humoral = theory of mental illness—certain fluids in the body, if out of balance it threw off the body’s proper function

treatments remained crude

Supernatural tradition

deviant behavior as a battle of “good” vs evil

caused by demonic possession, witchcraft, sorcery

treatments included exorcism, torture, beatings, and crude surgeries

the moon and the stars

paracelsus and lunacy

abnormal behavior

Actions that are unexpected and often evaluated negatively because they differ from typical or usual behavior

behavior therapy

Array of therapeutic methods based on the principles of behavirosal and cognitive science, as well as principles of learing as applied to clinical problems. It considers specific behaviors rather than inferred conflicts as legitimate targets for change

behavioral model

explanationof human behavir, including dysfunctio, badsded on principles of learning and adaptation derived from experimental psychology

behaviorism

explaination of human behavior, including dysfunction, based on principles of learning and adaption derived from experimental psychology

castration anxiety

The fear in young boys that they will be mutilated gewnitally because of their lust for their mothers

catharsis

rapid or sudden release of emotional tension thought to be an important factor in psychoanalytic therapy

classical conditioning

fundamental learning process first described by Ivan Pavlov. An event that automatically elicits a response is paried with another stimulus event that does not. After repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that by itself can elicit the desired response

clinical description

details of the combination of behaviors, thoughs and feelings of an indiidual that make up a particular disorder

collective unconscious

accumulated wisdom of a culture collected and remembered across generations, a psychodynamic concept introduced by Carl Jung.

course

pattern of development and change of a disorder over time

defense mechanism

common pattern of behavior, often an adaptive coping style when it occurs in moderation, observed in response to a particular situation.

Unconsious processing originating in the ego

dream analysis

psychoanalytic therapy method in which dream content is examined as symbolic of id impulses and intrapsychotic conflicts

ego

the psychotic entity responsible for finding realistic and practical ways to satisfy the id

ego psychology

psychoanalytic theory that empthazises the tole of the ego in development and attibutes psychological disorders to failure of the ego to manage impulses and interal conflicts

etiology

cause or source of a disorder

exorcism

religious ritual that attributes disordered behavior to possession by demons and seeks to treat the indivusual by driving the demons from the body

extinction

learning process in which response maintained by reinforcement in iperant conditiond or pairing in classical conditioning decreases when the reinforement of pairing is removed aslso the produre of removing that reinforcement or pairing

free association

psychoanalytic therapy technique intended to explore threatening material repressed into the unconscious. The patiend is instructed to say whatever comes to mind without censoring

id

pleasure principle, illogical, emotional, irrational

incidence

number of new cases of disorder appearing during a specific time period

intrapsychic conflicts

struggle among id, ego, and superego

introspection

early, nonscientific approac to the study of psychology incolving systematic attempts to report thoughts and feelings that specific stimuli evoked

mental hygiene movement

effort to improve care of the mentally disorderedby informing the public of their mistreatment

moral therapy

involved treating patients as normally as possible in normal environments

neurosis

obsolete psychodynamic term for a disorder thought to result from an unconsious conflict and anxiety it causes

object relation

modern development in psychodynamic theory involving the study of how children incorporate the memories and valies of people who are close and important to them

person-centered therapy

method in which the client, rather than the counselor, promarily directs the course of disscussion, seeking self discovery and self-responsibility

phobia

disorder characterized by marked and persistant fear of an object or situation

presenting problem

original complaint reported by the client to the therapist. The actual treated problem may be modification derived from the presenting problem

prevalence

number of people displaying a disorder in the total pop. at any given time

prognosis

predicted development of a disorder over time

psychoanalysis

assesment and therapy pioneered by freud that emphasized exploration of and the insight into unconscious processed and conflicts

comples and comprehensice theory originally advanced by frued that seeks to account for the development and structure of personality as well as the orgin of abnormal behavior, based primarily on inferred innerentities and forces

psychodynamic psychotherapy

contemporary version of psychoanalysis athat still emphasizes unconcious processes and conflicts but is briefer and more focused on specific problems

psychological disorder

psychological disfuntion associated with distress or ompairment in functioning that is not a typical or culturally expected response

psychopathology

scientific study of psychological disorders

psychosocial approach

treatment practice that focuses on social and cultural factors as well as psychological influences

reinforcement

consequences for behavior that strengthen it or increase its frequency

scientist-practitioner

mental health professional expected to apply scientific methods ro his or her work. A scientist-practitioner must know that latest reaserch on diagnosis and treatment

self-actualizing

process emphasized in humanistic pshycology in which people strive to achienve the highest potential against difficult life experiences

shaping

the development of a new response by reinforcing successively more similar versions of that repsonse. Bothe desirable and undesirable behaviors may be learned this way

superego

entity representing the internalized moral standards of parents and society