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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Mediastinal lymph node biopsy plays a fundamental role in diagnosis, staging and management of lung cancer.

We describe a novel method of using the video-mediastinoscope for concurrent cervical mediastinotomy and anterior mediastinoscopy.

In the fifth case, we performed a cervical mediastinoscopy for para-tracheal and sub-carinal lymphadenopathy followed by an anterior videomediastinotomy, video assisted intrapericardial assessment, direct tumour sampling and A-P window lymph nodal biopsies.

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(PMID = 15848339.001).

[ISSN] 1010-7940

[Journal-full-title] European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Eur J Cardiothorac Surg

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] England

2. Takashima S, Nakano H, Misao T: [True thymic hyperplasia which was difficult to distinguish from malignancy in adult; report of a case].Kyobu Geka; 2008 Jul;61(7):599-601[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Three years earlier he had undergone operation for carcinoma of the floor of mouth.

He had no symptoms but had been pointed out an anterior mediastinal mass on chest computed tomography (CT).

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

We here present two cases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma with mediastinal lymph nodes metastases below level 106 according to the classification of the Guidelines for the Clinical and Pathologic Studies for Carcinoma of the Esophagus (9 th edition) edited by the Japanese Society for Esophageal Diseases.

For Case 1, we adopted a conventional anterior approach with resection of the right half of the manubrium and sternum to the level of the second intercostal space and medial half of the right clavicule.

Conversely, in Case 2, in which mediastinal lymph nodes extended to level 107, the lymph nodes were relatively easily dissected by VATS under excellent surgical views of 106tbR and 107.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) as a method of boost radiotherapy after the initial irradiation by the conventional anterior/posterior opposed beams for centrally located non-small-cell lung cancer through the evaluation of dose distributions according to the various boost methods.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seven patients with T3 or T4 lung cancer and mediastinal node enlargement who previously received radiotherapy were studied.

Initial radiotherapy plans were designed to deliver 40 Gy to the primary tumor and involved nodal regions with the conventional anterior/posterior opposed beams.

In contrast, neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid and neuroendocrine carcinoma) of thymus are extremely rare.

We describe three cases of rare atypical carcinoid tumor (neuroendocrine carcinoma) of the thymus.

The features suggested a diagnosis of atypical carcinoid tumor in all the three cases.

Atypical carcinoid (neuroendocrine carcinoma, well-differentiated and moderately-differentiated) of the thymus is a rare thymic tumor which carries a worse prognosis compared to thymoma and requires aggressive therapy.

As a result, primary lung cancer with thyroid metastasis was diagnosed based on mediastinal enlargement on chest X ray films and normal findings in organs other than the lung and thyroid.

Postmortem revealed that the right upper lung carcinoma was the primary lesion and immunohistochemical staining for surfactant protein was positive in the thyroid, skin tumor and lymph node, which revealed these carcinomas had metastasized from lung cancer.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

BACKGROUND: The resectability and survival may be improved in thymoma and thymic carcinoma with multimodality therapy.

Various diagnostic imaging modalities are required for accurate diagnosis and preoperative staging of thymic masses.

METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken in 23 patients who had shown either an anterior mediastinal mass consistent with thymic origin or suspicious for a thymic mass on contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan.

The difference between the mean SUVmax for thymic hyperplasia, thymoma and thymic carcinoma was statistically significant.

(PMID = 19585212.001).

[ISSN] 1864-6433

[Journal-full-title] Annals of nuclear medicine

[ISO-abbreviation] Ann Nucl Med

[Language] eng

[Publication-country] Japan

[Chemical-registry-number] 0Z5B2CJX4D / Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

14. Barreda T, Laali M, Dorent R, Acar C: Left thoracotomy for aortic and mitral valve surgery in a case of mediastinal displacement due to pneumonectomy.J Heart Valve Dis; 2008 Mar;17(2):239-42[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Left thoracotomy for aortic and mitral valve surgery in a case of mediastinal displacement due to pneumonectomy.

Four years earlier, he had undergone a left pneumonectomy for a bronchial carcinoma.

Due to the severe shift of the mediastinum into the left chest, as well as to adhesions of the right lung to the sternum, a median sternotomy was thought undesirable.

AVR was performed through a left anterior thoracotomy through the fourth intercostal space.

[Title] Primary parathyroid tumors of the mediastinum: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 17 cases.

Clinically and radiologically, all patients had an anterior mediastinal tumor.

Of 17 patients, 13 had clinical primary hyperparathyroidism, 1 had secondary hyperparathyroidism due to polycystic kidney disease, and 1 had a history of prostatic carcinoma and 1 of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Histologically, 2 tumors showed features of parathyroid carcinoma, and 15 tumors showed more conventional features of parathyroid adenomas.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma; report of a case].

We report a case of a 64-year-old man with pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung and thymic cyst.

Computed tomography (CT) showed a mass lesion located in the right upper lobe and a non-invasive anterior mediastinal tumor adjacent to the left brachiocepharic vein.

With a diagnosis of primary lung cancer (cT3N0M0) and mediastinal tumor, an operation was performed through a median sternotomy.

The mediastinal tumor was excised and a right upper lobectomy and were also accomplished, because the lung tumor did not show adhesion or pleural invasion.

Histopathologic examination of the resected specimen revealed that the lung tumor composed of a mixture of spindle and giant cell features and contained a component of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

This finding yielded a pathological diagnosis of pleomorphic carcinoma (pT2N0M0).

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Good syndrome with thymic adenosquamous carcinoma--report of a case.

An extended thymo-thymectomy with lymph nodes dissection was performed for an irregular shaped anteriormediastinum mass.

The tumor was mainly composed of type C, adenosquamous carcinoma, and found to have a small area of types B2 and B3 thymoma.

History and laboratory findings were compatible with the diagnosis of Good syndrome.

Although there are some reports of thymic carcinoma arising from thymoma, this is the first report of co-existence of adenosquamous carcinomas and thymoma with Good syndrome as far as reviewed articles.

Thymic carcinoma with severe infection should be examined carefully for co-existence of thymoma, and co-existence of thymoma and thymic carcinoma suggests a close histogenetic relationship between the 2 tumors.

For patients with lung cancer preoperative evaluation of the mediastinal lymph nodes is important to estimate local operability and/or to consider the necessity of neoadjuvant treatment.

In locally advanced lung cancer repeat mediastinoscopy was used after induction chemotherapy or chemoradiation to reexplore the upper mediastinum in order to select patients with a higher probability to undergo complete resection.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

We assessed (1) the yield of EUS-FNA of malignant lymph nodes in NSCLC patients with combined anterior and posterior lymph nodes that had already undergone mediastinoscopy and (2) the cost implications associated with alternative initial strategies.

Then, the posterior mediastinal stations (7, 8, and 9) or station 5 were targeted with EUS-FNA.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with NSCLC and combined anterior and posterior lymph nodes, starting with EUS-FNA would preclude mediastinoscopy in more than one third of the patients.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

DESCRIPTION: The subjects were the 40 patients in whom ND2 lymph node dissection was performed among those with a preoperative diagnosis of stage IA (T1 N0 M0) lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic operations in our hospital during the 2-year period from January 2001 to December 2002.

With the patient in the lateral position, a Thoraco Holder (Fuji Systems Corp, Tokyo, Japan) was inserted between the fourth and fifth intercostal space on the anterior axillary line.

Pulmonary lobectomy and mediastinal dissection were performed in the same manner as the standard thoracoscopic two-windows method.

OBJECTIVE: Induction chemoradiotherapy followed by anatomical resection is a current therapeutic strategy for non-small-cell lung cancer with mediastinal node involvement.

We evaluated a novel technique to make the mediastinal node dissection easier after induction therapy.

METHODS: At the end of mediastinoscopic node biopsy for staging of lung cancer, cotton-type collagen was inserted anterior and lateral to the trachea in patients with pathologically confirmed mediastinal node involvement (n=45).

After the chemoradiotherapy all patients underwent a pulmonary resection with complete mediastinal node dissection 7-12 weeks after the collagen insertion.

Surgical findings of the mediastinum and the time for node dissection were compared with those without collagen insertion at mediastinoscopy after chemoradiotherapy (n=5).

RESULTS: All five patients without collagen insertion showed sclerotic and fibrotic change of mediastinal nodes with severe adhesion to the trachea.

In 42 of 45 patients with collagen insertion (93.3%) the collagen remained unabsorbed and separated the mediastinal nodes from the trachea.

Mediastinal node dissection was easily accomplished by removing mediastinal tissues lateral and anterior to the collagen.

The rate of mediastinal node separation was significantly higher with collagen insertion than without (p<0.0001).

CONCLUSION: Cotton-type collagen insertion at staging mediastinoscopy for lung cancer separates the mediastinal nodes from the trachea and makes the node dissection easier after induction chemoradiotherapy.

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(PMID = 19577967.001).

[ISSN] 1878-3562

[Journal-full-title] Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver

[ISO-abbreviation] Dig Liver Dis

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

[Publication-country] Netherlands

32. Thomas PA, Payan-Defais MJ: [Epithelial tumours of the thymus].Rev Pneumol Clin; 2010 Feb;66(1):41-51[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Rare, they nevertheless represent 20% of all mediastinal tumours and 50% of those located in the anteriormediastinum.

However, even patients with an invasive disease may have a long clinical history, explaining that a 10-year or 20-year survival from diagnosis does not imply a definitive cure.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thymus treated by multimodality therapy: a case report.

A case report of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thymus, aggressively treated by multimodality therapy including surgery, radiotherapy, chemothermotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy is presented.

The patient, a 53-year-old man, underwent potentially complete resection for an anterior mediastinal tumor, histologically diagnosed as a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the thymus with Masaoka stage II disease.

Although the clinical aspects of thymic mucoepidermoid carcinoma are little known, it is assumed that such aggressive therapeutic multimodalities as repeated surgical resection, irradiation and chemothermotherapy, and chemotherapy based on in vitro chemosensitivity tests contributed to long-term survival for this unusual disease.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fine-needle aspiration (FNA) report on basaloid carcinoma of the thymus.

This is a tumor in which the FNA diagnosis is difficult and the differential diagnosis is broad.

We describe the cytologic features encountered in the three cases, and immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings so as to raise awareness of this entity in the differential diagnosis of thymic neoplasms on FNABs.

The cases studied included three male patients, aged 73, 65, and 50, who presented with anterior mediastinal masses, with no primary tumor elsewhere.

This article discusses thymic organogenesis, Masaoka staging, WHO histologic classification of thymoma and thymic carcinoma, and selected molecular characteristics that highlight this diversity.

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(PMID = 21081787.001).

[ISSN] 1540-1405

[Journal-full-title] Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN

[ISO-abbreviation] J Natl Compr Canc Netw

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Journal Article

[Publication-country] United States

38. Qiu S, Luna MA: Testicular seminoma metastasizing to the parotid gland: report of a case.Head Neck; 2005 Oct;27(10):923-6[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The diagnosis of testicular seminoma metastasizing to the parotid gland was established on the basis of histologic findings and was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis.

Extragonadal seminoma often occurs in the midline (presacral, retroperitoneal, anterior mediastinal, and pineal regions); when present in any other locations, the tumor should be considered to be metastatic.

Placenta alkaline phosphatase is a useful immunohistochemical stain to confirm the diagnosis, and cytokeratin immunohistonegativity rules out carcinomas or epithelioid sarcomas.

Two other neoplasms with granulomatous reactions, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and epithelioid sarcoma, should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

As for what concerns the results of the histological examination, in 2/45 (4.5%) cases it has been set a diagnosis of follicular carcinoma (one of them surely invading and the other, leastly invading), in 3/45 (6.6%) cases papillary carcinoma, in 4/45 (8.8%) cases colloido-cystic goiter, in 33/45 (73.5%) cases micro-macrofollicular hyperplasia (in one of which contemporarily compromise from lymphoma of Hodgkin); in 3/45 (6.6%) cases of adenomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid.

After the intervention, in all the patients the symptomatology tied to the mediastinal compression has disappeared.

The goiter showed signs of neoplastic degeneration in 11.1% of the cases, with prevalence of the papillary carcinoma in the 6.6% and, in the remaining 4.5%, of follicular carcinoma.

[Title] Intrathoracic lymph node metastases from extrathoracic carcinoma: the place for surgery.

METHODS: Among 565 patients with mediastinal lymph node enlargement, 37 had a history of extrathoracic carcinoma.

RESULTS: Diagnostic procedures, comprising mediastinoscopy in 9, anterior mediastinotomy in 2, and video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in 4, were performed mainly because of unresectability due to diffuse and bilateral HMLNMs.

CONCLUSIONS: HMLNMs of extrathoracic carcinoma may be isolated, probably in the context of a particular lymphatic mode of spread.

[Publication-country] United States

49. Galway U, Doyle DJ, Gildea T: Anesthesia for endoscopic palliative management of a patient with a large anterior mediastinal mass.J Clin Anesth; 2009 Mar;21(2):150-1[Fulltext service] Get downloadable fulltext PDFs of articles closely matching to this article, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Anesthesia for endoscopic palliative management of a patient with a large anterior mediastinal mass.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

The aim of this video is to show the accurate and relative ease of an entirely thoracoscopic and laparoscopic oesophagectomy with an extended lymph node dissection of mediastinum in prone position (thoracoscopically) and celiac trunk (laparoscopically).

The mediastinal pleura overlying the oesophagus was incised and the arch of azygos vein was isolated, ligated and divided.

A 28 F chest tube was inserted in the 8th intercostal space on the anterior axillary line.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Almost 50% of all mediastinal masses are located in the anteriormediastinum.

Even though anterior mediastinal masses are first found on conventional radiographs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance are very useful additional studies for assessing the origin and extension of these masses.

The basic concepts regarding embryology, anatomy, and histology relevant for the differential diagnosis of an enlarged thymic gland are also described.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Large mediastinal cyst of an ectopic thyroid with small nodules diagnosed as papillary carcinoma.

A 49-year-old man was admitted to hospital for investigation of a mediastinal shadow seen on a chest radiograph.

Chest completed tomography revealed a mediastinal mass of 65 x 55mm.

At surgery, the mass was found to be contained within the upper mediastinum and adherent to the vertebrae, esophagus, trachea, and superior vena cava.

The lateral incision enabled detachment of the adhesion between the mass and the posterior to median mediastinum, and the modified transmanubrial approach was useful for separating the mass from the upper to anteriormediastinum.

Histological examination revealed a large mediastinal cyst of an ectopic thyroid with small nodules diagnosed as papillary carcinoma.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Thymic lymphoepitheliomalike carcinoma (LELC) in children is extremely rare and we report 2 such cases with molecular analysis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and its encoded latent membrane protein-1 as well as a literature review.

Both of our patients were male, presented with a huge anterior mediastinal mass, expired within a year after diagnosis despite treatment.

[Title] Endobronchial ultrasound for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.

Options for tissue diagnoses include computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy, transbronchial fine-needle aspiration, mediastinoscopy, left anterior mediastinotomy, or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; however, these approaches have both advantages and limitations in terms of tissue yield, safety profile, and cost.

The radial probe EBUS allows for evaluation of central airways, accurate definition of airway invasion, and facilitates the diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions.

[Title] Successful resection of dermatomyositis associated with thymic carcinoma: report of a case.

We report a case of thymic carcinoma associated with dermatomyositis (DM) in a 53-year-old man.

We resected the tumor and histological examination confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus.

Our search of the literature found only one other case report of DM accompanied by thymic carcinoma, and to our knowledge, this is the fi rst documented case of dramatic improvement of DM after resection of thymic carcinoma.

We propose that thymic carcinoma should be added to the list of malignancies that can complicate DM as a paraneoplastic disease.

We reported a case of thymic carcinoma.

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(PMID = 19202942.001).

