The ruler of Songhai, who helped build the largest empire in West Africa,
was

a.

Queen Nzinga.

c.

Sundiata.

b.

Sunni Ali.

d.

King Mutota.

17.

Which African kingdom developed in the African savannas?

a.

Kongo

c.

Mali

b.

Zimbabwe

d.

Benin

18.

The basis of African society was

a.

the military.

c.

the merchants.

b.

the traders.

d.

the family.

19.

Why were griots important to West African schooling?

a.

They kept alive the village’s oral history.

b.

They taught the
people how to read and write.

c.

They kept the Swahili language
alive.

d.

They set up schools throughout West Africa.

20.

What is the best title for this map?

a.

African Trade Routes

c.

The Kingdom of Mali

b.

Geography of North Africa

d.

The Sahara

21.

Which of the following describes trade in
Mali?

a.

Trade routes across the Sahara extended from Mali.

b.

Trade in Mali
depended only on water routes along the Mediterranean Sea.

c.

Mali depended on
trade routes south of the Sahara.

d.

Mali’s trade routes existed primarily on
the Nile River.

22.

In addition to trade, what else might have brought
people to Mali?

a.

the bustling city of Adulis

c.

the Senegal
River

b.

the peaks of the Atlas Mountains

d.

the center of learning in
Timbuktu

23.

Why does Japan lack fertile farmland?

a.

The climate is too hot.

b.

Much of the country is covered by
mountains.

c.

There is not enough precipitation.

d.

Much of the country is made up of rain
forests.

24.

The Yamato prince who created a strong government in Japan was

a.

Shotoku.

c.

Yoritomo.

b.

Kammu.

d.

Ashikaga.

25.

The early Japanese beliefs developed into the religion of

a.

Islam.

c.

Confucianism.

b.

Shinto.

d.

Buddhism.

26.

Under the Ashikaga shoguns, Japan was divided into small territories, headed by
powerful

a.

shoguns.

c.

princes.

b.

daimyos.

d.

samurai.

27.

Which of the following describes Zen Buddhism?

a.

It involved faith in Amida.

b.

It did not involve a simple way of
life.

c.

It involved meditation.

d.

It did not involve combat
sports

28.

Which group of people made up the largest group in European feudal
society?

a.

peasants

c.

kings

b.

knights

d.

lords and
ladies

29.

Which of the following principles was established by the Magna Carta?

a.

the king is above the law

b.

a person could be imprisoned indefinitely
without a trial

c.

a government’s power should be limited

d.

a government’s
power is unlimited

30.

Two kinds of vernacular literature that became popular in Europe during the
Middle Ages were troubadour poetry and

a.

religious writings.

c.

philosophy.

b.

the heroic epic.

d.

novels.

Crusade

Dates

Leaders

Purpose

Results

First Crusade

1096-1099

French nobles

To recapture Jerusalem from the
Muslim Turks

After a siege of almost two months, the crusaders captured Jerusalem and killed most of the
city’s Muslims and Jews.

Second
Crusade

1147-1149

King Louis VII, Emperor Conrad III

To recapture land in Palestine
lost to the Muslim Turks

The crusaders were defeated by the Muslim Turks.

Fourth Crusade

1202-1204

European
knights

To recapture Jerusalem

The crusaders seized Constantinople and divided the city with the
Venetians.

Children’s
Crusade

1212

Stephen of Cloyes

To recapture Jerusalem

Most children died or were
enslaved going to Jerusalem.

31.

Which crusade lasted from 1147-1149?

a.

First Crusade

c.

Third Crusade

b.

Second Crusade

d.

Fourth Crusade

32.

What was the main purpose of the Crusades?

a.

to send children to help fight the Muslims

b.

to give jobs to
European knights

c.

to recapture Jerusalem from the Muslims

d.

to seize
Constantinople

33.

Which crusade was the most successful for the
Europeans?

a.

First Crusade

c.

Third Crusade

b.

Second Crusade

d.

Children’s
Crusade

34.

Who made up the largest class in Aztec society?

a.

nobles

c.

unskilled laborers

b.

commoners

d.

enslaved people

35.

