Copy of Goodenough Harris Drawing Test - Psychometrics Winter2013

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By: Dustyn Lang, Julie Sauve, Ashley GuertinFormerly: Goodenough Draw A Man Test73 criteria either present or absent, 1 pt each12 quality scale cardsraw score into standardized score-mean of 100 and a SD of 15.Quick (15mins), easy and cost efficient to administer and score.Non-threatening to participants.Widely used.unsuitable to compare children across cultures but still may rank children within a culture according to emotional maturity (Harris, 1963).Non-verbal: transcends language barriers.Results alone based off of the GHDT can be misleading therefore it is important to be used within a battery of tests.ReliabilityValidityScales/Dimensions of MeasurementUses single continuous scale but 2 developmental dimensions:

NORMS show difference between males and femalesGENERAL PROCEDURE OF ADMINISTRATIONBRIEF BIOGRAPHYYoungest child, farming family, never married, retired early due to physical degeneration, passed away due to stroke in 1959 worked with Terman at Stanford (intelligence tests)Background InfoSCORING CRITERIAGHDT Pros/ConsSketchesAdministered by educators or psychology professionals.The examiner records the respondent's information (name, age, school-grade, sex).The respondent is asked to draw a picture of a man, a woman and themselves on a blank sheet of paper.Paper and pencil test.Administered in groups or individually.Un-timed, but generally takes about 15 minutes.THE GOODENOUGH HARRIS DRAWING TESTHISTORYFounders:Florence

Goodenough1926 - Goodenough Draw a man testOriginal Test:Dr. Dale B HarrisandAge 4.51963 GHDT(Goodenough-Harris) Drawing testD-A-M (1963) testInterrater reliability: mid .90sTest-retest: .75 Internal consistency: .80 (Chronbach's Alpha)Split-Half: .77 Spearman Brown FormulaNormed on children aged 5-17 Surveyed children with various racial & ethnic groupsLevel B Test1949 -(Machover)Draw a person testDraw a man test 1926GHDT1988 - (Naglieri)Draw A Person : A Quantitative Scoring Systemchildren were asked to draw a picture of a man on a blank sheet of paperchildren are asked to make 3 separate drawings: one of a male, one of a female and one of themself.separate scoring protocols for man drawing vs. woman drawing.scores of man drawing vs. scores of woman drawing were averaged outdrawing of self remained unscoredGoodenough Harris Drawing test 1963Age 6.5DAP: A Quantitative Scoring System 1988Asked to draw three drawings: one of a man, one of a women and one of the selfThe child is asked questions about the drawingsQuestions are used to try and reveal child's anxieties, self-esteem level, personality and impulses. Assesses psychological issues such as mood disorders.Draw A Person test 1949Child is asked to draw a picture of a man, woman and them selfBelieved test helped to uncover personality traits depending on what characteristics were included in their drawingDraw A Person: Screening Procedure of Emotional DisturbanceCreated by Naglieri in 1992.More specific scoring systembased on large standardization sampleScoring method: 55 items are rated based on drawings/answers given to questionsConcurrent ValidityCorrelations between DAM and Binet IQ (.78)Correlations between DAM and WISC and Stanford Binet Scales(Dunn, 1967).DAM is a projective test making validity lowReferencesCox, M. (1993). Children's drawings of the human figure. Lawrence Erlbaum Associated Inc. Retrieved from http://books.google.ca/books?id=UTWjNsST3skC&pg=PA77&dq=draw a person test&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UvVcUbSgKI7Hswb7lYCwCw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAQDunn, James A. (1967). The Reliability and Validity of the new Harris-Goodenough Draw-a-Man Test. Michigan University: Ann Arbor Midwest ResearchHarris, Dale B (1963). Children's Drawings as Measures of Intellectual Maturity: A Revision and Extension of the Goodenough Draw-a-Man-Test, 1st edn., New York, NY: Harcourt: Brace and World.Jolley, Richard P. (2010) Children and Pictures: Drawing and Understanding. Wiley-Blackwell [Online]. Available at: http://books.google.ca/books?id=QpGS9s9zqMoC&pg=PA182&lpg=PA182&dq=goodenough+harris+drawing+test+reliability&source=bl&ots=Ph740vDq2o&sig=NpGqXBiiHGYk-73ieG9gTWVqI6E&hl=en&sa=X&ei=W49TUbX8EuugyAGW-ID4DA&ved=0CHIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=goodenough%20harris%20drawing%20test%20reliability&f=false (Accessed: March 24 2013).Kaplan, R., & Saccuzzo, D. (2009). Psychological testing - principles, applications and issues. (7 ed.). Stamford, Connecticut : Cengage Learning Inc. Reynolds, C., & Kamphaus, R. (2003). Handbook of psychological and educational assessment of children. (2 ed.). New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.ca/books?id=cOQrEtwSr5QC&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=goodenough harris drawing test history&source=bl&ots=RhXoKN3Dm&xsig=-b4DwM7PsgSQwRiKRF99g_ImBN0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=A-tcUYXJLcT3sgbx3YDQAg&ved=0CGsQ6AEwCQSmith, Jeffery K. (1987). Internal Consistency and Bias Considerations of the Goodenough Harris Draw a Man Test. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 47 (1), 731-736, Retrieved from: http://epm.sagepub.com/content/47/3/731.full.pdf+htmlMachover's Draw A Person testconsists of same tasks as GDHT but uses a different scoring system. It can be used to measure children psychologically, or as a measure of mental ability.(Smith, 1987)NormsScored by Psych Students2975 individuals, equal M&F4 Regions, 75 from each age group7 Occupational Sub-scalesBOYS SCALEGIRLS SCALE(Harris, 1963)(Harris, 1963)(Harris, 1963)

educational settingsused in batterys of psychological testinggives a quick but rough estimate of child’s IQcan be administered in groups or individuallyevaluate children with auditory handicaps and suspected neurological weaknessesTest UsageDiscriminant ValidityDifficult to define due to variety of applicationsResearch Examples318 Eskimo children tested in several remote Alaskan schools.Means of Eskimo children then compared with normative means Eskimo children scored slightly highera smaller amount of cases sampled than normative sample, therefore this difference may be due to sampling error or may be due to cultural differences(Harris, 1963)FLORENCE GOODENOUGHDALE HARRISWorked with Goodenough expanded knowledge of the drawing testRevised the DAM TEST(Jolley, 2010)(Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2003)(Jolley, 2012)(Harris, 1963)(Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2003)(Cox, 1993)