Monday, October 22, 2007

Civilian deaths in combat operations

I find it very difficult to read about the deaths of civilians, especially children. I do not doubt that most people killed in this raid were combatants, but why do US officials claim that ALL were combatants when it is obvious that children were killed? Is it even possible to avoid civilian deaths in combat operations?

AFTER THE RAID: Neighbors examine a car destroyed in a battle in Baghdad's Sadr City district. U.S. officials said forces looking for a Shiite Muslim militant came under fire and fought back, killing 49 combatants. Iraqi authorities said 13 civilians were killed.

American officials dispute the claim, saying all 49 people dead after an assault on Sadr City were combatants.

BAGHDAD — U.S. forces engaged in an hours-long gun battle with militants during an early-morning raid in the Iraqi capital's Shiite Muslim district of Sadr City on Sunday. American officials said as many as 49 people were killed in the fighting.

The Iraqi government said many of the victims were civilians and protested the action. The American military said that all of those killed were "criminals."

A freelance correspondent for The Times said he saw the corpses of a woman and two small children. The wounded included two boys, 8 and 11, who were interviewed in their beds at Imam Ali Hospital by The Times. Another man said his 18-month-old son was killed, as well as a neighbor's son who was the same age.

U.S. officials said the forces did not capture or kill the raid's target, identified as the leader of a kidnapping cell that is part of a Shiite militant movement called the Special Groups -- a splinter group of the Mahdi Army militia no longer following orders from radical cleric Muqtada Sadr. American officials believe the splinter group is trained, funded and supplied by Iran through its Revolutionary Guard forces.

The White House declined to comment on the clash in Sadr City.

The fighting followed recent incidents in which U.S. forces killed 15 civilians in an attack on alleged leaders of the insurgent group Al Qaeda in Iraq, and Western private security contractors shot and killed 17 Iraqi civilians, inflaming anti-U.S. sentiment.

In two raids this summer on Sadr City, American soldiers killed more than 50 people.

In parliament Sunday, Iraqi officials discussed the possibility of placing restrictions on U.S. military operations in Iraq when theynegotiate the terms of the United Nations resolution that authorizes the U.S. presence here. The resolution comes up for its annual reauthorization before year's end.

Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri Maliki issued a statement demanding that the U.S. not use such overwhelming force in pursuing targets, and that it further coordinate its efforts with Iraqi forces. He said the government would conduct an investigation of the Sadr City incident.

Iraqi government spokesman Ali Dabbagh, speaking on CNN's "Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer," said that such attacks were "not creating a good atmosphere."

"We have today, again, one more problem created."

In Najaf, Sheik Salah Ubaidi, a spokesman for Sadr, who has called for near-term rapprochement with the U.S., said: "We denounce these acts. We have no option but to denounce. We have grown tired from the many denouncements we have made."

The Iraqi Interior Ministry, which oversees the Iraqi police force, said 13 civilians were killed and 69 wounded. The U.S. military issued two statements in which the total number of dead grew to 49 from six. Officials did not explain how they arrived at the casualty figures or explain the discrepancy between their total and that of the Iraqi government. A military spokesman said there were no U.S. casualties in the incident.

According to the initial U.S. account, ground forces arrived in Sadr City, a Mahdi Army stronghold, and began clearing buildings where their target was believed to be when they came under fire from machine guns and grenade launchers.

The soldiers called in airstrikes that killed six assailants, American authorities said. While leaving the area, they said, the forces were targeted by a roadside bomb.

In a subsequent account, the U.S. said the ground forces had returned fire in the initial attack, killing an additional 33 people. American officials said ground forces had continued to come under fire as they left the area, and that 10 more combatants were killed in that fighting.

In both accounts, the military said it was "unaware of any innocent civilians being killed as a result of this operation."

Iraqi witnesses gave a mostly similar account: Combatants in the neighborhood began firing on the U.S. troops, and a battle raged for more than two hours across several blocks in the neighborhood, damaging apartment buildings, a bakery, a power generator and several cars. Columns of black smoke rose into the sky.

But the Iraqi witnesses' details about casualties differed widely from those provided by the Americans. "The pilot shot me when I crossed the street to buy bread," 11-year-old Ali Ahmad said from his hospital bed. "I have been hit by shrapnel in my chest."

"I was going to buy eggs for breakfast, then I was hit by a helicopter," said Murtada Naim, an 8-year-old who was also interviewed in his hospital bed. He appeared to have suffered wounds to his chest and hand.

Ismail Mikilf Hassan, 47, said his toddler was killed when a missile hit his house, and that his 19-year-old son, who was in the hospital, had been wounded by shrapnel.

"The missile penetrated the ceiling and hit inside the room," he said. "I have a 1 1/2-year-old baby -- he was killed when his belly was opened. My second son is lying there on the bed and his belly is filled with shrapnel. I do not know if he is going to live or die."

Abu Qassim said his young son also was killed. "This should not happen!" he said. "Are these children from the Mahdi Army?"

Meanwhile, Iraqi police said three people were killed and three injured when a mortar round hit their car as they traveled through east Baghdad on Sunday evening. Police also said they found the bodies of six men, who had been shot to death, in the capital.

Baghdad in 2000: "A woman known as Um Haydar was beheaded reportedly without charge or trial at the end of December 2000. She was 25 years' old and married with three children. Her husband was sought by the security authorities reportedly because of his involvement in Islamist armed activities against the state. He managed to flee the country. Men belonging to Feda'iyye Saddam came to the house in al-Karrada district and found his wife, children and his mother. Um Haydar was taken to the street and two men held her by the arms and a third pulled her head from behind and beheaded her in front of the residents. The beheading was also witnessed by members of the Ba'ath Party in the area. The security men took the body and the head in a plastic bag, and took away the children and the mother-in-law. The body of Um Haydar was later buried in al-Najaf. The fate of the children and the mother-in-law remains unknown."