Integral to the Simulator, the instructor's Station
is placed behind the pilots. It consists of a workstation
incorporating a computer monitor, keyboard, mouse, intercom
and a console from which to introduce specific aircraft
system failures, generally of the following subsystems,
although tailored to the aircraft type where appropriate:

Microsoft's off the shelf Flight Simulator FS2002
(MSFS) or newer software versions as the simulation
software engine. This software is responsible for the
complete flight model, generation of all instrument
state data, display of selected instruments on the instrument
panel monitors and visual imagery generation and out
of the cockpit projection. Certain portions of MSFS
are customised to ensure seamless interface with the
flight deck. This allows the flexibility of configuring
a simulator for any aircraft available for (MSFS)

Custom written interface software to simulate generic
or type specific aircraft systems. This software operates
in parallel to the interface hardware and firmware through
which the flight deck communicates to the computer and
ultimately issues commands to drive MSFS. Any command
emanating from the cockpit or instructor's station through
either action of the crew or the instructor is first
processed by the interface hardware and software to
apply any relevant or active systems simulation parameters/conditions.
The results of this processing are then passed onto
the computer to execute the respective commands and
drive MSFS. At the same time the interface extracts
the necessary MSFS flight parameters and variable data
in real time to drive the cockpit feedback loop that
updates cockpit hardware indications like e.g. Avionics,
Autopilot Mode Display, Annunciators, Flap and Gear
indications.

c) Program and Simulator Configuration:
Setting of control response behaviour curves and sensitivities/damping
for yaw, roll and pitch and all other analog based inputs.
Sound support for:
i) Engine(s)
ii) Gear
iii) Flaps
iv) Navigation sounds
v) Master Warning
Selection of aircraft type from library of aircraft
available for MSFS The aircraft models are added individually
to the aircraft software library attached to the main
program.
Selection of different instrument configurations from
a library of instruments. It is thus possible to configure
an EFIS cockpit as well as a traditional analog instrumented
flight deck on the same FNPT

The design philosophy of the IPT2000 provides the required
flexibility for the building of all types of simulators,
ranging from single engine/single pilot aircraft simulators
through light twins, single and multicrew turboprops
and jets as well as helicopters. This is achieved by
introducing variations and/or simplifications to the
basic design that is currently represented by the prototype
Cessna Citation FNPT.

This section presents the minimum technical requirements
for FNPT I, FNPT II and FNPT II MCC as per FAR-STD 3A.030
together with the statement of compliance for IPT2000
systems which are designed to the technical requirements
laid down by STD 3A.030 FNPT II Type MCC.

For FNPT I
General regulatory description of Device:
A training device without motion system that in its
flight deck/cockpit layout generically replicates a
class of aircraft (e.g. all single engine land aircraft
up to 2000kg)

Technical Requirements and compliance:

1. Technical Requirement: A cockpit/flight deck sufficiently
enclosed to exclude distraction, which will replicate
that of the aeroplane or class of aeroplane simulated
and in which the switches and all the controls will
operate as, and represent those in, that aeroplane or
class of.
Statement of Compliance: A fully enclosed flight deck
for 2 crew members measuring 1600mm wide x 1834mm long
x 1650mm high at the entrance is provided. The flight
deck is laid out and functionally equipped as per the
aeroplane or class of aeroplane being simulated. Additionally,
it is provided with a suitable front windscreen for
viewing of the out of the cockpit scenery and dummy
side windows to exclude distraction. Access to the flight
deck is gained from the rear centre, behind the 2 crew
stations, through the instructor's station. For details
please refer to drawing number C4/0003/A.

2. Technical Requirement: Instruments, equipment, panels,
systems, primary and secondary flight controls sufficient
for the training events to be accomplished [shall]be
located in a spatially correct flight deck area.
Statement of Compliance: The flight deck layout and
instrument panel is designed to
replicate in spatially correct form and function, as
required for the intended training events outlined in
the operator's FNPT Training Manual, the instruments,
equipment, panels, systems, primary and secondary flight
controls of the aeroplane or class of aeroplane being
simulated.

