► Design optimization is one of the many areas of Computational Engineering that is directly applicable to almost any engineering endeavor. The design cycle is a…
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▼ Design optimization is one of the many areas of Computational Engineering that is directly applicable to almost any engineering endeavor. The design cycle is a multi-step process, beginning with a ComputerAided Design (CAD) model and ending with an optimized version of that model relative to some objective function. This is accomplished by parameterizing the model, through one of many different algorithms, and finding the ideal value of those parameters with respect to the specified objective. The purpose of this research is to explore the use of a Computational Analysis PRogramming Interface (CAPRI) for utilizing CAD parameters in design optimization along with exploring the steps taken to integrate this technology into a typical deterministic design optimization cycle. CAPRI is an interface developed by Robert Haimes of MIT which allows communication with CAD software during the various stages of computational design.
A framework was developed for implementing CAPRI within the SimCenter's current GEOMETRY libraries with the aim of improving geometry representation and accuracy. The framework also supports functionality to interface with a design optimization cycle
by providing sensitivity derivatives and surface mesh coordinates throughout successive iterations. A sample wing was generated using SolidWorks as the CAD tool and the root and tip sections of a NACA 2412 airfoil. Design optimization was then performed upon
this model with tip rotation and wing length as adjustable parameters.
Advisors/Committee Members: Karman, Steve, Arabshahi, Abdollah, Swafford, Timothy W., College of Engineering and Computer Science.

► An automatic computational procedure has been developed to efficiently and accurately design the shape of complicated electromagnetic objects. These electromagnetic objects can be simulated for…
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▼ An automatic computational procedure has been developed to efficiently and accurately design the shape of complicated electromagnetic objects. These electromagnetic objects can be simulated for operation at high frequencies (~10 GHz), and can be comprised of dissimilar materials. The automated design procedure consists of linking together an original electromagnetic field simulation tool, an original adjoint routine for obtaining sensitivity derivatives, and an original grid-smoothing tool with an existing optimization package. The electromagnetic field simulation software employs a temporally and spatially higher-order accurate Streamline Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin finite-element method that numerically solves Maxwell’s equations in the time domain using implicit time stepping. The software for computing sensitivity derivatives employs a reverse-mode time-accurate discrete adjoint methodology that is formulated to automatically maintain consistency with the electromagnetic field simulation software. Grid smoothing is achieved using a spatially higher-order accurate Galerkin finite-element method that generates a numerical solution to the linear elastic equations. All computational solutions to the linear systems present in each software tool are obtained using the Generalized Minimum Residual algorithm with block diagonal preconditioning. Each software tool is implemented using a parallel processing paradigm and is therefore capable of being executed on a distributed memory supercomputer.
The order of accuracy of the electromagnetic field simulation software has been determined by using comparisons with exact solutions. The field software’s results were compared to the exact
iv
solution of a rectangular resonant cavity. In all cases, the order properties of the field software exceed theoretical expectations when linear, quadratic, and cubic tetrahedral elements are employed to discretize the field.
To demonstrate the consistency of the adjoint-based sensitivity derivates with those obtained directly from the field solver, derivatives have been extracted from the field software using a complex variable technique. The sensitivity derivatives from the reverse-mode time- accurate discrete adjoint method were then compared and demonstrated to agree to at least seven decimal places.
As a demonstration of the assembled technologies, the optimization procedure successfully and efficiently modified the shape of two electromagnetic objects to reduce a specified cost function. A dielectric cube, under the influence of a propagating plane wave, was repositioned within a larger free space volume so that the field variables on the surface of the cube match desired values at a specified time. A similar demonstration case has also been conducted to modify the shape of a dielectric ellipsoid, under the same conditions as the cube.
Advisors/Committee Members: Anderson, W. Kyle, Whitfield, David L., Taylor, Lafayette K., Hyams, Daniel G., Matthews, John V., III, College of Engineering and Computer Science.

Breast cancer is a major killer disease for women and men It can newlinebe treated and controlled only if it is detected at its earlier…
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▼

Breast cancer is a major killer disease for women and men It can
newlinebe treated and controlled only if it is detected at its earlier stage Early
newlinedetection can be achieved by the help of computeraided detection methods
newlineComputer aided detection acts as second reader for radiologist to conclude the
newlinestage and treatment options for breast cancer The computeraided detection
newlineapproach uses mammogram image as input observed from the suspected
newlinehuman breast Many computeraided detection systems have been designed
newlineand tested by the researchers for the effective detection of breast cancer
newlineHowever the detection efficiency is still needs improvement From the
newlinedetailed study on previous researches, it is found there is no system
newlineproducing 100 accuracy because of one or more reasons Absence of
newlineeffective preprocessing and segmentation methods are most discussed reasons
newlinethat obstruct the detection accuracy of computeraided detection method
newlineClusters of microcalcifications, masses and architectural distortions
newlineare some of the important signs of breast cancer that radiologists look from
newlinedigital mammogram image The nature of breast region affects the detection
newlineof these signs from a digital mammogram The wrong detection of breast
newlinecancer signs will increase the risk and reduce the accuracy of the system To
newlineperform perfect detection
newline
newline

► Video projectors have advanced from being tools for only delivering presentations on flat or planar surfaces to tools for delivering media content in such applications…
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▼ Video projectors have advanced from being tools for only delivering presentations on flat or planar surfaces to tools for delivering media content in such applications as augmented reality, simulated sports practice and invisible displays. With the use of non-planar surfaces for projection comes geometric and radiometric distortions. This work dwells on correcting geometric distortions occurring when images or video frames are projected onto static and deformable non-planar display surfaces. The distortion-correction process involves (i) detecting feature points from the camera images and creating a desired shape of the undistorted view through a 2D homography, (ii) transforming the feature points on the camera images to control points on the projected images, (iii) calculating Radial Basis Function (RBF) warping coefficients from the control points, and warping the projected image to obtain an undistorted image of the projection on the projection surface. Several novel aspects of this work have emerged and include (i) developing a theoretical framework that explains the cause of distortion and provides a general warping pattern to be applied to the projection, (ii) carrying out the distortion-correction process without the use of a distortion-measuring calibration image or structured light pattern, (iii) carrying out the distortioncorrection process on a projection display that deforms with time with a single uncalibrated projector and uncalibrated camera, and (iv) performing an optimisation of the distortioncorrection processes to operate in real-time. The geometric distortion correction process designed in this work has been tested for both static projection systems in which the components remain fixed in position, and dynamic projection systems in which the positions of components or shape of the display change with time. The results of these tests show that the geometric distortion-correction technique developed in this work improves the observed image geometry by as much as 31% based on normalised correlation measure. The optimisation of the distortion-correction process resulted in a 98% improvement of its speed of operation thereby demonstrating the applicability of the proposed approach to real projection systems with deformable projection displays.

