Karen Malpede is an American playwright and director whose work reflects an ongoing interest in social justice issues. She is a co-founder of the Theater Three Collaborative in New York City, and teaches theater at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice. She is also the editor of a notable anthology, Women and Theater: Compassion and Hope (1984).[1]

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She was born in Wichita Falls, Texas, to a Jewish mother and an Italian-American father. Because of her dual background, Malpede has said, she never quite fit in with any one group, and that has had a freeing effect on her as a dramatist.[1] She earned a Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Wisconsin and a Master of Fine Arts degree in theater at the Columbia University School of the Arts.[2]

Malpede's first play, A Lament for Three Women, was published in A Century of Plays by American Women (Richards Rosen Press, 1979),[3] and she has been writing and producing plays ever since.[4] In 1995, she co-founded the Theater Three Collaborative with her husband, George Bartenieff, and the late Lee Nagrin, both actors. The purpose was to enable them "to produce plays that could not be produced elsewhere" because of their social justice themes. Her play Extreme Whether, for example, depicts the struggle of scientists to tell the truth about climate change in the face of opposition from the fossil fuel industry, while Another Life is about the U.S. government torture program.[4]

Malpede's one-man play, I Will Bear Witness, is adapted from the diaries of Victor Klemperer, a German Jew who documented the persecution of Jews in Dresden between 1933 and 1945.[5] The production, which she directed, won Obie Awards for acting and set design.[6]

1.
Wichita Falls, Texas
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Wichita Falls is a city in and the county seat of Wichita County, Texas, United States. Wichita Falls is the city of the Wichita Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Archer, Clay. According to the 2010 census, the city had a population of 104,553, of interest is the Newby-McMahon Building, constructed downtown in 1919 and featured in Robert Ripleys Ripleys Believe It or Not. The Choctaw Native Americans settled the area in the early 19th century from their native Mississippi area once Americans negotiated to relocate them after the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, American settlers arrived in the 1860s to form cattle ranches. The city was officially titled Wichita Falls on September 27,1872, on that day, a sale of town lots was held at what is now the corner of Seventh and Ohio Streets – the birthplace of the city. The Fort Worth & Denver City Railway arrived in September 1882, the city grew westwards from the original FW&DC train depot which was located at the northwest corner of Seventh Street and the FW&DC. This area is now referred to as the Depot Square Historic District, the early history of Wichita Falls well into the 20th century also rests on the work of two entrepreneurs, Joseph A. Kemp and his brother-in-law, Frank Kell. Kemp and Kell were pioneers in food processing and retailing, flour milling, railroads, cattle, banking, a flood in 1886 destroyed the original falls on the Wichita River for which the city was named. After nearly 100 years of wanting to visit the nonexistent falls. The recreated falls are 54 ft high and recirculate at 3,500 gallons per minute and they are visible to south-bound traffic on Interstate 44. The city is seeking funding to rebuild and restore the downtown area. Both firms continued to use a portion of their former refineries as gasoline/oil terminal facilities for many years, a devastating tornado hit the north and northwest portions of Wichita Falls along with Sheppard Air Force Base during the afternoon of April 3,1964. As the first violent tornado on record to hit the Wichita Falls area, it left seven dead, additionally, the tornado caused roughly $15 million in property damage with about 225 homes destroyed and another 250 damaged. It was rated as an F5, the highest rating on the Fujita scale, an F4 tornado struck the heavily populated southern sections of Wichita Falls in the late afternoon on Tuesday, April 10,1979. It was part of an outbreak that produced 30 tornadoes around the region and it left 20,000 people homeless and caused $400 million in damage, a U. S. record not topped by an individual tornado until the F5 Moore-Oklahoma City tornado of May 3,1999. Wichita Falls is about 15 miles south of the border with Oklahoma,115 mi northwest of Fort Worth, and 140 mi southwest of Oklahoma City. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 70.71 square miles. Wichita Falls experiences a subtropical climate, with some of the highest summer daily maximum temperatures in the entire U. S. outside of the Desert Southwest

2.
Social justice art
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Art has been used as a means to record history, shape culture, cultivate imagination, and harness individual and social transformation. It can not only be a means to generate awareness, social justice art, consequently allows people to develop agency to interrupt and alter oppressive systemic patterns or individual behaviors. Examples of visual and performing social justice art includes, drawing, painting, sculpture, murals, graffiti, film, theater, music, dance, spoken word, art has played a role in social justice education, community building, and social activism/social movements. It provides a language that gives voice to individuals and communities and is accessible across social boundaries. These examples can overlap and are not strictly confined to one specific category, two well-known art movements that have utilized art as a means to work towards social justice are the Black Arts Movement and Chicano art movement. Both movements began to enter into public consciousness during the 1960s, the Civil Rights Movement in combination with the Black Power Movement helped to propel the Black Arts Movement. One of the goals of this movement was to support Black Nationalism. This period produced an increase in Black poetry, literature, a few key figures of the movement were, author Marcus Garvey, author and artist Charles S. Johnson, revolutionary artist Emory Douglas, and social dancer and choreographer Katrina Hazzard-Gordon. The efforts to incorporate post-Mexican Revolution notions with current Mexican American social, political, murals are a form of visual art that experienced a rise in popularity during this movement. Chicana/Chicano mural art became a means of working towards political goals, challenging stereotypes, diego Rivera was one prominent figure who helped to establish Mexican muralism. An educational approach that focuses on fostering awareness of social injustices, social justice education saw its roots in the ideas of Paulo Freire, author of Pedagogy of the Oppressed. In his work, Freire highlights the theoretical ideas of critical pedagogy and this approach is relevant to social justice art education because it combines the critique of social injustices and the use of art as a mechanism to engage with social issues. Culturally relevant arts education is a model that emerged from Tubman Theater Project. The program gives them the opportunity to learn from rehearsing and performing plays based on their lived experiences and this framework incorporates six different pedagogies. Three of these are art related, arts production, aesthetics, CRAE engages both students and educators in a process in which they reflect on their social position in societal liberation and subjugation. Universities have employed social justice art education models within the art department, building community helps individuals come together to challenge inner oppressive dynamics that have been imposed by institutions, structures and bodies. These inner oppressive dynamics have been termed “social ghosts” have been referenced in dance literature, art for community building is a collective effort in which the art making process strengthens community ties

3.
Social justice
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Social justice is the fair and just relation between the individual and society. This is measured by the explicit and tacit terms for the distribution of wealth, opportunities for personal activity, in the current global grassroots movements for social justice, the emphasis has been on the breaking of barriers for social mobility, the creation of safety nets and economic justice. Social justice assigns rights and duties in the institutions of society, while the concept of social justice can be traced through the theology of Augustine of Hippo and the philosophy of Thomas Paine, the term social justice became used explicitly from the 1840s. A Jesuit priest named Luigi Taparelli is typically credited with coining the term, in the late industrial revolution, progressive American legal scholars began to use the term more, particularly Louis Brandeis and Roscoe Pound. In the later 20th century, social justice was made central to the philosophy of the social contract, in 1993, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action treats social justice as a purpose of the human rights education. The different concepts of justice, as discussed in ancient Western philosophy, were centered upon the community. Plato wrote in The Republic that it would be a state that every member of the community must be assigned to the class for which he finds himself best fitted. In an article for J. N. V University, author D. R, bhandari says, Justice is, for Plato, at once a part of human virtue and the bond, which joins man together in society. It is the quality that makes good and social. Justice is an order and duty of the parts of the soul, Plato says that justice is not mere strength, but it is a harmonious strength. Justice is not the right of the stronger but the harmony of the whole. All moral conceptions revolve about the good of the whole-individual as well as social, reflecting this time when slavery and subjugation of women was typical, ancient views of justice tended to reflect the rigid class systems that still prevailed. On the other hand, for the groups, strong concepts of fairness. Distributive justice was said by Aristotle to require that people were distributed goods, socrates is attributed with developing the idea of a social contract, whereby people ought to follow the rules of a society, and accept its burdens because they have accepted its benefits. After the Renaissance and Reformation, the concept of social justice, as developing human potential. The chief good is that he should arrive, together with other individuals if possible, all that extent of capacity which never fails to appear in revolutions. This is the highest abstract standard of social and distributive justice, towards which all institutions, and the efforts of all virtuous citizens, should be made in the utmost degree to converge. In the later 19th and early 20th century, social justice became an important theme in American political and legal philosophy, particularly in the work of John Dewey, Roscoe Pound, from this point, the discussion of social justice entered into mainstream legal and academic discourse

4.
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
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The John Jay College of Criminal Justice is a senior college of the City University of New York in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. John Jay was founded as the liberal arts college with a criminal justice. The college is known for its justice, forensic science, forensic psychology. In 1964, a committee convened by the Board of Higher Education recommended the establishment of an independent, the College of Police Science of the City University of New York was subsequently founded and admitted its first class in September 1965. Within a year, the school was renamed John Jay College of Criminal Justice to reflect broader education objectives, the schools namesake, John Jay, was the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court and one of the founding fathers of the United States. Jay was a native of New York City and served as governor of New York State, classes were originally held at the Police Academy on East 20th Street. Leonard E. Reisman served as president from 1964 to 1970, succeeded by Donald Riddle. In the spring of 1970, after President Nixon announced that the Cambodian Campaign would be extended, many other college campuses were home to student strikes across the nation. But the closing of John Jay College would ultimately be up to its students, at an impassioned student meeting, the final vote was 865–791 in favor of keeping the college open. In the summer of 1970, Professor Abe Blumberg made some criticisms of the FBI, one of his students, an FBI agent named Jack Shaw, examined the agencys role in American society in his masters thesis, granting that some of Blumbergs criticisms may have been valid. His paper found its way to Hoovers hands, who ordered that Shaw resign and told President Riddle that as long as Blumberg remained on the faculty, Riddle defended Blumberg, citing academic freedom. After Hoovers death in 1972, FBI agents began to enroll again at the college, the FBI later paid former agent Shaw $13,000 in back pay. CUNYs open admissions Program came into effect in the fall of 1970, adopting the Open Admissions policy meant that the University would now provide a place for any high school graduate who desired to attend. At John Jay, undergraduates numbered 2,600 in 1969,4,400 in 1970,6,700 in 1972, the size of the faculty grew by over 200% between 1970–1972. Moreover, the policy brought many more students to the College. The schools massive and sudden growth had a profound effect, more of the colleges budget went toward remedial programs to help transition underprepared freshmen. In addition, the college broadened its curriculum, expanding into liberal arts, majors including English, Math, American Studies, and Chemistry were introduced during this period in the early 1970s. The SEEK program developed during time as well, supporting students from underprivileged backgrounds who showed academic promise

5.
Climate change
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Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time. Climate change may refer to a change in weather conditions. Climate change is caused by such as biotic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics. Certain human activities have also identified as significant causes of recent climate change. Scientists actively work to understand past and future climate by using observations, more recent data are provided by the instrumental record. The most general definition of change is a change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over long periods of time. Accordingly, fluctuations over periods shorter than a few decades, such as El Niño, the term climate change is often used to refer specifically to anthropogenic climate change. Anthropogenic climate change is caused by activity, as opposed to changes in climate that may have resulted as part of Earths natural processes. In this sense, especially in the context of environmental policy, within scientific journals, global warming refers to surface temperature increases while climate change includes global warming and everything else that increasing greenhouse gas levels affect. A related term is climatic change, in 1966, the World Meteorological Organization proposed the term climatic change to encompass all forms of climatic variability on time-scales longer than 10 years, regardless of cause. Change was a given and climatic was used as an adjective to describe this kind of change, when it was realized that human activities had a potential to drastically alter the climate, the term climate change replaced climatic change as the dominant term to reflect an anthropogenic cause. Climate change was incorporated in the title of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate change, used as a noun, became an issue rather than the technical description of changing weather. On the broadest scale, the rate at which energy is received from the Sun and this energy is distributed around the globe by winds, ocean currents, and other mechanisms to affect the climates of different regions. Factors that can shape climate are called climate forcings or forcing mechanisms, there are a variety of climate change feedbacks that can either amplify or diminish the initial forcing. Some parts of the system, such as the oceans and ice caps, respond more slowly in reaction to climate forcings. There are also key factors which when exceeded can produce rapid change. Forcing mechanisms can be internal or external. Internal forcing mechanisms are natural processes within the system itself

6.
Torture and the United States
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After the U. S. dismissed United Nations concerns about torture in 2006, one UK judge observed Americas idea of what is torture. Does not appear to coincide with that of most civilized nations, a two-year study by U. S. independent group The Constitution Project concluded that it was indisputable that U. S. Torture is illegal and punishable within U. S. territorial bounds, prosecution of abuse occurring on foreign soil, outside of usual U. S. territorial jurisdiction, is difficult. It is debated as to whether or not torture as a punishment falls under the cruel, the text of the Amendment states that, Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. The U. S. Supreme Court has held since at least the 1890s that punishments which involved torture are forbidden under the Eighth Amendment, an act of torture committed outside the United States by a U. S. national or a non-U. S. National who is present in the United States is punishable under 18 U. S. C, testimony coerced through humiliating or degrading treatment would be admissible in the tribunals. Because of that, critics describe the MCA as an amnesty law for crimes committed during the War on Terror, in late 2006, the military issued updated U. S. Army Field Manuals on intelligence collection and counterinsurgency. S. Torture in all forms is banned by the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and it has neither signed nor ratified the Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture. International law defines torture during a conflict as a war crime. It also mandates that any person involved in ordering, allowing, people living as slaves were regulated both in their service and when walking in public by legally authorized violence. On large plantations, slave overseers were authorized to whip and brutalize noncompliant slaves, slave codes authorized, indemnified or even required the use of violence and were long criticized by abolitionists for their brutality. Lynching was an act of murder, torture, and mutilation carried out by crowds. Victims were usually black men, often accused of acting uppity towards, assaulting, having sex with, the documented murders of 4,743 people who were lynched in the United States between 1882 and 1968 were not often publicized. It is likely many more unrecorded lynchings occurred during and after this period which influenced The Great Migration of 6.5 million African Americans away from southern states. A 1970s lynching site found in Noxubee County, Mississippi, a location central to regional mob violence, most lynchings were inspired by unsolved crime, racism, and innuendo. 3,500 of its victims were African Americans, lynchings took place in every state except four, but were concentrated in the Cotton Belt. Forms of violence and torture also included genital mutilation, strangulation, maiming, despite numerous attempts to do so, federal anti-lynching legislation was consistently defeated. In 1910 the direct application of violence in order to force a confession became a media issue

7.
Victor Klemperer
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His journals covering the period of the Third Reich have since become standard sources, and have been extensively quoted by Saul Friedländer, Michael Burleigh, Richard J. Evans and Max Hastings. Klemperer was born in Landsberg an der Warthe to a Jewish family and his parents were Dr. Wilhelm Klemperer, a rabbi, and Henriette née Frankel. He was brother to the physicians Felix Klemperer and Georg Klemperer, cousin to the conductor Otto Klemperer, and first cousin once removed to Ottos son, in 1903 Klemperer converted to Protestantism for the first time, shortly thereafter returning to Judaism, before his second conversion in 1912. He completed his doctorate in 1913 and was habilitated under the supervision of Karl Vossler in 1914, from 1914 to 1915, Klemperer lectured at the University of Naples, after which he became a decorated military volunteer in World War I. From 1920 he was Professor of Romance Languages at the Technical University of Dresden, despite his conversion to Protestantism in 1912 and his strong identification with German culture, Klemperers life started to worsen considerably after the Nazis seizure of power in 1933. Klemperers diary, which he kept up throughout the Nazi era, two of the three volumes of his diaries that have been published in English translations, I Shall Bear Witness and To the Bitter End, concern this period. This diary also details the Nazis perversion of the German language for purposes in entries that Klemperer used as the basis for his postwar book LTI - Lingua Tertii Imperii. He also gives accounts of suicides, household searches, and evacuations of friends, although this is one of the phrases most evocative of Klemperers despair over the corruption of German culture, his sense of who and what was truly German evolved considerably during the war. In 1933 the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service was passed removing all non-Aryan professors from their profession and this exemption allowed Klemperer to continue in his position a little longer, although without the right to use the University library or other faculty privileges. However Klemperer was gradually forced out of his job and forced to retire, although he was allowed to keep part of his pension, the money quickly ran out and he and his wife had to take cleaning jobs. The couple lost their right to drive and had to sell their car, eventually the Klemperers were forced to put down their household cat, a tomcat named Muschel, because of a restriction as to Jews ownership of pets. One of the Nazi laws forced every Jewish female or male to add Sarah or Israel, respectively, as a middle name on all official documents. That same year Klemperer was so dismayed with the spread of antisemitism, even among those who professed to be against the Nazis, but in the end his connection to his fatherland was too strong even after the Kristallnacht in November 1938. During the pogrom their house was searched by Nazis who found Klemperers saber from World War I - almost causing his arrest, only at this point he concedes that No one can take my Germanness away from me, but my nationalism and patriotism are gone forever. Yet, even so he could not get himself to leave Germany, since his wife, Eva, was Aryan, Klemperer avoided deportation, often narrowly, but in 1940, he and his wife were rehoused under miserable conditions in a Jews House with other mixed couples. Only because of his wife the couple were able to procure food enough to subsist, on 13 February 1945, the day preceding the night bombing of Dresden, Klemperer assisted in delivering notices of deportation to some of the last remaining members of the Jewish community in Dresden. He and his wife survived, and Klemperers diary narrates their return, largely on foot through Bavaria and Eastern Germany, to their house in Dölzschen and they managed to reclaim the house, which had been aryanised under the Nazis. After the war, Klemperer joined the communist Socialist Unity Party of Germany and his former friend, historian Johannes Kühn, who had severed connections with Klemperer upon his dismissal from the University of Dresden, welcomed him back as if nothing had happened

