Morning People May Self-Sabotage Less at Night, Night Owls Less at Sunrise

A new study discovered people are more likely to undermine their performance at stressful tasks when they’re operating at “peak capacity” based on their preferred time of the day.

Psychological researchers at Indiana University investigated the connection between people’s circadian rhythm and risk of “self-handicapping,” or self-sabotage and discovered the counterintuitive connection.

Their findings appear in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology.

The discovery that people self-damage during their preferred or best times is surprising. In other words, “morning people,” who reported greater alertness at sunrise, self-handicapped more in the morning, and “night owls,” who reported greater alertness at sunset, self-handicapped more in the evening.

Self-handicapping is defined by psychologists as when an individual seeks to protect their ego against potential failure in advance by creating circumstances, real or imagined, that harm their ability to carry out a stressful task.

A classic example is failing to study or staying out too late the night before an important test or job interview.

The behavior also extends to mere claims of debilitating circumstances, such as imagined illness, fatigue, or stress. Other studies have linked self-handicapping to other self-destructive behaviors, such as aggression, overeating, and drug or alcohol addiction.

The study also found that people chronically prone to making excuses reported the same stress levels at “off-peak” hours as peers who do not engage in this behavior. Only at peak hours did these individuals report higher levels of stress as an excuse for poor performance.

“What this study tells us is that self-handicapping requires thought and planning,” said Dr. Ed Hirt, professor in the Indiana University Bloomington College of Arts and Sciences’ Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and an author on the study.

“People who are feeling uncertain about themselves and start to fear that they might fail are more likely to identify potential excuses and self-handicap when they’re at their peak than when they’re not.”

“When an individual’s positive self-views are threatened, they may lash out against the source of the threat, compare themselves to others worse off than themselves, or engage in self-destructive actions, such as substance abuse,” added Julie Eyink, a graduate student in Hirt’s lab and lead author on the study.

“Unfortunately, it’s not uncommon to get caught in a negative spiral, in which self-handicapping leads to lower self-esteem and higher failure beliefs, which prompt more self-handicapping.”

To conduct the study, Indiana University researchers administered intelligence tests to 237 students (98 men and 139 women), half of whom were told that stress had been found to affect performance on the test and half of whom were told that stress should not affect the result.

The tests were randomly administered at 8:00 a.m. or 8:00 p.m. to volunteers who had been previously categorized as “night people” or “morning people” based upon a survey shown to accurately predict circadian rhythm. Study participants were also assessed for their tendency to self-sabotage through questions about their stress levels prior to the exam.

The tests and morning or night preference assessments were given two weeks apart, and participants were unaware that circadian rhythm would be a factor in the study. The individuals who administered the tests were unaware who had been labeled “morning people” or “night owls.”

The results were that people who scored higher in terms of risk for self-sabotage reported greater stress levels at hours of peak performance.

A high or low tendency to self-sabotage did not make a difference at off-peak hours, however. Both groups reported the same stress levels at these times.

“The results seem counterintuitive, but what they really show is clear evidence that self-handicapping is a resource demanding strategy,” said Eyink.

“Only people who had their peak cognitive resources were able to engage in self-handicapping.”

Based solely on the study, she said people who want to avoid self-sabotage might conclude they should engage in stressful tasks at off-peak times. But she also warns that such a strategy would require carrying out tasks at a time when a person lacks all the cognitive tools required to achieve top performance.

“Ultimately,” she said, “I would advise that working to avoid self-handicapping — through actions such as healthful practices, seeking help or counseling — is the best strategy.”

Morning People May Self-Sabotage Less at Night, Night Owls Less at Sunrise

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Rick Nauert PhD

Dr. Rick Nauert has over 25 years experience in clinical, administrative and academic healthcare. He is currently an associate professor for Rocky Mountain University of Health Professionals doctoral program in health promotion and wellness. Dr. Nauert began his career as a clinical physical therapist and served as a regional manager for a publicly traded multidisciplinary rehabilitation agency for 12 years. He has masters degrees in health-fitness management and healthcare administration and a doctoral degree from The University of Texas at Austin focused on health care informatics, health administration, health education and health policy. His research efforts included the area of telehealth with a specialty in disease management.

APA Reference Nauert PhD, R. (2018). Morning People May Self-Sabotage Less at Night, Night Owls Less at Sunrise. Psych Central.
Retrieved on January 21, 2019, from https://psychcentral.com/news/2016/08/31/morning-people-may-self-sabotage-less-at-night-night-owls-less-at-sunrise/109310.html

Last updated: 8 Aug 2018Last reviewed: By a member of our scientific advisory board on 8 Aug 2018Published on Psych Central.com. All rights reserved.