Approximately ____ percentage of spontaneous abortions result from extra or missing chromosomes.

A)

10

B)

25

C)

50

D)

75

3

The most common autosomal aneuploid is

A)

trisomy 13.

B)

trisomy 15.

C)

trisomy 18.

D)

trisomy 21.

4

A (an)____ chromosome has its centromere near a tip so that it has one long arm and one very short arm.

A)

metacentric

B)

submetacentric

C)

acrocentric

D)

none of the above

5

In a (an)____, the short arm of two acrocentric chromosomes break, and the long arms join, forming an unusual, long chromosome.

A)

Robertsonian translocation

B)

reciprocal translocation

C)

inversion

D)

duplication

6

An individual with two normal sets of autosomes and a single X chromosome has

A)

Down syndrome.

B)

Patau syndrome.

C)

Turner syndrome.

D)

Klinefelter syndrome.

7

This structure emanates from the centromere and contacts the spindle fibers during mitosis:

A)

alpha satellite

B)

subtelomere

C)

euchromatin

D)

kinetochore

8

Prenatal diagnostic techniques that obtain fetal chromosomes include all but

A)

amniocentesis.

B)

fetal cell sorting.

C)

chorionic villus sampling.

D)

fluorescence in situ hybridization.

9

When chromatids divide along the wrong plane, structures with identical arms called ____ are formed.

A)

ring chromosomes

B)

translocations

C)

isochromosomes

D)

satellites

10

In nondisjunction, which parent leads to the sex chromosome aneuploid XYY?

A)

mother

B)

father

C)

either parent

D)

both parents

11

____ contains protein-encoding genes.

A)

heterochromatin

B)

euchromatin

C)

pericentric inversions

D)

aneuploids

12

Our closest relative, according to karyotypes is the

A)

mouse.

B)

domestic cat.

C)

gorilla.

D)

chimpanzee.

13

An individual with the chromosomal description 45, X would be a

A)

normal female.

B)

female with Turner syndrome.

C)

male with Klinefelter syndrome.

D)

cannot be determined.

14

Heterochromatic regions at the ends of chromosomes are called

A)

centromeres.

B)

euchromatin.

C)

telomeres.

D)

satellites.

15

The photographic arrangement of chromosomes is called a (an)

A)

karyotype.

B)

idiogram.

C)

anagram.

D)

chromogram.

16

A triploid human karyotype has how many chromosomes?

A)

23.

B)

46.

C)

69.

D)

92.

17

Nondisjunction of chromosome 21 during meiosis II in human females can result in all of the following chromosome complements in a zygote except (assume the oocyte is fertilized by a sperm with a normal chromosome set)

A)

no chromosome 21.

B)

euploid for chromosome 21.

C)

monosomic for chromosome 21.

D)

trisomic for chromosome 21.

18

About 90% of trisomy 21 Down conceptions are due to nondisjunction during

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