midtermSG-sp14.docx

Study Guide, Midterm Exam —Anthropology 3560, Spring 2014
I. Terms to know (to be used in matching question):
The exam will consist of 15 matching terms drawn from this list. Explanations/definitions
of these terms can be found in any or all of your sources (lecture, one or both of the
Crawford books)
antibiotic fungus pathogen
antibody humoral immunity pathogenicity
antigen immunogenicity plasmid
antigenic drift* inapparent infection plasmodium
antigenic shift* incubation period pneumonic plague
arbovirus infectious period prion
bacteria infectivity protozoa
carrier state inoculation retrovirus
chronic infectious disease latent period schistosomiasis
clinical approach lymphocyte septicemic plague
congenital macrophage toxin
coprolite microbiological approach vaccination
crowd disease mode of transmission vaccine
disease threshold morbidity vector
endemic parasite (general sense) virulence
epidemic parasite (specific sense) virus
epidemiological approach pandemic zoonosis
them correctly in The Invisible Enemy.as genetic drift and genetic shift in Deadly Companions, but refers to
II. Short answer questions (answer with a list of terms or phrases, or a sentence or
two):
The exam will include 5 of these questions. L = lecture, DC = Deadly Companions, IE =
Invisible Enemy
1. Give three similarities or differences between bacteria and viruses. (L, IE1)
2. Explain the basis for the clinical/microbiological/epidemiological approach to disease
classification and give two examples of categories used in this approach. Note: if this
question is chosen for the exam, one of the three approaches will be specified. (L)
3. Use a sentence or two to describe one common mechanism viruses use to infect cells.
(IE1)
4. Describe how scientists decide on the composition of the yearly flu vaccine. (IE3)
5. Why are the herpes viruses able to cause recurrent episodes of infection? According
to Crawford, what is the general name given to these kinds of viruses? (DC1, DC2,
IE4)
6. What does it mean to say an organism is a disease vector? List three types of vectors.
(L)
7. List three health effects of water control systems. Include at least one positive and
one negative effect in your answer. (L)
8. List three potential sources of information on the nature of infectious diseases in
prehistoric hunter-gatherers. (L, DC2) Midterm Study Guide, p. 2
9. The first historical evidence for the use of quarantine policies to help control the
spread of disease is associated with which disease? When did this occur? W