Bologna Process standards

Is there a single model for either first or second cycle (bachelor’s and master’s) programs within the European Higher Education Area? In other words, are there standards for degree programs, courses taken to earn degrees, or numbers of credits needed to earn a particular degree?

In short, no. While the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) stipulates that a bachelor’s degree consists of 180-240 credits, Bologna Process member countries are allowed a flexible approach in determining the length and scope of their own degree programs. Individual institutions within the BP member countries may create degree programs which vary within the ECTS parameters. For example, at the University of Helsinki, a bachelor’s degree consists of 180 ECTS credits and is completed in three years. However, at Finnish polytechnic institutions – universities of applied sciences – a bachelor’s degree requires 210-270 ECTS credits and lasts between 3.5-4 years.
I would also add that the ECTS defines one year of full-time study as 60 credits, while one semester’s work is equal to 30 credits. 20 credits are issued for one trimester. ECTS further equates 60 credits with an approximate workload of 1500 hours, or about 25 student work hours per credit. Faculties at institutions of higher learning assign credits to courses accordingly.