Atelectasis in Infants

Definition

Atelectasis is a collapse in part of the lungs. Normally, air passes through the airways into small sacs of the lungs. Oxygen from the air passes through these sacs into the blood. Carbon dioxide also passes from the blood to the sacs to leave the body. With atelectasis, these sacs are collapsed. Oxygen and carbon dioxide cannot pass through the collapsed sacs.

A collapse over large areas of the lungs can lead to serious problems. In infants, atelectasis may be:

A
bronchoscopy
may be done if an obstruction is a possibility. This is an exam of the lungs with a small tube.

Treatment

Treatment will be based on the cause of the atelectasis. Some oxygen or breathing support may also be needed until the problem resolves. Treatment options include:

Removing Blockage

Steps will be taken to remove any blockage that is causing the problem.

A bronchoscopy may be done to remove an inhaled object. A thin tube-shaped tool called a bronchoscope is used. It is passed down the throat and into the lungs. Small tools can be passed through the bronchoscope to remove the object.

A bronchoscopy may also be done to remove a mucus plug.

Physical Therapy

Chest therapy can be used to help move mucus out of the lungs. There are a few different types that may be used. One option uses a rhythmic tapping on the back and chest. Certain positions will also use gravity to help mucus flow out of the body. Your baby may be placed in special positions to help move mucus out of the lungs.

Respiratory Therapy

This may include any or all of the following:

Breathing masks or treatments to help keep airways open

Suction to help remove secretions

Breathing support with ventilator—to take over or assist breathing until your baby is better

Medication

Medications may help to improve breathing or treat the underlying condition. Medications may help to:

Open the airways

Treat the disease that caused the collapse

Treat an infection

Oxygen may be needed to support your baby during recovery.

Prevention

Not all atelectasis can be prevented. To help reduce your baby’s chance of atelectasis, take these steps:

Be careful with small objects around infants.

Work with your doctor to treat or manage any lung conditions your baby has.

Take steps to avoid premature birth such as:

Get regular prenatal care.

During pregnancy, eat a well-balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables.

Get adequate activity.

Some medical conditions or treatments increase your baby’s risk of atelectasis. Steps will be taken to prevent atelectasis such as:

Medication to improve surfactant in premature babies

Treating and monitoring lung infections

Careful management of necessary oxygen or breathing therapy in infants

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.