A portable pumping system provides insulin or other drugs to a user. A shape memory element is used to actuate the pump and an intelligent system controls the actuator in order to minimize stresses within the system and provide accurate and reliable dosage delivery. The control system utilizes various...http://www.google.com.au/patents/CN101189431B?cl=en&utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent CN101189431B - Variable volume, shape memory actuated insulin dispensing pump

A portable pumping system provides insulin or other drugs to a user. A shape memory element is used to actuate the pump and an intelligent system controls the actuator in order to minimize stresses within the system and provide accurate and reliable dosage delivery. The control system utilizes various types of feedback to monitor and optimize the position of the pumping mechanisms. Physical design aspects also minimize stress and the combination of the physical design aspects and the intelligent operation of the system results in a lightweight and cost effective pump that may be used in a disposable fashion if desired.

1. 一种泵送系统，包括： 壳体； 所述壳体中的柱塞； 所述壳体中的形状记忆元件，当电流流过所述元件时， 所述元件改变长度， 所述元件使得所述柱塞在第一和第二物理限制之间移动，以使得当所述柱塞处于第一物理限制处时所述壳体充满液体，而当所述柱塞处于第二物理限制时所述壳体基本排出液体； 第一物理限制处的第一开关，用来指示所述柱塞是否处在第一物理限制处；以及电路，如果所述柱塞未处于第一或第二物理限制处，所述电路用于检测泵故障。 A pumping system, comprising: a housing; a plunger in the housing; the housing of the shape memory element when the current flows through the element, changing the length of the element, the element so that the plunger between the first and second physical limitations to move, so that when the plunger is in the first physical limitations of the case is filled with liquid, and when the plunger is in the second physical limitations The basic housing discharge liquid; a first switch at the first physical limitations, to indicate whether the plunger is in the first place physical limitations; and a circuit, if the plunger is not in the first or second physical limit at which the circuit for detecting the pump failure.

2.根据权利要求I所述的泵送系统，进一步包括第二物理限制处的第二开关，用来指示所述柱塞是否处于第二物理限制处。 2. The pumping system according to claim I, further comprising a second switch at a second physical limitations, for indicating whether the plunger is in the second place physical limitations.

3.根据权利要求2所述的泵送系统，其中，所述电路感测所述第一和第二开关的状态。 3 wherein, said sensing circuit of said first and second switch state in accordance with claim 2, wherein the pumping system.

4. 一种分配液体的方法，包括： 通过使形状记忆材料收缩并移动柱塞，将液体吸入到泵送壳体中； 通过使形状记忆材料放松并移动所述柱塞，将液体从所述泵送壳体中排出； 监控所述柱塞的位置；以及基于所监控的位置控制所述柱塞的位置。 4. A method for dispensing a liquid, comprising: shape memory material shrinks and moves the plunger, the pumping liquid drawn into the housing; by the shape memory material to relax and move the plunger, the liquid from the pumping the housing discharge; and monitored based on the location of the plunger position control; monitoring the position of the plunger.

5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，监控所述柱塞的位置包括感测一个或多个开关的状态，所述开关根据所述柱塞的位置被选择性地启动。 5. The method of claim 4, wherein, to monitor the position of said plunger comprises one or more sensing switch status, the switch being selectively activated according to the position of the plunger.

6.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，监控所述柱塞的位置包括利用设在所述柱塞上的编码标记。 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein, to monitor the position of the plunger including the use of plunger provided on said coded marking.

7.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，监控所述柱塞的位置包括测量磁场的强度。 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein said monitoring comprises measuring the position of the plunger of the magnetic field strength.

8.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其中，监控所述柱塞的位置包括测量静止导电元件与随所述柱塞移动的导电元件之间的电容。 The method according to claim 4, wherein said monitoring comprises measuring the position of the plunger stationary conductive element and the capacitance between the conductive member with the movement of the plunger.

9. 一种液压泵,包括： 壳体； 所述壳体中的柱塞； 驱动所述柱塞的形状记忆元件； 行程长度，其等于所述柱塞的泵送表面最大行进距离； 位置感测机构，其感测所述柱塞的位置；以及包括线性反馈机构的定位系统，其中所述定位系统以小于所述行程长度的增量移动所述柱塞，导致部分柱塞行程。 A hydraulic pump comprising: a housing; a plunger in the housing; shape memory element driving said plunger; stroke length, which is equal to the maximum piston travel distance pumping surface; position sense measuring means sensing the position of said plunger; and a feedback mechanism comprises a linear positioning system, wherein the positioning system is less than the stroke length of the incremental movement of the plunger, resulting in part of the piston stroke.

10.根据权利要求9所述的泵，其中，所述位置感测机构使用光学编码。 10. The pump according to claim 9, wherein said position sensing mechanism using an optical encoder.

11.根据权利要求9所述的泵，其中，所述位置感测机构使用导电编码。 11. The pump according to claim 9, wherein said position sensing mechanism using a conductive encoding.

12.根据权利要求9所述的泵，其中，所述位置感测机构包括磁性传感器。 12. A pump according to claim 9, wherein said position sensing means comprises a magnetic sensor.

13.根据权利要求9所述的泵，其中，所述位置感测机构测量静止导电元件与随所述柱塞移动的导电元件之间的电容。 13. A pump according to claim 9, wherein said position sensing means measuring capacitance stationary conductive member and the conductive member with the movement of the plunger between.

14. 一种泵,包括：具有最大容积的壳体； 致动器，包括使柱塞移动的形状记忆合金，所述柱塞从所述壳体中排出液体；以及控制系统，其利用线性反馈来感测所述致动器的位置，并且来操纵所述致动器以提供小于最大容积的可变体积的剂量。 14. A pump, comprising: a housing having a maximum volume; actuator comprises a shape memory alloy to move the plunger, said plunger discharging liquid from said housing; and a control system, which utilizes linear feedback to sense the position of the actuator, and to manipulate the actuator to provide less than the maximum volume of the variable volume dose.

15.根据权利要求14所述的泵，其中，所述控制系统包括微处理器。 15. The pump according to claim 14, wherein said control system includes a microprocessor.

16.根据权利要求14所述的泵，其中，所述控制系统包括用于位置检测的装置。 16. The pump according to claim 14, wherein said control system comprises means for detecting the position.

17.根据权利要求14所述的泵，其中，所述控制系统判定所述泵是否已被充注。 17. A pump according to claim 14, wherein said control system determines whether the pump has been filled.

18.根据权利要求17所述的泵，其中，如果所述泵未被充注，则所述控制系统产生警生口o 18. The pump according to claim 17, wherein, if the pump is not filled, the control system generates warnings raw mouth o

19. 一种泵,包括： 形状记忆合金； 连接于所述形状记忆合金的柱塞，所述柱塞具有行程长度； 用于感测所述柱塞在所述柱塞行程的任意点处的精确位置的装置；以及用于通过改变所述形状记忆合金的长度而控制所述柱塞的位置的装置，所述用于控制的装置能够将所述柱塞定位在所述柱塞行程的任意点处，从而使所述泵能够泵送可变剂量大小的液体。 19. A pump comprising: a shape memory alloy; a plunger connected to the shape memory alloy, said plunger having a stroke length; means for sensing the plunger at any point in the stroke of the plunger means a precise location; and means for changing the length of the shape memory alloy by controlling the position of said plunger, said means for controlling said plunger can be positioned at any stroke of the plunger point, so that the size of the dose variable pump capable of pumping liquid.

20. 一种分配液体的方法，包括： 提供连接于形状记忆元件的柱塞； 向所述形状记忆元件提供电势以改变所述元件的长度； 监控所述柱塞的位置；以及基于所监控的位置调节施加于所述形状记忆元件的电势以移动所述柱塞并分配液体。 20. A method of dispensing a liquid, comprising: providing a shape memory element is connected to the plunger; providing an electrical potential to the shape memory element to change the length of the element; monitoring the position of said plunger; and based on the monitored adjusting the position of the electrical potential applied to the shape memory element to move the plunger and dispensing the liquid.

22.根据权利要求20所述的方法，其中，监控所述位置包括读取不连续的位置指示器。 22. The method of claim 20, wherein said position monitor comprises a discontinuous reading position indicator.

23.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中，监控所述位置包括测量模拟传感器的可变输出。 23. The method according to claim 21, wherein said position monitor comprises a variable output analog measuring sensor.

24. 一种泵送液体的方法，包括： 向形状记忆合金施加至少一个电脉冲以移动柱塞； 检测所述形状记忆合金的应力状态；以及如果检测到所述应力状态，修正所述至少一个脉冲。 24. A method of pumping a liquid, comprising: a shape memory alloy is applied to at least one electrical pulse to move the plunger; detecting the stress state of the shape memory alloy; and if the stress state is detected, said at least one correction pulse.

25.根据权利要求24的方法，进一步包括： 检查阻塞；以及如果检测到阻塞，修正所述至少一个脉冲。 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising: checking obstruction; and if congestion is detected, the at least one correction pulse.

26. —种泵送系统,包括： 壳体； 所述壳体中的柱塞； 所述壳体中的形状记忆元件，当电流流过所述元件时， 所述元件改变长度， 所述元件使所述柱塞在第一和第二物理限制之间移动，以使得当所述柱塞处于第一物理限制时所述壳体充满液体，而当所述柱塞处于第二物理限制时所述壳体基本排出液体；以及连接于所述形状记忆元件的过载活塞，所述过载活塞移动以适应所述形状记忆元件的改变并减小所述泵送系统上的应力。 26. - Species pumping system, comprising: a housing; a plunger in the housing; the housing of the shape memory element when the current flows through the element, changing the length of the element, the element so that the plunger moves between the first and second physical limitations, such that when the plunger is in the first physical limit of the housing is filled with liquid, and when the plunger is in the second physical limit said housing basic discharge liquid; and the shape memory element is connected to an overload of the piston, the piston moves overload to reflect changes in the shape memory element and reduce the stress on the pumping system.

[0001] 本发明主要涉及便携式胰岛素或其它液体的输送系统，更具体地说，涉及用于这种系统的泵。 [0001] The present invention relates to a portable insulin delivery systems, or other liquids, and more particularly, relates to a system for such a pump.

背景技术 Background

[0002] 长期以来,胰岛素泵（insulin pump)被广泛使用，并由糖尿病患者用来自动输送胰岛素。 [0002] For a long time, insulin pump (insulin pump) is widely used by diabetics for automatically transporting insulin.许多当前可用的胰岛素泵都利用通用泵送技术，即注射泵（syringe pump)。 Many currently available insulin pumps are pumping techniques using common, namely injection pump (syringe pump).在注射泵中，注射泵的柱塞由导向螺杆推进，该导向螺杆通过精密步进电机来转动。 In the injection pump, the injection pump plunger by the lead screw propulsion, the lead screw by precision stepper motor to rotate.当柱塞前进时，流体从注射泵中被压出，通过导管进入患者体内。 When the plunger forward, fluid is forced out of the injection pump through the catheter into the patient.选择注射泵作为胰岛素泵的泵送技术的动机在于，注射泵能够以近乎连续的方式精确地输送普通糖尿病患者所需的较少量（约0. I至约I. Ocm3/天）的胰岛素。 Select the injection pump as motivation insulin pump pumping technology is that the injection pump capable of near-continuous manner to accurately convey the desired amount less common in patients with diabetes (about 0. I to about I. Ocm3 / day) insulin.还可以通过调节电机的步进率而容易地大范围调节注射泵的输送速率以适应个体的变化胰岛素需求量（例如，基础速率和单次注射剂量）。 You can also adjust the step rate of the motor and a wide range of easily adjust injection pump delivery rate of change to accommodate individual insulin requirement (for example, base rate and a single dose).虽然注射泵在较大流速范围内以近乎连续的方式精确地输送液体的能力方面是独一无二的，但是这种性能是在高成本下达到的。 Although the injection pump capacity in a wide range of flow rates to near-continuous manner precisely liquid delivery is unique, but this performance is achieved at a high cost.当前可用的胰岛素泵是价值数千美元的复杂且昂贵的设备部件。 Currently available insulin pumps are thousands of dollars worth of complex and expensive equipment parts.该高成本主要归因于步进电机和导向螺杆机构的复杂性。 The cost is mainly due to the complexity of the stepper motor and lead screw mechanism.这些部件还显著增大了胰岛素泵的总尺寸和重量。 These components also significantly increases the insulin pump total size and weight.另外，由于其成本，当前可用的胰岛素泵具有高达两年的预期使用寿命，这使得装置的日常例行维护（诸如电源的再充电和胰岛素的再充注）成为必需。 In addition, because of its cost, currently available insulin pumps with the expected service life of up to two years, which makes the daily routine maintenance of the device (such as power recharging and refilling of insulin injection) become essential.这些注射类型的泵即使被称作一次性的，也完全因为太昂贵而不能真正成为一次性的，或者如果被丢弃，则对患者和保险公司等来说成本非常高。 These types of injection pump even be called a one-off, but also completely because it is too expensive to be truly become a one-off, or if it is discarded, patients and insurance companies for the cost is very high.

[0003] 形状记忆合金是在被施以电能时改变形状但在去除电能后又恢复为自然状态的一类材料的一部分。 [0003] Shape memory alloys change shape, but is part of the removal of electrical energy in a natural state and then revert to a class of materials when power is applied.利用这些材料的这种独特属性，这些材料可用来构成致动器。 With this unique properties of these materials, these materials can be used to form the actuator.可用形状记忆合金致动器制造泵。 Available shape memory alloy actuator manufacturing pumps.然而，形状记忆合金不具有注射泵中所用的精密步进电机的固有精确性和可重复性。 However, the shape memory alloy does not have the inherent accuracy and repeatability of the injection pump used in precision stepper motor.尽管价格总是重要的，但在用于输送胰岛素或其它药剂的泵中精确性也是必须的。 Although the prices are always important, but for delivering insulin or other agents of the pump accuracy it is necessary.因此，必须提供一种系统来精确地控制和启动用形状记忆材料作为致动器的泵。 Therefore, it must provide a system to accurately control and start with a shape memory material as an actuator of the pump.

[0004] 发明内容 [0004] SUMMARY

[0005] 本发明使用一种节省成本但精确的泵送系统和方法向使用者输送胰岛素或其它液体。 [0005] The present invention uses a cost-saving but accurate pumping systems and methods of insulin delivery to the user or other liquids.本发明中使用的独特结构设计方面和智能控制系统实现了使用形状记忆合金来致动具有卓越可靠性和可重复性的泵送机构。 The unique structure design and intelligent control system of the present invention are achieved using a shape memory alloy actuated pumping mechanism with excellent reliability and repeatability.

[0006] 根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种泵送系统，其包括：壳体；该壳体中的柱塞；该壳体中的形状记忆元件，当电流流过所述元件时，所述元件改变长度，所述元件使得所述柱塞在第一和第二物理限制之间移动，以使得当所述柱塞处于第一物理限制处时所述壳体充满液体，而当所述柱塞处于第二物理限制时所述壳体基本排出液体；以及第一物理限制处的第一开关，用来指示所述柱塞是否处在第一物理限制处。 [0006] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pumping system, comprising: a housing; a plunger in the housing; the housing of the shape memory element when the current flows through the element, When changing the length of the element, the element so that the plunger is moved between the first and second physical limitations, such that when the plunger is in the first physical limitations of the case is filled with liquid, and when the when the plunger is in the second case the physical limitations of the basic discharging liquid; and a first switch at the first physical limitations, to indicate whether the plunger is in the first place physical limitations.

[0007] 根据本发明的另一个方面，还提供了一种分配液体的方法，包括：通过使形状记忆材料收缩并移动柱塞，将液体吸入到泵送壳体中；通过使形状记忆材料放松并移动所述柱塞，将液体从所述泵送壳体中排出；监控所述柱塞的位置；以及基于所监控的位置控制所述柱塞的位置。 [0007] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of dispensing a liquid, comprising: a shape memory material by contraction and move the plunger, the liquid drawn into the pumping housing; by the shape memory material to relax and moving the plunger, the liquid is discharged from the pumping housing; and a control based on the position of the monitored position of the plunger; monitoring the position of the plunger.

[0008] 根据本发明的又一个方面，还提供了一种液压泵，包括：壳体；所述壳体中的柱塞；驱动所述柱塞的形状记忆元件；行程长度，其等于所述柱塞的泵送表面最大行进距离；位置感测机构，其感测所述柱塞的位置；以及包括线性反馈机构的定位系统，其中所述定位系统以小于所述行程长度的增量移动所述柱塞，导致部分柱塞行程。 [0008] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hydraulic pump, comprising: a housing; a plunger in the housing; shape memory element driving said plunger; stroke length, which is equal to the pumping the maximum travel distance of the surface of the plunger; position sensing mechanism that senses the position of said plunger; and a feedback mechanism comprises a linear positioning system, wherein the positioning system is less than the incremental movement of the stroke length the plunger, causing part of the piston stroke.

[0009] 根据本发明的一个方面，还提供了一种泵，包括：具有最大容积的壳体；致动器，包括使柱塞移动的形状记忆合金，所述柱塞从壳体中排出液体；以及控制系统，其利用线性反馈来感测所述致动器的位置，并且来操纵所述致动器以提供小于最大容积的可变体积的剂量。 [0009] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pump comprising: a housing having a maximum volume; actuator comprising a shape memory alloy to move the plunger, the plunger fluid is discharged from the housing ; and a control system, which utilizes linear feedback to sense the position of the actuator, and to manipulate the actuator to provide less than the maximum volume of the variable volume dose.

[0010] 根据本发明的一个方面，还提供了一种泵，包括：形状记忆合金；连接于所述形状记忆合金的柱塞，所述柱塞具有行程长度；用于感测所述柱塞在所述柱塞行程的任意点处的精确位置的装置；以及用于通过改变所述形状记忆合金的长度而控制所述柱塞的位置的装置，所述用于控制的装置能够将所述柱塞定位在所述柱塞行程的任意点处，从而使所述泵能够泵送可变剂量大小的液体。 [0010] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pump comprising: a shape memory alloy; said plunger is connected to the shape memory alloy, said plunger having a stroke length; means for sensing the plunger In the apparatus of the precise location of any point of the stroke of the plunger; means for the length of the device and by changing the position of the shape memory alloy to control the plunger, the control can be used for the a plunger positioned at any point in the stroke of the plunger, so that the size of the dose variable pump capable of pumping liquid.

[0011] 根据本发明的一个方面，还提供了一种分配液体的方法，包括：提供连接于形状记忆元件的柱塞；向所述形状记忆元件提供电势以改变所述元件的长度；监控所述柱塞的位置；以及基于所监控的位置调节施加于所述形状记忆元件的电势以移动所述柱塞并分配液体。 [0011] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is also provided a method of dispensing a liquid, comprising: providing a piston connected to the shape memory element; providing an electrical potential to the shape memory element to change the length of the element; monitoring the the position of said plunger; and a position adjustment based on the potential applied to the monitoring of the shape memory element to move the plunger and dispensing the liquid.

[0012] 根据本发明的一个方面，还提供了一种泵送液体的方法，包括：向形状记忆合金施加至少一个电脉冲以移动柱塞；检测所述形状记忆合金的应力状态；以及如果检测到所述应力状态，修正所述至少一个脉冲。 [0012] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for pumping a liquid, comprising: applying at least one electrical pulse to move the plunger to the shape memory alloy; stress detecting the shape memory alloy; and if it is detected to the state of stress, correcting the at least one pulse.

