Tuesday, March 2, 2010

Sand, Alternative Energy Future..ENERGY is an important part in public life for nearly all human activity always requires energy. Eg for lighting, industrial processes or to move the necessary household electrical energy; to move the vehicle either two or four wheels is needed gasoline, and there are many tools around human life requires energy.

MOST of the energy used in Indonesia comes from fossil energy in the form of oil and natural gas. Energy can also be obtained from the turbine driven by water and generate electric energy.

Are now widely known natural potential in providing alternative energy from fossil energy, including energy from nuclear reactors, energy from wind power or energy from the sun, and so forth.

Why this should be considered as an alternative energy for the future? This problem starts from the supply of fossil energy is limited and is expected to expire in the next few years.

Thus, many countries, especially those who do not have supplies of fossil energy and depend on the exporting countries of oil and gas, has started to prepare themselves to find alternative energy and make national programs for energy savings.

Both activities carried out in parallel, the involvement of big government in the implementation of these programs, particularly in information dissemination of research results and development in the field of energy.

At the annual meeting of the experts silisium in May 2000 in Tromse, Norway, as Stren magazine reported on 9 November 2000, obtained the idea of using sand as a source of alternative energy future which is expressed by Prof. Nobert Auner from the University of Frankfurt, Germany.

This idea gained after he listened to a presentation from PT Tamme Gudrun Wacker, Berghausen, Germany, on "Silisium and Copper in the production of silicon dioxide is a dangerous mix?".

This theme is made based on experience PT Wacker in 1998 to produce silane (intermediate products in the production process of silicon).

Silisium storage silo and copper dioxide showed an increase in very high temperatures, from room temperature to 200 degrees Celsius and mixed materials in the silo has become very hard.

Next silo contents is reduced to half, with the hope the temperature will fall. However, the temperature in the silo is still high, even temperatures in the middle of the silo showed the number 400 degrees Celsius.

The workers tried lowering the temperature of the silo with the way the water splashed on the outside of the silo, because it is very dangerous when water reacts with silisium the heat reaction will occur, extraordinary, could even cause an explosion in the silo.

These efforts have not succeeded, and then pursued the effort with the flow of nitrogen gas and argon gas to further reduce the temperature of the silo. Businesses that adopted this last show positive results, the temperature of the silo back to normal.

At the time of the distribution of argon gas into the silo, discovery of a "lava" in the ingredient mix in the silo.

This lava which gives an idea of Prof. Nobert Auner to use sand which has its main constituent silisium can be used as a source of alternative energy future.

That condition is the basic idea of using sand as a fuel. Based on the condition that occurs in the PT Wacker and research at the University of Frankfurt, then there are several possibilities in the utilization of the sand.

1. Sand found in many places, whether in the form of rocks or sand as found in the desert. Composed mostly of sand by silisiumdioksida, which can be used as raw material production silisium.

In a silisiumdioksida processing or materials silisium metal gray can use environmentally friendly energy and provided by nature, namely wind energy or energy from the sun.

Silisium is non-toxic materials and has the energy content such as carbon, which is the core of fossil energy.

The energy stored in a secure silisium because of the chemical bond, and can be moved to another place safely. As a comparison material in table I show the amount of energy produced by alternative energy sources. See Table 1.

2. Silisium pure raw materials industry is worth billions of dollars, because silisium is the raw material for producing computer chips and silicon.

Of silicone still can be produced several kinds of advanced products such as paint-making materials, artificial breasts, cosmetic ingredients, contact-lens, ceramics, and tires.

When done the production process into silicon silisium side product obtained liquid, Tetramethylsilan (TMS) which have an energy fuel for gasoline from petroleum. If TMS is burned, it will produce energy and CO2 gas is less than gasoline and clean sand.

Thus, TMS can be used as an alternative fuel future, although keep in mind that sand produced during the combustion process.

3. Silisium reactor is environmentally friendly reactor, because in the combustion process to produce energy, this reactor using O2 and N2 gases are widely available in the free air.

Heat generated from the combustion process can be used to run a turbine that can generate electrical energy.

In addition to the heat energy produced in the combustion process also produced silisium sand and nitrite, which can be used to produce ceramic or glass. Moreover, nitrites silisium be used as scratch-resistant coating, air humidity, fire, and acid.

Besides, the gas produced has a composition of 80 percent of gas N2, CO2, and O2 is similar to the composition of gases in the atmosphere so that not a lot of pollution problems.

As the silisium nitrite itself can produce NH3 or ammonia gas, which can also be used as motor fuel or cars in the future. In addition, ammonia can also be used as raw materials or the manufacture of urea nitrogen fertilizer.

If this can be done, it will be done to improve the process of producing urea fertilizer, which is not used anymore by the classical process Haber-Bosch that require temperature and high pressure and require expensive processing fee.

In addition, CO2 gas, which was issued during the process can be used as raw material manufacture methane, gasoline fuel substitute. The burning of methane gas will produce more CO2, but according to Daniel Herbst of the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, can also produce liquid fuel that is free of CO2 through biotechnology processes or electrolysis.

Prior knowledge about the use of sand as an alternative fuel in the future remains to be developed further. But this scientific breakthrough require attention from all stakeholders including government, corporate, and research institutions or universities that give priority in future energy development.

In Indonesia, which has been pampered with a variety of facilities natural wealth, is still very low attention to the use of energy effectively.

This is especially needed to be changed to anticipate the globalization era is getting closer, because the issue of energy usage or energy management and environmental management will become an important issue from the products of world trade.

With the implementation of ISO 14000 on environmental management and ISO 14040 on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) further reminds us that managing the environment, natural resources and energy management will become one of the important issues in the world of international trade.

