(35) EMCDDA (2017). Report on the risk assessment of methyl 2-[[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate in the framework of the Council Decision on new psychoactive substances. Accessible à l’adresse: [insérer le lien dès que disponible].

Synthetic cannabinoid Apinaca

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the adamantyl indazolecarboxamide family. It takes its codename from its systematic chemical name: N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in May 2012 in Bulgaria when it was found in a smoking mixture product called ‘White Widow’. This substance also goes by the name ‘AKB-48’, the name of a popular all-girl band from Japan. This substance was critically reviewed by the WHO’s 36th Expert Committee on Drug Dependence in 2014.

Synthetic cannabinoid 5F-APINACA (5F-AKB48)

A synthetic cannabinoid of the adamantyl indazolecarboxamide family. It is chemically related to APINACA. It was first reported to the EMCDDA when it was detected in a herbal smoking mixture seized by Police in Latvia in September 2012. This substance was critically reviewed by the WHO’s 38th Expert Committee on Drug Dependence in 2016. It has been internationally controlled and will be included in Schedule II of the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-2201 indazolecarboxamide analogue

A is a synthetic cannabinoid of the naphthyl indazolecarboxamide family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in October 2012 by Finland where it was detected as a component in a white powder.

Synthetic cannabinoid Apica

A synthetic cannabinoid of the adamantyl indolecarboxamide family. It takes its codename from its systematic chemical name: N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indole-3-carboxamide. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in July 2012 and has been detected in bulk powders and in herbal smoking mixtures.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018

A synthetic cannabinoid of the naphthoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in December 2008 by Germany and Austria, being found as an ingredient in different varieties of ‘Spice’ products. JWH-018 is a controlled substance in many EU Member States. This substance is now internationally controlled and listed in Schedule II of the of the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 adamantoyl derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid of the adamantoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in February 2011 when it was detected in branded herbal smoking mixtures such as ‘Nuclear Reactor’, ‘Toxic Waste’ and ‘Radio Active’. This substance also goes by the codename AB-001.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-6527

A synthetic cannabinoid of the naphthyl indolecarboxamide family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in July 2012 when it was detected by authorities in Finland. This substance has several codenames such as ‘MN24’, ‘NNIE’, ‘NNEI’, ‘NNE1’.

Synthetic cannabinoid PB-22

A synthetic cannabinoid of the quinolinyl indolecarboxylate family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in November 2012 when it was detected by Finnish customs authorities in a seizure of 54 kilograms of light brown powder. PB-22 also goes by the codename ‘QUPIC’.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-022

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. This substance was first reported to the EMCDDA in November 2011 by the United Kingdom. It is normally found along with AM-2201 and it is known to be formed when AM-2201 breaks down metabolically and by thermal decomposition.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-1220 Azepane Isomer

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. This substance was reported to the EMCDDA in May 2011. It is thought to be a by-product formed during the production of AM-1220.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-019

A synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in October 2010 by Finland. It has been found in herbal smoking mixtures and powders on its own and with other synthetic cannabinoids.

Synthetic cannabinoid BB-22

Little is known about this substance, a quinolinyl indolecarboxylate which shares some structural features similar to known synthetic cannabinoids. It was reported to the EMCDDA in January 2013 when it was detected in powders seized by Spanish authorities. BB-22 also goes by the codename ‘QUCHIC’.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-2201

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in January 2011 by Latvian authorities and has been frequently reported ever since. Use of AM-2201 has been associated with convulsions. This substance is now internationally controlled and listed in Schedule II of the of the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

Synthetic cannabinoid STS-135

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the adamantyl indolecarboxamide family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in June 2012 by Hungary and has been detected in powders and in branded herbal smoking mixtures such as ‘Armageddon’. STS-135 was the codename for the 135th mission of the American Space Shuttle programme.

Synthetic cannabinoid 5F-PB22

A synthetic cannabinoid of the quinolinyl indolecarboxylate family. This substance was first reported to the EMCDDA in March 2013 by Belgian authorities. Little is known about this novel compound.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH 018 N-(5-chloropentyl) derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA by Germany in July 2012 and has been found often in combination with other synthetic cannabinoids in branded herbal smoking mixtures such as ‘Black Jack Silver’, ‘Black Jack Gold’, ‘New Bonzai Sommernight’ and ‘New Bonzai’.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH 018 N-(5-bromopentyl) derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. This brominated compound was reported to the EMCDDA by Germany in July 2012 when it was identified as one of the synthetic cannabinoids present in a herbal smoking mixture branded ‘XOXO’.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-2232

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It is the only synthetic cannabinoid monitored by the EMCDDA where the tail includes a nitrile group. It was first notified to the EMCDDA by Germany in December 2011 when it was identified as a component of a herbal smoking mixture branded ‘Summerlicious’.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-200

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in December 2009 when it was detected by authorities in Lithuania in a sample seized by border officials. It has since been detected in powders and in herbal smoking mixtures.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-1220

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in May 2011 when it was detected by German authorities in a herbal smoking mixture branded ‘Soulman’.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-1248

A cannabinoid receptor agonist of the adamantoylindole type. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in September 2012 when it was detected by German authorities in a herbal smoking mixture branded ‘Annihilation’.

Synthetic cannabinoid CRA-13

The first synthetic cannabinoid reported to the EMCDDA that belongs to the naphthoylnaphthalene family. It was reported in January 2011 by German authorities as a minor ingredient in a herbal smoking mixture. CRA-13 also goes by the codenames ‘CB-13’ and ‘SAB-378’.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-030

A synthetic cannabinoid of the naphthoylpyrrole family. It was reported to the EMCDDA in March 2013 by German authorities who detected it in a herbal smoking mixture also containing other (related) synthetic cannabinoids such as JWH-307 and JWH-145.

Synthetic cannabinoid A-834,735

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the cyclopropylindole family. It was reported to the EMCDDA in January 2013 by Polish authorities who detected it in herbal smoking mixtures labelled ‘Sunny’ and ‘June Up’.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-679

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the benzoylindole family. It was reported to the EMCDDA in January 2012 by Italian authorities who detected it in a package of powder that was marked ‘AM XIAO’.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-081

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It emerged in Europe in June 2010 when it was reported to the EMCDDA by Latvia, Germany, Finland, Austria and Norway. It is frequently detected in herbal smoking mixtures, often in combination with other synthetic cannabinoids.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-122

A synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in July 2010 by Latvian authorities. It is still present in the market and is often found as a component of herbal smoking mixtures containing multiple synthetic cannabinoids. It has been associated with intoxications in several countries.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-182

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was reported to the EMCDDA in February 2011 by Danish authorities. This is the only report of this substance in the context of the EU Early warning system.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-203

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the phenylacetylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in October 2010 by Latvian authorities. It has been found in bulk powders and in branded herbal smoking blends such as ‘Aura Chrome’ and ‘Jah RUSH’.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-210

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in September 2010 by German authorities and has been detected regularly in bulk powders and in herbal smoking mixtures. Interestingly, it has been detected in herbal cannabis samples.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-250

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the phenylacetylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in October 2009 by the German authorties and has remained in the market since then. It has been detected in bulk powders as well as in branded herbal smoking mixtures such as ‘Jamaican Gold’ and ‘Blast off’, frequently in combination with other synthetic cannabinoids. This substance was critically reviewed by the WHO’s 36th Expert Committee on Drug Dependence in 2014.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-251

A synthetic cannabinoid from the phenylacetylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in February 2011 by German authorities when it was the sole cannabimimetic detected in a branded herbal smoking mixture called ‘Aura Silver’.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-387

A synthetic cannabinoid belonging to the naphthoylindole family. This brominated compound was reported to the EMCDDA in July 2011 by German authorities who detected it in a white powder. This is the only report of this substance in the context of the Early warning system.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-398

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA by the United Kingdom in October 2009 in 3 separate branded products, each time in combination with other cannabimimetic substances. It is not frequently reported to EMCDDA in the context of the EU Early warning system.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-412

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was reported to the EMCDDA in August 2011 by the German authorities, however, it has not been reported by any other countries in the context of the EU Early warning system.

Synthetic cannabinoid RCS-4

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the benzoylindole family. The first formal notification to the EMCDDA was in July 2010 by Hungarian authorities, however, prior to this information had been received from Belarus regarding its detection. It is also known by the codenames ‘NRG-4’ and ‘DD001’. Other substances that have been detected with RCS-4 compounds are phenazepam and alphamethyltryptamine. This substance was critically reviewed by the WHO’s 36th Expert Committee on Drug Dependence in 2014.

