Lists of countries and territories

This is a list of many lists of countries and territories by various definitions, including FIFA countries, federations, and fictional countries. A country or territory is a geographical area, either in the sense of nation (a cultural entity) or state (a political entity).[1]

^Due to legal concerns the OpenNet Initiative does not check for filtering of child pornography and because their classifications focus on technical filtering, they do not include other types of censorship.

^"Internet Enemies", Enemies of the Internet 2014: Entities at the heart of censorship and surveillance, Reporters Without Borders (Paris), 11 March 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2014.

Country
–
A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography. Sometimes the word countries is used to both to sovereign states and to other political entities, while other times it refers only to states. The word country comes from Old French contrée, itself derived from Vulgar Latin contrata and it most likely ente

Sovereign state
–
A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralized government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and it is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither

1.
Member states of the United Nations, all of which are sovereign states, though not all sovereign states are necessarily members

Demographics
–
Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. As a very general science, it can analyse any kind of dynamic living population, Demography encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of these populations, and spatial or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, ageing, and death. Base

Life
–
Various forms of life exist, such as plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. The criteria can at times be ambiguous and may or may not define viruses, viroids, biology is the primary science concerned with the study of life, although many other sciences are involved. The definition of life is controversial, the current definition i

Health
–
Health is the level of functional and metabolic efficiency of a living organism. In humans it is the ability of individuals or communities to adapt, other definitions have been proposed, among which a recent definition that correlates health and personal satisfaction. The definition of health has evolved over time, although this definition was welc

2.
Postage stamp, New Zealand, 1933. Public health has been promoted – and depicted – in a wide variety of ways.

3.
A lady washing her hands c. 1655

List of countries by birth rate
–
This article includes three versions of the list of countries by crude birth rate. Crude birth rate refers to the number of births over a given period divided by the person-years lived by the population over that period and it is expressed as number of births per 1,000 population. The first list is based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation

1.
Countries by birth rate, 2014.

List of countries by death rate
–
This article includes two versions of the list of countries by crude mortality rate. Crude mortality rate refers to the number of deaths over a given period divided by the person-years lived by the population over that period and it is usually expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year. The first list is based on the Organization f

List of countries by homicide rate
–
List of countries by intentional homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants. The reliability of underlying national murder rate data may vary, the legal definition of intentional homicide differs among countries. Intentional homicide may or may not include infanticide, assisted suicide or euthanasia and they may also be under-reported for polit

List of countries by infant mortality rate
–
Figures are from the United Nations World Population Prospects report, by five years averages, and the CIA World Factbook. The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births and this rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. The infant mortality rate of the world is 49

1.
Infant mortality (under 1 year) rates, 2013

List of countries by life expectancy
–
This is a collection of lists of countries by average life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy equals the number of years a person born in a given country is expected to live if mortality rates at each age were to remain steady in the future. The life expectancy is shown separately for males and females, as well as a combined figure, several non-s

1.
Comparison of male and female life expectancy at birth for countries and territories as defined in the 2013 CIA Factbook, with selected bubbles labelled. The dotted line corresponds to equal female and male life expectancy. The apparent 3D volumes of the bubbles are linearly proportional to their population.

List of countries by suicide rate
–
The WHO statistics are based on the official reports from each respective country, and therefore, no more accurate than the record-keeping in the specific country. Incidence of suicide tends to be under-reported due to cultural and social pressures, and possibly completely unreported in some areas. Since the data might be skewed, comparing suicide

List of countries by Human Development Index
–
This is a list of all the countries by the Human Development Index as included in a United Nations Development Programmes Human Development Report. The latest report was released on 21 March 2017 and compiled on the basis of estimates for 2015, in the 2010 Human Development Report a further Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index was introduced

1.
0.900 and over

List of countries by literacy rate
–
This is a list of countries by literacy rate. The figures represented are almost entirely collected by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics on behalf of UNESCO with 2015 estimates based on people aged 15 or over who can read, where data is taken from a different source, notes are provided. The data is collated by mostly using surveys within the last

Life Expectancy Index
–
The Human Development Index is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the level is higher. The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Developme

1.
Mahbub ul Haq

2.
World map indicating the category of Human Development Index by country (based on 2013 data; published July 24, 2014).

3.
Amartya Sen

Religion
–
Religions have sacred histories and narratives, which may be preserved in sacred scriptures, and symbols and holy places, that aim mostly to give a meaning to life. Religions may contain symbolic stories, which are said by followers to be true, that have the side purpose of explaining the origin of life. Traditionally, faith, in addition to reason,

Christianity by country
–
As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents, out of about 7.2 billion people. The largest Christian denomination is the Catholic Church, with 1.09 billion adherents, the second largest Christian branch is either Protestantism, or the Eastern Orthodox Church. Christianity is the predominant religion in Europe,

1.
Christianity by country

List of countries by Muslim population
–
Adherents of Islam constitute the worlds second largest religious group. According to a 2010 study that was released in January 2011, Islam has 1.6 billion adherents, according to another study in 2015 Islam has 1.7 billion adherents. Most Muslims are either of two denominations, Sunni or Shia, Islam is the dominant religion in the Middle East, Nor

1.
World Muslim population by percentage (Pew Research Center, 2014).

Hinduism by country
–
Hinduism has over 1.09 billion adherents worldwide with about 95% living in India. Along with Christianity, Islam and Buddhism, Hinduism is one of the four major religions of the world by percentage of population, most Hindus are found in Asian countries. Hinduism is a religion and consists of many schools of thought. Estimates of Hinduism by count

Buddhism by country
–
Buddhism is a religion practiced by an estimated 488 million in the world,495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 9% to 10% of the worlds total population. China is the country with the largest population of Buddhists, approximately 244 million or 18. 2% of its total population and they are mostly followers of Chinese schoo

Jewish population by country
–
The worlds core Jewish population in early 2015 was estimated at 14.31 million people. Demographer Sergio DellaPergola proposed an extended Jewish population, including people identifying as partly Jewish and non-Jews with Jewish parents and his enlarged Jewish population figure further includes non-Jewish members of Jewish households and totals 20

1.
Jewish population by country (2013)

Sikhism by country
–
There are approximately 25-27 million Sikhs in the world. The figures on this list are based on each of the countrys respective censuses or are calculated by specific organisations. Some of these figures are rounded off, in case of conflicting estimates, both the lowest and highest estimates are included. These percentages were calculated by using

Ahmadiyya by country
–
As of 2016 the community has been established in 209 countries and territories of the world. With concentrations in South Asia, West Africa, East Africa, the community is a minority Muslim sect in almost every country of the world. On the other hand, it has spread to most countries of the world, in some countries, it is practically illegal to be an

Population
–
A population is the number of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding. In sociology, population refers to a collection of humans, Demography is a social science which entails the statistical study of human populations. This article refers mainly to human

1.
The years taken for every billion people to be added to the world's population, and the years that population was reached. (with future estimates). See also alt. chart

Poverty
–
Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. It is a concept, which includes social, economic. Absolute poverty or destitution refers to the lack of necessary to meet basic needs such as food, clothing. Absolute poverty is meant to be about the independent of location. After the indust

3.
An early morning outside the Opera Tavern in Stockholm, with a gang of beggars waiting for delivery of the scraps from the previous day. Sweden, 1868.

