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Abstract:

A lightweight radio/CD player for vehicular application includes a case
and frontal interface formed of polymer based material molded to provide
details to accept audio devices and radio receivers, as well as the
circuit boards required for electrical control and display. The case and
frontal interface are of composite structure, including an insert molded
electrically conductive wire mesh screen that has been pre-formed to
contour with the molding operation. The wire mesh provides shielding and
grounding of the circuit boards via exposed wire mesh pads and adjacent
ground clips.

Claims:

1. An automobile audio system housing assembly comprising: a box-like
case substantially formed of molded, polymer based material having
integrally formed side, top, bottom and rear wall portions; and at least
one rearwardly directed mounting bushing integrally formed on the rear
wall portion of said case.

2. A method of ordered screwless assembly of discrete components of an
automotive audio system comprising the steps of: providing a closure
member, an audio player subassembly, a printed circuit board subassembly,
a housing case and a trim panel, each with respective cooperating
integral engagement features; positioning said closure member on a work
surface in an inverted position; and serially applying the audio player
subassembly, printed circuit board subassembly, housing case and trim
panel to previously assembled components, whereby said respective
engagement features register and self-engage in fixed juxtaposition.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of: providing a
heat convector with integral cooperating engagement features; and
applying said heat convector to previously assembled components, whereby
said respective engagement features register and self engage in a fixed,
assembled orientation adjacent a wall of said housing case.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising the steps of: providing a
spring clip with integral engagement features; and applying said spring
clip whereby said respective engagement features register and self-engage
in a fixed, assembled orientation intermediate said housing case and heat
convector.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein said engagement features are operative
to positionally orient, slidingly guide along a fixed axis and positively
interlock said components in respective fixed final orientation.

8. A method of screwless assembly of discrete components of an automotive
audio system comprising the steps of: placing a closure member on a work
surface in an inverted position, said closure member defining an assembly
axis extending substantially normally from said work surface; axially
applying an audio player subassembly to the rear surface of said closure
member whereby cooperating engagement features integrally formed on said
closure member and audio player subassembly register and self-engage in a
fixed, assembled orientation; axially applying a printed circuit board
subassembly to a rear surface of said closure member whereby axially
extending guideways integrally formed in rearwardly extending guide
extensions of said closure member engage guide surfaces of said printed
circuit board subassembly, and whereby cooperating engagement features of
said closure member and printed circuit board subassembly register and
self-engage in a fixed assembled orientation; axially applying the open
front portion of a box-like case to the rear surface of said closure
member whereby cooperating engagement features on said closure member and
case register and self-engage in a fixed assembled orientation; applying
a heat convector to an external case surface whereby cooperating
engagement features on said case and convector register and self-engage
in a fixed, assembled orientation; inverting said assembled closure
member, audio player subassembly, printed circuit board subassembly, case
and convector, whereby the outer surface of said closure member faces
away from said work surface; and axially applying a trim panel
subassembly to the front surface of the closure member whereby
cooperating engagement features on said trim panel and closure member
register and self-engage in a fixed, assembled orientation.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein each of said steps are affected
manually.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein each of said steps are affected in
their specified order.

11. A housing assembly for an automotive audio system comprising: a first
case portion formed of a composite of relatively rigid polymer material
and electrically conductive material; and a second case portion formed
substantially of electrically conductive sheet metal, said first and
second case portions cooperating to shield at least one audio component
disposed within said housing from electrical anomalies such as RFI (radio
frequency interference). EMI (electromagnetic interference), BCI (bulk
current injection), and ESD (electrostatic discharge).

12. The housing assembly of claim 11, further comprising substructure
means operative to position and retain said at least one audio component
within said housing assembly.

13. The housing assembly of claim 11, wherein said conductive material
comprises a wire screen insert molded within said polymer material and
extending continuously along said first case portion.

14. The housing assembly of claim 11, further comprising means operative
to electrically interconnect said electrically conductive material of
said first case portion with said second case portion.

15. Hinged linkage for a push-button switch comprising: four relatively
rigid links arranged end to end in a substantially coplanar quadrilateral
polygon configuration; and hinges interconnecting adjacent ends of said
links enabling limited relative rotation about mutually parallel axes,
wherein one of said links is adapted for mounting to a switch assembly
and an opposed link is adapted for relative axially reciprocal
displacement in response to an operator input and to displace a switch
contact in response thereto.

16. The hinged linkage of claim 15, wherein said link adapted for
mounting to a switch assembly and said opposed link have substantially
parallel lines of elongation.

17. The hinged linkage of claim 16, wherein an opposed pair of spacer
links interconnect respective ends of said link adapted for mounting to a
switch assembly and said opposed link, said spacer links having
substantially parallel lines of elongation.

18. The hinged linkage of claim 15, wherein each of said four links are
elongated and are of substantially the same length in the axial
dimension.

19. The hinged linkage of claim 15, wherein said links are integrally
formed.

20. The hinged linkage of claim 15, wherein said hinges are living
hinges.

21. The hinged linkage of claim 15, wherein said hinges are integrally
formed with adjacent ends of associated links.

22. The hinged linkage of claim 15, wherein said links and hinges are
integrally formed from an electrically insulating polymer based material.

23. Hinged linkage for a push-button switch comprising: a rigid base
plate adapted for mounting to a switch assembly and extending
longitudinally between first and second spaced hinge axes; a rigid top
plate extending longitudinally between third and fourth spaced hinge
axes, wherein said first, second, third and fourth axes are mutually
parallel; a rigid front link member extending vertically between said
first and third hinge axes; a rigid rear link member extending vertically
between said second and third hinge axes; a first hinge interconnecting
said base plate and front link member for limited relative rotation
therebetween; a second hinge interconnecting said base plate and rear
link member for limited relative rotation therebetween; a third hinge
interconnecting said top plate and front link member for limited relative
rotation therebetween; a fourth hinge interconnecting said top plate and
rear link member for limited relative rotation therebetween, whereby said
top plate is relatively longitudinally displaceable with respect to said
base plate in response to an operator input and to displace a switch
contact in response thereto.

24. A switch assembly comprising: four relatively rigid links arranged
end to end in a substantially coplanar quadrilateral polygon
configuration, said links including a parallel pair of base and traveling
links and a parallel pair of front and rear spacer links; hinges
interconnecting adjacent ends of said links enabling limited relative
rotation about mutually parallel axes; a peripheral housing nestingly
containing said link arrangement, whereby said base link is rigidly
retained within said housing and said traveling link is permitted linear
reciprocal displacement between first and second limits of travel while
retaining a parallel relationship with said base link; a first electrical
contact carried for displacement with said traveling link; and a second
electrical contact fixedly carried with said housing in registration with
said first contact, whereby said contacts are spaced apart when said
traveling link is in said first limit of travel and are electrically
connected when said traveling link is in said second limit of travel,
wherein said traveling link is operable for displacement from said first
limit of travel to said second limit of travel in response to an operator
input.

25. The switch assembly of claim 24, further comprising means operative
to resiliently urge said traveling link from said second limit toward
said first limit of travel.

26. The switch assembly of claim 24, further comprising an actuator
member carried with said traveling link and extending outwardly through a
registering opening in a front face of said housing for manual operator
input.

27. The switch assembly of claim 26, further comprising a user operable
push button carried on a free end of said actuator member externally of
said housing.

28. A hinged linkage assembly for a plurality of ganged push-button
switches comprising: a plurality of sets of four relatively rigid links,
each set of links arranged end to end in a substantially coplanar
quadrilateral polygon configuration and including a parallel pair of base
and traveling links and a parallel pair of front and rear spacer links;
and hinges interconnecting adjacent ends of said links in each set
allowing limited relative rotation about mutually parallel axes, wherein
the base link from each of said link sets are integrally formed, and said
link sets are laterally spaced from one another to permit independent
reciprocal displacement of each traveling link in response to an operator
input and to displace a related switch contact in response thereto.

29. The hinged link assembly of claim 28, wherein each of said link sets
have substantially similar dimensions and cross-sectional configurations.

30. The hinged link assembly of claim 29, wherein said link sets are
formed from a common extrusion die.

31. The hinged link assembly of claim 28, wherein each of said link sets
are longitudinally registered.

32. A retention feature integrally formed with a generally planar region
of a structural member adapted to self-engage with an opening of an
adjacent structural element, said feature comprising: a bisected
frustoconical form defined by at least first and second sectors, each
sector depending from said structural member by an intermediate neck
region, said sectors defining acutely converging outer peripheral
surfaces extending approximately normally from said planar region.

33. The retention feature of claim 32, wherein said outer peripheral
surfaces converge linearly upon a feature axis of symmetry extending
normally from said planar region.

34. The retention feature of claim 32, wherein said outer peripheral
surfaces converge curvalinearly upon a feature axis of symmetry extending
normally from said planar region.

35. The retention feature of claim 34, wherein said outer peripheral
surfaces converge generally parabolically upon said axis of symmetry.

36. The retention feature of claim 34, wherein said outer peripheral
surfaces converge generally asymptotically upon said axis of symmetry.

37. The retention feature of claim 32, wherein each feature sector
defines an outer circumference within an angular range of
90.degree.-120.degree..

38. The retention feature of claim 32, wherein each of said outer
peripheral surfaces are configured to affect line contact within said
structural element opening.

39. The retention feature of claim 32, wherein each of said outer
peripheral surfaces defines at least one radially outwardly directed
extension configured to affect point contact within said structural
element opening.

40. A subassembly for an automotive audio system comprising: a CD player
case having a plurality of openings formed therein; and a mounting
bracket formed of generally planar sheet material from which a plurality
of retention features are integrally formed to register with and
self-engage within respective CD player case openings, each said
retention feature having a bisected frustoconical form defined by at
least first and second symmetrical sectors, each said sector depending
from said mounting bracket by an intermediate neck region, said sectors
defining acutely converging outer peripheral surfaces extending
approximately normally from said bracket which affect point or line
contact within said CD player case openings.

44. A self positioning, self-engaging mounting system for a CD changer
within an automotive audio system housing comprising: a box-like case
having integrally formed wall portions and a front opening disposed
generally symmetrically about a longitudinally extending assembly axis,
wherein a laterally opposed pair of inner wall surfaces each define a
complimentary set of vertically spaced, longitudinally converging
guideways; and a pair of CD changer mounting brackets secured to
laterally opposed surfaces of said CD changer and extending
longitudinally a dimension less than or nearly equaling the longitudinal
depth of said case, wherein each said bracket defines a complimentary set
of vertically spaced, longitudinally converging guide members.

45. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein said guideways extend
substantially the entire longitudinal depth of said housing case.

46. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein said guideways converge as
they extend longitudinally rearwardly.

47. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein said guideways diverge as
they extend longitudinally rearwardly.

48. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein said guideways are angularly
offset within a range of 0.5-5 degrees.

49. The mounting system of claim 48, wherein said guideways are angularly
offset by approximately 1.0 degree.

50. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein said guideways extend
substantially normally from said inner wall surfaces.

51. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein said guideways extend at an
acute angle from said inner wall surfaces.

52. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein said guideways are coplanar
with said inner wall surfaces.

53. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein when said CD changer
mounting brackets are disposed in a fully installed design intent
position, said guideways and their respective guide members establish
line-to-line or surface-to-surface contact.

54. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein at least one of said
guideways are angularly offset from said assembly axis.

55. The mounting system of claim 54, wherein each of said guideways are
substantially symmetrically offset from said assembly axis.

56. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein said guideways define a
longitudinal insertion stop limit for said CD changer brackets.

57. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein said guideways function to
simultaneously laterally, vertically and longitudinally guide said CD
changer mounting brackets.

58. The mounting system of claim 44, further comprising means operative
to effect self-locking of said CD changer mounting brackets with said
case when in the fully installed position.

59. The mounting system of claim 58, wherein said self-locking means
comprises a longitudinal extension integrally formed in at least one CD
changer mounting brackets configured to nestingly engage and establish an
interference fit within a mating recess formed within said case.

60. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein each of said respective
pairs of guideways are offset by a constant angle α, wherein each
of said respective pairs of guide members are offset by a constant angle
φ, and wherein angles α and φ are substantially equal.

61. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein at least one said CD changer
mounting bracket is formed of electrically conductive material operable
to establish an electrical ground path between said CD changer and an
electrically conductive portion of said case.

62. A lightweight automotive audio system comprising: a box-like case
having integrally formed side, top, bottom and rear wall portions and a
front opening disposed generally symmetrically about an assembly axis,
each said wall portion composed of an electrically conductive wire mesh
panel substantially circumscribed by a framework of polymer based
material integrally formed with adjacent edges of an associated wire mesh
panel; and an electrical assembly including a heat generating component
disposed within a cavity substantially defined by said case, wherein said
case affects substantially omnidirectional convection cooling of said
component.

63. The lightweight audio system of claim 62, further comprising at least
one rib traversing an associated wall panel to affect enhanced structural
rigidity thereto, said rib formed of polymer based material integrally
formed with an associated wire mesh panel and circumscribing framework.

64. A lightweight automotive audio assembly with self-grounding features,
comprising: a housing assembly formed of a relatively rigid composite
structure of polymer based material and electrically conductive material
coextensively insert molded therewith, said housing assembly including a
box-like case with integrally formed side and rear wall portions and a
front closure member; a subassembly including at least one audio
component, a base member defining a plurality of guide surfaces and at
least one electrical contact surface in-circuit with said audio
component; a system of guideways integrally formed within said case and
closure member, said guideways operative cooperatively engage said
subassembly guide surfaces to affect self-alignment of said subassembly
in a predetermined orientation within said housing assembly; and a
contact spring integrally formed with and extending from said housing
assembly configured to resiliently support an exposed portion of said
electrically conductive material and to continuously urge said exposed
portion of electrically conductive material against said electrical
contact surface to maintain an electrical connection therebetween.

65. The automotive audio assembly of claim 64, wherein at least one of
said guideways extends generally parallel with and is spaced from the
exposed portion of electrically conductive material for receiving a
portion of said base member carrying said contact surface therebetween.

66. The automotive audio assembly of claim 64, wherein said contact
spring has a characteristic line of elongation which extends normally
from the case wall from which it depends.

67. A method of laser ablating unit specific and generic data on an
external surface of a plastic automotive audio system case comprising the
steps of: confirming the presence of an audio system unit at a software
programming station; performing final programming and calibration of said
unit; performing a unit operation functionality test; assigning unit
specific data; and laser ablating said unit specific and generic data on
a predetermined portion of said external surface.

68. The method of claim 67, further comprising the step of recording said
unit specific data in memory device.

69. The method of claim 67, wherein said data is configured to be machine
readable from a vantage point external of said case.

70. The method of claim 67, wherein said data is configured to be human
readably from a vantage point external of said case.

71. The method of claim 67, further comprising the step of: constructing
said case to comprise an inner layer of material containing a pigment of
a first predetermined color, and an outer layer containing a pigment of a
second color contrasting with said first color, wherein said laser
ablating step penetrates said outer layer sufficiently to expose said
first layer material to an external observer.

72. The method of claim 71, wherein said case is a layered composite of
electrically conductive and electrically non-conductive materials.

76. A method of fabricating push buttons and assembling said push buttons
on associated individual actuator devices of an end-application
apparatus, wherein said actuator devices are arrayed in a fixed
orientation, said method comprising the steps of: simultaneously molding
at least a subset of push buttons on a common tree/gate with said subset
of buttons juxtaposed to positionally correspond with their associated
actuator devices; inserting said subset of buttons into a fixture in said
end-application orientation; trimming extraneous mold material from each
button of said subset of buttons; removing said common tree from said
subset of buttons while maintaining the subset of buttons in fixed
juxtaposition; simultaneously removing said subset of buttons from said
fixture; and simultaneously front loading said subset of buttons through
end-application apparatus trim plate openings associated with said
individual actuator devices.

77. The method of claim 76, further comprising the step of painting
selected surfaces of each button of said subset of buttons while in said
fixture.

78. The method of claim 76, further comprising the step of applying first
surface indicia to each button of said subset of buttons while in said
fixture.

79. The method of claim 76, further comprising the step of applying
second surface indicia to each button of said subset of buttons while in
said fixture.

80. The method of claim 76, further comprising the step of repeating the
steps of claim 1 for each additional subset of push buttons until each
actuator device of the end-application apparatus has an associated button
affixed thereto.

82. The method of claim 76, wherein said push buttons are configured for
back illumination and are injection molded from a combined polymer
material, fluorescing and diffusing materials.

83. The method of claim 82, further comprising the step of: applying an
opaque layer on said subset of buttons to form a graphic on each button,
wherein said opaque layer; and selectively removing at least a portion of
the opaque layer to form the graphic on each button.

84. The method of claim 83, wherein said selective opaque layer removal
is conducted via at least one of a lasing process and an etching process.

85. The method of claim 83, further comprising the step of applying a
light-passing coating layer between each molded button of the subset of
buttons and its respective opaque layer.

86. The method of claim 85, further comprising the step of coloring the
light-passing layer to reflect a daytime graphic color.

87. The housing assembly of claim 11, wherein said second case portion
comprises a one-piece multi-fold sheet metal chassis configured to
support at least one audio component subassembly.

88. The housing assembly of claim 11, further comprising a convector for
dissipating heat generated by said at least one audio component, wherein
said convector defines an exterior portion of said case.

89. The mounting system of claim 44, wherein said case is formed of a
composite of relatively rigid polymer material and electrically
conductive material operable to shield said at least one audio component
from electrical anomalies including RFI (radio frequency interference),
EMI (electromagnetic interference), BCI (bulk current injection), and ESD
(electrostatic discharge).

90. The mounting system of claim 89, wherein said electrically conductive
material comprises a wire screen insert molded within said polymer
material and extending substantially continuously along the wall portions
of said case and said front closure member.

91. The lightweight audio system of claim 62, wherein said housing
assembly includes a system of guide features integrally formed therewith
operative to effect self-alignment and engagement of said audio component
in an orientation substantially parallel to said assembly axis.

92. A method of effecting ordered screwless assembly of discrete
components of an automotive audio system comprising the steps of:
providing a closure member, an audio player subassembly, a printed
circuit board subassembly, a housing case and a trim panel, each with
respective cooperating integral engagement features, said closure member
defining a substantially planar front surface, an opposed rear surface
and a plurality of integrally formed guide means extending from said rear
surface; positioning the front surface of said closure member on a
substantially horizontally oriented generally planar work surface in an
inverted position, said closure member defining an assembly axis
extending substantially normally from said work surface; and serially
axially applying the audio player subassembly, printed circuit board
subassembly, housing case and trim panel to previously assembled
components, whereby said respective engagement features include a
plurality of integrally formed guide means extending from said closure
member to register and self-engage in fixed juxtaposition with associated
cooperating engagement features formed by said audio player subassembly,
printed circuit board subassembly, housing case and trim panel.

93. A method of effecting screwless assembly of discrete components of an
automotive audio system comprising the steps of: forming a closure member
defining a substantially planar front surface, an opposed rear surface
and a plurality of integrally formed guide means extending from said rear
surface; placing the front surface of said closure member on a
substantially horizontally oriented generally planar work surface in an
inverted position, said closure member defining an assembly axis
extending substantially normally from said work surface; axially applying
an audio player subassembly to the rear surface of said closure member
whereby cooperating engagement features formed by said audio player
subassembly register and self-engage with at least one of said guide
means in a fixed, interconnected orientation; axially applying a printed
circuit board subassembly to the rear surface of said closure member
whereby substantially parallel opposed guide surfaces formed by said
printed circuit board subassembly slidingly register and self-engage with
cooperating opposed axial guideways defined by another of said guide
means of said closure member in a fixed interconnected orientation;
axially applying the open front portion of a box-like case to the rear
surface of said closure member whereby cooperating engagement features on
said closure member and case register and self-engage in a fixed
interconnectecd orientation to enclose and to simultaneously redundantly
affix said audio player subassembly and printed circuit board subassembly
therein; applying a heat convector to an external case surface whereby
cooperating engagement features on said case and convector register and
self-engage in a fixed, interconnected orientation; inverting said
assembled closure member, audio player subassembly, printed circuit board
subassembly, case and convector, whereby the outer surface of said
closure member faces away from said work surface; and axially applying a
trim panel subassembly to the front surface of the closure member whereby
cooperating engagement features on said trim panel and closure member
register and self-engage in a fixed, interconnected orientation.

94. An automotive audio system comprising: a closure member defining a
substantially planar front surface, an opposed rear surface and a
plurality of integrally formed guide means extending from said rear
surface, the front surface of said closure member adapted for temporary
assembly placement on a substantially horizontally oriented generally
planar work surface in an inverted position, said closure member defining
an assembly axis extending substantially normally from said work surface;
an audio player subassembly axially applied to the rear surface of said
closure member whereby cooperating engagement features formed by said
audio player subassembly register and self-engage with at least one of
said guide means in a fixed, interconnected orientation; a printed
circuit board subassembly axially applied to the rear surface of said
closure member whereby substantially parallel opposed guide surfaces
formed by said printed circuit board subassembly slidingly register and
self-engage with cooperating opposed axial guideways defined by another
of said guide means of said closure member in a fixed interconnected
orientation; an open front portion of a box-like case axially applied to
the rear surface of said closure member whereby cooperating engagement
features on said closure member and case register and self-engage in a
fixed interconnectecd orientation to enclose and to simultaneously
redundantly affix said audio player subassembly and printed circuit board
subassembly therein; a heat convector to an external case surface applied
whereby cooperating engagement features on said case and convector
register and self-engage in a fixed, interconnected orientation; and a
trim panel subassembly axially applied to the front surface of the
closure member whereby cooperating engagement features on said trim panel
and closure member register and self-engage in a fixed, interconnected
orientation.

95. An automotive audio system comprising: a closure member defining a
generally planar front surface, an opposed rear surface, and a plurality
of integrally formed axially and/or laterally extending guide surfaces,
wherein the front surface of said closure member is adapted for temporary
placement on a generally planar work surface in an inverted position
during final assembly of discrete components and subassemblies of the
audio system, said closure member defining an assembly axis extending
generally normally from said work surface; an audio player subassembly
forming at least one integral engagement feature including an axially
extending engagement surface configured to cooperatively engage an
associated one of said closure member guide surfaces during the assembly
process, wherein said audio player subassembly is applied to the closure
member along said assembly axis whereby said at least one engagement
feature formed by said audio player subassembly registers and
self-engages with said cooperating closure member guide surface to
axially guide said audio player subassembly between an initial
spaced-apart position and an installed position during its application
and self-supporting said audio player subassembly in said installed
position in at least two offset directional axes disposed parallel to the
front surface of said closure member; a circuit board subassembly forming
at least one integral engagement feature including an axially extending
engagement surface configured to cooperatively engage an associated one
of said closure member guide surfaces during the assembly process,
wherein said circuit board subassembly is applied to the closure member
along said assembly axis whereby said at least one engagement feature
formed by said circuit board subassembly registers and self-engages with
said cooperating closure member guide surface to axially guide said
circuit board subassembly between an initial spaced-apart position and an
installed position during its application and self-supporting said
circuit board subassembly in said installed position in at least two
directional axes disposed parallel to the front surface of said closure
member; and an open front portion of a box-like housing case forming at
least one integral engagement feature including an axially extending
engagement surface configured to cooperatively engage an associated one
of said closure member guide surfaces during the assembly process,
wherein said housing case is applied to the closure member along said
assembly axis whereby said at least one engagement feature formed by said
housing case registers and self-engages with said cooperating closure
member guide surface to axially guide said housing case between an
initial spaced-apart position and an installed position during its
application and self-supporting said housing case in said installed
position in at least two directional axes disposed parallel to the front
surface of said closure member, said housing case cooperating with said
closure member to enclose and to simultaneously redundantly affix said
audio player subassembly and circuit board subassembly therein in three
mutually normal axes.

96. The automotive audio system of claim 118, further comprising a heat
convector forming at least one integral engagement feature including an
engagement surface configured to operatively engage an axially and/or
laterally extending guide surface formed on an outer wall surface of said
housing case, whereby said respective at least one heat convector
engagement feature registers and self-engages with said associated at
least one case guide surface to guide said heat convector between an
initial spaced-apart position and an installed position during its
application and self-supporting said heat convector in said installed
position in at least two offset directional axes.

97. The automotive audio system of claim 95, further comprising a trim
panel subassembly forming at least one integral engagement feature
including an axially extending engagement surface configured to
cooperatively engage an associated closure member guide surface, wherein
said trim panel assembly is axially applied to said closure member along
said assembly axis, whereby said at least one trim panel subassembly
engagement feature registers and self-engages with said associated
closure member guide surface to axially guide said trim panel subassembly
between an initial spaced-apart position and an installed position during
application and self-supporting said trim panel subassembly in said
installed position in at least two offset axes disposed parallel to the
front surface of the closure member.

98. The automotive audio system of claim 95, wherein said at least one
audio player subassembly engagement feature forms an interference fit
with said associated cooperating guide means to affect fixed axial
interconnection therebetween when in said installed position.

99. The automotive audio system of claim 95, wherein said circuit board
subassembly engagement features form an interference fit with said
associated cooperating guide means to affect fixed axial interconnection
therebetween when in said installed position.

100. The automotive audio system of claim 95, wherein said at least one
case engagement feature forms an interference fit with said associated
cooperating guide means to affect fixed axial interconnection
therebetween when in said installed position.

101. The automotive audio system of claim 95, wherein said at least one
trim panel subassembly engagement feature forms an interference fit with
said associated cooperating guide means to affect fixed axial
interconnection therebetween when in said installed position.

102. An automotive audio system comprising: a housing assembly
substantially formed of injection molded polymer based material including
a box-like case having integrally formed side, top, bottom and rear wall
portions defining a front opening disposed generally symmetrically about
an assembly axis, and a closure member defining a front face disposed
generally normal to said assembly axis; an audio player subassembly; and
a circuit board subassembly, wherein said case, closure member, audio
player subassembly and circuit board subassembly each define cooperating
integral engagement features including axially extending guide surfaces,
and wherein said respective engagement features register and self-engage
said case, front closure member, audio player subassembly and circuit
board subassembly in fixed juxtaposition in at least two offset
directional axes disposed parallel to the front face of the closure
member.

103. The automotive audio system of claim 102, further comprising a
vehicle operator accessible trim panel including integral engagement
features configured to register and self-engage with said case and/or
closure member engagement features.

104. The automotive audio system of claim 102, further comprising an
external heat sink including integral engagement features configured to
register and self-engage with said case engagement features.

105. A method of fabricating an electrical system housing assembly
including a box-like case having wall portions enclosing at least one
electrical component, said method comprising the steps of: forming a case
preform of sheet material comprising at least one layer of electrically
conductive material capable of shielding said electrical component from
electrical anomalies, said preform comprising a plurality of wall panels
interconnected along adjacent edges thereof by living hinges, wherein
exposed surfaces of said wall panels are disposed in a substantially
co-planar orientation; providing a plurality of cooperating engagement
features affixed to said preform adjacent said wall panel edges; mounting
said electrical component to an exposed surface of at least one of said
preform wall panels; folding said preform panels at respective right
angles to form said case; and affixing respective pairs of said
engagement features to retain said case in a three-dimensional
configuration.

106. The method of claim 105, wherein at least portions of said living
hinges exclusively comprise said electrically conductive material.

107. The method of claim 105, wherein said preform comprises at least one
layer of relatively rigid polymer material and at least portions of said
living hinges exclusively comprise said polymer material.

108. The method of claim 105, wherein said case is self-supporting.

109. A method of fabricating an electronic system housing assembly
including a box-like case having a plurality of wall portions enclosing
at least one electronic component, said method comprising the steps of:
forming a sheet of composite material comprising at least one layer of
relatively rigid polymer material and at least one layer of electrically
conductive material capable of shielding said audio component from
electrical anomalies; shaping a planer case preform comprising a
plurality of wall panels interconnected along adjacent edges thereof by
living hinges formed at least by one of said constituent materials;
providing a plurality of cooperating engagement features affixed to said
preform adjacent said wall panel edges; affixing said electronic
component to one of said preform wall panels; folding said preform panels
at respective right angles to form said case; and affixing respective
pairs of said engagement features to retain said case in a
three-dimensional configuration to fixedly support said electronic
component.

110. The method of claim 109, further comprising the step of providing at
least one electronic component guide feature affixed to said preform.

111. A method of fabricating an electronic apparatus in a shielded
housing, said method comprising the steps of: using a sheet of composite
material comprising at least one layer of relatively rigid polymer
material and at least one layer of electrically conductive material
capable of providing electromagnetic shielding, and said sheet defining a
plurality of wall panels interconnected by bendable regions, at least one
of said wall panels having an engagement feature formed along an edge of
said wall panel, said engagement feature adapted to engage at least one
of the other wall panels; locating said electronic apparatus adjacent to
at least one of said wall panels; folding said wall panels along said
bendable regions to form said shielded housing; and engaging said
engagement feature to retain said shielded housing in a three-dimensional
configuration.

112. A lightweight automotive audio system comprising: a housing assembly
substantially formed of polymer based material including a box-like case
having integrally formed side, top, bottom and rear wall portions and a
front opening disposed generally symmetrically about an assembly axis,
said housing assembly further including a front closure member
cooperating with the case to enclose audio system subassemblies within a
cavity defined by said housing assembly; at least one audio component;
and a system of guide features integrally formed with said case and
closure member operative to effect self-alignment and engagement of said
audio component in an orientation substantially parallel to said assembly
axis, wherein said housing assembly is formed of a composite of
relatively rigid polymer material and electrically conductive material
operable to shield said at least one audio component from electrical
anomalies, and wherein said electrically conductive material comprises a
wire screen insert molded within said polymer material and extending
substantially continuously along the wall portions of said case and said
front closure member.

Description:

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 13/208,795, filed
12 Aug. 2011, which is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No.
12/764,195, filed 21 Apr. 2010, which is a divisional application of U.S.
Ser. No. 11/893,357, filed 15 Aug. 2007, which claims the benefit of U.S.
Ser. No. 60/838,698 filed 18 Aug. 2006 to Chris R. Snider et al.,
entitled Lightweight Automotive Radio/CD Player and U.S. Ser. No.
60/931,467 filed 23 May 2007 to Chris R. Snider et al., entitled
Lightweight Automotive Telematic Device, all assigned to a common
assignee.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present invention relates generally to apparatus for enclosing
electrical subassemblies, and more specifically relates to apparatus for
efficiently securing subassemblies to a chassis of an electrical assembly
such as an automobile radio, compact disc playing mechanism, cassette
tape playing mechanism, navigational aid, personal computer, personal and
telematic communication devices or disk drive mechanism.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Devices such as automobile radios or personal computers contain
subassemblies such as cassette playing mechanisms or disk drives that are
attached to the chassis using threaded fasteners. The chassis provides
structural support for the subassemblies and also provides
electromagnetic shielding to limit electromagnetic interference (EMI)
experienced by, and/or created by the device. The fasteners ensure that
each subassembly within the chassis is properly located and securely
retained within the chassis.

[0004] The use of such fasteners can have numerous drawbacks, particularly
in a high volume production setting. The process for applying or
installing fasteners can vary, but there is usually some degree of
automation required, ranging from manually loading a screw into a bit on
a pneumatic driver to using self-feeding automated machines. Typically,
the torque applied by the device used to drive the fasteners must be
monitored regularly and adjusted in order to assure proper seating of the
fasteners. When fasteners are used, sheet metal tolerances, as well as
tolerances of the fasteners themselves, have to be maintained at tight
levels to allow for the minimization of stress in the assembly when
aligning multiple fasteners with corresponding holes in the chassis and
in the subassembly.

[0005] When threaded fasteners are used to assemble an electrical device,
the assembly cycle time can be very long especially in high volume
production. An operator assembling the device must typically first obtain
the threaded fastener, orient and position it in alignment with the
driver bit, then manipulate or actuate the machine to drive the threaded
fastener. Furthermore, using threaded fasteners presents a risk of any
one of the following upstream failures occurring: stripping of fastener
threads; insufficient torque resulting in an unseated fastener; excessive
torque resulting in distension/deformation of the fastener or adjacent
electrical components; installation of the wrong fastener type or size;
foreign object damage due to fasteners and/or metal shavings dropping
onto the assembly and/or subassembly; and stripping of the head of the
threaded fastener. Also, a fastener installation tool such as a driver
and bit can slip off the fastener and impact an electrical component
resulting in a damaged assembly.

[0006] If self-tapping fasteners are used, the process of driving the
self-tapping fasteners into sheet metal often causes shavings of sheet
metal to disperse into the assembly. Such shavings have been known to
cause electrical failures, such as shorts or corruption of magnetic
components that can permanently damage the product. If self-tapping
fasteners are not used, an extra production step is required to pre-form
threads in the sheet metal of the chassis and/or the subassembly to be
installed within the chassis.

[0007] Fasteners further require an additional inventory burden on the
production line in that the production line must be continuously stocked
with part numbers (fasteners) other than the integral components that add
value to the assembly. Also special tools specifically required for
assembly, using fasteners, such as drivers and bits, must be continuously
monitored and maintained for proper performance, wear and torque
specifications. Typically, the top and/or bottom surface of the chassis
must be secured in place after the subassembly is attached to the
chassis.

[0008] Special fixtures are often required on the production line to
secure a subassembly in a proper location and orientation while it is
mounted within the chassis with fasteners. Such fixtures can be very
complex, and the use of such fixtures usually requires extra handling of
both the subassembly and of the resulting assembly thereby adding to the
production cycle time and potentially compromising quality of the final
product.

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates the construction of a typical prior art
automotive radio/compact disc (CD) player 10. Radio/CD player 10
comprises a radio subassembly whose principle circuit components are
carried on a circuit board 12 and a CD player subassembly 14. The circuit
board 12 and the CD player 14 are encased within a common chassis 16 made
up of sheet metal components. Chassis 16 includes a wraparound housing 18
defining a back and sidewalls, a top cover 20, a bottom cover 22 and a
front plate 24 which are interconnected by numerous threaded fasteners to
collectively enclose the subassemblies. The top and bottom covers 20 and
22, respectively, are provided with large arrays holes or openings for
airflow and ventilation of heat generated within the radio/CD player 10.
A convector or heat sink 26 is carried on an outer surface of one of the
chassis sidewalls and is interconnected through a port/window 28 to a
power device assembly 30. A trim plate assembly 32, along with a support
pad 34 and CD dust cover 36 are affixed to the front plate 24, providing
an operator control interface with the radio/CD player 10. Circuit board
12 is electrically in-circuit with the CD player subassembly 14 through
an intermediate flex wire cable 38 and with the power device assembly 30
through a jumper cable 40. Information bearing labels 42 and 44 are
provided for future reference by the operator and service technicians.
The radio/CD player 10 is electrically interconnected with an antenna,
power supply, speakers and other related systems of a host vehicle by
rear-facing connectors 46 carried on the circuit board 12 which are
registered with openings 48 in the rear wall of wraparound housing 18.
The radio/CD player 10 is mounted within a host vehicle by threaded
fasteners passing through openings in mounting features 50 extending from
front plate 24 and a rearwardly directed mounting bushing 52 which is
threadably affixed to a stud 54 carried on the outer surface of the rear
wall 56 of wraparound housing 18. As best seen in FIGS. 11 and 12, the
shank of the stud 54 extends outwardly through a hole 58 disposed
concentrically with a localized recess 60 and the stud 54 is seated
within the recess 60. FIG. 90 illustrates another known stud design
including a threaded shank secured to the rear wall 53 of a radio set 51
by a set nut 55 and receiving a molded rubber, plastic or vinyl stud 57
thereover. Note the large number of threaded fasteners 59.

[0010] The radio/CD player 10 of FIG. 1 is of ordinary complexity and may
require fifty or more threaded fasteners to complete the manufacturing
process. Installation of that many fasteners may require that the
in-process chassis be re-positioned/re-fixtured ten to fifteen times as
it passes along an assembly line of eight to ten skilled workers/work
stations.

[0011] Vehicle entertainment systems usually include an audio component
such as a radio to enable receiving signals from antennas, contain
various forms of playback mechanisms, and have the capacity to accept
data from user devices like MP3 players. Typically, the radio has a
decorative assembly that provides man-machine interface as well as
displaying pertinent data relative to the selected media and audio
settings. Also, the back-end or chassis is constructed of metal to
provide various functions to ensure the performance of the radio in the
vehicular environment. The structure to contain the mass from playbacks,
the heat conductive properties, and the electrical shielding and
grounding are just a few of the advantages to using the metal
construction. Unfortunately, with the density of the metal, the
disadvantage of added weight is a side effect of the typical
construction. In a vehicle, added weight impacts fuel economy, as well as
other hidden costs during assembly that can effect the cost of the
product, like sharp edges of metal can be a potential hazard for
assemblers in the manufacturing plant as well as added weight can limit
the packaging of multiple parts in containers for inter and outer plant
distribution.

[0012] Thermal Management System

[0013] Devices such as automobile stereos, audio amplifiers, home stereo
systems, two-way radios, computers, signal conditioners/amplifiers,
compact disc playing mechanisms, and cassette tape playing mechanisms are
examples of products that typically require electrical components to
amplify signals and regulate power. Accordingly, such devices typically
contain numerous electrical components such as single in-line package
(SIP) amplifiers and regulators that are typically soldered into printed
circuit boards. Such electrical components generate heat in use. The heat
must be dissipated away from the electrical components to avoid damage
that can be caused by excessive temperatures in the electrical
components. For example, excessive temperatures can cause delicate
electrical leads to fail or insulating materials to melt, thereby causing
a short circuit resulting in damage to, or even failure of, the entire
electrical device.

[0014] A convector is often mounted to an outer surface of such a device
to dissipate heat generated by components by transferring the heat away
from the components and the device to the convector and then to the air
through radiation. In order to accomplish this, it is preferable that the
convector be physically in contact with the component. The components and
the convector can be pressed together to allow even better heat
conduction from the components to the convector. Sometimes an
intermediary material such as a thermal pad or silicon grease is used
between the component and the convector to assist in creating an adequate
heat transfer junction.

[0015] Many convectors are made from aluminum due to the high heat
conductivity of that material. Convectors often include a plurality of
fins to increase the effective surface area of the convector and thereby
increase the rate at which the convector can dissipate heat. Typically,
aluminum, convectors are formed by an extruding process, during which the
fins can also be formed integrally therewith.

[0016] Convectors are usually assembled to the component or components
during final assembly of the overall device in which they are used. At
final assembly, components such as SIP amplifiers are already soldered
into a printed circuit board. The order of assembly can vary as to which
component is assembled into the chassis first. The printed circuit board
can be installed into the chassis before the convector is mounted to the
printed circuit board and the chassis. Alternatively, the convector can
be mounted to the chassis before the printed circuit board is mounted to
the convector. Sometimes, the convector is assembled to the printed
circuit board to form a subassembly before being assembled to the
chassis.

[0017] Typically, components are attached to the convector using a clip
and one or more threaded fasteners that extend through a hole in the clip
and into a hole in the convector. The clip, component and convector must
all be simultaneously held in a fixture and then be fastened together
with a threaded fastener. If the component includes a hole to accept a
threaded fastener, it can be mounted directly to the convector using a
threaded fastener that extends through that hole, without using a clip.

[0018] The use of such fasteners can have numerous drawbacks, particularly
in a high volume production setting. Often, each hole in the convector
that receives a fastener must be separately drilled or punched. This is
especially true for an extruded convector if the axis of the hole is not
aligned with the direction in which the convector is extruded. The
fastening process can vary, but there is usually some degree of
automation required, ranging from manually loading a screw into a bit on
a pneumatically or electrically powered driver to using self-feeding
screw machines. Typically, the torque applied by the device must be
monitored regularly and adjusted in order to assure proper seating of the
fasteners.

[0019] The clamping force between the convector and the component should
be at a proper level to ensure sufficient heat transfer to the convector.
When fasteners are used to attach the convector to the component,
clamping force is a function of the type of fastener and its condition
and degree of assembly (e.g. the level of torque applied during
installation of the fastener). Thus, a threaded fastener that is not
seated all the way will give less clamping force than one that is seated
all the way. Or, a stripped or improper type of fastener may provide an
insufficient clamping force.

[0020] Special fixturing is often required to hold a component in the
proper location while it is mounted to the convector using one or more
fasteners. Such fixturing can be very complex and use of such fixturing
usually requires extra handling of both the component and of the
resulting assembly, thereby adding to the production cycle time and
potentially compromising quality of the final product.

[0021] When threaded fasteners are used, the assembly cycle time can be
very long, especially in high volume production. The operator must
specifically obtain the threaded fastener, bring it in contact with the
driver bit, then drive the threaded fastened. If self-tapping fasteners
are used, the process of driving the self-tapping fasteners into metal
often causes metal shavings to disperse into the assembly. Such shavings
have been known to cause electrical failures that can permanently damage
the product. If self-tapping fasteners are not used, an extra production
step is necessary to form threads in the metal of the convector.

[0022] Accordingly, there is a need for electrical assemblies that do not
require fasteners or tooling for securing a component to a convector.

[0023] Electrostatic Discharge Device

[0024] Static electricity (electrostatics) is created when two objects
having unbalanced charges touch one another, causing the unbalanced
charge to transfer between the two objects. This phenomenon commonly
occurs in homes, vehicles and other environments when the air is dry
(i.e. has a characteristic relatively low level of humidity). For
instance, when a person slides onto a car seat, electrons may transfer
between the two, causing the surface of the person's body to store a
charge. When the person, then, touches a vehicle component, the charge
may travel (discharge) from the body to the component, thus creating
static electricity. If the object touched is an electronic device, such
as a home stereo, home theatre system, computer, vehicle entertainment
system or other electronic media system, this electrostatic discharge can
be harmful to the sensitive electronic components of the device. For
instance, when a person slides onto a vehicle seat and inserts a disc
into the car stereo, a charge may travel from the body through the disc
to the sensitive electronic components in the vehicle stereo. Similar
problems may occur when using DVD and other magnetic media and disc
players.

[0027] A variety of automotive accessories, e.g., an automotive radio,
within a motor vehicle employ button switches. Traditionally, buttons for
the button switches have been fabricated and decorated (i.e., painted and
laser trimmed) individually. The buttons are then set in a separate
housing that includes a plurality of integrally formed guides for
accepting the buttons. Unfortunately, each of the buttons has required
individual fabrication and decoration, which significantly increases the
total cost of an end product so designed. Further, as the individual
buttons are actuated, they can produce a squeaking noise due to the fact
that each of the individual buttons includes a number of posts that mate
with integrally formed guides in the housing. Various automotive
accessories, such as an automotive radio, also receive inputs from rocker
switches, which, similar to button switches, have been painted and laser
trimmed and also may create noise when a user actuates the rocker switch
as the switch may engage a separate housing or trim plate. Additionally,
both button and rocker switches have generally required additional
components (e.g., springs) to provide a desired tactile feel.

[0028] Thus, what is needed is a parallel guide mechanism for a switch
that provides noiseless actuation and guided movement and allows for
material and/or component design that provides a desired actuation
tactile feel without increased component cost.

[0029] Integrated Vehicle Display Lighting Assembly

[0030] Vehicle display assemblies often use a backlit liquid crystal
display (LCD) so that the display can be viewed easily by the user.
Fluorescent light is the most common backlight source for LCDs. To ensure
that the display can be read in daytime ambient light, the display
backlighting is relatively intense.

[0031] The display assemblies may also include buttons for operating, for
example, a radio or a CD player. Current assemblies illuminate each
button with its own incandescent light source, providing backlighting and
color for any graphics on the button. Each light source may include a
colored boot to produce a desired light color for the button graphics.

[0032] As vehicles incorporate more features that require more buttons,
the number of light sources also increases. The heat generated from the
incandescent lights, however, elevates the temperature of the buttons by
as much as 20° C., enough to be noticeable by a user. Further, the
increased temperature may place undesirable thermal stress on the display
components. Thermal protection algorithms may be used to monitor the
assembly temperature and reduce the light intensity if the temperature
reaches a selected threshold until the temperature drops to an acceptable
level. Unfortunately, these systems require additional, cumbersome
circuitry for turning the button light sources on and off.

[0033] There is a need for a display assembly lighting system that can
illuminate a main display and adjacent buttons while keeping the assembly
temperature within a desirable range.

[0034] It is known in the art that illuminated display systems, such as
those found in radio receivers, compact discs, and heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning (HVAC) controllers, include a back-lit display
panel. Typically, it has been common practice to locate light pipes
between a printed circuit board and the display panel to direct light
from a light source to a portion of the display panel for controlled
illumination. However, because this location of the light pipe is
typically shared by other electrical components and mechanical structures
(i.e. button bodies, potentiometers, plastic ribs, LCD displays, etc.),
the design of the light pipe may become complex, which may affect the
efficiency of the lighting system.

[0035] Accordingly, a final design of the light pipe has often included
complex structures that weave between the electrical components and
mechanical structure. Once light is provided to an entrance port of the
light pipe, gradual changes in direction of light propagation by means of
total internal reflection on non-parallel light pipe walls tend to
introduce losses as collimation decreases. Losses in collimation also
increase the difficulty in directing light exiting the light pipe to the
specific areas of the display panel.

[0036] The complexity of such light pipe designs makes computer simulation
difficult and time consuming, which lends to prevention of design
optimization by means of iterative prototyping and expensive design
cycles drawn out with proof of concept often being delayed until
injection molded light pipe prototypes can be produced. As such, a need
exists for improving the collimation effects and efficiency of light
pipes applied in an illuminated display system.

[0037] Self-Aligned Button Retainer

[0038] There are numerous types of switch mechanisms in use today for
operating and regulating systems and components of vehicles and other
devices. The switch mechanisms can be on-off type switches, switch
mechanisms which regulate the volume, amplitude and/or intensity of
various systems, switch mechanisms which are available only for
emergency-type usage, and the like.

[0039] In automobiles and other vehicles, there are numerous types of
switch mechanisms which are used for the various electronic components
and systems that are available and in use in the vehicles. These
electronic components include windshield wipers, emergency lights, turn
signals, cruise control, power seats, power windows, heated seats,
four-wheel drive systems, overdrive systems, navigation systems, timing
systems, clocks, mileage, trip or travel systems, and the like. Many of
these mechanisms have dual functions, such as being used not only to
control, for example, the on-off status of the component or system, but
also to adjust one of its functions, such as amplitude, balance, base,
treble, etc. Many such switches utilize rocker-type buttons which pivot
or rotate around a central point or section and have two ends which are
adapted to operate or actuate certain switches or systems. Automotive
entertainment systems such as radios and CD players frequently use push
button type switches in space-saving compact arrays, with packaging space
being a premium.

[0040] Switch mechanisms are typically designed to meet various criteria
and considerations other than function. The considerations include
appearance, aesthetics, ease of assembly, positioning, ease of use,
versatility of function, and design. These considerations can affect the
size, color, type, and method of activation of the switch mechanism. The
switch mechanisms are also made from various types of materials,
including plastic, acrylic, and metal materials. In this regard, cost and
durability factors can be significant in the final selection of the
switch mechanisms to be utilized.

[0041] Although there are numerous switch mechanisms in use today which
operate satisfactorily, there is a constant need to improve the
operation, versatility and appearance of various switches, as well as to
correct problems with existing switches. For example some of the switch
mechanisms provide excess freedom of movement, have undesirable noise
problems, are too expensive, have alignment problems in the socket or
housing in which they are positioned, do not operate with the requisite
tactile "feel", or are simply too difficult to operate for the desired
function. Thus, a need exists for improved switch mechanisms,
particularly those which minimize noise problems, have improved
alignment, have the desired "feel" or can be adjusted to achieve the
desired feel, and which can be easily and simply actuated.

[0042] Interface with Personal Entertainment Devices

[0043] Vehicle entertainment systems usually include an audio component
such as a radio to enable receiving signals from antennas, contain
various forms of playback mechanisms, and have the capability to accept
data from user devices such as MP3 players. Typically, the radio has a
decorative assembly that provides man-machine interface as well as
displaying pertinent data relative to the selected media and audio
settings.

[0044] Many consumer electronic devices like the popular iPod from
MacIntosh have become mainstream must-haves for certain demographic
groups of consumers. Automobile manufacturers are developing methods to
allow the consumer to connect to the automobile's entertainment system
with their personal music device, whether it be an iPod, a memory stick
via a USB port, or a similar device. Several automobile manufacturers
such as BMW and VW/Audi have provided a pig-tail or wired connection for
an iPod in their glove box.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 127, alternative prior art approaches are
illustrated wherein a personal device is directly interconnected with the
vehicle entertainment system through a cable and phone jack plugged into
an auxiliary (aux) input in the front face of the entertainment system,
or, alternatively, plugged into a pig-tail connector located in the
vehicle glove compartment.

[0046] This arrangement enables the consumer to connect the vehicle audio
system with their personal device. Some automobile radios have an
auxiliary jack on the front of the radio. The auxiliary jack allows
playing the music, but does not necessarily allow for player control
through the radio. This requires the device be accessible for control of
the music.

[0047] The problems with the glove box approach are the potential for
damage to the device from other contents in the glove box, and the cable
connection offers no flexibility for connecting to another device. Damage
may occur to the cable as well through normal use.

[0048] The auxiliary jack method allows more flexibility for devices, but
limits the control and may incur damage through impact while a plug is
connected.

[0049] Some aftermarket radios offer a USB (Universal Serial Buss) port on
the front panel thereof, but may also incur damage due to the potential
leverage on the face of the unit when a flash memory is connected, not to
mention vehicle occupant impact issues resulting from braking and
collisions. Furthermore, connection interfaces open to the vehicle
passenger compartment environment risk system damage from foreign objects
and air-borne contamination, not to mention being aesthetically
unattractive.

[0050] With most automotive suppliers, the present generation of radios
are typically designed to fit a standard frontal area size. Typically,
the DIN standard (issued by the Deutsches Institut fur Normung, or German
Institute for Standardization) is used for either a "2DIN" or a single
"DIN" size in most radios. 2DIN radios typically have larger displays and
contain multiple disc changers integrated into the package.

[0051] With the advent of music storage devices, like flash memory and
devices like the iPod®, there is less dependency on multiple disc
changers and more desireability for the radio to communicate with the
personal music storage or music device carried by the consumer. The
rapidly changing customer market has initiated a drive to feature content
on OEM (original equipment manufacturer) supplied radios for automobiles
to provide those wants and that has an impact on interchangability and
potential safety issues.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0052] The present invention provides numerous product and process
advantages which collectively result in substantial cost and labor
savings. By way of example, the preferred design optimizes the assembly
process. It minimizes the required handling of major components and
subassemblies during the assembly cycle. Final assembly is optimized,
wherein only seven major components and subassemblies are involved. This
minimizes the number of work stations and fixtures, in-process transfers
between work stations and total assembly cycle time. The inventive design
permits selection of the optimal mechanical product configuration for a
given receiver family. Furthermore, it permits idealized electrical and
mechanical building block partitioning for common and unique elements.

[0053] The preferred embodiment of the invention contemplates screwless
final assembly without the use of tools, fixtures and assembly machines.
This greatly enhances in-process product flow in the factory, improves
scheduling of final assembly, and allows labor intensive processes such
as stick lead assembly to be largely moved off-line. This greatly reduces
both direct and indirect labor requirements. Furthermore, inventory
control is simplified inasmuch as position part proliferation is deferred
to or near the end of process.

[0054] These and other features and advantages of this invention will
become apparent upon reading the following specification, which, along
with the drawings, describes preferred and alternative embodiments of the
invention in detail.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] The present invention will now be described, by way of example,
with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0056] FIG. 1, is an exploded, perspective view of a prior art automotive
radio/CD player combination in a common chassis constructed of sheet
metal and a large number of threaded fasteners;

[0057]FIG. 2, is a front-left perspective view of the preferred
embodiment of the present invention embodied in an automotive radio/CD
player;

[0058]FIG. 3, is an exploded, perspective view of the radio/CD player of
FIG. 2, illustrating the major subcomponents and subassemblies thereof;

[0059]FIG. 4, is an exploded, perspective view of the radio/CD player of
FIG. 2, illustrating final assembly step I in the production thereof
wherein the playback mechanism and circuit board assembly are slid and
snapped to the faceplate;

[0060]FIG. 5, is an exploded, perspective view of the radio/CD player of
FIG. 2, illustrating final assembly step II in the production thereof
wherein the case is slid and snapped to the faceplate;

[0061]FIG. 6, is an exploded, perspective view of the radio/CD player of
FIG. 2, illustrating final assembly step III in the production thereof
wherein the power device retainer clip and heat sink are consecutively
anchored, pivoted and snapped to the side of the case;

[0062]FIG. 7, is an exploded, perspective view of the radio/CD player of
FIG. 2, illustrating final assembly step IV in the production thereof
wherein the trim plate assembly is snapped to the faceplate/back-end
assembly;

[0068] FIG. 13, is a fragmentary, rear plan view of a rear integral
mounting stud on an enlarged scale with a mating opening of a host
vehicle rear mounting bracket superimposed thereon in phantom;

[0069]FIG. 14, is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view taken on lines
14-14 of FIG. 13 with the mounting stud juxtaposed with pre mounting
relationship with the host vehicle mounting bracket;

[0070]FIG. 15, is a perspective view of the circuit board assembly with
ground clips installed thereon;

[0071]FIG. 16, is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view of a ground clip
and an associated portion of the printed circuit board on an enlarged
scale in assembly with an adjacent portion of the case to effect a
grounding point with the integral wire mesh;

[0072]FIG. 17, is a fragmentary, perspective view of a keypad grounding
clip integrally formed on the front side of the faceplate;

[0073]FIG. 18, is a cross-sectional view taken on lines 18-18 of FIG. 17;

[0074]FIG. 19, is a cross-sectional view taken on lines 19-19 of FIG. 17;

[0075]FIG. 20, is a cross-sectional view taken on lines 20-20 of FIG. 17;

[0077]FIG. 22, is a perspective view of the outer side (as assembled) of
an electrical power device retainer/backing clip;

[0078]FIG. 23, is a perspective view of the inner side (as assembled) of
the electrical power device retainer/backing clip of FIG. 22;

[0079]FIG. 24, is rear-left perspective view of the initial placement of
the retainer/backing clip of FIGS. 22 and 23 through a thermal port in
the left side wall of the case of the radio/CD player of FIG. 2;

[0080]FIG. 25, is a front-right perspective view of the initial placement
of the retainer/backing clip through the thermal port corresponding to
the depiction of FIG. 24;

[0081]FIG. 26, is a rear-left perspective view of the final positioning
of the retainer/backing clip in assembly with the left side wall of the
case of the radio/CD player to effect rear surface support of the three
associated electrical power devices;

[0082]FIG. 27, is a front-right perspective view of the final positioning
of the retainer/backing clip in assembly with the case of the radio/CD
player corresponding to the depiction of FIG. 26;

[0083]FIG. 28, is a rear-left perspective view of the initial placement
of a heat sink adjacent the left side wall of the case of the radio/CD
player of FIG. 2;

[0084]FIG. 29, is a rear-left perspective view of the final positioning
of the heat sink in assembly with the retainer/backing clip and the left
side wall of the case of the radio/CD player;

[0085]FIG. 30, is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view of the initial
positioning of a CD mechanism bracket with respect to a support shelf
integrally formed within the case;

[0086]FIG. 31, is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view of the CD mechanism
in an intermediate position with respect to the support shelf during its
installation;

[0087]FIG. 32, is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view of the CD mechanism
in its final installed position with respect to its associated support
shelf;

[0088]FIG. 33, is a fragmentary detail, on an enlarged scale, of the rear
end portion retention tab of the CD mechanism bracket depicted in FIGS.
30-32;

[0089]FIG. 34, is a cross-sectional view of a first portion of the
retention tab of the CD mechanism bracket taken on lines 34-34 of FIG. 33
illustrating an integral dimply/crush rib formed therein;

[0090]FIG. 35, is a cross-sectional view of another portion of the
retention tab of the CD mechanism bracket taken on lines 35-35 of FIG.
33;

[0091]FIG. 36, is an end plan view of the retention tab of the CD
mechanism bracket in its assembled position within the rear wall portion
of the case of the radio/CD player as depicted in FIG. 32;

[0092]FIG. 37, is a cross-sectional view of an alternative, lighter
weight outer case configuration in representative assembly with a
bifurcated PC board wherein wire screen mesh provides both
electromagnetic shielding as well as a significant portion of the overall
structural strength of the case;

[0093]FIG. 38, is a cross-sectional view of an alternative, guillotine or
drop in place type aluminum plate heat sink in representative assembly
with PC board mounted power ICs within a radio housing assembly;

[0094] FIG. 39, is a cross-sectional top view taken along lines 39-39 of
FIG. 38;

[0095]FIG. 40, is a broken, cross-sectional side view taken along lines
40-40 of FIG. 38;

[0096]FIG. 41, is a broken, side plan view of an alternative design
screwless resilient power clip carried on a PC board adjacent a power
device for biasing the power device towards an opposed heat sink;

[0097]FIG. 42, is a broken, side plan view of the screwless power clip of
FIG. 41 with the heat sink in its installed position within a housing,
and with the clip continuously biasing the power device against an
embossed inner surface of the heat sink;

[0098]FIG. 43, is a broken, side plan view of an alternative design
functionally similar to that of FIGS. 41 and 42, but where the power
device lead frame is partially or completely formed of resilient spring
material to replace the power clip;

[0100]FIG. 45, is a broken, top cross-sectional view of the prior art
pushbutton of FIG. 44 with the pushbutton in both a relaxed (solid line)
position and an axially offset (in phantom) position;

[0101]FIG. 46, is a cross-sectional view of the prior art rear loaded
pushbutton of FIG. 44 with the molded linkage in the relaxed position;

[0102]FIG. 47, is a cross-sectional view of the prior art rear loaded
pushbutton of FIG. 44 with the molded linkage in the flexed position;

[0103]FIG. 48, is a cross-sectional view of an inventive 4-bar molded
linkage for a rear loaded pushbutton assembly with the linkage in a
relaxed position;

[0104]FIG. 49, is a cross-sectional view of the 4-bar molded linkage for
a rear loaded pushbutton assembly of FIG. 48 with the linkage in a flexed
position;

[0105]FIG. 50, is an exploded, perspective view of an array of integrally
formed 4-bar linkage for rear loaded push button assemblies of FIGS. 48
and 49 juxtaposed with a decorative trim plate;

[0106] FIG. 51, is a process flow chart for molding, painting trimming,
singulating and installing a button set in a host end-application device
while continuously maintaining the individual buttons of the set in their
end-application juxtaposition;

[0107]FIG. 52, is a plan view of an operator control panel of an
end-application device with the buttons installed in their final
orientation;

[0108]FIG. 53, is a perspective view of a subset of three buttons in
their as molded state prior to installation in a paint fixture;

[0109]FIG. 54, is a perspective view of two three-button subsets
installed in a paint fixture;

[0110]FIG. 55, is a process flow chart for prior art end of line
detection of IC faults performed by dedicated production line test
equipment;

[0111]FIG. 56, is a process flow chart for end of line detection of fault
codes from ICs on the PCB in response to a microprocessor embedded test
code;

[0112]FIG. 57, is a process flow chart for a prior art system for
updating time of day employing radio resonator offset;

[0113]FIG. 58, is a process flow chart for setting and periodically
updating the time of day by programming the radio to tune to WWV on 100
KHz as a known standard;

[0114]FIG. 59, is an exploded, perspective view of an alternative
embodiment of a radio/CD player featuring an adjustable shelving feature
for positioning a CD player and one or more PC boards;

[0115]FIG. 60, is a front plan view of one of two shelf guide inserts
employed in the radio/CD player embodiment of FIG. 59;

[0116]FIG. 61, is a top plan view of the shelf guide insert of FIG. 60;

[0117]FIG. 62, is a front plan view of the shelf guide insert of FIG. 60;

[0118]FIG. 63, is a cross-sectional view of the shelf guide insert taken
on broken lines 63-63 of FIG. 60;

[0119]FIG. 64, is a cross-sectional view of the shelf guide insert taken
on lines 64-64 of FIG. 60;

[0120] FIG. 65, is a front plan view of a heat sink employed in the
radio/CD player embodiment of FIG. 59;

[0121]FIG. 66, is a broken, cross-sectional view of initial positioning
of the heat sink of FIG. 65 with respect to one of the shelf guide
inserts of FIG. 60 as part of the assembly process of the embodiment of
the radio/CD player of FIG. 59;

[0122]FIG. 67, is a broken, cross-sectional view similar to that of FIG.
66, but with the heat sink in an intermediate position in the assembly
process;

[0123]FIG. 68, is a broken, cross-sectional view similar to that of FIG.
66, but with the heat sink in a fully installed position in the assembly
process wherein it is self-engaged and retained by an integral engagement
tab of the shelf guide inserts;

[0124]FIG. 69, is a broken, cross-sectional view on an enlarged scale of
a variant of the radio/CD player of FIG. 59 wherein the interconnecting
features between the shelf guide inserts and the CD player retention
shelf are complimentary dove-tails;

[0125]FIG. 70, is an exploded, perspective view of a second alternative
embodiment of a radio/CD player featuring an unfolded case which provides
a single plane bottom up assembly configuration;

[0126]FIG. 71, is a representative cross-section of the case wall
structure of the radio/CD player of FIG. 70, on a greatly enlarged scale,
illustrating a thin wall section forming a living hinge;

[0127]FIG. 72, is a fragmentary, cross-sectional detail of adjacent case
panel edge portions of the radio/CD player of FIG. 70, on an enlarged
scale, in a post assembly orientation prior to engagement of cooperating
integral latch features;

[0128]FIG. 73, is a fragmentary, cross-sectional detail of adjacent case
panel edge portions of the radio/CD player of FIG. 70, similar to that of
FIG. 72, in a post assembly orientation after engagement of cooperating
integral latch features;

[0129]FIG. 74, is a representative cross-sectional detail of a variant of
the case wall structure of the radio/CD player of FIG. 70, on a greatly
enlarged scale, illustrating a screen only section forming a living
hinge;

[0130] FIG. 75, is a schematic representation of manufacturing process
equipment for producing a continuous strip of composite/laminate
(plastic-screen-plastic) material for subsequent formation of the case
structure of the radio/CD player of FIG. 70;

[0131] FIG. 76, is a representative view, on a greatly enlarged scale, of
laminate case material produced by the process equipment of FIG. 75,
illustrating a localized deformation of the material to define a reduced
thickness, undulating living hinge section;

[0132]FIG. 77, is a schematic representation of alternative manufacturing
process equipment for producing a continuous strip of composite (plastic
& screen) material for subsequent formation of a case structure suitable
for the radio/CD player of FIG. 70;

[0133]FIG. 78, is an exploded, perspective view of a third alternative
embodiment of a radio/CD player featuring an I-beam structure allowing
both the control electronics PCB and the CD player to be assembled in a
bottom-up sequence;

[0134]FIG. 79, is a cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of a
radio/CD player of FIG. 78, on an enlarged scale, with the control
electronics PCB and CD player illustrated in phantom;

[0135]FIG. 80, is an exploded, perspective view of a fourth alternative
embodiment of a radio/CD player featuring "clamshell" or "interlocking
block" upper and lower self-engaging case halves;

[0136]FIG. 81, is a broken, cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale,
of internal features of the case assemble of the radio/CD player of FIG.
80, illustrating the self-engagement feature of the case halves and the
mounting/positioning of the PCB and CD player (illustrated in phantom);

[0137]FIG. 82, is a cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale, of
additional internal features of the case assembly of the radio/CD player
of FIG. 80, taken along lines 82-82 of FIG. 81, illustrating application
of a guillotine heat sink and integral leaf springs for securing the CD
player (not illustrated);

[0138]FIG. 83, is an exploded, perspective view of a fifth alternative
embodiment of a radio/CD player featuring an "H" shaped case wherein CD
player mounting brackets comprise sidewalls of the case which self-engage
with top and bottom panels to effect closure of the case;

[0139]FIG. 84, is a simplified cross-sectional view of the radio/CD
player assembly of FIG. 83 illustrating the mounting of the PCB and the
CD player within the case;

[0140]FIG. 85, is an exploded, perspective view of the preferred
embodiment of the invention of FIGS. 2-10 from a right bottom perspective
with the trim plate assembly removed, as illustrated in FIG. 7,
illustrating the laser ablating of both machine and human readable unit
specific and unit generic product information directly on an outer
surface of the case at or near the end of the production line;

[0141]FIG. 86, is a process flow chart illustrating the laser ablating
product information on the case as part of a sequence following final
programming and calibration and operation functionality testing;

[0142]FIG. 87, is a process flow chart illustrating the basic algorithm
for a radio received time update process;

[0143]FIG. 88, is a process flow chart illustrating the first level of a
two level time update process of FIG. 87, wherein the update of the free
running timer simply rounds the current time value to the nearest minute;

[0144]FIG. 89, is a process flow chart illustrating the second level of a
two level time update process of FIG. 87, wherein the clock is set based
upon BCD encode time information in the WWV signal;

[0145]FIG. 90, is a rear perspective view of a prior art automotive
radio/CD player combination substantially similar to the device depicted
in FIG. 1;

[0146]FIG. 91, is a rear perspective view of the case/back-end for a
radio/CD player embodying the present invention substantially similar to
the case depicted in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5-10, illustrating molded, one piece
polymer construction;

[0147] FIG. 92, is a front perspective view of the preferred embodiment of
the invention, substantially similar to that of FIG. 2, but with I/O
control device function graphical detail highlighted;

[0148] FIG. 93, is a front perspective view of the interior surface
details of the case/back-end of FIG. 91 illustrating the wire mesh screen
which has been insert molded within the case adjacent the inner surface
portions thereof;

[0149]FIG. 94, is a front-above perspective view of a partially assembled
radio/CD player, substantially similar to that illustrated in FIG. 7
(prior to installation of the trim plate assembly), illustrating, inter
alia, (1) three outwardly directed spring contacts carried by resilient
members integrally formed with the faceplate and (2) the juxtaposition of
the wire mesh within the faceplate adjacent the outer surface thereof;

[0150]FIG. 95, is a front-left perspective view of the partially
assembled radio/CD player of FIG. 94, illustrating the same features from
a different perspective;

[0151]FIG. 96, is a fragmentary, perspective view of a keyboard assembly
printed circuit board carried on the inside surface of the trim plate
assembly illustrating one of three contact pads which, after assembly,
register with and establish electrical interconnection with spring
contacts illustrated in FIGS. 94 and 95;

[0152]FIG. 97, is an exploded, perspective view of a sixth alternative
embodiment of a radio/CD player featuring a modified I-beam case
construction wherein the case comprises an assembly of plastic/screen
composite and metal panels;

[0153]FIG. 98, is a front-side perspective view of a stamped metallic
sub-assembly of the radio/CD player of FIG. 97 defining a front panel,
partial sidewalls and CD player shelf;

[0154]FIG. 99, is a rear-side perspective view of the stamped metallic
sub-assembly of FIG. 98;

[0155] FIG. 100, is a front plan view of the stamped metallic sub-assembly
of FIG. 98;

[0156] FIG. 101, is a top plan view of the stamped, metallic sub-assembly
of FIG. 98;

[0157] FIG. 102, is a right side plan view of the stamped, metallic
sub-assembly of FIG. 98;

[0158] FIG. 103, is an inverted, rear side perspective view of the
stamped, metallic sub-assembly of FIG. 98;

[0159] FIG. 104, is a rear plan view of the stamped, metallic sub-assembly
of FIG. 98;

[0160] FIG. 105, is a partially exploded, front-side perspective view of a
variant of the sixth alternative embodiment of the radio/CD player of
FIGS. 97-104, wherein a (single) PCB and heat sink subassembly have been
pre-assembled in a bottom/partial sidewall molded plastic case component
and upper and lower case ventilation hole arrays have been deleted;

[0161] FIG. 106, is an exploded, rear-side perspective view of the
radio/CD player of FIG. 105;

[0162] FIG. 107, is a front-right perspective view of the radio/CD player
of FIG. 105, as fully assembled;

[0163] FIG. 108, is a front-left perspective view of the radio/CD player
of FIG. 105, as fully assembled;

[0164] FIG. 109, is a rear-left perspective view of the radio/CD player of
FIG. 105, as fully assembled;

[0165] FIG. 110, is a rear-right perspective view of the radio/CD player
of FIG. 105, as fully assembled;

[0166] FIG. 111, is a fully exploded view of the radio/CD player of FIG.
105;

[0167] FIG. 112, is a front-right perspective view of the radio/CD player
of FIG. 97;

[0168] FIG. 113, is a rear-left perspective view of the radio/CD player of
FIG. 97;

[0169] FIG. 114, is an exploded, perspective view of the radio/CD player
of FIG. 97, from a rear-left perspective;

[0171] FIG. 116, is an exploded, rear-left perspective view of the
radio/CD player of FIG. 115;

[0172] FIG. 117, is an exploded, front-right perspective view of the
radio/CD player of FIG. 115, wherein the PCB and heat sink have been
pre-assembled with a molded plastic case bottom panel and the CD player
has been pre-assembled with a stamped, metallic sub-assembly similar to
that described in FIGS. 98-104 and the trim plate has been added;

[0173] FIG. 118, is an exploded, rear-left perspective view of the
radio/CD player of FIG. 117;

[0174] FIG. 119, is an inverted, front-right perspective view of the
radio/CD player of FIGS. 97-114, as fully assembled;

[0175] FIG. 120, is a perspective view of the back side of the trim plate
assembly of the prior art radio/CD player illustrated in FIG. 1,
illustrating the surface details thereof;

[0176] FIG. 121, is a perspective view from the outside of a front plate
of a radio/CD player similar to that described hereinabove, illustrating
three light pipes integrally molded within the front plate, including a
plurality of outwardly directed integral extensions which, in
application, register with devices of an associated trim plate assembly
(not illustrated);

[0177] FIG. 122, is a perspective view of the inside surface details of
the front plate of FIG. 121;

[0178] FIG. 123, is a front plan view of the outside of the front plate of
FIG. 121;

[0179] FIG. 124, is a perspective view of the outside surface of the front
plate of FIG. 121, with the three light pipes removed;

[0180] FIG. 125, is a perspective view of the outside surface details of
the three light pipes as removed from the front plate, but retaining
their original juxtaposition;

[0181] FIG. 126, is a perspective view of the inside surface details of
the three light pipes as removed from the front plate, but retaining
their original juxtaposition;

[0182] FIG. 127, is a broken, perspective view of the cockpit area of an
automobile, illustrating an instrument panel mounted prior art
entertainment system interconnected with a personal music device (in
solid line) through a front panel auxiliary input, and an alternative
personal music device (in phantom) through a glove box configured pig
tail;

[0183] FIG. 128, is a front-right perspective view of an alternative
embodiment of a radio/CD player embodying another aspect of the present
invention, including an (open) media drawer configured in the front trim
plate assembly with a personal music device stored within the drawer and
operatively interconnected with the host radio/CD player system via a
coupling cable;

[0184] FIG. 129, is a side cross-sectional view of the radio/CD player of
FIG. 128, with the drawer open and the personal music device being
installed/removed;

[0185] FIG. 130, is a side cross-sectional view of the radio/CD player of
FIG. 128, with the drawer fully closed and the personal music device
installed inside;

[0186] FIG. 131, is a side, cross-sectional view of a drawer assembly
similar to that of FIGS. 128-130, but with the addition of an interface
electronics package in the front portion of the media drawer to
facilitate electrical interconnection with the radio/CD player assembly;

[0187] FIG. 132, is a rear plan view of a media platform for replacing the
drawer of the radio/CD player of FIG. 128, the media platform including
an opening/closing guide system and media hold-down features;

[0188] FIG. 133, is a broken, bottom-rear perspective view of an audio
system assembly embodying an alternative embodiment of the present
invention illustrating internal PCB front and rear edge self-grounding
with integral features of the audio system housing assembly;

[0189] FIG. 134, is a broken, cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale,
of the rear edge of the PCB of FIG. 133 self-engaging and self-grounding
with exposed electrically conductive shield and guide tangs integrally
formed with the audio system housing assembly;

[0190] FIG. 135, is a broken, cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale,
of the front edge of the PCB of FIG. 133 self-engaging and self grounding
with exposed electrically conductive shield and guide tangs integrally
formed with the audio system housing assembly;

[0191] FIG. 136, is a broken, rear facing perspective view of the exposed
electrically conductive shield and guide tangs of FIG. 134, with the PCB
removed;

[0192] FIG. 137, is a broken, forward facing perspective view of the
exposed electrically conductive shield and guide tangs of FIG. 135, with
the PCB removed;

[0193] FIG. 138, is a broken, perspective, cross-sectional view of an
alternative approach to self-grounding a PCB, wherein a rearwardly
directed extension of the PCB containing grounding pads on the top or
bottom (or both) surfaces thereof registers with an opening formed in the
rear wall of the case exposing electrically conductive screen;

[0194] FIG. 139, is a broken, cross-sectional view of the alternative
embodiment of FIG. 138, with the PCB is in its installed design position
wherein the extension has pierced the exposed screen and established
electrical connection between the grounding pads and the screen;

[0195] FIG. 140, is a bottom-rear perspective view of a CD player
subassembly affixed to opposed left and right mounting brackets via
integral squirts;

[0196] FIG. 141, is a broken, cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale,
of one of the squirts taken on line 139-139 of FIG. 140, as it is
manually applied (as illustrated in phantom) within an adjacent opening
in the CD player subassembly;

[0197] FIG. 142, is a broken, perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of
one of the squirts of FIG. 140;

[0198] FIG. 143, is a top plan view of an alternative embodiment of one of
the squirts of FIG. 140;

[0199] FIG. 144, is a perspective view of the front surface of the audio
system housing assembly closure member illustrating integral locating and
retention features for a trim plate assembly PCB;

[0200] FIG. 145, is a perspective view of the front surface of the audio
system housing assembly closure member of FIG. 144, with the trim plate
assembly PCB installed;

[0201] FIG. 146, is a rear-left, broken perspective view of an alternative
embodiment of a lightweight audio system featuring a screwless, plug-in
module for enabling the radio portion of the system to be (re)configured
to accommodate any known satellite radio provider or hardware upgrade;

[0202] FIG. 147, is a perspective view of the audio system of FIG. 146
with the plug-in module (illustrated partially in phantom) in the fully
installed position;

[0203] FIG. 148, is a broken, cross-sectional view of the audio system of
FIG. 147, illustrating the electrical and mechanical interface of the
module with the host audio system case;

[0204] FIG. 149, is a broken, cross-sectional view of a portion of FIG.
148, on an enlarged scale, illustrating the structural details of the
screwless module retention features;

[0205] FIG. 150, is a rear-right perspective view of a composite case of
an alternative design automotive audio system which has wall panels
formed nearly exclusively of electrically conductive screen supported
along the respective edges thereof by a framework of a molded polymer
based material;

[0206] FIG. 151, is a cross-sectional view taken on lines 151-151 of FIG.
31, illustrating the juxtaposition of an associated pair of guideways
formed by a housing case and guide members formed by a CD changer
mounting bracket with the bracket partially installed within the case;

[0207] FIG. 152, is a cross-sectional view taken on lines 152-152 of FIG.
32, illustrating the juxtaposition of the associated pair of guideways
and guide members with the bracket fully installed within the case;

[0208] FIG. 153, is a cross-sectional view of an alternative configuration
of the guideways/guide members of FIGS. 151 and 152, with the respective
contacting surfaces angularly converging;

[0209] FIG. 154, is a cross-sectional view of a second alternative
configuration of the guideways/guide members of FIGS. 151 and 152, with
the respective contacting surfaces diverging and an electrical grounding
connection established therebetween;

[0210] FIG. 155, is a broken, plan view of the rear case wall screened
opening of FIG. 138, on an enlarged scale, with the exposed screen having
a pattern of perforations formed therein;

[0211] FIG. 156, is a broken perspective view of the exposed screen of
FIG. 155, prior to formation of the perforations, and its juxtaposition
with an aligned pair of punch-type forming dies;

[0212] FIG. 157, is a cross-sectional view, on an enlarged scale, similar
to FIG. 138, wherein the PCB extension carries a screen piercing tool
which is integrally formed with the upper and lower grounding pads;

[0213] FIG. 158, is a broken, top view of the integrated grounding
pad/piercing tool as carried on a PCB extension;

[0214] FIG. 159, is a cross-sectional schematic view of a simplified
inventive thermal control apparatus similar in many respects to the
embodiment of the invention depicted in FIGS. 22-29;

[0215] FIG. 160, is a fragmentary, cross-sectional view of the initial
positioning of a CD mechanism bracket with respect to an alternative
support shelf integrally formed within the case, similar to FIG. 30, with
the wall surfaces defining the guideways each tapered on their upper and
lower surfaces to provide a drafted condition to enhance injection
molding formation of the case;

[0217] FIG. 162, is a perspective view of the telematics device of FIG.
161, with the case open to illustrate its one-piece, living-hinge
construction;

[0218] FIG. 163, is an exploded, perspective view of the telematics device
of FIGS. 161 and 162, illustrating the details of internal subassemblies;

[0219] FIG. 164, is a broken, cross-sectional view of a portion of the
audio system housing case wherein the electrical interface plug includes
a connector body which is integrally formed with the housing case;

[0220] FIG. 165, is a broken, cross-sectional view of the audio system
case closure member/trim panel formed of two-shot molded polymeric
materials having different opacities;

[0221] FIG. 166A, is a broken, cross-sectional view of a portion of the
audio system case and media drawer illustrating a "push-push" latch and
opening spring with the media drawer in the closed and latched position;

[0222] FIG. 166B, is a broken, cross-sectional view of a portion of the
audio system case and media drawer similar to FIG. 166A, with the media
drawer in a partially opened and released position;

[0224] FIG. 168, is a broken, cross-sectional view of the facia of FIG.
167, on an enlarged scale, with first surface finishing;

[0225] FIG. 169, is a broken, cross-sectional view of an alternative
facia, similar to that of FIG. 168, with second surface finishing; and

[0226] FIG. 170, is a broken, cross-sectional view of a front loaded,
color shifting actuator button in assembly with a rear loaded actuator
device (ex. switch) and extending through a registering opening in an
associated trim plate/panel.

[0227] Although the drawings represent varied embodiments and features of
the present invention, the drawings are not necessarily to scale and
certain features may be exaggerated in order to illustrate and explain
the present invention. The exemplification set forth herein illustrates
several aspects of the invention, in one form, and such exemplification
is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any
manner.

DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

[0228] The present invention can be applied in its broadest sense to
electronic devices and systems where shielding from radio frequency
interference (RFI), electromagnetic interference (EMI), bulk current
injection (BCI) and/or electrostatic discharge (ESD) is required. In
addition to vehicle based radios and audio entertainment systems, the
invention can be advantageously applied in "infotainment" and telematic
systems. Furthermore, the present invention employs virtually
"fastenerless" design architecture to facilitate low-cost, high volume
production techniques.

[0229] A telematics product is a two-way communication/receiver system
that enables access by a vehicle occupant to vehicle related information
like geographic position/location through the use of a GPS module with
antenna, vehicle diagnostics, crash sensors and air bag deployment. It
also contains a phone module that is linked through a microphone in the
vehicle and the radio speaker system for hands free calling via voice
recognition and links to a call center for a variety of services,
including but not limited to emergency help, concierge, vehicle theft
recovery, turn-by-turn route guidance, vehicle diagnostics and vehicle
unlock.

[0230] For convenience of understanding, the following description will be
focused primarily upon an automotive radio/CD player system.

[0231] Lightweight Radio/CD Player for Vehicular Application

(1)

[0232] The present invention reflects an improved design to reduce the
overall weight of an automotive radio/CD player without compromising the
strength of the unit. The present invention employs a polymer based
material that can be molded to provide the necessary features for the
chassis as well as the frontal interface to the decorative front-end
assembly described for the man-machine interface. By molding a case with
the necessary details to accept the playback mechanisms (if desired) as
well as the circuit board(s) needed for the electrical control, the
required functionality of the unit is maintained as compared to the
typical metal box. The necessary shielding and grounding is accomplished
by insert-molding a mesh screen wire that has been pre-formed to contour
with the molding operation. The grounding of the circuit boards may be
accomplished by using ground clips attached directly to the ground pads
of the circuit board that would interface directly with exposed screen
wire mesh of the molded part. While metal is also a good conductor for
the thermal load inside the unit, openings must be incorporated to allow
airflow for additional cooling. The same openings can compromise the
shielding. With in-molded mesh screen wire, the mesh acts as a Faraday
cage to shield the electronics, but the open weave allows airflow to
promote the dissipation of the thermal load from inside the unit, to the
exterior. Besides the reduction of mass offered by the molded polymer
material for the unit chassis and front plate, the hidden benefits
include ease of handling in the assembly process as well as less
container and shipping weight.

[0233] To facilitate assembly, the molded polymer chassis and front plate
can use integral or molded in guideways and snaps, thereby eliminating
the typical screw fastener assembly method previously used for these
components. To enhance the rigidity, the component parts that comprise
the assembly are sandwiched at the common vehicle instrument panel
attachment points such that when the mounting screws are driven, they
firmly clamp the component pieces to the host vehicle. In the event a
playback mechanism of substantial mass and volume is required, the
sub-assembly structure for the mechanism would utilize formed attachment
tabs that would be an intermediate layer in the aforementioned component
part sandwich. Another benefit for the mounting at the back of the radio
is often vehicles have a receptive hole or slot in the inner cavity of
the instrument panel carrier that accepts a mounting bushing or "bullet"
shaped extension that is screwed to a mounting stud that is typically
swaged to the back of the metal enclosure of the radio. The mounting
"bullet" can be molded directly in the polymer-based case eliminating the
additional part and the assembly of that additional part.

[0234] To replace the metal structure of the vehicle radio, a galvanized
(or appropriately coated) steel mesh wire screen will be cut, formed, and
molded with a polymer resin to provide necessary details for assembly of
components required for the functionality of the radio including, but not
limited to, a circuit board assembly, a heat sink for audio power and
switching components, a playback mechanism, and a man-machine interface
or trim plate assembly, as well as vehicle mounting features. While the
polymer or plastic provides the majority of the mechanical structure for
the radio, the in-molded mesh screen wire provides the needed protection
from various electrical anomalies including electromagnetic
contamination, radio frequency interference, bulk current injection, and
electrostatic discharge, to name a few. The screen mesh also allows
openings necessary for air passage or venting of heat from the radio by
molding the radio back end or case and front plate. The many details and
features needed in a typical assembly can be incorporated directly into
the parts, eliminating the need for fasteners and separate additional
parts often required with parts fabricated in metal.

[0235] The specific materials selected for fabricating the radio case and
front plate will vary depending upon the application, including the
contained mass of the mechanisms employed as well as the severity of the
contemplated environment (esp. temperature and vibration). Examples of
materials that could be employed for typical automotive applications are:

[0238] Major components which contact one another or are mechanically
interconnected preferably are formed from material having substantially
differing surface finish and hardness characteristics to minimize the
possibility of resulting squeaks, rattles and the like.

[0239] Although presently viewed as cost prohibitive for automotive
applications, it is contemplated that nano carbon tube filler can be
employed within the plastic material forming the case and front plate to
provide effective shielding and enhance the structural strength of the
case assembly.

[0240] In addition to weight savings, which may amount to well over one
pound (0.4536 Kg), the part handling is improved to reduce the amount of
fasteners as well as separate component parts. Often a radio may be
constructed from a wrap-around, a cover and the fasteners along with a
mounting bushing or "bullet" screwed to a "swaged" threaded stud in the
metal case. Also, the metal pieces require assembly personnel to wear
gloves during handling to avoid any cuts or damage to their hands as well
as protection from any metal fabrication fluid residue. Molded plastic
does not require any special gloves, or the concerns of cuts to the skin.
Aside to the benefit to the vehicle by reducing the radio weight by over
one pound (0.4536 Kg), the savings for a manufacturer include reduced
shipping cost through the weight reduction and potential container
efficiency improvements. Product labeling can be improved through laser
engraving the plastic with the desired number, customer logos, etc. Metal
typically requires a stamping detail (not easily changed) and/or a
printed label that is adhesively applied. This offers greater flexibility
and eliminates additional parts (like labels) to use the plastic, as well
as better durability than a label.

[0241] Referring to FIGS. 2-10, a consolidated radio/CD player apparatus
62 embodying many aspects of the present invention is illustrated. The
radio/CD player 62 is an assemblage of six major components or
subassemblies, a circuit board subassembly 64, a CD player subassembly
66, a box-like housing case 68, a front closure member or front plate 70,
a convector or heat sink 72 and a trim plate subassembly 74.

[0242] It is envisioned that each of the major components/subassemblies
would be produced "off-line" and the final assembly process would
comprise the efficient, high volume joining of the major
components/subassemblies and end-of-line testing of the completed units.

[0243] FIGS. 2 and 8-10 depict plan and perspective views of the fully
assembled radio/CD player apparatus 62. FIG. 3 is an exploded view
illustrating the juxtaposition of the respective major components during
the assembly process. FIGS. 4-7 depict specific assembly steps of the
major components as will be described hereinbelow.

[0244] The case 68 and front plate 70 are each preferably injection molded
of polymer based material and collectively comprise a substantially
closed housing assembly 76. The case 68 has a box-like structure,
including upper and lower wall portions 78 and 80, respectively, left and
right side wall portions 82 and 84, respectively, and a rear wall portion
86. The case 68 also has mounting features extending externally of the
case walls, including left and right front mounting flanges 88 and 90,
respectively, extending from the forward edges of the left and right side
walls 82 and 84, respectively, and a mounting stud 92 extending
rearwardly from the rear wall 86. All of the case wall portions and
mounting features of the case 68 are integrally formed in a single
injection molding process. The case defines a front opening 94 which,
upon assembly, is closed by front plate 70. An assembly axis 96 extends
symmetrically from front to rear of the case 68, exiting opening 94 along
the nominal centerline of the case 96.

[0245] The circuit board subassembly 64 consists of a common or main
printed circuit board (PCB) 98 and a unique, application specific PCB 100
which are electrically and mechanically interconnected by several pin
connectors 102. It is envisioned that edge connectors, ribbon connectors
or the like could be substituted for the pin connectors 102. The common
PCB 98 contains all surface mount components. The circuit board
subassembly 64 comprises an audio component.

[0246] The CD player subassembly 66 consists of a conventional multi-disc
player unit 104 and substantially mirror-image left and right side
mounting brackets 106 and 108, respectively, affixed thereto by integral
fastener devices such as "squirts" (refer FIGS. 141-143). Note that there
are slight differences between the left and right mounting brackets 106
and 108, but they are deemed to be inconsequential for purposes of the
present invention. The left and right mounting brackets 106 and 108 have
outwardly directed mounting flanges 110 and 112, respectively, which,
upon assembly, register with case mounting flanges 88 and 90,
respectively. The CD player subassembly 66 comprises an audio component.

[0247] The heat sink 72 comprises a substantially flat, stamped aluminum
plate adapted for mounting to the outer surface of the left case sidewall
82 and includes a recessed portion 114 which, upon installation, extends
inwardly through a port 116 in left case sidewall 82 for thermal
interconnection to heat generating and power circuit components 118, 120
and 122 carried on the main PCB 98.

[0249] Referring particularly to FIGS. 4-7, a method of assembly of the
lightweight audio system 62 of the present invention is illustrated.
Audio system 62 can be assembled manually by an ordered process wherein a
single (preferably, but not limited to) operator, who sequentially
assembles the six major components or subassemblies on a designated work
surface 124. No specialized tools or separate/dedicated fixtures are
required. No threaded fasteners/screws are required. Each or the major
components and subassemblies form integral features which cooperate to
interact with features of the other components and subassemblies to
register, align and guide the components and subassemblies during
adjoining thereof as well as to removably affix the components and
subassemblies to one another when in their final design position. This
process is referred to herein as the Slide-lock Snap-lock® Screwless
Assembly Technology and Method or "SLAT". In effect, the components
"self-fixture one another in combination the manipulation of the

[0250] Assembly of the radio/CD player 62 is affected by the assembly
technician or operator taking the following steps:

[0251] As illustrated in FIG. 4, place the front plate 70 on the work
surface 124 in an inverted position with the outer surface of the front
plate disposed upon the work surface 124. The centerline of the front
plate 70 defines an assembly axis, as designated by arrow 96 extending
normally to the work surface 124.

[0252] The front plate has two laterally spaced, rearwardly directed
extensions 126 and 128 integrally formed therewith. Extensions 126 and
128 form guideways or opposed slots 130 and 132, respectively, which open
towards one another and are directed parallel to the assembly axis 96.
Lateral edge guide surfaces 134 and 136 of the application specific PCB
100 register within slots 130 and 132 and are guided thereby during the
insertion process until the leading edge surface 138 of the PCB 100
contacts the inside (upward facing in FIGS. 4 and 5) surface of front
plate 70. At this point, common PCB 98 is cantilever suspended from PCB
100 via pin connectors 102 and other supports (not illustrated).
Referring FIG. 5, the circuit board subassembly 64 is retained in
position by the interfit of the edge surfaces 134 and 136 within slots
130 and 132.

[0253] The CD player subassembly 66 is next installed by manipulating it
along the assembly axis 96 until through holes 140 and 142, formed in
bracket mounting flanges 110 and 112, register with locating pins or nibs
144 and 146 integrally formed in laterally extending mounting flanges 148
and 150, respectively, integrally formed in front plate 70. Thereafter,
the CD player subassembly is displaced downwardly along the assembly axis
96 until the lower surfaces of bracket mounting flanges 110 and 112 abut
the upper surfaces of front plate mounting flanges 148 and 150. The CD
player subassembly 66 is retained in the position illustrated in FIG. 5
by an interference fit between the front plate nibs 144 and 146, and the
mounting bracket flange through holes 140 and 142.

[0254] Mounting bracket flanges 110 and 112 have secondary, larger
diameter through holes 152 and 154 formed therein which register with
similarly dimensioned through holes 156 and 158, respectively, formed in
front plate mounting flanges 148 and 150 for receiving attachment means
such as bolts, for affixing the completely assembled radio/CD player 62
to a host vehicle.

[0255] The steps of installing the circuit board subassembly 64 and the CD
player subassembly can be reversed from that describer hereinabove.

[0256] The housing case 68 is next installed by manipulating it along the
assembly axis 96 whereby the case wall portions 78, 80, 82, 84 and 86
fully envelop the circuit board subassembly 64 and CD player subassembly
66 in combination with the front plate 70.

[0257] As best viewed in FIGS. 3, 5 and 93, the centerline of the case 68
is first manually aligned with the assembly axis 96 and rotationally
positioned with the subassembly consisting of the circuit board
subassembly 64, CD player subassembly 66 and the front plate 70, whereby
a first cooperating pair of guideways 160 and 162 integrally formed in
case sidewall portions 82 and 84 register with the CD player mounting
brackets 106 and 108 and, simultaneously, a second cooperating pair of
guideways 164 and 166 integrally formed in case sidewall portions 82 and
84 register with lateral edge guide surfaces 168 and 170 of common PCB
98. The case 68 is then manually displaced along the assembly axis 96
until the leading edge thereof defining front opening 94 contacts the
rear surface of the front plate 70. Thereafter, cooperating ramped
snap-engagement features 172 and 174 integrally formed with upper and
lower wall portions 78 and 80 of the case 68 and the front plate 70,
respectively, momentarily self-displace one another and snap back to
self-engage to establish a positive interlock therebetween.

[0258] The case mounting flanges 88 and 90 form through holes 176 and 178
which register and self-engage with nibs 144 and 146, respectively, to
provide a redundant engagement feature. Furthermore, the case mounting
flanges 88 and 90 form a second set of through holes 180 and 182,
respectively, which register with through holes 152 and 154 of mounting
brackets 106 and 108, and through holes 152 and 154 of front plate
mounting flanges 148 and 150, respectively.

[0259] As best viewed in FIGS. 2, 6 and 7, the heat sink 72 is next
installed. The heat sink 72 includes several locating tabs 182 integrally
formed along one edge thereof and a locator recess 184 formed in an
opposed edge. The heat sink 72 is manually affixed to the outer surface
of the case left side wall portion 82 which defines integral tab
receiving extensions 186 along the upper edge thereof. Once the heat sink
locating tabs 182 are inserted within their respective case wall portion
extensions 186, the heat sink 72 is rotated into its design position
illustrated in FIG. 7 wherein a resilient ramped catch member 188
integrally formed along the bottom edge of the left side wall portion 82
snap engages the recess 184 to fixedly interlock the heat sink 72 to the
case 68.

[0260] When the heat sink 72 is in its installed position, the recessed
portion 114 extends inwardly into the case 68 through the port 116. The
inner surface of the recessed portion 114 establishing an abutting
relationship against the power circuit components 118, 120 and 122 to
provide a cooling thermal convector to the exterior of the case 68. Means
are provided to ensure that components 118, 120 and 122 remain in
intimate contact with the heat sink 72 such as screws 190, or, preferably
(as illustrated in FIGS. 22-29 and 41-43) to continuously resiliently
urge the components into engagement with the recessed portion 114 of the
heat sink 72.

[0261] It is contemplated that the heat sink 72 could be alternatively
mounted to the case rear wall portion 86, whereby it would be installed
along the assembly axis 96.

[0262] Referring to FIG. 7, the final step of assembling the major
components and subassemblies is illustrated. First, the subassembly of
the components illustrated in FIG. 6 is manually inverted, with the case
rear wall portion 86 disposed on the designated work surface 124. Due to
the localized outward projection of the stud 92, a stability enhancing
spacer (not illustrated) or, alternatively, a recess 192 in the work
surface 124 ensures a stable platform to complete assembly.

[0263] The trim plate subassembly 74 is then manipulated to become in
register with the case 68 and manually displaced along the assembly axis
96 until the lower surface of the trim plate assembly 74 contacts the
upper surface of the front plate 70 (as depicted in FIG. 7). Thereafter,
cooperating ramped snap-action engagement features 192 and 194 integrally
formed with upper and lower edge skirt surfaces of the case trim plate
assembly 74 and the front plate 70, respectively, momentarily
self-displace one another and snap back to self-engage to establish a
positive interlock therebetween.

[0264] The completed assembly of the major components and subassemblies is
depicted in FIGS. 2, 8-10 and 92. Following the assembly process, the
completed radio/CD player 62 is placed in a queue for testing and quality
checks.

[0265] Molded-in Integrated Mounting Bushing (2)

[0266] The rear mounting bushing for current radios is typically attached
by welding a threaded stud to the back wall of the wrap around and then
the bushing is screwed on. With the plastic box receiver, the mounting
bushing can be molded as an integral part of the receiver box,
eliminating two part numbers and the labor to install them.

[0267] Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, a typical prior art stud 54 is
illustrated as part of a conventional radio/CD player 10.

[0268] Referring to FIGS. 5-10, 13 and 14, a feature of the present
invention is illustrated wherein the stud 92 is integrally formed with
the housing case 68, such as through injection molding. The stud 92
functions to support the rear portion of the radio/CD player assembly 62
when installed in the host vehicle. Upon installation of the radio/CD
player assembly, the rearwardly directed stud 92 registers with an
opening 196 in a vehicle structural support member 198.

[0269] The stud 92 is elongated and has a characteristic cross or "+"
shaped cross-section along its axial length. The cross-section
configuration of the stud 92 has intersecting vertical and horizontal
portions 200 and 202, respectively. The outwardmost surfaces of the
vertical and horizontal portions 200 and 202 are dimensioned to establish
an interference fit within the opening 196 of the support member 198.
Because the stud 92 is constructed of softer material (plastic) than the
support member 198 (steel), the outer surfaces of the vertical and
horizontal portions will tend to deform locally upon insertion into
opening 196 and thereby assure a tight, rattle free connection.
Rearwardly directed edges 206 are configured with a sharp transition
which will scarf the plastic material of the stud 92 upon any withdrawal
from the opening.

[0270] As is best illustrated in FIG. 93, vertical and horizontal bosses
208 and 210, respectively, are located directly interiorly of the stud 92
to reinforce the rear wall portion 86 of the case 68 to prevent
"oil-canning" and allows use of relatively thin wall section for enhanced
weight saving.

[0271] FIGS. 93-95 illustrate an alternative construction of the case 68
and front plate 70 of the housing assembly 76 wherein both elements of
the case assembly 76 are formed of a composite of relatively rigid
polymer material and electrically conductive material operable to shield
the audio components (such as the circuit board subassembly 64 and the CD
player subassembly 66) from electrical anomalies including radio
frequency interference (RFI), electromagnetic interference (EMI), bulk
current injection (BCI) and electrostatic discharge (ESD). The
electrically conductive material comprises substantially continuous
planer sheet portions applied to surfaces of or within polymer housing
assembly wall portions as discrete elements, electrically conductive
paint, foil or electrostatic or vacuum deposition applied material.
Alternatively, the electrically conductive material comprises a wire mesh
screen 212 which has been cut and folded to net shape and inserted within
a mold cavity whereby it is effectively insert molded within the polymer
based material. Preferably, the wire screen 212 is centered within the
wall portions of the case and front plate whereby electrically insulating
polymer material effectively covers the wire screen 212, both inside and
out, to prevent inadvertent grounding of the housing assembly to interior
or exterior structures.

[0272] Through empirical testing and development, the inventors have found
that it is preferable to locate the wire screen 212 near the inside
surface of the case 68 and the outside surface of the front plate 70.
Openings 214 are provided in the case 68 by locally eliminating the
polymer material but leaving the wire screen intact, whereby judiciously
positioned openings 214 provide natural convection cooling to the ambient
without having a break or gap in the electrical anomaly protection
provided by the wire screen 212.

[0273] Circuit Board Grounding to Wire Mesh System (3)

[0274] The common circuit board and the unique circuit board are grounded
to the molded in wire mesh by using a grounding clip that contacts the
ground plane on the circuit board to the metal mesh by pressing the
circuit board with the clip installed into a hole or recess in the
plastic box that exposes the mesh. A point/ridge/protuberance is used on
the clip to press into the mesh and increase the pressure for intimate
contact. An alternative of this clip is one that gets surface mounted and
soldered to the board and does not require manual assembly.

[0275] Referring to FIGS. 15 and 16, one form of grounding the ground
plane 216 of the circuit board subassembly 64 to the wire screen 212 is
illustrated. The leading edge surface 138 of the unique PCB 100 carries
two beryllium copper grounding clips 218, which are electrically and
mechanically connected to the PCB ground plane 216. Similarly, a trailing
edge surface 222 of the common PCB 98 carries two grounding clips 218.
Each grounding clip 218 includes a resilient contact arm 220 extending
outwardly along the assembly axis 96. Upon assembly, the grounding clips
218 carried on the leading edge surface 138 of PCB 100 register with
exposed wire screen 212 within windows 224 in front plate 70 (refer FIGS.
94 and 95), and the grounding clips 218 carried on the trailing edge
surface 222 of PCB 98 register with exposed wire screen 212 within
windows 226 in the rear wall portion 86 of the case 68. The contact are
220 of each grounding clip 218 is configured to continuously bear against
the adjacent exposed wire screen 212 to maintain electrical contact
therewith.

[0276] Referring to FIGS. 133-139 and 155-158, alternative forms of
grounding the ground plane 216 of the circuit board subassembly 64 to the
wire screen are illustrated. FIG. 133 illustrates a radio/CD player 622
similar in all material respects to the radio/CD player 62 described
hereinabove in connection with FIGS. 2-10 and 15-20 inter alia, with the
exceptions described immediately hereinbelow. In essence, in this
embodiment, the four ground clips 218 contained on the circuit board
subassembly 64 are deleted and replaced by connectors integrally formed
with the housing assembly 76.

[0277] Referring to FIGS. 133, 135 and 137, a circuit board subassembly
624 includes a common PCB 626 interconnected with a unique PCB 628 by pin
connectors 630. A leading edge 631 of the unique PCB 628, when installed
within a front plate 632, engages two Z-clips 634 integrally formed
within the front plate 632, whereby wire screen 636 exposed in the Z-clip
634 engages a contact pad/plane 638 carried on the unique PCB 628
adjacent its leading edge 631. A trailing edge 652 of the common PCB 626,
when installed in a housing case 654, engages two grounding clips 658
integrally formed within the case 654, whereby wire screen 636 exposed in
the grounding clip 656 engages a contact pad/plane 658 carried on the
common PCB 626 adjacent its trailing edge 652.

[0278] As best viewed in FIGS. 135 and 137, the Z-clip 634 includes a
frame 640 integrally formed adjacent one side of an associated opening
642 and extending inwardly (within an associated housing case 643)
therefrom as a resilient cantilever. The frame 640 includes two parallel
"L" or "J" shaped leg portions 644 interconnected by a cross support
portion 646. A flap of wire screen 636 is die-cut prior to being
injection molded within the front plate 632. During the injection molding
process, the edges of the wire screen flap are insert molded within the
leg portions 644, the cross-support portion 646 and the adjacent front
panel of the front plate 632, thereby exposing the wire screen flap 636
for electrical connection with the unique PCB contact pad 638. An
inwardly directed boss 648 is integrally formed on the front plate 632
adjacent an edge of the opening 642 opposite from the leg portions 644,
and extends substantially parallel to an assembly axis 649. The boss 648
forms a guide/abutment surface 650 which is spaced from the exposed wire
screen flap 636 by a dimension slightly less than the thickness of the
unique PCB 628 to ensure a tight compressive fit when the leading edge
631 of the unique PCB 628 is inserted therebetween. The natural
resiliency of the polymer material forming the Z-clip frame 640 ensures
continued continuity of the electrical connection between the exposed
wire screen 636 of the Z-clip and the unique PCB contact pad 638.

[0279] As best viewed in FIGS. 134 and 136, the grounding clip 656
includes a cooperating pair of laterally spaced support members 660 and
662 integrally formed in a rear wall portion 664 of the case 654 adjacent
the bottom edge of an associated opening 663 and extending inwardly
therefrom. A flap of wire screen 666 is die-cut prior to being injection
molded within the case 654. During the injection molding process, the
lateral edges of the wire screen flap 666 are insert molded within the
support members 660 and 662 and the adjacent portion of the case rear
wall portion 664, thereby exposing the wire screen flap 666 for
electrical connection to the common PCB 626 contact pad 658. A wire
screen positioning finger 668 is integrally formed in the rear wall
portion 664 of the case 654 laterally intermediate the support members
660 and 662, and extends inwardly from the rear wall portion 664
substantially parallel to an insertion axis 670 as a resilient
cantilever. The positioning finger 668 is vertically positioned with
respect to the support members 660 and 662 to continuously contact the
lower surface of the wire screen flap 666 to ensure that the lateral
center portion of the wire screen flap 666 is bowed slightly upwardly and
resiliently maintained at least slightly above the upper surface portions
672 and 674 of the support members 660 and 662, respectively. An inwardly
directed boss 676 is integrally formed on the rear wall portion 664 of
the case 654 adjacent the top edge of the opening 663 opposite from and
laterally centered with the support members 660 and 662. The boss 676
forms a guide/abutment surface 678 which is spaced from the exposed wire
screen flap 666 by a dimension slightly less than the thickness of the
common PCB 636 to ensure a tight compressive fit then the trailing edge
652 of the common PCB 636 is inserted therebetween. The natural
resiliency of the polymer material forming the ground clip 656 structural
elements ensures continued continuity of the electrical connection
between the exposed wire screen 666 of the ground clip 656 and the common
PCB contact pad 658.

[0280] Referring to FIGS. 138 and 139, another example of self-grounding
is illustrated wherein a PCB 680 includes an extension 682 projecting
forwardly therefrom in line with an assembly axis 684 of a housing case
686 for an audio system 687. Contact pads 688 and 690 are carried on
upper and lower surfaces 692 and 694 of the PCB extension 682. A rear
wall portion 696 of the case 686 forms a window 698 exposing a portion of
wire screen 700 which is aligned with the PCB extension 682. When the
wire screen 700 is insert molded within the polymeric material forming
the case 686, the portion thereof coinciding with the window 698 is left
intact. During the assembly process of the audio system 687, wherein the
PCB is installed by insertion along guideways (not illustrated) within
the case 686, the PCB is inserted with sufficient force to locally
rupture and penetrate the exposed wire screen 700 within the window 688.
Following the rupture of the wire screen 700, the residual separation
edges thereof are drawn into the window 698 by friction caused by motion
of the upper and lower PCB surfaces 692 and 694, respectively. When the
PCB 680 assumes its installed position, as illustrated in FIG. 139, the
rended portions of the wire screen 700 are compressively fit between the
contact pads 688 and 690 and the adjacent edges of the window 698,
ensuring continued continuity of the electrical connection between the
exposed wire screen 700 and the PCB contact pads 688 and 690. It is
contemplated that a single (one side of the PCB) contact pad can also be
employed. However, the redundancy afforded by the dual contact pads 688
and 690 is preferable.

[0281] Referring to FIGS. 155 and 156, a modification of the
self-grounding system described in connection with FIGS. 138 and 139 can
enhance assembly of an audio system 702 for simplified and improved
unit-to-unit repeatability. A housing case 704 includes a wall portion
706 forming a window 708 exposing a wire screen 710 to establish a point
of electrical connection to an audio component within the case 704. After
the wire screen 710 is insert molded within the polymer material forming
the case 704, but before the assembly if the audio system 702, a tool,
such as a cooperating punch 712 and die 714 is pressed simultaneously
against the inner and outer surfaces of the exposed screen 710 within the
window 708 to form perforations or weakenings, indicated by dotted lines
716. This process step is indicated by arrows 718. The perforations 716
make the exposed wire screen 710 more predictably frangible for improved
unit-to-unit quality. Thereafter, during final assembly of the audio
system 702, the wire screen 710 separates along the perforations 716 when
contacted by the leading edge of a PCB extension 682 (refer FIGS. 138 and
139).

[0282] Referring to FIGS. 157 and 158, an alternative self grounding
approach involves modifying a leading surface 720 of an extension 722 of
a PCB 724 to form a sharpened, laterally extending leading edge 726. The
leading edge 726 can be formed by the PCB material itself or, preferably,
by hardened material, such as a metal applique or band formed in a "U" or
a "V" configuration engaging the PCB 724 by upper and lower members 728
and 730 affixed to the upper and lower surfaces 732 and 734 of the PCB
extension 722 such as by soldering. The upper and lower members 730 and
732 can serve as electrical ground pads. Upon installation of the PCB
724, the sharp leading edge 726 first contacts and cleaves the exposed
wire screen 710 into the form illustrated in FIG. 139.

[0283] In addition to the forgoing, punch dies 712/714 such as those
depicted in FIG. 156 can be employed in modified form to actually sever
and/or remove a portion (or all) of the wire screen 710 after the molding
of the housing case 704, but before the final assembly of the audio
system 702. Furthermore, one or more service access windows can be
provided elsewhere in the walls of the housing case 704. The service
windows are closed at the time of manufacture by exposed screen including
perforations, as depicted in FIG. 155. The exposed screen could be
severed by a tool or process later in the service life of the audio
system 702 to service or modify the system.

[0284] Front Plate ESD Grounding to Keyboard Through Wire Mesh (4)

[0285] The method of grounding the plastic front plate (with molded in
metal mesh) to the keyboard is by using plastic spring clip that contains
an open window to expose the mesh where the spring clip comes into
contact with a tinned pad on the keyboard. This provides an ESD path to
ground when inserting a static charged CD into the CD changer.

[0286] Referring to FIGS. 17-21 and 94-96, several spring clip structures
228 are integrally formed in the front plate 70 which, in assembly,
continuously resiliently bear locally exposed segments of the wire screen
212 against a tinned grounding pad 230 (only one is illustrated) on a
keypad PCB 232 to establish a ground path therebetween.

[0287] Each spring clip structure 228 has a frame 234 including two
parallel arc shaped portions 236 and 238 and a cross-support portion 240
integrally formed with front plate 70 and extending therefrom as a
resilient cantilever. An opening 242 in the front plate registers with
each spring clip 228 to permit flexure thereof.

[0288] Prior to molding of the wire screen 212 within the front plate 70
the screen preform is die-cut to form an integral flap which is captured
within the mold and the edges thereof encased within arc-shaped portions
236 and 238 and cross-support portion 240. The central portion of the
exposed wire screen is expanded or stretched to form an outward bow shape
(refer FIGS. 18 and 20) to ensure that the resulting exposed screen
protuberance firmly contacts the PCB grounding pad 230.

[0289] Referring to FIG. 21, a prior approach is illustrated wherein
separate spring grounding clips 244 are each mechanically affixed to the
front plate 246 of a radio/CD player assembly 248 by a rivet 250 or other
suitable fastener. The rivets are required to establish an electrical
ground path as well as to mechanically secure the spring clips 244 to the
front plate 246, adding labor, cost and complexity to the manufacturing
process.

[0290] Front Plate with Integral Assembly Fixturing (5)

[0291] Using a plastic front plate enables assembly fixturing for the CD
mechanism and circuit boards for slide lock and snap lock assembly
instead of the screws used in a traditional receiver.

[0292] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, guideways in the form of slotted
extensions 126 and 128, as well as locator/retention features 144 and 146
integrally formed on the reverse (inside) surface of the front plate 70
provides a number of significant advantages in the manufacture and final
assembly of the radio/CD player 62 by reducing product part count,
assembly time, and substantially eliminates dedicated hard fixturing and
tools to affect assembly.

