Malang

Colleges and UniversitiesUniversity of Brawijaya, State University of Malang

Map of Malang

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Malang is the second largest city in Jawa Timur (East Java), Indonesia. It has a history dating back to the age of Singhasari Kingdom. As the second most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 887,443 people in the city. Its built-up (metro) area was home to 2,795,209 inhabitants spread on 2 cities and 22 districts (21 in Malang Regency and 1 in Pasuruan Regency).

The city is well known for its mild climate. During the period of Dutch colonization, it was a popular destination for European residents. Until now, Malang still holds its position a popular destination for international tourists.

In 1997, Malang was spared many of the effects of the Asian financial crisis, and since that time it has been marked by steady economic and population growth.

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Parachuting at gunung banyak malang in indonesia

Etymology

The etymology of the name Malang is uncertain. One of the theory said that the name Malang is derived from the words Malangkuçeçwara which means "God has destroyed the false and enforced the right". The words was taken from an ancient term which mention a legendary temple called Malangkuçeçwara supposedly located near the city Malang. The word Malangkuçeçwara was applied as the motto of the city of Malang.

History

The history of Malang Regency could be revealed through the Dinoyo inscription 760 AD as the primary official document to support the birth of Malang before a new inscription was discovered in 1986, which is yet to be deciphered. According to the inscription, it was concluded that the 8th century was the beginning of the existence of Malang Regency's government due to the birth of King Gajayana's ruling of his Indianized Hindu kingdom in Malang. From the Dinoyo inscriptions, it is noted that the inscription used the "Candra Sengkala" or Cronogram Calendar, and stated that the birth date of Malang Regency was on Jum'at Legi (sweet Friday) of 28 November 760 AD.

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The city was capital city of Singhasari in 1222, then transferred to Dutch colony. Malang was modernized under the Dutch; its mild climate which results from its elevation, along with its proximity to the major port of Surabaya, made it a popular destination for the Dutch and other Europeans. In 1879, Malang was connected to Java's railroad network, further increasing development and leading to increased industrialization.

Along with growth came urbanization. The government could not satisfy the population’s needs for affordable housing, which led to the building of shanty towns along the rivers and rail tracks. Today, the shanty towns still exist; although some have been transformed into “better” housing.

Geography

Malang has a total area of 252.136 km2. Malang City is an enclave located within Malang Regency. Brantas River flows through the city, as well as Amprong and Metro Rivers.

Malang is served by the Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport, a domestic airport with flights to Jakarta and Bali. Connection to another city will be available in the near future.

The popular active volcano Mount Bromo is about 25 km (16 miles) east of the city, and in November 2010, the airport was closed for nearly a week due to airborne ash from an eruption.

Climate

The Climate in Malang city features tropical monsoon climate (Am) as the climate precipitation throughout the year is greatly influenced by the monsoon. The driest month is August with precipitation total 26 mm, while the wettest month is January with precipitation total 334 mm. The temperature is moderated by the altitude, as the city is located at 476 m above sea level. The hottest month is October and November with average 24.3 °C, while the coolest month is July with average 22.4 °C.

This is the climate data of Malang in 2014 to 2016.

Source: climatevo.com

Administration

The city of Malang is divided into five districts (kecamatan), tabulated below with their 2010 Census population:

Demographics

Malang municipality has a population of over 800 thousand, with around 2 million clustering in the Malang Valley, making it the province's second most populous city. However, the population growth is not very high, at roughly 1 percent a year.

Ethnic backgrounds

The racial makeup of the city is mainly of Javanese, with a small percentage of Madurese, Chinese and Arab descent.

Religion

Though formerly an Indianized majority Hindu-Buddhist kingdom till 14th century like most of Java, now a large majority of Malang residents are Muslims; there are small minorities of Catholics, Protestants, Hindus, Buddhists and Confucians. Many buildings of worship still stand from their construction in the colonial era. For example, City of Malang Grand Mosque (Masjid Agung Jami Kota Malang — مسجد ملانغ الكبير) in Malang City Square (Alun-alun Kota Malang); Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus (Gereja Katolik Hati Kudus Yesus) in Kayutangan; Saint Mary from Mount Carmel Cathedral (Gereja Ijen or Katedral Santa Maria dari Gunung Karmel) in Ijen Street, which is the seat for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malang; The Immanuel Protestant Church in Alun-alun; and Eng An Kiong Confucian Temple (Klenteng Eng An Kiong — 永安宮廟) in Jl. Laksamana Martadinata No. 1 Malang. Malang is also famous for being the center of religious education, this is evident with the existence of many Islamic schools (madrasahs and pesantren) and Christian bible seminaries. Malang also has a convent, among other Carmel Monastery, Ursuline Convent, Misericordia monastery, Monastery of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Brothers, Convent of the Sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Monastery Mission Congregatio Brother, Brother Abbey Projo, Passionist Monastery, and several other monasteries.

