Psychological explanations of depression

Some one experiences loss = mourning, --> melancholia (permanent state). Due to ineffective parenting as a child, individual is fixated at oral stage = dependent on others --> vulnerable. The anger they feel towards less is turned in on themselves.

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What did Paykal and Cooper say about Freuds theory? (AO2)

Loss only explains 10% of depression.

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What did Comer say about Freuds theory? (AO2)

associated therapy has not proved to be effective. --> may be due to depressed not being able to act in the way required by psychoanalysis.

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What did Shah and Waller say about Freuds theory? (AO2)

Of those who suffered depression, many described parents as affection-less = supports theory of loss.

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What did Beck say the reason was depressed people thinking in the way they do? (AO1)

Their thinking being biased towards negative and interpretations of the world.

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Explain Becks cognitive theory (AO1)

Aquire negative schemas during childhood. These are activated when they are put in new situation similar to original situation.

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How is the negative triad formed? (AO1)

Combination of cognitive biases (over thinking) and negative schemas.

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What did Hammen and Krantz find out Becks cognitive theory? (AO2)

Depressed women asked to interpret written material. = more errors than non depressed in logical questions. = they were stuck on negative triad.

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Whay did Bates et al find out about Becks cognitive theory? (AO2)

depressed given negative automatic thought = more depressed. However doesnt mean the former caused the latter. (cause and effect)