2 SECTION 1: DOCUMENTS-BASED QUESTION Ireland: Topic 5 Politics and society in Northern Ireland, Case study to which the documents relate: The Sunningdale Agreement and the power-sharing executive, Study the documents opposite and answer the questions below. 1. (a) According to document A, why did Brian Faulkner travel to Stormont by helicopter? (b) According to document A, what sort of activity did Faulkner see on the ground? (c) According to document A, what demand did Faulkner make in the Secretary of State s office? (d) In document B, what complaint did Merlyn Rees have against the British government? (20) 2. (a) Do the documents support the claim, made by Rees in document A, that the authorities were in control of security? Explain your answer, referring to both documents. (b) From the evidence of the documents, who showed better leadership, Faulkner or Rees? Give reasons for your answer. (20) 3. (a) Should a historian accept document A as a reliable historical source? Give reasons for your answer. (b) What are the strengths and weaknesses of document B as a historical source? (20) 4. What were the difficulties associated with implementing the Sunningdale Agreement? (40) Page 2 of 8

3 -Document A- Brian Faulkner, chief executive of the power-sharing executive, brought about by the Sunningdale Agreement, recalls the Ulster Workers Council strike. On Monday morning, 20 May 1974, I was told by the police that there were so many barricades on roads between my home and Stormont that I would have to be flown in by helicopter. As we travelled across County Down I could see beneath me the evidence of paramilitary activity. Even at Stormont, as we came in to land, I could see a barricade within sight of Merlyn Rees office. I went in to the Secretary of State [Rees] and demanded, angrily, that something be done to remove all the barricades; but he insisted, at first, that the security forces had the problem under control and that the roads were, in general, clear. I ended the argument by taking him to the window and pointing to the barricade at Dundonald House; and, in agitation, he turned to instruct his officials to have it cleared. Shortly afterwards a bulldozer arrived and pushed the obstruction aside; but, in an hour or so, it was up again at the same spot. (Edited extract from Brian Faulkner, Memoirs of a Statesman, London, 1978) -Document B- Merlyn Rees, the British government s Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, writes of that time. Our very position in the province was in question. I had personally been warned of an assassination attempt; and I, with my small Northern Ireland British staff, found it difficult to travel the roads. We had tried choppering [traveling by helicopter] from the Culloden Hotel, but working from there at night, in inadequate quarters, had been proving difficult. We, therefore, decided to camp in the Speaker s House at Stormont. The conditions were elementary camp beds, tinned food and the atmosphere was reminiscent of periods in my war service. We were isolated, working long hours, and I do not think Westminster realised how difficult that time was for us. Every report we received showed the deteriorating situation. Effective administration was in the hands of the strikers. (Edited extract from Merlyn Rees, Northern Ireland: A Personal Perspective, London, 1985) Page 3 of 8

4 SECTION 2: IRELAND Answer one question from one of the topics below. Ireland: Topic 1 Ireland and the Union, Why did O Connell achieve Emancipation and fail to achieve Repeal? (100) 2. What were the social and economic effects of emigration and/or the coming of the railways? (100) 3. What did the Young Ireland movement and/or Fenianism contribute to Irish nationalism? (100) 4. What was the contribution to Irish affairs of Asenath Nicholson and/or Mother Mary Aikenhead? (100) Ireland: Topic 2 Movements for political and social reform, What did Charles Stewart Parnell contribute to land reform and to the development of the Home Rule movement? (100) 2. What were the main social and economic developments in Belfast and/or Dublin during the period ? (100) 3. Which organisation was more effective, the GAA or the Gaelic League? Argue your case, referring to both. (100) 4. How successful was Edward Carson as a leader of Unionism? (100) Ireland: Topic 3 The pursuit of sovereignty and the impact of partition, During the period , what factors contributed to the partition of Ireland? (100) 2. Who handled Anglo-Irish relations better, W. T. Cosgrave or Éamon de Valera? Argue your case, referring to both. (100) 3. To what extent did the 1932 Eucharistic Congress and/or the language and education policies of Irish governments promote Irish cultural identity? (100) 4. How did the Unionist Party in power respond to the challenges posed by the existence of a substantial nationalist minority within Northern Ireland? (100) Page 4 of 8

5 Ireland: Topic 4 The Irish diaspora, What did the Irish experience at Grosse Isle? (100) 2. Why was the US the main destination of Irish emigrants and why was there anti-irish sentiment there between the Famine and World War I? (100) 3. What were the main trends in Irish emigration during the period ? (100) 4. What did you learn about the Catholic Church and the Irish diaspora from your study of one or more of the following: Archbishop Daniel Mannix; Mother Mary Martin; Bishop Edward Galvin? (100) Ireland: Topic 6 Government, economy and society in the Republic of Ireland, During the period , how successful were the social and economic policies of Irish governments? (100) 2. How effective was Seán Lemass as Taoiseach in his management of internal and external affairs? (100) 3. What were the main challenges facing Irish governments in the 1970s and 1980s, and how well did they deal with them? (100) 4. What was the impact of television and/or Vatican II on the Republic of Ireland? (100) Page 5 of 8

6 SECTION 3: EUROPE AND THE WIDER WORLD Answer one question from each of two of the topics below. Europe and the wider world: Topic 1 Nationalism and state formation in Europe, What was the system of Metternich and how was it undermined, ? (100) 2. Why was France unstable during the period ? (100) 3. How was cultural nationalism expressed through one or more of the following: music; art; literature and language? (100) 4. How successful was Baron Haussmann in re-planning Paris? (100) Europe and the wider world: Topic 2 Nation states and international tensions, What impact did German foreign policy have on the changing balance of power in Europe, ? (100) 2. What were the main challenges facing Russia during the period ? (100) 3. What was the impact of World War I on economy and society in Europe? (100) 4. How was national identity expressed through literature and the arts during the period ? (100) Europe and the wider world: Topic 3 Dictatorship and democracy in Europe, How successfully did German governments deal with the social and economic problems of the period ? (100) 2. How effective were the internal and external policies of Josef Stalin? (100) 3. What were the main developments in church-state relations under Hitler and Mussolini? (100) 4. What was the impact of Anglo-American popular culture on Europe, ? (100) Page 6 of 8

7 Europe and the wider world: Topic 4 Division and realignment in Europe, How were communist governments imposed on Eastern Europe between the end of World War II, 1945, and the defeat of the Hungarian Uprising, 1956? (100) 2. What were the main social and economic developments in Europe, ? (100) 3. What factors contributed to the collapse of communism? (100) 4. During the period , how significant were developments in one or more of the following: advances in the biological sciences; nuclear power; the computer? (100) Europe and the wider world: Topic 5 European retreat from empire and the aftermath, Did British withdrawal help or hinder India? Give reasons for your answer. (100) 2. What were the typical problems faced by development workers in Africa? (100) 3. Which country managed race relations better, Britain or France? Argue your case, referring to both. (100) 4. What was the significance of one or more of the following in post-colonial Africa: Julius Nyerere; Gamal Abdul Nasser; Nadine Gordimer? (100) Europe and the wider world: Topic 6 The United States and the world, What was the importance for US foreign policy of one or more of the following: Berlin; Korea; Cuba? (100) 2. Why did the United States experience an economic boom, , and what was its impact on society? (100) 3. What were the successes and failures of the presidency of Lyndon Johnson? (100) 4. What was the impact of the Moon Landing on US domestic and foreign affairs? (100) Page 7 of 8

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