The Hypothalamus. A crucial part of the CNS that takes some part in regulating most organs 3 major functions (we will review 2 today). 1.Regulating release.

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Presentation on theme: "The Hypothalamus. A crucial part of the CNS that takes some part in regulating most organs 3 major functions (we will review 2 today). 1.Regulating release."— Presentation transcript:

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The Hypothalamus

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A crucial part of the CNS that takes some part in regulating most organs 3 major functions (we will review 2 today). 1.Regulating release of hormones from pituitary gland. 2.Regulating the ANS; i.e., general visceral motor functions we reviewed last time. 3.Regulating the “appetitive behaviours” (eating, drinking, mating).

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B.Magnocellular system and the posterior pituitary. - Here, peptide hormones are produced by large-diameter hypothalamic neurons from same nuclei of the middle zone. - Axons deliver these hormones down the infundibular stalk and terminate on fenestral capillaries (“leaky”) of the posterior pit - this is 1 place lacking a BBB.

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Sympathetic: peripheral ganglia located relatively close to the spinal cord (sympathetic trunk). Parasympathetic: peripheral ganglia located close to target organs (i.e., terminal ganglia of X). Note: organs distal to splenic flexure of colon served by sacral parasympathetic nuclei. For both systems, anatomical location of central neurons is analogous.

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Fig Note: Mechanism of regulation Is very analogous to the way the Cortex regulates descending Motor pathways and motor Neurons. 1 Difference: Visceromotor Regulation involves the 2-neuron Circuit (pre- and postganglionic) Some bs n. also contribute to autonomic system regulation: -Solitary n  intermediolateral n. (also known for chemosensory mechs) - a tie between viscero- sensory and visceromotor.