transference of names based on the
associated likeness between two objects
e.g. He is a walking dictionary.
• trite, hackneyed, stale ("leg of a table" )
• fresh, original, genuine
• sustained (prolonged) metaphor
(through the text)

• Deliberate omission of conjunctions:
e.g. Secretly, after the nightfall, he visited
the home of the Prime Minister. He
examined it from top to bottom. He
measured al the doors an windows. He
took up the flooring. He inspected the
plumbing. He examined the furniture. He
found nothing.

• anaphora: the beginning of two or more
successive sentences (clauses) is repeated a..., a..., a...
e.g. Mother was a cook, mother was a teacher,
mother was a referee, mother was a mother.
• epiphora: the end of successive sentences
(clauses) is repeated -...a, ...a, ...a.
e.g. Kate was there, Mick was there, Mrs Harley
was there – and none of them could explain
what they saw.

• catch repetition (anadiplosis). the end of one
clause (sentence) is repeated in the beginning
of the following one -...a, a....
• chain repetition presents several successive
anadiploses -...a, a...b, b...c, c
e.g. Human curiosity brought about science.
Science led to progress. Progress is expected to
enhance our wellbeing.

if the first sentence (clause) has a
direct word order - SPO, the second
one will have it inverted - OPS.
e.g. He loved girls, but girls didn’t love
him.
e.g.Если гора не идет к Магомету, то
Магомет идет к горе.

a blend of the main and the
subordinate clauses so that the
predicative or the object of the first
one is simultaneously used as the
subject of the second one.
• impression of clumsiness of speech
e.g. "He was the man killed that deer."

each next word combination (clause,
sentence) is logically more important
or emotionally stronger
e.g. "No tree, no shrub, no blade of
grass that was not owned."
e.g. "She felt better, immensely better."

• Climax which is suddenly interrupted by an
unexpected turn of the thought or ends in
complete semantic reversal of the emphasized
idea:
• e.g. Women have a wonderful instinct about
things. They can discover everything except the
obvious.
• Many paradoxes are based on anticlimax

roundabout form of expression instead of a
simpler one
e.g. The reason of my sleepless night was
standing in the doorway with an innocent look.
e.g. weak sex" (women); "my better half (my
spouse);
• Euphemistic (the underprivileged)