(1/30648) Validation of the Rockall risk scoring system in upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

BACKGROUND: Several scoring systems have been developed to predict the risk of rebleeding or death in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). These risk scoring systems have not been validated in a new patient population outside the clinical context of the original study. AIMS: To assess internal and external validity of a simple risk scoring system recently developed by Rockall and coworkers. METHODS: Calibration and discrimination were assessed as measures of validity of the scoring system. Internal validity was assessed using an independent, but similar patient sample studied by Rockall and coworkers, after developing the scoring system (Rockall's validation sample). External validity was assessed using patients admitted to several hospitals in Amsterdam (Vreeburg's validation sample). Calibration was evaluated by a chi2 goodness of fit test, and discrimination was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Calibration indicated a poor fit in both validation samples for the prediction of rebleeding (p<0.0001, Vreeburg; p=0.007, Rockall), but a better fit for the prediction of mortality in both validation samples (p=0.2, Vreeburg; p=0.3, Rockall). The areas under the ROC curves were rather low in both validation samples for the prediction of rebleeding (0.61, Vreeburg; 0.70, Rockall), but higher for the prediction of mortality (0.73, Vreeburg; 0.81, Rockall). CONCLUSIONS: The risk scoring system developed by Rockall and coworkers is a clinically useful scoring system for stratifying patients with acute UGIB into high and low risk categories for mortality. For the prediction of rebleeding, however, the performance of this scoring system was unsatisfactory. (+info)

The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of predicting anxiety and depression 6 months after a cancer diagnosis on the basis of measures of anxiety, depression, coping and subjective distress associated with the diagnosis and to explore the possibility of identifying individual patients with high levels of delayed anxiety and depression associated with the diagnosis. A consecutive series of 159 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were interviewed in connection with the diagnosis, 3 months (non-cured patients only) and 6 months later. The interviews utilized structured questionnaires assessing anxiety and depression [Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale], coping [Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale] and subjective distress [Impact of Event (IES) scale]. Patient anxiety and depression close to the diagnosis were found to explain approximately 35% of the variance in anxiety and depression that was found 6 months later. The addition of coping and subjective distress measures did little to improve that prediction. A model using (standardized) cut-off scores of moderate to high anxiety, depression (HAD) and intrusive thoughts (IES subscale) close to the diagnosis to identify patients at risk for delayed anxiety and depression achieved a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 98%. Levels of anxiety and depression at diagnosis predicted a similar status 6 months later. The results also indicated that the HAD scale in combination with the IES intrusion subscale may be used as a tool for detecting patients at risk of delayed anxiety and depression. (+info)

We prospectively investigated the prognostic significance of free peritoneal tumour cells (FPTC) in a series of 118 patients with completely resected gastric carcinoma. Immunocytochemistry with the monoclonal antibody Ber-Ep4 was performed on cytospins from intraoperative peritoneal lavage specimens. Twenty-three patients (20%) had FPTC which was significantly correlated with pT and pN categories, stage, tumour size, lymphatic invasion, Lauren and WHO classifications and perigastric adipose tissue metastases. The median survival time for all FPTC positive compared with negative patients was significantly shorter (11 compared with >72 months), with estimated 5-year survival rates of 8% vs. 60%. None of the patients with FPTC had an early gastric cancer. In advanced tumour subgroups without and with serosal invasion (n = 59 and 35), there were 19% and 34% with FPTC. Multivariate survival analysis showed nodal status, FPTC, mesenteric lymphangiosis, and lymph node metastasis to the compartment III to be independent prognostic factors with relative risks of 6.6, 4.5, 2.9 and 2.2 respectively. Recurrent disease occurred in 91% of FPTC-positive and in 38% of FPTC-negative patients. FPTC had a positive predictive value of 91% and a specificity of 97% for tumour recurrence. FPTC is a strong negative, independent prognostic indicator for survival in gastric carcinoma. (+info)

(4/30648) Profound variation in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in human blood cells: major implications for the detection of partly deficient patients.

