Chapter 7 pgs.182-194
The Rise of Cultural Nationalism
Patterns of Education•Republican vision included enlightened citizenry, wanted nationwide system of free public schools to create educated electorate required by republic •By 1815 no state had a comprehensive public school system, schooling primary by private institutions open only to those who could pay oMost were aristocratic in outlook, trained students to become elite. Few schools for poor •Idea of “republican mother” to train new generation could not be ignorant, late 18thcentury women began to have limited education to make them better wives and mothers- no professional training •Attempts to educate “noble savages” in white culture and reform tribes, African Americans very little schooling- literacy rate very small •Higher education not public, private contribution and tuition necessary, students mostly from prosperous, propertied families. Little professional education Medicine and Science

•Most doctors learned from established practitioners, struggled with introduction of science and combating superstition. Doctors often used dangerous and useless treatments. •Medical profession used its new “scientific” method to justify expanding control to new care- childbirths by doctor and not midwives Cultural Aspirations in the New Nation

•After Europe independence people wanted cultural independence, literary and artistic achievements to rival those of Europe •Nationalism could be found in early American schoolbooks, Noah Webster wanted patriot education- American Spelling Book and American Dictionary of the English Language established national standard of words and usage, simplified and Americanized system of spelling created •High literacy rate and large reading public due to wide circulation of newspapers and political pamphlets. Most printers used cheaper English material, American writers struggled to create strong native literature oCharles Brockden Brown used novels to voice American themes oWashington Irving wrote American folk tales, fables- Rip Van Winkle oHistories that glorified past- Mercy Otis Warren History of the Revolution 1805 emphasized heroism, Mason Weems Life of Washington 1806. History used to instill sense of nationalism Religious Skepticism

•Revolution detached churches from government and elevated liberty and reason, by 1790s few members of formal churches, some embraced “deism” •Books and articles attacking religious “superstitions” popular, Thomas Paine’s The Age of Reason. •Skepticism led to “universalism” and “Unitarianism”, at first within New England Congregational Church, later separate- rejected predestination, salvation for all, Jesus only great religious teacher not son of God •Spread of rationalism led to less commitment to organized churches and denominations considered too formal and traditional, comeback starting 1801 The Second Great Awakening

•Origin 1790s from efforts to fight spread of religious rationalism. Baptists, Presbyterian, Methodists successful at combating New Light dissenters •By 1800 awakening that began at Yale had spread throughout country and to the west, “camp meetings” by evangelical ministers produced religious frenzy •Second Great Awakening called individuals to readmit God and Christ into daily life reject skeptical rationalism. New sects rejected predestination, combined piety with belief of God as active force whose grace achieved thru faith and works •Accelerated growth of new sects as opposed to return to established churches, provided sense of order and social stability to people searching for identity •Women particularly drawn to revivalism because women more numerous in certain regions, movement of industrial work out of home led to personal and social strains that religion was used to compensate for •Revival led to rise of black preachers who interpreted religious message of salvation available to all into right to freedom •Native American dislocation and defeats...

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...﻿Chapter 8: Varieties of American Nationalism
A Growing Economy
Banking, Currency, and Protection
War of 1812 stimulated manufacturing
Post war manufacturing  chaos in shipping and banking- need for new Bank of the United States, chartered expiration in 1811 and not renewed, protecting new industries, transport systems
After expiration of charter, state banks offered difft currencies at difft values  confusion and counterfeiting
Congress passed new charter for Bank of US 1816- its size and power forced state banks to issue safer currency
Manufacturing had grown tremendously due to imports being cut off + exponential increase in textile industry b/ween Embargo of 1807 and War
Factories in NE no longer family operations
Francis Lowell developed new loom 1813 in Boston Manufacturing Company- first process of both spinning and weaving
After war English ships swarmed American ports, wanted to reclaim old markets with prices below cost
1816 Congress passed tariff to protect “infant industries” from competition aboard- farmers objected b/c paid higher price
Transportation
W/o transport network manufacturers couldn’t access raw materials and send finished goods to markets in US  should fed govt finance roads.
1807 Jefferson’s Sec Treasury Albert Gallatin proposed revenue from Ohio land sale go to fund National Road.
Crucial Lancaster Pike built in PA- allowed for the beginning of transport of commodities like textiles
Steam-powered shipping (advancements of...

...﻿ The very first African slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. From then
on, slavery held a big part in the southern colonies. Between 1607 and 1775 Southern
colonies became dependent with slaves for a more subsistence economy (which means
they relied on natural resources for their basic needs, through hunting gathering,
subsistence farming, etc.), and profit because African slaves were more expensive than
white servants, because they have gained an immunity to climates and diseases due to
their natural environments, and they don’t have a social background.
Economic factors encouraged the slavery growth. The colony Jamestown only survived,
because John Rolfe improved the tobacco. When Jamestown’s colony began their cash
crop was tobacco, since Europe had such a desire for tobacco. They started large
plantations and needed a lot of help to plant and harvest the tobacco. They got
indentured servants to help with the land for about seven years. Many of them died off
before they even reached their seven years, because of diseases such as malaria and
smallpox. They weren’t use to the conditions of working. Jamestown then brought in
Africans, which were more suitable for the environment and their ability work. However,
Africans were very expensive, but they worked for their whole life with some regulation
laws. As you can see, slavery in the south was very important.
Geographic factors also took an...

