-generated (PPJC-Pgen) positive pointer justifications. NPJC is a count of path-detected (NPJC-Pdet) or path-generated (NPJC-Pgen) negative pointer justifications depending on the specific PM name.

A consistent pointer justification count indicates clock synchronization problems between nodes. A difference between the counts means the node transmitting the original pointer justification has timing variations with the node detecting and transmitting this count. Positive pointer adjustments occur when the frame rate of the POH is too slow in relation to the rate of the VC4.

You must enable PPJC and NPJC performance monitoring parameters for LTE cards. See Table 4-1 for a list of Cisco ONS 15454 SDH LTE cards. In CTC, the count fields for PPJC and NPJC PM parameters appear white and blank unless they are enabled on the card view Provisioning tab.

For detailed information about specific pointer justification count PM parameters, locate the card name in the following sections and review the appropriate definition.

4.4 Performance Monitoring Parameter Definitions

Table 4-2 gives definitions for each type of performance monitoring parameter found in this chapter.

Table 4-2 Performance Monitoring Parameters

Parameter

Definition

AISS-P

AIS Seconds Path (AISS-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more AIS defects.

BBE

Path Background Block Error (BBE) is an errored block not occurring as part of an SES.

BBE-PM

Path Monitoring Background Block Errors (BBE-PM) indicates the number of background block errors recorded in the optical transfer network (OTN) path during the PM time interval.

BBER

Path Background Block Error Ratio (BBER) is the ratio of BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval. The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

BBER-PM

Path Monitoring Background Block Errors Ratio (BBER-PM) indicates the background block errors ratio recorded in the OTN path during the PM time interval.

BBER-SM

Section Monitoring Background Block Errors Ratio (BBER-SM) indicates the background block errors ratio recorded in the OTN section during the PM time interval.

BBE-SM

Section Monitoring Background Block Errors (BBE-SM) indicates the number of background block errors recorded in the optical transport network (OTN) section during the PM time interval.

BIE

The number of bit errors (BIE) corrected in the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) trunk line during the PM time interval.

BIEC

The number of Bit Errors Corrected (BIEC) in the DWDM trunk line during the PM time interval.

CGV

Code Group Violations (CGV) is a count of received code groups that do not contain a start or end delimiter.

CVCP-P

Code Violation Path (CVCP-P) is a count of CP-bit parity errors occurring in the accumulation period.

CVCP-PFE

Code Violation (CVCP-PFE) is a parameter that is counted when the three far-end block error (FEBE) bits in a M-frame are not all collectively set to 1.

CV-L

Code Violation Line (CV-L) indicates that the number of coding violations occurring on the line. This parameter is a count of BPVs and EXZs occurring over the accumulation period.

CVP-P

Code Violation Path (CVP-P) is a code violation parameter for M23 applications. CVP-P is a count of P-bit parity errors occurring in the accumulation period.

DCG

Date Code Groups (DCG) is a count of received data code groups that do not contain ordered sets.

EB

Path Errored Block (EB) indicates that one or more bits are in error within a block.

ES

Path Errored Second (ES) is a one-second period with one or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

ESCP-P

Errored Second Path (ESCP-P) is a count of seconds containing one or more CP-bit parity errors, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects. ESCP-P is defined for the C-bit parity application.

ESCP-PFE

Errored Second (ESCP-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more M-frames with the three FEBE bits not all collectively set to 1 or one or more far-end SEF/AIS defects.

ES-L

Errored Seconds Line (ES-L) is a count of the seconds containing one or more anomalies (BPV + EXZ) and/or defects (loss of signal) on the line.

ES-P

Path Errored Second (ES-P) is a one-second period with at least one defect.

ES-PM

Path Monitoring Errored Seconds (ES-PM) indicates the errored seconds recorded in the OTN path during the PM time interval.

ESP-P

Errored Second Path (ESP-P) is a count of seconds containing one or more P-bit parity errors, one or more severely errored framing (SEF) defects, or one or more AIS defects.

ESR

Path Errored Second Ratio (ESR) is the ratio of errored seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

ESR-P

Path Errored Second Ratio (ESR-P) is the ratio of errored seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

ESR-PM

Path Monitoring Errored Seconds Ratio (ESR-PM) indicates the errored seconds ratio recorded in the OTN path during the PM time interval.

