Alternative Names

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy leads to a common type of damage to nerves outside the brain or spinal cord (peripheral neuropathy). Polyneuropathy means several nerves are involved. It usually affects both sides of the body the same amount.

The cause of chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy is an abnormal immune response. The specific triggers vary. In many cases, the cause cannot be identified.

Which other tests are done depends on the suspected cause of the condition, and may include x-rays, imaging scans, and blood tests.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to control symptoms. What treatment is given depends on how severe the symptoms are, among other things. The most aggressive treatment is usually only given if you have difficulty walking or if symptoms interfere with your ability to care for yourself or perform work functions.

Treatments may include:

Corticosteroids to help reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms

Other medications that suppress the immune system (for some severe cases)

Removing antibodies from the blood, using plasmapheresis or plasma exchange

Intravenous immune globulin (IVIg), which involves adding large numbers of antibodies to the blood plasma to reduce the effect of the antibodies that are causing the problem

Expectations (prognosis)

The outcome varies. The disorder may continue long-term, or you may have repeated episodes of symptoms. Complete recovery is possible, but permanent loss of nerve function is not uncommon.

Complications

Pain

Permanent decrease or loss of sensation in areas of the body

Permanent weakness or paralysis in areas of the body

Repeated or unnoticed injury to an area of the body

Side effects of medications used to treat the disorder

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if you have a loss of movement or sensation in any area of the body, especially if your symptoms get worse.