[ISSN] 0021-5252

[Journal-full-title] Kyobu geka. The Japanese journal of thoracic surgery

[ISO-abbreviation] Kyobu Geka

[Language] jpn

[Publication-type] Case Reports; English Abstract; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Japan

65. Pinto Filho DR, Avino AJ, Brandão SL, Spiandorello WP: Joint use of cervical mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy for the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.J Bras Pneumol; 2009 Nov;35(11):1068-74[Fulltext service] Download fulltext PDF of this article and others, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Joint use of cervical mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy for the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the joint use of cervical mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy for the sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and candidates for pulmonary resection.

In 60% of the patients with involvement of the posterior subcarinal chain, the primary tumor was in the right inferior lobe. (p = 0.029) CONCLUSIONS: The joint use of cervical mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy for the evaluation of posterior mediastinal lymph nodes proved to be an efficacious method.

When there is no access to posterior chains by means of ultrasound with transbronchial or transesophageal biopsy, which dispenses with general anesthesia, this should be the method of choice for the correct evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with NSCLC.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Preoperative diagnosis can be challenging and some of these tumors might be misinterpreted as parathyroid carcinoma.

As cervical exploration was unsuccessful, sternotomy was performed and a cystic adenoma of a parathyroid gland could be resected from the anteriormediastinum.

The second patient - a 63-year-old female with severe hypercalcaemic crisis, operated on under suspicion of a parathyroid carcinoma - had a functional cyst of the parathyroid gland with a parathyroid hormone level of 700,000 pg/ml in the aspirated fluid.

A cystic structure in the upper mediastinum was diagnosed in the fifth patient, a 66-year-old woman.

DISCUSSION: Cystic adenomas of the parathyroid glands are often misdiagnosed as thyroid cysts or - in the case of extremely elevated parathyroid hormone levels - even as parathyroid carcinoma.

The routine preoperative diagnostic tools, such as ultrasonography or (99m)Tc-sestamibi-scintigraphy, cannot clearly distinguish between these entities and might be jeopardized by mediastinal localization, which is not uncommon in parathyroid adenomas with cystic degeneration.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] CT-guided percutaneous cutting needle biopsy of thymic epithelial tumors comparison to the accuracy of computed tomographic diagnosis according to the world health organization classification.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to compare diagnostic accuracy between computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous cutting needle biopsy (PCNB) and surgery or open biopsy for thymic epithelial tumors in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and to evaluate computed tomographic diagnosis additionally.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were 20 patients (11 men, 9 women) in whom CT, CT-guided PCNB, and surgery had been performed for anterior mediastinal tumors.

Computed tomographic diagnoses were performed by two radiologists on the basis of radiologic characteristics previously reported according to the simplified WHO classification (types A and AB, type B1, types B2 and B3, and thymic carcinoma).

The concordance of the WHO classification or the simplified WHO classification between the diagnosis on either CT or CT-guided PCNB and that on surgery was evaluated using the weighted kappa statistic.

The overall concordance with the diagnosis according to the WHO classification established using CT-guided PCNB specimens (weighted kappa = 0.757) was higher than that using computed tomographic diagnosis (weighted kappa = 0.437).

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Chest computed tomography showed an anterior mediastinal mass and a lung mass in the right lower lobe.

Thallium scintigraphy revealed accumulation in the mediastinal mass.

Therefore, under diagnosis of invasive thymoma or thymic carcinoma associated with suspected lung cancer, exploratory right thoracotomy was undertaken through a median sternotomy with video-assisted thoracoscopic support.

The lung mass was intraoperatively diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma.

Thymic small cell carcinoma was diagnosed; therefore the patient received 50 Gy of irradiation to the mediastinum.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: It is sometimes very difficult both clinically and pathologically to distinguish thymic epithelial tumors from primary lung carcinoma with massive anterior mediastinal involvement.

The expression of KIT (CD117) in thymic epithelial tumors was investigated in order to evaluate its usefulness as a marker supporting differential diagnosis and choice of therapy.

We also compared the expression of KIT and CD5 in 20 thymic carcinomas with their expression in 20 resected pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas that were spreading directly into the mediastinum.

Furthermore, of the 40 specimens examined (either thymic or lung carcinoma) all 13 that were positive for both KIT and CD5 were thymic carcinomas, and 13 of the 16 that were negative for both were lung carcinomas.

