This class is the class of machines, implements and accessories
for fluid treatment of textile fabrics, textile fibers, and pulp
as for the purpose of carbonizing, bleaching, dyeing, moistening,
mercerizing or mordanting the same or for the removal of dirt, grease,
soil, and other like substances from them by the use of solvents, saponifiers
or emulsifiers, unless specifically provided for elsewhere.

The machines of this class have been divided into the following
types:

Gas, steam, or mist treating. These are machines for subjecting
a textile to a fluid in the form of a gas, steam, or mist.

Scrubbing. These are machines for effecting treatment of
textiles, while saturated with a liquid, by reason of a sliding
action taking place between the textiles and a contacting element,
during which action the textiles may be kneaded or brushed. Scrubbing
may be effected by the use of a pair of cooperating rolls if they
rotate at different peripheral velocities or rotate in the same
direction. Generally, scrubbers have a squeezing effect which is
incidental to the scrubbing action.

Squeezing. These are machines for effecting treatment of
textiles, while saturated with a liquid, by reason of application
and release of pressure on the textiles.

Impulsing. These are machines for effecting treatment of
textiles, while immersed in a liquid, by causing an intermittently
movable element to impart repeated impulses to portions of the textiles
as distinguished from the entire mass, such that the textile portions
will travel a distance independently of the moving element.

Dragging. These are machines for effecting treatment of discrete
portions of the entire mass of textiles by causing them to be engaged
by and dragged around the tub with a moving element, without the
textile portions being clamped to the element, while the textiles
are submerged in a liquid. Generally, the moving element is a pin
or comprises fingers or narrow blades. Where the entire mass of
textiles is moved within a tub or moved into and out of the tub
in one continuous cycle, as by rakes or conveyors moving the entire
mass, the patents are classified in the liquid flow subclasses.

Tumbling. These are machines for effecting treatment of textiles
by causing them to be tumbled about in a drum or cage which is mounted
on a horizontal or inclined axis, said textiles being submerged
in a liquid during at least a portion of the revolution of the drum
or cage and being free to move in the cage. The drum or cage must
make at least a 360° revolution, and may or may not have
vanes, buckets, or the like to cause a circulation of liquid within
the tumbler and may or may not have vanes to cause a rubbing action
within the tumbler.

Liquid flowing. These are machines for effecting treatment
of textiles by reason of the relative motion of a liquid and the
textiles as by the forcing of a liquid by pumps, by centrifuging
or the like through the textiles, or by the shifting bodily of the
entire mass of textiles through the liquid with free access of the
liquid thereto in contradistinction to moving discrete portions
of the textiles, or by the agitation of the entire mass of both
the liquid and the textiles submerged in the liquid.

Liquid applying. These are machines for treating textiles
with liquid in which the textiles are subjected to an application
of liquid other than by being submerged in the liquid or by being
subjected to a vapor, spray, or mist.

NOTES

(1) PROCESSES:

Where both process and apparatus (for Class 68) for its practice
are claimed, the patent is classified in the class appropriate to
the process claimed and is cross-referenced to this class for the
apparatus. (Note: Where the Search notes below are to processes,
this is noted by a parenthentical insert at the end of the note.
Otherwise, the Search note is to Apparatus.)

Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, which is the generic class for processes of bleaching
and dyeing materials of any kind, fluid treatment and chemical modification
of textiles, fibers, hides, skins, and other animal tissues, and
see the notes thereto for related art. (Processes)

Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for apparatus for operating on materials other then
textiles and fibers by means of a draft or current of air, steam,
or equivalent gaseous fluid, brushing, scraping, shaking, wiping, shotting,
or the use of a squeegee, both with and without use of a liquid;
also for cleaning spots by means of an implement provided with an
applicator; also apparatus especially designed for cleaning floor
coverings and upholstery while in normal serviceable position by
such means whether with or without the use of a liquid.

Textiles: Cloth Finishing,
subclasses 19+ for fluid treatment of cloth for the purpose of
fulling the same, and subclasses 81, 92, and 106 for stretching
combined with gaseous (e.g., steam) treatment for heating or drying.

Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for gearing for driving a
part of a washing machine without claiming the element which in
itself does the washing. When the element which does the washing
is claimed, no matter how broadly, the patents are classified in
this class (68).

