Passive Smoking: Long Term Effects

Passive smoking may not directly cause certain diseases related to smoking, but it gives you a chance of developing anything smoking-related, at a higher rate. Studies have shown and confirmed an increased risk in the following:

Bronchitis associated with cigarette smoking will only go away after the smoking has stopped. Even though coughing may become uncomfortable at times, keep in mind it is your body's way of trying to heal by ridding itself of the excess mucous in your chest. Being aware of what is causing your cough will allow you to take the proper course of treatment and hopefully shorten the duration of your cough. I have found an effective natural cough remedy that works to fight coughs caused by the common cold, the flu and bronchitis.

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A cough which accompanies the common cold, flu or a sinus infection is categorized as an acute cough. An acute cough is a cough which lasts less than two to three weeks. In this instance, the normal cause of a cough has found to be stimulation of the cough reflex by postnasal drip and/or clearing of the throat. A cough is considered chronic when it persists for longer than two to three weeks.

A wet cough can be beneficial in aiding the body to expel phlegm from the chest. A wet/ chesty cough can be categorized as being productive or non-productive. Wet coughs are considered to be productive when mucous is being moved from the chest. A cough is considered to be non-productive when mucous is not being expelled from the chest regardless of the coughing.

Effects of Cough in Chronic Bronchitis There are a lot of consequences if cough is persistent and productive especially if you have chronic bronchitis. When you cough you will experience any of the following:

Phlegm is being taken away from the respiratory channels so that unwanted mucus and germs can be eradicated in the body. By doing so, your breathing will be normalized.

' the esophageal (tube from the pharynx to the stomach) ' stomach, liver and pancreas. Passive Smoking and Heart Disease In the early 1990s, studies by Glantz and Parmley estimated that the third leading preventable cause of death in the United States was heart disease. The first two were active smoking and alcohol abuse. It was also found out that non-smokers living with smokers had an increased risk of heart disease of around 30%.

Bronchitis is a condition that exists when an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which are the main air passages that bring air to the lung tissue, exists. When these passages become aggravated they produce mucous, which in turn stimulates coughing in an effort to clear the passages.

A sample of arterial blood is taken in order to do a blood test, which can determine conditions such as mild polychthemia. Chest radiographs reveal conditions such as blebs, diaphragmatic flattening, peribronchial markings, hyperinflation, and bullae. However, the test results cannot be taken as final proof of the existence of chronic bronchitis.

Among active smokers, there is recorded a risk of cancer to: ' the renal pelvis (part of the ureter that receives urine from the kidney), ' possibly the renal adenocarcinoma (the glands of the kidney),

A visit to your physician is recommended for you to recognize the type of cough you have. The physician will also tell you if your cough is associated with chronic bronchitis or a symptom of other illnesses. Moreover, it is he who will tell you the means and ways for you to treat as well as prevent the cough you have. There is no need for you to delay a consultation with your physician. Clich', as it may be "the sooner...the better."

Coughing, most often, is the onset symptom of bronchitis. Being knowledgeable on matters regarding coughing can be most helpful in combating bronchitis especially chronic bronchitis.

With the above-mentioned consequences, it is best to know important ways for coughing to be reduced. 1. Medical studies show that smoking is the main culprit for the development of chronic bronchitis. Hence, if you are a smoker, it is highly recommended for you to stop smoking. Breathing for you will be easy if you decide to stop smoking. It is not only cough that will be reduced but you will have better lungs as well by putting an end to smoking cigarettes.

Passive smoking kills an estimated 53,000 non-smokers per year. It is the 3rd leading cause of preventable death in the U.S. Visit us or share your opinions at the worlds best homepage or free content resource.

2. If you are a non-smoker yet you encounter people around you smoking, it is best to stay away from them because according to some medical findings secondhand smoking is more serious than firsthand smoking.

Methods of Managing Chronic Bronchitis Two methods of managing chronic bronchitis are in vogue at present--inhalation of ipratropium bromide and treatment through sympathomimetic agents. Theophyllinne is also an important therapy, but its uses are limited to a certain cases of the disorder. Patients who exhibit a remarkable improvement in airflow are not given any steroids. Antibiotics have a crucial part to play in the battle against acute infections. Supplemental oxygen is given to those patients who experience difficulties in breathing. Patients are also strongly advised to quit smoking for good, take plenty of nutritional supplements and fluids, and perform exercises to strengthen their respiratory muscles.

