I travelled into the backcountry in the middle-of-winter. I ventured into my own backyard and got run over by what felt like a bus driven by gorilla appearing from out of nowhere. I was bounced, if not kicked, to the curb – hard. And if I am asked to file a report with the Custer County Police I will report the condition as happy – hope to get beat up again soon.

Here is my story.

The Sawtooth National Wilderness immediately west and northwest of Redfish Lake near the town of Stanley, Idaho offers a remarkable amount of terrain for the backcountry traveller/skier. Within this part of the Sawtoooth National Wilderness sits the Goat Creek drainage. Goat Creek is a trail-less region with its headwaters starting at Thompson Peak (10,714) – the highest in the Sawtooth Mountain Range. This area is my home both figuratively and literally.

On this day, I am attempting to ski the length of the Goat Creek drainage (top-to-bottom) in a single shot – 13.5 miles in total. To even attempt the Goat Creek portion, the effort requires skiing on skins for 7 miles at elevation and gaining 4,000+ vertical feet simply to reach the start the challenging downhill portion; the Goat Creek drainage. The starting and end point of the trip is my cabin – which borders the 686,000 acre Sawtooth National Recreation Area (SNRA). So, yes I plan on finishing the day by skiing directly back to my front porch.

As is the norm, Chris and Sara Lundy – the co-owners of Sawtooth Mountain Guides (SMG) join me for the trip. Two years ago (March 2015) Chris, Sara, and I performed a six-day ski tour and climb across the heart of the Sawtooth Wilderness. The first two days of the March 2015 trip took us on the very top of Thompson Peak. For this trip we are traveling the same route for the first seven miles – to the saddle at 10,000 feet between Williams and Thompson Peak. The difference is we are completing it in one-day versus two. It will also be followed by 6.5 miles of downhill skiing versus stopping and spending the night in a tent as we did in 2015.

The route up from the Stanley Ranger station is one well known to me. The first five miles are on what is otherwise known as the Alpine Way. This high ridge-line route offers superlative views of the Fishook Creek basin and its surrounding peaks. Dead center is Horstmann Peak – a big brute. Chris Lundy is the first person (recorded) to have climbed and skied off the top of Horstmann Peak. It has been my pleasure to travel the length of the Fishook by foot and ski and ascend many of its peaks – winter, spring, summer and fall.

While the views during this early portion of the route are memorable, one of the downsides is it involves skiing many miles on otherwise hard-pack snow. The implication is your feet are going to take a tremendous beating and hot-spots are likely to present themselves.

After five miles and 1,600 vertical feet of elevation gain, we break away from the Alpine Way Trail. At this juncture we stop, rest, fuel up, and check out our feet. In 2015, the difference is the three of us ski another 1/4 mile on the Alpine Way Trail and drop down into the SMG’s Williams Peak Yurt to spend the night. Today there is no such respite.

After our rest, and refuel we embark on the major ascent of the trip. We are about to gain 2,400 vertical feet a bit less than two miles. Most of the ascent while steep, is wonderfully smooth and easy. However the route involves two tricky spots. The first is a drop of 400 vertical feet at a 45-50 degree slope just before lunch-break. The second is the last 1/4 mile of the ascent which is on a 60+ degree slope. These pitches on skis are made materially more difficult by heavy packs loaded with bulky camera gear.

In most narratives describing elevation, change in elevation, degree of slope, and distance is sometimes hard to convey. Before I begin to describe the descent and use Defined Names such as The Garage Can and The Garbage Chute, some perspectives are provided for which you may be familiar.

If you ski in Michigan:

Boyne Mountain is a major ski resort in the midwest. Boyne is a wonderful area. Boyne tops out at 1,100 feet elevation and claims 500 feet of vertical drop (actually 410) with 10 chair lifts. Boyne has 60 ski runs with one run almost a mile long. Boyne categorizes the ski runs as 30% Expert, 41% Intermediate and 29% as beginner. About 95% of Boyne’s ski runs are less than 15 degrees in slope. About 5% of the ski runs approach 15-20 degrees in slope. There is 100 feet of vertical on one run that is 35 degrees in slope.

