Latest revision as of 09:07, 13 April 2007

Calendar-year basis - A subscription supplied on a January to December schedule.

Cancellation - For serials, the termination of a subscription or a standing order. Publisher policies often dictate that cancellations for subscriptions can take effect only upon expiration of the billing period.

CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) - A physical medium used to store digital data. Specifically, a CD-ROM is a type of compact disc that is read-only, which means that once the data has been recorded onto it, it can only be read, or played.

Character - In computer software, any symbol that requires one byte of storage. This includes all the ASCII and extended ASCII characters, including the space character. In character-based software, everything that appears on the screen, including graphics symbols, is considered to be a character. In graphics-based applications, the term character is generally reserved for letters, numbers, and punctuation. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/character.html)

Character-based User Interface - See CHUI.

Character string - A series of characters manipulated as a group. A character string is often specified by enclosing the characters in single or double quotes. For example, WASHINGTON would be a name, but 'WASHINGTON' and "WASHINGTON" would be character strings. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/character_string.html)

Charge to - See Bill to.

Check-in - The act of recording issue specific receipt of serial publications in a library. Check-in records may be maintained on manual files or in automated serials control systems.

CHUI - (Character-based User Interface) - The traditional means by which users have interacted with their computers, based on the display of ASCII characters and user input from the keyboard.

Circulation - 1. The average number of issues of a periodical distributed on a regular, ongoing basis. 2. The number of subscribers to a periodical. 3. The activities associated with borrowing materials from library collections.

Claim - 1. A notice sent to a vendor or publisher that an order has not been received within a reasonable amount of time. 2. A notice sent to a vendor or publisher that a volume or issue due on a standing order or subscription either has not been received or has been received in damaged condition and a replacement is needed. [ALA Glossary, modified]

Claim report - A response from a vendor or publisher to a library on the status of a library's claim for expected material not received on subscription or standing order. Also known as a claim check.

Click-on license - See Shrinkwrap agreement.

Click-through-License - See Shrinkwrap agreement.

Clickwrap - See Shrinkwrap agreement.

Client-Server Architecture - A network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server. Servers are powerful computers or processes dedicated to managing disk drives (file servers), printers (print servers), or network traffic (network servers ). Clients are PCs or workstations on which users run applications. Clients rely on servers for resources, such as files, devices, and even processing power. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/client_server_architecture.html)

Clip art - Artwork or other graphic material in electronic form stored in any of a number of specialized formats (e.g. TIFF, JPEG, BMP). See also TIFF, JPEG, and BMP.

CODEN - A concise, unique, alphanumeric code assigned to serial and monographic publications and used as an unambiguous, permanent identifier. Developed in 1963 by the American Society for Testing and Materials for scientific and technical publications, but since expanded in scope. In 1975 Chemical Abstracts Service assumed responsibility for the assignment and dissemination of CODEN designations. [ALA Glossary]

Com catalog - See Computer output microform catalog.

Combination rate - A special, discounted rate given by a publisher to a customer who places subscriptions for a particular combination of two or more publications with that publisher. The publisher determines which publications are eligible for this rate.

Combination subscription - A subscription that includes more than one title. Memberships with some societies often include a subscription to some or all of the society's publications. A single subscription to some societies may include a package of several serial titles. Combination subscriptions may offer multiple publications at a price lower than if they were ordered separately.

Commercial journal - A journal published by a commercial or for-profit publisher, as opposed to a journal published by a not-for-profit organization such as an association or university press.

Common expiration date - The one expiration date assigned by a publisher or vendor to many of a library's subscriptions, for the purpose of consolidating invoicing, renewals, and payments.

Common Gateway Interface - See CGI.

Compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) - A nonmagnetic disk on which data is permanently recorded in the form of microscopic pits burned into the surface with a laser beam. A laser beam of lower power “reads"” the data by sensing the presence or absence of pits. A disk, twelve centimeters in diameter, stores nearly five hundred megabytes of data.

Computer output microform catalog (Com catalog) - A catalog produced by computer on microfilm or microfiche.

Concurrent use - See Simultaneous use.

Conference - A meeting of individuals, usually representatives or members, of a body or organization to conduct the business of the group and discuss topics of common interest.

Configure - Set up a computer, network, or program for a particular use.

Consecutive numbering - See Continuous numbering.

CONSER - See Cooperative Online Serials program.

Continuation - In reference to a type of publication, a part issued in continuance of a monograph, a serial, or a series. [AACR2, rev., modified] In reference to a type of order, often a synonym of Continuation order and Standing order.

