Gender • Women in leadership positions • Quick facts • Only 17.7 of all teams are coached by a female head coach ( • Average Number of female administrators in Women’s Programs =1.21 • No woman’s voice is heard anywhere in the administration of almost 1 out of 7 programs 98% of all schools have a full time sports information director but… Only 12.1% of the jobs are held by Women (Acosta and Carpenter 2006)

Race • Sport organization policies • Draft ? • Indiana center Jermaine O'Neal said the NBA's desire to put an age limit in the next collective bargaining agreement could be driven by racism. • "As a black guy, you kind of think that's the reason why it's coming up. You don't hear about it in baseball or hockey. To say you have to be 20, 21 to get in the league, it's unconstitutional. If I can go to the U.S. army and fight the war at 18, why can't you play basketball for 48 minutes?"

Homophobia • Gay athletes are terrified by the prospect of coming out of the closet because of the potential consequences — rejection by their coaches or negative reactions on the part of teammates (“Will they think I’m going to try to seduce them?). • In an attempt to deny their homosexuality completely, some gays will become extremely violent toward gays and lesbians, particularly during their teenage years. • Homophobia is part and parcel of male sports, because to be “one of the guys” is, by definition, to be homophobic. • (Demers,2006)

Religious beliefs • Quick facts • Courts • After leading his team in prayers for 23 years, Marcus Borden, a football coach in East Brunswick, is involved in a legal battle that is pushing the courts to decide the boundaries of acceptable religious activity for coaches and other educators in public schools. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit heard arguments on whether Borden has the right to bow his head and kneel while his players pray around him. Borden says he is not leading his players in prayer but simply supporting them. School officials say the coach should not participate in the prayers.