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fi-riil tv o dollars nor annum in advance v - rted at si per square for the first a a seqo nt insertion court or . p . " â€¢ cent higher great battle in india - , -,'.-â€¢- hundred british and native droops kill ed â€” andreported loss of thirty thou i idler and feroz sha ', 0_r advices from bombay since tl.e sailing f â€¢â€¢ â€¢ steam hip cambria came down to jan uar v it and furnish accounts of one of the _ .-â€¢-: battles ever fought by the british in our n empire in which wo have sustained the ss t 3,000 of our brave soldiers in g tbe gallant sale sir j m'kaskill and y [ broadfbot when those accounts left of action fbr bombay for transmission , england there were several regiments from ]â– â– returns had not boon received so lhat a ss may be calculated upon , extraordinary gazette gives the official t all ihe military operations in this iuggle the result we are proud to - glorious and decisive ;< victory as'ev tvned id british arms and equalled only 6e)d of waterloo previous to layiu before our readers copies nf the more iinpor despat.-hes we prefix the following l.ri.-f line : on the 12th l:"ih and 14 of dee sikh army crossed tbe sotlej with at tho i estimate 8(1.000 men of w hom jo 000 000 were cavalry | and about 150 cannon â€¢_ t calibre moveable in the field and ii'-iy finished â€” an artillery immea.-urably powerful than was over brought into ihe v ejjington or napoleon 7i is only in that ihe sikhs are ranked as harbarous j race as vigorous in body as acute -. io as skilful iu all thelitis tbey if which war is the chief as the gen ' 1 . .: npeans fhe place at which this formidable host pass â€¢ river m;n lie about 40 or 50 miles from ire the capital of ptiujaub and within a distance of ferozepnre the most ad . im british posts ferozepnre is a 15 iÂ»r 0 mills ( ruu , ( |,,. p 0 j it which the i the river if ii is so much the â€¢ is having established themselves and or d iheir force on the british side of the ind made some slight demonstrations nf dog ferozopore in the interval between b and i8lh ; but upon tbe last named k up ami taking the direct road lo ' proceeded in a southerly direction a would mask ferozepore leavino "( ,, n â– 'â€¢' i this direction a division of 30 - the invaders had proceeded about 25 a place ailed rvtm-dkee when on the t ol ihe l8th thev were met by a party briiish army commanded by sir hik-ii d lhe governor general sir henry - lvn "- - d in command took :-â– field in person ronflict ensued in which the sikhs i j attached to iheir division in ; â€¢ guns it was in this stage f t ! 1 . , i sir r ibert sale and gen m'kaskill i 1 i null's proceeded languidly through md 2 lib tbe armies on both sides be d u ilh lhe burial of their lead and _ nization of iheir respective armies se two days the british commander ' info.eemeiils ; lnil the invaders iteir main body pro ( 10,000 or 40 000 presented a prodigi : gm when the shock of bat ' a renewed on the 21st at a pbi-*e called i ir about twelve miles in retreat from i f rozeshar the invaders had prcr i mgly entrenched camp which ihey i red to it-fi-ml with um pieces of i artillery and'5 000 men i igi â€¢ iti ii t:i scared depict the f;irv and . - mi k \ of the two day's li_ht lhal must , i ceeded the capture nf the invaders ipwtth all its mull riel and artillery and the dispersion of lhe invading army on the i - lof december the most fortunate es li islands in the stitfej or perhaps in lhe ink but the greater pari were scat iii parties through the british ler Â»' heir loss is variously estimated at m 30.000 lo 35,000 in killed md wounded killed and wounded it is lo be fear short of 3 300 including 50 kn l.ring robbery lay night la-t while the clerks were store of messrs r < '. carson entered and money t he amount ii therefrom the robber entered ij crawling under the counting room which was not underpined and re ioundation and part oflhe hearth of * ice in the counting-room so ibat a - ni ienlbj large was made to admit a per fter entering lhe attempt was made to ke the draw of the desk iii which wa de sited most of the money but not succeeding robber went into the store and look two ra '" with which he cut away the wood into â– i f lhe lock hut and by this ihe draw open and took out lhe pud utaining the money he also robb ne draw of what money it contain ' a ragged one lollar virginia bill â€” â– plan seemed to be well laid and at he had made himself well acquain ilh ih store and although a new hand rial the business tor the whole was ae i from lhe time lhat the clerks went until their return which was about s ispicion has rested upon a young | in ,|< the name of jeremiah rainey and part â– ' liich he paid to a gentleman in sworn to by one of the clerks warrant has been issued for his ii-ion - pursued to yorkville s ('.. and ap tad while the necessary papers were '- oui he made his escape from those -â€¢'- of him â€” charlotte journal escape the hartford courant '* - remarkable instance of presence of . and of narrow escape thereby while she was crossing lhe rail 1 ir asylum street the train from i came upon her almost unnoticed fright she stumbled and fell but she . ranged herself between the rails " tee and person close lo the round w hole train thus passed over her with 4 - least injury â€” except a horrible i purr of a musquito â€” the pittsburg i ( ial journal says lhat mosquitoes are insects but one has been known to wan weighing two hundred pounds and moving a whole night ut lhat the carolina watchman biu'n'er & james > '' r ,-. o â€ž â– _.___ ( " keep a check upon all y.ur editors y proprietors i g _ a __ â€ž { new series klleks do this an liberty i genl harrison number 50 of volume ii salisbury n c friday april 107l846 from ti s c temperance advocate mr editor â€” many as are the trials of editors they possess one enviable privi lege they have the rare prerogative of presenting their thoughts weekly and sometimes daily before the people oth er men may have a thousand useful thoughts that are horn and die within their own breasts bur a man of sense and benevolence who wields a press has at his command a powerful engine of public good his meditations his acquisitions if he h;js valuahle one are not obliged fo rest unused he directly begins to put ihem info simp worthy ofthe public eve anil in so doing whets his own mind di gests its stored materials and polishes his style and thus is doubly blest both in communicating and imbibing moral and intellectual nourishment i congratulate you on the flattering fact that you are daily preparing a sheet which is to meet ev.-i -\ week the eyes of several thousands of your fellow-citizens to be read by their families and to exert who knows what influence ? on the characters ofl hose fam ilies a paper which has obtained ex tensive currenc for that very reason be comes an object worthy of public inter est and regard to thinking and patriot ic men it is a distressing truth or false hood virtue or vice poison or wholesome ali ment to the common mind it is one oflhe mischiefs of the violent party spirit which rages through our land that the press that mighty engine of power is made to pander to its appetite party spirit is a hot-bed which generates ami shoots up party-papers as a dung-heap sends forth lhe loathsome james-town weed and hey in their turn rot and give back their pu trescence to increase the rankness of the mast that sustains them â€” at once the off spring and the parent of corruption i am not speaking now of hose papers which though they have taken sides in ' tjie great political questions which r-.gi tate our country are conducted with dig nitv anil moderation it is fo be expect ed that men siiould have decided opinions and strong feelingson such important and exciting topics hat this is no justifica tion for making oar popular prints week ly or daily vehicles for stirring up the peo ple with malice and hatred agai-tst one another maligning the motives and black ening he characters of our public men so lhat at length each party is .-,,, ihor aughlv envenomed as lo believe that its antagonist has not a particle of honesty or patriotism left in it what a mourn ful comment ary on these remarks is af ; forded by the late desperate and atrocious rencontre in the very capital of virginia ! here wen two men ol ihe first respecta bility iu one oflhe foremost states of this union yet in consequence ofthe long ex asperation kept up by conducting two great party papers â€” at length driven to settle their disputes by a combat almost unparalleled for its ferocity in the wild est regions of our wide-spread countrv â€” but 1 must stop this strain â€” 1 hail no idea when i sat down of falling into this chan nel my only object was to congratulate you on your neutral position and the hap py necessity laid upon you by the nature of publication to avoid this dangerous ground on which even the calmest tem per and the most dangerous spirits tire so apt to slide â€” your good destiny it is to labour to make men sober â€” sober in their refreshments and as a very closely link ed consequence sober in their opinions sober in their passions sober in iheir prin ciples sober in their schemes i say "' as a closely-linked consequence ;" for on ac count of the nice and subtle connexion between our corporeal and mental'sys tems let a man's animal system be heat ed by liquor and as tin almost necessary consequence hhopinions will be more ex travagant his passions more excitable his principles more at the mercy of these ac cidental emotions and his schemes ! â€” oh sir who can tell how many foolish ruin ous bargains have been made ter dinner ! f men will drink let them at least do all tie ir business before nine but sir i am swelling into an article u hat 1 only intended as the preface to an article which i lately met with in an ex cellant little tract by the celebrated dr channing of boston this tract is en titled self culture and is published in the form of a neat little volume which 1 picked up the other day on a friend's cen tre table the whole tract with the ex ception of one short passage lo which a southern man might object i consider re plete with most valuable matter adapted to the instruction of all both educated and uneducated it was delivered as a lecture for the benefit of those who get iheir living by manual labour and yet is so profound and philosophical in its views as well as abounding in common sense and noble feeling that no one i will ven ture to say can read it without benefit â€” its perusal would hardly occupy more than an hour and 1 think you could not do better mr editor than print it in de tached parts as you find room which i think you will be prompted to do upon reading it 1 give the present morceau as a specimen it being more immediately relative to the design of your paper 1'horeo i proceed to another important means ol self culture and this is the control of the animal appetites to raise the mor al and intellectual nalurc we must put down the animal sensuality is the a 7 5 ' byss in which very many souls are plun ged aud lost among tbe must prosper ous classes what a vast amount of intel lectual life is drowned in luxurious ex cesses it is one great curse of wealth that it i.s used to pampar the senses and among the proper classes though luxury is wanting yet a gross feeding often pre vails under which lhe spirit is whelmed it is a sad sight to walk through oar streets and to see how many countenan ces bear marks of a lethargy and a bru tal coarseness induced by unrestrained indulgence whoever would cultivate the soul must restrain the appetites i am not an advocate for the doctrine that animal food was not meant for man ; hut this is used among us to excess that as a people we should gain much in cheerful ness activity and buoyancy of mind by less gross and stimulating food i am strongly inclined to believe above all let in urge on those who would bring out and elevate their higher nature to ab stain from the use of spirituous liquors â€” this bad habit is distinguished from all others by the ravages it makes on therea son the intellect ; and this effect is pro duced to a mournful extent even when jrunkenness is escaped not a few men ailed temperate and who have learned n abstaining from the use of ardent spir ts lhat for years their minds had been douded impared by moderate drinking without their suspecting the injury mul itudes in this city are bereft of half their ntellectual energy by a degree of indul gence which asses for innocent oi all he foes of the working class this is lhe leadliest nothing has done more to ceep down this class to destroy their sell espect to rob ihem of their just influence nthe community to render profitless the neans of improvement within their reach nan the use of ardent spirits as a drink fh.-y are called on to withstand this prac ice,as they regard their honor and would ake iheir just place in society they i ire under solemn obligations to every ef j brt for its suppression they ought to re gard as iheir enemies hough uninten \ ionallysuch as the enemies of iheir rights ! lignity and influence the men who de sire to hood city and country with distilled oison i lately visited a flourishing vil tge and on expressing lo one of the re spected inhabitants the pleasure i felt in vitnessing so many signs of progress he eplied the one or the ca.u-.r-a ofthe pros , erity 1 witnessed was the disuse ol ar lent spirits ly the people and this re formation we may be assured wrought something higher than outward prosperi y in almost very family so improved ive cannot doubt that the capacities of j he parent for intellectual find moral im irovement were enlarged and the meat f education made more effectual to the hild i call on working men to take | hold of lhe cause of temparance as pecu liarly their cause these remarks an the nor needed in consequence of the efforts made far and wide to annul at the pre sent moment a recent law for lhe sup pression ol the sale of ardent spirits i'i such quantities as favor intemperance 1 know that ihere are intelligent and good men who believe that in enacting this law government transcended its limits left . its true path and established a precedent for the legislative interference with all our pursuits and pleasures no one here looks more jealously on government lhan myself but i maintain that this is a case which stands by itself which can be confounded with no other and on which government from its very nature and end is peculiarly bound to act let it never be torgotten that the great end of government ils highest function is not to make roads grant charters originate improvements but to prevent or repress crimes against individaul rights and so cial order for this end it ordains a pe nal code erects prisons and indicts fear ful punishments now if it be true that a vast proportion of the crimes which government is instituted to prevent and repress have their origin in the use of ar dent spirits ; if our poor-houses work-hou ses jails alid penitentiaries are tenanted in a great degree by those whose first and chief impulse to crime came from lhe distillery and dram-shop ; if murder anil theft lhe most fearful outrages on proper ty and life are most frequently the issues and consummation of intemperance is not government bound to restrain by legisla tion the vending ofthe stimulous to those terible social wrongs i is government never to act as a parent never to remove the causes or occasions of wrong doing ? lias it but one instrument for repressing crime namely public infamous punish ment an evil only inferior to crime ? is government a usurper does it wander be yond its sphere by imposing restraints on an article which does no imaginable good which can plead no benefit conferred on body or mind which unfits the citizen for the discharge of his duty to his country and which above all stirs up men to the perpetration of most of the crimes from which it is the highest and most solemn oilice of goverement to protect society ?" one of the meanest and must contemptible acts on earth is tn slander an unprotected and friendless woman yes but ihere is one thing far meaner it is for a woman sheltered by the immunities of her sex to outrage the tl-elings of a high mind ed man scenes axd developments in tiie senate the national intelligencer of the 2nd inst says : a debate of unusual interest sprang up in ihe senate yesterday some what unexpectedly mr ashley of ar kansas had the floor on the oregon sub ject and was expected to proceed at one o'clock at a quarter before one mr speight intimated thata senator from mis souri mr benton would be glad of a few minutes to make an explanation before the regylar debate proceeded thereup on the order of the day was called for and mr benton rose a very thrilling scene ensued â€” a scene not more thrilling than it was important in its bearing on the great question of peace or war mr ben ton's observations as well as those which followed them will be found reported in their proper place in another part of our paper it will be recollected that in the debate on monday mr webster suggested that the united states had acknowledged the fact that the forty-ninth parallel of lati tude had been established by the treaty of utrecht as a boundary a least on this side of the rocky mountains mr cass on tuesday argued on the contrary that no line had ever been determined under the treaty of utrecht and was understood to say that if it could be established that such line of demarcation between the english and french colonies had been de termined under the treaty of utrecht he would never say another word in favor of 51 deg 40 min the honorable senator from missouri yesterday took up this gage j and with what success the public will judge from a perusal of the speech itself , its effect upon those who heard it was deep and striking mr hannegan on behalf of mr cass \ who was absent made a very animated impromptu reply which also will be found in its proper place but the position in which the distinguished and worthy sen ator from michigan stands will undoubt edly lead him to attempt an extrication as well for himself as for the fifty-four forty party which according to mr benton is becoming small by degrees and beauti fully less the oregon question the special order of the day having been announced and mr ashley being entitled to the floor â€” mr speight requested mr a lo waive his right to he floor for a few mo ments to enable a senator to make an ex planation mr ashley acceded to the request i mr s and consented to yield the floor w hereupon â€” mr benton said he did not rise to make any speech hut merely to vindicate histo ry and the intelligence ofthe senate from an error info which the senator from mi chigan not now in his seat mr cass had fallen yesterday in relying on mr greenhow's book on oregon that book maintained that the commissaries had ne ver acted under the treaty of utrecht had never established the limits between lhe british and french possessions in north america had done nothing on the subject and the senator from michigan holding mr greenhow to be right had adopted his opinion and laid so much stress upon the fact of the action of these com missaries as to make his future conduct upon the oregon question dependant upon it if mr greenhow was wrong and the commissaries had acted and established the parallel of 41 degrees and this fact was prov.-d he mr b understood the senator from michigan to say that he would give up the russian limit of 54 de grees 40 min and never say anv thing more about oregon north of 49 degrees this is a penalty which mr b would not have imposed it was giving to the line of the treaty of utrecht a consequence and importance which he would not have at tributed to it but the senator from mi chigan had judged lor himself and judged deliberately ; for his speech was well pre pared and it was his own act to make his future conduct dependant upon the cor rectness of mr greenhow's opinion which he had quoted and adopted mr b would show by the highest evidence that the commissaries did act ; that they did estab lish the limits between france and great britain in north america and that the 49 h parallel was one of the lines estab lished ; and having shown this he would make no argument upon it would make no application of the fact but content himself with vindicating history at an es sential point and leave it to the senator from michigan to give it the influence upon his own conduct which he should think proper mr b then made a statement introduc tory to the proofs which he meant to in troduce and showing how the treaty of utrecht had become applicable to this question of boundary between the united states and great britain it grew out of the purchase of louisiana and was coe val with that purchase it was known to every body that the northwestern cor ner ol the united states could not be clos ed because there was an impossible call in the treaty of 17s3 it called for a due west curse from the lake of the woods to the mississippi when such coarse would never strike the mississippi tbe lake be ing north of the head of that river upon the supposition that the line due west from the lake would strike the river tbe right of its free navigation was granted to the british by the treaty of peace ; but on finding that tbe line would not strike the river the struggle began between the two countries on the part of the british to deflect the line to turn it down southwest and thus get to the river and with this arrival upon that stream come to the en joyment of its navigation the struggle on the part of the united states was to prevent this consequence â€” to close the line without yielding the navigation : and this contest had continued twenty years when a treaty was signed in london to terminate this contest it was in the year 1803 mr jefferson being president and mr rufus king minister in london for in those days ministers were not so ra pidly changed upon a change of adminis tration as has sometimes since occurred the fifth article ofthe treaty then sign ed deflected the line so as to reach the mississippi on the shortest course ; and this was done in conformity to instruc tions from the government of the united states this treaty was signed in the spring of 1803 ; and it so happened that about the same time â€” namely twelve days before the signature of the treaty in london the treaty without the know ledge of mr king for the sale of louisi ana to the united states was signed â€” the two treaties arrived in the u states together and mr jefferson immediately saw the advantage which the louisiana treaty gave him in cutting off forever the british both from the navigation of the mississippi and from the whole valley of that river the most accomplished di plomatist in america â€” perhaps equal to any in europe â€” he saw at once that the acquisition of louisiana put us in the shoes of the french in all tbeir treaties appli cable to that province ; that it especially made us a party to the treaty of utrecht ; gave us the benefit ofthe line 11 estab lished under that treaty ; and he imme diately determined to recommend to the senate the rejection ofthe fifth article of the treaty signed at london and to rely afterwards upon the utrecht treaty as a matter of right to force the british outof the valley of the mississippi the senate con curred with him they rejected the fifth article ofthe treaty and then the double duty presented itself to be performed at london the rejection of the article ofthe treaty was to be justified : the treaty of utrecht was to be plead against the british to put an i ml to their darling desire to obtain the navigation of the mississippi the first was a delicate duty the non-ratifi cation of a treaty concluded under in structions except for good cause is by the law of nations an injury to the ad verse power implying a breach of faith but little short of the enormity of violating the same treaty after its ratification to show this good cause â€” to justify ourselves for a seeming breach of faith â€” was the immediate care ol mr jefferson ; and im mediately after the senate bail acted up on the two treaties namely on the 14th of february 1804 mr madison secre tary of state wrote to mr monroe mr king having asked leave to return when he had concluded his treaty lo bring this delicate business