2018-02-22T10:34:55Zhttp://ijp.mums.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=8762015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2Itching Papules in a child; Scabies or Henoch Schonlein Purpura?ZahraSoheili RadRezaJafarzadeh EsfehaniIntroduction: Henoch schonlein purpura (HSP) is a self-limited systemic disease with multiorgan involvement. While cutaneous involvement may wary, presenting as itching papules is not a common manifestation. In this report we discuss a case of HSP which was presented solely with itching papules; mistaken for scabies. Case presentation: A 7 year old boy presented with itchy palpable papules without any gastrointestinal or urinary problem which was primary taught to be an ectoparasitic infestation. During the hospitalization the patient developed abdominal pain as well as hematuria and the diagnosis became more evident. The skin biopsy showed perivascular inflammatory cells infiltration in epidermis, perivascular fibrinoid necrosis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient received corticosteroids and discharged healthy.Conclusion: While HSP may have different cutaneous manifestation, presenting as only itchy papules may complicate the diagnosis and physicians should always keep in mind that HSP might be presented as other common infestations unresponsive to treatment.Henoch-Schonlein PurpuraItchingScabies2015120110971101http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_5645_fe0a4115ea4fbb5b5070452f5e03e04e.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Risk Factors and the Relationship between ThemMojtabaMiladiniaShahramBarazElhamMousavi NouriBackground:Infant mortality is often used as a standard measure of a population’s health. Until cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome is unknown (SIDS), the best strategy to decrease SIDS, is programming to decrease facing with risk factors. The aim of this study was to find the SIDS risk factors among families during their child care in Iran. The study is the first in Iran to examine the risk Material and methods:In the observational cross-sectional study, 878 mother-infant pairs who visited governmental health clinics were included by convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria was, all mother-infant pairs which infants Results:Most common risk factors of SIDS was determined: co-sleeping (92.03%), bed sharing (49.31%), side lying position (47.49%) and non-exclusive breastfeeding (45.5%). A significant relationship was found between bed-sharing and head covering (p=0.001); bed-sharing and prone position (p=0.001); bed-sharing and breastfeeding (under 4 months) (p=0.001); mothers' age and co-sleeping (p=0.038) mothers' age and prone position (p=0.001). Conclusion:SIDS risk factors were common during child care. Hygienic teams and nurses have a key role in SIDS prevention through enhancing level of parental awareness by education to family about risk factors and its prevention is necessary. Further studies to identify risk factors and incidence of SIDS in different regions country are recommended.Bed-sharingBreastfeedingInfantSIDSsmoking2015120111031110http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_5724_f6827cae2ab4885edf03ad5852c80924.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2How Socioeconomic Dispartie Affects Child Mortality in EMRO CountriesMasoumehMoezziAhmadrezaAmiri EbrahimmohamadiLalehRashidiRezaShirani FaradonbehIntroduction All nations are striving for development. Economic development is one of the main parts of development process, but not all of it. Populations health is one of the main factors of economic development, and child’s mortality is one of the main factors of population health status. The aim of this study is investigating the role of socioeconomic disparties in under 5 mortality in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) countries. Materials and Methods This study is a restropective and panel data type. Data used in this study inquired form the World Health Organization(WHO) and the World Bank database for 20 EMRO countries. In order to investigate socio-economic factors of under 5 mortality we used per capita income logarithm, health expenditure per capita, out-of-pocket health expenditure, access to improved sanitation and Measles vacination, literacy rate in 15 to 24 years old females, female unemployment rate, and birth rate. Results According to results, all variables (Per Capita National Income, Health Expenditure Per Capita, Access to Health Facilities, Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure, and Measles Immunization, Female Literacy Rate for 15 to 24 year old, Female Unemployment Rate and Crude Birth Rate) showed significant relationship with under 5 mortality except per capita health expenditure. Per capita income logarithm also had the greatest impact in reducing the mortality of children under 5 year in comparison with other variables. Conclusion Childs mortality is the symbol of development and have important role in population growth. Results of this study indicate that access to healthcare services have lower impact on childs mortality rather than economic variables.Child MortalityEMROHealth indicatorsRisk Factors2015120111111116http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_5773_b1d20e3ec9e86b426f67b4fa278796cc.