I have been wanting to develop some Gnome Shell extensions since they are just in javascript, however I have been looking and there is practically zero documentation, everywhere I look people just say to use the basic Gnome documentation, but this does NOT help, I can not find any documentation for the imports for extensions, or any kind of javascript api for the extension development, I tried looking through some of the tutorials (most of which are for Gnome 3.0, not 3.2), but nothing is helping.

Does anyone know if they are in progress of writing documentation for extension development? I would really love some good documentation...

3 Answers
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The reason I'm not happy with the demo code and tutorials is that they introduce a bunch of random imports and never explain what they are or how to use them. I'm constructing my own answer that others can add to, so that people can actually know what functions they can call, what they can import, etc.

There is generated documentation for Gnome Shell, but it is somewhat incomplete — I couldn't find most of the things I saw in various tutorials, examples and published extensions.

The only really reliable documentation is the Gnome Shell source itself. There simply isn't any other up-to-date or complete way to know what's available.

The C source shows that there is an important object called global that doesn't need to be imported, and provides access to things like the window manager (including keybindings), the session information, the screens available and other such things. Here's the source:

A note on the looking glass: There are some quirks about using these imports in the looking glass though — I wasted a lot of time just trying to test things out on the fly. For example:

const Clutter = imports.gi.Clutter;

...won't work, because Clutter already exists. But then:

const MyClutter = imports.gi.Clutter;

...also won't work; MyClutter is undefined and can't be used. You have to do:

MyClutter = imports.gi.Clutter;

Of course, in this case Clutter already exists, so it's not really necessary. But since it's not documented what is and isn't already in the looking glass namespace, if you try to import something and have these problems, keep it in mind.

Remaining questions:

What is Mainloop? This is imported in main.js and appears to have functions related to the GLib main loop. Is there documentation for this?

What is imports.misc? It seems to have some really useful things in there, like ExtensionUtils — what's that?