1590s, "foreigner," from outland (see outlandish) + -er (1). Probably on model of Dutch uitlander, German ausländer. In South African English it had a specific sense of "not of Boer birth" (1892) and was a loan-translation of S.African Dutch uitlander.

Old English utlendisc "of a foreign country, not native," from utland "foreign land," literally "outland" (see out + land (n.)) + -ish. Sense of "unfamiliar, strange, odd, bizarre" (such as the customs of foreigners may seem to natives) is attested from 1590s.

Old English utlaga "one put outside the law" (and thereby deprived of its benefits and protections), from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norse utlagi (n.) "outlaw," from utlagr (adj.) "outlawed, banished," from ut "out" (see out (adv.)) + *lagu, plural of lag "law" (see law).

mid-13c., "a river mouth," from out + let (v.). Electrical wiring sense is attested from 1892. Meaning "a retail store" is attested from 1933. Figurative sense "means of relief or discharge" is from 1620s.

c. 1600, "stone quarried and removed but left unused," from out (adv.) + agent noun from lie (v.2). Transferred meaning "outsider" is recorded from 1680s; "anything detached from its main body" is from 1849; geological sense is from 1833.

"mental view or survey," 1742, from out (adv.) + look (v.). The meaning "prospect for the future" is attested from 1851. Earliest sense was "a look-out" (1660s). The literal sense of "vigilant watch, act or practice of looking out" (1815) is rare; look-out being used instead for this.

1757, "military position detached from the main body of troops," from out + post (n.2). Originally in George Washington's letters. Commercial sense of "trading settlement near a frontier" is from 1802. Phrase outpost of Empire (by 1895) in later use often echoes Kipling.

mid-15c., "a pouring out," from out + infinitive of pour (v.). From 1757 as "action of pouring out," originally transferred, of things spiritual; sense of "that which is poured out" (again, usually transferred) is from 1827.

device used in Pacific and Indian oceans to stabilize canoes, 1748, altered (by influence of rig) from outligger (late 15c.) "a spar projecting from a vessel," probably from the same root as Dutch uitlegger, literally "out-lyer."

c. 1300, "completely, entirely; openly, directly; at once, without hesitation," from out (adv.) + right (adj.1)). Meaning "all at once" is attested from c. 1600. As an adjective, "direct, downright," from 1530s.

1800, from outside; figurative sense of "a person isolated from conventional society" is first recorded 1907. The sense of race horses "outside" the favorites is from 1836; hence outside chance (1909).

mid-15c., "to consume totally, use up," from out (adv.) + spend (v.). Meaning "to spend more than another or others" is from 1840. Related: Outspent; outspending. Outspent is attested from 1650s as "exhausted."