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is responsible for the breakdown of the widely used antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5FU), thereby limiting the efficacy of the therapy. To identify patients suffering from a complete or partial DPD deficiency, the activity of DPD is usually determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM cells). In this study, we demonstrated that the highest activity of DPD was found in monocytes followed by that of lymphocytes, granulocytes and platelets, whereas no significant activity of DPD could be detected in erythrocytes. The activity of DPD in PBM cells proved to be intermediate compared with the DPD activity observed in monocytes and lymphocytes. The mean percentage of monocytes in the PBM cells obtained from cancer patients proved to be significantly higher than that observed in PBM cells obtained from healthy volunteers. Moreover, a profound positive correlation was observed between the DPD activity of PBM cells and the percentage of monocytes, thus introducing a large inter- and intrapatient variability in the activity of DPD and hindering the detection of patients with a partial DPD deficiency. (+info)

(5/30648) Prognostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with high exercise tolerance.

BACKGROUND: Although high exercise tolerance is associated with an excellent prognosis, the significance of abnormal myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with high exercise tolerance has not been established. This study retrospectively compares the utility of MPI and exercise ECG (EECG) in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 388 consecutive patients who underwent exercise MPI and reached at least Bruce stage IV, 157 (40.5%) had abnormal results and 231 (59.5%) had normal results. Follow-up was performed at 18+/-2.7 months. Adverse events, including revascularization, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death, occurred in 40 patients. Nineteen patients had revascularization related to the MPI results or the patient's condition at the time of MPI and were not included in further analysis. Seventeen patients (12.2%) with abnormal MPI and 4 (1.7%) with normal MPI had adverse cardiac events (P<0.001). Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis showed that MPI was an excellent predictor of cardiac events (global chi2=13.2; P<0.001; relative risk=8; 95% CI=3 to 23) but EECG had no predictive power (global chi2=0.05; P=0.8; relative risk=1; 95% CI=0.4 to 3.0). The addition of Duke's treadmill score risk categories did not improve the predictive power of EECG (global chi2=0.17). The predictive power of the combination of EECG (including Duke score categories) and MPI was no better than that of MPI alone (global chi2=13.5). CONCLUSIONS: Unlike EECG, MPI is an excellent prognostic indicator for adverse cardiac events in patients with known or suspected CAD and high exercise tolerance. (+info)

BACKGROUND: After regular coronary balloon angioplasty, it would be helpful to identify those patients who have a low cardiac event rate. Coronary angiography alone is not sensitive enough for that purpose, but it has been suggested that the combination of optimal angiographic and optimal functional results indicates a low restenosis chance. Pressure-derived myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an index of the functional severity of the residual epicardial lesion and could be useful for that purpose. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 60 consecutive patients with single-vessel disease, balloon angioplasty was performed by use of a pressure instead of a regular guide wire. Both quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and measurement of FFR were performed 15 minutes after the procedure. A successful angioplasty result, defined as a residual diameter stenosis (DS) <50%, was achieved in 58 patients. In these patients, DS and FFR, measured 15 minutes after PTCA, were analyzed in relation to clinical outcome. In those 26 patients with both optimal angiographic (residual DS by QCA =35%) and optimal functional (FFR >/=0.90) results, event-free survival rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 92+/-5%, 92+/-5%, and 88+/-6%, respectively, versus 72+/-8%, 69+/-8%, and 59+/-9%, respectively, in the remaining 32 patients in whom the angiographic or functional result or both were suboptimal (P=0.047, P=0.028, and P=0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a residual DS =35% and FFR >/=0.90, clinical outcome up to 2 years is excellent. Therefore, there is a complementary value of coronary angiography and coronary pressure measurement in the evaluation of PTCA result. (+info)

At our institution, the cytomegalovirus (CMV) prophylaxis protocol for allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients who are CMV-seropositive or receive marrow from a CMV-seropositive donor consists of a surveillance bronchoscopy approximately 35 days posttransplant. Patients with a positive surveillance bronchoscopy for CMV receive pre-emptive ganciclovir. In order to determine the utility of other screening methods for CMV, we prospectively performed weekly CMV antigenemia, and blood, urine and throat cultures from time of engraftment to day 120 post-BMT in 126 consecutive patients. Pre-emptive ganciclovir was given to 11/81 patients (13.6%) because of a positive surveillance bronchoscopy for CMV. Results of CMV blood, urine and throat cultures and the antigenemia assay done prior to or at the time of the surveillance bronchoscopy were analyzed for their ability to predict the bronchoscopy result. The antigenemia test had the highest positive and negative predictive values (72% and 96%, respectively). The ability of these tests to predict CMV disease was evaluated in the 70 patients with a negative surveillance bronchoscopy who did not receive pre-emptive ganciclovir. Of 19 cases of active CMV disease, CMV antigenemia was positive in 15 patients (79%) a mean of 34 days preceding symptoms. Blood cultures were positive in 14/19 patients (74%) a mean of 31 days before onset of disease. CMV antigenemia is useful for predicting the surveillance bronchoscopy result, and also predicts the development of CMV disease in the majority of patients missed by the surveillance bronchoscopy. (+info)

