Auriculopalpebral nerve block, eliminates blinking and closing of the eye (rare in dogs, common in horses)

What are signs of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Laryngeal paralysis/hemiplegia: failure of the glottic cleft to open

Seen in horses (roarers) and dogs - high pitched, whistling on inspiration and exercise intolerance occur

Discuss the clinical significance of the accessory nerve (XI)

Little clinical significance

Describe the pupillary light reflex and what structures it involves?

Shining a light in the eye, noting if the pupil constricts in that eye and then the other eye; checks both cranial nerves II and III (optic and oculomotor nerves)

Describe the signs of facial nerve (VII) damage

Paralysis of the muscles of facial expression resulting in a distorted face, paralysis of the orbicularis oculi muscle and if proximal enough, the ANS fibers to the lacrimal gland, thus, can result in a dry eye

What is dysfunction of the sympathetic fibers to the eye?

Horner's syndrome

List the cardinal signs of Horner's syndrome

Miosis (small pupil)

Enophthalmos (small eyes)

Ptosis (drooping eyelid)

Protrusion of nictitating membrane

What results in swelling or draining (pus) below the carnivore's eye?

Carnassial tooth abcess (upper premolar 4)

How is aging of dog by their teeth used practically in dogs?

Baby teeth in by 6 weeks: vaccination time

Adult by 6 months: spay/neuter time

Which dog teeth have three roots?

Last 3 on top

Which cat permanent teeth have 3 roots?

Upper PM 4 (carnassial)

How is a nasogastric tube placed?

Through the nostril and the ventral nasal meatus or it will break the ethmoid turbinates, resulting in nasal bleeding (epitaxis)

A laryngotomy to open the larynx goes through which paired muscles to expose the larynx?

Sternohyoid muscles, middle "strap" muscle

The esophagus is accessible to surgery in the ____ half of the neck region on the _____ side.

caudal; left

What surgical landmark indicates the ventral midline of the larynx?

Cricothyroideus or bowtie muscle

Paralysis of what muscle results in 'roarers' in horses

Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle

How is a tranqulized dog intubated?

Gently pull the tongue rostrally, push the soft palate up with the endotracheal tube, hold the epiglottis down with the tube, direct tube between the vocal folds into the trachea

What causes laryngeal paralysis (dogs and horses)?

Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve resulting in paralysis of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle, the only muscle to open the glottic cleft, producing a roaring sound when breathing

What is a roarer?

Dog or horse with laryngeal paralysis due to the recurrent laryngeal nerve damage and resulting paralysis of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle