Today it spent an hour communicating with Telstra's customer service assistant, they have been repeating saying problems that are not related to the Telstra system! and there must be something wrong with my own devices or router.

The report here is to prove that this problem really exists, and it is not related to the client side!

No doubt this is a problem with the Telstra BGP system.

Controversy is welcome and pointing out the possibility of missing in my test.

I can see the same on Telstra 4G in Melbourne (high latency and some congestion for baidu pan).

Your traceroute shows, possibly a problem between centurylink (who bought Qwest), and Unicom. Telstra Global has their own connection to Unicom in Hong Kong, but instead Telstra is using a US carrier to reach Unicom (this creates the high latency).