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Healthy, Active, Barefoot Kids

Kids these days! I sound like my grandparents saying that, but the difference is while they were perhaps referring to some punk kid tailgating them on their way home from their weekly Bingo game, I’m referring to the kids walking around in pumped-up-kicks whose health and fitness levels fall very short of achieving any Presidential Fitness Award.

Raising healthy kids starts with the feet, and that means the bare feet. It's what our parents and grandparents did as kids. It's what Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer did too, and they had some pretty cool adventures. Now kids would rather stay indoors, texting and friending on Facebook instead of playing with friends outside. With little exercise to speak of, and processed junk food the norm in many households and school cafeterias, it's no wonder that most countries have a runaway problem with childhood obesity – approximately one-third of American kids are either overweight or obese. Raising a healthy and fit kid isn’t necessarily easy, but it’s well worth your time, and I’m going to suggest you proceed from the ground up.

Kids, from their elementary school days up through high school, appear to be much less active and less healthy than their parents when they were at that age. Fast food often occupies school lunches, unless they’re eating something processed either from home or the vending machine. Physical education classes have slowly been eliminated, and those that remain are either focused on health and sexual education or the gym class has adopted less intense exercise routines, such as the parachute and childhood interaction - skills that do benefit all kids - but ultimately they are not running, jumping, climbing, and playing like they could be. They often get home from school exhausted as many have been gone for 8-12 hours, much like they’re already in a full-time job. They once again eat a nutritionally poor after-school snack and then veg-out in front of the TV or computer. More kids are becoming overweight and obese and they live much of their childhood lives indoors, many never experiencing daily, or even weekly, outdoor activities.

The health of the child starts long before they’re born, and even before conception as much of the health of that child is dependent on the mom’s health. Her diet, lifestyle, hormonal influence, and emotional well-being will all affect how healthy her baby is. Once the baby is born, his or her health is still dependant on the mom for some time, as hopefully breast milk is the only thing on the menu. Eventually, right around a year, give or take, that child is going to start walking, and essentially their developing fitness becomes a part of life.

As soon as that infant starts to cruise and eventually walk the feet become perhaps the most important non-organ part of the body. What the parent does now can help or hinder their child’s development. Will they put their child in shoes like so many pediatricians recommend? Or will they keep their child barefoot or in sock-like shoes? Unfortunately parents are told shoes give the toddler support “because they need it.” Hopefully the parents have educated themselves and know that their child’s feet are already made perfectly and going barefoot as much as possible, (or in moccasin-like shoes if protection is needed outside), is the best way to not only help their child’s structural development, but also their neurological development.

Each foot is home to approximately 7,000 nerve endings and the information they receive and pass on to the rest of the body is anything less than extraordinary. When that child’s foot feels the ground, the thousands of touch receptors in the nerve endings feed back to the rest of the entire nervous system. As the nervous system runs the entire body, any foot impairment, dysfunction, imbalance, or improper footwear can not only hinder them directly, (such as lower leg function and balance), but their entire health.

As a child grows their foot gradually replaces the cartilage with bone. Improper footwear worn by kids during this stage means that the bones do not develop correctly and a lifetime of foot problems can result. As kids gain weight and eventually enter puberty their risk of foot ailments seems to drastically increase and improper shoes are perhaps part of the blame. Unhealthy diets and lack of physical activity most likely play a part too.

Many are beginning to realize that minimalist shoes are important for healthy and fit kids. However, the medical establishment tends to be conservative on the issue and raise doubts with parents who may question whether this minimalist thing is just a recent, perhaps even harmful, fad. David Davidson, D.P.M., president of the American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine (AAPSM), stated, "Kids should not be running in 'minimalist footwear' at all and, as in other shoes, should be wearing brand name running shoes with good motion control, cushioning, etc." However, there is no research to back up this position. Is it possible that overbuilt shoes contradict the medical mandate to "first, do no harm?"

Once your child is walking and standing correctly, (remember parents, you don't have to work to get a toddler or young child to move - it comes natural), either because they are barefoot or in a very minimalist type shoe, it’s time to get them back into activity if they aren’t already involved. Outside activities are best, if that’s possible, so the child can interact with nature and develop with all the sensory and motor information received. If you want to encourage your child to be more active, make it fun. My kids like obstacle courses, running and climbing games, and turning yard work into a game. Check out my 2-year old Paxton carrying a rock across the yard in his Vivo Barefoot shoes. He’s barefoot most of the time, but these new shoes are just so cool he wants to wear them all the time.

