Just exactly what race were the original Egiptians ? Many wonder why the beautiful walls of Egipt were re-sketched and re-painted numerous times by European archeologists who spend millions of dollars in Egipt trying re-sketch tye walls of Egipt into Europeans , Asians

and mediteranean feastures , lightening up the skin complexion , changing the hair texture and everything you can think of to deceive you . Exactly what are the Europeans hiding from the world ? I'll tell you what . They're trying to hide the true identity of these woolly haired

dark skinned , beautiful featured , and let's not forget the well developed bodies of the original Egiptians . They can't let us have anything . There is no way that you can hide the race of the Egiptians , who were Melaninite pigmented people . These Melaninite people .

These Melaninite people are the black eace ? Why is it that the Egiptians were known to have had the most complete and detailed records of every aspect of life , but when it comes down to race , that record is just not recorded , but they are wrong .

It was just not reconrded in their names . Just like the word Caucasian literally means you are from the Caucus mountains between the Black and Caspian sea of Europe . The Egiptian were from Kemet or Kham as stated in your Bible Old Testament Genesis 5 ; 32 worded as ''

Cham [ khawm ] 2 ) in late usage , a collective name for Egyptians , so you see the word Kham , is an Egiptian word and means '' Blacks '' was borrowed by the Hebrews from Egipt . You can find this information in a book authored by E.A.Wallis Budge , in an Egiptian

Hieroglyphic dictionary on page 787 where he says that ; Kam or Kami means '' to be black '' . This is where Kham or Ham who was the son Noah of your Bible in the Old Testament came from Genesis 5 ; 32 , And I Quote ; '' And Noah Was Five Hundred Years Old ; And Noah Begat Shem , Ham , And Japheth '' .

So the original Egiptian race is very clear are real . In ancient Egipt , they had names for other Races also , starting with the Europeans who they also called Pa Tammahu . They also called the Caucasians Pa Tutaat , and the Egiptian were called '' Khamite '' blacks or Kemet , by all who saw them . However they did not call themselves Khamite .

What you see in Egipt today are not the original Egiptians . ( The Are Turks From Turkey Who Roamed The Altal Mountains , and Gypsy's From Armenis . ) < These People Are Trying To Pretend Like They Are The Egiptians , But They Are Not .

They Are Mixed With The Indo - Arabs From Arabia They Also Have The Greek's Gene In Them , But They Are Not The Original Egiptians . > THE EGIPTIANS DID NOT HAVE STRAUGHT , CURLY OR WAVY HAIR , NOR WERE THEY LIGHT SKINNED , WITH PINK AND CREAM PIGMENTATION OF THEIR SKIN .

( They Were Dark Brown To Black Nuwbuns ( Nuwaubians ) With Nappy , Woolly Hair . The Black Race's Greatness Has Been Accepted In America And Many Books As People Of Tim-buktu Africa , Or The Olme-cians From Uganda , Africa

Who Migrated And Walked Here To The North And South America To Set Up Colonies Way Before The Conti-nental Drift , And Were Accepted As Runing The Richest Trading Expeditions Ever . But when it comes down to us ( Blacks In The Western World Today ,

Who Are Trying To Claim Back Our True Culture And Nationality As The Egiptians ) Who Were Chased Out Of Our Homes The World Tries To Hide It . ( They Don't Mind Us Being Christians , Muslims , Israelite Hebrews , Africans , 5 Percenters Or Indians , But They Don't

Want Us To Link With Our Ancestor's ' Culture. You Can't Hide The Fact That The Egiptians Were Black , And That We Are The True Egiptians ! And I Will Prove It By Showing You Face To Face , Features Of The Same People , Walking Around Today , But Yet Have The

Exact Same Features Of The Egiptians , PICTURES DON'T LIE . Just Like The Europeans Accepted Us Nuwbuns ( Nuwaubians ) To Be The First Set-tlers Of America , Accept Us Now As The Race Of Egipt , Who Came Here And Settled From Uganda ( Egipt ) .

Accept The Fact That We Were The Pharaohs , Goddesses , Scribes , Alchemist , Pyramid Builders , Musicians , Dancers . And Great Inventors Of Our-History . Accept The Fact That We As Egiptian Were Black Rulers , And Pure As Ever !! All You Have To Do Is LQQk On

The Walls Of Sumeria And Egipt . And There You Will Find Yourself , The Negroid . You Will Find Your Blackness In South America And Central America As The Faces Of The Olmecs Long Before The Caucasoid And Mongoloid Came Here , These Olmecs Had Obvious

Negroid Features And Kinky Hair , Which No Other Race Or Animal On The Planet Earth Have . These States Reveal The Truth About Who The Indigenous People Of The Continents Of Africa , And North And South America Were , As Well As The Whole Planet Earth .

