No results

No data available that match "Genes, Mitochondrial"

REgulation of MItochondrialgene eXpression), an Innovation Training Network funded under the highly competitive Marie ... in a program that will contribute to elucidating the molecular mechanisms and pathways that regulate mitochondrialgene ... Mitochondrialgene expression International team led by the researcher on aging Aleksandra Trifunovic from Cologne wins Marie ... "The complex nature of mitochondrialgene expression that relies on two different genomes calls for a multidisciplinary approach ...

... prevents normal transcription of mitochondrial-encoded genes.. MILON mice were viable and developed normally, but after about ... which are characterized by a postnatal disruption of the mitochondrial transcription factor A gene (Tfam). This conditional ... In [MILON mice] there is a vacuolar degeneration that may be due to the rapidity and severity of the mitochondrial defect,' ... In-situ hybridizations showed that mitochondrial RNA levels had also decreased markedly by that age and continued to decline to ...

All rearrangement-mediating duplications include either the origin of light strand replication and the nearby tRNA genes or the ... In some cases, two copies of duplicated genes, presumptive regulatory regions, and/or sequences with no assignable function ... In each genome with a novel gene order, there is evidence that the rearrangement was mediated by duplication of part of the ... mitochondrial genome, including the presence of both pseudogenes and additional, presumably functional, copies of duplicated ...

Dissertation: Transcriptional regulation of human nuclear encoded mitochondrialgenes. ... Abstract: Biogenesis of mammalian mitochondria requires the participation of both nuclear and mitochondrialgenes. This thesis ... Transcriptional regulation of human nuclear encoded mitochondrialgenes. University dissertation from Stockholm : Stockholm ... which suggest that Sp1 may have a general role in regulating the expression of nuclear encoded mitochondrialgenes. (b) Sp1- ...

The mutant human ND4 gene with a FLAG epitope tag followed by mitochondrial encoded mCherry under control of the mitochondrial ... Progeny Of Pronuclear Injections Of Mutant Human MitochondrialGenes Hong Yu; Tsung-Han Chou; Vittorio Porciatti; William W. ... Progeny Of Pronuclear Injections Of Mutant Human MitochondrialGenes You will receive an email whenever this article is ... Pronuclear injection of mutant human mitochondrialgenes is an innovative biotechnical advance for evaluating LHON and likely ...

The oncogenic versus suppressor roles of mitochondrialgenes has been long debated. Peculiar features of mitochondrial genetics ... regulated class of cancer genes. We suggest these genes be termed oncojanus genes, to recognize their ability to contribute ... A mutation threshold distinguishes the anti- tumorigenic effects of the mitochondrialgene MTND1, an oncojanus function. ... A mutation threshold distinguishes the anti- tumorigenic effects of the mitochondrialgene MTND1, an oncojanus function ...

E01 Analysis of mitochondrialgenes as potential genetic modifiers of the age-at-onset in Huntington disease ... E01 Analysis of mitochondrialgenes as potential genetic modifiers of the age-at-onset in Huntington disease ... Additionally, to establish a connection between mutant huntingtin and mitochondrialgenes, we intend to examine a possible ... One characteristic feature in HD pathogenesis is mitochondrial dysfunction, which is marked by an impairment of mitochondrial ...

"Differential expression of maize mitochondrialgenes as dependent on mitochondria redox state, Russian Journal of Plant ... expression of mitochondrialgenes at changes in the redox state of the mitochondrial electron transport chain ... Thus, we demonstrated differential expression of mitochondrialgenes at changes in the redox state of the mitochondrial ... Thus, we demonstrated differential expression of mitochondrialgenes at changes in the redox state of the mitochondrial ...

... suggesting the rote non-mediated mitochondrial inhibition did not affect the mitochondrialgene expression.. Five muM rote non ... Mitochondrialgene expression in cell death and differentiation of leukemic cells. Research Project ... In the previous study we elucidated that the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase gene was over expressedin leukemic cells, ... On the basis of this and other studies, we believe that mitochondrial junction is directory involved in both cellular ...

... impaired chloroplast development affects mitochondrialgene and transcript levels, The Plant Journal" on DeepDyve, the largest ... Investigation of mitochondrial DNA revealed an about three‐fold enhanced mitochondrialgene copy number in white compared to ... Investigation of mitochondrial DNA revealed an about three‐fold enhanced mitochondrialgene copy number in white compared to ... Here we report on the expression of mitochondrialgenes in albostrians barley. Steady‐state RNA levels of the mitochondrial ...

Mitochondrial GenomeGene OrderSister GrouptRNA GeneAmino Acid Alignment. Background. Starting about 25 years ago molecular ... Mitochondrialgene order in Lophotrochozoa. Gene order is not conserved in Nemertea, as the partial mt genome of Cephalothrix ... While gene order is most similar to that of the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa, sequence based analyses of mitochondrialgenes ... Mitochondrialgene order of Nemertea and selected lophotrochozoan species. Colour coded genes show different positions from ...

In order to better understand fundamental mitochondrial biology, we studied genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in the ... In humans, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in a variety of diseases, including diabetes, neuromuscular disorders, and ... These experiments assigned function to 5% of the genes whose function was not known. In order to achieve this rapid rate of ... Thus, in addition to providing a more thorough understanding of mitochondrial biology, this study establishes a framework for ...

... and other mitochondrial stress response genes, as well as the VHR gene set encoding chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins as ... A previous study examined the gene expression patterns of genes encoding chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins in a set of ... Heat maps representing the expression of marker genes of mitochondrial stress responses (A) and chloroplast or mitochondrial ... genes responding commonly to both mitochondrial and chloroplast dysfunction but not of genes responding to either mitochondrial ...

However, mitochondrialgene editing is not without risk, says Robert Lightowlers at Newcastle University, UK. For example, it ... "This study demonstrates that genome editing can be used in an animal to reduce the transmission of mitochondrialgenes ... Gene-editing has been used to remove faulty mitochondria in mouse egg cells, leaving mostly healthy ones to be passed to the ... Harmful mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause a range of severe diseases for which there are currently no treatments. ...

No data available that match "Genes, Mitochondrial"

(1/503) Why genes persist in organelle genomes.

Mitochondria and plastids (including chloroplasts) have a small but vital genetic coding capacity, but what are the properties of some genes that dictate that they must remain encoded in organelles? (+info)

Genetic affinities between aboriginal Taiwanese and populations from Oceania and Southeast Asia have previously been explored through analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y chromosomal DNA, and human leukocyte antigen loci. Recent genetic studies have supported the "slow boat" and "entangled bank" models according to which the Polynesian migration can be seen as an expansion from Melanesia without any major direct genetic thread leading back to its initiation from Taiwan. We assessed mtDNA variation in 640 individuals from nine tribes of the central mountain ranges and east coast regions of Taiwan. In contrast to the Han populations, the tribes showed a low frequency of haplogroups D4 and G, and an absence of haplogroups A, C, Z, M9, and M10. Also, more than 85% of the maternal lineages were nested within haplogroups B4, B5a, F1a, F3b, E, and M7. Although indicating a common origin of the populations of insular Southeast Asia and Oceania, most mtDNA lineages in Taiwanese aboriginal populations are grouped separately from those found in China and the Taiwan general (Han) population, suggesting a prevalence in the Taiwanese aboriginal gene pool of its initial late Pleistocene settlers. Interestingly, from complete mtDNA sequencing information, most B4a lineages were associated with three coding region substitutions, defining a new subclade, B4a1a, that endorses the origin of Polynesian migration from Taiwan. Coalescence times of B4a1a were 13.2 +/- 3.8 thousand years (or 9.3 +/- 2.5 thousand years in Papuans and Polynesians). Considering the lack of a common specific Y chromosomal element shared by the Taiwanese aboriginals and Polynesians, the mtDNA evidence provided here is also consistent with the suggestion that the proto-Oceanic societies would have been mainly matrilocal. (+info)

(4/503) Regulation of mitochondrial translation in yeast.

This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the control of very unusual mechanism of mitochondrial gene expression and the structure of mitochondrial ribosomes, with emphasis on the potential of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. (+info)

(5/503) The increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number in the tissues of gamma-irradiated mice.

Changes in the number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copies in the brain and spleen tissues of gamma-irradiated (3 Gy) mice were studied by comparative analysis of the long-extension PCR products of mtDNA (15.9 kb) and a fragment of the cluster nuclear beta-globin gene (8.7 kb) amplified simultaneously in one and the same test-tube within total DNA. The analysis showed that, compared to the nuclear beta-globin gene, an increase in mtDNA copy number (polyploidization) took place in the brain and spleen cells of mice exposed to gamma-radiation. This data led to the suggestion that the major mechanism for maintenance of the mitochondrial genome, which is constantly damaged by endogenous ROS and easily affected by ionizing radiation or other exogenous factors, is the induction of synthesis of new mtDNA copies on intact or little affected mtDNA templates because the repair systems in the mitochondria function at a low level of efficiency. (+info)

The MitoP2 database (http://www.mitop.de) integrates information on mitochondrial proteins, their molecular functions and associated diseases. The central database features are manually annotated reference proteins localized or functionally associated with mitochondria supplied for yeast, human and mouse. MitoP2 enables (i) the identification of putative orthologous proteins between these species to study evolutionarily conserved functions and pathways; (ii) the integration of data from systematic genome-wide studies such as proteomics and deletion phenotype screening; (iii) the prediction of novel mitochondrial proteins using data integration and the assignment of evidence scores; and (iv) systematic searches that aim to find the genes that underlie common and rare mitochondrial diseases. The data and analysis files are referenced to data sources in PubMed and other online databases and can be easily downloaded. MitoP2 users can explore the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunctions and disease and utilize this information to conduct systems biology approaches on mitochondria. (+info)

The mitochondrial genome, contained in the subcellular mitochondrial network, encodes a small number of peptides pivotal for cellular energy production. Mitochondrial genes are highly polymorphic and cataloguing existing variation is of interest for medical scientists involved in the identification of mutations causing mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as for population genetics studies. Human Mitochondrial Genome Database (mtDB) (http://www.genpat.uu.se/mtDB) has provided a comprehensive database of complete human mitochondrial genomes since early 2000. At this time, owing to an increase in the number of published complete human mitochondrial genome sequences, it became necessary to provide a web-based database of human whole genome and complete coding region sequences. As of August 2005 this database contains 2104 sequences (1544 complete genome and 560 coding region) available to download or search for specific polymorphisms. Of special interest to medical researchers and population geneticists evaluating specific positions is a complete list of (currently 3311) mitochondrial polymorphisms among these sequences. Recent expansions in the capabilities of mtDB include a haplotype search function and the ability to identify and download sequences carrying particular variants. (+info)

(8/503) The complete mitochondrial genome of the enigmatic bigheaded turtle (Platysternon): description of unusual genomic features and the reconciliation of phylogenetic hypotheses based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.

BACKGROUND: The big-headed turtle (Platysternon megacephalum) from east Asia is the sole living representative of a poorly-studied turtle lineage (Platysternidae). It has no close living relatives, and its phylogenetic position within turtles is one of the outstanding controversies in turtle systematics. Platysternon was traditionally considered to be close to snapping turtles (Chelydridae) based on some studies of its morphology and mitochondrial (mt) DNA, however, other studies of morphology and nuclear (nu) DNA do not support that hypothesis. RESULTS: We sequenced the complete mt genome of Platysternon and the nearly complete mt genomes of two other relevant turtles and compared them to turtle mt genomes from the literature to form the largest molecular dataset used to date to address this issue. The resulting phylogeny robustly rejects the placement of Platysternon with Chelydridae, but instead shows that it is a member of the Testudinoidea, a diverse, nearly globally-distributed group that includes pond turtles and tortoises. We also discovered that Platysternon mtDNA has large-scale gene rearrangements and possesses two, nearly identical, control regions, features that distinguish it from all other studied turtles. CONCLUSION: Our study robustly determines the phylogenetic placement of Platysternon and provides a well-resolved outline of major turtle lineages, while demonstrating the significantly greater resolving power of comparing large amounts of mt sequence over that of short fragments. Earlier phylogenies placing Platysternon with chelydrids required a temporal gap in the fossil record that is now unnecessary. The duplicated control regions and gene rearrangements of the Platysternon mtDNA probably resulted from the duplication of part of the genome and then the subsequent loss of redundant genes. Although it is possible that having two control regions may provide some advantage, explaining why the control regions would be maintained while some of the duplicated genes were eroded, examples of this are rare. So far, duplicated control regions have been reported for mt genomes from just 12 clades of metazoans, including Platysternon. (+info)