Sand, Alternative Energy Future..ENERGY is an important part in public life for nearly all human activity always requires energy. Eg for lighting, industrial processes or to move the necessary household electrical energy; to move the vehicle either two or four wheels is needed gasoline, and there are many tools around human life requires energy.

MOST of the energy used in Indonesia comes from fossil energy in the form of oil and natural gas. Energy can also be obtained from the turbine driven by water and generate electric energy.

Are now widely known natural potential in providing alternative energy from fossil energy, including energy from nuclear reactors, energy from wind power or energy from the sun, and so forth.

Why this should be considered as an alternative energy for the future? This problem starts from the supply of fossil energy is limited and is expected to expire in the next few years.

Thus, many countries, especially those who do not have supplies of fossil energy and depend on the exporting countries of oil and gas, has started to prepare themselves to find alternative energy and make national programs for energy savings.

Both activities carried out in parallel, the involvement of big government in the implementation of these programs, particularly in information dissemination of research results and development in the field of energy.

At the annual meeting of the experts silisium in May 2000 in Tromse, Norway, as Stren magazine reported on 9 November 2000, obtained the idea of using sand as a source of alternative energy future which is expressed by Prof. Nobert Auner from the University of Frankfurt, Germany.

This idea gained after he listened to a presentation from PT Tamme Gudrun Wacker, Berghausen, Germany, on "Silisium and Copper in the production of silicon dioxide is a dangerous mix?".

This theme is made based on experience PT Wacker in 1998 to produce silane (intermediate products in the production process of silicon).

Silisium storage silo and copper dioxide showed an increase in very high temperatures, from room temperature to 200 degrees Celsius and mixed materials in the silo has become very hard.

Next silo contents is reduced to half, with the hope the temperature will fall. However, the temperature in the silo is still high, even temperatures in the middle of the silo showed the number 400 degrees Celsius.

The workers tried lowering the temperature of the silo with the way the water splashed on the outside of the silo, because it is very dangerous when water reacts with silisium the heat reaction will occur, extraordinary, could even cause an explosion in the silo.

These efforts have not succeeded, and then pursued the effort with the flow of nitrogen gas and argon gas to further reduce the temperature of the silo. Businesses that adopted this last show positive results, the temperature of the silo back to normal.

At the time of the distribution of argon gas into the silo, discovery of a "lava" in the ingredient mix in the silo.

This lava which gives an idea of Prof. Nobert Auner to use sand which has its main constituent silisium can be used as a source of alternative energy future.

That condition is the basic idea of using sand as a fuel. Based on the condition that occurs in the PT Wacker and research at the University of Frankfurt, then there are several possibilities in the utilization of the sand.

1. Sand found in many places, whether in the form of rocks or sand as found in the desert. Composed mostly of sand by silisiumdioksida, which can be used as raw material production silisium.

In a silisiumdioksida processing or materials silisium metal gray can use environmentally friendly energy and provided by nature, namely wind energy or energy from the sun.

Silisium is non-toxic materials and has the energy content such as carbon, which is the core of fossil energy.

The energy stored in a secure silisium because of the chemical bond, and can be moved to another place safely. As a comparison material in table I show the amount of energy produced by alternative energy sources. See Table 1.

2. Silisium pure raw materials industry is worth billions of dollars, because silisium is the raw material for producing computer chips and silicon.

Of silicone still can be produced several kinds of advanced products such as paint-making materials, artificial breasts, cosmetic ingredients, contact-lens, ceramics, and tires.

When done the production process into silicon silisium side product obtained liquid, Tetramethylsilan (TMS) which have an energy fuel for gasoline from petroleum. If TMS is burned, it will produce energy and CO2 gas is less than gasoline and clean sand.

Thus, TMS can be used as an alternative fuel future, although keep in mind that sand produced during the combustion process.

3. Silisium reactor is environmentally friendly reactor, because in the combustion process to produce energy, this reactor using O2 and N2 gases are widely available in the free air.

Heat generated from the combustion process can be used to run a turbine that can generate electrical energy.

In addition to the heat energy produced in the combustion process also produced silisium sand and nitrite, which can be used to produce ceramic or glass. Moreover, nitrites silisium be used as scratch-resistant coating, air humidity, fire, and acid.

Besides, the gas produced has a composition of 80 percent of gas N2, CO2, and O2 is similar to the composition of gases in the atmosphere so that not a lot of pollution problems.

As the silisium nitrite itself can produce NH3 or ammonia gas, which can also be used as motor fuel or cars in the future. In addition, ammonia can also be used as raw materials or the manufacture of urea nitrogen fertilizer.

If this can be done, it will be done to improve the process of producing urea fertilizer, which is not used anymore by the classical process Haber-Bosch that require temperature and high pressure and require expensive processing fee.

In addition, CO2 gas, which was issued during the process can be used as raw material manufacture methane, gasoline fuel substitute. The burning of methane gas will produce more CO2, but according to Daniel Herbst of the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, can also produce liquid fuel that is free of CO2 through biotechnology processes or electrolysis.

Prior knowledge about the use of sand as an alternative fuel in the future remains to be developed further. But this scientific breakthrough require attention from all stakeholders including government, corporate, and research institutions or universities that give priority in future energy development.

In Indonesia, which has been pampered with a variety of facilities natural wealth, is still very low attention to the use of energy effectively.

This is especially needed to be changed to anticipate the globalization era is getting closer, because the issue of energy usage or energy management and environmental management will become an important issue from the products of world trade.

With the implementation of ISO 14000 on environmental management and ISO 14040 on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) further reminds us that managing the environment, natural resources and energy management will become one of the important issues in the world of international trade.