LIMPERG234_00247

228 APPLYING EFFICIENCY PBINCIPLBS
escape detection, it is a good plan to take the total time
independently by a standard watch. This was done,
and the two totals are compared near the end of Table
12. It is not to be expected that the two totals wiU
agree exactly; but they ought to come close enough to
show that the stop watch readings are near enough for
practical purposes.
203. As another example of the use of the time study
to detect causes of inefficiency; in a shoe factory it
was observed that the cutters of upper leather were
losing a great deal of time. A study of the type shown
in Table 12 showed that the losses of time were caused
almost altogether by their inability to obtain the dies
necessary to cut their work on the clicking machines.
It showed also that in a very large percentage of these
cases, it was a die of one particular pattern that could
not be obtained. This brought to light the fact that
the supply of those dies was insufficient for the de­mand,
as the pattern was the best seller that season.
However, it proved possible so to distribute the orders
for this pattern among the cutters that, instead of
every cutter having to use every die, as had previously
been the case (so that a cutter who wanted a die was
likely to hunt all over the room for it), the dies used
by one cutter would be used by him only, so that he
could keep them at hand, and make the supply of dies
sufficient for the need.
204. In some work elemental operations do not re­peat
themselves in a definite cycle. For example, the
work of making a complicated sand mold by hand could
not be analyzed into cycles like those of Table 8
(Article 189) and Table 10 (Article 191). Where
there is no definite main cycle, a finer analysis than
that of Table 12 is usually impracticable with the stop

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228 APPLYING EFFICIENCY PBINCIPLBS
escape detection, it is a good plan to take the total time
independently by a standard watch. This was done,
and the two totals are compared near the end of Table
12. It is not to be expected that the two totals wiU
agree exactly; but they ought to come close enough to
show that the stop watch readings are near enough for
practical purposes.
203. As another example of the use of the time study
to detect causes of inefficiency; in a shoe factory it
was observed that the cutters of upper leather were
losing a great deal of time. A study of the type shown
in Table 12 showed that the losses of time were caused
almost altogether by their inability to obtain the dies
necessary to cut their work on the clicking machines.
It showed also that in a very large percentage of these
cases, it was a die of one particular pattern that could
not be obtained. This brought to light the fact that
the supply of those dies was insufficient for the de­mand,
as the pattern was the best seller that season.
However, it proved possible so to distribute the orders
for this pattern among the cutters that, instead of
every cutter having to use every die, as had previously
been the case (so that a cutter who wanted a die was
likely to hunt all over the room for it), the dies used
by one cutter would be used by him only, so that he
could keep them at hand, and make the supply of dies
sufficient for the need.
204. In some work elemental operations do not re­peat
themselves in a definite cycle. For example, the
work of making a complicated sand mold by hand could
not be analyzed into cycles like those of Table 8
(Article 189) and Table 10 (Article 191). Where
there is no definite main cycle, a finer analysis than
that of Table 12 is usually impracticable with the stop