If you ski in Sun Valley, Idaho:

Sun Valley, Idaho was America’s first destination ski resort. The chair-lift was invented in Sun Valley. The Union-Pacific Railroad explored and considered the best terrain in the United States for the sport of skiing – with only a tiny locale in Idaho meeting the criteria. In my opinion I agree. Bald Mountain is as good as it gets for chair-lift served skiing in the U.S. In an intense 10-year period Linda, and I skied almost every major ski-mountain in the U.S. and Canada – many on multiple occasions. While Taos, New Mexico was close, Sun Valley and the Wood River Valley simply could not be beaten. Baldy tops out at 9,140 feet in elevation and offers 3,420 vertical feet of skiing. Two runs (Warm Springs and River) effectively provide the entire 3,420 foot change and are just short of two miles in length. Baldy’s signature characteristic is a moderate to demanding degree of slope that is consistent in pitch from top to bottom for each run. Many believe that given the total elevation change, the length, and consistency of angle of the runs – you can ski faster on Baldy than any other lift served mountain in the world. For example most of the iconic runs (Exhibition, Holiday, Inhibition, Limelight) rarely exceed 35 degrees in angle, but also do not change their angle by much for the length of the run. The May Day Bowl run sits between 32-34 degrees for its entire 1,600 vertical feet of descent. The implication being in ski shape, dim witted, and having long runs at a steady steep pitch available? In the 1985 pre-quad speed lift era Mike Andary and & I skied 67,300 vertical feet on Baldy in one day. It was a non-stop, no wait line, ski top-t0-bottom without breaking, eat on the chair-lift effort from the first chair up for the the day (8:45 AM) to the last (4:00 PM).

If you ski in Washington State:

Crystal Mountain offers some outstanding terrain. Snow King, Powder Bowl, Snorting Elk all provide 35-45 degree pitches for 400-500 vertical feet. The drop off from the top Snow King and Powder Bowl usually requires a jump off a cornice of 3 – 10 feet in height with the initial 100-150 vertical feet at a 60+ degree pitch.

As for the skiing the Goat Creek drainage from the saddle between Williams Peak and Thompson all the way back down to the Lubeck Cabin? The descent of 4,000+ vertical feet on a run of 6.5 miles is of moderate slope except for the top of the Garbage Can and the entire length of the Garbage Chute sections – which are 40 – 60 degrees in angle. The descent down the Goat Creek Basin is visually stunning for its entire length. Merritt Peak and its prominence are addicting to the eye. The Goat Lakes and Goat Falls (encased in ice) are nothing short of stunning.

So where does the bus driven by the gorilla come into play? Snow Conditions and 12 hours of travel with a heavy pack! Yes, the condition of the snow was highly variable with the ultimate effect being the equivalent of getting hit by a bus driven by a Gorilla. So what kind of snow did we encounter? New England Boilerplate, Michigan Blue Ice, Himalayan Hard Pack, California Crystalized, Cascade Cement, Alaskan Avalanche, Pennsylvania Pot-hole and Mt. St. Helens Asphalt. If I did not know better I could easily be led to believe the Lundy’s had all of these conditions shipped in specifically for my enjoyment. I am calling for a Special Council investigation. Chris & Sara can and do ski all of these conditions without their hair getting mussed. On this day, I show a variety of forms. Up until bus incident I am a bit tired, but feeling comfortable and in control. Afterward, my skiing form appears to match that of a Korean Inter Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) having lost its guidance system.

On the way down we spot Mountain Goats. In the middle of the Garbage Can section we notice a Momma and Baby Mountain Goat scaling a good portion Williams Peak. The Garbage Can and Garbage Chute are notorious for being nothing more than routes to the bottom of the drainage chock full of avalanche debris. On this day the conditions are quite different. The 2016-2017 snow season represents a 100 year event; with snow levels approaching 200% of normal. The Garbage Can and Garbage Chute are full of snow. This makes the descent materially easier.

