Removal of ammonium ions from water

Ammonium ions are a product of protein and urea decomposition. They naturally get to environment with urine and with dead tissue rotting. Another important source is the use of fertilizers in agriculture.

Ammonium ions themselves are not directly toxic to humans. However, they signal further serious problems: contamination with wastewater, bacterial contamination and other types of water pollution. For fish and aquatic organisms, ammonium ions are highly toxic.