U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, National Park Service

Research: Population Surveys

Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance

This is an ongoing action, as the status of the species and their threats change constantly. NOTE: For all tasks in this recovery plan, only the 22 species in the first Big Island plan are being addressed. The other 13 are addressed in the Big Island addendum.

Effective control methods for most gastropods and insects in Hawaii are not yet developed for use in natural forest habitats. Methods are in the development phase for gastropods and some insect pests.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

1

12231

Establish impacts of alien plants and determine species necessary to control

Ongoing Not Current

FY 1995 - FY 1999

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaii Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, National Park Service

Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation, Management: Predator and Competitor Control

Identity of alien plants needing control is an ongoing task that will never be complete, as new pest plant species are continually introduced to Hawaii and can become established in natural areas.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

1

12232

Determine effective control methods and implement alien plant control program

Ongoing Not Current

FY 1995 - FY 1999

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaii Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners

Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation, Management: Predator and Competitor Control

Control of alien plants is an ongoing task that may be reduced to low maintenance and monitoring levels, but will never be completely eradicated, especially as new pest plant species are continually introduced to Hawaii and can become established in natural areas. Effective control methods are continually being developed by the Invasive Species Committees on each island and the results are applied to other natural areas.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

1

1224

Control diseases, as necessary

Not Started

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaii Department of Agriculture

Fire plans have been developed and are being implemented for Puu Waawaa (DLNR), Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (NPS) and Pohakuloa Training (DOD). The Hawaii County Fire Department is aware of the Isodendrion pyrularium and other endangered plant populations at Kealakehe in case of a fire in that area. Most of the other species do not inhabit high fire risk habitats.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

1

12261

Determine impacts of managed hunting and other recreational activities

Partially Complete

FY 1995 - FY 1999

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources

Research: Predation, Research: Other Information

Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance

The negative impacts of maintaining a population of nonnative ungulates for public hunting purposes is well understood, and therefore the only acceptible level of nonnative ungulates in an area managed for endangered species recovery is zero. The impacts of other recreational uses are not as well understood, and research continues on these threats.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

1

123

Monitor status of wild populations

Ongoing Not Current

Prior to FY 1995

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, National Park Service, Private landowners

Research: Population Surveys

Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance

This task is ongoing, but does not occur as frequently as it should - sporatic but more frequent for extremely rare species (<50 individuals in the wild).

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

1

124

Revise management plans, as necessary

Ongoing Not Current

FY 1995 - FY 1999

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners

Management plans include adaptive management, and therefore are changed whenever monitoring indicates alternative methods may be needed to fully implement a particular task of if a particular task is no longer needed.

This task is complete for Clermontia pelana, Isodendrion pyrifolium and Delissea undulata (Delissea argutidentata under its most recent taxonomic treatment as a Big Island extinct endemic), but for the other species in this recovery plan the existing ex situ collections are not genetically adequate.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

1

44

Maintain, monitor and evaluate new populations

Ongoing Current

Prior to FY 1995

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners

Critical habitat, and the suitable habitat from which critical habitat was derived, has been identified for all species in this recovery plan. Additional studies are needed to develop more precise microclimate needs for each species.

Critical habitat, and the suitable habitat from which critical habitat was derived, has been identified for all species in this recovery plan, but needs to be refined for each species and its full recovery needs.

The current knowledge has been gathered mainly from incidental observations during field surveys and monitoring. More detailed experimental research is needed to fully understand these aspects of the species.

The current knowledge has been gathered mainly from incidental observations during propagation, field surveys and monitoring. More detailed experimental research is needed to fully understand these aspects of the species.

The current knowledge has been gathered mainly from incidental observations during propagation, field surveys and monitoring. More detailed experimental research is needed to fully understand these aspects of the species.

The current knowledge has been gathered mainly from incidental observations during field surveys and monitoring. More detailed experimental research is needed to fully understand these aspects of the species.

The current knowledge has been gathered mainly from incidental observations during propagation, field surveys and monitoring. More detailed experimental research is needed to fully understand these aspects of the species.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

2

31

Identify populations for augmentation

Ongoing Not Current

Prior to FY 1995

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners, Ola`a Kilauea Management Group

Acquisition: General, Management: Planning

Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance

Any population of a short-lived perennial with fewer than 50 mature indivudals and a long-lived perennial with fewer than 25 mature individuals that do not exhibit increased reproduction after the major threats are managed is considered for augmentation.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

2

32

Propagate material for augmentation

Ongoing Not Current

Prior to FY 1995

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Botanical Gardens, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hawaii Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Refuge Division, Ola`a Kilauea Management Group

Management: Propagation, Management: Reintroduction

Volunteer, Contract, Internal Technical Assistance

Volcano Rare Plant Facility propagates many species for augmentation by NPS, TMAMG, DLNR, and various private landowners with grants from ES or DLNR. NWR and DOD have their own facilities to propagation material for augmentation.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

2

33

Prepare sites and augment wild populations

Ongoing Not Current

Prior to FY 1995

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Refuge Division, Ola`a Kilauea Management Group

Threat control is occurring on NPS, NWR, TMAMG, DLNR, DOD, and various private landowners lands for reintroduction.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

3

43

Transplant selected material

Ongoing Not Current

Prior to FY 1995

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Refuge Division, Ola`a Kilauea Management Group

Reintroductions are occurring for several species on NPS, NWR, TMAMG, DLNR, and various private landowners lands and are planned on DOD lands. However, more reintroductions are needed to recover most of the species in this plan.

Recovery Plan for the Big Island Plant Cluster

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Kula wahine noho

Isodendrion pyrifolium

3

51

Validate the number of individuals and populations necessary for recovery of each taxon.