This is focus fiscal period of the document report. For a first quarter 2006 quarterly report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, the first fiscal quarter should be given as the fiscal period focus. Values: FY, Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, H1, H2, M9, T1, T2, T3, M8, CY.

This is focus fiscal year of the document report in CCYY format. For a 2006 annual report, which may also provide financial information from prior periods, fiscal 2006 should be given as the fiscal year focus. Example: 2006.

The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented. If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.

Indicate number of shares or other units outstanding of each of registrant's classes of capital or common stock or other ownership interests, if and as stated on cover of related periodic report. Where multiple classes or units exist define each class/interest by adding class of stock items such as Common Class A [Member], Common Class B [Member] or Partnership Interest [Member] onto the Instrument [Domain] of the Entity Listings, Instrument.

Indicate whether the registrant is one of the following: (1) Large Accelerated Filer, (2) Accelerated Filer, (3) Non-accelerated Filer, (4) Smaller Reporting Company (Non-accelerated), (5) Smaller Reporting Accelerated Filer or (6) Smaller Reporting Company and Large Accelerated Filer. Definitions of these categories are stated in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. This information should be based on the registrant's current or most recent filing containing the related disclosure.

Tangible assets that are held by an entity for use in the production or supply of goods and services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes and that are expected to provide economic benefit for more than one year; net of accumulated depreciation. Examples include computer and related equipment and software.

Carrying value as of the balance sheet date of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).

Amount due from customers or clients, within one year of the balance sheet date (or the normal operating cycle, whichever is longer), for goods or services (including trade receivables) that have been delivered or sold in the normal course of business, reduced to the estimated net realizable fair value by an allowance established by the entity of the amount it deems uncertain of collection.

Accumulated change in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources, net of tax effect, at period end. Excludes Net Income (Loss), and accumulated changes in equity from transactions resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Includes foreign currency translation items, certain pension adjustments, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments in debt and equity securities, other than temporary impairment (OTTI) losses related to factors other than credit losses on available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities that an entity does not intend to sell and it is not more likely than not that the entity will be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost basis, as well as changes in the fair value of derivatives related to the effective portion of a designated cash flow hedge.

Excess of issue price over par or stated value of the entity's capital stock and amounts received from other transactions involving the entity's stock or stockholders. Includes adjustments to additional paid in capital. Some examples of such adjustments include recording the issuance of debt with a beneficial conversion feature and certain tax consequences of equity instruments awarded to employees. Use this element for the aggregate amount of additional paid-in capital associated with common and preferred stock. For additional paid-in capital associated with only common stock, use the element additional paid in capital, common stock. For additional paid-in capital associated with only preferred stock, use the element additional paid in capital, preferred stock.

Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are recognized. Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.

Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all assets that are expected to be realized in cash, sold, or consumed within one year (or the normal operating cycle, if longer). Assets are probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by an entity as a result of past transactions or events.

Amount of currency on hand as well as demand deposits with banks or financial institutions. Includes other kinds of accounts that have the general characteristics of demand deposits. Also includes short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Excludes cash and cash equivalents within disposal group and discontinued operation.

Represents the caption on the face of the balance sheet to indicate that the entity has entered into (1) purchase or supply arrangements that will require expending a portion of its resources to meet the terms thereof, and (2) is exposed to potential losses or, less frequently, gains, arising from (a) possible claims against a company's resources due to future performance under contract terms, and (b) possible losses or likely gains from uncertainties that will ultimately be resolved when one or more future events that are deemed likely to occur do occur or fail to occur.

Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable common stock (or common stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable common shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.

Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of deferred costs capitalized at the end of the reporting period that are expected to be charged against earnings within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.

For a classified balance sheet, the cumulative difference between the rental income or payments required by a lease agreement and the rental income or expense recognized on a straight-line basis, or other systematic and rational basis more representative of the time pattern in which use or benefit is granted or derived from the leased property, expected to be recognized in income or expense, by the lessor or lessee, respectively, more than one year after the balance sheet date.

The carrying amount of consideration received or receivable as of the balance sheet date on potential earnings that were not recognized as revenue in conformity with GAAP, and which are expected to be recognized as such within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer, including sales, license fees, and royalties, but excluding interest income.

The noncurrent portion of deferred revenue amount as of balance sheet date. Deferred revenue is a liability related to a revenue producing activity for which revenue has not yet been recognized, and is not expected to be recognized in the next twelve months. Generally, an entity records deferred revenue when it receives consideration from a customer before achieving certain criteria that must be met for revenue to be recognized in conformity with GAAP.

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

Sum of the carrying amounts as of the balance sheet date of all liabilities that are recognized. Liabilities are probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of an entity to transfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future.

Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which is directly or indirectly attributable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (that is, noncontrolling interest, previously referred to as minority interest).

The amount for notes payable (written promise to pay), due to related parties. Used to reflect the current portion of the liabilities (due within one year or within the normal operating cycle if longer).

Aggregate par or stated value of issued nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer). This item includes treasury stock repurchased by the entity. Note: elements for number of nonredeemable preferred shares, par value and other disclosure concepts are in another section within stockholders' equity.

Amount of asset related to consideration paid in advance for costs that provide economic benefits in future periods, and amount of other assets that are expected to be realized or consumed within one year or the normal operating cycle, if longer.

Amount before accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.

Amount after accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of physical assets used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale. Examples include, but are not limited to, land, buildings, machinery and equipment, office equipment, and furniture and fixtures.

The noncurrent cash, cash equivalents and investments that is restricted as to withdrawal or usage. Restrictions may include legally restricted deposits held as compensating balances against borrowing arrangements, contracts entered into with others, or entity statements of intention with regard to particular deposits classified as long-term; that is not expected to be released from such existing restrictions within one year of the balance sheet date or operating cycle, whichever is longer. Excludes compensating balance arrangements that are not agreements which legally restrict the use of cash amounts shown on the balance sheet. Includes noncurrent cash equivalents and investments that are similarly restricted as to withdrawal, usage or disposal.

Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.

Amount of stockholders' equity (deficit), net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity, attributable to both the parent and noncontrolling interests. Amount excludes temporary equity. Alternate caption for the concept is permanent equity.

Total number of common shares of an entity that have been sold or granted to shareholders (includes common shares that were issued, repurchased and remain in the treasury). These shares represent capital invested by the firm's shareholders and owners, and may be all or only a portion of the number of shares authorized. Shares issued include shares outstanding and shares held in the treasury.

Total number of nonredeemable preferred shares (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) issued to shareholders (includes related preferred shares that were issued, repurchased, and remain in the treasury). May be all or portion of the number of preferred shares authorized. Excludes preferred shares that are classified as debt.

Aggregate share number for all nonredeemable preferred stock (or preferred stock redeemable solely at the option of the issuer) held by stockholders. Does not include preferred shares that have been repurchased.

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income, attributable to parent entity. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), attributable to noncontrolling interests. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

Amount after tax of increase (decrease) in equity from transactions and other events and circumstances from net income and other comprehensive income. Excludes changes in equity resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners.

The aggregate costs related to goods produced and sold and services rendered by an entity during the reporting period. This excludes costs incurred during the reporting period related to financial services rendered and other revenue generating activities.

The amount of net income (loss) for the period available to each share of common stock or common unit outstanding during the reporting period and to each share or unit that would have been outstanding assuming the issuance of common shares or units for all dilutive potential common shares or units outstanding during the reporting period.

The aggregate total of expenses of managing and administering the affairs of an entity, including affiliates of the reporting entity, which are not directly or indirectly associated with the manufacture, sale or creation of a product or product line.

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

Generally recurring costs associated with normal operations except for the portion of these expenses which can be clearly related to production and included in cost of sales or services. Includes selling, general and administrative expense.

Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.

The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use.

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

The average number of shares or units issued and outstanding that are used in calculating diluted EPS or earnings per unit (EPU), determined based on the timing of issuance of shares or units in the period.

Number of [basic] shares or units, after adjustment for contingently issuable shares or units and other shares or units not deemed outstanding, determined by relating the portion of time within a reporting period that common shares or units have been outstanding to the total time in that period.

The aggregate costs related to goods produced and sold and services rendered by an entity during the reporting period. This excludes costs incurred during the reporting period related to financial services rendered and other revenue generating activities.

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

Amount of cash and cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage. Excludes amount for disposal group and discontinued operations. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.

Amount of increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and cash and cash equivalents restricted to withdrawal or usage; including effect from exchange rate change. Cash includes, but is not limited to, currency on hand, demand deposits with banks or financial institutions, and other accounts with general characteristics of demand deposits. Cash equivalents include, but are not limited to, short-term, highly liquid investments that are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates.

The current period expense charged against earnings on long-lived, physical assets not used in production, and which are not intended for resale, to allocate or recognize the cost of such assets over their useful lives; or to record the reduction in book value of an intangible asset over the benefit period of such asset; or to reflect consumption during the period of an asset that is not used in production.

The increase (decrease) during the reporting period in the aggregate amount of liabilities incurred (and for which invoices have typically been received) and payable to vendors for goods and services received that are used in an entity's business.

Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from financing activities, including discontinued operations. Financing activity cash flows include obtaining resources from owners and providing them with a return on, and a return of, their investment; borrowing money and repaying amounts borrowed, or settling the obligation; and obtaining and paying for other resources obtained from creditors on long-term credit.

Amount of cash inflow (outflow) from investing activities, including discontinued operations. Investing activity cash flows include making and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt or equity instruments and property, plant, and equipment and other productive assets.

The cash outflow associated with the acquisition of long-lived, physical assets that are used in the normal conduct of business to produce goods and services and not intended for resale; includes cash outflows to pay for construction of self-constructed assets.

