Despite his resignation, Jo Johnson continued to defend Young shortly before he was moved by the prime minister on Tuesday afternoon.

Toby Young's track record setting up & supporting free schools speaks for itself. His decision to stand down from the OfS board and repeat unreserved apologies for inappropriate past remarks reflects his character better than the one-sided caricature from his armchair critics.

Mark Garnier, who was cleared of wrongdoing after asking his secretary to buy sex toys, has lost his job as an international trade minister.

Sam Gyimah has replaced Jo Johnson in his old job as universities minister.

Dominic Raab, who had served as a justice minister and has long been tipped for a promotion, has been handed the high profile housing minister brief.

Rory Stewart, a former diplomat who had served as a joint Foreign Office and development minister, has been made a justice minister.

Alok Sharma, who was housing minister in the wake of the Grenfell fire, has been made employment minister.

May has also moved to promote women. Suella Fernandes, an ardent Brexiteer, has been made a minister in David Davis’ Department for Exiting the EU.

Harriett Baldwin has been moved from the Ministry of Defence to the Foreign Office. Caroline Dineage has been promoted from the department of work and pensions to become a senior health minister. Margot James has been a made minister of state in the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. And former backbencher Lucy Frazer has been made a justice minister.

The prime minister has also moved to promote MPs from an ethnic minority background.

Rishi Sunack, who was elected in 2015, has been made a minister in the new Minister of Housing, Communities and Local Government. And Nadhim Zahawi has been made an education minister.

Casualties in the latest round of the overhaul include Robert Goodwill, who loses his job as minister for children and families, Philip Dunne who is removed as a health minister and John Hayes who is leaving the Department for Transport.