► A successful craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgery depends not only on surgical techniques, but also on an accurate surgical plan. However, the traditional planning methods have proven…
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▼ A successful craniomaxillofacial (CMF) surgery depends not only on surgical techniques, but also on an accurate surgical plan. However, the traditional planning methods have proven problematic. Towards this end, we have designed a clinical protocol of using 3D Computer-Aided Surgical Simulation (CASS) method as a new planning method. A computerized composite skull model of a patient is generated to accurately represent the skeleton, the dentition and facial soft tissues. In addition, patient?s neutral head posture (NHP) is recorded and the composite skull model is transferred into NHP coordinate system. Furthermore, the virtual osteotomies can be performed to simulate an orthognathic surgery. The surgical splints and templates are generated in the computer, fabricated by a rapid prototyping machine, and used during surgery to precisely position the bony segments.
The ultimate goal of this project was to design, develop and implement a computer CASS software system that allows surgeons to plan an orthognathic surgery following our clinical protocol. The system includes six modules: Segmentation, Registration/NHP, Cephalometric Analysis, Virtual Osteotomy Surgical Simulation and Surgical Splint/Template. Microsoft Visual Studio 2008, VTK and ITK were used to develop our CASS system.
Advisors/Committee Members: Xiong, Zixiang (advisor), Jiang, Anxiao (committee member), Ji, Jim (committee member), Savari, Serap (committee member).

► Contemporary architectural practise has come to depend upon digital representation as a means of design and for the production of architectural drawings. The computer is…
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▼ Contemporary architectural practise has come to depend upon digital representation as a means of design
and for the production of architectural drawings. The computer is common place in architectural offices,
relegating the drawing board as a machine of the past. Today, the architect is more likely to draw with a
mouse than a mechanical pencil. The proposition of this research suggests such a dramatic shift within
representational technology will not only affect how architects design, but also, what they design.
Digital modes of architectural representation are reliant on mathematical code designed to artificially
simulate visual experience. Such software offers strict alliance with a geometrically correct perspective
code making the construction of perspective as simple as taking a ‘snap shot’. The compliance of the
digital drawing to codes prescribed by a programmer distance the architect from the perspectival
representation, consequently removing the architect’s control of the drawing convention. The universality
of perspectival views is enforced by computer programmes such as Google Sketch-Up, which use
perspective as a default view.
This research explores the bias of linear perspective, revealing that which architects have forgotten due to
a dependence on digital software. Special attention is drawn to the lack of control the architect exerts over
their limits of representation. By using manual drawing the perspective convention is able to be unpacked
and critiqued against the limitations of the system first prescribed by Brunelleschi. The manual drawing is
positioned as a powerful mode of representation for it overtly expresses projection and the architect’s
control of the line. The hand drawing allows the convention to be interpreted erroneously. The research is
methodology driven, focusing on representation as more than a rudimentary tool, but a component of the
design process. Thus, representational tools are used to provide a new spatial representation of a site.
Computeraided design entered wide spread architectural practice at the end of the 1980’s, a
decade that provided an ideal setting for speculative drawn projects. Such projects proved fruitful to
architects critically approaching issues of representation and drawing convention, treating the drawing as
more than utilitarian in the production of architecture. Whilst the move into digital imagining is not a
paradigm shift for the act of drawing, it fundamentally shifted the way architects draw, separating drawing
conventions onto visually separate ‘sheets’. The architectural drawing known today was that discovered
in the Renaissance, Renaissance architects, the first to conceive of architecture through representation,
thus was their endeavour to produce a true three dimensional image. The Renaissance architect executed
absolute control of perspective, control, which has since defined the modern architect.
Positioned within research by design, the ‘drawing-out’ process is a critical interpretation of perspective.
In particular the drawing of…
Advisors/Committee Members: Wood, Peter.

Coates, L. (2011). Drawing in Perspective: A Proposition for a Discursive Architecture in the Age of Digital Representation. (Masters Thesis). Victoria University of Wellington. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1605

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

Coates, Laura. “Drawing in Perspective: A Proposition for a Discursive Architecture in the Age of Digital Representation.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington. Accessed March 21, 2019.
http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1605.

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

Coates, Laura. “Drawing in Perspective: A Proposition for a Discursive Architecture in the Age of Digital Representation.” 2011. Web. 21 Mar 2019.

Vancouver:

Coates L. Drawing in Perspective: A Proposition for a Discursive Architecture in the Age of Digital Representation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2011. [cited 2019 Mar 21].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1605.

Council of Science Editors:

Coates L. Drawing in Perspective: A Proposition for a Discursive Architecture in the Age of Digital Representation. [Masters Thesis]. Victoria University of Wellington; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1605

Anna University

7.
Malar E.
Certain investigations on application Of multiresolution
analysis and Advanced neural networks on Mammograms for early
detection of Breast cancer;.

