Good point about 'not secure', which is why I combine it with Tor. What does 'mobile-based' mean, please? I do need it to be cellphone-free and workable with Tor, which it is, and I appreciate your comments very much. PS - I see that Yandex comes in at the #2 spot in About.com's Top 10 Free Email Services for 2016.

In your second post, the "Top 10 " link refers to Yandex as "...Yandex.Mail could function as a full we-based IMAP client" - that is, if it was upgraded. That's what i meant about mobile-only - the site you linked to earlier seemed to indicate that actually Yandex.Mail wasn't a pukka web-based IMAP client.I only posted my comment to suggest politely that you might have posted your comment in a thread where it was not relevant.

I'm sure Yandex is very good (Why wouldn't it be?), but - and I could be wrong, of course - it doesn't seem to be trying to portray itself as providing a secure encrypted email service such as ProtonMail - does it?

Is there a reliable way for consumers to defend against this? I've taken to searching more than one search engine, but this is a pain. Is there a reliable service that searches a lot of search engines and collates the results, so this becomes obvious?

Is there a reliable way for consumers to defend against this? I've taken to searching more than one search engine, but this is a pain. Is there a reliable service that searches a lot of search engines and collates the results, so this becomes obvious?

I believe DuckDuckGo and Startpage do aggregate/metasearching. Dogpile is still around, which combines Google and Yahoo results. Qwant is a European search engine jumping on the "we won't track you" bandwagon.

Is there a reliable way for consumers to defend against this? I've taken to searching more than one search engine, but this is a pain. Is there a reliable service that searches a lot of search engines and collates the results, so this becomes obvious?

I believe DuckDuckGo and Startpage do aggregate/metasearching. Dogpile is still around, which combines Google and Yahoo results. Qwant is a European search engine jumping on the "we won't track you" bandwagon.

Thanks, just started using search404 (last on the list), much better than Google, DDG, or StartPage with more options (easily accessible search parameters, eg. music, files, etc), ability to download results, show where results came from, etc.