Statue of a king named Ptolemy; the cartouche mentions his surname "Neos Dionysos", allowing identification with Ptolemy XII Auletes and Ptolemy XV Caesarion
59: Ptolemy XII Auletes promises 6,000 talents to Pompey and Julius Caesar (consul in 59), and is recognized as 'ally and fried of the Roman nation'; amnesty for the rebels in Egypt

58: Rome annexes Cyprus; riots in Alexandria; Ptolemy is forced to flee (September); the new ruler of Egypt is Berenice IV

57: Ptolemy visits Cyprus and Rome, but is unable to obtain support; he goes to Ephesus

56/55: The Roman governor in Syria, Aulus Gabinius, bribed by Ptolemy XII and encouraged by Pompey, agrees to support Ptolemy, who is in Alexandria in March 55; a Roman military unit supports the king. Berenice is executed in July.

52: Cleopatra VII made co-ruler

February/March 51: Death.

Egyptian title:Iwaenpanetjernehem Setepptah Irmaat; ankhdjet meryptah siese ("Son of the avenging god, Chosen by Ptah, Dispenser of justice; may he live forever, beloved of Ptah, son of Isis"; "avenging god" is the common translation of Soter, the surname of Ptolemy IX, but also refers to the god Horus, the reborn Osiris/Dionysus)