Bible

The Bible, sometimes called the Holy Bible, was a collection of ancient Earth writings usually bound together as a book. Laws pertaining to the Humanrights of the accused were enumerated in the Bible. (TOS: "Court Martial")

The planet Babel is a reference to the ancient city of Babel. The Bible regards this as the site where mankind started speaking many languages and divided into various nations. (TOS: "Journey to Babel")

The original title of TNG Season 3 episode "The Price" was "A Price Far Above Rubies", a reference to Proverbs 31:10 ("Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies.")

Ecclesiastes 8:15

"Then I commended mirth, because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry." – commonly conflated with Isaiah 22:15 (q.v.) as "Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die"; quoted by Julian Bashir and Quark (DS9: "The Reckoning")

Ecclesiastes 9:11

"I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favor to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all." (The title of DS9: "Nor the Battle to the Strong" references this verse)

Isaiah 11:6

"The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid, and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them." (The title of "And the Children Shall Lead" is a paraphrase of this passage)

"Let us eat and drink; for to morrow we shall die." – commonly conflated with Ecclesiastes 8:15 (q.v.) as "Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die"; quoted by Julian Bashir and Quark (DS9: "The Reckoning")

In several places in the Bible, Israel is referred to as the Promised Land. When breaking McCoy out of confinement to reunite Spock's katra with his body, Kirk delivered the message, "The Kobayashi Maru has set sail for the promised land," which McCoy understood to mean that one phase of their mission had been successful. (Star Trek III: The Search for Spock)

In 2364, Data attributed Starfleet's ignorance about a pattern in personnel reshuffling to the subtlety in which it occurred, saying, "Starfleet's left hand did not know what its right hand was doing." (TNG: "Conspiracy")

Showing special attention to some overlooked crew members, Captain Janeway paraphrased this verse, "If even one sheep strayed into the wilderness, the shepherd left the safety of the flock and went after it." (VOY: "Good Shepherd")

Matthew 26:41

In 2373, The Doctor, having been taken over by an evil personality caused by an unstable combination of various historical figures' personalities, told Kes, "The flesh is weak." (VOY: "Darkling")

In 2268, Harry Mudd remarked, "Human beings do not survive on bread alone," slightly paraphrasing the words of Jesus Christ found in this verse and the parallel account at Matthew 4:4. These words were, in turn, a paraphrase of Moses' writing at Deuteronomy 8:3. (TOS: "I, Mudd")

"Let us eat and drink; for to morrow we die." – quotation of Isaiah 22:13 (q.v.), commonly conflated with Ecclesiastes 8:15 (q.v.) as "Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die"; quoted by Julian Bashir and Quark (DS9: "The Reckoning")

"And he said to me, 'These words are trustworthy and true.' And the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent his angel to show his servants what must soon take place." – Preacher (DS9: "Far Beyond the Stars")