1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.

Pasteurized Milk Food Category: Contamination Data

Refer- ence

Food

Geo-graph- icRe- gion1

Coun- try

Pub. Date2

Sam- ple Col- lec-tion3

Number of Samples (values in cfu/g units)

Total # of Sam- ples from the refer- ence

<0.04

≥0.04

>0.01- 0.1

>0.1-1

<0.3

0.3- <10

<10

≥10

10- 100

<20

20- 100

<100

>100

100- 1000

1E2- 1E4

<200

200- 500

200- 1000

<500

>1000

1E3- 1E4

>1E4

1E4- 1E5

>1E5

1E5- 1E6

>1E6

Ahrabi et al., 1997

Milk, cow's

2

Tur- key

2

R

20

19

1

Arnold and Coble, 1995

Milk, cow's

1

Aus- tralia

2

R

33

33

0

Baek et al., 2000

Milk, pas- teur- ized

2

Korea

3

R

26

26

0

Bec- kers et al, 1987

Milk, cow's

1

Ne- ther- lands

1

?

41

41

0

Casa- rotti et al., 1994

Milk, cow's

2

Brazil

2

R

20

20

0

Farber et al., 1989

Milk, cow's

1

Can- ada

1

R

14

14

0

Fer- nandez Garay- zabal et al., 1986

Milk, cow's

1

Spain

1

P

28

22

6

Gelosa, 1990

Milk, cow's

1

Italy

1

R

7

7

0

Gohil et al., 1995

Milk, cow's

2

UA Emi- rates

2

R

182

182

0

Green- away and Drew, 1990

Milk, cow's

1

Aus- tralia

1

P

77

77

0

Green- wood et al., 1991

Milk, cow's

1

UK

1

R

1039

1028

11

Har- tung, M. 2000b

Milk, pas- teur- ized

1

Ger- many

3

R

651

651

0

Har- tung, 2001

Milk, pas- teur- ized

1

Ger- many

3

R

1452

1451

E4

1

Har- tung, M., 1999

Milk, UHT

1

Ger- many

3

R

28

28

0

Har- tung, M., 1999

Pas- teur- ized milk

1

Ger- many

3

R

690

690

0

Harvey and Gil- mour, 1992

Milk, cow's

1

Nor- thern Ireland

1

95

94

1

Ibrahim et al., 1992

Milk, cow's

1

Hun- gary

1

R

100

100

0

Ibrahim et al., 1992

Milk, cow's

1

Hun- gary

1

R

60

53

7

Frye/ IDFA, 2000b

Milk, cow's whole

1

USA

3

R

1897

1897

0

Frye/ IDFA, 2000b

Milk, cow's skim

1

USA

3

R

1846

1845

1

Frye/ IDFA, 2000b

Milk, cow's Choco- late

1

USA

3

R

1669

1669

0

Frey/ IDFA, 2000b

Milk, cow's re- duced fat

1

USA

3

R

107

107

0

Frye/ IDFA, 2000b

Milk, cow's

1

USA

3

R

285

285

0

Kozak et al., 1996

Milk, choco- late

1

USA

1

P

415

410

5

Kozak et al., 1996

Milk, lowfat

1

USA

1

P

282

282

0

Kozak et al., 1996

Milk, skim

1

USA

1

P

98

98

0

Kozak et al., 1996

Milk, whole

1

USA

1

P

350

348

2

Laciar et al., 1999

Milk, cow's

2

Argen- tina

3

P

80

80

0

Mc- Laugh- lin and Gilbert, 1990

Milk, cow's

1

UK

1

?

469

469

0

Mick- ova, 1991

Milk, cow's

1

Czech- oslo- vakia

1

P

30

30

0

Moura et al., 1993

Milk, cow's

2

Brazil

1

P

220

220

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Milk, choco- late

1

USA

3

R

7

7

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Milk, cow's

1

USA

3

R

39

39

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Milk, goat's

1

USA

3

R

1

1

0

Rola, 1994

Milk, cow's

1

Poland

1

?

73

73

0

Roy, 1992

Milk, cow's

1

Scot- land

1

?

115

111

4

Sharif and Tunail, 1991

Milk, cow's

2

Tur- key

1

R

22

22

0

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Milk, cow's

1

Ger- many

1

R?

443

442

1

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Milk, treated

1

Ger- many

1

R?

41

39

E

2

Tis- cione et al., 1994

Milk, cow's

1

Italy

2

P

50

50

0

Vena- bles, 1989

Milk, cow's

1

Aus- tralia

1

P

206

205

1

West and North York- shire Joint Work- ing Group, 1991

Milk, cow's

1

UK

1

R

66

65

E

1

Total=

12407

12363

40

1

3

1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.

