The course has been developed by senior NWT personnel who have been involved in BWR and PWR
water chemistry, corrosion, water treatment, and activity transport control for 30 or more years.
Their experience base has been complemented by consideration of the underlying chemistry and
engineering principles in each area of instruction.

B. Methods of Detection and Location of Air and Cooling Water Inleakage

1. Condenser/Hotwell Conductivity

2. Helium Leak Detection

3. SF6 Leak Detection

V. General Corrosion and Corrosion Product Transport

A. General Corrosion of Carbon and Stainless Steel

1. Effect of Oxygen

2. Effects of Flow Rate and Conductivity

3. Flow-Accelerated Corrosion

B. BWR Guidelines for Condensate/Feedwater Chemistry

C. Corrosion Product Transport

1. Corrosion Product Sampling Guidelines

2. Mass Transport Calculations and Relationships

3. Relation to Fuel Deposits and Activity Buildup

4. Condensate Treatment Considerations

VI. Activated Corrosion Products

A. Activation Equation

B. Shutdown Dose Rate Experience

C. Gamma Scans

D. Modeling of Activity Incorporation Rates

E. Cobalt Source Term Assessment

VII. Fuel Status Assessment

A. Fission Product Formation and Release

B. Characterization of Offgas Release Distribution

1. Recoil

2. Diffusion

C. Release Rate Calculations

1. Fission Gases

2. Iodine Isotopes

3. Iodine Spikes on Shutdown

D. Determination of Defect Fuel Exposure

VIII. Activity Transport

A. Tritium

B. Carbon-14

C. Moisture Carryover Effects

D. Resin Bed and Filter Activity Inventories

The primary course instructor is Dr. S. G. Sawochka. Selected sessions of
the course also may be presented by other NWT personnel.

Steve Sawochka

Dr. Sawochka currently is President of NWT Corporation. He has been involved with
consulting and R&D projects in the fields of water chemistry, water treatment,
corrosion, and radwaste processing in BWR and PWR systems for over 50 years. He previously
was Manager of Water Chemistry Development for General Electric's BWR Systems Department.
Dr. Sawochka has authored numerous publications in the referenced areas and has been an
active member of EPRI committees that have developed guidelines for BWR and PWR chemistry
control.

CLASS SCHEDULE: Classes are normally held from 8:15 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Monday through Wednesday with one hour for lunch and 8:15 to noon on Thursday.

ENROLLMENT: Course enrollments are limited to 10. Reservations
can be made by phone 408-281-1100, fax 408-578-0790 or
e-mail or
If you prefer, discuss your interests with
the Program Director.

FEE: The $1,900 course fee includes all course material, break
refreshments, lunches (3) and one scheduled dinner. Lodging and other meals are NOT
INCLUDED. A Certificate of Participation is provided to each participant. Payment or
Purchase order is due within 30 days of enrollment. Fee is non-refundable unless the
class is canceled. Alternates may be substituted for the enrollee at any time.

NWT Corporation reserves the right to cancel this class within two
weeks of start date if fewer than six students are enrolled.

LOCATION/LODGING: The class will be held at the NWT offices in
San Jose, California. Information on San Jose area hotels will be provided with enrollment
confirmation.

ON SITE TRAINING SESSIONS: For information about holding this
seminar at your site, employing plant specific data and system design information, please
contact the Program Director. Customized reduced length seminars also can be developed.

ALTERNATE COURSE AVAILABLE: The following NWT course also is
intermittently offered at our San Jose offices:

This course also can be customized for specific plants and held at
the plant site or corporate office. One or two day seminars on specific subjects or
directed at specific utility personnel also can be developed.