Frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is often self-limiting over the course of 2 to 3 years, though it can last longer or recur. Osteopathic manipulative treatment has been shown to improve pain and function related to frozen shoulder.1 Manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) has been used for refractory cases by osteopathic physicians.2 However, MUA is not without risks, and potential complications include fractures, dislocations, and nerve injuries. Researchers and surgeons from the United Kingdom aimed to limit complications during MUA by using the Codman paradox, a series of mobilizations that prevent direct rotational torque at the shoulder joint.

Subscribe to view more

For full access to this article, log in to an existing user account, purchase an annual subscription, or purchase a short-term subscription.