CONCLUSION: KIT expression is a useful immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of thymic carcinoma, and its examination in combination with CD5 immunohistochemistry would greatly help in the differential diagnosis of primary thymic carcinoma from pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [A case of hepatocellular carcinoma of the caudate lobe relapsing with variable patterns after hepatectomy].

Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a huge extrahepatically growing tumor which was originating from the caudate lobe and extended to the posterior segment of the right lobe of the liver and encircled the anterior half of inferior vena cava.

Radiation therapy was effective to mediastinal lymph nodes metastasized in 25 months after the initial surgery.

Therefore, the multidisplinary therapy combined with radiation and surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma of the caudate lobe may have improved a long-term survival.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] [Neurogenic spindle-cell tumors of the mediastinum: two cases].

They are commonly found, however, in the mediastinum, most often in its posterior compartment.

In the anterior compartment, they must be distinguished from their differential diagnoses.

CASES: We report one case of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in the posterior mediastinum of a 29-year-old man and another of a schwannoma of the anteriormediastinum, in an 82-year-old woman.

DISCUSSION: Neurogenic tumors of spindle-shaped cells in the mediastinum are generally benign, but can be malignant.

Often asymptomatic, they are usually detected on standard pulmonary radiography, but computerized tomography is necessary, supplemented by magnetic resonance imaging, especially for posterior mediastinal tumors, to provide additional information and to assess its possible extension to adjacent structures.

Radiographic, clinical, and especially histopathological features are essential for diagnosis.

[MeSH-major]Carcinoma. Mediastinal Neoplasms

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[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Collateral venous pathways from anterior chest wall veins to the portal veins can form via paraumbilical veins (including the vein of Burrow and the superior and inferior veins of Sappey) or subcapsular veins of the liver via musculophrenic vessels.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

More than one-third of cases present lymph node metastasis during an evaluation of the extension of a primitive mediastinal tumour of thymic origin.

The diagnosis of epidermoid thymic carcinoma was based on the histopathological examination of a right supraclavicular lymph node, associated with an anterior radiological mediastinal tumoral syndrome, raising the delicate problem of its diagnosis and treatment.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Mediastinal tumors are a common condition encountered by general thoracic surgeons, and the most frequent of such tumors is thymoma.

However, metastatic mediastinal tumors are rare.

Here we report a case of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid to the mediastinum that mimicked thymoma.

The patient, a 60-year-old woman who had been treated for thyroid cancer 6 years previously, visited our hospital because of an abnormal shadow in the anteriormediastinum.

Radiological findings and laboratory data did not suggest any recurrence of the thyroid cancer, but computed tomography examination revealed a thymoma-like mass. (18)F-Fluoro-2-deoxy-D: -glucose positron emission tomography revealed two lesions: an anterior mediastinal mass and a right breast nodule.

Histological examination revealed that the mediastinal mass was a metastasis from the thyroid papillary carcinoma, whereas the nodule was an early breast cancer.

Additional immunohistochemical staining for CD5-labelled epithelial thymic carcinoma cells as well as neoplastic B cells and led in combination with blood tests to confirm the diagnosis of the composite occurrence of a thymic carcinoma and a B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

About 9 months later, contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed recurrence in several lymph nodes in the anteriormediastinum and the right side of the neck.

Although the indications for resection of recurrent esophageal cancer are controversial and we cannot generalize about the best treatment for these patients, this case highlights the possibility of using salvage surgical resection to treat recurrent esophageal cancer with anterior mediastinal lymph node involvement in selected patients.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy for anterior mediastinal tumors among CT, MRI, and both CT and MRI, and to determine the optimal CT and MRI procedures for the diagnosis ofanterior mediastinal tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both CT and MRI were performed in 127 patients with pathologically diagnosed anterior mediastinal tumors.

The observers recorded various CT and MRI findings and their first choice of diagnosis.

RESULTS: The two observers made a correct first-choice diagnosis in an average of 78 (61%) of 127 cases on CT, 71 (56%) of 127 cases on MRI, and 85.5 (67%) of 127 cases on both CT and MRI.