Supports: Racks,
subclasses 119.01+ for clotheslines of the type wherein isolated supports
are joined by flexible strands on which clothes are hung. Other
clotheslines, such as single supports with arms supporting flexible strands,
and rack structures with rigid or flexible clothes supporting elements
are in other appropriate subclasses of Class 211.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for cleaning and conditioning used journal box
lubricating waste or the like including mechanisms for extracting
or separating the used oil from the waste, purifying the used oil,
cleaning the waste, reconditioning the waste and reimpregnating
the waste with pure lubricating oil, and combinations thereof, not otherwise
provided for.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Machines for the purpose of destroying a part of the textile
material to clear the same from the remainder of the textiles by
utilizing a fluid, the fluid being usually an acid either in the
liquid or gaseous form.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Textile fluid treating machines with some additive, removable,
or displaceable part, other than the drive mechanism, and which
part may or may not be replaced by another part, to alter the function
of the machine.

(1)Note. The new function may be another mode of fluid textile
treatment.

Textiles: Cloth Finishing, for machines for steaming and working a fabric to
shrink the same, subclass 18.5 and subclasses 81, 92, and 106, for
apparatus combining steaming and stretching a running web of textile.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Machines or devices wherein there are no moving parts save
a fluid controlling valve or pump and wherein the device includes
a cylinder about which the textile is wrapped.

This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Machines in which a textile holder or holders may be moved
relatively to a series of vats containing different liquids for
progressive or selective immersion in the liquids.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Machines in which there are a plurality of vats, each adapted
to contain liquid and textiles and in which there is a textile-working
device such as a squeezer, impeller or drag, which is transferable
from one vat to another.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein the textile fluid treating machine
is a single tub controlled by a device which enables sequential
treatment steps to be performed without intervention by a human being.

Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, particularly
subclasses 56+ , 58, and 95.1 for a process or a means for sequential
or automatic operation of several steps of fluid treatment or liquid
contact with nontextile articles.

Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
subclasses 400 through 696for a process of or a composition for dyeing material
of any kind including specific treatment peculiarly related to dyeing,
such as mordanting, color protecting, etc.

Fluid Handling,
subclass 240for fluid handling systems combined with means
to add material to the fluid and subclass 268 for a fluid handling
system combined with means for holding solid material to be dissolved
or entrained in the fluid.

Fluid Handling, appropriate subclasses for a mere valved pipe;
subclasses 59+ , 107, 302+, 312+, 427, 562, 565.36,
577+, and 596 for an overflow and drain of general utility; subclass
268 for a fluid handling system including means for holding solid material
which is to be dissolved or entrained in fluid; appropriate subclass
for means to valve soap to the machine; and subclass 387 for a liquid level
responsive or maintaining system for controlling the operation of
a washing machine.

Fluid Handling,
subclass 240for addition of separate material in an additional
cleaning system, subclass 268 for the addition of nonfluid material
to a flow system, subclasses 331+ for cyclic or program
type actuation of valves and subclass 387 for fluid level control
of a machine for treating nontextile-type material.

Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,
subclasses 245+ for an apparatus for applying electrical or radiant
energy to work and subclasses 266+ for a process involving
applying electrical or radiant energy to work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter including means to selectively connect the
driving and the driven parts of the machine (i.e., clutch) or an
assembly of mechanical power transmitting elements, (i.e., tranmission)
and significance is attributed to the clutch or transmission.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.24. Subject matter wherein particular significance is attributed
to a means for temporarily stopping, detaining or hindering some
part of the clutch or transmission.

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to either
(a) a means for mechanically or electrically giving a humanly preceptible
signal or (b) a means which responds to a physical stimulus and
transmits a resulting impulse.

Stoves and Furnaces, for a water heater or steam generator of an open or unpressurized
type, or may be a closed or pressurized type if it is part of the
stove or furnace structure having other than significant structure
for fluid treatment of a textile; and
subclasses 344 through 363.1for a liquid heater that may include a kettle,
a steam generator, stove pipe for use with a stove, and a domestic
water heater or boiler (e.g., kitchen boiler, range boiler, etc.)
for use with a stove or furnace.

Fluid Handling,
subclass 268for fluid handling systems including means for holding
solid material to be dissolved or entrained in the fluid, and appropriate
subclass for means to valve soap to the machine.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19.1. Machine wherein the liquid removal means includes (a) means
for rotating the textile rapidly about an axis to effect outward
radial movement of the liquid therefrom while restraining the textile
against such movement, and (b) means for supplying a gaseous medium to
the textile.

