This class includes vehicles, adapted to travel on land and
not elsewhere classified. The term "vehicle" includes
some form of running gear as an essential element, which running
gear usually supports a load carrier, but may support a load directly,
and adapts the vehicle to move over a surface. The basic purpose
of those devices commonly called vehicles is the carrying of a load,
either freight or passengers, from one place to another. The idea
of towing a load, as by locomotives, traction engines, or tractors,
has also long been associated with the term "vehicle."

(1)Note. The term "vehicle" also includes devices
that are for special purposes identical with those in which a form
of running gear is an essential element, and further includes such
attachments for vehicles as are not limited in their position to
any particular part of the vehicle.

(2)Note. This class includes the combination between running
gear and load carriers not otherwise classified.

(3)Note. The running gear of various portable machines is also
included when the machine is not claimed or is claimed by name only
and the running gear is capable of general use. However, when the
claimed running gear is solely disclosed for an agricultural, earth
working, or harvesting implement, proper classification is in the appropriate
agricultural, earth working, or harvesting implement class, even
without specific claimed limitations of such agricultural, earth
working, or harvesting implement. See the class definition (Class
280), EARTH OR TRAVELED SURFACE, TRAVERSING AND WORKING OR TREATING
DEVICES,and also subclass 400 herein,
the (1) Note, directed to an articulated vehicle or plural interconnected vehicles
(i.e., a vehicle train).

(4)Note. The relationship of vehicles which are primarily intended
for transportation purposes to working devices of various types,
which may or may not travel while performing their primary function,
and to various related arts is discussed in the following search
notes presented in the sequence of the following "OUTLINE
OF NOTES."

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Where the articulated vehicle is solely disclosed for use in
an earth working or harvesting environment, the proper classification
is in Class 172, Earth Working. No specific recitation in the claims
of an earth working implement or harvester is necessary to cause
an assignment in Class 172. Thus, where the articulative feature is
disclosed solely in the performance of an earth working or harvesting
operation, the body of art is not collected in Class 280. See (3)
Note in the class definition above.

See References to Other Classes, below, for classes related
to the following art areas:

A. COMBINED WITH EXTERNAL MEANS OR DEVICES:

1. Remote control;

2. With external loading or unloading means;

3. With rails or tracks.

B. CONVERTIBLE:

1. To nonvehicular devices: (a. To work platforms; b. Miscellaneous);

2. To different types of vehicle.

This class (Class 280) provides for general utility land vehicles
having both wheels and runners; for velocipedes convertible to or
from plural occupant forms; for velocipedes convertible to or from
occupant propulsion; for miscellaneous convertible velocipedes;
for general utility wheeled land vehicles convertible to nonvehicular
devices; for vehicles convertible to work platforms including means
interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running
gear thereof for altering height or levelness or including vertical
adjustment of a wheel upon the running gear; for tiltable, handle-propelled
wheeled vehicles convertible to devices having no load transporting
function; or miscellaneous convertible articulated vehicles. See
Subclass References to the Class, below, for references to these
areas.

C. EARTH OR TRAVELED SURFACE TRAVERSING AND WORKING OR TREATING
DEVICES:

These devices commonly perform their main function of physically
treating or affecting the surface while traveling and are equipped
with running gear generally equivalent to the vehicular type. Portable
or transportable machines having proximate function unrelated to
transporting, supporting, or handling material or distributing material
during traverse are seldom included in this class (Class 280), but
will be found in the class appropriate to the type of work performed,
e.g., agitating, ironing, comminuting, etc. However, subcombinations pertaining
to the running gear of various art devices may be classified in
Class 280 if of general utility.

1. Traversing type. The load is usually distributed over or
gathered from the area traversed by the vehicle;

2. Miscellaneous. These devices include vehicles which are
loaded or unloaded while stationary also handling mechanisms which
are ordinarily used to perform their chief function while stationary,
running gear being provided for convenience in moving the device
from place to place.

E. VEHICLE TYPES OTHERWISE CLASSIFIED

1. Water;

2. Rail;

3. Motor;

4. Receptacle and support types. The distinction between receptacles
and supports provided with wheels and land vehicles has not been
clearly established, and many warehouse and factory type trucks
and work supports will be found in Class 280, Land Vehicles, and
in the classes in References to Other Classes, below, that reference
this section, without any stated line or perceptible distinction.

Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 78+ for street sweepers and subclass 340 for vacuum
sweepers having vehicular features. (Earth or Traveled Surface,
Traversing and Working or Treating Devices)

Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),
subclasses 111+ for extensible or movable portable towers, and
subclass 143 for a building with a transportation feature, and see
the reference to Class 105 in the class definition of that class.
(Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Receptacle and support type)

Harvesters,
subclasses 10.1+ for a harvester driven by a motor or tractor; subclasses
253+, 258+, 269+, and 272+ for
wheeled cutters; subclasses 380+, 384+, and 396+ for
wheeled horse rakes; and subclasses 6+ for multiple trailing
or ganged machines. (Earth or Traveled Surface, Traversing and
Working or Treating Devices)

Ships,
subclass 312for external control of submarines, subclass 21.1
for external control of torpedoes, and subclass 144 for external
control of ships. (Combined With External Means or Devices, Remote
control)

Heat Exchange,
subclasses 44+ for a heat exchanger installed on a vehicle and
appropriate subclasses for a heat exchanger, per se. (Vehicle Parts,
Installations, Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

Earth Working,
subclasses 669+ and the subclasses there noted for earth working
apparatus with a wheel or supported on a wheeled frame. (Earth
or Traveled Surface, Traversing and Working or Treating Devices)

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 2.7for a motor vehicle having its motor supplied from
an external source; subclasses 167+ for a motor vehicle provided
with means for controlling its operation which is responsive to
electromagnetic radiation, magnetic force, or sound waves received
from a source, or reflected from an object or surface, which is
located apart from the vehicle; and subclass 401 for a motor vehicle
having steering gear of the power assisted type and wherein the
operation of the power steering is controlled by a terrestrial guide. (Combined
With External Means or Devices, Remote control)

Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold,
subclasses 10+ for a fire escape car carrier with a stationary
strand and subclasses 36+ for a track mounted device of
that class. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With rails
or tracks)

Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,
subclasses 130+ and 146+ for sprayers with ambulant discharge
and supply; subclasses 722+ for sprayers with stationary
supply and ambulant discharge; subclasses 650+ for a container
for nonfluid material and means for scattering or strewing the material,
in which the container may be ambulant. (Self Loading and/or
Unloading Vehicles and Portable Material Hand­ling Devices,
Traversing type)

Aeronautics and Astronautics,
subclasses 75 through 99.9and the classes specified in the Notes thereto
for apparatus and devices for controlling aircraft and other mobile
craft. See subclasses 175+ and the classes specified in
the Notes thereto for the classes which provide for the remote control
by electrical means of aircraft and other vehicles and for a statement
as to the lines between the classes. (Combined With External Means
or Devices, Remote control)

Chairs and Seats,
subclasses 1+ for a chair or seat convertible from wheel mounted
to nonwheel mounted device by reorienting the chair or seat and
subclasses 130+ for a chair or seat having alternately
usable supporting devices, as wheels, rockers, suspending hangers
and the like. (Convertible, To nonvehicular devices, Miscellaneous)

Chairs and Seats, appropriate subclasses for seat of general utility.
This class (280) takes the combination of one or more seats and
a vehicle. See the search notes in the class definition of Class
297 for the line. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and
Furnishings; Bodies)

Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, for wheel substitutes, per se. Class 305 takes
patents claiming a vehicle and wheel substitute combination, where
the vehicle is only nominally recited in the claims. (Vehicle Parts, Installations,
Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)

Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 16for electric motors for steering where a rudder
or steering means is claimed broadly, with or without radio control
of said motor. (Combined With External Means or Devices, Remote
control)

Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices,
subclasses 6+ for a vehicle responsive parking meter and subclasses
1+ for an horological device acted upon by a disparate device.
(Combined With External Means or Devices, Remote control)

Material or Article Handling,
subclasses 333 through 402for the combination of a vehicle of the load transporting
type and means external of the vehicle for loading or unloading
the vehicle. (Combined With External Means or Devices, With external
loading or unloading means)

Material or Article Handling,
subclasses 595+ for an elevator or hoist and loading or unloading
means therefor and wherein the elevator or hoist is on an inclined
track (Combined With External Means or Devices, With rails or tracks)

Material or Article Handling,
subclasses 227+ for apparatus particularly adapted for charging or
discharging a facility comprising one or more sites for the parking
of wheeled vehicles. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments and
Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

Amusement Devices: Toys,
subclasses 270+ for a wheeled figure toy having sounder, subclass
297 for a figure toy having a sounder, subclasses 188+ for
air operated sounders, and subclasses 397+ for other sounding
toys.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles which are mounted upon rockers so as to cause the
vehicle to travel on a supporting surface, either by reason of plural
rockers which may be extended or retracted relative to one another
or by reason of brakes, rollers or swing arms applied to or cooperating
with the rockers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles which progress by advancing supporting means alternately
either at opposite sides, as in walking (this subclass) or at opposite ends,
as in galloping (indented subclasses), or which have an alternately
advanced and retracted pusher.

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 187for a motor vehicle which includes one or more
ski-like or runner members and wherein the vehicle is provided with at
least one surface-engaging propulsion element and further wherein
the element has a shuffling movement along the surface which supports
it; and subclasses 8.1+ for a motor vehicle having a special
driving device in the nature of a stepper.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.181. Vehicles having supports attached to the occupant supporting
portion at longitudinally spaced points and arranged to swing alternately.
If the supports are provided with wheels, they have means to prevent
retrograde movement, or they are driven positively by the relative
movement of the supports.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.182. Vehicles in which the relative spreading apart from and
approach toward each other of the supports is brought about by the
action of the rider"s weight upon the saddle or the stirrups, the
saddle or stirrups having relatively movable connection with the
parts to be moved.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.182. Vehicles in which there is present some means, in addition
to the two relatively approaching and separating supports to engage
the ground or surface over which the vehicle moves, either to stabilize
the figure, assist in propelling it, or impart a different type
of motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Velocipede simulations in which the occupant is not seated
on the figure in the manner in which a horse is ordinarily ridden.

(1)Note. Arrangements in which the occupant is supported within
the figure, stands on it or is seated in a chair which does not
take the place of the back of the figure or serve as a mere substitute
for a saddle are included.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles in which the vehicle may be converted to a vehicle
of the nonsimulating type because of the removability of the figure,
or changed to a nonprogressive type, or in which the manner for
causing progression may be changed or the vehicle or parts thereof
may be made larger or smaller to suit occupants of different sizes.

(1)Note. Mere change in the adjustment of relatively movable
linkages or springs to control the force necessary to be supplied
is not included unless the point at which the rider"s effort
is applied is also changed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles claimed in combination with auxiliary features
such as brakes, rider mounting steps, velocipede pushing handles,
props, fixed guides, etc. not essential to the primary function
of the velocipedes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles in which the advance of the vehicle along the ground
is or may be accompanied by movement of the rider"s body.
The movement usually actuates the propelling mechanism or assists
in actuating it, but it may be merely a bouncing movement on spring
mounted saddles or figure parts which are unrelated to the propelling
means of the velocipede.

(1)Note. Motion of merely the feet or arms of the rider is not
included.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192. Vehicles having means which produce progression of the figure
actuated by either the feet or the hands of the rider, through parts
relatively movably connected to the propulsion system either as
the primary actuating means or as an aid to rider body actuation.
In the former case, the figure must be interconnected to the propulsion
mechanism.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192. Velocipedes in which steering means comprising a single
rigid member or a plurality of rigid members linked together passes
through the moving figure body in such a way as to allow vertical
movement of the body relative to the point at which the steering
impulse is transmitted to the running gear of the velocipede.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192. Vehicles in which the figure pivots about a horizontal axis
extending through the chassis and through a fixed point in the central
portion of the trunk of the figure, the motion of the rider"s body
being transmitted to a drive for the vehicle through the figure
motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles having the entire figure or body parts thereof,
such as ears, tails, heads, legs, mounted so as to be movable relative
to the base, running gear or other parts, usually for simulating
their natural movement on the living animal. Movement to provide
access openings is included.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.201. Vehicles in which the foreparts of the figure are movably
mounted for steering, being directly or indirectly connected to
the turning portion of the running gear.

(1)Note. Either the head or feet, or both, may turn for steering
(this subclass) or the entire forepart of the animal may be hinged
to the body along a vertical line (indented subclass).

(2)Note. If the head is nonrigidly connected to the steering
running gear, it must transmit the steering impulse.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.202. Vehicles in which the steering body foreparts are hinged
to the figure"s body hindparts along a generally vertical
line falling between the front and rear legs or supports of the
figure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Vehicles in which the propulsion of the vehicle or the turning
of the wheels or supports for steering is caused by the rider"s
pulling on the reins.

(1)Note. In this subclass, the head does not turn relative to
the body, but patents from subclasses 1.201+ are cross-referenced
herein when the reins are relatively movably connected to the steering point,
even though the head also turns.

for figures in which the head or fore-parts turn
relatively to the body, the steered ground engaging means usually
being rigid with the head or forefeet. The head may be turned by pulling
on the reins. See (1) Note.

This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13. Velocipedes in which the figure is constructed as a shell
or in which a solid body has been provided with one or more openings
or cavities, usually to accommodate operating parts of the progressing
mechanism.

(1)Note. Bodies having apertures to receive nonmoving parts
which fit more or less closely therein are not considered to be hollow
within the meaning of this definition.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. A vehicle having a means adapted to engage the body of a
walking attendant other than means adapted to be engaged by the
hands or feet, the body engaging means being for the purpose of
propelling the vehicle or sustaining some of the load carried by
the vehicle.

(1)Note. An agricultural implement claimed by name only is considered
a vehicle for purposes of this definition.

for a vehicle including means, interposed between
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for
altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame
for the proximate utility of facilitating cargo movement which may
entail lowering the cargo support surface below the usual running
gear level.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicles (a) constructed to permit its parts to be arranged
for, or (b) having means combined therewith for ascending or descending
steps or similar obstructions.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2. Vehicles having endless traction elements (a) shiftably
mounted from a normal tractive position to a second position angularly
disposed on the vehicle to contact the edge portion of a step or
abutment to propel the vehicle while in upright position at an incline
to the horizontal, or (b) which are designed to have one portion active
while traveling horizontally and a second portion active while ascending
or descending a step or abutment, or (c) which are auxiliary to
the normal running gear to provide a secondary traction means operative
only when ascending or descending steps or the like.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2. Vehicles having a plate-like surface or rollerway positioned
on the vehicle and designed to engage the edge portion of the step
or abutment to facilitate movement of the vehicle thereacross.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2. Vehicles comprising a spider-like means pivotally mounted
on a vehicle in position to permit the legs of the spider to engage
the tread portions of successive steps or levels of a path.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2. Vehicles in which the running gear comprises spaced ground
engaging portions, which portions are mounted for relative movement
to permit variations in the relative vertical or horizontal distances
between said portions to facilitate movement over a step or abutment.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicle comprising a regulatable elastic means intermediate
a vehicle body, chassis, or frame and ground engaging means thereof
for supporting the weight of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame
(i.e., sprung mass) upon the ground engaging means (e.g., axle,
runner, ski, skid, sled, tire, unsprung mass, wheel, wheel assembly,
wheel carrier) wherein the regulatable elastic means is caused to
alter its elasticity property responsive to a force encountered while
the vehicle is in surface traversing motion to control a handling
or ride posture characteristic of the vehicle.

(2)Note. A named "vehicle suspension system or unit," per
se, lacking the limitation of responsiveness to a force associated
with a vehicle in traveling motion is not properly classifiable herein.
Thus, the feature of a "vehicle suspension system or unit" responding
to a "load or loading condition," lacking a specific
vehicular traversing motion limitation by either sole disclosure
of dynamic loading experienced by the regulatable elastic means
or explicit claim language, is not proper for classification in
this or the indented subclasses but is provided for later in the
class schedule.

for a general utility land vehicle including means
interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running
gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body,
chassis, or frame without vehicular traversing motion.

for wheeled occupant-propelled-type land vehicle
running gear, especially subclasses 274+ or 281.1+.
Additionally, in accordance with the (2) Note of subclass 200,
motorcycle frames and running gear, without features causing classification
in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses.

Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses, for a general utility self-propelled
land vehicle including a feature as specified in Class 180 definition. Class
180 is superior to Class 280 in the class hierarchy.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter comprising means for detecting a perceived
abnormal handling or ride posture characteristic presenting a potentially
life threatening situation during surface traversing motion whereby
the regulatable elastic means is caused to alter its elasticity
property so as to assume a predefined state.

(1)Note. Fail-safe override requires a positive action by the
regulatable elastic means upon the detection of a perceived abnormal
handling or ride posture characteristic. The positive action may
entail control elimination or attainment of a preordained position
of the regulatable elastic means.

(2)Note. A suspension having regulatable elastic means that
is merely preferentially operated while the vehicle is experiencing
normal handling or ride posture characteristics is not proper for
classification in this subclass and the subclass indented hereunder
but rather belongs in an appropriate subclass provided later in the
class schedule.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.501. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is
caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern transverse
or sideways vehicle body, chassis, or frame posture in relation
to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.

(1)Note. The regulatable elastic means acts to change the transverse
or sideways angulation of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in
relation to the travel direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is
caused to alter its elasticity property responsive to multiple,
individual handling or ride posture, characteristics encountered
while the vehicle is in normal surface traversing motion and one
of the encountered handling or ride posture characteristics dominates
the response of the regulatable elastic means.

(1)Note. The phrase "normal surface traversing motion" is
employed to distinguish from a perceived abnormal handling or ride
posture condition which is provided for earlier in the class schedule.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter comprising (a) supporting shafts or members
for the ground engaging means positioned at front and rear ends
of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; (b) regulatable elastic means
being disposed at each end of the vehicle; and (c) the regulatable
elastic means are cooperatively regulated.

(1)Note. Regulatable elastic means positioned at front and rear
ends of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame without the inclusion
of the supporting shafts or members are not proper for classification in
this subclass or those indented hereunder.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.504. Subject matter wherein (a) the regulatable elastic means
are additionally located upon opposite sides of the vehicle body,
chassis, or frame centerline and (b) the cooperative regulation
of the elastic means occurs upon opposite ends and opposite sides
of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.504. Subject matter wherein the cooperative regulation of the
longitudinally spaced regulatable elastic means governs transverse
or sideways vehicle body, chassis, or frame posture in relation
to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.

(1)Note. Adjustment occurs upon each longitudinally spaced vehicle
axle. Control of lateral vehicle attitude by regulatable elastic
means upon a single vehicle axle is not proper for classification
in this subclass but is provided for later in the class schedule.

(2)Note. The regulatable elastic means acts to change the transverse
or sideways angulation of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in
relation to the travel direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is
caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern both transverse
or sideways and front-to-rear or fore-and-aft posture of the vehicle
body, chassis, or frame in relation to the vehicle body, chassis,
or frame centerline.

(1)Note. A suspension system providing lateral and longitudinal
attitude control including longitudinally spaced front and rear
vehicle axles is not proper for classification in this subclass.

(2)Note. A suspension system separately providing, as claimed,
for either lateral or longitudinal attitude control is not proper
for classification in this subclass. Such a suspension system belongs
in a subclass provided later in the class schedule for the respective
lateral or longitudinal attitude control being claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is
caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern sideways
or transverse posture of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in
relation to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.

(1)Note. The regulatable elastic means acts to change the transverse
or sideways angulation of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in
relation to the direction of travel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.508. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means inclines
or tilts the vehicle body, chassis, or frame toward a center of
curvature about which the vehicle is executing arcuate travel to overcompensate
for resultant centrifugal force experienced by the vehicle executing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.508. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means responds
to operation of a mechanism causing the vehicle to execute arcuate
travel.

(1)Note. The mere inclusion of terminology associated with arcuate
travel of a vehicle, such as steered, turned, or turning, without
a limitation indicative of operation of means for executing such arcuate
travel of the vehicle does not render classification proper for
this or the indented subclasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.51. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means includes
an elongated rod, shaft, or tube having a long axis and providing
a springing action through twisting about the long axis (torque
deformation) upon which the regulative action is administered.

(1)Note. The mere inclusion of a sway or torsion bar does not
cause assignment to this subclass unless a regulative action is applied
to such sway or torsion bar.

for a mechanical hardware or structural assembly
suspension arrangement for preventing sideways or transverse tilt
of a vehicle body, chassis, or frame including a sway or torsion
bar interconnecting laterally opposed wheel suspension units.

for a suspension arrangement of a wheel separately
supported upon an individual skein or spindle axle; especially subclass
124.13 wherein a longitudinally extending swinging arm includes
stabilizing means within the connection housing of the swinging arm
pivot to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; subclass 124.137 wherein an
upper and lower lateral control arm suspension includes a torsion
bar; subclass 124.149 wherein a lateral control arm and vertical
strut suspension includes a torsion stabilizer; or subclass 124.152
wherein a lateral control arm suspension includes a stabilizer bar.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is
caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern front-to-rear
or fore-and-aft posture of the vehicle body, chassis or frame along
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is
caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern distance
from various points of a vehicle body, chassis, or frame to the
travel surface or vertical separation from running gear components.

(1)Note. This subclass provides for adjusting or maintaining
a physically dimensioned separation gap (e.g., "trim height," etc.)
between a vehicle body, chassis or frame and land or running gear
components, as contrasted with the lateral or longitudinal vehicle
attitude or disposition subclasses provided earlier in the class
schedule whose proximate utility is regulation of the posture of
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame, although the vehicle attitude
or disposition subclasses may inherently alter riding or suspension
height.

(2)Note. Fluid suspension systems including a "level
control valve" provided with means for adjustment of the
trip point thereof responding to changes of static loading are not
proper for this subclass but are provided for later in the class schedule.

for body elevation or tilt adjustment of a vehicle
due to a static load imposed upon the suspension including adjustment
of a trip point of a "level control valve" within
a fluid suspension system. See the (2) Note supra.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5. Subject matter wherein the regulatable elastic means is
caused to alter its elasticity property so as to govern the extent
of travel surface induced vibrational force experienced by a vehicle
occupant.

for a suspension arrangement including control means
which establish riding or trim height of the vehicle suspension
arrangement due to a static load for enabling proper running gear operation,
which may or may not involve adjustment of suspension stiffness.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.515. Subject matter comprising (a) means upon the vehicle for
detecting land surface irregularities spatially positioned from
the regulated elastic means and (b) the regulatable elastic means
is caused to alter its elasticity property responsive thereto.

(1)Note. Included herein are "road surface detectors" relying
upon a transient signal from an element of another regulatable elastic
means to signify the road surface condition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.515. Subject matter comprising selection of an elasticity or
resiliency value from among discrete, multiple relative elasticity
or resiliency values, with each elasticity or resiliency value representing
a defined ride firmness.

(2)Note. The spatial relationship herein provides for other
than vertical separation of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame
from running gear components which is specifically provided in subclass
5.514 earlier in the class schedule.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.52. Subject matter wherein the spatial relationship governs
an inclination or tilt of (a) a wheel relative to the ground surface
as measured in degrees from true vertical (i.e., camber) or (b)
a steering axis relative to the center line of the wheel as measured
in degrees from true vertical (i.e., caster).

(1)Note. Camber is the tilting inward (negative camber) or outward
(positive camber) of the top of the wheel as viewed from the front
of the vehicle.

(2)Note. Caster is the tilting forward (negative caster) or
backward (positive caster) of a line extending through upper and lower
ball joints or a kingpin as viewed from the side of the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5.52. Subject matter wherein the spatial relationship governs
a difference in distance between extreme front and rear edges of
laterally opposed wheels relative to the longitudinal centerline
of the vehicle.

(1)Note. "Toe-in" results when the distance difference
for the extreme front edges is smaller than for the extreme rear
edges. "Toe-out" results when the distance difference
for the extreme front edges is greater than for the extreme rear
edges.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Vehicle comprising means disposed between that portion of
a land vehicle which operates as a load, load carrier, or receptacle and
running gear for vertically predisposing the load, load carrier,
or receptacle at a distance from either the land surface or from
the running gear to achieve change in height or level.

(2)Note. Means for vertically positioning a wheel relative to
running gear for the purpose of altering a dimension of the vehicle
or a part thereof is not proper for classification in this subclass
or subclasses indented hereunder. Such subject matter is provided
for later in the class schedule.

(3)Note. The means changes height or levelness for other than
transient excursions. Adjustment or establishment of riding or suspension
height of a vehicle body, chassis, or frame in response to a force
encountered while the vehicle is executing surface travel is provided
for earlier in this class (Class 280).

for a vehicle comprising a running gear and a wheel
means, and means whereby the wheel means may be vertically adjusted
relative to the running gear for the purpose of altering a dimension
of the vehicle or a part thereof.

Earth Working, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 395+ for earth working apparatus comprising vertically
adjustable wheels; subclasses 400+ for means interconnecting
the wheels of an earth working implement whereby they may be moved,
simultaneously, vertically with respect to the frame; subclass 406
for an earth working apparatus with an actuator for adjusting wheels
on different axles and an additional actuator for changing the relative
position of the wheels; subclasses 446+ for laterally adjustable earth
working tools which may involve a leveling feature; subclasses 459+ for
an earth working element which is swingable about an axis which
extends substantially in the direction of movement of the apparatus
over the ground; or subclass 466 for an earth working tool which
is lifted and held raised for transport by a means other than the
lifting means.

Land Vehicles: Dumping, appropriate subclasses for vehicles other than track
or rail vehicles adapted to carry a load with means to manipulate
the vehicle so that a considerable part of the load will move by
gravity to unload the vehicle.

for a vehicle having a vertically adjustable wheel
for altering a dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof wherein
the wheel axis may be moved to a position above the load carrying surface
of the vehicle.

for articulated vehicles including a semitrailer
provided with power or manually actuated lift means on the tractor
or reacting between the tractor and trailer to vertically position
the connecting members (a) for coupling or (b) to raise the trailer
after coupling.

Land Vehicles: Dumping, appropriate subclasses for vehicles other than track
or rail vehicles adapted to carry a load with means to manipulate
the vehicle so that a considerable part of the load will move by
gravity to unload the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 6.15. Subject matter comprising predisposing of the load, load
carrier, or receptacle portion in a level attitude, irrespective
of the surface contour beneath the vehicle, at a singular, stationary
location.

(1)Note. Included herein are leveling means employing elements
of the running gear. Leveling means involving attachments or auxiliary
devices are not proper for classification in this subclass unless
they are interrelated with an element of the running gear.

(2)Note. Level attitude for the purpose of this subclass is
intended to be absolute level (i.e., parallel to a flat horizontal plane).

for articulated vehicles provided with ground engaging
support means to partially support one of the vehicles when uncoupled
from the other vehicle, wherein the support means is in a retracted
or inoperative position when the vehicles are coupled.

(1)Note. The presence of a gravity induced alteration control
is included in this and the indented subclasses.

(2)Note. This and the indented subclasses are intended to position
the load, load carrier, or receptacle portion in an appropriate
attitude for prolonged travel upon a hillside or other protracted,
nonlevel land configuration. Accordingly, load, load carrier, or
receptacle vertical positioning occurring from encountering rough
or uneven terrain is not proper for this or the indented subclasses.
Such rough or uneven terrain adjustment is a normal function of
a suspension system and is provided for earlier in the class schedule
if suspension adjustment is caused to occur in response to a force encountered
while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion or in an appropriate
subclass elsewhere.

This subclass is indented under subclass 6.154. Subject matter comprising (a) separately mounted running
gear positioned upon each side of the vehicle body, chassis, or
frame; and (b) means to create vertical movement of at least one
of the running gear.

(2)Note. Running gear comprising a single transverse axle either
pivotally mounted or having a crank axle on each end is not to be
considered separately mounted running gear proper for classification
in this or the indented subclass but is provided for earlier in
the class schedule.

This subclass is indented under subclass 6.155. Subject matter wherein at least one vertically movable laterally
positioned running gear is supported upon an elongate member pivotally mounted
about a laterally directed axis.

(1)Note. Included herein are riding or trim height establishing
suspensions provided with delay means inhibiting or precluding a
response to excursions of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame while
the vehicle is in motion.

for a riding or trim height establishing suspension
including means responding while the vehicle is in motion for superseding
riding or trim height control. See the (3) Note under subclass 6.15
of this class.

for a riding or trim height establishing suspension,
which may or may not be responsive to a distribution or quantity
of payload placed in or upon the vehicle, including means deferring incipient
operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 6.159. Subject matter wherein the riding or trim height adjustment
controls the sideways or transverse disposition of the vehicle relative
to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.

(1)Note. Either a specific limitation directed to controlling
lateral disposition or sole disclosure of controlling the running
gear at lateral sides of a single vehicle axle are required for
placement in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 830. Vehicle comprising (a) means for keeping the tank or boiler
portion of a vehicle level responsive to a means sensing an actual
or incipient nonlevel condition, or (b) an adjustable means extending
between the running gear and the tank or boiler of the vehicle which
is operative to level the tank or boiler.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Velocipedes in which the parts may be manipulated to convert
the vehicle into some other device or some other type of vehicle.

(1)Note. Velocipedes are those vehicles including skates, adapted
to be propelled by the occupant including those pushed by the occupant
by contact of the hands or feet with the surface over which the vehicle
moves.

Chairs and Seats,
subclasses 1+ for chair or seat convertible from wheel mounted
to nonwheel mounted by reorienting the entire device, and subclasses
130+ for a chair or seat having alternately usable supporting
devices, as wheels, rockers, suspending hangers and the like.

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 196for a motor vehicle which includes one or more
ski-like or runner members and wherein the vehicle is provided with at
least one surface-engaging propulsion element and further wherein
the element comprises a traction wheel.

for a vehicle constructed in such manner that the
physical dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof may change or
vary, particularly subclasses 639+ wherein the vehicle
is foldable to a collapsed or more compact form or subclasses 43+ wherein
the vehicle is provided with vertically adjustable wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Skates provided with means to cause them to move relative
to the surface on which they are supported, which means is driven
by the manual effort of the person utilizing the skates.

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 181for a motor vehicle of the ski- or skate-type for
imparting movement to a person standing thereon and wherein the power
means or a portion thereof is affixed to or built into the ski or
skate.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12. Skates in which the skate is made up of two or more runner
supported sections pivotally connected, or in which the foot supports
are movably jointed to the runners.

This subclass is indented under subclass 841. Devices in which the means to attach or secure a skate to
a rider"s shoe are claimed. The mere inclusion of the
runner or wheels broadly will not keep the patent out of this subclass.

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 187for a motor vehicle which includes one or more
ski-like or runner members and wherein the vehicle is provided with at
least one surface-engaging propulsion element and further wherein
the element has a shuffling movement along the surface which supports
it.

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 196for a motor vehicle which includes one or more
ski-like or runner members and wherein the vehicle is provided with at
least one surface-engaging propulsion element and further wherein
the element comprises a traction wheel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles using standard snow skis, normally attached to
individual feet of a standing occupant, as the slidable surface
attached to some occupant or load supporting structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Subject matter wherein a floor (i.e., platform) of the
vehicle is adapted to support both feet of an occupant in standing
position and intended primarily to coast down a snow slope or ice (i.e.,
supporting surface).

(1)Note. These vehicles are analogous to skateboards or surfboards
but may be used on snow or ice.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.22. Subject matter wherein the feet securing and devices
fastenings are connected by a linkage mechanism which allows both
feet to be simultaneously detached from the feet securing and fastening
devices.

This subclass is indented under subclass 14.22. Subject matter includes a pivot connection of each binding
to the platform which allows the bindings to move to selected positions
about an passing perpendicular through the platform.

This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1. Vehicles in which a steering effect results from the rotation
of the runners about their longitudinal axes relative to the load
or occupant support platform.

This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Vehicles equipped with auxiliary runners in addition to
the primary running surface.

(1)Note. The vehicle is stable on its primary sliding surface,
the auxiliary runners being normally out of engagement with the
ground. The auxiliary runners may be located laterally to prevent
overturn, on the bottom to provide additional support in loose snow
or on top to enable the vehicle to be inverted for use.

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 164for a motor vehicle provided with means for creating
a fluid force to attract the vehicle to the surface upon which it travels;
subclasses 116+ for a motor vehicle of the surface effect
type; subclasses 180+ for a ski- or skate-type vehicle
for imparting movement to a person standing thereon; subclasses 182+ for
a motor vehicle which includes one or more ski-like or runner members;
and subclasses 7.1+ for a motor vehicle having a special
driving device. Class 180 takes all wheel substitute vehicles,
unless (a) a claim is drawn to a vehicle other than a motor vehicle,
or (b) the claimed vehicle is identified as only a nonmotor vehicle
in the specific disclosure, noting (a) and (b) do not apply to the special
suction and surface effect vehicles.

Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, for wheel substitutes, per se. Class 305 takes
patents claiming the combination of a wheel substitute and a vehicle,
if the vehicle is only nominally recited in the claims. Expressions
such as a vehicle frame, an axle, a pivotal connection between the vehicle
frame and the wheel substitute are considered mere nominal recitations
of vehicle structure and would be classified in Class 305 if the
claim is otherwise directed to a wheel substitute apparatus.

for a general utility land vehicle including means,
interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running
gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body,
chassis, or frame.

for a land vehicle provided with ground engaging
means of both wheel and runner construction wherein either the wheel
or the runner may be moved to an inoperative position, leaving the
other in position for use.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles comprising (a) a support means such as a seat,
body rest or platform, for a person engaged in manual labor on or
adjacent the ground, or (b) a shade for such a person combined with
a load carrying means.

(1)Note. The person may drive or steer the vehicle in addition
to laboring adjacent the ground, but merely driving, steering or
riding on the vehicle is not within the subclass definition.

(2)Note. The vehicles in the subclass are usually for supporting
or shading persons engaged in planting, cultivating, harvesting,
corn detasseling or the like. If a tool is used, it is one that
is held in the hand.

Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold,
subclass 129for nonwheeled workmen"s supports (e.g.,
kneeling base type) combined with receptacles (as for soap, brush,
etc.) and subclass 230 for the workman"s support, per se.
See the search note in subclass 230 for the line with similar devices
used by nonworkers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Apparatus comprising a wheeled vehicle having a seat or
station adapted to carry an operator or attendant and also adapted
for attachment to another vehicle (e.g., an agricultural implement).

(1)Note. The wheeled vehicle must not carry any load other than
the operator and must not support any of the weight of the implement
when in operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles which are constructed so that they will interfit
with one another to permit parts of one to be received partially
within the boundaries of another to produce a nesting relation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 33.991. Vehicles provided with attachments or accessories such as
special handles, signs, load indicators, means to prevent theft,
writing pads or calculator holders, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 33.991. Vehicles provided with perfecting features to facilitate
the unloading or removal of a basket or otherwise assist in transferring
purchased items to a checkout counter.

for a vehicle which is unstable when in transporting
position and has vertically adjustable ground engaging means and
which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle
is attached.

This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Vehicle comprising a running gear and wheel means, and means
whereby the wheel means may be selectively held in different positions vertically
relative to the running gear.

(1)Note. Running gear is defined as the structural assembly
connecting a wheel to a vehicle body, chassis, or frame comprising
an axle, control arm, link, shock absorber, spring, strut, etc.

for a vehicle including suspension modification
enacted as a result of a force encountered during travel, especially
subclass 5.514 where the modification provides a regulation of riding
or suspension height.

for a vehicle including means, interposed between
the vehicle body, chassis or frame and running gear thereof, for
altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame,
especially subclasses 6.157+ wherein the height or levelness
regulation is for the proximate utility of positioning the vehicle
body, chassis, or frame in a posture to enable proper operation of
the suspension mechanism.

for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including
an auxiliary axle assembly which is selectively deployed in either
a use or nonuse position so as to assist the primary running gear
when in the use position.

Earth Working,
subclasses 395+ for devices comprising an earth working element,
a mounting frame therefor, and a vertically adjustable ground support
for said frame. The earth working element must be separately mentioned
in the body of the claim for classification in Class 172. A claim merely
to a frame and relatively adjustable vertical wheels is classified in
Class 280 even if the device is identified as an earth working implement in
the claim preamble.

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 24.02for a motor vehicle having a wheel arrangement
comprising five or more wheels and wherein one of the wheels is adjustably,
or otherwise, mounted to move vertically for the purpose of modifying
the proportion of the load imposed upon at least one other wheel of
the vehicle; and subclass 209 for a motor vehicle having a special
wheel base and provided with means which may comprise means for
changing the number of wheels utilized to support the vehicle, which
change may involve moving at least one of the wheels vertically.

Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or
Pulling Force,
subclasses 2+ for hoisting trucks. The devices comprise wheeled
hoists comprising a running gear and a load support and means for
vertically adjusting said load support other than a means for vertically
adjusting said load support by vertical adjustment of the wheels
relative to the running gear.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle in which the vehicle directly or contacting (a)
is inherently unstable when in transport position but is stabilized
by an attendant who propels and balances the vehicle by contacting
a handle or harness attached to the vehicle, (b) is inherently unstable
when in transport position, is adapted to be temporarily attached to
articles to transport them and is stabilized by some outside force
(such as an attendant or other vehicle) contacting the article,
or (c) is inherently unstable when in transport position but adapted
to be stabilized by temporary attachment to articles for transporting
them either because more than one of the unstable vehicles of this
subclass are temporarily attached to the article or because the
article has other wheels.

(1)Note. An attendant is a person who is not an occupant of
the vehicle under consideration.

