1. Which of the following is most clearly supported
by a majority of Americans?

[A] Equality of outcome

[B] Quotas

[C] Equality of opportunity

[D] Socialism

[E] equal results

2. A new education law passed the legislature requiring
that fifteen percent of all free and reduced lunches be set aside to benefit
only children of homeless people.This
law establishes a(n)

[A] goal.

[B] quota.

[C] affirmative target.

[D] due diligence standard.

[E] percentage pro-rata share.

3. Which of the following best describes the concept
of civil rights?

[A] Rights generally accorded all citizens

[B] Political rights of speech and assembly

[C] Rights extended to citizens from legislative action

[D] The guarantee of life, liberty, and property granted to
all citizens

[E] Powers and privileges guaranteed to individuals and
protected against arbitrary withdrawal by the government or individuals

4. The ______ Amendment provides that “Neither slavery nor
involuntary servitude . . . shall exist within the United States, or any place
subject to their jurisdiction.”

[A] Fourteenth

[B] Thirteenth

[C] Eleventh

[D] Fifteenth

[E] Third

5. The civil right’s guarantee of“equal protection of the laws” is located in

[A] the Civil Rights Act of 1875.

[B] the Preamble to the Constitution.

[C] the Declaration of Independence.

[D] the Fourteenth Amendment.

[E] the Sixth Amendment.

6. The amendment permitting black American men to vote is
the

[A] Eleventh Amendment.

[B] Twelfth Amendment.

[C] Fifteenth Amendment.

[D] Twenty-first Amendment.

[E] Twenty-third Amendment.

7. Black codes were

[A] laws enacted just prior to the Civil War, granting a
limited number of black Americans the right to vote.

[B] laws enacted after the Civil War, expanding the
freedoms of black Americans.

[C] laws enacted by former slave states to restrict the
freedom of black Americans.

[D] all of these.

[E] none of these.

8. Supreme Court decisions immediately following the Civil
War had what effect?

[A] Expanded the protections of freed slaves.

[B] Restricted the constitutional rights of black
Americans.

[C] Limited the power of southern states.

[D] Aided in healing social class differences among whites
and blacks.

[E] Guaranteed black Americans equal access to public
accommodations.

9. The effect of the poll tax was to

[A] keep black Americans from voting.

[B] tie voting to property ownership.

[C] raise money to pay for elections.

[D] support preelection opinion polls.

[E] raise contributions for black candidates running for
office.

10. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), which involved
segregated public accommodations, is noteworthy because it

[A] upheld the principles of the Fourteenth Amendment.

[B] applied the national supremacy clause to such cases.

[C] endorsed the separate but equal doctrine.

[D] stated that Congress had no power to pass legislation
requiring open public accommodations.

[E] removed the barrier for denying entrance to blacks to
public accommodations.

11. The NAACP’s plan for ending racial discrimination and
segregation was to

[A] use electoral pressure.

[B] use pressure from the northern states.

[C] use economic boycotts.

[D] engage in violence.

[E] launch both legal challenges and lobbying campaigns.

12. In several cases that focused on graduate and
professional education in the late 1930s and 1940s, the Supreme Court dealt
with the separate but equal doctrine by

[A] ruling that segregated facilities are acceptable only
if they are truly equal.

[B] ruling that blacks should be reimbursed for having to
attend inferior professional schools.

[C] holding that qualified blacks should be admitted to
white professional schools.

[D] arguing the inherent inequality of separate facilities.

[E] ruling that blacks were not entitled to separate but
equal graduate educations.

13. The Gaines, Sweatt, and McLaurin
cases all struck down the practice of segregation in education on the grounds
that

[A] the Fourteenth Amendment was specifically designed to
ensure educational opportunity.

[B] separate facilities were inherently unequal.

[C] the separate facilities provided for black Americans in
these instances were obviously unequal in quality.

[D] segregation was a reasonable exercise of police power.

[E] too much government funding was required to support
equal access.

14. Which President was responsible for desegregating the
armed forces?

[A] Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

[B] Harry Truman.

[C] Lyndon Johnson.

[D] Dwight Eisenhower.

[E] Teddy Roosevelt.

15. In the case of Brown v. BoardofEducation
(1954), the Supreme Court mandated an end to

[A] discriminatory voting laws.

[B] all forms of racial discrimination.

[C] racial segregation in public schools.

[D] busing to achieve integration.

[E] unequal funding of education programs.

16. In Brown v. BoardofEducationII, the Supreme Court ordered that public school systems must
desegregate

[A] “at the discretion of the local school district.”

[B] “without further ado.”

[C] “immediately.”

[D] “with all deliberate speed.”

[E] “or face closure.”

17. Implementation of the Brown decision

[A] required the states to make a wide range of alternative
education arrangements, including paying tuition at private schools for some
students.

[B] was largely a logistical problem because of segregated
housing.

[C] placed a heavy burden on federal judges to dismantle
what was a fundamental part of the social order.

[D] rendered all of the statements above true.

[E] caused many schools to face severe budget cuts in order
to comply.

