which member of the Bacillus family produces hemolysis on horse and sheep blood agar?

Bacillus cereus

Can Bacillus cereus utilize mannitol?

NO

what temperature should food be cooked at to get rid of Bacillus cereus?

160 degrees

If Bacillus cereus is found in an immunocompromised patient what is most likely going to happen? how do you treat it?

can turn into a bacteremia
treat with gentamycin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, or clindamycin

what do you do to treat a patient that is infected with Bacillus cereus and is not immunocompromised?

NOTHING
the illness is usually self limiting

what are the Clostridium bacteria responsible for causing disease in?

Botulism
Tetanus
Gas Gangrene
Pseudomembranous colitis

which species of Clostridium is responsible for production of botulism toxin?

C. botulinum

true or false
botulism is a food borne intoxication rather than an infection

TRUE

What type of respiration does Clostridium Botulinum use?

strict anaerobe

True or Fasle
Botulinum toxin is the most potent toxic known

TRUE

what is the pH range that C. botulinum can be found in?

7-7.3 for growth initiation and toxin production

describe the transmission of C. botulinum

released only upon autolysis of cell
absorbed in small intestine

how does C. botulinum intoxicate the host?

intoxication is associated with disturbances of the PNS function
Toxins specifically acts at the neuromuscular junction to produce complete paralysis of cholinergic nerve fibers at the point of ACh release
-blocks stimulation by excitatory transmission
Death occurs due to paralysis of respiratory organs
Patient may experience diplopia or dysphagia

what is the pathogen associated with antibiotic associated pseufomembranous colitis?

Clostridium difficile

what does Clostridium difficile cause? how?

Pseudomembranous colitis
when a patient has been given other antibiotics they kill off the normal flora anaerobes and this allows C. difficile to grow at high numbers because it is usually suppressed with all the other bacteria growing. When it grows in high numbers it produces exotoxins

How do you treat a patient with C. difficile?

Vancomycin because most of the time C. diff is resistant to other antibiotics

what type of toxin does C. difficile produce?

heat labile enterotoxins A and B which damage epithelial lining the bowel

how is C. difficile transmitted?

it is an opportunistic pathogen that is the normal floral of the gut

How would you clinically diagnose a C. difficile infection?

Toxin in feces by immunoassay or tissue culture cytotoxicity culture

true or false
Pseudomembranous colitis can be rapidly fatal especially in a compromised host