// Assiging the Sliding Tab Layout View
tabs = (SlidingTabLayout) findViewById(R.id.tabs);
tabs.setDistributeEvenly(true); // To make the Tabs Fixed set this true, This makes the tabs Space Evenly in Available width

1). When the FragmentPagerAdapter adds a Fragment to the FragmentManager, it uses a special tag based on the particular position that the Fragment will be placed. So you can simply get the current visible Fragment in your ViewPager using these lines of code

Fragment page = getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag("android:switcher:" + R.id.pager + ":" + ViewPager.getCurrentItem());
// based on the current position you can then cast the page to the correct Fragment class and call some method inside that fragment to reload the data:
if (0 == ViewPager.getCurrentItem() && null != page) {
((TabFragment1)page).reloadFragmentData();
}

2). You should keep track of all the active fragments in the FragmentStatePagerAdapter. For demo sample you can refer to second approach here

3). You can make use of EventBus to post events to your Fragment from anywhere. All you have to do is to register your Fragment for that specific event. For official documentation refer this