1.
Projektor
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A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image onto a surface, commonly a projection screen. Most projectors create an image by shining a light through a transparent lens. A virtual retinal display, or retinal projector, is a projector that projects an image directly on the retina instead of using a projection screen. The most common type of projector used today is called a video projector. Video projectors are digital replacements for earlier types of such as slide projectors. These earlier types of projectors were replaced with digital video projectors throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. The newest types of projectors are handheld projectors that use lasers or LEDs to project images and their projections are hard to see if there is too much ambient light. Movie theaters used a type of projector called a movie projector, spectators not always provided the details needed to differentiate between for instance a shadow play and a lantern projection. Many did not understand the nature of what they had seen, projections were often presented or perceived as magic or even as religious experiences, with most projectionists unwilling to share their secrets. Shadow play usually does not involve a projection device, but can be seen as a first step in the development of projectors. It evolved into more refined forms of puppetry in Asia. Projectors share a history with cameras in the camera obscura. The oldest known record of this principle is a description by Han Chinese philosopher Mozi, Mozi correctly asserted that the camera obscura image is inverted because light travels in straight lines from its source. In the 11th century Arab physicist Ibn al-Haytham described experiments with light through an opening in a darkened room. The use of a lens in the opening of a wall or closed window shutter of a room has been traced back to circa 1550. The shared history of camera and projector basically split with the introduction of the lantern in the later half of the 17th century. The camera obscura device would mostly live on as an aid in the form of tents. The oldest known objects that can project images are Chinese magic mirrors, the origins of these mirrors have been traced back to the Chinese Han dynasty and are also found in Japan. The mirrors were cast in bronze with a pattern embossed at the back, the pattern seen on the back of the mirror is seen in a projection when light is reflected from the polished front onto a wall or other surface

2.
Bild (Fotografie)
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A photograph or photo is an image created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface, usually photographic film or an electronic medium such as a CCD or a CMOS chip. Most photographs are created using a camera, which uses a lens to focus the scenes visible wavelengths of light into a reproduction of what the eye would see. The process and practice of creating photographs is called photography, the word photograph was coined in 1839 by Sir John Herschel and is based on the Greek φῶς, meaning light, and γραφή, meaning drawing, writing, together meaning drawing with light. The first permanent photograph, a copy of an engraving, was made in 1822 using the bitumen-based heliography process developed by Nicéphore Niépce. In 1829 Niépce entered into a partnership with Louis Daguerre and the two collaborated to work out a similar but more sensitive and otherwise improved process, after Niépces death in 1833, Daguerre concentrated on silver halide-based alternatives. He named this first practical process for making photographs with a camera the daguerreotype and its existence was announced to the world on 7 January 1839 but working details were not made public until 19 August. Other inventors soon made improvements which reduced the exposure time from a few minutes to a few seconds, making portrait photography truly practical. The daguerreotype had shortcomings, notably the fragility of the image surface. Each was a unique opaque positive that could only be duplicated by copying it with a camera, inventors set about working out improved processes that would be more practical. By the end of the 1850s the daguerreotype had been replaced by the expensive and more easily viewed ambrotype and tintype. The mid-1930s saw the introduction of Kodachrome and Agfacolor Neu, the first easy-to-use color films of the modern multi-layer chromogenic type, the needs of the motion picture industry generated a number of special processes and systems, perhaps the best-known being the now-obsolete three-strip Technicolor process. Non-digital photographs are produced with a chemical process. In the two-step process the film captures a negative image. To produce an image, the negative is most commonly transferred onto photographic paper. Printing the negative onto transparent film stock is used to motion picture films. Alternatively, the film is processed to invert the negative image, such positive images are usually mounted in frames, called slides. Before recent advances in photography, transparencies were widely used by professionals because of their sharpness. Most photographs published in magazines were taken on color transparency film, originally, all photographs were monochromatic or hand-painted in color

3.
The Haunted Mansion (Attraktion)
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Haunted Mansion is a dark ride attraction located at Disneyland, Magic Kingdom, and Tokyo Disneyland. The attraction, although differing slightly in every location, places riders inside a haunted manor resided by 999 happy haunts, Haunted Mansion features a ride-through tour in Omnimover vehicles called Doom Buggies, and a walk-through show is displayed to riders waiting in the line queue. The attraction utilizes a range of technology, from centuries-old theatrical effects to modern special effects featuring spectral Audio-Animatronics, Haunted Mansion has inspired two similarly-themed attractions, Phantom Manor and Mystic Manor, which exist at Disneyland Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland, respectively. The idea for the Mansion predates Disneyland and WED Enterprises, to when Walt Disney hired the first of his Imagineers, the first known illustration of the park showed a main street setting, green fields, western village and a carnival. Disney assigned Imagineer Ken Anderson to create a story using Goffs idea, plans were made to build a New Orleans-themed land in the small transition area between Frontierland and Adventureland. Weeks later, New Orleans Square appeared on the map and promised a thieves market, a pirate wax museum. Disney, however, did not like the idea of a building in his pristine park. He visited the Winchester Mystery House in San Jose, California, and was captivated by the mansion with its stairs to nowhere, doors that opened to walls and holes. Imagineers Rolly Crump and Yale Gracey recreated Ken Andersons stories in a studio at WED enterprise, in 1961, handbills announcing a 1963 opening of the Haunted Mansion were given out at Disneylands main entrance. Construction began a year later, and the exterior was completed in 1963, the attraction was previewed in a 1965 episode of Walt Disneys Wonderful World of Color, but the attraction itself would not open until 1969. The six-year delay owed heavily to Disneys involvement in the New York Worlds Fair in 1964–1965, after the fair, many Imagineers such as Marc Davis, X Atencio and Claude Coats contributed ideas to the project. By this time, Ken Anderson had left the project, Walt liked these ideas and wanted to make the proclaimed Museum of the Weird, a restaurant side to the now-named Haunted Mansion, similar to the Blue Bayou at Pirates of the Caribbean. Though this concept was never realized, some of its aspects found their way into the final attraction, guests would be able to see transparent ghosts and other eerie apparitions, by using the Pepper’s Ghost technique that was used in the theater since the early 1800s. Crump and Gracey were eventually given an entire warehouse to house their developments and they complied, but put motion sensors in the room that would extinguish the lights and turn on all the ghost effects when triggered. The next morning, they came in and found all the ghost effects still running, personnel called and said that the janitors would not be back. ”Marc Davis and Claude Coats, two of the mansions main designers, disagreed whether the ride should be scary or funny. Claude, originally a background artist, wanted a scary adventure, Marc, an animator and character designer, proposed many zany spook characters and thought the ride should be silly and full of gags. In the end, both artists got their ways when X Atencio combined their approaches and ideas, creating a transition from dark foreboding to spirited fun. The ride narration was performed by Paul Frees in the role of the Ghost Host, the attractions theme song, Grim Grinning Ghosts, was composed by Buddy Baker with lyrics written by X Atencio

4.
Themenfahrt
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The size of each room containing a scene or scenes is thus concealed, and the set designer is able to use forced perspective and other visual tricks to create the illusion of distance. Typically, these experiences also use a series of opaque doors between scenes to control the views of the audience within a space-constrained building. The first dark rides appeared in the late 19th century and were called scenic railways, a popular type of dark ride, commonly referred to as an old mill or tunnel of love, used small boats to carry riders through water-filled canals. A Trip to the Moon began operation at the 1901 Pan-American Exposition, leon Cassidy of the Pretzel Amusement Ride Company patented the first single-rail electric dark ride in 1928. Historically notable dark rides include Futurama at the 1939 New York Worlds Fair, modern attractions in this genre vary widely in their use of technology. To improve the effect and give a sense of journey, passages in dark rides frequently change direction, sudden curves give a sense of surprise and allow new scenes to surprise the rider. The rides may also feature sudden ascents or descents to further the excitement, Dark rides have a number of variations that are not necessarily mutually exclusive. In the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia, dark rides with a theme are called ghost trains. This name is reserved for travelling funfair-type dark rides. The first ride to use the name ghost train was that of Blackpool Pleasure Beach and it was rebuilt in 1936 and has remained unchanged since. Blackpool Pleasure Beach is also home to Valhalla, the worlds largest indoor dark ride, known for its many complicated effects, also, Derren Browns Ghost Train at Thorpe Park, despite containing the phrase ghost train in its name, is not actually a ghost train per se. In Australia, a ride is named The Ghost Train at Luna Park, Melbourne. As the name suggests, interactive dark rides feature a component that allows the riders to be involved directly in the story of the attraction, the vast majority of interactive dark rides are shooting dark rides, with a small number featuring different forms of interaction. A shooting dark ride requires riders to aim and shoot at targets throughout the ride, each vehicle is equipped with hand-held or vehicle-mounted light guns. Successfully shooting a target usually triggers special animation such as flashing lights or moving the target, the more targets riders hit, the higher their scores at the end of the ride. The ride systems used for conventional dark rides allow for the conversion into shooting dark rides. This conversion is evident in Duel, The Haunted House Strikes Back. at Alton Towers, the latter uses facilities that previously housed If You Had Wings, Delta Dreamflight, and Take Flight. A recent dark ride, Wonder Mountains Guardian based at Canadas Wonderland, has the worlds longest interactive screen, aside from shooting dark rides, other interactive dark rides do exist

