1945 – World War II: Soviet forces liberate the ghetto of Lódz. Out of 230,000 inhabitants in 1940, less than 900 had survived Nazi occupation.

1946 – General Douglas MacArthur establishes the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo to try Japanese war criminals.

1949 – Cuba recognizes Israel.

1952 – PGA approves allowing black participants.

1953 – Jesse Owens named Illinois Athletic Commission secretary.

1953 – 68% of all television sets in the United States are tuned in to I Love Lucy to watch Lucy give birth.

1955 – “The Millionaire” TV program premiers on CBS.

1955 – First Presidential news conference filmed for TV (Eisenhower).

1961 – First episode for “The Dick Van Dyke Show” is filmed.

1966 – Indira Gandhi is elected Prime Minister of India.

1969 – Student Jan Palach dies after setting himself on fire 3 days earlier in Prague’s Wenceslas Square to protest the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union in 1968. His funeral turned into another major protest.

1971 – The revival of No, No, Nanette premieres at the 46th Street Theatre, in New York City.

1562 – Pope Pius IV reopens the Council of Trent for its third and final session.

1670 – Henry Morgan captures Panama.

1701 – Frederick I becomes King of Prussia.

1777 – Representatives of the New Hampshire Grants declare the independence of the Vermont Republic from Britain.

1777 – San Jose, CA founded.

1778 – James Cook is the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands, which he names the “Sandwich Islands.”

1788 – The first elements of the First Fleet carrying 736 convicts from England to Australia arrives at Botany Bay.

1861 – American Civil War – Georgia joins South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama in seceding from the United States.

1871 – Wilhelm I of Germany is proclaimed the first German Emperor in the ‘Hall of Mirrors’ of the Palace of Versailles towards the end of the Franco-Prussian War. The empire was known as The Second Reich to the Germans.

1884 – Dr. William Price attempts to cremate the body of his infant son, Jesus Christ Price, setting a legal precedent for cremation in the United Kingdom.

1886 – Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England.

1896 – The X-ray machine is exhibited for the first time.

1903 – President Theodore Roosevelt sends a radio message to King Edward VII: the first transatlantic radio transmission originating in the United States.

1911 – Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco harbor, marking the first time an aircraft landed on a ship.

1912 – British explorer Robert Falcon Scott arrives at the South Pole only to find that Roald Amundsen, the Norwegian explorer, had preceded them by just over a month.

1913 – A Greek flotilla defeats the Ottoman Navy in the Naval Battle of Lemnos during the First Balkan War, securing the islands of the Northern Aegean Sea for Greece.

1915 – Japan issues the “Twenty-One Demands” to the Republic of China in a bid to increase its power in East Asia.

1916 – A 611 gram chondrite type meteorite stikes a house near the village of Baxter in Stone County, Missouri.

1919 – World War I: The Paris Peace Conference opens in Versailles, France.

1943 – Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: The first uprising of Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto.

1944 – The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City hosts a jazz concert for the first time. The performers were Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, Lionel Hampton, Artie Shaw, Roy Eldridge and Jack Teagarden.

1944 – Soviet forces liberate Leningrad, effectively ending a three year Nazi siege, known as the Siege of Leningrad.

1945 – Liberation of the Budapest ghetto by the Red Army.

1955 – Battle of Yijiangshan occurred.

1958 – Willie O’Ree, the first African Canadian National Hockey League player, makes his NHL debut.

1967 – Albert DeSalvo, the “Boston Strangler,” is convicted of numerous crimes and is sentenced to life in prison.

1986 – An Aerovias aircraft crashes into San Benito Peten jungle in Guatemala (close to the Mayan Ruins of Tikal) resulting in the loss of all 110 passengers, mainly tourists from all over the world, including the Venezuelan politician Aristides Calvani and members of his family.

2003 – A bushfire kills 4 people and destroys more than 500 homes in Canberra, Australia.

2005 – A United Nations World Conference on Disaster Reduction in Kobe, Japan begins.

2007 – The strongest storm in the United Kingdom in 17 years kills 14 people, Germany sees the worst storm since 1999 with 13 deaths. Hurricane Kyrill, causes at least 44 deaths across 20 countries in Western Europe. Other losses include the Container Ship MSC Napoli destroyed by the storm off the coast of Devon, England.

1562 – France recognizes the Huguenots under the Edict of Saint-Germain.

