About Me

My mother was murdered by what I call corporate and political homicide i.e. FOR PROFIT! she died from a rare phenotype of CJD i.e. the Heidenhain Variant of Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease i.e. sporadic, simply meaning from unknown route and source. I have simply been trying to validate her death DOD 12/14/97 with the truth. There is a route, and there is a source. There are many here in the USA. WE must make CJD and all human TSE, of all age groups 'reportable' Nationally and Internationally, with a written CJD questionnaire asking real questions pertaining to route and source of this agent. Friendly fire has the potential to play a huge role in the continued transmission of this agent via the medical, dental, and surgical arena. We must not flounder any longer. ...TSS

ABSTRACT

The importance of livestock as a source
of bacterial pathogens with the potential for epidemic spread in human
populations is unclear. In recent years, there has been a global increase in
community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(CA-MRSA) infections of healthy humans, but an understanding of the different
evolutionary origins of CA-MRSA clones and the basis for their recent expansion
is lacking. Here, using a high-resolution phylogenetic approach, we report the
discovery of two emergent clones of human epidemic CA-MRSA which resulted from
independent livestock-to-human host jumps by the major bovine S. aureus
complex, CC97. Of note, one of the new clones was isolated from human infections
on four continents, demonstrating its global dissemination since the host jump
occurred over 40 years ago. The emergence of both human S. aureus
clones coincided with the independent acquisition of mobile genetic elements
encoding antimicrobial resistance and human-specific mediators of immune
evasion, consistent with an important role for these genetic events in the
capacity to survive and transmit among human populations. In conclusion, we
provide evidence that livestock represent a reservoir for the emergence of new
human-pathogenic S. aureus clones with the capacity for pandemic
spread. These findings have major public health implications highlighting the
importance of surveillance for early identification of emergent clones and
improved transmission control measures at the human-livestock interface.

IMPORTANCE Animals are
the major source of new pathogens affecting humans. However, the potential for
pathogenic bacteria that originally were found in animals to switch hosts and
become widely established in human populations is not clear. Here, we report the
discovery of emergent clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) that originated in livestock and switched to humans, followed
by host-adaptive evolution and epidemic spread in global human populations. Our
findings demonstrate that livestock can act as a reservoir for the emergence of
new human bacterial clones with potential for pandemic spread, highlighting the
potential role of surveillance and biosecurity measures in the agricultural
setting for preventing the emergence of new human pathogens.

Study
reveals bovine origin for human MRSA strain

A RECENT study has suggested a type of
meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus found in people originated
in cattle at least 40 years ago. Researchers say that their work provides clear
evidence that livestock were the original source of the MRSA strain, which is
now widespread in the human population.

The researchers, from a number of
different institutions, including the Roslin Institute and Cambridge veterinary
school, …

Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013 THREAT
REPORT

“We continue to promote the concept that, if an animal is sick,
using antibiotics to treat that animal is obviously important,” said CDC
Director Dr. Tom Frieden. “We also know that there are specific situations in
which the widespread use of antimicrobials in agriculture has resulted in an
increase in resistant infections in humans.”

Tuesday, September 17, 2013

About 80 percent of all antibiotics distributed in the
U.S. were for food animals, and CSPI has documented 55
foodborne illness outbreaks between 1973 and 2011 where the bacteria identified
were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Thirty-four of those outbreaks
occurred since 2000.

“Because of the link between antibiotic use in
food-producing animals and the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant infections in
humans, antibiotics should be used in food-producing animals only under
veterinary oversight and only to manage and treat infectious diseases, not to
promote growth,” reads the report.

“We continue to promote the concept that, if an animal is
sick, using antibiotics to treat that animal is obviously important,” said CDC
Director Dr. Tom Frieden. “We also know that there are specific situations in
which the widespread use of antimicrobials in agriculture has resulted in an
increase in resistant infections in humans.”

Threat Report 2013

This report, Antibiotic resistance threats
in the United States, 2013 gives a first-ever snapshot of the burden and
threats posed by the antibiotic-resistant germs having the most impact on human
health.

Each year in the United States, at least 2
million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics
and at least 23,000 people die each year as a direct result of these infections.
Many more people die from other conditions that were complicated by an
antibiotic-resistant infection.

Antibiotic-resistant infections can happen
anywhere. Data show that most happen in the general community; however, most
deaths related to antibiotic resistance happen in healthcare settings such as
hospitals and nursing homes.