Stock
Market Knowledge Network is for Your Benefit

We consistently 'donate' and then realize we
may need more knowledge or information.

4.

We accumulate more information.

5.

We switch the commodities we are currently following.

6.

We go back into the market and trade with our 'updated'
knowledge.

7.

We get 'beat up' again and begin to lose some of
our confidence. Fear starts setting in.

8.

We start to listen to 'outside news'
& other traders.

9.

We go back into the market and continue
to donate.

10.

We switch commodities again.

11.

We search for more trading information.

12.

We go back into the market and continue
to donate.

13.

We get 'overconfident' & market
humbles us.

14.

We start to understand that trading
success fully is going to take more time and more
knowledge then we anticipated.

Many Traders Give up at this Point as Realization
sets in that Work is Involved to become Successful

15.

We get serious and start concentrating
on learning a 'real' methodology.

16.

We trade our methodology with some
success, but realize that something is missing.

17.

We begin to understand the need for
having rules to apply our methodology.

18.

We take a sabbatical from trading
to develop and research our trading rules.

19.

We start trading again, this time
with rules and find some success, but overall we
still hesitate when it comes time to execute. We
start trading again, this time with rules and find
some success, but overall we still hesitate when
it comes time to execute.

20.

We add, subtract and modify rules
as we see a need to be more proficient with our
rules.

21.

We go back into the market and continue
to donate. We go back into the market and continue
to donate.

22.

We start to take responsibility for
our trading results as we understand that our success
is in us, not the trade methodology.

23.

We continue to trade and become more
proficient with our methodology and our rules.

24.

As we trade we still have a tendency
to violate our rules and our results are erratic.

25.

We know we are close.

26.

We go back and research our rules.

27.

We build the confidence in our rules
and go back into the market and trade.

28.

Our trading results are getting better,
but we are still hesitating in executing our rules.

29.

We now see the importance of following
our rules as we see the results of our trades when
we don't follow them.

30.

We begin to see that our lack of
success is within us (a lack of discipline in following
the rules because of some kind of fear) and we begin
to work on knowing ourselves better.

31.

We continue to trade and the market
teaches us more and more about ourselves.

32.

We master our methodology and trading
rules.

33.

We begin to consistently make money.
We begin to consistently make money.

34.

We get a little overconfident and
the market humbles us.

35.

We continue to learn our lessons.

36.

We stop thinking and allow our rules
to trade for us (trading becomes boring, but successful)
and our trading account continues to grow as we
increase our contract size.

37.

We are making more money then we
ever dreamed to be possible.

38.

We go on with our lives and accomplish
many of the goals we had always dreamed of.

MUTUAL FUND INVESTING INFORMATION

Mutual funds are NOT guaranteed or insured by any
bank or government agency. Even if you buy through
a bank and the fund carries the bank's name, there
is no guarantee. You can lose money.

Understand that a higher rate of return typically
involves a higher risk of loss.

Past performance is not a reliable indicator of future
performance. Beware of dazzling performance claims.

ALL mutual funds have costs that lower your investment
returns.

You can buy some mutual funds by contacting them
directly. Others are sold mainly through brokers,
banks, financial planners, or insurance agents. If
you buy through these financial professionals, you
generally will pay an extra sales charge for the benefit
of their advice.

Shop around. Compare a mutual fund with others of
the same type before you buy.

WHY MUTUAL FUNDS?

Mutual funds can be a good way for people to invest
in stocks, bonds, and other securities. Why? Mutual
funds are managed by professional money managers.

Because your mutual fund buys and sells large amounts
of securities at a time, its costs are often lower
than what you would pay on your own.

This document explains the basics of mutual fund
investing -- how
a mutual fund works, what factors to consider before
investing,
and how to avoid common pitfalls.

There are sources of information that you should
consult before you decide to invest in mutual funds. The most important of
these is the
prospectus of any fund you are considering. The prospectus
is
the fund's selling document and contains information
about costs,
risks, past performance, and the fund's investment
goals.
Request a prospectus from a fund, or from a financial
professional if you are using one. Read the prospectus
carefully before
you invest.

Before you buy a mutual fund, make sure it is right
for you.

