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We have developed a spatial light modulator technology based on foundry silicon fabrication processes. This technology employs a thin, ferroelectric liquid crystal light-modulating layer at the substrate's surface, producing electrically addressed display devices with resolutions up to 256x256 and frame rates up to 10 kHz. We have also fabricated optically… (More)

Dynamic surface force measurements of the response of a smectic A to layer normal stress exhibited time dependence for topological events in which single smectic layers were added or removed. Single layer-sized jumps in sample thickness had a rapid component of duration of approximately 1 second that produced most of the change in separation, but that was… (More)