Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world and a biodiversity hotspot like no other. Since the end of WW2 aircraft operations from the island have gradually spread their wings, even as the nation has gone through its fair share of turbulence. In part 1 we take a look at the airline's development through to 1979. Incidentally the logo of Air Madagascar depicts the Traveler's Palm which got its name because of the reservoir of pure water at the bottom of each leaf stalk and its alleged ability to guide travellers by aligning itself east-west.

Air Madagascar can trace its routes back to 1947 when the French airline TAI setup Société Nationale Malgache de Transports Aériens to feed its and Air France's own routes to what was then French Madagascar. The fleet during the 1950s consisted of a pair (later three) of DC-3s and 6 Dragon Rapides. Throughout the 1950s the island drifted peacefully towards independence with the Malagasy Republic being setup in October 1958 and full independence in June 1960.

In April 1961 Air Madagascar was reorganised as MADAIR (though that name was short-lived due to the comic properties of the title and Air Madagascar was readopted on October 14, 1962). Long haul services began shortly afterwards in October using a DC-7 leased from TAI to connect Antananarivo with Paris via Djibouti. The rest of the airline's fleet consisted of 4 DC-3s and still 6 Dragon Rapides. The domestic network included services to around 58 points in Madagascar. Majority ownership at this time was still with Air France (44%) and TAI (36%), with the government owning only 20%.

Throughout the First Republic (1960-72) Madagascar continued to have strong ties to its former colonial master France. This manifested itself in continued strong support from French airlines even after the Madagascan government increased its share of ownership to 30.44% in May 1963. In August 1963 Jacques Alexandre, formerly of Air Afrique, tookover general manager duties and regional services to the Comores Islands began using ex Air France DC-4s (5R-MAD and MAE), which had been delivered in January and March. Further DC-4s would join throughout the 1960s and though 5R-MAD was written off in July 1967 killing 42 the other 5 all served into the early-mid 1970s.

Air Madagascar really entered the international stage in July 1964 after an agreement was reached with Air France to lease one of its 707-328s to operate the Paris via Djibouti route. The aircraft, F-BHSK, wore Air Madagascar colours (note the small hawk and palm logo on the lower forward fuselage) but was operated with an Air France crew (basically a wet-lease). This continued until April 1967 when the turbojet was replaced by another ex-Air France 707, but this time a turbofan 328B, which had been on lease to Air Afrique as TU-TXI, and later M, for about a year.

The aircraft didn't take up its Madagascan registry 5R-MFK until July 1973. By then the 707 routes were a thrice weekly connection to Paris via Djibouti and either Rome or Marseille as well as a much shorter Antananarivo-Mauritius-St Denis service. The route map throughout the 1970s stayed stable with the only addition being the substitution of Nairobi for one of the Djibouti stopovers.

Regional routes operated by the DC-4s in the 1960s included Reunion, Comores and Johannesburg. By 1968 the fleet consisted of 1 707-328B, 2 DC-4s, 6 DC-3s and a single Nord 262 (fitted out as an executive model), 3 Dragon Rapides, 2 Beech 18s and various Pipers. Another DC-4 arrived that year to replace the crashed 5R-MAD but a step-change in capability didn't occur until September 1969 when the airline's first 737-200 (5R-MFA 'Boina') was delivered. Initially the aircraft's utilisation was shared with SAA (who also undertook its maintenance). Flown out to Johannesburg on a Saturday it returned to Madagsacar on a Thursday. It did however allow regional routes to Dar es Salaam and Nairobi to be opened up and replaced DC-4s on some domestic services in 1972. Gradually the 737 tookover DC-4 routes to places like the Comores and in December 1972 a sistership, 5R-MFB 'Sambirano', arrived.

Until 1971 DC-3s were still the mainstay of the domestic fleet but in that year the acquisition of 4 DHC-6 Twin Otters enabled four of the Daks to be transferred to the military. The fleet in 1974 consisted of 1 707-328B, 2 737-200s, 3 DC-4s, 1 DC-3, 1 Nord 262, 5 DHC-6s and a variety of smaller Piper twins.

Right: Air Madagascar's hawk and travelers palm logo

The 1970s was not a happy time in Madagascar. The pro-French administration of President Philibert Tsiranana was overthrown in 1972 by a militay coup. In the next three years there were a series of military leaders (one of whom was assassinated). There was a political alignment with a socialist-marxist doctrine and the Eastern-Bloc which allied to fallout from the 1973 oil crisis caused the collapse of the nation's economy. The Second Republic (1975-93) faced bankruptcy in 1979 and was forced to accept anti-corruption and free market conditions set by the IMF and World Bank before it was bailed out. Services to South Africa were suspended due to Apartheid however the international bailout did allow Air Madagascar to re-equip. This re-equipment included HS-748s but more importantly renewal of long-haul services with a single massive widebody.

The airline's single 707 was returned to Air France where she became F-BLLB. By 1983 she was with Libyan Arab Airlines where she became 5A-DLT. At the end of 1986 her last operator was ZAS Airlines of Egypt as SU-DAJ but after only six months she was stored at Davis Monthan Air Force Base for use in the KC-135 spares programme.

Fascinating history. Given that Madagascar is an island, it had to be especially important to get workable air travel. The Aeroclassics Air Madagascar 707 sits barely a foot from my left elbow in the 70's section at my desk. A terrific model.

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I'm Richard Stretton: a fan of classic airliners and airlines who enjoys exploring their history through my collection of die-cast airliners. If you enjoy the site please donate whatever you can to help keep it running: