Collar

Collar

Refers to the ceiling and floor of the price fluctuation of an underlying asset. A collar is usually set up with options, swaps, or by other agreements. In corporate finance, the collar strategy of buying puts and selling calls is often used to mitigate the risk of a concentrated position in (sometimes) restricted stock. When the restricted owner can't sell the stock, but needs to diversify the risk, a collar transaction is one of the few tools available. Many corporate executives who receive chunks of their compensation in restricted stock need to employ this strategy to mitigate the diversification risk in their overall portfolio.

collar

1. In options, buying a put and selling short a call so as to limit the potential profit and loss from an investment position.

2. The level at which an index triggers a circuit breaker to temporarily stop trading.

3. In an acquisition, an upper and lower limit that will be paid for shares of the company to be acquired.

4. In a new issue, a limit on the price or interest rate that is acceptable. See also zero-cost collar.

Case Study In December 2000 PepsiCo, Inc., announced it would acquire Quaker Oats Co. for $13.4 billion in PepsiCo stock. The elusive deal was sealed after Quaker spurned an earlier PepsiCo offer and a more recent offer from Coca-Cola had been withdrawn. Both soft drink giants were after Quaker's noncarbonated beverages, including Gatorade. The deal specified that PepsiCo would offer 2.3 shares of its stock for each share of Quaker. At a then-current PepsiCo stock price of $42.38, the Quaker shares were each valued at $97.46. The agreement also provided a minimum and maximum value, or collar, for the Quaker stock. PepsiCo guaranteed a minimum price of $92 per Quaker share in the event PepsiCo stock fell below $40 for ten random days during the month prior to closing. Likewise, PepsiCo would be required to pay no more than $105 per Quaker share in the event PepsiCo stock increased to more than $45.65. The collar of $92 to $105 provided a maximum and minimum value that Quaker stockholders would receive for each of their shares. The earlier PepsiCo offer specified the same 2.3-to-1 exchange rate but had been rejected by Quaker because PepsiCo was unwilling to include a collar as part of the offer. In other words, PepsiCo refused to guarantee a minimum price for the Quaker stock it wanted to acquire.

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