Keywords: liquidity trap, interest rate, financial mediation, monetary policy, inflation expectations, nominal interest rate, real interest rate, economic growth.In the economic literature there is a phenomenon called "Liquidity Trap", which leads to the fact that low interest rates not only cease stimulating economic activity« but even vice versa– they are a serious obstacle for the economic development .At the end of the 20th century, along with the development of the financial systems in the capitalist countries, there were also manifestations of liquidity, from which the example of Japan is worth mentioning. In the economic literature it’s mostly known as “Lost decade”. The analyzes and studies of foreign authors concerning this phenomenon are also presented in the article.