Gcse t - totals maths coursework

N = the number of civilizations in our galaxy with which communication might be possible (. which are on our current past light cone);
R* = the average number of star formation per year in our galaxy
fp = the fraction of those stars that have planets
ne = the average number of planets that can potentially support life per star that has planets
fl = the fraction of planets that could support life that actually develop life at some point
fi = the fraction of planets with life that actually go on to develop intelligent life (civilizations)
fc = the fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into space
L = the length of time for which such civilizations release detectable signals into space

Voice, the union for education professionals, thought the English Baccalaureate was narrow and pointless. General secretary, Philip Parkin, said: "Whether as a performance measure or an actual certificate of achievement, it has no point." He suggested that instead of promoting the EBac, the Government should "look at how the whole assessment system could be transformed, with more teacher and ongoing assessment, a greater range and type of subjects on offer to inspire pupils and parity between the vocational and the academic."