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High Ambient Temperatures and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crashes in Catalonia, Spain (2000–2011): A Time-Series Analysis

Table 3. Association between temperature and daily number of motor vehicle crashes.

Weather variable

All crashes

Crashes with driver performance–associated factorsa

Percent differenceb (95% CI)

p-Value

Percent differenceb (95% CI)

p-Value

aCrashes that included among the list of concurrent factors at least one of the following: “distraction,” “driver error,” or “disease, fatigue, or sleepiness.” bPercent difference in risk of crashes (with 95% confidence intervals) obtained from a meta-analysis of climatic zone-specific results. Models were adjusted for precipitation, day of the week, holidays, days at the beginning or end of a holiday period, and a strata variable uniquely identifying all combinations of year and month. Models for crashes with driver performance–associated factors were further adjusted for the daily number of motor vehicle crashes with factors unrelated to driver performance. cHeat waves were defined as ≥ 2 consecutive days with maximum temperature exceeding the weather station–specific historic 95th percentile. dHeat waves were defined as ≥ 2 consecutive days with minimum temperature exceeding the weather station–specific historic 95th percentile.