In his essay, Is Business Bluffing Ethical? Albert Carr contends that business, like poker, warrants a certain amount of bluffing. He holds that business is a game, and so long as all those playing are doing so with an understanding of the rules of the game, personal ethics do not necessarily apply in the same way they would in a businessperson's personal life (Carr 1968). To consider his argument, one must first come to working definitions of . Carr sees bluffing as distinguishable from lying in two important ways. First, it is done in such a way or situation that the whole truth is not expected (Carr 1968). For example, if one asks a car salesperson, What is the best price you can offer on this car? most would not expect the price he or she quotes to be the real best price. Instead, the savvy car buyer takes it as a starting point for negotiation (Allhoff 2003). Second, bluffing usually involves withholding part of the truth about a matter, rather than stating falsehoods (Carr 1968). Bluffing can therefore be consider a game strategy employed by one or more persons who withhold, misrepresent, exaggerate, or in some way allow others to misinterpret the truth to enhance the strength of their position during negotiations (Car 1968, Allhoff 2003). Business ethics is a bit more difficult to define. Chryssides and Kaler (1993) believe it is a by-product of the actions taken in a variety of ethical situations. While in part a system of normative behaviours agreed upon by the majority of those involved in business, business ethics may also be thought of as the spoken and unspoken guidelines of the business community that exist to assist those in the business world in resolving questions of conduct (Chryssides and Kaler 1993). In this paper, we will examine the ethics of bluffing and game strategy behaviour through an analysis of Carr's essay. Main points of this comparison will be related to well-known cases related to business ethics, with an integration of James...

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...words give the gist of his work:
“The essential point . . . is that the ethics of business are game ethics, different from the ethics of religion. . . ”
He is not suggesting that there are two moral/ethical codes to which a businessperson owes allegiance. He simply noticed that folks in business often seem to operate under one set of moral principles at home and another in the business world. Thebusiness world appears, on the whole, much less moral than the world of home and church. Attempting to resolve this discrepancy, he writes:
“. . . I think it is fair to sum up the prevailing attitudes of businessmen on ethics as follows: we live in what is probably the most competitive of the world’s civilized societies. Our customs encourage a high degree of aggression in individuals striving for success. . .”
His proof is largely anecdotal rather than logical. He gives stories illustrating his points but does not try to attain philosophical consistency of argument. He exempts business behavior from normal, moral judgments by calling business a “game” and arguing that it is played by its own, normal rules established by governmental regulatory code books rather than religious tenets of virtue. He writes:
“. . . Business is our main area of competition, and it has been ritualized into a game of strategy. The basic...

...﻿Running Head: BUSINESSETHICSBusinessEthics
Corporate Social Responsibility
[Name of the Writer]
[Name of the Institute]
BusinessEthics
Corporate Social Responsibility
Part A
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has acquired extensive interest throughout the previous decades, even though, it is not an innovative concept, and it certainly dates back to the early years of 1930, as stated by Eric Orts, University of Pennsylvania. Prior to the World War II, the industrialists of Germany, Walter Rathenau, declared that the corporations have turned out to be huge and that they have developed to be an important part of the community or the society. As said by Walter Rathenau, although a corporation significantly intends to pursue the personal and individual interests and revenues for the owners or the leaders of the corporation they progressively bear the mark of a responsibility and to a growing degree, have consistently assisted the private interest of individuals. Moreover, philosophers such as James H. Tufts and John Dewey, explained in their book ‘Ethics’ published in the year 1908, they promoted the idea that is not adequate to sight the corporations as a virtuous economic machine and that corporations are supposed to be included in the duties and responsibilities of the general public...

...economic difficulty. The action that will produce the greatest happiness, we must consider unhappiness or pain as well as happiness. (Shaw & Berry 2013) If the act of downsizing will save jobs for others, keep the company from going bankrupt and overall add to the overall stability of the economy, than this is best action to take. During the 2008 economic downturn, many companies had massive layoffs. At the time, many people did not see this as a small sacrifice but as the higher executives staying rich while the people on the bottom suffered the most. These executives were not depicted in a good light for keeping the companies open for business but greedy because they were awarded millions in bonuses for these actions. It seems as if they had their own economic interest in mind and not the interest of all. This is referred to as business egoism which is defended on utilitarian grounds. (Shaw & Berry 2013). However, according to John Rawl’s theory of distributive justice, social and economic inequalities these executives acted unethical because their gain did not benefit all just themselves (Shaw & Berry 2013). Their actions are not supported by this theory.
4. Break union contracts in the face of economic difficulty
This question is a difficult one for me to answer because I am not in the union but I have friends and family that are unions. I see the benefits of the unions but as someone that works in the private sector, I...

