Menstrual Cycle

A set of changes that happen in the body of a woman for a probable pregnancy is known as the menstrual cycle.

This sets in generally during puberty between 10 and 16 years of age and extends until 45 to 55 years of age for a woman.

The menstrual cycle includes four phases:

Menstrual period (day 1 to 5)

Follicular phase (day 1 to 13)

Ovulation phase (day 1 to 14)

Luteal phase (day 15 to 28)

The average cycle length is for 28 days.

Menstrual period

This phase ends by 4 to 6 days. The lining of the uterus referred to as the endometrium starts to shed owing to the contraction of the uterus. The bleeding comes from the vagina, and most of the bleeding occurs during the first 3 days, which can range from 10 ml to 80 ml.

Follicular phase

During this phase, an egg follicle becomes all set to discharge an egg. Moreover, the uterus begins to grow a new endometrium to get ready for pregnancy. Estrogen levels go up during this phase to enable the thickening of the uterus.

Ovulation phase

The matured egg is released into the fallopian tube by the cilia of the fimbriae on the 14th day of the cycle owing to the secretion of a hormone by the pituitary gland. The finger like projection that are found at the end of the ovaries are known as fimbriae.

Luteal phase

The egg that is discharged stays for 1 day. If it is not fertilized, it crumbles and the endometrium starts to collapse. During this phase, the estrogen levels fall down and the progesterone levels rise.

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