From: IN%"AG150AB@NCCCOT.AGR.CA" 3-JAN-1996 11:53:15.95
To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology-error"
CC:
Subj: RE: Porcupines, dogs and aversion
There are several reasons why some dogs never seem to learn to STOP
chasing porcupines (or cars, for that matter):
1. Many dogs (breeds or individuals) have very strong prey-
catching drives. Such drives are largely inherited and obviously
strongly motivated, and are thus resistant to "un-learning".
2. The Big Chase itself is a very exciting thing, with high dog
arousal. Such arousal interferes with learning.
3. The pain of contact (with porcupine or car) may be blocked by the arousal
of the moment (recall battle injuries among soldiers). In fact, the animal
may only start to feel pain several minutes later, or not until arriving at
the vet's for quill removal. Thus, the animal associates *that* pain with
eg. the vet's office, rather than the chase/animal/car, which is by now long
temporally removed from the pain.
4. Often, dogs chase animals/cars in groups; the additional excitement provided
by companions further interferes with learning.
All in all, these conditions preclude succesful learning to give
quilled creatures (and cars) a wider berth.
Dogs will be dogs!obvious
Allison Taylor
(now temporarily at: ag150ab@ncccot2.agr.ca)
From: IN%"William_R_STRICKLIN@umail.umd.edu" 3-JAN-1996 12:46:24.06
To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: RE: Forcefeeding of geese
Per, I was cleaning out my email files and came across the message below
about force-feeding. I would be interested in finding out what responses that
you may have received regarding your request. This past summer I spent a
month in China and visited a Peking Duck farm at the time of feeding. It was
hard to determine the accuracy of answers because of the difficulty in
translation, but from what I could determine, the ducks are force-fed only for
1-2 weeks at the end of the finishing phase of life with a mortality of
10-15%. If this information is correct, I don't see how the practice, at
least the technique that I saw, would be practical even from a monetary basis.
From what I could determine, it seemed that in China tradition was a
significant reason that force feeding was continued - with the primary
justification given that the practice added significantly to the amount of
body fat.
While in Beijing, I met a woman who according to my Chinese graduate
student, is recognized as a leading authority on Peking Ducks and is also
not necessarily supportive of the practice of force-feeding. Her name and
address are:
Mrs. Yang Xuang Mei
Division of Animal Husbandry
State Farm Bureau of Beijing
Beijing, P.R. China
She does not speak English but my student (Jian-Zheng Zhou) says that if you
write to her in English she should be able to find someone who can translate
for her. Also, if you have questions you could send them to Zhou and he can
translate to Chinese and forward the request for you. Zhou's email address is
coral@hamlet.umd.edu
Before he came to Maryland, Zhou also did a master's project in China with
ducks and has a general knowledge of force-feeding practices in that country.
Best regards,
Ray Stricklin
>Dear all,
>
>I'm looking for information regarding welfare aspects on force-feeding of
>geese and ducks. All information would be valuable, like references, names
>of persons, anecdotes, whatsoever.
>
>Yours hopefully,
>
>Per
>
>*******************************************************************
>Per Jensen
>Professor of Ethology __/\______________9
>Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,\ o I
>Department of Animal Hygiene, \- I
>Section of Ethology \_______________I
>SKARA, SWEDEN /\ /\
>E-mail: Per.Jensen@hhyg.slu.se / \ / \
>*******************************************************************
>
>
>
>
From: IN%"eoprice@ucdavis.edu" "Edward O. Price" 4-JAN-1996 12:08:44.55
To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology-error", IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Applied-ethology"
CC:
Subj: RE: Canids and porcupines
Dear Colleagues:
Ian Duncan's comment about the difference in response of John Fentress's
wolf and dog to porcupines after a previous encounter with them is in
keeping with the fact that domestic animals, in general, tend to be less
sensitive than their "wild" counterparts to environmental stimuli and that
they are generally lacking in social inhibitions. Predator-prey
interactions may not be considered truly social but the lower thresholds
generally exhibited by domestic animals for initiating intraspecific social
interactions may influence how they respond in interspecific encounters, as
well. I'm not sure "idiotic" is the best word to describe Fentress's dog
"Blu", but it may be close. Ben Ginsburg's work on trial and error learning
in wolves and dogs supports the observation that wolves are more "in tune"
with what is going on in their environment and, thus, more adept at learning
from experience. Poor Blu!
Ed Price
----------
>From: applied-ethology-error
>To: Applied-ethology
>Subject: Canids and porcupines
>Date: Thursday, January 04, 1996 9:42AM
>
>Dear All,
> John Fentress gives an interesting description of wolf and dog
>behaviour towards porcupines in :
>Fentress, J.C., 1992. The co-valent animal: on bonds and their
> boundaries in behavioral research. In: The Inevitable Bond (Eds
> H. Davis and D. Balfour). Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
> pp. 44-71.
>
> In brief, the story goes like this. John had a hand-reared wolf
>called Qochi (who had definitely never had any contact with a
>porcupine) and a dog called Blu (who had suckled Qochi when
>Qochi was a pup). One day when John had them out for a walk, both
>canids had an encounter with a porcupine and both became heavily
>laden with quills. The dog retreated from the porcupine; the wolf had
>to be dragged away. The wolf went chest-deep into the sea and very
>dextrously removed the quills from his chest and legs using his
>incisors. He then came ashore and tried to remove the quills in
>the roof of his mouth with his paws. When this failed he grabbed a
>branch with his jaws and managed, eventually to prise them all loose.
