Cow clinic addresses bumper crop of weeds in Texas pastures

Weeds pose problems for pastures.
Skeletal soundness and body volume are key criteria in profitable cattle selection.
Estimates put the number of feral hogs in Texas at 2.6 million.

Blair Fannin, Texas AgriLife | Nov 07, 2012

This year’s edition of the South Central Texas Cow Calf Clinic in Brenham featured a lot of optimism and interest in the outlook for beef cattle production in the months ahead — a stark contrast to 2011 when ranchers in Washington County and surrounding areas were devastated by drought conditions.

“When it rains, we all look smart,” said Dr. Jason Cleere, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service beef cattle specialist from College Station, who moderated the event. “There’s quite a bit of difference between last year and this year.”

What’s different is a bumper crop of weeds across parts of Texas, and the trick to fend them off is to get to them early, said Dr. Paul Baumann, AgriLife Extension state weed specialist, College Station.

“From here to Dallas, there are a number of fields you can’t see a sprig of Bermuda because of all of the dove weed,” Baumann said.

When these weeds are at this growth stage, they form an umbrella and not only “are they sucking up water, they are also intercepting sunlight which is critical for Bermuda grass growth.”

Baumann said to keep in mind “for every pound of weeds you control, you gain at least a pound of forage in return. The key is to get the job done early on annual broadleaf weeds. Annual weeds have limited root systems and are easier to control than perennial weeds.”

This is not the best time is to control warm season annual broadleaf weeds, such as doveweed or broomweed. “By the time they have flowered, they have picked your pocket,” he said.

Products such as 2, 4-D and Grazon P+D can provide control. Mechanical shredding is an option, but has to be done early, and expense has to be factored, Baumann said.

“The longer you let weeds compete with forage grass, the longer they are going to detract from forage production,” he said.

For annual weeds, Baumann suggests spraying at 4 to 6 inches in height. “If they get larger, they will require more herbicide and will have detracted more from forage production,” he said.

Mechanical shredding will only get a top kill on perennial weeds, Baumann said.

Herbicides are much more effective on perennial weeds such as silverleaf nightshade or Carolina horsenettle.

Cattle selection

As a side note, Pierce noted that an often overlooked “real world” criteria is width of muzzle or “wide-mouthed cattle.” He prefers wide-mouthed cows that are capable of consuming large amounts of forage.

“A cow is nothing more than Mother Nature’s hay baler,” he said. “The kids at Blinn always laugh at me when I say I like a cow with a wide mouth. She’s like a machine and width of muzzle always (allows) her to harvest and process more forage in a day – like a hay baler.”

Pierce said a cow must have the correct type of muscle or “beef” surrounding this sound skeleton.

“Muscle is what we sell in the beef industry,” said Pierce, but this muscle has to be designed to facilitate fluid movement of the cow, not inhibit it.

“A good cow with skeletal soundness and proper body depth is capable of consuming large volumes of forage (if available) daily and produce beef,” he said.

In a live cattle demonstration, Pierce discussed in great detail what ranchers should be looking for when purchasing replacement cattle. Some points to keep in mind include evaluating how a cow stands, whether or not they are post-legged or buck-kneed, and the length of neck.

“Shoulder angularity and its effect on neck length is a good indicator of skeletal soundness,” he said.

Feral hogs

He said female feral hogs are prolific breeders, cycling every 18 to 24 days if not already bred. “They are just built to get little pigs out there in the wild,” he said.

Males average 180 pounds in weight, while females average 150 pounds. Feral hogs generally run in groups called “sounders” with the female adult hogs. Estimates put the number of feral hogs in Texas at 2.6 million.

“Imagine how much more beef cattle or Bobwhite quail we could haveif we didn’t have this many feral hogs in our state?” Cathey said. “We’ve got too many of them, and we need to (get) rid of them.”