Working Papers (ICM/IKL) Titler

The European Undergraduate Research-Oriented Participatory Education (EU-ROPE) At Copenhagen Business School

Tackney, Charles T.; Strömgren, Ole; Sato, Toyoko(København, 2006)

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Resume:

While the knowledge management literature has addressed the explicit and tacit skills needed for successful performance in the modern enterprise, little attention has been paid to date in this particular literature as to how these wide-ranging skills may be suitably acquired during the course of an undergraduate business school education. This paper presents case analysis of the research-oriented participatory education curriculum developed at Copenhagen Business School because it appears uniquely suited, by a curious mix of Danish education tradition and deliberate innovation, to offer an educational experience more empowering of essential tacit knowledge skills than that found in educational institutions in other national settings. We specify the program forms and procedures for consensus-based governance and group work (as benchmarks) that demonstrably instruct undergraduates in the tacit skill dimensions of knowledge thought to be essential for success following graduation.

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Societal changes are seldom discussed in the literature on city branding. The time element is
important because it highlights the fluctuating reality of society. The city brand message
freezes the place but in fact, the city branding exercise is a continuous process. Society
emerges too. City brands are supposed to accentuate the uniqueness of the city, be built from
the bottom-up and reflect the city’s identity. This paper highlights three paradoxes, pointing
out that city branding processes can also make cities more alike, bring about societal changes
and forge new city identities. A city branding campaign does not just present the city, it may
change the city. The relationships between the branding exercise and the city are intertwined
in the evolution of the place.

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On a rainy day in September 2014, Janus Skøt, Senior Director of Arla Foods Latin America and the
Caribbean (LATAM), looked out the window of his office in Mexico City. From his location on the
10th floor, Janus viewed the massive city and thought, “It is breath-taking to look out over Mexico
City, a metropolis with 25 million inhabitants” (Skøt, 2014a). The view reminded him of his firm’s
position, and he thought “we look at millions of potential consumers representing great potential for
Arla Foods. Our firm targets major cities, such as Mexico City, for their size and economic growth”
(Skøt, 2014a).
In 2014, Arla Foods had processed approximately 13 billion litres of milk. Another billion litres were
expected to enter Arla Foods’ production system in the upcoming year as an immediate consequence
of the European Union's abolishment of the milk quota in April 2015 (see Exhibit 1). With this in
mind, Janus thought to himself “Arla Foods has as much milk in its supply system as the entire
country of Mexico” (Skøt, 2014b).
Janus was attempting to determine how Arla Foods could build a competitive advantage in Latin
American countries given their milk deficits and growing middle class. Arla Foods had a diverse
portfolio of high-quality dairy products (see Exhibit 2), and over the course of several years, it had
developed a strategy for LATAM based on cooperation with local partners, such as dealers and
distributors, aimed at integrating its products into local retail chains (i.e., supermarkets). End
consumers of dairy products in Latin America and the Caribbean had different levels of purchasing
power that affected their purchasing decisions. Therefore, Janus carefully considered how Arla Foods
could develop a strategy to reach consumers across all income segments, not only in Mexico but also
in the 20 countries and 10 territories found in the LATAM region.

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The chimerical state is not only a
hybrid state. It is also a
state of obscure powers. As the classical chimera, much of its strength comes precisely from the fact that it hard to see and hence to investigate and critique. The paper traces the origins of this difficulty to the role the public-private divide plays in hiding chimerical power. It does so with reference specifically to the security area.

The core principle of co-creation is engaging people to create valuable experiences together while enhancing network economics (Ramaswamy & Gouillart 2010). A central element of the transition to co-creation is the ability to develop and manage effective two-way communications and information systems (Leavy 2011). The power of co-creation is applicable anywhere along the value chain and to any type of industry (Leavy 2011). Co-creation can apply to any business, large or small whose customers have experiences and interactions. Moreover, customer engagement can take many forms, from face-to-face meetings involving a handful of people to web-enabled, large-scale social interactions involving many thousands (Leavy 2011, Ramaswamy & Gouillart 2010). We are interested in expanding these concepts to all parts of society (e.g. the triangle market, (welfare) state, and civil society). Finding solutions to address societies’ challenges remains a concern for governments, cities, businesses and social innovators. These solutions emerge out of changes in technologies, advancement of knowledge as well as of the emerging model of the collaborative and sharing economy and networked peer local and global communities.
This paper presents the outcomes of the Athens Co-Creation Workshop 2012) a collaborative initiative of two universities: the Panteion University; Athens and the Copenhagen Business School / Co-Creation of Experienced-Based Innovation Consortium (CCEBI); Copenhagen. Our main question is: How can co-creation and experience-based learning and innovation in Living Labs, across diverse sectors, organizations, institutions, companies and startups, help cities becoming platforms that facilitate networking, collaboration and innovation? Our main challenge is to explore such an opportunity regarding the city of Athens.
Creating a human ecosystem reflecting all powers and involved stakeholders in such an endeavor, the workshop organizers and participants, following a co-creation and design thinking methodology, formed “ad-hoc” networks of reflective practitioners and researchers, experimenting with responding to the challenges set by the participants (the challenge “owners”).
The paper presents the outcomes of applying co-creation and design thinking to solving the challenges presented by the Impact Hub Athens, a global social business incubator and co-working space that was testing its concept and business model as it was preparing its local launch in Athens; by working with challenges of branding Athens and using storytelling about Athens, and by testing the launch of the corporate university lab of Korres, a Greek skincare brand that has scaled up internationally.
Given the different approaches to the notion of the co-creation of experience, we discuss the results of those co-creation sessions in terms of (a) the methodology applied, the participants’ experience of collaboratively solving a problem connected with a solution-space, (c) the lessons learned from the cases about emerging into a shared language, discourse, and action around the concept, and (d) the potential of co-creating on the basis of experienced-based learning and of innovating as a model for sustainable cities (and markets).

Over the past two and a half decades Claus Meyer,
one of Denmark’s most innovative serial entrepreneurs,
had built a group of businesses which
covered diverse sectors and industries all related to
food craftsmanship. The story of his bakeries, delis,
restaurants, vinegar production, canteens, as well as
a hotel and a fruit plantation was driven by his mission
to improve Danish food culture. Crucial stepping
stones in this endeavour had been his launching of
the Meyer TV series about cooking, the Nordic Food
Movement and Restaurant Noma’s world best restaurant
status. Most recently, Claus Meyer had been
invited to start up a 1200 m2 large deli and restaurant
at the iconic Vanderbuilt Hall at Grand Central Station
in New York.

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This entry gives an overview of the debate about private security. It can not pretend to cover everything in equal detail. It is geared to highlight the parts of the discussion about commercial security practices that are of most immediate interest to New Security Studies. Very succinctly put, the entry shows the pertinence of the emerging research agenda where commercial security practices are part of a broader analysis of evolving insecurities, of (in)security spaces and of everyday practices, insisting on the scope for further developments with regard to these issues (section 2). The entry also suggests that the although the more conventional literature on the subject—mostly framed in terms of privatization—has made valuable contributions to the debates about commercial security, it has limited analytical clout for analyzing the politics of commercial security. Worse it sometimes obscures it (section 1). It is therefore not surprising that commercialization is currently tending to replace privatization as the vantage point from which analysis is taking place.

Background:
The present study is the first study of Danish consumers on compulsive buying. It draws on a
representative sample of 1,015 Danish consumers (aged between 15 and 84 years) and extends prior
research undertaken in other countries (such as Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Canada, the
US). It is the first study to shed light on the situation in a Scandinavian context and is designed to
allow for a comparison with the situation in other countries.
Results:
The prevalence of compulsive buying tendencies in Denmark are: 9.75% of the respondents show
compensatory buying behavior and 5.81% show compulsive buying tendencies. These percentages
are similar to those found in Germany and slightly lower than in Austria. They are also within the
range of preferences in other countries.
Regarding socio‐demographics, age and sex play a decisive role while marital status, education and
income cannot be associated with compulsive buying. If there is such a thing like “a typical
shopaholic”, it would be a women aged between 25 and 44 years, disregarding whether she is a
single or not, has a low or high education and income. The internet offers shopping opportunities
that lure both, potential shopaholics and compensatory buyers more than inconspicuous buyers.
Compensatory and compulsive buyers have far more customer cards than others.
Conclusion:
To sum up, this study identifies diverse factors that are related to compulsive buying behavior. To
find out what cause is and what effect, more qualitative research as well as experimental studies are
needed. Additionally, more intercultural comparisons could lead to insights into the effects of the
social and cultural consumption environment, i.e., the role of norms, values, policies, and the mass
media on buying behavior. This type of research has, to date, not been undertaken in any
Scandinavian country. A first step is the comparison of Danish, Austrian and German data which is
currently undertaken. The results of the present study together with future analyses could feed into
strengthening consumer education and informing debt counseling and consumer advice. It is also
relevant data for credit card companies and retail.

Departing from an elaboration of the idea of a citizenship protection nexus (1), the argument developed below is that the introduction of a neo-liberal governance forms security is leading to far reaching (but largely unacknowledged). It is transforming the understanding of the rights to protection that come with citizenship, de facto transforming it from a general right tied to political citizenship to contracted right to be negotiated (2). At the same time, far from working to weakening the role of the state in security provision, the market is reinforcing it (3) and accentuating the military aspect of protection (4). The overall consequence is that the nexus tying citizenship to protection is increasingly shaped by the commercialized national and military concerns (promoted by public and private security professionals). As this paper concludes, attempts to frame and shape the citizenship-protection nexus in alternative ways—for example attempts to de-link citizenship from states and/or to de-militarize citizenship—are the main causalities of this re-ordering.