Language

Arekan dialect of Javanese language is the day-to-day language used by Malang people. Like Surabaya, Malang citizens adopt an egalitarian form of Javanese. As it becomes the educational city, there are many languages from outside Java spoken in Malang.

Many of the native Malang youths adopt a dialect that is called 'Boso Walikan', it is simply done by reversing the pronunciation of the words, an example of this is by pronouncing “Malang” as “Ngalam” instead.

Art and culture

As a center of tourism, Malang has various places of interest which can be classified into local, regional, national and international standards, including traditional dance performances such as Tari Topeng (Mask Dance), Jaranan Pegon (Divine Horse Dance), Tari Beskalan (Beskalan Dance), etc. There are also 'Topeng' or mask handicraft at the villages of Jabung and Kedungmonggo which have become a familiar landmark in Malang Regency.

Football is also considered as a second religion in Malang. The city is a home for Arema FC, a popular football club in Indonesia which is also known in the AFC for its internationally acclaimed achievements.

Malang is also home to a thriving transgender (waria) community headed by Miss Waria Indonesia 2006, Merlyn Sopjan.

Non-residents

Temporary residents to Malang are mostly for educational reasons. They come from other islands mostly from East and Central Indonesia, which includes Bali, Madura, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Papua, and Maluku. But there are also a majority of students which originated from Jakarta, West Java, Sumatra and Borneo.

Education

Malang has a strong reputation throughout Indonesia as a center for higher education and learning. The following higher education institutions are located in the city:

Malang also has two elementary schools, high schools and two international schools, Wesley International School and Bina Bangsa School Malang.

Road

Malang is located in Indonesian National Route 23, which connects it to Gempol and Kepanjen. Malang has a large intercity bus terminal, Arjosari, located in Blimbing, North Malang. The primary means of public transportation is by microvans (most of them are Suzuki Carry) and painted blue for legal public use. Those microvans are called Angkot both officially and casually (from Angkutan = transportation and Kota = city) but some locals prefer to call it by the name Mikrolet. They serve certain routes throughout the city, operated privately and cheap, around IDR 4,000 each boardings, but these public transports are not usually known for being comfortable, due to the fact that many people use them. Thus, mostly leading to a cramped condition inside the Angkot.

Since 2016, mobile transport applications such as GO-JEK and Uber has been officially operated in Malang.

Railway

The largest train station in Malang is Malang Station, located in Klojen, Central Malang. It is near Malang City Hall and some other governmental and primary public services. The station is frequently called as the "Malang Kota Baru Station" to distinguish it from Kotalama Station which is located in Sukun, South Malang. There is also a small train station, Blimbing located in Blimbing, North Malang which is strategically located near five and four-star hotels and the city's business and commercial district.

To ease commuters from Yogyakarta to Malang vice versa, on May 20, 2012 Malioboro Express (Moleks) has been operated.

Previously, there was a tram system in Malang, but now it is defunct.

Air

Malang is served by Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport, located in the outskirts, northeast area of Malang. This airport can be accessed by taxis and travel cabs.

Sport

Arema FC is the city's most widely supported football team and plays in the Indonesian top league, the GO-JEK Traveloka Liga Satu. Its home is Kanjuruhan Stadium, located in Kepanjen, Malang Regency. Arema FC has a loyal and large fanbase, those fans are called Aremania. There is also another football club, it goes by the name, Persema Malang, now defunct.

Malang also has a stadium in Klojen, Central Malang, it is known officially as Gajayana Stadium. Currently it is mostly used for major city events and athletics using its running track. There is also a swimming pool, tennis, basketball, badminton and weightlifting facilities near the stadium area as Central Sports Center. Another large sports center which goes by the name Rampal Sports Center is located near a military base in Kedungkandang, East Malang.

The city is also home to the professional basketball team Bimasakti Nikko Steel Malang, which plays in the Indonesian Basketball League.

Healthcare

Health facilities in Malang:

Puskesmas (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat)

Puskesmas is health facilities that provided by government, rates of health services in health centers arranged in a regional regulation on public services retribution by Regulation of Malang Number 1 Year 2011 About General Services, nowadays Puskesmas can also give free services if citizens have the official government healthcare insurance (BPJS).

Sidoarjo mud flow

On 28 May 2006, a blow-out occurred during a drilling for an exploration of natural gas. The blow-out initially produced 5000 m³ of mud flow per day. 18 months after the incident, the mud flow is estimated to be 80,000 m³ to 100,000 m³ per day. This ongoing mud flow has forced the closure of the Porong-Gempol toll road in East Java, which effectively cut off the transport line from Surabaya to Malang.

Mid 2015, a new highway — Gempol-Pandaan toll road, has been finalized and officially opened for public as a toll road to ease transports from Malang to Surabaya and Pasuruan to Surabaya, vice versa.