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The following screen capture shows the case for keyboard options on a Mac OS X system with two different Japanese IMEs installed. One (called Kotoeri) is the standard built-in Japanese IME that ships with OS X (the options with gray/back icons shown in the menu). The other is Google Japanese IME (the options with blue icons shown in the menu).

Proposed APIs

Gecko

Use case: to have a vkb similar to <input type='number'> without the UI and other stuff that come with <input type='number'>. That could be used for other stuff than numbers for example.

'digit': 0-9 only;

Use case: to write digits without being numbers like social security number or credit card number.

'uppercase': A-Z only;

Use case: obvious, could even be used on desktop.

'lowercase': a-z only;

Use case: obvious, could even be used on desktop.

'titlecase': uppercase character for each new word;

Use case: obvious, could even be used on desktop.

'autocapitalized': first letter is uppercased;

Use case: obvious, could even be used on desktop. Also, that would be a parity feature for iOS autocapitalized attribute.

Except 'number' it's not obvious that we should have input modes similar to input types (like email, tel, url). Actually, we could even discuss the use case of 'number'.
This is intended to be a small set of quite obvious input modes. Some other might be useful.

Ian Hickson

These are arranged in a tree shape. A user agent only has to support one input method, the default input method, which is the root of the tree. It may support any of the others listed; if one is requested by an author, then the user agent should use it, or the nearest ancestor in the tree that it supports (i.e. fallback up the tree).