The Garbage Chute is steep and narrow. Really narrow. The snow base is firm with a layer of super fine quick snow on top. The snow condition reminds of the Canyon ski run on Baldy in January and February. The difference is the Cal Topo map revels the top and middle portions of the Garbage Chute are 50-60 degrees in pitch, while Canyon is consistently 30+ degrees. I also have a somewhat heavy pack of bulky camera on my back. However, I will be the first to admit, this setting is my favorite in which to ski. Suddenly, my energy has returned. Chris and Sara are well below towards the bottom of the Garbage Chute. Magically skiing with purpose returns. No unguided missile on the section. That is until we leave the Garbage Chute. Before us lies a couple of hundred vertical feet of 3 day old frozen avalanche debris. Snow, ice, trees and rocks! These conditions remind me of running on a creek-bed of uneven size boulders 40 miles into a 50 mile back-country endurance race. This stuff hurts the feet – and you have boots and skis underfoot. We suck it up and Sara even finds a few turns of nice powder conditions which points out “are are only ones for the day.”

We reach the bottom of the big-downhill skiing – The Alpine Way trail – which circumnavigates the mountain and drainage we are skiing. We are now in the Goat Creek Meadow. Technically a trail-less region. This spot is almost exactly 3 miles from the cabin. The meadow is gently sloped in a stupendous setting for 1.75 miles before the creek drops more materially for .75 miles. The final .5 miles is on our private road where it meets the creek back to the cabin. I have skied to this spot from the cabin and back all winter. With the last being two weeks prior. As we reach the road I determine my condition officially as “spent.” We ski back to the cabin and the front door cannot appear too soon. At 3 minutes under 12 straight hours of work, we dump our gear and have a glass of wine in the confines of the cabin. We toast each other for completing (some would suggest surviving) the route within our time goal. After Sara and Chris leave, I jump into a hot tub and relax. Historically I require very little time for recovery. Given this endeavor, I do not suspect this to be the case. Ironically after a solid sleep, I awake feeling remarkable refreshed and full of energy. I actually ski back up to the meadow and make a few turns from the top of the ridge-line. I am surprised I feel so good and no buses with gorillas as drivers appear.

The Sawtooths from Goat Creek. The Lubeck cabin is situated in the trees center-right.

Saturday February 11th, 2017 – Stanley, Idaho

The Travel Ban continues into its 4th day. Avalanches and the threat thereof, keeps all roads out of Stanley closed and subsequently unable to reach the next towns – Challis to the east, Sun Valley to the south, and Boise to the west. The Idaho Department of Transportation (as of 7:30AM) says the roads remain closed indefinitely. That sounds like a Ban to me. Our Community (Goat Creek) hires a snow crew to keep our private road system – if it can be so-called – somewhat clear an usable all winter. This despite snow/precipitation currently sitting at 180% or normal (Galena station). Linda says this year is the 3rd most season-to-date since records starting being kept in 1884. I keep the driveways and path system (I appear to be big into systems) clear with a large Briggs & Stratton Snowblower.

At 5PM Friday, Steve in his Front Loader (versus CAT SnowBlower) performed a clearing of the 6 -12 inches of icy-slushy snow covering the existing season’s accumulation pack from the roads. The Front Loader is powerful but much less refined the the CAT SnowBlower.

The clearing allowed yours truly and Shae dog to venture across the Goat Creek Intra-Community Road System and then through the Sawtooth National Recreation land via the Forest Service Road – Iron Creek #611 to Highway 21 and the 2 miles into Stanley. Note we hold a permit to drive on and plow the road within Forest Service property.

While not looking quite like a scene from World Apocalypse 2017: Dead Jeff Walking, Stanley appeared to be emptier than normal. That is tough to say for a town with a population of 63 (2010 census). At the Mercantile the remaining food, food stuffs and the various sundry items remained ample. Shae dog and I resupplied. We also re-filled the 5-gallon propane tank for the Cabin’s outdoor grill – just in case we lose power.

This morning Shae dog and I got up and out a bit before sunrise in order to capture the mountains gathering the early light. Temperatures were back down to their normal levels. When I took the shots above and below the temperature was about 9 degrees Fahrenheit.

With some time on my hands, I am going to venture up into the Goat Creek Basin for a six-mile out and back trip (upper middle area in photo above). I confirmed with Chris Lundy – my friend, neighbor and owner of Sawtooth Mountain Guides (formerly Director of the Sun Valley Avalanche Center for 10 years) this trek has a low-moderate danger for Avalanche given last nights freeze.

It is February 2017. I live in a Federal Republic in a country called The United States of America. At present the various branches of government are getting [sic., at whole new levels] to prove/disprove, test, validate/re-validate, and educate themselves and others as to their roles and authority in how we operate as a country. It is a fascinating exercise to observe from afar.

However, that is not the topic of discussion for this Post. Personally I have a much more pressing and immediate problem. I am temporarily trapped at the cabin. I am effectively banned from travel outside of Stanley, Idaho. Why? Weather! Weather (aka Mother Nature) is dumping moisture in the form snow and now rain at unprecedented levels. Avalanches and Avalanche Danger have closed every single road that could be used for escape.

Up until last weekend snow and record cold temperatures was the diet delivered at 150%-200% of normal from November through the first week of February. Last weekend the snow continued but the temperatures rose. So much so the 5-6 feet of snow on the cabin roof finally slid off. There was some excitement during one slide, as Kyle was evaluating the possibility of the slide 15 seconds before a slide occurred. Despite being nimble and having a chance to jump away (somewhat), Kyle was buried in snow up to his chest. It took me 20+ minutes to dig him free. On Wednesday a monster storm presented itself but the snow level rose to the 8,000 feet (the cabin sits at just below 7,000 feet). So 40 degree Fahrenheit temperatures and heavy rain was the gig from Wednesday night until midnight Thursday. It is has been snowing lightly for the past number of hours.

Perhaps the greatest tragedy for the 21 Century Jeff Lubeck is the slide of the other half of the roof (Wednesday afternoon) occurred in one fell-swoop careening onto the upper deck and wiping out the Satellite Dish. OMG what am I going to do!

Scott our DirectTV Guy (and a nice one at that) is trying to reach me. But Scott tells me the avalanche slide on Highway 75 east of Stanley is 20 feet high and long. Scott says IDOT thinks it might be cleared by late Saturday afternoon.

Lubeck Ridge (as the sun starts to set) from the driveway of our house.

It is 2:45 PM on January 28th – the day before the birthday of my Best Girl for the past 38 years. The temperature is nine degrees Fahrenheit (9 F) and sunny. The snows of December and January have covered the region with anywhere between 130 – 185 percent of normal precipitation for this time year.

I have determined these Baby’s [sic., mountains, peaks, bowls, ridge-lines] need to be skied. Kyle skins up Baldy and Dollar Mountains after the lifts close during the week. Recently, I have joined Kyle and Merry [Christmas] Dog (in her booties) on these ventures. Last Friday we did Baldy and skied down in the dark – with our headlamps providing assistance. Last Sunday, Kyle and I and climbed up Proctor Mountain and skied down under a founding member of America’s original ski lifts. Separately, I have been climbing and skiing in the Sawtooths – virtually unencumbered.

On this day however, the goal is to climb (in skins) to the very top of Lubeck Ridge and ski down the mountain all the way back to the house. Kyle and I had the pleasure of completing this task last winter. On that occasion we reached the top at sunset, took in the wonderful pinks and oranges of the darkening skyline and skied down in the dark through a series of fog bank layers. It was an experience unlike any other.

