Vent Basics: * Explain the process of a BLACK SMOKER-It all starts with the hydrothermal fluid. It combines with sulfur so that it forms black minerals. That is called metal sulfides. These have an appearance of smoke. So later when the fluids rise up it creates black smoke. The temperature can also be a factor that creates this appearance by the drastic change in its temperature.

Vent Boiling Points: * Explain why the boiling point of water changes with depth in the ocean-Boiling points in the ocean change as the pressure increases. An example to demonstrate this can be the ocean. As you dive deeper into the ocean, nearly going to the floor, you can feel pressure almost knocking you out. This also can show that the deeper you go, the cooler it gets.

Vent Chemistry:* Explain how the water chemistry changes in the hydrothermal vent system-Water chemistry can change the hydrothermal vents by having new chemicals in it. Another example is when the water deep down is heated by the magma and as it undergoes, it create seawater chemicals. So when this rises up, it carries the new chemicals with it removing the chemicals of the seawater itself.

Vents Around the World:* Where can hydrothermal vents be found? Give a few examples-You can find the hydrothermal vents in areas where there is volcanic activity going on and as this is happening, the magma gets close to the surface to the heat up the fluids that are already there. This whole activity can be mostly found in the Mid-Ocean Ridge and in Subduction zones deep in the ocean.

Vent Life: *Name some of the critters found around hydrothermal vent systems-Some sea critters found near the hydrothermal vents are... :

Mussels

Microbes

Clams

Crabs

Shrimp

Zoarcid Fish

Dandelion

Tube Worms

Octopus

and more....

Tubeworm Anatomy: * Describe the tubeworm anatomy. Explain the symbiotic relationships that are found within tubeworms-

The tube worm is a fundamental part . It covers the worm for massive protection from the crabs and shrimps.This part can also protect the worm from predators and toxic chemicals that the hydrothermal vents creates.

Plumes are another important part of the tube worm's body. This part has a red color, but only because that is where the blood is stored . The plume can filter oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide in the seawater until the compounds of the cavity bacteria take over.

The job of the muscle is to attach the worm to the tube, to keep it stuck to it.

The cavity is just over loaded with the bacteria. The bacteria make its own chemo synthesis. It's basically the same as photosynthesis, but it's just under sea, and ...for tube worms.

Chemosynthesis: * Explain the different between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis-A couple of main things that shows the difference between the two processes of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis is the sun. It can only reach the plants, and not the bottom of the ocean . As in every case, all living plants need energy to survive since they make photosynthesis. Photosynthesis a process in where plants absorb sunlight, converting them into sugars so that they can make it into carbon dioxide. On the other hand, the Chemosynthesis process only occurs when the fluids of the hydrothermal vents rises , then the microbes living around it take the chemicals from it , and by taking out the hydrogen sulfide, they get energy:)

Hydrothermal Vents quiz

Hydrothermal Biology quiz

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