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PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN marno.lecture.ub.ac.id The five challenges 1.Balancing future demand and supply sustainably. 2.Ensuring the adequate stability in food supplies. 3.Achieving global access to food and ending hunger. 4.Contribution of the food system to the mitigation of climate change. 5.Maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services while feeding the world.

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WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE? marno.lecture.ub.ac.id 1.Reduces inputs. 2.Uses ecological pest and weed management strategies. 3.Cycles nutrients back into the soil for fertility and health. 4.Strengthens rural and urban communities. 5.Produces viable farm income. 6.Promotes healthy family and social values. 7.Brings the consumer back into agriculture.

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WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE? marno.lecture.ub.ac.id Examples of sustainable agricultural management practices: 1.Select species & varieties that are resistant to pests & diseases – well suited to site 2.Diversify crops and cultural practices to enhance the farm’s biological and economic stability 3.Manage soil as a living resource 4.Conserve soil & protect it from erosion 5.Manage water to improve conservation & storage, reduce salinity and protect ground water from contamination

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… Permaculture is... …… a branch of ecological engineering, that develops self- maintained agricultural systems from natural ecosystems. The core of permaculture are: 1.Care for the earth : Provision for all life systems to continue and multiply. 2.Care for the people : Provision for people to access those resources necessary for their existence. 3.Return of surplus : Reinvesting surpluses and wastes back into system to recycle into usefulness.

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PERMACULTURE…... Seven Principles of Permaculture: 1.Conservation - Use only what is needed. 2.Stacking functions - In permaculture we speak about getting many yields (outputs) from one element (thing) in your system. 3.Repeating functions - We meet every need in multiple ways. 4.Reciprocity - Utilize the yields of each element to meet the needs of other elements in the system. 5.Appropriate scale - What we design should be on a human scale and doable with the available time, skills, and money that we have 6.Diversity - We want to create resilience by utilizing many elements. 7.Give away the surplus - Create systems that are abundant and share the abundance rather than hoarding it for ourselves.

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. Permaculture is ……. ….. Permanent Agriculture "The more you understand, the more you can put nature to work for you, the less you need.“

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.. Permaculture is……. ‘Back to nature’.. ….. a contraction of “permanent” and “agriculture.” Instead of using artificial fertilizer, herbicides and pesticides, instead of watering and irrigation, instead of planting in straight lines and single species, permaculture uses natural techniques to grow food and conserve resources like soil and water. It is sustainable farming, organic farming.

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..Permaculture is ….. Mayan Agro-Forestry Systems: a wide diversity of edible and medicinal plants. The banana circles and swales, are integrated into the forest gardens. “Pekarangan”

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….Permaculture is……... Agroforestry: The traditional landuse systems which combine trees spatially and/or temporally with agricultural crops and/or animals. It combines elements of agriculture with elements of forestry in sustainable production systems on the same piece of land.

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…Permaculture is … perm.html. Integrated Mushroom & Duck Agroforestry System Integration of ducks into the laying yard brings more yields for the farmer, promotes effective slug control, and better utilized forest ecosystems in the farm landscape. Ducks are an under appreciated farm asset with the potential to sustainably manage pests while providing high quality products for market.

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PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN Alley cropping requires tress to be planted in rows, and then crops are planted between the rows of said trees. Before the growing season, the pruned tree clippings will be used a type of living mulch to protect crops from wind and erosion, lock in heat and moisture, and provide additional nutrients (and soil organic matter) for the crops..

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PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN. Agroforestry System in South and Central America. This is an example of people taking their future into their own hands.

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PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN. THE YOUNG ARE THE FUTURE Educating the next generation is very important, and it is often easier to change the ways of the young than of older people.

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PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN. Brighter prospects for cassava Demand for cassava starch continue to increase in the world, in the next years cassava as raw material for food, confectionery, beverages and ethanol.

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PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN. GM sugarcane trial planting The GM sugarcane was developed in the US by Syngenta. The variety is tolerant to herbicides, pests and the stem borer.