Discover different types of debt instruments, including Government securities, Government agencies, municipal bonds, and corporate bonds. This educational video is part of Zions DirectUniversity's Beginner series.
Questions or Comments?
Have a question or topic you’d like to learn more about? Let us know:
Twitter: @ZionsDirectTV
Facebook: www.facebook.com/zionsdirect
Or leave a comment on one of our videos.
Open an Account:
Begin investing today by opening a brokerage account or IRA at www.zionsdirect.com
Bid in our Auctions:
Participate in our fixed-income security auctions with no commissions or mark-ups charged by Zions Direct at www.auctions.zionsdirect.com

published:16 May 2012

views:45769

Municipalities in the Northern Cape are struggling to balance their books as debt to service providers continues to rocket.
Debts to Eskom and water boards are currently escalating with the latest figures entering into hundreds of millions of Rands owed.
Some of the municipalities in the province, Magareng in Warrenton and Dikgatlong in Barkley West have not been able to service their water and electricity debts. This has led to enforced power and water interruptions at the various defaulting municipalities.
For more news, visit: sabcnews.com

Whether we're talking about corporate bonds, municipal bonds, government bonds or other types of bonds, the principle is simple: an entity requests a loan and a lender is willing to offer money to the entity in question in exchange for interest (although in our current low to zero to negative interest environment, that part is debatable).
Through this one minute video, I've explained how the process works.
Please like, comment and subscribe if you've enjoyed the video.
To support the channel, give me a minute (see what I did there?) of your time by visiting OneMinuteEconomics.com and reading my message.
Bitcoin donations can be sent to 1AFYgM8Cmiiu5HjcXaP5aS1fEBJ5n3VDck and PayPal donations to oneminuteeconomics@gmail.com, any and all support is greatly appreciated!
Oh and I've also started playing around with Patreon, my link is:
https://www.patreon.com/oneminuteeconomics
Interested in reading a good book?
My first book, Wealth Management2.0 (through which I do my best to help people manage their wealth properly, whether we're talking about someone who has a huge amount of money at his disposal or someone who is still living paycheck to paycheck), can be bought using the links below:
Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/Wealth-Management-2-0-Financial-Professionals-ebook/dp/B01I1WA2BK
Barnes & Noble - http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/wealth-management-20-andrei-polgar/1124435282?ean=2940153328942
iBooks (Apple) - https://itun.es/us/wYSveb.l
Kobo - https://store.kobobooks.com/en-us/ebook/wealth-management-2-0
My second book, the Wall Street Journal and USA Today bestseller The Age of Anomaly (through which I help people prepare for financial calamities and become more financially resilient in general), can be bought using the links below.
Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/Age-Anomaly-Spotting-Financial-Uncertainty-ebook/dp/B078SYL5YS
Barnes & Noble - https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-age-of-anomaly-andrei-polgar/1127084693?ean=2940155383970
iBooks (Apple) - https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/age-anomaly-spotting-financial-storms-in-sea-uncertainty/id1331704265
Kobo - https://www.kobo.com/ww/en/ebook/the-age-of-anomaly-spotting-financial-storms-in-a-sea-of-uncertainty
Last but not least, if you'd like to follow me on social media, use one of the links below:
https://www.facebook.com/oneminuteeconomics
https://twitter.com/andreipolgar
https://ro.linkedin.com/in/andrei-polgar-9a11a561

Session 12 in our Series 7 exam videos. Provides an overview of bonds for the exam. Get more answers at our forum for finance and accounting at passingscoreforum.com

published:24 Dec 2013

views:26528

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning - GOVERNMENT DEBT definition - GOVERNMENT DEBT explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Government debt (also known as public interest, national debt and sovereign debt) is the debt owed by a central government. (In federal states, "government debt" may also refer to the debt of a state or provincial, municipal or local government.) By contrast, the annual "government deficit" refers to the difference between government receipts and spending in a single year.
A central government with its own currency can pay for its spending by creating money ex novo. In this instance, a government issues securities not to raise funds, but instead to remove excess bank reserves (caused by government spending that is higher than tax receipts) and '...create a shortage of reserves in the market so that the system as a whole must come to the Bank for liquidity.'
Governments create debt by issuing securities, government bonds and bills. Less creditworthy countries sometimes borrow directly from a supranational organization (e.g. the World Bank) or international financial institutions.
As the government draws its income from much of the population, government debt is an indirect debt of the taxpayers. Government debt can be categorized as internal debt (owed to lenders within the country) and external debt (owed to foreign lenders). Another common division of government debt is by duration until repayment is due. Short term debt is generally considered to be for one year or less, long term is for more than ten years. Medium term debt falls between these two boundaries. A broader definition of government debt may consider all government liabilities, including future pension payments and payments for goods and services the government has contracted but not yet paid.
Although a national government may choose to default for political reasons, lending to a national government in the country's own sovereign currency is generally considered "risk free" and is done at a so-called "risk-free interest rate." This is because the debt and interest can be repaid by raising tax receipts (either by economic growth or raising tax revenue), a reduction in spending, or by creating more money. However, it is widely considered that this would increase inflation and thus reduce the value of the invested capital (at least for debt not linked to inflation). This has happened many times throughout history, and a typical example of this is provided by Weimar Germany of the 1920s, which suffered from hyperinflation when the government massively printed money, because of its inability to pay the national debt deriving from the costs of World War I.
In practice, the market interest rate tends to be different for debts of different countries. An example is in borrowing by different European Union countries denominated in euros. Even though the currency is the same in each case, the yield required by the market is higher for some countries' debt than for others. This reflects the views of the market on the relative solvency of the various countries and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid. Further, there are historical examples where countries defaulted, i.e., refused to pay their debts, even when they had the ability of paying it with printed money. This is because printing money has other effects that the government may see as more problematic than defaulting.
A politically unstable state is anything but risk-free as it may—being sovereign—cease its payments. Examples of this phenomenon include Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries, which nullified its government debt seven times during a century, and revolutionary Russia of 1917 which refused to accept the responsibility for Imperial Russia's foreign debt. Another political risk is caused by external threats. It is mostly uncommon for invaders to accept responsibility for the national debt of the annexed state or that of an organization it considered as rebels. For example, all borrowings by the Confederate States of America were left unpaid after the American Civil War.

published:06 May 2017

views:834

If you have money, committing a municipal violation may pose you a minor inconvenience. If you don’t, it can ruin your life.
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight

published:23 Mar 2015

views:7475087

Many residents across the country continue to experience exorbitant municipality debts. Some are legitimate and some, mind boggling.
The wrong billing system continue to frustrate them and lawyers continue to be on their case. Why is there consistent incorrect billing and why are quiries not amicably resolved. Today we focus debt collection of defaulters and how its done for municipalities to recover the debt. Fikile Bili is a MunicipalityDebt Collector is in the studio.