HOW MUTUAL FUNDS WORK

A mutual fund is a company that brings together money
from many
people and invests it in stocks, bonds, or other securities.
(The combined holdings of stocks, bonds, or other
securities and
assets the fund owns are known as its portfolio.)
Each investor
owns shares, which represent a part of these holdings.

HOW TO BUY AND SELL SHARES

You can buy some mutual funds by contacting them
directly.
Others are sold mainly through brokers, banks, financial
planners, or insurance agents. All mutual funds will
redeem (buy
back) your shares on any business day and must send
you the
payment within seven days.

You can find out the value of your shares in the
financial pages
of major newspapers; after the fund's name, look for
the column
marked "NAV."
TERMS TO KNOW

Net Asset Value per share (NAV): NAV is the value
of one share in a fund.

When you buy shares, you pay the current NAV per
share, plus any
sales charge (also called a sales load). When you
sell your
shares, the fund will pay you NAV less any other sales
load
(See Part V "Comparing Different Funds").
A fund's NAV goes up or
down daily as its holdings change in value.

Example: You invest $1,000 in a mutual fund with
an NAV of
$10.00. You will therefore own 100 shares of the fund.
If the
NAV drops to $9.00 (because the value of the fund's
portfolio has
dropped), you will still own 100 shares, but your
investment is
now worth $900. If the NAV goes up to $11.00, your
investment is
worth $1,100. (This example assumes no sales charge.)

HOW FUNDS CAN EARN YOU MONEY

You can earn money from your investment in three
ways.

First, a fund may receive income in the form of dividends
and
interest on the securities it owns. A fund will pay
its
shareholders nearly all of the income it has earned
in the form
of dividends.

Second, the price of the securities a fund owns may
increase.
When a fund sells a security that has increased in
price, the
fund has a capital gain. At the end of the year, most
funds
distribute these capital gains (minus any capital
losses) to
investors.

Third, if a fund does not sell but holds on to securities
that
have increased in price, the value of its shares (NAV)
increases.
The higher NAV reflects the higher value of your investment.
If
you sell your shares, you make a profit (this also
is a capital gain).

Usually funds will give you a choice: the fund can
send you
payment for distributions and dividends, or you can
have them
reinvested in the fund to buy more shares, often without
paying
an additional sales load.

TAXES

You will owe taxes on any distributions and dividends
in the year
you receive them (or reinvest them). You will also
owe taxes on
any capital gains you receive when you sell your shares.
Keep
your account statements in order to figure out your
taxes at the
end of the year.

If you invest in a tax-exempt fund (such as a municipal
bond
fund), some or all of your dividends will be exempt
from federal
(and sometimes state and local) income tax. You will,
however,
owe taxes on any capital gains.

KINDS OF MUTUAL FUNDS

You take risks when you invest in any mutual fund.
You may lose
some or all of the money you invest (your principal),
because the
securities held by a fund go up and down in value.
What you earn
on your investment also may go up or down.

Each kind of mutual fund has different risks and
rewards.
Generally, the higher the potential return, the higher
the risk of loss.

Before you invest, decide whether the goals and risks
of any fund
you are considering are a good fit for you. To make
this
decision, you may need the help of a financial adviser.
There
are also investment books and services to guide you.

The three main categories of mutual funds are money
market funds,
bond funds, and stock funds. There are a variety of
types within
each category.

1. MONEY MARKET FUNDS have relatively low risks,
compared to
other mutual funds. They are limited by law to certain
high-quality, short-term investments. Money market funds
try to keep
their value (NAV) at a stable $1.00 per share, but
NAV may fall
below $1.00 if their investments perform poorly. Investor
losses
have been rare, but they are possible.

A WORD ABOUT BANKS AND MUTUAL FUNDS

Banks now sell mutual funds, some of which carry
the bank's name. But mutual funds sold in banks, including
money market funds, are not bank deposits. Don't confuse
a "money market fund" with a "money
market deposit account." The names are similar,
but they are completely different: A money market
fund is a type of mutual fund. It is not guaranteed,
and comes with a prospectus. A money market deposit
account is a bank deposit. It is guaranteed, and comes
with a Truth in Savings form.

1. BOND FUNDS (also called FIXED INCOME FUNDS) have
higher risks
than money market funds, but seek to pay higher yields.
Unlike
money market funds, bond funds are not restricted
to high-quality
or short-term investments. Because there are many
different
types of bonds, bond funds can vary dramatically in
their risks
and rewards.