First , We Are The MOTHER And FATHER Of All Other Races , And Secondly Know That They Are All Our Children . You Really Only Have Three Races ;
1 , Negroid
2 . Mongoloid
3 . Caucasoid

The 2nd And 3rd Race Came From The First Original Black ( Negroid ) ! As True Egiptian , We Are Confirmed On The Walls Of Every Temple , Mir ( Pyramid ) Sebkhet ( Pylon ) , Granite Stone And Tekenu ( Obelisk Nee-dle ) There Is . So Europeans Denying The True Race Of The Egiptians ?

We Are The Indigenous People Of Egipt , The Tahites '' Or The Tu'af . We Are Descendants . From Tah Who Was Also Called Ptah Meaning '' Opener '' These Names Preceded Egipt Which Is A Greek Word Called Aheegooptos Meaning '' Burnt Scorched Faces '' AsWell As The Word Kemet , Which Comes From Kham , The Son Of Noah And Naamah In Your Bible Old Testament Genesis 5 ; 13 And I Quote , And Cainan lived after he begat Mahalaleel eight hundred and forty years . and begat sons and daughters ;

It Also Precedes His Son Mitsrayim - Bible Old Testament Genesis 10 ; 6 And I Quote ; And the son of Ham ; Cush , and Mizraim , and Phut , and Canaan ,
And Misr Which Is The Name Used Today By Arabic Speaking Anglo - Egiptian Muslims In Their 1400 Years Old Quraan In Surah 12 Verse 99 And I Quote ; So when they ( brothers of Yosafe and their parents ) entered on Yosafe , hisparents took refuge unto him ; and he ( Yosafe ) said ; You enter Egypt / Mitzrayim , having faith . ( feeling secure ) if Allah pleases ;...

The Hyksos ( which means '' Shepherd Kings '' dynasty were light - skinned mixed Arabs And Greeks with straight hair and Syrian Phoenician features . There were allowed to invade Egipt after the great Pharaoh Khufu Removed The Immigration Ban So That The Egiptians Can Accept His Son's Rahotep Mixed Wife Nofret Who was Of A Mixed Race . This Is Why He Is Help In Such Great Esteem By Europeans And Is The Reason Why His Face Is Used On The Masonic Shriners Symbol . ( We , As Egiptians , Did Not Invite The Europeans To Our Home .

They Invaded Our Home Land Africa , Just Like They Invaded America , And China . The Caucasians Stole All Of Out Natural Resources From Gold To Lapis Lazuli , To Malachite And Diamonds , They Stole South Africa Minerals . As Well As Their Birth Rite , And Culture , Then Left And Some Even Had The Nerve To Stay . The Same Incident Happened To The Egiptians . The Egiptians ' Land Was Invaded By Merely Being Generous , And Kind Hearted To These Different European '' Tammahu '' And Caucasian '' Tutaat '' Tribes ) .

Who Took The Egiptian's Kindness For Weakness , They Tied Into The Vine And Mixed Their Blood To Lessen Our Culture Of Nature's Respect And The Worshipping Of Our Ancestors , And Stomp Out Our Beautiful . They Replaced It With Their Monotheistic Beliefs In Spookism ( The Worship Of Nothingness , Of The Invisible . And Uncultured Practices ) . Archeologists And Many Historians Of Every Nationality Can Confirm That Egiptians Were Nubians / Nuwbuns / Black .

TakeA Good LQQk At OurBody Form , Our Face Structure , Our Hair Texture And The Like Of Nubians / Black People Today , And You See We Are One And The Same . ( Ask Yourself Why We As Nubains / Blacks People Are The Only Human Beings On The Planet With Woolly Hair , 9 Ether Hair .) . The Europeans just don't want to accept us , Nubians , as Egiptians , The European race have no pictures on any wall for that matter telling of their History or Existence .

It is simply because they can not verify themselves as a part of any His - Story or Culture , and this is why , Its because the Europeans = '' Pa Tamahu '' And The Caucasians '' Pa Tutaat '' cannot trace back their His - Story . Everybody knows that the original Ancient Egiptian Were Nubian / Blacks / Negroids . These Mixed Seeds In Egypt Today Are Trying To Pass Themselves Off As Egiptians , But They Are Indo - Arabs , Turks . Gypsy's , Greeks , Europeans , And The Likes . They Have Mixed Their Seed With Nubians ,

