Roman Ireland, known in Latin as Hibernia, refers to the period of Roman rule over the areas of the island of Ireland, beginning in the First Century AD. In 83 AD the Roman governor of Britannia, Gnaeus Julius Agricola, launched an invasion of Hibernia to install the puppet king Túathal Techtmar as high king of Ireland. The Romans under Agricola conquered a small portion of the Irish coastline, centered around the city of Eblana, and supported the creation of a large client kingdom under Túathal Techtmar, known as the Kingdom of Meath.

In 108 AD the first largescale invasion sanctioned by an emperor would be launched by Trajan, which further grew Roman possessions, and caused the submission of numerous other Irish kingdoms as client states. In 109 AD Roman possessions in Ireland had grown to the point where it was no longer feasible for them to be combined with Britannia, and that year Trajan created the province of Hibernia, with Manius Laberius Maximus, a general in the second campaign in Ireland, as its first governor.