An exploratory phase 2 therapeutic trial in children from 6 to 21, RTS carriers, randomized to be treated either with sodium valproate with the usual pediatric dosage (30 mg/kg/j), or by placebo for one year.

The investigator would like to include children because they could best profit from it due to their neuronal plasticity as CBP and EP300 take effect through neuronal and synaptic plasticity.

The therapeutic effect of sodium valproate in RTS patients will be assessed thanks to a clinical approach (learning and memory neuropsychological evaluation, fine motor skills assessment by pointing), to a biological approach (histone acetylation functional tests), and to imaging (morphological and functional MRI).

The main outcome measure was to evaluate long term memory with two subtests :

point location, subtest of CMS (children memory scale). The score ranges from 0 to 6

image recognition, subtest of RBMT (Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test). The score range from 0 to 10. One point for each image recognized A patient is said to be responder if after one year of treatment , his or her test result increase for one point at least one of the two tests

Secondary Outcome Measures:

Special brain imaging profile and motor skills (posturology and motor coordination in a visio-manual pointing task) [ Time Frame: 1 year ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

For motor skills, the profile was based on 3 tasks : posturology, motor coordination in a visuo-manual pointing task and in mobile interception task..

For brain imaging, a variety of outcome measures will be used for example, brain volume, anisotropy fraction, diffusion coefficient for structural magnetic imaging and the signal intensity for functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Such a multidisciplinary approach has never been presented for this syndrome; it should enable us identifying specific cognitive and motor deficits and their association thanks to imaging markers. Assessing the various aspects of motor skills, i.e. primary (movements, standing at ease position, immobility) and complex motor skills (actions and behaviours, motor aspects of feelings and language expressions) is an integral part of the clinical examination in psychiatrics.

The main interest of a functional capacity analysis is to be used as an index allowing the assessment of the nervous system's global capacities and the study of the connections between cognitive functions and motor skills Main objective: Evaluate long term memory with subtest "point location" - CMS and "image recognition" RBMT A patient is said to be responder if after one year his or her test result increase for one point at least one of the two tests : a increase of one point to "point location" or "image recognition".

Double-blind phase 2 clinical trial, designed as a one-step Fleming design but with a control group. Rubival is a two-parallel group randomized trial:

a placebo group of 20 patients

a group of 40 patients taking sodium valproate (HDAC inhibitor) with an oral dosage of 30 mg/kg/jour

Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:

6 Years to 21 Years

Genders Eligible for Study:

Both

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Children over 6 and under 21

RTS confirmed by a genetic study with a CBP gene or EP300 gene mutation

Sufficient cognitive capacities for neuropsychological evaluation

Free and informed consent of the parents or guardians

Children affiliated to or benefiting of the French social welfare system

Exclusion Criteria:

Contraindication to sodium valproate

Women of reproductive age without effective contraception means

Case history of sodium valproate treatment

Monotherapy treatment for epilepsy with Lamictal with a dosage superior to 5 mg/kg/j

Family history of severe hepatitis including drug

Acute or chronic hepatitis

Pregnancy

Contacts and Locations

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Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01619644