Miscellaneous

Interactions

Drug-Drug interaction

May potentially alter the effects of drugs metabolized by the CYP 450 enzyme system.May ↓ antibody response to and ↑ risk of adverse reactions from live virus vaccines; avoid use during treatment.May ↑ blood levels, effects and toxicity of mycophenolic acid.

Route/Dosage

Prescribed dose must be evenly divisible by 12.5 to ensure accurate preparation

Intravenous (Adults) Initial phase—10 mg/kg on day of transplant/prior to implantation, day 5 (96 hr after day 1 dose), end of week 2, 4, 8 and 12 post transplantation; maintenance phase—10 mg/kg end of week 16 and every four weeks (±3 days) thereafter.

Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection (fever, dyspnea) periodically during therapy.

Assess for signs and symptoms of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (changes in mood or usual behavior, confusion, problems thinking, loss of memory, changes in walking or talking, decreased strength or weakness on one side of the body, changes in vision) during and for at least 36 mo post-transplant.

Potential Nursing Diagnoses

Risk for infection (Adverse Reactions)

Implementation

Pre-medication is not required.

Cortisone doses should be consistent with clinical trials experience. Cortisone doses were tapered to between 10–20 mg/day by first 6 wks after transplant, then remained at 10 mg (5–10 mg) per day for first 6 months after transplant.

Treat patient for latent tuberculosis prior to therapy.

Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci is recommended after transplant.

Intermittent Infusion: Calculate number if vials required for total infusion dose. Reconstitute contents of each vial with 10.5 mL of 0.9% NaCl or D5W using the silicone-free disposable syringe provided and an 18–21 gauge needle for a concentration of 25 mg/mL. Direct stream of diluent to wall of vial. Rotate and invert vial gently; do not shake to avoid foaming. Solution is clear to slightly opalescent and colorless to pale yellow; do not use of opaque particles, discoloration, or other particles are present. Calculate total volume needed for infusion dose. Diluent: Dilute further with 0.9% NaCl or D5W if reconstituted with sterile water for injection, 0.9% NaCl if reconstituted with 0.9% NaCl, or with D5W if reconstituted with D5W.Concentration: 2 mg/mL. Withdraw amount of diluent from infusion container equal to volume of infusion dose. Using same silicone-free disposable syringe used for reconstitution, withdraw required amount of belatacept solution from vial, inject into infusion container, and rotate gently to mix. Typical infusion volume is 100 mL, but may range from 50–250 mL. Transfer from vial to infusion container immediately; infusion must be completed within 24 hr of reconstitution. May be refrigerated and protected from light for 24 hr. Do not administer solutions that are discolored or contain particulate matter. Discard unused solution in vials.

Y-Site Incompatibility: Do not mix or infuse in same line with other agents.

Patient/Family Teaching

Reinforce the need for lifelong therapy to prevent transplant rejection. Review symptoms of rejection for the transplanted organ, and stress need to notify health care professional immediately if signs of rejection or infection occur.

Advise patient to avoid contact with persons with contagious diseases.

Inform patient of the increased risk of skin cancer and other malignancies. Advise patient to use sunscreen with a high protection factor and wear protective clothing to decrease risk of skin cancer.

Advise patient to notify health care professional of all Rx or OTC medications, vitamins, or herbal products being taken and to consult with health care professional before taking other medications.

Advise female patients to notify health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected or if breast feeding. Encourage patients who become pregnant or whose partners have received belatacept to register with the National Transplant Pregnancy Registry (NTPR) by calling 1-877-955-6877.

They prolonged survival and reduced disease activity in GvHD, and appeared superior to abatacept in arthritis based on clinical scores and histology, and to belatacept in GvHD based on disease activity scores and survival.

Moderate-strength evidence suggests that conversion from a CNI to sirolimus, everolimus, or belatacept is associated with improved renal function but an increased risk of rejection, whereas high strength evidence suggests that withdrawal of a CNI is associated with improved renal function but an increased risk of acute rejection.

Abatacept and its sister molecule belatacept bind to B7-1 and B7-2 on antigen-presenting cells, thereby blocking T cell activation, and are currently licensed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the prevention of rejection in kidney transplantation [12-14].

The topics include Fc-fusion protein expression technology, production based on cell culture, a case study of quality by design applied to Fc-fusion, analytical methods used to characterize Fc-fusion proteins, alafacept, etanercept, abatacept and belatacept, and recombinant factor VIII-Fc fusion and Factor IX-Fc fusion.

This seventh edition contains new material on current surgical techniques, medications, and approaches, with new chapters on the new immunosuppressive agent Belatacept, kidney paired donation programs for living donors, and empirical evidence in the field.

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