ESR-SM

Section Monitoring Errored Seconds Ratio (ESR-SM) indicates the errored seconds ratio recorded in the OTN section during the PM time interval.

ES-SM

Section monitoring errored seconds (ES-SM) indicates the errored seconds recorded in the OTN section during the PM time interval.

FC-PM

Path Monitoring Failure Counts (FC-PM) indicates the failure counts recorded in the OTN path during the PM time interval.

FC-SM

Section Monitoring Failure Counts (FC-SM) indicates the failure counts recorded in the OTN section during the PM time interval.

HP-BBE

High-Order Path Background Block Error (HP-BBE) is an errored block not occurring as part of an SES.

HP-BBER

High-Order Path Background Block Error Ratio (HP-BBER) is the ratio of BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval. The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

HP-EB

High-Order Path Errored Block (HP-EB) indicates that one or more bits are in error within a block.

HP-ES

High-Order Path Errored Second (HP-ES) is a one-second period with one or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

HP-ESR

High-Order Path Errored Second Ratio (HP-ESR) is the ratio of errored seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

HP-NPJC-Pdet

High-Order, Negative Pointer Justification Count, Path Detected (HP-NPJC-Pdet) is a count of the negative pointer justifications detected on a particular path on an incoming SDH signal.

High-Order Path Pointer Justification Count Difference (HP-PJCDiff) is the absolute value of the difference between the total number of detected pointer justification counts and the total number of generated pointer justification counts. That is, HP-PJCDiff is equal to (HP-PPJC-PGen-HP-NPJC-PGen) - (HP-PPJC-PDet - HP-NPJC-PDet).

HP-PJCS-Pdet

High-Order Path Pointer Justification Count Seconds (HP-PJCS-PDet) is a count of the one-second intervals containing one or more HP-PPJC-PDet or HP-NPJC-PDet.

HP-PJCS-Pgen

High-Order Path Pointer Justification Count Seconds (HP-PJCS-PGen) is a count of the one-second intervals containing one or more HP-PPJC-PGen or HP-NPJC-PGen.

HP-PPJC-Pdet

High-Order, Positive Pointer Justification Count, Path Detected (HP-PPJC-Pdet) is a count of the positive pointer justifications detected on a particular path on an incoming SDH signal.

High-Order Path Severely Errored Seconds (HP-SES) is a one-second period containing 30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect. SES is a subset of ES.

HP-SESR

High-Order Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (HP-SESR) is the ratio of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

HP-UAS

High-Order Path Unavailable Seconds (HP-UAS) is a count of the seconds when the VC path was unavailable. A high-order path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as HP-SESs, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as HP-SESs.

Line Loss of Signal (LOSS-L) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more LOS defects.

LP-BBE

Low-Order Path Background Block Error (LP-BBE) is an errored block not occurring as part of an SES.

LP-BBER

Low-Order Path Background Block Error Ratio (LP-BBER) is the ratio of BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval. The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

LP-EB

Low-Order Path Errored Block (LP-EB) indicates that one or more bits are in error within a block.

LP-ES

Low-Order Path Errored Second (LP-ES) is a one-second period with one or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

LP-ESR

Low-Order Path Errored Second Ratio (LP-ESR) is the ratio of errored seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

LP-SES

Low-Order Path Severely Errored Seconds (LP-SES) is a one-second period containing greater than or equal to 30 percent errored blocks or at least one defect. SES is a subset of ES.

LP-SESR

Low-Order Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (LP-SESR) is the ratio of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

LP-UAS

Low-Order Path Unavailable Seconds (LP-UAS) is a count of the seconds when the VC path was unavailable. A low-order path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as LP-SESs, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as LP-SESs.

MS-BBE

Multiplex Section Background Block Error (MS-BBE) is an errored block not occurring as part of an SES.

MS-BBER

Multiplex Section Background Block Error Ratio (MS-BBER) is the ratio of BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval. The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

MS-EB

Multiplex Section Errored Block (MS-EB) indicates that one or more bits are in error within a block.

