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Female Bovine Reproduction System. By: Natalia Bahena. Reproductive System. http://cvm.msu.edu/courses/AP/bessie/cowreproorgans3.jpg. We are going to look into the function of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

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Female Bovine Reproduction System

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Reproductive System

We are going to look into the function of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

Two essential organs of reproduction are located within the head of the animal.

The hypothalamus controls:

Body temperature, and the drive to eat and drink are just a few functions.

It sends and receives neural signals through the nervous system and hormonal messages through the endocrine system.

The pituitary gland, sits at the base of the brain.

The pituitary is divided into two regions: the anterior and posterior pituitaries.

http://www.ca.uky.edu/agripedia/Classes/ASC106/media/FEMALE.GIF

The female reproductive organs consist of the ovary, uterus, cervix, vagina and vulva. Female reproductive tracts of various farm animals are similar to the cow, but differ primarily in the shape of the uterus and cervix.

The ovary, is responsible for two basic functions:

Production of the female egg or ovum.

Production of two primary reproductive hormones, estrogen and progesterone.

Hormones

Progesterone, secreted by the corpora lutea, suppresses the further development of follicles and the secretion of estrogen. High levels of progesterone and low levels of estrogen prevent a cow from coming into heat. Progesterone is necessary for preparing the uterus to receive the fertilized egg and maintains the proper uterine environment for continuation of pregnancy.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteninizing hormone (LH) are secreted & travel through the blood to the ovary.

FSH and LH are mediated by gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) coming from the hypothalamus to signal their release from the pituitary.

FSH stimulates the growth, development and function of the follicle, while LH cause the follicle to rupture during ovulation and causes the subsequent development of the corpus luteum.

http://www.mothercow.org/bull/barnyard/hormones.jpg

Placenta

Classification is based on:

The gross shape of the placenta and the distribution of contact sites between fetal membranes and endometrium.

The number of layers of tissue between maternal and fetal vascular systems.

Cotyledonary: Multiple, discrete areas of attachment called cotyledons are formed by interaction of patches of allantochorion with endometrium. The fetal portions of this type of placenta are called cotyledons, the maternal contact sites (caruncles), and the cotyledon-caruncle complex a placentome. This type of placentation is observed in ruminants.