3. Technical Requirement: Lighting environment for
panels and instruments sufficient for the operation
being conducted.
Statement of Compliance: The flight deck is equipped
with 2 overhead directionally adjustable map reading
lamps in addition to instrument panel mounted and dimmable
post lighting. The instructors station is equipped with
overhead spotlamps to provide suitable lighting at the
instructor's console without distracting the flight
crew.

4. Technical Requirement: In addition to the flight
crew members' stations, suitable viewing arrangements
for the instructor [shall be provided. These shall]
provide an adequate view of the crew members panels
and station.
Statement of Compliance: The instructor's station is
situated behind and to the side of the flightdeck with
a mobile chair that allows the instructor to also position
himself behind and between the flight crew for observation
and/or instruction purposes with unobstructed view of
the events unfolding in the flight deck. For details
please refer to drawing number C4/0003/A.

5. Technical Requirement: Effects of aerodynamic changes
for various combinations of drag and thrust normally
encountered in flight , including the effect of change
in aeroplane attitude, sideslip, altitude, temperature,
gross mass, centre of gravity location and configuration.
Full 6 degree of freedom simulation model is employed,
recreating aerodynamic effects attributable to combinations
of inflight drag and thrust, to include effects due
to changes in aircraft attitude, altitude, environmental
temperature, wind, turbulence, weight, loading and aircraft
configuration.
Statement of Compliance: 6 Degree of freedom software
simulation model is employed, recreating aerodynamic
effects attributable to combinations of inflight drag
and thrust, to include effects due to changes in aircraft
attitude, altitude, environmental temperature, wind,
turbulence, weight, loading and aircraft configuration.

6. Technical Requirement: Full complement and functionality
of navigation equipment with operational tolerances
equivalent to reality, including the simulation of air-to-ground
communication procedures.
Statement of Compliance: The flight deck is equipped
with a Communications Radio coupled to a 3 way intercom
system linking the flight crew to each other and via
the Push To Talk (PTT) buttons on the respective control
wheels to the instructor. Further navigation equipment
comprises 2 Navigation Radios with OBI and/or HSI indicators,
a Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) receiver, an Automatic
Direction Finding (ADF) Radio with RMI indicator and
a Mode C Transponder.

7. Technical Requirement: Control forces and control
travel shall broadly correspond to that of the replicated
aeroplane or class of aeroplane.
Statement of Compliance: Control travel corresponds
to that of the aircraft being simulated in all three
axes. Control forces correspond to the average control
force feel of the aircraft being simulated and are generated
through a mechanical system of springs and dampers where
required.

8. Technical Requirement: Complete navigational data
for at least 5 different European airports with corresponding
precision and non-precision approach procedures including
current updating within a period of 3 months. All navigational
aids should be useable, if within range, without restriction
and without instructor intervention
Statement of Compliance: Navigation database for South
Africa and generally the world with all navaids required
for navigation, precision and non-precision letdowns
is available. All navigation aids exhibit the same transmission
and reception characteristics (geographical location,
frequency, ICAO designator, morse code identification)
as the real facilities and are useable without the intervention
of the instructor being required. A regular update of
the database is not provided at this time, due to relatively
few changes taking place to the navigation aid equipment
in the Southern African region.

10. Technical Requirement: The following shall be available
- variable effects of wind and turbulence
- hard copy of map and approach plot
- provision for position freeze and flight freeze
- Instructor controls necessary to perform the training
task
Statement of Compliance:
- Meteorological simulation in terms of variable cloud,
wind, turbulence, visibility, temperature and atmospheric
pressure is provided
- Colour printable output of approach flight path, including
navigation aids from the instructor's station printer
is provided
- Both the the flight deck and the instructor's station
are equipped with a pause/freeze and unpause/unfreeze
button.
- The instructor's station is equipped with a console
containing the required controls and switches to perform
the training task, e.g. the introduction of aircraft
system failures. Additionally it is equipped with a
computer, keyboard, mouse, and monitor to manage the
training session.

