Soc3344studyguidechapters1and2sp07

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Unformatted text preview: Chapter 1
Discussion Questions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Why is it more difficult to police a democratic society than a dictatorship/autocratic form of government? What is a social contract? How does the U.S. Constitution affect police departments in rural and urban America? There are a number of federal law enforcement agencies. Compare and contrast the jurisdictions and responsibilities of the different federal law enforcement agencies. How are local, state, and federal police agencies different? Why are they different? Discuss the environment of policing in American society. What social institutions affect the way police perform their roles and functions? How did the creation of the Department of Homeland Security affect federal law enforcement?
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is part of the environmental force that impacts policing? a. legal issues b. political issues c. economic issues d. all of the above Social contract describes the relationship between which of the following? a. citizens and police b. government and citizens c. government and police d. the Constitution and citizens Which of the following must be balanced under a democratic system of government? a. individual rights and needs of police officers b. rights of government and individual rights c. rights of individuals and the collective needs of members of society d. rights of state governments and collective needs of members of society Which of the following is best defined as collective practices by which a group attempts to ensure that individuals conform to the norms and values of the group? a. social controls b. laws c. values d. norms Which of the following is a function of the Constitution? a. defines and describes social arrangements between a government and its citizens b. distributes authority c. limits the use of power d. all of the above Which of the following protects suspects from illegal searches and seizures? a. Fourth Amendment b. Fifth Amendment c. Sixth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment How police officers obtain confessions and conduct lineups is addressed in which Constitutional Amendment? a. Fourth Amendment b. Fifth Amendment c. Sixth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment Suspects are guaranteed a right to legal counsel in the __________ to the U.S. Constitution. a. Fourth Amendment b. Fifth Amendment c. Sixth Amendment d. Eighth Amendment The police fall under which branch of government? a. executive b. judicial c. legislative d. military
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10. What is the form of political organization that distributes authority and power among levels of government? a. capitalism b. som c. authoritarianism d. federalism 11. Which of the following best defines federalism? a. It outlines the separation of power among the three branches of government. b. It outlines the separation of power among the federal and state governments. c. It provides a system of social control. d. It distributes authority and power among the three levels of government. 12. Which of the following is best defined as a binding rule that regulates conduct and provides sanctions for violations of its provisions? a. a contract b. a law c. a bill d. none of the above 13. Which of the following is best defined as criminal statutes that define which behaviors are acceptable and unacceptable in our society? a. substantive law b. procedural law c. civil law d. case law 14. Which of the following is best defined as laws that prescribe how police officers apply substantive laws? a. substantive law b. procedural law c. civil law d. case law 15. Which of the following is best defined as that which regulates social interactions arising from private, commercial, or contractual relations? a. substantive law b. procedural law c. civil law d. case law 16. Which of the following is a characteristic of a system, as outlined by Strecher? a. goal seeking b. component parts c. synergistic d. all of the above 17. Which of the following is a model of policing that places high priority on moving cases through the system? a. due process model b. crime control model c. human rights model d. civil liberties model 18. Which of the following is a model of policing that places high priority on protecting citizens rights? a. due process model b. crime control model c. human rights model d. civil liberties model 19. Municipal law enforcement agencies have responsibility over all EXCEPT which of the following? a. law enforcement b. order maintenance c. convenience norms d. legislative advisement 20. Which of the following is best defined as a basic or standardized social position that carries with it certain expectations? a. function b. role c. service d. task 21. Which of the following is best defined as tasks and activities associated with a role?
