They look like Barkers ( most spectators I see/own have solid blocks of colour with the exception of Barkers and Cheaneys who seem to use the stripe of brogue punching in a contrasting shade going down the side of the upper.

Instead of those I'd advise you to try on a few pairs of unfussy brown lace-up shoes with leather soles. you may be surprise about the levels of comfort. Look in previous threads here for some suggested brands on a budget. You'll never look back.

Impossible to answer fully because of the significant differences in the various Lasts. However my experience in Vass is a classic Budapester size 41 roughly equates to a 7G on the Church 73 last, Edward Green size 7F on the 202 last and 7.5E on the EG 888 last. To further complicate things the salesmen in EG's London store told me the shoes will give significantly with wear!
No substitute for trying a few different pairs on I'm afraid. If you buy wisely on eBay I guess...

Look on SF B &S eBay etc. for brands you think you currently can't afford & treat yourself ! You are likely to be spending lots of hours in work shoes so make sure they are the absolute best quality you can afford!

Similar thing happened to me (last pair - the one in widow got sun bleached) only solution is to try to make one darker , repeatedly using darker cremes & polishes makes them wearable after several goes & indistinguishable after maybe a year althjough gives them a premature aged look.