2) Describe and analyze in detail, drawing on both legal and philosophical scholarship, different justifications for the use of force. 3) Demonstrate the scope, limits, and implications of each of these justifications for the ethics of war. 4) Clarify the moral status of combatants. 5) Clarify in particular who may participate under which circumstances in which wars and why. 6) Apply the findings to a host of special issues, such as guerrilla warfare, drone warfare, terrorism, private military companies, etc. 7) Draw some general conclusions about the nature of war and recommend an attitude towards war which, while not embracing pacifism, is even more skeptical towards war than much of present-day just war theory.