8.
Wellesley College
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Wellesley College is a private womens liberal arts college located west of Boston in the town of Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1870 by Henry and Pauline Durant, it is a member of the original Seven Sisters Colleges, Wellesley is home to 56 departmental and interdepartmental majors spanning the liberal arts, as well as over 150 student clubs and organizations. The college is known for allowing its students to cross-register at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Brandeis, Babson College. Wellesley athletes compete in the NCAA Division III New England Womens and Mens Athletic Conference, in 2016, Wellesley was ranked the third best liberal arts college in the United States by U. S. News & World Report and first on The Princeton Review Best Professors list. Also, Forbes magazine in 2015 ranked Wellesley 26th among all U. S. colleges and universities. Wellesley is currently the highest endowed womens college in the world, with an endowment of nearly $1.8 billion, notable alumnae include Hillary Rodham Clinton, Madeleine Albright, Soong Mei-ling, Cokie Roberts, and Diane Sawyer. Its charter was signed on March 17,1870, by Massachusetts Governor William Claflin, the original name of the college was the Wellesley Female Seminary, its renaming to Wellesley College was approved by the Massachusetts legislature on March 7,1873. Wellesley first opened its doors to students on September 8,1875, the first president of Wellesley was Ada Howard. The original architecture of the college consisted of one large building, College Hall. From its completion in 1875 until its destruction by fire in 1914, on March 17,1914, College Hall was destroyed by fire, the precise cause of which was never officially established. The fire was first noticed by students who lived on the floor near the zoology laboratory. It has been suggested that an electrical or chemical accident in this laboratory—specifically, a group of residence halls, known as the Tower Court complex, are located on top of the hill where the old College Hall once stood. After the loss of the central College Hall in 1914, the adopted a master plan in 1921. The campus hosted a Naval Reserve Officer training program during the Second World War and began to revise its curriculum after the war. The 500-acre campus includes Lake Waban, evergreen and deciduous woodlands and he also wrote, I must admit that the exceedingly intricate and complex topography and the peculiarly scattered arrangement of most of the buildings somewhat baffled me. The original master plan for Wellesleys campus landscape was developed by Olmsted, Arthur Shurcliff and this landscape-based concept represented a break from the architecturally-defined courtyard and quadrangle campus arrangement that was typical of American campuses at the time. The most recent master plan for Wellesley College was completed in 1998 by Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates, according to the designers, this plan was intended to restore and recapture the original landscape character of the campus that had been partially lost as the campus evolved through the 20th century. In 2011, Wellesley was listed by Travel+Leisure as one of the most beautiful campuses in the United States

9.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946

A schematic of modern thermohaline circulation. Tens of millions of years ago, continental-plate movement formed a land-free gap around Antarctica, allowing the formation of the ACC, which keeps warm waters away from Antarctica.

Comparisons between Asian Monsoons from 200 AD to 2000 AD (staying in the background on other plots), Northern Hemisphere temperature, Alpine glacier extent (vertically inverted as marked), and human history as noted by the U.S. NSF.