4.
A Somali boy receiving treatment for malnourishment at a health facility.

List of countries and dependencies by population
–
This is a list of countries and dependent territories by population. For instance, the United Kingdom is considered as a single entity while the constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands are considered separately, in addition, this list includes certain states with limited recognition not found in ISO 3166-1. The population figures do

1.
A map of world population in 2014

List of countries by population growth rate
–
This article includes three lists of countries and self-governing dependent territories by annual population growth rate. The first list is based on the estimates taken from the 2006 edition of the United Nations World Population Prospects report, figures are population growth rate estimates for the period 2005–2010 using the medium variant. The se

1.
The population growth rate estimates (by United Nations) for the period 2005–2010 using the medium variant.

List of countries by population in 1900

1.
Rank

List of countries by population in 1907

1.
Rank

List of countries by population in 2000
–
This is harmonized list of population estimates for the year 2000. For a listing with more recent estimates, see List of countries by population and this is a list of countries by population in 2000. It is a list of countries in the world by population in the beginning of the year 2000. Because the table contains data only for the 230 nations and t

Language
–
Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics, questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated sinc

List of countries by English-speaking population
–
The following is a list of English-speaking population by country, including information on both native speakers and second-language speakers. The European Union is a union composed of 28 member states. The combined total English-speaking population is 256,876,220 including 65,478,252 native speakers and 191,397,968 non-native speakers, and would b

1.
80-100%

Urbanization by country
–
This is a list of countries by urbanization. There are two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population, the first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. The second measure, rate of urbanization, describes the average rate of change of the size of the urban pop

1.
The percentage of urbanized population by country.

Economy
–
An economy is an area of the production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and services by different agents in a given geographical location. Economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments, Economic transactions occur when two parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, common

1.
Cumulative Current Account Balance 1980-2008 based on the IMF data)

List of countries by exports

2.
Terminology

List of countries by imports

List of countries by income equality
–
This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality, income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country. Income from black market activity is

List of countries by number of Internet hosts
–
This is the list of countries by number of Internet hosts, based on 2012 figures from the CIA World Factbook. Several dependent territories, not fully recognized states, and non-state territories are also listed, the European Union host is mostly composed of French, Polish and German hosts. The U. S. figure includes hosts in the. us. mil. gov. edu.

List of countries by number of Internet users
–
Below is a sortable list of countries by number of Internet users as of 2015. Internet users are defined as persons who accessed the Internet in the last 12 months from any device, percentage is the percentage of a countrys population that are Internet users. Estimates are derived from household surveys or from Internet subscription data. Non-count

List of countries by public debt
–
This is a list of countries by public debt to GDP ratio as listed by Eurostat for the EU and by CIAs World Factbook 2012 for the rest of the world. It is the total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a countrys home currency. Gross government debt is the most relevant data for discussions of government default and i

Gross domestic product
–
Gross Domestic Product is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period. Nominal GDP estimates are used to determine the economic performance of a whole country or region. The OECD defines GDP as a measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident and institutional units e

1.
Selection of GDP PPP data (top 10 countries and blocks) in no particular order

List of countries by GDP (PPP)
–
This article includes a list of countries by their gross domestic product, the value of all final goods and services produced within a state in a given year. Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, the GDP dollar data given on this page are derived from purchasing power parity calculations. It is h

1.
World Share of GDP (PPP) according to data released by the IMF, October 2014

List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
–
The gross domestic product per capita figures on this page are derived from PPP calculations. Such calculations are prepared by various organizations, including the International Monetary Fund and this is why GDP per capita is often considered one of the indicators of a countrys standard of living, although this can be problematic because GDP per c

List of countries by GDP (PPP) per hour worked
–
The GDP per hour worked is a measure of the productivity of a country when not taking into account unemployment or hours worked per week. GDP stands for gross domestic product normalised to purchasing power parities, the data of the following list comes from The Conference Board and Eurostat. GDP is measured in purchasing power parity, normalised t

1.
List of countries by GDP (PPP) per hour worked (section)

List of countries by GDP (nominal)
–
Gross domestic product is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year. Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, such fluctuations may change a countrys ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference in the standard of living

1.
A map of world economies by size of GDP (nominal) in USD, World Bank, 2014.

List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
–
The world sorted by their gross domestic product per capita at nominal values. Such fluctuations may change a countrys ranking from one year to the next, therefore, these figures should be used with caution. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a standard of living. Comparisons of national income are also made on the basis of purchasi

1.
> $129,696

List of countries by GDP sector composition
–
This is a list of countries by gross domestic product sector composition. Agricultural sector Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the raising of plants. Agricultural output is a component of the GDP of a nation, industrial sector Industry is the segment of economy concerned with production of goods. Industri

1.
Country
–
A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography. Sometimes the word countries is used to both to sovereign states and to other political entities, while other times it refers only to states. The word country comes from Old French contrée, itself derived from Vulgar Latin contrata and it most likely entered the English language after the Franco-Norman invasion during the 11th century. Areas much smaller than a state may be called by names such as the West Country in England, the Black Country, Constable Country. In many European countries the words are used for sub-divisions of the territory, as in the German Bundesländer. The modern Italian contrada is a word with its meaning varying locally, the term country is frequently used to refer to sovereign states. There is no agreement on the number of countries in the world. There are 206 sovereign states, of which 193 states are members of the United Nations, all are defined as states by declarative theory of statehood and constitutive theory of statehood. The latest proclaimed state is South Sudan in 2011, the Kingdom of Denmark, a sovereign state, comprises Metropolitan Denmark and two nominally separate countries—the Faroe Islands, and Greenland—which are almost fully internally self-governing. The Kingdom of the Netherlands, a state, comprises four separate countries, Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao. The degree of autonomy of non-sovereign countries varies widely, some are possessions of sovereign states, as several states have overseas territories, with citizenry at times identical and at times distinct from their own

2.
Sovereign state
–
A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralized government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and it is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state. The existence or disappearance of a state is a question of fact, States came into existence as people gradually transferred their allegiance from an individual sovereign to an intangible but territorial political entity, of the state. States are but one of political orders that emerged from feudal Europe, others being city states, leagues. Westphalian sovereignty is the concept of sovereignty based on territoriality. It is a system of states, multinational corporations. Sovereignty is a term that is frequently misused and that position was reflected and constituted in the notion that their sovereignty was either completely lacking, or at least of an inferior character when compared to that of civilised people. Lassa Oppenheim said There exists perhaps no conception the meaning of which is more controversial than that of sovereignty. It is a fact that this conception, from the moment when it was introduced into political science until the present day, has never had a meaning which was universally agreed upon. In the opinion of H. V. Evatt of the High Court of Australia, sovereignty is neither a question of fact, nor a question of law, but a question that does not arise at all. The right of nations to determine their own status and exercise permanent sovereignty within the limits of their territorial jurisdictions is widely recognized. The Westphalian model of sovereignty has increasingly come under fire from the non-west as a system imposed solely by Western Colonialism. What this model did was make religion a subordinate to politics and this system does not fit in the Islamic world because concepts such as separation of church and state and individual conscience are not recognised in the Islamic religion as social systems. Nation denotes a people who are believed to or deemed to share common customs, religion, language, origins, however, the adjectives national and international are frequently used to refer to matters pertaining to what are strictly sovereign states, as in national capital, international law. State refers to the set of governing and supportive institutions that have sovereignty over a definite territory, State recognition signifies the decision of a sovereign state to treat another entity as also being a sovereign state. Recognition can be expressed or implied and is usually retroactive in its effects. It does not necessarily signify a desire to establish or maintain diplomatic relations, There is no definition that is binding on all the members of the community of nations on the criteria for statehood. In actual practice, the criteria are mainly political, not legal, in international law, however, there are several theories of when a state should be recognised as sovereign

Sovereign state
–
Member states of the United Nations, all of which are sovereign states, though not all sovereign states are necessarily members

