high citrate conditions; 29, 30 however, other researchers assert that
impurities, such as FX, play key roles in the activation.28, 32 While low
concentrations of sodium citrate yield minimal activation of
prothrombin, concentrations of 25% (weight/volume

Abstract Thrombin is the key serine protease in hemostasis because it is
responsible for activating both procoagulant proteins critical for
creating fibrin clots and anticoagulant proteins needed to return the
system to balance. Prothrombin is converted t

Asp99 and Ser205 which is located in a cleft within the B-domain18, 19
and brought into close proximity by salt bridges following activation.19
The active site is surrounded by three surface loops19-21 and two
charged surface areas (exosites)11 that creat