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Yesterday, the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) launched an inquiry into what contact there was between officers and Yousef.

The two-year-old, from Harborne, died in hospital on February 15 and her mother, 23, and father, 47, were released on bail pending further inquiries.

On Monday Gordon Brown paid tribute to the two girls, saying: “It is a sad and tragic situation when children so young die.

"Ed Balls and the Children's department will take very seriously any information that is given to them concerning these cases."

The deaths place further scrutiny Birmingham City Council’s social services, which was described as “not fit for purpose” last year.

The department was condemned this week for failing seven-year-old Khyra who was killed by her mother Angela Gordon in May 2008, despite repeated warnings from her teacher and several visits from welfare officials.

A serious case review has been launched into what went wrong and is due to be published in the next few weeks, but no one has faced any disciplinary action to date.

Yesterday, Khalid Mahmood, Labour MP for Perry Bar, called for the resignation of Tony Howell, the strategic director for children, young people and families.

Mr Howell apologised for being “unable to save Khyra” but has refused to step down.

Mr Mahmood said: “I think heads should roll, including the head of children’s services.

“We have had two years of trying to sort this out and they are just not taking responsibility. Nobody is taking responsibility, it is an absolute disgrace.”

Tim Loughton, shadow children’s minister, said there should be an emergency review carried out within 72 hours of a death, to highlight any immediate changes that need to be implemented.

“They can do that for mental health homicide reviews without complaint, why not this?

“There should be an immediate response, rather than waiting several years for something to happen.

“Khyra Ishaq is a classic example of lots of people producing lots of pieces of paper and running round in circles.

“Nobody resigns, they have all ticked the boxes, but they have failed.”

Referring to the latest toddler deaths he said: “For the last 14 months, Birmingham City Council has said there have been no SCRs or similar incidents.

“They say things have been improving, but there have been two cases in the last few weeks which are being investigated at the moment.

“In the last three weeks there have been two child deaths - it could all blow up again.”

A spokesman from the IPCC said Alia was found dead by police after concerns were raised about her safety.

IPCC commissioner Len Jackson said: "There was some limited contact between the child's mother and the police in the last year or so, and it is important that we carry out a managed investigation to ensure all the correct policies and procedures were followed.

"As well as the police response, we will be looking at what interaction there was between police and other agencies."

A DCSF spokesman said: “The Department is aware of these sad cases and we have asked the Government Office to keep us informed of significant developments.

"Birmingham Safeguarding Children Board will decide shortly whether it would be appropriate to hold Serious Case Reviews into these incidents.”

A spokesman for the council said: “We cannot comment on either case because the police investigations are ongoing.”