Objective: Although smoking increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases، its quitting leads to weight gain due to increased appetite. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of face to face dietary counseling on metabolic syndrome (MetS) indices in cigarette quitter.Materials and Methods: This 9-week parallel randomized clinical trial was conducted by participation of 50 patients with metabolic syndrome who have recently quit smoking. Participants were assigned randomly into two groups. Intervention group (IG) received weekly nutritional education and consultation، while control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Before and after the trial، both groups were evaluated nutritionally using 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire، and metabolic syndrome parameters were measured. Paired T-test and ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis.

Results: After intervention، weight، body mass index (BMI)، triglycerides and systolic blood pressure were significantly different between CG and IG، while indices of low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)، high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and diastolic blood pressure were not significantly different between two groups. Amount of energy، lipid، protein، and carbohydrate intake were significantly lower in IG compare to CG. After adjustment of age، duration of smoking and the initial concentration of biochemical and anthropometric factors، significant differences were found between IG and CG in the changes of LDL-C (P-value 0.001)، BMI (P-value 0.001)، weight (P-value 0.001)، waist circumference (P-value 0.002)، and triglyceride (P-value 0.001).While the difference in changes of HDL-C، FBS، systolic and diastolic blood pressure، were not significant between two groups.

Conclusion: Given the findings of this study، nutritional counseling could improve some indices of MetS in cigarette quitters.

Objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) as a metabolic disorder is becoming a serious threat of health. In recent years، there has been renewed interest in the treatment against different diseases using medicinal plants. The present randomized clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Ziziphus in improving glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and Methods: Women were randomized to treatment with Ziziphus (30 gr/day) or control group (age match). This trial was done during three months. Fasting blood sugar (FBS)، 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hpp) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured before and after the intervention.

Results Ziziphus consumption was associated with significant reductions in serum levels of 2hpp glucose and HbA1c (P<0.05) in women with T2DM. As well as marginally significant effect was observed from Ziziphus of serum levels of FBS (P=0.06) after the intervention.

Conclusion: Consumption of Ziziphus for 3 months has anti-diabetic effects on women with T2DM. These findings suggest Ziziphus as a beneficial supplement for diabetic women.

Objective: Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses of the body. The use of antioxidants can have preventive effects in diabetes. The present study aims to show the effects of Biarum Bovei extracts on lipid profile، lipid peroxidation in streptozocin induced diabetic male rats.

Materials and Methods: Animals were randomly assigned to the control group، diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ 60 mg/kg) and 5 diabetic groups rats which have received hydro-alcoholic extract Biarum Bovei (50، 100، 200، 400، 800 mg/kg) via gavages for two weeks. Blood glucose، serum lipid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue were measured at the end of experiment.Results: The results indicate that blood glucose in diabetic group increased significantly (P<0.0001) in comparison with the control group. Biarum Bovei extract at a dose (100 and 200 mg/kg)، causing a significant decrease in blood glucose levels (P<0.01). The MDA significantly decreased in the hippocampus in the group receiving 100، 200 mg/kg Biarum Bovei extract (P<0.001، P<0.01) respectively.

Conclusion: Hydro-alcoholic extract of Biarum Bovei may have antioxidant properties which reduce blood glucose and complications of diabetes such as lipid peroxidation and lipid profiles. It can be used from this plant to improve diabetes along with medication.

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the leading causes of death، illness، and economic loss in the world. The present study was attempted to evaluate extract of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on lipid profile، lipid peroxidation and activities of amino transferase enzymes in streptozocin induced diabetic adult male rats.

Conclusion: The present investigation suggested that the treatment with Foeniculum vulgare exhibited beneficial effects on lipid profile، lipid peroxidation and aminotranferase enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetes in male rats and could be considered for further evaluation in drug development.

Objective: The high prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Iran and its maternal and fetal consequences as well as the high risk of its long-term effects including obesity is known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) in ages of 18 months and 6 years and maternal glucose concentration.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted on 199 pairs of mother and child in five health-care centers of Yazd. The children born in 2007 and 2008 were selected، followed by a calculation of BMI in the ages of 18 months and 6 years (school age) based on their heights and weights recorded in their family files. The relationship between the resulting BMI and maternal glucose concentration and pregnancy conditions was then determined.

