Charlotte Wilson

(1854 - 1944)

Description

Charlotte M. Wilson was an English Fabian and anarchist who co-founded Freedom newspaper in 1886 with Peter Kropotkin, and edited, published, and largely financed it during its first decade. She remained editor of Freedom until 1895.

Born Charlotte Mary Martin, she was the daughter of a well-to-do physician, Robert Spencer Martin. She was educated at Newnham College at Cambridge University. She married Arthur Wilson, a stockbroker, and the couple moved to London. Charlotte Wilson joined the Fabian Society in 1884 and soon joined its Executive Committee.

At the same time she founded an informal political study group for 'advanced' thinkers, known as the Hampstead Historic Club (also known as the Karl Marx Society or The Proudhon Society[2]). This met in her former early 17th century farmhouse, called Wyldes, on the edge of Hampstead Heath.[3] No records of the club survive but there are references to it in the memoirs of several of those who attended. In her history of Wyldes Mrs Wilson records the names of some of those who visited the house, most of whom are known to have been present at Club meetings.[4] They included Sidney Webb, George Bernard Shaw, Sydney Olivier, Annie Besant, Graham Wallas, Belfort Bax, Edward Pease, E. Nesbit, Hubert Bland, Karl Pearson, Havelock Ellis, Edward Carpenter, Frank Podmore, Ford Madox Brown, and Olive Schreiner among others. The secretary was Emma Brooke.

The Club first turned its attention to studying Das Kapital read out by a Russian woman in French, and later turned to Proudhon. In 1889 George Bernard Shaw described the Club discussions and how heated they became.[5] Although the Fabian Society and Hampstead Historic Club contained many of the same people, they remained separate. The ideas debated by the Club resulted in the publication of Fabian Essays in Socialism in 1889. This led Shaw to describe Hampstead, and the meetings, as 'the birthplace of middleclass socialism.'.[6]

From : Wikipedia.org

Works

This person has authored 231 documents, with 259,084 words or 1,583,140 characters.

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,000 Words / 5,974 Characters)
ACROSS THE NORTH SEA.
WE are a mixed race, we English, and perhaps the mixture of which we have most reason to be proud is our strain of Norse blood, our kinship with the Scandinavians.
We are accustomed in our childish history books to read of the "Danes" and their continual invasions of England as if these human beings, many of whom came from Norway and not Denmark at all, were a mere swarm of locusts, seeking what they might devour. Certainly their resolute efforts to obtain a share of the soil and wealth of Britain from the earlier settlers were frequently attended with destruction of life and of peaceful industry. Those old Norsemen cared as little for the life of the man or woman of an alien community as their descendant, the ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (289 Words / 1,943 Characters)
ALL IN ALL.
When all the night is horrible with clamor
Of voiceless curses darker than the night,
When light of sun there is not, neither star-shine
Nor any beacon on the hill of right
Shine, O thou light of life, upon our pathway,
Freedom, be thou our light!Since all life's ways are difficult and dreary
And false steps echo through eternity,
And there is naught to lean on as we journey
By paths not smooth ac downward ways would be
We have no other help, we need no other
Freedom, we lean on thee.The slaves' base murmur and the threats of tyrants,
The voice of cowards who cringe and cry "Retreat!"
The whisper of the world, "Come where power call... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (487 Words / 3,066 Characters)
ANARCHISM IN SOUTH AMERICA.
A correspondent writes to us from Buenos Ayres:
I send you a copy of a handbill circulated by Anarchists of Buenos Ayres after a meeting of sympathy and grief for the victims of Chicago. It will probably interest your readers to know that something is doing here, though it is not very much yet. I who write have been for some time a Socialist, though not an Anarchist, as I did not understand Anarchism. I think I am an Anarchist now, and the crime of Chicago has done more than anything else to make me study the subject."
After relating the circumstances of the tragedy, with which our readers are familiar, the handbill continues:
... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (1,328 Words / 8,609 Characters)
INDIVIDUALIST Anarchism " is a round square, a contradiction in set terms. As a cube is not a ball, so " Individualism " is not Anarchism.
What then, is Individualism? It is the chaos of to-day in social and industrial life, which has sprung from the licentious play of self-will Self-will is the will to be somewhat, and to have hold and sway something in isolation from other such wills, and in opposition to them. Property, dominion, government, law, are embodiments of this self will.
Individualism is this striving, grabbing, over-reaching, and self-seeking of atoms, that seek to possess human individuality, but go about their quest the wrong way. It calls it... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (953 Words / 5,869 Characters)
ANARCHISM V. REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.
Conclusion of Bruce Glasier's Letter.*
Regarding the election or appointment of directors or administrators in 9, communal society, I need say little. That such will always be necessary where society and industry, exist, I believe. That it is advisable, even if it were possible, that the persons required to direct social and industrial concerns could always be appointed on the moment, I fail to see. Nor can I understand how it is possible that in every am such appointments would meet with the approval of everybody. The same reasoning that applies to laws and majorities applies to this matter also. I heartily agree with you, however, in thinking that foremen and overseers such as we have today wi...

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,327 Words / 8,055 Characters)
ANARCHIST COMMUNISM DEFINED AND DEFENDED.
[Comrade H. Davis or the Socialist League, delivered a lecture having this title, at 13 Farringdom Road, under the auspices of the Clerkenwell Branch of the Socialist League, on the 22nd of last month.]
IN all discussions on this subject, said be, whether our opponents be of the most generous or the most hostile sort, Anarchy, is, they admit, the highest form of civilization conceivable. Anarchy has been defined by an intelligent opponent as "a state of Society in which each individual is a law unto himself." A grand, but an impossible ideal, we are told, this is when looked at from the imperfections of to-day. Now opposition to most schemes for a reorganization of Society are urged from... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (446 Words / 2,786 Characters)
ANARCHIST COMMUNISM OR SOCIAL DEMOCRACY.
FROM A SOCIAL DEMOCRAT.
In the July number of "Freedom" you state in reply to Comrade Underwood, a member of the Social Democratic Federation, that if he or any other Social Democrat will state his objections to Anarchist Communism, you will gladly answer them. Underwood not having sent in his objections, I take this opportunity of stating what I conceive to be some of the serious drawbacks to the realization of your ideals. In the first place, if I understand you rightly, Anarchists are against all laws and government. Now what do we Social Democrats mean by law; a common sense regulation, in conformity, with the best interests of the community, every adult having a v... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (475 Words / 3,076 Characters)
AN ANARCHIST COMMUNITY.
(From a Correspondent.)
So strong and so widespread are the pretensions of "governments" to-day, that it is difficult for any civilized community to remain anarchistic without being interfered with or "annexed" by one or the other of them. it is therefore interesting to discover from the 'Colonial Office List' (Harrison & Sons) that the British empire includes at least one successful anarchist commune. Judging train the following account it is in no need of the so-called indispensable "laws" of majority rule. We hope it may be long before busybody philanthropy imposes any such chains upon it.
"Tristan d'Acunha and Gough Island are the principal of a group of islands lying in la... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (432 Words / 2,805 Characters)
ANARCHIST LITERATURE.
THERE is a sad lack of Anarchist pamphlets in England, and we gladly welcome our comrade Joseph Lane's contribution of 'An Anti-Statist Communist Manifesto' (price 1d., Joseph Lane, 38, Ainsley Street, Bethnal Green Junction, E.), which is an energetic and earnest exposition of Anarchist Socialism from a worker's standpoint. The second portion, which deals with practical politics, is specially interesting. We hope the tract will have a wide circulation. But is it not a pity to use the somewhat clumsy title 'Anti-Statist' rather than the more definite and expressive 'Anarchist'? Why evade the fine old name which for years has rung out in the van of the Socialist movement throughout the world? It is flung at every e... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (333 Words / 2,079 Characters)
ANARCHIST LITERATURE.
We have received from Eau Claire, Wisconsin, a pamphlet by C. L. James, entitled 'Anarchy, a Tract for the Times,' which contains an able exposition of the principles of Anarchy. We cannot endorse all conclusions of the author, but we admire the concise and excellent manner in which he summarizes the, origins of Government and Capital.
'System of Economical Contradictions,' by P. J. Proudhon, translated from the French by Benj. Tucker. (Proudhon Library, published monthly at Boston). We earnestly recommend the reading of this work to those who know Proudhon only by the bitter pamphlet of Marx. Those who seek in books matter for independent thought surely will find few mor... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (253 Words / 1,640 Characters)
ANARCHIST SCHOOLS IN CHICAGO.
A special dispatch from Chicago, Ill., says: The Anarchists in Chicago are becoming more bold, and scarcely a day passes now but that some meeting of theirs or some secret work is exposed....The fact has also been brought out that the Anarchists have established a number of schools here, and are endeavoring to establish more, at which the teachings of Johann Most are to be the text books. In the rear of a liquor store at Lincoln Avenue and Halsted Street, a reporter found seated around the low, dingy room about 120 children, from five to fourteen years of age, listening intently to what their teacher was explaining of the teachings of Most. He told the little ones that Spies and P... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (784 Words / 4,709 Characters)
THE ANARCHISTS OF NORWAY
A SKETCH
(Front our Norwegian correspondent.)
IN one of the highest parts of Norway, in the wide and beautiful Osterdalen (East Valley), there lies a large and rich country named Tynset. The winters are long and very cold up there, but it is a summer resort, and people from all parts of the country, but mostly from England arid other foreign lands, come up the fjord in steamers to breathe the fresh and healthy mountain air.
This remarkable place is the bead-quarters of the Anarchist movement in mountainous Norway. That is to say, that in this place the Norwegian Anarchist paper Fedraheimen is published. The present editor-in-chief Rasmus Steinsvik, is living in a little cottage, very l... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (3,942 Words / 22,126 Characters)
ANARCHY VERSUS SOCIAL DEMOCRACY
ON the evening of Sunday August 25th the hall of the Patriotic Club, Clerkenwell Green, London, E.C., was well-filled by Socialists anxious to bear the debate between our comrade John Turner, Anarchist Communist, and HERBERT Burrows, the Social Democrat.
MORRISON DAVIDSON, who occupied the chair. said be sympathized with both Anarchists and Social Democrats. Anything that taught the English people to revolt against authority was, in his opinion, good. Anarchy was not as the ignorant imagined a synonym for disorder. Those who advocated it regarded. it as the highest form of order. They regarded Law as an evil in itself. They regarded the government of the majority as little better than the governmen... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (2,216 Words / 13,295 Characters)
ANOTHER TURN OF THE SCREW.
THE grip of capital Upon the workers is like the grip of the thumb-screw upon some wretched victim in the torture chamber of past ages. Deeper and deeper it squeezes into their lives, crushing out endurance. One of the later turns of this pitiless screw is the concentration of industrial control. Socialists have long noted a growing tendency towards this latest form of tyranny, but lately it appears to have started forward with new vigor. Remarkable changes are daily taking place in industry, changes which are rapidly preparing the way for that tremendous social change that the workers call the Coming Revolution,
Few realize how fast the small capitalist employer is now being swept away by the competit... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (734 Words / 4,407 Characters)
THE APPROACHING REVOLUTION.
(From our Paris correspondent).
THE great electoral agitation is over. The Government triumphs; Boulangism, conquered for the time being, foams at the mouth, and the worker who has just, according to his habit, again selected his masters. sees with anxiety the approach of winter, that season so hard for the world of the poor. A few days more will see the close of the Exhibition when Paris will be filled with its unemployed clerks and workmen. A critical moment will have arrived, Where will these men find work and bread? All these workless ones entering into deadly competition with one another will render it very probable that serious complications will arise.
To prevent an insurrection of hunger ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (2,023 Words / 12,348 Characters)
ARE WE GOOD ENOUGH?
ONE of the commonest objections to Communism is, that men are not good enough to live under a Communist state of things. They would not submit to a compulsory Communism, but they are not yet ripe for free, Anarchistic Communism. Centuries of individualistic education have rendered them too egotistic. Slavery, submission to the strong, and work under the whip of necessity, have rendered them unfit for a society where everybody would be free and know no compulsion except what results from a freely taken engagement towards the others, and their disapproval if he would not fulfill the engagement. Therefore, we are told, some intermediate transition state of society is necessary as a step towards Communism.
&nbsp... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (924 Words / 5,875 Characters)
THE BALLAD OF SPLENDID SILENCE
FERENZ RENYI, Hungary, 1848
This is the story of Renyi - And when you have heard it through, Pray, God be send no trial like his To try the faith of you.
And if his doom be upon you, Then may God grant you this: To fight as good a fight as he, And win a crown like his.
He was strong and handsome and happy, Beloved and loving and young, 'With eyes that men set their trust in, And the fire of his soul on his tongue.
He loved the spirit of Freedom, He hated his country's wrongs, He told the patriots' stories, He sang the patriot's songs.
With mothe... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (814 Words / 5,003 Characters)
BENEATH THE THUNDER-CLOUD.
A HUSH pervades the atmosphere. The light is strange and garish. The distance between various objects contradicts our habitual impressions; things seem startlingly near, startlingly definite. Birds appear to have vanished from the earth; beasts stand as if turned to stone, or move with a scared langour. If the faintest breeze rustles the leaves, the eerie sharpness of the sound sends a chill through our blood. Every noise assumes a mysterious significance; the mere shutting of a door makes us start and shiver. Our work drags heavily along; our hands seem made of lead, our brains of wool. Like a pall the inky cloud with its yellowish glare hangs overhead and stifles all our energy, until the tension becomes unb... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (469 Words / 3,083 Characters)
BURYING THE DEAD.
THE original free, unconsciously Anarchist, institutions of our country, which Kemble describes as during the Saxon period "supplying a mutual guarantee of peace, security, and freedom for the inhabitants of a district," have constituted down to the present day the boast of Englishmen. But how changed they are: oh I quantum mutatabillis I.
These originally free institutions of the English people have been attacked on both sides; by the over-growth of central government, and by the usurpations of that class whose fortune has been the misery of the people.
The process of such political "enclosures," as it were, was extremely varied. Now the... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (999 Words / 6,432 Characters)
CAPITALISM IN ITALY.
(Front an Italian Correspondent).
THE commercial crisis by which Italy is at the present time afflicted, is no doubt, referable in particular cases to particular causes, but it has been chiefly brought about by a revolution in economical ways and means.
Only a few years ago the foreign and even the inter-provincial trade of Italy was comparatively, insignificant. Products of the soil were consumed on the spot; and the surplus merely was sold to provide for necessaries. Agriculture and manufactures alike took the mark of the locality, every part of the country showing its own particular taste. Flax. cotton, wool, silk and other manufactures, were established in the villages, and provided... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,759 Words / 10,929 Characters)
THE CENTENARY OF THE REVOLUTION.
II.
THE history of the great revolution, when properly understood, is the most striking illustration of what we Anarchists maintain, namely, that even during a revolutionary period, even with assemblies elected under the pressure of the revolted masses, the parliamentary representatives of the nation, far from promoting the accomplishment of the revolution, were like heavy shot attached to its feet. If the French-peasants had expected their liberation from the feudal yoke from the National Convention, the Assembly, or the Legislative Assembly, or even the Convention, would have come out of the revolution under nearly the same burden as before. And if France had expected from her legislators the abolit... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (3,305 Words / 20,285 Characters)
THE CHICAGO ANNIVERSARY.
SINCE the Paris Commune no event in the world-wide evolution of the struggle between Socialism and the existing order of society has been so important, so significant, as the tragedy of Chicago. Standing as we do to-day at more than twelve months' distance from the series of events which culminated in the judicial murder of the Eleventh of November, we are able to estimate their meaning with a calmer certainty than amid the storm of horror, indignation and pity which the wrongs of our comrades aroused last year, not only among Socialists but among all workmen aware of the facts. Good men are being murdered for their devotion to the cause of freedom; let us save them, or if that may not be, at least let us prot... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,615 Words / 9,777 Characters)
THE CHICAGO MARTYRS.
WHEN this number of Freedom appears, we shall be on the eve of anniversary which every worker, every lover of liberty, ought to engrave in fiery letters on his heart. On November 11, 1887, five Anarchists who bad been the most devoted champions of the workers' emancipation were put to death at Chicago, merely to give satisfaction to the capital-owners and labor-robbers of America, who loudly cried for their blood, hoping that that blood would extinguish the revolt of the labour slaves.
On that day Parsons, Spies, Engel and Fischer were strangled on the scaffold by order of the middle class judges of Chicago. Lingg who was condemned to the same fate, deprived the bloodhounds of the plea... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (210 Words / 1,386 Characters)
THE CHICAGO PRISONERS.
AN American correspondent writes: "I have but recently returned from Chicago, where I left our comrades in good health; though confinement is telling somewhat upon them, they none exhibit any signs of weakness. The outlook for them is somewhat gloomy, I am afraid. We confidently expected a decision from the State Supreme Court ere this, and the delay is ominous. The September term will, however, settle the question, and whichever way it goes, Anarchy will reap the benefit."
Another remarks: "What a giant mushroom-growth is the class privilege of this republic, when it costs the subjects of malicious aspersion 20,000 dollars to get a chance of a trial between them and the gallows, while a ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (216 Words / 1,399 Characters)
THE CHICAGO TRIAL.
We are requested to publish the following notice:--" 'A concise history of the great trial of the Chicago Anarchists,' compiled by Dyer D. Lum, containing 200 pages, printed in large, clear type. Price 25 cents. A printed copy of the celebrated speeches of the eight condemned men entitled, 'The Accused the Accusers, being the the famous Speeches of the eight Chicago Anarchists in Court,' comprising 200 pages of large clear print. Price lb cents. Workingmen and others who have read the prejudiced and perverted accounts of this great capitalistic trial as given in the corrupt capitalistic press, now have an opportunity to learn the facts as taken from the official record of the trial, as well a... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (1,613 Words / 9,948 Characters)
THE COMING REVOLUTION.
