Acids and bases react to form a salt and water. This is known as a neutralisation reaction. The hydrogen in the acid is replaced with a metal from the base. e.g. HCl + NaOH -> NaCl + H2O.

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How are acids and bases neutralised?

Acids and bases are neutralised in a titration reaction. The acid is placed in a burette, and the base is placed in a conical flask.

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What is an element?

An element is a substance which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. An element is made up of only one type of atom.

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What is an atom?

An atom is the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element. Atoms are made of sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons and electrons.

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What are isotopes?

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

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What is a molecule?

A molecule is the smallest part of a compound that can exist on its own. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms bond together.

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What is a compound?

A compound has its own properties, which are different to those of the elements the compound is made of. For example, NaCl (table salt) consists of sodium and chlorine. A compound is formed when two or more elements chemically combined

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What is a mixture?

A mixture consists of two or more elements which are mixed together but are not chemically combined

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What are the different was of separating mixtures?

Filtration, chromatography, distillation, evaporation

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What is matter?

Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

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What is the name of the first group in the periodic table?

The alkali metals

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What is the name of the second group?

The alkaline earth metals

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What is the seventh group called?

The halogens

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What is the eighth group called?

The noble gases

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What does air consist of?

Air cosists of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen,

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How to make oxygen

Oxygen is prepared by the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide using manganese dioxide as a cataylast. 2H2O2 + MnO2 -> 2H2O + O2.

Soft water is water that forms a lather easily with soap. Hard water does not form a lather easily with soap.

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How is water hardness caused?

Water hardness is caused by the presence of dissolved calcium ions.

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How do you remove water hardness?

Hardness in water is removed by distillation or using an ion exchange resin.

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What is electrolysis?

Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis.Hydrogen is formed at the negative electrode, oxygen is formed at the positive electrode. A Hoffman voltmeter is used in electrolysis of water.

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What is an alloy?

An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals. Bronze is a mixture of copper and tin. Steel is a mixture of iron and carbon. Brass is a mixture of copper and zinc.

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What is an activity series?

The activity series is a list of metals in decreasing order of reactivity

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What are the properties of metal?

Usually solids(except for mercury) Malleable, Good conductors of heat and electricity Lustrous (shiny) appearance, Ductile, Usually very dense,High melting points, Usually corrode