Introduction: acute myeloid leukemia is a clonal hematopoietic disorder that repre­sents the 80% of acute leukemia in adults. It is characterized by altered hematopoietic and presence of blast in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, arthralgia and inmunocompromised are included among its manifestations. It begins with nonspecific symptoms so it can be confused with self-limited symptoms like differ­ent arvobirosis typical of some geographic areas.

Case report: a male 43 years old patient with acute Chicungunya profile, skin rash and fever. Initially, it was considered as fever by Chicungunya so clinical management was carried out without improvement. The patient presented rapid and progressive dete­rioration of his general condition, multiorgan involvement, septic state and subsequent death. Extended blood showed 28% presence of blasts. Then postmortem bone marrow studies demonstrated the acute myeloid leukemia diagnosis.

Conclusion: acute myeloid leukemia can be complicated with septic conditions and has fatal outcome after very short duration, its diagnosis must be established in an early stage. It is a challenge to doctors distinguish it among much benign and common dis­eases. Rev.cienc.biomed. 2016;7(1):117-122.