BASOPHILS and BASOPHIL COUNT - Basophilic activity is not fully understood but it is known to carry histamine, heparin and serotonin. High levels are found in allergic reactions.Normal Adult Range: 0 - 2 %Optimal Adult Reading: 1 TOP of Page

Electrolyte ValuesSODIUM - Sodium is the most abundant cation in the blood and its chief base. It functions in the body to maintain osmotic pressure, acid-base balance and to transmit nerve impulses. Very Low value: seizure and Neurologic Sx.Normal Adult Range: 135-146 mEq/LOptimal Adult Reading: 140.5

CHLORIDE - Elevated levels are related to acidosis as well as too much water crossing the cell membrane. Decreased levels with decreased serum albumin may indicate water deficiency crossing the cell membrane (edema).Normal Adult Range: 95-112 mEq/LOptimal Adult Reading: 103

CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - The CO2 level is related to the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide in the lungs and is part of the bodies buffering system. Generally when used with the other electrolytes, it is a good indicator of acidosis and alkalinity.Normal Adult Range: 22-32 mEq/LOptimal Adult Reading: 27Normal Childrens Range - 20 - 28 mEq/LOptimal Childrens Reading: 24

ANION GAP (Sodium + Potassium - CO2 + Chloride) - An increased measurement is associated with metabolic acidosis due to the overproduction of acids (a state of alkalinity is in effect). Decreased levels may indicate metabolic alkalosis due to the overproduction of alkaloids (a state of acidosis is in effect).Normal Adult Range: 4 - 14 (calculated)Optimal Adult Reading: 9

LDH (Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase) - Increases are usually found in cellular death and/or leakage from the cell or in some cases it can be useful in confirming myocardial or pulmonary infarction (only in relation to other tests). Decreased levels of the enzyme may be seen in cases of malnutrition, hypoglycemia, adrenal exhaustion or low tissue or organ activity.Normal Adult Range: 0 - 250 U/LOptimal Adult Reading: 125

BILIRUBIN, TOTAL - Elevated in liver disease, mononucleosis, hemolytic anemia, low levels of exposure to the sun, and toxic effects to some drugs, decreased levels are seen in people with an inefficient liver, excessive fat digestion, and possibly a diet low in nitrogen bearing foodsNormal Adult Range 0 - 1.3 mg/dlOptimal Adult Reading: .65 Top of Page

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) - A high level of HDL is an indication of a healthy metabolic system if there is no sign of liver disease or intoxication.Normal Adult Range: 35 - 135 mg/dlOptimal Adult Reading: +85 mg/dl

CK-MB CK isoenzyme - It begins to increase 6 to 10 hours after an acute MI, peaks in 24 hours, and remains elevated for up to 72 hours.< 12 IU/L if total CK is <400 IU/L <3.5% of total CK if total CK is >400 IU/L

(LDH) Lactate dehydrogenase - Total LDH will begin to rise 2 to 5 days after an MI; the elevation can last 10 days.140-280 U/L

LDH-1 and LDH-2 LDH isoenzymes - Compare LDH 1 and LDH 2 levels. Normally, the LDH-1 value will be less than the LDH-2. In the acute MI, however, the LDH 2 remains constant, while LDH 1 rises. When the LDH 1 is higher than LDH 2, the LDH is said to be flipped, which is highly suggestive of an MI. A flipped pattern appears 12-24 hours post MI and persists for 48 hours.LDH-1 18%-33% LDH-2 28%-40%

SGOT - will begin to rise in 8-12 hours and peak in 18-30 hours10-42 U/L

Myoglobin - early and sensitive diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the emergency department This small heme protein becomes abnormal within 1 to 2 hours of necrosis, peaks in 4-8 hours, and drops to normal in about 12 hours.< 1