The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China, Class 10 History - NCERT Answers and CBSE Guide for India and the Contemporary World II

The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China

Class
10 NCERT History Chapter 2, India and the Contemporary World II

NCERT
Answers - CBSE Guide - NCERT Solutions

Notes and Terms

Indentured Labour: Contractual labourers with no
specific rights who worked in the plantations in the mid 19th century.

Civilising Mission: Western countries considered
themselves to be an advanced civilisation.
They thought it was their duty to introduce modern ideas to the
uncivilised or barbaric cultures of the world.
This is called the civilising mission. The French were driven by the
civilising mission idea in Vietnam.

Concentration Camps: A prison where people were detained illegally and subjected to
torture.

Napalm: An organic compound used in fibre bombs. The mixture burns
slowly when it comes into contact with human body. It sticks and continues to
burn.

Domino Effect: The policy of Domino Effect evolved out of US fear for the
spread of communism. The US believed that if Vietnam became a communist
country, its neighbouring countries would be influenced by it and would all
become communists.

Syncretic Traditions: A tradition that brings together different beliefs and practices
by seeing their unity and not their difference.

Discuss

Question
1: What does 1902 plague and the measures to control it tell us about the
French colonial attitude towards questions of health and hygiene?

Answer:
The French colonial attitude towards questions of health and hygiene was
totally irresponsible and unacceptable by any standards.

Question
2: What ideas did Phan Boi Chau and Phan Chu Trinh share in common? What did
they differ on?

Answer: Both, Phan Boi Chau and Phan
Chu Trinh wanted to uproot French colonial government from Vietnam. They wanted
to free their motherland but their idea have common as well as contradictory
elements.

Ideas in
common:

Both wanted to free their
motherland.

Both believed in Nationalist ideals

Ideas that
differed:

Chan had anti-French alliance with elite
classes of Vietnam and China. He even set up a revolutionary society with
a prince as its head. On the contrary Trinh always opposed alliance with
monarchy or the elite classes.

Chau was inclined towards Chinese culture while
Trinh was inclined towards ideals of French revolution such as liberty and
was in favour of western culture.

Chau never appreciated or demanded reform of
legal, educational or agricultural spheres, as was done by French. Trin
wished that these fields should be reformed by the French authorities.

NCERT answers of Class 10 History Chapter
2, Exercise Questions

Question
1: Write a note on:

(a) What
was meant by the 'Civilising Mission' of the colonisers.

(b) Huynh
Phu So

Answer (a): French colonisation was
not only based on economic exploitation but was also driven by their
self-granted idea of 'Civilising Mission'.
The 'Civilising Mission' of the colonisers was another method in disguise
for controlling colonies. European powers considered themselves to be an
advanced civilisation. They thought that it was their duty to spread modern
ideas and their civilisation around the world, even if this was done by force.

Like
British in India, the French were driven by the 'Civilising
Mission' idea in Vietnam. In the name of 'Civilising Mission' they tried to
destroy the indigenous cultures, traditions and religion. So, the 'Civilising
Mission' was often criticised for having double standards and adverse effects.

Answer (b):
Huynh Phu So was a Buddhist religious scholar who was a native of Mekong river
delta. He launched Hoa Hao Movement which drew on religious ideas popular in
anti-French uprisings of the 19th century. He was a great social reformer as he
opposed the sale of child brides, gambling and the use of alcohol and opium.

Huynh Phu
So had to face huge trouble when he began to spread his ideas of his religion
because most of his followers were Vietnamese nationalists. The colonial
government declared him mad, named him the Mad Bronze and kept him in a mental
asylum. The French authorities exiled him to Laos in 1941 and sent mammy of his
followers to concentration camps.

Question
2: Explain the following:

(a) Only
one-third of the students in Vietnam would pass the school-leaving
examinations.

(b) The
French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta.

(c) The
government made the Saigon Native Girls School take back the students it had
expelled.

(d) Rats
were most common in the modern, newly built areas of Hanoi.

Answer (a): Only one-third of the students would pass the school leaving
examinations because more number of qualified Vietnamese students will give
competitions to French students in well-paid jobs. This, the colonial French
government never wanted to happen and so they used to deliberately fail a high
number of Vietnamese students to prevent their entry in good employment.

Answer
(b): Mekong delta was world famous because of its rice production as it was a
fertile delta land. French government made huge profits by exporting rice
produced in Mekong delta. Therefore, to expand rice producing cultivated area,
canals and draining lands were built in the Mekong delta.

Answer
(c): The expelled students issue had snowballed into a great protest. This made
French government bow down to the pressure of Vietnamese and it ordered Saigon
Native Girls School to take back the students it had expelled.

Answer
(d): Rats bred in thousand of numbers in the underground sewer pipelines of the
modern, newly built area of Hanoi as these pipelines provided the ideal and
protected breeding grounds for rats. Hanoi, despite its modernity, became the
chief cause of plague in 1903. The sewers also served as a great transport
system, allowing the rats to move around the city without any problem.

Question
3: Describe the ideas behind the Tonkin Free School. To what extent was it a
typical example of colonial ideas in Vietnam?

Answer:
The main idea behind the Tonkin Free
School was the “Civilising Mission”. French colonial government decided to
teach French and science philosophy and the western culture, in the French
medium and hence, the Tonkin Free School came up.

Tonkin Free School used to teach and follow biased
curriculum that ridiculed Vietnamese culture. They looked down at the
Vietnamese people as “Skilled Copyists”, one who has only manual power rather
than intellectual power.

Tonkin Free School also promoted western culture by
modern lifestyle as it was compulsory for every Vietnamese student to have modern
dress and short hair style. This, according to schools, would give a feeling of
modernization to the students.

In fact, the Tonkin Free School was an extreme
example of imposing colonial ideas in Vietnam.

Question
4: What was Phan Chu Trinh's objective for Vietnam? How were his ideas
different from those of Phan Boi Chau?

Answer: Phan Chu Trinh was a nationalist who wanted
to free Vietnam from France. He had an objective to continue all progressive
activities initiated by the French in the democratic republic which he wanted
to establish.

Phan Boi Chou was
inclined towards Chinese culture. He also wanted to free Vietnam from France but, he was in favour of
establishing Chinese traditional rule and system in Vietnam. Chou tried to win
freedom with the help of monarchy and Vietnamese elite.

On the
contrary, Trinh was against monarchy and opposed taking help of monarchy or
Vietnamese elite in the freedom struggle.

Discuss

Question
1: With reference to what you have read in this chapter (The Nationalist
Movement in Indo-China) discuss the influence of China on Vietnam's culture and
life.

Answer: Vietnam was
ruled by Chinese dynasties for a long period before France could colonize it.
For this simple reason, the Chinese culture had a sizeable influence on the
Vietnamese culture and lifestyle. For example,

Chinese religion Confucianism was practiced in
Vietnam along with Buddhism and other local religious practices.

In
the ancient times women like Trung sisters and Trieu Au fought against
Chinese rule. This gave the Vietnamese an idea of fighting strategies
against their enemies. The deeds and actions of these women also inspired
many nationalists of 20th century in Vietnam.

Moved
by the success of communism in China Ho Chi Minh, a great nationalist of
Vietnam, adopted communism for his freedom struggle against French.

Question
2: What was the role of religious
groups in the development of anti-colonial feeling in Vietnam?

Answer:
Vietnam’s religious beliefs were a more
of Buddhism mixed with Confucianism and some local religious practices. Religious
groups played an important role in the development of anti-colonial feeling in
Vietnam. The anti-French religious movement Hoa Hao was a burning example of
this. Led by Huynh Phu So in 1939, this movement had many followers.

The Scholars Revolt of 1868 was also an anti-French,
anti-Christianity movement which successfully mobilized many Vietnamese against
French. The revolutionaries killed thousands of Catholics in Ngu An and Ha Tien
provinces.

