Based on a sample of 1.31 x 10(9) J/Psi events collected with the BESIII detector, an amplitude analysis of the isospin-violating decays eta' -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) and eta' -> pi(0)pi(0)pi(0) is performed. A significant P-wave contribution from eta' -> rho(+/-)eta(-/+) is observed for the first time in

A search for CP violation in D-+/- -> eta 'pi(+/-) and D-S(+/-) -> eta 'pi(+/-) decays is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb(-1), recorded by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The measured CP-violating charge

The ratio R_{\\eta}=\\Gamma(\\eta -> \\pi^+\\pi^-\\gamma)/\\Gamma(\\eta -> \\pi^+\\pi^-\\pi^0) has been measured by analyzing 22 million \\phi \\to \\eta \\gamma decays collected by the KLOE experiment at DA\\PhiNE, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 558 pb^{-1}. The \\eta \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-\\gamma proceeds both via the \\rho resonant contribution, and possibly a non-resonant direct term, connected to the box anomaly. Our result, R_{\\eta}= 0.1856\\pm 0.0005_{stat} \\pm 0.0028_{syst}, points out a sizable contribution of the direct term to the total width. The di-pion invariant mass for the \\eta -> \\pi^+\\pi^-\\gamma decay could be described in a model-independent approach in terms of a single free parameter, \\alpha. The determined value of the parameter \\alpha is \\alpha = (1.32 \\pm 0.08_{stat} +0.10/-0.09_{syst}\\pm 0.02_{theo}) GeV^{-2}

We report the measurement of the ratio $\\Gamma(\\eta \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-\\gamma)/\\Gamma(\\eta \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-\\pi^0)$ analyzing a large sample of $\\phi \\to \\eta \\gamma$ decays recorded with the KLOE experiment at the DA$\\Phi$NE $e^+ e^-$ collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 558 pb$^{-1}$. The $\\eta \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-\\gamma$ process is supposed to proceed both via a resonant contribution, mediated by the $\\rho$ meson, and a non resonant direct term, connected to the box anomaly. The presence of the direct term affects the partial width value. Our result $R_{\\eta}=\\Gamma(\\eta \\to \\pi^+ \\pi^- \\gamma)/\\Gamma(\\eta \\to \\pi^+ \\pi^- \\pi^0)= 0.1838\\pm 0.0005_{stat} \\pm 0.0030_{syst}$ is in agreement with a recent CLEO measurement, which differs by more 3 $\\sigma$ from the average of previous results.

The authors report results for measurements of the decay branching fractions of B{sup 0} to the charmless final states {eta}{omega} and {eta}K{sup 0}, and of B{sup +} to {eta}{rho}{sup +} and {eta}'{pi}{sup +}. None of these decays have been observed definitively. Measurements of the related decays B{sup +} --> {eta}K{sup +}, B{sup +} --> {eta}{pi}{sup +}, and B --> {eta}'K were published recently. Charmless decays with kaons are usually expected to be dominated by b --> s loop (''penguin'') transitions, while b --> u tree transitions are typically larger for the decays with pions and {rho} mesons. However the B --> {eta}K decays are especially interesting since they are suppressed relative to the abundant B --> {eta}'K decays due to destructive interference between two penguin amplitudes. The CKM-suppressed b --> u amplitudes may interfere significantly with penguin amplitudes, possibly leading to large direct CP violation in B{sup +} --> {eta}{rho}{sup +} and B{sup +} --> {eta}'{pi}{sup +}; numerical estimates are available in a few cases. The authors search for such direct CP violation by measuring the charge asymmetry A{sub ch} {equivalent_to} ({Gamma}{sup -} - {Gamma}{sup +})/({Gamma}{sup -} + {Gamma}{sup +}) in the rates {Gamma}{sup {+-}} = {Gamma}(B{sup {+-}} --> f{sup {+-}}), for each observed charged final state f{sup {+-}}. Charmless B decays are becoming useful to test the accuracy of theoretical predictions. Phenomenological fits to the branching fractions and charge asymmetries can be used to understand the importance of tree and penguin contributions and may provide sensitivity to the CKM angle {gamma}.

We show that hard electroproduction is a promising way to study exotic hybrid mesons, in particular through the hybrid decay channel H->{pi}{eta}. We discuss the {pi}{eta} generalized distribution amplitude, calculate the production amplitude and propose a forward-backward asymmetry as a signal for the hybrid meson production.

A search for the $C\\!P$-violating strong decays $\\eta \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-$ and $\\eta^\\prime(958) \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-$ has been performed using approximately $2.5 \\times 10^{7}$ events of each of the decays $D^+ \\to \\pi^+\\pi^+\\pi^-$ and $D_s^+ \\to \\pi^+\\pi^+\\pi^-$, recorded by the LHCb experiment. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collision data recorded during LHC Run 1 and 0.3 fb$^{-1}$ recorded in Run 2. No evidence is seen for $D^+_{(s)} \\to \\pi^+ \\eta^{(\\prime)}$ with $\\eta^{(\\prime)} \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-$, and upper limits at 90% confidence level are set on the branching fractions, $\\mathcal{B}(\\eta \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-) < 1.6 \\times 10^{-5}$ and $\\mathcal{B}(\\eta^\\prime \\to \\pi^+\\pi^-) < 1.8 \\times 10^{-5}$. The limit for the $\\eta$ decay is comparable with the existing one, while that for the $\\eta^\\prime$ is a factor of three smaller than the previous limit.

The Mark III collaboration has performed a high statistics study of the reaction J/psi ..-->.. ..gamma..eta..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/, with two different final states of the eta, eta ..-->.. ..gamma gamma.. and eta ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup -/. Both modes have a broad structure from 1.2 to 1.9 GeV/c/sup 2/ and two structures, which decay via delta/sup + -/..pi../sup - +/, delta/sup + -/ ..-->.. eta..pi../sup + -/, are identified at 1.28 and 1.39 GeV/c/sup 2/. No signal is observed in the iota(1440) signal region.

We present results of a study of the decay J/psi -> omega etapi(+)pi(-) using a sample of (225.2 +/- 2.8) x 10(6) J/psi events collected by the BESIII detector, and report the observation of a new process J/psi -> omega X(1870) with a statistical significance of 7.2 sigma, in which X(1870) decays

A partial-wave analysis of the reaction {pi}{sup -}p{yields}{eta}{eta}{pi}{sup -}p at 18 GeV/c has been performed on a data sample of approximately 4000 events obtained by Brookhaven experiment E852. The J{sup PC}=0{sup -+}{pi}(1800) state is observed in the a{sub 0}(980){eta} and f{sub 0}(1500){pi} decay modes. It has a mass of 1876{+-}18{+-}16 MeV/c{sup 2} and a width of 221{+-}26{+-}38 MeV/c{sup 2}. The J{sup PC}=2{sup -+}{pi}{sub 2}(1880) meson is observed decaying through a{sub 2}(1320){eta}. It has a mass of 1929{+-}24{+-}18 MeV/c{sup 2} and a width of 323{+-}87{+-}43 MeV/c{sup 2}. Both states are potential candidates for non-exotic hybrid mesons.

Based on a sample of 1.31 billion J/psi events collected with the BESIII detector, we report the study of the doubly radiative decay eta' -> gamma gamma pi(0) for the first time, where the eta' meson is produced via the J/psi -> gamma eta' decay. The branching fraction of eta' -> gamma gamma pi(0)

Exclusive production of $\\eta\\pi^-$ and $\\eta'\\pi^-$ has been studied with a $191\\,\\textrm{GeV}/c$ $\\pi^-$ beam impinging on a hydrogen target at COMPASS (CERN). Partial-wave analyses reveal different odd/even angular momentum ($L$) characteristics in the inspected invariant mass range up to $3\\,\\textrm{GeV}/c^2$. A striking similarity between the two systems is observed for the $L=2,4,6$ intensities (scaled by kinematical factors) and the relative phases. The known resonances $a_2(1320)$ and $a_4(2040)$ are in line with this similarity. In contrast, a strong enhancement of $\\eta'\\pi^-$ over $\\eta\\pi^-$ is found for the $L=1,3,5$ waves, which carry non-$q\\bar q$ quantum numbers. The $L=1$ intensity peaks at $1.7\\,\\textrm{GeV}/c^2$ in $\\eta'\\pi^-$ and at $1.4\\,\\textrm{GeV}/c^2$ in $\\eta\\pi^-$, the corresponding phase motions with respect to $L=2$ are different.

A study of $B^0_s \\to \\eta_c \\phi$ and $B^0_s \\to \\eta_c \\pi^+ \\pi^-$ decays is performed using $pp$ collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb, collected with the LHCb detector in Run 1 of the LHC. The observation of the decay $B^0_s \\to \\eta_c \\phi$ is reported, where the $\\eta_c$ meson is reconstructed in the $p\\bar p$, $K^+K^-\\pi^+\\pi^-$, $\\pi^+\\pi^-\\pi^+\\pi^-$ and $K^+K^-K^+K^-$ decay modes and the $\\phi(1020)$ in the $K^+ K^-$ decay mode. The decay $B^0_s \\to J/\\psi \\phi$ is used as a normalisation channel. Evidence is also reported for the decay $B^0_s \\to \\eta_c \\pi^+\\pi^-$, where the $\\eta_c$ meson is reconstructed in the $p\\bar p$ decay mode, using the decay $B^0_s \\to J/\\psi \\pi^+ \\pi^-$ as a normalisation channel. The measured branching fractions are \\begin{eqnarray*} {\\mathcal B (B^{0}_{s} \\to \\eta_{c} \\phi)} &=& \\left(5.01 \\pm 0.53 \\pm 0.27 \\pm 0.63 \\right) \\times 10^{-4} \\,, \

We present a study of the decay {ital J}/{psi}{r arrow}{gamma}{eta}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}} using the Mark III detector at the SLAC {ital e}{sup +}{ital e{minus}} storage ring SPEAR. A partial-wave amplitude analysis is performed on the {eta}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}} system in the mass region from 1.2 to 1.5 GeV. We observe two {eta}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}} resonances, each decaying via {ital a}{sub 0}(980){pi}. We identify one as the axial-vector meson {ital f}{sub 1}(1285) and the other as a pseudoscalar resonance at 1.40 GeV.

We present the first search for the rare decay of eta' into K-+/- pi(-/+) in J/psi -> phi eta', using a sample of 1.3 x 10(9) J/psi events collected with the BESIII detector. No significant signal is observed, and the upper limit at the 90% confidence level for the ratio B(eta' -> K-+/-

The neutral pi(o) and eta mesons are studied in Au-197-Au-197 collisions at an incident energy of 800A MeV, substantially below the threshold for eta production in N-N collisions. While the gross pi(o) multiplicity increases almost linearly with the number of participant nucleons, the multiplicities

The exclusive reaction {pi}{sup -}p{yields}{eta}{pi}{sup 0}n, {eta}{yields}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0} at 18GeV/c has been studied with a partial wave analysis on a sample of 23 492 {eta}{pi}{sup 0}n events from BNL experiment E852. A mass-dependent fit is consistent with a resonant hypothesis for the P{sub +} wave, thus providing evidence for a neutral exotic meson with J{sup PC}=1{sup -+}, a mass of 1257{+-}20{+-}25MeV/c{sup 2}, and a width of 354{+-}64{+-}60MeV/c{sup 2}. New interpretations of the meson exotics in neutral {eta}{pi}{sup 0} system observed in E852 and Crystal Barrel experiments are discussed.

A partial-wave analysis of 9082 {eta}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}n events produced in the reaction {pi}{sup -}p{yields}{eta}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}n at 18.3 GeV/c has been carried out using data from experiment 852 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The data are dominated by J{sup PC}=0{sup -+} partial waves consistent with observation of the {eta}(1295) and the {eta}(1440). The mass and width of the {eta}(1295) were determined to be 1282{+-}5 MeV and 66{+-}13 MeV, respectively, while the {eta}(1440) was observed with a mass of 1404{+-}6 MeV and a width of 80{+-}21 MeV. Other partial waves of importance include the 1{sup ++} and the 1{sup +-} waves. Results of the partial wave analysis are combined with results of other experiments to estimate f{sub 1}(1285) branching fractions. These values are considerably different from current values determined without the aid of amplitude analyses. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.

The decays J/psi -> gamma pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) and J/psi ->gamma pi(0)pi(0)pi(0) are analyzed using a sample of 225 X 10(6) J/psi events collected with the BESIII detector. The decay of eta(1405) -> f(0)(980)pi(0) with a large isospin violation is observed for the first time. The width of the f(0)(980)

The data on the pi- p --> M0 n, with M0 = pi0 pi0 pi0 or pi0 pi0 eta obtained in the GAMS experiment may be useful to study the sigma(400--700) and a_1^chi (1000), which can be taken as chiral partners of pi and rho, respectively. A preliminary analysis for 3pi0 invariant mass spectra gives a support for the assumed a_1^chi with a mass of 930 MeV and Gamma = 170 MeV.

Coherent photoproduction of {pi}{sup 0}-mesons from threshold (E{sub th} {approx} 136 MeV) throughout the {Delta}-resonance region and of {eta}-mesons close to the production threshold (E{sub th} {approx} 570 MeV) for {eta} has been measured for {sup 7}Li nuclei. The experiment was performed using the tagged-photon beam of the Mainz MAMI accelerator with the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors combined to give an almost 4 {pi} solid-angle electromagnetic calorimeter. The reactions were identified by a combined invariant-mass and missing-energy analysis. A comparison of the pion data to plane-wave impulse modelling tests the nuclear mass form factor. So far coherent {eta} production had been only identified for the lightest nuclear systems ({sup 2}H and {sup 3}He). For {sup 3}He a large enhancement of the cross section above plane-wave approximations had been reported, indicating the formation of a quasi-bound state. The present Li data for {eta} production agree with a plane-wave approximation. Contrary to {sup 3}He, neither a threshold enhancement of the total cross section nor a deviation of the angular distributions from the expected form factor dependence were observed. (orig.)

An invariant differential cross section measurement of inclusive $\\pi^{0}$ and $\\eta$ meson production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at $\\sqrt{s}=8$~TeV was carried out by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The spectra of neutral mesons $\\pi^{0}$ and $\\eta$ were measured in transverse momentum ranges of $0.33.5$~GeV/$c$. However, a deviation from this empirical scaling law is observed for transverse momenta below $p_{\\rm T}<3.5$~GeV/$c$ in the $\\eta/\\pi^0$ ratio with a significance of $6.2\\sigma$.

We present a new amplitude analysis of the $\\eta\\pi$ $D$-wave in $\\pi^- p\\to \\eta\\pi^- p$ measured by COMPASS. Employing an analytical model based on the principles of the relativistic $S$-matrix, we find two resonances that can be identified with the $a_2(1320)$ and the excited $a_2^\\prime(1700)$, and perform a comprehensive analysis of their pole positions. For the mass and width of the $a_2$ we find $M=(1307 \\pm 1 \\pm 6)$~MeV and $\\Gamma=(112 \\pm 1 \\pm 8)$~MeV, and for the excited state $a_2^\\prime$ we obtain $M=(1720 \\pm 10 \\pm 60)$~MeV and $\\Gamma=(280\\pm 10 \\pm 70)$~MeV, respectively.

An amplitude analysis of an exclusive sample of 5765 events from the reaction {pi}{sup -}p{yields}{eta}{prime}{pi}{sup -}p at 18 GeV/c is described. The {eta}{prime}{pi}{sup -} production is dominated by natural parity exchange and by three partial waves: those with J{sup PC}=1{sup -+} , 2{sup ++} , and 4{sup ++} . A mass-dependent analysis of the partial-wave amplitudes indicates the production of the a{sub 2}(1320) meson as well as the a{sub 4}(2040) meson, observed for the first time decaying to {eta}{prime}{pi}{sup -} . The dominant, exotic (non-q{bar q}) 1{sup -+} partial wave is shown to be resonant with a mass of 1.597{+-}0.010{sup +0.045}{sub -0.010} GeV/c{sup 2} and a width of 0.340{+-}0.040{+-}0.050 GeV /c{sup 2} . This exotic state, the {pi}{sub 1}(1600) , is produced with a t dependence which is different from that of the a{sub 2}(1320) meson, indicating differences between the production mechanisms for the two states.

CP violation is well established in the $K^{0}\\overline{ K}^{0}$ system. In the phenomenology of $K^{0}$-decay the phase of the ratio of decay amplitudes $\\eta$ of CP conserving and CP violating two pion decays is given by CPT and unitarity to be 'arc tan' 1/2 $\\Gamma_{S}$ / $(M_{L}-M_{S}) = 43.7 \\pm 0.2^{\\circ}$. It is the purpose of this experiment to test the equality of this phase for the decay into neutral and charged pions, respectively. The phase of $\\eta$ is determined from the time-dependence of the rate of kaon decays into two pions, using the NA31 detector in a modified beam with $K_{S}$ and $K_{L}$ in interference.

The possibility of producing eta-mesic nuclei by the use of pions is discussed. If these nuclei are observed experimentally, then the binding energies of the eta in this new nuclear matter can be used to extract accurately the eta-N-N* coupling constant in a nucleus. The framework for these calculations is the coupled channel isobar model

The production of pi(0) and eta mesons has been investigated in the system C-12+C-12 at 0.8A GeV, 1.0A GeV, and 2.0A GeV using the TAPS photon detector. The production cross sections and transverse-momentum distributions measured around midrapidity extend the existing systematics of neutral-meson

Coupled-channel $\\pi K$ and $\\eta K$ scattering amplitudes are determined by studying the finite-volume energy spectra obtained from dynamical lattice QCD calculations. Using a large basis of interpolating operators, including both those resembling a $q\\bar{q}$ construction and those resembling a pair of mesons with relative momentum, a reliable excited-state spectrum can be obtained. Working at ${m_\\pi=391\\,\\mathrm{MeV}}$, we find a gradual increase in the $J^P=0^+$ $\\pi K$ phase-shift which...

A new measurement of the rare, doubly radiative decay eta->pi^0 gamma gamma was conducted with the Crystal Ball and TAPS multiphoton spectrometers together with the photon tagging facility at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. New data on the dependence of the partial decay width, Gamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma), on the two-photon invariant mass squared, m^2(gamma gamma), as well as a new, more precise value for the decay width, Gamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma) = (0.33+/-0.03_tot) eV, are based on analysis of 1.2 x 10^3 eta->pi^0 gamma gamma decays from a total of 6 x 10^7 eta mesons produced in the gamma p -> eta p reaction. The present results for dGamma(eta->pi^0 gamma gamma)/dm^2(gamma gamma) are in good agreement with previous measurements and recent theoretical calculations for this dependence.

We report measurements of branching fractions for the decays B-->Plnu_{l}, where P are the pseudoscalar charmless mesons pi;{-}, pi;{0}, eta and eta;{'}, based on 348 fb;{-1} of data collected with the BABAR detector, using B0 and B+ mesons found in the recoil of a second B meson decaying as B-->D;{(*)}lnu_{l}. Assuming isospin symmetry, we combine pionic branching fractions to obtain B(B;{0}-->pi;{-}l;{+}nu_{l})=(1.54+/-0.17_{(stat)}+/-0.09_{(syst)})x10;{-4}; we find 3.2sigma evidence of the decay B;{+}-->etal;{+}nu_{l} and measure its branching fraction to be (0.64+/-0.20_{(stat)}+/-0.03_{(syst)})x10;{-4}, and determine B(B;{+}-->eta;{'}l;{+}nu_{l})<0.47x10;{-4} to 90% confidence level. Using partial branching fractions for the pionic decays in ranges of the momentum transfer and a variety of form factor calculation, we obtain values of the magnitude of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_{ub}| in ranging from 3.6x10;{-3} to 4.1x10;{-3}.

The production rates and the inclusive cross sections of the isovector meson $\\pi^0$, the isoscalar mesons $\\eta$ and $\\eta^\\prime(958)$, the strange meson $\\mathrm{K^0_S}$ and the $\\Lambda$ baryon have been measured as functions of scaled energy in hadronic events two-jet events and each jet of three-jet events from hadronic Z decays and compared to Monte Carlo models. The analysis is based on 3.7~million hadronic events collected with the ALEPH detector at LEP at a centre-of-mass energy of $\\sqrt{s}=91.2$~GeV. The JETSET modelling of the gluon fragmentation into isoscalar mesons is found to be in agreement with the experimental results. HERWIG fails to describe the $\\mathrm{K^0_S}$ spectra in gluon-enriched jets and the $\\Lambda$ spectra in quark jets.

In this thesis the Dalitz decays of the {pi}{sup 0}, {eta} and {omega}-meson have been studied in photon induced reactions off the proton: {gamma}+p {yields} {pi}{sup 0}+p{yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}{gamma}+p, {gamma}+p {yields} {eta}+p{yields}e{sup +}e{sup -}{gamma}+p, and {gamma}+p {yields} {omega}+p{yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}{pi}{sup 0}+p. The main aim has been to determine the electromagnetic transition form factor of the {eta}-meson. Beside the Dalitz decays other decay modes of the {eta} and the {omega}-meson were analyzed and the branching ratios of the decays {eta} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0}, {eta}{yields} e{sup +}e{sup -}{gamma} and {omega} {yields} {gamma}{sup +}{pi}{sup 0} were determined. Furthermore the cross section of {eta}-production as well as the cross section of {pi}{sup 0}-{eta}-production in photon induced reactions off the proton were determined. Another aspect of this work was to investigate the possibility of separating electrons and positrons from charged pions with the Crystal Ball and TAPS detector systems at MAMI-C in Mainz. It was shown in this work, that an accurate separation and identification of those particles is possible by exploiting the full kinematic information available in exclusive analyses. Thereby Dalitz decays were identified. The background from charged pions was suppressed further. The probability for the misidentification of a {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} pair as an e{sup +}e{sup -}-pair is less than 3.10{sup -7}. A new analysis program called AR{sub HB}2v3 was developed in C++. In all analyses the detection of the meson and the recoiling proton was required; thus the full kinematic information could be exploited. Cuts were applied on the energy balance, momentum balance, missing mass and the coplanarity. Depending on the particular decay channel further cuts were applied on the relative angle between particles, the incident energy, the {theta}-angle of the proton and if applicable on the cluster sizes of the

Since the advent of pion factories, an impressive amount of information about the nuclear dynamics of the Δ(1232) pion- nucleon resonance has been obtained. The study of this isospin-3/2 resonance has greatly benefited from the fact that π/sup /minus//n and π + p systems are pure I = 3/2 states, which couple only to the Δ in the resonance region. Such isospin selectivity of the pion does not exist, however, for the I = 1/2 N* resonances because it is not possible to form a pure I = 1/2 state with a pion and a nucleon. Eta mesons have zero isospin. Consequently, the /eta/N systems are in a pure I = 1/2 state, and /eta/ can be used to tag those N* resonances to which it strongly couples. We will briefly review the πN interaction from the threshold region to c.m. energy √s ≅1600 MeV. We shall see how improved πN data can help the study of πN interactions. I shall discuss what new information about the hadronic interaction can be learned from the study of eta production in pp collisions. The behavior of eta meson in nuclei will be discussed. The interesting question of the quark structure of /eta/(549) and /eta/'(958) will also be discussed within the framework of a simple model. 19 refs., 13 figs

The impact-parameter dependence of pi degrees- and eta-meson production is reported for the system Ar-40+Ca-nat at a beam energy of 800 A MeV. Scaling of the meson abundances with the transverse mass is observed. The experimental results are compared to calculations within the BUU model. (C) 1997

We present a measurement of the slope parameter {alpha} for the {eta}{yields}3{pi}{sup 0} decay, with the KLOE experiment at the DA{Phi}NE {phi}-factory, based on a background free sample of {approx}17 million {eta} mesons produced in {phi} radiative decays. By fitting the event density in the Dalitz plot we determine {alpha}=-0.0301{+-}0.0035stat{sub -0.0035}{sup +0.0022}syst. The result is in agreement with recent measurements from hadro- and photo-production experiments.

High-quality cross sections for the reaction gamma+d->pi^0+d have been measured using the CLAS at Jefferson Lab over a wide energy range near and above the eta-meson photoproduction threshold. At backward c.m. angles for the outgoing pions, we observe a resonance-like structure near E_gamma=700 MeV. Our model analysis shows that it can be explained by eta excitation in the intermediate state. The effect is the result of the contribution of the N(1535)S_11 resonance to the amplitudes of the subprocesses occurring between the two nucleons and of a two-step process in which the excitation of an intermediate eta meson dominates.

We present a measurement of the Pi0 transverse momentum spectrum and of the Eta/Pi0 ratio in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the CERN LHC. In this analysis the reconstruction of Pi0 and Eta mesons has been done via photon conversions in the central tracking system of ALICE. Therefore, this method is completely independent from the electromagnetic calorimeters. It makes the Pi0 (Eta) measurement possible down to pt = 0.4 (0.6) GeV/c with a very good resolution and a very small b...

We report the detection toward {eta} Carinae of six new molecules, CO, CN, HCO{sup +}, HCN, HNC, and N{sub 2}H{sup +}, and of two of their less abundant isotopic counterparts, {sup 13}CO and H{sup 13}CN. The line profiles are moderately broad ({approx}100 km s{sup -1}), indicating that the emission originates in the dense, possibly clumpy, central arcsecond of the Homunculus Nebula. Contrary to previous claims, CO and HCO{sup +} do not appear to be underabundant in {eta} Carinae. On the other hand, molecules containing nitrogen or the {sup 13}C isotope of carbon are overabundant by about one order of magnitude. This demonstrates that, together with the dust responsible for the dimming of {eta} Carinae following the Great Eruption, the molecules detected here must have formed in situ out of CNO-processed stellar material.

An amplitude analysis of an exclusive sample of 5765 events from the reaction {pi}{sup -} p {yields} {eta}{prime}{pi}{sup -} p at 18 GeV/c is described. The {eta}{prime}{pi}{sup -} production is dominated by natural parity exchange and by three partial waves: those with J{sup PC} = 1{sup -+}, 2{sup ++}, and 4{sup ++}. A mass-dependent analysis of the partial-wave amplitudes indicates the production of the a{sub 2}(1320) meson as well as the a{sub 4}(2040) meson, observed for the first time decaying to {eta}{prime}{pi}{sup -}. The dominant, exotic (non-q{bar q}) 1{sup -+} partial wave is shown to be resonant with a mass of 1.597 {+-} 0.010{sub -0.010}{sup +0.045} GeV/c{sup 2} and a width of 0.340 {+-} 0.040 {+-} 0.050 GeV/c{sup 2}. This exotic state, the {pi}{sub 1}(1600), is produced with a t dependence which is different from that of the a{sub 2}(1320) meson, indicating differences between the production mechanisms for the two states.

Using a nuclear reaction, the new tagged eta meson facility now operating at the French Saturne National Laboratory in Saclay produces eta mesons (together with recoil helium-3 nuclei) by proton bombardment of a deuterium target. The proton beam is extracted from the Saturne synchrotron at 893 MeV, stabilized to 80 keV. This is a scant 1.5 MeV above the reaction threshold and close to the energy where eta production peaks

This note provides supplemental figures for the paper ``$\\pi^{0}$ and $\\eta$ meson production in proton-proton collisions at $\\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV''. The set of example plots for both neutral mesons showing the invariant mass distributions for each reconstruction method for all calorimeter triggers used in analysis is completed. Further plots, showing the neutral meson spectra as well as additional plots concerning the $\\eta/\\pi^{0}$ ratio, are provided. More details about the determination of integrated yields and mean transverse momenta are also contained in this note.

A precise measurement of the Dalitz plot parameter, {alpha}, for the {eta}{yields}3{pi}{sup 0} decay is presented. The experiment was performed with the Crystal Ball and TAPS large-acceptance photon detectors at the tagged photon beam facility of the MAMI-B electron accelerator in Mainz. High statistics of 1.8.10{sup 6} {eta}{yields}3{pi}{sup 0} events were obtained, giving the result {alpha}=-0.032{+-}0.002{sub stat}{+-}0.002{sub syst}. (orig.)

Some p-mode frequencies and other observations were used to determine the mass, the age and the helium abundance of eta Bootes. It is shown how, by direct application, the p-mode frequencies and stellar seismological tools help in constraining the physical parameters of eta Boo. The existence of mode bumping is confirmed and it is discussed how it may be used to refine the estimate of the eta Boo's age. The effect of the OPAL equation of state on the p-mode frequencies is described.

High-quality cross sections for the reaction {gamma}d{yields}{pi}{sup 0}d have been measured using the CLAS at Jefferson Lab over a wide energy range near and above the {eta}-meson photoproduction threshold. At backward c.m. angles for the outgoing pions, we observe a resonance-like structure near E{sub {gamma}}=700 MeV. Our model analysis shows that it can be explained by {eta} excitation in the intermediate state. The effect is the result of the contribution of the N(1535)S{sub 11}-resonance to the amplitudes of the subprocesses occurring between the two nucleons and of a two-step process in which the excitation of an intermediate {eta}-meson dominates. (orig.)

We report a measurement of high-p{sub T} inclusive {pi}{sup 0}, {eta}, and direct photon production in p + p and d + Au collisions at {radical}s{sub NN} = 200 GeV at midrapidity (0 < {eta} < 1). Photons from the decay {pi}{sup 0} {yields} {gamma}{gamma} were detected in the Barrel Electromagnetic Calorimeter of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The {eta} {yields} {gamma}{gamma} decay was also observed and constituted the first {eta} measurement by STAR. The first direct photon cross section measurement by STAR is also presented, the signal was extracted statistically by subtracting the {pi}{sup 0}, {eta}, and {omega}(782) decay background from the inclusive photon distribution observed in the calorimeter. The analysis is described in detail, and the results are found to be in good agreement with earlier measurements and with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations.

We study eta and eta' mesons and their mixing angle in a mixed action approach with so-called Osterwalder-Seiler valence quarks on a Wilson twisted mass sea. The gauge configurations have been generated by ETMC for 2+1+1 dynamical quark flavours and for three values of the lattice spacing. The main results are that differences in between the mixed action and the unitary approach vanish towards the continuum limit with the expected rate of O(a^2). The individual size of the lattice artifacts depends, however, strongly on the observable used to match unitary and valence actions. Moreover, we show that for the eta mass valence and valence plus sea quark mass dependence differ significantly. Hence, in this case a re-tuning of the simulation parameters in the valence sector only to account for small mismatches in the sea parameters is not enough.

The aim of this experiment is an accurate determination of the ratio of neutral to charged two pion decays of $K_{L}$ and $K_{S}$ mesons: \\\\ R=$|\\eta_{00}|^{2}/|\\eta_{+-}|^{2} = \\Gamma(K _{L} \\rightarrow 2\\pi^{0})/\\Gamma(K _{S} \\rightarrow 2\\pi^{0}) : \\Gamma(K_{L} \\rightarrow \\pi^{+}\\pi^{-})/\\Gamma(K_{S} \\rightarrow \\pi^{+}\\pi^{-})$ \\\\ In the superweak model of CP violation this ratio is equal to one exactly. Sizeable deviations from unity are predicted in popular models of the weak and electromagnetic interaction among six quarks. \\\\ The two decay modes $K^{0} \\rightarrow 2\\pi^{0}$ and $K^{0} \\rightarrow \\pi^{+}\\pi^{-}$ are measured simultaneously, and alternately in $K_{L}$ and $K_{S}$ beams. The detector consists of\\\\ 1) an evacuated decay region; \\\\ 2) proportional wire chambers to measure the charged pion directions; \\\\ 3) a liquid argon calorimeter with good energy and position resolution to measure the photons from $\\pi^{0}$ decays; \\\\ 4) a hadron calorimeter to measure the energy of the charged pio...

. In resistance arteries, the long-lasting contractile effects can only be partly and reversibly relaxed by low-molecular-weight ET(A) antagonists (ERAs). However, the neuropeptide calcitonin-gene-related peptide selectively terminates binding of ET1 to ET(A). We propose that ET1 binds polyvalently to ET......(A) and that ERAs and the physiological antagonist allosterically reduce ET(A) functions. Combining the two-state model and the two-domain model of GPCR function and considering receptor activation beyond agonist binding might lead to better anti-endothelinergic drugs. Future studies could lead to compounds...

The experimental situation on eta and eta' photoproduction on the proton is reviewed, emphasizing progress made since 2001. New preliminary results for eta' photoproduction on the proton from Jefferson Lab are presented. Experimental results are compared with several theoretical approaches, with an emphasis on consequences for understanding baryon spectroscopy.

The Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) is designed to produce a 10 kAmp electron beam at an energy of 4.5 MeV in 40 nsec pulses at an average rate of 2 pps. The accelerator also operates in bursts of 5 pulses spaced by as little as one millisec at an average rate of 5 pps. The machine is currently operating near 80% of its design values and has accumulated over 2.5 million pulses - mostly at a rate of one pps. The plasma cathode electron source, the remainder of the accelerator, and the operating characteristics of the machine are discussed

This high luminosity (5x10 6 solar luminosity) star since 1840 is losing mass at the rate of 7.5x10 -2 solar masses per year. The large mass loss could be the result of vibrational instabilities produced in the CNO hydrogen burning phase of a very massive (160 solar masses) star. The presence of high excitation lines in the ultraviolet spectrum of Eta Car suggests the idea of a hot zone excited by dissipation of the supersonic turbulent flow. (Auth.)

The photoproduction of eta-mesic He-3 has been investigated using the TAPS calorimeter at the Mainz Microtron accelerator facility MAMI. The total inclusive cross section for the reaction gamma(3)He-->etaX has been measured for photon energies from threshold to 820 MeV. The total and angular

The {eta} production has been studied through the pp {yields} pp{eta} reaction at threshold. Data were taken at the Synchrotron of the ``Laboratoire National Saturne``. The detection in coincidence of the two protons scattered near 0 deg and analysed with the magnetic spectrometer SPES3 allows the reconstruction of missing mass spectra for the {eta} signature. A simulation program which takes into account all the experimental set up characteristics has been realized and tested through the pp {yields} d{pi}{sup +} reaction detected simultaneously with pp {yields} pp{eta}. The generated proton momentum spectra for pp {yields} pp{eta} show a pronounced {eta} mass dependence. This characteristic, connected to the kinematical properties of pp {yields} pp{eta} at threshold, is used to extract the mass of the meson {eta}. The obtained value, m{sub {eta}} = 547.65 {+-} 0.18 MeV, is in good agreement with measurement done recently through the pd {yields} {sup H}e{eta} reaction. The total cross section {sigma}{sub t} of pp {yields} pp{eta} measured at 1260, 1265 and 1300 MeV presents a strong energy dependence. This cross section increases less with energy than the phase-space. The influence of p-p and {eta}-p final state interactions in our measurements is studied. Our results are compared with theoretical predictions and assess the dominant character of the baryonic resonance N{sup *}(1535) in the {eta} mechanism production at threshold. These experimental results give an energy dependence which is not well reproduced by the theoretical predictions. This discrepancy could be an incorrect description of the {eta}-p interaction in the models. (author). 48 refs., 60 figs., 15 tabs.

A study of $B^0$and $B^0_s$ meson decays into $J/\\psi\\eta$ and $J/\\psi\\eta^{\\prime}$ final states is performed using a data set of proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment and corresponding to 3.0fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The decay $B^0 \\rightarrow J/\\psi \\eta^{\\prime}$ is observed for the first time. The following ratios of branching fractions are measured: $ \\frac{\\mathcal{B}(B^0 \\rightarrow J/\\psi \\eta^{\\prime})}{\\mathcal{B}(B^0_s \\rightarrow J/\\psi \\eta^{\\prime})} = (2.28\\pm0.65\\,(stat)\\,\\pm0.10\\,(syst)\\,\\pm0.13\\,(f_{s}/f_{d}))\\times10^{-2},$ $ \\frac{\\mathcal{B}(B^0 \\rightarrow J/\\psi \\eta)}{\\mathcal{B}(B^0_s \\rightarrow J/\\psi \\eta)} = (1.85\\pm0.61\\,(stat)\\,\\pm0.09\\,(syst)\\,\\pm0.11\\,(f_{s}/f_{d}))\\times10^{-2},$ where the third uncertainty is related to the present knowledge of $f_{s}/f_{d}$, the ratio between the probabilities for a $b$ quark to form a $B^0_s$ or $B^0$ meson. The branching fraction ratios are used to determine the para...

This thesis is dedicated to a new precise determination of the {eta} meson mass based on a measurement of the threshold for the {gamma}p {yields} p{eta} reaction. This experiment was performed in the years 2004/2005 using the Crystal Ball/TAPS detector setup and the recently developed tagger focal-plane microscope detector at the MAMI-B facility in the Institut fuer Kernphysik of the Johannes Gutenberg-Universitaet Mainz. The real photon beam was produced by Bremsstrahlung of the 883 MeV electrons from MAMI-B on a thin diamond radiator. The {eta} mesons were identified via their two main decay modes, {eta} {yields} 2{gamma} and {eta} {yields} 3{pi}{sup 0}, with the Crystal Ball/TAPS setup, which measured energies and emission angles of particles. The identification of the {eta} {yields} 2{gamma} decay was performed using events with two clusters detected as photons, ignoring all other particles, and the standard invariant mass analysis. Cuts were applied on the invariant and missing mass distributions. The identification of the {eta} {yields} 3{pi}{sup 0} {yields} 6{gamma} decay concentrated on events with six clusters detected as photons. Among fifteen possible combinations of six photons to be arranged in three pairs, the combination with the smallest {chi}{sup 2}-value for the three pion masses was assumed to be correct. Cuts were applied on the {chi}{sup 2}-distribution and on the invariant and missing mass distributions. The normalization of the total cross section was obtained from the target thickness, the intensity of the photon flux, the simulated acceptance of the Crystal Ball, and the branching ratios of the {eta} decays. The determination of the {eta} mass required a very precise measurement of the production threshold. This was obtained by fitting the measured cross section as a function of photon energy and gave the result for the {eta} mass, m{sub {eta}}=(547.851{+-}0.031{sub stat.}{+-}0.062{sub syst.}) MeV.

The Environmental Technologies Acceptance (ETA) Program at the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) is intended to advance the development, commercial acceptance, and timely deployment of selected private sector technologies for the cleanup of sites in the nuclear defense complex as well as the greater market. As shown in Table 1, this cooperative agreement funded by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) consists of three tasks: Technology Selection, Technology Development, and Technology Verification. As currently conceived, the ETA will address the needs of as many technologies as appropriate under its current 3-year term. This report covers activities during the first 6 months of the 3-year ETA program

The author discusses possibilities to study {gamma}*{pi}{sup 0} and {gamma}*{eta} {r_arrow} {gamma} transition form factors at CEBAF energies. The author shows that for 4 GeV electron beam, these form factors can be measured at CEBAF for the 4-momentum transfers Q{sup 2} {le} 2.5 (GeV/c){sup 2} using virtual Compton scattering on the proton and nuclear target in the kinematic regime of low momentum transfers to the target. These measurements can be extended to Q{sup 2} {le} 4.0 (GeV/c){sup 2} using the electron beam with the energy 6 GeV.

We discuss recent improvements to the ETA-II linear induction electron accelerator. The accelerator's cells have been carefully reconditioned to raise the maximum accelerating gap voltage from approximately 100 kV to 125 kV. Insulators of Rexolite plastic in a new ''zero-gap'' arrangement replaced the alumina originals after several alternative materials were investigated. A new multi-cable current feed system will be used to eliminate pulse reflection interactions encountered in earlier experiments. Improved alignment fixtures have been installed to help minimize beam perturbation due to poorly aligned intercell magnets between 10-cell groups. A stretched wire alignment technique (SWAT) has been utilized to enhance overall magnetic alignment, and to characterize irreducible alignment errors. These changes are in conjunction with an expansion of the accelerator from a 20-cell to a 60-cell configuration. When completed, the upgraded accelerator is expected to deliver 2.5 kA of electron beam current at 7.5 MeV in bursts of up to fifty 70-ns pulses at a 5-kHz repetition rate. A 5.5-meter-long wiggler will convert the energy into 3-GW microwave pulses at 140 GHz for plasma heating experiments in the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX)

The inclusive eta production cross section at the CERN ISR has been measured for p/sub T/ values of up to 11 GeV/c. The authors find that the eta / pi /sup 0/ cross-section ratio has an average value of 0.55+or-0.07 and varies little with p/sub T/. (10 refs).

The {eta}{pi}{sup {minus}} system has been studied in the reaction {pi}{sup {minus}}p{r_arrow}{eta}{pi}{sup {minus}}p at 18 GeV/c. A large asymmetry in the angular distribution is observed indicating interference between L-even and L-odd partial waves. The a{sub 2}(1320) is observed in the J{sup PC}=2{sup ++} wave, as is a broad enhancement between 1.2 and 1.6 GeV/c{sup 2} in the 1{sup {minus}+} wave. The observed phase difference between these waves shows that there is phase motion in addition to that due to a{sub 2}(1320) decay. The data can be fitted by interference between the a{sub 2}(1320) and an exotic 1{sup {minus}+} resonance with M=(1370{plus_minus}16{sup +50}{sub {minus}30}) MeV/c{sup 2} and {Gamma}=(385{plus_minus}40 {sup +65}{sub {minus}105}) MeV/c{sup 2} . {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Measurements of the total and differential cross sections for {eta}-meson photoproduction on a D{sub 2} liquid target from threshold to 1.2 GeV, have been taken using the tagged Bremsstrahlung photon beam produced by the electrons extracted from the ELSA storage ring at Bonn. The reaction was identified by detecting the eta decay products in the neutral meson spectrometer SPES0-2{pi}, while the recoil baryons (proton, neutron or deuteron) were detected by a variety of large angle scintillator detectors. We succeeded to identify completely the final states corresponding to the production of an {eta} meson on a Quasi-Free (QF) proton, a QF neutron and the coherent deuteron. The differential cross sections corresponding to the production of a coherent deuteron n the final state have been measured, from threshold to 800 MeV; they are 6 times smaller the only previous measurement reported by Anderson and Prepost in 1969. This is consistent with an Isoscalar part of the Amplitude much smaller than the Isovector one. The differential cross sections are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction on the impulse approximation mechanism; indicating in particular, fairly small contributions from rescattering terms. A direct measurement of the neutron to proton cross section ratios has been obtained by integrating the counting rates on the corresponding QF peaks and is 0.70 {+-} 0.03, from 700 MeV to 900 MeV, with a small angular dependence. These two results by comparison to the measured free proton data should allow to reconstruct the free neutron cross sections in a rather model-independent way. (authors). 56 refs., 90 figs., 13 tabs.

Partial-evaluation folklore has it that massaging one's source programs can make them specialize better. In Jones, Gomard, and Sestoft's recent textbook, a whole chapter is dedicated to listing such “binding-time improvements”: nonstandard use of continuation-passing style, eta-expansion, and a p......Partial-evaluation folklore has it that massaging one's source programs can make them specialize better. In Jones, Gomard, and Sestoft's recent textbook, a whole chapter is dedicated to listing such “binding-time improvements”: nonstandard use of continuation-passing style, eta...... across dynamic case expressions. This requirement precisely accounts for the nonstandard use of continuation-passing style encountered in partial evaluation. Eta-expansion thus acts as a uniform binding-time coercion between values and contexts, be they of function type, product type, or disjoint...

We have measured the ratio of inclusive production of eta to π 0 at transverse momenta above 1.5 GeV/c. Results are presented for various meson and proton beams with momenta of 100, 200, and 300 GeV/c incident upon a hydrogen target. The eta/π 0 production ratio is found to be independent of incident beam momentum and of the transverse and longitudinal momenta of production. The ratio for pion- and proton-induced reactions is 0.44 +- 0.05; for kaons, it is 0.74 +- 0.12

Using data samples collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider at 17 center-of-mass energies from 3.810 to 4.600 GeV, we perform a study of e(+)e(-) -> eta J/psi and pi(0)J/psi The Born cross sections of these two processes are measured at each center-of-mass energy. The

-sum type. For the latter case, it enables “The Trick.” In this article, we extend Gomard and Jones' partial evaluator for the &lgr;-calculus, &lgr;-Mix, with products and disjoint sums; we point out how eta-expansion for (finite) disjoint sums enable The Trick; we generalize our earlier work by identifying...

-sum type. For the latter case, it enables “The Trick.” In this article, we extend Gomard and Jones' partial evaluator for the &lgr;-calculus, &lgr;-Mix, with products and disjoint sums; we point out how eta-expansion for (finite) disjoint sums enable The Trick; we generalize our earlier work by identifying...

A mixing scheme among three pseudoscalar mesons eta-eta' and iota (1440) is proposed in order to analyze their qantiq and gluonic components. Inequalities follow from requiring the consistency of the scheme and the range permitted for the mass of the pure gluonic state (glueball) turns out to be rather small. The resulting picture is in good agreement with the overall phenomenology and with the (rather scarce) data on the subject. (Author) [pt

A search is performed for the as yet unobserved baryonic Lambda(0)(b) -> Lambda eta' and Lambda(0)(b) -> Lambda eta decays with 3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment. The B-0 -> K-s(0)eta' decay is used as a normalisation channel. No significant signal is observed

We present the results of searches for B decays to charmless two-body final states containing eta(') or omega mesons, based on 20.7 fb(-1) of data collected with the BABAR detector. We find the branching fractions Beta(B(+)-->eta(')K(+)) = (70+/-8+/-5) x 10(-6), Beta(B(0)-->eta(')K(0)) = (42(+13)(-11) +/- 4) x 10(-6), and Beta(B(+)-->omega pi(+)) = (6.6(+2.1)(-1.8) +/- 0.7) x 10(-6), where the first error quoted is statistical and the second is systematic. We give measurements of four additional modes for which the 90% confidence level upper limits are Beta(B(+)-->eta(')pi(+)) omega K(+)) omega K(0)) omega pi(0)) < 3 x 10(-6).

In 1965 Fritz Zwicky proposed a class of supernovae that he called "Type V", described as "excessively faint at maximum." There were only two members, SN1961v and eta Carinae. We now know that eta Carinae was not a true supernova, but if it were observed today in a distant galaxy we would call it a "supernova impostor." 170 years ago it experienced a "great eruption" lasting 20 years, expelling 10 solar masses or more, and survived. Eta Carinae is now acknowledged as the most massive, most luminous star in our region of the Galaxy, and it may be our only accessible example of a very massive star in a pre-supernova state. In this book the editors and contributing authors review its remarkable history, physical state of the star and its ejecta, and its continuing instability. Chapters also include its relation to other massive, unstable stars, the massive star progenitors of supernovae, and the "first" stars in the Universe.

Using 383 x 10(6) BBover pairs from the BABAR data sample, we report results for branching fractions of six charged B-meson decay modes, where a charged kaon recoils against a charmless resonance decaying to KKover* or etapipi final states with mass in the range (1.2-1.8) GeV/c2. We observe a significant enhancement at the low KKover* invariant mass which is interpreted as B+-->eta(1475)K+, find evidence for the decay B+-->eta(1295)K+, and place upper limits on the decays B+-->eta(1405)K+, B+-->f1(1285)K+, B+-->f1(1420)K+, and B+-->phi(1680)K+.

This Letter reports results from the partial wave analysis of the {pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup +}{eta} final state in {pi}{sup -}p collisions at 18 GeV/c. Strong evidence is observed for production of two mesons with exotic quantum numbers of spin, parity and charge conjugation, J{sup PC}=1{sup -+} in the decay channel f{sub 1}(1285){pi}{sup -}. The mass M=1709{+-}24{+-}41 MeV/c{sup 2} and width {gamma}=403{+-}80{+-}115 MeV/c{sup 2} of the first state are consistent with the parameters of the previously observed {pi}{sub 1}(1600). The second resonance with mass M=2001{+-}30{+-}92 MeV/c{sup 2} and width {gamma}=333{+-}52{+-}49 MeV/c{sup 2} agrees very well with predictions from theoretical models. In addition, the presence of {pi}{sub 2}(1900) is confirmed with mass M=2003{+-}88{+-}148 MeV/c{sup 2} and width {gamma}=306{+-}132{+-}121 MeV/c{sup 2} and a new state, a{sub 1}(2096), is observed with mass M=2096{+-}17{+-}121 MeV/c{sup 2} and width {gamma}=451{+-}41{+-}81 MeV/c{sup 2}. The decay properties of these last two states are consistent with flux tube model predictions for hybrid mesons with non-exotic quantum numbers.

In order to determine the Dalitz-plot parameter {alpha} experiments were evaluated, Which were performed with the Crystal Ball/TAPS facility at the accelerator MAMI of the Institute for Nuclear Physics at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz in the years 2004 and 2005. {eta} mesons wer produced via the reaction {gamma}p{yields}{eta}p. From four different analyses the following four in this thesis determined Dalitz-plot parameters with the given statistics resulted: {eta} without proton: {alpha}=-0.0314{+-}0.0013{sub -0.0014}{sup +0.0017} (1.1.10{sup 6} events), {eta} with proton: {alpha}=-0.0338{+-}0.0020{sub -0.0022}{sup +0.0019} (4.2.10{sup 5} events), {delta}{sup +} magnetic dipole moment without proton: {alpha}=-0.0277{+-}0.0013{sub -0.0019}{sup +0.0014} (7.1.10{sup 5} events), {delta}{sup +} magnetic dipole moment with proton: {alpha}=-0.0272{+-}0.0019{sub -0.0043}{sup +0.0022} (3.1.10{sup 5} events).

The first observation of the $B^0_s\\to\\eta'\\eta'$ decay is reported. The study is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to $3.0$ ${\\rm fb^{-1}}$ of integrated luminosity collected with the LHCb detector. The significance of the signal is $6.4$ standard deviations. The branching fraction is measured to be $[3.31 \\pm 0.64\\,{\\rm (stat)} \\pm 0.28\\,{\\rm (syst)} \\pm 0.12\\,{\\rm (norm)}]\\times10^{-5}$, where the third uncertainty comes from the $B^{\\pm}\\to\\eta' K^{\\pm}$ branching fraction that is used as a normalisation. In addition, the charge asymmetries of $B^{\\pm}\\to\\eta' K^{\\pm}$ and $B^{\\pm}\\to\\phi K^{\\pm}$, which are control channels, are measured to be $(-0.2 \\pm1.3)\\%$ and $(+1.7\\pm1.3)\\%$, respectively. All results are consistent with theoretical expectations.

The photoproduction of mesons off the nucleon provides an excellent tool to gain further insight into the structure of baryons and their excitation spectrum. A large number of final states yielding various resonance contributions are accessible in photoproduction experiments. Especially in the regime of high-lying resonances, the photoproduction of multi-meson final states is of increasing importance, giving access to sequential decays of such resonances via e.g. {delta}(1232)P{sub 33} or N(1535)S{sub 11} in the intermediate state. For a complete understanding of the processes involved, however, it is insufficient to measure only unpolarized total and differential cross sections. The extraction of polarization observables from data obtained using polarized beams and targets is mandatory to constrain theoretical models and analyses and to uniquely determine the amplitudes participating in a given process. This work presents the analysis of data taken with the Crystal-Barrel/TAPS experiment at the accelerator facility ELSA in Bonn, using a linearly polarized photon beam impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. The detector system is optimized for the detection of multi-photon final states. The data has been selected for the reaction {gamma}p {yields} p{pi}{sup 0}{eta} {yields} p4{gamma} for an incoming photon energy range of 970 MeV to 1650 MeV. In this range, photon polarizations of up to 50% have been achieved. From this data, all polarization observables accessible with a linearly polarized photon beam and an unpolarized target have been extracted. This includes the beam asymmetry sum, determined as a function of various invariant masses and angles using a quasi two-body approach, along with the three-body asymmetries I{sup c} and I{sup s}. The latter two observables are unique to the acoplanar kinematics of multi-meson final states and have been measured for the first time within this work. The comparison of the results to solutions derived from various theoretical

The decays of the pseudoscalar neutral mesons π degree and eta degree have provided a test of fundamental principles. The main branch, π degree → 2γ, was investigated in the late 60's in the context of current algebra and the decay rate calculated from the singular triangle diagram is in excellent agreement with experiment. Rare leptonic decays of the neutral pseudoscalar mesons are of interest because of the information they reveal about neutral currents or other exotic interactions between leptons and quarks. The author discusses recent information on the π degree → e + e - decay

A search for D/sub s//sup +-/ decays into eta π/sup +-/ and eta' π/sup +-/ has been performed by the MarkII collaboration at the PEP e + e - storage ring. Eta particles are reconstructed by their γγ decay mode. The eta fragmentation has been measured and found to be in good agreement with the Lund model prediction. Eta' production has been measured for the first time in e + e - high energy annihilation. Good indications are found for both decay modes D/sub s//sup +-/ → eta π/sup +-/ and D/sub s//sup +-/ → eta' π/sup +-/

To reduce FAC of carbon steel in secondary system, water treatment chemistry was converted to ETA at Kori unit 1. Full scale tests to choose the optimum concentration of ETA were conducted and the evaluation after one cycle operation with ETA was also performed. Optimum concentration of ETA in final feed water was determined as 1.8 ppm. At this condition, iron concentration was reduced by 69.8% in final feed water and 69.7% in heater drain compared to ammonia-AVT. The amount of sludge removed from each steam generator was 11.3 kg, which was 88.2% lower than that of ammonia-AVT. With successful results of Kori unit 1, Applications of ETA were extended to other PWRs. Iron transport was found to be reduced significantly. Also, the output of electric power increased by 9 MWe at Young-Kwang unit 1. However, fouling of ion exchange resin in CPP was appeared. ETA appears to have a solvent function in the initial stage of ETA chemistry. Resin was restored when the fouling was removed with hot water and sodium bicarbonates. In particular, the MR type anion resin may be effective in resistance to fouling when ETA-chemistry is used. (authors)

... as Treasury's Financial Agent for the offering of the account pursuant to Public Law 104-208... offers ETAs SM. Any Federally-insured financial institution shall be eligible, but not required, to offer ETAs SM as Treasury's Financial Agent. A Federally-insured financial institution that elects to offer...

This software user manual describes the implementation and use the Extended Testability Analysis (ETA) Tool. The ETA Tool is a software program that augments the analysis and reporting capabilities of a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) testability analysis software package called the Testability Engineering And Maintenance System (TEAMS) Designer. An initial diagnostic assessment is performed by the TEAMS Designer software using a qualitative, directed-graph model of the system being analyzed. The ETA Tool utilizes system design information captured within the diagnostic model and testability analysis output from the TEAMS Designer software to create a series of six reports for various system engineering needs. The ETA Tool allows the user to perform additional studies on the testability analysis results by determining the detection sensitivity to the loss of certain sensors or tests. The ETA Tool was developed to support design and development of the NASA Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle. The diagnostic analysis provided by the ETA Tool was proven to be valuable system engineering output that provided consistency in the verification of system engineering requirements. This software user manual provides a description of each output report generated by the ETA Tool. The manual also describes the example diagnostic model and supporting documentation - also provided with the ETA Tool software release package - that were used to generate the reports presented in the manual

We present the first high spectral resolution observations of the Luminous Blue Variable eta Carinae between the Lyman limit and 1180 A. High resolution spectra (R approx. 20,000) were obtained with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite on Feb. 1 and Mar. 20, 2000. The observations were made with a 30 x 30 arcsec aperture and includes the entire Homunculus region. However, the spatial extent of the far UV flux is consistent with a point source. With the limited spatial resolution of the FUSE instrument, we can only constrain the far UV emission to be within +/- 5 arcsec of the star. The far UV spectrum of eta Car is dominated by strong absorption features of molecular hydrogen. The observed flux level at 1150A is approx. 4 times 10(exp 12) erg /cm(exp -2) /sec(exp -1) / A(exp -1) and decreases approximately linearly to approx. 920 A where converging H1 and H2 features completely blanket the spectrum. These observations were obtained as part of the FUSE Early Release Observation program.

eta_c(2980) production in gammagamma interactions has been detected via its decays into K0_sK+-pi-+, K+K-K+K- and K+K-pi+pi- in the data taken with the DELPHI detector at LEP1 and LEP2 energies. The two-photon radiative width averaged over all observed decay channels is Gamma_gammagamma = 13.9+-2.0(stat.)+-1.4(syst.)+-2.7(BR)keV. No direct decay channel eta_c -> pi+pi-pi+pi- has been observed. An upper limit Gamma_gammagamma<5.5keV at 95% confidence level has been evaluated for this decay mode.

. They contribute to twodistinct binding-time improvements. We present two extensions of Gomard's monovariant binding-time analysis for the pure lambda-calculus. Our extensions annotateand eta-expand lambda-terms. The first one eta-expands static higher-order values in dynamic contexts. The second also eta......-expands dynamic higher-order values in static contexts. As a significant application, we show that our first binding-time analysis suffices to reformulate the traditional formulation of a CPS transformation into a modern one-pass CPS transformer. This binding-time improvement is known, but it is still left...

The decay J/psi into 3γ final states has been studied. No evidence is found for the existence of the X(2.83) or any heavy narrow state (e.g., the eta/sub c/) decaying into two photons. Upper limits are given on the branching ratio J/psi → eta/sub c/,eta/sub c/ → 2γ for eta/sub c/ masses in the 2.7--3.0-GeV region. In addition, the branching ratios J/psi → γeta,γeta' are measured. It is found that the eta' branching ratio is higher than previously reported

A group of astronomers from the Aarhus University (Denmark) and the European Southern Observatory (2) have for the first time succeeded in detecting solar-type oscillations in another star. They observed the temperature of the bright northern star Eta Bootis during six nights with the 2.5-metre Nordic Optical Telescope at the Roque de los Muchachos observatory on the island of La Palma (Canary Islands) and were able to show that it varies periodically by a few hundredths of a degree. These changes are caused by pressure waves in the star and are directly dependent on its inner structure. A detailed analysis by the astronomers has shown that the observed effects are in good agreement with current stellar models. This is a most important, independent test of stellar theory. The Sun is an Oscillating Star About twenty years ago, it was discovered that the nearest star, our Sun, oscillates like the ringing of a bell with a period of about 5 minutes. The same phenomenon is known in the Earth, which begins to vibrate after earthquakes; in this way seismologists have been able to discern a layered structure in the Earth's interior. The recent impacts of a comet on Jupiter most likely had a similar effect on that planet. The observed solar oscillations concern the entire gaseous body of the Sun, but we can of course only observe them on its surface. It has been found that each mode moves the surface up and down by less than 25 metres; the combined motion is very complicated, because there are many different, simultaneous modes, each of which has a slightly different period. The exact values of these periods are sensitive to the speed of sound in the Sun's interior, which in turn depends on the density of the material there. Thus, by measuring the periods of solar oscillations, we may probe the internal structure of the Sun, that is otherwise inaccessible to observations. Why does the Sun oscillate and what is the cause of these oscillations ? We do not know yet, but it is

In a study of 2.7 million J/psi decays with the Mark III, a new magnetic detector at SPEAR, we have observed the sequential decay J/psi..--> gamma..eta/sub c/, eta/sub c/..-->..phiphi. The product branching fraction is (1.02 +- 0.25 +- 0.14) x 10/sup -4/, where the quoted errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. Analysis of the final-state angular distributions provides the first experimental determination that the spin and parity of the eta/sub c/ are 0/sup -/.

The 132 pb$^{-1}$ of data collected by ALEPH from 1991 to 1994 have been used to analyze $\\eta$ and $\\omega$ production in $\\tau$ decays. The following branching fractions have been measured: \\begin{eqnarray*} B(\\tau^-\\to\

Analysis of the results of modeling disintegration of Comet 1P/Halley after its flare in 1991 has allowed us to predict an increase of the activity of the associated Eta Aquariids meteor shower in April-May 2018.

This thesis presents a measurement of the production of high transverse momentum 17 mesons by a 520 GeV /c $\\sqrt{s}$ = 31.2) $\\pi^-$ beam using data collected during the 1990 fixed target run of Fermilab experiment E706. E706 is a second generation fixed target experiment designed to measure direct-photon production in hadron-nucleus collisions. These data provide a clean test of perturbative QCD and serve as a valuable tool for probing hadronic structure. The $\\gamma\\gamma$ decay mode of the $\\eta$ meson was studied using data from a highly segmented electromagnetic lead liquid argon sampling calorimeter. Results are presented for inclusive $\\eta$ production by $\\pi^-$ beams on both beryllium and copper targets. The $\\eta$ to $\\pi^0$ production ratio and the nuclear dependence of the $\\eta$ production cross section are also reported. These results are for $\\eta$'s in the transverse momentum range 3.5 to 9 Ge V / c and the center of mass rapidity range -0.75 to 0.75, and are the highest energy results ever obtained for inclusive $\\eta$ production using a $\\pi^-$ beam.

Non-linearities in the harmonic spectra of hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions provide evidence for the dynamical response to azimuthal spatial eccentricities. Here, we demonstrate within the framework of transport theory that even the mildest interaction correction to a picture of free-streaming particle distributions, namely the inclusion of one perturbatively weak interaction ("one-hit dynamics"), will generically give rise to all observed linear and non-linear structures. We further argue that transport theory naturally accounts within the range of its validity for realistic signal sizes of the linear and non-linear response coefficients observed in azimuthal momentum anisotropies with a large mean free path of the order of the system size in peripheral ($\\sim 50 \\%$ centrality) PbPb or central pPb collisions. The shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $\\eta/s$ of such a transport theory is approximately an order of magnitude larger than that of an almost perfect fluid. The phenomenological su...

