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Description: THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
THE COLLECTION OF NORTH CAROLINIANA
C917.0£
1967 c.3
UNIVERSITY OF
N.C.
AT CHAPEL HILL
00017482662
This book is due on the last date stamped ...

THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA
THE COLLECTION OF NORTH CAROLINIANA
C917.0£
1967 c.3
UNIVERSITY OF
N.C.
AT CHAPEL HILL
00017482662
This book is due on the last date stamped below unless recalled sooner. It may be renewed only once and must be brought to the North Carolina Collection for renewal.
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»
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MAft->£.
]Qp
'69
NORTH CAROLINA
MANUAL
1967
NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL
1967
Issued by
Tiiad Eure Secretary of State
Raleigh
i
j
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THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA

This book is due on the last date stamped below unless recalled sooner. It may be renewed only once and must be brought to the North Carolina Collection for renewal.

jfe"**

»

^

i..§

7°
MAft->£.

]Qp

'69

NORTH CAROLINA

MANUAL
1967

NORTH CAROLINA MANUAL
1967

Issued by

Tiiad Eure Secretary of State

Raleigh

i

j

:;

i

."

6

7

TO THE
1967

MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA
TO THE

STATE, COUNTY, CITY

AND TOWN OFFICIALS

AND TO THE

PEOPLE OF THE OLD NORTH STATE AT HOME AND ABROAD
THIS

MANUAL

IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

Secretary of Stati

CONTENTS
PART
The State The State Capitol The State Legislative Building Chief Executives of North Carolina
Governors of Virginia Executives under the Proprietors Governors under the Crown ; Governors Elected by the Legislature _ Governors Elected by the People List of Lieutenant Governors State Flag _ Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence Great Seal of North Carolina State Bird
.

I

HISTORICAL

Page
3

21 25
28 28 29 29 31 33 35 36 38
1 1

The The The The The The The The The The The

The Halifax Resolution

42
_

Name

of State and Nicknames State Motto State Colors State Flower State Shell __ State Song ___ State Tree
.

43

13
4 4 4 4

44

_44,
_

4 7

44
44

State's

Most Famous Toast

Public Holidays in North Carolina Population of the State since 1675 The Constitution of North Carolina

..

The American's Creed The American Flag
Origin

45 46 49 91 91 93 98 99

Proper Display Pledge to the Flag The National Capitol Declaration of Independence Constitution of the United States
.

-

102 107
II

PART

CENSUS
Eighteenth Census. 1960 Population of State Population of Counties Population of Cities and Towns Incorporated places of 10,000 or more Incorporated places of 2,500 to 10,000 Incorporated places of 1,000 to 2,500 Incorporated places of less than 1.000 Population of United States, 1960
133 134
.
_

Democratic Platform Plan of Organization of the State Democratic Party Committees of the Democratic PartyState Democratic Executive Committee Congressional District Executive Committees _ Judicial District Executive Committees State Democratic Solicitorial District Executive Committees Chairmen of the County Executive Committees
State
.
.

150 153 169

189 193 197 202 207 209 211 234
253

_

County Vice Chairmen siatc Republican Platform

Committees

Plan of Organization of the State Republican Party of the Republican Party State Republican Executive Committee Congressional, Judicial, Senatorial and
Solicitorial District Committees Chairmen of the County Executive Committees County of Vice Chairmen PART IV
.

257 257 259

ELECTION RETURNS
Popular and Electoral Vote for President by States, 1964 Popular Vote for President by States, 1948-1960 _ Vote for President by Counties, 1944-1964 Vote for Governor by Counties, Primaries, 1964 _269. Vote for Governor by Counties, General Elections. 1944-1964 Vote for State Officials, Primaries, 1952-1960 Vote for Lieutenant Governor by Counties, Primaries, 1964 277, v "" for State Officials by Counties, 28 o', Primaries, 1964 Total Votes Cast General Election, 1960-1964 _ Vote for Governor in Primaries, 1940-1964 Vote for state Officers by Counties, General Election of 1964 287. General Election of 1966 Vote for Congressmen in Democratic Primaries, 1966 Vote for Congressmen in Republican Primaries, 1966 Vote for Congressmen, Second Primary, June 25, 1966 Vote for Congressmen, Special Primary, First District December 18, 1965 Vote for Congressmen, Special Election, First District, February 5, 1966 Vote for Members of Congress, 1948-1960 Vote for Members of Congress, General Elections. 1962-1964 aeral Elections. 1966 Vote for Inited States Senators in Primaries, 1950-1962 Vote for United States Senators in Genera] Elections. 1950-1962
. .

263 264 266 271
9 z
I

9 z

275

—

279 282 284 286
29a 292 295 296 297

'

.

_

.

298 299 300

_

312 31^ 322
300

Contents
Vote for United States Senator, Democratic Primary, 1966 Vote for United States Senator, General
Elections, 1966 Vote in Special Election on Question of issuance of State of North Carolina Highway Bonds, November 2, 1965 Vote on Constitutional Amendment by Counties, November 2, 1965 Vote on Prohibition, 1881, 1908, 1933

Administrative Officials appointed by the Governor _ Administrative Officials appointed by Department Heads, Boards or Commissions (Subject to approval by the Governor) Administrative Officials appointed by Department Heads, Boards or Commissions (With no approving authority) United States Senators

4 9 2

508

520 533

V

1

1

I

XoH'i

ii

C

\i;"i.i\

\

M

\M".\i.

[Representatives in Congress Justices of the Supreme Court Members of the General Assembly

Senators and Congressmen Justices of the Supreme Court State Senators Members of the House of Representatives

480 4S5 535. 541 549 557. 567. 577

591, 600. 613. 625. 637. 649. 663

PART

I

HISTORICAL

THE STATE
of the first

North Carolina, often called the "Tar Heel" state, was the scene attempt to colonize America by English-speaking peoUnder a charter granted to Sir Walter Raleigh by Queen ple. Elizabeth, a colony was begun in the 1580's on Roanoke Island. This settlement, however, was unsuccessful and later became known as "The Lost Colony."

The first permanent settlement was made about 1650 by immigrants from Virginia. In 16 63 Charles II granted to eight Lords Proprietors a charter for the territory lying "within six and thirty degrees of the northern latitude, and to the west as far as the south seas, and so southerly as far as the River St. Mattias. which bordereth upon the coast of Florida, and within one and thirty degrees of northern latitude, and so west in a direct line as tar as the south seas aforesaid; ..." and the colony was called Carolina. In 1665 another charter was granted to these noblemen.
This charter extended the limits of Carolina so that the northern line was 36 degrees and 30 minutes north latitude, and the southern line was 2 9 degrees north latitude, and both of these lines extended westward to the South Seas.
In 1669 John Locke wrote the Fundamental Constitutions as a The Lords Proprietors model for the government of Carolina. adopted these constitutions and directed the governor to put into operation as much of them as was feasible. In 16 70 there were four precincts (changed to counties in 1739): Pasquotank. PerNorth Carolina now has one quimans, Chowan, and Currituck. hundred counties. Carolina on December 7. 1710, was divided into North Carolina and South Carolina, and Edward Hyde, on May 9. 1712. became the first governor of North Carolina.
In 17 29 seven of the eight Lords Proprietors sold their interest Carolina to the Crown and North Carolina became a royal

in

colony.

George Burrington was the

first

Everard, the last was appointed.

proprietary governor,

royal governor. Richard served until Burrington

North Carolina, on April 12, 1776, authorized her delegates in the Continental Congress to vote for independence, and on December 18. 1776, adopted a constitution. Richard Caswell became the

Nonru Carolina .Manual
governor under this constitution. On November 21, 1789, the adopted the United States Constitution, being the twelfth North Carolina, in 1788, had -tat. in enter the Federal Union. rejected the Constitution on the grounds that certain amendments were vital and necessary to a free people.
first

state

changes made
pl<

Constitutional convention was held in 1835 and among several in the Constitution was the method of electing the governor. After this change the governor was elected by the peo\

for a

lature for a term of one year. governor elected by the people.

term of two years instead of being elected by the LegisEdward Bishop Dudley was the first

North Carolina seceded from the Union readmitted to the Union in July, 1S6S.

May

20, 1861.

and was

A new state Constitution was adopted in 1868 and since that date the governor has been elected by the people for four-year terms and he cannot succeed himself. There has not been a new
constitution
since

1868,

but

numerous amendments have been

dded

to

it.

North Carolina has had a democratic administration since 1900, during which period it has made its greatest progress. North Carolina has had two permanent capitals New Bern and and there have been three capitol buildings. Raleigh Tryon's Palace in New Bern was constructed in the period, 1767-1770, and

—

—

'he

main building was destroyed by fire February 27, 1798. The capitol in Raleigh was completed in 1794 and was destroyed by tire on June 21. 1831. The present capitol was completed in
first
1

8

10

The Man in 17 90 ceded her western lands, which was composed Washington. Davidson, Hawkins. Greene. Sullivan, Sumner, and Team ssi .(unities, to the Federal government, and between 1790 and 1796 the territory was known as Tennessee Territory, but in 1796 it In came the fifteenth state in the Union.
of
.

In 1738, the General Assembly of North Carolina passed an act authorizing the establishment of district courts which served as ppelant courts. These courts were authorized to be held in Bath. New Bern, and New- Town now Wilmington. In 1746, the General Assembly repealed the act of 1738 and established district courts to l«e held at Edenton. Wilmington, and Edgecombe. From 17f>4

—

The State
until 17 90. other districts

5

territory

were formed as the state expanded in and developed needs for these districts. By 1790, there were eight judicial districts divided into two ridings of four districts each. In 180 6, the General Assembly passed an act establishing a superior court in each county. The act also set up judicial districts composed of certain contiguous counties, and this practice of expanding the districts has continued from five districts in 1806 until now there are thirty districts.
North Carolina adopted the Federal Constitution on No was authorized to send two senators and five representatives to the Congress of the United States according to the constitutional apportionment. In 1792, when the first federal census had been completed and tabulated, it was found that North Carolina was entitled to ten representatives. It was then that the General Assembly divided the state into ten congressional districts. In 1812, the state had grown and increased in population until it was entitled to thirteen representatives in Congress. Between 1812 and 1865, however, the population decreased so much in proportion to the population of other states of the Union that North Carolina was by that time entitled only to seven representatives. After 18 65 the population of the state showed a steady increase so that beginning in 194 3 North Carolina was entitled to twelve representatives in Congress. The 1960 census showed that the state had nearly a half million more people than in 1950,

When

vember

21, 1789, she

but this increase was not nearly as much in proportion to that of of the other states. North Carolina is now entitled to only eleven representatives in Congress.

some

Agriculture

Following several successive years of mounting surpluses of tobacco in storage, production of flue-cured tobacco came under the acreage-poundage program for the first time in 1965. Compliance by North Carolina farmers with the terms of this program coupled with unfavorable climatic conditions resulted in 1965 reduction from the previous year of 259 million pounds of flue-cured leaf. Climatic conditions in 1966 were also not favor;i

able for
(54

optimum yields of tobacco, and marketings were only Since tobacco is, by million pounds above the 1965 level.

'I

XoKTlI

('

VROLINA M-VNUAT.

far,

i

In

largest

the State, the loss of upon ih" agricultural

The
unit

loss in

agricultural commodity produced in poundage was bound to have had its impact economy of North Carolina. quantities sold was offset to some degree by higher

individual

Nevertheless, the $455 million value placed on all tobacco in 1965 was short of the 1964 value by $107 million. i'.m Heel farmers recovered about $59 million of this loss in their L966 marketings, but returns from sales of flue-cured tobacco during the two-year span were $155 million below income at the
prices.

196

1

level.

1965 corn crop in North Carolina produced an average bushels per acre to exceed the previous record by 11 bushels per acre. Due to severe drought in June and July, the the yield of the 1966 crop declined to 45 bushels per acre smallest yield since 1959. Production of 61 million bushels of com for grain in 1966 was only about two-thirds as large as the 1965 production. Despite higher unit prices in 1966. the

The

yield of 70

-

value of the corn crop declined $24 million in 1966.

Climatic conditions were also unfavorable for production of both in 1965 and 1966. Furthermore, a substantial proportion of the 1966 acreage was lost through freezing temperatures in the spring. Production of 93,000 bales of cotton in
niton,
l

1966 was only about two-fifths as large as the comparatively short 965 crop.

On
of

the

brighter

side

is

the

continuing

increase

in

production

soybeans and peanuts.

The 1966 production

for each of these

exceeded the previous records established in 1965 by submargins. Also, higher prices received for many of the agricultural commodities contributed to an increase of $26 million over 1965 in the value of all crops harvested in 1966.
crops
stantial
in their

to gain contribution to the agricultural income of the State. The total of $410 million realized from sale of these commodities in 1965 exceeded 1964 by $41 million. Although the 1966 figures

Production of livestock and livestock products continue

are not yet available, there is every reason to anticipate an additional increase of some $50 million.
('ash
in

receipts from marketings of all agricultural

commodities

1965 amounted to $1,190 million, falling $4S million below

The State

7

the record of $1,238 million realized in 1964. With a slight increase expected in receipts from sale of cultivated crops in 1966 and a substantial increase in receipts from sales of livestock and
livestock
in

products, total receipts from agricultural marketings 1966 should establish a new record.
of agriculture to the State's In addition to one

The value

economy cannot be too

strongly emphasized.

and one-quarter billion dollars annual farm income, consideration must be given to the value added to agricultural commodities through processing, packaging, and merchandizing. North Carolina farmers spend more than one-half billion dollars annually for feed, seed, fertilizer, petroleum fuel and oil. and other items essential to agricultural operations.

Conservation and Development

North Carolina moved forward by leaps and bounds during 1965 and 1966, setting the pace for the New South, and pressing forward with Governor Dan Moore's program for Total Development of our State's resources to the best advantage of its
citizens.

Once again, all existing records were shattered in capital investments announced for new and expanded manufacturing facilities. North Carolina's thriving travel industry set another income record in 19 65, and final 1966 figures are expected to be even higher. Our State Parks enjoyed new records in attendance and use by the public. Products manufactured from North Carolina's vast forest resources continued to yield more than $1 billion annually.

Expansion and development of the technical programs of the Mineral Resources and Geodetic Survey resulted in more knowledge of our State's resouces, and assistance to many facet? of the industrial community. Research and development of North Carolina's valuable maDivisions of
rine
of

and estuarine resources under the supervision Commercial and Sports Fisheries moved ahead

of the Division

at a fast pace,

highlighted by the beginning of construction on a specially-designed research ship named in honor of Governor xMoore.

S

North Carolina Manual
of

The orderly growth and expansion communities was assured during the

many

of

our

State's

past

two years,

due

to

assistance provided by the Division of Community Planning. For the first time, a training program was established aimed at filling
the critical need for experienced North Carolina.
In

community planning experts

in

1965, $482,430,000 was earmarked for the construction of new plants and the expansion of 373 existing facilities. The Qi w and expanded plants created 37,000 new jobs, a record total for recent years, and additions to industrial payrolls of $136,It',.",

951,000, another all-time high.
Capital investments in
in

new and expanded manufacturing plants

L965 were 21 percent over the previous high of $398,983,000 recorded in 1964. New jobs created rose 28 percent over the 1964 total and the gain in industrial payrolls in 1965 increased 30 percent over 1964 figures.
Capital investment in new and expanded manufacturing plants L966 set an all-time high at $613,581,000, breaking the halfbillion dollar mark for the first time in history. This recordin

breaking total created 37,455 new jobs for our State's citizens, and added another all-time high of $141,812,000 to industrial
payrolls.

The
pi
i

1966 capital investment cent over 1965 figures.
of the

registered

an

increase

of

27.2

A breakdown
trial

19 65 total shows textiles led all indusof

classifications in

numbers

new

projects. 146; in

new and
13,600;

expanded investment, $176,012,000; in and in payroll additions, $49,063,000.
Total

employees

added,

investments

L965 L965

totalled
total

in new and expanded chemical projects in Rubber and plastics registered a $85,909,000. capital investment for new and expanded facilities

of $27,917,000.

In 1966, textiles held its lead in total capital investment with .$216,252,000 for new and expanded facilities, addition of $34,n industrial payrolls, and the creation of 9,083 new jobs. 2oi', iMHi
i

The Apparel Industry
Capital investments in

new and expanded apparel

also registered significant gains in 1966. plants totalled

The State

9

$18,351,000, with added payrolls of $27,567,000 and the creation
of 8,908

new

jobs.

In total capital investments for new industries alone, chemicals and allied products registered the biggest gain with $105,910,000.

The
ities

total
in

investment for new and expanded manufacturing

facil-

the chemicals and allied products classification totalled Added payrolls totalled $7,150,000 and a total $126,276,000. of 1,24 9 new jobs were created.

These new and expanded manufacturing facilities during 19 65 and 19 66 were the direct result of unprecedented cooperation and teamwork at the local, State and Federal levels. The Department of Conservation and Development continued to work closely with North Carolina's industrial development organizations, chambers of commerce, banks, railroads, utility companies, trucking industry and many other groups to strengthen and broaden the State's industrial base.

During 1966, a major effort in development of export markets North Carolina products was carried out by a far-reaching The mission was mission to Europe called Exportunity 1966. conducted with the cooperation and assistance of the United States Department of Commerce. Secretary of Commerce John T. Connor hailed results of the mission outstanding, calling it "... the most ambitious and far-reaching program of its type ever carried out by a State government."
for

Exportunity 1966 was divided into four separate parts: a texshow, a trade mission, an industrial development mission, and a travel promotion mission. More than 90 North Carolinians covered Europe from Sweden to Italy during a one month period, promoting North Carolina's manufactured products, industrial As a result of the mission, advantages, and tourist attractions. many new jobs will be created, European firms are expected to branch out into North Carolina with manufacturing facilities, and more European travelers are expected to visit North Carolina.
tiles

The new program of Regional Representatives of the Commerce and Industry Division in Sylva, Salisbury, Washington and Lumberton was established and has carried the programs of industrial development directly to the people. Tourists and travelers spent $560 million in North Carolina

Id

Noutu Cakolina Manual
1965,

in

bringing

;i

new record

for

st;iie's

billion-dollar travel service

sales and receipts in our and transportation business.

our State

Tourists from outside North Carolina spent $345 million in in 1965. This was the result of a ten percent increase tourist in expenditures. During the last decade, spending by visitors from other states lias been increasing at an average

rate of 7.3 percent annually. Trading with tourists has expanded well beyond the 5.7 percent yearly growth rate of all North Carolina retail business. Meanwhile, the national tourist market was rising 5.9 percent annually.

Fifteen million tourist parties visited or passed through North Carolina in 1965, bringing thirty million persons to our State. They traveled nearly six billion passenger miles on highways, Out-of-state tourists account for one-fifth railways and airways. of the nearly twenty-six billion miles of intercity travel by private

and public transportation. This large volume of spending by the transient tourist market stimulates North Carolina commerce and industry. Spending by travelers has created a $1.2 billion business in North Carolina which provides service and transportation for persons away from home.
These figures are based on the 1965 North Carolina Travel Survey by Lewis C. Copeland. The 1966 report has not yet been
completed,
lie

but

all

indications

are

that

new records

will

again

set.

