Orphaned at an early age, Ḥāfiẓ displayed a gift for music as a child and in 1948 graduated from the Academy of Arabic Music. In 1952 he performed a series of public concerts, and he quickly became one of the most popular singers in the Arab world, singing many tunes composed by the noted Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. He was dubbed the “Tan Nightingale,” and no one was considered his equal in singing such songs as “Sāfīnī Marrah” and “ʿAlā Qadd al-Shawq.” Despite Ḥāfiẓ’s love of native Egyptian music, he felt that the Moog synthesizer (akin to an electronic organ) and other Western instruments could enrich the music that he sang. He also appeared in numerous movies, including Lahn El Wafaa (1955; “Song of Truth”) and Abi foq al-Shagara (1969; “My Father up a Tree”). In the mid-1950s, he began yearly treatments in London for schistosomiasis (bilharzia), an infectious parasitic disease that eventually took his life. More than 100,000 grief-stricken mourners thronged the streets of Cairo as the funeral procession made its way through the city.