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Robots.txt is a text (not html) file you put on your site to tell search robots which pages you would like them not to visit. Robots.txt is by no means mandatory for search engines but generally search engines obey what they are asked not to do. It is important to clarify that robots.txt is not a way from preventing search engines from crawling your site (i.e. it is not a firewall, or a kind of password protection) and the fact that you put a robots.txt file is something like putting a note “Please, do not enter” on an unlocked door – e.g. you cannot prevent thieves from coming in but the good guys will not open to door and enter. That is why we say that if you have really sen sitive data, it is too na´ve to rely on robots.txt to protect it from being indexed and displayed in search results.

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We should use robot.txt if we want to restrict crawlers to crawl any private pages. You can do it using notepad file and upload it in your server. robots.txt tells google, yahoo, bing crawlers what not to crawl on your pages.

An example of how we use it is the following.

We have a test directory on our server where we upload sites to be tested before we go public. Obviously, we do not want the crawlers to take note of this directory since it is a directory for testing only. Below is the robots.txt file contents.

To have Robots.txt for your websites is one oh the important factor fro SEO perspective.
It is a text file which tell serach engine about which pages of your website should be crawled and which should not...
It is simple text file which is uploaded on server.

Robots.txt is stop the search engines crawling your web site or web page. You can show your site online but without crawling and it is use when you are working on your site or page without showing anyone.