11. Technical Requirement: A Qualification Test Guide
which shall be submitted by the Operator in a form and
manner that is acceptable to the competent Authority
and which conforms to AMC STD 3A.030 (para 1.6).
Statement of Compliance: A suitable Qualification Test
Guide shall be provided under separate cover.

12. Technical Requirement: Stall recognition device
corresponding to that of the replicated aeroplane or
class of aeroplane
Statement of Compliance: A stall warning system, representative
of that found in the aircraft or class of aircraft being
simulated is provided. Aural and/or visual stall and
overspeed warning can be configured.

FNPT II
General regulatory description of Device:
A training device without motion system that in its
flight deck/cockpit layout replicates the cockpit of
a multi-engined class or type of aircraft with the aircraft
systems realistically represented. It includes a visual
system providing an out of the cockpit view.

Technical Requirements Compliance:
As for the FNPT I with the following additional compliance:

1. Technical Requirement: The flight deck, including
the instructor's station, shall be enclosed.
Statement of Compliance: A fully enclosed flight deck
for 2 crew members measuring 1600mm wide x 1834mm long
x 1560mm high at the entrance is provided. The flight
deck is laid out and functionally equipped as per the
aeroplane or class of aeroplane being simulated. Additionally,
it is provided with a suitable front windscreen for
viewing of the out of the cockpit scenery and dummy
side windows to exclude distraction. Access to the flight
deck is gained from the rear centre, behind the 2 crew
stations, through the instructor's station. For details
please refer to drawing number C4/0003/A

2. Technical Requirement: Circuit breakers shall function
accurately when involved in procedures or malfunctions
requiring or involving flight crew response.
Statement of Compliance: Circuit breaker panels accurately
replicating the circuit breaker panels found in the
aeroplane or class of aeroplane being simulated are
provided on the flight deck. The circuit breakers are
integrated into the functionality of the aircraft systems
being simulated in as far as they can be used by the
crew to isolate an aircraft system if procedures or
malfunctions requiring or involving flight crew response
require such action.

3. Technical Requirement: Crew members seats shall
be provided with sufficient adjustment to allow the
occupant to achieve the design eye reference position
appropriate to the aeroplane or class of aeroplane and
for the visual system to be installed to align with
that eye position.
Statement of Compliance: Fully adjustable crew seats,
i.t.o for and aft, up and down tilt and seatback with
armrests, to allow the setting of the eye reference
position of the crew members so that the full realistic
effect of the visual system is utilised.

4. Technical Requirement: A generic ground handling
model shall be provided to enable representative flare
and touch down effects to be produced by the sound and
visual systems.
Statement of Compliance: The 6 degree of freedom software
simulation model caters for handling simulation on the
ground and in ground proximity to replicate the effects
during the landing flare and touchdown through the visual
and sound system.

5. Technical Requirement: Systems [shall] be operative
to the extent that it shall be possible to perform all
normal, abnormal and emergency operations as may be
appropriate to the aeroplane or class of aeroplane being
simulated and as required for the training. Once activated,
proper systems operation must result from system management
by the crew member and not require any further input
from the instructor's controls.
Statement of Compliance: Simulation of normal, abnormal
and emergency situations, as required by the aircraft
type or class and the intended training curriculum are
provided. Functioning of the respective system is achieved
through system control on the part of the flight crew.
No inputs from the instructor's station, other than
those to introduce abnormalities or emergencies, are
required to this end. For further system related detail
information on a specific FNPT, please refer to the
relevant FNPT Operating Handbook.