[0293] Thermal Management System for Vehicular Radio Application (7)

[0294] The thermal devices are placed in a window in the plastic box_and
are attached to the heat sink, which is attached to the inside of the
box. This puts a plastic wall (a good insulator) between the heat sink
and the CD mechanism to minimize the temperature that a CD reaches inside
the box metal case. The thermal efficiency of this system eliminates the
need for a cooling/ventilation fan.

[0295] Referring to FIGS. 22-29, 41-43 and 159, an alternative embodiment
for affecting a screwless affixation of a convector or heat sink 252
within a radio/CD player 254 is illustrated. The heat sink 252 and
radio/CD player are substantially identical to the above-described heat
sink 72 and radio/CD player 62 in all material respects with the
exception of the features described immediately hereinbelow.

[0296] Referring to FIGS. 22-29, an electrical power device
retainer/backing clip 258 is formed of stamped, mild or spring sheet
steel and defines a generally rectangular body portion 258 and three
offset support members 260, 262 and 264 integrally inwardly and
downwardly depending from a lower edge 266 of body portion 258. Left and
right side retainer clips 268 and 270 integrally depend inwardly from
left and right side edges 272 and 274, respectively, of body portion 258.
Left and right heat sink retainer clips 176 and 278 integrally outwardly
extend from an upper edge 280 of body portion. A housing case retaining
clip 282 integrally extends inwardly from the central portion of the
upper edge 280.

[0297] Radio/CD player 254 has a polymer case 284 in which a port 286 is
formed in a left side wall portion 288. Three power circuit components
290, 292 and 294 are carried on a common PCB 296 within the case 284 in
register with the port 286. The power circuit components 290, 292 and 294
are mounted to the common PCB 296 by their respective lead frames which
are aligned with a plane defined by the left side wall portion 288. Thus,
unlike the power circuit components 118, 120 and 122 described in
connection with FIGS. 2-10 and 15 hereinabove, which are depicted as
being substantially rigidly affixed to their associated common PCB 98,
power circuit components 290, 292 and 294 are laterally displacable due
to bending of their leadframes.

[0298] As best viewed in FIGS. 24 and 25, the backing clip 256 is
installed by manipulating it to insert the free ends of the support
members 260, 262 and 264 into the case 284 through the port 286 above and
inwardly of the power circuit components 290, 292 and 294, respectively.
Insertion of the backing clip 256 is complete when its lower edge 266 is
substantially aligned with and adjacent the horizontal upper edge of the
port 286.

[0299] As best viewed in FIGS. 26 and 27, the backing clip 256 is then
rotated clock-wise from the perspective of FIG. 25 to the perspective of
FIG. 27. Insodoing, the support members 260, 262 and 264 reach behind
(internally within case 284) and abut the inside surfaces of the power
circuit components 290, 202 and 294, respectively. Support members 260,
262 and 264 act as individual cantilevered leaf springs which
continuously urge their respective power circuit components laterally
outwardly. As the backing clip 256 approaches its installed position
illustrated in FIGS. 26 and 27, its side retainer clips 268 and 270
extend within and snap-engage ramped catch openings 298 and 300,
respectively, securing the backing clip into intimate contact with the
outer surface of the left side wall portion 288 of the case 284.
Furthermore, case retaining clip 282 snap-engages a ramped, upwardly
extending retention tab 302 formed on an upper wall portion 304,
providing redundant retention with the case 284.

[0300] As best viewed in FIGS. 28 and 29, the heat sink 252 comprises a
stamped planer aluminum body 305 with three integral spaced locating tabs
306 extending downwardly from the bottom edge thereof and spaced left and
right integral locating tabs 308 and 310 extending upwardly from the
upper edge thereof. The heat sink body 305 forms a recessed portion 314
which, upon installation, extends laterally within the case 284 through
the port 286.

[0301] The heat sink 252 is installed by manipulating it in the position
suggested in FIG. 28 wherein each locating tab 306 engages its respective
tab receiving socket 312. The heat sink 252 is then rotated
counter-clockwise from the perspective and position of FIG. 28 to the
installed position of FIG. 29. Insodoing, upper tabs 308 and 310 snap
engage retainer clips 276 and 278, respectively, positively locking the
heat sink in its installed position.

[0302] When installed, the inner surface of the recessed portion 314 of
the heat sink 252 intimately abuts the outwardly directed (thermal
output) surfaces of power circuit components 290, 292 and 294 to provide
a heat dissipation path thereto. The resilient support members 260, 262
and 264 maintain the intimate contact between the power circuit
components 290, 292 and 294 and the heat sink 252. If required, thermal
grease can be applied to the inside surface of the recessed portion 314
to improve thermal conductivity.

[0303] Referring to FIGS. 41-42, a simplified, alternative embodiment of a
fastenerless thermal control system for an audio device 316 is
illustrated. The audio device 316 includes a case 318 enclosing a PCB
320. One (or more) power circuit components 322 have their lead frames
324 solder connected to the PCB 320 and is cantilevered therefrom. A
resilient power clip 326 is affixed to the PCB 320 and includes a
cantilevered resilient leaf spring 328 which continuously bears against
the inside surface of the power circuit component 322. A heat sink 330
has cooperating self-engaging/retaining features with the audio system
case 318. When in the installed position (FIG. 42) the inside surface of
the heat sink 330 is in intimate contact with the power circuit component
322, and is retained in contact by the constant urging of the leaf spring
328.

[0304] Referring to FIG. 43, the abovedescribed power clip 326 of FIGS. 41
and 42 is eliminated and a power circuit component 332 is solder
connected to a PCB by a lead frame 336 comprising both electrically
conductive lead elements 338 and a spring-like lead element 340. Spring
element 340 of the lead frame 336 serves to continuously urge the power
circuit component 332 to its illustrated position. When the heat sink 330
is installed, the spring lead element 340 will maintain the power circuit
component 332 in intimate contact with the heat sink 330.

[0305] Referring to FIG. 159, another simplified alternative embodiment of
a fastenerless thermal control system for an audio device 342 is
illustrated. The audio device 342 comprises a case 344 formed of
thermally insulating material. A PCB 346 is disposed within the case 344
which has a power circuit component 348 cantilever affixed thereto via
its lead frame 349 positioned adjacent a thermal port 350. A
retainer/backing clip 352 is snap-engaged with a feature 353 on the
exterior of the case 344 and includes a resilient integral support member
354 extending through the port 350 and continuously resiliently urging
the power circuit component 350 toward the port 350. A heat sink 356
snap-engages with features on the case 344 and backing clip 352 to retain
it in its illustrated position wherein the power circuit component 348 is
maintained in intimate contact with the inner surface of a recessed
portion 358 of the heat sink 356 extending through the port 350.

[0306] Convection air flow (arrows 359) can be provided by providing inlet
and outlet windows 360 and 262 in the case 344. A pocket 364 formed on
the outer surface of the heat sink 356 as part of the recessed portion
358 can be filled with a thermally conductive material 366 to increase
the effective thermal mass of the heat sink 356 and to improve radiant
thermal rejection as indicated by arrows 368.

[0307] Low Cost Structural Support for CD Changer For Vehicular Radio
Application (8)

[0308] Using a plastic box for the receiver enables low cost location and
support for the CD mechanism and enables for slide lock assembly instead
of the screws used in a traditional receiver. The brackets on the CD
mechanism have a 1° taper that matches a 1° taper on the
support shelf in the plastic box. This makes it easy for an operator to
start the slide, but all of the clearances go to zero as the box snaps
into place providing a strong rattle free assembly without the use of the
traditional screws.

[0309] Referring to FIGS. 30-36, 151, 152 and 160, the details of the
mounting of the CD player subassembly 66 within the housing case 68
(refer FIG. 3) are illustrated in a simplified form. FIGS. 30-32
represent a longitudinal cross-section of a case guideway 370, including
a rear wall portion 372 taken just laterally inside of the right side
wall portion (not illustrated) of a housing case 374 to illustrate the
spacial cooperation between the case guideway 370 and a right side CD
player mounting bracket 376 during the insertion thereof in the assembly
of a radio/CD player 378. A minor-image case guideway is integrally
formed on the opposite, left wall portion of the case 374.

[0310] The guideway 370 is integrally formed with the right sidewall
portion (not illustrated) and the rear wall portion 372 of the housing
case 374, projecting laterally therefrom. The guideway 370 is generally
"C" shaped, having laterally disposed upper and lower leg portions 380
and 382 extending longitudinally the entire depth of the case 374. The
leg portions 380 and 382 form continuously converging or tapered surfaces
384 and 386, respectively, which are offset by an angle α
(nominally 1°) vertically centered above and below a longitudinal
assembly axis 388. The mounting bracket 376 is preferably stamped from
sheet aluminum or similar material and is also generally "C" shaped,
having a vertical portion 390 and laterally disposed upper and lower leg
portions 392 and 394 extending longitudinally substantially the entire
depth of the case 374. The leg portions 392 and 294 form continuously
converging or tapered surfaces, respectively, which are offset by an
angle φ (nominally 1°). The mounting bracket 376 has a leading
edge surface 400 which, upon assembly, approaches the inside surface 402
of the case rear wall portion 372. The vertical portion 390 of the
mounting bracket 376 has a rearwardly directed integral tab 404 extending
from edge surface 400. The tab 404 has a localized upset bead or rib 406.

[0311] The CD player subassembly is installed by manually aligning the
leading edge surface 400 of the mounting brackets 376 with the opening
408 of the guideway 370 (refer to FIG. 30) and rearwardly displacing it
along the assembly axis 388. FIGS. 31 and 151 illustrate a mid-point in
the insertion process wherein the guideway surfaces 384 and 386 remain
substantially parallel to the cooperating mounting bracket surfaces 396
and 398. The guideway serves to register, align and guide the insertion
of the mounting brackets 376. As the CD player subassembly 66 approaches
the installed position depicted in FIGS. 32 and 152, the guideway
surfaces 384 and 386 contact the mounting bracket surfaces to effectively
provide a zero-tolerance interfit therebetween. This ensures precise
positioning and effectively eliminates squeaks and rattles in
application. As best viewed in FIGS. 32-36, in the installed position,
the tabs 404 slip-fit penetrate into an opening or recess 410 in rear
wall portion 372. The upset rib 408 forms an interference-fit within the
window 410 to lockingly engage the CSD player subassembly 66 within the
case 374.

[0312] Referring to FIG. 153, an alternative mounting configuration of an
installed CD player subassembly 412 within a housing case 414 is
illustrated. A sidewall 416 of the case 414 integrally defines a guideway
417 which extends laterally outwardly to form facing acutely offset
cooperating upper and lower guide surfaces 418 and 420, respectively
Likewise, the CD player subassembly 412 carries left and right mounting
brackets 422 (only one is illustrated) having acutely inwardly angled
upper and lower legs 424 and 426, respectively, defining upper and lower
surfaces 428 and 430, respectively.

[0313] Referring to FIG. 154, an additional alternative mounting
configuration of an installed CD player subassembly 432 within a housing
case 434 is illustrated. A sidewall 436 of the case 434 integrally
defines a guideway 438 which extends laterally inwardly to form opposed
acutely offset cooperating upper and lower guide surfaces 440 and 442,
respectively. Likewise, the CD player subassembly 432 carries left and
right mounting brackets 444 (only one is illustrated) having acutely
outwardly angled upper and lower legs 446 and 448, respectively, defining
upper and lower surfaces 450 and 452, respectively.

[0314] A localized area of wire screen 454 can be formed in the guideway
438 to affect a ground path between the CD player subassembly 432 and the
case 434.

[0315] Referring to FIG. 160, an alternative guideway 456 for the CD
player mounting bracket 376 (refer FIGS. 30-32) has upper and lower leg
portions 458 and 460, each having a tapered, increasing thickness in the
vertical dimension along their longitudinal extent (along the assembly
axis 462. Upper and lower guide surfaces 464 and 466, respectively, are
offset by angle α. Outer guideway edge surfaces 468 and 470 have a
slight reverse taper at an offset angle ε (approximately
1°-3°) to provide release draft for the injection molding
process.

[0316] Wire Mesh for Structural Component (9)

[0317] Molding in metal mesh into the plastic receiver case and front
plate increases the strength of the material (much like putting re-bar
into_concrete) while still weighing less than a steel case. The gauge of
the wire forming the mesh can be increased and the amount of plastic
material can be substantially reduced, resulting in a very thin wall,
robust structure.

[0318] As an alternative to the structure illustrated in FIG. 37, the
plastic can be eliminated from the center portions of some or all of the
individual side, front, back, top and/or bottom panel portions of the
case and front plate. This configuration would have the appearance of a
screen box, with a molded plastic peripheral frame circumscribing each
panel portion.

[0319] Referring to FIG. 37, a lightweight automotive audio system 471 can
include a housing case 472 constructed of a composite of polymer based
material with a wire screen 474 insert molded therein to isolate audio
components therein from various electrical anomalies. To further reduce
overall weight, the gauge of the wire screen can be increased whereby the
screen contributes a significant component of the resulting overall
structural strength of the case, while the nominal section or thickness
of the polymer material can be substantially reduced. By way of example,
the case 472 top and bottom wall portions 476 and 478, respectively, and
left and right side wall portions 480 and 482, respectively, injection
molded into a single unified structure, with the enlarged gauge wire
screen 474 insert molded adjacent the inner surfaces thereof. Edges and
corners of the case 472 formed at the intersection of two or three
adjacent wall portions can be locally thickened to increase structural
rigidity of the case 472 as well as to provide internal and external
mounting and interface ports. The intersecting edges of the top wall
portion 476 and the left and right side wall portions 480 and 482,
respectively, form thickened left and right upper edge frames 484 and
486, respectively. Likewise, the intersecting edges of the bottom wall
portion 478 and the left and right side wall portions 480 and 482,
respectively, form thickened left and right lower edge frames. Lower edge
frames 488 and 490 are locally vertically extended openings 492 and 494
for exposing the wire screen 474 to establish electrical contact with
contact clips 496 and 498 carried by PCBs 500 and 502, respectively,
interconnected by pin connectors 504 within the case 472.

[0320] Referring to FIG. 150, the example embodiment of FIG. 37 is further
modified to form an extremely lightweight case 506 constructed of polymer
based material and wire screen 508. Case 506 is configured so that some
or all of the wall portions comprise a polymer frame 510 about the
perimeter thereof and the wire screen 508 closing the center portion of
such wall portions. Portions of the wire screen 508 adjacent edges of the
case 506 are affixed to the frame 510 such as by insert molding.
Attachment features such as mounting flanges 512, tab receiving
extensions 514, ramped snap-engagement features 516 can be molded as an
integral portion of the frame 510. Ports, such as wiring harness
interconnections 518 and 520, and coaxial cable antenna interconnections
522 can be easily molded within an extended frame portion 524. Windows
526 and 528 can also be formed in extended frame portion 524 for
electrically interconnecting the wire screen 508 with internal
components.

[0321] Flexible Molded Linkage for Rear Loaded Pushbuttons (10)

[0322] This concept is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,384,355 B1 to M.
Murphy et al. entitled "Parallel Guide Mechanism for a Switch" which is
commonly assigned to the assignee of interest of this application. The
specification of U.S. Pat. No. 6,384,355 is hereby incorporated herein by
reference.

[0323] Living Hinge Button Linkage (11)

[0324] The basis of 4-bar button linkage is described in U.S. Pat. No.
6,384,355, the specification of which is incorporated herein by
reference. It utilizes thin walls on each end of a base and top plate to
control the motion of a button. However, this approach allows the button
to slightly rotate if someone presses on the extreme left or right edge
of the button. The living hinge is an improvement/modification of the
idea where the thin walls are replaced with relatively thick walls, which
are necked down at the intersection with the button and the top plate to
form a living hinge and complete the 4-bar linkage. This concept can be
applied in a treed button system.

[0325] In essence, the thin wall approach results in flexing or
deformation of the wall, which will produce variations in the spacing
between the associated hinges of each link. This can cause wobble or
relative motion between the portion of the button extending through an
opening in the user access panel. If the spacing tolerance between the
button and the adjacent access panel opening is excessively small, the
button can jam and cease to function. If the spacing tolerance is too
great, it can result in undesirable squeaks and rattles.

[0326] In the present invention, the links are relatively inflexible
(except in the integral hinge area), resulting in the spacing between the
adjacent hinges to remain substantially constant. This will provide a
smooth, substantially linear motion of the button, mitigating the under
and over tolerance problems of certain prior art approaches described
herein above.

[0327] Referring to FIGS. 44-47, an example of prior flexible molded
linkage for rear loaded pushbuttons is illustrated. A pushbutton linkage
system 530 includes a base member 532 and a top plate 534 spaced above
the base member 532 and integrally interconnected thereto by front and
rear vertical members 536 and 538, respectively. The front and rear
vertical members 536 and 538 have a thin wall section along their
vertical extent and are relatively flexible. The top plate 534 has an
extension 540 formed therein which, in application, extends through an
opening 542 within a panel 544 such as a radio trim panel to provide
operator access by manual actuation as indicated by arrows 546, 548 and
550. The push button linkage system 530 is typically nested within a
switch housing assembly 552 consisting of a rigid housing portion 554 and
resilient, non-conductive material 556 which maintains spacing between a
fixed electrical contact and a movable electrical contact (not
illustrated). When the extension 540 is depressed by an operator, the top
plate 534 moves to the left, momentarily closing the two electrical
contacts. When released, the top plate 534 returns to its illustrated
position, opening the electrical contacts. When actuated along the
centerline of the top plate 534 designated by axis X-X as indicated by
arrow 546, it will translate left and right, without pitch or yaw.
However, if actuated from an off center direction as depicted by arrows
548 and 550, it will pitch and/or yaw, as illustrated by axis X'-X' due
to the flexure of the distributed displacement of members 536 and 638 as
best seen in FIG. 47. As a result, the associated switch mechanism can
malfunction due to binding between the extension 540 and the panel 544.

[0328] Referring to FIGS. 48-50, a simplified embodiment of the present
invention is illustrated. A push button linkage system 558 comprises an
elongated, horizontally disposed base member 560 and an elongated,
horizontally disposed top plate 562 positioned above and parallel to the
base member 560. Front and rear vertical links 564 and 566 interconnect
the front and rear ends of the base member 560 and the top plate 562,
respectively. The base member 560, top plate 562 and interconnecting
links 564 and 566 are integrally molded or extruded as a single component
from homogeneous, relatively rigid material such as nylon. The front link
564 defines a relatively thick sectioned middle portion 568, upper and
lower end portions 570 and 572, respectively, and intermediate transition
portions 574 and 576. Likewise, the rear link 566 defines a relatively
thick sectioned middle portion 578, upper and lower end portions 580 and
582, respectively, and intermediate transition portions 584 and 586.

[0329] The upper end portion 570 of the front vertical link 564 integrally
transitions into the bottom front corner of the top plate 562 as a web or
first flexible living hinge. The upper end portion 580 of the rear
vertical link 566 integrally transitions into the bottom rear corner of
the top plate 562 as a web or second flexible living hinge. The lower end
portion 572 of the front vertical link 564 integrally transitions into
the top front corner of the base member 560 as a web or third flexible
living hinge. The lower end portion 582 of the rear vertical link
integrally transitions into the top rear corner of the base member 560 as
a web or forth flexible living hinge. Thus constituted, the push button
linkage system 558 comprises four rigid links arranged as a parallelogram
with their respective adjacent ends attached at hinge points.

[0330] In application, the linkage system is nestingly received within a
switch assembly 588 including a housing 590 which fixedly restrains the
linkage base member 560 and means for continuously urging the linkage top
plate rightwardly toward its position depicted in FIG. 48 such as a
resilient, elastomeric foam block 592. A pair of switch contacts 594 and
596 are aligned within the switch housing 590, with one contact 594 fixed
to an inner surface 598 of the housing 590, and the other contact 596
carried on a rear edge surface 599 and movable with the linkage top plate
562 between an open position, spaced from contact 594 (FIG. 48) and a
second position engaging the other contact 594 (FIG. 49) to establish an
electrical interconnection therebetween.

[0331] The front end of the linkage top plate 562 forms an integral
rightwardly directed extension 600, which passes through an opening 602
formed in a panel 604 such as the trim plate subassembly 74 described in
connection with FIG. 3 hereinabove. Manual displacement of the extension
600 indicated by arrow 606 causes the living hinges to affect pure
rotation about their mutually parallel axes, transitioning the top plate
562 (and movable contact 596) to the position indicated in FIG. 49.

[0332] Empirical development and analysis has demonstrated that a switch
assembly 588 with the linkage system 558 described herein is
substantially impervious to off-angle actuation.

[0333] Referring to FIG. 50, a plurality of switch assemblies 588 can be
ganged to form a compact, multi-function control panel such as the trim
panel 74 in FIG. 3. The linkage system 558 can be expanded for
multi-switch applications by lateral extension of a common base member
560 to support multiple sets (4 are depicted) of spaced top plates 610a-d
separately interconnected to common base member 560 via respective front
vertical links 612a-d and rear vertical links 614a-d. Each top plate
610a-d has an extension 616a-d, which register with similarly spaced
openings 618a-d in a common panel 619. Each of the four linkage systems
depicted in the ganged linkage systems 620 in FIG. 50 function
independently of one another, although various electrical
interconnections of the respective contact pairs (not illustrated) can be
configured to interact. Although fully functional as described, the
extensions 600 and 616a-d are preferably configured to receive, support
and illuminate decorative, indicia bearing front loaded actuator buttons
as described in connection with the device of FIG. 170.

[0334] Slide-Lock Snap-Lock Screwless Assembly Method (13)

[0335] Using plastic for a receiver case enables low cost assembly of the
components. The circuit boards and the CD mechanism can slide into place
and then be locked or they can be snapped into place without screws. This
reduces the number of parts required in the assembly and reduces the
amount of direct and indirect labor to put a receiver together. The
plastic case can be easily molded into a net shape forming the slides and
snaps needed for assembly.

[0336] Referring to FIGS. 2-10 and 22-29, the apparatus and assembly
method described substantially reduces the labor and component cost of
the radio/CD player 62, as well as the required capital costs.
Furthermore, it substantially enhances product quality by substantially
eliminating the possibility of extraneous or missing (small) parts and/or
improper assembly.

[0337] EMC, RFI, BCI, ESD Wire Mesh Protection System (14)

[0338] Using the molded in metal mesh in the receiver plastic box that is
grounded to the circuit boards creates a Faraday cage that provides
shielding protection for RFI (Radio Frequency Interference), EMI (Electro
Magnetic Interference), BCI (Bulk Current Injection), and ESD
(Electrostatic Discharge).

[0339] Refer to FIGS. 16 and 37 and their associated descriptions.

[0340] Partitioned Main Board into Common and Unique (15)

[0341] Using the principle of communization and modularity, the receiver
main board has been divided into a common board and a unique board. This
is counterintuitive because a single board is less expensive than two
boards performing the same function. However, the common board contains
all surface mount components (no stick lead or wave solder) and very
large volumes can be produced without reconfiguring the
assembly/production line. This will substantially reduce the
manufacturing cost of this portion of the main board.

[0342] Referring to FIG. 15, automotive audio systems are unique in that
they are typically designed in modular form and, in response to the
requirements of individual customers, are produced by assembling
individual units from varied combinations and permutations of modularized
subcomponents. This, however, can be contrary to the manufacturing
doctrine of large enterprises wherein large volume production of common
designs is preferred for its inherent efficiencies. In the practice of
the present invention, the individual electrical components to be
assembled on the circuit board subassembly 64 are segregated into those
which will be employed in each specie and sub-specie in a given product
family. The commonly employed circuit elements (typically surface mount
devices) are assembled on the "common" PCB 98. The application specific
circuit elements (typically "stick" mount devices) are assembled on the
"unique" PCB 100. The common PCB 98 is assembled employing highly
automated manufacturing techniques for maximum efficiency, while the
unique PCB 100 are assembled employing a different mix of labor and
automation to maximize overall efficiency. Standard connector assemblies
736, 738 and 740 are provided on the common PCB 98 for interfacing the
radio/CD player 62 with speakers, ground, power and associated
control/readout systems via wire harnesses. A standard coaxial cable
connector 742 is also provided on the common PCB 98 for interfacing with
a vehicle antenna system.

[0343] An audio product manual entitled "2004 Model Year Ford Freestar
Radios" (Document Number 04-RDPD-12-MA-F), dated 7 Oct. 2005, describes
in detail the circuit architecture of a family of modern automotive audio
systems developed and produced by the assignee of this application. In
addition, the manual enumerates the individual electrical components
employed and their arrangement in various audio subsystems. In the
practice of the present invention, the listed individual electrical
components would be segregated into the common PCB 98 and unique PCB 100
in keeping with the teachings herein. Accordingly, the above referenced
audio product manual is incorporated herein by reference for the sake of
completeness and to serve as a resource in understanding and practicing
the present invention.

[0344] Referring to FIG. 164, an alternative embodiment of an audio system
1622 has a one-piece plastic housing 1624 defining a rear wall portion
1626 and a bottom wall portion 1628. Rather than providing discrete
connector assemblies, such as assemblies 736, 738 and 740 in FIG. 15,
with each including an insulating shell portion and a number of connector
pins affixed to the PCB 98, an insulating shell is eliminated for each
connector and replaced by an outwardly opening niche or pocket 1630
integrally formed on one of the case wall portions (for example, the rear
wall portion 1626). Associated connector pins 1632 are affixed to a PCB
1634 and extend through registering openings 1636 in a case wall 1638
segment forming the niche 1630 in a direction parallel to an assembly
axis 1640. The case wall segments 1638 defining the niche 1630 also
include integral attachment features for the mating wiring harness plug
(not illustrated). This feature reduces part count and cost while
conserving space within the audio system housing assembly.

[0345] Fault Codes to Replace in-Circuit Test (16)

[0346] In the present invention, a form of "self test" is employed and the
normal in-circuit test with its expensive fixtures, long test cycle time
on_expensive equipment is replaced by a simple fixture that powers up
the_microprocessor and activates embedded test codes that asks the micro
to communicate with each of the other ICs on the board and return any
fault codes. This is a much lower cost approach, which will accomplish
most of the benefit of an in-circuit test.

[0347] Referring to FIG. 55, prior manufacturing of automotive audio
devices typically employed dedicated test equipment located at the end of
an assembly line which serially initiated, ran, completed and recorded
performance tests for each unit before initiating testing of the
next-in-line unit. Such prior art testing sequences typically followed
the following process steps. The test is initiated at step 744, the
tester performs a fault test at step 746 for a first integrated circuit
(IC) 748. After waiting for and recording the IC#1 test results, the
tester advances to step 750 and performs a fault test for a second IC
752. After waiting for and recording the IC#2 test results, the tester
advances to step 754 and performs a fault test for a third IC 756. After
waiting for and recording the IC#3 test results, the tester advances to
step 758 and performs a fault test for a forth IC 760. After waiting and
recording the IC#4 test results, the tester proceeds serially to test
every additional IC in the unit under test. Once all of the ICs have been
tested and the results recorded, the test is terminated at step 762.