WE are living on the eve of great events. Before the end of this century has come we shall see great revolutionary movements breaking up our social conditions in Europe and probably also in the United States of America.
Social storms cannot be forecast with the same accuracy as those which cross the Atlantic on their way to our shores. But still, there are tokens permitting us to predict the approach of those great disturbances which periodically visit mankind to redress wrongs accumulated by past centuries, to freshen the atmosphere, to blow away monopolies and prejudices.
There is a certain periodicity in these great uprisings of the oppressed. The end ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1891 ~ (3,114 Words / 19,082 Characters)
THE COMMUNE COMMEMORATION
AT SOUTH PLACE.
If a densely crowded meeting and sustained enthusiasm are criteria of a successful meeting, the gathering at South Place Institute on the eighteenth of March, convened by the Anarchist groups of London, must be considered as preeminently successful. Moreover it was one of the most international meetings ever held in this or any other country, speeches being delivered in the English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Yiddish languages. Before the speaking began there was a brisk sale of Freedom, Die Autonomic, The Workers' Friend, Herald of Anarchy, Commonweal, Free Russia, The Anarchist Labor Leaf and other revolutionary and Anarchist papers. A very large number of the Dew pamphlet, "... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,100 Words / 6,607 Characters)
THE COMMUNE OF PARIS.
THE Commune of March, 1871, was a new departure along an old track. When the workmen- of Paris rose against the middle-class assembly at Versailles, they did more than revolt against mere political tyranny, more than revolt against incapacity and treachery in face of a foreign foe. They revolted against property-rule. They revolted to regain an old popular right lost by the people in the evil days which grew up with the growth of government and law, and the rule of the property grabbers-the right of each group of workers, each locality to manage its own business.
It is an old saying : If you want your business done go yourself, if not send some one else. Of late years the people have had... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (726 Words / 4,579 Characters)
CONTINENTAL BREVITIES
The growth of Anarchist Communism continue, to lie rapid ill Belgium, and the groups have now started a fortnightly journal lit Brussels which we heartily welcome. It is called Le Drapeau Noir (The Black Flag) and is sold in Belgium at a halfpenny In size it corresponds to our Social-Democratic contemporary Justice. Comrades who read French will find the articles interesting and call have it sent them post paid for six months for Is. 3d. The address of the administration is 58 rue du Moulin, Saint-Josse-ten-Noode, Brussels. 'The Flemish organ Anarchist is to be had at the same office.
We are glad to see that our comrades in Belgium as ill France are turning their attention to tile spread of our ideas in coun... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (176 Words / 1,150 Characters)
A CONTRAST.
DEAR EDITOR,--I beg to call your attention to pages 2 and 5 of the Pall Mall Gazette of October 22nd. On page 2, Mr. Samuel Laing gives an account of an Irishman and his family, seven in all, managing to exist on food that cost "2 1/2d. per day."
Page 5 contains a statement taken down from the lips of a Mr. Cross, that he had just been to the Zoo to see the newly imported gorilla, and found that the keepers were tempting the brute's delicate appetite with a 15s. pine-apple "and the finest English hothouse grapes were to follow."
But for the moralizing influence of Mr. Morris's play, which I witnessed last Saturday evening, I would suggest the feedi... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,435 Words / 8,694 Characters)
A CRITIC OF ANARCHISM.(BY A NON-ANARCHIST CORRESPONDENT.)
"When Anarchism was first heard of in the Socialist movement in England, it was welcomed & a protest against the insane disregard of the lessons of political experience a& to personal liberty apparent in some Collectivist ideals. But it ha& since developed into a doctrine of unmitigated individualism, having for it& economic basis an invincible ignorance of the late of Rent. As such it i& no longer welcome, or even tolerable, to Socialists."
The above appears as a note to an article by G. Bernard Shaw in the September number of To-Day. The fact that the article in question "A Word for War," is written for... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (784 Words / 4,863 Characters)
A DUTCH SOCIALIST MEETING.
I WAS at the Hague, casually drifting for a few days' holiday through Holland. I had seen Paul Potter's Bull, and Rembrandt's "Anatomy"; all the Princes of Orange, and the prison where De Witt was torn to pieces by the mob. I was a little tired of the sleepy beauty of the Hague, and was languidly scanning the advertisement bills, in choice for the evening's entertainment between a Dutch tragedy and a Parisian operette. Suddenly my eyes rested on the announcement of a Socialist lecture, and my indecision and langour came to an end.
I had some trouble in finding Westerbaenstraat 154, where the "Walhalla," the Socialist meeting hall is situated, and I place on record that it is marked ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (1,520 Words / 8,833 Characters)
EDUCATION BY FORCE.
THE London School Board have for years past been making themselves generally odious to the people whom they nominally exist to serve, the working classes. When a family can barely scrape together enough to buy food and clothes, and too little of those, it seems hard that the bigger children should be carried off forcibly to school just when they could be earning a shilling or two and so getting something better than bread and tea every day for dinner, something more to nourish their bodies. For after all, in these days of machinery and unskilled labor, it is bodies that count more than minds in getting a job-bodily strength, and that sort of sharpness which does not come from book-learning so much as from knocking a... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (415 Words / 2,646 Characters)
THE EGOIST.
HE possessed everything necessary to render him the scourge of hi, family.
He came into the world healthy and rich-and healthy and rich he remained during the whole of his long life. No offense was ever brought home to him; he committed no fault whatever either in word or in deed.
He was of stainless character. And proud in the consciousness of his character, he pressed with it every one to earth--relations, friends, acquaintances.
His character was to him capital. And with this capital he dealt at usurious interest.
This character gave him the right to be pitiless, and to do nothing beyond the good ordained by law.
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Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,645 Words / 9,975 Characters)
THE END SET BEFORE US.
WHEN the approach of serious revolutionary movements is generally felt, it is very difficult to hold back from trying to raise a corner of the veil which conceals the future,--from trying to foresee what may be the possible issue of the approaching disturbances. Of course, historical forecasts as a rule are exceedingly difficult. We know that the keenest minds who lived, in times past, on the eve of great revolutions, failed to foresee the probable issues of the coming events. Some of their predictions went too far; but some others were rapidly distanced by the revolution. It must be avowed, however, that those forecasts were too often mere expressions of the personal wishes of the prophets; and that they very s... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,131 Words / 7,105 Characters)
AN ENEMY OF FREEDOM.
THE death of Michael Katkoff has deprived Russian despotism of its ablest supporter; the one man who by his strong logic and marvelous facility in self-deception had skill and audacity to make meanness seem great and a lie truth.
Time was when young Katkoff was a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Moscow, so enlightened in his opinions that the suspicions of Czar Nicholas obliged him to resign his post. And when, amid the national outburst of liberal thought and zeal for reform which marked the earliest years of the reign of Alexander II., Katkoff turned his attention to journalism, he founded the Russian .Messenger, a magazine favoring English forms of self-government.
... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,242 Words / 7,507 Characters)
THE ENFORCEMENT OF LAW.
[We have received the following from a non-Anarchist correspondent. "We insert it in the belief that the measured and quiet words in which our contributor describes how the ancient customs and sense of mutual responsibility of the English people have been turned in the hands of evil men and ruling classes into an instrument of cruelty and oppression, may stir some of our readers to think for themselves what is the true meaning of that blind subservience to the law, to which they are daily exhorted by their pastors and masters.--ED.]
NOT by argument, but by mere dogged pressure of a class-majority, fighting in its old dull method the fight for its proprietary monopolies, the Jubilee Coer... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (181 Words / 1,134 Characters)
ENGLAND'S IDEAL.
The little book containing 'England's Ideal and other Papers on Social Subjects," by Edward Carpenter (price 1s., .. cloth edition 2s. 6d, Swan Sonnenschein and Co.) should be read by every one. Ii is impossible for man or woman to do so without self-application of a wholesome kind. To those who are of the writer's way of thinking, his vigorous sentences will be so many trumpet notes of encouragement, To those halting between two opinions the record of his personal experiences will give the necessary impetus to join the ranks of Socialism, for the way is marked out too plainly to be mistaken. While to the adversaries of the new development, if any such should have the good luck to come across th... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (550 Words / 3,513 Characters)
EVENTS IN FRANCE.
(From our Paris correspondent)
THERE is little- change to record in the general situation. The opening of the Exhibition has been brilliant, it is true, but it is only the last glimmer of a lamp soon about to be extinguished altogether, for everything goes to show that the end of the year will be tumultuous. in spite of the appeals of the government and of the middle-class press, the people have shown little real warmth. Certainly the streets of Paris have displayed plenty of flags and illuminations-the shopkeepers especially, those eternal friends of order and property, have distinguished themselves by their zeal-but at heart it is felt to be only an artificial gaiety, an intoxication succeeding drunkenness. T... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (980 Words / 5,762 Characters)
FARMING IN THE SOUTHERN STATES. [An American correspondent sends us the following interesting picture of life in the agricultural districts of Alabama]: DURING the fifteen years of my residence here settlers have multiplied twenty to one, chiefly from the adjacent State of Georgia, and of late Northern companies have bought up on speculation all land that was for sale. The process is to offer the farmer a few dollars for the option of buying his place within a specified time. When a large enough tract has been thus hypothecated, the agent advertises it for sale in the North. The booming is done with, by, and for Northern capitalists. The fertility of the soil and advantages of climate are praised to the skies, whereas time truth is t... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (171 Words / 1,189 Characters)
FATE-FORCE-FREEDOM.
A BAS-RELIEF.
A HAGGARD old woman, with a countenance of iron and a dull fixed stare, is striding steadily forward with Ion- steps, driving before her with her withered arm a second female figure.
This second figure is of majestic stature and well nourished, with herculean muscles and massive head upon her strong neck. But, alas! she is blind. Before her she is driving a lovely maiden.
The maiden has bright and sparkling eyes. She resists, turns back, raises her delicate hands. Impatience and courage are marked upon her countenance. She hates to obey, hates to go whither the other is driving her; and nevertheless she is compelled to yield, and she goes onward.
... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (330 Words / 2,002 Characters)
A FINE DISTINCTION.
The pastor of a Congregational church writes to us:
"I find in your issue of this mouth you say in your article on Reason-Worship: 'Christian theology and pessimist philosophy are agreed in condemning the nature of man as essentially evil.' As a regular reader of your paper, I was sorry to find such a mistake. This may be some people's impression of the teaching of theology, or it may actually be taught by some ignorant preachers. It is not the doctrine of theology, but on the contrary has been specially condemned, and I believe never revived. Theology teaches that sin is in the will but not in the essential nature of man. These views are distinct. Man is created i... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,654 Words / 9,980 Characters)
THE FIRST WORK OF THE REVOLUTION.
WHATEVER turn, pacific or warlike, events may take when the time has come for a thorough modification of present conditions, those who will take an active part in the movement will find two different courses open to them; and upon their choice will depend the success or the failure of the attempt.
Deeply imbued with the teachings of Political Economy, which has devoted its chief attention to the best means of increasing the intensity of the present capitalist production; accustomed to reason under the open or unspoken presumption that the economical life of a Society cannot but be organized on some kind of wage-system, most social reformers have built up their schemes of reform on the supposi... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,307 Words / 8,138 Characters)
FORERUNNERS OF ANARCHISM.
ROUSSEAU.
ROUSSEAU was not a Socialist in any scientific and definite way, simply because he was not a political economist. Yet there was in himself amid to a great extent in his works also, all the emotional material of Socialism. And, inasmuch as the Anarchist faith and formula distinguish themselves from general Socialism, in that they affirm entire equality and freedom in association, not merely saying of the members of society that each is for the whole, but adding with the same emphasis that the whole is for each one, and that he, in and through the whole in which he lives and moves and has his being, is an end to himself and never merely a means to any alien end or good that does not include him and is ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,102 Words / 6,492 Characters)
FOR GOOD OR ILL?
WE have been speaking of the spontaneous action of human energy as a great fact, which it is foolish and dangerous to overlook or ignore. But there are two ways of accepting the existence of a fact. We may rejoice in it and welcome it as a good, or find it distasteful and repel it as an evil. We may use our conscious exercise of will to give it free play, or we may set ourselves to counteract or evade its action.
How do we look upon the spontaneous upleaping of energy in man whether it take shape in thought, feeling, or action, The common answer now-a days is, It is good or evil according to the circumstances like the manifestation of energy in fire, which we say is ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,122 Words / 6,834 Characters)
FORWARD!
AFTER the summer's apparent listlessness and inaction, the Revolutionary movement has started into fresh life, and, with that awakening, has entered upon a new phase of development.
The keynote of the new departure was struck last month by the unemployed of Norwich in the little placard, written and posted by unknown hands, which so seriously alarmed the local authorities that they swore in 200 special constables. "NOTICE TO ALL CONCERNED: The unemployed do not intend to starve any longer. If employment is not found for them, they will soon make some."
As the result of the Government house-to-house inquiries at the close of the slack season last winte... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (2,680 Words / 16,366 Characters)
A FREE CONDITION OF SOCIETY.
[From a Speech delivered by James Blackwell at the Central Democratic Club, November 6, 1889.]
IT is a very common error on the part of a large section of the public to confound Socialism with a particular method proposed for its realization. With these people any trifling Act of Parliament which proposes to protect the worker against the rapacity of the Capitalist or the Landlord is termed Socialistic, and a condition of society in which the State--meaning Parliament and the Government--will control and direct industry in the interest of the workers, is looked upon by them as the goal of Socialist ambition.
Socialists themselves, however, know very well that Socialism is somet... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (1,327 Words / 8,017 Characters)
FREEDOM.
THROUGH the long ages of grinding slavery behind us, Freedom, that unknown goal of human pilgrimage, has hovered, a veiled splendor, upon the horizon of men's hopes. Veiled in the trembling ignorance of mankind, their misty unreasoning terror of all that revealed itself as power, whether it were an apparently incomprehensible and uncontrollable natural force, or the ascendancy of superior strength, ability or cunning in human society t he inward attitude of slavish adoration towards what imposes itself from without as a fact beyond our understanding, that is the veil which hides Freedom from the eyes of men sometimes it takes the form of the blind fear of a savage of his medicine or his fetish, sometimes of the equally blind re... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1891 ~ (2,172 Words / 12,517 Characters)
FREEDOM AND PROPERTY.
IV.
THE producer has an acknowledged claim on the produce, we have said: A claim rendered confused and vague by the wage system and by the property law of to-day, but still generally recognized among civilized men as having theoretically some justice in it. Why? To discover we must make a careful analysis of the relation between producer and produce. It is a relationship not quite so simple as may appear at the first glance to those who have been accustomed to take it for granted without thinking much about it. As there is no question which leads us more directly to the root of the Anarchist position, we propose to dwell upon it at some length.
When a man claims a thing on the ground ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (309 Words / 1,967 Characters)
FREEDOM DISCUSSION MEETINGS
Over 200 people crowded the little hall at 13, Farringdon Road, at our second meeting, on March 15th. The debate was to have been on Individualist and Communist Anarchism; but as no Individualists or Mutualists appeared to state their side of the question, the discussion turned chiefly on Free Communism.
Comrade Kropotkin opened the proceedings with an hour's speech, which we print elsewhere. When he resumed his seat, the audience showed their interest in the subject by a brisk fire of questions, and then engaged in a somewhat desultory debate.
The chief result of the discussion was to show that we Socialists of all shades of ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (645 Words / 4,027 Characters)
FREEDOM DISCUSSION MEETINGS.
ON July 13th, P. Kropotkin opened the second discussion on work and the distribution of wealth, by pointing out the essential injustice of the wage system as a method of distribution, and showing how even under present economic conditions social feeling has supplemented it by a certain amount of distribution according to needs. The Social Democrats propose to do this to a far larger extent, the Communist-Anarchists to base distribution on needs only. The first part of our comrade's paper will be found in another column.
The discussion which followed was even more discursive than usual because the Social Democrats animated by the strongest sense of opposition came too late to he... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (625 Words / 3,824 Characters)
FREEDOM DISCUSSION MEETINGS.
On November 20th, the discussion on the organization of labor under Free Communism was opened by T. Pearson in a paper the substance of which will be found in another column.
The only opposition was offered by Mr. Harrigon (Individualist Anarchist) who contended that the working classes were miserable worms from whom it was hopeless to expect any good; but that all they wanted was to destroy all governments and drive away all monopolists, leaving the instruments of labor to the laborer and the produce to the producer. As for organization we were already organized quite enough.
To which Comrade Richardson replied that it might be true that we are now or... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (945 Words / 6,048 Characters)
FREEDOM DISCUSSION MEETING. THE discussion on May 10th was very well attended. It was opened by Comrade Merlino.
Communist Anarchism, he pointed out, is the logical outcome of the tendencies of the thought of our century, especially of the theory of evolution as applied to social development. As illustrations, he alluded to the growth of the new scientific attitude towards crime, and the practical modifications in an Anarchist direction which it is slowly beginning to introduce in the treatment of criminals; also to the growing tendency to criticize and distrust the system of representative government.
The main objections generally raised to Socialism are based on the opposition of th... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (652 Words / 4,208 Characters)
FREEDOM DISCUSSION MEETINGS
We had a rough and ready sort of meeting on April 12, for the opener mistook the date and did not appear, and the notices were sent too late to Justice and the 'Weal. So Comrade Kropotkin opened the debate with some general remarks on voluntary association.
A common objection, he said, to Communist-Anarchism is that men are not yet good enough to organize themselves on a basis of perfect freedom, or to behave like social beings without government control. But in truth, authority in itself has a depressing influence, corrupting even good men, and already more of our social life is founded on voluntary association than we at all realize. If it is true that am... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (878 Words / 5,321 Characters)
FREEDOM DISCUSSION MEETINGS.