On this trip it will be me on my own. I check the condition of the snow at various points on the trip to the top. The Avalanche Center report indicates that where I am heading conditions for an avalanche are moderate. Given the majority of the run is between 30-32 degrees in angle, I feel I can ski alone as long as I pay attention to the condition of the snow. I will pay extra attention in the two sections of the run where the pitch will be 35-45 degrees and both have large boulders protruding through the snow. As always I have my Spot GPS to report my status from start-to-finish.

Normally the ascent follows our hiking route up from behind the Ohio Gulch Transfer Station. While not a formal trail, the Lubeck’s have been burnishing a Citizen’s Trail since moving to the Valley Club in 2003. The elk, deer and to some extent sheep have performed the foundational engineering. However, today I decide to head up the spine of the Mountain from the Gun Club. To ensure I am not starting out with flawed judgement, Linda takes the 2 minute drive to the spot with me and drops me off given the Green Light. It is a great choice, and as I frequently say – better to be lucky than good!

On the ascent, the snow proves to be very lite and stable. Once on the upper ridges, the snow shows the effect of wind and is slightly packed. The only trace of living creatures are those of Coyote. I use these tracks for the last 150+ vertical to the top. The top of Lubeck ridge has a small cornice – with 3 foot drop down to the route I will take. Luckily the first 50 feet of the route has gentle 10 degree angle. So, think of it as jumping off the kitchen counter top onto the kitchen floor.

The view from the top of Lubeck Ridge is pretty darn cool. You can see the entire Wood River Valley from South Ketchum to Hailey. Our house, The Valley Club and Deer Creek, Greenhorn, Ohio, East Fork and Timber Gulches sit 1,200 – 1,500 feet below. Baldy is almost directly across and in full view. Off in the distance and slightly to the right – the peaks of the Boulder Mountains (Galena, Boulder, Glassford, Ryan and Kent) stand high. To the far right The Devils Bedstead – East and West – of the Pioneer Mountains stick out. Greenhorn and its steep angled treeless bowls from top to bottom is especially stunning. I swear I can hear her call out; “ski me next, ski me next.”

Before I change from climbing to skiing mode, I send an “Okay” signal from the SPOT device to Linda and Kyle. Next, I ratchet down my boots two levels and flip the back part of the boot from walking to skiing mode. This is followed by removing the skins from my skis and packing them into a back-pack. And finally I change the bindings from cross-country to downhill mode and step into the bindings ready for a downhill run. The biggest challenge (for me at least) is taking the time and having the patience to adjust to downhill mode. In short I need to not rush things as the skis are now super fast and my heel is completely locked in. I also need to compensate for a heavy pack on my back (i.e., camera, lenses, monopod, shovel, crampons, water, food, headlamp, and extra clothes, gloves, googles).

Now that I am all set – down I go. As I drop into the steep narrow part of the descent the snow becomes as lite and gentle as mother nature can provide. The ride is awesome. The condition of the snow remains the same for the entire descent – OMG! At the bottom of the run, there is a fence-line that acts as the point of demarcation between private property and United States Forest Service land. The wire of the fence sits about four feet high and the fence posts top out a six and a half feet in height. No evidence of the fence exists – so I ski onward.

Once at the bottom I ski to the driveway of one of our neighbors. I change ski mode back to cross-country. As I head back to the house another neighbor and his two dogs greet me. They join me for my return to our house.

The Sawtooth Mountain Range was first characterized as America’s Alps in the early 1900’s. With 52 named peaks over 10,000 feet in a range that spans 45 miles in length and 20 miles in width. The designation is a fair one. I have reached the summit of many of the named peaks. I have been fortunate to photograph them from many vantage points north – south – east – west – winter – spring – summer – fall.

This past week, for three straight days, I decided to skin up to peak 7183 across our cabin in the Goat Creek drainage – west of Stanley – to take in a view of the most northern part of the range. After a skin up of just shy of a 1,000 vertical feet to the top – the vantage and the untouched power skiing back down to the valley floor was pure joy. On the first day, three elk standing on the frozen Valley Creek followed me for my entire descent.

