Sebastian:The fact that the F9 key brights up the screen of your computer is surely due to the immense power of our E-Cat in operation here: electromagnetic waves get loose in the space and you never know where the heck they go… ( he,he,he).About your questions:1- important replications have already been published, I suppose more are on their way, but a massive “replication” will be made when the E-Cats will be on the shelf ( F9).2- about 1.53- it depends; the efficiency of a plant in operation in the factory of a Customer, obviously, is measured by calorimetry, because Customers want heat for their production and they measure the heat they get at their point of utilization: they are not at all interested to the science, they want heat at a price lower than with alternative systems; for a laboratory experiment IR measurements have the advantage to be direct, not depending from the efficiency of heat exchangers, but, for example, Dr Alexander Parkhomov has replicated my effect measuring by calorimetry; power analyzers are anyway necessary to measure the energy consumed.Warm Regards,A.R.Steven N. KarelsAugust 30th, 2015 at 12:15 PM

Dear Andrea Rossi,

I am much concerned and very confused on the reported operation of the eCat above the melting point of nickel. Much of the LENR theory deals with the effect of a material structure (e.g. Nuclear Active Environments – ref Storms) which goes away if the materials are all in a molten or gaseous state. Can you address this concern?

a. In the reported high temperature eCat operation, are all the active components (fuel and catalyst) in a molten or gaseous state?b. Is another type of catalyst or structure present, such as the enclosure(s), that provides the NAE?c. Any other concepts or explanations that you can share regarding this issue?Andrea RossiAugust 30th, 2015 at 1:43 PM

This paper gives an explanation of the experimental results carried out in the LLC
"New Inflow" with low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR), accompanied by the transmutation of
chemical elements with the release of additional heat. The explanation is based on the ether theory of
elementary particles, developed in recent years in LLC "New Inflow."
Keywords: LENR, ether, electron, proton, neutron, hydrogen atom.

Our Brazlian friend Daniel Rocha has sai that LENR is like photosynthesis that is complex and multi-stage; Mother Nature has to answer why She was not able to find a simpler, more rational and unique solution. "Mamma tu sei Matrigna" would Italians say.

Sunday, August 30, 2015

MOTTOI believe in work, hard work, and long hours of work. Men do not breakdown from overwork, but from worry and dissipation. (Charles Evans Hughes)

The friends of LENR truth are my friends: the case of Belgian cold fusion patents killed by authorities and the priority of cold fusion=catalysis idea.Coincidence and/or convergence:Yesterday evening I have received a message from Ron Kita who has helped EGO OUT constantly and has inspired me many times. Ron wrote: " I see that the circa 1991 Bogaert Patent from Belgium cites Nickel'"and has appended the link:Belgian LANR Patents

https://ecatsite.wordpress.com/2012/02/27/belgian-lanr-patents/ Mea culpa, till now I has not investigated this case. Probable reasons: a bit of senility, over-focusing on my own heretic ideas and my conviction that the solutions of LENR problems are in the future not the past. In this case. I am in deep error.

This morning I have received an email from the admirably cultural and encyclopedic LENR author Gregory Goble- entitled: Belgium and Dry Cell LENR 1989

This article puts the problem in a larger context and also extracts the deeper significance of the ideas of this pioneer inventor, Joannes Van Den Bogaert who was fast In understanding the Otherness of Cold Fusion. It is not rational to discuss the three patents now in the same manner as say US 9.115.913 of Andrea Rossi . Patents breed patents and with each new patent the ideas become more realistic and pragmatic. With killing the Van Den Bogaert patents and (what is obvious, NOT supporting his experimental efforts) the Belgian authorities have closed a Way and science-technology has lost an opportunity. This researcher had the bright intuition that PdD wet is NOT the solution very early. See please the list :"items found" in Gregory's article.

Joannes Van Den Bogaert has used "catalytic cold fusion" even earlier than me

however his interpretation of catalysis is different from mine and he does not speak explicitly about "active sites"

First of all he is a great LENR thinker and what we have to do is to invite him to join the great LENR Family.

