Various Beginnings--The Earth Was--A Creative Week For Its Ordering-- The Length of the
Epoch-Days--Prof. Dana's Admission of Unwarranted Speculations by Scientists--Persistency
of Species Refutes Evolution Theory--Mr. Darwin's Pigeons--A Theory of Cosmogony-- Loyal
Testimonies of Profs. Silliman and Dana--The First Creative Epoch-Day--The Second
Ditto--The Third Ditto--The Fourth Ditto-- The Fifth Ditto--The Sixth Ditto--Man, The Lord
of Earth, Created in the Dawning of the Seventh Epoch--Summary of "Meeting Place of
Geology and History," By Sir J. W. Dawson, LL.D., F.R.S.--The Seventh Epoch-Day of
the Creative Week--Its Length--Its Rest--Its Object and Result--The Grand Jubilee,
Celestial and Terrestrial, Due at Its Close.

MANY are Jehovah's agents, and innumerable his agencies, connected with one and another
feature of his creation; but back of them all is his own creative wisdom and power. He
alone is the Creator, and, as the Scriptures affirm, "All his work is perfect."
He may permit evil angels and evil men to pervert and misuse his perfect work; but he
assures us that evil shall not for long be permitted to work blight and injury; and that
eventually, when he shall restrain and destroy evil, we shall discern that he permitted it
only to test, to prove, to refine, to polish and to make his own holiness, gracious
character and plan the more resplendent in the sight of all his intelligent creatures.
When in Genesis we read, "In the beginning God created the heaven and the
earth," we are to remember that this beginning relates not to the universe, but
merely to our planet. Then it was that "the morning stars sang together" and all
the angelic sons of God "shouted for joy"--when the

::page 18::

Lord laid the foundations of the earth and "made the cloud the garment thereof,
and thick darkness its swaddling band." (`Job 38:4-11`) But a still earlier beginning
is mentioned in the Bible; a beginning before the creation of those angelic sons of God;
as we read: "In the beginning was the Word [Logos], and the Logos was with the
God and the Logos was a God: the same was in the beginning with the God.
All things were made by him, and without him was not anything made that was made."
(`John 1:1-3`) (See Series V, Chap. 3.) Since Jehovah himself is from everlasting to
everlasting, he had no beginning: the "Only Begotten" has the high distinction
above all others of being "The beginning of the creation of
God"--"first-born of every creature." (`Rev. 3:14`; `Col. 1:15`) Other
beginnings came in turn as the various angelic orders were one by one created; and these
beginnings were in the past, so that their hosts could shout for joy when our earth's
creations, related in Genesis, had their beginning. Examining the Genesis expressions
critically, we discern that a distinction is made between the creation of the heaven and
the earth (`verse 1`) and the subsequent regulations, or ordering of these, and the
further creations of vegetable and animal life. It is these subsequent operations that are
described as the divine work of six epochal days. `Verse 2` tells us that in the very
beginning of the first day of that creative week the earth was--though without
form (order), and void (empty)--waste, empty and dark. This important item should be
distinctly noted. If recognized, it at once corroborates the testimony of geology thus
far; and, as we shall be obliged to dispute the deductions of geologists on some points,
it is well that we promptly acknowledge and dismiss whatever does not need to be contended
for in defense of the Bible. The Bible does not say how long a period elapsed between the beginning
when God created the heaven and the earth, and the beginning of the creative week
used in perfecting it for man: nor do geologists agree

::page 19::

amongst themselves as to the period of this interval--a few extremists indulge in wild
speculations of millions of years. Coming, then, to the creative period--the ordering of
affairs in our heaven and earth in preparation of the Paradise of God for man's
everlasting home--we note that these "days" are nowhere declared to be
twenty-four-hour days; and, hence, we are not obliged thus to limit them. We find in the
Bible that the word day stands for epoch, or period. The fact that it is most
frequently used in reference to a twenty-four-hour period matters nothing, so long as
we have the record of "the day of temptation in the wilderness ...forty years"
(`Psa. 95:8-10`), and sometimes a "day" or "time" representing a year
period (`Num. 14:33,34`; `Ezek. 4:1-8`), and also the Apostle's statement--"A day
with the Lord is as a thousand years." (`2 Pet. 3:8`) Most assuredly these epoch-days
were not sun days; for the record is that the sun was not visible until the fourth
day--the fourth epoch. We believe our readers will agree that although the length of these
epoch-days is not indicated, we will be justified in assuming that they were uniform
periods, because of their close identity as members of the one creative week. Hence, if we
can gain reasonable proof of the length of one of these days, we will be fully justified
in assuming that the others were of the same duration. We do, then, find satisfactory
evidence that one of these creative "days" was a period of seven thousand years
and, hence, that the entire creative week would be 7,000 x 7 equals 49,000 years. And
although this period is infinitesimal when compared with some geological guesses, it is,
we believe, quite reasonably ample for the work represented as being accomplished
therein--the ordering and filling of the earth, which already "was" in
existence, but "without form [order], and void [empty]." Prof. Dana, commenting
on the data from which scientists draw their conjectures, and the method of reckoning
employed by them says:

::page 20::

"In calculations of elapsed time from the thickness of formations there is always great
uncertainty, arising from the dependence of this thickness on a progressing
subsidence [regular sinking of the land]. In estimates made from alluvial deposits [soil
deposited from water], when the data are based on the thickness of the accumulations in a
given number of years--say the last 2,000 years--this source of doubt affects the
whole calculation from its foundation and renders it almost, if not quite, worthless....When
the estimate...is based on the amount of detritus [fine scourings] discharged by
a stream it is of more value; but even here there is a source of great doubt."
Let us examine the matter from the standpoint of the Bible, as believing it to be the
divine revelation, and fully persuaded that whatever discrepancies may be found between
the Bible testimony and the guesses of geologists are the errors of the latter, whose
philosophies have not yet reached a thoroughly scientific basis or development. Nor is it
necessary to suppose that the writer of Genesis knew all about the matter he records--the
length of these days and their precise results. We accept the Genesis account as a part of
the great divine revelation--the Bible-- and find its sublime statement in few sentences
most remarkably corroborated by most critical scientific researches. On the contrary, none
of the "religious books" of the heathen contain anything but absurd statements
on this subject. There is a grandeur of simplicity in that opening statement of
revelation--"In the beginning God created." It answers the first inquiry of
reason--Whence came I, and to whom am I responsible? It is unfortunate indeed that some of
the brightest minds of our bright day have been turned from this thought of an intelligent
Creator to the recognition of a blind force operating under a law of evolution and
survival of the fittest. And, alas! this theory has not only found general acceptance in
the highest institutions of learning, but is gradually being incorporated into the
textbooks of our common schools. True, only a few are yet so bold as totally to deny a
Creator;

::page 21::

but even the devout, under this theory, undermine the fabric of their own faith, as
well as that of others, when they claim that creation is merely the reign of Natural Law.
Not to go further back, they surmise that our sun ejected immense volumes of gases which
finally became consolidated, forming our earth; that by and by protoplasm formed,
a small maggot, a microbe, got a start, they know not how. They must concede a
divine power necessary to give even this small start of life--but they are industriously
looking for some Natural Law on this also, so as to have no need at all for a God-Creator.
It is claimed that this discovery is now almost accomplished. These "savants"
think and talk about Nature as instead of God--her works, her laws, her retributions,
etc.--a blind and deaf God indeed! They claim that under Nature's regulations protoplasm
evolved microbe, or maggot, which squirmed and twisted and reproduced its own species, and
then finding use for a tail, developed one. Later on, one of its still more intelligent
offspring concluded that oars, or fins, would be useful, and developed them. Another,
later on, got chased by a hungry brother and, jumping clear out of the water, got the idea
that the fins further developed would be wings, and liked the new style, so that he stayed
out of the water, and then decided that legs and toes would be a convenience and developed
them. Others of the family followed other "notions," of which they seemingly had
an inexhaustible supply, as evidenced by the great variety of animals we see about us.
However, in due time one of these descendants of the first maggot which had reached the
monkey degree of development, got a noble ideal before his mind--he said to himself, I
will discard my tail, and cease using my hands as feet, and will shed my coat of hair, and
will develop a nose and a forehead and a brain with moral and reflective organs. I will
wear tailor-made clothing and a high silk hat, and call myself Darwin, LL.D., and write a
record of my evolution.