Results A population of 199 mother-child pairs were investigated consisting of 105 male children (52.8%) and 94 female ones (47.2 %). The mean (±SD) glucose challenge test (50 gram -GCT) and pre-pregnancy BMI were 121(25.7) mg/dL and 24.16 (4.85) kg/، respectively. At 18 months، the mean (±SD) child BMI was 15.78 (1.21) kg/، 5.5% of which were overweight/obese and at 6 years، the mean (±SD) child BMI was 14.46 (1.81) kg/، 12.6% of which were overweight/obese. This study revealed a significant association between BMI 18 months and 6 years and pre-pregnancy BMI with maternal GCT (P-value <0.003). Therefore، GCT ≥ 130 mg/dL compared with GCT <129 mg/dL significantly associated with BMI at 18 months and 6 years old and the mother's pre-pregnancy BMI.

Conclusion: According to this study، it can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between GCT and the increase of children BMI. It is necessary to control and treat gestational diabetes mellitus by means of decrease the intergenerational cycle of obesity and diabetes in offspring. Also infants of women with diabetes should be specifically targeted for obesity prevention programs.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic. One of the unknown complications of DM is cognitive disorders. Different types of cognitive impairment caused by DM may affect the quality of life، self-management of diabetes، and glycosylated hemoglobin. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relationship with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)، diabetes self-management، and quality of life among diabetic patients.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 350 patients with type II diabetes (T2DM) admitted to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences clinics for 7 months. All the participants completed the brief psychological، demographic، quality of life، and self- management profile questionnaires. Then، HbA1c levels were examined. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software، version 16.

Results: According to the results، 40.3% of the patients had normal cognition، while 44.9% and 14.9% had mild and moderate cognitive impairment، respectively. Moreover، a significant relationship was found between the cognitive impairment score and HbA1c level، some aspects of quality of life، and self-management profile.

Conclusion: DM was associated with changes in cognition. Besides، cognitive impairment was associated with some domains of quality of life and self-management profile; as the cognitive impairment score increased، quality of life and self-management profile increased، as well. Also، a decreasing trend was observed in HbA1c levels in moderate to normal cognitive impairment states.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the greatest public health threats in modern societies. Although during a few years it was suggested that DM had no significant effect in male reproductive function، this view has been challenged in recent years. From a clinical perspective، the evaluation of semen parameters، as well as spermatozoa deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity، are often studied due to their direct implications in natural and assisted conception. Testicular cells have their own glucose sensing machinery that react to hormonal fluctuations and have several mechanisms to counteract hyper- and hypoglycaemic events. Moreover، the metabolic cooperation between testicular cells is crucial for normal spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells (SCs)، which are the main components of blood–testis barrier، are not only responsible for the physical support of germ cells but also for lactate production that is then metabolized by the developing germ cells. Any alteration in this tied metabolic cooperation may have a dramatic consequence in male fertility potential. Diabetes-related oxidative stress may also be the trigger for many alterations on sexual function (poor semen quality، erectile and testicular dysfunction، impotence، decreased fertility potential and retrograde ejaculations)، which can also include decreased testicular mitochondrial function. In addition، diabetic men have decreased serum testosterone due to impaired Leydig cell function which is accompanied by low LH and FSH; the inability of the pituitary gland to respond appropriately to a decline in testosterone implying central effect of high serum glucose on the interaction between the nervous and endocrine system. Therefore، this review article highlights the impact of diabetes and associated، oxidative stress with reference to hypothalamus pituitary testicular axis.

Tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus are the most important reasons in mortality all over the world. It’s clear that reviewing of relationship between Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is necessary; on the other hand it’s found that FTO gene has the positive relationship with metabolic issues. Therefore، it’s necessary pay attention to the above and dangerous sicknesses، especially in field of genetic sciences. Hence، our purpose is investigation of relationship between polymorphism rs9939609 polymorphism of FTO gene، TB and DM. With regards to the findings، it was concluded that there was considerable relationship between FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism and DM and also it was notable development of TB among diabetic people. It can be stated that there is an indirect relationship between FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism and TB sickness.