The great advantage of globalization is that it increases competition. Companies and firms have to order their affairs carefully so that they compete in a global market. But that is outweighed by a large number of disadvantages.

The first one is that it hurts the local government's ability to deal with issues like welfare benefits, wages and taxes mainly because the corporation is able to say to the British Government or to the French Government or to the American Government, "Look unless you lower your taxes on us, we'll be moving off to South East Asia or Latin America", and so on. And so it takes out of the hands of the government the ability to control their own welfare system and provide a decent infrastructure for their people. Now this is not so bad as long as there is some negotiation between governments and companies. But more and more in recent years, companies have started to rule the roost. There is an opinion that the corporation is the most important institution in our lives. They can now dictate to governments and some kind of give-and-take between governments and corporations is of great importance.

Another problem is one of unemployment in the Western world. As companies want to improve their profitability, they are going to be looking for the low-cost, low-wage centres. And we're just about to see a major change in the global economy, bесаusе of the addition of China and India to the global labour market. There are great advantages in this but there are a lot of problems as well because China and India are going to provide a skilled population. Also, they are going to provide fairly good infrastructures for the companies that are going to go out there. So we are going to see a flight of capital from the West which is going to be sudden and dramatic. If this is too sudden and is not managed properly we could find very severe employment problems in the Western world.

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Nowadays more and more companies are struggling to become global. But being a global company means not only the improvement but also problems. Fortune Garments, one of Hong Kong's oldest trading groups, which makes high quality clothing, has become global: it has over 3000 suppliers in 17 countries and employs stuff from all over the world in its head office and factories. It is expanding rapidly in foreign markets with sales over $ US 1.8 bn.

Fast delivery, innovative design, and reliable quality are essential for success in the fashion business. Fortune Garments' Chairman, Michael Chau, is proud that his company can usually accept a major order and deliver the goods to a customer within four weeks. However, globalization has brought problems in the company's overseas plants, and this is having a bad effect on its share price. As the result the company can become the target of a takeover if it doesn't sort out its problems soon.

I'm worried about the sales of the range of fragrances we (launch) two years ago. In the fist year, sales (increase) steadily. However, since the beginning of this year, sales (fall) by almost 10%.

The reason for this is clear. Several films in SE Asia copy our designs and are now flooding the French market with them. This (become) a serious problem.

Last month, I (organise) a team of investigators. Up to now, they (find) many counterfeit goods, which the police (seize) and impounded. Yesterday, I (contact) several firms who (inform) me that they (have) similar problems. They all (lose) sales because of counterfeiting.

1. The book is very popular because very important problems have been touched upon.

2. His books will be referred to by all those who work at this problem.

3. The date was agreed upon by all the participants of the negotiation.

4. The project is much spoken about.

5. I'm sure he'll be listened to with great attention.

Задание №6

Переведите глаголы в скобках на английский язык, употребляя их в

требующемся времени в страдательном залоге.

1. Very important questions (затрагивать) in this article.

2. No positive agreement (приходить к, достигать) yet.

3. Company targets (определять) every year.

4. The companies in Europe traded exceptionally well during the year and new products (представлять).

5. All relevant information about the meeting (представлять, снабжать) in advance.

Задание №7

Переведите предложения. Определите исчисляемые и

неисчисляемые существительные.

a) Gold is more expensive then silver.

b) Passengers learnt that their luggage was lost.

c) The news is really exciting.

d) I need an assistant to carry out experiments.

Задание №8 Выберите правильный вариант.

a) Could you help me carry my luggage\ luggages.

b) What are\ is the latest news?

c) We need information\ informations from you.

d) You've bought a nice, car, Your money is/are well

e) They booked accommodations\ accommodation in advance.

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания к тексту. Outdoor advertising

The world of outdoor advertising billboards, transport and «street furniture» (things like bus shelters and public toilets) -is worth about $18 billion a year, just 6% of all the world spending on advertising. But it is one of the fastest growing segments, having doubled its market share in recent years.

Outdoor advertising's appeal is growing as TV and print are losing theirs. The soaring costs of TV are prompting clients to consider alternatives. Dennis Sullivan, boss of Portland Group, a media buyer, calls outdoor advertising the last true mass-market medium. It is also cheap. In Britain, a 30-second prime-time TV slot costs over $100 000. Placing an ad on a bus shelter for two weeks works out at about $150.

Adding to its attraction has been a revolution in the quality of outdoor displays. Famous architects such as Britain's Sir Norman Foster are designing arty bus shelters and kiosks with backlit displays. Backlighting, introduced in Europe by Decaux and More, and plastic poster skins have vastly improved colour and contrast.

Movement is possible too. Smirnoff used new multi-image printing to make a spider, seen through a vodka bottle, appear to crawl up a man's back. And Disney advertised its «101 Dalmatians» video on bus shelters with the sound of puppies barking.

This sort of innovation has attracted a new class of advertiser. Recent data from Concord, a poster buyer, shows that in Britain, alcohol and tobacco have been replaced by entertainment, clothing and financial services as the big outdoor advertisers, like car makers, are using it in new ways. BMV ran a "teasers' campaign in Britain exclusively on bus shelters.

Particularly attractive to the new advertisers is street furniture, he fastest growing segment of the outdoor market. It accounts for some 20% in Europe and about 5% in America.

Advertisers tend to think big and this is why they’re always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have much money to throw around. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it’s the consumer who pays...

The poor old consumer! He’d have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create mass markets for products. It’s precisely because of the advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think that the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existing ones.

Lots of people pretend they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It’s hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway bye-laws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities.

We must not forget, either, that advertisement makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!

Задания к тексту:

1. Выберите выражения, не противоречащие тексту:

a) Advertising is an insiduous form of brainwashing.

b) Advertising makes railway stations brighter.

c) One of the main functions of advertising is to inform.

d) Iit’s the consumer who pays for advertising

e) Advertising is the main source of revenue for mass-media

f) Advertising cheapens the quality of life: most advertisings are in a poor taste.