::page 22::

That Mr. Darwin was an able man is evidenced by his success in foisting his theory upon
his fellowmen. Nevertheless, the devout child of God, who has confidence in a personal
Creator, and who is not ready hastily to discard the Bible as his revelation, will soon be
able to see the sophistry of Mr. Darwin's theory. It is not sufficient that Mr. Darwin
should note that amongst his pigeons he was able to develop certain breeds with peculiar
features-- feathers on their legs, crowns on their heads, pouting throats, etc.; others
had done the same with poultry, dogs, horses, etc., and florists had experimented upon
flowers and shrubs, etc., with similar results. The new thing with Mr. Darwin was the theory--that
all forms of life were evolved from a common beginning. But Mr. Darwin's
experiences with his pigeons, like those of every other fancy-breeder, must only have
corroborated the Bible statement, that God created every creature after its kind.
There are wonderful possibilities of variety in each kind; but kinds cannot be
mixed nor new kinds formed. The nearest approach is called
"mule-ing"--and all know that new species thus formed lack ability to perpetuate
their kind. Moreover, Mr. Darwin must have noted, as others have done, that his
"fancy" pigeons needed to be kept carefully separate from others of their kind,
else they would speedily deteriorate to the common level. But in nature we see the various
species, "each after its kind," entirely separate from each other, and kept so
without any artificial fencing, etc.--kept so by the law of their Creator. As believers in
the personal Creator, we may rest assured that human speculation has missed the truth to
the extent that it has ignored our God, his wisdom and his power, as outlined in Genesis.
Nothing, perhaps, has done more to becloud and undermine faith in God as the Creator, and
in the Genesis account as his revelation, than has the error of understanding the
epoch-days of Genesis to be twenty-four-hour days. The various stratifications of rocks
and clays prove beyond all

::page 23::

controversy that long periods were consumed in the mighty changes they represent. And
when we find that the Bible teaches an epoch-day we are prepared to hear the rocks giving
testimony in exact accord with the Bible record, and our faith in the latter is greatly
strengthened; we feel that we are not trusting to our own or other men's guesses, but to
the Word of the Creator, abundantly attested by the facts of nature.

A Theory of Cosmogony

For the benefit of some of our readers, we will briefly state one of the views of the
creative period, known as "The Vailian Theory," or "Canopy Theory,"
which specially appeals to the author: subsequently we will endeavor to trace a harmony
between this view and the narrative of `Genesis 1:1-2:3`. Starting with the condition
mentioned in `Gen. 1:2`, "Now the earth was," waste and empty and dark,
the wise will not attempt to guess that which God has not revealed respecting how he
previously gathered together earth's atoms. Things unrevealed belong to God, and we do
well to wait patiently for his further revelations in due time. Taking pick and shovel and
a critical eye, man has found that the earth's crust is composed of various layers, or
strata, one over the other, all of which give evidence of having once been soft and
moist--except the basic rocks upon which these layers, or strata, are, with more or less
regularity, built. These basic rocks indicate clearly that they were once soft and fluid
from intense heat; and scientists generally agree that not a great way below the
"crust" the earth is still hot and molten. Since these basic, igneous
rocks--granite, basalt, etc.-- must at one time have been so hot as to drive out of them
all combustible elements, and since they are the bottom rocks, we are safe in concluding
that there was a period when the whole earth was at a white heat. At that time, it is
reasoned, water and minerals (now found in the upper layers, or

::page 24::

strata, laid down in water) must have been driven off as gases; and must have
constituted an impenetrable canopy extending for miles around the earth in every
direction. The motion of the earth upon its axis would extend to these gases surrounding
it, and the effect would be to concentrate them, more particularly over the earth's
equator. As the earth cooled these would cool, and thus be resolved from gases into solids
and liquids, the weightier minerals gravitating in strata toward the bottom. The earth at
that period probably resembled the present appearance of Saturn with his
"rings." As the cooling process advanced, these detached and distant rings would
gradually acquire a different rotative motion from that of the earth, and thus gravitate
closer and closer to her. One after another these were precipitated upon the earth's
surface. After the formation of the "firmament," or "expanse," or
"atmosphere," these deluges from descending "rings" would naturally
reach the earth from the direction of the two poles, where there would be least
resistance, because farthest from the equator, the center of the centrifugal force of the
earth's motion. The breaking down of these "rings," long periods apart,
furnished numerous deluges, and piled strata upon strata over the earth's surface. The
rush of waters from the poles toward the equator would distribute variously the sand and
mud and minerals, the water strongly mineralized thus covering the entire surface of the
earth, just as described at the beginning of the narrative of Genesis. During each of
these long "days," of seven thousand years each, a certain work progressed, as
told in Genesis; each possibly ending with a deluge which worked radical changes and
prepared the way for still further steps of creation and preparation for man. This Vailian
theory assumes that the last of these "rings" was freest from minerals and all
impurities--pure water; that it had not yet broken and come down in the day of Adam's
creation, but that it completely overspread the earth as a translucent veil above the
atmosphere. It served, as does the whitened glass of a hot-house,

::page 25::

to equalize the temperature--so that the climate at the poles would be little, if any,
different from that at the equator. Under such equable conditions, tropical plants would
grow everywhere, as geology shows that they did; and storms which result from rapid
changes of temperature must then have been unknown; and for similar reasons there could
then have been no rain. The Scriptural account agrees with this; declaring that there was
no rain on the earth until the deluge; that vegetation was watered by a mist rising from
the earth--a moist, or humid, hot-house-like condition. (`Gen. 2:5,6`) Following the
deluge in Noah's day came great changes, accompanied by a great shortening of the span of
human life. With the breaking of the watery veil the hot-house condition ceased: the
equatorial path of the sun became hotter, while at the poles the change must have been
terrific--an almost instantaneous transition from a hot-house temperature to arctic
coldness. Corroborations of this sudden change of temperature have been found in the
arctic region: Two complete mastodons have been found embedded in clear, solid ice which
evidently froze them in quickly. Tons of elephant tusks have been found in the same frozen
Siberia, too inhospitably cold, within the range of history, for elephants, mastodons,
etc. An antelope was found similarly embedded in a huge block of ice in that arctic
region. That it was suddenly overwhelmed is clearly demonstrated by the fact that grass
was found in its stomach undigested, indicating that the animal had eaten it only a few
minutes before being frozen to death--and that in a location where no grass could now
grow. This sudden downpour of water--this sudden breaking of the envelope which held the
warmth of the earth and sun equably--produced the great ice-fields and ice-mountains of
the arctic regions, from which every year hundreds of icebergs break loose and float
southward toward the equator. So far as we can judge, this has been the procedure for
centuries, but is continually growing less. Here we see the Ice

::page 26::

Age, or Glacial Period, of the geologists, when great icebergs, borne by swift
currents, cut deep crevasses throughout North America, distinctly traceable in the hills;
northwestern Europe, too, bears the same testimony in its hills. But not so southeastern
Europe, Armenia and vicinity-- the cradle of our race, where also the ark was built, and
near which, on Mount Ararat, it finally rested. The testimony of Prof. Wright and Sir T.W.
Dawson, LL.D., F.R.S., is that in the vicinity of Arabia a general sinking of the
earth and a subsequent rise occurred. The testimony in general would seem to imply
that the ark floated in a comparatively quiet eddy, aside from the general rush of the
waters. This is indicated by the exceedingly heavy alluvial deposit declared to be present
in all that region. Evidently the whole earth was deluged by waters from the North and
South Poles, while the cradle of the race was specially dealt with by first depressing,
and then at the proper time elevating it. On this, note the words of the celebrated
geologist, Prof. G.F. Wright, of Oberlin, O., College, as reported in the New York Journal,
March 30, 1901, as follows:

The Flood Corroborated "Prof. George Frederick Wright, of Oberlin College, a
distinguished geologist, has returned from Europe. He wrote 'The Ice of North America' and
other geological works, studying and describing the glacial period. He has been on a
scientific tour around the globe. He passed most of his time studying the geological
formations and signs in Siberia, although his explorations took him to other parts of Asia
and to Africa. "Prof. Wright's main object was to answer, if possible, a
long-disputed question among geologists: namely, whether Siberia had ever been covered
with ice, as North America and parts of Europe had been, during the glacial period.
"A great many geologists, including many eminent Russian savants, believe Siberia was
covered with ice. "As the result of his present studies, Prof. Wright firmly believes
that, at the remote time that North America was covered with ice, Siberia was covered with
water. "And the water and the ice were practically phases of the Biblical flood.
"First read a description of the flood in Genesis, much abbreviated:

::page 27::

"'And the flood was forty days upon the earth and the waters increased and bore up
the ark and it was lifted up above the earth. "'And the waters prevailed exceedingly
upon the earth: and all the high hills that were under the whole heaven were covered.
"'Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail and the mountains were covered.
"'All in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land
died....And Noah only remained alive and those that were with him in the ark. "'And
the waters prevailed upon the earth an hundred and fifty days.' `Gen. 7:17-24` "Now
hear what Prof. Wright is quoted as saying: "'I found no signs of glacial phenomena
south of the 56th degree. North of that I did not go, but from other things I am convinced
that the land was covered with ice, as was our own, where signs of it are now found as far
south as New York. "'We did not find indications of an extensive subsidence of all
that region, which puts a new light on everything here. "'At Trebizond, on the shore
of the Black Sea, there was evidence of a depression of 700 feet. This was shown by gravel
deposits on the hills. "'In the center of Turkestan the waters reached their greatest
height, for there we found these deposits over 2,000 feet above the sea level.
"'Southern Russia is covered with the same black earth deposit that we found in
Turkestan. "'There were still other evidences of the waters having covered this
portion of the globe. One of these is the presence yet of seals in Lake Baikal, in
Siberia, 1,600 feet above sea level. The seals which we found are of the Arctic species,
and are the same species as those found in the Caspian Sea. "'The only theory,
therefore, is that they were caught there when the waters receded. Perhaps the most
wonderful discovery of all was at the town of Kief, on the Nippur river, where stone
implements were found fifty-three feet below the black earth deposit, showing that the
water came there after the age of man. "'This enabled us, therefore, to determine the
age of this depression. It shows that since man came there, there has been a depression of
750 feet at Trebizond, and in Southern Turkestan the waters were over 2,000 feet deep. The
implements found were such as those made in North America before the glacial period, which
gives good ground for believing that the depression was made there when the glacial
avalanche occurred here. "'In fact it was, practically, the flood.'"