(1)Note. The gaseous medium may be heated before or during contact
with the textile.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Machines combined with means to facilitate drying of the
textiles by means of the passage of a gaseous medium through the
textiles or by withdrawing vapor from the textiles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Machine wherein the liquid removal means includes means
for rotating the textile rapidly about an axis to effect outward
radial movement of the liquid therefrom, while restraining the textile
against such movement.

Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for breaking
up a mixture of fluids or fluent substances into two or more components
by centrifuging within a generally solid-walled, receptacle-like
member. If utilized for treating textiles, however, an imperforate
bowl, centrifugal extractor, per se, is not in Class 494, but, rather,
is in this class (68), inasmuch as the treating of textiles is not
within the scope of that class (494), if on the other hand, the
centrifugal extractor is perforate in nature, it may be proper for
Class 210, noted above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Machine wherein the centrifuge is provided with means effective
to either (a) reduce or eliminate vibratory forces caused by an
unbalanced condition of a textile load within the centrifuge, or
(b) reduce the conduction of such forces to any structure supporting
the centrifuge.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23.1. Machine including means for applying forces to the centrifuge,
during its rotation, to position the center of gravity of the centrifuge
and its load on the geometric axis of rotation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Machine including means for regulating fluid flow either
to or from the centrifuge, in addition to the basic extraction,
which means operates in response to the direction or speed of rotation
of the centrifuge.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Machine wherein both the liquid treatment of the textile
and the centrifugal extraction are effected by means including a
generally cylindrical receptacle mounted for rotation about a horizontal
or nonvertical axis.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Machines of the type wherein the liquid treatment is effected
on an axis other than vertical while the centrifuging is done on
a vertical axis. Generally the receptacle or the whole machine is
tilted from an inclined or horizontal axis to a vertical axis, but
the subclass also includes means whereby the material-containing
receptacle may be rotated on two axes without shifting the axis
of the receptacle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Machines of the type wherein the liquid treatment of a textile
is effected in one receptacle and the centrifuging is effected in
another receptacle to which the textile has been transferred.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Multiple connected textile liquid treatment machines; also
single receptacles provided with partition walls nonmovable with
respect to the receptacles to maintain batches of textiles being
treated separated from one another, with means in each compartment
movable with respect to the textiles in that compartment to effect
an operation on the textiles; also machines provided with a movable
textile-engaging element, the exterior surface of which forms part
of a liquid treatment means for operation upon one batch of articles
and having within the element a receptacle wherein a second batch
of textiles may be treated.

(1)Note. The compartments may or may not have fluid communication
with each other and the means for effecting the treatment may be
a tumbling cylinder in a compartment, or one or both machines may
be of the liquid flow-type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Wherein squeezing and scrubbing of textile materials is
effected by one or more elements freely movable in the liquid within
a receptacle, there being still another mode of textile liquid treatment
provided.

(1)Note. The "another mode of textile liquid treatment" may
be of the liquid flow-types as where a tub is moved bodily to cause
the textiles and liquid in the tub to move relative to one another,
or as where the textiles are fastened to a carrier to be moved thereby
through the liquid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Machines of the type wherein the treatment is effected by
a squeezing action between a roll and another element, generally
another roll, and in which either the roll or the other element reciprocates
longitudinally of the roll axis to effect a scrubbing action.

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Machines to squeeze and scrub textiles wherein there are
at least two cooperating elements and both of which are positively
moved to effect the treatment.

(1)Note. Structures wherein one of the elements is merely resiliently
supported are excluded from this class.

(2)Note. One of the elements may be a scrub board movable beneath
or above the textiles to scrub the same and the other may be a roller
or rollers movable along the scrub board to squeeze the opposite
face of the textiles. One of the elements may have a combined squeezing
and scrubbing action.

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Machines to squeeze and scrub textiles wherein there are
at least two cooperating elements, both of which are movable to
effect the treatment and wherein one of the movable elements moves
with the tub.

This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Machines of the character wherein the movable element has
a pivotable motion only.