Municipality

A municipality is usually an urban administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction. The term municipality is also used to mean the governing, ruling body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The term is derived from French "municipalité" and Latin "municipalis".

The English word "Municipality" derives from the Latin social contract "municipium", meaning duty holders, referring to the Latin communities that supplied Rome with troops in exchange for their own incorporation into the Roman state (granting Roman citizenship to the inhabitants) while permitting the communities to retain their own local governments (a limited autonomy).

Oliver has said that he has full creative freedom, including free rein to criticize corporations. His initial contract with HBO was for two years with an option for extension. In February 2015, it was announced that the show has been renewed for two additional seasons of 35 episodes each. Oliver and HBO programming president Michael Lombardo have discussed extending the show from half an hour to a full hour and airing more than once a week after Oliver "gets his feet under him".

CoW to write-off pensioners’ municipal debts-NBC

Municipal debts owed to Eskom in focus at Scopa

2:38

Types of Debt Securities

Types of Debt Securities

Types of Debt Securities

Discover different types of debt instruments, including Government securities, Government agencies, municipal bonds, and corporate bonds. This educational video is part of Zions DirectUniversity's Beginner series.
Questions or Comments?
Have a question or topic you’d like to learn more about? Let us know:
Twitter: @ZionsDirectTV
Facebook: www.facebook.com/zionsdirect
Or leave a comment on one of our videos.
Open an Account:
Begin investing today by opening a brokerage account or IRA at www.zionsdirect.com
Bid in our Auctions:
Participate in our fixed-income security auctions with no commissions or mark-ups charged by Zions Direct at www.auctions.zionsdirect.com

4:16

DISCUSSION: Northern Cape municipality debt

DISCUSSION: Northern Cape municipality debt

DISCUSSION: Northern Cape municipality debt

Municipalities in the Northern Cape are struggling to balance their books as debt to service providers continues to rocket.
Debts to Eskom and water boards are currently escalating with the latest figures entering into hundreds of millions of Rands owed.
Some of the municipalities in the province, Magareng in Warrenton and Dikgatlong in Barkley West have not been able to service their water and electricity debts. This has led to enforced power and water interruptions at the various defaulting municipalities.
For more news, visit: sabcnews.com

Whether we're talking about corporate bonds, municipal bonds, government bonds or other types of bonds, the principle is simple: an entity requests a loan and a lender is willing to offer money to the entity in question in exchange for interest (although in our current low to zero to negative interest environment, that part is debatable).
Through this one minute video, I've explained how the process works.
Please like, comment and subscribe if you've enjoyed the video.
To support the channel, give me a minute (see what I did there?) of your time by visiting OneMinuteEconomics.com and reading my message.
Bitcoin donations can be sent to 1AFYgM8Cmiiu5HjcXaP5aS1fEBJ5n3VDck and PayPal donations to oneminuteeconomics@gmail.com, any and all support is greatly appreciated!
Oh and I've also started playing around with Patreon, my link is:
https://www.patreon.com/oneminuteeconomics
Interested in reading a good book?
My first book, Wealth Management2.0 (through which I do my best to help people manage their wealth properly, whether we're talking about someone who has a huge amount of money at his disposal or someone who is still living paycheck to paycheck), can be bought using the links below:
Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/Wealth-Management-2-0-Financial-Professionals-ebook/dp/B01I1WA2BK
Barnes & Noble - http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/wealth-management-20-andrei-polgar/1124435282?ean=2940153328942
iBooks (Apple) - https://itun.es/us/wYSveb.l
Kobo - https://store.kobobooks.com/en-us/ebook/wealth-management-2-0
My second book, the Wall Street Journal and USA Today bestseller The Age of Anomaly (through which I help people prepare for financial calamities and become more financially resilient in general), can be bought using the links below.
Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/Age-Anomaly-Spotting-Financial-Uncertainty-ebook/dp/B078SYL5YS
Barnes & Noble - https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-age-of-anomaly-andrei-polgar/1127084693?ean=2940155383970
iBooks (Apple) - https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/age-anomaly-spotting-financial-storms-in-sea-uncertainty/id1331704265
Kobo - https://www.kobo.com/ww/en/ebook/the-age-of-anomaly-spotting-financial-storms-in-a-sea-of-uncertainty
Last but not least, if you'd like to follow me on social media, use one of the links below:
https://www.facebook.com/oneminuteeconomics
https://twitter.com/andreipolgar
https://ro.linkedin.com/in/andrei-polgar-9a11a561

Series 7 Exam Session 12 - Bond Overview

Session 12 in our Series 7 exam videos. Provides an overview of bonds for the exam. Get more answers at our forum for finance and accounting at passingscoreforum.com