[0013] 根据本发明的一个方面，还提供了一种泵送系统，包括：壳体；所述壳体中的柱塞；所述壳体中的形状记忆元件，当电流流过所述元件时，所述元件改变长度，所述元件使所述柱塞在第一和第二物理限制之间移动，以使得当所述柱塞处于第一物理限制时所述壳体充满液体，而当所述柱塞处于第二物理限制时所述壳体基本排出液体；以及连接于所述形状记忆元件的过载活塞，所述过载活塞移动以适应所述形状记忆元件的改变并减小所述泵送系统上的应力。 [0013] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pumping system, comprising: a housing; a plunger in the housing; the housing of the shape memory element, when a current flows through the element when changing the length of the element, the element so that the plunger moves between the first and second physical limitations, so when the plunger is in the first physical limitations of the housing is filled with liquid, and when When the plunger is in the second physical limitations of the housing substantially discharging liquid; and the shape memory element is connected to the piston of an overload, the overload piston moves to accommodate the change of the shape memory element and reduces the pump stress on the delivery system.

[0014] 本发明不仅实现了节约成本的泵送系统，而且还实现了耐用、精确、重量轻且容错的系统。 [0014] The present invention is not to achieve a cost-effective pumping systems, but also to achieve a durable, precise, lightweight, and the fault-tolerant system.尽管该泵送系统是精确、重量轻且容错的，但在泵是最有利的医疗应用中，多种原因使得所期望的是较为频繁地丢弃泵送系统和更换泵送系统的部分。 Although the pumping system is accurate, lightweight, and fault-tolerant, but the pump is most beneficial medical applications, a variety of reasons why it is desirable that more frequently discarded pumping system and replacing parts of the pumping system.本发明泵送机构的低成本实现了这种一次性用途，与此同时泵在整个泵使用寿命期间都能提供精确的剂量。 Low cost pumping mechanism of the present invention implements this one-time use, at the same time during the life of the pump in the entire pump can provide precise dosage.控制系统使得泵中的应力最小化，并且如果泵被不适当地充注或者如果在泵送系统中检测到阻塞的话可产生警告。 Control system allows the pump minimize the stress, and if the pump is not properly filled or if it is detected in the pumping system to be blocked, then a warning.泵中应力的降低使得泵更小且重量更轻，并具有更长的使用寿命，这对于泵的使用者来说显然是有利的。 Reducing stress such that the pump pumps smaller and lighter in weight, and has a longer service life, which is obviously advantageous for the pump of the users.此外，即使在检测出故障的情况下，智能控制系统也允许泵操作。 Moreover, even in the case of a failure is detected, the intelligent control system also allows the pump to operate.例如，如果由于某种原因导致无法获得泵的完整行程，则可利用较小的行程（以更高的频率），并且泵可继续向使用者提供所需剂量。 For example, if for some reason can not get the full stroke of the pump, you can use a small stroke (higher frequency), and the pump can continue to provide the user with the desired dosage.

[0015] 本发明的其它方面、优点和特征包含在以下对其示例性实例的描述中，所述描述应与附图结合进行，其中在所有附图中相同（以及相似）的标号用于描述相同的特征。 Reference numeral [0015] Other aspects, advantages and features of the present invention are included in the following description of its exemplary examples, the description shall be carried out in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in the drawings wherein like (and similar) is used to describe the same characteristics.即使编号元件的前缀可根据图号而改变，但如果在各实施例中编号元件的其余部分是相同的，则所述部件与针对先前描述的实施例所述的相同或相似。 Even if the prefix number elements may vary according to the drawing number, but if the rest of the embodiment is numbered elements of each embodiment of the same, the said member for the same or similar to the previously described embodiments herein.例如，图3的电容器304与图5的电容器504相同或相似。 For example, FIG. 3 of the capacitor 304 and the capacitor 504 in Figure 5 of the same or similar.在这种情况下，不再对该元件进行描述，而是应对先前附图（该实例中的图3)的描述进行参考。 In this case, no description of the elements, but respond to previous figures (in the example in Fig. 3) was performed as described by reference.为了所有的目的，文中提及的所有专利、专利申请、文章以及其它公开物整体结合于此作为参考。 For all purposes, all patents, patent applications, articles, and other publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference in entirety.

附图说明 Brief Description

[0016] 图1A、图1B、和图IC示出了处于不同操作阶段的泵100。 [0016] FIGS. 1A, 1B, and IC shown in a different operating stages of the pump 100.

[0017] 图ID是泵送系统或“泵” 150的框图。 [0017] FIG. ID is a block diagram of a pumping system or "pump" 150.

[0019] 图3A和图3B示出了与泵200或其它泵的实施例结合使用的泵驱动电路的不同实施例。 [0019] Figures 3A and 3B illustrate a pump 200 in combination with the other embodiments of the pump or pump drive circuit used in different embodiments.

[0020] 图4A和图4B示出了处于不同操作阶段的泵400。 [0020] Figures 4A and 4B illustrate in different stages of the pump 400 operating.

[0021] 图5示出了与泵400或其它泵的实施例结合使用的泵驱动电路的实施例。 [0021] Figure 5 shows an embodiment in conjunction with the other embodiments of the pump or pumps 400 pump drive circuit used.

[0022] 图6A和图6B示出了处于不同操作阶段的泵600。 [0022] Figures 6A and 6B illustrate operation at different stages of the pump 600.

[0023] 图7A和图7B示出了处于不同操作阶段的泵700。 [0023] Figures 7A and 7B illustrate the different phases of operation in a pump 700.

[0024] 图8示出了与泵700或其它泵的实施例结合使用的泵驱动电路的实施例。 [0024] Figure 8 shows an embodiment in conjunction with the other embodiments of the pump or pumps 700 pump drive circuit used.

[0025] 图9A和图9B示出了处于不同操作阶段的泵900。 [0025] Figures 9A and 9B illustrate in different stages of operation of the pump 900.

[0031] 图12A和图12B是随时间变化的泵的操作的图表。 [0031] The graph of FIG. 12A and 12B are time-varying operation of the pump.

具体实施方式 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] 本发明使用一种节省成本但精确的泵送系统和方法向使用者输送胰岛素或其它液体。 [0032] The present invention uses a cost-saving but accurate pumping systems and methods of insulin delivery to the user or other liquids.本发明中使用的独特结构设计方面和智能控制系统实现了使用形状记忆合金来致动具有卓越可靠性和可重复性的泵送机构。 The unique structure design and intelligent control system of the present invention are achieved using a shape memory alloy actuated pumping mechanism with excellent reliability and repeatability.

[0033] 本发明不仅实现节约成本的泵送系统，而且还实现了耐用、精确、重量轻且容错的系统。 [0033] The present invention is not pumping system to achieve cost savings, but also to achieve a durable, precise, lightweight and fault-tolerant systems.尽管该泵送系统是精确的、重量轻且容错的，但在泵是最有利的医疗应用中，多种原因使得所期望的是较为频繁地丢弃泵送系统和更换泵送系统的部分。 Although the pumping system is accurate, lightweight, and fault-tolerant, but the pump is most beneficial medical applications, a variety of reasons why it is desirable that more frequently discarded pumping systems and replacement of some pumping system.本发明泵送机构的低成本实现了这种一次性用途，与此同时泵在整个泵使用寿命期间都能提供精确的剂量。 Low cost pumping mechanism of the present invention implements this one-time use, at the same time during the life of the pump in the entire pump can provide precise dosage.控制系统使得泵中的应力最小化，并且如果泵被不适当地充注或者如果在泵送系统中检测到阻塞的话可产生警告。 Control system allows the pump minimize the stress, and if the pump is not properly filled or if it is detected in the pumping system to be blocked, then a warning.泵中应力的降低使得泵更小且重量更轻，并且具有更长的使用寿命，这对于泵的使用者来说显然是有利的。 Reducing stress such that the pump pumps smaller and lighter in weight, and has a longer service life, which is obviously advantageous for the pump of the users.此外，即使在检测出故障的情况下，智能控制系统也允许泵操作。 Moreover, even in the case of a failure is detected, the intelligent control system also allows the pump to operate.例如，如果由于某种原因导致无法获得泵的完整行程，则可（以更高的频率）利用较小的行程，并且泵可继续向使用者提供所需剂量。 For example, if for some reason can not get the full stroke of the pump, you can (at a higher frequency) use a small stroke, and the pump can continue to provide the user with the desired dosage.

[0034] 如以上简要描述的，形状记忆合金用于致动根据本发明制造的泵。 [0034] As briefly described above, the shape memory alloy actuator according to the present invention for producing a pump.在经过尺寸变化的过程中，形状记忆材料根据温度变化经受可逆的相变（phase transition或transformation),或者可逆的结构相变。 After the process of changing the size, the shape memory material is subjected to a reversible phase change (phase transition or transformation) according to a temperature change, or a reversible structural phase transition.通常，这样的转变表现为从材料的一种固相到另一固相的材料变化，例如由于材料晶体结构的改变或由于材料分子级别的重新排列。 Typically, the performance of such a change from a solid phase material to another solid phase change material, e.g., due to changes in the crystal structure of the material or the material due to rearrange the molecular level.在镍钛诺（Nitinol，镍钛合金）的情况下，例如，超弹性合金具有低温相，或马氏体相，以及高温相，或奥氏体相。 In Nitinol (Nitinol, a nickel titanium alloy) is, for example, super-elastic alloy has a low temperature phase, or martensite phase, and high-temperature phase, or austenite phase.这些相也可被称作刚性相和柔软且可延展相，或者响应相。 These phases may also be referred to the rigid phase and soft and malleable phase, or phase response.与具体合金材料有关的具体相变可不同。 And specific alloy material related to the specific phase change may be different.对于本领域中普通技术人员来说形状记忆材料是很好理解的。 For ordinary skill in the art is a shape memory material is well understood.

