Georgia

Bidzina Ivanishvili

Prime MinisterBidzina Ivanishvili

Details: Georgia’s richest man, with a net worth estimated by Forbes magazine at more than $5 billion. Was elected prime minister in October 2012, straight from the business world.Offshore business:Director of Bosherston Overseas Corp. in the British Virgin Islands (2006). The company is still in existence, according to BVI records.Comment: “For the reporting period of 2011-2012 Prime Minister Ivanishvili had no interest in the company you have mentioned in your inquiry and therefore there was no obligation to report it in his declaration. The Prime Minister takes these reporting requirements seriously and everything is done according to the law,” a spokesman said.

France

Jean-Jacques AugierJean-Jacques Augier

Publisher

Details: Campaign treasurer of François Hollande for the 2012 presidential elections. They studied together at the prestigious National School of Management (ENA). He’s also chief executive officer of investment holding company Eurane SA, mainly focused on the publishing field.

Offshore business: Shareholder — through Eurane SA — and director of International Bookstores Ltd (2005) in the Cayman Islands.

Comment: Jean-Jacques Augier said he used the company to do a large investment in China in 2005. One of his partners in the offshore firm was Xi Shu, a businessman and a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a political advisory body in China dominated by the Communist Party but with representatives from other parties and organizations.

Mongolia

Bayartsogt SangajavBayartsogt Sangajav

Politician

Details: Became his country’s finance minister in September 2008, a position he held until a cabinet reshuffle in August 2012. During those years he attended international meetings and served as a governor of the Asian Development Bank, pushing the case for his poor nation to receive foreign development assistance and investment. He was at the forefront of encouraging foreign mining and other companies to move into Mongolia. He currently serves as deputy speaker of the Mongolian Parliament.

Offshore business: Bayartsogt Sangajav controlled Legend Plus Capital Limited, an offshore company administered from Hong Kong but incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (2008). The documents show the company was used to open a secret Swiss bank account, controlled by Bayartsogt, just months before he was appointed his country’s minister of finance.

Comment: Bayartsogt said the company and the bank account were set up as a syndicate by him and three unnamed business friends to trade in stocks. Both the bank account and the company remain in his name, and he did not declare them to Parliament, something he now describes as a “mistake.” He said he was considering resigning from Parliament over the issue.

Russia

Olga Shuvalova

Wife of Russian Deputy Prime Minister

Detail: Wife of Igor Shuvalov, who has served as first deputy prime minister since 2008.

Offshore business: Shareholder in Severin Enterprises Inc., which was registered in the British Virgin Islands and owned at least two other offshore companies, which in turn owned more companies. The dealings of one of the companies, Sevenkey Ltd., were laid out in a 2011 investigative article in Barron’s, which tied the company to her husband, who has denied wrongdoing.

Comment: Olga Shuvalova did not respond to ICIJ’s requests for comment.

Valery GolubevValery Golubev and Boris Paikin

Gazprom executives

Detail: Golubev is the deputy chair of the management committee of Gazprom, with personal ties to Putin dating back to the 1990s. Paikin is the general director of a Gazprom construction subsidiary called Gazprom Sotsinvest that builds projects such as a $200 million stadium in St. Petersburg and an Olympic ski resort.

Comment: Golubev and Paikin did not respond to ICIJ’s requests for comment.

Thailand

Nalinee TaveesinNalinee Taveesin

International trade representative, former government minister

Details: In 2008, Taveesin was designated as one of four “Mugabe regime cronies” by the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). The OFAC statement read, “Nalinee Taveesin has participated in a number of initiatives on corruption and growth challenges in Africa and Southeast Asia while secretly supporting the kleptocratic practices of one of Africa’s most corrupt regimes.” This statement became a point of controversy in Thailand when Taveesin was appointed minister for the prime minister’s office in January 2012. She strongly denied the allegations, saying thather relationship with Zimbabwean dictator Robert Mugabe and his wife is “strictly social” and that she is a victim of guilt by association.

Offshore business: Taveesin and her brother Anuraj Mishra in 2008 bought a company calledHall Kingston International Limitedthat had recently been incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. They appear in the documents as directors and shareholders. The offshore company was acquired shortly after Taveesin’s first appointment to a political position, as secretary to the commerce minister in 2008. The company does not appear in her 2012 public statement of assets. Though the company still exists, according to records in the BVI, it is unclear whether it had to be publicly declared.

