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major reference

A number of electronic speech synthesizers have been constructed in various phonetic laboratories in the latter half of the 20th century. Some of these are named the “Coder,” “Voder,” and “Vocoder,” which are abbreviations for longer names (e.g., “Voder” standing for Voice Operation Demonstrator). In essence, they are electrical…

role in phonetic analysis

…gained from the use of speech synthesizers, which are instruments that take specifications of speech in terms of the acoustic factors summarized above and generate the corresponding sounds. Some speech synthesizers use electronic signal generators and amplifiers; others use digital computers to calculate the values of the required sound waves.…

use in information processing

In synthetic speech generation, digitally prestored sound elements are converted to analog sound signals and combined to form words and sentences. Digital-to-analog converters are available as inexpensive boards for microcomputers or as software for larger machines. Human speech is the most effective natural form of communication, and…