CONVICTS Australian Penal colonies (petty offences: larceny - Large number of Irish)

First Speakers: the native-born children of the colony • Children born in New South Wales • Exposed to different dialects from all over the British Isles, (Ireland and South East England) • 1820 Recognition of Australian English as different from British English • 1901 Federation of Australia - 6 British colonies formed 1 nation • English: no official status, but de facto official language and 1st language used

3. Pronunciation & Spelling STANDARD AUSTRALIAN ENGLISH • Most people raised in Australia • Broadness continuum 1965 • Broad (34%) • General (55%) The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain • Cultivated (11%) * The general category is increasing at the expense of broad and cultivated • Dominant variety, but not the only one: • Aboriginal English • Various ethno-cultural AusE dialects (e.g. Lebspeak)

ANDY: HEAR YE, HEAR YE. THIS SESSION WILL NOW COME TO ORDER. WITH THE COOPERATION OF THE US DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WE HAVE PRESENT TODAY ONE BART SIMPSON. I BELIEVE HE HAS SOMETHING TO SAY. BART? BART: I'M SORRY. I'M SORRY FOR WHAT I DID TO YOUR COUNTRY. ANDY: WELL, YOU'RE FREE TO GO, BART... RIGHT AFTER YOUR__ADDITIONAL PUNISHMENT. HOMER: PUNISHMENT? ANDY: WELL, A MERE__APOLOGY WOULD BE A BIT EMPTY, EH? LET THE BOOTING BEGIN. HOMER: BOOTING? ANDY: AW, IT'S JUST A LITTLE KICK IN THE BUM.

5. Grammar • Collective nouns concord in singular • E.g.: The team is winning. • “Different from / to” rather than “different than” • E.g.: My car is different from yours. • Present Perfect  Simple Past • E.g.: He has played for us last year • Usedn’t to • E.g.: He usedn’t to go to Church everyday. • May = might/could • E.g.: If we found out who caused the problem, we may solve it. • Mustn’t = can’t • E.g.: He mustn’t have wanted the money.

4. Australian Vocabulary A B O R I G I N A L Kangaroo Koala Wombat Emu CurrawongkookaburraGalah bindieyecalomboboreebanksiaquandongmallee boomerangcorroboree: dancejackeroo: farm manager Other words 1/3 A NEW REALITY HAD TO BE DESCRIBED