AP Psychology Chapter 10 Intelligence

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Intelligence Test

a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores., a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

Mental Age

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance

Stanford-Binet

the widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test

Intelligence Quotient

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ = ma/ca × 100). On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.

Aptitude Tests

a test designed to predict a persons future performance; aptitude is capacity to learn

Achievement Tests

tests designed to assess what a person has learned

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.

Standardization

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group

Normal Curve

the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes

Reliability

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.

Content Validity

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks).

Stereotype Threat

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

Predictive Validity

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.

Intelligence

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Factor Analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score

General Intelligence (g)

a general intelligence factor that Spearman and others believed underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Savant Syndrome

a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.

Mental Retardation

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound

Down Syndrome

a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup

Creativity

the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Heritability

the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes