I added a slideshow of some of the design iterations we went through from Firefox 4 to Firefox 29.

Warning: It’s image heavy, might take a while to load on a slow connection.

So, last Monday we launched a thing. You may have noticed it. We called it Australis. Now it’s just called Firefox.

We spent a lot of time on it.

Dedicating yourself to a project can become an intense experience. You think about it all the time: in the morning, at dinner, when you are trying to watch a movie, in the shower, in your sleep, when you should be sleeping…

But then you set it free, because it’s finally mature enough for that. It’s exciting. But it’s also really scary. You are never sure if you made the right decisions along the way. I like to take some time in the post release glow for some reflection.

History

We launched Firefox 4 in March 2011. It was a big change from Firefox 3. It introduced the Firefox button, revamped the add-ons manager, removed the status bar, combined the stop, go and reload buttons and included a comprehensive visual update—all while still having time to prototype and discard some other features along the way.

And yet it wasn’t perfect. It had a lot of the rough edges that projects accumulate in the process of going from being designed and built to being shipped.

Firefox 4 was our last monolithic release before we moved to a rapid release cycle. Six week cycles seemed like the perfect timeframe to iteratively smooth out the rough edges. So I created a project to do just that.

Philosophy

The project that I had created for iterative refinement however quickly transformed into a significant overhaul.

At the beginning of June the UX team met up for its first post Firefox 4 team offsite. On the agenda was figuring out “What’s next?”. The entire team gathered in a room to pitch ideas and talk about problems unresolved—or that had been introduced—during the development of Firefox 4.

One theme that had been floating around for a while rose to the surface— Firefox is about customization, it should feel like it’s yours.

What would this mean for the interface we had just shipped? A lot of ideas were tossed around. Eventually one guiding principal stuck—make the best core experience we can and allow users to add and change the things that matter the most to them.

Building a fun easy to use Customization Mode—along with a more flexible Firefox Menu—would become the foundation of the new Firefox.

Visual Profile

So Curve, Such Aerodynamic

The offsite also sparked a set of other ideas that would make up what became known as Australis. Primarily: unifying the disparate bookmarking elements in the main window, refining the visual design, consolidating related or redundant features and streamlining the tabstrip.

While the redesigned customization mode would be core to the experience—the redesigned tabstrip would change the entire profile of Firefox.

We had explored the idea of adding visual cues to Firefox to make it feel faster and smoother before. Yet some of the ideas were a little over the top.

Curvy Tab Sketch — June, 2011

This sketch from the design session—inspired by a previous mockup from Trond—had a curvy tab shape that immediately resonated with everyone.

It also had one important additional design tweak—only render the tab shape for the active tab. Highlighting the active tab reduces visual noise and makes it easier to keep your place in the tabstrip.

The early curve shape tried on a few looks. At first it was too angular, then it was too curvy, then it was too short, then it was too tall and then (finally) it was just right.

Design ideas for background tabs on Windows — October 2011

It turns out that designing background tabs without a tab shape is a lot easier if you have a stable background to work with. Windows 7 has translucent windows of variable tints and Windows 8 has flat windows of variable color. This meant we needed to create our own stable background.

We went through several variations to ensure that the background tabs would be legible. First we tried creating a unified background block, but it seemed too heavy. We even thought about keeping background tab shapes and highlighting the active tab in some other way.

Eventually we decided on a background “fog” that would sit behind the tabs and in front of the window. Think of it as an interface sandwich—glass back, curvy-tab front with a delicious foggy center.

We also made sure that adding curves didn’t increase the width of the tabs taking up precious tabstrip real estate. And we removed the blank favicon placeholder for sites without favicons. A small tweak that frees up some extra room for the title.

Menu Panel and Customization

Redesigning the Firefox Menu

One size really doesn’t fit all with something as complex and personal as your web browser. Add-ons have always made Firefox a thoroughly customizable browser, however arranging things has never been a great experience out of the box.

But before we could tackle the customization behavior, we had to rethink the Firefox Menu.

The main toolbar is the primary surface for frequently used actions; while the menu is the secondary surface for stuff you only use some of the time. We wanted users to be able to move things between these surfaces so they could tailor Firefox to their needs.

For the updated layout we started with the idea of a visual icon grid. This grid nicely mapped to the icons already found on the toolbar and would ideally make moving things back and forth feel cohesive.

The first grid we designed was wider, with smaller icons and no labels. This quickly changed to a three column grid with larger labeled icons. The updated layout served the same goal but was more clear and also less cramped.

Not everything we currently had in the Firefox Menu would translate directly to the new layout. We had to add special conjoined widgets—also known as “Wide Widgets”—for Cut/Copy/Paste and the Page Zoom controls. We also added a footer for persistent items that can’t be customized away. We did this to prevent users from getting into a broken layout with no escape hatch.

We had some serious debates about whether to use a an icon grid or a traditional menu list. The visual grid has some drawbacks: it isn’t as easy to scan and doesn’t scale as well with a lot of items. But the icon grid won this round because it was more visual, more inline with what we wanted out of drag-and-drop customization and had the side benefit of being touch friendly.

Some items from the Firefox Menu had submenus that could’t be easily reduced to a single action: Developer Tools, History, Bookmarks, Help and Character Encoding. Nested submenus hanging off of a panel felt pretty awkward. We had several ideas on how to handle this: inline expando-tray™, a drawer(interactive mockup—click History) and in-panel navigation.

We settled on what we call subviews(interactive mockup—click History). Subviews are partial overlays containing lists that slide in over the menu. Click anywhere in the partially visible menu layer to get back to the main menu—or close the entire menu and reopen it.

With the new menu layout Firefox should hopefully work just fine for most people out of the box. But by using the new Customization Mode you can really tailor Firefox to your needs. If you are interested in knowing more about why what is where Zhenshuo Fangwrote a great post about it.

Customize All the Things!

Now we needed to figure out how update Firefox’s aging customization experience. Things started off a little ambitious with the idea that we could combine toolbar customization, themes and add-ons into the same UI. This led to an early interactive demo (it does some stuff, hint: tools icon –> plus sign) to try and see if this would work.

This demo surfaced a few issues: 1) including add-ons was going to be complicated 2) we needed a direct representation of the menu panel instead of a proxy. This led to a bunch of mockups for a flatter interface sans add-ons integration. Eventually I made a second demo without the theme selector that is closer to what we ended up shipping. Then Blake Winton turned that into an awesome prototype that actually did something.

Final Customization Mode

The demos and prototypes helped us quickly get feedback from people on the idea. One of the complaints we heard was that it wasn’t obvious that you were entering a mode. We mocked up a lot of ideas for various ways to give visual feedback that you were in a mode and could now rearrange your stuff. We eventually settled on a subtle blueprint pattern and Madhava suggested we add some kind of animation with padding.

Wrapping it up

Thank you to everyone who dedicated so much time and effort into making this happen.