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a. tasks b. service c. function d. duty Wilsons 1968 study of the New York City Police Department found that __________ of calls were related to law enforcement. a. 10 percent b. 30 percent c. 50 percent d. 80 percent The watchman style of policing emphasizes: a. the provision of services. b. limited use of discretion. c. order maintenance and crime control. d. all of the above The __________ style of policing implements the criminal justice process as frequently as possible and offenders, regardless of their circumstances or the severity of their offense, seldom escape sanction. a. watchman b. legalistic c. service d. community-oriented The service style of policing would most likely be found in which type of community? a. an inner-city neighborhood b. a small rural community c. the suburbs d. none of the above There are approximately __________ separate police agencies in the United States. a. 18,000 b. 25,000 c. 30,000 d. 57,000 Which of the following law enforcement agencies are in the U.S. Justice Department? a. ATF, DEA, IRS, Immigration & Naturalization b. FBI, DEA, ATF, Secret Service c. FBI, DEA, U.S. Marshals, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms d. ATF, IRS, Customs, Secret Service When was the Justice Department created? a. 1776 b. 1870 c. 1940 d. 1970 Which of the following is NOT one of the major responsibilities of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)? a. to develop an overall drug enforcement strategy b. to conduct research on the harmful effects of illegal drugs c. to investigate and assist in the prosecution of drug offenses d. to coordinate efforts of local and state law enforcement officials Which of the following is NOT one of the major objectives of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms? a. to control illegal trafficking and criminal use of firearms b. to investigate bombings and arsons c. to establish the amount of taxes to be paid on alcohol, tobacco, and firearms d. to ensure the collection of alcohol and tobacco tax revenues Which of the following law enforcement agencies are in the Department of Homeland Security? a. ATF, DEA, IRS, Immigration & Naturalization b. FBI, DEA, ATF, Secret Service c. FBI, DEA, U.S. Marshals, Immigration & Naturalization d. FEMA, Immigration and Customs, Secret Service The largest municipal law enforcement agency in the United States is the __________ police department. a. Chicago b. New York City c. Los Angeles
d. Detroit 33. Which of the following is a responsibility of a sheriff? a. collecting certain taxes b. serving warrants c. providing security for the mayor d. a and b only
True/False
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. The idea of democracy embodies the principles of individual rights, respect for the rule of law, and majority rule. Under the social contract theory, members of society are assumed to have entered an agreement to create government to acquire security and order for the entire society. Constitutions describe the arrangements between federal and state government. One primary distinction between different types of governments is the presence of a constitution. Police officers must protect the constitutional rights of law-abiding citizens without regard to criminal suspects. The police fall under the judicial branch of government. The constitutional principles of federalism and separation of powers affect the structure of the American police system. Police power is split among several levels of government. Wilson characterized the three basic styles of policing as watchman, legalistic, and service. There are more local police agencies than any other type of law enforcement agency. Police officers are said to be the gatekeepers of the criminal justice system. Studies indicate that the public views the police less favorably than other state agencies. Police officers typically view themselves as crook-catchers.
Essay/Short Answer
1. 2. 3. 4. Briefly discuss the social contract theory. List the functions of a constitution. Define federalism and discuss how this concept impacts policing. The provisions of the U.S. Constitution affect the structure and operation of police organizations. How do the principles of federalism and separation of powers affect law enforcement in the United States? 5. Identify and discuss the four types of law that affect the police practices. 6. Discuss the four primary roles of the police in our society. 7. Discuss the six major responsibilities of the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). 8. Describe the origins of and the evolution of the U.S. Marshal Service. 9. Briefly discuss the largest law enforcement agencies housed within the U.S. Department of Treasury. 10. Describe the differences between state police agencies and highway patrol agencies. 11. Discuss how too much law threatens the principles of democracy. 12. Identify and describe the eight police objectives as they are outlined by Herman Goldstein.
Chapter 2
Discussion Questions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What were the main issues confronting police administrators during the time when formal departments were being organized? How were these issues dealt with? Are any of these issues relevant in contemporary policing? How were the early American police forces different from the police forces of today? How were they similar? Given the high levels of crime and disorder in England, why were the politicians opposed to creating a governmental police force? What role did the police play in the disorders of the 1960s and 1970s both in terms of solving problems and creating more disorder? What effect did the Depression have on crime and policy in the 1930s?
