To obtain insight into the site and stage specificity of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) action in vivo, we compared the expression patterns of the genes for these three ..

Lack of neurotrophin-3 leads to deficiencies in the peripheral nervous system and loss of limb proprioceptive afferents

..Thus, developing Ia neurons may be dependent on NT-3 intrinsic to the DRGs before they reach a stage of potential dependence on NT-3 retrogradely derived from skeletal muscles or spinal motor neurons...

F A WhiteCenter for the Study of Nervous System Injury, Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USAJ Neurosci 16:4662-72. 1996

..We suggest that the discrepancy in cell loss between NT-3(-/-) and trkC(-/-) mutants is attributable to the ability of NT-3 to support DRG neurons via TrkA in the artificial situation where TrkC is absent...

..Although deficits occur before final target innervation, we show that NT-3 is expressed at all stages in regions accessible to these neurons or their axons and is only restricted to final targets after innervation...

Functional roles of neurotrophin 3 in the developing and mature sympathetic nervous system

The role of neurotrophin-3 (NT3) during sensory neuron development was investigated in transgenic mice overexpressing NT3 under the control of the promoter and enhancer regions of the nestin gene, an intermediate filament gene widely ..

Lack of neurotrophin 3 causes losses of both classes of spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea in a region-specific fashion

The neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) are hypothesized to play an important role in vertebrate eye development because of their patterned expression in the developing and adult neuroretina, ..

..that Maxillary Factor activity is composed of two neurotrophins, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which are produced by both target epithelium and pathway mesenchyme and which are therefore more ..

NeuroD-null mice are deaf due to a severe loss of the inner ear sensory neurons during development

..However, our results also show that NT-3 may be therapeutic for proprioceptive axons immediately after nerve injury by delaying axon degeneration...

Neurotrophin-3 is required for the survival-differentiation of subsets of developing enteric neurons

A ChalazonitisDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USAJ Neurosci 21:5620-36. 2001

..A neuropoietic cytokine (CNTF) interacted with NT-3 in vitro, and if applied sequentially, compensated for NT-3 withdrawal. These observations indicate that NT-3 is required for the normal development of the ENS...

Reduction of NT-3 or TrkC results in fewer putative vagal mechanoreceptors in the mouse esophagus

Constitutive overexpression of neurotrophin-3 (NT3) in murine skin results in an increased number of sensory neurons within the dorsal root ganglia, an increase of myelinated axons in cutaneous nerves, hyperinnervation of the skin, and ..

..development of the deficit in the NT-3 mutant to the spatial-temporal expression patterns of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT-3, using lacZ reporters in each gene and with expression of the specific neurotrophin ..

Excess target-derived neurotrophin-3 alters the segmental innervation of the skin

A M RitterDepartment of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USAEur J Neurosci 14:411-8. 2001

..boundaries were mapped in adult mice, it was found that those in nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpressers were indistinguishable from wild-type animals but that overlap between adjacent segments was ..

To study the role of NT3 in directing axonal projections of proprioceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, NT3(-/-) mice were crossed with mice carrying a targeted deletion of the proapoptotic gene Bax...

To determine the role of NT3 in the postnatal maturation of Merkel cell (MC) sensory neurite complexes (touch domes), we examined the development of their neural and end-organ components in wild-type and transgenic mice that overexpress ..

..Our data suggest a role for NT-3 in the maturation of MCs, such as a TrkC-mediated stimulation of the differentiation of pre-existing, less mature MCs and/or by enhancing the migration of circulating MC precursors into the skin...

..Segmental differences in muscle spindle and GTO dependence on ER81 suggest that more than one ETS transcription factor may participate in the regulation of limb proprioceptive system assembly in the mouse...

The neurotrophic factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 are ligands for the trkB tyrosine kinase receptor

..Altogether, our data demonstrate that NT-3 displayed an anti-apoptotic effect on cultured cortical neurons through a mechanism involving the recruitment of the PI-3 kinase/Akt signaling pathway...

Developmental loss of NT-3 in vivo results in reduced levels of myelin-specific proteins, a reduced extent of myelination and increased apoptosis of Schwann cells

Adele G WoolleyDepartment of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New ZealandGlia 56:306-17. 2008

..Finally, we observed significant reduction in width of the Schwann cell periaxonal collar in NT-3 mutant animals suggesting that loss of NT-3 and resulting reduction in MAG levels may alter signaling at the axon-glial interface...

Effects of NGF, NT-3 and GDNF family members on neurite outgrowth and migration from pelvic ganglia from embryonic and newborn mice

..Our results provide evidence for novel activity of neurotrophins in cell cycle control and point toward an N-myc sensitization to cell death in the nervous system that is under the control of NT-3...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the nervous system of wild-type and neurotrophin gene mutant mice

Although brain-derived neurotrophic factor is the most abundant and widely distributed neurotrophin in the nervous system, reproducible determinations of its levels have been hampered by difficulties in raising suitable monoclonal ..

..Our results demonstrate that in addition to its early actions on sensory neuron generation and naturally occurring cell death, NT-3 has important neuroprotective effects on muscle afferents during postnatal development...

Diverse dependencies of developing Merkel innervation on the trkA and both full-length and truncated isoforms of trkC

..at least one kinase-lacking trkC isoform is transiently expressed on all the follicle cells, while neurotrophin 3 is transiently expressed only in the cells at the middle third of the follicle where the Merkel endings and ..

FGFR1 is required for the development of the auditory sensory epithelium

..We discuss a potential mechanism for the absence of neural precursors in the Eya1-/- inner ears and the primary and secondary mechanisms for the loss of cochleovestibular ganglion cells in the Eya1bor/bor hypomorphic mutant...

..Thus maintenance of high NDAP levels may cause apoptosis. The different regulations of NDAP expression by neurotrophins indicate that the expression of NDAP might be a checkpoint for apoptosis during neuronal development...

..These results suggest that a dysregulation in the expression of neurotrophins as well as proteins involved in synaptic development and plasticity may play a potential role in the neural pathology of DS in humans...

Expression of kin of irregular chiasm-like 3/mKirre in proprioceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia and its interaction with nephrin in muscle spindles

..Thus, specificity of the neuroprotective effect of NT-3 is clearly demonstrated, and different molecular mechanisms are inferred to mediate the protective effect in light-induced and inherited RDs...

In adult rat brains, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rhythmically oscillates according to the light-dark cycle and exhibits unique functions in particular brain regions. However, little is known of this subject in juvenile rats...

..Because NT-3 expression is reduced after focal seizures, impaired short-term facilitation may represent a protective response that limits the propagation of epileptiform activity from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus...

..However, it is as yet unknown whether other members of the NGF family of neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), also modulate keratinocyte proliferation in situ...

..We believe this result indicates that the neurotrophic relationship between alpha motoneurons and their target cells is not a simple one of neurotrophin supply by skeletal muscle cells and its uptake at the neuromuscular junction...

..plans to identify ultrastructurally the morphological and immunochemical character of vesiculated endings that express GAP-43 in the inner spiral bundle, the only neuronal pathway that contains this growth protein in the adult cochlea. ..