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International Journal of Advanced Research in Management (IJARM), ISSN 0976 – 6324(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6332 (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January- June (2012)becoming equivalently protecting it as an asset called intellectual asset and as a duty to beconsidered key to achieving breakthrough competitive advantage. But what is knowledge?Knowledge starts as data—raw facts and numbers— for example, the market value of aninstitution’s endowment. Information is data put into context—in the same example, theendowment per student at a particular institution. Information is readily converted andcaptured in documents or in databases or any other relevant form may be in digital called e-format or printed; even large amounts are fairly easy to retrieve with modern informationtechnology systems .Before acting on information, however, we need to take one more stepto utilize in useful manner. Only when information is combined with experience andjudgment does it. Then it becomes knowledge. Knowledge can be highly subjective andhard to codify since certain information can be practiced but cannot be narrated, because, itincludes the insight and wisdom of employees involved in the operation. It may be sharedor transformed through email “best practices” memos or even sticky notes on a cubicle wallin a corporate environment. And once we have knowledge, we can put it to work and applyit to decision making or in any relevant purpose.As per Knowledge management concepts knowledge can be classified into two broadspectrums as Explicit and Implicit Where explicit knowledge can be easily documented andhandled according to the need of the user and can also be shared or expressed in formalmethod in use and language in practice. In an education environment, knowledge orresearch, formulas, rules and regulations, other practices considered as best. Explicitknowledge can be easily communicated, packed, transferred and even codified. But implicitknowledge is knowledge represents the know-how and information embedded within theminds of expert in the think tank. According to the experience, people differ in theirperception, insights, craftsmanship they are using, skill they have tested and practiced,beliefs and value system they have long followed, ideas, and innovative thinking. Whichmay in different format such as Personal information, concept specific, information whichare not expressible but enjoyable, and not easily communicable and transferable but can beapplied? In higher education also it requires the road map of both explicit and implicitknowledge as in other organizations.How does knowledge work in Higher Education?Knowledge originates in individuals, but it is embodied in teams and organizations ineducational sector also. Examples of explicit knowledge in educational sector areeducational strategies, teaching methodologies, teaching and learning processes, innovationpatents, teaching and learning products, and relevant services. Examples of Implicitknowledge in an educational sector context are skills and competencies, experiences,relationships within and outside the educational environment where teaching and learningcomponents are in practice.Knowledge also is embedded in work processes people involved and technology, and itexists in all core functions of any educational organization as well as in its systems andinfrastructure. Effective knowledge management programs identify and leverage the know-how embedded in teaching and learning process, with a focus on how it will be applied foreffectiveness. The challenge in knowledge management is to make the right knowledge 21

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Management (IJARM), ISSN 0976 – 6324(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6332 (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January- June (2012)available to the right people at the right time where higher educational environment is notan exception.Trends in Knowledge Management PracticesSeveral trends will shape the educational field of knowledge management is not far awaybut in near future • Applications of knowledge management to enhance innovation and development in Higher Education • Convergence of knowledge management with R&D oriented Higher Educational System • Emerging technology solutions in the entire teaching learning process • Implementation of implicit knowledge (rather than explicit knowledge) in Higher Educational System as much as possible • Movement from conventional teaching and learning process to knowledge management Oriented Higher Education systemTechnology Solutions for Higher EducationMost KM applications have migrated to intranet-friendly, Web-based platforms in HigherEducational Environment particularly at university level maximum if possible even collegelevel at minimal. Due to technological growth, presently available solutions for search andretrieval, e-mail, collaboration, and so forth are much better today than earlier. As a singleapplication for knowledge management in higher education system will be the portal—agateway to applications that integrate collaborative tools, business intelligence, videolectures, e-learning materials, administrative information and unstructured text searchcapabilities, institutional marketing, creating brand identity, building community withprospective students and parents, becoming the gateway for finding information aboutuniversity resources and programs, and providing a rich information