New inverter technology for ‘utility-scale’ solar projects can reportedly help (big-time) in stabilizing the electric grid 24/7. “A new inverter technology allows inverters to act as phase-shift oscillators, thereby providing the grid with reactive power from solar plants even overnight – and lowering the cost of grid expansion considerably in the process,” Heiko Schwarzburger and Craig Morris of Renewables International write. While I know most of us are more of a fan of decentralized solar power and the societal benefits that offers, this gives another boost to utility-scale solar as a key ingredient in the quick, reliable, and efficient switch to a 100%-renewable energy economy. “With new central inverters, power plants with a capacity of 4 to 8 megawatts can help keep the regional grid stable,” says Bernhard Beck, head of Germany’s Belectric, one of the world’s largest providers of turnkey solar power plants. “For the past year, we have been using inverters that even provide reactive power at night, which provides us with completely new ways of stabilizing the grid.” Here are more of the technical details from Renewables International: The German grid is broken up into four levels. Ultra high-voltage lines have at least 380 kilovolts and high-voltage lines at least 110, whereas medium-voltage lines that regionally distribute power have 20 kilovolts – and local distribution grids (to which retail consumers are connected) have 400 volts and three phases. If too much energy is exported to the grid, the voltage increases along with frequency. Lines then began to overheat, and grid operators provide additional reactive power from central plants. Unfortunately, Germany has less reactive power in the south now that so many nuclear plants have been shut off there. “But utility-scale solar can do the job,” Beck says. “A solar farm with hundreds of megawatts can produce enough reactive power to offset the grid-stabilizing effect of a nuclear plant.” The new inverter function with software from SMA can also be used in inverters for wind turbines. But small inverters for rooftop arrays cannot perform this function because the equipment would be too expensive. Germany has a growing share of solar power, wind power, and power from biomass. But increasingly, reactive power – not real power – is turning out to be the bottleneck when it comes to stabilizing the grid. “If a large solar plant in Bavaria produces reactive power, ultra high-voltage lines to the North Sea might even be able to be utilized better,” Beck surmises. “In our estimation, it would then only cost half as much to expand the grid” because local reactive power and high-temperature cables would mean that the amount of power on the grid could be tripled without having to build a single new pylo source from: http://www.omnik-solar.com

other Asian countries including Malaysia, Taiwan and the Philippines. Wrote in a commentary in the CASM: "These significant decline reflects market recognition of the

uncertainty from the associated costs and risks of China's imports of solar cells. Although the final

decision will only be released in October, importers do not know how to advance and retreat. Malaysia's imports amounted to $ 85,400,000 PV modules of U.S. imports mainly from China, while the double anti preliminary ruling is applicable in

the Chinese production of solar cells and PV modules. Analysts' forecasts, according to datas of the U.S.

department of Commerce, which will be beneficial to the other photovoltaic export countries. In April of

this year, U.S. imports from Malaysia PV increased by 342 percent, the imports amounted to $ 85.4 million;

471% growth in imports from the Philippines PV, imports amounted to $ 42.3 million; a 417% increase of

imports from Taiwan PV imports amounted to $ 43.8 million. U.S. battery manufacturing alliance said U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agency is to strengthen

supervision to prevent tax evasion, the focus of attention is America's largest manufacturers of

photovoltaic solar companies (FirstSolarInc.). China's photovoltaic enterprises is actively responding The analyst also pointed out that the PV module manufacturers in China start procure battery from

Taiwan, the aim is to avoid the dual anti-tariff sanctions. PV modules, such as JA Solar has successfully

established products factory outside China, South Korea and China's new energy has stopped shipping to the

Omnik three-phase inverter has successfully passed Germany VDE62109 and 0126 certification which means the omnik three-phase inverter will enter the green channel of German market.

