A Search for Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos and Cosmic-Rays by Matthew Joseph Mottram

The winner of UCL's annual HEP thesis prize, this paintings describes an research of the knowledge from the second one flight of the Antarctica Impulsive temporary Antenna (ANITA). ANITA is a balloon-borne scan that searches for radio signs originating from ultra-high power neutrinos and cosmic rays interacting with the Antarctic ice or air. the hunt for ultrahigh power neutrinos of astrophysical foundation is likely one of the extraordinary experimental demanding situations of the twenty first century. The ANITA scan used to be designed to be the main delicate tool to ultra-high strength neutrinos that originate from the interactions of cosmic rays with the cosmic microwave historical past. The technique and result of the neutrino and cosmic ray searches are provided within the thesis.

Following my commencement in actual natural chemistry on the college of Amst- dam, i began to paintings on the Royal Dutch Shell Laboratories in Amsterdam. My first task used to be learn within the box of detergents and commercial chemical compounds. It used to be by means of improvement paintings on thermal wax cracking for creation of C – C 2 14 olefins and on acid-catalyzed synthesis of carboxylic acids from C – C olefins.

This publication describes the developmental heritage of the vacuum method of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) on the Japan Electron Optics Laboratory (JEOL) from its inception to its use in today’s high-technology microscopes. the writer and his colleagues have been engaged in constructing vacuum expertise for electron microscopes (JEM sequence) at JEOL for a few years.

This publication provides an in depth assessment on ground-based aerosol optical intensity dimension with emphasis at the calibration factor. The evaluate is written in chronological series to render greater comprehension at the evolution of the classical Langley calibration from the prior to offer. It not just compiles the prevailing calibration equipment but in addition offers a unique calibration set of rules in Langley sun-photometry over low altitude websites which conventionally is a standard perform played at excessive observatory stations.

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Note that only three antennas (from a ring of 16) are shown, all other antennas are assumed to have not been triggered Fig. 18 Schematics showing two possible combinations of L1 and L2 triggers leading to a payload (L3) trigger. Blue crosses indicate L1 triggers, green shaded regions indicate L2 triggers, red dashes indicate the φ-sector for which an L3 trigger is assigned. Note that an L1 trigger in a nadir antenna automatically results in an L2 trigger for that sector and the two neighbouring sectors.

Nadir ring channels had typical thresholds of 200 kHz, 200 kHz, 200 kHz, 40 kHz for the low, mid, high and full band thresholds respectively. The level 1 (L1) trigger, still within the SURF mounted FPGA, can be thought of as an antenna wide trigger. Any signal triggering 2 of 3 sub-bands (low, mid, high) as well as the full band within a 10 ns window in a single channel caused an L1 trigger. This requirement of multiple sub-bands and the full band being above threshold meant that there must be some broadband aspect to the incident radiation (or thermal fluctuation) for it to have passed the L1 trigger.