1.
1139 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1139 in Ireland. Early - Malachy, Bishop of Down, begins his first journey to Rome, via Scotland, England and he petitions Pope Innocent II for pallia for the Sees of Armagh and Cashel, and is appointed native legate for Ireland. Malachy gives the previously Benedictine St. Marys Abbey, Dublin, course of River Suck diverted by Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht

2.
Ireland
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Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth. Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, in 2011, the population of Ireland was about 6.4 million, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland, the islands geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild, thick woodlands covered the island until the Middle Ages. As of 2013, the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11% of the total, there are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland. The Irish climate is moderate and classified as oceanic. As a result, winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, however, summers are cooler than those in Continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant, the earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC. Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century CE, the island was Christianised from the 5th century onward. Following the Norman invasion in the 12th century, England claimed sovereignty over Ireland, however, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, with the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s and this subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom, Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the fields of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, an indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music. The culture of the island shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing. The name Ireland derives from Old Irish Eriu and this in turn derives from Proto-Celtic *Iveriu, which is also the source of Latin Hibernia. Iveriu derives from a root meaning fat, prosperous, during the last glacial period, and up until about 9000 years ago, most of Ireland was covered with ice, most of the time

3.
1144
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Year 1144 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Catalan mercenary Reverter de La Guardia, the main Almoravid commander in the Maghrid al-Aqsa and his elimination opens the regions to the troops of the Almohads. December 24 – The County of Edessa falls to Zengi of Mosul, Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch, sends Bishop Hugh of Jabala to seek the aid of Pope Eugene III, while Manuel I Comnenus brings Raymond under Byzantine influence. Louis VII of France capitulates to Pope Celestine II, and so earns the popes absolution, normandy comes under Angevin control, under Geoffrey of Anjou. The city of Montauban, France, is founded, the city of Ljubljana, Slovenia, is first mentioned in historical records. Giordano Pierleoni founds the revolutionary Commune of Rome, the Byzantines fail to reconquer Malta. March 12 – Pope Lucius II succeeds Pope Celestine II, as the 166th pope, March 22 – The first example of an anti-Semitic blood libel is recorded in England, in connection with the murder of William of Norwich. June 11 – The Basilica of St Denis near Paris, in the Kingdom of France, is consecrated, the Priory in Lesmahagow, Scotland, is founded by the Benedictines. The first Knights Templar stronghold is established in the Kingdom of León, bohemund III of Antioch March 8 – Pope Celestine II March 22 – William of Norwich, English child murder victim September – Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex

4.
High King of Ireland
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The High Kings of Ireland were sometimes historical and sometimes legendary figures who had, or who are claimed to have had, lordship over the whole of Ireland. Medieval and early modern Irish literature portrays an almost unbroken sequence of High Kings, ruling from the Hill of Tara over a hierarchy of lesser kings, stretching back thousands of years. The concept of kingship is first articulated in the 7th century, but only became a political reality in the Viking Age. Early Irish kingship was sacred in character, in the early narrative literature a king is a king because he marries the sovereignty goddess, is free from blemish, enforces symbolic buada and avoids symbolic geasa. According to 7th and 8th century law tracts, a hierarchy of kingship and clientship progressed from the rí tuaithe through the ruiri to a rí ruirech. Each king ruled directly only within the bounds of his own petty kingdom and was responsible for ensuring good government by exercising fír flaithemon. His responsibilities included convening its óenach, collecting taxes, building works, external relations, defence, emergency legislation, law enforcement. The lands in a petty kingdom were held allodially by various fine of freemen, the king occupied the apex of a pyramid of clientship within the petty kingdom. This pyramid progressed from the population at its base up to the heads of noble fine held in immediate clientship by the king. Thus the king was drawn from the dominant fine within the cenél, the kings of the Ulster Cycle are kings in this sacred sense, but it is clear that the old concept of kingship coexisted alongside Christianity for several generations. Diarmait mac Cerbaill, king of Tara in the middle of the 6th century, diarmait died at the hands of Áed Dub mac Suibni, some accounts from the following century state that he died by the mythic Threefold death appropriate to a sacral king. Adomnáns Life tells how Saint Columba forecast the same death for Áed Dub, a second sign that sacred kingship did not disappear with the arrival of Christianity is the supposed lawsuit between Congal Cáech, king of the Ulaid, and Domnall mac Áedo. Congal was supposedly blinded in one eye by Domnalls bees, from whence his byname Cáech, the business of Irish succession is rather complicated because of the nature of kingship in Ireland before the Norman take-over of 1171. Ireland was divided into a multiplicity of kingdoms, with some kings owing allegiance to others from time to time, Kings were often succeeded by their sons, but often other branches of the dynasty took a turn—whether by agreement or by force of arms is rarely clear. Unfortunately the king-lists and other sources reveal little about how. To add to the uncertainty, genealogies were often edited many generations later to improve an ancestors standing within a kingdom, the uncertain practices in local kingship cause similar problems when interpreting the succession to the high kingship. The High King of Ireland was essentially a ceremonial, pseudo-federal overlord, in the case of the southern branch of the Uí Neill, this would have been the Kingdom of Meath. High Kings from the northern branch ruled various kingdoms in what became the province of Ulster

