Rapid and Decisive Solution of the World Energy Crisis and Global Warming

Transcription

1 Rapid and Decisive Solution of the World Energy Crisis and Global Warming T. E. Bearden Dec Foreword The Problem: The present energy paradigm that one must almost always consume fuel { 1 } and dirtily provide EM energy and power has failed. Applying it has caused and thus cannot solve (a) the escalating world fuel crisis (b) hence the escalating energy crisis, and (c) its accompanying and escalating global warming, climate change, and biospheric pollution crises. Catastrophic national economic collapses and more intensive global changes { 2 } are looming with additional severe drought and water shortages, and increasing changes and violence in climate and weather. Yet the worldwide demand for energy rapidly escalates while the world s fuel shortage is also rapidly increasing. Worldwide there is a century of investment in the present totally inadequate electric power structures, grids, and systems. These must somehow be altered so as to be clean, but then can still be used, since their financial replacement costs are just not possible. Most energy is presently obtained by dirty methods { 3 }. Hence as energy production increases, so do harmful combustion byproducts, nuclear wastes, and biospheric contamination as well as global warming. This is totally because of (a) the present obsolete energy paradigm and (b) the abject failure of our scientific community to change it. Climate changes are already starting { 4 } { 5 } { 6 }, and moving much swifter than expected { 7 }. By 2030, the combination of these factors will increasingly spell worldwide economic and biospheric chaos if the present dirty energy paradigm continues to be followed. Eventually the collapse of Western Civilization itself may loom as a possibility. Summary of the Problem (1) Most of our EM energy production also produces lots of dirt in the process of obtaining the energy. (2) The solution has to be to produce our EM energy without producing dirt at all. (3) Other than small contributions by wind, hydro, geothermal, and solar power, presently there is no really clean energy process in widespread usage { 8 }. (4) Science has no truly effective way to clean the dirt (or dispose of it) that is produced to get the energy, even if we catch the dirt and hold it. Catching carbon byproducts from the combustion of coal, e.g., and then calling for sequestration does not get rid of the dirt. Putting the carbon dirt in the ocean merely acidifies the ocean (its acidity is already beginning to harm and kill ocean life forms) and eventually puts it right back into the atmosphere again { 9 }. (5) The central problem is: We presently produce most of our EM energy by simultaneously producing harmful dirt that we simply cannot render harmless. (6) The only real solution is: We must produce all the EM energy we need, cheaply and cleanly, essentially without the production of any dirt at all. 1

2 (7) Ironically, all EM energy is already produced cleanly from the vacuum via the source dipolarity of the generating system itself. It is not produced by consuming fuel to crank the shaft of the generator, although a hundred years of electrical engineers and professors have taught and been falsely taught that it is { 10 }. So burning the hydrocarbon fuel or consuming nuclear fuel rods has nothing to do with the direct production of EM energy { 11 }. (8) Hence the specific problem is to catch and use the free EM energy flowing from its universal vacuum source, without consuming fuel and without cranking the shaft of the generator and without depending on the wind, sun, or water. Any dipole already does exactly this, because of its proven broken symmetry known since 1957 and the award of the Nobel Prize to Lee and Yang { 12 }. (9) This now surfaces the real problem: Our electrical engineering process has to be doing something diabolical that deliberately forces each and every EM energy system to destroy its source dipolarity faster than it powers its load. Otherwise, no further physical input of mechanical shaft energy to the generator would be necessary, once we had initially forced the generator to form its own internal source dipole { 13 }. Instead, the EM energy would flow freely and forever from the sustained dipole, without ever another cranking of the generator shaft. Facts Bearing on the Problem: (1) One does not have to consume fuel in order to obtain energy! Spacetime/vacuum itself is the greatest energetic source in the universe, with more energy in a cubic centimeter of space than the Earth consumes in a million years { 14 } { 15 }. (2) Modern physics proves that the energetic vacuum indeed has this high energy activity, and that it (the active vacuum) continuously interacts with every charge { 16 } (magnetic or electric) in the universe, freely and continuously providing the normal EM fields and all their EM energy. (3) Yet our energy models such as the more than a century-old and crippled electrical engineering (EE) model still falsely assume an inert spacetime/vacuum environment. (4) The archaic, seriously flawed 1880s/1890s electrical engineering model { 17 } is thus a and perhaps the major cause of the escalating world energy problem, although this fact is completely ignored. (5) Every observable joule of observable EM energy in the universe including in every EM system and circuit is (and has always been) directly extracted from the seething virtual state vacuum via the broken symmetry of the system s internal source dipolarity { 18 }. (6) Every simple piece (few inches) of copper wire, lying on the shelf alone, with no circuit current running in it, involves enormous ongoing energy and power sufficient to power a major nation if it were tapped { 19 }. (7) Since the archaic old EE model was formed in the 1880s and 1890s, modern physics including special and general relativity, quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, gauge field theory, quantum field theory, and particle physics has been born and developed. Physics has made a century of progress since the old EE model was frozen in Modern physics assures us that the vacuum/spacetime has enormous energy, and that it continually interacts with 2

3 every charge in a circuit, system, and the universe, continually exchanging enormous even mind-boggling energy with it. Indeed, all forces in all our systems are produced by the interaction and exchange of virtual particles of the vacuum { 20 }. (8) The EE s term for potentialization (as, to potentialize a circuit), actually means to form a potential gradient in the local vacuum dynamics { 21 } in which that circuit is embedded { 22 }. In turn, that alters the ongoing interaction of that vacuum with the circuit charges { 23 }, thereby freely collecting in the circuit (on the free charges q) the potential energy W given by W = Vq. All that is needed to collect the necessary potential energy on the charges in a given circuit is to independently supply the voltage. This can be done absolutely work-free while current is deliberately pinned and kept zero during the brief potentializing process. (9) To correct the horribly flawed EE problem, the escalating world energy problem, and the escalating global warming and climate-changing problem, physicists in several disciplines not just EEs and environmental scientists must be directly involved. Trying to use electrical engineers to solve the problem that their own discipline and model create in the first place is utterly useless. (10) Eminent scientists including Nobelists such as Feynman have pointed out the major EE falsities { 24 }, but to no avail. The scientific leadership has no intention of correcting that terrible 1880s EE model {17}. (11) So a major Manhattan Project with maximum effort is required to quickly and forcibly give us a dramatic new replacement of the old paradigm { 25 } { 26 }. (12) Since the present scientific establishment adamantly refuses to correct the sadly flawed old 1880s/1890s classical electrodynamics model { 27 }, the new project must be powerfully ordered and controlled from above the scientific orthodoxy { 28 }, as was the Manhattan Project in WW II. We shall have to force our scientists to do science! A highly concentrated project is required. (13) Such a concentrated project is doable in a very few years (about five or six), just as the Manhattan Project demonstrated historically. There we went from almost a zero start to a fully operational atomic bomb, in about 5 years { 29 }. We can do the same thing now for the energy crisis if we implement such a crash program. (14) We also advance a proven but novel mechanism negative resonance absorption of the medium or NRAM which can be rapidly adapted to produce self-powering heat amplifiers { 30 }, to be applied to electrical power plant steam boilers worldwide to make the boilers self-heating. This will dramatically reduce combustion byproducts and nuclear wastes world-wide almost immediately, while capitalizing on the huge sunk costs in almost all our present major electrical power systems { 31 } { 32 } { 33 } { 34 }. (15) We advance another novel mechanism, whereby one deliberately uses negative EM energy (obtained by using sharp gradients to provoke Dirac holes in the local interacting vacuum) in one s circuits { 35 }. If a flow of negative EM energy passes down a conductor into an impedance in series, then the active vacuum medium freely inserts additional negative energy into that impedance, so that along the conductive path leaving the impedance there is a greater flow of negative energy 3

4 out of the impedance and along the flow path, than the negative energy the operator inputs into it from the input side. (16) A set of such amplifying impedances in series along a negative energy flow path can provide as much negative energy flow from the active vacuum as one wishes (or is able to control by the state of the technology at the time) starting from a single flashlight battery powering a very small negative energy source { 36 }. (17) Bedini has been using this effect in his battery chargers for 20 years, with excellent results and proof of COP>1.0. With positive energy flow, an impedance produces a scattering of energy from the flow into the external environment hence is a system loss and the energy is dissipated (from the circuit path out into the environment) from the system. With negative energy flow, an impedance produces/receives a free gathering of additional input negative energy from the active vacuum, and so negative energy flow is freely gained by the circuit and system due to the free input from the active environment. In short, the dissipation is then from the external vacuum environment into the impedance and therefore into the system as a system gain, whereas with normal positive energy the dissipation is out of the system and back into the external environment as a system loss. (18) Indeed, working, experimentally tested, independently replicated, and proven Bedini free energy systems are available now and are already in limited production and marketing { 37 } { 38 }. At least a dozen other systems such as selfpowering permanent magnet motors are also available from Bedini, requiring only the funding for a little further production engineering and then dramatic production and marketing. (19) From other researchers and research groups worldwide, other systems still in the bench demonstrator category are also available for more extensive R&D completion and then for production and deployment { 39 }. Solution Required: (1) We need a prompt and massive shift to a new energy paradigm that provides the necessary energy without consumption of fuel, taking the energy freely from the energetic vacuum/spacetime and thus producing no dirt. (2) We must have it and implement it as rapidly as is humanly possible. (3) Electrical engineering already deliberately excludes the new paradigm { 40 }. (4) It is not an electrical engineering problem, but a physics problem { 41 } { 42 }. (5) The new paradigm shift must also be economically frugal, and it can be { 43 }. (6) Bits and pieces of the suitable new paradigm are available in the various compartments of physics, primarily needing combining and finishing { 44 }. (7) We urgently need a Manhattan-type energy from the vacuum project to produce and implement the new energy paradigm area. We need it now. Advantages That Accrue: (1) There are known but ignored legitimate prototype COP>1.0 solutions already available worldwide, but rather rigorously suppressed { 45 } { 46 }. These can be substantially funded for their more rapid completion. 4

5 (2) With the proper crash program we will quickly get clean, cheap, economical solutions to the world energy crisis at all levels { 47 }. (3) We will get prompt, dramatic reduction in (a) global warming emissions etc., (b) nuclear wastes production and storage, and (c) present harmful pollution and despoiling of the biosphere { 48 }. (4) We will get prompt, dramatic reduction in (a) burning of fossil fuels, (b) consumption of nuclear fuel rods, and (c) production of harmful wastes (nuclear and other contaminants) by specially adapting most power plants already on site, including nuclear power plants {48}. (5) We will also get dramatic solutions for curing and reversing most present medical diseases as well, including those now considered incurable and also including the major debilitation effects of aging. This will follow from the development of precursor engineering and production of the proven Fogal semiconductor, in the latter program of the Manhattan-type Project. (6) Practical antigravity systems and space propulsion systems will be made possible very quickly { 49 }. This follows from developing systems as Bedini has done that use negative energy (which Tesla discovered and called radiant energy ). (7) Instant noise-free communications will be available almost immediately { 50 } using the Fogal chip { 51 } and the beginning of the very novel precursor engineering that it accomplishes. A description of the functioning of the Fogal chip is given in the seventh program of this Solutions paper. (8) With the final program (precursor engineering) we also get the ability to engineer mind and life { 52 }, and indeed we engineer spacetime/vacuum and its structuring and dynamics { 53 } { 54 }. (9) With precursor engineering, we gain the ability to directly engineer reality itself, dramatically extending the present standard scientific method which uses models fitted to experimental observation only and is thus limited { 55 }. (10) Under rigorous independent laboratory tests, when idled at light loading, the Fogal semiconductor {51} has already demonstrated its ability to settle into precursor engineering and engineer the energetic vacuum/spacetime directly { 56 }. Nonetheless, Fogal and his chip have been resoundingly suppressed for nearly two decades. Requirements for Deploying a Solution to the Energy Crisis: (1) The source of energy in the new paradigm must be from a new and clean aspect of the active environment from spacetime itself. (2) The source must be ubiquitous, inexhaustible, and clean. It must be applicable and available to homes, factories, cities, automobiles, airplanes, ships, electric power systems, propulsion systems, etc. (3) Extracting and using the energy must also be cheap, simple, and clean. (4) The new power systems should be self-powered by the energetic environment, analogous to a windmill-driven generator or a solar cell array, taking their EM energy input wind freely from this new environmental energy source. (5) Once the system is built and deployed, self-powering should be automatic and free, by adding use of clamped positive feedback. As with any other technical system, minimal normal maintenance and upkeep is expected and permissible. 5

