ALTERNATIVE TEXT

Figures

Figure 1. Graph. Example
electrical schematic of voltage divider.

This figure is an electrical schematic of the resistive voltage
divider necessary to divide the high voltage output from the
function generator and generate the millivolt signal. This
schematic is only to be used when the function generator does not
have a low voltage output that follows the high voltage. The input
to this circuit is the voltage from the function generator (not
shown in this figure). The circuit simply consists of a resistor
from which the high voltage output is obtained from the top of the
resistor divider. This relatively high voltage is then fed to the
unconditioned channel (reference) or the oscilloscope for
monitoring. The low voltage output is obtained from the bottom of
the resistor divider and this signal is used as the input signal to
the conditioned channel being tested.

Figure 2. Chart. Example of
micrometer reading versus displacement.

This figure displays an example plot of micrometer deformation
in millimeters on the X-axis versus deformation device readings in
millimeters on the Y-axis. Both X- and Y-axes range from negative
3.000 to 3.000 millimeters with 1-millimeter increments and cross
at the zero origin. A regression line, Y = 0.99364 times X plus
0.00149, is fitted to the data points with coefficient of
determination (R squared) equal to 0.999. The regression line
appears to be straight, about thirty degrees counterclockwise from
the X-axis; going from the third quadrant, passing through the
origin, into the first quadrant.

Figure 3. Graph. Sample 445
newtons proving ring loading pattern.

This figure shows an example graph of 445 newtons proving ring
load pattern. Time interval for the proving ring load to be applied
is on the horizontal X-axis ranging from 0 to 500 seconds with
100-second increments. Proving ring load in newtons is on the
vertical Y-axis ranging from 0 to 450 newtons with 50-newton
increments. In the chart, a sinusoidal (pulse) line with increasing
amplitude starts from the origin. The pulse-like line has multiple
peaks increasing from 50 newtons to 450 newtons during the time
interval between 5 and 400 seconds.

Figure 4. Graph. Example of
proving ring versus load cell check.

In this figure, proving ring load in newtons is the horizontal
X-axis ranging from 0 to 400 newtons with 100-newton increments.
Load cell load in newtons is the vertical Y-axis ranging from 0 to
400 newtons with 50-newton increments. In the chart, an
approximately 30-degree solid straight line (replicate 1) falls in
between the dashed upper and lower limit lines.

Figure 5. Graph. Example of
proving ring versus LVDT check.

In this figure, proving ring load deformation in millimeters is
the horizontal X-axis ranging from 0 to 2.5 millimeters with 0.5
millimeters increment. Load cell load deformation in millimeters is
the vertical Y-axis ranging from 0 to 2.5 millimeters with 0.5
millimeters increment. In the chart, an approximately 40-degree
solid straight line (replicate 1) falls in between the dashed upper
and lower limit lines.

Figure 6. Graph. Example of load
pulse analysis.

Time interval for the 445 newton proving ring load to be applied
is the horizontal X-axis ranging from 24.92 to 25.08 seconds with
0.02-second increments. Proving ring load in newtons is the
vertical Y-axis ranging from 0 to 450 newtons with 50-newton
increments. In the chart, an actual pulse data line, denoted by
solid diamond dots, starts at 50 newtons around 24.94 seconds,
peaks at 400 newtons around 24.99 seconds, and drops to 50 newtons
around 25.04 seconds. The theoretical pulse line, denoted by blank
diamond dots, closely approximates the actual data line. Both the
actual and theoretical pulse lines fall within the maximum and
minimum acceptance band limits.

Figure 7. Graph. Example of
deformation response analysis.

In this figure, time is on the horizontal X-axis ranging from
0.48 to 0.62 seconds with 0.02-second increments. Deformation is on
the vertical Y-axis ranging from 0 to 0.18 millimeters with
0.02-millimeter increments. In the chart, the theoretical
deformation line is a single pulse falling in between the maximum
and minimum acceptance bands. The actual deformation pulse line
skews to the left with most of its data points falling out of the
acceptance band limits.

In this figure, cyclic load in newtons is on the horizontal
X-axis ranging from 0 to 300 newtons with 50-newton increments.
Deformation in millimeters is on the vertical Y-axis ranging from 0
to 0.45 millimeters with 0.05 millimeters increments. In the chart,
two approximately 30-degree data lines (deformation inside
transducer and outside transducer) fall in between the dashed upper
(positive 5 percent) and lower (negative 5 percent) limit
lines.

In this figure, time in seconds is on the horizontal X-axis
ranging from 0 to 2 seconds with 0.5-second increments. Newtons is
on the vertical Y-axis ranging from 0 to 400 newtons with 50-newton
increments. In the chart, a sine pulse line, starting at 0 seconds
and 225 N, goes up and down for 2 seconds.

Figure 10. Graph. Example of
load versus time check.

In this figure, time interval for the 445 newton proving ring
load to be applied is on the horizontal X-axis ranging from 0.4 to
0.7 seconds with 0.05-second increments. Proving ring load in
newtons is the vertical Y-axis ranging from 0 to 900 newtons with
100-newton increments. In the chart, an actual pulse data line
peaks at 750 newtons around 0.46 seconds, which closely matches the
theoretical pulse line. Both the actual and theoretical pulse lines
fall within the maximum and minimum acceptance band limits.

Figure 11. Graph. Example of
deformation response analysis, type 1.

In this figure, time is on the horizontal X-axis ranging from
0.48 to 0.62 seconds with 0.02-second increments. Deformation is
the vertical Y-axis ranging from 0 to 0.18 millimeters with 0.02
millimeters increments. In the chart, the theoretical deformation
line is a single pulse falling in between the maximum and minimum
acceptance bands. The actual deformation pulse line skews to the
left with most of its data points falling out of the acceptance
band limits.

Figure 12. Graph Example of P46
type 1 (base/subbase) results.

In this figure, deviator stress is on the horizontal X-axis
ranging from 0 to 300 kilopascals with 50-kilopascal increments.
Resilient modulus in kilopascals is on the vertical Y-axis ranging
from 0 to 400,000 kilopascals with 50,000-kilopascal increments. In
the chart, five 15 to 30-degree straight data lines, going from
lower left to upper right, cascade from the upper right to the
lower left. The middle points of the five data lines fall on
330,000, 275,000, 225,000, 150,000, and 100,000 kilopascals,
respectively.