9:56

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning & explanation

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning & explanation

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning & explanation

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning - GOVERNMENT DEBT definition - GOVERNMENT DEBT explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Government debt (also known as public interest, national debt and sovereign debt) is the debt owed by a central government. (In federal states, "government debt" may also refer to the debt of a state or provincial, municipal or local government.) By contrast, the annual "government deficit" refers to the difference between government receipts and spending in a single year.
A central government with its own currency can pay for its spending by creating money ex novo. In this instance, a government issues securities not to raise funds, but instead to remove excess bank reserves (caused by government spending that is higher than tax receipts) and '...create a shortage of reserves in the market so that the system as a whole must come to the Bank for liquidity.'
Governments create debt by issuing securities, government bonds and bills. Less creditworthy countries sometimes borrow directly from a supranational organization (e.g. the World Bank) or international financial institutions.
As the government draws its income from much of the population, government debt is an indirect debt of the taxpayers. Government debt can be categorized as internal debt (owed to lenders within the country) and external debt (owed to foreign lenders). Another common division of government debt is by duration until repayment is due. Short term debt is generally considered to be for one year or less, long term is for more than ten years. Medium term debt falls between these two boundaries. A broader definition of government debt may consider all government liabilities, including future pension payments and payments for goods and services the government has contracted but not yet paid.
Although a national government may choose to default for political reasons, lending to a national government in the country's own sovereign currency is generally considered "risk free" and is done at a so-called "risk-free interest rate." This is because the debt and interest can be repaid by raising tax receipts (either by economic growth or raising tax revenue), a reduction in spending, or by creating more money. However, it is widely considered that this would increase inflation and thus reduce the value of the invested capital (at least for debt not linked to inflation). This has happened many times throughout history, and a typical example of this is provided by Weimar Germany of the 1920s, which suffered from hyperinflation when the government massively printed money, because of its inability to pay the national debt deriving from the costs of World War I.
In practice, the market interest rate tends to be different for debts of different countries. An example is in borrowing by different European Union countries denominated in euros. Even though the currency is the same in each case, the yield required by the market is higher for some countries' debt than for others. This reflects the views of the market on the relative solvency of the various countries and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid. Further, there are historical examples where countries defaulted, i.e., refused to pay their debts, even when they had the ability of paying it with printed money. This is because printing money has other effects that the government may see as more problematic than defaulting.
A politically unstable state is anything but risk-free as it may—being sovereign—cease its payments. Examples of this phenomenon include Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries, which nullified its government debt seven times during a century, and revolutionary Russia of 1917 which refused to accept the responsibility for Imperial Russia's foreign debt. Another political risk is caused by external threats. It is mostly uncommon for invaders to accept responsibility for the national debt of the annexed state or that of an organization it considered as rebels. For example, all borrowings by the Confederate States of America were left unpaid after the American Civil War.

17:55

Municipal Violations: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

Municipal Violations: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

Municipal Violations: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

If you have money, committing a municipal violation may pose you a minor inconvenience. If you don’t, it can ruin your life.
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight

6:08

Residents across the country experience high municipality debts

Residents across the country experience high municipality debts

Residents across the country experience high municipality debts

Many residents across the country continue to experience exorbitant municipality debts. Some are legitimate and some, mind boggling.
The wrong billing system continue to frustrate them and lawyers continue to be on their case. Why is there consistent incorrect billing and why are quiries not amicably resolved. Today we focus debt collection of defaulters and how its done for municipalities to recover the debt. Fikile Bili is a MunicipalityDebt Collector is in the studio.

Rock Center | Restructuring Sovereign Debt in the 21st Century

The StanfordRock Center hosted a discussion on sovereign debt restructuring with two leading experts in the field: Lee C. Buchheit and Benjamin Hébert.
Mr. Buchheit described where the law stands after the New York courts’ interpretation of the pari passu clause in NML Capital v. Argentina. He also outlined the contractual provisions introduced in sovereign bond documentation in response to this ruling, as well as potential restructuring strategies that sovereigns could use in the future to successfully restructure their debts.
GSBProfessor Hébert discussed his research, conducted with his HBS colleague Jesse Schreger, that estimates the causal effect of sovereign default on the equity returns of Argentine firms.

7:40

A debt-free Municipality

A debt-free Municipality

A debt-free Municipality

This video is produced for Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (sector) Project of LGED with the financial assistance of GIZ under GUG program on behalf of Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. This video presents how a municipality became debt-free. There were many liabilities of Chandpur Pourashava during 2008-09 period including arear electric & telephone bill, BMDF loan, staff benefits etc. The newMunicipal council under the leadership of Mayor took the issue of liabilities as a challenge.
The Municipal management identified the sector of debts and side by side tried to find strategies to increase income like holding tax, non-tax revenues, tariff etc. Municipal management took immediate crush program to increase the above income. As a result the PS had tremendously increased their income from holding tax and other taxes and also from non-tax revenue. Now the municipality is completely debt free and financially solvent.
Currently dissemination of this practice to other municipalities is going on through horizontal learning program aiming for replication and creation of new good practices by themselves

CoW to write-off pensioners’ municipal debts-NBC

published: 01 Jul 2018

Municipal debts owed to Eskom in focus at Scopa

published: 16 May 2018

Types of Debt Securities

Discover different types of debt instruments, including Government securities, Government agencies, municipal bonds, and corporate bonds. This educational video is part of Zions DirectUniversity's Beginner series.
Questions or Comments?
Have a question or topic you’d like to learn more about? Let us know:
Twitter: @ZionsDirectTV
Facebook: www.facebook.com/zionsdirect
Or leave a comment on one of our videos.
Open an Account:
Begin investing today by opening a brokerage account or IRA at www.zionsdirect.com
Bid in our Auctions:
Participate in our fixed-income security auctions with no commissions or mark-ups charged by Zions Direct at www.auctions.zionsdirect.com

published: 16 May 2012

DISCUSSION: Northern Cape municipality debt

Municipalities in the Northern Cape are struggling to balance their books as debt to service providers continues to rocket.
Debts to Eskom and water boards are currently escalating with the latest figures entering into hundreds of millions of Rands owed.
Some of the municipalities in the province, Magareng in Warrenton and Dikgatlong in Barkley West have not been able to service their water and electricity debts. This has led to enforced power and water interruptions at the various defaulting municipalities.
For more news, visit: sabcnews.com

Whether we're talking about corporate bonds, municipal bonds, government bonds or other types of bonds, the principle is simple: an entity requests a loan and a lender is willing to offer money to the entity in question in exchange for interest (although in our current low to zero to negative interest environment, that part is debatable).
Through this one minute video, I've explained how the process works.
Please like, comment and subscribe if you've enjoyed the video.
To support the channel, give me a minute (see what I did there?) of your time by visiting OneMinuteEconomics.com and reading my message.
Bitcoin donations can be sent to 1AFYgM8Cmiiu5HjcXaP5aS1fEBJ5n3VDck and PayPal donations to oneminuteeconomics@gmail.com, any and all support is greatly appreciated!
Oh and I've also s...