Using a sample of (225.2 +/- 2.8) x 10(6) J/psi events collected with the Beijing Spectrometer at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider, CP and P violating decays of eta, eta', and eta(c) into pi(+)pi(-) and pi(0)pi(0) are searched for in J/psi radiative decays. No significant eta, eta', or eta(c)

The interference between $B^0_s$ meson decay amplitudes to CP final state directly or via mixing gives rise to a measurable CP-violating phase $\\phi_s$, which is predicted to be $\\phi_s^{SM} = (-0.0370\\pm0.0006)~\\mathrm{rad}$ in the Standard Model. However, such process may receive contributions from New Physics and change the value of $\\phi_s$. At present, the most precise measurement of $\\phi_s$ is given by the LHCb experiment and the world average is $\\phi_s^{\\rm{exp}} = (-0.021\\pm 0.032)~\\mathrm{rad}$, with uncertainty still dominated by the statistics. In this context, a study of $B^0_s \\to \\eta_c \\phi$ decays is performed using $pp$ collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of~3.0\\,fb$^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector during the Run~1 of the LHC. The observation of the decay $B^0_s \\to \\eta_c \\phi$ is reported, where the $\\eta_c$ meson is reconstructed in the $p\\bar{p}$, $K^+K^-\\pi^+\\pi^-$, $\\pi^+\\pi^-\\pi^+\\pi^-$ and $K^+K^-K^+K^-$ decay modes and the $\\phi(1020)$ in t...

Eta Car is one of the most massive, and intriguing, Luminous Blue Variables known. In its core resides a binary with a 5.54 years orbital period. Visible, infrared, and X-raobservations suggest that the primary star exhibits a very dense wind with a terminal velocity of about 420 km/s, while the secondary shows a much faster and less dense wind with a terminal velocity of 3000 km/s. The wind-wind collision zone at the core of Eta Car is thus a complex region that deserves a detailed study to understand the effect of the binary interaction in the evolution of the system. Here, we will present a unique imaging campaign with GRAVITY/VLTI of the Eta Car's core. The superb quality of our interferometric data, together with state-of-the-art image reconstruction techniques, allowed us to obtain, with milliarcsecond resolution, continuum and chromatic images cross the BrG and HeI lines in the Eta Car K-band spectrum (R 4000). These new data together with models of the primary wind of Eta Car has letting us to characterize the spatial distribution of the dust and gas in the inner 40 AU wind-wind collision zone of the target.

The ETA-2 electron beam will be used to drive a high power microwave frequency FEL for plasma heating experiments. For maximum FEL output power the beam energy at the entrance to the wiggler should be within ±1% of the wiggler resonance value. In initial operations the ETA-2 beam energy stayed within this range for a maximum time of less than 13 ns, Much of the energy variation was due to the design of the pulsed power feeds to the of the pulsed power feeds to the accelerator induction cells. A new multicable pulsed power feed design was tested in a shortened version of ETA-2 where it extended the time during which the beam energy stayed within the ±1% limits to greater than 40 ns. These design changes are now being incorporated into the full accelerator. 9 refs., 4 figs

Analysis of Eta Car's X-ray spectrum in the 2-10 keV band using quicklook data from the XRay Telescope on Swift shows that the flux on July 30, 2014 was 4.9 plus or minus 2.0×10(exp-12) ergs s(exp-1)cm(exp-2). This flux is nearly equal to the X-ray minimum flux seen by RXTE in 2009, 2003.5, and 1998, and indicates that Eta Car has reached its X-ray minimum, as expected based on the 2024-day period derived from previous 2-10 keV observations with RXTE.

The mass of the eta' meson is theoretically expected to be reduced at finite density, which indicates the existence of eta'-nucleus bound states. To investigate these states, we perform missing-mass spectroscopy for the (p, d) reaction near the eta' production threshold. The overview of the

Intermediate resolution spectral scans of eta Car in the range 3.2--14 μm provide strong support for the model proposed by Robinson, Hyland, and Thomas (1973) in which the infrared emission arises from two concentric dust shells heated by the central object. No fine-structure or recombination emission lines were observed over this spectral range

The core of the nebula surrounding Eta Carinae has been observed with the VLT Adaptive Optics system NACO and with the interferometer VLTI/MIDI. Narrow-band images at 3.74 and 4.05 micron reveal the butterfly shaped dusty environment with an unprecedented spatial resolution. A void region around the

... regulations; (c) Offer technical assistance to the ETA regional offices and State agencies in carrying out JS... observations from visits to State JS offices, agricultural work sites and migrant camps. In the Annual Report... interview with representatives of the organizations. (iv) He/she shall meet with the State MSFW Monitor...

The processes eta'(c) -> rho(0)rho(0), K*0K*0, and phi phi are searched for using a sample of 1.06 x 10(8) psi' events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. No signals are observed in any of the three final states. The upper limits on the decay branching fractions are determined

Minimum Bias production cross sections of $\\eta$ mesons have been measured in 200AGeV S+Au and S+S collisions at the CERN SPS by reconstructing the $\\eta\\rightarrow\\gamma\\gamma$ decay. The measurements have been made over the rapidity range $2.1 \\leq y \\leq 2.9$ using the leadglass spectrometer of WA80. Within the statistical and systematical uncertainties the spectral shapes of $\\pi~0$ and $\\eta$ mesons yields are identical when their invariant differential cross section is plotted as a function of the transverse mass. The relative normalization of the $\\eta$ to $\\pi~0$ transverse mass spectra is found to be $0.53 \\pm 0.07$ for S+Au and $0.43 \\pm 0.15$ for S+S reactions. Extrapolation to full phase space leads to an integrated cross section ratio of $\\eta$ to $\\pi~0$ mesons of $0.15 \\pm 0.02 {\\rm (stat.)} \\pm 0.02 {\\rm (syst.)}$, and $0.12 \\pm 0.03 {\\rm (stat.)} \\pm 0.02 {\\rm (syst.)}$ for S+Au and S+S collisions, respectively.

The mass and width of the lowest-lying S-wave spin singlet charmonium state, the eta(c), are measured using a data sample of 1: 06 x 10(8) psi (3686) decays collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring. We use a model that incorporates full interference between the signal reaction,

A search for the production of the $\\eta'_c$ meson, the first radial excitation of the ground state of charmonium $\\eta_c$(2980), in the photon-photon fusion reaction at LEP has been performed using the data collected by the DELPHI detector during 1992-1996. No evidence of $\\eta'_c$ production is found in the mass region 3520--3800 MeV/c$^2$. %By using the signal of the $\\eta_c$(2980) %Assuming that the decay branching ratios of the $\\eta_c$ and %$\\eta'_c$ into the hadrons are nearly the same, the An upper limit for the ratio of the two-photon widths of the $\\eta'_c$ and $ccess to f

The mechanisms of dinitrogen hydrogenation by two different complexes--[(eta(5)-C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Zr](2)(mu(2),eta(2),eta(2)-N(2)), synthesized by Chirik and co-workers [Nature 2004, 427, 527], and {[P(2)N(2)]Zr}(2)(mu(2),eta(2),eta(2)-N(2)), where P(2)N(2) = PhP(CH(2)SiMe(2)NSiMe(2)CH(2))(2)PPh, synthesized by Fryzuk and co-workers [Science 1997, 275, 1445]--are compared with density functional theory calculations. The former complex is experimentally known to be capable of adding more than one H(2) molecule to the side-on coordinated N(2) molecule, while the latter does not add more than one H(2). We have shown that the observed difference in the reactivity of these dizirconium complexes is caused by the fact that the former ligand environment is more rigid than the latter. As a result, the addition of the first H(2) molecule leads to two different products: a non-H-bridged intermediate for the Chirik-type complex and a H-bridged intermediate for the Fryzuk-type complex. The non-H-bridged intermediate requires a smaller energy barrier for the second H(2) addition than the H-bridged intermediate. We have also examined the effect of different numbers of methyl substituents in [(eta(5)-C(5)Me(n)H(5)(-)(n))(2)Zr](2)(mu(2),eta(2),eta(2)-N(2)) for n = 0, 4, and 5 (n = 5 is hypothetical) and [(eta(5)-C(5)H(2)-1,2,4-Me(3))(eta(5)-C(5)Me(5))(2)Zr](2)(mu(2),eta(2),eta(2)-N(2)) and have shown that all complexes of this type would follow a similar H(2) addition mechanism. We have also performed an extensive analysis on the factors (side-on coordination of N(2) to two Zr centers, availability of the frontier orbitals with appropriate symmetry, and inflexibility of the catalyst ligand environment) that are required for successful hydrogenation of the coordinated dinitrogen.

We analyze the {gamma}p->{eta}p process from threshold up to 1.2 GeV, employing an effective Lagrangian approach that allows for a mixing of eta couplings of pseudoscalar and pseudovector nature. The mixing ratio of the couplings may serve as a quantitative estimation of the SU{sub L}(3)xSU{sub R}(3) extended chiral symmetry violation in this energy regime. The data analyzed (differential cross sections and asymmetries) show a preference for the pseudoscalar coupling-91% of pseudoscalar coupling component for the best fit. We stress that a more conclusive answer to this question requires a more complete electromagnetic multipole database than the presently available one.

Spectroscopy of the luminous star Eta Carinae has been performed in the atmospheric windows between 1.0 and 2.3 μm. The spectral resolution employed, up to about 1200, is the highest yet used at these wavelengths on this object. More than 80 emission lines have been recorded and identifications are offered for 90% of them, mostly with species also seen at optical wavelengths. The emission lines are little affected by either circumstellar reddening or optical depth effects. Evidence that the central star is hotter than 40,000 K is found and abundance for some species are derived. Eta Car is found to be overabundant in helium, but probably underabundant in iron in the gaseous state

Theoretical expressions for the angular and spectral distributions of synchrotron radiation involve modified Bessel functions of fractional order and the integral ∫sup(infinitely)sub(x)Ksub(ν)(eta)d eta. A simple series expression for these quantities which can be evaluated numerically with hand-held programmable calculators is presented. (orig.)

Full Text Available This article analyzes time variation in the lethal violence of the terrorist organization ETA. Given the dynamic structure of the time series of fatalities, I look at the effect of a number of independent variables (the celebration of different types of elections, anti-ETA activity by extreme right-wing organizations and the GAL, police arrests, and other relevant events, such as the referendums on the Constitution and the Statute of Autonomy of Guernica. To do so, I have estimated several ARIMA models using the time series of fatalities between 1968 and 2007. Moreover, the results obtained are complemented by a historical-political analysis of the period of maximum violence, which took place during the Spanish transition to democracy.

This article reviews the historical origins of Attachment Theory and Evolutionary Threat Assessment Systems Theory (ETAS Theory), their evolutionary basis and their application in research on religion and mental health. Attachment Theory has been most commonly applied to religion and mental health in research on God as an attachment figure, which has shown that secure attachment to God is positively associated with psychological well-being. Its broader application to religion and mental health is comprehensively discussed by Kirkpatrick (2005). ETAS Theory explains why certain religious beliefs--including beliefs about God and life-after-death--should have an adverse association, an advantageous association, or no association at all with mental health. Moreover, it makes specific predictions to this effect, which have been confirmed, in part. The authors advocate the application of ETAS Theory in research on religion and mental health because it explains how religious and other beliefs related to the dangerousness of the world can directly affect psychiatric symptoms through their affects on specific brain structures.

The authors report results for measurements of the decay branching fractions of B 0 to the charmless final states ηω and ηK 0 , and of B + to ηρ + and η'π + . None of these decays have been observed definitively. Measurements of the related decays B + --> ηK + , B + --> ηπ + , and B --> η'K were published recently. Charmless decays with kaons are usually expected to be dominated by b --> s loop (''penguin'') transitions, while b --> u tree transitions are typically larger for the decays with pions and ρ mesons. However the B --> ηK decays are especially interesting since they are suppressed relative to the abundant B --> η'K decays due to destructive interference between two penguin amplitudes. The CKM-suppressed b --> u amplitudes may interfere significantly with penguin amplitudes, possibly leading to large direct CP violation in B + --> ηρ + and B + --> η'π + ; numerical estimates are available in a few cases. The authors search for such direct CP violation by measuring the charge asymmetry A ch (equivalent t o) (Γ - - Γ + )/(Γ - + Γ + ) in the rates Γ ± = Γ(B ± --> f ± ), for each observed charged final state f ± . Charmless B decays are becoming useful to test the accuracy of theoretical predictions. Phenomenological fits to the branching fractions and charge asymmetries can be used to understand the importance of tree and penguin contributions and may provide sensitivity to the CKM angle γ

This paper describes an experiment designed to search for a new form of nuclear matter--a bound /eta/-nucleus system. The (π + ,p) reaction was used to study the possible formation of an /eta/-mesic nucleus. No narrow /eta/-nuclear bound states were observed using 7 Li, 12 C, 16 O and 27 Al targets. 7 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab

To reduce the iron concentration in the secondary water of plants with pressurized water reactors (PWRs), ethanolamine (ETA) is used as an alkalizing agent in the secondary cycle. An on-line ion chromatography (IC) monitoring system for monitoring concentrations of ETA and anions of organic acids was developed, its performance was evaluated, and verification tests were conducted at an actual PWR plant. It was demonstrated that the concentration of both ETA and anions of organic acids may be successfully monitored by IC in PWR secondary cycle streams alkalized by ETA. (orig.)

The Controlled Cholesky factorisation has been shown to be a robust preconditioner for the Conjugate Gradient method. In this scheme the amount of fill-in is defined in terms of a parameter {eta}, the number of extra elements allowed per column. It is demonstrated how an optimum value of {eta} can be automatically determined when solving time dependent p.d.e.`s using an implicit time step method. A comparison between CCCG({eta}) and the standard ICCG solving parabolic problems on general grids shows CCCG({eta}) to be an efficient general purpose solver.

We present the first measurement of the Michel parameters $\\bar{\\eta}$ and $\\xi\\kappa$ in the radiative leptonic decay of the $\\tau$ lepton using 703 f$\\mathrm{b}^{-1}$ of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB $e^+e^-$ collider. The Michel parameters are measured by an unbinned maximum likelihood fit to the kinematic information of $e^+e^-\\rightarrow\\tau^+\\tau^-\\rightarrow (\\pi^+\\pi^0 \\bar{\

Eta Car, with its historical outbursts, visible ejecta and massive, variable winds, continues to challenge both observers and modelers. In just the past five years over 100 papers have been published on this fascinating object. We now know it to be a massive binary system with a 5.54-year period. In January 2009, Car underwent one of its periodic low-states, associated with periastron passage of the two massive stars. This event was monitored by an intensive multi-wavelength campaign ranging from -rays to radio. A large amount of data was collected to test a number of evolving models including 3-D models of the massive interacting winds. August 2009 was an excellent time for observers and theorists to come together and review the accumulated studies, as have occurred in four meetings since 1998 devoted to Eta Car. Indeed, Car behaved both predictably and unpredictably during this most recent periastron, spurring timely discussions. Coincidently, WR140 also passed through periastron in early 2009. It, too, is a intensively studied massive interacting binary. Comparison of its properties, as well as the properties of other massive stars, with those of Eta Car is very instructive. These well-known examples of evolved massive binary systems provide many clues as to the fate of the most massive stars. What are the effects of the interacting winds, of individual stellar rotation, and of the circumstellar material on what we see as hypernovae/supernovae? We hope to learn. Topics discussed in this 1.5 day Joint Discussion were: Car: the 2009.0 event: Monitoring campaigns in X-rays, optical, radio, interferometry WR140 and HD5980: similarities and differences to Car LBVs and Eta Carinae: What is the relationship? Massive binary systems, wind interactions and 3-D modeling Shapes of the Homunculus & Little Homunculus: what do we learn about mass ejection? Massive stars: the connection to supernovae, hypernovae and gamma ray bursters Where do we go from here? (future

The authors provide a cautionary note on reporting accurate eta-squared values from multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs. They reinforce the distinction between classical and partial eta-squared as measures of strength of association. They provide examples from articles published in premier psychology journals in which the authors…

A pulsed electron accelerator has been constructed and is now in operation at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. This Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) a 5 MeV, 10 kA, 50 ns FWHM, five pulse burst at 1 kHz, was designed to be the front end or injector for the Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA). The ATA is presently under construction and will have the following parameters: beam energy - 50 MeV, beam current - 10 kA, pulse length - 70 ns, repetition rate in a ten pulse burst - 1 kHz. The parameters which make the pulse power components unique for these machines are the high repetition rate in a burst and a high degree of regulation in the system to insure pulse to pulse repeatability. Because of the larger number of components requird for ATA, a much higher degree of reliability will be required. Improvements and modifications continue to be made on the ETA, which is serving as a base of development for all ATA pulse power components. Furthermore, all ATA pulse power components will be tested at length in a test stand before beginning mass production to insure proper design to meet voltage, current, rep-rate and life requirements

Full Text Available Global Eta Framework (GEF is a global atmospheric model developed in general curvilinear coordinates and capable of running on arbitrary rectangular quasi-uniform spherical grids, using stepwise (Eta representation of the terrain. In this study, the model is run on a cubed-sphere grid topology, in a version with uniform Jacobians (UJ, which provides equal-area grid cells, and a smooth transition of coordinate lines across the edges of the cubed-sphere. Within a project at the Brazilian Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate Studies (CPTEC, a nonhydrostatic version of this model is under development and will be applied for seasonal prediction studies. This note describes preliminary tests with the GEF on the UJ cubed-sphere in which model performance is evaluated in seasonal simulations at a horizontal resolution of approximately 25 km, running in the hydrostatic mode. Comparison of these simulations with the ERA-Interim reanalyses shows that the 850 hPa temperature is underestimated, while precipitation pattern is mostly underestimated in tropical continental regions and overestimated in tropical oceanic regions. Nevertheless, the model is still able to well capture the main seasonal climate characteristics. These results will be used as a control run in further tests with the nonhydrostatic version of the model.

Neutral pion and $\\eta$ meson invariant differential yields were measured in non-single diffractive p-Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{\\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV with the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. The analysis combines results from three complementary photon measurements, utilizing the PHOS and EMCal calorimeters and the Photon Conversion Method. The invariant differential yields of $\\pi^0$ and $\\eta$ meson inclusive production are measured near mid-rapidity in a broad transverse momentum range of $0.34$ GeV/$c$ at $0.483\\pm0.015{\\rm {(stat.)}}\\pm 0.015 {\\rm{(syst.)}}$. A deviation from $m_{\\rm T}$ scaling is observed for $p_{\\rm T}<2$ GeV/$c$. The measured $\\eta/\\pi^0$ ratio is consistent with previous measurements from pA and pp collisions over the full $p_{\\rm T}$ range. The measured $\\eta/\\pi^0$ ratio at high $p_{\\rm T}$ also agrees within uncertainties with measurements from AA collisions. The $\\pi^0$ and $\\eta$ yields in p-Pb relative to the scaled pp interpolated reference, $R_{\\rm pPb}$, are present...

The study of meson production in proton-proton collisions in the energy range up to one GeV above the production threshold provides valuable information about the nature of the nucleon-nucleon interaction. Theoretical models describe the interaction between nucleons via the exchange of mesons. In such models, different mechanisms contribute to the production of the mesons in nucleon-nucleon collisions. The measurement of total and differential production cross sections provide information which can help in determining the magnitude of the various mechanisms. Moreover, such cross section information serves as an input to the transport calculations which describe e.g. the production of e{sup +}e{sup -} pairs in proton- and pion-induced reactions as well as in heavy ion collisions. In this thesis, the production of {omega} and {eta} mesons in proton-proton collisions at 3.5 GeV beam energy was studied using the High Acceptance DiElectron Spectrometer (HADES) installed at the Schwerionensynchrotron (SIS 18) at the Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt. About 80 000 {omega} mesons and 35 000 {eta} mesons were reconstructed. Total production cross sections of both mesons were determined. Furthermore, the collected statistics allowed for extracting angular distributions of both mesons as well as performing Dalitz plot studies. The {omega} and {eta} mesons were reconstructed via their decay into three pions ({pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0}) in the exclusive reaction pp {yields} pp{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{pi}{sup 0}. The charged particles were identified via their characteristic energy loss, via the measurement of their time of flight and momentum, or using kinematics. The neutral pion was reconstructed using the missing mass method. A kinematic fit was applied to improve the resolution and to select events in which a {pi}{sup 0} was produced. The correction of measured yields for the effects of spectrometer acceptance was done as a function of four

Corkscrew beam motion is caused by chromatic aberration and misalignment of a focusing system. We have taken some measures to control the corkscrew motion on the ETA-II induction accelerator. To minimize chromatic aberration, we have developed an energy compensation scheme which reduces energy sweep and differential phase advance within a beam pulse. To minimize the misalignment errors, we have developed a time-independent steering algorithm which minimizes the observed corkscrew amplitude averaged over the beam pulse. The steering algorithm can be used even if the monitor spacing is much greater than the system's cyclotron wavelength and the corkscrew motion caused by a given misaligned magnet is fully developed, i.e., the relative phase advance is greater than 2π. (Author) 5 figs., 11 refs

Among the various recommendations for the surveillance of the integrity of the materials of the Secondary Cycle (Balance of Plant) it is the periodic removal of a steam generator tube and a condenser tube and their analysis. It considers assessment of the water chemistry, corrosion and the reciprocal effect on or from other components of the cycle. Embalse N.P.P. is a CANDU 6 type, Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor, located in Cordoba Province, Argentina. Previous papers have shown results on tubes removed from the steam generators (Bordoni et al., NPC'08, September 15-18, 2008, Berlin, Germany; 6 th Canadian Nuclear Society - Steam Generators Conference, November 8-11, 2009, Toronto, Canada). Considering that the Embalse BOP has mixed metallurgy, i.e., steam generator tubes made of A800, piping made of ferrous alloys and condenser tubes made of Admiralty Brass and also taking into account that the chemistry has been modified from Morpholine control to ETA control (Fernandez et. al, NPC'2010, October 3-7, Quebec City, Canada), it has been decided to remove and analyze a condenser tube that has been placed in operation coincidently with the establishment of the ETA chemical control. The extraction is dated along with the November 2011 Plant Programmed Outage. Objectives are assessing the operative behavior of the tube performing visual and optical microscope inspection, SEM analysis of the oxides and deposits in exposed surfaces and occluded locations like tube sheet and other tests as well. Results are compared to the same analysis performed on a new tube in storage and integrated with the chemical operative figures of the cycle during the period: chemical data and corrosion products transport. (authors)

Eta Car is the only giant-eruption survivor that can be observed well. Hence it is genuinely unique for testing instability theories which are crucial for very massive stars. Fortuitously, a rapid change of state began about 1998. This represents an unexpected stage in the recovery following the Great Eruption (supernova impostor event) seen 170 years ago. Now there are reasons to think that the change of state is nearly complete. HST/STIS has been the main source of information on this phenomenon, and is the only instrument that can show the final (or nearly final) state. Therefore we propose to complete this record in Cy 25. The archival value is very high, because similar observations will later be impossible; the star is changing irreversibly. HST is needed, because UV is essential and because all ground-based spectroscopy of eta Car is heavily contaminated by emission lines formed about 0.3 arcsec away. For this object each HST orbit produces many high-quality spectra. The same data apply to other problems, e.g. exotic emission processes in the ejecta, bipolar structures, and the nature of the companion star.We propose STIS observations: (1) A final update of the central star's wind spectrum at selected NUV-to-red wavelengths. (2) Brief UV spectroscopy with the MAMA echelle. This will be the only such data obtained at a time when the companion star is near apoastron. (3) Special sampling of the Homunculus ejecta-nebula using STIS/CCD with long exposure times. This was done once before, in 2000, and major changes have occurred since then.

Higher-order matching is a special case of unification of simply-typed lambda-terms: in a matching equation, one of the two sides contains no unification variables. Loader has recently shown that higher-order matching up to beta equivalence is undecidable, but decidability of higher-order matching...... up to beta-eta equivalence is a long-standing open problem.We show that higher-order matching up to beta-eta equivalence is decidable if and only if a restricted form of higher-order matching up to beta equivalence is decidable: the restriction is that solutions must be in long beta-eta normal form....

The reaction e + e - ->e + e - eta'(958) has been observed by detecting the final state π + π - γ. The two-photon width of the eta' has been measured to be GAMMA(eta'->γγ)=5.1+-0.4+-0.7 keV. A search for the iota(1440) has been made in the rho 0 γ final state. An upper limit has been obtained for the product GAMMA(iota(1440)->γγ), B(iota->rho 0 γ)<1.5 keV (95% CL). (orig.)

Quasi-free photoproduction of {eta}-mesons has been measured off nucleons bound in {sup 3}He nuclei for incident photon energies from the threshold region up to 1.4 GeV. The experiment was performed at the tagged photon facility of the Mainz MAMI accelerator with an almost 4{pi} covering electromagnetic calorimeter, combining the TAPS and Crystal Ball detectors. The {eta}-mesons were detected in coincidence with the recoil nucleons. This allowed a comparison of the production cross section off quasi-free protons and quasi-free neutrons and a full kinematic reconstruction of the final state, eliminating effects from nuclear Fermi motion. In the S{sub 11}(1535) resonance peak, the data agree with the neutron/proton cross section ratio extracted from measurements with deuteron targets. More importantly, the prominent structure observed in photoproduction off quasi-free neutrons bound in the deuteron is also clearly observed. Its parameters (width, strength) are consistent with the expectations from the deuteron results. On an absolute scale the cross sections for both quasi-free protons and neutrons are suppressed with respect to the deuteron target pointing to significant nuclear final-state interaction effects. (orig.)

... for UTF accounting. Data on SUTA Dumping measures state compliance with section 303(k) of the Social... Insurance (OUI) of the Employment and Training Administration (ETA) has responsibility for the Tax...

The new 17-electron species [Fe(eta(4)-P2C2tBu2)2]- (2) and 16-electron species [Fe(eta(4)-P2C2tBu2)2] (3) are rare examples of readily accessible, open-shell iron sandwich complexes with phosphaorganic ligands. The presented data lead us to conclude that phosphorus derivative (3) is a true analogue

Based on $5.8 \\times 10^7 \\jpsi$ events collected with BESII at the Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPC), the decay branching fractions of $\\jpsi\\to\\omega\\pio$, $\\omega\\eta$, and $\\omega\\etap$ are measured using different $\\eta$ and $\\etap$ decay modes. The results are higher than previous measurements. The $\\omega\\pio$ electromagnetic form factor is also obtained.

The complexes Cp*2TiR (Cp* = eta-5-C5Me5; R = Me, Et, n-Pr, C2H3, CH2CMe3, Ph) undergo thermolysis to yield the fulvene complex Cp*FvTi (Fv = eta-6-C5Me4CH2) and RH. Kinetic measurements and deuterium labeling studies show that the decomposition is catalyzed by Cp*2TiH, which is formed either by

In this research, the formation and transformation mechanisms of {eta} (Ni{sub 3}Ti) phase in an Fe-Ni-based superalloy at different Ti/Al ratios were investigated. In addition to Ti content, Ti/Al ratio also affects the {eta} phase. So alloys with different Ti/Al ratios were prepared and the microstructures were analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The alloy with lower Ti but higher Ti/Al ratio has a higher {eta} volume fraction. Time-temperature-precipitation diagrams of {eta} phase in the superalloys with different Ti/Al ratios are also presented. Based on the experimental results, when the Ti/Al ratio was decreased from 20 to 3, the time and temperature of {eta} precipitation shifted to longer and higher values, respectively, and the {eta} volume fraction decreased. Ti/Al of 3 could significantly retard the formation of {eta} phase. Depending on the Ti/Al ratio, and the time and temperature of ageing, {eta} was precipitated at twin and grain boundaries or inside the grains, either by {gamma}' {yields} {eta} transformation or directly by formation of austenite. It was also shown that a high Ti/Al ratio in the alloy would reduce the fraction of twin boundaries after solution annealing which affects the {eta} phase nucleation.

DNA polymerase {eta} (Pol{eta}) is unique among eukaryotic polymerases in its proficient ability for error-free replication through ultraviolet-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, and inactivation of Pol{eta} (also known as POLH) in humans causes the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum (XPV). We present the crystal structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol{eta} (also known as RAD30) in ternary complex with a cis-syn thymine-thymine (T-T) dimer and with undamaged DNA. The structures reveal that the ability of Pol{eta} to replicate efficiently through the ultraviolet-induced lesion derives from a simple and yet elegant mechanism, wherein the two Ts of the T-T dimer are accommodated in an active site cleft that is much more open than in other polymerases. We also show by structural, biochemical and genetic analysis that the two Ts are maintained in a stable configuration in the active site via interactions with Gln55, Arg73 and Met74. Together, these features define the basis for Pol{eta}'s action on ultraviolet-damaged DNA that is crucial in suppressing the mutagenic and carcinogenic consequences of sun exposure, thereby reducing the incidence of skin cancers in humans.

We present a retrospective ETAS (Epidemic Type of Aftershock Sequence) model based on the daily updating of free parameters during the background, the learning and the test phase of a seismic sequence. The idea was born after the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The CSEP (Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability) Center in Japan provided an appropriate testing benchmark for the five 1-day submitted models. Of all the models, only one was able to successfully predict the number of events that really happened. This result was verified using both the real time and the revised catalogs. The main cause of the failure was in the underestimation of the forecasted events, due to model parameters maintained fixed during the test. Moreover, the absence in the learning catalog of an event similar to the magnitude of the mainshock (M9.0), which drastically changed the seismicity in the area, made the learning parameters not suitable to describe the real seismicity. As an example of this methodological development we show the evolution of the model parameters during the last two strong seismic sequences in Italy: the 2009 L'Aquila and the 2012 Reggio Emilia episodes. The achievement of the model with daily updated parameters is compared with that of same model where the parameters remain fixed during the test time.

We monitored Eta Carinae with the Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 and Gemini GMOS throughout the 2009 spectroscopic event, which was expected to differ from its predecessor in 2003. Here we report major observed differences between events and their implications. Some of these results were quite unexpected. (1) The UV brightness minimum was much deeper in 2009. This suggests that physical conditions in the early stages of an event depend on different parameters than the 'normal' inter-event wind. Extra mass ejection from the primary star is one possible cause. (2) The expected He II λ4687 brightness maximum was followed several weeks later by another. We explain why this fact and the timing of the λ4687 maxima strongly support a 'shock breakup' hypothesis for X-ray and λ4687 behavior as proposed 5-10 years ago. (3) We observed a polar view of the star via light reflected by dust in the Homunculus nebula. Surprisingly, at that location, the variations of emission-line brightness and Doppler velocities closely resembled a direct view of the star, which should not have been true for any phenomena related to the orbit. This result casts very serious doubt on all the proposed velocity interpretations that depend on the secondary star's orbital motion. (4) Latitude-dependent variations of H I, He I, and Fe II features reveal aspects of wind behavior during the event. In addition, we discuss implications of the observations for several crucial unsolved problems.

