Combining archival and media sources with interviews, “Enforcement or Embrace? The Determinants of State-Level Immigration Policy in New Immigrant Destinations” emerged from unexpected patterns Jones identified while researching race relations and immigration in North Carolina while a visiting scholar at Wake Forest University.

Notre Dame’s Institute for Latino Studies has also been extremely helpful in her work, Jones said. To jumpstart the project, ILS provided a seed grant that both supported the research and provided a boost to secure additional funding.

“I have found a great deal of support from the senior leadership in the institute, who have provided invaluable mentorship and guidance,” she said.

Discovering a New Narrative

As Jones was conducting field research from 2008 to 2009, she observed that the presidential election, economic recession, and a rapidly deteriorating environment for undocumented Latinos in the state had a surprisingly unifying effect on two minority groups.

“Many of the Latino immigrants I spoke to highlighted not only the ways in which their experiences were akin to African Americans in their communities, but that African Americans were often more likely to show kindness and civility as well as join them in protesting punitive immigration policies,” Jones said.

“For a long time, I found it hard to convince people that what I was observing was the primary narrative and not the story of conflict we are so often told.”

Jones discovered that such alliances were cropping up in other states as well, and that they appeared to be instrumental in preventing stricter immigration policies in Mississippi.

“I found this astounding but saw no research on it,” she said. “All of the work I was seeing suggested that the region was uniformly punitive and said nothing of these alliances. So I began to conceive of a project that would investigate these disparate patterns in the region.”

Analyzing a Patchwork Policy

Jones and co-investigator Hana Brown, a Wake Forest assistant professor of sociology, determined that Alabama and Mississippi would make for an excellent comparison, as they share similarities but have differing approaches to immigration policy.

One goal of “Enforcement or Embrace?” is to chronicle the political processes that are occurring in “new destination” states—places where demographic change has happened so quickly and so recently that few sociologists have studied it.

“Over the past 10 years, new destination states have entered the immigration policy fray as they grapple with the complex, unfamiliar, and politicized challenges of incorporating their new populations,” Jones said.

“Practically, this process involves policy decisions regarding education, health care, employment, and community-police relations. But at stake are much broader questions about social, economic, and political citizenship.”

Offering a Fresh Perspective

The new grant will support research in Mississippi and Alabama, but Jones is seeking more funding to include North Carolina and Georgia by 2017.

Jones also wants to offer fresh lessons to scholars and policymakers, challenging the common narrative of “black/brown conflict.”

“It is our view that there is no inherent quality of relations between African Americans and Latinos—positive, negative, or otherwise,” she said. “Our everyday discourse, however, seems to privilege a story of conflict.”

The project will examine, instead, where political alliances are emerging, why they are happening, what accounts for their success, and whether they are sustainable.

Engaging with Young Minds

At Notre Dame, Jones approaches her teaching with two goals in mind—providing students with the tools to become better citizens, and helping them learn new skills through application.

“I constantly push my students to use their studies to better understand issues in the social world, and to provide them with opportunities to critically engage their new knowledge,” she said. “In practice, this means we do a lot of writing, and we talk about a lot of real world issues and policies.”

Jones anchors one course around how various dimensions of the Latino experience shape how Latinos are, and should be, counted in the U.S. Census. By the end of the course, students are asked to propose a schema for the 2020 census.

Jones uses her research as an example of the work that sociologists of race and ethnicity engage in, but she avoids heavy emphasis on her own theories.

“I want students to do the critical thinking work themselves—I don’t want them to feel compelled to adopt my perspective,” she said. “I have learned a great deal from the insights of my Notre Dame students. It is a great opportunity to regularly engage with some very bright young minds, and I do my best to take full advantage of that.”