0:00:01.619,0:00:04.150
so its time to move on to the next talk
0:00:04.150,0:00:07.160
this talk has the keynote speech
0:00:07.160,0:00:09.069
by Eric Allman
0:00:09.069,0:00:11.239
Chief Science Officer
0:00:11.239,0:00:12.839
of Sendmail
0:00:12.839,0:00:17.639
and I think that internet mail past present and bit of future
0:00:17.639,0:00:20.759
I will introduce
0:00:20.759,0:00:22.380
his biography
0:00:22.380,0:00:27.409
Eric Allman is the original author of Sendmail and
longtime contributor to partial index
0:00:29.149,0:00:33.870
he also wrote ending lock roads C-twelve lock identification
0:00:33.870,0:00:39.530
beside external Sendmail he has worked with database management
0:00:39.530,0:00:40.490
systems and
0:00:40.490,0:00:41.679
and neural
0:00:41.679,0:00:43.159
network based speech recognition
0:00:43.159,0:00:46.410
system administration and networking
0:00:46.410,0:00:50.050
he is chief science officer and co-founder of
0:00:50.050,0:00:50.999
Sendmail
0:00:50.999,0:00:51.509
incorporated
0:00:51.509,0:00:52.789
before joining Sendmail
0:00:52.789,0:00:54.190
he served as CEO
0:00:54.190,0:00:55.529
for Swift
0:00:55.529,0:01:00.620
inc. which is now part of 247 Media Inc.
0:01:00.620,0:01:03.490
he was with the lovern
0:01:03.490,0:01:10.250
and provided the whole scale research software infrastructure
for most of the projects at University of Berkeley
0:01:10.250,0:01:12.740
he has contributed as senior
0:01:12.740,0:01:16.369
at the international computer science institute
0:01:16.369,0:01:17.909
to neural network systems and
0:01:17.909,0:01:19.979
ihe was also part
0:01:19.979,0:01:21.740
of Ingress
0:01:21.740,0:01:24.300
invasion of system
0:01:24.300,0:01:28.220
and only co-authored the advisor for
0:01:28.220,0:01:31.639
Unix magazine and was a member of
0:01:31.639,0:01:35.150
the board of directors at Unix association
0:01:35.150,0:01:36.580
he has currently program chair
0:01:36.580,0:01:37.969
0:01:37.969,0:01:44.260
for the conference on e-mail and spam and
member of ACM Queue editorial board
0:01:44.260,0:01:45.739
and the board of
0:01:45.739,0:01:48.340
trustee of call performances
0:01:48.340,0:01:53.650
he holds a Master of science degree in
computer science from University of California Berkeley
0:01:53.650,0:02:00.650
so please
0:02:01.480,0:02:08.480
make sure, can everyone hear me clearly?
0:02:11.559,0:02:13.989
okay. I'm going to give you a little bit of
0:02:13.989,0:02:15.860
well actually quite a bit of history about
0:02:15.860,0:02:20.339
e-mail and related technologies starting
really from
0:02:20.339,0:02:22.840
before the internet existed
0:02:22.840,0:02:27.269
this talk that I gave a couple of years
ago and although there's a lot of slides I'm going to
0:02:27.269,0:02:30.459
try and go through it fairly quickly because the
more interesting
0:02:30.459,0:02:32.789
current stuff is
0:02:32.789,0:02:34.909
towards the end. The current stuff will be
0:02:34.909,0:02:36.729
some observations about spam
0:02:36.729,0:02:39.949
and e-mail security in general
0:02:39.949,0:02:46.359
and the authentication and reputation which is
what I've been working on most recently
0:02:46.359,0:02:50.019
then I'm going to give you some everyone always
wants to know what I think will be the future
0:02:50.019,0:02:54.849
of e-mail and I always tell them I don't know
any better than they do but they insist on
0:02:54.849,0:02:58.239
having me tell them so I'll come up with a few
things there
0:02:58.239,0:03:01.189
I've thrown in some stuff by the way about
0:03:01.189,0:03:04.719
some other things that people have asked me
about here so I'm
0:03:04.719,0:03:07.299
trying to adjust the talk to be
0:03:07.299,0:03:08.350
of
0:03:08.350,0:03:09.379
interest to
0:03:09.379,0:03:12.099
what people seem to want to hear
0:03:12.099,0:03:16.299
so first I want to talk about the
prehistory of
0:03:16.299,0:03:19.349
of the internet really this is the Arpanet
0:03:19.349,0:03:21.329
starting from zero hosts
0:03:21.329,0:03:25.819
on the network to two hundred and thirteen which
is where the Arpanet
0:03:25.819,0:03:29.769
peaked out it couldn't go much larger than
two hundred thirteen because
0:03:29.769,0:03:31.509
there was only an eight bit
0:03:31.509,0:03:34.329
host address
0:03:34.329,0:03:37.469
I
0:03:37.469,0:03:40.799
I'm going to talk, plotting things on this kind of graph
0:03:40.799,0:03:44.959
this is date down at the bottom and the number of
hosts on the side
0:03:44.959,0:03:49.799
this is a one year scale. I'll keep readjusting the
scale as we move up
0:03:49.799,0:03:56.799
otherwise this is just a flat line down at the bottom
0:03:57.469,0:04:04.469
so yes you can
0:04:05.979,0:04:09.949
so this is kind of one thing to start of
the history of e-mail
0:04:09.949,0:04:11.750
but it turns out this is
0:04:11.750,0:04:15.719
about an awful lot of things I just want to
read you a quote
0:04:15.719,0:04:18.160
that describes this event in December
0:04:18.160,0:04:19.419
well
0:04:19.419,0:04:22.719
on December 9, 1968 Dirk Engelbar
0:04:22.719,0:04:25.240
who by the way who invented the computer mouse
0:04:25.240,0:04:30.080
and with a group of seventeen researchers
working with him in the augmentation
0:04:30.080,0:04:34.569
research center at Stanford research institute
in Menlo Park, California
0:04:34.569,0:04:39.210
presented a ninety-minute live public demonstration
of the on-line system nls
0:04:39.210,0:04:42.580
that they'd been working on since 1962
0:04:42.580,0:04:46.409
the public presentation was a session of the
fall short of computer conference hall at
0:04:46.409,0:04:48.850
the convention center in San Francisco
0:04:48.850,0:04:53.090
and was attended by about one thousand computer
professionals
0:04:53.090,0:04:54.809
this was the public
0:04:54.809,0:04:56.949
debut of the computer mouse
0:04:56.949,0:05:02.399
but the mouse of the only one of many innovations
demonstrated that day including hypertext, object
0:05:02.399,0:05:04.400
address and dynamic file linking
0:05:04.400,0:05:09.569
as well as shared screen collaboration involving
two persons of different sites
0:05:09.569,0:05:13.349
communicating over a network with audio and
video interface
0:05:13.349,0:05:15.809
Okay imagine that day
0:05:15.809,0:05:17.350
no network exists
0:05:17.350,0:05:18.839
at all
0:05:18.839,0:05:21.169
and they're doing a remote demo with
0:05:21.169,0:05:22.849
audio and video
0:05:22.849,0:05:27.929
they're interacting doing screen sharing
over the the internet, they're showing off the mouse for
0:05:27.929,0:05:30.380
the first time that nobody's ever seen
0:05:30.380,0:05:33.259
and he throws in stuff like hypertext and what not
0:05:33.259,0:05:38.030
I can only wish I was there that must have been amazing
0:05:38.030,0:05:40.350
the point I made of course is that
0:05:40.350,0:05:42.550
back in 1968
0:05:42.550,0:05:48.289
they were demoing stuff that we only
recently got on the internet
0:05:48.289,0:05:50.720
we havent really come that far
0:05:50.720,0:05:54.069
so in September 1969
0:05:54.069,0:05:56.040
the first Arpanet
0:05:56.040,0:05:58.080
was
0:05:58.080,0:06:02.330
brought up, September second nineteen sixty nine to be
precise which happens to be my birthday
0:06:02.330,0:06:05.839
that was a single host at UCLA
0:06:05.839,0:06:10.969
which is a little odd because you think of most
networks as having at least two hosts on them
0:06:10.969,0:06:11.610
but
0:06:11.610,0:06:15.159
for a while there was actually only one host on the Arpanet
0:06:15.159,0:06:19.650
this is a very smudged map of the original Arpanet
0:06:19.650,0:06:23.710
they had this thing called the IMP the
Internet Message Processor
0:06:23.710,0:06:26.219
which was essentially the routers that
0:06:26.219,0:06:28.729
0:06:28.729,0:06:29.780
but they
0:06:29.780,0:06:31.740
gather the data around the
0:06:31.740,0:06:35.339
Arpanet which wasn't particularly difficult
in this case but
0:06:35.339,0:06:38.860
it became so later and then a
0:06:38.860,0:06:44.089
single host which was a Sigma 7. this is obviously
by the way somebody's hand drawn
0:06:44.089,0:06:48.490
slide that was done with those ink that gets
easily smudged when you
0:06:48.490,0:06:51.439
put your inside of your hand on it
0:06:51.439,0:06:54.150
so fortunately
0:06:54.150,0:06:58.509
that one host
a month added at SRI
0:06:58.509,0:07:02.319
university of California Santa barbara and
the university of Utah
0:07:02.319,0:07:05.470
which gave us a map like this
0:07:05.470,0:07:07.870
so you can see
0:07:07.870,0:07:12.019
the round things here are the IMPs there's
four of them
0:07:12.019,0:07:14.749
and each one of them has exactly one host
0:07:14.749,0:07:15.929
hanging off of it
0:07:15.929,0:07:20.109
you could have up to four hosts connected to a single IMP
0:07:20.109,0:07:23.209
so kind of a mini star topology.
0:07:23.209,0:07:27.350
this is actually very important look at this
because it's already
0:07:27.350,0:07:29.210
an arbitrary
0:07:29.210,0:07:36.199
networks topology. its not a star configuration
its not a ring configuration
0:07:36.199,0:07:37.669
its essentially arbitrary
0:07:37.669,0:07:39.049
hookup
0:07:39.049,0:07:41.030
and that actually
0:07:41.030,0:07:43.849
is something that we had
0:07:43.849,0:07:47.080
that industry had to rediscover as well
0:07:47.080,0:07:48.050
the other thing
0:07:48.050,0:07:49.979
that knows is that there is
0:07:49.979,0:07:51.999
Magnium three sixteen
0:07:51.999,0:07:55.669
a Sigma 7, an XDS nine fourteen
0:07:55.669,0:07:57.969
and a PDP ten there were no
0:07:57.969,0:08:01.449
two identical architectures on the first
Arpanet
0:08:01.449,0:08:05.309
it was designed right from the start to
be headed off tramps
0:08:05.309,0:08:07.229
this was untrue of
0:08:07.229,0:08:09.449
any network that you saw
0:08:09.449,0:08:11.259
up until
0:08:11.259,0:08:13.100
any other network
0:08:13.100,0:08:14.770
for example
0:08:14.770,0:08:17.749
Microsoft networks always assume you're running
windows
0:08:17.749,0:08:19.220
on the program
0:08:19.220,0:08:19.939
hardware
0:08:19.939,0:08:23.659
the Arpanet had a totally different view
0:08:23.659,0:08:25.919
now here's just kind of a humor
0:08:25.919,0:08:28.229
picture did
0:08:28.229,0:08:32.269
this is John Pasto sorry it's not very good
0:08:32.269,0:08:33.699
Steve Carcker
0:08:33.699,0:08:35.540
and Vint Cert
0:08:35.540,0:08:40.539
I have no idea what the pickles are
about
0:08:40.539,0:08:44.500
but I do think it's interesting that here
are probably the three people who were
0:08:44.500,0:08:46.470
but fathers of the internet
0:08:46.470,0:08:48.690
and they couldn't even get it right
0:08:48.690,0:08:55.690
they've got outputs connected to outputs and inputs to inputs
0:08:58.030,0:08:59.510
so wasn't
0:08:59.510,0:09:02.270
all that long
0:09:02.270,0:09:07.740
before the network was quite a bit bigger
this has gone cross country now
0:09:07.740,0:09:09.560
we should point out
0:09:09.560,0:09:11.350
these links
0:09:11.350,0:09:14.620
were really really fast data links
0:09:14.620,0:09:18.830
fifty six kilobytes per second
0:09:18.830,0:09:22.230
and they cost a fortune
0:09:22.230,0:09:23.620
so fact
0:09:23.620,0:09:27.780
that they started off in one little cluster
together on the west coast was just to
0:09:27.780,0:09:30.000
save costs as much as anything
0:09:30.000,0:09:32.310
but by September they had spread out
0:09:32.310,0:09:34.000
quite a bit now
0:09:34.000,0:09:35.430
the Arpanet was designed
0:09:35.430,0:09:36.510
to
0:09:36.510,0:09:38.880
share expensive resources
0:09:38.880,0:09:40.040
so
0:09:40.040,0:09:43.450
lots of universities wanted to have their
own computer
0:09:43.450,0:09:45.990
but computers were too expensive
0:09:45.990,0:09:47.580
so they could put in
0:09:47.580,0:09:49.830
small machines
0:09:49.830,0:09:51.050
that could
0:09:51.050,0:09:54.149
you could connect to the larger machines with
over the net
0:09:54.149,0:09:59.130
and so the two primary protocols of the time
were Telnet and FTP
0:09:59.130,0:10:00.660
e-mail was not
0:10:00.660,0:10:01.960
even considered
0:10:01.960,0:10:06.960
in the original design of the Arpanet
0:10:06.960,0:10:10.110
what do the
0:10:10.110,0:10:11.030
teams
0:10:11.030,0:10:13.450
mean the teams in minor. those were
0:10:13.450,0:10:16.580
they're called tips they were
0:10:16.580,0:10:17.860
essentially
0:10:17.860,0:10:19.760
access
0:10:19.760,0:10:22.800
if you will smart
0:10:22.800,0:10:23.650
0:10:23.650,0:10:27.550
well not very smart notes. they weren't actually
computers they were places you could log in
0:10:27.550,0:10:30.610
be it just a terminal if you will
0:10:30.610,0:10:32.370
so you know being an IMP
0:10:32.370,0:10:33.590
they had no
0:10:33.590,0:10:37.710
computer there on the network that they could
log into the other places
0:10:37.710,0:10:40.950
that's fundamentally it
0:10:40.950,0:10:42.360
okay
0:10:42.360,0:10:46.620
so in late nineteen seventy one was one of
the first network e-mail
0:10:46.620,0:10:50.450
was sent if you're going to tell first ever
in all of history
0:10:50.450,0:10:55.340
it was sent by this guy Ray Thompson who
was indeed the real father of e-mail
0:10:55.340,0:10:59.850
people sometimes try and make me out to be
that but it just isn't true
0:10:59.850,0:11:00.970
he really is
0:11:00.970,0:11:01.999
he was working
0:11:01.999,0:11:03.830
at
0:11:03.830,0:11:07.630
Bolt Beranek and Newman which was one of the
contractors on the Arpanet
0:11:07.630,0:11:10.869
the original version was just
0:11:10.869,0:11:15.110
part of FTP. he did a file transfer
and the
0:11:15.110,0:11:16.010
special semantics were
0:11:16.010,0:11:20.050
it would just depend whatever you had out of
the end of some fixed file so each person
0:11:20.050,0:11:21.220
would have an Inbox
0:11:21.220,0:11:23.260
and it would go splat
0:11:23.260,0:11:26.580
and add your text to the end of their
0:11:26.580,0:11:29.520
mailbox I don't think it had headers at the top
0:11:29.520,0:11:33.750
it was in late 1971 and it
linked two machines that were creatively named
0:11:33.750,0:11:36.630
the BBNA and BBNB
0:11:36.630,0:11:41.060
there they are the first two e-mail notice
that they're sitting right next to each
0:11:41.060,0:11:41.690
other
0:11:41.690,0:11:46.900
the first e-mail was not sent around the world
or anything like that. it stayed within a single
0:11:46.900,0:11:48.220
room
0:11:48.220,0:11:53.230
these are PEP temps by the way
0:11:53.230,0:11:58.820
just as an aside now really eleven seventy
one Unix one dot oh came out
0:11:58.820,0:12:02.560
that was done by these folks Ken Thompson
and Dennis Richie
0:12:02.560,0:12:06.910
Unix 1.0 wasn't particularly interesting
from network point of view but
0:12:06.910,0:12:08.399
we all know what
0:12:08.399,0:12:10.860
eventually happened to
0:12:10.860,0:12:15.480
Unix I'm kind of putting this into a historic
context
0:12:15.480,0:12:20.190
so let's go to 1973 it was
the beginning of a really really exciting
0:12:20.190,0:12:22.390
time at Berkeley, not
0:12:22.390,0:12:23.540
0:12:23.540,0:12:27.360
not entirely because that was the year I entered
Berkeley but
0:12:27.360,0:12:29.590
that was one of the reasons
0:12:29.590,0:12:32.120
and at the same time there were people
0:12:32.120,0:12:36.499
running around like this guy Bill Joy who had a lot to do with
0:12:36.499,0:12:37.980
Berkeley NX
0:12:37.980,0:12:41.930
and this guy who's out there somewhere
0:12:41.930,0:12:44.780
you cannot have a better picture
0:12:44.780,0:12:50.460
If I had a picture of him from that your era
he's actually leaning down next to a truck
0:12:50.460,0:12:51.420
that said
0:12:51.420,0:12:54.740
that said weak detection unit on it
0:12:54.740,0:13:00.059
but it was only a little tiny then so I didn't take that.
