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2Peter Drucker“Every few hundred years in the history of Western society a transformation takes place. The transformation transcends all aspects of society; the government, the schools, the values, religion, culture, etc. The transformation is not sudden, but takes place over a 50 year or more period. The transformation is so profound that the children born in that era can not comprehend the time in which their parents were born and in which their grandparents lived.”8:012.00ChipDRUCKER[Read the quote.]Wrote a book that captures the epics of management over time.Described three-four epics in our history representing profound shifts in society. These epics triggered shifts in management practice.Leadership and Organizational Behavior Session 1: History of Management Theory(May 2000)

3Key PointsIf you are going to lead people, know where you are taking themUnderstand you are part of the problem; become part of the solutionDirect the Rider; Motivate the Elephant andBuild leadership capacity throughout your organization

13Becoming the Solution Recognize you are part of the problemBe Positive- Create Net Forward EnergyModel the behaviors you are encouragingBecome a new employee and see through the eye’s of your patients

15Penwerris England Beacon ProjectHazel Stuteley and Phil Trenoweth were case workers in a housing project in Penwerris EnglandContext:50+% unemploymentHighest percentage of children on welfareAmong the highest crime rate in England50% homes no heatDisenfranchised populationIllness rate 18% > than the nation

16Comments from Stakeholders‘The whole estate was rapidly spiralling out of control and appeared to be attaining ghetto status. A sea of grey, it was deeply depressing.’ Hazel Stuteley.‘When I came here, the community and the school were at a low ebb. There were many despondent people.’ Richard Carter, Head teacher, Beacon Junior School.‘There was an attitude among the police and others that everybody living on the estate was a criminal. There was no exchange of information. The community didn’t trust us and we didn’t trust them.’ Bob Mears, Police Community Liaison and Crime Reduction Officer.‘Living in some of those houses, you might just as well have been in a tent on Bodmin Moor.’ June Chappel, Vice Chairman, Beacon Regeneration Partnership.

17How did Hazel Transform a Community?Started one on one listeningCreated formal “Listening Forums”Founded tenant associations for self-governanceRational process for getting heatingBuilt a community centerLit walking pathsEngaged school systemPublic House held computer classes

18Penwerris Continued Developed play areas safe for the childrenInstilled neighborhood watch programsCreated a parent toddler groupIntroduced traffic calming measuresEstablished a liaison with schools and policePainted dreary buildings bright colorsDelivered services in accessible settings-LaunderettesHousing representative as middle person for dispute resolution

19What did they achieve? Heated all the homesChildren on child protection down by 60%Child accident rate down by 50%Overall crime down by 50%Fuel bills cut by 180k poundsBoys’ SATS results improved 100%, girls 25%Improvements in key health indicators

20Leading A CollaborationPhillip Scanlan , former VP for Quality for AT&Tled a profound collaboration to improve qualityA family vacation was spoiled by pollution and700 dolphins washed up on the shoreCoordinated Federal Government; 2 StateGovernments; 20+ municipalities; vendors and amyriad of stakeholdersDecided to use Quality Methods to drive thecollaboration

21Dolphins and the Jersey ShorePhil Scanlon established a core visionEnrolled others in the visionDeveloped an all volunteer infrastructure to tackle the problem and execute the visionEstablished Metrics to track progressKept an eye on the business caseDid a “Root Cause Analysis”

22What did they find?High bacterial counts in the sand and medical waste washing up on the shorePiers rotting in New York Harbor were floating down the Hudson and depositing on the Jersey ShoreDolphins died of bacterial infections and metal poisoning

23Drilled down further Piers needed removal and planned replacementIdentified a toxin was related to tribunal tin in recreational boat paint caused a cravotoxin absorbed by food sources of DolphinsMedical waste due to illegal dumping of hospital waste off shoreBacterial counts related to broken storm and waste drains dating back to late 1800’s

24What did they do? Launched a campaign based on vision Shore to PleaseVanity license plates created by Bureau of Prisons-raised $1MInfrastructure of Committees to work on each of the issuesTracked Metrics regularly-Beach Closure DaysCorps of Engineers mapped the broken pipes needing repairBoating paint legislation drafted & passed

25What happened? Beach closure days went from 800+ to less than 50Trash haulers prosecutedStorm drains repairedBoat paint legislation passedEconomic impact and job impact staggeringDolphins came back

26Bright Spots- Vietnamese Children and Jerry SterninPrior to 1990 Viet Nam had one of the worst levels of malnutrition in the worldHow do you motivate a nation to improve outcomes?

27Bright Spot1990 Jerry Sternin was asked to open an office for Save the Children in Viet NamWith a $50k budget told to fix malnutrition for children across Viet NamStarted with 1 VillageRecruited mothers who were “motivated’Identified Bright Spots among the malnourishedSource: Dan Heath ; Switch 2010

28The Bright Spots : What was different?Norms among malnourishedFed children twice a dayLet children feed themselvesPrincipal staple was riceSweet-potato greens associated with a stigma of being poorBright SpotsFed children four times a dayActively fed children by spoon if neededAdded shrimp, crabs and sweet-potato greens to the mealSource: Dan Heath ; Switch 2010

30The Elephant and the Rider Jonathan Haidt, UVAThe Happiness HypothesisAnalogy of an elephant and a riderThe elephant is the emotional sideThe rider is our rational sideChange is like keeping the elephant on track- most often failsElephants have been proven to be a profound resource over history

32The RiderHis strength is the ability to think long term, to plan, to think beyond the moment

33The Elephant also has strengthsThe elephant also has profound strengthsLove, compassion, loyaltyWhen it comes to change, the elephant gets things doneThe elephant has the energy to get things done

34The Rider also has weaknessesTendency to over-analyze and over-thinkParalysis from analysisPlanning getting in the way of execution

35Getting a Rider and an Elephant to Make ChangeRider and Elephant In Balance Working TogetherThe rider and the elephant have to work togetherWe have to appeal to the rational and the emotional side

36Dan and Chip Heath- SwitchDirect the RiderFollow Bright SpotsScript the Critical MovesPoint to the DestinationMotivate the ElephantFind the feelingShrink the changeGrow your peopleShape the PathTweak the environmentBuild the habitsRally the herd

37Dan and Chip Heath- SwitchDirect the RiderFollow Bright Spots- Started with 4 MothersScript the Critical move Codified the recipe and mealsPoint to the Destination Showed the healthy kidsMotivate the ElephantFind the feeling Engaged the mother’s about their kidsShrink the change 10 women in peer pods cookingGrow your people Empowered the women to spreadShape the PathTweak the environment Sweet potato greensBuild the habits Cooking as groupRally the herd Emory studied the results and showed the impact

38Key PointsIf you are going to lead people, know where you are taking themUnderstand you are part of the problem; become part of the solutionDirect the Rider; Motivate the Elephant andBuild leadership capacity throughout your organization