Western Civilization

Western Civilization from 1589 to 1914 had many specific changes that contributed to the structure of the western world before World War I. In the absolutism state sovereignty is embodied in the person of the ruler. Kings were absolute kings and were resposible to no none except god. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries absolute rulers had to respect the fundamental laws of their land. They had to control competing jurisdictions, institutions or groups that were interested in their territory. They regulated religious sects. France of Louis was the classic model of absolutism. Louis XIV, " the sun king," was a devoted Catholic who believed that god had estalblished kings as rulers on the earth. The French language and culture became an international style because of him. People liked what he was doing, people really liked him. He effected the western world in a good way. He made them see that absolutism could indeed be very productive.

Constitutionalism is the opposite of absolutism. Tis is the limitation of the state law. Under the constitutionalism, the state must be governed according to law, not by royal decree. It implies the balance of power of the government and the rights of the subjects. Constitutional governments may be either be republics or monarchies. Between 1603 and 1649 absolutism ran along second to English beliefs. This is when costitutionalism began to rise. This was also during the English civil war. This was a messy period for England. After this period however, the English monarchy was restored. The Stuart kings were stored in 1660. This did not however, help religion of the relationship between king and parliament. The test was passed in 1673. This stated that those who joined the church of England could not vote, hold office, preach, teach, attend universities or assemble, and these restrictions could not be upheld. Fear of a catholic monarchy led to the expulsion of James the 2nd and the glorious revolution. Constitutionalism...

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...﻿Main components of every civilization:
1. government and laws
2. formal religion
3. language
4. agriculture (irrigation, domestication of plants, etc)
5. specialized skills (pottery, clothing, etc)
6. trade (to acquire what you do not have and cannot make, but need)
7. economic system (bartering or currency, etc).
Factors that give rise to civilization:
A. Geographical location
1. All four of the major centers of early civilization (were China, India, Mesopotamia, and Mesoamerica) arose along major river valleys in arid regions, thus having important irrigation networks. They all relied upon domesticated plants as well as animals, and they had well-developed transportation networks (using water craft and the wheel) and a high-level of technological achievement (using the wheel, plow, bronze, and iron).
Rivers - Egypt, India, Babylon/Sumeria, and China had them, and farming communities developed.
2. Readily available domesticates. Certain civilizations like the predecessors of the Incas had access to potatoes, which, freeze-dried, served much the same purpose as other nations' grain. It was the commodity that could be collected as tax. With the cultivation of potatoes, people settled down to farm in one place, and they gradually developed the civilized aspects.
Food domestication enabled sedentary, vastly growing populations, to become viable.
3. Adequate natural resources and livable weather...

...Trade is an exchange of goods used in WesternCivilization. Many important
cities, such as Constantinople relied on the trade in order for survival. Without trade,
many societies would not have discovered jobs, materials, and foods. Different cultures
had different supplies which taught one another careers which would make trade
successful.
There were many important trade routes which were located on land and in the
sea. The Tin Road/Silk Route was very important to eastern civilization. This route which
was full of mountains went through countries from Afghanistan to current day Iraq. This
7,000 mile Silk Road transported cargos of tin, which was a vital ingredient to making
bronze. Another important trade route was the Assyrian Trade Road. This connected
Anatolia to Mesopotamia. This had creation from Assyrian merchants, which was the
success to this path. The Mediterranean and Black Sea was one of the most known sea
routes. It set out from China and would go through Turkistan, Iran, and Iraq. From there,
it would go on another ship to reach Constantinople. This trade route is what makes
Constantinople the greatest commercial center.
Important inventions were learned in the WesternCivilization. The economy
focused on metal work, textiles, and construction. The production of alum was learned,
which was a significant dye used for wool....

...111
1/31/13
The First Civilizations: The Peoples of Western Asia and Egypt
Civilization is defined as "a complex culture in which large numbers of people share a variety of common elements". But what are these common elements? Many of the worlds first civilizations all shared a number of key characteristics that set them apart from early hominids. The development of citites and architechual monuments, which became the central point of matters such as economics , polictics, and new artistic forms began to flourish. These societies introduced religion and began to worships deities that they believed were key to their communties good fortune. Social hierarchies were introduced, kings and priests of the upper class oversaw those of the lower class such as farmers and commoners. Agricultural advancements brought an abundance of food and allowed people to work in occupations other than farming. Most important of all these societies developed their own form of writing as a way to keep records of their great history. These are the qualities that emcompasses a society these building blocks are what set us apart from what could only be chaos. In this essay I will analyze the key civilizations that arose in Mesopotamia and Egypt. From there I will discuss how these societies meet the requirements of being considered civilization and then finally explain other sources that could be used to...

...side of the battle, while the other side is uncivilized and barbaric. However, defining civilization based on specific moral values is too subjective and arbitrary. Civilization is a concept of man-made societal standards in the most refined culture; man-made because civilization is defined by wide cultural and socioeconomic differences between peoples/nations. Therefore, a civilized person abides by societal standards.
Being a civilized individual is relative to the society or nation to which the individual belongs. In Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, Linda is a character who lives in the developed, technologically advanced World State until she becomes trapped on a Savage Reservation. Discussing her experience first adjusting to the new society she recounts; “How it used to upset me, all that dirt, and nothing being aseptic. I had an awful cut on my head when they first brought me here. You can’t imagine what they used to put on it. Filth, just filth. ’Civilization is Sterilization,’ I used to say to them” (Huxley 81). In this case, Linda is civilized because she is adhering to the societal norms she was conditioned to accept; “civilization is sterilization’ is a mantra she was taught in her sleep as a child so the World States’ methods of ingraining societal standards were especially effective. Between the two cultures, the World State is more civilized because degree of civilization...

...least for the purpose of economics ,is in forcing the and subdivision of any such task into its components parts.(Galbraith,1974,p.31)
Technology is one of the most important factor in human life. It would be very difficult life without all these facilities. It becomes part of human lives. It has played very important role in all aspect of life and one of them is civilization. Technology is one of the driving forces behind civilization. It was technology that help to advance agricultural and grow houses. People were living in caves and using animals skins to protect themselves from weather. There was no proper irrigation system and agricultural was not developed.
The earliest civilization did not arise in fertile rain watered lands in the temperature zone. Instead ,they began in dry or desert regions where water came from a river, a lake ,or a swamp. Farmers who grew corps on the very banks of the river or the shores of the lake or swamp were always at the mercy of devastating floods or droughts. when they succeeded in controlling water, however ,the results were spectacular. The place where the first civilization arose was Iraq, a land the Greeks called Mesopotamia, the “land between the rivers” Tigris and Euphrates .The valley has good alluvial soil but is difficult but if difficult to farm. It is very hot and dry in the summer and cold and dry in the winter. Although little rain reached the valley, in...

...Culture and Civilization
According to anthropologists of 19th century, Culture is earlier and Civilization is later. Everything created by man is culture, civilization is an advanced state of cultural development. Culture developed in three stages:
Savagery &gt;&gt; Barbarianism &gt;&gt; Civilization
(Acts of cruel and violent behavior)
(Extremely cruel and unpleasant behavior)
Alfred Louis Kroeber said Culture is super organic, he has given three forms of culture namely Social Culture (Status and Role), Value Culture (Philosophy, Morals) and Reality Culture (Science and Technology, etc). According to Kroeber civilization is a part of reality culture. Robert Redfield said culture is a totality of traditions and civilization is a totality of great and little traditions.
Culture: The collective appearance of customs, faith, art, language, way of thinking and way of living of a particular group of people. And civilization is the developed part, when different cultures meet.
Difference between Culture and Civilization, Sociologists View
Culture | Civilization |
Culture includes religion, art philosophy, literature, music, dance, etc. which brings satisfaction and pleasure to many. It is the expression of final aspects of life. | Civilization includes all those things by means of which some other objective is attained. Type...

...expansion. It is nearly impossible to avoid the question of whether transnationalism is more important in world politics than ever before. Transnational relationships do play an increasing role, and is higher than at any point since World War I. Transnationalism is the "engine of the merging social structure of the world." (Clarke 151)
Samuel P. Huntington was the most important foreign policy intellectual in the United States during the 1990's. Huntington saw that despite the economic and cultural globalization, forceful resistance remained. Divisions among people tend to be predominantly cultural. Principal conflicts of global politics occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. According to Huntington, the clash of civilizations will dominate global politics, where civilizations will inevitably clashmainly due to cultural differences. I tend to disagree with Huntington due to the following characteristics of transnationalism. First, the role and function of the nation-state in international politics has changed dramatically over the years. New groups have emerged, such as terrorist groups, multinational corporations or hijackers. Even non-military and non-security issues have emergedpopulation, dependency of Third World countries on the developed, pollution and depletion of certain natural resources.
Huntington also failed to acknowledge the increase in interdependence adequately. Recently, there has been...

...﻿Concept of Civilization
What is civilization? Civilization is a term we have frequently used as a milestone for our existence on earth. However, all of us have our own views and definitions on the term “civilization”. In most modern researches of civilization, it is common for the researchers to gravitate to tangible and measurable data such as technological advances, economic status, as well as quality of life in order to determine the “progress” of a civilization. Yet, a famed Egyptologist and author of the “Serpent in the Sky: The High Wisdom of Ancient Egypt”, John Anthony West, has a unique view on human civilization. In his opinion, civilization is a society where men care more about the quality of the inner life rather than their conditions in daily life (as cited in Bartlett, n.d.). This means than men would focus more on the inner being and happiness, as well as the spiritual aspects in their life.
As corresponds to West’s opinion, the definition of civilization can be related to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. This theory states that people are motivated to achieve particular needs such as physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and finally self-actualization needs at the highest level of the hierarchy in their life (Mcleod, 2014). They will move up to seek for the next higher level of needs after satisfying...