Last week, the E3 bill crossed a major milestone when it cleared the US House of Representatives. But before it can become law in the US, it requires a unanimous vote in the Senate before President Trump can sign it into law.

TD John Deasy, one of the Irish politicians who is spearheading the effort to have the bill passed, noted after the successful House vote that while things were looking good, it would still be tough to get the bill through the Senate.

However, as of Tuesday, the six Senator holdouts have dwindled down to only four: Johnny Isakson of Georgia; James Lankford of Oklahoma; Thom Tillis of North Carolina; and Roy Blunt of Missouri.

With President Trump already saying he supports the passage of the E3 bill, hope remains that the Republican Senators will also ultimately support it as well.

What is the E3 Visa?

The E3 visa was first introduced in the US in 2005. It’s a 2-year American working visa that is currently available to Australians only as part of the Australia-United States Free Trade Agreement (AUSFTA).

that the position he or she is coming to fill qualifies as specialty occupation employment

that he or she is an Australian citizen

that he or she has the necessary academic or other qualifying credentials

that his or her stay will be temporary, and if required before the alien may commence employment in the specialty occupation, that he or she has the necessary license or other official permission to practice in the specialty occupation.

The application fee for Australians is currently $205 USD, which is significantly cheaper than the H1B visa that many Irish people apply for.

The 2-year visa extends to the applicants' spouses and can be renewed indefinitely.

Since 2005, about 10,500 E3 visas are opened for Australians to apply for annually. However, only about half of that allotment is typically used.

E3s and the Irish

With Australia only utilizing about half of their E3 quota annually, nearly 5,000 American working visas have been going unused every year. The E3 bill that is currently pending a Senate vote wants to open up the visas unclaimed by Australians to Irish people.

In a bipartisan move, the new changes to the E3 bill were co-sponsored in the US by Democrat Richard Neal and Republican Jim Sensenbrenner, with support for Irish groups based in the US, as well as Irish politicians.

Sensenbrenner said: "The United States was built on hard work and the determination of immigrants - many of them who hail from Ireland. Through their perseverance, they have enabled this country to grow and prosper."

"I believe in the value and opportunity that comes with legal immigration. I am pleased to have authored this legislation to make the process more efficient for one of our oldest allies, and add to the great legacy of cultural diversity celebrated our country."

Australians took issue initially that they may be competing with the Irish for the E3 visa, but it was later clarified that Irish people would only have access to the unused visas, and would not be competing with Australians.

The language in the latest bill reads: “For applicants who are nationals of Ireland, not more than a number equal to the difference between 10,500 and the number of applications approved in the prior fiscal year for aliens who are nationals of the Commonwealth of Australia.”

In return for access to the E3 visas, the Irish government has said they will ease up on restrictions for American citizens who want to retire to Ireland.

What’s the hold-up?

While the bill has cleared the House, it's fate remains unknown before it goes to a Senate vote. President Trump has already thrown his support behind the visas being opened up to Irish citizens, but there are still some hold-out Senators who have indicated they may not support it.