Federal legislation to protect historic remains and objects has codified national policy to preserve historic sites, buildings, and objects of national significance. These early laws set the stage for the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), positioning the federal government to take an unprecedented leadership role in the preservation of these historic resources.

The NHPA became law on October 15, 1966 (Public Law 89-665, October 15, 1966; 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Since enactment, there have been 22 amendments.

The requirements established by Section 106 ensures that the impact of federal activity on historic properties be studied and understood prior to the commencement of the activity. Further, it requires each federal agency to consider public views and concerns about historic preservation issues when making final project decisions. The ultimate goal of Section 106 is to seek agreement among these participants regarding preservation matters arising during the review process.