The high level desulfurization of petroleum residuums normally having at least 100 ppm of metals from the groups of vanadium and nickel is accomplished by an initial contact stage with a contact material such as Porocel, having extensive macroporosity with more than 0.15 cc/gram pore volume in pores ...

A process is provided for producing adipic acid from a renewable resource, i.e., biomass. The process comprises: hydrolyzing the renewable resource to provide 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, hydrogenating the 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in the presence of a catalyst to provide 2, 5-tetrahydrofurandiomethanol, ...

Heavy oil or bitumen is extracted and removed from underground oil bearing formations having low permeability such as tar sands by injection of hot hydrocarbon solvent vapor into a single well hole at a pressure not substantially exceeding the pressure in the formation to effectively heat and extrac ...

A process for the catalytic hydroconversion of special petroleum feedstocks, containing 10-28 W % asphaltenes, and having Ramsbottom carbon residue of 12-35 W %, such as Cold Lake and Lloydminster crude and residua materials. In the process, high percentage conversion (65-80 V %) to lower boiling hy ...

Raw shale oil containing precipitable inorganic compounds such as iron and arsenic are preheated to below the precipitation temperature and then catalytically hydrocracked in an ebullated bed catalytic reactor. The metal compounds are deposited on the catalyst in the reactor, from which they are wit ...

In processing high metals Venezuelan residuum, higher conversion of the 975.degree.F plus fraction and improved operability can be obtained by maintaining a high catalyst addition rate to obtain reduced metals loading on the catalyst; it being determined that for a macroporous catalyst there is a li ...

This invention provides a process and system for the segregation of used catalyst contaminated by the extended processing of hydrocarbon feedstocks. It utilizes multi-stage fluidization and segregation of the catalyst in an upflowing liquid, and recovery of the less contaminated catalyst upper fract ...

Low rank coals such as subbituminous or lignites containing more than about 10 weight percent moisture are dried and passivated against reabsorption of moisture in a fluidized bed by heating the particulate coal with a warm inert gas passing upwardly through the bed and simultaneously coating the wa ...

A continuous hydrogenation process and apparatus wherein liquids are contacted with hydrogen in an ebullated catalyst reaction zone with the liquids and gas flowing vertically upwardly through that zone into a second zone substantially free of catalyst particles and wherein the liquid and gases are ...

Low rank coals such as subbituminous or lignites containing more than about 10 wt. % moisture are first dried and then passed to a fluidized bed where the coal is passivated against reabsorption of moisture by coating the warm coal particles with a heavy liquid hydrocarbon material. Such coating sub ...