[0348] Referring to FIG. 56, the present invention saves substantial time
in end-of-line testing by embedding the test routines within the memory
and microprocessor contained within the audio unit being tested. This
allows simultaneous testing of multiple audio units and virtually
eliminates "wait-time". The testing sequence of the present invention
follows the following process steps. The test is initiated at step 764
and the tester sends a "start test" message to the audio product at step
766 which initiates a subroutine in an on-board microprocessor for fault
testing other ICs within that audio product at step 768. The on-board
testing performs fault tests and collects results for each IC 770, 772,
774 and 776 within the audio product at step 778. Thereafter, the
accumulated test results for the audio product are sent to the production
line tester at step 780. Immediately following step 766, the tester
immediately sends a "start test" message to the next audio unit in the
production queue at step 782 without waiting for the results of
previously initiated tests. This testing technique continues as long as
there are audio products in the manufacturing queue to be tested. When
the queue is empty, the testing is ended at step 784.

[0349] WWV Time Set for Radio (17)

[0350] In the alignment of a radio, one of the steps taken is to calibrate
the local oscillator. This is done by comparing the natural frequency of
the oscillator to a known standard and recording the difference as an
offset, which is stored in memory and is used to make sure the clock is
accurate.

[0351] Referring to FIG. 57, a typical prior art process for calibrating
the local oscillator of an automotive radio comprises the steps of
measuring the resonator frequency at the point of manufacture at step
786. Thereafter, an offset value reflecting the difference between the
radio oscillator and a known standard is calculated at step 788. Finally,
the calculated offset value is programmed into memory of the specific
automotive radio at step 790. Thereafter, once the automotive radio is
installed in a host vehicle and is in the field, the radio reads the
offset value from its internal memory at step 792. Lastly, the automotive
radio periodically updates its time of day display based upon the read
offset value at step 794.

[0352] In the present invention, the need for a known standard and running
this test at all in the factory is eliminated. The radio will be
programmed to tune to WWV on 100 KHz periodically and use their
calibration frequency as the known standard for calculating the offset.
The correct time will also be updated when this takes place.

[0353] Referring to FIG. 58, a simplified process for easily and reliably
updating the time of day indication for an automotive radio is described,
involving receiving a time of day signal from a World Time Clock at step
796 and then periodically updating the time of day indication of the
automotive radio in response to the time of day signal from the World
Time Clock.

[0354] Devices such as automotive radios/CD players use a low cost
resonator circuit to provide a reference frequency for the Time of Day
(TOD) Clock. Due to inherent inaccuracies in this resonator frequency,
periodic adjustments must be made to the TOD to retain it's accuracy.
Previously, during the production process, the frequency of the resonator
is measured and it's actual value is compared to an expected value. This
difference is then stored into product memory and the TOD clock is
periodically updated. This method requires a special process during
production (i.e. a high capital investment) to measure the resonator
frequency. In the present invention, during normal operation, the
receiver can periodically tune to the World Time Clock (WWV) and receive
a time signal. This time signal can then be used to update the TOD clock.
This inventive method does not require a special manufacturing process
and can be accomplished using existing product hardware design.

[0355] The accuracy of a free running clock is limited by accuracy of the
underlying crystal. A 25 ppm (parts per million) error in crystal
frequency results in over a minute error per month for a clock. The
traditional solutions are to either purchase expensive high accuracy
crystals or to align the crystal circuit for each individual unit.
Alignment can be by either physically adjusting the crystal circuit or by
providing a frequency offset to software. Either case requires highly
accurate measurement of the actual circuit frequency. Additionally,
alignment only corrects the nominal crystal error. It does not compensate
for temperature or age drift.

[0356] An alternate solution is to use a cheaper, lower accuracy,
unaligned circuit to maintain the running time and to periodically
correct the time setting by referencing an external highly accurate
clock. WWV provides such an external signal on multiple radio
frequencies. The unique part of this solution is the shared use of a
general purpose AM/FM receiver block with a method to avoid the
disruption of the use of the tuner and minimize the use of standby
current.

[0357] The algorithms illustrated in FIGS. 87-89 collectively allow a
single tuner to be used both as a general purpose AM/FM receiver and to
maintain the accuracy of a free running time of day clock. It also
affects minimal current draw when the unit is battery powered.

[0358] The controlling factors for determining when to update the clock
are the minimum update time and the maximum update time. For a typical
clock that displays minutes, these two times should be less than the time
for the worst case drift of the running timer to accumulate 15-20 seconds
of error. The minimum update time limits the rate of updates to minimize
potential disruptions and current usage. The time limit should be set
based on the time for the free running timer to accumulate significant
error (e.g., 5 seconds of drift). If the radio is already in a high
current operational state and the timer is not in use (for example, the
radio is in CD mode), an attempt to update the time occurs immediately.
The update is also delayed, if the tuner is currently being used (i.e.,
the user is listening to an AM or FM broadcast). If the radio is in a low
current state, a time update attempt is delayed until the maximum update
time is exceeded.

[0359] Referring to FIG. 87, a process for updating the time of day
indication of an automotive radio comprises the steps of initiating a
time of day indication update at step 800. Initially, a logical step 802
determines if a minimum time since the last update has expired. If no,
the process is ended at step 804. If yes, process moves to a logical step
806 which determines if the ignition in "on". If no, the process moves to
a logical step 808 which determines if the maximum time since the last
update has expired. If no, the process is ended at step 804. If yes, the
tuner is powered up at step 810. If the ignition is on, the process
determines if the tuner is presently in use at logical step 812. If yes,
the process is ended at step 804. If no, the radio tunes to a known WWV
frequency at step 814. Thereafter, the process moves to a logical step
816 which determines if a valid time signal is present. If no, it
determines if there are alternative frequencies left and there is no user
request at the tuner at logical step 818. If yes, the process returns to
the input of step 814. If no, the process is ended at step 804. If a
valid time signal is present, the process updates the free running time
at step 820. If the free running time update is successful, the process
saves the time of the last update at step 822. If the free running time
update is not successful, the process is aborted and ended at step 804.

[0360] A dual level of service can be provided. As illustrated in FIG. 88,
the first level requires the user to manually set the time and simply
corrects for drift of the free running timer. This requires the tuner
only to be able to detect a 440-600 Hz tone present at the top of the
minute. The update of the free running timer simply rounds the current
time value to the nearest minute. This provides equivalent functionality
as a clock based upon either a high accuracy or aligned crystal based
system.

[0361] The simple drift correction process of FIG. 88 begins at step 824
and moves to logical step 826 which determines if there is a user request
for the tuner. If yes, the process is aborted and exits at step 828. If
no, the process moves to logical step 830 which determines if a top of
the minute tone is present. If no, the process returns to the input of
logical step 826. If no, the process rounds the free running time to the
nearest minute at step 832. The process then exits with an update at step
834.

[0362] As illustrated in FIG. 89, the second level of service is to
actually set the clock based on BCD encode time information in the WWV
signal. This method requires a more sophisticated decoder to detect the
100 Hz sub-carrier and decode the time information encoded in the
sub-carrier. On each update, non-volatile offsets for hours and minutes
would be added to the received values to compensate for time zones and
user "adjustments". The user would still have to have a method to adjust
the hours for setting the time zone. Optionally, the system could allow
the user to adjust the minutes offset, for people who wish to run their
clocks fast or slow on purpose. The primary advantage of this approach is
that if the running time value is lost (for example, after a battery
disconnect), the clock will recover with the correct time at the next
update. Furthermore, the clock will automatically adjust for daylight
savings changes.

[0363] Referring to FIG. 89, an exact time of day correction is initiated
at step 836 and thereafter moves to a logical step 838 which determines
if there is a user request for the tuner. If yes, the process aborts and
exits at step 840. If there is no user tuner request, the process moves
to a logical step 842 which determines if the decoding of the BCD time
signal is complete. If no, the process is returned to the input of
logical step 838. If yes, the process adds user offsets to the hours and
minutes settings at step 844. Thereafter a free running timer value is
set at step 846. Finally, the process exits with an update at step 848.

[0364] Guillotine Heat Sink (18)

[0365] The guillotine heat sink uses a flat aluminum plate as a heat sink.
It slides down a slot on each side of the plastic box until it comes to
rest on the quad bridge amplifier (QBA) IC and the power supply IC. Each
IC will have a silpad on top to provide compliance and facilitate heat
transfer. A downward force will be applied to the heat sink through a
molded leaf spring in the lid of the plastic bob when it is snapped into
place. An additional feature of the plastic box is to provide pillars
under the FR-4 board in the location of the power ICs to provide a
backstop for the leaf spring force.

[0366] Referring to FIGS. 38-40, a fastener-less electronic device 850
includes a housing assembly 852, an electrical assembly 854 and a heat
sink structure 856. The housing assembly 852 comprises a generally
box-like case 858 and a closure member 860. The case 858 and closure
member 560 form guideways for positioning and supporting the heat sink
856 and electrical assembly 854.

[0367] In the illustrated embodiment, the case 858 and closure member 860
are formed of polymer based material. The case 858 includes left and
right side wall portions 862 and 864, respectively, a lower wall portion
866 a rear wall portion 868 and a front wall portion (not illustrated)
substantially similar to the rear wall portion 868 in configuration and
function. The case 858 includes ramped, outwardly extending features 870
integrally formed on outside wall surfaces 872 which cooperatively engage
catch features 874 integrally formed on edges 876 of the closure member
860 which snap-lock with the ramped features 870 to affect tool-less,
fastener-less assembly of the case 858 and closure member 860.

[0368] Longitudinally extending inwardly opening guideways or slots 878
and 880 are formed in the lower portion of the left and right sidewalls
862 and 864 for slidably receiving edge surfaces 881 and 883 of a carrier
882 such as a PCB. First and second heat generating electrical components
884 and 886, respectively, are mounted to the upper surface 888 of the
PCB 882. Localized pillars 890 and 892 are integrally formed in the lower
wall portion 866 defining upper abutment surfaces 894 and 896,
respectively, supporting the lower surface 898 of the PCB 882 in
locations registering with the electrical components 884 and 886.

[0369] Vertically extending inwardly opening guideways or slots 900 and
902 are formed in the left and right case sidewalls 862 and 864 for
slidably receiving edge guide surfaces 904 and 906, respectively, of the
heat sink 856. Slots 900 and 902 are longitudinally aligned with the
electrical components 884 and 886 as well as the pillars 890 and 892. The
heat sink 856 is substantially planer and formed of aluminum. The heat
sink has a bottom edge 908 including two integrally formed extensions 910
and 912, respectively which laterally register with the electrical
components 884 and 886, respectively. The heat sink extensions 910 and
912 are configured to either bear downwardly against the exposed upper
heat liberating surfaces of the electrical components 884 and 886 or,
alternatively, can support "silpads" or similar thermal coupling devices
914 and 916 therebetween.

[0370] A leaf spring 911 is integrally formed within an opening 913 in
closure member 860. The leaf spring 911 extends as a cantilever
downwardly below a lower surface 918 of the closure member 860. The leaf
spring 911 is elongated along an axis that extends laterally and in
register with a top edge 920 of the heat sink 856.

[0371] The electronic device 850 is assembled simply by manually engaging
the edge surfaces 881 and 883 of the PCB 882 of the electrical assembly
854 within the slots 878 and 890 and displacing it rearwardly into its
illustrated design position. Next, the edge surfaces 904 and 906 of the
heat sink 856 are manually positioned in their respective vertical slots
900 and 902 and the heat sink lowered "like a guillotine" until its
extensions 910 and 912 abut their respective heat generating components
884 and 886 (possibly with an intermediate silpad 914 and 916). The
closure member 860 is then manually snapped into its illustrated
assembled position wherein the leaf spring 914 continuously bears
downwardly against the top edge 920 of the heat sink 856 for radiating
heat away from the heat generating components 884 and 886.

[0372] Button Tree Concept (19)

[0373] In the button tree concept, as many buttons as possible are treed
together in the molding process to reduce handling of buttons in
subsequent operations. The paint fixture will be placed on a machine that
singulates the tree and transfers the buttons to the trim plate. Buttons
are currently molded one-up and must be placed in the paint fixture one
at a time and then transferred to the trim plate one at a time.

[0374] Referring to FIGS. 51-54 and 170, a method and apparatus for
efficiently fabricating push buttons and assembling the push buttons on
associated individual actuator devices, such as the switch assemblies
described in connection with FIGS. 48-50 herein, as part of an automotive
audio system assembly is described hereinbelow.

[0375] Overall, the inventive process is outlined in FIG. 51 in a number
of process steps including initiating the process at step 922, molding a
plurality of buttons as a set or subset on a common tree or gate with the
individual buttons positionally juxtaposed in an end-application
orientation at step 924, inserting the button (sub)set into a paint
fixture in an end-application orientation in step 926, painting selected
surfaces of each button of the (sub)set of buttons while in the fixture
at step 928, trimming extraneous material from each button at step 930,
singulating the buttons of the (sub)set by removing the common tree while
maintaining them in fixed juxtaposition at step 932, simultaneously front
loading the (sub)set of buttons through assigned end-application
apparatus trim plate openings associated with the associated individual
actuator devices at step 934, and ending the process at step 936.

[0376] Referring to FIGS. 52-54, a simplified application of the present
inventive concept is described for the sake of clarity. FIG. 52
represents a standard automotive radio receiver 938 including a front
trim plate 940 and various operator controls and displays such as an
on-off-volume and treble-bass control 942, a tuning and speaker balance
control 944, an liquid crystal (LCD) display 946 and a ganged array of
push buttons 948-958. Each of the push buttons 948-958 are front mounted
(i.e. applied to trim plate 940 of the radio receiver 938 from the front)
engaging individual associated actuator devices (not illustrated) located
behind the trim plate 940.

[0377] The typical prior approach of producing such a receiver would
entail either individually injection molding each of the push buttons or
molding them on a common tree, but with no regard to their relative
juxtaposition during the molding process vis-a-vis their relative
juxtaposition in their end application. This is because the individual
push buttons are typically immediately separated from their common tree
and thereafter handled and processed separately.

[0378] The present invention, in essence, maintains a set or subset of
buttons destined for a common end application in a fixed juxtipositional
relationship corresponding to their end application design arrangement
from their initial formation during the molding process, through
trimming, decorating, painting, finishing, singulation (i.e. removal from
their tree/gate) and installation in an end-application apparatus.

[0379] Referring to FIGS. 52-54, for purposes of the present example, it
is assumed that the dimensional constraints and layout of the push
buttons 948-958 in the radio receiver 938 prohibit simultaneous molding
of all six push buttons 948-958. A preferred option, then, is to
separately injection mold two subsets of push buttons. A first subset 960
containing alternating push buttons 948 ("A"), 952 ("C") and 956 ("E"),
connected by a common tree/gate 962, is illustrated in FIG. 53. A second
subset containing alternating push buttons 950 ("B"), 954 ("D") and 958
("F"), connected by a common tree/gate, is not illustrated. As
illustrated in FIG. 54, the two subsets of push buttons are
interdigitated to assume their end-application orientation when placed in
a processing fixture 964. The push buttons remain in the fixture in their
relative end-application orientation through all of the above-described
processing steps. As a final step, automated equipment simultaneously
removes the six push button set from the processing fixture 964 and
simultaneously installs them in the radio receiver 938. In addition to
substantially reducing labor cost, this novel process virtually
eliminates improper assembly of the push buttons and many other common
quality related issues.

[0380] Referring to FIG. 170, a single front loaded color shifting push
button 966 is illustrated in an installed position on a back loaded
actuator control member 968 extending through an opening 970 in a trim
panel 972 of an audio device 974. The core 976 of push button 966 is
formed of clear material suitable for back-illumination by a light
emitting diode (LED) 978 mounted axially within the control member 968.
Prior to final assembly, the push button 966 is processed as described
hereinabove, including the application of overlayments of a light
diffusing layer 980, a light fluorescing layer 982, a coloration
under-layer 984, and a decorative opaque topcoat 986 forming decorative
indicia and clear or translucent light transmitting regions 988. It is
also contemplated that other related process steps, such as dual or
tri-shot, multi color injection molding techniques and second surface
decorative finishing can be employed within the present invention.

[0381] Screwless Power Clip (20)

[0382] The screwless power clip is an extension of a clip that Grundig
uses in automotive radios produced in Europe today. The Grundig clip uses
a long lever arm that must be snapped after the PCB is assembled into the
metal wrap around. This requires an operator to reach in with a tool and
snap (distend and release) the clip.

[0383] In the present invention, the long lever arm is eliminated. The
present invention uses the assembly action of hooking the bottom of the
heat sink into plastic stirrups and rotating the top of the heat sink
until it snaps at the top of the plastic box to provide the lever action.
This assembly technique can be accomplished by an operator without the
use of expensive or specialized tools.

[0384] An additional approach to this idea is to eliminate the clip
altogether and to employ a spring material as part of the lead frame.

[0385] Refer to FIGS. 41-43, described hereinabove.

[0386] Adjustable Shelf Case

[0387] In this mechanical configuration the case starts out as a sheet
metal sleeve. Plastic inserts for the left and right side are then
snapped into place that contain/define slides for the circuit boards and
for a plastic shelf that would hold the CD mechanism at the proper height
for registering with its associated CD slot. The back of the receiver
would be an aluminum plate guillotine heat sink that slides in slots in
the back of the plastic inserts.

[0388] Referring to FIGS. 59-69, an automotive audio system 990 is
configured to be hand assembled and is virtually fastener-less.
Furthermore, this embodiment is easily reconfigurable, both at the time
of original manufacture and later in service life to facilitate field
repairs and change-over to upgraded technology. The audio system
comprises a simple sheet metal housing sleeve 992 defining left and right
side walls 994 and 996, respectively, a bottom 998, a top 1000, and front
and rear openings 1002 and 1004, respectively. Plastic inserts 1006 and
1008 are snap-engaged adjacent the inner surface of the left and right
walls 994 and 996, respectively, within the sleeve 992 by a system of
resilient tabs 1010 integrally formed as cantilevers within inserts 1006
and 1008 and cooperating locking holes 1012 formed in the top 1000 and
bottom 998 of the sleeve 992. Each resilient tab 1010 includes a
vertically extending pin 1011 integrally formed thereon. The inserts 1006
and 1008 have a plurality of vertically spaced, longitudinally extending
mirror-image slots and grooves 1014 formed therein for receiving audio
components such as a radio receiver circuit 1016 carried on a PCB
assembly 1018, and a CD player subassembly 1020 carried within a vented
inner sleeve 1022. The sleeve has a vertically disposed heat shield 1024
affixed to the rear surface thereof which, in assembly, bifurcates the
cavity defined by the sleeve 992 into a relatively warm rear portion
containing the heat generating electrical power devices 1026 on the PCB
assembly 1018, and a relatively cool front portion containing the CD
player subassembly 1020 as well as the low power electrical components on
the PCB assembly 1018. A trim plate subassembly 1028 snap engages the
sleeve 992 to close the open front end 1002.

[0389] Referring to FIGS. 59-66, a modified "guillotine" type heat sink
1030 closes the open rear end 1004 of sleeve 992 by sliding vertically
downwardly through a recess 1034 formed in the rear portion of the sleeve
992 and edge engaging vertical slots 1036 formed in the inserts 1006 and
1008. The heat sink 1030 forms convection air cooling openings 1038,
audio system interconnection ports 1040, and electrical power device
attachment passages 1042 therein. The attachment passages 1042 register
with their respective electrical power devices 1026 whose profile
outlines are indicated in phantom at 1044. The electrical power devices
are attached to the inside surface 1040 of the heat sink 1030 by screws
(not illustrated) extending inwardly through passages 1042 or
alternatively, by other screw-less resilient means as described elsewhere
herein. Ports 1040 register with audio system connecter assemblies 1048
carried on the rear portion of the PCB assembly 1018.

[0390] FIGS. 60-64 illustrate the structural detail of the right side
insert 1008. The slots 1014 are equally dimensioned and equally
vertically spaced whereby the side edges of the PCB assembly can
longitudinally slide therein. The CD player subassembly retaining inner
sleeve 1022 has convection cooling passages 1050 in the top surface
thereof and parallel, longitudinally extending guide bosses 1052
projecting laterally outwardly from the sleeve left and right side walls
to engage the slots 1014 in the inserts 1006 and 1008.

[0391] The heat sink 1030 form left and right vertical edge surfaces 1054
and 1056, respectively. The edge surfaces 1054 and 1056 define opposed
upper steps 1058 and 1060, respectively, and opposed lower steps 1062 and
1064, respectively. The heat sink is manually installed by orienting its
lateral edges 1054 and 1056 within the opposed vertical slots 1036 formed
in the inserts 1006 and 1008, and lowering in into its installed
position. Refer FIG. 68. As the heat sink 1030 descends, the lower step
1064 in the edge surface 1056 will initially slidingly engage a retention
tab 1006 (refer FIG. 66) which is integrally formed with insert 1008 and
extends (in the relaxed condition) downwardly and laterally inwardly,
forming a downwardly facing catch or abutment surface 1068. As the heat
sink 1030 further descends, the lower step 1064 will momentarily displace
the free end of the retention tab 1066 laterally outwardly. Refer FIG.
67. As the heat sink 1030 approaches its design intent installed
position, the upper step 1061 will vertically align with the abutment
surface 1068 of the retention tab 1066, which will snap back into its
relaxed position, thereby positively locking the heat sink 1030 in the
installed position. Refer FIG. 68. The heat sink 1030 assumes its
installed position when the lower step 1064 contacts a base surface 1070
of the insert 1008.

[0392] The PCB assembly 1018 and the CD player subassembly 1020 are
installed like drawers, and can be conveniently exchanged and
repositioned within the confines of the sleeve 992, requiring only the
replacement of the trim panel 1028 to accommodate any new configuration.

[0393] Referring to FIG. 69, an alternative method of interconnecting a CD
player subassembly inner sleeve 1072 with a left side insert 1074 and a
PCB assembly 1076 within a housing sleeve 1078 of an alternative
automotive audio system 1080 is illustrated. The only material difference
of the embodiment of FIG. 69 contrasted with the embodiment of FIGS.
59-68, is the insert 1074 forms vertically spaced longitudinal slots 1082
and the inner sleeve 1072 forms cooperating laterally outwardly extending
longitudinal guide bosses 1084 which are of a dovetail configuration to
laterally interlock the two.

[0394] Fold-Up Case

[0395] In this mechanical configuration, the case starts out as a flat set
of plastic sides with molded in metal mesh to act as the hinges for
folding the case into a three-dimensional structure. This approach allows
for bottom-up assembly that starts by snapping the board to molded
features in the bottom plate. The heat sink is snapped to features in the
back plate and the CD mechanism is attached to the front plate with two
screws. The box is then folded up and snapped together.

[0396] The common edges of adjacent case panels define living hinges
extending partially or entirely along the length thereof. The living
hinge can consist of wire mesh only, where there is a gap in the plastic
material, as illustrated in FIG. 74. Alternatively, the living hinge can
comprise a thin web of plastic only, wherein the wire mesh has been
interrupted. In another embodiment, the plastic-wire mesh composite can
be molded to define a thin web as the living hinge, as illustrated in
FIG. 71. In another embodiment, the plastic-wire mesh composite can be
crushed or deformed to define the living hinge, as illustrated in FIG.
76. Finally, a portion of the plastic and/or wire mesh can be scribed or
machined away to expose the wire mesh to define the living hinge. If the
case material is thin enough at the hinge point, the hinge can be
segmented, rather than continuous.

[0397] Referring to FIGS. 70-77, several variants of a housing assembly
1086 for an automotive audio system 1088 are illustrated. This version of
the audio system 1088 is configured to be hand assembled and is nearly
fastener-less. The fasteners which are employed are extremely elemental
and require only the most rudimentary of hand tools to affect assembly.
In essence, the audio system housing assembly 1086 comprises a case
portion 1090 and a closure member or front plate 1092. The case 1090 is
presented to the assembler in an unfolded, two-dimensional arrangement
whereby he/she can easily complete the final assembly process on a table
top, eliminating complex and expensive tooling fixtures and multiple work
stations.

[0398] The case portion 1090 is initially created as a sheet-like preform
1094 consisting of a number of flat panels interconnected along their
adjacent edges. As best viewed in FIG. 70, the preform 1094 defines five
distinct panels, which will constitute a bottom or lower wall portion
1096, a right side wall portion 1098, a left side wall portion 1100, a
top or upper wall portion 1102 and a rear wall portion 1104. The adjacent
panels are commonly joined or integrally interconnected by living hinges
1106, enabling the panels to be repositioned normally to one another to
form a three-dimensional box-like case 1090.

[0399] The preform 1094 can be die cut from a continuous sheet of source
material or, alternatively, injection molded in a net shape as
illustrated in FIG. 70. In either case, the material employed to make the
preform is a composite of at least one layer of relatively rigid polymer
based material and at least one layer of electrically conductive material
capable of shielding audio components, such as a radio receiver circuit
1108 or a CD player subassembly 1110 from electrical anomalies such as
radio frequency interference (RFI), electromagnetic interference (EMI),
bulk current injection (BCI), and electrostatic discharge (ESD).
Cooperating engagement features such as tabs 1112 and catches 1114 are
affixed to or integrally formed with the preform 1094. Refer FIGS. 72 and
73. By way of example, after installation of the internal subcomponents,
the case preform is folded to assume its ultimate box-like configuration.
This places cooperating associated pairs of tabs 1112 and catches 1114 in
an assembly orientation with the tab 1112 carried on the edge of one
panel (the right side wall portion 1098, for example) and the catch 1114
carried adjacent the edge of a now adjoining panel (the rear wall portion
1104, for example). Final structural fixation of the preform 1094 in the
form of the housing case 1086 is completed by simply snap-engaging the
tab 1112 with the catch 1114 from the configuration of FIG. 72 to the
configuration of FIG. 73. After all of the tab 1112/catch 1114 pairs are
interconnected, the formation of the case 1090 is complete.

[0400] Prior to folding up the case 1090, the radio receiver circuit 1108
is positioned and affixed to the exposed surface of the lower wall
portion 1096. A heat sink 1116 is similarly positioned and affixed to the
exposed surface of the rear wall portion 1104. The positioning and
attachment of the internal components can be accomplished by features
integrally formed in the formation of the preform 1094 (such as snaps,
locating guides and the like), adhesives, discrete attachment and guide
elements or inter-engagement with the various wall portions and other
assembly elements within the case 1090.

[0401] After formation of the case 1090, the CD player subassembly 1110
can be pre-assembled with the closure member 1092 via screws 1118 or
other interconnecting features described herein. A rear bracket 1124
secured to the back side of the CD player subassembly 1110 by screws 1122
includes a rearwardly extending threaded post 1124 which, upon final
assembly extends through registering passageways 1126 in the heat sink
1116 and rear wall portion 1104 and engages a mounting bushing 1128. This
arrangement provides an extremely robust overall structure to the overall
audio system.

[0402] The electrical components comprising the radio receiver circuit
1108 are arranged on a "common" component PCB 1130 and a "unique" PCB
1132. The common and unique PCBs 1130 and 1132 are electrically
interconnected by a ribbon connector 1134. The heat generating electrical
components 1136 are arranged on the common PCB 1130 and are affixed to
the heat sink 1116 by screws 1138 or other suitable means, to enhance
thermal coupling therebetween. Electrical connectors 1140 and 1142 are
also arranged on the common PCB 1132 in register with port openings 1144
and 1146 in the rear wall portion 1104 of the case 1090. A vertically
opening electrical socket 1148 is centrally disposed in the unique PCB
1132 to receive a rigid connector 1150 extending downwardly from the CD
player subassembly 1110. This arrangement electrically interconnects the
two audio components as well as provides structural support thereof.

[0403] One embodiment of the composite material employed for the housing
assembly 1086 consists of a layer of elastomeric material 1152 with a
continuous wire screen 1154 insert molder therein adjacent an interior
wall surface 1156 of the composite structure. Referring to FIG. 71, the
living hinges can be formed by an extremely locally thin (or
non-existant) layer 1158 of polymeric material and the wire screen 1156.

