A congenital cataract is a lens that is opaque at birth. The exact cause of congenital cataract is unknown in most cases. But the number of incidents is low in developed countries. Of those, about half of the cases are inherited and may likely be due to a genetic predisposition toward underlying disorders. In undeveloped countries, the cause of congenital cataract has been linked to congenital rubella syndrome as it is passed from mother to newborn. A congenital cataract has been known to impair vision, but can be successfully treated.

Congenital DeafnessCongenital deafness refers to hearing loss which is believed to have been present since birth.1 This is distinct from progressive impairment which is a problem noticed at birth but which worsens with time. Late onset impairment is when the hearing loss manifests itself postnatally but with no identifiable exogenous cause.

Anal AtresiaThe anus is either not present or it is in the wrong place.

Infantile Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus[1] (pronounced /ˌhaɪdrɵˈsɛfələs/), also known as "Water on the Brain", is a medical condition. People with hydrocephalus have an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles, or cavities, of the brain. This may cause increased intracranial pressure inside the skull and progressive enlargement of the head, convulsion, and mental disability. Hydrocephalus can also cause death.

Atrial Septal Defect

An atrial septal defect (ASD) — sometimes referred to as a hole in the heart — is a type of congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal opening in the dividing wall between the upper filling chambers of the heart (the atria). In most cases ASDs are diagnosed and treated successfully with few or no complications.

Ventricular Septal DefectVentricular septal defect is a hole in the wall between the right and left ventricles of the heart. This abnormality usually develops before birth and is found most often in infants.

Congenital Diaphragmatic"Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia" or CDH. Congenital means "born with" and a hernia is a problem where something goes through a hole it is not supposed to. The hole is in your baby's diaphragm. The diaphragm is a muscle that helps us to breathe and keeps the organs in the abdomen from going into the chest cavity

Tetralogy of FallotTetralogy of Fallot is the most common heart defect in children. The condition causes mixing of oxygen-poor blood with the oxygen-rich blood being pumped out of the heart and into the circulatory system of blood vessels.

Transposition of great vesselsIn this situation, the pulmonary arteries are supplied by the left ventricle, and the aorta by the right ventricle. This, of course, is the opposite of the normal arrangement. Infants can only survive if there is a shunt between the two sides of the heart, and an atrial septal defect needs to be actually enlarged to allow adequate mixing of blood to deliver enough oxygenated blood to the body. Significant advances have been made in the surgical treatment of this disorder.

Truncus arteriosusTruncus arteriosus is characterized by a large ventricular septal defect over which a large, single great vessel (truncus) arises. It occurs when the two large arteries carrying blood away from the heart don’t form properly and one large artery is present instead. This single great vessel carries blood both to the body and to the lungs. This artery (the truncus) sits over a large opening or hole in the wall between the two pumping chambers (ventricular septal defect).