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Cardiac Diseases

Here we will discuss some common disease that required urgent care in emergency setup while there are many diseases that need urgent treatment in an emergency;

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS).

Myocardial Infarction.

Ischemic heart Disease.

Hypertensive Emergencies.

1- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS):
It is Produce due to the mismatches of oxygen supply and demand.
* Rupture or fissuring of atherosclerotic plaque resulting in thrombus formation and vessel occlusion is the cause of unstable angina (ACS).
* Incomplete occlusion is the cause of unstable angina while complete occlusion is the cause of MI.

Investigations:
Serial ECGs.
Serial Cardiac enzymes (Including Trop. T and Trop. I).Findings:
ACS can be due to unstable angina and due to Non.elevated MI.
ECG shows NSTEMI i.e. ST inversion or ST flatten
If cardiac enzyme -ve it is unstable angina.
If cardiac enzyme +ve it is NSTEMI.

Definition:
Acute Ischemic necrosis of an area of myocardium is known as myocardial infarction.OR
Myocardial necrosis occurring as a result of critical imbalance between coronary blood supply and myocardial demand is called as myocardial infarction.

Sign & Symptoms:Symptoms:Chest pain that radiate to the left side of the chest and retrosternal.
Shortness of the breath for few hours.
Nausea and vomiting.
These symptoms lead to the infarction off or angina.Sings:
On the examination of patient;Vitals:Pulse;
Bradycardia- that can lead to the heart blocks i.e. more common is III degree of heart block.
Tachycardia- that can lead to heart failure i.e. SVT, VT, AF.Respiratory Rate;
Tachypnea i.e. Increased RR.