6 (6) Ideally there should be no harmful emission byproducts such as CO 2 and nuclear wastes { 57 } at all. (7) Carbon sequestration (a special form of environmental pollution) must not be required, so CO 2 emissions must not occur. (8) Altering and adapting the dirty-powering of the established centralized electrical power systems and grids of the U.S. and other nations to clean-powering is the first and highest priority requirement. (9) Altering and adapting the powering of automobiles, trucks, trains, ships, aircraft, etc. is the second highest requirement. (10) Instead of initial total replacement, the present centralized electrical power systems must be quickly adapted, dramatically cleaned up, and their sunk costs capitalized upon, while the other new, clean power systems are being developed and phased in over time. An Example Indicator: (1) It is ridiculously easy and cheap to evoke a steady, free flow of real EM energy, anywhere, anytime. This free EM energy wind flow will last forever if its simple source is left undisturbed. (2) One way is to simply lay an electret on a permanent magnet, so that the electret s E-field is orthogonal to the H-field of the magnet. Then just leave it alone. (3) By every present EE textbook s Poynting energy flow theory, that silly gadget will sit there and freely and steadily pour out a real Poynting energy flow S, given by the simple equation S = E H. If the gadget remains unmolested, it will freely and unceasingly pour out real, usable Poynting EM energy until the end of time. (4) So getting a cheap, absolutely clean, unending EM energy wind is easy. (5) But to use some of it freely (as a windmill freely uses the wind), one must build an asymmetric system a priori. (6) The problem is that our electrical engineers since 1892 have used a deliberatelycrippled, symmetrized model. It does not allow an asymmetrical EM system to be built, but requires that only symmetrical EM systems be built { 58 } { 59 }. (7) Hence the electrical power engineer does not even understand how to build a proper electrical windmill to catch and utilize the free EM energy of that wind from the vacuum/spacetime because such a system is asymmetrical a priori, and is totally excluded from the EE s theoretical model and from his thinking. (8) The free flow of real EM energy wind from the gadget is being extracted directly from the virtual state vacuum by the broken symmetry of each of the two dipoles { 60 }. (9) If the arbitrary symmetrization of the Heaviside equations done by Lorentz in 1892 at the bidding of J. P. Morgan is eliminated, there is already rigorous proof in the hard physics literature that such free energy currents from the vacuum become available and are now usable by the proper asymmetric system {42}. Hence COP>1.0 EM systems are made feasible and practicable. (10) By removing the artificial Lorentz symmetrization and again including the asymmetrical systems contained in Maxwell s original model {40}, one is then free to design and build proper EM windmill systems. Such a system can collect 6

7 some of the free EM wind energy from our silly gadget and then separately dissipate the collected free EM potential energy to power loads for free. (11) It is also possible to input a certain amount of energy to a subsystem of a bigger system of multiple such subsystems, and have that energy do more work in joules than the energy input by the operator. Electrical power engineers do not seem to understand this at all, and even many thermodynamicists do not understand it. But it is true. There is a conservation of energy law, but there is not a conservation of work law { 61 }. (12) It is not necessary to burn a single gallon of oil, a liter of coal, or consume any nuclear fuel rods in order to obtain all the usable EM energy one wishes cheaply, cleanly, anytime, anywhere { 62 }. The result is a dramatic reversal of the present contaminating and global-warming electrical power technology to self-powering, clean, economical systems that are fuel-free or almost entirely fuel-free. (13) Seven typical programs are listed which should be part of the intense Manhattan project to be launched. Others such as solid state self-powering batteries {46} may be added readily, but the seven listed will suffice to do the job quickly, cleanly, and inexpensively. 7

8 RECOMMENDED MANHATTAN PROJECT: EXAMPLE PROGRAMS Introduction We note that others such as Nobelist Gore {25} are calling for a Manhattan Project to solve the global climate warming, pollution, and escalating energy problem. However, most of our political leaders fed by our scientific community which has its head firmly buried in the sand in the ostrich position still are thinking only in terms of the standard paradigm the very one that has already failed so miserably. As an example, see the 2006 report { 63 } that the President s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) provided to President Bush and observe its severe limitations and total omission of energy-from-the-vacuum systems, even though every joule of observable EM energy in every EM field and circuit and system in the universe is and has been extracted directly from the seething vacuum via the broken symmetry of the source dipolarity. The blunt truth is that PCAST itself has no inkling of what really powers an electrical circuit! It is not cranking the shaft of the generator, because that only restores the source dipole and its broken symmetry (that the silly symmetrical systems built by our EEs destroy faster than the systems power their loads). To prove it, in one of the seven recommended programs we reveal how to extract and use all the real EM energy one wishes, from any very cheap static voltage source that is never depleted. To show the nature of what has to be done to tackle and solve the energy and climate problems, and to develop a new technology of energy from the vacuum systems, here is an elementary example of the several parts of one fundamental requirement: (1) There has to be developed a major math model. It must be fitted to a very large number of phenomenology experiments in everything from quantum field theory, gauge field theory, particle physics, higher group symmetry electrodynamics, etc. that encompass the vacuum energy interaction phenomenology met with when the EFTV system is asymmetric. There is no such model today, and producing one is a truly major scientific task in multiple physics disciplines (quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, gauge field theory, quantum field theory, etc.). We would estimate this task as an initial $50 million task to yield a minimally satisfactory initial model as a starter. Obviously, however, the task should continue and be further funded as the rest of the Manhattan Project programs continue, since it supports them all and since its refinement is necessary if we are to develop a fitted technology. (2) The new model has to encompass the differences encountered in different locations (due to difference in arrangement of the charged matter, its atoms, nuclei etc. and thus to the differences in the local vacuum interactions from place to place. 8

