QUESTION

METHODS

Design:

randomised controlled trial.

Allocation:

unclear allocation concealment.

Blinding:

unblinded.

Follow-up period:

8 months.

Setting:

university hospital in Vermont, USA.

Patients:

55 patients ⩾18 years of age (mean age 46 y, 84% women) who had chronic musculoskeletal pain for ⩾6 months with severity scores
⩾4 out of 10 and had completed 11 weeks of group cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for pain management. Exclusion criteria
included cancer-related pain, awaiting surgery, mental illness, and cognitive or hearing impairment.