Both regimes recognized Ahmadinejad's reelectionBut the US government shouldn't get too hopeful that it will be replaced as Public Enemy No. 1.

The enmity likely stems partly from Russia and China's early recognition of Mr. Ahmadinejad's government-certified victory in the disputed election. Mr. Mousavi maintains that the vote was fradulent, and his supporters are bitter toward the two regimes for backing Ahmadinejad.

China's treatment of Uighurs also a factorThe sentiment toward China also may be related to the Chinese government's forceful clamping down on violent ethnic riots between Muslim Uighurs and Han Chinese in Xinjiang Province on July 5. China says that 46 Uighurs died in the violence, while Uighur exile groups maintain the number is much higher.

Several accounts of Rafsanjani's speech say the chants against China broke out after the cleric condemned China's crackdown in Xinjiang. The Guardian, liveblogging the speech, reports: "Rafsanjani criticizes China's suppression of Uighur unrest. His comments are greeted with rebellious cries of 'Down with China.' "

Saeed Valadbaygi, liveblogging the sermon at Revolutionary Road, has this account: "Rafsanjani condemns China. People chanted 'Death to China.' He asks that people stop their chants." He quotes Rafsanjani as saying "China has a rational government. It must look at how it can benefit from its relations with the Islamic world. We hope that we will no longer be witness to such atrocities towards Muslims in China or anywhere else in the world."

The Iranian government has been criticized for its tepid response to the Uighur killings. The New York Timesreported that three prominent clerics condemned the government for not denouncing China's treatment of Uighurs, criticism laden with pointed domestic implications as well.

One of the clerics, Ayatollah Youssef Sanei, a reformist, drew a sardonic parallel, suggesting that Iran, which considers itself the defender of Muslims worldwide, could not criticize China’s repressive tactics while it was doing the same thing. He also said Iran’s silence was related to its commercial, military and political links with China.