Abstract

Understanding which species are most vulnerable to human impacts is a prerequisite for designing effective conservation strategies. Surveys of terrestrial species have suggested that large-bodied species and top predators are the most at risk, and it is commonly assumed that such patterns also apply in the ocean. However, there has been no global test of this hypothesis in the sea. We analyzed two fisheries datasets (stock assessments and landings) to determine the life-history traits of species that have suffered dramatic population collapses. Contrary to expectations, our data suggest that up to twice as many fisheries for small, low trophic-level species have collapsed compared with those for large predators. These patterns contrast with those on land, suggesting fundamental differences in the ways that industrial fisheries and land conversion affect natural communities. Even temporary collapses of small, low trophic-level fishes can have ecosystem-wide impacts by reducing food supply to larger fish, seabirds, and marine mammals.

Researchers report biparental inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in 17 members of three unrelated multigeneration families, paving the way for insights into alternative mechanisms for the treatment of inherited mitochondrial diseases.

Researchers report a machine-learning approach to identify land plants at risk of extinction, suggesting that the approach can be used to guide policies aimed at allocating resources for biodiversity conservation.

A study explores how cats groom fur using fine structures called papillae on the surface of the tongue and presents a biologically inspired hairbrush to remove allergens from cat fur and apply medications on cat skin.