[0035] 作为本发明泵（ 或其一部分）的实施例的泵100在图IA中示出处于未启动状态、在图IB中示出处于完全启动状态、在图IC中示出处于应力加载状态。 [0035] The present invention is a pump (or portion thereof) of the pump 100 of the embodiment shown in FIG. IA, in a non-activated state, shown in Fig. IB in a fully activated state, shown in Figure IC in stress loaded state .泵体包括壳体101、顶部盖102、以及柱塞盖103。 Pump includes a housing 101, the top cover 102, the cover 103 and a plunger.在栗内部具有柱塞104，该柱塞通常（在未启动状态下）由柱塞偏压弹簧105保持抵靠在柱塞盖103上。 Li has a plunger 104 in the interior of the plunger is usually (not activated state) by the plunger biasing spring 105 held against the plunger cap 103.相似地，过载活塞106通常（在未启动状态下)由过载活塞弹簧107保持抵靠在顶部盖102上，该过载活塞弹簧107 (具有更高的弹簧常数k)强于柱塞偏压弹簧105。 Similarly, overload (in the case did not start state) by the piston 106 is typically overload piston spring 107 held against the top cover 102, the overload piston spring 107 (having a higher spring constant k) is stronger than the plunger biasing spring 105 .柱塞104通过形状记忆合金线108连接于过载活塞106，当通过从V+109触点经由形状记忆合金线108流至V-110触点的电流的一个脉冲或多个脉冲加热时该形状记忆合金线108收缩，其中V-110触点可为系统接地（GND)参考。 The plunger 104 by the shape memory alloy wire 108 is connected to the overload piston 106, when the contacts through the V + 109 V-110 contacts a pulse current or pulse heating via a plurality of shape memory alloy wire 108 from flowing to the shape memory alloy wire 108 contracts in which the V-110 for the system ground contact (GND) reference.每个脉冲中的电力均由通过V+109触点和V-110触点施加到形状记忆合金线108上的电压确定。 Each pulse of electricity by contact through V + 109 and V-110 contact voltage applied to the shape memory alloy wire 108 is determined.值得注意的是，壳体由绝缘材料制成，而柱塞104和过载活塞106或者由导电材料（例如金属）制成或者涂有适合的导电材料。 It is noteworthy that, the housing made of an insulating material, and the plunger 104 and piston 106 or an overload of a conductive material (e.g., metal) is made of or coated with a suitable electrically conductive material.根据最适合于给定的设计，顶部盖102和柱塞盖103可由绝缘材料或导电材料制成。 According to the most appropriate for a given design, the top cover 102 and the plunger cover 103 may be an insulating material or a conductive material.

[0036] 图IA示出了处于未启动（inactive)状态下的泵，其中形状记忆合金线108未收缩，柱塞104由柱塞偏压弹簧105保持抵靠在柱塞盖103上并且过载活塞106由过载活塞弹簧107保持抵靠在顶部盖102上。 [0036] FIG. IA shows in not starting the pump (inactive) state, where the shape memory alloy wire 108 not shrink, the plunger 104 by the plunger biasing spring 105 held against the plunger cap 103 and piston overload 106 by the overload piston spring 107 held against the top cover 102.这是泵100在每次启动或泵送循环后所返回的状态。 This is the 100 after each pumping cycle starts or status returned by pumps.

[0037] 图IB示出了处于完全启动状态下的泵，其中形状记忆合金线108已收缩成足以拉动柱塞104向上抵靠在构置于壳体101内的止挡部上而不再运动，而过载活塞106由过载活塞弹簧107保持抵靠在顶部盖102上。 [0037] FIG. IB illustrates in a fully activate the pump state, wherein the shape memory alloy wire 108 has enough contraction to pull up the plunger 104 abuts against the stopper mechanism disposed on the housing 101 instead of movement , the piston 106 by the overload overload piston spring 107 held against the top cover 102.这种状态实现了柱塞104的完整行程。 This state implements a complete stroke of the plunger 104.

[0038] 图IC示出了处于应力加载状态下的泵，其中形状记忆合金线108已充分收缩，从而拉动过载活塞106向上抵靠在构置于壳体101内的第二止挡部上。 [0038] FIG. IC shows the pump in stress load state, in which the shape memory alloy wire 108 is fully contracted and thus boost overload piston 106 abuts up against the structure placed on the second stop of the housing 101.在这种状态下，壳体101、柱塞104、过载活塞106、以及形状记忆合金线108受到最大应力。 In this state, the casing 101, plunger 104, overload 106, and the shape memory alloy wire 108 being the maximum stress in the piston.

[0039] 基本泵100的设计是这样的，即，对于驱动泵的电路没有反馈（开环）并且对在图IB所示的完全启动状态之后泵的动作提供设计余量，以确保泵达到完全启动状态。 [0039] 100 basic pump design is such that, for driving the pump circuit without feedback (open loop) and on the following shown in Figure IB fully activated state of the pump action provide design margins to ensure that the pump is completely active.如果在最坏条件（诸如冷线（cold wire))下施加于形状记忆合金线108的电流的一个脉冲或多个脉冲降低至实现完全启动状态所需的最小值的话，则处于最佳条件（诸如暖线（warmwire))下的基本泵100的动作将朝向图IC中所示的应力加载状态驱动泵。 If the worst-case conditions (such as a cold line (cold wire)) is applied at 108 to the shape memory alloy wire or a plurality of pulses of the pulse current is reduced to achieve fully activated state minimum required, then in the best conditions ( The basic pump such as warm line (warmwire)) under the direction of motion 100 shown in FIG IC stress load state of the drive pump.泵100的设计以及过载活塞弹簧107的选择取决于最坏条件与最佳条件之间的差别。 Select pump design overload of the piston 100, and spring 107 depends on the difference between the worst conditions of optimum conditions.在正常工作（无故障）条件下，应力泵总是完成完整行程（如图IB所示的完全启动状态），并且可靠地工作超过预期使用寿命，因为过度收缩及所产生的应力最小化（如从图IC所示的应力加载状态中看到的）。 During normal operation (no fault) conditions, stress the pump is always completed (fully activated state shown in Fig. IB) complete itinerary, and reliable operation over the expected life, because excessive shrinkage and minimize the stress generated (eg seen from the stress load state shown in FIG. IC).所考虑的最坏条件与最佳条件包括：操作温度范围、最小泵送速率（例如，最小基础输送速率）、以及最大泵送速率（例如，最大单次注射速率）。 The worst conditions are optimal conditions considered include: operating temperature range, the minimum pumping rate (for example, the minimum delivery rate basis), as well as the maximum pumping rate (for example, the largest single injection rate).

[0040] 重要的是要注意到，泵100的开环设计缺乏反馈，因此不能自适应地调节故障，因为并未感测到所述故障。 [0040] It is important to note that the open loop feedback design lacks pump 100, and therefore can not be adjusted adaptively fault because the fault has not sensed.例如，诸如柱塞104被卡住的泵故障可导致胰岛素输送输出量减小或为零，而且在被给予了不适当的剂量时使用者（患者）还会以为泵在正确地操作。 For example, as the plunger 104 is stuck insulin delivery pump failure can lead to reduced or zero output, and granting the user (patient) is inadequate dose would think the pump to operate correctly.

[0041]图ID是示出了总体系统的框图，其中各个泵实施例都作为其一部分。 [0041] Figure ID is a block diagram showing the overall system, wherein various embodiments of the pump are used as a part thereof.总体系统150包括微处理器150A、驱动电路150B、以及泵元件150C。 The overall system 150 includes a microprocessor 150A, a drive circuit 150B, and a pump element 150C.可认为所有这些部件都用于构成泵，尽管在本领域的普通技术人员中，泵元件150C有时也单独被称作泵。 All of these components are considered for constituting the pump, although one of ordinary skill in the art, a pump element 150C is sometimes referred to as a single pump.下面在本申请中，将详细描述泵150C的和一部分驱动电路150B的许多不同实施例。 Here in the present application, the pump will be described in detail a number of different embodiments of 150C and a portion of the drive circuit 150B.在胰岛素输送系统150中，所有部件（所示出的）可被封装在一起或者它们可被独立分组。 In the insulin delivery system 150, all of the components (illustrated) may be packaged together or they can be grouped independently.例如，所期望的是将泵和驱动电路作为一组，同时远程设置泵元件。 For example, it is desirable that the pump and the drive circuit as a group, while remote setting pump components.诸如使用者输入装置和显示器等其它部件未示出，但它们都由与泵和驱动电路结合的处理器控制。 Other components, such as user input devices and displays, not shown, but they are by the pump and drive circuits combined processor control.