MS-ES

Multiplex Section Errored Second (MS-ES) is a one-second period with one or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

MS-ESR

Multiplex Section Errored Second Ratio (MS-ESR) is the ratio of errored seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

In a 1+1 protection scheme for a working card, Multiplex Section Protection Switching Count (MS-PSC) is a count of the number of times service switches from a working card to a protection card plus the number of times service switches back to the working card.

For a protection card, MS-PSC is a count of the number of times service switches to a working card from a protection card plus the number of times service switches back to the protection card. The MS-PSC PM is only applicable if revertive line-level protection switching is used.

For a protect line in a two-fiber ring, Multiplex Section Protection Switching Count (MS-PSC) refers to the number of times a protection switch has occurred either to a particular span's line protection or away from a particular span's line protection. Therefore, if a protection switch occurs on a two-fiber MS-SPRing, the MS-PSC of the protection span to which the traffic is switched will increment, and when the switched traffic returns to its original working span from the protect span, the MS-PSC of the protect span will increment again.

MS-PSC-R

In a four-fiber MS-SPRing, Multiplex Section Protection Switching Count-Ring (MS-PSC-R) is a count of the number of times service switches from a working line to a protection line plus the number of times it switches back to a working line. A count is only incremented if ring switching is used.

MS-PSC-S

In a four-fiber MS-SPRing, Multiplex Section Protection Switching Count-Span (MS-PSC-S) is a count of the number of times service switches from a working line to a protection line plus the number of times it switches back to the working line. A count is only incremented if span switching is used.

MS-PSC-W

For a working line in a two-fiber MS-SPRing, Multiplex Section Protection Switching Count-Working (MS-PSC-W) is a count of the number of times traffic switches away from the working capacity in the failed line and back to the working capacity after the failure is cleared. MS-PSC-W increments on the failed working line and MS-PSC increments on the active protect line.

For a working line in a four-fiber MS-SPRing, MS-PSC-W is a count of the number of times service switches from a working line to a protection line plus the number of times it switches back to the working line. MS-PSC-W increments on the failed line and MS-PSC-R or MS-PSC-S increments on the active protect line.

MS-PSD

Multiplex Section Protection Switching Duration (MS-PSD) applies to the length of time, in seconds, that service is carried on another line. For a working line, MS-PSD is a count of the number of seconds that service was carried on the protection line.

For the protection line, MS-PSD is a count of the seconds that the line was used to carry service. The MS-PSD PM is only applicable if revertive line-level protection switching is used. MS-PSD increments on the active protect line and MS-PSD-W increments on the failed working line.

MS-PSD-R

In a four-fiber MS-SPRing, Multiplex Section Protection Switching Duration-Ring (MS-PSD-R) is a count of the seconds that the protection line was used to carry service. A count is only incremented if ring switching is used.

MS-PSD-S

In a four-fiber MS-SPRing, Multiplex Section Protection Switching Duration-Span (MS-PSD-S) is a count of the seconds that the protection line was used to carry service. A count is only incremented if span switching is used.

MS-PSD-W

For a working line in a two-fiber MS-SPRing, Multiplex Section Protection Switching Duration-Working (MS-PSD-W) is a count of the number of seconds that service was carried on the protection line. MS-PSD-W increments on the failed working line and PSD increments on the active protect line.

MS-SES

Multiplex Section Severely Errored Second (MS-SES) is a one-second period which contains 30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect. SES is a subset of ES. For more information, see ITU-T G.829 Section 5.1.3.

MS-SESR

Multiplex Section Severely Errored Second ratio (MS-SESR) is the ratio of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

MS-UAS

Multiplex Section Unavailable Seconds (MS-UAS) is a count of the seconds when the section was unavailable. A section becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as MS-SESs, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as MS-SESs. When the condition is entered, MS-SESs decrement and then count toward MS-UAS.

Optical Power Received (OPR) is the measure of average optical power received as a percentage of the nominal OPT.

OPR-AVG

Average receive optical power (dBm).

OPR-MAX

Maximum receive optical power (dBm).

OPR-MIN

Minimum receive optical power (dBm).

OPT

Optical Power Transmitted (OPT) is the measure of average optical power transmitted as a percentage of the nominal OPT.

OPT-AVG

Average transmit optical power (dBm).

OPT-MAX

Maximum transmit optical power (dBm).

OPT-MIN

Minimum transmit optical power (dBm).

RS-BBE

Regenerator Section Background Block Error (RS-BBE) is an errored block not occurring as part of an SES.

RS-BBER

Regenerator Section Background Block Error Ratio (RS-BBER) is the ratio of BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval. The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

RS-EB

Regenerator Section Errored Block (RS-EB) indicates that one or more bits are in error within a block.

RS-ES

Regenerator Section Errored Second (RS-ES) is a one-second period with one or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

RS-ESR

Regenerator Section Errored Second Ratio (RS-ESR) is the ratio of errored seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

RS-SES

Regenerator Section Severely Errored Second (RS-SES) is a one-second period which contains 30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect. SES is a subset of ES.

RS-SESR

Regenerator Section Severely Errored Second Ratio (RS-SESR) is the ratio of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

RS-UAS

Regenerator Section Unavailable Second (RS-UAS) is a count of the seconds when the regenerator section was unavailable. A section becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as RS-UASs, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as RS-UASs.

Rx AISS-P

Receive Path Alarm Indication Signal (AISS-P) means that an alarm indication signal occurred on the receive end of the path. This parameter is a count of seconds containing one or more Alarm Indication Signal (AIS) defects.

Rx BBE-P

Receive Path Background Block Error (BBE-P) is an errored block not occurring as part of an SES.

Rx EB-P

Receive Path Errored Block (EB-P) indicates that one or more bits are in error within a block.

Rx ES-P

Receive Path Errored Second (ES-P) is a one-second period with one or more errored blocks or at least one defect.

Rx ESR-P

Receive Path Errored Second Ratio (ESR-P) is the ratio of errored seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

Rx SES-P

Receive Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a one-second period containing 30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect; SES is a subset of ES.

Rx SESR-P

Receive Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (SESR-P) is the ratio of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

Rx UAS-P

Receive Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the E-1 path is unavailable on the signal receive end. The E-1 path is unavailable when ten consecutive SESs occur. The ten SESs are included in unavailable time. After the E-1 path becomes unavailable, it becomes available when ten consecutive seconds occur with no SESs. The ten seconds with no SESs are excluded from unavailable time.

Rx BBER-P

Receive Path Background Block Error Ratio (BBER-P) is the ratio of BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval. The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

SASCP-P

SEF/AIS Second (SASCP-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more near-end SEF/AIS defects.

SASP-P

SEF/AIS Seconds Path (SASP-P) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more SEFs or one or more AIS defects on the path.

SES

Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES) is a one-second period containing 30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect. SES is a subset of ES.

SESCP-P

Severely Errored Seconds Path (SESCP-P) is a count of seconds containing more than 44 CP-bit parity errors, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects.

SESCP-PFE

Severely Errored Second (SESCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals containing one or more 44 M-frames with the three FEBE bits not all collectively set to 1 or one or more far-end SEF/AIS defects.

SES-L

Severely Errored Seconds Line (SES-L) is a count of the seconds containing more than a particular quantity of anomalies (BPV + EXZ > 44) and/or defects on the line.

SES-P

Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a one-second period containing at least one defect. SES is a subset of ES.

SES-PFE

Far-End Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-PFE) is a one-second period containing at least one defect. SES is a subset of ES.

SES-PM

Path Monitoring Severely Errored Seconds (SES-PM) indicates the severely errored seconds recorded in the OTN path during the PM time interval.

SESP-P

Severely Errored Seconds Path (SESP-P) is a count of seconds containing more than 44 P-bit parity violations, one or more SEF defects, or one or more AIS defects.

SESR-P

Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (SESR-P) is the ratio of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

SESR-PM

Path Monitoring Severely Errored Seconds Ratio (SESR-PM) indicates the severely errored seconds ratio recorded in the OTN path during the PM time interval.

SES-SM

Section Monitoring Severely Errored Seconds (SES-SM) indicates the severely errored seconds recorded in the OTN section during the PM time interval.

Tx AISS-P

Transmit Path Alarm Indication Signal (AISS-P) means that an alarm indication signal occurred on the transmit end of the path. This parameter is a count of seconds containing one or more AIS defects.