[0404] Referring to FIG. 74, air vents 1160 can be provided in the case
1090 by locally eliminating the polymeric material layer 1152 while
maintaining the continuity of the wire screen 1156 to permit airflow, as
indicated by arrows 1162, therethrough.

[0405] Referring to FIG. 76, an alternative living hinge 1164 can be
formed post-production of the composite material by pressing alternating
undulations 1166 therein along the axis of the intended living hinge
1164.

[0406] Referring to FIG. 75, a first process for producing composite
material is illustrated, including drawing polymeric sheet material off
upper and lower continuous rolls 1168 and 1180 to enclose an intermediate
layer of wire screen from a third roll 1172. The three discrete sheets
are heated at station 1174, rolled together at station 1176, cured at
station 1178, cut-off or die cut to form performs at station 1180,
scribed, punched treated and/or formed at a station 1182, and, finally,
assembled at a workstation 1184.

[0407] Referring to FIG. 75, a second, alternative process for producing
composite material is illustrated drawing a continuous sheet of wire
screen off a roll 1186 and drawing it through a continuous
extruder/molder 1188 to form the composite structure. Thereafter, the
composite sheet is shaped at station 1190, cut off and/or punched at a
station 1192, and, finally, assembled at a work station 1194.

[0408] Assembly of the audio system 1088 is completed by affixation of a
trim plate subassembly (not illustrated) such as the device described in
connection with FIGS. 2-10 hereinabove.

[0409] I-beam

[0410] In this mechanical configuration, the case starts out as a "I-beam"
allowing the CD mechanism to be attached (bottom-up) to the top of the
I-beam for high slot designs then the unit can be flipped over and the
board installed (bottom-up) on the bottom of the I-beam. The rectangular
solid nature of the I-beam allows it to sit squarely on a table top no
matter what the orientation eliminating the need for expensive fixtures
at each work station.

[0411] Referring to FIGS. 78 and 79, an automotive audio system 1192 is
configured to be hand assembled and is virtually fastener-less.
Furthermore, this embodiment provides a partition structure providing
upper and lower (reversible) assembly surfaces with integral closure
members. The audio system 1192 comprises a simple sheet metal housing
sleeve 1194 defining left and right side walls 1196 and 1198,
respectively, a bottom 1200, a top 1202, and front and rear openings 1204
and 1206, respectfully. An H-shaped (when viewed from the side) partition
member 1208 is configured and dimensioned to establish a slip-fit within
the sleeve 1194. The partition member 1208 is constructed of upper and
lower U-shaped sheet metal channel portions 1210 and 1212, respectively.
The upper channel portion 1210 comprises a horizontal base portion 1214,
a laterally extending vertically upwardly directed front panel 1216 and a
laterally extending vertically upwardly directed rear panel 1218. The
lower channel portion 1212 comprises a horizontal base portion 1220, a
laterally extending vertically downwardly directed front panel 1222 and a
laterally extending vertically downwardly directed rear panel 1224. When
the partition 1208 is in the installed position illustrated in FIG. 79,
the two front panels 1216 and 1222 are substantially co-planer and close
the front sleeve opening 1204. Likewise, when the partition 1208 is in
the installed position, the two rear panels 1218 and 1224 are
substantially co-planer and close the rear sleeve opening 1206.
Accordingly, the sleeve 1194 and the partition member co-act to define a
substantially closed housing assembly 1226, which is subdivided into
upper and lower chambers or cavities. A trim plate subassembly 1228 snap
engages the sleeve 1194 to complete the assembly of the audio system
1192.

[0412] In addition to serving as a closure member, the partition member
1208 is configured to facilitate the installation of audio system
subcomponents such as a radio receiver circuit subassembly 1234
(illustrated in phantom) and a CD player subassembly 1236 (illustrated in
phantom). Prior to its insertion into the sleeve 1194, the partition
member 1208 serves as a reversible assembly fixture that can be
conveniently applied on a flat work surface, without dedicated, expensive
hard fixtures and tools. For example, with the partition member 1208
disposed in the illustrated, upright position, the radio receiver circuit
subassembly 1234 can be manually installed on the horizontal base portion
1214 and/or the inner surfaces of the vertical panels 1216 and 1218 from
above via self-positioning, self-engaging attachment features (not
illustrated) of the types described elsewhere herein. Thereafter, the
partition member 1208 can be inverted and the CD player subassembly 1236
can be manually installed on the horizontal base portion 1220 and/or the
inner surfaces of the vertical panels 1222 and 1224 from above via
self-positioning, self-engaging attachment features (not illustrated) of
the types described elsewhere herein. Note that, in this scenario, the CD
player subassembly would be installed from above, but in the inverted
position.

[0413] The vertical height (H2) of the panels 1222 and 1224 of the lower
U-channel portion 1212 are dimensioned approximately 150% greater than
the vertical height (H1) of the panels 1216 and 1218 of the upper
U-channel portion 1210. This relationship permits the audio system 1192
to be easily reconfigured between a top-mount CD player or a bottom-mount
CD player (by way of example only) either in the factory or in the field,
merely with the replacement of the trim panel subassembly 1228.

[0414] The U-channel portions 1210 and 1212 can be formed as a single
integral unit, can be fabricated separately and subsequently joined such
as by welding, or can be pre assembled with their respective audio
component subassemblies and separately installed within the sleeve 1194.
Certain details, such as the heat sink, electrical connectors, and the
like have been deleted here to avoid redundancy. It is contemplated that
such features, as described elsewhere herein, can be applied in the
present embodiment.

[0415] Interlocking Block/Clam-Shell

[0416] In this mechanical configuration, the bottom of the case is plastic
and contains slots for the assembly of the boards. The sides of the case
bottom provide a shelf for the CD mechanism to sit on. The back of the
case contains a vertical slot for a guillotine heat sink to be installed.
The top of the box, also plastic, then slides over the CD mechanism and
heat sink and snaps to the bottom trapping all of the components in
place. A plastic molded leaf spring in the back of the top would apply a
controlled down force on the heat sink for good thermal transfer from the
power devices.

[0417] Referring to FIGS. 80-82, an automotive audio system 1238 is
configured to be hand assembled and is virtually fastener-less.
Furthermore, this embodiment provides a "clam shell" type case assembly
wherein one of the case halves can be employed as an assembly fixture.
The audio system 1238 comprises a housing assembly 1240 including upper
and lower case halves 1242 and 1244, respectively. With the exception of
specifics described hereinbelow, the case halves 1242 and 1244 are
substantially symmetrical. The upper case half 1242 is shaped generally
as an inverted "U", including a top wall portion 1246 and left and right
downwardly extending integral half-walls 1248 and 1250. The lower case
half 1244 is shaped generally as a "U", including a bottom wall portion
1252 and left and right upwardly extending half-walls 1254 and 1256.
Collectively, the case halves 1242 and 1244 form front and rear openings
1257 and 1259. A trim plate subassembly 1258 serves as a front case
closure member and a "guillotine type" heat sink 1260 serves as a back
closure member.

[0418] The upper case half 1242 has a number of integrally formed
downwardly directed snap tabs 1262 extending from the half-walls 1248 and
1250 thereof which are configured to self-locate and self-engage a like
number of mating snap receiving recesses 1264 integrally formed in the
half-walls 1254 and 1256 of the lower case half 1244. Similarly, the
half-walls 1248, 1250, 1254 and 1256 each have an integral forwardly
extending snap tab 1266 which self-locates and self-engages corresponding
snap receiving recesses 1268 integrally formed in left and right integral
mounting flanges 1270 (only the right flange is illustrated) in the trim
plate subassembly 1258 for the retention thereof with the audio system
1238.

[0419] The half walls 1254 and 1256 of the lower case half 1244 integrally
form lower longitudinally extending guideways in the form of opposed,
laterally facing slots 1272 and 1274 for slidably receiving the PCB of a
radio receiver circuit subassembly 1272 and upper longitudinally
extending guideways in the form of opposed stepped guide surfaces 1278
and 1280 for slidably guiding the bottom surface of a CD player
subassembly 1282. Resilient localized spring fingers 1284 are
cantilevered from the half-walls 1254 and 1256 to continuously bias the
CD player subassembly 1282 upwardly against an upper stop 1286 integrally
formed in the upper case half 1230 to prevent vibration and rattles. The
snap tabs 1262 extend laterally inwardly sufficiently to laterally
embrace the CD player subassembly 1282.

[0420] The lower case half 1244 has a longitudinally spaced pair of
cross-support members 1288 and 1290 integrally formed therewith defining
and framing a vertically extending slot 1292 therebetween. Likewise, the
upper case half 1242 has a substantially mirror image longitudinally
spaced pair of cross-support members 1294 and 1296 integrally formed
therewith defining and framing a vertically extending slot 1298
therebetween. The cross-support members 1288 and 1290 provide lateral
support for the upper rear portion of the lower case half 1244, and the
cross-support members 1294 and 1296 provide lateral support for the lower
rear portion of the upper case half 1242. The slots 1292 and 1298
longitudinally coincide for receiving the heat sink 1260 therein. A
finger spring 1300 integrally formed in the top wall portion of upper
case half 1242 extends as a cantilever and continuously bears downwardly
against the upper surface of the heat sink 1260 to prevent vibration and
rattles.

[0421] A major advantage of the present embodiment is that the lower case
half 1244 serves as an assembly fixture, which can be conveniently
applied on a flat work surface, without dedicated, expensive hard
fixtures and tools. Furthermore, all of the internal components can be
manually inserted within the lower case half 1244 from above before the
upper case half 1242 is snap-fit into place completing the assembly
process, with the sole exception of attaching the trim plate subassembly
1258.

[0422] "H" Shaped Case

[0423] In this mechanical configuration, the brackets traditionally placed
on each end of the CD mechanism become the left and right side of the
radio. These end brackets provide slots in the bottom for the boards to
be assembled and a slot in the back for a guillotine heat sink. The
bottom and top of the case are then snapped into place to complete the
assembly.

[0424] Referring to FIGS. 83 and 84, an automotive audio system 1302 is
configured to be hand assembled and is virtually fastener-less.
Furthermore, this embodiment employs a portion of the structure of an
audio component subassembly, such as a CD player subassembly 1304, to be
incorporated within a housing assembly 1306 of the audio system 1302 to
form a portion of the outer walls of the housing assembly 1306.

[0425] The CD player subassembly 1304 includes a generally rectangular
self-contained enclosure including top and bottom panels 1308 and 1310,
respectively, left and right side panels 1312 and 1314, respectively, a
front panel 1316 and a rear panel (not illustrated). The side panels 1312
and 1314 are extended vertically above the top panel 1308 and below the
bottom panel 1310. Furthermore, the side panels 1312 and 1314 are
extended longitudinally forward or the front panel 1316 and rearward of
the rear panel. Thus constituted, the CD player subassembly 1304, when
viewed by itself from the front or rear, is configured to approximate an
"H". The side panels 1312 and 1314 can be integral extensions of
traditional configuration side panels formed at the time of manufacture
of the CD player subassembly 1304 as an off-line process, or can be
formed as discrete elements and affixed to a conventionally configures CD
player during final assembly of the audio system.

[0426] The housing assembly 1306 includes an upper closure member 1318
configured as an inverted "U" defining a top portion 1320 and downwardly
directed, longitudinally extending left and right skirt portions 1322 and
1324, respectively. The housing 1306 includes a bottom closure member
1326 configured as a "U" defining a bottom portion 1328 and upwardly
directed, longitudinally extending left and right skirt portions 1330 and
1332, respectively. The side panels 1312 and 1314 combine with the upper
and lower closure members 1318 and 1326 to form a box-like case 1334
defining a front opening 1336 and a rear opening 1338. During final
assembly of the audio system 1302, the front opening 1336 is closed by a
trim plate subassembly 1340 and the rear opening 1338 is closed by a
"guillotine type" heat sink 1342. The side panels 1312 and 1314,
respectively, the upper and lower closure members 1318 and 1320,
respectively, and the trim plate subassembly 1340 are interconnected
during final assembly by cooperating self-locating, self-guiding and
self-engaging features integrally formed therein, such as, by way of
example, snap-lock features, as described elsewhere herein.

[0427] A first or upper cavity 1344 is formed within the case 1334
extending vertically between the top panel 1308 of the CD player
subassembly 1304 and the top portion 1320 of the upper closure member
1318. Similarly, a second or lower cavity 1346 is formed within the case
1334 extending vertically between the bottom panel 1310 of the CD player
subassembly 1304 and the bottom portion 1328 of the bottom closure member
1326. In the presently illustrated embodiment of the audio system 1302,
the upper cavity 1344 is employed for routing of electrical cables and
convection cooling air flow. The lower cavity 1346 is employed to enclose
a second audio subassembly, such as a radio receiver circuit subassembly
1348. The portion of the inner surfaces of the side panels 1312 and 1314
within the lower cavity 1346 have opposed, cooperating guideways 1350 and
1352 formed thereon for slidingly receiving and supporting side edge
surfaces 1354 and 1356 of a unique PCB portion 1358 of the radio receiver
circuit subassembly 1348. A common PCB portion 1360 of the radio receiver
circuit subassembly 1348 is supported by a second, lower set of guideways
(not illustrated). The common PCB portion 1360 carries electrical
connectors 1362, which are externally accessible through a port opening
1366 in the heat sink 1342, and electrical power devices 1364, which are
thermally coupled to engagement surfaces 1368 of the heat sink.

[0428] A significant advantage of the present embodiment is that material
(and weight) employed for the CD player subassembly closure panels and
the audio system case 1334 are conserved by the "compound structure" or
hybrid configuration described. Furthermore, the CD player subassembly
1304 serves as an assembly fixture, which can be conveniently applied on
a flat work surface in both upright and inverted positions, without
dedicated, expensive hard fixtures and tools.

[0429] Certain details, such as the snap-acting connector features, heat
sink details electrical connectors, and convection cooling passages have
been deleted here to avoid redundancy. It is contemplated that such
features, as described elsewhere herein, can be applied in the present
embodiment.

[0430] Laser Labeling of Plastic Case

[0431] Since the material for the receiver case will preferably be black
or a relatively dark colored plastic, the paper label that is normally
applied prior to shipment to identify the model of the radio and the
manufacturer and customer part numbers can be eliminated and the
information can be laser ablated onto the surface of the plastic at the
software programming station at the end of the production line. This
improvement not only eliminates the label (and one or more additional
part numbers), but also adhesive and/or pre-application backing material
which must be removed prior to label application. Furthermore, such
automated labeling directly on an outwardly visible surface of the radio
case, virtually ensures against production errors such as non-labeling
(producing radios without any label), mislabeling (producing radios with
a label bearing incorrect information) and misplaced labeling (proper
label incorrectly located so as to render it non-machine readable).

[0432] Filler material of a contrasting color can also be added during the
case molding process to render the laser produced label more easily
readable. Such filler material can constitute a distinct inner layer
extending throughout the entire part as molded, or can be applied only to
a localized region of interest on the molded part.

[0433] Referring to FIGS. 85 and 86, the physical assembly the automotive
radio/CD player 62 described hereinabove in connection with FIGS. 2-10 is
essentially complete when the trim plate subassembly 74 is affixed to the
closure member 70 which, in turn, has been previously affixed to the
housing case 68. For purposes of example, a region 1370 designated by an
outline 1372 is reserved on the right side wall portion 84 of the case 68
for the application of permanent product and customer related information
in both human and machine readable forms. The information is typically in
textual/numerical form 1374 and in bar code form 1376.

[0434] The laser labeling or ablating is affected in accordance with the
following process. The process is initiated at step 1378, either manually
or automatically. The process then flows to a step 1380 of confirming the
presence of a production unit 62 at a software programming station on or
adjunct to the production line. The process then flows to a step 1382 of
performing final programming and calibration of the production unit 62.
The process then flows to a step 1384 of performing an operation
functionality test. Next, the process flows to a step 1386 of assigning
unit specific data to that specific production unit 62. Next, the process
flows to a step 1388 of laser calibrating unit specific and generic data
in textual and/or bar code form, 1374 and 1376, respectively, within the
outline 1372 in the designated region 1370 on the external surface of the
case 68. Next, the process flows to a step 1390 of recording the data in
a memory device. Finally, the process flows to a step 1392 of ending the
program and awaiting the next in line production unit.

[0435] Hybrid Case

[0436] FIGS. 97-119 describe several variants of hybrid case structures
for radio/CD players adapted for automotive applications. A hybrid case
is constructed of different materials with disparate properties, such as
molded plastic portions in assembly with structurally supportive
(stamped) metal frame elements. All or portions of the plastic case,
including the faceplate, may have wire mesh insert molded therein to
shield against electrical anomalies. The metal frame elements primarily
serve to structurally reinforce the plastic portions and can also define
internal component and sub-assembly positioning/mounting features.
Typically, one or more localized regions of embedded wire screen are
exposed, either during the molding/formation process, or thereafter,
employing secondary operations. In assembly, the exposed regions are in
contact with the metal frame elements to ensure continuity of the
shielding effect. The hybrid cases illustrated if FIGS. 97-119 are
modified I-beam (refer FIGS. 78 and 79) and interlocking block/clam-shell
(refer FIGS. 80-82). The embodiment of the automotive audio system
described in connection with FIGS. 83 and 84 elsewhere herein is deemed
to be of hybrid construction.

[0437] The hybrid case typically includes top and bottom plastic covers of
polymer based material (preferably with molded-in wire mesh) and a
one-piece multi-fold sheet metal part or chassis to up-integrate all the
sheet metal parts together to reduce the screw fasteners, if not to
entirely eliminate them. This structure can also be employed in radio
architectures employing one-piece PCBs.

[0438] Referring to FIGS. 97-104 and 112-114, a first hybrid variant of an
automotive radio/CD player assembly 1394 includes a one piece multi-fold
sheet metal chassis 1396 which affixes a CD player subassembly 1398, a
radio receiver circuit assembly 1400 and a heat sink 1402 within the
radio/CD player assembly 1394. A ribbon or flex wire cable 1404
electrically interconnects the radio receiver circuit assembly 1400 with
the CD player subassembly 1398. Upper and lower plastic/wire mesh closure
members 1406 and 1408, respectively, in combination with the chassis
1396, defines a substantially closed housing assembly 1410. A trim plate
subassembly 1412 is affixed to the housing assembly 1410. A rear mounting
stud 1414 is affixed to a rearwardly directed member carried by the
chassis 1396.

[0439] Referring to FIGS. 105-111, a second hybrid variant of an
automotive radio/CD player assembly 1416 includes a one piece multi-fold
sheet metal chassis 1418 which affixes a CD player subassembly 1420, a
radio receiver circuit assembly 1422 and a heat sink 1424 within the
radio/CD player assembly 1416. A ribbon or flex wire cable 1431
electrically interconnects the radio receiver circuit assembly 1422 with
the CD player subassembly 1420. Upper and lower plastic/wire mesh closure
members 1426 and 1428, respectively, in combination with the chassis
1418, defines a substantially closed housing assembly 1430. A trim plate
subassembly 1432 is affixed to the housing assembly 1430. A rear mounting
stud 1434 is affixed to a rearwardly directed member carried by the
chassis 1418.

[0440] Referring to FIGS. 115-118, a third hybrid variant of an automotive
radio/CD player assembly 1458 includes a one piece multi-fold sheet metal
chassis 1460 which affixes a CD player subassembly 1462, a radio receiver
circuit assembly 1464 and a heat sink 1466 within the radio/CD player
assembly 462. A ribbon or flex wire cable 1468 electrically interconnects
the radio receiver circuit assembly 1464 with the CD player subassembly
1462. Upper and lower plastic/wire mesh closure members 1470 and 1472,
respectively, in combination with the chassis 1460, defines a
substantially closed housing assembly 1474. A trim plate subassembly 1476
is affixed to the housing assembly 1474. A rear mounting stud 1478 is
affixed to a rearwardly directed member carried by the chassis 1460.

[0441] Faceplate with Integral Lightpipe

[0442] Additional part count reduction and assembly simplicity can be
achieved by integrally forming light pipes within the front plate of the
radio/CD player employing a two-shot molding process. This eliminates or
substantially reduces the number of light pipes and fasteners. Refer FIG.
120. Overall quality is also improved by the elimination of the
possibility of misassembled and loose or misplaced parts.

[0443] The integrally molded light pipes facilitate the subterranean
lighting method currently used with side firing surface mount LEDs (5
total) that are attached to the back of the keyboard. Typically, a blue
LED distributed light through a clear polycarbonate light pipe and passes
the light through the pushbutton which is painted and laser etched for
the nighttime viewability of the graphics on the pushbuttons of the
radio. The LEDs are preferably mounted on the back of the keyboard. The
forward facing extensions depending from the light pipes typically extend
through registering holes (not illustrated) in the keyboard to
specifically illuminate a particular button or device on the keyboard.

[0444] The preferred material for the light pipe is polycarbonate as well
as the front plate. White polycarbonate would be used for the front plate
with an opacifier (to stop light bleed) to enable the light to be more
efficient passing there through. Black material would draw light energy
from the light pipe.

[0445] The present invention, now permissible because of the plastic front
plate, enables better assembly and better tolerance stack-up of parts.
This would take four separate parts and combine them into one. It also
opens up possibilities of using acrylic for the light pipe now there is
no need for a fastener or snap (acrylic is more brittle than
polycarbonate, but offers more preferred light characteristics for
different wavelengths of light over long runs).

[0446] The two-shot front plate with integral light pipes combines four
separate parts that must be assembled into one multi-functional part.
Typically, the light pipes must be assembled with relative accurate
locating features that are aligned to accommodate the minimized air gap
required for an efficient light entry from the source leds used to
illuminate the push buttons and halo rings of the trim plate assembly for
the radio. Often, these parts are fastened with snaps or screws or a
combination thereof to enable retention of the assembly under a multitude
of environmental and driving conditions. Due to the relative brittleness
of the better light pipe materials, screws may be required for the
material of the light pipe may not be robust enough to survive the stress
of a snap. These characteristics often make light pipe assembly a tedious
task for the assembler and the designer to provide the optimal light
delivery without degradation from misalignment or damage during the
assembly process.

[0447] The two shot plastic process enables combining two different
materials into a single piece part which in this case permits the best
features of both materials to perform the functions needed to achieve a
successful component. The light pipes can be the first shot to be ganged
to be consistently located in the most accurate locations needed for
optimal light entry from the leds and light exit for the respective
delivery points to the backlit areas of the trim plate assembly. The
second shot would enable the light blocking and the structural component
to provide the snap retention features of the front plate as well as the
normal front plate functional items.

[0448] Often the concern with light pipes might be the close proximity of
a black material that may absorb the light energy that travels through
the light pipe. This is typically why there is an air gap between any
black material component and any adjacent light pipe. To overcome this
potential degradation, the front plate can be molded with a white
material, even with an opacifier if needed. Another method would be to
limit the points of contact between the light pipe material and the
structural frame-like material component. This induces an air gap in the
areas of illumination and still provides interface between the materials
to form a single part.

[0449] The two shot process typically has a first shot of material into a
mold. Next the mold is rotated and the second shot of material is
provided to complete the part. In this case, the first shot would be the
light pipe portion, followed by the structural portion.

[0450] This inventive design will also offer greater flexibility for
assembling the trim plate and case assembly as well.

[0451] Although this lighting approach is primarily intended for use on
the front plate, it could also be employed in the radio case itself if a
controlled light output in non traditional directions from the radio
assembly is desired.

[0452] It is contemplated that screen mesh can be insert molded within the
front face simultaneously with the above described subterranean 2-shot
light pipe forming process. In this case, the screen mesh would
preferably be positioned inwardly of the light pipes within the front
plate structure. Alternatively, the screen and light pipe positions can
be reversed. However, this would be more complex and require that the
light pipe extensions pass through registering apertures in the screen.

[0453] Referring to FIG. 120, a known trim plate assembly 1480 is
illustrated to highlight the substantial complexity, high part count, and
design shortcomings resulting from providing back-illumination using
traditional design and assembly techniques. The trim plate assembly 1480
includes a black plastic front panel 1482 (with operator controls and
displays affixed on the opposed side), a printed circuit board (PCB) 1484
mounted on the exposed face of the front panel 1482, three separate and
discrete lightpipes 1486 mounted on the exposed face of the PCB 1484 by
eight fastening screws 1488 and five light emitting diodes (LEDs) 1490
carried on the PCB 1484.

[0454] Referring to FIG. 165, a generic two-shot injection molded article
1492 is formed from a two-shot molding process wherein the first shot is
of clear acrylic and results in a buried light pipe portion 1494 and an
extension portion 1496 directed toward the viewer (arrow) 1498. The
second shot is of white acrylic with an opacifier, simultaneously forming
a mask and robust structural element 1500. The mask/structural element
1500 is integrally formed with the lightpipe portion 1494 and extension
portion 1496. A pocket 1502 is formed in the mask/structural element 1500
for receiving an LED 1504 which is electrically interconnected with a PCB
(not illustrated) via leads 1506.

[0455] The two shot process eliminates the necessity for using separate
fasteners and permits use of optically preferable materials such as
acrylics. There are no small parts to come loose or be misassembled.

[0456] Referring to FIGS. 121-126, the structural configurations of the
first shot polymeric material and the second shot polymeric material are
illustrated separately and in combination. FIGS. 121 and 123 illustrate a
fully formed two-shot audio system housing assembly closure member 1508.
The closure member 1508 includes three lightpipes 1510, 1512 and 1514
formed as first shots of clear acrylic material. After final assembly
with the trim panel subassembly and PCB, five LEDs 1516, 1518, 1520, 1522
and 1524 will be arranged in respective pockets 1526, 1528, 1530, 1532
and 1534 for illuminating the lightpipes 1510, 1512 and 1514. Multiple
extensions 1536 extend outwardly (toward the trim plate assembly). The
closure member further includes a mask/structural portion 1538 formed as
a second shot of white acrylic material, including an opacifier. A shaped
opening 1540 is formed in the closure member 1508 to provide access to a
CD player subassembly behind the closure member 1508.

[0457] Referring to FIG. 122, the reverse side of closure member 1508
reveals only the second shot mask/structural portion 1538.

[0458] Referring to FIG. 124, a three dimensional envelope 1542 of the
mask/structural portion of the closure member formed by the second shot
alone is illustrated as viewed from the front side.

[0459] Referring to FIG. 125, a three-dimensional envelope 1544 of the
three lightpipes of the closure member formed by the first shot alone is
illustrated as viewed from the front side.

[0460] Referring to FIG. 126, the three-dimensional envelope 1544 of the
three lightpipes of the closure member formed by the first shot alone is
illustrated as viewed from the back side.

[0461] Media Drawer for Automotive Audio System

[0462] With the 2DIN radio or audio system configuration, there exists
enough internal volume within the housing assembly to configure the
pushbuttons and display layout to accommodate a front accessible area
that can enable a platform or drawer to hold multiple devices such as an
iPod® or similar player, and also a flash memory stick. This platform
or drawer would then be pushed and seated within the radio to enable a
secure mechanical retention as well as making an electrical connection to
allow the devices to be powered and communicate with the audio system
radio, even when the drawer is closed and secured.

[0463] The front of the platform or drawer matches the opening of the
radio chassis both aesthetically and structurally, and be of a style that
could be detached and applied to an updated or alternative platform or
drawer, should the desired devices change or evolve during the lifetime
of the host vehicle. The electrical and mechanical interconnects are
largely standardized and, thus, would be the same, enabling the consumer
to change the platform or drawer at any time depending upon his/her
personal requirements.