The cash inflow from sales, maturities, prepayments, calls and collections of all investments, including securities and other assets, having ready marketability and intended by management to be liquidated, if necessary, within the current operating cycle. Includes cash flows from securities classified as trading securities that were acquired for reasons other than sale in the short-term.

The aggregate amount of noncash, equity-based employee remuneration. This may include the value of stock or unit options, amortization of restricted stock or units, and adjustment for officers' compensation. As noncash, this element is an add back when calculating net cash generated by operating activities using the indirect method.

Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of gain (loss) on foreign currency translation adjustments, foreign currency transactions designated and effective as economic hedges of a net investment in a foreign entity and intra-entity foreign currency transactions that are of a long-term-investment nature.

Total of all stockholders' equity (deficit) items, net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity which are attributable to the parent. The amount of the economic entity's stockholders' equity attributable to the parent excludes the amount of stockholders' equity which is allocable to that ownership interest in subsidiary equity which is not attributable to the parent (noncontrolling interest, minority interest). This excludes temporary equity and is sometimes called permanent equity.

Amount of stockholders' equity (deficit), net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity, attributable to both the parent and noncontrolling interests. Amount excludes temporary equity. Alternate caption for the concept is permanent equity.

Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business. RealNetworks, Inc. and subsidiaries is a leading global provider of network-delivered digital media applications and services that make it easy to manage, play, and share digital media. The Company also develops and markets software products and services that enable the creation, distribution, and consumption of digital media, including audio and video. Our recently acquired Napster music business offers a comprehensive set of digital music products and services designed to provide consumers with broad access to digital music. For more information on Napster, see Note 5Acquisitions.

Inherent in our business are various risks and uncertainties, including a limited history of certain of our product and service offerings. RealNetworks' success will depend on the acceptance of our technology, products and services, and the ability to generate related revenue and cash flow.

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (10-Q or Report), RealNetworks, Inc. and Subsidiaries is referred to as “RealNetworks”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”.

Basis of Presentation. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries in which it has a more than 50% voting interest. Noncontrolling interests primarily represent third-party ownership in the equity of Napster and are reflected separately in the Company’s financial statements. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the periods presented. Operating results for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any subsequent period or for the year ending December 31, 2019. Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (the 10-K).

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The entire disclosure for the general note to the financial statements for the reporting entity which may include, descriptions of the basis of presentation, business description, significant accounting policies, consolidations, reclassifications, new pronouncements not yet adopted and changes in accounting principles.

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued new guidance related to the accounting for leases. A major change in the new guidance is that lessees are now required to present right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. Enhanced disclosures are also required to give financial statement users the ability to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. We adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2019 and elected to apply the new guidance at the beginning of the year of adoption, rather than applying the new guidance retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented. In addition, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things, allowed us to carry forward historical lease classification. We have finalized our assessment of the impacts resulting from the new standard, including the impact on our internal controls. As a result of our evaluation, we have modified certain accounting policies and practices and existing controls. Adoption of the standard resulted in the recognition of $12.5 million of operating lease assets and $14.6 million of current and long-term operating lease liabilities as of January 1, 2019. The difference between the operating lease assets and lease liabilities recorded upon adoption relates to previously accrued deferred rent and lease exit and related charges included on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2018. Lease exit and related charges previously recorded pertain to the reduction in use of RealNetworks' office space and included estimates of sublease income expected to be received. The new guidance did not materially impact our consolidated statement of operations in the quarter of adoption and did not cause revision to previously recorded estimates for lease exit charges. See Note 14Leases for additional information about the new accounting standard.

In June 2018, the FASB issued new guidance related to the measurement and classification for share-based awards to non-employees. The new guidance essentially aligns the measurement and classification for these awards with that for share-based awards to employees. We adopted the new guidance effective January 1, 2019, with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In January 2017, the FASB issued new guidance simplifying the test for goodwill impairment. The new guidance eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test, instead requiring an entity to recognize a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. This guidance is effective for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are evaluating the impact of this guidance, but do not currently expect the adoption to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

On January 1, 2018, we adopted the new revenue recognition standard by applying the modified retrospective approach to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new revenue recognition standard.

We recorded a net decrease to opening retained deficit of $1.0 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting the new revenue recognition standard. This impact primarily related to licensing of our RealPlayer product and full recognition of non-recurring engineering fees, which were previously deferred and amortized over the life of the contract.

We generate all of our revenue through contracts with customers. Revenue is either recognized over time as the service is provided, or at a point in time when the product is transferred to the customer, depending on the contract type. Our performance obligations typically have an original duration of one year or less.

Napster revenue arrangements include subscription services to the Napster music streaming service sold either directly to end users (direct to consumer) or through partners (business to business), who are generally telecommunications companies, that bundle the subscription with their own services or collect payment for the stand-alone subscriptions from their end customers. Napster also sells subscriptions to third parties to provide access to the Napster platform that is typically embedded in the third party's branded or co-branded service. Such subscriptions are included in the business to business sales channel.

