The first part of this report characterizes the many facets of the population problem (including biological, economic, and social aspects), suggests a list of areas in which the Federal Government should emphasize research (reproductive biology; fertility regulation techniques and materials; description, determinants, consequences of population size, distribution, characteristics, and trends; and research on effective implementation of population programs), outlines the interests of Federal agencies in these areas, recommends that a standing committee on population research be established and that each Federal agency consider the listed needs for research when planning its program. The second part of the report classifies ongoing research supported by Federal agencies into the areas described in part one. The subcategories in each area are listed in an appendix. An investigator index and two appendices, presenting material sent to each agency for collecting the survey data and one summarizing the findings, are included. (AL)