Non-pasteurized Milk Food Category: Contamination Data

Refer- ence

Food

Geo-graph- icRe- gion1

Coun- try

Pub. Date2

Sam- ple Col- lec-tion3

Number of Samples (values in cfu/g units)

Total # of Sam- ples from the refer- ence

<0.04

≥0.04

>0.01- 0.1

>0.1-1

<0.3

0.3- <10

<10

≥10

10- 100

<20

20- 100

<100

>100

100- 1000

1E2- 1E4

<200

200- 500

200- 1000

<500

>1000

1E3- 1E4

>1E4

1E4- 1E5

>1E5

1E5- 1E6

>1E6

Abou- Eleinin et al., 2000

Milk, raw goat

1

USA

3

P

450

433

17

Anony- mous, 1989

Cows' milk

1

France

1

?

1409

1324

85

Arias et al., 1994

Cows' milk

2

Costa Rica

2

P

220

220

0

Baek et al., 2000

Milk, raw

2

Korea

3

R

45

43

2

Beckers et al., 1987

Cows' milk

1

Ne- ther- lands

1

?

137

131

E4

6

Casa- rotti et al., 1994

Cows' milk

2

Brazil

2

R

20

20

0

David- son et al., 1989

Cows' milk

1

Can- ada

1

P

256

252

4

Desma- sures et al., 1997

Cows' milk

1

France

2

P

69

65

4

Domin- guez Rodri- gues et al., 1985

Cows' milk

1

Spain

1

P

95

52

43

Don- nelly et al., 1988

Cows' milk

1

USA

1

P

939

924

15

Doyle and Schoe- ni, 1986

Cows' milk

1

USA

1

P

50

50

0

El Mar- rakchi et al., 1993

Cows' milk

2

Mor- occo

1

R

30

27

3

El- Leboudy and Fayad, 1992

Cows' milk

2

Egypt

1

P

236

229

7

Farber et al., 1988

Cows' milk

1

Can- ada

1

P

445

439

6

Fedio and Jack- son, 1990

Cows' milk

1

Can- ada

1

P

36

35

1

Fedio and Jack- son, 1990

Cows' milk

1

Can- ada

1

P

36

32

4

Fedio and Jack- son, 1990

Cows' milk

1

Can- ada

1

P

426

418

8

Fenlon and Wilson, 1989

Cows' milk

1

Sco- tland

1

P

540

526

14

Fenlon et al., 1995

Cows' milk

1

Sco- tland

2

P

727

638

44

32

13

Fer- nandez Garay- zabul et al., 1987

Cows' milk

1

Spain

1

P

67

37

30

Frye/ IDFA, 2000

Milk, raw goat

1

USA

3

R

65

64

1

Frye/ IDFA, 2000

Milk, raw

1

USA

3

R

194

193

1

Gledel, 1986

Milk, cow's

1

France

1

?

51

41

10

Gledel, 1986

Milk, cow's

1

France

1

?

337

323

14

Green- wood et al., 1991

Milk, cow's

1

UK

1

P

361

348

13

Har- tung, 2000a.

Raw milk for sale (raw milk off farm)

1

Ger- many

3

R

187

184

3

Har- tung, 2000a.

Milk, un- treated (bulk raw milk)

1

Ger- many

3

R

964

955

9

Har- tung, 2000a.

Milk, cer- tified raw

1

Ger- many

3

R

415

415

0

Har- tung, 1999

Raw milk for sale (raw milk off farm)

1

Ger- many

3

R

166

165

1

Har- tung, 1999

Milk, un- treated (bulk raw milk)

1

Ger- many

3

R

1273

1263

10

Har- tung, 1999

Milk, cer- tified & raw

1

Ger- many

3

R

439

439

0

Harvey and Gil- mour, 1992

Milk, cow's

1

N. Ire- land

1

P

176

149

27

Laciar et al., 1999

Milk, cow's

2

Ar- gen- tina

3

P?

208

207

1

Liewen and Plautz, 1988

Milk, cow's

1

USA

1

P

200

192

8

Lovett et al., 1987

Milk, cow's

1

USA

1

P

650

623

27

Luis- juan- Morales et al., 1995

Milk, cow's

1

Mex- ico

2

R

100

100

0

Lund et al., 1991

Milk, cow's

1

USA

1

P

300

291

9

Mc- Lauch- lin and Gilbert, 1990

Milk, cow's

1

UK

1

?

331

323

8

Mc- Lauch- lin and Gilbert, 1990

Non- bovine

1

UK

1

?