Alpine Terrain (AT) skiing in the backcountry is my preferred method of skiing. Cross-country is a close 2nd, followed by lift-served downhill. There is something empowering and satisfying about climbing\mountaineering up to a designated spot and then skiing back down. While AT skiing sounds rugged and demanding – which is most often the case – it can also be fairly easy and relaxing. Some days the effort is simply intended to the outdoor equivalent an hour or two on the StairMaster.

Earlier in the week, Linda, Shae dog, Merry [Christmas] dog and I braved the -13 degree temperatures to cross-country ski the Park Creek drainage west of the the cabin from late afternoon to sunset. It was the warmest point in the day after starting up from -31 F before sunrise. The ski was magical.

The prospect of a natural disaster is something of which the media feasts. A weather related event that can be predicted, anticipated, tracked and analyzed - can fill an entire programming period for days on end. Hurricanes and Typhoons used to be the only weather events named. In the 21st century all weather spectacles are now named and packaged. If the [Place The Name Here]MAGEDDON poses even the faintest of risk to anywhere in the United States expect a plethora of "on-the-scene" reporters outfitted to the "T" in sponsored outfits broadcasting live. Luckily, more often than not the event ends up bringing only a small fraction of what has been predicted (e.g., a Category 5 storm turns out to be a party cloudy afternoon.

So when Snowmageddon 2017 was predicted in January in my region, I treated the upcoming event with a bit of skepticism. The official National Weather Service forecast predicted up to 40+ inches of the white stuff (even more at the highest elevations) over a three-to-five day period. It should be noted that we who live in the high mountain's of Idaho we welcome as much moisture as can be delivered - especially if it is snow.

Well... this time the prediction was spot on correct - Snowmageddon 2017 was a dandy. The National Weather Service (correctly) warned the snowfall might be so great that road-crews and snow plows would not be able to keep pace. Luckily, in my area, the infrastructure is in place to deal with the issue. And, at least in the Wood River and Sawtooth Valley's, the Idaho Transportation department was more than equal to the task.

As the event ended and the clouds started to clear (Thursday 1/12/2017) Kyle, Merry [Christmas] dog, and I put on the crampons and climb up to the top of Dollar Mountain after work. We took in a wonderful sunset behind Baldy.

On Friday I head up to the cabin in Stanley to clear the 36-40 inches of new snow that had arrived. Linda, Shae dog, and Merry [Christmas] dog join me on Saturday mid-day for the MLK extended-weekend. It is winter wonder land. I should not forget to mention that the temperatures on Friday (-31 F) and Saturday (-31 F) were pretty chilly.

Update: As of January 23rd, 2017 precipitation in the region (water content as rain or snow) is anywhere between 135% - 186% of norm.

Linda and I took a quick trip to The Russian River Valley and coastal regions of California to see family (brother Roger and sister in-law Lynette liver in Sonoma County) for Thanksgiving. My brother Dave and sister in-law Brenda flew in from Kansas City to join the festivities. The 776 mile trip each way from Sun Valley ID to Cloverdale CA included crossing over the Donner Summit (elevation 7,240) on I-80. The weather on the summit can be brutal – on average 400+ inches of annual snow fall. A major snow storm (12″+) was hitting the summit during each of our crossings.

Bodega Head on the California Coast (Bodega Bay).

Vines on Dry Creek in the Russian River Valley (CA).

Bodega Head on the California Coast (Bodega Bay).

The Potter Schoolhouse Bodega CA. Used in Alfred Hitchcock’s The Birds (1963).

What if you lived between two neighbors that hated each other to the greatest degree possible? And the only thing they hated more than each other was – you, your family members, friends, and relatives.

The Bloodlands by Timothy Snyder covers the topic (in excruciating and exacting detail) by discussing the Borderlands (otherwise known the lands and people between Germany and Western Russia) during the Stalin and Hitler Regimes.

Snyder the Dayton Ohio born, Oxford educated, Yale Professor of History takes great care and time (i.e., number pages) to dispel common misconceptions, clarify and elaborate on these Regimes, their efforts, and implications thereof.

