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Table 1. Additional cost of a land survey for an average transaction Estimated cost of a survey in Spain (€)514.08€ PurchaseEngland38.08% Netherlands50.78% Purchase and 70% mortgage England30.97% Netherlands31.72%

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Table 6. Foreign residents in Spain (Jan. 1, 2013) Age groups Born in the UK Born in The Netherlands Number% % 1 to 64 years214, %36, % more than 65106, %11, % Total321, %47, %

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Conclusions ▪ Economics: modest fixed cost to reduce cross-border transaction costs & keeping legal security ▪ Surveying costly & not subject to externalities: should be subject to general law and not be made mandatory ▪ Local conveyancers costly & not externalities: should not be made mandatory ▪ Substantial & increasing demand, given the number of foreign owners and their advanced age