Assembly renamed the Division of ComDivision of Commercial and Sports Fisheries, and rewrote all coastal fisheries laws. The Division was charged with stewardship of the State's marine and estuarine resources. The new laws further define "all marine and estuarine resources" as 'all fish, except inland game fish, found in the Atlantic Ocean and in coastal fishing waters; all fisheries based upon such fish; all uncultivated or undomesticated plant and aniGeneral
mercial
Fisheries the

The

1965

mal life, other than wildlife resources, inhabiting or dependent upon coastal fishing waters; and the entire ecology supporting such fish, fisheries, and plant animal life. A definite shift in Division responsibilities was carried out with increased emphasis and concern being directed toward the

The State

11

condition and biology of our total fishery resource, regardless of the commercial or sport uses to which it is subjected. Previous responsibilities were concerned primarily with the enforcement

laws and regulations which pertained to the harvest, sale and transport of fish and fisheries products.
of

Following the guidance of the General Assembly, the Division given increasing attention to all factors which influence coastal fisheries, has worked with numerous State and federal agencies concerned with these resources, and has greatly increased its research and development efforts.
has

The market value of finfish and shellfish to North Carolina fishermen during the 1964-66 biennium amounted to $25,296,997.
During the 1964-66 biennium, the Division of Community Planning had 20 6 contracts with 18 2 municipalities and counties Of the 86 to provide them with technical planning assistance. communities being assisted on June 30, 1966, 43 of them were undertaking advanced planning programs based on earlier studies and plans completed in earlier contracts with the Division. In July 19 66, applications for Federal grant funds were submitted on behalf of 20 communities.

The Division

also initiated in 19 66

its

first

program

to train

The work of this professional community planning experts. division assures the orderly growth of our State's cities, towns
and counties.
fire season was more serious than that but not as severe as the 19 63 spring fire season. The serious drought of fall 19 65 continued into the latter part of This drought, coupled with unfavorable atmosApril 1966. pheric conditions, resulted in a severe 1966 spring fire season. Forest fire losses in 1966, under abnormal conditions similar to those of 1963, were reduced by 46 percent with about a three

The 19 65 spring forest
19
6 4.

of

percent reduction in the

number

of fires.

The U. S. Forest Service has completed a forest survey of North Carolina and published preliminary forest resource staof forest tistics, which continue to emphasize the importance resources to the economy of our State. The wood-using industry of finished produces well over a billion dollars annually in terms the State's from benefits these of The perpetuation products

12

North Carolina Manual
depends upon maintaining a favorable balance of timber over ilif drain from harvesting raw materials and losses
timber mortality.

forests

-row

ili

<lue to

For the first time in several years, a safe margin in this favorable balance lias been lost due to expansion of our woodImprovement in this situation is imperative using industries. if we are to hold and expand our forest industries and continue More than 245,000 to enjoy the resulting economic benefits. small landowners control seventy-eight percent of our State's L'n million acres of forest lands. These lands owned by small

landowners are currently capable of sustaining
rate than they are at

a

higher growth

The Forestry Division is the only material of improvement in small ownercausing capable agency ship forestry. The future supply of forest raw materials depends
present.

on the effectiveness of the Division's programs.
.More than 40 million tree seedlings are produced annually at the Division's four nurseries and supplied to landowners at cost of production. Forest fire control procedures and training con-

tinues to

become more

effective.

have minimized timber mortality and growth need of increased support in order to remain at
level of effectiveness.

Pest and insect control efforts loss, but are in
its

current high

of Geodetic Survey is charged with surveying of determine the exact positions of various points, mathematically taking into account the curvature of the earth's surface. Fxpansion of this division has been proposed and during the 1964-66 biennium, 835 control markers were established in North Carolina. The work of the division has been singled out for its accuracy and excellence, and a paper outlining the duties and organization of the division was presented to the 1967 annual meeting of the American Congress of Mapping and Surveying.

The Division
State
to

the

si'ei.4
I

production in North Carolina totalled 1965, reflecting the increasing importance of he mineral industry to the State's overall economic development.
of

The value

mineral

million

in

According
of .Mines, U.S.

to

a

production in total of $65.7 million, setting a

preliminary estimates prepared by the Bureau Department of the Interior, 1966, value of mineral North Carolina increased 9 percent over 1965 to

new record

high.

The State

13

Principal minerals mined were stone, sand and gravel, feldspar, In addition, the first shipment of mica, and lithium minerals. phosphate rock from new mining activities in eastern North Carolina was made April 1, 1966.

Use by the public of North Carolina's 13 State Parks continued to increase by leaps and bounds during 1965 and 1966, setting new records each year. The emphasis on total use of the park facilities has generated more swimming, camping, hiking,
boating and fishing by park users.
In 1965, 2,092,519 persons visited the State Parks, a record high for total attendance. In 1966, a new record for total attendance of 2,182,300 was recorded, showing an increase of almost 90,000 over the previous year.

Planned improvements of current park facilities and an orderly program of expansion is being carried out by the State Parks Division, aimed at preserving, protecting and renewing the quality of those natural resources for which it is responsible.

The North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development is proud of our State's accomplishments during the past
two years, and looks forward to ever greater progress toward Without the co"Total Development" in the coming years. operation and efforts of countless citizens, State, Federal and local officials, this record of achievement would not be nearly
as impressive.

Public Health in North Carolina

North Carolina has a vigorous and effective program of public
health.

The State Board of Health and the 66 local health departments serving the 100 counties assure an alert concern for the healtb Basic State laws conditions in all facilities serving the public. empower the health departments to inspect and regulate conditions affecting health.

While there were various laws and statutes relating to public health measures passed prior to that time, the State Board of Health was created by the General Assembly of 1877, and lias

l

1

North Carolina Manual

been functioning, with changes from time to time, ever since. The General Assembly of 1957 recodified, and to a considerable extent modernized, all public health and related laws of North Carolina. This was done for purposes of coordination and clarification. Guilford has the distinction of being the first county in the United states to inaugurate full-time county health work. June 20, 1911. The
following year, Robeson became the first purely rural county the United States to take this step, but it was not until July 1949 thai the last four counties provided this service.
in
1,

There has been continued progress more than five decades. Illustrations of

in

public health in

these

this

can be found in every

aspect of the legal responsibilities placed upon the State Board of Health. Among these may be noted: compulsory immunization ol

beginning at two months of age for poliomyelitis; linursing and combination nursing and homes for the aged and infirm; surveys in the areas of air pollution and environmental health; and the establishment of a coordinated State North Carolina published the nation's Radiological Program. first Occupational Health Manual in 1961.
children

censure

of

The State Hoard
the

of

Health

is

the State agency administering

Health

Insurance

Benefits

Program
a

million eight
surgical,

hundred thousand dollars medical and hospital service
a

Over a (Medicare). year is being spent on
handicapped children.

to

progressive school health coordinating unit and programs of service are being carried on for the aged and for the chronically ill. Many preventive services are rendered by the modern Laboratory Division and by both the consultant staff oi the State Hoard and by the staffs of the local health departments.

We

have

State Highway Ststkms
Oil

January

1,

1966, the State had under

its

direct jurisdiction

and streets, a distance equivalent to almost three times around the world at the equator. This vast mileage is almost 10 per cent of the gross length of all mileage under State control in the entire Nation. The three basic systems in this North Carolina network are as follows:

72,822 miles of highways, roads

Tim Primary State Highway System

in

rural areas

is

made up

The State
of

15

the U. S., N. C. and Interstate numbered routes, and has a length of 11,566 miles, substantially all hard surfaced. The largest of the three systems is the Rural Secondary System of 57,959 the remainder being surmiles, of which 29.810 miles are paved faced with stone, soil or other all weather material. There is

—

more rural paving in North Carolina than in any other state except Texas, California, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Wisconsin. Some 96% of the State's rural people live on, or within one mile of a paved highway or road. In addition to these two rural systems, the State has jurisdiction over 3,297 miles of streets which form a part of the State High-

way and Road systems in municipalities. Of this Municipal System, 3,090 miles are paved. Combining the three systems, the State operates a network of miles of paved and 28,431 miles of unpaved highways, 4 4.391 roads and streets. The State has direct jurisdiction over more
mileage than has any other road governing body in the nation In terms of size and population, no other state exceeds North road services provided for its people. Carolina in the extent of There are no toll roads or bridges in North Carolina.
solete sections

placed on modernizing many obPrimary System, mainly from the $300 million Bond Issue authorized in the Statewide referendum of November. 1965; completing the Interstate Highway System; and starting the Appalachian Highway Program. Some 386 miles of the Interstate have already been built to final standards and

Major emphasis
of

is

now being

the

opened

to traffic.

Since 1921. the entire Road and Highway Program of the State has been financed exclusively from the gasoline tax. motor vehicle license fees and Federal Aid. without recourse to property taxation or aid from the General State Fund. During the past fiscal year ending June 30, 1966. the State Highway Fund, including

Federal Aid. expended $244,621,581 for highway, road, and street maintenance, betterments and improvements, including the operation of the Motor Vehicle Department. Highwaj Patrol, Highway Safety Division, other state agencies, and the
construction,

retirement of Secondary

Road Ponds.

RtKM
Rural
rural
electrification

Electric ami Telephone Servick

areas of North

Carolina received little benefits from prior to 1935. which is often spoken of as

1

6

N'ni:

i

ii

Carolina Manual

the starting point. At thai time, only 1.SS4 miles or rural lines serving LI, 558 farms were recorded by the North Carolina Rural Electrification Authority, which was created in that year to secure electric service for the rural areas. Today the Authority reports in operation 97,786 miles of rural lines serving 900,456 consumers. In addition to this, there were 237 miles under con-

struction or authorized for construction to serve 3,036 consumers. Electrification has contributed considerably to the great progress
in
fied

agricultural development over the past few years. The electrifarm provided for comfort and health in farm living through

lighting, refrigeration, freezers,

plumbing and

communication, ranges, washing machines. all other many useful household electric

appliances.

Elecis essential to modern farm production. used by farmers in many ways yard and building lighting; running water; poultry incubators, brooders, and feeders; livestock feeding; milking; grain and hay driers; irrigation; and many other electric-motor driven pieces of farm producing equipment. Electricity affords fire protection and the operation of
Electric service
is

tricity

—

many labor-saving devices for the rural home and farm activities. Electric service is practically essential in types of farm production; for example, the production of Grade A Milk.
The 1945 United States Census indicated that only 14,539 North Carolina farms had telephone service. The desire and need in the rural areas for communication, so essential to the well-being of
the people was so widespread that the 1945 General Assembly enacted the Rural Telephone Act, charging the North Carolina Rural Electrification Authority with the responsibility of assistrural residences in securing telephone service. Funds and personnel were first assigned to the program in 1949, which might well be termed the active beginning. Through the activities of the State Authority and other State agencies and as a result of cooperation on the part of the telephone industry and the organ-

ing

ization

of

a

number

of

member-owned Telephone Membership

Corporations, over eight times as many farms now have telephone service as in 1945. In addition, a. greater number of rural nonfarm residences also have service.

Public Schools

North Carolina provides a basic State-supported nine months public school term, which is supplemented by the 169 local school

The State

17

Public school enrollment in 1965-66 was administrative units. 1,201,139, the ninth largest enrollment of the 50 states. Attendance is compulsory for children between the ages of 7 and

There were 48,631 teachers, principals and supervisors in 1965-66. Nearly 60 percent of all general fund taxes collected by the State are used for elementary and secondary schools. The State finances operation of a fleet of 9,10 8 buses, transporting In 1965-66, there were 592,318 pupils to the public schools. 2,164 separated organized public schools in the State, and the Extotal value of public school property was $994,752,404. penditures per pupii for current expenses included $2 67.5 6 from
16.

State funds, $55.36 from federal funds, and $45.37 from local The State Board of Education, with three ex-officio sources. members and ten members appointed by the Governor and con-

firmed by the General Assembly, has responsibility for the general supervision and administration of the public school system and of the educational funds provided by the State and Federal governments; for the formulation of ru'es, regulations and policies The concerning instructional programs and for fiscal matters. State Superintendent of Public Instruction is the administrative

head of the public school system and secretary of the State Board Elected every four years by popular vote, he is of Education. responsible for administering the instructional policies estab-

Department

lished by the Board, for organizing and establishing the State of Public Instruction, and for other matters relating

to administration

and supervision, excluding fiscal matters. The Controller of the State Board of Education is the executive administrator of the Board in the supervision and management of fiscal affairs, including the budgeting, allocation, accounting, certification, auditing and disbursing of public school funds administered by the Board.

Community Colleges
The 19 63 General Assembly, following recommendations of the Governor's Commission on Education Beyond the High School, enacted legislation authorizing the establishment of a system of community colleges, technical institutes and industrial education The Department of Community Colleges, under the centers.
direction of the State Board of Education,
is

responsible for State

is

Nobth Carolina Manual

administration of this system. These three types of institucommuting, nonresident, multipurpose and community centered, offering to high school graduates and others beyond the normal high school age opportunities for two-year college parlevel

tions are

•

allel programs, technical programs, vocational programs and general adult and community service courses. Institutions in opration in the fall of 1!)66 were 12 community colleges, 17 tech-

one industrial educational center, and 13 exteninstitutions. The average annual full-time equivalent enrollment for the 43 institutions in 1965-66 was These students were instructed by 986 faculty members. 25.704.
nical

institutes,

sion

units of

these

Colleges am» Universities

first

The University of North Carolina, chartered in 17S9, was the State University in the United States to open its doors.
Today, the University of North Carolina is composed of four the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North

units:

Carolina State University at Raleigh, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, and the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.

There are twelve tax-supported senior colleges located throughout the State: Agricultural and Technical College (Greensboro). Appalachian State Teachers College (Boone). Asheville-Biltmore
College (Asheville), East Carolina College (Greenville). Elizabeth City State College (Elizabeth City). Fayetteville State College (Fayetteville), North Carolina College at Durham (Durham North Carolina School of the Arts (Winston-Salem). Pembroke State College (Pembroke), Western Carolina College
i

Cullowhee Wilmington College (Wilmington) and WinstonSalem State College (Winston-Salem). Twelve tax-supported State community colleges, requiring loi

)

,

cal financial

support

in

Central Piedmont

Community College

Albemarle
lege

(Elizabeth (Lexington). Gaston College (Gastonia). Isothermal Community College (Spindale). Lenoir County Community College (Kinston). Rockingham Community College (Wentworth), Sandnills Community College (Southern Pines). Southeastern Community College ( Whiteville Surry Community College (Dob)
.

addition to State funds, are in operation: (Charlotte). College of the City). Davidson County Community Col-

Tiik Statk

19

son), Western

Piedmont Community College (Morganton), and Wilkes Community College ( Wilkesboro)
.

seventy institutions of higher learning in the State. Among the forty-two private or church-related institutions, there are: one university (Duke University in Durham, one
of the

In all there are

most heavily endowed institutions of higher learning

in

the world), twenty-seven senior colleges, fourteen junior colleges,

one theological seminary, and three Bible colleges.
Total college enrollment in North Carolina institutions of highand private, was 112,805 in Pall 1966. and 104,852 in Fall 1965.
er learning, both public

Legal responsibility for planning and promoting a sound, vigorous, progressive and coordinated system of higher education for the State rests with the State Board of Higher Education
Established by the 1955 General Assembly, the Board seeks tli. cooperation of other agencies and colleges, public and private, in developing a system of higher education that meets the State ongoing and future needs at the highest level of excellence.

^VEHRSHi

i»v

THE STATE CAPITOL
The original State Capital of North Carolina was destroyed by fire on June 21, 1831. At the session of November, 1832, the Assembly resolved to rebuild on the old site, and $50,000 was appropriated for the purpose. Commissioners were appointed to have the work done. The rubbish was cleared away, the excavations made and the foundawere laid. On July 4, 1833, the cornerstone was set in place. After the foundations were laid the work progressed more slowly and it was so expensive that the appropriation was exhausted. The Legislature at its next session appropriated $75,000 more. To do the stone and finer work many skilled artisans had been
tions

brought from Scotland and other countries. The Building Commissioners contracted with David Paton to come to Raleigh and superintend the work. Mr. Paton was an architect who had come from Scotland the year before. He was the builder, the architect,

and designer. The Legislature was compelled to make appropriations for the work from time to time. The following is a table of the several appropriations made:
Session of 1S32-33 Session of 1833-34

Session of 1834-35. Session of 1835
.

_$ 50,000.00 75,000.00 75,000.00 75,000.00

Session of 1836-37_ Session of lS38-39_ Session of 1840-41_
Total

120,000.00 105,300.00 31,374.46

$531,674.46

of the State.

The stone with which the building was erected was the property Had the State been compelled to purchase this maof the Capitol would have been considerably inthe cost terial
In the

creased.

summer

of 18 40 the

work was

finished.

At

last,

after

more than seven

As years, the sum of $531,674.46 was expended. so was State the when poor the time, large as that sum was for
21

22

North Carolina Manual

and when the entire taxes for ;ill State purposes reached less than $100,000, yet the people were satisfied. The building had been erected with rigorous economy, and it was an object of great pride in the people. Indeed, never was money better expended Than in
the erection of this noble Capitol.

Description of the Capitol, Written by David Pa ton, the Architect
HO feet in length from north to south "The State Capitol is 4 feet from east to west. The whole height is 97% feet in the by center. The apex of pediment is t>4 feet in height. The stylobate
1 1

ii

is
-.ivv

18
:>

feel

in
l"l>
is

height.

feel

ing course,

and west porticoes entablature, including blockcontinued around the building 12 feet high.

The columns

of the east

inches in diameter.

An

columns and entablature are Grecian Doric, and copied from the Temple of Minerva, commonly called the Parthenon. which was erected in Athens about 500 years before Christ. An octagon tower surrounds the rotunda, which is ornamented with Grecian cornices, etc., and its dome is decorated at top with a similar ornament to that of the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates. commonly called the Lanthorn of Demosthenes.

The

The interior of the Capitol is divided into three stories: First. the lower story, consisting of ten rooms, eight of which are appropriated as offices to the Governor, Secretary. Treasurer, and
the one Comptroller, each having two rooms of the same size containing an area of H49 square feet, the other 528 square feet the two committee rooms, each containing 200 square feet and four closets; also the rotunda, corridors, vestibules, and piazzas, contain an area of 1,370 square feet. The vestibules are decorated with columns and antae, similar to those of the Ionic Temple on
is

—

groined

the Missus, near the Acropolis of Athens. The remainder with stone and brick, springing from columns and

pilasters of the

Roman Doric

"The second story consists of Senatorial and Representatives' chambers, the former containing an area of 2.545 and the latter 2,849 square feet. Four apartments enter from Senate Chamber. two of which contain each an area of 169 square feet, and the other two contain <>ach an area of 154 square feet: also, two rooms enter

The Capitol

23

from Representatives' chamber, each containing an area of L70 square feet; of two committee rooms, each containing an area of 231 square feet; of four presses and the passages, stairs, lobbies, and colonnades, containing an area of 3,204 square feet. "The lobbies and Hall of Representatives have their columns and antae of the Octagon Tower of Andronicus Cyrrhestes and the plan of the hall is of the formation of the Greek theatre and the columns and antae in the Senatorial chamber and rotunda are of the Temple of Erectheus, Minerva, Polias, and Pandrosus, in the Acropolis of Athens, near the above named Parthenon.
"Third, or attic story, consists of rooms appropriated to the Supreme Court and Library, each containing an area of 693 square
Galleries of both houses have an area of 1,300 square feet; two apartments entering from Senate gallery, each 169 square feet, of four presses and the lobbies' stairs, 988 square
feet.

also

feet.
it is

These lobbies as well as rotunda, are lit with cupolas, and proposed to finish the court and library in the florid Gothic

style."

e

THE STATE LEGISLATIVE BUILDING*
(Named by
By Ralph
Ch.
8,

SL 1963)

B. Reeves, Jr.

The Building Commission
The 1959 General Assembly appropriated funds and authorized the establishment of a Building Commission for the construction of a new building for the Legislative Branch of the State Government. The statute provided that two members be appointed by
each Presiding Officer of the two Houses and that three be appointed by the Governor. Archie K. Davis and Robert P. Morgan were appointed by Lieutenant Governor Luther E. Barnhardt; B. I. Satterfield and Thomas J. White were appointed by Speaker of the House Addison Hewlett; and Governor Hodges appointed A. E. Finley, Edwin Gill, and Oliver R. Rowe.

The Commission elected Thomas J. White as Chairman and Robert F. Morgan as Vice Chairman. Paul A. Johnston, Director of the Department of Administration, was elected Executive Secretary; and upon his resignation, the Commission elected Prank B.
Turner, State Property Officer, to succeed him. To perform architectural services, the Commission selected Edward Durell Stone of New York with John S. Holloway and Ralph B. Reeves, Jr., Associated. After prolonged study, the Commission selected a site one block North of the Capitol and encompassing a two-block area. The 5%streets.

acre site is bounded by Jones, Salisbury, Lane, and Wilmington Halifax Street between Jones and Lane streets was closed

and included within the new site. Bids were received in December, 1960; construction commenced in early 1961. The 1961 General Assembly appropriated an additional $1 million for furnishings and equipment bringing the total
appropriation to $5% million. Based upon the latest census, the cost of the building to citizens of North Carolina was $1.24 each.
*The Building
is

commonly

referred to as

THE STATE HOUSE.
25

I'C,

NOKTH

(' \i:«>i

I

\

\

.M

\\

PAL

Description of the Building' The State Legislative Building, though not an imitation of Rising from a Loric classical styles, is classical in character.
fool
2 I-

his340is

wide podium of North Carolina granite, the building proper
feel

The walls and the columns are of Vermont marble, the latter forming a colonnade encompassing the building and reaching 24 feel from the podium to the roof of the second
square.
Hoor.

podium floor, at the main entrance, is a 28diameter terrazzo mosaic of the Great Seal of the State. From the first floor main entrance (at Jones Street) the carpeted 22I'oot wide main stair extends directly to the third floor and the public galleries of the Senate and House, the auditorium, the disInset in the south
fool

play area,
ing.

and the roof gardens. The four garden courts are located

at the corners of the build-

These courts contain tropical plants, and three have pools, fountains, and hanging planters. The main floor areas of the courts are located in the first floor, and mezzanines overlook the courts from the second floor. The skylights which provide natural lighting are located within the roof gardens overhead. The courts provide access to committee rooms in the first floor, the legislative chambers in the second floor, and to members' offices in both
floors.

The Senate and House chambers, each 5,180 square feet in occupy the east and west wings of the second floor. Following the traditional relationship of the two chambers in the Capitol, the two spaces are divided by the rotunda; and when the main brass doors are open, the two presiding officers face one another. Each pair of brass doors weigh 1,5 pounds.
area,

pyramidal roofs covering the Senate and House chamauditorium, the main stair, and the rotunda are sheathed with copper, as is the Capitol. The pyramidal shape of the roofs is visible in the pointed ceilings inside. The structural ribs form a coffered ceiling; and inside the coffered patterns, concentric patterns are outlined in gold. In each chamber, the distance from the floor to the peak of the ceiling is 45 feet. Chandeliers in the chambers and main stair are 8 feet in diameter and weigh 625 pounds each. The 12-foot diameter chandelier of the rotunda, like the others, is of brass, but its weight is 750 pounds.
five

The

bers, the

The Capitol

27

Because of the interior environment, the garden courts and rotunda have tropical plants and trees. Outside, however, the shrubs and trees are of an indigenous type. Among the trees in the grounds, on the podium, and in the roof areas are sugar maples, dogwoods, crabapples, magnolias, crepe myrtles, and
pines.

Throughout the building, the same color scheme is maintained: Walnut, white, gold, and red, with green foliage. In general, all wood is American walnut, metal is brass or other gold colored material, carpets are red, and upholstery is gold or black. The enclosed area consists of 206,000 square feet of floor area with a volume of 3,210,000 cubic feet. Heating equipment provides over 7,000,000 B.T.U. per hour; and the cooling equipment has a capacity of 620 tons. For lighting, motors, and other electrical equipment, the building has a connected service load of
over 2,000,000 watts.

Became Governor July 11, 1874 when Tod R. Caldwell died in office. Became Governor February 5, 1879 when Governor Vance was elected U.
Senator.

S.

4. 5.

6.

Became Governor April 9, 1891 when D. G. Fowle died in office. Became Governor November 7, 1954 when William B. Umstead Died in office, August 18, 1961.

died in office.

THE STATE FLAG
An Act
to Establish a State Flag
:

of North Carolina do enact Section 1. That the flag of North Carolina shall consist of a blue union, containing in the center thereof a white star with tin letter N in gilt on the left and the letter C in gilt on the righl <>i said star, the circle containing the same to be one-third the width of

The General Assembly

the union.
Sec. 2. That the fly of the flag shall consist of two equally proportioned bars; the upper bar to be red, the lower bar to be white; that the length of the bars horizontally shall be equal to the perpendicular length of the union, and the total length of the flag
shall be one-third
Sec.
3.

more than

its

width.
in

That above the star

the center of the union there

shall be a gilt scroll in semicircular form, containing in black letters this inscription: "May 20th, 1775," and that below the star

there shall be a similar scroll containing in black letters the
scription: "April 12th, 1776."

in-

In the General Assembly read three times and ratified this 9th

day

of

March, A.D., 1885.
since the passage of this

No change has been made in the flag act. By an act of 1907 it is provided:
institutions

"That the board of trustees or managers of the several State and public buildings shall provide a North Carolina flag, of such dimensions and materials as they may deem best, and the same shall be displayed from a staff upon the top of each and every such building at all times except during inclement weather, and upon the death of any State officer or any prominent citizen the Flag shall be put at half-mast until the burial of such person shall have taken place. "That the Board of County Commissioners of the several counties in this State shall likewise authorize the procuring of a North Carolina flag, to be displayed either on a staff upon the top, or draped behind the Judge's stand, in each and every courthouse in the State, and that the State flag shall be displayed at each and every term of court held, and on such other public occasions as the Commissioners may deem proper." (Rev., s. 5321; 1885 c. 291;
1907,
c.

Abraham Alexander was appointed Chairman, and John McThe following resolutions were offered, Alexander, Clerk.

1. Resolved. That whosoever directly or indirectly abetted or in any way form or manner contenanced the unchartered and dangerous invasion of our rights as claimed by Great Britain is an enemy to this country, to America, and to the inherent and inalienable rights of man.

2. Resolved. That we the citizens of Mecklenburg County, do hereby dissolve the political bands which have connected us to the mother country and hereby absolve ourselves from all allegiance to the British Crown and abjure all political connection contract or association with that nation who have wantonly trampled on our rights and liberties and inhumanly shed the blood of American patriots at Lexington.

3. Resolved. Thai we do hereby declare ourselves a free and independent people, are. and of right ought to be a sovereign and

*The above
Carolina.

is

found

in

Vol.

IX, papres 1263-05 of the Colonial

Records of North

36

The Mecklenburg Declaration

37

self-governing association under the control of no power other than that of our God and the General Government of the Congress
to the

maintenance

of

which independence we solemnly pledge
lives,

to

each other our mutual cooperation, our most sacred honor.
4.

our fortunes, and our

we now acknowledge the existence and conno law or legal officer, civil or military within this County, we do hereby ordain and adopt as a rule of life all, each and every of our former laws wherein nevertheless the Crown of Great Britain never can be considered as holding rights, privileges, immunities, or authority therein. 5. Resolved, That it is further decreed that all, each and every Military Officer in this County is hereby reinstated in his former command and authority, he acting conformably to these regnla
Resolved, That as
trol of

—

And that every member present of this delegation shall henceforth be a civil officer, viz., a justice of the peace, in the character of a "committee man" to issue process, hear and determine all matters of controversy according to said adopted laws
tions.

to preserve peace, union and harmony in said county, and use every exertion to spread the love of Country and fire of freedom throughout America, until a more general and organized government be established in this Province.

and
to

THE GREAT SEAL
The Constitution
i|u

of

North

Carolina,

Article

III,

section

1(1,

re-

ires

i

hai

"There shall be a seal of the State which shall be kept by the Governor, and used by him as occasion may require, and shall be called The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina.' All grants and Commissions shall be issued in the name and by the authority of the State of North Carolina, sealed with 'The Great Seal of the State,' signed by the Governor and countersigned by the Secretary
of State."

The use of a Great Seal for the attestation of important documents began with the institution of government in North Carolina. There have been at various times nine different seals in use in the olony and State.
i

The present Great scribed as follows:

Seal

of

the

State of North Carolina

is

de-

"The Creat Seal of the State of North Carolina is two and onequarter inches in diameter, and its design is a representation of the figures of Liberty and Plenty, looking toward each other, but not more than half fronting each other, and otherwise disposed, as follows: Liberty, the first figure, standing, her pole with cap on it in her left hand and a scroll with the word 'Constitution' inscribed thereon in her right hand. Plenty, the second figure, sitting down. her right arm half extended toward Liberty, three heads of wheat in her right hand, and in her left the small end of her horn, the mouth of which is resting at her feet, and the contents of horn hi the exergon is inserted the words May 20, 1775, rolling out. above the coat of arms. Around the circumference is the legend 'The Creat Seal of the State of North Carolina' and the motto
'Esse
c.

Quam
s.

Videri'."

(Rev.,

s.

5339;
c.

Code

ss.

3328,

3329;

1868-9,

270,

35;

1883.

c.

392; 1893.

145.)

38

THE STATE BIRD
By popular choice the Cardinal was selected for adoption as our State Bird as of March 4, 1943. (S. L. 1943 c. 595; G. S.
145-2).

This bird is sometimes called the Winter Redbird because it is most conspicuous in winter and is the only "redbird" present al It is an all year round resident and one of the comthat season. monest birds in our gardens and thickets. It is about the size of a Catbird with a longer tail, red all over, except that the throat and region around the bill is black; the head is conspicuously crested and the large stout bill is red; the female is much duller the red being mostly confined to the crest, wings and tail. There are no seasonal changes in the plumage. The Cardinal is a fine singer, and what is unusual among birds the female is said to sing as well as the male, which latter sex

—

usually has a monopoly of that art in the feathered throngs.

The nest is rather an untidy affair built of weed stems, grass and similar materials in a low shrub, small tree or bunch of briars, usually not over four feet above the ground. The usual number
of eggs to a set is three in this State, usually four further North. Possibly the Cardinal raises an extra brood down here to make up the difference, or possibly he can keep up his normal population more easily here through not having to face inclement winters of the colder North. A conspicuous bird faces more hazards.

The cardinal is by nature a seed eater, but he does not dislike small fruits and insects.

41

THE HALIFAX RESOLUTION
Adopted by the Provincial Congress
al

of

North Carolina

in

Session

Halifax, April 12, 1776.

"The Select Committee taking into Consideration the usurpaand tions and violences attempted and committed by the King Parliamenl of Britain against America, and the further Measures better defence of to be taken for frustrating the same, and for the
this province reported as follows, to wit,
"It appeals to your Committee that pursuant to the Plan concerted by the British Ministry for subjugating America, the King and Parliamenl of Great Britain have usurped a Power over the

Persons and Properties of the People unlimited and uncontrouled; and disregarding their humble Petitions for Peace, Liberty and War Famsafety, have made divers Legislative Acts, denouncing ine and every Species of Calamity against the Continent in GenThat British Fleets and Armies have been and still are eral. the most daily employed in destroying the People and commiting
horrid devastations on the Country. That Governors in different Colonies have declared Protection to Slaves who should imbrue their Hands in the Blood of their Masters. That the Ships belonging to America are declared prizes of War and many of them have been violently seized and confiscated in consequence of which multitudes of the people have been destroyed or from easy Cir-

cumstances reduced to the most Lamentable distress. •And whereas the moderation hitherto manifested by the United Colonies and their sincere desire to be reconciled to the mother Country on Constitutional Principles, have procured no mitigation of the aforesaid Wrongs and usurpations, and no hopes remain of obtaining redress by those Means alone which have been hitherto tried. Your Committee are of Opinion that the house should enter
into the following Resolve, to wit

"Resolved that the delegates for this Colony in the Continental Congress he impowered to concur with the delegates of the other Colonies in declaring Independency, and forming foreign Alliances, reserving to this Colony the Sole, and Exclusive right of

forming

a

Constitution and

Laws

for this Colony,

and

of appoint-

ing delegates From time to time

(under the direction of a general
Col-

Representation thereof) to meet the delegates of the other onies for such purposes as shall be hereafter pointed out."

NAME OF STATE AND NICKNAMES
In 1629 King Charles the First of England "erected into a province," all the land from Albemarle Sound on the north to the St. John's River on the south, which he directed should be called Carolina. The word Carolina is from the word Carolus, the Latin

form

of Charles.

Carolina was divided in 1710, the southern part was Souuth Carolina and the northern or older settlement was called North Carolina, or the "Old North State." Historians had recorded the fact that the principal products of this State were It was during one of the fiercest "tar, pitch and turpentine." battles of the War Between the States, so the story goes, that the column supporting the North Carolina troops was driven from the field. After the battle the North Carolinians, who had successfully fought it out alone, were greeted from the passing derelict regiment with the question: "Any more tar down in the Old North State, boys?" Quick as a flash came the answer: "No; not a bit; old Jeff's bought it all up." "Is that so; what is he going to do with it?" was asked. "He is going to put it on you-uns heels to
called

When

stick better in the next fight." Creecy relates that GenLee, hearing of the incident, said: "God bless the Tar Heel boys," and from that they took the name. Adapted from Grandfather Tales of North Carolina by R. B. Creecy and Histories of

make you
eral

—

North Carolina Regiments, Vol.

Ill,

by Walter Clark.

The State Motto
of 1893 (chapter 145) adopted the words Videri" as the State's motto and directed that these words with the date "20 May, 1775," should be placed with our Coat of Arms upon the Great Seal of the State. The words "Esse Quam Videri" mean "to be rather than to seem." Nearly every State has adopted a motto, generally in Latin. The reason for their mottoes being in Latin is that the Latin

The General Assembly

"Esse

Quam

tongue

is

far

more condensed and
"Esse

terse

that the
at
least

English.
six

The

three words,

Quam

Videri,"

require

English

words

to express the same idea. Curiosity has been aroused to learn the origin of our Stat.' motto. It is found in Cicero in his essay on Friendship (Cicero de

Amicitia, Chap. 26)
43

1

1

North C

vhoi

i

\

\

M

\\r.\i.

;;

until the act of 1893 the sovereign is a little singular thai It State of North Carolina had no motto since its declaration of instates which did not have dependence. It was our of the verj few motto and the only one of the original thirteen without one.
I

Rev.,

s

5320;

1893,

c.

1

15;

G. S. 144-2.)

The State Colors
The General Assembly
appearing Flag as the
in

of

L945 declared

the

North

Carolina

official State Colors.

Red and Blue of shades Flag and the American (Session Laws. 1945, c. 878.)
State

The State Flower
The General Assembly
State flower.
of

1941
c.

designated the dogwood as the
289; G. S. 145-1.)

(Public Laws. mil.

The State Song
The song known
official sons; of

"The Old North State" was adopted as the the State of North Carolina by the General Assemas
c.

bly of L927.

I

Public Laws. 1927.

26; G.S. 149-1).

The State
The Genera]
Assembly
of

Shell
designated
c.

1965

the

Scotch

Bonnet

as the State Shell.

(Session Laws, 1965,

681).

The State Tree The pine was officially designated as the State Assembly of L963. (Session Laws, 1963, c. 41).

tree by the General

The State Toast
adopted as the toast of North Carolina by the General Assembly of 1957. (Session Laws, 1957. c. 777 I.
Officially

Here's to the land of the long leaf pine,

The summer land where the sun doth shine, Where the weak grow strong and the strong grow Here's to "Down Home," the Old North State!

great,

Here's to the land of the cotton bloom white. Where the scuppernong perfumes the breeze at night,

Where

the soft southern

'Neath the

murmuring

moss and jessamine mate, pines of the Old North State!

Public Holidays
Here's to the land where the galax grows, the rhododendron's rosette glows.
soars

45

Where Where
In the

Mount

Pditchell's

summit

great.

"Land

of the Sky," in the Old

North State!

Here's to the land where maidens are fair, Where friends are true and cold hearts rare, The near land, the dear land whatever fate,

The

blest land, the best land, the Old
in 1904
&2/

North State!

(Composed

Leonora Martin and Mary Burke Kerr.)

January 1 New Year's Day. January 19 Birthday of General Robert E. Lee. February 22 Birthday of George Washington. Easter Monday. (Applies to State and National Banks only). April 12 Anniversary of the Resolutions adopted by the Provincial Congress of North Carolina at Halifax, April 12, 1776, authorizing the delegates from North Carolina to the Continental

— — —

Public Holidays

—

Congress to vote for a Declaration of Independence. May 10 Confederate Memorial Day.

May May
only)

20

— — Anniversary
— Memorial
first

of

the

"Mecklenburg Declaration
to

of

In-

dependence."
30

Day (Applies

State and National

Banks

July

4

September,

— Independence Day. Monday— Labor Day.
11

November, Tuesday after

November

— Veterans
26,

first

Monday

— General
Day.

Election Day.

Day.

November, Fourth Thursday

— Thanksgiving
of Congress,

By

joint Resolution No. 41

approved by the Presiin

dent December

1941, the fourth

Thursday

November

in each

and every year after 1941, was designated as Thanksgiving Day and made a legal public holiday to all intents and purposes.

December

25

— Christmas

Day.
(G.S. 103-4).

46

Noktii C vroi

i

\ a

Manual

Population of the State Since 1675
1675
1701
1707

(Estimated)

4,000 5,000
.

(Estimated) (Estimated) (Estimated) (Estimated)

7,000

1715
172-9

11,000

35,000

1752
17G5
1771
__
.

(Estimated) (Estimated)
(Estimated)

100,000 200,000

250,000

1786
1790
1800

(Estimated)
(Census)
(Census)

350,000
393,751

47S.103

1810 1820 1830 1840 1850
1860

(Census) (Census) (Census) (Census) (Census) (Census) (Census)

555,500
638,829

737,987 753,409
869,039

992,622
1,071,361 1,399,750

1870 1880 1890
1900 1910
__

(Census)
(Census)

1,617,947

(Census)
(Census) (Census) (Census)
(Census)
_

1,893,810 2,206,287
2,559,12-3

1920
1930

3,170,276
3,571,623 4,061,929 4,556,155

1940 1950
1960

(Census)
(Census)

THE OLD NORTH STATE
(Traditional air as sung in 1928)

William Gaston
With spirit

Collected and abbangui bt Mas. E. E. Randolph

1

.

