The institutionalization of contemporary art, seen on a global scale is still an open question. The global art production, as a new and controversial phenomenon, affects the future of art museums in many ways. Museums especially outside the west have not yet followed the wave of biennials. While migration is the issue in artists’ circles, public museums as local institutions are confronted with the challenge of globalization. The reciprocal impact of contemporary non-western art and local museums all over the world is the main objective of the book. The book assembles a group of art critics, anthropologists and museum curators who address the identity of the museum and its change from a variety of viewpoints that reflect their different backgrounds. The critical essays were written for two international conferences, while other texts were chosen for their significance as exemplary statements for the present situation.