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AUGUST 1989
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Welcome Back!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Conversion to VM/XA SP on the 3084 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
UKCC Consulting Support Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
UKCC Short Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Computer Classes Around Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Coursework on the Computers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600
Buying a Microcomputer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Care and Handling of New Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829
Micro Lab Hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 974
Music in the Micro Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 990
Good News for Micro Lab Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1100
Special PC Sale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1108
Getting Your Output at the Data Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1123
Introducing Exploring CMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1147
Exploring CMS: COPYFILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1178
Holiday Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1245
Reel-Type Tapes to be Phased Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1255
IMSL 9.2 to be Removed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1281
LANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1306
Converting from the HP 2689 to the IBM 3800 . . . . . . . . . . . .1424
3090 Research Projects Supported by the CCS . . . . . . . . . . . .1518
Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1680
UKCC Classifieds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1780
Service Directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1797
*************************************************************************
WELCOME BACK!
We've been busy this summer, upgrading the systems and improving
our services. If you haven't been around since spring, here's what
you've missed.
The most obvious change was the conversion to VM/XA SP 2 on both
the IBM 3090 and 3084. The Consultants in 110 McVey Hall, 257-2249,
can help you with any conversion questions you might have.
User Account Services has a new accounting system that will
provide you with improved utilization and accounting information.
Our modem pool telephone numbers changed July 1, and we now have
twenty 2400 baud modems and sixteen 1200 baud modems.
We've removed the HP laser printer from service. If you used to
send your output to the HP laser printer, contact a Consultant in 110
McVey Hall, 245-2249 for help in converting to the IBM 3800 laser
printer. Detailed information on converting is included in this issue.
The VIEW facility on CMS has a new list, featuring current
weather information. Just enter VIEW WEATHER.
TeX users now have a new list for their special interests.
Contact Shashi Sathaye at 257-2247, SYSSHASH@UKCC.UKY.EDU, for more
information.
The Micro Lab will be operating under extended hours beginning
September 11.
Renovation continues throughout McVey Hall, but most offices and
staff are still located where they were in the spring.
Beginning with this issue we'll be featuring a new column,
Exploring CMS, that will provide information on specific CMS commands.
If there's a particular command or topic you'd like more information
about or help with, contact Bob Crovo, 257-2258, CROVO@UKCC.UKY.EDU.
This month we've included our short courses for the fall,
computer classes being offered by other campus departments, what to
look for when buying a microcomputer, how to care for new software,
hints to instructors on using the systems, suggestions, UKCC
statistics, what the SuperUsers are up to, and lots of other helpful
information.
The Kentucky Register continues to be published online every
month. To see back issues, enter VIEW UKCC REGISTER. If you have
suggestions or ideas for the newsletter, or just want to subscribe to
the printed newsletter, contact Marguerite Floyd, EDITOR@UKCC.UKY.EDU,
257-2219. We're always interested in computing-related articles from
our users.
Welcome back -- this year promises to be better than ever.
-- The UKCC Staff
*************************************************************************
VM/XA SP 2 AND CMS 5.5 ON THE 3084
On July 23 the IBM 3084 was converted to VM/XA. The two 3084
nodes, UKCC and UKCCB, have been merged into a single node, UKCC,
running under VM/XA.
VM/XA SP 2 is the latest version of IBM's VM operating system.
In addition to providing new functions, it has changes in many
existing commands and messages.
CMS 5.5 is a significantly new and different CMS. There are new
commands and new options, but the biggest changes are internal and not
immediately obvious.
VM/XA SP 2 and CMS 5.5 have been in use since early May of this
year on the IBM 3090, node UKCCS.
Extended Architecture
The traditional 370 architecture allowed only 24 bits for storage
addressing, limiting programs to a 16 megabyte address space. The new
extended architecture (XA) uses 31 bits for storage addressing,
providing a potential for billions of bytes of addressability. (VM/XA
SP has an implementation limit of 999 megabytes, and each userid has
an assigned limit which generally is lower still.) XA introduces many
other changes, most significantly in the input/output system and the
format and use of reserved storage locations, control registers, and
status indications.
VM/XA SP Release 2
VM/XA SP makes the new features of XA available to CMS and
programs running under it. XA SP supports two modes of virtual
machine operation: 370 and XA. In 370 mode (the initial setting at
logon) the old 370 architecture and its constraints apply. This
increases compatibility with previous releases of VM, but restricts
programs to 16 megabytes. In XA mode, all of the new features of XA
are used but at the cost of compatibility. The important point to
remember here is that if you don't need a larger virtual machine you
should keep below 16 megabytes and run in 370 mode to minimize your
difficulties during conversion. The STORAGE command automatically
handles mode switching as necessary based on your machine size.
VM/XA SP introduces a number of other changes that are unrelated
to the new architecture. Changes in the spool system are perhaps the
most obvious. There have been changes in the syntax of some commands
and in the formats of many messages. Many messages that were formerly
all uppercase are now in mixed case. This may require changes in
EXECs that examine the responses from CP commands.
VM/XA SP does not yet provide all of the features of earlier,
non-XA versions of VM.
CMS Storage
CMS uses the address space from about 12 megabytes to 16
megabytes for its nucleus, disk directories, and shared code. This is
true regardless of the size of your virtual machine. Thus, a 12
megabyte machine provides about the same amount of space for user
programs and data as a 16 megabyte machine. The initial storage size
for most users at logon is 2 megabytes with a maximum of 4 megabytes.
Mail
With CMS 5.5 we are introducing version 89.01 of Mail. It has
several performance enhancements and will use less CPU time, but
requires slightly more virtual storage. There are several new
features, including dynamically updated menus and better support for
domain addressing.
This is also a new NAMES command that allows longer userids and
node names (this version was previously available as NNAMES). The IBM
version of NAMES will continue to be available as IBMNAMES. Online
help is available for both.
FORTRAN
The current VS FORTRAN (2.3) is supported under XA SP in XA mode.
Large arrays that will extend above the 16 megabyte boundary must be
declared in dynamic common. If these arrays are passed through to
subroutines through the calling sequences, then only the calling
program needs to declare them in dynamic common.
Conversion Continues
In general, IBM-supplied commands work in all modes. Most other
commands work in 370 mode (16 megabytes or less), but may not work in
XA mode (greater than 16 megabytes). Commands that haven't been
converted will often fail with "operation exception" or "specification
exception" errors.
Recommendations
* Use storage under 12 megabytes whenever possible.
* Use the STORAGE command to define your storage
size and machine mode.
* If you need a function that isn't supported in XA mode,
switch back to 370-mode by defining a storage size
less than 12 megabytes.
Other Notes
* VM/XA supports only 30 simultaneous SESSION host
userids. If SESSION is not available, use PVM
to get another session. (PVM does not have all
of the features of SESSION, but PVM is available in
any mode while SESSION is available only in 370
mode. Consult the online help for more information.)
* The CMS Batch system is considerably different than
the system used under HPO. The functions provided are
about the same, but batch jobs must be written as
EXECs. The syntax of the BATCH command has changed,
too. HELP NEWBATCH for more information.
* To avoid a problem with the loader in virtual machines
greater than 16 megabytes the EXECs used to load and
execute programs (VSF2CG, for example), specify RMODE 24.
* Accounting information is not yet available. This means
that the COST, BALANCE, and CC commands do not function
at this time.
Getting Help
If you need help with or more information about the conversion,
contact a Consultant in 110 McVey Hall, SUGGEST@UKCC.UKY.EDU,
257-2249.
-- Dave Elbon
*************************************************************************
UKCC CONSULTING SUPPORT LISTING
The UKCC offers a wide array of consulting services. We've
compiled and published a detailed listing of the hardware and
software consulting that we offer.
This listing will automatically be sent to campus subscribers
of "The Kentucky Register." If you'd like an extra copy, stop by
the Consulting Room in 110 McVey Hall or by the Main Office, 128
McVey Hall.
The listing is free and will be updated quarterly.
*************************************************************************
UKCC SHORT COURSES
The following short courses are free to all UK faculty, staff,
and students, but preregistration is required. If you register for a
course and then find that you will be unable to attend, please cancel
your registration by calling 257-UKCC. Failure to do so may
jeopardize your right to register for future UKCC short courses.
You can register online -- some classes require online
registration. Just enter
VIEW UKCC SHORTCOURSE
on your CMS account on the IBM 3084, and follow the menus.
Many of these classes don't require any knowledge or experience
with any computer system. If there are prerequisites for a particular
class, they'll be listed in the class description. If you have
questions about class content or bypassing prerequisites, call the
instructor for that class.
INTRODUCTION TO VM/CMS AND XEDIT
September 7 and 8 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
October 2 and 3
1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
November 9 and 10
2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
A basic introduction to interactive use of the IBM mainframe systems,
this class presumes no previous knowledge of the IBM systems or any
other computer system. You'll learn how to access the computer, how
to create and manage files on your account, and how to use online
tools such as CALENDAR and VIEW. You'll also learn how to use the CMS
text editor, XEDIT, to create and modify individual files. This
course will be taught in two two-hour sessions. Both sessions will
provide hands-on practice of the commands that are covered. You will
be given a class computer account which will remain active for the
duration of the course. This course will be offered three times
during the Fall semester. Your instructor will be Pat Murphy
(257-2244).
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC MAIL ON THE IBM
September 12
3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
October 13
1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
November 13
1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
An introduction to the MAIL command on the IBM 3084, this class is for
the beginner. You'll learn how to create mail files and send them to
other IBM system users, to WANG system users, or to PRIME system
users. We will also cover the use of BITNET to communicate with
individuals at other academic centers around the world. You will
learn how to read incoming mail and some techniques for storing old
mail. We'll also discuss how to create and maintain a NAMES file of
individuals with whom you frequently correspond. You will be taught
the logon sequence and some basic CMS background before we begin the
discussion of MAIL. This class presumes no previous knowledge of the
IBM systems or any other computer system. You'll be given a CMS
account for the duration of the course and will receive hands-on
instruction for all the commands covered. Your instructor will be Pat
Murphy (257-2244).
INTRODUCTION TO PHOENIX
November 2 and 3 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
The UKCC has recently purchased Phoenix, a courseware authoring and
presentation system, to run on the IBM 3084. This software greatly
simplifies the task of creating computer-based training packages and
computer test bank applications. The system provides a powerful full
screen editor for creating presentation screens. Standard question
types which are supported through a complex answer analysis feature
are short answer, fill-in-the-blank, multiple choice, and true-false.
The entire system from sign-on to sign-off is menu-driven, making it
relatively easy even for non-programmers to develop quality computer
courseware to supplement or enhance existing classroom instruction.
Students can access courseware written for the IBM 3084 from any of
the terminal cluster sites on campus. This introductory course is
intended for anyone who has an interest in developing computer-aided
instruction. No previous computer experience is required. Pat Murphy
will be your instructor (257-2244).
INTRODUCTION TO SCRIPT
October 10 and 12
3:00 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
An introduction to the text processor on the IBM 3084. This course
will be particularly helpful if you must prepare large documents for
research work or for routine course work. This class will cover the
basic SCRIPT commands and commands for generating letter-quality
output on the Apple LaserWriters. Completion of Introduction to
VM/CMS and XEDIT, described above, is an adequate prerequisite. Your
instructor will be Dave McCreary (257-2264). Online registration is
required for this course.
INTRODUCTION TO SCRIPT EQUATION PROCESSING
October 17
3:00 p.m. to 4:30 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
The UKCC recently installed release 88.1 of SCRIPT which provides
commands for including very complex equations as part of a text
document. These commands will be discussed in this class. Experience
with using SCRIPT or completion of the Introduction to SCRIPT class
described above is a prerequisite for attendance in this course. Your
instructor will be Dave McCreary (257-2264). Online registration is
required for this course.
INTRODUCTION TO FORTRAN
September 25
3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
An introduction to using VS FORTRAN and WATFOR-77 on the IBM 3084.
The course will cover the statements used to compile and run FORTRAN
source code using the CMS or MVS systems. Useful options available
with the VS FORTRAN compiler will be covered. Converting older
FORTRAN code (FORTRAN G, FORTRAN H, etc.) to compile and run with the
VS FORTRAN compiler will be discussed. Prerequisites are familiarity
with CMS and XEDIT for file building and editing, and a solid
background in FORTRAN coding. This is NOT a course about learning to
program in FORTRAN. Tom Faller will be your instructor (257-2236).
Online registration is required for this course.
INTRODUCTION TO VECTORIZED FORTRAN
October 2
3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
An introduction to coding VS FORTRAN programs to use the vector
facility on the IBM 3090 computer. Vectorization reduces the amount
of time needed to process DO loops by concurrently processing the DO
loop elements. Vecotrization will work on unmodified code, but
program speedup can be increased by proper coding techniques. A good
background in FORTRAN is prerequisite, as well as familiarity with CMS
and XEDIT. Vectorizing works only with VS FORTRAN, so the FORTRAN
class described above is a useful prerequisite if your code is in an
older version of FORTRAN. Your instructor will be Tom Faller
(257-2236), and online registration is required.
INTRODUCTION TO SAS
September 19 to 22
3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
October 7
9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
SAS is a collection of powerful and flexible data management and
statistical analysis procedures that allow you to create and analyze
libraries of data files on the IBM 3084. This course will emphasize
simple data manipulation and general syntax and is designed for new
and inexperienced SAS users. CMS and XEDIT knowledge is prerequisite.
Your instructor will be Lorinda Wang (257-2204) for the September
class and Steve Thomson (257-2259) for the October class. Online
registration is required.
INTRODUCTION TO SAS/GRAPH
September 26 to 28
3:00 to 5:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
SAS/GRAPH is a collection of SAS PROCs that can be used to draw text
in various fonts; plot values in the x-y plane with various curves;
draw three-dimensional and contour plots of functions; display bar,
pie, star, and block charts; and plot several different map displays
using SAS datasets for county, state, and country boundaries on the
IBM 3084. The Introduction to SAS short course, described above, is a
prerequisite. Lorinda Wang will be your instructor (257-2204).
Online registration is required for this course.
INTRODUCTION TO SPSS-X
October 3 to 6
3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. 103 McVey Hall
SPSS-X is a powerful program for displaying and analyzing data on the
IBM 3084. This course is designed for those who have little or no
knowledge of SPSS-X, but experience with CMS, or completion of the
Introduction to VM/CMS & XEDIT, is prerequisite. Your instructor will
be Lorinda Wang (257-2204). Online registration is required for this
course.
GENERAL LINEAR MODELS IN SAS
October 9, 11, and 13
3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
This course will cover features of SAS procedures for the analysis of
univariate and multivariate linear models. The course will review the
use of SAS procedures for multiple regression and the analysis of
balanced and unbalanced designs. Included will be an overview of the
various regression diagnostics in PROC REG, a discussion of the
various types of sums of squares in PROC GLM and PROC REG, hints on
analyzing repeated measures designs, and a review of the various
multiple comparisons. This course is designed to be of help to those
who need to analyze many different linear models in SAS. Completion
of the Introduction to SAS course or equivalent experience in SAS,
plus some experience with regression or ANOVA, is a prerequisite.
Steve Thomson will be your instructor (257-2259).
STRUCTURAL EQUATION ANALYSIS AND PROGRAMS
October 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, and 27
3:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.
103 McVey Hall
Structural equation analysis can be viewed as a generalization of
regression analysis, simultaneous equestion, and factor analysis.
Basically, one analyzes linear relations among certain inexactly
measured, possibly latent, variables. This course is an introduction
to the methodology of structural equations and the main programs that
implement such analyses, i.e., LISREL, EQS, and LISCOMP. Some
experience with regression and factor analysis and running programs
using such techniques is a prerequisite. Your instructor will be
Steve Thomson (257-2259).
*************************************************************************
COMPUTER CLASSES AROUND CAMPUS
Many of our readers ask about computer literacy and
microcomputing short courses. Below are the short courses available
and who to contact for more information.
All of these classes require a tuition fee.
Community Education
205 Frazee Hall
Community Education computer classes provide hands-on training on
personal computers. You may enroll in any class, including those in
the Computer Certificate Program.
General computing courses include:
Basics of Computer
Shopping Building Your Own Computer
Demystify Your Computer
First Course in Computing
Wordperfect
Introduction to Lotus 1-2-3
Intermediate Lotus 1-2-3
Intermediate BASIC Programming
Understanding MS DOS and PC DOS
Accounting for Computers
The Community Education Computer Certificate Program certifies
students' skills in basic microcomputer applications. It also serves
as a core for those who wish to continue in the Advance Business
Applications. Classes include:
Data Management
Fundamentals of Microcomputers
Introduction to Electronic Spreadsheets
Introduction to Programming in BASIC
Word Processing
Advanced Business Applications are also offered by Community
Education. They include:
Custom Menu Macros
Macros to Print
Loan Payment Formulas
Lotus Add-Ins
Lotus Accounting Macros and Databases
General Ledger with Lotus
Practical Uses of your dBase III Mailing Lists
Creating Reports with dBase III
Introduction to dBase III Programming
Additional information is available by contacting the UK
Community Education Office at 257-3294.
