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What causes pain in testicle? 9 possible conditions

Testicle Pain

Testicles are egg-shaped glands located in the scrotum. Pain in the testicles can be caused by minor injuries to the area. However, if you are experiencing testicle pain and have not been injured, you need to have your symptoms evaluated.

Pain in the scrotum can be the result of serious conditions like testicular torsion or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Ignoring the pain may cause irreversible damage to the testicles and scrotum.

Often problems with the testicles cause abdominal or groin pain before testicle pain develops. Unexplained abdominal or groin pain should also be evaluated by a doctor.

What Are the Common Underlying Causes of Testicle Pain?

A number of underlying health conditions can cause testicle pain. Trauma or injury to the testicles can cause pain. However, testicle pain is often the result of medical issues that will require treatment. These include:

gangrene (the death of tissues as a result of untreated testicular torsion or trauma)

hydrocele (swelling of the scrotum)

inguinal hernia

kidney stones

orchitis (inflammation of the testicle)

spermatocele (fluid in the testicle)

undescended testicle

varicocele (enlarged veins in the testicle)

In some instances, pain in the testicle can be caused by a severe medical condition known as testicular torsion. When this condition occurs, the testicle may become twisted, cutting off blood supply to the testicle. This can cause damage to the tissue.

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that must be treated quickly to prevent damage to the testicles. The condition occurs more frequently in males between the ages of 10 and 20.

Testicular pain is rarely caused by testicular cancer. Testicular cancer typically causes a lump to form on the testicles. The lump is often painless. Your doctor should evaluate any lump that forms on the testicle.

When Should You Call Your Doctor?

Call your doctor for an appointment if:

you can feel a lump on your scrotum

you develop a fever

your scrotum is red, warm to the touch, or tender

you have recently been in contact with someone that has the mumps

You should seek emergency medical attention if your testicle pain:

is sudden or severe

is caused by an injury that is painful or swollen after one hour

occurs along with nausea and/or vomiting

How Can the Symptoms of Testicle Pain Be Treated?

Pain that does not require medical care can be treated at home using the following measures:

wearing an athletic supporter (cup) to support the scrotum

using ice to reduce swelling in the scrotum

taking warm baths

supporting the testicles while lying down by placing a rolled towel under the scrotum

using over-the-counter pain medications, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen, to reduce pain

If the cause of your testicle pain is more serious, you will need to seek treatment from your doctor. Your doctor will complete a physical exam of your abdomen, groin, and scrotum to determine what is causing your testicle pain. Your doctor will also ask you about your current health conditions and if you have other symptoms.

Once your doctor diagnoses the cause of your testicle pain, he or she will be able to provide treatment. Treatment may include:

antibiotics to treat infection

surgery to untwist testicles (in the case of testicular torsion)

pain medications

surgery to reduce fluid accumulation in the testicles

What Are the Complications of Testicular Pain?

Your doctor can successfully treat most cases of testicle pain. An untreated infection such as chlamydia or a serious condition such as testicular torsion may result in permanent damage to the testicles and scrotum. Damage may impact fertility and reproduction. Testicular torsion that results in gangrene can cause a life-threatening infection that can spread throughout the body.

How Can You Prevent Testicle Pain?

Not all cases of testicle pain can be prevented. However, there are some steps you can take to reduce the underlying causes of this pain. These steps include:

See a list of possible causes in order from the most common to the least.

This condition is considered a medical emergency. Urgent care may be required.

Torsion of the testes (testicular torsion) occurs when the spermatic cord becomes twisted, causing a restriction in blood flow to the testes, severe pain and possibly permanent damage. It is a medical emergency.

Orchitis is the inflammation of the testicles. It can be caused by either bacterial or viral infection such as the mumps or certain STIs. Symptoms are often restricted to just one testicle in most men.

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland, which produces a fluid found in semen. The inflammation may spread to the area around the prostate. Causes include bladder infection, STDs, and injuries to the prostate.

Kidney stones are solid masses of crystalized calcium or other substances that originate in the kidneys but can pass through the urinary tract. The greatest risk factor is making less than one liter of urine per day.

Chronic prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate gland. The prostate is a small gland located below a man's bladder. It surrounds the urethra and produces most of the fluid in semen. Prostatitis may be caused by ...

Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis causes pain and inflammation in the prostate and the lower urinary tract in men. It's a common condition, especially in men between the ages of 35 and 50 and the cause is often unknown.

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a condition that causes swollen arteries. It primarily affects small and medium-sized arteries, which can become inflamed or damaged. This is a serious disease of the blood vessels cause...

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