REPRODUCTION: Courtship in fall and spring; males sexually mature at 3.5 years; females sexually mature at 4.5 years; clutch size=27; eggs found June 16-September 4; eggs deposited in late spring and early summer; eggs hatch late summer and fall; remain with eggs through period of development to hatching; sex recognition may be related to aggressive behavior of males towards other males during courtship season; eggs attached either to underside of rocks or tree roots *953*. The eggs are attached individually by a single peduncle *10812*.

BEHAVIOR: Streambank species; inhabits banks of large and small streams at lower elevations; absent from headwaters of streams above 4300 feet; most nests in banks of aquatic sites; nest sites in the vicinity of rotting logs on stream banks; nests in the interstices between rocks; tranformed individuals hide in burrows in stream banks *953*; sometimes found in rocky streams, prefers muddier areas; enters water readily to escape danger *1008*; mainly nocturnal but sometimes appears in open in shady spots during daylight *883*; inhabits banks of swiftly flowing mountain streams *953,3817*.

ORIGIN: Native *953*.

POPULATION PARAMETERS: Survivorship of female similar to that of male *953*.

10812 - Organ, J.A., 1990, Salamander Survey Section One 1990, Prepared for the Mount Rogers National Recreation Area, Jefferson National Forest, 40 pgs., Dept. of Bio. of the City College of New York, New York