I have had the privilege of traveling to Poland, one of America's closest allies, and was overwhelmed by the weight of history ... Institutions like this are not only critical for Poland's future generations, but for what all of us, around the world, can ... I have long been struck by the way in which history casts both long shadows and rays of light in Poland. ... when I met with those who are building the Museum of the History of Poland's Jews. ...

Poland described the disease that bears his name (Poland syndrome) in 1841, in a paper titled "Deficiency of the pectoral ... Alfred Poland was a modest, retiring man, who was quite careless about his appearance. He was warned by the Treasurer to dress ... Sir Alfred Poland (1822 - August 21, 1872) was a 19th-century British surgeon. He is now best known for the first account of ... He died of consumption on Aug 21st, 1872 "Poland, Alfred (1822 - 1872)". Royal College of Surgeons. Retrieved 21 November 2014 ...

The first cities in today's Poland, Kalisz and Elbląg on the Amber Trail to the Baltic Sea, were mentioned by Roman writers in ... You can enter Poland by one of many roads linking Poland with the neighboring countries. Since Poland's entry to the Schengen ... Contemporary Poland (Third Republic of Poland). Nowadays, Poland is a democratic country with a stable, robust economy, a ... The legal tender in Poland is the Polish złoty (zł, international abbreviation: PLN). The złoty divides into 100 grosze. Poland ...

Kraków (also spelled Cracow), the former capital of Poland, is located 180 miles south of the present capital of Warsaw. It is ... Also known as the Church on the Rock, this 14th-century Gothic church stands on the site where Bishop Stanislaw of Poland was ... one of Poland's largest (pop. 780,000), most historic and most beautiful cities. ...

Poland portal Outline of Poland Geographical midpoint of Europe a. ^ In other languages of Poland: *Kashubian: Repùblika Pòlskô ... Poland at Curlie (based on DMOZ) Wikimedia Atlas of Poland Geographic data related to Poland at OpenStreetMap. ... The 5 largest companies supplying Poland with electricity are PGE, Tauron, Enea, Energa and Innogy Poland. Transport in Poland ... The Constitution of Poland is the supreme law in contemporary Poland, and the Polish legal system is based on the principle of ...

... Yizkor Book Project JewishGen Home Page Yizkor Book Project Manager, Lance Ackerfeld This web page created by ... Once a friend said to me that he's going to travel to Poland and that he would look for my brother there, maybe he would find ... As the second biggest airport in Poland was found in Demblin, the city was heavily and often bombarded. The 12th of September, ... That's exactly what happened, he found my brother in Poland. After a few weeks my brother came to me and we traveled together ...

Poland's biodiversity is among the richest in Europe. Its transitional climate which is influenced by oceanic and continental ... Nature in Poland. Thu, 18 Apr 2013 Poland's biodiversity is among the richest in Europe. Its transitional climate which is ... Creation of a new national park in a beautiful and naturally rich area of Poland at the border with the Ukraine - supported by ... There is a very good level of knowledge about the biodiversity of Poland. It is estimated that the number of species in the ...

Paving the way for an 'ambitious' agreement on the 2014-2020 budget, energy security and the European Union's Eastern neighbourhood are all key priorities of the Polish EU Presidency during the second half of 2011. The Poles, for their part, have pulled all the stops to ensure that the Union remains committed to redistributive policies at a time of economic austerity.. ...

Reduced to rubble in World War II, the Royal Castle in central Warsaw was home to kings and queens in the 17th and 18th centuries, followed by Polish presidents. It has been meticulously rebuilt, restoring a sense of continuity to the capital city. (Piotr Malecki / For The Times ...

Rzuchów [ˈʐuxuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbie, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in ... west-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Dąbie, 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Koło, and 127 ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rzuchów,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship&oldid=772431298" ...

... is a lake district in west-central Poland in the Voivodship (province) Wielkopolskie Voivodship. ... Greater Poland (in Polish Wielkopolska) is a lake district in west-central Poland in the Voivodship (province) Wielkopolskie ... Greater Poland was also a core of the restoring of the kingdom in 1295 and fro short time became again the capital of Poland, ... More info about Cistersian in Greater Poland (in English) : [3] Do. Greater Poland has a lot to offer for all train-lovers. ...

With Poland at last free in 1989, stories can be told. This site is dedicated to the victims that could not speak. Many have ... Between communist not allowing Poland to speak and Polish families spread to all corner of the world it worked. Families from ... my Polish family from eastern Poland was deported by Soviets to Siberia. My family is Roman Catholic and many have not heard of ... Poland the silence is broken is a Restricted Group with 28 members.. *Poland the silence is broken ...

United Poland (Polish: Solidarna Polska, abbreviated to SP, alternatively translated as "Solidarity Poland" or "Solidary Poland ... Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2012. p. 68-69. "Prime Minister meets Solidarna Polska (Solidary Poland)". premier.gov. ... It opposes the construction of a nuclear power plant in Poland. The party was founded in 2012 by Law and Justice (PiS) MEP ... At the time, opinion polls put the party on just 2%. Right Wing of the Republic has offered co-operation with United Poland. ...

Poland is an unincorporated community in the Town of Eaton, Brown County, Wisconsin, United States. It is located at the ... "History of Poland, Brown County". Wisconsin Historical Society. Coordinates: 44°26′37″N 87°49′34″W﻿ / ﻿44.44361°N 87.82611°W﻿ ... "Poland". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. "Location in Wisconsin". Google Maps. " ...

Poland is a public art work by artist Mark di Suvero located at the Lynden Sculpture Garden near Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The ... The Calling The Lovers Aurora Bradley Family Foundation (2012). "Poland (sculpture)". Inventory of American Sculpture. ... "Poland". Collection. Lynden Sculpture Garden. Retrieved 12 December 2012. ...

BACKGROUND: Fibrinogen and factor VII activity are known to be related to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but population differences in clotting factors and modifiable characteristics that influence their levels have not been widely explored. METHODS: This paper examines correlates of plasma fibrinogen concentration and factor VII activity in 2443 men and women aged 35-64 in random samples selected from the residents in two districts in urban Warsaw (618 men and 651 women) and from rural Tarnobrzeg Province (556 men and 618 women) screened in 1987-1988, and assesses which characteristics might explain urban-rural differences. Fibrinogen and factor VII activity were determined using coagulation methods. RESULTS: Fibrinogen was 12.9 mg/dl higher in men and 14.1 mg/dl higher in women in Tarnobrzeg compared to Warsaw. Factor VII activity was higher in Warsaw (9.2% in men and 15.3% in women). After adjustment for selected characteristics, fibrinogen was higher in smokers compared to non-smokers by 28 mg/dl in men and 22 mg/dl in women. In women, a 15 mg/dl increase in HDL-cholesterol was associated with a 10 mg/dl decrease in fibrinogen (P < 0.01). After adjustment for other variables, a higher factor VII activity in Warsaw remained significant (a difference of 9.4% in men and 14.8% in women). Lower fibrinogen in Warsaw remained significant only in women (15.4 mg/dl difference). CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed that sex, age, BMI, smoking and blood lipids are related to clotting factors. However, with the exception of gender differences and smoking, associations between clotting factors and other variables were small and of questionable practical importance. (+info)

European water frog hybrids Rana esculenta (Rana ridibunda x Rana lessonae) reproduce hemiclonally, transmitting only their ridibunda genome to gametes. We compared fitness-related larval life-history traits of natural R. esculenta from Poland with those of the two sympatric parental species and of newly generated F1 hybrids. Compared with either parental species, F1 hybrid offspring had higher survival, higher early growth rates, a more advanced developmental stage by day 49, and earlier metamorphosis, but similar mass at metamorphosis. R. esculenta from natural lineages had trait values intermediate between those of F1 offspring and of the two parental species. The data support earlier observations on natural R. esculenta that had faster larval growth, earlier metamorphosis, and higher resistance to hypoxic conditions compared with either parental species. Observing larval heterosis in F1 hybrids in survival, growth rate, and time to metamorphosis, however, at an even higher degree than in hybrids from natural lineages, demonstrates that heterosis is spontaneous and results from hybridity per se rather than from subsequent interclonal selection; in natural lineages the effects of hybridity and of clonal history are confounded. This is compelling evidence for spontaneous heterosis in hybrid clonals. Results on hemiclonal fish hybrids (Poeciliopsis) showed no spontaneous heterosis; thus, our frog data are not applicable to all hybrid clonals. Our data do show, however, that heterosis is an important potential source for the extensively observed ecological success of hybrid clonals. We suggest that heterosis and interclonal selection together shape fitness of natural R. esculenta lineages. (+info)

