HGOd is a utility for creating Denial of Service attacks, SYN is one of the switches that can be used for to create a specific attack type, i.e. syn floods

BAD_TCP_FLAG

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This indicates a TCP frame was received with inappropriate flags, syn/fin back-to-back. This can be used by something like nmap when probing for OS types, as different operating systems respond differently.

L4 refers to layer 4 in the OSI stack an example an L4 protocol is TCP. receipt of these frames could indicate probing for OS detection, based on windows size. As with the TCP bad Flag, different operating systems respond differently.

DoS MS-SQL Slammer Worm

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A older worm used to exploit an old version of Microsoft SQL server.

Most of these could simpley be background traffic, such is the Internet. However, if you're seeing these in high quantities, you may want to investigate further, as some of them can degrade bandwidth.