9 (3) The fitting to the differences must also be extended to electronic parts. E.g., in an EFTV COP>1.0 asymmetric system, a capacitor (certain size, certain rating) made in China may react differently in a given local vacuum area, from the same capacitor made in India. Symmetrical systems rule this out because they self-cancel the differences in the vacuum interactions, deliberately enforcing the net interaction to be zero but asymmetrical systems do not. In fact, such systems have to include it in the model, because it is directly experienced in real life for such systems. (4) This task alone (formulating and fitting a new model) is a many-million dollar effort, requiring several different specialists in various compartments of physics (quantum field theory, gauge field theory, particle physics, etc.) along with many thousands of carefully designed and controlled phenomenology experiments, changing as the model develops and improves slowly. The team of specialists and experimentalists also has to re-insert negative energy (arbitrarily and improperly discarded by Dirac and others as shown by Solomon etc.), and work all that out as well. (5) They also have to do a complete retranslation of the 1880s/1890s lingo of normal electrical engineering to modern physics terms and concepts. E.g., to potentialize a circuit is an erroneous concept. What is actually done is to potentialize the local vacuum (change one or more constituent potentials and its/their dynamics, comprising the local vacuum) in which the circuit is embedded, so that there is a difference in potential (energy density of the ongoing vacuum interaction with a standard charge) between the high side of the external circuit and the low or ground side of it. This means there is a difference in the ongoing interaction (between vacuum and charge) in the top of the circuit versus in the bottom of the circuit. This spatial difference in the ongoing vacuum interactions (top and bottom) is what is actually produced by potentializing the external circuit. In short, we must also spell out the vacuum engineering processes. (6) Similarly, the astounding errors in the hoary old electrical engineering model pointed out by Nobelists such as Feynman and others must be corrected. A listing of these known falsities and errors in the CEM/EE model has been given by the present author {17}. That horribly flawed old model presently taken as the holy gospel is what must be corrected and severely updated and expanded to include the asymmetrical Maxwellian systems that it presently artificially excludes. (7) Presently most scientists and engineers keep thinking (from our century-old singularized symmetrical circuits and applications experience with the highly crippled but well-fitted electrical engineering model) that asymmetrical EFTV COP>1.0 EM systems are simple. In that odd and ill-informed view, if an EFTV inventor really has it and knows what he is doing, then all he has to do is run down to Radio Shack, get some standard parts (fitted to the self-enforced symmetrical system case only) and whomp them together, and then he s ready to put his system or systems directly into production and marketing. That entire prevailing viewpoint is a colossal joke. If it were that simple, our sharp young doctoral candidates and post doctoral scientists at our leading universities would have done all this about 80 years ago. They didn t, and they haven t done it since then either. 9

10 (8) The problem is that what has failed is an old long-outdated and error-riddled energy paradigm dating from the 1880s and 1890s. We have to develop a completely new energy paradigm, not just whomp up a kit of parts in the old one. Because it self-enforces symmetrical Maxwellian systems, we already know that the old model arbitrarily eliminates all asymmetrical COP>1.0 EFTV Maxwellian systems. Conclusions Thus one sees the reason we are speaking of a Manhattan Project with very substantial funding (hundreds of millions of dollars) and competent and highly selected staffing. This is not just another exercise for some electrical engineers and the presently failed old EE electric power paradigm. Try finding a single EE textbook that simply lists and discusses the major assumptions in the present old CEM/EE model. There are none to my knowledge. Try finding a single EE textbook that discusses the significance and profound ramifications of Lorentz s 1892 symmetrization of the already sharply curtailed Heaviside equations (already only a pale subset of Maxwell s theory). There are none to my knowledge. Thus the major nature of the necessary program to correct the presently flawed and failed paradigm is obvious. In this paper, we outline merely what would be one such Manhattan-type program that would do the job. We do not discuss every potential COP>1.0 EFTV process or system; but we discuss the ones which (1) are absolutely necessary regardless of difficulty, (2) are already showing sufficient promise and progress to insure a very high probability of success, and (3) can be done in five years or less, assuming an all-out and well-funded and staffed program. PROGRAM I Convert Static Voltage to Any Amount of Electrical Power Required Program I will be the conversion of a static voltage (available world wide) from a simple static source to furnish (freely) any amount of electrical power desired. It is simple and very cheap to provide a static voltage source indeed, one may take the necessary source static voltage directly from the earth-electrosphere vertical voltage gradient anywhere and everywhere on Earth. This charged earth-to-electrosphere voltage gradient averages about 300,000 volts { 64 }. When standing, its voltage difference between one s head and one s foot may thus reach about 250 volts or even more. As a source for the proper asymmetric circuit or system, a static voltage can be made to potentialize the charges in a briefly-connected external circuit (or a great number of them) without drawing current. The freely-potentialized external circuit can then be disconnected from the source (with circuit charges still pinned and zero current), and its gap recompleted (as, e.g., by adding a diode and a resistor in series, with the diode oriented in the current pumped around the loop direction). This makes the freely potentialized external circuit complete again, but as a separate system entirely separated from the original static voltage source. 10