Most bond funds have credit risk, which is the risk
that
companies or other issuers whose bonds are owned by
the fund may
fail to pay their debts (including the debt owed to
holders of
their bonds). Some funds have little credit risk,
such as those
that invest in insured bonds or U.S. Treasury bonds.
But be
careful: nearly all bond funds have interest rate
risk, which
means that the market value of the bonds they hold
will go down
when interest rates go up. Because of this, you can
lose money
in any bond fund, including those that invest only
in insured
bonds or Treasury bonds.

Long-term bond funds invest in bonds with longer
maturities
(length of time until the final payout). The values
(Nave) of
long-term bond funds can go up or down more rapidly
than those of
shorter-term bond funds.

2. STOCK FUNDS (also called EQUITY FUNDS) generally
involve more
risk than money market or bond funds, but they also
can offer the
highest returns. A stock fund's value (NAV) can rise
and fall
quickly over the short term, but historically stocks
have
performed better over the long term than other types
of
investments.

Not all stock funds are the same. For example, growth
funds
focus on stocks that may not pay a regular dividend
but have the
potential for large capital gains. Others specialize
in a
particular industry segment such as technology stocks.

A WORD ABOUT DERIVATIVES

Some funds may face special risks if they invest
in derivatives.
Derivatives are financial instruments whose performance
is
derived, at least in part, from the performance of
an underlying
asset, security or index. Their value can be affected
dramatically by even small market movements, sometimes
in
unpredictable ways.

There are many types of derivatives with many different
uses.
They do not necessarily increase risk, and may in
fact reduce
risk. A fund's prospectus will disclose how it may
use
derivatives. You may also want to call a fund and
ask how it uses these instruments.

COMPARING DIFFERENT FUNDS

Once you identify the types of funds that interest
you, it is
time to look at particular funds in those categories.

VIEWING PAST PERFORMANCE

A fund's past performance is not as important as
you might think.
Advertisements, rankings, and ratings tell you how
well a fund
has performed in the past. But studies show that the
future is
often different. This year's "number one"
fund can easily become
next year's below average fund. (NOTE: Although past
performance
is not a reliable indicator of future performance,
volatility of
past returns is a good indicator of a fund's future volatility.)

TIPS FOR COMPARING PERFORMANCE

Check the fund's total return. You will find it
in the Financial Highlights, near the front of the
prospectus. Total return measures increases and decreases
in the value of your investment over time, after subtracting costs.

See how total return has varied over the years.
The Financial Highlights in the prospectus show yearly
total return for the most recent 10-year period. An
impressive 10-year total return may be based on one
spectacular year followed by many average years. Looking
at year-to-year changes in total return is a good
way to see how stable the fund's returns have been.

COMPARING COSTS

Costs are important because they lower your returns.
A fund that
has a sales load and high expenses will have to perform
better
than a low-cost fund, just to stay even with the low-cost fund.

Find the fee table near the front of the fund's prospectus,
where
the fund's costs are laid out. You can use the fee
table to
compare the costs of different funds.

The fee table breaks costs into two main categories:

1. sales loads and transaction fees (paid when you
buy, sell,
or exchange your shares), and

2. ongoing expenses (paid while you remain invested
in the
fund).

Sales Loads

The first part of the fee table will tell you if
the fund charges any sales loads.

No-load funds do not charge sales loads. When you
buy no-load
funds, you make your own choices, without the assistance
of a
financial professional. There are no-load funds in
every major
fund category. Even no-load funds have ongoing expenses,
however, such as management fees.

When a mutual fund charges a sales load, it usually
pays for
commissions to people who sell the fund's shares to
you, as well
as other marketing costs.
Sales loads buy you a broker's
services and advice; they do not assure superior performance.
In
fact, funds that charge sales loads have not performed
better on
average (ignoring the loads) than those that do not
charge sales loads.

TERMS TO KNOW

Front-end load: A front-end load is a sales charge
you pay when
you buy shares. This type of load, which by law cannot
be higher
than 8.5% of your investment, reduces the amount of
your investment in the fund.