A cough can be considered wet/chesty or dry. Many times a cough starts out as being dry and then progresses to being considered a wet/chesty cough. A dry cough is mostly considered a bothersome nuisance. It has no real purpose in helping to rid the body of anything.

Passive Smoking and other Cancers Conventional studies tend to focus on finding the health effects of ETS on the respiratory system. Newer studies have found associations between passive smoking and cervical, bladder, nasal-sinus, and brain cancer.

To some, coughing is but an ordinary illness. However, no one can tell when cough is mild or fatal. When health is being talked about, you need to be extremely concern about it for life is just but once.

3. You need to avoid irritants. Some common irritants which can worsen cough are aerosol products, fumes from chemical substances and dust. 4. When there is a high possibility that you will be exposed to irritants, it is a must for you to wear masks so that there is less chance for you to breathe those.

Causes of Chronic Bronchitis Certain lifestyle habits such as cigarette smoking is mainly responsible for chronic bronchitis. People who live in highly polluted atmospheres also fall prey to this disorder. The above-mentioned factors weaken the lungs and the body's immune system to such as extent that the person is easily infected by bacteria and viruses that attack the respiratory system.

Sana'a Baba is the owner of http://www.CoughNaturalRemedy.com as well as a practicing attorney. As an attorney, I've learned the importance of asking questions and getting as much of the facts as possible. This practice definitely is important when it comes to our bodies and health. When a person is empowered by having knowledge about what is going on with one's body, he/she is more likely to take an active role in seeking the proper treatment when he has an ailment. I have always been a self advocate of trying natural remedies before immediately turning to over- used conventional medicine. For information about getting rid of a cough with a natural remedy visit http://www.CoughNaturalRemedy.com to see what tested and tried natural cough remedy has worked for others.

An examination of a large sample in the United States also showed an elevated heart disease risk of around 20%. Knowing how pervasive heart disease is among non-smokers in the United States, a 20% additional risk is very significant.

Mortality rate after the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis is fifty percent. The terminal event of chronic bronchitis is respiratory failure. Respiratory failure is due to bacterial infections characterized by purulent sputum, fever, and poor ventilation symptoms. The other factors responsible for respiratory failure are seasonal changes, infections of the upper respiratory system, medications, and prolonged exposure to polluting and irrtating agents.

Sputum culture is done in case of patients who have not been hopitalized but display acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. It is one of the methods used to determine the requirement for antibiotic therapy. Protected-tip sputum cultures are done in case of patients who are in hospitals especially if atypical organisms are suspected to cause the excarberation.

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' aggravation of asthma, allergies, and other conditions Passive Smoking and Lung Cancer Non-smokers have a twenty-five percent increased risk of lung cancer when exposed to passive smoking in the home. In a press release by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 9, 1998, it said that the increased risk of lung cancer among non-smoking spouses of smokers was estimated at sixteen percent and in the workplace, an estimated increased risk of seventeen percent. In 2002, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the WHO, a group of 29 experts from 12 countries, convened by the Monographs Programme. They reviewed all major published evidence related to tobacco smoking and cancer.

Airway biopsies can reveal submucosal and mucosal inflammation, hyperplasia of goblet cells, and abnormal smoothness of the muscles on the small noncartilaginous air passage.

A cough is an abrupt, frequently recurring contraction of the "thoracic cavity," which results in an aggressive discharge of air from the lungs that comes with a distinguishing sound.

' parts of the mouth and throat such as the lip, oropharynx (the back of the mouth), larynx (voice box), and hypopharynx (area below the pharynx or throat),

? Infection - the presence of bacteria, virus from a common cold or fungus triggers humanity to develop a cough. ? External factors - cough is evident when an individual is allergic to irritants such as dust, smoke from cigarettes or belches, pollens and some medicinal drugs.