This was another guy
0:13:00.059,0:13:01.620
another grad student
0:13:01.620,0:13:05.070
we always thought he was kind of arrogant because
0:13:05.070,0:13:07.549
he said his goal was to be
0:13:07.549,0:13:10.600
the CEO of a major corporation which we thought was
0:13:10.600,0:13:11.769
not something we could
0:13:11.769,0:13:14.260
plan for. He is now CEO Google
0:13:14.260,0:13:18.190
after being CEO Novell on
0:13:18.190,0:13:19.100
well I'm
0:13:19.100,0:13:20.500
Chee had I only
0:13:20.500,0:13:25.120
gone to his school
0:13:25.120,0:13:27.990
so as a result of these and a lot of other
0:13:27.990,0:13:32.310
very creative people that were just a huge number
of people that ended up at Berkeley all at the
0:13:32.310,0:13:33.119
same time
0:13:33.119,0:13:36.610
you seemed to be really excited about this Unix stuff
0:13:36.610,0:13:38.900
they came up with
0:13:38.900,0:13:40.000
0:13:40.000,0:13:42.310
what's now known as Berkeley NX
0:13:42.310,0:13:47.350
so first Bill who did the Berkeley software distributions that were quite literally
0:13:47.350,0:13:49.470
just a mad tape
0:13:49.470,0:13:50.129
and
0:13:50.129,0:13:54.030
because of various licensing reasons the
best he could do
0:13:54.030,0:13:56.830
couldn't really even legally label the tape
0:13:56.830,0:14:01.470
he put a label out that said this is a tape of this
0:14:01.470,0:14:03.070
and turned it in
0:14:03.070,0:14:08.800
this is the first Beastie mascot
drawing. this is out of order. this dint
0:14:08.800,0:14:10.660
actually come until later
0:14:10.660,0:14:11.660
this was
0:14:11.660,0:14:16.610
done by a guy who worked with Sam Lefller
who was also one of the Berkeley guys
0:14:16.610,0:14:18.730
at Pixar
0:14:18.730,0:14:20.630
his name is John Lassiter
0:14:20.630,0:14:24.320
and as you know he now runs Disney corporation
0:14:24.320,0:14:30.240
so he owns the original art which is probably
worth a fortune then
0:14:30.240,0:14:32.430
so moving along
0:14:32.430,0:14:34.340
Merkle puzzles
0:14:34.340,0:14:36.270
now Merkle puzzles
0:14:36.270,0:14:37.390
probably most of you
0:14:37.390,0:14:40.500
have never even heard of
0:14:40.500,0:14:42.050
a guy named Ralph Merkle
0:14:42.050,0:14:44.160
graduate student at Berkeley
0:14:44.160,0:14:46.070
submitted a proposal
0:14:46.070,0:14:49.600
for a paper for CS two forty four
0:14:49.600,0:14:51.910
which was rejected
0:14:51.910,0:14:53.190
because it was
0:14:53.190,0:14:55.110
an obviously absurd idea
0:14:55.110,0:15:00.020
it was in fact the basis for public key encryption
0:15:00.020,0:15:00.860
and
0:15:00.860,0:15:02.590
without public key encryption
0:15:02.590,0:15:08.590
any kind of authentication and global encryption
was completely impractical because before
0:15:08.590,0:15:10.710
that all we had was symmetric keys
0:15:10.710,0:15:13.540
so if there were
0:15:13.540,0:15:15.239
in people on the
0:15:15.239,0:15:17.140
network
0:15:17.140,0:15:20.780
and you need to exchange with them you needed n squared
0:15:20.780,0:15:22.930
copies of keys all over the place and that
0:15:22.930,0:15:25.460
you just couldn't deal with that as n got
0:15:25.460,0:15:29.510
you know to really large numbers like a
hundred
0:15:29.510,0:15:32.919
so the other thing was encryption was still
0:15:32.919,0:15:35.690
classified by the US government as a munition
0:15:35.690,0:15:36.900
which means it wasn't legal
0:15:36.900,0:15:39.810
to export it to other countries
0:15:39.810,0:15:44.320
and even back then there were starting to
be is substantial amount of international
0:15:44.320,0:15:46.000
involvement with
0:15:46.000,0:15:49.220
Unix and other such systems
0:15:49.220,0:15:50.020
so
0:15:50.020,0:15:52.100
in
0:15:52.100,0:15:56.600
April of 1977 the RSA algorithm was finally
published. this of course is the
0:15:56.600,0:15:58.670
one that everyone knows about as the work
0:15:58.670,0:15:59.640
is directly
0:15:59.640,0:16:04.440
based on Merkle's work
0:16:04.440,0:16:06.890
so I think 1977
0:16:06.890,0:16:10.440
as we see that the networks gotten quite
a bit larger
0:16:10.440,0:16:12.280
this was
0:16:12.280,0:16:15.490
pretty close to its peak I think
0:16:15.490,0:16:16.839
actually still its bigger
0:16:16.839,0:16:21.030
the pink loans and pink sounds
0:16:21.030,0:16:21.980
by the way
0:16:21.980,0:16:24.179
when i say different architectures
0:16:24.179,0:16:26.030
16 bit words
0:16:26.030,0:16:30.190
36 bit words 60 bit words
0:16:30.190,0:16:31.149
0:16:31.149,0:16:33.040
what else do I have
0:16:33.040,0:16:37.209
up here? just all kinds of things are even some machines
that have
0:16:37.209,0:16:39.970
twenty bit words ten bit bytes
0:16:39.970,0:16:42.690
and somehow they've managed to make that work
0:16:42.690,0:16:45.290
there's a couple of interesting things on here they have
0:16:45.290,0:16:48.679
so satellite links to Hawaii and to
0:16:48.679,0:16:51.030
Norway
0:16:51.030,0:16:54.589
and so the the network had gone international
0:16:54.589,0:16:55.450
sort of
0:16:55.450,0:16:57.010
I say sort of because
0:16:57.010,0:16:59.610
it was going to a US
0:16:59.610,0:17:02.160
air force base I think in
0:17:02.160,0:17:04.220
Norway so
0:17:04.220,0:17:06.949
was still considered a military thing at that
point
0:17:06.949,0:17:08.070
so
0:17:08.070,0:17:14.450
the non-US citizens weren't supposed to have
access to it
0:17:14.450,0:17:16.919
UUCP got published
0:17:16.919,0:17:19.589
in 1978
0:17:19.589,0:17:20.939
it brought
0:17:20.939,0:17:25.539
network access of the sort to universities
that didn't have to darker contracts which were
0:17:25.539,0:17:27.000
I've hard to get
0:17:27.000,0:17:30.990
and by the way getting an Arpanet link was
very expensive so you pretty much
0:17:30.990,0:17:37.190
needed to have a darker sponsor which
is to be able to afford it
0:17:37.190,0:17:43.340
in May of 1978 the
first ever spent was sent on the
0:17:43.340,0:17:46.489
Arpanet. at the time it was a DEC salesman
and
0:17:46.489,0:17:49.300
I'll tell you more about what he did
0:17:49.300,0:17:51.809
shortly
0:17:51.809,0:17:54.000
late 1979
0:17:54.000,0:17:56.090
was the appearance of Usenet
0:17:56.090,0:17:58.980
which was based originally on UUCP although
0:17:58.980,0:18:00.890
could easily work over the Arpanet
0:18:00.890,0:18:05.520
this made it was the predecessor of
what we would now call forums and blogs and
0:18:05.520,0:18:06.570
things like that
0:18:06.570,0:18:12.440
but most importantly it made flame words possible
0:18:12.440,0:18:14.240
and then
0:18:14.240,0:18:15.200
finally
0:18:15.200,0:18:21.140
in September 1979 UCB
got an Arpanet nose. they actually had the one before
0:18:21.140,0:18:24.190
but it had then shut down because the
0:18:24.190,0:18:26.410
the guy who ran it
0:18:26.410,0:18:30.170
was told that he had failed to demonstrate
that his
0:18:30.170,0:18:34.380
research was going to enable them to build
smarter bombs
0:18:34.380,0:18:36.240
literally i saw the letter
0:18:36.240,0:18:38.049
but by
0:18:38.049,0:18:38.909
this point
0:18:38.909,0:18:41.600
the group I was working on INGREs
0:18:41.600,0:18:43.990
got that link
0:18:43.990,0:18:46.250
we were database management
0:18:46.250,0:18:50.500
system and of course the government was very
interested in data bases
0:18:50.500,0:18:54.500
and in particular distributed databases
0:18:54.500,0:18:56.760
we didn't have a very big
0:18:56.760,0:19:00.360
grasp so we had a whopping 9600 baud
0:19:00.360,0:19:05.960
link to the Arpanet. this is for all of campus
0:19:05.960,0:19:07.029
actually it was for
0:19:07.029,0:19:09.309
CS division
0:19:09.309,0:19:11.550
which was not all of campus but
0:19:11.550,0:19:13.659
you know the folks some of the departments
0:19:13.659,0:19:15.640
didn't have a clue what a network was
0:19:15.640,0:19:18.880
but everyone in the CS division wanted
0:19:18.880,0:19:20.000
0:19:20.000,0:19:21.700
access to the Arpanet
0:19:21.700,0:19:26.750
of course because it was the newest shiny bling thing
to have and everyone
0:19:26.750,0:19:27.719
had to get there
0:19:27.719,0:19:29.880
well we had a PDP-11
0:19:29.880,0:19:34.570
that really could handle that many simultaneous
logins much less
0:19:34.570,0:19:38.150
the ports that were expensive at the time
0:19:38.150,0:19:42.390
to put this into perspective we had a PDP-11 seventy
that had a one point five micro
0:19:42.390,0:19:46.660
second cycle time so substantially less than one minute
0:19:46.660,0:19:48.990
the 16-bit word and we have
0:19:48.990,0:19:52.669
a lot of memory we had a 196K of memory
0:19:52.669,0:19:54.780
on the system
0:19:54.780,0:19:55.910
we would have to put
0:19:55.910,0:19:58.990
a DH-11 ports
0:19:58.990,0:19:59.730
another
0:19:59.730,0:20:05.200
this is a port multiplex where you get 16 words
cost about 4700 dollars so
0:20:05.200,0:20:06.960
about 300 dollars
0:20:06.960,0:20:10.410
per port which doesn't sound like much
but remember
0:20:10.410,0:20:14.340
that's like 1,000 dollars per port today
0:20:14.340,0:20:15.590
so
0:20:15.590,0:20:16.840
well I have to show off
0:20:16.840,0:20:20.890
some things this is a PDP 11 seventy.this
is what computers are supposed to look like
0:20:20.890,0:20:22.880
unlike what they are today
0:20:22.880,0:20:25.610
they had switches and lights and
0:20:25.610,0:20:32.610
all kinds of cool things and dials. Ah it was great so
0:20:33.300,0:20:34.670
we had
0:20:34.670,0:20:37.120
we were what we're able to do was
0:20:37.120,0:20:41.040
release two TT white ports three hundred
baud TT white ports
0:20:41.040,0:20:44.790
to be shared among everyone in the computer
science division
0:20:44.790,0:20:47.140
at Berkeley
0:20:47.140,0:20:49.950
probably about
0:20:49.950,0:20:51.920
fifty people well
0:20:51.920,0:20:54.149
forty professors. there were
0:20:54.149,0:20:57.280
other students but we just said no you know
0:20:57.280,0:20:58.250
still
0:20:58.250,0:21:00.640
can't handle it can't possibly do that
0:21:00.640,0:21:03.440
but professors could have their
0:21:03.440,0:21:05.400
computer
0:21:05.400,0:21:08.010
terminal sorry in their office
0:21:08.010,0:21:11.470
and they had a line that ran into the-mail room
and there was a plug board
0:21:11.470,0:21:12.140
he could
0:21:12.140,0:21:16.170
put in the patch code between your office
and whatever computer you want to have access
0:21:16.170,0:21:18.370
to and there were two those
0:21:18.370,0:21:22.040
for the Arpanet machine which was the
machine I was
0:21:22.040,0:21:23.040
working on then
0:21:23.040,0:21:26.770
and of course people would come along
they want access to the Arpanet. they just
0:21:26.770,0:21:27.289
unplug
0:21:27.289,0:21:31.020
one of the cables that was in there and plug in theirs
0:21:31.020,0:21:35.010
there were professors having screaming matches
at each other in the hallways and it
0:21:35.010,0:21:37.960
probably came to fisticuffs at some point
0:21:37.960,0:21:42.340
and of course they all came to me and wanted
me to fix the problem
0:21:42.340,0:21:47.029
I wasn't it and I don't know how they thought
I was going to fix the problem
0:21:47.029,0:21:51.960
which I was an undergraduate then I don't know how they
thought I was gonna fix the problem. What I did however was
observe what they really wanted was not access to the
0:21:51.960,0:21:53.490
Arpanet like FTP and
0:21:53.490,0:21:54.880
Telnet
0:21:54.880,0:21:55.920
what they want
0:21:55.920,0:21:58.970
was e-mail.Email was the killer rap
0:21:58.970,0:22:00.750
even back then
0:22:00.750,0:22:05.270
we had something called Berknet that linked our
internal machines
0:22:05.270,0:22:09.300
using RS 232 lines of
9600 baud this is written by
0:22:09.300,0:22:13.860
a guy named Eric Schmidt yes the very same Eric Schmidt
who is now CEO of Google and he's a better
0:22:13.860,0:22:17.500
CEO than he is a coder
0:22:17.500,0:22:20.640
but it worked
0:22:20.640,0:22:25.440
as it turns out we also had a UUCP connection
which ran from the main department machine
0:22:25.440,0:22:25.690
which
0:22:25.690,0:22:30.680
was a VAX OM 780 call Ernie CoVAX
0:22:30.680,0:22:32.860
and so I wrote something called deliver mail
0:22:32.860,0:22:34.380
deliver mail was just
0:22:34.380,0:22:37.000
a quick hack to forward
0:22:37.000,0:22:41.610
messages between networks it dint have time to
anything like fixing headers or
0:22:41.610,0:22:42.900
anything like that
0:22:42.900,0:22:45.740
so it was a disaster in some sense waiting to happen
0:22:45.740,0:22:51.290
well it got the professors off of my back
so as far as I was concerned it was a success
0:22:51.290,0:22:53.359
It got released in four
0:22:53.359,0:22:54.520
point zero what
0:22:54.520,0:22:58.140
is now four zero BSD which is four BSD at the time
0:22:58.140,0:23:03.230
in 1980 and much to my shock it turned out to be
very popular Berkeley
0:23:03.230,0:23:06.190
was not unique lots and lots of places
0:23:06.190,0:23:11.150
have this problem
0:23:11.150,0:23:15.700
and so there is deliver mail on the chart
now you can see this is
0:23:15.700,0:23:16.870
pretty much
0:23:16.870,0:23:20.880
toward the end of the the Arpanet era
0:23:20.880,0:23:22.520
the Arpanet
0:23:22.520,0:23:23.680
geographically now looks
0:23:23.680,0:23:24.620
like this
0:23:24.620,0:23:28.240
the circles by the way were exploded in the other
0:23:28.240,0:23:31.110
material that I had but I dint want to
0:23:31.110,0:23:32.500
give you all of that but
0:23:32.500,0:23:35.190
there is several satellite link now
0:23:35.190,0:23:36.269
0:23:36.269,0:23:40.279
there's a direct satellite link to London that's
still at Hawaii link
0:23:40.279,0:23:41.300
and so forth
0:23:41.300,0:23:43.429
if you look carefully you will see the
0:23:43.429,0:23:45.120
main
0:23:45.120,0:23:46.840
university
0:23:46.840,0:23:53.840
military and military contractors sites
0:23:58.450,0:24:03.810
that's all of them. Sizemo I don't
know if Sizemo had an Arpanet link I don't think
0:24:03.810,0:24:07.990
they did although they could have
0:24:07.990,0:24:10.880
it would have been in here somewhere so
0:24:10.880,0:24:13.899
0:24:13.899,0:24:16.410
I think that came later
0:24:16.410,0:24:17.760
let's put it this way
0:24:17.760,0:24:22.800
we Berkeley ended up being the gateway between
the UUCP and the Arpanet
0:24:22.800,0:24:27.080
cos it didn't take people long to figure out
a route-mail
0:24:27.080,0:24:30.770
you're there you had to do it manually but
it could be done
0:24:30.770,0:24:34.300
I will have a comment about that later
0:24:34.300,0:24:36.640
so let's continue on to the next phase
0:24:36.640,0:24:40.090
by 1981 through 1988
0:24:40.090,0:24:43.790
this goes from 213 hosts
that were on
0:24:43.790,0:24:48.320
the Arpanet to 3300
hosts in seven years
0:24:48.320,0:24:53.460
so we'll start with our usual graph
0:24:53.460,0:24:58.180
this was when I started first putting SMTP on a Sendmail
0:24:58.180,0:25:02.590
worked on Sendmail before because things
like header writing
0:25:02.590,0:25:06.810
was becoming a real problem. you couldn't reply to addresses.
everyone you had to be
0:25:06.810,0:25:09.000
to be a guru in order to
0:25:09.000,0:25:14.330
figure out how to address things there
was even an entire book
0:25:14.330,0:25:15.590
put up
0:25:15.590,0:25:16.910
that described
0:25:16.910,0:25:19.570
how to do addressing
0:25:19.570,0:25:21.070
but
0:25:21.070,0:25:22.769
Berkeley got a contract
0:25:22.769,0:25:25.140
to do the
0:25:25.140,0:25:26.390
base
0:25:26.390,0:25:31.090
platform operating system platform to support darker
research they had all of these
0:25:31.090,0:25:33.720
diverse machines
0:25:33.720,0:25:37.700
but they discovered that that made it really
hard for research projects to share work with
0:25:37.700,0:25:41.920
each other so they decided that there would
be a standard platform it would be the VAX
0:25:41.920,0:25:43.259
1178
0:25:43.259,0:25:45.260
running Berkeley Unix
0:25:45.260,0:25:48.039
and one of things they needed was an SMTP server
0:25:48.039,0:25:50.780
is by the way I haven't said anything about
0:25:50.780,0:25:56.350
SMTP being published it wasn't published
and I was working on up very early drafts
0:25:56.350,0:26:02.100
and what happened was Bill Joy asked me
random data base not Sendmail
0:26:02.100,0:26:03.990
Bill Joy came up to me and said
0:26:03.990,0:26:06.470
you know would you do this
0:26:06.470,0:26:07.630
and
0:26:07.630,0:26:14.300
in a moment of weakness said sure how hard
can it be
0:26:14.300,0:26:17.840
25 years later I'm telling you who
it is
0:26:17.840,0:26:20.570
harder than it looks
0:26:20.570,0:26:21.900
and
0:26:21.900,0:26:23.340
few months later
0:26:23.340,0:26:28.149
4.1a which was technically test
release
0:26:28.149,0:26:30.290
came out with Sendmail
0:26:30.290,0:26:31.849
SMTP which also have
0:26:31.849,0:26:33.770
the first networks that
0:26:33.770,0:26:35.160
so
0:26:35.160,0:26:37.130
this is
0:26:37.130,0:26:39.570
Berkeley Unix on the internet
0:26:39.570,0:26:42.230
except the internet doesn't exist yet
0:26:42.230,0:26:47.620
sort of exists. there is this test platform but the
world still using Arpanet
0:26:47.620,0:26:53.120
finally about a year after I started implementing
SMTP the specs were
0:26:53.120,0:26:53.940
published
0:26:53.940,0:26:55.650
after
0:26:55.650,0:26:57.220
it's been shipped
0:26:57.220,0:27:01.940
its an internet tradition
by the way
0:27:01.940,0:27:04.290
January 1st 1983
0:27:04.290,0:27:08.530
was the flag day it was just called the flag day
0:27:08.530,0:27:10.470
that was the day that
0:27:10.470,0:27:12.800
the government said we're going to turn off
0:27:12.800,0:27:14.580
the Arpanet
0:27:14.580,0:27:17.200
and they literally just said
0:27:17.200,0:27:19.620
we're going to send out a message into all the IMPs
0:27:19.620,0:27:21.940
to stop forwarding packets
0:27:21.940,0:27:24.809
and if you're not on the internet by then
0:27:24.809,0:27:27.480
you're going to lose your network connectivity
0:27:27.480,0:27:31.470
and there were a whole bunch of people who
said yeah yeah they're bluffing and guess what
0:27:31.470,0:27:34.180
they lost their network connectivity
0:27:34.180,0:27:36.460
but Berkeley was there we didn't
0:27:36.460,0:27:37.269
so
0:27:37.269,0:27:39.520
that was cool
0:27:39.520,0:27:44.659
in September of 1983 the same year
a 4.2 BSD shipped
0:27:44.659,0:27:47.190
this was kind of the basis for
0:27:47.190,0:27:50.030
at least from the user interface
0:27:50.030,0:27:53.390
was the basis for
0:27:53.390,0:27:55.420
Unix as we know it today
0:27:55.420,0:27:57.910
so it had all the network and
0:27:57.910,0:27:59.190
stuff and
0:27:59.190,0:28:00.370
at that point
0:28:00.370,0:28:04.910
we were able to track down John Lasetter and
have him do an update
0:28:04.910,0:28:08.830
and does it seem much more important at the
time so
0:28:08.830,0:28:11.910
here's Beastie in color with the attractive green
0:28:11.910,0:28:17.890
tennis shoes and so forth
0:28:17.890,0:28:20.890
once again for historic context I have to
0:28:20.890,0:28:22.400
run in some things
0:28:22.400,0:28:26.670
in 1985 there was a company actually
did some more research it was originally called
0:28:26.670,0:28:31.300
control video corporation changed his name
to quantum computer services
0:28:31.300,0:28:36.980
an year later that changed its name to
America Online
0:28:36.980,0:28:40.210
they had the walled garden they had an e-mail
0:28:40.210,0:28:44.470
only among other AOL subscribers they
weren't connected to the internet
0:28:44.470,0:28:45.720
in any
0:28:45.720,0:28:49.030
any sense
0:28:49.030,0:28:50.810
this is really important
0:28:50.810,0:28:55.720
may 1987 a guy named Rick
Adams who worked in Sizemo
0:28:55.720,0:28:59.440
went off and started the first commercialized PE
0:28:59.440,0:29:05.500
there was apparently another one that started
on exactly the same day so the two people
0:29:05.500,0:29:07.830
get to fight each other over who was first
0:29:07.830,0:29:11.500
the difference is that UUNET turned into one of
the largest pieces
0:29:11.500,0:29:15.100
in the world and the other one didn't
0:29:15.100,0:29:16.549
so
0:29:16.549,0:29:18.669
this was the first time that you could
0:29:18.669,0:29:21.470
get access to the internet without being
0:29:21.470,0:29:24.490
a government
0:29:24.490,0:29:25.610
government-sponsored
0:29:25.610,0:29:29.860
so that's a big deal
0:29:29.860,0:29:34.460
so of next chunk of history we'll take from
1988 to 1993 at this point
0:29:34.460,0:29:35.940
I'm going in about
0:29:35.940,0:29:37.340
ten x
0:29:37.340,0:29:40.320
both on the internet just in progress graphs
0:29:40.320,0:29:42.130
pretty clear
0:29:42.130,0:29:43.570
so
0:29:43.570,0:29:48.549
this was kind of the first security incidents
on the internet the internet worm
0:29:48.549,0:29:52.140
It was written by Grampston in a Harvard and who
0:29:52.140,0:29:56.620
probably should have flunked out because he
didn't understand commentary growth
0:29:56.620,0:29:59.670
and he really thought that this thing would run
0:29:59.670,0:30:03.390
quietly on the internet and first of
all there was a bug in his
0:30:03.390,0:30:04.380
program
0:30:04.380,0:30:07.410
so it didn't kill itself off as it was supposed
to and
0:30:07.410,0:30:11.900
he didn't understand that if each machine infects 4 machines
0:30:11.900,0:30:13.580
that's a really large
0:30:13.580,0:30:15.200
power
0:30:15.200,0:30:17.680
not a small one
0:30:17.680,0:30:23.470
but it did make people start to think for
the first time about
0:30:23.470,0:30:30.000
security on the internet up until the internet had
been kind of
0:30:30.000,0:30:31.739
a very collegiate
0:30:31.739,0:30:32.420
atmosphere
0:30:32.420,0:30:37.360
you had to be to be on the internet you had to
be a researcher to get on it
0:30:37.360,0:30:41.409
if you wanted an account on somebody else's
machine to be good all you do is they can
0:30:41.409,0:30:45.070
I had an account and go sure give you an
account
0:30:45.070,0:30:48.529
so security dint seem all that important but
0:30:48.529,0:30:49.669
this made it clear that
0:30:49.669,0:30:53.890
it was
0:30:53.890,0:30:59.690
March 1989 in fact exactly
30 years ago this past Friday two days
0:30:59.690,0:31:01.070
ago
0:31:01.070,0:31:03.510
Tim Berners-Lee proposed what
0:31:03.510,0:31:06.030
we now know as the world wide web
0:31:06.030,0:31:10.740
he did a prototype browser that was published
in October
0:31:10.740,0:31:12.799
of 1990
0:31:12.799,0:31:17.649
and but that one kind of disappeared it
was more concerned
0:31:17.649,0:31:18.779
research
0:31:18.779,0:31:21.440
organization in Switzerland
0:31:21.440,0:31:23.330
so there's Tim
0:31:23.330,0:31:27.299
I think that was not
0:31:27.299,0:31:33.820
contemporary. I think he had more hair when he
proposed it
0:31:33.820,0:31:36.720
okay
0:31:36.720,0:31:39.320
we had the internet
0:31:39.320,0:31:41.100
and that allowed
0:31:41.100,0:31:41.840
non
0:31:41.840,0:31:44.630
government people to get access to the net
0:31:44.630,0:31:49.780
but the backbone of the internet was still run
by the national science foundation getting transferred
0:31:49.780,0:31:50.480
from
0:31:50.480,0:31:52.310
the military
0:31:52.310,0:31:54.460
over to
0:31:54.460,0:31:58.200
non military government funding but it
was still
0:31:58.200,0:31:59.530
funded
0:31:59.530,0:32:06.530
and their rules that an acceptable use policy
that said no commercial traffic
0:32:07.160,0:32:09.370
so UUNET customers could
0:32:09.370,0:32:13.660
run commercial traffic to each other but they
could write to other people. there wasn't any chance
0:32:13.660,0:32:17.800
that would run over these wires
0:32:17.800,0:32:18.670
that effectively said
0:32:18.670,0:32:23.830
you can't use the the internet for commercial
purposes at all
0:32:23.830,0:32:24.649
CIX
0:32:24.649,0:32:30.430
which then stood for commercial internet
exchange was where the various
0:32:30.430,0:32:34.690
largish ISP were started to be regional.
