RE: Do you know why pets are dying of all kinds of diseases these days? (Posted: 12-02-2019, 08:33 PM)

(12-02-2019, 08:19 PM)BadBrad Wrote:

(12-02-2019, 07:58 PM)Bubbles Wrote:

(12-02-2019, 07:26 PM)Lily Wrote: You don't have rabies? Interesting. As I recall Australia is very strict on bringing animals into their country. Very wise.

No rabies.

We dont let illegal immigrants enter either. The army controls people arriving by boat.

Rabies virus does not currently occur in land dwelling animals in Australia but ABLV does occur in bats in Australia, and can be transmitted from bats to humans and to other animals. Only three cases of human infection with ABLV have been recorded since the virus was first identified in 1996.Dec 3, 2013
Rabies, Australian bat lyssavirus and ... - Department of Healthhttps://www1.health.gov.au › main › Content › ohp-rabies-consumer-info

RE: Do you know why pets are dying of all kinds of diseases these days? (Posted: 12-02-2019, 10:47 PM)

(12-02-2019, 08:33 PM)Bubbles Wrote:

(12-02-2019, 08:19 PM)BadBrad Wrote:

(12-02-2019, 07:58 PM)Bubbles Wrote: No rabies.

We dont let illegal immigrants enter either. The army controls people arriving by boat.

Rabies virus does not currently occur in land dwelling animals in Australia but ABLV does occur in bats in Australia, and can be transmitted from bats to humans and to other animals. Only three cases of human infection with ABLV have been recorded since the virus was first identified in 1996.Dec 3, 2013
Rabies, Australian bat lyssavirus and ... - Department of Healthhttps://www1.health.gov.au › main › Content › ohp-rabies-consumer-info

RE: Do you know why pets are dying of all kinds of diseases these days? (Posted: 12-02-2019, 11:20 PM)

(12-02-2019, 10:47 PM)BadBrad Wrote:

(12-02-2019, 08:33 PM)Bubbles Wrote:

(12-02-2019, 08:19 PM)BadBrad Wrote: Rabies virus does not currently occur in land dwelling animals in Australia but ABLV does occur in bats in Australia, and can be transmitted from bats to humans and to other animals. Only three cases of human infection with ABLV have been recorded since the virus was first identified in 1996.Dec 3, 2013
Rabies, Australian bat lyssavirus and ... - Department of Healthhttps://www1.health.gov.au › main › Content › ohp-rabies-consumer-info

Well we dont need to vaccinate for that so its minor .

Uk doesnt have rabies.. a few countries dont.

Do they vaccinate for gay leather bars?

Nah, we used Johnny Deps's fluff pups for that. He wasn't happy, so there is another fuck head that won't be back.

RE: Do you know why pets are dying of all kinds of diseases these days? (Posted: 12-02-2019, 11:32 PM)

(12-02-2019, 07:26 PM)Lily Wrote:

(12-02-2019, 07:18 PM)Bubbles Wrote: We dont have rabies in Australia so thankfully no vaccines needed for it
Doesnt sound good.

You don't have rabies? Interesting. As I recall Australia is very strict on bringing animals into their country. Very wise.

It's so careful that going from the Mainland to Tasmania on the boat that yr animal must be pilled for hydata (a fucked up parasite) and yr vehicle has to have no mud or any equipment with grass/seeds onboard.

RE: Do you know why pets are dying of all kinds of diseases these days? (Posted: 12-02-2019, 11:52 PM)

(12-02-2019, 10:47 PM)BadBrad Wrote:

(12-02-2019, 08:33 PM)Bubbles Wrote:

(12-02-2019, 08:19 PM)BadBrad Wrote: Rabies virus does not currently occur in land dwelling animals in Australia but ABLV does occur in bats in Australia, and can be transmitted from bats to humans and to other animals. Only three cases of human infection with ABLV have been recorded since the virus was first identified in 1996.Dec 3, 2013
Rabies, Australian bat lyssavirus and ... - Department of Healthhttps://www1.health.gov.au › main › Content › ohp-rabies-consumer-info

No known effective treatment. Isolate case with standard and contact precautions for the duration of illness. Determine the source of infection.
Contact management

Urgently assess the need for post-exposure prophylaxis in people exposed to mammalian animals or confirmed human cases. Use of human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) and rabies vaccine is dependent on the type of exposure and prior vaccination.
2. The disease
Infectious agents

Rabies virus, Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV), and other lyssaviruses such as European bat lyssavirus (EBLV) 1 and EBLV 2, are members of the Rhabdoviridae family, genus Lyssavirus. Twelve closely related but distinct lyssavirus species have been formally recognised.1 Rabies virus and other lyssaviruses cause the disease rabies.
Reservoir

All mammals are susceptible to infection with rabies virus and are therefore possible reservoirs. Dogs are the principal reservoir of rabies virus in developing countries and are responsible for 99% of human infections.2 Other reservoirs and important vectors of rabies virus include wild and domestic Canidae, including dogs, foxes, coyotes, wolves and jackals; and bats, cats, monkeys, skunks, raccoons, and mongooses. Other mammals may rarely be infected. Australia is currently free of rabies in terrestrial (land dwelling) mammals. However, evidence of ABLV infection has been documented in several species of flying foxes (also known as fruit bats) and insectivorous microbats. It is assumed that all Australian bat species have the potential to carry and transmit ABLV. ABLV has not been isolated from bats outside Australia. However, several lyssavirus species have been found in bats in other countries considered free of terrestrial rabies. It is assumed that bats anywhere in the world have the potential to carry and transmit lyssaviruses.
Mode of transmission