(2)Note. A receptacle which is intended to be loaded or to have
portions of the load removed therefrom while associated with the
wheels of the unstable vehicle is considered to be a part of the
vehicle, i.e., a removable vehicle body, rather than an article.
An example of such a receptacle is a golf bag.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle comprising a load carrying surface and in which
the highest position of vertical adjustment of the wheel relative
to the vehicle is such that the wheel axis is above the carrying
surface.

for a vehicle including means, interposed between
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for
altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame
for the proximate utility of facilitating cargo movement which may
entail lowering the cargo support surface below the usual running
gear level.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle comprising a load carrying surface and in which
the highest position of vertical adjustment of the wheel relative
to the vehicle is one in which the upper peripheral portion of the wheel
is substantially tangential to and is always below the load carrying
surface.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle in which a plurality of wheels are independently
mounted on different axles and there are additional means interconnecting
the wheels whereby they may be moved simultaneously vertically with
respect to the running gear or so that the movement of one influences movement
of the other, and there is an actuator for moving a wheel.

(1)Note. A structure comprising a single axle having a crank
axle on each end with a wheel mounted on each crank axle is not
considered to be a structure having wheels independently mounted on
different axles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.13. Vehicle wherein the vertically adjustable wheels are replaced
as a support for the vehicle running gear by leg or skid means when
the wheels are vertically adjusted to a given position.

for wheeled vehicles having means for adjusting
wheels on different axles and having nonwheel means for engaging
the vehicle supporting surface and means to vary the distance between
the wheels as they are vertically adjusted.

Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or
Pulling Force,
subclasses 418+ for raising and lowering landing gears on semi-trailers
and for lifting vehicles off the ground and/or turning
the vehicle about a given point.

for a wheeled land vehicle of occupant propelled
type including steering having a yielding frame and running gear
(it is noted that in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280,
subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear without features
causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included
in these subclasses).

Earth Working,
subclass 414for an earth working element frame connected ground
support which is vertically adjustable relative to said frame by
an actuator connected thereto which allows free movement between the
two in at least one direction.

Earth Working,
subclass 419for an earth working implement and frame having
a ground engaging support which may be caused to translate vertically
relative to the frame by means of a screw jack type actuator and
subclass 427 for a screw jack type actuator to move the ground engaging support
of an earth working element frame vertically relative to the frame.

Earth Working,
subclass 420for rack and pinion or ratchet type actuators for
ground support members adapted to move with a translating motion
relative to the earth working frame supported and subclass 428 for
rack and pinion or ratchet actuators to move a ground support for
an earth working implement vertically relative to the implement
frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17. Vehicle in which the motion caused by the actuator is such
that all points of the wheel means have at any instant the same
velocity and direction of motion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicle wherein the vertically adjustable wheels are replaced
as a support for the vehicle running gear by leg or skid means when
the wheels are vertically adjusted to a given position.

for vehicles having means interconnecting wheels
on different axles whereby the interconnected wheels are vertically
movable to a position where they are replaced as the vehicle supporting
means by a nonwheel means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Vehicles in which power derived from the rolling motion
of a ground wheel as the vehicle is propelled over the ground is
used to vary the elevation of the wheel relative to the body.

Earth Working,
subclasses 402, 404 and 408+ for earth working tools
carried by frames which have wheels which are vertically adjusted
by power derived from the adjusted wheels. The recitation of an
earth working implement by name only having a wheel which is vertically adjusted
by its own power is classifiable in Class 280, Land Vehicles.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles in which the body, generally intended for occupation
by a child, is connected to its wheel support in such a manner that
body rocking will occur as the wheels rotate during travel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles adapted to be propelled (pushed or pulled) by an
attendant who is not an occupant of the vehicle, generally by handle
means, provided with steerable wheel means and operating mechanism
therefor under control of the attendant to effect positive steering
movement of the wheel means relative to the vehicle body, the controlling
action by the attendant to actuate said mechanism involving either
(a) exertion of a lateral thrust on the vehicle directly or by way
of the handle means when guiding the vehicle to make a turn, or
(b) manipulation of the handle or other means operatively connected
to said wheel operating mechanism.

(1)Note. Vehicles which are propelled and steered by tongues
or shafts connected to the running gear, not disclosed or claimed
for hand propulsion, are placed in the subclass providing for the
running gear structure involved.

(2)Note. Vehicles which are propelled and steered by tongue
or shaft means connected to the running gear, even if disclosed
for propulsion by a walking attendant, are not here classified if
the portion of the running gear to which said means is connected
comprises a wheel carrying frame or shaft pivotally connected to
the said body, so that upon lateral swinging of the tongue or shaft means
by the attendant the wheel frame or wheel shaft will merely swing
as a unit with the tongue or shaft means about the pivotal connection,
and will not effect relative steering movements of any additional
wheel frame or shaft. In cases where the aforesaid wheel carrying frame
or shaft is operatively coupled to any of the other wheel means
of the running gear so as to cause the latter to have steering movement
relative to the body as well, classification is in this subclass.

for running gear of a general utility wheeled land
vehicle including a resilient, shock absorbing mounted swinging
axle having a draft connection neither disclosed or claimed as a handle
nor claimed in a combination of plural interconnected vehicles (i.e., a
vehicle train).

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles provided with ground or ledge engaging rocker or
fulcrum means additional to the fulcrum formed by the traction wheels
on which the vehicle customarily travels about whose axis the load
body may normally be tilted.

(1)Note. Generally, rocking about the added fulcrum results
in the traction wheels being lifted from the ground to place the
vehicle in a load receiving or removing position. Legs or other
supports on which tiltable type vehicles are rested when not propelled
are not considered fulcrums.

Supports,
subclass 129for wheeled receptacle stands having special provisions
for supporting and holding a receptacle in position for use, storage, display
or for manipulating the same, in which wheels are provided to make it
more readily movable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles which (a) are inherently unstable when in transport
position but are stabilized by an attendant who propels and balances
the vehicle by contacting the vehicle directly or contacting a handle
or harness attached to the vehicle, (b) are inherently unstable
when in transport position, are adapted to be temporarily attached
to articles to transport them and are stabilized by some outside
force (such as an attendant or other vehicle) contacting the article,
or (c) are inherently unstable when in transport position but adapted
to be stabilized by temporary attachment to articles for transporting
them either because the articles have other wheels or because more
than one of the unstable vehicles of this subclass are temporarily
attached to the article.

(1)Note. An attendant is a person who is not an occupant of
the vehicle under consideration.

(2)Note. A receptacle which is intended to be loaded or to have
portions of the load removed therefrom while associated with the
wheels of the unstable vehicle is considered to be a part of the
vehicle, i.e., a removable vehicle body, rather than an article.
An example of such a receptacle is a golf bag.

for a vehicle having vertically adjustable ground
engaging means and which is unstable when in transporting position
but which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle
is temporarily attached.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.131. Vehicles which are constructed (a) for attachment to a vehicle
axle and/or to the spring means suspending said axle whereby
a damaged vehicle may be moved to a desired place, or (b) for temporary
attachment to a machine comprising a shaft having ground working
or other tools thereon whereby such machine may be wheeled from
place to place.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.131. Vehicles which may be tiltably balanced by an attendant
to either side of an intermediate wheel axis, and provided with
wheel means adjacent each end spaced from the ground while the vehicle
is being balanced which serve as stabilizing wheel means on which
the carrier may rest or travel when the load body is tilted sufficiently
to engage the wheel means at the one end or the other with the ground.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.131. Vehicles provided with handle means by which an attendant
may apply a propelling force thereto.

(1)Note. Vehicles which are propelled by tongue or shaft means
connected to running gear or body, if not disclosed or claimed for
hand propulsion, are placed in the subclass providing for the running gear
structure involved.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles in which parts thereof (a) are adapted to be manipulated
to convert the same to or from a wheeled device other than one intended for
transporting a load, e.g., the frame of a lawnmower, (b) in which
the body comprises a plurality of different type load carrying portions
each of which may be moved selectively to an operative transporting
position, or (c) in which parts of the load body may be manipulated
or detached to form load carrying bodies of different characters
for transporting different types of loads.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles provided with plural simultaneously usable distinct
load supports which may take the form of plural platforms, receptacles,
compartments or seats, or combinations thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles in which the axle or axles about which the body
is tiltable are shiftable or adjustable to vary the axle and wheel
position relative to the body or to the center of gravity of its
load, either to facilitate loading or transporting the load.

for a vehicle including means, interposed between
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for
altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame
for the proximate utility of facilitating cargo movement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17. Vehicles in which a portion or all of the load supporting
base of the frame or vehicle body is either suspended from the axle
means or otherwise disposed below the wheel axis, as for example
by support in the bight of a "U-shaped" or "drop" axle.
The load base or body portion must be positioned below a horizontal
plane including the wheel axis at all times in normal use of the
carrier, both when the carrier is at rest and in transporting position.

for a vehicle including means, interposed between
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running gear thereof, for
altering height or levelness of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame
for the proximate utility of facilitating cargo movement which may
entail lowering the cargo support surface below the usual running
gear level.

Land Vehicles: Dumping,
subclasses 2+ and 5+ for this type vehicle provided
with receptacle bodies movable relative to the vehicle frame to
facilitate dumping or for vehicles provided with bodies having a
gate or cover adapted to be actuated in connection with the dumping
operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.24. Vehicles having means usually referred to as a toe, extending
from the lower part of the vehicle frame at an angle relative thereto
to form a projecting load engaging or load stop part which is adapted,
when the vehicle frame is tilted to a loading position, to engage
or be brought closely to the surface on which the vehicle travels
so as to enable said part to be pushed beneath a load to facilitate
manual lifting and tilting of the load about the axis of the wheels.

(1)Note. Most of the patents in this and the indented subclasses
comprise vehicles of the well known "Warehouse Truck" type.

Material or Article Handling,
subclasses 444+ for similar devices having additional load engaging
means, as a clamp or tie, as distinguished from a mere load supporting
toe in the form of a platform, spade or the like, for taking hold
of the load to facilitate the picking up and transporting of the load.

for attachments to an occupant propelled-type wheeled
land vehicle (it is noted that in accordance with the (2) Note of
Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without
features causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included
in these subclasses).

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.131. Vehicles in the form of an attachment to a boat to facilitate
its transportation over land.

(1)Note. Attachments with mere nominal recitation of boat structure,
necessary only to associate the attachment to the boat should be
classified here. If significant boat structure is claimed and necessary,
as where the wheel will remain with the boat after launching, then proper
classification is in Class 114.

Ships,
subclass 344for wheeled attachment which remain with the boat
and in which the attachment pierces or otherwise cooperates with specifically
formed boat structure, and where the attachment includes flotation
devices to facilitate handling in the water.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles which are stable when travelling and specially
characterized as being provided with a handle means whereby the
vehicle may be propelled by an attendant.

(1)Note. Vehicles with tongues or shafts not disclosed or claimed
for hand propulsion are placed in the subclass providing for the
running gear structure involved.

for running gear of a general utility wheeled land
vehicle including a resilient, shock absorbing mounted swinging
axle having a draft connection neither disclosed or claimed as a handle
nor claimed in a combination of plural interconnected vehicles (i.e., a
vehicle train).

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.34. Vehicles provided with plural simultaneously usable distinct
load supports which may be in the form of plural platforms, receptacles,
compartments or seats, or combinations thereof.

63+, and 79, for occupant carrying vehicles
having running gear as specified in the respective subclasses in which
either no handle is provided or tongues and shafts for other than
hand propulsions are disclosed.

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 166for a vehicle in the nature of a wheeled infant
carriage or crib having motor means for moving it back and forth
in the direction of its longitudinal axis (e.g., for
inducing the infant to sleep); if used alternatively to transport
the infant from one place to another, the vehicle ordinarily is
propelled by an attendant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.38. Vehicles in which a back or foot rest or both are specially
modified in connection with the seating means, and generally provide
for relative adjustment whereby the occupant may be selectively
accommodated in either a lying or sitting position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47.38. Vehicles in which the body is supported by means, generally
springs, either directly connected to the wheel axle means or connected
to members attached thereto, whereby the body may have movement
relative to the wheels.

for a vehicle having vertically adjustable ground
engaging means and which is unstable when in transporting position
but which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle
is temporarily attached.

for a land vehicle including a suspension responsive
to a force encountered while the vehicle is in surface traversing
motion for altering a spatial relationship between structural elements of
the running gear which may or may not involve wheel banking.

for an occupant propelled-type wheeled land vehicle
which may or may not involve wheel banking (it is noted that in
accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle
frames and running gear, without features causing classification in
Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses).

for a vehicle having vertically adjustable ground
engaging means and which is unstable when in transporting position
but which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle
is temporarily attached.

for particular wheeled land vehicle running gear
construction. Attention is directed to subclass 86.1 for a swivel
truck resiliently supported upon the vehicle; subclasses 124.1+ for
resilient, shock absorbing suspension arrangements in general; subclasses
676+ for tandem axle suspensions; or subclasses 781+ for
a wheeled land vehicle including specific frame construction and
its running gear.

for a wheeled land vehicle of occupant propelled
type including steering having a yielding frame and running gear
(it is noted that in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280,
subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features
causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included
in these subclasses).

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles in which (a) each wheel axle is attached to a platform
or other type body solely by means of a bracket type support, or
in which (b) each axle or axle bearing is secured directly to the
body itself, without the interposition of shock absorbers.

(1)Note. Vehicles having platform type bodies and generally
known as "baggage" trucks are found in this subclass.

(2)Note. Patents in this subclass must have some positive inclusion
of specialized body structure so as to receive and transport a load
as a vehicle. The primary function of the claimed device must be transporting
as opposed to merely supporting.

for particular wheeled land vehicle construction
directed to that portion immediately concerned with enabling the
wheeled land vehicle to move along the surface. Attention is directed
to subclass 86.1 for a swivel truck resiliently supported upon the vehicle;
subclasses 124.1+ for resilient, shock absorbing suspension arrangements
in general; subclasses 676+ for tandem axle suspensions;
or subclasses 781+ for a wheeled land vehicle including
specific frame construction and its running gear.

Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, appropriate subclasses for a horizontal planar support
having plural or single surfaces which may be provided with wheels
or casters to render it incidentally movable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11. Vehicles which include attachments or specifically shaped
body structure for receiving panels and other sheet goods, or other
rectangular objects of little thickness, on their sides.

for a wheeled land vehicle of occupant propelled
type including steering having a frame and running gear (it is noted
that in accordance with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle
frames and running gear, without features causing classification in
Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses).

for a vehicle train wherein each of the interconnected
vehicles includes steerable wheels and a steering means connection
is provided therebetween for simultaneous movement of the relative
steerable wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicles having running gear composed of a plurality of
sets of supporting wheels, the wheels of each set being so mounted
as to constitute a substantially complete running gear unit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 81.1. Vehicles in which the steering occurs in response to a deviation
of the body from movement in a straight line to permit the trucks
to turn for proper tracking.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicle in which a wheel or plural wheels are rotatably
mounted upon an axle supported at both ends by a bracket or framing
which is attached to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame about a
vertical pivot axis for free pivotal motion.

(1)Note. An apparatus including means for creating pivotal motion
for steering purposes is excluded from this subclass and the subclasses
indented hereunder.

(1)Note. The supplemental running gear unit must be movable
between a use and nonuse position upon the vehicle, not merely an
additional running gear unit such as commonly known tandem axles or
wheels.

for a vehicle provided with means for transmitting
weight from the running gear to the wheels on different axles in
substantially equal proportion regardless of inequalities of the
travelled surface. Conventionally known tandem axle and wheel arrangements are
included in these subclasses.

for an articulated vehicle or vehicle train including
means for selectively adjusting the proportion or the longitudinal
placement of load application between the vehicle sections or the interconnected
vehicles.

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 24.02for a vehicle of that class (Class 180) having
five or more wheels and provided with movable running gear for shifting
or proportioning load; or subclass 209 for a vehicle having a special wheel
base as defined in Class 180, subclass 21, which further includes means
for changing the number or position of supporting wheels.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86.75. Subject matter wherein the spatial alteration comprises
an inclination or tilt of (a) a wheel relative to the ground surface
as measured in degrees from true vertical (i.e., camber) or (b)
a steering axis relative to the center line of the wheel as measured
in degrees from true vertical (i.e., caster).

(1)Note. Camber is the tilting inward (negative camber) or outward
(positive camber) of the top of the wheel as viewed from the front
of the vehicle.

(2)Note. Caster is the tilting forward (negative caster) or
backward (positive caster) of a line extending through upper and lower
ball joints or a kingpin as viewed from the side of the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86.751. Subject matter wherein the camber or caster alteration is
achieved through an adjustable attachment at the vehicle body, chassis,
or frame of an upper end of an erect member extending between the
wheel or wheel carrier and the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86.751. Subject matter wherein the camber or caster alteration is
achieved through an asymmetric union within the running gear.

(1)Note. Only true asymmetric unions will be found in this and
the indented subclasses. An asymmetric union achieved or assisted
through the use of an interposed, replaceable, or shiftable wedge element
is not proper for this and the indented subclasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86.754. Subject matter wherein a spherical coupling member (i.e.,
ball joint) or a resilient coupling member (i.e., bushing) is employed
in the asymmetric union.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86.751. Subject matter comprising an alterable elongate link or
member between the wheel or wheel carrier and the vehicle body,
chassis, or frame to achieve camber or caster adjustment.

(1)Note. The alteration of the elongate link or member may be
an extension or a repositioning of the link or member to achieve
the camber or caster adjustment.

This subclass is indented under subclass 86.75. Subject matter comprising an adjustment in a difference
in distance between extreme front and rear edges of laterally opposed,
pivotally navigatable wheels relative to the longitudinal axis of
the vehicle.

(1)Note. "Toe-in" results when the distance difference
for the extreme front edges is smaller than for the extreme rear
edges. "Toe-out" results when the distance difference
for the extreme front edges is greater than for the extreme rear
edges.

(2)Note. Toe adjustment for a nonsteerable wheel is not included
within this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Vehicles comprising small vehicles for children"s
use, intended as wheeled coasters. Includes patents showing the
type of vehicle known as "scooter-wagons."

Chairs and Seats,
subclasses 5+ for a wheeled skater support or walker pushed ahead
of the walker or skater and provided with a seat used by the occupant
for resting between periods of walking or skating.

This subclass is indented under subclass 87.041. Vehicles where wheel steering is accomplished by manual
manipulation of a steering device accessible to a standing occupant
at the trailing end of the vehicle.

(1)Note. The rear steering station may be in addition to a front
steering device manipulated by a first, usually sitting, occupant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Devices in which the steering gear controls a wheel which
is offset from the main running gear of the vehicle and which does
not support any appreciable weight of the vehicle.

Railways,
subclass 244.1for vehicles with furrow followers which may be connected
to the steering gear of a vehicle and which are usually outrigged
from the vehicle. In the devices classified in Class 104 the follower
(usually a wheel) running in the furrow guides the vehicle, and
to do this may be connected to the steering gear of the vehicle,
with the result that the steering gear of the vehicle may control
the wheel running in the furrow. In these devices the steering gear
has a branch running to the main steered wheels of the vehicle and
a branch running to the furrow following wheel so that this wheel
and the main vehicle wheel are steered together. In the type of
device classifiable in Class 280 the steering gear runs to the outrigged
wheel (which may be a furrow following wheel) to control that wheel
which by its turning movement caused the main vehicle wheels to
follow without any interconnection with the steering gear.

