ATM Protein Kinase S1981 Antibody Description

Background

ATM, the gene mutated in the hereditary disease ataxia-telangiectasia, codes for a protein kinase that acts as a master regulator of cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks. ATM is normally inactive and the question of how it is activated in the event of DNA damage (due to ionizing radiation for instance) is central to understanding its function. ATM protein is now shown to be present in undamaged cells as an inactive dimer. Low doses of ionizing radiation, which induce only a few DNA breaks, activate at least half of the total ATM protein present, possibly in response to changes in chromatin structure. The ATM gene encodes a 370-kDa protein that belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI(3)K) superfamily, but which phosphorylates proteins rather than lipids. The 350-amino-acid kinase domain at the carboxy terminus of this large protein is the only segment of ATM with an assigned function. Exposure of cells to IR triggers ATM kinase activity, and this function is required for arrests in G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Several substrates of the ATM kinase participate in these IR-induced cell-cycle arrests. These include p53, Mdm2 and Chk2 in the G1 checkpoint; Nbs1, Brca1, FancD2 and SMC1 in the
transient IR-induced S-phase arrest; and Brca1 and hRad17 in the G2/M checkpoint. See Bakkenist, C. J. & Kastan, M. B. Nature 421, 499-506 (2003) for a complete presentation of this antibody's specificity and utility.

Synonyms

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated

Immunogen

This antibody was affinity purified from whole rabbit serum prepared by repeated immunizations with a synthetic peptide S-L-A-F-E-E-G-S-Q-S-T-T-I-S-S corresponding to aa 1974-1988 of human ATM conjugated to KLH using maleimide.

Immunogen Type

Peptide

Storage Condition

Store vial at -20° C prior to opening. Aliquot contents and freeze at -20° C or below for extended storage. Avoid cycles of freezing and thawing. Centrifuge product if not completely clear after standing at room temperature. This product is stable for several weeks at 4° C as an undiluted liquid. Dilute only prior to immediate use.

Application Note

Affinity purified rabbit anti-ATM has been tested by ELISA, immunofluorescence microscopy, western blotting and biological assays against both the native and recombinant forms of the protein.

Purity/Specifity

This affinity-purified antibody is directed against human ATM and is useful in determining its presence in various assays. This polyclonal anti-ATM antibody detects native and over-expressed proteins found in various tissues and extracts. Reactivity is observed against human ATM and cross reactivity with ATM from other mammalian sources has not been tested.

Disclaimer Note-General

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