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The common mulberry (Morus spp.) is a deciduous shade tree that is hardy to U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 4 or 5 through 8. It produces small, edible fruits, commonly known as “mulberries.” The fruits grow up to 1/2 inch long and are dark purple to black in color when ripe; some mulberry varieties produce white fruits. Mulberries are eaten fresh and used to make jelly, wine and desserts. Mulberry trees grow in various conditions, allowing them to have a long lifespan.

Typical Lifespan

Although mulberry trees are highly adaptable to a range of growing conditions, their lifespan still depends on the care they are given over an extended period of time. The two closely related species of mulberry trees are white mulberry (Morus alba) and red mulberry (Morus rubra). White mulberry trees have been known to live for more than 100 years while red mulberry trees rarely live more than 75 years. Most mulberry trees grown in landscapes have a lifespan of only 25 to 50 years. Improper pruning, inadequate water, insects and diseases shorten the life of mulberry trees.

Growth Rate and Size

Mulberry trees are rated as fast-growing, capable of developing 10 to 12 feet during a six-year period. White mulberry trees can grow to 80 feet tall at maturity while red mulberry trees tops out at 70 feet with a comparable spread. The trees have a dense habit, with a round-topped canopy and tightly knitted slender branches, often developing a “witches' broom.”

Proper Culture

Mulberry trees grow best in locations that have full sun exposure, but they perform well in partial shade, too. They prefer moist, well-draining soil that is fertile but tolerate a range of soil conditions, including gravely, wet and alkaline soils, making them a good candidate for controlling erosion. They transplant easily and adapt to urban and seaside conditions.

Pests and Diseases

Like many trees, mulberry trees often are affected by insect-related injuries and diseases, such as white peach scale, bacterial blight, leaf spots, cankers and two-spotted mites. When a mulberry tree is infected, the cause should be identified and controlled or it is likely to kill the tree eventually. Insect pests can be controlled with an insecticidal program; follow all label instructions listed on the insecticide container.

About the Author

Dannielle Doyle is an award-winning horticulturalist and garden writer whose work has appeared in publications such as the "Bryan Times" newspaper, the "San Francisco Chronicle" and "Green Profits" magazine. Doyle is a certified Ohio State University master gardener and holds a degree in landscape technologies.