Another Visual Reference

After the fall of the Sasssanian Empire to Islam and invasion of Iranshahr in the 7th century AD, the old Pahlavi script was replaced with Arabic script. This is how Farsi came to be written using the Arabic letters. The script originally did not have dots which made it hard to read. The dots were added later and eventually became part of the letters. In the Kufic script, the dots were used somewhat arbitrarily, occasionally as decorative elements. The beauty of it for me is the contrast between the red circles and the black letters.

In Grounding, I am inscribing the punctuation marks (imported into Farsi prose in the 19th c.) in red ink much in the same way the red dots were used in Kufic script.