Neurologist

What Is a Neurologist?

A neurologist is a doctor who specializes in
treating diseases of the nervous system. The nervous system comprises the
central and peripheral nervous system. This complex system involves the spinal
cord and the brain.

Illnesses, disorders, and injuries that involve
the nervous system frequently require a neurologist’s treatment.

In addition to graduating from medical school
and completing an internship, neurologists complete three years’ training in a
neurology residency program.

headaches, such as cluster headaches, migraines, and headaches of
unknown origin

Neurologist Subspecialties

Because the nervous system is complex, a neurologist
may specialize in a specific area. Subspecialties have evolved in order to
narrow a doctor’s focus. For example, some doctors specialize in treating
children with neurological problems.

Some examples of subspecialties are:

headache medicine

clinical neuromuscular pathology

neurocritical care

neuro-oncology

geriatric neurology

autonomic disorders

Typical Neurologist Procedures

With a new patient, a neurologist will start
with a physical exam and a neurological exam. A neurological exam will test
muscle strength, reflexes, and coordination. Since different disorders can have
similar symptoms, doctors often need additional testing to make a diagnosis.

Neurologists participate in a variety of
procedures to help diagnose or treat a condition. Typical
procedures include:

Lumbar Puncture

If a doctor believes symptoms of an illness are related to a
spinal fluid infection, he or she may perform a lumbar puncture. The procedure
involves inserting a needle into the spine and taking a sample of spinal fluid.

Tensilon Test

This procedure can help diagnose certain neuromuscular
disorders. It involves the administration of edrophonium chloride.

Electroencephalogram

Also known as an EEG, this test measures electrical activity
in the brain.

Neurologists use other types of tests, as well. Although
they may not perform the diagnostic test, they may order it, review it, and
interpret the results.

In order to make a diagnosis, a neurologist may use:

computed
tomography (CT) scans

magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI)

positron
emission tomography (PET scan)

Additional diagnostic procedures include sleep studies and
angiography, which determines blockages in the blood vessels going to the
brain.

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