The Aztecs built an empire that was based on

a.

conquest.

c.

incorporating other cultures.

b.

farming.

d.

widespread trade.

36.

The Maya went into battle to gain

a.

honor.

c.

gold.

b.

captives.

d.

land.

37.

Which of the following describes Mayan rulers?

a.

They were considered to be gods.

b.

They were equal to the people they
ruled.

c.

Only men were allowed to rule.

d.

Only women were allowed to
rule.

38.

Whose stories about travels in China made many Europeans want to buy
China’s goods?

a.

the Medici’s

c.

Francesco Petrarch’s

b.

Titian’s

d.

Marco Polo’s

39.

Which of the following describes the government of many Italian
city-states?

a.

One powerful man ruled the government.

b.

People participated in a representative
government.

c.

A king ruled each city-state.

d.

Powerful people shared power in each
city-state’s government.

Renaissance Figure

Achievement(s)

Lorenzo de
Medici

Ruler of Florence; used wealth to support artists, architects, and writers

Leonardo da Vinci

A

Johannes Gutenberg

Printing Press

Dante Aligheri

The Divine Comedy

Chaucer

The Canterbury Tales

William Shakespeare

B

Ralphael Sanzio

School of Athens

Michelangelo

C

40.

Which of the following achievements should be
placed in letter A in the table?

a.

Titus Andronicus

c.

Moses

b.

Don Quixote de la
Mancha

d.

the Mona
Lisa

41.

Which of the following could be placed in the
letter B in the table?

a.

Romeo and Juliet

c.

Macbeth

b.

Much Ado About
Nothing

d.

all of the
above

42.

Which of the following could be placed in the
letter C in the table?

a.

Four Horseman of the Apocalypse

c.

The Last
Supper

b.

David

d.

the Mona Lisa

43.

Martin Luther challenged the Roman Catholic Church by

a.

writing the Bible in the vernacular.

b.

requesting an annulment of his
marriage.

c.

challenging the pope’s authority.

d.

preaching the idea
of predestination.

44.

In the 1500s, many Catholics were upset with the Church over the issue of

a.

writing the Bible in the vernacular.

b.

the expansion of humanism.

c.

selling
indulgences.

d.

excommunications.

45.

What was the main idea of John Calvin’s teachings?

a.

God’s will decides everything in the world in advance.

b.

Kings should control
the Church.

c.

People should perform good works to guarantee salvation.

d.

The pope’s
authority should never be questioned.

46.

Why did Pope Paul III call the Council of Trent?

a.

to make the clergy supreme in all decisions

b.

to work on reforms
for the Catholic Church

c.

to reconcile with the new Protestant
denominations

d.

to bring an end to the religious wars in Europe

47.

How did many Catholic kingdoms spread the Catholic faith during the
Counter-Reformation?

a.

They supported new religious orders.

b.

They prohibited the practice of Protestant
religions.

c.

They set up meetings with Church leaders in Protestant kingdoms.

d.

They sent
missionaries overseas.

Calvinism

Catholicism

Christ’s sacrifice forgives all sins; one must only believe
in it to be saved.

Faith and good works (giving to the poor, for example) are both necessary for
salvation.

God is available to all people;
no earthly ‘go-between’ priests are needed. Teachers and pastors are important, but have
no special duties.

The Catholic priesthood is essential; only priests can perform the
sacraments.

The Bible is the only source of
God’s word--all Christians should study and understand the Bible. The Bible should be
translated into everyday language that people can understand, and should be available to
everyone.

The Bible is only one source of Church teaching; letters from the Pope and tradition are
other sources.

Heavenly
“go-betweens” are not needed to talk with God. Christians should not pray to them. The
use of statues and images encourages worship of them.

Although the saints and angels are not worshiped,
their aid is valuable and necessary for achieving salvation. Statues and images help inspire
devotion.

God’s is absolute, and he
has decided everything in advance. Human action cannot change this.

God does not restrict human
will. People are still responsible for earning their own salvation.

48.

Which of the following is an idea that both
Calvinists and Catholics agreed on?

a.

Faith and good works are needed for salvation.

b.

Priests are
necessary.

c.