Tx BBE-P

Transmit Path Background Block Error (BBE-P) is an errored block not occurring as part of an SES.

Tx ES-P

Transmit Path Errored Second (ES-P) is a one-second period with one or more errored blocks or at least one defect

Tx ESR-P

Transmit Path Errored Second Ratio (ESR-P) is the ratio of errored seconds to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

Tx SES-P

Transmit Path Severely Errored Seconds (SES-P) is a one-second period containing 30 percent or more errored blocks or at least one defect; SES is a subset of ES.

Tx SESR-P

Transmit Path Severely Errored Second Ratio (SESR-P) is the ratio of SES to total seconds in available time during a fixed measurement interval.

Tx UAS-P

Transmit Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the E-1 path is unavailable on the transmit end of the signal. The E-1 path is unavailable when ten consecutive SESs occur. The ten SESs are included in unavailable time. After the E-1 path becomes unavailable, it becomes available when ten consecutive seconds occur with no SESs. The ten seconds with no SESs are excluded from unavailable time.

Tx BBER-P

Transmit Path Background Block Error Ratio (BBER-P) is the ratio of BBE to total blocks in available time during a fixed measurement interval. The count of total blocks excludes all blocks during SESs.

Tx EB-P

Transmit Path Errored Block (EB-P) indicates that one or more bits are in error within a block.

UAS

Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS) is a count of the seconds when the VC path was unavailable. A high-order path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as HP-SESs, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as HP-SESs.

UASCP-P

Unavailable Second Path (UASCP-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS-3 path is unavailable. A DS-3 path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive SESCP-Ps occur. The ten SESCP-Ps are included in unavailable time. After the DS-3 path becomes unavailable, it becomes available when ten consecutive seconds with no SESCP-Ps occur. The ten seconds with no SESCP-Ps are excluded from unavailable time.

UASCP-PFE

Unavailable Second (UASCP-PFE) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS-3 path becomes unavailable. A DS-3 path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive far-end CP-bit SESs occur. The ten CP-bit SESs are included in unavailable time. After the DS-3 path becomes unavailable, it becomes available when ten consecutive seconds occur with no CP-bit SESs. The ten seconds with no CP-bit SESs are excluded from unavailable time.

UAS-P

Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-P) is a count of the seconds when the path was unavailable. A path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as P-SESs, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as P-SESs.

UAS-PFE

Far-End Path Unavailable Seconds (UAS-PFE) is a count of the seconds when the path was unavailable. A path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive seconds occur that qualify as P-SESs, and it continues to be unavailable until ten consecutive seconds occur that do not qualify as P-SESs.

UAS-PM

Path Monitoring Unavailable Seconds (UAS-PM) indicates the unavailable seconds recorded in the OTN path during the PM time interval.

UASP-P

Unavailable Second Path (UASP-P) is a count of one-second intervals when the DS-3 path is unavailable. A DS3 path becomes unavailable when ten consecutive SESP-Ps occur. The ten SESP-Ps are included in unavailable time. After the DS-3 path becomes unavailable, it becomes available when ten consecutive seconds with no SESP-Ps occur. The ten seconds with no SESP-Ps are excluded from unavailable time.

UAS-SM

Section Monitoring Unavailable Seconds (UAS-SM) indicates the unavailable seconds recorded in the OTN section during the PM time interval.

UNC-WORDS

The number of uncorrectable words detected in the DWDM trunk line during the PM time interval.

VPC

A count of received packets that contain non-errored data code groups that have start and end delimiters.

14-fiber MS-SPRing is not supported on the STM-4 and STM4 SH 1310-4 cards; therefore, the MS-PSC-S and MS-PSC-R PM parameters do not increment.

4.5 Performance Monitoring for Electrical Cards

The following sections define performance monitoring parameters for the E1-N-14, E1-42, E3-12, and DS3i-N-12 electrical cards.

4.5.1 E1-N-14 Card and E1-42 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 4-1 shows the signal types that support near-end and far-end PM parameters for the E1-N-14 card and the E1-42 card.

2Transmit and Receive CEPT and CRC4 Framing Path PM Parameters for the Near-End and Far-End E1-N-14 cards and E1-42 cards.

