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Tuesday, July 23, 2013

Why does the universe have fewer dwarf galaxies which should?

Turn and shoot the
Question: "What about the sun?". "He went to sleep," his
mother answered thinking an explanation that satisfies the curiosity of his
three years. "He night," says halfway between the statement and the
question and question again looking at the sky: "What about the moon? In
these sentences, little seems to sum up, with its childlike simplicity-the
concerns, from primitive man to the present day, led mankind to observe the sky
for answers to many questions.

That search continues
and becomes increasingly complex features, as astronomers are finding some
explanations. One of the current problems trying to resolve the Astronomy and
carrying more than a decade without a solution is that the theoretical models
predict the existence of thousands of dwarf galaxies in the universe, but
astronomical observations only displayed a few dozen. This contradiction was
established in 1999 as the "problem of missing galaxies".

Alejandro
Benitez-Llambay and Mario Abadi, scientists at the Institute of Theoretical and
Experimental Astronomy (UNC-CONICET) and the Astronomical Observatory of
Cordoba (UNC), both in Argentina, together with colleagues from Germany,
Israel, Canada and Spain, proposed an innovative explanation.

In short, astronomers
propose that during development, these dwarf galaxies densely crossed dust and
gas in the universe, in that process lost the gas needed to form stars, and
that stopped growing. How lost their gas? "For the friction that occurs between
two gaseous media that move through each other", explains Benítez-Llambay.

By definition, galaxies
have a thousand million stars. The "dwarf", however, have just ten to
a hundred billion stars in its interior. The Argentine scientists work focused
on the latter, particularly those which are scattered in the universe without
gravitational relationship with the Milky Way.

The study involved
making a virtual universe. In a supercomputer located in Spain, we simulated
the evolution of a sector of the universe, from the Big Bang to the present,
something like 13,700 million years. The software should solve the equations
worked several months. The idea was to "compress" the life of the
universe and could look under the animation format.

This enabled them to
observe that although the universe emerged from a starting point where the
distribution of matter was homogeneous, eventually began to show small
irregularities or "lumps" where the gravitational force (attraction)
was greater than the expansion. These singularities were isolating themselves
and becoming denser. Thus were formed the stars and then galaxies.

The fact is that
galaxies were formed in a privileged region of high density. Some of them,
isolated and still in embryonic stages, crossed the area of ​​high
concentration of dust and gas, and "friction generated wind tunnel blew
them all the gas," explains Mario Abadi.

"If you look indetail (simulated) are galaxies and a kind of tails, like comets. They left a
trail. They passed through this area of ​​high density and all its equipment
was stolen. Longer term, the consequence is that these galaxies were stripped
of all the gas, the fuel needed to create stars. Failed to form the stars and
was what I call 'galaxies frustrates' because they never become such, "he
adds.

This would explain why
theoretically expected the existence of a number of galaxies and are reallyonly a few.

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