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41 Cards in this Set

In contrast to normal sadness that occurs in healthy people, how do patients with primary mood disorders differ?

They show a discordance between life events and how they feel emotionally

Define Major Depressive Disorder

One episode or recurrent episodes of major depression in an individual’s lifetime

What are the symptoms used to classify MDD according to DSM-IV-TR?

Observation by others of depressed mood
Decreased interest or pleasure in most activities (anhedonia)
Change in appetite
Persistent insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Daily fatigue or loss of energy
Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
Problems concentrating or thinking
Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
Sleep disturbances

How many of the previous symptoms are considered diagnostic of MDD?

5/9
Must be present during the same 2 week period
At least one must be #1 or 2
Requires 2 or more episodes with a symptom free interval of 2 months

What is different about atypical depression?

Weight gain instead of loss and more excessive somnolence

What feature of depression is the greatest risk for suicide?

Feelings of hopelessness, those that have been hospitalized for depression, those with psychotic symptoms (delusions)

Heterocyclic antidepressants
SSRIs
MAOIs
Psychostimulants - 1) Used because other antidepressants take 3 weeks to work. 2)Can cause tolerance and dependence
Electroconvulsive therapy - For patients that do not respond to meds, or can’t take them
Psychotherapy - more effective in conjunction with meds

What are reasons why patients don’t seek treatment for MDD?

May have masked depression
May not be able to afford treatment
Culturally not valued or considered a personal or moral weakness
Emotional illness is less ‘real’

How quickly do depressive episodes last?

With treatment – 3 mos
Without treatment – 6-12 mos

Define Bipolar disorder

Episodes of both depression and mania (or depression and hypomania)
One episode of depression plus one episode of mania or hypomania

Describe symptoms of mania

Inflated self image or grandiosity
increased energy and activity, agitation
rapid thoughts and pressured speech, talkativeness
Decreased need for sleep
Distractability
Flight of ideas
Engagement in activities that are likely to have negative consequences
May also have: Psychotic delusions, decreased need for food, lack of modesty in dress and behavior

What is the DSM-IV-TR criteria for a manic episode?

3-4 manic symptoms present for at least a 1 week period

Define a hypomanic episode

Mild mania symptoms (ex. inflated self esteem, talkativeness, hypersexuality) for at least a 4 day period

Describe psychotic symptoms that occur with bipolar disorder I

During manic episodes, themes of power and influence

What is a distinguishing feature of mania caused by Bipolar disorder I from schizophrenia?