Definition and Description of EpidemiologyThe word epidemiology was derived from the Greek words where “epi” means upon, “demos” means people, and “logos” means study. Epidemiology can be defined in detail as the study of distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems. (Last, 2001) Here, in the definition the distribution refers to analysis of persons, classes of people, places that are being affected by the specific disease and determinants refers to factors that influence population health; these factors may be chemical, physical, biological, social, economic, cultural, behavioral or genetic. Health-related states refers to causes of death, diseases and behaviors such as use of tobacco, use of health services and reactions to preventive treatments. Specified population refers to those groups who indicate identifiable characteristics and application to prevention and control is aim of public health to protect, promote and restore health. Epidemiological study focuses on a certain population that can be defined in terms of geographical or other criteria. The population may be selected from specific country or area at a specific time. Once population is selected, it can be further divided into subgroups based on age, gender, ethnicity or so on. Epidemiologists usually study on issues related to disability, illness, and death; they are more concerned about improving health and positive health states. Public Health refers to combined actions in course of improving population health. One of the tools used for this purpose is epidemiology. In past, epidemiology studies focused more on cause of communicable diseases and that leads to work in identification of preventive methods. (Bonita, Beaglehole, & Kjellstorm, 2006) Steps and Methods of Epidemiology

Epidemiology employs different sound scientific methods for the inquiry of the problem. It is a data-driven process following an unbiased and systematic approach for the collection, interpretation and analysis of data. As for basic methods, epidemiology studies make careful observations and compare them via valid comparison groups. The observations like number of persons suffering from a particular disease in a particular area and time or the frequency of exposure with disease among people are different from that what is expected. There are other scientific methods also been used in epidemiology including informatics and biostatistics with economic, behavioral, social and biologic sciences. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) Epidemiology is also often called as the science of public health. It is a quantitative discipline that is based on current knowledge of statistics, probability and sound research methods. Moreover, it is also method of causal reasoning that develops and tests hypothesis defined in scientific fields like physics, behavioral sciences, biology and ergonomics. An epidemiological study is comprised of the following steps: * Initial observation and data collection of the population to assess the high frequency of a particular disease or outbreak during a specific time period. * Develop a case by defining the percentage of population at risk because of the certain disease. * Collect and analyze data and describe disease under study by means of epidemic curve, spot map and tabulation to show the frequency rate of risk factors. * Develop hypothesis

* Conduct analytical studies by measuring risks and refining hypothesis. * Test hypothesis and summarize findings
* Suggest and define interventions or preventive programs. (Health Knowledge, 2012)
Routine and Research Data Related to AIDS in USAAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or AIDS was first identified in USA in 1981 as unique disease entity. As according to statistics there were about 10 million people who suffered from human immunodeficiency...

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...
InfectiousDisease: HIV/AIDS
Jessica Thammavongsa
HCA 240
August 9th, 2014
Shirlene Small
InfectiousDisease: HIV/AIDS
I am writing this paper to explain how HIV/AIDS as an infectiousdisease responds to the inflammatory, describe what the disease is, how it is transmitted, and the environmental factors that can make a person vulnerable to...

...Running head: VIRAL INFECTIOUSDISEASE: HIV
Viral InfectiousDisease: HIV
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described in the early 1980s, although it was known by other names for several years. In its 30 years of existence, this disease, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has become pandemic. In the United States, it initially...

...Epidemiology & Communicable DiseasesHIV or the Human Deficiency virus is like other viruses including the flu, but the one thing that makes this virus so different than any other is that the body is unable to clear this one out completely. Once someone is infected, there is no cure. Over time, HIV can also hide or mask itself in the body's cells. The cells within a person's body that fight off infection are called CD4 cells or T cells....

...﻿InfectiousDisease – an illness due to specific infections agents or its toxic products that arises through transmission from an infected person, animal ,or reservoir to a susceptible host, either directly or indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host .
Parasitic disease – A ameba in infection caused by a parasitic. An organism that lives inside or on a host.
Zoonotic disease – an infection or infectious...

...a written paper of 1,200-1,500 words, apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease.
Communicable Disease Selection
Choose one communicable disease from the following list:
1. Chickenpox
2. Tuberculosis
3. Influenza
4. Mononucleosis
5. Hepatitis B
6. HIVEpidemiology Paper Requirements
Include the following in your assignment:
1. Description of the communicable...

...﻿
Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V Concepts in Community and Public Health
November 23, 2014
Epidemiology and Nursing Research: HIVHIV is a disease that has affected millions of people worldwide. From the wealthy to the poor, this virus has had devastating effects on the lives of families and individuals. According to the AIDS Institute, HIV was first discovered in a patient from West Africa. It is...

...﻿
INFECTIOUSDISEASE
Rossana Zamora
University Of Phoenix
HCA / 240
October 1, 2014
Sherrie Sheets
I was exposed with Tuberculosis in 2010 at my job by a patient, was the worse experienced ever. Being on 3 types of antibiotics for 9 months straight and lose of weight of 102 from 120 in one week. My appetite, energy dropped dramatically. In 2 two weeks...