1595 – Henry IV of France declares war on Spain.

1605 – First publication of Don Quixote.

1648 – England’s Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Addresses, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.

1773 – Captain James Cook and his crew become the first Europeans to sail below the Antarctic Circle.

1781 – American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cowpens – Continental troops under Brigadier General Daniel Morgan defeat British forces under Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton at the battle in South Carolina.

1799 – Maltese patriot Dun Mikiel Xerri, along with a number of other patriots were executed.

1852 – The United Kingdom recognizes the independence of the Boer colonies of the Transvaal.

1861 – Flush toilet patented by Thomas Crapper.

1873 – First Battle of the Stronghold in the United States Modoc War.

1885 – A British force defeats a large Dervish army at the Battle of Abu Klea in the Sudan.

1893 – The Citizen’s Committee of Public Safety, led by Lorrin A. Thurston overthrows the government of Queen Liliuokalani of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

1899 – The United States takes possession of Wake Island in the Pacific Ocean.

1961 – President Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers a televised farewell address to the nation three days before leaving office, in which he warns against the accumulation of power by the “military-industrial complex.”

1977 – Convicted murderer Gary Gilmore is executed by a firing squad in Utah, ending a ten-year moratorium on Capital punishment in the United States.

1982 – “Cold Sunday” in the United States would see temperatures fall to their lowest levels in over 100 years in numerous cities.

1984 – Supreme Court rules (5-4) private use of home VCRs to tape TV programs for later viewing does not violate federal copyright laws.

1985 – British Telecom announces the retirement of the United Kingdom’s red telephone boxes.

1987 – BBC Breakfast Time launched at 6:30am on BBC One. BBC Radio Devon and BBC Radio Cornwall launched on the same day.

1989 – Stockton massacre: Patrick Purdy opens fire with an assault rifle at the Cleveland Elementary School playground, killing five children and wounding 29 others and one teacher before taking his own life.

2007 – Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti, former Iraqi intelligence chief and half-brother of Saddam Hussein, and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, former chief judge of the Revolutionary Court, are executed by hanging in Iraq.

1822 – Greek War of Independence: Acrocorinth is captured by Theodoros Kolokotronis and Demetrius Ypsilanti.

1858 – Napoleon III of France escapes an assassination attempt.

1907 – An earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica kills more than 1,000.

1913 – First Balkan War: The Greek army defeats the Turks at Bizani.

1914 – Henry Ford introduces assembly line for cars.

1918 – Finland & USSR adopts New Style (Gregorian) calendar.

1932 – First totalisator (i.e., “tote board,” to record racetrack bets) in US installed, Hialeah.

1938 – Norway claims Queen Maud Land in Antarctica.

1943 – World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill begin the Casablanca Conference to discuss strategy and study the next phase of the war.

1943 – Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes the first President of the United States to travel via airplane while in office. He travelled from Miami, Florida to Morocco to meet with Winston Churchill to discuss World War II.

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I am going to set this message up to go out periodically for each of my blogs, as most of you read them on your Kindles vs. the computer or via email: if you’ve seen it before and know what I’m talking about, or if you’re just plain ‘ole tired of seeing it don’t worry – I’ll be back with a new post soon.

There seems to be a Kindle problem for a lot of folks – that is, what do you need to do if (a) this or any other blog, newspaper, or magazine all of a sudden stops updating each day on the Kindle, and (b) you can see the blog, newspaper, or magazine post in the to be downloaded list of the “Manage Your Kindle” section of the Amazon website and for some unexplained reason it doesn’t show up on your Kindle, or (c) you’ve ordered a book, app or anything else for your Kindle and it never seems to download.

You may need to write this down, or try to memorize it, because if it happens to you I’m willing to bet you won’t remember unless you’ve reset your Kindle a few times!

You will see several options, but “reboot” is not one of those options. Press the “Menu” button again.

You will have several options, but choose and click the “Restart” button.

Here is how you reboot a Kindle Fire:

Press and hold the power button for 20 seconds, then release the power button.

The Fire will turn off.

After the Fire has turned off, press the power button once and release it to restart the Fire.

Once you reboot your Kindle, it could take about 1-2 minutes to reboot. Make sure your wireless is on, and the Kindle will go look in the Amazon store to see what is pending to be downloaded and viola! You should be back in business. If you ever need to restart your Kindle, I hope this helps!

Michael

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