Module 21: Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov – psychologist who is responsible for early works with classical conditioning. He was the first Russian psychologist to win a Nobel Prize for his works. Pavlov experimented by studying salivary secretion in dogs. Dogs would salivate when they were presented with food; however they would also salivate with different stimuli that were associated with food. This could be the same person who brings the food, the dish the food is served in, or other stimuli. These are known as “Psychic Secretions.” Unconditioned Response (UR ) - Something that happens because of a stimulus. EX: The dog is presented with food, so it salivates . Unconditioned Stimulus (US) - Something that invokes a response naturally. EX: The dog is presented with food , so it salivates. Conditioned Response (CR) - Something that happens because of a purposely caused stimulus, with conditioning. EX: The tone is rung , so the dog salivates. Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - Something that provokes a response on purpose, with conditioning. EX: The tone is rung, so the dog salivates . Conditioned = Learned ; UN Conditioned = UN Learned His experiment went as so: He isolated dogs, and fed them the same way every day. The dogs would salivate (UR) when the food was brought (US). Then, he would ring a bell (CS), before presenting the dog with food (US), and the dog would salivate (CR). After that he would ring the same tone (CS), and the dog would salivate (CR). He came up with five major parts of the conditioning process. There were Acquisition , Extinction , Spontaneous Recovery , Generalization , and Discrimination . Aquisiton – Initial Learning during conditioning. Extinction – If the (CS) occurs with no (US), the (CR) will occur less and less often. It dies out over time. It can have a relapse period, but then it dies out again. Spontaneous Recovery – After the relapse during the Extinction process, when the (CR) comes back, it’s known as spontaneous recovery.

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