412

412

0

Mc- Lauch- lin et al., 1990

Milk, goat's

1

UK

1

P

7

7

0

Moura et al., 1993

Milk, cow's

2

Brazil

1

P

220

199

21

Oni et al., 1989

Milk, cow's

2

Nig- eria

1

P

150

149

1

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Milk, cow's

1

USA

3

R

385

384

1

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Milk, goat's

1

USA

3

R

171

171

0

Patter- son et al., 1989

Milk, cow's

1

USA

1

P

12

12

0

Razavi- Rohani and Hedaia- tinia, 1990

Milk, cow's

2

Iran

1

P/R

190

186

4

Rea et al., 1992

Milk, cow's

1

Ire- land

1

P

589

560

29

Rodler and Köer- bler, 1989

Milk, cow's

1

Hun- gary

1

P

80

77

3

Rohr- bach et al., 1992

Milk, cow's

1

USA

1

P

292

280

12

Slade and Collins-Thomp- son, 1988

Milk, cow's

1

Can- ada

1

P

315

298

17

Steele et al., 1997

Milk, cow's (farm bulk tank)

1

Can- ada

2

P

1720

1673

47

Stone, 1987

Milk, cow's

1

New Zea- land

1

P

71

71

0

Takai et al., 1990

Milk, cow's

1

Japan

1

P

120

120

0

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Milk, cow's

1

Ger- many

1

R?

97

93

E

4

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Milk, cow's

1

Ger- many

1

R?

256

256

0

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Non- bovine

1

Ger- many

1

R?

39

39

0

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Non- bovine

1

Ger- many

1

R?

4

4

0

Váz- quez- Salinas et al. 2001

Milk, raw

1

Mex- ico

3

P

1300

1138

162

Total=

19080

18299

726

32

13

10

1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.

Frozen Dairy Products Food Category: Contamination Data

Refer- ence

Food

Geo-graph- icRe- gion1

Coun- try

Pub. Date2

Sam- ple Col- lec-tion3

Number of Samples (values in cfu/g units)

Total # of Sam- ples from the refer- ence

<0.04

≥0.04

>0.01- 0.1

>0.1-1

<0.3

0.3- <10

<10

≥10

10- 100

<20

20- 100

<100

>100

100- 1000

1E2- 1E4

<200

200- 500

200- 1000

<500

>1000

1E3- 1E4

>1E4

1E4- 1E5

>1E5

1E5- 1E6

>1E6

Arnold and Coble, 1995

Ice cream

1

Aus- tralia

2

R

166

143

23

Baek et al., 2000

Ice cream

2

Korea

3

R

132

124

8

Choi et al., 2001

Ice cream

2

Korea

3

R

25

25

0

Cift- cioglu et al., 1992

Ice cream

2

Tur- key

1

?

50

45

5

Farber et al., 1989

Ice cream, novel- ty

1

Can- ada

1

P

51

50

1

Farber et al., 1989

Ice cream

1

Can- ada

1

P

394

393

1

Farber et al., 1989

Ice cream mix

1

Can- ada

1

P

85

85

0

Frye, 2000

Frozen dairy pro- ducts

1

USA

3

R

69

65

4

Green- wood et al., 1991

Ice cream

1

UK

1

R

150

147

3

Har- tung, 2000a.

Ice cream =spei- seeis

1

Ger- many

3

R

2490

2489

1

Har- tung, 2001

Spei- seeis =ice cream

1

Ger- many

3

R

1694

1692

2

Har- tung, 2001

Spei- seeis =ice cream

1

Ger- many

3

R

1696

1694

E4

2

Har- tung, 1999

Ice cream =spei- seeis

1

Ger- many

3

R

2628

2625

3

Hein- itz, 1999

Ice cream

1

USA

3

P

294

270

24

IDFA, 1999

Ice cream, novel- ties

1

USA

3

R

1227

1196

31

IDFA, 1999

Ice cream, novel- ties (0.01 detec- tion limit)

1

USA

3

R

19320

19311

9

IDFA, 1999

Ice cream/ frozen yogurt

1

USA

3

R

517

517

0

Kozak et al., 1996

Ice cream, novel- ty

1

USA

2

P

351

321

30

Kozak et al., 1996

Ice cream

1

USA

2

P

716

688

28

Kozak et al., 1996

Ice milk

1

USA

2

P

42

42

0

Mai- freni et al., 1993

Ice cream

1

Ger- many

1

R

396

396

0

Mc- Lauch- lin and Gil- bert, 1990

Ice cream

1

UK

1

?

274

257

17

Monge et al., 1994

Ice cream

1

Cos- ta Rica

2

R

50

49

1

Monge et al., 1994

Ice cream

1

Cos- ta Rica

2

R

50

49

1

Ng and Seah, 1995

Ice cream

2

Sing- apore

2

P/R

61

61

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- cul- ture, 2001

Frozen yogurt

1

USA

3

R

31

31

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- cul- ture, 2001

Ice cream

1

USA

3

R

106

106

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- cul- ture, 2001

Ice cream mix

1

USA

3

R

57

57

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- cul- ture, 2001

Ice cream, novel- ty

1

USA

3

R

2

2

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- cul- ture, 2001

Ice milk

1

USA

3

R

82

82

0

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Ice cream, iced pro- ducts

1

Ger- many

1

R?

63

63

0

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Ice cream, iced pro- ducts

1

Ger- many

1

R?

5

5

0

Un- ilever, 2000

Ice cream

2

O- cea- nia/ Asia/ Afri- ca

3

P

21416

21413

3

Uni- lever, 2000

Ice cream

1

A- mer- ica

3

P

16387

16382

5

Uni- lever, 2000

Ice cream

1

Eu- rope

3

P

99216

99160

56

Warke et al., 2000

Ice creams

2

India

3

R

30

29

1

West and North York- shire Joint Work- ing Group, 1991

Ice cream

1

UK

1

R

68

65

2

1

Total=

170391

170129

259

1

2

1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.

Cultured Milk Products Category: Contamination Data

Refer- ence

Food

Geo-graph- icRe- gion1

Coun- try

Pub. Date2

Sam- ple Col- lec-tion3

Number of Samples (values in cfu/g units)

Total # of Sam- ples from the refer- ence

<0.04

≥0.04

>0.01- 0.1

>0.1-1

<0.3

0.3- <10

<10

≥10

10- 100

<20

20- 100

<100

>100

100- 1000

1E2- 1E4

<200

200- 500

200- 1000

<500

>1000

1E3- 1E4

>1E4

1E4- 1E5

>1E5

1E5- 1E6

>1E6

Green- wood et al., 1991

Yogurt

1

UK

1

R?

180

176

3

1

McLauch- lin and Gilbert, 1990

Yogurt

1

UK

1

?

209

209

0

McLauch- lin et al., 1990

Yogurt

1

UK

1

R

2

2

0

Ng and Seah, 1995

Yogurt

2

Sing- apore

2

P/R

40

40

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Butte- rmilk

1

USA

3

R

5

5

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Sour cream

1

USA

3

R

5

5

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Yogurt

1

USA

3

R

4

4

0

West and North Yorkshire Joint Working Group, 1991

Yogurt

1

UK

1

R

45

45

0

Total=

490

486

3

1

1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.

High Fat and Other Dairy Products: Contamination Data

Refer- ence

Food

Geo-graph- icRe- gion1

Coun- try

Pub. Date2

Sam- ple Col- lec-tion3

Number of Samples (values in cfu/g units)

Total # of Sam- ples from the refer- ence

<0.04

≥0.04

>0.01- 0.1

>0.1-1

<0.3

0.3- <10

<10

≥10

10- 100

<20

20- 100

<100

>100

100- 1000

1E2- 1E4

<200

200- 500

200- 1000

<500

>1000

1E3- 1E4

>1E4

1E4- 1E5

>1E5

1E5- 1E6

>1E6

Frye, 2000

Butter

1

USA

3

R

23

23

0

Green- wood et al., 1991

Cream, pas- teurized

1

UK

1

R

40

40

0

Har- tung, 2000a.

milk pro- ducts

1

Ger- many

3

R

958

956

2

Har- tung, 2000a.

milk pro- ducts,

1

Ger- many

3

R

6567

6538

29

Har- tung, 2001

milk pro- ducts,

1

Ger- many

3

R

266

264

2

Har- tung, 2001

milk pro- ducts,

1

Ger- many

3

R

537

533

E4

4

Har- tung, 1999

milk pro- ducts

1

Ger- many

3

R

45

45

0

Har- tung, 1999

milk pro- ducts,

1

Ger- many

3

R

8732

8552

180

Heinitz, 1999

milk pro- duct

1

USA

3

P

32

32

0

Heinitz, 1999

Milk pro- ducts (not cheese or ice cream)

1

USA

3

P

271

267

4

Karpis- kova et al., 2000

Dairy pro- ducts

1

Czech Rep- ublic

3

R

209

207

2

Kozak et al., 1996

Butter

1

USA

2

P

30

30

0

Kozak et al., 1996

Cream

1

USA

2

P

52

52

0

Kozak et al., 1996

Cream half & half

1

USA

2

P

42

42

0

Mc- Lauch- lin and Gilbert, 1990

Cream

1

UK

1

?

116

116

0

Ng and Seah, 1995

cream

2

Sing- apore

2

P/R

17

17

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Pud- ding, choco- late

1

USA

3

R

2

2

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Egg nog

1

USA

3

R

4

4

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Half & half

1

USA

3

R

7

7

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Milk- shake

1

USA

3

R

55

55

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Dip

1

USA

3

R

42

40

2

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Whip- ping cream

1

USA

3

R

6

6

0

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Butter

1

Ger- many

1

R?

19

14

E

5

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Butter

1

Ger- many

1

R?

97

97

0

Total=

18169

17939

221

9

1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.

Frankfurter Food Category: Contamination Data

Refer- ence

Food

Geo-graph- icRe- gion1

Coun- try

Pub. Date2

Sam- ple Col- lec-tion3

Number of Samples (values in cfu/g units)

Total # of Sam- ples from the refer- ence

<0.04

≥0.04

>0.01- 0.1

>0.1-1

<0.3

0.3- <10

<10

≥10

10- 100

<20

20- 100

<100

>100

100- 1000

1E2- 1E4

<200

200- 500

200- 1000

<500

>1000

1E3- 1E4

>1E4

1E4- 1E5

>1E5

1E5- 1E6

>1E6

Hayes et al., 1992

Hotdogs

1

USA

1

R

40

28

E4

9

1

2

Levine, 2000

Hotdogs

1

USA

3

P

1593

1516

77

Levine, 2001

Hotdogs

1

USA

3

P

1800

1766

34

Ng and Seah, 1995

Franks, chicken & pork

2

Sing- apore

2

P/R

78

73

5

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Hotdog

1

USA

3

R

11

11

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Hotdogs, beef

1

USA

3

R

3

3

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Hotdogs, turkey

1

USA

3

R

3

3

0

Qvist and Liberski, 1991

Frank- furter

1

Swe- den?

1

R

64

56

8

Samelis and Metax- opoulos, 1999

Frank- furter, sausage type

1

Greece

3

P

8

8

0

Wang and Muriana, 1994

Hotdogs

1

USA

2

R

117

93

16

8

Wenger et al., 1990

Wieners, turkey

1

USA

1

P

46

25

21

Total=

3763

3582

161

9

9

2

1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.

Dry/Semi-dry Sausage Food Category: Contamination Data

Refer- ence

Food

Geo-graph- icRe- gion1

Coun- try

Pub. Date2

Sam- ple Col- lec-tion3

Number of Samples (values in cfu/g units)

Total # of Sam- ples from the refer- ence

<0.04

≥0.04

>0.01- 0.1

>0.1-1

<0.3

0.3- <10

<10

≥10

10- 100

<20

20- 100

<100

>100

100- 1000

1E2- 1E4

<200

200- 500

200- 1000

<500

>1000

1E3- 1E4

>1E4

1E4- 1E5

>1E5

1E5- 1E6

>1E6

Breer and Schop- fer, 1989

Salami

1

Aus- tralia

1

?

63

59

4

Buncic, 1991

Sausage, fer- mented

1

Yugo- slavia

1

R

21

17

4

Cantoni et al., 1988

Salami & pork, sea- soned meat products

1

Italy?

1

R?

225

219

6

Choi et al.,2001

Sausage, fer- mented

2

Korea

3

R

15

13

2

Farber et al., 1989

Sau- sages, fer- mented

1

Can- ada

1

R

30

24

6

Gomez- Campillo et al., 1999

Cured chorizo

1

Spain

3

R

20

19

1

Lahellec et al., 1996

Sausage, dry

1

France

2

?

116

83

33

Lahellec et al., 1996

Sausage, smoked

1

France

2

?

45

39

6

Levine, 2000

Sau- sages, fer- mented

1

USA

3

P

352

335

17

Levine, 2001

Sausage, dry & semi-dry fer- mented

1

USA

3

P

856

841

15

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Beef Stick

1

USA

3

R

3

3

0

Oregon State Dept of Ag, 2001

Pep- peroni

1

USA

3

R

7

6

1

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salami

1

USA

3

R

5

5

0

Samelis and Metax- opoulos, 1999

Sausage, dry & fer- mented

1

Greece

3

P

4

4

0

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Sausage

1

Ger- many

1

R?

850

806

44

Teufel and Bend- zulla, 1993

Sausage, cooked & cured

1

Ger- many

1

R?

338

314

E4

21

3

Trüssel, 1989

Beef, salami & mett- wurst

1

Ger- many

1

P

99

95

E

4

Uytten- daele et al., 1999

Sausage, raw & fer- mented

1

Bel- gium

3

R

308

259

36

13

Total=

3357

3141

175

13

4

21

3

1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.

