"People didn't know where their orders stood, and it became a big guessing game," said one trader, who had put in an order to buy Facebook shares ahead of the opening bell. "Nasdaq couldn't handle it -- they blew it."

Nasdaq started the process that should have led to the stock's first official trade at 11:05 a.m. ET. In that process, Nasdaq matches up orders to buy shares with orders to sell -- orders that don't get executed until the stock begins trading.

But on Friday, the process fell into an unexpected loop.

Traders submitted changes to their orders before the opening trade began. And since the system is designed to factor in those changes, the process began again.

After the process was completed a second time, yet more order changes were received, forcing another recalculation.

Twenty minutes later, at 11:30 a.m. ET, Nasdaq switched to another system that matches orders, allowing the exchange to finally complete the process.

"Nasdaq was inundated with orders, as they should have been because of the magnitude of the issuance, but the problem was that they promised everyone an 11 a.m. start," said the trader. "Then they moved it to 11:05, and then once they realized they had a real problem, there was radio silence. Instead of telling people what was going on, they opened the stock without resolving the glitch."

Though Facebook (FB) had started to trade, switching to another system last-minute "resulted in unintended consequences," said Nasdaq.

Nasdaq had only accepted orders up until 11:11 a.m. ET, so any new orders, modifications and cancellations made after that point, but ahead of the opening trade, were not part of the final "IPO cross" process.

Nasdaq said it eventually delivered confirmations for outstanding order executions and cancellations at 1:50 p.m. ET.

The trader said he didn't receive a report of how many shares he bought and how much he paid for them until three hours after his order was executed. Typically, that report is transmitted instantaneously, he added.

He noted that GM's (GM, Fortune 500) 2010 IPO on the New York Stock Exchange was almost as large as Facebook's -- in terms of size, not hype -- and it went off without a hitch.

Though he will continue to buy shares of companies that list on the Nasdaq on their first day of trading, despite the experience with Facebook, the trader said he would think twice if he were the listing company.

Another trader, Sam Ginzburg, head of capital markets at First New York Securities, said that while Nasdaq's snafu is an "unfortunate" and a "really odd and rare occurrence," it is not game-changing.

Ginzburg said Morgan Stanley (MS, Fortune 500) and the other underwriters remained in contact wtih mutual fund managers and other investors about the technical glitches, which helped keep the stock fairly stable throught the day.

"They were keeping people calm, because there were a lot of tempers that were really really high," he said.

To prevent a repeat of Facebook's botched opening, Nasdaq has changed its process to no longer accept order modifications once the final calculation has begun.

Nasdaq also said that exchange members who were impacted by its errors "may seek financial accommodation" if they had submitted orders between 11:11 a.m. ET and 11:30 a.m. ET Friday that were either not executed or executed at an inferior price. Claims must be submitted in writing by noon.

Nasdaq said it is also looking to implement a procedure for the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) to review all the accommodation requests and provide a report to Nasdaq and its board with the total value of the valid claims.

Shares of Nasdaq OMX Group (NDAQ) fell 4% Friday, but bounced back 1.6% on Monday.

Despite the snags, more than 80 million Facebook shares changed hands in the first 30 seconds of trading Friday. Volume spiked to about 567 million shares by the end of the session, setting a new volume record for IPOs.