environment fordecision making. Portals started as a way to organize a variety of Web-based informationsources on one desktop interface: a search tool, news feeds, links to favorite Web sites,content organized by topic, and so forth. University portals do the same thing, allowingusers to customize their desktops to show information from a variety of sources within theuniversity. The portal serves multiple functions for multiple users with one tool. Based onthe need, the same portal can provide supports the vision of a new intercampuscollaborative for teaching and learning with technology. That vision calls for uniting thecollective interests and goals of the campuses in the system in nurturing excellence in theuse of technology for teaching and learning.The portal will improve the efficiency of knowledge exchange and deliver a set of sharedHigher Educational objectives that include communications around best practices, agateway to research on the use of teaching and learning through technology, Managementdevelopment, faculty development, policy development, even Community Developmentand review & resource development. The portal provides the faculty members at theindividual campuses with efficient, direct links to current knowledge about teaching andlearning through technology among the campuses of the university system, nationally, and 22

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Management (IJARM), ISSN 0976 – 6324(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6332 (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January- June (2012)internationally to share expert knowledge irrespective of the time and distance. With help ofthis portal knowledge provided by an expert can be shared by a learning mind at ruralirrespective of the geography or demography and may fulfill the dream of any governmentalso become true that provides policy and support to education should be in such a way as“education for all’ can be changed as “Knowledge for All” as a justice and equity. BeingPortals as the technology tool of choice for knowledge, to create, deposited, share andtransform are now being applied to support KM (and vice versa), where both Concept areabout creating conversations, sharing knowledge, and building communities. Knowledgemanagement has been about breaking down barriers within the Higher Education System asin organization in business where the learning community and teaching community are thecustomers.As knowledge management grows as a corporate discipline, higher educational institutionswill get gravitate toward a more holistic approach to KM. Research shows that althoughmany business organization have begun to develop some sort of knowledge managementcapability, very few Educational institutions have implemented knowledge managementprograms on an introductory level. This study provides strategies which are successfullyimplemented as Knowledge Management Practices in business organizations which arerelevant to Higher Education Systems.Based on the practices in organization, implementing KM as a strategy in highereducational institution should be Learning centric than technology centric. Those learningcentric initiatives can yield the best results as knowledge sharing can be made available atany where, at any time, to any body at effective cost, in effective manner. Any knowledgemanagement program should focus on creating repositories for storing and diffusing bestpractices, focusing on operational excellence and cost reduction which may hold good foreducational product delivery. Though organization’s primary objective is profit making orat least payback from these efforts, the real payoff may lie in applying knowledgemanagement to spur innovation, which is a hidden agenda of higher Education at Universitylevel not in the name Return on Investment but Service to the nation or technically solutionbut politically economy. For the betterment of growth in higher education the appliedknowledge management should good enough to encourage innovation in its R&D andproduct development functions at as all level of education. The University uses knowledgemanagement practices for higher education which enable to make sense of emerging markettrends, learners’ requirements and quickly puts that knowledge into action in the productdevelopment according to the trends, with help of industry expectation along with to thesocio and economical changes.Advances in Working with Tacit KnowledgeIn business organization, protecting implicit knowledge is very crucial one, where as ineducational system being a service in certain aspects, protecting implicit knowledge is notconsidered as a product secret but purely knowledge sharing for innovation anddevelopment. Even that can be protected with help of patent and copyright along withstatutory legal system where in many countries it has been enacted in the name intellectualproperty rights and protect by a special law. So the though implicit knowledge is littleportable it need not be treated as a competitive advantage. The ability to manage tacit 23