::page 28::

Knowing the end from the beginning, Jehovah so timed the introduction of man upon the
earth that the last of the rings came down in a deluge just at the proper time to destroy
the corrupted race in Noah's day, and thus to introduce the present dispensation, known in
the Scriptures as "this present evil world." The removal of the watery envelope
not only gave changing seasons of summer and winter, and opened the way for violent
storms, but it also made possible the rainbow, which was first seen after the flood,
because previously the direct rays of the sun could not so penetrate the watery canopy as
to give the rainbow effect. `Gen. 9:12-17` Since writing the foregoing, we clip from the Scientific
American the following succinct statement from Prof. Vail's own pen:

"That Frozen Mammoth

"To the Editor of the Scientific American: "I have read with great
interest in your issue of April 12 the note on the recent discovery of the body of a
mammoth, in cold storage, by Dr. Herz, in the ice-bound region of Eastern Siberia. This,
it seems to me, is more than a 'Rosetta Stone' in the path of the geologist. It offers the
strongest testimony in support of the claim that all the glacial epochs and all the
deluges the earth ever saw, were caused by the progressive and successive decline of
primitive earth vapors, lingering about our planet as the cloud vapors of the planets
Jupiter and Saturn linger about those bodies today. "Allow me to suggest to my
brother geologists that remnants of the terrestrial watery vapors may have revolved about
the earth as a Jupiter-like canopy, even down to very recent geologic times. Such vapors
must fall chiefly in polar lands, through the channel of least resistance and greatest
attraction, and certainly as vast avalanches of tellurio-cosmic snows. Then, too, such a
canopy, or world-roof, must have tempered the climate up to the poles, and thus afforded
pasturage to the mammoth and his congeners of the Arctic world--making a greenhouse earth
under a greenhouse roof. If this be admitted, we can place no limits to the magnitude and
efficiency of canopy avalanches to desolate a world of exuberant life. It seems that Dr.
Herz's mammoth, like many others found buried in glacier ice, with their food undigested
in their stomachs, proves that it was suddenly overtaken

::page 29::

with a crushing fall of snow. In this case, with grass in its mouth unmasticated, it
tells an unerring tale of death in a snowy grave. If this be conceded, we have what may
have been an all-competent source of glacial snows, and we may gladly escape the
unphilosophic alternative that the earth grew cold in order to get its casement of snow,
while, as I see it, it got its snows and grew cold. "During the igneous age
the oceans went to the skies, along with a measureless fund of mineral and metallic
sublimations; and if we concede these vapors formed into an annular system, and returned
during the ages in grand installments, some of them lingering even down to the age of man,
we may explain many things that are dark and perplexing today. "As far back as 1874 I
published some of these thoughts in pamphlet form, and it is with the hope that the
thinkers of this twentieth century will look after them that I again call up the 'Canopy
Theory.' Isaac N. Vail."

The Creative Week

With this general view of creation before our minds, let us now turn to the Genesis
account, and endeavor to harmonize these conjectures with its statements. First of all we
notice that the Creative Week is divided into four parts: (1) Two days, or epochs (in our
reckoning 2 x 7,000 equals 14,000 years), were devoted to the ordering of the earth
preparatory for animal life. (2) The next two days, or epochs (in our reckoning another 2
x 7,000 equals 14,000 years additional), were devoted to bringing forward vegetation and
the lowest forms of life--shell-fish, etc.--and laying down limestone, coal and other
minerals. (3) The next two epoch-days (in our reckoning 2 x 7,000 equals 14,000 years)
brought forward living creatures that move--in the sea and on the
land--vegetation, etc., still progressing, and all preparing for the introduction of man,
the earthly image of his Creator, "crowned with glory and honor," to be the king
of earth. (4) Man's creation, the final work, came in the close of the sixth day, or
epoch, and the beginning of the seventh: as it is written--"And on the seventh day
God ended his work which he made, and he rested."

::page 30::

Two Loyal Testimonies

Professor Silliman declares:

"Every great feature in the structure of the planet corresponds with the order of
events narrated in the sacred history....This history [the Bible] furnishes a record
important alike to philosophy and religion; and we find in the planet itself the proof
that the [Bible] record is true."

Referring to the account of creation in Genesis, Prof. Dana declares:

"In this succession we observe not merely an order of events, like that deduced
from science; but there is a system in the arrangement and a far-reaching prophecy to
which philosophy could not have attained, however instructed."

He adds further:

"No human mind was witness of the events; and no such mind in the early age of the
world, unless gifted with superhuman intelligence, could have contrived such a
scheme, or would have placed the creation of the sun, the source of light to the earth, so
long after the creation of light, even on the fourth day; and what is equally singular, between
the creation of plants and that of animals, when so important to both; and none could have
reached into the depths of philosophy exhibited in the whole plan."

The First Creative Epoch-Day

And the spirit of God was brooding over the face of the waters. And God said, Let
there be light. And there was light.

The nature and physical cause of light is as yet but imperfectly comprehended--no
satisfactory solution of the query, What is light? has yet appeared. We do know, however,
that it is a prime essential throughout nature; and we are not surprised to find it first
in the divine order when the time came for divine energy to operate upon the waste and
empty earth to prepare it for man. The nature of the divine energy represented by
"brooding" would seem to be vitalizing, possibly electrical energies
and lights such as the aurora borealis, or northern lights. Or, possibly, the
energy brought down some of the heavy rings of aqueous and mineral matter,

::page 31::

and thus the light and darkness, day and night, became distinguishable, though neither
stars nor moon nor sun were in the slightest degree discernible through the heavy rings,
or swaddling bands, which still enveloped the earth. "Evening and morning--Day
One." As with the Hebrew solar days, so also with these epoch-days, the evening came
first, gradually accomplishing the divine purpose to its completion, when another
7,000-year day, apportioned to another work, would begin darkly, and progress to
perfection. This period, or "day," is scientifically described as Azoic, or
lifeless.

The Second Creative Epoch-Day

And God said, Let there be an "expanse" [firmament, atmosphere] in the
midst [between] the waters; and let it divide waters from waters. Thus God divided the
waters under the atmosphere from the waters above the atmosphere. And God called the
firmament [expanse, or atmosphere] heaven.

This second epoch-day of 7,000 years was wholly devoted to the production of an
atmosphere. It was probably developed in a perfectly natural way, as are most of God's
wonderful works, though none the less of his devising, ordering, creating. The fall of the
"ring" of water and minerals, which enabled light to penetrate through to the
earth during the first epoch-day, reaching the still heated earth and its boiling and
steaming surface waters, would produce various gases which, rising, would constitute a
cushion, or firmament, or atmosphere, all around the earth, and tend to hold up the
remaining waters of the "rings" off from the earth. This "day," so far
as Scriptures show, would also belong to the Azoic, or lifeless, period; but geology
objects to this, claiming that the rocks appropriate to this time show worm-trails and
immense quantities of tiny shellfish, the remains of which are evidenced in the great beds
of limestone. They denominate this the Paleozoic age of first life--the Silurian period.
This is not at variance with the Biblical account, which merely ignores these lowest forms
of life.

::page 32::

Evening and morning--Day Two--ended with the full accomplishment of the divine
intention respecting it; the separation of the clouds and vapors, etc., from the surface
waters by an atmosphere.

The Third Creative Epoch-Day

And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together in one place,
and let dry land appear. And it was so. And God called the dry land Earth, and the
gathering together of the waters called he Seas. And this being accomplished and approved
of God, he said, Let the earth bring forth tender grass, and herb yielding seed, and the
fruit-tree bearing fruit after its kind, in which is its seed, upon the earth: and it was
so.

Geology fully corroborates this record. It points out to us that, as the earth's crust
cooled, the weight of the waters would tend to make it kink and buckle--some parts being
depressed became the depths of the seas, other portions forced up constituted mountain
ranges--not suddenly, but gradually, one range following another. We are not to suppose
that all these changes took place even in the seven thousand years of this third
epoch-day; but, rather, that it merely witnessed the beginning of the work necessary as
preparatory to the beginning of vegetation; for evidently geology is correct in claiming
that some great changes of this nature are of comparatively recent date. Even within a
century we have had small examples of this power: and we shall not be surprised if the
next few years shall give us further paroxysms of nature; for we are in another transition
period--the opening of the Millennial age, for which changed conditions are requisite. As
the waters drained off into the seas, vegetation sprang forth--each after its own class or
kind, with seed in itself to reproduce its own kind only. This matter is so fixed
by the laws of the Creator that although horticulture can and does do much to give variety
in perfection, yet it cannot change the kind. The different families of
vegetables will no more unite and blend than will the various animal families. This shows
design--not a Creator only, but an intelligent one.