6. Technical Requirement: The instructor's station
shall include the following controls:
(a) representative crosswinds
(b) a facility to enable the dynamic plotting of the
flight path on approaches, commencing at the final approach
fix, including the vertical profile.
Statement of Compliance:
(a) Through the meteorological simulation model, representative
winds in any direction can be introduced to the training
session from the instructor's station.
(b) The instructor's station monitor screen can be configured
to display the colour dynamic plotting of the flight
path including the vertical profile, also on approaches
commencing at the final approach fix. These plot can
then be output to hardcopy format through the colour
printer provided.

7. Technical Requirement: Control forces and control
travels which respond in the same manner under the same
flight conditions as in the aeroplane or class of aeroplane
being simulated.
Statement of Compliance: Control travel corresponds
to that of the aircraft being simulated in all three
axes. Control forces correspond to the average control
force feel of the aircraft being simulated and are generated
through a mechanical system of springs and dampers where
required. Control response is fine-tuned in software
to respond in the same manner as the aeroplane or class
of aeroplane being simulated.

8. Technical Requirement: Aerodynamic modelling shall
reflect:
(a) effects of airframe icing
(b) the rolling moment due to yawing
Statement of Compliance:
(a) Through the meteorological simulation model, icing
conditions with their resoective effects can be introduced
to the training session from the instructor's station.
(b) The 6 degree of freedom software simulation model
caters for the rolling moment due to yawing.

9. Technical Requirement: Significant cockpit/flight
deck sounds, responding to pilot actions, corresponding
to the aeroplane or class of aeroplane being simulated
Statement of Compliance: Realistic stereo engine, cockpit
and navigation sounds as well as appropriate flight
deck sounds are provided through a suitable speaker
system installed on the flight deck.

10. Technical Requirement: A visual system (night/dusk
or day) capable of providing a field-of-view of a minimum
of 45 degrees horizontally and 30 degrees vertically,
unless restricted by the type of aeroplane, simultaneously
for each pilot, including adjustable cloud base and
visibility. The visual system need not be collimated
but shall be capable of meeting the standards laid down
in Part 3 and 4 (Validation, Functions and Subjective
Tests - see AMC STD 3A.030). The responses of the visual
system and the flight deck instruments to control inputs
shall be closely coupled to provide the integration
of the necessary cues.
Statement of Compliance: Projected visual system with
the following characteristics is provided:
Day, dusk and night visuals
Simultaneous horizontal field-of-view in excess of 45
and 30 vertical field of view to each crew member -
please refer drawing number C4/0003/A.
Through the meteorological simulation model adjustable
cloud base and visibility can be controlled from the
instructor's station.
The visual model presented by the projection system
in front of the flightdeck, and viewed by the crew through
the font windscreen, is driven by the same computing
power and simulation model as the flight deck instrument
indications. This means that the closest possible level
of coupling between the visual system and flight deck
instruments and indications is assured to be able to
provide the required integration of the necessary cues.

FNPT II MCC:
Technical Requirements Compliance:
For use in Multi-Crew Co-operation (MCC) training -
as for the FNPT II with the following additions or amendments:

1. Technical Requirement: Turbo-jet or turbo-prop engines.
Statement of Compliance: According to the replicated
aeroplane or class of aeroplane piston, turbo-prop or
turbo-jet engines can be simulated. For details of a
specific FNPT, please refer to the aircraft type as
per the FNPT Operating Handbook.

2. Technical Requirement: Performance reserves, in
case of an engine failure, to be in accordance with
JAR-25. These may be simulated by a reduction in the
aeroplane gross mass.
Statement of Compliance: Flight performance model fine-tuned
in software to provide power reserves representative
of the replicated aeroplane or class of aeroplane in
case of an engine failure.

9. Technical Requirement: 2 VHF Transceivers including
oxygen masks intercom system.
Statement of Compliance: 1 VHF Transceiver interfaced
to the intercom system is installed. Where the replicated
aeroplane or class of aeroplane is equipped with a supplemental
oxygen supply system, this is taken into consideration