EOIR is headed by a Director who is responsible for the supervision of the Deputy Director, the Chairman of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), the Chief Immigration Judge, the Chief Administrative Hearing Officer, and all agency personnel in the execution of their duties in accordance with 8 CFR Part 3.

The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) is the highest administrative body for interpreting and applying immigration laws. It is authorized up to 15 Board Members, including the Chairman and Vice Chairman who share responsibility for BIA management. The BIA is located at EOIR headquarters in Falls Church, Virginia. Generally, the BIA does not conduct courtroom proceedings - it decides appeals by conducting a "paper review" of cases. On rare occasions, however, the BIA hears oral arguments of appealed cases, predominately at headquarters.

The Office of the Chief Immigration Judge (OCIJ) provides overall program direction, articulates policies and procedures, and establishes priorities for more than 230 immigration judges located in more than 55 immigration courts throughout the Nation. The Chief Immigration Judge carries out these responsibilities with Deputy and Assistant Chief Immigration Judges, a Chief Clerk’s Office, a Language Services Unit, and other functions that coordinate management and operation of the immigration courts.

The Office of the Chief Administrative Hearing Officer (OCAHO) is headed by a Chief Administrative Hearing Officer who is responsible for the general supervision and management of Administrative Law Judges who preside at hearings which are mandated by provisions of law enacted in the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA (PDF)) and the Immigration Act of 1990 (PDF). These acts, among others, amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (INA).

The Office of the General Counsel (OGC) provides legal advice on a wide variety of matters involving the Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR). The OGC coordinates the development of agency regulations, reviews and comments on proposed legislation, and responds to all Freedom of Information and Privacy Act requests. In addition, OGC is the designated point of contact regarding Standards of Conduct and other ethics guidance for all EOIR employees. OGC also serves as the principal point of contact for U.S. Attorney offices, other DOJ offices, and government agencies on all legal matters.

The Administration Division is responsible for the functions of the Controller (Budget and Financial Management), Human Resources, and Contracts and Procurement. The Administration Division focuses on a team approach to the delivery of services to ensure coordination among Administration Division staffs serving each customer within EOIR.

The Office of Management Programs (OMP) is responsible for several special emphasis and compliance programs, including Security, Legislative and Public Affairs, and Space and Facilities Management. OMP also oversees the planning and development of new activities in response to management proposals from the Director of EOIR, the Department of Justice, the White House, and other government authorities.

The Office of Planning, Analysis, and Technology (OPAT) conducts EOIR's strategic and long-range planning, as well as maintains a focus on the outcome of such planning through monitoring the agency's annual performance plans. OPAT is responsible for the production of statistical reports, program analysis, and reporting on the mission-critical goals and objectives established by EOIR's senior management. In addition, OPAT is responsible for the design, development, operations, and maintenance of the complete range of information technology systems supporting EOIR's day-to-day operations.