Gift economy

A gift economy, gift culture, or gift exchange is a mode of exchange where valuables are not traded or sold, but rather given without an explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards. This contrasts with a barter economy or a market economy, where goods and services are primarily exchanged for value received. Social norms and custom govern gift exchange. Gifts are not given in an explicit exchange of goods or services for money or some other commodity.

The nature of gift economies forms the subject of a foundational debate in anthropology. Anthropological research into gift economies began with Bronisław Malinowski's description of the Kula ring in the Trobriand Islands during World War I. The Kula trade appeared to be gift-like since Trobrianders would travel great distances over dangerous seas to give what were considered valuable objects without any guarantee of a return. Malinowski's debate with the French anthropologist Marcel Mauss quickly established the complexity of "gift exchange" and introduced a series of technical terms such as reciprocity, inalienable possessions, and prestation to distinguish between the different forms of exchange.

Gift

A gift or a present is an item given to someone without the expectation of payment. An item is not a gift, if that item, itself, is already owned by the one to whom it is given. Although gift-giving might involve an expectation of reciprocity, a gift is meant to be free. In many countries, the act of mutually exchanging money, goods, etc. may sustain social relations and contribute to social cohesion. Economists have elaborated the economics of gift-giving into the notion of a gift economy. By extension the term gift can refer to anything that makes the other happier or less sad, especially as a favor, including forgiveness and kindness. Gifts are also first and foremost presented on occasions - birthdays and Christmas being the main examples.

Presentation

In many cultures gifts are traditionally packaged in some way. For example, in Western cultures, gifts are often wrapped in wrapping paper and accompanied by a gift note which may note the occasion, the recipient's name, and the giver's name. In Chinese culture, red wrapping connotes luck. Although inexpensive gifts are common among colleagues, associates and acquaintances, expensive or intimate gifts are considered more appropriate among close friends, romantic interests or relatives.

Gift economy

A gift economy, gift culture, or gift exchange is a mode of exchange where valuables are not traded or sold, but rather given without an explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards. This contrasts with a barter economy or a market economy, where goods and services are primarily exchanged for value received. Social norms and custom govern gift exchange. Gifts are not given in an explicit exchange of goods or services for money or some other commodity.

The nature of gift economies forms the subject of a foundational debate in anthropology. Anthropological research into gift economies began with Bronisław Malinowski's description of the Kula ring in the Trobriand Islands during World War I. The Kula trade appeared to be gift-like since Trobrianders would travel great distances over dangerous seas to give what were considered valuable objects without any guarantee of a return. Malinowski's debate with the French anthropologist Marcel Mauss quickly established the complexity of "gift exchange" and introduced a series of technical terms such as reciprocity, inalienable possessions, and prestation to distinguish between the different forms of exchange.

Byrne's certification of the Katyn petition represents a stunning turnaround for the group and a major defeat for MayorSteveFulop, whose plan to move the controversial statue to make way for a new park at Exchange Place is now on hold ... The statue, which commemorates the 1940 massacre of over 20,000Polish people by the Soviet Union, was gifted to the city in 1986 and was unveiled at Exchange Place in 1991....

The Ipswich council allegedly had corrupt associations with property developers and employees received gifts and benefits in exchange for facilitating development applications, a new report finds ... ....

Activity between the cities — which are 7,208 miles apart — has declined in recent years, besides a few letters being exchanged between the respective mayors ... The luncheon ended with a mutual giftexchange between the representatives of each city....

The widespread benefits of the unified medical records system Abu Dhabi intends to have in place by 2022 are obvious ... But perhaps the greatest gift of the planned HealthInformationExchange system is its potential as a vast research tool ... Setting up such a complex system won’t be easy ... Part of the challenge facing those behind Health Information Exchange will be to reassure the public that the system will be secure ... ....

The LadyTigers started with a team-building cheer before played flashlight tag in the outfield of West Park with only the extra light of a sky full of the stars for light then moving on to backwards softball - players play out of their normal position, batters swinging from the opposite side of the plate and run the bases backwards - and ending with a white elephant giftexchange... “Overall, I am pretty pleased,” Creason said ... ....

Close on the heels of horrific revelations of rapes at a state-run shelter in Muzaffarpur, police had raided the Asra home in Patna after receiving complaints that a 50-year-old man named Ram Nagina Singh alias Banarasi, who lived nearby, was trying to persuade them to flee in exchange for gifts... run away and promised them gifts," Sudhanshu said....

(Picture. Getty/ Mylo). Forget the stereotype of women being the ones who are the most keen on shopping, while bored men trail behind, dragging their feet ... Advertisement. Advertisement. They just need the likes – not the clothes ... (Picture ... More ... If you take an item that looks unworn back and you’ve got the tags and the sales receipt, there’s not a lot that retailers can do to stop you getting either your money or a gift receipt in exchange ... ....

Fair organizers released the entertainment schedule for five of the six days of the big event held annually as a fundraiser for the CedartownExchange Club, and it is packed with plenty of local talent for 2018 ... The Exchange Club Idol contestants are competing for a trophy, gift card and title of XC Idol ... The annual event serves as the primary fund raiser every year for the Exchange Club of Cedartown....

Holcombe and his father were on trial on allegations resulting from a Volusia CountySheriff's Office sting in 2015 where at least 21 individuals were arrested for the resale of gift cards derived from stolen merchandise. "Boosters" would go into stores like Home Depot, Lowes and Walmart, steal items and have a second person, called a "returner" exchange the item for gift cards....

... its ArtExchange and Art Sale Aug ... The “exchange” also provides a venue for those looking to purchase gifts of art for the coming holidays or just to freshen up their own collections with new art....

Since the U.S ...Robert F ...Rep ... Rep ... But the Supreme Court held that federal bribery laws do not cover giftsexchanged for routine courtesies such as setting up meetings, hosting events, or making calls on behalf of constituents ... ....