Health Library

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are medications. They are most often prescribed to treat high blood pressure, but can be used to treat other conditions. This sheet tells you how ARBs work and how to use them effectively.

How ARBs Work

ARBS help reduce blood pressure by blocking a hormone (angiotensin II) produced in the kidneys. Angiotensin II raises blood pressure by constricting arteries and causing the release of another hormone that retains salt, leading to further blood pressure increase. So, when an ARB blocks angiotensin II, it results in lower blood pressure.

What Conditions ARBs Treat

Blood pressure. Because ARBs help reduce blood pressure, they are most often used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) They may be prescribed as an alternative to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors if certain side effects are developed on ACE inhibitors, such as cough.

Heart failure. This is when the heart is no longer able to pump enough blood throughout the body. ARBs prevent a rise in blood pressure and lessen strain on the heart. These things help treat heart failure by making it easier for the heart to pump, and improving blood flow.

Diabetes. This is when the body has trouble using a sugar in the blood for energy. Diabetes can damage the blood vessels. This can lead to kidney failure (when the kidneys stop working properly). High blood pressure can also damage the blood vessels. Because ARBs help to lessen blood pressure, they help decrease the risk of blood vessel damage and kidney failure.

Side Effects of ARBs

Side effects may occur during the first few days of usage, some of which fade as your body gets used to the medication. If these side effects persist or worsen, call your doctor. Some side effects may require immediately stopping the medication as directed by your doctor. Side effects can include:

Cough

Low blood pressure

Dizziness

Drowsiness

Diarrhea

Stuffy nose

Raised potassium levels

Swelling in the deep skin layers (angiodema)

Drug Interactions

Some medications affect how other drugs work when taken together. ARBs have few interactions with other drugs. But talk to your doctor if you take any of the following: