^Feast Day of Saint Matthew (in the
Catholic Church) Little enough
is known of any of the apostles. Of Paul, Peter, and John we have
the most detail. Regarding those apostles who bring up at the tail
of the apostolic lists, we have the least. Matthew is somewhere between.
His name was originally Levi. We know
that Matthew and Levi are the same because the gospels of Matthew
and Luke record a feast at which Jesus was criticized for association
with publicans: Luke attributes this banquet to Levi; Matthew attributes
it to Matthew. In his gospel,
Matthew tells that Christ approached him as he collected taxes and
said, “Follow me.” Immediately he arose and followed.
Perhaps he had had one too many arguments that day. Perhaps he had
been called one name too many. Since he worked a booth near Capurnaum,
he had, no doubt, heard of Christ. For all we know, Matthew may have
been one of the tax collectors converted by John. Although tax collectors
were generally hated by the Jews as rapacious instruments of the oppressive
Romans, nothing says Matthew was dishonest. Tax collectors came to
John the Baptist and asked what they should do. “Collect no
more than is owed you,” replied John.
At any rate he did what each of us must if we are to be saved: he
rose immediately and followed Jesus, leaving his past behind. His
humility is everywhere shown by his allusion to himself. “Matthew,
the publican,” he calls himself, branding himself with the profession
the Jews most hated. His original
name, Levi, suggests that he was a man of the priestly tribe. When
he wrote his gospel, after years of exposure to the teachings of Christ
and days of fierce persecution, his was the only one of the four which
directly addressed the Jews. Matthew showed deep interest in the priestly
and scribal functions of his class. His gospel more than any other
focuses on law and the fulfillment of scriptures and on genealogy
and detail which reflects his Jewish background. Christ's fierce denunciations
of the Pharisees and his prophecies of the end of the temple are most
fully recorded in the writing of this apostle.
Matthew's interest in money finds expression, too. The parable of
the talents is found only in his account along with many other beautiful
passages of great richness. Herbert Lockyer notes that Matthew uses
more words for money than any other gospel writer.
Matthew was well-to-do. As soon as he came to Christ he threw a party
and invited others of his unsavory profession. He wanted to share
Christ with them. No doubt similar concerns motivated him when he
wrote his gospel in an attempt to share Christ with the whole Jewish
race. We have nothing but legend about Matthews death.

^2002 Parliamentary election in Slovakia.
The party of hard-line nationalist former
prime minister, Vladimir Meciar gets about 18% of the vote, well below the
27% it polled in 1998 when he was kept from power by a broad rightist coalition.
Meciar again had no allies with which he
could form a majority government despite polling the largest single block
of votes. He was roundly criticized for human rights violations and flouting
democracy during his term as prime minister in 1994-1998.
A new rightist coalition is expected to expand ties with the West and prepare
Slovakia for membership of the NATO military alliance later in 2002 and
the European Union by 2004. Prime Minister Mikulas Dzurinda's party won
just over 17% of the votes, while his coalition partners, the Christian
Democrats, got 8%.The ethnic Hungarian party took about 10%. Those three
are expected to form a new pro-European Union government along with the
New Citizens' Alliance, founded in 2001 by television magnate Pavol Rusko.
His party won 8% of the vote.[photo: Rusko, left, awaits election
results with Dzurinda >] A populist
leftist party led by Robert Fico, 38, a former Communist, won 13% of the
vote, but it is unlikely to join the government. Dzurinda, 47 and a marathon
runner, has managed to put some growth back into the economy in the last
four years, but serious problems persist.

2000 An Iranian appeals court reduced the prison terms
for 10 Jews convicted of "cooperating" with Israel, in a case that had drawn
international criticism.1994 News media report that
Bill Gates has confirmed that Microsoft is developing an online service
akin to America Online. He told reporters that the company was negotiating
with content publishers and would also offer its own CD-ROM information
on line, including encyclopedias, sports information, and more. The project,
code named Marvel, became the Microsoft Network, which launched in August
1995.1994Newsweek said it would go online
as part of Prodigy's service on this day in 1994. Newsweek, the
last newsweekly to go online, said it would provide weekly news stories
and commentary, including images and sound, to Prodigy subscribers in November.
US News and World Report already offered its information through
CompuServe, and Time provided Internet content to America Online.1993 Primer encuentro de un Papa, Juan Pablo II, con el
gran rabino de Israel, en Castelgandolfo.

1993 America Online said it would provide Internet access
to subscribers for no extra charge. At the time, the Internet was text-based
and difficult to navigate, and most non-technical users preferred the colorful,
graphically driven proprietary online services. AOL would be one of the
first proprietary services to offer Internet access.1992
El Vaticano y México establecen relaciones diplomáticas, interrumpidas un
siglo antes. 1991 Armenia votes NO on whether to
remain in the Soviet Union 1991 An 18-hour hostage
drama ended in Sandy, Utah, as Richard L. Worthington, who had killed a
nurse and seized control of a hospital maternity ward, finally freed his
nine captives, including a baby who was born during the siege. (Worthington
committed suicide in prison in 1994.)

^1989 First Black US Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman
The Senate Armed Forces Committee unanimously
confirms President George Bush's nomination of Army General Colin
Powell as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. With the confirmation,
Powell became the first US Black to achieve the United States' highest
military post. Powell was born
in 1937 in Harlem, New York, to hard working Jamaican immigrant parents.
Joining the US Army after college, he served two tours in Vietnam
before holding several high-level military posts during the 1970s
and 1980s. From 1987 to 1989, he was national security advisor to
President Ronald Reagan, and in 1989, reaches the pinnacle of his
profession when he is appointed chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
by President George Bush. As
chairman, General Powell's greatest achievement was planning and executing
the swift US victory over Iraq in 1991's Persian Gulf War. In 1993,
he retired as chairman. Two years later, he embarked on a national
tour to promote his autobiography, My American Journey, fueling
speculation that he was testing the waters for a possible presidential
campaign. By the fall of 1995, public enthusiasm over the possibility
of his running for president had reached a feverish pitch. Regarded
as a moderate Republican, opinion polls showed Powell trailing close
behind Republican favorite Bob Dole and favored over Democratic incumbent
Bill Clinton. However, on 08 November 1995, he announced that he would
not run for president in the next election, citing concerns for his
family's well being and a lack of passion for the rigors of political
life. From 1997, Powell served
as chairman of "America's Promise  The Alliance for Youth,"
a national nonprofit organization dedicated to building the character
and competence of young people. In December 2000, he was nominated
as the first Black US Secretary of State by President-elect George
W. Bush (Jr.). Unanimously confirmed by the US Senate, Powell was
sworn in on 20 January 2001.

1988 Sothern Baptists refuse to distribute US Surgeon General
C. Everett Koops report on AIDS because it does not condemn extra-marital
sex.1983 In a speech to the US Chamber of Commerce,
Interior Secretary James G. Watt (notorious anti-environmentalist) jokingly
described a special advisory panel as consisting of ''a Black ... a woman,
two Jews and a cripple.'' Although Watt later apologized, he ended up resigning.1982 Amín Gemayel es elegido presidente de Líbano, tras
la muerte en atentado de su hermano Bechir Gemayel. 1981
Belize gains independence from Britain (National Day)
1981 The US Senate unanimously confirms the nomination of Sandra
Day O'Connor to become the first female justice on the Supreme Court. 1979 Es derrocado el presidente de la República Centroafricana
Jean-Bedel Bokassa, quien se había proclamado emperador como Bokassa I.1977 US President Carter's embattled budget director, Bert
Lance, resigns after weeks of controversy over past business and banking
practices.1973 The US Senate confirms Henry Kissinger
to be Secretary of State. He is the first naturalized citizen to hold the
office. 1972 Marcos declares martial law in the
Philippines 1970 Signs of recession: the prime
rate is reduced and the New York Stock Exchange's short positions reach
their highest level in four years.

1967 Vietnam:
Thai troops arrive in Saigon
General William Westmoreland, commander
of US Military Assistance Command Vietnam, welcomes 1200 Thai soldiers
as they arrive in Saigon. By 1969, Thai forces in Vietnam would number
more than 12'000. The effort to get additional “Free World Military
Forces” to participate in the war in support of South Vietnam was
part of President Lyndon Johnson’s “Many Flags” program. Under this
program, 40 nations would send aid and assistance to the Saigon government.
However, only five nations  Thailand, Australia, New Zealand,
Korea, and the Philippines  sent troops. A total of 351 Thai
soldiers were killed in action in Vietnam.

1966 5" of rain falls on NYC

^1965 An American swims the Channel both waysTed
Erikson [17 Feb 1928~] of Chicago, Illinois, becomes the first
US swimmer to complete a round-trip crossing of the English Channel.
Erikson, thirty-seven years of age, swam from St. Margaret's Bay,
England, to a beach near Calais, France, in fourteen hours and fifteen
minutes. Upon reaching France, Erikson paused for three minutes to
receive a fresh coating of grease, and then swam back to England in
fifteen hours and forty-eight minutes, completing the entire round-trip
swim in a total of thirty hours and six minutes. On
13 August 1981, Ted's son, Jon Erikson, would become the first person
to swim the English Channel three times nonstop, in a time of 38 hr
27 min. (050919)

^1949 Mao Zedong outlines the new Chinese government
At the opening
of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in Peking,
Mao Zedong announces that the new Chinese government will be "under
the leadership of the Communist Party of China." The September 1949
conference in Peking was both a celebration of the communist victory
in the long civil war against Nationalist Chinese forces and the unveiling
of the communist regime that would henceforth rule over China. Mao
and his communist supporters had been fighting against what they claimed
was a corrupt and decadent Nationalist government in China since the
1920s. Despite massive US support for the Nationalist regime, Mao's
forces were victorious in 1949 and drove the Nationalist government
onto the island of Taiwan. In
September, with cannons firing salutes and ceremonial flags waving,
Mao announced the victory of communism in China and vowed to establish
the constitutional and governmental framework to protect the "people's
revolution." In outlining the various committees and agencies to be
established under the new regime, Mao announced that "Our state system
of the People's Democratic Dictatorship is a powerful weapon for safeguarding
the fruits of victory of the people's revolution and for opposing
plots of foreign and domestic enemies to stage a comeback. We must
firmly grasp this weapon." He denounced those who opposed the communist
government as "imperialistic and domestic reactionaries." In the future,
China would seek the friendship of "the Soviet Union and the new democratic
countries." Mao also claimed that communism would help end reputation
as a lesser-developed country. "The era in which the Chinese were
regarded as uncivilized is now over. We will emerge in the world as
a highly civilized nation." On 01 October 1949, the People's Republic
of China was formally announced, with Mao Zedong as its leader. He
would remain in charge of the nation until his death in 1976.
 Se proclama la República Popular
de China y comienza la llamada "era de Mao". Chu En Lai es designado
presidente del Consejo de ministros.

^1945 Henry Ford II heads the company
Henry Ford II, grandson and namesake
of Henry Ford, succeeds his father as president of the Ford Motor
Company on this day, inheriting a company that was losing money at
the rate of several million dollars a month. After recovering from
the shock of his father's unexpected death, Henry Ford II was effectively
given a crash course in management, but fortunately for the company,
he turned out to have the magic touch. He quickly set about reorganizing
and modernizing the Ford Motor Company, firing the powerful personnel
chief Harry Bennett, whose strong-arm tactics and anti-union stance
had made Ford notorious for its bad labor relations. He also brought
in new talent, including a group of former US Air Force intelligence
officers, among them Robert McNamara, who became known as the "Whiz
Kids." During his tenure as president, Henry Ford II nursed the Ford
Motor Company back to health, greatly expanding its international
operations and introducing two classic models, the Mustang and the
Thunderbird.

1941 Congress passes the Revenue Act of 1941, increasing
taxes to help pay for the probable participation of the US in World War
II. 1939 Ordre de repli donné aux troupes françaises
en Sarre 1933 In Germany during Hitler's rise to
power, Martin Niemoeller began organizing the Pastors' Emergency League.
Over 7000 churches joined, although some 2500 later withdrew under Nazi
pressure. (The League itself gave birth to the more famous Barmen Synod,
formed in May 1934.) 1931 Great Britain abandons the gold
standard. In the US people rush to withdraw their bank savings
and stockpile any available gold. By the end of October 1931, 827 banks
had been forced to shut down. However the US did not give up the gold standard
until 1933. 1930 Johann Ostermeyer patents the
flashbulb 1922 Pres Warren G Harding signs a joint
resolution of approval to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine 1913 1st aerobatic maneuver, sustained inverted flight,
performed in France 1897 The New York Sun
publishes the editorial Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus. 1895 1st auto manufacturer opens-Duryea Motor Wagon Company
1893 Frank Duryea drives 1st US made gas propelled
vehicle (car) 1863 Union forces retreat to Chattanooga
after defeat at Chickamauga 1863 Tratado por el
que España reconoce la independencia de Argentina. 1862 Citizens
of San Francisco, California contribute $100'000 for relief of Federal wounded
1843 La goleta Ancud iza en el puerto del
Hambre la bandera chilena y toma posesión en nombre de su país del estrecho
de Magallanes. 1823 Moroni 1st appears to Joseph
Smith, according to Smith 1814 Francis Scott Key's
patriotic verses, entitled "The Star Spangled Banner," were first published
in The Baltimore American. (The song became the US National Anthem
in 1931.) 1780 Benedict Arnold gives plans to
West Point to British Major André. 1776
Great fire in NY 1717 Felipe V suprime las aduanas
interiores establecidas en España en los límites de Castilla, Galicia, Asturias,
Aragón y Valencia.1697 Holanda, Inglaterra y España
firman la paz de Ryswick con Francia, por la que se pone fin a la guerra
entre Francia y la Liga de Augsburgo.

^1596 Cruel conquistador named governor of New Mexico Spain
names Juan de Oñate governor of the colony of New Mexico. Commissioned
to explore and settle the region, Oñate requested the assignment after
hearing rumors about golden cities in the vicinity. These mythical
stories had originated with earlier explorers and they led Coronado,
famous for investigating the Grand Canyon, into that area in 1540.
In January 1598, Oñate's expedition
of 400 men crossed the Rio Grande at El Paso, celebrated there the
first Thanksgiving in what is now the US, and split up into smaller
groups to search for treasure. Many of his men wanted to return to
Spain, but Oñate, desperate with greed, squashed potential deserters
by executing several who attempted to leave. He enslaved the women
and children of the Acoma Pueblo Indians, and brutally abused the
Acoma men. In 1601, Oñate set out alone to find the legendary golden
city of Quivera. After years of failure, he returned to find much
of his colony deserted. Six years later, Oñate resigned as governor
and was tried for his cruel actions. The trial resulted in his exile
 a decision reversed on appeal in 1624.

2005 Ramón Martín Huerta [24 Jan 1957–], Secretary
of the SSP (Secretaría de Seguridad Pública Federal of Mexico) since
13 August 2004; Francisco Javier Becerra Gómez, Oficial
Mayor of the SSP; Gral. Tomás Valencia Ángeles, Comisionado
of the PFP (Policía Federal Preventiva); Juan Antonio Martínez
Ramírez, Director General de Comunicación Social of the SSP; José
Antonio Bernal, Tercer Visitador of the CNDH (Comisión Nacional
de Derechos Humanos); Silvino Chávez Hernández, Secretario
Ejecutivo del Secretario del ramo; Jorge Alberto Estrella Romero,
jefe de Ayudantes; Capt. Habacuc de León Galicia, pilot;
Capt. Rafael Esquivel Arreguín, copilot; who are all those
aboard the Bell 412-EP helicopter (registry XCPFI) of the PFP which crashes
and catches fire at 11:39 (06:39 UT) at an altitude of 3400 m in the mountainous
area known as “Llano Largo”, “La Cima”, or “Cumbre Las Peñas”, near San
Miguel Mimiapan, municipality Xonacatlán, México state (19°29'36"N
99°23'43"W), after leaving Mexico City at 10:45 headed to the swearing-in
ceremony for new members of the Fuerza de Seguridad Penitenciaria.at the
penitenciary La Palma in the municipality Almoloya de Juárez, México state.
—(050922)2002 Ismael Gómez, 52, his mate of 8 years Carmen Valentín,
42, her children Elizabeth Valentin, 22 [photo >],
Juan Carlos Valentin, 17, Damasus Valentín, 19, and Damasus's baby
due to be born within a month, brutally murdered at their Lake
Worth, Florida, home. Ismael and Carmen were born in Puerto Rico.2002 Angelo
Buono Jr., 67, in Calipatria State Prison, California. Born
on 05 October 1934, quite the opposite of a good angel, he was
the Hillside
Strangler who, in November 1983, was sentenced to life in prison
without the possibility of parole after being convicted of binding the following
Los Angeles women wrists and ankles, raping them, strangling them with a
cord, and dumping their nude bodies on hillsides: Lauren Wagner (18, 28
November 1977), Judy Miller (16, 30 October 1977, destitute prostitute),
Dolores Cepeda (12, mid-November 1977), Sonja Johnson (14, mid-November
1977), Kimberly Diane Martin (mid-December 1977, call-girl), Kristina Weckler
(19 November 1977), Lissa Kastin (21, 05 November 1977, waitress), Jane
King (28, 22 November 1977), Cindy Hudspeth (20, 16 February 1978, clerk).
A jury found Buono not guilty of the similar 17 October 1977 murder of Yolanda
Washington, Black prostitute, presumably killed by Buono's adoptive cousin,
Kenneth
Alessio Bianchi, (born 22 May 1951) who pleaded guilty to five of the
murders and testified against Buono. Bianchi is serving his prison sentence
in Washington state, where, on 12 January 1979, he killed in similar fashion
Karen Mandic and Diane Wilder. Buono and Bianchi would pose as police officers
while driving at night, pull over unsuspecting woman drivers, then abduct
them and take them to Buono's suburban home. 2002
Krishen Singh, bodyguard, and Naja Bano, when
guerillas, after detonating a remote-controlled bomb in Bano's home town,
Kulgam, shoot at the car of Sakina Yatoo, state tourism minister and a candidate
in the 24 September elections in one sector of Jammu-Kashmir, as she was
on her way to a campaign rally. Her car is armored and she is unhurt.2002 Javed Iqbal Shah, school teacher, shot in Palpora,
Jammu-Kashmir.2002 Nils Bohlin[< photo],
Swedish inventor of the three-point safety belt for cars (US Patent Number
3043625), born on 17 July 1920. Coincidentally he is inducted into the US
National Inventors Hall of Fame on the same day of his death.  MORE