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Geology agrees that vegetation preceded the higher forms of animal life. It agrees,
too, that in this early period vegetation was extremely rank--that mosses and ferns and
vines grew immensely larger and more rapidly then than now, because the atmosphere was
extremely full of carbonic and nitrogenous gases--so full of them that breathing animals
could not then have flourished. Plants, which now grow only a few inches or a few feet
high even at the equator, then attained a growth of forty to eighty feet, and sometimes
two or three feet in diameter, as is demonstrated by fossil remains. Under the conditions
known to have then obtained, their growth would not only be immense, but must also have
been very rapid. At this period, geologists claim, our coal beds were formed: plants and
mosses, having a great affinity for carbonic acid gas, stored up within themselves the
carbon, forming coal, preparing thus our present coal deposits while purifying the
atmosphere for the animal life of the later epoch-days. These vast peat-bogs and
moss-beds, in turn, were covered over by sand, clay, etc., washed over them by further
upheavals and depressions of the earth's surface, by tidal waves and by other descending
"rings" of the waters above the firmament. Practically the same procedure must
have been oft repeated, too; for we find coal-beds one above another with various strata
of clay, sand, limestone, etc., between. Evening and morning, the third 7,000-year
epoch-day, accomplished its part in preparing the world, according to the divine design.
In geology it is styled the Carboniferous era, because of its deposits of coal, oil, etc.

The Fourth Creative Epoch-Day

And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament [expanse, atmosphere] of the
heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and
for days, and for years: and let them be for lights in the expanse [atmosphere] to give
light upon the earth; and it was so. God made [or caused to shine--a different verb not
meaning created] two great lights;

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the greater light for the rule of the day [to indicate the time of day] and the
lesser light, the night; the stars also.

The achievements of one epoch-day were carried over into the next, and we are justified
in supposing that the light of the first day became more and more distinct during the next
two, as ring after ring came down from the waters above the firmament to the waters below
it, until by the fourth epoch-day the sun and moon and stars could be seen; not so clearly
as now on a bright day, until after Noah's flood--the last of the "rings"; but
clearly discernible, nevertheless, through the translucent veil of waters --as now on a
misty day or night. Sun, moon and stars had long been shining on the outer veil of the
earth, but now the time came to let these lights in the firmament be seen; to let the
days--previously marked by a dull, grayish light, such as we see some rainy mornings when
the sun, moon and stars are invisible for clouds--become more distinct, so that the orb of
day might by its course mark time for man and beast when created, and meantime begin to
oxygenize the air, thus to prepare it for breathing animals. Later on in the same
7,000-year day, the moon and stars also appeared--to influence the tides and to be ready
to mark time in the night for man's convenience. We are not to suppose that the
development of plant life ceased during the fourth day, but rather that it progressed
--the increased influence of sun and moon serving to bring forward still other varieties
of grass and shrubs and trees. Geology shows advances, too, at this period--insects,
snails, crabs, etc. Fish-bones and scales are found in coal seams, too; but this does not
disturb the order; for the formation of coal-beds evidently continued after the third
day--thus running into the Reptilian period. This "day" corresponds most closely
with what geology designates the "Trias" period. Evening and
morning--Day Four of seven thousand years, or 28,000 years from the starting of this
work--closed, witnessing great progress in the earth's preparation for man.

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The Fifth Creative Epoch-Day

And God said, Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures, and let fowl
fly above the earth in the open atmosphere of heaven. And God created great whales and
every living creature that moveth, with which the waters swarm, after their KIND, and
every winged fowl after its KIND. And it was as God designed.

How the warm oceans of the earth swarmed with living creatures, from the jellyfish to
the whale, may be judged by the profusion of life in the warm southern seas at the present
time. Reptiles, living partly in the water and partly on the land (amphibious) belong also
to this period, during which present continents and islands were gradually rising and
again subsiding, at one time deluged by larger or smaller rings coming down, and at
another washed by tidal waves. No wonder the remains of shellfish, etc., are found in the
highest mountains. And no wonder the immense beds of limestone in all parts of the world
are sometimes called "shellfish cemeteries," because composed almost exclusively
of conglomerate shells. What a swarming there must have been when those untellable
trillions of little creatures were born, and, dying dropped one by one their little
shells! We read that--God blessed them in multiplying. Yes, even so lowly an existence and
for so brief a time is a favor, a blessing. Let us not contend for more than the Scripture
record demands. The Bible does not assert that God created separately and individually the
myriad kinds of fish and reptiles; but merely that divine influence, or spirit, brooded,
and by divine purpose the sea brought forth its creatures of various kinds. The
processes are not declared--one species may, under different conditions, have developed
into another; or from the same original protoplasm different orders of creatures may have
developed under differing conditions. No man knoweth, and it is unwise to be dogmatic. It
is not for us to dispute that even the protoplasm of the paleozoic slime may not have come
into existence through chemical action of the highly mineralized waters

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of those seas. What we do claim is, that all came about as results of divine intention
and arrangement, and, hence, were divine creations, whatever were the channels and
agencies. And we claim that this is shown by the facts of nature no less than by the words
of Genesis; that however the creatures of the sea were produced, they were brought to the
condition in which each is, of its own kind--where the lines of species cannot be
overridden. This is God's work, by whatever means brought about. This day, or epoch,
corresponds very well to the Reptilian age of the scientist. Evening and morning--Day
Five-- 35,000 years from the commencement of the work of ordering the earth as man's home
and kingdom.

The Sixth Creative Epoch-Day

And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind
--cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after its kind. And it was so; God
made the beast of the earth after its kind and cattle after their kind and earth-reptiles
after their kind. And God saw it was so done and approved.

By this time matters on this earth were becoming more settled; the crust was thicker by
hundreds of feet of sand and clays and shells and coal, and various other minerals
gathered, some from crumbling rocks thrown up by earthquakes, some from the
"rings" once surrounding the earth, and some from animal and vegetable deposits;
besides, the earth itself must have cooled considerably during those 35,000 years. A
sufficiency of earth's surface was now above the sea, and well drained by mountain ranges
and valleys to be ready for the lower animals, which are here divided into three kinds:
(1) earth-reptiles, cold-blooded, breathing creatures--lizards, snakes, etc.; (2) beasts
of the earth, or wild beasts, as differentiated from domestic animals, specially suited to
be companions for man, and here referred to as (3) cattle. The air also by this time would
be purified of elements unsuited to breathing animals, absorbed from it by the rank
vegetation of the carboniferous period, as the excessive hydro-carbons had been absorbed
from the

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oceans by the minute shellfish, preparatory to the swarming of sea creatures which
breathe. Here, again, we need not quarrel needlessly with Evolutionists. We will concede
that, if God chose, he could have brought all the different species of animal life into
being by a development of one from the other, or he could have developed each species
separately from the original protozoan slime. We know not what method he adopted, for it
is revealed neither in the Bible nor in the rocks. It is, however, clearly revealed that
in whatever way God chose to accomplish it, he has fixed animal species, each
"after his kind" in such a manner that they do not change; in such a manner that
the ingenuity of the human mind has not succeeded in assisting them to change. Here is the
stamp of the intelligent Creator upon his handiwork; for had "Nature" or
"blind force" been the creator, we would still see it plodding blindly on, at
times evoluting and at times retrograding; we would see no such fixity of species as we
behold all about us in nature. We may reasonably assume that it was just at the close of
the sixth epoch-day that God created man; because his creation was the last, and it is
distinctly stated that God finished his creative work, not on the sixth, but
"on the seventh day"--the division of the man into two persons, two sexes,
being, evidently, the final act.

And God said, We will make man in our image, and after our likeness; let them have
dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and
over all the earth, and over every reptile that creeps upon the earth. So God created man
in his image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them, and God
blessed them and said unto them, Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue
and control it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the fowl of the heavens
and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.

In view of our remarks, foregoing, that the Scripture language does not forbid the
possibility of the plants, water-creatures and land-creatures being more or less
developed, or evolved, in their various kinds, it may be well for us to

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note the wide difference in the language used when referring to man's creation. The
latter is a specific declaration of the direct exercise of divine creative power, while
the others are not, but rather imply a development: "And the earth brought forth
grass," etc. "Let the waters bring forth the creeping creature,"
etc. "Let the earth bring forth living creature after his kind,
cattle," etc. There are two accounts of the creation--the one we have just been
considering, which treats the matter briefly and in its epochal order, and another which
follows it in `Genesis 2:4-25`. In other words, the division of the chapters was at a
wrong place--the two accounts should each constitute a chapter. The second one is a
commentary on the first, explanatory of details. "These are the generations," or
developments, of the heavens and the earth and their creatures, from a time before there
was any plant or herb. The first and principal account gives the word "God" when
speaking of the Creator; and the second, or commentary account, points out that it was
Jehovah God who did the entire work--"in the day" that he made the heavens and
the earth--thus grasping the whole as one still larger epoch-day, including the work of
the six already enumerated. The word God in the first chapter is from the common Hebrew
word Elohim, a plural word which might be translated Gods, and which, as
we have already seen, signifies "mighty ones."* The "Only
Begotten" of the Father was surely his active agent in this creative work, and he may
have had associated with him in the execution of its details a host of angels to whom also
the word elohim would be applicable here as elsewhere in the Scriptures.+ It is
appropriate, therefore, that the second, or commentary, account should call our attention
to the fact that Jehovah the Father ---------- *See Volume V, pp. 72,73. +Ibid.

::page 39::

of all was the Creator, whoever may have been used as his honored representatives and
instruments. The added particulars of the second account respecting man's creation may
properly be considered here. It declares:

Jehovah God formed man of dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the
breath of lives, and the man became a living being.

God was glorified in all his previous works and in every creature, however
insignificant, even though none of them could properly render him thanks or appreciate him
or even know him. The divine purpose had foreseen all this from the beginning, and was
preparing for man, who was intended to be the masterpiece of the earthly, or animal,
creation. It is not said of man as of the sea creatures, "Let the seas swarm,"
nor as with the lower earthly animals, "Let the earth bring forth"; but it is
recorded, on the contrary, that he was a special creation by his Maker, "made in his
own image." It matters not whether the image of the Elohim be understood or
the image of Jehovah, for were not the Elohim "sons of God," and in his
likeness in respect to reasoning power and moral intelligence? We are not to understand
this "image" to be one of physical shape; but, rather, a moral and intellectual
image of the great Spirit, fashioned appropriately to his earthly conditions and nature.
And as for the "likeness," it doubtless relates to man's dominion--he was to be
king of earth and its teeming creatures, like as God is the King of the entire universe.
Here is the battlefield between God's Word and so-called Modern Science, to which the
whole world, especially the learned--including the leaders of thought in all theological
seminaries, and the ministers in all the prominent pulpits, are bowing down--worshiping
the scientific God called "Evolution." The two theories are squarely at issue:
if the Evolution theory be true, the Bible is false from Genesis to Revelation. If the
Bible be true, as we hold, the Evolution theory is utterly false in all its deductions as
respects man.

::page 40::

It is not alone the Genesis account of man's creation in the divine image that must
determine the matter, strong as are the declarations of the Word: the entire theory of the
Bible supports the Genesis record, and stands or falls with it. For, if man was created
otherwise than pure and perfect and mentally well endowed, he could not, truthfully, have
been called an "image of" God; nor could his Creator have placed him on trial
in Eden to test his fitness for everlasting life; nor could his disobedience in the eating
of the forbidden fruit have been accounted sin and punishable, as it was, by a death
sentence; nor would it have been necessary to have redeemed him from that sentence.
Moreover, "the man Christ Jesus" is declared to have been the
"anti-lutron," the ransom-price (or corresponding price) for this first
man's guilt, and he must, therefore, be considered a sample, or illustration, of what the
first man was, before he sinned and passed under the divine condemnation of death. We
know, too, that there are today, as there have been in the past, many noble natural men,
all of whom God declares are sinners, and, as such, unrecognizable by Jehovah, except as
they penitently approach him in the merit of Christ's sacrifice and obtain his
forgiveness. The standing of all who thus come unto God is declared to be only of his
grace, under the robe of Christ's righteousness. And the outcome, we are informed, must be
a resurrection, or restitution, to perfection ere any can be personally
and entirely satisfactory to the Creator. And yet it was this same Creator who communed
with Adam before his transgression and called him his son, and who declares that Adam and
we, his children, became "children of wrath" and passed under condemnation
because of sin, which Adam did not have when created a "son of God." `Luke 3:38`
So surely as "all the holy prophets since the world began" have declared the
coming Millennium to be "times of restitution of all things spoken," so
surely the Evolution theory is in violent antagonism to the utterances of God through all

::page 41::

the holy prophets. For restitution, so far from being a blessing to the race, would be
a crime against it if the Evolution theory be correct. If by blind force or other
evolutionary processes, man has been climbing up by tedious endeavors and laborious
efforts, from protoplasm to oyster, and from oyster to fish, and from fish to reptile, and
from reptile to monkey, and from monkey to lowest man, and from lowest man to what we
are--then it would be a fearful injury to the race for God to restore it to what
Adam was, or possibly to force the restitution further--back to protoplasm. There is no
middle ground on this question; and the sooner God's people decide positively in accord
with his Word the better it will be for them, and the more sure they will be of not
falling into some of the no-ransom and evolutionary theories now afloat and seeking to
deceive, if it were possible, the very elect. Let God be true, though it prove every
Evolutionist a liar. `Romans 3:4` We cannot here go into the details of Adam's creation,
to discuss his organism, or body, his spirit, or breath of life, and how these united
constituted him a living being, or soul. This has already been presented in a different
connection.* Their fruitfulness in posterity was evidently in no manner connected with the
transgression, as some have assumed, but was a part of the divine blessing. The only
relationship of the fall and its curse, or penalty, in this respect was, as stated, an increase
of the mother's conceptions and sorrows, corresponding to the man's labor and sweat of
face. These have borne the more heavily in proportion as the race has become degenerate
and weak, mentally and physically. The object of the fruitfulness will have been attained
when a sufficient progeny has been born to ultimately fill (not replenish) the
earth. True, an immense number have already been born--possibly fifty thousand
millions--and are now asleep in the great prison-house of death; but these are none too
many; for the present land ---------- *Volume V, Chap. xii.

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surface of earth if all made fit for man, as it ultimately will be, would hold two or
three times this number--without taking into consideration the possibility of other
continents being raised from the depths of the seas as the present ones were in the past.
Scientists of a skeptical turn of mind have for a long time been seeking to prove that man
was on the earth long before the period assigned in Genesis, and every bone found in the
lower clays or gravels is scrutinized with a view to making the scientist a world-wide
reputation as the man who has given the lie to the Word of God. We have already referred
to the unreliability of such evidences,* as the finding of arrow-heads amongst the gravel
of an early period. In some cases at least these have been proven to have been the work of
modern Indians, who had shaped them near the spot where they found the suitable
flint-stones.+ ---------- *We are not ignorant of the theory of a pre-Adamite man and the
attempt thus to account for the different races of the human family. But we stick to the
Bible as God's revelation and, hence, superior to all human conjectures. It declares the
solidarity of the human family in no uncertain terms, saying: "God made of one
blood all nations of men." (`Acts 17:26`) And again that Adam was "the first
man." (`1 Cor. 15:45,47`) Again the story of the deluge is most explicit to the
effect that only eight human beings were saved in the ark, and they all children of
Noah--descended from Adam. The variety of human types, or races, must be accounted for
along the lines of climate, customs, food, etc., and especially along the lines of the
seclusion of the various peoples in various quarters from each other, by which
peculiarities became fixed. This is illustrated by the fact that Europeans living for a
long time amongst the people of India or China gain a measure of resemblance to their
neighbors, while their children, born in those lands, bear a still stronger resemblance in
skin and features--affected no doubt by the mother's surroundings during the period of
gestation. An illustration of such assimilation is furnished by the Chinese of one
district, who identify themselves with the Israelites scattered by the troubles which
closed the Jewish age--about A.D. 70. These Jews have become so thoroughly Chinese as to
be undistinguishable as Jews--the hardiest of races. +Volume II, pp. 34,35.

::page 43::

At a meeting of the Victoria Philosophical Institute not very long ago it was
stated that "a careful analysis had been undertaken by Professor Stokes, F.R.S., Sir
J. R. Bennett, Vice-Pres. R.S., Professor Beale, F.R.S., and others, of the various
theories of Evolution, and it was reported that, as yet, no scientific evidence
had been met with giving countenance to the theory that man had been evolved from a lower
order of animals; and Professor Virchow had declared that there was a complete absence of
any fossil type of a lower stage in the development of man; and that any positive advance
in the province of prehistoric anthropology has actually removed us further from proofs of
such connection--namely, with the rest of the animal kingdom. In this, Professor Barraude,
the great paleontologist, had concurred, declaring that in none of his investigations had
he found any one fossil species develop into another. In fact, it would seem that no
scientific man had yet discovered a link between man and the ape, between fish and frog,
or between the vertebrate and the invertebrate animals; further, there was no evidence of
any one species, fossil or other, losing its peculiar characteristics to acquire new ones
belonging to other species; for instance, however similar the dog to the wolf, there was
no connecting link, and among extinct species the same was the case; there was no gradual
passage from one to another. Moreover, the first animals that existed on the earth were by
no means to be considered as inferior or degraded." We quote briefly from Sir J. W.
Dawson, LL.D., F.R.S., from his summary of his recent findings respecting "The
Meeting Place of Geology and History." He says:

"We have found no link of derivation connecting man with the lower animals which
preceded him. He appears before us as a new departure in creation, without any direct
relation to the instinctive life of the lower animals. The earliest men are no less men
than their descendants, and up to the extent of their means, inventors, innovators, and
introducers of new modes of life, just as much as they. We have not even been able as yet
to trace man back to the harmless

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golden age [of Paradise]. As we find him in the caves and gravels he is already a
fallen man, out of harmony with his environment and the foe of his fellow creatures,
contriving against them instruments of destruction more fatal than those furnished by
nature to the carnivorous wild beasts....Man, as to his body, is confessedly an animal, of
the earth earthy. He is also a member of the province vertebrata, and the class mammalia;
but in that class he constitutes not only a direct species and genus, but even a distinct
family, or order. In other words, he is the sole species of his genus, and of his family,
or order. He is thus separated by a great gap from all the animals nearest to him; and
even if we admit the doctrine, as yet unproved, of the derivation of one species from
another in the case of lower animals, we are unable to supply the 'missing links' which
would be required to connect man with any group of inferior animals....No fact of science
is more certainly established than the recency of man in geological time. Not only do we
find no trace of his remains in the older geological formations, but we find no remains of
the animals nearest to him; and the conditions of the world in those periods seem to unfit
it for the residence of man. If, following the usual geological system, we divide the
whole history of the earth into four great periods, extending from the oldest rocks known
to us, the eozoic, or archaean, up to the modern, we find remains of man, or of his works,
only in the latest of the four, and in the latter part of this. In point of fact, there is
no indisputable proof of the presence of man until we reach the early modern period.
...There is but one species of man, though many races and varieties; and these races, or
varieties, seem to have developed themselves at a very early time, and have shown a
remarkable fixity in their later discovery. ...The history in Genesis has anticipated
modern history. This ancient book is in every way trustworthy, and as remote as possible
from the myths and legends of ancient heathenism."

Prof. Pasteur, the great bacteriologist, was an outspoken opponent of Darwinism; and
expressed himself as follows:

"Posterity will one day laugh at the foolishness of the modern materialistic
philosophers. The more I study nature, the more I stand amazed at the works of the
Creator. I pray while I am engaged in my work in the laboratory."

Virchow, the Russian savant, though not a professed Christian, was similarly opposed to
the Darwinian theory of the development of organic beings from inorganic, and

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declared: "Any attempt to find the transition from animal to man has ended in a
total failure. The middle link has not been found and will not be found. Man is not
descended from the ape. It has been proved beyond a doubt that during the past five
thousand years there has been no noticeable change in mankind." Other naturalists
have also raised their voices against the Darwinian views. In view of these facts how
foolish appear the occasional essays of "Doctors" or "Professors" who
feign learning by discussing "missing links" or suggesting that the little toes
of human feet are becoming useless and will soon be "dropped by nature" as
"monkey tails have already been dropped." Have we not mummies well preserved
nearly four thousand years old? Have we not life-sized, nude statuary nearly as old? Are
tails shown on any of these? Are their little toes anywise different from ours of today?
Is not the whole tendency of all nature downward? With plants and the lower animals is not
man's wisdom and aid necessary to the maintenance of highest types? And with men is not
the grace of God necessary to his uplift, and to hinder gross degeneracy such as we see in
"Darkest Africa"? And is not this in accord with Scripture? `Rom. 1:21,24,28` It
is appropriate that the Lord's people keep well in mind the caution bestowed on Timothy by
the Apostle Paul: "O Timothy,...avoid profane and vain babblings, and oppositions of
science falsely so-called." (`1 Tim. 6:20`) To see any truth clearly we must look
from the standpoint of the divine revelation. We must "See light in His light."
Then looking abroad through nature under the guidance of nature's God, the effect will be
to expand both heart and intellect, and to fill us with admiration and adoration as we
catch panoramic glimpses of the glory, majesty and power of our Almighty Creator. Evening
and morning, Day Six, at its close, 42,000 years after "work" began, found the
earth ready for man to subdue

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it--yet still, as a whole, unfit for him. Knowing in advance of his creature's
disobedience (and of his entire plan connected with his sentence of death, his redemption
and the ultimate recovery from sin and death of all rightly exercised by their
experiences), God did not wait the creation of man until the earth would all be ready for
him, but merely prepared a Paradise, a garden in Eden--perfecting it in every way for the
brief trial of the perfect pair--leaving to mankind, as convict laborers, the work of
"subduing" the earth and at the same time gaining thereby valuable lessons and
experiences.

The Seventh Epoch-Day of the Creative Week

And on the Seventh day God ended the work which he had made; and he rested on the
seventh day from all his work which he had made.

Noting the upward, progressional sequence of the six days, and keeping in memory the
fact that the number seven of itself implies completion and perfection, we naturally would
expect the Seventh Epoch-Day to be more marvelous than its predecessors. And so we find
it: only that its important part is for a time--until the "due time"--shut to
our mental eyes of understanding by the general statement that God rested on the seventh
day from all his work. How strange that he should rest the creative work at a point where
it seemed just ready for completion, as though a workman should prepare all the materials
for a structure and then desist from further activities without accomplishing his original
intentions! But the whole matter opens grandly before us when we perceive that Jehovah God
rested his work of creation, ceased to prosecute it, because in his wisdom he foresaw that
his designs could best be executed by another means. God saw best to permit his creature
Adam to exercise his free will and fall under temptation into sin and its legitimate
penalty, death--including a long period, 6,000 years of dying and battling, as a convict,
with evil environment.

::page 47::

God saw best to permit him thus as a convict to do a part of the subduing of the earth;
that to bring it as a whole toward its foretold Paradisaic condition would be profitable
to man under the circumstances; that it would be expedient that man realize the principles
underlying divine righteousness and the exceeding sinfulness of sin, and be thus prepared
for the grace to be brought to the world in due time. However, one of the chief reasons
for Jehovah's cessation of the creative work undoubtedly was that it might be accomplished
by another--by his Only Begotten--in a manner that would not only glorify the Son, but
glorify the Father also, by displaying the perfections of the Divine attributes as no
other course could do. This was by the giving of his Son to be man's redeemer--an
exhibition not only of Divine Justice, which could by no means violate the decree that
"the wages of sin is death," but which simultaneously illustrated Divine
Love--compassion for his fallen creatures to the extent of the death of his Son on man's
behalf. Divine Wisdom and Power will also ultimately be exhibited in every feature of the
arrangement when completed. It may be suggested that for the Father to desist from the
perfecting of the creative plan in order that the Son might do this work during the
Millennium, by processes of restitution, would be no different from the previous creative
operations, all of which were of the Father and by the Son-- without
whom was not anything made that was made. But we answer, No. The relationship of the Son
to the work of restitution with which this Seventh Epoch-Day will close and bring
terrestrial perfection, will be wholly different from any of his previous works. In all
the previous creations the Son simply acted for Jehovah, using powers and energies not in
any sense his own; but in this grand work to come he will be using a power and authority
that are his own--which cost him 34 years of humiliation, culminating in his crucifixion.
By that transaction, which the Father's wisdom and love planned for him, he
"bought" the world,

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bought Father Adam and all his progeny, and his estate-- the earth--with all his title
to it as its monarch "in the likeness of God." The Father delighted to honor the
"First Begotten," and therefore planned it thus, and rested, or ceased from
creative processes, that the Son might thus honor him and be honored by him. God rested,
not in the sense of recuperating from weariness, but in the sense of ceasing to create. He
beheld the ruin and fall of his noblest earthly creation through sin, yet put forth no
power to stay the course of the death sentence and started no restitutional procedures.
Indeed, by the law which he imposed, he precluded any opportunity for his exercise of
mercy and clemency toward Adam and his race, except through a ransomer. The penalty being
death, and that without limit--everlasting death, "everlasting destruction"
--and it being impossible for God to lie, impossible for the Supreme Judge of the universe
to reverse his own righteous decree, it was thus rendered impossible for the Creator to
become directly the restorer of the race, or in any sense or degree to continue his
creative work in the condemned man or in his estate, the earth. Thus did Jehovah God
manifest his confidence in his own great plan of the ages, and in his Only Begotten Son to
whom he has committed its full execution. This confidence of the Father in the Son is used
by the Apostle as an illustration of how our faith should so grasp the Anointed One that
we also can trust every interest and concern to him, as respects ourselves and our dear
friends and the world of mankind in general: the Apostle's declaration is--"We who
have believed do enter into rest....He that is entered into his rest, he also hath ceased
from his own works, as God did from his." Believers, like God, have perfect
confidence in Christ's ability and willingness to carry out all of Jehovah's great
projects in respect to our race, and therefore rest, not from physical weariness,
but from concern, from anxiety, from any desire to take the matter out of Christ's charge,
or to attempt to secure the result by any other means.

