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Appendix CStandard Library Header Files

The interface to the C++ Standard Library consists of 80 header files, 26 of which present the C standard library. It’s often difficult to remember which header files you need to include in your source code, so this material provides a brief description of the contents of each header, organized into eight categories:

The C Standard Library

Containers

Algorithms, iterators, and allocators

General utilities

Mathematical utilities

Exceptions

I/O Streams

Threading library

THE C STANDARD LIBRARY

The C++ Standard Library includes the entire C Standard Library. The header files are generally the same, except for two points:

The header names are <cname> instead of <name.h>.

All the names declared in the <cname> header files are in the std namespace.

NOTEFor backward compatibility, you can still include<name.h>if you want. However, that puts the names into the global namespace instead of thestdnamespace, and on top of that, the use of<name.h>has been deprecated. It is recommended to avoid this feature.

The following table provides a summary of the most useful functionality. Note that it’s recommended to avoid using C functionality, and instead use equivalent C++ features whenever possible.

HEADER FILE NAME

CONTENTS

<cassert>

assert() macro.

<ccomplex>

Utilities to work with complex numbers.

<cctype>

Character predicates and manipulation functions, such as isspace() and tolower().

<cerrno>

Defines errno expression, a ...

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