before the british gov ernment and satisfy them at once upon the point of the non-ratification of the fifth article the treaty of utrecht furnished the justification and mr monroe was in structed to urge it accordingly mr b said this extraordinary state ment brought him to the production of his authorities he would now have recourse to the language of others and would read a paragraph from the first letter of mr madison to mr monroe on this subject : " if the fifth article be expunged the north â€¢ boundary of louisiana will as is reasonable remain the saiie in the hands of the united stales as it was in ibe hands of fiance and â€¢ may be adjusted and established according lo ' the principles and authorities which in that 1 case have been applicable there is reason ' to believe that the boundary between louis 1 iana and the british territories north of it svere actually lived by commissioners appointed un ' der the treaty of l'trecht and lhal ihis bound - ary was to run from the lake of the woods ' westwardly in latitude 49 degrees : in which case the fifth article would in nugatory a ihe ' line from the lake of the woods to the near ' est source of tie mississippi would run through 4 territory which on both sides of the line would ' belong to the united states annexed is a â€¢ paper stating the authority on which the dt-ei â€¢ inti of the commissioners under the treaty of ' utrecht res*s on the reasoning opposed lothe 1 construction making the 49th degree of iaii - tude the northern boundary of louisiana with marginal notes in support of that construction ' this paper will put you more readily into pos ' session ofthe subject as it may enter into your discussions with lhe british government but ynu will perceive the necessity of recurring to the proceedings of tbe commissioners as the source of authentic information these are ' not within our reach here and it must con-e ' quently be left to your own researches and ' judgment to determine tl.e proper use to be 1 made of them mr b remarked upon the language of this extract the fact of the commissa ries having acted was assumed for certain the precise terms of their act and the con struction of those terms was not exactly known : and mr monroe was directed to examine the proceedings of tho commis saries in london â€” to ascertain the partic ulars â€” and to aet according to his judg ment mr monroe did so and found not the least difficulty on either branch of his duty the justification tor the non-rati fication oflhe boundary clause seems to have been admitted without a word nor did the other branch of the subject en counter the least difficulty the utrecht treaty carried all through but let mr monroe speak for himself in his letter to mr madison of september s 1804 he says : " we then proceeded lo examine the conven ' tion respecting tbe boundaries in the light in ' which the ratification lo lhe president present ' ed it on lhat subject ais i omitted nothing ' which the documents in my possession ena ' bled me to say in aid of which i thought it ' advisable a few days afterwards to send his ' lordship a note explanatory of the motives 1 which indue 1 the preside nl 1.111 senate tode cline ratifying the fifth article as the affair â€¢ had become by lhat circumstance iu soroede gree a delicate one ami as it was iu iis nature ' intricate i thought it improper to let the eipla ' nation which i had given rest on the memory â€¢ ofa sin_ie individual by committing it to pa ' per it might be better understood l.y lord ' harrowby and by the cabinet tu whom he ' will doubtless submit it in this extract resumed mr b mr monroe shows that he held a conversa tion with lord harrowby the british se cretary of state and used the utrecht treaty for both tho purposes for which he had been instructed to use it and with perfect success he also shows that un willing to leave such an important matter to the memory of an individual be drew up the substance of his conversation in writing and delivered it to lord harrow by that he might lay it before the cabi net the production of this paper then is the next link in the chain ot the evi dence to be laid before the senate : and here it is : â€¢â€¢ pdj er respecting the boundary of tin united states del irered to /.,./-,/ harrowby septem ber 5 iso " by the tenth article of tin treaty of i'trocbt â€¢ ii is agreed france shall restore to great ' britain the bay and straits of hods togetb ' er with all lands seas seacoasts rivers and ' places situate in the said l>a and straits which ' belong thereunto c it is also agreed ' that commissaries shall he forthwith appointed by each power to determine within a year tbe ' limits between the sail bay of hudson aud the ' places appertaining to the french ; and also to â€¢ desci ibe and settle in like manner the bound ' aries between the other ib'uish and french ' colonies in those pails commissaries were accordingly appointed ' by each power who executed the stipulations ' of the treaty in establishing the boundaries i>r 1 posed by it they fixed the northern bounda ' iv of canada and louisiana by a line begin ' ning in the atlantic at a cape or promontory it 58 ."'()' north latitude ihence southwest ' wardly lo lhe bake mistasin : ihence further â€¢ southwest to the latitude of 49 north from the ' equator and along that line indeiinitely mr b stopped the reading and re marked upon the extract as far as read he saitl this was a statement â€” a state ment of fact â€” made by mr monroe to lord harrowby and which of itself es tablished the twofold fact that the com missaries did act under atreaty of utrecht and established the 49th parallel as the boundary line between france and great britain from the lake of the woods in definitely west how unfortunate that the senator from michigan had not look ed toauthentic documents instead of look ing to mr greenhow's book and becom ing its dupe and its victim if so he ne ver could have fallen into th serious er ror of denying the establishment of the line under lhe treaty of utrecht ; and the further serious error of saying that mr monroe had added nothing to mr madi son's and had left the question as doubt ful as he found if in point of fact mr monroe added the particulars of which mr madison had declared his ignorance ; added the beginning the courses and the ending ofthe line ; and stated lhe whole with the precision ofa man who had ta ken his information from the proceedings of the commissaries and to whom did in deliver tins paper .' to a british se cretary of slate t be ] i i before the king in cabinet council and to be used against the power who was a party to the treaty and what did lord harrowby say ? deny the act like the senate who i so unfortunate as to follow mr green how or even resist tl argument result ing from the tact i not at till he made no objection to either the fact or the in ference and mr monroe thus proceeded to apply ins facts and to urge the exclu sion ofthe ib-itisi f rorr - the navigation of the mississippi and its entire valley as a matter of right under the utrecht trea ty and by i!k provisions of which they could hold no territory south of 49 hear him : 'â€¢ by mitchell's map by which the treaty of ' 17 un formed i : ,,; '- evident that the north â€¢ western point ofthe lake nf i woo was a lea-i a high north n tie latitude of iff â€¢ by the ohse rial ions of mr thompson astron ' omerto tie northwestern company it appears ' t i in latitude 49 j7 by joining then tin western boundary of canada to it north ' ern in lie lake nf tie woods and closing â€¢ both there it follows that it was tie obvious in ' ti-iiiiuii of the ministers who negotiated the treaty and of their respective governments that tie united states should possess all lhe â€¢ territory lying between th lake and the miss ' issippi south of th parall.-l ofthe 49th degree ' of north latitude phi is confirmed by the courses which are afterwards pursued bv the ' treaty since they are precisely those which â€¢ had been established between great britain ' and france in former treaties by running " die west from tho northwestern point of the ' lake of the woods to the mississippi it must

fi-riil tv o dollars nor annum in advance v - rted at si per square for the first a a seqo nt insertion court or . p . " â€¢ cent higher great battle in india - , -,'.-â€¢- hundred british and native droops kill ed â€” andreported loss of thirty thou i idler and feroz sha ', 0_r advices from bombay since tl.e sailing f â€¢â€¢ â€¢ steam hip cambria came down to jan uar v it and furnish accounts of one of the _ .-â€¢-: battles ever fought by the british in our n empire in which wo have sustained the ss t 3,000 of our brave soldiers in g tbe gallant sale sir j m'kaskill and y [ broadfbot when those accounts left of action fbr bombay for transmission , england there were several regiments from ]â– â– returns had not boon received so lhat a ss may be calculated upon , extraordinary gazette gives the official t all ihe military operations in this iuggle the result we are proud to - glorious and decisive ;< victory as'ev tvned id british arms and equalled only 6e)d of waterloo previous to layiu before our readers copies nf the more iinpor despat.-hes we prefix the following l.ri.-f line : on the 12th l:"ih and 14 of dee sikh army crossed tbe sotlej with at tho i estimate 8(1.000 men of w hom jo 000 000 were cavalry | and about 150 cannon â€¢_ t calibre moveable in the field and ii'-iy finished â€” an artillery immea.-urably powerful than was over brought into ihe v ejjington or napoleon 7i is only in that ihe sikhs are ranked as harbarous j race as vigorous in body as acute -. io as skilful iu all thelitis tbey if which war is the chief as the gen ' 1 . .: npeans fhe place at which this formidable host pass â€¢ river m;n lie about 40 or 50 miles from ire the capital of ptiujaub and within a distance of ferozepnre the most ad . im british posts ferozepnre is a 15 iÂ»r 0 mills ( ruu , ( |,,. p 0 j it which the i the river if ii is so much the â€¢ is having established themselves and or d iheir force on the british side of the ind made some slight demonstrations nf dog ferozopore in the interval between b and i8lh ; but upon tbe last named k up ami taking the direct road lo ' proceeded in a southerly direction a would mask ferozepore leavino "( ,, n â– 'â€¢' i this direction a division of 30 - the invaders had proceeded about 25 a place ailed rvtm-dkee when on the t ol ihe l8th thev were met by a party briiish army commanded by sir hik-ii d lhe governor general sir henry - lvn "- - d in command took :-â– field in person ronflict ensued in which the sikhs i j attached to iheir division in ; â€¢ guns it was in this stage f t ! 1 . , i sir r ibert sale and gen m'kaskill i 1 i null's proceeded languidly through md 2 lib tbe armies on both sides be d u ilh lhe burial of their lead and _ nization of iheir respective armies se two days the british commander ' info.eemeiils ; lnil the invaders iteir main body pro ( 10,000 or 40 000 presented a prodigi : gm when the shock of bat ' a renewed on the 21st at a pbi-*e called i ir about twelve miles in retreat from i f rozeshar the invaders had prcr i mgly entrenched camp which ihey i red to it-fi-ml with um pieces of i artillery and'5 000 men i igi â€¢ iti ii t:i scared depict the f;irv and . - mi k \ of the two day's li_ht lhal must , i ceeded the capture nf the invaders ipwtth all its mull riel and artillery and the dispersion of lhe invading army on the i - lof december the most fortunate es li islands in the stitfej or perhaps in lhe ink but the greater pari were scat iii parties through the british ler Â»' heir loss is variously estimated at m 30.000 lo 35,000 in killed md wounded killed and wounded it is lo be fear short of 3 300 including 50 kn l.ring robbery lay night la-t while the clerks were store of messrs r < '. carson entered and money t he amount ii therefrom the robber entered ij crawling under the counting room which was not underpined and re ioundation and part oflhe hearth of * ice in the counting-room so ibat a - ni ienlbj large was made to admit a per fter entering lhe attempt was made to ke the draw of the desk iii which wa de sited most of the money but not succeeding robber went into the store and look two ra '" with which he cut away the wood into â– i f lhe lock hut and by this ihe draw open and took out lhe pud utaining the money he also robb ne draw of what money it contain ' a ragged one lollar virginia bill â€” â– plan seemed to be well laid and at he had made himself well acquain ilh ih store and although a new hand rial the business tor the whole was ae i from lhe time lhat the clerks went until their return which was about s ispicion has rested upon a young | in ,|< the name of jeremiah rainey and part â– ' liich he paid to a gentleman in sworn to by one of the clerks warrant has been issued for his ii-ion - pursued to yorkville s ('.. and ap tad while the necessary papers were '- oui he made his escape from those -â€¢'- of him â€” charlotte journal escape the hartford courant '* - remarkable instance of presence of . and of narrow escape thereby while she was crossing lhe rail 1 ir asylum street the train from i came upon her almost unnoticed fright she stumbled and fell but she . ranged herself between the rails " tee and person close lo the round w hole train thus passed over her with 4 - least injury â€” except a horrible i purr of a musquito â€” the pittsburg i ( ial journal says lhat mosquitoes are insects but one has been known to wan weighing two hundred pounds and moving a whole night ut lhat the carolina watchman biu'n'er & james > '' r ,-. o â€ž â– _.___ ( " keep a check upon all y.ur editors y proprietors i g _ a __ â€ž { new series klleks do this an liberty i genl harrison number 50 of volume ii salisbury n c friday april 107l846 from ti s c temperance advocate mr editor â€” many as are the trials of editors they possess one enviable privi lege they have the rare prerogative of presenting their thoughts weekly and sometimes daily before the people oth er men may have a thousand useful thoughts that are horn and die within their own breasts bur a man of sense and benevolence who wields a press has at his command a powerful engine of public good his meditations his acquisitions if he h;js valuahle one are not obliged fo rest unused he directly begins to put ihem info simp worthy ofthe public eve anil in so doing whets his own mind di gests its stored materials and polishes his style and thus is doubly blest both in communicating and imbibing moral and intellectual nourishment i congratulate you on the flattering fact that you are daily preparing a sheet which is to meet ev.-i -\ week the eyes of several thousands of your fellow-citizens to be read by their families and to exert who knows what influence ? on the characters ofl hose fam ilies a paper which has obtained ex tensive currenc for that very reason be comes an object worthy of public inter est and regard to thinking and patriot ic men it is a distressing truth or false hood virtue or vice poison or wholesome ali ment to the common mind it is one oflhe mischiefs of the violent party spirit which rages through our land that the press that mighty engine of power is made to pander to its appetite party spirit is a hot-bed which generates ami shoots up party-papers as a dung-heap sends forth lhe loathsome james-town weed and hey in their turn rot and give back their pu trescence to increase the rankness of the mast that sustains them â€” at once the off spring and the parent of corruption i am not speaking now of hose papers which though they have taken sides in ' tjie great political questions which r-.gi tate our country are conducted with dig nitv anil moderation it is fo be expect ed that men siiould have decided opinions and strong feelingson such important and exciting topics hat this is no justifica tion for making oar popular prints week ly or daily vehicles for stirring up the peo ple with malice and hatred agai-tst one another maligning the motives and black ening he characters of our public men so lhat at length each party is .