Korsakoff's Syndrome is associated with heavy drinking over a long period of time. It is not dementia in the strict sense, however it comes with short-term memory loss.

HIV-related cognitive impairment can arise particularly in the later stages of the disease.

Mild-cognitive impairment (MCI) describes people who have some memory problems but actually do not have dementia.

There are many other rarer causes of dementia, including progressive supranuclear palsy and Binswanger's disease. People with multiple sclerosis, motor neurone disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease can also be at an increased risk of developing dementia.