Proud Russia remembers Stalingrad 70 years on

The city of Volgograd was renamed Stalingrad for a day on Saturday as Russia marked the 70th anniversary of a brutal battle in which the Red Army defeated Nazi forces and changed the course of World War II.

President Vladimir Putin called the battle "one of the greatest examples of world heroism" during a stirring address to Volgograd veterans that played up the nationalist themes of his third Kremlin term.

"Stalingrad will forever remain the symbol of the unity and invincibility of our people," said Putin.

"It is a symbol of true patriotism -- a symbol of the great victory of the Soviet soldier-liberator."

Commuter buses emblazoned with pictures of the feared Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin ran across the southern city as patriotic Russians honoured what many view as the Soviet people's greatest achievement.

"I remember the sadness of the war and the victory of the Soviet soldiers," said World War II veteran Alexander Kudlyayev as he joined 10,000 others at a wreath-laying ceremony at Volgograd's Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

The half-year battle in 1943 in the city on the Volga River -- much of it fought in hand-to-hand combat across the ruined streets -- claimed the lives of two million people on both sides and eventually led to the surrender of the German troops.

The battle marked Hitler's first big defeat and led to a Nazi retreat from Soviet territory after a lightning June 1941 invasion that had caught Stalin completely unaware.

The pulverised city was renamed Volgograd in 1961 after Soviet leaders admitted the extent of Stalin's tyranny during his decades in power.

But the old city name has remained synonymous with the battle and Volgograd lawmakers have decided to revive it for the anniversary and five other days of the year.