This information sheet is provided to assist you and your child in recognizing the signs and symptoms of a concussion. Every athlete is different and responds to a brain injury differently, so seek medical attention if you suspect your child has a concus- sion. Once a concussion occurs, it is very important your athlete return to normal activities slowly, so he/she does not do more damage to his/her brain.

What is a Concussion?

A concussion is an injury to the brain that may be caused by a blow, bump, or jolt to the head. Concussions may also happen after a fall or hit that jars the brain. A blow elsewhere on the body can cause a concussion even if an athlete does not hit his/her head directly. Concussions can range from mild to severe, and athletes can get a concussion even if they are wearing a helmet.

Signs and Symptoms of a Concussion

Athletes do not have to be “knocked out” to have a concussion. In fact, less than 1 out of 10 concussions result in loss of consciousness. Concussion symptoms can develop right away or up to 48 hours after the injury. Ignoring any signs or symptoms of a concussion puts your child’s health at risk!

Signs Observed by Parents of Guardians

?? Appears dazed or stunned.

?? Is confused about assignment or position.

?? Forgets plays.

?? Is unsure of game, score or opponent.

?? Moves clumsily.

?? Answers questions slowly.

?? Loses consciousness (even briefly).

?? Shows behavior or personality changes (irritability,

sadness, nervousness, feeling more emotional).

?? Can’t recall events before or after hit or fall.

Symptoms Reported by Athlete

?? Any headache or “pressure” in head. (How badly it hurts

does not matter.)

?? Nausea or vomiting.

?? Balance problems or dizziness.

?? Double or blurry vision.

?? Sensitivity to light and/or noise

?? Feeling sluggish, hazy, foggy or groggy.

?? Concentration or memory problems.

?? Confusion.

?? Does not “feel right.”

?? Trouble falling asleep.

?? Sleeping more or less than usual.

Be Honest

Encourage your athlete to be honest with you, his/her coach and your health care provider about his/her symptoms. Many young athletes get caught up in the moment and/or feel pressured to return to sports before they are ready. It is better to miss one game than the entire season... or risk permanent damage!

Seek Medical Attention Right Away

Seeking medical attention is an important first step if you suspect or are told your child has a concussion. A qualified health care professional will be able to determine how serious the concussion is and when it is safe for your child to return to sports and other daily activities.

?? No athlete should return to activity on the same day he/she gets a concussion.

?? Athletes should NEVER return to practices/games if they still have ANY symptoms.

?? Parents and coaches should never pressure any athlete to return to play.

The Dangers of Returning Too Soon

Returning to play too early may cause Second Impact Syndrome (SIS) or Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS). SIS occurs when a second blow to the head happens before an athlete has completely recovered from a concussion. This second impact causes the brain to swell, possibly resulting in brain damage, paralysis, and even death. PCS can occur after a second impact. PCS can result in permanent, long-term concussion symptoms. The risk of SIS and PCS is the reason why no athlete should be allowed to participate in any physical activity before they are cleared by a qualified health care professional.

Recovery

A concussion can affect school, work, and sports. Along with coaches and teachers, the school nurse, athletic trainer, employer, and other school administrators should be aware of the athlete’s injury and their roles in helping the child recover.

During the recovery time after a concussion, physical and mental rest are required. A concussion upsets the way the brain normally works and causes it to work longer and harder to complete even simple tasks. Activities that require concentration and focus may make symptoms worse and cause the brain to heal slower. Studies show that children’s brains take several weeks to heal following a concussion.

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Returning to Daily Activities

Be sure your child gets plenty of rest and enough sleep at night – no late nights. Keep the same bedtime weekdays and weekends.

Be sure your child takes multiple breaks during study time and watch for worsening of symptoms.

If your child is still having concussion symptoms, he/ she may need extra help with school-­-related activities. As the symptoms decrease during recovery, the extra help or supports can be removed gradually.

Resources

ODH Violence and Injury Prevention Program

www.healthyohioprogram.org/vipp/injury.aspx

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

www.cdc.gov/Concussion

National Federation of State High School Associations

www.nfhs.org

Brain Injury Association of America

www.biausa.org/

Returning to Play

1. Returning to play is specific for each person, depending on the sport. Starting 4/26/13, Ohio law requires written permission from a health care provider before an athlete can return to play. Follow instructions and guidance provided by ahealthcareprofessional. Itisimportantthatyou,yourchild and your child’s coach follow these instructions carefully.

2. Your child should NEVER return to play if he/she still has ANY symptoms. (Be sure that your child does not have any symptoms at rest and while doing any physical activity and/or activities that require a lot of thinking or concentration).

3. Be sure that the athletic trainer, coach and physical education teacher are aware of your child’s injury and symptoms.

4. Your athlete should complete a step-by-step exercise -based progression, under the direction of a qualified healthcare professional.

5. A sample activity progression is listed below. Generally, each step should take no less than 24 hours so that your child’s full recovery would take about one week once they have no symptoms at rest and with moderate exercise.*