(1)Note. The two actions are usually a scrubbing action between
a corrugated face on the swinging element and a cooperating corrugated
face in the tub, and a squeezing action between the same swinging
element and some faces in the tub which serve as abutments for textiles in
the tub. Another mode of accomplishing the two actions is by causing
a swinging member having both rollers and a corrugated face to sweep
across a corrugated bed. Still another mode is by having the pivotally
mounted member force a cooperating scrub member to swing about a
pivot eccentric to the pivot of the first member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Machines provided with means to scrub a textile combined
with means to effect relative motion between the textile and the
liquid.

(1)Note. The scrubbers may be widely separated elements in a
receptacle and the textiles may be freely movable in an oscillatory
or rectilinearly reciprocable receptacle.

(2)Note. The motion of the liquid must be caused by something
other than the movement of the scrubber itself.

(3)Note. Structures wherein the scrubber is on the walls of
a reciprocatory, oscillating or rotary receptacle are excluded from
this subclass and will be found in the tumbler and liquid flow subclasses
of this class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Combined scrubber and liquid flow machines provided with
a bed and an endless apron carrying the textiles beneath a liquid
wherein the scrubbing action takes place between these elements
by reason of their relative motion with respect to one another.

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Combined scrubbing and liquid flow wherein a movable scrubbing
element pivoted on a horizontal axis has means to clamp the textile thereto
to carry the textile beneath the liquid and against the cooperating
scrubbing element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Combined scrubbers and liquid flow machines of the roll
and platen type wherein the roll has means to facilitate the wrapping
thereabout or otherwise carrying of the textile to be treated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Squeezing machines in which the squeezing of the textile
is effected by the coaction of a plurality of endless belts carrying
the textile in or beneath a liquid and a squeezer.

(1)Note. Generally a pair of belts is employed between which
the textile is placed, and the whole is passed between rolls or
beneath a pounder.

This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Combined squeezing and liquid flow machines in which the
squeezing of the textile is effected between an endless belt carrying
the textile in or beneath a liquid and a squeezer.

(1)Note. Generally the machine comprises an apron on which the
textile is placed, which apron passes beneath the surface of a liquid
and a roller or bank of rollers or the machine comprises a belt
to which the textile is secured and which is dragged by the belt
through the liquid and a pair of cooperating squeezers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Combined squeezing and liquid flow machines in which there
is a roll about which the textile is wrapped and which carries the
textile through the liquid and beneath another roll.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Combined squeezing and liquid flow machines wherein there
is a roll about which a textile is wrapped and which carries the
textile through the liquid and beneath a roller bed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Machines of the type wherein the squeezing is effected by
means of a free moving weight which shifts back and forth in a predetermined path
in the tub as the tub oscillates or reciprocates.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Machines of the type wherein pumping means of the mechanical-type
is employed to effect flow of liquid in a definite direction or
directions through the textiles being treated.

(1)Note. The pump may be incorporated with the squeezer element
(as a valved pounder), or be a pump structure operating coordinately
with the movements of the squeezer element or be a pump driven by
a separate motor means; and the pump may be of the valved type to produce
a flow of liquid in one direction only or of the surge-type to produce
currents in alternately opposite directions. Pounders, however
are not regarded as pumps unless they are valved or operate in pump
cylinders.

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Machines provided with means to impel a textile through
a liquid combined with means other than vanes on the receptacle
to effect a flow of liquid through the textile.

(1)Note. The said other means may be either a liquid pump or
a gas pump to pump air through the liquid in the tub and through
the textile.

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Machines provided with tumblers and with means to effect
a flow of liquid through the tumbler either by moving the tumbler
bodily through the liquid or by passing a liquid through the tumbler
by means other than elements rigidly or pivotally attached to the
tumbler.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Machines of the type wherein the liquid flow is effected
by means of heat applied to the tub and a resultant mixture of steam
and hot liquid is forced through nozzles into the tub or tumbler.

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Machines wherein there is a tumbler for textiles and there
is either a nonmovable device within the tumbler, or a device mounted
for movement independently of the tumbler, for scrubbing the textiles.

(1)Note. The scrubbing device is usually a rotatable drum or
a scrub board hung loosely on a shaft within the tumbler. Where
the scrub elements are mounted for movement with the tumbler, see
this class, subclass 139, and indented subclasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Machines provided with scrubbers only and not otherwise
classifiable below.

(1)Note. See definition of scrubbing in main class definition
of this class.

