Marita Koch, married name Marita Koch Meier (born Feb. 18, 1957, Wismar, E.Ger.) East German athlete who collected a remarkable 16 individual and team world records in outdoor sprints, as well as 14 world records in indoor events. In her only Olympic Games, at Moscow in 1980, she won two medals.

An injury forced Koch to withdraw from the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, where she had been a favoured competitor. She set the first of her indoor records the following year in Milan, running the 400-metre sprint in 51.80 sec. Her first outdoor record came in July 1978, when she ran the 400 metres in 49.19 sec; she topped that by setting two more 400-metre world records in August. The 400 metres proved to be her best event: she won the gold medal at the 1980 Olympics in Moscow and in 1985 set her final world record (47.60 sec) in the 400 metres at the World Cup meet in Canberra, Australia. This record lasted into the 1990s.

Challenged by a talented East German rival, Marlies Göhr, Koch achieved indoor success, becoming the world’s best runner in the 50-metre (1980) and 60-metre (1981, 1983, 1985) dashes. In 1979 she became the first woman to run the 200-metre sprint in less than 22 sec; in 1984 she ran her greatest 200-metre dash, tying a world record of 21.71 sec. She was a member of East German relay teams, including the 4 × 100-metre team that, led by Koch and Göhr, set world records in 1979 and 1983. Koch also competed on the 4 × 400-metre team that won a silver medal at the 1980 Olympics and set world records in 1980, 1982, and 1984. She retired in 1987.

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...in Athens, Greece. Outstanding women sprint champions have included Fanny Blankers-Koen (the Netherlands), who won four gold medals in the 1948 Olympics, Wilma Rudolph (U.S.), who won three in 1960, Marita Koch (East Germany), who was a winner at all three sprint distances, and Florence Griffith Joyner (U.S.), who set world records at 100 and 200 metres in 1988.