Series 7 Exam Session 12 - Bond Overview

Session 12 in our Series 7 exam videos. Provides an overview of bonds for the exam. Get more answers at our forum for finance and accounting at passingscoreforum.com

published: 24 Dec 2013

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning & explanation

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning - GOVERNMENT DEBT definition - GOVERNMENT DEBT explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Government debt (also known as public interest, national debt and sovereign debt) is the debt owed by a central government. (In federal states, "government debt" may also refer to the debt of a state or provincial, municipal or local government.) By contrast, the annual "government deficit" refers to the difference between government receipts and spending in a single year.
A central government with its own currency can pay for its spending by creating money ex novo. In this instance, a government issues securities not to raise funds, but instead to...

published: 06 May 2017

Municipal Violations: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

If you have money, committing a municipal violation may pose you a minor inconvenience. If you don’t, it can ruin your life.
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like yo...

published: 23 Mar 2015

Residents across the country experience high municipality debts

Many residents across the country continue to experience exorbitant municipality debts. Some are legitimate and some, mind boggling.
The wrong billing system continue to frustrate them and lawyers continue to be on their case. Why is there consistent incorrect billing and why are quiries not amicably resolved. Today we focus debt collection of defaulters and how its done for municipalities to recover the debt. Fikile Bili is a MunicipalityDebt Collector is in the studio.

Language: Hindi, Topics Covered
1. Recap of banking sector lectures and minor updates as per latest monetary policy review (Feb 2015) and Committees for Small banks and Payment Banks
2. What is finance? Why should we start business with finance from elsewhere?
3. Type types of Financing mechanism: DebtInstrument vs Equity instruments
4. What is credit rating? What is India’s current credit rating? What factors affect it?
5. What’s the difference between Gilt Edged securities vs. Junk Bonds
6. What is bond yield and yield to maturity (YTM)?
7. How can higher bond yield and lower credit rating hurt a Government?
8. Difference between Bonds and Debentures?
9. Municipal bonds: History, their Importance in financing smart cities, SEBI’s 2015 guidelines for Municipal bonds.
10. OFCD and other t...

published: 07 Feb 2015

Rock Center | Restructuring Sovereign Debt in the 21st Century

The StanfordRock Center hosted a discussion on sovereign debt restructuring with two leading experts in the field: Lee C. Buchheit and Benjamin Hébert.
Mr. Buchheit described where the law stands after the New York courts’ interpretation of the pari passu clause in NML Capital v. Argentina. He also outlined the contractual provisions introduced in sovereign bond documentation in response to this ruling, as well as potential restructuring strategies that sovereigns could use in the future to successfully restructure their debts.
GSBProfessor Hébert discussed his research, conducted with his HBS colleague Jesse Schreger, that estimates the causal effect of sovereign default on the equity returns of Argentine firms.

published: 09 Jun 2017

A debt-free Municipality

This video is produced for Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (sector) Project of LGED with the financial assistance of GIZ under GUG program on behalf of Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. This video presents how a municipality became debt-free. There were many liabilities of Chandpur Pourashava during 2008-09 period including arear electric & telephone bill, BMDF loan, staff benefits etc. The newMunicipal council under the leadership of Mayor took the issue of liabilities as a challenge.
The Municipal management identified the sector of debts and side by side tried to find strategies to increase income like holding tax, non-tax revenues, tariff etc. Municipal management took immediate crush program to increase the above income. As a result the PS h...

Discover different types of debt instruments, including Government securities, Government agencies, municipal bonds, and corporate bonds. This educational video is part of Zions DirectUniversity's Beginner series.
Questions or Comments?
Have a question or topic you’d like to learn more about? Let us know:
Twitter: @ZionsDirectTV
Facebook: www.facebook.com/zionsdirect
Or leave a comment on one of our videos.
Open an Account:
Begin investing today by opening a brokerage account or IRA at www.zionsdirect.com
Bid in our Auctions:
Participate in our fixed-income security auctions with no commissions or mark-ups charged by Zions Direct at www.auctions.zionsdirect.com

Discover different types of debt instruments, including Government securities, Government agencies, municipal bonds, and corporate bonds. This educational video is part of Zions DirectUniversity's Beginner series.
Questions or Comments?
Have a question or topic you’d like to learn more about? Let us know:
Twitter: @ZionsDirectTV
Facebook: www.facebook.com/zionsdirect
Or leave a comment on one of our videos.
Open an Account:
Begin investing today by opening a brokerage account or IRA at www.zionsdirect.com
Bid in our Auctions:
Participate in our fixed-income security auctions with no commissions or mark-ups charged by Zions Direct at www.auctions.zionsdirect.com

DISCUSSION: Northern Cape municipality debt

Municipalities in the Northern Cape are struggling to balance their books as debt to service providers continues to rocket.
Debts to Eskom and water boards are...

Municipalities in the Northern Cape are struggling to balance their books as debt to service providers continues to rocket.
Debts to Eskom and water boards are currently escalating with the latest figures entering into hundreds of millions of Rands owed.
Some of the municipalities in the province, Magareng in Warrenton and Dikgatlong in Barkley West have not been able to service their water and electricity debts. This has led to enforced power and water interruptions at the various defaulting municipalities.
For more news, visit: sabcnews.com

Municipalities in the Northern Cape are struggling to balance their books as debt to service providers continues to rocket.
Debts to Eskom and water boards are currently escalating with the latest figures entering into hundreds of millions of Rands owed.
Some of the municipalities in the province, Magareng in Warrenton and Dikgatlong in Barkley West have not been able to service their water and electricity debts. This has led to enforced power and water interruptions at the various defaulting municipalities.
For more news, visit: sabcnews.com

Whether we're talking about corporate bonds, municipal bonds, government bonds or other types of bonds, the principle is simple: an entity requests a loan and a...

Whether we're talking about corporate bonds, municipal bonds, government bonds or other types of bonds, the principle is simple: an entity requests a loan and a lender is willing to offer money to the entity in question in exchange for interest (although in our current low to zero to negative interest environment, that part is debatable).
Through this one minute video, I've explained how the process works.
Please like, comment and subscribe if you've enjoyed the video.
To support the channel, give me a minute (see what I did there?) of your time by visiting OneMinuteEconomics.com and reading my message.
Bitcoin donations can be sent to 1AFYgM8Cmiiu5HjcXaP5aS1fEBJ5n3VDck and PayPal donations to oneminuteeconomics@gmail.com, any and all support is greatly appreciated!
Oh and I've also started playing around with Patreon, my link is:
https://www.patreon.com/oneminuteeconomics
Interested in reading a good book?
My first book, Wealth Management2.0 (through which I do my best to help people manage their wealth properly, whether we're talking about someone who has a huge amount of money at his disposal or someone who is still living paycheck to paycheck), can be bought using the links below:
Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/Wealth-Management-2-0-Financial-Professionals-ebook/dp/B01I1WA2BK
Barnes & Noble - http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/wealth-management-20-andrei-polgar/1124435282?ean=2940153328942
iBooks (Apple) - https://itun.es/us/wYSveb.l
Kobo - https://store.kobobooks.com/en-us/ebook/wealth-management-2-0
My second book, the Wall Street Journal and USA Today bestseller The Age of Anomaly (through which I help people prepare for financial calamities and become more financially resilient in general), can be bought using the links below.
Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/Age-Anomaly-Spotting-Financial-Uncertainty-ebook/dp/B078SYL5YS
Barnes & Noble - https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-age-of-anomaly-andrei-polgar/1127084693?ean=2940155383970
iBooks (Apple) - https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/age-anomaly-spotting-financial-storms-in-sea-uncertainty/id1331704265
Kobo - https://www.kobo.com/ww/en/ebook/the-age-of-anomaly-spotting-financial-storms-in-a-sea-of-uncertainty
Last but not least, if you'd like to follow me on social media, use one of the links below:
https://www.facebook.com/oneminuteeconomics
https://twitter.com/andreipolgar
https://ro.linkedin.com/in/andrei-polgar-9a11a561

Whether we're talking about corporate bonds, municipal bonds, government bonds or other types of bonds, the principle is simple: an entity requests a loan and a lender is willing to offer money to the entity in question in exchange for interest (although in our current low to zero to negative interest environment, that part is debatable).
Through this one minute video, I've explained how the process works.
Please like, comment and subscribe if you've enjoyed the video.
To support the channel, give me a minute (see what I did there?) of your time by visiting OneMinuteEconomics.com and reading my message.
Bitcoin donations can be sent to 1AFYgM8Cmiiu5HjcXaP5aS1fEBJ5n3VDck and PayPal donations to oneminuteeconomics@gmail.com, any and all support is greatly appreciated!
Oh and I've also started playing around with Patreon, my link is:
https://www.patreon.com/oneminuteeconomics
Interested in reading a good book?
My first book, Wealth Management2.0 (through which I do my best to help people manage their wealth properly, whether we're talking about someone who has a huge amount of money at his disposal or someone who is still living paycheck to paycheck), can be bought using the links below:
Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/Wealth-Management-2-0-Financial-Professionals-ebook/dp/B01I1WA2BK
Barnes & Noble - http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/wealth-management-20-andrei-polgar/1124435282?ean=2940153328942
iBooks (Apple) - https://itun.es/us/wYSveb.l
Kobo - https://store.kobobooks.com/en-us/ebook/wealth-management-2-0
My second book, the Wall Street Journal and USA Today bestseller The Age of Anomaly (through which I help people prepare for financial calamities and become more financially resilient in general), can be bought using the links below.
Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/Age-Anomaly-Spotting-Financial-Uncertainty-ebook/dp/B078SYL5YS
Barnes & Noble - https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-age-of-anomaly-andrei-polgar/1127084693?ean=2940155383970
iBooks (Apple) - https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/age-anomaly-spotting-financial-storms-in-sea-uncertainty/id1331704265
Kobo - https://www.kobo.com/ww/en/ebook/the-age-of-anomaly-spotting-financial-storms-in-a-sea-of-uncertainty
Last but not least, if you'd like to follow me on social media, use one of the links below:
https://www.facebook.com/oneminuteeconomics
https://twitter.com/andreipolgar
https://ro.linkedin.com/in/andrei-polgar-9a11a561

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning & explanation

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning - GOVERNMENT DEBT definition - GOVERNMENT DEBT explanation.
Source: Wikipedia....

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning - GOVERNMENT DEBT definition - GOVERNMENT DEBT explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Government debt (also known as public interest, national debt and sovereign debt) is the debt owed by a central government. (In federal states, "government debt" may also refer to the debt of a state or provincial, municipal or local government.) By contrast, the annual "government deficit" refers to the difference between government receipts and spending in a single year.
A central government with its own currency can pay for its spending by creating money ex novo. In this instance, a government issues securities not to raise funds, but instead to remove excess bank reserves (caused by government spending that is higher than tax receipts) and '...create a shortage of reserves in the market so that the system as a whole must come to the Bank for liquidity.'
Governments create debt by issuing securities, government bonds and bills. Less creditworthy countries sometimes borrow directly from a supranational organization (e.g. the World Bank) or international financial institutions.
As the government draws its income from much of the population, government debt is an indirect debt of the taxpayers. Government debt can be categorized as internal debt (owed to lenders within the country) and external debt (owed to foreign lenders). Another common division of government debt is by duration until repayment is due. Short term debt is generally considered to be for one year or less, long term is for more than ten years. Medium term debt falls between these two boundaries. A broader definition of government debt may consider all government liabilities, including future pension payments and payments for goods and services the government has contracted but not yet paid.
Although a national government may choose to default for political reasons, lending to a national government in the country's own sovereign currency is generally considered "risk free" and is done at a so-called "risk-free interest rate." This is because the debt and interest can be repaid by raising tax receipts (either by economic growth or raising tax revenue), a reduction in spending, or by creating more money. However, it is widely considered that this would increase inflation and thus reduce the value of the invested capital (at least for debt not linked to inflation). This has happened many times throughout history, and a typical example of this is provided by Weimar Germany of the 1920s, which suffered from hyperinflation when the government massively printed money, because of its inability to pay the national debt deriving from the costs of World War I.
In practice, the market interest rate tends to be different for debts of different countries. An example is in borrowing by different European Union countries denominated in euros. Even though the currency is the same in each case, the yield required by the market is higher for some countries' debt than for others. This reflects the views of the market on the relative solvency of the various countries and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid. Further, there are historical examples where countries defaulted, i.e., refused to pay their debts, even when they had the ability of paying it with printed money. This is because printing money has other effects that the government may see as more problematic than defaulting.
A politically unstable state is anything but risk-free as it may—being sovereign—cease its payments. Examples of this phenomenon include Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries, which nullified its government debt seven times during a century, and revolutionary Russia of 1917 which refused to accept the responsibility for Imperial Russia's foreign debt. Another political risk is caused by external threats. It is mostly uncommon for invaders to accept responsibility for the national debt of the annexed state or that of an organization it considered as rebels. For example, all borrowings by the Confederate States of America were left unpaid after the American Civil War.

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning - GOVERNMENT DEBT definition - GOVERNMENT DEBT explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Government debt (also known as public interest, national debt and sovereign debt) is the debt owed by a central government. (In federal states, "government debt" may also refer to the debt of a state or provincial, municipal or local government.) By contrast, the annual "government deficit" refers to the difference between government receipts and spending in a single year.
A central government with its own currency can pay for its spending by creating money ex novo. In this instance, a government issues securities not to raise funds, but instead to remove excess bank reserves (caused by government spending that is higher than tax receipts) and '...create a shortage of reserves in the market so that the system as a whole must come to the Bank for liquidity.'
Governments create debt by issuing securities, government bonds and bills. Less creditworthy countries sometimes borrow directly from a supranational organization (e.g. the World Bank) or international financial institutions.
As the government draws its income from much of the population, government debt is an indirect debt of the taxpayers. Government debt can be categorized as internal debt (owed to lenders within the country) and external debt (owed to foreign lenders). Another common division of government debt is by duration until repayment is due. Short term debt is generally considered to be for one year or less, long term is for more than ten years. Medium term debt falls between these two boundaries. A broader definition of government debt may consider all government liabilities, including future pension payments and payments for goods and services the government has contracted but not yet paid.
Although a national government may choose to default for political reasons, lending to a national government in the country's own sovereign currency is generally considered "risk free" and is done at a so-called "risk-free interest rate." This is because the debt and interest can be repaid by raising tax receipts (either by economic growth or raising tax revenue), a reduction in spending, or by creating more money. However, it is widely considered that this would increase inflation and thus reduce the value of the invested capital (at least for debt not linked to inflation). This has happened many times throughout history, and a typical example of this is provided by Weimar Germany of the 1920s, which suffered from hyperinflation when the government massively printed money, because of its inability to pay the national debt deriving from the costs of World War I.
In practice, the market interest rate tends to be different for debts of different countries. An example is in borrowing by different European Union countries denominated in euros. Even though the currency is the same in each case, the yield required by the market is higher for some countries' debt than for others. This reflects the views of the market on the relative solvency of the various countries and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid. Further, there are historical examples where countries defaulted, i.e., refused to pay their debts, even when they had the ability of paying it with printed money. This is because printing money has other effects that the government may see as more problematic than defaulting.
A politically unstable state is anything but risk-free as it may—being sovereign—cease its payments. Examples of this phenomenon include Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries, which nullified its government debt seven times during a century, and revolutionary Russia of 1917 which refused to accept the responsibility for Imperial Russia's foreign debt. Another political risk is caused by external threats. It is mostly uncommon for invaders to accept responsibility for the national debt of the annexed state or that of an organization it considered as rebels. For example, all borrowings by the Confederate States of America were left unpaid after the American Civil War.

Municipal Violations: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

If you have money, committing a municipal violation may pose you a minor inconvenience. If you don’t, it can ruin your life.
Connect with Last Week Tonight onl...

If you have money, committing a municipal violation may pose you a minor inconvenience. If you don’t, it can ruin your life.
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight

If you have money, committing a municipal violation may pose you a minor inconvenience. If you don’t, it can ruin your life.
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight

Residents across the country experience high municipality debts

Many residents across the country continue to experience exorbitant municipality debts. Some are legitimate and some, mind boggling.
The wrong billing system co...

Many residents across the country continue to experience exorbitant municipality debts. Some are legitimate and some, mind boggling.
The wrong billing system continue to frustrate them and lawyers continue to be on their case. Why is there consistent incorrect billing and why are quiries not amicably resolved. Today we focus debt collection of defaulters and how its done for municipalities to recover the debt. Fikile Bili is a MunicipalityDebt Collector is in the studio.

Many residents across the country continue to experience exorbitant municipality debts. Some are legitimate and some, mind boggling.
The wrong billing system continue to frustrate them and lawyers continue to be on their case. Why is there consistent incorrect billing and why are quiries not amicably resolved. Today we focus debt collection of defaulters and how its done for municipalities to recover the debt. Fikile Bili is a MunicipalityDebt Collector is in the studio.

Rock Center | Restructuring Sovereign Debt in the 21st Century

The StanfordRock Center hosted a discussion on sovereign debt restructuring with two leading experts in the field: Lee C. Buchheit and Benjamin Hébert.
Mr. Bu...

The StanfordRock Center hosted a discussion on sovereign debt restructuring with two leading experts in the field: Lee C. Buchheit and Benjamin Hébert.
Mr. Buchheit described where the law stands after the New York courts’ interpretation of the pari passu clause in NML Capital v. Argentina. He also outlined the contractual provisions introduced in sovereign bond documentation in response to this ruling, as well as potential restructuring strategies that sovereigns could use in the future to successfully restructure their debts.
GSBProfessor Hébert discussed his research, conducted with his HBS colleague Jesse Schreger, that estimates the causal effect of sovereign default on the equity returns of Argentine firms.

The StanfordRock Center hosted a discussion on sovereign debt restructuring with two leading experts in the field: Lee C. Buchheit and Benjamin Hébert.
Mr. Buchheit described where the law stands after the New York courts’ interpretation of the pari passu clause in NML Capital v. Argentina. He also outlined the contractual provisions introduced in sovereign bond documentation in response to this ruling, as well as potential restructuring strategies that sovereigns could use in the future to successfully restructure their debts.
GSBProfessor Hébert discussed his research, conducted with his HBS colleague Jesse Schreger, that estimates the causal effect of sovereign default on the equity returns of Argentine firms.

A debt-free Municipality

This video is produced for Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (sector) Project of LGED with the financial assistance of GIZ under GUG program on be...

