Conservation groups expressed outrage Friday after resistance led by China and Russia stymied efforts to carve out new marine sanctuaries and protect thousands of species across Antarctica.

Hopes were high that a reserve covering 1.6 million square kilometres (640,000 square miles) would be green-lighted for the pristine Ross Sea, the world's most intact marine ecosystem.

Nations led by Australia and the European Union also wanted 1.9 million square kilometres of critical coastal area in the East Antarctic safeguarded.

But two-week long talks at the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), made up of 24 countries and the European Union, at Hobart in Australia ended without resolution.

Instead, CCAMLR will hold an intercessional meeting in Germany in July after China, Russia and Ukraine raised concerns about fishing restrictions which saw the talks fail, officials said.

In a statement, CCAMLR said establishing marine reserves was "a complex process involving a large amount of scientific research as well as international diplomacy".

"It was decided... that further consideration of the proposals is needed."

The Antarctic Ocean Alliance, made up of 30 international organisations including the Pew Environment Group, WWF and Greenpeace, said it was hugely disappointed.

"CCAMLR members failed to establish any large-scale Antarctic marine protection at this meeting because a number of countries actively blocked conservation efforts," said alliance official Steve Campbell.

An official at the meeting told AFP she felt it was as much a show of political power by China and Russia as fishing restrictions.

"I think there was a little bit of 'Don't tell us what we can or can't do', as well as keeping their options open," the official said.

Farah Obaidullah from Greenpeace accused CCAMLR of behaving more like a fisheries organisation than one dedicated to conservation of Antarctic waters.

"The question now is whether countries like Russia, China and the Ukraine will come to the next meeting prepared to meet their conservation commitments," Obaidullah said.

The Antarctic region is home to big populations of penguins, seals and whales found nowhere else on Earth, and also has unique seafloor features that nurture early links in the food chain, according to environmental groups.

The Antarctic Ocean Alliance said climate change was affecting the abundance of important food sources for penguins, whales, seals and birds while growing demand for seafood was seeing greater interest in the Southern Ocean.

CCAMLR was established in 1982 with the goal of conserving marine life in the face of rising demands to exploit krill, a shrimp-like creature which is an important source of food for species in the Antarctic.

While the commission permits fishing, it must be carried out "in a sustainable manner and take account of the effects of fishing on other components of the ecosystem".

The push for protection in Hobart was widely supported by A-list personalities, with Leonardo DiCaprio launching a petition ahead of the meeting urging the creation of the largest marine sanctuary in the Antarctic ocean.

It has been signed by more than one million people.

Gerry Leape, senior officer at the Pew Environment Group, called the outcome a "resounding disappointment for conservation".

"In 2011, participating countries agreed to work together to protect and conserve the unique marine life that thrives in the ocean surrounding Antarctica," he said.

"Instead, they are heading home and leaving the door wide open to unchecked commercial fishing in these special areas."

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These missions gathered critical ice elevation and thickness data and gave those on the DC-8 spectacular views such as the Ellsworth Mountains-home of Antarctica's highest point, Vinson Massif (16,067 feet ... read more

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