Evaluating hypotheses of basal animal phylogeny using complete sequences of large and small subunit rRNA.

The striking and congruent new information provided by this and a related paper is that sponges do indeed lie at the base of the metazoan tree, as has long been believed, but they are PARAPHYLETIC: the closest subgroup to metazoans being the calcareous sponges.

This is a crucial step in understanding the "base" of the animal phylogenetic tree as it now allows us to polarize the metazoan tree.

See also the related paper by Borchiellini...

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