Comment: Taveesin’s secretary Ms. Supavadee responded that “She [Taveesin] strongly affirmed that she had neither known nor heard about this so-called Hall Kingston. The information about her being [a company] shareholder is incorrect,” When asked if it was possible that Taveesin’s brother, Anuraj Mishra, was a shareholder of Hall Kingston International Limited, Supavadee repeated, “She [Taveesin] had no knowledge about the company and none of her family members were involved in the company.”

Adm. Banawit Kengrian

Former Deputy Permanent Secretary of Defense

Background: Kengrian was appointed a member of the National Legislative Council after the military coup in 2006. He resigned as a naval officer in 2007 but was later appointed chairperson of a transportation committee under the National Legislative Council with a mandate to investigate corruption cases within the Ministry of Transportation that had allegedly occurred under the previous government led by Shinawatra.

Offshore business: Kengrian is listed as one of many shareholders in the British Virgin Islands company Vnet Capital International Co., Ltd in 1998.There is no suggestion Kengrian avoided his disclosure responsibilities.

Comment: Kengrian said he had bought a small stake in the company as a personal investment. “I have never gotten involved with company management,” he said. “As far as I understand, the company has changed status. It has merged with another company a while ago. I do not really have the details though.”

Germany

Details: The famous Gunter Sachs is revealed to have had a vast and inscrutable wealth-hiding web, involving nominee directors, shell companies, and law firm trustees, to create multiple layers of secrecy in an already secret world.

Offshore business: Sachs commissioned a private secretary to oversee his business dealings, who travelled to the Cook Islands to create two shell corporations, Triton Ltd. and another company called Tantris Ltd. The companies acted as trustees for five trusts set up between 1994 and 2007 – the Moon Crystal Trust, the Espan Water Trust, the Sequoia Trust, the Triton Trust and the Parkland Oak Trust. Sachs’s vast offshore web has been visualized here.

Comment: Before he died, Sachs asserted he was being persecuted and the investigations stemmed from envy. Swiss fiscal law expert Andreas Kolb says the signing lawyers will face legal consequences over the inventory of Sachs’s estate, “if they can be proven to have participated in or incited to tax fraud”.

Venezuela

José Eliecer Pinto Gutiérrez

Army General

Details: Top commander in the Amazonas state, overseeing security in the Venezuela-Colombia border.

Offshore business: Shareholder, director and secretary of Romana International Holdings, Ltd. (2003-2006) in the British Virgin Islands.

Comment: Pinto Gutiérrez could not be reached for comment. ICIJ verified his connection to the offshore company through his identity card, a copy of which was included in the offshore files.

Myanmar/Burma

Aye Zaw Win

Son-in-law of Burma's former dictator Ne Win

Details: General Ne Win was a military strongman who ruled Burma during three decades, 1962-1988. His family became wealthy through business activities including forestry and fisheries.

Offshore business: Shareholder of Compass Point Finance Limited (1996) and Sky-Link Communications Ltd. (1997) in the British Virgin Islands. The companies were transferred to another offshore service provider, but the records do not provide a date.

Comment: Aye Zaw Win could not be reached for comment despite multiple attempts.

South Africa/Zimbabwe

"Billy" RautenbachMuller Conrad "Billy" Rautenbach

Businessman

Details: Zimbabwean millionaire with close links to the Mugabe regime. The United States blacklisted him saying he has helped organized huge mining projects in Zimbabwe that “benefit a small number of corrupt senior officials.” Rautenbach fled South Africa in 1999 after being accused of fraud. The charges lodged personally against him were dismissed, but a South African company he controlled pleaded guilty to criminal charges and paid a fine of roughly $4 million.

Offshore business: Shareholder of Artemis Group, LTD. (2006) in the British Virgin Islands.

Comment: Rautenbach denies U.S. authorities’ allegations, contending that they made “significant factual and legal errors” in their blacklisting decision, his attorney, Ian Small Smith, said. Smith said Rautenbach’s BVI company was set up as “special purpose vehicle for investment in Moscow” and that it complied with all disclosure regulations. The company is no longer active.

Azerbaijan

Details: Ilham Aliyev is the president of Azerbaijan and Mehriban Aliyeva is his wife. Arzu and Leyla are the couple's daughters. The Aliyev family, beginning with Ilham’s father, Heydar Aliyev, has held power in Azerbaijan almost without interruption since the late 1960s.

Offshore business: Ilham Aliyev and Mehriban Aliyeva were directors of Rosamund International Ltd (2003) in the British Virgin Islands. Arzu Aliyeva was a director and shareholder of BVI company Arbor Investments (2008). Leyla Aliyeva was director and shareholder of LaBelleza Holdings Ltd. (2008) and Harvard Management Ltd. (2008) both in the BVI.

Australia

Paul Hogan

Actor

Details: The Crocodile Dundee star is accusing Philip Egglishaw, his once-trusted tax adviser, of disappearing with $34 million he helped Hogan hide in offshore tax havens. Egglishaw is alleged to have ''absconded with or spent all'' of Hogan's millions.

Offshore business: Carthage Trust was set up for Hogan in 2005 by Egglishaw after the Crime Commission and Tax office began stepping up their inquiries into the actor. Carthage Trust replaced the Quatre Saison Trust which was alleged to have been a vehicle set up by Geneva firm Strachans to enable Hogan to stream revenue from his Crocodile Dundee franchise into offshore accounts and avoid paying tax. Hogan disputes this.

Comment: Hogan's US lawyer Craig Emanuel told Fairfax Media: ''For a variety of ethical reasons, I am not available to comment on your inquiries.''

United States

Denise RichDenise Rich

Songwriter

Details: Ex-wife of the United States’ most famous tax fugitive, Marc Rich, who was controversially pardoned by former President Bill Clinton on Clinton’s last day in office. She is a Grammy-nominated songwriter, having written chart-topping songs for the likes of Sister Sledge and Celine Dion. In 2012, Rich resigned her U.S. citizenship.

Offshore business: Settlor and beneficiary of The Dry Trust (1992) and director of DTD Limited (2007), both in the Cook Islands.

Comment: Denise Rich did not respond to a request for comment.

Indonesia

Eka Tjipta WidjajaEka Tjipta Widjaja

Businessman

Details: Head of Indonesia’s second richest family (2012), owns rainforest-clearing Asia Pulp and Paper and world's second largest palm oil plantations.

Offshore business: Beneficial owner, through his Sinar Mas conglomerate, of various pulp and palm oil British Virgin Islands and Labuan offshore companies.

Comment: Widjaja did not respond to a request for comment.

France

Baron Elie de RothschildBaron Elie de Rothschild

Businessman from the Rothschild banking dynasty

Details: The guardian of French branch of banking dynasty built a web of at least 20 secrecy-cloaked trusts in the South Pacific between 1996 and 2003, some of which continued operating after his death in 1997.

Offshore business: Internal documents reveal at least 20 trusts and 10 holding companies were set up for Rothschild in the Cook Islands, with typically opaque names including, fittingly, Anon Trust. The companies have a common shareholder called Mandalor Limited, an equally opaque company based in the Caribbean country of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

Japan

Marubeni Corp and Tohoku Electric Power Co.

Trading and utility companies

Details: Marubeni Corp., a leading trading house, and utility Tohoku Electric Power Co., used offshore subsidiaries to invest in an overseas energy firm, allowing returns on the investment to be shielded from domestic taxes.

Offshore business: Tohoku Electric established a subsidiary, Tohoku Power Investment Co. (TPIC), in the Netherlands in 2002 to invest 3 billion yen ($32.6 million) in an independent power producer in Millmerran in Queensland, Australia. The utility funneled the sum to an investment arm of Marubeni, which was founded in Labuan Island in Malaysia, also a tax haven, through TPIC.

Comment: While refusing to disclose their investment profits, Tohoku Electric confirmed that an agent had been contracted to operate on financial matters, saying “We concluded the contract in compliance with the law, and it was already in place before we made the investment (in Australia). And we have little knowledge of the background of it." Marubeni Corp declined to comment.

Thailand

Potjaman Na PombejraPotjaman Na Pombejra

Former Thai first lady

Details: Former wife of Thailand’s ousted Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. Potjaman and Shinawatra obtained a high-profile divorce at the Thai consular office in Hong Kong in 2008. Two years later, about $1.4 billion of Shinawatra’s family assets were seized after he was found guilty by the Supreme Court of corruption and abuse of power to benefit his family’s telecommunication company, Shin Corporation, while he was prime minister.

Offshore business: Potjaman Na Pombejra acquired an offshore company called Premium Select Inc. (2007) in the British Virgin Islands, and soon after she was listed as the sole beneficial owner. The company was set up through the service of UBS AG Singapore.

Comment: Marafono passed away on March 27; earlier attempts to reach him for comment were unsuccessful.

Finland

Itella Oyj

State-owned national postal company

Details: In a 2008 move to expand its operations in Russia, the corporation acquired the leading Russian logistics warehousing service provider for around €200 million ($310 million). Its parent company was registered in the British Virgin Islands and still exists there.

Offshore business: Shareholder (since 2008) of NLC International Corporation (incorporated 2005) in the British Virgin Islands.

Comment: The director of Itella Logistics in Russia, Vesa Vertanen, said in an interview with Finnish State Television that Itella would dissolve the company in the BVI by the end of 2013 and transfer it to Cyprus. When asked why Itella had not dissolved its company in the BVI, Mr Vertanen said that it was very complicated to dissolve offshore companies and it takes time, a statement that was countered by the Finnish tax authority.

Canada

Tony MerchantE.F. Anthony “Tony” Merchant

Trial lawyer

Details: A former politician, he is married to Canadian senator Pana Merchant. He has been involved in a number of high-volume class action suits, including a $1.9 billion settlement with the Canadian government on behalf of native groups over abuse of students in residential schools. Merchant has had repeated battles with the Canadian revenue agency over his tax payments. He has also been disciplined by the Law Society for "conduct unbecoming of a member."

Offshore business: Beneficiary (1998-2002), settlor and protector of the Merchant (2000) US Inc Trust (incorporated 1998) in the Cook Islands. His wife, Canadian senator Pana Merchant, is a beneficiary of the trust.

Comment: Anthony and Pana Merchant declined to comment.

Kazakhstan

Mukhtar AblyazovMukhtar Ablyazov

Businessman

Details: Ablyazov stands accused of embezzling up to $5 billion from a state-owned Kazakhstan bank in what British media describe as the biggest fraud in history.

Offshore business: An individual later named in U.K. court documents as a front man for Mukhtar Ablyazov set up 31 companies in 2006 and 2007 in the British Virgin Islands.

Comment: Ablyazov's attorneys in London did not respond to a request for comment. Ablyazov has denied the fraud allegations in the past.

Philippines

Imee MarcosMaria Imelda Marcos Manotoc

Politician

Details: Daughter of former Philippines dictator Ferdinand Marcos and at present governor of the province of Ilocos Norte.

Offshore business: Beneficiary and investment advisor to Sintra Trust (2002) in the British Virgin Islands. She was also a financial advisor for a company in which the Sintra Trust was a shareholder, ComCentre Corporation (2002), and a “master client” for the M Trust in Labuan, Malaysia (2007-2009).

Colombia

Details: Sons of former Colombian president, Alvaro Uribe. During their father’s eight years in office, they were accused of influence-peddling in two high-profile scandals, including in a case in which they acquired land in an area whose value skyrocketed after authorities granted it tax-free status. They were acquitted in both cases but prosecutors have started investigating new leads related to the land acquisitions.

Comment: A lawyer for Tomás and Jerónimo Uribe Moreno, Jaime Lombana, said the company was created with the purpose of selling Colombian handcrafts abroad but the business never took off. The company was incorporated in the BVI because one of the partners in the venture lived there, said Lombana. The firm, he said, “didn’t produce any income.”

Djibouti

Abdourahman "Charles" BorehAbdourahman "Charles" Boreh

Businessman and politician

Details: One of Djibouti's most wealthy and powerful businessmen and a 2011 presidential election candidate. He is exiled in Dubai.

Offshore business: Beneficial owner of Net Support Holdings Ltd (2007) in the British Virgin Islands and Value Additions Ltd (2007) in Samoa

Comment: Boreh said he uses his offshore companies to steer his many investments worldwide and to protect his assets from potential political instability.

Spain

Carmen Thyssen-BornemiszaCarmen Thyssen-Bornemisza

Art collector and philanthropist

Details: Former Miss Spain and widow of a German-Hungarian baron, she’s one of the world’s top art collectors. Her hundreds of works of art ranging from Van Gogh to Goya are exhibited in museums in Madrid, Barcelona and Málaga.

Comment: Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza’s lawyer acknowledged that she gains tax benefits by holding ownership of her art offshore, but stressed that she uses tax havens primarily because they give her “maximum flexibility” when she moves art from country to country.

Ukraine

Dmytro FirtashDmytro Firtash

Businessman

Details: Co-owns RosUkrEnergo, a partnership with Gazprom, the Russian natural gas giant. U.S. law enforcement officials and diplomats have linked him to arms and drug trafficking and to reputed Russian mob boss Semion Mogilevich.

Offshore business: Shareholder and director (since 2007) in Group DF Limited (incorporated in 2006) in the British Virgin Islands, which became a holding company for Firtash’s interests in energy, chemicals and real estate.