Rabies virus is transmitted by the virus-laden saliva of an infected animal introduced via a bite or scratch, or by contamination of mucous membranes or broken skin. Person-to-person transmission via saliva is extremely rare and has not been well documented. There have been rare reports of rabies virus transmission by transplantation of infected tissues/organs 3, 4 and via inhalation of virus-laden aerosol in laboratory settings. 5, 6 Aerosol transmission in humans has not been proven in the natural environment but based on animal experiments it remains theoretically possible. 7, 8

The only three known human cases of ABLV infection occurred in people who had been bitten or scratched by bats. It is assumed that the mode of transmission for ABLV and other lyssaviruses is similar to that of rabies virus.
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Incubation period

The incubation period for rabies virus infection is usually 3-8 weeks, rarely as short as a few days or as long as several years.9 The length of the incubation period depends on many factors including wound severity, wound location in relation to nerve supply, proximity to the brain, size of inoculum of virus and the degree of protection provided by clothing and other host factors.9 The incubation period for ABLV and other lyssavirus infections is less certain but is assumed to be similar to rabies virus; the first two documented cases of ABLV infection had likely incubation periods of approximately 4 weeks and over 2 years, respectively.10 The likely incubation for the third case has not been confirmed.
Infectious period

The infectious period for rabies virus infection has been described reliably only in dogs, cats and ferrets, in which communicability usually commences 3-7 days before onset of clinical signs and persists throughout the course of the illness.9 The period of communicability of ABLV and other lyssaviruses is not known.
Clinical presentation and outcome

As the clinical disease caused by classical rabies virus and other lyssaviruses appears to be indistinguishable, the term ‘rabies’ refers to disease caused by any of the known lyssaviruses. Rabies is an almost invariably fatal, acute viral encephalomyelitis. Initial symptoms include fever and sensory changes (pain or paraesthesia) at the site of a preceding animal bite. Other reported prodromal symptoms include a sense of apprehension, headache and malaise. There are 2 clinical forms of rabies. Encephalitic or furious rabies presents in about two-thirds of cases, and is characterised by hyperactivity and aerophobia and/or hydrophobia followed by delirium with occasional convulsions. The second form, paralytic or dumb rabies, presents in about one-third of cases, with paralysis of limbs and respiratory muscles with sparing of consciousness.11 Phobic spasms may be absent in the paralytic form. Death from cardiac or respiratory failure occurs within a few days for furious rabies and within 1-2 weeks for the paralytic form of the disease. 2, 9
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People at increased risk of disease

The risk of infection after the bite of a rabid animal can range from less than 1% to over 80%, presumably related to the size of inoculum, severity of bite, nerve density in the area of the bite, proximity of the bite to the central nervous system, vaccination status and immunocompetence.12 People at increased risk of rabies are those whose occupational, volunteering, or recreational activities put them at increased risk of exposure, i.e. being bitten or scratched by animals in rabies-enzootic countries or by bats anywhere in the world. In Australia, therefore, risk is greatest in those who holiday or work in countries in which rabies is enzootic, and in those most likely to come into contact with bat species, including wildlife carers, wildlife officers, veterinarians and those who live in areas where bats are common.
Disease occurrence and public health significance

Australia is free from terrestrial rabies. Only two imported human cases have been reported in Australia in travellers returned from enzootic areas. Rabies virus is enzootic in Asia (including Southeast Asia where large numbers of Australians travel), Africa, North and South America and parts of Europe. Worldwide, it is estimated that rabies virus is responsible for more than 50,000 deaths per year, almost all in rural areas of Asia and Africa, with the highest incidence in children under 15 years.13 Rabies is estimated to have at least as much public health impact in tropical countries as dengue fever (when comparing disability-adjusted life years) and results in an estimated annual global financial burden of over US$ 1 billion. 13, 14 Most human deaths follow dog bites for which adequate post-exposure prophylaxis was not or could not be provided. Post-exposure prophylaxis initiated at an early stage using rabies vaccine in combination with rabies immunoglobulin may be 100% effective in preventing death. In Australia, rabies is subject to quarantine controls under Commonwealth biosecurity legislation - currently the Quarantine Act 1908.The primary concern is the prevention of the introduction of rabies virus to local dog and wildlife populations.

ABLV is unique to Australia and was first identified in 1996 in an encephalitic black flying fox. Three human cases have subsequently been reported, in 1996, 1998 and 2013 with all three cases developing fatal encephalitis after being bitten or scratched by bats.15, 16, 17, 18 To date, virological and/or serological evidence of ABLV infection has been found in all four species of flying foxes (megachiropterans) found in Australia, and at least seven genera of Australian insectivorous bats.19 Any Australian bat should be considered a potential carrier of the virus. The risk of human exposure to ABLV is related to the extent of human contact with Australian bats. In 2013 two horses from the same Queensland property were confirmed to be infected with ABLV. Both horses displayed neurological signs and were euthanased.20

Four human deaths have been documented following bat exposures in Europe (in Ukraine, the Russian Federation, Finland and Scotland). All presented with clinical features of rabies. The causative viruses were identified as EBLV 1a, EBLV 2a, EBLV 2b, and one untyped lyssavirus.21, 22 Spillover infections with EBLV have been reported in 5 sheep, 2 cats and a stone marten in Europe23, 25.

Australia is one of the few countries in the world that remains free of rabies. If rabies became established in Australia, the toll on human and animal health would be profound and the cost of response and recovery immense. At least 59,000 people die from rabies each year, with the majority of these deaths occurring in Africa and Asia.