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Healthcare-Associated Infections - Nosocomial Infections

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) develop as a result of a stay in a hospital or healthcare facility. HAIs can be categorized by the intervention or procedure to which they are related, most commonly central line-associated blood stream infections, catheter-related urinary tract infections, surgical site infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Gastrointestinal infections also occur, including Clostridium difficile infection, which has become a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Resistant organisms may be involved in HAIs. Outbreaks of infection from resistant organisms in hospitals and extended-care facilities may spread to the general community and can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are examples of such infections. Antimicrobial resistance testing is indicated to identify the resistance patterns.