The production of π 0 and eta 0 mesons in the reactions pd→π 0 tau and pd→eta 0 tau has been studied at very backward angles for kinetic proton energies Tsub(p) ranging from 0.92 to 2.6 GeV. The excitation functions at phisub(π) = phisub(eta) = 180 0 display large structures which might be related to baryonic (Δ and N*) excitations in the intermediate state

The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Enzyme-Treated Asparagus Extract (ETAS) on improving stress response. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial was undertaken in healthy volunteers. ETAS (150 mg/d) or a placebo was consumed for 28 d, with a washout period. Psychological parameters were examined using a self-report scale questionnaire and psychological stress was applied using the Uchida-Kraepelin (U-K) test. During the stress load, autonomic nervous function was analyzed. After the stress load, a profile of mood states (POMS) psychological rating was performed, and serum cortisol, plasma catecholamine, salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and salivary cortisol were analyzed. ETAS intake improved the self-reported rating for the items "Feel tired," "Hard to get up," and "Feel heavy" in the psychological questionnaire; ameliorated the self-reported rating for the items "Depression-Dejection" and "Fatigue" in the POMS questionnaire; and increased salivary sIgA levels after the U-K test. In contrast, serum and salivary cortisol levels, and plasma catecholamine did not change. During the U-K test, ETAS significantly upregulated the sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, ETAS intake significantly increased the number of answers and the number of correct answers in the U-K test, suggesting that it might improve office work performance with swiftness and accuracy under stressful conditions. In conclusion, ETAS supplementation reduced feelings of dysphoria and fatigue, ameliorated quality of sleep, and enhanced stress-load performance as well as promoted stress response by increasing salivary sIgA levels. These data suggest ETAS intake may exert beneficial effects, resulting from well-controlled stress management, in healthy individuals.

The pseudoscalar meson \\eta_b has been searched for in two-photon interactions at LEP II. The data sample corresponds to a total integrated luminosity of 617 pb^-1 at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 161 to 209 GeV. Upper limits at a confidence level of 95% on the product {\\Gamma_\\gamma\\gamma}(\\eta_b) x BR(\\eta_b)are 190, 470 and 660 eV/c^2 for the \\eta_b decaying into 4, 6 and 8 charged particles, respectively.

We monitored Eta Carinae with the Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 and Gemini GMOS throughout the 2009 spectroscopic event, which was expected to differ from its predecessor in 2003. Here we report major observed differences between events and their implications. Some of these results were quite unexpected. (1) The UV brightness minimum was much deeper in 2009. This suggests that physical conditions in the early stages of an event depend on different parameters than the "normal" inter-event wind. Extra mass ejection from the primary star is one possible cause. (2) The expected He II λ4687 brightness maximum was followed several weeks later by another. We explain why this fact and the timing of the λ4687 maxima strongly support a "shock breakup" hypothesis for X-ray and λ4687 behavior as proposed 5-10 years ago. (3) We observed a polar view of the star via light reflected by dust in the Homunculus nebula. Surprisingly, at that location, the variations of emission-line brightness and Doppler velocities closely resembled a direct view of the star, which should not have been true for any phenomena related to the orbit. This result casts very serious doubt on all the proposed velocity interpretations that depend on the secondary star's orbital motion. (4) Latitude-dependent variations of H I, He I, and Fe II features reveal aspects of wind behavior during the event. In addition, we discuss implications of the observations for several crucial unsolved problems. Based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under the NASA contract NAS 5-26555.

Three rabbit vessels, the carotid and pulmonary arteries and the jugular vein were investigated to identify vascular monoreceptor systems (either ETA or ETB) to be used in structure-activity studies on endothelins and their antagonists. The RbCA has been found to behave as a monoreceptor ETA preparation, since it shows much greater sensitivity to ET-1 than to ET-3 and is insensitive to IRL 1620. The contractile response of the RbCA to ET-1 is reduced in the presence of BQ-123 but is not influenced by BQ-788. The RbPA behaves as a pure ETB system when stimulated with the ETB selective agonist IRL 1620. The contractile effect of IRL 1620 is reduced in the presence of BQ-788 but is not influenced by BQ-123. The RbJV responds to ET-1 and to IRL 1620 with contractions that are reduced by both BQ-123 and BQ-788, respectively. THe RbJV appears to be a mixed ETA and ETB system in which the two functional sites play an equivalent role in the stimulatory contractile response. Thus, contractile ETA and ETB receptors have been found in arterial and venous vessels of the rabbit and some of these vessels provide sensitive and selective (either ETA or ETB) preparations that appear to be adequate for pharmacological studies on ET receptor agonists or antagonists.

Observations in the far-UV provide a unique opportunity to investigate the very massive star Eta Car and its hot binary companion, Eta Car B. Eta Car was observed with FUSE over a large portion of the 5.54 year spectroscopic period before and after the 2003.5 minimum. The observed spectrum is defined by strong stellar wind signatures, primarily from Eta Car A, complicated by the strong absorptions of the ejecta surrounding Eta Car plus interstellar absorption. The Homunculus and Little Homunculus are massive bipolar ejecta historically associable with LBV outbursts in the 1840s and the 1890s and are linked to absorptions at -513 and -146 km/s, respectively. The FUSE spectra are confused by the extended nebulosity and thermal drifting of the FUSE co-pointed instruments. Interpretation is further complicated by two B-stars sufficiently close to h Car to be included most of the time in the large FUSE aperture. Followup observations partially succeeded in obtaining spectra of at least one of these B-stars through the smaller apertures, allowing potential separation of the B-star contributions and h Car. A complete analysis of all available spectra is currently underway. Our ultimate goals are to directly detect the hot secondary star if possible with FUSE and to identify the absorption contributions to the overall spectrum especially of the stellar members and the massive ejecta.

The helicity dependence of the vector(gamma)vector(p)->p eta reaction has been measured for the first time at a center-of-mass angle theta sup * subeta=70 in the photon energy range from 780 MeV to 790 MeV. The experiment, performed at the Mainz microtron MAMI, used a 4 pi-detector system, a circularly polarized, tagged photon beam, and a longitudinally polarized frozen-spin target. The helicity 3/2 cross-section is found to be small and the results for helicity 1/2 agree with predictions from the MAID analysis. (orig.)

We present a non-stationary epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model in which the usual assumption of stationary background rate is relaxed. Such a model could be used for modeling seismic sequences affected by aseismic transients such as fluid/magma intrusion, slow slip earthquakes (SSEs), etc. The non-stationary background rate is expressed as a linear combination of B-splines, and a method is proposed that allows for simultaneous estimation of background rate as well as other ETAS model parameters. We also present an extension to this non-stationary ETAS model where an adaptive roughness penalty function is used and consequently provides better estimates of rapidly varying background rate functions. The performance of the proposed methods is demonstrated on synthetic catalogs and an application to detect earthquake swarms (possibly associated with SSEs) in Hikurangi margin (North Island, New Zealand) is presented.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

We report a measurement of the rate for B {yields} {eta}{prime} X{sub s} transitions where the {eta}{prime} meson has center-of-mass momentum in the range 2.0 to 2.7 GeV/c and X{sub s} represents a system comprising a kaon and up to four pions. Our study is based on 22.2 million B{bar B} pairs collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) with the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. We find {Beta}(B {yields} {eta}{prime}X{sub s}) = (6.8{sub -1.0}{sup +0.7}(stat) {+-} 1.0(syst){sub -0.5}{sup +0.0}(bkg)) x 10{sup -4} assuming that the signal is due to b {yields} sg* transitions.

A search for the charmless $B^{0}_{s} \\to \\eta^{\\prime}\\phi$ decay is performed using $pp$ collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of $7$ and $8$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb$^{-1}$. No signal is observed and upper limits on the $B^{0}_{s} \\to \\eta^{\\prime}\\phi$ branching fraction are set to $0.82\\times 10^{-6}$ at $90\\%$ and $1.01\\times 10^{-6}$ at $95\\%$ confidence level.

We present a complete evaluation for the prompt $\\eta_c$ production at the LHC at next-to-leading order in $\\alpha_s$ in nonrelativistic QCD. By assuming heavy quark spin symmetry, the study of $\\eta_c$ production results in a very strong constraint on the upper bound of the color-octet long distance matrix element $\\mopa$ of $J/\\psi$. We find this upper bound is consistent with our previous study of the $J/\\psi$ yield and polarization and can give good descriptions for the measurements, but in conflict with most other theoretical studies. This may provide important information for understanding the mechanism of charmonium production.

We present measurements of branching fractions and charge asymmetries for six B-meson decay modes with an η or η(prime) meson in the final state. The data sample corresponds to 232 million B(bar B) pairs collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e + e - B Factory at SLAC

Measurements were made of the cross section of the reactions π - p → eta'(958)n, eta' → 2γ at momenta of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 40 GeV/c. The experiment was carried out on the IHEP 70 GeV accelerator using the 648 channel hodoscope spectrometer NICE for γ-ray detection. A total of 6000 eta' mesons were recorded. A sharp drop is seen in the differential cross section for t → 0. The dependences of the differential cross sections π - p → eta'n and π-p → etan on t are identical. On the basis of the ratio of the cross sections for these reactions at t = 0, i.e. R(eta'/n)sub(t=0) = 0.55 +- 0.06, the singlet-octet mixing angle for pseudoscalar mesons was determined to be β = -(18.2 +- 1.4) 0 . (Auth.)

This paper delimits and analyzes the effects of the harassment perpetrated by ETA's terrorist network in the Basque Country. The aim was to provide a taxonomy of the consequences of psychological violence and to validate this taxonomy, by means of a content analysis of 37 testimonies of victims of

The photoproduction of eta-mesons off (12)C, (40)Ca, (93)Nb, and (nat)Pb nuclei has been measured with a tagged photon beam with energies between 0.6 and 2.2 GeV. The experiment was performed at the Bonn ELSA accelerator with the combined setup of the Crystal Barrel and TAPS calorimeters. It aimed

The electromagnetic fields in the immediate vicinity of the Experimental Test Accelerator (ETA) at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory have been characterized. Various EM sensors that cover the frequency band from the very low frequencies up into the GHz region have been used. The report describes in detail the probes, the test set-up and the data processing techniques

... be provided in the desired format, reporting burden (time and financial resources) is minimized... Information Collection Request for the ETA 9128, Reemployment and Eligibility Assessments Workloads Report... burden, conducts a preclearance consultation program to provide the general public and Federal agencies...

We discuss the events that led to the giant eruption of Eta Carinae, and find that the mid-nineteenth century (in 1838-1843) giant mass-loss outburst has the characteristics of being produced by the merger event of a massive close binary, triggered by the gravitational interaction with a massive

We report preliminary measurements of the exclusive charmless semileptonic branching fractions of the B{sup +} {yields} {eta}{ell}{sup +}{nu} and B{sup +} {yields} {eta}'{ell}{sup +}{nu} decays. These measurements are based on 316 fb{sup -1} of data collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance by the BABAR detector. In events in which the decay of one B meson to a hadronic final state is fully reconstructed, the semileptonic decay of the recoiling B meson is identified by the detection of a charged lepton and an {eta} or {eta}'. We measure the branching fraction {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {eta}{ell}{sup +}{nu}) = (0.84 {+-} 0.27 {+-} 0.21) x 10{sup -4}, where the first error is statistical and the second one systematic. We also set an upper limit on the branching fraction of {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {eta}{ell}{sup +}{nu}) < 1.4 x 10{sup -4} and {Beta}(B{sup +} {yields} {eta}'{ell}{sup +}{nu}) < 1.3 x 10{sup -4} at the 90% confidence level.

The production of the $\\eta_c (1S)$ state in proton-proton collisions is probed via its decay to the $p \\bar{p}$ final state with the LHCb detector, in the rapidity range $2.0 6.5$ GeV/c. The cross-section for prompt production of $\\eta_c (1S)$ mesons relative to the prompt $J/\\psi$ cross-section is measured, for the first time, to be $\\sigma_{\\eta_c (1S)}/\\sigma_{J/\\psi} = 1.74 \\pm 0.29 \\pm 0.28 \\pm 0.18 _{B}$ at a centre-of-mass energy $\\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.7 fb$^{-1}$, and $\\sigma_{\\eta_c (1S)}/\\sigma_{J/\\psi} = 1.60 \\pm 0.29 \\pm 0.25 \\pm 0.17 _{B}$ at $\\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV using 2.0 fb$^{-1}$. The uncertainties quoted are, in order, statistical, systematic, and that on the ratio of branching fractions of the $\\eta_c (1S)$ and $J/\\psi$ decays to the $p \\bar{p}$ final state. In addition, the inclusive branching fraction of $b$-hadron decays into $\\eta_c (1S)$ mesons is measured, for the first time, to be $B ( b \\rightarrow \\eta_c X ) = (4.88 \\pm 0.64 \\pm ...

Previous measurements of the {eta} meson mass performed at different experimental facilities resulted in very precise data but differ by up to more than eight standard deviations, i.e., 0.5 MeV/c. Interestingly, the difference seems to be dependent on the measuring method: two missing mass experiments, which produce the {eta} meson in the {sup 3}He{eta} final state, deviate from the recent invariant mass ones. In order to clarify this ambiguous situation a high precision mass measurement was realised at the COSY-ANKE facility. Therefore, a set of deuteron laboratory beam momenta and their associated {sup 3}He centre-of-mass momenta was measured in the dp{yields}{sup 3}HeX reaction near the {eta} production threshold. The {eta} meson was identified by the missing mass peak, whereas its mass was extracted by fixing the production threshold. The individual beam momenta were determined with a relative precision of 3 x 10{sup -5} for values just above 3 GeV/c by using a polarised deuteron beam and inducing an artificial depolarising spin resonance occurring at a well-defined frequency. The final state momenta in the two-body reaction dp{yields}{sup 3}He{eta} were investigated in detail by studying the size of the {sup 3}He momentum sphere with the forward detection system of the ANKE spectrometer. Final alignment and momentum calibration of the spectrometer was achieved by a comprehensive study of the {sup 3}He final state momenta as a function of the centre-of-mass angles, taking advantage of the full geometrical acceptance. The value obtained for the mass at COSY-ANKE m{sub {eta}}=(547.873{+-}0.005{sub stat.}{+-}0.027{sub syst.}) MeV/c{sup 2} is therefore worldwide the most precise one. This mass value is contrary to earlier missing mass experiments but it is consistent and competitive with recent invariant mass measurements, in which the meson was detected through its decay products.

The epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model is one of the most popular tools for modeling seismicity and quantifying risk in earthquake-prone regions. Under the ETAS model, the occurrence times of earthquakes are treated as a self-exciting Poisson process where each earthquake briefly increases the probability of subsequent earthquakes occurring soon afterwards, which captures the fact that large mainshocks tend to produce long sequences of aftershocks. A triggering kernel controls the amount by which the probability increases based on the magnitude of each earthquake, and the rate at which it then decays over time. This triggering kernel is usually chosen heuristically, to match the parametric form of the modified Omori law for aftershock decay. However recent work has questioned whether this is an appropriate choice. Since the choice of kernel has a large impact on the predictions made by the ETAS model, avoiding misspecification is crucially important. We present a novel nonparametric version of ETAS which avoids making parametric assumptions, and instead learns the correct specification from the data itself. Our approach is based on the Dirichlet process, which is a modern class of Bayesian prior distribution which allows for efficient inference over an infinite dimensional space of functions. We show how our nonparametric ETAS model can be fit to data, and present results demonstrating that the fit is greatly improved compared to the standard parametric specification. Additionally, we explain how our model can be used to perform probabilistic declustering of earthquake catalogs, to classify earthquakes as being either aftershocks or mainshocks. and to learn the causal relations between pairs of earthquakes.

Neutral pion and η meson production in the transverse momentum range 1 < $p_{T}$ < 20 GeV/$c$ have been measured at mid-rapidity by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in central and semi-central Pb-Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV. These results were obtained using the photon conversion method as well as the PHOS and EMCal detectors. The results extend the upper $p_{T}$ reach of the previous ALICE $\\pi^{0}$ measurements from 12 GeV/$c$ to 20 GeV/$c$ and present the first measurement of $\\eta$ meson production in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. The $\\eta/\\pi^{0}$ ratio is similar for the two centralities and reaches at high $p_{T}$ a plateau value of 0.457 ± 0.013 (stat) ± 0.018 (syst). A suppression of similar magnitude for $\\pi^{0}$ and $\\eta$ meson production is observed in Pb-Pb collisions with respect to their production in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. We discuss the results in terms of NLO pQCD predictions and hydrodynami...

The first measurements of the invariant differential cross sections of inclusive $\\pi^0$ and $\\eta$ meson production at mid-rapidity in proton-proton collisions at $\\sqrt{s}=0.9$ TeV and $\\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV are reported. The $\\pi^0$ measurement covers the ranges $0.4eta$ mesons was measured at $\\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV in the range $0.4pi^0$ spectrum at $\\sqrt{s}=0.9$ TeV, overestimate those of $\\pi^0$ and $\\eta$ mesons at $\\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV, but agree with the measured $\\eta/\\pi^0$ ratio at $\\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV.

The reaction of 1,5-Ph4P2N4Se2, 1, prepared by the treatment of Ph2PN2(SiMe3)3 with a mixture of SeCl4 and Se2Cl2 in acetonitrile, with [PtCl2(PEt3)]2 gives the adducts [PtCl2(PEt3)]n[eta1-N-Ph4P2N4Se2] (2, n = 1; 3, n = 2) in which the P2N4Se2 ring is shown by an X-ray structural determination of 3

A peak is reported in the etaπ + π - system, produced in the reaction γp->etaπ + π - p, at a mass of 1.28+-0.01 GeV with a width of 0.08+-0.02 GeV. Possible spin-parity assignments for the peak are shown to be Jsup(π)=1 - , Jsup(π)=1 + or Jsup(π)=2 + and interpretations of these assignments are discussed. (orig.)

Pyridine is metalated selectively at the 2-position by (Cp*2YH)2 to yield Cp*2Y(2-pyridyl) (1). Compound 1 reacts with H2 to give the hydride addition product Cp*2Y(NC5H6) (2). With THF and pyridine the adducts Cp*2Y(eta2-2-pyridyl)(THF) (3) and Cp*2Y(eta1-2-pyridyl)-(py) (4) are formed. The

An electro-thermal annealing (ETA) method, which uses an electrical pulse of less than 100 ns, was developed to improve the electrical performance of array-level amorphous-oxide-semiconductor (AOS) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The practicality of the ETA method was experimentally demonstrated with transparent amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) TFTs. The overall electrical performance metrics were boosted by the proposed method: up to 205% for the trans-conductance (gm), 158% for the linear current (Ilinear), and 206% for the subthreshold swing (SS). The performance enhancement were interpreted by X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), showing a reduction of oxygen vacancies in a-IGZO after the ETA. Furthermore, by virtue of the extremely short operation time (80 ns) of ETA, which neither provokes a delay of the mandatory TFTs operation such as addressing operation for the display refresh nor demands extra physical treatment, the semipermanent use of displays can be realized.

X-ray photometry in the 2-10 keY band of the the supermassive binary star Eta Car has been measured with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer from 1996-2010. The ingress to X-ray minimum is consistent with a period of 2024 days. The 2009 X-ray minimum began on January 162009 and showed an unexpectedly abrupt recovery starting after 12 Feb 2009. The X-ray colors become harder about half-way through all three minima and continue until flux recovery. The behavior of the fluxes and X-ray colors for the most recent X-ray minimum, along with Chandra high resolution grating spectra at key phases suggests a significant change in the inner wind of Eta Car, a possible indicator that the star is entering a new unstable phase of mass loss.

The simultanous DTA, ETA and TG inorganic ion exchanger based on zirconium phosphate enables the clear interpretation of the effects occuring. In particular it can be seen that the fast transition in amorphous preparates at high temperature of a badly defined form of pyrophosphate into the cubic crystalline substances, however a measurable energy release by means of DTA is not observed due to the slight mobility of the atoms in the crystal lattice. This effect on the other hand may be seen using ETA. In addition, an exothermal reaction occuring in some preparates, especially in cation charged ones, was traced back to the forming of part-crystalline structures which could be especially fast and sensitively characterized using DTA. (orig.) [de

We have measured the inclusive cross section for eta production in e + e - interactions near charm threshold using the Crystal Ball detector. No pronounced structure in the energy dependence is observed. By comparing cross sections above and below charm threshold we obtain the limits (90% confidence limit): R(e + e - →FF-barX)Br(F→etax) <0.15--0.32 (for E/sub c.m./ from 4.0 to 4.5 GeV), Br(D→etax)<0.13 [averaged over charged and neutral D components of the psi''(3770) decays]. Our results are inconsistent with a previous report of a large energy dependence of the eta cross section ascribed to the crossing the FF* and F*F* production thresholds

Eta Carinae, the most massive and luminous star known in our galaxy, is rapidly boiling matter off its surface. At any time its core could collapse into a black hole, which may result in a gamma-ray burst (GRB) that can devastate life on Earth. Auspiciously, recent observations indicate that the GRBs are narrowly beamed in cones along the rotational axis of the progenitor star. In the case of Eta Carinae the GRBs will not point to us, but will be ravaging to life on planets in our galaxy that happen to lie within the two beaming cones. The mean rate of massive life extinctions by jets from GRBs, per life-supporting planet in galaxies like ours, is once in 100 million years, comparable to the rate of major extinctions observed in the geological records of our planet. GRB extinctions also provide an answer to Fermi's question about alien visitors: ``Where are they?''

In the framework of the effective Lagrangian approach, the authors study the {eta}{prime} photoproduction off protons, of great interest at CEBAF I and II. They calculate the contributions from the leading nucleon Born terms, vector meson exchanges, and estimate the resonance contributions, using the transition amplitudes from the recent quark model estimates by Capstick and Roberts. They discuss implications for the CEBAF experiments.

Earlier Microwave Measurements of the ETA Accelerating Cells has uncovered eleven resonances in the frequency range of 0 > 850 MHz. The Q values of these modes ranged from 14 to 70. A three phase program directed at substantially reducing these Q values is reported. In particular the dampening methods described below resulted in a decrease of Q value from 40 to 5 for the beam breakup mode (TM 110 ) with a corresponding reduction for most of the other cavity modes

In the 1840’s, Eta Carina brightened to rival Sirius in apparent magnitude only to fade to naked-eye visibility for 5 decades, brightened somewhat in the 1890s and faded again until the 1940’s when it began a progressive brightening that continues. Today Eta Carina is a massive binary (100 Mo and 30 Mo) with a 5.54-year period, immersed in a massive (>40Mo) dusty, bipolar nebula. The radiation and kinetic energy of the 1840s event rivals that of a supernova, but the binary survived. While Eta Carina is suggested to be a supernova imposter, most imposters, seen in nearby galaxies, lead to actual supernova events months to years afterwards, yet the binary, Eta Carina, is still with us 170 years after the outburst.With modern observatories we are gaining much insight on the massive binary--followed by many ground-based telescopes, the fossil wind structures--mapped with HST/STIS, the Little Homunculus--discovered with HST/STIS and Homunculus--now being studied with ALMA. 3D models are able to explain much of the structures, but potentially much material remains hidden in the form of molecules on the far side of the Homunculus in the equatorial skirt region, where Herschel observations indicate the bulk of dust-emitting continuum resides.Was there a third star that became a supernova? Did one of the two stars go through a near supernova experience?This poster will summarize observations and modeling of the current system in hopes that theorists will become interested in providing scenarios and models that led to the ejecta and binary we observe today.

Apoptosis is frequently regulated by different protein kinases including protein kinase C family enzymes. Both inhibitory and stimulatory effects were demonstrated for several of the different PKC isoforms. Here we show that the novel PKC isoform, PKC{eta}, confers protection against apoptosis induced by the DNA damaging agents, UVC irradiation and the anti-cancer drug - Camptothecin, of the breast epithelial adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells. The induced expression of PKC{eta} in MCF-7 cells, under the control of the tetracycline-responsive promoter, resulted in increased cell survival and inhibition of cleavage of the apoptotic marker PARP-1. Activation of caspase-7 and 9 and the release of cytochrome c were also inhibited by the inducible expression of PKC{eta}. Furthermore, JNK activity, required for apoptosis in MCF-7, as indicated by the inhibition of both caspase-7 cleavage and cytochrome c release from the mitochondria in the presence of the JNK inhibitor SP600125, was also suppressed by PKC{eta} expression. Hence, in contrast to most PKC isoforms enhancing JNK activation, our studies show that PKC{eta} is an anti-apoptotic protein, acting as a negative regulator of JNK activity. Thus, PKC{eta} could represent a target for intervention aimed to reduce resistance to anti-cancer treatments.

To determine the phylogenetic relationships among hominoids and the dates of their divergence, the complete nucleotide sequences of the constant region of the immunoglobulin eta-chain (C/sub eta1/) genes from chimpanzee and orangutan have been determined. These sequences were compared with the human eta-chain constant-region sequence. A molecular clock (silent molecular clock), measured by the degree of sequence divergence at the synonymous (silent) positions of protein-encoding regions, was introduced for the present study. From the comparison of nucleotide sequences of ..cap alpha../sub 1/-antitrypsin and ..beta..- and delta-globulin genes between humans and Old World monkeys, the silent molecular clock was calibrated: the mean evolutionary rate of silent substitution was determined to be 1.56 x 10/sup -9/ substitutions per site per year. Using the silent molecular clock, the mean divergence dates of chimpanzee and orangutan from the human lineage were estimated as 6.4 +/- 2.6 million years and 17.3 +/- 4.5 million years, respectively. It was also shown that the evolutionary rate of primate genes is considerably slower than those of other mammalian genes.

Full Text Available Cemented carbides, also known as Widia, are hard metals produced by sintering process and widely used in mechanical machining. They show high cutting capacity and good wear resistance; consequently, they result to be excellent materials for manufacturing cutting tools and sandblast nozzles. In this work, the wear resistance of WC-Co carbides containing Eta-phase, a secondary phase present in the hard metals when a carbon content deficiency occurs, is analyzed. Different mixtures of carbide are prepared and sintered, with different weight percentages of carbon, in order to form Eta-phase and then analyze how the carbon content influences the wear resistance of the material. This characterization is carried out by abrasive wear tests. The test parameters are chosen considering the working conditions of sandblast nozzles. Additional information is gathered through microscopic observations and the evaluation of hardness and microhardness of the different mixtures. The analyses highlight that there is a limit of carbon content below which bad sintering occurs. Considering the mixtures without these sintering problems, they show a wear resistance depending on the size and distribution of the Eta-phase; moreover, the one with high carbon content deficiency shows the best performance.

We investigate seismicity related to hydrothermal systems in Germany and Italy, focussing on temporal changes of seismicity rates. Our analysis was motivated by numerical simulations The modeling of stress changes caused by the injection and production of fluid revealed that seismicity rates decrease on a long-term perspective which is not observed in the considered case studies. We analyze the waiting time distributions of the seismic events in both time domain (inter event times) and fluid volume domain (inter event volume). We find clear indications that the observed seismicity comprises two components: (1) seismicity that is directly triggered by production and re-injection of fluid, i.e. induced events, and (2) seismicity that is triggered by earthquake interactions, i.e. aftershock triggering. In order to better constrain our numerical simulations using the observed induced seismicity we apply catalog declustering to seperate the two components. We use the magnitude-dependent space-time windowing approach introduced by Gardner and Knopoff (1974) and test several published algorithms to calculate the space-time windows. After declustering, we conclude that the different hydrothermal reservoirs show a comparable seismic response to the circulation of fluid and additional triggering by earthquake interactions. The declustered catalogs contain approximately 50 per cent of the number of events in the original catalogs. We then perform ETAS (Epidemic Type Aftershock; Ogata, 1986, 1988) modeling for two reasons. First, we want to know whether the different reservoirs are also comparable regarding earthquake interaction patterns. Second, if we identify systematic patterns, ETAS modeling can contribute to forecast seismicity during production of geothermal energy. We find that stationary ETAS models cannot accurately capture real seismicity rate changes. One reason for this finding is given by the rate of observed induced events which is not constant over time. Hence

The photoproduction of {eta} meson on hydrogen has been measured from threshold to 1100 MeV in GRAAL experiment performed in 1996 - 1997 at the ESRF in Grenoble by a collaboration of Italian, French and Russian groups. A tagged and linearly polarized photon beam has been produced by back-scattering a laser beam on the 6 GeV electron beam of the ESRF ring. The target was a liquid hydrogen target of 3 cm. A 4{pi} detection system was used. It is composed of three layers of detectors: wire chambers, scintillator counters and calorimeters. We had in charge to install and calibrate a double wall of scintillator bars (3 x 3 m) designed to detect at forward angles (1 deg. - 25 deg.) the charged particles and to measure their loss of energy and their time of flight. We analyzed the results of the reaction {gamma}p {yields} {eta}p by identifying the {eta} in the lateral calorimeter which is a BGO ball and by detecting the proton in the scintillation counters. The {Sigma} beam asymmetry was extracted from {phi} distribution of {eta} meson and was plotted against {theta}{sub CM} of {eta} for 6 intervals of energy between the threshold and 1100 MeV. The interpretation of {Sigma} beam asymmetry was performed in the frame of the isobaric model. The use of two resonances S11(1535) and D13(1520) to explain our results was not sufficient. We had to take into account in addition the excitation of the resonances P13(1720), D15(1675) and P13(1880). The last being missing in the table of resonances and recently revealed by quark models. (author) 94 refs., 56 figs., 20 tabs.

Neutral pion and $\\eta$ meson production in the transverse momentum range 1 < $p_{T}$ < 20 GeV/$c$ have been measured at mid-rapidity by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in central and semi-central Pb-Pb collisions at $\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV. These results were obtained using the photon conversion method as well as the PHOS and EMCal detectors. The results extend the upper $p_{T}$ reach of the previous ALICE $\\pi^{0}$ measurements from 12 GeV/$c$ to 20 GeV/$c$ and present the first measurement of $\\eta$ meson production in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. The $\\eta/\\pi^{0}$ ratio is similar for the two centralities and reaches at high $p_{T}$ a plateau value of 0.457 $\\pm$ 0.013$^{stat}$ $\\pm$ 0.018$^{syst}$. A suppression of similar magnitude for $\\pi^{0}$ and $\\eta$ meson production is observed in Pb-Pb collisions with respect to their production in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. We discuss the results in terms of NLO pQCD predictions...