5.
Guerilla-Marketing
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Guerrilla marketing is an advertisement strategy concept designed for businesses to promote their products or services in an unconventional way with little budget to spend. This involves high energy and imagination focusing on grasping the attention of the public in more personal, some large companies use unconventional advertisement techniques, proclaiming to be guerrilla marketing but those companies will have larger budget and the brand is already visible. Guerrilla marketing is a concept that has arisen as we move from traditional media to more online and it is a concept that was created by Jay Conrad Levinson when he wrote the book Guerrilla Marketing in 1984. It is a way of advertising that increases engagement with the product or service, for guerrilla campaigns to be successful companies don’t need to spend large amounts, they just need to have imagination, energy and time. As opposed to traditional media Guerrilla marketing cannot be measured by statistics, sales and it is designed to cut through clutter of traditional advertising and have no mystery about what is being advertised. The message to consumers will be clear and concise, the business will not diversify the message to the consumer and this type of marketing also works on the unconscious mind, as purchases quite often are decided by the unconscious mind. To keep the product or service in the mind means repetition is needed, so if a buzz is created around a product. Two types of marketing encompassed by guerrilla marketing are viral marketing, one of the goals of this interaction is to cause an emotional reaction in the clients and the final goal of marketing is to get people to remember brands in a different way than they are used to. The technique involves from flyer distribution in public spaces to creating an operation at major event or festival mostly without directly connecting to the event, the challenge with any guerrilla marketing campaign is to find the correct place and time to do the operation without getting involved in legal issues. According to Marcel Saucet,2013, the different types of marketing are ambient, ambush, stealth, viral. It is a compilation of intelligence, flexibility, and effective use of the atmosphere, simply put, ambush marketing involves advertisers leveraging opportunities by associating themselves with a particular event, all while successfully leaving their financial resources untapped. It is typically seen at events where rivals of official sponsors use creative and sometimes covert tactics to build an association with the event. Stealth marketing is an act of entering, operating in, or exiting a market in a furtive, secretive or imperceptible manner. People get involved with the product without them knowing that they are the part of advertisement campaign. This needs to be implemented with uttermost covertness because if the participants become aware of the campaign, Viral marketing describes any strategy that encourages individuals to pass on a marketing message to others, creating the potential for exponential growth in the message’s exposure and influence. Like viruses, such strategies take advantage of rapid multiplication to explode the message to thousands, similarly, buzz marketing uses high-profile media to encourage the public to discuss the brand or product. Buzz marketing works best when consumer’s responses to a product or service and subsequent endorsements are genuine, Buzz generated from buzz marketing campaigns is referred to as amplified WOM, and organic WOM is when buzz occurs naturally by the consumer. In 1976, biofeedback and psychophysiological instrument manufacturer Thought Technology Ltd. was one of the earliest organizations to use this practice, ten years prior to the terms official use, Thought Technology implemented buzz marketing at the International Exhibition of Inventions and New Techniques in Geneva

6.
Vice (Magazin)
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Vice is a print magazine and website focused on arts, culture, and news topics. As of February 2015, the magazines Chief Creative Officer was Eddy Moretti, Andrew Creighton is President, as of October 2014, there were 29 Vice offices on every continent except Africa and Antarctica. The monthly publication is frequently focused on a single theme, when the editors later sought to dissolve their commitments with the original publisher Alix Laurent, they bought him out and changed the name to Vice in 1996. Richard Szalwinski, a Canadian software millionaire, acquired the magazine and relocated the operation to New York City, following the relocation, the magazine quickly developed a reputation for provocative and politically incorrect content. Under Szalwinskis ownership, a few stores were opened in New York City. However, due to the end of the bubble, the three founders eventually regained ownership of the Vice brand, followed by the closure of the stores. The British edition of Vice was launched in 2002 and Andy Capper was its first editor. The media company was based in New York City, but the magazine began featuring articles on topics that were considered more serious, such as armed conflict in Iraq. Alvi explained to The New York Times in November 2007, The world is bigger than the Lower East Side. McInnes left the publication in 2008, citing creative differences as the primary issue, in an email communication dated 23 January, McInnes explained, I no longer have anything to do with Vice or VBS or DOs & DONTs or any of that. Its a long story but weve all agreed to leave it at creative differences, at the commencement of 2012, an article in Forbes magazine referred to the Vice company as Vice Media, but the precise time when this title development occurred is not public knowledge. Vice acquired the fashion magazine i-D in December 2012 and, by February 2013, Vice produced 24 global editions of the magazine, by this stage, Alex Miller had replaced Capper as the editor-in-chief of the UK edition. Furthermore, Vice consisted of 800 worldwide employees, including 100 in London, Vice magazine includes the work of journalists, columnists, fiction writers, graphic artists and cartoonists, and photographers. Both Vices online and magazine content has shifted from dealing mostly with independent arts, articles on the site feature a range of subjects, often things not covered as by mainstream media. Entire issues of the magazine have also dedicated to the concerns of Iraqi people, Native Americans, Russian people, people with mental disorders. Vice also publishes a guide for students in the United Kingdom. In 2007, a Vice announcement was published on the Internet, After umpteen years of putting out what amounted to a book every month. Besides, too many other magazines have ripped it and started doing their own take on themes