Learn about the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles...
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Learn about the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and fields. Provides materials for pre-service teacher trainees.Compulsory Readings for Atomic Physics (PDF)

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This video was recorded at Workshop on Statistical Physics of Inference and Control Theory, Granada 2012. We may reasonably...
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This video was recorded at Workshop on Statistical Physics of Inference and Control Theory, Granada 2012. We may reasonably why optimal control theory has not been more useful in understanding the control mechanisms found in biology. The questions there range from understanding control of the operation of an individual cell to the motor control of the complete organism. Given that evolution has had as long as it has to optimize brain and muscle/skeletal structures, why is that we don't find optimal control theory to be more effective in explaining these structures? Looking more critically at optimal control theory in an engineering setting, one observes that there are a great many applications in which the payoff for implementing an "optimal" relationship between sensed signals and control variables does not justify the cost of the equipment needed to achieve it. For example, in high volume consumer goods, such as dish washers and clothes dryers, it is inexpensive to sense the temperature of the water or air but the benefits associated with implementing a linear relationship between the temperature of the mixed water and the flow from the hot and cold water lines do not justify the cost. Acceptable performance is obtainable using a simple on-off control. Even in the case of audio equipment, where there is a payoff for building systems that are very close to linear, the benefits of linearity are confined to finite range of amplitudes and a subset of frequencies. At the heart of the problem is the fact that standard optimal control theory provides no mechanisms to incorporate implementation costs. In this talk we describe a formulation of control problems based on the Liouville equation that allows the designers to balance implementation costs with the quality of the resulting trajectories.

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This video was recorded at CERN Summer Student Lecture Program 2009. The CERN Summer Student Program offers undergraduate...
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This video was recorded at CERN Summer Student Lecture Program 2009. The CERN Summer Student Program offers undergraduate students of physics, computing and engineering a unique opportunity to join in the day-to-day work of research teams participating in experiments at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. Beyond the outstanding first-class scientific value of their stay, the selected students will find working in a multidisciplinary and multicultural environment an extremely enriching personal experience. It is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to make valuable and long lasting contacts with other students and scientists from all over Europe. In addition to the work in the experimental teams, Summer Students attend a series of lectures specially prepared for them. Several scientists from around the world share their knowledge about a wide range of topics in the fields of theoretical and experimental particle physics and computing. Visits to the accelerators and experimental areas are also part of the Program, as well as discussion sessions, workshops and a poster session. Students are required to prepare a short report on their work at CERN which should be submitted at the end of their stay. Students come for between 8 weeks (minimum stay) to 13 weeks (maximum stay) and the possible dates of stay are available here. Detailed information on the summer student programme and activities can be found here. Summer Student Lecture Programme 2009

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This video was recorded at PRO(MO)GRAM - predstavitveni filmi raziskovalnih programov / promotional videos of research...
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This video was recorded at PRO(MO)GRAM - predstavitveni filmi raziskovalnih programov / promotional videos of research programs. Macromolecules and macromolecular aggregates like DNA and phospholipid membranes, obtained through isolation and/or reconstitution of fundamental building blocks of the living matter, determine their basic modes of action as well as responses to changes in their molecular environment. The analysis of various macromolecular liquid crystalline phases, be they biological macromoleculs themselves or their complicated anorganic analogues, as well as their basic symmetries and fundamental biocolloidal interactions define the first step of the proposed research program. The intergration of these fundamental principles of the nature of the structures and interactions among the basic macromolecular building blocks in the understanding of the physical properties and even more importantly, the possibility of control of the type and resonse of the constituents of the cell or cells and larger cell aggregates on changes in their environment represents the second step of this research program. Its basic principle being the bottom-up physical reconstitution of various living systems, from simple, model macromolecules all the way to morte complicated macromolecular aggregates, cells, organs and tissues.

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This video was recorded at CERN Academic Training Lectures 2010. Black holes present the extreme limits of physics. They...
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This video was recorded at CERN Academic Training Lectures 2010. Black holes present the extreme limits of physics. They are ubiquitous in the cosmos, and in some extra-dimensional scenarios they could be produced at colliders. They have also yielded a puzzle that challenges the foundations of physics. These talks will begin with an overview of the basics of black hole physics, and then briefly summarize some of the exciting developments with cosmic black holes. They will then turn to properties of quantum black holes, and the question of black hole production in high energy collisions, perhaps beginning with the LHC. I will then overview the apparent paradox emerging from Hawking's discovery of black hole evaporation, and what it could be teaching us about the foundations of quantum mechanics and gravity.

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This video was recorded at Confined Liquid Crystals: Landmarks and Perspectives. Carbon nanotubes are promising anisotropic...
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This video was recorded at Confined Liquid Crystals: Landmarks and Perspectives. Carbon nanotubes are promising anisotropic particles for a variety of applications such as strong and lightweight composites, sensors, electronic devices, conductive inks, substrates for tissue engineering, etc. The dispersion behavior and spatial ordering of carbon nanotubes are critical to optimize the properties of nanotube based materials. Various approaches are currently explored to achieve diverse structures such as macroscopic alignment, percolated isotropic networks, solid or liquid crystalline states. We present in this talk the phase behavior of nanotube suspensions stabilized by surfactants or amphiphilic polymers. Those systems can form nematic liquid crystals. Nevertheless, achieving large values of the order parameter as well as large mono-domains remains challenging. We will discuss in particular the effect of processing conditions of nanotube based liquid crystals. Another approach for aligning carbon nanotubes consists in dispersing the particles in a liquid crystalline medium. Carbon nanotubes, because of their small dimensions, don't create distortions of the liquid crystal host (״weak anchoring" regime). But they still align in response to the surface energy anisotropy. We will show some examples of such materials made of nanotubes embedded in liquid crystals. Routes for further improvements and future applications will be discussed.

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This video was recorded at Pascal Symposium meeting, Bled 2008. The GRavitational lEnsing Accuracy Testing 2008 (GREAT08)...
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This video was recorded at Pascal Symposium meeting, Bled 2008. The GRavitational lEnsing Accuracy Testing 2008 (GREAT08) Challenge focuses on a problem that is of crucial importance for future observations in cosmology. The shapes of distant galaxies can be used to determine the properties of dark energy and the nature of gravity, because light from those galaxies is bent by gravity from the intervening dark matter. The observed galaxy images appear distorted, although only slightly, and their shapes must be precisely disentangled from the effects of pixelisation, convolution and noise. The worldwide gravitational lensing community has made significant progress in techniques to measure these distortions via the Shear TEsting Program (STEP). Via STEP, we have run challenges within our own community, and come to recognise that this particular image analysis problem is ideally matched to experts in statistical inference, inverse problems and computational learning. Thus, in order to continue the progress seen in recent years, we are seeking an infusion of new ideas from these communities. This document details the GREAT08 Challenge for potential participants. Please visit www.great08challenge.info for the latest information.

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