Although French crushed all such uprisings, yet
nobody could ever underestimate the significance of these movements or in the
role of religious groups in raising anti-colonial sentiments in Vietnam.

Question
3: Explain the causes of the US involvement in the war in Vietnam. What effect
did this involvement have on life within the US itself?

Answer: In 1965, the USA intervened
in Vietnam due to the following reasons:

First
and foremost was the fear of the spread of communism in Vietnam. US regarded
the spread of communism a great danger to the capitalist countries. US were
ready to fight against communism in any part of the world. So, when communism
showed its head in Vietnam, she at once came forward to check it.

The
second reason of US involvement in Vietnam was the humiliation that France had
to face in Vietnam. Being the leader of capitalist countries, US wanted to
crush Vietnam at all costs to save the prestige of capitalist countries.

The
Geneva conference had divided Vietnam into two parts - North Vietnam and South
Vietnam. When the Ho-Chi-Minh-government in North Vietnam and National
Liberation Front tried to unify the two parts of Vietnam in the violation of
Geneva conference, US could not tolerate this and declared to intervene in
Vietnam.

Effect
of this involvement on USA:

Even
though US had advanced technology and a brilliant army, ultimately they had
to bow before the determination, courage and patriotic spirit of the
Vietnamese people.

Eventually,
US lost their prestige as they failed to achieve their objectives.

More
than forty seven thousand people died in the battle and more than three
lakh were wounded.

Many
were critical of the government policy that they saw it as indefensible.
The US media and films played a major role in criticizing the war.

Question
4: Write an evaluation of the Vietnamese war against the US from the point of

(a) a
porter on the Ho Chi Minh tail

(b) a woman
soldier.

It’s not important from exam point of
view.

Rather you must study our CBSE
sample and CBSE Guess questions with solutions on this chapter - The
Nationalist Movement in Indo-China - Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) -To be published soon

Question
5: What ease the role of women in the anti-imperial struggle in Vietnam?
Compare this with the role of women in the Nationalist struggle in India.

Answer:

Role of women in the anti-imperial struggle in
Vietnam :

The women of Vietnam played an
important role in the anti-imperialist struggle in Vietnam. The ancient legend
of heroic Vietnamese women like Trung sister and Trieu Au inspired many of 20th
century Vietnamese nationalists.

They worked as porters and carried 25
kilos of food or war materials on their backs.They nursed wounded and dug tunnels to
save their army from imperialistic powers.

As many as 1.5 million women worked in
the army. They neutralized thousand s of bombs and helped to shot down many
enemy planes.

They kept open many strategic roads
and guarded key points. Without their sacrifice and heroic involvement, the
fate of Vietnamese struggle for independence would have been quite different
and difficult.

Women were represented not only as
warriors but also as workers. They were shown with a rifle in one hand and a
hammer in the other. Whether young or old, women began to be depicted as
selflessly working and fighting to save their country.

Role of Indian women
in the Nationalist struggle in India
:

The women’s
participation in India’s National Freedom struggle was not less than the
Vietnamese women. There is no doubt that the Vietnamese women showed great
heroism and patriotism, but we cannot forget the role of Rani Laxmi Bai, Rani
Begam Hazrat Mahal, Sarojini Naidu, Kanaklata
Barua, Matangani Hazra, Bina Das, Kadambini Ganguly, Pritilata Waddedar, Rani
Rashmoni Roy, Kasturba Gandhi, Aruna Asif Ali, Annie Besant, Sucheta
Kripalani and many women with exceptional bravery and intelligence who walked
shoulder to shoulder with men of their times during Swadeshi Aandolan, Quit
India Movement etc. How can we ever forget the great heroism shown by a small
girl of only 13 years named Quees Gaidnilieu. She was a brave Heroine of
Nagaland raised the standard of revolt against the foreign rule. Her braveness
was so high that the British had to capture this little girl patriot and sentenced
her to life imprisonment.

Must Study

CBSE
sample and CBSE Guess questions with solutions on this chapter - The
Nationalist Movement in Indo-China - Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) - Keep watching this page - to be published soon