Degree: Certain investigations on application Of
multiresolution analysis and Advanced neural networks on Mammograms
for early detection of Breast cancer, 2015, Anna University

Breast cancer which continues to be a significant public health problem newlinearound the world is the most prevalent cancer among women Breast cancer is most…
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▼

Breast cancer which continues to be a significant
public health problem newlinearound the world is the most prevalent
cancer among women Breast cancer is most newlineeffectively treated
when detected at an early stage and the survival probability of
newlinethe patient is dependent on the stage at which it is
diagnosed Digital X ray newlinemammographic method is a specialized
radiographic imaging technique for newlinediagnosis of breast
diseases It identifies the morphological differences that indicate
newlinethe presence of breast cancer such as masses
microcalcifications, and architectural newlinedistortions Detection
of breast cancer at an early stage requires mammographic
newlineimages which have high sensitivity and specificity with a
relatively low radiation newlinedose This imposes challenging
requirements for interactive and intelligent medical newlineimage
analysis Computerized medical image analysis method can provide
effective newlinetools to help differential diagnosis intervention
and treatment monitoring newlineIn the literature various ComputerAided Diagnostic CAD systems newlineare described to detect the
presence of breast cancer and to classify them as newlinebenign or
malignant A detailed review of existing methods is presented in
order to newlineprovide an insight about the state of the art The
objective of this research is to newlinedesign advanced image
processing techniques and algorithms that can aid breast
newlinecancer detection at an early stage newlineMammography
remains the most effective diagnostic technique for newlineearly
breast cancer detection however not all types of breast cancer can
be newlinedetected by mammograms newline newline

► Machine Translation has been chosen as the subject of this thesis because of the increasing importance and demand for it. Due to more advanced techniques,…
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▼ Machine Translation has been chosen as the subject of this thesis because of the increasing
importance and demand for it. Due to more advanced techniques, the availability of
computers and even the internet, many people can enjoy the advantages of (online) translation
programs. Since the boundaries between countries have opened and we are living in a society
where the knowledge of at least one foreign language is indispensable, the need for machine
translation has become greater. The use of different languages (mainly English) is important
not just in the business world or among diplomats but for common people as well. Getting a
good job without the mastery of one or two languages (in most cases English is required) is
now almost impossible. In order to understand computer programs, operating instructions or
just simple articles on the web we need to have a good command of English or another
language in addition to Hungarian. For those who lack foreign language skills, translation
programs namely the so called machine translation can help.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tóth, Ágoston (advisor).

▼ Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) modeling using high-throughput screening (HTS) data enables the development of predictive models for in silico screening. A cheminformatics framework termed BCL::ChemInfo was developed to establish QSAR modeling for application in drug discovery. Its prediction performance was evaluated through an extensive benchmark study assessing curated datasets from PubChem. BCL::ChemInfo was applied to identify novel pathway specific inhibitors for β-hematin crystallization in Plasmodium falciparum associated with Malaria. The resulting models achieved an experimental enrichment of 44 fold compared to the initial HTS hit rate of 0.37% for compounds based on a concentration threshold of 70ÂµM. Sampled from these identified hit compounds, 15 out of 17 molecules were confirmed to perturb the hemozoin formation pathway in P. falciparum. Another research study involved the identification of novel specific allosteric modulators for mGlu5 acting on a distinct site related to CPPHA binding. From a compound library of over four million commercially available compounds five compounds where identified through in silico screening and experimentally validated to bind exclusively to this novel site. BCL::ChemInfo was also adapted to predict small molecule properties such as the waterâoctanol partition coefficient (LogP). The resulting prediction accuracy surpassed the current gold standard method XLogP.
Advisors/Committee Members: Clare M. McCabe (committee member), Jens Meiler (chair), Brian O. Bachmann (committee member), David W. Wright (committee member).

Because of the high costs of available wheelchair drive systems, an investigation into an alternative drive system was undertaken. Three phase…
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▼

M.Ing. (Electrical And Electronic)

Because of the high costs of available wheelchair drive systems, an investigation into an alternative drive system was undertaken. Three phase cage rotor induction machines were selected as the most suitable replacement for the current DC machines, having less maintenance requirements and costing less to manufacture. The 24V DCsupplied by the on board battery is converted to three phase alternating current with variable amplitude and frequency by means of a MOSFET inverter. A simple control algorithm, a differential algorithm and a PWM algorithm are pro.grammed into a INTEL 8097 micro regulator. The control algorithm ramps up the stator frequencies of the machines in a fixed time interval to a value determined by the operator. This results in a constant relation between the two frequencies, complying to the differential requirement. During an overcurrent situation, the control ramps the machine frequencies to a value which will tend to reduce the stator currents while still complying to the differential requirement. The airgap flux of the machines is kept constant by keeping the relation of the stator frequency to the stator voltage constant, except in the low speed area, where the stator voltage is altered to compensate for the voltage drop over the stator resistance. Because of the operator closing some sort of a speed feedback loop, no attempt was made to reduce the speed error of the drive caused by the slip-nature of induction machines. In order to test the drive under different operating conditions, a test setup was developed, employing DC machines connected mechanically to the traction machines.

This thesis treats aspects of the modelling techniques required for ComputerAided Design (CAD) of electromagnetically integrated structures for use…
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▼

D.Ing. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

This thesis treats aspects of the modelling techniques required for ComputerAided Design (CAD) of electromagnetically integrated structures for use in power electronic networks. The concept of structural impedance is introduced and developed, building on transmission line theory. Computer based methods for calculating the distributed parameters of a given structure are investigated. These methods are the Finite Element Method and the Incremental Method. Based on the structural impedance lumped element equivalent circuit models for interconnections are developed for modelling of the distributed energy storage effects associated with a physical circuit as part of a lumped element network that can be submitted to circuit simulation programs like SPICE. The models are used in SPICE circuit simulations of power circuits and the simulated results are verified experimentally. Circuit level simulation models for switches are investigated in order to determine the complexity and detail of models suitable for CAD of complete converter topologies. A classification scheme for circuit models of switches is developed as an aid in selection of suitable models for particular simulation purposes. A DC circuit model for power BJT's is developed as a theoretical exercise to determine the requirements, with regard to development time and computational resources, for application of a particular switch model. It is based on new ideas in an attempt to model the effects of power BJT operation of interest to power electronic circuit designers while decreasing the calculation requirements in comparison with sophisticated device physics based models normally used or over simplified models. Finally suggestions are made with regard to a new way of approaching the optimization of power conditioning circuits by using power flow as the basis. This includes the novel use of specially manufactured high permittivity dielectric materials to adjust the characteristic impedance of connections to obtain optimal operation under particular operating conditions.

Passenger car manufacturers often outsource the design and newlinedevelopment of functionally critical components Headlamp is one of such newlineunits posing challenges to the designer owing…
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Passenger car manufacturers often outsource the
design and newlinedevelopment of functionally critical components
Headlamp is one of such newlineunits posing challenges to the
designer owing to the functional requirements newlineon visibility
and styling preferences of customers A supplier may not have
newlinepowerful product data management PDM product lifecycle
management newline PLM systems as in the case of OEMs Instead the
use of domain specific newlinecomputer aided design CAD computeraided manufacturing CAM newlinesoftware is expected with the
suppliers The suppliers of headlamps are to be newlinesupported
with adequate information on changes in style of the vehicle in
newlinesuch a way that supplier can participate in the product
development process newlineThis work is motivated by such a
background and tries to provide a newlinesolution that can be used
as a basic framework for the development of newlineheadlamps A
systematic design methodology incorporating high level
newlineaesthetics and regulatory requirements was proposed in the
first part of this newlinework The methodology enables the designer
to address customer newlinerequirements using coherent computeraided design CAD platforms newlineDevelopment of the critical
components in headlamp assembly namely lens newlineand reflector
are focussed The present trend of passenger car styling is the
newlineuse of headlamp with totally integrated exteriors with the
car body The newlinedesign methodology provides automatic
generation of exterior surface newlinematching with the profiles of
car body The design module for reflector helps newlinegenerate
tailored reflector in compliance with the standard illumination of
newlineroads The second part of this work is development of product
model newlinesupporting co designers and users of the downstream
phases of product newlinedevelopment The multiple views developed
in this work are in parameter newlineperspectives Product
development groups involved create knowledge on newlineselected
attributes of the product from several functional perspectives This
newlineprocess is highly iterative and the information models used
for product newlinedevelopment have to provide consistent and
manageable solutions That is newlinethe knowledge available from
upstream function is transferred to the downstream newlineteams for
further processing This leads to the concept of view as
newlinepractised in industry and hence the relevance of multiple
view information newlinemodels newline newline

naduthodi, H. (2014). A product data management Framework for the design and
Development of headlamps for Passenger cars;. (Thesis). Anna University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/31738

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

naduthodi H. A product data management Framework for the design and
Development of headlamps for Passenger cars;. [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/31738

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

▼ Inflammatory muscle disease (myositis) is characterised by inflammation and a gradual increase in muscle weakness. Diagnosis typically requires a range of clinical tests, including magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh muscles to assess the disease severity. In the past, this has been measured by manually counting the number of muscles affected. In this work, a computer-aided analysis of inflammatory muscle disease is presented to help doctors diagnose and monitor the disease. Methods to quantify the level of oedema and fat infiltration from magnetic resonance scans are proposed and the disease quantities determined are shown to have positive correlation against expert medical opinion. The methods have been designed and tested on a database of clinically acquired T1 and STIR sequences, and are proven to be robust despite suboptimal image quality. General background information is first introduced, giving an overview of the medical, technical, and theoretical topics necessary to understand the problem domain. Next, a detailed introduction to the physics of magnetic resonance imaging is given. A review of important literature from similar and related domains is presented, with valuable insights that are utilised at a later stage. Scans are carefully pre-processed to bring all slices in to a common frame of reference and the methods to quantify the level of oedema and fat infiltration are defined and shown to have good positive correlation with expert medical opinion. A number of validation tests are performed with re-scanned subjects to indicate the level of repeatability. The disease quantities, together with statistical features from the T1-STIR joint histogram, are used for automatic classification of the disease severity. Automatic classification is shown to be successful on out of sample data for both the oedema and fat infiltration problems.

► For the first two decades of their history, computers were text only. With the exception of a few experimental military systems, they did not feature…
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▼ For the first two decades of their history, computers were text only. With the exception of a few experimental military systems, they did not feature any interactive graphics displays. Then, in the 1960's, while designing the first interactive graphical computer-aided design system, a young American electrical engineer named Ivan Edward Sutherland created the framework for modern computer graphics. The system was called Sketchpad, and it was created in a facility dedicated to developing and expanding the United States' defense system after the end of World War Two. Initially, however, Sketchpad was not designed for military purposes. It was the product of a culture of experimentation with the 'new' technology of the computer, and proceeded from an attempt to not only utilize the computer, but also to communicate with it. Sutherland never claimed to have a vision for the future of computer science, or for the influence that Sketchpad may subsequently have had within the development of computer graphics. While he proposed varied applications for the use of Sketchpad, Sutherland never considered the program in relation to the wider context of architectural studies. Unlike traditional architectural drawing tools that realize architectural imagination through line drawing, computer-aided architectural design programs began to use line drawing to also establish communication with the computer. Sketchpad and the computer-aided architectural design programs that evolved from it helped to facilitate the growing symbiotic relationship between the architect and the computer. Through the new field of computer drawing, the drafter began to be able to 'converse' with the computer, and crucially, through the Sketchpad window, it began to seem as if the drafter was speaking face-to-face with another person. Sketchpad's window employed the same cathode-ray tube monitor developed for the television in the 1940's, and was used to illustrate a winking girl that Sutherland identified in his dissertation as 'Nefertiti'. Sutherland's 'Nefertiti winked at him from the other side of the computer window, and seemingly came alive under his touch. Through Sketchpad's window, 'Nefertiti' effectively suggested that this new machine – the computer – was an active partner in the design process.
Advisors/Committee Members: Emmons, Paul F. (committeechair), Holt, Jaan (committee member), Feuerstein, Marcia (committee member), Bryon, Hilary (committee member).

► The histopathological examination of a biopsy is considered as the gold standard in the diagnosis of diseases for almost all kinds of cancer. Traditionally, the…
(more)

▼ The histopathological examination of a biopsy is
considered as the gold standard in the diagnosis of diseases for
almost all kinds of cancer. Traditionally, the histopathological
slides are examined under a microscope by pathologists. Nowadays,
with the help of high speed, high resolution image scanning
technique, a glass slide can be digitized at high magnification to
create a digital whole slide image (WSI). Manual examination of the
glass slides and the WSIs are time-consuming and difficult. Also,
the traditional diagnosis is subjective and often leads to
intra-observer and inter-observer variability. In this
dissertation, I develop several key techniques of the
computer-aided diagnosis~(CAD) system for digital histopathological
image analysis of skin specimen of melanocytic disease. This CAD
system operates on reliable quantitative measures and provides
objective and reproducible information that can be used by
pathologist for diagnosis. The proposed CAD system has six modules.
In the first module, the whole slide skin image is automated
segmented into biologically meaningful parts: epidermis and dermis.
The high resolution image tiles of interest are then generated for
further analysis. In the second module, the nuclei in the epidermis
area are segmented using the proposed hybrid gray-scale
morphological reconstructions and local region adaptive threshold
selection methods. In the third module, two efficient techniques
based on local double ellipses descriptor analysis and radial line
scanning analysis are proposed to detect the melanocytes. In the
fourth module, an efficient technique is proposed to detect the
mitotic cells in the multi-spectral histopathological images. Based
on the pre-segmented regions of interest(ROI), the morphological
features and the spatial relationship are analyzed in the fifth
module. These features reveal the cytological and architectural
characteristics of the tissue sample that are correlated to the
disease diagnosis. In the last module, classification is performed
using the pre-extracted features in order to grade the skin tissue.
The experimental results based on a set of skin WSIs show that the
proposed CAD system is able to provide objective and reproducible
measures that can assist to the final diagnosis by
pathologist.

▼ This thesis explores the use of cell theory calculations to characterise hydration thermodynamics in small molecules (cations, ions, hydrophobic molecules), proteins and protein-ligand complexes. Cell theory uses the average energies, forces and torques of a water molecule measured in its molecular frame of reference to parameterise a harmonic potential. From this harmonic potential analytical expressions for entropies and enthalpies are derived. In order to spatially resolve these thermodynamic quantities grid points are used to store the forces, torques, and energies of nearby waters which giving rise to the new grid cell theory (GCT) model. GCT allows one to monitor hydration thermodynamics at heterogeneous environments such as that of a protein surface. Through an understanding of the hydration thermodynamics around the protein and particularly around binding sites, robust protein-ligand scoring functions are created to estimate and rank protein-ligand binding affinities. GCT was then able to retrospectively rationalise the structure activity relationships made during lead optimisation of various ligand-protein systems including Hsp90, FXa, scytalone dehydratase among others. As well as this it was also used to analyse water behaviour in various protein environments with a dataset of 17 proteins. The grid cell theory implementation provides a theoretical framework which can aid the iterative design of ligands during the drug discovery and lead optimisation processes, and can provide insight into the effect of protein environment to hydration thermodynamics in general.

During the past several years the design field has been witnessing newlinetremendous developments Both software and hardware features of computers newlineand Information Technology IT are…
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▼

During the past several years the design field has
been witnessing newlinetremendous developments Both software and
hardware features of computers newlineand Information Technology IT
are exploited in product design field newlineParticularly several
ComputerAided Design CAD models have been newlineunder use by the
product designers However there is very little evidence that
newlinethe practitioners have adopted these CAD models for
enhancing agility in newlineorganizational arena This situation
reveals the need of a model to facilitate newlinethe use of CAD
features for imparting agility in organizations Agility refers
newlineto the capability of an organization to produce any type of
product process newlineand service demanded by the customer in any
volume in a shorter span of newlinetime without compromising on
quality and cost In order to fulfil this need newlineduring the
conduct of research being reported in this thesis a model called
newlineTotal Agile Design System TADS has been developed for
designing newlineproducts quickly and thereby enabling the
traditional companies to imbibe newlineagility After designing TADS
model to overcome the problem mentioned newlineabove its six phases
were subjected to implementation studies in an newlineelectronics
switches manufacturing company by name Salzer Electronics
newlineLimited hereafter referred to as Salzer newline
newline

S, V. (2014). Investigations on the development of Total agile design
system in a Traditional manufacturing Environment;. (Thesis). Anna University. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/27717

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):

S, Vinodh. “Investigations on the development of Total agile design
system in a Traditional manufacturing Environment;.” 2014. Thesis, Anna University. Accessed March 21, 2019.
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/27717.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7th Edition):

S, Vinodh. “Investigations on the development of Total agile design
system in a Traditional manufacturing Environment;.” 2014. Web. 21 Mar 2019.

Vancouver:

S V. Investigations on the development of Total agile design
system in a Traditional manufacturing Environment;. [Internet] [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. [cited 2019 Mar 21].
Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/27717.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

S V. Investigations on the development of Total agile design
system in a Traditional manufacturing Environment;. [Thesis]. Anna University; 2014. Available from: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/27717

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

ComputerAided Diagnosis CAD is one of the major research areas in the field of medical imaging and radiology CAD systems are used by radiologists…
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ComputerAided Diagnosis CAD is one of the major
research areas in the field of medical imaging and radiology CAD
systems are used by radiologists for detection and differential
diagnosis of different types of abnormalities The output of a CAD
system can be used by radiologists along with laboratory results to
get a second opinion before making a diagnosis CAD systems are
developed based on an understanding of the radiological patterns
which have to be observed in the image for a particular disease
newlineIn this research work three approaches have been proposed
for improving the diagnosis of lung disorders from chest computed
tomography CT slices The first approach is for the classification
of Interstitial Lung Diseases ILDs such as emphysema fibrosis
ground glass opacities GGOs and miliary tuberculosis TB using a
particle swarm optimized support vector machine SVM The second
approach is a novel feature extraction scheme for the
classification of cavitary and miliary TB The third approach is a
scheme to extract and classify the pleural effusion and
pneumothorax regions in lung CT slices newline
newline

