Wall Street was also expected to fall on the open — Dow Jones industrials futures were down 2.1 percent at 9,837 while Standard & Poor's 500 futures were 2.5 percent lower at 1,043.80.

The euro slid to $1.2204 early Tuesday from $1.2398 in New York overnight and not far from the four-year low of $1.2146 it traded at last week.

News of a bank failure in Spain and the prospect of more painful austerity measures across the region renewed investors' worries about growth in Europe and its impact on major trading partners like the U.S., Japan and China.

The Italian government was due to announce public sector spending cuts to reduce the deficit by euro25 billion ($31 billion) by 2012 in a bid to convince markets that the country can handle its high debt load. On Monday, the International Monetary Fund said Spain, which has already passed tough austerity measures, needed to urgently and radically reform its labor market while consolidating the banking sector.

European officials also remained downbeat.

EU Economy Commissioner Olli Rehn predicted Tuesday that growth in the 27-nation bloc won't top 1.5 percent and the jobless rate will stay close to current highs without reforms over the next five years. He called for greater flexibility for the services sector and the labor market.

Analysts said the coming days will be important for market sentiment — whether investors believe the European Union's $1 trillion rescue package for eurozone countries can avoid a sharp fall in the euro and protect countries from bankruptcy.

"The test for markets over the rest of this week is whether the panic can pass, and a more measured appraisal return," said Daragh Maher, currency analyst at Credit Agricole CIB.

He noted that while the euro is likely to continue to weaken, the EU rescue measures have addressed the main market pitfalls — by giving Greece time to cut its debt and guaranteeing eurozone countries against the risk of default — which should help stymie any sharp sell-off in the short-term.

In Asia, stock indexes were hit hard by the escalating tensions in the Korean peninsula.

A group in South Korea that monitors events in North Korea said Tuesday that Kim Jong Il last week ordered the military to get ready for combat, shortly after South Korea officially blamed his regime for the March 26 sinking of one of its warships that killed 46 sailors.

South Korean officials and other North Korea monitoring groups could not immediately confirm the report by Seoul-based North Korea Intellectuals Solidarity, which cited unidentified sources in North Korea. The Defense Ministry and the Joint Chiefs of Staff said they have not obtained any signs suggesting unusual activity by North Korea's military.

South Korea's benchmark stock index dropped as much as 4.5 percent before recovering some to finish 2.8 percent down at 1,560.83 — its lowest close in more than three months. The South Korean won slid to its weakest level against the dollar in more than 10 months before paring some losses.

Japan's Nikkei 225 stock average shed 3.1 percent to 9,459.89 as the yen's strength against the common European currency hammered exporters.

Hong Kong's Hang Seng index fell 3.3 percent to 19,019.21 while benchmarks in Australia and Indonesia also lost more than 3 percent. Stock markets in India, Singapore and Thailand were down more than 2 percent and China dropped 1.9 percent.