[0042] 在图2中示出了另一实施例。 [0042] In Fig. 2 shows another embodiment.图2中所示的设计包括指示完全启动状态完成的反馈，但在其它方面与图I中所示的泵相似。 The design shown in Figure 2 includes a fully activated state indicating completion of feedback, but otherwise similar to the pump shown in Figure I.泵200包括来自于开关（PIST0N-NC 211)的反馈，其表示过载活塞206处于泵的顶部或与顶部盖202相接触。 Pump 200 includes a feedback from the switch (PIST0N-NC 211), which indicate an overload at the top of the pump piston 206 or 202 in contact with the top cover.在下面的描述中，开关，诸如开关211 (其提供反馈）也可被引用为它所提供的反馈。 In the following description, the switch, such as switch 211 (which provides feedback) can also be cited as it provides feedback.图2中所示的具有PIST0N-NC 211反馈的泵以与图I中所示的基本泵100相似的方式构造和操作。 Shown in Figure 2 has PIST0N-NC 211 with the feedback pump Basic pump shown in Figure I 100 constructed and operative in a similar manner.反馈来自于常闭（NC)开关，该开关表示过载活塞206与顶部盖202相接触，如图2A和图2B所示。 Feedback from the normally closed (NC) switch, which indicates an overload of the piston 206 and the top cover 202 contacts, 2A and 2B.当泵200进入图2C中所示的过载状态时，开关断开，并且反馈被供给到驱动电路。 When the pump 200 enters the overload state diagram shown in 2C, switch off, and feedback is supplied to the drive circuit.如果在用于泵100的最大脉冲期间未接收到反馈，则出现错误并且泵200的操作可被停止。 If you do not receive the maximum period for feedback pulse pump 100, an error occurs and the operation of the pump 200 can be stopped.PIST0N-NC 211反馈被示为直接连接到顶部盖202，这表示顶部盖202或者是由导电材料（例如金属）制成或者是涂有适合的导电材料。 Feedback PIST0N-NC 211 is shown directly connected to the top cover 202, which represents the top of the cover 202, or by a conductive material (e.g., metal) is coated with or made of a suitable conductive material.如果给定泵的设计要求顶部盖202由绝缘材料制成，则PIST0N-NC211反馈可被移动到顶部盖202的内表面，以使PIST0N-NC 211反馈与处于图2A中所示的未启动状态下的过载活塞206直接接触。 If a given pump design requirements top cover 202 made of an insulating material, the PIST0N-NC211 feedback can be moved to the top of the inner surface of the cover 202, so that the feedback PIST0N-NC 211 and in a non-activated state shown in FIG. 2A Overload in direct contact with the piston 206.

[0043] 泵200的优点是基于来自（常闭）开关211的反馈而进行的故障检测（如果在最大脉冲持续期间中开关未被启动）。 Advantages [0043] The pump 200 is derived based on (normally closed) switch 211 of the feedback fault detection is performed (if the switch for the duration of the maximum pulse is not activated).由于在实现最大泵动作时终止了启动脉冲，因此泵还节约能量。 Since the maximum pump action when a start pulse is terminated, so the pump also saves energy.使能量消耗最小化对便携式胰岛素泵是极为重要的，这是因为这使得泵可使用的时间最大化，而不会给使用者带来不便。 Minimize the energy consumption of a portable insulin pump is extremely important, because it makes the time of the pump can be used to maximize, rather than give users the inconvenience.

[0044] 图2C示出了处于应力加载状态下的泵，其中形状记忆合金线208已充分地收缩以向下拉动过载活塞206，而不是向上抵靠在构置于壳体201内的止挡部上。 [0044] Figure 2C shows the pump in the stress loaded state, wherein the shape memory alloy wire 208 is sufficiently contract to pull the overload piston 206 downward, rather than upward abuts against the stopper mechanism disposed within the housing 201 portion.在这种状态下，壳体201、柱塞204、过载活塞206以及形状记忆合金线208受到应力。 In this state, the casing 201, plunger 204, overload shape memory alloy wire 206 and the piston 208 is subjected to stress.然而，该应力受限于过载活塞弹簧207的弹簧常数（k)，因此与图IC中所示的过载活塞106抵靠在壳体101的硬止挡部上的应力加载状态相比较，该应力降低了。 However, this stress is limited by the overload piston spring spring constant (k) 207, and thus the IC shown in FIG overload stress-loaded state of the hard case 101 abuts the stopper portion of the piston 106 as compared to the stress reduced.用于进一步降低已最小化的应力所用的方法是，终止从V+209触点经由形状记忆合金线208流至V-210触点的电流的一个脉冲或多个脉冲。 It used to further reduce the minimized stress method is used to terminate the V + 209 contacts the shape memory alloy wire 208 stream to a pulse V-210 contacts or more pulses of current through.这使得形状记忆合金线208停止收缩并因而降低泵200上的应力。 This makes the shape memory alloy wire 208 contracts and stops pump 200 thereby reducing the stress on.

[0045] 如图3A和图3B中所示，存在两种主要方法来终止对于形状记忆合金线208的一个脉冲或多个脉冲。 [0045] As shown in FIG. 3A and 3B, there are two main ways to terminate the shape memory alloy wire 208 of a pulse or a plurality of pulses.实际驱动电路是相同的，并且图3A与图3B之间的唯一区别在于下面所述的电压输出（Vout)和反馈连接。 The actual driving circuit is the same, and the only difference between FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B in that between the voltage below the output (Vout) and a feedback connection.每个驱动电路都连接到电源VCC 301以及连接于系统接地GND 302。 Each driver circuit is connected to the power supply VCC 301 and is connected to the system ground GND 302.每个驱动电路均具有从反馈到VCC 301的负载电阻R 303和从反馈到GND302的可选滤波或“防反跳”电容器（“debounce” capacitor) C 304。 Each driver circuit to have feedback from the VCC load resistor R 303 301 and from feedback to GND302 optional filtering or "Debounce" capacitors ("debounce" capacitor) C 304.反馈是数字式的，并且当出现大约为OV或GND 302(即开关被闭合）时检测到逻辑“0”，而当出现大约等于电源电压或VCC 301 (即当开关被断开时通过负载电阻R303的功能）时检测到逻辑“I”。 Feedback is digital, and detects a logic "0" when there is approximately OV or GND 302 (that is, the switch is closed), and when there is approximately equal to the supply voltage or VCC 301 (ie, when the switch is turned off by the load resistor R303 function detects a logic "I" when).如果不存在任选滤波或“防反跳”电容器C 304，则当开关由于与开关触点相关的机械振动而断开或闭合时，反馈可暂时振荡。 If there is no filter or an optional "Debounce" capacitor C 304, then when the switch due to mechanical vibration associated with the switch contacts open or close, feedback may temporarily oscillations.如果存在任选滤波或“防反跳”电容器C 304，则反馈实际检测电容器C 304上的电压，该电压不可能瞬时改变。 If there is an optional filtering or "Debounce" capacitor C 304, the feedback voltage actually detected on the capacitor C 304, the voltage can not change instantaneously.当开关闭合时电容器C 304将快速放电至大约OV或GND302 ;当开关断开时电容器将在与负载电阻R 303和电容器C 304的数值成比例的速率下充电至大约电源电压或VCC 301。 When the switch is closed will rapidly discharge the capacitor C 304 to about OV or GND302; when the switch is turned off capacitor will charge up to about a power supply voltage VCC 301 at a rate proportional to the value of the load resistor R 303 and a capacitor C 304.例如，量值为10，000欧姆（IOkQ)的负载电阻R 303和量值为IOOpF的电容器C 304应具有I微秒（I u sec)的时间常数并且反馈的状态应在大约2微秒（2i!Sec)之内从逻辑“0”改变为逻辑“1”，而不会有任何振荡(噪音，可能由驱动电路不适当地施加）施加在反馈上。 The time constant, for example, the magnitude of 10,000 ohms (IOkQ) the magnitude of the load resistor R 303 and a capacitor C 304 is IOOpF should I microseconds (I u sec) and feedback of status should be about 2 microseconds ( Within 2i! Sec) from the logic "0" to logic "1", without any oscillation (noise, might unduly applied by the drive circuit) is applied on the feedback.

[0046] 图3A中所示的第一种方法是，将PIST0N-NC 211连接至反馈以选通（gate)由驱动电路产生的驱动信号Vout，并且该驱动信号Vout连接到泵V+209触点。 The first method shown in [0046] Figure 3A is the PIST0N-NC 211 is connected to the feedback drive signal Vout to gate (gate) generated by the driving circuit, and the drive signal Vout is connected to a pump V + 209 contact point.当驱动电路接收到图2C中所示的进入过载状态的反馈时，则一个脉冲或多个脉冲可被终止，从而应力被减小并且节约了电能。 When the driving circuit shown in Fig. 2C is received into the overload state of the feedback, then a pulse or pulses may be terminated, so that the stress is reduced and saves energy.图3B中所示的第二种方法是，通过PIST0N-NC 211触点而不是通过V+209触点向泵200提供电力。 The second method shown in FIG. 3B is to provide power to the pump 200 through the contact PIST0N-NC 211 rather than through V + 209 contact.只要PIST0N-NC 211开关如图2C中所示那样断开，这种方法就自动地从形状记忆合金线208中去除电能。 Just PIST0N-NC 211 switches off, as shown in FIG 2C, this method 208 is automatically removed from the shape memory alloy wire electrical energy.如果反馈被忽略（即驱动电路被简化以去除反馈），则过载活塞206可在图2B中所示的状态与图2C中所示的状态之间振荡，直到来自于驱动电路的脉冲被终止并且仅实现部分电力节约。 If the feedback is ignored (i.e., the drive circuit is simplified to remove feedback), then the overload piston 206 can oscillate between states in the state shown in FIG. 2B and FIG 2C, the pulses from the driving circuit until terminated and realize only part of the power savings.如图3A所示，如果利用了反馈的话，则当驱动电路接收到图2C中所示的进入过载状态的反馈时，则脉冲可被终止以防止振荡，并与第一种方法中一样实现了最大电能节约。 When 3A, if the use of feedback, then when the driving circuit shown in Fig. 2C is received into the overload state of feedback, the pulse can be terminated in order to prevent oscillation, and as with the first method to achieve a maximum energy savings.

