jueves, 13 de septiembre de 2012

Byzantine art

The currents
of Late Byzantine culture, shaped by foreign conquest of Byzantine lands,
diplomatic marriage, travel, and international trade, are reflected in the
wealth of surviving portraits from the Late Byzantine sphere. Throughout the
empire’s long history, donors, authors, and the ruling elite chose to
commemorate themselves in portraits in all media, including monumental mosaic
and fresco, miniature painting, sculpture and coinage. This tradition continued
into the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, both in Byzantium and
in its neighboring states, with the majority of portraits surviving in
miniature and monumental painting.Traditions for representing the authority and
the prestige of the Byzantine emperor were adopted not only by the Byzantine
emperors of the Palaiologan dynasty, ruling from the ancient capital of
Constantinople. They were also taken up by rulers in the provincial Byzantine
states of Epiros (their capital in Arta, Greece), and Trebizond on the Black
Sea (modern Trabzon, Turkey). These provincial Byzantine rulers in Arta and
Trebizond vied for power and prestige with the emperor in Constantinople.The Byzantine
imperial portraits illustrating this essay—in miniature painting and in
sculpted gold—represent the ruler wearing the imperial crown, or stemma,
with hanging jewels and pearls; the gemmed loros, or stole, over a long
red or purple tunic; and imperial footwear, which were dyed in red or purple as
well. Red and purple were colors special to the Byzantine ruling family since
the empire’s earliest foundation. Each of these Byzantine rulers carries the
imperial scepter surmounted by a cross, a sign of his Christian faith, as well
as a scroll or the imperial akakia, a pouch filled with earth, a symbol
of his humility. In the late fourteenth-century portrait of the Byzantine ruler
of Trebizond, he is joined by his wife, the empress Theodora. Theodora wears
richly decorated, red garments embroidered in gold with a repeat pattern
representing the double-headed eagle, one of the symbols adopted by the Late
Byzantine imperium. The empress, like her husband, wears the imperial crown
with hanging jewels and pearls, and in her left hand she carries an orb,
symbolizing the couple’s earthly rule. The two imperial figures flank a bust
portrait of Saint John the Baptist, the patron saint of the monastery to which
they are making a significant donation, recorded in the scroll they hold and
the very document upon which their portrait is painted.Numerous
highly specialized ritual objects are required for the performance of the
Orthodox Liturgy, and typically these were fashioned from the richest materials
available, such as gold, silver, and copper. Although there are significant
numbers of luxurious liturgical objects dating from the Early and Middle
Byzantine periods, examples are fairly rare for the last centuries of the
empire. This situation can be attributed to a general shortage of raw
materials, consequentially leading to the melting down of both sacred and
secular gold and silver objects to acquire bullion to strike currency. This
occurred during periods of extreme economic crisis facing the state.

Most Late Byzantine liturgical objects that have survived are found in monastic
treasuries, where they have been preserved through the centuries. Although a
great deal of material has not survived, it is fortunate that numerous
contemporary depictions of the celestial liturgy can provide us with further insight
into these objects’ appearance and usage.

The corpus of extant liturgical objects either exhibits the continued
development of Middle Byzantine forms, or displays increasing Western
influence. This is not surprising, as Venice overtakes Byzantium as an exporter
of luxury goods, and itself becomes the center of artistic innovation.Many of the
liturgical implements required for the performance of the Orthodox liturgy
parallel those used for the Catholic Mass—the paten for the bread of the
liturgy; the chalice for wine; and censers for burning incense. Another object
used in both the East and West would be rhipidia, a metal fan
representing the tetramorph, or four-faced cherubim that hover around God’s
throne. These fans frequently contain highly complex iconographic programs;
they were placed at the end of long poles and held over the book of the Gospels
as a gesture of respect, and also waved to keep insects away from the
Eucharistic elements.Lighting devices fall under
the rubric of liturgical implements. One of the most remarkable surviving
examples in this category is a complete choros, or chandelier, comprised of
twelve horizontal openwork strips, decorated with sphinxes. Each of these
sections contains either four or six candleholders; numerous polykandela were
suspended below the linked ring of strips, supported by openwork chains.

