Chitosan and Its Microparticles as Carriers in Drug Delivery Systems: An OverviewMohsenSadeghiدانشگاه تربیت مدرسauthorفریباگنجیاستادیار دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، گروه زیست پزشکی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرسauthorسید مجتبیتقی زادهاستادیار گروه سامانه های نوین دارورسانی، پژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایرانauthortextarticle2017perThe development of a new drug molecule is an expensive and time consuming effort. Improving the safety efficacy ratio of old drugs has been attempted by different methods focused on each individual drug therapy, dose specification and therapeutic drug monitoring. Controlled rate delivery, slow delivery and targeted delivery are other very promising methods which have been pursued intensively. Methods for increasing bioavailability, diminishing side-effects, promoting targeted delivery and treating conditions such as blood-brain barrier disorders, are the main topics in novel drug delivery explorations. Choosing a suitable polymer is one of the most important aspects in development of a drug delivery system. In the last three decades, avast number of biomedical applications have been reported for a chitin derivative, known as chitosan. In this overview the properties of this polymer, as a natural compound, which are the main criteria for its extensive application in different areas of biomedicine are described, specifically in relation to synthesis of chitosan microparticles applied in novel drug delivery.BaspareshIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute2252-04496

v.

4

no.

2017419http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1322_15e1195c8a3f7e411e07e7fb14ae5e4c.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2017.1322Selective Separation and Removal of Toxic Heavy Metal Ions from Water by Magnetic Ion-imprinted Nano PolymersHassanFattahiدانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشترauthorمحمّدکوسه لودانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشترauthorیونسموسائی اسکوئیدانشگاه صنعتی مالک اشترauthortextarticle2017perHeavy metal ions are one of the major living environment and water pollutants that may cause several diseases in humans. Removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewaters and drinking water is a serious challenge in industrial wastewater treatment. One of the simplest, cheapest, and most selective methods for removal of heavy metal ions is magnetic separation by magnetic ion-imprinted polymers (MIIPs). In this method, the surface of magnetic nanoparticles is coated by a polymer in order to target ions to imprint on nanoparticle surface. By eluting the imprinted ions, cavities with the exact template of these ions are created that can be used for selective removal of target ions. In this review article, the synthesis methods of magnetic ion-imprinted polymers and their application in removal of heavy metal ions are studied. The effect of different functional groups and analytical parameters on the adsorption capacity and the selectivity of the synthesized polymers for target metal ion are investigated.BaspareshIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute2252-04496

v.

4

no.

20172035http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1350_084180dab7ddcad260ba4523ca2bd78d.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2017.1350A Brief Review on Fabrication Methods of Three-dimensinal Porous Scaffolds by Electrospinning-Part II: Chemical Methodszahrapedramradدانشگاه گیلانauthorجوادمختاریعضو هیئت علمی دانشکده نساجی دانشگاه گیلانauthorزینباسکافیدانشگاه گیلانauthortextarticle2017perOne of the major components of tissue engineering is the scaffold. The main role of the scaffold is to provide a suitable environment that defines the shape of the tissue. In fact, scaffold can support cell adhesion and proliferation. In tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrous structures are preferred owing to their structural similarity to human body tissues. 3D porous scaffolds serve not only as structural molds for tissue production but also provide signaling cues to cells and facilitate oxygen and therapeutic agent delivery. The fabrication of 3D scaffolds cannot be achieved using conventional processes, so cultured cells could only develop into flat shapes. Therefore, to improve the thickness of scaffolds, several approaches have been suggested to fabricate 3D porous scaffolds. This article summarizes chemical methods of producing 3D porous scaffolds including particulate leaching, phase separation and gas foaming. This review will cover the production methods of 3D scaffolds using electrospinning by focusing on solution electrospinning. Furthermore, the role of various factors like charge density and humidity in electrospun scaffolds is discussed.BaspareshIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute2252-04496

v.

4

no.