3.
Demographics
–
Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. As a very general science, it can analyse any kind of dynamic living population, Demography encompasses the study of the size, structure, and distribution of these populations, and spatial or temporal changes in them in response to birth, migration, ageing, and death. Based on the research of the earth, earths population up to the year 2050 and 2100 can be estimated by demographers. Demographics are quantifiable characteristics of a given population, demographic analysis can cover whole societies or groups defined by criteria such as education, nationality, religion, and ethnicity. Educational institutions usually treat demography as a field of sociology, though there are a number of independent demography departments, demographic thoughts can be traced back to antiquity, and were present in many civilizations and cultures, like Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, India and China. In ancient Greece, this can be found in the writings of Herodotus, Thucidides, Hippocrates, Epicurus, Protagoras, Polus, Plato and Aristotle. In Rome, writers and philosophers like Cicero, Seneca, Pliny the elder, Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus, Cato, in the Middle ages, Christian thinkers devoted much time in refuting the Classical ideas on demography. Important contributors to the field were William of Conches, Bartholomew of Lucca, William of Auvergne, William of Pagula, and Ibn Khaldun. One of the earliest demographic studies in the period was Natural and Political Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality by John Graunt. Among the studys findings were that one third of the children in London died before their sixteenth birthday, mathematicians, such as Edmond Halley, developed the life table as the basis for life insurance mathematics. Richard Price was credited with the first textbook on life contingencies published in 1771, followed later by Augustus de Morgan, at the end of the 18th century, Thomas Robert Malthus concluded that, if unchecked, populations would be subject to exponential growth. He feared that population growth would tend to outstrip growth in production, leading to ever-increasing famine. He is seen as the father of ideas of overpopulation. Later, more sophisticated and realistic models were presented by Benjamin Gompertz, the period 1860-1910 can be characterized as a period of transition wherein demography emerged from statistics as a separate field of interest. There are two types of data collection—direct and indirect—with several different methods of each type, direct data comes from vital statistics registries that track all births and deaths as well as certain changes in legal status such as marriage, divorce, and migration. In developed countries with good registration systems, registry statistics are the best method for estimating the number of births and deaths, a census is the other common direct method of collecting demographic data. A census is conducted by a national government and attempts to enumerate every person in a country. Analyses are conducted after a census to estimate how much over or undercounting took place and these compare the sex ratios from the census data to those estimated from natural values and mortality data

4.
Life
–
Various forms of life exist, such as plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. The criteria can at times be ambiguous and may or may not define viruses, viroids, biology is the primary science concerned with the study of life, although many other sciences are involved. The definition of life is controversial, the current definition is that organisms maintain homeostasis, are composed of cells, undergo metabolism, can grow, adapt to their environment, respond to stimuli, and reproduce. However, many other definitions have been proposed, and there are some borderline cases. Modern definitions are more complex, with input from a diversity of scientific disciplines, biophysicists have proposed many definitions based on chemical systems, there are also some living systems theories, such as the Gaia hypothesis, the idea that the Earth itself is alive. Another theory is that life is the property of systems, and yet another is elaborated in complex systems biology. Abiogenesis describes the process of life arising from non-living matter. Properties common to all organisms include the need for certain chemical elements to sustain biochemical functions. Life on Earth first appeared as early as 4.28 billion years ago, soon after ocean formation 4.41 billion years ago, Earths current life may have descended from an RNA world, although RNA-based life may not have been the first. The mechanism by which began on Earth is unknown, though many hypotheses have been formulated and are often based on the Miller–Urey experiment. The earliest known forms are microfossils of bacteria. In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes believed to be present in the last universal ancestor of all living organisms. Since its primordial beginnings, life on Earth has changed its environment on a time scale. To survive in most ecosystems, life must often adapt to a range of conditions. Some microorganisms, called extremophiles, thrive in physically or geochemically extreme environments that are detrimental to most other life on Earth, Aristotle was the first person to classify organisms. Later, Carl Linnaeus introduced his system of nomenclature for the classification of species. Eventually new groups and categories of life were discovered, such as cells and microorganisms, cells are sometimes considered the smallest units and building blocks of life. There are two kinds of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, both of which consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane and contain many such as proteins

5.
Health
–
Health is the level of functional and metabolic efficiency of a living organism. In humans it is the ability of individuals or communities to adapt, other definitions have been proposed, among which a recent definition that correlates health and personal satisfaction. The definition of health has evolved over time, although this definition was welcomed by some as being innovative, it was also criticized as being vague, excessively broad, and was not construed as measurable. For a long time it was set aside as an impractical ideal, just as there was a shift from viewing disease as a state to thinking of it as a process, the same shift happened in definitions of health. Again, the WHO played a role when it fostered the development of the health promotion movement in the 1980s. This brought in a new conception of health, not as a state, the 1984 WHO revised definition of health defined it as the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living, it is a concept, emphasizing social and personal resources. Thus, health referred to the ability to maintain homeostasis and recover from insults, since the late 1970s, the federal Healthy People Initiative has been a visible component of the United States’ approach to improving population health. Progress has been limited for many objectives, leading to concerns about the effectiveness of Healthy People in shaping outcomes in the context of a decentralized and uncoordinated US health system. Healthy People 2020 gives more prominence to health promotion and preventive approaches, a new expanded digital interface facilitates use and dissemination rather than bulky printed books as produced in the past. The impact of changes to Healthy People will be determined in the coming years. Systematic activities to prevent or cure health problems and promote health in humans are undertaken by health care providers. Applications with regard to animal health are covered by the veterinary sciences, studies have shown that high levels of stress can affect human health. Generally, the context in which an individual lives is of importance for both his health status and quality of their life. The concept of the field, as distinct from medical care. The report identified three interdependent fields as key determinants of an individuals health, the maintenance and promotion of health is achieved through different combination of physical, mental, and social well-being, together sometimes referred to as the health triangle. The WHOs 1986 Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion further stated that health is not just a state, Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. Health and illness can co-exist, as people with multiple chronic diseases or terminal illnesses can consider themselves healthy

Health
–
Donald Henderson as part of the CDC's smallpox eradication team in 1966.
Health
–
Postage stamp, New Zealand, 1933. Public health has been promoted – and depicted – in a wide variety of ways.
Health
–
A lady washing her hands c. 1655

6.
List of countries by birth rate
–
This article includes three versions of the list of countries by crude birth rate. Crude birth rate refers to the number of births over a given period divided by the person-years lived by the population over that period and it is expressed as number of births per 1,000 population. The first list is based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation, lists 236 countries and territories in 2011 crude birth rate. The second list is based on World Bank Data for the year 2010, the third list is based on CIA World Factbook estimates for year 2013 and 2014. Dependent territories and not fully recognized states are not ranked

List of countries by birth rate
–
Countries by birth rate, 2014.

7.
List of countries by death rate
–
This article includes two versions of the list of countries by crude mortality rate. Crude mortality rate refers to the number of deaths over a given period divided by the person-years lived by the population over that period and it is usually expressed in units of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year. The first list is based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and it contains the crude death rate of 236 countries and territories in 2011. The second list is based on CIA World Factbook 2014 estimates, dependent territories and not fully recognized states are not ranked. List of countries by infant mortality rate

List of countries by death rate
–
The death rate by country (2009 CIA World Factbook figures).

8.
List of countries by homicide rate
–
List of countries by intentional homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants. The reliability of underlying national murder rate data may vary, the legal definition of intentional homicide differs among countries. Intentional homicide may or may not include infanticide, assisted suicide or euthanasia and they may also be under-reported for political reasons. Another problem for the comparability of the figures is that some data may include attempts. In general the values in these lists should not include failed attempts except when mentioned otherwise, a study undertaken by the Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development estimated that there were approximately 490,000 intentional homicides in 2004. The study estimated that the rate was 7.6 intentional homicides per 100,000 inhabitants for 2004. UNODC reported a global average intentional homicide rate of 6.2 per 100,000 population for 2012, UNODC calculated a rate of 6.9 in 2010. Note, Please update the UNODC tables only with UNODC data, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime has a site called Global Study on Homicide. All data in this section comes from reports on that site, latest year for each country is indicated in the table below. Intentional homicide, as defined by UNODC, is unlawful death purposefully inflicted on a person by another person, rates are calculated per 100,000 inhabitants. The UNODC report has bar charts and timeline graphs of homicide rates for subregions, but the report does not list exact rate numbers. Subregion counts are not found in the report, but may be calculated by totaling the counts for each country in a subregion. Also, do not add references within the table itself and this breaks row alignment between the column of row numbers on the left, and the rest of the table. See Help, Sorting for info on row numbering, click on the sorting cell below the rate column in order to sort countries by homicide rate. The row number column on the left is static and its order does not change and it is useful for ranking countries by homicide rate. Click on the cell below the country column to sort alphabetically. The initial order of the countries is alphabetical within subregion, subregions are initially in alphabetical order within regions. Reload the page to return to that initial subregion order, click sorting buttons to sort alphabetically or numerically

9.
List of countries by infant mortality rate
–
Figures are from the United Nations World Population Prospects report, by five years averages, and the CIA World Factbook. The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births and this rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country. The infant mortality rate of the world is 49.4 according to the United Nations and 42.09 according to the CIA World Factbook, the under-5 mortality rate of the world is 43 deaths per 1,000 according to the World Health Organization. Note, The last column in both tables enables interactive links between the tables - also the tables can be sorted using the icon. The following is a list of OECD countries by under-five mortality rate per 1000 live births as published by the WHO in 2015, infant mortality - longitudinal data - the 2015 revision

10.
List of countries by life expectancy
–
This is a collection of lists of countries by average life expectancy at birth. Life expectancy equals the number of years a person born in a given country is expected to live if mortality rates at each age were to remain steady in the future. The life expectancy is shown separately for males and females, as well as a combined figure, several non-sovereign entities are also included in this list. The figures reflect the quality of healthcare in the listed as well as other factors including ongoing wars, obesity. According to the World Health Organization, women on average longer than men in all countries. Of those countries, only Lesotho, Swaziland, and Mozambique in 2011 were suffering from an HIV prevalence rate of greater than 10 percent in the 15–49 age group, comparing life expectancies from birth across countries can be problematic. There are differing definitions of live birth vs stillbirth even among more developed countries, taiwans data is not included in the following WHO statistics. According to the Ministry of the Interior of Taiwan, the expectancy of the 23. 5-million Taiwanese people reached 80.2 years in 2015. The life expectancy of Taiwanese males averaged 77.01, while that of females reached 83.62,2015 data published in May 2016. HALE, Health-adjusted life expectancy On July 2015, the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, released World Population Prospects, the following table shows the life expectancy at birth for the period 2010 to 2015. The Global Burden of Disease 2010 study published updated figures in 2012, although no estimate is given for the sexes combined, for the first time life expectancy estimates have included uncertainty intervals. The US CIA published the life expectancy data in its annual world factbook 2012. List of countries by hospital beds List of countries by death rate List of countries by intentional homicide rate List of countries by suicide rate List of U. S. Only countries/territories with a population of 100,000 or more in 2010 are included in the United Nations list, Life expectancy trends interactive graph Life expectancy interactive world map Global Life Expectancy | LiveScience

List of countries by life expectancy
–
Comparison of male and female life expectancy at birth for countries and territories as defined in the 2013 CIA Factbook, with selected bubbles labelled. The dotted line corresponds to equal female and male life expectancy. The apparent 3D volumes of the bubbles are linearly proportional to their population.

11.
List of countries by suicide rate
–
The WHO statistics are based on the official reports from each respective country, and therefore, no more accurate than the record-keeping in the specific country. Incidence of suicide tends to be under-reported due to cultural and social pressures, and possibly completely unreported in some areas. Since the data might be skewed, comparing suicide rates between nations is statistically unsound, male and female suicide rates are out of total male population and total female population, respectively. Most countries listed below report that males have a suicide rate than females.96 per 100,000 inhabitants. Suicide rates by country, 1950-2011 published by the World Health Organization

12.
List of countries by Human Development Index
–
This is a list of all the countries by the Human Development Index as included in a United Nations Development Programmes Human Development Report. The latest report was released on 21 March 2017 and compiled on the basis of estimates for 2015, in the 2010 Human Development Report a further Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index was introduced. While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that the IHDI is the level of human development. The Human Development Index is a statistic of life expectancy, education. A country scores higher HDI when the life expectancy at birth is longer, the period is longer. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, the average HDI of regions of the World and groups of countries are also included for comparison. Countries fall into four broad human development categories, Very High Human Development, High Human Development, Medium Human Development, because of the new methodology adopted since the 2010 Human Development Report, the new reported HDI figures appear lower than the HDI figures in previous reports. From 2007 to 2010, the first category was referred to as developed countries, the original high human development category has been split into two as above in the report for 2007. The country with the largest decrease in HDI since 1998 is Zimbabwe, the country with the largest decrease since 2009 is Cape Verde, which decreased by 0.170. The only year without a Human Development Report since 1990 was 2012, the latest report was launched on 21 March 2017

List of countries by Human Development Index
–
0.900 and over

13.
List of countries by literacy rate
–
This is a list of countries by literacy rate. The figures represented are almost entirely collected by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics on behalf of UNESCO with 2015 estimates based on people aged 15 or over who can read, where data is taken from a different source, notes are provided. The data is collated by mostly using surveys within the last ten years which are self-declared by the persons in question, UIS provide estimates based on these for the year 2015 with a Global Age-specific Literacy Projections Model. The global literacy rate for all people aged 15 and above is 86. 3%, the global literacy rate for all males is 90. 0% and the rate for all females is 82. 7%. The rate varies throughout the world with developed nations having a rate of 99. 2%, Oceania having 71. 3%, South and West Asia having 70. 2% and sub-Saharan Africa at 64. 0%. Over 75% of the worlds 781 million illiterate adults are found in South Asia, West Asia and sub-Saharan Africa and women represent almost two-thirds of all illiterate adults globally

List of countries by literacy rate

14.
Life Expectancy Index
–
The Human Development Index is a composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A country scores higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the level is higher. The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, while the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that the IHDI is the actual level of human development, and the HDI can be viewed as an index of potential human development. The origins of the HDI are found in the annual Human Development Reports produced by the Human Development Reports Office of the United Nations Development Programme, nobel laureate Amartya Sen, utilized Haqs work in his own work on human capabilities. The following three indices are used,1, Life Expectancy Index = LE −2085 −20 LEI is 1 when Life expectancy at birth is 85 and 0 when Life expectancy at birth is 20. Education Index = MYSI + EYSI22.1 Mean Years of Schooling Index = MYS15 Fifteen is the maximum of this indicator for 2025. 2.2 Expected Years of Schooling Index = EYS18 Eighteen is equivalent to achieving a degree in most countries. Income Index = ln ⁡ − ln ⁡ ln ⁡ − ln ⁡ II is 1 when GNI per capita is $75,000 and 0 when GNI per capita is $100. Finally, the HDI is the mean of the previous three normalized indices, HDI = LEI ⋅ EI ⋅ II3. Standard of living, as indicated by the logarithm of gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity. This methodology was used by the UNDP until their 2011 report, the formula defining the HDI is promulgated by the United Nations Development Programme. The 2016 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Programme was released on March 21,2017, below is the list of the very high human development countries, = increase. The number in brackets represents the number of ranks the country has climbed relative to the ranking in the 2015 report, the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is a measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account. The rankings are not relative to the HDI list above due to the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data. Countries in the top quartile of HDI with a missing IHDI, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Andorra, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Kuwait. The 2015 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Programme was released on December 14,2015, below is the list of the very high human development countries, = increase. The number in brackets represents the number of ranks the country has climbed relative to the ranking in the 2014 report, the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is a measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account. Note, The green arrows, red arrows, and blue dashes represent changes in rank, the rankings are not relative to the HDI list above due to the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data

Life Expectancy Index
–
Mahbub ul Haq
Life Expectancy Index
–
World map indicating the category of Human Development Index by country (based on 2013 data; published July 24, 2014).
Life Expectancy Index
–
Amartya Sen

15.
Religion
–
Religions have sacred histories and narratives, which may be preserved in sacred scriptures, and symbols and holy places, that aim mostly to give a meaning to life. Religions may contain symbolic stories, which are said by followers to be true, that have the side purpose of explaining the origin of life. Traditionally, faith, in addition to reason, has considered a source of religious beliefs. There are an estimated 10,000 distinct religions worldwide, about 84% of the worlds population is affiliated with one of the five largest religions, namely Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism or forms of folk religion. With the onset of the modernisation of and the revolution in the western world. The religiously unaffiliated demographic include those who do not identify with any religion, atheists. While the religiously unaffiliated have grown globally, many of the religiously unaffiliated still have various religious beliefs, about 16% of the worlds population is religiously unaffiliated. The study of religion encompasses a variety of academic disciplines, including theology, comparative religion. Theories of religion offer various explanations for the origins and workings of religion, Religion is derived from the Latin religiō, the ultimate origins of which are obscure. One possible interpretation traced to Cicero, connects lego read, i. e. re with lego in the sense of choose, go over again or consider carefully. The medieval usage alternates with order in designating bonded communities like those of monastic orders, we hear of the religion of the Golden Fleece, of a knight of the religion of Avys. In the ancient and medieval world, the etymological Latin root religio was understood as a virtue of worship, never as doctrine, practice. In the Quran, the Arabic word din is often translated as religion in modern translations and it was in the 19th century that the terms Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, and Confucianism first emerged. Max Müller characterized many other cultures around the world, including Egypt, Persia, what is called ancient religion today, they would have only called law. Some languages have words that can be translated as religion, but they may use them in a different way. For example, the Sanskrit word dharma, sometimes translated as religion, throughout classical South Asia, the study of law consisted of concepts such as penance through piety and ceremonial as well as practical traditions. Medieval Japan at first had a union between imperial law and universal or Buddha law, but these later became independent sources of power. There is no equivalent of religion in Hebrew, and Judaism does not distinguish clearly between religious, national, racial, or ethnic identities

16.
Christianity by country
–
As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents, out of about 7.2 billion people. The largest Christian denomination is the Catholic Church, with 1.09 billion adherents, the second largest Christian branch is either Protestantism, or the Eastern Orthodox Church. Christianity is the predominant religion in Europe, Russia, the Americas, there are also large Christian communities in other parts of the world, such as Indonesia, Central Asia and the Middle East, where Christianity is the second-largest religion after Islam. The United States of America has the largest Christian population in the world, followed by Brazil, note, Population statistics by religious affiliations are based upon statistical science and are subject to observational error. The proportion of Christians is based on the proportion of the population in each country who are members of a Christian denomination or who identify themselves as Christian and it says nothing about the proportion of such as believe in God and are regularly in the church. People who mix Christianity with tribal religions are defined in this article as Christians. com, note, Includes non-United Nations member states not recognized by any state, non-UN member states recognized only by non-UN members and non-UN member states recognized by at least one UN member. On the left, A list of the top ten countries by largest number of Christians, on the right, a list of the top ten countries by highest percentage of the population that is Christian. In total,126 countries have a Christian majority, while 71 countries have a Christian minority, according to Pew Research study, of the 232 countries and territories,157 have Christian majorities. According to 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there are 2.18 billion Christians around the world in 2010, and according to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remain the worlds largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion, another study made in 2015, also by the Pew Research Center extends that precedence to the year 2070, after which Islam will take its spot. Many charismatic movements that have well established over large parts of the world, is growing especially in Africa, Latin America, Muslim world

Christianity by country
–
Christianity by country

17.
List of countries by Muslim population
–
Adherents of Islam constitute the worlds second largest religious group. According to a 2010 study that was released in January 2011, Islam has 1.6 billion adherents, according to another study in 2015 Islam has 1.7 billion adherents. Most Muslims are either of two denominations, Sunni or Shia, Islam is the dominant religion in the Middle East, North Africa, the Sahel, Central Asia and some other parts of Asia. Large communities of Muslims are also found in China, the Balkans, India, historically, Islam was divided into three major religious denominations well known as Sunni, Khawarij and Shī‘ah. In the modern era, Sunnis constitute more than 70% of the overall Muslim population while the Shias are slightly more than 20%, today, many of the Shia sects are extinct. The major surviving Imamah-Muslim Sects are Usulism, Nizari Ismailism and Alevism, on the other hand, new Muslim sects like the Nation of Islam, Ahmadi Muslims, non-denominational Muslims, Quranist Muslims and Wahhabis were later independently developed. According to the Pew Research Center in 2010, there were 50 Muslim-majority countries, around 62% of the worlds Muslims live in the Asia-Pacific region, with over 1 billion adherents. The largest Muslim population in a country is in Indonesia, a home to 12. 7% of the worlds Muslims, followed by Pakistan. About 20% of Muslims live in Arab countries, in the Middle East, the non-Arab countries of Turkey, Pakistan and Iran are the largest Muslim-majority countries, in Africa, Egypt and Nigeria have the most populous Muslim communities. The study found more Muslims in the United Kingdom than in Lebanon, other studies show variance with Pew figures. The percentage of Muslims in Egypt is given as 93. 7%, however, the figure for Christians in Egypt is usually estimated at 12-15%, but in truth nobody knows since there has been no religious census

List of countries by Muslim population
–
World Muslim population by percentage (Pew Research Center, 2014).

18.
Hinduism by country
–
Hinduism has over 1.09 billion adherents worldwide with about 95% living in India. Along with Christianity, Islam and Buddhism, Hinduism is one of the four major religions of the world by percentage of population, most Hindus are found in Asian countries. Hinduism is a religion and consists of many schools of thought. Estimates of Hinduism by country reflects this diversity of thought and way of life, demographic estimates of Hindu population by country has been published by the Pew Research Center in 2012, as well as US State Departments International Religious Freedom Report 2006. By total number, India has the most Hindus, by percentage, Nepal has the largest majority of Hindu population in the world followed by India and Mauritius. There are an estimated 60 to 70 million Hindus who lived outside India in 2010, only three countries in the world, in 2010, had a majority of its population as Hindus - Nepal, India and Mauritius. Guyana, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname have large Hindu minorities, sources used for the table below include the US State Department, the CIA World Factbook adherents. com, Pew Research Center. These percentages were calculated by using the above numbers, the first percentage, 4th column, is the percentage of population that is Hindu in a region. The last column shows the Hindu percentage compared to the total Hindu population of the world

19.
Buddhism by country
–
Buddhism is a religion practiced by an estimated 488 million in the world,495 million, or 535 million people as of the 2010s, representing 9% to 10% of the worlds total population. China is the country with the largest population of Buddhists, approximately 244 million or 18. 2% of its total population and they are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions. Mahayana, also practiced in broader East Asia, is followed by half of world Buddhists. The second largest body of Buddhist schools is Theravada, mostly followed in Southeast Asia, the third and smallest body of schools, Vajrayana, is followed mostly in Tibet, the Himalayan region, Mongolia and parts of Russia, but has been disseminated throughout the world. According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey, Eastern Buddhism has 360 million adherents, Southern Buddhism has 150 million adherents, seven million additional Buddhists are found outside Asia. com

Buddhism by country
–
Percentage of Buddhists by country, according to the Pew Research Center.

20.
Jewish population by country
–
The worlds core Jewish population in early 2015 was estimated at 14.31 million people. Demographer Sergio DellaPergola proposed an extended Jewish population, including people identifying as partly Jewish and non-Jews with Jewish parents and his enlarged Jewish population figure further includes non-Jewish members of Jewish households and totals 20.2 million.6 million are currently living in Israel. Figures for these categories are naturally less precise than for the core Jewish population. With just over 6 million Jews, Israel is the only Jewish majority, Jewish population figures for the United States are contested, ranging between 5.7 and 6.8 million. Other countries with a significant Jewish population are, like Israel, in 1939, the core Jewish population reached its historical peak of 17 million. Due to the Holocaust, the number was reduced to 11 million in 1945, the population grew again to around 13 million by the 1970s, and then recorded near-zero growth until around 2005 due to low fertility rates and to assimilation. Since 2005, the worlds Jewish population grew modestly at a rate of around 0. 78% and this increase primarily reflected the rapid growth of Haredi and some Orthodox sectors, who are becoming a growing proportion of Jews. Recent Jewish population dynamics are characterized by continued steady increase in the Israeli Jewish population and flat or declining numbers in countries of the diaspora. The Jewish population of Israel increased from the inception in 1948 to 6,135,000 in 2014 while the population of the diaspora has dropped from 10.5 to 8.1 million over the same period. Current Israeli Jewish demographics are characterized by a high fertility rate of 3 children per woman. The overall growth rate of this group is 1. 7% annually, the diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining. Immigration trends also favor Israel ahead of diaspora countries, the Jewish state has a positive immigration balance. Globally, only the United States, Canada, Australia, the exact number of Jews in the United States has been the subject of much debate given questions over counting methodology. In 2012, Sheskin and Dashefsky put forward a figure of 6.72 million based on a mixture of local surveys, informed local estimates, and US census data. They qualified this, however, with a concern over double counting, drawing on the work, the Steinhardt Social Research Institute released their own estimate of 6.8 million Jews in the United States in 2013. All of these figures stand in contrast to Israeli demographer Sergio DellaPergolas number of 5,425,000 also in 2012 and he has called high estimates “implausible” and “unreliable” although he did revise the American Jewish number upward to 5.7 million in 2014. In sum, an interval of a million or more people is likely to persist in reporting on the number of Jewish Americans. Below is a list of Jewish populations in the world by country or territory, unless otherwise indicated, core and enlarged population numbers are taken from DellaPergolas chapter World Jewish Population of the American Jewish Year Book of 2014

Jewish population by country
–
Jewish population by country (2013)

21.
Sikhism by country
–
There are approximately 25-27 million Sikhs in the world. The figures on this list are based on each of the countrys respective censuses or are calculated by specific organisations. Some of these figures are rounded off, in case of conflicting estimates, both the lowest and highest estimates are included. These percentages were calculated by using the above numbers, the first percentage, 4th column, refers to the percentage of Sikhs in a region. The last column shows the Sikh percentage compared to the total Sikh population of the world, Sikh diaspora Punjabi people General, List of religious populations

Sikhism by country
–
The Sikh diaspora and population centers as of 2004.

22.
Ahmadiyya by country
–
As of 2016 the community has been established in 209 countries and territories of the world. With concentrations in South Asia, West Africa, East Africa, the community is a minority Muslim sect in almost every country of the world. On the other hand, it has spread to most countries of the world, in some countries, it is practically illegal to be an Ahmadi Muslim. For instance, in Pakistan, following the Ordinance XX, Ahmadis cannot call themselves Muslims, together, these factors make it difficult to estimate the Ahmadiyya population for both the community itself and as well as independent organizations. According to the World Christian Encyclopedia, the Ahmadiyya movement is the fastest growing sect within Islam as of the early 21st century, the country with the largest Ahmadiyya population is Pakistan, with an estimated 4 million Ahmadi Muslims. Excluding small nations, the country with the largest proportion of Ahmadi Muslims to other Muslims is Ghana, the country with the highest percentage is Sierra Leone standing at over 8%. The population is almost entirely contained in the single, organized and united movement, commonly referred to as the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, the other is the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, which represents less than 0. 2% of the total Ahmadiyya population. The following maps summarize the data presented in the table below, the following figures display estimates of the number of Ahmadi Muslims and their percentages by country. However, it does not list all the countries with the Ahmadiyya presence, in particular, it does not list a number of countries which have a large presence of Ahmadis. This includes Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Guinea, The Gambia and a number of Arab States

23.
Population
–
A population is the number of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding. In sociology, population refers to a collection of humans, Demography is a social science which entails the statistical study of human populations. This article refers mainly to human population, in population genetics a sexual population is a set of organisms in which any pair of members can breed together. This means that they can regularly exchange gametes to produce normally-fertile offspring and this also implies that all members belong to the same species. If the gamodeme is very large, and all gene alleles are uniformly distributed by the gametes within it, however, there may be low frequencies of exchange with these neighbours. This may be viewed as the breaking up of a sexual population into smaller overlapping sexual populations. The overall rise in homozygosity is quantified by the inbreeding coefficient, note that all homozygotes are increased in frequency – both the deleterious and the desirable. The mean phenotype of the collection is lower than that of the panmictic original – which is known as inbreeding depression. It is most important to note, however, that some lines will be superior to the panmictic original, while some will be about the same. The probabilities of each can be estimated from those binomial equations, in plant and animal breeding, procedures have been developed which deliberately utilise the effects of dispersion. It can be shown that dispersion-assisted selection leads to the greatest genetic advance and this is so for both allogamous and autogamous gamodemes. In ecology, the population of a species in a certain area can be estimated using the Lincoln Index. As of todays date, the population is estimated by the United States Census Bureau to be 7.496 billion. The US Census Bureau estimates the 7 billion number was surpassed on 12 March 2012, according to papers published by the United States Census Bureau, the world population hit 6.5 billion on 24 February 2006. The United Nations Population Fund designated 12 October 1999 as the day on which world population reached 6 billion. This was about 12 years after world population reached 5 billion in 1987, the population of countries such as Nigeria, is not even known to the nearest million, so there is a considerable margin of error in such estimates. Researcher Carl Haub calculated that a total of over 100 billion people have probably been born in the last 2000 years, Population growth increased significantly as the Industrial Revolution gathered pace from 1700 onwards. In 2007 the United Nations Population Division projected that the population will likely surpass 10 billion in 2055

Population
–
The years taken for every billion people to be added to the world's population, and the years that population was reached. (with future estimates). See also alt. chart
Population
–
The distribution of human world population in 1994

24.
Poverty
–
Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. It is a concept, which includes social, economic. Absolute poverty or destitution refers to the lack of necessary to meet basic needs such as food, clothing. Absolute poverty is meant to be about the independent of location. After the industrial revolution, mass production in factories made producing goods increasingly less expensive, of more importance is the modernization of agriculture, such as fertilizers, to provide enough yield to feed the population. Strategies of increasing income to make basic needs more affordable typically include welfare, economic freedoms, Poverty reduction is a major goal and issue for many international organizations such as the United Nations and the World Bank. The World Bank forecasts that 702.1 million people, down from 1.75 billion in 1990, of these, about 347.1 million people lived in Sub-Saharan Africa and 231.3 million lived in South Asia. According to the World Bank, between 1990 and 2015, the percentage of the population living in extreme poverty fell from 37. 1% to 9. 6%. Nevertheless, given the current economic model, built on GDP, extreme poverty is a global challenge, it is observed in all parts of the world, including developed economies. UNICEF estimates half the children live in poverty. It has been argued by some academics that the policies promoted by global financial institutions such as the IMF. Another estimate places the true scale of poverty much higher than the World Bank, with an estimated 4.3 billion people living with less than $5 a day and unable to meet basic needs adequately. In 2012 it is estimated that, given a poverty line of $1.25 a day 1.2 billion people lived in poverty, the word poverty comes from old French poverté, from Latin paupertās from pauper. The English word poverty via Anglo-Norman povert, there are several definitions of poverty depending on the context of the situation it is placed in, and the views of the person giving the definition. Income Poverty, a familys income fails to meet a federally established threshold that differs across countries, United Nations, Fundamentally, poverty is the inability of having choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity. It means lack of capacity to participate effectively in society. It means insecurity, powerlessness and exclusion of individuals, households and it means susceptibility to violence, and it often implies living in marginal or fragile environments, without access to clean water or sanitation. World Bank, Poverty is pronounced deprivation in well-being, and comprises many dimensions and it includes low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity

Poverty
–
An example of urban poverty in this slum in Jakarta, Indonesia
Poverty
–
Children of the Depression -era migrant workers, Arizona, 1937
Poverty
–
An early morning outside the Opera Tavern in Stockholm, with a gang of beggars waiting for delivery of the scraps from the previous day. Sweden, 1868.
Poverty
–
A Somali boy receiving treatment for malnourishment at a health facility.