► The objective of the study reported in this thesis has been to develop a unified algorithm for the computer-aided design of a wide range of…
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▼ The objective of the study reported in this thesis has been to develop a unified algorithm
for the computer-aided design of a wide range of electrical network configurations.
While the design has been based on well-known techniques established earlier by other
researchers, the present work has made significant contributions in simplifying the uses
of nodal equation formulation method, graph theoretic concepts and topological
formulas, as well as applications of a modified least p-th Taylor method, component
damping techniques, sensitivity analyses and related design concepts. The basic
computer-aided design approach for a selected network was realized by first generating
a voltage gain transfer function from the network connectivity details. Information
concerning the gradient vector necessary in the course of an optimization process was
then derived through a direct method of sensitivity analysis, without performing the
normally needed first order partial differentiations. Comparison of a transfer function
against desired response was preceded by sampling of the latter at selected frequency
points and the whole adjustment was eventually automated via the least p-th Taylor
method of optimization. It has been established that this approach avoided the time
consuming calculation of a Hessian matrix that is usually required for performing
network optimization. Convergence properties of the least p-th Taylor method were
improved through a use of Fletcher's modification of the classical Levenberg-Marquardt
method together with component damping techniques. The concept of dynamic memory
allocation has also been exploited. The resulting computer-aided network design
technique was therefore efficient in terms of both processing time and memory
requirements and the entire package has been termed as a Pascal program for optimal
network design or P-POND. The algorithm has been fully tested in its use for designing
both passive and active network types by specifying initial network parameters and
input-output relations
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Wolde-Ghiorghis W (advisor).

► Pulmonary nodules are visible as dense, opaque areas in the lung on computed tomography (CT) images and may be early indications of lung cancer. Pulmonary…
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▼ Pulmonary nodules are visible as dense, opaque areas in the lung on computed tomography (CT) images and may be early indications of lung cancer. Pulmonary nodule growth rate is highly correlated with malignancy and therefore its evaluation is useful in clinical decision making. Automated methods have been developed for nodule growth rate measurements, but these methods exhibit large measurement error; reducing this error will enable radiologists to make better decisions regarding follow up and treatment, in turn improving patient outcomes. Four major aspects of pulmonary nodule measurement are addressed in this thesis. A formal procedure for the comparative evaluation of different computer algorithms for pulmonary nodule change measurement has been developed that involves a standardized set of 50 CT image pairs and an analysis method. This procedure for the first time addresses the need to be able to quantitatively compare the performance of different methods. A study has been conducted in which developers of 18 computer methods participated and the results form a baseline with which to compare current and future algorithms. Two different computer algorithm approaches were developed to reduce the uncertainty in growth rate measurements. The first approach, moment-based compensation (ZCOMP) was performed on segmented nodule images to address additional observed increased error in the z-direction compared to the xyplane. By applying ZCOMP, volumetric measurement variability was reduced from a 95% limits of agreement of (-24.0%, 18.2%) to (-12.4%, 12.7%) on zerochange nodules imaged on thin-slice scans of the same resolution. The second approach was developed to address difficult-to-segment nodules with complex shapes and attachments. Instead of explicitly segmenting the nodule from the lung parenchyma, the growth index from density method (GID ) uses the density change in a region of interest as a surrogate growth measure. The GID method had much lower variation, (-11.0%, 12.3%) compared to a volumetric segmentation method, (-25.2%, 18.6%). Finally, an automated method was developed for measuring murine pulmonary nodule growth from micro-CT scans, adapting work from methods developed for human patients. This provides improved accuracy for lesion growth measurements used in small animal pre-clinical studies. The method addresses the additional noise, lack of contrast, and poor calibration of micro-CT scans. The measured growth rate was compared to the exponential growth model, and on a dataset of six nodules with repeat scans, the method measured growth that was consistent with the model.
Advisors/Committee Members: Doerschuk, Peter (committeeMember), Snavely, Keith Noah (committeeMember), Doerschuk, Peter (committeeMember).

► The goal of this thesis is to develop an innovative ComputerAided Diagnosis (CAD) system for the common deadly infant cancer of Neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma accounts…
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▼ The goal of this thesis is to develop an innovative ComputerAided Diagnosis (CAD) system for the common deadly infant cancer of Neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma accounts for more than 15% of childhood cancer deaths, and it has the lowest survival rate among the paediatric cancers in Australia. In quantitative analysis the total number of different regions of interest are counted, and qualitative analysis determines abnormalities within the tumour.
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of tumor samples under the microscope is one of the key markers used by pathologists to determine the aggressiveness of the cancer, and consequently its therapy. Because of the variety of the histological region types and histological structures in the tissue, analyzing them under the microscope is a tedious and error-prone task for pathologists. The negative effects of inaccurate quantitative and qualitative analysis have led to an urgent call from pathologists for accurate, consistent and automated approaches.
ComputerAided Diagnosis (CAD) is an automated cancer diagnostic and prognostic system which enhances the ability of pathologists in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of tumor tissues. However, there are four main issues with developing a CAD system for pathology labs: First is the fluctuating quality of the histological images. Second is a wide range of different types of histological regions and histological structures with complex morphology each adopting a specific algorithm. Third is overlapping cells which decrease the accuracy of quantitative analysis. Fourth is a lack of utility for pathology labs when they do not follow an appropriate clinical prognosis scheme. Moreover, most of the proposed CAD systems perform either quantitative or quantitative analysis and only very few of them manipulate both types of analysis on the cancerous tumor tissue.
This thesis aims to address the issues raised by developing an innovative CAD system that assists pathologists in determining a more appropriate prognosis for the leading infant cancer of Neuroblastoma. The CAD will automatically perform quantitative and qualitative analysis on images of tumor tissue to extract specific histological regions and histological structures which are used for determining the prognosis for Neuroblastoma.
This thesis has four main contributions. Contribution 1 develops novel algorithms to enhance the quality of histological images by reducing the wide range of intensity variations. Contribution 2 proposes a series of segmentation algorithms for extracting different types of histological regions and histological structures. Contribution 3 addresses the issue of overlapping cells by developing algorithms for splitting them into single cells. Contribution 4 grades the aggressiveness level of neuroblastoma tumor by developing a prognosis decision engine.
The main outcomes of the proposed CAD system in this thesis are a series of novel algorithms for enhancing the quality of the histological images and for segmenting histological regions and…