Synthetic cannabinoid RCS-4 ortho isomer

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the benzoylindole family. As the name suggests, it is closely related to RCS-4. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in April 2011 when it was detected in a sample of powder seized by Swedish authorities. Other substances that have been detected with RCS-4 compounds are phenazepam and alphamethyltryptamine.

Synthetic cannabinoid RCS-4 (C4)

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the benzoylindole family. As the name suggests, it is closely related to RCS-4, differing only by the length of the alkyl ‘tail’. It was reported to the EMCDDA in June 2011 by Hungarian authorities who detected it in a mixture with RCS-4. Other substances that have been detected with RCS-4 compounds are phenazepam and alphamethyltryptamine.

Synthetic cannabinoid UR-144

A synthetic cannabinoid of the tetramethylcyclopropyl indolyl ketone family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in February 2012 by Finland in a bulk powder and Poland in a branded herbal smoking mixture called ‘Magic Tree’. It acts as a selective agonist of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 and is often found in combination with other cannabimimetics. It is also known by the codenames ‘KM X-1’, ‘TMCP-018’, ‘MN-001’, ‘YX-17’. This substance was critically reviewed by the WHO’s 36th Expert Committee on Drug Dependence in 2014.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-122 pentenyl 2-methylindole derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. Its first and only report to the EMCDDA was in July 2012 when it was detected in the United Kingdom in a sample that contained other cannabimimetic components. It is thought that this substance may be produced during the synthesis of MAM-2201.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-122 pentenyl derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. The first report to the EMCDDA was in July 2012 when it was detected in the United Kingdom in a sample that contained other cannabimimetic components. It is thought that this substance may be produced during the synthesis of MAM-2201.

Synthetic cannabinoid UR-144 (-2H)

A synthetic cannabinoid of the tetramethylcyclopropyl indolyl ketone family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in July 2012 by French authorities in branded herbal smoking mixtures called ‘Fire Ice’, ‘Pulse’, ‘Buzz’ and ‘Tribe’. It is thought that this substance may be produced during the synthesis of 5FUR-144.

Synthetic cannabinoid AB-005

A synthetic cannabinoid of the tetramethylcyclopropyl indolyl ketone family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in November 2012 by German authorities. It was detected in a branded herbal smoking mixture called ‘Star of Fire’. The azepane isomer of AB-005 was also detected in this product.

Synthetic cannabinoid AB-005 azepane isomer

A synthetic cannabinoid of the tetramethylcyclopropyl indolyl ketone family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in November 2012 by German authorities. It was detected in a branded herbal smoking mixture called ‘Star of Fire’ and is thought to be a by-product formed during the production of AB-005 (which was also found in the product).

Synthetic cannabinoid 3-(p-Methoxybenzoyl)-N-methylindole

A synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist belongs to the benzoylindole family. The one and only report of this substance to the EMCDDA is from Austria in February 2012 when it was detected in a branded herbal smoking mixture called ‘Brooker Limited Edition’. It is thought that this substance is a chemical intermediate formed during the production of RCS-4.

Synthetic cannabinoid UR-144 heptyl derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid of the tetramethylcyclopropyl indolyl ketone family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in April 2013 by Swedish authorities who detected it in a sample of white powder. It is thought that this substance will have similar properties to UR-144, as it differs only by the length of the alkyl ‘tail’.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-073

A synthetic cannabinoid belonging to the naphthoylindole family. It was first specifically reported to the EMCDDA by Denmark in March 2009 and has featured prominently in this market since then. It is similar to JWH-018, differing only in the length of the alkyl ‘tail’. It has been found in bulk powders, branded herbal smoking mixtures and also in resinous products. It is a controlled substances in many European countries. This substance was critically reviewed by the WHO’s 36th Expert Committee on Drug Dependence in 2014 and in 2016.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-073 methyl derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid belonging to the naphthoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in April 2010 by German authorities who identified it in a branded herbal smoking mixture called ‘King B’. It is not frequently found, the only other instance being reported by Italian authorities in a sample that also contained JWH-073.

