Links

Classifications

A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions

A61C7/08—Mouthpiece-type retainers or positioners, e.g. for both the lower and upper arch

Abstract

Translated from Chinese

一种供白种、黄种和黑种患者使用的在平面图中通常呈U形并包括一个至少在其上侧和下侧之一的舌侧突缘和唇/颊侧突缘之间形成的容纳牙齿的凹槽的正牙用具。 Containing one for white, generally U-shaped in plan view yellow and black patients and comprises a flange is formed between the lip and / buccal lingual flange at least one of its upper and lower sides of the orthodontic appliances groove teeth.凹槽包括用来容纳和定位从中门齿和侧门齿到一个磨牙并包括该磨牙的牙齿的容纳牙齿的凹陷。 Comprising a recess for receiving and positioning the lateral incisor and the incisor from a molar tooth and tooth comprises a recess receiving the molars.用具优选地被预制成各种不同大小以适应不同大小的口腔和齿列阶段。 Appliances are preferably preformed into various sizes to accommodate different sizes of mouth and dentition stage.当以两部分提供时，凹槽可在垂直方向上相互固定，其中用具是一个整体装置或可以是彼此相对可移动的并在一对后铰链处铰接。 When provided in two parts, the recess may be fixed to each other in the vertical direction, wherein the appliance is an integral unit or may be movable and hinged relative to each other between a pair of hinge post.

Description

Translated from Chinese

具是作为一体元件形成的，它具有互相相对的永久性固定的上凹槽和下凹槽。 It is formed integrally with the element, which has mutually opposite grooves and permanently fixed on the lower groove.</claim> <claim>18.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具是作为分体元件形成的，它具有在远端铰合在一起的上凹槽和下凹槽。 </ Claim> <claim> 18. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 1, wherein said appliance is formed as a separate element, which has a distal end with a hinge on the groove and the lower groove.</claim> <claim>19.一种正牙用具，它通常在平面图中呈U形，并包括一个至少在其上侧的舌侧突缘和唇侧/颊侧突缘之间形成的牙齿接收凹槽，其中凹槽包括用来接收和定位从中门齿和侧门齿到并包括至少一个磨牙的牙齿的预制牙齿接收凹陷，所述舌侧突缘具有横向隔开的，垂直取向并向舌延伸的0.1～1毫米的槽，该槽在中门齿的正中区域和远边以及侧门齿远边和正中边稍向横向延伸以便位于所有四个门齿的舌侧边附近。 </ Claim> is formed between the teeth <claim> 19. A positive orthodontic appliances, it is generally U-shaped in plan view, and comprises at least a flange and a labial / buccal lingual flange on which side of the receiving groove, wherein the groove for receiving and positioning therefrom comprising incisor teeth and to the door and comprising at least one pre-molar teeth of the tooth receiving depressions, said lingual flange having laterally spaced, vertically oriented tongue extending to 0.1 to 1 millimeter slot which extends in the middle region of the incisors and the distal edge and the lateral incisor and the distal edge to the middle of the sides located slightly lateral incisors all four sides of the tongue.</claim> <claim>20.根据权利要求19所述的正牙用具，其中所述槽的所述唇侧突缘向唇舌侧为0.5～2毫米厚。 </ Claim> <claim> 20. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 19, wherein said projecting lip of the groove side edges of the tongue side of 0.5 to 2 mm thick.</claim> <claim>21.根据权利要求20所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具由一种弹性塑料材料制成，使得在由所述舌侧突缘咬合的门齿上垂直地和旋转地施加过量的压力。 </ Claim> <claim> 21. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 20, wherein the appliance is made of a resilient plastic material, such that, on the side of the tongue engaging the flange and perpendicular to the rotation incisors applying excess pressure.</claim> <claim>22.一种正牙用具，在平面图中通常呈U形，并包括至少在其下侧的舌侧和唇/颊侧突缘之间形成的牙齿接收凹槽，其中凹槽包括用来接收和定位从中门齿和侧门齿到并包括至少一个磨牙的牙齿接收凹陷，在所述门齿的一个区域内的所述舌侧突缘向龈和向舌延伸多于8毫米以覆盖住患者的舌侧龈组织。 </ Claim> <claim> 22. A positive orthodontic appliances, in plan view, a generally U-shaped and comprises a tooth in the lingual side between lower side and labial / buccal flange forming at least a receiving groove, wherein comprises grooves for receiving and positioning the lateral incisor and the incisor therefrom and comprising at least one molar tooth receiving recess, the lingual to gingival flange in a region of the incisors of the tongue and extending to more than 8 mm covers the lingual gingival tissue of the patient.</claim> <claim>23.根据权利要求22所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具包括一个含模制基本材料的模制元件，所述模制基体材料是充分吸收性的以便允许通过将用具浸入到含氟材料中对用具进行补充，且其中所述基体材料是在熔化和成型之前与浓度在0.01～200毫克/毫升或重量0.01％～70％之间变化的一种含氟材料混合的吸收变色塑料(absorbent blush plastic)。 </ Claim> <claim> 23. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 22, wherein the appliance comprises a molded member containing a basic molding material, the molding material is sufficiently absorbent substrate so as to allow the appliance is immersed in a fluorine-containing material to be supplemented tool, and wherein the matrix material prior to melting and forming in the fluorine concentration of one material varies from 0.01% to 70% between 0.01 to 200 mg / ml or weight absorbent plastic color mixing (absorbent blush plastic).</claim> <claim>24.根据权利要求22所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具由这样一种材料制成，这种材料在正常室内条件下一般为基本上透明的，且当放入患者口腔中一段预定时间之后，由于吸收水分而增加了材料的不透明度。 </ Claim> <claim> 24. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 22, wherein the appliance is made of a material which under normal room conditions is generally a substantially transparent, and when the discharge into the patient's mouth after a predetermined period of time, due to the absorption of moisture increases the opacity of the material.</claim> <claim>25.根据权利要求22所述的正牙用具，其中所述凸缘由一段峡部连接，所述峡部的厚度是这样的，即，当其相对于凹槽的那侧靠在该排而不是所述一排的咬合面上时，所述一排的前齿在所述一排的后齿之前咬合峡部以便在前齿上施加一个作用力，随著后齿完成其向咬合峡部的移动而将前齿向下压入齿龈中以矫正覆合或保持住前面对覆的矫正。 </ Claim> <claim> 25. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 22, wherein said flange is connected by a length of the isthmus, the thickness of the isthmus is such that when the relative side of the recess by when the row of the occlusal surface instead of a row, the row of teeth of the front engaging portion isthmus to apply a force to the front teeth of the tooth before a row, with the teeth thereof complete the moving the engaging portion isthmus down into the front tooth to gingiva or to maintain correct overbite correction of the front cover of living.</claim> <claim>26.根据权利要求22所述的正牙用具，其中所述凸缘由一段峡部相连，所述峡部的厚度是这样的，即，当其相对于凹槽的那侧靠在该排而不是所述一排的咬合面上时，所述一排的后齿在所述一排的前齿之前咬合峡部以便在后齿上施加一个作用力，随前齿完成了其向咬合峡部的移动而将后齿向下压入齿龈以矫正开或保持住前面对开的矫正。 </ Claim> <claim> 26. That is, when the relative groove on the side orthodontic appliance according to claim 22, wherein said flange is connected by a length of the isthmus, the thickness of the isthmus is such that, after the discharge at the occlusal surface rather than in a row, the row of engaging teeth of the isthmus to apply a force on the teeth before the front row of teeth, with the front teeth to complete its and moving the engaging portion isthmus down into the gingival tooth to correct or maintain the open front stay off correction.</claim> <claim>27.根据权利要求22所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具是由一种弹性体材料制成的，且所述凹槽内具有一个或多个选择出的凹陷，这些凹陷基本上精确地呈其各自的牙齿的外部轮廓的形状以便将各个牙齿相对于所述用具充分保持在一个固定位置上，所述用具包括用来矫正和保持患者口腔中牙齿的呈传统用具形状的一个基底，并包括在选择出的一个或多个凹陷内与基底形成不连续相的一个衬里以便构成所述选择出的牙齿的部分外部轮廓。 </ Claim> <claim> 27. And the inner groove has a recess or a plurality of selected orthodontic appliance according to claim 22, wherein the appliance is of an elastomeric material, these shapes are substantially concave shape precisely its respective tooth outer profile of each tooth of said tool so as to sufficiently maintained in a fixed position relative to the tool holder comprising means for correcting the patient's mouth and the teeth in the form of conventional a tool shaped substrate, with the substrate and forming a liner comprising a discontinuous phase in one or more selected recessed portion to constitute the outer contour of the selected tooth.</claim> <claim>28.根据权利要求22所述的正牙用具，其中所述凸缘由一个峡部相连，所述峡部在由至少某些中门齿、侧门齿和犬齿前齿咬合的所述用具的前部有一个垂直缝隙。 </ Claim> <claim> 28. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 22, wherein said flanges are connected by an isthmus, the isthmus by the at least some of the central incisor, lateral incisor and canine teeth meshing front the front portion of the tool has a vertical slit.</claim> <claim>29.根据权利要求22所述的正牙用具，其中所述凸缘由一段峡部相连，且导舌装置包括在用具的下中线部分的向舌一侧上形成的至少一个尖锐突起及用来容纳舌尖的超过突起的凹口区。 </ Claim> <claim> 29. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 22, wherein said flange is connected by a length of the isthmus, and the guide means comprises at least one tongue formed on the tongue side of the lower midline portion of the appliance for receiving the pointed projections and recesses over the projection area of ​​the tongue.</claim> <claim>30.根据权利要求22所述的正牙用具，其中所述颊侧突缘包括多个突起，这些突起在其间限定了从所述颊侧突缘向纵向延伸的牙齿接收槽，所述突起彼此隔开以便伸入到患者的每个牙齿之间。 </ Claim> <claim> 30. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 22, wherein said buccal flange comprises a plurality of projections, these projections defining therebetween the teeth from the buccal flange extending in the longitudinal direction receiving grooves, the protrusions spaced apart from each other so as to extend into between each tooth of a patient.</claim> <claim>31.根据权利要求22所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具包括至少一个模制在其中用来将其保持在一个所希望的形状的金属丝。 </ Claim> <claim> 31. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 22, wherein the appliance comprises at least one molded therein to hold it in a desired shape of the wire.</claim> </ Claim>

为了产生改善了的牙齿排列，已经提出了多种装置和方法并用于矫正牙齿过密以及修正颌骨形状。 In order to produce an improved tooth arrangement, and have been proposed various methods and apparatus for correcting the correction of mandibular teeth too dense and shape.在恒齿齿列阶段时常采用金属带或金属丝来产生所需的牙齿矫正。 In stage dentition permanent teeth often employ metal strip or wire to produce orthodontic desired.

还已知用可活动的用具代替金属带或金属丝以产生正牙的定位治疗和颌骨整形功能。 It is also known in place of the metal strip or wire with a tool to produce a movable positioning mandibular orthodontic treatment and shaping.这种可活动的用具通常做成U形，并带有一个上齿接收槽和一个下齿接收槽。 Such appliances are usually made movable U-shaped and having a tooth receiving trough and a lower tooth receiving trough.该用具被预成型以适于多种不同大小的颌骨和齿列。 The appliance is preformed to suit a variety of different sizes and mandibular dentition.

已知在所有的乳齿已被其对应的恒齿取代之前的某一时间即可以通过使用可活动的用具(如在我的美国专利第4,139,944和4,898；535中公开的那些用具)开始治疗。 That is known that by using movable at a certain time before all of the primary teeth have been substituted with the corresponding permanent tooth appliances (as in my U.S. Patent Nos. 4,139,944 and 4,898; 535 of those appliances disclosed) the start of treatment.

本发明提供了一种可供多种包括白种人、黄种人和黑种人在内的不同种群使用的改进的用具。 The present invention provides an improved use of different populations of an alternative tool comprising a plurality of white, yellow and black human.该用具提供了各种不同的改进和附加特征以适应不同种族的面部特征和颌骨及口腔结构的使用。 The tool provides a variety of modifications and additional features and facial features to accommodate the use of different races and oral maxillary structures.一个恒齿齿列模型用具将会保持或将长出的恒门齿、犬齿、前磨牙及第二磨牙移动形成适当的弓形，当与白种人的弓形尺寸相比较时，考虑到稍大些的黄种人和黑种人的弓形尺寸。 Constant incisor, canine, premolar and second molar tooth moving a permanent dentition model or tool holder will grow arcuate form suitable, when compared to the arcuate dimensions of Caucasians, slightly larger taking into account yellow and black people bow size.一种混合的齿列模型将引导正在长出的恒门齿、犬齿、前磨牙和第一磨牙至适当的弓形。 A mixed dentition model being guided grow constant incisors, canines, premolars and first molars to the appropriate arcuate shape.这种混合的齿列用具还被设计成抓住高度向唇倾斜的正在长出的犬齿并逐渐将它们带回到稍大的牙前周界内。 This mixed dentition appliances are also designed to catch canine grown to the height of the lip is inclined and gradually bring them back into the perimeter of the front teeth slightly larger.一个乳齿模型将保持或将乳门齿、犬齿和磨牙移动形成适当的弓形。 A milk tooth model holding milk or incisors, canines and molars of arcuate form suitable movement.

该用具最好在一定的尺寸范围内被预成型以适合于各种不同的口腔尺寸。 The appliance preferably is preformed in a range of sizes to suit various sizes of the oral cavity.牙弓尺寸、突缘尺寸及每个齿槽的尺寸及位置都是预先确定的以适合于各种口腔尺寸。 Arch sizes, the flange size and the size and position of each gullet is predetermined to be suitable for various oral sizes.

在牙齿尺寸之间存在显著的相关性，这样就使得人们甚至可以在牙齿长入口腔之前计算出相当精确的彼此对应的牙齿形状。 There is a significant correlation between the size of the teeth, so that it is even possible to calculate the exact shape of the teeth fairly correspond to each other before the long teeth into the mouth.因此，考虑到混合型牙列用具，它能被设计成多种尺寸从而可从前齿的大小中选择出一种用具尺寸，使该用具在后恒齿和犬齿通过组织长出时与它们精密地匹配并将其引导到正确的位置上。 Thus, taking into account the mixed dentition tool, which can be designed into a variety of sizes may be selected so that the size of the front teeth of a kind of appliance in size, so that when the appliance after permanent teeth and canine tissues grow through them precisely and matching and guided to the correct position.

在门齿区内的唇缘的周界位于比以前用的用具高出0.1～10毫米的位置上。 Perimeter lip incisor region positioned higher than the previously used tool from 0.1 to 10 mm position.这样就在中门齿的切缘上产生一个约10～20毫米的突缘上周界。 This results in a flange upper perimeter of about 10 - 20 mm in the margin of the incisors.这样就使得用具在患者睡觉时也能保持就位并防止其向远侧滑出且进而起到了矫正覆合(overjet)的作用。 This allows the appliance when the patient is sleeping can be held in place and prevent it from slipping distally and further acts to correct overbite (overjet) a.对于混合齿列用具，这样就使得上边界处于足够高的位置上以引导向唇长出的并大大高于正常长出位置的犬齿。 For mixed dentition tool, so that the upper border at a sufficiently high position in order to guide the lip and grow well above the normal canine grow position.这种情况在具有收缩的上牙弓的人中时常发生和/或常见于黑种人和黄种人齿列的稍大的牙齿。 In this case people have contracted the arch frequent and / or slightly larger common in black and yellow teeth dentition.该用具可更方便地引导这样的牙齿就位。 The guiding tool may be more convenient place such teeth.

这种改进的用具可以引导、矫直、转动和调整各组牙齿的位置，如(a)上部的四个恒门齿；(b)下部的四个恒门齿；(c)恒犬齿、双尖齿和磨牙(对于恒齿齿列)的上部的左后段，及乳犬齿和磨牙(对于乳齿齿列和混合齿列)以及还有上部第一左恒磨牙(对于混合齿列)；(d)恒犬齿、双尖齿和磨牙(对于恒齿齿列)的上部右后段和乳门齿和乳磨牙(对于乳齿和混合齿列)以及还有上部第一右恒磨牙(对于混合齿列)；(e)恒犬齿、双尖齿和恒磨牙(对于恒齿齿列)的下部左后段和乳犬齿和乳磨牙(对于乳齿和混合齿列)以及还有下部左恒磨牙(对于混合齿列)；(f)恒犬齿、双尖齿和恒磨牙(对于恒齿齿列)的下部右后段和乳犬齿和乳磨牙(对于乳齿和混合齿列)以及还有下部右恒磨牙(对于混合齿列)。 Such improved tool can be guided, straightening position, rotation and adjust the set of teeth, such as (a) an upper portion of the four permanent incisors; four permanent incisors (b) a lower portion; (c) permanent canines, bicuspid and molars (for permanent tooth row) in the left rear of the upper section, and milk canines and molars (for deciduous dentition and mixed dentition) and also the left upper first permanent molars (for mixed dentition); (D) constant canine, bicuspid and molar teeth (for permanent tooth row) and the right upper-stage breast milk incisors and molars (for mixing and deciduous teeth) and also the right upper first permanent molars (for mixed dentition); (e) constant canines, permanent molars and bicuspid (for permanent tooth row) and the lower left rear section of deciduous molars and canines milk (for mixing and deciduous teeth) and also a lower left molars (for mixed dentition ); (F) constant canines, permanent molars and bicuspid (for permanent tooth row) and the lower right rear section of deciduous molars and canines milk (for mixing and deciduous teeth) and also the lower portion of a right permanent molars (the mixing dentition).

