Emerging evidence indicates that exercise training can provide significant protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this brief review, we provide a synthesis of current literature in the field and summarize the findings to date. Our intent is to identify the unique elements of cardioprotection acquired by exercise, and to illustrate ...

One of the strategies for enlarging coagulation zone dimensions during RF ablation of liver tumours is to infuse saline solutions into the tissue during ablation. The aim of this study was to evaluate experimentally whether the creation of a small coagulation adjacent to a bipolar RF applicator and prior to ...

Downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are shown to be involved in age-dependent impairment of angiogenesis. In this study, we explore whether prior exercise is able to affect these molecular patterns favorably and to enhance neoangiogenesis in old Wistar rats with hind-limb ischemia. At ...

We have recently demonstrated that high intensity training exercise exacerbates brain damage, while a moderate intensity (2 weeks of 20 min/day of treadmill training) reduces the injury caused by in vitro ischemia, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), to hippocampal slices from Wistar rats. In the present paper, the effect of ...

Zhu Xuehai X Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, - - 2007

The current study aims to characterize the alterations of in vivo tissue redox status, oxygenation, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and their effects on the postischemic heart. Mouse heart was subjected to 30 min LAD occlusion, followed by 60 min reperfusion. In vivo myocardial redox status and oxygenation were ...

C-reactive protein (CRP) increases following an acute stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), but the increment level varies among patients. We analyzed CRP concentrations during an acute stroke/TIA in relation to the CRP gene -717A>G polymorphism. Six months following an acute ischemic stroke/TIA, basal concentrations of CRP were measured in 507 controls ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether uncoupling of gap junctions (GJ) prior to ischaemia would modify the antiarrhythmic effect of ischaemic preconditioning (PC) in a canine model of ischaemia/reperfusion. METHODS: Twenty control dogs, anaesthetised with chloralose and urethane, were thoracotomised and subjected either to a 25 ...

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease. Muscular exercise is a countermeasure to protect against IR-induced cardiac injury in both young and old animals. Specifically, regular bouts of endurance exercise protect the heart against all levels of IR-induced injury. ...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathologic event in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, and protection of mitochondrial function is a potential mechanism underlying ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Acknowledging the role of nitric oxide (NO()) in IPC, it was hypothesized that mitochondrial protein S-nitrosation may be a cardioprotective mechanism. The reagent S-nitroso-2-mercaptopropionyl-glycine (SNO-MPG) ...

BACKGROUND: Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is an emerging marker of ischemia. To investigate the applicability of IMA for the diagnosis of skeletal muscle ischemia, we examined IMA changes as measured by the albumin-cobalt binding test, in a group of healthy volunteers after standardized exercise-induced calf muscle ischemia. METHODS: A total of ...

: We have recently demonstrated that oral intake of glycine propionyl-L-carnitine (GPLC) increases plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx), a surrogate measure of nitric oxide production. However, these findings were observed at rest, and in previously sedentary subjects. In the present study, we sought to determine the impact of oral GPLC on plasma ...

AIMS: The aim was to compare the effect of revascularization to conservative treatment in patients with residual silent and with residual symptomatic ischemia following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study was a subanalysis of the DANAMI (DANish AMI) randomized study of invasive vs. conservative treatment in patients with inducible ischemia ...

This exercise for students will allow them to simultaneously observe lipid peroxidation and consequent hemolysis of rat erythrocytes and the effect of sodium azide, a catalase inhibitor, on these processes. It will also demonstrate a protective action of antioxidants, the therapeutically used N-acetylcysteine and albumins present in plasma.

In addition to morphological changes, global cerebral ischemia leads to functional changes that can be assessed by behavioral examination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the duration of global cerebral ischemia on the time course of a comprehensive set of motor behaviors in Mongolian gerbils. ...

BACKGROUND: Reperfusion injury is a perplexing cause of early graft failure after lung transplantation and today we know that reperfusion may be more harmful to tissues than the preceding ischemia. We hypothesized that administration of the nitric oxide donor nitroglycerin (NTG) during flush perfusion and reperfusion periods would ameliorate reperfusion-induced ...

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of physical preconditioning in the responsiveness of rat pulmonary rings submitted to lung ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Sedentary sham-operated (SD/SHAM); sedentary submitted to ischemia/reperfusion (SD/IR) and trained submitted to ischemia/reperfusion (TR/IR) animals. Exercise training consisted ...

Cycles of ischemia-reperfusion are ubiquitous in clinical cardiology. Depending on the duration and intensity of the ischemic episode as well as its repetition mode, several pathophysiologic syndromes have been identified, such as myocardial stunning, hibernation, and preconditioning. It remains a difficult exercise to distinguish ischemic from reperfusion damage. Production of ...

The mediators of acute exercise-induced preconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion injury are not understood. This study assesses the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a reported mediator of other forms of preconditioning. Male Fischer 344 rats were divided into five groups (n = 6-7): sedentary (Sed); exercised 2 days on a treadmill ...

Myocardial injury is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease. Regular exercise has been confirmed as a pragmatic countermeasure to protect against cardiac injury. Specifically, endurance exercise has been proven to provide cardioprotection against cardiac insults in both young and old animals. Proposed mechanisms ...

