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Yang: the development of the electric car with good existing batteries

On October 21-24, 2015, in order to "alternative -- the future from now on. Action" as the theme of the 2015 achievements of energy conservation and new energy vehicles industry development planning and the China international exhibition of pure electric vehicles, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles and key components technology exchange exhibition held in Beijing national convention center.The following is the Chinese academy of engineering academician Yang speech records:
Yang: good morning, comrades, and now it should be said that our country electric vehicle development is faster, so much starker choices-and graver consequences-in exactly what to do, some government policy, I also studied the learning of these policies, in the study of the research process, some ideas.For the current car development, some problems of the development of electric vehicles, some views.Here today as much starker choices-and graver consequences-in fast before the arrival of a will, bring up and everyone together to discuss, so there are some and some government policy or views may be a little different, so I think as schools of thought contend, ra also mentioned were discussed.
The problem of the Internet I think, now develops very fast, can have a great effect, in the development of electric vehicles, especially for electric vehicle safety, I hope I can have a good effect.But because this is a just started developing stage, also want to learn more about understanding for discussion, so today I still could not talk about that too much opinion in this aspect, but I really hope it can in electric cars, can play a role.
So there are seventy days, went into the much starker choices-and graver consequences-in, so much starker choices-and graver consequences-in planning period, the electric car development, I want to speak four questions, the first is the battery is the primary decisive factor, the second is much starker choices-and graver consequences-in battery technology, the third is to use existing batteries, development of electric vehicles.The fourth is to control the electric cars total subsidy, clear enterprise development responsibility, about four questions.
Now speak first, is primary decisive factor in the development of electric vehicle batteries, battery safety and specific energy is related to the safety of the electric car trip, and much starker choices-and graver consequences-in electric vehicle's safety and limited driving course, depends on the 12th five-year battery and battery level much starker choices-and graver consequences-in first two or three years.Beyond the level of battery electric car industry, it is a kind of aggressive behavior, will inevitably occur car PaWo, i.e. road after a period of time, or driving course soon, also fuel accident, this will be a great waste of the country and caused a lot of enterprises and individuals to waste.
These problems are not unfounded, but reality is cruel reality.Our country the electric car development soon, in fast, there are a series of problems, need to everyone very well.
The second problem, something about much starker choices-and graver consequences-in battery technology, the first point to be on the premise of safety first, improve the lithium ion battery than energy, lithium ion battery is the main power battery for the long term, it is beyond doubt.To develop high potential of the anode, the current focus is on SanNeng material, and the development of these materials can be high, but its safety, their safety problem.In addition to the cathode for the development of high security, including silicon carbon, soft, hard to talk about these negative, long life battery to development, wide temperature range, high voltage battery.Three yuan level is the battery to improve security, it is a very serious problem now.
Estimates in much starker choices-and graver consequences-in practical monomer ratio energy does not exceed 200 wh/kg.About pure electric bus, I want to emphasize is put forward, the current PaWo, prematurely senile old scores still have, that is from the 11th five-year plan to the twelfth five-year left a lot of problems, many cities of pure electric bus, walk, or go has not completely gone, so these problems also have no, now to prevent to guard against much starker choices-and graver consequences-in continue to produce a similar problem, the problem how to prevention and cure, need you to think.
Safety first, is not one-sided pursuit of high specific energy, this tendency is very serious now, because the goal is to set up course of pure electric vehicles to constantly improve, therefore requires specific energy of the battery to improve, so now the security issues, and made no mention of the first to pay attention to such a position, because the battery is a device that can contain all have different degrees of risk, lithium ion batteries to improve than energy, but safety first.To use high security priority of battery, willing to sacrifice some specific energy.To control the size of the design of the battery, will not occur in a chain reaction, is a battery has a problem, battery don't continue to happen around other combustion phenomena such as explosion, in use to construction safety operation procedures, no abuse of the batteries.
Now phosphate battery high safety, low price, wide application.
About the next generation of power battery, a phrase also considered lithium sulfur batteries, due to the lithium ion battery is difficult to realize the electric car 50 km journey, Japan NEDO lithium lithium sulfur, oxygen is put forward after the lithium ion battery, which is simple in theory than energy a thinking and reasoning.So to count on lithium-sulfur battery, I think it is hard to expect, of course, the lithium battery can be in other places, where power requirements is not high, may have the effect of it, but on the power battery, I think the Japanese formulation is to finally.
And the next generation of oxygen power battery is lithium battery, the more dangerous, in addition to just lithium sulfur batteries, then the bifunctional oxygen positive, is a worldwide difficult problem, no good solution for years, so now the new batteries, lithium batteries have encountered such a problem, how many years did not solve, now expect to add to the problem to the lithium battery oxygen on more dangerous, more slim hope.
I think the country can support individual team to research for a long time, but can not be placed high expectations.
Fourth push lead increase and applications of carbon batteries, carbon batteries to keep the lead lead-acid batteries, the advantages of cheap safe raw material easy to get reliable, our national five-year an important achievement, especially in the part of the nuclear power state high discharge cycle life is more than 200000 times, so it can be in electric cars, there are a lot of contribution.