Your barefoot-exercising kid now is ready for their final step towards health and fitness perfection with a change from their processed, sugary diet to one rich in whole foods, clean water, and items that don’t come in a box, can, or bag. Start weaning your child off juice and soda and onto just water and perhaps some organic whole milk. Hopefully your infant or toddler never became accustomed to juice or soda but if they did, it's not too late to make healthier choices. Get your child eating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds and high protein foods (eggs & meats) throughout the day and limit or eliminate white flours and sugars.

The Three Keys To A Healthy, Active, Barefoot Child:

Encourage kids to go barefoot whenever possible whether they are inside or outside – as long as the terrain is safe. If the terrain warrants shoes, have your child wear minimalist shoes during those times. No need for “running shoes.” Running shoes are often miniature versions of over-supported, built-up adult shoes that are terrible for developing feet. The shoes should have a low heel height, low to the ground, very little cushioning, flexible throughout the shoe, plenty of room in the toe box (where a child’s foot is widest), and very light.

Your active child should participate in a wide variety of physical activities and games that build strength, endurance, and overall fitness.

Educate your child on eating healthy foods as early in their life as possible. Lead by example – healthy food choices should be a family affair.

About the Author

Dr. Steve Gangemi is a chiropractic physician practicing in Chapel Hill, NC. He uses holistic methods such as dietary, nutritional, and lifestyle changes as well as various body therapies to help both his child and adult patients get well naturally. Dr. Gangemi is shoe-less most of the day, and always in the office. More on his practice can be found at www.drgangemi.com. He also has a website dedicated to injury prevention and treatment for athletes, where he plays his alter-ego the “Sock Doc.” Check it out at www.sock-doc.com.

I've been trying to figure out what minimalist shoes to get the kids for hiking this summer. The Vivo shoes look great, but are a little out of our budget.... Luckily we won't be hiking until June or July with this wet/snowy weather ;)

Unfortunately, because Damien does all the shoe research in our home and purchasing I don't have much to offer in the way of ideas for minimalist shoes for kids. It's an important subject though and it would be great if someone could write an article with ideas for "minimizing" the cost for "minimalist" shoes for children. Because you're totally right, many minimalist children's shoes are expensive and just not affordable for families with several children who are growing through shoe sizes each season.

We have found cheap minimalist options, mainly in water shoes, for our younger kids needs and now that they are older they can wear the smallest sized women's shoes which we buy online and on sale. We've been experimenting over the years but now there are more options on the market. Also, passing along shoes from older to younger siblings is something we regularly do and plan for when purchasing.

But I see a real need here at ToeSalad for someone to review and write about children's shoes.

I love doing gear reviews- it is the way I have been able to outfit my family. I just was offered a review from Star Shoes and am looking for another for my older son. While I love getting the free gear for us, it would be great to find some cost effective ways for everyone to get into minimalist shoes. We'll have to look into water shoes. (and if Damien needs someone to review kids shoes....)

Passing down from sibling to sibling is great, but I am finding out it doesn't always work. Since my kids are 18 months apart (one with an Aug bday and the other at the end of Jan)we end up with winter clothes that fit the little guy in summer and summer wear that fits in winter. I'm sure this will change as they get older and stay in a size for more than 3-6 months (that will happen, won't it?), but for now I am wishing the boys had been born in the same season ;)

My youngest (6) has become very keen on going barefoot. We do all our dogs walks barefoot together, but winter is coming and I am looking for some shoes for both of us. He will also need his for school. Unfortunately choice here in New Zealand is very limited. we can get five fingers, but I wouldn't send him to school in those and I also don't fancy the whole monkey feet look.

You can buy shoes like the Vivo Barefoot Pallys on-line as well as other minimalist type shoes. Here's a link to Two Rivers Treads Kids Page and you'll see at the bottom they have a template where you can measure you child's feet. I sized my kids up a full size to get more last out of them.

Here in Australia, we have had Dunlop Volleys, a cheap spotrs shoe for over 4 decades. They were what we wore for sports shoes in my childhood, late fifties on! Are minimalist, zero drop, a tread favoured by both bushwalkers and roofers, obviously for their grip. Have really come back into "vogue", also available in Nth america. Also, what we call "Chinese happy shoes" are inexpensive, though plastic soles don't have much traction. I noted though, they were the footwear of choice for local porters when I was the Podiatrist on 230km Great Walk To Beijing in 2008 - over wildly varying terrain.

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