lecture 8 - The Causes of Globalization.docx

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School

University of Guelph

Department

Sociology and Anthropology

Course

SOAN 2040

Professor

D Rose

Semester

Winter

Description

The Causes of Globalization
Marx and Engels
• The need of a constantly expanding market for its products chases the bourgeoisie over
the whole surface of the globe. It must nestle everywhere, settle everywhere, establish
connexions everywhere – cited in Edgell
• Recall one of the characteristics of the capitalism mode of production is that it is
expansionist in nature
Three Approaches to Globalization
1. Hyper-globalists: something entirely new
2. Sceptics: continuation of past developments
3. Transformationists: “historically unprecedented such that states and societies across the
globe are experiencing a process of profound change as they try to adapt to a more
interconnected but highly uncertain world”
Continuity and Change
• Movement of goods, images, ideas and ideologies, peoples, technologies etc is not new
• Also the movement of jobs too, to places where labor is much cheaper and the rights of
the workers are not the focus of the company
• Ideas but also identity: referring to the globalization of gays and first nations as a
worldwide identity
• Time space compression, facilitated by technologies changes, is qualitatively new (jet
travel vs steamship, internet vs satellite vs snail mail, mass media vs oral traditions)
• Placed importance on the surveillance of people which is facilitated through the
evolvement of technology
-what kind of impact does this have on our rights as users of mass media components
• Technology has facilitated the tracking of our everyday activities through technology
Scholte 2005 – three phases
1. Global imagination (to the 18 century)
-proto-globalization, more about ideas than reality
-the ideas surpass what was actually happening (reality)
2. Incipient globalization (1852-1950s)
-international relationships established
3. Full scale globalization (1960s-present)
-international relationships expanded in every respect
Modernization Theory • Theory used to explain/understand the processes of economic, social, political and
religious changes that accompany industrial technological change
• Rooted in Enlightenment thinking and Social Darwinism
• Evolutionary framework
• Societies pass through a series of stages, each progressively “better” than the prior
stage AND all societies will go through these stages
• Industrialized societies have already passed through these stages, duty is to assist other
societies to follow suit
• Aid that one country gives to another is not what we think it is, most aid grants are later
repaid with huge interests OR there are required specifics that need to happen if the
country in need wants money
-for example, they can have the money if they buy tools to fix their problems from the
“helping” country rather than use their country’s local resources
The Path to Modernity
• Traditional stage: reciprocity and sharing
• Cultural change stage: reintroduction of new technolog