[0047] PIST0N-NC 211反馈的添加减小了泵中产生的总作用力，并允许泵被制造得更小、更轻，同时可靠性得以提高。 [0047] PIST0N-NC 211 added feedback reduces the total force generated in the pump and allow the pump to be made smaller and lighter, while the reliability can be improved.遗憾的是，如果柱塞204阻塞，则过载活塞将开始移动并提供表示泵在适当地操作的反馈。 Unfortunately, if the plunger 204 blocked, overload piston begins to move and provide feedback indicates the pump to operate properly.而且，阻塞的柱塞204可能导致胰岛素输送的输出量减小或为零，但在这种情况下，当实际上输送了不适当的剂量时，使用者（患者）还会误认为泵在正确地操作。 Furthermore, blocking of the plunger may cause the output 204 of reduced or zero insulin delivery, but in this case, when an inappropriate dose actually delivered, the user (patient) will be mistaken for correct pump operate.

[0048] 在图4A和4B的泵400中示出了本发明的另一个实施例。 [0048] In the pump 400 of FIGS. 4A and 4B is shown another embodiment of the present invention.泵400包含（更直接地）表示完全启动状态完成的反馈。 Pump 400 comprises (more directly) said he fully activated state complete feedback.泵400使用（PLUNGER-N0)开关411来表示柱塞404抵靠在上部止挡部上。 Pump 400 uses (PLUNGER-N0) switch 411 to represent the plunger 404 abuts against the upper stop on the stop unit.该开关取代开关211 (或与之结合），并且参照泵200描述的所有反馈控制和应力限制特征都存在于泵400中。 The switch replace switch 211 (or in combination), and 200 described with reference to the pump feedback control and stress limits all features are present in pump 400.图5中所示的驱动电路500与前面描述的驱动电路300相似。 The driving circuit 500 shown in FIG. 5 and the driving circuit 300 is similar to the previously described.如果柱塞未处在基于施加在致动器上的电势（potential)所预期位置上，泵400也可检测关于泵的故障，这也在前面描述过。 If the plunger is not in potential based on (potential) applied to the actuator of the expected position, the pump 400 can be detected on the pump failure, which is also described earlier.相似地，如果柱塞未处在基于施加在致动器上的电势所预期位置上，该泵也可检测阻塞。 Similarly, if the plunger is not in electrical potential is applied based on the expected actuator position, the pump may be detected obstruction.

[0049] 在图6A和6B的泵600中示出了本发明的另一个实施例。 [0049] FIG. 6A and 6B in the pump 600 is illustrated another embodiment of the present invention.泵600与泵400在功能上相同，但却没有过载活塞406和过载弹簧407。 Pump 600 and pump 400 is functionally the same, but it is not overloaded overload spring piston 406 and 407.由于没有这些零件，因此顶部盖607优选具有一定量的柔韧性（compliance，柔度，顺应性）并用作简化的弹簧。 In the absence of these parts, and therefore the top cover 607 preferably has a certain amount of flexibility (compliance, flexibility, compliance) and used as a spring simplified.泵600具有比泵400更少的零件，因此比泵400更轻、更小。 Pump 600 has fewer parts than the pump 400, and therefore, is smaller and lighter than the pump 400.更少零件通常还导致在泵的整个使用寿命期间提高可靠性。 Usually results in fewer parts throughout the life of the pump to improve reliability.

[0050] 在图7A和7B的泵700中示出了本发明的又一个实施例。 [0050] In view of the pump 700 7A and 7B, it is shown yet another embodiment of the present invention.泵700与泵600相似，具有反馈开关710(PLUNGER-NC)的附加优点，即，直接表示完全启动状态的完成并（在泵循环完成时）返回到未启动状态。 Pump 700 is similar to pump 600, having a feedback switch 710 (PLUNGER-NC) additional advantages, i.e., directly represents the state of complete and fully activated (upon completion of the pump cycle) to return to the non-activated state.由于泵700 “知道”何时泵循环完成（以及何时应该完成），因此“知道”何时存在故障，并且可在公知的容错设计中允许（accommodate)这种故障。 Since the pump 700 "knows" when to pump cycle is complete (and when should be done), so "know" when there is a fault, and may allow (accommodate) this failure in the known fault-tolerant design.容错既在于柱塞704动作的直接测定又在于确保在最大可容许的泵循环时间之后柱塞停靠在失效保护状态下（这也可表示泵系统中的主要阻塞）。 Fault-tolerant both to the direct determination of the plunger 704 and the operation is to ensure that after the maximum allowable plunger pump cycle time docked at the failsafe state (which can also be expressed in the main pump system blocking).如果供给到V-708触点的电力（GND)(通过串联开关）被切换为提供辅助容错（如一些泵送系统中那样），则附加的反馈也将表示V-708开关（出于清楚的目的而未示出）的状态，因为在串联电力开关闭合时开关710(PLUNGER-NC)的值将为OV而在串联电力开关被断开时开关710 (PLUNGER-NC)的值将为VCC。 If the V-708 is supplied to a power contact (GND) (through series switching) is switched to provide additional fault tolerance (as some of the pumping system), then it would represent an additional feedback switch V-708 (for clarity Objective not illustrated) of the state, since the value of the series power switch is closed the switch 710 (PLUNGER-NC) in the value for the switch OV 710 (PLUNGER-NC) when the series power switch is turned off will be VCC.如果在最大泵循环时间内柱塞不返回到完全降下状态，泵也可检测到阻塞。 If, within the maximum pump cycle time of the plunger does not return to the fully lowered state, the pump can be detected obstruction.

[0051] PLUNGER-NC 710反馈被示出为直接连接于柱塞盖703，这表示柱塞盖703或者由导电材料（例如金属）制成或者涂有适合的导电材料，与图2的顶部盖202相似。 [0051] PLUNGER-NC 710 feedback is shown as connected directly to the plunger cap 703, which means that the plunger or cover 703 made of a conductive material (e.g., metal) is made of or coated with a suitable electrically conductive material, with the top cover of Figure 2 202 similar.如果给定泵的设计要求柱塞盖703由绝缘材料制成，则PLUNGER-NC 710反馈可被移动到柱塞盖703的内表面，以使PLUNGER-NC 710反馈与处于图7A所示的未启动状态下的柱塞704直接接触。 If a given pump design requirements plunger cap 703 is made of an insulating material, the PLUNGER-NC 710 feedback can be moved to the inner surface of the plunger cap 703, so that the feedback PLUNGER-NC 710 shown in FIG. 7A and not Plunger start state 704 in direct contact.图8中所示的驱动电路800与前述的驱动电路相似。 The driving circuit shown in FIG. 8 800 similar to the aforementioned driving circuit.泵700和驱动电路800包括用于容错系统的最小结构。 Pump 700 and drive circuit 800 includes a minimum configuration for fault-tolerant systems.下面描述的所有线性反馈技术均在增加了成本和复杂性的代价下添 All linear feedback techniques described below are increasing the cost and complexity of the cost under Tim

[0053] 前面所述的泵的实施例还可包括直接表示出柱塞位置的线性反馈。 [0053] The previously described embodiment the pump may also include a direct feedback of the plunger linear position shown.线性反馈可为模拟的或数字的，并用于检测柱塞的位置。 Linear feedback may be analog or digital, and for detecting the position of the plunger.线性反馈也可基于泵各个操作阶段过程中柱塞的位置指示是否存在故障。 Linear feedback can also be based on various stages of operation during pump plunger position indicates whether there is a fault.线性反馈系统可使用导电编码标记。 Linear feedback system may use a conductive encoding tag.这是检查柱塞位置的简单且经济的方式。 This is to check the position of the plunger is simple and economical manner.可替换地，也可使用利用光学编码标记的光学位置感测。 Alternatively, you can use the optical position sensing using optical encoded indicia.这更精确但也更复杂和昂贵。 This is more accurate but also more complex and expensive.

[0054] 图9A和9B示出了本发明的另一实施例泵900。 [0054] Figures 9A and 9B illustrate another embodiment of the present invention, the pump 900 implemented.泵900与泵700相似，但除开关提供的反馈外还使用直接线性反馈。 Pump 900 and pump 700 is similar, but in addition to the switch to provide feedback but also use the direct linear feedback.该反馈包含在图中所示的线性反馈信号（LINEAR-FB)911中。 This feedback contains a linear feedback signal (LINEAR-FB) 911 as shown in the figure.线性反馈也可用于检测泵的充注（priming)，随后将参照图11对其进行描述。 Linear feedback can also be used to detect pump filling (priming), subsequently be described with reference to FIG. 11.

[0055] 图9C示出了位置编码的一个可能的实施例，即一种提供线性反馈的方法。 [0055] FIG. 9C shows a possible position encoder embodiment, that is, a method of providing linear feedback.在该实施例中，编码方案使用导电编码标记。 In this embodiment, the encoding scheme using a conductive encoding marks.产生编码格（encoding grid)的一种方式是，利用丝网印刷在导电表面上的绝缘漆来绝缘某些区域。 Generating encoding format (encoding grid) One way is to use the screen-printed on the conductive surface of the insulating paint to the insulating certain areas.该导电涂层应位于移动部分的侧部上。 The conductive coating should be located on the side of the moving part.例如，导电涂层可直接位于活塞上或位于活塞的附件上。 For example, the conductive coating can be directly or attachments on the piston on the piston.编码格的黑色区域是其顶部上没有漆料的金属表面。 Encoding format black area is no paint on top of the metal surface.编码格的白色区域涂覆有绝缘漆。 White areas coated with an insulating paint encoding format.顶部处的黑色行（长导电带）是参考接地。 Black line at the top (long conductive tape) is referenced to ground.当触点930接触黑色方块时它们短路接地。 When the contact 930 contacts the black squares are shorted to ground.当对地短路时称它们构成“1”，而当对地未短路时称它们构成“O”。 When shorted to ground said they constitute a "1", and said that they constitute "O" when the ground is not short-circuited.如果需要的话该逻辑也可颠倒过来。 If desired, the logic can be reversed.

[0056] 在图9C中所示的位置中，接地触点与最高有效位（MSB)触点以及最低有效位(LSB)绝缘。 [0056] In the position shown in FIG. 9C, the ground contact and the most significant bit (MSB) and least significant bit contact (LSB) insulation.因此，其处于位置0( 二进制位置00)。 Therefore, it is in position 0 (binary position 00).当该移动部分在触点930下面向左滑动时，则位置I ( 二进制位置01)将接着被感测到。 When the slide to the left of the mobile part 930 under the contact, the position I (binary position 01) will then be sensed.当该部分再次向左滑动时，则位置2( 二进制位置10)将接着被感测到，依此类推。 When this part of the slide to the left again, the position 2 (binary position 10) will then be sensed, and so on.为了示出的目的，图9C示出了4个位置，S卩，编码的2个二进制位。 For illustrative purposes, Figure 9C shows four positions, S Jie, encoding two bits.然而，也可将其扩展为任意数量的位置。 However, it can be extended to any number of positions.例如，32个位置应需要5个二进制位。 For example, 32 positions should require 5 bits.该数字化位置感测可用于活塞的数字反馈和控制，因此可用于控制活塞的位置和被输送的胰岛素的量。 The digitized position sensing can be used for digital feedback and control piston and therefore can be used for the amount of the position of the piston and the delivery of insulin control.

[0057] 可使用光学编码取代上述导电编码。 [0057] an optical encoder can be used in place of the conductive coding.取代短路触点，光学传感器（例如，LED+光电池）用来感测是否存在闪亮金属或者是否存在吸收光线的黑色漆料。 Substituted shorting contact, an optical sensor (e.g., LED + photocell) for sensing the presence or absence or the presence or absence of shiny metal light absorbing black paint.

[0058] 图9D中示出了对于图9C中所示的编码进行的微小改变。 [0058] FIG. 9D shows a minor change to the coding shown in Fig. 9C performed.在图9D中编码标记或二进制位位于灰色编码中。 In FIG. 9D encoding tag or bits located in gray coding.也就是说，每一位置只允许一个二进制位改变。 That is, each position allows only one bit change.灰色编码具有本领域公知的若干有利特性。 Gray coding has several advantageous features of the present known in the art.

[0059] 随着时间的过去，可能出现触点和各种其它零件的退化。 [0059] Over time, contacts and various other parts of degradation may occur.例如，触点可被弄脏、磨损或损坏，并且污染物可造成错误的触点读取等。 For example, the contact may be soiled, worn or damaged, and contaminants can cause false contacts read like.这通常导致误差或错读。 This usually results in an error or wrong reading.有各种方式来使得误差最小化以及校正可能发生的各种误差。 There are various ways to minimize such errors and correct various errors that may occur.在一种方法中，对表面增加辅助的二进制位。 In one method, the surface of adding additional binary bits.可增加一个单独的二进制位（称作奇偶校验位）来检查一些类型的误差。 Increase a single bit (called a parity bit) to check some types of errors.可增加多个二进制位以用于更多的误差保护。 Increase the number of binary bits for additional error protection.通过若干增加的二进制位，既可检测误差又可校正误差。 By number of additional bits, it can detect the error can be corrected errors.关于这点的措施是本领域中公知的汉明距离（Hamming distance)。 On this point the measure is well known in the art Hamming distance (Hamming distance).简要地说，汉明距离可被理解为将一个字符串变成另一个字符串所需要的改变的二进制位的数量。 Briefly, the Hamming distance can be understood as a string into another string needed to change the number of binary bits.有时使用字符数来代替二进制位的数量。 The number of characters is sometimes used instead of the number of bits.

[0060] 误差检测和校正理论是用作一部分无线电通信理论的公知科学，并可应用于本发明的编码和位置识别机构。 [0060] The error detection and correction theory is used as part of a well-known radio communication science theory can be applied to encode and position recognition mechanism of the present invention.这包括BCH编码、奇偶校验码、以及RS码等。 This includes the BCH code, parity code, RS code, and the like.图9E的系统包括奇偶校验码，该奇偶校验码可用于编码在移动物体上的误差校正。 System of Figure 9E includes parity, the parity can be used to encode the error correction on a moving object.

[0061] 可通过为两个塑料绝缘表面电镀金属，或可替换地，简单地提供两个金属表面而进行位置的模拟感测。 [0061] by two plastic-insulated metal surface plating, or alternatively, simply providing two metal surfaces to simulate the sensed position.这两个表面用作电容偏板，并一起构成电容器。 These two surfaces as capacitor plate, and together constitute a capacitor.一个电容偏板应为静止的，而另一个电容偏板应为包含活塞的移动组件的一部分。 A capacitor plate should be stationary, while the other capacitor plate should be included as part of the movement of the piston assembly.测得的电容与电容偏板之间的距离成比例，因此可用于测量活塞的位置。 Distance proportional to the measured capacitance between the capacitor plate, it can be used to measure the position of the piston.这种模拟位置感测可用于移动部的反馈和控制。 This simulation can be used for position sensing and controlling the mobile unit's feedback.

[0062] 也可通过磁测量而实现位置的模拟感测，所述磁测量通过为移动部增加磁体并在静止部上感测而进行。 [0062] can also be achieved by measuring the magnetic analog sensing position, the magnetic measurement by increasing magnet for mobile unit and the stationary unit and be sensed.与上述电容测量相似，磁场将根据移动部与静止部之间的距离而改变。 Similar to the above-described capacitance measurement, the magnetic field will be based on the distance between the mobile unit and the stationary portion is changed.因此，磁性传感器可用于测量活塞的位置并且这种类型的模拟位置感测可用于移动部的反馈和控制。 Thus, the magnetic sensor can be used to measure the piston position and positional sense this type of simulation can be used to measure and control the movement feedback portion.一种类型的公知磁性传感器为霍耳效应传感器，但也可使用任何磁性传感器。 One type of known magnetic sensor is a Hall effect sensor, but you can use any magnetic sensor.

[0063] 可使用电阻测定来执行模拟线性反馈。 [0063] to simulate linear feedback can be used to perform resistance measurement.与电位计相似，随着沿柱塞长度进行更远的测量，将具有不同的电阻值。 Similar to a potentiometer, with the farther along the length of the plunger measurements, will have different resistance values.换句话说，电阻将随电流必须经过的距离而增加。 In other words, the resistance increases as the distance the current must travel.

[0064] 线性反馈的使用具有许多优点。 Use [0064] linear feedback has many advantages.使用线性反馈的一个优点是，驱动电路可以以较高的精确度“伺服”柱塞或控制柱塞的位置或行程。 One advantage of using a linear feedback is that the drive circuit can be relatively high accuracy "servo" or plunger positions or plunger stroke control.因此，部分柱塞行程可用于给出更精细的剂量输送，并且所述剂量可为泵缸容积的任意分数。 Thus, part of the piston stroke can be used to give finer dose delivery, and the dose can be any fraction of the volume of the pump cylinder.通过测量和控制柱塞移动可变尺寸而不是仅测量和控制离散（不连续，discrete)容积，可分配剂量。 By measuring and controlling movement of the plunger variable size rather than just measuring and control discrete (not continuous, discrete) volume can be assigned dose.另外，不仅可在不理想时（如泵700中）检测部分柱塞行程，而且还可测量部分行程的容积并将其与预期容积相比较，由此增加了故障解决办法。 Further, not only in unsatisfactory (e.g. pump 700) detecting portion of the plunger stroke, but also the partial stroke volume measured and compared with the expected volume, thereby increasing the breakdown solution.例如，如果认为发生了完整行程并输送了一定容积，则系统可检测出泵送了少于期望的量并补偿缺少的量或通过报告的误差的测量值来显示故障状态。 For example, if you think that happened a complete travel and transport a certain volume, the system can detect the amount of pumping up less than expected and the lack of compensation by measuring the amount or value of the error report to show the fault condition.具有位置检测和控制的泵比不具有位置检测和控制的泵具有更大的容错性。 Pump with position detection and control than without position detection and control of pumps with greater fault tolerance.例如，如果出于某种原因而难以获得完整行程范围的某一部分的话，泵可控制该行程而仅使用可得到的范围。 For example, if for some reason it is difficult to get a part of the complete range of travel, then the stroke of the pump can be controlled using only the available range.这能够在泵上提供无法估价的额外操作时间，否则，泵会是故障的或不起作用的泵。 This can provide invaluable extra operating time on the pump, otherwise the pump will be ineffective or pump failure.对于必须具有胰岛素的糖尿病患者来说，该时间的价值是性命攸关的。 For diabetics must have insulin, it is worth the time, life and death.

[0065] 充注、容错、和伺服控制 [0065] filling, fault tolerance, and servo control

[0066] 对于基本泵设计的另一项改进是作为整个泵送系统的操作的指示而不仅仅是柱塞的适当功能的指示来监控反馈。 [0066] For indicating the basic design of the pump as an indication Another improvement is the operation of the entire pumping system, not just the plunger to monitor the proper functioning of the feedback.图IlA示出了“充注”之前的泵，其中在通向患者的泵送系统中存在空气，所述泵送系统包括管和输液装置（连接于使用者的部分，在该部分处胰岛素被输送到使用者的组织）。 Figure IlA shows "filling" Before the pump, where there is air in the pumping system to the patient, the pumping system includes a tube and infusion device (connected to the user's part, the part of the insulin is delivered to the user organization).

[0067] 以泵900为例，尽管在其它实施例（诸如泵700)中的应用也是可行的，如图9A所示，在t = 0时刻（初始时刻参考值），泵900被启动（如果有的话V-908开关被启用并且电力通过驱动电路1000被施加给V+907触点）。 [0067] In the pump 900 as an example, although in other embodiments (such as a pump 700) in the application are also possible, as shown in FIG. 9A, at time t = 0 (initial time reference value), the pump 900 is activated (if any V-908 and the power switch is enabled through the drive circuit 1000 is applied to the V + 907 contacts).在t = I时刻，柱塞904开始移动并且PLUNGER-NC 910从逻辑“0”向逻辑“I”改变状态以表示柱塞904移动。 At time t = I, the plunger 904 begins to move and PLUNGER-NC 910 from a logic "0" to a logical "I" changes state to indicate that the plunger 904 to move.在t = 2时刻，柱塞904启动PLUNGER-N0 909触点，PLUNGER-N0 909触点从逻辑“I”向逻辑“0”改变状态以表示柱塞904已实现了完整的向上行程，如图9B所示。 In time t = 2, the plunger 904 starts PLUNGER-N0 909 contacts, PLUNGER-N0 909 contacts from a logic "I" to a logical "0" change state to indicate that the plunger 904 has achieved a complete upstroke, as 9B.这使得经由反馈（FB-NO)通过驱动电路1000去除电力，并且紧接着，柱塞开始落下并且PLUNGER-N0 909触点从逻辑“0”返回逻辑“I”改变状态，如驱动电路1000反馈所确定的那样。 This makes it via the feedback (FB-NO) by removing the power driver circuit 1000, and immediately, the plunger starts to fall and contact PLUNGER-N0 909 returns the logical "I" from a logic "0" state change, such as the drive circuit 1000 Feedback as determined.在t = 3时刻，柱塞904已完成了完整的泵循环并且PLUNGER-NC 910从逻辑“I”返回逻辑“0”改变状态以表示完整泵循环的完成，如图9A中再次示出（这时，如果有的话V-908串联电力开关是不能用的，以防止由于噪音或其它系统误差导致的可能的泵“失灵”）。 At time t = 3, the plunger 904 has completed a complete pump cycle and PLUNGER-NC 910 returns a logical "0" from logic "I" changes state to indicate the completion of a complete cycle of the pump, is shown again in FIG. 9A (this When, if ever V-908 series power switch is not used, to prevent possible pump systems due to noise or other errors due to "failure").数字式反馈提供了简单清楚的故障显不。 Digital feedback provides a simple failure was not clear.[0068] 在图IlB中示出了相同的循环，其中泵送系统处于完全充注状态并与图IlA中所示的未充注状态相比较操作。 [0068] In FIG IlB shown in the same cycle in which the pumping system is completely filled with the state and not filling state diagram shown IlA comparing operation.图IlA中从t = I至t = 2的时间比图IlB中的短，因为泵900、特别是柱塞904从容器中抽出与胰岛素成比例的空气。 FIG IlA from t = I t = time to 2 than in FIG IlB short, because the pump 900, the plunger 904 in particular, insulin extracted with proportional air from the container.这可归因于其中从系统中清除空气的初始充注或归因于容器故障。 This is attributable to purge air from the system in which the initial charge or fault attributable to the vessel.相似地，图IlA中从t = 2至t = 3的时间比图IlB中的短，因为泵900、特别是柱塞904通过管和输液装置推出与胰岛素成比例的空气。 Similarly, Figure IlA from t = 2 to t = 3 is longer than the short Figure IlB, because the pump 900, in particular through the tube and plunger 904 Release insulin infusion device is proportional to air.事实上，从t = 2至t = 3的时间可用于检测已准备好插入的完全充注的泵。 In fact, from t = 2 to t = 3 the time is ready to be used to detect the insertion of a completely filled pump.如果管或输液装置在插入之后损坏的话，则从t = 2至t = 3的时间将减少并可将检测出故障。 If the tube or infusion device after insertion is damaged, from t = 2 to t = 3 the time will be reduced and will detect the fault.这种现象与在汽车上的液压刹车管线中具有空气的影响相似，其中由于空气相对于流体的可压缩性而使得闸感觉到柔软。 This phenomenon has the effect of air in a hydraulic brake line similar to the car, since the air with respect to which the fluid compressibility and makes brake feel soft.对泵进行充注与使闸“放液卸压（bleed)”相似。 Filling the pump and make brake "subretinal fluid pressure relief (bleed)" similar.当泵被充注时耗费更多能量来推动流体通过管和输液装置。 When the pump is filled consume more energy to push the fluid through the tube and infusion devices.当胰岛素被推入到使用者身体（组织）中时该应力更加增大。 When insulin is pushed to the user's body (tissue) when the stress is further increased.由于柱塞904由柱塞弹簧906驱动，因此额外力变得与时间相关，并在从t =2至t = 3时被测量。 Since the plunger 904 is driven by a plunger spring 906, so the extra force becomes associated with the time and from t = 2 to t = measured 3:00.

[0069] 事实上，上述充注技术可用于在微处理器150A的控制下自动地充注泵。 [0069] In fact, the above filling techniques can be used in the control of the microprocessor 150A automatically filling pump.胜于使使用者人工地充注泵并且当流体（诸如胰岛素）开始从输液装置（未示出）的尖端冒出时停止充注泵，泵可使用上述反馈自动地充注泵并可选地请求使用者确定充注完成。 Better than making the user manually filling pump and when the fluid (such as insulin) starting from the infusion device (not shown) at the tip stop the filling pump out, pump the feedback can be used to automatically filling pump and optionally request the user to determine the charge is complete.充注可包括整个输液装置或泵的其它附件，不只包含泵本身。 Filling may include other attachments entire infusion device or pump includes not only the pump itself.这种增强对于年纪小的泵使用者和视力减退或视力不佳的人来说是尤为重要的。 This enhancement pump for younger users and visually impaired people or poor vision is particularly important.那些使用者可依赖自动充注并可通过在液体排出待充注的终点时感觉液体而（可选地）确定充注。 Those users can rely on the automatic filling and through the feeling when the liquid discharge end of the liquid to be filled and (optionally) determine the filling.

[0070] 该自动充注技术也以与其它泵送系统相似的方式应用。 [0070] The automated filling technology to other pumping systems in a manner similar applications.例如，在具有步进电机的注射泵系统上，当监控时供给到电机的电力为以与柱塞弹簧906所做的功相似的方式由电机所做的功的显示。 For example, in the injection pump system with a stepping motor, the supply to the motor when the power to the monitor with the plunger spring work done by the motor functions in a similar manner made 906 display.该功将由用于测量电机电流的分流电阻器监控，或者可选地电池或电源中的下降将被监控以指示出电机所使用的电力以及泵所做的功。 This function will be used to measure the motor current monitoring shunt resistor, or alternatively a battery or power supply drop will be monitored to indicate the power used by the motor and pump work done.

[0071] 图IlC示出了输入阻塞（在时间上从t = I增加至t = 2)和输出阻塞（在时间上从t = 2增加至t = 3)的发生和检测。 [0071] FIG IlC shows the input blocking (in time from t = I increased to t = 2) and the output blocking (in time from t = 2 is increased to t = 3) the occurrence and detection.该系统优选说明电路改变和电池电压下降，因此这些条件被错误地解释为输入或输出阻塞。 The system preferably description circuit changes and the battery voltage drops, so these conditions are misinterpreted as input or output blocked.

[0072] 柱塞或活塞的驱动可被改进或伺服控制，以使泵更有效地操作并减小泵上的应力。 [0072] The drive plunger or piston may be modified or servo-controlled to the pump to operate more efficiently and reduce the stress on the pump.这将实现了具有提高的可靠性的更小和更轻的泵。 This will achieve a smaller and lighter pumps with improved reliability.

[0073] 图12A是示出了随时间变化的泵的操作的图表。 [0073] FIG. 12A is a graph showing changes over time operation of the pump.图12A中的时刻对应于图IlB中所示的时刻。 FIG. 12A corresponds to the time moment IlB shown in FIG.如线性反馈信号911所示，位置的改变率随时间的过去而增加，直到在t = 2时刻活塞到达其行程的顶部。 As shown in the linear feedback signal 911, the rate of change of the position increases with time in the past until the time t = 2 the piston reaches the top of its stroke.在活塞碰撞硬止挡部时这会产生较大应力。 When the hard stop piston impact block unit which will have a greater stress.

[0074] 图12B是示出了随时间变化的泵的操作，其中活塞运动被调整以便于在其碰撞硬止挡部之前降低活塞的加速度和速度。 [0074] FIG. 12B is a graph showing a change with time of operation of the pump, wherein the piston is adjusted so that the collision before the hard stop portion which reduces the acceleration and velocity of the piston.这将减小泵的所有移动部遭遇的应力量。 This will reduce the pump all mobile unit encounters should force.在t =0. 5时刻，来自于驱动电路1000的电力被减小以降低t = 2时刻的应力（冲击）。 At t = 0. 5 in time, the power from the drive circuit 1000 is reduced to reduce the stress time t = 2 (shock).这可包括施加到形状记忆元件的电位的脉宽调制（PWM)。 This may include a pulse width modulation potential applied to the shape memory element (PWM).例如，PWM率可被调节为新值或每隔一特定曲线而改变。 For example, PWM rate can be adjusted to the new value or every particular curve and change.通过增加临时的小的能量脉冲，对于活塞动作的相似改进可改变导向t =3的曲线，从而减慢柱塞904的下降。 By adding a small temporary energy pulses, the operation is similar to the piston guide can be changed to improve the curve t = 3, thereby slowing the decline of the plunger 904.

[0075] 尽管已参照其示例性实施例描述了本发明的各个方面，但应该理解的是，本发明有权在所附权利要求的所有范围内受到保护。 [0075] Despite the reference to exemplary embodiments describe various aspects of the present invention, it should be understood that the invention is entitled to all within the scope of the appended claims be protected.