On Oct. 8, 1912, the tiny Kingdom of Montenegro declared war on a weakened Ottoman Empire, kicking off what is now known as the First Balkan War. Three other Balkan states in league with the Montenegrins—Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia—rapidly followed suit, waging war on the Turks, the old imperial enemy, while drawing upon a wellspring of national sentiment in each of their homelands. By March 1913, their blood-soaked campaigns had effectively pushed the enfeebled Ottomans out of Europe. Yet by July, Greece and Serbia would clash with Bulgaria in what’s known as the Second Balkan War—a bitter month-long struggle that saw more territory change hands, more villages razed and more bodies dumped into the earth. Some 200,000 soldiers died in less than a year, while countless civilians were slaughtered in pogroms or died of disease and starvation. The conflict, as argued here, in many senses set the tone for the future of war and ethnic strife in the 20th century.

pic. 3 - "Soldiers remove the dead from the battlefield at Adrianople during the First Balkan War". It's obvious that the dead is not a soldier, but a civilian. Maybe a Bulgarian, judging by his clothes. (The soldiers are Bulgarian for sure because they have Bulgarian uniforms on them.)

pic. 12 - "Soldiers pose with their weapons on the sidelines of a battlefield in an undated photograph". You say that the photograph is undated, how did you know then that they are "soldiers near a battlefield"?! If you had done some research, you would know that they are not soldiers (they have no uniforms!), but leaders of the Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation, the second from the left being Atanas Babata, a famous one. And they are not "near a battlefield", but at a meeting far from any battlefields. (Note that some of them have the then Bulgarian coat of arms on their hats, which indicates their national national consciousness.)

pic. 13 - "A Slavic soldier telephones news during the Balkan Wars, October 1913" What does that 'Slavic' mean?! There was not a country with such a name involved in the conflict. The soldier on the picture wears a Bulgarian uniform, so he is Bulgarian.

pic. 15 - "... Ottoman soldiers sport the their "fez" caps, headgear traditional to the whole region, across faiths...". These are NOT Ottoman soldiers. You can see real Ottoman soldiers on pic. 1. Maybe they look more like Albanians (pic 2)? The traditional Ottoman fez is dark red (without any sign on it) but the traditional Albanian fez is white, like these on the picture.

Yes, this war did foreshadow the future of the region. Serbs wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina but the Austrians took care of that. It was not Montenegro who initiated the war with the Turks. It was the Serbs. They made a deal with Bulgarians. If the Bulgarians would join them then they would give them Macedonia south of Ohrid. By the way, the Serbs were supplying Albanians with arms and using that as a way to begin the war with the Turks. The point is that even today as I write this, Serbs are back at the game. They are looking at expanding by stealing territory in the name of some ancient lie.

Seems the Macedonians didn't existed during this period, which is very strange because most of the battles were fought by them on Macedonian ground, where the actual front-line was separating Macedonia in two parts. It is hard to watch pictures with dead people which are not even mentioned, and stupid also. I hope you will understand.

@samaELightbringer You even don't know how right are you! Macedonians as an ethnic group didn't exist at that time, the decisive point of their ethnogenesis being the creation of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia after World War II, as a part of Yougoslavia. At the time of the Balkan Wars the greater part of the Slavic population of the region of Macedonia defined themselves as Bulgarians.

"Bulgarian airmen prepare for a mission to drop a bomb by hand on Adrianople (now Edirne, Turkey), from their Bleriot XI aircraft, during the First Balkan War, circa 1913. The Bulgarian Air Force was the first to use aircraft for offensive military action."The statement is rather inaccurate: the Italian air force during the Libyan campaign of 1911-1912 (Italo Turk war) used four balloons, 2 blimps and 28 aircraft. On October 23, 1911, the Italian pilot Captain Carlo Maria Piazza flew over the Turkish lines on a reconnaissance mission, and on November 1 of the same year, the aviator Giulio Gavotti launched by hand the first aerial bomb (the size of an orange ) on Turkish troops stationed in Libya.

Because after Jewish were living for many years in Ottoman Country, they alliance with United Kingdom to make the fall of Ottoman Country which brought relation between European and Jewish until today.

@Aleksandar011 Ottoman doesn't start the war until the enemy decline the agreement by some crimes. Jewish don't have country and they were living in many place but large number of Jewish were assaulted in Europe then Ottoman country received them called Jewish Dönmeh. Sultan Fateh Muhammed was the first who used cannon against enemy. Churches are still in Turkey for hundred years not one year.

In Balkans majority of population were Orthodox Christians, under awful Turkish jihadist occupation. This wars were freedom fighting in it's purist form. As for Jews they lived in Balkans since the times of Byzantine empire, in Thessaloniki for example, and they didn't took any part in fighting. United Kingdom was actually military supplier of Ottoman empire so your theory makes no sense.

It's awful thing that parts of Balkans, Constantinople for example are still under occupation. Balkan peoples, specially Greeks should rule their lands.