Acrosage:
Combination of massage, yoga, and acrobatics was developed by Benjamin
Marantz. The client is placed in an inverted pose atop the acrosager's feet,
their head hanging freely. With no pressure on the neck or spine, the client's
more difficult points can be easily massaged.

Acupressure:An ancient healing art that uses the fingers to press key points on the
surface of the skin to stimulate the body's natural self-curative abilities.
When these points are pressed, they release muscular tension and promote the
circulation of blood and the body's life force (sometimes known as qi or chi) to
aid healing. Acupuncture and acupressure use the same points, but acupuncture
employs needles, while acupressure uses the gentle, but firm pressure of hands
(and even feet). There is a large amount of scientific data demonstrating why
and how acupuncture is effective. But acupressure, the older of the two
traditions, was neglected after the Chinese developed more technical methods for
stimulating points with needles and electricity. Acupressure, however, continues
to be the most effective method for self-treatment of tension-related ailments
by using the power and sensitivity of the human hand. Foremost among the
advantages of acupressure's healing touch is that it is safe to do on yourself
and others - even if you've never done it before - so long as you follow the
instructions and pay attention to the cautions. The only pieces of equipment
needed are your own two hands. You can practice acupressure therapy anytime,
anywhere. Acupressure can be effective in helping relieve headaches, eye strain,
sinus problems, neck pain, backaches, arthritis, muscle aches, tension due to
stress, ulcer pain, menstrual cramps, lower backaches, constipation, and
indigestion. Self-acupressure can also be used to relieve anxiety and get better
sleep at night. There are also great advantages to using acupressure as a way to
balance the body and maintain good health. The healing touch of acupressure
reduces tension, increases circulation, and enables the body to relax deeply. By
relieving stress, acupressure strengthens resistance to disease and promotes
wellness. In acupressure, local symptoms are considered an expression of the
condition of the body as a whole. A tension headache, for instance, may be
rooted in the shoulder and neck area. Thus, acupressure focuses on relieving
pain and discomfort, as well as responding to tension, before it develops into a
disease - before the constrictions and imbalances can do further damage. The
origins of acupressure are as ancient as the instinctive impulse to hold your
forehead or temples when you have a headache. Everyone at one time or another
has used their hands spontaneously to hold tense or painful places on the body.
More than 5,000 years ago, the Chinese discovered that pressing certain points
on the body relieved pain where it occurred and also benefited other parts of
the body more remote from the pain and the pressure point. Gradually, they found
other locations that not only alleviated pain, but also influenced the
functioning of certain internal organs. (Definition in part from the book
Acupressure's Potent Points, by Michael Reed Gach, director of the Acupressure
Institute.)

Ai Chi:A water exercise and relaxation program, created by Jun Konno, to help
aquatic practitioners and students enjoy the water in a flowing, yet powerful
progression. Ai chi, created by combining t'ai chi concepts with shiatsu and
Watsu techniques, is performed standing in shoulder-depth water using a
combination of deep breathing and slow, broad movements of the arms, legs, and
torso. The ai chi progression moves from simple breathing to upper extremity
movement to movement of the trunk, and finally to lower extremity movement. Ai
chi promotes relaxation, stability, and coordinated breathing. It improves
flexibility, mobility, and strength, and it will animate the mind as well as the
body.

Alchemical Synergy:Developed by Kamala Renner, Alchemical Synergy is a process of evolving
universal energy patterns and is used as a holistic counseling system that
focuses on achieving transformation by utilizing the universal four forces of
centripetal, centrifugal, gravity, and electromagnetics - the consciousness
portion of the Big Bang theory relative to the beginning of the universe.
Centripetal controls all inward movement, allowing us to go inside to observe
and reconnect with our inner world which contains knowledge of all that is
natural for us as an individual. Centrifugal controls all outward movement,
allowing interaction of the consciousness with the surroundings and other
people. Centripetal and centrifugal are duality and control all activity that
depends on yin/yang, negative/positive balance for its existence. Gravity
regulates the action of centripetal and centrifugal to ensure universal balance
and stimulates the ability to step out of duality to observe the effect of its
interaction from a neutral space. Electromagnetics is the life force that is a
catalyst for reproduction to occur, allowing the evolution of consciousness to
continue. Synergy training defines every experience in categories relative to
the force from which it originates. When we are aware of the influence of the
four forces, we can begin to alter structures and patterns that cause stagnation
in personal growth. Adapted from Holistic Health Directory.)