(2)Note. A machine with a scrubber above a fixed roller bed,
or with a fixed roller cooperating with a fixed corrugated bed, or
with a roller and bed which move so as to create a sliding action
there-between, or with brushes whether or not the brushes be on
rollers, is a scrubber. A machine with a fixed axis roller cooperating
with a fixed roller bed, or with a roller traversing a corrugated
bed, or with a corrugated bed transversing a fixed axis roller,
is a squeezer. A machine with a scrubber and a reciprocable roller
bed is a combined scrubber and squeezer. A machine with a roller
pressing the textile against an endless carrier apron or belt or
between carrier belts is a combined squeezer and liquid flow device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Machines provided with scrubbing elements between which
a textile is scrubbed wherein both cooperating elements move to
effect the scrubbing operation and at least one of them has a motion
of reciprocation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Scrubbers of the type wherein both cooperating elements
are pivotally mounted on a horizontal axis.

(1)Note. Generally the elements are each a scrubber arcuate
in form and oscillating in opposite directions, the opposed faces of
the elements being corrugated. One of the scrubbers may oscillate
with the tub. In all instances, the scrubbers are so close together
as not to permit of swishing of the textiles through the liquid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Scrubbers involving a scrubbing element which is rotated.

(1)Note. A scrubber is regarded as having an oscillatory motion
rather than a rotary motion when the construction is such as to
inhibit rotation of the scrubber through more than 360°,
or the construction is such as to make it awkward to manipulate
the scrubber through an angle of more than 360°.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Scrubbers of the rotary-type wherein one element is a brush
roller and the other is a roller which may or may not be a brush
between which the textile passes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Scrubbers of the rotary-type wherein one element is a roll
and the other is a platen.

(1)Note. The platen may be plane or concaved and may or may
not be corrugated.

(2)Note. If the cooperating element with which the roll coacts
comprises a roller or series of rollers, rotating or free to rotate
at the same peripheral speed as the roll, see the squeezer subclasses
of this class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Machines wherein there is a pair of fixed cooperating scrub
elements with a carrier element therebetween, said carrier element
having textiles draped thereabout or clamped thereto, and by means
of which the textiles are transported between the scrub elements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Squeezing machines embodying a roll which rolls over a textile,
or squeezing machines wherein the textiles are carried by said roll
into and between the roll and a cooperating squeezing element.

(1)Note. For distinction between a squeezer and a scrubber,
see the second note under subclass 63 of this class.

Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus
for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing
ends to effect movement of the material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Machines wherein a roll or drum has a planetary motion by
reason of which a textile is squeezed between the roll or drum and
a cooperating surface.

(1)Note. The roll or drum may be mounted eccentrically on a
vertical axis and roll over the textiles which are positioned between
it and the wall of the receptacle or the roll or drum may rotate
about an axis itself rotating in an orbital path about a parallel
axis outside of the roll or drum.

This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Squeezing machines provided with a roll or wheel and a bed
mounted to rotate on a vertical axis, in which the roll or wheel
axis is radial or substantially so to the vertical axis, with the roll
or wheel located wholly to one side of the vertical axis.

This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Squeezing machines wherein there is a tub which is displaceable
about a vertical axis to position successive portions of a batch
of textiles beneath a vertically reciprocable squeezer.

(1)Note. For squeezers in combination with means for moving
receptacle to create a liquid flow within the receptacle, see this class,
subclass 48. In subclass 111 the receptacle is generally moved
intermittently or through a small angle for each operation of the
squeezer.

This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Squeezers provided with a pair of elements both of which
are movable toward and from each other to effect the squeezing of
the textiles.

(1)Note. The elements may be pivoted to swing toward each other
or may move in rectilinear paths. Where a bed, tray or cage moves
broadside to the liquid, where there is also a squeezing action, see
this class, subclasses 48+.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Machines of the type wherein a plurality of squeezers mounted
on a horizontal axis or axes are provided with opposed squeezing
faces cooperating with two opposite walls of the tub.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Machines of the type wherein a single squeezer mounted on
a horizontal axis comprises a plate which is generally horizontal
in its squeezing position and is pivoted either along one edge of the
plate or by arms which are pivoted on an axis in the plane of the
plate.

This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Squeezing machines with a squeezer having a substantially
rectilinear motion, the squeezer being provided with opposed squeezer
faces cooperating with opposed beds or walls of a tub.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Squeezing machines of the type in which the squeezer has
a substantially rectilinear vertical motion and in which the squeezer
is displaced, or in which means are provided to facilitate displacement
of the squeezer, while out of pressure engagement with the textiles,
to cause the succeeding squeezing actions to be at different positions
in the tub.

