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14 ALLAN HANCOCK MONOGRAPHS IN MARINE BIOLOGY
Rathbun (1930), whose synonymy has been followed by later workers,
including Garth (1957). It seems probable that the Chilean material
should be referred to Ovalipes trimaculatus (de Haan), but this requires
further confirmation.
Subfamily PORTUNINAE Stephenson and Campbell
Thalamitinae Borradaile, 1907, p. 483. Rathbun, 1930, p. 33.
Portuninae Stephenson and Campbell, 1960, p. 106. Not Alcock,
1899, pp. 7, 15 (= Macropipinae Stephenson and Campbell).
Carapace typically broad to very broad, 4-9 (in the American species
usually 9) anterolateral teeth. Basal article of antenna usually broad,
anteroexternal angle sometimes lobulated, flagellum sometimes included
in orbit. Legs shorter than chelipeds, last pair typical paddles.
The western American species of this subfamily, all of which possess
nine anterolateral teeth, have been placed by all recent authors in four
genera: Arenaeus, Callinectes, Cronius, and Portunus. Within the genus
Portunus recent American workers have followed Rathbun (1930)
in recognizing two subgenera: Portunus and Achelous. The present
study shows that there are eight closely related species of the genus in
western America and one species more distantly related, and further,
that within the eight closely related species there are Portunus forms
and Achelous forms and intermediates. The subgenera are not natural
groupings, and on this account Stephenson (in MS) has indicated that
subgeneric names should not be used. The details of the relationship of
the nine species to each other, to eastern American, and to Indo-west
Pacific species of the genus will be developed in a later paper.
Although Rathbun (1930) compared Cronius with Portunus, it is
much closer to Charybdis de Haan, a genus distributed throughout the
Indo-west Pacific area. The geographically closest species are Charybdis
erythrodactyla (Lamarck) from Hawaii and Cronius ruber (Lamarck)
from the Galapagos Islands and eastward to West Africa. These two
species also resemble each other morphologically, possessing common
features discussed under the latter genus and species, since Charybdis
does not occur within the area here considered.
Although objections have been raised to the continued recognition
of Callinectes (See Stephenson and Campbell, 1959), further work in
progress (Stephenson) suggests that the generic status of Callinectes
should be retained.

14 ALLAN HANCOCK MONOGRAPHS IN MARINE BIOLOGY
Rathbun (1930), whose synonymy has been followed by later workers,
including Garth (1957). It seems probable that the Chilean material
should be referred to Ovalipes trimaculatus (de Haan), but this requires
further confirmation.
Subfamily PORTUNINAE Stephenson and Campbell
Thalamitinae Borradaile, 1907, p. 483. Rathbun, 1930, p. 33.
Portuninae Stephenson and Campbell, 1960, p. 106. Not Alcock,
1899, pp. 7, 15 (= Macropipinae Stephenson and Campbell).
Carapace typically broad to very broad, 4-9 (in the American species
usually 9) anterolateral teeth. Basal article of antenna usually broad,
anteroexternal angle sometimes lobulated, flagellum sometimes included
in orbit. Legs shorter than chelipeds, last pair typical paddles.
The western American species of this subfamily, all of which possess
nine anterolateral teeth, have been placed by all recent authors in four
genera: Arenaeus, Callinectes, Cronius, and Portunus. Within the genus
Portunus recent American workers have followed Rathbun (1930)
in recognizing two subgenera: Portunus and Achelous. The present
study shows that there are eight closely related species of the genus in
western America and one species more distantly related, and further,
that within the eight closely related species there are Portunus forms
and Achelous forms and intermediates. The subgenera are not natural
groupings, and on this account Stephenson (in MS) has indicated that
subgeneric names should not be used. The details of the relationship of
the nine species to each other, to eastern American, and to Indo-west
Pacific species of the genus will be developed in a later paper.
Although Rathbun (1930) compared Cronius with Portunus, it is
much closer to Charybdis de Haan, a genus distributed throughout the
Indo-west Pacific area. The geographically closest species are Charybdis
erythrodactyla (Lamarck) from Hawaii and Cronius ruber (Lamarck)
from the Galapagos Islands and eastward to West Africa. These two
species also resemble each other morphologically, possessing common
features discussed under the latter genus and species, since Charybdis
does not occur within the area here considered.
Although objections have been raised to the continued recognition
of Callinectes (See Stephenson and Campbell, 1959), further work in
progress (Stephenson) suggests that the generic status of Callinectes
should be retained.