Germany and the two world wars - Amazon.com: Germany and the Two World Wars (9780674353220.

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries —including all of the great powers —eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war , the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.

World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 50 million to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres , the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , starvation, disease and the first use of nuclear weapons in history. [1] [2] [3] [4]

The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, [9] [10] beginning with the German invasion of Poland ; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, [11] [12] or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. [13] [14]

The U.S. traditionally takes point in the search for common approaches to the big global issues of the day at G-20 summits. Not this time.

The two industrial powerhouses of Asia and Europe are being nudged into an informal alliance to pick up the leadership baton that the U.S. is accused of having dropped since President Donald Trump’s inauguration earlier this year, according to diplomats and officials from several Group of 20 members.

The situation has crystallized ahead of this year’s annual G-20 meeting, which will be held in Germany’s busiest commercial port. That’s in part because, for the first time since the group’s founding, the U.S. will be represented by a president who embraces protectionism, abandoning decades of American cheer-leading for free trade.

A confrontation with the Royal Navy had seemed a distant prospect when Plan Z was being worked out. Now, with Chamberlain’s guarantee to the Poles, it loomed suddenly and alarmingly into view. Raeder’s exalted title scarcely reflected the might of his fleet. As he waved his landlubber leader off at the end of his Wilhelmshaven jaunt, he knew very well that he had limited assets with which to face the coming crisis.

In numerical terms, this was a tiny force compared with the Royal Navy. It could muster twelve battleships with five more on the way, four battle cruisers, six aircraft carriers with another six under construction, and twenty-four heavy cruisers. Numbers were only equal below the waves.

Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period , the Germanic tribes expanded southward. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . [12] During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, the German Confederation was formed in 1815. The German revolutions of 1848–49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights.

In the 21st century, Germany is a great power with a strong economy ; it has the world's 4th largest economy by nominal GDP , and the 5th largest by PPP . As a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors, it is both the world's third-largest exporter and importer of goods. A developed country with a very high standard of living , it upholds a social security and universal health care system, environmental protection , and a tuition-free university education .

The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the European Union in 1993. It is part of the Schengen Area , and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999. Germany is a member of the United Nations , NATO , the G7 , the G20 , and the OECD . Known for its rich cultural history, Germany has been continuously the home of influential and successful artists , philosophers , musicians , sportspeople , entrepreneurs , scientists, engineers, and inventors .

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries —including all of the great powers —eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war , the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.

World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 50 million to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres , the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , starvation, disease and the first use of nuclear weapons in history. [1] [2] [3] [4]

The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, [9] [10] beginning with the German invasion of Poland ; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, [11] [12] or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. [13] [14]

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries —including all of the great powers —eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war , the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.

World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 50 million to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres , the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , starvation, disease and the first use of nuclear weapons in history. [1] [2] [3] [4]

The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, [9] [10] beginning with the German invasion of Poland ; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, [11] [12] or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. [13] [14]

The U.S. traditionally takes point in the search for common approaches to the big global issues of the day at G-20 summits. Not this time.

The two industrial powerhouses of Asia and Europe are being nudged into an informal alliance to pick up the leadership baton that the U.S. is accused of having dropped since President Donald Trump’s inauguration earlier this year, according to diplomats and officials from several Group of 20 members.

The situation has crystallized ahead of this year’s annual G-20 meeting, which will be held in Germany’s busiest commercial port. That’s in part because, for the first time since the group’s founding, the U.S. will be represented by a president who embraces protectionism, abandoning decades of American cheer-leading for free trade.

A confrontation with the Royal Navy had seemed a distant prospect when Plan Z was being worked out. Now, with Chamberlain’s guarantee to the Poles, it loomed suddenly and alarmingly into view. Raeder’s exalted title scarcely reflected the might of his fleet. As he waved his landlubber leader off at the end of his Wilhelmshaven jaunt, he knew very well that he had limited assets with which to face the coming crisis.

In numerical terms, this was a tiny force compared with the Royal Navy. It could muster twelve battleships with five more on the way, four battle cruisers, six aircraft carriers with another six under construction, and twenty-four heavy cruisers. Numbers were only equal below the waves.

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries —including all of the great powers —eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war , the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.

World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 50 million to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres , the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , starvation, disease and the first use of nuclear weapons in history. [1] [2] [3] [4]

The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, [9] [10] beginning with the German invasion of Poland ; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, [11] [12] or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. [13] [14]

The U.S. traditionally takes point in the search for common approaches to the big global issues of the day at G-20 summits. Not this time.

The two industrial powerhouses of Asia and Europe are being nudged into an informal alliance to pick up the leadership baton that the U.S. is accused of having dropped since President Donald Trump’s inauguration earlier this year, according to diplomats and officials from several Group of 20 members.

The situation has crystallized ahead of this year’s annual G-20 meeting, which will be held in Germany’s busiest commercial port. That’s in part because, for the first time since the group’s founding, the U.S. will be represented by a president who embraces protectionism, abandoning decades of American cheer-leading for free trade.

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries —including all of the great powers —eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war , the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.

World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 50 million to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres , the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , starvation, disease and the first use of nuclear weapons in history. [1] [2] [3] [4]

The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, [9] [10] beginning with the German invasion of Poland ; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, [11] [12] or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. [13] [14]

The U.S. traditionally takes point in the search for common approaches to the big global issues of the day at G-20 summits. Not this time.

The two industrial powerhouses of Asia and Europe are being nudged into an informal alliance to pick up the leadership baton that the U.S. is accused of having dropped since President Donald Trump’s inauguration earlier this year, according to diplomats and officials from several Group of 20 members.

The situation has crystallized ahead of this year’s annual G-20 meeting, which will be held in Germany’s busiest commercial port. That’s in part because, for the first time since the group’s founding, the U.S. will be represented by a president who embraces protectionism, abandoning decades of American cheer-leading for free trade.

A confrontation with the Royal Navy had seemed a distant prospect when Plan Z was being worked out. Now, with Chamberlain’s guarantee to the Poles, it loomed suddenly and alarmingly into view. Raeder’s exalted title scarcely reflected the might of his fleet. As he waved his landlubber leader off at the end of his Wilhelmshaven jaunt, he knew very well that he had limited assets with which to face the coming crisis.

In numerical terms, this was a tiny force compared with the Royal Navy. It could muster twelve battleships with five more on the way, four battle cruisers, six aircraft carriers with another six under construction, and twenty-four heavy cruisers. Numbers were only equal below the waves.

Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period , the Germanic tribes expanded southward. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . [12] During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, the German Confederation was formed in 1815. The German revolutions of 1848–49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights.

In the 21st century, Germany is a great power with a strong economy ; it has the world's 4th largest economy by nominal GDP , and the 5th largest by PPP . As a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors, it is both the world's third-largest exporter and importer of goods. A developed country with a very high standard of living , it upholds a social security and universal health care system, environmental protection , and a tuition-free university education .

The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the European Union in 1993. It is part of the Schengen Area , and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999. Germany is a member of the United Nations , NATO , the G7 , the G20 , and the OECD . Known for its rich cultural history, Germany has been continuously the home of influential and successful artists , philosophers , musicians , sportspeople , entrepreneurs , scientists, engineers, and inventors .

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries —including all of the great powers —eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war , the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.

World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 50 million to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres , the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , starvation, disease and the first use of nuclear weapons in history. [1] [2] [3] [4]

The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, [9] [10] beginning with the German invasion of Poland ; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, [11] [12] or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. [13] [14]

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries —including all of the great powers —eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war , the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.

World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 50 million to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres , the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , starvation, disease and the first use of nuclear weapons in history. [1] [2] [3] [4]

The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, [9] [10] beginning with the German invasion of Poland ; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, [11] [12] or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. [13] [14]

The U.S. traditionally takes point in the search for common approaches to the big global issues of the day at G-20 summits. Not this time.

The two industrial powerhouses of Asia and Europe are being nudged into an informal alliance to pick up the leadership baton that the U.S. is accused of having dropped since President Donald Trump’s inauguration earlier this year, according to diplomats and officials from several Group of 20 members.

The situation has crystallized ahead of this year’s annual G-20 meeting, which will be held in Germany’s busiest commercial port. That’s in part because, for the first time since the group’s founding, the U.S. will be represented by a president who embraces protectionism, abandoning decades of American cheer-leading for free trade.

A confrontation with the Royal Navy had seemed a distant prospect when Plan Z was being worked out. Now, with Chamberlain’s guarantee to the Poles, it loomed suddenly and alarmingly into view. Raeder’s exalted title scarcely reflected the might of his fleet. As he waved his landlubber leader off at the end of his Wilhelmshaven jaunt, he knew very well that he had limited assets with which to face the coming crisis.

In numerical terms, this was a tiny force compared with the Royal Navy. It could muster twelve battleships with five more on the way, four battle cruisers, six aircraft carriers with another six under construction, and twenty-four heavy cruisers. Numbers were only equal below the waves.

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2 ), also known as the Second World War , was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries —including all of the great powers —eventually forming two opposing military alliances : the Allies and the Axis . It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of total war , the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort , erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources.

World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history , marked by 50 million to 85 million fatalities, most of which were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres , the deliberate genocide of the Holocaust , strategic bombing , starvation, disease and the first use of nuclear weapons in history. [1] [2] [3] [4]

The start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, [9] [10] beginning with the German invasion of Poland ; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, [11] [12] or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. [13] [14]

The U.S. traditionally takes point in the search for common approaches to the big global issues of the day at G-20 summits. Not this time.

The two industrial powerhouses of Asia and Europe are being nudged into an informal alliance to pick up the leadership baton that the U.S. is accused of having dropped since President Donald Trump’s inauguration earlier this year, according to diplomats and officials from several Group of 20 members.

The situation has crystallized ahead of this year’s annual G-20 meeting, which will be held in Germany’s busiest commercial port. That’s in part because, for the first time since the group’s founding, the U.S. will be represented by a president who embraces protectionism, abandoning decades of American cheer-leading for free trade.