ON October 12 Dr. Merlino opened the meeting by reading a paper on "The Organization of Labor." He dwelt upon the necessity of revising the whole system of the production of the necessaries of life, and pointed out that if this was done by a government it would be an artificial organization of labor, whereas in a period of the development of society a free-handed policy was a necessity. Of course the usual objection would be made to this opinion. It would be asked, How without a central government can the workmen organize themselves? What would be their guides? He replied, reason and interest. People would begin to use their reason and to trust in it more than they do at the present day. It was necessary th... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,218 Words / 7,346 Characters)
FREEDOM DISCUSSION MEETINGS.
THE meeting on September 14 was opened by Comrade Marsh with a paper on "Work and Social Utility," the substance of which will be found in another column. There was no direct opposition to the opener's contention that a share in work of social utility, such as providing food, clothing, shelter, etc, ought to be taken by every able-bodied person, and that such work, if fairly shared by all members of the community, would not fall so heavily on any individual as to prevent him or her from exercising special artistic or intellectual capacities at least as fully and as beneficially as they are exercised to-day, when brain and hand labor are almost entirely divided and brain workers are considered as a superior c... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (376 Words / 2,282 Characters)
FRIEND AND FOE.
A MAN condemned to lifelong imprisonment had escaped from his confinement and was seeking safety in headlong flight. His pursuers were close at his heels. He was running with all his might, and the distance between him and them was becoming steadily greater.
Suddenly he sees before him a stream with precipitous banks, a narrow but deep torrent, . . . . and he cannot swim.
But the stream is bridged by a thin plank, half-rotten with age. The fugitive has already one foot upon it. And there, by chance, stand his dearest friend and his bitterest foe.
The enemy uttered no sound, and merely folded his arms. The friend, on the contrary, cried out at the top of his voice:
"For God's sake, consider, foolhardy man, wh... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (624 Words / 3,452 Characters)
FROM THE WORKERS' POINT OF VIEW.
TO THE EDITOR OF "FREEDOM."
Many thanks for the copy of Freedom sent to me the other week. I hope it will be the means of snapping some of the links in the chain that makes us the slaves of landlords, capitalists, and others who live out of the labors of the workers everywhere. Why we should be for ever producing wealth and yet not have the power of enjoying it ourselves, is more than I can understand. Tile staple trade of this village is shoe work, and most of that of a common sort. One manufacturer resides in the place; the others live at a distance. We are somewhere in the position of the Irish. The land is claimed by absentee landlords, who must have their rent for doing... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,702 Words / 10,602 Characters)
A FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF REASON-WORSHIP
IN our last two articles we have summarized a somewhat unusual, and therefore unpopular, view of the great intellectual movement. that, during the last three centuries, has gone hand-in-hand with the growth of the idea of private property and economic individualism. Thereby we have gravely scandalized certain devotees of reason-worship, who have mistaken our criticism of their superstition for an attack on human reason.
Now we Anarchists protest against the superstitious worship of anything whatever. We protest against an exclusive reverence for any one human function or faculty as a mental attitude unworthy of the dignity of man.
&nb... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (2,191 Words / 13,291 Characters)
A GENERAL VIEW
When we cast a broad glance upon the history of mankind, we see one distinctive feature pervading it from the remotest antiquity up to our own times. On the one aide there are the masses toiling, laboring creating wealth by the labor of their hands, and asking for nothing else -but peace, liberty, and equality among themselves. And on the other side there is a minority, sometimes of foreign conquerors, and sometimes natives of the country itself, who continually aim dominating the masses, at freely enjoying the fruits of their labor, and at rendering their own rule everlasting by means of Law and Force, by an appropriate education, and religious teachings. All the history of mankind is nothing bu... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (830 Words / 4,702 Characters)
AMIDST the sordidness and squalor of the carnival of Capitalism, we often find it hard to realize that things have not always been as they are. Not that there is no beauty to fill our hearts and bring the tears to our eyes, in country-side and mountain glen to-day! Not that the exquisite loveliness of human nature is less intoxicating in its eternal i freshness than in the older days of romance! Not that our treasure of knowledge is losing its preciousness as it grows, or that time keen joy of thought palls amid the stress that stimulates it! None of this; and yet so bitter is the ever-quickening consciousness of loss and wrong in the social atmosphere, that the purest pleasures of the few who are free to enjoy are darkened and turned to p... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (2,031 Words / 11,898 Characters)
A HAPPY NEW YEAR.
WITHIN the past few days this wish has been uttered by thousands and thousands of people to one another; sometimes sincerely, sometimes carelessly, sometimes sarcastically. We also would join in the time-honored genial custom, and offer to our readers in every part of the globe, and not to them alone, but to all mankind, a happy new year. We have just grounds we think for doing so, for notwithstanding the terrible misery which surrounds us on every band, notwithstanding the vast number of fellow creatures to whom the word happiness is without meaning, the past year has witnessed great movement among the workers, and has been full of promise for the future. In the most pessimistic quarters... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,321 Words / 7,898 Characters)
HOME RULE AND AFTER.
IMPRESSIONS OF AN ENGLISH ANARCHIST IN IRELAND.
To coerce the Irish people into the commission of legal crime seems to be the aim and object of the policy of the present administration. Law to be observed must either be the crystallized expression of the beliefs of the vast majority of those to whom it is enunciated, or be based upon the superior and sufficient physical force of the law-makers. In Ireland part of the written or paper law is ineffective because it does not command the assent of the people, and the makers of the law are unable to use sufficient physical force to overcome the passive resistance of the law-breakers.
The breakers of the law are, howev... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (2,186 Words / 12,586 Characters)
INDIVIDUAL OR COMMON PROPERTY.
A DISCUSSION.
From a Communist Correspondent.
"N'importe qui" says "Common property is advocated only by those who believe the present evil condition of society is due to individual property." But what does he think the present evil conditions of society are due to if not to individual property? To monopoly? Then will he please distinguish between individual property and monopoly I In other words will he point out exactly where individual property ends and monopoly begins I "It is much easier to be inexact than exact." Let us be exact on this point.
Now, what is Communism 7 To begin with, I doubt if "N'importe qui's" interpretation of Malato's definition is correct. "That the pro... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (808 Words / 5,008 Characters)
INDIVIDUAL OR COMMON PROPERTY.
A DISCUSSION.
(From an Individualist Correspondent)
I shall endeavor in this communication to make as clear as possible the Anarchist view regarding Property.
I may start by saying that an Anarchist is a consistent, an all round, Individualist, one who believes that the faith in the divine power of governments to save humanity is nothing but the crudest superstition, which our State Socialist friends ought to be ashamed to perpetuate in people's minds. The Anarchist contends that if the people cannot emancipate themselves then their case is hopeless, and further that their present misery is due to nothing else than the foolish delegation of functions to governing bodies which State Social... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (956 Words / 5,649 Characters)
INDIVIDUAL OR COMMON PROPERTY.
A DISCUSSION.
At the suggestion of our individualist fellow-worker for Anarchism, Albert Tarn, we open our columns to a full and free discussion of the question of property. Our own views as Communists are well known to our readers, but as we hold it to be every honest man's business to let the other side speak and to prove the truth of his own position by hearing what the opposition have to say, we welcome the idea and shah be glad to print contributions which are to the point from either Communists or Individualists.
FROM THE INDIVIDUALIST SIDE.
An investigation into the meaning of Property practically amounts to an inquiry into the origin and mea... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (696 Words / 4,166 Characters)
INDIVIDUAL OR COMMON PROPERTY.
A DISCUSSION.
A Letter from a Communist.
It appears to me that Anarchy without Communism has no reason for its existence. For as Anarchy is the negation of Authority, so Communism is the negation of Property. He who says Authority says Property, and he who says Property says Authority.
If this proposition be admitted, the question is solved in favor of Communism, and this should be enough to bring round all those undecided people who, in their sincere love of freedom, are afraid of being false to Anarchy if they cut the "right of property" out of its program. Much the same sort of pretext as that on which certain Socialists wish to maintain authori... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (623 Words / 3,875 Characters)
IN HYDE PARK FEBRUARY 13, 1888.
"Justice, Justice! One penny. Shows you how to get rid of all landlords and capitalists" was the appropriate cry that fell upon one's ear when joining the huge crowd assembling round the platform erected beneath the Reformer's Tree for the reception of T. D. Sullivan and Edward Harrington, two of Balfour's criminals. In spite of the nipping east wind and threatening snow-clouds, their London sympathizers poured into the park in vast numbers, and when those attending the procession came up there must have been at least fifty thousand good men and true.
The chance words heard whilst waiting for the heroes of the hour were instructive and portentous. To the... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (935 Words / 5,459 Characters)
IN MEMORY OF CHICAGO.
SINCE the death of those Chicago comrades of ours whose names are engraved on the hearts of all those who struggle for freedom, two years have passed away, during which the Anarchist cause has advanced by leaps and bounds. In America itself it does not appear to us Europeans that great progress has been made, because there have been no stirring events such as have happened on this side of the Atlantic, but those who know the workers of the United States best know that the new ideas are ever gaining fresh adherents. and that with the increasing tyranny of capitalist rule has grown up in the hearts of hundreds of thousands of the most intelligent of American workmen a determination to be free. The men who will lea... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (492 Words / 3,154 Characters)
IT MUST NOT BE.
A succession of meetings have been held during the past month to protest against the infamous sentences of death and imprisonment passed upon the Chicago Anarchists. The largest of these meetings, held at South Place, Oct. 14 was organized by a representative committee of English Socialists-Anarchist an Democratic. A resolution declaring our comrades' condemnation to be an attack upon freedom of speech and public meeting, of vital concern to the working classes all over the world, was enthusiastically and unanimously passed by a crowded audience of English workers. The speakers were the Rev. Stewart Headlam chairman) of the Guild of St. Matthew, William Morris of the Socialist League, J. Blackwell... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,431 Words / 8,681 Characters)
JUSTICE IN ENGLAND.
THE Home Secretary, whose private judgment, or the lack of it, is arbiter of life or death for accused Englishmen, has triumphantly vindicated the majesty of the law by causing a Jewish lad to be publicly murdered.
The unhappy youth had fled from the horrors of Russian conscription to the worse misery of an exile's life of semi-starvation in London. His brain reeled amid the wretchedness of his lot; he meditated suicide; in reckless despair he is said to have killed a poor woman who balked his desperate search for a few shillings.
Victims both of the horrible injustice of society, of the inhuman despotism of the Czar, and the equally inhuman greed of English monopolists ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (611 Words / 4,007 Characters)
Labor and Produce Exchange Banks.
TO THE EDITOR OF "FREEDOM"
A disparaging remark in Freedom treating this constructive idea, in which Proudhon finds the lever of a pacific revolution in economics, as superficial, not radical, seems to me less than justly appreciative. Referring for Proudon's elaboration of the plan to his 'Idea General de la Revolución' and his 'Solution du Problems Social.' I would here present it as the natural evolution and complement of the cooperation institution which has achieved great success in England, the Protective Union Store. If my impressions are correct, your first at Rochdale was developed along with other good things from an original cooperative factory. Cooperat... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,837 Words / 11,114 Characters)
LAND NATIONALISATION
THE rupture between Henry George and the American Socialists at the Syracuse Convention whence the Social-Democrat delegates were excluded, will deeply afflict many of Henry George's supporters in this country. Having received from his powerful attacks against the idle land-grabbers their first impulse towards Socialism, and having seen in him one of those who undoubtedly have contributed towards preparing the ground for Socialist ideas in this country, they will be grieved to see the man whom they considered as an earnest champion of the oppressed, turning now his back on the workers and entering into a union with the middle-class.
For a union with the middle-clas... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,230 Words / 7,077 Characters)
THE LAND WAR.
IT is a very common remark among the rank and file of Liberal Unionists that whilst it is only too true that the past history of English rule in Ireland is written in fire and blood, it is also a fact that the English Government has of late years devoted its best energies to promoting the welfare of the Irish people, and the said Irish people are a thankless crew not to acknowledge the blessings they have received, and therewith rest content.
It is not for an Anarchist to contest the point that the English Government has done, and is doing, its best for Ireland. When men band themselves together for the purpose of ruling their fellow men they appear to lose, in their collective capacity, both head a... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (1,567 Words / 9,475 Characters)
LAW AND ORDER IN IRELAND.
I.-HOW THEY WERE INTRODUCED.
THE student of Ireland's history scarcely knows whether to pity her people for their sufferings, or scorn them for having so long endured such shameful wrongs.
Before the fifth century there is not much authentic Irish history, but up to that time there are misty records of "happier things." The people then enjoyed, if not profound peace, an easeful liberty, dwelling in tribes under the patriarchal sway of chiefs they had themselves elected. Land was held in common, or where it was specifically held, no right of primogeniture barred its redistribution Wives equaled their husbands in dignity, and the most stringent laws were those regarding hospitality t... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (1,867 Words / 10,995 Characters)
LAW AND ORDER IN IRELAND.
II.--HOW THEY WERE ESTABLISHED--1172-1319.
HENRY's work in Ireland, referred to in the first section, was brought to an untimely close by a peremptory summons to answer for his share in Archbishop Becket's murder before all ecclesiastical council in Normandy. A summons to which he dared not reply, as he (lid in former years, with " By God's eye, I care not an egg for your councils." He feared to offend tile Pope and thereby lose the clerical support in Ireland. He had therefore to rely on the colonists' instincts of self-preservation for the maintenance of their footing, and on their rapacity for the extension of their borders, As might be expected, the ships that bore him and his " ironclads " from Waterf... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (745 Words / 4,552 Characters)
LAW AND ORDER IN IRELAND.
IV.-LOST OPPORTUNITIES,
THERE came a brief cessation in the making of laws for Ireland. Richard II. resolved to try other means than legislation, and so undertook an expedition, which his vanity assured him would cover him with glory. His proclamation on landing at Waterford was unique in its naive impudence. All the tribes in Leinster were summoned "to surrender full possession of lands, tenements, castles, woods, and forests." In return they were to have unmolested possession of any and all lands they could conquer from the King's other Irish enemies elsewhere in the island. The only reply to this was curt refusal from one chief, Art Kavanagh by name ; by descent, from the outlawed son of Dermot, of regal... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,205 Words / 7,290 Characters)
LAW AND ORDER IN IRELAND.
VI. --- REFORMATION.
UNDER Henry VIII there was a new departure in Irish legislation. A species of Liberalism was evolved, no doubt the progenitor of what we know to-day by that name, a liberality that gave in order that it might take with a greater impunity.
Henry VII., as we have seen, went in for coercion on a cheap scale by giving unlimited power to the noble who could best keep his fellows in check, requiring in return only a nominal allegiance. The rebellious disorder in Ireland had been more than once flung tauntingly in the faces of English ambassadors, when assent-bliss of the European crowned bullies met to concert plans of "robbery with violence." It was impossible for Henry VIII., who ba... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (963 Words / 5,943 Characters)
LAW AND ORDER IN IRELAND.
VII. --- " VI ET ARMIS."
AFTER the death of Henry VIII., the "amiable persuasions of law and reason" were no longer visible even in the State papers. Coercion pure cud simple again came to the fore to continue the policy of the English Government towards Ireland from 1550 to 1887. The sword, the gallows, famine, pestilence, and expatriation each and all were tried, and found most effective when used in combination.
The Parliamentary farce was not played during the reign of Edward VI. Dublin officials found the progress hoped for from the administration of the Common law too slow. Martial law was substituted, and "sundry persons" were authorized by the Lord Deputy to execute it w... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,624 Words / 9,932 Characters)
LAW AND ORDER IN IRELAND.
VIII.--UNDER GOOD QUEEN BESS.
THE news that a small body of Spaniards and Italians had taken possession of the fort of Smerwick on the Kerry coast brought the whole of England's force to bear upon that point. Famine forced the little garrison to surrender. The men were disarmed, and Captain (afterwards Sir) Walter Raleigh superintended the cutting of their throats. For this and similar services Raleigh was rewarded with 40,000 acres of land in county Cork, which he afterwards sold for a goodly sum to Richard, first Earl of Cork.
The illustrious poet, Edmund Spenser, was present at the Smerwick butchery, but whether he took active part in it or was merely a critical spectator of it w... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,311 Words / 8,000 Characters)
LAW AND ORDER IN IRELAND.
IX.--THE DE-PLANTATION OF ULSTER.
THE most scathing indictments of the proceedings of successive English Governments in Ireland may be found in the hearty condemnations which the new men in office passed upon the actions of their predecessors.
When the kinglet from Scotland took the reins in hand he professed to be able to guide the refractory Irish into the paths of peace and his own immediate flunkies and toadies into those of prosperity at one and the same time.
Instead of the heaps of ashes and carcasses made by Elizabeth's soldiery, James desired to have little farms well-tilled and pastures well-filled whence would flow a rich stream of gold into the roy... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (516 Words / 3,382 Characters)
LAW AND ORDER IN IRELAND.
X.--THE PARLIAMENTARY IMPOSTURE.
To ease the tender conscience of James I., and to stop the mouths of those whom his plantation had despoiled either directly or indirectly, it was resolved that a Parliament should be assembled which would set a seal of legality upon the highhanded proceedings in Ulster.
Of course, before issuing the writs to summon the representatives of the people robbed of their birthright, means were taken to ensure to the Government a good working majority.
Sir George Carew and Sir John Davis undertook to pack both the Upper and the Lower use.
Satisfactory results were expected from the new counties and boroughs which... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (644 Words / 4,030 Characters)
LAW AND ORDER IN IRELAND.XI.-GOOD GOVERNMENT.
The success of the Ulster plantation being satisfactorily gauged by the increase I of gold in English coffers,, royal and otherwise, James and his creatures resolved to make a similar attempt in Leinster. The owners and cultivators of the rich acres in the eastern province were too numerous to be harried into exile like the ! Earls Tyrone and Tyrconnel, or to be cleared out by acts of attainder, but the ingenuity of James and his sycophants devised a commission to inquire into defective titles.
All manner of evidence was to be collected, what and how estates were held, the number of the inhabitants and their lords, what rents were paid but ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (1,469 Words / 8,538 Characters)
LEEDS AND LONDON.