11 Once the separated external circuit is recompleted, its charges are allowed to come unpinned and current will flow in it, powering the load while the freely-potentialized circuit dissipates its potential energy. Then the process is iterated; the gap is re-opened and the static source is reconnected with the charges again pinned, to again freely potentialize the external circuit. So one potentializes freely and statically with original source connected, and then dissipates the collected excess potential energy dynamically and separately from the original source. In this manner the static voltage source will iteratively furnish all the electrical power in a specific circuit that one wishes, literally without limit, and without having to do work just to continue having the source. If one uses only voltage input from the static voltage source to one s external circuit, then no change in the source s static voltage occurs, because no current flows from or through it, and hence no electrical power is drawn from it or used to destroy it. Use of a static voltage source in this current-free fashion is beyond simply repeating the WW II use of the known difference of potential (between a jungle treetop and the earth s surface) to draw sufficient power (both current and voltage) to power a small radio in the South Pacific. There the troops used only the standard symmetric EM circuit, which has to draw power (both voltage and current) from the earth-electrosphere voltage difference source utilized and thus has to do work in getting the radios powered. The overall power that can be drawn directly from a segment of the static earthelectrosphere capacitor s voltage and charge is very small, but if one draws only voltage (with dq/dt = 0) and uses the proper asymmetric circuitry to collect and flow (shuttle) that voltage onto pinned charges q in a collecting circuit, then one can take and use just the voltage. Using this free static voltage to potentialize the external circuit will produce the desired amount of free potential energy W in the asymmetric collecting system (on those pinned charges q) that one requires, by the simple equation W = Vq. If we do not allow any current from the external circuit and load to flow back through the dipolar voltage source, then all we continually need from the source is the voltage V itself. That can and will be sustained indefinitely by the source. Freely! Forever! Static voltage is actually a dynamic set of ongoing bidirectional EM energy flows (longitudinal waves), as rigorously shown by Whittaker in 1903 { 65 }. Hence so-called static voltage will indeed flow (without doing work) onto a statically connected collection circuit containing pinned charges q, potentializing that receiving circuit so that stored potential energy W = Vq appears in it. This statically potentialized (excited) collection circuit is then separated from the static voltage source. The gap left by the disconnected primary static source is recompleted (say, by a resistor and diode in series across the gap) as a separate external circuit and system, and then this separated circuit s freely collected EM potential energy is dissipated in its loads to power them. This results in delivering a fixed amount of free power to the loads to power them, completely independently of the primary static source (the electrosphere, in this example) { 66 }. Any convenient and very cheap static voltage source can be substituted. This type of asymmetric system and circuitry is a part of the Heaviside model equations that Lorentz {59} deliberately discarded in 1892 by arbitrarily symmetrizing the equations for the specific purpose of eliminating all such systems, insuring that 11

12 electrical engineers build only COP<1.0 power systems insofar as taking the energy from the local vacuum potential is concerned. Since then, EEs have always built and used only symmetrized power systems, thus directly generating the world s present energy crisis. PROGRAM II Easily Build and Use Self-Powering Permanent Magnet Motors Program II is developing the easy self-powering permanent magnet motor, built by using specially-produced permanent magnets each having an asymmetric field laterally (deliberately produced by applying nanocrystalline technology). The broken symmetry of the source dipole is what actually powers (furnishes the EM energy for) an EM circuit or system; it is not the cranking of the shaft of a generator. We have explained how a circuit or system is actually powered by energy extracted from the seething virtual state vacuum by the circuit or system s broken symmetry. As Nobelist Lee points out, when we have a broken symmetry then something previously virtual becomes observable {60}. To achieve the broken symmetry in a normal permanent magnet motor, electrical engineers normally place a coil strategically, so that in the back mmf region between rotor and stator magnets they introduce a timed current and additional magnetic field that overpowers the back mmf and reverses the net field in that region temporarily. But this costs the operator heavily for the power (voltage current) produced in the coil, so that we pay more to break the symmetry than we will obtain from the resulting rotation of the motor and acceleration of shaft and flywheel rotation. However, if the field symmetry inside the permanent magnet motor is broken by the composite asymmetric field magnets themselves, in the proper geometric regions, then we freely obtain the broken symmetry for powering the system by converted vacuum energy. Such asymmetric-field permanent magnets can be produced by nanocrystalline engineering techniques. Then they can be arranged in a system to furnish its selfpowering, using the freely introduced power from the converted virtual state vacuum energy. Thus the energy to power the motor is continually extracted freely from the vacuum, via the proven broken symmetry of a magnetic dipolarity (separation of opposite poles and therefore separation of opposite magnetic charges), known since 1957 and the award of the Nobel Prize to Lee and Yang for predicting such broken symmetry. Instead of continually paying for the broken symmetry ourselves, the materials will do it for free. Again, by Lorentz s arbitrary symmetrizing of the Heaviside equations in 1892 { 67 }, all such asymmetric permanent magnets were discarded from the theory and from the electrical engineering textbooks as well as from the resulting electrical engineering technology and practice. Consequently, for a century all our permanent bar magnets have been produced with symmetrical fields to left and right. The prohibition of self-powering permanent magnet systems has thus been a direct decree of our electrical engineers, rigorously practicing symmetrization as dogmatically ordained, in their highly restricted theoretical model, by Lorentz and J. P. Morgan more than a century ago. 12

13 PROGRAM III Adapt NRAM to Produce and Use Self-Powering Steam Boilers Program III is the adaptation of the NRAM (negative resonance absorption of the medium) technique from optical physics {31} {32} {33}, to produce self-powering heat amplifiers across most of the heat bandwidth. The heat amplifier should have an expected COP = 4.0 or so. A self-powering (vacuum energy powered) heat amplifier is then added to our present electric power plant steam boilers worldwide. Once the self-powering heat amplifier is operational, then with clamped positive feedback the steam boiler itself becomes self-powering and needs no further consumption of fuel or nuclear fuel rods to continue to heat the water in the boiler and power the steam-turbine-powered generators. The self-powering steam boiler allows direct capitalization and conversion of most of our present on-site fuel-guzzling electric power systems to systems that burn only a tiny bit of fuel to initially jump-start a single self-powering steam boiler and then cease all further consumption of fuel. Once a single self-powering steam boiler is in operation, it is then used to heat and jump-start one by one all the other required self-powering steam boilers. As large a system of self-powering steam boilers as desired can thus be jumpstarted from only a tiny bit of initial fuel consumption to get one steam boiler up and running, ready for jump-starting to self-powering operation. The NRAM process was released by Russian researchers in 1967 (see Letokhov s work {32}). Since then, optical physicists at all our leading university physics departments have routinely performed NRAM experiments where for optimized experiments a self-resonant charged medium emits 18 times as much Poynting energy flow as it absorbs from its input laser by normal (special relativistic) Poynting theory. The reason is that such a process uses an additional general relativistic feature not present in normal absorption, and thus it absorbs more Poynting (diverged) input energy flow than is contained in the normal special relativistic calculation of Poynting input energy. Optical physicists working in this area, however, have been ruthlessly muzzled. None is allowed to use the term excess emission, but must use the deliberately mind-numbing phrase negative absorption. The physicists are not allowed to discuss the thermodynamics of the process, since that would introduce the fact that the selfoscillating NRAM medium exhibits COP = 18 in the optimized experiments. The optical physicists are forced to speak only of increase in the reaction cross section, and are not allowed to point out this also means excess emission, effectively and literally. Removing the iron censorship imposed on optical physicists in this area, one then simply widens the bandwidth in the IR and heat area by laterally adding additional NRAM sections (each tuned a bit differently to cover its part of the introduced heat spectrum). This allows covering the required bandwidth of the input heating. This increase in bandwidth {33(c)}by multiple parallel heat NRAM heat amplifiers will also result in some loss of overall optimized narrow band heat amplifier COP, perhaps reducing it from the standard COP = 18 for the optimized IR laser experiments to COP = 13