Example: If you have $1,000 to invest in a mutual
fund with a 5%
front-end load, $50 will go to pay the sales charge,
and $950
will be invested in the fund.

Back-end load: A back-end load (also called a deferred
load) is a sales charge you pay when you sell your
shares. It usually starts out at 5% or 6% for the
first year and gets smaller each year after that until
it reaches zero (say, in year 6 or 7 of your investment).

Example: You invest $1,000 in a mutual fund with
a 6% back-end load that decreases to zero in the seventh
year. Let's assume for the purpose of this example
that the value of your investment remains at $1,000
for 7-years. If you sell your shares during the first
year, you only will get back $940 (ignoring any gains
or losses). $60 will go to pay the sales charge. If
you sell your shares during the seventh year, you
will get back $1,000.

Ongoing Expenses

The second part of the fee table tells you the kinds
of ongoing
expenses you will pay while you remain invested in
the fund. The
table shows expenses as a percentage of the fund's
assets,
generally for the most recent fiscal year. Here, the
table will
tell you the management fee (which pays for managing
the fund's portfolio), along with any other fees and expenses.

High expenses do not assure superior performance.
Higher expense
funds do not, on average, perform better than lower
expense
funds. But there may be circumstances in which you
decide it is
appropriate for you to pay higher expenses. For example,
you can
expect to pay higher expenses for certain types of
funds that
require extra work by its managers, such as international
stock
funds, which require sophisticated research. You may
also pay
higher expenses for funds that provide special services,
like
toll-free telephone numbers, check-writing and automatic investment programs.

A difference in expenses that may look small to you
can make a
big difference in the value of your investment over
time.

Example: Say you invest $1,000 in a fund. Let's assume
for the
purpose of this example that you receive a flat rate
of return of
5% before expenses. If the fund has expenses of 1.5%,
after 20
years you would end up with roughly $1,990. If the
fund has
expenses of 0.5%, you would end up with more than
$2,410. This
is a 22% difference.

TERMS TO KNOW

Rule 12b-1 fee: One type of ongoing fee that is taken
out of
fund assets has come to be known as a rule 12b-1 fee.
It most
often is used to pay commissions to brokers and other
salespersons, and occasionally to pay for advertising
and other
costs of promoting the fund to investors. It usually
is between
0.25% and 1.00% of assets annually.

Funds with back-end loads usually have higher rule
12b-1 fees. If you are considering whether to pay a front-end
load or a back-
end load, think about how long you plan to stay in
a fund. If
you plan to stay in for six years or more, a front-end
load may
cost less than a back-end load. Even if your back-end
load has
fallen to zero, over time you could pay more in rule
12b-1 fees
than if you paid a front-end load.

TIPS FOR COMPARING COSTS

Beware of a salesperson who tells you, "This
is just like a no-load fund." Even if there is
no front-end load, check the fee table in the prospectus
to see what other loads or fees you may have to pay.

Check the fee table to see if any part of a fund's
fees or expenses has been waived. If so, the fees
and expenses may increase suddenly when the waiver
ends (the part of the prospectus after the fee table
will tell you by how much). Many funds allow you to
exchange your shares for shares of another fund managed
by the same adviser. The first part of the fee table
will tell you if there is any exchange fee.

Shop wisely. Compare fees and expenses before you
invest.

OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Read the sections of the prospectus that discuss
the risks, investment goals, and investment policies of any fund
that you are considering. Funds of the same type can have significantly
different risks, objectives and policies.

All mutual funds must prepare a Statement of Additional
Information (SAI, also called Part B of the prospectus).
It explains a fund's operations in greater detail than the prospectus.

You can get a clearer picture of a fund's investment
goals and policies by reading its annual and semi-annual reports
to shareholders. If you ask, the fund will send you these

You can also research funds at most libraries. Helpful
resources include fund investment books, investor magazines
and newspapers. Is a good resource for learning trading techniques. Apply to different time frame and different futures markets.
The fund companies themselves can also provide information.

IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS OR QUESTIONS

If you encounter a problem or have a question concerning
a mutual fund that you believe can be addressed by the SEC,
contact an SEC consumer specialist at one of the offices listed on the next page.

Remember there are no guarantees in mutual fund investing.
Inform yourself and exercise your judgment carefully before you invest.

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