When are empiric antibiotics appropriate for urinary tract infection symptoms?

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Abstract

Healthy, nonpregnant women presenting with the triad of frequency, dysuria, and no
vaginal symptoms have about a 96% chance of
having an urinary tract infection (UTI) (positive likelihood ratio [LR+]=24.6). Since no urinalysis result would substantially change the high likelihood of disease for these patients, empiric therapy is appropriate (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B).