Instructions: Testing monarchs for OE

Transcription

1 Instructions: Testing monarchs for OE IMPORTANT: To avoid spreading OE parasite spores, wear disposable gloves for step 1 Option B and step 2. Also: After sampling each monarch: Wipe gloves with a disinfectant or baby wipe. After sampling every 5 monarchs: Change gloves. Wipe work area with 20% bleach. Once a month: Soak butterfly net in 10% bleach for 20 minutes and rinse with water. Things you will need that are not included in kit (due to shipping weight): Disinfectant or baby wipes Disposable gloves (any type) Glassine envelopes (These are useful if you want to temporarily hold monarchs before sampling. These can be purchased in packs of 100 at bioquip.com, catalog#1131c) 20% bleach-water mixture and spray bottle Pencil or pen and permanent marker For Option A below: Butterfly net For Option B below: Milkweed stalks from outside, plastic containers with air holes in lid, paper towels, ruler, scissors Step 1. Obtain a wild adult monarch (choose Option A or B). Option A Catch adult butterflies Catch a monarch butterfly using a butterfly net. (Tips at butterflyfunfacts.com/butterfly-net-tips.php) Grasp the monarch by holding the wings firmly shut with your thumb and forefinger (see photo). Place the monarch in a clean glassine envelope (see photo) until you are ready for Step 2. Crease the envelope shut. The monarch will move its legs around but will not be hurt. To avoid contamination, do not reuse envelopes. Wipe your hands with a disinfectant wipe or wash your hands before catching the next monarch. Catching and handling a monarch butterfly Holding a butterfly by keeping the wings closed 1

2 Option B Rear caterpillars until they emerge as adult butterflies Collect 4 th or 5 th instar monarch caterpillars ( older larvae, which are greater than 1.5 cm in length) from outdoor milkweed plants. (If you want to learn to identify instars, see Life-size 4 th instar Life-size 5 th instar 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th instars If you cannot find 4 th or 5 th instars caterpillars, you may rear younger larvae (less than 1.5 cm in length), but indicate this on the data sheet. Prepare rearing containers: Wear gloves for this step. Containers should have air holes and lids. Place a moist paper towel (no standing water) on bottom of container. Add a sprig of milkweed to the container. Milkweed must be from outdoors (and not from inside a mesh enclosure). Do not wash milkweed. This ensures that we are sampling the natural level of OE present on milkweed plants exposed to the open environment. Add one caterpillar per container. Close lid. Label container with collection date, location, and stage ( younger larva or older larva ). Preparing a container for rearing a caterpillar Care for caterpillars: Every day, empty frass (feces) from container, replace paper towel if needed, and add one or two new milkweed stalks. After the chrysalis forms, discard plant material and wait for the butterfly to emerge (6-12 days). Between 4-12 hours after the butterfly emerges,** sample the butterfly for OE parasites (step 2). Newly emerged butterfly Sterilize containers, supplies, and surfaces used during rearing by soaking in 20% bleach-water mixture (overnight is fine for non-metal items) and then rinsing with water. This will help prevent caterpillar die-offs in the future. **If the butterfly never emerges from the chrysalis but other insects do(!), the monarch likely has parasitoid wasps or flies. See the Monarch Larva Monitoring Project datasheet and record observations. 2

3 Step 2. Sample adult monarch for OE parasites. Wipe work area with 20% bleach-water mixture and put on new gloves. Grasp the monarch (as on page 1) using one gloved hand. If possible, do not touch the monarch with your second hand, so you can keep your second hand sterile and free of OE spores. Pick up a clear sticker with your sterile hand. Firmly apply the sticker to the abdomen of the monarch, so that it comes into firm contact with at least the front and sides of the abdomen. Monarchs are tougher than they look. Sampling them with moderate to firm pressure does not harm them. Wrap sticker around the front half of the abdomen and press down so that it collects scales and OE spores. Sticker Sticker Place the sticker onto the index card. It should have a black imprint. These are the monarch s scales, which are naturally lost over time. Label the sticker on the index card with the number that corresponds to the data sheet information. You can fit 8-10 stickers per card. Sticker with black imprint Apply sticker to monarch and then place on index card. Index card with labeled sticker samples 3

4 Step 3. Record data. Mark and release monarch. Record the sex of the monarch on the data sheet: Males have claspers on the end of their abdomens and two black alar glands (spots) on their hindwings. Females have neither feature. Record additional information on the data sheet: Observer (name), location (city, state), date collected from the wild, date sampled for OE, and the stage of the monarch when it was collected from the wild. Mark the monarch with a permanent marker. You may draw a line or write the date on the outer wing (below) anything to prominently indicate that this monarch has already been sampled. It will not affect the monarch. Release the monarch back into the wild. Wipe the gloves you are wearing with a disinfectant or baby wipe before sampling the next monarch. After sampling 5 monarchs, change gloves. Mark monarch with a permanent marker to indicate this monarch has been sampled. Once you have sampled 30 butterflies, or at the end of the season, please send the samples and datasheet in the preaddressed envelope to our lab: Project Monarch Health c/o Sonia Altizer Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens, GA THANK YOU FOR MONITORING THE HEALTH OF LOCAL MONARCHS! If you have any questions or comments, please contact us at: 4

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