there was one on the west coast and one
0:32:34.690,0:32:37.760
on the east coast and one of the southeast
and
0:32:37.760,0:32:38.890
so forth said
0:32:38.890,0:32:42.300
we're all going to run wires together into one room
0:32:42.300,0:32:46.070
we're going to put a big router there and we're
going to be able to exchange traffic with us
0:32:46.070,0:32:48.960
without ever going over an SF net
0:32:48.960,0:32:52.769
because we're not allowed commercial traffic
and they essentially said cut the government
0:32:52.769,0:32:57.539
out of the equation which was great as that's what
the government wanted anyway
0:32:57.539,0:32:58.250
so
0:32:58.250,0:33:03.450
1991 July was the first
time he could really use the internet for
0:33:03.450,0:33:07.340
anything commercial
0:33:07.340,0:33:13.529
1992 a multipurpose internet
mail extensions was published a USENET
0:33:13.529,0:33:14.300
conference
0:33:14.300,0:33:16.470
0:33:16.470,0:33:21.110
and this allowed embedding something other
than plain text
0:33:21.110,0:33:21.850
into
0:33:21.850,0:33:25.310
e-mail messages notably at the time it was
used for
0:33:25.310,0:33:27.700
pictures or graphs and
0:33:27.700,0:33:30.130
things like that there was discussion about
maybe
0:33:30.130,0:33:31.690
maybe some day we could
0:33:31.690,0:33:36.960
do sound and possibly way way way in the distant future
we may be able to think about video but
0:33:36.960,0:33:41.450
it was really just pictures
0:33:41.450,0:33:46.300
okay 1993 through 1996 is
taking us from one point three million to
0:33:46.300,0:33:49.639
to almost thirteen million
0:33:49.639,0:33:51.420
0:33:51.420,0:33:55.549
February of 1993 NCSA mosaic was released
this is the national center
0:33:55.549,0:33:59.350
for super computer applications at the university
of Illinois
0:33:59.350,0:34:00.620
Champane Urbana
0:34:00.620,0:34:02.800
it's the first broadly used
0:34:02.800,0:34:05.429
browser and in fact
0:34:05.429,0:34:07.360
was the direct descendant
0:34:07.360,0:34:08.960
sorry the
0:34:08.960,0:34:10.440
direct parent of
0:34:10.440,0:34:12.099
Netscape
0:34:12.099,0:34:19.099
and Mozilla and so forth all kind
of goes back to NCSA mosaic
0:34:19.739,0:34:21.450
now Sendmail had been
0:34:21.450,0:34:26.149
I had abandoned Sendmail for a number
of years because I've gone to work for start-up
0:34:26.149,0:34:26.659
and
0:34:26.659,0:34:30.719
they seem to want action work on what I was
being paid for
0:34:30.719,0:34:32.369
and
0:34:32.369,0:34:34.109
Sendmail had diverged
0:34:34.109,0:34:38.489
and so there were many versions of it. some of them
had some good ideas some of them some not
0:34:38.489,0:34:39.519
so good
0:34:39.519,0:34:40.869
ideas
0:34:40.869,0:34:43.219
every vendor
0:34:43.219,0:34:47.449
like DEC and HP and IBM and so forthhad their own
0:34:47.449,0:34:49.449
proprietary version of Sendmail
0:34:49.449,0:34:53.509
and you couldn't really share things between them and
I came along and I came
0:34:53.509,0:34:55.809
back to the university
0:34:55.809,0:34:59.249
first a lot of these things and that a lot
of other things all of these things is the
0:34:59.249,0:35:00.599
Sendmail 8 which is
0:35:00.599,0:35:01.980
the Sendmail which
0:35:01.980,0:35:05.319
pretty much still exists to this day
0:35:05.319,0:35:06.719
0:35:06.719,0:35:07.699
that was
0:35:07.699,0:35:10.289
way more successful than I had
0:35:10.289,0:35:10.989
anticipated
0:35:10.989,0:35:12.439
and
0:35:12.439,0:35:14.450
that turned into a problem
0:35:14.450,0:35:16.249
later as we'll see
0:35:16.249,0:35:17.539
Netscape was founded
0:35:17.539,0:35:19.209
in 1994
0:35:19.209,0:35:24.680
Mark Reasen was one of the principles
in that and he essentially left
0:35:24.680,0:35:31.539
NCSA took the source code with him and co
founded the company
0:35:31.539,0:35:38.539
the green code spam anyone remember the greencode spam?
0:35:38.630,0:35:39.700
now I mentioned
0:35:39.700,0:35:41.829
there was the first spam
0:35:41.829,0:35:43.429
earlier
0:35:43.429,0:35:46.859
but it wasn't really a spam
0:35:46.859,0:35:50.299
as i said the network previously largely cooperative
0:35:50.299,0:35:53.039
you know had flame wars but they were
0:35:53.039,0:35:54.259
mostly innocent
0:35:54.259,0:35:55.779
could be dealt with
0:35:55.779,0:36:00.379
turns out that spam was not new. the first electronically
0:36:00.379,0:36:01.210
transmitted
0:36:01.210,0:36:03.239
commercial
0:36:03.239,0:36:04.049
message
0:36:04.049,0:36:07.959
was in September 13th 1904
0:36:07.959,0:36:10.309
using the telegraph
0:36:10.309,0:36:15.699
so advertisers had figured out this new
technology was going to be someplace they
0:36:15.699,0:36:18.569
could thrive
0:36:18.569,0:36:19.789
the first
0:36:19.789,0:36:22.869
e-mail spam was this DEC salesman
0:36:22.869,0:36:25.700
who DEC had released a new
0:36:25.700,0:36:27.979
part of the computer and decided that
0:36:27.979,0:36:31.109
he really want all of its customers to know
about this
0:36:31.109,0:36:31.929
so he sent
0:36:31.929,0:36:33.619
an e-mail message
0:36:33.619,0:36:36.059
with copying every single customer
0:36:36.059,0:36:37.230
did he had
0:36:37.230,0:36:41.259
well it turns out the-mail programs of the
time they thought about having
0:36:41.259,0:36:45.309
you know three or four may be ten recipients
on a message
0:36:45.309,0:36:47.409
not a thousand
0:36:47.409,0:36:50.170
and so it broke the-mail system broke
0:36:50.170,0:36:51.859
all kinds of things
0:36:51.859,0:36:53.769
but I don't really cannot this is the first
0:36:53.769,0:36:57.109
spam because he said gee I didn't know
0:36:57.109,0:36:58.749
he apologized
0:36:58.749,0:37:02.630
well he wasn't trying to do anything malicious.
he genuinely thought that
0:37:02.630,0:37:05.939
his customers would want to know about this
new machine
0:37:05.939,0:37:09.359
there is also a 1988 a chain letter
0:37:09.359,0:37:11.589
called make money fast it was
0:37:11.589,0:37:13.619
a pyramid scheme
0:37:13.619,0:37:14.760
But it wasn't
0:37:14.760,0:37:17.219
really technically a spam either
0:37:17.219,0:37:21.109
but we're definitely seeing the greed
is good attitude coming to
0:37:21.109,0:37:22.900
the internet much to do
0:37:22.900,0:37:24.829
disgust of a lot of us
0:37:24.829,0:37:29.219
and they call a nation was two lawyers and
from Texas Canter and Siegel
0:37:29.219,0:37:31.070
who
0:37:31.070,0:37:34.369
advertise in technically Usenet
0:37:34.369,0:37:35.389
not e-mail
0:37:35.389,0:37:37.309
they sent every single
0:37:37.309,0:37:38.319
news group
0:37:38.319,0:37:40.469
the same posting
0:37:40.469,0:37:46.009
offering to sign people up for a price for
the green card lottery which was so people
0:37:46.009,0:37:48.109
non-residents could work in the US
0:37:48.109,0:37:52.249
they didn't tell you that you could sign yourself
up for free
0:37:52.249,0:37:57.890
but if you gave them money they'd be happy to
do for you what you could do for free
0:37:57.890,0:38:02.590
and they were completely unapologetic about
this they said wait a minute here we have
0:38:02.590,0:38:03.279
the right
0:38:03.279,0:38:04.240
to do this
0:38:04.240,0:38:06.339
they even published a book
0:38:06.339,0:38:08.959
on how to spam
0:38:08.959,0:38:11.689
and they made a ton of money off of that book too
0:38:11.689,0:38:15.979
I believe that brought them this far by
the way and have
0:38:15.979,0:38:19.639
gone into
0:38:19.639,0:38:21.419
you know
0:38:21.419,0:38:24.259
very long
0:38:24.259,0:38:27.209
0:38:27.209,0:38:31.559
April 1994 Webcaller was the
first full text
0:38:31.559,0:38:33.069
Webcaller
0:38:33.069,0:38:38.929
and was the beginning of search engines as
we know them today
0:38:38.929,0:38:40.579
the first
0:38:40.579,0:38:44.929
well this is pseudo liar as good a time as
virus was an e-mail message that went around
0:38:44.929,0:38:46.109
saying
0:38:46.109,0:38:47.409
it's
0:38:47.409,0:38:50.300
the subject was good times it said
0:38:50.300,0:38:52.759
there's a virus running around the network
0:38:52.759,0:38:56.439
if you even open that message
0:38:56.439,0:39:02.119
it will trash your machine you know the message because
it has the subject good times
0:39:02.119,0:39:05.589
forward this to everyone you know
0:39:05.589,0:39:08.080
the warning was itself
0:39:08.080,0:39:09.150
the virus
0:39:09.150,0:39:12.329
and it was tremendously effective I had to
spend
0:39:12.329,0:39:15.299
about two days calming down people about this
0:39:15.299,0:39:16.629
just saying no
0:39:16.629,0:39:21.259
don't forward it
0:39:21.259,0:39:23.359
the
0:39:23.359,0:39:25.089
as I have said so
0:39:25.089,0:39:27.359
earlier Sendmail 8 was very very
0:39:27.359,0:39:28.550
successful
0:39:28.550,0:39:32.799
so successful that I really couldn't support
it myself anymore
0:39:32.799,0:39:34.679
just because untenable so
0:39:34.679,0:39:41.639
I formed a Sendmail consortium was which was
a group of volunteers that helped do this in 1995
0:39:41.639,0:39:47.029
and later 1995 SMIME was published
this was the first attempt to do
0:39:47.029,0:39:49.879
but it actually wasn't the first it was the
0:39:49.879,0:39:52.869
best known to this day attempt to do
0:39:52.869,0:39:54.729
encryption and authentication in e-mail
0:39:54.729,0:39:57.450
that
0:39:57.450,0:39:59.249
back book was published
0:39:59.249,0:40:02.420
I don't remember
0:40:02.420,0:40:07.499
exactly when but it was in 1994
0:40:07.499,0:40:11.549
right in this time frame
0:40:11.549,0:40:17.160
this is 1996 to 2000
from about thirty million two hundred nine
0:40:17.160,0:40:19.779
million hosts
0:40:19.779,0:40:24.979
Hotmail was founded. I thought this was insane
at the time which is why I don't
0:40:24.979,0:40:27.209
you know I'm not filthy rich right now
0:40:27.209,0:40:28.519
Hotmail
0:40:28.519,0:40:33.950
it had access to the internet so I said well
of course you've already got a mailbox they
0:40:33.950,0:40:36.089
gave you free-mail boxes
0:40:36.089,0:40:37.269
and it took off
0:40:37.269,0:40:41.159
like mad it was crazy
0:40:41.159,0:40:42.569
in
0:40:42.569,0:40:44.329
1997
0:40:44.329,0:40:48.369
Microsoft said hey wait a minute maybe this
internet thing isn't going to go away after
0:40:48.369,0:40:49.079
all
0:40:49.079,0:40:50.809
and we should get in on it
0:40:50.809,0:40:53.609
and so they put a very bad
0:40:53.609,0:40:55.799
SMTP gateway into exchange
0:40:55.799,0:40:59.260
they slapped the network onto their existing
0:40:59.260,0:41:01.049
worker tools which
0:41:01.049,0:41:04.070
were not designed for a hostile environment
at all
0:41:04.070,0:41:07.689
they did no consideration whatsoever of securing
0:41:07.689,0:41:12.349
and just dropped a huge number of people on
the internet
0:41:12.349,0:41:14.779
essentially naked and unprotected
0:41:14.779,0:41:16.010
and we're still
0:41:16.010,0:41:18.160
dealing with this to this day
0:41:18.160,0:41:19.780
the only thing that was
0:41:19.780,0:41:24.079
impressive about this was Microsoft
in a very short period of time was able to
0:41:24.079,0:41:26.209
completely redefine the company
0:41:26.209,0:41:28.410
as an internet company and
0:41:28.410,0:41:32.059
much faster than anyone had thought possible
0:41:32.059,0:41:33.799
Yahoo was founded in
0:41:33.799,0:41:36.409
October ninety seven
0:41:36.409,0:41:37.869
we all know about that
0:41:37.869,0:41:40.549
a Microsoft acquired hot mail
0:41:40.549,0:41:45.289
they were able to do it as fast as they wanted
the rumor
0:41:45.289,0:41:48.609
unconfirmed is that they paid 400
million dollars
0:41:48.609,0:41:55.609
for this company that was barely over a year
old and had something like ten employees
0:41:59.089,0:42:00.689
quite a coop
0:42:00.689,0:42:05.299
in March of 1998 I and a friend of mine
co-founded Sendmail Inc.