First, at the micro mixing rev. Stop the car, much starker choices-and graver consequences-in before 2020 as the standard, that is all the fuel vehicles have the start-stop function, the lead carbon batteries can play a role.
The second is the micro short-range car as a power source.The third is to add the program electric vehicle power supply, so lead to stepped up efforts to improve the carbon battery industry chain, especially the super active carbon, to vigorously promote the new technology.
The third question, I want to talk about is good use of the existing electric car battery development, is the existing battery should be more mature, don't be aggressive, so how to develop electric cars, is actually how to use the existing well battery.My claim for much starker choices-and graver consequences-in electric vehicle development, the first is to give the green light for small pure electric vehicles at low speed, this here I am again called for, this is already the some of the ministries and commissions of the state recognition, but up to now has not yet been implemented.Because electric cars do small, all contradiction can be solved, can be a lot of energy conservation and emissions reduction, meet the needs of the masses of the people.The second point is big kind of type to pure electric car increase program primarily.Current performance of lithium ion battery can ramble increases the program requirements, lead carbon batteries have nowhere to go.
Should not be the first is the long range of pure electric vehicles as a key, the problem is now in great controversy, recently some ministries of speech, the meeting will keep on pure electric car, I think it is in the present, not a very good development, the focus of the pure electric vehicles is only electric, and at present the specific energy of lithium ion battery, pure electric vehicle actual mileage is 150 km is reasonable, if will more longer battery, more battery car, fuel requires more battery, so it is not reasonable.Some cities now emphasizes only pure electric vehicles, like magic, this is against law, gradual development, including our Beijing.
Byd E6, is the earliest do batteries have 700 kilograms, now come back to make plug-in qin, the effect is very good now, the qin dynasty is actually normal.Tesla everyone think that is very good, it's battery installed 85 KWH, it is told in the recent American friends, so it has now been burned. Car, the car how to burn, mainly from burning inside the battery.It also plans to make affordable, don't make this kind of high-grade, not make, not pure do this kind of upscale.
So our country should be the amount of battery power and set standards, development of low speed minivans, don't make high-speed, the battery can't burden models.
, the second is to develop battery opportunely, increases the electric car, which is in the car with a generator, the generator oil to be burned, but it is the power generator with the internal combustion engine is very small, only about half, so it can be in the last of the line to run, could fuel efficiency by 50%.
Its benefits are many, the existing lithium-ion batteries entirely meet the requirements, a high security.Vehicle in the middle of the road, what is the advantage of a generator to recharge the battery, is that the battery is in the half of the charge and discharge state, it is neither full of also not put out, is in the middle of a charging status.Benefits are the first one is a small internal resistance, heat is small, but filling, safeguard, however, long cycle life, played down the inconsistency problem, and can simplify the power management system, can also use the ripple of the lithium ion battery, although the car oil to be burned, but can save 50% of the oil, benefit a lot.
Countries held by the ministry of transportation last year a trip to the culture of the silk road economic belt, with the two car increase programs, from lianyungang to urumqi left more than five thousand kilometers, along the way without charge, and peer import two passenger cars, oyster sauce is 32, this is a very high level of fuel-efficient, also somebody said, increase the program only in city driving high fuel, but the idea behind.
So to see the program electric cars to summarize, the advantages of the battery will not lack of electricity and over discharge, long life, high safety, can need not charging pile, can travel over a long distance, can charge the battery at night in the parking lot, the user can save money, battery is little, the cost is low, oil-saving rate is above 50, we want to see the degree of each country development of automobile, Japan make deep mixing car is ripe, so fuel cell handlebar it as top priority, I don't think now at that time, not now the top priority, but to solve the current our country can generally promote the use of electric vehicles.Can't follow behind Japan.
The United States is around the inside of the Japanese car patent, it put forward a development plug-in hybrid, which was put forward by the americans.
So China how to go its own way, I think it's to go pure electric drive program, the only electric cars, although there are internal combustion engines but it just power generation, its power does not directly to the wheels.
Program is better than that of the other car, this did not speak in detail, and other car did some contrast.Increases the electric buses, the most easy to make the transition to without subsidies, because it is less dosage, low cost, and cars are the same as life, 12 meters of coach can gradually to one thousand cars, 80 more than 250000, the fuel car use can compensate back to three years in the province of fuel, gas to compensate, there's a problem of a change in perception.
The first change is, with energy saving fuel, to counter the difference, this is the first recognized that, or have to do so.To promote the development of electric vehicles, is the national obligations and responsibilities, this is not to say that I want to do, do not want to do is not to do, but to everyone to work hard, and the third is don't want to pass the electric car high subsidy, cash from the country, the problem is very serious now.All the big car companies, which one car high subsidies, will produce what kind of car, and don't look at these cars can run for a long time, whether can run safely, the subsidies to catch first hand.
Increase electric cars, if able to enjoy the bus fuel subsidies, I think is reasonable, so it calls for a bigger, not even use three years of time, you will take back the cost.Increases the program application of electric cars can be many, including bus, taxi, passenger cars, trucks, this truck Canada has walked in front, a Canadian firm made a hybrid electric truck, is actually increase programs, 17 litres of fuel per hundred kilometers, it is a pure electricity, battery power.
Again is a fuel cell electric vehicles, is actually increases the program, that is to say, this frame like just increase programs, the difference is that it's using a fuel cell power generation in the car, used to think that is a battery pack for fuel cell power balance, but also can as fuel crews take to recharge the battery, increase mileage.Much starker choices-and graver consequences-in don't talk to Japan and the United States, but should hold the point of view, the development of fuel technology, the technology to do, don't mass fuel cell electric vehicles.
Again in other cars, such as gas electric car extended range, chengdu has 90 vehicles, it is said that running is very good, the future photovoltaic power generation efficiency, also can use solar power to increase mileage on the car.
The last question I want to talk about, total control of electric cars, clear enterprise development responsibility.
In may this year, four ministries issued a much starker choices-and graver consequences-in electric car allowance of a standard, according to the standard, I made a calculation, the amount of the subsidy, much starker choices-and graver consequences-in is very big, big to what extent, if achieve 5 million vehicles in 2020, according to the four ministries, much starker choices-and graver consequences-in subsidies to 390 billion, this is the central government subsidies, local government subsidies have not calculate inside.How to calculate, the calculation of early, that is, in 2016, according to the electric car in the whole auto production, at 1%, 2017 2%, 2018 3%, 2019 4%, 2020 5%, according to each year and one percent the proportion of electric cars, can satisfy much starker choices-and graver consequences-in completed five million cars in 2020 such a goal, then complete the goal, the subsidies number is three hundred and ninety billion.
390 billion, how much talent can create so much wealth out of a number, if have the 390 billion, can do a lot of other things, now do subsidies, it is worth not worth it, should should not be.
Long-term high subsidies to effectively promote the development of electric vehicles, I summarized the four, the first automobile production enterprises pursue the highest subsidies pure electric passenger cars, but the battery life is limited, PaWo cars everywhere, national severe losses.
Second, most of the profits of subsidies into auto enterprise, ordinary taxpayers' money to supply the money to buy a car of the rich, caused the social injustice.
The third is the auto production enterprises enjoy interest only, no obligation, so no cost reduction effort to produce the demand for the broad masses of the car.
Fourth, the government financial burden is too heavy, and drive the development of the electric car the effect not beautiful.Our five-year originally ordered 500000 cars, 70 days left now, at 500000 is very difficult to complete.
19 academy of engineering academician of the academy of sciences, we wrote a proposal to countries in the joint, the proposal is handed in on July 8, we suggest that the topic is, about the control of electric vehicle total subsidy, clear enterprise development responsibility, suggested that the main content of three.
First, set a ceiling for much starker choices-and graver consequences-in electric vehicle total subsidy, want to set the upper limit of the state council, rather than let the four ministries to use how much calculate how much money, used to calculate, but first calculate again, hope to set an upper limit of the state council, such as you is eighty billion, one hundred billion, to fix a ceiling.
Second to clear all the responsibility of the auto production enterprises, perfect the policies and measures, we put forward policies and measures is to appropriate subsidies, responsibility index, excess prize, to promote the production, the so-called appropriate subsidies, is much starker choices-and graver consequences-in continue to subsidise the electric car, but amount to reduce, speed up year by year backwards.
Responsibility index is to fuel automobile production enterprises have the responsibility to have obligations, increasing the electric car in the enterprise production and sales of products, the proportion of evil degrees in California have imposed, Switzerland, obvious effect, now has nine states to follow the example of California.
The third suggestion is that continues to strengthen the development of electric vehicle technology innovation support, it is California's policy, it is the core content of the policy is that require auto makers in California sales of passenger cars, small vehicle must contain a certain proportion of zero emission and part of the zero emission vehicle, a change in the proportion of continuously over the years, it requires that by 2020, sales of cars in California, there should be a zero discharge of 6% or 3.5% of the zero emission vehicle.If reach the lowest score in California, reaching targets, if not will be fine, then this has a long-term policy, we also have the some information now.
So we 19 old man together, the average age was 78 years old, is also not old no thing to do, but feel the problem is too serious, so we spent a lot of time for such advice, we think the comparison we can share.
Finally I speak what time, the first of the current battery level determines how much starker choices-and graver consequences-in, electric vehicle industry should develop miniature pure electric vehicles at low speed or increase the program of pure electric vehicles.
The second is the government's responsibility to clear automobile enterprises and production of electric cars, perfect the rewards and punishment policies and measures to accelerate subsidies, make our country much starker choices-and graver consequences-in electric cars on the development of better health.
Much starker choices-and graver consequences-in in continue to increase the specific energy of lithium ion battery safety first, to increase the difference level ground electric vehicle industry.
Third five fuel cell electric vehicle technology we need to study, not the root of foreign make batch on the road, to calm walk yourself's road, thank you.