Synthetic cannabinoid 5FUR-144

A synthetic cannabinoid of the tetramethylcyclopropyl indolyl ketone family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA by the Latvian authorities in February 2012. It has been found in the form of bulk powders as well as in herbal smoking mixtures and in resinous products. It is also known by the codename ‘XLR-11’. This substance was critically reviewed by the WHO’s 38th Expert Committee on Drug Dependence in 2016. It has been internationally controlled and will be included in Schedule II of the of the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-694

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the benzoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in July 2010 by the Irish authorities, having been detected in a herbal smoking product called ‘Shamrock’.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-694 ethyl substituted for iodine

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the benzoylindole family. As the name suggests, it is closely related to AM-694. It was reported to the EMCDDA in July 2012 in a sample of herbal smoking mixture from the United Kingdom that contained other derivatives of AM-694 and is thought to be a by-product of attempts at synthetic cannabinoid production.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-694 methyl substituted for iodine

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the benzoylindole family. As the name suggests, it is closely related to AM-694. It was reported to the EMCDDA in July 2012 in a sample of herbal smoking mixture from the United Kingdom that contained other derivatives of AM-694 and is thought to be a by-product of attempts at synthetic cannabinoid production.

Synthetic cannabinoid MAM-2201

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It can be viewed as either a ring-methylated derivative of AM-2201 or an alkyl-fluorinated version of JWH-122. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in June 2011 by authorities in the Netherlands, but is currently a common ingredient of herbal smoking mixtures containing other synthetic cannabinoids. It has been reported to be associated with acute transient psychotic episodes.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-007

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It was reported to the EMCDDA by German authorities in May 2011 having been detected in branded herbal smoking mixtures called “Sence” and “Oceanic Herbs”.

Synthetic cannabinoid EAM-2201

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It can be viewed as either a ring-ethylated derivative of AM-2201 or an alkyl-fluorinated version of JWH-210. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in February 2013 by Swedish authorities in a sample of powder. It has also been detected in herbal smoking mixtures in combination with other synthetic cannabinoids.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-015

A synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It has been reported to the EMCDDA only once, back in July 2010 when it was detected in a branded herbal smoking mixture called ‘Topaz’ by the authorities in Austria. The herbal material was identified as Damiana (Turnera diffusa).

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-694 chloro derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the benzoylindole family. As the name suggests, it is closely related to AM-694. It was reported to the EMCDDA in December 2011 by German authorities who detected it in a branded herbal smoking mixture called ‘Atomic Bomb’. The product also contained the parent molecule AM-694.

Synthetic cannabinoid MAM-2201 chloropentyl derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylindole family. It can be viewed as the alkyl-chlorinated derivative of JWH-122. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in July 2012 in a sample of herbal smoking mixture from the United Kingdom that contained other derivatives of AM-2201 and is thought to be a by-product of attempts at synthetic cannabinoid production.

Synthetic cannabinoid UR-144 N-(5-chloropentyl) derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid of the tetramethylcyclopropyl indolyl ketone family, similar in structure to 5FUR-144. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in December 2012 by Hungarian authorities and subsequently in April 2013 by Croatian authorities. In each case, other cannabinoids were present including 5FUR-144./p>

Synthetic cannabinoid A-796,260

A synthetic cannabinoid of the tetramethylcyclopropyl indolyl ketone family. It is structurally related to UR-144 and to 5FUR-144. It has been reported to the EMCDDA on one occasion by Belgian authorities. It acts as a selective potent agonist of the cannabinoid receptor CB2.

Synthetic cannabinoid WIN 48,098/ Pravadoline

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the benzoylindole family. It was detected in May 2011 by both the German and Polish authorities. It has been found in powders and in herbal smoking mixtures, sometimes in combination with other synthetic cannabinoids. It has been shown to be nephrotoxic in an animal model (dogs).

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-145

A synthetic cannabinoid of the naphthoylpyrrole family. It was reported to the EMCDDA in March 2013 by German authorities who detected it in a herbal smoking mixture also containing other (related) synthetic cannabinoids such as JWH-307 and JWH-030.

Synthetic cannabinoid AM-2233

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the benzoylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in August 2011 by Finnish authorities after it was detected in a seizure of white powder. It has also been detected in herbal smoking mixtures, on its own and in combination with other synthetic cannabinoids.