People are responsible for their own salvation.

d.

The Bible is a
source of God’s teachings.

49.

What does Calvinism believe about the role of
human will?

a.

God does not restrict human will.

b.

People change God’s will, which decides
everything in advance.

c.

People are the only ones responsible for their
salvation.

d.

People can change God’s will.

50.

Which Christian thinker tried to show that Christianity and reason could go
together?

a.

Galileo Galilei

c.

Isaac Newton

b.

Nicolaus Copernicus

d.

Thomas Aquinas

51.

The mathematician who developed the theory of the sun-centered universe
was

a.

Isaac Newton.

c.

Johannes Kepler.

b.

Nicolaus Copernicus.

d.

Galileo
Galilei.

52.

The first step in the scientific method is to

a.

observe.

c.

repeat the experiment.

b.

experiment.

d.

find a hypothesis.

53.

What was Isaac Newton’s most significant theory about the motion of
objects?

a.

the scientific method

b.

that the earth is the center of the
universe

c.

that substances are made up of basic elements

d.

the universal law of
gravitation

54.

What contribution did Antoine Lavoisier make to the field of chemistry?

a.

that all substances are made up of basic elements

b.

the discovery of
hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen

c.

that materials need oxygen to
burn

d.

the discovery of cells

Scientist

Nation

Discoveries

Nicolaus Copernicus(1473–1543)

Poland

Earth orbits the
SunEarth spins on its axis

Galileo
Galilei(1564–1642)

Italy

other planets have moons

William Harvey(1578–1657)

England

heart pumps
blood

Robert
Hooke(1635–1703)

England

cells

Robert Boyle(1627–1691)

Ireland

air is made of
gases

Isaac
Newton(1642–1727)

England

gravity; laws of motion,calculus

Antoine Lavoisier(1743–1794)

France

how materials burn

55.

Which statement describes the Scientific
Revolution?

a.

The Scientific Revolution involved many European nations.

b.

The Scientific
Revolution mainly involved the nations near the Atlantic Ocean.

c.

The Scientific
Revolution was focused in Italy.

d.

The Scientific Revolution mainly involved
discoveries in astronomy.

56.

Whose discovery led to the idea that air is made
of gases?

a.

Robert Hooke

c.

William Harvey

b.

Robert Boyle

d.

Isaac Newton

57.

Who discovered that planets other than Earth have
moons?

a.

Isaac Newton

c.

Galileo Galilei

b.

Nicolaus Copernicus

d.

Antoine
Lavoisier

58.

Whose book about cartography was influential in encouraging exploration?

a.

Prince Henry’s

c.

Ferdinand Magellan’s

b.

Claudius
Ptolemy’s

d.

Christopher
Columbus’s

59.

In a cottage industry, who made the goods that were to be sold long
distances?

a.

peasants

c.

merchants

b.

entrepreneurs

d.

mercantilists

60.

Which product, brought to North America from Europe in the Columbian Exchange,
changed the lives of Native Americans on the Great Plains?

a.

corn

c.

sheep

b.

horses

d.

bananas

61.

Which explorer is credited with the first circumnavigation of the world?

a.

Bartolomeu Dias

c.

Ferdinand Magellan

b.

Vasco da Gama

d.

Christopher
Columbus

62.

Which English document was an influence on the ideas in the Declaration of
Independence?

a.

the Stamp Act

c.

the Leviathan

b.

the Mayflower Compact.

d.

the Magna Carta

63.

In what situation did John Locke believe people
had the right to rebel against their government?

a.

when people do not like the laws of their government

b.

when the government
takes away people’s rights

c.

There are no such
situations.

d.

when the head of the government is not a monarch

64.

Which political ideas did Thomas Hobbes and John
Locke have in common?

a.

They believed government should control the people.

b.

They believed the
purpose of government is to protect people’s rights.

c.

They did not believe
in the divine right of kings.

d.

They believed that all people have certain
natural rights.

65.

Why did Hobbes believe that the purpose of
government was to control people?

a.

because he believed that people were too selfish and violent to govern
themselves

b.

because he believed that people had certain natural rights that needed to be
protected