In which John Green teaches you about the Wild, Wild, West, which as it turns out, wasn't as wild as it seemed in the movies. When we think of the western expansion of the United States in the 19th century, we're conditioned to imagine the loner. The self-reliant, unattached cowpoke roaming the prairie in search of wandering calves, or the half-addled prospector who has broken from reality thanks to the solitude of his single-minded quest for gold dust. While there may be a grain of truth to these classic Hollywood stereotypes, it isn't a very big grain of truth. Many of the pioneers who settled the west were family groups. Many were immigrants. Many were major corporations. The big losers in the westward migration were Native Americans, who were killed or moved onto reservations. Not cool, American pioneers.
Support CrashCourse on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Hey teachers and students - Check out CommonLit's free collection of reading passages and curriculum resources to learn more about the events of this episode. America’s Westward expansion was fueled by both Manifest Destiny and a desire to grow the nation and its resources — though at a cost: https://www.commonlit.org/texts/manifest-destiny
As Americans continued to stream West on the name of Manifest Destiny, American Indians saw their lives changed forever as they moved from practising resistance to lives on reservations: https://www.commonlit.org/texts/from-resistance-to-reservations

We put a small sample of Palmer River gravel wash through our home made Rocker Box (Gold Cradle) and end up with some fine gold and some small 'pickers' which we detect with our Falcon MD-20 Gold Tracker. Hope you enjoy the video and our blog at www.nqexplorers.com.

Part 1 of Artist Wayne & Jacqui's Christmas Special.
The dynamic duo find themselves visiting Hill End, the former gold mining town in New South Wales, Australia. It owes its existence to the New South Wales gold rush of the 1850s.

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Europe had a presence in South Africa dating back to 1652, but the colonies and the native tribes really began to clash in the 1800s. The conquest of the Netherlands by Napoleon had left the Dutch colonists in a state of limbo, with the British claiming authority over them despite their homeland being ruled by the French. Many of these settlers, known as the Boers, moved inland to escape British oversight and pushed into land owned by the Zulus. Mpande, the new Zulu leader, attempted to keep the peace between the British and the Boers, but the treaties he negotiated on both sides only led to further conflict. Eventually, his son Cetshwayo peacefully took power over the Zulus around the same time that the Europeans discovered diamonds in South Africa. The government of Great Britain took an even greater interest in South Africa, stepping in to try to bribe or force the relucant natives to work the diamond mines established by European mining firms. Secretary of State Lord Carnarvon, who was responsible for the unification of colonies in Canada, made it his mission to unify the South African colonies and appointed Henry Bartle Frere as his governor and representative. Bartle Frere removed the local Capetown government, who had been largely sympathetic to the native peoples and opposed his harsh unification policies, then issued harsh and intentionally impossible demands against the Zulu. Cetshwayo refused to accept these demands, and thus began the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879.
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Get the intro music here!
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*Music by Demetori: http://bit.ly/1AaJG4H
Listen to the outro music here!
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Extra History - World War I: The Seminal Tragedy
The Concert of Europe: http://bit.ly/1uLnt5X
James Recommends - Mod Week! RTS for Ancient Warfare
Total War: Rome II: Divide et Impera: http://bit.ly/1q4g4gP

Enter our monthly contest to win cool prizes to help you find more treasure. February's prize is a Garrett Pin Pointer! Enter and get details at: http://highplainsprospectors.com/blog/?p=771
In this video it is mid-December and nearly 50 degrees! Not a week later it was in the mid 20's...but that won't deter us to keep metal detecting this year as long as we can dig. Here we are on a property that was once on the Black Bob Indian Reservation in far Southern Overland Park, KS (Johnson County). We only had a few hours, but we did find some silver. There are actually 4 foundations on this property but we only hit 3 and rather quickly (one of the guys with us had to go). This is an amazing property and I am certain there are relics and more coins on this property. This area also saw some Civil War activity and could yield some really cool old relics. If we ever get a chance to go back I will try to get some more (and better) video next time!

http://www.griquas.com/2007/14.htm - for more images of this region.
This extraordinary video clip , uses Google Earth to show the remarkable trek taken by the Griqua after they were kicked off their lands in the southern Orange Free State region around Philippolis by the boers in the late 1850s.
The six minute video clip compliled by Griqua researcher Scott Balson shows distances, views from the top of the Ongeluks Nek, major destinations and historic points like the first Griqua settlement in East Griqualand.

Beginning in the 1850's, entrepreneurial Jews made their way across America by wagon, sailed for months around South America's Cape Horn and hiked through the jungles of the Isthmus of Nicaragua to seek their fortunes in California.
Who were the people who risked everything on these journeys? What was their life like during the Gold rush decades? How are Jewish communities formed? Our film answers these and other questions by chronicling the travels of these pioneers and by taking you to the early settlements in the Gold Country and San Francisco, where by the 1860s Jewish religious and community organizations were flourishing.
Jews and the Gold Rush: Birth of a Community has appeared on PBS and the History Channel, in many film festivals across the country, and is a widely used basic instructional tool in California public and Jewish schools.

Update! Here is the sequel to Gold in Vermont: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmKzfpSROTI&t=577s
In the 1850s Vermont had a small scale gold rush as prospectors flooded in searching the streams for gold. In this video I set out into the back woods of Vermont in search of placer gold much the same way it would have been found in the 1850s, by panning by hand. I then rappel underground into an abandoned gold mine in search of gold bearing ore.

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In which John Green teaches you about the massive immigration to the United States during the late 19th and early 20th century. Immigrants flocked to the US from all over the world in this time period. Millions of Europeans moved to the US where they drove the growth of cities and manned the rapid industrialization that was taking place. In the western US many, many Chinese immigrants arrived to work on the railroad and in mines. As is often the case in the United States, the people who already lived in the US reacted kind of badly to this flood of immigrants. Some legislators tried to stem the flow of new arrivals, with mixed success. Grover Cleveland vetoed a general ban on immigration, but the leadership at the time did manage to get together to pass and anti-Chinese immigration law. Immigrants did win some important Supreme Court decisions upholding their rights, but in many ways, immigrants were treated as second class citizens. At the same time, the country was rapidly urbanizing. Cities were growing rapidly and industrial technology was developing new wonders all the time. John will cover all this upheaval and change, and hearken back to a time when racial profiling did in fact boil down to analyzing the side of someone's face.
Support CrashCourse on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/crashcourse
Hey teachers and students - Check out CommonLit's free collection of reading passages and curriculum resources to learn more about the events of this episode. As America industrialized further and manufacturing grew, a rush of new immigrants came to America seeking job opportunities: https://www.commonlit.org/texts/the-rush-of-immigrants
Immigrants often entered through New York's Ellis Island where the Statue of Liberty bore the iconic phrase "Give me your tired, your poor,": https://www.commonlit.org/texts/the-new-colossus
Immigrants experienced culture shock and hard living conditions in this time, as documented in later memoirs such as "America and I": https://www.commonlit.org/texts/america-and-i

This is an educational video for Stage 3 students studying HSIE in NSW schools under the old HSIE BOS NSW Syllabus. This content is still relevant to the national curriculum, under the History K-10 Syllabus. This video introduces events that had a significant impact on shaping Australia and its colonies. Students develop an understanding regarding the evolution of the colonies and early migration to Australia in the 19th century (See ACHHK095 & ACHHK096).
The purpose of this video was to be used in conjunction with an IGASAR (a process model for inquiry) learning sequence as part of a university assessment for unit EDSS223 at the University of New England (UNE), Armidale NSW.

What were the causes and effects of westward expansion between 1844 and 1877? Kim discusses how economic opportunities, government support, and the idea of 'manifest destiny' brought migrants to the western United States.
View more lessons or practice this subject at https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/ap-us-history/period-5/apush-sectional-tension-1850s/v/manifest-destiny?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=desc&utm_campaign=apushistory
Khan Academy is a nonprofit organization with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We offer quizzes, questions, instructional videos, and articles on a range of academic subjects, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, history, economics, finance, grammar, preschool learning, and more. We provide teachers with tools and data so they can help their students develop the skills, habits, and mindsets for success in school and beyond. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 15 million people around the globe learn on Khan Academy every month. As a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, we would love your help!
Donate or volunteer today! Donate here: https://www.khanacademy.org/donate?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=desc
Volunteer here: https://www.khanacademy.org/contribute?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=desc