Kenko1:More than licensing, we are now focused on manufacturing, which will be the next step ( F9). The 64 patents I am working upon are part of a complex IP protection that anyway will not affect the manufacturing scheduling, also because we will reach a so high level of economy scale that our competitors will not have any convenience to make reverse engineering, also considering that the US patent allowed does not leave much room under the process and apparatus point of view. We can proceed independently from the patents that are pending and the patents that will be applied for for the time being. Again, provided the results of the R&D and tests on course will reach positive results: our disclaimer related to the fact that the final results could be negative is still valid.Warm Regards,A.R.

Saturday, August 29, 2015

MOTTOBetter a diamond with a flaw than a pebble without. (Confucius)Nothing can have value without being an object of utility. (Karl Marx)(dear Karl, this depends on how you define "utility"!)

NOTE. I apologize for calling WO 2015/127263 a PATENT in my blog issue of yesterday, it is a patent application

I have serious problems with axiology- my personal axiology; being too many years out of the capitalist system and having an unsolvable but very expensive problems with my ill son- I decayed to zero understanding for symbolic values. I would exchange Luciano Pavarotti's comb for a towel, despite my great admiration for his voice. I am collecting only quotations, papers, and books- all in electronic form. If it happens I become suddenly very rich, I would simply join the legions of billionaires

investing in LENR- but not in the PdD based type.

Today, investigating how Rossi's patent helps the penetration of LENR in the press

and not more in a Cinderella status- I am re-thinking what I know about value and perceived value.

Prof. David H Bailey ( Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory- Ret.- and University of Davis, California)Prof. Jonathan M. Borwein ( University of Newcastle, Australia, Math laureate)Thank you for your unbiased and very intelligent article on LENR published by the Huffington Post.I am making my daily 16 hours inside the 1 MW plant in operation inside the factory of a Customer and your honest, unbiased and well informed article has given solace to my work, that I hope will be useful for something.I do not know if at the end of this year of R&D and tests on course we will have positive or negative results, but I know that if we will have positive results the merit will be also of your encouragement.Warm Regards,A.R..

Nucleation is the first step in the formation of a new crystalline structure via self-assembly or self-organization. Nucleation is typically defined to be the process that determines how long an observer has to wait before the new phase or self-organized structure appears.

The probability that nucleation will begin is very sensitive to impurities present in the system. Because of this, it is often important to distinguish between heterogeneous nucleation and homogeneous nucleation. Heterogeneous nucleation occurs at nucleation sites on surfaces in the system. Homogenous nucleation occurs away from a surface. Rydberg matter formation begins with heterogeneous nucleation that occurs on a surface that hydrogen faces.

Nucleation is a stochastic process where random factors dominate. No two identical systems are identical so nucleation will occur at different times and at different rates.] This behavior is similar to radioactive decay. nucleation theory predicts that the time you have to wait for nucleation decreases extremely rapidly when supersaturated. Supersaturation implies that a solution of more than one element and/or compound and/or their associated phases are present in a mixture and the state of this solution contains more of the dissolved material than could be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances. It can also refer to a vapor of a compound that has a higher (partial) pressure than the vapor pressure of that compound.

For example, hydrogen and lithium can exist in a supersaturated mixture where hydrogen and/or lithium and/or lithium hydride can nucleate nanoparticles of hydrogen, lithium, and/or lithium hydride. The generation of nanoparticles in a gas mixture is responsive to the manipulation of the supersaturating condition of the gas mixture.

Special conditions need to be met in order to generate a supersaturated solution. One of the easiest ways to do this relies on the temperature dependence of solubility. As a general rule, the more heat is added to a system, the more soluble a substance becomes. (There are exceptions where the opposite is true). Therefore, at high temperatures, more solute can be dissolved than at room temperature. If this solution were to be suddenly cooled at a rate faster than the rate of precipitation, the solution will become supersaturated until the solute precipitates to the temperature-determined saturation point. The precipitation or crystallization of the solute takes longer than the actual cooling time because the molecules need to meet up and form the precipitate without being knocked apart by the solvent. Thus, the larger the molecule, the longer it will take to crystallize due to the principles of Brownian motion.

The condition of supersaturation does not necessarily have to be reached through the manipulation of heat. The ideal gas law

PV = nRT

suggests that pressure and volume can also be changed to force a system into a supersaturated state. If the volume of solvent is decreased, the concentration of the solute can be above the saturation point and thus create a supersaturated solution. The decrease in volume is most commonly generated through evaporation. Similarly, an increase in pressure can drive a solution to a supersaturated state. All three of these mechanisms rely on the fact that the conditions of the solution can be changed quicker than the solute can precipitate or crystallize out.Part 2 of 2

The formation of nanoparticles are best supported in a supersaturated gas solution where the temperature and/or its pressure is constantly changing.

Heterogeneous nucleation of an alkali metal which includes hydrogen is supported by another alkali element metal(or chemical compound isoelectric mimics of the alkali metals) sitting on a transition metal substrate. The alkali deposits provides a template form which the nanoparticle will nucleate and grow. Examples of such nucleation template masks are potassium or lithium on the surface of iron or nickel. In the analysis of the Lugano fuel mix, lithium completely covered the 100 micron nickel fuel particle.

In theory, a mixture of potassium and lithium should support faster development at lower temperatures of a supersaturation condition of a hydrogen gas mixture than a mix using lithium only.and adds:

As documented in the AIRBUS patent, an alternative method in nanoparticle production is electric arcing. The arc produces the high temperatures and pressures needed for supersaturation in the gas that surrounds the arc. As seen in the experiment of Ken Shoulders, the arc will produce a zone of temperature and pressure drop at some distance from the arc where nanoparticles will form. The temperature and pressure drop that results when the arc stops will also meet the requirements of nanoparticle production. A rapidly repeating high voltage electric arc on/off cycle will maximize nanoparticle production in a gas mixture.

Friday, August 28, 2015

MOTTOThe future is uncertain... but this uncertainty is at the very heart ofhuman creativity. (Ilya Prigogine) borrowed from Gurteen Knowledge of todayDAILY NOTEVery soon after Rossi's granted US peri-LENR patent proving that a good researcher/inventor has also to be a good bureaucrat, diplomat and businessman, here is an applied WO Pat, 2015/127263- filed 907 days after the first. It answers- in a way to many of questions of yesterday. And, as it is normal, generates new questions probably smarter ones than those from the first swarm.For numberphiles like me, Andrea Rossi has made his spectacular entrance in the open LENR world 1687 days ago, brought LENR+- enhanced excess heat and changed many things- making them more interesting, hopeful and uncertain.WO 2015/127263 has 97 pages, the temperature here is 93 F- so reading/studying it will last.I have found some news for you, Camilo will continue this action. See you tomorrow

ABSTRACTSystem and method for producing thermal energy is based on a very large number of nanoscale particle accelerators in a volume accelerating electrons and hydrogen ions at very high local electric fields. Nanoscale particle accelerators comprise a dielectric material possessing electric polarizability and a metallic materialcapable of forming an interstitial and/or electrically conductive metal hydride and capable of enhancing the local electric field by the geometry and/or by the sufficiently small dimensions of the said metallic material. Low to medium strength local electric fields are utilized for the generation of Rydberg matter and inverted Rydberg matter in the presence of a material capable of forming and storing Rydberg atoms. Destabilization of Rydberg matter and inverted Rydberg matter leads to solid state physical reactions

AXIL DIXITWho was awarded the potassium patent or was it deemed by Rossi and his legal team to be open source? Rossi's low heat reactor (1 Megawatt version) must use a potassium based fuel. A Lithium based fuel must run in a reactor with and operating temperature of over 1000C. Is Rossi conceding the Big cat and his tiger reactor subsystem as using and open source LENR technology?

DGT used Potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as their fuel. This is the standard LENR catalyst. It has been used from the earliest times of LENR. Thermocore might have been the first to experiment with potassium. Potassium could support the a fine LENR reactor design.

Melting point (891 °C (1,636 °F; 1,164 K)Boiling point - decomposes.

A competitor of Rossi could develop a reactor that uses K2CO3 with no patent protection recourse from Rossi. I believe that Rossi is reserving the Lithium aluminum hydrate fuel as a doorway to the direct conversion of the LENR reaction into electricity via the E Cat-X . This might be why Rossi made a point that the lithium based LENR patent was the first LENR patent to be set in place by Rossi’s team.

A way to get around the Rossi patent protection is to mix chemical compounds containing cesium, potassium and lithium together in proportions that are different from those specified by the Rossi patent.

Even if Mills does not describe what he does in his technologies as LENR, as described by Mills in his patents, there are hundreds of chemical compound combinations that will support the LENR reaction.

These chemicals uses as fuel are not fundamental to LENR, it is what these fuels produce that results in LENR. Those more fundamental elements are nanoparticles of the proper sizes and aggregations (aka topology) comprised of elements and/or chemical compounds.

If you remember the story of how a long running LENR reaction melted and vaporized a hole a lab table and the reinforced concrete LENR lab floor just under the table, that vaporized floor material served as fuel of the LENR reaction in that amazing case.

and:

In one important way, Rossi's catalytic approach is more powerful than that of Pekka Soininen. Rossi uses up to 100 micron nickel particles which are sintered together from 5 micron COTS powder. The EMF power amplification factor that these various particles produce when aggregated is proportional to the SIZE SPREAD of the particles sizes used. A particle size spread between 100 microns and 1 nanometer produces a EMF power application factor of 10^15 when heat (infrared EMF) is converted to magnetic power.

Thursday, August 27, 2015

Dear Readers, I am very pleased to let you know that my friend CAMILO URBINA from Chile has accepted to join the blog EGO OUT as associate for South America. His deep dedication to LENR and his creativity will help to improve this Blog, to be more effective and efficient in informing you about what just happens in the world of LENR.What Camilo has to say to you as introduction:

Camilo Urbina, EGO OUT’s associate for South America.

About me: Agronomic Engineer by profession and always interested and participating as professional in applied R&D, the needs of living in a desert with the right temperatures but no water for agriculture has since long interested me in the search for an abundant and economic source of energy usable for massive water distillation. Aware of the promise of Fleischmann and Pons since 1989 (incidentally the date of my 15th birthday) of abundant and environmentally sustainable energy has captured the imagination. The announcements of Andrea Rossi in early 2011 renewed this interest.

LENR Ideology: In the 26 years that I’ve been aware of the existence of what was once called cold fusion and now is usually termed LENR, I have learnt of many different theoretical approaches and explanations attempting to solve the low replicability of the experimental results. The failure to put a theoretical saddle that allowed taming the LENR wild horse is in great part blamed for the still wide dismissal of LENR as pseudoscience. This feature, that is more of scientists than of science itself, is what has interested me in the epistemological aspects of the discovery of new phenomena, leading to find the works of Kuhn and Feyerabend, both of whom studied why science becomes reluctant to radical advances. We are still struggling for LENR to be widely recognized as true science. I’m afraid we will see LENR producing energy commercially ahead of scientists widely recognizing its value, when it should have been exactly the opposite. I think LENR has the potential to help mankind blossom into a post scarcity era. And I’m here to help it happen.

MOTTOIt always seems impossible until it is done (Nelson Mandela)Sometimes it continues to seem so even if somebody claims it was done.DAILY NOTEQuantitative data have a lot of intellectual charm. A good example is the fuel recipe given in the brand new US patent of Andrea Rossi:50% nickel, 30% LIAlH4 and 20% Li. I calculated:Composition for chemical elements, weight: Ni- 50%, Li- 25.5%, H-3.16%, Al-21.33Relative numbers of atoms- Li-43.5%, H- 37.3%, Ni- 10%. Al- 9.3%- this indeed seems to have some internal logic, H/Li and Ni/Al ~1, but who knows?So the Rossi Effect is an opera with only 4 roles- H. Li, Al, Ni- please see other caseshere (http://opera.stanford.edu/misc/UnaVoce.html#V4) Just for the operas lovers, from all these, Bizet's Les Pêcheurs de Perles is my favorite and I like much this aria:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVM3gEP2WIA sung by Tino Rossi here- a coincidence of family names.The problem with the Rossi Effect opera is the roles- or the voices- soprano, alto tenor, baritone, basso which elements are the lovers and which help or make troubles to the lovers? A very surprising synopsis- if scenario is the one published at 22Passi:http://22passi.blogspot.ro/2015/08/fluid-heater-patent-us-9115913-b1-del.html

"Because the Rossi Effect is the main source of energy of the E-Cat, this means that the basics of the e-Cat are now protected by the patent. The Rossi Effect is based on the exotherm reaction between lithium and hydrogen that is catalysed by nickel and by other elements of the group 10 of the Periodic Table of elements including palladium and platinum."

Until the inventor Andrea Rossi discovered the Rossi Effect there were basically only two categories of LENR studied:Palladium – Deuterium(the original Cold Fusion process)Nickel – Hydrogen

The Rossi Effect is a completely new discovery in the field of LENR technology and raises the available power density of LENR processes several orders of magnitude to at least 10 kW/kg. With Power Densities this high most conventional Energy Applications have the potential of being replaced with an ECAT energy source.

The Rossi Effect is based on a LENR process including Hydrogen and Lithium where Nickel is merely used as a catalyst and is not consumed in the process (some Nickel – Hydrogen reactions occur but the major part of the Nickel is not consumed and can be recycled). The Hydrogen – Lithium reaction is highly exothermic;Li7 + H1 → Be8 → 2He4 + 17.3 MeV,

where the 17.3 MeV (=2.8*10-12J) is released as heat. This is equivalent to an Energy Density (Specific Energy) of 209 million MJ/kg or 58 million kWh/kg or 5 million times the Energy Density of Oil.

ECAT uses Lithium Aluminium Hydride (LiAlH4) as fuel for utilizing the Rossi Effect. The benefit of Lithium Aluminium Hydride as a Fuel Source is that it is a solid and therefore much easier to handle than ordinary Hydrogen Gas. Leonardo Corporation received a US patent for this ECAT process on the 25 Aug 2015, see ECAT patents.

(R1) is usually initiated by the melting of Lithium Aluminium Hydride in the temperature range 150–170 °C, immediately followed by decomposition into solid Li3AlH6, although (R1) is known to proceed below the melting point of LiAlH4 as well. At about 200 °C, Li3AlH6 decomposes into LiH (R2) and Al which subsequently convert into LiAl above 400 °C (R3). Reaction (R1) is effectively irreversible. (R3) is reversible with an equilibrium pressure of about 0.25 bar at 500 °C. (R1) and (R2) can also occur at room temperature with suitable catalysts. When Nickel is added as a catalyst Lithium and Hydrogen will start to diffuse into the Nickel Lattice after the decomposition of the Lithium Aluminium Hydride and at high enough temperature, 600 – 1200 °C, the Rossi Effect will kick in and convert Lithium and Hydrogen into Helium under the release of vast amounts of energy.

Especially beneficial is that gamma radiation is naturally absent in the Rossi Effect because the energy is only released as kinetic energy through thermal Helium nuclei which later thermalize the Nickel Lattice and the inner walls of the ECAT reactor core, under impact, turning kinetic energy into thermal energy. This makes the Rossi Effect ideal for utilizing nuclear sized energy in the complete absence of both radioactive materials and radiation.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Questionsa) Has this document the approval of Rossi?b) If nickel is just an catalyst, how and why were there measured isotopic shifts in nickel and In lithium?c) The dozen successful experiments of Rossi were made with hydrogen and we heard nothing almost about lithium, however it was about an enhanced excess heat effect; was this a pre-Rossi Effect or what?d) Is this ideal fuel composition valid for all the- at least 3 categories of E-Cats working at different temperatures?e) Are the reactions for the low temperature generators as the E-Cats from the 1MW plant and those for the E-Cat X- similar, the same or different?f) A multiplex question- how can we decrease a bit the new uncertainty wave?WHAT IS THE SYNOPSIS OF THE REAL ROSSI FOUR ROLES (VOICES) OPERA(S) ?

Updates on cold fusion As flying pigs have so far not yet been spotted in these parts, you won't be getting the following news from Nature itself! We are pleased to have this opportunity to keep Nature readers up to date: 1) "For the first time in two decades, the Japanese government has issued a request for proposals for low-energy nuclear reaction (LENR) research". For details seehttp://news.newenergytimes.net/2015/08/24/japanese-government-will-fund-lenr-research-again/ 2) Andrea Rossi has been granted a US patent for his 'energy catalyzer', which claims to produce large amounts of energy from a nuclear reaction (however, the patent itself does not refer to this aspect, only giving details of the design). For details see http://animpossibleinvention.com/2015/08/25/rossi-has-been-granted-us-patent-on-the-e-cat/ Mats Lewan's book 'An Impossible Invention' (see the article cited for links to the book) goes into detail concerning the E-cat's history. Here is an extract from the article:

As far as I understand, the patent describes the so-called low temperature E-Cat that Rossi showed in semi-public demonstrations at several occasions in 2011, and which is also used in an ongoing 350-day trial of a 1 MW plant, but since it describes core parts of the technology it is probably also valid at a certain extent also for more recent E-Cat models with higher operating temperature.

Dan C.:The many patents I am working on related to upgradings of the Rossi Effect mean an enormous work. That’s all I can say.The patent we got granted has been filed for in March 2012 and granted on August 2015, moreless 3 years and a half of very hard work with the Attorneys I worked with, many work hours of them and me, discussions with the Examiners ( the process has been very difficult and engaging). Three years and a half of very hard work, with enormous anxiety and hundreds of meetings with the attorneys. All the ( many) objections of the examiners had to be dealt with cum precision. My team of Attorneys has made a fantastic work.About the celebrative issue: I don’t need a plaque: for me it is bearer of full solace to look at the ribbon of the USPTO on the cover of my patent. This view, for me, is equipollent to the view of the Monalisa of leonardo Da Vinci for a classic art amateur… It is the most important achievement of my life, because the USA have recognized my invention.Warm Regards,A.R.

Wednesday, August 26, 2015

Scientists are judged mainly by the NUMBER of publications, this leads to a trend of salami science- to slice their science in "least publishable units" see please:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_publishable_unitSimilarly, but for different, more complex reasons a new technology has to be cut in pieces- like a pig is cut- patentable parts thus generating a number of related patents, A good technology butcher knows the rules and gets the most rational and smart combination of patents. The IP essence of the technology is revealed step-wise by combining the patents and the value of each new patent is measured by what it says but also but what it does not say!This patent is a good thing, good for Rossi, good for LENR's prestige, development and future. Not a perfect, total revelation of Rossi's technology- this cannot be expected. But Rossi was realist (composed a patentable patent much better than the older ones), pragmatic (has told relevant things about the heat transfer function of the E-Cats and has given enough attractive data re the heat generation function of the E-Cat) and materialistic (has found an optimum patentable unit- fragment of his technology). Anyway, his technology is in continuous change and development- consider his patent was filled on Mar, 14, 2012 and probably m\not much was up-dated, improved in the text despite "discussions" with the Patent Office. Possibly many things, including the recipe have changed, improved. What the patent says about the roles of hydrogen, lithium and nickel- must be discussed- and surely it will be!Obviously the patent can be criticized and attacked, but I think it is useless. The patent is essential for creating a fixed point, a base and is for inspiration and encouragement- not for copying and applications.A confession: when I have read the patent, due to my love of opera music I thought-this patent is exact the contrary of Edgardo from Lucia di Lammermoor- in this aria:http://opera.stanford.edu/Donizetti/LuciaDiLammermoor/III.3.htmlThe patent is "il primo avanzo di una stirpe felice" ( first son of a happy race).

