Methods: In this exoerimental
study, Wistar rat bone marrow cells were collected and identified. Then these
cells were detected by flow cytometry.Cytotoxicity of GNPs
and Saffron extract was measured by MTT assay(. Samples were divided to 3 experimental
groups and were treated with GNPs (20 µg/ml), Saffron extract (400 µg/ml), and
a combination of Saffron extract and GNPs (400 and 20 µg/ml respectively).
Differentiation effects were
investigated by alizarin red staining after 21 days and alkaline phosphates (ALP)
activity after 14 days.

Results:
Flow cytometry analysis of surface specific marker confirmed the presence of
stem cells. According to the results of MTT assay(P<0.05), the
concentrations chosen forcombination had not affect cell viability.
Alizarin red staining showed Saffron
extract and GNPs alone increased osteogenic differentiation. This effect on synergic group was higher.
Alkaline phosphates activity in the combined Saffron and GNPs group showed a
significant increase compared to the other groups.

Conclusion: According to
the findings of this study, synergic
used of Saffronextract and GNPs effectively enhance BMSCs
differentiation.