At club level, Buffon's professional career began with Parma in 1995, where he made his Serie A debut, and was soon promoted to the role of starting goalkeeper, earning a reputation as one of the most promising young goalkeepers in Italy; during his time with the club, he won the Coppa Italia, the UEFA Cup and the Supercoppa Italiana, all in 1999. After joining Juventus in 2001, Buffon immediately won Serie A titles in both of his first two seasons at the club, and established himself as one of the best players in the world in his position. After winning two more consecutive league titles in 2005 and 2006, the club were later stripped of these titles and relegated due to their involvement in the 2006 Italian football scandal. Despite rumours of his departure, Buffon remained with Juventus, contributing to the club's Serie B title and promotion back to Serie A in 2007. Following several trophyless seasons, Buffon later played a key role in Juventus's resurgence, which saw the club win an Italian record of five consecutive league titles between 2011 and 2016; he also inherited the captain's armband following the departure of Alessandro Del Piero in 2012. In total, he has won seven Serie A titles, two Coppa Italia titles, and five Supercoppa Italiana titles with Juventus.

With the Italian national side, Buffon has been called up for an international record of five FIFA World Cup tournaments (1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014) since making his debut in 1997, featuring in four of them as Italy's starting goalkeeper (he was an unused substitute in 1998).[25] He was the starting goalkeeper of the Italian team that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which saw him keep a record five clean sheets, and concede only two goals, neither of which were in open play. He has also represented Italy at four European Championships, at the 1996 Olympics, and at two FIFA Confederations Cups, winning a bronze medal in the 2013 edition of the tournament.

Despite offers from Bologna and Milan,[30] Buffon began his career with the Parma youth system in 1991, at the age of 13.[31] During his time in the youth academy, he initially played in several out-field positions, in particular as a midfielder, before switching to his current position of goalkeeper.[32] His idol Thomas N'Kono inspired this change of position due to his notable goalkeeping performances for Cameroon at the 1990 World Cup in Italy; as a result, when both of the Parma youth team's keepers suddenly suffered injuries, Buffon was called upon due to his interest, height, and physical attributes.[32][33][34] He quickly adapted to this role, and within two weeks he had been promoted to first keeper of the Parma youth team.[30][32] Ermes Fulgoni, the academy's goalkeeping coach, would soon become a mentor to the young goalkeeper.[30]

After an initial call-up to train with the first team during the summer of 1994,[30] Buffon was promoted to the senior squad in 1995, and at the age of 17, he made his Serie A debut for Parma under Nevio Scala, keeping a clean sheet in a 0–0 home draw against eventual Serie A Champions Milan on 19 November 1995.[31] Buffon made notable saves against Ballon d'Or winners Roberto Baggio and George Weah, as well as Marco Simone, throughout the match.[14] Buffon went on to make seven more first team appearances that season as well as one appearance in the Coppa Italia, making his debut in the competition, as Parma were eliminated in the second round. Parma finished in sixth place in Serie A that season, qualifying for the UEFA Cup. During his time at Parma, he trained under goalkeeping coach Villiam Vecchi, a person to whom Buffon attributes much of his confidence, development, and success.[35]

1996–2001: Making the starting eleven, early success and recognition[edit]

In the 1997–98 season, Parma finished in fifth place in Serie A and reached the Coppa Italia semi-finals, whilst they were knocked out in the group stage of the Champions League, finishing second in their group to defending champions Borussia Dortmund. Buffon acquired his nickname "Superman" during the course of the season, when he stopped a penalty by Inter striker and Ballon d'Or holder Ronaldo. Buffon celebrated the save by showing the Parma fans a Superman T-shirt, which he was wearing underneath his jersey; the nickname was also a reference to Buffon's athleticism, agility and aerial ability.[36]

In the 2000–01 season, Buffon helped lead Parma to another Coppa Italia Final, in which they were defeated by Fiorentina;[45] the team suffered a third-round elimination in the UEFA Cup, however. Parma also finished the season in fourth place for the third consecutive year, which allowed them to go through to the Champions League play-off round.[35] Buffon was voted Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year for the second time in his career, and he also placed third in the IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper award.[46]

Buffon transferred from Parma to Juventus in the summer of 2001 for €53 million, along with former Parma teammate Lilian Thuram, and was handed the number 1 shirt as the starting goalkeeper, replacing Edwin van der Sar, who was sold to Fulham.[51] Buffon later said that there had been an initial possibility for him to join Roma, but they signed Ivan Pelizzoli instead, and although negotiations were ongoing with Barcelona, he chose Juventus because his father convinced him he would be likely to achieve his ambition of winning the Scudetto.[52] This transfer fee made Buffon Juventus's most expensive purchase ever.[53]

Buffon made his Juventus debut in Serie A during the 2001–02 season, on 26 August 2001, keeping a clean sheet in a 4–0 home win over Venezia in the opening match of the Serie A season.[1] He kept two more clean sheets until he was beaten by Massimo Marazzina in a 3–2 home win over Chievo on the fourth match-day.[54] In his first season with Juventus, Buffon appeared in 45 official matches, helping his team to the Serie A title, as Juventus finished the season with the best defence in Italy, with Buffon only conceding 22 goals in 34 Serie A matches.[55] Juventus also finished as runners-up in the Coppa Italia that season to Buffon's former club, Parma; Buffon only made one appearance in the competition that season. Juventus were, however, eliminated in the second group stage of the UEFA Champions League. Buffon was awarded his third Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year Award at the end of the season for his performances, and he was nominated for the UEFA Team of the Year for the first time in his career, losing out to Rüştü Reçber.[56]

At the beginning of the 2002–03 season, Juventus won the 2002 Supercoppa Italiana against Parma.[57] Buffon had a dominant year, totalling 47 appearances in all competitions, of which 32 were in Serie A. He helped Juventus to the UEFA Champions League Final, only for his team to lose in a penalty shoot-out to Milan after a 0–0 draw. Buffon managed to save two penalties, but Milan won the shootout 3–2.[31] Buffon drew praise, however, for making a reaction save on a close-range header by Filippo Inzaghi during the final.[58] Buffon saved a Luís Figo penalty in the second leg of the semi-finals, against defending champions Real Madrid, in Turin. Juventus progressed to the final, winning 4–3 on aggregate.[59] Juventus managed to celebrate their second consecutive Serie A title that season, finishing the season with the best defence yet again, as Buffon conceded only 23 goals in 32 appearances. In 2003, Buffon received the Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year for the fourth time. He also became the only goalkeeper ever to win the now defunct UEFAMost Valuable Player or UEFA Club Footballer of the Year award. He also won the UEFA Best Goalkeeper award, and was elected to the UEFA Team of the Year for the first time.[60][61] He was also named the IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper for the first time in his career.[62] Buffon was also nominated for the 2003 Ballon d'Or that season, finishing in ninth place.[63]

In August 2005, Buffon collided with Milan midfielder Kaká during the annual preseason Trofeo Luigi Berlusconi match, suffering a dislocated shoulder that required surgery.[67] Milan loaned backup goalkeeper Christian Abbiati to Juventus as compensation while Buffon recovered.[68] Buffon returned to the Juventus starting lineup in November, but injury again sidelined him until January.[68] He recovered in time to help Juventus win their second consecutive Scudetto and his fourth overall, returning to the starting line-up in January 2006, in a Coppa Italia match against Fiorentina.[69] Juventus were, however, once again knocked out in the quarter-finals of the Champions League by runners-up Arsenal, and in the quarter-finals of the Coppa Italia on away goals to runners-up Roma. Buffon was named IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper for the third time in his career[66] and Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year for the sixth time. He was also placed second in the 2006 Ballon d'Or and eighth in the FIFA World Player of the Year Award behind his winning Italy teammate Fabio Cannavaro, and was elected as the starting goalkeeper for both the 2006 FIFPro XI and the UEFA Team of the Year, following his fifth consecutive nomination.[56][70] Buffon made his 200th appearance for Juventus that season in a 2–0 away defeat at the hands of Arsenal in the quarter-finals of the Champions League.[54]

On 12 May 2006, several players, including Buffon, were accused of participating in illegal betting on Serie A matches. Buffon voluntarily co-operated, allowing himself to be interrogated by Turin magistrates. While admitting that he did place bets on sporting matches (until regulations went into effect in late 2005, banning players from doing so), he vehemently denied placing wagers on Italian football matches.[71] Despite concerns that he had jeopardised his chance of playing for Italy in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, he was officially named Italy's starting goalkeeper on 15 May and helped Italy to win their fourth title.[31] Buffon was cleared of all charges by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC) on 27 June 2007. Following Juventus's punishment in the Calciopoli scandal, in which their two most recent Serie A titles were stripped and the squad were relegated to Serie B and penalised with a point deduction, rumours spread that Buffon would be placed on the transfer market.[72] Buffon elected to remain with Juventus, despite the team's relegation,[31][73] a decision which made him extremely popular with the Juventus fans.[74]

After Juventus won the Serie B title in the 2006–07 season,[31] promoting them back to Serie A, Buffon signed a contract extension with Juventus until 2012.[75] Buffon was elected as the goalkeeper for the 2007 FIFPro XI for the second consecutive year,[76] and the IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper for a record-breaking fourth time.[66] During the Serie B season, Buffon received the first red card of his career in a match against AlbinoLeffe on 18 November 2006.[69] Before the beginning of the 2007–08 Serie A season, Buffon renewed his contract with Juventus until 2012.[69]

Buffon was a key player for Juventus in the 2007–08 season, their first back in the top flight, as he helped Juventus to a third-place finish, and Champions League qualification. Juventus lost to runners-up Inter in the Coppa Italia quarter-finals. Buffon was named Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year for the seventh time in his career. Buffon was also nominated for the Ballon d'Or in 2008 for the sixth consecutive time in his career since 2003,[77] and the FIFA World Player of the Year Award.[78] During this season, Buffon began to suffer problems with his back, caused by a herniated disc, which frequently keep him sidelined during the next few seasons.[69] On 10 March 2008, Buffon renewed his contract until 2013, expressing his desire to win everything with the club.[69]

In the 2008–09 season, Buffon was once again sidelined by several injuries.[79] From September through January, reserve goalkeeper Alexander Manninger held his position between the sticks, gaining praise for his deputising.[80] Due to recurring injuries, Manninger’s performances and Juventus's poor form towards the end of the season (as Buffon was seen despondent whilst the team drew with both Lecce and Atalanta), there were further rumours that Buffon was displeased and wanted to part ways with the club.[81] He admitted he was disappointed with the current results, but assured that he had no intention of leaving. After a discussion with management, he said he was reassured about the club's future and signed a contract extension to 2013. Buffon and Juventus finished the season on a high note, with two victories, finishing in second place behind Internazionale. They were knocked out of the Coppa Italia semi-finals by eventual champions Lazio and of the Champions League in the Round of 16 by Chelsea. Buffon was nominated for the FIFA World Player of the Year in 2009 for the sixth consecutive season since first being nominated in 2004. Buffon made his 300th appearance for Juventus in a 3–3 home draw against Chievo in 2009.[54]

Juventus and Buffon began the 2009–10 season strongly, although the squad suffered a severe dip in form as they were eliminated from the Champions League, finishing third in their group. They were subsequently eliminated in the Round of 16 of the Europa League against Fulham. Juventus were knocked out in the quarter-finals of the Coppa Italia to eventual champions Inter, and finished the Serie A season in a disappointing seventh place, only qualifying for the 2010–11 Europa League through the playoff round. Buffon was often sidelined that season, due to several recurring injuries.[82] In 2010, Buffon was voted goalkeeper of the decade by IFFHS.[83]

During the 2011–12 season under new manager and former club midfielder Antonio Conte,[85] Juventus were once again a dominating force in Serie A. Buffon re-found his form, and made numerous notable saves throughout the season, including stopping a penalty kick from Francesco Totti, which enabled Juventus to capture a crucial draw against Roma at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome.[86] Buffon's fine form at the end of the first half of the season saw elected Juventus's Player of the Month in December 2011 by fans.[87] Buffon kept his 15th clean sheet of the season in Juventus's victory over rivals Inter in the Derby d'Italia;[88] after the match, he was described as "the best goalkeeper in Italy and probably the World."[88] Juventus finished the season unbeaten,[31] winning their first Scudetto since the Calciopoli scandal, and qualifying for the 2012–13 Champions League after a two-year absence. Buffon described it as the second highest point of his career, after the 2006 World Cup victory.[89]

Playing behind a strong three-man defensive line under Conte's newly established 3–5–2 formation, made up predominantly of Giorgio Chiellini, Leonardo Bonucci, and Andrea Barzagli,[90] Buffon obtained a personal record of 21 clean sheets in Serie A,[91][92] and only conceded a personal best of 16 goals from 35 appearances (an average of 0.46 goals per game), as Juventus finished the season with the best defence in Italy,[93] and became the European team with the second-best defence that season, after Porto.[94] Buffon made 81 saves in Serie A that season[95][96] and his 82 percent save percentage was the highest of any goalkeeper playing in one of Europe's five major leagues.[97][98] Buffon was included in the 2011–12 Serie A Team of the Year for his performances.[99] Juventus also made the Coppa Italia Final that season,[100] although Buffon did not play in this competition.

Buffon kept a clean sheet in a 1–0 Coppa Italia win against Cagliari, allowing Juventus to progress to the quarter-finals of the tournament. On 16 December, Juventus defeated Atalanta 3–0, allowing Juventus to once again claim the unofficial title of "Serie A Winter Champions," with the best defence in Serie A, having only conceded ten goals in 17 matches. This was also Buffon's 20th clean sheet in 2012, the most of any other goalkeeper in Europe.[111][112] Buffon was voted second in the IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper award, behind Iker Casillas, and was named as goalkeeper of the century by the same organisation.[113][114] On 23 January 2013, Buffon signed a contract extension with Juventus, keeping him at the club until 2015.[115] On 27 January 2013, Buffon was awarded the Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year award for the eighth time in his career.[116] Juventus retained their Serie A title that season, and finished the league with the best defence, as Buffon conceded just 19 goals. The league victory allowed Buffon to lift the Serie A trophy as captain for the first time. Juventus were eliminated in the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia to winners Lazio, and in the quarter-finals of the Champions League to winners Bayern Munich.

On 18 August 2013, Juventus began the 2013–14 season by defending their Supercoppa Italiana title, at the Stadio Olimpico, in Rome. Juventus defeated Lazio 4–0, with Buffon keeping a clean sheet in the competition for the first time; Buffon was praised for making several saves.[117][118] On 24 November, Buffon made his 500th appearance in Serie A, keeping a clean sheet in a 2–0 away win against Livorno.[119] On 6 December, Buffon recorded his seventh consecutive clean sheet, and his ninth of the season; as a result, he bettered his previous personal record of 568 minutes without conceding a goal in Serie A, going 640 minutes without being beaten in the Italian League.[120] Buffon was finally beaten by Maximiliano Moralez in a 4–1 win over Atalanta, after going 745 minutes without conceding a goal in Serie A, and equalling Luca Marchegiani's sixth-best unbeaten streak in Serie A history.[121] Buffon was nominated for the 2013 FIFPro XI and the 2013 Ballon d'Or for his performances throughout the calendar year.[122]

In 2013, Buffon was once again named the second best goalkeeper in the world by IFFHS, behind Manuel Neuer.[123] His performances earned him the Juventus player of the month award for December 2013.[124] On 16 March 2014, Buffon saved the 20th penalty of his career in a 1–0 away win over Genoa, equalising Dino Zoff's 476 appearances for Juventus as the club's fifth all-time appearance holder.[125][126] Buffon lifted the Serie A title for the third consecutive year, captaining the team to their 30th league title.[127]

During the 2013–14 season, Juventus managed an Italian-record of 102 points, including a Serie A record of 33 victories; Juventus finished with the best defence of the league, yet again. Buffon managed 89 saves and 18 clean sheets in 33 appearances during the Serie A season, and conceded 19 goals.[128][129] Juventus were eliminated in the group stage of the Champions League, although they later managed to reach the semi-finals of the Europa League, losing out to Benfica. Buffon was chosen as part of the 2013–14 Europa League Team of the Season for his performances throughout the tournament.[130] On 1 July 2014, Buffon signed a contract extension that would keep him at the club until 2017.[131]

2014–2015: Second Champions League Final and first Coppa Italia with Juventus[edit]

"He is a benchmark for me, and for every keeper of my generation. When I started playing, I had a dream – I dreamed of becoming like him, and every time I play against him it's a real pleasure."

—Real Madrid and Spain goalkeeper Iker Casillas on Buffon and his 500th appearance with Juventus.[15]

In the summer of 2014, manager Antonio Conte left Juventus to take charge of the Italian national side, and former Milan manager, Massimiliano Allegri, was called in as a replacement. Juve opened the 2014–15 season with a 1–0 away win over Chievo, with Buffon keeping a clean sheet and saving from Maxi López in the second half.[132] On 27 September, Buffon saved a Germán Denis penalty in a 3–0 away win over Atalanta, helping Juventus to keep their fifth consecutive clean sheet in Serie A. He was eventually beaten by a Francesco Totti penalty in a 3–2 home win over Roma on 5 October after going unbeaten for 616 minutes that season.[133][134] Including the previous season, Buffon managed to go 801 minutes in total without conceding a league goal; at the time, this record had only been bettered by Dino Zoff and Sebastiano Rossi.[135] On 29 October, Buffon made his 500th appearance for Juventus in a 1–0 away loss to Genoa.[136] On 1 November 2014, Buffon made his 400th League appearance with Juventus (37 of which were in Serie B, and 363 of which were in Serie A), keeping a clean sheet in a 2–0 away win over Empoli.[137] On 24 November, Buffon was nominated for the 2014 FIFPro World XI for a record 10th time. He is currently the only goalkeeper to have been nominated for the award every year since its inception in 2005.[138] The same week, Buffon was also nominated for the UEFA Team of the Year.[139]

Buffon playing for Juventus in 2014.

On 15 December 2014, Buffon was named Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year for the ninth time in his career, and was elected to the 2014 Serie A Team of the Year.[140] On 22 December, Juventus were defeated by Napoli in the 2014 Supercoppa Italiana 8–7 on penalties, following a 2–2 draw after extra-time. Although Buffon made several saves during the match, and managed to stop three penalties in the shoot-out, he was unable to prevent his team from losing the title.[141][142] Buffon placed fourth in the 2014 IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper Award, behind Manuel Neuer, Thibaut Courtois and Keylor Navas; this was the 15th consecutive year in which he had been named as one of the world's top five goalkeepers.[143] On 15 February 2015, Buffon surpassed Gaetano Scirea as the Juventus player with the second most minutes played in Serie A, behind only Giampiero Boniperti.[144] On 2 March 2015, Buffon equalled Scirea as the Juventus player with the second most appearances in Serie A, behind only Alessandro Del Piero.[145][146][147] He later surpassed Scirea on 14 March, making his 378th Serie A appearance with Juventus in a 1–0 away win over Palermo.[148] After keeping a clean sheet in the second leg of the Champions League quarter-final against Monaco on 22 April, Buffon overtook Dida as the goalkeeper with the fourth-highest number of clean sheets in Champions League history, with 36.[149] On 26 April, Buffon made his 528th appearance for Juventus in all competitions, equalling Giuseppe Furino as the player with third-most appearances for the club; he overtook Furino on 29 April.[150] On 2 May, Buffon kept a clean sheet in a 1–0 away win over Sampdoria, as Juventus won their fourth consecutive Serie A title.[151] On 13 May, Buffon produced a Man of the Match performance as Juventus drew 1–1 with Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu in the second leg of the UEFA Champions League semi-final, only being beaten by a Cristiano Ronaldo penalty; the result allowed Buffon to progress to his second career Champions League Final with Juventus, 12 years after his last appearance.[152] On 20 May, he won his first Coppa Italia title with Juventus, despite not featuring throughout the tournament that season.[153] On 23 May, in his 900th career appearance,[154] Buffon saved a Lorenzo Insigne penalty in a 3–1 home win over Napoli in Serie A.[155]

On 15 July 2015, Buffon was named to the ten-man shortlist for the 2015 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award.[160] His save on Dani Alves in the Champions League Final was also nominated for the UEFA Save of the Season Award, finishing on a tied third-place in the voting.[161]

2015–2016: Fifth consecutive Scudetto and record Serie A unbeaten streak[edit]

On 8 August, Buffon kept a clean sheet as Juventus defeated Lazio 2–0 in the 2015 Supercoppa Italiana to win the title for a record seventh time. This was also Buffon's record sixth title, and his fifth with Juventus.[162] On 12 August, it was announced that he placed fourth in the 2015 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award.[163] Buffon was named the first Juventus Player of the Month of the 2015–16 season for September by fans after a series of consistent performances.[164] On 21 October 2015, Buffon overtook Alessandro Del Piero's record for most minutes played with Juventus in the 73rd minute of Juventus's 0–0 home draw against Borussia Mönchengladbach, in the Champions League group stage.[165] In the return group fixture against Borussia Mönchengladbach on 3 November, he made his 100th Champions League appearance, which ended in a 1–1 draw.[166] On 21 November, he made his 552nd appearance for Juventus in a 1–0 home win over Milan, equalling Scirea as the club's second-highest appearance holder in all competitions, behind only Alessandro Del Piero.[167] The following week, Buffon was nominated for the 2015 UEFA Team of the Year,[168] also making his 100th appearance for Juventus in European Club Competitions in a 1–0 home win over Manchester City on 25 November.[169] The following day, Buffon was included in the 55-player shortlist for the 2015 FIFPro World XI,[170] despite having previously been omitted from the list of candidates for the 2015 FIFA Ballon d'Or.[171] On 4 December 2015, Buffon made his 400th Serie A appearance with Juventus in a 2–0 away win over Lazio.[172] For his performances throughout the previous season, Buffon was named Serie A Goalkeeper of the Year for the tenth time in his career on 14 December, and subsequently to the 2015 Serie A Team of the Year.[173] Later that month, he was named one of the three finalists for the Globe Soccer Player of the Year Award.[174] On 6 January 2016, he placed second in the 2015 IFFHS World's Best Goalkeeper Award, once again behind Manuel Neuer.[175]

"Watching him close-up in training and during games is really quite impressive. Weaknesses? He has none."

On 28 February 2016, Buffon kept his eighth consecutive clean sheet in Serie A in a 2–0 win over Inter. In the process, he set a new personal best in the top flight, and the outright sixth-best unbeaten streak in the history of the Italian league, after going 746 minutes without conceding a goal in Serie A, overtaking De Sanctis and Marchegiani.[177] In the following league match against Atalanta on 6 March, he extended his unbeaten record by keeping another clean sheet in a 2–0 away win, also equalling Dino Zoff's and Sebastiano Rossi's league record of 9 consecutive clean sheets in Serie A. His unbeaten streak of 836 minutes without conceding a goal was the third best unbeaten streak in Serie A history, behind only Zoff and Rossi, and was also the longest period a goalkeeper has gone without conceding a goal since three points for a win were introduced in Serie A during the 1994–95 season.[178][179] He overtook Zoff in a 1–0 home victory over Sassuolo on 11 March, achieving a league record 10 consecutive clean sheets, and extended his unbeaten streak to 926 minutes without conceding a goal, only three minutes behind the all-time record holder, Rossi;[180] the last time he had conceded a goal was when he was beaten by Antonio Cassano, in the 64th minute of a 2–1 away win over Sampdoria, on 10 January 2016.[181][182] Buffon surpassed Rossi's record of 929 minutes by 45 minutes in a 4–1 away win over inter-city rivalsTorino on 20 March, and set the new all-time record at 974 consecutive minutes without conceding a goal; Andrea Belotti finally ended his goalless streak by beating him from the penalty spot in the 48th minute of the same match.[183][184]

On 24 April, Buffon saved a late penalty from Nikola Kalinić to secure a 2–1 away victory over Fiorentina,[185] his 13th penalty save in Serie A;[186] following Napoli’s defeat against Roma the following day, Juventus clinched their record fifth consecutive Serie A title with three games at hand.[185][187] In addition to his decisive saves and record breaking unbeaten streak,[183][188][189] Buffon was praised for his leadership, and his role in motivating the team following their defeat against Sassuolo on 28 October 2015, as Juventus subsequently went on a 25-match unbeaten streak to come back from 12th place after 10 matches to win the title.[188][190][191] For his key performances in helping Juventus capture the league title, Buffon was named the Juventus player of the month for April 2016.[192] On 11 May, Buffon extended his contract until the end of the 2017–18 season.[193] Throughout the 2015–16 season, Buffon had managed to equal his personal best of 21 clean sheets in a single league season, and was voted Juventus's player of the season.[194]

On 18 July, Buffon was included in the 10-man shortlist for the 2016 UEFA Best Player in Europe Award,[195] in which he finished sixth.[196]

On 11 October 2016, Buffon became the first goalkeeper ever to win the Golden Foot Award.[197] On 18 October, Buffon drew praise from pundits for his performance in his club's third fixture of the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League group stage, as he helped a 10-man Juventus to a 1–0 away win over Lyon; during the match, he saved Alexandre Lacazette’s penalty in the 35th minute (his first penalty save in the Champions League since 2003), and later also made a decisive stop on Nabil Fekir's deflected shot early into the second half, while he used his legs to deny Corentin Tolisso’s point-blank header in the 71st minute. The victory meant that Juventus had managed to earn their first ever away victory against a French side in the Champions League, while Buffon sealed his third consecutive clean sheet of the season in the competition, and the 42nd Champions League clean sheet of his career.[198][199][200] Following his performances throughout the calendar year, Buffon was included in the 30-man shortlist for the 2016 Ballon d'Or.[201] In Juventus's following Champions League group match on 2 November, a 1–1 home draw against Lyon, Buffon made his 100th Champions League appearance (excluding appearances in qualifying rounds), becoming the 29th player to reach this landmark.[202] On 4 November, he was included in the 23-player shortlist for The 2016 Best FIFA Men's Player Award.[203] On 6 November, Buffon earned his 600th Serie A appearance in a 2–1 away win against Chievo; the fourth player to reach this milestone.[204] His performances saw him earn the Juventus Player of the Month Award for October 2016.[205] On 21 November, Buffon was nominated for the UEFA Team of the Year for the ninth time his career, making him goalkeeper with the most nominations ever, alongside Iker Casillas.[206] On 1 December, Buffon was nominated for the 2016 FIFPro World XI, making him the only player, alongside Cristiano Ronaldo, to have been included in the shortlist every year since its inception in 2005.[207]

Buffon became the first choice goalkeeper during the Euro 2000 qualifying campaign and was due to start in goal during the finals under manager and former Italy goalkeeping legend Dino Zoff, but he broke his hand in a warm up match against Norway just a few days before Italy's opening match against Turkey. His starting place was taken by backup goalkeeper Francesco Toldo, and Christian Abbiati was called up as a replacement third keeper, with Francesco Antonioli being promoted to second goalkeeper.[216] Italy reached the final of the tournament, losing once again to France.[217]

Francesco Toldo's impressive performances at Euro 2000[218] meant that he retained his place in the team for the beginning of Italy's 2002 World Cup qualifying campaign. Buffon regained the goalkeeping spot for the fourth match of the qualification series, away to Romania, and was the starting goalkeeper for the remaining four matches under Giovanni Trapattoni[219] as Italy qualified with an unbeaten record.

Buffon played every minute of Italy's 2002 World Cup campaign,[31] keeping a clean sheet in the opening match against Ecuador,[220] and saving a controversial penalty against co-hosts South Korea in the round of 16, which was not enough to stop the under-performing side from being eliminated by a golden goal in extra time.[221] He also featured in every match in 2004 European Championships, keeping a clean sheet against Denmark,[222] although Italy, despite not losing a match, once again underperformed, and were eliminated in the first round on direct encounters following a three-way, five-point tie with Sweden and Denmark.[223]

Buffon was named Italy's second acting captain under Roberto Donadoni for Euro 2008 after incumbent Fabio Cannavaro was ruled out of the tournament due to injury, and as Italy's replacement captain Alessandro Del Piero was frequently deployed as a substitute. He made his first appearance as Italy's captain in the nation's opening fixture of Euro 2008 on 9 June, a 3–0 defeat to the Netherlands.[233][234] In the second game of the group stage against Romania on 13 June, he saved an 81st-minute penalty from Adrian Mutu to keep Italy's hopes alive following their opening defeat, as the match ended 1–1.[235] Buffon kept a clean sheet against France in the final group game, and garnered praise in the media for a notable save against Karim Benzema, as Italy won 2–0 to advance to the quarter-finals.[236] Italy were eliminated nine days later, when a 0–0 draw after extra-time led to a 4–2 penalty shootout loss to eventual champions Spain; Buffon saved one penalty in the shootout[237] and was elected to the Team of the Tournament for his performances.[238]

Upon Marcello Lippi's return, Buffon was confirmed as the starting goalkeeper. He played all three group matches during Italy's disappointing 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup campaign in South Africa, in which they finished third in their group in three-way three point tie.[239] He earned his 100th cap on 14 November 2009 in a friendly match against the Netherlands.[31] He was a key player in Italy's World Cup qualifying campaign as they finished top of their group, undefeated.[240]

In the 2010 World Cup, Buffon was replaced at half-time in Italy's 1–1 draw in their opening group stage match against Paraguay after he had a problem with his sciatic nerve.[31] He did not play again in the tournament and was substituted by Federico Marchetti.[241] Reigning champions Italy disappointed and failed to win a match, finishing last in their group with just two points earned. Lippi was dismissed after Italy's premature elimination from the World Cup.[242]

After the international retirement of Fabio Cannavaro, Buffon became the new captain of the national team under new manager Cesare Prandelli. On 9 February 2011, after recovering from a back injury, Buffon played his first game as Italy's official captain in a 1–1 friendly draw against Germany in Dortmund.[234] On 6 September 2011, after a 1–0 Italy win over Slovenia, Buffon surpassed Dino Zoff and established the new record for most minutes without conceding a goal in European Championship qualifying matches, going 644 minutes without conceding a goal;[243] the win also allowed Italy to qualify for Euro 2012. On 15 November 2011, in a friendly match against Uruguay, Buffon surpassed Zoff's number of caps for Italy (112), putting him behind only the retired former Italian captains Cannavaro and Paolo Maldini;[244] he overtook Zoff in Italy's next friendly match against the United States on 29 February 2012.[234] He was subsequently selected as Italy's starting goalkeeper and captain for Euro 2012 after leading his national side to qualify for the tournament undefeated, only conceding two goals.[245]

At Euro 2012, Buffon acted as captain during the entire tournament. He kept a clean sheet against the Republic of Ireland in the third group stage match[246] and against England, saving a crucial penalty from Ashley Cole in the quarter-final shootout, in which he was elected Man of the Match.[247] In the semi-final match against Germany, Buffon made several important saves, only being beaten by a penalty from Mesut Özil in the 92nd minute. Italy won the match 2–1 and advanced to the final against defending European and World champions Spain, with whom Italy had drawn 1–1 in the opening group stage match, only having conceded three goals; the semifinal victory qualified Italy for the 2013 Confederations Cup, as Spain had previously won the 2010 World Cup.[248] Italy were beaten 4–0 in the final as Spain claimed a record third consecutive major trophy, and their second consecutive European Championship title.[249] Buffon was once again elected to the Team of the Tournament for his performances.[31][250]

Buffon was included in the Italian squad for the 2013 Confederations Cup in Brazil and played in every match of the tournament as captain.[252] On 16 June 2013, he featured in Italy's opening 2–1 win against Mexico, where he was beaten only by a Javier Hernández penalty.[253] In the next game, on 19 June 2013 against Japan, the referee awarded Japan a penalty in the 20th minute of the first half when he declared that Shinji Okazaki had been brought down by Buffon after a misplaced back pass by Mattia De Sciglio; Buffon received a yellow card.[254] The squad's eventual 4–3 win allowed Italy to progress to the semi-finals of the competition for the first time, where they were to face Spain in a rematch of the Euro 2012 final. After a 0–0 draw, they lost 7–6 in the resulting penalty shootout. Although both Buffon and Spanish counterpart Iker Casillas had managed to keep a clean sheet throughout the match, neither goalkeeper was able to stop a penalty in the shootout; the lone miss, by Leonardo Bonucci, was hit over bar.[255] In the third-place match, Italy defeated Uruguay 3–2 in the penalty shootout after a 2–2 deadlock following extra time. Buffon saved three penalties; those taken by Diego Forlán, Juventus teammate Martín Cáceres and Walter Gargano.[256]

On 6 September 2013, Buffon earned his 135th cap for Italy in the 2014 World Cup qualifier against Bulgaria. This cap put him at only one cap from record appearance holder Fabio Cannavaro. Buffon kept a clean sheet for Italy in the 1–0 win and was praised for making several saves, earning the Man of the Match award. The win allowed Italy to move seven points clear in their qualifying group.[257][258][259][260] In the 2014 FIFA World Cup Qualifying fixture against the Czech Republic, at Juventus Stadium in Turin on 10 September 2013, Buffon equalled Cannavaro as the Italian national team record appearance holder, with 136 caps. Italy won the match 2–1, allowing them to qualify for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil as top of their group, with two games at hand; this was the first time that the Italian squad had done so.[261][262][263] On 11 October 2013, in a 2–2 World Cup qualifier draw against Denmark, Buffon surpassed Cannavaro, becoming the sole record appearance holder for Italy, with 137.[264] On 2 January 2014, Buffon was awarded the 2013 "Pallone Azzurro" award, which is given to the Italian national side's best player of the year.[265]

On 12 May, Buffon was named in Italy's 31-man preliminary World Cup squad by Cesare Prandelli, and on 31 May, he was named the starting goalkeeper and captain in the final squad.[269] Italy were placed in Group D, in the so-called "group of death," or "group of champions," with Costa Rica, England and Uruguay.[270][271] Buffon became the third player to be part of five World Cup squads, tying the records held by Mexican goalkeeper Antonio Carbajal and German footballer Lothar Matthäus.[272] Due to an ankle injury suffered in training, Buffon was not selected to start in Italy's first match of the World Cup against England on 14 June 2014; he was replaced by Salvatore Sirigu. Andrea Pirlo captained the team in his absence, as Italy won the match 2–1.[273]

In Italy's next group match, which ended in a 1–0 loss to Costa Rica, he captained his national side for the first time at a World Cup, the fourth World Cup in which he appeared.[274] In Italy's final group game against Uruguay, Buffon saved shots from Luis Suárez and Nicolás Lodeiro, as Italy were reduced to ten men following Claudio Marchisio's controversial red card. Buffon was eventually beaten in the 81st minute by a Diego Godín header, moments after an alleged Luis Suárez bite on Giorgio Chiellini.[275] Buffon was voted Man of the Match for his performance.[276] Italy finished in third place in their group, and were eliminated in the group stage for a second consecutive World Cup.[277]

Buffon made his first appearance for Italy under new manager Antonio Conte on 9 September 2014, captaining his team in their opening European Championship qualifying match against Norway in Oslo. He kept a clean sheet as Italy won the match 2–0.[278][279] On 12 June 2015, Buffon became the first player to appear in 50 UEFA competitive international matches in Italy's 1–1 away draw against Croatia in a European qualifying match. Buffon saved an early Mario Mandžukić penalty, but was taken off at half time and replaced by Salvatore Sirigu due to an injury.[280] He made his 150th appearance for Italy on 6 September 2015, keeping a clean sheet in a home 1–0 win over Bulgaria, his 62nd clean sheet at the international level.[281] Italy qualified for Euro 2016 on 10 October in a 3–1 win over Azerbaijan.[282]

After the Euro qualification, Buffon stated that Euro 2016 would be the final European Championship of his career,[283] but expressed his intentions to retire only after the 2018 World Cup, which would see him play up to the age of 40.[284] On 31 May 2016, Buffon was named the captain of Conte's 23-man Italy squad for Euro 2016.[285] In Italy's first game of the tournament on 13 June, Buffon kept a clean sheet in a 2–0 victory over Belgium.[286] This was Buffon's 14th appearance at the European Championships, making him Italy's out-right most capped player of all-time in the tournament, after overtaking Maldini, Del Piero and Cassano; with his fourth tournament appearance, he also equalled Del Piero for the most UEFA European Championships played in by an Italian player.[287] He kept another clean sheet in a 1–0 win over Sweden in Italy's second group fixture on 17 June, which allowed his nation to top the group and advance to the second round, although he was later booked in injury time for time-wasting.[288] Due to a bout of fever, Buffon was rested in Italy's final group match on 22 June,[289] a 1–0 defeat against Ireland, and was replaced by deputy Sirigu.[290] He returned to the starting line-up for his nation's round of 16 fixture against Spain on 27 June, making a crucial injury time save on Gerard Pique to earn his third consecutive clean sheet of the tournament, as Italy avenged their Euro 2012 final defeat with a 2–0 victory over the defending champions.[291] After a 1–1 draw following extra time in Italy's quarter-final fixture against Germany on 2 July, Buffon saved one penalty in the resulting shoot-out, although the reigning World Cup champions would ultimately emerge victorious following a 6–5 shoot-out loss.[292] His one on one save to deny Mario Gómez in regulation time was later nominated for the UEFA Save of the Season Award.[293] By the end of the following month, his nominated save on Gómez finished third with 14 percent of the votes.[294]

On 6 October 2016, Buffon made an error that enabled Spain to take a 1–0 lead in a 2018 World Cup qualifying match in Turin in the 55th minute when he mistimed his tackle and allowed Vitolo to go round him and roll the ball into an empty net; the match ended in a 1–1 draw.[295][296] During the latter match, he made his 164th appearance for Italy, making him the joint eighth-most capped international player of all time with Cobi Jones, and the second-most capped active international player, behind only Iker Casillas.[297] On 15 November 2016, Buffon won his 167th Italy cap in their friendly 0–0 draw in Milan against Germany, equalling the European international appearance record jointly held by Iker Casillas and Vitālijs Astafjevs, and making him the most capped active international player in the world alongside Casillas.[298]

"The best goalkeeper I have ever faced was Buffon. When I was at Juventus, it was already difficult to get past Cannavaro and Thuram in defence during training sessions. If I managed to get past them, then I would find Buffon, and it was almost impossible to beat him!"

Buffon is renowned for his consistent performances throughout his career, and has received praise from managers, players and present and former goalkeeping colleagues, for his concentration, composure, work-rate, and longevity.[7][263][300][301][302][303][304] Regarded as one of the best ever players in his position, he is often considered to be the archetype of the modern goalkeeper.[300][305][306] He has been described as "an agile, strong, and commanding shot-stopper, who is hugely experienced at the highest level" and "an accomplished and well respected keeper"[24][307][308] with an "[e]xcellent positional sense, courage, power and class."[309] Buffon has been praised for his athleticism, his "outstanding shot-stopping",[23] his acrobatic dives, and his quick reflexes,[307][310] as well as his ability to produce decisive saves,[311] despite being a tall, large, and physically imposing keeper.[302][312] Although he has at times been criticsed for not being particularly adept at stopping penalties,[313] he has also proven to be effective in this area, as demonstrated by his penalty-saving record.[314][315][316]

"There have been some very good goalkeepers in my era, but Buffon is there for consistency. Most of the goalkeepers have had times when their form has not been so good, but Buffon has been at such a high level for so long."

In his prime, Buffon was a talented, complete, confident, courageous, and aggressive goalkeeper, who was recognised for his speed, prowess, and anticipation when coming off his line in one on one situations, as well as his goalkeeping technique, and ability to get to ground quickly to collect, parry, or even challenge for the ball with his feet; when playing in teams that relied upon high defensive lines, he often functioned as a sweeper-keeper, frequently rushing out of his area to clear the ball or face opponents who had beaten the offside trap.[29][35][300][301][314][318][319][320][321][322] He was also highly regarded for his handling, aerial ability, and command of the area;[14][302][308][323][324][325] however, throughout his career, Buffon has occasionally been accused by pundits of being overly cautious and not always coming out to collect crosses,[24][326][327] and for preferring to punch the ball out to his team-mates at times rather than holding on to it.[328][329] Although not as adept with the ball at his feet as the newer generation of goalkeepers that emerged in his later career,[327][330] Buffon also possesses reliable distribution, footwork, and ball skills, which allow him to play the ball out from the back, and which occasionally led him to take on opponents in his youth, when put under pressure by on-running strikers.[301][302][320][331][332][333][334]

In recent years, Buffon effectively adapted his style of goalkeeping to the physical effects of ageing, while also modifying his diet and training regime, and has developed into a less spectacular, but more efficient goalkeeper;[300][301][320] despite the loss of some of his physical strength, explosiveness, speed and mobility, he has continued to excel at the highest level due to the consistency of his performances, as well as his positioning between the posts, tactical intelligence, decision-making, and his ability to read the game and organise his defence.[23][30][32][301][320][335] In addition to his goalkeeping abilities, Buffon has been singled out for his charisma, discipline in training, vocal presence in goal, and leadership,[302][336] and has been described as "a key dressing room personality."[23][32][301]

While at Parma, Buffon's decision to wear the number 88 shirt, rather than his previous number 1 shirt, for the 2000–01 season caused controversy in Italy. However, Buffon claimed to be unaware of the number's neo-Nazi connotations, stating that 88 represented "four balls," which are symbols of the character and attributes of a person.[337] He stated that they were meant to signify his need for these attributes after his injury prior to Euro 2000, and that they also represented his "rebirth."[337] He subsequently offered to change numbers,[338] choosing the squad number 77,[339] after carefully researching its meaning.[340]

In September 1999, he faced heavy criticism and severe disciplinary sanctions for bearing the fascist slogan "Boia chi molla" ("who gives up is a scoundrel") handwritten on a T-shirt under his goalkeeping jersey, which he proceeded to wear and show during media interviews after the match.[341] Buffon publicly apologised, stating that it was a stupid and naïve gesture, because he was completely ignorant of the slogan's neo-fascist connotations,[338] stating that he had first encountered the slogan written on a boarding school desk, and was unaware of its far right-wing association and, in particular, its use with the neo-fascists in Reggio Calabria during the Reggio revolt in the early 1970s.[340] He declared that he merely intended to use the slogan to spur on his teammates and the fans, as Parma had previously encountered some disappointing results.[342]

On 12 May 2006, during the height of the Calciopoli scandal, Buffon was accused of illegally betting on Serie A matches, which initially put his place in Italy's 2006 World Cup squad at risk.[343] Buffon was formally interrogated and admitted placing bets on sporting matches until players were forbidden from doing so in October 2005, but denied ever placing wagers on Italian football matches.[344] He was cleared of all charges in December 2006.[345]

Buffon has been sponsored by German sportswear company Puma during his career, wearing Puma gloves and Puma King football boots, and has appeared in Puma commercials.[346] Buffon has also featured in Pepsi commercials, including an advertisement for the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, where he lined up alongside several other footballers, including David Beckham, Raúl and Roberto Carlos, in taking on a team of sumo players.[347] In 2009, Buffon, an avid poker player and gambler, was hired by PokerStars to endorse their products.[348]

Buffon married Czech model Alena Šeredová in June 2011, although they had been in a relationship together since 2005. They have two children, Louis Thomas (born in 2007 and named after Buffon's idol Thomas N'Kono)[34] and David Lee (born in 2009).[55][354] In May 2014, Buffon announced that he had separated from his wife after three years of marriage.[355] He was soon romantically linked to Italian sports pundit, journalist, and television host Ilaria D'Amico.[356] In 2015, Buffon announced that the couple were expecting a child together.[357] On 6 January 2016, the couple announced the birth of their son Leopoldo Mattia on Twitter earlier that evening.[358] Prior to his relationship and marriage to Šeredová, Buffon had also previously been engaged to a sprinter from the Italy national athletics team, Vincenza Calì.[359]

In 2013, Buffon claimed to have suffered with bouts of depression during the 2003–04 season, following Juventus's penalty shoot-out defeat in the 2003 Champions League final, and due to Juventus's negative performance that season. Buffon regularly visited a psychologist and overcame his depression prior to Euro 2004.[263]

On 14 November 2008, Buffon released the Italian edition of his autobiography, Numero 1, which was written in collaboration with writer Roberto Perrone.[360] In December 2009, Buffon was included in The Sun's "Team of the Decade."[361]

On 16 July 2010, Buffon became a share-holding partner of Carrarese (his hometown and favourite childhood club, along with Genoa); he initially owned 50 percent of the club's shares, along with Cristiano Lucarelli and Maurizio Mian.[362] On 10 June 2011, he acquired 20 percent of the club's shares, confirming and increasing his support for his hometown club.[363] On 6 July 2012, Buffon become the sole shareholder of Carrarese through his family's company, Buffon & co.[364] In May 2015, Buffon stated that he would be stepping down from his position as the owner of Carrarese at the end of the 2014–15 season;[365] in July, he sold 70 percent of Carrarese's shares to the Italian real estate developer Raffaele Tartaglia, who took control of the club, although Buffon still remained with the club as a minority shareholder.[366] After continuing to struggle with financial difficulties, the club officially declared bankruptcy on 11 March 2016.[367]

On 30 May 2011, he joined the Board of Directors of the Italian textile company Zucchi Group S.p.A., with a share of 19.4 percent.[368] Despite the company's financial difficulties, in 2015, Buffon, who had by then acquired 56 percent of the company's shares, had reportedly invested €20 million in order to save the company from bankruptcy. In late December, Zucchi was acquired by a French investment fund, Astrance Capital, which took control of Buffon's company GB Holding, under an agreement to restructure Zucchi Group's debt, while Buffon was allowed to retain a 15 percent share in the company.[369]

On 7 May 2012, Buffon was elected vice president of the Italian Footballers' Association (AIC); this was the first time an active footballer had held this position.[370][371] That same year, Buffon joined the "Respect Diversity" Programme, through UEFA, which aimed to fight against racism, discrimination and intolerance of any kind.[372] Later that year, he was voted the 20th best footballer in the world by The Guardian, finishing as the second highest ranked goalkeeper, behind Iker Casillas.[373]

Buffon is also known for his charity work. In addition to his other charitable endeavours, after every match he auctions off his personalised captain's armband for charity.[375] On 1 September 2014, Buffon, along with many current and former footballing stars, took part in the "Match for Peace," which was played at Rome's Stadio Olimpico, with the proceeds being donated to charity.[376]

In 2015, France Football rated him as one of the ten best footballers in the world who are over the age of 36.[379] In 2016, he was named the greatest goalkeeper in history by the same magazine.[18] Later that year, he was also named the greatest goalkeeper of all-time in the UEFA Champions League in an official UEFA online Twitter poll.[380]