The path to Irish freedom

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Transcript of The path to Irish freedom

The Journey to Irish FreedomPrinciples of the proclamation:

that the Rising marked another wave of attempts to achieve independence through force of arms;that the Irish Republican Brotherhood, the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army were central to the Rising;"the right of the people of Ireland to the ownership of Ireland"that the form of government was to be a republic;a guarantee of "religious and civil liberty, equal rights and equal opportunities to all its citizens", the first mention of gender equality, given that Irish women under British law were not allowed to vote;a commitment to universal suffrage, a phenomenon limited at the time to only a handful of countries, not including Britain;a promise to cherish "all the children of the nation equally"Self-sacrificeThe Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB)Politics and The LandAfter the famine:The Land War!From MayoEntered a workhouse after being evicted1870 - Gladstone First Land Act: No 3 F's

Irish Republican Brotherhood member

}The 3 F's

Fair Rent Fixity of TenureFair SaleThe Irish Land League - founded in 1879 Die-hard IrishRepublicanProtestant Irish landownerAfter the 'Great Hunger'More land because less peopleA lot of vacated farms because of emigrationUlster's successThe 3 F'sLandowner, farmer and labourerRise of Fenianism (Being a Fenian)Home RuleHome Rule?Easter RisingWar of IndependenceIrish Tenant League1858 - First meeting.Originally just called the 'Organisation.'It's first members come from the failed uprising during the 'Great Hunger.'Only had one policy Irish freedomMichael DavittStewart ParnellIsaac Butt1867 Fenian Uprising includes dynamiting mainland England.JODY: What do you believe in?FERGUS: That you guys shouldn't be here.JODY: It's that simple?FERGUS: Yes.Home Rule BillsMichael Collins and James ConnellyFilm's ThemesRaceSexualityGenderPoliticalFreedomSelf-sacrifice"From my earliest youth I have regarded the connection between Ireland and England as the curse of the Irish nation, and felt while it lasted that this country could neither be free nor happy"Fenians and ViolenceTheobold WolfetoneLeader of the Irish Home Rule Party convinced British PrimeMinister William Gladstone to supportIrish motions in the British Parliament"My mission is to pacify Ireland."1881 - 2nd Irish Land Act: 3 F's- Forced through Home Rule land objectives- Especially focused on stopping evictions.- led to the 'Land War 1879-1882'- coined the term 'boycott'- Had their own courts.Suspended operations in favour of supporting the Home Rule Party in the 1870'sIn conclusion

The Land Question.Famine - American supportN.IrelandIrish Republican Brotherhood15 leaders were executed by firing squadGrowth in Republicanism - Sinn Fein became the lead government1917 Thomas Ashe death on hunger strikeAnti British sentiment returns + 1918 conscription crisis.Ascendency of Michael Collins and Eamon De Valera1919-19211921-19231948Anglo-Irish War/War of IndependenceIrish Civil WarThe Republican of Ireland ActLand Acts1882 - Kilmainham Treaty***- 2,000,000 pounds of debt written off.Anglo-Irish War by numbers(cc) image by anemoneprojectors on Flickr(cc) image by anemoneprojectors on FlickrDeathsCivilians

Irish Republican Army

British Army750550714Military strengthIRA

Free State

Civilians20,00015,000(9,700 Royal Irish Constabulary)(7,000 Black and tans)(Only 3,000 served at one time)N/ACivil War by numbersDeathsMilitary strength1,000-3,000800>25055,00015,000First Irish Home Rule Bill defeated in the House of Commons and never introduced in the House of Lords.

Second Irish Home Rule Bill passed the House of Commons, but defeated in the House of Lords.

Third Irish Home Rule Bill passed under the Parliament Act after House of Lords defeats, with Royal Assent as the Government of Ireland Act 1914 but never came into force, due to the intervention of World War I (1914–18)