Lexington Community College Moloney Building
LCC has added several short courses in their Computer
Productivity Center. Most classes run three to six hours; Ventura,
PageMaker, and CAD classes run fifteen to twenty hours. Each class
has been broken into specialized topics so you can select just the
topics in which you're interested.
DOS Applications
Introduction to the PC
Advanced DOS Applications
dBASE III+
Beginning dBASE III+
Intermediate dBASE III+
dBASE III+ Programming
Screen Creation and Customized Reports
Database Query & Organization Techniques
Networking with dBASE III+ Programming
Upgrading to dBase IV
Lotus 1-2-3
Lotus Spreadsheet Applications
Lotus Database Applications
Lotus Basic Graphs
Accounting with Lotus
Graphs and Analysis Lotus Style
Personal Productivity Macros
Macro Applications Development
Symphony
Beginning
Advanced
AutoCAD
Beginning Applications
CADKEY
Beginning Applications
Desktop Publishing
PageMaker
Ventura
Word Processing with DisplayWrite, Microsoft Word, Word
Star, or Wordperfect
Creating
Revising
Columnar Text
Special Document Handling
Producing Repetitive Documents
For more information, contact the Computer Productivity Center at
257-1163.
Office of Engineering Continuing Education 223 Transportation and
Research Building
Engineering Continuing Education offers short courses statewide.
Offered are:
Microcomputer Analysis of Transit Flow in Pipe Networks
(Nov. 8-9)
Computer Analysis of Pressure and Flow in Piping Systems
(Oct. 18-20)
Analysis of Pressure and Flow Distribution in Pipe Networks
(Sept. 20-21)
For more information, call Glenna Vickers at 257-4296.
*************************************************************************
COURSEWORK ON THE COMPUTERS
Availability of Hardware and Software
The three PRIME computers and the IBM mainframes are available
for instructional work. The PRIMEs generally are used for coursework;
however, if the software you need is only on the IBM systems, course
accounts can easily be established. Accounts for the PRIMEs and the
IBM can be opened by calling Wayne Beech and giving him the needed
information such as number of students, storage needed, and time
requirements. It may be necessary to make an appointment so he can
help establish the accounts. If you have questions about software or
requests for additional software, call Lavine Thrailkill at 257-2257.
Beginning September 11, the Micro Lab at 107 McVey Hall will be
open Monday through Thursday from 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m., Friday from
9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and Sunday from 1:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
Students, faculty, and staff can use the computers for homework, word
processing, to download or upload files to or from the mainframes, and
to explore new hardware and software.
Accessing the Computers
Clusters of terminals are available to students and instructors
at several locations on campus. These sites are listed in this issue,
along with their hours of operation. Most microcomputers that have
modems and appropriate software can access the PRIMEs or IBM systems.
Communications software for some of the micros is available through
the Micro Lab. KERMIT or YTERM software can be copied onto a
diskette, and instructions for its use are available.
Documentation
Most departments at UK are using computers in their coursework.
Since using computers can often be a frustrating experience for the
instructor as well as the students, the UKCC staff has prepared some
introductory manuals which are available free of charge. The demand
for the manuals is usually heavy at the beginning of the semester, so
to prevent delays it would be helpful to give us an estimate of your
class requirements. Call Peggy Akridge (257-2237), Bob Crovo
(257-2258), or Lavine Thrailkill (257-2257) so your manuals can be
printed before they're needed. The following manuals are available:
UKCC PRIME Users' Guide
Introduction to the Computing Center
IBM CMS Introductory Guide
Getting Started on the IBM PC
IBM PC BASIC
UKCC PRIMEWORD Users' Guide
UKCC Sheffield Editor Users' Guide
Helpful documents for instructors and advanced classes are
available and can be printed with the MANUAL command on CMS.
Consulting Help
During the regular semesters, UKCC student Consultants are
available at the various cluster sites to help students with terminals
and some consulting. The hours for consulting are posted at the
sites. In general, afternoons and evenings are covered, except for
Saturdays. The student Consultants can help with logging on and off,
editing, and general problems on the central computing facilities.
The UKCC has staff consulting help available when the student
Consultants are unable to answer hardware or software questions. The
Consulting Room is in 110 McVey Hall and is open from 9:00 a.m. to
5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday. Instructors are encouraged to check
with a UKCC Consultant about system changes and to get help concerning
the best way for a class to use the computer. Since so many academic
disciplines are now using computers, Consultants are able to help
students with computer-related questions, but usually cannot apply a
specific discipline to the computer.
End of Semester
Instructors set the dates for student accounts to expire on both
the PRIMEs and the IBM systems. Often, students are not aware of
these dates and don't realize their programs can't be accessed after
the semester ends. We can help students who want to download their
programs to a microcomputer, but this must be done before the accounts
expire. Therefore, it is helpful if your classes are informed of
these dates. The accounts are automatically deleted from the system
after they have expired.
-- Lavine Thrailkill
*************************************************************************
BUYING A MICROCOMPUTER
Many students find a personal computer to be one of the most
useful tools they can buy for college work. Personal computers have
been steadily increasing in flexibility and power, offering a student
the means to reduce the time they spend writing, organizing, and
analyzing.
Yet few students can afford to go all out and get the most
powerful machine, or one with the most expensive features.
Paradoxically, the microcomputer costs more than any software bought
for it, yet it is usually bought with less information beforehand.
This article will explain some of the buying strategies for
microcomputers, and explain some of the features a college student
will find useful in a computer system.
This article is being printed at the beginning of the semester
for a reason. If you're buying a computer to use as a word processor,
to write the semester's papers, to do the number crunching for a
research project, to organize a database, or spreadsheet a financial
project, you'd better get it early in the semester. That way, when
the crunch comes (the crunch always comes), you won't waste time
trying to tackle the basics.
Software First
First of all, decide why you need a computer. You may be able to
get a substitute much cheaper than a computer. A great programmable
calculator is about a fifth of the price of the cheapest computer; an
electric typewriter or a dedicated word processor is about half the
price.
If you decide to get a computer, look for one that does several
things well. A computer is only as useful as the software it runs.
Look at the software a computer runs before you look at specific
features of hardware. Many programs today allow exchange of data
between programs. Buy a computer that has several choices in the
program type you want. You may find that you need a feature of one
program, but another is easier on a day-to-day basis. A program that
will work in a professional environment will allow you to postpone an
immediate upgrade if you graduate to a job that relies on a personal
computer.
When you know what software you need, try a computer out. Find
someone who has had their machine for about six months, and watch them
work. Try something on their computer. Then try someone else's. If
you can, try the same software on different machines. Take your time
on other people's machines, and you'll save money on your own.
Treat computer stores as a place to learn about computers before
you buy. Computer stores have the widest selection of equipment and
the most up-to-date selection. Sit down at a machine in a store and
try things. Talk to the salespeople. Ask them to show the machine
off, then ask for a demonstration of the type of software you'll want
to use. Try different stores, but don't ask the salespeople to defend
the features of their product line versus another store's. This gains
you little factual information about features that may matter to you.
Brands aren't as important as a salesperson may tell you; most of the
good software programs are available on all computers. Your effort
should be to find a computer that does what you want, in a way that
you enjoy working with, at a price you can live with.
A good buying strategy is to go to all the computer shops in
town, and look at the total range of products. Try an expensive
machine to see what "luxury" features you'd like to pay more for. Try
the low-end machine to see what features you'd put up with to save a
few dollars.
Start making lists of machines that interest you, and the prices
involved. Check the local library and bookstores for books about the
hardware and software you are most interested in. Look at computer
magazines for an in-depth review of programs and machines. Weed out
your choices until you have, at most, two or three models that you'd
consider buying. These should be your first choices, and your main
focus should be finding the best price for one of them.
Buying
At this point, if you know what you want, but the price is still
too high to buy a new computer, you still have several options.
Buying a computer through a mail-order house is riskier than getting
it through a local dealer because of the distance factor of conducting
all transactions by mail or over the phone. Mail-order houses are
more reliable than they used to be, but expect any problems to take a
lot longer to resolve. The main concern is to know exactly what you
want and to make sure that's what you're ordering.
Another route is to buy a used computer. This is a touchy
subject. It's easy to get burned, but if you do some smart shopping,
you won't get burned too badly. The basic circuits in a computer are
cheap, and don't wear much. Disk drives will wear out, taking data
and programs with them, so don't sink a lot of money into used hard
drives. Try to get a computer for which you can get cheap, generic
parts. Many computer companies, in order to insure consumer loyalty,
make their motherboards or cases so that only their products will be
compatible. Avoid "great deals" on these. It's better to get a good,
stripped down model that is compatible with everything dirt cheap, and
then add your own accessories.
One problem with buying used computers cheaply is that new
computer prices have steadily dropped over the last decade. Many
owners try to get half of their old computer's purchase price in
trade, to pay for an upgraded model. A typical computer system in
1984 may have cost $4,000. The owner may want to sell it for $2,000,
but it can only perform at the level of a $1,600 new computer on
today's market. Know what you're buying and you can avoid overpaying
for a used computer.
Accessories
Several features can make your life with computers easier, but
there are tradeoffs with any of them. The most popular accessories
are discussed below, with some of the advantages and disadvantages
associated with each.
Monitors. High resolution color is addictive, but can add
megabucks to the cost of your system; text in low resolution color
mode can drive you crazy. A low-cost option is to forsake all graphic
games and live with a monochrome high-res monitor, and then trade up
later. Whatever you do, the monitor is your interface with all of the
programs and will greatly affect how you work.
Hard Disk Storage. Hard disk storage is highly reccommended,
with 20 megabytes of storage being a minimum. Hard disks keep data
handy, reduce or eliminate shuffling floppy disks, and speed up access
to programs and data by an order of magnitude. It's easy to load one
with everything you have and run out of disk space, so you'll have to
learn to manage your file structures and weed on a regular basis. If
you're dedicating your machine to word processing, plan on getting a
large hard disk. Back up your hard disk often or expect to cry a lot
-- hard disks will all crash eventually. It may take months or
decades, but those high-speed moving parts will eventually meet in an
unfriendly way.
Mouse. Quicker than a joystick, better than a keyboard. A mouse
is optional on everything but an Apple Macintosh, which requires it.
A mouse is the best cheap tool for graphics.
Modem. A modem can be an introduction to computer bulletin
boards and high phone bills. Modems allow you to access the
University computer from a remote site, if you have a UKCC userid.
Printers. A column could be devoted to this. Basically, there
are a lot of good cheap printers, and a lot of poor expensive ones.
Some dealers will try to recoup the discount they gave you by selling
you the house Dotbuster Deluxe. Try before you buy. The best use of
computers in college is for word processing those notes, term papers
and reports. This virtually requires a good printer. You can find one
for under $200, which gives serviceable, "near-letter" quality, and
for under $400, you can get a letter-quality printer. For top
quality, borrow the services of a laser printer, available through the
University or an independent print shop.
An alternative to computer stores, mail-order houses, and catalog
sales is UK's PC Sales Service. UK students, staff, and faculty can
receive discounts on Apple, IBM, Zenith, and Wang personal computers
and peripherals. Their office is in 102 Student Center, with Copy
Cat. They have information about the products they sell, and
regularly advertise in the Kentucky Kernel.
And don't forget the Micro Lab in 107 McVey Hall as a good place
to try out new hardware and software.
-- Tom Faller
*************************************************************************
CARE AND HANDLING OF NEW SOFTWARE
You gladly paid for your new software, and you're anxious to get
started, but what happens after you tear open the box is of paramount
importance.
Before you plow ahead, read the small print and take some
precautions to protect your investment. In this article, we'll
explain some of the things you should expect when getting a new piece
of software.
The Manual
Probably the largest item in your package is the computer manual.
If you toss the manual aside, you may be doing your software a
disservice. The manual is sure to contain some valuable advice on how
to install the software properly and how to get started. Don't feel
obligated to read the manual from front to back before you even touch
the software, but at least try to familiarize yourself with the
contents. Check out any sections that discuss installing your new
software, backing it up, and using an online tutorial.
The true test of a manual is its index. As you're trying to
master a new program, you'll probably spend a lot of time flipping
through the manual trying to figure out how to do this or that. All
too often, new users experience the "I know I saw it in here
somewhere" phenomena, and you'll end up in the index trying to track
down a particular detail. If an index is good, you'll be able to find
the information you need right away.
It's your manual, so feel free to mark up your index and write
comments in the margins.
Diskettes
When you get right down to it, the most valuable items in your
new software package are the diskettes. Never work directly with the
original diskettes. These are your masters and should be kept in a
safe place. You don't want to risk erasing them or altering the
programs accidentally.
Your first step after examining the contents of the package you
bought is to copy, or back up, the diskettes. The manual will explain
the procedure. Usually, it's as simple as using a diskcopy command on
an MS-DOS machine or dragging one disk icon to another on a Macintosh.
It's your legal right to make a backup copy of software you've
purchased for yourself.
Copyrights
Diskettes will normally be sealed in an envelope with a written
copyright agreement on the flap. The small print states that as you
open the envelope to remove the software, you're entering a legal
contract not to distribute the software illegally. This agreement
will generally discuss things such as your right to make a backup copy
and who is liable if something goes wrong. Most software companies
exempt themselves from responsibility if you lose thousands of dollars
due to, say, an error in their spreadsheet program. Some of the more
progressive companies warrant that their packages operate "as
advertised," with a promise to upgrade at a minimal cost if problems
turn up in the program.
The important thing about all this legal mumbo-jumbo on the seal
of the software package is that, like in a china shop, once you've
broken it, it's yours. The software company usually isn't obligated
to take it back. If you don't agree with any of the terms, or you
peruse the manual only to find that the software won't do what you
want it to, return the package before cracking open that diskette
envelope.
Reading software reviews and manuals and getting good advice from
a friend or dealer should help you avoid this kind of situation.
Also, take advantage of the large collection of commercial software in
the UKCC's Micro Lab, 107 McVey Hall. Try out a package there before
you buy.
Installation
Sometimes installation of your new software will be as easy as
copying it into a directory or folder on your hard disk. Other times
you actually have to run a special Install program where you specify
the type of monitor and printer you have. The manual will describe
this process.
The idea behind using an installation program is to customize the
software to your particular hardware configuration. The software
installation may also be affected by the amount of RAM in your
machine, whether or not you're using a hard disk, where on the hard
disk you want a program to reside, what serial ports may be in use on
your machine, and so on. An installation program will make for an
orderly process when trying to get a new piece of software to run on
your computer.
Tutorials
If you're completely new to the software package, try poking
through the diskettes and manuals to see if there is a tutorial. Most
software comes with a tutorial, and going through it will help
introduce you to the program. Some tutorials consist of nothing more
than a document created by the program, which you can create, alter,
and edit while you follow along with a printed text. Other tutorials
may be self-running demos of the program, or better yet, interactive
versions that let you use the program while receiving online help and
cues.
Recently, software companies have also been including free
videotapes of new programs in action. While some are merely long
advertisements for the product, others are more interactive and
useful.
Whatever type of tutorial is included, try it out. You'll pick
up valuable pointers that might otherwise take you weeks or months to
discover. Once you've become an experienced user of the new software,
go through the tutorial again to review special features you may have
glossed over in your first viewing.
Readme
Often, software manufacturers will include a "Readme" document on
a diskette. This file usually contains pertinent information about
the package discovered too late to be included in the manual. Manual
errata and clarifications are also included. It's a good idea to
print this file and keep it with your manual. Once you have a copy of
the information, you can discard the Readme file from your backup
copy.
Registration Cards
If there's a registration card with your software, fill it out
and send it in right away! By doing so you'll let the software
company know who and where you are, and they'll be able to keep you
posted about upgrades. Some companies only keep track of purchasers
through these returned cards. Also, if you ever need to call the
software company for help, they may insist that you be a registered
user, identifiable by a serial number on the disks and on the
registration card.
Tech Support
Look in the manual for a technical support phone number and keep
it handy. Bigger companies may have a toll-free number, but even if
you have to pay for a call, it may be worth it.
If you call the technical support line of the software company
for help, be prepared with the serial number of your software, the
version of the program that you're using, the exact type and
configuration of your computer, and a concise description of the
problem. Trying to describe a problem over the phone is difficult,
but it's harder still trying to understand a description of a problem
about a computer hundreds of miles away. By being fully prepared,
you'll make the best use of the tech support person's time and of your
money.
Remember, a few minutes spent at the start may save you a lot of
time and money later.
And don't forget to make those backups!
-- Ross Yahnke
Editor's Note: This article was adapted from the June 1989 issue of
Micro Monitor, the newsletter of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
*************************************************************************
MICRO LAB HOURS
The Micro Lab in 107 McVey Hall is open to all UK faculty, staff,
and students. The Lab contains IBM PCs, Apple Macintoshes, and
printers. Microcomputers can be reserved for one-hour sessions by
calling 257-2207.
From August 7 through September 8, the Micro Lab will be open
Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Beginning September 11, the Micro Lab hours will be:
Monday through Thursday 9:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.
