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Axles represent the set of structural, elastic and dampening components of the vehicle suspensions, and they carry out the following main functions:

supporting the vehicle weight under various load conditions

absorbing loads coming from the wheel under various running conditions (acceleration, braking, curve and different kinds of collisions) and transferring them, limiting their entity as much as possible at the entry points on the body shell, in order to avoid all possible sources of noise inside the passenger compartment

guaranteeing at the same time a high level of stiffness in terms of side loads for proper drivability (the handling behaviour of the car) and a high level of flexibility in terms of longitudinal roads for vehicle comfort.

The main types of axles are listed below.

MCPHERSON front suspension

The MCPHERSON front suspension is traditionally employed more often on front suspensions, due to the advantages of weight and cost which, combined with performances that are in any case satisfactory, always make it more competitive in the trade-off analysis compared to other solutions.

Quadrilateral Front Suspension

The Quadrilateral Front Suspension is employed when improved performances are requested compared to other models such as the McPherson.

MCPHERSON 4WD front suspension

Compared to the traditional front suspension, the MCPHERSON Front Suspension for 4-WHEEL DRIVE versions requires a redefinition of the mechanical cross-member to allow passage of the drive shaft, as well as the modification of components that guarantee a higher driving position.

4-WD Quadrilateral Front Suspension

Compared to the traditional front suspension, the Quadrilateral Front Suspension for 4-WHEEL DRIVE versions requires a redefinition of the rear part of the mechanical frame to allow passage of the drive shaft, as well as the modification of components that guarantee a higher driving position.

Rear Suspension with Longitudinal Arms

The Rear Suspension with Longitudinal Arms is traditionally employed in medium-low range vehicles thanks to the better performances obtained compared to the Twist Beam type and due to the lower costs compared to the McPherson or Multilink type.

Multilink Rear Suspension

The Multilink Rear Suspension is traditionally employed in medium-high range vehicles thanks to their better performances compared to all other types of rear suspensions.