In 2009 Iran was experiencing inflation of about 20% per year. Other things equal, the expectations by the people of Iran of worsening inflation in the future would probably:

Which of the following would shift the aggregate demand curve to the left?
(an increase in foreign income, a depreciation in the value of the country's currency, a higher future expected price level, a decrease in exports)

In late 2004, oil prices increased sharply while the rate of growth in labor productivity declined. The combination of these two factors should:

In the late 1990s in the United States, those making policy at the Federal Reserve argued about whether productivity was increasing faster than it had in the past. If productivity was growing faster than anticipated, they would expect the:

If productivity increases by 3% but wages increase by 4%, then it is most likely that the price level will:

An increase in aggregate demand:

Many economists have argued that labor market regulations in the European Union have stifled efficiency and held down potential GDP. If this argument is correct, the removal of these regulations should:

Induced expenditures are defined as expenditures that:

In the multiplier model, aggregate expenditure equals:

In the aftermath of the terrorist attack in New York on September 11, 2001, U.S. consumer confidence fell sharply, causing consumer spending to fall by about $40 billion in October, 2001. This decline in consumer spending caused the aggregate expenditures function to:

You are holding $200 in cash with the objective to buy in the near future a video game that is about to be offered in the market, until you buy the game this type of savings is:

In some countries the financial sector maintains private reserves in addition to the required reserves. These reserves do not go back to the circular flow of the economy. In this case, this economy most likely will experience: