Oligonucleotides (ONs) are typically defined as short nucleic acid polymers that are 20 to 200 bases long. It has been well known that aptamers (single-stranded DNA or RNA ONs) can adopt distinct three-dimensional folded structures and bind to...

Peripheral estradiol treatment enhances hippocampus-dependent memory and morphology in ovariectomized rats. Although these enhancements are traditionally thought to be due to circulating estradiol, recent data suggest these changes are brought on...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a Gram-positive bacterium which poses a substantial threat to public health due to its high virulence and multi-drug resistance. Membrane vesicles (MVs) are naturally-derived nanoparticles which...

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress effector immune responses and have been implicated in promoting chronic viral infections. Their role during influenza infection and vaccination, however, is still unclear. Influenza is a major public health...

There are not enough donor lungs available to meet the increasing demand for lung transplantation. To compound the problem, transplant recipients have a projected survival time of only 5.7 years despite life-long immunosuppression. An alternative...

The current set of experiments was designed to test the hypothesis that there is a sex difference in impulsivity and in brain areas associated with impulse control in prepubertal and adult rats, such that females have greater inhibitory control...