For services sold through third parties to end customers, we evaluate the presentation of revenue on a gross or net basis based on whether we control the service provided to the end-user and are the principal (i.e. “gross”), or we arrange for other parties to provide the service to the end-user and are an agent (i.e. “net”). In our Napster business to business revenue stream, we generally operate as a principal in arrangements with end customers as we maintain control over the service prior to being transferred to the end customer.

Certain business to business customer arrangements include variable consideration based on usage. We estimate variable consideration as part of the total transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations, or distinct service periods within a performance obligation, on a relative standalone selling price basis.

Revenues related to Napster subscription services are recognized ratably over the contract period, typically 30 days. Direct to consumer subscriptions are paid in advance, typically on a monthly basis. Subscription services offered to businesses are invoiced on a monthly basis and the timing of payment generally does not vary significantly from the timing of invoice.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our disaggregated revenue by source and segment (in thousands):

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to our customers. We record accounts receivable when the right to consideration becomes unconditional, except for the passage of time. For certain contracts, payment schedules may exceed one year; for those contracts we recognize a long-term receivable. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our balance of long-term accounts receivable was insignificant and $0.7 million, respectively, and is included in other long-term assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The decrease in this balance from December 31, 2018 to March 31, 2019 is primarily due to the timing of expected cash receipts. During the quarter ended March 31, 2019, we recorded no impairments to our contract assets.

We record deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of our completion of the underlying performance obligation. As of March 31, 2019, we had a deferred revenue balance of $6.3 million, an increase of $3.9 million from December 31, 2018, primarily due to deferred revenue associated with Napster.

Practical Expedients

For those contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for service performed, we do not disclose the value of any unsatisfied performance obligations. We also do not disclose the remaining unsatisfied performance obligations which have an original duration of one year or less. Additionally, we immediately expense sales commissions when incurred as the amortization period would have been less than one year. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expense.

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

Total stock-based compensation expense recognized in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) includes amounts related to stock options, restricted stock, and employee stock purchase plans and was as follows (in thousands):

Quarter Ended March 31,

2019

2018

Total stock-based compensation expense

$

1,384

$

1,157

The fair value of RealNetworks options granted determined using the Black-Scholes model used the following weighted-average assumptions:

Quarter Ended March 31,

2019

2018

Expected dividend yield

0

%

0

%

Risk-free interest rate

2.51

%

2.48

%

Expected life (years)

3.8

4.1

Volatility

41

%

35

%

The total stock-based compensation amounts for 2019 and 2018 disclosed above are recorded in their respective line items within operating expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Included in the expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was stock compensation expense recorded in the first quarter of 2019 and 2018 related to our 2018 and 2017 incentive bonuses paid in fully vested restricted stock units, which were authorized and granted in the first quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively.

As of March 31, 2019, $3.2 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, net of estimated forfeitures, related to stock awards. The unrecognized compensation cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.1 years.

On January 18, 2019, RealNetworks acquired an additional 42% interest in Rhapsody International, Inc. (doing business as Napster) bringing our aggregate ownership to 84% of Napster's outstanding equity, thus giving RealNetworks a majority voting interest. Napster's music streaming service provides users with broad access to digital music, offering on-demand streaming and conditional downloads through unlimited access to a catalog of millions of music tracks. Napster offers music services worldwide and generates revenue primarily through subscriptions to its music services either directly to consumers or through distribution partners.

Initially formed in 2007 and branded then as Rhapsody, Napster began as a joint venture between RealNetworks and MTV Networks, a division of Viacom International, Inc. Prior to the acquisition of the additional 42% interest in Napster, we accounted for our investment using the equity method of accounting.

Following the January 2019 acquisition, RealNetworks has the right to nominate directors constituting a majority of the Napster board of directors, however, Napster will continue to operate as an independent business with its own board of directors, strategy and leadership team. We are consolidating Napster's financial results into our financial statements for fiscal periods following the closing of the acquisition. For our first fiscal quarter of 2019, Napster is reported as a new segment in RealNetworks' consolidated financial statements.

We have preliminarily recorded 100% of the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of January 18, 2019 based on the results of an independent valuation. The 16% of Napster that we do not own is accounted for as a noncontrolling interest in our consolidated financial statements, and as part of this consolidation, the carrying value of our previous 42% equity method investment has been remeasured to fair value. The remeasurement to fair value of the historical 42% ownership interest resulted in the recognition of a $2.7 million gain in the quarter ended March 31, 2019, which is a component of the overall gain recognized as a part of this transaction. Our consolidated balance sheet reflects Napster's working capital deficit, which results in a consolidated working capital deficit. RealNetworks does not have any contractual or implied obligation to provide funding or other financial support to Napster, or to guarantee or provide other such support related to Napster's third party borrowing or Napster's other obligations, except as discussed in Note 15Commitments and Contingencies.