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2The Relationship between Clinical Competence and Clinical Self-efficacy among Nursing and Midwifery StudentsShahlaMohamadiriziShahnazKohanFatemehShafeiSoheilaMohamadiriziIntroduction Self-efficacy in clinical performance had an important role in applying competencies; also competencies and self-efficacy in clinical performance influenced to quality care of nursing and midwifery students. So the present study aimed to define the relationship between clinical competencies and clinical self-efficacy among nursing and midwifery students. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 150 of nursing and midwifery students in Isfahan University of Medical Science, selected through two stage sampling in 2014. The participant completed questionnaires about personal/ educational characteristics and nursing competencies questionnaire (18 items) and clinical self-efficacy scale (37 items). The data were analyzed by, Pearson statistical test, t-test, variance analysis through SPSS version16. Results The results showed that 50% (n=75) and 37.4% (n=56) of nursing and midwifery students had good clinical competence and clinical Self-Efficacy, respectively. Also the mean competencies and self-efficacy in clinical performance scores were 35.05± 1.2 and 76.03± 0.4 respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive linear correlation between the score of clinical competence and clinical self-efficacy (PClinical competenceClinical performanceSelf-efficacyStudents2015120111171123http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_5222_8dc52d127b717263686636ef111606ef.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2The Sensitivity, Specificity and Predictive Values of Snellen Chart Compared to the Diagnostic Test in Amblyopia Screening Program in IranFatemehRivakaniLeilaTorabiMinooRafieiAshrafArabiFarshidAlaeddiniAbbasAbbasi-GhahramanlooSaeidSafiriIntroduction Amblyopia is a leading cause of visual impairment in both childhood and adult populations. Our aim in this study was to assess the epidemiological characteristics of the amblyopia screening program in Iran. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was done on a randomly selected sample of 4,636 Iranian children who were referred to screening program in 2013 were participated in validity study, too. From each provinces the major city were selected. Screening and diagnostic tests were done by instructors in first stage and optometrists in second stage, respectively. Finally data were analyzed by Stata version 13. Results The sensitivity was ranged from 74% to 100% among the various provinces such that Fars and Ardabil province had maximum and minimum values, respectively. The pattern of specificity was differ and ranged 44% to 84% among the provinces; Hormozgan and Fars had maximum and minimum values, respectively. The positive predictive value was also ranged from 35% to %81 which was assigned to Khuzestan and Ardabil provinces, respectively. The range of Negative Predictive value was 61% to 100% which was belonged to Ardabil and Fars provinces. Conclusion The total sensitivity (89%) and negative predictive values (93%) of screening test among children aged 3-6 years is acceptable, but only 51% of children refereed to second stage are true positive and this imposes considerable cost to health system.amblyopiachildIranSensitivity and SpecificityScreening2015120111251133http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_6168_4995f9bf0052215b9185dac1bd1f52f1.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2Prevalence and the Relationship between Characteristics and Parental Conditions with Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)MehdiGholamzadeh BaeisMojtabaMiladiniaMohammadrezaTalayianMasomehVahediSomayehVafayiMaryamTashvighiIntroduction Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a disease which causes unexpected death of infants aged less than 1 year. Given the undeniable role of parents in the presence or absence of SIDS risk factors, the present study aimed to studythe prevalence and the relationship between characteristics and conditions of parent’s infants with SIDS risk factors. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study, 1,021 infants aged 1 to 12 months in the health centers in Qom-Iran in 2014 were selected as the sample by stratified random sampling method. The required data were collected using an author-made questionnaire on SIDS risk factors. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 18 at a significance level of 95%. Results 4.5% of mothers were younger than 20 years, 92.3% infants had a co-sleeping with their parents, and 35.7% of infants had a bed-sharing with their parents. 