Tisha B'Av in the United Kingdom

Many Jewish communities in the United Kingdom observe Tisha B’Av on the ninth day of the month of Av, as observed in the Jewish calendar. It is a day of mourning to remember events such as the destruction of the First Temple and Second Temple in Jerusalem. When Tisha B’Av falls on Shabbat (Saturday), it is deferred to Sunday, 10th of Av.

What Do People Do?

Tisha B’Av is a sad day for many Jewish people in the United Kingdom. It reminds them of the oppression and violence that caused suffering among Jewish people throughout history. Many Jewish communities in the United Kingdom follow various restrictions during Tisha B’Av. These restrictions may include:

Fasting (those who are sick are exempt from fasting).

Avoiding washing, bathing, shaving or wearing cosmetics.

Not wearing leather shoes.

Avoiding certain types of work.

Abstaining from sexual activities.

Sitting on comfortable chairs.

Many traditional mourning practices are observed, such as prayers and refraining from smiling, laughing, or wearing new clothing. Those who observe Tisha B’Av are allowed to study only certain portions of the Torah and Talmud on Tisha B'Av. The book of Lamentations is read during the evening services at many synagogues. All ornaments are removed from synagogues and lights are dimmed. The ark (cabinet where the Torah is kept) is draped in black.

Public Life

Tisha B’Av is not a bank holiday in the United Kingdom. However, some Jewish organizations may be closed or have restricted opening hours.

Background

Tisha B’Av, also known as the Jewish Fast of Av, is a period of fasting, lamentation and prayer to remember the destruction of the First and Second Temples of Jerusalem. The Jewish people still continued the fast day even after they rebuilt the First Temple after the Babylonians destroyed it in 586 BCE. The Romans destroyed the Second Temple by burning it in 70 CE and this marked the start of a long exile period for Jewish people. These are two of five sad events or calamities that occurred on the ninth day of the month of Av. The other three were when:

Ten of the 12 scouts sent by Moses to Canaan gave negative reports of the area, leading to the Israelites’ despair.

The Romans captured the fortress city of Beitar, the last stronghold of the leaders of the Bar Kochba revolt, and thousands of Jewish people, including Bar Kokhba (or Kochba), were massacred in 135 CE.

The city of Jerusalem was destroyed in 136 CE.

Tisha B’Av is a sad day that observes other major disasters and tragedies that Jewish people experienced throughout history, including the expulsion of the Jewish people from England in 1290 and from Spain in 1492, as well as the mass deportation of Jewish people from the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II.

Tisha B’Av begins at sunset on the previous day and lasts for more than 24 hours. It is the culmination of a three-week period of mourning. Weddings and other parties are generally not permitted and people refrain from cutting their hair during this period. It is customary to refrain from activities such as eating meat or drinking wine (except on the Shabbat) from the first to the ninth day of Av.