This paper was the first to identify the problem of pathological
Internet routing and to propose the use of overlay routing to
compensate for the poor behavior of the Internet.
Commercial versions of detour routing are available from Akamai and Limelight.

This paper makes the case for the (then controversial, now standard) idea
of building scalable services out of clusters of commodity computers.
A spinoff of this project was the search engine pioneer Inktomi, acquired
by Yahoo! Among the innovations described in the paper are the use of
cluster memory to improve file system performance and providing a
unified scalable network storage abstraction across the cluster.

This paper was the first to provide software sandboxing for the
safe execution of third party plug-ins, written in any arbitrary language.
Software sandboxing is widely used today in web browsers;
the language independent approach taken by
this paper is being used in Google's Native Client system for
executing x86 plug-ins. It has also been proposed for sandboxing kernel
device drivers, the primary source of operating system crashes.

Operating system kernel support for efficient user-level threads.
Scheduler activations have been implemented in several research
operating systems (e.g., MIT's Exokernel and MSR's Barrelfish) and
were most recently were implemented in Windows 7 as part of
Microsoft’s strategy to support multicore architectures.

Operating System Support for High Performance Multiprocessing
Thomas Anderson
Ph.D. Thesis, University of Washington, UW Technical Report 91-08-10, August
1991

This paper invented the lock set algorithm, the first practical approach
to automatically identifying data races in multithreaded programs using
mutual exclusion for synchronization. This algorithm is in wide use
in toolkits for writing and debugging multithreaded programs.