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Summary

A global perspective on the major narratives of world history. Written by leading scholars in their respective fields, The Heritage of World Civilizationsoffers compelling and thorough coverage of the unique heritage of Asian, African, Middle Eastern, European and American civilizations while highlighting the role of the world's great religious and philosophical traditions. This comprehensive yet accessible survey of world history has been extensively revised to provide an even more global and comparative perspective on the events and processes that have shaped our increasingly interdependent world. Note: MyHistoryLabdoes not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyHistoryLab at no extra charge, please visitwww.MyHistoryLab.comor use ISBN: 9780205207572.

Author Biography

Albert M. Craig is the Harvard-Yenching research professor of history emeritus at Harvard University, where he has taught since 1959. A graduate of Northwestern University, he received his Ph.D. at Harvard University. He has studied at Strasbourg University and at Kyoto, Keio and Tokyo universities in Japan. He is the author of Choshu in the Meiji Restoration (1961), The Heritage of Japanese Civilization (2011) and, with others, East Asia, Tradition and Transformation (1989). He is the editor of Japan, A Comparative View (1973) and co-editor of Personality in Japanese History (1970) and Civilization and Enlightnment: the Early Thought of Fukuzawa Yukichi (2009). He was the director of the Harvard-Yenching Institute. He has also been a visiting professor at Kyoto and Tokyo universities. He has received Guggenheim, Fulbright and Japan Foundation Fellowships. In 1988 he was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun by the Japanese government.

William A. Graham is the Albertson professor of Middle Eastern studies in the faculty of arts and sciences and the O’Brian professor of divinity and dean in the faculty of divinity at Harvard University, where he has taught for 34 years. He has directed the Center for Middle Eastern Studies and chaired the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, the Committee on the Study of Religion and the Core Curriculum Committee on Foreign Cultures. He received his B.A. in comparative literature from University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and an A.M. and Ph.D. in history of religion from Harvard. He also studied in Göttingen, Tübingen, Lebanon and London. He is the former chair of the Council on Graduate Studies in Religion (U.S. and Canada). In 2000 he received the quinquennial Award for Excellence in Research in Islamic History and Culture from the Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA) of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference. He has held John Simon Guggenheim and Alexander von Humboldt research fellowships and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Among his publications are Beyond the Written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion (1987); Divine Word and Prophetic Word in Early Islam (1977—ACLS History of Religions Prize, 1978) and Three Faiths, One God (co-authored, 2003).

Donald Kagan is the Sterling professor of history and classics at Yale University, where he has taught since 1969. He received an A.B. degree in history from Brooklyn College, an M.A. in classics from Brown University and a Ph.D. in history from Ohio State University. Between 1958 and 1959 he studied at the American School of Classical Studies as a Fulbright scholar. He has received three awards for undergraduate teaching at Cornell and Yale. He is the author of a history of Greek political thought, The Great Dialogue (1965); a four-volume history of the Peloponnesian war, The Origins of the Peloponnesian War (1969); The Archidamian War (1974); The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition (1981); The Fall of the Athenian Empire (1987); a biography of Pericles, Pericles of Athens and the Birth of Democracy (1991); On the Origins of War (1995) and The Peloponnesian War (2003). He is co-author, with Frederick W. Kagan, of While America Sleeps (2000). With Brian Tierney and L. Pearce Williams, he is the editor of Great Issues in Western Civilization, a collection of readings. He was awarded the National Humanities Medal for 2002 and was chosen by the National Endowment for the Humanities to deliver the Jefferson Lecture in 2004.

Steven Ozment is the McLean professor of ancient and modern history at Harvard University. He has taught western civilization at Yale, Stanford and Harvard. He is the author of 11 books. The Age of Reform, 1250–1550 (1980) won the Schaff Prize and was nominated for the 1981 National Book Award. Five of his books have been selections of the History Book Club: Magdalena and Balthasar: An Intimate Portrait of Life in Sixteenth Century Europe (1986), Three Behaim Boys: Growing Up in Early Modern Germany (1990), Protestants: The Birth of A Revolution (1992), The Burgermeister’s Daughter: Scandal in a Sixteenth Century German Town (1996) and Flesh and Spirit: Private Life in Early Modern Germany (1999). His most recent publications are Ancestors: The Loving Family of Old Europe (2001), A Mighty Fortress: A New History of the German People (2004) and “Why We Study Western Civ,” The Public Interest 158 (2005).

Frank M. Turner was the John Hay Whitney professor of history at Yale University and director of the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, where he served as university provost from 1988 to 1992. He received his B.A. degree at the College of William and Mary and his Ph.D. from Yale. He received the Yale College Award for Distinguished Undergraduate Teaching. He directed a national endowment for the Humanities Summer Institute. His scholarly research received the support of fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Guggenheim Foundation and the Woodrow Wilson Center. He is the author of Between Science and Religion: The Reaction to Scientific Naturalism in Late Victorian England (1974), The Greek Heritage in Victorian Britain (1981), which received the British Council Prize of the Conference on British Studies and the Yale Press Governors Award, Contesting Cultural Authority: Essays in Victorian Intellectual Life (1993) and John Henry Newman: The Challenge to Evangelical Religion (2002). He has also contributed numerous articles to journals and has served on the editorial advisory boards of The Journal of Modern History, Isis and Victorian Studies. He edited The Idea of a University by John Henry Newman (1996), Reflections on the Revolution in France by Edmund Burke (2003) and Apologia Pro Vita Sua and Six Sermons by John Henry Newman (2008). Between l996 and 2006 he served as a trustee of Connecticut College and between 2004 and 2008 as a member of the Connecticut Humanities Council.

Table of Contents

Documents

Maps

Preface

Chapter 14: Africa CA. 1000—1700

North Africa and Egypt

The Spread of Islam South of the Sahara

GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Africa, 1000—1700

Sahelian Empires of the Western and Central Sudan

The Eastern Sudan

The Forestlands–Coastal West and

Central Africa

A CLOSER LOOK Benin Bronze Plaque with Chief and Two Attendants

East Africa

Southern Africa

SUMMARY

KEY TERMS

REVIEW QUESTIONS

Chapter 15: Europe to the Early 1500s: Revival, Decline, and Renaissance