The Global Volcanism Program has no activity reports for Indian Heaven.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Weekly Reports available for Indian Heaven.

The Global Volcanism Program has no Bulletin Reports available for Indian Heaven.

This compilation of synonyms and subsidiary features may not be comprehensive. Features are organized into four major categories: Cones, Craters, Domes, and Thermal Features. Synonyms of features appear indented below the primary name. In some cases additional feature type, elevation, or location details are provided.

Synonyms

Red Mountain-Big Lava Bed

Cones

Feature Name

Feature Type

Elevation

Latitude

Longitude

Big Lava Bed Cone

Pyroclastic cone

45° 54' 0" N

121° 45' 0" W

Bird Mountain

Shield volcano

1739 m

46° 2' 0" N

121° 47' 0" W

East Crater

Shield volcano

1614 m

46° 0' 0" N

121° 47' 0" W

Gifford Peak

Shield volcano

1636 m

Lemei Rock

Shield volcano

1806 m

46° 1' 0" N

121° 46' 0" W

Lone Butte

Tuya

46° 3' 0" N

121° 52' 0" W

Red Mountain

Shield volcano

1513 m

45° 56' 0" N

121° 49' 0" W

Sawtooth Mountain

Shield volcano

1632 m

46° 4' 0" N

121° 47' 0" W

Basic Data

Volcano Number

Last Known Eruption

Elevation

LatitudeLongitude

321070

6250 BCE

1806 m / 5925 ft

45.93°N
121.82°W

Volcano Types

Shield(s) Pyroclastic cone(s)

Rock Types

MajorBasalt / Picro-BasaltAndesite / Basaltic Andesite

Tectonic Setting

Subduction zoneContinental crust (> 25 km)

Population

Within 5 kmWithin 10 kmWithin 30 kmWithin 100 km

687
687
6,911
2,019,828

Geological Summary

The Pleistocene-to-Holocene Indian Heaven volcanic field, located midway between St. Helens and Adams, is an area of low overlapping shield volcanoes with flank vents primarily oriented along a N-S line. Small shield volcanoes topped by cinder and spatter cones dominate the field, which also contains subglacial vents. The shield volcanoes extend from Sawtooth Mountain on the north to Red Mountain on the south; the high point of the field is Lemei Rock shield volcano. Basasltic-to-andesitic lava flows blanket much of the field; individual lava flows, many of which display extensive lava tubes, traveled up to 46 km. The youngest eruption about 8200 years ago produced the voluminous Big Lava Bed, a 0.9 km3 basaltic lava flow that traveled nearly 25 km S of its source, an unnamed cinder cone SE of Red Mountain, to within 8 km of the Columbia River.

References

The following references have all been used during the compilation of data for this volcano, it is not a comprehensive bibliography.

Eruptive History

Deformation History

There is no Deformation History data available for Indian Heaven.

Emission History

There is no Emissions History data available for Indian Heaven.

Photo Gallery

The youngest eruption of the Indian Heaven volcanic field, midway between Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams, produced a large cinder cone and a voluminous lava flow about 8200 years ago. The source of the flow is the cinder cone at the right, with Mt. Hood visible in the background. The Big Lava Bed flow, which forms the smooth slope in the foreground, banked against higher slopes to the north and traveled 13 km south to within 8 km of the Columbia River.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

The forested slope in the foreground is part of the Big Lava Bed, a 0.9 cu km lava flow erupted from the cinder cone in the background about 8200 years ago. The lava flow traveled 13 km from the source crater and is the youngest feature of the Indian Heaven volcanic field.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Red Mountain (1513 m), seen here from the NE, is the southernmost of a N-S line of small shield volcanoes capped by pyroclastic cones that form the Pleistocene-to-Holocene Indian Heaven volcanic field in the southern Cascades of Washington. The field covers 600 sq km.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Berry Mountain on the left and Gifford Peak and East Crater on the right are small Pleistocene shield volcanoes capped by pyroclastic cones. They are part of the Pleistocene-to-Holocene Indian Heaven volcanic field in the southern Cascade Range of Washington, which lies between Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Lemei Rock (1813 m), seen from the Forlorn Lakes to the SE, forms the high point of the Indian Heaven volcanic field midway between Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams. The 600 sq km field consists of overlapping small shield volcanoes with pyroclastic cones and lava flows. The field was active from about 730,000 to about 8200 years ago, and contains some volcanic features that originated beneath a glacial icecap.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

Lavas of the Big Lava Bed flow, erupted about 8200 years ago from the cinder cone in the background, dammed local drainages, forming Goose Lake. The Big Lava Bed flow is the most recent eruption of the Indian Heaven volcanic field, which lies between Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams.

