..Current guidelines differ; some recommend an aggressive case-finding approach, whereas others advocate testing only symptomatic women or those with a personal history of thyroid disease or other associated medical conditions...

..We will discuss iodine metabolism, homeostasis, and nutritional recommendations for pregnancy. We will also discuss the possible effects of environmental contaminants on iodine utilization in pregnant women...

Monitoring and effects of iodine deficiency in pregnancy: still an unsolved problem?

..Excess iodine ingestion in pregnancy, while a relatively uncommon problem, may also have adverse fetal effects. However, the safe upper limit for chronic iodine ingestion in pregnancy and lactation is not currently well defined...

..Many endocrine conditions have strong familial components. We tested for association between the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 100K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set and measures of kidney function and endocrine traits...

..Organochlorine pesticides and dioxins may decrease serum T(4) half-life by activating hepatic enzymes. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the risk posed by these and other potentially thyroid-disrupting compounds...

..S. drinking water supplies at levels ranging from 4 to 200 microg/liter as well as in agricultural products. Perchlorate is known to be a competitive inhibitor of iodine uptake by the thyroid through the sodium-iodide symporter...

..The health impact of environmental perchlorate may be dependent upon adequate iodine intake and should be interpreted in combination with other environmental exposures that are also potential thyroidal endocrine disruptors...

..This review highlights the history of the discovery of iodine and its uses, discusses the sources of iodine nutrition, and summarizes the current recommendations for iodine intake with a focus on women of childbearing age...

Sources of dietary iodine: bread, cows' milk, and infant formula in the Boston area

..2 to 56.8 microg iodine/5 oz (23.5 +/- 13.78 microg/5 oz). The public should be aware of the need for adequate dietary iodine intake and should be aware that ingredient lists do not reflect the iodine content of foods...

123I thyroid uptake and thyroid size at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the administration of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone to normal volunteers

..The iodine status and thyroid function of U.S. vegetarians and vegans have not been previously studied. Environmental perchlorate and thiocyanate (inhibitors of thyroid iodine uptake) exposures may adversely affect thyroid function...

Effects of chronic iodine excess in a cohort of long-term American workers in West Africa

..Use of iodine-containing skin antiseptics in intensive care nurseries has declined substantially in recent years, but whether the current dietary iodine intake meets the requirement for hospitalized preterm infants is unknown...

..We assessed the effect of and time to peak breastmilk iodine levels after potassium iodine ingestion, which has never been studied and is important toward interpretation of studies of breastmilk iodine measurements...

Male sex, African American race or ethnicity, and triiodothyronine levels at diagnosis predict weight gain after antithyroid medication and radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism

Miguel A ArizaSection of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USAEndocr Pract 16:609-16. 2010

..To determine whether racial or ethnic differences affect weight gain after treatment of hyperthyroidism and to reassess established risk factors such as sex, age, and cause of hyperthyroidism...

..The purpose of this study was to assess the iodine content in meals and snacks from 3 U.S. commercial weight-loss programs, all of which are intended to be the sole source of dietary intake during the desired weight-loss period...

..Overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may be associated with weight gain and loss. We assessed whether variations in thyroid function within the reference (physiologic) range are associated with body weight...

An assessment of urinary and breast milk iodine concentrations in lactating mothers from Gorgan, Iran, 2003

The effect of type of delivery and povidone-iodine application at delivery on cord dried-blood-specimen thyrotropin level and the rate of hyperthyrotropinemia in mature and normal-birth-weight neonates residing in an iodine-replete area: report of Tehran

..To evaluate the effects of delivery type and of povidone-iodine disinfection at delivery on cord dried-blood-specimen (DBS) thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations...

Subclinical hypothyroidism

Giampaolo PapiCurr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 14:197-208. 2007

..The main cause of subclinical hypothyroidism is autoimmune chronic thyroiditis. The present report reviews the most important and recent studies on subclinical hypothyroidism, and discusses the most controversial aspects of this topic...