Political Science

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Transcript of Political Science

Political Ideologies Ideology is defined as the principles that motivate political parties, providing a vision of the society they want to create Unifying force between members and supporters Ideology is not always the guiding force in political parties American parties are less ideological. Western European parties are based on ideology Leftist parties: Pragmatism Sometimes, ideology is not as prominent as a driving force that motivates a political party... Marxists ---> refer as a coherent set of ideas, beliefs and values through which an individual can make sense of the social world they inhabit. Individualism and collectivism are important ways of differentiating political ideologies Individualism: . Own interests . Achieve self-fulfilment Colectivism: . Achieve commonly agreed goals . Group need above individual needs . Commonly related with socialism. Political Spectrum ---> a way of placing different political ideologies in relation to the others, showing the similarities and differences that exist between them. Division: . Left . Center . Right Body Body Body Body Body Body Body Body Center Socialism Communism Anarchism Progressivism Liberalism Social Democracy Conservatism Facism New Right Socialism appears as a reaction of capitalism. It rejects a society in which the inequalities in the distribution of wealth and political power result in social injustice Different ideas of socialism:. fundamentalist socialists believe that control of all means of productions is indispensable. . reforming the capitalist system rather than abolishing it ---> social democracy Left Right x --->There are not social classes in communism ---> Not private property ---> States that have called themselves “communists” have not achieved the ideal situation presented by Marx. Anarchism could easily mean “no rules” Abolition of political authorities especially the law and order social order will develop naturally Social democracy suggests that social inequalities could be changed with a level of state intervention Keynes ---> market economy should be subject of state intervention. Liberalism emphasized individualism and mentions that human beings should exercise the maximum possible freedom with the others being able to enjoy the same liberty opposition to the intervention of the state in everyday lives of its citizens Progressivism is generally identified with the centre-left of the political spectrum and seeks social and political reform which has to be beneficial to the majority of the population. Neo-liberalism: seeks economic liberalism, private enterprises and the free market fear or skepticism towards change There is support for the private ownership, this results in opposition to any form of social protest Conservatism rejects the goal of equality opposition to communism and Marxism This ideology also emphasizes the importance of nation and race, in consequence there is a desire of territorial expansion and the practice of racism and genocide Works Cited:.http://soc202.wordpress.com/module-2-global-economic-inequalities/economic-inequality/. 30/09/2012. "Economic Inequality".Peter Joyce. Politics.