-,,, ihor aughlv envenomed as lo believe that its antagonist has not a particle of honesty or patriotism left in it what a mourn ful comment ary on these remarks is af ; forded by the late desperate and atrocious rencontre in the very capital of virginia ! here wen two men ol ihe first respecta bility iu one oflhe foremost states of this union yet in consequence ofthe long ex asperation kept up by conducting two great party papers â€” at length driven to settle their disputes by a combat almost unparalleled for its ferocity in the wild est regions of our wide-spread countrv â€” but 1 must stop this strain â€” 1 hail no idea when i sat down of falling into this chan nel my only object was to congratulate you on your neutral position and the hap py necessity laid upon you by the nature of publication to avoid this dangerous ground on which even the calmest tem per and the most dangerous spirits tire so apt to slide â€” your good destiny it is to labour to make men sober â€” sober in their refreshments and as a very closely link ed consequence sober in their opinions sober in their passions sober in iheir prin ciples sober in their schemes i say "' as a closely-linked consequence ;" for on ac count of the nice and subtle connexion between our corporeal and mental'sys tems let a man's animal system be heat ed by liquor and as tin almost necessary consequence hhopinions will be more ex travagant his passions more excitable his principles more at the mercy of these ac cidental emotions and his schemes ! â€” oh sir who can tell how many foolish ruin ous bargains have been made ter dinner ! f men will drink let them at least do all tie ir business before nine but sir i am swelling into an article u hat 1 only intended as the preface to an article which i lately met with in an ex cellant little tract by the celebrated dr channing of boston this tract is en titled self culture and is published in the form of a neat little volume which 1 picked up the other day on a friend's cen tre table the whole tract with the ex ception of one short passage lo which a southern man might object i consider re plete with most valuable matter adapted to the instruction of all both educated and uneducated it was delivered as a lecture for the benefit of those who get iheir living by manual labour and yet is so profound and philosophical in its views as well as abounding in common sense and noble feeling that no one i will ven ture to say can read it without benefit â€” its perusal would hardly occupy more than an hour and 1 think you could not do better mr editor than print it in de tached parts as you find room which i think you will be prompted to do upon reading it 1 give the present morceau as a specimen it being more immediately relative to the design of your paper 1'horeo i proceed to another important means ol self culture and this is the control of the animal appetites to raise the mor al and intellectual nalurc we must put down the animal sensuality is the a 7 5 ' byss in which very many souls are plun ged aud lost among tbe must prosper ous classes what a vast amount of intel lectual life is drowned in luxurious ex cesses it is one great curse of wealth that it i.s used to pampar the senses and among the proper classes though luxury is wanting yet a gross feeding often pre vails under which lhe spirit is whelmed it is a sad sight to walk through oar streets and to see how many countenan ces bear marks of a lethargy and a bru tal coarseness induced by unrestrained indulgence whoever would cultivate the soul must restrain the appetites i am not an advocate for the doctrine that animal food was not meant for man ; hut this is used among us to excess that as a people we should gain much in cheerful ness activity and buoyancy of mind by less gross and stimulating food i am strongly inclined to believe above all let in urge on those who would bring out and elevate their higher nature to ab stain from the use of spirituous liquors â€” this bad habit is distinguished from all others by the ravages it makes on therea son the intellect ; and this effect is pro duced to a mournful extent even when jrunkenness is escaped not a few men ailed temperate and who have learned n abstaining from the use of ardent spir ts lhat for years their minds had been douded impared by moderate drinking without their suspecting the injury mul itudes in this city are bereft of half their ntellectual energy by a degree of indul gence which asses for innocent oi all he foes of the working class this is lhe leadliest nothing has done more to ceep down this class to destroy their sell espect to rob ihem of their just influence nthe community to render profitless the neans of improvement within their reach nan the use of ardent spirits as a drink fh.-y are called on to withstand this prac ice,as they regard their honor and would ake iheir just place in society they i ire under solemn obligations to every ef j brt for its suppression they ought to re gard as iheir enemies hough uninten \ ionallysuch as the enemies of iheir rights ! lignity and influence the men who de sire to hood city and country with distilled oison i lately visited a flourishing vil tge and on expressing lo one of the re spected inhabitants the pleasure i felt in vitnessing so many signs of progress he eplied the one or the ca.u-.r-a ofthe pros , erity 1 witnessed was the disuse ol ar lent spirits ly the people and this re formation we may be assured wrought something higher than outward prosperi y in almost very family so improved ive cannot doubt that the capacities of j he parent for intellectual find moral im irovement were enlarged and the meat f education made more effectual to the hild i call on working men to take | hold of lhe cause of temparance as pecu liarly their cause these remarks an the nor needed in consequence of the efforts made far and wide to annul at the pre sent moment a recent law for lhe sup pression ol the sale of ardent spirits i'i such quantities as favor intemperance 1 know that ihere are intelligent and good men who believe that in enacting this law government transcended its limits left . its true path and established a precedent for the legislative interference with all our pursuits and pleasures no one here looks more jealously on government lhan myself but i maintain that this is a case which stands by itself which can be confounded with no other and on which government from its very nature and end is peculiarly bound to act let it never be torgotten that the great end of government ils highest function is not to make roads grant charters originate improvements but to prevent or repress crimes against individaul rights and so cial order for this end it ordains a pe nal code erects prisons and indicts fear ful punishments now if it be true that a vast proportion of the crimes which government is instituted to prevent and repress have their origin in the use of ar dent spirits ; if our poor-houses work-hou ses jails alid penitentiaries are tenanted in a great degree by those whose first and chief impulse to crime came from lhe distillery and dram-shop ; if murder anil theft lhe most fearful outrages on proper ty and life are most frequently the issues and consummation of intemperance is not government bound to restrain by legisla tion the vending ofthe stimulous to those terible social wrongs i is government never to act as a parent never to remove the causes or occasions of wrong doing ? lias it but one instrument for repressing crime namely public infamous punish ment an evil only inferior to crime ? is government a usurper does it wander be yond its sphere by imposing restraints on an article which does no imaginable good which can plead no benefit conferred on body or mind which unfits the citizen for the discharge of his duty to his country and which above all stirs up men to the perpetration of most of the crimes from which it is the highest and most solemn oilice of goverement to protect society ?" one of the meanest and must contemptible acts on earth is tn slander an unprotected and friendless woman yes but ihere is one thing far meaner it is for a woman sheltered by the immunities of her sex to outrage the tl-elings of a high mind ed man scenes axd