[en] There is a great deal of evidence supporting the idea that, when a stimulus is processed fluently, it is more likely to be judged as pleasant. However, this influence of fluency on preference judgement seems to depend on several experimental conditions. So we tried to better understand these conditions via a comparison with recognition and by manipulating some aspects of the procedure (test format) and material (similarity and figure-ground contrast of the stimuli). Two experiments showed that some conditions maximally induce the use of processing fluency in a preference judgement, as in a recognition task. We discuss the implications of these findings for the well-documented discrepancy-attribution hypothesis (Whittlesea