The reaction pp -> pf (pi0pi0pi0) ps has been studied at 450 GeV/c. The pi0pi0pi0 effective mass spectrum shows clear eta(547) and pi2(1670) signals. Branching ratios for the eta(547) and pi_2(1670) are given as well as upper limits for the decays of the omega(782), a1(1260) and a2(1320) into 3pi0.

The inclusive production of the omega(782) vector meson in hadronic Z decays is measured and compared to model predictions. The analysis is based on 4 million hadronic Z decays recorded by the ALEPH detector between 1991 and 1995. The production rate for x_p = p_meson/p_beam > 0.05 is measured in the omega -> pi^+ pi^- pi^0 decay mode and found to be 0.585 +- 0.019_stat +- 0.033_sys per event. Inclusive eta meson production is also measured in the same decay channel for x_p > 0.10, obtaining 0.355 +- 0.011_stat +- 0.024_sys per event. The branching ratio for omega -> mu^+ mu^- is investigated. A total of 18.1 +- 5.9 events are observed, from which the muonic branching ratio is measured for the first time to be BR(omega -> mu^+ mu^-) = (9.0 +- 2.9_stat +- 1.1_sys)*10^-5.

We present a prototype operational loss model based on UCERF3-ETAS, which is the third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast with an Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) component. As such, UCERF3-ETAS represents the first earthquake forecast to relax fault segmentation assumptions and to include multi-fault ruptures, elastic-rebound, and spatiotemporal clustering, all of which seem important for generating realistic and useful aftershock statistics. UCERF3-ETAS is nevertheless an approximation of the system, however, so usefulness will vary and potential value needs to be ascertained in the context of each application. We examine this question with respect to statewide loss estimates, exemplifying how risk can be elevated by orders of magnitude due to triggered events following various scenario earthquakes. Two important considerations are the probability gains, relative to loss likelihoods in the absence of main shocks, and the rapid decay of gains with time. Significant uncertainties and model limitations remain, so we hope this paper will inspire similar analyses with respect to other risk metrics to help ascertain whether operationalization of UCERF3-ETAS would be worth the considerable resources required.

The HST archive contains multiple epochs of WFPC2 images of the nebula around Eta Carinae taken over a 15-year timespan, although only the earliest few years of data have been analyzed and published. The fact that all these images were taken with the same instrument, with the same pixel sampling and field distortion, makes them an invaluable resource for accurately measuring the expanding ejecta. The goal of a previously accepted AR proposal was to analyze the full set of appropriate continuum-filter HST images to place precise constraints on the avereage ejection date of the Homunculus Nebula; this analysis is now complete (Smith et al 2016) and the nebula appears to have been ejected in the second half of 1847. Here we propose to continue this project by constraining the motion of the more extended and much older Outer Ejecta around Eta Carinae. Older material outside the main bipolar nebula traces previous major outbursts of the star with no recorded historical observations. We propose an ambitious reduction and analysis of the complete WFPC2 imaging dataset of Eta Car. These data can reconstruct its violent mass-loss history over the past thousand years. We have already started this by analyzing two epochs of ACS F658N images, and astonishingly, these data suggested two previous eruptions in the 13th and 15th centuries assuming ballistic motion. WFPC2 images will extend the baseline by 10 yr, and critically, more than 2 epochs allow us to measure any deceleration in the ejecta. We will also analyze Doppler shifts in ground-based spectra in order to reconstruct the 3D geometry of past mass ejection. This AR proposal will fund the final year of a PhD thesis.

The evolved, massive highly eccentric binary system, Car, underwent a periastron passage in the summer of 2014. We obtained two coordinated X-ray observations with XMM-Newton and NuSTAR during the elevated X-ray flux state and just before the X-ray minimum flux state around this passage. These NuSTAR observations clearly detected X-ray emission associated with eta Car extending up to approx. 50 keV for the first time. The NuSTAR spectrum above 10 keV can be fit with the bremsstrahlung tail from a kT approx. 6 keV plasma. This temperature is delta kT 2 keV higher than those measured from the iron K emission line complex, if the shocked gas is in collisional ionization equilibrium. This result may suggest that the companion star's pre-shock wind velocity is underestimated. The NuSTAR observation near the X-ray minimum state showed a gradual decline in the X-ray emission by 40% at energies above 5 keV in a day, the largest rate of change of the X-ray flux yet observed in individual eta Car observations. The column density to the hardest emission component, N(sub H) approx. 10(exp24) H cm(exp-2), marked one of the highest values ever observed for eta Car, strongly suggesting the increased obscuration of the wind-wind colliding X-ray emission by the thick primary stellar wind prior to superior conjunction. Neither observation detected the power-law component in the extremely hard band that INTEGRAL and Suzaku observed prior to 2011. The power-law source might have faded before these observations.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of the insertion of sludge produced in ETA, having both polyaluminum chloride as aluminum sulfate as a coagulant, clay, allowing to obtain an alternative to conventional ceramic material options. Compositions with different percentages of silt by the method of pressing shaping and burned at 900 ° C, 1100 ° C and 1200 ° C were prepared. The specimens were tested for water absorption and flexural stress. Were characterized by the techniques of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results reveal that the nature of the sludge positively affects the quality of the ceramics prepared. (author)

Using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $3 fb^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment in $pp$ collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, the effective lifetime in the $B^0_s \\rightarrow J/\\psi \\eta$ decay mode, $\\tau_{\\textrm{eff}}$, is measured to be $\\tau_{\\textrm{eff}} = 1.479 \\pm 0.034~\\textrm{(stat)} \\pm 0.011 ~\\textrm{(syst)}$ ps. Assuming $CP$ conservation, $\\tau_{\\textrm{eff}}$ corresponds to the lifetime of the light $B_s^0$ mass eigenstate. This is the first measurement of the effective lifetime in this decay mode.

Me)(2) complexes reported in the literature; both structures display eta(1)-coordination of the methylcyclopentadienyl ring to zinc, and both compounds display chirogenic alpha-carbon atoms. While 1 forms racemic crystals, 2 undergoes spontaneous resolution and crystals of 2 are thus enantiomerically...... pure. H-1 NMR showed that Zn(C5H4Me)(2) is stereochemically labile in solution with only one signal for the Cp-protons. This fact opens up the possibility for total spontaneous resolution and absolute asymmetric synthesis. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved....

The atmosphere is the main medium that transports and disperses the radioactive and/or chemical contaminants in operational use and in accidents. Atmospheric models can be used to simulate the transport of contaminants in typical accidents and for realistic meteorological conditions. This paper describes an approach to simulating the Chernobyl accident and similar hypothetical cases. The study is based on an atmospheric model extended by an additional equation that models the transport of a certain radioactive concentration. A step mountain synoptic model, called the ETA model (well-known model for weather forecasting), is used to investigate the transport and deposition of radioactive material in the Chernobyl accident zone

An eta'/sub c/ candidate state is observed at a mass M = 3592 +- 5 MeV and with a natural linewidth GAMMA<8 MeV (95% confidence level), by using the ''crystal ball'' NaI(Tl) detector at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SPEAR). The evidence is found in the inclusive photon spectrum in decays of the psi'(3684), where a signal is observed corresponding to a radiative transition to this state with branching ratio between 0.2% and 1.3%

For the computation of the gross heat output of solar collectors by means of meteo data and characteristic collector parameters two programs were developed: MURD for the determination of the ''mean usable radiation density'' and ETA for the calculation of the collector efficiency i.e. relative values of gross heat output. The main features of these programs are described and detailed instructions for the use of them are given. Results of some cases for the meteo-situation of Zurich airport are given. (Auth.)

In diffractive photoproduction of etaπ + π - , the two-body substates etarho 0 and A 2 π are found to contribute significantly to the cross-section for etaπ + π masses below 2.4 GeV. From a spin-parity analysis the branching ratio, rho'(1600) -> etarho/rho'(1600) -> all, is determined to be 2 π component shows an enhacement around 1.7GeV. The spin-parity analysis indicates a probable contribution to this signal from exclusive photoproduction of the g(1690). (orig.)

A search for the pseudoscalar meson eta_b is performed in two-photon interactions at LEP~2 with an integrated luminosity of 699 pb^-1 collected at e+e- centre-of-mass energies from 181 GeV to 209 GeV. One candidate event is found in the six-charged-particle final state and none in the four-charged-particle final state, in agreement with the total expected background of about one event. Upper limits of Gamma_gammagamma(eta_b) * BR(eta_b -> 4 charged particles) 6 charged particles) < 132 eV are obtained at 95\\% confidence level, which correspond to 95\\% confidence level upper limits of $9.0\\%$ and $25\\%$ on these branching ratios.

Full Text Available This study presents an application of the ETAS model to the first 20 days of the 2016 central Italy sequence. Despite of the provisional nature of data, the model is able to describe the occurrence rate, but for the first hours after the mainshock occurrence. A sensitivity analysis of the model to two uncertainty sources, the model parameters and the occurrence history, shows that the second has a main role in controlling the performance of the ETAS model, more than the uncertainty on parameters. Previous results, together with the clear inability of ETAS to forecast the occurrence of a sequence before its starting time, give important suggestions about possible improvements. Here, a very preliminary attempt in this sense is presented.

Full Text Available Contour integral representations of Riemann's Zeta function and Dirichlet's Eta (alternating Zeta function are presented and investigated. These representations flow naturally from methods developed in the 1800s, but somehow they do not appear in the standard reference summaries, textbooks, or literature. Using these representations as a basis, alternate derivations of known series and integral representations for the Zeta and Eta function are obtained on a unified basis that differs from the textbook approach, and results are developed that appear to be new.

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) forward resistivity plate chambers (RPCs) at the high eta region must be operated in presence of a radiation-induced rate as high as 1 kHz/cm**2. It is still unknown if the RPCs coated with linseed oil can be operated under such a high- radiation environment over the lifetime of CMS. Non-oiled RPCs may be one of the options since phenolic or melamine-coated bakelite is chemically stabler than linseed oil. We have constructed oiled and non-oiled RPCs at the high eta region of CMS using phenolic bakelite and tested them in the Gamma Irradiation Facility at CERN. While both RPCs show the same characteristics in the efficiency and the strip multiplicity, the non-oiled RPC generates an intrinsic noise rate of 50 Hz/cm**2, compared to only 5 Hz/cm**2 for the oiled RPC, both at 10.0kV which is about 100 V above the 95% knee of the efficiency curve.

Stellar wind-emission features in the spectrum of eta Carinae have decreased by factors of 1.5-3 relative to the continuum within the last 10 years. We investigate a large data set from several instruments (STIS, GMOS, UVES) obtained between 1998 and 2011 and analyze the progression of spectral changes in direct view of the star, in the reflected polar-on spectra at FOS4, and at the Weigelt knots. We find that the spectral changes occurred gradually on a timescale of about 10 years and that they are dependent on the viewing angle. The line strengths declined most in our direct view of the star. About a decade ago, broad stellar wind-emission features were much stronger in our line-of-sight view of the star than at FOS4. After the 2009 event, the wind-emission line strengths are now very similar at both locations. High-excitation He I and N II absorption lines in direct view of the star strengthened gradually. The terminal velocity of Balmer P Cyg absorption lines now appears to be less latitude dependent, and the absorption strength may have weakened at FOS4. Latitude-dependent alterations in the mass-loss rate and the ionization structure of eta Carinae's wind are likely explanations for the observed spectral changes.

The HL-LHC phase is designed to increase by an order of magnitude the amount of data to be collected by the LHC experiments. To achieve this goal in a reasonable time scale the instantaneous luminosity would also increase by an order of magnitude up to $6 \\cdot 10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$. The region of the forward muon spectrometer ($|\\eta| > 1.6$) is not equipped with RPC stations. The increase of the expected particles rate up to 2 kHz/cm$^2$ ( including a safety factor 3 ) motivates the installation of RPC chambers to guarantee redundancy with the CSC chambers already present. The actual RPC technology of CMS cannot sustain the expected background level. A new generation Glass-RPC (GRPC) using low resistivity glass (LR) is proposed to equip at least the two most far away of the four high eta muon stations of CMS. The design of small size prototypes and the studies of their performances under high rate particles flux is presented.

The HL-LHC phase is designed to increase by an order of magnitude the amount of data to be collected by the LHC experiments. To achieve this goal in a reasonable time scale the instantaneous luminosity would also increase by an order of magnitude up to $6.10^{34} cm^{-2} s^{-1}$ . The region of the forward muon spectrometer ($|{\\eta}| > 1.6$) is not equipped with RPC stations. The increase of the expected particles rate up to $2 kHz/cm^{2}$ (including a safety factor 3) motivates the installation of RPC chambers to guarantee redundancy with the CSC chambers already present. The actual RPC technology of CMS cannot sustain the expected background level. The new technology that will be chosen should have a high rate capability and provides a good spatial and timing resolution. A new generation of Glass-RPC (GRPC) using low-resistivity (LR) glass is proposed to equip at least the two most far away of the four high ${\\eta}$ muon stations of CMS. First the design of small size prototypes and studies of their perfor...

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) forward resistivity plate chambers (RPCs) at the high eta region must be operated in presence of a radiation-induced rate as high as 1kHz/cm2. It is still unknown if the RPCs coated with linseed oil can be operated under such a high-radiation environment over the lifetime of CMS. Non-oiled RPCs may be one of the options since phenolic or melamine-coated bakelite is chemically stabler than linseed oil. We have constructed oiled and non-oiled RPCs at the high eta region of CMS using phenolic bakelite and tested them in the Gamma Irradiation Facility at CERN. While both RPCs show the same characteristics in the efficiency and the strip multiplicity, the non-oiled RPC generates an intrinsic noise rate of 50Hz/cm2, compared to only 5Hz/cm2 for the oiled RPC, both at 10.0kV which is about 100V above the 95% knee of the efficiency curve

In the l840's, Eta Carinae brightened to rival Sirius, then faded. Today we see a marginally naked-eye binary with an expanding, very dusty bipolar Homunculus. The energetics of the ejected mass (>l2 to 40 solar masses at 500-700 km/s plus outer bullets/strings up to 3000 km/s} approach that of a supernova. Extragalactic SN surveys detect near-supernovae thought to be like the Great Eruption of the 1840's. Eta Carinae presents an abundance of puzzles: rich in N, but 1/100th the solar C and O abundances; Ti, V, Sr, Sc persist in atomic states.... yet an abundance of molecules and dust exists in the Homunculus. How did molecules and dust form with low C and O? A near supernova occurred in the l840m, yet both binary companions, with total mass > 120 solar masses, survive in a very eccentric orbit. What is the near future of this system: a GRB? a SN? or just two WR stars that ultimately become two SNs? These and other puzzles will be presented

Eta Carinae experiences puzzling ``spectroscopic events'' with a recurrence time of 5.54 years, the last two having occurred near 1997.9 and 2003.5. As part of a Hubble Treasury Project, we obtained HST/STIS data on 10 occasions during 2003. We find that H-alpha and H-beta, the brightest observable emission lines produced in the dense stellar wind, seriously differed from their appearance observed during the previous event. Evidently the 5.5-year cycle is not entirely ``clocklike.'' The altered line profile gives information about the geometrical structure of the radiation field and mass outflow during the spectroscopic event. Since the 2003 line profiles appeared quite different from 1998 and had a suggestive shape, while the star's apparent brightness meanwhile increased by an extraordinary amount, we conjecture that Eta Car's exterior parameters are currently changing more rapidly than usual. This may conceivably mark a critical stage of thermal and/or rotational recovery following the star's 19th-century ``Supernova Impostor'' Eruption. The Treasury Project for η Car is supported by a grant from STScI, which is supported by NASA.

The molecular basis for recognition of peptide ligands endothelin-1, -2 and -3 in endothelin receptors is poorly understood. Especially the origin of ligand selectivity for ET(A) or ET(B) is not clearly resolved. We derived sequence-structure-function relationships of peptides and receptors from mutational data and homology modeling. Our major findings are the dissection of peptide ligands into four epitopes and the delineation of four complementary structural portions on receptor side explaining ligand recognition in both endothelin receptor subtypes. In addition, structural determinants for ligand selectivity could be described. As a result, we could improve the selectivity of BQ3020 about 10-fold by a single amino acid substitution, validating our hypothesis for ligand selectivity caused by different entrances to the receptors' transmembrane binding sites. A narrow tunnel shape in ET(A) is restrictive for a selected group of peptide ligands' N-termini, whereas a broad funnel-shaped entrance in ET(B) accepts a variety of different shapes and properties of ligands.

Using a sample of 1.06 x 10(8)psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the decays eta(c)(2S) -> p (p) over bar and h(c) -> p (p) over bar are searched for, where eta(c)(2S) and h(c) are reconstructed in the decay chains psi(3686) -> gamma eta(c)(2S), eta(c)(2S) -> p (p) over

First evidence of the $B^0\\to J/\\psi\\omega$ decay is found and the $B^0_s\\to J/\\psi\\eta$ and $B^0_s\\to J/\\psi\\eta^{\\prime}$ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 $\\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. Branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the $B^0\\to J/\\psi\\rho^0$ decay. All the channels under study contain photons in the final state. Precise determination of photons energies is essential for accurate measurement of the decays branching fractions. So, an auxiliary task was a regular calibration of the LHCb electromagnetic calorimeter with neutral pions. Values obtained for the $B^0_s\\to J/\\psi\\eta$ and $B^0_s\\to J/\\psi\\eta^{\\prime}$ decays branching fractions, as well as a ratio of these values, are found to be in a good agreement with both theoretical predictions and results of previous measurements. The $B^0\\to J/\\psi\\omega$ decay is seen for...

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The photochemical synthesis and subsequent ligand exchange reactions of Ru(CO)[subscript 4] (eta[superscript2]-alkene) compounds has provided a novel experiment for upper-level inorganic chemistry laboratory courses. The experiment is designed to provide a system in which the changing electronic properties of the alkene ligands could be easily…

Eta Car's detailed UV spectrum has been somewhat neglected in recent years, because of its complexity. Here we report on NUV and FUV data obtained with the HST STIS/MAMA spanning a time interval of more than a decade. The main results fall into three categories: (1) Changes in a diverse set of absorption lines (Fe II, Si II, Si IV, Al III, etc.) indicate changes in the wind's ionization structure between 2002 and 2013. The trend is toward more highly ionized species. (2) The extremely luminous N III] 1750 A multiplet has also changed in the same sense. (3) Curiously, the N III] profile in 2015 closely resembled its 2013 state. This is a surprise because those two dates had very different orbital phases; in most models the Doppler velocity profiles should have differed because the shock structure's viewing angle changed. We discuss these results' implications for the primary stellar wind and for the secondary star's orbit.

To successfully tune the DARHT II transport beamline requires the close coupling of a model of the beam transport and the measurement of the beam observables as the beam conditions and magnet settings are varied. For the ETA II experiment using the DARHT II beamline components this was achieved using the SUICIDE (Simple User Interface Connecting to an Integrated Data Environment) data analysis environment and the FITS (Fully Integrated Transport Simulation) model. The SUICIDE environment has direct access to the experimental beam transport data at acquisition and the FITS predictions of the transport for immediate comparison. The FITS model is coupled into the control system where it can read magnet current settings for real time modeling. We find this integrated coupling is essential for model verification and the successful development of a tuning aid for the efficient convergence on a useable tune. We show the real time comparisons of simulation and experiment and explore the successes and limitations of this close coupled approach

The XMM-Newton X-ray observatory took part in the multi-wavelength observing campaign of the massive, evolved star Eta Carinae in 2003 during its recent X-ray minimum in June 2003. This paper reports on the first results of these observations, which were performed (1) before the minimum (five times in January, 2003), (2) near the X-ray maximum just before the minimum (two times in June) and (3) during the minimum (four times in July-August). Hard X-ray emission from the point source of Eta Carinae was detected even during the minimum. The observed flux above 3 keV was approx. 3x10(exp -12) ergs cm(exp -2)/s, which is about one percent of the flux before the minimum. Light curves from the individual observations show no time variability on the scale of a few kilo-seconds. Changes in the spectral shape occurred, but these changes were smaller than expected if the minimum is produced solely by an increase of hydrogen column density. Fits of the hard X-Ray source by an absorbed 1T model show a constant plasma temperature at around 5 keV and an increase of column density from 5x10(exp 22) cm(exp -2) to 2x10(exp 23) cm(exp -2). The spectra below 6 keV significantly deviate from the models that fit the higher energy emission. The X-ray minimum seems to be dominated by an apparent decrease of the emission measure, suggesting that the brightest part of the X-ray emitting region is completely obscured during the minimum in the form of an eclipse. Partial covering plasma emission models might be considered for the spectral variation. The spectra also showed strong iron K line emission from both hot and cold gases, and weak line emission from Ni, Ca, Ar, S and Si.

Full Text Available Y-family DNA-polymerases have larger active sites that can accommodate bulky DNA adducts allowing them to bypass these lesions during replication. One member, polymerase eta (pol eta, is specialized for the bypass of UV-induced thymidine-thymidine dimers, correctly inserting two adenines. Loss of pol eta function is the molecular basis for xeroderma pigmentosum (XP variant where the accumulation of mutations results in a dramatic increase in UV-induced skin cancers. Less is known about the role of pol eta in the bypass of other DNA adducts. A commonly encountered DNA adduct is that caused by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE, the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of the environmental chemical benzo[a]pyrene. Here, treatment of pol eta-deficient fibroblasts from humans and mice with BPDE resulted in a significant decrease in Hprt gene mutations. These studies in mammalian cells support a number of in vitro reports that purified pol eta has error-prone activity on plasmids with site-directed BPDE adducts. Sequencing the Hprt gene from this work shows that the majority of mutations are G>T transversions. These data suggest that pol eta has error-prone activity when bypassing BPDE-adducts. Understanding the basis of environmental carcinogen-derived mutations may enable prevention strategies to reduce such mutations with the intent to reduce the number of environmentally relevant cancers.

First evidence of the $\\mathrm{B}^0\\to J/\\psi\\omega$ decay is found and the $\\mathrm{B}_{s}^0\\to J/\\psi\\eta$ and $\\mathrm{B}_{s}^0\\to J/\\psi\\eta^{\\prime}$ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0~$\\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\\sqrt{s} = 7$~TeV. The branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the $\\mathrm{B}^0\\to J/\\psi\\rho^0$ decay: %The following ratios are measured \\begin{equation} \\begin{array}{lll} \\frac{\\mathcal{B}(\\mathrm{B}^0\\to J/\\psi\\omega)}{\\mathcal{B}(\\mathrm{B}^0\\to J/\\psi\\rho^0)} $=$ \\:0.89 \\pm0.19\\,(\\mathrm{stat})\\,^{+0.07}_{-0.13}\\,(\\mathrm{syst}),\

The Module 0 of the electromagnetic end-cap calorimeter was assembled and tested with electron beams in 1999. This note presents the uniformity and the energy resolution obtained in the inner wheel and the crack region (eta=2.5). A constant term of 0.6% (excluding the crack), compatible with the expectation, is obtained in the inner wheel. Crack effect is mainly sensitive in the region eta=2.5.

We propose a 40 ksec ACIS-S observation of the 1 Gyr old system Eta Corvi, the site of an on-going Late Heavy Bombardment (Lisse et al. 2012), in order to determine the spectrum of x-ray radiation in the burgeoning system, its origin in the stellar coronae and circumstellar debris belts, and its impact on the water and organics recently delivered to a rocky planet in the terrestrial habitability zone.

DNA polymerase {eta} belongs to the Y-family of DNA polymerases, enzymes that are able to synthesize past template lesions that block replication fork progression. This polymerase accurately bypasses UV-associated cis-syn cyclobutane thymine dimers in vitro and therefore may contributes to resistance against sunlight in vivo, both ameliorating survival and decreasing the level of mutagenesis. We cloned and sequenced a cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana which encodes a protein containing several sequence motifs characteristics of Pol{eta} homologues, including a highly conserved sequence reported to be present in the active site of the Y-family DNA polymerases. The gene, named AtPOLH, contains 14 exons and 13 introns and is expressed in different plant tissues. A strain from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, deficient in Pol{eta} activity, was transformed with a yeast expression plasmid containing the AtPOLH cDNA. The rate of survival to UV irradiation in the transformed mutant increased to similar values of the wild type yeast strain, showing that AtPOLH encodes a functional protein. In addition, when AtPOLH is expressed in Escherichia coli, a change in the mutational spectra is detected when bacteria are irradiated with UV light. This observation might indicate that AtPOLH could compete with DNA polymerase V and then bypass cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers incorporating two adenylates.

Aims. We present line identifications in the 1700 to 10400A region for the Weigelt Blobs B and D, located 0.1 to 0.3" NNW of Eta Carinae. The aim of this work is to characterize the behavior of these luminous, dense gas condensations in response to the broad maximum and short minimum states of Eta Carinae during its 5.54-year spectroscopic period. Methods. The observations were carried out during March 1998, the minimum spectrum, and in February 1999, early maximum spectrum, with the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) from 1640 to 10400A using the 52"x0.1" aperture centered on Eta Carinae at position angle -28 degrees. Extractions of the reduced spectrum centered on Weigelt B and D, 0.28: in length along the slit, were used to identify the narrow, nebular emission lines, measure their wavelengths and estimate their fluxes. Results. A linelist of 1500 lines is presented for the maximum and minimum states of combined Weigelt blobs B and D. The spectra are dominated by emission lines from the iron-group elements, but include lines from lighter elements. They include parity permitted and forbidden lines. A number of lines are fluorescent lines pumped by H Ly alpha. Other lines show anomalous excitation.

The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected a γ-ray source that is spatially consistent with the location of Eta Carinae. This source has been persistently bright since the beginning of the LAT survey observations (from 2008 August to 2009 July, the time interval considered here). The γ-ray signal is detected significantly throughout the LAT energy band (i.e., up to ∼100 GeV). The 0.1-100 GeV energy spectrum is well represented by a combination of a cutoff power-law model ( 10 GeV). The total flux (>100 MeV) is 3.7 +0.3 -0.1 x 10 -7 photons s -1 cm -2 , with additional systematic uncertainties of 10%, and consistent with the average flux measured by AGILE. The light curve obtained by Fermi is consistent with steady emission. Our observations do not confirm the presence of a γ-ray flare in 2008 October, as reported by Tavani et al., although we cannot exclude that a flare lasting only a few hours escaped detection by the Fermi LAT. We also do not find any evidence for γ-ray variability that correlates with the large X-ray variability of Eta Carinae observed during 2008 December and 2009 January. We are thus not able to establish an unambiguous identification of the LAT source with Eta Carinae.

Full Text Available Endothelin-1 receptors (ETAR and ETBR act as a pivotal regulator in the biological effects of ET-1 and represent a potential drug target for the treatment of multiple cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study is to discover dual ETA/ETB receptor antagonists from traditional Chinese herbs. Ligand- and structure-based virtual screening was performed to screen an in-house database of traditional Chinese herbs, followed by a series of in vitro bioassay evaluation. Aristolochic acid A (AAA was first confirmed to be a dual ETA/ETB receptor antagonist based intracellular calcium influx assay and impedance-based assay. Dose-response curves showed that AAA can block both ETAR and ETBR with IC50 of 7.91 and 7.40 μM, respectively. Target specificity and cytotoxicity bioassay proved that AAA is a selective dual ETA/ETB receptor antagonist and has no significant cytotoxicity on HEK293/ETAR and HEK293/ETBR cells within 24 h. It is a feasible and effective approach to discover bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese herbs using in silico screening combined with in vitro bioassay evaluation. The structural characteristic of AAA for its activity was especially interpreted, which could provide valuable reference for the further structural modification of AAA.

The IFR is a well-known stable, low pressure (0.10 to 0.120 torr in air) propagation window. Secondary electrons created by collisions of beam electrons with gas atoms are rapidly expelled by the strong radial electric field of the beam charge. The ions that remain inside the beam partially neutralize the electric field, allowing magnetic pinch forces to focus the beam. Experiments with the ETA beam have re-verified this stable window and are reported. Image forces from a close wall IFR propagation tank are also experimentally shown to center the beam and damp transverse oscillations. Results of experiments using 5 and 15 cm dia beam tubes are reported. For p tau > 2 torr-nsec (gas pressure x time into pulse the beam charge becomes completely neutralized by the ions, allowing a build up of plasma and resultant beam-plasma instabilities. The onset of these instabilities has been measured using rf pickup loops (0 to 2 GHz) and microwave detectors (6 to 40 GHz), and are also reported

We present recent work using three-dimensional (3D) Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations to model the high ([Fe III], [Ar III], [Ne III] and [S III]) and low ([Fe II], [Ni II]) ionization forbidden emission lines observed in Eta Carinae using the HST/STIS. These structures are interpreted as the time-averaged, outer extensions of the primary wind and the wind-wind interaction region directly excited by the FUV of the hot companion star of this massive binary system. We discuss how analyzing the results of the 3D SPH simulations and synthetic slit spectra and comparing them to the spectra obtained with the HST/STIS helps us determine the absolute orientation of the binary orbit and helps remove the degeneracy inherent to models based solely on the observed RXTE X-ray light curve. A key point of this work is that spatially resolved observations like those with HST/STIS and comparison to 3D models are necessary to determine the alignment or misalignment of the orbital angular momentum axis with the Homunculus, or correspondingly, the alignment of the orbital plane with the Homunculus skirt.

Polymerase eta (PolH) is necessary for translesion DNA synthesis, and PolH deficiency predisposes xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) patients to cancer. Due to the critical role of PolH in translesion DNA synthesis, the activity of PolH is tightly controlled and subjected to multiple regulations, especially posttranslational modifications. Here, we show that PolH-dependent lesion bypass and intracellular translocation are regulated by Pirh2 E3 ubiquitin ligase through monoubiquitination. Specifically, we show that Pirh2, a target of the p53 tumor suppressor, monoubiquitinates PolH at one of multiple lysine residues. We also show that monoubiquitination of PolH inhibits the ability of PolH to interact with PCNA and to bypass UV-induced lesions, leading to decreased viability of UV-damaged cells. Moreover, we show that monoubiquitination of PolH alters the ability of PolH to translocate to replication foci for translesion DNA synthesis of UV-induced DNA lesions. Considering that Pirh2 is known to be overexpressed in various cancers, we postulate that in addition to mutation of PolH in XPV patients, inactivation of PolH by Pirh2 via monoubiquitination is one of the mechanisms by which PolH function is controlled, which might be responsible for the development and progression of some spontaneous tumors wherein PolH is not found to be mutated.

DNA polymerase eta (PolH), a Y family translesion polymerase, is required for repairing UV-induced DNA damage, and loss of PolH is responsible for early onset of malignant skin cancers in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV), an autosomal recessive disorder. Here, we show that PolH, a target of the p53 tumor suppressor, is a short-half-life protein. We found that PolH is degraded by proteasome, which is enhanced upon UV irradiation. We also found that PolH interacts with Pirh2 E3 ligase, another target of the p53 tumor suppressor, via the polymerase-associated domain in PolH and the RING finger domain in Pirh2. In addition, we show that overexpression of Pirh2 decreases PolH protein stability, whereas knockdown of Pirh2 increases it. Interestingly, we found that PolH is recruited by Pirh2 and degraded by 20S proteasome in a ubiquitin-independent manner. Finally, we observed that Pirh2 knockdown leads to accumulation of PolH and, subsequently, enhances the survival of UV-irradiated cells. We postulate that UV irradiation promotes cancer formation in part by destabilizing PolH via Pirh2-mediated 20S proteasomal degradation.

The major etiological agent in skin cancer is exposure to UV-irradiation and the concomitant DNA damage. UV-induced DNA lesions, such as thymine dimers, block DNA synthesis by the major DNA polymerases and inhibit the progression of DNA replication. Bypass of thymine dimers and related lesions is dependent on the translesion polymerase DNA polymerase eta (Poleta). In the inherited disorder, xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV), inactivation of Poleta results in extreme sensitivity to UV light and a marked increase in the incidence of skin cancer. Here, we tested the hypothesis that somatic mutations and/or polymorphisms in the POLH gene that encodes Poleta are associated with the induction of UV-dependent skin cancers. We sequenced the exonic regions of the Poleta open reading frame in DNA from 17 paired samples of squamous cell skin carcinoma and adjacent histologically normal tissue. We analyzed approximately 120,000 nucleotides and detected no mutations in POLH in the tumors. However, we identified 6 different single-nucleotide polymorphisms, 3 of them previously undocumented, which were present in both the tumor and paired normal tissue. We conclude that neither mutations nor polymorphisms in the coding regions of POLH are required for the generation of human skin squamous cell carcinoma.

SUMMARY Both the POLH-1 (pol eta) trans-lesion synthesis DNA polymerase and the GEI-17 SUMO E3 ligase are essential for the efficient replication of damaged chromosomes in C. elegans embryos. Here, we study how POLH-1 is regulated during a DNA damage response in these embryos. We report that DNA damage triggers the degradation of POLH-1, and that degradation is mediated by the Cul4-Ddb1-Cdt2 (CRL4-Cdt2) pathway that has previously been shown to degrade the replication factor Cdt1 during S phase. We also show that GEI-17 protects POLH-1 from CRL4-Cdt2 mediated destruction, until after it has performed its function in TLS, and this is likely via SUMOylation of POLH-1. These studies reveal that POLH-1 undergoes DNA damage-induced proteolysis, and that GEI-17 regulates the timing of this proteolysis. Implications for how this system may control the removal of POLH-1 from replication forks after TLS are discussed. PMID:19111656

DNA polymerase eta (PolH), a Y family translesion polymerase, is required for repairing UV-induced DNA damage, and loss of PolH is responsible for early onset of malignant skin cancers in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV), an autosomal recessive disorder. Here, we show that PolH, a target of the p53 tumor suppressor, is a short-half-life protein. We found that PolH is degraded by proteasome, which is enhanced upon UV irradiation. We also found that PolH interacts with Pirh2 E3 ligase, another target of the p53 tumor suppressor, via the polymerase-associated domain in PolH and the RING finger domain in Pirh2. In addition, we show that overexpression of Pirh2 decreases PolH protein stability, whereas knockdown of Pirh2 increases it. Interestingly, we found that PolH is recruited by Pirh2 and degraded by 20S proteasome in a ubiquitin-independent manner. Finally, we observed that Pirh2 knockdown leads to accumulation of PolH and, subsequently, enhances the survival of UV-irradiated cells. We postulate that UV irradiation promotes cancer formation in part by destabilizing PolH via Pirh2-mediated 20S proteasomal degradation. PMID:20008555

Both the POLH-1 (pol eta) translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase and the GEI-17 SUMO E3 ligase are essential for the efficient replication of damaged chromosomes in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Here we study how POLH-1 is regulated during a DNA-damage response in these embryos. We report that DNA damage triggers the degradation of POLH-1 and that degradation is mediated by the Cul4-Ddb1-Cdt2 (CRL4-Cdt2) pathway that has previously been shown to degrade the replication factor Cdt1 during S phase. We also show that GEI-17 protects POLH-1 from CRL4-Cdt2-mediated destruction until after it has performed its function in TLS, and this is likely via SUMOylation of POLH-1. These studies reveal that POLH-1 undergoes DNA-damage-induced proteolysis and that GEI-17 regulates the timing of this proteolysis. Implications for how this system may control the removal of POLH-1 from replication forks after TLS are discussed.

No firm evidence has existed that the ancient Maya civilization recorded specific occurrences of meteor showers or outbursts in the corpus of Maya hieroglyphic inscriptions. In fact, there has been no evidence of any pre-Hispanic civilization in the Western Hemisphere recording any observations of any meteor showers on any specific dates. The authors numerically integrated meteoroid-sized particles released by Comet Halley as early as 1404 BC to identify years within the Maya Classic Period, AD 250-909, when Eta Aquariid outbursts might have occurred. Outbursts determined by computer model were then compared to specific events in the Maya record to see if any correlation existed between the date of the event and the date of the outburst. The model was validated by successfully explaining several outbursts around the same epoch in the Chinese record. Some outbursts observed by the Maya were due to recent revolutions of Comet Halley, within a few centuries, and some to resonant behavior in older Halley trails, of the order of a thousand years. Examples were found of several different Jovian mean motion resonances as well as the 1:3 Saturnian resonance that have controlled the dynamical evolution of meteoroids in apparently observed outbursts.

We study the processes γγ→K+K−η and γγ→K+K−π0 using a data sample of 519 fb−1 recorded with the BABAR detector operating at the SLAC PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e− collider at center-of-mass energies at and near the Υ(nS) (n=2,3,4) resonances. We observe ηc→K+K−π0 and ηc→K+K−η decays, measure their

We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations of 12CO 2-1 emission from circumstellar material around the massive star Eta Carinae (η Car). These observations reveal new structural details about the cool equatorial torus located ˜4000 au from the star. The CO torus is not a complete azimuthal loop, but rather, is missing its near side, which appears to have been cleared away. The missing material matches the direction of apastron in the eccentric binary system, making it likely that η Car's companion played an important role in disrupting portions of the torus soon after ejection. Molecular gas seen in ALMA data aligns well with the cool dust around η Car previously observed in mid-infrared (IR) maps, whereas hot dust resides at the inner surface of the molecular torus. The CO also coincides with the spatial and velocity structure of near-IR H2 emission. Together, these suggest that the CO torus seen by ALMA is actually the pinched waist of the Homunculus polar lobes, which glows brightly because it is close to the star and warmer than the poles. The near side of the torus appears to be a blowout, associated with fragmented equatorial ejecta. We discuss implications for the origin of various features north-west of the star. CO emission from the main torus implies a total gas mass in the range of 0.2-1 M⊙ (possibly up to 5 M⊙ or more, although with questionable assumptions). Deeper observations are needed to constrain CO emission from the cool polar lobes.

X-ray emission from the supermassive binary system Eta Carinae declines sharply around periastron. This X-ray minimum has two distinct phases the lowest flux phase in the first 3 weeks and a brighter phase thereafter. In 2009, the Chandra X-ray Observatory monitored the first phase five times and found the lowest observed flux at 1.91012 ergs/sq cm/s (38 keV). The spectral shape changed such that the hard band above 4 keV dropped quickly at the beginning and the soft band flux gradually decreased to its lowest observed value in 2 weeks. The hard band spectrum had begun to recover by that time. This spectral variation suggests that the shocked gas producing the hottest X-ray gas near the apex of the wind-wind collision (WWC) is blocked behind the dense inner wind of the primary star, which later occults slightly cooler gas down-stream. Shocked gas previously produced by the system at earlier orbital phases is suggested to produce the faint residual X-ray emission seen when the emission near the apex is completely blocked by the primary wind. The brighter phase is probably caused by the re-appearance of the WWC plasma, whose emissivity significantly declined during the occultation. We interpret this to mean that the X-ray minimum is produced by a hybrid mechanism of an occultation and a decline in emissivity of the WWC shock. We constrain timings of superior conjunction and periastron based on these results.

The nearby sun-like star eta Corvi (F2V, d=18 pc, age =1.2 Gyr) has long been known to possess a bright, dusty Kuiper Belt that has now been resolved with Herschel PACS. A warm inner dust belt indicated by an IRAS 12 micron excess and has recently been resolved as a 3-AU scale structure by VLT observations. In 2012 Lisse et al. further characterized this warm dust using Spitzer IRS, identifying the signatures of ice, organics and silicate dust in this system's Terrestrial Habitability Zone (THZ). The system appears to be undergoing a Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB), delivering primitive, water- and organic-rich material from the Kuiper Belt to the THZ, at roughly the same relative age as the solar system's LHB. Our data also showed an upturn in the excess flux shortwards of 6 micron ? evidence for a surprisingly large amount of icy dust scattering in the inner system (fscat/fstar ~ 1.0%). This results is corroborated by our recent 2-5 micron NASA/IRTF SpeX spectroscopy. In 2012 we have obtained Spitzer/IRAC photometric data for the system, detecting the disk at 3.6 and 4.5 micron in two separate epochs, followed by a third epoch in 2013. We now propose to continue our photometric monitoring with 15 additional visits to be scheduled within cycle 11, in order to extend our temporal coverage to 4 years on a variety of timescales ranging from days, to weeks, to months. The proposed campaign will allow us to test the two competing hypothesis for the origin of the warm disk: (1) single collison event leading to the breakup of a large Kuiper Belt object in the system or (2) continual raining of small comets scattered towards the inner system.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of the insertion of sludge produced in ETA, having both polyaluminum chloride as aluminum sulfate as a coagulant, clay, allowing to obtain an alternative to conventional ceramic material options. Compositions with different percentages of silt by the method of pressing shaping and burned at 900 ° C, 1100 ° C and 1200 ° C were prepared. The specimens were tested for water absorption and flexural stress. Were characterized by the techniques of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results reveal that the nature of the sludge positively affects the quality of the ceramics prepared. (author)

We have studied the production of phi mesons in J/psi decays with the Mark III detector at the SPEAR e+e - storage ring. General features of inclusive phi production are discussed as well as the observation of several exclusive channels containing phi's. From a sample of 2.7 million J/psi's, we have measured the branching ratio of J/psi → phi eta to be (6.8 +- 0.6 +- 0.9) x 10 -4 and that of J/psi → phi eta' to be (3.7 +- 0.6 +- 0.6) x 10 -4 . We also present the first observation of the sequential decay J/psi → γ eta c, eta c → phi phi, and we have measured the product branching ratio to be (1.02 +- 0.25 +- 0.14) x 10 -4 . The angular distributions of the final state particles in this decay mode give the first experimental determination that the spin and parity of the eta c are 0 - . 50 references, 47 figures

DNA polymerase eta (Pol eta) is the product of the Polh gene, which is responsible for the group variant of xeroderma pigmentosum, a rare inherited recessive disease which is characterized by susceptibility to sunlight-induced skin cancer. We recently reported in a study of Polh mutant mice that Pol eta is involved in the somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes, but the cancer predisposition of Polh-/- mice has not been examined until very recently. Another translesion synthesis polymerase, Pol iota, a Pol eta paralog encoded by the Poli gene, is naturally deficient in the 129 mouse strain, and the function of Pol iota is enigmatic. Here, we generated Polh Poli double-deficient mice and compared the tumor susceptibility of them with Polh- or Poli-deficient animals under the same genetic background. While Pol iota deficiency does not influence the UV sensitivity of mouse fibroblasts irrespective of Polh genotype, Polh Poli double-deficient mice show slightly earlier onset of skin tumor formation. Intriguingly, histological diagnosis after chronic treatment with UV light reveals that Pol iota deficiency leads to the formation of mesenchymal tumors, such as sarcomas, that are not observed in Polh(-/-) mice. These results suggest the involvement of the Pol eta and Pol iota proteins in UV-induced skin carcinogenesis.

The authors present measurements of time-dependent CP-violation asymmetries for the decays B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}'K{sup 0}. The data sample corresponds to 347 million B{bar B} pairs produced by e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation at the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance in the PEP-II collider, and collected with the BABAR detector. The preliminary results are S = 0.55 {+-} 0.11 {+-} 0.02, and C = -0.015 {+-} 0.07 {+-} 0.03, where the first error quoted is statistical, the second systematic.

The authors calculate the correction to the two-gluon decay width due to the finite extension of the vertex function. The authors obtain the corrected factor to the zero-range vertex gamma = 1.32, gamma = 1.45, gamma= 1.26 for eta sub c , chi sub c sub 0 , and chi sub c sub 2 , respectively. With the decay width GAMMA(eta sub c->2 g) the authors extract the value alpha sub s (m sub c) 0.28 +- 0.05 which agrees with that calculated from the same correction to the process GAMMA(J/psi -> 3 g). This correction to the process GAMMA(eta sub c -> 2 g) is not as large as that to the process GAMMA(J/psi -> 3 g)

The perturbed angular correlation (PAC) spectrum, G{sub 2}(t), is broadened by the presence of randomly distributed defects in crystals due to a distribution of electric field gradients (EFGs) experienced by probe nuclei. Heuristic approaches to fitting spectra that exhibit such inhomogeneous broadening (ihb) consider only the distribution of EFG magnitudes V{sub zz}, but the physical effect actually depends on the joint probability distribution function (pdf) of V{sub zz} and EFG asymmetry parameter {eta}. The difficulty in determining the joint pdf leads us to more appropriate representations of the EFG coordinates, and to express the joint pdf as the product of two approximately independent pdfs describing each coordinate separately. We have pursued this case in detail using as an initial illustration of the method a simple point defect model with nuclear spin I = 5/2 in several cubic lattices, where G{sub 2}(t) is primarily induced by a defect trapped in the first neighbor shell of a probe and broadening is due to defects distributed at random outside the first neighbor shell. Effects such as lattice relaxation are ignored in this simple test of the method. The simplicity of our model is suitable for gaining insight into ihb with more than V{sub zz} alone. We simulate ihb in this simple case by averaging the net EFGs of 20,000 random defect arrangements, resulting in a broadened average G{sub 2}(t). The 20,000 random cases provide a distribution of EFG components which are first transformed to Czjzek coordinates and then further into the full Czjzek half plane by conformal mapping. The topology of this transformed space yields an approximately separable joint pdf for the EFG components. We then fit the nearly independent pdfs and reconstruct G{sub 2}(t) as a function of defect concentration. We report results for distributions of defects on simple cubic, face-centered cubic, and body-centered cubic lattices. The method explored here for analyzing ihb is

Aims: Eta Car's ultra-violet, optical, and X-ray light curves and its spectrum suggest a physical change in its stellar wind over the last decade. It has been proposed that the mass-loss rate has decreased by a factor of about 2 over the last 15 years. We complement these recent results by investigating the past evolution and the current state of η Car in the near-infrared (IR). Methods: We present JHKL photometry of η Car obtained at SAAO Sutherland from 2004-2013 with the Mk II photometer at the 0.75 m telescope and JHKs photometry with SIRIUS at the 1.4 m IRSF telescope from 2012-2013. The near-IR light curves since 1972 are analyzed. Results: The long-term brightening trends in η Car's JHKL light curves were discontinuous around the 1998 periastron passage. After 1998, the star shows excess emission above the extrapolated trend from earlier dates, especially in J and H, and the blueward, cyclical progression in its near-IR colors is accelerated. The near-IR color evolution is strongly correlated with the periastron passages. After correcting for the secular trend we find that the color evolution matches an apparent increase in blackbody temperature of an optically thick near-IR emitting plasma component from about 3500 K to 6000 K over the last 20 years. Conclusions: We suggest that the changing near-IR emission may be caused by variability in optically thick bremsstrahlung emission. Periastron passages play an important role in the observed excess near-IR emission after 1998 and the long-term color evolution. We thus propose the hypothesis that angular momentum transfer (via tidal acceleration) during periastron passages leads to sudden changes in η Car's atmosphere resulting in a long-term decrease in the mass-loss rate. Tables 1 and 2 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/564/A14

1. Specific binding sites for synthetic endothelin (ET) isoforms were studied on intact cells of the SK-N-MC cell line, derived from a human neuroblastoma. 2. [125I]-ET-1 (2.5 x 10(-11) M) specifically bound to a single class of binding sites on these cells (Hill coefficient of 1.06 +/- 0.04, n = 3) with an apparent Kd of 1.4 +/- 0.3 x 10(-9) M and a Bmax of 3.1 +/- 1.0 pmol mg-1 protein. [125I]-ET-3 (2.5 x 10(-11) M), did not specifically bind to SK-N-MC cells. 3. The binding of [125I]-ET-1 was competitively inhibited by other ET isoforms, the order of potency being ET-1 greater than sarafotoxin S6b greater than ET-3. 4. Association of 1 nM [125I]-ET-1 at 37 degrees C reached apparent equilibrium at 60-80 min, with half-maximal binding being achieved at 12 min. 5. Dissociation was measured after both 10 min and 60 min of association with 64% and 30% respectively of specifically bound [125I]-ET-1 dissociating. The actual amounts of [125I]-ET-1 dissociated were similar in both cases. 6. Incubation of [125I]-ET-3 with SK-N-MC cells at 37 degrees C for 60 min did not result in significant degradation of this peptide. However, [125I]-ET-1 was broken down by incubation with SK-N-MC cells, the pattern of degradation of dissociable [125I]-ET-1 (and that found in the supernatant) being different from that of non-dissociable [125I]-ET-1. 7. ET-1 concentration-dependently induced an increase in total inositol phosphate accumulation in subconfluent (but not in confluent) cultures of SK-N-MC cells (EC50 = 6.43 +/- 1.9 x 1010M). ET-3 was without effect. 8. These results show that ET-1 specifically binds to SK-N-MC cells with the characteristics of an ETA receptor. Our earlier finding that adrenal chromaffin cells express an ETB receptor indicates the existence of multiple ET receptor types on neuronal cells.

We have constructed a 140-GHz free-electron laser to generate high-average-power microwaves for heating the MTX tokamak plasma. A 5.5-m steady-state wiggler (intense Microwave Prototype-IMP) has been installed at the end of the upgraded 60-cell ETA-II accelerator, and is configured as an FEL amplifier for the output of a 140-GHz long-pulse gyrotron. Improvements in the ETA-II accelerator include a multicable-feed power distribution network, better magnetic alignment using a stretched-wire alignment technique (SWAT). and a computerized tuning algorithm that directly minimizes the transverse sweep (corkscrew motion) of the electron beam. The upgrades were first tested on the 20-cell, 3-MeV front end of ETA-II and resulted in greatly improved energy flatness and reduced corkscrew motion. The upgrades were then incorporated into the full 60-cell configuration of ETA-II, along with modifications to allow operation in 50-pulse bursts at pulse repetition frequencies up to 5 kHz. The pulse power modifications were developed and tested on the High Average Power Test Stand (HAPTS), and have significantly reduced the voltage and timing jitter of the MAG 1D magnetic pulse compressors. The 2-3 kA. 6-7 MeV beam from ETA-II is transported to the IMP wiggler, which has been reconfigured as a laced wiggler, with both permanent magnets and electromagnets, for high magnetic field operation. Tapering of the wiggler magnetic field is completely computer controlled and can be optimized based on the output power. The microwaves from the FEL are transmitted to the MTX tokamak by a windowless quasi-optical microwave transmission system. Experiments at MTX are focused on studies of electron-cyclotron-resonance heating (ECRH) of the plasma. We summarize here the accelerator and pulse power modifications, and describe the status of ETA-II, IMP, and MTX operations

The authors have constructed a 140-GHz free-electron laser to generate high-average-power microwaves for heating the MTX tokamak plasma. A 5.5-m steady-state wiggler (Intense Microwave, Prototype-IMP) has been installed at the end of the upgraded 60-cell ETA-II accelerator, and is configured as an FEL amplifier for the output of a 140-GHz long-pulse gyrotron. Improvements in the ETA-II accelerator include a multicable-feed power distribution network, better magnetic alignment using a stretched-wire alignment technique (SWAT), and a computerized tuning algorithm that directly minimizes the transverse sweep (corkscrew motion) of the electron beam. The upgrades were first tested on the 20-cell, 3-MeV front end of ETA-II and resulted in greatly improved energy flatness and reduced corkscrew motion. The upgrades were then incorporated into the full 60-cell configuration of ETA-II, along with modifications to allow operation in 50-pulse bursts at pulse repetition frequencies up to 5 kHz. The pulse power modifications were developed and tested on the High Average Power Test Stand (HAPTS), and have significantly reduced the voltage and timing jitter of the MAG 1D magnetic pulse compressors. The 2-3 kA, 6-7 MeV beam from ETA-II is transported to the IMP wiggler, which has been reconfigured as a laced wiggler, with both permanent magnets and electromagnets, for high magnetic field operation. Tapering of the wiggler magnetic field is completely computer controlled and can be optimized based on the output power. The microwaves from the FEL are transmitted to the MTX tokamak by a windowless quasi-optical microwave transmission system. Experiments at MTX are focused on studies of electron-cyclotron-resonance heating (ECRH) of the plasma. The authors summarize here the accelerator and pulse power modifications, and describe the status of ETA-II, IMP, and MTX operations

Sequences from the upstream and downstream flanking DNA regions of the Psi eta-globin locus in Pan troglodytes (common chimpanzee), Gorilla gorilla (gorilla), and Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan, the closest living relative to Homo, Pan, and Gorilla) provided further data for evaluating the phylogenetic relations of humans and African apes. These newly sequenced orthologs (an additional 4.9 kilobase pairs (kbp) for each species) were combined with published Psi eta-gene sequences and then compared to the same orthologous stretch (a continuous 7.1-kbp region) available for humans. Phylogenetic analysis of these nucleotide sequences by the parsimony method indicated (i) that human and chimpanzee are more closely related to each other than either is to gorilla and (ii) that the slowdown in the rate of sequence evolution evident in higher primates is especially pronounced in humans. These results indicate that features unique to African apes (but not to humans) are primitive and that even local molecular clocks should be applied with caution.

ZnO/CdSe/CuSCN extremely thin absorber (eta)-solar cells based on ZnO nano-wires have been successfully realized using easily accessible electrochemical and solution deposition techniques. An n-type ZnO film consisting of free-standing single crystal nano-wires several microns high and 100-200 nm in diameter was-deposited on a conducting glass (SnO{sub 2}:F) substrate covered by a thin spray pyrolysis ZnO electronic blocking layer. A 30-40-nm-thin layer of CdSe absorber was electrodeposited, coating the ZnO nano-wires. The voids between the ZnO/CdSe nano-wires were filled with p-type CuSCN; the entire assembly formed a p-i-n junction. The ZnO/CdSe nano-wire layer exhibited a high light-trapping effect, with an effective absorbance of {approx}89% and effective reflectance of {approx}8% in the 400-800 nm region of the solar spectrum (AM1.5). The effects of an annealing process on the CdSe grain size and on the energy conversion efficiency of the eta-solar cell have been analyzed. The obtained efficiencies, for cells with annealed CdSe (1.5-2.3%) show that the ZnO/CdSe/CuSCN nano-heterostructure is an interesting option for developing new solar cell devices. (authors)

ZnO/CdSe/CuSCN extremely thin absorber (eta)-solar cells based on ZnO nano-wires have been successfully realized using easily accessible electrochemical and solution deposition techniques. An n-type ZnO film consisting of free-standing single crystal nano-wires several microns high and 100-200 nm in diameter was-deposited on a conducting glass (SnO 2 :F) substrate covered by a thin spray pyrolysis ZnO electronic blocking layer. A 30-40-nm-thin layer of CdSe absorber was electrodeposited, coating the ZnO nano-wires. The voids between the ZnO/CdSe nano-wires were filled with p-type CuSCN; the entire assembly formed a p-i-n junction. The ZnO/CdSe nano-wire layer exhibited a high light-trapping effect, with an effective absorbance of ∼89% and effective reflectance of ∼8% in the 400-800 nm region of the solar spectrum (AM1.5). The effects of an annealing process on the CdSe grain size and on the energy conversion efficiency of the eta-solar cell have been analyzed. The obtained efficiencies, for cells with annealed CdSe (1.5-2.3%) show that the ZnO/CdSe/CuSCN nano-heterostructure is an interesting option for developing new solar cell devices. (authors)

Broad area lasers that are tailored to be most efficient at the highest achievable optical output power are sought by industry to decrease operation costs and improve system performance. Devices using Extreme-Double-ASymmetric (EDAS) epitaxial designs are promising candidates for improved efficiency at high optical output powers due to low series resistance, low optical loss and low carrier leakage. However, EDAS designs leverage ultra-thin p-side waveguides, meaning that the optical mode is shifted into the n-side waveguide, resulting in a low optical confinement in the active region, low gain and hence high threshold current, limiting peak performance. We introduce here explicit design considerations that enable EDAS-based devices to be developed with increased optical confinement in the active layer without changing the p-side layer thicknesses. Specifically, this is realized by introducing a third asymmetric component in the vicinity of the quantum well. We call this approach Extreme-Triple-ASymmetric (ETAS) design. A series of ETAS-based vertical designs were fabricated into broad area lasers that deliver up to 63% power conversion efficiency at 14 W CW optical output power from a 100 μm stripe laser, which corresponds to the operation point of a kW optical output power in a laser bar. The design process, the impact of structural changes on power saturation mechanisms and finally devices with improved performance will be presented.

Several C-H activation reactions with (Cp*2YH)2 (1) are reported. Thermolysis of 1 in n-octane, cyclohexane, or benzene leads to formation of the thermodynamically favored product Cp*2Y(mu-H)(mu-eta1,eta'-CH2C5Me4)YCp*(2). The molecular structure of 2 was determined by X-ray diffraction. The

1. In the present study, we have pharmacologically characterized two novel mixed endothelin ETA/ETB receptor antagonists, namely BQ-928 and BQ-238, in ETA and ETB preparations, the rabbit carotid artery (RbCA) and the rabbit pulmonary artery (RbPA), respectively. These two antagonists were compared to established ETA (BQ-123 and BMS 182874), ETB (BQ-788) and mixed ETA/ETB (SB 209670) receptor antagonists. 2. In the RbCA, the ETA monoreceptor preparation, BQ-238 and BQ-928 had apparent affinities (pA2) of 7.42 +/- 0.22 and 7.22 +/- 0.18, respectively, BQ-788 being inactive in this preparation. In the ETB monoreceptor preparation, the RbPA (when IRL-1620 was used as an ETB receptor agonist), the pA2 for BQ-238 was 7.05 +/- 0.14 and for BQ-928 was 8.43 +/- 0.04. BQ-123 and BMS 182874 were inactive in this preparation. Similar to SB 209670, BQ-238 but not BQ-928 had a higher affinity for the ETA than the ETB receptor. 3. All of the antagonists were tested for their ability to block and reverse endothelin-l-induced vasoconstrictions in the rabbit perfused kidney. In this preparation endothelin-1-induced increases in vascular resistance have been shown to be mediated solely by ETA receptors. All compounds (except BQ-788) blocked the pressor effects of endothelin within the kidney; the calculated IC50 values for BQ-123, BMS 182874, SB 209670, BQ-928 and BQ-238 were 0.4 microM, 2 microM, 0.01 microM, 0.4 microM and 0.09 microM, respectively. 4. In all experiments in the rabbit perfused kidney, endothelin-1 was readministered for a third time, 60 min following cessation of infusion of the above-mentioned antagonists. The response to the third infusion of endothelin-1 following cessation of infusion of BQ-123, BMS 182874 and SB 209670 was not significantly different from that to the third infusion of endothelin in control conditions. However, the response to endothelin-1 was significantly higher than control in tissues pre-infused with BQ-788 or BQ-928 (56 +/- 9 and 41

The metallocene precursors needed to provide the tetramethylcyclopentadienyl yttrium complexes (C(5)Me(4)H)(3)Y, [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y(THF)](2)(mu-eta(2):eta(2)-N(2)), and [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y(mu-H)](2) for reactivity studies have been synthesized and fully characterized, and their reaction chemistry has led to an unexpected conversion of an azide to an amide. (C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y(mu-Cl)(2)K(THF)(x), 1, synthesized from YCl(3) and KC(5)Me(4)H reacts with allylmagnesium chloride to make (C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y(eta(3)-C(3)H(5)), 2, which is converted to [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y][(mu-Ph)(2)BPh(2)], 3, with [Et(3)NH][BPh(4)]. Complex 3 reacts with KC(5)Me(4)H to form (C(5)Me(4)H)(3)Y, 4. The reduced dinitrogen complex, [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y(THF)](2)(mu-eta(2):eta(2)-N(2)), 5, can be synthesized from either [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y](2)[(mu-Ph)(2)BPh(2)], 3, or (C(5)Me(4)H)(3)Y, 4, with potassium graphite under a dinitrogen atmosphere. The (15)N labeled analogue, [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y(THF)](2)(mu-eta(2):eta(2)-(15)N(2)), 5-(15)N, has also been prepared, and the (15)N NMR data have been compared to previously characterized reduced dinitrogen complexes. Complex 2 reacts with H(2) to form the corresponding hydride, [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y(mu-H)](2), 6. Complex 5 displays similar reactivity to that of the analogous [(C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Ln(THF)](2)(mu-eta(2):eta(2)-N(2)) complexes (Ln = La, Lu), with substrates such as phenazine, anthracene, and CO(2). In addition, 5 reduces Me(3)SiN(3) to form (C(5)Me(4)H)(2)Y[N(SiMe(3))(2)], 7.

The crystal and molecular structures of [U(cp)Cl 3 (PPh 3 O) 2 ].thf (thf = tetrahydrofuran) (1) and [U(cp)Cl 3 (P(NMe 2 ) 3 O) 2 ] (cp = eta 5 -cyclopentadienyl) (2) have been determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data. The results are presented. In both compounds the uranium atom is octahedrally co-ordinated with the two neutral ligands [PPh 3 O and P(NMe 2 ) 3 O] in cis positions; the chlorine atoms are in the mer arrangement and the cyclopentadienyl group is trans to one neutral ligand. The appearance of cis octahedral geometry in complexes of the type [U(cp)Cl 3 L 2 ] is discussed in terms of the operation of a possible trans effect. (author)

The authors present a preliminary measurement of CP-violating parameters S and C from fits of the time-dependence of B{sup 0} meson decays to {eta}'K{sub L}{sup 0}. The data were recorded with the BABAR detector at PEP-II and correspond to 232 x 10{sup 6} B{bar B} pairs produced in e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation through the {Upsilon}(4S) resonance. By fitting the time-dependent CP asymmetry of the reconstructed B{sup 0} {yields} {eta}'K{sub L}{sup 0} events, they find S = 0.60 {+-} 0.31 {+-} 0.04 and C = 0.10 {+-} 0.21 {+-} 0.03, where the first error quoted is statistical and the second is systematic. They also perform a combined fit using both {eta}'K{sub S}{sup 0} and {eta}'K{sub L}{sup 0} data, and find S = 0.36 {+-} 0.13 {+-} 0.03 and C = -0.16 {+-} 0.09 {+-} 0.02.

Background: Data suggest symptoms of hypothyroidism persist in 5–10% of levothyroxine (L-T4)-treated hypothyroid patients with normal serum thyrotrophin (TSH). The use of L-T4 + liothyronine (L-T3) combination therapy in such patients is controversial. The ETA nominated a task force to review....... There is insufficient evidence that L-T4 + L-T3 combination therapy is better than L-T4 monotherapy, and it is recommended that L-T4 monotherapy remains the standard treatment of hypothyroidism. L-T4 + L-T3 combination therapy might be considered as an experimental approach in compliant L-T4-treated hypothyroid...

Full Text Available Based on the ETAS (epidemic-type aftershock sequence model, which is used for describing the features of short-term clustering of earthquake occurrence, this paper presents some theories and techniques related to evaluating the probability distribution of the maximum magnitude in a given space-time window, where the Gutenberg-Richter law for earthquake magnitude distribution cannot be directly applied. It is seen that the distribution of the maximum magnitude in a given space-time volume is determined in the longterm by the background seismicity rate and the magnitude distribution of the largest events in each earthquake cluster. The techniques introduced were applied to the seismicity in the Japan region in the period from 1926 to 2009. It was found that the regions most likely to have big earthquakes are along the Tohoku (northeastern Japan Arc and the Kuril Arc, both with much higher probabilities than the offshore Nankai and Tokai regions.

The periodic spectroscopic events in Eta Carinae are now well established and occur near the periastron passage of two massive stars in a very eccentric orbit. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the variations of different spectral features, such as an eclipse by the wind-wind collision boundary, a shell ejection from the primary star or accretion of its wind onto the secondary. All of them have problems explaining all the observed phenomena. To better understand the nature of the cyclic events we performed a dense monitoring of Eta Carinae with 5 Southern telescopes during the 2009 low excitation event, resulting in a set of data of unprecedented quality and sampling. The intrinsic luminosity of the He II lambda-4686 emission line (L approx 310 solar L) just before periastron reveals the presence of a very luminous transient source of extreme UV radiation emitted in the wind-wind collision (WWC) region. Clumps in the primary's wind probably explain the flare-like behavior of both the X-ray and He II lambda-4686 light-curves. After a short-lived minimum, He II lambda-4686 emission rises again to a new maximum, when X-rays are still absent or very weak. We interpret this as a collapse of the WWC onto the "surface" of the secondary star, switching off the hard X-ray source and diminishing the WWC shock cone. The recovery from this state is controlled by the momentum balance between the secondary's wind and the clumps in the primary's wind.

The periodic spectroscopic events in {eta} Carinae are now well established and occur near the periastron passage of two massive stars in a very eccentric orbit. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the variations of different spectral features, such as an eclipse by the wind-wind collision (WWC) boundary, a shell ejection from the primary star or accretion of its wind onto the secondary. All of them have problems explaining all the observed phenomena. To better understand the nature of the cyclic events, we performed a dense monitoring of {eta} Carinae with five Southern telescopes during the 2009 low-excitation event, resulting in a set of data of unprecedented quality and sampling. The intrinsic luminosity of the He II {lambda}4686 emission line (L {approx} 310 L{sub Sun }) just before periastron reveals the presence of a very luminous transient source of extreme UV radiation emitted in the WWC region. Clumps in the primary's wind probably explain the flare-like behavior of both the X-ray and He II {lambda}4686 light curves. After a short-lived minimum, He II {lambda}4686 emission rises again to a new maximum, when X-rays are still absent or very weak. We interpret this as a collapse of the WWC onto the 'surface' of the secondary star, switching off the hard X-ray source and diminishing the WWC shock cone. The recovery from this state is controlled by the momentum balance between the secondary's wind and the clumps in the primary's wind.

The work presented in this thesis relies on the analysis of data collected between october 1999 and July 2002 by the BaBar experiment at the PEP-II collider located at SLAC (Stanford, California). Electron-positron collisions at a center of mass energy equal to the {upsilon}(4S) resonance mass are used for the production of B meson pairs. In July 2001, the BaBar collaboration published the first measurement of CP violation in the neutral B mesons system. Since then, the precision of the measurement has been continually being improved with the increasing data sample. Two devices are dedicated to the reconstruction of charged particles: the Silicon Vertex Tracker and the Drift Chamber. The Silicon Vertex Tracker is crucial for the reconstruction of the B meson decay vertex. Its motion with regard to the Drift Chamber needs a rolling calibration of the corresponding alignment parameters roughly every two hours. The relation between the Drift Chamber geometry and the alignment has been studied. Beside CP violation, Heavy Flavour Physics is an other important issue of BaBar research program. Rare decays are of particular interest as they are sensible to a new physics beyond the Standard Model. The production of high energy {eta}' in B decays has been studied through the two main contributions, B{yields} {eta}' X{sub s} coming from the rare decay b {yields} sg*, and B-bar{sup 0} {yields} {eta}'D{sup 0} coming from the internal tree color suppressed decay b {yields} cud. The improvement of the measurement of the process B {yields} {eta}'X-s and the first. observation of the decay B-bar{sup 0} {yields} {eta}'D{sup 0} have led to the conclusion that the {eta}' production is dominated by the decay b {yields} sg* and enables to constrain its quark content. (author)

Reduction of CpMoCl(4) with 3.1 equiv of Na/Hg amalgam (1.0% w/w) in the presence of 1 equiv of dmpe and 1 equiv of trimethylphosphine afforded the molybdenum(II) chloride complex Cp(dmpe)(PMe(3))MoCl (1) (Cp = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane). Alkylation of 1 with PhCH(2)MgCl proceeded in high yield to liberate PMe(3) and give the 18-electron pi-benzyl complex Cp(dmpe)Mo(eta(3)-CH(2)Ph) (2). Variable temperature NMR experiments provided evidence that 2 is in equilibrium with its 16-electron eta(1)-benzyl isomer [Cp(dmpe)Mo(eta(1)-CH(2)Ph)]. This was further supported by reaction of 2 with CO to yield the carbonyl benzyl complex Cp(dmpe)(CO)Mo(eta(1)-CH(2)Ph) (3). Complex 2 was found to react with disubstituted silanes H(2)SiRR' (RR' = Me(2), Et(2), MePh, and Ph(2)) to form toluene and the silylene complexes Cp(dmpe)Mo(H)(SiRR') (4a: RR' = Me(2); 4b: RR' = Et(2); 4c: RR' = MePh; 4d: RR' = Ph(2)). Reactions of 2 with monosubstituted silanes H(3)SiR (R = Ph, Mes, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) produced rare examples of hydrosilylene complexes Cp(dmpe)Mo(H)Si(H)R (5a: R = Ph; 5b: R = Mes; 5c: R = CH(2)Ph). Reactivity of complexes 4a-c and 5a-d is dominated by 1,2-hydride migration from metal to silicon, and these complexes possess H.Si bonding interactions, as supported by spectroscopic and structural data. For example, the J(HSi) coupling constants in these species range in value from 30 to 48 Hz and are larger than would be expected in the absence of H.Si bonding. A neutron diffraction study on a single crystal of diethylsilylene complex 4b unequivocally determined the hydride ligand to be in a bridging position across the molybdenum-silicon bond (Mo-H 1.85(1) A, Si-H 1.68(1) A). The synthesis and reactivity properties of these complexes are described in detail.

Treatment of the metalloligand [{Ti(eta(5)-C(5)Me(5))(micro-NH)}(3)(micro(3)-N)] with silver(i) trifluoromethanesulfonate in different molar ratios gives the ionic compounds [Ag{(micro(3)-NH)(3)Ti(3)(eta(5)-C(5)Me(5))(3)(micro(3)-N)}(2)][O(3)SCF(3)] and [Ag{(micro(3)-NH)(3)Ti(3)(eta(5)-C(5)Me(5))(3)(micro(3)-N)}][O(3)SCF(3)] or the triangular silver cluster [(CF(3)SO(2)O)(3)Ag(3){(micro(3)-NH)(3)Ti(3)(eta(5)-C(5)Me(5))(3)(micro(3)-N)}(2)] in which each face is capped by a metalloligand.

New cross sections for the reaction $ep \\to e'\\eta p$ are reported for total center of mass energy $W$=1.5--2.3 GeV and invariant squared momentum transfer $Q^2$=0.13--3.3 GeV$^2$. This large kinematic range allows extraction of new information about response functions, photocouplings, and $\\eta N$ coupling strengths of baryon resonances. A sharp structure is seen at $W\\sim$ 1.7 GeV. The shape of the differential cross section is indicative of the presence of a $P$-wave resonance that persists to high $Q^2$. Improved values are derived for the photon coupling amplitude for the $S_{11}$(1535) resonance. The new data greatly expands the $Q^2$ range covered and an interpretation of all data with a consistent parameterization is provided.

The paper analyzes the conditions of safe use of industrial gas systems and factors influencing gas hazards. Typical gas installation and its basic features have been characterized. The results of gas threat analysis in an industrial enterprise using FTA error tree method and ETA event tree method are presented. Compares selected methods of identifying hazards gas industry with respect to the scope of their use. The paper presents an analysis of two exemplary hazards: an industrial gas catastrophe (FTA) and an explosive gas explosion (ETA). In both cases, technical risks and human errors (human factor) were taken into account. The cause-effect relationships of hazards and their causes are presented in the form of diagrams in the drawings.

Full Text Available Immediately after becoming interested in animal magnetism, and undoubtedly as a result of this interest, E.T.A. Hoffmann used automata as the central characters in some of his most notable works. This paper aims to show how this interest reveals the author’s critical attitude towards a conception of the human being which, developing in parallel to anatomy-based medicine, had led in the eighteenth century to a doctrine whose most complete expression is to be found in L'homme machine, by J. O. De La Mettrie. Nowadays we can see these tales, like those dedicated to animal magnetism, as a cry of alarm against one of the consequences of such a mechanical conception of a human being: the growth of «biopower», or of «biopolitics», terms coined by Foucault in his last works; but also against the risks entailed by the Promethean drive of modernity.

Interpolation point augmentation method has expanded the delay expansion method by dealing with not only each property of space but dealing with the property of broad weak topology and has provided the solution of multiblock continuous time L1. If the expansion block is formed to have unstable zero time it may not be limited by the delay of dispersion time like in delay expansion method because convergence is achieved from the property of weak topology partial space. Further, from the property of weak topology, it was possible to get optimum solution when applied to {Eta}{sub {infinity}} control problem. As for the application of interpolation point augmentation method, there are some problems regarding the convergence that are still to be solved. One of this problem is that the meaning of formation of expansion block is not clear and its relation with the existing theory is not sufficiently solved. Another problem is that the quasi-optimization when expansion is stopped on the way is not assured because the weak convergence is weaker than the norm convergence. In this report, all these points are discussed. 9 refs., 1 tab.

We, the ongoing Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities, present a spatiotemporal clustering model for the Third Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF3), with the goal being to represent aftershocks, induced seismicity, and otherwise triggered events as a potential basis for operational earthquake forecasting (OEF). Specifically, we add an epidemic‐type aftershock sequence (ETAS) component to the previously published time‐independent and long‐term time‐dependent forecasts. This combined model, referred to as UCERF3‐ETAS, collectively represents a relaxation of segmentation assumptions, the inclusion of multifault ruptures, an elastic‐rebound model for fault‐based ruptures, and a state‐of‐the‐art spatiotemporal clustering component. It also represents an attempt to merge fault‐based forecasts with statistical seismology models, such that information on fault proximity, activity rate, and time since last event are considered in OEF. We describe several unanticipated challenges that were encountered, including a need for elastic rebound and characteristic magnitude–frequency distributions (MFDs) on faults, both of which are required to get realistic triggering behavior. UCERF3‐ETAS produces synthetic catalogs of M≥2.5 events, conditioned on any prior M≥2.5 events that are input to the model. We evaluate results with respect to both long‐term (1000 year) simulations as well as for 10‐year time periods following a variety of hypothetical scenario mainshocks. Although the results are very plausible, they are not always consistent with the simple notion that triggering probabilities should be greater if a mainshock is located near a fault. Important factors include whether the MFD near faults includes a significant characteristic earthquake component, as well as whether large triggered events can nucleate from within the rupture zone of the mainshock. Because UCERF3‐ETAS has many sources of uncertainty, as

The objective of this work is to assess changes in three metropolitan regions of Southeast Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santos) based on the projections produced by the Eta Regional Climate Model (RCM) at very high spatial resolution, 5 km. The region, which is densely populated and extremely active economically, is frequently affected by intense rainfall events that trigger floods and landslides during the austral summer. The analyses are carried out for the period between 1961 and 2100. The 5-km simulations are results from a second downscaling nesting in the HadGEM2-ES RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 simulations. Prior to the assessment of the projections, the higher resolution simulations were evaluated for the historical period (1961-1990). The comparison between the 5-km and the coarser driver model simulations shows that the spatial patterns of precipitation and temperature of the 5-km Eta simulations are in good agreement with the observations. The simulated frequency distribution of the precipitation and temperature extremes from the 5-km Eta RCM is consistent with the observed structure and extreme values. Projections of future climate change using the 5-km Eta runs show stronger warming in the region, primarily during the summer season, while precipitation is strongly reduced. Projected temperature extremes show widespread heating with maximum temperatures increasing by approximately 9 °C in the three metropolitan regions by the end of the century in the RCP8.5 scenario. A trend of drier climate is also projected using indices based on daily precipitation, which reaches annual rainfall reductions of more than 50 % in the state of Rio de Janeiro and between 40 and 45 % in São Paulo and Santos. The magnitude of these changes has negative implications to the population health conditions, energy security, and economy.

We have determined the affinity and selectivity of a new nonpeptide antagonist PD156707 (sodium 2-benzo(1,3ioxol-5-yl-4-(4-methoxy-pheny l)-4-oxo-3-(3,4,5-trime tho xybenzyl)-but-2-enoate) for human endothelin (ET)(A) and ET(B) receptors. In human coronary artery and saphenous vein the affinity of the ET(A) receptor for PD156707 was 0.15 +/- 0.06 nM and 0.5 +/- 0.13 nM, respectively. Competition experiments in human left ventricle and kidney revealed that PD156707 had 1,000- to 15,000-fold selectivity for the ET(A) receptor over the ET(B) receptor. This selectivity was confirmed autoradiographically. In human coronary artery, mammary artery and saphenous vein PD156707 (3-300 nM) potently antagonized the vasoconstrictor responses to ET-1. The pA2 values estimated from the Gaddum-Schild equation were 8.07 +/- 0.09, 8.45 +/- 0.11 and 8.70 +/- 0.13, respectively. The concentration-response curves to ET-1 were shifted to the right in parallel fashion, without reduction of the maximum response. However, the regression lines fitted to the resulting Schild data deviated significantly from one. PD156707 appeared to be a more effective antagonist at lower concentrations than at the higher ones. It is possible that PD156707, a sodium salt, was reverting to a less soluble form which results in underestimation of its potency. These data show that PD156707 is a potent and selective antagonist at human ET(A) receptors and will be useful in clarifying the role of the endothelin peptides in human cardiovascular disease.

The objective of this work is to assess changes in three metropolitan regions of Southeast Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santos) based on the projections produced by the Eta Regional Climate Model (RCM) at very high spatial resolution, 5 km. The region, which is densely populated and extremely active economically, is frequently affected by intense rainfall events that trigger floods and landslides during the austral summer. The analyses are carried out for the period between 1961 and 2100. The 5-km simulations are results from a second downscaling nesting in the HadGEM2-ES RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 simulations. Prior to the assessment of the projections, the higher resolution simulations were evaluated for the historical period (1961-1990). The comparison between the 5-km and the coarser driver model simulations shows that the spatial patterns of precipitation and temperature of the 5-km Eta simulations are in good agreement with the observations. The simulated frequency distribution of the precipitation and temperature extremes from the 5-km Eta RCM is consistent with the observed structure and extreme values. Projections of future climate change using the 5-km Eta runs show stronger warming in the region, primarily during the summer season, while precipitation is strongly reduced. Projected temperature extremes show widespread heating with maximum temperatures increasing by approximately 9 °C in the three metropolitan regions by the end of the century in the RCP8.5 scenario. A trend of drier climate is also projected using indices based on daily precipitation, which reaches annual rainfall reductions of more than 50 % in the state of Rio de Janeiro and between 40 and 45 % in São Paulo and Santos. The magnitude of these changes has negative implications to the population health conditions, energy security, and economy.

The process e(+)e(-) -> eta' J/psi is observed for the first time with a statistical significance of 8.6 sigma at center-of-mass energy root s = 4.226 GeV and 7.3 sigma at root s = 4.258 GeV using data samples collected with the BESIII detector. The Born cross sections are measured to be (3.7 +/-

The reactions pp -> pf (X0) ps, where X0 is observed decaying to pi0pi0pi0pi0, pi+pi-pi0pi0 and pi+pi-pi+pi-, have been studied at 450 GeV/c. There is evidence for an a2(1320)pi decay mode of the eta2(1645) and eta2(1870) in the pi+pi-pi0pi0 and pi+pi-pi+pi- final states. The f2(1950) is consistent with being a single resonance with a dominant f2(1270)pipi decay mode. The f0(1370) is found to decay dominantly to rho-rho while the f0(1500) is found to decay to rho-rho and sigma-sigma.

Full Text Available Tras producirse el anuncio por parte de ETA del abandono de la lucha armada (20 de octubre 2011, hay que hacer balance de la política antiterrorista de José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, basada en el uso de todas las vías para hacer posible la paz, incluido el diálogo. ¿Fue una estrategia equivocada? ¿Contribuyó a la declaración de ETA? El fracaso del proceso de negociación y el ruido mediático han ocultado las consecuencias positivas que tuvo para impulsar un cambio de estrategia en la izquierda abertzale que potenciara una lucha política ajena a las armas.Palabras Clave:_________________________ After the ETA´s announcement about the end of the armed conflict (20 October 2011, it´s necessary to make an evaluation of the antiterrorist policy in terms of office of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, which was based on use of all the ways to make peace, including dialogue. Was a wrong strategy or contributed to the declaration of ETA? The failure of negociation process and mediatical controversies have concealled that this strategy had positive consequences and impelled a change in the izquierda abertzale to boost a political struggle completely alien to weapons.Keywords:

Genomic instability in Candida albicans is believed to play a crucial role in fungal pathogenesis. DNA polymerases contribute significantly to stability of any genome. Although Candida Genome database predicts presence of S. cerevisiae DNA polymerase orthologs; functional and structural characterizations of Candida DNA polymerases are still unexplored. DNA polymerase eta (Polη) is unique as it promotes efficient bypass of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Interestingly, C. albicans is heterozygous in carrying two Polη genes and the nucleotide substitutions were found only in the ORFs. As allelic differences often result in functional differences of the encoded proteins, comparative analyses of structural models and molecular dynamic simulations were performed to characterize these orthologs of DNA Polη. Overall structures of both the ORFs remain conserved except subtle differences in the palm and PAD domains. The complementation analysis showed that both the ORFs equally suppressed UV sensitivity of yeast rad30 deletion strain. Our study has predicted two novel molecular interactions, a highly conserved molecular tetrad of salt bridges and a series of π-π interactions spanning from thumb to PAD. This study suggests these ORFs as the homologues of yeast Polη, and due to its heterogeneity in C. albicans they may play a significant role in pathogenicity.

Defects in the human XPV/POLH gene result in the variant form of the disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP-V). The gene encodes DNA polymerase eta (Poleta), which catalyzes translesion synthesis (TLS) past UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and other lesions. To further understand the roles of Poleta in multicellular organisms, we analyzed phenotypes caused by suppression of Caenorhabditis elegans POLH (Ce-POLH) by RNA interference (RNAi). F1 and F2 progeny from worms treated by Ce-POLH-specific RNAi grew normally, but F1 eggs laid by worms treated by RNAi against Ce-POLD, which encodes Poldelta did not hatch. These results suggest that Poldelta but not Poleta is essential for C. elegans embryogenesis. Poleta-targeted embryos UV-irradiated after egg laying were only moderately sensitive. In contrast, Poleta-targeted embryos UV-irradiated prior to egg laying exhibited severe sensitivity, indicating that Poleta contributes significantly to damage tolerance in C. elegans in early embryogenesis but only modestly at later stages. As early embryogenesis is characterized by high levels of DNA replication, Poleta may confer UV resistance in C. elegans, perhaps by catalyzing TLS in early embryogenesis.

DNA polymerase eta (POLH), a target of p53 tumor suppressor, plays a key role in translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). Loss of POLH is responsible for human cancer prone syndrome, Xeroderma Pigmentosum Variant (XPV). Due to its critical role in DNA repair and genome stability, POLH expression and activity are regulated by multiple pathways. In this study, we found that the levels of both POLH transcript and protein were decreased upon knockdown of the transcript encoding poly(rC)-binding protein 1 (PCBP1). We also found that the half-life of POLH mRNA was markedly decreased upon knockdown of PCBP1. Moreover, we found that PCBP1 directly bound to POLH 3′UTR and the PCBP1-binding site in POLH mRNA is an atypical AU-rich element. Finally, we showed that the AU-rich element in POLH 3′UTR was responsive to PCBP1 and sufficient for PCBP1 to regulate POLH expression. Altogether, we uncovered a novel mechanism by which POLH expression is controlled by PCBP1 via mRNA stability. PMID:25268038

Polymerase eta (PolH) is necessary for translesion DNA synthesis, and PolH deficiency predisposes xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) patients to cancer. Due to the critical role of PolH in translesion DNA synthesis, the activity of PolH is tightly controlled and subjected to multiple regulations, especially posttranslational modifications. Here, we show that PolH-dependent lesion bypass and intracellular translocation are regulated by Pirh2 E3 ubiquitin ligase through monoubiquitination. Specifically, we show that Pirh2, a target of the p53 tumor suppressor, monoubiquitinates PolH at one of multiple lysine residues. We also show that monoubiquitination of PolH inhibits the ability of PolH to interact with PCNA and to bypass UV-induced lesions, leading to decreased viability of UV-damaged cells. Moreover, we show that monoubiquitination of PolH alters the ability of PolH to translocate to replication foci for translesion DNA synthesis of UV-induced DNA lesions. Considering that Pirh2 is known to be overexpressed in various cancers, we postulate that in addition to mutation of PolH in XPV patients, inactivation of PolH by Pirh2 via monoubiquitination is one of the mechanisms by which PolH function is controlled, which might be responsible for the development and progression of some spontaneous tumors wherein PolH is not found to be mutated. PMID:21791603

Our survey instrument, nicknamed AggieCam, consists of an Apogee Alta F16M camera with a 4096*4096pixel Kodak KAD-16083 CCD that is thermoelectrically cooled down to δT=-45°C relative to ambient. Testing of the CCD showed a dark current of 0.2e-/pix/s at temperatures of -25°C relative to ambient. The optics include a Mamiya photographic 300mm lens with a Hoya UV and IR cut filter to restrict the wavelength range to 0.4-0.7μm. The effective aperture size of the telescope is 53.6mm and the total throughput of the system is near 45%. The pixel scale of the detector is 6.2''/pix, leading to a total field of view (hereafter FOV) of ~50deg2. The telescope was installed at the Estacion Astrofisica de Bosque Alegre (hereafter EABA) as part of an ongoing collaboration with the Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, which owns and operates the site. EABA is a research and outreach observatory located at 31.412°S, 64.489°W at an altitude of 1350m, ~50km from the city of Cordoba, province of Cordoba, Argentina. Nearly all observations were carried out remotely from the Mitchell Institute of Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. Logistical support for the instrument was provided by staff members of the Instituto de Astronomia Teorica y Experimental, Observatorio de Cordoba, and EABA. We targeted three young stellar associations to maximize the science return from our study: IC 2391 (α=8h40m,δ=-53°), the {eta} Chamaeleontis cluster ({eta}Cha,α=8h45m,δ=-79°), and the Upper Scorpius association (USco,α=16h,δ=-24.5°). Any transiting Hot Jupiter (HJ) or pre-main-sequence eclipsing binary (PMB) candidate passing all of the significance tests described in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 was then subject to a series of follow up photometric observations. The 1.54m telescope at EABA provided 300+hr of BVRI photometry to date, with further observations planned. The 0.8m telescope at the McDonald Observatory provided 14hr of BVRI photometry

Upon blockage of chromosomal replication by DNA lesions, Y-family polymerases interact with monoubiquitylated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) to catalyse translesion synthesis (TLS) and restore replication fork progression. Here, we assessed the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana POLH, which encodes a homologue of Y-family polymerase eta (Poleta), PCNA1 and PCNA2 in TLS-mediated UV resistance. A T-DNA insertion in POLH sensitized the growth of roots and whole plants to UV radiation, indicating that AtPoleta contributes to UV resistance. POLH alone did not complement the UV sensitivity conferred by deletion of yeast RAD30, which encodes Poleta, although AtPoleta exhibited cyclobutane dimer bypass activity in vitro, and interacted with yeast PCNA, as well as with Arabidopsis PCNA1 and PCNA2. Co-expression of POLH and PCNA2, but not PCNA1, restored normal UV resistance and mutation kinetics in the rad30 mutant. A single residue difference at site 201, which lies adjacent to the residue (lysine 164) ubiquitylated in PCNA, appeared responsible for the inability of PCNA1 to function with AtPoleta in UV-treated yeast. PCNA-interacting protein boxes and an ubiquitin-binding motif in AtPoleta were found to be required for the restoration of UV resistance in the rad30 mutant by POLH and PCNA2. These observations indicate that AtPoleta can catalyse TLS past UV-induced DNA damage, and links the biological activity of AtPoleta in UV-irradiated cells to PCNA2 and PCNA- and ubiquitin-binding motifs in AtPoleta.

We present an analysis of the visible through near-infrared spectrum of Eta Carinae (η Car) and its ejecta obtained during the 'η Car Campaign with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) at the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT)'. This is a part of larger effort to present a complete η Car spectrum, and extends the previously presented analyses with the Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) in the UV (1240-3159 A) to 10,430 A. The spectrum in the mid- and near-UV is characterized by the ejecta absorption. At longer wavelengths, stellar wind features from the central source and narrow-emission lines from the Weigelt condensations dominate the spectrum. However, narrow absorption lines from the circumstellar shells are present. This paper provides a description of the spectrum between 3060 and 10,430 A, including line identifications of the ejecta absorption spectrum, the emission spectrum from the Weigelt condensations and the P Cygni stellar wind features. The high spectral resolving power of VLT/UVES enables equivalent width measurements of atomic and molecular absorption lines for elements with no transitions at the shorter wavelengths. However, the ground-based seeing and contributions of nebular-scattered radiation prevent direct comparison of measured equivalent widths in the VLT/UVES and HST/STIS spectra. Fortunately, HST/STIS and VLT/UVES have a small overlap in wavelength coverage which allows us to compare and adjust for the difference in scattered radiation entering the instruments' apertures. This paper provides a complete online VLT/UVES spectrum with line identifications and a spectral comparison between HST/STIS and VLT/UVES between 3060 and 3160 A.

We have analyzed Spitzer and NASA/IRTF 2 - 35 micrometer spectra of the warm, 350 K circumstellar dust around the nearby MS star eta Corvi (F2V, 1.4 plus or minus 0.3 Gyr). The spectra show clear evidence for warm, water- and carbon-rich dust at 3 AU from the central star, in the system's Terrestrial Habitability Zone. Spectral features due to ultra-primitive cometary material were found, in addition to features due to impact produced silica and high temperature carbonaceous phases. At least 9 x 10(exp 18) kg of 0.1 - 100 micrometer warm dust is present in a collisional equilibrium distribution with dn/da a(exp -3.5), the equivalent of a 130 km radius KBO of 1.0 grams per cubic centimeter density and similar to recent estimates of the mass delivered to the Earth at 0.6 - 0.8 Gyr during the Late Heavy Bombardment. We conclude that the parent body was a Kuiper-Belt body or bodies which captured a large amount of early primitive material in the first Myrs of the system's lifetime and preserved it in deep freeze at approximately 150 AU. At approximately 1.4 Gyr they were prompted by dynamical stirring of their parent Kuiper Belt into spiraling into the inner system, eventually colliding at 5-10 kilometers per second with a rocky planetary body of mass less than or equal to M(sub Earth at approximately 3 AU, delivering large amounts of water (greater than 0.1 % of M(sub Earth's Oceans)) and carbon-rich material. The Spitzer spectrum also closely matches spectra reported for the Ureilite meteorites of the Sudan Almahata Sitta fall in 2008, suggesting that one of the Ureilite parent bodies was a KBO.

We have analyzed Spitzer and NASA/IRTF 2-35 {mu}m spectra of the warm, {approx}350 K circumstellar dust around the nearby MS star {eta} Corvi (F2V, 1.4 {+-} 0.3 Gyr). The spectra show clear evidence for warm, water- and carbon-rich dust at {approx}3 AU from the central star, in the system's terrestrial habitability zone. Spectral features due to ultra-primitive cometary material were found, in addition to features due to impact produced silica and high-temperature carbonaceous phases. At least 9 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 18} kg of 0.1-100 {mu}m warm dust is present in a collisional equilibrium distribution with dn/da {approx} a{sup -3.5}, the equivalent of a 130 km radius Kuiper Belt object (KBO) of 1.0 g cm{sup 3} density and similar to recent estimates of the mass delivered to the Earth at 0.6-0.8 Gyr during the late-heavy bombardment. We conclude that the parent body was a Kuiper Belt body or bodies which captured a large amount of early primitive material in the first megayears of the system's lifetime and preserved it in deep freeze at {approx}150 AU. At {approx}1.4 Gyr they were prompted by dynamical stirring of their parent Kuiper Belt into spiraling into the inner system, eventually colliding at 5-10 km s{sup -1} with a rocky planetary body of mass {<=}M{sub Earth} at {approx}3 AU, delivering large amounts of water (>0.1% of M{sub Earth'sOceans}) and carbon-rich material. The Spitzer spectrum also closely matches spectra reported for the Ureilite meteorites of the Sudan Almahata Sitta fall in 2008, suggesting that one of the Ureilite parent bodies was a KBO.