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the phenylacetylindole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in March 2011 by Polish authorities. It was found in combination with JWH-122 in twenty herbal smoking mixtures such as ‘Red Mercury’, ‘Aztec Thunder’, ‘Zen Ultra’ and ‘Zephyr’.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-307

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylpyrrole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in August 2011 by authorities in Finland. It was detected in a seizure of powder. It has since been detected in several countries in various herbal smoking blends and in combination with other synthetic cannabinoids.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-307 bromine derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylpyrrole family. It was reported to the EMCDDA in March 2013 by German authorities who detected it in a herbal smoking mixture also containing other (related) synthetic cannabinoids such as JWH-307 and JWH-030.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-368

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylpyrrole family. It was reported to the EMCDDA by Latvian authorities in February 2013 after it was detected in a bulk quantity of herbal mixture which also contained AM-2201.

Synthetic cannabinoid JWH-370

A synthetic cannabinoid that belongs to the naphthoylpyrrole family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in February 2012 by Finnish authorities who detected it in a small sample of powder.

AM-6527 5F derivative

A synthetic cannabinoid of the naphthyl indolecarboxamide family. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in November 2013 when it was found in a herbal mixture with AM-6527 and MAM-2201.

AM-1248 azepane isomer

A synthetic cannabinoid belonging to the adamantoylindole family. Reported to hte EMCDDA in September 2013, it is thought to be a by-product formed during the production of AM-1248.

MDMB-CHMICA

An indolecarboxamide that contains a cyclohexylmethyl group. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in September 2014 by the Hungarian focal point when it was detected in a seizure of herbal material. MDMB-CHMICA has been associated with non-fatal intoxications and deaths in Europe. In July 2016, MDMB-CHMICA was risk-assessed by the EMCDDA and subsequently controlled throughout the EU, as of February 2017. The substance has been internationally controlled and will be placed in Schedule II of the of the UN 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

AB-PINACA

AB-PINACA is an indazolecarboxamide which is structurally related to Apinaca. This compound has also been identified in products sold in Japan. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in May 2013 by Sweden, when it was detected in an herbal mixture seized that also contained 5F-AKB48.

ADB-FUBINACA

ADB-FUBINACA is an indazolecarboxamide. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in November 2013 by the Turkish focal point. It was detected in herbal material seized containing also AB-PINACA and ADBICA. In 2015, tablets containing ADB-FUBINACA were associated with non-fatal intoxications in Hungary.

ADB-PINACA

ADB-PINACA is an an indazolecarboxamide which is structurally related to Apinaca. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in November 2013 by the United Kingdom focal point. ADB-PINACA was associated with an outbreak of non-fatal intoxications in the United States in September 2013.

AB-CHMINACA

AB-CHMINACA is an indazolecarboxamide. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in April 2014 by the Latvian focal point. AB-CHMINACA was detected in a seizure of plastic bags containing herbal material. The EMCDDA is monitoring intensively this substance.

ADB-CHMINACA

ADB-CHMINACA, also known as MAB-CHMINACA, is an indazolecarboxamide. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in September 2014 by the Hungarian focal point when it was detected in a seizure of powder. ADB-CHMINACA was associated with an outbreak of intoxications, including deaths, in the United States in 2015. The EMCDDA is monitoring intensively this substance.

5F-MDMB-PINACA

5F-MDMB-PINACA, also known as 5F-ADB, is an indazolecarboxamide. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in January 2015 by the Hungarian FP when it was detected in a seizure of powder. 5F-MDMB-PINACA has been associated with serious adverse events in Europe. The EMCDDA is monitoring intensively this substance.

MDMB-FUBINACA

MDMB-FUBINACA is an indazolecarboxamide. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in January 2016 by the Hungarian FP when it was detected in a seizure of powder. Products containing MDMB-FUBINACA in the Russian Federation were associated with an outbreak of serious adverse events in 2014.

CUMYL-4CN-BINACA

CUMYL-4CN-BINACA, also known as SGT-78, is an indazolecarboxamide that contains a cumyl group. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in February 2016 by the Hungarian FP when it was detected in a seizure of herbal material. CUMYL-4CN-BINACA has been associated with deaths in Europe. The EMCDDA is monitoring intensively this substance.

MO-CHMINACA

MO-CHMINACA, also known as MO-AMB, is an indazolecarboxamide, which is structurally related to MDMB-CHMICA. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in December 2016 by the Swedish focal point when it was detected in two biological samples.

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No additional information on this cannabinoid is currently available. We are in the process of updating our information base and this should be available shortly.

About the EMCDDA

The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is the reference point on drugs and drug addiction information in Europe. Inaugurated in Lisbon in 1995, it is one of the EU’s decentralised agencies. Read more >>