BACKGROUND: Proper treatment of lymph node-negative breast cancer depends on an accurate prognosis. To improve prognostic models for this disease, we evaluated whether an immunohistochemical marker for proliferating cells, Ki-S2 (a monoclonal antibody that binds to a 100-kd nuclear protein expressed in S, G2, and M phases of the cell cycle), is an accurate indicator of prognosis. METHODS: We studied 371 Swedish women with lymph node-negative breast cancer; the median follow-up time was 95 months. The fraction of tumor cells in S phase was assessed by flow cytometry, and tumor cell proliferation was measured immunohistochemically with the monoclonal antibodies Ki-S2 and Ki-S5 (directed against the nuclear antigen Ki-67). A combined prognostic index was calculated on the basis of the S-phase fraction, progesterone receptor content, and tumor size. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses that did or did not (263 and 332 observations, respectively) include the S-phase fraction and the combined prognostic index, the Ki-S2 labeling index (percentage of antibody-stained tumor cell nuclei) emerged as the most statistically significant predictor of overall survival, disease-specific survival, and disease-free survival (all two-sided P+info)

It has a high sensitivity (65.1-100%) and negative predictive value (63-100%), with moderate specificity (32-78.5%) and positive predictive value (23.3-93.2%) for the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. (wiley.com)

It also has moderate to high sensitivity (59.1-89%) and negative predictive value (64.7-91%), but low to moderate specificity (27-78%) and positive predictive value (24-48.6%) for the diagnosis of diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. (wiley.com)

however, specificity and predictive values were low for both tests. (blogspot.com)

For example, skin test results as well as antigen-specific IgE values should not be used to validate a diagnosis of wheat allergy because their specificity and predictive values are much lower. (blogspot.com)

Cialis Prices A positive test, while specificity is the minimal stress that it is Cialis 40mg a family therapist, should be tested in this population. (mdsmeds.com)

skin prick

Workers in the latex manufacturing industry are also at risk, with one glove manufacturing plant reporting a 3.7 percent prevalence of occupational asthma caused by latex allergy among its employees, based on positive results of skin prick testing and spirometric data. (aafp.org)

As with skin prick testing for inhalant allergens, wheal size has diagnostic value for many food allergens. (blogspot.com)

sensitivity

Prick-to-prick" skin test testing with the fresh food in question can enhance the sensitivity of the skin test ( AAAAI Ask the Expert, 2012 ). (blogspot.com)

Tests requiring maximal inhalations to total lung capacity are not recommended because the bronchoprotective effect of a deep breath reduces the sensitivity of the test. (ersjournals.com)

positive

In general, as a screening test for vaginal or cervical infections, vaginal leucocyte count had moderate sensitivities and specificities, low positive predictive values, and high negative predictive values. (bmj.com)

Introduction We have previously reported prospective data of TB risk in close contacts of tuberculosis with single step interferon gamma release assay (IGRAs) screening 8-12 weeks after index notification and shown a lower positive predictive value of the test in contacts with a higher risk of prior exposure and remote latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). (bmj.com)

nocturnal pulse oximetry has a high positive predictive value for polysomnographically-diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) and is increasingly used as first screening test. (ersjournals.com)

The strongest predictive variable was right-sidedness, with positive and negative predictive values of 0.329 and 0.948 respectively. (openrepository.com)

Skin tests with commercial food allergen extracts are much less reliable than skin tests with inhalant allergens, and only a fraction of patients with positive food skin tests will react during a food challenge. (blogspot.com)

pulmonary

Up to now, though several interesting candidates are profiling there has not been a single biomarker, which proved to be specific of the disease and predictive of the evolution (decline of pulmonary function test values, risk of acute exacerbation or mortality). (ac.be)

Allergy

Thus, these tests should not be used to validate diagnosis of wheat allergy. (blogspot.com)

negative

The swinging flashlight test can detect relative afferent pupillary defects in conditions such as optic neuritis, although a negative test does not rule it out. (aafp.org)

QFT testing was performed as soon as possible after index notification (T1) and if negative repeated after 8-12 weeks (T2). (bmj.com)

The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (which primarily examined whether finasteride was effective for the prevention of prostate cancer) was unique in that a subset of participants in the control group with negative PSA test results-all less than 4.0 ng/mL-and normal digital rectal exams (2,950 out of 9,459 men) underwent prostatic biopsy at the end of the trial. (cancernetwork.com)

exam

The New York City-based nonprofit organization that administers the 88-year-old college-entrance exam unveiled a preview of the test specifications noting, however, that the materials are subject to change before the new SAT is introduced in spring 2016. (edweek.org)

But what evidence exists that the exam has predictive value? (edweek.org)

The digital rectal exam had for many years been the modality traditionally employed for prostate cancer screening, although rigorous evaluation of the test was largely lacking. (cancernetwork.com)

serum

The ultimate utility of the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay as a screening test for reducing prostate cancer mortality has been an area of intense controversy since its introduction. (cancernetwork.com)

2] However, serum PSA testing has important limitations, and it remains unclear whether any benefits of screening outweigh its harms. (cancernetwork.com)

The ascitic fluid value is subtracted from the serum value, and a difference of greater than 1.1 g/dL correlates with portal hypertension. (clinicaladvisor.com)

Pulse

10 Therefore, we believe that pulse wave analysis may provide a more suitable means of assessing endothelial function in large numbers of patients, thus answering the important question of the predictive value of endothelial function testing. (ahajournals.org)

diagnostic

Effective diagnosis of viral respiratory infections, as well as recognition and understanding of the benefits and limitations of diagnostic laboratory testing, is essential. (lww.com)

The present review summarizes current knowledge on this diagnostic test. (wiley.com)

The diagnostic ability of this test is based on a colour change from blue to pink at 10 min, with excellent reproducibility, which lends itself to patient self-examination. (wiley.com)

interpretation

Speaking at a mid-year conference, Iowa State Professor of Soil science and Nutrient Management, Dr Antonio Mallarino, reminded the audience that soil test interpretation classes should be understood in terms of probability of response. (allaboutfeed.net)

acute

The major goal of the study is test the predictive value of Hsp27 compared to the better established PAPP-A as a biomarker of acute coronary syndrome and overall cardiovascular risk. (grantome.com)

high

While not a complete solution, she said the new achievement test is more "clear and open" and intended to more narrowly focus on what is important for students to know in college and better reflect what they are learning in challenging high school coursework. (edweek.org)

That's why a different equivalency test called the High School Equivalency Test (HiSET) designed by the non-profit ETS and the University of Iowa may be a better choice in the long run. (edweek.org)

It remains to be established whether this test can predict foot ulceration and amputation, thereby contributing to the identification of high-risk patients. (wiley.com)

Screening

PSA testing was not initially envisioned as a screening tool, but as a way to evaluate treatment responses in men with prostate cancer. (cancernetwork.com)

mortality

The interim results of several randomized clinical trials specifically designed to evaluate the impact of PSA testing on prostate cancer mortality have recently become available, but their incongruent results seem to have added fuel to the debate. (cancernetwork.com)

however

However, a growing body of observational evidence began to point to a substantial burden of associated overdiagnosis and overtreatment triggered by PSA testing. (cancernetwork.com)

better

The hope is that it will also provide better predictive information in terms of college success. (edweek.org)

The new potassium recommendations document from Iowa State notes, "Research has indicated that the moist K test is more reliable than the test based on dried samples and is a better predictor of crop K fertilisation need. (allaboutfeed.net)

assessment

A simple non-invasive indicator test (Neuropad ® ) has been developed for the assessment of sweating and, hence, cholinergic innervation in the diabetic foot. (wiley.com)

Successful completion of the study would enhance the validity of plasma Hsp27 levels and Hsp27 phosphorylation as simple noninvasive outpatient tests for cardiovascular risk assessment in medically underserved populations. (grantome.com)

measurements

Timed walking tests are valid measurements to predict community walking in patients with Parkinson disease, say authors of an article published online in Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine . (apta.org)

As post-harvest soil test and fertilisation season begins, growers and ag retailers need to be aware that Iowa State University recently announced changes to potassium (K) fertility guidelines based on moist soil measurements. (allaboutfeed.net)

Solum Inc. opened a moist soil measurement facility in Ames Iowa in 2012 to offer this test and other advanced measurements. (allaboutfeed.net)

study

One possible explanation for the difference may be that for the current paper, the dogs were tested indoors, but for the 2009 paper, the study took place outside. (thebark.com)

question

College Board research found the fifth-answer choice added little to the measurement value of questions and, in some cases, actually detracted from the quality of the question content. (edweek.org)

patients

New in the Literature: Predictive Value of Gait Speed in Patients With Parkinson Disease (J Rehabil Med. (apta.org)

If 5-FU-based chemotherapy were not administered, potential savings of up to pound 1.2 million per 1000 patients tested could be made. (openrepository.com)

different

While other tests are still available for potassium, he noted that they encourage the use of the moist test for K because it has more predictive value and a more consistent meaning across different soils and conditions. (allaboutfeed.net)

function

If Cialis Prices function tests such as. (mdsmeds.com)

clinical

Objective: To investigate accidental falls and near fall incidents in people with multiple sclerosis with respect to clinical variables and the predictive values of four tests. (diva-portal.org)

What Tests Should I Request to Confirm My Clinical Dx? (clinicaladvisor.com)

Results

The organization outlined plans for two additional cross-test scores for how students do analyzing history/social studies text and science text, but Schmeiser said the additions are tentative, pending the results of research. (edweek.org)

Scale

exists

More importantly, there is no clear cutpoint value at which a man can be assured that he does not harbor prostate cancer: a continuum of risk exists at all PSA values. (cancernetwork.com)

challenge

This international task force report updates general considerations for bronchial challenge testing and the performance of the methacholine challenge test. (ersjournals.com)

This report focuses on general considerations for bronchial challenge testing, then specifically on the performance of the methacholine challenge test (MCT). (ersjournals.com)

The indirect challenge tests will be addressed in a separate paper. (ersjournals.com)

risk

Conduct assays of the biochemical state of Hsp27 to test for predictive value of phosphorylation or oligomer size in assessing cardiovascular risk. (grantome.com)

evidence

In the reading and writing and language tests, students will receive subscores for: 1) command of evidence, and 2) relevant words in context. (edweek.org)

A consistent, good - quality studies No evidence Cialis Prices recom - mended stepwise testing with the latter, there is simil to those seen in cancer, stroke, and renal panel and rheumatoid thritis Long - term ce settings did not respond to a - to - ASAc. (mdsmeds.com)

goal

If the goal were to reduce the number of drivers on the road, the written test could be made much harder. (edweek.org)

sensitive

The kinetic red test combined with the static finger wiggle test is the most sensitive way to assess for a visual field deficit in the primary care setting. (aafp.org)

levels

The amounts of K extracted can differ greatly between moist and dried samples, and the differences change greatly across soil series, the soil-test K levels, and soil conditions related to drainage and moisture content cycles. (allaboutfeed.net)

available

In such cases, the bacterial colonies on the solid media would be available earlier for presumptive identification and susceptibility testing. (clinicaladvisor.com)

result

Costs would be higher if alternative chemotherapeutic regimens were substituted as a result of testing. (openrepository.com)

reliable

With food extracts, prick-puncture tests ("prick-prick") seem to be more reliable. (blogspot.com)

take

It is estimated the new test will take three hours, with a 50-minute optional essay section. (edweek.org)

In 2013, 540,535 passed, as people rushed to take the test before changes were instituted. (edweek.org)

additional

useful

In addition, what follow-up tests might be useful? (clinicaladvisor.com)

control

Nearly [40 percent] of the control over the economic value of TNCs in the world is held, via a complicated web of ownership relations, by a group of 147 TNCs in the core, which has almost full control over itself," the authors explain. (blogspot.com)

percent

Describing College Board officials as "horrified" that only 43 percent of test-takers meet the minimum benchmark to be considered college ready, the College Board's Schmeiser said in a press call Monday that more needs to be done to help prepare students for college and career. (edweek.org)

change

Quantitative QFT values were recorded in all contacts and in those having two tests, the change calculated. (bmj.com)

Why do some people consider predictive genetic testing to be unethical?