Photo by Lee Siebert, 1995 (Smithsonian Institution).

GVP Map Holdings

The maps shown below have been scanned from the GVP map archives and include the volcano on this page. Clicking on the small images will load the full 300 dpi map. Very small-scale maps (such as world maps) are not included. The maps database originated over 30 years ago, but was only recently updated and connected to our main database. We welcome users to tell us if they see incorrect information or other problems with the maps; please use the Contact GVP link at the bottom of the page to send us email.

Smithsonian Sample Collections Database

External Sites

Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity (MIROVA) is a near real time volcanic hot-spot detection system based on the analysis of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data. In particular, MIROVA uses the Middle InfraRed Radiation (MIR), measured over target volcanoes, in order to detect, locate and measure the heat radiation sourced from volcanic activity.

Using infrared satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, scientists at the Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, developed an automated system called MODVOLC to map thermal hot-spots in near real time. For each MODIS image, the algorithm automatically scans each 1 km pixel within it to check for high-temperature hot-spots. When one is found the date, time, location, and intensity are recorded. MODIS looks at every square km of the Earth every 48 hours, once during the day and once during the night, and the presence of two MODIS sensors in space allows at least four hot-spot observations every two days. Each day updated global maps are compiled to display the locations of all hot spots detected in the previous 24 hours. There is a drop-down list with volcano names which allow users to 'zoom-in' and examine the distribution of hot-spots at a variety of spatial scales.

The Sentinel Hub Playground provides a quick look at any Sentinel-2 image in any combination of the bands and enhanced with image effects; Landsat 8, DEM and MODIS are also available. Sentinel Hub is an engine for processing of petabytes of satellite data. It is opening the doors for machine learning and helping hundreds of application developers worldwide. It makes Sentinel, Landsat, and other Earth observation imagery easily accessible for browsing, visualization and analysis. Sentinel Hub is operated by Sinergise

Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Services map showing the location of seismic stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 0.18° (about 20 km at mid-latitudes) from the given location of Indian Heaven. Users can customize a variety of filters and options in the left panel. Note that if there are no stations are known the map will default to show the entire world with a "No data matched request" error notice.

Geodetic Data Services map from UNAVCO showing the location of GPS/GNSS stations from all available networks (permanent or temporary) within a radius of 20 km from the given location of Indian Heaven. Users can customize the data search based on station or network names, location, and time window. Requires Adobe Flash Player.

The DECADE portal, still in the developmental stage, serves as an example of the proposed interoperability between The Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program, the Mapping Gas Emissions (MaGa) Database, and the EarthChem Geochemical Portal. The Deep Earth Carbon Degassing (DECADE) initiative seeks to use new and established technologies to determine accurate global fluxes of volcanic CO2 to the atmosphere, but installing CO2 monitoring networks on 20 of the world's 150 most actively degassing volcanoes. The group uses related laboratory-based studies (direct gas sampling and analysis, melt inclusions) to provide new data for direct degassing of deep earth carbon to the atmosphere.

WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest; instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emission, and other parameters from their normal baselines. It is sponsored by the World Organization of Volcano Observatories (WOVO) and presently hosted at the Earth Observatory of Singapore.

EarthChem develops and maintains databases, software, and services that support the preservation, discovery, access and analysis of geochemical data, and facilitate their integration with the broad array of other available earth science parameters. EarthChem is operated by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers who are part of the NSF-funded data facility Integrated Earth Data Applications (IEDA). IEDA is a collaborative effort of EarthChem and the Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS).