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4 Answers
4

Wikitravel.org has some ideas, which I've collected and grouped together below. It covers mainly respect, religion, clothing, and advice for women.

Italy has a reputation for being warm and welcoming and Italians are
uncommonly friendly and laid back, as well as very used to interacting
with foreigners. If you are polite and civil you should have no
problems, but don't expect that the average Italian speaks or even
understands English (except for young people). Also, it is not typical
in Italy for people to introduce themselves to newcomers: you will
have to introduce yourself to others. It is not rude but is just not
the custom.

Italians greet friends with two light kisses on the cheek. Males do,
too. To avoid ending up kissing on the lips note that you first move
to the right (kiss the other person on their left cheek) and then to
the left. Even if you're merely acquaintances, this form of greeting
is usual, both on arrival and departure. When groups are splitting up,
expect big delays as everyone kisses everyone else. On first
introduction a handshake is usual, although not necessarily the firm
businesslike shake other nationalities may be used to.

In general, when joining or leaving a group, you will shake hands
individually with (or kiss, depending on the level of familiarity)
each member of the group. In the South, it is considered bad luck for
four people to shake hands (two and two) at the same time, forming a
cross. You will see Italians, especially older ones, pull back from a
handshake and wait to shake your hand until the other handshake is
finished, to avoid this.

If your cultural reserve makes you feel uncomfortable with this, don't
worry too much. The British in particular have a reputation for being
reserved, so you can always play up to this expectation, and Italians
will understand you don't mean to be rude. Handshakes are also
accepted greetings, and some Italians will kiss compatriots and offer
their hand to the awkward Brit.

To make friends, it's a good idea to pay some compliments. Most
Italians still live in their town of origin and feel far more strongly
about their local area than they do about Italy in general. Tell them
how beautiful their town/lake/village/church is and possibly add how
much you prefer it to Rome/Milan/other Italian towns. Residents can be
fonts of knowledge regarding their local monuments and history, and a
few questions will often produce interesting stories.

It's important not to judge people in return by their choice of
clothing. Styles do not necessarily carry the same connotations in
Italy that they would in Britain or some other countries. A woman in
fishnets, stilettos, miniskirt and full makeup at eight in the morning
is probably just going to work in a bank. Almost all youths lounge
about in skin-tight tee-shirts and casually-knotted knitwear (and are
very perplexed by the response they get when they take their sense of
style and grooming to a less 'sophisticated' climate).

Sometimes, clothing rules are written. To visit a church or religious
site you will need to cover yourself up; no bare backs, chests,
shoulders and sometimes no knees. Sometimes museums and other
attractions can also be strict; no bathing costumes, for example. If
you want to visit a church or religious site it's a good idea to take
something to cover yourself up with; for example a jumper or large
scarf. Some churches supply cover-ups, such as sarongs are loaned to
men with shorts so that they can modestly conceal their legs. Even
where there are no written rules, it's worth noting that bare chests
and large expanses of sunburnt skin are unacceptable away from beaches
or sunbathing areas, whatever the temperature is.

Sexual harassment is not regarded in the same way in Italy as in
English-speaking countries. The general atmosphere is pretty loose,
and women should be prepared for attention. However, the tone of this
'attention' is generally less aggressive than you may have read and
seen in movies. Men may call out compliments such as 'bella'
(beautiful) or, if you are lucky, 'bellissima' (incredibly beautiful),
as they did in the 1950s and 1960s. Bear in mind that this is still a
macho country and one until recently led by a man (Silvio Berlusconi)
who is famous for his associations with women. Men and women should
therefore expect to hear people saying things that would be considered
very offensive in other parts of Europe and North America.

Anyway, culturally, these comments are not seen as harassment; if you
respond angrily, everyone will be very surprised. Whereas women of
other nationalities may be used to telling strangers (in no uncertain
terms) to shut up and go away, in Italy, the norm is to ignore the
attention. In any case, responding in English or in imperfect Italian
will only encourage more attention. Do as the Italian women do, and
sail past with your head held high. If you avoid eye contact and don't
respond, you are extremely unlikely to be pursued or hassled further.

One of my guidebooks said "be sure to ask for the bill, they aren't going to bother you by bringing it over to you when they think you're done." Yet every time we asked for the bill it turned out it was already tucked under a saucer or plate that had been delivered to us. Coffee or dessert or whatever. So be alert to the possibility and look for tiny slips of paper (like a convenience store receipt) being delivered with your food.

...or they have still to bring it over, or they have still to write it down. There is not a general rule. On a not wholly unrelated note, remember that the “ricevuta fiscale” (the official receipt, not just any old paper scrap) is compulsory by law, for them to give to the customers, and for the customers to demand.
–
DaGJan 21 '12 at 19:50

1

@KateGregory Generally speaking in european countries, the waiter will never bring the bill until you ask for it. If the waiter gave you the bill without you asking that is deemed very rude. I think in USA its different, they give you the bill straight away so that you eat and leave quickly, so that the table maybe used for the next customer.
–
SimonMay 28 '13 at 13:56

@Simon You're not wrong, and that's what my guidebooks said, but my experience on an actual Italy trip was that it was always already on the table when I asked for it
–
Kate GregoryMay 28 '13 at 18:12

@KateGregory Yes it wouldnt surprise me, another example is if you are in a smaller cafe/restaurant in the UK, you may well be asked to pay as soon as you order. But generally you eat, enjoy & soak up the atmosphere, and ask for the bill as and when you like, (its your right, you are paying for it).
–
SimonMay 28 '13 at 18:43

First of all there are quite a few gestures you should master in order to understand Italians.
Here is a nice picture of the most importants:

[A note about the first gesture "What? (Where) (Why)": if you do that with a angry face it means something like: "What the f*** do you want?". It's not particularly nice. So, in order to really mean "What?" try to rise your eyebrows emulating a surprised facial expression]

You have to understand that Italians use to think that these gestures are known in every single part of the World, no one doubt it, not even remotely and that means you are expected to be fluent in Italian gestures. Be prepared. Once I was visiting San Gimignano, and on the bus a Japanese couple was taking a crazy amount of pictures. An Italian man, very proud of his country, said something like "Bello, vero?" [It's nice, isn't it?]. He soon realized the Japanese couple didn't know Italian so he resorted to (what he tought was) the universal language: the "good" gesture in the picture above. For his great surprise they didn't seem to understand it either so he walked away very disappointed saying "Giapponesi..." (Japanese..).

Tip

Unlike the States you are not expected to tip the waiter/taxi drivers/wathever. You can obviously do that but it's not a must like it is in the USA. Doing it is much appreciated but it means you received a service way beyond your best expectations.

Greetings

When you first meet someone a shake of hand is all you have to do. On the other side, if you start hanging out with friends more consistently you are expected to double kiss the cheeks. I would say that in the North a male only kiss women and shake hand with other men while the girls kiss other girls too. In the South everyone kiss everyone, so it's easier. Here, again, Italians are not aware of the fact that in other countries this isn't the standard so they will probably just go ahead and kiss you in the first place. Don't be scared, this usually doesn't mean they want "more" from you. If you know what I mean.
Refusing this kiss would just make them think you are a little weird.

Driving

Driving isn't as crazy as most Americans tend to think. Don't expect to find a semaphore at every intersection and you will be good to go. Ah, here you can't EVER turn right while red (even tho you will see a lot of people doing it anyway).

MEAL CUSTOMS

Italians usually eat sweet foods for breakfast as opposed to savoy foods. They don't fry hashbrowns with a crazy amount of butter, they don't scramble eggs and cook bacon. They just have an espresso or a cappuccino with a croissant.
Also, dinner is usually eaten a lot later than it is in the States. Don't go to a restaurant before 19:30 or 20. 20:30 is the most common hour (the bigger cities in Northern Italy usually have dinner a little earlier than this).