…The creation at the UN of the Warsaw International Mechanism in 2014 was an outright recognition of climate change hitting the most vulnerable people and ecosystems. But the mechanism needs to be extended beyond its 2016 lifespan, which according to the report, must be addressed in Paris. Poor nations need new knowledge and skills, finance and material resources to deal with the new challenges of sea level rise, glacial melt and oceans turning acidic.

The report provides practical steps to negotiators on not only reducing the devastating incidents of loss and damage but how an agreement should anchor it into a deal in Paris. Governments must adopt a bold way forward under the new framework, the report says.