This video is produced for Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (sector) Project of LGED with the financial assistance of GIZ under GUG program on behalf of Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. This video presents how a municipality became debt-free. There were many liabilities of Chandpur Pourashava during 2008-09 period including arear electric & telephone bill, BMDF loan, staff benefits etc. The newMunicipal council under the leadership of Mayor took the issue of liabilities as a challenge.
The Municipal management identified the sector of debts and side by side tried to find strategies to increase income like holding tax, non-tax revenues, tariff etc. Municipal management took immediate crush program to increase the above income. As a result the PS had tremendously increased their income from holding tax and other taxes and also from non-tax revenue. Now the municipality is completely debt free and financially solvent.
Currently dissemination of this practice to other municipalities is going on through horizontal learning program aiming for replication and creation of new good practices by themselves

This video is produced for Urban Governance and Infrastructure Improvement (sector) Project of LGED with the financial assistance of GIZ under GUG program on behalf of Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. This video presents how a municipality became debt-free. There were many liabilities of Chandpur Pourashava during 2008-09 period including arear electric & telephone bill, BMDF loan, staff benefits etc. The newMunicipal council under the leadership of Mayor took the issue of liabilities as a challenge.
The Municipal management identified the sector of debts and side by side tried to find strategies to increase income like holding tax, non-tax revenues, tariff etc. Municipal management took immediate crush program to increase the above income. As a result the PS had tremendously increased their income from holding tax and other taxes and also from non-tax revenue. Now the municipality is completely debt free and financially solvent.
Currently dissemination of this practice to other municipalities is going on through horizontal learning program aiming for replication and creation of new good practices by themselves

Types of Debt Securities

Discover different types of debt instruments, including Government securities, Government agencies, municipal bonds, and corporate bonds. This educational video is part of Zions DirectUniversity's Beginner series.
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DISCUSSION: Northern Cape municipality debt

Municipalities in the Northern Cape are struggling to balance their books as debt to service providers continues to rocket.
Debts to Eskom and water boards are currently escalating with the latest figures entering into hundreds of millions of Rands owed.
Some of the municipalities in the province, Magareng in Warrenton and Dikgatlong in Barkley West have not been able to service their water and electricity debts. This has led to enforced power and water interruptions at the various defaulting municipalities.
For more news, visit: sabcnews.com

Whether we're talking about corporate bonds, municipal bonds, government bonds or other types of bonds, the principle is simple: an entity requests a loan and a lender is willing to offer money to the entity in question in exchange for interest (although in our current low to zero to negative interest environment, that part is debatable).
Through this one minute video, I've explained how the process works.
Please like, comment and subscribe if you've enjoyed the video.
To support the channel, give me a minute (see what I did there?) of your time by visiting OneMinuteEconomics.com and reading my message.
Bitcoin donations can be sent to 1AFYgM8Cmiiu5HjcXaP5aS1fEBJ5n3VDck and PayPal donations to oneminuteeconomics@gmail.com, any and all support is greatly appreciated!
Oh and I've also started playing around with Patreon, my link is:
https://www.patreon.com/oneminuteeconomics
Interested in reading a good book?
My first book, Wealth Management2.0 (through which I do my best to help people manage their wealth properly, whether we're talking about someone who has a huge amount of money at his disposal or someone who is still living paycheck to paycheck), can be bought using the links below:
Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/Wealth-Management-2-0-Financial-Professionals-ebook/dp/B01I1WA2BK
Barnes & Noble - http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/wealth-management-20-andrei-polgar/1124435282?ean=2940153328942
iBooks (Apple) - https://itun.es/us/wYSveb.l
Kobo - https://store.kobobooks.com/en-us/ebook/wealth-management-2-0
My second book, the Wall Street Journal and USA Today bestseller The Age of Anomaly (through which I help people prepare for financial calamities and become more financially resilient in general), can be bought using the links below.
Amazon - https://www.amazon.com/Age-Anomaly-Spotting-Financial-Uncertainty-ebook/dp/B078SYL5YS
Barnes & Noble - https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-age-of-anomaly-andrei-polgar/1127084693?ean=2940155383970
iBooks (Apple) - https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/age-anomaly-spotting-financial-storms-in-sea-uncertainty/id1331704265
Kobo - https://www.kobo.com/ww/en/ebook/the-age-of-anomaly-spotting-financial-storms-in-a-sea-of-uncertainty
Last but not least, if you'd like to follow me on social media, use one of the links below:
https://www.facebook.com/oneminuteeconomics
https://twitter.com/andreipolgar
https://ro.linkedin.com/in/andrei-polgar-9a11a561

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning & explanation

What is GOVERNMENT DEBT? What does GOVERNMENT DEBT mean? GOVERNMENT DEBT meaning - GOVERNMENT DEBT definition - GOVERNMENT DEBT explanation.
Source: Wikipedia.org article, adapted under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ license.
Government debt (also known as public interest, national debt and sovereign debt) is the debt owed by a central government. (In federal states, "government debt" may also refer to the debt of a state or provincial, municipal or local government.) By contrast, the annual "government deficit" refers to the difference between government receipts and spending in a single year.
A central government with its own currency can pay for its spending by creating money ex novo. In this instance, a government issues securities not to raise funds, but instead to remove excess bank reserves (caused by government spending that is higher than tax receipts) and '...create a shortage of reserves in the market so that the system as a whole must come to the Bank for liquidity.'
Governments create debt by issuing securities, government bonds and bills. Less creditworthy countries sometimes borrow directly from a supranational organization (e.g. the World Bank) or international financial institutions.
As the government draws its income from much of the population, government debt is an indirect debt of the taxpayers. Government debt can be categorized as internal debt (owed to lenders within the country) and external debt (owed to foreign lenders). Another common division of government debt is by duration until repayment is due. Short term debt is generally considered to be for one year or less, long term is for more than ten years. Medium term debt falls between these two boundaries. A broader definition of government debt may consider all government liabilities, including future pension payments and payments for goods and services the government has contracted but not yet paid.
Although a national government may choose to default for political reasons, lending to a national government in the country's own sovereign currency is generally considered "risk free" and is done at a so-called "risk-free interest rate." This is because the debt and interest can be repaid by raising tax receipts (either by economic growth or raising tax revenue), a reduction in spending, or by creating more money. However, it is widely considered that this would increase inflation and thus reduce the value of the invested capital (at least for debt not linked to inflation). This has happened many times throughout history, and a typical example of this is provided by Weimar Germany of the 1920s, which suffered from hyperinflation when the government massively printed money, because of its inability to pay the national debt deriving from the costs of World War I.
In practice, the market interest rate tends to be different for debts of different countries. An example is in borrowing by different European Union countries denominated in euros. Even though the currency is the same in each case, the yield required by the market is higher for some countries' debt than for others. This reflects the views of the market on the relative solvency of the various countries and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid. Further, there are historical examples where countries defaulted, i.e., refused to pay their debts, even when they had the ability of paying it with printed money. This is because printing money has other effects that the government may see as more problematic than defaulting.
A politically unstable state is anything but risk-free as it may—being sovereign—cease its payments. Examples of this phenomenon include Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries, which nullified its government debt seven times during a century, and revolutionary Russia of 1917 which refused to accept the responsibility for Imperial Russia's foreign debt. Another political risk is caused by external threats. It is mostly uncommon for invaders to accept responsibility for the national debt of the annexed state or that of an organization it considered as rebels. For example, all borrowings by the Confederate States of America were left unpaid after the American Civil War.

