REFRESH YOUR KNOWLEDGE Choose the appropriate verb form to fill in the table (some spaces in the table will stay blank for those tenses where passive is not common).

were madewill have madehas madewill makewill have been made

had madewill have been makingare being mademakeshas been making

to be madewill be madewas makingwill be makingis making

had been madehave been mademadeto makeare made

were being madeare going to be madehad been makingis going to make

Present Simple Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie . Present Continuous Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in Slavonia. Past Simple Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie . Past Continuous Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie . Present Perfect Simple Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie . Present Perfect Continuous Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie .

Past Perfect Simple Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie . Past Perfect Continuous Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie . Future Simple Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie . Future Continuous Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie .

Future Perfect Simple Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie .

Future Perfect Continuous Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie .

«going to» future Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie .

Infinitive Active This patisserie the best cakes. Passive The best cakes in this patisserie .

1. Some information on the trip to Yosemite National Park. Put in the verbs in the passive voice.

Yosemite ____________________ (visit) by millions of people every year. We'll cross the park on Highway 120 but this road ____________________ (close) by snow in winter. We won't use our bus in Yosemite Valley because tourists ____________________ (take) to all the sights there by free park buses. In California earthquakes ____________________ (feel) by millions every year and buildings, roads and bridges ____________ sometimes ______________ (destroy) In bad earthquakes people ____________________ (kill), too.

2. Complete the text. Use the correct present passive form of the verbs in brackets.Ensaimadas ______________________ (make) in Mallorca!Have you ever eaten the delicious cakes called ensaimadas? They (1) ______________________ (produce) in Mallorca, but most of them (2) ______________________ (not eat) on the island – they (3) ______________________ (buy) by tourists. They (4) ______________________ (send) to countries like Germany and Holland.Mallorcan bread (5) ______________________ (make) at the same factory, but it (6) ______________________ (not export). It (7) ______________________ (eat) by the local people. The ensaimadas, however, (8) ______________________ (enjoy) around the world!

3. Complete the text. Use the correct past passive form of the verbs in brackets.A trade fair took place recently in the island of Santa Clara. A brochure ____________________ (publish) by the Government to advertise the Trade Fair, and a very short history of the island ______________________ (include). The island of S. Clara ______________________ (discover) by the Spaniards in the sixteenth century. It ______________________ (colonise) by the English about a hundred years later. Gold _____________________ (soon find) there, and cotton and sugar ____________________ (plant). S. Clara was one of Britain's richest colonies, although it was not very large. The island ______________________ (give) its independence by the British in 1963. Elections ___________________ (hold) and a government ____________________ (form). A short time before independence, large reserves of oil had been discovered both on the island and under the sea, near it. From the beginning, the new country's prosperity had been certain. The oilfields may be some of the largest in the world. Until 1967 the gold and oil of S. Clara ___________________ (exploit) by large international companies. In that year the gold mines and oilfields ______________________ (nationalise) by the government.

4. Complete the gaps with the suitable passive or active verb. Last week, a new school 1__________________ (open) by the Mayor of Croftside. He 2__________________ (give) a tour of the new building by the new headmistress, Mrs Anderson. Mrs Anderson 3__________________ (show) him the large sports hall which can 4__________________ (use) for indoor sports in the future. Then the mayor 5__________________ (interview) by a reporter from the local newspaper. A photographer 6__________________ (take) some photographs of him with Mrs Anderson and later a car 7__________________ (arrive) and the Mayor 8__________________ (take) to his next appointment.

5. Complete the gaps with the suitable passive verb.

Stunts Nowadays, action films are getting more and more spectacular and many special effects 1_______ __________________ (add) to make the action more realistic. It’s impossible to control the weather during filming. As a result, weather effects 2________ _____________________ (often create) for the film. For example, the winter scenes in Young Sherlock Holmes 3__________________ (not film) in winter, but in the middle of summer. The snow 4__________________ (make) from polystyrene! Car chases, high-speed crashes, or falls from high buildings 5__________________ (not play) by the stars themselves – they 6__________________ (do) by stuntmen. In Volcano, stuntmen 7________________________ (set on fire). However, the actors 8________________________ (protect) by several layers of special clothing, so nobody 9________________________ (injure). In the future, many stunts 10________________________ (not need). Most effects 11___________ _________________ (generate) by computer, so action films should be safer and easier to make.

6. Hadrian’s Wall: Fill the gaps with the correct tenses (active or passive voice). In the year 122 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian ___________________ (visit) his provinces in Britain. 2. On his visit, the Roman soldiers ________________ (tell) him that Pictish tribes from Britain’s north _____________________ (attack) them. So Hadrian ____________________ (give) the order to build a protective wall across one of the narrowest parts of the country. After 6 years of hard work, the Wall ____________________ (finish) in 128. It ______________ (be) 117 kilometres long and about 4 metres high. The Wall ________________ (guard) by 15,000 Roman soldiers. Every 8 kilometres there ______________________ (be) a large fort in which up to 1,000 soldiers ______________________ (find) shelter. The soldiers ______________________ (watch) over the frontier to the north and ______________________ (check) the people who ______________________ (want) to enter or leave Roman Britain. In order to pass through the Wall, people ______________________ (must go) to one of the small forts that ______________________ (serve) as gateways. Those forts ______________________ (call) milecastles because the distance from one fort to another ______________________ (be) one Roman mile (about 1,500 metres). Between the milecastles there ______________________ (be) two turrets from which the soldiers ______________________ (guard) the Wall. If the Wall ______________________ (attack) by enemies, the soldiers at the turrets ______________________ (run) to the nearest milecastle for help or ______________________ (light) a fire that ______________________ (can / see) by the soldiers in the milecastle. In 383 Hadrian’s Wall ______________________ (abandon). Today Hadrian’s Wall ______________________ (be) the most popular tourist attraction in northern England. In 1987, it ______________________ (become) a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

7. Complete the text below using the correct form of the verb, active or passive, in brackets ().'Scotch Whisky' - the water of life!The origins of malt whisky distilling in Scotland date back to at least the monks of the 15th century and probably long before. The ancient uisge beatha, which is Gaelic for the Latin aqua vitae or 'water of life', was corrupted in the 18th century to usky, and then to whisky.MaltingBest quality barley ____________________________________ (to soak) in water and then spread out on malting floors to germinate. It _________________________________ (to turn) regularly to prevent the build up of heat. Traditionally, this _______________________________ (to do) by tossing the barley into the air with wooden shovels in a malt barn adjacent to the kiln. During this process enzymes ____________________________________ (to create), which convert the starch into sugar when mashing takes place. After four to five days germination the barley, now called green malt, ____________________________________ (to go) to the kiln for drying. Heat ____________________________________ (to stop) the growth and the smoke, coming from peat added to the fire, gives flavour.MashingThe dried malt _______________________________ (to grind) into coarse flour, which ________________________________ (to mix) with hot water at 67-68 degrees as it pours into the mash tun. The quality of the pure Scottish water is important. The mash ______________________________ (to stir), helping to convert the starches to sugar. After mashing, the sweet sugary liquid ____________________________________ (to know) as wort.FermentationThe liquid __________________________________(to cool ) and pumped into large containers, where the yeast _____________________________ (to add ) and fermentation _______________________________ (to begin ). The living yeast _______________________________(to feed ) on the sugars, producing alcohol. Large volumes of carbon dioxide gas are also produced. After about two days the fermentation _______________________________ ( to die ) down and contains 7-8% alcohol by volume.

Pot StillsIn some mysterious way, the shape of the pot still ____________________________________ (to affect ) the character of the individual malt whisky, and each distillery keeps its stills exactly the same over the years. In distillation the still ____________________________________ (to heat) to 86 degrees c and the alcohol and other compounds vaporize and pass over the neck of the still. Finally the vapour ____________________________________ (to condense) into a liquid.

DistillationThe wash ____________________________________ (to distill ) twice to separate the alcohol from the water, yeast and the residue, which ____________________________________ (to save) for use in animal feeds.

CaskingAll the distillates pass through the spirit safe. The newly distilled colourless spirit ____________________________________ (to fill ) in oak casks, which may ____________________________________ (to use) previously in the maturation process for Scotch whisky, bourbon or sherry.

MaturationWhile maturing, the whisky ____________________________________ (to become ) smoother, gains flavour and draws its golden colour from the cask. By law all Scotch whisky must ____________________________________ (to mature) for at least three years, but most single malts lie in the wood for eight, twelve or even fifteen years. About 2% of the whisky ____________________________________ (to evaporate) from the cask each year, this is known as the angel's share. Unlike wine, whisky does not mature further once bottled.

8. Complete the Resorts Directory page on Katoomba with the correct Present and Past Simple Passive forms. Katoomba 1) __________________ (design) the very best in modern comfort along with a taste of authentic wild Africa. Large traditional family lodges 2)__________ (set) among trees above the grassy banks of the lovely Miria River, where rhinoceroses 3) ________ (see) from time to time, and where you 4)_______ (advise) to watch out for lions at night. Katoomba 5)___________ (open) only three years ago, but it is already one of Northern Africa’s most famous resorts. The site 6)_________ (choose) not just for its natural beauty, but also for its ideal location for a great variety of tours and experiences – from big-game safaris in the Kruger National Park to white water rafting on the Miria River. From the beginning, conference facilities 7)_______ (provide) in order to attract corporate users as well as family holiday makers. The conference centre 8)_________ (hide) away among the gardens and trees, a short walk from the central Reception area.

9. Complete the text below using the correct form of the verb, active or passive, in brackets ().

Santorini is a Greek island in a group which
...................................... (know) as the Cyclades Islands.
Out of a total of 56 islands, only 24 of them
............................................ (inhabit). On Milos,
one of these islands, the famous sculpture, ‘Venus de Milo’
..................................... (discover). Santorini
is very popular with tourists. It ................................ (form) from
a volcano and petrified lava. In Fira, the main tourist centre, many shops
..................................... (open) where local jewellery, pottery and
leather goods .................................. (sell). Travelling north to
the little town of Oia,
the reds and purples of the volcanic lava .........................................
(can/see). The ancient city of Thira
....................................... (locate) in the southeast of the
island. It ....................................... (found) by the Dorians in
the ninth century BCE. The city is in ruins because of a volcanic eruption. Bus
tours ......................................... (organise) by local companies
to all these sites.10. Complete the text below using the correct form of the verb, active or passive, in brackets ().The art of the world is in danger. Many
great works of art .................................. (steal) from galleries,
museums and archaeological sites all over the world. In 1990, 200 million
dollars’ worth of rare paintings ................................ (remove) from
a Boston
museum. These paintings simply ................................. (vanish) and
.............................................. (not/see) since. In
Italy,
for example, art treasures such as icons and
tapestries.................................. (take) by people who visit
churches looking for items that ............................... (steal) easily
because there are no security guards. A collection of German gold and silver
religious objects ........................(find) in Texas recently. An American GI
...........................(loot) them during WWII. Museums and dealers
..................................... (accuse) by the police of helping thieves
because they ................................... (continue) to buy statures and
paintings without documents to show where they came from. A magazine called
Trace ............................................ (establish) four years ago
to track down missing art treasures. Experts ............................
(estimate) that the theft of art treasures stands at six million dollars a
year. It’s big business!