Egiptians , Ethiopians , Sudanese , Nigerians , Native Americans Haitians , And The Rest Of The Black Race There Is . ( They are NOT and I Re- peat Are NOT the Original Egiptians . It is easy for them to try to make the claim that they are Egiotians because Pale Skinned People Are Occupying Our Mother Land Today And Making Films , Documentaries And Movies That Give The Starring Roles To The White Race .< Sex and Race: Negro-Caucasian Mixing in All Ages and All Lands : The Old Worldby J.A. Rogers >>>
In 1967 A.D. An Author Name J.A. Rogers Wrote A Book Entitled '' Sex And Race ''

. And Inside That Book On Page 46 , Where He Tell You That The Pharaohs Were Negroes , He States And I Quote ; ( Some of the faces of the rulers of this dynasty are clearly Negrold , The founder of the third dynasty , Sa - Nekht , Was AFull Blooded Negro , A Type Commonly Seen In The Egyptian Army Today , '' Then On Page 48 He Goes On To Say ; ''' E..A. W, Budge Gives A List Of The Egiptian God That Originated In The Sudan , The Land Of The Negroes , And Says '' There Is Little Doubt That The Great god of Tattu '' Memphis '' Ptah Was Originally A Great Handicraftsman And Worker In Metals Who Was Deified .

It Was The Negroes In The South Who Introduced TheUse Of Iron Into Ancient Egypt , Prehistoric Iron Furnaces Discovered In Northern Rhodesia , Almost In The Heart Of Africa , By Nino Del Grande , Show That The Negro Knew The Use Of Iron Unto;d Centuries Before The European , Archaeologists Generally Agree That It Was The Negro Who First Discovered The Secret Of Iron .) With every proven document that confirms that the Egiptians were BLACK , the Europeans Society Denies It . But They Will Not Be Able To Keep Hiding The Truth . Here Is One Case That Has Been Filed Against The Federal Govenment . This Article Was Taken Out JET Magazine Dated For June 23, 1997 A.D. for Jet Magazine June 23 , 1997 A.D. >>

'' A dark -skinned Egiptian Immigreant recently filed a sult in Detroit to get the federal government to change his racial classification from White to Black . The man , Mostafa Hefny , 46 , said his classification is based solely on his country of origin , and it has kept him from seeking jobs , grants , scholarships and loans as a member of a minerity groups . . Hefny said although he's from Egypt his ancestry is from the Ancient Black Kingdom of Nubia , now a part of modern Egypt and Sudan . His Suit Targets of Management and Budget , which definer Blacks as having origins with the Black racial group of Africa and Whites as having origins from White to Black .

The man , Mostufa Hefny . 46 , said his classifcation is based solely on his country of origin .., Hefny a naturalized U.S. citizen , said his hair is Kinkier , his complexion is darker and his features are more African than Blacks such as Detroit Mayor Dennis Archer and retired Gen . Cloin Powell. '' I was born and raised in Africa and they were not , , he said '' And yet they are classified as Black and I am classified as White '' No court date had been set for thelawsuit .

This is just oneof the many cases of Egyptians being mistaken as white . Lots of Egyptians in Egypt know their roots and true nationality which is black . So like I said before, you can't hide our Race . Here is another subject taken outof a book entitled . '' Before Adam ; The Original '' Man , By Prince Cuba Book Before Adam By Prince Cuba >> And hegoes to state; Despite the fact that the Genesis account as received from Moses and other sources . is a plagiarism of the earlier Egyptian and Babylonian creation myths ,most of us do not have this knowledge , While the roots of Egypt and Babylonia are Cu****e/ Black and we have recived

the Bible from Europeans , it is from the latter that most of us have received its perspective , This has created a confusion in identity . Millions of people , as a result . have no sense of self-identity because of a lack of knowledge of themselves . The Bibles has been a graveyard for those without the understanding of it . Because of the lack of understanding , the lack of self-identity , and the lack of Right Knowledge , many have instead simply painted the characters in the Bible that are presented in a posittive , light as Black while ignoring the inconsistencies that might present themselves .

The Egyptians are represented as oppressive . the Babylonians as evil as are Nimrod , Ham , Canaan , and all the pharaohs . They are all Black ! ( Why Is It That So Many Authors Around The World Recognize The Egyptian As Black But They Don't Want To Accept The Fact That American Negroes ARE The Egiptian Race . Read On AndYou'll Find Out That Two Greek Historian Have To Say . Here Are Two Statements Made By Herodotus ( 484 - 425 B.C. A Greek Historian Known As The Father Of History , Born In Halicarnassus ( Now Bodrum , Turkey ) . He Has Been Exiled From Halicarnassus About 457 B.C. For Conspiring Against The Persian Rule ) .

