6
Lisbon Declaration 2000 'A new strategic goal needs to be defined for the next ten years: to make the European Union the world's most dynamic and competitive area, based on innovation and knowledge, able to boost economic growth levels with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion.‘

8
Employment rates 1997-2008 Source: Employment in Europe 2009 Scandinavian states and the UK are high employment societies

9
High employment societies Who works l Women (full or part-time) l Older people (full or part-time) l Students (part-time) Requirements l Flexible labour markets Employers can offer part-time and/or temporary work l Non-domestic caring work Care for children and older people cared for outside the household unit By the market or by public systems l Individualised tax and benefit system (No advantages for staying at home) Two different versions l Social democratic (Scandinavian) – state services, best for ordinary women Liberal and market (UK, USA) – market services, best for elite women

10
Forms of women’s participation l Low employment countries (Italy) have little part-time work l Countries with high part-time rates have very different forms of participation l Deregulated labour markets = ‘bad’ jobs? Women part time as % all female employment Hours worked: difference- households with and without children Marginal part-time as % all dependent employees France29.49 Germany36.4*-3.318 Italy16.9+28 Sweden33.1+0.16 UK43.9-621 EU1533.5-3.4**14** Women at work c2005

12
Good and bad flexibility? l Both UK and Denmark appear highly flexible and have high employment – but in different ways l In the UK: »Flexibility on employers’ terms »Bad jobs and/or poverty? l In Denmark (also to some extent Sweden) »‘Flexicurity’ »Flexibility also for employees »Easy dismissal but high social protection »High spending on training and ‘activation’ (counselling etc) »‘Protect the worker not the job’

About project

Feedback

To ensure the functioning of the site, we use cookies. We share information about your activities on the site with our partners and Google partners: social networks and companies engaged in advertising and web analytics. For more information, see the Privacy Policy and Google Privacy &amp Terms.
Your consent to our cookies if you continue to use this website.