Motor Vehicles,
subclass 401for a motor vehicle provided with steering gear
which includes a land based steering datum and means on the vehicle
for sensing the datum, which means cooperates with a steering motor
on the vehicle for the purpose of controlling the course of the
vehicle.

for an occupant propelled-type wheeled land vehicle
including means for holding or returning two steered wheels to a
centered or straight line travel orientation (it is noted that in accordance
with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and
running gear, without features causing classification in Class 180, Motor
Vehicles, are included in these subclasses).

for an occupant-propelled-type wheeled land vehicle
including means for holding or returning two steered wheels to a
centered or straight line travel orientation. Further, in accordance
with the (2) Note of Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames
and running gear, without features causing classification in Class
180, Motor Vehicles, are included in theses subclasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Subject matter wherein the inhibiting or prohibiting mechanism
is (a) included within or (b) connected to a mechanical link element interconnecting
a steering knuckle of a steerable road wheel to a drag link, an
idler arm, a pitman arm, or a steering knuckle of a laterally opposed
steerable road wheel.

Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 234+ for a motor vehicle having four wheels driven and
provided with means for steering all of the driven wheels, and subclasses
409+ for a motor vehicle wherein all of the power for steering the
wheels is provided by the occupant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Subject matter wherein the running gear provided with steering
means operable by the occupant of the vehicle includes mechanical interconnecting
elements for translating motion of a steering control manipulated
by the occupant of the vehicle into pivoting movement of steerable
road wheels for executing arcuate travel.

for a suspension arrangement for resiliently, shock
absorbingly supporting a vehicle body, chassis, or frame upon an
axle or wheel, which axle or wheel may or may not be steerable.
The superiority given to placement of the suspension arrangement
subclasses prior to the occupant steered subclasses is due to the
fact that the suspension arrangement provides for attaching and
controlling movement of the axle or wheel relative to the vehicle
body, chassis, or frame whereas the occupant steered feature is
limited to pivotal motion about a single axis.

for a vehicle having an articulated axle (i.e.,
swinging axle) lacking resilient, shock absorbing support that is controlled
by a shaft or tongue which is neither disclosed or claimed as being
a handle nor claimed in a combination defining an articulated vehicle
train.

for an occupant-propelled-type vehicle including
steering means, noting the search notes appearing therein for additional
relevant subclasses. Further, in accordance with the (2) Note of
Class 280, subclass 200, motorcycle frames and running gear, without features
causing classification in Class 180, Motor Vehicles, are included
in these subclasses.

Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 79+ for a land vehicle either (a) proper for that class
(Class 180) including guiding or steering means or (b) having power assisted
guiding or steering means. Note also the search notes appearing therein
for additional relevant subclasses. Class 180 is superior to Class 280
in the class hierarchy.

This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter comprising alternate or repetitive means
for creating pivoting movement of the steerable road wheels for
executing arcuate travel of the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter wherein the mechanical interconnecting elements
are provided to pivot an axle or axle assembly mounted about a vertical
pivot axis to execute arcuate travel of the vehicle.

(1)Note. Excluded from this subclass and the indented subclass
are plural, laterally disposed, steered swivel trucks, which have
been deemed analogous to stub axle structure and thus the control
linkage therefore equivalent.

(2)Note. An axle or half axle within this subclass and the indented
subclass provides the rotational axis for the wheel.

for a vehicle having a vertical pivot axis mounted
axle or axle assembly including resilient, shock absorbing interconnection
to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame, which may or may not include
occupant controlled steering means.

for a vehicle having a vertical pivot axis mounted
axle or axle assembly lacking a resilient, shock absorbing interconnection
to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame, which vertical pivot axis
mounted axle or axle assembly enables steering through horizontal swinging
by other than an occupant controlled steering means of the vehicle.

for a general utility wheeled land vehicle running
gear specially constructed for enabling arcuate travel within a
reduced radius of curvature (i.e., short turn) including stub axles which
may or may not involve differential steering. Typically, a draft
or tongue attachment for pivoting the steerable road wheels is included.

This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter comprising an intermediary link member pivotally
attached to both (a) the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; and (b) the
mechanical interconnecting elements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 93.507. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a pivotal
union of the idler arm to either (a) the vehicle body, chassis,
or frame; or (b) the mechanical interconnecting elements.

This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to linkage
interconnecting a steering knuckle of a steerable road wheel to
(a) a drag link, (b) an idler arm, (c) a pitman arm, or (4) a laterally
opposed steering knuckle.

(1)Note. For this subclass, the inclusion of an idler arm is
by nominal recitation only whereby the idler arm is merely referenced
as a connection point for a connecting rod (i.e., tie rod). More
than a nominal recitation of the idler arm in combination with a
connecting rod configuration or construction is provided for earlier
in the class schedule.

for an active suspension including means for governing
a geometric or spatial relationship in response to a force encountered
while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion which may or may
not involve a connection rod.

This subclass is indented under subclass 93.502. Subject matter comprising an intermeshing drive mechanism
for manipulating the direction or extent of translation motion required
to generate the desired pivoting movement of the steerable road
wheels.

for a general utility wheeled land vehicle including
occupant controlled steering wherein laterally opposed steerable
road wheels are turned at different angles to effect arcuate travel
about a common turning axis.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicles provided with means for transmitting weight from
the running gear to the wheels on different axles in substantially
equal proportions regardless of inequalities of the level of the
travelled surface.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Vehicles in which the running gear is modified for roller
bearings to carry the frame on the supporting wheels or rotating
axles. The presence of mere roller or ball bearing wheels does not
bring a patent into this subclass.

for a vehicle having vertically adjustable ground
engaging means and which is unstable when in transporting position
but which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle
is temporarily attached.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1. Subject matter wherein the vehicle running gear comprises
means intermediate a vehicle body, chassis, or frame and either
an axle or a wheel for providing resilient, shock absorbing support
(i.e., suspension) for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame upon
the axle or wheel.

(2)Note. These subclasses provide for the mechanical hardware
or structural assembly of various suspension systems not elsewhere
provided. A suspension arrangement including a regulatable elastic
means responsive to a force encountered while the vehicle is in
surface traversing motion is provided for earlier in the class schedule.

for running gear of an occupant propelled vehicle;
especially subclasses 274+ or 281.1+. Additionally,
in accordance with the (2) Note of subclass 200, motorcycle frames
and running gear, without features causing classification in Class
180, Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses.

Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for motor vehicles of that class (Class
180), particularly
subclasses 6.2+ for a motor vehicle including means whereby the
vehicle is steered through a cooperative driving arrangement or
control between laterally disposed ground engaging means; subclasses
9.1+ for a motor vehicle including endless track ground
engaging means; subclasses 21+ for a motor vehicle including
a special wheel base as defined within the definition of Class 180,
subclass 21; subclasses 89.1+ for attaching bodies of motor vehicles
to the running gear thereof; subclasses 233+ for a motor
vehicle including four driven wheels; subclasses 252+ for
a motor vehicle including at least one wheel which is both driven
and steerable; or subclasses 337+ for a motor vehicle including
a transmission mechanism.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes means for
selectively establishing a mode of operation.

(1)Note. Means appropriate for this subclass include means responsive
to operation of a car door, actuation or insertion of an ignition
switch key, parking brake engagement or release, closure or opening
of a trunk lid, etc.

(2)Note. A suspension arrangement including control means which
establish riding or trim height wherein the suspension arrangement
is adjusted to an appropriate location for proper running gear operation
is not proper for this subclass but is provided for earlier in the
class schedule.

for an active suspension responsive to a force encountered
while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion, especially subclasses
5.501+ for control means providing fail-safe override upon
detection of a perceived abnormal handling or ride posture characteristic
based upon the superiority given to the avoidance of a potentially life
threatening situation presented by the perceived abnormal handling
or ride posture characteristic; or subclasses 5.515+ wherein
the elasticity property of the suspension is regulated during surface
traversing motion of the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension creates or enables
sideways or transverse inclination of the vehicle body, chassis,
or frame toward a center of curvature about which the vehicle is executing
arcuate travel to overcompensate for a resultant centrifugal force
experienced by the vehicle.

(1)Note. The mere balancing, cancellation, or compensation of
centrifugal force experienced by a vehicle executing arcuate travel
is not proper for classification in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension restricts the vehicle
body, chassis, or frame from tilting in the sideways or transverse
direction.

(1)Note. The mere inclusion of an antiroll, sway, or torsion
bar or rod does not render classification in this subclass. This subclass
includes (a) a vehicle stabilizer, per se; (b)
a suspension system specifically claimed as being for antiroll;
or (c) a suspension system involving interconnected wheel suspension
units not elsewhere classifiable.

(2)Note. The feature of an antiroll, sway, or torsion bar or
rod in a combination for a wheel separately supported upon an individual
spindle axle is not proper for classification in this or the indented
subclass.

for a suspension arrangement of a wheel separately
supported upon an individual spindle axle, especially subclass 124.13
wherein a longitudinally extending swinging arm includes stabilizing
means within the connection housing of the swinging arm pivot to
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; subclass 124.137 wherein an
upper and lower lateral control arm suspension includes a torsion
bar; subclass 124.149 wherein a lateral control arm and vertical
strut suspension includes a torsion stabilizer; and subclass 124.152
wherein a lateral control arm suspension includes a stabilizer bar.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.106. Subject matter wherein the tilt restricting suspension includes
a mechanical interconnection for transferring the inertial force
moment created by arcuate travel from one side to the other side
of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

(1)Note. A transfer of fluid medium is not considered a mechanical
interconnection for classification in this subclass.

(1)Note. Since the proximate utility of all suspensions involve
the reduction of resonant vibration for the comfort of the occupant,
at least to some extent, this subclass includes only those patents which
specifically claim the noise suppression.

for an active suspension wherein means responsive
while the vehicle is in surface traversing motion are caused to
govern the extent of travel surface induced vibrational force experienced
by a vehicle occupant.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes a structural
assembly that maintains its configuration independently of its location.

