Koryŏ: An Introductionhttp://muse.jhu.edu/article/665879
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Koryŏ, the middle kingdom (918–1392) in Korea's long pageant of history, has often been overlooked by academics as well as by the public. However, over the last decade or so, scholars have been quietly conducting new research that has greatly expanded our knowledge of this kingdom, unveiling the astounding complexities of this society. As contemporary South Korea experiences rapid economic and political change, it is seeing new demographics with the influx of migrant laborers from abroad, particularly from Southeast Asia. These changes have brought new perspectives on how Koreans view themselves as well as others in a world of rapid globalization. Equally significant with its rapid economic expansion and through
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallKoryŏ: An Introduction2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressKoryŏ: An IntroductionKoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®235932018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31Early Koryŏ Political Institutions and the International Expansion of Tang and Song Institutionshttp://muse.jhu.edu/article/665880
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Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) political institutions from the eighth to the twelfth century served as a model for many East Asian states. As new states emerged they were looking for possible political institutions on which they could build their own polities. Superficially looking at the structure of Koryŏ's ruling apparatus, many similarities appear between that of Koryŏ and that of Tang and Song. However, deeper examination reveals striking differences in operation. As will be seen below Tang followed a tripartite division under the emperor that included the Secretariat (zhongshusheng 中書省), the Chancellery (menxiasheng 門下省), and the Department of State Affairs (shangshusheng 尙書省) (figure 1).Key offices in
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallEarly Koryŏ Political Institutions and the International Expansion of Tang and Song Institutions2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressEarly Koryŏ Political Institutions and the International Expansion of Tang and Song InstitutionsKoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®735452018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31Interstate Relations in East Asia and Medical Exchanges in the Late Eleventh Century and Early Twelfth Centuryhttp://muse.jhu.edu/article/665881
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The period from the late eleventh century to the early twelfth century was a time in which interstate relations changed rapidly in East Asia. Execution of the New Policies (新法) in Song (宋), the fall of the Khitans (契丹) and the rise of the Jurchen (Jin 女眞[金]), Jin's conquest of northern China, and the founding of the Southern Song dynasty bring into relief the importance of diplomatic relations for each of these countries. In this connection, much academic research has been done on Song's policies of allying with Koryŏ to subjugate the Khitan Liao (聯麗制遼策) and allying with Jin to subjugate Liao (聯金制遼策), border disputes between the Khitans and Koryŏ and Song, Koryŏ's assault against the Jurchen, and so forth.
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallInterstate Relations in East Asia and Medical Exchanges in the Late Eleventh Century and Early Twelfth Century2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressInterstate Relations in East Asia and Medical Exchanges in the Late Eleventh Century and Early Twelfth CenturyKoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®762992018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31Koryŏ's Trade with the Outer Worldhttp://muse.jhu.edu/article/665882
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The Koryŏ period, compared to other eras in Korean history, might have been the most ''open'' one to the outer world. During the time of Chinese dynasties, such as Song (960–1279), Liao (916–1125), Jin (1115–1234), and Yüan (1271–1367), Koryŏ had to deal with all kinds of foreigners whom they never had encountered before. The name ''Korea'' was derived from the name ''Koryŏ,'' which must have been introduced to other regions by people who either visited the Korean peninsula at the time, or heard stories from those who actually visited.Yet the ''openness'' of Koryŏ is not that well recognized, even among scholars. Many historians concentrate their efforts on determining the internal history of the Koryŏ period, and
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallKoryŏ's Trade with the Outer World2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressKoryŏ's Trade with the Outer WorldKoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®740372018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31Rethinking the Late Koryŏ in an International Contexthttp://muse.jhu.edu/article/665883
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Several essays in this issue reconsider our understanding of the Koryŏ period. Some highlight the period's cultural diversity, some reexamine past interpretations of court politics, and yet others recontextualize Koryŏ's place in the international order. This essay considers how the late Koryŏ period fits into a vitally important moment in global history—the collapse of the Mongol empire in the late fourteenth century and beginnings of a post-Mongol order in Eurasia. It explores Koryŏ's ties to the wider world, the demands of rapid change, and the court's range of choices during the second half of the fourteenth century. Finally, the essay serves as a reminder that more useful than dismissing political rhetoric as
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallRethinking the Late Koryŏ in an International Context2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressRethinking the Late Koryŏ in an International ContextKoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®907692018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31The Management of Koryŏ: Local Administration (Kunhyŏn) and Its Operationhttp://muse.jhu.edu/article/665884
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The Geographical Treatise of the Koryŏsa (Koryŏsa, 1972; hereafter cited as KS) is the primary source for the actual operation of the Koryŏ dynasty's local administration. Recorded in its preface are the administrative units of the Koryŏ local administration, which included 4 capitals (kyŏng), 8 sheperherdships (mok; often seen as the equivalent of a greater prefecture [chu]), 15 districts (pu), 129 prefectures (kun), 335 counties (hyŏn), and 29 garrisons (chin), for a total of 520 units. If places that existed temporarily or were later added are included, then there are more than 540 local administrative units found in The Geographical Treatise of the Koryŏsa.The local administrative units are generally called
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallThe Management of Koryŏ: Local Administration (Kunhyŏn) and Its Operation2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressThe Management of Koryŏ: Local Administration (Kunhyŏn) and Its OperationKoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®954382018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31Kings and Buddhism in Medieval Koreahttp://muse.jhu.edu/article/665885
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Previously, I examined the issue of the interactions between Buddhism and Confucianism during the Koryŏ (高麗, 918–1392) dynasty and discussed in brief Koryŏ kings' attitude toward Buddhism (Kim, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to examine in-depth how the king understood Buddhism in terms of the Three Jewels of Buddhism—the Buddha, His teaching, and the san˙gha (the monastic community). In traditional Korea, the king controlled customs, including Buddhist practices. The Koryŏ period is important in that it connects ancient Korea to modern Korea, but has attracted less attention among scholars than the other periods. The field of Koryŏ studies is almost non-existent in the West except for some works (Duncan, 2000;
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallKings and Buddhism in Medieval Korea2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressKings and Buddhism in Medieval KoreaKoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®996072018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31Analysis of Recently Discovered Late-Koryŏ Civil Service Examination Answer Sheets (對策文)http://muse.jhu.edu/article/665886
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Study of the civil service examination systems in Koryŏ and Yuan China will provide a clue to comprehending how bureaucracy and politics worked within each dynasty. In particular, a deeper understanding of the procedure, method, examination subjects, and passers of the civil service examinations might lead to a better understanding of what bureaucrats were like and how politics worked from the inside (Teng, 1942–1943; Kracke, 1967; Wolfgang, 1968; Ichisada, 1976; Lee, 1985; Chafee, 1995; Elman, 2002, 2009; Ren and Xue, 2003; Liu, 2007). For instance, the Yuan dynasty permitted people in neighboring countries to take the examination, believing the examination was one way to promote the sinification of its policies
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallAnalysis of Recently Discovered Late-Koryŏ Civil Service Examination Answer Sheets (對策文)2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressAnalysis of Recently Discovered Late-Koryŏ Civil Service Examination Answer Sheets (對策文)KoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®777972018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31The Makeup of Koryŏ Aristocratic Families: Bilateral Kindredhttp://muse.jhu.edu/article/665887
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Researchers have long focused on the families of the ruling stratum as the basic unit for understanding the upper strata of Koryŏ (918–1392) society. The term kamun (家門), which is used by many scholars studying Koryŏ, appears in the records of that time along with other terms of the same or similar meaning such as ka (家), mun (門), chok (族), chong (宗), ilga (一家), ilmun (一門), and ilchong (一宗). These terms were all recorded in literary Chinese, using characters that in China referred to the patrilineal kinship group. This is one of the reasons for strong misconceptions by various researchers when studying the Koryŏ family unit. Moreover, as patrilineal bloodlines became stronger in late Chosŏn (from the seventeenth
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallThe Makeup of Koryŏ Aristocratic Families: Bilateral Kindred2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressThe Makeup of Koryŏ Aristocratic Families: Bilateral KindredKoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®894392018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31The Characteristics and Origins of Koryŏ's Pluralist Societyhttp://muse.jhu.edu/article/665888
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One of the major goals of researching Korean history and tradition is to interpret and understand them in relation to contemporary Korean society in a way that attains a harmonized understanding of Korea's past and present. As a researcher of the Koryŏ dynasty, I am concerned about the issues of how to interpret and read the history and traditions of Koryŏ from a contemporary viewpoint and how to present a vivid, living history. This is because the environment around our historical research, including such things as historical perception and methodology, is changing greatly in the wake of South Korea's successful achievement of democratization and industrialization.Studies of Korean history during much of the
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallThe Characteristics and Origins of Koryŏ's Pluralist Society2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressThe Characteristics and Origins of Koryŏ's Pluralist SocietyKoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®704802018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31Informal Empire: The Origins of the U.S.–ROK Alliance and the 1953 Mutual Defense Treaty Negotiationshttp://muse.jhu.edu/article/665889
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We are America; we are the indispensable nation. We stand tall and we see further than other countries into the future.The creation of the security alliance between the United States and the Republic of Korea (ROK or South Korea) in 1953 offers theoretical and historical insights into how great powers approach regional security. Great powers, like the United States, are able to maximize their strength and influence in a region by fulfilling two conditions. The first is to impose ''informal'' order by establishing a hierarchy in which sovereign states deem as legitimate the hegemon's leadership and comply with rules and order imposed by the hegemon. The second is to establish a ''formal'' network to complement and
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallInformal Empire: The Origins of the U.S.–ROK Alliance and the 1953 Mutual Defense Treaty Negotiations2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressInformal Empire: The Origins of the U.S.–ROK Alliance and the 1953 Mutual Defense Treaty NegotiationsKoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®1440812018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31Korean Han and the Postcolonial Afterlives of "The Beauty of Sorrow"http://muse.jhu.edu/article/665890
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If we lived in paradise, there would be no tears, no separation, no hunger, no waiting, no suffering, no oppression, no war, no death. We would no longer need either hope or despair. We would lose those hopes so dear to us all. We Koreans call these hopes Han. It is not an easy word to understand. It has generally been understood as a sort of resentment. But I think it means both sadness and hope at the same time. You can think of Han as the core of life, the pathway leading from birth to death. Literature, it seems to me, is an act of Han and a representation of it. … Han, which comprises both sadness and hope, is a feeling unique to the Korean people.[The] terms of cultural engagement, whether antagonistic or
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallKorean Han and the Postcolonial Afterlives of "The Beauty of Sorrow"2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressKorean Han and the Postcolonial Afterlives of "The Beauty of Sorrow"KoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®1206962018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31In the Service of His Korean Majesty: William Nelson Lovatt, the Pusan Customs, and Sino-Korean Relations, 1876 1888 by Wayne Patterson (review)http://muse.jhu.edu/article/665891
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With In the Service of His Korean Majesty, Wayne Patterson has given us a detailed and meticulously researched portrait of the Sino-Korean landscape of the early 1880s. At its heart a biography of the English-American William Nelson Lovatt (1838–1904)—at least during his service in Korea (1883–1886), it is in fact more than the story of one man. Using the bountiful Lovatt letters as his primary source, Patterson has succeeded admirably in the difficult task of weaving the thread of Lovatt's life into the larger fabric of the historical period, testament to the author's pain-taking research and command of a patchwork of sources beyond just the letters themselves. It is divided into four parts that segregate in
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallIn the Service of His Korean Majesty: William Nelson Lovatt, the Pusan Customs, and Sino-Korean Relations, 1876 1888 by Wayne Patterson (review)2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressIn the Service of His Korean Majesty: William Nelson Lovatt, the Pusan Customs, and Sino-Korean Relations, 1876 1888 by Wayne Patterson (review)KoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®84262018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31Tourist Distractions: Traveling and Feeling in Transnational Hallyu Cinema by Youngmin Choe (review)http://muse.jhu.edu/article/665892
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Korean cinema alongside television programs played a role in the early emergence of the Korean Wave (Hallyu in Korean) and consequently the diversification of the Hallyu phenomenon toward tourism, fashion, and food. Since the mid-1990s when the Korean government initiated the resurrection of the dying film industry, Korean cinema has become one of the major cultural forms leading the Korean Wave phenomenon. By selecting about a dozen Korean films created in the boom era of motion pictures between the late 1990s and early 2000s, Tourist Distractions uniquely analyzes the crucial relationships between Hallyu cinema—with a focus on the impact of Hallyu's emerging core characteristics, like its attempt to convert
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallTourist Distractions: Traveling and Feeling in Transnational Hallyu Cinema by Youngmin Choe (review)2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressTourist Distractions: Traveling and Feeling in Transnational Hallyu Cinema by Youngmin Choe (review)KoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®85442018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31South Korea's New Nationalism: The End of ''One Korea''? by Emma Campbell (review)http://muse.jhu.edu/article/665893
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Emma Campbell's South Korea's New Nationalism: The End of ''One Korea''? is a case study that shows how contemporary young South Koreans conceive of their nation in a way that excludes North Koreans, people who share the same ethnicity. This is a quite unprecedented form of nationalism in South Korea, where minjok, a form of ethnic nationalism that is grounded in ''blood'' and history, has been sanctified above all other forms of nationalism and has provided the absolute rationale for reunification, regardless of the decades-long political division. Campbell contends that this new nationalism is emerging among South Koreans in their twenties and takes the form of a '''globalized cultural nationalism' which is based
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Project MUSE®http://muse.jhu.edu/2018-03-19T00:00:00-05:00http://muse.jhu.edu/journal/109/image/coversmallSouth Korea's New Nationalism: The End of ''One Korea''? by Emma Campbell (review)2017-07-31text/htmlen-USUniversity of Hawai'i PressSouth Korea's New Nationalism: The End of ''One Korea''? by Emma Campbell (review)KoreaChinaSŏngjong,MedicineAsiaPublic administrationLocal governmentBuddhism and stateBuddhismConfucianism and stateCivil serviceAristocracy (Political science)Cultural pluralismKorea (South)Military assistance, AmericanUnited StatesKorea (South)PostcolonialismLovatt, William Nelson,Motion pictures2017-07-312017TWOProject MUSE®87852018-03-19T00:00:00-05:002017-07-31