The history of aikido is most of all
the story of its founder Morihei Ueshiba. Morihei Ueshiba was born in a small
town called Tanabe a hundred kilometres from Osaka in December 1883. Even as a
child he had a strong interest in philosophy and spiritual ideas and began to
study Zen-Buddhism at the age of ten. He was equally interested in the martial
arts of Japan. At the age of twelve he had to watch how his father was beaten up
by political opponents. This experience increased his desire to study martial
arts. Morihei Ueshiba studied with several teachers. One of them was the Jujutsu
sword master Masakatsu Nakai whose hand and foot movements where later further
developed in Aikido.Ueshiba finished his military service in 1910 and decided to
move to Hokkaido the northern part of Japan where he settled down as a farmer.
In the cold climate of the north and through heavy physical work he developed
extraordinary physical strength.It was also on Hokkaido that he met Sokaku
Takeda one of the leading and toughest masters of martial arts of that time.
With him Ueshiba studied the Daito-ryo Jujutsu, a tradition that can be traced
back as far as the 9.century a.d.

In 1918 Ueshiba received a telegram
informing him that his father is very ill and Ueshiba left Hokkaido to rush to
his father´s death bed. On that journey he heared of a spiritual teacher called
Deguchi who had founded a new shinto religion known as the Omote-kyo. Ueshiba
decides to call on Deguchi in order to ask for help in healing his father.
Meeting Deguchi and learning about his spiritual insights had a lasting impact
on Ueshiba bringing about a radical change to his life from this point on.

Ueshiba turned to even more intense
spiritual practice and brought his family with him to Deguchi in order to learn
from him. Deguchi taught Ueshiba a method of meditation called Chinkon Kishin
that derives from the old Shinto religion and can be compared to tantric
practise of visualisation used in Hindu religion and in Tibet. It is a method to
calm the mind and return to the devine principle. In order to balance body and
mind certain energetic and symbolic hand and finger locks are being used. These
are called Mudras in Sanskrit and are well known in Buddhism as well as hindu
religious practise. Every morning and prior to every trainig session Ueshiba
practised Chinkon-Kishin that is also closely related to ritual cleansing
exercises called Misogi. This includes external ablution with cold water as well
as specific breathing patterns that purify the organic system and bring the mind
into a focus.

The main doctrine of Omote-ryo
derives from Kotodama, a science of sound and mind.This science reaches back to
the tantric system of Sphota Wada of ancient India and found it´s way to Japan
in the 9th century a.d. called Shingon, “the true sound“.

The most noble word in Sanskrit,
Shabda Brahman, is said to be the heart of the creation.The christian doctrine
says: In the beginning was the word and the word was with god and the word was
god (Jac.1.chapter). This highest word, this highest sound gives birth to fifty
pure sounds which form the fifty letters of the Sanskrit alphabet. These sounds
are related to certain vibrations or energies which are said to be the begining
creation and can be experienced as sound, as colour and as a form.

Thus the essence of Aikido comprises
of Misogi and the inner experience through the science of Kotodama that is based
on the system of Kashmir Shivaism in tantric Yoga.

Morihei Ueshiba had such an inner
experience in 1925. A navy officer asked to be admitted to Ueshibas training but
was refused by him. Inraged by this affront the officer draws his sword and
furiously attaks Ueshiba. He is however not able to strike Ueshiba because he
senses the movement in advance and simply steps aside. Shortly after this
incident Ueshiba has an experience of enlightenment. He experiences the unity with
the universl energy and learns that the true Budo is an expression of love
protecting all living beings. This enlightning experience has a revolutionary
effect on his life and bestows a new dimension on his studies.

In 1927 Ueshiba moves to Tokyo where
he opens an eighty tatami big Aikido school called the Kobukan which was also
attended by members of the japanese royal family. The Kobukan Dojo was the
centre of Ueshibas Daito-ryo Aikijitsu for 11 years. In the end of the 1930s he
renames his art Aiki-Budo

After Japan entered the second world
war more and more military staff came to the Dojo. Feeling restricted by several
political affairs Ueshiba decided to hand over the dojo in Tokyo to his son and
move to the country himself where he built a new small dojo in Iwama.

The Aiki-shrine had a size of 40
tatamies and was built for only a small number of students. In 1942 the name
Aikido was officialy announced being the result of a reorganisation of the
Japanese Martial Arts under the Dai-Nihon-Butokukai. Ueshiba explained later
that he had perfected the modern Aikido in the years between 1942 and 49 and many
of his senior students recalled their astonishment at the changes of the
movements they witnessed after the war.In the 1950s Ueshiba travels throughout
Japan in order to teach. In 1961 he opens the Honolulu Aikikai Dojo on Hawaii,
the first Aikido Dojo outside Japan.

Ueshiba spends his last years in
Tokyo and Iwama teaching continuously till february 1969. A medical examination
reveals that Ueshiba has liver cancer and he dies in April 1969.

To experienc the essence of Aikido it
is inevitable to master the mind and bring it to a high state of concentration.
In Japanese Zen-Buddhism the word “Nen“ describes a mind that has the ability to
focus on one object without distraction. According to Master Ueshiba the body
is a manifestation of the mind that was created by the universe. The connecting
factor between mind and body is the breath which is the finest physical essence.
In order to control the mind one needs to bring about control of breath.

With the ability to produce “Nen“ the
mind becomes clear like a mirror and the mind gains the ability to reflect all
objects and principles of the universe and to control Ki. Only “Nen“ has the
power to control body and mind. Only through the assumption of “Nen“ the
miraculous powers can be explained that Morihi Ueshiba could forward. Again and
again he starteled his students with extraordinary demonstrations of Ki in order
to encourage them to develop their own personality and achieve the same
universal experience as he did.

Aikido can be divided into three
steps. The first step are the physical movements, the Aikido techniques called
“Waza“ wich are ment to clean body and mind. The second step is the mastery of
breath called “Kokyo“. The third step is Misogi cleansing of body and mind
including studies of Kotodama a mantric school of meditation.The mere physical
techniques are limited to the body alone. To bring about an expansion of the
mind a meditation practice is inevitable. An Aikido practitioner who really
wants to study the essence of Aikido has to master all three steps of
Aikido.Without Misogi and Kotodama meditation it is impossible to attain a
universal experience.

Using the words of the founder one
can say that Martial Art is a training of a power that is lying within ones own
inner self. This power needs to be developed and can then be used to absorb the
power of others without using any agression. True Budo brings about an order to
those universal energies that protect peace and express universal love. Having
the realization of the spiritual self as a personal goal, Aikido can be a
profound means of self realization.