Bituminous mining began on a small scale in southwestern Pennsylvania during the mid-eighteenth century. During the mid- and late nineteenth century the industry grew enormously, greatly increasing output and the numbers of mines and workers. Thousands of people settled in western Pennsylvania to labor at mines and coke works.

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Anthracite coal strike results in UMWA winning a ten-percent pay raise, shorter work day, and partial recognition enabling it to appoint representatives to a Board of Conciliation that adjudicates labor-management disputes

1905

The Pennsylvania State Police are formed in part to help control labor unrest in the bituminous fields