Amma/Anma:Amma (sometimes spelled anma) is the traditional word for massage in the
Japanese language. It comes from the Chinese tradition of massage, anmo. This
form of bodywork is based on the principles of Chinese medicine and is more than
5,000 years old. When anmo was brought to Japan, the technique was further
refined into its own therapeutic art form, amma. The amma techniques encompass a
myriad of pressing, stroking, stretching, and percussive manipulations with the
thumbs, fingers, arms, elbows, knees, and feet on acupressure points along the
body's 14 major meridians. Amma brings to Western culture the ancient art and
wisdom of traditional Japanese massage. Through the structure of kata
(choreographed movement), amma teaches the importance of rhythm, pacing,
precision, and form in massage. Shiatsu - a style of bodywork popularized after
World War II - was developed from the amma tradition. Unlike Western massage,
amma utilizes no oils and can be done through clothing with the client either
sitting or lying. This makes amma an extremely flexible style of massage
suitable to a wide variety of client needs and environments.

Aromatherapy:The use of essential oils (which are extracted from herbs, flowers, resin,
woods, and roots) in body and skin care treatments is known as aromatherapy.
Used as a healing technique for thousands of years by the Egyptians, Greeks, and
Romans, essential oils aid in relaxation, improve circulation, and help the
healing of wounds. Aromatherapy diffusers are utilized to fill the massage room
with the scent of the oils. Specific essential oils are blended by the
aromatherapist and added to a carrier oil, such as almond oil, to be used during
the massage. Each of the oils has its own unique characteristics and benefits.
Use of this technique declined as the modern pharmaceutical industry developed.
However, the French chemist Gattefossé revived the art by coining the term
aromatherapy and by publishing a book on the subject in 1928.

Ashiatsu Oriental Bar Therapy:Developed by Ruthie Hardee in 1995, Ashiatsu Oriental Bar Therapy combines
elements of traditional Thai massage, Barefoot shiatsu and Keralite foot massage
(Chavutti Thirummal). Incorporating overhead wooden bar supports, the therapist
uses body weight and gliding foot compression on strategic points along the
muscles. When performed near the spine, this form of effleurage creates a "push,
pull, pumping" effect on the intervertebral disc space and relieves irritations
on the spinal nerve caused by inflammation and swelling. Note: The application
of this technique is not to be done on a floor mat or through clothing. This
technique was designed for smaller, petite therapists who wish to specialize in
deep work.

Ayurvedic:One part of the traditional detoxification and rejuvenation program of India
called panchakarma, in which the entire body is vigorously massaged with large
amounts of warm oil and herbs to remove toxins from the system. With the
client's permission, oil is also poured into the ears, between the eyebrows and
at specific chakras, or energy points, during techniques known respectively as
karna purana, shirodhara, and marma chikitsa. These treatments have been
modified to meet the needs of the West and have been powerful in their effects
upon the mind and nervous system - calming, balancing, and bringing both a
heightened sense of awareness and deep inner peace. The techniques can be done
either as stand-alone treatments or in conjunction with the ayurvedic body
massage. The basis for effectively performing all of the various ayurvedic
massage techniques is a thorough understanding of the primordial energies of the
five elements (ether, air, fire, water, and earth) and of vata, pitta, and kapha
- the three basic constitutional types (similar to the ancient Greek method of
mind/body classification). This knowledge allows the therapist to determine not
only which ayurvedic massage techniques to use, but also how to customize
treatments by selecting the proper oils and herbs and the rate and pressure of
massage strokes to maximize the benefits for each client.

Balinese:Positioned above the client, the Balinese massage therapist performs a
combination of kneading strokes, skin rolling, and foot massage. Treatment is
followed by an application of coconut oil infused with spices.

Bioenergy:Developed and taught by Polish healer Mietek Wirkus, bioenergy is a form of
energy healing. The therapist uses a combination of noninvasive, light physical
touch with manipulation and repatterning of the higher energy bodies and chakras
using only the hands. The objectives are release of physical symptoms associated
with disease and stimulation of the relaxation response to relieve stress and
tension.

BioSync:Nerve impingement in cross-linked connective tissue is a major cause of
chronic and sports-associated pain. Through trauma (injury), compression,
tension, free-radical damage, pollution, and more, cross-linking of connective
tissue is formed. These threads of connective tissue adhere to adjacent strands,
thereby decreasing range of motion, reducing joint space, impinging nerves, and
generally shortening the body. The BioSync method releases collagen
cross-linking by unwinding these locked and hardened strands, thereby restoring
the body's length, flexibility, and function, and allowing regeneration and
revitalization of the whole system. The BioSync method, developed by Mark Lamm,
NMT, is a sophisticated system of neuromuscular rehabilitation and re-education
and has been successful with a wide range of muscular and trauma-related
challenges. It is complementary with existing medical and rehabilitative
procedures.

Chair:A short (15-20 minute) massage of a client sitting in a special, portable
massage chair. The client remains fully clothed and no oils are used while their
shoulders, neck, upper back, head and arms are massaged. On-Site is popular at
some offices as an employee benefit and for some conferences, workshops and
certain social events. Craniosacral Therapy Via a gentle, non-invasive
manipulative technique, this encourages your own natural mechanisms to improve
the functioning of your brain and spinal cord to dissipate the negative effects
of stress, promote good health, and enhance resistance to disease. Reiki During
Reiki, which means "universal life-force energy," the "healer" becomes a
channeler of universal energy. The treatment follows a traditional pattern of
hand positions resting on the body without pressure. Reiki is pure energy, and
brings about deep relaxation and healing.

Couples:A special arrangement that allows a couple to receive their massages at the
same time, in the same room with two massage therapists. The massage may be any
type of massage such as Swedish, deep tissue, etc. Couple's massage is a
wonderful way to share the power and benefits of massage.

Craniosacral:Craniosacral therapy is a gentle, noninvasive method of evaluating and
enhancing the function of a physiological body arrangement called the
craniosacral system. Developed by John E. Upledger, D.O., O.M.M., this manual
therapy enhances the body's natural healing processes and has proven effective
in treating a wide range of medical problems associated with pain and
dysfunction. The craniosacral system consists of the membranes and cerebrospinal
fluid that surround and protect the brain and spinal cord. It extends from the
bones of the skull, face, and mouth - which make up the cranium - down to the
sacrum or tailbone. Since this system influences the development and function of
the brain and spinal cord, any imbalance or dysfunction in the craniosacral
system could cause sensory, motor, or neurological disabilities. These problems
may include chronic pain, eye difficulties, scoliosis, motor-coordination
impairments, learning disabilities, and other dysfunctions of the central
nervous system. Craniosacral therapy encourages the body's natural healing
mechanisms to improve the functioning of the central nervous system, dissipate
the negative effects of stress, and enhance health and resistance to disease.
The craniosacral therapy practitioner uses a light touch to assist the natural
movement of fluid within the craniosacral system. Therapists generally use only
5 grams of pressure, roughly the weight of a nickel, to test for restrictions in
various parts of the craniosacral system. It's often possible for the evaluation
alone to remove the restriction and allow the system to correct itself.

Deep Tissue:Techniques which utilize deep tissue/deep muscle massage are administered to
affect the sub-layer of musculature and fascia. These techniques require more
advanced training and a more thorough understanding of anatomy and physiology.
The muscles must be relaxed in order to effectively perform deep tissue massage,
otherwise tight surface muscles prevent the practitioner from reaching deeper
musculature. It helps with chronic muscular pain and injury rehabilitation, and
reduces inflammation-related pain caused by arthritis and tendonitis. It is
generally integrated with other massage techniques.

Esalen:Developed in the 1960s, this style originated at the Esalen Institute in Big
Sur, Calif., and is based on a combination of Oriental and Swedish massage
techniques. Esalen is light and gentle in nature, emphasizing nurturing and
empathy. The strokes are soft, easy, and slow, prompting deep relaxation. It is
used to reduce stress, relieve pain, improve sleep, aid digestion, and promote
healing.

Feldenkrais:Developed by Russian-born Israeli educator Moshe Feldenkrais, this method
establishes new connections between the brain and body through movement
re-education. One of two formats of instruction is used: Awareness through
movement and functional integration. In the one-on-one functional integration
session, a teacher uses hands-on manipulation to guide the student toward new
movement patterns. Awareness through movement classes are group sessions in
which the teacher verbally guides students through repatterning. Feldenkrais
proposed that nearly our entire spectrum of movement is learned during our first
few years of life, but that these movements represent a mere 5 percent of all
possibilities available to us. Habituated responses to problem areas in our
lives are ingrained in our movement patterns. By retraining the central nervous
system through the skeletal system, old patterns are eliminated and replaced
with new skills that improve the physical, mental, and emotional functioning of
the body. In this way, unconscious movement is brought into conscious awareness
where it may be used as a tool for opening the human potential.

Geriatric:Massage for the elderly. Addresses the psychological and physiological
aspects of aging and its associated diseases. Bodywork, often limited to a
shorter time span, is performed in residential care facilities.