1. What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?Freso used technique, paintings, and many sculptures that they some are with gold2. What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?the Byztantine relies much on religion

What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?They haVe many icons. they were the early Christian Art, they recover the Hellenistic culture. they decorated with old and new testament the small windows.And use gold for they sculpures.What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?Religion

What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?The beauty cannon of this time was religion.What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?They made relief sculputeres, they created catacombs and indside where paintings that represented the story of God. In painting this time had: Pantocreator, Teothokos and Deesis and in architecture they created monasterys.

They converted catacombs in churches underground, they made paintings of god, Jesus(Pantocrator), and Mary(Thetokos), relif sculpures,they made iconography and there were icons and built the first church that was Saint Mary Basilica.

What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?The religion.What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?the iconography that they had to make because they were hiding ,they made the fish and the plant also Jesus and Mary.

-What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?The main theme that they used in this time was religion, also they combined Hellenistic style with art from the arabian world. They used golden details.

-What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?The main inspiration for this people as i mentioned was religion so they created the pantocrator that is Jesus always holding a bible and making a sign with his hand, the theotokos that is the virgin Mary she could de carrying Jesus or pointing at him and the deesis which is the pantocrator, the theotokos and st. John the Baptist.Holly people always have a golden circle.

. What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?The main idea was the religion in this time the must famous paint was the freco and they use gold.What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?It was all about religion

What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?- They go back at the Hellenistic style, at this time religion was the main theme. They also used fresco and gold in their paintings and sculptures.

What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?- Were inspired by religion such as Christ and his sacrifice.

What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?Gold is one of the key attributes on Byzantine art as halo on their principal characters. Also they were in fresco and they applied a lot of geometry.

What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?Religion; Jesus Christ and his crucifix.

What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?The use of fresco, the gold in the sculptures and the religion paintings.What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?Their main focus of the byzantine art was the religion, using paintings like the pantocratos and the deesis.

The purpose was to create icons, so that everything has a secret meaning, they were focused on the image not in the decoration, they use a lot of gold because they thought that it was the light of god.

They inspired in a religious work of art, mainly in Pantocrator: that was Jesus Christ the one that has the power, Theotokos: the mother of god. These two both had a golden circle around their heads because they were holly.

What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?The use of Fresco, and the gold in the works, also the use of icons.The religion, more especific, the catholic religion.

1.- What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?-The use of the geometry, fresco and paintings to create gold sculptures and things of religion2.- What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?-the inspiration was the religion and it was the catolisism :)

1-They have a lot of icons also they were the early Christian Art, we saw some examples in the class and we saw that they recover the Hellenistic culture. they used FRESCO and some gold for their sculptures

The inspiration of Byzantine artists was to teach the viewer RELIGIOUS LESSONS, therefore the images were clear and easily understood.His inspiration was to show the religion that they had in that time.

What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture? The artwork of the period focuses mainly on religious subjects that were portrayed conservatively and with little room for artists’ personal expression. Domed churches and decorative mosaics were characteristics of Byzantine architecture.

What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?

the religion,The intention of Byzantine artists was to teach the viewer religious lessons, therefore the images were clear and easily understood

What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?they used fresco in the paintings of the walls, in the architecture they used a lot the geometry, and the golden section of the greeeksWhat was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?the religion

What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?They use a lot of geometry in the arhitectures,they also use the fresco, and continue using the things of the romans and greeks almost the egyptsWhat was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?The religion alll the icons like the golden thing that they put to de gosd in there heads

ByzantineThe painting and mosaics, more than his sculpture, had a unique importance in historyIncluding architecture completes the formal system of the ancient Christian basilica with Dome, and used the Greek cross plant and the centralized.

What are the key attributes of Byzantine art and architecture?The use of fresco and geometry and their religious work of art.What was the inspiration of most of Byzantine art?The inspiration of Byzantine art was religion, the have an icon that represented Jesus a fish. Jesus was their Pantocrator.