Although some phospholipase A2 forms, the initiator of the arachidonic acid cascade, contribute to carcinogenesis in many organs, the contribution of phospholipase A2 group IVc (Pla2g4c) remains to be clarified and the function of the enzyme in cancer development are unknown. The Hirosaki ...

The identification of the essential bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-AMP synthesized by the DNA-integrity scanning protein DisA opened up a new and emerging field in bacterial signaling. To further analyze the di-adenylate cyclase reaction catalyzed by the DAC domains of DisA, we crystallized ...

Mitochondrial labile iron (LI) plays a crucial role in oxidative injuries and pathologies. At present, there is no organelle-specific sensitive iron sensor which can reside exclusively in the mitochondria and reliably monitor levels of LI in this organelle. Here we describe the development of ...

Gibberellins affect various plant development processes including germination, cell division and elongation, and flowering. A large number of studies have been carried out to address the molecular mechanisms that mediate gibberellin signaling effects on plant growth. However, such studies have ...

Laskowski inhibitors regulate serine proteases by an intriguing mode of action that involves deceiving the protease into synthesising a peptide bond. Studies exploring naturally occurring Laskowski inhibitors have uncovered several structural features that convey the inhibitor’s resistance to ...

Activity of Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors is inhibited by growth factor-PI3K-protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT signalling to control a variety of cellular processes including cell cycle progression. Through comparative analysis of a number of microarray datasets we identified a set of ...

The formation of disulfides in proteins entering the secretory pathway is catalysed by the protein disulfide isomerase family of enzymes. These enzymes catalyse the introduction, reduction and isomerisation of disulfides. To function continuously they require an oxidase to reform the disulfide at ...

Mammalian colon harbors trillions of bacteria under physiologic conditions; this symbiosis is made possible because of a tolerized response from the mucosal immune system. The mechanisms underlying this tolerogenic phenomenon remain poorly understood. Here we show that Slc5a8, a Na + -coupled ...

The ATP synthases have been isolated by affinity chromatography from the mitochondria of the fungal species Yarrowia lipolytica, Pichia pastoris, Pichia angusta and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The subunit compositions of the purified enzyme complexes depended on the detergent used to solubilize and ...