25.
List of countries and dependencies by population
–
This is a list of countries and dependent territories by population. For instance, the United Kingdom is considered as a single entity while the constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands are considered separately, in addition, this list includes certain states with limited recognition not found in ISO 3166-1. The population figures do not reflect the practice of countries that report significantly different populations of citizens domestically, some countries, notably Thailand, do not report total population, exclusively counting citizens, for total populations an international agency must issue an estimate. Also given in percent is each countrys population compared to the population of the world, figures used in this chart are based on the most up to date estimate or projections by the national census authority where available, and are usually rounded off. Where updated national data are not available, figures are based on the projections for 2016 by the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Because the compiled figures are not collected at the time in every country, or at the same level of accuracy. Furthermore, the addition of figures from all countries may not equal the world total, a handful of nations have not conducted a census in over 30 years, providing high error margin estimates only. Areas that form parts of sovereign states, such as the countries of the United Kingdom, are counted as part of the sovereign states concerned. Note, All dependent territories or constituent countries that are parts of states are shown in italics

List of countries and dependencies by population
–
A map of world population in 2014

26.
List of countries by population growth rate
–
This article includes three lists of countries and self-governing dependent territories by annual population growth rate. The first list is based on the estimates taken from the 2006 edition of the United Nations World Population Prospects report, figures are population growth rate estimates for the period 2005–2010 using the medium variant. The second list is based on The World Factbook estimates for year 2012, dependent territories and not fully recognized states are also ranked. The third list is based on World Bank estimates for year 2009

List of countries by population growth rate
–
The population growth rate estimates (by United Nations) for the period 2005–2010 using the medium variant.

27.
List of countries by population in 2000
–
This is harmonized list of population estimates for the year 2000. For a listing with more recent estimates, see List of countries by population and this is a list of countries by population in 2000. It is a list of countries in the world by population in the beginning of the year 2000. Because the table contains data only for the 230 nations and territories at the start of 2000 and this list adopts definitions of country on a case by case basis. The United Kingdom is considered as a country while constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands are regarded separately. Population clocks & projected growth charts for all countries

List of countries by population in 2000
–
Map of countries by population for the year 2000 (U.N. source)

28.
Language
–
Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics, questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought, 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language. Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky, estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000. However, any precise estimate depends on an arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken or signed, but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli – for example, in whistling, signed and this is because human language is modality-independent. All languages rely on the process of semiosis to relate signs to particular meanings, human language has the properties of productivity and displacement, and relies entirely on social convention and learning. Its complex structure affords a wider range of expressions than any known system of animal communication. Language is processed in different locations in the human brain. Humans acquire language through interaction in early childhood, and children generally speak fluently when they are approximately three years old. The use of language is deeply entrenched in human culture, a group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family. The languages of the Dravidian family that are mostly in Southern India include Tamil. Academic consensus holds that between 50% and 90% of languages spoken at the beginning of the 21st century will probably have become extinct by the year 2100. The English word language derives ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s tongue, speech, language through Latin lingua, language, tongue, and Old French language. The word is used to refer to codes, ciphers. Unlike conventional human languages, a language in this sense is a system of signs for encoding and decoding information. This article specifically concerns the properties of human language as it is studied in the discipline of linguistics. As an object of study, language has two primary meanings, an abstract concept, and a specific linguistic system, e. g. French

29.
List of countries by English-speaking population
–
The following is a list of English-speaking population by country, including information on both native speakers and second-language speakers. The European Union is a union composed of 28 member states. The combined total English-speaking population is 256,876,220 including 65,478,252 native speakers and 191,397,968 non-native speakers, and would be ranked 2nd if it were included. When taken from this list and added together, the number of English speakers in the world adds up to around 1,200,000,000. Likewise, the number of native English speakers adds up to around 350,000,000. This implies that there are approximately 850,000,000 people who speak English as an additional language. org. uk Teachingenglish. org. uk Raymond G. Gordon, eurobarometer report – Europeans and their languages, February 2006. Only includes EU citizens aged 15 and above, eurobarometer report – Europeans and their languages, June 2012. Only includes EU citizens aged 15 and above, the Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language

List of countries by English-speaking population
–
80-100%

30.
Urbanization by country
–
This is a list of countries by urbanization. There are two measures of the degree of urbanization of a population, the first, urban population, describes the percentage of the total population living in urban areas, as defined by the country. The second measure, rate of urbanization, describes the average rate of change of the size of the urban population over the given period of time. The data is taken from World Urbanization Prospects, the 2011 Revision, United Nations World Urbanization Prospects, the 2009 Revision, Web Site of the United Nations Population Division List of countries by urban population

Urbanization by country
–
The percentage of urbanized population by country.

31.
Economy
–
An economy is an area of the production, distribution, or trade, and consumption of goods and services by different agents in a given geographical location. Economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments, Economic transactions occur when two parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency. Monetary transactions only account for a part of the economic domain. Economic activity is spurred by production which uses resources, labor. It has changed over time due to technology, innovation such as that which produces intellectual property and these factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. In other words, the domain is a social domain of human practices. A command-based economy is where political agents directly control what is produced and how it is sold, a green economy is low-carbon, resource efficient, and socially inclusive. Today the range of fields of the examining the economy revolve around the social science of economics, but may include sociology, history, anthropology. All professions, occupations, economic agents or economic activities, contribute to the economy, consumption, saving, and investment are variable components in the economy that determine macroeconomic equilibrium. There are three sectors of economic activity, primary, secondary, and tertiary. Alternate and long-standing terminology distinguishes measures of an economy expressed in real values, such as real GDP, the English words economy and economics can be traced back to the Greek word οἰκονόμος, a composite word derived from οἶκος and νέμω by way of οἰκονομία. The first recorded sense of the economy is in the phrase the management of œconomic affairs. Economy is later recorded in more senses, including thrift. The most frequently used current sense, denoting the system of a country or an area. As long as someone has been making, supplying and distributing goods or services, there has some sort of economy, economies grew larger as societies grew. The Babylonians and their city state neighbors developed forms of economics comparable to currently used civil society concepts and they developed the first known codified legal and administrative systems, complete with courts, jails, and government records. The ancient economy was based on subsistence farming. The Shekel referred to an ancient unit of weight and currency, the first usage of the term came from Mesopotamia circa 3000 BC. and referred to a specific mass of barley which related other values in a metric such as silver, bronze, copper etc

32.
List of countries by income equality
–
This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality, income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country. Income from black market activity is not included and is the subject of current economic research. Click sorting buttons to sort alphabetically or numerically, can sort in ascending or descending order. The row number column on the left sorts independently from the columns to the right of it. CIA and this book released with two titles, depending on country of publication. However, the ISBN remains the same, global Peace Index Map of Gini data for 2007–2010 Shadow economies all over the world, new estimates for 162 countries from 1999 to 2007. Friedrich Schneider, Andreas Buehn, Claudio E. Montenegro

List of countries by income equality
–
Countries' income inequality (2014) according to their Gini coefficients: red = high, green = low inequality