This study was performed to evaluate the alterations of glomerular filtration barrier characteristics following acute renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Ischemia was induced in anesthetized rats by unilateral renal artery occlusion for either 20 or 60 min, followed by reperfusion during 20 or 60 min, respectively, with the contralateral kidney serving as ...

OBJECTIVES: Exercise-induced QT/RR hysteresis exists when, for a given R-R interval, the QT interval duration is shorter during recovery after exercise than during exercise. We sought to assess the association between QT/RR hysteresis and imaging evidence of myocardial ischemia. BACKGROUND: Because ischemia induces cellular disturbances known to decrease membrane action ...

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), which is obtained by exposure to brief periods of vascular occlusion, improves organ tolerance to prolonged ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the threshold level of NF-kB activation in small intestine during an IPC procedure. Various intestinal IPC were performed on 20 Wistar rats ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether hydrocele has any effect on the volume and shape of the ipsilateral testis and can be implicated as a cause of testicular ischemia. METHODS: Group 1 consisted of 23 patients with unilateral idiopathic hydrocele, whereas 30 healthy men constituted group ...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether human essential arterial hypertension (EHT) is associated with modification of the skin blood flowmotion (SBF), which could be a sign of skin microcirculatory impairment. Forearm skin perfusion was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in conventional perfusion units (PU) before and ...

Single mouse cardiomyocytes were exposed to defined ischemia. We designed chambers on glass chips with a volume of 192 pL (picochambers). After a picochamber was loaded with a single cardiomyocyte, P(O2) in the picochamber was equilibrated with that in the headspace, where it was controlled in the critical range between ...

It has been shown that global anoxia leads to dramatic changes in the diffusion properties of the extracellular space (ECS). In this study, we investigated how changes in ECS volume and geometry in the rat somatosensory cortex during and after transient hypoxia/ischemia correlate with extracellular concentrations of energy-related metabolites and ...

Animal studies have shown that, as compared with unrestricted reperfusion, exposure to brief periods of controlled ischemia (postconditioning) at the end of a prolonged ischemia reduces the extent of tissue damage. We set out to test whether postconditioning can prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by ischemia and reperfusion in a human ...

The peroxynitrite-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and subsequent cleavage of troponin I (TnI) in ventricular myocytes is a detrimental effect of ischemia/reperfusion injury. We hypothesized that acetaminophen, an effective antioxidant against peroxynitrite, would attenuate activation of MMP-2 and improve cardiac mechanical function. Isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts (Langendorff) were ...

Cryopreservation of whole organs would not only be advantageous for experimental biology but also for transplantation surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of cryopreserving swine uterus as an experimental model of cryopreservation affecting a whole visceral muscle organ. Organs were frozen slowly (0.2 degrees C/min) ...

Female sex hormones have been reported to preserve endothelial integrity and to reduce inflammation. However, gender-related differences in the intestinal mucosal barrier function during compromised perfusion after ischemia and transplantation have not been defined. Herein, we applied intravital microscopy to determine the mucosal epithelial and intestinal microcirculatory responses in ileal ...

Non-invasive measurement of perfusion in skeletal muscle by in vivo magnetic resonance remains a challenge due to its low level and the correspondingly low signal-to-noise ratio. To enable accurate, quantitative, and time-resolved perfusion measurements in the leg muscle, a technique with a high sensitivity is required. By combining a flow-sensitive ...

Treadmill exercise and neuromuscular electrical stimulation are common clinical approaches for stroke rehabilitation. Both animal and clinical studies have shown the functional improvements after these interventions. However, the neurochemical effects on the ischemic brain had not been well studied. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of treadmill exercise and ...

BACKGROUND: Recognition of myocardial ischemia is critical both for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and the selection and evaluation of therapy. Recent advances in proteomic and metabolic profiling technologies may offer the possibility of identifying novel biomarkers and pathways activated in myocardial ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood samples were ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine changes in the rate of thenar muscles tissue deoxygenation during stagnant ischemia in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective observational study in the medical ICU of a general hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients admitted to ICU with septic shock (n=6), severe ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ischemia time on longitudinal bone growth after replantation, and to evaluate the usefulness of simple cold storage of an amputated limb in preventing epiphyseal growth-plate impairment. A hind-limb replantation model was produced with 5-week-old rats after various ischemia times. ...

The Ca2+-activated protease calpain has been shown to play a deleterious role in the heart during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). We tested the hypothesis that exercise training would minimize I/R-induced calpain activation and provide cardioprotection against I/R-induced injury. Hearts from adult male rats were isolated in a working heart preparation, and myocardial ...

We have shown previously that a single period of treadmill exercise in dogs protects the heart against the severe ventricular arrhythmias that arise when a major (anterior descending) branch of the left coronary artery is occluded following anaesthesia 24 h later. This protection is aminoguanidine sensitive, suggesting a role for ...

We examined if sevoflurane given before cold ischemia of intact hearts (anesthetic preconditioning, APC) affords additional protection by further improving mitochondrial energy balance and if this is abolished by a mitochondrial KATP blocker. NADH and FAD fluorescence was measured within the left ventricular wall of 5 groups of isolated guinea ...

In the normal heart, there is loss of citric acid cycle (CAC) intermediates that is matched by the entry of intermediates from outside the cycle, a process termed anaplerosis. Previous in vitro studies suggest that supplementation with anaplerotic substrates improves cardiac function during myocardial ischemia and/or reperfusion. The present investigation ...