This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Squeezing machines in which the squeezers are of the vertically
rectilinearly reciprocating type and in which there are a plurality
of squeezers acting successively on a batch of textiles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Machines for impelling textiles while submerged in a liquid.

(1)Note. See definition of impulsing in main class definition
of this class.

(2)Note. Impulsers using impellers are distinguished from machines
using drags or dollies by function and structure. The function
of an impeller is to impart a force to the textile so as to cause
it to move a distance independently of the impeller; the function
of a drag or dolly is to move the textile with the drag in its movement
or movements.In structure, the impeller, used is an impulser, is
generally a broad flat surface which may or may not be perforate,
and which has an intermittent movement. The drag or dolly generally
consists of a pin or plurality of pins or an open grille work to cause
textiles to move with the drag or dolly, said drag or dolly having
either a continuous rotary movement or a reciprocating movement.
Impulsers and drags are distinguished from squeezing machines in
that there is no surface cooperating with the impeller or drag between
which surface and the impeller or drag the textiles may be compresses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Machines for effecting treatment of textiles by dragging
them through a liquid and in which the drag element is mounted on
a vertical axis and is driven from above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Textile treating machines wherein the treatment is effect
solely by reason of relative movement between the textiles being
treated and a liquid.

(1)Note. See definition of liquid flowing in the main class
definition of this class.

(2)Note. The textile may be repeatedly dipped in a bath or passed
therethrough in a continuous process of feeding the textile into
a bath, treating it in the bath and removing the textile from the
bath, or there may be a movement of the textile in a liquid bath,
the movement being created by gaseous currents. There may be elements
affixed to the interior of the textile-carrying receptacle to effect
a scrubbing action on the textile material as it is sloshed about.

(3)Note. Patents wherein the treatment of textiles is effected
by reason of the textiles falling from height and impacting against
an abutment, as within a tumbler, are excluded from this subclass
and the indented subclasses, and will be found for the most part
in subclasses 139+, and in the combined operations subclasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Machines of the type wherein in addition to the movement
of a perforate cage or a perforate carrier in or through a liquid,
means are provided for effecting a movement of the body of liquid.

(1)Note. This subclass and the indented subclasses take patents
in which the textiles are centrifuged to cause flow of liquids relative
thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Machines of the type wherein a cage or carrier is moved
through a liquid and the textile is wound in package form about
a longitudinal axis, the liquid being forced axially out of the wound
packages.

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Machines of the type in which a cage or carrier is mounted
on a vertical axis and a portion of the cage or carrier or a portion
moving therewith serves as a pump to enforce circulation of liquid
through the cage or carrier.

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Machines of the type wherein the textiles are supported
on a tray or placed in a cage which tray or cage is oscillated through
less than 360° on a horizontal axis.

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Machines wherein the treatment of textiles is effected solely
by reason of the movement of a textile carrier through a liquid,
the carrier not being in the form of a cage or tray, the textile being
draped over, resting on or being secured to or within the carrier.

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Machines of the character in which the textile material
is fed into a bath, conveyed therethrough by a conveyor in the vat,
and discharged from the bath, all in one continuous operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Machines of the type wherein a skein stick or support for
a skein or a frame for mounting several skeins is provided, the
skein being supported for movement within a liquid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Liquid flow machines wherein there is provided a rotatable
skein stick which causes the skein to be linearly moved through
a liquid and wherein a skein stretching means is provided.

This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Liquid flow machines wherein there is a stick mounted on
an endless belt, which stick is adapted to carry a skein through
a liquid, and in which means are provided for stretching the skein.

This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Machines in which there is a liquid containing receptacle,
said receptacle being fixed and especially designed to effect the
treatment of textiles by subjecting them to the liquid within the
receptacle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Machines of the fixed liquid receptacle type provided with
mechanism to cause a web in flat or rope form to be laid in pleats
or the like within a receptacle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Machines and in which the receptacle has a long neck portion
forming a chute for the introduction of textile material into the
receptacle and wherein means are provided for laying the textile
material in pleats or folds as it is fed into the receptacle, the
receptacle usually being of J-shape and the material being removed
at the lower end ofthe J.

