Trefoil factor 1

Trefoil factor 1 is a protein with 40 amino acids domain that contains three conserved disulfides found in a cluster at chromosome 21. It has been significantly studied due to its expression in human tumors.

Trefoil factor 1 is found in normal human urine that inhibits the growth of calcium oxalate crystal in urine and acts as stabilizers of mucous gel overlying the gastrointestinalmucosa that endowed physical blockade against toxic agents as well as the healing capacity of the epithelium. It also reveals an inhibitory force parallel to that of nephrocalcin in which its inhibition dependent to the dosage directed to the C-terminus. Its concentration and relative amounts in urine with idiopathic calcium oxalate kidney stones is drastically less, thus indicated as potent inhibitor with a potential pathophysiological role in nephrolithiasis.