Watch it on Amazon Prime: http://a.co/d/8KS8Qm5
In this episode of DIY Destionations, we'll feature the best of Peru on a budget. We'll start from Miraflores in Lima, and showcase the El Parque del Amor (Love Park), President Kennedy Park, Huaca Pucllana and Plaza Mayor and observe the celebration of saint Martin de Porres. Follow by a visit to the Ballestas Islands and Paracas National Reserve. Additionally, a both a drone and flight flyover on Nazca Lines and hike the Machu Picchu and Huyana Picchu. Ending the episode with a visit to Santa Teresa's famous Cocalmayo Hot Springs and off the beaten path Rain Mountain. All done safely, inexpensively and easily. Not to mention showcase all the inexpensive eats, including Chifa cuisine, Peruvian style Chinese food, street food such as Anticucho, meat on a stick, Picarones fried donuts, ceviche and Peruvian Arroz con Pollo.

http://www.hollywoodhaunter.com/ This is a real abandoned mining ghost town fixed up by Walter Knott. Join us for a fun birthday shenanigans at the Knott's Berry Farm sponsored Calico Old Mining Ghost Town in Yermo California located 13 miles east of Barstow in the Mojave Desert in the Calico Mountains. This popular tourist attraction that is a multi colored rocky mountain area produced one of the richest silver strikes in California history back in the 1800s. Back then the population rose to 1,200 people. After three hours of plundering the towns many saloons we paid a quick visit to the Rainbow Basin a natural area that has multi-colored rock formations. I wanted to spend the day doing something different with the birthday girl so I surprised her with this low key relaxing trip out to the desert. We even picked up a few inspirations for our Halloween home haunt decorated yard this year which happens to be an old abandoned western ghost town. We comment along the way as we explore and travel through the town and make prop, haunter, and Halloween references. You will see us explore old buildings, shops, abandoned silver mine called Maggie Shaft, Glory Holes, gold panning, see antique tools and equipment, mystery shacks that make us wheezy and gun slinging fights in the streets. The trip gave us several ideas for building all our Halloween ghost town facades. We didn't stay for the stunning Mojave sunset. Thanks for watching and joining us on this little adventure.
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one-room Calico School
church
explore this historic ghost town
old fashioned gold panning
Calico House Restaurant
the bath house, antique tubs, a laundry press and old west kitchen.
The Blacksmith shop
Calico Hiking Trail
cabins carved into the rocky hillsides
Calico & Odessa narrow gauge railway
more than 30 miles of underground passages.
explore 1,000 feet of tunnel with the the Glory Hole
the most mysterious places on earth
THE MYSTERY SHACK
Maggie Mine
trails
exploring silver mining in the Calico Ghost Town
Black Ops 2 Zombies Map Buried was inspired by Calico Ghost Town
Calico Ghost Town Haunt
Halloween decorations and Civil War cannon fire reenactment Calico Ghost town
The tilted room
The Glory Hole in the Maggie Mine Shaft

From his birth in the Bitterroot Mountains among the Salish Tribe, to his exploits as a warrior with the Lemhi Shoshone and Bannocks, Washakie was recognized early as an extraordinary person. But he made his historical claim to greatness in the second half of the 19th century, as chief of the Eastern Shoshone. For lesson plans, visit http://windriveredu.org/wes

The discovery of gold in the 1850s started a series of rushes that transformed Australia. See this Defining moment in Australia's history brought to life, as told by historian David Hunt. More: nma.gov.au/definingmoments

This is an early Fall Video from the end of September. I am that far behind!!
Live CTX digs and some really nice old Silver and copper coins. I show the screen and the tones and dig most of them out live.
Make sure to subscribe. Some killer hunts coming up to get you (and me!) through the winter!!

In this video I discover a mid to late 1800s portion of the property I've been hunting. The site looks very promising, but is full of iron. I'm still learning the CTX 3030 and had to switch to the XP Deus.

Off-Road String of Videos (Playlist) California Mojave Desert Mountains by Randsburg Thanksgiving 2015
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j22lvQCMUd4&list=PLC3i5fe68HPOw5JeTaBXowYzaKe97H7zt&index=1
http://www.youtube.com/RandsburgResort
Photos at http://Randsburg.blogspot.com/
Old West Desert Mountain Town at 3,600 feet (1,104 meters) above sea level (in southern California when as many as 2,000 to 10,000 to 20,000 people camp out in cottages and circle up in RV Round-Ups stretching for thirty miles from Randsburg to Johannesburg along US 395 south to California City, east of Mojave, 2-1/2 hours east of a totally different culture in Los Angeles. Off Roaders, Dirt Bikers and 4 Wheelers, love the basin and range with salt flats and endless twist and turn in the higher elevations of sagebrush hills and desert mountains in the warm southern California chaparral.
On the high end of Main Street in "the Living Ghost Town" of Randsburg only local artists show in the Randsburg Art Gallery. Randsburg resident population is not 70, not 50, but recently down to 48 people in the heart of this mountain side enclave of Bohemians living on the cool north slope.
Great views extend over mountain ranges Rand, El Paso and southern end of the Sierras to the northwest layering fifty miles deep into the Sierras at the far north of the Owens Valley greatly valued by many Wild West Hollywood movie directors including backgrounds for John Wayne films.
From the wide balcony of the Cottage Hotel at the high end of town, the northeast view looks over the tops of three mountain ranges advancing into lost desert basin and range, layering in greys from light to dark hiding mysteries of pioneers and prospectors of the Audacious Generation struggling against the Wild West impelled by burning visions inspired by travel guides and drawings of the 1850s overland journals telling wild stories of the greatest migration of people in the history of the world. Some of them pared off on the dry eastern drainage of the Sierras. People such as Seldom Seen Slim and desert homesteaders like the prior generations of Scrappy, manager of the Cottage Hotel, happy to be in the area all her life.
Antique phosphate sodas are thankfully not as sweet as many soda pops today.
In the Randsburg Art Gallery a hand painted map of southern California high desert depicts the highest elevation in the continental USA - Mount Whitney 14,495 feet above sea level in the Sequoia National Forest in the southern Sierra Nevada Mountains and a moderate distance to the east-southeast the lowest point in the United States - Death Valley at 282 feet BELOW sea level, too hot and too dry in the summer. In between are military reservations of Fort Irwin desert warfare and armored tank training center, China Lake Naval Weapons Center and Edwards Air Force Base. The map is a fresco 10 foot square. Off map to the northeast in southern Nevada is Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range and off map to the south is experimental military aircraft development center - Skunk Works, famous since the 1950s with the X-1 to Right Stuff coming together in the X-15.
First Bank of Randsburg was open for six months then failed. Randall Hoot Smith is now the pleasant owner.
Erma Maw - Choctaw Indian Artist.
Scene from Darwin, mining ghost town in southern California. Artist uses as many as thirty layers of paint, many layers use translucent paint.
Randsburg centrally located for hiking in the Sierras of southern Tulare County and eastern Kern County, and also other marvels of the Mojave Desert in southern Inyo County.
Randsburg is about 1200 feet (368 meters) above the much hotter desert floor, hence it is good for overnight stays before heading to Death Valley National Monument or other areas in the Mojave Desert. Only three hours from Los Angeles, Randsburg is also due east of the southern tip of the Sierra.

Edward Baptist explores the expansion of slavery in the decades after American Independence. A Book signing follows the program.
To access live, real-time captioning copy and paste the following URL into a separate browser window:
http://www.streamtext.net/text.aspx?event=091014nara1200pm

Written and played by Mike Jones about the many men and families who moved from country areas in the 1800's to work in the steelworks or coalmines of the South Wales valleys. Mike's great grandfather Sam Carter moved from Paulton in Somerset to the Rhymney valley in the 1850's.
recorded Paul Venables Spain 2007

Gold Rush Colony - http://www.kidsuniverse.com.au/listing/gold-rush-colony/ - Gold Rush Colony - The Original Gold Rush Colony provides a range of authentic historical and Gold Rush theme experiences including panning for gold, tours of how prospectors lived, worked and played during the gold rush of the 1850's.

Hey y'all. It's been a while since I posted a video, but I hope this makes up for it.
Here, we were panning for gold along a river that was mined heavily in the 1850s and still has gold and platinum today. The gold is mixed variety here, with some gold being about 12 karat cupric gold (has copper in it), Electrum (silver and gold alloy), and some being 24 karat pure gold.
To outline the process, what we were doing was scooping the moss on the rock into a classifier with a small shovel, crushing it all down to separate the dirt and plant matter, then wetting it down to wash out all of the lighter material so we were left with about 1/4 cup of black sand concentrate. We collected this in a bucket until we had enough to pan out completely, then cleaned out the gold.
We cleaned out about 1-2 grams of gold for about 20 pounds of dry sand. If you are looking for ways to get rich quick, this probably isn't
how to do it. All the gold is 100 -mesh and smaller.
Don't hesitate to like, share, subscribe or leave a comment if you want to. I won't mind. Really, I won't.
Check out my blog, Cat Footin;
http://thebobcatinthewoods.blogspot.com/
Check me out on Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/TheBobcatInTheWoods

The Gold Rush and the 1906 Earthquake: How they combined to create the breakthrough discovery of modern seismic science
Presenter: Ross S. Stein, USGS Scientist Emeritus, Consulting Professor of Geophysics at Stanford University.
- Accidents of Gold Rush merchant marine navigation transformed a seismic disaster into a seminal discovery and led to San Francisco's extreme liquefaction vulnerability today.
- Just about everything that we love about the Bay area is brought to us by the faults. We enjoy their daily fruits and so must live with their occasional spoils.
- No one knows when the next damaging quake will strike; we must frame the ‘payback period’ for seismic expenditures in terms of chance.

Relic Rangers Metal Detecting - Episode Fifty-Two
"Old Homestead Gold" (Ep. 2 of 3)
In this "Old Homestead Hunts" video we take you to several Pacific Northwest early American settler sites. Lots of cool relics and old silver coins are found. Andrew AKA "Silver Hawk" finds TWO very old and very beautiful gold rings! One is a gorgeous ladies ring with a ruby. The other is a MASSIVE 12 gram white gold men's wedding band. The ring appears to be very old and was hand made. Sit back and enjoy this one, it's completely insane!
See Ya’ll on the next hunt!
Please Like, Subscribe, comment and Share!
Relic Rangers Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheRelicRangers/
Gear used:
Minelab CTX 3030
Minelab eTrac
Garrett AT Pro
Garrett AT Gold
NEL Tornado Coil
NEL Thunder Coil
Garrett Propointer AT
Digging Tools: JLDigger JLD-36T
Samsung Galaxy S7
Cyberlink Powerdirector 16

Please join us for a conversation among the curators, Eve Blau and Robert Pietrusko, and invited media theorists, Laura Kurgan, Lev Manovich, and Jeffrey Schnapp about new methods of urban research that bring together design, scholarship, and critical media practice.
Focusing on Urban Intermedia: City, Archive, Narrative – the exhibition, research project, and methodological experiment currently on display in the Druker Design Gallery – the panel will explore a range of questions related to the use of archival materials and time-based media that were developed in the project: How are the materials and methods of urban research— and by extension the stories we tell with them—being transformed by new media formats and technologies? In this context, what constitutes an archive, and how might physical archival materials be incorporated into digital forms of urban scholarship? Is it possible to tell stories and construct arguments that speak across disciplinary boundaries through a shared media language? And, how would such a “shared media language” challenge the dominant conceptual frameworks of urban research?
The panel discussion will be immediately followed by a reception in the Druker Design Gallery for the exhibition Urban Intermedia: City, Archive, Narrative.
HARVARD-MELLON URBAN INITIATIVE is a multiyear cross-Harvard research and teaching project supported by funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. It brings together scholars and designers to develop new visual and digital methods and cross-disciplinary approaches to the study of urban environments, societies, and cultures. Four city-based research projects in Berlin, Boston, Istanbul, and Mumbai, along with related courses and programming, form the core of the project. Urban Intermedia: City, Archive, Narrative, the capstone project of the Initiative, presents the findings of the research and the media-rich methods of exploring the disciplinary ‘blind spots’ of urban research developed in the project.
For more information, please visit the Harvard Mellon Urban Initiative.
Co-Principal Investigators:
Eve Blau, Adjunct Professor of the History and Theory of Urban Form, GSD
Julie Buckler, Samuel Hazzard Cross Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures, FAS

chapter 10: A People's History (Of The United States) Howard Zinn.
~
Chapter 10, "The Other Civil War", covers the Anti-Rent movement, the Dorr Rebellion, the Flour Riot of 1837, the Molly Maguires, the rise of labor unions, the Lowell girls movement, and other class struggles centered around the various depressions of the 19th century. He describes the abuse of government power by corporations and the efforts by workers to resist those abuses.

See Our Ranch Hunts Near Havre Montana By Highland Hill Farm Call 215 651 8329 http://www.huntingrelics.com Huntingrelics.com is a site for hunters of Indian artifacts ...Largest access to private lands for arrowhead hunting, fossil hunting, dinosaur hunting and meteorite hunting in North America.
www.huntingrelics.com/ - Cached - SimilarMilan Pa Relic HuntingMilan Area Relic Hunting Lands. Milan is located in the Northern Tier of Pennsylvania in Bradford County. Milan is 2 miles south of the New York boarder on ...
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Show more results from www.huntingrelics.comCoin and Relic Hunting TipsOutdoor Metal Detecting tips to help you find more treasure. Hunt for coins when relic hunting. Colonial cellar holes, old foundations.
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This April sees the release of the first instalment in a series of metal detecting road trips: "Across the Cape" -- a 770km (470 mile) journey in the footsteps of the prospectors and settlers of the 1800s. Please enjoy this short preview! Warren and Colleen. www.nqexplorers.com www.facebook.com/nqexplorers www.garrettaustralia.com.au

TV presenters of Coxy's Big Break, Rhys Ulich and Coxy continue their adventure in Castlemaine aboard the historic Goldfields Railway. Dedicated volunteers have spent 30 years restoring the rail service, which travels through picturesque settings between Castlemaine and Maldon. Rhys talks to driver Paul McDonald about controlling the train and the heritage experience, as Coxy helps operate the train. The train runs every Wednesday, Sunday and public holidays.
Coxy visits Forest Creek which is a surviving section of original 1850's gold diggings. Coxy talks to expert Doug McConville about the history of Castlemaine's diggings and mining area where anyone can relive the gold rush era. Coxy also pans for gold with help from Doug. Forest Creek is free entry and open 7 days a week.
TV host Scherri-Lee Briggs is in town checking out Castlemaine's Hot Rods with local enthusiast Larry O' Tool, publisher of Street Rodding magazine. People that own and enjoy the hot rod revolution live in Castlemaine which is why it is the Hot Rod capital of Australia. Scherri-Lee also visits Rod Hadfeilds Hot Rod Museum where he has collected 18 Hot Rods dating back to the early 1900s.

Forestry, Logging, Wood, Lumber, Sawmills, Lumberjacks... playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_hX5wLdhf_ItHl6u0oUCHbUyb7KlUpup
Biosphere - Plants & Animals playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL1FCE267E4A977761
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/environment/environment_news.html
"Cutting, loading, transportation, mill sawing and finishing operations of the Northern California's redwood lumber industry."
Reupload of a previously uploaded film with improved video & sound.
Public domain film from the Library of Congress Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and one-pass brightness-contrast-color correction & mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logging_in_the_Sierra_Nevada
Logging in the Californian Sierra Nevada arose from the need to support growing communities in the area. The Gold Rush created a high demand for timber to build housing, for mining procedures, and especially to build railroads. In these days use was unregulated and in the first 20 years after the rush, a third of the timber in the Sierra Nevada was logged . Concern for the forests created a movement towards conservation at the turn of the 19th century creating state and national parks (Yosemite, Sequoia and Grant Grove) and forest reserves. The Sierra Club, a non-governmental organization (NGO), was founded around this time by the famous preservationist John Muir. Between 1900 and 1940 agencies like the U.S. Forest Service and The National Park Service regulated the use of the Sierra Nevada's resources. The economy boom after World War II dramatically increased timber production in the Sierras using clear-cutting as the dominant form of logging.
Methods
One method of logging is clear-cutting, removing all trees from a tract of land, which has caused major disturbances in the Sierra Nevada environment leaving patches of densely packed, single-specie, same-aged, tree plantations among the diverse old growth forest. Low-impact logging meets current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This typically means smaller periodic harvests and removing the worst trees to eliminate danger to high value trees...
Environmental effects
Logging practices have altered the majority of the native forests, transforming them into simplified forests of same-aged trees with a reduced ecological resilience[citation needed]. These disturbed stands are especially prone to catastrophic fire and mortality due to beetle infestation and disease. It has also caused fragmentation and increased edge effect, along with releasing pesticides and chemicals into the water and land. In the Sierra's there are 218 endemic plant species that are considered rare or threatened, and three plant species are believed to be extinct. Sixty-nine terrestrial vertebrate species are considered at risk by government agencies...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logging
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoia_sempervirens
Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living species of the genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly treated in Taxodiaceae). Common names include coast redwood, California redwood, and giant redwood. It is an evergreen, long-lived, monoecious tree living 1200--1800 years or more. This species includes the tallest trees on Earth, reaching up to 379 feet (115.5 m) in height (without the roots) and up to 26 feet (7.9 m) in diameter at breast height. Before commercial logging and clearing began by the 1850s, this massive tree occurred naturally in an estimated 2,100,000 acres (8,500 km2) along much of coastal California (excluding southern California where rainfall is not sufficient) and the southwestern corner of coastal Oregon within the United States. It is estimated that more than 95% of the original old-growth redwood forest has been cut down, due to its excellent properties for use as lumber in construction.
The name sequoia sometimes refers to the subfamily Sequoioideae, which includes S. sempervirens along with Sequoiadendron (giant sequoia) and Metasequoia (dawn redwood). On its own, the term redwood usually refers to the coast redwood, which is covered in this article, and not to the other two species...
Although coast redwoods are currently the world's tallest trees, it is possible that Australian mountain ash and Douglas-fir trees were taller—exceeding 400 feet (120 m)—before the commercial logging of the 19th and 20th centuries...
There is fairly solid evidence that before logging, coast redwoods were the world's largest trees, with specimens measured at over 55,000 cubic feet (1,600 m3) (660,000 board feet)...

The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. About the book: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0671255371/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0671255371&linkCode=as2&tag=tra0c7-20&linkId=e466e8af410d510aab178d97d3765afc
The first to hear confirmed information about gold in California were residents of Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), western Mexico, and Central America. They were the first to go there in late 1848. All told, the news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad. Of the 300,000, approximately half arrived by sea and half came overland from the east, on the California Trail and the Gila River trail.
The gold-seekers, called "forty-niners" (as a reference to 1849), often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the Gold Rush attracted tens of thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia, and Asia. At first, the gold nuggets could be picked up off the ground. Later, gold was recovered from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques, such as panning. More sophisticated methods were developed and later adopted elsewhere. At its peak, technological advances reached a point where significant financing was required, increasing the proportion of gold companies to individual miners. Gold worth tens of billions of today's dollars was recovered, which led to great wealth for a few. However, many returned home with little more than what they had started with.
The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852. Roads and other towns were built throughout California. In 1849 a state constitution was written, and a governor and legislature were chosen. California became a state as part of the Compromise of 1850.
New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service. By 1869 railroads were built across the country from California to the eastern United States. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. At the beginning of the Gold Rush, there was no law regarding property rights in the goldfields and a system of "staking claims" was developed. The Gold Rush also resulted in attacks on Native Americans, who were forcibly removed from their lands. An estimated 100,000 California Indians died between 1848 and 1868, and some 4,500 of them were murdered. Gold mining also caused environmental harm to rivers and lakes.
Overnight California gained the international reputation as the "golden state".[138] Generations of immigrants have been attracted by the California Dream. California farmers,[139] oil drillers,[140] movie makers,[141] airplane builders,[142] and "dot-com" entrepreneurs have each had their boom times in the decades after the Gold Rush.[143]
The literary history of the Gold Rush is reflected in the works of Mark Twain (The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County), Bret Harte (A Millionaire of Rough-and-Ready), Joaquin Miller (Life Amongst the Modocs), and many others.[29][144]
Included among the modern legacies of the California Gold Rush are the California state motto, "Eureka" ("I have found it"), Gold Rush images on the California State Seal,[145] and the state nickname, "The Golden State", as well as place names, such as Placer County, Rough and Ready, Placerville (formerly named "Dry Diggings" and then "Hangtown" during rush time), Whiskeytown, Drytown, Angels Camp, Happy Camp, and Sawyers Bar. The San Francisco 49ers National Football League team, and the similarly named athletic teams of California State University, Long Beach, are named for the prospectors of the California Gold Rush.
In addition. the standard route shield of state highways in California is in the shape of a miner's spade to honor the California Gold Rush.[146][147] Today, aptly named State Route 49 travels through the Sierra Nevada foothills, connecting many Gold Rush-era towns such as Placerville, Auburn, Grass Valley, Nevada City, Coloma, Jackson, and Sonora.[148] This state highway also passes very near Columbia State Historic Park, a protected area encompassing the historic business district of the town of Columbia; the park has preserved many Gold Rush-era buildings, which are presently occupied by tourist-oriented businesses.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_gold_rush

#History #Germany
Please order ebook/audiobook of this video to support our channel https://www.smashwords.com/books/view/678402, https://www.amazon.co.uk/History-of-Germany/dp/B01LFTN06K/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1538744910&sr=1-1&keywords=History+of+Germany+introbooks or https://www.audible.com/pd/History-of-Germany-Audiobook/B01LFTNE7U?qid=1538744917&sr=sr_1_1&ref=a_search_c3_lProduct_1_1&pf_rd_p=e81b7c27-6880-467a-b5a7-13cef5d729fe&pf_rd_r=T3FH5Z2T989043BBWVAX&
Germany is a great power today, and has the world’s 4th largest economy. It is a global leader in various technological and industrial sectors along with being the world’s 3rd largest importer and exporter of goods. Watch this video to learn the fundamentals of the German History.

In an age of pervasive public monitoring and personal sharing, can individual privacy really exist? The advent of drone and smart-phone photography, metadata mining and wearable cameras has had an effect on anyone who walks down a street, uses email, posts a video or searches online for a companionship. This panel discussion—scheduled to coincide with the exhibition “Taking a Closer Look at Surveillance Culture through Photography,” at the Open Society Foundations’ New York location, and also inspired by “Surveillance.01,” an exhibition at the Independent Filmmaker Project—features artists, critics and industry professionals who engage with a wide variety of surveillance photography.

Facilities.
Facilities for business continuity may include alternate workspace equipped for continuation of business operations. Alternate facilities may be owned or contracted including office space, data center, manufacturing and distribution.
Systems.
Systems for emergency response may include detection, alarm, warning, communications, suppression and pollution control systems. Protection of critical equipment within a data center may include sensors monitoring heat, humidity and attempts to penetrate computer firewalls.
Every building has exit routes so people can evacuate if there is a hazard within the building. These exit routes should be designed and maintained in accordance with applicable regulations.

Business continuity resources may include spare or redundant systems that serve as a backup in case primary systems fail. Systems for crisis communications may include existing voice and data technology for communicating with customers, employees and others.
Equipment.
Equipment includes the means for teams to communicate. Radios, smartphones, wired telephone and pagers may be required to alert team members to respond, to notify public agencies or contractors and to communicate with other team members to manage an incident.
Many tools may be required to prepare a facility for a forecast event such as a hurricane, flooding or severe winter storm.
Materials and Supplies.
Materials and supplies are needed to support members of emergency response, business continuity and crisis communications teams. Food and water are basic provisions.
Systems and equipment needed to support the preparedness program require fuel. Emergency generators and diesel engine driven fire pumps should have a fuel supply that meets national standards or local regulatory requirements. That means not allowing the fuel supply to run low because replenishment may not be possible during an emergency. Spare batteries for portable radios and chargers for smartphones and other communications devices should be available.
Funding.
Worksheets.