Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) exhibited anti-/pro-opioid effects when centrally injected. It was proved to bind to its own receptors, namely NPFF(1) and NPFF(2) receptors, but did not bind to opioid receptors. In our previous study, we found that i.c.v. injected NPFF suppressed morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats, which indicated that NPFF may play a role in the modulation of morphine-induced reward. In the present study, we further investigated the action site of NPFF to… CONTINUE READING