Conclusion of the Griffith Experiment: Whatever the genetic material is, it survived heating and could be transferred into R cells, stably converting them into S cells The big question remains: What component of S cell debris caused the conversion of R cells into S cells?????? Need to separate the bacterial debris into individual components

Figure 11-2 Genetic Transformation by bacteria (Avery et al., 1944) Spent 10 years working on this

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genetic material… • DNA found only in the nucleus, and the nucleus is intimately involved in heredity; • Amount of DNA in all cells of an organism is constant, except for sperm and egg, where it is half of other cells; • Under normal circumstances, DNA is never degraded; protein is made and degraded in the normal course of events …….this is all indirect evidence….we need some direct data!

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