These included 83% cases of thymoma on CT, 84% on MRI, and 85% on both CT and MRI; 38% cases of thymic carcinoma on CT and 13% on MRI, and 33% on both CT and MRI; 46% cases of thymic cyst on CT and 71% on MRI, and 63% on both CT and MRI; 58% cases of mature teratoma and 38% on MRI, and 78% on both CT and MRI; 35% cases of malignant germ cell tumor on CT and 27% on MRI, and 31% on both CT and MRI; and 55% cases of malignant lymphoma on CT and 43% on MRI, and 61% on both CT and MRI.

There were significant differences between the diagnostic accuracy by CT and MRI in the cases with both thymic cysts and thymic carcinoma (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: CT is equal or superior to MRI in the diagnosis ofanterior mediastinal tumors except for thymic cyst.

CT should be considered the modality of choice following chest radiography, however, in certain circumstances, such as thymic cyst with hemorrhage or inflammation which mimic solid tumor despite low enhancement, MRI may be better in distinguishing anterior mediastinal tumors.

For more helpful information in the diagnosis of mature teratoma after CT, MRI may follow.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Application of robotic-assisted techniques to the surgical evaluation and treatment of the anteriormediastinum.

BACKGROUND: We report our initial experience with the application of robotic-assisted technologies to the treatment of diseases of the anteriormediastinum.

METHODS: Between October 2001 and December 2003, 18 consecutive patients with anterior mediastinal masses were referred for diagnosis and treatment.

One patient underwent robotic-assisted biopsy of a mass that was later determined to be a poorly differentiated carcinoma, 3 patients underwent complete thymectomy by median sternotomy for biopsy-proven extracapsular thymoma, 7 patients had thymoma, and 3 had myasthenia gravis.

Corresponding CT scans from different sessions were registered to remove setup error and, in this reference frame, the centroid of each nodal station was compared for right-left (RL), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) displacement.

[ISO-abbreviation] Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes

[Language] eng

[Publication-type] Case Reports; Journal Article

[Publication-country] Germany

94. Singhal M, Raina V, Gupta R, Das P: T cell-prolymphocytic leukemia detected in a patient of breast cancer at the time of recurrence: a case report.Cases J; 2010;3:4[Fulltext service] Download fulltext PDF of this article and others, as many as you want.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Histophotomicrograph of the excised breast lesion showed a 2.1 cm duct carcinoma, positive for ER and PR with 1 out of 25 lymph nodes positive for metastasis.

Immunophenotying, established a diagnosis of post thymic T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest and abdomen was done which revealed an anterior mediastinal mass with destruction of sternum along with multiple small nodular shadows in bilateral lung fields suggestive of lung metastasis.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[Title] Indications and results of anterior mediastinal tracheostomy for malignancies.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess the early and long-term results, and determine suitable indications of anterior mediastinal tracheostomy, after radical resection for cervicothoracic malignancies.

METHODS: From 1985 to 2009, 13 patients ranging in age from 40 to 75 years underwent an anterior mediastinal tracheostomy for malignancy, 2 as an isolated procedure, 5 with concomitant laryngectomy, and 6 with concomitant laryngopharyngoesophagectomy.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Between January 1993 and December 2004, 68 patients with mediastinal pathology were submitted to diagnosis surgery.

All the pathological process were located in the anteriormediastinum, and most of them were malignant (64.1%).

Seven cases consisted in ganglionar tuberculosis (10.3%), six cases were ganglionar metastases of lung adenocarcinoma (8.8%), and three cases were thymic carcinoma (4.4%).

One patient had no definite diagnosis (1.5%).

In this experience high diagnosis accuracy (98.5%), and low morbidity were demonstrated.

Although the present video assisted thoracic surgery progress and development, mediastinoscopy still remains as a reliable, safe and efficient surgical approach for the diagnosis ofmediastinal pathology.

[Source] The source of this record is MEDLINE®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

We present and discuss our experience with cytologic and histopathologic features of a mediastinal H-YST presenting with sternum metastasis, which to the best of our knowledge has not been previously reported.

Computed tomography of the thorax showed a large anterior mediastinal mass with sternum metastsis and multiple lung metastases.