The terms of the transaction included initial cash consideration of $1.0 million and additional contingent consideration. Initial cash consideration of $0.2 million was paid at closing and the remainder of the initial cash consideration is included in accrued royalties, fulfillment and other current liabilities and will be paid when due with existing cash balances. With regards to contingent consideration, over the five years following the acquisition, RealNetworks will pay the lesser of the following:

(a) an additional $14.0 million to seller, or

(b) if RealNetworks sells the interest to a third party for less than $15.0 million, the actual amount received by RealNetworks, minus the $1.0 million initial payment.

In the event that RealNetworks sells such equity interest for consideration in excess of $15.0 million, RealNetworks will pay seller additional consideration, dependent on the sale price, which shall in no event exceed an additional $25.0 million. In order for seller to receive the full $40.0 million, the proceeds from the sale of Napster received by RealNetworks for the 42% equity interest acquired would have to exceed $60.0 million. These contingent consideration amounts were part of the total consideration at estimated fair value, as described in more detail below.

The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the total consideration to the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of January 18, 2019 (in thousands):

Consideration, at estimated fair value:

Cash

$

1,000

Contingent consideration

11,600

RealNetworks' preexisting 42% equity interest in Napster

2,700

Effective settlement of Napster debt and warrants, held by RealNetworks

6,408

Total consideration

$

21,708

Assets acquired and liabilities assumed, at estimated fair value:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

10,138

Accounts receivable

20,838

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

12,879

Restricted cash

2,322

Equipment, software and leasehold improvements

474

Operating lease assets

2,314

Other long-term assets

77

Deferred tax assets, net

5,942

Intangible assets

23,700

Goodwill

48,474

Total assets acquired

127,158

Accounts payable

937

Accrued royalties and fulfillment

71,980

Accrued and other current liabilities

7,475

Deferred revenue, current portion

3,600

Notes payable

12,115

Deferred tax liabilities, net

6,061

Long-term lease liabilities

1,197

Other long-term liabilities

1,515

Total liabilities assumed

104,880

Total net assets acquired

22,278

Noncontrolling interests

570

Net assets acquired

$

21,708

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price is allocated to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. Due to the complexity and limited time since closing the transaction, the purchase price allocation is subject to change, which may result from additional information becoming available and additional analyses being performed on these acquired assets and assumed liabilities. Such changes could impact estimated fair values of intangible assets, accrued royalties and fulfillment, deferred revenue, and assets and liabilities assumed, as well as the contingent consideration, noncontrolling interests, and gain recognized from consolidation. Purchase price allocation adjustments may be recorded during the measurement period (a period not to exceed 12 months from the acquisition date). The final purchase price allocation could result in material differences, which could have a material impact on our financial statements.

Acquired intangible assets have a total weighted average useful life of approximately 8 years, are being amortized using the straight line method, and are comprised of the following (in thousands):

Intangible category

Estimated fair value

Method used to calculate fair value

Estimated remaining useful life

Trade name and trademarks

$

6,800

Relief-from-royalty

15 years

Developed technology

5,900

Excess earnings

4 years

Customer relationships

5,900

Cost-to-replace

3 years

Partner relationships

5,100

Distributor method

8 years

Total

$

23,700

The estimated fair value amounts for each of these intangibles were determined using a fair value measurement categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of the trade name and trademarks intangible asset was estimated using the income approach, utilizing the relief from royalty method, which values the assets by estimating the savings achieved by ownership of trade name and trademarks when compared with the cost of licensing them from an independent owner.

The fair value of developed technology was estimated using the income approach, utilizing the excess earnings method. Under this method, cash flows attributable to the asset are estimated by deducting economic costs, including operating expenses and contributory asset charges, from revenue expected to be generated by the asset.

The fair value of customer relationships was estimated using a cost-to-replace approach, whereby the number of subscribers and the cost to acquire subscribers are key estimates utilized in the valuation.

The fair value of partner relationships was estimated using the income approach, which uses market-based distributor data to value underlying distributor relationships. Revenue, earnings, and cash flow estimates associated with these underlying distributor relationships are key estimates in determining the fair value of the partner relationships intangibles.

The fair value of deferred revenue was estimated using the income approach, utilizing a cost to fulfill analysis by estimating the direct and indirect costs related to supporting remaining obligations plus an assumed operating margin.

The fair value of our preexisting 42% equity method investment has been remeasured to an estimated fair value of $2.7 million, which resulted in a pretax gain of $2.7 million, as our existing carrying value was zero. This gain, as well as the settlement of preexisting relationships and other purchase accounting adjustments discussed below, comprise the total gain of $12.3 million recognized in Other income (expenses) in the Consolidated statement of operations for the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

The fair value of our preexisting equity method investment was calculated using an average of the income and market approach to arrive at estimated total enterprise value. The income approach fair value measurement was based on significant inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represents a fair value measurement categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Key assumptions used in estimating future cash flows included projected revenue growth and operating expenses, as well as the selection of an appropriate discount rate. Estimates of revenue growth and operating expenses were based on internal projections and considered the historical performance of Napster's business. The discount rate applied was based on Napster's weighted-average cost of capital and included a small-company risk premium. The market approach fair value measurement was based on a market comparable methodology. We used a group of comparable companies and selected an appropriate EBITDA and revenue multiple to apply to Napster's trailing twelve months and projected 2019, 2020 and 2021 EBITDA (weighted 90%) and revenues (weighted 10%). Assumptions in both the income and market approaches are significant to the overall valuation of Napster and changes to these assumptions could materially impact the preliminary fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, noncontrolling interests, total consideration, and gain on consolidation.

The fair value of the contingent consideration was estimated using multiple scenarios for each tranche of contingent consideration and then probability weighting each scenario and discounting them to estimated fair value of $11.6 million. This fair value calculation is directly impacted by the estimated total enterprise value described above. After the completion of the measurement period or in conjunction with changes in fair value unrelated to our preliminary estimate of fair value, the contingent consideration will be adjusted quarterly to fair value through earnings. Of the total amount of $11.6 million, we have accrued $2.6 million and $9.0 million in Accrued royalties, fulfillment and other current liabilities, and Other long-term liabilities, respectively.

The effective settlement of Napster's debt and warrants totaling $6.4 million represents the estimated fair value of debt and warrants held between RealNetworks and Napster as of the acquisition date. The estimated fair value is derived from the estimated total enterprise value described above. The resulting net gain of $5.5 million is included in Other income (expenses) in the Consolidated statement of operations.

As discussed in Note 15Commitments and Contingencies, the preexisting $2.8 million guarantee related to Napster's outstanding indebtedness on their revolving credit facility was eliminated upon the consolidation of Napster. This resulted in RealNetworks recording a gain of $2.8 million, which is included in Other income (expenses) in the Consolidated statement of operations.

Prior to our acquisition of Napster, we accounted for our investment under the equity method of accounting and recorded Napster 's foreign currency translation adjustments in our equity. As part of the acquisition method of accounting, we released these amounts and recorded a gain of $1.3 million, which is included in Other income (expenses) in the Consolidated statement of operations.

We recorded the fair value of noncontrolling interests, estimated at $0.6 million, using the estimated total enterprise value described above.

We also recorded goodwill of $48.5 million, representing the intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition for accounting purposes, including the expected growth in Napster's business to business model and the assembled workforce. The goodwill is reported in our Napster segment and is not deductible for income tax purposes. As discussed above, during the measurement period, purchase price allocation adjustments or changes in assumptions used in determining the total estimated enterprise value of Napster could materially impact goodwill recognized. Moreover, future performance of the Napster business will factor into our goodwill impairment analysis.

We began consolidating Napster's results of operations and cash flows into our consolidated financial statements after January 18, 2019. For the quarter ended March 31, 2019, Napster's revenue and net loss including noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of operations was $24.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively.

The following table provides the supplemental pro forma revenue and net results of the combined entity had the acquisition date of Napster been the first day of our firstquarter of 2018 rather than during our firstquarter of 2019 (in thousands):

Quarter Ended - Pro Forma (Unaudited)March 31,

2019

2018

Net revenue

$

45,838

$

59,849

Net income (loss) attributable to RealNetworks (1)

(9,517

)

6,989

(1)The pro forma net earnings attributable to RealNetworks for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 include the acquisition-related gain of $12.3 million and $0.8 million of transaction costs.

The unaudited pro forma amounts are based upon the historical financial statements of RealNetworks and Napster and were prepared using the acquisition method of accounting and are not necessarily indicative of results for any current or future period. The purchase price allocation is preliminary and is subject to change prior to finalization. The final purchase price allocation could result in material differences, which could have a material impact on the accompanying pro forma amounts.

For the quarter ended March 31, 2019, we incurred approximately $0.8 million in acquisition-related costs, including regulatory, legal, and other advisory fees, which we have recorded within general and administrative expenses.

Games

As described in more detail in our 2018 10-K, in order to acquire a full workforce, we purchased 100% of the shares of a small, privately-held Netherlands-based game development studio for net cash consideration of $4.2 million in April 2018.

The entire disclosure for a business combination (or series of individually immaterial business combinations) completed during the period, including background, timing, and recognized assets and liabilities. The disclosure may include leverage buyout transactions (as applicable).

The following tables present information about our financial assets that have been measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs utilized to determine fair value (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements as of

Amortized Cost as of

March 31, 2019

March 31, 2019

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash

$

29,530

$

—

$

—

$

29,530

$

29,530

Money market funds

7,367

—

—

7,367

7,367

Total cash and cash equivalents

36,897

—

—

36,897

36,897

Restricted cash equivalents

1,921

2,124

—

4,045

4,045

Total assets

$

38,818

$

2,124

$

—

$

40,942

$

40,942

Liabilities:

Accrued royalties, fulfillment and other current liabilities

Napster acquisition contingent consideration

$

—

$

—

$

2,586

$

2,586

N/A

Other long-term liabilities

Napster acquisition contingent consideration

—

—

9,014

9,014

N/A

Total liabilities

$

—

$

—

$

11,600

$

11,600

N/A

Fair Value Measurements as of

Amortized Cost as of

December 31, 2018

December 31, 2018

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash

$

22,853

$

—

$

—

$

22,853

$

22,853

Money market funds

12,708

—

—

12,708

12,708

Total cash and cash equivalents

35,561

—

—

35,561

35,561

Short-term investments:

Corporate notes and bonds

—

24

—

24

24

Total short-term investments

—

24

—

24

24

Restricted cash equivalents

—

1,630

—

1,630

1,630

Warrants issued by Napster (included in Other assets)

—

—

865

865

—

Total assets

$

35,561

$

1,654

$

865

$

38,080

$

37,215

Restricted cash equivalents as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 relate to cash pledged as collateral against letters of credit in connection with lease agreements and to a financial covenant in Napster's Amended Revolver Loan and Security Agreement (Revolver LSA). At March 31, 2019, $1.9 million of restricted cash equivalents related to the Revolver LSA covenant that requires Napster to maintain a cash balance at the bank of not less than $1.5 million at all times and 5% of all amounts outstanding under Napster's Non-Recourse Purchase of Eligible Receivables Agreement. See Note 10Notes Payable - Napster for additional details.

Accrued royalties, fulfillment and other current liabilities and Other long-term liabilities as of March 31, 2019 include the preliminary estimated fair value of the contingent consideration for the Napster acquisition, which was determined using a fair value measurement categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As discussed in Note 5Acquisitions, after completion of the measurement period or in conjunction with changes in fair value unrelated to our preliminary estimate of fair value, this liability will be adjusted quarterly to fair value through earnings.

Realized gains or losses on sales of short-term investment securities for the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were not significant. Gross unrealized gains and losses on short-term investment securities as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were also not significant.

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis

Certain of our assets and liabilities are measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis, using Level 3 inputs. These instruments are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we did not record any impairments on those assets required to be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

Accrued royalties, fulfillment and other current liabilities (in thousands):

March 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

Royalties and other fulfillment costs

$

75,731

$

1,989

Employee compensation, commissions and benefits

6,242

4,444

Sales, VAT and other taxes payable

3,706

785

Operating Lease Liabilities - Current

4,890

—

Other

7,321

4,094

Total accrued royalties, fulfillment and other current liabilities

$

97,890

$

11,312

Included in royalties and other fulfillment costs are Napster's accrued music royalties totaling $73.7 million. Napster’s agreements and arrangements with rights holders for the content used in its business are complex and the determination of royalty accruals involves significant judgments, assumptions, and estimates of the amounts to be paid.

The variables involved in determining royalty accruals include unmatched royalty accruals, revenue to be recognized, the type of content used and the country it is used in, outstanding royalty audits, and identification of appropriate license holders, among other variables. In addition, some rights holders have allowed the use of their content while negotiations of the terms and conditions are ongoing. In certain jurisdictions, rights holders have several years to claim royalties for musical composition.

While Napster bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results may differ materially from these estimates in the event of modified assumptions or conditions.

Related to Napster's accrued music royalties are amounts that are advanced to certain music publishers for royalty amounts that have been agreed as being owed, but for which the underlying rights holder have not yet been specifically matched. These prepaid royalty amounts totaling $12.8 million at March 31, 2019 are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. When these amounts are ultimately matched and invoiced to Napster, the prepaid royalty amount and the related accrued royalty liability are offset on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

In 2015, Napster entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (Revolver LSA) with a bank. The Revolver LSA was amended and restated in 2017 and, in January 2019, Napster entered into the second amendment to the amended Revolver LSA. The available borrowing on the Revolver LSA is based upon Napster's accounts receivable and direct to consumer subscription deposits. The amended Revolver LSA has a maximum available balance of $7 million. The maturity date is no later than April 30, 2019 with earlier maturity possible based on conditions set forth in the Revolver LSA. The interest rate is 0.75% above the Prime Rate (defined as the greater of 4.25% or the Prime Rate published in the Wall Street Journal). Interest is due monthly. At March 31, 2019, Napster had $4.9 million borrowings outstanding with an interest rate of 6.25%. Subsequent to quarter end, the Revolver LSA matured and the loan balance was paid in full on April 30, 2019.

In 2017, Napster entered into a Non-Recourse Purchase of Eligible Receivables Agreement (NRP Agreement) with an international bank (Purchaser) in which Napster will sell and assign on a continuing basis its eligible receivables to the Purchaser in return for 90% of the receivables upfront, up to a maximum amount of $15.0 million in advances. The interest rate is 2.25% above the 1-month-EURIBOR with a minimum 0.0% rate applying to the 1-month-EURIBOR rate. At March 31, 2019, Napster had $8.4 million borrowings outstanding with an interest rate of 2.25%.

