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Lawrence of Arabia: 50 years ago

It’s 50 years since David Lean’s dazzling desert epic received its royal premiere. As this Oscar-winning classic is rereleased nationwide, Patrick Fahy turns back the clock to a very special Arabian night in Leicester Square.

Fifty years ago, on Monday 10 December 1962, at the Odeon Leicester Square, film-goers first watched Colonel T.E. Lawrence blow out a half-spent match and instantly transform the screen into a blazing red Arabian dawn. It was the royal premiere of David Lean’s Lawrence of Arabia. Present were director Lean and producer Sam Spiegel (the team behind the Oscar-winning The Bridge on the River Kwai, 1957). Present too were Queen Elizabeth II and her husband the Duke of Edinburgh. Almost not present at all was the film itself.

Two nights earlier, the expensive 70mm print had got scratched. There were only two such prints in existence, and the other was under lock and key at London Airport (today’s Heathrow), standing by to fly off to New York. Lean’s editor, Anne V. Coates, found herself speeding down to the airport to retrieve the New York print in order to save the world premiere.

Coates had spent four months editing the film with Lean, leaving composer Maurice Jarre just six weeks to write and record the orchestral score for the three hour 42-minute film. This schedule left Jarre catching just two or three hours’ sleep a night. After three years in the writing, shooting and editing, the film remained something of an enigma; by the night of the premiere, even Lean himself had only seen the finished version in two halves the wrong way round.

A lucky few had seen it. The day before the premiere, two crew screenings were held. Twice that Sunday, dazed crew members emerged, spellbound and staggering, from the scorching deserts of Arabia into the cold West End air. Among them was Anne Coates. Lean soon telephoned her to check that the film looked and sounded as it should. It was, she assured him, “just fantastic”.

On the Monday of the premiere, the royal party travelled through the freezing fog then plaguing London, to be greeted at the Odeon by Spiegel, who escorted them along a line-up of cast and crew dressed in white tie. Spiegel was sorry to see Omar Sharif present; in his determination to maximise press attention on his proud new find Peter O’Toole, Spiegel had wanted the Egyptian star to stay away from the premiere, but Sharif proved unstoppable, and his presence only added to the rapture of the press coverage.

Lean was sporting the CBE which the Queen had given him nine years earlier (while he was filming Hobson’s Choice).

“Good flick?” the Duke of Edinburgh asked Lean. Lean politely replied that he hoped so, and, though he realised the Duke had meant no offence, inwardly he bridled at the jovial term ‘flick’. The British Establishment’s attitude toward cinema as rather mindless entertainment was a live issue for Lean. Indeed, his own father had decided not to attend the premiere, finding the journey in to London too much trouble for a film.

The audience took their places and so began the overture’s unsettling, bellicose percussion crashes. When the film began, the audience, accustomed to black and white television and grainy newspaper photographs, were soon ineffably transported by the succession of enthralling 70mm Technicolor images: a shimmering mirage charging through waves of heat to take the form of a rifle-bearing Arab rider; a boy being convincingly, horrifically, swallowed into quicksand; an ocean liner sailing, as plain as day, through desert dunes. Such splendour, in such rich detail, was new.

Also new was the film’s dark approach to biopic. Lawrence told of a young British soldier sent, in the First World War, to unite the Arab tribes in battle against their Turkish invaders. During his unlikely mission, Lawrence becomes something he doesn’t like, his self-image careening from mythical miracle worker to vulnerable, murderous fraud, while his humanity is played like a keyboard by his military and political superiors for their own (not Arabia’s) gain. Not all Spiegel’s publicity was as high-minded as the literate screenplay however; in one instance a real camel was photographed enjoying the film in a cinema in Sutton.

A camel attending a Lawrence of Arabia screening in Sutton in 1962.Credit: Sidney Bernstein Collection

Lean was urged to shorten the film, and after the premiere he reluctantly agreed to cut out around 20 minutes (though the longer version continued to play in Leicester Square). Not until 1989 was the film restored to its original form, and its triumphant rerelease brought a new wave of interest in Lean’s work.

Critic Dilys Powell thought the horse train ambush scene stood comparison with Homer. Noël Coward, at the premiere’s after-party at Grosvenor House, said that had O’Toole been any prettier, the film would have had to be renamed Florence of Arabia. Lean and Spiegel sensed that they had topped Kwai. By common consent, they appeared to have made a masterpiece. Lawrence went on to become the number two box office hit of its year (pipped by the gimmicky How the West Was Won). It won seven Academy Awards and become a regular fixture in critics’ lists of the world’s ‘greatest films’.

Good flick.

Sources: David Lean by Kevin Brownlow; Beyond the Epic: The Life and Films of David Lean by Gene D. Philips; The Making of David Lean’s Lawrence of Arabia by Adrian Turner; David Lean and His Films by Alain Silver and James Ursini.