Died in 1819

Jan 2

Maria Luisa of Parma
Queen consort of Spain from 1788 to 1808 as the wife of King Charles IV of Spain.
She was the youngest daughter of Duke Philip of Parma and his wife, Louise-Élisabeth of France, the eldest daughter of King Louis XV

Jan 8

Valentin Vodnik
a Carniolan priest, journalist and poet of Slovene descent.
He was active in the late Enlightenment period

Jan 9

Catherine Pavlovna of Russia
the fourth daughter of Tsar Paul I of Russia and Princess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg.
She became the Queen of Württemberg upon her marriage to her first cousin Crown Prince William who eventually became King William I of Württemberg in 1816

Jan 12

André Morellet
a French economist writer and contributor to the Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers.
He was one of the last of the philosophes, and in this character he figures in many memoirs, such as those of Madame de Rémusat

Jan 15

Johann Jacob Roemer
a physician and professor of botany in Zurich, Switzerland.
He was also an entomologist

Jan 19

Elsa Beata Bunge
a Swedish, botanist, writer and noble.

Jan 20

Charles IV of Spain
King of Spain from 14 December 1788, until his abdication on 19 March 1808.

Jan 28

Jan Kiliński
one of the commanders of the Kościuszko Uprising.
A shoemaker by trade, he commanded the Warsaw Uprising of 1794, an uprising against the Russian garrison in Warsaw. He also became a member of Polish provisional government

Jan 28

Johann Karl Wezel
a German poet, novelist and philosopher of the Enlightenment.

Feb 5

Hannah Van Buren
the wife of the eighth United States President, Martin Van Buren.

Feb 7

August Wilhelm Hupel
a Baltic German publicist, estophile and linguist.

Feb 8

Sydenham Edwards
a natural history illustrator.

Feb 15

Fernando Serrano
a Neogranadine statesman, lawyer, and officer who became Governor of the Province of Pamplona and wrote its Constitution in 1815.
He also served as the last President of the United Provinces of the New Granada before its dissolution and complete Reconquista

Feb 16

Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes
a French painter.

Feb 16

Honoré IV Prince of Monaco
Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois from 12 March 1795 to 16 February 1819.
He was the son of Prince Honoré III by his wife, Maria Caterina Brignole, a Genoese noblewoman. After the fall of Napoleon I, he regained control of the principality thanks to a clause added by Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord at the Congress of Vienna stating that, "the Prince of Monaco should return to his estates", and passed on his titles to his eldest son, Honoré V, Prince of Monaco

Francisco Manoel de Nascimento
the reputed son of a Lisbon boat-owner.

Mar 8

Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge
a colonel in the Massachusetts militia during the American Revolutionary War, and was a commander at the Battle of Bunker Hill.
He was also a farmer, and he owned a rum still, a wood lot, a grazing meadow, and a mill, and came to be the wealthiest man in the town. Colonel Woodbridge was a member of the Massachusetts legislature for many years. Woodbridge was unmarried, and raised his nephew Theodore Strong, as his own son. Benjamin Ruggles Woodbridge died in 1819 at the age of 80. He is sometimes referred to as Ruggles Woodbridge or Benjamin Woodbridge

Mar 10

Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
an influential German philosopher, literary figure, socialite, and the younger brother of poet Johann Georg Jacobi.
He is notable for coining the term nihilism and promoting it as the prime fault of Enlightenment thought particularly in the philosophical systems of Baruch Spinoza, Immanuel Kant, Johann Fichte and Friedrich Schelling. Instead of speculative reason, he advocated Glaube and revelation. In this sense, Jacobi anticipated present-day writers who criticize secular philosophy as relativistic and dangerous for religious faith. In his time, he was also well-known among literary circles for his critique of the Sturm and Drang movement, and implicitly close associate Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and its visions of atomized individualism. His literary projects were devoted to the reconciliation of Enlightenment individualism with social obligation

Mar 11

Michel-Louis-Étienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'Angély
a French politician.

Mar 23

August von Kotzebue
a German dramatist and writer who also worked as a consul in Russia and Germany.

Apr 15

Oliver Evans
an American inventor, engineer and businessman.
A pioneer in the fields of automation, materials handling and steam power, Evans was one of the most prolific and influential inventors in the early years of the United States. He left behind a long series of accomplishments, from designing or building the first fully automated industrial process; high-pressure steam engine; and amphibious vehicle

May 2

Mary Moser
an English painter and one of the most celebrated women artists of 18th-century Britain.
One of only two female founding members of the Royal Academy , Moser is particularly noted for her depictions of flowers

May 8

Kamehameha I
also known as Kamehameha the Great, full Hawaiian name: Kalani Paiʻea Wohi o Kaleikini Kealiʻikui Kamehameha o ʻIolani i Kaiwikapu kauʻi Ka Liholiho Kūnuiākea, conquered the Hawaiian Islands formally establishing the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi in 1810 and founding the Kamehameha Dynasty.
By developing alliances with the major Pacific colonial powers, Kamehameha preserved Hawaiʻi's independence under his rule. Kamehameha is remembered for the Kānāwai Māmalahoe, the "Law of the Splintered Paddle", which protects human rights of non-combatants in times of battle

May 13

Prince David of Georgia
a Georgian royal prince , writer and scholar, was a regent of the Kingdom of Kartl-Kakheti, eastern Georgia, from December 28, 1800 to January 18, 1801.

