No, because once above-nyquist frequencies are sampled and brought in the digital domain, they move below the nyquist frequency and become indistinguishable from the actual below-nyquist frequencies.
Aliasing doesn’t happen in the DAC, it happens in the ADC.

> Ok, but if you were generating the waveforms internally, then passing them through this function, so there’s no ADC involved…?

It wouldn’t work. The “bad” harmonics introduced by aliasing are indistinguishible from “legit” harmonics (after all they are all in the DC - nyquist band), there’s no way to tell them apart. If you can’t identify them, you can’t eliminate them, the only thing you can do is not synthesize them in the first place.