改进的恒齿齿列用具通过调整其唇舌和颊舌的位置提供了对于口腔中的每个恒门齿、犬齿、双尖齿及磨牙的位置的保持和移动，而改进的乳齿齿列用具和混合齿列用具提供了将恒犬齿和双尖齿向口腔内的导入。 Improved tool dentition permanent teeth by adjusting the position of the tongue tongue and cheek provide oral cavity for holding and moving each permanent incisors, canines, bicuspid and molar position, and the improved mixing and appliances deciduous dentition provide utensils dentition permanent canines and introducing double tines into the oral cavity.

通过由上部四个恒门齿区域内的细长的上唇边缘以及相对于下部四个恒门齿来说超细长的舌侧突缘使每个齿弓彼此相互作用而使上齿弓和下齿弓作为一个整体被调节。 By the elongate upper lip edge in the upper incisor region and four constant with respect to microfine long lingual flange each dental arch interact with each other so that the lower dental arch and a lower arch of teeth is four permanent incisors as a whole to be adjusted.上边缘比传统用具高0.1～10毫米，使其将恒馏导施加在(constant distillizing guidance)门齿骨，这特别有助于在黄种人、黑种人和白种人齿列中常见的过覆。 An upper edge higher than conventional tool from 0.1 to 10 mm, so that it is applied in the constant distillate guide (constant distillizing guidance) incisors bone, which is particularly useful in the yellow, black, and white teeth common-overcoat .当口腔在晚间睡觉时张开时，该用具不会向远侧滑过上门齿。 When the night sleeping in the open mouth, the appliance does not slide over the distal upper incisors.当用其保持就位时，覆被更加理想地矫正。 When held in place with its, cover more desirably corrected.

下舌突缘向舌侧龈过量地(0.1～10毫米)延伸至下部四个恒门齿以防止在患者睡觉时下颌骨向远侧滑过用具。 Sublingual lingually extending flange gingival excess (0.1 to 10 mm) to the lower four permanent incisors to prevent the patient sleeping nowadays mandible tool slides distally.这样还有助于更有效地矫正在这些同样种群中的覆。 This also helps to more effectively corrected in the coating of these same populations.

上部四个门齿区内的舌侧突缘在与门齿的向舌一侧咬合的表面上具有变化的形状以适应在黄种人的门齿中被称作铲形门齿的特点。 Four upper incisor region lingual flange having a varying shape and engaging the upper surface of the lingual side of the incisors to accommodate yellow incisors are shovel-shaped incisors called features.唇侧突缘的该门齿区域(中门齿的最后2毫米及侧门齿的2.5毫米)是横直形地形成的且门齿边缘在向唇舌一侧0.5～2毫米范围内，使得为所有的黄种人、白种人和黑种人的上门齿垂直地和可转动地施加过量压力。 The incisor region (central incisor last 2 mm and 2.5 mm lateral incisor) of the flange lip side is and incisors edge transverse straight shape is formed in the range of the tongue side of 0.5 to 2 mm, such that all of yellow, whites and blacks human incisors and rotatably excess pressure is applied vertically.从该横直的门齿区域向龈一侧，门齿呈不同形状。 From the straight lateral incisor region to the gingival side of incisor was different shapes.在突缘的中门齿和侧门齿的两个侧边上舌向设置了浅的凹陷或浅槽以适应典型的黄种人上门齿齿列的“铲形”解剖结构。 On the two sides of the flange and the central incisor teeth lingual side door provided with shallow depressions or shallow groove to accommodate the "scoop" of the anatomical characteristics of yellow incisors of the dentition.在黄种人齿列中的门齿的每一侧经常会出现0.1～2毫米的小突起。 In each side of the incisors of the dentition yellow often 0.1 to 2 mm small projection occurs.因此，设置了稍向横向延伸的0.1～2毫米的凹陷使得可将夹具更容易地放置在该区域。 Thus, 0.1 is set to 2 mm laterally extending slightly recessed so that the clamp can be placed more easily in this region.由于厚度的关系，这段区域被设计成能适合白种人和黑种人及黄种人的齿列。 Since the relationship between the thickness of this region is designed to be suitable for white and black and yellow human dentition.

对于不同尺寸的用具的下齿弓的双犬齿区域处的不同宽度为24～33毫米，而上部犬齿列犬齿的距离从28至38毫米不等。 Bis different width at the lower canine area of ​​the dental arch appliance of different sizes from 24 to 33 mm, and the upper column canine canine distance range from 28 to 38 mm.这样的大尺寸还通过最末一个磨牙向远侧被带回到下部和上部的凹槽上。 Such a large size is also brought back to the recesses of the lower and upper molars distally through the last one.

图1是举例说明本发明原理的部分剖掉的恒齿齿列矫正用具的透视图。 FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the principles of the present invention, part broken away of the permanent teeth orthodontic appliance.

图1A是举例说明本发明原理的部分剖掉的混合齿列矫正用具的透视图。 FIG 1A is a perspective view illustrating the principles of the present invention is a mixed partial cut away orthodontic appliance.

图1B是举例说明本发明原理的部分剖掉的乳齿齿列矫正用具的透视图。 FIG. 1B is a perspective view illustrating the principles of the present invention partially broken away of the orthodontic appliance deciduous example.

图2是图1所示用具的平面图。 FIG 2 is a plan view of the tool shown in FIG.

图3是大体沿图2中的线III-III的剖面图。 FIG 3 is a sectional view taken generally along the line III-III in 2.

图4是图1所示用具的侧视图。 FIG 4 is a side view of the tool shown in FIG.

图5是大体沿图2中的线VV的剖面图。 FIG 5 is a sectional view taken generally along the line VV 2.

图6是图1中所示用具的一个变换实施例的部分横向剖面图。 FIG 6 is a cross sectional view of part of an embodiment of a transformation tool 1 shown in FIG.

图7是类似于图6的让牙齿与用具配合在一起的一个部分剖面图。 FIG. 7 is to the tooth and the appliance together with a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 6.

图8是图6所示实施例的部分侧剖面图。 FIG 8 is a side sectional view of a portion of the embodiment shown in FIG. 6.

图9是类似于图8的让牙齿咬入用具内的一个部分侧剖面图。 FIG. 9 is similar to FIG make teeth bite into a side sectional view of the inner part 8 of the tool.

图10是图1所示用具的一个变换实施例的平面图。 FIG 10 is a plan view of an embodiment of a conversion device shown in FIG.

图11是大体沿图10的VI-VI线的侧剖面图。 FIG 11 is a side cross-sectional view generally along the line VI VI-10.

图12是图1所示用具的一个变换实施例的一个平面图。 FIG 12 is a plan view of an embodiment of a conversion device shown in FIG.

图13是通过图12所示用具的一个剖面图。 FIG 13 is a cross-sectional view through the tool 12 shown in FIG.

图14是图12所示用具的透视图。 FIG 14 is a perspective view of tool 12 shown in FIG.

图15是本发明用具一个实施例的侧视图。 FIG 15 is a side view of a tool of the invention embodiment.

一种用于牙齿矫直和引导以及为恒齿提供颌骨成型功能的预成型用具在图1中总的以20表示。 A dental appliance preform for straightening and guiding the mandible and to provide permanent tooth shaped function is generally indicated at 20 in FIG. 1 in.用于混合型齿列的一种用具在图1A中总的以20A表示，而用于乳齿齿列的用具在图1B中总的以20B表示。 One kind of a hybrid appliance for the total teeth 20A to FIG 1A showing, for the deciduous dentition of the tool shown in FIG. 20B to the total 1B.这三种类型的每一种在结构上都非常相似，主要是装置的远端长度有所不同(恒齿齿列型延伸出至少覆盖一部分第二恒磨牙，混合型延伸出覆盖住第一恒磨牙而乳齿型延伸出覆盖住乳磨牙)。 Each of these three types are very similar in structure, the length of the distal end of the device is mainly different (permanent teeth extending nematic covers at least part of the second permanent molars, the hybrid-type cover extending first permanent molars and deciduous type cover extending deciduous molar).装置的尺寸大小明显不同以适合于不同的颌骨尺寸，但在其它许多方面，其结构是相同的，因此，除非有特别的不同点，否则对每一种用具的描述都将参照图1的恒齿齿列用具进行描述。 It means significantly different size to suit different jaw sizes, but in many other respects, the structure is the same, and therefore, unless there are specific differences, or the description of each tool are with reference to FIG. 1 dentition permanent teeth tool will be described.

该用具或固位体在平面图中一般呈U型，以适合于一般人的口腔形状而截面一般呈H型以形成一个上部的或上齿接收凹槽22和一个下部的或下齿接收凹槽24。 The appliance or retainers in a plan view generally U-shaped to fit the shape of the mouth of the person generally H-shaped cross-section to form a generally tooth-receiving recess 22 and a lower portion of the upper or lower teeth receiving recesses 24 or the upper portion of a .凹槽22和24的两侧用舌侧突缘26和唇颊侧突缘28粘合，该舌侧突缘覆盖了上齿弓和下齿弓的舌部表面或舌部一侧，而唇颊侧突缘28覆盖了上、下齿弓的前表面和朝向颊部的表面。 On both sides of the groove 22 and tongue side 24 of the flange 26 and the lip 28 an adhesive buccal flange, the lingual flange portion covering the surface of the tongue or tongue portion on one side of the dental arch and the lower dental arch, the lip buccal flange 28 covers the upper and lower dental arch and the front surface toward the surface of the cheek.

上齿和下齿接收槽22、24都带有多个具有不同形状的牙接收凹陷或槽，如22a、22b、22c、22d、22e、22f和22g以容纳口腔中从中门齿到尖齿、双尖齿等不同牙齿，并且大致终止于横跨第二磨牙一半的位置上。 Receiving recesses or grooves and lower teeth with a plurality of receiving grooves 22, 24 having different shapes of teeth, such as 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d, 22e, 22f and 22g from the oral cavity to receive the tines incisor, bis tines such as different tooth and terminates at a position substantially across the upper half of the second molar.或者，用具当然可制成只具有一个上齿槽22或只有一个下齿槽24。 Alternatively, the tool can of course be made with only one or only a gullet 22 at a cogging 24.

在混合型齿列用具20A中，上、下齿接收槽22A、22B均带有多个具有不同形状以容纳口腔中从中门齿到尖齿第一双尖齿、第二乳磨牙并终止于第一恒磨牙的不同的牙齿的牙接收凹陷或槽，如22Aa、22Ab、22Ac、22Ad、22Ae。 In a hybrid tool teeth 20A, the upper and lower tooth receiving grooves 22A, 22B each having a plurality of different shapes to accommodate the oral cavity from the incisor teeth of the first bicuspid tooth tip, terminating in a second deciduous molars and the first teeth of different tooth molars receiving recess or groove, such 22Aa, 22Ab, 22Ac, 22Ad, 22Ae.或者用具当然可以制成只有一个上齿槽22A或只有一个下齿槽24A。 Or appliance may of course be formed on only one or only a cogging 22A inferior alveolar 24A.

在乳齿齿列用具203中，上、下齿接收凹槽均带有多个具有不同形状以容纳口腔中从中门齿到尖齿、第一乳磨牙并终止于第二乳磨牙的不同的乳齿的齿接收凹陷或槽。 Deciduous teeth in the tooth row tool 203, the upper and lower tooth receiving grooves each having a plurality of different primary teeth have different shapes from the oral cavity to receive the tines incisor, first deciduous molars and terminate at the second deciduous molars receiving recesses or grooves.

该用具可被制成坚硬的或柔性的，并且当做成柔性时，能够允许该用具做某种移动或形状的改变。 The appliance can be made rigid or flexible, and when made of flexible, able to allow some movement of the tool to make a change or shape.在图1、1A和1B所示实施例中，没有另外包括可彼此相对移动的部件。 In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1,1A and 1B embodiment, no further comprising a member movable relative to one another.如果有两个槽的话，它们彼此间保持相对固定。 If there are two grooves, it remains fixed relative to each other between.

在图15所示实施例中，提供了一种作为分裂体一一个单体部件而形成的用具20c，并且是柔性的，因此允许用具做某种运动或形状的改变，两个齿槽22c、24c可以通过设在槽远端的铰链连接机构29彼此相对移动。 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 15, one kind of appliances is provided, as a member of one monomer of the split body 20c is formed, and is flexible, thus allowing the tool to make some movement or change of shape, two cogging 22c , 24c connected by a hinge mechanism provided at the distal end of the slot 29 moves relative to each other.铰链连接机构是这样形成的，即，装置是自开的，也就是说，前部被迫相互分开。 The hinge coupling mechanism is formed, i.e., the device is self-opening, that is, the front portions are forced apart from each other.这种类型的用具既可以用于恒齿、混合型齿列，也可用于乳齿齿列。 This type of tool may be used for permanent teeth, mixed dentition, deciduous dentition can also be used.

这种用具可以通过在模制时或模制后沿中心接合线(沿咬合面方向)将塑料或其它弹性材料用具切开而构成。 This appliance can be made at the time of molding or after the molding along the central joining line (in the direction of the occlusal plane) plastic or other elastic material is constituted cutting tool.如果切口是在模制时做成的，则要将用具立即打开并让模制的塑料在一个打开位置上冷却并热凝成型，以便用力才能将其重新闭合。 If the cut is made at the time of molding, it will have to immediately open and let the appliance molded plastic cooled type and thermally cemented in an open position for some force to be reclosed.用具的弹性将使用具自动打开。 Appliances, utensils flexibility will open automatically.

构成这种用具的另一种方法需要让用具在已模制出来并且已经冷却之后沿同一条中心接合线冷切，且在“铰链”部分的塑料被轻度加热升温的同时保持张开，并可以在该张开位置上热凝成型。 Another method of constituting such appliances need to engage with a tool center line after the cold cut out along been molded and has cooled, and the plastic "hinge" portion is heated up slightly while maintaining the open, and in this type cemented may be thermally expanded position.向用具的背部或后部开口的程度提供了将患者某部位上的用具闭合的一个弱的(更向后切)或强的力。 The degree of opening of the appliance to the back or rear of the tool is provided on a portion of a patient closed weak (further rearward cut) or a strong force.

这种用具的优点在于：不仅增加了可在夜间将用具保持在口腔中的儿童的数量，而且在使用者将用具保持在口腔内的同时，为了矫正涂覆或过覆，在前部(前面的)牙齿中施加了轻微的下压力。 The advantage of this tool is that: not only can increase the number of nighttime appliance held in the mouth of children, and at the same time holding the user appliance in the mouth, in order to correct coated or covered over the front portion (front ) is applied to a tooth under slight pressure.这种下压力还可以通过这样的方式增加；当用具位于口腔中时，插入一个作为铰链的柔性和弹性金属片或弹簧以增加将口腔闭合所需的力。 Such pressure may also be increased at this manner; located in the mouth when the appliance is inserted as a hinge and a flexible resilient spring sheet metal or to increase the force required to close the mouth.

对于整个部件由两个在平面位置分开的部件模制而成且两部件之间有一个一体模制成型的铰链的用具来说，另一个优点就是不同形状的模具可以彼此结合起来放置，以及为了前后地增加或减小其间的距离或相互关系(前面到后面)将其相对于铰链的可弯曲部分向前或向后移动、并且因此产生了不同类型的用具，这些用具可以矫正不同程度的错，如严重的II级错，轻度II级错，I级或III级错。 Member for the entire system formed by the two split mold members in planar position and has a molded integrally molding tool is a hinge between the two members, a further advantage is that molds of different shapes may be combined with each other are placed, and to increase or decrease the distance or relation therebetween to each other back and forth (front to back) which is bendable relative to the hinge portion forward or backward, and thus generates different types of appliances, these appliances can correct different degrees of wrong, such as severe fault class II, mild class II error, the I or III wrong.铰链部分还可以做得更厚或更薄，或更宽或更窄，以增加或降低铰链的作用力。 The hinge portion may also be made thicker or thinner, or wider or narrower, to increase or decrease the biasing force of the hinge.