► Structure analyses of a steel tower for Cal Poly's 3 kW small wind turbine is presented. First, some general design aspects of the wind…
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▼ Structure analyses of a steel tower for Cal Poly's 3 kW small wind turbine is presented. First, some general design aspects of the wind turbine tower are discussed: types, heights, and some other factors that can be considered for the design of wind turbine tower. Then, Cal Poly's wind turbine tower design is presented, highlighting its main design features. Secondly, structure analysis for Cal Poly's wind turbine tower is discussed and presented. The loads that are specific to the wind turbine system and the tower are explained. The loads for the static analysis of the tower were calculated as well. The majority of the structure analysis of the tower was performed using the finite element method (FEM). Using Abaqus, commercial FEM software, both static and dynamic structural analyses were performed. A simplified finite element model that represents the wind turbine tower was created using beam, shell, and inertia elements. An ultimate load condition was applied to check the stress level of the tower in the static analysis. For the dynamic analysis, the frequency extraction was performed in order to obtain the natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the tower. Using the results, the response spectrum analysis and the transient dynamic analysis, which are based on the modal superposition method, were performed in order to see the structure's response for earthquakes that are likely to happen at the wind turbine installation site.
Advisors/Committee Members: Joseph Mello, Andrew Davol, Tom Mase.

► The subject of this dissertation is the calculation and visualization of intraoperative measurement uncertainty in computer-assisted surgical procedures. Error is the difference between the observed…
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▼ The subject of this dissertation is the calculation and visualization of intraoperative measurement uncertainty in computer-assisted surgical procedures. Error is the difference between the observed or measured value and the true value (called ground-truth) of a quantity. Uncertainty is the unknown difference between the measured and true values, and exists in the absence of knowledge of ground truth.
If one has an algorithm for computing the ground truth then one can get an accurate estimate of error. However, in computer-assisted surgery, the ground truth is often unknown. The introduction of error to surgical procedures is inevitable: it cannot be avoided by simply taking very careful measurements, providing more accurate algorithms, or by improving instrument calibration. One can only reduce errors as much as reasonably possible, calculate a reliable estimate of the uncertainty, and provide a meaningful way to convey this uncertainty information to clinicians.
In this dissertation, I demonstrate that the visualization of registration uncertainty improves surgical navigation and that real-time computation of intraoperative measurement uncertainty is possible. In an extensive user study of surgeons and surgical residents, I compare methods of visualizing intraoperative uncertainty and determine that there are several methods of effectively conveying uncertainty in surgical navigation.

► Computers have made a great contribution to the design process in various applications, such as design analysis and simulation. A new technology called Computer-aided design…
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▼ Computers have made a great contribution to the
design process in various applications, such as design
analysis and simulation. A new technology called
Computer-aided design (CAD) has helped the designer to
design and build very intricate systems.
While most of CAD software is run on workstations or
microcomputers with one or more display devices of high
resolution for graphics, a considerable amount of CAD
software has recently been developed and introduced for
personal computers. This software can be run on personal computers with minimum configuration, making them
suitable for use in educational environments such as
Computer Engineering design courses.
Schematic Logic Analyzer and Verifier (SLAV) is one
such software package for personal computers and has been
granted to the Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Oregon State University by Automated Logic
Design Company (ALDEC) for educational purposes.
SLAV is being evaluated for use in a digital
computer design course at the Department. A major
drawback is its lack of a step-by-step instruction manual
for the users, who are not familiar with the software.
This thesis provides a solution to this problem by
showing how to use the software, eventually providing a
full instruction manual for SLAV. To demonstrate its
potential, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of a simple
digital computer has been designed by using SLAV. This
computer is simple with a minimum hardware configuration.
It is an 8-bit machine with a memory unit, an arithmetic
logic unit, a control unit and six registers. Three
representative instructions are implemented to allow
simulation of the computer to show how it works.
Advisors/Committee Members: Herzog, J. H. (advisor).

► A system which allows the computer to capture sketches made by a mechanical designer is described. The system not only recognizes basic features as they…
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▼ A system which allows the computer to capture sketches
made by a mechanical designer is described. The system not
only recognizes basic features as they are sketched, but it
also reasons the spatial relationships between features and
builds a high level abstract representation (feature model)
of the artifact. The temporal nature of the capture, one
feature at a time, serves to form a feature graph that
allows for parametric design. The system is composed of
three subsystems: a two-dimensional freehand sketching
subsystem¹ , a three-dimensional features recognition
subsystem, and a spatial reasoning subsystem.
The freehand sketching subsystem takes the user's
input sketching actions and interprets them as simple, two-dimensional
geometric elements, such as line segments,
circles, and ellipses, etc. The features recognition
subsystem interprets the collection of two-dimensional
geometric elements to extract three-dimensional information
from them and creates high level abstract representations,
features. The spatial reasoning subsystem finds
relationships between a new feature and existing features
and integrates features to form a single part.
The work of the Design Capture System is aimed at
capturing sketches of a specific application domain:
injected molding plastic parts. Twenty injected molding
plastic parts were collected and analyzed to understand the
distribution of features.
Isometric sketching is selected as the basic
constructing method for the system. The processes of
freehand sketching and computer-aided drafting were studied
to find a better scheme for computer-aided sketching.
Conclusions are also presented.
¹The Freehand Sketching Subsystem was accomplished by
Roger Fang as a Master project in 1987 at the Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis,
Oregon.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ullman, David G. (advisor).

► Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in the world. Computed tomography (CT), which can provide detailed images of lung structure, makes…
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▼ Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in the world. Computed tomography (CT), which can provide detailed images of lung structure, makes it possible to detect lung cancer in its early stage. Regular clinical practice involves visual inspection of hundreds cross-sectional slices of a patient's CT scan for small pulmonary nodules that can manifest early lung cancer. However, radiologists routinely miss nodules due to fatigue and the error-prone nature of the work, which may ultimately lead to incorrect diagnostic decisions. It has been shown that detection performance can be improved significantly by employing a computer algorithm for pulmonary nodule identification. This dissertation is devoted to the topic of computer-aided detection (CAD) of pulmonary nodules from chest CT scans. The thesis includes several subtopics: system architecture, optimization and validation of the detection system. Among the major contributions to the topic are: design and development of a multiscale Laplacian of Gaussian-based candidate generation system, high specificity standard moments-based pulmonary vessel bifurcation filter, nonsolid nodule detection system, and a new detection system validation procedure that compensates for size measurement error and provides a more meaningful performance assessment for CAD systems. In addition, a large size-enriched dataset for CAD system evaluation was created to become a valuable resource for future research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Snavely, Keith Noah (committeeMember), Doerschuk, Peter (committeeMember).

► Many research questions in dysphagia research require frame-by-frame annotation of anatomical landmarks visible in videofluorographs as part of the research workflow, which can be a…
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▼ Many research questions in dysphagia research require frame-by-frame annotation of anatomical landmarks visible in videofluorographs as part of the research workflow, which can be a tedious and error prone process. Such annotation is done manually using image analysis tools, is error prone, and characterized by poor rater reliability. In this thesis, a computer-assisted workflow that uses a point tracking technique based on the Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi tracker to semi-automate the annotation process, is developed and evaluated. Techniques to semi-automate the annotation process have been explored but none have had their research value demonstrated. To demonstrate the research value of a workflow based on point tracking in enhancing the annotation process, the developed workflow was used to perform an enhanced version of the recently published Coordinate Mapping swallowing study annotation technique to determine several swallowing parameters. Evaluation was done on eight swallow studies obtained from a variety of clinical sources and showed that the workflow produced annotation results with clinically insignificant spatial errors. The workflow has the potential to significantly enhance research processes that require frame-by-frame annotation of anatomical landmarks in videofluorographs as part of their data preparation steps, by reducing the total time required to annotate clinical cases
Advisors/Committee Members: STAVNESS, IAN K., EAGER, DEREK, ERAMIAN, MARK, SARTY, GORDON.

► This thesis is concerned with the application of computer-aided design to classical control theory. In classical control theory, much of the effort of control system…
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▼ This thesis is concerned with the application of computer-aided design to classical control theory. In classical control theory, much of the effort of control system design is concerned with the generation of charts for such aspects as time response, root locus and frequency response characteristics. These charts are time consuming to prepare by hand, even though short cut techniques are often available to obtain sketches which closely approximate the actual characteristics. A digital computer is able to assist in these conventional design procedures by generating the appropriate charts for inspection by the designer, thereby taking much of the manual effort out of the design processes. This thesis describes the development of an interactive design package. Software for computer-aided control system design has been programmed to operate, via a visual display terminal, in an online interactive mode. The control designer, using the terminal console, is able to specify certain designs and evaluate their effectiveness in terms of the various graphical analyses produced by the computer and displayed on the screen of the terminal.

► Psoriasis, characterised by white rough scaling and red inflamed erythema, is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease without a known cure. Since there is no…
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▼ Psoriasis, characterised by white rough scaling and red inflamed erythema, is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease without a known cure. Since there is no consensus on the current subjective assessment methods due to the unavoidable inter- and intra- observer variances, an objective assessment of psoriasis treatment efficacy is urgently needed. The aim of this thesis is to build a severity scoring system through 2D digital skin images to evaluate the treatment efficacy of psoriasis reliably, automatically and reproducibly.
Previous research focuses on the segmentation of plaque psoriasis, the assessment of its severity and the assessment of severity changes in a short time. What is much needed is a general method for assessing the treatment efficacy of psoriasis, not only applicable to plaque psoriasis, but also applicable to other types of psoriasis for different points in time. This thesis attempts to fill the gap by considering psoriasis segmentation as erythema segmentation and scaling segmentation separately. Moreover, additional psoriasis severity features are explored and models are built for severity change analysis during a long-term treatment. This thesis contributes to:
• An erythema segmentation method is developed to segment out erythema from the psoriasis skin images. This research applies a skin model building on composition of skin pigments to do the colour analysis. The erythema segmentation accurately locates the position of erythema in digital skin images, and is not restricted to just plaque psoriasis.
• A scaling segmentation method is proposed to segment out scaling from psoriasis skin images. Scaling often comes along with erythema, but sometimes scaling appears alone. As far as we know, this is the first study to accurately detect the position of scaling in the skin images for both situations, while previous works require the segmentation of psoriatic lesions as a first step.
• Features of erythema and scaling severity are proposed for the assessment of psoriasis severity. The erythema severity features are associated with the haemoglobin and melanin pigments; the scaling severity features are associated with the relative scaling area and the roughness degree of the scaling. The severity features correlate well with dermatologists' observation, and are shown to be better than existing methods.
• Evolution of a psoriatic lesion is evaluated in a long-term treatment. The evaluation uses a number to indicate the degree of changes of a psoriatic lesion. This research allows direct measurement of treatment efficacy in a long-term treatment rather than existing works that are only applicable to a short-term treatment.
This thesis presents the first work to reliably evaluate the treatment efficacy of a general psoriatic lesion. It shows the potential of using a computer-aided image processing system to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the psoriasis severity. It is hoped that based on this work, the future research will advance the psoriasis diagnosis as well as the…