California has adopted this program, which permits cities and counties to purchase or generate electricity for residents and businesses located within their boundaries, taking over from a privately-owned utility.

​“A CCA poses large risks to the city, which could jeopardize its financial stability and its ability to meet other funding priorities. This risk is particularly problematic in that the CCA is unlikely to achieve its objectives in terms of renewable energy, rate savings for customers, or economic benefits,” according to the study released earlier this week.