14 4 for the new assembly of paralleled NRAM heat amps to cover the desired heat spectrum. By adding clamped positive feedback of one part (to replace the normal input by the operator), the entire heat amplifier process becomes self-powering, taking all its input energy directly from the seething vacuum. At any rate, a self-powering heat amplifier is practicable for developing and incorporating in the input heating section of existing steam boilers, making the boilers self-powering also. Since most of our present on-site electric power plants (including nuclear power plants) actually just heat steam boilers to provide steam to power a steam-turbinepowered generator, then once developed the NRAM heat amplifying process can be applied to most presently installed systems with rather minor effort and costs. Once the steam boiler is up to its heating and powering operational mode, the heat amplifiers are switched in along with clamped positive feedback of enough of the heat output of the boiler system, fed back to the input, to accomplish selfpowering (actually, total powering from the active vacuum which is furnishing the necessary heat energy input to the heat amplifier system). Once done, this is no more mystical than a windmill-powered generating system. We are just using the active vacuum to furnish our necessary free EM energy wind flow for our use to provide the necessary initial heating of the boilers. So after jump-starting one heat-amplified steam boiler and switching it to selfpowering mode, thereafter it powers its own steam-turbine-driven generators and also freely furnishes the power to individually jump-start as many other heat-amplified steam boilers as needed. In turn, these power their conventional steam-turbine-driven generators, already in manufacture and widely available. The fuel-consuming giant electric power plant (or other initial power source) can be shut down as soon as the first self-powering boiler is up and running. This has immediate and profound applications! E.g., take a large and very expensive and cantankerous windmill farm, and replace the entire ensemble with one smaller and much cheaper windmill whose generator furnishes electric power to heat the input of a modified heat-amplifying (self-powering) steam boiler. Once this steam boiler is up and running and switched into self-powering (clamped positive feedback) operation, the windmill can be shut down. Everything from then on is just a matter of adding more jump-starting self-powering steam generators and their steam turbine driven generators, and it matters not whether the wind is blowing or not. In this fashion, very expensive and cantankerous windmill farms are replaced by a single much smaller windmill jump-starting component. And yet as much power as desired can be produced, just by adding additional jump-starting self-powering steam boilers and their generators. A similar thing can be done with presently very expensive solar cell array electrical power systems. Simply use a single much smaller and much cheaper solar cell array for jump starting, and from then on one is using self-powering heat-amplifying steam boilers whose input energy comes directly from the active vacuum. Once self-powering is achieved in the first steam boiler, it does not matter then whether the sun shines or not, or whether the original solar cell array is energized or not. 14

15 A similar thing can also be done in the hydroelectric area. By using a much smaller flowing stream and a single much smaller and cheaper water-turbine-driven generator, one gets the initial self-powered steam boiler up and running. Then from it one individually jump-starts as many additional self-powering steam boilers (with their steam-turbine-powered generators) as needed. This allows the hybrid hydroelectric power initiated self-powering steam boiler systems to be much more universally deployed and used throughout the world, with far less effect on streams and far less expense and with independence of drought, stream depletion, etc. It also allows the ready use of even very small streams to power a single small hydroturbine and its generator for the jump-starting function, which is all that is externally needed to jump-start as many self-powering steam boilers as necessary. Changes in consumer demand, requiring changes in the amount of power required to be furnished by the grid s source generators, are also easily met by simply jump-starting more standby steam boilers to increase electric power, or cutting off some of the selfpowering steam boilers to reduce electric power. This allows ready adjusting to the necessary power production level needed as it fluctuates over time. As we have previously pointed out, accompanying every accounted Poynting energy flow in or from an electrical circuit or source, there is also a mind-boggling curled Heaviside giant energy flow component that is trillions of times greater than the accounted but diverged Poynting energy flow component. In addition to his 1892 symmetrization of the Heaviside equations to eliminate all COP>1.0 and self-powering systems freely taking their energy from the active medium {59}, Lorentz in 1900 also imposed a little integration trick { 68 } to get rid of that bothersome giant Heaviside curled energy flow component { 69 } { 70 } (again at the impetus of J. P. Morgan). In this way, electrical engineers would never be taught that every generator and other electrical power source already outputs trillions of times more EM energy flow than is in their textbooks in the accounted meager Poynting energy flow component that their systems normally diverge and utilize. In any special relativistic situation (the norm in EE), the giant Heaviside curled energy flow component is totally wasted because then vector analysis applies and the divergence of the curl is zero. This led to Lorentz s sly statement that this giant energy flow component had no physical significance because it did nothing. But that sly statement is true only in a special relativistic situation. Nonetheless, it is erroneously repeated today by leading classical electrodynamicists, even by Jackson { 71 }. However, in a general relativistic situation, vector analysis no longer applies, and the divergence of the curl is not necessarily zero. So in that case, a little of that ubiquitous and enormous curled energy flow can also be diverged into the circuit to help power it after all, resulting in energy from the active vacuum/spacetime medium and achievement of COP>1.0 in a generating system which has and maintains a thermodynamic efficiency less than 100%. With a COP>1.0 heat amplifier, self-powering is easily achieved by clamped positive feedback. In the NRAM self-oscillating medium, charged particles (of insulator material, for the IR spectrum and heating) oscillate laterally to and fro since they are tuned and synchronized to the input frequency of the IR laser. The velocity of the particle thus speeds up, slows and then reverses, etc. synchronized to the input energy frequency. When the particle is altering its velocity to and fro, it is altering its spacetime curvature to 15

16 and fro which is a general relativistic situation. Further, this general relativistic alteration violates the usual conservation of energy law conservation of energy or momentum itself is special-relativistic as pointed out by Penrose { 72 } and other eminent theoreticians { 73 } { 74 }. And they also point out that energy conservation itself can be violated in a properly correlated general relativistic situation. This means that the general relativistic to-and-fro frame rotations of the absorbing charges in the NRAM medium are perfectly synchronized with the input frequencies of the heat input. Hence each section of the paralleled heat amplifier does the same for its individual frequency spectrum input. So the paralleled heat amplifier permissibly outputs more Poynting (diverged) energy than the operator s accounted special relativistic Poynting energy flow input. With this extra and significant general relativistic energy input from the spacetime/vacuum itself, the operator s paid-for input itself can also be replaced by clamped positive feedback from the amplifier s output. However, physicists also tend to always apply the Killing vector symmetry to any general relativity situation so even then the conservation of energy law applies. But rigorously the conservation of energy law is a special relativistic situation, and need not apply to a properly synchronized general relativistic situation. Our electrical engineers are usually taught only a bit of special relativity (SR), and are never taught anything suggesting violation of the SR energy conservation law itself in a proper GR situation that is synchronized with the primary SR frame rotations when they are being generally used by the system and the operator. And thermodynamicists are still grappling with GR violation of energy conservation and have not yet made truly significant process in digesting and understanding it. PROGRAM IV License, Produce, and Use Proven Bedini Overunity and Self-Powering Systems Program IV is a clarion call for the immediate worldwide licensing and use of the proven Bedini technology (by Energenx Inc). Additional funds (we recommend $50 million or so) should immediately be pumped into his company, Energenx, to provide a much larger development team and quicker production of a wide range of Bedini s overunity battery chargers. Bedini s first production systems are presently going into large warehouses to charge large materials handling equipment. The final prototype units have previously been tested in this application, and they performed beautifully saving the warehouse owner lots of money and lots of EM energy from the wall plug normally required to charge the large, expensive batteries. This technology is also going into limited production and marketing for other COP>1.0 battery powered processes, including large battery-powered materials handling equipment, electric golf-carts, electric scooters for the handicapped, electric automobiles, etc. Simply Google the Energenx website and examine the products being produced or to be produced shortly and marketed { 75 }. The battery chargers use negative energy (which Tesla discovered and called radiant energy ). The unusual characteristics of charging a battery with negative energy is that (a) sulfation is reversed, dramatically extending the lives of these expensive batteries, and 16

17 (b) the battery is charged with much less power being required from the electrical power company. The reason is that negative energy, in flowing across an impedance, causes the active vacuum environment to automatically insert (input) additional excess negative energy into the impedance and into that flow across it. This action by the environment freely amplifies the actual charging energy flow input to the impedance by the operator. This is a legitimate COP>1.0 process, perfectly permitted by the laws of physics and the laws of thermodynamics of nonequilibrium steady state systems, but possible only by utilizing negative energy. Self-powering Bedini motors are also available in the independently replicated bench demonstration stage and can rapidly be finalized, produced, and used e.g., for true environmentally clean and practical electric automobiles with great range and durability. The second generation of Bedini-augmented electric automobiles will be selfpowering. They will freely recharge their batteries as they are being driven thus yielding unlimited range without paying for any externally-purchased recharge energy. More than two dozen successful replications of Bedini s overunity processes have been independently accomplished by other researchers worldwide, under Bedini s tutelage. Thus he has fulfilled the final requirement of the scientific method: independent validation. The epochal implications of the Bedini work and developments are obvious, and these systems will directly and favorably impact and substantially reduce the world energy crisis by directly reducing harmful emissions, producing clean and cheap electrical power with most of the input energy taken from the active vacuum rather than from consumption of fuel and nuclear fuel rods, dramatically lowering the consumption of fuel to provide power, and significantly reducing the present harmful global warming emissions and biospheric pollution, etc. PROGRAM V Complete, Produce, and Use the Motionless Electromagnetic Generator (MEG) Program V calls for the final rapid development and widespread production of the MEG {39}, including a clamped positive feedback version capable of being converted to self-powering. The MEG uses the thoroughly proven Aharonov-Bohm effect to freely overpotentialize and excite the local vacuum in which an appropriate MEG nanocrystalline layered-construction transformer core is embedded { 76 }. Many such nanocrystalline transformer cores of layered construction do freely self-evoke the Aharonov-Bohm effect, Berry phase, etc. { 77 } to localize the B-field inside the core while the extra uncurled A-potential appears in space outside the core. This is now experimentally well established in the scientific literature, independently of the MEG group itself. There are of course more than 20,000 papers in the hard literature on the proven Aharonov-Bohm effect, its extension to the Berry phase { 78 }, and the further extension to the geometric phase { 79 }. By freely potentializing and exciting the local vacuum with additional uncurled 17

18 A-potential energy, the pulse rise time and decay time of the input signal to the transformer are used to deliberate generate additional strong pulses of E-field energy arising from within that external excited vacuum, by the equation E = da/dt. Because of the minus sign, when the disturbing input pulses with their engineered rise time and decay time travel from inside the core outside into the local vacuum, the amplified return E-field pulses are generated in the outside vacuum and travel from outside back into the core {76}. With proper funding the MEG will require about a year to a year and a half of intense work to go from its present bench demonstrator form to a set of ready for production models. At that time, the completed MEG units can be placed into worldwide production and marketing, with additional units of various sizes coming along later at periodic intervals. Since the MEG is electromagnetic in both energy input and energy output, it is readily adaptable to self-powering by use of clamped positive feedback of the COP>1.0 basic unit. PROGRAM VI Retranslate 1880s/1890s EE Concepts Into Modern Physics Program VI of the new Manhattan-type Project consists of translating present EE lexicon and jargon (from the 1880s and 1890s) into modern physics terms, so the electrical engineers will at least finally understand exactly what they are doing, in terms of modern physics. As an example, contrary to the present EE model, the local vacuum is active and it is always interacting continuously with every charge that is present in our circuits and systems. This follows directly from quantum field theory, where the ubiquitous interaction of the vacuum with the charge cannot be eliminated {16}. It also reveals that any isolated charge actually polarizes its surrounding virtual state vacuum, so that a dipolarity results and therefore a proven broken symmetry. As presently recognized in physics, any simple isolated charge actually involves two infinite charges and two infinite energies { 80 }. The bare charge in the middle is infinite, as is the energy of its associated fields and potentials. The surrounding polarization charge of opposite sign in the surrounding vacuum is also infinite, as is its energy. These two infinite charges have a finite difference, and thus the energy associated with the pair is also finite. So our instruments, peering through the infinite screening external charge at the infinite bare charge inside, are dealing with two infinite charges, each of infinite energy. However, the difference seen by the instrument is finite and that observed finite difference between the two infinite charges and their two infinite energies provides the value of the charge that is recorded in the classical texts where vacuum effects are deliberately omitted. Thus a steady flow of real EM energy can and will occur from any isolated charge (from its asymmetrical dipolar ensemble). This is a specific flow of energy density { 81 } 18

