Thanks to the flexibility of the pipe, all of the external loads, such as soil and traffic that are loaded on the pipe, are sustained by a combination of the pipe’s stiffness and the stiffness of the soil surrounding the pipe.

What is GRP, FRP, RTR, GRE, GRVE, GRUP? As an engineer sometimes you will face non-metallic composite piping or equipment which they have so many names and abbreviations such as GRP, FRP, RTR, GRE, GRVE, GRUP.