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If our Creator's resting, or desisting from coming promptly to the relief of his fallen
creatures, has in any degree the appearance of indifference or neglect, it was not really
so, but merely the outworking of the wisest and best means for man's assistance--through a
Mediator. If it is suggested that the restitution work should have commenced sooner, we
reply that the period of the reign of Sin and Death, 6,000 years, has been none too long
for the bringing forth by births of a race sufficient in number to "fill the
earth"; none too long to give all a lesson in the "exceeding sinfulness of
sin" and the severe wages it pays; none too long to let men try their own devices for
their own uplift and note their futility. The coming of our Lord at his first advent to redeem
(purchase) the world so that he would have a just, equitable right to come again to bless,
uplift and restore all who will accept his grace, although it was more than 4,000 years
after the blight of sin and death entered, is, nevertheless, declared in Scripture to have
been in God's due time: "In due time God sent forth his Son." Indeed, we see
that it would not even then have been due time, except for the divine purpose to call and
gather and polish and make ready the elect Church to share with the Redeemer in the great
Millennial work of blessing the world--God foreseeing that it would require this entire
Gospel age for this election, sent his Son for the redemptive work just long enough in
advance to accomplish it.

The Period of Divine Cessation, or Rest, from Creative and Energizing Activity in
Connection with the Earth

How long is it since Jehovah ceased, or rested in, his creative work? We reply that it
is now a little more than six thousand years. How long will his rest, or cessation,
continue? We answer that it will continue throughout the Millennium--the thousand years of
the reign of the great Mediator, effecting "the restitution of all things which God
hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the

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world began." (`Acts 3:21`) Will the confidence of Jehovah in the outworking of
his plan, which led him thus to rest it all in the care of Jesus prove to have been fully
justified? will the conclusion be satisfactory? Jehovah God, who knows the end from the
beginning, assures us that it will, and that the Son, at whose cost the plan is being
executed, "shall see of the travail of his soul and be satisfied." (`Isa.
53:11`) Yea, all believers who are resting by faith in their Redeemer's work--past and to
come--may have full assurance of faith that "eye hath not seen nor ear heard, neither
hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive the things which God hath in reservation
for those who love him," specially for the Church; but also the lengths and breadths
and heights and depths of love and mercy and restitutional blessings, for all those of the
non-elect world, who in their Millennial day of grace shall heartily accept the wonderful
divine provisions on the divine terms. Six thousand years past and one thousand years
future, seven thousand years of Jehovah's "rest," will carry us to the time when
the Son's Millennial reign shall cease because of having accomplished its design--the
restitution of the willing and obedient of mankind to the divine image, and the
subjugation of the earth under man, as his estate, his kingdom. Then the Mediatorial
throne and reign having served their purpose, and all corrupters of the earth having been
destroyed, "the Son shall deliver up the Kingdom to God, even the Father"--by
delivering it to mankind for whom it was originally designed, as it is written.* (`1 Cor.
15:24-28`) "Then shall the King say unto them,...Come, ye blessed [approved] of my
Father, inherit the Kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the
world"--mundane creation. `Matt. 25:31-34` It is the length of this Seventh
Epoch-Day, so distinctly marked by history and prophecy, that furnishes us the clue to the
length of all the other epoch-days of the creative ---------- *See Vol. I, p. 305; Vol. V,
p. 469; Vol. IV, pp. 617, 644, 645.

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Week. And the whole period of seven times seven thousand years, or forty-nine thousand
years, when complete, will lead up to and introduce the great Fiftieth, which we have
already noted* as prominent in the Scriptures, as marking grand climaxes in the divine
plan; Israel's day Sabbaths culminating in 7 x 7 equals 49, leading to and introducing the
fiftieth, or Pentecost, with its rest of faith; their year Sabbaths 7 x 7 equals 49,
introducing the fiftieth, or Jubilee, year; the still larger cycle of 50 x 50, marking the
Millennium as Earth's great Jubilee. And now, finally, we find the Sabbath, or seven-day
system, on a still larger scale measuring earth's creation, from its inception to its
perfection, to be 7 times 7,000 years equals 49,000 years, ushering in the grand epoch
when there shall be no more sighing, no more crying, no more pain and no more dying,
because God's work of creation shall then have been completed so far as this earth is
concerned. No wonder that that date should be marked as a Jubilee date! The angelic sons
of God "shouted for joy" (`Job 38:7`) in the dawn of earth's creative week, and
after witnessing step after step in the development, finally saw man, its king, made in
the divine image. Then came the fall by disobedience into sin and death, and the frightful
experiences of fallen angels who kept not their primary estate, and man's selfish and
bloody history under the reign of Sin and Death. Then successively follow the redemption,
the selection of the Anointed One (head and body) through sacrifice, and the establishment
of the Messianic Kingdom with its wonderful restitution of all things spoken by God
through the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began. No wonder indeed that
there should be a Jubilation in heaven and in earth when all of Jehovah's intelligent
creatures shall thus behold the lengths, heights and breadths and depths, not only of
God's Love, but also of his Justice and Wisdom and Power. ---------- *See Volume II, Chap.
vi.

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Surely the New Song can then be sung by all of God's creatures, both in heaven and in
earth, saying:

"Great and marvelous are thy works, Lord God, Almighty! Just and true are thy
ways, thou King of the ages! Who shall not reverence thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name?
For thou only art bountiful. For all peoples shall come and worship before thee, Because
thy righteous doings are made manifest." `Rev. 15:3,4`

"Thus saith the Lord that created the heavens: God himself that formed the
earth and made it; he hath established it. He created it not in vain, he formed it to be
inhabited." `Isa. 45:18`

"And every creature which is in heaven and on earth...and such as are in the
sea...heard I saying, Blessing and honor and glory and power be unto him that sitteth upon
the throne and unto the Lamb, forever and forever." `Rev. 5:13`

Since writing the foregoing we find the following on the subject from the pen of Prof.
G. Frederick Wright, D.D., LL.D., under date Nov. 19th, 1902, on the Genesis account of
creation.

The Genesis Record

"The first chapter of Genesis, which treats of the creation of the world, is a
most remarkable document. It is remarkable as much for the skill with which it avoids
possible conflict with scientific discovery as for its effectiveness from a literary point
of view. Measured by the influence it has had, there is scarcely any other piece of
literature that can be compared with it. Its evident object is to discredit polytheism and
to emphasize the unity of the Godhead. This it does by denying a plurality of gods, both
in general and in detail, and by affirming that it is the one eternal God of Israel who
has made the heavens and the earth and all the objects in it which idolators are in the
habit of worshiping. "The sublimity of this chapter is seen in the fact that
everywhere apart from the influence of it polytheism and idolatry prevail. The unity of
God and his worship as the sole Creator of all things are maintained only by those nations
which have accepted this chapter as a true and divine revelation.

Compatible with Science

"At the same time the advancement of science has served rather to enhance than to
detract from our admiration of this remarkable portion of the grand book of divine
revelation. Within its ample folds

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there is opportunity for every real discovery of science to find shelter. With such
remarkable wisdom has the language of this chapter been chosen to avoid conflict with
modern science that so great a geologist as Prof. J. D. Dana of Yale College asserted with
great emphasis that it was impossible to account for it except on the theory of divine
inspiration. "In the opening verse it shuts off controversy concerning the age of the
earth, and indeed of the solar system, by the simple statement that the heaven and the
earth were created in the 'beginning,' without any assertion how long ago that beginning
was. But that the solar system had a beginning is proved by modern science with such
clearness that the boldest evolutionist cannot gainsay it. The modern doctrine of the
conservation of energy proves that the present order of things has not always existed. The
sun is cooling off. Its heat is rapidly radiating and wasting itself in empty space. In
short, the solar system is running down, and it is as clear as noonday that the process
cannot have been going on forever. Even the nebular hypothesis implies a beginning, and no
wit of man ever devised a better statement of that fact than is found in the opening verse
of the Bible.

Creation Was Gradual

"This whole first chapter of Genesis is based upon the principle of progress in
this method of creation. The universe was not brought into existence instantaneously. It
was not complete at the outset. In the beginning we have merely the physical forces out of
which the grand structure is to be made by a gradually unfolding, or if one prefers to say
so, an 'evolutionary' process.* This is equally true whatever view one may take of the
word 'day' (Hebrew 'yom'). Why should an Almighty Creator need six days, even if only
twenty-four hours long, to create the world in? The answer is that the Creator not only
possesses almighty power, but has infinite wisdom, and has seen fit to choose a method of
creation which involves 'first the blade, then the ear, then the full corn in the ear.'
"That there is a divine plan of evolution,* appears on the face of this whole
chapter. The creation is begun by bringing into existence the simplest forms of matter,
and continued by imposing upon them those activities of force and energy which produce
light. This is followed by the segregation of the matter which forms the earth, and the
separation of land from water, and of the water upon the earth from that which is held in
suspension in the air. If anyone wishes to ---------- *As already indicated, it is only in
respect to man's creation that the Evolution theory conflicts with the Bible--and only to
attack this point does that theory exist or find advocates.

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carp over the word 'firmament,' and insists upon its bald literal meaning, he is
forbidden to do so by the subsequent statement (`Gen. 1:20`) that the birds are made to
fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. The medium which held up the water in
the clouds was one through which the birds could fly.

