Why are Indian Yogurt Drinks Divine?

By Krina Patel

It's the heat. Judging by the crowd outside the Jay Kishan Lassi House—a little storefront selling cool yogurt drinks opposite the railway station in Nadiad, my small town in the Western part of India—the temperature must be hovering around 118 F. As the mercury surges, the Chatwani brothers, who have been running the store for about two decades now, increase the amounts of milk they will transform into yogurt that is the main ingredient in their drinks. It does not take long, for yogurt sets fairly quickly in the summer heat.

Yogurt—the milk product teeming with bacteria, albeit good bacteria—thrives in warm temperatures. The process of making it is rather simple. A live culture, often a blend of Streptococcus thermophilus (ST) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus (LB) is added to warm milk and allowed to rest undisturbed. This live culture blend is easily obtained from yogurts available in U.S. supermarkets. In India, typically a small amount of yogurt from a previous batch is used to make a fresh batch of yogurt at home. If for some reason a harried homemaker runs out of yogurt from a previous batch, all she has to do is send someone over to a neighbor's house for a teaspoon of yogurt, or to the corner store. Even Mr. Chatwani says he uses the local commercial brand AMUL as a starter when they run out of yogurt. But that would be rare, given that the Chatwanis make yogurt from about 70 liters of milk every day!

Krina Patel

It's the water. Each morning a man sits stirring a large cauldron of milk outside the Jay Kishan Lassi House. This is the first step in making the lassi—the sweet yogurt drink for which this store is justly famous. The gradual process of warming the milk evaporates a considerable amount of the water, leaving the milk creamy and ready for the bacteria to go to work. Even when the milk is rendered relatively thick, yogurt is largely water. Whey—the liquid that emerges when you first cut into any yogurt, results from the bacterial process that allows the milk solids to coagulate into their particular gel-like consistency.

All this bacterial action is good. New scientific evidence, some of it controversial, does seem to uphold the traditional theories in India about the benefits of yogurt. Many Indians believe that yogurt "cools" the body. A cold glass of creamy, white liquid shimmering in the hot sun, and in Jay Kishan's case with a hint of green or red, is rightly inviting. While slaking your thirst and filling you up, a cold lassi helps your digestion in the warm weather. The benefits are significant when the temperature is shooting up and you are hungry and thirsty.

It's the taste. A yogurt drink in India can be sweet or savory. Purists may argue that lassi is always the sweet version of a yogurt drink. The savory version is correctly called chaas. And it is thinner than lassi. The Chatwanis sell only the sweet version. Their "secret" ingredient is the cream they skim from the carefully heated milk every morning, which they save to top off each individual glass. The cream gives it the "mouth feel" for which patrons return again and again. Indeed the amount of cream in a lassi is so critical that it is rumored in the bazaars that many an unscrupulous food vendor thickens the lassi with blotting paper or a similar unacceptable thickener. So, to protect his reputation, a lassi maker like Mr. Chatwani vows that he uses 100 percent cream. No less. The "mouth feel" is one reason why commercial manufacturers add thickeners and yogurt enthusiasts prefer using whole milk to make yogurt at home. I asked Mr. Chatwani about the garish green or red dollops that lay on top of the cream in each glass. He dismissed it as simply food coloring. Added for aesthetic value. It is a sweet touch quite literally.

Then there is the connection with divinity. Krishna, a cowherd but more importantly one of the most revered Hindu Gods, loved yogurt, curds, and cream. Indeed all things milky. So, a lassi is a truly divine drink. And when it is from the Jay Kishan Lassi House in Nadiad on a day when the temperature is 120 F, there is no doubt.