...APUSH Chapter 1-5 Notes
Chapter 1
Chapter One starts out with the shaping of North America. The section explains that because of the Great Ice Age and the Canadian Shield that now we have present-day America. Early evidence shows that people had already began traveling to the Americas in crude boats or going along the Bering Isthmus. Before the Europeans arrived, it is estimated that 54 million people already inhabited these areas of interest. Although the Europeans did not see how many people were actually living in the area because many of these groups lived in small communities and moved around often in search of food. Agriculture along with present-day Southwest America was powerfully molded by Pueblo culture. This was important because the Pueblo peoples constructed important irrigation systems to water their many fields. Two of the biggest, most impacting things the Europeans brought with them were their Old World crops and animals, and their dirt and germs. The Indian tribes quickly adapted to the new crops and animals, but unfortunately it was a different story with the germs the Europeans brought with them. The germs that people of the Old World had grown resistant to were now introduced to over 1 million people. Within 50 years of their arrival, the smallpox disease killed about 800,000 Taino natives in Hispaniola. Not only did it affect this group, but also within centuries of Columbus’s arrival almost 90 percent of the Indian...

...APUSH - Cornwell
FEB 16-24, 2011
1. INDUSTRIAL AMERICA in the LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY
• Corporate consolidation of industry
• Effects of technological development on the worker and workplace
• Labor and unions
• National politics and influence of corporate power
• Migration and immigration: changing face of the nation
• Proponents and opponents of the new order (e.g. “Social Darwinism and Social Gospel”)
AMSCO pp. 333-347 (CH 17)
EV pp. 543-573 (CH 18)
ESSENTIAL QUESTION (S):
INDUSTRY
AMSCO
To what extent is it justified to characterize the industrial leaders of the 1865-1900 era as either “robber barons” or “captains of industry”?
2001 FRQ #4
How and why did transportation developments spark economic growth during the period from 1860 to 1900 in the United States?
LABOR
1998 FRQ #3
Analyze the impact of any TWO of the following on the American industrial worker between 1865 and 1900.
• Government actions
• Immigration
• Labor Unions
• Technological changes
2000 DBQ
How successful was organized labor in improving the position of workers in the period from 1875 to 1900? Analyze the factors that contributed to the level of success achieved.
Use the documents and your knowledge of the period from 1875 to 1900 to construct your response.
2009 FRQ #4
Choose TWO of the following organizations and explain their strategies for advancing the interests of workers. To what...

...Chapter 4
A. The Unhealthy Chesapeake
Life was nasty because of : Malaria, dysentery, and typhoid. Half the people didn't survive till they were 20.
as a result, population grew very slowly. Only through immigrants, mostly male adults, who died soon after arriving. Outnumbered women 6:1, women weren't singly for long
families were few and small, men couldn't find wives, people died, etc. Many pregnancies happened for unmarried girls
Yet, colonists eventually developed immunity to diseases, and more women came along. By end of 1600s, Chesapeake could grow on its own, without immigrants.
B. The Tobacco Economy
Chesapeake was good for tobacco plantation, and people often planted tobacco first because it sold so well. But, tobacco quickly ruins soil, so they kept on looking for more land, leading to more Native American contact
1.5 million pounds out of Chesapeake Bay by 1630s, 40 million by end of century. Though this resulted in lower prices, they simply planted more to make up for it.
Indians couldn't labor because died too quickly, slaves cost too much, so they used indentured servants. (Englishmen who fled because of economy, or tenants forced to leave, etc.) They got some corn, clothes, an axe/hoe, and some land.
Maryland and Virginia used headright system (see list of terms), some masters combined the investments and formed gigantic plantations. Chesapeake planters had 100,000 indentured servants, representative of ¾ of all European immigrants to Mary and...

...CHAPTER 11
* The tie between Aaron Burr and Jefferson meant that Jefferson had to be elected by the house of reps.
* Jefferson and his secretary kept financial policies like funding, assumption, and the Bank of the U.S. in place.
* The Jeffersonian Republicans showed their hostility by trying to impeach Justice Samuel Chase.
* Marbury vs. Madison established judicial review; the right of the Supreme Court to declare legislation unconstitutional.
* Jefferson cut the army to 2500 men because he thought a large army was a threat to liberty and economy.
* Jefferson’s deepest doubt about the Louisiana Purchase was that the purchase might be unconstitutional.
* Lewis and Clark expedition demonstrated the viability of an overland American route to the Pacific.
* After 1805, American shipping was severely hurt by trade restrictions imposed by both the British and French.
* After the Chesapeake Affair Jefferson could have easily declared war on Britain with the enthusiastic support from both the Federalists and Republicans. (what is Chesapeake affair?)
* Jefferson’s embargo badly hurt Federalist New England as well as southern and western farmers.
* New Englanders overcame the effects of the embargo by trading illicitly with Canada and developing more domestic manufacturing.
* The most revolutionary development in the critical election of 1800 was the peaceful transition of power form one political party to its opponent.
* One...

...During the 1930s, unemployment and insecurity had pushed up the suicide rate and decreased the marriage rate. The population growth was also declining as couples had economic troubles.
In the initial postwar years, the economy struggled; prices elevated 33% from 1946-1947 after the wartime price controls were removed. An epidemic of strikes swept over the country in 1946.
In 1947, the Republican Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act over President Truman's veto. It outlawed the "closed" (all-union) shop, made unions liable for damages that resulted from jurisdictional disputes among themselves, and required union leaders to take a noncommunist oath. Taft-Hartley was just one of several obstacles that slowed the growth of organized labor in the years following WWII.
The CIO's "Operation Dixie," aimed at unionizing southern textile workers and steelworkers, failed in 1948 to overcome lingering fears of racial mixing.
Congress passed the Employment Act in 1946 to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power. It also created a 3-member Council of Economic Advisers to provide the president with the data and the recommendations to make that policy a reality.
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, better known as the GI Bill of Rights or the GI Bill, made generous provisions for sending the former solders to school. By raising educational levels and stimulating the construction industry, the GI Bill powerfully nurtured the long-lived economic...