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Abstract

We apply wide-field interferometric microscopy techniques to acquire quantitative phase profiles of ventricular cardiomyocytes in vitro during their rapid contraction with high temporal and spatial resolution. The whole-cell phase profiles are analyzed to yield valuable quantitative parameters characterizing the cell dynamics, without the need to decouple thickness from refractive index differences. Our experimental results verify that these new parameters can be used with wide field interferometric microscopy to discriminate the modulation of cardiomyocyte contraction dynamics due to temperature variation. To demonstrate the necessity of the proposed numerical analysis for cardiomyocytes, we present confocal dual-fluorescence-channel microscopy results which show that the rapid motion of the cell organelles during contraction preclude assuming a homogenous refractive index over the entire cell contents, or using multiple-exposure or scanning microscopy.

Fig. 6 Values of the γ and η parameters that are based on the whole-cell phase profiles, demonstrating that these parameters discriminate between cardiomyocytes beating at 30°C and 23°C (18 cells in each group, 2-3 beating cycles per each cell). Each circle represents a different cardiomyocyte, and the horizontal line at each group represents the average value for all cells in the group.