Twenty cases of primary Fallopian tube endometrioid carcinoma (PFTEC) are presented in the paper. This accounts for 42.5% of all histologic forms of primary Fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) found in our Department. The youngest patient was 38, and the oldest 68 years (mean: 56 years). Seven patients were nulliparas. Only two cases were bilateral. According to FIGO staging, 13 cases were evaluated as stage I, 4 as II, and 3 as stage III. Due to the histologic grading, 8 tumors were classified as well, 7 as moderately, and 5 as poorly differentiated. In the time of preparation of the manuscript, 12 women were still alive, 2 of them with recurrent disease. The follow-up of patients without recurrence ranged from 4 to 120 months (median: 63). Eight patients had died (survival time: from 4 to 65 months; median: 26). Metastases were found in 8 patients, especially to ovaries. In 14/20 cases of PFTEC various forms of tubal wall invasion were observed. Blood or lymphatic vessels involvement was found in 9 patients. Six of them had died and one is alive with the symptoms of disease. Immunohistochemical detection of the mutant form of p53 protein and oncogene product, c-erbB-2, was studied in 17 cases. Nine patients exhibited simultaneous p53 protein accumulation and c-erbB-2 expression. 2/9 of these patients are alive with recurrent tumors and 4/9 died. Endometrioid carcinoma of the Fallopian tube can be characterized by a tendency to superficial invasion of tubal wall and in a half of the cases by invasion of vessels. The majority of these tumors were diagnosed at an early stage tumors. (+info)

Penicillin resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates has rapidly emerged in Poland during the last decade and has reached prevalence levels of up to 14.4% in 1997. In order to investigate the nature of this increase, a molecular epidemiological analysis of non-penicillin-susceptible multidrug-resistant pneumococci isolated in 1995 and 1996 was conducted. Thirty-seven patients who suffered mainly from upper respiratory tract infections and pneumococcal pneumonia were enrolled in this study. The medical centers to which the patients were admitted were located in 16 Polish towns across the country. Eight distinct BOX PCR types were observed, representing 14 subtypes. Restriction fragment end labeling (RFEL) analysis divided the pneumococcal strains into 16 distinct types. By combining the BOX PCR and RFEL data, four genetically distinct clusters of strains were identified. Two clusters represented the genetic clones 23F and 9V, which have recently emerged all over the world. The two other genetic clusters, which represented serotypes 23F and 6B, clearly predominated in the analyzed collection of Polish non-penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal strains. Since the latter clusters did not match any of the 133 RFEL types of non-penicillin-susceptible pneumococci collected in 15 other countries, their Polish clonal origin is most likely. (+info)

(5/2045) Molecular epidemiologic research on the effects of environmental pollutants on the fetus.

Evidence shows that fetuses and infants are more affected than adults by a variety of environmental toxicants because of differential exposure, physiologic immaturity, and a longer lifetime over which disease initiated in early life can develop. In this article we review data on the effects of in utero exposure to common environmental contaminants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), particulate matter and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). We then summarize results from our molecular epidemiologic study to assess risks from in utero exposures to ambient air pollution and ETS. This research study, conducted in Poland, used biomarkers to measure the internal and bioeffective dose of toxicants and individual susceptibility factors. The study included 160 mothers and 160 newborns. Ambient air pollution was significantly associated (p= 0.05) with the amount of PAH bound to DNA (PAH-DNA adducts) in both maternal and infant cord white blood cells (WBC). Newborns with elevated PAH-DNA adducts (greater than the median) had significantly decreased birth weight (p= 0.05), birth length (p= 0.02), and head circumference (p= 0.0005) compared to the newborns with lower adducts (n= 135). Maternal and infant cotinine levels were increased by active and passive cigarette smoke exposure of the mother (p= 0.01). An inverse correlation was seen between newborn plasma cotinine (nanograms per milliliter) and birth weight (p= 0.0001) and length (p= 0.003). Adducts were elevated in placental tissue and WBC of newborns who were heterozygous or homozygous for the cytochrome P4501A1 MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) compared to newborns without the RFLP. Levels of PAH-DNA and cotinine were higher in newborns than mothers. These results document that there is significant transplacental transfer of PAH and ETS constituents from mother to fetus; that PAH-DNA adduct levels in maternal and newborn WBC were increased with environmental exposure to PAH from ambient pollution; and that the fetus is more sensitive to genetic damage than the mother. The study also provided the first molecular evidence that transplacental PAH exposure to the fetus is compromising fetal development. If confirmed, these findings could have significant public health implications since a number of studies have found that reduction of head circumference at birth correlates with lower intelligence quotient as well as poorer cognitive functioning and school performance in childhood. (+info)

(6/2045) Mucolipidosis type IV: the origin of the disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish population.

Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease in which most of the patients diagnosed hitherto are Ashkenazi Jews. The basic metabolic defect causing this disease is still unknown and the relevant gene has not yet been mapped or cloned. Seventeen Israel Ashkenazi families with MLIV patients had been interviewed to study their family origin. Although the families immigrated to Israel from various European countries they all could trace their roots three to four generations back to northern Poland or the immediate neighbouring country, Lithuania. Furthermore, there are only one or two ultraorthodox families among the 70-80 Ashkenazi families with MLIV patients worldwide, a marked under-representation of this group which constitutes at least 10% of the Ashkenazi population. This data indicate that MLIV mutation occurred only around the 18th and 19th centuries, after the major expansion of this population, in a founder in this defined European region belonging to a more modern, secular family. (+info)

(7/2045) Application of the classic Limulus test and the quantitative kinetic chromogenic LAL method for evaluation of endotoxin concentration in indoor air.

The classic (gel-clot procedure) Limulus test (CLT) and the quantitative kinetic chromogenic LAL method (KQCL) used for the evaluation of bacterial endotoxin concentration in the indoor air of dwellings were compared. The scientific procedure included analyses of 40 air samples supplemented by the analysis of 20 sample duplicates (selected at random) which were taken during the fall season from 10 flats located in 3 towns of the Upper Silesian region (southern Poland). The particulate aerosol probes were sampled by Harvard impactor and Casella sampler. The same samples were analyzed in the Netherlands using the quantitative kinetic chromogenic LAL method, and in Poland using the classic Limulus test. Comparison of both methods revealed that the quantitative kinetic chromogenic LAL method was more precise, with better reproducibility (the coefficient of variation between analyses of the main probe and its duplicate was over two times smaller in the KQCL method than in the CLT method), fully automated in the phase of analysis and data reading, and faster and more effective than the classic Limulus test. Nevertheless, on the basis of the obtained results, the usefulness of the classic Limulus method for assessment of the degree of pollution of indoor air with bacterial endotoxin seems to be confirmed as in the majority of examined samples (21 out 40) the results obtained by both methods were of the same order of magnitude, and in the remaining 19 samples did exceed one order of magnitude. Thus, the data received by means of the classic Limulus test may be regarded as acceptable. (+info)

(8/2045) Seroepidemiologic study on the occurrence of antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in urban and rural population of the Lublin region (eastern Poland).

The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies against Yersinia in the rural and urban population and to determine the frequency of particular serotypes of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. 472 sera were examined, 257 of rural inhabitants and 215 of urban inhabitants. The survey was carried out by passive hemagglutination test with the antigens of Yersinia serotypes considered pathogenic for humans: Y. enterocolitica 03, 05, 06, 08, 09 and Y. pseudotuberculosis I and III. In the examined rural population positive reactions to Yersinia antigens were significantly more frequent than in the examined urban population (42% versus 20%, p<0.0001). The most frequent reactions were against Y. enterocolitica serotypes 05 and 08. (+info)

On February 2, 2009 a press conference was given in which the head of the Referendum Committee, former LPR MP Daniel Pawłowiec, was named as head of Libertas Poland (Libertas Polska, LP), and the Referendum Committee offices at Aleje Ujazdowskie 22/3, 00-478 Warsaw were named as the headquarters of Libertas Poland. (wikipedia.org)

Instead, Pawlowiec's Lewica i Demokraci was renamed to Libertas Polska, the new name being registered on 24 February 2009 On 11 February 2009, Libertas Poland held a press conference concerning the emergency meeting of the European Council. (wikipedia.org)

The first cities in today's Poland, Kalisz and Elbląg on the Amber Trail to the Baltic Sea, were mentioned by Roman writers in the first century AD, but the first Polish settlement in Biskupin dates even further back to the 7th century BC. (wikitravel.org)

Poznań - the capital of the region, the 5th biggest city in Poland with history going back to the end of 9the century, full of monuments from all epoques, including the oldest polish church (and the oldest cathedral) from 960s, beautiful gothic - renessaince - baroque Old Town and bulings from the turn 19/20th cent erected by Prussians and creating so called Emperor's District. (wikitravel.org)

In February 2013, a historic agreement was negotiated between JRI-Poland and the Polish State Archives to make more records available in digitized form. (wikipedia.org)

Ganley insisted that the Poland Libertas party used the word "Libertas" in the title but the party politicians were concerned that the non-Polish name would deter voters. (wikipedia.org)

In that press conference, Libertas Poland demanded that the Polish government should reduce VAT following the UK example, propose an EU joint energy policy, and reopen the labor markets of Germany and Austria to Polish workers. (wikipedia.org)

Stronnictwo "Piast") also initially rejected cooperation with Libertas for similar reasons to Forward Poland and because the party did not have a Polish name. (wikipedia.org)

After Poland regained independence in the aftermath of World War I, Polish automotive industry produced a number of light military vehicles, such as armored cars tankettes and light tanks (7TP being the most advanced model). (wikipedia.org)

On February 1, 2009, Ganley spoke to the inaugural Warsaw meeting of the Referendum Committee (Komitetu Referendalnego), an organization advocating that referendums be held prior to treaty ratifications by Poland. (wikipedia.org)

The origin of the name Poland derives from the West Slavic tribe of Polans (Polanie) that inhabited the Warta River basin of the historic Greater Poland region starting in the 6th century. (wikipedia.org)

Besides the town offers wonderful lakes, an open-air museum showing building from Greater Poland and a Robert Koch Museum (TC discovery), who lived for most of his life here. (wikitravel.org)

The name was transferred into "Wielkopolska" - "Greater Poland" later on, during the reign of Przemysl II at the end of XIIIth century. (wikitravel.org)

When in 1138 Poland was divided in duchies united by the rule of the senior, Greater Poland became on independent duchy, and vfew decades later there were two small states with capitals in Poznan and Kalisz - for most of the time Gniezno - the third biggest city in the region at that time belonged to the Kalisz duchy. (wikitravel.org)

In the period between XVth and XVIIth centuries, when many war affected central and eastern Poland, the Greater Poland was an oasis of peace, that helped to grow and expand the cities and all the region. (wikitravel.org)

In the late 13th century, confederations of cities, aiming to support public safety and provide security from rampant banditry, appeared, with the first confederation being that of several towns (Poznań, Pyzdry, Gniezno and Kalisz in Greater Poland) in 1298. (wikipedia.org)

Poland began to form into a recognizable unitary and territorial entity around the middle of the 10th century under the Piast dynasty. (wikipedia.org)

Declan Ganley visited Poland on Friday 9 January 2009 to discuss terms for the formation of the Poland branch of Libertas with representatives from Forward Poland (NP), PSL Piast and Prawica Rzeczypospolitej (PR). (wikipedia.org)

The parties that affiliated with Libertas Poland and the parent organization Libertas.eu are as follows: Forward Poland and PSL Piast Forward Poland (Naprzód Polsko, NP) originally rejected cooperation with Libertas because they felt that Libertas did not reflect their desire for a more independent Poland. (wikipedia.org)

According to the 2002 Poland census, there were 1,038 people residing in Bogoria village, of whom 47.6% were male and 52.4% were female. (wikipedia.org)

In the early 2000, around the years 2002-2003, Poland produced about 300,000 light vehicles a year, a number that increased once again after the accession of Poland to the European Union in 2004, having doubled by the mid-2000s and then almost tripled by the end of the decade around 2009. (wikipedia.org)

After completing her secondary education at St Dominic's Priory School in Port Elizabeth, Poland completed her Bachelor of Arts degree at Rhodes University, majoring in Social Anthropology and Xhosa. (wikipedia.org)

Poland experienced its golden age from 14th till 16th century, under the reign of king Casimir the Great, and the Jagiellonian dynasty, whose rule extended from the Baltic to the Black and Adriatic seas. (wikitravel.org)

Also known as the Church on the Rock, this 14th-century Gothic church stands on the site where Bishop Stanislaw of Poland was beheaded and dismembered on order of the king in 1079. (sacred-destinations.com)

Poland was first united as a country in the first half of the 10th century, and officially adopted Catholicism in 966 AD. (wikitravel.org)

Responding to the need for reform, Poland was the 1st country in Europe (and the 2nd in the world, after the US) to pass a constitution. (wikitravel.org)

With the country in political disarray, various sections of Poland were subsequently occupied by its neighbors, Russia, Prussia and Austria, in three coordinated "partitions" of 1772 and 1793, and 1795. (wikitravel.org)

Poland is a developed and democratic country, which maintains a high-income economy along with very high standards of living, life quality, safety, education and economic freedom. (wikipedia.org)

Nature in Poland has been negatively affected by human development at varying levels within the country: unevenly spread industrialisation and urbanization coexist with large areas characterised by traditional agriculture and extensive ancient forests (the Białowieza Forest is the best preserved area of primeval forest in Europe). (iucn.org)

The Country Focus on Poland presents projects by IUCN Members which aim to protect nature and its diversity. (iucn.org)

citation needed] Poland was the first recipient of the Percy FitzPatrick Award for children's literature in 1979 for The Mantis and the Moon and in 1983 she won the award again for Woodash Stars. (wikipedia.org)

Having an extensive history, Poland has developed a rich cultural heritage, including numerous historical monuments. (wikipedia.org)

In 2014, JRI-Poland was instrumental in the Finding Your Roots episode featuring the family history of Alan Dershowitz, Carole King, and Tony Kushner according to Josh Gleason, producer, who said that the program was able to provide information about the subject's 3rd and 4th ancestors that would otherwise have been unavailable except for the work of JRI-Poland. (wikipedia.org)

We have a long history of welcoming students from Poland, both on exchange and for full undergraduate and postgraduate courses. (strath.ac.uk)

Up until the creation of Mieszko's state and his subsequent conversion to Christianity in 966 AD, the main religion of Slavic tribes that inhabited the geographical area of present-day Poland was Slavic paganism. (wikipedia.org)

In some languages, such as Hungarian, Lithuanian, Persian and Turkish, the exonym for Poland is Lechites (Lechici), which derives from the name of a semi-legendary ruler of Polans, Lech I. Historians have postulated that throughout Late Antiquity, many distinct ethnic groups populated the regions of what is now Poland. (wikipedia.org)

Air Poland operated charter flights to leisure destinations in the following countries: Summer schedule: Turkey Greece Egypt Tunisia Spain Italy Portugal Morocco Winter schedule: Caribbean Islands South-East Asia South America In 2011 FlyCentralEurope announced in-cooperation with Air Italy and Hamilton (ON) airport, it will be offering new service from Hamilton to Budapest, Kraków and Prague, on board Air Italy's Boeing 767-200ER aircraft. (wikipedia.org)

The most famous archaeological find from the prehistory and protohistory of Poland is the Biskupin fortified settlement (now reconstructed as an open-air museum), dating from the Lusatian culture of the early Iron Age, around 700 BC. (wikipedia.org)

Now the region is known for its high agicultural culture, for being (especially Poznan the business and fair heart of Poland and for many historical sights from both first co-capitals and other places. (wikitravel.org)

Poland is known for researching the immunogenetics of responses to certain vaccines, including smallpox vaccines. (wikipedia.org)

The Slavic groups who would form Poland migrated to these areas in the second half of the 5th century AD. (wikipedia.org)

Out of those, historically Fiat had a very strong presence in Poland for almost a century: the Polski Fiat assembly plan was established in the 1920s, and while interrupted by World War II, production of Fiat-licensed vehicles resumed in socialist Poland in 1967. (wikipedia.org)

The first blacksmith shop in Poland, Indiana was owned by James A Poland, the year was 1839.In 1841 J.B. Nees conceived the idea of starting a town and with conversing with the 3 other land owners all agreed to set aside land, and Poland was born. (wikipedia.org)

The fourth son of the Rev. Frederick Poland, a Church of England clergyman who was vicar of Paignton, Devon from 1861 to 1891, Poland was educated at a private school called Newton College in Devon and at Trinity College, Cambridge. (wikipedia.org)

Poland is an unincorporated community in the Town of Eaton, Brown County, Wisconsin, United States. (wikipedia.org)

Born in Penarth, Cardiff, Poland began his career playing as a forward with local amateur sides Cogan and Penarth Mission where his performances attracted the attention of Third Division South side Swindon Town who offered him a trial. (wikipedia.org)

When the Football League resumed at the end of the war, Poland rejoined Cardiff City and played in the opening two matches of the 1946-47 season, defeats to Norwich City and Swindon Town, but lost his place in the side to Danny Canning. (wikipedia.org)

Poland also worked as an ethnologist at the Iziko South African Museum in Cape Town. (wikipedia.org)

According to the World Bank, Poland has a leading school educational system in Europe. (wikipedia.org)

According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, Poland syndrome affects males three times as often as females and affects the right side of the body twice as often as the left. (wikipedia.org)

Poland syndrome, named after British surgeon Alfred Poland, is a rare birth defect characterized by underdevelopment or absence of the chest muscle (pectoralis) on one side of the body, and usually also webbing of the fingers (cutaneous syndactyly) of the hand on the same side (the ipsilateral hand). (wikipedia.org)

Sir Harry Bodkin Poland was a British barrister who worked at the Bar from 1851 to 1895. (wikipedia.org)

In 2004 BMG Poland merged with Sony Music Entertainment Poland to Sony BMG Music Entertainment Poland, as of joint venture deal between Sony Music Entertainment and Bertelsmann Music Group. (wikipedia.org)

as a result, natural-gas supplies were diminished in Hungary, France, Italy, Poland, and Germany.BBC NewsU.S. financial giant Citigroup was attempting to purchase about 85 percent of the state-owned Guangdong Development Bank of China.The New York TimesThe U.S. Justice Department opened an investigation into who leaked information about the NSA's domestic wiretapping program to the New York Times. (harpers.org)

Poland received the Nielsen Booksellers' Choice Award in 2015 for her novel, The Keeper: This prize is given to the title that South Africa's booksellers most enjoyed reading, promoting and selling in 2014. (wikipedia.org)

Bogoria [bɔˈɡɔrja] is a village in Staszów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. (wikipedia.org)

Poland is located at a geographic crossroads that links the forested lands of northwestern Europe to the sea lanes of the Atlantic Ocean and the fertile plains of the Eurasian frontier. (britannica.com)