In each genome with a novel gene order, there is evidence that the rearrangement was mediated by duplication of part of the mitochondrial genome, including the presence of both pseudogenes and additional, presumably functional, copies of duplicated genes. (unt.edu)

These results suggest that AP-1 complex expressed by in vivo treatment with kainate would bind to AP-1-like sites in the non-coding region of mitochondrial genome following translocation into the mitochondria in murine hippocampus. (nii.ac.jp)

The analysis of gene order differences gives evidence for a multiple independent occurrence of a large inversion in the mitochondrial genome of Lophotrochozoa and a re-inversion of the same part in gastropods. (biomedcentral.com)

We hypothesize that some regions of the genome have a higher chance for intramolecular recombination than others and gene order data have to be analysed carefully to detect convergent rearrangement events. (biomedcentral.com)

This study demonstrates that genome editing can be used in an animal to reduce the transmission of mitochondrial genes associated with certain diseases," says David Liu of Harvard University. (newscientist.com)

Hess, Wolfgang R. 1999-09-01 00:00:00 Summary Co‐ordination of gene expression between the three genomes present in plastids, mitochondria and nucleus is of crucial importance for plant cells. (deepdyve.com)

Gene-editing has been used to remove faulty mitochondria in mouse egg cells, leaving mostly healthy ones to be passed to the next generation. (newscientist.com)

It is the first time gene editing has been used to manipulate mammal mitochondria that can be inherited, says Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, who was part of the team that carried out the work. (newscientist.com)

This gene encodes one of four nuclear-encoded subunits that comprise succinate dehydrogenase, also known as mitochondrial complex II, a key enzyme complex of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and aerobic respiratory chains of mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)

This thesis presents studies that characterize the common features of several nuclear encoded mitochondrial promoter genes and proposes the identity of factors regulating the transcription and responsible for coordinated, constitutive expression of diverse mammalian oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes.As a model, we chose to study the promoters of four nuclear-encoded OXPHOS genes, all which are constitutively expressed, but, in addition, exhibit different responses to hormone and/or growth-activation. (dissertations.se)

These data indicate that imprecise initiation and termination of replication, slipped-strand mispairing, and intra-molecular recombination may all have played a role in generating repeats during the evolutionary history of plethodontid mitochondrial genomes. (unt.edu)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations generally have been claimed to be pro-tumorigenic, but they are also hallmarks of mostly benign oncocytic tumors where they help reduce adaptation to hypoxia by destablizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α). (aacrjournals.org)

Bi-allelic mutations (i.e. both copies of the gene are mutated) have been described in Leigh syndrome, a progressive brain disorder that typically appears in infancy or early childhood. (wikipedia.org)

A regulated expression of proteins, involved in mitochondrial fission and fusion (eg, Mfn1, Mfn2) antagonises the pathogenic effect, thus demonstrating to be interesting potential candidates for a modifying role in HD. (bmj.com)

Supershift and immunoblotting analyses revealed participation of c-Fos, Fos-B and Jun-B proteins in potentiation by kainate of mitochondrial AP-1 DNA binding in cortex and hippocampus. (nii.ac.jp)

In some of these mtDNAs, up to 25 percent of the total length is composed of tandem duplications of non-coding sequence that includes putative regulatory regions and/or pseudogenes of tRNAs and protein-coding genes along with otherwise unassignable sequences. (unt.edu)

The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Nycticebus have been studied with modern molecular techniques, using DNA sequences derived from the mitochondrial DNA markers D-loop and cytochrome b from 22 slow loris individuals. (wikipedia.org)

To help clarify species and subspecies boundaries, and to establish whether morphology-based classifications were consistent with evolutionary relationships, the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Nycticebus have been investigated using DNA sequences derived from the mitochondrial markers D loop and cytochrome b. (wikipedia.org)

This hypothesis was corroborated by a 2007 study that compared the variations in mitochondrial DNA sequences between N. bengalensis and N. coucang, and suggested that there has been gene flow between the two species. (wikipedia.org)