19% of infants used Soft pillow. Study findings showed that there is no significant relationship between the age of mothers and using a shared bedroom (P>0.05), while such a relationship exists between education backgrounds of parents and sharing a bedroom (PBed-sharingInfantRisk FactorsSudden Infant Death SyndromeSIDS2015120111351143http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_5933_a84d716fdc139d3b0787ec6103eb8c0d.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2Effects of Slow-stroke Back Massage on Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting in the Pediatrics with Acute Leukemia: a Challenge of Controlling SymptomsMojtabaMiladiniaShahramBarazElhamMousavi NouriMehdiGholamzadeh BaeisIntroduction Nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects of chemotherapy in the pediatrics with cancer which affect their quality of life. Use of some methods of complementary medicine in leukemia patients is problematic. Because, leukemia patients are at risk of infection and bleeding, therefore the use of acupressure, acupuncture, and deep massage can be risky in these patients. Slow- stroke back massage is applied on the surface of body, so does not have complications. No study has addressed the effect of massage therapy on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in pediatrics with acute leukemia in the world. Material and methods This study was a two-group randomized controlled trial (RCT), double blind and repeated measures design. In this RCT, 45 school age children with acute leukemia were placed in the massage and control groups. Before start of the study, at the day of chemotherapy administration (day 1th), only nausea and vomiting were measured. Then during 6 days next (day 2 through 7), the intervention group received 5-minutes Super Smash Bros. Melee (SSBM), immediately before start of each session of chemotherapy. Nausea was measured during chemotherapy, 0.5 h and 3 h after each session of chemotherapy in the two groups. Also vomiting was recorded during 24 h after each session of chemotherapy. Repeated measures ANOVA, Chi-square, and t-test were used for analysis. Results Most of pediatrics were male (58.13%), and suffered from Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (81.7%). The repeated measure analysis showed that in the intervention group, the SSBM reduced progressive mean of nausea severity and frequency of vomit over time. While, this side effects have slightly increased over time in the control group. Conclusion The results of this study are suggesting that SSBM, as a non-pharmacologic, easy and safe method, is effective in controlling Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in the pediatrics with acute leukemia. Complementary MedicineLeukemiaMassageNauseaPediatricVomiting2015120111451152http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_6134_26e32a95fc5134268ebe570106ec0714.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2Determine the Effectiveness of Learning of Coping Strategies with Irrational Beliefs Based on the Theory of Rational-Emotional Alice on Attitudes to Communicate Before Married Female High School Students in Yazd- IranMaryamForat YazdiMohammad HosseinBaghianimoghadamMohammad HasanGeramiIntroduction This research was done with the objective of "Determine the effectiveness of learning coping strategies with Irrational Beliefs based on the theory of rational-emotional Alice on students’ attitude toward premarital relations in Yazd city". Materials and Methods In this semi experimental research 60 female students of Yazd-Iran, selected by using of Cochran’s formula and divided in two groups of control (30 persons) and experiment (30 persons) randomly. Learning of coping strategies with Irrational beliefs based on the theory of rational-emotional Alice during the 8 sessions of 90 minutes was conducted on experiment group, and the control group did not training; then post-test was conducted in two groups. Also, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) used in order to data analysis in descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results The adjusted mean attitude scores of the relationship with the opposite sex in control group, on the pre-test and post-test was 51.27+12.16, 50.30+14.46 and in experimental group was 69.53+8.91, 43.63+10.96 respectively. The result Alice rational-emotional treatment method is effective on attitude to relationship before marriage of high school girls (PAttitudesIrrational beliefsTheory of rational-emotional AliceStudents2015120111531060http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_6021_9c02dd61f9cbad5fb17ddfa3bc706c86.