Friday 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Sunday 1:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.
*************************************************************************
MUSIC IN THE MICRO LAB
In the late 1960s and early 70s a new type of musical instrument
was developed. It not only had a distinctive sound, it also gradually
became capable of mimicking the sound of other musical instruments.
Called the music synthesizer, it came in a variety of sizes, shapes,
and configurations with various capabilities. One type, the digital
music synthesizer, became dominant as its capabilities paralleled the
rise of the personal computer.
By the early 80s several digital synthesizers were capable of
incorporating computer programs to define the sound the synthesizer
would produce and to handle routine chores such as tuning and
calibrating. At the same time, dozens of auxiliary digital
accessories such as drum machines, audio processors, sequencing
machines, and interfaces appeared, each designed to work with one
brand of synthesizer. Digital synthesizers could be interfaced with
computers, but only on a custom basis. A standard interface which
would allow data to be interchanged between machines and computers was
needed to allow any digital music machine to be interfaced with any
other music machine, and to allow any computer to control the
intricate processes which result in musical output.
That interface is MIDI. The acronym stands for Musical
Instrument Device Interface. MIDI has been standardized for several
years and new applications keep appearing for it, but the basic uses
still allow digital instruments to interface with each other and with
a computer, and to allow a computer to control the programming and
playing of a synthesizer or other digital instrument.
MIDI Available in the Micro Lab
The Micro Lab in 107 McVey Hall has a computer equipped with a
MIDI interface and a complete synthesizer. Programs on the computer
allow you to score music on a computer and interface with a keyboard.
The interface and synthesizer are on an IBM Music Feature card,
installed in a PS/2 Model 30 that we call "Betty." The Music Feature
card has a chip with a complete Yamaha FM synthesizer, the same chip
that controls a Yamaha DX-7. The Music Feature card can be used as a
stand-alone synthesizer, with the computer-generated score as input.
It can also be used to control a MIDI-equipped instrument, such as a
keyboard or drum machine.
The Music Feature card can record and play tracks in full stereo.
A stereo headphone jack is provided on the card so you can hear the
music. Stereo output jacks on the card, used with a standard stereo
connection cable, can drive an amplifier and stereo speaker setup.
The card also plugs into a MIDI interface, available in the Lab, which
allows MIDI input, output, or throughput. This allows the card to
control several digital instruments at one time, or to write notes
played on a keyboard onto staffs on the screen.
COMPOSE and PLAYREC
There are two main programs on the Model 30 which work with the
Music Feature card. One program, COMPOSE, allows you to enter notes
on a staff, using the mouse or keyboard. The other program, PLAYREC,
records music from a direct input, performs the music, changes voices,
positions voices in a stereo background, and adjusts tempo.
COMPOSE is the equivalent of a word processor for musical scores.
Either mouse- or keyboard-driven, it allows the freedom from tedious
recopying. COMPOSE displays two staffs (bass and treble) when started
and allows eight simultaneous voices, out of 336 possible synthesized
instruments on the Yamaha chip. It handles 64th notes, has a fairly
complete repertoire of musical notation, and up to 13,000 "musical
steps;" a code phrase for a lot of music. COMPOSE's best feature is
its ability to move sections of music around, copying, repeating in
different keys, transposing and copying to different staffs. The
output of COMPOSE (it's not music until you hear it, right?) can be
saved as a file, played through the Yamaha chip and headphones as you
go, or sent to an outboard keyboard through the MIDI interface.
PLAYREC, the other main program to use the Music Feature card, is
a sequencer. It allows recording of music played on a keyboard or
another digital instrument. It works like a "tapeless" tape recorder,
that is, you can build up a musical piece by recording the individual
instruments, track by track. The musical data is stored on a floppy
disk and is put back together by the program. PLAYREC can use the
internal Yamaha synthesizer chip for all voices, or can use an
external music source. It can record tracks simultaneously, or can
build up a composition one track at a time.
To use these programs, just sign up for time on Betty in the
Micro Lab. To get audio output, bring a pair of headphones with a
mini jack, the type found on Walkman-style lightweight headphones, and
plug them into the card face on the back of the computer. Make sure
the computer is on, and the C>: prompt is showing, then type:
CD/MIDI
and
PLR
to enter PLAYREC, or
CMP
to enter COMPOSE.
If you wish to use the MIDI interface to connect your keyboard to
the MIDI card, bring two MIDI patch cords, at least 3' long, and some
form of power source for your keyboard. You'll also need a 3.5"
floppy disk formatted to 720K to save your programmed score.
The UK Music Department is the best source for information about
musical theory and composition. Just as mastering a word processor
does not make you a writer, mastering a sequencer will not get you on
MTV. The Music Department has several computer controlled MIDI
systems and is a good source of information about the technical side
of MIDI.
For specific questions about the Music Feature card or the
COMPOSE or PLAYREC programs, contact Tom Faller, 257-2236, 314 McVey
Hall, TOMFAL@UKCC.UKY.EDU.
-- Tom Faller
*************************************************************************
GOOD NEWS FOR MICRO LAB USERS
We're increasing the number of microcomputers in the Micro Lab,
107 McVey Hall, and they should be in place by the Fall Semester.
The additional computers will double our present capacity and
will include IBM PS/2 Model 30s and Macintoshes. Most of the present
equipment will still be available for use.
*************************************************************************
SPECIAL PC SALE
Now's the time to get a great deal on a personal computer. The
PC Sales Service has special discounts for the beginning of the
semester for all UK students, staff, and faculty. These discounts are
approximately 40% off the retail prices, and include products from
Apple, IBM, Wang, and Zenith.
For more information, contact PC Sales at 102 Student Center
(with Copy Cat), 257-6320. They're open Monday through Friday, 8:00
a.m. until 4:30 p.m.
*************************************************************************
GETTING YOUR OUTPUT AT THE DATA CENTER
In response to requests from users, we're changing the method of
filing centrally printed output. The new system will be in effect
September 1, 1989.
Each of your userids will be assigned a box code, and all output
for that userid will be filed together in the same box according to
its assigned box code. You'll be able to get your output by simply
telling us your box code.
You can find out what your box code is by entering
FINDPRT
on CMS. You can also request your output by your userid until you've
memorized your box code.
We recommend that you continue to make a list of your job
numbers, so you'll know you've gotten all of your output.
For help or more information, contact an Operator at the Data
Center.
-- Ben Rice
*************************************************************************
INTRODUCING EXPLORING CMS
What's so mysterious about using CMS? You probably feel you
could write a book answering that question. Beginning with this issue
we'll try to take some of the mystery out of using CMS.
By the way, if you've always wished you had time to learn how to
use CMS, now's your chance. Just open an userid with User Account
Services (257-2217, 130 McVey Hall), and then sign up for the UKCC
Introduction to CMS short course listed elsewhere in this issue. The
course is free to all UK students, faculty, and staff.
This continuing column will assume some knowledge of CMS, about
the amount you'll learn in an average UKCC VM/CMS short course.
Different CMS-related topics will be addressed in each issue,
including MAIL, XEDIT, REXX, and VM BATCH.
Novice users will certainly want to follow this column, and with
a little practice these former novices will become "power users." And
even experienced users will find some topics they didn't know about.
To get the most out of this column, take a copy to your favorite
terminal location. Try out the commands and do the exercises. Don't
be discouraged if you don't understand all the concepts. Just contact
the Consulting Room in 110 McVey Hall, SUGGEST@UKCC.UKY.EDU, 257-2249
for clarification; we're here to help you.
If you have suggestions for future topics, let us know. Send
e-mail to SUGGEST@UKCC.UKY.EDU or call 257-2249. If you have a
command or an EXEC that you've written and find useful, offer it as a
contribution for the PUBLIC disk. The PUBLIC disk contains a
collection of staff- and user-written commands that you may find
useful.
*************************************************************************
EXPLORING CMS: COPYFILE
Online Help Files
It's always a good idea to review the online help files for the
various commands. The help files are the final authority on how a
command is used, and they usually offer lots of extra information
you'd miss otherwise.
To review online help for this month's command, enter
HELP COPYFILE
The menu at the bottom of the screen defines the PF keys. Just follow
the directions.
COPYFILE
You're probably familiar with the COPYFILE command for backing up
your CMS disk files, but did you know you can use it to modify,
combine, and merge several files into one?
We will explore the use of the SPECS (specifications) and OVLY
(overlay) options that combine two files into one so that the contents
of one file is alongside the contents of the other.
There are many options available for COPYFILE. While we
won't explain all the options here, it's wise to review the
online help file for a complete description of each of the options.
Let's take a simple example using the SPECS option. Suppose you
have two files that you need to combine. You could combine them so
that one follows the other using the APPEND option of COPYFILE, but
suppose you'd really like for the data in one to be alongside the data
in the other. Then the two files must contain the same number of
records.
Let's say the two files are NAME DATA and ADDRESS DATA, and both
files are on your A disk. The files contain the same number of
records and you've carefully kept them in the same order, but the
lengths of the records differ. You can see from FLIST that the record
length of the names file is 25 and the address file is 47.
The first thing you do is back up the file using COPYFILE. The
OVLY option will write over the original file, and if you don't get it
right the first time, your data will be lost. Here's how to back up
your file.
COPYfile NAMES DATA A OLDNAMES DATA A
Then specify the copy you want to do.
COPYfile ADDRESS DATA A NAMES DATA A (SPecs OVly
COPYFILE will prompt you for a specification list. This is where
you specify how you want the copy performed.
1-47 27
This tells COPYFILE to copy columns 1 through 47 of ADDRESS DATA into
NAMES DATA starting with column 27 (to leave at least one space). The
OVLY option tells COPYFILE to keep all the other data in the original
NAMES DATA file.
By adding the FROM and FOR options and using COPYFILE several
times, you can further combine your data files. Blocks of text or
data can be moved around by splitting and recombining the records.
Experiment with small files to master the techniques, and you'll
soon be using COPYFILE with confidence.
If you need more help, contact a Consultant in 110 McVey Hall,
SUGGEST@UKCC.UKY.EDU, 257-2249.
-- Bob Crovo
*************************************************************************
HOLIDAY SCHEDULE
Monday, September 4 is an official UK holiday. The UKCC offices,
Consulting Room, and Micro Lab will be closed. The Data Center and
Users' Rooms in 103 and 111 McVey Hall will be open from Noon until
12:30 a.m.
The IBM and PRIME systems will be in operation, as usual.
*************************************************************************
REEL-TYPE TAPES TO BE PHASED OUT
The UKCC has two types of tape drives, the IBM 3840 tape
cartridge drives and the older 2400-foot tape reel drives. We are
planning to convert as many tapes as possible to cartridge in order to
phase out most of the older reel drives and to save valuable floor
space.
Effective September 1, 1989, reel-type tapes will not be accepted
for permanant storage. A 400,000 volume serial pool has been
established for replacement and will use the same guidelines as the
20,000 series.
If you'd like to go ahead and convert your tapes to cartridge,
just bring us a cartridge for placement into the 400,000 series.
After copying the contents of the 20,000 to the 400,000, you can pick
up your 20,000 series tape.
You can purchase the 3480 type cartridge from the Department of
Stores for approximately $5.00 per cartridge.
We are planning to remove three reel tape drives by September 1,
1989 and, as usage declines, remove more at a later date.
If you need help with this conversion, contact Joe Williams at
UKA048@UKCC.UKY.EDU, 257,5632, 122 McVey Hall.
-- Joe Williams
*************************************************************************
IMSL 9.2 TO BE REMOVED
IMSL 9.2 will be unavailable after August 6, 1989. If you
haven't converted to version 10.0, be sure you do by August 6. Until
August 6, IMSL 9.2 will be available on both CMS and MVS.
IMSL 10.0 is a major revision to IMSL 9.2. There are new
routines and algorithmic improvements to current routines in numerical
mathematics and statistical analysis. IMSL 10.0 contains double
precision routines, and it allows you to vectorize using Basic Linear
Algebra Subroutines (BLAS).
There are major incompatibilities between IMSL 9.2 routines and
IMSL 10.0 routines. The names of most IMSL 9.2 routines have been
changed. In some routines, the definitions of the parameters have
changed and the sequences are different.
IMSL has provided a conversion guide, IMSL Libraries Edition
10.0 Update Guide, which crossreferences version 9.2 routines with
version 10.0. A reference copy of the guide is in the Consulting
Room, 110 McVey Hall.
If you have any questions about the IMSL libraries or run into
problems while converting your programs, send mail to
SUGGEST@UKCC.UKY.EDU or contact a Consultant at 257-2249, 110 McVey
Hall.
*************************************************************************
LANs
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a departmental network that
connects PCs to each other and to file servers (shared hard disk),
printers, and other resources. A LAN allows users to share printers,
modems, and access to mainframes.
The first personal computers were single-user machines. A user
could store, retrieve and manipulate information, and produce reports,
but the processing and the results were isolated to that one machine.
PC use proliferated with the availability of software to perform
a wide range of functions. Before long, PC users wanted the
capability to exchange information between PCs and to access other
devices. This need was answered by the development of PC LANs.
topology + protocol = LAN
One way to look at a PC LAN is to separate the topology from the
protocol it uses. The topology is the type of wiring scheme used to
build a LAN, including the network adapters (circuit boards) inside
each PC, the wiring that attaches these adapters, and any physical
devices required to make the connections. The three main types are
bus, ring, and star. The protocol is a set of communication rules
used on the network. Some PCs require special software, sometimes
called a network operating system, to participate in a network.
LANs can be joined into a network that connects departmental
networks with bridges or routers. These larger networks are called
wide-area networks (WANs). UKnet, which connects numerous departments
throughout the campus, is a WAN.
Ethernet
Very briefly stated, an Ethernet LAN consists of a single trunk
cable with devices tapped directly to the cable via a transceiver. As
the physical limitations of each segment are reached, a barrel
connector or repeater is required to extend the network.
AppleTalk
AppleTalk is a protocol developed for Macintosh computers,
although it can also be used by IBM, Apple II, and other computers.
The protocol can be used over several kinds of cabling including
inexpensive shielded cable or twisted-pair telephone wiring (called
LocalTalk) or Ethernet (called EtherTalk). An AppleTalk LocalTalk
network is very inexpensive (although relatively slow) since all
Macintoshes come equipped for it and only cables and connectors must
be purchased. LocalTalk networks can be bridged to Ethernets. IBM
PCs and Apple IIs can participate in AppleTalk networks with the
addition of an adaptor card and software. AppleTalk networks can be
bridged to Ethernets or other networks.
Token-Ring
Token-Ring topology uses a Multi-station Access Unit (MAU) which
acts as a junction box to connect a maximum of eight devices per MAU
on a Token-Ring LAN. However, multiple MAUs can be connected to
create a Ring of more than eight devices. The maximum number of
devices on a Token-Ring LAN is limited only by the cabling
architecture and the type and length of cabling, rather than strictly
by the eight ports on a MAU.
The Token-Ring network gets its name from the Token-passing
concept and a Ring topology. Token-passing means that a signal,
called a Token, is sent around the Ring from one device to the next
looking for a network task to perform and performing that task. A
network task could be sending a message to another PC, transmitting a
file to a file server, or sending a document to be printed on a
network printer.
The NOS consists of the software that lets users applications use
the shared disk and printer resources on the LAN as if they were
attached directly to an individual PC. Other pieces of software
(including the adapter's device drivers and DOS) are required to
enable a PC to operate on a LAN.
Novell's NetWare, IBM PC LAN, and StarLAN are three NOSs in use
on campus. Each provides commands and menu options to enable users to
perform network tasks and manage network resources. The software
permits sharing (by server devices) or using (by other devices)
network resources.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The major advantage to a LAN is that users can access network
printers, disk space, data and programs as if these resources were
attached to their PCs.
A LAN can be implemented and managed to provide extensive
resources for each PC user, to provide cost effective distribution of
expensive hardware resources, and to share information throughout an
office, while still allowing each PC user to retain control over his
PC.
There are some LAN disadvantages: the NOS can require so much
RAM (Random Access Memory), whether the LAN's resources are being used
or not, that there may not be enough memory left to load and run
program.
There are also the added complexities of coordinating the
interrupt levels and settings for LAN adapters and programs with any
other adapters and programs needed for non-LAN use. Resolving any
conflicts depend on specific hardware and software configurations.
Do You Need a LAN?
There are several planning considerations when installing or
expanding a LAN. The first is whether there is a specific need for
the capabilities a LAN provides.
Second, are existing and planned applications compatible with a
LAN?
Third, is the current hardware capable of supporting a LAN or
will upgrades or replacements of components be needed?
LANs are Useful
In a relatively short time, PCs moved from slow, single-user
machines with limited software availability to the fast, multi-tasking
workstations in today's network environment.
The number of LANs should continue to increase for some time.
Software and hardware vendors are creating new products to make LANs
more useful and easier to use, and less expensive to establish and
maintain.
If you'd like additional information about or help with PC LANs,
contact Daryoush Marefat at 257-7682 or Charles Bynker at 257-2229.
-- Information Centers Branch
Editor's Note: This article was adapted from the April/May 1989 issue
of The Computer Link, Kentucky Department of Information Systems.
*************************************************************************
CONVERTING FROM THE HP 2689 TO THE IBM 3800
Effective August 1, 1989 the Hewlett Packard 2680 laser printer
was removed from service. You can determine if your print was being
done on the HP by examining your separator page.
PRT1 indicates the HP laser printer.
PRT3 indicates the IBM 3800 laser printer.
Conversion Made Easy
Output previously printed on the HP 2689 laser printer can be
directed to the IBM 3800 printer without traumatic changes to your CMS
commands or MVS JCL statements. All the same page layouts, one-,
two-, and four-up printing in both portrait and landscape
orientations, that you knew and loved on the HP printer are available
on the IBM 3800.
Removing the HP forms code and letting the forms default to
standard forms (STD) will cause your output to be directed to the IBM
3800.
Unlike the HP printer, which uses forms codes to control output
appearance, the IBM 3800 printer controls the appearance of its output
by using PAGEDEFs and FORMDEFs. PAGEDEFs control the formatting of
text on the page and FORMDEFs are used to provide an electronic forms
overlay capability. The boxes drawn around logical pages on two- and
four-up output is an example of a FORMDEF. The use of FORMDEFs is
restricted to MVS jobs at this time. This means that output which is
printed two and four up from CMS will not have boxes drawn around it.
Most of the HP forms codes have a corresponding PAGEDEF on the
IBM 3800. PAGEDEF names have been selected which are more descriptive
and more easily remembered than the HP forms codes.
HP
FORM IBM 3800
NAME PAGEDEF
EL61 DOC
EL62 DOC2UP
EL64 DOC4UP
ET11 DOC
ET12 DOC2UP
ET14 DOC4UP
NT DOC
PGB1 STD [1]
PI61 DOC10
PI62 DOC2UP
PI64 DOC4UP
PT11 DOC10
PT12 DOC2UP
PT14 DOC4UP
P601 STD [2]
P602 STD2UP [3]
P604 STD4UP [4]
P661 STD
P662 STD2UP
P664 STD4UP
P801 STD88 [5]
P881 STD88
ST DOC
STD. STD
Notes
[1] PGB1 simulates landscape graybar paper. This requires a
FORMDEF on the IBM 3800 and is only available from MVS jobs.
[2] P601 is the same as P661 except that it only prints 60 lines
per page. Substitute STD on the 3800 which is 66 lines per page.
[3] P602 is a two-up version of P601. Substitute STD2UP.
[4] P604 is a four-up version of P601. Substitute STD4UP.
[5] P801 is the same as P661 except that it prints 80 lines per
page. Substitute STD88 on the 3800 which is 88 lines per page.
Detailed information on how to use PAGEDEFs from CMS and how to
use PAGEDEFs and FORMDEFs from MVS is available by entering HELP 3800
and selecting the topics:
Specifying page layout with PAGEDEFs Specifying electronic form
overlays with
FORMDEFs
Additional work has been done to match the characters available
on the IBM 3800 more closely to those on the HP 2689. This will allow
documents to print on the IBM 3800 with no changes.
Getting Help
For online help, enter
HELP 3800
If you need more help with converting to the 3800, contact Bob
Crovo, 257-2258, 109 McVey Hall, CROVO@UKCC.UKY.EDU; or Joe Williams,
UKA048@UKCC.UKY.EDU, 257-5632, 122 McVey Hall.
-- Allan Hetzel
*************************************************************************
3090 RESEARCH PROJECTS
SUPPORTED BY THE CENTER FOR COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES
Following are the active research projects currently being
supported by the CCS.
If you'd like more information about these projects or about the
CCS, contact Sandy Leachman at 257-8737, SANDY@UKCC.UKY.EDU.
If you'd like to set up your own SuperUser account, contact User
Account Services in 130 McVey Hall, 257-2212 or 257-2217.
The Application of Computational Fluid Mechanics to the Understanding
of Blood Filtration
Prof. James E. Funk and Mr. Baoding Chen
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The Determination of Long Term Trends in Terrestrial Stratospheric
Ozone
Prof. Frank Clark and Mr. Ji-Chang Hou
Department of Physics
The Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Space Frames
Prof. Hans Gesund and
Mr. Chunwei Huang Department of Civil Engineering
The Calculation of Atomic Spectra in Strong Electric Fields
Prof. David Harmin and Mr. Phillip Price
Department of Physics and Astronomy
The Analysis of Archaeological Data from the Monte Verde Project
Prof. Thomas Dillehay and Mr. Jonathan M. Rossen
Department of Anthropology
Solution of the Inverse Radiation Problem Using Monte-Carlo Techniques
Prof. M. Pinar Menguc and Mr. Shanker Subramanian
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The Development of Efficient Supercomputer Codes for the Solution of
Systems of Differential Equations
Prof. Graeme Fairweather and Ms. Karin Bennett
Department of Mathematics
Computer-Aided Design of Steel Space Structures
Prof. George Blandford and Ms. Hong Chen
Department of Civil Engineering
Numerical Methods for the Solution of Partial Differential Equations
Prof. Graeme Fairweather and Mr. Ryan Fernandes
Department of Mathematics
Nonlinear Thermoelastic Analysis of Laminated Plates and Shells
Prof. T.R. Tauchert and Mr. Nan-Nong Huang
Department of Engineering Mechanics
The Simulation of Fracture in Materials Using the Boundary Element
Method
Prof. David Shippy and Mr. Zhen-Hong Jia
Department of Engineering Mechanics
Method of Fundamental Solutions
Prof. David Shippy, Prof. F.J. Rizzo,
and Mr. Prasanna Kondapalli
Department of Engineering Mechanics
Numerical Modeling of Atmospheric Turbulence and Reactive Flow in a
Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor
Prof. Tate Tsang and Mr. Prasad Pai
Department of Chemical Engineering
Numerical Methods for the Solution of Partial Differential Equations
Prof. Graeme Fairweather and Mr. Mark Robinson
Department of Mathematics
New Algorithms in Computational Chemistry
Prof. Thomas Hayden and Mr. William Glunt
Department of Mathematics
Crustal Velocity Structure in Ohio, Eastern Kentucky, and Eastern
Tennessee
Prof. Ronald Street and Mr. Alex Zekulin
Department of Geology
Computation for Relativistic Optical Potentials in Nucleon-Nucleus
Scattering
Prof. Alan MacKellar and Dr. Young Jae Lee
Department of Physics
Neural Network Modeling of the Cognitive Eliciting Conditions of
Emotions
Prof. Robert F. Lorch and Dr. Terence Turner
Department of Psychology
Lattice Gauge Simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics
Prof. Keh-Fei Liu and Dr. Ji-Min Wu
Department of Physics
Boundary Element Analysis of Thin-Body Problems in Acoustics
Prof. Andrew Seybert and Dr. Ting-Wen Wu
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The Nature of the Statistics of the Astronomical Maser Radiation
Prof. Moshe Elitzur and Dr. Ying Cheng Wu
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Numerical Methods for Turbulence and Multiphase Flow
Prof. M.C. Roco and Dr. Jian Zhang
Department of Mechanical Engineering and
Prof. Kurt Helmes
Department of Mathematics
Numerical Probabilistic Model for Friction Dominated Particulate Flow
Prof. M.C. Roco and Dr. Danning Ma
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Monte Carlo Simulations of Finite-Temperature Lattice Quantum
Chromodynamics
Prof. Keh-Fei Liu and Dr. Sudhir Nadkarni
Department of Physics
Scheduling Manufacturing Processes using Parallel and Vector Computers
Prof. John J. Bernardo
Department of Decision Sciences and Information Systems
Theoretical Models of High Temperature Superconductivity
Prof. Kumble Subbaswamy
Department of Physics
Modeling of Reactive Flow in a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor
Prof. Tate Tsang
Department of Chemical Engineering
Application of Numerical Analysis to Problems in Engineering
Prof. Graeme Fairweather
Department of Mathematics
The Simple Layer Potential Method of Fundamental Solutions for Certain
Biharmonic Functions Prof. Andreas Karageorghis
Department of Mathematics, University College of Wales, in
collaboration with Prof. Graeme Fairweather
Department of Mathematics
Electronic Structure of Superconducting Materials
Prof. Charles B. Sommers,
Physique des Solides, Universite de Paris, Orsay, France in
collaboration with Prof. John Connolly
Center for Computational Sciences
Lattice Gauge Monte Carlo Simulations
Professors Richard Woloshyn and Terrence Draper,
Tri-University Meson Facility, Vancouver, BC, Canada
and Professor Walter Wilcox Baylor University in collaboration with
Prof. Keh-Fei Liu
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Fast Quadrature Routines for ESSL
Prof. Ian Gladwell,
Department of Mathematics,
Southern Methodist University in collaboration with
Prof. Graeme Fairweather
Department of Mathematics
*************************************************************************
SUGGESTIONS
1. Since switching to XA, when I use the GONE exec and come back I
get an error message.
>>>If you're still having trouble with GONE, please contact Bob Crovo at
at 257-2258, CROVO@UKCC.UKY.EDU, 109 McVey Hall, or another Consultant
in 110 McVey Hall, 257-2249. We advise caution in using some of the
options of GONE because they could loop and/or provide an entry for
viruses or worms.
2. Why was the 3090 changed to the XA operating system when half the
commands don't work? Wasn't XA thoroughly tested before forcing us to
switch to it?
VM/XA allows better use of input/output subsystems and larger address
spaces. Most development in the IBM VM environment will be VM/XA,
including support for new devices. It also allows the eventual
merging of the directory for Single-System Image (SSI) entry.
XA has been running on the IBM 3090 since October 1988. The
current version of XA was tested for three months with less problems
than a normal new release. 95% of the commands work, and
accounting-related commands will be working when new resource
accounting is available.
3. The Micro Lab is open again in the evenings! This is great since
I'm not able to make it into the Lab until after 5:30. Thanks for the
19.2k baud support to the network, too. It makes downloading a snap.
>>>Thanks! And don't forget that we're expanding the Micro Lab.
4. Any idea what the problem is between links UKCCB and UCCCVM1?
It's been down for a couple of days now.
>>>There was a phone line problem at the University of Cincinnati, but
it's been fixed now.
5. At home we have call waiting on our telephone line. Whenever we
have an incoming call and we're using the modem, the line is
disconnected. Our problem is probably not uncommon, and I'd like to
know how people cope with incoming calls that disrupt connection with
the mainframe. Can we buy a gizmo to protect our connection and
override the call waiting signal?
>>>For an extra charge you can get a cancel call waiting feature from
GTE. If you have the feature, you can cancel call waiting for the
duration of a call by dialing 70# before the number. Another way to
bypass call waiting is to forward your calls to another number. Be
sure to cancel call forwarding after your call.
6. Here is what I sent and the response:
LWPRINT STSAILP1 P-SCRIPT
A0 TO CCUSER DMSLWP675E No destination was
specified. Public
destinations are: DMSLWP675E CCUSER
What am I doing wrong?
>>>You left out a parenthesis. Try this:
LWPRINT STSAILP1 P-SCRIPT
A0 ( TO CCUSER
If you're printing from FLIST, enter it this way
LWPRINT / ( CCUSER
7. Here's a lovely bug which caused me to lose a file which I was
editing on my B disk ( a temporary disk). In XEDIT, I used the point
command to name a line .AA. According to the HELP FILE I could turn
this point off with either of the following: SET .AA OFF or .AA OFF.
Unfortunately, the second command logged me off and, naturally,
released my temporary disk. Any command or combination of key strokes
which can end a CMS Session from within XEDIT should be fixed or
disabled.
The correct syntax is SET POINT .xxx OFF (the word SET is optional).
When you entered .AA OFF XEDIT went to the line marked .AA and issued
the OFF command, which is a synonym for LOGOFF. You raise a good
point, though. There are several commands that can disrupt an XEDIT
session, drop a t-disk, or log off your userid.
8. I have some files that have recfm of V and lrecl something
besides 80. When I try to submit these as SAS programs in a batch
file it returns errors that say that the files have to be of recfm F
and lrecl 80. I have tried to no avail with the help file for
filedef. Is there some way that I can redefine these files?
>>>Yes, XEDIT the files (both SAS and data) and issue this command
while inside XEDIT
RECFM F
Then issue
FILE
*************************************************************************
UKCC CLASSIFIEDS
Classified ads are free to UK students, faculty, and staff. Ads run
for one issue and must be resubmitted for publication in subsequent
issues. If you'd like to place a computing-related ad (such as buying
or selling used computer equipment), send it via e-mail to EDITOR@UKCC
or mail it to Editor, UK Computing Center, 72 McVey Hall, Lexington,
KY 40506-0045. The deadline for ads is the first week of the month
for the following month's issue. We do not accept advertising from
commercial vendors and all ads are subject to revision by the Editor.
FOR SALE: Suntek I/O extension with serial, parallel, game, date, and
time ports. One BTC professional keyboard. Best offer. Contact
Kiran Chaudhary at 258-6174.
*************************************************************************
UKCC SERVICE DIRECTORY
McVey
Service E-Mail Address Phone Hall
Vice President, Information Services
Eugene R. Williams DPS128@UKCC 257-3609
Director, University Computing Services
Dr. Douglas Hurley HURLEY@UKCC 257-2900 128
Director, Communications & Distributed Systems
Doyle Friskney DOYLE@UKCC 257-6225
Director, Computational Sciences
Dr. John Connolly CONNOLLY@UKCC 257-8737 324
Academic Consulting Services
Lavine Thrailkill UKC105@UKCC 257-2257 121
CMS Consulting
Bob Crovo CROVO@UKCC 257-2258 109
Complaints
Carol Lotz LOTZ@UKCC 257-2213 129
Consultant for Remote Sites
Wanda Dixon Spisak WANDA@UKCC 257-2206 115
Consulting
Consultant on Duty SUGGEST@UKCC 257-2249 110
Contingency Planning & Security
Jack L. Coffman UKA051@UKCC 257-2273 218
Database - IDMS
Rick Chlopan DBA003@UKCC 257-2211 230E
Data Center 257-2222 61
Data Entry
Frank McCormick OPFRANK@UKCC 257-2216 72
Disk Rental
Janet Hyatt HYATT@UKCC 257-2212 130
Larry Johnson JOHNSON@UKCC 257-2217 130
Facilities Operations
Joe Williams UKA048@UKCC 257-2231 122
Graphics Consultation
Bob Williamson ROBERTT@UKCC 257-2227 207
Information Center
Judy Kisil UKA041@UKCC 257-2241 222
Information Resources
Dr. Jon Hesseldenz UKA045@UKCC 257-3904 230D
Instructional Software
Wayne Beech WAYNE@UKCC 257-2238 100
Machine Room 257-2222 59
Management Information Systems
Forrest Hahn UKA006@UKCC 257-2260 123
Memos and Manuals
Consulting Room 257-2249 110
Micro Lab 257-2207 107
Network/Telecommunications
UKT101@UKCC 257-2229
New Accounts
Janet Hyatt HYATT@UKCC 257-2212 130
Larry Johnson JOHNSON@UKCC 257-2217 130
Numerical Analysis Consulting
Anne Leigh ANNE@UKCC 257-2205 109B
Optical Scanner - NCS
Chris Corman CHRIS@UKCC 257-2243 109
Bob Crovo CROVO@UKCC 257-2258 109
Passwords
Janet Hyatt HYATT@UKCC 257-2212 130
Larry Johnson JOHNSON@UKCC 257-2217 130
PRIME Information
Peggy Akridge PEGGY@UKCC 257-2237 100
Program Documentation/Libraries
Consulting Room 257-2249 110
Publications Office
Marguerite Floyd EDITOR@UKCC 257-2219 200
Refunds
Consulting Room 257-2249 110
SAS and SPSS Consulting
Steve Thomson STEVE@UKCC 257-2259 120
Lorinda Wang UKC333@UKCC 257-2204 109B
Statistical Consulting
Steve Thomson STEVE@UKCC 257-2259 120
Tapes to Borrow, Tape Storage
Data Center 257-2222 61
Tours of UKCC
Lavine Thrailkill UKC105@UKCC 257-2257 121
User Account Services
Janet Hyatt HYATT@UKCC 257-2212 130
Larry Johnson JOHNSON@UKCC 257-2217 130
Vectorization Consulting
Tom Faller TOMFAL@UKCC 257-2236 314
*************************************************************************
UNIVERSITY COMPUTING ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Douglas E. Hurley, Central Administration
H. Clay Owen, Central Administration
A.J. Hauselman, Community Colleges
James W. Phillips, Community Colleges
Raphael Finkel, Lexington Campus
Leonard K. Peters, Lexington Campus
N. Clare Detraz, Medical Center
David A. Nash, Medical Center
T. Earle Bowen, Ex Officio
Ben W. Carr, Ex Officio
Wimberly C. Royster, Ex Officio
Donald E. Sands, Ex Officio
Eugene R. Williams, Ex Officio
*************************************************************************