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Business
Name
Institutional Affiliation
BusinessEthics
Auditor-firm conflict
During auditing, there arise conflicts of interest since firms try to trace the financial statements that show how the management manages the tax company. The whole scenario may result to pressurizing the auditors to sign for the cleared audits despite any issue that exist between the parties.
Shareholder management conflict
Shareholders are a vital entity to the business since their share contribution is what keeps the business running. They keep on track how the business is performing since this determines the amount of dividend they will get at the end of any trading year. However, conflicts of interest do arise since shareholders possess much influence over the company’s financial statements whereas the managers will produce forged statements to calm down the shareholders (Stanwick & Stanwick, 2014). Shareholders take much interest on the external auditors since they pay their salaries.
Self-interest-professional standards conflict of interest
Most organizations are seen to suffer due to the self-interests of the leaders. For interest, the management, and the auditors may violate their professional standards where they see they can benefit in the expense of the shareholders. Such violations of standards lead to the production of inaccurate financial statements in order to cover-up the...

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BusinessEthicsBusinessEthicsEthics is how we live our lives both personally and socially. It refers to those values, norms, beliefs, and expectations that determine how people within a culture live and act (“Hartman”, 2013). This paper will discuss three different scenarios dealing with the finding and keeping of an iPod in a businessethics classroom. Each scenario will have a point of view from either personally taking the iPod, watching a friend take the iPod, or being a student on the judicial board at the school and dealing with a student accused of stealing the iPod. All of the scenarios will have certain key facts, ethical issues, alternatives, and consequences depending on the final actions of the individuals and the decision that they make regarding the iPod.
1. In scenario one you are the first person to arrive in your classroom and as you sit down you notice an iPod on the floor underneath the adjacent seat. Since no one else is in the classroom you pick it up and turn on the iPod and find it to be in perfect working condition with many of your favorite songs listed on the playlist. Some key facts that you should think about before you decide to keep the iPod or not is who sits in that seat during the class before yours. Do you know them? If you keep the iPod are they financially able to afford a new one for school? Was the iPod...

...bad behind colleague. This bad morality are not acceptable in the business world and also others sector. We should not do private things during office hours. For example, if we are a leader of an organization, we often doing personal task during office hours, how would the down line think about us. Collaboration is unacceptable by the society such as fraud happened in the organization. We can cooperation with others, but the premise is not harmful to the interests of others; Saying something hurtful behind others is very unethical, and contraindications in everywhere, it will hurt others and also harm personally. Saying good things is a virtue and why not we learn on it. In addition, if those of the evil habit have spread and allow in an organization, it will harm the organization rules and regulation and also the organization behavior, and finally it would become a unhealthy organization culture.
The last discussion is spying or eavesdrop habit. However this can be treated as dialectical reasoning. Dialectical reasoning is attempting to discover the truth about something by working one's way through a series of partial truths. In the video, one of the employee is spying or eavesdrop others people conversation. In morality we are clear spying or eavesdrop is an unethical habit, but when it can to dialectical reasoning, it may be forgiven as long as it do not harmful to the interests of others and businessethics. For example, two...

...﻿Assignment 3
1a) BusinessEthics is a professional ethics that examining ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.
The 17 key areas of concerns relating to business code in a global organization are as following:
1) Internationalbusiness
2) Health and safety
3) Protection and proper use of company asset
4) General Ethical Standards
5) Compliance with laws, rules and regulations
6) Conflict of interest
7) Equal employment opportunity
8) Anti-Harassment and sexual harassment
9) Political Payments
10) Proprietary Data
11) Insider information and securities trading
12) Antitrust or competition laws
13) Accounting systems, books and records
14) Coercion of auditors
15) Public disclosure and financial reporting
16) Employment of current or former government employees
17) Gifts
It is a form of business continuity and act as a responsibility in public interest as well as a way to symbolize professionalism. Adverse harm will be done to company like corporation collapse in extreme if weak ethics compliance in a business.
1b) It is the employee responsibility to report the behavior which is ethic violation.
After suspecting the unethical behavior, I will...

...﻿BusinessethicsBusinessethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethicsor professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations.
Businessethics has normative and descriptive dimensions. As a corporate practice and a career specialization, the field is primarily normative. Academics attempting to understand business behavior employ descriptive methods. The range and quantity of business ethical issues reflects the interaction of profit-maximizing behavior with non-economic concerns. Interest in businessethics accelerated dramatically during the 1980s and 1990s, both within major corporations and within academia. For example, today most major corporations promote their commitment to non-economic values under headings such as ethics codes and social responsibility charters. Adam Smith said, "People of the same trade seldom meet together, even for merriment and diversion, but the conversation ends in a conspiracy against the public, or in some contrivance to raise prices." Governments use laws and regulations to point business behavior in what they perceive...