Bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) manifest as urinary frequency,urgency, incontinence and incomplete bladder emptying. Existing treatmentsameliorate but do not eliminate most symptoms, leading to financial and personalburdens attributable to sustained medical therapies that may last a lifetime.The purpose of this review is to highlight evidence of causal associationsbetween LUTS and several common comorbidities, including intermittent hypoxia(IH) concomitant with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, metabolic syndromeand type 2 diabetes. Links between these conditions, including therapiestargeted to co-occurring complications that have demonstrated benefits for LUTS,suggest compelling avenues of research and also underscore critical gaps inunderstanding the mechanisms underlying urinary dysfunction. These gaps areprominent in the IH field, where an acknowledged link between OSA and LUTS hasgone largely uninvestigated. New tools, models, or reappropriation of existingones, especially rodent models, is required to parse the associations betweenIH/OSA, LUTS and obesity/diabetes and to elucidate their underlying, andpotentially shared, etiologies.