Fossil fuels that are located beneath the ocean
must be removed from under the sea bed basically
in the same way that they are removed from
underground on land: through drilling and mining.
However, this is harder to do in the ocean
because of all the water that gets in the
way!

In order to mine coal from beneath the
sea bed, two main methods can be used. In areas
where the water is not very deep, the workers can
dig an underground mine just like they do on
land-- they can even dig the opening to the mind
on the shore, then dig out under the ocean like
theyre making a tunnel. They can work inside this
mine just as they would if the mine were located
on land, with the only difference being that there
is a lot of water (instead of just land) above
their tunnel! Another method is to use special
underwater equipment that digs out the coal. This
equipment can be controlled from a boat.

To
get oil and natural gas from under the ocean it is
necessary to dig a well, just like on land.
However, because the well is being dug underwater,
there are two problems. First, the workers are
not able to go down to where the well is being
dug. Instead they must work on an oil platform
sitting on the surface (just like the ones you see
in the ocean around Santa Barbara) and send a
drill deep down underwater. Second, when they
drill a hole for the oil, the water could go into
the hole or the oil could leak into the water. To
make sure this doesnt happen the workers must use
special techniques that keep the oil and water
from mixing.

Answer 2:

Fossil fuels like oil and coal are made when
dead plants and animals are under high heat and
pressure for millions of years.The kind of heat
and pressure it takes are deep underground.

Sometimes fossil fuels come to the surface on
their own, but most of the time we have to drill
or dig into the ground to get them. People can
drill into the sand and rock that makes up the
bottom of the sea in order to get oil and natural
gas.

Drilling under the sea bed is harder
to do because the drilling rigs have to be on
platforms that either float in the water or stand
on the ocean floor. These platforms are huge and
expensive. A drilling rig can cost $500 million.
It can be dangerous for the people on the rig and
to the living things around the rigs.

The
gas and oil may be under enough pressure that they
will come to the surface on their own. If not,
the drillers can force sea water down the hole.
Water and gas are lighter than water, so the will
come to the top.