Deli Meats Food Category: Contamination Data

Refer- ence

Food

Geo-graph- icRe- gion1

Coun- try

Pub. Date2

Sam- ple Col- lec-tion3

Number of Samples (values in cfu/g units)

Total # of Sam- ples from the refer- ence

<0.04

≥0.04

>0.01- 0.1

>0.1-1

<0.3

0.3- <10

<10

≥10

10- 100

<20

20- 100

<100

>100

100- 1000

1E2- 1E4

<200

200- 500

200- 1000

<500

>1000

1E3- 1E4

>1E4

1E4- 1E5

>1E5

1E5- 1E6

>1E6

Agua- do et al., 2001

Deli meats

1

Spain

3

R

369

335

34

Baek et al., 2000

Ham

2

Korea

3

R

50

50

0

Bersot et al, 2001

Morta- della

2

Brazil

3

R

30

22

8

Daley et al., 1999

Meats, ready-to-eat

1

Can- ada

3

R

19

18

1

Gille- spie et al., 2000

Deli meats

1

UK

3

R

3455

3442

E4

8

5

Go- mez- Cam- pillo et al., 1999

Cold cuts

1

Spain

3

R

20

20

0

Kamat and Nair, 1994

Ham, cooked

2

India

2

R

2

2

0

Lahel- lec et al., 1996

Ham

1

France

2

?

45

44

1

Levine, 2000

Corned beef, roast and cooked

1

USA

3

P

2587

2523

64

Levine, 2000

Ham and lunch- eon meats, sliced

1

USA

3

P

978

930

48

Levine, 2000

Poultry, cooked

1

USA

3

P

4125

4036

89

Levine, 2000

Sau- sage, large dia- meter cooked

1

USA

3

P

2174

2148

26

Levine, 2001

Corned beef, roast cooked

1

USA

3

P

1939

1892

47

Levine, 2001

Ham- sliced/ sliced lunch- eon

1

USA

3

P

2048

1971

77

Levine, 2001

Poultry, cooked

1

USA

3

P

2325

2294

31

Levine, 2001

Sau- sage, large dia- meter cooked

1

USA

3

P

2725

2712

13

Miett- inen, et al., 2001

Broiler pro- ducts, ready-to-eat

1

Fin- land

3

P

25

25

0

NFPA, 2002

Deli meats

1

USA- CA

3

R

4600

4572

E

10

8

6

1

2

1

NFPA, 2002

Deli meats

1

USA- MD

3

R

4599

4545

E

32

12

4

1

5

Ng and Seah, 1995

Ham/ salami/ bacon/ lunch- eon meat

2

Sing- apore

2

R

17

14

3

Ojeniyi et al., 2000

Turkey breast, smoked

1

Den- mark

3

P

2

2

0

Ojeniyi et al., 2000

Turkey breast, cooked smoked

1

Den- mark

3

P

18

18

0

Ojeniyi et al., 2000

Turkey cuvette, smoked

1

Den- mark

3

P

17

17

0

Ojeniyi et al., 2000

Turkey fillet, smoked & ready-to-eat

1

Den- mark

3

P

14

11

3

Ojeniyi et al., 2000

Turkey parts

1

Den- mark

3

P

1

1

0

Ojeniyi et al., 2000

Turkey wings

1

Den- mark

3

P

1

0

1

Ojeniyi et al., 2000

Turkey, cooked & smoked & diced

1

Den- mark

3

P

2

2

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Beef, barbe- cue

1

USA

3

R

11

11

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Chic- ken, barbe- cue

1

USA

3

R

4

4

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Meat, barbe- cue

1

USA

3

R

1

1

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Pork, barbe- cue

1

USA

3

R

5

5

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Beef

1

USA

3

R

1

1

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Bolog- na

1

USA

3

R

4

4

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Chic- ken, breaded

1

USA

3

R

22

22

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Chic- ken, ready- to-eat

1

USA

3

R

74

72

2

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Corned beef

1

USA

3

R

6

6

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Ham

1

USA

3

R

56

56

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Olive loaf

1

USA

3

R

4

4

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Pas- trami

1

USA

3

R

14

14

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Pork

1

USA

3

R

3

1

2

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Beef, roast

1

USA

3

R

108

108

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Turkey breast, sliced

1

USA

3

R

118

118

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Turkey ham

1

USA

3

R

8

8

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Turkey pas- trami

1

USA

3

R

8

7

1

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Turkey, ready-to-eat

1

USA

3

R

4

4

0

Qvist and Liber- ski, 1991

Ham

1

Swe- den?

1

R

80

72

8

Qvist and Liber- ski, 1991

Pork loin

1

Swe- den?

1

R

80

62

18

Qvist and Liber- ski, 1991

Sau- sages

1

Swe- den?

1

R

80

72

8

Same- lis and Me- taxo- poulos, 1999

Bacon

1

Greece

3

P

4

4

0

Same- lis and Me- taxo- poulos, 1999

Ham like pro- ducts

1

Greece

3

P

4

3

1

Same- lis and Me- taxo- poulos, 1999

Ham, sliced & va- cuum- packed

1

Greece

3

P

6

5

1

Same- lis and Me- taxo- poulos, 1999

Morta- della

1

Greece

3

P

4

4

0

Same- lis and Me- taxo- poulos, 1999

Pariza

1

Greece

3

P

2

2

0

Same- lis and Me- taxo- poulos, 1999

Pork shoul- der, sliced & va- cuum- packed

1

Greece

3

P

6

6

0

Same- lis and Me- taxo- poulos, 1999

Sau- sage, country type

1

Greece

3

P

10

9

1

Same- lis and Me- taxo- poulos, 1999

Sau- sage, Emul- sion type

1

Greece

3

P

12

12

0

Same- lis and Me- taxo- poulos, 1999

Turkey breast, smoked

1

Greece

3

P

4

4

0

Sori- ano et al., 2001

Beef, ready-to-eat

1

Spain

3

R

5

5

0

Sori- ano et al., 2001

Chic- ken, ready -to-eat

1

Spain

3

R

5

5

0

Sori- ano et al., 2001

Pork, ready- to-eat

1

Spain

3

R

5

5

0

Uyt- ten- daele et al., 1999

Ham, cooked sliced

1

Bel- gium

3

R

879

817

54

8

Total=

33824

33179

542

42

20

10

8

2

8

12

1

1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.

Pâté and Meat Spreads Food Category: Contamination Data

Refer- ence

Food

Geo-graph- icRe- gion1

Coun- try

Pub. Date2

Sam- ple Col- lec-tion3

Number of Samples (values in cfu/g units)

Total # of Sam- ples from the refer- ence

<0.04

≥0.04

>0.01- 0.1

>0.1-1

<0.3

0.3- <10

<10

≥10

10- 100

<20

20- 100

<100

>100

100- 1000

1E2- 1E4

<200

200- 500

200- 1000

<500

>1000

1E3- 1E4

>1E4

1E4- 1E5

>1E5

1E5- 1E6

>1E6

Anderson and Nørrung, 1995

Pâté

1

Den- mark

2

R

341

333

6

1

1

Domin- guez et al., 2001

Pâté

1

Spain

3

R

182

172

E4

9

1

Gomez-Campillo et al., 1999

Pâté

1

Spain

3

R

20

20

0

Lahellec et al., 1996

Pâté

1

France

2

?

110

96

14

Levine, 2000

Meat spreads

1

USA

3

P

264

254

10

Levine, 2000

Pâté

1

USA

3

P

249

244

5

Levine, 2001

Meat spreads

1

USA

3

P

105

103

2

Levine, 2001

Pâté

1

USA

3

P

103

103

0

Mc- Lauch- lin and Gilbert, 1990

Pâté

1

UK

1

?

696

580

99

17

Morris and Ribeiro, 1989

Pâté

1

UK

1

R

73

36

E

18

5

4

3

4

3

Morris and Ribeiro, 1991

Pâté

1

UK

1

R

216

141

6

42

6

7

4

10

Nichols et al., 1998

Pâté, fish & seafood

1

UK

2

R

122

113

1

6

2

Nichols et al., 1998

Pâté, meat- based

1

UK

2

R

1804

1767

1

29

1

2

2

2

Nichols et al., 1998

Pâté, poultry- based

1

UK

2

R

528

511

E

11

2

1

2

1

Nichols et al., 1998

Pâté, unde- fined

1

UK

2

R

380

369

E

9

1

1

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Ham spread

1

USA

3

R

1

1

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Pâté, salmon

1

USA

3

R

7

7

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Pâté, shrimp

1

USA

3

R

1

1

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Pâté, tuna

1

USA

3

R

1

1

0

Uytten- daele et al., 1999

Aspic mince, pre- packed, cooked

1

Bel- gium

3

R

48

43

4

1

Uytten- daele et al., 1999

Aspic mince, unpre- pack- aged & cooked

1

Bel- gium

3

R

67

66

1

Uytten- daele et al., 1999

Pâté mince, pre- packed & cooked

1

Bel- gium

3

R

217

211

6

Uytten- daele et al., 1999

Pâté mince, unpre- pack- aged & cooked

1

Bel- gium

3

R

130

123

6

1

Total=

5665

5295

161

2

1

60

11

9

13

55

5

17

10

10

9

3

1

3

1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.

Deli-type Salad Food Category: Contamination Data

Refer- ence

Food

Geo-graph- icRe- gion1

Coun- try

Pub. Date2

Sam- ple Col- lec-tion3

Number of Samples (values in cfu/g units)

Total # of Sam- ples from the refer- ence

<0.04

≥0.04

>0.01- 0.1

>0.1-1

<0.3

0.3- <10

<10

≥10

10- 100

<20

20- 100

<100

>100

100- 1000

1E2- 1E4

<200

200- 500

200- 1000

<500

>1000

1E3- 1E4

>1E4

1E4- 1E5

>1E5

1E5- 1E6

>1E6

Bucha- nan et al., 1989

Salad, seafood

1

USA

1

R

2

2

0

Harte- mink and Georgs- son 1991

Salads, seafood

1

Ice- land

1

P/R

37

31

6

Har- tung, 2000a.

