The overall goal of this study is to improve the standard of care in treating young children who often suffer from chronic caries (dental decay). Current standard of care for children under 12 years old includes a dental cleaning and fluoride treatment. Often this dental cleaning includes a 'dental prophylaxis' with a pumice based paste delivered by a small rubber-like cup that rotates on a slow-speed dental handpiece. The procedure of this dental prophylaxis removes the gross levels of plaque around the supragingival tooth surfaces. After this prophylaxis, a fluoride treatment is delivered. The National Maternal and Child Oral Health Resource Center at Georgetown University has published (Bertness J, Holt K) an extensive publication proving that 5% sodium fluoride varnish has become the 'standard of care' for fluoride treatment in children. This study includes this fluoride standard of care.

Prior to the administration of this standard of care fluoride treatment, a separate step of cleansing the tooth after the dental prophylaxis is added. This study uses a cleansing procedure of 10% povidone iodine (PI) cleansing prior to fluoride varnish (FV) application.

The primary aims of this study are:

to measure the changes in overall plaque levels after using a 10% povidone iodine (PI) cleansing prior to fluoride varnish (FV) application.

to measure the short term changes in the oral microbial ecology of dental plaque after 10% povidone iodine (PI) cleansing prior to fluoride varnish (FV) application.

Inclusion criteria: Ages 6-12 years age. Recent history (< 24 months) of childhood caries, weight ≥ 15 kg, and current dental radiographic films within standard of care practices. At this time, we are looking for longitudinal changes within this cohort and are not using condition-matched controls.

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Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02004990