Cricket-mad teenager Dhaval Lodaya was on his way to a temple when his Mumbai train derailed and he bled to death – becoming one of the ten people who die every day on the city's rail network.
Known as the lifeline of the congested financial capital, the low-fare trains have become a
dangerous gamble for the millions of commuters who use them daily, with 3,506 deaths recorded last year alone.

In a city that has grown around its rail system, built by the British 160 years ago, many today are killed crossing the tracks, some have heart attacks in the overcrowded carriages, or fall from doors of moving trains and hit trackside poles.

On journeys ferrying commuters from outlying suburbs to the business districts, scores are charred to death each year while travelling on coach roofs as high-voltage electricity courses through overhead wires, say activists.

So although 17-year-old Lodaya's death on March 20 was far from rare, it was a tipping point for some Mumbai residents who -- spurred on by his family and friends -- marched in their hundreds to nearby train stations in anger at railway authorities.

"We lost the light of our family. We told the authorities that they had forced us to protest and they should remedy the situation," Lodaya's father told AFP at his modest family apartment in Mumbai, where the teenager's picture sits on a small television.

'Justice for Dhaval'When Lodaya's train derailed north of the city, an ambulance took more than an hour to reach the spot and railway police failed to move the boy to safety, his father alleges. Rail officials told him traffic-clogged roads caused the delays.

A Facebook page titled "Justice for Dhaval Lodaya", set up by friends to keep a tab on the promised investigation into his death, has received nearly 30,000 "likes" pledging support.

Dipti Lodaya (L) holds her son Dhawal's photo as her husband Mayur Lodaya speaks of the tragedy that has befallen their family at their home in Mumbai. (AFP photo)

Despite the dangers facing passengers, a leading activist says lucrative returns from the Mumbai rail network, which carries 7.5 million passengers daily, offer little incentive for reform by the state-owned Indian Railways.

Samir Zaveri, who became a rail safety campaigner after losing both his legs in a fall from a Mumbai train two decades ago, said corruption and mismanagement are main reasons for the current state of the rail system.

"Mumbai is the cash cow of Indian Railways. So even though the authorities may cry about the paucity of funds, the fact is that Mumbai is a lucrative posting" for Indian Railways officials, he said.

Zaveri accused officials of bribing their way into posts in Mumbai and shaking down station vendors.

"Indulging in corruption and not improvement of services is the focus," he told AFP.

A senior Mumbai railway official, declining to be named, said approval had been given for automatic doors on all local coaches to prevent people falling, but that these would be difficult to fit while keeping trains on schedule.

"The (safety) problem is known, but the solution is problematic," he said, declining to say whether his colleagues were involved in corruption.

Improving India's notoriously bad infrastructure, from its roads and railways to its unreliable power supply, is seen as key to kickstarting slowing economic growth. Both major parties currently contesting national elections have pledged to tackle the problem.

But complex politics and constraints on land in Mumbai have led to ambitious past projects being delayed by years and failing to significantly combat congestion.

Transport experts have criticised a partly-finished monorail project, so far only stretching for 8.8 kilometres (5.5 miles) in the city's east, for overshooting its deadline and budget, while a long-awaited and expensive Metro rail project is yet to open.

Mumbai 'out of focus'Despite Mumbai's wealth, the city is part of the much larger, mostly rural, Maharashtra state, whose legislators are mostly more interested in their hinterland constituencies, said Uttara Sahasrabuddhe, professor in civics and politics at the University of Mumbai.

"Issues of Mumbai remain out of focus," she said.

The ruling Congress party, which has dominated Maharashtra for most of its history, created new agencies to wrest control of spending after it lost power over Mumbai's municipal corporation to a local rival in the 1990s, Sahasrabuddhe explained.

Hence Mumbai's own representatives "can do little more than plead with the Congress-led state government about city spending," she added.

One such agency, the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority or MMRDA, points to other factors causing delays.

"The biggest issue in Mumbai is securing land rights to start building your project. Land is so scarce that nobody budges even an inch," Dilip Kawathkar, MMRDA spokesman, told AFP.

Mumbai has two recent transport success stories: a swanky new international airport terminal and a "Sea Link" toll bridge connecting the city's north and south -- but critics say they benefit just a wealthy fraction of the city.

As public transport options for the masses fail to improve, more and more residents are piling on to the roads on motorbikes and in cars.

"In a city which is so short on space, the focus should be on stopping more cars from getting on to the road. We seem to be consciously doing the opposite," said local transport expert Ashok Datar.