Frederick Taylor and Henry Ford were among the most influential experts on management. They focused on improving work and cost efficiency, maximizing output and boosting labor productivity, theorizing a link existed between the level of monetary and nonmonetary reward and workers’ effectiveness. “Taylorism” and “Fordism” theories were revolutionary in shaping early 20th century workplace and management systems. Fast forward to 2019, another era of the industrial revolution, businesses continue to acknowledge the importance of having an efficient and effective workforce and are refining theories and approaches to support this. Some of the largest tech companies like Alibaba, Amazon, Google, Uber — have unveiled new cutting-edge technology that utilizes automation and robotics and reduces reliance on human workers; through, for example, self-driving cars, unmanned warehouses, d...