Germany can be said the most powerful PV market also is the birthplace of solar inverter manufacturers, Germany is the Global technology leader in solar technology and resources. With the government on the photovoltaic support, Germany is well-known in the entire PV industry. omnik new energy 1.5kTL and 2kTL solar PV inverters have ocupied dominance status in German inverter market for the advantages of high efficiency, high reliability, high stability. Providing the world's leading brands of PV inverters is the omnik's belief will never change.

In many countries around the world, VDE certification is even more famous than their own national certifications. It is especially recognized and valued by importers and exporters. Products with VDE certification means that they have reached the international standards. Customers can completely rest assured about the products which have obtained the VDE certification.

For obtaining the VDE certification, in addition to passing the strict performance test, its stability also has to through the comprehensive assessment. It signs that Omnik solar inverter can completely satisfy the supporting demands of the German solar photovoltaic (PV) grid power system and it also provide a qualification assurance for Omnik to penetrate the European market.

A new US Solar Activity Industries Association (SEIA) address has predicted that the US solar [URL=http://www.omnik-solar.fr]PV inverter[/URL]industry will apply hundreds of bags added Americans by 2020.

The report, conducted by the Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy, states that the 5,600 solar [URL=http://www.omnik-solar.fr]PV inverter[/URL]activity companies in the US currently apply about 100,000 Americans.

An absorbing cessation of the address was that the US solar[URL=http://www.omnik-solar.fr]PV inverter[/URL] industry is acceptable to become commercialized, afterward the arrangement of added acceptable activity sources. Commercialization relies on

abutment by federal allurement schemes, something the SEIA says is acute to its approaching development in the US. The address addendum that all cogent US activity sources accept apparent 30 years of

development and uptake followed by a aeon of accelerated advance and boilerplate adoption.

On the Cutting Edge: Next Generation Abstracts in Agent Brand Architecture

As machines get anytime beyond and rotor diameters abound to match, wind agent brand abstracts are evolving, with new designs, abstracts and accomplishment processes. Strength and animation are the goals of abstracts scientists alive in wind.

It's a harder job getting a rotor [URL=http://www.omnik-solar.com]PV inverter[/URL] brand these days. They accept to be best and stiffer to abstract as abundant ability from the wind as possible, but lighter per assemblage length, maintenance-free and damage-resistant. Meeting these [URL=http://www.omnik-solar.com]PV inverter[/URL] goals at the everyman accessible amount agency researching and employing the actual latest abstracts in brand construction.

Stopping longer, slimmer agent blades hitting building if deflected by wind endless is apparently today's better challenge. It requires [URL=http://www.omnik-solar.com]PV inverter[/URL] stiffer composites which accept to be lighter too: brand accumulation scales as the cube of the agent ambit and, as blades get best and heavier, accedence in compression (the blade's addiction to collapse beneath its own weight as it stands vertically) becomes the above fatigue abortion approach instead of flexural fatigue.

Three or added times as able and annealed as glass, carbon fibre is the addition to the frequently acclimated bottle able artificial (GRP). It helps designers body best blades with a thinner batten section, while application the all-important stiffness. A thinner batten aswell avoids the problems associated with adhesive wetting in blubbery lay-up sections of GRP.

According to a abstraction by SGL Rotec, a carbon-based architecture for a 53 metre-long brand should be about 20% lighter than the GRP agnate and will accept looser architecture constraints in areas like flutter. Lighter blades abate basis loadings as able-bodied as those on the blow of the structure, in about-face abbreviation weight and cost. SGL's abstraction envisaged a annual of €100,000 over the lifetime of a 3 MW turbine.

The industry altercation over replacing bottle with carbon fibre has been alive for years. Vestas and NEG Micon, which alloyed in 2004, were the aboriginal to use carbon and today Vestas and Gamesa (which aswell allotment a accepted heritage) forth with SGL Rotec and DeWind are a part of the boyhood of manufacturers which publically accept to application carbon. Added manufacturers, such as REpower and LM, accept flirted with carbon but after discontinued its use.

The 'cost of stiffness' is the capital agency here: carbon's amount (maybe 20 times college than E-glass), bendability and aegis of accumulation accept bedfast its boundless adoption. How able-bodied a manufacturer's own adhesive arrangement and accomplishment action apparel carbon is addition factor.

GRP's development activity is far from over though. LM Wind Power's new 73.5 accent brand for Alstom's Haliade 150-6 MW wind agent uses authentic glass-fibre technology, while Sandia National Labs came up with a 100 accent glass-fibre architecture endure year.

Developing stronger fibres and abacus added bottle are two means to access GRP performance, admitting composites with bottle agreeable abundant added than 55% by aggregate are added affected to fatigue. This is a accepted breadth of analysis at Fraunhofer IWES while bigger E-glass fibres accept afresh appeared that action cogent achievement increases at assorted amount points.

With an burning claim for actual ample agent blades and prices continuing to bead (despite ascent appeal from added sectors like automotive), it looks like carbon fibre is assertive for a breakthrough. Lux Analysis predicts wind activity will yield over from aerospace as the arch user of avant-garde composites and will annual for about 60% of the bazaar by 2020, up from today's 35%.

As the use of carbon rises, how best to mix carbon and bottle to anatomy amalgam composites that optimise amount and achievement is acceptable important. Carbon is about four times as annealed as bottle fibre and deforms beneath beneath tension, but it performs worse in compression.

Scouring the Tropics for Thermal Energy

The world's better beginning antecedent of solar [URL=http://www.omnik-solar.com]PV inverter[/URL]activity doesn't lie on the all-inclusive bank of the Sahara or even aloft the top bracken of the arid Southwest. Instead, it stretches beyond at atomic 23

actor aboveboard afar of earth's close [URL=http://www.omnik-solar.com]PV inverter[/URL]oceans; the apical layers of which accomplish a prime accustomed antecedent of thermal energy.

Regardless of time of day or billow cover, Ocean Thermal Activity Conversion (OTEC) promises to accouter this thermal sea-based ability year round.

An OTEC bulb actually pumps the balmy apparent seawater through a calefaction exchanger affiliated to a bankrupt ambit abounding with several hundred bags of aqueous ammonia. Since ammonia boils at lower

temperatures and at lower pressures than water, already the balmy seawater hits the calefaction exchanger, it causes the ammonia to vaporize and aggrandize in volume. As this ammonia vaporizes, it creates

burden to run a agent accompanying to a generator. In a lot of cases, the consistent electricity would be delivered onshore via an undersea cable.

Once this ammonia breath exits the turbine, it flows through a additional calefaction exchanger that is affiliated to a algid baptize aqueduct accustomed bags of seawater pumped from base of 3000 ft. This

But admitting the actuality that the abstraction for the technology is added than a aeon old; to date, OTEC has alone been auspiciously approved on baby scales of beneath than a division of a megawatt (MW)

and has yet to aftermath utility-scale power.

“Funding actually is the better obstacle for OTEC,” said Gerard Nihous, an ocean artist at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. “While annihilation we accept abstruse in the accomplished suggests that OTEC

has above abstruse hurdles larboard to clear, OTEC cannot be advised accessible for commercialization. A multi-year operational almanac at sea would advice boldness abiding uncertainties and fix the

architecture 'bugs' that are apprenticed to be revealed.”

Such sea operations would activate aboard a anchored amphibian bulb that would brush off a baby allotment of the apparent band to use as the calefaction source. Auxiliary ability sources would get the OTEC

action and the pumps started; again the bulb would accomplish abundant activity to ability itself. But even so, an OTEC plant’s real-time operating ability is accepted to ability alone a few percent.

“The calefaction exchanger cost-efficiency and agent cost-efficiency tradeoff is altered with OTEC than in a accepted beef ability plant,” said Chris Barry, an Annapolis-based argosy artist and the ocean

renewable activity console armchair for the Society of Argosy Architects and Marine Engineers. “We accept to clasp aggregate we can out of the activity we have. Each aspect of an OTEC bulb has to be

abundantly efficient, because you’ve got actual little to plan with.”

Even so, all U.S. territories in the tropics would be prime locations for OTEC, including, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa.

In the continental U.S., Florida is apparent as a abeyant prime OTEC producer. Florida Atlantic University (FAU) in Boca Raton, in accord with Lockheed Martin Corporation, did an ocean thermal ability

appraisal off the state’s southeast coast. As a result, Howard Hanson, arch scientist at the Southeast National Marine Renewable Activity centermost at FAU, now says he initially envisions three 100-MW

plants operating just adopted agriculture 300 MW of ability into south Florida’s electrical grid. But not anybody is assertive that south Florida’s top ocean band would be balmy abundant for year-round

OTEC.

Meanwhile, the Baltimore-based OTEC International, LLC (OTI) is planning on the 2014 achievement of a baby 1-MW land-based bulb to authenticate the technology. To be amid on the Kona bank of the Big island

of Hawaii, its amount will run in the tens of millions. But appropriately far, all of OTI’s efforts are getting adjourned by Baltimore’s Abell Foundation.

Although amid onshore, Barry Cole, OTI controlling carnality admiral and its administrator of technology development in Baltimore, says that the 1-MW affirmation bulb will use an absolute basement of added

than 10,000 anxiety of pipes to tap into the requisite adopted balmy and algid baptize affluence bare for OTEC production.

Lockheed Martin did not acknowledge to requests for animadversion on their own OTEC initiatives, but they accept been actively alive on Hawaii-based OTEC affairs with Makai Ocean Engineering, Inc. of

Honolulu.

Customer end user costs for OTEC ability in Hawaii are accepted to be in the adjacency of 0.25 to 0.35 cents per kWh which is in band with accepted residential ante now.

abundant 100-MW OTEC plants in Hawaii and you could accommodate all of its electricity needs.”

Van Ryzin says Lockheed Martin has conceptual designs for a array of OTEC pilot plants. One of those is a 5- to 10-MW pilot plant, which could see architecture off Oahu by 2015; with a 100-MW bartering bulb

to chase by as aboriginal as 2020. Some amount estimates for a 5 -10 MW bulb run as little as $300 million. However, a 100-MW bulb may hit $1.5 billion.

From a ambit of 10 afar off shore, such a amphibian bulb would attending like one of the ships that commonly accompany ammunition oil to Hawaii’s ports. But its generated electricity would access onshore

via undersea cable.

“The adopted oil industry has done us a abundant favor by putting billions of dollars into development of these amphibian platforms,” said Robert Cohen, an absolute OTEC adviser in Boulder, Colorado.

“They’ve done all the engineering. So we don’t accept to body a adorned platform; we just accept to body an OTEC ability bore that will work.”

Once built, such amphibian OTEC plants would accomplish abundant like adopted oil rigs. However, Cole says the ultimate approaching of OTEC, for the U.S. at least, is the assembly of concentrated aqueous

energy; such as ammonia and hydrogen application electricity generated far from acreage in the ocean’s close belt. These abounding actinic activity carriers could again be readily alien aback to the acreage

U.S. via tanker.

Hydrogen can be readily fabricated by the electrolysis of seawater into hydrogen and oxygen. Ammonia (NH3), in turn, can be bogus by accumulation atmospheric nitrogen with hydrogen from seawater.

“Ammonia is an simple high-energy actinic to accomplish and can be acclimated as a primary ammunition potentially even in ammonia-burning amalgam vehicles,” said Barry.

OTI is currently negotiating with Caribbean Utilities Company, LLC. of the Cayman Islands about architecture of OTI’s aboriginal bartering 25 MW OTEC bulb at a still bearding location.

But Cole says the bulb is accepted to see architecture by 2018 at a amount of several hundred actor dollars. OTI is aswell in negotiations with the Hawaiian Electric Company for a follow-on 100-MW OTEC bulb

to be amid off Oahu which is hoped to aswell be completed by 2018.

For all its potential, however, OTEC still charcoal abundantly disregarded by the beyond renewable activity community.

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