'''Jules Baillarger''', full name '''Jules Gabriel François Baillarger''' (March 25, 1809 – December 31, 1890) was a French [[neurologist]] and [[psychiatrist]] who was born in [[Montbazon]].

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'''Jules Baillarger''', full name '''Jules Gabriel François Baillarger''' (March 25, 1809 – December 31, 1890) was a French [[neurologist]] and [[psychiatrist]] who was born in Montbazon.

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He studied medicine at the [[University of Paris]] under [[Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol]] (1772–1840), and while a student worked as an intern at the [[Charenton (asylum)|Charenton]] mental institution. In 1840 he accepted a position at the [[Salpêtrière]], and soon after became director of a mental asylum in [[Ivry]]. With [[Jacques-Joseph Moreau]] (1804–1884) and others, he founded the influential ''Annales médico-psychologiques'' (Medical-Psychological Annals).

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He studied medicine at the [[University of Paris]] under [[Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol]] (1772–1840), and while a student worked as an intern at the [[Charenton (asylum)|Charenton]] mental institution. In 1840 he accepted a position at the [[Salpêtrière]], and soon after became director of a mental asylum in Ivry. With [[Jacques-Joseph Moreau]] (1804–1884) and others, he founded the influential ''Annales médico-psychologiques'' (Medical-Psychological Annals).

In 1840 Baillarger was the first physician to discover that the [[cerebral cortex]] was divided into six layers of alternate white and grey laminae. His name is associated with the inner and outer [[Band of Baillarger|bands of Baillarger]], which are two layers of white fibers of the [[cerebral cortex]]. The outer band of Baillarger is sometimes referred to as the [[band of Gennari]].<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/107/pages/page845.html] Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 845</ref>

In 1840 Baillarger was the first physician to discover that the [[cerebral cortex]] was divided into six layers of alternate white and grey laminae. His name is associated with the inner and outer [[Band of Baillarger|bands of Baillarger]], which are two layers of white fibers of the [[cerebral cortex]]. The outer band of Baillarger is sometimes referred to as the [[band of Gennari]].<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/107/pages/page845.html] Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 845</ref>

In the field of psychiatry, Baillarger did research on the involuntary nature of [[hallucinations]] and the dynamics of the [[hypnagogic state]] (the intermediary stage between sleep and wakefulness). In 1854 he provided a description of a [[bipolar disorder]] that he referred to as ''folie à double forme'' (dual-form insanity). Unbeknownst to him at the time, another French psychiatrist, [[Jean-Pierre Falret]] had described the same condition in an article prior to Baillarger's findings.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15506718 NCBI] Circular insanity, 150 years on</ref> Falret referred to the disorder as ''folie circulaire'' (circular madness).

In the field of psychiatry, Baillarger did research on the involuntary nature of [[hallucinations]] and the dynamics of the [[hypnagogic state]] (the intermediary stage between sleep and wakefulness). In 1854 he provided a description of a [[bipolar disorder]] that he referred to as ''folie à double forme'' (dual-form insanity). Unbeknownst to him at the time, another French psychiatrist, [[Jean-Pierre Falret]] had described the same condition in an article prior to Baillarger's findings.<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15506718 NCBI] Circular insanity, 150 years on</ref> Falret referred to the disorder as ''folie circulaire'' (circular madness).

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He also did work on the effects of [[alcoholism]]<ref>*P.L. Harriman (1961). Dictionary of Psychology. Peter Owen and Vision Press. London.</ref>

In 1840 Baillarger was the first physician to discover that the cerebral cortex was divided into six layers of alternate white and grey laminae. His name is associated with the inner and outer bands of Baillarger, which are two layers of white fibers of the cerebral cortex. The outer band of Baillarger is sometimes referred to as the band of Gennari.[1]

In the field of psychiatry, Baillarger did research on the involuntary nature of hallucinations and the dynamics of the hypnagogic state (the intermediary stage between sleep and wakefulness). In 1854 he provided a description of a bipolar disorder that he referred to as folie à double forme (dual-form insanity). Unbeknownst to him at the time, another French psychiatrist, Jean-Pierre Falret had described the same condition in an article prior to Baillarger's findings.[2] Falret referred to the disorder as folie circulaire (circular madness).