Joy equal to yours created in me the news of the happy outcome of the recognition of your work …Congratulations also for historical reasons.Ch. StremmenosAndrea RossiAugust 25th, 2015 at 7:27 PM

Prof Christos Stremmenos:Obviously I am honoured to receive this comment from a scientist that has worked with Prof Focardi and has been among the most important pioneers of this science.God bless you, dear Prof. Christos Stremmenos!Warm Regards,Andrea

Hank Mills:In the patent we have disclosed all the issues related to the specific system and apparatus.More patents are in preparation related to other issues. I will answer to questions related to what has been disclosed, not obviously to issues that are subject of further patents concerning the upgrade of the invention.For this reason you will find the possible answers. Give me some minute, I have an urgency inside the plant right now ( 08.35 p.m. of August 25th).Warm Regards,A.R.

Hank Mills:Your questions are related to further patent applications we are working upon related to the upgrade of the technology.Every patent is part of the global IP of our concern and, while the patent disclosures have to be elaborated by means of an immense work with our attorneys, such work is continuing for many other issues that will be disclosed in the next patent applications.Warm Regards,A.R.

John:

This patent is part of the IP and many other patent applications are incoming. I am working on 64 patent applications right now.Warm Regards,A.R.Andrea RossiAugust 25th, 2015 at 8:02 PM

LENR: a fresh option The transition from the so-called dirty to clean energy status may take some time, according to findings from Bloomberg New Energy Finance or BNEF. It projected that by 2040, more than half the world’s energy would have come from cleaner sources, with 46% of global electricity generated by clean energy, top billed by wind turbines and solar panels.

Not oft-mentioned but nevertheless it offers insurmountable clean energy potential is the Ultralow Energy Neutron Reactions (LENR). Like many other clean energy platforms, it has been undercommercialised.

“The LENR technology, if successfully commercialised and scaled-up, could potentially replace fossil fuels in the not-too-distant future (over a period of 20-40 years) because it would be CO2-free and significantly less costly for consumers and businesses,” said Lewis G. Larsen, CEO/President of Chicago-based Lattice Energy LLC in an interview with PRA.

When asked if LENR is a viable alternative to fossil fuels (as an energy source), he replied, “LENRs are much more synergistic than competitive fossil fuels such as oil and coal.”

Larsen, who has been involved in developing the technology since 1997, said that LENRs are a “truly biosafe nuclear technology that involves neither fission nor any kind of fusion process, hot, cold, warm, or otherwise.”

He explained the “clean energy” potentials of this technology in various applications. “LENRs’ uniquely green attributes would also enable the future development of revolutionary, compact battery-like portable nuclear power sources that could compete directly with chemical batteries and fuel cells in many high-performance applications that include portable electronic devices like power tools, tablet computers, and smartphones,” he said.

How can emerging and underdeveloped nations in the Asian region benefit from LENRs? “At system power outputs of just 5-10 kW, green LENR-based distributed CHP power generation systems providing heat and electricity could potentially satisfy the requirements of a majority of urban and rural households and smaller businesses throughout Asia. For system power outputs of just 50-200 kW thermal, LENRbased systems could begin to power steam or electric vehicles, breaking oil’s stranglehold on transportation; as well as provide high-quality heat for industrial processes.”

Nevertheless, as with other new technologies, deployment is an issue.

“Small-scale LENR systems might seem to be light years away from being able to compete headon with enormous 500-1,000 MW coal-fired and Uranium-fission power plants,” said Larsen, adding that it is not a remote possibility that commercial versions of LENR technologies could begin competing directly with coal, oil, and natural gas as a cost-effective CO2-free primary energy source.

“If grid-scale LENR-based power plants were built, there is an excellent chance that they might be around 54-74% less expensive than natural gas,” he claims.

Currently, R&D efforts on LENR are being carried out in countries like the US, Japan, China, Ukraine, and the EU.

Larsen said that he is mulling expansion to Asia in the future. “Someday, we would like to second-source, licence, and/or partner with Asian companies,” he adds.