Some of these traits are imported by the prelude, so they are available in
every Rust program. Only operators backed by traits can be overloaded. For
example, the addition operator (+) can be overloaded through the Add
trait, but since the assignment operator (=) has no backing trait, there
is no way of overloading its semantics. Additionally, this module does not
provide any mechanism to create new operators. If traitless overloading or
custom operators are required, you should look toward macros or compiler
plugins to extend Rust's syntax.

Implementations of operator traits should be unsurprising in their
respective contexts, keeping in mind their usual meanings and
operator precedence. For example, when implementing Mul, the operation
should have some resemblance to multiplication (and share expected
properties like associativity).

Note that the && and || operators short-circuit, i.e., they only
evaluate their second operand if it contributes to the result. Since this
behavior is not enforceable by traits, && and || are not supported as
overloadable operators.

Many of the operators take their operands by value. In non-generic
contexts involving built-in types, this is usually not a problem.
However, using these operators in generic code, requires some
attention if values have to be reused as opposed to letting the operators
consume them. One option is to occasionally use clone.
Another option is to rely on the types involved providing additional
operator implementations for references. For example, for a user-defined
type T which is supposed to support addition, it is probably a good
idea to have both T and &T implement the traits Add<T> and
Add<&T> so that generic code can be written without unnecessary
cloning.

The Fn, FnMut, and FnOnce traits are implemented by types that can be
invoked like functions. Note that Fn takes &self, FnMut takes &mut self and FnOnce takes self. These correspond to the three kinds of
methods that can be invoked on an instance: call-by-reference,
call-by-mutable-reference, and call-by-value. The most common use of these
traits is to act as bounds to higher-level functions that take functions or
closures as arguments.

fnconsume_with_relish<F>(func: F)
whereF: FnOnce() ->String
{
// `func` consumes its captured variables, so it cannot be run more// than onceprintln!("Consumed: {}", func());
println!("Delicious!");
// Attempting to invoke `func()` again will throw a `use of moved// value` error for `func`
}
letx=String::from("x");
letconsume_and_return_x=move||x;
consume_with_relish(consume_and_return_x);
// `consume_and_return_x` can no longer be invoked at this point

The left shift operator <<. Note that because this trait is implemented
for all integer types with multiple right-hand-side types, Rust's type
checker has special handling for _ << _, setting the result type for
integer operations to the type of the left-hand-side operand. This means
that though a << b and a.shl(b) are one and the same from an evaluation
standpoint, they are different when it comes to type inference.

The right shift operator >>. Note that because this trait is implemented
for all integer types with multiple right-hand-side types, Rust's type
checker has special handling for _ >> _, setting the result type for
integer operations to the type of the left-hand-side operand. This means
that though a >> b and a.shr(b) are one and the same from an evaluation
standpoint, they are different when it comes to type inference.