>Blu was unable to get rid of any on her own.
>
> Several weeks later, while out on a leashed walk, Qochi started
>acting extremely nervously (frothing and shaking). John discovered
>they were close to a porcupine carcase. Blu did not react. Qochi
>frothed and shook when taken near the carcase and stopped when taken
>a little distance away (repeatedly).
>
> Several weeks later, while on an unleashed walk there was another
>encounter with a porcupine. Blu, once again, became laden with
>quills. Qochi stared at the porcupine from a distance and would
>not approach it. Never again did he attack a porcupine.
>
> So there you have it! Certainly (n) is fairly small - but it is a
>good story. Does domestication produce idiots after all?
>
> Yours,
>
> Ian Duncan
>
From: IN%"rushenj@EM.AGR.CA" "Jeff Rushen" 9-JAN-1996 15:14:02.80
To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Abstracts -REPONSE
Jeff Rushen may be interested to know (if he doesn't already) that the
American
Society of Animal Science is charging $10.00 for "paper" abstract
submissions to the ASAS annual meeting this year. [ e-mail or disk
abstracts are free].
It seems that the days of the dinosaur-author are numbered!
- Moira Harris
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
No I didn't know. Thank you.
Jeff
From: IN%"eoprice@ucdavis.edu" "Edward O. Price" 16-JAN-1996 11:29:03.85
To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca" "applied-ethology-error"
CC:
Subj: RE: Trying to reach Paul Hemsworth
Joe: Paul's e-mail address is: hemsworthp@woody.agvic.gov.au
Ed Price
----------
>From: applied-ethology-error
>To: applied-ethology
>Subject: Trying to reach Paul Hemsworth
>Date: Tuesday, January 16, 1996 12:33AM
>
>Would someone (maybe P. Hemsworth?) be able to provide me with a working
>e-mail address for Paul Hemsworth. I am having trouble sending a message
to
>the e-mail address that is subscribed to the Applied-ethology net.
>
>Thank you.
>
>Joe
>
>==================================
>Joseph M. Stookey
>Department of Herd Medicine and Theriogenology
>Western College of Veterinary Medicine
>University of Saskatchewan
>Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
>S7N 0W0 Canada
>
>stookey@sask.usask.ca
>===================================
>
From: IN%"ujhhtpo@ucl.ac.uk" "ujhhtpo" 24-JAN-1996 09:52:23.74
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: new and newish UFAW publications
New Publications from UFAW
Feral Cats - Suggestions for Control 3rd edition
An updated and revised booklet describing the UFAW method of achieving colony
stabilisation through a programme of trapping, neutering, marking and returning
to site.
19pp. UFAW 1995. ISBN 0 900767 93 6. Price: #3.00/US$7.00
Environmental Enrichment in Captive Primates: A Survey and Review
M Phil dissertation by L A Dickie, copies of which UFAW is making available at
cost price.
88pp. L A Dickie 1994. Price: #10.00/US$25.00
Proceedings of the 29th International Congress of the International Congress of
the International Society for Applied Ethology
Held in Exeter, August 1995.
250pp. UFAW 1995. ISBN 0 900767 92 8. Price: #10.00/US$25.00
Careers with Animals (revised edition)
A leaflet to help those wanting to work with animals. Qualifications, training
available and organisations to approach are listed.
12pp. UFAW 1995. Price: #0.50/US$1.50
Animal Welfare: A Cool Eye Towards Eden.
Suitable for general readership and of interest to anyone prepared to think
rationally about animal welfare, animal rights and human responsibilities. This
book is the result of the first UFAW Hume Fellowship Award.
A J F Webster. 273pp. Blackwell Science. ISBN 0 632 03928 0. Price: #17.99
(not for sale by UFAW in Canada: contact Blackwell Science)
Housing, husbandry and welfare provision for animals used in toxicology studies:
results of a UK questionnaire on current practice (UK)
Report by the Toxicology and Welfare Working Group documenting current housing
and husbandry practices in a number of UK establishments. Suggestions are given
for possible improvements under the existing regulations.
32pp. UFAW 1995. ISBN 0 900767 94 4. Price:#5.00/US$10.00
Environmental enrichment information resources for laboratory animals:
1965-1995. Birds, Cats, Dogs, Farm animals, Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents.
This bibliography, supplemented with articles on the different species, is a
resource guide to help encourage the use of environmental enrichment techniques
for laboratory species other than non-human primates. It is the result of
collaboration between the Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) of the United
States Department of Agriculture and UFAW.
294pp. AWIC/UFAW 1995. ISBN 0 900767 91 X. Price: UK & Europe #7.00 inclusive of
postage. Elsewhere #4.50 + postage. Available in North and South America from
AWIC (awic@nalusda.gov).
REVIEW COPIES/FURTHER INFORMATION: Contact Vicky Taylor at UFAW on +44 1707
658202. A full UFAW Publications List is available.
DATE: 23 January 1996 ENDS
Posted by Vicky Taylor, UFAW.
e-mail: trevor.poole@ucl.ac.uk
Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW)
8 Hamilton Close
South Mimms
Potters Bar
Hertfordshire EN6 3QD
Tel: +44 1707 658202
Fax: +44 1707 649279
Registered charity number: 207996
UFAW - working for animals since 1926
Please pass on to other bulletin boards whose members may be interested in UFAW
publications. Thanks!