20173651http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1357_eb8447070e0574f703a0ffce75e58328.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2017.1357Toughening Modification of Epoxy Resins Using Polyurethanes: A ReviewHosseinAbdollahiپژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایرانauthorAliSalimiپژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایرانauthorMehdiBarikaniپژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایرانauthorHamedDaemiپژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایرانauthortextarticle2017perThermoset polymers have excellent properties of high dimensional stability at elevated temperatures, low creep and good resistance against solvents due to their three-dimensional crosslinking structure. Proper thermal-mechanical properties for these polymers are based on such cured structures with high crosslink density. Due to its excellent mechanical properties, epoxy resin has been widely used in coatings, adhesives and composites. In recent years, a variety of modification procedures have been introduced for toughening of cured resin structure in order to minimize crack formation and improve their impact resistance. Chemical modification of epoxy resins with polyurethanes is one of the most efficient procedures to achieve this goal. Polyurethanes have unique properties including good abrasion resistance, ease of processing and high rupture strength. After a brief introduction of epoxy and polyurethane resins, the procedures and the mechanisms of fracture toughness in polyurethane-modified epoxy are reviewed in present article. Different polyurethanes with wide range of chemical structures are able to toughen the epoxy structure efficiently and provide improved resins for use indifferent applications.BaspareshIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute2252-04496

v.

4

no.

20175264http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1342_f0a979f3516b12dbbdd201c34ca113bd.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2017.1342Modern Commercial Wound Dressings and Introducing New Wound Dressings for Wound Healing: A Reviewحدیثعالیپوردانشگاه یزدauthorMojtabaKooshaاستادیار، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتیauthorمحمدجوادصراف شیرازیدانشگاه یزدauthorعلیجبالیدانشگاه شهیدصدوقی یزدauthortextarticle2017perThe skin is the largest organ in the body which protects the internal organs against external injury. When the skin is damaged, microorganisms attack easily and cause infection in humans. Many efforts have been made for development of new products to protect the skin from damage and dehydration. Because of the diversity in the wound dressing products, one may possibly be confused when choosing a suitable wound dressing. Although, protection of the wound from infection is one of the reasons for using a wound dressing, acceleration of wound healing process is the main goal. In this paper, we have reviewed several types of modern wound dressings regarding their efficiency in each stage of wound healing. Commercial wound dressings in the form of hydrogels, hydrocolloids, films, foams and nanofibers are introduced and their properties are discussed. Chitosan, alginate and honey are the main common polysaccharides which are usually used as wound dressing materials. The effect of these polysaccharides on wound healing is also described. Finally, the recently developed smart wound dressings which are able to detect the wound infection are presented.BaspareshIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute2252-04496

v.

4

no.

20176580http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1365_3be9f196ab903e4348d71f1159e431e7.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2017.1365Photoresponsive Properties of Amphiphilic Azo Polymersمعصومهباقریهیات علمی/دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجانauthorاکرمگلشن حسینیفارغ التحصیلauthortextarticle2017perMost interesting properties of azo polymers are directly related with the trans-cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene units present in their polymer structure. Trans-cis isomerization of azobenzene and its derivatives has been intensively investigated theoretically and experimentally. Amphiphilic azo polymers can combine the photoresponsive properties of azo polymers with the self-assembling characteristics of amphiphilic polymers. The polymers show ability to form ultra-thin films, ordered phase-separation structure in bulk, micelle, vesicles, and other aggregates containing azobenzene moieties through self-assembly. Unique photoresponsive properties related with the self-assembled structures of azo polymers have been observed and explored for potential applications. Research works have demonstrated that light irradiation manifests itself in wide variations such as surface relief grating formation, deformation of liquid crystal elastomeric thin films, deformation of colloidal spheres and formation of self-structured surface patterns. In this review, a series of unique photoresponsive properties of amphiphilic azo polymers associated with the specific molecular architecture and self-assembling characteristics of their structures are reported.BaspareshIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute2252-04496

v.

4

no.

20178193http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1341_244e4bab2781e2963de8212c83a1ab0c.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2017.1341Hydrogel-based Composites: A ReviewAbolfazlMaghsoodniaفارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد صنعتی شریف
کارشناس ارشد فرایند شرکت تلاشگران صنعت و دانشauthortextarticle2017perHydrogels are water-saturated polymeric networks with many different structures which areused in different applications such as: biomedical, pharmacy and biosensors and separation of biomolecules and cells. In recent years, hydrogels, because of their stable and flexible structure, have received attention in mass transfer technology. Temperature-, pressure-, pH- and electric field-responsive hydrogels are novel control systems in microfluidic applications. The transport phenomena have been greatly improved by this emerging new hydrogel-based composite technology. In this respect, this composite is used to enhance mass transport in hydrogels by forming a colloidal environment, which is useful in an application such as tissue engineering. As a new type of hydrogel-based composite, emulsion-filled gels are water-saturated polymers doped with oil droplets. These materials have major advantages in drug delivery systems and food science applications.The characteristics of these new gels are being studied in order to discover their new applications extended to other physic-chemical fields.BaspareshIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute2252-04496

v.