The use of the strike as an offensive and defensive weapon against Capitalism has been illustrated during the past few weeks by noteworthy revolts of workers in Leeds and London. In the former city -the men have gained what they desired; in the latter they have supplied the capitalist newspapers with some sensational news by which to catch the pence of the multitude, whilst they have practically lost their, cause and allowed a number of the most energetic among them to lose their employment. The reason of this difference of fortune which has befallen the gas workers of Leeds and the postmen and policemen of London is not far to seek. In the Yorkshire town the men were determined and united. Following up the tactics of ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (467 Words / 2,897 Characters)
LEGAL MEANS.
Mr. Champion--whose lecture in Regent's Park on September 3rd, was delivered in a tone of conviction and earnestness which must have impressed 0a very large audience--said there were two legal means fitted to advance Socialism in this country--namely, boycotting and the ballot.
For boycotting he instanced a combination of London workmen to atop payment of rents. The idea is good as far as it goes, but is it practicable' Mr. Champion did not trouble to show this,, nor do I wish to prove the contrary. At the same time I much doubt whether the boycott can be considered as legal, or if it can be sustained by other than illegal means. At any rate its presumed legality may be los... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (658 Words / 4,200 Characters)
A LESSON OF TO-DAY.
THE PAGNY AFFAIR.
LAST month France and Germany were once more on the brink of war, this time pour les beaux yeux of a French police functionary, who was planning intrigues in Alsace on behalf of his own government.
Ultimately the French Government, which, by the way, has been continually violating "international law" by fraudulently entrapping on French soil deserters who had taken refuge in Switzerland, by banding over political refugees to the Italian and Spanish Governments, and lastly by trying and sentencing foreign subjects for "crimes" committed on foreign soil, as readers who remember the Anarchist trial at Lyons are well aware--this same French Government succeeded in snatching ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (864 Words / 5,248 Characters)
THE LESSONS OF TO-DAY.
THE HYDE PARK DEMONSTRATION.
THERE is something cruel in the part which is assigned to the people in the present political system. Their advice is never asked on a purely and simply defined question. Even the few who are called upon to take part in an election are asked to choose a representative simply as an expression of sympathy and confidence, and if any question at all is put to them, it is so involved in personal and party wranglings that the intrinsic merit of it is quite lost sight of. The usual course, however, is to simply ignore them, and they are only called upon when the time comes for one party to deal an effective blow at another in order to turn it out of office. Then the ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (813 Words / 5,136 Characters)
A LETTER FROM BARCELONA.
(From our Spanish Correspondent).
ALTHOUGH rather late, from causes beyond my power, I wish to speak to you of the 11th of November. This date is in Spain a workers! holy, day, and also an occasion for Anarchist demonstrations and propaganda. In all the great cities, and in many country towns, the people commemorate the death of the noble workers, whose martyrdom instead of ,degrading them, glorified the instrument, at the same time that they, view with horror the disgusting and untimely social institutions which now exist. At Barcelona this holy day has had a special solemnity. The great hall of the Palace of Fine Arts, which is estimated to be large enough to contain 12,000 pe... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (630 Words / 3,836 Characters)
A LETTER FROM CAPE COLONY.
OWING to the energetic prosecution of enterprises which have for their object the exploitation of south-central Africa, a large increase of commercial activity is to be observed in this colony. Yet, though more hands are employed, and though the absolute rate of wages has been somewhat raised, no corresponding improvement in the condition of the wage-workers is felt; in fact those who like myself have been in permanent employment for some years find that the cheapening of money is a positive disadvantage to them. This fact having been asserted, the explanation is as follows. The limited and gradual increase in the requirements of the employment market has been more than kept supplied by the number of per... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,815 Words / 10,054 Characters)
LETTERS BETWEEN WORKMEN.
Front W. C. to J. B.
DEAR JACK,-You're about right; I do not see how you're going to got rid of landlords and employers of labor. First of all, if they weren't there how should we got any work to do or any wages for it I And second, they are there and wont clear off for our pleasure. Why they are rich by law; a lot of thorn are swindlers and such, but they've kept the right side of the law somehow, and I'd have the law made a bit plainer and tighter so that the scoundrels should not be able to play tricks. As far as I see, its less stealing not more stealing we want, and yet as far as I can make out your Communism, you would have stealing allowed. Why every one would be grabbing everything from every o... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,928 Words / 11,710 Characters)
LOCAL ACTION.
BEFORE going further, let us sum up the conclusions at which we have arrived in our preceding articles. They are two, and each of them is of importance in enabling us to see what we brave to do.
We have established --- and if space permitted we might do so with a much greater display of arguments --- that we must rely for the accomplishment of the Social Revolution which we feel approaching all over the civilized world, neither on the present parliaments, nor on any representative bodies which might be summoned during a more disturbed period than the present. A mere change of Government would not necessarily be a revolution, even though the overthrow of the Government might be accompanied by act... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,060 Words / 6,323 Characters)
THE LOGIC OF COMMUNISM
IT is a Common cant with many of those who are on the road to Socialism that in the renovated order which they contemplate, each worker shall enjoy the full fruits of his own labor. (Even our comrades of the Socialist League, while preaching on one page of the Commonweal pure Communist doctrine, have on others held out this promise to the proletariat). It is a promise that in reality is meaningless, and in the meaning commonly attached to it, delusive and impossible to be fulfilled. That the phrase should be used is intelligible enough. We charge against the prevailing social system that by it the workers are robbed of the wealth which they produce, by the exaction of rents for the opportunities of working. And... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1891 ~ (568 Words / 3,508 Characters)
THE LONDON INTERNATIONAL ANARCHIST CONGRESS
A well attended meeting of Anarchists, including members of London and Provincial English groups, Germans, Italians, and Frenchmen, was HELD on Easter Sunday at the Autonomie Club. The question of what should be the action of English Anarchists on the First of May was discussed at considerable length. The opinion was generally expressed that Anarchists all over the country ought not to miss the opportunity of making good Anarchist propaganda on the First as well as on the Third of May, but should bold public meetings in common with their fellow workers oil the Continent, and explain to the people the real meaning of the May Demonstration. It was agreed that a leaflet setting forth the Ana... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,306 Words / 7,809 Characters)
THE LONDON STRIKES.
THE great revolt of the Dock Laborers and other workers of London which for the last two weeks of August and the first two weeks of September absorbed public attention, is one of those incidents in the struggle between the haves and the have-nots which mold thought and influence progress. It originated in the action of a handful of men at the South West India Dock who ceased work on the 13th of August because their very moderate claim for a higher rate of wages and more favorable conditions of working was not granted. In the course of a few days the strike extended to the other docks and then, day after day, the strikers received accessions to their number from the wharf laborers, the lightermen and other kinds of ri... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (2,752 Words / 16,461 Characters)
MALATO BEFORE THE PARIS JUDGES.
Our readers will remember that Comrade Malato, who used to send us news of the movement in France, has been thrown into prison for fifteen months, for a revolutionary article in the "Attaque," one of the organs of the Paris Anarchists. Gegout, the manager of the paper, was also condemned to a like term of imprisonment. Both comrades spoke out boldly for their opinions when asked what they had to say for themselves. We translate below the defense of Malato as given in "La Revolte."
Let us call things by their names M. l'Avocat General. This is a prosecution for constructive treason, and nothing else. You yourself foreshadowed this in your speech as publi... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (2,612 Words / 15,917 Characters)
THE MARRIAGE CONTROVERSY.
MOST of the letters on marriage in the Daily Telegraph have been well worthy of the silly season; none of them have thrown fresh light on the most difficult of Social problems. And what else could be expected when the editor boasts that he has excluded every correspondent who might perchance "bring a blush to the cheek of the Young Person" by any ill advised attempt to go to the root of the matter, socially, economically, physiologically or psychologically? Nevertheless, in spite of all the platitudes of all the prudes, the controversy as a whole is highly significant.
It would have been of some importance if only from the fact that the question "Is marriage a failure?" has stared at ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,470 Words / 8,724 Characters)
THE MATCH GIRLS' STRIKE
A FEW weeks ago Society was shocked and astonished at the revelations which were made concerning the wages paid to the girls of Bryant and May's factory at Bow. The shock was intensified by the fact that three Members of Parliament and fifty-five clergymen of the Church of England were shareholders of the company and received last year a dividend of 23 per cent, whilst the wages of the adult women employed in the factory averaged (according to the statement of the secretary) 11s. 2d., and those of the girls from 3s. to 9s. a week. The average wage was little enough, but human beings cannot live on averages, and many young women with families to support were carrying home 6s. and 7b. 6d. at the end of a week ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (531 Words / 3,379 Characters)
MONEY.
(By an Individualist Anarchist.)
THE two primary purposes for which the State exists are these: (1) the maintenance of legal property, from which arises an monopolies of land and means of labor; (2) the manufacture of the so-called legal currency, or medium of exchange; and practically speaking Anarchists attack these two monster evils.
The State has arisen out of and still embodies the principle of Mutual Distrust, and it can only be abolished by replacing this principle by that of Mutual Confidence. Doubtless there is a tendency towards a growth of this latter principle, and hence the hope of the Anarchist.
People who are not accustomed to question the present order of things, treat as perfectly chimerical or ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,703 Words / 10,565 Characters)
THE MORAL BASIS OF SOCIALISM.
(By a non-Anarchist correspondent.)*
THE above written title is that of an essay by Mr. Karl Pearson, to whose opinions on Socialism some reference was made in the October number of Freedom. The essay has for some time past been familiar to us in pamphlet form, and is re-issued in Mr. Pearson's recently published volume of contributions to 'The Ethic of Freethought.' Now that it is thus surrounded and buttressed by complementary dissertations, it is perhaps not unfair to give utterance to a dissatisfaction which will have been felt by a good many Socialists at the manner in which the promise of the title hap been fulfilled. and to attempt some indication of what it is that is required for its fulfill... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (896 Words / 5,730 Characters)
THE MOVEMENT IN ITALY.
(From our Italian Correspondent.)
THE labor agitation is spreading in town and country. A general laborers' strike is expected in the Varesotto, whither the government have dispatched two companies of soldiers to frighten the peasants into submission. At Bregnano, near Como, the peasants have revolted against the hearth tax (fuocatico) lately increased by the parish authorities: the mayor passed a bad quarter of an hour. The movement has gained the neighboring localities of Lomorro, Belforte, Casa Litta, and others. Here also troops have been hurried to maintain order. But by far the most alarming troubles have broken out at Olgiate in the province of Como, where bands of laborers... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,434 Words / 8,896 Characters)
NAMES AND OPINIONS.
THERE is a considerable amount of confusion, even among Socialists, as to the real meaning of words that run off the end of our tongues every time we speak of the revolutionary movement. Take, for instance, the words Socialist, Communist, Collectivist, Social Democrat, Anarchist, and collect the opinions of the first half dozen men you meet as to what they understand by them, and you will hear as many interpretations as replies. Yet amid this seeming confusion it is quite possible to gather the general lines of tendency expressed in these disputed terms.
Thinking a little about the matter, one soon comes to see that Socialism is an economic term; it refers to man in his relation to wealth... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,790 Words / 10,761 Characters)
THE NECESSITY OF COMMUNISM.
IF all Socialists should agree together on the point which we have developed in our last issue, namely, that the wants of all must be the first guiding consideration of any revolutionary movement which has a Socialist character--and we really cannot understand how this can be denied, or even underrated--then they would perceive that the next revolution, if it is guided by Socialist principle, must necessarily drive them to Communism, and Communism drive them to Anarchy.
Of course, if we admit that the next revolution will have accomplished its mission as soon as it succeeds in overthrowing the present rulers and proclaims some great industrial undertakings, like railways and mines, th... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,014 Words / 5,948 Characters)
THE NEW LABOUR EXCHANGE.
A LETTER FROM PARIS.
A NEW illusion to the fore. When, oh when, we may well ask, shall we see the last? Trades' unionism, cooperation, Socialistic legislation, universal suffrage, labor representation, all have had their day in this or other countries, and have failed to bring about social equality and justice. Now to the great joy of all reactionaries, another failure is about to be added to the list--I mean the Labor Exchange.
A few days ago, wandering in the Paris streets, I happened to stop in front of a building which is being adapted for a Labor Exchange. A workman, perceiving the interest with which I watched the work began to talk to me.
"Here at last,"... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (608 Words / 3,936 Characters)
NEWS FROM SPAIN.
(From our Collectivist Anarchist Correspondent in Barcelona.)
As I have spoken in my preceding letters of the Anarchist movement in Spain, I will now say something about the middle-class political situation. We are now living under the regime of the Liberal Monarchy. Sagasta, ex-Minister of the Provisional Government of the Revolution of September 1868, ex-Minister of King Amadeo, ex-Minister of the Republic which survived after the coup d'Etat of January 3, 1874 and prepared the way for the Monarchical Restoration, has been Prime Minister since the death of Alfonso XII. He remains in power, partly because he knew how to elaborate a program of Democratic Monarchy which includes universal suffrage and solves small dif... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (907 Words / 5,369 Characters)
THE NIGHTMARE OF MONEY.
WHAT is there about money and its function in commercial societies that entraps so many into laying on "the currency " the responsibility for that disease of modem societies of which the tricks of the money market are but a single symptom Not capitalism, they would have us believe, is the enemy, but coined money.
Here is a pamphlet by our comrade D. A. Andrade**, of the Melbourne Anarchists' Club, which is really quite bewildering in its mixture of sound sense and--opinions on currency. Andrade ought, by his own showing, to be quite free from the influence of the vulgar illusions which haunt the threshold of the study of wealth, for he warns us that money is simply " the token by whic... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (2,096 Words / 13,180 Characters)
NORTH-WESTERN SPINDRIFT ON THE ETHICS (?) OF MAJORITY-RULE.
Scene: THE COAST OF AYR. Personce: CITIZEN and SEABORN.
Seaborn. So here you find me up before the sun, though you have fled from your City of Destruction northwards on the night-bat's wings. Your penny-a-liner calls it the Flying Scotsman: but 1, the modern version of the magic carpet, with the seamy side up. Oh for electric balloons, or the wings of the morning ! But come, let us hasten to plunge into the sea, and to meet the rising sun with worship. See, Ben Gaoth is lifting his cloud-cap to greet his father.
Citizen. But I'm shivering. No foot-pans, and this late October!
Sea. What would you I... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (975 Words / 6,103 Characters)
NOTES ON COERCION.
From an Anarchist point of view, the present outcry against Coercion is amusing. The gentlemen whose blood is now running cold at the Act (which will probably make the blood of many persons --- not gentlemen --- across St. George's Channel run warm), have themselves, when in office, passed Coercion Acts quite as immoral, if not quite so impudent as the "Criminal Law and Procedure (Ireland) Act, 1887."
* * *
These same gentlemen delight to exhibit the election addresses of their opponents, and reproach them with their broken vows. But is it quite judicious to allude to this sort of inconstancy in a House with such traditions as those of our British Commons? A negro preacher once addressed... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (478 Words / 3,187 Characters)
NOTES ON THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT.
AT the Annual Conference of the Social Democratic Federation last month the secretary reported the formation of over forty branches. There is some solid Socialistic propaganda doing by members of the S. D. F. all over the country. The actions, as well as the opinions, of many of our comrades the Social Democrats are far more revolutionary than their official program. Their street demonstrations are capital. The last in Trafalgar Square, against police tyranny, called together a big crowd, who energetically tore the effigy of policeman Endacott to rags and applauded all denunciations of authority. But why so many exhortations to "go home peaceably," and why cooperation "to secure order" with the very p... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,250 Words / 8,184 Characters)
NOTES
The Father of rulers, property and lies, has lately inspired his children with some skill in playing to the gallery and creating the delusions by which the victims of oppression are diverted from their wrongs. On the one side, Mr. Goschen conjures so cleverly with his items of finance that the admiring crowd are ready to forget that all taxes, however distributed, are a tribute wrung by force from the workers to support the Government that guarantees property and poverty. On the other hand, Mr. Ritchie produces such dazzling effects of democratic local administration that we are inclined to forget that, in the first place, the Local Government Bill will never be carried out in its present imposing form; an... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (907 Words / 5,653 Characters)
NOTES.
When the civilian Monro succeeded the soldier Warren at Scotland Yard, there was talk in the Liberal press of harmony between police and public. No more Endacotting, no more batoning of defenseless men and women, no more political assaults. The guardian lions of existing society were to roar as softly as any sucking dove, reserving their teeth and claws for "real criminals." The last few days have furnished some striking instances of the methods of our admirable police for the preservation of peace and good will among men.
* * *
First, English detectives spy upon the privacy of certain Armenian journalists in London, pay them, in fact, a domiciliary visit a... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (794 Words / 4,820 Characters)
NOTES.
The great strike.
So the coal strike has ended in a victory for the strikers. So will that bigger strike to come, the strike that will be even more general than this, the strike that will bear upon its banners," The mines for the miners." Such pluck and calm resolution and broad social feeling as these strikers have shown only needs a wider aim to become the finest sort of revolutionary energy. Just fancy, you comfortable people who have never gone short of a meal, what it means to be so convinced of the righteousness of your cause as to risk a strike, when you know you can expect no help from your Union for three weeks and then less than seven shillings all told; and yet to be so public-spirited as to be willing to ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1891 ~ (2,213 Words / 13,475 Characters)
NOTES.
THE LONDON ANARCHISTS CELEBRATE EASTER.
There is a good old custom, far older than the introduction of Christianity of celebrating the spring tide of the year by public .assemblies and friendly gatherings, an ancient usage still of much practical importance, for it secures the hard-driven workers of to-day a moment's breathing space for rest and enjoyment. Two London Anarchist Groups resolved this year to utilize the opportunity. The Knights of Liberty, an East End Group of workers, initiated the idea of a Conference on Easter Sunday, to which all Anarchist Groups, English and foreign should be invited. The Freedom Group arranged, a social gathering for Easter Eve. Unfortunately times bay(, been so extra bad lately that ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (658 Words / 4,512 Characters)
NOTES.
THE admission made in the debate on the Navy Estimates by the First Lord of the Admiralty, that our dockyard management is nothing better than a gigantic job, somewhat tarnishes the glory of the brilliant naval review, for which the workers had to pay last month. No sooner is one government department officially whitewashed than another stands revealed as a den of uncleanness.
* * *
The recently constructed Metropolitan Board of Works does not appear so very much more immaculate than the ancient Corporation of London. Why, in the name of human imbecility, do we continue tamely to submit our lives and delegate the management of our business to successive bands of self-interested irresponsibles? Prac... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (649 Words / 4,118 Characters)
NOTES.
In spite of the ever-present financial difficulties of social rebels, the Anarchist press shows most encouraging vitality. Now and again a paper disappears, but two or three others are continually springing up in its place. This month we publish a list of the Socialist Anarchist papers in Spanish to supplement the Italian list given in our June number. In America during the last few months the German Libertus and Fair Play have respectively sprung from the Mutualist journals Liberty and Lucifer. The Alarm which was forced to suspend publication as a fortnightly at Chicago, has reappeared as a weekly at New York, and is yet more revolutionary in tone. It supplies a special need in the party by freely op... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (1,486 Words / 8,925 Characters)
NOTES.
The Czar's Cat's-paw.
The Republican rulers of France have consummated their own disgrace by sentencing to three years' imprisonment seven young men of whom is Russian majesty was afraid. Some of these were studying chemistry and experimenting on the force of explosives, and the Czar has his reasons for objecting to his faithful subjects becoming too learned in that line. The absurd charge of conspiracy fell through at the trial, but the popular dread of "anything that might go off" was cleverly used to make the prisoners appear dangerous. The spy who worked up the affair-the gentleman one of whose many aliases is Landesen -was condemned to five years by default, i.e., after he had had time and means given to him to get o... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (1,042 Words / 6,458 Characters)
NOTES.
THE attempt of the local authorities to renew the London coal and corn duties has revealed to the people one of the numberless indirect methods by which they are fleeced by their masters. The Corporation and Board of Works devote these duties (coal, taxed 13d. a ton, brings in L450,000 a-year) to the fair-seeming purposes of town improvements and the purchase of open spaces. But-putting aside all questions of jobbery and and speculation, of " turns " and " bonuses " and " good things " for self and friends-for whose benefit are town improvements chiefly undertaken !The rich dwellers in fashionable districts and the traders of the City, or the poor crowded together in the slums ? Pulling down an occasional rookery is about as far... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (391 Words / 2,419 Characters)
NOTES.
The second Anniversary of the day on which our brave comrades Engel, Fischer, Parsons, and Spies, were murdered by the State of Illinois, has been commemorated by meetings all over the earth. Besides the British meetings, some of which we notice elsewhere, we have at the time of writing heard of meetings having taken place in America at Boston, St. Louis, and Chicago; in Spain, at Barcelona; and in France, at Paris, Lyons, Vaucluse, Le Chambon, and Roanne. Next month we hope to give a fuller list, but these first arrivals go to show how strong a hold the Chicago Martyrs have upon the workers of the world. In Barcelona an interesting literary competition was held in connection with the Commemoration, and a number of most valuabl... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (397 Words / 2,551 Characters)
NOTES.
THE energetic action of our Norwich comrades in flinging food from the store in the shops to their famishing fellow-workmen, and breaking the windows of the rich burgesses who refused to attend to their grievances, will do more to advance the cause of the Social Revolution than much talking. Before Mowbray's nine months' imprisonment are over Judge Grantham is likely to discover as much.
Note the effect of --Norwich riots, Trafalgar Square meetings, BatterPea church parades, and the morning calls of the unemployed upon vestrymen and guardians upon the middle-class conscience. The wretchedness of the workers is no new thing, but when have the news papers swarmed as they do to-day with letters, and accounts of committees, mee... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,032 Words / 6,356 Characters)
NOTES.
We have changed our address. The Link the new organ of the Law and Liberty League, edited by comrade Annie Besant and Mr. Ste-ad has turned us out of our old quarters We are now lodged under "We same roof as another new journal of Socialistic bent, comrade Bolas's "Leaflet" Newspaper." To both ventures we heartily wish a career of much service to the revolutionary cause. Every wedge driven into our rotten social structure hastens its downfall.
* * *
More victims of "justice." Two poor and ignorant men condemned to fifteen years of living death for ha... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (514 Words / 3,083 Characters)
NOTES.
Comrade Samuel Pearson writes:--It seems to me that the late strikes have a greater tendency towards Anarchy than, considering the circumstances, might have been expected. The great dock strike was not initiated by any middle-class influence. It started without any previous Organization, a fine example of personal initiative, and, although it ended in a compromise, it taught the workers what determination, and courage can do. Strikes are now the order of the day, and in my opinion every, revolutionist should encourage them, for they teach the workers to trust to themselves and show up the politicians in their true colors. The Government has plainly shown that in the event of strikes becoming serious... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (565 Words / 3,528 Characters)
NOTES.
FIFTY years more of dust-licking before an out-worn, meaningless superstition, and we are to make our continued want of energy and common sense an occasion of national rejoicing! National self-abasement for our folly would be more to the point.
* * *
What possible meaning has all this cant about loyalty to the poor old German, who for fifty years has allowed herself to wear the cap and bells as Queen of England? Truly our civilization, from the British Constitution to the women's dress improvers, has grown into such monstrous shapes that it is hard to discover its relation to the reason of mankind.
* * *
When the sovereign of England was a great military leader, like the ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (620 Words / 3,892 Characters)
NOTES. Last month a million slaves obtained their liberty in Brazil. The newspapers were filled. with touching descriptions of the joy of the aged emperor in thus beholding upon his death-bed the peaceful results of a wise series of preparatory measures. Here was, indeed, an example of an enormous social change brought about in accordance with the principles of law and order. What an encouraging example for European parliamentarian Socialists!
* * *
Turning, however, to Number 33 of La Révolte we find an extract from the Porvenir, a Portuguese Socialist paper, written before the official announcement of the emancipation, which throws a somewhat new light on the matter, a light ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (360 Words / 2,112 Characters)
NOTES.
Mr. W. H. S. Alexander has been good enough to present the English people with the necessary funds to establish a National Portrait Gallery in which the public will be able occasionally to see the counterfeit presentiments of the living and dead mediocrities who have honored this country by being born in it. By occasionally we mean about four times a year, on bank holidays, for of course the show will not be on view on Sundays and will probably be closed pretty early in the evenings, after the fashion of the National Picture Gallery. Mr. Alexander is the son of a solicitor who "made" the one hundred thousand pounds which constitute the gift, and a good deal more, by speculating in house property and land in the metropolitan su... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (804 Words / 4,946 Characters)
NOTES.
All success to the Anarchist propaganda of our involuntary Tory allies! If they intended Trafalgar Square as a side blow to displace the economic revolt, they have simply succeeded in driving home to the hearts of the people that government and law are mere devices of the rich to blind the Yes of the poor and hold them in moral subjection. If Matthews, Warren, and Co. continue their present policy for five years, they will go far to end all danger of State Socialism in England.
* * *
The debate on the right of public meeting was a beautiful illustration of the advantages of law. For... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,051 Words / 6,469 Characters)
NOTES
This is the day of small things. Let us be glad that an audience of London workmen decline to listen to a lecture from the chief commissioner of police, even when that pious bully proposes, with the aid of dissolving views, to discourse on Palestine at an entertainment "for the benefit of the working classes." The row at the Oxford, and even the "conversatione" in Trafalgar Square, are symptoms of a certain amount of vital energy in a handful of Londoners; and anything is better than lying prone in the dust for tyrants to trample us. If we raise our little finger it is at least a sign of life, and who can say when the whole body may follow.
It seems as though the Boulanger... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (736 Words / 4,601 Characters)
NOTES.
THE Social Democrats have hit on a brilliant idea in turning the Lord Mayor's Show into a graphic picture of the existing inequality in the condition of Englishmen. It is not only telling but showing, the people their strength and their wrongs. Tens of thousands without even the necessaries of life, a few hundreds with wealth to throw away in costly tomfoolery; and the first waiting on the good pleasure of the second for even the right to labor: that is not a thing to be borne in abject patience once it is seen as well as heard. Realized by the oppressed, it means revolt.
* * *
Revolt; not half-measures of palliation---Eight-hour Bills, Government relief works and the like. Such measures, if they wer... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (609 Words / 3,774 Characters)
NOTES.
The performance of a play with the Social Revolution for theme marks an epoch in the history of the English Socialist propaganda. More especially when, as in our comrade William Morris's Interlude-- "The Tables Turned, or Nupkins Awakened"(1)--the Social Revolution is understood to mean the total overthrow of domination in its three principal modern forms of property, law, and authority.
* * *
The broad, quaint humor of the trial scene is delightful, with its touches of pathos and deep human sympathy, and its faithful delineation of "the stupid red-tape that hinders the court from getting at the truth; the impossibility of making your stupid judge understand the real state of ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (1,051 Words / 6,631 Characters)
NOTES.
Professor Sidgwick has compiled for the British Association a list of permissible exceptions to the principle of laissez-faire. There is an opening now for some gentleman to. compile a list of permitted exceptions to the other principle : that of interference by armed government It would be shorter and much less comprehensive than Professor Sidgwick's.
* * *
To understand the Governmental application of laissez-faire learn the two -following rules of thumb. 1. When the proprietors molest the proletariat, laissez-faire. 2. When the proletariat resist the proprietors, interfere to help, the proprietors. There are no exceptions to these rules. For examples of their working, ap... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (565 Words / 3,473 Characters)
NOTES.
THE Trades' Union Congress of workers at Swansea and the British Association of middle-class professors and scientists at Manchester were both agreed that the enormous powers we have gained over the forces of nature during the fact century or so has worked us much mischief. The health and manhood of the nation is being destroyed, moan the philosophers. The uncertainty of the workmen's life is becoming intolerable, growl the unionists And both acknowledge our wealth as She cause. But neither have the pluck to go to the root of the matter and ray right out that it is the monopoly of wealth in the form of property that does all the harm.
The combination of railway companies prevents... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (513 Words / 3,364 Characters)
NOTES.
If there were no police, how would the community protect itself 'from the violence of homicidal maniacs? We have replied to such questions theoretically by the score; just now Whitechapel experience is replying in letters of blood to be seen and read of all men.
* * *
The police do not and cannot protect us from homicidal maniacs. This horrible disease attacks human beings very rarely even under our present unhealthy social conditions. When it does, helpless people are at the maniac's mercy in spite of our "admirable police." The Star enumerated the other day sixteen recent murders in London, not including the Westmintter and Whitechapel affairs, whose perpetrators are still u... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (792 Words / 5,245 Characters)
NOTICES.
Freedom Group holds meetings on Saturdays in Hyde Park, at 4 p.m., and on Sundays at Hampstead Heath, at 11.30 am.
St. Pancras Communist-Anarchist Group holds meetings on Wednesdays at 8 p.m., in Prince of Wales Road, Kentish Town, near "Mother Shipton"; and on Sundays in Regent's Park, at 3 p.m.
Blast London Communist-Anarchist Group holds open-air meetings on Sundays at 11.30 a.m. outside Hoxton Church (bottom of New North Road) and at 3.30 p.m. in Victoria Park. Comrades are earnestly invited to roll up and support.
Lewisham and Lee Liberal Club, Camden House, 170 High Street, Lewisham.-- On Sunday October 26th, at ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (875 Words / 5,530 Characters)
NOTES.
Daily open-air meetings of the unemployed in the middle of summer are an ominous comment on the recommendations just issued by the Committee of the House of Lords appointed to inquire into exceptional distress. With the heartless insolence of men in whom power and luxury have dried up all human sympathy, the Most Noble follow in the steps of Rehoboam's youthful counselors and warn the administrators of that miserable travesty of social justice and brotherly love, the Poor Law, that they have erred on the side of sentimental leniency. Chastise the crime of poverty not with whips but with scorpions. Restrict out-door relief. Do away with labor yards. Do not meddle with relief works. Give no support to sc... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (505 Words / 3,144 Characters)
NOTES.
The information given in the May and July numbers of Freedom concerning the position of affairs in Spain, we are now able to supplement from a letter we have just received from an Anarchist Communist at Barcelona. Our correspondent says that Spanish parties may roughly he divided into two classes. those that require an Army, a Judicial system and a Government, and those who desire none of these things. The first class, consisting of all the bourgeois parties and one section of the Socialist party, are as follows: The Carlists, whose principles are God, Country and King, Absolute Monarchy and the Denial of all Freedom, the Conservatives, who are now in power, uphold the Constitutional Hereditary Monarchy and Restricted Suffrage... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (2,084 Words / 12,712 Characters)
ON MAJORITY-RULE AS MAKE-SHIFT.
THE AFTERNOON TALK.
Scene: THE AYRSHIRE COAST. Personoe: CITIZEN and SEADORN
Sea. Come, let us sit down here, where the furthest rock of the North Spit faces the incoming Western Sea.
Cit. Good; and the strong thrice-thick walls that tower just behind us will stand for the civilization that protects us. Let us lean on this buttress here.
Sea. Yet we turn our backs on them, and they are ruins. The liveliest strongest things about them are those gol... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,894 Words / 10,936 Characters)
ORGANISATION, FREE AND UNFREE. A Paper read by T. Pearson at the November Freedom Discussion Meeting.
THE best means of organizing labor so as to provide our vast and increasing population with all its requirements is a question worthy of the consideration of any Socialist.
Thanks to the efforts of our ancestors and to the science of to-day, there is no doubt as to the possibility of providing for each and all that which they require to the fullest extent. We are all aware that the private ownership of the means of producing wealth is the great barrier that stands between us and the carrying out of our ideas. But suppose this barrier is removed, what is the basis upon which we are prepared to act in the futur... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (729 Words / 4,667 Characters)
OUR DISCUSSION MEETINGS.
The first Freedom group discussion meeting was both pleasant and interesting. Forty or fifty comrades turned up: some Socialists inclined to Anarchism or doubtful about their politics; some convinced Social Democrats, and one or two Anarchists still in the Proudhonian stage of individualist economics.
The opening paper (read by C. Al. Wilson) dwelt upon the necessity for Socialists to consider the political side of social re-organization. If the revolutionists are not prepared, when the time for action comes, to introduce new political relations corresponding to the new economic relations they desire to establish, the social revolution may well be seriously delayed by the reactionary... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (551 Words / 3,140 Characters)
A PAINTER OF THE PEOPLE.
AN exhibition of pictures is now taking place in Paris which is of interest to all those whose feeling is one with the masses of the people.
Some Socialists are inclined to look for little sympathy from painters. Some even have tried to set fire to picture galleries, saying like the earlier Nihilists of Russia, that a cobbler, who makes what is useful, is greater than Raphael, who only made what is beautiful. and that when men and women are dying of slow starvation before our eyes, it is idle to think of mixing a pot of color.
Is this not a mistake? Are not painters as much with us as poets, writers, and even shoemakers? To take Jean Francois -Millet as an example. B... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (226 Words / 1,526 Characters)
PAMPHLETS
Our Jewish comrades in East London have published as the first of a series of propagandist pamphlets in Yiddish, a translation from the French version of Malatesta's 'Conversation between Peasants." (Price Id., Workers' Friend Office, 40, Berner Street, Commercial Road, F.)
The Autonomic Club, 6, Windmill Street, Tottenham Court Road, W., have, begun a like useful work by issuing a German rendering of the essay on ' Revolutionary Government' from P. Kropotkin's 'Parolez d'un Revolte as No. I of a German propagandist series.
'The Place of Anarchism in Socialist Evolution.' By P. Kropotkin. (New issue; W. Reeves, 185, Fleet Street, E.C. Price Id... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,610 Words / 10,139 Characters)
PARLIAMENTARY RULE.
ONE Of the most mischievous prejudices we have to get rid of in order to begin the new life of Socialism, is the belief in parliamentary rule. Parliament has in this country rendered so many services in the struggle against the rule of the Court, and the nation has been so much accustomed to connect with Parliament its reminiscences of struggle for political liberties, that even among Socialists some vague belief in Parliament still lingers; a fancy that it may in future become an instrument for ridding the nation of the rule of Capital.
Not that such a belief is always held consciously. Much has hap, on the contrary, during the last twenty years to weaken to some extent the old faith in Parliament. The intell... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (230 Words / 1,490 Characters)
THE PEOPLE TO THEIR LAND.
(Tune: "Andreas Refer.")
0 high rocks looking heavenward,
Ovalleys green and fair,
Sea-cliffs that seem to gird and guard
Our Island --- once so dear!
In vain your beauty now ye spread,
For we are numbered with the dead:
A robber band has seized the land,
And we are exiles here.
The moonlight glides along the shore
And silvers all the sands,
It gleams on halls and castles hoar
Built by our father's hands.
But from the scene its beauty fades,
The light dies out along the glades:
A robber band has seized the land,
And we are exiles here.
The plowman plows, the sower sow;
The reaper reaps the ear,
The woodman to the forest goes
Before the day grows clear;... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (1,097 Words / 6,484 Characters)
THE POLITICS OF SOCIALISM.
ALL Socialists are convinced of the absolute and speedy necessity of Social Revolution, and are determined to bring about a change in the economic relations of men to one another which shall give all who do their best in working to supply the needs of the whole community, an equal chance of supplying their own needs, and render it impossible for a crew of willful idlers to live in luxury at the cost of their industrious fellows. We all desire to establish a manner of life among ourselves that shall tend naturally to keep us all on terms of economic equality, making it more easy for each one to work than to be idle, and to work for the common benefit, than to attempt to make a pil... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (1,860 Words / 11,226 Characters)
THE PERMANENCE OF SOCIETY AFTER THE REVOLUTION.
THE question frequently arises in discussions: "But if you got an anarchist state of society to-morrow, how would you maintain it? and even if it did continue for a certain time, would not, afterwards, when the first force of revolutionary sentiment and vigilance had spent itself, the old abuses gradually and insidiously come to reestablish themselves, as they came to be established in the first instance?" The question is worth answering, especially the latter portion of it.
The only way in which a state of Anarchy can be obtained is for each man who is oppressed to act as if he were at liberty, in defiance of all authority to the contrary, and evading or overcom... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,178 Words / 7,299 Characters)
PRACTICAL QUESTIONS.
WE said in our last issue that "Nationalization of Land." if it becomes the watchword of the next movement in this country, will simply mean nothing more than the expropriation of the landed aristocracy, and the seizure of land by the middle classes; the creation of middle-class land proprietors who may prosper for a number of years, and even increase the amount of agricultural produce raised in this country, who will monopolize the land in their turn; while the small land-proprietor will be ruined by competition, taxes, and mortgages. In short, something like what happened in France by the end of the last century, when the soil was also transferred on a large scale from the landed aristocracy to the wealthier fa... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (795 Words / 4,854 Characters)
PRACTICAL SOCIALISM.
A common mode of raising objections against Socialism is the following. An exponent of revolutionary principles is asked how such and such a particular detail of social life is to be arranged after the advent of the Social Revolution, and on his deciding either according to his own individual Judgment or in accordance with the views of this or that school of Socialists, the critic supposes a case attended with circumstances which render the decision evidently absurd or unjust, and turns from the debate in triumph, leaving the propagandist puzzled and the bystanders amused at his confusion, and, perhaps, impressed with the is after all impracticable.
The Anarchist, however, possessing a clear ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (2,100 Words / 12,388 Characters)
A PRACTICAL SOLUTION.
A HUNDRED and thirty thousand unemployed, in this city alone--such is the result of the parliamentary and private inquiries. Ninety-one thousand paupers; six hundred thousand at least of men, women, and children, out of the 4 1/2 million inhabitants of London in want of food, shelter, and clothes. Such is the result of aristocracy and middle-class rule. Our masters say that we must keep them, and provide them a rich living, because they alone are capable of organizing our industries and trade. And that is the way in which they have organized them. Plenty of luxury for themselves; sheer misery for the masses.
One hundred and thirty thousand men, ready to work, but p... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,486 Words / 9,407 Characters)
PRISON LIFE.1
[SECOND NOTICE.]
ARE Prisons Necessary? is the title of the concluding chapter of Kropotkin's account of his prison experiences. "Unhappily, hitherto," he goes on to remark, "our penal institutions have been nothing but a compromise between the old ideas of revenge, of punishment of the 'bad will' and 'sin,' and the modern ideas of 'deterring from crime,' both softened to a very slight extent by some notions of philanthropy." But is it not time that we fully recognized the fact that crime, like bodily disease, is capable of scientific investigation, and of that scientific treatment which considers prevention the best of cures?
An energetic school of scientific students of crime has sprung up of late years in Ita... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,138 Words / 7,042 Characters)
PRISONS AND THEIR EFFECTS.
THERE is no question with which Anarchists are more commonly met than, "What is to be done with criminals in a society where there is no government? You say that the present system of coercion is a cruel wrong to human nature; you say that the masses, when they rise to overthrow the economic tyranny of the property owners, will destroy all this elaborate machinery of law-court and prison, and indeed it is a fact that the opening of prison doors has been a prominent feature of popular revolts; but surely you cannot wish and intend to let the criminal class loose upon society?" And the most selfish and brutal of respectable objectors will go on discoursing about the "criminal class" in the tone of the Pharise... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (474 Words / 3,190 Characters)
THE PROPAGANDA.
ANARCHISM IN ST. PANCRAS. -On Sunday, March 23, Comrade Neilson lectured to the St. Pancras Branch of the S. D. F. on -,A More excellent Way," advocating Free Communism 2 as against Social Democracy. There was a most energetic discussion. Evidently Communist Anarchism is making rapid way in this part of London.
GERMAN ANARCHISTS IN LONDON. -On March 3 the German Anarchist Club Arbeiterbund and Gleicheit held an enthusiastic public meeting at Cooper's Hall, to show up the policy of "the Social-Democrat's new comrade," that mighty potentate known among the Berlin street Arabs as "mangy William."
DARLINGTON. -On 9th March Kropotkin spoke before the Sunday Lecture Society at Darlington, upon "The Problem... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (246 Words / 1,644 Characters)
PROPAGANDA IN THE EAST END OF LONDON
We are requested to insert the following notice :
"The East-end branches of the Socialist League and our foreign comrades at the Princess Square and Berners Street clubs, have just formed themselves into The East-end Socialist Propagandist Committee, and are commencing a systematic distribution from house to house in all the streets, lanes, etc., of leaflets, pamphlets (which are left in the houses of one street one week, then called for and taken to another street the following week) and other literature, as well as posting up leaflets, bills, etc,, on the walls, hoardings, Lamp-posts, church notice-boards, and other similarly available places... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (1,813 Words / 11,418 Characters)
THE PROPAGANDA.
REPORTS.
ST. PANCRAS Communist-Anarchist Group.-On Sunday, June 22, at 8 p.m., the group held an out-door meeting in Regent's Park, Neilson, Morton and Pearson being the speakers. There was a very attentive audience; no opposition. 2s. 10d. collected; good sale of Freedom.-On Wednesday evening, June 25, at 8 p.m. an outdoor meeting was held at Prince of Wales Road, Neilson and Morton being the speakers. Opposition from two teetotalers and a Radical, which was replied to by Neilson. 7 and 1/2 d. collected.-A good meeting was held on Sunday, June 29, at 7.30 p.m., in Regent's Park; speakers, Morton and Neilson. Collection, 4s.; three dozen Freedom sold.-A large meeting was held at Prince of Wales Road on Wednesday,... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (455 Words / 3,113 Characters)
THE PROPAGANDA.
HUDDERSFIELD.--On Nov. 3rd, Albert Tam lectured on "The Labor Question," and "Can we do without Government?"
BRIGHTON.--At the Freethought Hall on November 10th, a very successful Chicago Anniversary meeting was held; Barker and Frank Cooper being the speakers.
ABERDEEN.--Kropotkin lectured at the Albert Hall on the 28th October. On the 29th he spoke in the Friendly Society's Hall. Good audiences.
MANCHESTER.--Kropotkin addressed several well-attended meetings here, and in the surrounding district during November.
YARMOUTH.--On November 10th Mrs. Schaack and other comrades addressed a g... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (381 Words / 2,560 Characters)
THE PROPAGANDA.
DEMOCRATIC CLUB, GRAY'S INN ROAD, LONDON.--A discussion was opened on "What is Freedom?" by J. Blackwell, on Nov. 6. J. E. Barlas in the chair. Some interesting points were raised. Chambers avowed himself an Anarchist of the by-and-by type. Cores and others spoke in support.
HEBREW DRAMATIC CLUB, SPITALFIELDS.--A meeting in commemoration of the death of our Chicago comrades was held here on Friday, Nov. 8. There was no chairman but each speaker called upon the following one to speak at the termination of his own speech. The resolution absurdity was also dispensed with, each speaker expressing his feelings of sympathy with our murdered friends in his own way. It was an excellent and well-atten... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (140 Words / 902 Characters)
THE PROPAGANDA-
Norwich --J. Blackwell visited the comrades in this city on the 19th inst. and spoken in the course of a discussion on -Strikes at a local society's meeting the same evening Moore and other comrades also took part, The following day (Sunday) Blackwell spoke in the morning in the Market Place, in the afternoon in the Gordon Hall on "Anarchist Socialism," and in the evening in the same hall on 11 The Gospel of Freedom." A great many questions were asked after the last two lectures and the replies appeared to be satisfactory. The Norwich Socialists include in their ranks a number of young promising speakers who win without doubt be of great service to the Anarchist cause.
Freedom: A Journal of Anarchist Socialism
Vol.... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (966 Words / 6,165 Characters)
THE PROPAGANDA.
REPORTS
FREEDOM GROUP--Pearson, Neilson, and Morton have addressed good meetings in Hyde Park on Saturday evenings during the month, There was very little opposition, the audience evincing much sympathy with our ideas. Freedom sold well. A series of meetings have also been commenced on Hampstead Heath by members of the group. Good collections; good sale of Freedom.
ST. PANCRA'S GROUP.--The meetings at Prince of Wales Road have been well kept up on Wednesday evenings. A good deal of opposition from Christians, particularly from the point of view of free love. Good collections and sale of Freedom. On Sunday afternoons, at 5:30, the group has held the usual meetings at ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (408 Words / 2,690 Characters)
THE PROPAGANDA.
VICTORIA PARK-The "Freedom" Group have made arrangements for open air meetings to be held here every Sunday afternoon during the remainder of the summer. To commence at 3.30. Anarchist Communists will. it is hoped, turn up strongly in support. Opposition invited.
ISLINGTON.-At the Brittania Coffee House on August 16. a friendly discussion meeting was held between several Social Democratic comrades and some members of the "Freedom" group. On August 23, C. M. Wilson opened a debate, pointing out some of the evils of the exercise of authority. White (S. D.) opposed- Davis pointed out that White disregarded principle and believed in going along the line of least resistance. advocating 8-hour bills and such comparativ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (462 Words / 2,967 Characters)
PROPAGANDIST LITERATURE.
The "Knights of Liberty" group send us a pamphlet of 32 pages, printed in Yiddish, which has just been issued from the Worker's Friend printing office, 40 Berners Street, Commercial Road, London, E. Comrade B. Feigenbaum is the author, and the title rendered into English is "Why a Jew should be a Socialist." It can be had for 2d. in England and 5c. in America.
We are glad to notice an excellent little German paper Der Anarchist,which has lately appeared at St. Louis, Mo., U. S. A. (C. Timmermann, P.0. Box 758). It is published fortnightly, is printed in roman characters and can be had, post free for a half-year for 2s. in stamps.
L'... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,084 Words / 6,889 Characters)
PROPAGANDIST LITERATURE
'Chants of Labor: a Song Book of the People, with Music," edited by Edward Carpenter, with a title-page drawn by Walter Crane, published by Swan Sonnenschien and Co., is a most useful addition to Socialist literature. There is a growing sense among energetic propagandists that the Cause suffers seriously from lack of the emotional element, of some efficient means of appeal to the feelings of the people. Several attempts have lately been made to introduce singing at Socialist meetings ; but one great obstacle has always been the want of a suitable song-book. Comrade Carpenter, therefore, has rendered signal service by devoting his knowledge, taste, and poetic feeling to the collection of so... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (915 Words / 5,722 Characters)
PROPAGANDIST LITERATURE.
Our Pads comrades who carry on the publication of La Revolte (The Rebel) the weekly Anarchist-Communist organ. hare just recently issued two new pamphlets. 11 La Societe an Lendemain de la Revolution'" (Society on the Morrow of the Revolution) by Jehan Le Vagre, is a volume of 165 pages based on the small brochure of the same title by the same author, published some years ago. It also includes another of his smaller brochures "Autonomie according to Science." Those of our comrades who read French and desire to gain some idea of the future organization of Society from an Anarchist point of view cannot do better than send 75 centimes to comrade Grave, 140 Rue Mouffetard, Paris, for a copy. 11 The Salariat" (The... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (2,434 Words / 14,090 Characters)
Another comrade contributes the following remarks, treating the same subject.
PROPERTY
Communist Anarchism implies a change in the mental attitude of men towards things as well as towards one another, a change which will necessarily bring with it a change of outward conditions. It implies the disappearance of the idea of ownership.
Property as it exists at present is a claim to the absolute ownership of things put forward by an individual of an association and acknowledged by society. Lately we have seen this claim disputed with regard to land. When Lady Matheson says of her estate in the Highlands shall I not do what I will with mine own? there is a gener... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (272 Words / 1,740 Characters)
THE PROUDHON LIBRARY
Comrade Tacker sends us the second volume of his capital translation of Proudhon. It is admirably printed on toned paper, and strongly and neatly bound. We recommend all our readers who can afford it to send for a copy. The following notice gives all particulars:
" System of Economical Contradictions; or., The Philosophy OF Misery P. J. Proudhon. Vol. I, 469 pages octavo.Price in cloth, l4s. 6d.; in full calf, blue, gilt edges, 27s. Published and sold by Benj. R. Tucker, Box 3366, Boston, Mass.
" This constitutes the fourth volume of Proudbon's Complete Works, and is uniform in style with the first volume, ' What is Property ?' T... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (2,330 Words / 14,233 Characters)
REFLECTIONS UPON ANARCHISM.
SCIENCE is making tremendous progress in this century, but instead of science being the means of benefiting the people in every respect, it is used as a medium for inflicting misery and hardship upon those who an doomed to labor like slaves for a precarious existence. The inventions of science only give greater facilities to the privileged classes for increasing their happiness at the expense of terrible sufferings among that class which labors to produce the means whereby happiness is attainable. Machinery, instead of reducing the heavy labor of the working populace is used as a scientific mode of driving human beings from work and bread together; those who claim possession of the implements of production ru... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (951 Words / 5,927 Characters)
REMEDIAL MEASURES.
WHEN the enemies of Socialism are speaking to Anarchists, they dwell upon the reasonable and humanitarian policy-of Social Democracy, but no sooner are they brought face to face with the proposals of Social Democrats than they declare those proposals preposterous and impraticable the Times for -November 5th.
Well, it is true that there is very little moral difference between charity in money and charity in work, whilst front the economic point of view the former is preferable. Either there is work to be done in the community or there is not. In the first case, capitalists will not fail to lay hand, upon it to make a profit for themselves by supplying the public need. In the second case, the central or local gove... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,171 Words / 7,323 Characters)
THE REVOLT IN RUSSIA.
LAST month's attempt to celebrate the anniversary of the execution of Alexander II. by that of his son and successor has revealed to all Europe the depth of the surging discontent now stirring among the people of Russia; the burning shame and indignation with which they see themselves crushed beneath a system of government which would have disgraced the Dark Ages.
As Leroy-Beaulieu has pointed out, Russia has been the scapegoat of Western Europe. Her people have borne the brunt of the successive tides of invasion by the savage and cruel hordes of Asia; by her brave resistance she has glutted their fury, by her industry she has satiated their greed. Thus Teuton and Kelt have been left the freer... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (746 Words / 4,617 Characters)
THE REVOLT OF THE ENGLISH WORKERS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
1. THE ROBBERY of LAND AND ITS EFFECTS-(continued).
WE have seen how the working men and women of England were driven off the soil by the greed of the rich and idle. The desire to secure their ill-gained possessions led the robbers to spare no pains to crush out the sturdy self-respect and self-reliance of the people they had wronged. It is startling to find how large a part of The public activity of the upper classes has been directly devoted to breaking the spirit of the poor and degrading them into the position of wage-slaves, wholly dependent on the owners of land and capital.
In the earlier days of land-grabbing, the law, always a whip by means of which the r... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (2,127 Words / 12,731 Characters)
THE REVOLT OF THE ENGLISH WORKERS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
III. THE REVOLT-(concluded).
A GREAT deal Of nonsense has been talked by middle-class economists and their disciples about the Luddite revolt against machinery. No doubt the destruction of labor-saving machines is in itself an unwise proceeding; but in this case it was probably the only protest in the power of the English workers against the sacrifice of men's lives to the mechanism that created wealth only for a class; a protest which would never have been necessary if the individuals who had gained this newly invented power over nature bad been content to use it for the general good instead of merely to enrich themselves by exploiting the labor of the poor. The condu... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,010 Words / 6,018 Characters)
THE REVOLT OF THE ENGLISH WORKERS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
INTRODUCTION.--WHY THEY SHOULD REVOLT.
UNIVERSAL dissatisfaction is abroad. No man worth his salt who works and thinks in England to-day can be other than dissatisfied. The difficulty of making a living, to say nothing of leading full and complete human life, even if we have been so exceptionally fortunate as not to feel it for ourselves, is continually burnt into our consciousness by the efforts and struggles of our friends and neighbors--efforts crowned as often with failure as success in spite of honest endeavor--struggles frequently ending in the indifference of despair.
A few succeed. A few even force the... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,355 Words / 8,048 Characters)
REVOLUTIONARY MELBOURNE,
The Australian Continent is fifty-eight times tile size of England, but population is only one-eighth*of ours. In other words if Australia its was as densely peopled as England it would contain a population as great as that of the entire world at the present time. And we have it on the authority of many scientific men, among whom may be mentioned Alfred Russell Wallace. that England could supply all the wants not only of its present number of inhabitants but of very many more. So that' it is perfectly safe to assume that Australia is a country of almost boundless resources, and any one would imagine that if prosperity existed anywhere it -would be there. But when the emigrant from old Europe gets over there ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,302 Words / 7,822 Characters)
ROCKS AHEAD.
WE have already said that, whatever may be our wishes and desires, the present state of Europe will result in revolutions on the Continent, and that these revolutionary disturbances will be echoed in this country. As soon as the trade of the world and the markets of the world are disturbed, the conditions of the workmen of this country will become still more precarious than they are now, and the workers will ask for some fundamental changes in the economical conditions of the community. But, as the ruling classes will be unable to satisfy the needs of the workers, and as they will try, on the contrary, to stifle them by force, or by any other more or less cunning means, changes in the political organization will follow. Th... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (939 Words / 5,838 Characters)
RUSSIA.
Our Russian correspondent writes:
The details of the events which took place last November in the convict Prison of Kara in Eastern Siberia, are now too generally known to need -petition. No further news has yet arrived. The Russian Government, so far has taken no steps in the matter; neither Commander Mossionkov, whose behavior to the female prisoners was the cause of the "starvation strikes I, nor Baron, Korff who ordered the flogging Of Nadyezhda Sigida, have 'been dismissed. It is well known that Ostashkine, the Governor of Yakutsk, received a decoration after the slaughter of exiles last year. The letters from Siberia speak of a report that all the female political prisoners in Kara are to be transferred to the... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,705 Words / 10,415 Characters)
THE RUSSIAN PEASANTRY.
SINCE the publication of this book* Englishmen have for the first time the opportunity of learning the life and ideas, the sufferings and wrongs of the people of Russia. The voiceless, unknown masses of cultivators of the soil, 83 per cent. of the whole population, have hitherto been vaguely pictured in English minds as a herd of coarse and brutalized semi-barbarians. In Stepniak's book they start into vivid reality as a nation of lovable and social human beings. Nay more, they appear before us as men whose social and personal development is in some directions wider than our own, men who bear a message of enlargement to the Teutons and Kelts of Western Europe.
In his previous works S... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (161 Words / 1,035 Characters)
A SCENE IN LONDON.
BOTH of them deaf and close on eighty years old -- She stone-blind, and he nearly so-- Side by side crouching over the fire in a little London hovel--seven shillings a week-- Their joints knotted with rheumatism--their faces all day long mute like statues of all passing expression--(no cloud flying by, no gleam of sunshine there)--lips closed and silent :
But for that now and then taking his pipe out of his mouth, He puts his face close to her ear and yells just a word into it, And she nods her blind head a... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,198 Words / 7,427 Characters)
SCIENTIFIC MUDDLES.
IT is quite possible in our enlightened times to be scientific over much and Anarchists will do well to beware of staking the validity and success of their doctrines of life and society upon the truth of mechanical and fatalistic theories of evolution which attempt to bridge over the gulf that at least appears to gape between physical science and social theory, between the facts of the inanimate and animal world and the facts of human existence. Our danger is that we shall level down, instead of up.
The reflections here presented on this subject have been suggested by a perusal of an article in the Contemporary Review for September last, by Leon Metchnikoff, entitled "Evolution and Revolution."
Metchnikoff... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (654 Words / 3,780 Characters)
SICILIAN MINERS.
The miners who work the sulfur mines in the beautiful island of Sicily are some of the most unhappy victims of oppression on the face of the earth: the oppression of property, we mean. A comrade who has lately been among them sends us a description of the state of things.
You cannot conceive, he writes, a more primitive kind of work; there is no machinery to take the miners down into the pits or to bring the mineral up. All is done by hand, and the "hands" are moody little children. Children, some of whom are only six years old, have to carry on their shoulders loads weighing from one hundred to two hundred pounds, up steep, rough, broken flights of steps for two o... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,254 Words / 8,086 Characters)
THE SITUATION IN FRANCE.
(From our Paris correspondent.)
THE position of parties, political as well as Socialist, has been considerably modified in France, since three years ago. Then there were only two well-defined antagonistic camps facing each other; on the one side the middle-class--Opportunists in power, Monarchists resigned, Radicals waiting their turn; on the other the Socialists of different schools--Revolutionists, Possibilists, Marxists, Independents, Anarchists.
Now a new-comer, Boulangism, has made its appearance upon the scene, and has thrown the two camps into confusion. Exploiting the general discontent against those who govern, who have made the Republi... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- (1,567 Words / 10,130 Characters)
THE SITUATION IN FRANCE.
(From our Paris Correspondent.)
THE most important event to be noticed from the revolutionary Socialist point of view is without doubt the International Anarchist Conference which was held at Paris on Sundays, Sept. 1 and 8. This meeting resembled in no particular the preceding Authoritarian Congresses. There was no president, no bureau, no committee charged with the verification of the delegates' mandates, to bring up reports and do suchlike useless things. The platform was absolutely free for every one to speak who wished, and the most admirable order existed during the two sittings, although the Salle du Commerce, which holds from five to six hundred persons, was quite full.
Aft... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (2,126 Words / 13,127 Characters)
THE SITUATION IN GERMANY.
THE result of the last elections in Germany, the success achieved by the Social Democrats and the defeat of Bismarck, the last move of the German emperor and his flirtations with the workers, are often the subject of lively discussions in this country. Not so lively, however, we must say, and certainly mot so enthusiastic as they might have been expected to be, just as if a certain feeling of distrust was awakened amid the workers by the intrusion of imperialism into their struggle against the exploiters. In fact, the present conditions of Germany are of so complicated a nature, so many factors must be taken into account, that the lack of enthusiasm at the last victories of the German Social Democrats is ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,451 Words / 8,737 Characters)
SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND ANARCHISM.
THE most complicated pieces of mechanism are often not the latest but the earliest results of the inventor's skill in a particular direction. Improvements in machinery very frequently take the form of a reduction in the number of wheels and principles of motion, necessary to obtain the desired result, and a machine is considered to be more nearly perfect in proportion as its action becomes more direct. It is safe to conclude, too, that this law of human progression from the complicated to the direct, is by no means confined to mechanics. In philosophy and in sociology similar phenomena may be observed. Thus the Social Democratic scheme for reorganizing society--based as it i... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (2,055 Words / 12,443 Characters)
SOCIALISM AND SEX.
"THAT will reconcile me to life," writes Emerson, "and renovate nature, to see trifles animated by a tendency, and to know what I am doing." And which of us, tortured and reduced well nigh to despair by the horrible degradation of human dignity in the existing hypocritical and unnatural sexual relations, does not feel the need for such a vision of the end and meaning of our present pain, if still we are to fight on. This essay by K. P.1 is one of those jets of thought which pierce the misty confusion of times when the air is full of the dust of out-worn forms and faded beliefs with a ray of positive and reasoned conviction, pointing the road to a new order in human life more in correspondence ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (1,469 Words / 9,277 Characters)
SOCIALISM IN SCANDINAVIA.
(From a Swedish Correspondent.)
IN an examination into the spread of Socialism in Scandinavia, Denmark must be considered first. This little, but politically active, country has special claims upon our attention, in view of the battle which is being fought with very unequal weapons between the two Socialist parties at present to be found there.
In Denmark, Socialism is as little free from schisms as in other countries. There it has reached the stage at which its speakers and writers declare for Reform or for Revolutionary Socialism. The leaders of the reform section, the now notorious "Central Committee" of the Social Democratic labor party, take their stand on the authoritarian Socialism of Marx, ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (312 Words / 2,029 Characters)
'SOCIALISMO O MONOPOLISMO.'
WE would call the attention of those among our readers who know Italian, to the above work, just published by our comrade S. Merlino. It is a most useful text-book of Anarchist Socialism, and we hope it may shortly make its appearance in English dress.
The author begins by pointing out that our present economic system, in spite of so-called free competition, and other delusive appearances of freedom, is founded upon monopoly. By monopoly he understands the individual appropriation of the wealth of the community by persons who make use of this property to obtain for themselves the fruits of other people's labor. The first part of the book describes the growth of this monopoly ; the second consists of an ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (149 Words / 1,032 Characters)
SOCIALIST PROPAGANDA.
Although we heartily sympathize with our comrades of the Socialist League, Social Democratic Federation, Fabian Society, and all other associations engaged in Socialist propaganda, we by Do means consider all the theories they advance or the methods they advocate beyond question. Probably some of our readers share this view and hold with us that friendly criticism and discussion is a wonderful help in clearing up difficulties, and may aid us all to pierce through the mere formulas of our party into the essence of Socialism. We shall therefore gladly welcome any communication criticizing or commenting upon Socialist speeches and lectures. We propose to publish such communications month by mon... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,184 Words / 7,332 Characters)
THE SOCIAL MOVEMENT IN NORWAY.
(By our Trondhjem correspondent.)
IT is a mistake to suppose that there is no revolutionary movement in Norway. It is a land where the seeds of revolution have always fallen upon good ground.
After the French revolution of 1848, the Communist idea of that time floated over to Norway and spread so fast that by 1850 the whole country was agitated by the Thraniker movement, so named after its leader, Marcus Thrace. But the most energetic spirits were thrown into prison and the agitation suppressed.
Since that time until last year it has been very quiet here among the workers. But the great social movement which has been growing abroad since the Paris Commune, has also reached the land of the... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (1,753 Words / 10,426 Characters)
SOCIETY ON THE MORROW OF THE REVOLUTION,
Translated from the French of JEHAN LE VAGRE.
IV. -THE PUBLIC SERVICES.
THOSE who advocate a system of division of products in the future society argue that on the morrow of the Revolution there will not be enough to meet the unlimited wants of all. We believe this to be a mistake. Even to-day, when waste is everywhere to be seen, and when through the sordid calculations of shameless speculators uncultivated land abounds, production so much exceeds consumption that the unemployed are ever increasing their numbers. What then will it be in a society where no one will have any reason for monopolizing because everyone will be sure of having his wants satisfied everyday; in a socie... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (3,473 Words / 20,397 Characters)
SOCIETY ON THE MORROW OF THE REVOLUTION.
Translated from the French Of JEHAN LE VAGRE.
I.--AUTHORITY AND ORGANIZATION.
Some Anarchists allow themselves to be led into confounding these two very different things. In their hatred of authority, they repel all organization, knowing that the authoritarians disguise under this name the system of oppression which they desire to constitute. Others whilst avoiding falling into this error, go to the other extreme of extolling a thoroughly authoritarian form of organization, which they style anarchist. There is, however, a fundamental difference to be made clear. That which the authoritarians have baptized with the name of' organization is plainly enough a comp... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (1,996 Words / 11,777 Characters)
SOCIETY ON THE MORROW OF THE REVOLUTION.*
Translated front the French of JEHAN LE VAGRE.
VIII.--HARMONY, SOLIDARITY.
IN the preceding chapter we have seen that individuals will be able to group themselves and understand each other in the organization which will result from their daily relations without the necessity for any authority existing among them, by the mere fact that those who group themselves will have the same affinities, the same tendencies, the same end in view. It remains for us to see if the groups can continue their existence side by side without hindering, troubling, or lighting each other. We firmly believe it, and we will explain the reasons which, in our opinion, make this belief a certainty.
&n... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,720 Words / 10,466 Characters)
SOME EFFECTS OF REASON WORSHIP
IN our last paper we noted the change in men's ideas of the world and their own place in it, which has resulted from the increased mental activity of the last four hundred years; and we saw how the splendid conquests of human thinking-power have led to excessive and superstitious reverence for that one faculty. Excessive, because it contemptuously excludes the rest (the greater part) of men's nature; superstitious, because it erects reason into a sort of internal Mumbo Jumbo--mysteriously capable of comprehending, molding, and controlling the will, feeling and action of the whole human being and the whole society.
But what, we may be asked, have the extravagant theo... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (551 Words / 3,475 Characters)
SOME REMARKS ON THE IMMIGRANT SCARE
The defenders and guardians of property are trying to raise such a dust in one comer of the labor market as to divert public attention from the general misery of the workers and stave off the Social Revolution with one more quack reform. They feel specially called upon to inquire into the condition of the comparative handful of Jewish and other foreign immigrants who have fled to London from the persecution and oppression of the ruling classes elsewhere. Very probably the Tory Government might find a new and stringent alien law convenient in dealing with other foreign refugees, besides the victims of the sweating system, if only they could establish any sort of pretext for pr... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (319 Words / 2,210 Characters)
SONG OF REBELLION.
A VOICE FROM IRELAND.
Yes-tear down our homes! leave the hearthstone cold
As the hearts of you who have laid it bare;
And stone from stone let the walls be rolled,
And our home be one with the outer air,
Heap wrong on wrong! We have had to bear
More wrongs than ever our tongues can tell;
One right is left us-we still forbear,
0 England, to use it-the right to rebel!
We have borne so much that a little more,
You think, may be borne by us unrepaid?
And our backs must bow as they bowed before,
While on quivering flesh are the lashes laid?
0 England, are you never afraid
Of us you have tortured so long and so well?
Do you never ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,298 Words / 7,842 Characters)
SPONTANEITY.
"IF there's a Government then I'm agin' it!" We are emphatically of the opinion of that oft quoted Irishman. We are opposed to all centralized administration whether of labor or of affairs. We are in revolt against all domination whether of majority or minority. Of course, therefore, we protest, as against means not in accordance with our ends, against every attempt of the popular party to liberate the people by making use of the machinery of Government.
All this is true of us Anarchists; is it the whole truth? Is this negative policy of perpetual protest essentially Anarchism? Active protest against evil is certainly better than dull submission to it; but he who whilst protesting against a wrong can point to no right... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (860 Words / 5,366 Characters)
SPONTANEITY AGAIN.
WE spoke last month of the overwhelming importance of spontaneity as an element in human existence, and of the necessity for meeting it with full recognition. Perhaps it seemed to some of our readers that such inquiries were of interest but to students and dreamers; too curious for the needs of common life.
Well, the Belgian Workman's Party left all such merely philosophical considerations out of their reckoning when their Executive Council decided that a general strike must be started "to order," at a time when the leaders should have made up their mind that all Was ready. And so, when the spontaneous impulse came to the miners and metalworkers to free themselves this summer from their intoler... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,636 Words / 9,632 Characters)
THE STRIKE MOVEMENT IN GERMANY
RECENT events in the country of the Kaiser have been most encouraging for all those who really wish a happier time for the workers, an for Anarchists especially. In all parts of Germany we have had strikes and rumors of strikes, and although the demands made have not been very important, the general effect of the movement has been excellent and the attitude taken up by the German Emperor and the Prussian capitalists very instructive.
The idea of a. general strike continues to grow in popularity on the Continent and faith in political agitation and methods is giving way. The workers are getting tired of waiting for the parliamentarians to do something for them; they are making tip their minds to do so... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (560 Words / 3,583 Characters)
STRIKES.
STRIKES are a most characteristic form of the struggle between labor and capital in the present century. Their history is important as reflecting all the chief changes that take place from time to time in the political and economic relations between the opposing classes. This history clearly shows a decided tendency to enlarge the field of action and resort to more and more decisive means.
At first strikes were sometimes secretly incited by rival manufacturers and traders to injure some competitor whom they feared. Or, if not deliberately incited, they were taken advantage of by rival competitors. The strikers were not alone in the field, and this caused a strike to be dreaded by the masters. They ne... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,204 Words / 7,707 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM
GREAT BRITAIN.
One remark more on these Irish affairs. All that is required to vote cloture, to vote coercion, is only a hare majority of 10 votes or even of one vote, in the House of Commons. But now were you to demand & change of another kind in the political constitution --- say the abolition of the regal sinecure --- you would be dealt with as a. seditious man proposing to overthrow the very basis of the constitution. Is coercion a less grave alteration in the constitution of a country than the dismissal of a useless but well-paid servant of the people? or the abolition of majority and class rule and the introduction of a better mode of administration of public affairs, than p... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,443 Words / 8,994 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM
IRELAND
The gains and losses during the past four weeks in Ireland have been pretty equally balanced. For although there are. fifty landlords making terms with their tenants to every five still holding out for their old spoils, it must be always remembered that the " good " landlords are "imply the shrewder ones, who know that half a loaf is better than no bread. When Clanricarde's agent sends forth peremptory orders to pay up, and site at the receipt of custom the whole of an appointed day, but goes home at evensong with an empty cash-box under his arm, his master, the usurer, can only vent his spleen by turning out on the bleak road-side some miserable fellow-creature, but that ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,492 Words / 9,480 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
IRELAND
July has been an exciting month. The most striking incident is the death of John Mandeville, who for the crime of having helped Wm. O'Brien to save the Kingston tenantry from ruin was imprisoned in Tullamore Jail during Nov, and December last year. He died on the 8th ult., and a coroner's jury has returned a verdict of "Killed through the brutal and unjustifiable treatment received while in Tullamore Jail." The inquest brought to light many shameful things which the Government no doubt intended to have kept dark, and the horror of it all was accentuated by the suicide of one of the prison doctors who had been suspended as a witness. Dr. Ridley shrank from the judgment of h... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (208 Words / 1,482 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
THE European popular agitation is just now largely expressing itself in street demonstrations; and public meetings; useful occasions for shaping our needs more definitely.
In Denmark Comrade Hindsberg has been dragged before the Criminal Chamber to answer for the revolutionary tendency of his words at a Social Democratic meeting for the unemployed. This has only given him an opportunity of repeat his speech and commenting on the necessity of overthrowing tile existing political and economic system by that force which has presided over its formation and maintenance.
In Italy a wearisome International Congress of Cooperators was held last month at Milan, und... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (2,206 Words / 14,186 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
GERMANY AND AUSTRIA IN 1887.
In no countries more than in these (Russia perhaps excepted) is the history of the revolutionary movement last year such a dreary catalog of persecutions and condemnations.
Sentences to penal servitude (Zuchthaus) and imprisonment have been dealt out with a free hand for no other offenses than distribution of prohibited papers, or even electoral manifestos. Workmen's meetings have been abruptly attacked and dispersed often by the police, sometimes even by the military, with the usual results in the form of wholesale arrests and bloodshed. Some officers and soldiers have been suspected of professing Socialist opinions, and arrested at Munich and elsew... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (921 Words / 5,598 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
ANARCHISTS are credited by their opponents with many dire vises and crimes, but it is generally admitted that they have at least one good quality--they stick to their principles.
It is true that in the opinion of many persons this is a rather disparaging admission, after all, an admission which makes Anarchism, in a society where every one changes his opinions as the wind blows, a sort of rará avis, or rather a "public nuisance." Our adversaries do not presume to stick to principles themselves, and indeed they cannot afford it.
Of course we do not refer here to bourgeois e adversaries. Those lawyers who profess one opinion in court to assist their clients an... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,161 Words / 7,225 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
BELGIUM
THE early days of summer have brought a renewed outbreak of passionate indignation among the Belgian miners against the miseries of the life to which they are condemned. Once again the coal basins are the scene of a strike, which bears the character of an insurrection. Bands of miners are marching through the country inciting their comrades to refuse to work, bridges are destroyed, and traitors' houses tumbled about their ears.
Last year when the miners' insurrection was temporarily suppressed, when the more energetic strikers had been shot down, or condemned to long terms of imprisonment, and the order of starvation and despair restored, then certain theorists set with incre... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (2,156 Words / 13,563 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
IRELAND.