Creation of Vegetation

"At the third stage the land was covered with vegetation, which is the simplest
form of life, but which, when once introduced, carries with it the whole developing series
of vegetable products. So comprehensive is the language in which the creation of plants is
announced that it leaves ample room for the theory of spontaneous generation, which is yet
one of the mooted questions in biology. In the light of this how remarkable are the words
'and God said, Let the earth bring forth grass;...and the earth brought forth grass.'
"The same remarkable form of expression occurs in introducing the fifth day of
progress, where we read (`Gen. 1:20`): 'And God said, Let the waters bring forth
abundantly the moving creature that hath life.'...And again, introducing the sixth day's
work the same phrase is used (`Gen. 1:24`) 'Let the earth bring forth the living creature
after his kind.'...If one should insist on interpreting this language according to the
mere letter he would have what neither science nor theology would accept.

A Special Creator

"When it comes to the creation of man a very different expression is used. It is
said that God made man in his own image and breathed into him the breath of life. How much
this may signify with reference to the mode of man's creation it is not necessary to
consider at this point. But the expression fitly corresponds to the exalted dignity which
belongs to man when compared to the rest of the animal creation. The most noteworthy
characteristics of man are brought to light both in this and in the subsequent account of
the beginning of his career. Not only is man said to be made in the image of God, but he
is fitted to rule over the beasts of the field and has the gift of language, through which
he can bestow names upon them. Furthermore, he is a being free of will, who knows the
difference between right and wrong--in short, is in possession of a moral nature which
places him in a class by himself. "That so many things should have been told us about
the creation, with nothing which is absurd and fantastic, and so little which creates any
difficulty in harmonizing it with modern science, is the clearest evidence which we can
have that it was given by divine inspiration. Not even Milton, with all his learning and
with the advantage

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of this account before him, could curb his imagination sufficiently to keep from making
a travesty of his whole conception of the creation of the animal kingdom. What but the
hand of inspiration could have so curbed and guided the writer of the first chapter of
Genesis?

Man Created, Not Evoluted

"There is a vast difference between the size and development in the brain in man
and that in the lower members of the order 'primates.' "Physiologically and
psychologically man differs even more widely from the lower members of his order. He has
the power of grammatical speech. He can arrange his thoughts in sentences, which can be
represented by arbitrary marks on paper or some other substance. Man has an ear for
harmony in music, which no animal has. This involves a delicacy of structure in the organs
of hearing of a most marvelous character. Among his mental qualities, that of scientific
or inductive reasoning is most remarkable when contrasted with the mental capacities of
the animal creation. "In his great work on 'Mental Evolution,' Romanes thinks he
finds in the lower animals all the rudiments of man's mental capacity, but they are so
clearly rudimental that they leave the gap between man and the animal nearly as great as
ever. By collecting all the manifestations of intelligence in animals he finds that they
all together manifest as much intelligence as a child does when it is 15 months old. But
this intelligence is not in any single species, one species being advanced to that degree
in one line, and another, in another....

Reason Versus Instinct

"Keen as the dog's sense of smell may be, it is of no help in teaching him
geology. Nor is the eagle's acuteness of vision of any assistance to him in studying
astronomy. In vain would one conduct a dog over the world to learn the extent of the ice
cap during the glacial period, for he has no powers of thought through which he could
connect the boulders in the United States with their parent ledges in Canada, or the
scratched stones on the plains of Russia with the Scandinavian mountains from whose ledges
they were wrenched by the moving ice. Such inferences are entirely beyond canine
capacity....

Capacity for Religion

"In nothing does this superiority of the human mind appear more striking than in
its capacity to gain religious ideas through literature. There are, indeed, wonderful
exhibitions of learned pigs, which, by some process, can be taught to select a few letters
on blocks so as to

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spell out some simple words. But no animal can be taught to talk intelligibly. To this
statement the parrot even is not an exception, since its words are merely a repetition of
sounds unintelligible even to himself. Much less can an animal be taught to read or to
listen intelligently to an oration or a sermon. "On the other hand, the Bible, which
is a book of the most varied literature, containing the highest flights of poetry and
eloquence ever written, and presenting the sublimest conceptions of God and the future
life that have ever been entertained, has been translated into almost every language under
heaven, and has found in those languages the appropriate figures of speech through which
effectively to present its ideas.... "It is thus, when viewed from the highest
intellectual point of view, that man's uniqueness in the animal creation is best seen.
Intellectually, he stands by himself. The scientific name for the genus to which man
belongs is 'homo,' but the species is 'homo sapiens,' that is, a human frame with human
wisdom attached.... "Alfred Russell Wallace, who independently discovered the
principle of natural selection and published it at the same time with Darwin, instanced
various physical peculiarities in man which could not have originated by natural selection
alone, but which irresistibly pointed to the agency of a superior directing power.

Clothes and Tools

"Among these he cites the absence in man of any natural protective covering. Man
alone of all animals wears clothes. He weaves the fibers of plants into a blanket or
deprives other animals of their skins, and uses them to throw over his own naked back as a
shelter from the inclemency of the weather. The birds have feathers, sheep have a fleece,
other animals have fur admirably adapted for their protection. Man alone is without such
protection, except as he obtains it by the use of his own intelligence. Until we pause to
think of it, we scarcely realize how much intelligence is involved in man's efforts to
secure clothing. Even in so simple a matter as that of securing the skin of another animal
for a robe, he is compelled as a preliminary to be the inventor of tools. No animal was
ever yet skinned without the use of some sort of a knife. "This brings us to another
good definition of man, as a tool-using animal. The nearest approach to the use of tools
by animals is found in the elephant and the monkey. An elephant has been known to seize a
brush with his trunk and by thus lengthening it enabling himself to brush objects off from
otherwise inaccessible portions of his body. A monkey has been known to use a stick in
prying open a door. But no animal has ever been known to fashion a tool; whereas there is

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no tribe of men so low in intelligence that it does not fashion most curious and
complicated tools. "The canoes of the lowest races are most ingeniously formed, and
most perfectly adapted to their needs. The chipped flint implement involves the cherishing
of a farsighted design and the exercise of great skill in carving it out. The ingenious
methods by which savage nations secure fire at will, by friction, would do credit to
civilized man; while the use of the bow and sling and of the boomerang shows inventive
capacity of a very high order with which the animal creation has nothing to compare.

Capacity for Music

"Wallace furthermore adduces the human voice as a development far in excess of
anything that can be produced by natural selection. Monkeys have no music in their souls
and no capacity for music in their vocal organs; whereas even the lowest races of man have
both. The 'folk songs' are the great source to which our leading musical composers go for
their themes. The late Theodore F. Seward, in commenting upon the Negro plantation songs
which he transcribed, says that in their harmony and progression they all conform to the
scientific rules of musical composition. However much of advantage this musical capacity
may be to fully developed man, we cannot conceive of its having been any advantage to an
animal in the low stage of development in which we find the ape. The musical voice that
attracts the ape has only the faintest resemblance to that which is attractive to either
man or woman. "Again, the size of the human brain is out of all proportion to the
mental needs of the highest animal creation below man, and without man's intelligence
would be an incumbrance rather than a help. The two, therefore, must have sprung into
existence simultaneously in order to have presented an advantage which natural selection
could seize hold of and preserve and develop.... "It is difficult to see how it could
have been an advantage to an ape to have the thumb of his hind limb turn into a big toe
which can no longer be used for grasping things, but is useful only as he walks in an
upright position. It is difficult to see what advantage could come to an ape in having his
forelimbs shortened, as they would have to be if they were transformed into the arms of a
man. It is difficult also to see how it should have been of any advantage to an ape to
experience those changes in the adjustment of the hip bone and of the neck which would
prevent his walking at all on all fours, and limit him to walking on two legs and in an
upright position. "In all these respects the difficulty in our understanding the
origin of man from natural selection is increased if we are compelled to suppose

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that it was a very gradual process, and that these changes leading on to the perfection
of the human organization began in an imperceptible, or almost imperceptible, degree; for
such incipient changes could have been of no advantage. To be of advantage they must have
been considerable, and the mental and physical changes must have been correlated in
accordance with some law of pre-established harmony. "The mystery of the origin of
man has not been in the least degree diminished by the Darwinian hypothesis, or by any
light which evolutionary theories have thrown upon it. It is acknowledged by all that
geologically, he is the most recent of the species which have been added to the population
of the earth; while mentally, he towers so far above the lower animals that he is for that
very reason, if for no other, classified by himself. The mystery is how he came into
possession of this high degree of mental power with a bodily frame and a physiological
constitution so completely adapted to its exercise. Those who say that it was exhaled in
some way from the lower orders of intellectual beings, will encounter philosophical
difficulties tenfold greater than do those who accept the simple statement of the Bible,
that his soul is the divine inbreathing--the very image of God."

"Deep in unfathomable mines Of never-failing skill, He treasures up his bright
designs, And works his sovereign will.

"His purposes will ripen fast, Unfolding every hour. The bud may have a bitter
taste, But sweet will be the flower.

"Blind unbelief is sure to err, And scan his work in vain. God is his own
interpreter, And he will make it plain."