Hot Stone:A unique connection with nature. Stone massage involves the application of
water-heated basalt stones of varying sizes to key points on the body, giving a
deep massage and creating sensations of comfort and warmth. The direct heat
relaxes muscles, allowing manipulation of a greater intensity than with regular
massage.

Hydrotherapy:Although ancient Greece and Rome had both adopted the beliefs that water had
healing properties, it was the Romans to first integrate hydrotherapy into their
social life, building temples and baths near natural springs. Father Sebastian
Kneipp from Worshofen, Bavaria, however, was the true father of modern-day
hydrotherapy in Germany. Various hydrotherapy massage techniques exist and are
generally utilized by massage/bodywork practitioners, physical therapists,
physicians, and spa technicians. These include underwater massage, herbal baths,
thalassotherapy, Kneipp therapy, vichy treatments, scotch hoses, and Swiss
showers.

Integrated Kabbalistic:A system of energy healing, developed by Jason Shulman, based on the
traditional Judaic metaphysical path (Kabbalah), object-relations, and advaitic
(non-dualistic) perspectives with the understandings of psychology and the power
of healing touch. A session is approximately one hour in length and consists of
discussion, followed by a hands-on healing based on what has been discussed. The
goal is personal transformation by changing the fundamental patterns that are
keeping the client from living the life she wants, ultimately affecting change
on all levels: physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual.

Kinesiology/Applied Kinesiology:The study of the principles of mechanics and anatomy related to human body
movement, specifically the action of individual muscles or groups of muscles
that perform specific movements. Applied kinesiology involves muscle testing to
assess a client's condition.

LomiLomi:A system of massage that utilizes very large, broad movements. Two-handed,
forearm, and elbow application of strokes, which cover a broad area, is
characteristic of lomilomi. Similar to Swedish massage in many aspects, this
system uses prayer and the acknowledgment of the existence of a higher power as
an integral part of the technique. Lomilomi - Hawaiian for rub rub - is
described by teacher Aunty Margaret Machado as "the loving touch - a connection
between heart, hand, and soul with the source of all life." Aunty Margaret was
the first to teach lomilomi in a formal, classroom situation; previously the
training was passed on within the family by Kahunas or shamans. Oils are used in
the application of cross-fiber friction techniques. The practitioner often uses
the forearm and elbow in the application of pressure.

Lymph Drainage:This healing technique has become a popular massage choice. It blends
soothing, gentle, rhythmical, precise massage-like movements to accelerate the
flow of lymphatic fluid in the body. Deep Tissue Massage Deep Tissue Massage is
used to release chronic muscle tension through slower strokes and more direct
pressure or friction applied across the grain of the muscles. This invigorating
experience is a process of detection of stiff or painful areas by determining
the quality and texture of the deeper layers of musculature, and slowly working
into the deep layers of muscle tissue. Specific hand positions and strokes are
then used to respond to various tissue qualities. Techniques employing breath
and movement are also used for releasing muscular congestion. Rolfing by Dr. Ida
Rolf, aligns the major body segments through deep manipulation of the fascia or
connective tissue.

Lypposage:Developed by Charles W. Wiltsie III, lypossage is a combination of manual
deep-tissue massage, lymphatic drainage, and the principles of structural
integration used to combat cellulite. An alternative to liposuction and body
contouring machines, lypossage enhances firmness and tone and increases skin
resilience and smoothness. The treatment requires a series of sessions because
the reduction of cellulite is only temporary unless treatment is continued. When
combined with diet and exercise, lypossage produces a lifting effect in areas
prone to sagging.

Myofascial Release:A three-dimensional application of sustained pressure and movement into the
fascial system in order to eliminate fascial restrictions and facilitate the
emergence of emotional patterns and belief systems that are no longer relevant
or are impeding progress. First, an assessment is made by visually analyzing the
human frame, followed by the palpation of the tissue texture of various fascial
layers. Upon locating an area of fascial tension, gentle pressure is applied in
the direction of the restriction. Myofascial release is an effective therapeutic
approach in the relief of cervical pain, back pain, fibromyalgia, scoliosis,
neurological dysfunction, restriction of motion, chronic pain, and headaches.

Myotherapy:A hands-on, drugless, noninvasive method of relieving muscle-related pain,
Bonnie Prudden Myotherapy emphasizes a speedy, cost-effective recovery and
active client participation for long-term relief. Myotherapy relaxes muscles,
improves circulation, and alleviates pain in all parts of the body while
increasing strength, flexibility, coordination, stamina, and energy. It improves
posture, gait, sleep patterns, and work and play performance. The first
90-minute session includes an extensive and vital history. Subsequent treatments
are 60 minutes and include self-help techniques. Clients are cleared for
treatment by a physician, which ensures the pain is not due to anatomical
pathology requiring medical attention.