19 for the particular asymmetrical situation. Hence any source charge or dipole can provide a finite rate of real EM energy flow for any finite time, because of the infinite nature of the two conflicting infinite processes and the availability of infinite energy by each one. As can be readily shown by real measurement, any isolated classical charge continually radiates real observable photons at a steady rate, in all directions. But no instrument known to man can measure any observable energy input into that source charge (or into a source dipolarity). That is because the energy input from the vacuum is in virtual state form. Hence every charge and dipole continually consumes positive entropy of the virtual state vacuum that is interacting with it, and then produces negative entropy in the observable state by its continuous output of real, observable photons real EM energy flow. Rigorous theoretical proof that a system is thermodynamically permitted to exhibit such continuous production of negative entropy has been given by Evans and Rondoni { 82 }. Further, the flawed old Klein geometry, which does not permit such a situation but instead has entropy wired into it, must be replaced by the much more modern and accurate Leyton geometry { 83 }. In Klein geometry, if one loses the information and ordering at one level, it is lost completely and one drops to the next lower state (one lowers the symmetry) for remaining ordering. That is a positive entropy production process a priori. In Leyton geometry, if the ordering information is lost at one level, it is not actually lost but retained in novel form. And a new ordering is also automatically produced at the next higher level [the observable state level] which is an increase in the level of symmetry! That is a negative entropy operation a priori. Hence in Leyton geometry, the action of the source charge or dipole, in continually consuming entropy at the virtual state level, is able to continually produce negative entropy in the observable state level by the continuous emission of real, observable photons. The source charge and source dipole obey Leyton geometry, not the old Klein geometry. In one sense the vacuum is simply a set of all potentials. So potentializing a circuit actually means that one or more of these vacuum potentials is/are changed in the local vacuum in which the circuit is embedded. In turn, this alters the interaction of that changed local vacuum with the source charges q in the potentialized circuit. By increasing the directed interaction of vacuum and the charges q, one has collected excess potential energy (ongoing vacuum interactions) upon those charges q, again by the formula W = Vq in the case of voltage potentialization between two points. Many other terms and definitions of electrical engineering are obsolete, and must similarly be corrected and updated into modern physics terms. PROGRAM VII License, Produce and Use Fogal Chips to perform Precursor Engineering Program VII is the acquisition and placing into production of the proven Fogal chip {50} {51} which allows precursor engineering { 84 }. 19

20 Precursor engineering is the direct engineering of spacetime, vacuum, and reality itself, work-free. This forms a specific set of spacetime/vacuum dynamics to form specific vacuum engines (precursor force-free engines) for specific tasks. This is a dramatic extension of the present scientific method itself. Then the formed precursor engines are applied to charged matter in an ongoing interaction. That precursor engine, a region of charged matter, and their ongoing interaction identically is a set of forces and their dynamics, now acting in that specific charged matter. So it produces force engines acting in and of that charged matter since mass is a component of force by the mechanical equation F = d/dt(mv). Contrary to the totally false teaching of electrical engineering, force does not exist in mass-free space as pointed out by Nobelist Feynman {24} and many others, to no avail. The force engine in that specific interacting mass then produces the physical functioning desired in that mass system. This allows a remarkable solution to another great and related problem: The problem of the increasing chemical pollution of our rivers, oceans, etc. from industrial processes, factories, etc. { 85 }. With precursor engineering, one will be able to change matter from one form to another, or in other words to conduct direct transmutation of elements. This allows cleanup of industrial wastes and pollutants, and also allows at long last! an actual solution to the burgeoning problem of nuclear wastes, including all those spent fuel rods on nuclear power plant sites, in pools of water and otherwise radioactive for several hundred thousand years. As a remarkable example: One great bonus of the precursor engineering approach is that one also obtains the ability to reverse all diseases! Any specific disease has a specific disease precursor engine that is continually interacting with the body mass and its charges, and that is generating and sustaining all physical (LLLT) aspects of that specific disease in the body. So to directly cure it, one simply makes a more powerful but exact specific precursor anti-engine for that disease and applies it to that stricken body, forming a net force anti-engine acting in that stricken body for that disease. The anti-engine is deliberately made more powerful than the disease engine. This directly reverses the disease physiology down to even the genetics and smallest biological considerations. Reversal of aging effects is also readily foreseeable and feasible. In theory, once precursor engineering is developed, then one can produce gold from quartzite sand (as did T. Henry Moray almost a century ago). Or eventually one can take the same quartzite sand and produce food, flour, meat, iron, or whatever. The Fogal chip, when idled along at less than half-load, will gradually settle down from the normal preoccupation of manipulating force fields to kick electrons in the chip and its circuitry, and instead it will begin directly engineering the precursor engines for those force field engines and thence to direct engineering of the spacetime itself, to produce other precursor engines. This precursor engineering part is force-free, and therefore work-free. As a result of this settling into the precursor engineering mode, the physical current and power in the transistor reduces significantly, the frequency width broadens significantly, etc. By dealing directly with the precursors, the chip now has access to any and all presently known fitted models (to all their precursors) and to all other presently unknown but future models yet to be discovered! So to understand the very strange phenomenology that becomes capable using the Fogal chip, one must keep in 20

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