3Under the Provisioning > Threshold tab, the E1-N-14 card and the E1-42 card have user-defined thresholds for the E-1 Rx path PM parameters. In the Threshold tab, they are displayed as EB, BBE, ES, SES, and UAS without the Rx prefix.

4Transmit and Receive CEPT and CRC4 Framing Path PM Parameters for the Far-End and Far-End E1-N-14 cards and E1-42 cards.

4.5.2 E3-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 4-3 shows the signal types that support near-end and far-end PM parameters for the E3-12 card. Figure 4-4 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring parameters for the E3-12 card.

Figure 4-3 Monitored Signal Types for the E3-12 Card

Figure 4-4 PM Read Points on the E3-12 Card

The PM parameters for the E3-12 card are listed in Table 4-4. The listed parameters are defined in Table 4-2.

Table 4-4 PM Parameters for the E3-12 Card

Line (NE)

Path (NE)

VC3 Low-End Path (NE/FE)

VC4 HP Path (NE/FE)

CV-LES-LSES-LLOSS-L

ES-PESR-PSES-PSESR-PUAS-P

LP-BBELP-BBERLP-EBLP-ESLP-ESRLP-SESLP-SESRLP-UAS

HP-BBEHP-BBERHP-EBHP-ESHP-ESRHP-SESHP-SESRHP-UAS

4.5.3 DS3i-N-12 Card Performance Monitoring Parameters

Figure 4-5 shows the signal types that support near-end and far-end PM parameters for the DS3i-N-12 card. Figure 4-6 shows where overhead bytes detected on the ASICs produce performance monitoring parameters for the DS3i-N-12 card.

Figure 4-5 Monitored Signal Types for the DS3i-N-12 Card

Figure 4-6 PM Read Points on the DS3i-N-12 Card

The PM parameters for the DS3i-N-12 card are listed in Table 4-5. The listed parameters are defined in Table 4-2.

4.6.1.1 E-Series Ethernet Statistics Window

The Ethernet statistics window lists Ethernet parameters at the line level. The Statistics window provides buttons to change the statistical values shown. The Baseline button resets the displayed statistics values to zero. The Refreshbutton manually refreshes statistics. Auto-Refreshsets a time interval at which automatic refresh occurs.

Number of packets received that are greater than 1518 bytes in length for untagged interfaces and 1522 bytes for tagged interfaces.

Tx Collisions

Number of transmit packets that are collisions; the port and the attached device transmitting at the same time caused collisions.

Tx Late Collisions

Number of frames that were not transmitted since they encountered a collision outside of the normal collision window. Normally, late collision events should occur only rarely, if at all.

Tx Excessive Collisions

Number of consecutive collisions.

Tx Deferred

Number of packets deferred.

4.6.1.2 E-Series Ethernet Utilization Window

The Utilization window shows the percentage of transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) line bandwidth used by the Ethernet ports during consecutive time segments. The Mode field displays the real-time mode status, such as "100 Full," which is the mode setting configured on the E-Series port. However, if the E-Series port is set to autonegotiate the mode (Auto), this field shows the result of the link negotiation between the E-Series and the peer Ethernet device attached directly to the E-Series port.

The Utilization window provides an Interval menu that enables you to set time intervals of 1 minute, 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 1 day. Line utilization is calculated with the following formulas:

Rx = (inOctets + inPkts * 20) * 8 / 100% interval * maxBaseRate

Tx = (outOctets + outPkts * 20) * 8 / 100% interval * maxBaseRate

The interval is defined in seconds. The maxBaseRate is defined by raw bits per second in one direction for the Ethernet port (that is, 1 Gbps). STS circuit maxBaseRates are shown in Table 4-7.

Table 4-7 MaxBaseRate for STS Circuits

STS

maxBaseRate

STS-1

51840000

STS-3c

155000000

STS-6c

311000000

STS-12c

622000000

Note Line utilization numbers express the average of ingress and egress traffic as a percentage of capacity.

Note The E-Series Ethernet card is a Layer 2 device or switch and supports Trunk Utilization statistics. The Trunk Utilization statistics are similar to the Line Utilization statistics, but shows the percentage of circuit bandwidth used rather than the percentage of line bandwidth used. The Trunk Utilization statistics are accessed via the card view Maintenance tab.

