“Factors such as the age of residents, their cultural background, level of ethnic diversity all affect acceptance of those who want to express their (LGBTI) identities.”

For Matthew Edwards, a liquor store manager, the lack of facilities was behind his move closer to the city.

“Growing up there were zero services for gay people out west,” he says.

“Living near the city, everything’s at your fingertips and if you have a drink it’s a $5 cab ride, not $114 to get a cab out to Parramatta.”

And Edwards, originally from Greystanes in western Sydney, certainly isn’t alone in choosing the inner suburbs.

Australian Bureau of Statistics data on same-sex couples paints a picture of LGBTI people congregating in inner city neighbourhoods such as Prahran and Collingwood in Melbourne and Brisbane’s New Farm.

Almost 20 per cent of all couples in Darlinghurst and Potts Point in Sydney are same-sex and it’s estimated that one in 10 of all gay men in Australia live within two kilometres of Taylor Square.

But if you stand among the California bungalows and “McMansions” on the city fringes and listen very carefully, you might just be able to hear the strains of Melissa Etheridge, Kylie Minogue and Lady Gaga.

The numbers are still small. Only 0.4 per cent of couples in Parramatta are gay compared to 8.8 per cent across Sydney’s central suburbs, and 0.3 per cent in Melbourne’s south-west compared to 3.4 per cent in the inner city.

But the numbers are growing. In Blacktown and Sydney’s south-west, LGBTI residents have risen by a quarter, while in south-east Melbourne and Canterbury, numbers have doubled in a decade.

So what’s behind the growing gay diaspora?

And what does it say about the suburbs when, just last year, AFL team the Greater Western Sydney Giants tweeted their support for marriage equality, while the Lord Mayor of Parramatta made national headlines for the wrong reasons after his staff asked an LGBTI youth group to remove their banner from a local festival on the grounds it was deemed offensive?

L-R: Christopher Fuller, Matthew Edwards and Trent Cooper

Christopher Fuller, who works in HR for a major bank, lives in Pakenham, on the eastern cusp of Melbourne.

Early each Saturday morning, he takes his nieces swimming followed by a visit to the local ducks. The day often rounds out with a family barbecue.

While he used to live in South Yarra, Fuller says he began to tire of constant nights out and missed his family.

“Then I moved back and realised how much [the suburbs] have changed. It’s a lot more relaxed,” he says.

Fuller adds he now prefers Pakenham’s “family friendly vibe.”

“My family have kids and I want to be there in their lives and be the cool uncle they go to,” he says.

He cites shows such as Modern Family as helping make LGBTI people more accepted.

Waterhouse says the move from inner-city Perth was a wrench but the family needed more space for a growing child.

“We wanted a shorter commute and a better quality of life and that was always the compromise,” she says.

Several years later and Waterhouse is the very model of a suburban mum, teaching the school choir and a past president of the P&C committee.

Though not a deliberate move, Waterhouse says the fact she “presents as straight,” has helped to be accepted.

So has being upfront about her sexuality: “We have been crystal clear and blunt and it can make it harder for anyone to be obnoxious.”

However, Waterhouse mentions a neighbour who won’t let their children play with her son, while at school, her son has also “started getting stick for having two mums and that makes me unbelievably angry.”

She says she “fitted in a lot better” in the inner suburbs. Edwards agrees.

Despite this, the only place Edwards has experienced homophobia is in the city, a place where he doesn’t change his behaviour.

Increasing numbers of LGBTI people are setting up home in the outer suburbs.

A 2003 report by the NSW Government found that while LGBTI people generally considered western Sydney to be unsafe, those living in the west found it no more homophobic than elsewhere in Sydney.

However, figures on the geographical spread of homophobic crimes are hard to come by, with the NSW Police telling the Star Observer that as not all incidents are reported it is difficult to determine their extent.

Nevertheless, they confirmed their gay and lesbian liaison officers regularly performed outreach not just in central Sydney but also in Parramatta and Blacktown.

If MPs’ views do indeed reflect those of their constituents, their voting habits in parliament suggest there are still some battles to be fought.

The situation is particularly stark in Sydney where only two out of 19 outer-suburban MPs openly support marriage equality.

A common theme among many is that they might personally support marriage equality but are unwilling to vote for it.

While none of those MPs were willing to go on the record, the Star Observer understands the religious lobby remains influential in many suburban areas and MPs in swinging or marginal seats fear losing the votes of the devout more than those of the LGBTI community.

Australian Marriage Equality national convenor Rodney Croome gives these viewpoints short shrift, pointing to a 2010 poll that found there wasn’t a single electorate where the majority of voters opposed marriage equality.

“When MPs say their electorate opposes marriage equality what I hear is ‘I only listen to those who support the status quo because it is an excuse for me not to change my position’,” Croome says.

However. one suburban MP has managed to support gay marriage and increase his majority.

“I see committed relationships as one of the building blocks of a healthy community so why would society try and stop people from having that opportunity?”

Perrett, who has gay siblings, says he undertook a survey that showed 53 per cent of his electorate were in favour of marriage equality.

And while faith groups continue to try and persuade Perrett to ditch his support for same-sex marriage, leading to what he calls “animated discussions,” they haven’t changed his view.

Gellibrand federal Labor MP Tim Watts says his support of marriage equality was no hindrance to getting elected: “Melbourne’s west has always welcomed diversity and this respect extends to members of our community who are LGBTI.”

However, the reluctance of some parliamentarians hasn’t stopped suburban councils and community organisations from increasing LGBTI services.

Initiatives begun by Tony Briffa, the intersex former mayor of Hobsons Bay City Council, in Melbourne’s south-west, have been continued by current mayor Sandra Wilson.

Community forums have asked how council can better serve the community, and as a result the local government partnered with Midsumma — Melbourne’s LGBTI cultural festival — with a Westandproud project that aims to document the experiences of LGBTI people in the city’s west.

“(LGBTI) initiatives are important because we believe our community members should feel they… can express their sexuality without fear of discrimination or abuse,” Wilson says.

In Sydney, youth organisation Twenty10 and health promotion body ACON partner with existing suburban local groups such as PFLAG, local police and councils.

The weekly Queer Out West radio show provides another outlet while ACON, together with the Parramatta Queer Forum, helps organise the annual Parramatta Pride Picnic.

Organisations are having to innovate to combat the paucity of traditional gay venues.

“We invest a lot of time connecting with people through our online and social media platforms, as it’s a very effective way of engaging people regardless of where they live,” ACON chief executive Nic Parkhill says.

Technology has also helped lessen the isolation of LGBTI people living further away from larger gay communities.

“Technology helps to connect marginalised groups who historically had to rely on infrequent newsletters and bars to meet like-minded individuals,” Dr Ragusa says.