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Each shell is subdivided into subshells, which are made up of orbitals. Shells are areas that surround the center of an atom. Each of those shells has a name (K, L, M...).

Each orbital in a shell has a characteristic shape, and is named by a letter. They are: s, p, d, and f. In a one-electron atom (e.g. H, He+, Li+, etc.) the energy of each orbital within a particular shell is identical.