Resumo em português A impregnação a vácuo (IV) tem sido estudada como uma alternativa para reduzir o tempo dos processos de salga aplicados a diversos alimentos. Neste trabalho, foi investigada a influência da aplicação de vácuo no processo de salga de cortes de peito de frango. Os cortes foram submersos em soluções com diferentes concentrações de NaCl para a avaliação de dois processos distintos de impregnação de sal: a) processo inteiramente a pressão atmosférica (IPA); e (mais) b) com aplicação de vácuo seguido do restabelecimento da pressão atmosférica (IV). A transferência de massa entre a amostra e a solução salina foi avaliada através das determinações de ganho de água (GA), ganho de sal (GS) e ganho de massa total (GM) pelas amostras submetidas à IV e à IPA. A comparação entre os processos de IV e IPA, com 6 horas de imersão, indicou que a utilização de um período inicial de vácuo pode incrementar o GA, GS e GM em 78, 25 e 54%, respectivamente. Isso se deve à contribuição sinérgica do mecanismo hidrodinâmico (HDM) aos mecanismos osmóticos e difusivos existentes. Deste modo, a IV pode ser considerada como uma alternativa de processo para a salga de cortes de carne de frango. No entanto, deve-se estar atento para que os ganhos de água e sal sejam compatíveis com as exigências legais e tecnológicas. Resumo em inglês Vacuum impregnation has been studied as an alternative for reducing time in the salting process applied to different kinds of food. In this study, the influence of vacuum application on the salting process of chicken breast cuts was evaluated. The chicken samples were submerged in solutions with different NaCl concentrations and two processes were evaluated: a) a process entirely under atmospheric pressure (API); and b) a process with vacuum application followed by atmosp (mais) heric pressure restoration (VI). Mass transfers were characterized by water gain (WG), salt gain (SG), and total weight increment (WI). The comparison between the VI and API processes, with 6 hours of immersion time, indicated that the utilization of an initial vacuum period can increase the WG, SG and WI in 78, 25 and 54%, respectively. This is due to the synergistic contribution of the hydrodynamic mechanisms (HDM) to the existing osmotic and diffusive mechanisms. Thus, VI can be considered as an alternative for the salting process of chicken cuts. However, special care must be taken in order to assure that water and salt increments are compatible with legal and technological requirements.

Resumo em português A soberania e o que ela significa é uma das questões menos discutidas hoje em politologia, aparecendo mesmo praticamente informulada em relações internacionais. Provavelmente podemos encontrar razões para isso no estrito empirismo e positivismo que marca hoje muitas das análises nesses saberes Todavia, talvez a razão principal se deva encontrar na forma como os racionais soberanos se impregnaram no corpo político moderno e contemporâneo, ao ponto de parecerem o a (mais) r que respiramos. O presente artigo visa precisamente desconstruir essa impregnação, tentando chamar a atenção para a duvidosa consistência praxista da soberania, trazendo a lume a sua arquitectura. Resumo em inglês Sovereignty and what it means is less discussed on Political Science and International Relations. May be we could justify it because of the empiric and positivism that even more support that studies. However, the main justification could be found on the way as the rational sovereigns has crossed the modern and contemporary political body - seems to be the air we breathe. This article will try to deconstruct this impregnation and to alert to the uncertain consistence of sovereignty by stressing its architecture.

Resumo em português O estudo anatômico do encéfalo em cortes é facilitado empregando-se métodos de coloração para substância cinzenta. Os métodos mais freqüentemente empregados são os de Barnard, Robert e Brown, Mulligan e Green. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar qual dessas técnicas apresenta melhores resultados com relação à diferenciação entre substâncias branca e cinzenta. Trinta cortes coronais de hemisfério cerebral humano foram submetidos às três técnicas, co (mais) mparados entre si e analisados de acordo com três parâmetros estabelecidos: grau de diferenciação entre as substâncias branca e cinzenta; presença de linha única e contínua separando a substância branca do córtex cerebral; grau de impregnação da coloração em outros locais de substância branca. Atribuíram-se pontuações de 0 a 3 conforme a presença destes parâmetros, cada corte recebendo pontuação total que variava de 0 a 9. Após análise estatística, a técnica de Barnard, Robert e Brown apresentou média 8,33; a de Green 7,93 e a de Mulligan, 7,5, com diferença estatisticamente significativa. Resumo em inglês Studing neuroanatomy at brain slices with gray matter staining techniques has several advantages. More often, the models described by Barnard, Robert and Brown, Mulligan, and Green are used. The aim of this study was to identify which of them achieves the best results on differentiation between the gray and the white matter. Thirty coronal slices of human brains underwent staining by the three techniques, and thus compared and analysed according this three parameters: deg (mais) ree of differentiation between white and gray matter, presence of a single and uninterrupted line dividing the white matter from the brain cortex; and degree of impregnation of the color staining in the white matter; scores from 0 to 3 have been given for the three parameters, with total score from 0 to 9. After statistic analysis, the Barnard, Robert and Brown model showed the best results, followed by Green's and Mulligan's.

Resumo em português Este texto, que faz parte de um estudo de caso que busca compreender as dinâmicas pedagógicas do cotidiano de uma escola de 1º ciclo da educação básica em Portugal, explora alguns aspectos da construção da profissionalidade docente, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com quatro professoras de uma escola pública localizada na cidade de Braga. A análise dos dados, pautadas na "impregnação" e "interpretação" como propostas por Michelat (1982), (mais) foi organizada em torno de quatro categorias: a formação inicial; o início da carreira docente; o exercício da profissão; e as ações de formação. É possível concluir que (i) a função docente continua se caracterizando por uma atividade solitária com as decorrências que lhe são próprias; (ii) a inexistência de estratégias de acolhimento dos novatos, associadas às dinâmicas de lotação profissional, impõe, aos professores, inícios profissionais, por vezes, desalentadores; (iii) as ações de formação, como continuam sendo oferecidas, consolidam-se mais como agências de titulações, que permitem vantagens nas progressões funcionais, do que como vetores das alterações das práticas curriculares. Tecem-se conjecturas em torno da adequação de se ter, nas escolas, profissionais experientes, a quem caberiam as tarefas de apoio aos iniciantes e, também, da importância da implantação de processos de formação profissional docente nas próprias unidades escolares, assentados na lógica da constituição de grupos de reflexões. Resumo em inglês The present text, part of a case study that seeks to understand the pedagogical dynamics of the daily school life in the 1st cycle of basic education in Portugal, explores some of the aspects of the construction of teaching professionalism based on a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with four teachers from a public school located in the city of Braga. Data analysis, grounded in "impregnation" and "interpretation" as proposed by Michelat (1982), was organized (mais) around four categories: teacher initial education; the start of the teacher career; the exercise of the profession; and actions of teacher education. It is possible to conclude that: (i) the function of a teacher continues to be characterized by solitary activities, with the consequences to be expected; (ii) the absence of strategies to welcome new teachers, associated to the dynamics of teacher placing, imposes upon them professional beginnings that are often discouraging; (iii) actions of teacher education, as they continue to be offered, have established themselves more as certifying agencies that help functional ascent than as vectors of changes in curriculum practices. Considerations are made about the advantages of having in the schools experienced professionals with the task of giving support to new teachers, and also about the importance of putting in place processes of teacher professional education inside the schools, based on the logic of the constitution of reflection groups.

Resumo em inglês Cu/Ni/gamma-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method with 2.5 or 5% wt of copper and 5 or 15% wt of nickel and applied in ethanol steam reforming. The catalysts were characterized by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, temperature programmed reduction with hydrogen and nitrogen adsorption. The samples showed low crystallinity, with the presence of CuO and NiO, both as crystallites and in dispersed phase, as well as of NiO-Al2O3. The cata (mais) lytic tests carried out at 400 ºC, with a 3:1 water/ethanol molar ratio, indicated the 5Cu/5Ni/Al2O3 catalyst as the most active for hydrogen production, with a hydrogen yield of 77% and ethanol conversion of 98%.

Resumo em inglês This study is a result of undergraduate student participation in the Environmental Chemistry discipline provided by the Chemistry Institute/UFBA. The students were involved in the development of passive samplers, a project of the LAQUAM (Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory). The students' residences and other neighborhoods were used to create a passive sampling network, allowing the measurement of atmospheric levels of pollutants in urban areas and in those unde (mais) r industrial influence. The assembly of the passive samplers, including impregnation of filters and chemical analysis were part of the students' practice tasks. The results were analyzed taking into consideration the Brazilian legislation.

Resumo em inglês Twenty BALB/c mice were inoculated with cell suspension of Ehrlich tumor. Ten mice were inoculated in the cushion plant (solid form) and the other 10 in the peritoneum (ascitic form). Animals were euthanized on different times (7 and 14 days). Cytological and histological slides, immunohistochemical (PCNA) analysis and NORs silver impregnation technique were performed. The results showed more proliferation on the 7th day in the ascitic form and on 14th day in the solid fo (mais) rm, using both analyses (PCNA and AgNORs). The alterations observed in the Ehrlich tumors proliferation activity suggested that the growth curve is different between ascitic and solid forms. In the first one, the proliferation peak occurs on the seventh day and in the solid tumor the growth curve was more delayed, showing increased proliferative potential after seven days.

Resumo em inglês The carbon dioxide reforming of methane was carried out over nickel catalysts supported on the gamma-Al2O3/CeO2 system prepared by wet impregnation. With the increase of the CeO2 weight in the catalyst, a higher stability was observed in the catalytic activity, together with an excellent resistance to carbon deposition and a better Ni dispersion. The catalysts were characterized by means of surface area measurements, TPR, H2 chemisorption, XRD, SEM, EDX, XPS and TEM. An i (mais) nteraction between Ni and CeO2 was observed to the Ni/CeO2 sample after activation in a H2 atmosphere above 300 ºC. Such behavior has a significantly influence on the catalytic activity.

Resumo em inglês The development of cobalt catalysts to produce hydrogen from ethanol is the goal of this investigation. Co/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by impregnation and characterized by atomic absorption, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, temperature programmed reduction and carbon analysis. The catalysts contained Co3O4 oxide and Co3+ and Co2+ species interacting with alumina. The cobalt load affects the crystal size and the crystalline structure and higher (mais) Co loads influence the reaction mechanism, changing the selectivity of the catalysts, decreasing the amount of CO produced and avoiding the formation of products catalyzed by the support. The ethanol conversion was 50-70% with 10-

Resumo em inglês The aim of this work was to explore the possibility of the application of a non-ionic resin obtained by impregnation of Alizarin Red S (VAS) in Amberlite XAD-7 for manganese, copper and zinc separation and preconcentration in saline matrices. For these system, the metals were quantitatively retained, in the pH range 8.5-10.0, by using 0.50 g of solid phase, stirring time of five minutes and a total mass up to 200 mug of each cation. The sorbed elements were subsequently eluted and a fifty-fold, ten-fold and ten-fold preconcentration factor for to Zn, Cu and Mn were obtained, respectively.

Resumo em inglês The A. presents some autographs showing the localization of phosphorus in osseous and dental tissues. The method has furnished a good histological location, absolutelly identical to the one obtained with silver impregnation. Autographs were made as soon as two hours after radiophosphate administration, pointing to a fast mineral equilibrium.

Resumo em inglês Mo-promoted Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for the methane steam reforming reaction were studied in this work. The Ni/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by precipitation and molibdenum was added by impregnation up to 2%wt. The solids were tested using a micro-reactor under two H2Ov/C conditions and were characterized by ICP-OES, XRD, N2 adsoption, H2 chemisorption and TPR. NiO and NiAl2O4 phases were observed and the metallic area decreased with the increase of the Mo content. From the ca (mais) talytic tests high stability was verified for H2Ov/C=4.0. On the other hand, only the catalyst containing 0,05% Mo stayed stable during 30 hours of the test at H2Ov/C=2.0.

Resumo em inglês The kinetic parameters for the CO oxidation reaction using copper/alumina-modified ceria as catalysts were determined. The catalysts with different concentrations of the metals were prepared using impregnation methods. In addition, the reduction-oxidation behaviour of the catalysts were investigated by temperature-programmed reduction. The activity results show that the mechanism for CO oxidation is bifunctional : oxygen is activated on the anionic vacancies of ceria surf (mais) ace, while carbon monoxide is adsorbed preferentially on the higher oxidation copper site. Therefore, the reaction occurs on the interfacial active centers. Temperatures-programmed Reduction patterns show a higher disperdion when cerium oxide is present.