0:42:05.299,0:42:06.420
Sendmail
0:42:06.420,0:42:08.759
even with the help of the consortium
0:42:08.759,0:42:13.179
was still stuck with research problems and
so we said we can commercialize this
0:42:13.179,0:42:15.649
here's a very well read picture of the
0:42:15.649,0:42:17.160
initial
0:42:17.160,0:42:24.160
people in the company and two of us
are still there
0:42:24.630,0:42:30.329
now into the virus era March of 1999
Melissa there was an Outlook
0:42:30.329,0:42:31.809
macrovirus
0:42:31.809,0:42:34.740
was a hypersoft
was really kind of
0:42:34.740,0:42:38.929
a worm as much as it was a virus
0:42:38.929,0:42:44.699
in January 2000 the
government finally relaxed the encryption policy
0:42:44.699,0:42:45.630
finally admitted it
0:42:45.630,0:42:49.710
that everyone outside the US had encryption
anyway
0:42:49.710,0:42:53.439
and so we might as well be able to play in
the game
0:42:53.439,0:42:54.859
with the rest of the world
0:42:54.859,0:42:57.079
we immediately put
0:42:57.079,0:43:02.449
encryption TLS encryption into Sendmail
all in fact we've already had it implemented
0:43:02.449,0:43:04.239
but we couldn't release it
0:43:04.239,0:43:05.420
and so
0:43:05.420,0:43:07.419
this came out we
0:43:07.419,0:43:13.909
pushed out the version that already had
TLS
0:43:13.909,0:43:19.489
what we wanted to do was had the government
changed its mind we had to be too late
0:43:19.489,0:43:24.150
so we dot to that really fast but they didn't change their
minds but the they may have changed
0:43:24.150,0:43:27.329
not change their mind because they've realized
it was
0:43:27.329,0:43:31.069
two weeks later it's too late
0:43:31.069,0:43:33.920
in March of 2000 we
0:43:33.920,0:43:35.570
released an interface called Milter
0:43:35.570,0:43:36.919
this is
0:43:36.919,0:43:39.110
a way to do
0:43:39.110,0:43:42.429
plugins into Sendmail that allow you to do email filtering
0:43:42.429,0:43:45.279
was specifically designed for anti-spam
0:43:45.279,0:43:52.199
the MTA market changed a lot back then or
essentially not the market
0:43:52.199,0:43:55.819
the world had been about reliability and
0:43:55.819,0:43:56.450
getting
0:43:56.450,0:43:59.279
mail from A to B without losing it
0:43:59.279,0:44:04.399
and around here was when spam was getting
so bad people said no we need to do is not
0:44:04.399,0:44:05.209
forward
0:44:05.209,0:44:06.119
anything that
0:44:06.119,0:44:07.779
might be
0:44:07.779,0:44:10.319
problematic
0:44:10.319,0:44:11.469
and
0:44:11.469,0:44:12.339
April
0:44:12.339,0:44:18.019
2000 the I love you virus this is a
Visual Basic virus he had to
0:44:18.019,0:44:22.659
click on it but it's turns out that people
couldn't resist clicking on
0:44:22.659,0:44:27.209
a text that's called I love you
0:44:27.209,0:44:31.069
they were sad what can I say
0:44:31.069,0:44:33.260
2001 to the Present
0:44:33.260,0:44:35.699
well we've gone from that
0:44:35.699,0:44:38.229
hundred ten thousand roughly up to
0:44:38.229,0:44:40.299
about four hundred forty million
0:44:40.299,0:44:45.709
well as of the last survey I could find
0:44:45.709,0:44:49.239
0:44:49.239,0:44:55.019
well let's see let's start off with an unequivocal
the virus it was kind of one of the symbols
0:44:55.019,0:44:57.760
up Postfix which was a competitor to
0:44:57.760,0:45:00.359
Sendmail was released
0:45:00.359,0:45:03.819
Postfix was actually really good
0:45:03.819,0:45:09.249
alternative and Lisa and I when he was writing
Postfix we would exchange a lot of email
0:45:09.249,0:45:12.979
talking but I talked with him at one point
before it was released
0:45:12.979,0:45:17.829
and taken surely say much longer than
he expected
0:45:17.829,0:45:20.929
I said i asked him how the-mail was going and
he said
0:45:20.929,0:45:24.590
well its taken longer than I thought that's
that's harder than it looks isn't it
0:45:24.590,0:45:28.869
the it's been an exercise in humility
0:45:28.869,0:45:32.219
so you think that I hate him because he's
0:45:32.219,0:45:33.589
competitor of Sendmail but
0:45:33.589,0:45:36.349
no hes one of the good guys
0:45:36.349,0:45:41.899
the SPR project which was one of the first
attempt to do e-mail authentification
0:45:41.899,0:45:44.819
in one sense or another start up
0:45:44.819,0:45:45.560
in
0:45:45.560,0:45:48.159
2003
0:45:48.159,0:45:53.130
also you know oh three was the Sobig.F virus.
It was the largest
0:45:53.130,0:45:53.930
attack
0:45:53.930,0:45:58.279
on today using something called .div files
program information files
0:45:58.279,0:46:00.549
as attachment
0:46:00.549,0:46:04.509
it was significant because it contained
it's own SMTP engine
0:46:04.509,0:46:05.909
up until then
0:46:05.909,0:46:06.869
things have been
0:46:06.869,0:46:12.769
piggybacking on exchange so submitting
mail as though you were users submitting from
0:46:12.769,0:46:13.280
Outlook
0:46:13.280,0:46:14.399
this one
0:46:14.399,0:46:15.290
had
0:46:15.290,0:46:18.479
SMTP engine optimized for
0:46:18.479,0:46:20.239
sending out trash
0:46:20.239,0:46:27.239
It had adaptive context so it kept changing itself
so it was harder to find fingerprints and self-destructed
0:46:27.459,0:46:30.159
on a particular day. so something
0:46:30.159,0:46:32.509
automated to just kind of disappear
0:46:32.509,0:46:33.579
on one day
0:46:33.579,0:46:36.379
I don't think anybody knows why
0:46:36.379,0:46:40.910
all sort working on domain keys which is a another
0:46:40.910,0:46:45.920
technology for the authentication.I'll talk
about that SPF later
0:46:45.920,0:46:51.239
the MyDoom virus came out it was even
spread faster was even bigger than
0:46:51.239,0:46:52.329
sobig
0:46:52.329,0:46:53.539
0:46:53.539,0:46:57.479
it's big innovation was that it used network as
0:46:57.479,0:46:59.139
well as e-mail
0:46:59.139,0:47:03.979
and it was specifically designed to infect
machines to use them as spam engine so arguably
0:47:03.979,0:47:08.709
this was the beginning of Zombie farms
0:47:08.709,0:47:10.959
In February 2004
0:47:10.959,0:47:14.490
Microsoft announces sender id which was
0:47:14.490,0:47:17.249
really kind of SPF with
0:47:17.249,0:47:19.379
synthetic sure
0:47:19.379,0:47:24.239
and in December of four DKIM work began. DKIM was
0:47:24.239,0:47:26.330
an extension of the domain keys
0:47:26.330,0:47:30.130
there were some experience with domain keys
we realize that there were some things that
0:47:30.130,0:47:31.640
needed too
0:47:31.640,0:47:35.079
have improved and so far I was very much involved
in the DKIM work
0:47:35.079,0:47:37.059
so that's
0:47:37.059,0:47:41.219
unfortunately the five years I've been working
on this stuff now
0:47:41.219,0:47:43.059
and
0:47:43.059,0:47:44.270
2007
0:47:44.270,0:47:47.969
the actual DKIM based sign in spec was
0:47:47.969,0:47:50.900
released much to our relief
0:47:50.900,0:47:52.109
different tack
0:47:52.109,0:47:55.830
some of the early RCs for EAI were published
0:47:55.830,0:47:58.239
and
0:47:58.239,0:48:02.389
toward the end of last year EAI's email
address
0:48:02.389,0:48:04.939
e-mail address
0:48:04.939,0:48:06.319
internationalization
0:48:06.319,0:48:09.759
and the idea is you been able to send around
0:48:09.759,0:48:14.779
text in Japanese and so forth there
were hacks even have domain names in Japanese
0:48:14.779,0:48:17.160
but you couldn't have an e-mail
0:48:17.160,0:48:17.919
address
0:48:17.919,0:48:19.009
in Japanese
0:48:19.009,0:48:20.149
the EAI says
0:48:20.149,0:48:21.880
we want it to be
0:48:21.880,0:48:24.259
completely 100% international as
a whole
0:48:24.259,0:48:26.249
all through e-mail
0:48:26.249,0:48:28.380
a good thing
0:48:28.380,0:48:33.439
a lot of people don't realize
that the venerable RC twenty twenty
0:48:33.439,0:48:35.619
one and twenty two which
0:48:35.619,0:48:39.899
were the other internal specs for years were
actually just recently
0:48:39.899,0:48:40.409
updated
0:48:40.409,0:48:44.709
so the new numbers you have to memorize are
fifty three twenty one in fifty three twenty
0:48:44.709,0:48:47.640
two
0:48:47.640,0:48:48.319
this
0:48:48.319,0:48:51.310
I was the latest map that I could find so
this
0:48:51.310,0:48:54.300
pretty old back in 1999 Bill
Cheswick
0:48:54.300,0:48:55.589
produced this
0:48:55.589,0:48:57.999
this does not show the hosts
0:48:57.999,0:49:00.769
on the internet this shows the ISPs
0:49:00.769,0:49:03.489
on the internet
0:49:03.489,0:49:06.779
and I won't go into any more detail
0:49:06.779,0:49:09.079
and I don't recall what the
0:49:09.079,0:49:10.409
calling yes
0:49:10.409,0:49:11.719
so
0:49:11.719,0:49:13.339
let me get into this this year
0:49:13.339,0:49:14.590
0:49:14.590,0:49:18.529
probably messaging spam security and authentication
0:49:18.529,0:49:23.519
so lets talk about spamming a little.
I wasn't going to talk about spamming but
0:49:23.519,0:49:28.629
ever since I got here people in asking
me about it so there's still a lot of interest about it
0:49:28.629,0:49:29.979
obviously
0:49:29.979,0:49:33.599
the stand is arguably an economic issue the cost
0:49:33.599,0:49:34.899
to send
0:49:34.899,0:49:40.429
a message is far lower than the cost to receive
it
0:49:40.429,0:49:42.160
if this were true of
0:49:42.160,0:49:44.759
physical junk mail
0:49:44.759,0:49:49.100
then a dump mail truck would come up to my house every
day and just dump all the junk mail
0:49:49.100,0:49:51.269
off on my lawn
0:49:51.269,0:49:53.559
but it's not fortunately
0:49:53.559,0:49:57.150
notice that that possible misuse isn't necessarily
about
0:49:57.150,0:49:59.819
dollars or yen or anything like that
0:49:59.819,0:50:04.199
it's not currency it can be things like CPU time memory usage
0:50:04.199,0:50:06.519
human time etc
0:50:06.519,0:50:09.530
notice that every single thing we try to do
0:50:09.530,0:50:12.440
to protect ourselves from spam until this
point
0:50:12.440,0:50:16.049
has increased the cost to the receiver
0:50:16.049,0:50:20.239
so as we put in more and more antispam security what actually
0:50:20.239,0:50:21.479
move this function
0:50:21.479,0:50:24.479
to be more advantageous for the spammer
0:50:24.479,0:50:27.839
its a little strange
0:50:27.839,0:50:29.690
now there are a bunch of
0:50:29.690,0:50:30.570
possible approaches
0:50:30.570,0:50:32.989
there is of course
0:50:32.989,0:50:35.519
content filtering which is what
0:50:35.519,0:50:40.129
people normally do for example ninety days
and filters and so forth this is getting
0:50:40.129,0:50:44.299
pretty close to its limits and it doesn't
fix the crossfire
0:50:44.299,0:50:49.060
epostage which is what you really do
use some kind of money you can
0:50:49.060,0:50:52.449
attach it to each message
0:50:52.449,0:50:53.919
unfortunately needed any
0:50:53.919,0:50:58.559
pretty huge infrastructure to do all that
payment processing and
0:50:58.559,0:51:01.169
that's there's a lot of bickering on how to
do that
0:51:01.169,0:51:04.099
and acceptance problems. people don't
0:51:04.099,0:51:08.649
but it's always been afraid i refuse to pay anything
to send a message that
0:51:08.649,0:51:10.909
we're going to ask you to do
0:51:10.909,0:51:12.400
a tenth of a cent
0:51:12.400,0:51:18.709
hundredth of the cent promotes per message.
