Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease in Western countries and some Asian countries,and currently the incidence of NAFLD continues to increase worldwide. NAFLD encompasses a pathologic spectrum of disease,from relatively benign accumulation of lipid( steatosis) to progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis( NASH) associated with inflammation,fibrosis,necrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Without an effective available treatment,the prognosis of NASH is poor due to the high risk of progressive liver diseases such as cirrhosis and carcinoma,making it a great burden in health worldwide. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease,apart from environmental and genetical factors,recent studies suggest that gut microbiota might be implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.Here,the relationship between gut microbiota and NAFLD was reviewed.