4.6.1.3 E-Series Ethernet History Window

The Ethernet History window lists past Ethernet statistics for the previous time intervals. Depending on the selected time interval, the History window displays the statistics for each port for the number of previous time intervals as shown in Table 4-8. The listed parameters are defined in Table 4-6.

4.6.2.1 G-Series Ethernet Statistics Window

The Ethernet statistics window lists Ethernet parameters at the line level. The Statistics window provides buttons to change the statistical values shown. The Baseline button resets the displayed statistics values to zero. The Refreshbutton manually refreshes statistics. Auto-Refreshsets a time interval at which automatic refresh occurs. The G-Series Statistics window also has a Clear button. The Clearbutton sets the values on the card to zero, but does not reset the G-Series card.

Note Do not use the High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) errors counter to count the number of frames dropped because of HDLC errors, because each frame can fragment into several smaller frames during HDLC error conditions and spurious HDLC frames can also be generated. If HDLC error counters are incrementing when no SDH path problems should be present, it might indicate a problem with the quality of the SDH path. For example, a SDH protection switch generates a set of HLDC errors. But the actual values of these counters are less significant than the fact they are changing.

4.6.2.2 G-Series Ethernet Utilization Window

The Utilization window shows the percentage of transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) line bandwidth used by the Ethernet ports during consecutive time segments. The Mode field displays the real-time mode status, such as "100 Full," which is the mode setting configured on the G-Series port. However, if the G-Series port is set to autonegotiate the mode (Auto), this field shows the result of the link negotiation between the G-Series and the peer Ethernet device attached directly to the G-Series port.

The Utilization window provides an Interval menu that enables you to set time intervals of 1 minute, 15 \minutes, 1 hour, and 1 day. Line utilization is calculated with the following formulas:

Rx = (inOctets + inPkts * 20) * 8 / 100% interval * maxBaseRate

Tx = (outOctets + outPkts * 20) * 8 / 100% interval * maxBaseRate

The interval is defined in seconds. The maxBaseRate is defined by raw bits per second in one direction for the Ethernet port (that is, 1 Gbps). The maxBaseRate for G-series STS is shown in Table 4-10.

Table 4-10 MaxBaseRate for STS Circuits

STS

maxBaseRate

STS-1

51840000

STS-3c

155000000

STS-6c

311000000

STS-12c

622000000

Note Line utilization numbers express the average of ingress and egress traffic as a percentage of capacity.

Note Unlike the E-Series, the G Series card does not have a display of Trunk Utilization statistics, because the G-Series card is not a Layer 2 device.

4.6.2.3 G-Series Ethernet History Window

The Ethernet History window lists past Ethernet statistics for the previous time intervals. Depending on the selected time interval, the History window displays the statistics for each port for the number of previous time intervals as shown in Table 4-11. The listed parameters are defined in Table 4-9.

4.6.3.1 ML-Series Ether Ports Window

The Ether Ports window lists Ethernet PM parameter values for each Ethernet port on the card. Auto-Refreshsets a time interval at which automatic refresh will occur. The PM values are a snapshot captured at the time intervals selected in the Auto-Refresh field. Historical PM values are not stored or displayed.

Number of packets received that are greater than 1530 bytes in length.

Rx Total Errors

Total number of receive errors.

Rx FCS Errors

Number of packets with a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) error.

Rx Runts

Total number of frames received that are less than 64 bytes in length and have a CRC error.

Rx Jabbers

Total number of frames received that exceed the maximum 1548 bytes and contain CRC errors.

Rx Align Errors

Number of received packets with alignment errors.

Tx Bytes

Number of bytes transmitted since the last counter reset.

Tx Packets

Number of packets transmitted since the last counter reset.

Tx Unicast Packets

Number of unicast packets transmitted.

Tx Multicast Packets

Number of multicast packets transmitted.

Tx Broadcast Packets

Number or broadcast packets transmitted.

Tx Giants

Number of packets transmitted that are greater than 1548 bytes in length.

Tx Collisions

Number of transmitted packets that collided.

