..However, despite exciting results from animal experiments and promising outcomes from retrospective analyses, there is no robust evidence of specific effects of these drugs to transform current clinical practice...

..The requirements for appropriate ancillary studies, including quality of life and left ventricular function assessment and cost-effectiveness analysis, have been identified. This article reports the discussions that were held...

Upstream therapies for management of atrial fibrillation: review of clinical evidence and implications for European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Part II: secondary prevention

Irene SavelievaDivision of Cardiac and Vascular Sciences, St George s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UKEuropace 13:610-25. 2011

..Part II of the review summarizes the evidence base for the use of upstream therapies for secondary prevention of AF...

Upstream therapies for management of atrial fibrillation: review of clinical evidence and implications for European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Part I: primary prevention

..Despite the lack of formal studies there is a very substantial clinical experience which testifies to the value of hybrid therapy for the management of both atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation...

The results of pacing trials for the prevention and termination of atrial tachyarrhythmias: is there any evidence of therapeutic breakthrough?

..Dual chamber cardioverter-defibrillators with capacity to prevent and interrupt AF may offer more comprehensive and successful treatment for patients with advanced heart disease, frequent paroxysms of AF, and the risk of proarrhythmia...