Delica- tessen salads, other

1

Ger- many

3

R

485

479

6

Har- tung, 2001

Delica- tessen salads, other

1

Ger- many

3

R

26

25

1

Har- tung, 2001

Delica- tessen salads, other

1

Ger- many

3

R

389

374

E4

15

Har- tung, 1999

Delica- tessen salads, unspec- ified

1

Ger- many

3

R

354

351

3

Levine, 2000

Various meat & poultry salads

1

USA

3

P

1645

1594

51

Levine, 2001

Salads, deli

1

USA

3

P

630

623

7

Lin et al., 1996

Salads (2 egg, 2 cheese, 1 dress- ing)

1

USA

2

R

5

5

NFPA, 2002

Salads, deli

1

USA- CA

3

R

4256

4157

E

78

14

4

2

1

NFPA, 2002

Salad, seafood

1

USA -CA

3

R

1248

1221

E

26

1

NFPA, 2002

Salads, deli

1

USA- MD

3

R

4293

4190

E

84

14

5

NFPA, 2002

Salad, seafood

1

USA- MD

3

R

1313

1225

E

56

18

10

2

2

Ng and Seah, 1995

Cole slaw/ vege- table salad

2

Sing- apore

2

R

50

48

2

Ng and Seah, 1995

Fish, tuna salad

2

Sing- apore

2

R

5

5

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Anti- pasto

1

USA

3

R

3

3

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, broccoli & cheese

1

USA

3

R

50

50

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Caesar salad

1

USA

3

R

2

2

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Chef salad

1

USA

3

R

31

31

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, chicken

1

USA

3

R

222

218

4

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Cole slaw

1

USA

3

R

161

159

2

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, crab

1

USA

3

R

9

9

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Creamy Fruit

1

USA

3

R

5

5

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, egg

1

USA

3

R

7

7

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, Greek

1

USA

3

R

8

8

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, ham

1

USA

3

R

7

7

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, maca- roni with cheese

1

USA

3

R

194

193

1

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, meat

1

USA

3

R

17

17

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, pasta

1

USA

3

R

115

115

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, pea

1

USA

3

R

45

42

3

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, potato

1

USA

3

R

302

302

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, salmon

1

USA

3

R

2

2

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, seafood

1

USA

3

R

211

211

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, shrimp

1

USA

3

R

48

48

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, tortel- lini

1

USA

3

R

14

14

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, tuna

1

USA

3

R

16

16

0

Oregon State Dept of Agri- culture, 2001

Salad, turkey

1

USA

3

R

22

22

0

Ryu et al., 1992

Salad, potato

1

Japan

1

R

3

3

0

Scoglio et al., 2000

Fish mari- nate & seafood salad

1

Italy

3

R

5

5

0

Teufel and Bend- zulla 1993

Salad, meat & egg

1

Ger- many

1

R?

252

241

11

Teufel and Bend- zulla 1993

Deli, mayon- naise

1

Ger- many

1

R?

360

333

E

24

3

Uytten- daele et al., 1999

Salad, chicken

1

Bel- gium

3

R

152

110

41

1

Uytten- daele et al., 1999

Salad, fish & shrimp

1

Bel- gium

3

R

362

249

99

14

Uytten- daele et al., 1999

Salad, ham

1

Bel- gium

3

R

159

121

33

5

Uytten- daele et al., 1999

Other salad (veg) with mayon- naise

1

Bel- gium

3

R

201

186

13

2

West and North York- shire Joint Working Group, 1991

Salad, egg/egg mayon- naise

1

UK

1

R

101

83

E

2

6

10

West and North York- shire Joint Working Group, 1991

Salad, fish

1

UK

1

R

33

32

E

1

West and North York- shire Joint Working Group, 1991

Salad, meat/ egg

1

UK

1

R

15

13

E

1

1

West and North York- shire Joint Working Group, 1991

Salad, fruit/ nut

1

UK

1

R

43

42

E

1

Total=

17915

17229

283

244

47

19

22

4

5

7

39

2

3

10

1

1 Group 1 includes North America including the United States, Canada, Mexico, EU countries, Japan, Australia, New Zealand. Other countries were also included in group 1 on a case-by-case basis if they import the product to the United States. Group 2 includes any country not in group 1.2 1 = time period pre-1993 to 1993; 2 = time period 1994 to 1998; 3 = time period 1999 to present.3 R = sample collected at retail; P = sample collected at plant/ manufacturer; ? = location of sample collection unknown.4 E = samples = 0.04 cfu/g that were enumerated.