( '' The Egiptians and Nubians have thick lips , broad noses , wooly hair and burnt skin ... and The Indian tribes have mentioned , their skins are all of the samecolor , much like the Ethiopians ... their country is a long way from persia towards the south ... signed ; Herodotus
And upon his Return to Greece they gathered around and asked '' Tell us about this great land of The Blackscalled Ethiopia '' And Herodotus said'' there are two great Ethiopian nations . one in Sind ( India ) And The Other In Egypt '' Recorded by Diodorus . The Greek Archaeologist Have Taken All Of TheInformation And Artifacts That Don't Agree With Their Doctrine And Birned Them By The Thousands . It May Be Cruel ButIt Is True ...

The Only People Who Don't Know This Is The Negro Race . They Don't Know HowGreat They Were And Can Be Again . AndThey Will Never KnowUntil They Do Their Homework .. Once You Find Out About Your Greatness , It Will Eliminate The Inferiority Complexes That You Have . This Is Why It Is Important To Teach The Youth The Facts And Don't Let Them Get Caught Up In Factasies And Fictions . < We Are The Original Egipiand , Alway Were And Way's Will Be

I personally don't believe they were very dark. Nor white. The greeks reffered to them as tanned. Also I would like to point out how on the walls the paintings relay certain skin colors. The beautiful and intriguing Queen Ahmose Nefertari and Nefertari (Ramsses the greats wife) were dipicted as very dark. Oh yeah and Queen tiye. They also showed Nubians and ethiopians as very dark. The majority of the egyptians were dipicted as tanned, maybe a reddish. Then I have seen priests and such dipicted as white. So I think they really blended together darker people with lighter people and many of them were tanned.

Tell me if I am wrong. I was just throughing some stuff out there. I partially agree with you, their were a lot of darker people.

Most modern egyptians do not look much like sub saharan africans (except the nubians who are a separate group).
Aparently copts are paler than moslems and due to the laws about christians having to convert in mixed marriages they are nearer the pharonic Egyptians than the moslems.

The Ancient Egyptians are proven to have been an indigneous Northeast African population, most closely related to more Southerly Northeast African population.

Quote:

"There is now a sufficient body of evidence from modern studies of skeletal remains to indicate that the ancient Egyptians, especially southern Egyptians, exhibited physical characteristics that are within the range of variation for ancient and modern indigenous peoples of the Sahara and tropical Africa.. In general, the inhabitants of Upper Egypt and Nubia had the greatest biological affinity to people of the Sahara and more southerly areas." (Nancy C. Lovell, " Egyptians, physical anthropology of," in Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, ed. Kathryn A. Bard and Steven Blake Shubert, ( London and New York: Routledge, 1999) pp 328-332)

That means that the Ancient Egyptians had it's closest biolgocial affinities with Tropical/Sub Saharan/Black Africans

Quote:

"Analysis of crania is the traditional approach to assessing ancient population origins, relationships, and diversity. In
studies based on anatomical traits and measurements of crania, similarities have been found between Nile Valley crania from 30,000, 20,000 and 12,000 years ago and various African remains from more recent times (see Thoma 1984; Brauer and Rimbach 1990; Angel and Kelley 1986; Keita 1993). Studies of crania from southern predynastic Egypt, from the formative period (4000-3100 B.C.), show them usually to be more similar to the crania of ancient Nubians, Kushites, Saharans, or modern groups from the Horn of Africa than to those of dynastic northern Egyptians or ancient or modern southern Europeans." (S. O. Y and A.J. Boyce, "The Geographical Origins and Population Relationships of Early Ancient Egyptians", in Egypt in
Africa, Theodore Celenko (ed), Indiana University Press, 1996, pp. 20-33)

Quote:

"overall population continuity over the Predynastic and early Dynastic, and high levels of genetic heterogeneity, thereby suggesting that state formation occurred as a mainly indigenous process." (Zakrzewski, S.R. (2007). "Population continuity or population change: Formation of the ancient Egyptian state". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132 (4): 501-509)

Quote:

"Overall, when the Egyptian crania are evaluated in a Near Eastern (Lachish) versus African (Kerma, Kebel Moya, Ashanti) context) the affinity is with the Africans. The Sudan and Palestine are the most appropriate comparative regions which would have 'donated' people, along with the Sahara and Maghreb. Archaeology validates looking to these regions for population flow (see Hassan 1988)... Egyptian groups showed less overall affinity to Palestinian and Byzantine remains than to other African series, especially Sudanese." (Keita 1993)

Quote:

"There is no archaeological, linguistic, or historical data which indicate a European or Asiatic invasion of, or migration to, the Nile Valley during First Dynasty times. Previous concepts about the origin of the First Dynasty Egyptians as being somehow external to the Nile Valley or less native are not supported by archaeology... In summary, the Abydos First Dynasty royal tomb contents reveal a notable craniometric heterogeneity. Southerners predominate. (Kieta, S. (1992) Further Studies of Crania From Ancient Northern Africa: An Analysis of Crania From First Dynasty Egyptian Tombs, Using Multiple Discriminant Functions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 87:245-254)"