Municipal Violations: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO)

If you have money, committing a municipal violation may pose you a minor inconvenience. If you don’t, it can ruin your life.
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight
Connect with Last Week Tonight online...
Subscribe to the Last Week Tonight YouTube channel for more almost news as it almost happens: www.youtube.com/user/LastWeekTonight
Find Last Week Tonight on Facebook like your mom would:
http://Facebook.com/LastWeekTonight
Follow us on Twitter for news about jokes and jokes about news:
http://Twitter.com/LastWeekTonight
Visit our official site for all that other stuff at once:
http://www.hbo.com/lastweektonight

Residents across the country experience high municipality debts

Many residents across the country continue to experience exorbitant municipality debts. Some are legitimate and some, mind boggling.
The wrong billing system continue to frustrate them and lawyers continue to be on their case. Why is there consistent incorrect billing and why are quiries not amicably resolved. Today we focus debt collection of defaulters and how its done for municipalities to recover the debt. Fikile Bili is a MunicipalityDebt Collector is in the studio.

Rock Center | Restructuring Sovereign Debt in the 21st Century

The StanfordRock Center hosted a discussion on sovereign debt restructuring with two leading experts in the field: Lee C. Buchheit and Benjamin Hébert.
Mr. Buchheit described where the law stands after the New York courts’ interpretation of the pari passu clause in NML Capital v. Argentina. He also outlined the contractual provisions introduced in sovereign bond documentation in response to this ruling, as well as potential restructuring strategies that sovereigns could use in the future to successfully restructure their debts.
GSBProfessor Hébert discussed his research, conducted with his HBS colleague Jesse Schreger, that estimates the causal effect of sovereign default on the equity returns of Argentine firms.

Municipality

A municipality is usually an urban administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction. The term municipality is also used to mean the governing, ruling body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The term is derived from French "municipalité" and Latin "municipalis".

The English word "Municipality" derives from the Latin social contract "municipium", meaning duty holders, referring to the Latin communities that supplied Rome with troops in exchange for their own incorporation into the Roman state (granting Roman citizenship to the inhabitants) while permitting the communities to retain their own local governments (a limited autonomy).

Brian Ligon, City of Mont Belvieu spokesman, explained council was advised by financial consultants to use a 20-year issuance for future debt, not the 10-year ones they have used in the past. “The 20-year ones are common with municipal entities, and we’ve been advised it would have no effect on the tax rate,” Ligon said....

“Citizen access to public records is the law of the land in all U.S ... www.nfoic.org/ ... Do you want to know what your city and county spend on police, fire, debt service, sewage system treatment, water works, health, council payroll, municipal court program funds, general fund, miscellaneous, and other expenses? Visit www.ohiocheckbook.com/ ... ....

As minister Zweli Mkhize attempts to broker a cabinet-sanctioned deal to break the impasse, the amount owed to Eskom by defaulting municipalities has ballooned to R17bn at the end of September ...Municipaldebt is growing exponentially ... The debt crisis has exacerbated Eskom’s weak financial position as it struggles to regain a sustainable footing....

[Economy Lecture] L2/P1: Debt securities: Credit R...

Rock Center | Restructuring Sovereign Debt in the ...

A debt-free Municipality...

Latest News for: municipal debts

Brian Ligon, City of Mont Belvieu spokesman, explained council was advised by financial consultants to use a 20-year issuance for future debt, not the 10-year ones they have used in the past. “The 20-year ones are common with municipal entities, and we’ve been advised it would have no effect on the tax rate,” Ligon said....

“Citizen access to public records is the law of the land in all U.S ... www.nfoic.org/ ... Do you want to know what your city and county spend on police, fire, debt service, sewage system treatment, water works, health, council payroll, municipal court program funds, general fund, miscellaneous, and other expenses? Visit www.ohiocheckbook.com/ ... ....

As minister Zweli Mkhize attempts to broker a cabinet-sanctioned deal to break the impasse, the amount owed to Eskom by defaulting municipalities has ballooned to R17bn at the end of September ...Municipaldebt is growing exponentially ... The debt crisis has exacerbated Eskom’s weak financial position as it struggles to regain a sustainable footing....

The Portfolio Committee on Public Enterprises heard that there are talks taking place on the possible wipe-out of the R18 billion municipaldebt owed to Eskom by municipalities... who will have their debt wiped out as there are municipalities who have kept their payment commitments....

"If the municipalities were to pay their outstanding debt alone, Eskom would have reported positive profits of at least R10 billion in the last financial year and there would not be any talks of bloating and restructuring." ... The government must pay the outstanding municipality bills....

... aspect," Mkhize said while briefing Parliament's standing committee on public accounts on the work of an advisory panel established to look into the systemic problem of municipalitiesdebt owed to Eskom and water boards for bulk electricity and water provision....

We have highlighted the Mainstay McKay Municipal Fund (MMD) a few times in the past. Another GreatOpportunity In A MunicipalCEFA 5.62% Tax-Free Yield (10% Tax-Equivalent) On SaleToday... The default rates for lower-quality municipaldebt is still much lower than that of their corporate taxable counterparts ... investment grade municipals....

municipal bond insurer and the company has made steady progress the last few years in increasing its new business production ...municipal bonds, AGO has once again built an attractive market with non-U.S ... Under the Constitution of Puerto Rico, GO debt must be paid before all other expenses....

... to stem overall population loss or to strengthen a tax base needed to support looming debt and pension obligations ... The city's historic bankruptcy, the largest Chapter 9 case in American history, eased substantially Detroit's municipaldebt burden and reduced its fixed costs....

Of further attraction for us was that the power purchase agreements were being signed by investment-grade counterparties, usually the utilities or municipalities... We financed at the project level with self-amortizing, nonrecourse debt ... The investment overall totals $2.1 billion, including the project debt that we'll be assuming....