May 24

Jan Hendrik van Kinsbergen
a Dutch naval officer.
Having had a good scientific education, Van Kinsbergen was a proponent of fleet modernization and wrote many books about naval organization, discipline and tactics

Jun 3

Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
a French personality of the Revolutionary period.
Though not one of the most well known figures of the French Revolution, Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne was an instrumental figure of the period known as the Reign of Terror. Billaud-Varenne climbed his way up the ladder of power during the period of The Terror, becoming a member of the Committee of Public Safety. He was recognized and worked with French Revolution figures Georges Danton and Maximilien Robespierre, and is often considered one of the key architects of the period known as The Terror. "No, we will not step backward, our zeal will only be smothered in the tomb; either the Revolution will triumph or we will all die."

Jun 5

Johann von Hiller
an Austrian general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
He held an important command during the 1809 campaign against France, playing a prominent role at the Battle of Aspern-Essling

Jun 5

Bodawpaya
the sixth king of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma.
Born Maung Shwe Waing and later Badon Min, he was the fourth son of Alaungpaya, founder of the dynasty and the Third Burmese Empire. He was proclaimed king after deposing his nephew Phaungkaza Maung Maung, son of his oldest brother Naungdawgyi, at Ava. Bodawpaya moved the royal capital back to Amarapura in 1782. He was titled Hsinbyumyashin , although he became known to posterity as Bodawpaya in relation to his successor, his grandson Bagyidaw , who in turn was given this name in relation to his nephew Mindon Min. He fathered 62 sons and 58 daughters by about 200 consorts

Jun 24

Osip Kozodavlev
a Russian statesman, politician and Minister of the Interior from March 31 of 1810 to June 24 of 1819.

Jul 1

Jemima Wilkinson
a charismatic American evangelist who preached total sexual abstinence and the Ten Commandments to their Quaker "Society of Universal Friends." Their family were strict Quakers, most of their views were from their upbringing in the Quaker religion.

Jul 5

William Cornwallis
a Royal Navy officer.
He was the brother of Charles Cornwallis, the 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British commander at the siege of Yorktown. Cornwallis took part in a number of decisive battles including the Siege of Louisbourg in 1758 and the Battle of the Saintes but is best known as a friend of Lord Nelson and as the commander-in-chief of the Channel Fleet during the Napoleonic Wars. He is depicted in the Horatio Hornblower novel, Hornblower and the Hotspur

Jul 6

Sophie Blanchard
a French aeronaut and the wife of ballooning pioneer Jean-Pierre Blanchard.
Blanchard was the first woman to work as a professional balloonist, and after her husband's death she continued ballooning, making more than 60 ascents. Known throughout Europe for her ballooning exploits, Blanchard entertained Napoleon Bonaparte, who promoted her to the role of "Aeronaut of the Official Festivals", replacing André-Jacques Garnerin. On the restoration of the monarchy in 1814 she performed for Louis XVIII, who named her "Official Aeronaut of the Restoration"

Jul 20

John Playfair
a Scottish scientist and mathematician, and a professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh.
He is perhaps best known for his book Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth , which summarised the work of James Hutton. It was through this book that Hutton's principle of uniformitarianism, later taken up by Charles Lyell, first reached a wide audience. Playfair's textbook Elements of Geometry made a brief expression of Euclid's parallel postulate known now as Playfair's axiom

Jul 22

Sebald Justinus Brugmans
a Dutch botanist and physician.
He was the son of naturalist Anton Brugmans

Aug 3

Simon Knéfacz
a Hungarian monk and Burgenland Croatian writer.

Aug 5

Antonio González de Balcarce
an Argentine military commander in the early 19th century.

Aug 14

Erik Acharius
known as the "father of lichenology".

Aug 23

Oliver Hazard Perry
an American naval commander.
Born in South Kingstown, Rhode Island, he was the son of USN Captain Christopher Raymond Perry and Sarah Wallace Alexander, and the older brother of Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, who compelled the opening of Japan

Aug 25

James Watt
a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.

Sep 7

Jean-Louis Duport
a cellist and composer.

Sep 12

Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall who led his army against Napoleon I at the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig in 1813 and the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
He was made an honorary citizen of Berlin, Hamburg and Rostock, and was nicknamed "German: Marschall Vorwärts" by the soldiers he commanded because of his aggressive approach in warfare

Sep 16

John Jeffries
a Boston physician, scientist, and a military surgeon with the British Army in Nova Scotia and New York during the American Revolution.
Born in Boston, Jeffries graduated from Harvard College and obtained his medical degree at the University of Aberdeen. He is best known for accompanying Jean-Pierre Blanchard on his 1785 balloon flight across the English Channel. Jeffries also played a large role in the trial for the Boston Massacre as a witness for the defense. He was the surgeon for Patrick Carr, who was one of the Americans shot during that incident

Sep 20

Abbé Faria
a Goan Catholic monk who was one of the pioneers of the scientific study of hypnotism, following on from the work of Franz Mesmer.
Unlike Mesmer, who claimed that hypnosis was mediated by "animal magnetism", Faria understood that it worked purely by the power of suggestion. In the early 19th century, Abbé Faria introduced oriental hypnosis to Paris

Sep 30

Nicolas Roze
a French composer and musicologist.

Oct 6

Johann von Klenau
a field marshal in the Habsburg army.
Klenau joined the Habsburg military as a teenager and fought in Austria's wars with the Ottoman Empire, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars, in which he commanded a corps in several important battles

Oct 6

Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802.
He abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I