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HTML Entities

Character Reference Display

Different programming and markup languages encode or escape these characters in different ways. In general, you want to use the character's code point, which in UTF-8 is the so-called "U+ number" you'll find below. This is a hexadecimal number, though it may start with a 0 instead of the 0x you may be used to seeing.

greek capital letter rho, U+03A1 (there is no Sigmaf, and no U+03A2 character either)

Sigma

Σ

greek capital letter sigma, U+03A3 ISOgrk3

Tau

Τ

greek capital letter tau, U+03A4

Upsilon

Υ

greek capital letter upsilon, U+03A5 ISOgrk3

Phi

Φ

greek capital letter phi, U+03A6 ISOgrk3

Chi

Χ

greek capital letter chi, U+03A7

Psi

Ψ

greek capital letter psi, U+03A8 ISOgrk3

Omega

Ω

greek capital letter omega, U+03A9 ISOgrk3

alpha

α

greek small letter alpha, U+03B1 ISOgrk3

beta

β

greek small letter beta, U+03B2 ISOgrk3

gamma

γ

greek small letter gamma, U+03B3 ISOgrk3

delta

δ

greek small letter delta, U+03B4 ISOgrk3

epsilon

ε

greek small letter epsilon, U+03B5 ISOgrk3

zeta

ζ

greek small letter zeta, U+03B6 ISOgrk3

eta

η

greek small letter eta, U+03B7 ISOgrk3

theta

θ

greek small letter theta, U+03B8 ISOgrk3

iota

ι

greek small letter iota, U+03B9 ISOgrk3

kappa

κ

greek small letter kappa, U+03BA ISOgrk3

lambda

λ

greek small letter lambda, U+03BB ISOgrk3

mu

μ

greek small letter mu, U+03BC ISOgrk3

nu

ν

greek small letter nu, U+03BD ISOgrk3

xi

ξ

greek small letter xi, U+03BE ISOgrk3

omicron

ο

greek small letter omicron, U+03BF NEW

pi

π

greek small letter pi, U+03C0 ISOgrk3

rho

ρ

greek small letter rho, U+03C1 ISOgrk3

sigmaf

ς

greek small letter final sigma, U+03C2 ISOgrk3

sigma

σ

greek small letter sigma, U+03C3 ISOgrk3

tau

τ

greek small letter tau, U+03C4 ISOgrk3

upsilon

υ

greek small letter upsilon, U+03C5 ISOgrk3

phi

φ

greek small letter phi, U+03C6 ISOgrk3

chi

χ

greek small letter chi, U+03C7 ISOgrk3

psi

ψ

greek small letter psi, U+03C8 ISOgrk3

omega

ω

greek small letter omega, U+03C9 ISOgrk3

thetasym

ϑ

greek small letter theta symbol, U+03D1 NEW

upsih

ϒ

greek upsilon with hook symbol, U+03D2 NEW

piv

ϖ

greek pi symbol, U+03D6 ISOgrk3

General Punctuation

bull

•

bullet = black small circle, U+2022 ISOpub (bullet is NOT the same as bullet operator, U+2219)

hellip

…

horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader, U+2026 ISOpub

prime

′

prime = minutes = feet, U+2032 ISOtech

Prime

″

double prime = seconds = inches, U+2033 ISOtech

oline

‾

overline = spacing overscore, U+203E NEW

frasl

⁄

fraction slash, U+2044 NEW

Letterlike Symbols

weierp

℘

script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p, U+2118 ISOamso

image

ℑ

blackletter capital I = imaginary part, U+2111 ISOamso

real

ℜ

blackletter capital R = real part symbol, U+211C ISOamso

trade

™

trade mark sign, U+2122 ISOnum

alefsym

ℵ

alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal, U+2135 NEW (alef symbol is NOT the same as hebrew letter alef, U+05D0 although the same glyph could be used to depict both characters)

Arrows

larr

←

leftwards arrow, U+2190 ISOnum

uarr

↑

upwards arrow, U+2191 ISOnum

rarr

→

rightwards arrow, U+2192 ISOnum

darr

↓

downwards arrow, U+2193 ISOnum

harr

↔

left right arrow, U+2194 ISOamsa

crarr

↵

downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return, U+21B5 NEW

lArr

⇐

leftwards double arrow, U+21D0 ISOtech (ISO 10646 does not say that lArr is the same as the 'is implied by' arrow but also does not have any other character for that function. So ? lArr can be used for 'is implied by' as ISOtech suggests)

uArr

⇑

upwards double arrow, U+21D1 ISOamsa

rArr

⇒

rightwards double arrow, U+21D2 ISOtech (ISO 10646 does not say this is the 'implies' character but does not have another character with this function so ? rArr can be used for 'implies' as ISOtech suggests

dArr

⇓

downwards double arrow, U+21D3 ISOamsa

hArr

⇔

left right double arrow, U+21D4 ISOamsa

Mathematical Operators

forall

∀

for all, U+2200 ISOtech

part

∂

partial differential, U+2202 ISOtech

exist

∃

there exists, U+2203 ISOtech

empty

∅

empty set = null set = diameter, U+2205 ISOamso

nabla

∇

nabla = backward difference, U+2207 ISOtech

isin

∈

element of, U+2208 ISOtech

notin

∉

not an element of, U+2209 ISOtech

ni

∋

contains as member, U+220B ISOtech (should there be a more memorable name than 'ni'?)

prod

∏

n-ary product = product sign, U+220F ISOamsb (prod is NOT the same character as U+03A0 'greek capital letter pi' though the same glyph might be used for both)

sum

∑

n-ary sumation, U+2211 ISOamsb (sum is NOT the same character as U+03A3 'greek capital letter sigma' though the same glyph might be used for both)

minus

−

minus sign, U+2212 ISOtech

lowast

∗

asterisk operator, U+2217 ISOtech

radic

√

square root = radical sign, U+221A ISOtech

prop

∝

proportional to, U+221D ISOtech

infin

∞

infinity, U+221E ISOtech

ang

∠

angle, U+2220 ISOamso

and

∧

logical and = wedge, U+2227 ISOtech

or

∨

logical or = vee, U+2228 ISOtech

cap

∩

intersection = cap, U+2229 ISOtech

cup

∪

union = cup, U+222A ISOtech

int

∫

integral, U+222B ISOtech

there4

∴

therefore, U+2234 ISOtech

sim

∼

tilde operator = varies with = similar to, U+223C ISOtech (tilde operator is NOT the same character as the tilde, U+007E, although the same glyph might be used to represent both)

cong

≅

approximately equal to, U+2245 ISOtech

asymp

≈

almost equal to = asymptotic to, U+2248 ISOamsr

ne

≠

not equal to, U+2260 ISOtech

equiv

≡

identical to, U+2261 ISOtech

le

≤

less-than or equal to, U+2264 ISOtech

ge

≥

greater-than or equal to, U+2265 ISOtech

sub

⊂

subset of, U+2282 ISOtech

sup

⊃

superset of, U+2283 ISOtech (note that nsup, 'not a superset of, U+2283' is not covered by the Symbol font encoding and is not included. Should it be, for symmetry? It is in ISOamsn)

nsub

⊄

not a subset of, U+2284 ISOamsn

sube

⊆

subset of or equal to, U+2286 ISOtech

supe

⊇

superset of or equal to, U+2287 ISOtech

oplus

⊕

circled plus = direct sum, U+2295 ISOamsb

otimes

⊗

circled times = vector product, U+2297 ISOamsb

perp

⊥

up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular, U+22A5 ISOtech

sdot

⋅

dot operator, U+22C5 ISOamsb (dot operator is NOT the same character as U+00B7 middle dot)