Continuation order - An order to a vendor or publisher to supply the various parts of a continuation until otherwise notified. Compare with Standing order, 'Til forbid. [ALA Glossary, modified]

Continued by - In cataloging a serial that has changed title, when the succeeding title retains the numbering of the preceding title, the note in the bibliographic record that refers to the succeeding title. See also Superseded by.

Continues - In cataloging a serial that has changed title, when the succeeding title retains the numbering of the preceding title, the note in the bibliographic record that refers to the preceding title. See also Supersedes.

Continuous numbering - A method of numbering serial publications in which the issues are numbered sequentially rather than being given volume and number designations, thereby distinguishing the individual parts with unique and consecutive numbers. Also known as Consecutive numbering, Sequential numbering, Whole numbering.

Controlled circulation journal - A journal the publisher determines will be available only to designated market sectors at predetermined circulation levels. While such a journal may be available to libraries, it is intended for individual subscribers in a targeted area of interest, often at reduced rates or free of charge.

Controller - A device that controls the transfer of data from a computer to a peripheral device and vice versa. For example, disk drives, display screens, keyboards, and printers all require controllers. In personal computers, the controllers are often single chips. When you purchase a computer, it comes with all the necessary controllers for standard components, such as the display screen, keyboard, and disk drives. If you attach additional devices, however, you may need to insert new controllers that come on expansion boards. Controllers must be designed to communicate with the computer's expansion bus. There are three standard bus architectures for PCs — the AT bus, PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect), and SCSI. When you purchase a controller, therefore, you must ensure that it conforms to the bus architecture that your computer uses. (Webopedia: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/c/controller.html)

Cookies - A cookie is information that a web site puts on your hard disk so that it can remember something about the user at later time. (More technically, it is information for future use that is stored by the server on the client side of a client/server communication.)

Cooperative Online Serials program (CONSER) - A project conceived in 1973 to build and maintain cooperatively a comprehensive machinereadable database of authoritative bibliographic information for serial publications, to uphold standards, and to exercise leadership in the serials information community. Membership includes the Library of Congress, National Library of Medicine, National Agricultural Library, Government Printing Office, National Library of Canada, and participating libraries. OCLC serves as the host system. The project was formed as the Conversion of Serials project, but the name was changed in 1986.

Copies - Reproductions of all or a portion of digital information onto any one of a number of media, including computer diskette, hard-copy printout, or by exact quotation. (Licensing Digital Information: Definitions of Words and Phrases Commonly Found in Licensing Agreements: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/definiti.shtml)

Copyright - Copyright is a form of protection provided by the laws of the United States (title 17, U.S. Code) to the authors of “original works of authorship,” including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. Section 106 of the 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to do and to authorize others to reproduce the work in copies or phonorecords; to prepare derivative works based upon the work; to distribute copies or phonorecords of the work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending; to perform the work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works; to display the copyrighted work publicly, in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work; and in the case of sound recordings, to perform the work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission. More information about copyright can be obtained from the United States Copyright Office at the Library of Congress. (http://www.copyright.gov) See ALSO Public Domain.

Copyright Clearance Center - An independently organized and financed organization providing publishers and, as appropriate, authors with a centralized mechanism through which they can collect self designated fees for authorized copying of copyrighted works other than that permitted under the fair use standards of the 1976 U.S. Copyright Act (Public Law 94 553, Sec. 107). [ALA Glossary]

Copyright date - The year as it appears in the copyright notice. The 1976 U.S. Copyright Act (Public Law 94 553, Sec. 401) specifies that this will be the year of first publication. [ALA Glossary]

Corporate body - In cataloging, an organization or group of persons identified with and having some responsibility for a publication. Business firms, nonprofit organizations, associations, institutions, governments, government agencies, and religious bodies are examples of corporate bodies.

Cost-plus pricing - The practice of publishers establishing a net price for a book with no suggested retail price. Booksellers and vendors then establish a retail price that covers their costs plus profit.

Country of origin - Country of publication, as determined by the location of the editorial office responsible for the intellectual content of the publication.

Coursepacks - Copies of materials assembled by instructors to be used by students in a class, usually in lieu of or in addition to a text book. (Licensing Digital Information: Definitions of Words and Phrases Commonly Found in Licensing Agreements: http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/definiti.shtml)

Crawler - See Spider.

Credit - In serials orders, the refund due a library or vendor. Credits may result when an order is canceled, when there has been an overcharge (such as through errors in billing or fluctuations in a foreign currency), or when a title ceases prior to publication or prior to completion of the subscription period.

Credit memo - A statement confirming the amount credited to an account. Credit memos are often issued in place of checks to simplify the accounting transactions of libraries, vendors, and publishers. Credits are taken by submitting a credit memo with an invoice and deducting the amount of the credit memo from the invoice total.