Since Mr. Balfour's Parliamentary statement to the effect that the National League was a thing of the past, owing to his spirited policy of windy proclamations and jail cramming, there have been held more than twenty public meetings of the defunct League, most of them "monster demonstrations.' The weekly business meetings, too, of the various branches have by no means fallen off, on the contrary fresh numbers are added every day. It would appear that there is still enough vitality in the combination to bring tumbling down that exceedingly rotten structure, English Government in Ireland.
The lying boast of Balfour's is backed every other day in Iri... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,119 Words / 7,057 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM
IRELAND
The struggle in Ireland has been victorious in several instances during the past month, Landlords, magistrates and Chief Secretary have yielded to the steady pressure of combination.
O'Callaghan, of Bodyke infamy, who a few months back refused his tenants an abatement of twenty per cent, has surrendered nearly fifty per cent, and has moreover reinstated the thirty-one evicted families. On the Kingston estate (Mitchelstowm) a truce has been proclaimed too. Twenty per cent is to be allowed off all rents, evicted tenants are to be reinstated, all law costs to be home by the landlord and half a year's rent to be taken in lieu of arrears. All over the country abatements are bein... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (293 Words / 1,855 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM
SPAIN
Hunger reigns in Andalusia. At Quersado the workmen are literally starring. At Sevilla they are demonstrating for the same reason, and the civic guard has been sent to preserve order and starvation among them. At Pedroso the same condition. At Loja people parade the streets demanding bread or work. At Linares the work is suspended in ten mines.
ROUMANIA
In Romania the peasants have revolted. They have marched through the country sacking and destroying barns and houses, attacking and punishing proprietors, agents, praefects, and fighting the troops. The militia, and even the regulars have shown an admirable disposition to fraternize with the peo... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (939 Words / 5,826 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
GREAT BRITAIN.
THE main interest of the struggle for freedom still centers in the content for FREE LAND which is being waged throughout the Keltic provinces of Great Britain. Their inhabitants deserve the gratitude of all of the world for their spirited vindication of the social claims of human beings, in face of the oppression, scorn and violence of the ruling classes. The heroic resistance of the Irish to the exactions of landlords is making visible impression on the enemy. Everywhere proprietors wise in their generation, are reducing their demands, and authorities are declining to give even moral support to the foolish. English papers talk openly on the need of getting rid of Irish landlords, whilst Sir R... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (2,491 Words / 15,482 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
BRITAIN.
THE UNEMPLOYED OF LONDON.--Towards the middle of last month the increasing number of Londoners who could get no work to do began to assemble day by day in Trafalgar Square to discuss their situation and endeavor to force the property-monopolists to allow them to labor. On October 19 they marched in procession, with black flags flying, to wait on Sir James Ingram at Bow Street Police Court, where that respectable magistrate informed them that they were "making a theatrical exhibition," and that "the law provided a sufficient maintenance for persons who chose to avail themselves of it." Asked if he would give them food and shelter in prison if they sacked bakers' shops, he repl... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (2,331 Words / 14,133 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
THE spirit of revolt has been the saving grace of humanity. The whole story of our race is full of the resistance of the mass of mankind (always from the earliest dawn of our knowledge, more or less consciously social animals)-to the anti-social spirit of domination of certain individuals, the strongest, subtlest, and least scrupulous of the community. Without such resistance to the authority usurped by man over man, human Society must have withered away, and human beings become as unsocial as hawks and tigers. That fate has been spared us. On the contrary, the struggle for freedom has continually increased in volume and in intensity. The blind instinct which seems to have prompted its... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,032 Words / 6,559 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
IRELAND
The battering-ram has been idle on the Vandeleur estates because the police and military have been on duty for the Marquis Clanricarde at Woodford during September. The Woodford men and women have shown good fight and in more than one instance the defense fully equaled in determination and gallantry that made by the Somers household at Coolroe. At Tully's house emergency-men, battering-ram, police with naked swords and gleaming bayonets, were hours before effecting an entrance. The garrison, fifteen in number, two of them women, were all more or less seriously wounded. Tully himself had to be carried out, having received severe internal injuries from the butt ends of muskets.... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (2,782 Words / 16,891 Characters)
THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM.
ENGLAND.
Already the unemployed are driven into an open manifestation of their misery. During the last fortnight in August they have been meeting in small knots in Hyde Park, and latterly the little groups have begun to swell into considerable meetings, energetically addressed by various Socialist comrades and calling for the fraternal attention of the "moral miracles." No doubt we shall presently hear that "I, Charles Warren," forbid public meetings in the parks as well as the Square and the streets. Meanwhile the metropolitan poor law returns show a higher rate of pauperism than ever, and the trades unions report between 3 and 4 per cent of skilled and organized workers unemployed e... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (720 Words / 4,260 Characters)
The Thermometer of Revolution,
EVERYONE knows the 'game in which one child has to find a thing hidden by the rest whilst he was out of the room. He guesses the whereabouts of the concealed article by the shouts of the others, who cry "Cold," "Warm," "Hot," "Very hot," as be draws nearer and nearer to the hiding-place. If the workers keep a close watch on the fears of their masters they may gain some such clue for their own guidance in their search for the true cause of their degradation and wretchedness.
They may observe, for instance, that the Powers that be take demands for extension of the franchise with much calmness. Reform of municipalities, of the pension list, of the civil ser... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (674 Words / 4,010 Characters)
THINGS OF TO-DAY.
Whose fault is it?
GOVERNMENTS exist, we are told, as a terror to evil doers, the presumption of course being that they themselves are among such as do well. From this point of view it is interesting to glance now and again at the doings of our rulers. One may always profit by observing the conduct of the virtuous.
At the present moment, for example, the English Government are employing a number of men to murder the people and ravage the country of Burmah. The reason? The greed of English traders demands that portion of the earth's surface as a base of operations, if France is to monopolize Tonquin. In other words, if Louis steals, John must be allowed to steal too. In excuse it is ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,703 Words / 10,117 Characters)
THINGS OF TO-DAY.
A GREAT statesman, a great soldier, a great scientist have favored the world in the course of the last month with their opinions upon the prospects and conditions of our society ; and it is hard to decide whether Bismarck, Moltke, or Huxley bears off the palm for brutal frankness. Sincerity, however, is much. It is well that men on the topmost rung of the social ladder should shout their observations upon our civilization to the listening crowd below. Let us listen to what they tell us.
Moltke says that the big States of Europe are founded upon sheer brute force, and maintained by sheer brute force. The modern State and all its institutions stand or fall with the army. Peace within and without is only preserved b... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (611 Words / 3,674 Characters)
THE TRADE UNION CONGRESS.
WE are very well pleased with the results of the Liverpool Trade Union Congress. The party of inaction, the "old gang" of place-hunters have been thoroughly worsted by the upholders of the "new" unionism, and the latter have taken a firm hold of the controlling power of the trade unions of this country. The organizations are pledged to a policy of very much greater activity, they have endorsed Socialism to a very considerable extent, they have declared their desire to have an eight hour law passed in the imperial parliament, they have elected John Burns on their parliamentary committee and they have discarded Shipton as parliamentary secretary. The men who in the past criticized the "Do-nothing" party in the se... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (767 Words / 4,856 Characters)
TREACHERY AND MURDER.
THE rulers of America threaten the world with two fresh outrages upon humanity.
In America, as in some other unhappy lands, there are certain ambitious individuals who take upon themselves to pose as servants, representatives, and guardians of their fellows. And in America, as elsewhere, these officious persons serve, represent, and guard nothing and nobody except property and property monopolists.
A hundred years ago they made a set of rules for this purpose, called the Constitution. Mr. Gladstone says it is the finest thing of the sort devised by man. In accordance with these rules the great mass of American citizens have submitted for ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (138 Words / 942 Characters)
THE TRIUMPH OF CIVILISATION.
ON the outskirts of a great city,
A street of fashionable mansions well withdrawn from all the noise
and bustle;
And in the street--the only figure there--in the middle of the road,
in the bitter wind --
Red-nosed thin-shawled, with ankles bare and old boots--
A woman bent and haggard, croaking a dismal song.
And the great windows stare upon her wretchedness, and stare across
the road upon each other,
With big fool eyes;
But not a door is opened, not a face is seen,
Nor form of life down all the dreary street,
To certify the existence of humanity,--
Other than hers.
Freedom: A Journal of Anarchist Socialism
Vol. 1 -- No. 1,
O... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,534 Words / 9,111 Characters)
A TRUE ANARCHIST
Our lion-hearted comrade Louise Michel is as true to Anarchist principles in her conduct as she is energetic in their propagation.
On Sunday, January 22nd, she went to Le Havre to deliver two lectures for the benefit of L'Idee Ouvriere the organ of the Anarchist groups in the town and neighborhood. Both meetings were crowded and enthusiastic, but at that in the Gaiety Music Hall, where about two thousand were assembled in the evening, some disturbance was made during the lecture, and some factious opposition offered afterwards by a noisy group of Conservatives. They wanted to know what was to be done with the pennies charged for admission (the meetings were organized, as we have said, for t... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (442 Words / 2,875 Characters)
THE UNEMPLOYED IN AUSTRALIA.
(From our Victorian Correspondent)
THE unemployed, to the number of about 5,000, have been holding their periodical agitation in Melbourne. Anarchists, of course, have taken the opportunity to address them; but the movement is in the hands of Suite Socialist agitators, who do not conceal the fact that they are trying to get into Parliament. Nothing much has been gained by appealing to the Government. The Salvation Army established a labor bureau and gave food to those who stood in need of it, and the Government officially recognized them as the medium of communication for the unemployed, the officers of the State being instructed to make inquiries as to openings for labor in their districts and furnish th... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (1,015 Words / 6,030 Characters)
THE USE OF THE STRIKE.
The workers of England have been bestirring themselves again during the past few weeks. This is a good and encouraging sign, although the demands made are comparatively trifling. It shows a healthy discontent with existing conditions, a kind of feeling that the capitalist is not doing quite the square thing by the worker. We are sure that at bottom this movement is due to the impetus of the energetic revolutionary nucleus of Socialists, which now exists in every large industrial center and among every large body of workers in the country. It is our work to fan the flame by increasing the number of those who strive for a really fair division of the profits of labor, that is to say, for a total abolition of ex... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,039 Words / 5,894 Characters)
VILLAGE LIFE IN DORSETSHIRE.
I remember when laborers were paid only seven or eight shillings a-week, and their food was mostly barley cake and potatoes. They used to help themselves to swede turnips out of the fields, and to all the fuel they cooked with. They are better off now, but still it is sad enough.
The people have been driven out of the villages to seek work in the towns. In 1857 the population of this village was 595, and in 1881 it was 422-a decrease of 173 in 30 years. The number of houses is less by 24.
At the present time a farm laborer has eleven shillings a-week wages, and a house valued at from one shilling to eighteen pence a week rent. In ... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (547 Words / 3,329 Characters)
A VOICE FROM THE DEAD.
'THE last service rendered by Albert Parsons to the cause of the people, before he laid down his life on their behalf, was to put i together as well as the cruel circumstances of his imprisonment won -permit an explanation of the principles for which he died.* This 1 book, compiled last autumn under the very shadow of the gallows, ties now been published by his devoted comrade and wife, Lucy Parsons, and we heartily commend it to our readers' attention.
The first part contains an interesting summary by Parsons himself of the rise of capitalism in the United States. Until the tragedy of ,Chicago riveted our eyes upon the American labor movement, we European Socialists were too much inc... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1889 ~ (1,885 Words / 11,034 Characters)
WHAT IS ANARCHISM?
To the Editor of "Freedom."
DEAR COMRADE,-A number of the members of the Socialist League here, are greatly interested in the discussion that bag recently appeared in Commonweal concerning the difference between the principles of Anarchist Communism and those of unqualified Communism or Socialism. We have long been anxious to understand clearly and definitively what that difference is.
The statement of principles contained in the two letters of William Morris (May 18 and August 17) appears to us to fully embrace all the communism and liberty that is needful and indeed possible among men. Knowing, however, that there are many brave and highly gifted men who call themselves Anarchist Communists in distincti... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (1,398 Words / 8,360 Characters)
WHAT MUST WE DO?
IF the forecasts contained in our preceding articles are correct; if we are really on the eve of a period to be characterized by great movements breaking out all over Europe, which movements will not only modify the present Governments, but also alter the established rights of property-and the more intelligent people even among the ruling classes have not the slightest doubt upon the subject--then the question necessarily arises: What shall the working-classes attempt to realize during the disturbed period we are approaching? In view of the coming revolution, what is their program?
The ruling classes know pretty well what they will do. Their program is settled; it is to maintain by every pos... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1886 ~ (1,285 Words / 7,976 Characters)
WHAT REVOLUTION MEANS.
WE said, in our preceding article, that a great revolution is growing up in Europe. We approach a time when the slow evolution which has been going on during the second part of our century, but is still prevented from finding its way into life, will break through the obstacles lying in its path and will try to remodel society according to the new needs and tendencies. Such has been, until now, the law of development in societies; and the present unwillingness of the privileged classes to recognize the justice of the claims of the unprivileged, sufficiently shows that the lessons of the past have not profited them. Evolution will assume its feverish shape-Revolution.
But what is a revolut... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (252 Words / 1,538 Characters)
WHO WILL GO ?
A comrade writes to us from Staffordshire: "I am sorry I cannot report any progress in propaganda or 'increase in numbers. It is difficult to agitate here; the workers live scattered about and are in a deplorable state of ignorance. Many of the older men and women can neither read nor write sad the ""adult classes" here only serve the purpose of hypocrisy and superstition, the "education" consisting merely in reading and writing from the Bible. What we require is a few intelligent and energetic young follows to settle down and work among the miners, quarrymen, brickmakers, sanitary pipe makers, iron-founders or furnacemen. Wages, of course, are very low, but a single man can board and lodge very well for 15s. weekly.... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,067 Words / 6,269 Characters)
MANY Socialists have joined in the outcry of certain Trade Unionists and Radicals against the employment of women in work which the women think suitable and the men do not. They have done so on the plea that the women's labor is simply used by capitalists to reduce men's wages. Their argument is perfectly correct as far as it goes, but it goes a very little way. Roughly speaking, it is probably true that the total of men's wages is decreased by something like the amount they would require to support the said women as their chattel-slaves. The women become the wage-slaves of the capitalist, and the workman is deprived of his dependent domestic serf. A man and woman both working often earn between them only about as much as the man alone co... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,085 Words / 6,667 Characters)
THE WOMEN OF THE COMMUNE
WE have all been so drilled from our youth up in the prejudices of property and authority that even the workers, for whom property and authority have done so little, are not free from superstitious belief in their necessity. Especially we are all too much inclined to believe that mere confusion must follow on a popular revolt, unless some central or local authority be immediately set up to control social life and reorganize the people.
During the Commune of 1871, the newly-elected Municipal Government was too deeply engaged by the enemy at the gates to make many attempts at social reconstruction. Was the city, in which so much of the old order had been overth... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (3,062 Words / 18,212 Characters)
WORK AND ORGANISATION.
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
(A Paper read by Dr. Merlino at the October Freedom Discussion Meeting.)
WE now enter upon the crucial point of all socialistic systems-the Organization of Labor-the great problem with which we shall be confronted at the breakdown of the capitalistic system. We will first take a general view of what the future organization of labor may be.
If we allow a central government, or any authority whatever, to exist and regulate our affairs, we have no natural but an artificial system of production and distribution enforced, a system which will be held by the men who profit by it, as consented to by all members of society, irrevocable at least for a time, and vesti... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1888 ~ (1,383 Words / 8,214 Characters)
WORK AND SOCIAL UTILITY.
THE word work, like "the word honesty, has obtained a quite peculiar meaning under the capitalist system of production. It is used indiscriminately for every sort of human labor. Yet how can any labor differ more widely than the slavery of a tram conductor from the free and useful work of the village blacksmith in Longfellow's poem-
"Toiling,-rejoicing,-sorrowing, Onward through life he goes; Each morning sees some task begun, Each evening sees its close; Something attempted, something done, Has earned a night's repose."
Work in the true sense means neither enforced and slavish toil nor the purposeless efforts of the man who plays with some occupation for mere amusement.
&n... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1887 ~ (1,237 Words / 7,228 Characters)
WORK AND THE WORKERS IN SHEFFIELD.
A FIRST IMPRESSION.
SHEFFIELD is one of the most beautifully situated and one of the most hideously built towns in England. Grimy rows of squalid houses, broken by dirty yards and courts and noisy factories, the whole over-hung with a perpetual cloud of brown-black smoke, raining a shower of soot; that is one's first impression of Sheffield.
On a nearer view, the life of the inmates of these houses, the workers in these factories, appears a, dark and ugly as their surroundings. In the hardware trade the struggle of the big and little industries still continues. One sees the small manufacturer, who rents a workshop or a place in a grinder's "hull," with its machine-tools a... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Anarchism : Anarchist and Anti-Authoritarianism -- 1890 ~ (546 Words / 3,215 Characters)
"WORK WHILE IT IS DAY; THE NIGHT COMETH WHEN NO MAN CAN WORK."
The time was Spring and the man's heart was glad within him at the thought of his garden and of the flowers which he would plant there and the seeds be would sown. And he rose in the morning and the sun laughed through the fleecy clouds and soft showers that kissed the breast of the fruitful earth.
In the orchard among the blossomed fruit trees the birds were making love. The whole world laughed to sea itself so beautiful.
A morning of sunlight and soft airs and hope and promise.
Who could work on such a morning?
So the man said: "I will walk with my beloved between the green hedges and gather the primroses and violets, and I can think and... (From : AnarchyArchives.)

Wilson, Charlotte - Charlotte M. Wilson was an English Fabian and anarchist who co-founded Freedom newspaper in 1886 with Peter Kropotkin, and edited, published, and largely financed it during its first decade. She remained editor of Freedom until 1895.