^2002 Robert Lull Forward, of cancer.
Forward was a science fiction writer, physicist,
and inventor, born on 15 August 1932, whose 11 novels were inspired by his
research into gravitational physics and advanced space propulsion. With
his first book, Dragon's Egg (1980), Forward established a reputation
as a creator of fantastic worlds that were solidly based on scientific principles.
He set Dragon's Egg and its sequel, Starquake (1985),
on a neutron star, where gravity is 67 billion times stronger than Earth's.
Cheelas, the star's inhabitants, lived about 45 minutes. In his final book,
Saturn Rukh (1997), his attention to accuracy led him to include
an appendix of mathematical tables and astronomical diagrams for readers
interested in verifying the maneuvers of the book's spacecraft. He also
wrote The Flight of the Dragonfly (1984), which he renamed Rocheworld
and followed with four sequels. In Camelot 30K (1993) Forward wasted
no time on frills like plot and character development, yet he fashioned
an intellectual puzzle with a wonderfully clever solution.
For Forward's Ph.D. in physics from the University of Maryland, he built
and operated the world's first bar antenna for the detection of gravitational
radiation. He began his literary career while working as a senior scientist
at the Hughes Aircraft Company's laboratory in Malibu, California. He had
advised so many science fiction writers on the technical details of space
flight and other scientific issues that he decided to take up writing himself.
At Hughes and later at companies he founded, Forward Unlimited (in 1987)
and Tethers Unlimited (in 1994), Forward devoted his research efforts to
propulsion systems for space travel. He studied the potential for antimatter
propulsion for the Air Force and NASA. For interstellar journeys, he envisioned
a rocketless vehicle that would be manufactured in space and equipped with
an ultrathin sail as big as Texas. The ship would be propelled by a laser
beam or high-energy particles shot from Earth; traveling at 90'000 km/sec,
it would reach the nearest star system, Alpha Centauri, in less than 50
years. Forward designed a satellite, called a statite, that could hover
300'000 km above one of the poles, held in place by sails filled by solar
winds. In 1993 his design won a patent, one of the 20 that he received.

2001 Some 30 persons in an explosion in Toulouse, France,
at the AZF chemical plant in an industrial zone about 3 km south of the
city center. AZF is the brand-name under which Grande Paroisse, France's
largest fertilizer manufacturer, sells its products. Grande Paroisse is
owned by Atofina, the chemicals unit of TotalFinaElf  the world's
fourth-biggest oil group. Seismograph show magnitude 3.2. Some 200 persons
are injured.2001 Unidentified African boy, age 5
or 6, whose body, minus head, arms, and legs, is found in the Thames River
near London Bridge. Police name him Adam. One theory is that
he was bought as a slave in sub-Saharan Africa and brought to Great Britain
to be sacrificed in voodoo or black magic rites.1999 At least
2400 persons in Taiwan earthquake.1992 Greg Hapalla,
CMA radio broadcaster, shot and killed while taping.1985 Ida
Williams, born on 01 July 1875.1976 Orlando Letelier,
ex embajador chileno, miembro activo e importante de la oposición a Augusto
José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte, muere en Washington al estallar
una bomba en el interior de su automóvil.  Orlando Letelier, onetime
foreign minister to Chilean President Salvador Allende, is killed when a
bomb exploded in his car in Washington D.C. 1974 Jacqueline
Susann, 53, author (Valley of the Dolls), of cancer.
1961 Earle Dickson, 68, inventor (band-aid) 1957
Haakon VII king of Norway, dies, Olaf succeeds him.
1956 Anastasio Somoza Nicaraguan dictator, assassinated by Roliberto
Lopez  Muere en Panamá el político y militar Anastasio Somoza
García, presidente de la República de Nicaragua, iniciador de la
"dinastía" de los Somoza, tras ser herido en atentado en la ciudad nicaraguense
de León.1950 Edward
Arthur Milne, English mathematical astronomer born on 14 February
1896. He conducted researches on the atmosphere of the Earth and the sun,
on the internal constitution of the stars, and on the theory of relativity.
His books include Thermodynamics of the Stars (1930), Relativity,
Gravitation and World-Structure (1935), Kinematic Relativity
(1948).

^1938 Some 700 killed by hurricane (winds
to 295 km/h) in New England Without
warning, a powerful Category 3 hurricane slams into Long Island and
southern New England, causing 600 deaths and devastating coastal cities
and towns. Also called the Long Island Express, the Great New England
Hurricane of 1938 was the most destructive storm to strike the region
in the 20th century. The officially
unnamed hurricane was born out a tropical cyclone that developed in
the eastern Atlantic on 10 September1938, near the Cape Verde Islands.
Six days later, the captain of a Brazilian freighter sighted the storm
northeast of Puerto Rico and radioed a warning to the US Weather Bureau
(now the National Weather Service). It was expected that the storm
would make landfall in south Florida, and hurricane-experienced coastal
citizens stocked up on supplies and boarded up their homes. On 19
September, however, the storm suddenly changed direction and began
moving north, parallel to the eastern seaboard. Charlie
Pierce, a junior forecaster in the US Weather Bureau, was sure that
the hurricane was heading for the Northeast, but the chief forecaster
overruled him. It had been well over a century since New England had
been hit by a substantial hurricane, and few believed it could happen
again. Hurricanes rarely persist after encountering the cold waters
of the North Atlantic. However, this hurricane was moving north at
an unusually rapid pace  more than 100 km/h  and was following
a track over the warm waters of the Gulf Stream. With
Europe on the brink of war over the worsening Sudetenland crisis,
little media attention was given to the powerful hurricane at sea.
There was no advanced meteorological technology, such as radar, radio
buoys, or satellite imagery, to warn of the hurricane's approach.
By the time the US Weather Bureau learned that the Category 3 storm
was on a collision course with Long Island on the afternoon of 21
September, it was too late for a warning. Along
the south shore of Long Island, the sky began to darken and the wind
picked up. Fishermen and boaters were at sea, and summer residents
enjoying the end of the season were in their beachfront homes. At
about 14:30, the full force of the hurricane made landfall, unfortunately
around high tide. Surges of ocean water and waves 12 meters tall swallowed
up coastal homes. At Westhampton, which lay directly in the path of
the storm, 150 beach homes were destroyed, about a third of which
were pulled into the swelling ocean. Winds exceeded 100 mph. Inland,
people were drowned in flooding, killed by uprooted trees and falling
debris, and electrocuted by downed electrical lines. At
16:00, the center of the hurricane crossed the Long Island Sound and
reached Connecticut. Rivers swollen by a week of steady rain spilled
over and washed away roadways. In New London, a short circuit in a
flooded building started a fire that was fanned by the 160 km/h winds
into an inferno. Much of the business district was consumed.
The hurricane gained intensity as it
passed into Rhode Island. Winds of some 200 km/h caused a storm surge
of 4 to 5 meters in Narragansett Bay, destroying coastal homes and
entire fleets of boats at yacht clubs and marinas. The waters of the
bay surged into Providence harbor at about 17:00, rapidly submerging
the downtown area of Rhode Island's capital under more than four meters
of water. Many people were swept away. The
hurricane then raced northward across Massachusetts, gaining speed
again and causing great flooding. In Milton, south of Boston, the
Blue Hill Observatory recorded one of the highest wind gusts in history,
an astounding 299 km/h. Boston was hit hard, and "Old Ironsides" 
the historic ship USS Constitution  was torn from its
moorings in Boston Navy Yard and suffered slight damage. Hundreds
of other ships were not so lucky. The
hurricane lost intensity as it passed over northern New England, but
by the time the storm reached Canada at about 23:00 it was still powerful
enough to cause widespread damage. The Great New England Hurricane
finally dissipated over Canada that night. All
told, 700 people were killed by the hurricane, 600 of them in Long
Island and southern New England. Some 700 people were injured. Nearly
9000 homes and buildings were destroyed, and 15'000 damaged. Nearly
3000 ships were sunk or wrecked. Power lines were downed across the
region, causing widespread blackouts. Innumerable trees were felled,
and twelve new inlets were created on Long Island. Railroads were
destroyed and farms were obliterated. Total damages were $306 million,
which equals $18 billion in today's dollars, making the Great New
England Hurricane the sixth costliest hurricane in US history.

1934 Some 4000 killed by typhoon, Honshu Island, Japan

^1904
Chief Joseph Thunder-Rolling-Down-From-The-Mountains,
64, the great Nez
Percé leader, in Washington state.
The remarkable Nez Percé leader Chief Joseph dies on the Colville
reservation in northern Washington. The whites had described him as
superhuman, a military genius, an Indian Napoléon. But in truth,
the Nez Percé Chief Him-mah-too-yah-lat-kekt was more of a
diplomat than a warrior. Chief Joseph—as non-Indians knew him—had
been elected chief of the Wallowa band of Nez Perce Indians when he
was only 31. For six difficult years the young leader struggled peacefully
against the whites who coveted the Wallowa's fertile land in northeastern
Oregon. In 1877, General Howard
of the US Army warned that if the Wallowa and other bands of the Nez
Percé did not abandon their land and move to the Lapwai Reservation
within 30 days, his troops would attack. While some of the other Nez
Percé chiefs argued they should resist, Chief Joseph convinced
them to comply with the order rather than face war, and he led his
people on a perilous voyage across the flood-filled Snake and Salmon
River canyons to a campsite near the Lapwai Reservation. But acting
without Chief Joseph's knowledge, a band of 20 young hotheaded braves
decided to take revenge on some of the more offensive white settlers
in the region, sparking the Nez Percé War of 1877.
Chief Joseph was no warrior, and he opposed many of the subsequent
actions of the Nez Percé war councils. Joseph's younger brother,
Olikut, was far more active in leading the Nez Percé into battle,
and Olikut helped them successfully outsmart the US Army on several
occasions as the war ranged over more than 2600 km of Washington,
Idaho, and Montana territory. Nonetheless, military leaders and American
newspapers persisted in believing that since Chief Joseph was the
most prominent Nez Percé spokesman and diplomat, he must also
be their principal military leader.
By chance, Chief Joseph was the only major leader to survive the war,
and it fell to him to surrender the surviving Nez Percé forces
to Colonel Nelson A. Miles at the Bear Paw battlefield in northern
Montana on 5 October 1877, saying: "Tell
General Howard I know his heart. What he told me before, I have it
in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our Chiefs are killed; Looking
Glass is dead, Ta Hool Hool Shute is dead. The old men are all dead.
It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men
is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children
are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the
hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are
 perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for
my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find
them among the dead. Hear me, my Chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick
and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.".
Chief Joseph lived out the rest of
his life in peace, a popular romantic symbol of the noble "red men"
whom many Americans admired now that they no longer posed any real
threat.

^1832 Walter Scott, 61. He
was a Scottish novelist and poet, whose work as a translator, editor, biographer,
and critic, together with his novels and poems, made him one of the most
prominent figures in English romanticism. He was born in Edinburgh, August
15, 1771. Trained as a lawyer, he became a legal official, an occupation
that allowed him to write.Early Works
A love of ballads and legends helped direct Scott's literary activity. His
translations of German Gothic romances in 1796 gained him some note, but
he first achieved eminence with his edition of ballads, The Minstrelsy
of the Scottish Border, in 1802-1803. His first narrative poem, The
Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805), brought him huge popularity. Following
this success, he wrote a series of romantic narrative poems, which included
Marmion (1808), The Lady of the Lake (1810), The Bridal
of Triermain (1813), and The Lord of the Isles (1815).
In 1813, he was offered the poet laureateship
of England, and declined, recommending Robert
Southey for the post. He also published editions of the writings of
the English poet John
Dryden in 1808 and of the English satirist Jonathan
Swift in 1814. Novels
Scott's declining popularity as a poet, in part caused by the competition
of Lord
Byron, led him to turn to the novel. Waverley (1814) began a new series
of triumphs. More than 20 novels followed in rapid succession, including
Guy Mannering (1815), Old Mortality (1816), The Heart
of Midlothian (1818), Rob Roy (1818), The Bride of Lammermoor
(1819), Ivanhoe (1819), Kenilworth (1821), Quentin
Durward (1823), and The Fair Maid of Perth (1828). Although
he published this fiction anonymously, his identity became an open secret.
Scott used his enormous profits to construct a baronial mansion called Abbotsford.
In 1820 he was made a baronet. Scott was entangled with the printing firm
of James Ballantyne and the publishing house of Archibald Constable, which
both failed in the economic crisis of 1826. Refusing the easy recourse of
bankruptcy, Scott strove for the rest of his life to repay a debt of more
than £120'000. He completed the Life of Napoleon Buonaparte (1827)
and wrote several new novels. After a series of strokes, he died at Abbotsford.
By the sale of copyrights, all of Scott's debts were settled by 1847.Evaluation Scott is
the first major historical novelist. In his portraits of Scotland, England,
and the Continent from medieval times to the 18th century, he showed a keen
sense of political and traditional forces and of their influence on the
individual. Although his plots are sometimes hastily constructed and his
characters sometimes stilted, these works remain valuable for their compelling
atmosphere, occasional epic dignity, and clear understanding of human nature.
James
Fenimore Cooper in America,
Honoré de Balzac in France, and
Charles Dickens and William
Makepeace Thackeray in England were among the many who learned from
Scott's panoramic studies of the interplay between social trends and individual
character. In Great Britain, he created an enduring interest in Scottish
traditions, and throughout the Western world he encouraged the cult of the
Middle Ages, which strongly characterized romanticism.Biographies
of Walter Scott online:The
Life of Sir Walter Scott by J. G. Lockhart (Comments
by Carlyle on this work)  The
Life of Sir Walter Scott by Sydney Fowler Wright Part I _ Part
II  Sir
Walter Scott by Richard Holt Hutton
SCOTT ONLINE:

^1792 The French monarchy abolished
In revolutionary France, the National
Convention voted to abolish the monarchy. The measure, proposed by
Collot D'Herbois, came one year after King Louis XVI reluctantly approved
a new constitution that stripped him of much of his power.
Louis ascended to the French throne in 1774, and from the start was
unsuited to deal with the severe financial problems that he had inherited
from his grandfather, King Louis XV. In 1789, in a last-ditch attempt
to resolve his country's financial crisis, Louis assembled the States-General,
a national assembly that represented the three "estates" of the French
people  the nobles, the clergy, and the commons.
The States-General had not been assembled since 1614, and the third
estate  the commons  used the opportunity to declare itself
the National Assembly, igniting the French Revolution. On 14 July
1789, violence erupted when Parisians stormed the Bastille 
a state prison where they believed ammunition was stored. Although
outwardly accepting the revolution, Louis resisted the advice of constitutional
monarchists who sought to reform the monarchy in order to save it,
and also permitted the reactionary plotting of his unpopular queen,
Marie Antoinette. In October
of 1789, a mob marched on Versailles and forced the royal couple to
move to Tuileries, and in June of 1791, opposition to the royal pair
had become so fierce that the two felt forced to flee. During their
attempted flight to Austria, Marie and Louis were apprehended at Varennes,
France, and taken back to Paris. There, Louis was forced to accept
the constitution of 1791, which reduced him to a mere figurehead.
On 10 August 1792, the royal couple
were arrested by the sans-culottes and imprisoned in the Temple, and
in September, the monarchy was abolished by the National Convention
(which had replaced the National Assembly). The next January, Louis
was convicted of treason and condemned to death by a bare majority
of one vote. On 21 January 1793, Louis walked steadfastly to the guillotine
in the Place de la Revolution in Paris and was executed. Nine months
later, Marie Antoinette was convicted of treason by a tribunal, and
on 16 October 1793, she followed her husband to the guillotine.
 En France, la Convention nationale,
qui remplace l'Assemblée nationale, déclare la fin de la monarchie
constitutionnelle et la première république. 
Portrait
of Louis XVI by Callet.

1998
Shane Michael Urban Zech, to Janet Zech, for whom the greatest
tragedy of 11 September 2001 would not occur at the World Trade Center,
but in the hospital where the little boy she loved so much died of meningitis.

^1961 Vietnam (in
the future): 5th Special Forces Group
is activated in US
The US Army’s 5th Special Forces Group
(Airborne), 1st Special Forces, is activated at Fort Bragg, North
Carolina. The Special Forces were formed to organize and train guerrilla
bands behind enemy lines. President John F. Kennedy, a strong believer
in the potential of the Special Forces in counterinsurgency operations,
visited the Special Warfare Center at Fort Bragg to review the program
and authorized the Special Forces to wear the headgear that became
their symbol, the Green Beret.
The 5th S.F. Group was sent to Vietnam
in October 1964, to assume control of all Special Forces operations
in Vietnam. Prior to this time, Green Berets had been assigned to
Vietnam only on temporary duty. The primary function of the Special
Forces in Vietnam was to organize the Civilian Irregular Defense Groups
(CIDG) among South Vietnam’s Montagnard population. The Montagnards,
“mountain people” or “mountaineers,” were a group of indigenous people
made up of several tribes, such as the Rhade, Bru, and Jarai, who
lived mainly in the highland areas of Vietnam. These forces manned
camps along the mountainous border areas to guard against North Vietnamese
infiltration. At the height of the war the 5th S.F. controlled 84
CIDG camps with more than 42'000 CIDG strike forces and local militia
units. The CIDG program ended in December 1970 with the transfer of
troops and mission to the South Vietnamese Border Ranger Command.
In February 1971, the 5th Special Forces Group was withdrawn as part
of the US troop drawdown.

^
1959 The Plymouth Valiant, minus name casting
The first Plymouth Valiant was produced
on this day at a plant in Hamtramck, Michigan, although it was not
known by that name until 1961. Originally code named "Falcon" after
the 1955 Chrysler Falcon, plans for the new model went awry when the
Chrysler marketing team found out at the last minute that Ford had
already registered the name "Falcon" for its compact car.
The news resulted in a wild scramble, for the logo castings had already
been made and marketing plans finalized. A company-wide contest was
held for a new name, and "Valiant" emerged the winner. However, there
was no time to make new logo castings, so the car was simply introduced
as the Valiant, featuring only a mylar sticker on the engine for identification.
It wasn't until 1961 that the Valiant became the Plymouth Valiant,
new logo castings and all.

1954Shinzo
Abe, who would become prime minister of Japan on 26 September
2006. —(060926)

^
1947 Stephen Edwin
King., US novelist and short-story writer whose books
were credited with reviving the genre of horror fiction in the late
20th century. King graduated from
the University of Maine in 1970 with a bachelor's degree in English.
While writing short stories he supported himself by teaching and working
as a janitor, among other jobs. His first published novel, Carrie
(filmed 1976), about a tormented teenage girl gifted with telekinetic
powers, appeared in 1974 and was an immediate popular success. Carrie
was the first of many novels in which King blended horror, the macabre,
fantasy, and science fiction. Among such works were Salem's Lot
(1975), The Shining (1977; filmed 1980), The Stand
(1978), The Dead Zone (1979; filmed 1983), Firestarter
(1980; filmed 1984), Cujo (1981), Christine (1983;
filmed 1983), It (1986), Misery (1987; filmed 1990),
The Tommyknockers (1987), The Dark Half (1989).
In his books King explored almost every
terror-producing theme imaginable, from vampires, rabid dogs, deranged
killers, and a pyromaniac to ghosts, extrasensory perception and telekinesis,
biological warfare, and even a malevolent automobile. Though his work
was disparaged as undisciplined and inelegant, King was a talented
storyteller whose books gain their effect from realistic detail, forceful
plotting, and the author's undoubted ability to involve and scare
the reader. By the early 1990s
King's books had sold more than 100 million copies worldwide, and
his namehad become synonymous with the genre of horror fiction. King
also wrote the short stories collected in Night Shift (1978),
as well as several novellas and motion-picture screenplays. Some of
his novels were successfully adapted for the screen by such directors
as Brian De Palma, Stanley Kubrick, and Rob Reiner.

^1942 The B-29 Superfortress bomber
The US B-29 Superfortress makes its
debut flight in Seattle, Washington. It was the largest bomber used
in the war by any nation. The B-29 was conceived in 1939 by Gen. Hap
Arnold, who was afraid a German victory in Europe would mean the United
States would be devoid of bases on the eastern side of the Atlantic
from which to counterattack. A plane was needed that would travel
faster, farther, and higher than any then available, so Boeing set
to creating the four-engine heavy bomber. The plane was extraordinary,
able to carry loads almost equal to its own weight at altitudes of
9000 to 12'000 feet. It contained a pilot console in the rear of the
plane, in the event the front pilot was knocked out of commission.
It also sported the first radar bombing system of any US bomber.
The Superfortress makes its test run
over the continental United States this day, but would not make its
bombing-run debut until 05 June, 1944, against Bangkok, in preparation
for the Allied liberation of Burma from Japanese hands. A little more
than a week later, the B-29 made its first run against the Japanese
mainland. On 14 June, 60 B-29s based in Chengtu, China, bombed an
iron and steel works factory on Honshu Island. While the raid was
less than successful, it proved to be a morale booster to Americans,
who were now on the offensive.
Meanwhile, the Marianas Islands in the South Pacific were being recaptured
by the United States, primarily to provide air bases for their new
B-29s—a perfect position from which to strike the Japanese mainland
on a consistent basis. Once the bases were ready, the B-29s were employed
in a long series of bombing raids against Tokyo. Although capable
of precision bombing at high altitudes, the Superfortresses began
dropping incendiary devices from a mere 1500 meters altitude, firebombing
the Japanese capital in an attempt to break the will of the Axis power.
One raid, in March 1945, killed more than 80'000 people. But the most
famous, or perhaps infamous, use of the B-29 would come in August,
as it was the only plane capable of delivering a 10'000-pound bomb
 the atomic bomb. The Enola Gay and the Bock's Car took off
from the Marianas, on 06 August and 09 August, respectively, and flew
into history.

1940 Rutilio Del Riego Jáñez, in Valdesandinas, Spain.
He would immigrate to the US in 1964 and be ordained a Catholic priest on
05 June 1965. He would become a US citizen. He would be director of the
Spanish Catholic Center in Washington DC, a pastor in the diocese of El
Paso, Texas; and, in the diocese of San Bernardino, Califormia, vocations
director, vice rector of the Blessed Junipero Serra House seminary (1999),
and pastor Our Lady of Perpetual Help in Riverside. He would be consecrated
a bishop on 20 September 2005 to be auxiliary to bishop Richard Barnes [22
Jun 1945~] in the diocese of San Bernardino, whose previous auxiliary bishop
was Dennis Patrick O'Neil [16 Jan 1940 – 17 Oct 2003]. From 22 to
26 October 2007, bishop Del Riego would give the seven talks of the annual
retreat of the priests of the diocese of El Paso (attended also by its bishop
Armando Ochoa [~]) at the Holy Cross retreat house in Mesilla NM, and preside
a some of the four concelebrated Mass.. —(071027)1937
The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien is published.1934
Leonard Cohen, cantautor, poeta y escritor canadiense de ascendencia
judía.  Poet-songwriter. 1917 Phyllis
Nicolson, English mathematical physicist who died on 06 October
1968. 1914 John Kluge Chemnitz Germany, media CEO
(Metromedia)/billionaire 1910 Ennio Morlotti, Italian
artist who died in 1992.  morewith link to an image. 1909 Kwame Nkrumah
President of Ghana (1958-66) 1908 Rafael Azuero Manchola,
político colombiano.1904 Hans Heinrich Ernst Hartung,
German then French painter, draftsman, printmaker, and photographer, who
died on 07 December 1989.  MORE
ON HARTUNG AT ART 4 SEPTEMBERwith links to images.1902 Marie Germinova Toyen,
Czech artist who died on 9 November 1980. 1899 Julius
Pawel Schauder, Lvov (now in Ukraine) Jewish Polish mathematician
who was killed by the Nazis in September 1943.1898 William
George Gillies, British artist who died in 1973. 1898
Pavel Tchelitchev, Russian artist who died in 1957.
1886 Teiichi Igarashi Japan, climbed Mt Fuji at age 99 1876
Julio González (or Gonzales), Spanish artist who died on
27 March 1942.1874 Gustav Holst Cheltenham, England,
of Swedish ancestry, composer (Planets) and teacher who died on 25 May 1934.1868 Alice Foote, who would die on 14 June 1980.1867 Henry L. Stimson, US Republican statesman who served
under five presidents. He died on 20 October 1950. He was President Hoover's
Secretary of State (28 March 1929-1933), Secretary of War in the cabinets
of Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Truman (19 June 1940-21 September
1945. Stimson made the deciding recommendation to drop the first atomic
bomb), and Taft (22 May 1911-1913). 1866 Charles Jean Henri
Nicolle, French Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist (1928). He died
on 28 February 1936.