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2The Knowledge and Attitude of Teachers about HIV/AIDS; before and after Training in Khorasan Razavi Province, IranAliMohammad HoseinpourZahraEmami MoghadamMasumehSaeidiGholamrezaKHademiGholam HasanKhodaeeIntroduction The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the immune system, destroying or impairing their function. As the infection progresses, the immune system becomes weaker, and the person becomes more susceptible to infections. The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of intervention training on knowledge and attitude of teachers about HIV/AIDS. Materials and Methods This quasi-experimental study, 11 cities were selected randomly cluster among 27 cities of Khorasan Razavi province- Iran. The study teachers were selected multi stage cluster sampling method; so, in the selected cities, randomly selected a number of 4 high schools of each cluster, and all the teachers of these schools were invited to participate in this research. At pre-test basic knowledge and attitude of teachers about HIV/AIDS were evaluated. Then their educational needs and curriculum were designed. Then 2 weeks after conducting the education, teacher's knowledge and attitude were evaluated (post-test). Results 1,838 teachers with the mean age of 39.81+6.104 participated in this study. The mean score of their knowledge about HIV/AIDS rose from 11.84+2.116 to 12.2+ 1.450 after intervention. The mean score of their attitude about HIV/AIDS rose from 18.07+4.740 to 20.64+4.905 after intervention. The results showed that there was a significant difference between teachers’ knowledge and attitude before and after the training program (P=0.000). Conclusion According to the study it can be concluded teachers training to increase knowledge about HIV/AIDS and improve their attitude towards the disease AIDS.attitudeHIV/AIDSKnowledgeTeachersTraining programs2015120111611168http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_6240_9e046f70dc62a83e3431581d0ad1b12c.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2Plastic Bronchitis in a Child Presenting as Surgical EmphysemaNikitaTripathiSheeshamAgarwalVishnuGoyalRakeshJoraPlastic bronchitis (PB) refers to the presence of inspissated Bronchial casts (BC) is uncommon in children.Our case presented with subcutaneous emphysema as the dominant manifestation and was suspected to have foreign body in airway, but bronchoscopy revealed a bronchial cast. Subcutaneous emphysema as the initial/sole manifestation of plastic bronchitis is very rare in children.Bronchial castsPlastic BronchitisSurgical Emphysema2015120111691172http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_6137_d2547ab041b34c3e9503ca6b7e1865e8.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2Factors Affecting the Rate of Pediatric Pneumonia in Developing Countries: a Review and Literature StudyMonirRamezaniSeyedeh ZahraAemmiZahraEmami MoghadamIntroduction: Millions of children less than 5 years old die from pneumonia globally and about 75-70% of these deaths occur in infants. Persian and English articles of International and National databases such as “WHO, Scopus and the Cochrane, Pub Med, Science Direct, Wiley, Google Scholar, SID, Iran Medex, Magiran, Med Lib and Iran Doc were searched from 1970 to 2014. Result: The factors such as low birth weight, malnutrition, lack of breast feeding, micronutrient deficiencies, smoking tobacco, kindergarten and maternal education are the most important factors affecting the rate of pneumonia in developing countries. Conclusion: Actions such as nutritional interventions develop effective strategies on abstinence of smoking, promote the knowledge and practice of mothers about proper care of infants could have a significant effect on the reduction of morbidity and mortality of pneumonia in the infants.PneumoniaInfantsDeveloping countries2015120111731181http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_6179_01461d0e1f3c3c2ef17c015974ff1261.pdf2015-12-0110.22038International Journal of Pediatricsijp ; Int J Pediatr2345-50472345-5047201536.2Healthy Diet in Children: Facts and KeysGholam HasanKhodaeeZahraEmami MoghadamGholamrezaKhademiMasumehSaeidiConsuming a healthy diet throughout the lifecourse helps prevent malnutrition in all its forms as well as a range of Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and conditions. But the increased production of processed food, rapid urbanization and changing lifestyles have led to a shift in dietary patterns. People are now consuming more foods high in energy, fats, free sugars or salt/sodium, and many do not eat enough fruit, vegetables and dietary fibre such as whole grains. In the first 2 years of a child’s life, optimal nutrition fosters healthy growth and improves cognitive development. It also reduces the risk of becoming overweight or obese and developing NCDs later in life. Nutrition for kids is based on the same principles as nutrition for adults. Everyone needs the same types of nutrients; such as vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, protein and fat. Children, however, need different amounts of specific nutrients at different agesHealthy dietChildrenNutrition2015120111831194http://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_6238_7b1471a4d5faeb2593523a912ec0f451.pdf