Nycticebus menagensis was elevated to the species level in 2006 when molecular analysis of DNA sequences of the D-loop and the cytochrome b gene demonstrated it to be genetically distinct from N. coucang. (wikipedia.org)

This is a very interesting paper that clearly shows that mitochondrial dysfunction can cause late-onset brain degeneration, but the pathology is different from what is seen in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. (alzforum.org)

Aleksandra Trifunovic, Principal Investigator at the Cluster of Excellence CECAD, will coordinate the REMIX project (REgulation of MItochondrial gene eXpression), an Innovation Training Network funded under the highly competitive Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action of the European Commission. (eurekalert.org)

The key aim of the REMIX network is to combine the skills of European research groups to strategically train the next generation of scientists in a program that will contribute to elucidating the molecular mechanisms and pathways that regulate mitochondrial gene expression. (eurekalert.org)

Despite the fact that these diseases are quite common, it is surprising that our understanding of the mechanisms governing mitochondrial gene expression and its associated pathologies remain superficial and therapeutic interventions unexplored," says Aleksandra Trifunovic. (eurekalert.org)

g) Thyroid hormone activates reporter gene expression driven from the ANT2 and cytochrome c1 promoters, which suggests that thyroid hormone induction of some OXPHOS genes is at the transcriptional level. (dissertations.se)

Additionally, to establish a connection between mutant huntingtin and mitochondrial genes, we intend to examine a possible interaction between huntingtin and the fission protein Fis1 by co-immunoprecipitation experiments in cell culture. (bmj.com)

Treatment with salicyl hydroxamic acid (SHAM) resulted in a decrease in the transcripts during the first 10 h of incubation with subsequent recovering of this gene transcript level by 24 h. (deepdyve.com)

The mutant human ND4 gene with a FLAG epitope tag followed by mitochondrial encoded mCherry under control of the mitochondrial promoter (sc-HSP-ND4G1019AmtmCherry) was packaged with mito-targeted (COX8) scAAV that was injected into fertilized oocytes using a standard pronuclear microinjection protocol. (arvojournals.org)

Electrons removed from succinate transfer to SDHA, transfer across SDHB through iron sulphur clusters to the SDHC/SDHD subunits on the hydrophobic end of the complex anchored in the mitochondrial membrane. (wikipedia.org)

To determine the influence of a disassembling mtDNA mutation and its hetero/homoplasmy on tumorigenic and metastatic potential, we injected mice with tumor cells harboring different loads of the gene MTND1 m.3571insC. (aacrjournals.org)

While gene order is most similar to that of the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa , sequence based analyses of mitochondrial genes place nemerteans close to molluscs, phoronids and entoprocts without clear preference for one of these taxa as sister group. (biomedcentral.com)

Because it involves simply injecting a genetic sequence into an egg cell, Belmonte believes this method is simpler than mitochondrial replacement therapy, which requires the nucleus of a fertilised egg cell to be removed and then transplanted to a donor egg cell. (newscientist.com)

The validity of this opinion was later corroborated by studies of chromosomal structure, genetic distance determined by protein variation at polymorphic loci, and mitochondrial DNA restriction enzyme analysis. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, the anti-tumorigenic and anti-metastatic effects of high loads of MTND1 m.3571insC, following complex I disassembly, defines a novel threshold- regulated class of cancer genes. (aacrjournals.org)

In [MILON mice] there is a vacuolar degeneration that may be due to the rapidity and severity of the mitochondrial defect,' said Flint Beal, chair of the neurology/neuroscience department at Cornell University Medical College. (alzforum.org)

Electrophoresis mobility shift analysis using radiolabeled MT-3 and MT-9 as probes demonstrated that marked enhancement was seen with binding of these 2 probes in hippocampal mitochondrial extracts prepared 2 to 6 h after kainate treatment. (nii.ac.jp)

Here, genetic factors are proposed to have an essential influence and especially polymorphism in genes associated with HD pathogenesis are thought to act as genetic modifiers. (bmj.com)

Belmonte says his technique could offer a simpler alternative to such mitochondrial replacement therapy , which some believe carries genetic risks , while others are uncomfortable about the ethics of "three-parent" babies . (newscientist.com)