[0464] Presently, detachable faceplates for single DIN radios exist that
have both the electrical connection and mechanical retention that could
be used in this format. However single DIN radios are not large enough to
accommodate multiple audio subassemblies such as a radio receiver circuit
subassembly and a CD player subassembly while reserving enough contiguous
internal volume to accommodate a flush-mount media drawer.

[0465] The present invention allows the existing radio to be updated or
modified according to the wants and desires of the customer regarding the
preferred music device without having to remove the radio from the
instrument panel or impacting the normal production run of the radio. The
size of the platform or drawer would be a standard as well as the
electrical and mechanical interfaces to enable continuous offerings as
dealer and after-market stock for customizing the radio.

[0466] The nature of the component having electrical connection capability
enables incorporation of other desired features like "Bluetooth"®
connectivity as yet another option that could be incorporated into the
platform or drawer.

[0467] With front panel accessability, there would be the capability for
the radio manufacturer to provide reflash programming capability with
minimal service impact (like having to remove the radio from the
instrument panel), by using the electrical interconnect and to the access
provided to the radio by the present invention.

[0468] The present invention eliminates the need for costly harness
attachment through the glove box. It would maintain the device location
within the confines of the audio system/radio housing to prevent
contamination or damage and eliminate any issue with vehicle occupant
impact during a braking event or crash. Furthermore, when installed
within the drawer, the device is relatively secreted from view from
outside the host vehicle, and is thus less likely to attract unwanted
attention from a prospective miscreant. With the connection flexibility
due to the interchangeable platform or drawer, virtually any known device
can be accommodated to permit direct control through the radio, enhancing
driver/passenger convenience and safety as opposed to trying to control a
separate device away from the immediate driver view.

[0469] FIG. 127 illustrates known approaches for configuring ports within
an automobile 1546 for interfacing a personal portable digital device
(PPDD) 1548 with the an audio system 1550 embedded within the vehicle's
instrument panel 1551 to access the vehicle's electrical network. Most
typically, such capability is employed for playing pre-recorded music
files stored in the PPDD 1548 through the vehicle's speaker system. Ports
or auxiliary jacks 1552 most often are incorporated in the exposed front
face or control panel 1556 of the vehicle's radio. Interconnection of the
PPDD 1548 is affected by an umbilical cable 1558 extending therebetween.
Unfortunately, the PPDD 1548 is frequently placed in areas such as a
vehicle cup holder, ash tray, arm rest or the like not designed for
securing such articles. In addition to being aesthetically undesirable,
this can expose the PPDD to damage or theft, and can be distracting to
the driver. Furthermore foreign articles placed in vehicle passenger
cabins can pose an impact risk or entanglement between the umbilical
cable 1558 and vehicle occupants, controls or other electrical/electronic
devices (e.x. cell phones, laptop computers, portable DVDs, television
monitors, power/recharging cables, and the like). A partial solution has
been proposed of locating the port or auxiliary jack 1552' within the
vehicle's glove box. However, this can exacerbate the distraction issue
by locating the PPDD 1548' further from the driver's field of vision.
Furthermore, it can result in the vehicle being operated for sustained
periods with the glove box door remaining in the open position. Lastly,
PPDDs located in the glove box are subject to damage or inadvertent
resetting of their controls by impacting other objects in the glove box.
In both traditional locations, the PPDD is not typically secured and is
prone to falling or damage.

[0470] Referring to FIGS. 128-132, 166A and 166B, an exemplary embodiment
of this aspect of the invention is illustrated. A large format audio
system 1562 includes a plastic/wire screen composite case 1564 and a
plastic/wire screen composite closure member/front plate 1566 which
combine to form a housing assembly 1568. A front trim plate 1570 is
mounted to the closure member 1566 for installation in a host vehicle
passenger compartment or instrument panel for access by an operator or
passenger to the controls and displays arranged about the outer visible
surface 1571 thereof. A laterally elongated rectangular opening 1572 in
the lower portion of the front trim panel subassembly 1570 provides
access to a cavity 1574 within the housing assembly 1568. A media drawer
1576 is configured and dimensioned to be longitudinally inserted into
said cavity 1574 through the trim panel opening 1570 and, in application,
is manually operable for displacement between a "closed" position
illustrated in FIG. 130 and an "open" position illustrated in FIGS. 129
and 129.

[0471] The media drawer 1576 is configured to approximate a relatively
shallow, open-top box including a vertical front panel 1578, a bottom
panel or platform 1580, parallel left and right vertical side panels 1582
and 1584, respectively, and a vertical rear panel 1586. The panels 1578,
1580, 1582, 1584 and 1586 are integrally formed from injection molded
polymer material or, preferably, a polymer/wire screen composite.
Laterally outwardly projecting, longitudinally extending bosses 1588 are
integrally formed on the outer walls of the left and right side walls
1582 and 1584 to define drawer guide surfaces which mate with cooperating
guideways 1590 formed on the inner surfaces of the audio system case
sidewalls 1592, or other suitable internal housing assembly structure.
When the media drawer 1576 is closed, a front surface or face 1594 of the
front panel is substantially flush with the front face 1571 of the front
trim panel 1570.

[0472] The faces 1571 and 1595 are aesthetically stylized to mask or
obfuscate the presence of drawer 1576. Unobtrusive instructional indicia
1596 may be added on the front drawer surface 1594 as an aid for the
user. The bosses 1588 and cooperating guideways also include integral
features (not illustrated) to establish longitudinal stops, preventing
the media drawer 1576 from inward longitudinal displacement beyond the
position illustrated in FIG. 130 and outward longitudinal displacement
beyond the position illustrated in FIGS. 128 and 129.

[0473] Referring to FIGS. 129 and 130, the audio system 1562 includes
audio components such as a radio receiver circuit assembly 1598 and a CD
player subassembly 1600 mounted within the housing assembly 1568. As
described in greater detail elsewhere herein, the radio receiver circuit
assembly 1598 has its circuit components mounted on a unique PCB 1602 or
a common PCB 1604. A flexible, elongated cable 1606 is connected to the
common PCB via a plug 1608 at one end and to the rear panel 1586 via a
port 1610. The cable 1606 is routed above and behind the media drawer
1576, entirely within the housing assembly 1568, so as to be hidden from
the operator, and is long enough to maintain continuity between the
common PCB and the port 1610, independent of the position of the media
drawer 1576.

[0474] The cable 1606 can provide an electrical ground path between the
wire screen embedded within the media drawer to the wire screen embedded
within the housing assembly case 1564 and closure member 1566.
Alternatively, exposed adjacent wire screen portions in the media drawer
1576 and case 1564 can provide a direct, continuous ground path.

[0475] Referring to FIGS. 166A and 166B, additional convenience can be
provided in the operation of the media drawer 1576, by providing a
"push-push" type latching and unlatching mechanism 1612, which is known
in other unrelated applications such as push-button electrical switches.
For example, refer U.S. Pat. No. 5,727,675, the specification of which is
incorporated herein by reference. In essence, the push-push mechanism
1612 selectively interconnects the media drawer 1576 and the housing
assembly 1568 and provides a slight "lost motion" to the media drawer
1576 longitudinally inwardly of the position depicted in FIG. 130. As
illustrated in FIG. 130, the media drawer 1576 is latched in the closed
position, whereby vehicle operation will not result in unintended
opening. Whenever an operator desires to gain access to the media drawer,
he/she need merely momentarily push the drawer slightly longitudinally
inwardly. The inward movement of the drawer will release the latch 1614
and a compression spring 1616 will displace the drawer 1576 to the
position illustrated in FIGS. 128 and 129. Conversely. Whenever an
operator desires to close the media drawer 1576, he/she need merely again
push the drawer 1576 longitudinally inwardly to a position slightly
inwardly of that illustrated in FIG. 130 and thereafter release the
drawer 1576. This motion will cause the latch 1614 to self engage and the
drawer will again be fixed in the closed position of FIG. 130.
Alternatively, a handle or finger catch (not illustrated) can be
employed.

[0476] The media drawer 1576 is dimensioned and configured for flexibility
for receiving all known (current and future) PPDDs. However, as new
technologies emerge, it is envisioned that the drawer 1576 can be easily
exchanged for a newly configured design without modifying the host audio
system 1562 and vehicle. As described herein, many current PPDDs can be
interfaced with a host vehicle audio system simply by opening the media
drawer, plugging a PPDD 1618 into the port 1610 via a PPDD supplied
interface cable 1620, placing the PPDD 1618 and its cable 1620 into the
drawer 1576 and closing the drawer 1576.

[0477] Referring to FIG. 131, an alternative media drawer 1642 is
illustrated. The media drawer 1642 includes integrally formed front panel
1644, a bottom panel 1648, side panels 1650 and a rear panel 1652 similar
to those of media drawer 1576 described hereinabove. In some
applications, an application specific interface electronic device 1654
may be required to establish compatibility between a PPDD 1656 and the
host audio system. The electronic device 1654 can be built into the media
drawer 1642 and interconnected to the PPDD via a cable 1658 as well as
the host audio system as described elsewhere herein. Multiple,
supplemental non dedicated ports 1655 and 1657 can also be provided
within the media drawer 1642.

[0478] Referring to FIG. 132, a second alternative media drawer 1660 is
viewed from the rear, and includes a front panel 1662 and a bottom panel
1664. The front panel 1662 has interface wiring embedded therein and
provides multiple ports, such as a "memory stick" port 1666, a large
format connector (such as USB type) 1668 for attaching large, out-size
peripheral devices, as well as a port (not illustrated) for connecting
with a PPDD 1670. Hold-down features, such as integrally formed resilient
self-latching tabs depend from the platform/bottom panel 1664. Laterally
outwardly directed, longitudinally extending guide bosses 1674 can be
integrally formed in the bottom panel 1664.

[0479] Squirts

[0480] To further the innovative construction of the present invention,
"squirts" or screwless retention features are employed. Restated, squirts
are a drawn feature from a structural element, or a styled protrusion at
the interface of two structural elements. Although applicable broadly,
squirts are principally applied in the preferred embodiment of the
invention to secure the CD player subassembly to the left and right CD
player guide brackets. This allows the elimination of six additional
screws.

[0481] A squirt is a retention feature which is integrally formed in a
typically planer region of a structural member, such as a CD player guide
bracket, which extends above one surface thereof and, during assembly,
self-engages within an opening formed in an adjacent structural element,
such as a hole in the outer case of the CD player subassembly. Squirts
permit assembly of the guide brackets to the CD player assembly by hand
without the need for special fixtures and power tools.

[0482] The squirts are formed from stock material during formation of the
brackets themselves and do not add significant cost to the finalized
bracket component. Similarly, mating holes can be easily punch formed in
the adjacent case panels of the CD player subassembly.

[0483] In addition to reduced cost and ease of assembly, the squirt
self-aligns the respective components during the attachment process,
thereby ensuring their precise juxtaposition. Furthermore, the squirt is
permissive of lower tolerances in the forming and assembly of its
associated elements. In fact, the presence of slightly misshapen features
or metal flash resulting from low tolerance punching operations can
actually result in enhanced retention performance.

[0484] Referring to FIGS. 140-143, the application of "squirts" 1676 to
affix the left and right side mounting brackets, 106 and 108,
respectively to the multi-disc CD player unit 104 to form the CD player
subassembly 66, is illustrated. The squirts are preferable die-punch
formed simultaneously with the formation of the mounting brackets 106/108
themselves. It is noted that the brackets 106/108 can be configured
symmetrically, whereby one design can be used for both sides of the CD
player unit 104, thereby further reducing the overall part count. The
squirts 1676 are preferably formed on relatively regions 1678 of their
associated bracket 106/108. A single through passage 1680 if formed in
the planer region 1678. Two or more substantially symmetrical forms 1682
extend radially inwardly from the edge of the through passage 1680. Each
form 1682 has a neck region 1684 and a tapered region or sector 1686. The
tapered region 1686 is supported as a cantilever by the neck region 1684.
The tapered regions 1686 collectively co-act to define (in the case of
two forms) a bisected frustoconical form, wherein each tapered region
1686 defines an outside peripheral surface 1688 which are acutely
converging upon an axis normal to the planer region 1678. The taper of an
imaginary cone 1700 extended from surfaces 1688 is designated by the
angle ω. As illustrated by alternative phantom depictions, the
overall shape of the imaginary cone 1700 can be parabolic or hyperbolic.
The outer peripheral surface 1688 of each tapered region or sector 1686
has a circumferential range designated by the angle θ, which with
two forms is preferably in the range of 90°-120°.

[0485] In application, the collective outer peripheral surface of the
sectors 1686 engage a surface forming the outer diameter of a recess or
through hole 1702 in an adjacent structure 104 to which the bracket
106/108 is to be attached. As illustrated in FIG. 141, the maximum
diameter edge surface 1704 sectors 1686 effect line contact to maximize
pull-out performance.

[0487] Attachment of the squirt 1676 to an adjacent structures is affected
simply by aligning the sector 1686 with the through hole 1702 and
pressing inwardly, as indicated by the phantom finger tip and resultant
force arrow 1708.

[0488] Plug-in Satellite Communication Module

[0489] Satellite radio is enabled through three primary approaches in the
OEM radio market. There is an auxiliary box that plugs in-line to the
radio. There is a separate shielded and enclosed module that is attached
mechanically and electrically to the inside of the radio on the main
circuit board. They are typically enclosed by two die cast halves or a
sheet metal enclosure. There is also a component block of electrical
parts that is soldered to the main circuit board inside the radio that
may require a shield for electrical protection.

[0490] While these approaches enable satellite radio, the shortcomings are
they may require distinction of either XM or Sirius as the provider and
with the exception of the separate in-line auxiliary box, are not
upgradable should the provider change or hardware updates become
available.

[0491] The present invention employs a plug-in module enabling the OEM
radio to be configured at either end of the assembly area to accommodate
any satellite radio provider or hardware upgrade. Because it is a direct
plug-in to the radio, there is less reliability concerns than the in-line
auxiliary box and less real estate required in the vehicle. With the
module plugging into the rear of the radio, the module can be easily
changed or upgraded at the vehicle dealer or an aftermarket retailer by
simply extracting the radio, disconnecting the existing module, and
replacing it with a new module. The module has the integrated in-molded
mesh in plastic technology described elsewhere herein to provide any
required shielding/grounding. The plastic allows for slide lock, snap
lock assembly to the radio chassis. The electrical connection can be
through a docking style connector or even a ziff format ribbon cable
(similar to the CD mechanism). With internal attachment modules, there is
not the flexibility to interchange modules or upgrade without
disassembling the radio and desoldering the unit.

[0492] Another advantage of the plug-in module is the ease of assembly of
the module itself. The in-molded mesh in plastic approach allows for a
screwless assembly and provides less handling concerns over a die cast or
sheet metal enclosure. The cost should be substantially less than the die
cast and equal to or less than that of the sheet metal.

[0493] Referring to FIGS. 146-149, an automotive audio system 1710
includes a housing assembly 1712 enclosing one or more audio system
subassemblies, such as a radio receiver circuit assembly 1714. The
housing assembly 1712 includes a box-like housing case 1716 and a front
closure member (not illustrated) which enclose the audio system
subassemblies 1712. The housing case 1716 and the closure member are each
preferably formed as a composite including wire screen insert molded
within a polymer based material. FIG. 147 illustrates a left side wall
portion 1718, a rear wall portion 1720 and a bottom wall portion 1722 of
the audio system case 1716. All of the constituent wall portions of the
case 1716 are preferably injection molded as a single part to simplify
assembly, minimize part cost and to maximize the wire screen's
effectiveness in shielding the audio components from electrical anomalies
including RFI, EMI, BCI and ESD.

[0494] One of the wall portions (e.g. the rear wall portion 1720) has an
opening 1724 formed therein for receiving a plug-in module 1726 for
affecting satellite radio reception capability for the otherwise
terrestrial radio receiver 1714 within the audio system 1710. The radio
receiver circuit assembly 1714 includes a PCB 1728 carrying a docking
type connector 1730 aligned with the opening 1724 whereby an electrical
plug (not illustrated) carried on the plug-in module 1726 engages the
docking connector 1730 upon insertion of the plug-in module 1726 within
the opening 1724 as illustrated in FIGS. 146 and 147. Alternatively, an
elongated, flexible ribbon-type connector can be affixed the radio
circuit PCB 1728 which, when a plug-in module 1726 is to be installed, is
first manually drawn out of the case 1716 through the opening 1724,
attached to the module electrical plug, and reinserted back through the
opening 1724 in assembly with the module 1726.

[0495] The plug-in module 1726 includes a housing 1732 which is generally
rectangular in shape. The module housing 1732 has upper and lower wall
portions, 1734 and 1736, respectively, left and right side wall portions
(as viewed from the bask of the housing assembly 1712) 1738 and 1740,
respectively, a front wall portion (facing outwardly) 1742 and a back
wall portion 1744 (facing inwardly) 1744. The housing 1732 is preferably
formed as a composite including wire screen insert molded within a
polymer based material and has a "clam-shell" type architecture. The
housing can be assembled from two discrete elements, one including the
upper wall portion 1734 integrally formed with top half-wall portions of
the side walls 1738 and 1740, the front wall 1742 and the back wall 1744,
and the other including the lower wall portion 1736 integrally formed
with bottom half-wall portions of the side walls 1738 and 1740, the front
wall 1742 and the back wall 1744. Each of the two discrete elements can
include self-aligning, self-guiding and self-engaging features integrally
formed therewith. Alternatively, the two elements can be molded as a
single element with one set of opposed edges interconnected via an
integral web or living-hinge. For example, refer FIGS. 161-163. Upon
assembly of the plug-in module 1726, the electrical plug is supported at
and extends from the back wall portion 1744. A connector (co-axial) 1746
extends outwardly from the front wall portion which is adapted for
interconnection with a host vehicle satellite antenna system.

[0496] The wire screen contained within the plug-in module 1726 can be
grounded to the wire screen contained within the audio system housing
assembly 1712 by either providing adjacent exposed portions of wire
screen that are configured to remain in intimate contact or,
alternatively, they can be grounded remotely via mating conductors in the
associated radio connector and module plug.

[0497] The plug-in module 1726 is retained in its installed position
within the audio system 1710 by two, opposed snap-acting retention arms
1748 and 1750 integrally formed with the module housing 1732. Retention
arm 1748 includes a base portion 1752 integrally formed with the right
sidewall portion 1740 of the module housing 1732 and extending laterally
outwardly therefrom. The retention arm 1748 also includes an elongated
lever arm portion 1754 which is integrally formed with its associated
base portion 1752 and extends longitudinally rearwardly therefrom as a
cantilever beyond both the exterior wall portion 1742 of the module
housing 1732, and the housing case rear wall portion 1720. The
rearwardmost end of the lever arm portion 1754 is exposed and defines a
finger grip surface 1756. The lever arm portion 1754 forms a localized
laterally outwardly directed upset 1758 therein forming a forwardly
facing ramp surface 1759 and a rearwardly facing abutment surface 1760.
When assembled, the rearwardly facing abutment surface 1760 on the lever
arm 1754 longitudinally aligns with a forwardly facing abutment surface
1762 formed in the case opening 1724.

[0498] The other retention arm 1750 is a minor-image of retention arm 1748
and functions as described hereinabove. Retention arm 1750 has a
cantileverlever arm portion 1764 which extends rearwardly beyond both the
exterior wall portion 1742 of the module housing 1732, and the housing
case rear wall portion 1720. The rearwardmost end of the lever arm
portion 1764 is exposed and defines a finger grip surface 1766 laterally
opposite finger grip surface 1756 of lever arm portion 1754.

[0499] When the plug-in module is installed, guideways (not illustrated)
within the audio system housing assembly 1712 adjacent the opening 1724
cooperate with guide surfaces defined by outer surfaces of the module
housing 1732 to affect self-location, self-guiding and self-engagement of
the plug-in module 1726 within the audio system housing assembly 1712. As
the module enters into the opening 1724, the ramp surfaces 1759 cause the
lever arms 1754/1764 to be laterally displaced toward one another. Once
the abutment surfaces 1760 and 1762 align, the natural resiliency of the
lever arms will result in their snapping back into their illustrated
positions, thereby interlocking the module 1726 in its design location.
The module can be removed simply by simultaneously gripping the two
surfaces 1756 and 1766 and squeezing them together, thereby releasing the
respective pairs of abutment surfaces 1760 and 1762.

[0500] Although much of the forgoing description has been focused on
automotive audio based entertainment systems, the explosive growth of
communications and navigation technologies have somewhat blurred their
traditional distinctions. This issue is particularly acute in automotive
systems and personal portable digital devices. Referring to FIGS.
161-163, as an example, a telematic device, i.e. a device employed for
one or two way communications is illustrated. The telematic device 1768,
when packaged for automotive application, employs design methodologies
which overlap into traditional, purely passive automotive entertainment
systems. The telematic device 1768 of the present invention includes a
one-piece housing 1770 molded as a composite of polymeric material with a
wire screen insert such as described elsewhere herein in the context of
other applications.

[0501] Referring to FIGS. 167-169, the "slide-lock" and "snap-lock" aspect
of the inventive features described elsewhere herein is also applied to
assembly of a closure member or front plate 1772 with trim plate
subassembly 1774 including a display/control panel PCB 1776, a trim plate
bezel 1778 and a trim plate facia 1780. The front plate 1772 is injection
molded of relatively rigid polymer based material, and includes features
integrally formed therewith for affecting fastener-less interconnection
with the housing case (not illustrated) of a lightweight automotive audio
system 1782. Although the closure member 1772 is depicted as being formed
entirely of polymer based material, it is contemplated that it could have
a composite structure of polymer and electrically conductive material
such as wire screen. Furthermore, the closure member could also be
injection molded of optically optimized material such as acrylic in a
two-shot process for integrating light pipes therein to provide back
illumination of trim plate controls and displays. In this case, the light
pipes would include a number of integral, longitudinally outwardly
directed extensions passing through registering apertures in the
display/control panel PCB 1776 (not illustrated).

[0502] Preferably, the closure member 1772 includes several split
snap-catches 1782 extending forwardly from the closure member front
surface 1786. The snap-catches 1784 extend through registering apertures
1788 in the display/control panel PCB 1776. Each of the snap-catches 1784
also include an integral standoff 1790 which functions to space the PCB
from the closure member front surface 1786 to provide component clearance
and enhance cooling. The closure member 1772 includes a number of
outwardly extending ramped tabs 1792 distributed about the exposed
periphery 1794 thereof.

[0503] The trim plate bezel 1778 is constructed of substantially opaque
molded polymer material suitable for decorative finishing by painting or
a deposition process. The bezel 1778 has openings/through holes (not
illustrated) therein registering with an array of rear loaded actuator
devices and displays carried on the display/control panel PCB 1776, and
associated front loaded pushbuttons. The bezel 1778 also forms openings
or transparent/translucent windows for back lighting of the push buttons,
displays and informational indicia (not illustrated). The bezel 1778 has
a peripherally extending step 1796 formed on the inside surface 1798
thereof which abuts the outer surface 1800 of the PCB 1776 to ensure
precise spacing and registration between the control devices/displays and
their respective openings/through holes. Tab engaging extensions 1802
including abutment recesses 1804 are integrally formed with the bezel
step 1796 and extend rearwardly therefrom to engage corresponding ramped
tabs 1792.

[0504] The bezel 1778 has a longitudinal riser defining a peripheral edge
1806 extending between the step 1796 and the bezel front face 1810. The
bezel 1778 includes a number of circumferentially arranged outwardly
extending ramped tabs 1810 integrally formed on the peripheral edge 1806
thereof.

[0505] The trim plate facia 1780 can be employed in certain applications
to comply with extremely high color and finish requirements and to avoid
aesthetically objectionable distortions sometimes inherently resulting
from the bezel 1778 injection molding process. The facia 1780 has a very
thin section and is preferably injection molded of high quality polymer
based material suitable for decorative finishing or a deposition process.
As best illustrated in FIGS. 168 and 169, the facia has an abbreviated
peripheral side wall portion 1812 forming circumferentially arranged tab
receiving recesses 1814 on the inside surface 1816 thereof. The facia
1780 has openings/through holes (not illustrated) therein registering
with corresponding openings/through holes in the bezel 1778. The facia
also has openings or transparent/translucent windows for back lighting of
the push buttons, displays and informational indicia. When installed, the
inside face 1818 of the facia is disposed in intimate contact with the
outside face 1820 of the bezel 1778.

[0507] Referring to FIG. 144, the outer surface 1826 of a closure
member/front plate 1828 for an automotive audio system includes three
split snap-catches 1830 integrally formed thereon. In addition, two
integral locator pins 1832, including standoffs 1833 cooperate with the
split snap-catches 1830 to self-orient, self-guide and self-engage a
display/control panel PCB 1834 in assembly with the front plate 1828, as
illustrated in FIG. 145. As described elsewhere herein, the front plate
includes three integral spring ground clips 1836 formed thereon and
extending forwardly thereof to resiliently engage corresponding
cooperating grounding pads (not illustrated) on the PCB 1834. Refer FIG.
96. In addition to ensuring that the PCB 1834 remains precisely spaced
above the outer surface 1826 of the closure member 1828 for component
clearance and cooling purposes, the split snap-catches 1830 and locator
pin standoffs 1833 effect reliable electrical connection of the PCB
grounding pads with exposed wire mesh suspended in the spring ground
clips 1836. Refer FIG. 17.

[0508] Referring to FIG. 145, a subassembly 1838 depicts the closure
member 1828 of FIG. 144 in assembly with the PCB 1834. Split snap-catches
1830 extend through registering openings 1840 in the PCB 1834 to secure
the two components together. Similarly, the locator pins 1832 extend
through openings 1842 in the PCB 1836 to ensure correct positioning
thereof.

[0509] It is to be understood that the invention has been described with
reference to specific embodiments and variations to provide the features
and advantages previously described and that the embodiments are
susceptible of modification as will be apparent to those skilled in the
art.

[0510] Furthermore, it is contemplated that many alternative, common
inexpensive materials can be employed to construct the basis constituent
components. Accordingly, the forgoing is not to be construed in a
limiting sense.

[0511] The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it
is to be understood that the terminology, which has been used is intended
to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation.

[0512] Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in light of the above teachings. For example, a
number of the various radio/CD player case constructions illustrated
herein are illustrated as being formed of solid molded polymer material
for the sake of simplicity and clarity of understanding. It is to be
understood, however, that the wire mesh depicted, for example in FIG. 93,
can be employed in the other configurations and embodiments with equal
success. Furthermore, several of the housing assembly structures are
described herein as being formed of metal. However, a wide range of
material substitutes, including plastics, ceramics, non-ferrous metals
and composites can be substituted without departing from the spirit and
scope of the present invention. The terms "snap-engaging" and
"self-engaging" are intended to interpreted very broadly inasmuch as
innumerable structural, process (e.g. weldments) and chemical (e.g.
adhesives) equivalents are available. It is, therefore, to be understood
that within the scope of the appended claims, wherein reference numerals
are merely for illustrative purposes and convenience and are not in any
way limiting, the invention, which is defined by the following claims as
interpreted according to the principles of patent law, including the
Doctrine of Equivalents, may be practiced otherwise than is specifically
described.

[0513] The following documents are deemed to provide a fuller disclosure
of the inventions described herein and the manner of making and using
same. Accordingly, each of the below-listed documents are hereby
incorporated in the specification hereof by reference: