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2 2 # RightScale World s #1 cloud management system Managing cloud deployments for 4+ Years globally More than 40,000 users; launched over 2.5MM servers Powering the largest production deployments on the cloud

3 3 # Where RightScale fits

4 4 # High Availability in the Cloud

5 5 # Summary Solid track record of AWS operational excellence Need design for failure Use architectural best practices Back up and replication need to be taken seriously Unsurpassed availability of resources and options are now available

6 6 # Designing for Failure (in a good way) Large scale failures in the cloud are rare but do happen Application owners are ultimately responsible for availability and recoverability Need to balance cost and complexity of HA efforts against risk(s) you are willing to bear Cloud infrastructure has made DR and HA remarkably affordable versus past options Multi-server Multi-AZ Multi-Region Multi-Cloud

7 7 # What do we mean by Cloud? A cloud is a physical datacenter entity behind an API endpoint What does that really mean? Amazon Web Services is not a cloud EC2 is not a cloud Eucalyptus, Cloud.com, OpenStack are not clouds EC2 US-East, my private cloud these are clouds An availability zone is not a cloud (but it is part of one) Think of a cloud as a resource pool accessed via an API

12 12 # HA/DR Checklist for Risk Mitigation Determine who owns the architecture, DR process and testing. Develop expertise in-house and / or get outside help. Conduct a risk assessment for each application. Specify your target Recovery Time Objective and Recovery Point Objective. Design for failure starting with application architecture. This will help drive the infrastructure architecture. Implement HA best practices balancing cost, complexity and risk. Automate infrastructure for consistency and reliability. Document operational processes and automations. Test the failover... then test it again. Release the Chaos Monkey.

13 13 # General HA Best Practices Avoid single points of failure Always place (at least) one of each component (load balancers, app servers, databases) in at least two AZs Maintain sufficient capacity to absorb AZ / cloud failures Reserved Instances guarantee capacity is available in a separate region/cloud Replicate data across AZs and backup or replicate across clouds/regions for failover Setup monitoring, alerts and operations to identify and automate problem resolution or failover process Design stateless applications for resilience to reboot / relaunch

17 17 # Multi-Cloud Cold DR Example Staged Server Configuration and generally no staged data Not recommended if rapid recovery is required Slow to replicate data to other cloud Slow to bring database to an operational state

21 21 # Multi-Cloud Hot HA Example Multi-Cloud looks similar to Multi-AZ but there are additional problems to solve as some resources are not shared across clouds You need DNS management or a global load balancer Security is an issue as security groups are Region-specific. Images for cloud servers are specific to the cloud/region. You need to copy or replicate data yourself as EBS snapshots are specific to the source AZ. Getting the data out requires a slave sync or taking LVM snapshots and transferring the data. Consider distributed NoSQL databases with the same distribution considerations. Spread primary and replica nodes across multiple AZs. Place as many as you need for required resiliency.

22 22 # So What s Best? Design for failure Assume everything will fail, and architect a solution capable of handing each and every failure condition No one size fits all solution Every application has its own architecture Not all infrastructure building blocks fit well with all applications Tradeoffs between levels of resiliency and cost The options available in the cloud today are unprecedented Capabilities for global redundancy Time to access Investment required Follow our High Availability Checklist (or create your own) Multi-AZ configurations with a solid DR plan are generally the most viable and cost-conscious solutions

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