With great effect Snyder dispels the belief that the crimes of Hitler and Stalin can (or should) be viewed separately, and these crimes really only occurred in large numbers to the combatants of WWII and Jews in concentration camps.

Let’s be clear, Snyder does not attempt to belittle the horror that was WWII or what we know of the Holocaust. However what Snyder does point out is the fact that a far, far, greater number of people died [14.5+ Million inhabitants of the Bloodlands to be exact] through treatment as bad or worse, and over a significantly longer period of time (1920s, 1930s, 1940s). This included, Jews, Poles, Lithuanians, Ukrainians, Hungarians, Germans and Russians. In short, the list of victims is long and varied.

The Bloodlands and its peoples were over-taken by Russia or Germany one, two, three, and even four times during this period. The vast majority of the people living in the Bloodlands fell into two-categories 1.) Need to Be Exterminated A.S.A.P or 2.) Need to be Slave Labor to grow food or make goods for the conquerors until no longer useful and re-classified to Category #1.

Why? A.) Because of who you were, not what you had done and/or B.) You and your kind were on a Defined List that established you as not meeting the prescribed Nationalist ideal and/or C.) plans such as the Final Solution (w/options 1,2&3), Great Terror of 1937 (1938,1939), or GeneralPlan Oust called for your demise.

Snyder takes advantage of the fact the these two Regimes were terrific at documentation and record keeping. The Bloodlands shows that Russia and Germany, Stalin and Hitler operated with cold efficiency and used this buffer zone and its peoples in an attempt to destroy each other and clear it for themselves. Each calculated the other would ultimately fail and would do anything to accomplish their goal – even if it seemed counter intuitive. For example while your enemy just invaded your country and is starving 3.1 million of your own citizens – pretend to do much, but actually do little because in the long run – you wanted these citizens dead anyways and as a bonus – your enemy can be blamed at the same time – with little to no monetary output on your part. Or as another example, sign a non-agression pact with your enemy, give 1/2 of the country you just conquered (i.e., Poland) to them on the premise that your enemy will efficiently eliminate the Poles and after the work is completed you will subsequently break the pact, invade and conquer your enemy.

The Bloodlands is sobering. The Bloodlands is tough to stomach. It is important to read and understand the Bloodlands – as history has a tendency of repeating itself. All it takes to start is creating a National Registration List of people for who they are, not what they have done.

The publishing of the novel Underground Railroad (2016) comes at an interesting time in America. Although a novel, author Colson Whitehead’s fiction touches on our history as a country and society – forcing the reader to confront foundational aspects that are highly admirable and utterly disturbing.

Could so many Americans be that magnanimous while others are treacherous? The answer in Underground Railroad is yes – both in relative and absolute terms. Unfortunately in non fiction history – the answer is yes as well. Underground Railroad has highly imaginative fantasy aspects that are presented so successfully they border on feeling real (e.g., the physical railroad). It also presents characters in settings that are beyond imagination. Unfortunately real history confirms what Whitehead presents in many storylines did actually occur (e.g., rape, torture, mob mentality).

Okay, okay… I understand that you are very busy, very important, and buried in the details of one of the most important issues known to human-kind. However, have you taken a moment to pull your head out from [fill in the blank] and soaked in the colors of fall-time?

In spite of being exceptionally self-important and consumed by a Presidential Election that is certain to send me to Canada on November 9th (no matter the winner). I have done so. and so should you!

Click on the images below for an expanded presentation,

The first morning of fall in the Sawtooths. I walked out from the cabin (in the trees straight ahead) to capture this shot.

The Arctic Willows at their prime fall color in early morning on Lewis & Clark’s River of No Return (Salmon River) above Fisher Creek.

If your cross the Wood River at the base of the Boulder Mountains (at your own risk) you can enjoy sunset on some hidden Beaver Ponds.

Aspens bursting with color at the base of the Galena Pass at the source of the Lewis & Clark’s River of No Return (Salmon River).