developments in tiie senate the national intelligencer of the 2nd inst says : a debate of unusual interest sprang up in ihe senate yesterday some what unexpectedly mr ashley of ar kansas had the floor on the oregon sub ject and was expected to proceed at one o'clock at a quarter before one mr speight intimated thata senator from mis souri mr benton would be glad of a few minutes to make an explanation before the regylar debate proceeded thereup on the order of the day was called for and mr benton rose a very thrilling scene ensued â€” a scene not more thrilling than it was important in its bearing on the great question of peace or war mr ben ton's observations as well as those which followed them will be found reported in their proper place in another part of our paper it will be recollected that in the debate on monday mr webster suggested that the united states had acknowledged the fact that the forty-ninth parallel of lati tude had been established by the treaty of utrecht as a boundary a least on this side of the rocky mountains mr cass on tuesday argued on the contrary that no line had ever been determined under the treaty of utrecht and was understood to say that if it could be established that such line of demarcation between the english and french colonies had been de termined under the treaty of utrecht he would never say another word in favor of 51 deg 40 min the honorable senator from missouri yesterday took up this gage j and with what success the public will judge from a perusal of the speech itself , its effect upon those who heard it was deep and striking mr hannegan on behalf of mr cass \ who was absent made a very animated impromptu reply which also will be found in its proper place but the position in which the distinguished and worthy sen ator from michigan stands will undoubt edly lead him to attempt an extrication as well for himself as for the fifty-four forty party which according to mr benton is becoming small by degrees and beauti fully less the oregon question the special order of the day having been announced and mr ashley being entitled to the floor â€” mr speight requested mr a lo waive his right to he floor for a few mo ments to enable a senator to make an ex planation mr ashley acceded to the request i mr s and consented to yield the floor w hereupon â€” mr benton said he did not rise to make any speech hut merely to vindicate histo ry and the intelligence ofthe senate from an error info which the senator from mi chigan not now in his seat mr cass had fallen yesterday in relying on mr greenhow's book on oregon that book maintained that the commissaries had ne ver acted under the treaty of utrecht had never established the limits between lhe british and french possessions in north america had done nothing on the subject and the senator from michigan holding mr greenhow to be right had adopted his opinion and laid so much stress upon the fact of the action of these com missaries as to make his future conduct upon the oregon question dependant upon it if mr greenhow was wrong and the commissaries had acted and established the parallel of 41 degrees and this fact was prov.-d he mr b understood the senator from michigan to say that he would give up the russian limit of 54 de grees 40 min and never say anv thing more about oregon north of 49 degrees this is a penalty which mr b would not have imposed it was giving to the line of the treaty of utrecht a consequence and importance which he would not have at tributed to it but the senator from mi chigan had judged lor himself and judged deliberately ; for his speech was well pre pared and it was his own act to make his future conduct dependant upon the cor rectness of mr greenhow's opinion which he had quoted and adopted mr b would show by the highest evidence that the commissaries did act ; that they did estab lish the limits between france and great britain in north america and that the 49 h parallel was one of the lines estab lished ; and having shown this he would make no argument upon it would make no application of the fact but content himself with vindicating history at an es sential point and leave it to the senator from michigan to give it the influence upon his own conduct which he should think proper mr b then made a statement introduc tory to the proofs which he meant to in troduce and showing how the treaty of utrecht had become applicable to this question of boundary between the united states and great britain it grew out of the purchase of louisiana and was coe val with that purchase it was known to every body that the northwestern cor ner ol the united states could not be clos ed because there was an impossible call in the treaty of 17s3 it called for a due west curse from the lake of the woods to the mississippi when such coarse would never strike the mississippi tbe lake be ing north of the head of that river upon the supposition that the line due west from the lake would strike the river tbe right of its free navigation was granted to the british by the treaty of peace ; but on finding that tbe line would not strike the river the struggle began between the two countries on the part of the british to deflect the line to turn it down southwest and thus get to the river and with this arrival upon that stream come to the en joyment of its navigation the struggle on the part of the united states was to prevent this consequence â€” to close the line without yielding the navigation : and this contest had continued twenty years when a treaty was signed in london to terminate this contest it was in the year 1803 mr jefferson being president and mr rufus king minister in london for in those days ministers were not so ra pidly changed upon a change of adminis tration as has sometimes since occurred the fifth article ofthe treaty then sign ed deflected the line so as to reach the mississippi on the shortest course ; and this was done in conformity to instruc tions from the government of the united states this treaty was signed in the spring of 1803 ; and it so happened that about the same time â€” namely twelve days before the signature of the treaty in london the treaty without the know ledge of mr king for the sale of louisi ana to the united states was signed â€” the two treaties arrived in the u states together and mr jefferson immediately saw the advantage which the louisiana treaty gave him in cutting off forever the british both from the navigation of the mississippi and from the whole valley of that river the most accomplished di plomatist in america â€” perhaps equal to any in europe â€” he saw at once that the acquisition of louisiana put us in the shoes of the french in all tbeir treaties appli cable to that province ; that it especially made us a party to the treaty of utrecht ; gave us the benefit ofthe line 11 estab lished under that treaty ; and he imme diately determined to recommend to the senate the rejection ofthe fifth article of the treaty signed at london and to rely afterwards upon the utrecht treaty as a matter of right to force the british outof the valley of the mississippi the senate con curred with him they rejected the fifth article ofthe treaty and then the double duty presented itself to be performed at london the rejection of the article ofthe treaty was to be justified : the treaty of utrecht was to be plead against the british to put an i ml to their darling desire to obtain the navigation of the mississippi the first was a delicate duty the non-ratifi cation of a treaty concluded under in structions except for good cause is by the law of nations an injury to the ad verse power implying a breach of faith but little short of the enormity of violating the same treaty after its ratification to show this good cause â€” to justify ourselves for a seeming breach of faith â€” was the immediate care ol mr jefferson ; and im mediately after the senate bail acted up on the two treaties namely on the 14th of february 1804 mr madison secre tary of state wrote to mr monroe mr king having asked leave to return when he had concluded his treaty lo bring this delicate business before the british gov