"Projects and decision making" is an important subject for MBA students----Part---2

As a result of the changing and competitive environment Many organisations, nowadays, are utilizing project teams as the base of its framework to achieve their strategic goals (Syed & Murray 2008; Elsass and Graves, 1997; Rosen & Kirkman 2000) and better their personal performance over time (Murray and Moses, 2005). According to Sessa & London (2011), teams are becoming the fundamental components of organizations. The continual use of teamwork in most organizations, as a result of this, has turned to be a springboard to understand team processes leading to effectiveness (Sessa & London, 2011; Ilgen & Kozlowski, 2006; Ilgen et al., 2005).

Furthermore, teamwork in organization has influenced a need for higher educational institutions to prepare students to work in teams and become productive team players (Sessa & London, 2011). These project teams could be a group of people performing the work of the project (PMBOK, 2000).

Project Management (PM)

According to (Larson & Drexler Jr., 2010), in these days, there is a great demand for the people (for doing right things at the right time) or to say the ‘achievers’. This tells upon the effective and efficient project management. Drawing in De Bony (2010), the purpose of PM is to increase the work structure; however in due course of time it has become a concept. According to (PMBOK, 2000), a project may be a combination of an action or its failure in such an area which is affected by some other agent. It furthers to inform that a project management is the use of skill, knowledge, techniques and tools, relating to the activities of projects for fulfilling the project prerequisites.

Citing (De Bony, 2010), as per the explanation of an effective literature, a project management should be not that what it is actually. Messeghem and Schmitt, (2004) and De Bony (2010) view that the work arrangement that can exceed the known professional division is the determinant of PM. The definition of project management was developed by Larson & Drexler Jr. (2010). PM is regarded to be the managerial technique’s new fashion. Larson & Drexler Jr. (2010) also inform that PM is also a system of accomplishing a project, right from the beginning to its completion and also for attaining pre-fixed goals of cost, time, quality and scope. Hence, project management is constituent of 4 phases that has relation to the product life cycles, which requires proper definition, planning, followed by duly executing and terminating of stages.

Cultural Divergence

Even a perfect society without freedom and culture can be perceived as jungle, as is viewed by Albert Camus, who furthers to say that this makes any authentic creation is nothing less than a gift to the future. As regards to the various dimensions of human attitude, (Soares et al, 2006) complex influences are comprised of culture. Since culture remains as the fundamental part of any society, it can be understood as the behaviour’s learned part; it also stands as the living culture of a person. The definition of culture by Hofstede (1991) stands apart from many other authors or researchers, as it states that the beliefs & assumptions and pattern of values are defined under culture. The shared meaning of which is acquired by the group members. This is firmly related with intentions, beliefs, norms and attitudes, (Hofstede, 1991), while self is constituted by values. Drawing Wild et al., (2012), a set of institution, rules, beliefs and values defines culture which is held by a specific group of people.