What we needed, then, were real examples of spontaneously written text in a tone language that, like Efik, has no written literary tradition of its own.

The concept of logophoricity was introduced in the analysis of African languages like Aghem, Efik, and Tuburi, where there is a separate paradigm of logophoric pronouns which is employed for such a purpose.

But this means that we should expect that dozens of other Black English words had been traced to, say, Bambara, Mende, Twi, Yoruba, Efik, Umbundu, and so on.

adjective

In their seven-year odyssey criss-crossing the Atlantic the Robin Johns repeatedly drew upon their connections established as Efik slave traders, but also sought out new allies to assist them in their quest for freedom.

The Dictionary further suggests that the word might derive from the Efik word mba-kara, denoting ‘master.’

And finally the formal conventions present in Duala, Ijo, Ibibio, and Efik art probably dispersed in the same manner as they do today.