The new provisions came into effect on 8 June 2016 although it will take some time for them to show up in the legislation.

Drug offences in the NT under the Act means that you could be charged for possessing, administering, supplying or manufacturing a prohibited drug. The drugs which are prohibited in the NT are listed in the schedules to the Misuse of Drugs Act.

Sniffing or inhaling volatile substances

It is not against the law in the NT to sniff or inhale volatile substances. But it is against the law to supply a volatile substance to someone else if you know they intend to sniff or inhale it.

Under the Volatile Substance Abuse Prevention Act police officers, parents and doctors can apply to the Chief Health Officer for a treatment order for a child or adult who is misusing volatile substances.

A volatile substance includes the following:

Petrol or other engine fuel;

Lighter fluid (butane gas);

Spray and aerosol paints;

Glue or white-out (correction fluid);

Aerosol deodorants.

If the police think you have been using a volatile substance, they may do one or more of the following:

Throw out the substance you have been using;

Search you;

Put you in protective custody; or

Take you to a place they believe you will be safe or if you are under 18, to a responsible adult.

Possession

It is an offence to be in possession of any illegal drugs.

Possession means having actual control of the drugs and includes:

Having the drugs with you, such as in your pockets;

Having the drugs in your home or car; and

Someone is looking after the drugs for you.

You will not be guilty of a drug possession offence if you can demonstrate that you had no knowledge of the drugs. You must also show that there was no reason for you to believe that they were there.

If police find you with a combination of legal and illegal drugs, the quantity of the drugs for which you will be charged is calculated as if the entire mixture was the illegal drug.

The penalties for possession vary from fines up to life imprisonment depending on the type of drug you have in your possession and how much of it you have.

For possession of a commercial quantity of drug, the maximum penalty ranges from 14 to 25 years’ imprisonment.

For drugs that are in a ‘traffickable quantity,’ the penalty is 500 penalty units or imprisonment for five to seven years. If the offence was committed in a public place, the penalty ranges from seven to 14 years’ imprisonment.

For offences where the amount of drugs possessed were less than a traffickable quantity, the maximum penalty ranges from 50 penalty units to 200 penalty units or two years’ imprisonment. If the offence was committed in a public place, the penalty ranges from 200 penalty units or two years’ imprisonment to 500 penalty units or five years’ imprisonment.

Administering

Drug offences in the NT include administering prohibited substances. Administering includes smoking, inhaling, injecting or swallowing an illegal drug.

It is an offence to possess anything to administer drugs except for a syringe. Implements used for administering drugs which are prohibited include bongs and crack-pipes.

It is also an offence to let someone administer drugs to you, such as by injecting them or putting them in your mouth.

If you are convicted of one of these offences, you could face a maximum fine of 50 penalty units or six months in jail.

Prior to the May 2016 legislation amendments, fines were 17 penalty units but the jail sentence was more severe (two years’ imprisonment).

Cultivating

Cultivating is the gardening someone does to grow illegal plants, such as opium poppies or marijuana. Cultivating also includes gathering wild mushrooms.

It is also an offence to commit the following:

Help someone else to grow illegal plants;

Provide cash for someone to grow illegal plants; and

Let someone grow drugs on your property.

The maximum penalties for cultivation vary based on the number of prohibited plants found.

For a commercial quantity of the plant, the maximum penalty is 25 years in prison.

For a traffickable quantity of the plant, the maximum penalty is seven years in prison.

For less than the traffickable quantity, the penalty is a fine of 200 penalty units or two years’ imprisonment.

For cultivation of a commercial quantity in the presence of a child, the maximum penalty is life imprisonment. For a traffickable quantity cultivated in the presence of a child, the maximum penalty is 10 years’ imprisonment.

Manufacture and production

Manufacturing is the production of the drugs and also includes other steps in the manufacture and supply chain. Such as dividing the drugs into measured doses or putting the drugs into packets or bags. The maximum penalties vary depending on the quantity of drug manufactured

As of 8 June 2016 the maximum penalties for manufacturing drugs in NT are as follows:

For manufacture of a commercial quantity of a dangerous drug, the penalty ranges from 25 years to life in prison;

For manufacture of less than a commercial quantity, the penalty ranges from 14 to 25 years’ imprisonment.

The penalty ranges from 25 years to life in prison if the manufacture occurs in the presence of a child, regardless of the quantity.

Precursors are items or ingredients used to make illegal drugs. It is illegal to possess any of the following without a lawful excuse:

Ingredients used in the manufacture of a prohibited drug;

Recipes or instructions for making an illegal drug; and

Equipment used for the manufacture of an illegal drug.

It is also illegal to supply a precursor to someone else.

If you are found guilty of a precursor offence, you are liable to a maximum penalty of between seven and 10 years in prison.

Supply and trafficking

For drug offences in the NT, supply includes any of the following:

Administering;

Giving;

Selling;

Distributing;

Transporting;

Financing; and

Providing premises for selling or dealing illegal drugs to others.

Even if you do not actually end up doing any of the above, offering to do any of the above is considered supply.

It is an offence to supply illegal drugs or to in any way participate in supplying them. The offence applies regardless of whether a payment is made.

If there are drugs in your possession and they are over a certain weight, it may be assumed that you intend to sell them to someone else. This is known as deemed supply of a traffickable quantity of drugs. To escape conviction, you will have to prove that you had no intent to sell them.

The maximum penalties for supply depend upon the quantity and type of the drug. The penalties range from a fine of up to 500 penalty units and up to life imprisonment.

Higher penalties apply if you supply drugs to children or to those in an indigenous community. Since 8 June 2016, selling a commercial quantity of drugs to a child carries a maximum penalty of 25 years to life imprisonment. for a non-commercial quantity, the maximum ranges from 14 years to life imprisonment.

Selling less than a commercial quantity in an indigenous community carries a maximum penalty of nine years’ imprisonment.

New Drug Offences in the NT

On 8 June 2016, several new drug offences were introduced into the NT. These new offences include:

The aggravated offence of manufacturing or cultivating a dangerous drug in the presence of a child;

The aggravated offence of procuring a child under the age of 14 to commit a drug offence. The maximum penalty is life imprisonment;

The aggravated offence of possessing a firearm, ammunition or weapons while committing a drug offence. This means that the court must impose a minimum term of imprisonment, except in very limited circumstances;

Supplying and displaying drug paraphernalia. This new offence attracts a maximum penalty of between 100 and 200 penalty units or one to two years in prison; and

Theft of a dangerous drug. This new offence attracts a maximum penalty of between seven and 14 years in prison.

Those convicted of drug offences in the NT where children are involved must now serve 70% of their prison sentence as a minimum.