no no its too expensive. I can't afford it
0:51:18.709,0:51:23.479
that's a legitimate concerns about some elements
that sort of thing they're work around
0:51:23.479,0:51:24.999
challenge response is
0:51:24.999,0:51:26.350
popular
0:51:26.350,0:51:31.020
when you get mail from someone the never talked
to before you send them back challenge if they
0:51:31.020,0:51:35.739
would respond there's a human
being on the other hand what the bill through
0:51:35.739,0:51:37.039
unfortunately a lot of
0:51:37.039,0:51:37.650
people
0:51:37.650,0:51:41.319
get the challenges are spam and never replied
0:51:41.319,0:51:47.049
five thousand scale well it's particularly
bad for
0:51:47.049,0:51:50.350
automated systems that are trying to send out mail
like your bank
0:51:50.350,0:51:52.430
sending your bank statements
0:51:52.430,0:51:54.599
just don't respond well to that
0:51:54.599,0:51:56.239
challenge response
0:51:56.239,0:51:58.230
havshcash is
0:51:58.230,0:52:01.179
technique to do CPU
0:52:01.179,0:52:02.270
using time
0:52:02.270,0:52:04.469
CPU time memory
0:52:04.469,0:52:05.199
whatever
0:52:05.199,0:52:10.180
it's completely useless for Zombie farms because
they're not burning their own resources they're
0:52:10.180,0:52:10.680
burning
0:52:10.680,0:52:14.099
some victims resources so what's the point
0:52:14.099,0:52:18.829
gray listing is where you get a message from
somebody that you never seen before you
0:52:18.829,0:52:21.559
do a temporary failure on it
0:52:21.559,0:52:26.249
and wait for them to come back is there is
generally don't have a cue as a cue is
0:52:26.249,0:52:27.259
expensive
0:52:27.259,0:52:30.469
but it turns out they don't actually have
to have a cue because they don't change
0:52:30.469,0:52:33.079
the message very much that isn't it
0:52:33.079,0:52:36.989
he trying these things multiple times are
going back to keep track of what happened
0:52:36.989,0:52:41.549
before you just try multiple times if three
copies of their message gets through all the better
0:52:41.549,0:52:44.779
that
0:52:44.779,0:52:48.130
and on of course authentication that this
is the
0:52:48.130,0:52:51.379
if we know who actually sent the message
0:52:51.379,0:52:54.099
maybe we can hunt down and kill them
0:52:54.099,0:52:54.750
the
0:52:54.750,0:52:56.539
0:52:56.539,0:52:58.019
maybe not kill them
0:52:58.019,0:53:00.049
there's something a little less
0:53:00.049,0:53:05.600
that is insufficient by itself people go how
well what authenticated that's good right
0:53:05.600,0:53:09.499
well spammer can authenticate
as themselves
0:53:09.499,0:53:16.499
so you're saying it's authenticate it doesn't
mean it's still something you don't want to read
0:53:16.529,0:53:17.519
so
0:53:17.519,0:53:19.749
let me just talk about fish in the little
bit
0:53:19.749,0:53:22.750
fishing and spamming are not quite the same
thing although there's often
0:53:22.750,0:53:24.459
a lot of overlap
0:53:24.459,0:53:28.679
fishing is trying to track some money into
giving up some cards had a private information
0:53:28.679,0:53:33.939
too often to get a bank account information
or older than he needed to identity theft
0:53:33.939,0:53:37.599
it's not limited to do e-mail and it's not
0:53:37.599,0:53:42.220
the Nigerian or four nineteen spam was working
in physical mail
0:53:42.220,0:53:45.699
long before it hit the-mail I have personally
receive
0:53:45.699,0:53:47.859
those badly typed
0:53:47.859,0:53:48.849
letters
0:53:48.849,0:53:54.720
that were exactly of four elections than I
am and Nigerian dictator in these to get
0:53:54.720,0:54:01.099
a hundred million dollars out and you've been
identified as the trustworthy dot dot dot
0:54:01.099,0:54:05.430
pranksters have been preying on the elderly
as long as there have been elderly
0:54:05.430,0:54:09.029
so for none of this is new
0:54:09.029,0:54:10.170
that's true
0:54:10.170,0:54:14.859
basic forms of vision was one call your shop
and fishing which is really just
0:54:14.859,0:54:19.759
send out these things to enough people I hope
in some ways to promote the body
0:54:19.759,0:54:22.669
which works by the way unfortunately
0:54:22.669,0:54:27.589
are there still people think you can get something
for nothing
0:54:27.589,0:54:30.079
well what's being called spear fishing
0:54:30.079,0:54:31.890
he is actually pretty bad
0:54:31.890,0:54:37.259
this is where they actually spend a fair amount
of time researching an individual
0:54:37.259,0:54:39.889
they do a custom-made
0:54:39.889,0:54:40.939
message
0:54:40.939,0:54:47.120
I have received some of these things that
for example claim to be from the IRS saying that
0:54:47.120,0:54:48.369
so no I didn't
0:54:48.369,0:54:52.130
something earlier about this them
0:54:52.130,0:54:53.339
some of them
0:54:53.339,0:54:58.469
with some of our forms somewhere and it has
leader urgent that we contact some so immediately
0:54:58.469,0:54:59.230
or else
0:54:59.230,0:55:00.859
then the forced
0:55:00.859,0:55:01.979
we're actually were
0:55:01.979,0:55:04.479
forced to freeze all of our bank accounts
0:55:04.479,0:55:09.670
and so forth they know who I am and also with the company
0:55:09.670,0:55:12.959
not a thing that people will do it is %uh
0:55:12.959,0:55:14.649
people throw away
0:55:14.649,0:55:18.269
but bank saying some things that have the
last four digits of your account number on
0:55:18.269,0:55:18.759
it
0:55:18.759,0:55:22.189
which is perfectly safe because they don't
have a whole credit card number
0:55:22.189,0:55:23.900
well I'm wrong that right
0:55:23.900,0:55:26.060
all that out dumpster no I didn't
0:55:26.060,0:55:29.189
they send you a letter claiming to be from
your
0:55:29.189,0:55:30.980
%uh credit card prior
0:55:30.980,0:55:35.570
they have the last four digits of your account
number to give you exactly the same information
0:55:35.570,0:55:36.770
that you're legitimate
0:55:36.770,0:55:40.389
credit card company would
0:55:40.389,0:55:41.239
and
0:55:41.239,0:55:43.159
that's a lot easier to trick people
0:55:43.159,0:55:46.819
they can't stand significant money
0:55:46.819,0:55:49.329
talking to someone
0:55:49.329,0:55:51.849
so up
0:55:51.849,0:55:54.549
one other thing about the fishing know which
is
0:55:54.549,0:55:58.690
but the cracker what I just described attackers
lot of Harvard be
0:55:58.690,0:56:00.480
pretend to be someone you trust
0:56:00.480,0:56:05.160
an authentication can actually help with that
if it claims to be from one bank and would
0:56:05.160,0:56:06.799
not from my bank
0:56:06.799,0:56:11.089
and we're done
0:56:11.089,0:56:11.900
0:56:11.900,0:56:15.399
there's really two forms of authentication
0:56:15.399,0:56:16.859
and the standards
0:56:16.859,0:56:20.839
I'm not stand ready an FBI forms of half days
0:56:20.839,0:56:22.620
plus which is where where you look
0:56:22.620,0:56:25.539
our message across to you whose sending
0:56:25.539,0:56:29.579
they're sending the message to you and is
it possible that they would be sending a message
0:56:29.579,0:56:31.799
claiming to be from my bank
0:56:31.799,0:56:34.420
they were signature base which is where you
do
0:56:34.420,0:56:38.599
he's public encryption to do put digital signature
on the message
0:56:38.599,0:56:41.380
I mean there are these
0:56:41.380,0:56:46.129
authenticate users a lot of the key domains
because of the key management problems
0:56:46.129,0:56:49.950
and both of them can authenticate malicious
messages so this
0:56:49.950,0:56:52.549
not perfect
0:56:52.549,0:56:56.200
it did him in
0:56:56.200,0:56:57.970
potentially the cold war
0:56:57.970,0:56:59.869
consistently if we could get
0:56:59.869,0:57:01.319
Bob the entire network
0:57:01.319,0:57:03.449
to never mind your message
0:57:03.449,0:57:09.049
I wish probably can happen in hundred years
or so
0:57:09.049,0:57:13.589
I didn't get a talk show on this you know
who wants to be the first person sons message
0:57:13.589,0:57:14.389
well
0:57:14.389,0:57:16.969
we expected the recipients would want that
0:57:16.969,0:57:21.100
because they want to protect themselves but
it turns out has been descenders like the banks
0:57:21.100,0:57:24.069
they have really really been pushing us
0:57:24.069,0:57:27.529
plus some of the forward looking
0:57:27.529,0:57:28.670
places like Google
0:57:28.670,0:57:34.499
have been using DKIMand of the SP
up for some time
0:57:34.499,0:57:35.800
one important thing
0:57:35.800,0:57:37.359
for a transition period
0:57:37.359,0:57:39.169
you have to
0:57:39.169,0:57:41.859
allow unsigned mail to come in
0:57:41.859,0:57:43.790
because that's the way it's always been
0:57:43.790,0:57:46.520
and he can't just bring the world that we've
moved in
0:57:46.520,0:57:48.070
we will never have
0:57:48.070,0:57:52.769
another flag day on the internet like that
and just can't happen at this point
0:57:52.769,0:57:58.709
so what you'd like is for a the banks and
to be able to somehow tell you I signed all
0:57:58.709,0:58:00.939
my message is so if you
0:58:00.939,0:58:05.889
but if you get an unsigned message that claims
to be for me it's not for me
0:58:05.889,0:58:10.229
interior up argument signed in Paris is eight
the SP
0:58:10.229,0:58:12.890
and this is very controversial and still
0:58:12.890,0:58:16.199
stuck in the working group
0:58:16.199,0:58:19.880
I want to emphasize that
0:58:19.880,0:58:21.799
evacuations is not
0:58:21.799,0:58:24.639
because members can authenticate
0:58:24.639,0:58:30.609
and we can't leave it to humans either because
of things like cousin domains
0:58:30.609,0:58:34.989
but he had a Ebay billing was a famous one
that was not associate with
0:58:34.989,0:58:36.699
the bay in any way
0:58:36.699,0:58:39.689
and was trying to frighten people
0:58:39.689,0:58:42.299
so let me talk a little bit about the camera
0:58:42.299,0:58:45.149
which is what I've been working on mostly
0:58:45.149,0:58:47.959
I just wanted to specifications
0:58:47.959,0:58:48.980
one is the
0:58:48.980,0:58:54.929
the signature at the base standards which tells
how to sign and verified message
0:58:54.929,0:58:56.840
I've heard a lot of work and the other one
0:58:56.840,0:59:02.090
no one is the sign in practices which is how
to interpret on science messages on that one
0:59:02.090,0:59:04.989
has gotten laid down in the works
0:59:04.989,0:59:06.529
and at this point on
0:59:06.529,0:59:08.939
I walked away from it because
0:59:08.939,0:59:10.129
that's amazing
0:59:10.129,0:59:13.049
how many hours people can spend arguing about
0:59:13.049,0:59:14.719
the meaning of
0:59:14.719,0:59:19.359
relatively simple words
0:59:19.359,0:59:21.439
the way you can get away with it
0:59:21.439,0:59:28.299
is to use other DMS to destroy your
public he's since policies can indeed be public
0:59:28.299,0:59:31.599
you are rich off of this exist in the world
war
0:59:31.599,0:59:34.479
distributed database to get the keys out
0:59:34.479,0:59:37.490
this is a little unusual because normally
0:59:37.490,0:59:40.349
you don't have something that is so simple
to this
0:59:40.349,0:59:45.430
we do not by the way he serves we don't have
a assigning tree or anything like that it's
0:59:45.430,0:59:47.469
just to keep pair
0:59:47.469,0:59:49.119
because if you're asking
0:59:49.119,0:59:53.269
the purported Sendmail to give you the republican
or
0:59:53.269,0:59:54.639
reported sender
0:59:54.639,0:59:56.199
to give them
0:59:56.199,1:00:00.109
their home and he give you their publication
1:00:00.109,1:00:01.309
I mean
1:00:01.309,1:00:03.299
presumably contrast that
1:00:03.299,1:00:04.369
presumably
1:00:04.369,1:00:05.809
now there are people who
1:00:05.809,1:00:07.709
would like to put search
1:00:07.709,1:00:11.749
and investigators social security that probably
will go through some point
1:00:11.749,1:00:14.339
but it probably won't be necessary
1:00:14.339,1:00:17.729
with the the
1:00:17.729,1:00:18.729
I'm
1:00:18.729,1:00:23.079
possibility of theft of keys is one of the
nice ones is
1:00:23.079,1:00:25.799
if you get mail
1:00:25.799,1:00:30.900
they signed from a domain you don't know about
how do you know that that's a good omen were
1:00:30.900,1:00:33.940
not while reputation which I've got to
1:00:33.940,1:00:37.079
is the major approach but if you had
1:00:37.079,1:00:42.549
it's signed by someone that has served so
the key itself was signed by someone else
1:00:42.549,1:00:45.799
you could ask is that
1:00:45.799,1:00:49.890
and that gives you some of the reputation
is called of
1:00:49.890,1:00:52.640
%uh accreditation
1:00:52.640,1:00:56.269
and it sort of gives you the poor man's her
accreditation
1:00:56.269,1:00:59.619
%uh they're also of course the places that
wants to
1:00:59.619,1:01:04.219
I was moved towards first because they can't
make a living so on
1:01:04.219,1:01:07.979
as they think this is a fine idea is building
1:01:07.979,1:01:11.319
what was the
1:01:11.319,1:01:16.079
it really did do it obviously would
1:01:16.079,1:01:19.109
that's that's
1:01:19.109,1:01:21.219
what's the response
1:01:21.219,1:01:23.069
there is nobody there
1:01:23.069,1:01:24.739
yes
1:01:24.739,1:01:27.230
the you have built into your browser
1:01:27.230,1:01:30.910
Obama assures jurors that are prosperous should
say
1:01:30.910,1:01:33.779
Sonya forties that are trusted
1:01:33.779,1:01:39.469
it because you believe that they're not going
to start really signing one ski
1:01:39.469,1:01:40.640
exactly the same thing
1:01:40.640,1:01:43.479
think for a minute
1:01:43.479,1:01:46.130
the quality the city
1:01:46.130,1:01:49.159
yeah
1:01:49.159,1:01:50.469
the
1:01:50.469,1:01:56.160
you can first of all a matter of places that
would actually
1:01:56.160,1:02:00.349
make sure that you are legitimate but you
at least have a mailing address that really
1:02:00.349,1:02:01.529
works
1:02:01.529,1:02:06.219
that the people who claimed on the company
actually exists
1:02:06.219,1:02:09.799
simple things like that and somebody could
make a fair amount of money
1:02:09.799,1:02:13.069
the in certifying agency that
1:02:13.069,1:02:14.429
this is your views
1:02:14.429,1:02:19.169
to sign anything where they had check you
out for
1:02:19.169,1:02:22.599
they and there are places that do that for
the world as well but you're right some of
1:02:22.599,1:02:23.449
them are
1:02:23.449,1:02:27.459
in a tent lots of course inside turkey
1:02:27.459,1:02:30.619
sometimes it's not that expensive
1:02:30.619,1:02:33.099
%um
1:02:33.099,1:02:37.799
an hour to talk about signing practices unfortunately
it's got water down to the point where our
1:02:37.799,1:02:44.039
in my opinion it's not terribly useful in
or
1:02:44.039,1:02:49.049
so we're at the station is the usual way you
deal with that
1:02:49.049,1:02:50.130
the message too
1:02:50.130,1:02:54.059
I threw it out of the message comes from the
bagel in Dakar
1:02:54.059,1:02:59.069
okay because I've gotten their public he is
verify is so important step in mathematics
1:02:59.069,1:03:00.370
and cruel
1:03:00.370,1:03:01.709
provable
1:03:01.709,1:03:08.359
Joe I want to talk to he made a one dot com
don't believe them go on record on that one
1:03:08.359,1:03:13.869
and the usual approach his reputation what
we know about you being the one dot com
1:03:13.869,1:03:15.029
that reputation
1:03:15.029,1:03:17.179
it's been around for a long time
1:03:17.179,1:03:19.689
in the form of Diana's black homeless
1:03:19.689,1:03:26.249
as only negative reputation can say but it
remains good of the comoros a that
1:03:26.249,1:03:28.049
and of course
1:03:28.049,1:03:32.639
bad guys are switching around like he addresses
all time so
1:03:32.639,1:03:35.429
those lists are always tell
1:03:35.429,1:03:37.959
so in fact
1:03:37.959,1:03:38.599
helpful
1:03:38.599,1:03:42.480
but it's not actually all that great the main
event he gives you his
1:03:42.480,1:03:45.109
they a black hole
1:03:45.109,1:03:47.170
huge address bases that are
1:03:47.170,1:03:48.729
%um