Comment: Firtash could not be reached for comment.

Pakistan

Moonis ElahiMoonis Elahi

Legislator

Details: Son of Chaudry Pervez Elahi, who until last month was Pakistan's deputy prime minister. The Chaudry family has had a powerful role in the country’s politics for the past five decades. In 2010, Moonis Elahi was accused of receiving illicit payments as part of an alleged land scam. He was later acquitted amidst what Pakistan's Supreme Court said was intense government interference in the investigation.

Offshore business: Shareholder and director of Olive Groves Assets Ltd. (2006) in the British Virgin Islands.

Comment: Moonis Elahi denied that he owns or controls Olive Grove Assets Ltd. He did not answer whether he had owned the firm in the past. ICIJ verified Elahi’s connection to the firm through the address listed for the politician in the corporate records, which is that of the Chaudry family residence in Lahore.

Saudi Arabia

Details: Sons of one of the richest men in Saudi Arabia and executives in Abdul Latif Jameel Group, one of the world’s largest Toyota dealers, with operations in the Middle East, UK, Central Asia and China.

Offshore business: Directors (2002-2003) of Costa Azzoura Limited (incorporated in 2002) and directors (2004-2009) of Hillbeck Limited (incorporated in 2004) in the British Virgin Islands. Hassan was also shareholder of Hillbeck Limited (since 2004).

Comment: The Director of Business Development at the Abdul Latif Jameel Group, Farooq Vaid, said the Jameel brothers were not related to the offshore companies as directors or shareholders. He acknowledged knowing about the entities but didn't want to confirm any further details. “These are privately held companies and nobody has the right to know,” he told ICIJ. Internal records show Vaid was shareholder of Costa Azzoura Limited and shareholder and director of Hillbeck Limited. He is also related to five more BVI companies — in one case as shareholder and in the other four cases as director. The Abdul Latif Jameel Group address in Jeddah is mentioned in most of the company records obtained by ICIJ.

Malaysia

Mirzan Bin Mahathir

Mirzan Bin Mahathir

Businessman

Details: Son of Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, the longest-serving prime minister of Malaysia (1981-2003), who modernized the country under an autocratic rule. Mahathir Mohamad was accused of abusing his extensive political powers to enrich his family and key business associates. Mirzan is a prominent entrepreneur, with directorships in various companies in Malaysia and internationally.

Background: Prior to his senatorship, Raja Nong Chik was a corporate figure who founded and managed an engineering firm for 20 years.

Offshore business: Raja Nong Chik is shareholder and director of RZA International Corporation, a British Virgin Islands entity incorporated on Aug 21, 2007, through Singapore. The company is a mirror of Malaysian entity Kumpulan RZA Sdn Bhd, a 1979-founded company dealing in real estate and equities investment. He set up the offshore entity with his father, Raja Zainal Abidin Raja Tachik, a number of his sisters and brothers as well as other family members. Most of them are also shareholders and directors of Kumpulan RZA Sdn Bhd.

Comment: Contacted by Malaysiakini, the minister confirmed that RZA International was set up by his father, who will turn 96 this year, “for the purpose of holding legitimate offshore investments for the family.” However, the minister did not elaborate on the offshore investments made by his family through the company. He added that RZA International was de-registered in 2009. “The company was not used to obscure activities of Kumpulan RZA Sdn Bhd, and neither was it used to circumvent taxes or hide transactions overseas,” Raja Nong Chik said in an email to Malaysiakini.

Chia Tien Foh (Michael Chia)

Business tycoon

Background: Chia is a prominent Malaysian businessman and the alleged ‘“bagman'” for Musa Aman, the chief minister and financl minister of the state of Sabah.Offshore business: Chia has three offshore companies in which he is listed as either as director or shareholder. One of them was CTF International Ltd, with ‘“CTF'” seen as the initials of Chia’s full name. It was incorporated on April 18, 20067, in the British Virgin Islands. CTF International gained notoriety when it was named by whistleblower website Sarawak Report of being a conduit in channelling millions of ringgit to a Hong Kong account allegedly linked to Musa, who has denied links to Chia. CTF was de-registered in 2008. The other two offshore companies owned by Chia are Ravenswood Development Ltd and Ark Capital Technologies Ltd. In addition, Chia’s wife Yap Loo Mien and another woman, who is alleged to be his mistress, Yap Siaw Lin, also appear on the list as key shareholders in three separate British Virgin Islands entities.

Comment:Malaysiakini contacted Chia through the address stated in his company registration documents for comments, but there has been no response.

