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5.
The human brain and critical periods for learning in a person’s development<br />John Abbott, President of The 21st Century Learning Initiativewww.21learn.org<br />

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The link between social and emotional development and cognitive development <br />“ …When it comes to brain circuitry, it’s better to get it right the first time, than to try and fix it later.”<br />Professor Jack P. Shonkoff, M.D.Harvard University<br />

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High rates of return<br />Comparing the costs of public investment in ECE against a variety of benefits:<br /><ul><li>higher achievement test scores, lower rates of grade repetition and special education, and higher educational attainment

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The 2008 EFA Global Monitoring Report stated that only 53% of the world’s countries have ECE programmes for children under 3<br />These are mostly in North America and Western Europe, Central Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean<br />

24.
Population: 1.17 billion; 1.38% p.a. <br />Per capita income: US$1089 (US$4542 in PPP)<br />50% of the population is below 25 years<br />360 million children of school-going age<br />The largest child population in the world<br />

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2. Quality assurance<br /> Teachers in these model ECE programmes (whether public or private) will be receiving intensive supervision and mentoring<br /> They will be involved in a continuous improvement process for learning and teaching<br />

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3. Regular review<br /> These ECE programmes will be regularly assessing a child’s learning and development to monitor the extent to which they are meeting their institutional goals<br />

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4. Holistic approach<br /> ECE programmes will embrace a pedagogy that develops the whole child (including social and emotional development and self-regulation)<br /> This will help to produce positive effects on children’s behaviour, which leads to later reductions in crime and delinquency.<br />

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5. Public policy<br /> More broadly, ECE policy needs to be developed within the context of comprehensive public policy to support child development from birth to age 5 and beyond<br /> With priority for socioeconomically disadvantaged children who are likely to benefit most. <br />