33.
List of countries by number of Internet hosts
–
This is the list of countries by number of Internet hosts, based on 2012 figures from the CIA World Factbook. Several dependent territories, not fully recognized states, and non-state territories are also listed, the European Union host is mostly composed of French, Polish and German hosts. The U. S. figure includes hosts in the. us. mil. gov. edu. com. org, and. net domains

34.
List of countries by number of Internet users
–
Below is a sortable list of countries by number of Internet users as of 2015. Internet users are defined as persons who accessed the Internet in the last 12 months from any device, percentage is the percentage of a countrys population that are Internet users. Estimates are derived from household surveys or from Internet subscription data. Non-countries and disputed areas are shown in italics, all United Nations member states are included, except North Korea. Taiwan is listed as a sovereign country, number Of Internet Users Worldwide Dominican Republic Internet Users

35.
List of countries by public debt
–
This is a list of countries by public debt to GDP ratio as listed by Eurostat for the EU and by CIAs World Factbook 2012 for the rest of the world. It is the total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a countrys home currency. Gross government debt is the most relevant data for discussions of government default and it is different from external debt, which includes the foreign currency liabilities of non-government entities. The figures here are represented as a percentage of gross domestic product. The public debt relative information provided by national sources is not always objective and true, note that net debt figures are included where gross debt figures are unavailable in the CIA set

List of countries by public debt
–
Total (gross) government debt as a percent of GDP by IMF (2012)
List of countries by public debt
–
Public debt as a percent of GDP by CIA (2012)

36.
Gross domestic product
–
Gross Domestic Product is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period. Nominal GDP estimates are used to determine the economic performance of a whole country or region. The OECD defines GDP as a measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident and institutional units engaged in production. ”An IMF publication states that GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services - that is. Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of industry or sector of the economy. The ratio of GDP to the population of the region is the per capita GDP. William Petty came up with a concept of GDP to defend landlords against unfair taxation during warfare between the Dutch and the English between 1652 and 1674. Charles Davenant developed the method further in 1695, the modern concept of GDP was first developed by Simon Kuznets for a US Congress report in 1934. In this report, Kuznets warned against its use as a measure of welfare, after the Bretton Woods conference in 1944, GDP became the main tool for measuring a countrys economy. The switch from GNP to GDP in the US was in 1991, the history of the concept of GDP should be distinguished from the history of changes in ways of estimating it. The value added by firms is relatively easy to calculate from their accounts, but the value added by the sector, by financial industries. GDP can be determined in three ways, all of which should, in principle, give the same result and they are the production approach, the income approach, or the expenditure approach. The most direct of the three is the approach, which sums the outputs of every class of enterprise to arrive at the total. The income approach works on the principle that the incomes of the factors must be equal to the value of their product. This approach mirrors the OECD definition given above, deduct intermediate consumption from gross value to obtain the gross value added. Gross value added = gross value of output – value of intermediate consumption, value of output = value of the total sales of goods and services plus value of changes in the inventories. The sum of the value added in the various economic activities is known as GDP at factor cost. GDP at factor cost plus indirect taxes less subsidies on products = GDP at producer price, for measuring output of domestic product, economic activities are classified into various sectors. Subtracting each sectors intermediate consumption from gross output gives the GDP at factor cost, adding indirect tax minus subsidies in GDP at factor cost gives the GDP at producer prices

37.
List of countries by GDP (PPP)
–
This article includes a list of countries by their gross domestic product, the value of all final goods and services produced within a state in a given year. Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, the GDP dollar data given on this page are derived from purchasing power parity calculations. It is however limited when measuring financial flows between countries, PPP is often used to gauge global poverty thresholds and is used by the United Nations in constructing the human development index. These surveys such as the International Comparison Program include both tradable and non-tradable goods in an attempt to estimate a representative basket of all goods. The first table includes estimates for the year 2016, for all current 187 International Monetary Fund members, as well as Hong Kong, data are in millions of international dollars and were calculated by the IMF. Figures were published in April 2015, the second table includes data mostly for the year 2015 for 180 of the 193 current United Nations member states, as well as the two Chinese Special Administrative Regions. Data are in billions of dollars and were compiled by the World Bank. The third table is a tabulation of the CIA World Factbook Gross Domestic Product data update of 2016, the data for GDP at purchasing power parity have also been rebased using the new International Comparison Program price surveys and extrapolated to 2007. Click on one of the triangles in the headings to re-order the list according to that category. ^a Chinas PPP is based on prices for 11 administrative regions, extrapolated to the country. Chinas entry does not include the two administrative regions, namely Hong Kong and Macau. List of Muslim Countries by GDP Purchasing Power Parity at Materia Islamica

List of countries by GDP (PPP)
–
World Share of GDP (PPP) according to data released by the IMF, October 2014

38.
List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
–
The gross domestic product per capita figures on this page are derived from PPP calculations. Such calculations are prepared by various organizations, including the International Monetary Fund and this is why GDP per capita is often considered one of the indicators of a countrys standard of living, although this can be problematic because GDP per capita is not a measure of personal income. Several economies which are not considered to be sovereign states are included in the list because they appear in the sources and these economies are not ranked in the following tables, but are listed in sequence for comparison. Non-sovereign entities, former countries or other groupings are marked in italics. All figures are in current Geary–Khamis dollars, more known as international dollars

List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita

39.
List of countries by GDP (PPP) per hour worked
–
The GDP per hour worked is a measure of the productivity of a country when not taking into account unemployment or hours worked per week. GDP stands for gross domestic product normalised to purchasing power parities, the data of the following list comes from The Conference Board and Eurostat. GDP is measured in purchasing power parity, normalised to 2013 US dollar and it is calculated from 2005 EKS PPP estimates from Penn World Tables, updated with GDP deflator changes. Work is measured as hours worked during the year in employee and self-employment jobs

List of countries by GDP (PPP) per hour worked
–
List of countries by GDP (PPP) per hour worked (section)

40.
List of countries by GDP (nominal)
–
Gross domestic product is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year. Countries are sorted by nominal GDP estimates from financial and statistical institutions, such fluctuations may change a countrys ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference in the standard of living of its population. Comparisons of national wealth are also made on the basis of purchasing power parity. On the whole, PPP per capita figures are less spread than nominal GDP per capita figures, india has also experienced a similar economic boom since the implementation of neoliberal reforms in the early 1990s. When supranational entities are included, the European Union is the second largest economy in the world and it was the largest from 2004, when ten countries joined the union, to 2014, after which it was surpassed by the United States. Several economies which are not considered to be countries are included in the lists because they appear in the sources as distinct economies and these economies are italicized and not ranked in the charts, but are listed where applicable. List of countries by GDP List of countries by GDP per capita List of countries by GDP per capita

List of countries by GDP (nominal)
–
A map of world economies by size of GDP (nominal) in USD, World Bank, 2014.

41.
List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
–
The world sorted by their gross domestic product per capita at nominal values. Such fluctuations may change a countrys ranking from one year to the next, therefore, these figures should be used with caution. GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a standard of living. Comparisons of national income are also made on the basis of purchasing power parity. PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem but not others, it does not reflect the value of output in international trade. On the whole, PPP per capita figures are more spread than nominal GDP per capita figures. Non-sovereign entities are included in the list because they appear in the sources and these economies are not ranked in the charts here, but are listed in sequence by GDP for comparison. All data are in current United States dollars

List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita
–
> $129,696

42.
List of countries by GDP sector composition
–
This is a list of countries by gross domestic product sector composition. Agricultural sector Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the raising of plants. Agricultural output is a component of the GDP of a nation, industrial sector Industry is the segment of economy concerned with production of goods. Industrial output is a component of the GDP of a nation and it includes mining and extraction sectors. Service sector A service is the equivalent of a good. Service provision is defined as an activity that does not result in ownership. It is claimed to be a process that creates benefits by facilitating either a change in customers, service output is a component of the GDP of a nation. The service sector includes farm and factory related activities, - IMF GDP Sector composition, Field Listing - GDP composition by sector