Italy

Fabio GhioniFabio Ghioni

Hacker

Details: Former head of information security at Telecom Italia, arrested in 2007 for leading a unit that illegally obtained data of 4,000 people, including politicians and journalists. In 2012 the Supreme Court of Cassation confirmed his 2010 plea bargain and his sentence of 3 years and 4 months in prison.

Comment: Fabio Ghioni denied being the owner of Constant Surge Invesments Ltd. “The BVI? I don't know where they are located!" he said on the phone. ICIJ verified Ghioni’s connection to the BVI firm through the address he used upon incorporation of the company which is that of his personal residence in Milan. The corporate files also include annotations describing Ghioni’s occupation at the time.

Brazil

Clarice, Leo and Fabio Steinbruch

Businessmen

Details: Members of one of Brazil's richest families, which owns large steel and textile companies and a bank.

Offshore business: Shareholders and directors of Peak Management Inc. (2007) in the British Virgin Islands.

Comment: Leo Steinbruch told ICIJ that “Peak Management exists, is active, it’s been declared on its owners’ tax forms and has been duly disclosed to the Brazilian Central Bank as a Brazilian investment abroad.”

India

Ravikant RuiaRavikant Ruia

Businessman

Details: In December 2011, he was accused of criminal conspiracy by India's principal anti-corruption enforcement agency, the Central Bureau of Investigation. The accusation relates to a broader investigation of politicians, government officials and telecom executives in India for alleged irregularities in the award of cell phone frequencies to telephone companies. Ruia’s firm is disputing the charges made against him and others.

Offshore business: Shareholder in one firm in the British Virgin Islands, Orion Worldwide Universal Corporation (2008). His daughter, Smiti, is a shareholder in two others. One of Ruia's flagship companies, Essar Power, has further BVI entities that are named in the ICIJ documents.

Comment: A company spokesman said that of the eight companies registered in Ruia’s name as well as in the name of his flagship business Essar Power, five have since been liquidated. Three continue to be operational. “These companies were started as SPVs [Special Purpose Vehicles] to make investments and are in the knowledge of the authorities concerned,” the spokesman added.

Mexico

Dionisio Garza MedinaDionisio Garza Medina

Businessman

Details: His family co-owns Alfa, a conglomerate with interests in oil, food and telecommunications.

Comment: Garza Medina did not respond to a request for comment. A spokesman for Alfa, of which Garza Medina was CEO until 2010, declined to answer questions saying this is a “private matter of Mr. Garza not related to Alfa.”

Greece

Apostolos VakakisApostolos Vakakis

Businessman

Details: CEO of the retail conglomerate Jumbo SA, one of Greece’s largest companies.

Offshore business: Shareholder of Karpathia Ltd. (2007) in the British Virgin Islands. Company transferred to another offshore service provider in 2009.

Comment: “I have declared officially all without exception my transactions that should be announced in public, as provided by relevant Greek legislation. … One does not use a legal entity in order to hide the identity of the beneficial owner by using shadow names but to be able to complete a transaction in a straightforward manner,” said Vakakis.

Jordan

The Shoman familySuha, Omar and Aysha Shoman

Widow and children of one of Jordan’s richest families

Details: The family’s father, Khalid Shoman, was — until his death in 2001 — vice-chairman of the Arab Bank Group, one of the main banks in the Arab world, founded by his father. Omar sold their share of the bank for about $375 million in 2003.

Offshore business: Omar and Aysha are shareholders — jointly or on their own — of 12 companies in the British Virgin Islands, including OS Investments Inc. (2002), OAKS Inc. (2003), Fisch Investments Inc. (2005) and OS Tech Inc. (2006). Their mother is connected with two of the firms as a shareholder and one as a director. Most entities were transferred to another offshore service provider between 2007 and 2009.

Comment: Omar Shoman didn’t reply to requests to comment through his assistant and email. The ICIJ could not locate Aysha Shoman and could not reach Suha Shoman on the phone despite several attempts.

Tanzania

Mehbub Yusufali ManjiMehbub Yusufali Manji

Businessman

Details: The Manji family is one of the richest in Tanzania. It started Quality Group Limited, the country’s major conglomerate with interests ranging from automotive to food processing.

Offshore business: Director and shareholder of Intertrade Commercial Services Inc. (2007-2009) in the British Virgin Islands.

Comment: Yusuf Manji, chairman and CEO of the company, did not reply to ICIJ’s emailed request for comment. The contact address in the records is that of the company in Dar-Es-Salaam.