Cannabis use disorders are an important public health problem in the United States, but no effective pharmacotherapies are available to treat these disorders. People with schizophrenia are more likely than healthy people to abuse cannabis. Cannabis use may worsen clinical outcomes in this group, making the identification of pharmacotherapy to treat cannabis dependence in those with schizophrenia important. The investigators intend to test the combination of dronabinol, a cannabinoid agonist, and the α2-adrenergic agonist clonidine, for cannabis dependence in subjects with schizophrenia. The combination of dronabinol and clonidine may alleviate cannabis withdrawal symptoms while allowing treatment-seeking outpatients to benefit from medical management (MM) sessions when they are trying to stop using cannabis. The investigators propose to assess the relationship of dronabinol and clonidine, when added to MM, on cannabis use patterns in cannabis-dependent patients with schizophrenia.

Hypothesis: The investigators predict that combination pharmacotherapy of dronabinol and clonidine will significantly reduce cannabis use compared to those receiving placebo.

Subjects will receive either the combination of dronabinol and clonidine or placebo in addition to medical management (MM) over a 10-week treatment period. Following treatment completion, subjects will have follow-up visits until 14 weeks after treatment initiation. This pilot study will evaluate the feasibility of the combination of dronabinol and clonidine for cannabis dependence and will establish effect sizes for a larger trial.

Cannabis use disorders are highly prevalent in the United States and rising among high school seniors, making the identification of efficacious treatments for cannabis dependence of critical clinical and public health significance. Schizophrenia is overrepresented among those with cannabis dependence. At the completion of this study, the investigators hope to have improved our understanding of the relationship of the pharmacotherapy combination of dronabinol and clondine on cannabis use.

Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years to 45 Years (Adult)

Genders Eligible for Study:

Both

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Age range 18-45 years

DSM-IV diagnosis of cannabis dependence, based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)

DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)

express a desire to quit cannabis use within the next 30 days

have used cannabis on ≥20 days within the past 30 days (i.e., an average of ≥5 day per week)

identify cannabis as their primary drug of abuse; 6) stable on antipsychotic medication for ≥1 month

for women of childbearing age, a negative pregnancy test at screening with agreement to use adequate contraception to prevent pregnancy and monthly pregnancy tests

consent for us to communicate with their prescribing clinician if one exists

furnish the names of 2 locators, who would assist study staff in locating them during the study period

live close enough to McLean Hospital to attend study visits

plan to stay in the Boston area for the next 3 months

are willing and able to sign informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

Current diagnosis of other drug or alcohol dependence (excluding nicotine)

significant cardiac disease as indicated by history or suspected by abnormal ECG or history of cardiac symptoms

history of seizure disorder or history of head trauma or CNS insult that could predispose the subject to seizures

taking clozapine

current suicidal risk

bradycardia less than or equal to 50 bpm, supine blood pressure of less than or equal to 100/65, a seated blood pressure of less than or equal to 90/60, or orthostatic change of >20 systolic or >10 diastolic on standing, at screening or any pre-dose assessment, or symptoms attributable to low BP (i.e. lightheadedness or dizziness on standing)

mental retardation or organic mental disorder

currently in a residential treatment setting in which substance use is monitored and restricted, since the restricted access to drugs could represent an important confounding variable

pregnant, nursing, or, if a woman of childbearing potential, not using a form of birth control judged by the investigator to be effective

concomitant treatment with opioid analgesics, sedative hypnotics, or other known CNS depressants

known hypersensitivity to cannabinoids or sesame oil or clonidine

disease of the gastrointestinal system, liver, or kidneys that may impede metabolism or excretion of dronabinol

inability to read or write in English that would hinder their ability to follow study procedures

history of seizures or a family history of seizures.

Contacts and Locations

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below.
For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01598896