The 2-min protocol (1 + 1) for the βeta-s.t.a.r. (manufactured by Neogen Corporation, Lansing, MI, USA) was validated at the Technology and Food Science Unit of the Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The test was very selective for the group of β-lactam compounds: the only interference found was by clavulanic acid at 2500 μg kg−1 and above. The modified protocol (βeta-s.t.a.r. 1 + 1) detected all β-lactams with a maximum residue limit (MRL) in milk, but not all these compounds were detected at their respective MRL. The detection of cefalexin (detection capability = 6000 μg kg−1; MRL = 100 μg kg−1) and penethamate (detection capability = 80 μg kg−1; MRL = 4 μg kg−1) was especially poor, and also ceftiofur was only detected from 500 μg kg−1 (MRL = 100 μg kg−1). The repeatability of the reader and of the test was very good. The test was very robust: test results were not significantly influenced by small changes in the test protocol, by the milk composition or by the type of milk. The test was also suitable to test the milk of animal species other than cow. Favourable results were obtained in testing monitoring samples, in two national ring trials, and in an international proficiency test. The βeta-s.t.a.r. 1 + 1 is a very fast, simple, and reliable test that could be used at the farm level to prevent tanker milk contamination by β-lactams. PMID:20512709

This thesis contains two tasks. The first part focuses on the development and optimization of the pion beam facility for the HADES experiment. The second part describes the measurement of the electromagnetic transition form factor of the {eta} meson in proton-proton reactions. To investigate pion-nucleon reaction, a secondary pion beam is required. The pions are produced by a heavy ion beam impinging on a beryllium target. In order to determine the profile of the beam focus, two scintillating fiber detectors have been built as part of this thesis and are read out with recently developed electronics. The measured size of the beam focus appeared to be not acceptable, which can be attributed to the achromatic magnetic focusing in the beam line. Simulations have shown, that an additional quadrupole magnet directly in front of HADES would solve this problem and improve the beam quality. A test experiment including this new quadrupole has been performed and the analysis is still in progress. Preliminary results show a significant reduction of the momentum dependency of the focus. The size of the actual beam spot has been deduced to 14 mm by using an indirect tracking approach. For deducing the electromagnetic structure of hadrons, a first step has been done by analyzing the {eta} Dalitz decay in p+p reactions at 2.2 GeV kinetic energy to determine the electromagnetic transition form factor of the {eta} meson. A fit to the data leads to a form factor slope of b=2.2{sub -1.4}{sup +1.2} GeV{sup -2}. This corresponds to a pole mass of {lambda}=680{sub -130}{sup +460} MeV/c{sup 2}. It has been shown, that a semi-exclusive analysis of the {eta} Dalitz decay within the event hypothesis framework including a kinematical fit is feasible. (orig.)

The ratio of the neutron to proton structure functions, $F^{\\eta}_2$ / $F^p_2$, from scattering of 470 GeV muons on liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets, is measured at very small-x and $Q^2$ , using the Fermilab E665 spectrometer. The results presented cover the region 0.000004 < x < 0.3 and $Q^2$ > 0.001 $GeV^2$ , three orders of magnitude lower in z than previous fixed-target experiments, and with higher average Q2 in the overlap region....

We report the first observation of the rare {eta}{yields}e{sup +}e{sup -}e{sup +}e{sup -}({gamma}) decay based on 1.7 fb{sup -1} collected by the KLOE experiment at the DA{Phi}NE {phi}-factory. The selection of the e{sup +}e{sup -}e{sup +}e{sup -} final state is fully inclusive of radiation. We have identified 362{+-}29 events resulting in a branching ratio of (2.4{+-}0.2{sub stat}+bckg{+-}0.1{sub syst})x10{sup -5}.

Fluorescence was induced by coupling a laser with an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) to develop an analytical method for the direct determination of lead content, at ultra-trace level, in seawater by electrothermal atomization-laser-excited atomic fluorescence (ETA-LEAF). The optimization of atomization conditions, laser pulse energy, and mainly temporal parameters allowed us to reach a 3 fg detection limit (0.3 ng L(-1)) despite the low repetition rate of the device. The expected error on predicted concentrations of lead, at trace levels, in seawater was below 15%.

We present a measurement of the distribution of the variable $\\phi^*_\\eta$ for muon pairs with masses between 30 and 500 GeV, using the complete Run II data set collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton collider. This corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 10.4 fb$^{-1}$ at $\\sqrt{s}$ = 1.96 TeV. The data are corrected for detector effects and presented in bins of dimuon rapidity and mass. The variable $\\phi^*_\\eta$ probes the same physical effects as the $Z/\\gamma^*$ boson transverse momentum, but is less susceptible to the effects of experimental resolution and efficiency. These are the first measurements at any collider of the $\\phi^*_\\eta$ distributions for dilepton masses away from the $Z\\rightarrow \\ell^+\\ell^-$ boson mass peak. The data are compared to QCD predictions based on the resummation of multiple soft gluons.

Proton-lead collisions at the LHC provide an opportunity to probe the physics of the initial state of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. In particular, they can provide insight on the effect of an extended nuclear target on the dynamics of soft and hard scattering processes and subsequent particle production. Charged particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions are among the most basic experimental probes of particle production. The centrality dependence of the charged particle pseudorapidity distributions, dNch/deta , was measured in p+Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s_NN) = 5.02 TeV using the ATLAS detector. Charged particles were reconstructed over |eta| < 2.7 using the ATLAS pixel detector. The proton-lead collision centrality was characterized by the total transverse energy measured over the pseudorapidity interval 3.2 < eta < 4.9 in the direction of the lead beam. The dNch/deta distributions are found to vary strongly with centrality, with an inc...

Highlights: • Ionic liquids are not intrinsically ‘green chemicals’ and require toxicological assessment. • Predictive QSTR models have been developed for toxicity of ILs to Daphnia magna. • Simple two dimensional descriptors were used to reduce the computational burden. • Discriminant and regression based models showed appreciable predictivity and reproducibility. • The extracted features can be explored in designing novel environmentally-friendly agents. -- Abstract: Ionic liquids have been judged much with respect to their wide applicability than their considerable harmful effects towards the living ecosystem which has been observed in many instances. Hence, toxicological introspection of these chemicals by the development of predictive mathematical models can be of good help. This study presents an attempt to develop predictive classification and regression models correlating the structurally derived chemical information of a group of 62 diverse ionic liquids with their toxicity towards Daphnia magna and their interpretation. We have principally used the extended topochemical atom (ETA) indices along with various topological non-ETA and thermodynamic parameters as independent variables. The developed quantitative models have been subjected to extensive statistical tests employing multiple validation strategies from which acceptable results have been reported. The best models obtained from classification and regression studies captured necessary structural information on lipophilicity, branching pattern, electronegativity and chain length of the cationic substituents for explaining ecotoxicity of ionic liquids towards D. magna. The derived information can be successfully used to design better ionic liquid analogues acquiring the qualities of a true eco-friendly green chemical.

The dilepton invariant mass spectra and integrated branching ratios of the single and double Dalitz decays {\\mathscr{P}}\\to {{{l}}}+{{{l}}}-{{γ }} and {\\mathscr{P}}\\to {{{l}}}+{{{l}}}-{{{l}}}+{{{l}}}- ({\\mathscr{P}}={{{π }}}0,{{η }},{{{η }}}\\prime; {{l}}={{e}} or {{μ }}) are predicted by means of a data-driven approach based on the use of rational approximants applied to {{{π }}}0,{{η }} and {{{η }}}\\prime transition form factor experimental data in the space-like region. Supported by the FPI scholarship BES-2012-055371 (S.G-S), the Secretaria d’Universitats i Recerca del Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya under grant 2014 SGR 1450, the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under grant FPA2011-25948, the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under grants CICYT-FEDER-FPA 2014-55613-P and SEV-2012-0234, the Spanish Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Program CPAN (CSD2007-00042), and the European Commission under program FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2011-1 (283286) S.G-S also Received Support from the CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative for Young International Scientist (2017PM0031)

aerosol is involved in many important processes in Earth's climate system, with important implications for air quality, climate, atmospheric chemistry, and the biosphere, and different impacts on human health. The relative importance of mineral dust in particulate matter depends on location, season and particle size, mainly concentrated in the coarse fraction. Its impacts on climate and environment have increased years after years and needs to be more understood. In the present work, the relationships between the meteorological conditions and dust transport phenomena from the Saharan regions of north Africa and their transport, deposition in both modes, dry and wet deposition in the Mediterranean region, and the Atlantic Ocean, during two dust events namely: case I (01/03/04 - 06/03/04), case II (29/05/05 - 03/06/05), that have been analysed and their major characteristics have been discussed. This analysis has been performed with the aid of the SKIRON modelling system of the University of Athens. The dust module of SKIRON/Eta model incorporates the state of the art parameterization of all the major phases of the desert dust cycle such as production, diffusion, advection and removal. Model results have been compared with TOMS-AI (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrophotometer Aerosol Index) data for a qualitative comparison of the model. The work has been conducted at the framework of TEMPUS project MADEPODIM.

Environmental factors influence the coffee beverage quality and air temperature has a significant importance in this process. The grain maturation occurs very quickly in regions that present high temperatures and sometimes there is not enough time to complete all this phase adequately. In the other hand, with mild temperatures, the grain maturation occurs more slowly and it promotes a better quality beverage. The aim of this study was to assess the coffee beverage quality in the southeastern Brazil, based on climate projections using the Eta-CPTEC regional model driven by four members of an ensemble of the Met Office Hadley Centre Global Coupled climate model (HadCM3). The global model ensemble was run over the 21st century according to IPCC SRES, A1B emissions scenario. Each ensemble member presented different climate sensitivity in the analysis. The Eta-CPTEC-HadCM3 model was configured with a 40-km grid size and was run over the period of 1961-90 to represent a baseline climate, and over the period of 2011-2100 to simulate possible future changes and the effects on the coffee beverage quality. A coffee beverage quality classification, which depends on the annual air temperature proposed by Bressani (2007) and also, a quality coffee beverage sensory classification, based on Camargo and Cortez (1998) were considered in this study. An evaluation of the systematic errors (BIAS) for each member for the period from 1961 to 1990 was made. The results presented by Eta/CPTEC-HadCM3 model indicated that in the case of an occurrence of A1B emission scenario, the coffee beverage quality could be affected in this region due to the fact that the flavor may become stronger and unpleasant caused by rising air temperatures. The BIAS evaluation and subsequent errors removal demonstrated improvement in the scenarios simulations. A short review concerning agronomic techniques to mitigate extreme meteorological events or global warming on coffee crop based on Camargo (2010) also is

This laboratory activity is a mechanistic exploration of the interactions between electronically deficient organometallic compounds and solvent molecules. Simple kinetics experiments designed to explore the mechanism of C[subscript 60] fullerene-benzene exchange on Ir(([eta][superscript 2]-C[subscript 60])(CO)(Cl)(PPh[subscript 3])[subscript 2]…

The number of pseudoscalar mesons in the mass range from 1400 to 1500 MeV/c{sup 2} has been a subject of considerable interest for many years, with several experiments having presented evidence for two closely spaced states. A new measurement of the reaction {pi}{sup -} p {yields} K{sup +} K{sup -} {pi}{sup 0}n has been made at a beam energy of 18 GeV. A partial wave analysis of the K{sup +} K{sup -} {pi}{sup 0} system shows evidence for three pseudoscalar resonances, {eta}(1295), {eta}(1416), and {eta}(1485), as well as two axial vectors, f{sub 1}(1285), and f{sub 1}(1420). Their observed masses, widths and decay properties are reported. No signal was observed for C(1480), an I{sub G} J{sup PC} = 1{sup +} 1{sup --} state previously reported in {phi}{pi}{sup 0} decay.

A full azimuthal $\\phi$-wedge of the ATLAS liquid argon end-cap calorimeter has been exposed to beams of electrons, muons and pions in the energy range $6\\,\\GeV\\le E\\le 200\\,\\GeV$ at the CERN SPS. The angular region studied corresponds to the ATLAS impact position around the pseudorapidity interval $1.6eta|<1.8$. The beam test set-up is described. A detailed study of the performance is given as well as the related intercalibration constants obtained. Following the ATLAS hadronic calibration proposal, a first study of the hadron calibration using a weighting ansatz is presented. The results are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo simulations, based on GEANT~3 and GEANT~4 models.

Aims: Every 5.5 years, η Car's light curve and spectrum change remarkably across all observed wavelength bands. These so-called spectroscopic events are most likely caused by the close approach of a companion. We compare the recent spectroscopic event in mid-2014 to the events in 2003 and 2009 and investigate long-term trends. Methods: Eta Car was observed with HST STIS, VLT UVES, and CTIO 1.5 m CHIRON for a period of more than two years in 2012-2015. Archival observations with these instruments cover three orbital cycles and the events of 2003.5, 2009.1, and 2014.6. The STIS spectra provide high spatial resolution and include epochs during the 2014 event when observations from most ground-based observatories were not feasible. The strategy for UVES observations allows for a multidimensional analysis, because each location in the reflection nebula is correlated with a different stellar latitude. Results: Important spectroscopic diagnostics during η Car's events show significant changes in 2014 compared to previous events. While the timing of the first He ii λ4686 flash was remarkably similar to previous events, the He ii equivalent widths were slightly larger, and the line flux increased by a factor of ~7 compared to 2003. The second He ii peak occurred at about the same phase as in 2009, but was stronger. The He i line flux grew by a factor of ~8 in 2009-2014 compared to 1998-2003. The N ii emission lines also increased in strength. On the other hand, Hα and Fe ii lines show the smallest emission strengths ever observed in η Car. The optical continuum brightened by a factor of ~4 in the past 10-15 years.The polar spectrum shows fewer changes in the broad wind emission lines: the Fe ii emission strength decreased by a factor of ~2 (compared to a factor of ~4 in our direct line of sight). The He ii equivalent widths at FOS4 were larger in 2009 and 2014 than during the 2003 event. Conclusions: The basic character of η Car's spectroscopic events has changed in

The reactions of lithium derivatives of diphosphanes R(2)P-P(SiMe(3))Li (R = (t)Bu, (i)Pr, Et(2)N and (i)Pr(2)N) with [(R'(3)P)(2)PtCl(2)] (R'(3)P = Et(3)P, Et(2)PhP, EtPh(2)P and p-Tol(3)P) proceed in a facile manner to afford side-on bonded phosphanylphosphinidene complexes of platinum [(eta(2)-P=R(2))Pt(PR'(3))(2)]. The related reactions of Ph(2)P-P(SiMe(3))Li with [(R'(3)P)(2)PtCl(2)] did not yield [(eta(2)-P=PPh(2))Pt(PR'(3))(2)] and resulted mainly in the formation of [{(R'(3)P)(2)Pt}(2)P(2)], Ph(2)P-PLi-PPh(2), (Me(3)Si)(2)PLi and (Me(3)Si)(3)P. Crystallographic data are reported for the compounds [(eta(2)-P=R(2))Pt(p-Tol(3)P)(2)] (R = (t)Bu, (i)Pr, ((i)Pr(2)N)(2)P) and for [{(Et(2)PhP)(2)Pt}(2)P(2)].

Fracturing is the most prevalent deformation mechanism in rocks deformed in the laboratory under simulated upper crustal conditions. Fracturing produces acoustic emissions (AE) at the laboratory scale and earthquakes on a crustal scale. The AE technique provides a means to analyse microcracking activity inside the rock volume and since experiments can be performed under confining pressure to simulate depth of burial, AE can be used as a proxy for natural processes such as earthquakes. Experimental rock deformation provides us with several ways to investigate time-dependent brittle deformation. Two main types of experiments can be distinguished: (1) "constant strain rate" experiments in which stress varies as a result of deformation, and (2) "creep" experiments in which deformation and deformation rate vary over time as a result of an imposed constant stress. We conducted constant strain rate experiments on air-dried Darley Dale sandstone samples in a variety of confining pressures (30MPa, 50MPa, 80MPa) and in water saturated samples with 20 MPa initial pore fluid pressure. The results from these experiments used to determine the initial loading in the creep experiments. Non-extensive statistical physics approach was applied to the AE data in order to investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of cracks close to failure. A more detailed study was performed for the data from the creep experiments. When axial stress is plotted against time we obtain the trimodal creep curve. Calculation of Tsallis entropic index q is performed to each stage of the curve and the results are compared with the ones from the constant strain rate experiments. The Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence model (ETAS) is also applied to each stage of the creep curve and the ETAS parameters are calculated. We investigate whether these parameters are constant across all stages of the curve, or whether there are interesting patterns of variation. This research has been co-funded by the European Union

The molecular mechanisms involved in NMDA-induced cell death and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced neuroprotection were investigated in vitro using an AF5 neural progenitor cell line model. By microarray analysis, Ywhah, CK1, Hsp60, Pdcd 4 and Pdcd 7 were identified as being strongly regulated by both NMDA toxicity and THC neuroprotection. The 14-3-3 eta (14–3–3η; gene symbol Ywhah) and 14-3- zeta (14–3–3ζ; gene symbol Ywhaz) transcripts were deceased by NMDA treatment, and increased by THC treatment prior to NMDA, as measured by cDNA microarray analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Other 14-3-3 isoforms were unchanged. While up-regulation of 14–3–3ζ expression was observed 30 min after treatment with THC plus NMDA, down-regulation by NMDA alone was not seen until 16 hr after treatment. By Western blotting, THC increased 14-3-3 protein only in cells that were also treated with NMDA. Over expression of 14-3-3η or 14-3-3ζ by transient plasmid transfection increased 14-3-3 protein levels, and decreased NMDA-induced cell death. These data suggest that increases in 14-3-3 proteins mediate THC-induced neuroprotection under conditions of NMDA-induced cellular stress. PMID:17455326

We report the discovery of a low-mass planet orbiting Gl 15 A based on radial velocities from the Eta-Earth Survey using HIRES at Keck Observatory. Gl 15 Ab is a planet with minimum mass Msin i = 5.35 ± 0.75 M {sub ⊕}, orbital period P = 11.4433 ± 0.0016 days, and an orbit that is consistent with circular. We characterize the host star using a variety of techniques. Photometric observations at Fairborn Observatory show no evidence for rotational modulation of spots at the orbital period to a limit of ∼0.1 mmag, thus supporting the existence of the planet. We detect a second RV signal with a period of 44 days that we attribute to rotational modulation of stellar surface features, as confirmed by optical photometry and the Ca II H and K activity indicator. Using infrared spectroscopy from Palomar-TripleSpec, we measure an M2 V spectral type and a sub-solar metallicity ([M/H] = –0.22, [Fe/H] = –0.32). We measure a stellar radius of 0.3863 ± 0.0021 R {sub ☉} based on interferometry from CHARA.

As the materials for this project, we used data on the distribution of the larvae of the Asian paddle crab Charybdis japonicus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861); the spider crabs Hyas coarctatus ursinus (= Hyas ursinus) (Rathbun, 1924), Pugettia quadridens (de Haan, 1839), and Pisoides bidentatus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1873); the samurai crab Paradorippe granulata (= Dorippe granulata) (de Haan, 1841); the pea crab Pinnixa rathbuni (Sakai, 1934); and the porcelain crab Pachycheles stevensii (Stimpson, 1858) in Minonosok Bay of Pos'eta Bay obtained during 2000-2002 and in 2004. The planktonic samples were collected from the last third of May to September. The greatest density of the larvae was observed in May, mid-June, late June-early July, and late July-early August. The greatest densities of the crab larvae and the decapod larvae ranged from 20.4 to 48.2 and from 88.4 to 245.3 specimens/m3. The schedule of the crab larvae's occurrence in the plankton is provided for the first time. The distribution of the density showed pronounced patchiness.

DNA polymerase eta (POLH) is required for the generation of A:T mutations during the somatic hypermutation of Ig genes in germinal center B cells. It remains unclear, however, whether POLH is a limiting factor for A:T mutations and how the absence of POLH might affect antibody affinity maturation. We found that the heterozygous Polh+/- mice exhibited a significant reduction in the frequency of A:T mutations in Ig genes, with each type of base substitutions at a level intermediate between the Polh+/+ and Polh(-/-) mice. These observations suggest that Polh is haplo-insufficient for the induction of A:T mutations in Ig genes. Intriguingly, there was also a reduction of C to T and G to A transitions in Polh+/- mice as compared with WT mice. Polh(-/-) mice produced decreased serum titers of high-affinity antibodies against a T-dependent antigen, which was associated with a significant reduction in the number of plasma cells secreting high-affinity antibodies. Analysis of the V region revealed that aa substitutions caused by A:T mutations were greatly reduced in Polh(-/-) mice. These results demonstrate that POLH is a limiting factor for A:T mutations and contributes to the efficient diversification of Ig genes and affinity maturation of antibodies.

The pseudorapidity region $2.5eta|<4.0$ in ATLAS is a particularly complex transition zone between the endcap and forward calorimeters. A set-up consisting of 1/4 resp. 1/8 of the full azimuthal acceptance of the ATLAS liquid argon endcap and forward calorimeters has been exposed to beams of electrons, pions and muons in the energy range $E < 200 GeV$ at the CERN SPS. Data have been taken in the endcap and forward calorimeter regions as well as in the transition region. This beam test set-up corresponds very closely to the geometry and support structures in ATLAS. Pion data have been analyzed using the standard local hadronic calibration scheme as forseen for the ATLAS calorimeter. In particular the weighting scheme to compensate for the different electron to pion response as well as corrections for dead material in the transition region have been extensively tested and compared to simulation based on GEANT 4 models.

The pseudorapidity region $2.5eta|<4.0$ in ATLAS is a particularly complex transition zone between the endcap and forward calorimeters. A set-up consisting of 1/4 resp. 1/8 of the full azimuthal acceptance of the ATLAS liquid argon endcap and forward calorimeters has been exposed to beams of electrons, pions and muons in the energy range $E < 200 GeV$ at the CERN SPS. Data have been taken in the endcap and forward calorimeter regions as well as in the transition region. This beam test set-up corresponds very closely to the geometry and support structures in ATLAS. Pion data have been analyzed using the standard local hadronic calibration scheme as forseen for the ATLAS calorimeter. In particular the weighting scheme to compensate for the different electron to pion response as well as corrections for dead material in the transition region have been extensively tested and compared to simulation based on GEANT 4 models.

The reaction pp -> pf (pi+pi-pi0) ps has been studied at 450 GeV/c in an experiment designed to search for gluonic states. A spin analysis has been performed and the dPT filter applied. The analysis confirms the previous observation that all undisputed qqbar states are suppressed at small dPT. In addition, a clear difference is observed in the production mechanism for the eta and omega.

Recent evidence shows that chronic ethanol consumption increases endothelin (ET)-1 induced sustained contraction of trabecular smooth muscle cells of the corpora cavernosa in corpus cavernosum of rats by a mechanism that involves increased expression of ETA and ETB receptors. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of alcohol and diabetes and their relationship to miRNA-155, miRNA-199 and endothelin receptors in the corpus cavernosum and blood of rats submitted to the experimental model of diabetes mellitus and chronic alcoholism. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), alcoholic (A), diabetic (D), and alcoholic-diabetic (AD). Samples of the corpus cavernosum were prepared to study the protein expression of endothelin receptors by immunohistochemistry and expression of miRNAs-155 and -199 in serum and the cavernous tissue. Immunostaining for endothelin receptors was markedly higher in the A, D, and AD groups than in the C group. Moreover, a significant hypoexpression of the miRNA-199 in the corpus cavernosum tissue from the AD group was observed, compared to the C group. When analyzing the microRNA profile in blood, a significant hypoexpression of miRNA-155 in the AD group was observed compared to the C group. The miRNA-199 analysis demonstrated significant hypoexpression in D and AD groups compared to the C group. Our findings in corpus cavernosum showed downregulated miRNA-155 and miRNA-199 levels associated with upregulated protein expression and unaltered mRNA expression of ET receptors suggesting decreased ET receptor turnover, which can contribute to erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats exposed to high alcohol levels.

DNA polymerase eta (PolH) is the product of the xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) gene and a well-characterized Y-family DNA polymerase for translesion synthesis. Cells derived from XPV patients are unable to faithfully bypass UV photoproducts and DNA adducts and thus acquire genetic mutations. Here, we found that PolH can be up-regulated by DNA breaks induced by ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic agents, and knockdown of PolH gives cells resistance to apoptosis induced by DNA breaks in multiple cell lines and cell types in a p53-dependent manner. To explore the underlying mechanism, we examined p53 activation upon DNA breaks and found that p53 activation is impaired in PolH knockdown cells and PolH-null primary fibroblasts. Importantly, reconstitution of PolH into PolH knockdown cells restores p53 activation. Moreover, we provide evidence that, upon DNA breaks, PolH is partially colocalized with phosphorylated ATM at gamma-H2AX foci and knockdown of PolH impairs ATM to phosphorylate Chk2 and p53. However, upon DNA damage by UV, PolH knockdown cells exhibit two opposing temporal responses: at the early stage, knockdown of PolH suppresses p53 activation and gives cells resistance to UV-induced apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner; at the late stage, knockdown of PolH suppresses DNA repair, leading to sustained activation of p53 and increased susceptibility to apoptosis in both a p53-dependent and a p53-independent manner. Taken together, we found that PolH has a novel role in the DNA damage checkpoint and that a p53 target can modulate the DNA damage response and subsequently regulate p53 activation.

Somatic hypermutation of the Ig genes requires the activity of multiple DNA polymerases to ultimately introduce mutations at both A/T and C/G base pairs. Mice deficient for DNA polymerase eta (POLH) exhibited an approximately 80% reduction of the mutations at A/T, whereas absence of polymerase (POLQ) resulted in approximately 20% reduction of both A/T and C/G mutations. To investigate whether the residual A/T mutations observed in the absence of POLH are generated by POLQ and how these two polymerases might cooperate or compete with each other to generate A/T mutations, here we have established mice deficient for both POLH and POLQ. Polq(-/-)Polh(-/-) mice, however, did not show a further decrease of A/T mutations as compared with Polh(-/-) mice, suggesting that POLH and POLQ function in the same genetic pathway in the generation of these mutations. Frequent misincorporation of nucleotides, in particular opposite template T, is a known feature of POLH, but the efficiency of extension beyond the misincorporation differs significantly depending on the nature of the mispairing. Remarkably, we found that POLQ catalyzed extension more efficiently than POLH from all types of mispaired termini opposite A or T. Moreover, POLQ was able to extend mispaired termini generated by POLH albeit at a relatively low efficiency. These results reveal genetic and biochemical interactions between POLH and POLQ and suggest that POLQ might cooperate with POLH to generate some of the A/T mutations during the somatic hypermutation of Ig genes.

M(1)dG (3-(2'-deoxy-beta-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-a]purin-10(3H)-one) lesions are mutagenic in bacterial and mammalian cells, leading to base substitutions (mostly M(1)dG to dT and M(1)dG to dA) and frameshift mutations. M(1)dG is produced endogenously through the reaction of peroxidation products, base propenal or malondialdehyde, with deoxyguanosine residues in DNA. The mutagenicity of M(1)dG in Escherichia coli is dependent on the SOS response, specifically the umuC and umuD gene products, suggesting that mutagenic lesion bypass occurs by the action of translesion DNA polymerases, like DNA polymerase V. Bypass of DNA lesions by translesion DNA polymerases is conserved in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. The ability of recombinant human DNA polymerase eta to synthesize DNA across from M(1)dG was studied. M(1)dG partially blocked DNA synthesis by polymerase eta. Using steady-state kinetics, we found that insertion of dCTP was the least favored insertion product opposite the M(1)dG lesion (800-fold less efficient than opposite dG). Extension from M(1)dG.dC was equally as efficient as from control primer-templates (dG.dC). dATP insertion opposite M(1)dG was the most favored insertion product (8-fold less efficient than opposite dG), but extension from M(1)dG.dA was 20-fold less efficient than dG.dC. The sequences of full-length human DNA polymerase eta bypass products of M(1)dG were determined by LC-ESI/MS/MS. Bypass products contained incorporation of dA (52%) or dC (16%) opposite M(1)dG or -1 frameshifts at the lesion site (31%). Human DNA polymerase eta bypass may lead to M(1)dG to dT and frameshift but likely not M(1)dG to dA mutations during DNA replication.

Full Text Available We identified and analysed droughts in the La Plata Basin (divided into seven sub-basins for the current period (1961–2005 and estimated their expected evolution under future climate projections for the periods 2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2099. Future climate projections were analysed from results of the Eta Regional Climate Model (grid resolution of approximately 10 km forced by the global climate model HadGEM2-ES over the La Plata basin, and considering a RCP4.5 emission scenario. Within each sub-basin, we particularly focused our drought analyses on croplands and grasslands, due to their economic relevance. The three-month Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI3 was used for drought identification and characterization. Droughts were evaluated in terms of time (percentage of time from the total length of each climate scenario, space (percentage of total area, and severity (SPEI3 values of cells characterized by cropland and grassland for each sub-basin and climate scenario. Drought-severity–area–frequency curves were developed to quantitatively relate the frequency distribution of drought occurrence to drought severity and area. For the period 2011–2040, droughts dominate the northern sub-basins, whereas alternating wet and short dry periods dominate the southern sub-basins. Wet climate spread from south to north within the La Plata Basin as more distant future scenarios were analysed, due to both a greater number of wet periods and fewer droughts. The area of each sub-basin affected by drought in all climate scenarios was highly varied temporally and spatially. The likelihood of the occurrence of droughts differed significantly between the studied cover types in the Lower Paraguay sub-basin, being higher for cropland than for grassland. Mainly in the Upper Paraguay and in the Upper Paraná basins the climate projections for all scenarios showed an increase of moderate and severe droughts over large regions

High energy heavy ion collision is a powerful and unique tool to achieve the high density and temperature like the early universe. At normal temperature, partons are confined in nucleons and they can not move freely due to the asymp- totic freedom which is a property of the Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). However, at high density and/or high temperature, they can be deconfined from nucleons. This phase is called the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Hadron production measurements in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies can observe new phenomena which must be a frontier in the particle physics and allow validation of the predictive power of the QCD and can provide further constrains on pQCD theory for LHC energies. It is well known that the yield of high transvers momentum particles is suppressed in nucleus-nucleus collisions relative to that in proton-proton collisions. This effect is attributed to energy loss of parent partons or perhaps of hadrons after freeze-out. Since π 0 , η and...