Orthopedic:Combining some elements of sports and medical massage, orthopedic massage
integrates 10 modalities to treat soft tissue pain and injury. Emphasis is
placed on understanding both the injury and its rehabilitation criteria. Three
basic elements adhered to, despite the technical diversity in treatment, are
assessment, matching the treatment to the injury, and adaptability of treatment.

Pilates:A series of movements, done from a sitting, reclining, kneeling, or standing
position, designed to increase strength and flexibility, release tension, and
relieve chronic neck and back pain. Developed by German-born Joseph Pilates in
the 1920s, this method combines elements of Eastern and Western disciplines,
including yoga, tai chi, and ancient Greek and Roman exercise protocols.
Specially designed apparatus are used for stretching and strengthening exercises
and can be calibrated to the client's needs. Repatterning movements and proper
breathing techniques are important components of the training. The Pilates
method is used in physical rehabilitation and is popular with athletes and
performance artists, as well as those seeking to improve body conditioning.

Pfrimmer Deep Muscle:Developed by Therese Pfrimmer. Once partially paralyzed, she overcame her
disability through deep muscle manipulation and spent the next 30 years
developing this technique. Pfrimmer Deep Muscle Therapy works across the muscles
manipulating deep tissues, stimulating circulation and regenerating lymphatic
flow, thus promoting detoxification and oxygenation of stagnant tissues.

Prenatal/Pregnancy:Performed by a trained perinatal specialist, many methods of massage and
somatic therapies are both effective and safe prenatally, and during labor and
postpartum periods of women's pregnancies. Prenatally, specific techniques can
reduce pregnancy discomforts and concerns and enhance the physiological and
emotional well-being of both mother and fetus. Skilled, appropriate touch
facilitates labor, shortening labor times and easing pain and anxiety. In the
postpartum period, specialized techniques rebalance structure, physiology, and
emotions of the new mother, and may help her to bond with and care for her
infant. Specialized, advanced training in the anatomy, physiology,
complications, precautions, and contraindications is highly recommended, and
many practitioners require referrals from physicians prior to therapy.

Raindrop:Originated by D. Gary Young, raindrop technique is a noninvasive tool for
helping to correct defects in the curvature of the spine caused by viruses and
bacteria that lie dormant there. Antimicrobial essential oils are used to reduce
inflammation by killing the viral agents, thus bringing the body into structural
and electrical alignment. The oils (primarily thyme, oregano, birch, cypress,
peppermint, and basil) are dispensed like little drops of rain from a height of
about six inches above the back and massaged along the vertebrae. The oils used
in this 45-minute treatment continue to work for the next five to seven days.

Reflexology:The application of appropriate pressure to the leg and feet, by the hands of
a trained practitioner, to bring about physiological and psychological changes
in the body.

Reiki:Buddhist in nature, reiki (pronounced "ray-key") is the combining of
universal energy with individual energy to open pathways of healing. It teaches
that disease is not separate from the body; it is the body out of balance.
Rediscovered by Japanese Buddhist and Christian scholar of theology Mikao Usui
around 1921, this energy healing method involves placing the hands on or just
above the body in order to align chakras and bring healing energy to organs and
glands. The practitioner, trained to access and serve as a channel for the life
energy, uses a passive touch that some clients experience as a warmth or
tingling. The hands remain in position for 3 to 5 minutes, alternately covering
10 to 12 positions over the body. Treatments work by dissolving or eliminating
toxic energy and substances from many levels of one's being, whether it is
physical, emotional, or mental. This works to strengthen the harmonic flow of
energy within the body. The three levels of training in the initiation process
of becoming a reiki master are referred to as attunement levels. Through this
training, the practitioner reaches a level where she can access energy flow
through the hands to heal herself and others.

Remedial:A holistic treatment; that is, a treatment for the whole of the body, as
well as the area being treated. The primary aim of Remedial Massage is to find
and treat the cause of the disorder, not only the symptoms. A remedial massage
therapist studies anatomy, physiology, related pathology and the techniques of
Swedish massage, heat and cold therapies, Kinesthetics and many other related
fields. Remedial massage can have short and long term effects on the body,
bringing about the process of healing.

Shiatsu:A system based on the body's energy meridians. Shiatsu massages are normally
done fully clothed and involve pressing points on the body and stretching and
opening of the energy meridians. Shiatsu is somewhat related to acupuncture,
which is a form of anesthesia and therapy used in Chinese hospitals for surgery.
Its proponents view it as a form of treatment alternative to medicine or
surgery.

Soft Tissue Release:A powerful injury treatment technique developed in Europe with the world's
fastest sprinters. Due to the amazing amounts of prize money and endorsement
contracts available to these athletes, faster and more permanent results were
warranted. STR was developed to meet this need. Recovery rates once considered
impossible by traditional therapists and sports medicine doctors were achieved.
These are not new concepts, but are based on European osteopathy techniques,
along with insights from quantum physics. In recent years, STR has been given
clinical application for chronic low back pain and whiplash injuries. STR deals
directly with the reasons for soft tissue dysfunctions and subsequent referred
pain and nerve entrapment. In acute conditions, STR affects the insidious way
scar tissue is formed, and in chronic conditions STR breaks up the fibrotic and
adhered mass of scar tissue to quickly allow the muscle to return to its natural
resting length. Once the muscle or muscle group has returned to the original
resting length, there is an immediate release from the pain induced by the
inflammation response. With STR, the client is placed in a particular position
so that the muscle begins to stretch in a very specific direction or plane. The
exact location of the injury has been defined and a determined pressure is
applied directly into the affected tissue or along a specific line of injury. At
the same time, depending whether passive or active techniques are being used,
the client is given a set of instructions that now engage the antagonist of the
muscles involved. The muscle is extended from a fixed position in a determined
direction under a pinpoint of pressure. Decrease in pain and increase in range
of motion are often immediate, offsetting any minor discomfort experienced. STR
can be modified so there is no client discomfort at all. The flowing motions of
STR and total client control afford new levels of deep tissue work and
subsequent pain relief.

Soma Neuromuscular Integration:A 10-session system of bodywork, soma neuromuscular integration works the
fascial network to release chronic, stored structural aberrations; to
effectively realign the entire body; and to facilitate the change process. The
three brain model theory and holographic body reading, as part of the SOMA
theoretical framework, assist the practitioner to analyze each individual
blueprint, personalize needs, and design the session for each structure. SOMA
work includes extensive guidance tools (movement, journaling, drawing
interpretation, and other mind/body integrating tools) for training bodywork
practitioners and for educating clients.

Sound Therapy:Using the media of sound (music, tones, vibrations, etc.) as a tool for
healing, sound therapy enables the realignment of natural body rhythms. Therapy
may include, but is not limited to, the use of Tibetan singing bowls, chimes,
acutonic tuning forks, rattles, and drums.

Spiritual Massage Healing:A form of divinely inspired and divinely guided religious healing. It
consists of prayer, love, anointing with oil, and movements derived from the
laying-on of hands. It is the practice of one's religious faith and conscience,
and it is a mode of worship. Without prayer, there is no spiritual massage
healing. However, each practitioner does spiritual massage healing their own
way, which may vary from one client to another.

Sports:Used primarily for the serious athlete who trains continuously. It focuses
on the muscles relevant to the particular athletic activity. It also an include
pre-event, post-event and maintenance techniques that promote greater athletic
endurance and performance, lessen chances of injury and reduce recovery time.

St. John:St. John's neuromuscular therapy seeks out the cause of pain, focusing on
creating a balance between the muscular and nervous systems. This bodywork
focuses on five basic principles - biomechanics, ischemis, trigger points,
postural distortion, and nerve entrapment and compression - that are important
factors in the body's physical homeostasis. Also, attention is given to hormonal
balance, nutrition, and elimination of toxins. This therapy is used to treat
soft-tissue pain throughout most of the body.

Structural Integration:Based on the work of Dr. Ida P. Rolf, structural integration is based on the
idea the entire structural order of the body needs to be realigned and balanced
with the gravitational forces around a "central vertical line" representing
gravity's influence. Therapeutic intervention is directed toward the myofascial
system - the ligaments, muscles, tendons, and surrounding connective tissues. A
practitioner of structural integration has a 10-session cycle of work - they use
different angles and degrees of physical pressure to stretch and guide fascia to
a place of easier movement. The process is not intended to "cure" symptoms; its
goal is to create a more resilient, higher-energy system free of inhibitions due
to past trauma.