Port Drop Counts

Number of received frames dropped at the port level.

Rx Pause Frames

Number of received pause frames.

Rx Threshold Oversizes

Number of received packets larger than the ML-Series remote monitoring (RMON) threshold.

Rx GMAC Drop Counts

Number of received frames dropped by MAC module.

Tx Pause Frames

Number of transmitted pause frames.

4.6.3.2 ML-Series POS Ports Window

The Packet Over SDH (POS) Ports window lists PM parameter values for each POS port on the card. The parameters displayed depend on the framing mode employed by the ML-Series card. The two framing modes for the POS port on the ML-Series card are HDLC and Frame-mapped Generic Framing Procedure (GFP-F). For more information on provisioning a framing mode, refer to the Cisco ONS 15454 SDH Procedure Guide.

Auto-Refreshsets a time interval at which automatic refresh will occur. The PM values are a snapshot captured at the time intervals selected in the Auto-Refresh field. Historical PM values are not stored or displayed.

On all STM-N optical cards errors are calculated in bits instead of blocks for B1 and B3. This means there could possibly be a slight difference between what is inserted and what is reported on CTC. In STM4 for example, there are approximately 15,000 to 30,000 bits per block (per ITU-T-G.826). If there were two bit errors within that block, the standard would require reporting one block error whereas the STM-N cards would have reported two bit errors.

When a tester inputs only single errors during testing, this issue would not appear because a tester is not fast enough to induce two errors within a single block. However, if the test is performed with an error rate, certain error rates could cause two or more errors in a block. For example, the STM4 is roughly 622 Mbps and the block in the STM4 has 15,000 bits, there would be about 41,467 blocks in a second. If the tester inputs a 10e-4 error rate, that would create 62,200 errors per second. If the errors are distributed uniformly, then CTC could potentially report two bit errors within a single block. On the other hand, if the error ratio is 10e-5, then there will be 6,220 errors per second. If the errors are not distributed uniformly, then CTC might report one bit error within a single block. In summary, if the errors are distributed equally, then a discrepancy might be seen with the standard when a tester inputs 10e-4 or 10e-3 error rates.

1Enterprise System Connection (ESCON), DV6000, SDI/D1 video, and high definition television (HDTV) client signals are unframed payload data types. If the configured payload data type is unframed, line threshold provisioning and performance monitoring are not available.

4.9.1.1 FC_MR-4 Statistics Window

The Statistics window lists parameters at the line level. The Statistics window provides buttons to change the statistical values shown. The Baseline button resets the displayed statistics values to zero. The Refreshbutton manually refreshes statistics. Auto-Refreshsets a time interval at which automatic refresh occurs. The Statistics window also has a Clear button. The Clearbutton sets the values on the card to zero. All counters on the card are cleared.

A count of GFP invalid user payload identifier (UPI) field in the type field.

GFP Rx Superblk CRC Errors

A count of superblock CRC errors in the transparent GFP frame.

4.9.1.2 FC_MR-4 Utilization Window

The Utilization window shows the percentage of transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) line bandwidth used by the ports during consecutive time segments. The Utilization window provides an Interval menu that enables you to set time intervals of 1 minute, 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 1 day. Line utilization is calculated with the following formulas:

Rx = (inOctets + inPkts * 24) * 8 / 100% interval * maxBaseRate

Tx = (outOctets + outPkts * 24) * 8 / 100% interval * maxBaseRate

The interval is defined in seconds. The maxBaseRate is defined by raw bits per second in one direction for the port (that is, 1 Gbps or 2 Gbps). The maxBaseRate for FC_MR-4 cards is shown in Table 4-24.

1For 1 G of bit rate being transported, there is only 850 Mbps of actual data because of 8b->10b conversion. Similarly, for 2 G of bit rate being transported there is only 850 Mbps x 2 of actual data.

Note Line utilization numbers express the average of ingress and egress traffic as a percentage of capacity.

4.9.1.3 FC_MR-4 History Window

The History window lists past FC_MR-4 statistics for the previous time intervals. Depending on the selected time interval, the History window displays the statistics for each port for the number of previous time intervals as shown in Table 4-25. The listed parameters are defined in Table 4-23.