1:03:48.729,1:03:51.519
for example dialogue but he
1:03:51.519,1:03:52.459
don't love
1:03:52.459,1:03:56.430
like the address this thing know nobody should
ever be sending
1:03:56.430,1:04:00.280
mail from those demands that don't go through
their providers mail services and that action
1:04:00.280,1:04:02.599
does help a lot
1:04:02.599,1:04:06.380
positive reputation on the other hand is really
hard to do
1:04:06.380,1:04:11.149
our because it breaks the world as we know
it
1:04:11.149,1:04:16.049
so right now there has been some sense a presumption
of innocence
1:04:16.049,1:04:20.239
when you receive email from so that you've
never seen it before well it might be would
1:04:20.239,1:04:21.829
you let me go
1:04:21.829,1:04:22.889
Spanish actor
1:04:22.889,1:04:26.159
so for but it might be legitimate
1:04:26.159,1:04:30.729
if you go to a world where you looked out
and say well if they have no
1:04:30.729,1:04:32.579
known reputation
1:04:32.579,1:04:36.549
there is probably bad think it's probably
a stammer as the jury
1:04:36.549,1:04:37.849
you know thousand
1:04:37.849,1:04:40.359
I can remember what the
1:04:40.359,1:04:42.409
number is ours
1:04:42.409,1:04:44.569
thousands of new domain stumble
1:04:44.569,1:04:46.199
online every day
1:04:46.199,1:04:49.749
first anniversary exists only for a day or
so and then they go away
1:04:49.749,1:04:53.369
to send a lot of the middle of the day
1:04:53.369,1:04:54.289
so
1:04:54.289,1:04:58.099
how does does a small player join the club
1:04:58.099,1:05:04.229
without having a positive reputation to begin
with the legitimate small player
1:05:04.229,1:05:05.829
this is
1:05:05.829,1:05:08.989
still a months old pro
1:05:08.989,1:05:11.849
we may end up going to a closed society
1:05:11.849,1:05:14.920
if you don't have somebody to introduce to
you
1:05:14.920,1:05:15.529
then
1:05:15.529,1:05:17.599
you can't get your mail for
1:05:17.599,1:05:22.619
%uh this is actually been true in human society
for a long long time so it's not the end of
1:05:22.619,1:05:26.279
the world but it does have some
1:05:26.279,1:05:28.199
unfortunate
1:05:28.199,1:05:31.480
implications and there's going to have to
be exceptions sales tax
1:05:31.480,1:05:38.480
anything that Tom Foley is going to want to
reject mail from people that heard of before
1:05:38.749,1:05:42.300
about I will point out challenge responses
of a chance to
1:05:42.300,1:05:45.019
this is to create a closed society
1:05:45.019,1:05:46.679
we have
1:05:46.679,1:05:48.519
attacks in their house
1:05:48.519,1:05:52.359
if you will a proven true test to try and
see if there's a human being on the other
1:05:52.359,1:05:54.199
end of the line
1:05:54.199,1:05:57.229
as a lot of places that would love to do it
credit nation
1:05:57.229,1:05:58.889
which is where they'll say
1:05:58.889,1:06:01.039
how about for you
1:06:01.039,1:06:02.949
for a fee
1:06:02.949,1:06:04.850
even having the base of money
1:06:04.850,1:06:08.339
does have value because they have to give
it credit card number
1:06:08.339,1:06:11.270
and it has to go through the crack of service
in your
1:06:11.270,1:06:12.339
essentially
1:06:12.339,1:06:13.880
one emerging off the
1:06:13.880,1:06:16.309
credit cards
1:06:16.309,1:06:18.609
companies work on reputation
1:06:18.609,1:06:19.869
well I don't know
1:06:19.869,1:06:21.399
the possibility
1:06:21.399,1:06:23.439
the likelihood of
1:06:23.439,1:06:29.269
stolen credit cards
1:06:29.269,1:06:32.189
what a lot of people say it as well you know
we
1:06:32.189,1:06:33.989
why don't we just
1:06:33.989,1:06:37.919
here's another media messages
1:06:37.919,1:06:43.209
yes well as a messenger who doesn't have spent
all that's why I did it get
1:06:43.209,1:06:48.619
message is pretty much every day from so and
so sexy teenage foxy girls
1:06:48.619,1:06:51.369
morning to get it wrong with me
1:06:51.369,1:06:53.409
Collins then as it's called
1:06:53.409,1:06:56.640
on is has been a problem for a while it is
doing that
1:06:56.640,1:06:58.939
yeah
1:06:58.939,1:07:00.280
authentication helps
1:07:00.280,1:07:04.279
but it's just too easy to get
1:07:04.279,1:07:08.169
all social networking storage tank was the
problem will just use
1:07:08.169,1:07:09.499
social networking
1:07:09.499,1:07:11.619
and use that for all or up
1:07:11.619,1:07:15.299
e-mail and in so you've got to be a friend
of mine
1:07:15.299,1:07:19.829
well it turns out has recently there's been
a lot of publicity
1:07:19.829,1:07:22.209
of worms in virus is that going to
1:07:22.209,1:07:24.939
%uh my face and Facebook and
1:07:24.939,1:07:28.609
what not an issue
1:07:28.609,1:07:31.649
you are you will accidentally
1:07:31.649,1:07:33.929
sanders down to your friends
1:07:33.929,1:07:36.599
it would generally come from you
1:07:36.599,1:07:37.529
and so they
1:07:37.529,1:07:41.479
are more likely to trust you so what is actually
almost
1:07:41.479,1:07:43.099
works
1:07:43.099,1:07:43.790
them
1:07:43.790,1:07:46.219
the male staffer
1:07:46.219,1:07:48.519
and it's this
1:07:48.519,1:07:51.109
on internet telephony spam spam over internet
1:07:51.109,1:07:52.339
it taught me
1:07:52.339,1:07:55.469
on his was just placed a growth industry
1:07:55.469,1:07:57.919
I wish is going to get
1:07:57.919,1:07:59.139
unbelievably bad
1:07:59.139,1:08:00.449
sometime soon
1:08:00.449,1:08:05.529
so some speculations on the future here that
these are speculations my opinion
1:08:05.529,1:08:09.819
I can't justify the runway
1:08:09.819,1:08:11.149
miss first term
1:08:11.149,1:08:12.839
I think we will get
1:08:12.839,1:08:14.739
some authenticated mail out there
1:08:14.739,1:08:18.789
%uh there will be some center reputation and
we'll roll
1:08:18.789,1:08:22.079
with time it will grow as quickly as i'd like
1:08:22.079,1:08:23.509
they've done it will
1:08:23.509,1:08:25.439
happen and it will start to grow
1:08:25.439,1:08:27.859
and it will be useful in only
1:08:27.859,1:08:31.710
because when you can get of not people
1:08:31.710,1:08:34.119
authenticated and they have good reputation
1:08:34.119,1:08:39.489
the probability that the other male is then
goes us the and actually
1:08:39.489,1:08:41.960
Tarnoff use them filters sensitivity
1:08:41.960,1:08:44.079
so if you will it will be a
1:08:44.079,1:08:46.759
well why didn't he was around
1:08:46.759,1:08:50.770
existence of them soldiers not something that
is this by itself
1:08:50.770,1:08:55.000
all we will see movement toward e-mail address
internationalization once again is going to
1:08:55.000,1:08:56.529
be relatively slow
1:08:56.529,1:09:01.689
the reason for that is because there's a part
of our problem not which is downgrading
1:09:01.689,1:09:02.880
a message for men
1:09:02.880,1:09:04.659
in our national life
1:09:04.659,1:09:05.900
Mel which by the way
1:09:05.900,1:09:08.849
what they're looking at it saying we're going
to use you Sheila Tate
1:09:08.849,1:09:12.000
for everything we're talking to declare the
characters that we just
1:09:12.000,1:09:13.730
he issued yesterday
1:09:13.730,1:09:16.619
with low vision done years ago
1:09:16.619,1:09:17.819
Bob that
1:09:17.819,1:09:22.809
taking AZT a great message and downgrading
them soon ask the message it is
1:09:22.809,1:09:24.420
almost impossible
1:09:24.420,1:09:25.690
and I did
1:09:25.690,1:09:27.099
and that's important
1:09:27.099,1:09:32.889
the daylights tensions in to send them all
and release them yet
1:09:32.889,1:09:37.249
try to do the downgrading and finally came
to the conclusion that there's certain things
1:09:37.249,1:09:39.139
we just have to guess
1:09:39.139,1:09:41.989
and you might not guess right all the time
1:09:41.989,1:09:43.830
so my inclination to say
1:09:43.830,1:09:47.589
I will not allow downgrading
1:09:47.589,1:09:52.139
the FAA on the message will bounce back me
up set down great message to begin with that
1:09:52.139,1:09:56.360
will slow adoption
1:09:56.360,1:10:00.719
the people young people in particular are
moving off of us and to keep this now we're
1:10:00.719,1:10:05.199
going into things like playing on people's
walls and Facebook
1:10:05.199,1:10:07.250
polymarker warnings investigating
1:10:07.250,1:10:12.659
so forth that is going to continue
1:10:12.659,1:10:15.679
take pot
1:10:15.679,1:10:17.340
a lot of people say
1:10:17.340,1:10:19.250
partially because people them
1:10:19.250,1:10:22.510
moving on to these things that are said to
be is that
1:10:22.510,1:10:24.340
but I think that indeed he is dead
1:10:24.340,1:10:26.010
what would that send to AP
1:10:26.010,1:10:28.280
as and he's not going away
1:10:28.280,1:10:30.860
a lot of reasons
1:10:30.860,1:10:34.860
are some things that could be dealt with this
one of the big proposals is to switch from
1:10:34.860,1:10:37.059
a portion or all of the-mail where
1:10:37.059,1:10:38.380
the center
1:10:38.380,1:10:39.830
connects to the recipient
1:10:39.830,1:10:41.420
this year's the male take it
1:10:41.420,1:10:43.159
to uphold
1:10:43.159,1:10:47.649
model where the recipient just sends a short
message to have male for you here and then
1:10:47.649,1:10:48.789
the
1:10:48.789,1:10:49.880
recipient
1:10:49.880,1:10:51.159
polls back for it
1:10:51.159,1:10:53.219
when it's convenient for them to do so
1:10:53.219,1:10:55.909
that does show that the cost function
1:10:55.909,1:10:57.699
so the %uh
1:10:57.699,1:11:00.020
the center actually has to
1:11:00.020,1:11:01.210
have some of
1:11:01.210,1:11:04.900
infrastructure there they have to be prepared
to use the word was mail
1:11:04.900,1:11:09.110
that's not true
1:11:09.110,1:11:12.399
he's still going to be in the essence the
structure I think
1:11:12.399,1:11:16.869
the essentially is a sensible and can do almost
anything with the exceptions it's going to
1:11:16.869,1:11:17.890
be good enough
1:11:17.890,1:11:19.780
for a long time
1:11:19.780,1:11:20.789
I think
1:11:20.789,1:11:26.360
in the medium term we will succeed in getting
the GSA absolutely everywhere
1:11:26.360,1:11:30.689
that's about the only people who have to ask
the e-mail will be
1:11:30.689,1:11:34.979
the people who listen to peace are rich and
other pressures and they can't go out and
1:11:34.979,1:11:36.620
upgrade the
1:11:36.620,1:11:40.760
of so I I'm pretty optimistic on that
1:11:40.760,1:11:41.920
and
1:11:41.920,1:11:44.900
most e-mail is going to end up being opposed
to the providers
1:11:44.900,1:11:48.039
it's gotten so much harder to run in this
juror
1:11:48.039,1:11:51.440
now than it was twenty years ago or ten years
ago were you
1:11:51.440,1:11:53.760
five years ago for a lot of reasons
1:11:53.760,1:11:56.419
the gallery reasons for example
1:11:56.419,1:12:01.670
there's a lot of new laws that apply to the
mail and retention and so forth
1:12:01.670,1:12:06.440
you really don't want to push that off onto
somebody else who can worry about it so
1:12:06.440,1:12:09.790
lots of companies for example who used to
run the Romanov's jurors
1:12:09.790,1:12:12.089
are moving to Jeanette
1:12:12.089,1:12:13.230
and I think you'll see
1:12:13.230,1:12:15.239
more of that I think you'll see a lot
1:12:15.239,1:12:16.169
more of that
1:12:16.169,1:12:17.989
I don't think we'll get to the
1:12:17.989,1:12:21.489
place where there are three companies in the
entire world that
1:12:21.489,1:12:23.400
have-mailboxes
1:12:23.400,1:12:26.920
although there would actually be certain advantages
to that
1:12:26.920,1:12:29.270
they won't get any more like that but
1:12:29.270,1:12:32.459
of small companies
1:12:32.459,1:12:37.729
don't want to deal with that
1:12:37.729,1:12:39.639
so some larger thoughts
1:12:39.639,1:12:45.449
%uh casual messaging well and he continued
to move away from essence few days now
1:12:45.449,1:12:48.440
you see more and more start going through
this book
1:12:48.440,1:12:50.300
%um %um
1:12:50.300,1:12:52.969
more and more self-government arrangements
again
1:12:52.969,1:12:55.129
people forty eight
1:12:55.129,1:12:57.189
instant gratification
1:12:57.189,1:13:00.440
and I am give somebody a man told us
1:13:00.440,1:13:03.869
he also sits there with mobile usage and
1:13:03.869,1:13:07.770
is there anyone in this room who is not secure
and one of these
1:13:07.770,1:13:12.189
anyone who wants to admit that their letter
I didn't think so
1:13:12.189,1:13:15.360
I e-mail is not going to die
1:13:15.360,1:13:16.329
on this
1:13:16.329,1:13:18.610
been predicted that that's just not true
1:13:18.610,1:13:20.420
it's to us into business
1:13:20.420,1:13:24.980
it's to a lawsuit in places where you can
really yes and water message
1:13:24.980,1:13:27.760
you have to think about what you're saying
1:13:27.760,1:13:29.149
for the standard
1:13:29.149,1:13:31.949
%uh it's the if you got
1:13:31.949,1:13:34.709
security and regulatory issues up
1:13:34.709,1:13:37.949
there are real problems with instant message
in
1:13:37.949,1:13:43.110
one of the things is it totally artificial
is that tax to have some us
1:13:43.110,1:13:47.349
I saw a lot of money in a light two cents
attacks
1:13:47.349,1:13:49.360
constant so companies as euro
1:13:49.360,1:13:54.329
to do that effectively zero when they put
this cost on it and they're making
1:13:54.329,1:13:55.230
fortune
1:13:55.230,1:13:56.400
off of that
1:13:56.400,1:14:00.320
and that will be enough people say I don't
want to pay a tenth of a cent for e-mail but
1:14:00.320,1:14:01.549
there will end soon
1:14:01.549,1:14:04.000
the two sides for anathema us
1:14:04.000,1:14:05.820
this is crazy
1:14:05.820,1:14:07.489
I'm hoping that won't go away
1:14:07.489,1:14:11.260
the other thing is that as you get into the
business world were more you're dealing with
1:14:11.260,1:14:12.909
people across time zones
1:14:12.909,1:14:14.510
%uh when you're a hacker
1:14:14.510,1:14:16.810
and you're up around the clock ticking away
1:14:16.810,1:14:21.410
that's not such a big deal but when we start
to get into the more conventional world actually
1:14:21.410,1:14:22.489
kind of the monarchy
1:14:22.489,1:14:24.190
and you get married you have kids
1:14:24.190,1:14:25.239
he started
1:14:25.239,1:14:28.679
go on to a more conventional schedule
1:14:28.679,1:14:30.079
that distinction
1:14:30.079,1:14:31.370
that's what you know
1:14:31.370,1:14:32.760
he's investigating
1:14:32.760,1:14:38.780
and even voice he's going to be were it's
already boring as it were and more than that
1:14:38.780,1:14:41.270
I actually were talking about that
1:14:41.270,1:14:44.019
of little bit in the last one
1:14:44.019,1:14:48.900
and I think there's a lot of very interesting
work to be done again the computer human interface
1:14:48.900,1:14:49.949
of the-mail
1:14:49.949,1:14:51.589
right now the-mail
1:14:51.589,1:14:54.479
but e-mails started off as a in box here
1:14:54.479,1:14:56.489
Carol Millhouse you go through them
1:14:56.489,1:15:00.639
it's gotten to the point where it's sort of
like it down secretary him to sort out the
1:15:00.639,1:15:01.550
junk mail
1:15:01.550,1:15:02.959
and give you the rest of it
1:15:02.959,1:15:06.670
e-mails should be news of New York should
say he messaging
1:15:06.670,1:15:08.380
is there any light eight
1:15:08.380,1:15:10.409
really the executive and then
1:15:10.409,1:15:13.810
who knows what it is you're doing can deal
with
1:15:13.810,1:15:18.030
and that is so rotten that stuff that you
actually cancer this stuff
1:15:18.030,1:15:18.849
where is not
1:15:18.849,1:15:20.400
a difficult time
1:15:20.400,1:15:24.840
who can sort of the things into an order and
say this is the most important thing for you
1:15:24.840,1:15:27.300
to deal with right now
1:15:27.300,1:15:30.880
your mind you know when someone for meeting
is coming up
1:15:30.880,1:15:31.980
who will
1:15:31.980,1:15:33.020
you know when
1:15:33.020,1:15:37.319
you call a meeting and people have responded
will go off and and
1:15:37.319,1:15:38.340
do you know about it
1:15:38.340,1:15:40.260
etc, etc.
1:15:40.260,1:15:45.389
there's a huge amount of work that can happen
here
1:15:45.389,1:15:49.479
what scares me is unified message in almost
a month or
1:15:49.479,1:15:52.969
too many messaging services in applications
out there
1:15:52.969,1:15:55.919
well I think there's too much
1:15:55.919,1:15:58.330
overlap and there's not enough compatibility
1:15:58.330,1:16:00.989
I want to show you a little chart that I made
up
1:16:00.989,1:16:02.560
just lost couple days
1:16:02.560,1:16:09.560
all of the services in applications on the
stars are ones by personal use
1:16:10.520,1:16:15.219
just run through this week or two
1:16:15.219,1:16:17.110
we start with Haiti and it
1:16:17.110,1:16:20.599
originally started out as an ally and application
1:16:20.599,1:16:26.719
it does I am really does that somehow some
lawyers Roosevelt for Israel
1:16:26.719,1:16:32.040
bosses from the board life where I think also
for him or whatever it does have its own address
1:16:32.040,1:16:33.800
book
1:16:33.800,1:16:35.409
the hum
1:16:35.409,1:16:36.729
right
1:16:36.729,1:16:40.110
on or is it was designed originally as a up
1:16:40.110,1:16:41.739
of course acquisitions
1:16:41.739,1:16:43.630
but it's not a all right and wrong headed
1:16:43.630,1:16:45.509
it's kind of a deal now
1:16:45.509,1:16:50.729
it will called for him
1:16:50.729,1:16:52.169
%um
1:16:52.169,1:16:54.489
for additional money
1:16:54.489,1:16:56.460
you can't do that by definition is that
1:16:56.460,1:16:59.199
for additional monies was time for a little
1:16:59.199,1:17:00.540
in the case
1:17:00.540,1:17:02.339
money changes hands
1:17:02.339,1:17:07.219
you know that's a nice for income in or outgoing
calls so I am
1:17:07.219,1:17:09.460
outgoing start flying but no in coming
1:17:09.460,1:17:11.840
strike one
1:17:11.840,1:17:17.899
well lawyers which was up from Seoul a couple
of days ago was called grand central
1:17:17.899,1:17:21.169
%uh Harris
1:17:21.169,1:17:22.420
mister President
1:17:22.420,1:17:27.710
for its part is not but the no three there
is that there are other this who was talk
1:17:27.710,1:17:29.070
as well
1:17:29.070,1:17:33.210
and so in some sense is closely related so
that's kind of the US
1:17:33.210,1:17:35.570
because unless the masses those two boys
1:17:35.570,1:17:39.340
it doesn't invade year old yes
1:17:39.340,1:17:40.409
Bobbie
1:17:40.409,1:17:44.269
that's a incoming calls
1:17:44.269,1:17:46.680
in fact that's the whole point
1:17:46.680,1:17:48.999
who was
1:17:48.999,1:17:50.870
you can do and how going
1:17:50.870,1:17:57.239
calls in the US yet to take action if you
want to do international outgoing calls
1:17:57.239,1:18:02.139
%um
1:18:02.139,1:18:04.469
he did not have a call for him
1:18:04.469,1:18:09.530
no that's what it was designed to do and recently
he can actually called for not just to of
1:18:09.530,1:18:13.089
regular phone number on what's called a PSA
and
1:18:13.089,1:18:15.709
up
1:18:15.709,1:18:18.769
public's something telephone network
1:18:18.769,1:18:20.020
%um
1:18:20.020,1:18:22.329
sorry I should know that
1:18:22.329,1:18:24.020
so that's what you have
1:18:24.020,1:18:27.879
that kind of remark you're no longer couldn't
find it
1:18:27.879,1:18:32.469
it can also go to Portland numbers in Texas
I don't want to count and there's no way to
1:18:32.469,1:18:34.709
call him from a regular telephone
1:18:34.709,1:18:38.040
but in fact when some told him for it to you
so
1:18:38.040,1:18:39.119
%uh which is
1:18:39.119,1:18:40.639
what I'm using
1:18:40.639,1:18:42.929
well let me get to
1:18:42.929,1:18:47.960
brought Boris is a service of had for a while
it's just the four okay
1:18:47.960,1:18:48.989
sir I was
1:18:48.989,1:18:50.090
I did
1:18:50.090,1:18:51.889
only those boys
1:18:51.889,1:18:56.260
okay does have an incoming calls
1:18:56.260,1:19:00.619
and of course you always get more on that
and also I said that number of local number
1:19:00.619,1:19:04.369
in the UK which were inspired Tony Birtley
1:19:04.369,1:19:07.419
on for a very serious sewers some for anything
1:19:07.419,1:19:11.099
you can see there
1:19:11.099,1:19:12.520
and it does
1:19:12.520,1:19:15.090
coming up phone calls
1:19:15.090,1:19:19.900
yes well I just heard plan was recently if
they saw
1:19:19.900,1:19:23.190
I'm I have it on this mission here
1:19:23.190,1:19:25.769
it's got I am still has some thoughts
1:19:25.769,1:19:27.239
it's not for us
1:19:27.239,1:19:30.000
but it does have video
1:19:30.000,1:19:33.429
for additional not even to incoming and outgoing
calls
1:19:33.429,1:19:36.480
but those are three
1:19:36.480,1:19:39.969
except for incoming board calls
1:19:39.969,1:19:43.789
so that's kind of another thing he can do
Cole Porter N
1:19:43.789,1:19:45.599
it does have a voice-mail
1:19:45.599,1:19:49.479
the and why everything here is that it's all
a matter of book
1:19:49.479,1:19:54.020
which by the way are in general not integrated
with one another so you have to have
1:19:54.020,1:19:56.590
one address
1:19:56.590,1:19:58.849
contacted you want to have happen
1:19:58.849,1:20:01.849
five or six for a and return address book
1:20:01.849,1:20:06.360
and of course I shall I use primarily because
then you scream saying
1:20:06.360,1:20:08.280
to know about my mom
1:20:08.280,1:20:12.000
when she has a problem and I don't want to
drive up your house
1:20:12.000,1:20:16.300
%uh on by will go into all of these details
is the know
1:20:16.300,1:20:19.810
there's almost no immigration on adverse book
which is a disaster
1:20:19.810,1:20:22.869
these things overlap in major ways
1:20:22.869,1:20:23.909
I've got it
1:20:23.909,1:20:27.479
a Google voice number now that came forward
1:20:27.479,1:20:31.599
sue my laptop live on the road but it also
brings it home
1:20:31.599,1:20:35.299
but I don't have a way to get that UK
number
1:20:35.299,1:20:38.269
to follow me around even though I'd like to
1:20:38.269,1:20:41.500
it's like a person getting immigration going
1:20:41.500,1:20:42.719
properly out
1:20:42.719,1:20:44.720
and what you have today is
1:20:44.720,1:20:46.700
in the mind message in
1:20:46.700,1:20:48.229
you have any clothes
1:20:48.229,1:20:49.669
of this
1:20:49.669,1:20:52.889
where they were were around in the day
1:20:52.889,1:20:53.879
don't know
1:20:53.879,1:20:55.250
that's where you know
1:20:55.250,1:20:58.319
Peres would look like that was an original
e-mail
1:20:58.319,1:21:00.650
are a real legitimate email address
1:21:00.650,1:21:02.399
yeah
1:21:02.399,1:21:07.110
I didn't forget percent couldn't figure out how to
put that in there
1:21:07.110,1:21:08.860
that
1:21:08.860,1:21:10.880
it could be from Texas
1:21:10.880,1:21:14.279
1:21:14.279,1:21:17.330
I I'm going to talk him into it
1:21:17.330,1:21:21.670
some groups who is advertising here if you're
interested in the e-mail message in
1:21:21.670,1:21:26.000
the conference on the melody spam is coming
up in July and mountain view
1:21:26.000,1:21:29.480
take a look at the web site
1:21:29.480,1:21:36.480
thank you very much and are there any questions
1:21:37.139,1:21:38.820
I answered everything
1:21:38.820,1:21:40.329
a lot of so-called
1:21:40.329,1:21:46.760
you're so long
1:21:46.760,1:21:48.090
okay what is without doubt
1:21:48.090,1:21:51.320
a little early for policy then I will be around
1:21:51.320,1:21:52.599
on the rest of the day
1:21:52.599,1:21:54.960
a few
1:21:54.960,1:22:01.960
what they're asking thing also
1:22:05.650,1:22:06.760
the IRS
1:22:06.760,1:22:11.679
I was not something I was doing I started
off with the initial design
1:22:11.679,1:22:12.979
of parents
1:22:12.979,1:22:15.010
how close are slim
1:22:15.010,1:22:16.280
was working on it
1:22:16.280,1:22:18.280
we concluded
1:22:18.280,1:22:19.840
at the company
1:22:19.840,1:22:24.079
that sent a text was not going to be
1:22:24.079,1:22:28.349
significantly better than Postfix and it
certainly wasn't going to be ready anytime
1:22:28.349,1:22:29.789
since close as eight
1:22:29.789,1:22:31.520
great voter
1:22:31.520,1:22:33.059
but hes very
1:22:33.059,1:22:35.020
careful
1:22:35.020,1:22:36.219
that means he's not
1:22:36.219,1:22:38.199
really all that clear
1:22:38.199,1:22:41.090
and so we look at it and said
1:22:41.090,1:22:45.840
worth it to us to do this he is remanded
1:22:45.840,1:22:48.300
and there on the line
1:22:48.300,1:22:52.210
I think it's insider and she a one-dot or
her
1:22:52.210,1:22:52.980
the
1:22:52.980,1:22:55.820
and ETA one dot org I don't remember
1:22:55.820,1:22:58.610
which and so you can download it but I don't
know about
1:22:58.610,1:23:02.510
certainly he's working on that now
1:23:02.510,1:23:06.989
as I just said by the way I'm working on some
stuff in Sendmail eight mostly stuff like
1:23:06.989,1:23:11.739
the IRS tensions what I don't know when or
if that's going to get released
1:23:11.739,1:23:15.179
why is not a priority for the company right
now
1:23:15.179,1:23:16.139
and
1:23:16.139,1:23:20.189
all of them so I'm hoping to do is to a private
release outflow
1:23:20.189,1:23:23.230
do not use this under any circumstances
1:23:23.230,1:23:24.869
etc kind of
1:23:24.869,1:23:25.840
release
1:23:25.840,1:23:32.840
but we'll see
1:23:36.409,1:23:43.409
so the question is who owns the market
1:23:54.820,1:23:57.309
that so there's two things there one it is
1:23:57.309,1:23:59.830
don't have any steps on all what
1:23:59.830,1:24:02.109
it's often e-mail servers are using
1:24:02.109,1:24:05.860
that information there used to be some
places that
1:24:05.860,1:24:08.079
did and publish it for free
1:24:08.079,1:24:09.460
but they have started
1:24:09.460,1:24:10.320
charging money for it
1:24:10.320,1:24:12.670
a lot of money for
1:24:12.670,1:24:13.650
and I'm so
1:24:13.650,1:24:19.800
so I don't have anything really recent but
from what I can determine piecing together
1:24:19.800,1:24:22.750
on Sendmail is still the largest
1:24:22.750,1:24:25.690
and she a in terms of America
1:24:25.690,1:24:28.449
numbers out there are leave of
1:24:28.449,1:24:30.460
Microsoft number two
1:24:30.460,1:24:32.239
what is
1:24:32.239,1:24:33.980
senate although it is a problem
1:24:33.980,1:24:35.210
thirty percent
1:24:35.210,1:24:39.219
something like that in my interest also around
1:24:39.219,1:24:39.720
of
1:24:39.720,1:24:42.739
maybe twenty percent of that everyone else
breaks up the
1:24:42.739,1:24:45.029
fifty percent so
1:24:45.029,1:24:47.070
on the other hand but
1:24:47.070,1:24:48.919
I'm afraid that's
1:24:48.919,1:24:52.350
speculative speculation and tribulations
1:24:52.350,1:24:53.350
%um
1:24:53.350,1:24:56.599
the second question is can we use in essence
you're doing
1:24:56.599,1:24:59.729
well we're just MTV's to improve the situation
1:24:59.729,1:25:02.709
yes I'd love to do that
1:25:02.709,1:25:07.319
there was a time when that would have been
easier for me when
1:25:07.319,1:25:12.029
when really seventy percent of the network
according to send mail and they mostly upgraded
1:25:12.029,1:25:13.840
fairly quickly
1:25:13.840,1:25:17.860
I no longer have that kind of leverage
1:25:17.860,1:25:22.530
people have gotten much more reluctant to
upgrade the rail sir
1:25:22.530,1:25:26.099
now I can't talk the visa into doing it
too
1:25:26.099,1:25:28.380
then we might actually have something
1:25:28.380,1:25:35.380
we were in a state like Utah Microsoft int doing it
yeah that's likely
1:25:37.010,1:25:39.489
the window of opportunity could be close
1:25:39.489,1:25:41.889
and once again I would love to do that
1:25:41.889,1:25:44.050
but he is just not
1:25:44.050,1:25:47.739
I I I do work for commercial companies not
1:25:47.739,1:25:51.949
reasonable for them to pay me to do that right
now it's not a priority
1:25:51.949,1:25:54.260
and so I can't do it on my own
1:25:54.260,1:25:56.190
that would like
1:25:56.190,1:26:00.500
I am doing some stuff on my own but there
are limits to what I can do a very old and
1:26:00.500,1:26:02.709
I was twenty five years ago
1:26:02.709,1:26:05.829
so that and can no longer pull those all nighters
1:26:05.829,1:26:09.109
every night for a week
1:26:09.109,1:26:16.109
any other questions
1:26:16.859,1:26:20.900
silence all right
1:26:20.900,1:26:21.480
thank you very much