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This is a Wonderful 39 page Technical document on covering all aspect of Waterless Urinals and some variants that incorporates
the core ideas.

written by

Dr V M Chariar

S Ramesh Sakthivel

from forward

This Resource Book is a guide that seeks to assist individuals, builders, engineers, architects, and policy makers in promoting waterless urinals and the benefits of harvesting urine for reuse through waterless urinals and urine diverting toilets.

Chapters cover a wide set of Waterless Urinals details

Waterless Urinals

1.1 Advantages of Waterless Urinals and Reuse of Urine

1.2 Demerits of Conventional Urinals

Functioning of Waterless Urinals

2.1 Sealant Liquid Traps

2.2 Membrane Traps

2.3 Biological Blocks

2.4 Comparative Analysis of Popular Odour Traps

2.5 Other Types of odour Traps

2.6 Installation and Maintenance of Waterless Urinals

Innovative Urinal Designs

3.1 Public Urinal Kiosk 21

3.2 Green Waterless Urinal

3.3 Self Constructed Urinals

Urine Diverting Toilets

Urine Harvesting for Agriculture

5.1 Safe Application of Urine 3

5.2 Methods of Urine Application

Other Applications of Urine

Challenges and the Way Forward

References and Further Reading

The book has a solid collection of tables and diagrams that support the text

Among many topics the Doc weighs pros and cons of of traps to prevent odor and gases for escaping .Most of the solutions have cost / maintenance barriers that limit feasibility to particular set of cases. India is a large county and need a variety of solutions as does the rest of the world.

We will will be interested to learn more about Zerodor
“An odourless trap Zerodor which does not require replaceable parts or consumables resulting in low maintenance costs has been developed at IIT Delhi. This model is in final test stage yet to be made commercially available.” more on Zerodor…

further notes from forward

Waterless Urinals do not require water for flushing and can be promoted at homes, institutions and public places to save water, energy and to harvest urine as a resource. Reduction in infrastructure required for water supply and waste water treatment is also a spinoff arising from installing waterless urinals. The concept, founded on the principles of ecological sanitation helps in preventing environmental damage caused by conventional flush sanitation systems.

In recent years, Human Urine has been identified as a potential resource that can be beneficially used for agriculture and industrial purposes. Human urine contains significant portion of essential plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphate and potassium excreted by human beings. Urine and faeces can also be separated employing systems such as urine diverting toilets. In the light of diminishing world’s phosphate and oil reserves which determine availability as well as pricing of mineral fertilisers, harvesting urine for reuse in agriculture assumes significant importance. Akin to the movement for harvesting rain water, urine harvesting is a concept which could have huge implications for resource conservation.