"Urzad" means "office" in Polish. "gmina (district)" is a sub-administrative unit like an uezd or county. "region" is similar to a "province" or guberniya or state. 1 hectare roughly equals about 2 acres.

The Lauder Foundation Genealogy Project at the Jewish Historical Institute of Poland ULICA Tlomackie 3/5 00-090 Warsaw, Poland tel/fax: (011-48-22) 625-0400 Director Yale J. Reisner The foundation has cemetery lists for Kalisz, Bielsko-Biala, Zabrze, Warsaw (only partial), Pilica and several others. The Jewish Historical Institute only produced the Kalisz list in-house. Others produced the others with copies shared with the Institute for reference. HOWEVER, Yale's friend and colleague, Jacek Proszyk, the Bielsko-Biala Jewish community's historian and holder of the index copyright, prepared the Bielsko-Biala list. The Project is a non-profit educational endeavor of the Ronald S. Lauder Foundation, the Jewish Historical Institute Association and the Jewish Historical Research Institute. For Warsaw, the Jewish Historical Institute Archives only have about 4000 names. Warsaw cemetery director Boleslaw Szenicer (Cmentarz Zydowski, ulica Okopowa 49/51, Warszawa, Poland) has over 40,000 names in his database so far. [date?] He welcomes inquiries. The 4000 we have and the 40,000 he has do NOT overlap; however, they are different sections of the cemetery. Source: Yale Reisner.

WORLD WAR I-WAR CEMETERIES: Erich Fritsch and a friend are documenting Austrian-Hungarian war cemeteries erected in WWI. In doing this, they also found Jewish war cemeteries built by the former K.u.K.Militaerkommando Krakau, Kriegsgraeberabteilung (established in Nov.1915). From 1915 to 1918, this Kriegsgraeberabteilung built 400 cemeteries in Western Galicia (now part of Poland). For Jewish members of the Austro-Hungarian Army d 13 "Kriegerfriedhoefe" (war cemeteries) were erected. They are listed in Die Westgalizischen Heldengraeber aus den Jahren des Weltkrieges 1914-1915 ; edited by Major Rudolf Broch and Hauptmann Hans Hauptmann in Vienna 1918. The registration and page numbers refer to this book. Some of the buildings he has seen are mostly not in a very good shape, ruined by Germans, Poles and overgrowth. Nowadays, Polish authorities try hard to save what is possible. Source: Erich Fritsch

Gostinski, Zalman. Shteiner Dertzeilin [Stones Will Tell]. Paris: ___, 1973. in Yiddish and French. 1961-1967 photographs of a number of Jewish cemeteries in Southern Poland. Surviving synagogues were also photographed. Almost all of the towns visited were in Austrian Galicia in the 19th century.

Krajewskae, Monika. Czas Kamieni (Jewish Cemetery Monuments in Poland). Warsaw: Interpress, 1982. 164 pages text in Polish. edited by Anna Kamienska, 164 photos of Jewish cemetery monuments. The photos are indexed with the name of the town where the cemetery is located. Some of the towns included are Szydlowiec, Sieniawa, Lubaczow, Nowy Wisnicz, Bochnia, Lesko, Lodz, Tykocin, Otwock, Krakow, Tarnow, Zwierzyniec, Warsaw, Lublin, Zabno, etc. source: Jewishgen The above book (in Polish) lists 890 Jewish cemeteries in contemporary Poland. The book is based on computerized file system the author has built. Each record has such data as location, size, number of existing matzevot, the oldest grave, contact person. Source: Michael Halber

Lewin, Louis, 1868-1941 Papers, [ca. 1888-1941] Description: .2 linear ft. Notes: Rabbi, historian. Lewin lived in Poland, Germany, and Palestine. ... and photographs of towns in Poland, cemeteries, synagogues, and unidentified subjects resulting from his research into the history of German and Polish Jews. Of note is a manuscript copy of the diary of Rabbi Yoselmann of Rosheim, as printed in the REVUE DES ETUDES JUIVES (XVI, 1888). YIVO collections are in Yiddish, Russian, Polish, English, Hebrew, and other European and non-European languages. Location: YIVO Institute for Jewish Research, New York, NY. Control No.: NXYH89-A645 [December 2000]

They Lived Among Us: Polish Judaica , a travel brochure: Arline Sachs, extracted names of townstaht supposedly having Jewish cemeteries. These generally have names only; sometimes a description of famous people who lived there, but no page number.

Tragger, Mathilde. Printed Books on Jewish cemeteries in the Jewish National and University Library in Jerusalem: an annotated bibliography . Jerusalem: The Israel Genealogical Society, 1997.

Weiner, Miriam. Jewish Roots in Poland, Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories . Routes to Roots Foundation, Inc, Secaucus, NJ. Cemeteries are only a tiny part of this book's resources. Contains many cemetery photos.

"Cemeteries in Poland", mainly Jewish: contains information from "The Map of Jews in Poland" with text by Iwona Brzewska and Renata Pitkowska. Translated by Jan K. Milencki. Source: Roman Padula, who also has pictures of a number of cemeteries.

The regional museum in Tarnow has a website in Polish with a section called Judaika Tarnowskie. In this section is an article, in English, called "Jewish War Cemeteries in Western Galicia" written by the museum's director Mr. Adam Bartosz. [July 2005]

NOTE: Books previously listed as sources for various towns have been cited at the town itself including the citations compiled by Elaine B. Kolinsky for Gruber, Ruth Ellen. Jewish Heritage Travel A Guide to East-Central Europe . New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992. [January 2001]