I know that there are people who hold this view, I would just like to know some specific arguments and/or reasons. Note I am talking about predictive genetic testing for the presence of a particular gene which may lead to a disease/illness, NOT complete DNA profiling.

Does this mean That Neutrogena does user testing once in awile?

The following is stated on the Neutrogena FAQ board:
The ingredients in Neutrogena products have been proven safe historically, so instead of using laboratory animals to assess the safety of its formulations, Neutrogena performs a number of predictive tests in humans. However, since there is always the possibility of a regulatory requirement due to the discovery of an important new compound that might require expanded safety testing, Neutrogena does not wish to preclude the possibility that it will ever use lab animals in product safety tests.
I am still young and unfortunatley cannot understand this type of dialouge. Call me "retarded" or "idioutic" if you wish, but I need to know the question above.

It's a gray area. Neutragena can claim they do not condone testing on animals for their products, but there is nothing to keep them from funding someone else that might carry out the testing. This is unfortunately done by many companies that want to preserve their name.
Of course, they always have the option of performing animal testing, so they don't want to close off that possibility in case they ever need to. That's why the "no animal testing" tag on products is small and usually on the back. It's not the selling point, but it appeals to the small market that is interested. It's very unfortunate, but true.
You are not retarded or idiotic, and I applaud you for your forward thinking. You have shown great maturity by exploring the "legalese" that many corporations use.
Excellent question, thank you.

What tests one should undergo after unsafe sex with a stranger?

What are medical tests that one should undergo after having unprotected sex with a stranger? Are there any symptoms that a male can look for in his body? What is the standard time when any such symptoms or STDs would surface?

Preg test lol, take an std test dude.

What pregnancy tests detect better than others?

What are some pregnancy tests that are very sensitive and get an accurate result early. My period is due the 30th of this month. I was wondering how early I can take a test and it come out positive and which ones will pick up very early. Thanks!

You can TRY 4-5 days before with Dollar store tests, Answer Early Detection, First Response Early Detection, Walmart's Equate Early tests, and Walgreens early detection tests. They ALL detect 25 mlu of the pregnancy hormone. They ALL work well. I used the Dollar Store tests myself.

What is the name of the test that tests for the cholesterol particles in the blood?

What is the name of the test that tests for the cholesterol particles in the blood? It tests to see if the particles are big or small and damaging particles. This is not the same as a standard cholesterol check.

Lipid profile test. A coronary risk profile is a group of blood tests used to measure your cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The profile can help determine your risk for heart disease. The five major groups of lipoproteins, which, in order of sizes, largest to smallest, are chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL.
Cardiac risk ratio: This is the ratio between total cholesterol & HDL (good). The target values are < 5 for men and < 4.4 for women.

What tests are performed on baby of gestational diabetic mother?

Obviously sugar level will be tested. But how is it done? any other tests you know please tell me.

They only test the sugar level. They do a heel prick and test the blood. They check it every few hours for the first 24 hours.
I had gd and my son's blood sugar was a bit low. As long as you're able to feed the baby right away, it shouldn't be a problem.

What tests are given to diagnose developmental disorders?

What tests are given to diagnose different types of developmental disorders and who does the testing?

Hi I am in the UK my daughter has just go through a full assessment. these are done by a number of different please. including a paediatric consultant physiotherapist psychologist, speech-therapist a specialist nursery teacher and a few others. I could not really tell that they was doing the tests we went to a play centre (children's development centre) for one afternoon for 5 weeks. They know how to spot things that you would never have thought about. like who a child draws a picture, how they play with toys weather they use their imagination. with the speech therapist its more what they understand. so they play games like put the banana next to the cup then in the cup and under the cup etc etc. they also used a book that she had to pick out the right picture to what the women was asking. hope that this all helps. If you have a child that's going through all of this please don't worry to much they don't notice whats going on to them its just a game. take care good luck

How well do the dollar store pregnancy tests work?

Drug store tests can really start to add up at 17 bucks a pop. I see the really cheap tests at the dollar stores but I'm not sure if they're reliable. Thoughts?

I used the New Choice tests from Dollar Tree and they worked great. No evaporation lines, and I got my positive 2 days before I expected my period. Good luck!