Quote:

"An examination of the distance hierarchies reveals the Badarian series to be more similar to the Teita in both analyses and always more similar to all of the African series than to the Norse and Berg groups (see Tables 3A & 3B and Figure 2). Essentially equal similarity is found with the Zalavar and Dogon series in the 11-variable analysis and with these and the Bushman in the one using 15 variables. The Badarian series clusters with the tropical African groups no matter which algorithm is employed (see Figures 3 and 4).. In none of them did the Badarian sample affiliate with the European series."(S.O.Y. Keita. Early Nile Valley Farmers from El-Badari: Aboriginals or "European" Agro-Nostratic Immigrants? Craniometric Affinities Considered With Other Data. Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 191-208 (2005)

Quote:

German Institute for Archaeology -excavation of the tombs of the nobles in Thebes-West, Upper Egypt. In several of the noble specimens:
"The basal epithelial cells were packed with melanin as expected for specimens of Negroid origin."
(Determination of optimal rehydration, fixation and staining methods for histological and immunohistochemical analysis of mummified soft tissues", Biotechnic & Histochemistry 2005, 80(1): 7_/13)

The were not negroid. Look on the walls that they painted and you will see a distiction between them and the black race, they called Nubians. It doesn't take a great scientist to tell that they separated themselves from the Nubians. Look at the skin color of modern Egyptians. Look at Dr. Hawss. His skin color. The Egyptians were a copper colored race. Some were light copper colored or deep copper colored. When I visit a beech in America and watch the sun lovers sunbathing that have white skin, by the end of the summer they have a beautiful copper colored tan. Why? Because we have a chemical in our skin called melanen which protects the skin from the sun. If you gradully allow your body to be sun bathed over a long hot summer, you will become a very tanned skin person. Did you ever hear of Coppertone sun tan lotion. Well the Egyptians had this natural tanned skin color to protect them from the sun. Bieng copper toned is what the Ancient Egyptians had as their natural skin color.They are part of the Mediteranean Caucasoid people living there with an olive/copper/tanned skin. Look at the bust of Nefertiti. What does she look like. Look on the walls of the tombs. What color do the Egyptians paint themselves? Tan. I can't stand this race argument that the Egyptians were black. So will the black people stop saying that the Ancient Egyptians were black. If they were I would be the first person to accept this, but it's not true.

The Egyptian who did the bust of Nefertiti painted her the wrong color, and was executed by beheading. The reconstructed head of King Tut is also the wrong color. They are planning to recolor it, so no one else gets executed.

I looked at an ancient map of Asia. It extended from the border of Africa to the end of the border of Russia, then it covered all of China and Southeast Asia of today. That is a huge area. Who knows who occupied the banks of the Nile 6,7,8000 years ago. People were migrating all over the place and intermarrying. The Ancient Egyptians were neither black nor white. They were inbetween. They were not whites laying out in the sun getting a tan. They were born that way. How did they get that way. Though mixing and marrying with everyone and so were other people not Egyptian. I am white, but I don't consider the Ancient Eyptians white. They were a mixed race that came about over 6-10000 years ago. Can I prove this. No. Just look at the walls of the Temples and tombs and how the Egyptians painted and viewed themselves.

That is a huge area. Who knows who occupied the banks of the Nile 6,7,8000 years ago.

I think it's silly that some people consistantly pretend as though this is just a mystery that cannot be solved, when in reality there is a plethora of biological and archaeological evidence with a general concesus which answers this question.

Quote:

People were migrating all over the place and intermarrying.

Mainstream archaeological and biological evidence finds that the migrations and intermarrying which lead to the formation of the Egyptian state was between Afro-Asiactic populations from Sub Saharan East Africa and Nilo Saharan speaking populations of the ancient Sahara:

Ancient Egyptian civilization was, in ways and to an extent usually not recognized, fundamentally African. The evidence of both language and culture reveals these African roots.

The origins of Egyptian ethnicity lay in the areas south of Egypt. The ancient Egyptian language belonged to the Afrasian family (also called Afroasiatic or, formerly, Hamito-Semitic). The speakers of the earliest Afrasian languages, according to recent studies, were a set of peoples whose lands between 15,000 and 13,000 B.C. stretched from Nubia in the west to far northern Somalia in the east. They supported themselves by gathering wild grains. The first elements of Egyptian culture were laid down two thousand years later, between 12,000 and 10,000 B.C., when some of these Afrasian communities expanded northward into Egypt, bringing with them a language directly ancestral to ancient Egyptian. They also introduced to Egypt the idea of using wild grains as food.