5.
Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair
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Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair, anglicised Turlough Mór OConnor / OConor, was King of Connacht and High King of Ireland. The youngest son of Ruaidrí na Saide Buide, his mother was Mór and his brothers were Niall, Tadc, Conchobar, Domnall, King of Connacht. There was at least one sister, Dubhchobhlaigh Bean Ua hEaghra of Luighne Connacht, Ruaidrí was married to four or more women. Tairrdelbachs brothers Tadc and Domnall both gaining the kingship at different times, but depended upon the support of Ua Briain, in 1106, with the support of his uncle Muirchertach Ua Briain, eighteen-year-old Tairrdelbach deprived his older brother Domnall of the kingship of Connacht. Tairrdelbach carefully maintained his alliance with Ua Briain, sending troops to aid the king against the Ui Ruaric of Bréifne in 1109. But he was determined to defend his kingdom against predators such as Domnall Mac Lochlainn. Tairrdelbach constructed Dún Gaillimhe in 1124, a small settlement grew up around this fort and eventually this developed into Galway city. The Cross of Cong, made at the behest of Tairrdelbach was designed to be placed on top of a staff or crosier. It was made for the Cathedral church at Tuam, the cross was subsequently moved to Cong Abbey. He is also believed to have refounded Cong Abbey ca, Tairrdelbach has been summed up as follows, was fifty years King of Connacht, one of the longest reigns of any European monarch. Leading armies and navies all over Éire. subjugating entire kingdoms, a superb military commander by any standards, his victory at Móin Mór in 1151 was among the most decisive in Irish history, inflicting 7000 enemy casualties. An innovative tyrant, his creation of castles was novel in Éire. as was his apparent wish to introduce male primogeniture, commercial and political networks connected him with fellow-rulers in Britain, Francia, and Scandinavia. He reorganised lordships and kingdoms as suited him, carving out a personal domain within Connacht. Dún Mór was its caput, Tuaim Dá Ghualann the seat of its archbishop, quite an achievement for what is percieved as the timeless western fringe of twelfth-century Europe, but was a dynamic society ruled as aggressively as those in feudal Europe. Despite giving hostages to Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn in 1150, and thereby ceasing to be King of Ireland, in what was one of the most decisive battles ever fought in Ireland, Tairrdelbach defeated Ó Briain, killing 7000. Dubhcobhlach Ní Maíl Ruanaid, died 1168, dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh, writing in 1649, wrote the following account of Tairrdelbachs family, Toirdhealbhach Mor s. 1126–1144 – unnamed daughter, wife of Murchadh Ua hEaghra, murdered 1134 – Aedh Dall Ua Conchobair, Irish Kings and High Kings, Francis John Byrne, 3rd revised edition, Dublin, Four Courts Press,2001. ISBN 978-1-85182-196-9 A very puzzling Irish Missal, John A. Claffey, Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 55,2003, Ua Conchobair, Tairrdelbach, in Seán Duffy

6.
Conchobar Ua Conchobair
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Conchobar Ua Conchobair, served as tánaiste of Connacht, fl. Conchobar was one of over twenty sons sired by Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair, following Tairrdelbachs kidnapping of the king of Mide in 1143, the kingdom of Meath was given by Toirdhealbhach to his own son, Conchobhar. Later that year, four hundred cows were given by the men of Meath to Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair, as eric for his son, conchobars death resulted in the released of his half-brother, Ruaidhri, who would eventually insinuate himself as his fathers Tánaiste. Brian Mainech, son of Conchobhar, son of Toirrdhelbach was killed at the battle of Ath na caisberna in 1159 and he appears to be the only child of Conchobar recorded in either the annals or genealogies. If Conchobair had any issue, they are unknown. ISBN 978-1-85182-196-9 A very puzzling Irish Missal, John A. Claffey, Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, Volume 55,2003, Ua Conchobair, Tairrdelbach, in Seán Duffy. Pp. 464–6 Ua Conchobair, Conchobar, Ailbhe Mac Shamhrain, in Dictionary of Irish Biography. to the Year 2002, Volume 9, Staines - Z, Cambridge,2010

7.
1101 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1101 in Ireland. Muirchertach Ua Briain of the Dál gCais proclaims himself High King of Ireland, at the Synod of Cashel, Muirchertach Ua Briain grants Cashel to the church as the seat of a metropolitan bishop. Muirchertach Ua Briain destroys the ringfort at Grianan of Aileach, sailors from overseas raid Scattery Island. Gillafin mac Coulahan, King of Síol Anmchadha, is killed and succeeded by his predecessors son, gilla na Naemh Ua Dunabhra, Chief Poet of Connacht

10.
1152 in Ireland
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Events from the year 1152 in Ireland. Synod of Kells-Mellifont results in a church organisation with four metropolitans and 36 sees. The Archdiocese of Dublin, recognised as a province in by the Synod of Kells. Diarmaid mac Murchadha elopes with Devorgill, cloyne was recognised as a diocese at the Synod of Kells