图1所示用具要被用于恒齿齿列阶段，也就是说所有的乳齿都已经被恒齿所替换。 Tool shown in Figure 1 to be used for permanent tooth row phase, that is to say all of the primary teeth have been replaced with permanent teeth.

图1A所示的混合型齿列用具20A要被用于混合齿列阶段，也就是说某些乳齿(但不是全部)已被恒齿所替换。 FIG mixed dentition 1A 20A shown tool to be used for mixed dentition stage, that is to say some of the primary teeth (but not all) has been replaced by the permanent teeth.从第一双尖齿向前(22Aa-22Ad)的齿槽具有与可能尚未长出的恒齿(图4)相同的大小并处在相同的位置上。 Having permanent teeth may not grow (FIG. 4) of the same size from the first bicuspid tooth gap forwardly (22Aa-22Ad) is imposed at the same location.在第一双尖齿远端的大齿槽22Ae具有第二乳磨牙与第一恒磨牙结合的尺寸。 The large tooth groove of the first bicuspid 22Ae distal end having a second deciduous molars and first permanent molars binding size.

图1B所示的乳齿齿列用具20B要被用于乳齿齿列阶段，也就是说所有的乳齿均未被恒齿所替换。 FIG deciduous dentition tool shown 1B 20B to be used for deciduous dentition stage, that is to say all deciduous permanent teeth have not been replaced.所提供的齿槽与恒齿具有相同的大小并位于相同的位置上，以便使颌骨延伸到正常最终所需的大小。 And permanent tooth cogging provided having the same size and located at the same position, so that the size of the mandible extending normal to the final desired.

图1所示用具(还有图1A、图1B和图15所示用具)不同于以前所得到的用具，其中唇侧突缘28的上边缘30(图1、3和4)从齿槽22的齿接收表面32向龈延伸到比以前设在这类用具中的上边缘更大的程度。 Appliances (also FIGS. 1A, 1B and appliances shown in FIG. 15) differs from the tool shown in FIG. 1 obtained previously, wherein the labial projecting edge 30 (FIGS. 3 and 4) from the edge 28 of the gullet 22 greater degree of tooth-receiving edge surface 32 extends into the gum than before such a tool is provided in the.这种过多的延伸量为0.1～10毫米以便使唇侧突缘将恒馏导(constant distillizing guidance)顶着门齿骨放置并压在唇侧龈组织上。 Such excessive elongation of 0.1 to 10 mm so that the labial constant distillate guide flange (constant distillizing guidance) is placed and pressed against the bone incisor on the labial gingival tissue.突缘的该延伸边缘向侧面至少延伸到犬齿，以使得当犬齿向唇长出并且大大超过正常长出位置时，如用作恒犬齿长出的话，该用具会更容易地引导该牙齿就位。 When the extending edge flange which extends laterally at least to the canines, canine grow so that when the lip and grow much more than the normal position, such as permanent canines grow, then the tool will be more easily guided into position the tooth .由于以前获得的用具具有宽达10毫米的上唇突缘，因此本发明打算采用10～20毫米垂直尺寸的一个上唇突缘。 Since the tool having previously obtained 10 mm wide flange the upper lip, the present invention is thus intended to use the vertical dimension of 10 - 20 mm in a flange lip.

同样，下舌突缘具有一个边缘34(图2和3)，该边缘向舌侧龈延伸超过以前所设边缘0.1～10毫米。 Similarly, the flange having a lower edge of the tongue 34 (FIGS. 2 and 3), the lingual gingival edge extends over the edge of the previously set 0.1 to 10 mm.该延伸边缘有助于防止下颌骨在病人睡觉时向远侧滑出该用具。 The extending edge helps to prevent the tool from slipping out of the mandible while sleeping patient distally.这样设置还有助于更有效地矫正覆盖。 Such arrangement also helps to more effectively correct coverage.因此，本发明提供了从下舌边缘上至14毫米或更多的一个突缘以及距下门齿的边缘达22毫米的一个突缘。 Accordingly, the present invention provides a from the lower edge of the tongue 14 mm or more to a flange and a flange from the edge of the lower incisors up to 22 mm.

如图2所示，上舌侧突缘26具有多个浅槽40a、40b、40c、40d、40e，每个凹槽都在用具的门齿内向舌延伸0.1～2毫米。 As shown, the tab 2 side flange 26 has a plurality of shallow grooves 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, each groove within the incisor appliance tongue extending from 0.1 to 2 mm.在中门齿的近中舌侧的区域处有一个中心槽或近中槽40c，并稍向远侧延伸以形成向每个中门齿的中心的间隙。 It has a central slot or groove 40c near the area near the lingual side of the incisors, and slightly extends distally to form a gap in the center of each of the incisors.下一个远侧隔开的凹槽40b、40d位于中门齿的远中舌边缘及侧门齿的近中舌侧缘。 The next distally spaced recesses 40b, 40d located in central incisor distal edge of the tongue in the lateral incisor and the mesial lingual edge.这些凹槽40b、40d还稍向中延伸以形成向中门齿中心的间隙并向远侧延伸以形成向侧门齿中心的间隙。 These grooves 40b, 40d are formed to extend slightly further into the gap and the center of the central incisor to form a gap laterally extending distally center incisors.最后，最远侧的凹槽40a、40e分别位于侧门齿的远中舌侧缘。 Finally, the most distal groove 40a, 40e are located in the lateral incisor lingual distal edges.因此，无论是所有四个门齿的舌侧上的近中舌侧缘还是远中舌侧缘均被包容在凹槽内。 Thus, both the mesial lingual edge on all four incisors lingual or lingual distal edges are contained within the groove.这些凹槽要特别设置以适应在黄种人门齿中的称作铲形门齿的特点。 These recesses provided to accommodate the special yellow incisors is referred to as a spade incisors characteristics.凹槽的宽度可使夹具更容易地放入这些区域。 The width of the groove can be more easily placed in the clamp these regions.凹槽不到凸缘的门齿区域即终止，其中表现为距凸缘的门齿区域仅差1～3毫米。 Incisor region of the groove is less than the flange is terminated, wherein the performance of the incisor region just under the flange from 1 to 3 mm.夹具可以放在这段区域内以转动白种子和黑种人的牙齿。 The jig may be placed in this region and to rotate the white seeds black person's teeth.

在每个凹槽区域的舌侧突缘向唇舌侧的厚度在0.5～2毫米范围内，以便在上门齿施加垂直和旋转的过量压力。 The thickness of the flange on the lingual side of the lingual side of each groove in the region 0.5 to 2 mm, is applied to the vertical and rotational incisors excessive pressure.由于用具最好由弹性塑料材料制成，因此，材料本身的弹性将会在牙齿上产生所希望的压力。 Since the tool is preferably made of a resilient plastic material, the elastic material itself will produce a desired pressure on the teeth.

在上述一体的或分体的实施例中的恒齿齿列、混合齿列或乳齿齿列用具中可包含许多其它的特征和结构。 In the integral or deciduous dentition or permanent dentition tool teeth row in the embodiment, the mixture may comprise separate many other features and structures.例如，用具可以按照矫正覆的方式制作。 For example, devices can be produced in accordance with the overlying correct manner.为了做到这一点，在唇颊侧和舌侧突缘之间延伸的峡部50的厚度不同于所有咬合表面基本上同时接触的厚度。 To do this, the thickness of the isthmus between the lip 50 and lingual buccal flange extending substantially different from the thickness of all the occlusal surfaces simultaneously contact.在前齿区(门齿)(图3)的厚度相对于后齿区(磨牙)(图5)在两侧均有所增加，以便使前齿首先接触峡部50，进而在患者试图继续咬合牙齿时有一个下压力迫使前齿进入齿龈直到后齿真正咬合上。 After the region with respect to the teeth (molars) (FIG. 5) on both sides are increased (incisors) (FIG. 3) in the front region of the tooth thickness, so that the first contacts isthmus front teeth 50, and thus the patient when trying to continue engaging teeth there is a forced under pressure into the upper front teeth after tooth gingival occlusal until true.用于矫正覆的这种峡部50厚度的不同既可以通过降低后齿区厚度(图8)也可以通过增加前齿区(图3)厚度来实现。 50 for correcting the thickness of the overlying this isthmus may be either different tooth regions (FIG. 3) through the front increased thickness is achieved by reducing the thickness of the tooth region (FIG. 8).