From: IN%"ACROOK@upei.ca" "Dr. Alice Crook" 24-JAN-1996 12:46:56.63
To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Conference announcement -- please forward
From: "Kenneth D. Pimple"
Subject: Conference announcement -- please forward
*****
May 30-June 1, 1996. A conference entitled "Ethical Issues of Animal
Research" will be held at the Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics
and American Institutions, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.
This conference is jointly sponsored with the Kennedy Institute of
Ethics, Georgetown University, and is part of a series of annual
meetings on animal ethics that the Kennedy Institute has organized.
Registration fee is $300.
This is a multi-disciplinary conference for those broadly interested
in the profound questions of ethics and animal use. Well-balanced,
contrasting viewpoints concerning the use of animals in biomedical and
agricultural research will be presented. Leading experts in the field
will address the following topics: the moral standing of animals,
including religious perspectives; major philosophic arguments for and
against animal research; ethical decision-making on Institutional
Animal Care and Use Committees; personal ethical conflicts in animal
research; and genetic manipulation of animals.
Additional information is available from Kenneth D. Pimple, Ph.D.,
Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions,
Indiana University, 410 North Park Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405.
Tel: (812) 855-0261. Fax: (812) 855-3315. E-mail: pimple@indiana.edu.
=Kenneth D. Pimple, Ph.D., Project Director
="Teaching Research Ethics"
=Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and
=American Institutions; 410 North Park Avenue;
=Bloomington IN 47408; tel 812/855-0261; fax 812/855-3315
= pimple@indiana.edu or pimple@indiana.bitnet
= ftp.indiana.edu/pub/departments/poynter
= gopher.ucs.indiana.edu:1067/11/poynter/gopher
= http://www.indiana.edu/~poynter/index.html
Alice Crook, DVM
Coordinator, Animal Welfare Unit
Atlantic Veterinary College
University of Prince Edward Island
550 University Ave.
Charlottetown, PEI
C1A 4P3
902-628-4360 *** (FAX)902-566-0958
From: IN%"naoabe@agr.tamagawa.ac.jp" 24-JAN-1996 18:38:24.03
To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC: IN%"naoabe@cosmos.tamagawa.ac.jp"
Subj: Introduction
My name is Naoshige ABE.
I'm an assistant professor in the experimental livestock farm
at Tamagawa university ,Tokyo Japan.
I'm working on the behaviour of cattles and the interaction between
animals and human.
I'm also interested in the temperament of cattles.
I am looking forward to exchanging opinion.
----------------------------------------------------
Naoshige Abe
Experimental Livestockfarm
Faculty of Agriculture
Tamagawa University
Machida,Tokyo 194
JAPAN
E-mail naoabe@agr.tamagawa.ac.jp
Phone 0427-39-8296
Fax 0427-39-8854
----------------------------------------------------
From: IN%"mranson@rspca.demon.co.uk" "Mark Ranson" 25-JAN-1996 04:12:46.21
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Ducks and water
Firstly may I introduce myself to subscribers of the applied ethology
discussion group. My name is Mark Ranson. I am Senior Scientific Officer
for the Farm Animals Department of the Royal Society for the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) in the United Kingdom. The RSPCA is the
worlds oldest animal welfare organisation. The Society has three
scientific / technical departments - farm animals, research animals
and wildlife.
My postal address is: RSPCA, Causeway, Horsham, West Sussex, UK, RH12 1HG
The aim of the Farm Animals Department is to improve the conditions in
which farm animals are reared, transported and slaughtered. The RSPCA
addresses farm animal welfare problems through campaigns directed
towards both UK and European Union governments and consumers. These
are balanced with close liaison with UK government agriculture departments
and the farming industry together with funding research programmes at
various institutions throughout the UK.
Whilst I am involved in all areas of farm animal welfare I am particularly
interested in poultry welfare. The department is currently looking at
the welfare of farmed ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). In particular do
farmed ducks need an aquatic environment? In terms of allowing the
animals to express its' natural behaviour, I would suggest it does. Is
there any scientific work which will support / refute this? Do ducks
which do not have access to water for swimming show frustration / abnormal
behaviour?
-------------------------------------
Name: Mark Ranson
E-mail: mranson
Date: 01/24/96
Time: 10:07:48
This message was sent by Chameleon
-------------------------------------
From: IN%"J.Burke-1@plymouth.ac.uk" 25-JAN-1996 04:38:22.89
To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: litter id
I am looking for a way to identify litters of piglets from birth to
three weeks of age in a group farrowing system. For my purpose, marking
with sprays would be too disruptive and I am told that ear tags will not
work as they will be lost.
Has anyone had experience of ear tagging or use of other forms of
identification at this age? I would be grateful for any suggestions,
including names of manufacturers where appropriate.
Thank you in advance
Jean Burke
Jean Burke,
PhD Student
Seale-Hayne Faculty
University of Plymouth
Newton Abbot
Devon TQ12 6NQ
England
Tel 01626 325637
Fax 01626 325605
From: IN%"kckissan@alpha.delta.edu" "Kelly Caithlin Kissane" 25-JAN-1996 08:34:09.13
To: IN%"J.Burke-1@plymouth.ac.uk" "jean burke"
CC: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
Subj: RE: litter id
Jean,
How about tattoing the ears?