A new religion came with them as well. Its central tenet explains the often localized origins of later Egyptian gods: the earliest Afrasians were, properly speaking, neither monotheistic nor polytheistic. Instead, each local community, comprising a clan or a group of related clans, had its own distinct deity and centered its religious observances on that deity. This belief system persists today among several Afrasian peoples of far southwest Ethiopia. And as Biblical scholars have shown, Yahweh, god of the ancient Hebrews, an Afrasian people of the Semitic group, was originally also such a deity. The connection of many of Egypt's predynastic gods to particular localities is surely a modified version of this early Afrasian belief. Political unification in the late fourth millennium brought the Egyptian deities together in a new polytheistic system. But their local origins remain amply apparent in the records that have come down to us.

During the long era between about 10,000 and 6000 B.C., new kinds of southern influences diffused into Egypt. During these millennia, the Sahara had a wetter climate than it has today, with grassland or steppes in many areas that are now almost absolute desert. New wild animals, most notably the cow, spread widely in the eastern Sahara in this period.

One of the exciting archeological events of the past twenty years was the discovery that the peoples of the steppes and grasslands to the immediate south of Egypt domesticated these cattle, as early as 9000 to 8000 B.C. The societies involved in this momentous development included Afrasians and neighboring peoples whose languages belonged to a second major African language family, Nilo-Saharan (Wendorf, Schild, Close 1984; Wendorf, et al. 1982). The earliest domestic cattle came to Egypt apparently from these southern neighbors, probably before 6000 B.C., not, as we used to think, from the Middle East.

One major technological advance, pottery-making, was also initiated as early as 9000 B.C. by the Nilo-Saharans and Afrasians who lived to the south of Egypt. Soon thereafter, pots spread to Egyptian sites, almost 2,000 years before the first pottery was made in the Middle East.

Very late in the same span of time, the cultivating of crops began in Egypt. Since most of Egypt belonged then to the Mediterranean climatic zone, many of the new food plants came from areas of similar climate in the Middle East. Two domestic animals of Middle Eastern origin, the sheep and the goat, also entered northeastern Africa from the north during this era.

But several notable early Egyptian crops came from Sudanic agriculture, independently invented between 7500 and 6000 B.C. by the Nilo-Saharan peoples (Ehret 1993:104-125). One such cultivated crop was the edible gourd. The botanical evidence is confirmed in this case by linguistics: Egyptian bdt, or "bed of gourds" (Late Egyptian bdt, "gourd; cucumber"), is a borrowing of the Nilo-Saharan word *bud, "edible gourd." Other early Egyptian crops of Sudanic origin included watermelons and castor beans. (To learn more on how historians use linguistic evidence, see note at end of this article.)

Between about 5000 and 3000 B.C. a new era of southern cultural influences took shape. Increasing aridity pushed more of the human population of the eastern Sahara into areas with good access to the waters of the Nile, and along the Nile the bottomlands were for the first time cleared and farmed. The Egyptian stretches of the river came to form the northern edge of a newly emergent Middle Nile Culture Area, which extended far south up the river, well into the middle of modern-day Sudan. Peoples speaking languages of the Eastern Sahelian branch of the Nilo-Saharan family inhabited the heartland of this region.

From the Middle Nile, Egypt gained new items of livelihood between 5000 and 3000 B.C. One of these was a kind of cattle pen: its Egyptian name, s3 (earlier *sr), can be derived from the Eastern Sahelian term *sar. Egyptian pg3, "bowl," (presumably from earlier pgr), a borrowing of Nilo-Saharan *poKur, "wooden bowl or trough," reveals still another adoption in material culture that most probably belongs to this era.

One key feature of classical Egyptian political culture, usually assumed to have begun in Egypt, also shows strong links to the southern influences of this period. We refer here to a particular kind of sacral chiefship that entailed, in its earliest versions, the sending of servants into the afterlife along with the deceased chief. The deep roots and wide occurrence of this custom among peoples who spoke Eastern Sahelian languages strongly imply that sacral chiefship began not as a specifically Egyptian invention, but instead as a widely shared development of the Middle Nile Culture Area.

After about 3500 B.C., however, Egypt would have started to take on a new role vis-a-vis the Middle Nile region, simply because of its greater concentration of population. Growing pressures on land and resources soon enhanced and transformed the political powers of sacral chiefs. Unification followed, and the local deities of predynastic times became gods in a new polytheism, while sacral chiefs gave way to a divine king. At the same time, Egypt passed from the wings to center stage in the unfolding human drama of northeastern Africa.

A Note on the Use of Linguistic Evidence for History

Languages provide a powerful set of tools for probing the cultural history of the peoples who spoke them. Determining the relationships between particular languages, such as the languages of the Afrasian or the Nilo-Saharan family, gives us an outline history of the societies that spoke those languages in the past. And because each word in a language has its own individual history, the vocabulary of every language forms a huge archive of documents. If we can trace a particular word back to the common ancestor language of a language family, then we know that the item of culture connoted by the word was known to the people who spoke the ancestral tongue. If the word underwent a meaning change between then and now, a corresponding change must have taken place in the cultural idea or practice referred to by the word. In contrast, if a word was borrowed from another language, it attests to a thing or development that passed from the one culture to the other. The English borrowing, for example, of castle, duke, parliament, and many other political and legal terms from Old Norman French are evidence of a Norman period of rule in England, a fact confirmed by documents.

The Geographical Origins and Population Relationships of Early Ancient EgyptiansProfessor S.O.Y. Keita
Department of Biological Anthropology
Oxford University

Professor A. J. Boyce
University Reader in Human Population
Oxford University

What was the primary geographical source for the peopling of the Egyptian Nile Valley? Were the creators of the fundamental culture of southern predynastic Egypt—which led to the dynastic culture—migrants and colonists from Europe or the Near East? Or were they predominantly African variant populations?

These questions can be addressed using data from studies of biology and culture, and evolutionary interpretive models. Archaeological and linguistic data indicate an origin in Africa. Biological data from living Egyptians and from skeletons of ancient Egyptians may also shed light on these questions. It is important to keep in mind the long presence of humans in Africa, and that there should be a great range of biological variation in indigenous "authentic" Africans.

Scientists have been studying remains from the Egyptian Nile Valley for years. Analysis of crania is the traditional approach to assessing ancient population origins, relationships, and diversity. In studies based on anatomical traits and measurements of crania, similarities have been found between Nile Valley crania from 30,000, 20,000 and 12,000 years ago and various African remains from more recent times (see Thoma 1984; Brauer and Rimbach 1990; Angel and Kelley 1986; Keita 1993). Studies of crania from southern predynastic Egypt, from the formative period (4000-3100 B.C.), show them usually to be more similar to the crania of ancient Nubians, Ku****es, Saharans, or modern groups from the Horn of Africa than to those of dynastic northern Egyptians or ancient or modern southern Europeans.

Another source of skeletal data is limb proportions, which generally vary with different climatic belts. In general, the early Nile Valley remains have the proportions of more tropical populations, which is noteworthy since Egypt is not in the tropics. This suggests that the Egyptian Nile Valley was not primarily settled by cold-adapted peoples, such as Europeans.

Art objects are not generally used by biological anthropologists. They are suspect as data and their interpretation highly dependent on stereotyped thinking. However, because art has often been used to comment on the physiognomies of ancient Egyptians, a few remarks are in order. A review of literature and the sculpture indicates characteristics that also can be found in the Horn of (East) Africa (see, e.g., Petrie 1939; Drake 1987; Keita 1993). Old and Middle Kingdom statuary shows a range of characteristics; many, if not most, individuals depicted in the art have variations on the narrow-nosed, narrow-faced morphology also seen in various East Africans. This East African anatomy, once seen as being the result of a mixture of different "races," is better understood as being part of the range of indigenous African variation.

The descriptions and terms of ancient Greek writers have sometimes been used to comment on Egyptian origins. This is problematic since the ancient writers were not doing population biology. However, we can examine one issue. The Greeks called all groups south of Egypt "Ethiopians." Were the Egyptians more related to any of these "Ethiopians" than to the Greeks? As noted, cranial and limb studies have indicated greater similarity to Somalis, Ku****es and Nubians, all "Ethiopians" in ancient Greek terms.

There are few studies of ancient DNA from Egyptian remains and none so far of southern predynastic skeletons. A study of 12th Dynasty DNA shows that the remains evaluated had multiple lines of descent, including not surprisingly some from "sub-Saharan" Africa (Paabo and Di Rienzo 1993). The other lineages were not identified, but may be African in origin. More work is needed. In the future, early remains from the Nile Valley and the rest of Africa will have to be studied in this manner in order to establish the early baseline range of genetic variation of all Africa. The data are important to avoid stereotyped ideas about the DNA of African peoples.

The information from the living Egyptian population may not be as useful because historical records indicate substantial immigration into Egypt over the last several millennia, and it seems to have been far greater from the Near East and Europe than from areas far south of Egypt. "Substantial immigration" can actually mean a relatively small number of people in terms of population genetics theory. It has been determined that an average migration rate of one percent per generation into a region could result in a great change of the original gene frequencies in only several thousand years. (This assumes that all migrants marry natives and that all native-migrant offspring remain in the region.) It is obvious then that an ethnic group or nationality can change in average gene frequencies or physiognomy by intermarriage, unless social rules exclude the products of "mixed" unions from membership in the receiving group. More abstractly this means that geographically defined populations can undergo significant genetic change with a small percentage of steady assimilation of "foreign" genes. This is true even if natural selection does not favor the genes (and does not eliminate them).