(1)Note. The interposed frame structure must itself be resiliently
coupled to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame. This excludes turntable-type
attachments for a swinging axle or axle assembly which are provided
for later in the class schedule.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension comprises a structurally
rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube mounted for oscillatory movement
upon the vehicle body, chassis, or frame about a mounting point
which either (a) functions as a direct support for a single wheel
carrier or spindle or (b) supports laterally opposed wheel carriers
or spindles.

(1)Note. The oscillatory movement about the mounting point may
be for other than suspension purposes (e.g., steering) and other
than a defined axis of rotation (e.g., orbital, universal).

(2)Note. Included herein are half axles.

(3)Note. The mere mounting of an axle or axle assembly upon
a horizontal axis upon the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory
movement within a vertical plane is sufficient to provide the resilient,
shock absorbing support.

(4)Note. Excluded from this and the indented subclasses are
an axle or axle assembly involving a pivotal interconnection between
a coupling pole, perch, or reach, which interconnects front and rear
running gear units so as to enable independent rocking motion thereof
in a vertical plane, lacking a claimed feature providing resilient,
shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or frame
(i.e., a spring). Vehicle running gear including a coupling pole,
perch, or reach interconnecting front and rear running gear units
provided with means enabling relative oscillatory movement of the
front and rear running gear units is provided for later in the class
schedule.

for a fifth-wheel or swinging axle lacking a claimed
feature providing resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle
body, chassis, or frame, especially subclass 137.503 wherein a spherical
union interconnects a coupling pole, perch, or reach to the axle or
axle assembly; or subclass 137.504 wherein bracing of the coupling
pole, perch, or reach interconnection to the axle or axle assembly
is claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter wherein the structurally rigid bar, beam,
shaft, or tube is mounted upon an axis directed parallel to the
longitudinal centerline of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for
oscillatory movement in a vertical plane.

(1)Note. Included herein is a pivot axis either coaxial with
or parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle body, chassis,
or frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.111. Subject matter wherein the supported wheel carrier or spindle
is additionally pivotally mounted to a terminus of the structurally rigid
bar, beam, shaft, or tube for executing arcuate travel of the vehicle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.111. Subject matter wherein the vertically oscillatory axle or
axle assembly is additionally mounted upon an erect perpendicular
axis for oscillatory movement in a horizontal plane.

for a structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube
mounted upon an erect perpendicular axis upon the vehicle body,
chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement in a horizontal plane
not including vertical oscillatory motion.

for a swinging axle lacking a feature providing
resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or
frame upon the swinging axle. Also included in these subclasses
are a swinging axle combined with a coupling pole, perch, or reach,
which interconnects front and rear running gear units so as to enable
relative independent rocking motion thereof in a vertical plane.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter wherein the structurally rigid bar, beam,
shaft, or tube is mounted upon an axis directed across the longitudinal centerline
of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement
in a vertical plane.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.11. Subject matter wherein the structurally rigid bar, beam,
shaft, or tube is mounted upon an erect perpendicular axis upon
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement in
a horizontal plane.

(1)Note. A mere swinging axle lacking a claimed feature providing
resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis,
or frame upon the swinging axle is not proper for classification
in this or the indented subclasses but is provided for later in
the class schedule. Accordingly, mere disclosure or inferential
claim language that the vehicle body, chassis, or frame is resiliently,
shock absorbingly mounted to the running gear element comprising
the swinging axle does not control assignment to this subclass or
the indented subclasses.

for a structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube
mounted upon an axis directed parallel to the longitudinal centerline
of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement in
a vertical plane and additionally mounted upon an erect perpendicular axis
upon the vehicle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatory movement
in a horizontal plane.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.118. Subject matter wherein (a) plural wheel carriers or spindles
are located in close proximity to the vertical pivot axis and (b)
each respective wheel carrier or spindle is attached to move in
an opposite direction so as to provide the resilient, shock absorbing
support of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

for a swinging axle lacking a feature providing
resilient, shock absorbing support for the vehicle body, chassis, or
frame upon the swinging axle including draft attachment, noting
the search notes provided therein for additional relevant subclasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.117. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
mounting (i.e., resilient support) of the structurally rigid bar,
beam, shaft, or tube to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.121. Subject matter wherein the connection includes displacement
of the erect perpendicular axis from the longitudinal axis of the structurally
rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.121. Subject matter wherein the connection includes one of two
coaxially mounted rotatable disks or disk segments of a coupling assembly
forming the erect perpendicular pivot axis mounted upon a laterally
disposed, elongated flexible strip providing flexural deflection
to a force imposed perpendicular to its width dimension.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1. Subject matter wherein the suspension provides resilient,
shock absorbing interconnection of a relatively short shaft (i.e.,
stub axle) providing the rotational axis for each wheel, to the
vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

(1)Note. The requirement that the stub axle itself be resiliently
mounted upon the vehicle excludes a bifurcated or yoked axle supporting
a kingpin, unless the kingpin is resiliently mounted to the axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspension interconnects a steerable
wheel to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame such that the connection
points defining a turning axis of the wheel lie within the area
defined by the perimeter and treadwidth of the wheel.

(1)Note. Excluded from this subclass is a telescopically mounted
steerable or steered swivel truck wherein the pivot axis is vertically
aligned with the wheel center plane but actually displaced above the
rotational axis of the wheel.

appropriate subclasses for an occupant-propelled-type
wheeled land vehicle including a steerable wheel. Additionally,
in accordance with the (2) Note of subclass 200, motorcycle frames
and running gear without features causing classification in Class 180,
Motor Vehicles, are included in these subclasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes an elongated
member pivotally attached to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame about
an axis or axis extension crossing the longitudinal centerline of
the vehicle providing a longitudinally displaced pivot axis for
the stub axle.

(1)Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder
require that the stub axle move in an arcuate motion relative to
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame whereby the rotational axis
of the wheel is moved both longitudinally and vertically when undergoing
deflection. A longitudinally extending support member not functioning
to enable this compound motion is not proper for this subclass or those
indented hereunder but rather belongs in subclasses provided elsewhere.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.128. Subject matter wherein the longitudinally extending swinging
support arm encases resilient, shock absorbing means between the pivot
point attachment to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and the
stub axle.

(1)Note. The stub axle usually supports either a driven or nondriven
wheel engaging a crawler track or an endless track; however, it
is not restricted thereto.

Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 9+ for a motor vehicle of that class (Class 180) including
an endless track. In accordance with item 9 under Class 180 definition,
no power or driving means needs to be claimed for assignment to that
class (Class 180). Class 180 is superior to Class 280 in the class
hierarchy.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.128. Subject matter wherein the pivotal attachment of the elongated
member includes a spring member resisting free pivotal movement.

(1)Note. The included resisting or restraining member is not
restricted to any specific construction. Illustrative of such a member
is a coil spring, an elastomeric spring (i.e., bushing), a fluid
spring, a torsion bar or rod, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes a member
(a) extending transversely to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; and
(b) having an inboard end coupled to the vehicle body, chassis,
or frame and an outboard end coupled to a kingpin, steering knuckle,
or wheel carrier and the member constrains horizontal displacement
of the stub axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.135. Subject matter wherein the outboard end of one arm terminates
at a position above the stub axle, the outboard end of another arm terminates
at a position below the stub axle, and the outboard ends of the
arms lie along a line passing through the stub axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.136. Subject matter wherein the suspension additionally includes
an elongated rod, shaft, or tube providing a springing action resulting
from a twist deformation (torque deformation) attached to one of
the control arms.

for an individual wheel suspension having a transversely
extending member, a vertically extending strut, and a longitudinally
extending control arm or strut wherein the longitudinally extending
control arm or strut is a torsion bar or rod.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.136. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to a spatial
location of at least one of the control arms to (a) the other control
arm; (b) the vehicle body, chassis, or frame (i.e., inboard end);
or (c) kingpin, steering knuckle, or wheel carrier (i.e., outboard
end).

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.135. Subject matter wherein an outboard end of one of the control
arms is coupled forwardly of the stub axle and the outboard end
of another control arm is coupled rearwardly of the stub axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.134. Subject matter wherein the suspension includes an erect
member extending between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and
the stub axle for constraining vertical displacement of the stub
axle.

for vehicle running gear including static alignment
adjustment wherein caster or camber adjustment of a wheel is affected
by the connection of the upper end of a vertically extending strut
to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.145. Subject matter including an elongated member extending between
the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and the stub axle in a longitudinal
direction of the vehicle and constraining longitudinal movement
of the stub axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.148. Subject matter wherein the elongated member is a bar, rod,
shaft, or tube providing a springing action through twist deformation about
a longitudinal axis thereof (torque deformation).

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.134. Subject matter wherein the transversely extending member
provides a base support for a resilient energy storing mechanical element.

(1)Note. The resilient mechanical element is usually a helical
coil spring; however, the subclass is not limited thereto.

(2)Note. Excluded from this subclass is a connection between
a sway or torsion bar and the transversely extending member because
such connection does not provide a base support but rather is merely
a constraining attachment.

This subclass is indented under subclass 124.134. Subject matter including an elongated rod, shaft, or tube
attached to the transversely extending member and wherein the rod,
shaft, or tube provides a springing action resulting from a twist
deformation (torque deformation) for assisting in constraining displacement
of the stub axle.

for a suspension having a transversely extending
member, a vertically extending strut, and a longitudinally extending
control arm or strut wherein the longitudinally extending control arm
or strut is a torsion bar or rod.