The Revolver LSA required Napster to maintain a balance of unrestricted cash at the bank of not less than $1.5 million plus 5% of the total amount outstanding under the NRP Agreement. At March 31, 2019, Napster had $1.9 million of restricted cash equivalents related to the Revolver LSA covenant. As the loan was paid off on April 30, 2019, this amount is no longer restricted.

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

Restructuring and other charges in 2019 and 2018 consist of costs associated with the ongoing reorganization of our business operations and our ongoing expense re-alignment efforts. The expense amounts in both years relate primarily to severance costs due to workforce reductions.

Restructuring charges are as follows (in thousands):

Employee Separation Costs

Costs incurred and charged to expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019

$

167

Costs incurred and charged to expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018

$

501

Changes to the accrued restructuring liability (which is included in Accrued royalties, fulfillment and other current liabilities) for 2019 (in thousands) are as follows:

Employee Separation Costs

Accrued liability at December 31, 2018

$

755

Costs incurred and charged to expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019

The entire disclosure for restructuring and related activities. Description of restructuring activities such as exit and disposal activities, include facts and circumstances leading to the plan, the expected plan completion date, the major types of costs associated with the plan activities, total expected costs, the accrual balance at the end of the period, and the periods over which the remaining accrual will be settled.

As of March 31, 2019, RealNetworks has $4.5 million in uncertain tax positions. The increase in uncertain tax position at March 31, 2019 is related to $4.1 million of unrecognized tax positions recorded through purchase accounting on January 18, 2019 as a result of the acquisition of Napster. We do not anticipate that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change within the next twelve months.

We file numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns in the U.S. including federal, state and local, as well as foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations for tax years before 2013 or state, local, or foreign income tax examinations for years before 1993. We are currently under audit by various states and foreign jurisdictions for certain tax years subsequent to 1993.

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

Basic net income (loss) per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to RealNetworks by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to RealNetworks by the weighted average number of common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Basic and diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share amounts):

Quarter Ended March 31,

2019

2018

Net income (loss) attributable to RealNetworks

$

1,533

$

(5,178

)

Weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute basic EPS

37,820

37,449

Dilutive effect of stock based awards

92

—

Weighted average common shares outstanding used to compute diluted EPS

37,912

37,449

Basic EPS attributable to RealNetworks

$

0.04

$

(0.14

)

Diluted EPS attributable to RealNetworks

$

0.04

$

(0.14

)

During the quarters ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, 6.8 million and 6.2 million shares of common stock, respectively, of potentially issuable shares from stock awards were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS because of their antidilutive effect.

In 2015, Napster entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (Revolver LSA) with a bank. The Revolver LSA was amended and restated in 2017 and, in January 2019, Napster entered into the second amendment to the amended Revolver LSA. The available borrowing on the Revolver LSA is based upon Napster's accounts receivable and direct to consumer subscription deposits. The amended Revolver LSA has a maximum available balance of $7 million. The maturity date is no later than April 30, 2019 with earlier maturity possible based on conditions set forth in the Revolver LSA. The interest rate is 0.75% above the Prime Rate (defined as the greater of 4.25% or the Prime Rate published in the Wall Street Journal). Interest is due monthly. At March 31, 2019, Napster had $4.9 million borrowings outstanding with an interest rate of 6.25%. Subsequent to quarter end, the Revolver LSA matured and the loan balance was paid in full on April 30, 2019.

In 2017, Napster entered into a Non-Recourse Purchase of Eligible Receivables Agreement (NRP Agreement) with an international bank (Purchaser) in which Napster will sell and assign on a continuing basis its eligible receivables to the Purchaser in return for 90% of the receivables upfront, up to a maximum amount of $15.0 million in advances. The interest rate is 2.25% above the 1-month-EURIBOR with a minimum 0.0% rate applying to the 1-month-EURIBOR rate. At March 31, 2019, Napster had $8.4 million borrowings outstanding with an interest rate of 2.25%.

The Revolver LSA required Napster to maintain a balance of unrestricted cash at the bank of not less than $1.5 million plus 5% of the total amount outstanding under the NRP Agreement. At March 31, 2019, Napster had $1.9 million of restricted cash equivalents related to the Revolver LSA covenant. As the loan was paid off on April 30, 2019, this amount is no longer restricted.

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

We have commitments for future payments related to office facilities leases. We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in Operating lease assets, Other current liabilities, and Long-term lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our estimated incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. Operating lease assets also exclude lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. Some of our leases include options to extend or terminate the lease. Our leases generally include one or more options to renew; however, the exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. For nearly all of our operating leases, upon adoption of the new guidance, we have not assumed any options to extend will be exercised as part of our calculation of the lease liability. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

We have operating leases for office space and data centers with remaining lease terms of 1 year to 6 years.