Examples of regions that have biologically absorbed genetically different immigrants are Sicily, Portugal, and Greece, where the frequencies of various genetic markers (and historical records) indicate sub-Saharan and supra-Saharan African migrants.

This scenario is different from one in which a different population replaces another via colonization. Native Egyptians were variable. Foreigners added to this variability.

The genetic data on the recent Egyptian population is fairly sparse. There has not been systematic research on large samples from the numerous regions of Egypt. Taken collectively, the results of various analyses suggest that modern Egyptians have ties with various African regions, as well as with Near Easterners and Europeans. Egyptian gene frequencies are between those of Europeans and some sub-Saharan Africans. This is not surprising. The studies have used various kinds of data: standard blood groups and proteins, mitochondrial DNA, and the Y chromosome. The gene frequencies and variants of the "original" population, or of one of early high density, cannot be deduced without a theoretical model based on archaeological and "historical" data, including the aforementioned DNA from ancient skeletons. (It must be noted that it is not yet clear how useful ancient DNA will be in most historical genetic research.) It is not clear to what degree certain genetic systems usually interpreted as non-African may in fact be native to Africa. Much depends on how "African" is defined and the model of interpretation.

The various genetic studies usually suffer from what is called categorical thinking, specifically, racial thinking. Many investigators still think of "African" in a stereotyped, nonscientific (nonevolutionary) fashion, not acknowledging a range of genetic variants or traits as equally African. The definition of "African" that would be most appropriate should encompass variants that arose in Africa. Given that this is not the orientation of many scholars, who work from outmoded racial perspectives, the presence of "stereotypical" African genes so far from the "African heartland" is noteworthy. These genes have always been in the valley in any reasonable interpretation of the data. As a team of Egyptian geneticists stated recently, "During this long history and besides these Asiatic influences, Egypt maintained its African identity . . ." (Mahmoud et al. 1987). This statement is even more true in a wider evolutionary interpretation, since some of the "Asian" genes may be African in origin. Modern data and improved theoretical approaches extend and validate this conclusion.

In summary, various kinds of data and the evolutionary approach indicate that the Nile Valley populations had greater ties with other African populations in the early ancient period. Early Nile Valley populations were primarily coextensive with indigenous African populations. Linguistic and archaeological data provide key supporting evidence for a primarily African origin.

Paabo, S., and A. Di Rienzo, A molecular approach to the study of Egyptian history. In Biological Anthropology and the Study
of Ancient Egypt. V. Davies and R. Walker, eds. pp. 86-90. London: British Museum Press. 1993

The biological evidence seems to support that the early inhabitants of Kemet were from tropical Africa. I'm not aware of any tropically adapted African population that is not considered "black" by Western definition of the social term. Therefore logically the ancient Egyptians were "black".

They were inbetween.....They were a mixed race that came about over 6-10000 years ago.[/QUOTE]

The ancient Egyptians were an indigenous Northeast African population most similar appearance wise with Somalis, Ethiopians, and most of all the ancient Nubians. Notice in the dendrogram below in the time prior to the New Kingdom/Late period the biological affinities lies with the populations mentioned earlier (google the names of the sites and populations that you aren't familiar with on the dendrogram):

Now using common sense here...If your theory is that they were mixed race, as opposed to them being prodominantly or entirely of one race then the evidence presented would dictate which stance holds more merrit, right? The latter seems to be supported by mainstream biological research, whereas the former has yet to be cited by any credible source.

Quote:

Just look at the walls of the Temples and tombs and how the Egyptians painted and viewed themselves.

The man above is an indigenous Sub Saharan African man not "mixed race" and his dark reddish brown skintone is identical to the ancient Egyptians depicted in the mural above. Also notice of the five depicted races/skintone variations the ancient Egyptians depict themselves as the second darkest after the Dinka Nubians (the blackest people in Africa).

Here is the picture that I meant to upload in my last post. Below is the ancient Egyptian depiction of King Tut and a group of Ethiopian children with the same dark reddish brown skintone seen in the mural in Seti's tomb posted above and the statue:

The idea that the original Egyptians were somehow distinct from all other dark skinned Africans is one of the biggest lies that the Western world has put out. The evidence is as clear as day that the early ancient Egyptians were what we would consider "black", but some racist simply cannot bring themselves to concede to what they know deep down is the truth.

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