Diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Diagnosis often starts when someone sees their doctor for certain symptoms like painless, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, collarbone, armpit, or groin. For some, swollen lymph nodes are found incidentally during a physical exam or chest x-ray.

There are several noncancerous reasons why lymph nodes maybe swollen. Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, and family and medical history. Lymph nodes throughout the body will be carefully examined. The doctor will check other areas of the body, such as the spleen and liver, for swelling. If there are no obvious reasons for these symptoms, a blood disorder may be suspected

Diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A lymph node biopsy is the only way to confirm a diagnosis. During the biopsy, all or part of a lymph node is removed. The tissue is examined under a microscope to look for specific types of cancer cells. The presence of these cells help determine the type of lymphoma present. Types of biopsies include:

Exisional—Most common. The entire lymph node is removed in an open procedure.

Incisional—A small part of the node is removed during an open procedure.

Fine needle aspiration—A thin needle is inserted into the lymph node. Lymph tissue and fluid removed with a syringe.

Core needle—A larger, hollow needle is inserted into the lymph node. Lymph tissue and fluid are removed with a syringe.

Staging of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

If non-Hodgkin lymphoma is confirmed, the results from the biopsy and new tests will help determine the stage of the cancer. Staging is used to identify characteristics of the cancer. Staging as well as other information like age and overall health will help develop the prognosis and treatment plan.

Staging Tests

Staging is determined by a number of factors. Tests will vary by individual, but may include:

Blood tests to look for abnormal numbers of certain blood cells, proteins, indications of cancer, and abnormal cells. The tests may also show changes in kidney or liver function.

Imaging tests may be used to evaluate the extent of cancer and involved organs. Some tests use contrast material to highlight structures so images are more clear and detailed. Imaging tests may depend on suspected location of cancer based on symptoms, but may include:

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.