3) Genome Database of the Latvian Population (LGDB): Design, Goals, and Primary Results
● The Genome Database of the Latvian Population is an open research platform.
● National biobank in small country is essential to epidemiological research.
● Biobank can significantly contribute to genetic testing and health care improvement.
● It is crucial for biobank to plan and foresee biosample demand in research.
● Financial support of biobank can be national funding, study or industrial research.

2) Breast Cancer Incidence Trends and Projections in Northeastern Thailand
● By using regional cancer registry data in Khon Kaen, Thailand, age standardized rates (ASRs) of female breast cancer incidence increased between 1995-2012.
● Women at age 50 or above had the largest increase in incidence of breast cancer.
● Increasing trends of breast cancer incidence in Khon Kaen are lower than those in other regions in Thailand, but it is expected to rise significantly by 2030.

3) Sex Differences in Birth Weight and Physical Activity in Japanese Schoolchildren
● Lower birth weight is associated with increased chronic disease risk later in life.
● Physical activity in childhood may partly explain this association.
● We examined birth weight and physical activity in Japanese school-aged children.
● Girls with low birth weight were less likely to be physically active, but not boys.

4) An 18-year follow-up survey of dioxin levels in human milk in Japan
● Dioxin levels in human milk tended to decline over time from 1998 to 2015.
● Data from the last 5 years indicated a plateau at minimal levels.
● An increasing trend was found in the mean age of participants in the last 5 years.
● Significantly higher dioxin levels were found in samples from older participants.
● Human exposure to dioxins may be approaching a minimum in recent years in Japan.

1) Special ArticleJapanese Legacy Cohorts: The Life Span Study Atomic Bomb Survivor Cohort and Survivors’ Offspring
● The Life Span Study is a unique and large-scale cohort study of the lifetime health outcomes of the atomic bomb survivors.
● The Life Span Stud has confirmed increased risks of malignancies and investigated other late health effects due to atomic bomb radiatio.n
● Survivors exposed to radiation in their mothers’ womb experienced late health effects similar to those of survivors exposed at young ages.
● No increased risks of cancer or noncancer outcomes have been observed to date among the cohort of children conceived after their parents’ exposures to radiation.
● The results of these cohort studies have been used by the Japanese government for the health administration and welfare of the survivors and their children.
● Life Span Study results are the most reliable source of quantifiable risk estimates for radiation exposure and are used around the world.

3) Macronutrient Intake and Socioeconomic Status: NIPPON DATA2010
● Household income was inversely associated with carbohydrate intake.
● Household income was positively associated with fat intake.
● The risk of a high carbohydrate/low fat intake was associated with an older age.
● Both lower household income and lower household expenditure were associated with the risk of a high carbohydrate/low fat diet.

EditorialAlcohol Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in East Asian Populations: Do Healthy Patterns of Consumption Exist?
● Binge drinking was associated with a greater likelihood of having newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in adult Koreans, even in those with low average daily consumption.
● Regular consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women, but not in men. This sex difference is consistent with results from previous studies.
● The adverse health consequences of alcohol consumption on cancer and other health outcomes have led to lowering the recommended upper level of alcohol consumption in several western countries. In East Asian populations, high alcohol consumption may be of even greater public health concern because a large proportion of the population is genetically predisposed to slower metabolism of alcohol and its carcinogenic metabolite acetaldehyde.
● The high prevalence of binge drinking and likelihood of adverse health effects of this behavior suggest that public health policies addressing binge drinking are warranted.

5) Work Sustainability Among Male Cancer Survivors After Returning to Work
● Work continuance rates among cancer survivors were 80.1% one year after RTW, 48.5% five years after RTW, among cancer survivors.
● There was a steep decrease in work continuance rates during the first year after RTW, among cancer survivors.
● The work continuance rates after RTW varied significantly by cancer type.