Philosophical Reconstruction - Essay Example

Extract of sample Philosophical Reconstruction

It is almost certainly a good wager that these issues are linked to each other, which certainly are connected to each other. In the First Meditation, Descartes arrives at an inference that whether he is reasoning or questioning, his mind must be present in order to perform such actions, primarily of questioning or contemplating. Hence, he is completely sure of the reality and existence of his own mind. In the Second Meditation, Descartes inaugurates to tackle the characteristic and nature of his own mind, as well as the control that the mind possesses as long as he completely perceives a thing or material. He confronts his conundrum by assessing who and what he really is, and that his being in the world, as a thing that perceives or doubts, is completed by having a thinking mind, and by possessing a body that acts or works together with the world. In the Second Meditation, Descartes inscribes: "What then did I use to think I was? A man, of course. But what is a man? ... I had a face, hands, arms, and this entire mechanism of bodily members: the very same as are discerned in the corpse, and which I referred to by the name "body" (Descartes, 18). In this passage, Descartes comes across with the difficulty that he is only able to perceive or know about the body through the body. The human body, as long as it interacts with the world and all other entities which are possible to be doubted, must also be questioned. The certainty in the existence of a body in the world must be discarded by Descartes;

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The amendments were necessary for the reconstruction of the America’s Southern states. The Thirteenth Amendment was influential in the abolishment of slave trade. The succeeding amendment stipulates privileges, immunities equal protection as well as due process

Further aggravating the situation was the fact that the wounds of defeat were still fresh in the collective psyche of White Southerners and these wounds were deepened with the rising political and economic power of their Northern conquerors (referred to as carpetbaggers) as well as their former slaves.

Further, reconstruction offered ways of readmitting the Southern States into the Union, and describing the ways by which blacks and whites could live together and share things in a free society where no one was enslaved. The south-perceived reconstruction as vengeful and humiliating and in turn protested the move, as they did not like it (Foner, 2012).

However, complete guaranteed freedom during then was far from its realization due to key groups and influential icons in the government who had conflicting intentions. Hence, prompting Dubois term the attainment of equality during then as a “splendid failure” because an individual’s recognition or mode of treatment assumed racial lines.

Reconstruction began as early as 1863 before the end of civil war in 1865 and ended in 1877 after the compromise which saw Rutherford B. Hayes assume office and introduction of Jim Crow laws which strengthened and saw continuity of racial segregation fro the next 100 years.

Booth’s bullet changed the nation because Johnson and Lincoln were often diametrically opposed regarding the reconstruction of the South and degree of civil liberties the freed slaves were to be afforded. Johnson’s views on slaves were clearly in opposition to Lincoln’s stance as was his insistence that Ex-Confederates must be punished.

Despite historical injustices suffered by them, black Americans exhibited bravery in the battle grounds as they joined forces with fellow Unionists and staked their lives for the promise of emancipation. Having

implications of the unsuccessful war with all the limitation in the social standards and quick discouragement and hatred was a situation that would make it hard under any criteria to come up with new civilization and new government. Additionally, the 4 million freemen and the

essay will focus on the history of the reconstruction of America after the civil war that began in 1863 with the emancipation clause by President Abraham Lincoln.
It was not easy for the leaders to decide whether or not to punish the South for the Civil war. It was even harder

After its halt, there was the need for reconstruction in the states due to the economic, social, and political damages (Roland 1865). The stop of the war led to the rise of

6 pages (1500 words)Essay

the lone matter or entity that hangs about is the existence of his mind. If this particular issue is considered in the light of metaphysics, the lone thing that exists is his own mind; in the light of epistemology, Descartes can merely understand or, at least, realize that his mind is real and existent, and nothing more. Descartes continues to present his claim, "What about thinking? Here I make my discovery: thought exists; it alone cannot be separated from me. I am; I exist—this is certain. But for how long? For as long as I am thinking; for perhaps it could also come to pass that if I were to cease all thinking I would then utterly cease to exist. I am therefore precisely nothing but a thinking thing; that is, a mind, or intellect, or understanding, or reason—words of whose meanings I was previously ignorant" (Descartes, 19). This part of the texts presents the most critical place, in which nearly all interpreters, observers, and critics infer that Descartes establishes an unbreakable and impenetrable division between the human mind and human body; by simply placing everything as contemplations inside the mind, the outside domain is therefore abolished and disregarded, as with the human body and all other physical and natural occurrences; hence, Descartes can take place as a thinking thing, which takes place autonomously of the body. In reconstruction, the Second Meditation would like to present the following argument: 1. A thing is made up of its possessions and an essential matter to which these “possessions” have their place. (Substantial Concept) 2. The human body exists because of the mind. The mind is what makes the human body parts exist, such that, the hands, the legs, the face, and all other

Summary

28 April 2013 Argument Reconstruction of Descartes’ Meditations (Second Meditation) The Second Meditation of Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy: Concerning the Nature of Human Mind: That is Better Known than the Body, is rather testing and complicated, and sometimes it is not "trouble-free" to follow what he intends to carry out…