p574
Vicus Iugarius

Article on pp574‑575 of

Vicus Iugarius:
a street that led from the forum, between the
basilica Iulia
and the
temple of Castor, to the
porta Carmentalis
(Liv.
XXIV.27.15;
XXVII.37.14;
XXXV.21.6; Fest. 290;
Not. Reg. VIII;º
Hemerol. Vall. ad IV Kal. Aug.). Its name is said to have been derived from an altar of Iuno Iuga (Fest. 104: dictus Romae quia ibi fuerat Iunonis Iugae quam putabant matrimonia iungere; HFP 13). It is far less likely that the name was given to this street because the makers of yokes (iuga) had their shops there, or because it connected the forum and the district of the
Forum Holitorium
(Jord. I.1.515; 2.468; Thédenat 175, 225; Gilb. I.257‑263; iii.416, 417). The present pavement is not ancient (NS 1883, 14) but preserves the line of the street after the building of the basilica Iulia. Before the Augustan period it was a little further towards the south-east (CR 1902, 94; JRS 1922, 17). A purpurarius (or dealer in purple stuffs) 'de vico iugario' is known to us from a sepulchral inscription (NS 1922, 144). See also DR 510‑512.

The road later known as the vicus Iugarius was the road by which the roads from the north, north-east and east — (1) the road which preceded the via Flaminia and the
clivus Argentarius; (2) the via Salaria, the vicus Longus, the
clivus Insteius
and the
Argiletum; (3) the
via Tiburtina
and
Labicana,1 the
Subura
and the
Argiletum
— all reached the crossing over the Tiber just below the island. It must have kept close to the southern edge of the Capitol, to avoid the marshy ground between this hill and the Palatine. It was thus, there is little doubt, a part of the original trade route which led to the river, perhaps before there was any settlement on the site of Rome at all. And there is also a strong probability that it was the salt marshes on the right bank of the Tiber (see
Via Salaria) that were in use in these early days; otherwise, the roads from the north and north-east, at any rate, would have made for the west side of the Capitol (porta Carmentalis or Flumentana) and not for its east side.

Just as the line of the vicus Iugarius belonged originally to the trade route from the north, north-east and east to the west and north-west, so that of the road through the valley of the circus Maximus (see
Forum Boarium) belonged to the route from the west and north-west to the south and south-east, forming the approach from the Tiber crossing to the via Castrimoeniensis and the road to Conca, which approached respectively the central district of the Alban Hills and their south-western slopes, the latter going on to join the ancient road at the foot of the Volscian mountains, which led to Terracina or Anxur long before the via Latinap575and
via Appia
(both of them artificial military roads, taking a perfectly straight line) were even contemplated, and formed the other route to Capua, Naples, and Magna Graecia. See PBSI.215 sqq.; iv.1 sqq.; v.213 sqq.

The Authors' Note:

1
The
via Labicana
was probably the original route to Tusculum and the north-eastern slopes of the Alban Hills, and was also the first part of the route southward through the valley of the Sacco.

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