然而，考虑到峡部50在后齿区已经相当薄(例如，1.5毫米)，进一步降低这一部位的厚度通常是不可取的，因此，最好通过增加前齿处峡部的厚度来实现这一变化。 However, considering the isthmus region of the tooth 50 has a relatively thin (e.g., 1.5 mm), to further reduce the thickness of this portion is generally not desirable, therefore, is preferably by increasing the thickness of the front teeth of the isthmus to achieve this change .已经发现，当与正常的同时咬合设计相比较时，前齿区相对于后齿区的厚度增加优选地在4和5毫米之间，进而使得在后齿有可能接触之前，前齿下压1～2毫米。 It has been found that when the nip simultaneously with the normal design compared with respect to the front teeth region after the thickness of the tooth region is increased preferably between 4 and 5 mm, and further such that when the teeth may be exposed before, a pressure lower front teeth to 2 mm.这种结构既可在上颌也可在下颌牙齿中实施，并且可被用于具有上凹槽或下凹槽的用具的上凹槽22和/或下凹槽24中或者用于只有上颌凹槽或只有下颌凹槽的用具的单个槽中。 This structure can also be implemented in the maxillary teeth in the lower jaw, and can be used and / or 24 or to be in the upper groove on the groove having a groove or a recess on the appliance under the groove 22 or only a single jaw of the appliance recess groove.凹槽可以增加几个毫米，比方说10～18毫米，但后部仍要只小于该值约2～3毫米，或仍具有7～16毫米厚。 The grooves may increase a few millimeters, say 10 to 18 mm, but this value is less than the rear portion still only about 2 to 3 mm, or still having 7 to 16 mm thick.

用具20还可被用于矫正开和/或用于保持以前对开的矫正。 Tool 20 may also be used to correct the opening and / or for holding previous off correction.开基本上与覆相反，在这种情况下，上前牙设有向下延伸到超过下颌前牙的前表面一个足够的量。 Opening substantially overlying the contrary, in this case, it is provided with front teeth extending downwardly beyond the front surface of the anterior teeth of a sufficient amount.根据这一结构，可以采用只颠倒对覆合所做的改变的方式矫正这种开和/或保持前面对开所做的矫正。 According to this structure, the reverse may be employed only for draping changes made to correct this manner the opening and / or holding off the front of correction made.在这种情况下，当在所有牙齿基本上同时与峡部咬合时与峡部厚度比较，峡部50的厚度在后牙区相对于前牙区有所增加。 In this case, when the nip substantially simultaneously with all the teeth in the isthmus isthmus thickness compared with the thickness of isthmus 50 in the anterior tooth region with respect to the area increase.这样，当患者在最初的后牙咬合配合之后试图继续咬合前牙时，就会产生在过早接触的后牙上施加下压力的作用。 Thus, when the patient after the initial attempt to continue with the occlusal bite of anterior teeth, it will produce an applied pressure at the posterior premature contact.后牙的这种成功下压作用当然会在后牙咬合之前使上颌的前牙进一步向下移动超过下颌前牙，进而实现开矫正。 After the success of such teeth would of course under pressure action of the front upper jaw teeth before the occlusion further downward movement over the anterior teeth, so as to realize opening correction.如同覆矫正时，厚度的增加会优选地产生1～2毫米的过早接触(在此是后牙情况下)以矫正前牙开。 When corrected as coating thickness increases premature contacts will preferably 1 to 2 mm (in this case the posterior) prior to straightening teeth apart.

如在图6～9所示实施例中，当用具已将牙齿按所需排列之后，可通过对所选择的牙槽58再成型使其精确地呈其相应牙齿的外部轮廓来对用具的内表面进行改造，进而将那些所选择的牙齿牢固地保持在一个准确的位置上。 As in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 to 9 embodiment, when the dental appliance has been arranged after the desired press, can be selected by the outer contour of the alveolar 58 reshaping it was precisely within its respective teeth of the tool to the transform the surface, and further those selected teeth firmly held in a precise position.这种再成型是通过向所选择的凹陷中插入一种柔软的可塑材料60来完成的，这种材料具有短时间后在体温下硬化并永久性地粘在用具上的特性。 This molding is then inserted through a soft plastic material 60 to the selected recess to complete, after this material has hardened for a short time and permanently adhered to the appliance properties at body temperature.采用这种材料，用具可被放入患者口腔中，在其中准确地对中，并让患者闭上牙齿并闭合几分钟直至材料硬化。 With such materials, equipment can be placed into the patient's mouth, where accurate alignment, and the patient is closed and teeth closed for several minutes until the material hardens.然后将用具取出，且当材料完全硬化时，在牙槽边缘对其进行修整。 The tool is then removed, and when the material is completely cured, alveolar trimming its edges.结果，产生了一种为将牙齿移动到所希望的位置上而最初预成型或定制的牙齿用具，该用具进一步包括一种位于所选择的牙槽内的衬里材料，其中衬里被作成基本上与放入其中的牙齿的外部轮廓准确相符的形状，进而将已经到达该处的牙齿牢固地保持在该位置上。 As a result, a tooth is moved to a desired position while the first preformed or custom dental appliance, the appliance further comprising a liner material located within selected alveolar, wherein the liner is made substantially into which the outer contour of the tooth accurately match the shape, and thus there has reached the teeth firmly held in this position.当然，衬里材料既可用于上颌、下颌，也可用于上颌一下颌的组合。 Of course, both for the upper lining material, the lower jaw, the upper jaw may also be used in combination of a lower jaw.

衬里材料可以是一种在体温下变得相对较硬的材料或可以是一种在体温下是相对有弹性的或橡胶类的材料。 Backing material may be a relatively hard material becomes at body temperature or at body temperature may be a relatively resilient or rubber-like material.如果采用硬质材料的话，则具有这样的优点，即当牙齿的咬合表面移入其对应的凹陷内时，用具会相当牢固地咬合就位，将硬质材料推向牙槽的舌侧突缘一边，当牙齿在其各自的凹陷内就位时，这些槽的舌侧突缘紧压住靠近牙龈的牙齿的下凹部分。 If a hard material, then has the advantage that when the occlusal surface of the teeth moved within its corresponding recess, utensils be quite firmly snapped into place, the hard material toward the lingual side of the flange alveolar when the tooth in place in their respective recesses, grooves lingual flange is pressed against the concave portion of the tooth near the gums.或者，如果衬里材料是相对有弹性的话，则不会具有与采用硬质材料同样的牢固的刚性作用，俣是很明显，利用弹性材料可以更紧密地或更精确地与牙齿的外部轮廓相吻合。 Alternatively, if the liner material is relatively elastic, it does not have the use of a hard material the same strong rigidity effect, Minamata is obvious, the elastic material may be more closely or more accurately with the outer contour of the tooth coincide .实际上，可以通过采用一种在体温及室温下呈坚硬状态但若高几度就变得有点橡胶的材料来获得硬质材料和柔软材料两者的优点。 In fact, it may be in solid state but if a few degrees becomes somewhat rubber-like material to obtain the advantages of both the hard material by use of a soft material and at body temperature and room temperature.这种材料可以具有两者的优点，其中患者可以在热水中使最终重新定位的用具变热，将其放入患者口腔中，之后它会慢慢变硬并且通过牢固地将牙齿保持就位而起到象硬质衬里材料一样的作用。 This material may have advantages of both, where the patient may be repositioned in a final manipulation tool to heat the hot water, which was placed in the patient's mouth, then it will slowly harden teeth and by securely held in place and functions as a rigid backing material the same effect.

已知有许多材料可被用来构成衬里材料。 Many materials are known which may be used to form the liner material.优选的，可采用这样一些材料，即：可产生聚合作用的，可与之化学粘接的或另外可很强地粘接到用具本身的材料上的或具有为此目的而额外加入的材料。 Preferably, some materials may be employed such that: the polymerization can be generated, therewith may be chemically bonded or otherwise adhered strongly to the material or additionally added with this purpose on the tool material itself.例如，预成型或定制的用具可以由一种聚合物或具有相同材料的共聚物制成，或由一种可为嵌入材料提供粘接表面的材料制成。 For example, a copolymer of preformed or custom made appliances may be made of a polymer or equivalent material, or be made from a material provides an adhesion surface for the insert material.这可包括，例如，一种含很少重量百分比的丙烯酸树脂的材料，这种材料可因此为与其保持永久性粘接的自硬化丙烯酸聚合物提供理想的粘接表面。 This may include, for example, containing few percent by weight of an acrylic resin material, which may be provided over the adhesive surfaces so as to maintain its self-curing acrylic polymer permanently bonded.可以将一种异丁烯酸甲酯单体涂在要加入衬里材料的用具表面上，之后该单体和自硬化丙烯酸聚合物混合成为一种流动状粘稠度并置于喷涂表面上。 One kind of methyl methacrylate monomer may be coated on the backing material is added to the surface of the tool, after which the self-curing acrylic polymer and monomer mixture into a flow of a viscous and placed on the sprayed surface.采用这种下的用具，应将用具放入患者的口腔中，适当地对中，并让患者闭上牙齿并保持几分钟，直到材料硬化。 With this in appliances, utensils should be placed in the patient's mouth, appropriately, the teeth and the patient and remain closed a few minutes until the material hardens.硬化之后，应对材料进行修整和抛光。 After hardening, shall then trimmed and polished.

图6和图8表示了内有衬里材料的上部侧门齿的齿槽。 FIGS. 6 and 8 show an upper lateral incisor cogging material within the liner.在图6中，表示了正稍向上延伸进入该牙齿与其相邻牙齿之间的空隙中的衬里材料，而图8表示的是材料如何到达齿槽的上边缘以便与牙齿的唇侧和舌侧的下凹部分配合。 In FIG. 6, showing a slightly positive extends upwardly into the tooth gaps between the liner material and its adjacent tooth, and Fig 8 shows how the material to reach the upper edge of the gullet tooth labial and lingual the concave portion of the fitting.图7和图9表示了侧门齿位于其中的图6和图8的改进了的齿槽。 7 and FIG. 9 shows the improved lateral incisor located therein FIGS. 6 and 8 cogging.

图10-11表示本发明的另一个实施例，其中在齿槽74的区域的峡部72内至少为门齿提供了一个垂直缝隙70(如用实线所表示的)，在某些情况下，包括犬齿的齿槽区域(通常为成人使用)，如用虚线所表示的。 Figures 10-11 showing another embodiment of the present invention, which is provided in the region of the isthmus 72 of the gullet 74 of the incisors is at least one vertical slot 70 (as indicated by a solid line), in some cases, including canines gullet areas (usually for adults), as indicated by a broken line.应该理解的是，只要其大小和形状允许牙齿长出而不会有阻力，缝隙70可以是贯穿整个用具延伸的一个通缝，或可以是一对对置的通道或槽，或一个部分缝隙。 It should be appreciated that the size and shape as long as it allows the teeth to grow without the resistance, the slit 70 may be run through a through-slit extending throughout the appliance, or may be a pair of opposed grooves or channels, or a portion of the slot.以这种方式，峡部72只在用具的后部与突缘76、78相互连接，且在前部不与突缘相互连接。 In this way, the isthmus 72 is connected with each other at the rear of the flange 76, 78 of the tool, and is not interconnected with the front portion of the flange.当用具使用者在门齿(以及有可能是犬齿)上咬合时，垂直缝隙70保证了在垂直方向上不在门齿上施加压力。 When incisor appliance user (and may be the canine) engaging the vertical slot 70 is not guaranteed the incisors in the vertical direction on the application of pressure.在后齿区突体的峡部72防止了那些牙齿的进一步长出，而缝隙则促进前齿的进一步长出以有助于矫正开状态。 In the region after the teeth projecting member 72 prevents further isthmus grow those teeth, and the gap at the front of the teeth facilitate further grow to help to correct the open state.

该实施例还包括一个最好与用具一体模制的模制嵌入物80，该嵌入物被作为舌尖的提示引导物模制成用具的舌侧突缘。 This embodiment further comprises a preferably molded integrally with the tool insert 80 is molded, the insert is molded as a hint to guide tongue was made appliance lingual flange.嵌入物80在舌侧包括一个或多个沿用具的下中线部分设置的或与中线横向间隔的尖锐的突起，以阻止舌头呈现向前的和下压的位置。 Lingual insert comprising a 80 or more follow the line with the lower portion is provided with a protrusion or sharp centerline laterally spaced to prevent the tongue presents a forward position and a lower pressure.用具沿中线的轮廓(如在图11中表示得最清楚)还包括一段超过突起的凹槽区82，该区尤其当与尖锐突起结合起来时，促使舌头处于更高的垂直位置。 Tool along the contour line (as shown in Figure 11 most clearly) further comprises a recess section than the projection area 82, the area especially when combined with sharp protrusions, it causes the tongue at a higher vertical position.加入该模制嵌入物80起到促使舌头适当定位的作用，进而克服了使开合状态变得更加严重的前舌伸入问题。 Add the molded insert 80 acts to promote proper positioning of the tongue, and thus overcome the opening and closing state becomes more severe anterior tongue extending into problems.

在图12-14中表示了另一个实施例。 It shows another embodiment in Figures 12-14.在该实施例中，在U形用具有前弯曲部分92处设置了舌侧突缘90以便覆盖住中门齿和侧门齿的上或下组中的至少一组的舌侧表面。 In this embodiment, the bend in the U-shaped front portion 92 is provided with a tongue having lateral flanges 90 so as to cover at least a lingual surface of the group or the group living in the lateral incisor and the incisor.舌侧突缘终止于犬齿之前以便让患者的舌头自由地贴合后齿(犬齿和磨牙)的舌侧表面，可形成唇侧/颊侧突缘94以便保持颊部和唇部远离患者牙齿的颊侧和唇侧表面。 Lingual flange terminates before the canine patient's tongue so that the freely fit engagement teeth (canines and molars) the lingual surface, may be formed labial / buccal side of the flange 94 in order to maintain the cheeks and lips away from the patient's teeth buccal and labial surfaces.

所述用具优选为一种预成型或定制的装置，它由模制弹性材料(如塑料)制成，它与前齿(中门齿和侧门齿)符合，而颊侧突缘94横向与后齿隔开。 The appliance is preferably a custom device or preform, which is made of molded elastomeric material (such as plastic), with which the front teeth (lateral incisor, and central incisor) meet, and buccal flange 94 and the rear lateral teeth separated.因此，舌头顶住后齿的力造成了这些牙齿向颊侧移动从而为患者过密的或潜在过密的牙齿提供多余的空间。 Therefore, the tongue against the teeth of the tooth forces causing these to move the patient so as buccal too close or too close to the teeth to provide a potential extra space.

颊架的舌侧突缘96开有凹槽，其中具有从凹槽伸出的向舌侧延伸的突起98。 Buccal lingual flange 96 is notched bracket, which has a protrusion 98 extending toward the lingual side extending from the recess.突起98的定位量使其突向在每个后齿之间的相邻的空隙中，并在犬齿和侧门齿之间设置了一个楔形突起100。 So that the positioning projections 98 projecting between the adjacent teeth after each gap, and a tapered protrusion 100 is provided between the canines and lateral incisor.这些突起从其在颊侧突缘的连接点向前和向舌呈一定角度从而限定了一个指向颊侧或后侧的槽或穴102以便容纳每个后齿。 These connection points projecting from the flange on the buccal side and angled forward to thereby define a tongue 102 for receiving a point to each of the teeth or the buccal cavity or the rear side of the groove.突起的倾斜促使每个颊侧齿处在可扩张的位置上，同时获得了犬齿和侧门齿之间的向前的空间，该空间可被用于消除前段尤其是侧犬齿区的拥挤。 Inclined projection causes each tooth in the buccal expandable position, while obtaining a space between the forward lateral incisor and the canine, the space can be used to eliminate the congestion canine anterior side particular region.优选地，颊架的扩张允许上牙弓和下牙弓的犬齿之间扩张约1～20毫米，以及每个磨牙之间横向扩张约1～20毫米。 Preferably, the expandable frame permits expansion of the cheek between the upper and lower arches canine lateral expansion between about 1 to 20 mm, and from about 1 to 20 molar per millimeter.如果希望或需要的话，可在前段设置扩张空间，但在某些情况下，不需要前段扩张。 If you want or need, it can be set up in the preceding expansion space, but in some cases, do not need to pre-stage expansion.

Claims (16)

Translated from Chinese

1.一种正牙用具，它通常在平面图中U形，并包括一个至少在其上侧的舌侧和唇/颊侧突缘之间形成的牙齿接收凹槽，其中凹槽包括用来接收和定位从中门齿和侧门齿到并包括至少一个磨牙的牙齿的预制的牙齿接收凹陷，在所述门齿的一个区域内的所述唇侧突缘从所述凹槽的牙齿接收表面向龈延伸出多于10毫米以覆盖住患者的唇侧龈组织和门齿骨。 An orthodontic appliance, which is typically U-shaped in plan view and includes a tooth on its upper side between the lingual side and labial / buccal flange forming at least a receiving groove, wherein the groove for receiving comprises and positioning and lateral incisor from the incisors to and including at least one pre-molar teeth of the tooth receiving recess, the labial flange in a region of the incisor tooth extending from the receiving surface of the groove to the gingival more than 10 mm to cover the patient's labial gingival tissue and bone incisors.

2.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具包括上、下凹槽，且限定所述下凹槽的所述舌侧突缘在所述下门齿的区域内向龈和舌延伸出多于8毫米。 The orthodontic appliance according to claim 1, wherein said appliance comprises upper and lower recess and said lingual flange define a recess within the lower region of the incisors and gingival tongue extending in the lower a more than 8 mm.

3.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述上舌侧凹槽具有横向隔开的、垂直取向的、向舌延伸的0.1～1毫米的槽，该槽在中门齿的正中区域和远边以及侧门齿的远边和正中边稍向横向延伸以覆盖住四个门齿的侧边。 The orthodontic appliance according to claim 1, wherein the upper side of the tongue groove has laterally spaced, vertically oriented 0.1 to 1 mm in the groove extending in the tongue, in the middle region of the groove incisors lateral incisor and distal edges and distal edges and the middle edge extending slightly laterally to cover the four sides of the incisors.

4.根据权利要求3所述的正牙用具，其中在所述槽处的所述上唇侧突缘向唇舌侧为0.5～2毫米厚。 4. The orthodontic appliance as claimed in claim 3, wherein said upper lip of the groove side at the lingual side of the flange is 0.5 to 2 mm thick.

5根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具包括一个含模制基体材料的模制元件，所述模制基体材料具充分吸收性以便通过将用具掺入加氟材料中而使用具进行补充，且其中所述基体材料是在熔化和成型之前与0.01～200毫克/毫升或重量的0.01％～70％浓度的含氟物质混合的吸收变色塑料(absorbentblush plastic)。 5 orthodontic appliance according to claim 1, wherein said appliance comprises a molded member having a base molding material, the molding material has sufficiently absorbent substrate so as to increase the tool by incorporating a fluorine material used with complement, and wherein the matrix material is mixed with 0.01 to 200 mg / ml or 0.01% by weight to 70% concentration of fluorine-containing material prior to melting and discoloration of molded plastic absorber (absorbentblush plastic).

6.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具是由这样一种材料构成的，该材料在正常室内条件下通常为基本上透明的，且当放入患者口腔中一段预定时间后由于吸湿作用而增加了不透明度。 The orthodontic appliance according to claim 1, wherein said appliance is formed of a material, the material under normal room conditions is generally a substantially transparent, and when placed in the patient's mouth for a predetermined time after the moisture absorption effect and increased opacity.

7.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述凹缘由一个峡部相连，所述峡部的厚度是这样的，即，当其相对于凹槽的一侧靠在该排而不是所述一排的咬合表面时，所述一排的前齿在所述一排的后齿之前与峡部咬合以便在前齿施加一个作用力而将前齿向下压入齿龈以矫正覆或当后齿完成其与峡部咬合的移动时，保持住前面的覆矫正。 The orthodontic appliance according to claim 1, wherein said recess is connected to cause a isthmus thickness of the isthmus is such that, when it rests with respect to the discharge side of the groove instead of the after the occlusal surfaces of the front teeth in a row before the row of engaging teeth after a force is applied to the front teeth while the gingiva front teeth to correct downward into coated or isthmus when a row of teeth upon completion of the movement of the isthmus which is engaged, to hold the cover in front of the correction.

8.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述凸缘由峡部相连，所述峡部的厚度是这样的，即，当其相对于凹槽的一侧靠在该排而不是所述一排咬合表面上时，所述一排的后齿在所述一排前齿之前与峡部咬合以便在后齿施加一个作用力，当前齿完成其与峡部咬合的移动时将后齿向下压入齿龈以矫正开或保持住前面的开矫正。 8. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 1, wherein the flanges connected by the isthmus, the thickness of the isthmus is such that, when the side of the groove with respect to the rest of said row instead of a engaging the upper surface of the exhaust after the row of teeth in the row prior to engagement with the front teeth of the isthmus to apply a force on the teeth, after completion of the current gear tooth as it moves down into engagement with the isthmus or the gingiva to correct hold open the front opening correction.

9.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具是由一种弹性体材料构成的，并且所述凹槽中具有一个或多个凹陷，这些凹陷的形状基本上精确地与其所接收的牙齿的外部轮廓相吻合以充分地将其各自的牙齿相对于所述用具保持在一个固定的位置上，所述用具包括一个呈传统用具形状的基底，该基底的形成是为了矫正和保持患者口腔中的牙齿，并包括在选择出的一个或多个凹陷内相对于基底构成不连续相的一个衬里以构成所述选择出的牙齿的部分外部轮廓。 9. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 1, wherein the appliance is of an elastomeric material, and said grooves having one or more recesses, these recesses with a shape substantially exactly it receiving the outer contour of the tooth to sufficiently match their respective teeth with respect to the tool holder in a fixed position, said appliance comprising a shaped form of conventional tool substrate, the substrate is formed and held to correct teeth in the patient's mouth, and are included in the selected one or more recesses with respect to the outer contour portion constituting a base liner to constitute the discontinuous phase of the selected tooth.

10.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述凸缘由一个峡部相连，所述峡部在由至少某些中门齿、侧门齿和犬齿前齿咬合的所述用具的前部有一个垂直缝隙。 10. The orthodontic appliance according to claim 1, wherein the flanges are connected by an isthmus, the isthmus by at least some of said front portion of central incisor appliance, lateral incisor and canine teeth bite has a front vertical gap.

11.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述凸缘由一段峡部相连，且导舌装置包括至少一个在用具的下中线部分的向舌一侧上形成的尖锐突起和超出用于接收舌尖的突起的凹口区。 And beyond the pointed projections 11. The orthodontic appliance as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flange is connected by a length of the isthmus, and the guide means comprising a tongue formed on one side of the centerline of the tongue portion of at least one appliance for receiving the projection of the tongue recess region.

12.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述颊侧突缘包括多个限定了其间的牙齿接收凹槽并从所述颊侧突缘向纵向延伸的突起，所述突起间隔地伸入患者的每个后齿之间。 12. The orthodontic appliance as claimed in claim 1, wherein said buccal flange comprises a plurality of teeth define a receiving groove therebetween, and from the buccal side flanges to a longitudinally extending protrusion, the protrusion interval each extended into the patient between the teeth.

13.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，其中所述用具包括至少一个模制在其中的金属丝以将所述用具保持在所希望的形状。 13. The orthodontic appliance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the appliance comprises at least one wire molded therein to the tool holder in a desired shape.

14.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，用于恒齿齿列，其中所述用具向后延伸到一个咬合第二恒磨牙的位置上。 14. The orthodontic appliance as claimed in claim 1, for the dentition permanent teeth, wherein the appliance extends rearwardly to a position engaging the second molars.

15.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，用于混合齿列，其中所述用具向后延伸到一个咬合第一恒磨牙的位置上。 15. The orthodontic appliance as claimed in claim 1, for mixing the teeth, wherein the appliance extends rearwardly to a position engaging the first permanent molars.

16.根据权利要求1所述的正牙用具，用于乳齿齿列，其中所述用具向后延伸到一个咬合乳磨牙的位置上。 16. The orthodontic appliance as claimed in claim 1, for the deciduous dentition, wherein said tool extends rearwardly to a position engaging deciduous molars.

ortodÈntico apparatus, method for correcting the position of a tooth in the mouth of a patient, method and system for adjusting teeth of a patient, the dental appliance, and method for correcting the teeth of a patient

Dental appliance having an altered vertical thickness between an upper shell and a lower shell with an integrated hinging mechanism to attach an upper shell and a lower shell and a system and a method for treating malocclusions