Kelly C. Kissane
From: IN%"BJORN.FORKMAN@bbsrc.ac.uk" "Bjorn Forkman" 25-JAN-1996 09:41:34.29
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Job vacancy
A 3 year position is vacant for a research assistant within the project "The
assessment of motivation and cognition in poultry" at Roslin Institute,
Edinburgh. The applicant should have a B.Sc. in Animal behaviour or
Psychology.
The main aim of the project is to study cognition in domestic poultry. The
work will consist mainly of behavioural observations and operant studies.
Persons with previous experience with setting up and carrying out behavioural
and/or conditioning experiments are preferred.
Starting salary: 11 929 - 16 297
Closing date:23rd of February
For further information contact me at,
bjorn.forkman@bbsrc.ac.uk
Phone: (0)131-440 27 26
Fax: (0)131-440 04 34
Bjorn Forkman
From: IN%"D.B.MORTON@BHAM.ac.uk" 25-JAN-1996 12:12:43.42
To: IN%"J.Burke-1@plymouth.ac.uk", IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: RE: litter id
Dear Jean,
In rabbits we have marked the inside of their ears with marker pens
(non-water soluble) plus the outside if the animals need to be
identified quickly. You may need only to use one surface. We find that
we have to renew the marks every week or so in some rabbits depending on
their hygiene habits.
One can use different coloured pens to help numbers and letter to
identify more animals.
David M.
Prof.David.B.Morton | Janet: D.B.Morton@uk.ac.bham
Biomedical Science and Ethics | Internet: D.B.Morton@bham.ac.uk
The Medical School |
University of Birmingham |
Birmingham | Tel: +44 - (0)121 414 3616
B15 2TT, UK Fax: +44 - (0)121 414 6979
From: IN%"RWOLFE@uga.cc.uga.edu" "Randy" 25-JAN-1996 14:42:49.46
To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Radio-telemetry
We are investigating the possibility of using radio-telemetry in our study
of free-ranging cats. If anyone has used a particular system I would like your
opinion of the system and pertinant info regarding cost, limitations of the
system and purveyors. I will gladly compile this info and make it available to
all. Thanks for your time.
Randy
Randall C. Wolfe
c/o Anatomy & Radiology
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
Athens, Ga. 30602
From: IN%"dacserm@prfsio.bio.unipr.it" 26-JAN-1996 03:29:56.30
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: RE: litter id
>>I am looking for a way to identify litters of piglets from birth to
>>three weeks of age in a group farrowing system. For my purpose, marking
>>with sprays would be too disruptive and I am told that ear tags will not
>>work as they will be lost.
>>
>In rabbits we have marked the inside of their ears with marker pens
>(non-water soluble) plus the outside if the animals need to be
>identified quickly. You may need only to use one surface. We find that
>we have to renew the marks every week or so in some rabbits depending on
>their hygiene habits.
>
>One can use different coloured pens to help numbers and letter to
>identify more animals.
Marker pens are probably useful for rabbits but not for piglets. In fact
their ears are naked and they easily suck penmates' ears. Experience tells
me that marker pens and/or spray is correctly readable within a couple of
days on ears and 4-5 days, maybe even a week, on the back. Ear notching is
more reliable.
Davide Csermely
*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*
= =
+ Davide Csermely +
= Dip. Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale Intl. Phone: +39-521-905632 =
* Universita` di Parma Intl. Fax : +39-521-905657 *
= Viale delle Scienze Email: DACSERM@prfsio.bio.unipr.it =
+ 43100 Parma, Italy URL : http://prfsio.bio.unipr.it +
= =
*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*=+=*
From: IN%"vet@physiol.ox.ac.uk" "Veterinary Services" 26-JAN-1996 06:11:15.64
To: IN%"APPLIED-ETHOLOGY@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: "soft capture" traps
We have had an inquiry from someone at Earthwatch Europe (a
grant-awarding organisation ) looking for information on the use of
leg hold traps - so-called "soft capture" traps - for live capture of
small to medium sized carnivores. They want to come to an informed
position regarding their financial support for projects using such
traps, and would be interested to have policy statements and /or views
or experiences - be they positive or negative - from anyone working
in this area.Professor Morton has suggested that I should post a
question to Applied Ethology. I will collate any replies and shall
respect anonymity if necessary,
Thanks,
Bethan Foden, Veterinary Services, Oxford University.
From: IN%"ujhhtpo@ucl.ac.uk" "ujhhtpo" 26-JAN-1996 10:15:13.95
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: leg hold traps
Just a quick reply on leg hold traps. Please confirm that with soft capture
traps you still mean traps that will restrain animals by a limb. If so, on
animal welfare grounds, these are still unacceptable. I can provide more
information when you confirm my question.
Thanks
Vicky Taylor
Universities Federation for Animal Welfare
From: IN%"Ernest.Olfert@sask.usask.ca" "ERNEST OLFERT" 26-JAN-1996 11:04:21.04
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: "Soft" Leghold Traps
Vicky Taylor, UFAW stated, in her message:
Just a quick reply on leg hold traps. Please confirm that with soft capture
traps you still mean traps that will restrain animals by a limb. If so, on
animal welfare grounds, these are still unacceptable. I can provide more
information when you confirm my
Vicky Taylor
Universities Federation for Animal Welfare
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I would be interested in the welfare grounds on which the
conclusion has been made that soft leghold traps are
unacceptable. The statement made is quite "black and white",
while the decision to use such devices is probably made in
a given circumstance where the options for live capture
are such that the soft leghold trap is the best (least
harmful) choice.
It is the difficulty of evaluating the relative humane-ness,
or the relative welfare-negative-ness of the various wild
animal capture methods, that bothers me. At our animal
care committee level we review protocols that include
wild animal capture (by experienced wildlife biologists) using
a number of different techniques, and the question of whether
a proposed technique is the most acceptable, is debated.
Often it is the biologists assurance that their long
experience has "narrowed the field of options for capturing
the animals in question" to the one being proposed, as the
best one. In the absence of firm information that the
proposed capture method is relatively less- or more-
harmful, from a welfare perspective, than other methods, we
accept the "expert's" opinion.
Any information you can provide on the unacceptability of
the soft leghold trap would be appreciated.
Bye for now. Ernest D. Olfert
============================================================
_ ,/| Ernest D. Olfert, Director, Animal Resources
'\`o O' Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 120
=(_^_)= Maintenance Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
|U| Canada S7N 5C4 Telephone: 306-966-4124
Fax: 306-966-8850 OLFERT@SASK.USASK.CA
============================================================
From: IN%"Frank.Odberg@rug.ac.be" "Frank Odberg" 26-JAN-1996 12:05:11.31
To: IN%"vet@physiol.ox.ac.uk" "Veterinary Services"
CC: IN%"APPLIED-ETHOLOGY@sask.usask.ca"
Subj: RE: "soft capture" traps
As president of the Belgian Animal Welfare Council I have been lobbied
some years ago by anti-fur people and by the fur industry. In that
connection a "soft" leghold trap for medium sized mammals (such as
wolves) was shown to me (with rubber jaws) by the fur industry people. I did
put my hand in it; I was stuck but it is true that it was not painful.
When I asked what happened next, the answer was that the animal simply
died from cold exposure some hours later! The problem is thus not such
much the capture as such, but what happens afterwards. Caught animals
should be, according to the purpose, e.g. marked or transferred to a cage
as soon as possible in order to limit the immobilzation stress, the
chances of being eaten by a predator, etc.
In any case, on a more general level, in my opinion the ISO criteria
proposed
recently by the industry to determine what is a "humane" trap, are not
acceptable. Such traps do not deserve the qualification of "humane".
Frank Odberg
From: IN%"D.B.MORTON@BHAM.ac.uk" 29-JAN-1996 03:55:55.54
To: IN%"Ernest.Olfert@sask.usask.ca", IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: RE: Hardly "Soft"? Leghold Traps
Dear Ernie,
Why don't your scientists use box traps? Compared with leghold traps
they must be more humane because of the reduced chance of injury for
most species, and less chance of fracturing bones, producing crushing
injuries or killing the animals.
Are these traps so 'soft' such that the biologists would be prepared to
be caught by one?
Is restraint by being held 'firm' (vice-like grip) worse for the animal
than being restrained in a box/cage?
>>At our animal care committee level we review protocols that include
wild animal capture (by experienced wildlife biologists) using
a number of different techniques, and the question of whether
a proposed technique is the most acceptable, is debated.
Often it is the biologists assurance that their long
experience has "narrowed the field of options for capturing
the animals in question" to the one being proposed, as the
best one. In the absence of firm information that the
proposed capture method is relatively less- or more-
harmful, from a welfare perspective, than other methods, we
accept the "expert's" opinion.<<
Is there an onus on the biologists to gain that 'firm information'?
The ethics committee could always say 'no' to the project on a cost
(harm) benefit weighing analysis?? Or are the benefits so great?
Anyway, trust you're keeping well
David
Prof.David.B.Morton | Janet: D.B.Morton@uk.ac.bham
Biomedical Science and Ethics | Internet: D.B.Morton@bham.ac.uk
The Medical School |
University of Birmingham |
Birmingham | Tel: +44 - (0)121 414 3616
B15 2TT, UK Fax: +44 - (0)121 414 6979
From: IN%"neville.prescott@bbsrc.ac.uk" "PRESCOTT" 29-JAN-1996 05:46:52.80
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj:
Just a quick note to introduce myself to the network. My name is Neville
Prescott and I have recently started a three year post-doc at Silsoe Research
Institute looking at the visual perception of chickens. The aim of this is to
determine the degree to which the lighting environment of chicken houses
affects their ability to see.
Prior to this I spent three years chasing cows around a cold,
draughty shed in the south of England studying cow behaviour and
automatic milking. This was to
try and answer the question- why do cows interact with an automatic milking
system? In the main the answer was, stunningly, because they like being fed.
Neville Prescott
From: IN%"joseph.garner@new.oxford.ac.uk" "Joseph Garner" 29-JAN-1996 08:15:55.63
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: RE: "Soft" Leghold Traps
A few ideas about live-trapping:
Some animals respond rather badly to having their leg trapped, and will
mutilate themselves whilst attempting to escape. For this reason, why not
use a trap which captures the animal in a nest box, such as the longworth
live trap.
Joe.
From: IN%"ujhhtpo@ucl.ac.uk" "ujhhtpo" 29-JAN-1996 09:10:43.15
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC: IN%"vet@physiol.ox.ac.uk"
Subj: leghold traps
I've tried unsuccessfully to put the UFAW leaflet Trapping Animals for
Fur - the current situation onto the bulletin board but I keep losing
half of it! It was produced in Nov 94 but should still be of interest.
Please send me your name and address if you would like to receive it.
Vicky Taylor, UFAW
From: IN%"rushenj@EM.AGR.CA" "Jeff Rushen" 29-JAN-1996 10:16:47.18
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: seeking Tarjei Tennessen
Hello Everybody,
I am trying to find an email address for Tarjei Tennessen. I know he used
to be here. Hello Tarjei!!! Come in, Tarjei!!! Yo-hooooo!!!
(Does anyone know his address?)
Jeff Rushen
rushenj@em.agr.ca
From: IN%"s940647@student.ulg.ac.be" 29-JAN-1996 11:04:30.73
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj:
hi
I just want to introduce myself: I'm a french student in second=20
year of Biology at the university of Li=E8ge, belgium. I prepare a licence=
of
Zoology.
I subscribe to Applied-ethology to deepen my knowwledges in animal behaviour
and to know present experimental researches in ethology.
Guillemette Lauters
s940647@student.ulg.ac.be
From: IN%"marc@stat.fmv.ulg.ac.be" 29-JAN-1996 11:12:13.63
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: infanticide
Hello everybody,
I would really appreciate if somebody could send me some references about
infanticide in domestic species.
Thank you for your consideration.
Marc
From: IN%"gfb1@email.psu.edu" "G. F. Barbato" 29-JAN-1996 11:25:54.67
To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: back to billions of domestic animals....
it seems before we got sidetracked on the definition of a billion (10^9, in
this note), somebody asked about the population of domestic animals in the
world. the following table from the World Resources Institute (1994)
describes both the average # (in billions) per year from 1990-92 and the
percentage change (in parentheses) from 1980-82.
cattle 1.3 billion (4%)
sheep and goats 1.8 (13)
pigs 0.9 (10)
equines 0.1 (7)
buffaloes and camels 0.2 (16)
chickens 17.2 (132)
people 5.3 (19)
[averaged from sources in Appendix 2, Cohen, 1995]
oddly (to me, anyway), in 1992, domestic animals were fed 37% of all grain
produced -- which dropped from 41% in 1972 (also Cohen, 1995).
gfb
==============================================
//// G. F. Barbato Phone: (814)-865-4481
< * ) Dept. Poultry Science FAX: (814)-865-5691
\ \__/// Penn State University Lab: (814)-865-3189
( --- ) University Park, PA 16802 Email: gfb1@psu.edu
\/ \/ **** URL: http://ps235.cas.psu.edu/ ****
==============================================
" Things which matter most must never
be at the mercy of things which matter least."
-------- Goethe
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
From: IN%"bhuber@esh.unibe.ch" 30-JAN-1996 03:48:00.19
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: A new member
Dear all
Here is an other new member on this network. My name is Beat Huber-Eicher.
I used to work with Corvus corax (social structure of non-breeder flocks)
and Lagopus mutus (reaction to human disturbance, energy requirements of
breeding hens) and I am still very much interested in this two species.
Since 2 years my research interest is focused on domestic fowl and the
problem of 'feather pecking'. I am working on a PhD with the aim of getting
a better understanding of the motivational aspects of this abnormal
behaviour. 'Feather pecking' is not only a problem with caged hens, but can
also be observed in alternative housing systems like aviary. Less obvious
is its occurrence in free ranging domestic fowls. If you have any
information on this please let me know.
With the best wishes for the rest of 1996
Beat
B. Huber-Eicher
Universit=E4t Bern
Ethologische Station Hasli
Wohlenstrasse 50a
CH-3032 Hinterkappelen / Switzerland
=46ax: 031 / 631 91 41 e-mail: bhuber@esh.unibe.ch
From: IN%"xavier@clermont.inra.fr" "BOIVIN Xavier" 30-JAN-1996 10:18:11.50
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: EEG telemetry
Dear all,
We are investigating the possibility of using telemetry to record
psycho-physiological data such as heart rate regarding large animals
(cattle, sheep) applications. If anyone has used a particular system we
would like your opinion about it and information regarding cost and
limitations of the system...
Thanks for your consideration.
Xavier Boivin and Alain Boissy
Lab. Adaptation des Herbivores aux milieux
INRA-Theix
F-63122 Saint genes Champanelle
France
Fax (33) 73 62 41 18
From: IN%"jamench@ucdavis.edu" "Joy A. Mench" 30-JAN-1996 13:50:27.85
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "appl-ethol"
CC:
Subj: Job announcement
POSTDOCTORAL POSITION available immediately to study social behavior in
domestic fowl. Experience in collection and analysis of behavioral data
essential. Curriculum vitae and names of three references to: Dr. Joy
Mench, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
95616. FAX: 916-752-7125, Email: JAMENCH@ucdavis.edu. The University of
California, Davis is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
From: IN%"BJORN.FORKMAN@bbsrc.ac.uk" "Bjorn Forkman" 31-JAN-1996 08:25:46.62
To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Giulia Zanone
Sorry to bother everyone, if you are not Giulia
Zanone then just delete message.
Dear Giulia Zanone,
I have tried to reach you via e-mail but our
network insists your address does not exist.
If you give me your fax number I'll reply to
your question in that way.
Best wishes
Bjorn Forkman
From: IN%"joseph.garner@new.oxford.ac.uk" "Joseph Garner" 31-JAN-1996 08:46:49.49
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "Ethology Applied"
CC:
Subj: Vole Treats
Has anyone out there done operant work with Bank Voles?
I'm looking for differences in extinction. I plan to provide operant
levers in the home cage, and I'm trying to come up with a few suitable
rewards. The home cage contains wood chips, hay, water and feed (SDS mouse
diet supplemented with oats).
Bank Voles are omnivores, but their diet is predominately seed based.
Current possibilites include:
Environmental:
1. switch on a heater for a short time
Edible:
1. hamster feed.
2. oats.
3. grubs or pupae.
4. blackberries
Drink:
1. Juice???
2. Condensed milk???
Any suggestions or comments would be welcome.
Thanks.
Joe.
From: IN%"Benny_EREZ@umail.umd.edu" 31-JAN-1996 10:22:15.05
To: IN%"applied-ethology-error@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: RE: EEG telemetry
Dear Xavier Boivin and Alain Boissy
Here is a list of companies that manufacture Telemetry Systems.
Telonics
932 E Impala Ave * Mesa Arizona 85204 * USA
Tel (602) 892-4444
A.V.M instrument company, LTD.
2368 research drive * Livermore,CL 94 550 * USA
Tel 510-449-2286
Mini-mitter Co.,Inc
P.O.Box 3386 * Sunriver, OR 97707 * USA
Tel (541) 593-8639
Fax (541) 541 593-5604
Polar CIC, Inc * 99 Seaview Boulevard * Port Washington, NY 11050
Tel 1-800-227-1314
Best regards
Benny Erez
E-mail be7@umail.umd.edu
From: IN%"jamench@ucdavis.edu" "Joy A. Mench" 31-JAN-1996 11:25:16.79
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca" "appl-ethol"
CC:
Subj: Job announcement
Please note that there is an error in the message below: The phone number
is 916-752-7125, the fax number is 916-752-0175. Sorry for any frustration
this may have caused!
Joy Mench
POSTDOCTORAL POSITION available immediately to study social behavior in
domestic fowl. Experience in collection and analysis of behavioral data
essential. Curriculum vitae and names of three references to: Dr. Joy
Mench, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA
95616. FAX: 916-752-7125, Email: JAMENCH@ucdavis.edu. The University of
California, Davis is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
From: IN%"pavlin@mech.tu-graz.ac.at" 31-JAN-1996 11:29:20.78
To: IN%"Applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Bat's behaviour.
Hi,
I'm actually working on an autonomous mobile robot. It should be able to
build a map of its environment by using one or more sonars.
As far as I know, the bats posses superb abilities to navigate and to catch
their prey at night. They operate in a territory covering several square
miles and they can avoid very small obstacles (thin wires etc.). It seems
that the bats use some kind of a map and landmarks. I hope that I could
draw some conclusions about their representation of the environment if I
kew how the bats behave in different situations.
I have the following questions dealing with the bat's behaviour:
- How do the bats investigate their hunting territory? (The way they fly
and use their sonar and other senses in order to learn the landmarks in
their territory.)
- How do the bats fly from and back to their cave? (Do they use always the
same path and the same landmarks?)
- If the bats use a map, how do they recognize landmarks in their hunting
territory?
(Patterns of returned echoes etc.)
- Where can I find the literature about this topic?
With best regards
Gregor Pavlin
pavlin@fmechds01.tu-graz.ac.at
From: IN%"wattsjon@duke.usask.ca" "Jon Watts" 31-JAN-1996 11:49:57.69
To: IN%"xavier@clermont.inra.fr" "BOIVIN Xavier"
CC: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
Subj: RE: EEG telemetry
On Tue, 30 Jan 1996, Xavier Boivin and Alain Boissy wrote:
>
> Dear all,
>
> We are investigating the possibility of using telemetry to record
> psycho-physiological data such as heart rate regarding large animals
> (cattle, sheep) applications. If anyone has used a particular system we
> would like your opinion about it and information regarding cost and
> limitations of the system...
>
> Thanks for your consideration.
>
>
A while ago I posted a similar request for information about equipment
for heart rate telemetry. I received a number of replies that were very
helpful and informative. Perhaps some of those same people will respond
to the request made by Drs Boivin and Boissy.
The systems described to me were of two types. Firstly there are the
purpose built animal telemetry systems sold by companies including
Mini-mitter and Telonics. These are capable of excellent performance,
long range, battery life etc. On the other hand most are designed to be
surgically implanted, which may not be desirable. Also the systems are
fairly costly although they do offer lots of nifty features like being
able to load your telemetered data straight from the animal to the computer.
The other type was the Polar Sport Tester. This is a much cheaper device,
an adaptation of the kind of heart-monitoring wristwatch worn by neurotic
joggers. Since the transmitter and receiver both have to be attached to
the animal and the data retrieved later, it is not really a telemetry
device but more of a data logger. You can also get a gadget to dump data
from the watch into a computer. It only records heartrate however, not
ECG data. This device has been used in a number of published studies now.
These kind of equipment are better described by people who have had
actual experience with using them. I hope they will post their
experiences to Applied-Ethology. I was lucky enough to be able to try out
another way.
We were able to obtain, on free loan from our Physical Education dept, an
old hospital heart monitoring machine ("Paragon 420", Quinton Instrument
Company, Seattle WA). This receives displays ECG traces and heart rate
from up to four hospital patients, each of whom would wear stick-on
electrodes and a lightweight radio transmitter about the size of a
cigarette packet. Being of mid 1980s vintage, this thing has been
replaced in many hospitals by more sophisticated models. The machine we
are using found its way to the Phys Ed dept where they used it to monitor
athletes running around in the gym until they started using the Polar
Sport devices. So they agreed to lend it to us to use on cattle. This
system isn't perfect, but in our case it was free so we decided to see
what we could do with it.
We tried out various electrode arrangements using two or three leads in
different positions. Initially we stuck hospital adhesive electrodes
dirctly onto shaved skin and secured them with tape, glue etc. This
worked fine when it worked, but they kept coming off and we had to
subject the animals to repeated peeling, shaving, gluing and so on.
Eventually we found that a couple of steel surgical staples placed in the
skin provides excellent contact for the transmitter leads, stays in place
well and can be removed quickly when no longer needed. Also the cattle
hardly seem to react when you put the staples in. We have been sticking
the transmitters onto the back of the animals using velcro, one side on
the transmitter case and the other side glued to the animal. Some sort of
collar or harness to hold the transmitter would also be a possibility.
With this set up we can view the ECGs of up to four cattle at once while
they come through our handling facility and get exposed to various
conditions. The range is 50m or more under ideal conditions, but
less where there are walls etc intervening. Though in general there is no
problem picking up a signal from an adjacent room. The machine also has a
heart rate display for each channel. This doesn't work very accurately
for our purposes because it works by detecting peak voltages in the ECG
and was, of course, designed for humans whose ECG looks pretty different
from a cow's. Also it only updates the HR every four seconds which isn't
good enough for the jobs we want to do. However we can get over this
problem by using the built-in printer to print out the trace and get the
heart rate by working out the mean interbeat interval over several
beats using a ruler and a calculator. This would seem to be quite an
accurate method. I might also try capturing the CRT display on video as
this would offer a way to actually get all four heart rates simultaneously.
As I say, it isn't perfect but it is cheap. Maybe you can obtain some
obsolete hospital gear and turn it into something useful.
Hope this helps.
Jon Watts
University of Saskatchewan.
From: IN%"gfb1@email.psu.edu" "G. F. Barbato" 31-JAN-1996 15:39:42.07
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: back to billions of domestic animals....
it seems before we got sidetracked on the definition of a billion (10^9, in
this note), somebody asked about the population of domestic animals in the
world. the following table from the World Resources Institute (1994)
describes both the average # (in billions) per year from 1990-92 and the
percentage change (in parentheses) from 1980-82.
cattle 1.3 billion (4%)
sheep and goats 1.8 (13)
pigs 0.9 (10)
equines 0.1 (7)
buffaloes and camels 0.2 (16)
chickens 17.2 (132)
people 5.3 (19)
[averaged from sources in Appendix 2, Cohen, 1995]
oddly (to me, anyway), in 1992, domestic animals were fed 37% of all grain
produced -- which dropped from 41% in 1972 (also Cohen, 1995).
gfb
==============================================
//// G. F. Barbato Phone: (814)-865-4481
< * ) Dept. Poultry Science FAX: (814)-865-5691
\ \__/// Penn State University Lab: (814)-865-3189
( --- ) University Park, PA 16802 Email: gfb1@psu.edu
\/ \/ **** URL: http://ps235.cas.psu.edu/ ****
==============================================
" Things which matter most must never
be at the mercy of things which matter least."
-------- Goethe
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
From: IN%"STOOKEY@sask.usask.ca" 31-JAN-1996 16:33:47.42
To: IN%"applied-ethology@sask.usask.ca"
CC:
Subj: Electroejaculation
Dear All,
I have been contacted by the Alberta Veterinary Association requesting
information on electroejaculation. Specifically, the committee would like
to know if there is any data that establishes the effective current and
frequency of electricity to achieve ejaculation for bulls? At what level
does the current and frequency become inhumane?
"The committee is aware that electroejaculation has been banned in some
European countries and would not like that situation to develop in Western
Canada. The committee is considering a compulsory monitoring and
maintenance program for electroejaculators. This would ensure that equipement
used in practice is functioning properly."
I would appreciate any information that you would have that could help this
committee arrive at an informed decision. Is anyone aware of the information
that was available or discussions/views/arguements that were voiced that led to
the ban in European countries?
For those of you in countries where a ban is in place, what procedure would
you recommend for semen collection? In the Western Canadian Provinces a
veterinarian may be called to semen evaluate (literally) hundreds of beef bulls
each breeding season. Without the electroejaculators the task seems
insurmountable. Any information or advice would be greatly appreciated.
Sincerely,
Joe
=================================
Joseph M. Stookey
Department of Herd Medicine and Theriogenology
Western College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
S7N 0W0 Canada
stookey@sask.usask.ca
================================