1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, 2Department of Biology and Center for Microbial Sciences, San Diego State University

1Pneumococcal Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 2Allergy & Immune Disorders, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, 3Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, 4Department of Microbiology & Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne

1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 2Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 3New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York

1Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 2Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad

1Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison

1Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 2DOE Joint Genome Institute, 3Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, 4Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado

1Biomedical Research Centre in Microbial Diseases, National Institute for Health Research, 2Respiratory Infection Group, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, 3Respiratory Infection Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, 4Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 5Comprehensive Local Research Network, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital Trust, 6Department of Respiratory Research, University Hospital Aintree

1Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 2Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 3Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University

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JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is the world’s first PubMed-indexed scientific video journal. Its mission is to advance scientific research and education by increasing productivity, reproducibility, and efficiency of knowledge transfer for scientists, educators, and students worldwide through visual learning solutions.