This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Machines of the fixed liquid receptacle-type in which the
receptacle has a long neck portion forming a chute for the introduction
of the textile-material into the receptacle, the textile usually
being a web in either flat or rope form and the receptacle usually
being of J-shape, the material being progressively fed into the
receptacle through the chute and removed at the lower end of the
J.

This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Machines of the fixed liquid receptacle type wherein the
textile material is wound back and forth from one of a pair of rollers
to the other, the material intermediate the rolls passing through
the liquid within the receptacle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Machines of the type wherein there is a constant flow of
liquid into the receptacle with a constant efflux of liquid therefrom.

(1)Note. Where the only liquid supply and efflux is due to a
closed circulating system, it is not in this and the indented subclass,
but in subclass 175 or other appropriate indented subclasses, particularly
subclasses 184+ for pump circulating systems, subclass
190 for surgers, and subclasses 191 through 193 for systems where
circulation is induced by heat.

This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Machines of the liquid flow-type in which there is a constant
flow of liquid into a vat, the liquid flowing through a revolving
strainer and thence out of the vat, the textile in the vat thereby
being treated with a constantly fresh supply of liquid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Machines of the liquid flow-type wherein the receptacle
is fixed and the means for effecting a treatment of the textiles
is a pumping of liquid.

(1)Note. The flow of liquid is usually a circulation induced
by a mechanical pump either within the body of liquid but isolated
from the textiles or in a conduit connected at both ends to the
receptacle, the liquid but not the textiles passing through the
conduit, or a pumping induced by application of heat to the liquid,
or a pumping caused by intermittently applied air or steam pressure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Machines of the liquid flow- type wherein, in addition to
the flow of liquid through a mass of textiles in a receptacle, the
liquid flows through a sample batch of textiles.

(1)Note. The sample is usually in a liquid circuit parallel
with the main liquid circuit but may be arranged in series with the
main batch of textiles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Machine of the type wherein the textile is wound into package
form about a longitudinal axis and in which machines the liquid
is pumped axially into or sucked axially out of the wound package.

This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Machines of the liquid flow-type wherein the liquid within
a fixed receptacle has a periodic surging action (i.e., a periodic
to and fro motion) automatically controlled.

(1)Note. The pumping action may be caused by intermittently
applied air or steam pressure.

(2)Note. See subclass 184 or other appropriate indented subclass
where the mechanism periodically delivers the liquid in pulses primarily
in the same direction, the mechanism not functioning to deliver a
corresponding pulse in the opposite direction, and also for machines
with nonautomatic (e.g., manual) means for causing reverse liquid
pulses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Machines wherein the receptacle is fixed and the flow of
liquid or pumping action is induced by heat adapted to be applied
externally and directly to the receptacle or to a conduit leading at
its ends to different levels in the receptacle.

(1)Note. This subclass includes cages which fit within the receptacle
and between which cages and walls of the receptacle there is an
upward flow of liquid.

for machines with tubes to distribute the liquid
within a receptacle where the flow is effected by the introduction
of liquid or steam into a tube, as by an injector, to impart velocity
to the liquid in the tube.

This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Machines of the liquid flow-type provided with an elevatable
textile support to facilitate draining of the textiles prior to
removal thereof from the machine or to facilitate removal of the
textiles from the support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Machines for applying liquid to a textile by means of a
pipe conducting a trickle or sprinkle of liquid thereto at a point
where the textile is not immersed in a liquid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Implements as for squeezing textile fabrics.

(1)Note. Usually the fabrics are placed within a tub filled
with liquid and the implement is given an up-and-down motion to
alternately squeeze the fabrics and release them from pressure,
although a cradling motion may be given to the squeezer.

This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Squeezing implements in which there is an element slidable
within the squeezer operable either to cause water surges or to
give a squeezing action on the fabrics independently of the outer
squeezer.

This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Implements as in which there is a valve element cooperating
with the plunger to effect circulation of fluid in one direction
through the squeezer and through the fabrics in the tub.

Stoves and Furnaces, for a water heater or steam generator of an open or unpressurized
type, or may be a closed or pressurized type if it is part of the
stove or furnace structure having other than significant structure
for fluid treatment of a textile and
subclass 348for a liquid heating-type steam generating and
cooking kettle furnace.

Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), for an in situ erected type structure forming an enclosure,
particularly
subclasses 192+ for such structure acting as a container with a
material port, e.g., a grain bin, subclasses 245+ for an
enclosure having a curvilinear wall, subclasses 262+ for
an enclosure supported by vertical structures, and subclasses 264+ for
an enclosure resting on a floor.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices which in themselves perform no textile treating
operation but which are used in conjunction with textile treating
machines or implements to facilitate their use.