4

no.

201794102http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1356_c61a3b5be9655c7f6bbbd5ea4006603d.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2017.1356Early and Late Transition Metal Catalysts for Olefin Polymerizationسعیداحمد جوپژوهشگاه پلیمر و پتروشیمی ایرانauthortextarticle2017perRecent scientific developments on catalysts used in olefin polymerizations can be regarded as a good sign of successful applications of organometallic chemistry in homogenous polymerization. Early and late transition metal catalysts (LTM) are a new groups of coordination polymerizations catalysts which were discovered in 1998. The LTM catalysts are based on late metals of group IV of transition metal including Fe, Ni, Co, and etc. At the same time, another category of early transition metal catalysts based on phenoxy ligand was discovered by Fujita and his colleagues in Mitsui for olefin polymerization. The major disadvantage of this type of catalytic systems is their higher rate of chain transfer reactions when compared with Ziegler-Natta and metallocene catalysts; therefore these catalysts may produce oligomers. However, due to a special isomerization reaction, called chain walking, these catalysts have some interesting features for application in polymer technology. One of the interesting properties of LTM catalysts is their ability of using polar monomer in olefin polymerization.BaspareshIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute2252-04496

v.

4

no.

2017103112http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1351_c46c3bddabdfe5fd8008d59e3e2bae80.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2017.1351A Brief Review on Improvement in Antibacterial and Strength Properties of Paper Using Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Chitosan CompositeHabib AllahSahragard.Dآموزش و پرورشauthorالیاسافرادانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگانauthorاحمدرضاسراییاندانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگانauthorمهدیمشکوردانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگانauthortextarticle2017perIn recent years, the use of polymers as new materials compared to traditional substances has been significantly grown due to their numerous advantages. Utilization of polymers is a successful method for increasing resistance characteristics of cellulose fibers networks. Preparation of new polymers with the help of novel nanochemical technology as packaging materials is an innovative solution for increasing performance and obtaining healthy, economic, and environmental friendly materials with outstanding advantages such as saving energy consumption, increasing biodegradation capacity, and reducing waste materials. Chitosan has been used in many fields for being abundant and economical. Chitosan is used in paper industry as antimicrobial agent and additive to increase resistance in dry state. Adsorption of carboxymethyl cellulose on the surface of paper fiber reduces the resistance of paper fibers, therefore, the use of chitosan as a cationic polymer together with carboxymethyl cellulose results in an improvement in the resistance of fiber network significantly. In recent years a few researchers have focused of this subject, which is to examine the antibacterial mechanism of carboxymethyl cellulose/chitosan composite and its antibacterial performance and resistive characteristics in packaging and sanitary papers.BaspareshIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute2252-04496

v.

4

no.

2017113123http://basparesh.ippi.ac.ir/article_1352_21c019469a367b10ee17ce2076de3b0d.pdfdx.doi.org/10.22063/basparesh.2017.1352Chemical Structure Characterization Methods for Lignin Polymerرامینبایرامیدانشجو/ دانشگاه تربیت مدرسauthorMahdiAbdollahiعضو هیات علمی/ دانشگاه تربیت مدرسauthortextarticle2017perLignin is the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose in the world; and as a cheap, non-toxic and biodegradable material, it is a good alternative to the petroleum-based polyols. Despite researchers’ efforts to identify the structure of lignin, there are many problems which hinder lignin to be accepted as an appropriate monomer and a competitive alternative to the monomers derived from the crude oil for synthesis of polymers such as polyurethane. One of the major problems related to identification of the lignin structure is lack of well-defined protocols and standard. In this paper, a systematic study has been performed to quantitatively identify the functional groups present in the lignin structure using different techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, 19F NMR and UV-VIS spectroscopies and titration. The advantages and limitations of each method havealso been discussed. Moreover, the molecular weight and thermal properties of lignin have been determined by a variety of methods.BaspareshIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute2252-04496