Ungarbled pepper is cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. Ungarbled pepper, green pepper and white peppercorns are actually the same fruit (Piper nigrum); the difference in their color is a reflection of varying stages of development and processing methods.
Pepper gets its spicy heat mostly from the piperine compound, which is found both in the outer fruit and in the seed.
4.8 gm pepper contains manganese 0.24 mg, vitamin K 6.88 mcg iron 1.24 mg, and dietary fiber 1.12 g.
The major producers are Vietnam, Indonesia, India, Brazil, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and China. Major exporters of Pepper are Vietnam, Indonesia, Brazil, Malaysia and India.
New York, Singapore and Rotterdam are major international trading centers for pepper.

Growing season

Fertilizer application

N(kg/hec)

P(kg/hec)

K(Kg/hec)

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Harvesting season

Uses

Pepper is mainly used as a spice and it has medicinal properties too. Pepper is sometimes used to stop light bleeding in restaurant kitchens.

Market moving factor

1.Indian pepper has maintained world standards but other pepper producing countries also set the price trend for black pepper. At present, Vietnam market sets the price trend for global market.
2.Weather and climate of major producing countries also influence the annual production of pepper.
3.Beginning stock and stocks-to-consumption ratio play significant role in determining the prices.
4.Big market players and stockiest hold the crop at the time of harvesting season in the anticipation of better prices. So such activities also influence the pepper prices.
5.Government policies and regulation with regard to imports and exports affect the prices in each country.