Why Is Health Insurance So Expensive?

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After years of being on her husband’s health insurance policy, a divorce left Laura Scholz, a freelance public relations consultant in Atlanta, looking for her own plan. Yet even though the fit 33-year-old goes to the gym five times a week and runs marathons for charity, the policy she found cost more than $800 a month. “That’s a quarter of my income,” she says. “And that didn’t even cover my $400-a-month asthma drugs.”

Unable to handle the payments, she switched to a bare-bones plan that has a $150 monthly premium but covers only catastrophic medical crises (like a ruptured appendix or a car accident). “I can’t afford to get my eyes checked, or see a dentist, and I had to pay $800 out-of-pocket when I developed a stress fracture in my foot last summer,” she says. “I work hard and I take good care of myself, yet it’s still next to impossible to get decent coverage.”

With unemployment rising and companies cutting back on benefits, more and more Americans are experiencing the sticker shock of buying unsubsidized health insurance for the first time. “Even healthy people are facing payments they simply can’t afford,” says Arthur Caplan, Ph.D., director of the Center for Bioethics at the University of Pennsylvania and an msnbc.com contributor. “And if you have a preexisting problem, forget it. Insurance rates are beyond the means of everyone but the most wealthy.”

But anyone who saw the Michael Moore documentary “Sicko” knows that living without health insurance is like playing Russian roulette with your financial security — all it takes is one extended illness or accident to wipe out your savings and put you deeply in debt.

Over the past decade, the average yearly contribution to even employer-sponsored plans has gone through the roof — up more than $1,800, as the table below shows. Why the upward spiral? We’ve outlined the top five reasons — and offer five expert-recommended ways to bring your costs back down.

1. Your doctor is freaked about getting sued
Experts call it defensive medicine. “Doctors often order unnecessary diagnostic tests, procedures, and therapies to cover their butts in case of a legal dispute,” Caplan says. The more stuff your insurance company has to cover, the more it will pass those costs to you.

2. Your insurer pushes more paper than Dunder Mifflin

A third of U.S. health care expenditures goes toward administrative costs (Canada spends less than half that — about 16 percent). But that money goes to more than just reams of dead trees; it also pays the salaries of everyone from phone operators to top executives, as well as for claims processing and sales.
But for the record, administrative costs are even too high in Canada! We are spending way more on health care than any other country and yet our results are indistinguishable from the most third world country unless you are comparing our wealthy and elite citizens.

For them the health care results are amazing. Yes if you are wealthy you can expect to live to 100 while your community is lucky to live to 75.

That is the result when health care is privatized, just like any other industry. Of course free market economics is the only form of government that can be successful, provided that public utilities are handled by that government. And health care is and should be a public utility. Just look at every other country in the world and you will come to the same conclusion. The rich can keep their health insurance with a socialized health care model as well and still pay extra money for the latest medical technologies but the results for everyone would be better coverage (any coverage is better than none) and a dramatic savings in health care costs. There should be no mistake, Socialized Medicine is the only answer to this “puzzle.”

3. Your insurer would rather pay to treat a disease than prevent one
Covering preventive care is low on most insurance companies’ priority lists, even though doing so could help patients avoid serious illnesses and their complications — as well as their pricey treatments. “We pay for costly interventions like bypass surgery or chemotherapy to treat diseases at the back end instead of focusing on lifestyle changes to keep patients healthy on the front end,” says Aaron Carroll, M.D., director of the Indiana University Center for Health Policy and Professionalism Research. Placing a priority on preventive care would also save billions: One recent report showed that investing just $10 per person per year in programs on exercise, nutrition, and smoking cessation could save $16 billion per year in another five years.

4. Your doctor is paid for how much he does for you — not for how well he cares for you

Under the fee-for-service model that most health insurance plans use, physicians make more money with every office visit and procedure they do. That gives them a built-in financial incentive to push for more, though not necessarily better, health care, says award-winning journalist Shannon Brownlee, author of “Overtreated: Why Too Much Medicine Is Making Us Sicker and Poorer.”

Best ways to lower costs

1. Negotiate with your provider

“If you don’t have insurance or if you have a high-deductible plan [that's where you exchange a lower monthly premium for higher out-of-pocket fees], tell your doctor,” says Ethan Ewing, president of bills.com, a website that offers personal-finance services. “Explain that you’ll be paying for this care yourself, and ask if you can get a better rate if they bill you directly.” Some providers will also offer reduced fees if you pay cash on the spot. “Speak up as early in the process as possible,” Ewing advises. “Medical providers will be much more willing to negotiate payment terms and try to work with you.”

2. Consider COBRA carefully

If you’re laid off by a company with more than 20 employees, you’re entitled to stay on your employer’s group health plan for up to 18 months. The catch: You’re on the hook for the entire premium, which may be more than you can afford. If you’re free of chronic conditions and don’t have kids, you might be better off with a high-deductible individual plan. You’ll have to pay more out-of-pocket if you do get sick, but some programs cover 100 percent of preventive care, so at least you won’t have to come up with the cash for your yearly Pap.

4. Get your insurer to pay for more coverage
Your doc says your treatment is necessary, but your insurer disagrees. Instead of just sighing and forking over the money, file an appeal — about half the time you can get a better deal, according to a Kaiser Family Foundation study. You’ll improve your odds of success if you get your doctor on board and provide supporting evidence from medical studies to help bolster your case. (One good source: pubmed.gov.) Even if your request is rejected, you might be able to submit a second appeal to your state health board; contact the department of insurance in your state to determine what rules and regulations apply.

5. Find an advocate
A patient advocate negotiates with insurers on your behalf, scours your medical bills for errors and overcharges, and helps you file appeals.

In one instance, the Medical Billing Advocates of America (MBAA) uncovered a $57 charge for a small piece of gauze to wipe down surgical equipment (the cloth was itemized on an invoice as a “fog elimination device”). For-profit firms like MBAA (billadvocates.com) and Health Advocate (healthadvocate.com) charge $50 to $100 an hour; non-profits like the Patient Advocate Foundation (patientadvocate.org) take some cases for free.