18. An event that was widely viewed as the beginning of the
civil rights movement was the

[A] 1963 march on Washington.

[B] enrollment of James Meredith at the University of
Mississippi.

[C] arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to give up her bus
seat to a white passenger.

[D] freedom rides to integrate bus stations throughout the
South.

[E] Plessyv.Ferguson case.

19. A person following Martin Luther King’s urge to
participate in civil disobedience would

[A] engage in felony criminal activity, resulting in his or
her arrest.

[B] create riots in public government meetings.

[C] refuse to pay state income taxes until the state
government complied with desegregation standards.

[D] engage in violation of “unjust laws” in a non-violent
manner.

[E] attempt to cause public panic in large crowds.

20. Civil disobedience is

[A] the willful but nonviolent breach of unjust laws.

[B] the failure to fulfill a contractual agreement.

[C] engaging in actions that are likely to promote social
change.

[D] engaging in actions that are likely to catalyze violent
societal responses, such as riots.

[E] the lawful refusal to follow a court order.

21. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided for all of the
following except

[A] equal access to public accommodations regardless of
race, religion, or national origin.

[B] equal employment opportunities, regardless of race.

[C] withholding federal grants-in-aid from state programs
that discriminated on the basis of race.

[D] elimination of the poll tax as a requirement for
voting.

[E] strengthen voting rights legislation.

22. Which provision prevented the collection of money from
individuals (primarily black Americans) in order to be eligible to vote in
primary and general elections?

[A] The Poll Revenue Reduction Act

[B] The Suffrage Fee Act

[C] The Twenty-seventh Amendment

[D] The Equal Protection Act

[E] The Twenty-fourth Amendment

23. A college athletics department that prevents female
basketball athletes from receiving scholarships as do male basketball athletes
would lose federal financial aid assistance in what area, subject to what case?

24. Which of the following best describes Congress
and the Supreme Court on the issue of civil rights since the late 1980s?

[A] Congress has narrowed protection, and the Supreme Court
has expanded it.

[B] Both institutions have worked in tandem to continue
expanding civil rights.

[C] The institutions have worked together to close
loopholes in the old law.

[D] Both institutions have consistently restricted civil
rights.

[E] The Supreme
Court has narrowed protection, and Congress has expanded it.

25. The effect of the 1991 Civil Rights Act was

[A] to increase costs to employers engaging in acts of
discrimination.

[B] to reduce civil rights protections.

[C] to allow government to expand its enforcement of acts
that were not clearly discriminatory.

[D] vetoed by President Bush.

[E] criminal penalties were made more severe for violators.

26. A group of people who were practicing civil
disobedience in the early ‘60s but who became increasingly frustrated with
their lack of accomplishment would probably have done what in the latter ‘60s?

[A] Abandoned its goals.

[B] Shifted their focus.

[C] Turned to elections as a tool.

[D] Encountered and increasingly used violence.

[E] Seen their earlier actions confirmed by favorable court
rulings.

27. The United States was created on and expanded into
territory once held by Native Americans through

[A] a series of treaties approved and honored by both
sides.

[B] purely defensive reactions to Indian attacks on
European territory.

[C] gradual assimilation of the two cultures.

[D] deception and the use of raw military power.

[E] Native American culture, which did not believe in
protesting such action.

28. Which of the following best describes the legal
status of Native Americans?

[A] They were granted full citizenship by the Fourteenth
Amendment.

[B] Until granted U.S. citizenship in 1924, they were
considered foreign nationals.

[C] They are currently not considered U.S. citizens and are
dealt with through treaties.

[D] They have been considered white, and hence citizens,
since 1776, but they have suffered de facto discrimination.

[E] They are still considered to be citizens of local
tribes only.

29. An Indian claims commission was created in 1946

[A] to compensate Native Americans for land that had been
taken from them.

[B] to hear criminal cases on the reservations.

[C] to settle disputes among various tribes.

[D] as part of an agreement designed to end the battle at
Wounded Knee.

[E] to establish an entity for claims against Native
Americans to be heard.

30. For Native Americans, the 1970s and 1980s brought

[A] reinforcement of Native culture.

[B] a continuing deterioration of conditions at an
increased rate.

[C] loss of sovereign nation status.

[D] a substantial movement off the reservations and into
cities.

[E] the return of some land and financial settlements for
other losses.

31. Recently, Native American tribes have begun ambitious
social and educational programs for their members largely because of

[A] legalized gambling operation proceeds.

[B] discovery of new, prosperous natural resources on
tribal lands.

[C] alternative agricultural development on reservation
land.

[D] better educational abilities of its average members.

[E] increased trade of tribal goods.

32. In the 1920s, Hispanic Americans were welcomed to the
United States as a

[A] part of America’s Good Neighbor Policy.

[B] source of new talent and expertise for the practice of
arid-zone agriculture.

[C] source of cheap labor.

[D] way to populate border areas of the Southwest.

[E] method to prevent overcrowding in certain areas.

33. The strike and boycott led by Cesar Chavezhad the effect of

[A] insuring that farm workers would be people of all
racial and ethnic backgrounds.