What happens when you shine a light on a black surface?

1. I just wondered what happens on micro scale when you shine a light on a black surface.. Since you see it, does all the photons get absorbed? If they do what happens to the energy, does it convert to thermal energy?

2. If black doesn't reflect any photons, then we should see nothing. But what about a perfect transparent piece of glass, that doesn't reflect any photons either does it?

3. If you put to objects in the sun, a white and a black, the black becomes hotter because it absorbs the light. Can someone explain more deeply what really goes on?

In reading this topic, I just think of a question . As I know, and hope it is correct, the light transmits through a material when its quantum energy is lower than the material band gap, and it is absorbed if the energy is larger than the band gap . So in case the light reflects, what is the reason for that?.
Why both silver and diamond reflect light very well when silver has no band gap and diamond has very large one