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements about policing is true? a. The police function was vested with the military during earlier times. b. Policing has been linked to the development of political organization and control of citizens and resources. c. Successful Egyptian dynasties established some form of police force to protect domestic tranquility. d. all of the above Which of the following best describes the first form of policing in England? a. constables b. sheriffs c. formal police organizations d. state police agencies
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Henry Fielding made which of the following contributions to policing? a. He organized the Bow Street Runners. b. He established a school for police officers. c. He enacted legislation creating the London police. d. He drafted a police bill of rights. Which of the following best describes Patrick Colquhouns approach to solving the crime problem in London? a. He wanted to eliminate those who were biologically predisposed to criminal behavior. b. He wanted to eliminate social problems. c. He wanted to implement a government police force. d. He wanted to create more laws, police officers, and prisons. Which of the following was Patrick Colquhouns contribution to policing? a. He organized the Bow Street Runners. b. He was the first commissioner. c. He created the New River police force. d. He introduced The Metropolitan Police Act. Sir Robert Peel developed which of the following principles? a. Police must be organized along military lines. b. Police must be controlled by the government. c. Police headquarters would be centrally located. d. all of the above The London police force was not armed and was successful at reducing crime and making citizens feel safe. What was the reason for this success? a. The officers carried guns without the knowledge of their supervisors. b. The professional principles of policing were followed. c. Would-be criminals were afraid of the nightsticks officers carried. d. Policymaking was decentralized and officers were given great autonomy. Many southern police departments began as: a. slave patrols. b. night watches. c. day watches. d. organized, structured police departments. Which of the following was a duty of a constable in American colonies? a. surveying land b. checking weights and measures c. serving warrants d. all of the above Which of the following is true regarding early night watchmen in America? a. They were dedicated men who took their jobs seriously. b. They cared deeply about the citizens of the community they served. c. They frequently slept and drank while on duty. d. Most volunteered out of a deep sense of pride and patriotism. Which of the following was one of the earliest law enforcement officers in America? a. sheriffs b. constables c. chiefs d. detectives According to the text, where was the first night watch in the United States? a. New York, New York b. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania c. Montgomery, Alabama d. Boston, Massachusetts Where was the first day watch? a. Boston, Massachusetts b. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania c. St. Louis, Missouri d. New York, New York What was the original reason for the development of the Pennsylvania State Police? a. to provide security for the governor b. to enforce traffic laws c. to assist mine owners in breaking coal strikes
d. to police rural communities 15. Which of the following was an early issue confronting police administrators in America? a. whether to arm the police b. the corruption of the night watches c. the jurisdiction of the police d. the provision of social services 16. Modern policing has gone through a number of phases. Which of the following is NOT one of those phases? a. political entrenchment phase b. reform phase c. professionalization phase d. expansion phase 17. Which era of modern policing is characterized by extensive corruption that overshadowed the social service efforts of police during this time period? a. political entrenchment phase b. reform phase c. professional phase d. expansion phase 18. Which of the following is a characteristic of the political entrenchment phase? a. The Civil Service was formed. b. The police became crime fighters. c. The police were corrupt. d. The police emphasized citizens rights. 19. Which of the following commissions investigated the beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles police officers? a. Knapp Commission b. Christopher Commission c. Kerner Commission d. Mollen Commission 20. Which of the following was the first to investigate police corruption in New York City? a. Lexow Committee b. Knapp Commission c. Mollen Commission d. Christopher Commission 21. The internal police administrative reform movement centered around which of the following issues? a. personnel issues b. operational issues c. political issues d. social issues 22. Which of the following was provided by the Pendleton Act? a. It offered civil service coverage to public employees. b. It outlawed the possession, manufacture, and sale of alcohol. c. It protected minorities from discrimination by police departments. d. It established a fund for the families of slain police officers. 23. Which of the following was enacted by the Volstead Act? a. organizational changes b. prohibition c. civil service d. police reform 24. During the professionalization phase of American policing, the police role shifted to: a. provision of services. b. order maintenance. c. crime prevention. d. law enforcement. 25. During the professionalization phase of American policing,...