ernment and satisfy them at once upon the point of the non-ratification of the fifth article the treaty of utrecht furnished the justification and mr monroe was in structed to urge it accordingly mr b said this extraordinary state ment brought him to the production of his authorities he would now have recourse to the language of others and would read a paragraph from the first letter of mr madison to mr monroe on this subject : " if the fifth article be expunged the north â€¢ boundary of louisiana will as is reasonable remain the saiie in the hands of the united stales as it was in ibe hands of fiance and â€¢ may be adjusted and established according lo ' the principles and authorities which in that 1 case have been applicable there is reason ' to believe that the boundary between louis 1 iana and the british territories north of it svere actually lived by commissioners appointed un ' der the treaty of l'trecht and lhal ihis bound - ary was to run from the lake of the woods ' westwardly in latitude 49 degrees : in which case the fifth article would in nugatory a ihe ' line from the lake of the woods to the near ' est source of tie mississippi would run through 4 territory which on both sides of the line would ' belong to the united states annexed is a â€¢ paper stating the authority on which the dt-ei â€¢ inti of the commissioners under the treaty of ' utrecht res*s on the reasoning opposed lothe 1 construction making the 49th degree of iaii - tude the northern boundary of louisiana with marginal notes in support of that construction ' this paper will put you more readily into pos ' session ofthe subject as it may enter into your discussions with lhe british government but ynu will perceive the necessity of recurring to the proceedings of tbe commissioners as the source of authentic information these are ' not within our reach here and it must con-e ' quently be left to your own researches and ' judgment to determine tl.e proper use to be 1 made of them mr b remarked upon the language of this extract the fact of the commissa ries having acted was assumed for certain the precise terms of their act and the con struction of those terms was not exactly known : and mr monroe was directed to examine the proceedings of tho commis saries in london â€” to ascertain the partic ulars â€” and to aet according to his judg ment mr monroe did so and found not the least difficulty on either branch of his duty the justification tor the non-rati fication oflhe boundary clause seems to have been admitted without a word nor did the other branch of the subject en counter the least difficulty the utrecht treaty carried all through but let mr monroe speak for himself in his letter to mr madison of september s 1804 he says : " we then proceeded lo examine the conven ' tion respecting tbe boundaries in the light in ' which the ratification lo lhe president present ' ed it on lhat subject ais i omitted nothing ' which the documents in my possession ena ' bled me to say in aid of which i thought it ' advisable a few days afterwards to send his ' lordship a note explanatory of the motives 1 which indue 1 the preside nl 1.111 senate tode cline ratifying the fifth article as the affair â€¢ had become by lhat circumstance iu soroede gree a delicate one ami as it was iu iis nature ' intricate i thought it improper to let the eipla ' nation which i had given rest on the memory â€¢ ofa sin_ie individual by committing it to pa ' per it might be better understood l.y lord ' harrowby and by the cabinet tu whom he ' will doubtless submit it in this extract resumed mr b mr monroe shows that he held a conversa tion with lord harrowby the british se cretary of state and used the utrecht treaty for both tho purposes for which he had been instructed to use it and with perfect success he also shows that un willing to leave such an important matter to the memory of an individual be drew up the substance of his conversation in writing and delivered it to lord harrow by that he might lay it before the cabi net the production of this paper then is the next link in the chain ot the evi dence to be laid before the senate : and here it is : â€¢â€¢ pdj er respecting the boundary of tin united states del irered to /.,./-,/ harrowby septem ber 5 iso " by the tenth article of tin treaty of i'trocbt â€¢ ii is agreed france shall restore to great ' britain the bay and straits of hods togetb ' er with all lands seas seacoasts rivers and ' places situate in the said l>a and straits which ' belong thereunto c it is also agreed ' that commissaries shall he forthwith appointed by each power to determine within a year tbe ' limits between the sail bay of hudson aud the ' places appertaining to the french ; and also to â€¢ desci ibe and settle in like manner the bound ' aries between the other ib'uish and french ' colonies in those pails commissaries were accordingly appointed ' by each power who executed the stipulations ' of the treaty in establishing the boundaries i>r 1 posed by it they fixed the northern bounda ' iv of canada and louisiana by a line begin ' ning in the atlantic at a cape or promontory it 58 ."'()' north latitude ihence southwest ' wardly lo lhe bake mistasin : ihence further â€¢ southwest to the latitude of 49 north from the ' equator and along that line indeiinitely mr b stopped the reading and re marked upon the extract as far as read he saitl this was a statement â€” a state ment of fact â€” made by mr monroe to lord harrowby and which of itself es tablished the twofold fact that the com missaries did act under atreaty of utrecht and established the 49th parallel as the boundary line between france and great britain from the lake of the woods in definitely west how unfortunate that the senator from michigan had not look ed toauthentic documents instead of look ing to mr greenhow's book and becom ing its dupe and its victim if so he ne ver could have fallen into th serious er ror of denying the establishment of the line under lhe treaty of utrecht ; and the further serious error of saying that mr monroe had added nothing to mr madi son's and had left the question as doubt ful as he found if in point of fact mr monroe added the particulars of which mr madison had declared his ignorance ; added the beginning the courses and the ending ofthe line ; and stated lhe whole with the precision ofa man who had ta ken his information from the proceedings of the commissaries and to whom did in deliver tins paper .' to a british se cretary of slate t be ] i i before the king in cabinet council and to be used against the power who was a party to the treaty and what did lord harrowby say ? deny the act like the senate who i so unfortunate as to follow mr green how or even resist tl argument result ing from the tact i not at till he made no objection to either the fact or the in ference and mr monroe thus proceeded to apply ins facts and to urge the exclu sion ofthe ib-itisi f rorr - the navigation of the mississippi and its entire valley as a matter of right under the utrecht trea ty and by i!k provisions of which they could hold no territory south of 49 hear him : 'â€¢ by mitchell's map by which the treaty of ' 17 un formed i : ,,; '- evident that the north â€¢ western point ofthe lake nf i woo was a lea-i a high north n tie latitude of iff â€¢ by the ohse rial ions of mr thompson astron ' omerto tie northwestern company it appears ' t i in latitude 49 j7 by joining then tin western boundary of canada to it north ' ern in lie lake nf tie woods and closing â€¢ both there it follows that it was tie obvious in ' ti-iiiiuii of the ministers who negotiated the treaty and of their respective governments that tie united states should possess all lhe â€¢ territory lying between th lake and the miss ' issippi south of th parall.-l ofthe 49th degree ' of north latitude phi is confirmed by the courses which are afterwards pursued bv the ' treaty since they are precisely those which â€¢ had been established between great britain ' and france in former treaties by running " die west from tho northwestern point of the ' lake of the woods to the mississippi it must