For acute respiratory acidosis or alkalosis, how much does the pH change for every 10mm change of PCO2?

What is the Winter’s formula?

For stable chronic respiratory acidosis, for every 10 mm increase in PCO2, how much should the pH decrease by?

For each of the following cases, please analyze the acid-base status (i.e. anion gap metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, non-AG metabolic acidosis with respiratory acidosis, etc…) for further discussion in the workshop.

1) A 25 year old woman is found at home c/o thirst, shortness of breath, and spasms of her arms and legs.

3) A 56 yo female with a past medical history of heroin use (on methadone maintenance therapy) and chronic ETOH use presents with chest pain, shortness of breath, body aches, as well as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

8) A 55 y/o M with history of asthma but non-compliant with all medications and follow up presented to the ED with asthma exacerbation over the past few days. He appears to be SOB, able to speak to you & complete his sentences. + mild accessory muscle usage, mild wheezing

VS: BP 150/90, P = 115/min, R = 30/min, T = 98 , RA O2 sat 87%

ABG: 7.22 / 85 / 55

143 102 25 99

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3.8 36 1.3

9) A 70 y/o M with h/o COPD presented with 2 days of vomiting and weakness.