Solar photovoltaics is the field of research and technology related to the use of solar panels as an energy source. In solar photovoltaics (PV) systems, consisting of groups of solar cells in solar panels, sunlight is converted to electricity. These cells don't need direct sunlight to work - they can still generate some electricity on a cloudy day.

Solar PV is used primarily for grid-connected electricity to operate residential appliances, commercial equipments, lighting and air conditioning for all types of buildings. Through stand-alone systems and the use of batteries, it is also well suited for remote regions where there is no electricity source.