Being a major agricultural country in the world, China produces hundreds of millions of tons of agriculture byproducts annually, of which, however, only approximately 60%, significantly lower than that in developed countries, are used. There is still much room for exploiting the resources of agro-based byproducts. A large volume of studies have been done focusing on recycling of agro-based byproducts. Using agricultural byproducts to produce low-cost bioadsorbents intended for wastewater treatment is one topic, and moreover a promising one, which will not only offer a new approach to the exploition of resources for agricultural byproducts, but also supply with a new kind of low-cost bioadsorbent for wastewater treatment. A review of the researches in this field is presented, introducing 3 ways to produce adsorbents with agricultural byproducts, i.e. crude agricultural-byproduct-based adsorbents, chemically modified adsorbents and physically modified adsorbents, summarizing problems faced in the researches and discussing prospects of future researches.