Disorders

BRUXISMThere is a high prevalence of nocturnal teeth grinding, or bruxism, in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), particularly in Caucasians. New research presented at CHEST 2009, the 75th annual international scientific assembly of the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), found that nearly 1 in 4 patients with OSA suffers from nighttime teeth grinding; this seems to be especially more prevalent in men and in Caucasians compared with other ethnic groups. READ MORE

CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISORDERSCircadian rhythm sleep disorders all involve a problem in the timing of when a person sleeps and is awake. The human body has a master circadian clock in a control center of the brain known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). This internal clock regulates the timing of such body rhythms as body temperature, alertness, appetite, hormone secretion etc. as well as sleep timing. People with circadian rhythm sleep disorders are unable to sleep and wake at normal times. They are generally able to get enough sleep if allowed to sleep and wake at the times dictated by their body clocks. Unless they also have another sleep disorder, their sleep is of normal quality. READ MORE

HYPERSOMINAHypersomnia, or excessive sleepiness, is a condition in which a person has trouble staying awake during the day. People who have hypersomnia can fall asleep at any time; for instance, at work or while they are driving. They may also have other sleep-related problems, including a lack of energy and trouble thinking clearly. According to the National Sleep Foundation, up to 40% of people have some symptoms of hypersomnia from time to time. READ MORE

INSOMINA Insomnia is a common sleep disorder. People who have insomnia have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. Insomnia can be acute (short-term) or chronic (ongoing). Acute insomnia is common and often is brought on by situations such as stress at work, family pressures, or a traumatic event. Acute insomnia lasts for days or weeks. READ MORE

NARCOLEPSYNarcolepsy is a chronic neurological condition which impairs the ability of the central nervous system to regulate sleep. Individuals with narcolepsy typically experience disturbed sleep (often confused with insomnia) and abnormal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. READ MORE

NIGHT TERRORSA night terror is a sleep disruption that seems similar to a nightmare, but with a far more dramatic presentation. During a typical night, sleep occurs in several stages. Each is associated with particular brain activity, and it's during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage that most dreaming occurs. Night terrors happen during deep non-REM sleep. Unlike nightmares (which occur during REM sleep), a night terror is not technically a dream, but more like a sudden reaction of fear that happens during the transition from one sleep phase to another. READ MORE

RLS - RESTLESS LEGS Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by throbbing, pulling, creeping, or other unpleasant sensations in the legs and an uncontrollable, and sometimes overwhelming, urge to move them. Symptoms occur primarily at night when a person is relaxing or at rest and can increase in severity during the night. Moving the legs relieves the discomfort. Often called paresthesias (abnormal sensations) or dysesthesias (unpleasant abnormal sensations), the sensations range in severity from uncomfortable to irritating to painful. READ MORE

PLMD - PERIODIC LIMB MOVEMENT DISORDERPeriodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) is a condition in which a person's legs or arms twitch or move involuntarily and periodically during sleep. PLMD is not the same as normal night muscle spasms, or jerks, that occasionally occur when a person is falling asleep. The limb movements typically occur 20 to 30 seconds apart, 5 or more times an hour, on and off throughout the night during periods of non-REM sleep. The rhythmic episodes usually involve a partial flexing of the big toe, ankle, knee, and occasionally, the hips. READ MORE

SLEEP APENASleep apnea is a common disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep. Sleep apnea usually is a chronic (ongoing) condition that disrupts your sleep. This results in poor sleep quality that makes you tired during the day. Sleep apnea is one of the leading causes of excessive daytime sleepiness. READ MORESLEEP WALKING Sleepwalking — also known as somnambulism — is a sleep disorder that causes people to get up and walk while sleeping. Episodes of sleepwalking typically occur when a person is in the deep stages of sleep. The sleepwalker is unable to respond during the event and does not remember sleep walking. In some cases, sleepwalking is associated with incoherent talking. Sleepwalking occurs most commonly in childhood but can last into adulthood. Genetics, medications, medical conditions and other sleep disorders are factors that may contribute to or cause sleepwalking. READ MORE

SNORINGWhen we are asleep, the area at the back of the throat sometimes narrows. The air passing through this smaller opening can cause the tissues surrounding the opening to vibrate, which in turn can cause the sounds of snoring. The narrowing can be in the nose, mouth, or throat. Although not everyone who snores is experiencing difficulty breathing, snoring in combination with other conditions such as overweight and obesity has been found to be highly predictive of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) risk. The loudness of the snoring is not indicative of the severity of obstruction. The sign that is most suggestive of Sleep Apnea occurs when snoring stops, because breathing has stopped. READ MORE

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