So reading about the premier of Ontario Dalton McGuinty abruptly quitting his post, and there's many people wondering if there will have to be an election to replace him. While there is some precedent against it (see Brian Mulroney and Kim Campbell), I wonder if it's the exception to the rule, or if there's no law that forces such a change if this occurs.

Isn't this more of a political question?
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Louis RhysOct 16 '12 at 15:20

@LouisRhys, It is, but History is where they all get asked as their is no other site for political questions.
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RussellOct 16 '12 at 23:45

It's why I attempted to revise the question to reference whether it had occurred historically, as opposed to if it's part of law. We'll see how well it works.
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canadiancreedOct 16 '12 at 23:54

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@canadiancreed: can you clarify which election(s) you're referring to? I.e.: an election for his seat in Parliament (if he's resigned his seat); an election for leadership of his party (if he's resigned as leader); or a general election (if people think that it's inappropriate to have a change of premier without having the chance to choose the party in power).
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Steve MelnikoffOct 17 '12 at 16:14

1 Answer
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The Westminster system does not compel, either by law or by convention, a member to resign from his/her electorate and force a by-election upon resignation or loss of confidence as head of government. The decision is left up to the member, who may choose to do so after a satisfyingly long career or in an attempt to allow the party to present a fresh face without being encumbered by someone synonymous with past unpopular policies.

In Australia, very few Prime Ministers have resigned from parliament straight after having resigned as Prime Minister:

Edmund Barton, the first Prime Minister, resigned in 1903 to join the newly established High Court.

Andrew Fisher resigned as Prime Minister and from his seat without much explanation in 1915.

Robert Menzies retired in 1966 after having been Australia's longest serving Prime Minister. He had earlier resigned as Prime Minister in 1941 but had stayed on in parliament.

Malcolm Fraser resigned from parliament after losing the 1983 election.

Bob Hawke resigned from parliament 3 months after losing to a leadership challenge from Paul Keating. At the time, he had been Australia's second longest serving Prime Minister.

Paul Keating resigned from parliament after losing the 1996 election.

I'm not as familiar with the poliical history of other countries. Some examples of those who have not resigned from parliament straight after resigning as Prime Minister are John Major (UK), Margaret Thatcher (UK), Paul Martin (Canada) and Jenny Shipley (NZ).

Didn't Australia also have a Prime Minister who just flat out disappeared? It's an odd place...
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T.E.D.♦Oct 16 '12 at 14:39

Yes, Harold Holt, who disappeared on a swim (and had a swimming pool named after him). There have also been two more who died in office and two who lost their seats at election, one of whom subsequently regained his seat.
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lins314159Oct 16 '12 at 22:11