events in the normal flow of human growth and evolution whereby a dramatic change or shift occurs that produces abnormal responses

situational crises

emerges with the occurrence of uncommon and extraordinary events that an individual has no way of forecasting or controlling

existential crises

includes the inner conflicts and anxieties that accompany important human issues of purpose, responsibility, independence, freedom, and commitment

ecosystemic crises

occur when some natural or human-caused disaster overtakes a person or a group of people who find themselves, through no fault or action of their own, inundated in the aftermath of an event that may adversely affect virtually every member of the environment in which they live