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Management (IJARM), ISSN 0976 – 6324(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6332 (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January- June (2012)knowledge as much as possible and as early as possible, on the other hand, promises todeliver huge returns or services for Universities that learn to use it effectively, to eradicateilliteracy which is a sin. And also in the fast growing techno society, the mantra “Get readyto be updated or else you will be outdated”, becomes true.Applying KM in Higher EducationLike business organizations updation become inevitable in higher education in the fastgrowing society to meet out the global competition. So it becomes vital and essential to useknowledge management techniques and technologies in higher education at the earliest. IfKnowledge management implementation done effectively, it can provide a great service tothis nation in the aspects of affordable education, enrichment of knowledge, the bestdecision making abilities, competing curriculum updation at global level, continuousresearch and development, effective administrative and academic services, effectiveutilization of human resources through knowledge sharing, uniform standard of delivery,even knowledge sharing, multiple group research contribution, the best report submission,opportunity to innovative minds, recognition to creative personalities, better chances toparticipants to contribute, collective decision making, greater flexibility in preparation, tomeet out the current and future challenges in higher education implementations.While implementing knowledge management in College or University level, it always abest practice to implement it as an institution wide approach to knowledge management canlead to exponential improvements in sharing knowledge—both explicit and tacit— whichleads to wide benefits. For the Benefit of Higher Education Institutions crucial Key areasfor application of Knowledge Management at higher educational institutions, which hasbeen tested and proven in business sectors can be summarized in the following heads viz.,any number of university processes and services: the research process in higher educationaccording to the industry expectations, curriculum development process with industryinterfacing , student and alumni services for the followers knowledge enhancement,administrative services and supports with effective accessibility and delivery of informationwith content, and strategic planning for continuous updation as per the global changes andchallenges. To attain the maximum benefits in every key areas Knowledge Managementimplementation should be focused in the aspects of knowledge repository and knowledgeportals than other areas.Research process in higher education according to the industry expectations:Benefits: Knowledge management implementation in the area of Research andDevelopment in Higher Education can increase competitiveness and responsiveness in theaspects of research grants, Consultancy, Field contracts, and even commercial opportunitiesto support industry specific. Also these attitudes in research environment will increase timemanagement for research aspects and decrease devotion of research resources in the aspectsof administration. To encourage and offer, necessary facilities for interdisciplinary research,which continuous a chain of accessibility in existing research areas. Also, can accelerate,effectives both internal and external research areas at effect costs. 24

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Management (IJARM), ISSN 0976 – 6324(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6332 (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January- June (2012)Applications: To attain the above benefits knowledge Management in the area of researchand development Knowledge Management Application should possess a repository of areasof those Research interests within an institution or at affiliated institutions under thatleadership. Also it should maintain repositories which can offer Research results andfunding organizations with easy search capabilities to facilitate interdisciplinaryopportunities, which reach the ultimate result as commercial opportunities for researchresults as per the need of industry expectations.Every Higher Educational Institution inclined towards Knowledge management shouldhave a knowledge portal, which is specific for research administration procedures and bestpractices related to: opportunities for funding, details for proposals, budgets, and protocolsto be followed as per the statutory norms and institution norms. Details where, when andhow about proposals and eligible notifications for award, accounts along with policy andprocedures. Also portal should provide templates for Technical and financial report withpolicies and procedures to maintain time frame. Also it should keep details to accessavailability of internal services, resources, and staff.Curriculum development process with industry interfacing, electivesBenefits: Knowledge management implementation in the area of Curriculum developmentprocess with industry interfacing, electives can be DEVELOPED with help of qualityprograms by identifying and leveraging best practices and continuous monitoring of theoutcomes. Socio – technical aspects of curriculum revision and updating with periodicalinterval, well updated faculty development efforts, especially for new faculty will be theoutcome. These areas can provide effective administrative services related to teaching andlearning with technology, where learner centric is the key area to be assessed. Continuousmonitoring and lessons learnt from experience with fellow knowledge workers andstakeholders provides higher and effective inputs for better progress and process. Alsoprovide opportunity to design and develop interdisciplinary beyond departmentalboundaries.Applications: To attain the above benefits knowledge Management in the area ofCurriculum development process Knowledge Management Application should possess arepository of areas of that contributes curriculum revision efforts that includes researchconducted, effectiveness measures, best practices, lessons learned, and so forth, whichcovers the content modularized and arranged to facilitate interdisciplinary curriculumdesign and development.Any repository at higher education should maintain pedagogy and assessment techniques,including best practices in use and updated, outcomes tracking for critical areas, facultydevelopment opportunities with proper interval, and research in progress and present andalso should provide accessibility and tools to analyze student evaluations to be updated eachsemester for lessons learned and best practices for all faculty on role. To attain industryinstitution interfacing without gap, the repository should serve as a bridge for corporaterelationships to identify curriculum design advisory task forces, guest speakers, adjuncts,case study sites, and so forth according to the industry expectations. 25

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Management (IJARM), ISSN 0976 – 6324(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6332 (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January- June (2012)Every Higher Educational Institution inclined towards Knowledge management shouldhave a knowledge portal, which is specific for Curriculum development process shouldposses a portal of information related to teaching and learning with technological know-how, including management development and faculty development opportunities, outcomestracking with appropriate feedback yardstick, , lessons learned, best practices in use,technology overviews for updation, and if any more with so forth. Portal should act as aHub for information in each disciplinary area, including updated materials in every possibleformat, recent publications with complete data if required encryption facility, applicableresearch and key areas details, and so forth. Also the Portal for new faculty with supervisorsand guidelines for developing curriculum, working with senior faculty to share their expertknowledge, establishing effective teaching styles with or without technology, advising do’sand don’ts along with counseling, supervising PhD students with ethics, and so forth.Student and alumni services for the follower’s knowledge enhancement and PlacementBenefits : Knowledge management implementation in the area of Student and alumniservices for knowledge enhancement and Placement can be developed to provide perfectservices for students, ability and capability to provide the services with commitment to bothlearning and teaching community, also for alumni. This may provide efficient way ofservices in the aspects of counseling for all the stakeholders.Applications: To attain the above benefits knowledge Management in the area of Studentand alumni services for knowledge enhancement and placement services KnowledgeManagement Application should possess a repository of student affairs services for facultyto ensure all following institution under their umbrella to provide appropriate information tothe allowed user.Every Higher Educational Institution inclined towards Knowledge management shouldhave a knowledge portal, which is specific for Student and alumni services for knowledgeenhancement and placement services should posses a portal for both students and faculty atthe institution so that they are well informed to advise students in the aspects of policies andprocedures related to admissions, financial aid, registration, degree audit, billing, paymentprocess, advising and tutoring, housing, dining, and other services if required. This portalcould be with facility for personalization to individual schools or student groups tocustomize service offerings. Also it should provide support for career placement services toprovide a one-stop service center for students, but also for faculty and staff to ensure theyare informed. This portal helps for continuous updation with student affairs and providesinformation and accessibility to alumni and development services to minimize redundantefforts; capture contact reports; and link to research, curriculum, and career developmentefforts, through alumni students.Administrative services and supports with effective accessibility and delivery ofinformation with contentBenefits: Knowledge management implementation in the area of Administrative andSupport Services can provide benefits such as efficient and effective administrative servicesand ability to identify those improved efforts for decentralization. It may provide higherbenefit in scrutinizing vendors, policies, budgeting with guidelines as its responsiveness andcommunication capability 26

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Management (IJARM), ISSN 0976 – 6324(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6332 (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January- June (2012)Applications: Every Higher Educational Institution inclined towards Knowledgemanagement should have a knowledge portal, which is specific for Administrative andSupport Services, such as financial services, procurement, and human resources, whichcovers FAQs, best practices in use, procedures, templates and communities of interest toshare information and serve as impetus for improvement efforts.Strategic planning for continuous updation as per the global changes and challengesBenefits: Knowledge management implementation in the area of Strategic planning forcontinuous updation can be developed to provide improved ability to support the trendtoward decentralized strategic planning and decision making with Better information whichleads to better decisions. Also supports improved knowledge sharing of internal andexternal information to minimize redundant efforts. Also offers ability to develop up-to-dateand market-focused strategic plans, Shared knowledge from a variety of constituents tobegin to create a “learning organization”.Applications: Every Higher Educational Institution inclined towards Knowledgemanagement should have a knowledge portal, which is specific for Office of KnowledgeManagement, emerging from the previous Office of Institutional Research and a Portal forinternal information that catalogs the strategic plans, reports developed for externalaudiences, clear data definitions, presentations by executives, and so forth.This portal should accommodate information for external, including benchmark studies,environmental scans, competitor data, links to research groups, higher education researchgroups and publications, presentations by executives, and so forth. This portals shouldprovide facilities for Monthly “market watch” developed in tandem with Admissions,Continuing Education, Alumni and Development, and others that document key trends andpotential implications.To attain the above benefits knowledge Management in the area of Strategic planningfor continuous updation Knowledge Management Application should possess arepository of data related to accountability and outcomes tracking by monitoringassessments, performance indicators, benchmarking, and so forth if any other relevant areasrequired as essential.Possibilities of Implementing Knowledge management in higher educationCulture is the primary key area in Higher education where Knowledge Managementimplementation can identify for relevance to implement in the aspects of readiness.Particularly in the aspects of the beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors that are unique to anInstitution. Present scenario in Educational System is student Centric as customer centric inbusiness organization. So, the phenomena has changed in Higher education system, fromthe state of “What we can provide to our learning community” to “ What the industryexpects from us and what the student feels as his area of interest” become the primaryimportance. And also instead of traditional class room learning to any where learningbecome the “mantra” of today’s learning community where the knowledge managementimplementation can get great welcome in the view of all the stakeholders. This isinterpretation of the word “Culture” meant the word and it is developing a culture that isready to embrace knowledge management as concern to implement. 27

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Management (IJARM), ISSN 0976 – 6324(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6332 (Online), Volume 3, Issue 1, January- June (2012)As Higher Educational institutions launch knowledge management initiatives, they canlearn lessons from their counterparts in the corporate sector who got success aftersuccessful implementation of Knowledge Management.Essential Factors to be Considered before Implementation• Prepare a Road Map: Any institution should sketch a road map which should be first step to be completed the moment higher educational institutions decided to go with Knowledge Management strategies.• Allocate and align Appropriate resources effectively: Identify and chart out required human resources, financial allocations and measurement to attain success, and Technological support required which needs for knowledge management implementation.• Monitor technical progress and Measure the feedback in the aspects of economy involved, cost effectiveness, user satisfaction, and market penetration.• Identify people with interest and involvement having potential knowledge about the outcome.• Engage Pilot study and encourage identified people for implementation• Keep ready a well defined and detailed action plan for the pilot that defines the process at every level along with people who understood the rewards and awards, and technology proposed of the pilot project team.CONCLUSIONHigher Education has significant opportunities to apply knowledge management practicesto support every part of their mission, from education to learning society to research anddevelopment. The Implementation of knowledge management practices wisely is a lessonthat the colleges and universities are learning all over again. This study concludes that thereal success of Knowledge management implementation, if supporting, developing andnurturing new leaders in education were largely neglected until recently so too was thequestion of sustainability. It still is, yet sustainability is essential if a universities oreducation system is to continuously regenerate itself by the intelligent use of knowledgemanagement. Knowledge Management about applying on the higher education, which astrategy to focus, on the KM is a key to integrate knowledge and skills into educationsystem in universities.REFERENCES 1. Afrazeh, A (2005). Knowledge management. Amir Kabir University Publications. 2. B. Hackett, Beyond Knowledge Management: New Ways to Work (New York: The Conference Board, March 2000). 3. Crocetti, C. Corporate learning: A KM perspective The Internet and Higher Education Volume: 4, Issue: 3-4, 2001. pp. 271-285. 4. Foray, D. (1998), “How to measure the learning economy: an analytical framework”, report prepared for the CERI-OECD project on the production, mediation and use of knowledge, Paris. 28