(1)Note. For similar devices which form a combination with a
textile treating machine, see the appropriate machine subclasses
of this class.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices, commonly called wringers, comprising mechanical
means for pressing or otherwise removing liquid from treated material,
especially as an adjunct to apparatus of this class.

(1)Note. This subclass is the generic place for stripping liquid
from a strand by drawing it past a corner or edge.

Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclass 102for wiping machines for nontextile sheets, bars and
plates; subclasses 236.01+ for miscellaneous hand scrapers;
subclass 256.6 for scraper, wiper or brush attachments for cleaning
a moving strand, the device being attached to a structure of which
the moving strand is a part; and subclasses 260+ for wringer
devices adapted to be attached to a pail to wring out mops.

Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for drying by heat and/or gas or vapor contact,
and especially
subclasses 397+ for processes for removal of liquids from solids mechanically;
subclasses 69+ for apparatus for drying having diverse types
of drying means, including one mechanical means, especially subclass
70 for devices in which the mechanical means is a wringer; and subclasses
618+ for drying mechanism for flexible strands.

Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses not elsewhere provided
for, particularly
subclasses 73+ for presses having means to add liquid or steam
to the material, subclasses 104+ for presses equipped with
drain means for expressed liquid, and subclass 153 for presses in
which an endless conveyor coacts with a roll element, and subclasses
155+ for roller type concurrent conveying compressors.

Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus
for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing
ends to effect movement of the material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Wringers in which one functional unit, as a roll pressure
applying or releasing mechanism, a shiftable drainboard, a roll
driving mechanism, a feedboard, a wringer clamping device, a material
guideboard or the like, is interconnected with another or others
of the functional units to effect a simultaneous adjustment in the units
as one unit is adjusted.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Wringers of the type in which the functional units involved
are a guide, the roll pressure applying or releasing mechanism,
and the means for clamping a wringer to a support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Wringers of the type in which the functional units involved
are the roll pressure applying or release mechanism and the means
for clamping a wringer to a support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Wringers of the type in which the functional units involved
are the means for guiding a fabric toward or from the bite of the
rolls and the means for clamping the wringer to a support.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Wringers of the type in which the interconnected functional
units are the roll driving means and the means for controlling rotation
of the wringer around its supported standard.

This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Means to release the pressure of one roll on another by
bodily shifting one roll away from the other against the action
of means constantly tending to press the rolls together.

This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Wringers provided with a plurality of pedals, handles, knobs,
knurled nuts or like means, wherein pressure between the rolls may
be applied or released, at will, by manual operation and without
the use of any tools.

This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Wringers of the type and in which additional means are provided
to effect a release of pressure between the rolls.

(1)Note. The additional means may be capable of resetting the
pressure on the rolls without manipulation of the pedals, handles,
knobs, knurled nuts, or the like, otherwise usable to apply or release
the pressure on the rolls.

This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Wringers provided with single frame, pedal, handle, knob,
knurled nut or like means, wherein pressure between the rolls at
both ends thereof may be applied or released, at will, by hand or
foot operation of the single means and without the use of any tools.

This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Wringers provided with guard means between a roller and
bearing, or with guard means either in advance of the roll bite
or about the rolls to hinder access of the hands of an operator
to the bite of the rolls, or wringers provided with means to direct
or carry fabrics to or from the bite of the rolls.

Work Holders,
subclasses 95+ for patents to a work holder with means to fasten
to a support.

CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS

This following subclasses are a collection of cross-references
of published disclosures pertaining to various specified aspects
of fluid treating apparatus for textiles which aspects do not necessarily
form appropriate bases for subclasses in the foregoing classification
(i.e., subclasses superior hereto in the schedule). These subclasses
may be of further assistance to the searcher as a starting point
in further related fields of search either inside or outside the
class. Thus, there is here provided a second access for retrieval
of a limited number of types of disclosures.

(1)Note. Disclosures are placed in these subclasses for their
values as references and as leads to appropriate main or appropriate
secondary fields or search without regard to their original classification.

(2)Note. The disclosures cross-referenced into the following
subclasses are examples only of the indicated subject matter and
in no instance do they represent the entire extent of the prior
art.

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