Objective To observe and evaluate the clinical effect of tamsulosin combined with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy(URSL) in the treatment of ureteral calculi in elderly patients.Methods A total of 84 cases of ureteral calculi were randomly divided into two groups,the control group only receiving URSL,the treatment group receiving tamsulosin 3 days before URSL additionally. The surgery success rate,stone clearance rate after surgery,the occurrence rate of renal colic and pain were compared. Results The success rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group.After 3-day and 7-day treatment,the differences of stone clearance rate between the two groups were not significant(P0. 05),while after 2-week and 4-week treatment,the stone clearance rate in the treatment group was much higher than that in the control group(P 0. 05). The incidence rate of renal colic and VAS score of the treatment group were lower than those of the control group(P0. 05). Conclusions Tamsulosin can not only improve the success rate of surgery and promote the excretion of gravel after URSL,but also increase quality of life and reduce expulsion time,which is worthy of clinical application.