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The Fuji Imaging Plate (IP) is a 2-Dimensional X-ray detector on which a latent X-ray image is stored as a distribution of color centers in a photo-stimulable phosphor(BaFBr:Eu) screen. It has excellent characteristics such as a wide dynamic range of five or more digits and an order of magnitude higher sensitivity than X-ray film. Thus it has been actively used in the field of X-ray single crystal structure analysis.

For polymer studies, 2-D information is useful to analyse a sample's orientation or periodic structure, and some system such as 2-D position sensitive detector (PSD) are widely used. But in spite of the superior performance of the IP which will give significant advantages in various measurements, few applications have been reported in this field, because most conventional IP based systems are specialized for the single crystal structure analysis,

Therefore we developed the R-AXIS II D (Rigaku Automated X-ray Imaging System II D), an IP reader for general X-ray diffractometry which has a removable IP in order for exposure with external X-ray optics, and software which converts 2-D data to conventional 2theta-intensity or beta-intensity data for analysis of crystallinity or orientation. In this paper, we report the performance of R-AXIS II D and its applications to polymer studies and thin film analyses.

A X-ray diffraction system using an Imaging Plate(IP) has been developed for time resolved X-ray measurements. The system consists of a new drum scanning type IP reader which includes a multiple time resolved X-ray exposure mechanism and a simple high temperature sample holder. Both are controlled from a personal computer. The new IP reader also supports 50μm/pixel reading for high resolution type IP (Blue IP), and has a spatial resolution better than 75μm.

Taking advantage of the multifunctional characteristics of carbazole along with rational molecular design, several two-dimensional carbazole chromophores were acquired. Doping the chromophores into poly(ether imide), a series of NLO-active guest-host polymers were obtained. The compatibility between chromophores and poly(ether imide) was investigated by SEM and extraction experiment. After poling, these NLO poly(ether imide)s with large second-order nonlinearities were achieved. Correlation between structure and nonlinear optical characteristics, and the chromophore size effect on the thermal and temporal stability have been probed. Large rotational cone volumes make the two-dimensional chromophores possessing excellent orientational stability at 60.

In poled electro-optical (E-O) polymer systems, the relaxation of oriented chromophores is maintained by either introducing the guest chromophores into host polymers with high glass transition temperatures, or by confining the chromophores in polymer networks. Various highly stable NLO polymers have been prepared by grafting NLO-active chromophores onto aromatic polyimide backbones. The pendent chromophores of side chain polyimides can be stabilized at low temperature because they have rigid rod-like structures. However, the orientation decays quickly at elevated temperatures because the local free volumes that surround the chromophores increase. Taking advantage of the multifunctional characteristics of carbazole along with rational molecular design, a new NLO-active lambda-shape main-chain polyimide that comprises the two-dimensional carbazole chromophore was synthesized. This polyimide exhibits high thermal and temporal stability. it can endure as high as 240 °C in a transient time and maintain large SH signal at 100 °C for a long time. The high-glass transition polyimide as a matrix and embedding the two-dimensional chromophore into the polymer backbone are the major reasons that effectively restrict randomization of the oriented dipole.

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