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From then on, researches have proven conclusively that there is not just an increased risk of heart disease but that the risks are non-linear. The increased risks and effects on the heart are unlike that of lung cancer where the risk is almost in proportion to the exposure. In passive smoking, the risk of heart disease may be half that of someone smoking 20 cigarettes a day even though that person is only inhaling 1% of the smoke. New studies reveal that exposure to ETS also causes platelet aggregation, a condition where the blood starts to thicken, and a narrowing of arteries and blood flow reduction when endothelial cells dysfunction.

? Stomach-strain heightens which may lead to "hernia" or "scrotal sac." ? There is increased pressure in your chest. Having so, "air emphysema" may occur.

Tests to Determine Chronic Bronchitis A series of tests are necessary to determine a variety of factors. Needless to say, testing is also essential to make a correct diagnosis of the condition. The results of tests also confirm the extent to which the air passages are obstructed. Some of the tests include pulmonary function testing, blood tests, chest radiograph, electrocardiogram, biopsies, and sputum cultures.

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In addition, one should be aware of whether or not the phlegm is green or yellow in color, which may be indicative of a bacterial infection, in which case one should speak with his physician. If blood appears in the mucous that is coughed up, medical attention should be sought immediately as there may be a serious underlying condition causing the cough. Also, if you experience a shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.

Electrocardiograms pinpoint distrubances, such as arterial fibrillation or flutter and atrial tachycardia having "P" pulmonale, in the supraventricular rhythm.

Studies reveal that more than 90 percent of the people who contract chronic bronchitis comprise smokers. About 15 percent of the cigarette smokers are ultimately diagnosed with respiratory disorders charaterized by obstruction of the airways. Biopsies of bronchial samples of people who have quit smoking thirteen years ago still reveal persistent marks of bronchial inflammation.

One of the manifestations of chronic bronchitis is a productive cough accompanied by phlegm, which obstructs the free flow of air in the bronchial tubes. Chronic bronchitis is a long-term disorder that can last as long as two years. It is the fourth largest killer in the United States of America, and around ten million people fall victim to this disorder every year. About 40,000 deaths due to chronic bronchitis have been recorded annually. It is considered to be the most common chronic obstructive pulmonary illnesses (CODP).

When the air passages in your body are irritated, a cough takes place to do away with the irritants. Causes of Cough There are two reasons why cough occurs - physiological and psychological. The psychological aspect of cough is termed as "habitual coughing." In a medical perspective it is referred to as "steruphilia" wherein an individual loves the sound of coughing or sneezing that is why he practices the said condition. On the other hand, there is also a physiological reason why cough is evident to humanity.

2. Chesty coughs Chesty coughs are commonly known as "productive coughs." The common cause of this type of cough is infection from a virus or bacteria.

Their conclusion: These meta-analyses show that there is a statistically significant and consistent association between lung cancer risk in spouses of smokers and exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke from the spouse who smokes. The excess risk is of the order of 20% for women and 30% for men and remains after controlling for some potential sources of bias and confounding.

? There is aggravation in the "anus" which can worsen piles or crevices from within it. ? Headache oftentimes occur with persistent or aggressive coughing.

Dry cough or sometimes termed as non-productive cough is described to be arid, stiff and exasperating. Apart from being bothersome, dry cough gives you a wearing and strenuous time.

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In order to properly treat a cough, one must first determine the root cause of his cough. Most often, a person will experience significant coughing when experiencing the common cold, the flu, or bronchitis.

The ratio between the measured forced expiratory volume (FEVI) and the forced vital capacity (FVC) defines the severity of chronic bronchitis. One of the signs of severe and long-term chronic bronchitis is progressive decline of FEVI rates. Factors such as age affect the elasticity of the lungs due to which the pulmonary testing of most adults over middle age show a 30ml decline in FEVI. In addition, the blocking of the bronchi due to an increase in the production of sputum does not always indicate chronic bronchitis. Pulmonary testing documents the reversible characteristics of air passage obstruction, and this helps physicians properly diagnose this disorder.

The "vagus nerve" which flows through the lungs into the brain has a major role in the physiological act of coughing. Under this type, the following are broken down into sub-causes:

An understanding of the factors responsible for inflammation in chronic bronchitis makes it easier to manage, control, and treat this disorder.

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