Units

pm

Notes

This is a self-consistent system of additive covalent radii, R(AB)=r(A) + r(B), set up for the periodic table, Z = 3+112. The primary bond lengths, R, are taken from experimental or theoretical data corresponding to chosen group valencies. All elements and all admitted data points are treated as equal. Radii were then obtained self-consistently through a least-squares fit. Specific molecular coordination numbers and oxidation states are chosen for each element involved.

Select from the following links to see visual periodicity representations for atomic radii, covalent radii, and van der Waals radii. Ionic radii are also available.