Learning Outcomes• By the end of the lecture, and with additional reading, students should: - be able to articulate the two system hypothesis - be aware of the evidence in support of differential rates of maturation in the socio-emotional and cognitive control systems - be aware of the theoretical implications of differential rates of maturation in the socio-emotional and cognitive control systems

Studying Adolescence• Study of adolescent thinking dominated by Piagetian theory until the 1980s • Accepted by most textbooks but not empirically testable • Search for framework of understanding for 25 years • Conventional models of adolescent thinking do not adequately account for adolescent behaviour

A puzzle to ponder….• Research clearly shows that, by age 16, individuals show adult levels of performance on tasks of basic information processing and logical reasoning • But in real world situations adolescents show poorer judgment than adults

APA Perspectives on Abortion and Juvenile CulpabilityHodgson vs Minnesota (APA Amicus brief to court) By age 14 most adolescents have developed adult-like intellectual and social capabilities including specific abilities outlined in the law as necessary for understanding treatment alternatives, considering risks and benefits, and giving legally competent consent

Roper vs Simmons (APA Amicus brief to court)Given that 16- and 17-year olds as a group are less mature developmentally than adults, imposing capital punishment on such adolescents does not serve the judicially recognised purposes of the sanction

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25/02/2011

A Bad Press for the APA• Scalia on Psychologists The APA which claims in this case that scientific evidence show persons under 18 lack the ability to take moral responsibility for their decsisions, has previously taken precisely the opposite position before this very court An apparent contradiction? Where should we draw the legal boundary?

The Public Health ContextCompared to adults, adolescents… • Have more fatal car crashes (even adjusting for inexperience) • Commit more crimes (property and violent) • Engage in more binge drinking • Are less likely to practice safe sex • Attempt suicide more often • Expensive members of society!

A Tale of Two Systems
• The Social-Emotional System • The Cognitive Control System • Both systems have been shown to undergo significant change during the adolescent decade.

Summary 1• The excitation of the Socioemotional system occurs early in adolescence • The maturation of the cognitive control system is gradual and not complete until late in adolescence • The „accelerator‟ is activated before a braking system is in place • The engine starts without a skilled driver

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The reader may or may not believe in the afterlife, or maybe the reader just don’t have an opinion on it. Whatever the reader believes, this paper will bring different views and possible explanations to your attention. This paper will also contain a personal conclusion of the question, “Are neardeathexperiences visions of the afterlife?” It will discuss inconsistencies, consistencies, and possible causes along with stories from people who claimed to have been to the afterlife and...

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This Paper dives into the psychological definition of a neardeathexperience, the supposed experiences and the possible causes of what is scientifically and/or spiritually happening.
NearDeathExperiencesNeardeathexperiences, also known, as NDE’s are one of psychologies most interesting studies. Typically an average person would think that during an NDE a person goes to heaven and comes back to life, but is that what is really happening? The bottom line is that there is no immediate answer to what really happens during a neardeathexperience.
What is a NearDeathExperience?
What are NearDeathExperiences? According to the APA Dictionary of Psychology a NearDeathExperience (NDE) is defined as the following: an image, perception, event, interaction, or feeling (or a combination of any of these) reported by some people after a life-threatening episode. Typical features include a sense of separation from the body, often accompanied by the ability to look down on the situation; a peaceful...

...The life after a coma
Have you ever wanted to get outa your body be able to fly to sneak into a conversation to be somewhere where nobody can see you , to float in the air ??
Well that happened to about 20 million on european population and 12 million of the american population who had been through neardeathexperience .
These phenomena are usually reported after an individual has been pronounced clinically dead or was in coma or very close to death for a little moment (usually it vary in time between a few seconds and a few minutes) no more than that otherwise ur definitely dead .
First im gonna talk about the common steps and proceeding of a neardeathexperience and how ppl live after undergoing that
Then ill talk about how science react to those phenomen . and its skepticism .
neardeathexperience
It occurs to ppl who have havd serious accidents and were announced dead for couples minutes or ppl who woke up after a coma for a certain period of time.
psychiatrist Raymond Moody wrote a book about what it is like to die in wich he examined 150 case of NDE experiencers.. He identified a common set of elements:
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...Near-DeathExperiences: Psychological or Paranormal?
Undergoing a near-deathexperience is said to be unique and even sometimes unsettling. It can occur under a few differing circumstances, but is most likely to happen when one is on the brink of death. The cause is yet to be positively determined, yet most characteristics of a near-deathexperience can be attributed to psychological reasoning rather than paranormal.
Scientists have given valid explanations for most characteristics of NDE’s . Some common features include intense emotions, rapid movement through darkness (often to a light), a sense of being somewhere else (not of this world), encounters with deceased loved ones and a review of one’s own life, and sometimes an Out of Body Experience (IANDS). Scientist Susan Blackmore hypothesized these characteristics may be due to brain states that are triggered by anesthesia and cardiac arrest. The ‘tunnel into light’ sensation (see figure 1) can be attributed to a phenomenon known as hypotensive syncope, which can cause tunnel-like peripheral to central vision loss. Many nueroscientific studies have shown that brain pathology can lead to visions of deceased ones, angels, ghosts, or a religious figure. This can result from abnormal dopamine functioning, a nuerochemical that can induce hallucinations (Mobbs &...

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...Beautiful Summer Days To A Cold Sad End
It’s occasionally said that human beings are the only creatures who are aware of their own death, but is this actually true? The term death is often used lightly and has been made into something of an unimportant subject. Fact of the matter is that many of us don’t want to think aboutdeath, we live in a death denying culture. Few individuals truly grasp the concept ofdeath and how it can distort the lives of the people it comes in contact with. I was among the naïve until right before my senior year of High School. I lived a life where I wasn’t worried about the future let alone death; I was worried about the present and what I had now. It started with a girl and ended with a trip down a flight of stairs. My neardeathexperience has tremendously changed the way I live and perceive life, thus defining who I am.
Now before I tell you the exact moment of what happen, I have to tell you what lead up to one of the most monumental events of my life. It was breezy but cool early-morning, my parents were bringing me to church to go to a camp in the Adirondacks for a few days. My mom and dad helped me bring my bags to the building and said their final good byes. I approached the church, opening the double doors which revealed a group of my friends talking, laughing, and...

...“Don’t you dare raise your voice at me young man!” Dad barked. He was breathing hard. We were standing so close that I could see the fine hairs on his face. I stared defiantly into his dark eyes and smiled at him. A muscle twitched in his jaw.
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