..Here we report results of a meta-analysis of the literature, examining inter-relationships among AHS, HPA, and SNS responses to stressors, as measured by plasma epinephrine (EPI), corticotrophin (ACTH), and norepinephrine (NE) levels...

..Parkinson disease might be a disease of the elderly because of allostatic load, which depends on genetic predispositions,environmental exposures, repeated stress-related catecholamine release, and time...

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of central catecholamine deficiency in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies

..It also confirms that functional imaging by 6-[18F]fluorodopamine or 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scanning can localize pheochromocytoma in difficult cases in which other imaging tests are not diagnostic...

..Here, we review the background for the Symposium, provide an annotated summary of the lectures and posters, discuss some of the take-home points from the roundtable discussion, and propose a plan of action for the future...

..Patient-oriented research is a strength of heart-brain medicine. Patients are a unique scientific resource because they tell us the truth. We experience the joy and thrill of a "sparkle of insight" when we realize what they teach...

Association between supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension in autonomic failure

..L-DOPS holds promise for treating other much more common conditions involving decreased DBH activity or NE deficiency, such as a variety of syndromes associated with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension...

..Whether such loss extends to sympathetic innervation of the heart has been unknown. This study used 6-[(18)F]fluorodopamine neuroimaging to assess cardiac sympathetic innervation and function in FD...

..Patients with PD often have signs or symptoms of autonomic failure, including orthostatic hypotension. Cardiac sympathetic denervation occurs frequently in PD, but this has been thought to occur independently of autonomic failure...

Kinetic model for the fate of 6-[18F]fluorodopamine in the human heart: a novel means to examine cardiac sympathetic neuronal function

..Instead, adrenomedullary responses to stressors are more closely tied to adrenocortical than to sympathetic noradrenergic responses. Distress involves concurrent activation of the HPA and adrenomedullary neuroendocrine systems...

..In FD, plasma catechol profiles are sufficiently stable, at least over a decade, to be used as a biomarker of disease involvement. An increasing DOPA:DHPG ratio suggests slight but consistent, progressive loss of noradrenergic neurons...

..Parkinson disease might be a disease of the elderly because of allostatic load, which depends on genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, repeated stress-related catecholamine release, and time...

..In elderly patients with unexplained OH or other evidence of autonomic failure, it is reasonable for clinicians to look for subtle signs of parkinsonism, such as masked facies, cogwheel rigidity, and shuffling gate...

..Lack of correlation between commonly used indices from power spectral analysis of heart rate variability and cardiac norepinephrine spillover casts doubt on the validity of power spectral analysis to indicate cardiac sympathetic tone...

..This study examined the validity of microdialysis and measurements of microdialysate concentrations of catechols, to assess local sympathetic function in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in humans...

Cardiac and extracardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson's disease with orthostatic hypotension and in pure autonomic failure

..Since in this case the monoclonal antibody produced by the myeloma bound specifically to LC cells, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that in this patient the Shy-Drager syndrome may have had an immune-mediated basis...

Recent advances in genetics, diagnosis, localization, and treatment of pheochromocytoma

..Even mildly-to-moderately depressed melancholic patients had clinically relevant increases in the arterial NE-appearance rate. These findings will not apply to all clinical subtypes of major depression...