^1866 H(erbert)
G(eorge) Wells, Bromley, near London, English novelist,
journalist, sociologist, and historian. He
would be best known for such science fiction as The
Time Machine and The
War of the Worlds and such comic novels as Tono~Bungay
and The History of Mr. Polly. Ce
célèbre écrivain anglais est connu pour ses romans d'anticipation
tels La Guerre des Mondes. H. G. Wells avait commencé par
être vendeur dans un magasin de nouveautés avant de se faire instituteur
et, enfin, de se lancer dans la carrière littéraire
Wells received a scholarship to the Normal School of Science in London.
After school, he worked as a draper's apprentice and bookkeeper before
becoming a freelance writer. His lively treatment of scientific topics
quickly brought him success as a writer. In 1895, he published his
classic novel The
Time Machine, about a man who journeys to the future. The
book was a success, as were his subsequent books The
Invisible Man (1897) and The
War of the Worlds (1898).
Passionately concerned about the fate of humanity, Wells joined the
socialist Fabian Society but quit after a quarrel with George Bernard
Shaw, another prominent member. He was involved romantically for several
years with Dorothy Richardson, pioneer of stream-of-consciousness
writing. In 1912, the 19-year-old writer Rebecca West reviewed his
book Marriage, calling him "The Old Maid among novelists."
He asked to meet her, and the two soon embarked on an affair that
lasted 10 years and produced one son, Anthony. Wells died on 13 August
1946.
WELLS ONLINE:

^
1820 John Reynolds, future Union General.
Union General John Fulton Reynolds is born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
One of nine children, Reynolds received his education at private academies
before Senator James Buchanan, a family friend, secured him an appointment
at West Point in 1837. He graduated in 1841, 26 out of 52 in his class.
Prior to the Mexican War, Reynolds served in Maryland, South Carolina,
and Florida. He was part of General Zachary Taylor's army in Mexico,
and he distinguished himself at the Battles of Monterey and Buena
Vista. His heroism earned him promotions to captain and major.
In the 1850s, Reynolds served in Maine,
fought Native Americans in the West, and participated in the Mormon
War of the late 1850s. In 1860, he returned to West Point as commandant
of cadets. With the outbreak of the Civil War, Reynolds received command
of a regular army regiment. His orders were soon changed, however,
and he became a brigade commander with orders to serve at Cape Hatteras,
North Carolina. Before he shipped for service along the coast, General
George B. McClellan—then commander of the Army of the Potomac—used
his leverage to secure Reynolds's service in McClellan's army.
In 1862, Reynolds participated in the
Seven Days' Battles around Richmond. This was the climax of McClellan's
Peninsular campaign, in which Confederate General Robert E. Lee attacked
the Yankees and drove them away from the Rebel capital. At the Battle
of Gaines' Mills on 26 June, Reynolds's brigade—protecting a Union
retreat—bore the brunt of a Confederate attack. The next day, Reynolds
held his position, but he was detached from the main Union army. The
Confederates overran Reynolds and part of his command, and the general
was sent to Richmond's Libby Prison.
Reynolds spent less than six weeks at Libby before he was exchanged
in August 1862. He was given command of a division, and fought at
the Second Battle of Bull Run on 29 August and 30 August 1862, just
three weeks after his release. In November, Reynolds returned to the
Army of the Potomac as a commander of I Corps. His force fought at
Fredericksburg in December, but was held in reserve at Chancellorsville
in May 1863. Reynolds commanded
the left wing of the Army of the Potomac during the Gettysburg campaign.
On the morning of 01 July 1863, he rode into Gettysburg and placed
his force in front of advancing Confederates, forcing Union General
George Meade, commander of the Army of the Potomac, to fight. Reynolds
was killed by a Confederate volley.

1815 Hendrik Reekers, Dutch artist who died on 15 May 1854.1788 Geert Adriaans Boomgaard, in Groningen, Netherlands,
who would die on 03 February 1899, the earliest documented supercentenarian
in world history.1784 The Pennsylvania Packet and Daily
Advertiser, the US's first daily newspaper, begins
publication in Philadelphia. The Pennsylvania Packet was the first of
several daily newspapers to begin publishing after American independence,
as citizens turned to the constitutionally protected free press to debate
the multitude of political and social concerns confronting the young republic. 1756 John Loudon McAdam, created macadam road surface
(asphalt). He died on 26 November 1836.1742 Marquise de Grollier
de Fuligny-Damas, French artist who died in 1828. 1644
Simon Peeterzoon Verelst, Dutch Baroque
painter who died in 1721. — links
to images. 1452 Girolamo
Savonarola Florentine monk/preacher/reformer. A Dominican from
1474, he was famous for his religious zeal. For 14 years he led in the reformation
of Florence, before attacks on Alexander VI led to his excommunication.
In 1498, he was (falsely) convicted of heresy, and on 23 May 1498, hanged
and burned. Among his writings mention are Triumphus Crucis de fidei
veritate (1497, his chief work, an apology for Christianity) 
Compendium revelationum (1495)  Scelta di prediche e
scritti  Trattato circa il Reggimento di Firenze  letters
 poems  Dialogo della verita (1497)  sermons
 Girolamo
Savonarola, 1498 painting by Fra Bartolommeo.  Jérôme
Savonarole, à Ferrare. Ce prédicateur exerça une dictature
morale sur Florence de 1494 à 1498 et fut brûlé comme un hérétique. Néanmoins
depuis lors il y a toujours eu des catholiques, y compris Saint Philippe
Neri et Sainte Catherine de Ricci, pour le considérer comme un saint.1415 Frederick III, German king from 1440 and Holy Roman
emperor from 1452, who laid the foundations for the greatness of the House
of Habsburg in European affairs. He died on 19 August 1493.

Thoughts for the day:Qui veux voyager loin ménage sa voiture.”
“Make new friends but keep the old, One is silver, the other gold. {so silver turns to gold as it ages?}Speech is silver, silence is gold.
We enjoy the speech of new friends, but more the silence of old friends.
Though one may conquer a thousand times a thousand men in battle, yet he
indeed is the noblest victor who conquers himself.
I found more joy in sorrow / Than you could find in joy. - Sara
Teasdale, US author and poet [08 Aug 1884 – 29 Jan 1933] {Guess why
her name wasn't Sara Smilesdale, and why one is tempted to put an r before the
s in her surname}. {Was she an admirer of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch?}Some find as much joy in sorrow as they find sorrow in
joy ... of others.