Chapter 12 Synthesis and Processing of RNA
Because there is just one bacterial RNA polymerase, the general mechanism of RNA synthesis is
the same for all bacterial genes.
Ribonucleotides are added one after another to the growing 3end of the RNA transcrip

1
Chapter 13 Synthesis and Processing of the Proteome
The identity and relative abundance of individual proteins in a proteome represents a balance
between the synthesis of new proteins and the degradation of existing ones.
The biochemical capabilities ca

1
Chapter 10 Accessing the Genome
The DNA in the nucleus of a eukaryotic or the nucleoid of a prokaryote is attached to a variety of
proteins that are not directly involved in genome expression and which must be displaced in
order for the RNA polymerase a

1
Chapter 6 Understanding How a Genome Functions
TRANSCRIPTOME: the mRNAs that are present in a cell at a particular time.
Where in an organism is a gene expressed?
At what point in development is a gene expressed?
Is gene expression always ON at the same

Chapter 5 Understanding a Genome Sequence
ORF consist of a series of codons that specify the amino acid sequence of the protein that the
gene codes for. ORF begins with an intiation codon (ATG but not always) and ends with a
termination codon (TAA, TAG or

1
CHAPTER 7 Eukaryotic Nuclear Genomics
Nuclear genome is a set of linear DNA molecules, each contained in a chromosome- in all
eukaryotes only difference is in chromosome number (related to biological features of the
organism)
Needed to produce a high de

1
Chapter 2
What do DNA studies rely on?
-
Copying, cutting and rearranging.
Every molecular experiment begins with one or more of these reactions carried out in a
very small aqueous volume in test tubes.
Give examples of enzymes that modify the ends of n

1
Chapter 3
Why do we map genomes?
-
Genome maps provide the framework for carrying out the sequencing phase. If the map
indicates the positions of the genes, it can also be used to direct the initial part of a clone
contig project to the interesting regi

1
Chapter 4 Sequencing genomes
Chain termination method (devised by Fred Sanger)
Based on the principle that single-stranded DNA molecule that differs in length by just a
single nucleotide can be separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Chain ter

SNP
Many of them to make a detailed map
Can be automated so many samples can be
RFLP results from SNP positioned within a restriction site
What is the purpose of the outer primers of the tetra primer
Nothing to do with SNP bc they dont anneal
They

Why are maps necessary
Maps used to organize fragments from a genomic library
Overcome problem with repeated sequences
Analyze DNA clones that are bigger than the length of the repeated sequences. To see both repeated
sequences
Not necessary to create a

Conjugation- two bacteria
Donor and acceptor
Transduction
Bacteriaphage small segment of DNA
Transformation
From environment
Scale of restriction mapping is limited by the sizes of the restriction fragments
Restriction enzymes are easy to generate

1
Chapter 11 Assembly of the Transcription Initiation Complex
Initial product of genome expression is the transcriptome: collection of RNA molecules derived
from these protein-coding genes whose biological information is required by the cell at a
particul