Swedish:(a proper name, not a reference to Sweden) refers to a collection of
techniques designed primarily to relax muscles by applying pressure to them
against deeper muscles and bones, and rubbing in the same direction as the flow
of blood returning to the heart. The lymph system and veins (which carry blood
back to the heart) both rely on muscle action, rather than heart pump pressure,
to operate. Many believe it is safe to apply light pressure in the opposite
direction. Friction is reduced by oil, or lacking that baby powder. Some
practitioners claim benefits from vegetable rather than mineral oil while others
disagree. Swedish massage can relax muscles, increase circulation, remove
metabolic waste products, help the recipient obtain a feeling of connectedness,
a better awareness of their body and the way they use and position it. The
strokes and manipulations of Swedish Massage are each conceived as having a
specific therapeutic benefit. One of the primary goals of Swedish Massage is to
speed venous return from the extremities. Swedish Massage shortens recovery time
from muscular strain by flushing the tissue of lactic acid, uric acid and other
metabolic wastes. It improves circulation without increasing heart load. It
stretches the ligaments and tendons, keeping them supple. Swedish Massage also
stimulates the skin and nervous system while at the same time relaxing the
nerves themselves. As it can help reduce emotional and physical stress it is
often recommended as part of a regular program for stress management. It also
has specific clinical uses in a medical or remedial therapy.

Tandem:A massage performed by two therapists on one client. Can be profoundly
relaxing and deeply nurturing. Performed by two massage therapists working
rhythmically together.

Tantra:A massage session where both the practitioner and client experiences the
practice of tantra (an ancient body of holistic study). The massage may put the
client and practitioner in a trance, where physical boundaries dissolve, time
disappears, worries and problems no longer seem important, or are forgotten
altogether. Nothing escapes attention. Energy flow is stimulated and senses
awakened as the body's sensitivity increases. According to Tantric ideals, the
entire body is massaged, including those particularly sensitive areas such as
the inner thigh, the crook of the knee, the back of the neck, etc. A client
usually feels profoundly relaxed, yet wide awake with increased awareness of all
senses. In this very loving ceremony, clients often feel completely nurtured and
pampered in the arms of the practitioner, providing a feeling of comfort and a
sense of well-being.

Thai:The traditional massage of Thailand, has been practiced for at least 2,500
years. It came to Thailand along with Buddhism and was originally practiced by
Buddhist monks in their temples. The work consists primarily of pressure on
energy lines and points, and a large variety of stretching movements. The
stretching movements of Thai massage often resemble passive yoga asanas. One
receives all the benefits of Yoga without having to perform any of the work!
These stretches affect the entire body by increasing flexibility, releasing both
deep and superficial tension, and helping the body's natural energy to flow more
freely.

Therapeutic Touch:Developed through the collaboration of a nursing professor and a spiritual
healer, Therapeutic Touch is based on ancient energy healing methods.
Practitioners, primarily nurses, are trained to feel or sense energy imbalances
in the client and to use "laying on" of hands to disperse blocks and channel
healing forces to the client's body. The therapist uses a light touch or holds
the hand above the body, with the client generally seated. Meditation is used by
the therapist to center herself and strengthen her connection to the client's
energy system. Therapeutic Touch has been applied in an assortment of medical
situations, including the care of premature infants and emergency room patients.
It is known to induce a state of relaxation within minutes. Therapeutic Touch is
considered safe because of its gentle, noninvasive approach. Developers of this
technique affirm that everyone has the potential to heal with Therapeutic Touch
and may be taught the methodology in one day.

Trager:Uses light, gentle, non-intrusive movements to facilitate the release of
deep-seated physical and mental patterns. Each part of the client's body is
moved rhythmically so that the recipient experiences the possibility of moving
lightly, effortlessly, and freely on their own. A Trager session should help
reduce stress from chronic tension, teach more effective ways to recover from
stressful situations, enhance conscious awareness and flexibility, improve
self-image, expand energy, restore free flowing movement and full
self-expression by reducing constriction and rigidity. A Trager session can
bring about the experience of peace and serenity -- a high-energy state of
well-being beyond relaxation. Myofascial release is used to evaluate and treat
restrictions in the body's contractile connective tissues (muscles) and
non-contractile supportive connective tissues (fascia) by the application of
gentle traction, pressures and positioning. Fascia is a complex supportive web
throughout the body affecting all components of the musculoskeletal, nervous and
visceral (organ) systems. It surrounds groups of muscle fibers, and entire
muscle groups and organs. While it is not contractile, it can be passively
elastically deformed. That is how it retains tensions from physical and
emotional traumas. It is also involved when a person suffers chronic pain or
physical dysfunction. Chronically tense muscles restrict blood flow and fatigue
the body. Both fascia and muscle tissues can become shortened if they are
improperly used. As well, layers of fascia can stick together. Myofascial
release techniques are used to coax muscles in spasm to relax, and break
adhesions in the fascia. Bodies respond to these therapies by releasing tension
that has been stored in the fascia, thus allowing more functional flexibility
and mobility of the muscles, fascia and associated structures.

Trigger Point:Pain-relief techniques to alleviate muscle spasms and cramping. The
therapist locates and deactivates 'trigger points', which are often tender areas
where muscles have been damaged or acquired a re-occurring spasm or 'kink' that
worsens painfully when aggravated. The major goals are to reduce spasm inducing
new blood flow into the affected area. The spasms are partly maintained by
nervous system feedback (pain-spasm-pain) cycle. Spasms also physically reduce
blood flow to the trigger point area (ischemia), reducing oxygen supplied to the
tissues and increasing the spasm. Pressure is applied to trigger points, for a
short time (between about 7 to 10 seconds per point), which can be momentarily
painful but is greatly relieving. It is common to hit the same trigger points
several times during a session, but you won't be leaning into a sore spot for
several minutes. Often ice or another cooling agent is used to reduce nervous
system response, making the area easier and more comfortable to work. Then the
muscles are gently stretched to complete the relaxation process, hence the name
'spray and stretch'. Myotherapy aims to erase pain and soothe tightened muscles.
People with acute or chronic muscle tension and the associated pain are likely
to benefit greatly from this type of treatment. Polarity therapy is a holistic
approach to natural health care. It asserts that energy fields exist everywhere
in nature, and that the flow and balance of this energy in the human body is the
underlying foundation of health. Stress, tension, pain, inflexible thinking, and
environmental stimuli are among many factors that can contribute to the
restriction of this energy flow in the human body. According to Polarity
therapists, such energy blocks can be released by the use of four therapeutic
methods: bodywork, diet, exercise and self-awareness. The founder of Polarity
Therapy, Dr. Randolph Stone DO, DC, ND, emphasized the interdependence of body,
emotions, mind and spirit. Polarity therapy includes gentle body manipulation
and holding pressure points (poles) as well as counseling on developing positive
thoughts and attitudes, understanding the principles of food combining and easy
exercises to increase energy flow. Polarity is often used by care givers in
conjunction with many other therapies.

Tui na:An ancient Chinese system of manual therapeutics with a wide range of
techniques and indications. While Traditional Chinese Medical precepts form its
theoretical basis, clinical experience governs its application. Tui na
techniques are applied by various parts of the practitioner to the client and
range from those that are light and soothing to those that are strong and
invigorating. Refined over the centuries, tui na facilitates healing by
regulating the circulation of Blood and Qi (vital energy), which controls body
function and enhances resistance to disease. The term tui na (pronounced t-weigh
na) combines the names of two of the hand techniques, tui meaning to push and na
meaning to lift and squeeze, which are used to represent the system.
Practitioners of tui na claim there are more than 365 hand techniques, although
they can be generally placed in the category of pressing, rubbing, waving,
shaking, percussion, or manipulating. The term tui na first appeared in the Ming
Dynasty text Pediatric Tui Na Classic in 1601.

Watsu:Aquatic shiatsu. Began at Harbin Hot Springs where Harold Dull brought his
knowledge of Zen shiatsu into a warm pool. Zen shiatsu incorporates stretches
that release blockages along the meridians - the channels through which chi or
life force flows. Dull found the effects of Zen shiatsu could be amplified and
made more profound by stretching someone while having them float in warm water.
By supporting, rocking, and moving the whole body while stretching a leg or arm,
Watsu lessens the resistance there is when a limb is worked in isolation. When
the whole body is in continual movement, each move flowing gracefully into the
next, there is no way to resistantly anticipate what's coming next. Warm water
and the continuous support it provides are ideal for freeing the spine.

Zero Balancing:Developed by Fritz Smith, M.D., and has its roots in osteopathy,
acupuncture, Rolfing, and meditation. Relaxing, yet energizing, zero balancing
integrates fundamental principles of Western medicine with Eastern concepts of
energy. This technique provides clients the possibility of healing by addressing
the energy flow of the skeletal system. By working with bone energy, zero
balancing seeks to correct imbalances between energy and structure, providing
relief from pain, anxiety, and stress. A zero balancing session, which consists
of gentle acupressure focusing on joints and bones, generally takes 30 to 40
minutes and is done through the client's clothing while they lie on a massage
table. For the massage therapist or bodyworker, zero balancing may enhance other
modalities and open new avenues of energetic and structural balancing through
touch.