Settlement 500yds (460m) south east of Cardew Hill

A Scheduled Monument in Dalston, Cumbria

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Coordinates

Latitude: 54.8356 / 54°50'8"N

Longitude: -3.01 / 3°0'35"W

OS Eastings: 335224.405197

OS Northings: 549441.28742

OS Grid: NY352494

Mapcode National: GBR 7DFJ.4C

Mapcode Global: WH807.QQVB

Entry Name: Settlement 500yds (460m) SE of Cardew Hill

Scheduled Date: 15 August 1973

Source: Historic England

Source ID: 1007206

English Heritage Legacy ID: CU 176

County: Cumbria

Civil Parish: Dalston

Traditional County: Cumberland

Lieutenancy Area (Ceremonial County): Cumbria

Church of England Parish: Dalston St Michael

Church of England Diocese: Carlisle

Summary

Settlement enclosure, 492m south east of Cardew Hall.

Source: Historic England

Details

This record was the subject of a minor enhancement on 01 March 2016. This record has been generated from an "old county number" (OCN) scheduling record. These are monuments that were not reviewed under the Monuments Protection Programme and are some of our oldest designation records.

The monument includes the remains of a settlement enclosure of Iron Age date, situated on a gentle west facing slope overlooking Gill Beck. The enclosure, which is preserved as a cropmark, is sub-rectangular with rounded corners and is surrounded by a ditch. To the south of the enclosure is a second elongated enclosure and a track leads north from the site, both of which are preserved as cropmarks.

Source: Historic England

Reasons for Scheduling

During the earlier Iron Age (seventh to fifth centuries BC) a variety of different types of defensive settlements began to be constructed and occupied in the northern uplands of England. The most obvious sites were hillforts built in prominent locations. In addition to these a range of smaller sites, sometimes with an enclosed area of less than 1ha and defined as defended settlements, were also constructed. Some of these were located on hilltops, others are found in less prominent positions. The enclosing defences were of earthen construction, some sites having a single bank and ditch (univallate), others having more than one (multivallate). At some sites these earthen ramparts represent a second phase of defence, the first having been a timber fence or palisade. Within the enclosure a number of stone or timber-built round houses were occupied by the inhabitants. Stock may also have been kept in these houses, especially during the cold winter months, or in enclosed yards outside them. The communities occupying these sites were probably single family groups, the defended settlements being used as farmsteads. Construction and use of this type of site extended over several centuries, possibly through to the early Romano-British period (mid to late first century AD). Defended settlements are a rare monument type. They were an important element of the later prehistoric settlement pattern of the northern uplands and are important for any study of the developing use of fortified settlements during this period.

The settlement enclosure 492m south east of Cardew Hall is preserved as a cropmark and will contain archaeological deposits relating to its construction, use and abandonment. The monument provides insight into the character of settlement during the Iron Age period.

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