Admitted:1976, California and U.S. District Court, Northern District of California; 1977, U.S. District Court, Central District of California; 1980, U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit; 1982, U.S. Supreme Court; 1986, U.S. District Court, Southern District of California

Law School:University of California, Hastings College of the Law, J.D., 1976

Admitted:1989, New York and Ohio; 1990, Pennsylvania, U.S. District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania and U.S. District Court, Southern District of Ohio; 1991, U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit; 1998, Massachusetts; 1999, California; 2003, U.S. District Court, Northern District of California