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Subject: Emerging and epidemic diseases Publication date: All

This edition of PATH Today highlights work to improve children’s health in Nicaragua and Kenya and spotlights PATH's safe water project in Korogocho, a slum near Nairobi, Kenya. It also includes brief updates on the 2009 Breakfast for Global Health, workplace giving, an influenza vaccine study in Africa, and PATH's 2008 annual report.

This issue ofDirections in Global Healthshowcases PATH’s global presence. It highlights work related to influenza in Africa, HIV and AIDS in Eastern Europe,Japanese encephalitis in Asia, gender-based violence in Latin America and the Caribbean, and diagnostic technologies in North America. The back cover features a map and summary information on PATH’s work around the world.

This document provides the overall framework and specific operational procedures for Ukraine’s health sector response to an influenza pandemic. Its prime objectives are to reduce the health impact of a pandemic and minimize disruption to health and other essential services while maintaining business continuity and reducing the disruption to society.

This document is intended to start discussions around quantifying the need for safe injection equipment and the amount of infectious sharps waste produced by testing and treatment programs for diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. The analysis was developed to support advocacy efforts to integrate injection safety as an essential element of all health care programs.

This newsletter provides an overview of programs within and outside of India that are converging or integrating sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV/AIDS services. It also shares some of the successes, challenges, and best practices emerging from these programs. It is available in two formats: one for onscreen viewing and one for booklet-style printing.

The MDR/XDR-TB Assessment and Monitoring Tool was designed to help national tuberculosis program staff, consultants, and donors conduct a baseline assessment for use in preparing a plan or funding application, monitoring progress, or identifying needs for technical assistance. It addresses two key questions: are there high-priority gaps in the DOTS program that must be corrected to prevent the development of cases of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR-TB), and what high-priority areas should be addressed to improve diagnosis and treatment of MDR/XDR-TB? The tool is available in English, Russian, and Spanish as a Microsoft Word file (for users who wish to modify it) and as an Adobe PDF file (recommended for printing). This 2009 tool informed the 2012 MDR-TB Planning Toolkit, which can be found here.

Between August 2004 and February 2005, the HIV prevention world was rocked by the suspension and cancellation of PrEP effectiveness trials in Cambodia and Cameroon. Acknowledging that no single version of the events constitutes the “real story,” the case studies are built from extensive interviews with researchers, policymakers, other government officials, donors, nongovernmental organization staff, and advocates to reconstruct often incompatible accounts of what eventually led to government intervention that halted the research. The case studies capture the political context and backdrop against which the controversies arose, the underlying and unaddressed conflicts that led to the costly collapse of two trials, and the lessons they provide for current and future research.

From August 2004 to February 2005, the HIV prevention world was rocked by the suspension and cancellation of PrEP effectiveness trials in Cambodia and Cameroon. Acknowledging that no single version of the events constitutes the “real story,” the case studies in this document are built from extensive interviews with many stakeholders to reconstruct accounts of what eventually led to government intervention that halted the research. The case studies capture the political context and backdrop, the underlying and unaddressed conflicts that led to the costly collapse of two trials, and the lessons they provide for current and future research.

This report describes lessons learned and recommendations from regional advocacy, communication, and social mobilization (ACSM) workshops for Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria recipient countries. The report describes the follow-on ACSM activities and outputs that have been generated at the country level as a result of participation in the workshops and makes recommendations for next steps in the development of effective ACSM interventions to support tuberculosis control goals and objectives.

This is the facilitator’s guide for the Advocacy, Communication, and Social Mobilization (ACSM) action planning workshop. Its primary goal is to assist the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria recipient countries in developing ACSM strategic action plans to scale up, enhance, and integrate ACSM activities into ongoing tuberculosis control work.

This is the newsletter of APHIA II Western, a USAID-funded project that aims to promote the adoption of healthier behaviors, increase the use of HIV and AIDS health services, and promote family planning/reproductive, maternal and child health, tuberculosis, and malaria prevention services in Western Kenya. It also aims to work with communities to enhance access to health services for pregnant mothers, comprehensive care for orphans and vulnerable children, and fight HIV-related stigma and discrimination and gender-based violence.

In an effort to support community interventions and health service utilization, APHIA II Western produces Jua Afya Yako, a community health newsletter, to help reinforce HIV and AIDS, reproductive health, tuberculosis, diarrhea, maternal and child health, and malaria messages passed through community outreach activities and health facilities; stimulate public discussions; reinforce behavior change; and promote use of health services.

This factsheet introduces PATH’s work in Vietnam to design and implement approaches to working with private-sector providers as a way to increase access to existing TB and HIV case detection, treatment, and prevention services.

This poster presents a study to collect and characterize specimens from febrile patients who were suspected to have malaria, pedigree specimens against a panel of nucleic acid and serological markers, and draw early insights into data that would be generated by a multiplex diagnostic platform. Presented at The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, December 7, 2008; New Orleans, LA.

This issue of Directions in Global Health describes PATH's work to control and prevent diarrheal disease, reach out to young scouts in Kenya and Uganda with HIV/AIDS information, assess the impact of malaria control efforts in Zambia, conduct DHS surveys, and shape HPV vaccine introduction in Peru.

This case profile highlights a project in Tanzania as an example of PATH's efforts to deliver critical services while strengthening health systems. Key issues related to the delivery of integrated TB–HIV services in low-resource settings are summarized along with PATH’s efforts to deliver innovative service models, address human resource constraints, and improve management of these diseases in the region.