2.
3.

Car - o Tho' she

li

-

en
all

na! vies

Car
not

li

-

nal

heav-en's bless-ings
their

at -

tend
glo
live
-

her,
ry,
hi,

Then

let

those

who

oth - ers, love us,

mer

-

it

ed

love the land

that

we

IB
scorn
true
-

we willcher - ish, pro While we live Say whose name stands the fore most, in re - gion as a As py hap
-

-

tect
lib
-

and
er side
-

de- fend her, Tho' the ty'ssto ry, Tho' too
of

on

this

heav-en,

Where

er to
ty

may
her

sneer
-

at

and
to

wit

-

lings

de

self

e'er

crouch to
joy

plen

-

and

peace, love and

smile be

- fame her, Still our hearts swell with Who can yield to just op pres-sion, -

fore

us, Raise a-loud, rais;

J£3c a

3*--p:

3=

m
*=±*
ev
loy heart
• -

-%

t= 4

h

&^-m
|_^l

-r<*
I

*
i

—

to-

>"-*—!

f

=£^=3

Chobus

EBE
I

glad
rule

-

ness
»
•

when
more
the

er
al
thrill
-

we name

f mi
her.

geth

er

sub-mis-sion. ing cho-rus.

Hur

-

rahl

Hur

-

rahl

the

Old North State for - ev
-ft

m—r*-

Hur

•

rahl 19-

Hur-rahl

the good Old North State.

CONSTITUTION
OF THE

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
PREAMBLE
North Carolina, grateful to Almighty God, the Sovereign Ruler of Nations, for the preservation of the American Union and the existence of our civil, political and religious

We, the people

of the State of

liberties,

and acknowledging our dependence upon Him for the continuance of those blessings to us and our posterity, do, for the more certain security thereof, and for the better government of this State,
ordain and establish this Constitution:

ARTICLE

I

DECLARATION OF RIGHTS

That the Great, general and essential principles of liberty and free government may be recognized and established, and that the relations of this State to the Union and Government of the United States, and those of the people of this State to the rest of the American people may be defined and affirmed, we do declare:
Section
1.

The equality and rights
their

to be self-evident that all

endowed by

of persons. That we hold it persons are created equal; that they are Creator with certain inalienable rights; that

among these are life, liberty, own labor, and the pursuit of
Sec.
2.

the enjoyment of the fruits of their

happiness.

and government. That all political power and derived from, the people; all government of right originates from the people, is founded upon their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole.
Political -power
is

vested

in,

That the people of Internal government of the State. 3. State have the inherent, sole and exclusive right of regulating the internal government and police thereof, and of altering and abolishing their Constitution and form of government whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness; but every such
Sec. this
in

50

Xoin

ii

(' \i:oi

i

\

\

M

w

i

\i.

right should be exercised in pursuance of with the Constitution of the United States.
Sec.

law.

and consistently

4 That there is no right to secede. That this State shall remain a member of the American Union; that the people thereof arc a part of the American Nation; that there is no right on the part of the State to secede, and that all attempts, from whatever source or upon whatever pretext, to dissolve said Union or to sever said Nation, oughl to be resisted with the whole power

evei

of the State.

That Sec. r>. Of allegiance to the United States Government. every citizen of this State owes paramount allegiance to the Constitution and Government of the United States, and that no law or ordinance of the State in contravention or subversion thereof can
have any binding
Sec.
tion
of
6.

force.

Public debt;

bonds issued under Ordinance of Conven-

1868, '68-69, '69-70, declared invalid; exception.

The State
any debt

shall never

assume or pay, or authorize the

collection of

or obligation, express or implied, incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or

emancipation of any slave; nor shall the General Assembly assume
or pay, or authorize the collection of any tax to pay, either directly or indirectly, expressed or implied, any debt or bond incurred, or issued, by authority of the Convention of the year one thousand
eight

hundred and

sixty-eight, nor

any debt or bond incurred or

issued by the Legislature of the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, either at its special session of the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, or at its regular sessions of

years one thousand eight hundred and thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, and hundred and sixty-nine and one thousand seventy, except the bonds issued to fund the
the
first

sixty-eight

and one one thousand eight

eight hundred and interest on the old

debt of the State, unless the proposing to pay the same shall have been submitted to the people and by them ratified by the vote of a majority of all the qualified voters of the State, at a regular election held for that purpose.
Sec. 7. Exclusive emoluments, etc. No person or set of persons are entitled to exclusive or separate emoluments or privileges from the community but in consideration of public services.

Constitution
Sec. 8. The legislative, executive and judicial poivers distinct. The legislative, executive, and supreme judicial powers of the government ought to be forever separate and distinct from each

other.

All power of suspend Sec. 9. Of the power of suspending laws. ing laws, or the execution of laws, by any authority, without the consent of the representatives of the people, is injurious to their rights, and ought not to be exercised.
Sec.

10 Elections free. All elections ought to be free.

Sec. 11. In criminal prosecutions. In all criminal prosecutions, every person charged with crime has the right to be informed of the accusation and to confront the accusers and witnesses with other testimony, and to have counsel for defense, and not be com-

pelled to give self-incriminating evidence, or to pay costs, jail fees, or necessary witness fees of the defense, unless found guilty.
Sec.
to
12.

Ansxcers to criminal charges.

No person

shall be put

answer any criminal charge except as hereinafter allowed, but But any person, by indictment, presentment, or impeachment. when represented by counsel, may, under such regulations as the Legislature shall prescribe, waive indictment in all except capital
cases.

No Person shall be convicted of any Sec. 13. Right of jury. crime but by the unanimous verdict of a jury of good and lawful The Legislature may, however, provide persons in open court. other means of trial, for petty misdemeanors, with the right of
appeal.

General warrants. General warrants, whereby any offimessenger may be commanded to search suspected places, without evidence of the act committed, or to seize any person or persons not named, whose offense is not particularly described and supported by evidence, are dangerous to liberty and ought not in
Sec. 15.

cer or

be granted.
Sec.
16.

Imprisonment for

debt.

There shall be no imprison-

ment

for debt in this State, except in cases of fraud.

52

Xoki
Sec.

ii

(' \i:oi.i

\ a

M

\

\iai.

No person taken, etc., but by law of land. taken, imprisoned or disseized of his freehold, liberties, or privileges, or outlawed or exiled, or in any manner deprived of his life, liberty or property, but by fhe law of the land.
17.

No persons

ought

lo

be

Sec.

is.

Persons restrained

of

liberty.
to

Every person restrained
and such remedy

of his liberty is entitled to a

remedy
if

inquire into the lawfulness

thereof, and to remove the same, ought not to be denied or delayed.
Sec.
lit.

unlawful;

troversies

at

by jury

is

and ought excluded from jury service on account
Sec. 20.

In all conControversies at law respecting property. law respecting property, the ancient mode of trial one of the best securities of the rights of the people, No person shall be to remain sacred and inviolable.
of sex.

of the great

Freedom of the press. The freedom of the press is one bulwarks of liberty, and therefore ought never to be

restrained, but every individual shall be held responsible for the abuse of the same.
Sec.
21.

Habeas corpus.

The privilege

of

the writ

of

habeas

corpus shall not be suspended.
22. As political rights and priviProperty qualification. are not dependent upon, or modified by, property, therefore no property qualification ought to affect the right to vote or hold

Sec.

leges

office.

Sec. 23. Representation and taxation. The people of the State ought not to be taxed, or made subject to the payment of any impost or duty without the consent of themselves, or their representatives in General Assembly, freely given.

Militia and the right to bear arms. A well regulated being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed; and, as standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to liberty, they ought not to be kept up, and the military should be kept under strict subordination to, and governed by, the civil power. Nothing herein contained shall justify the practice of carrying concealed
Sec. 24

militia

weapons, or prevent the Legislature from enacting penal statutes
against said practice.
Sec.
25. a

have

right

The people Right of the people to assemble together. to assemble together to consult for their common

Constitution

53

good, to instruct their representatives, and to apply to the LegisBut secret political societies are lature for redress of grievances. dangerous to the liberties of a free people, and should not be
tolerated.
Sec. 26.

Religious liberty. All persons have a natural and inalien-

able right to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own consciences, and no human authority should, in any case whatever, control or interfere with the rights of conscience.
Sec.
27.

Education.
it

education, and that right.

is

The people have a right to the privilege of the duty of the State to guard and maintain

Sec. 28. Elections should be frequent. For redress of grievances, and for amending and strengthening the laws, elections should be

Hereditary emoluments, etc. No hereditary emoluments, or honors ought to be granted or conferred in this

Sec. 31. Perpetuities, etc. Perpetuities and monopolies are contrary to the genius of a free State, and ought not to be allowed.

Retrospective laws, punishing acts of such laws, and by them only declared criminal, are oppressive, unjust and incompatible with No liberty; wherefore no ex post facto law ought to be made. law taxing retrospectively sales, purchases, or other acts previousSec. 32.

Ex

post facto laws.

committed before the existence

ly done,

ought to be passed.

Slavery prohibited. Slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than for crime, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be, and are hereby, forever prohibited within
Sec. 33.

the State.
Sec.
34.

State

boundaries.

The

limits
are.

and boundaries

of

the

State shall be and remain as they

now

Sec. 35. Courts shall be open. All courts shall be open; and every person for an injury done him in his lands, goods, person, or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law, and righl

and justice administered without

sale, denial, or delay.

5

I

NOR!

11

('

Mini

I

\ A

MAN! M

Soldiers in time o) peace. No soldier shall, in time of 36. be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; peace, nor in time o\' war but in a manner prescribed by law.
Sec.

Treason against the state. Treason against the State only in levying war against it or adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act,
Sec.
37.

sail consist

or on confession in open court.
shall

work corruption
not

of

No conviction of treason or attainder blood or forfeiture.

Sec. 38.

shall

people;
people.

Other rights of the people. This enumeration of rights be construed to impair or deny others retained by the and all powers not herein delegated remain with the

ARTICLE
Section
in
1.

II

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT

Two

branches.

The

two distinct branches, both dependent on the people, Senate and House of Representatives.
Sec.
2.

legislative authority shall be vested to wit: a

of assembly. The Senate and House of Representameet biennially on the first Wednesday after the first Monday in February next after their election, unless a different dayshall be provided by law; and when assembled, shall be denominated the General Assembly. Neither house shall proceed upon
tives

Time

shall

public business unless a majority of all the
present.
Sec.
fifty
3.

members are
shall be

actually

Number

of

senators.

The Senate

composed

of

Senators, biennially chosen by ballot.
4.

Sec
tors.

Regulations

in

The Senate

Districts

relation to districting the State for Senashall be so altered by the General

Assembly, at the first Session after the return of every enumeraby order of Congress, that each Senate District shall contain, as near as may be, an equal number of inhabitants, excluding aliens and Indians not taxed, and shall remain unaltered until the return of another enumeration, and shall at all times consist of
tion

contiguous territory; and no county shall be divided in the formation of a Senate District, unless such county shall be equitably
entitled to

two or more Senators.

Constitution
Sec.

55

Regulations in relation to apportionment of Representaof Representatives shall be composed of 120 Representatives, biennially chosen by ballot, to be elected by the counties respectively, according to their population, and each county shall have at least one Representative in the House of Representatives, although it may not contain the requisite ratio of representation.
5.

tives.

The House

This apportionment shall be made by the Speaker of the House of Representatives at the first regular Session of the General Assembly convening after the return of every enumeration by order of ConThe formula set out in Section 6 of this Article shall be gress.
applied by the Speaker and the new apportionment entered on the Journal of the House of Representatives on or before the fiOth

calendar day of the Session. When so entered, the new apportionment shall have the same force and effect as an Act of the General Assembly, and shall become effective at the next election for members
of the

General Assembly.

Ratio of representation. In making the apportionment 6. the House of Representatives, the ratio of representation shall he ascertained by dividing the amount of the population of the
Sec.
in

State, exclusive of that comprehended within those counties which do not severally contain the one hundred and twentieth part of the population of the State, by the number of Representatives, less the number assigned to such counties; and in ascertaining the number of the population of the State, aliens and Indians not

taxed shall not be included.
ratio

To each county containing the
ratio

said

and not twice the said

there

shall

Representative; to each county containing times the said ratio there shall be assigned two Representatives, and so on progressively, and then the remaining Representatives shall be assigned severally to the counties having the largest
tractions. Sec.

be assigned one twice but not three

shall not be less
in in

Each member of the Senate than twenty-five years of age, shall have resided the State as a citizen two years, and shall have usually resided the district for which he was chosen one year immediately pre7.

Qualifications for Senators.

ceding his election.
Sec. 8. Each member of the Qualifications for Representatives. House of Representatives shall be a qualified elector of the State, and shall have resided in the county for which he is chosen tor one year immediately preceding his election.

56

North Carolina Manual
Sec.
9.

Election of officers.

In the election of

all officers,

whose

appointment shall be conferred upon the General Assembly by the
Constitution, the vote shall be viva voce.
Sec. 10. Powers in relation to divorce and alimony. The General Assemblj shall have power to pass general laws regulating divorce and alimony, but shall not have power to grant a divorce or secure alimony in any individual case.
Sec.
11.

Private laics

in

relation

to

names

of persons, etc.

The

General Assembly shall not have power to pass any private law to alter the name of any person, or to legitimate any person not born in lawful wedlock, or to restore to the rights of citizenship any person convicted of an infamous crime, but shall have power to pass general laws regulating the same.
Thirty days notice shall be given anterior to passage The General Assembly shall not pass any private law, unless it shall be made to appear that thirty days notice of application to pass such a law shall have been given, under such direction and in such manner as shall be provided by law.
Sec.
VI.

of private lairs.

If a vacancy shall occur in the General Sec. 13. Vacancies. Assembly by death, resignation or otherwise, the said vacancy shall be filled immediately by the Governor appointing the person recommended by the executive committee of the county in which the deceased or resigned member was resident, being the executive committee of the political party with which the deceased or resigned member was affiliated at the time of his election.

Sec. 14.

Ren

iikc.

No law

shall be passed to raise

money on

the

State, or to pledge the faith of the State, or indirectly, for the payment of any debt, or to impose credit
of the

directly

upon the people
to

of the State, or to allow the counties, cities or
bill for

any tax towns

do

so.

unless the

the purpose shall have been read three

several times in each house of the General Assembly and passed three several readings, which readings shall have been on three
different
less the yeas

shall

and agreed to by each house respectively, and unand nays on the second and third readings of the bill have been entered on the journal.
days,
Entails.

Sec. 15.

The General Assembly
Each house

shall regulate entails in

such

a

manner
IK.

as to prevent perpetuities.
shall keep a journal of its pro-

Sec.

Journals.

Constitution

57

ceedings, which shall be printed and made public immediately after the adjournment of the General Assembly.
Sec. 17. Protest. Any member of either house may dissent from, and protest against, any act or resolve which he may think injurious to the public, or any individual, and have the reasons for his dissent entered on the journal.

Sec.

18.

Officers

shall choose their
Sec. 19.

of the House. The House of Representatives own Speaker and other officers.

President of the Senate.

The Lieutenant-Governor
it

shall

preside in the Senate, but shall have no vote unless equally divided.
Sec.

may be

Other senatorial officers. The Senate shall elect from 20. membership a President Pro Tempore, who shall become President of the Senate upon the failure of the Lieutenant-Governor-elect to qualify, or upon succession by the Lieutenant-Governor to the office of Governor, or upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of the President of the Senate, and who shall serve until the
its

expiration of his term of office as Senator.

During the physical or mental incapacity of the President of the Senate to perform the duties of his office, or during the absence of the President of the Senate, the President Pro Tempore shall preside over the Senate. The Senate shall elect its other officers.
Sec. 21.

Style of the acts.

The

style of the acts shall be:

"The

General Assembly of North Carolina do enact."

Powers of the General Assembly. Each house shall be Sec. 22. judge of the qualifications and election of its own members, shall sit upon its own adjournment from day to day, prepare bills to be passed into laws; and the two houses may also jointly adjourn
to

any future day, or other
Sec.
23.

place.
to

Bills

and resolutions

be read three times, etc.

All

bills

and resolutions of a legislative nature shall be read three times in each house before they pass into laws, and shall be signed
officers of

by the presiding
Sec. 24.

both houses.

bly,

Each member of the General Assembefore taking his seat, shall take an oath or affirmation that he will support the Constitution and laws of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of North Carolina, and will
Oath of members.

Xdiiiii

Carolina Manual

faithfully discharge his duty as a
of

member

of the

Senate or House

Representatives.
Sec.
25.

Terms
of

of

office.

members
t

the

House

of

The terms of office for Senators and Representatives shall commence at the

ime of their
Sec.
26.

elect ion.

Yeas and by

nays.
of

either

house

one-fifth

Upon motion made and seconded in the members present, the yeas and
be

nays
Sec.

upon
27.

any

question

shall

taken

and

entered

upon

the

journals.

The General Assembly. Assembly shall be held for the respective districts and counties, at the places where they are imu held, or may be directed hereafter to be held, in such manner as may be prescribed by law, on the first Thursday in August, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy, and every two years thereafter. But the General Assembly may change the
Election
for

members

of

the

election

for

members

of

the General

time of holding the elections.

Pay of members and presiding officers of tin General The members of the General Assembly for the term Assembly. for which they have been elected shall receive as a compensation ($15.00) per day for their services the sum of fifteen dollars
Sec.
28.

tor

each day of their session for a period not exceeding 120 days. of the presiding officers of the two houses shall ).e twenty dollars ($20.00) per day for a period not exceeding Should an extra session of the General Assembly be 120 days.

The compensation

members and presiding officers shall receive a like rate compensation for a pereiod not exceeding 25 days. The members and presiding officers shall also receive, while engaged in legislative duties, such subsistence and travel allowance as shall be established by law: provided, such allowances shall not exceed rhose established for members of State boards and commissions
called, the
of

generally.
Sec.
2!».

Limitations upon power of General Assembly

to

enact

private or special legislation. The General Assembly shall not pass any local, private or special act or resolution relating to health, sani-

and the abatement of nuisances, changing the names of towns, and townships; authorizing the laying out. opening, altering, maintaining, or discontinuing of highways, streets, or
tation,
cities,

alleys:

relating

to

ferries

or

bridges:

relating

to

non-navigable

Constitution
streams:

59

relating to cemeteries; relating to the pay of jurors; erecting new townships, or changing township lines, or establishing or changing the lines of school districts; remitting fines, penalties, and forfeitures, or refunding moneys legally paid into the

public treasury; regulating labor, trade, mining, or manufacturing; extending the time for the assessment or collection of taxes or otherwise relieving any collector of taxes from the due performance
of his official duties or his sureties

from liability; giving effect to informal wills and deeds; nor shall the General Assembly enact any such local, private or special act by the partial repeal of a general law. but the General Assembly may at any time repeal Any local, private or local, private or special laws enacted by it.
special act of resolution passed in violation of the provisions of this section shall be void. The General Assembly shall have power to pass general laws regulating matters set out in this section.

The General Assembly Inviolability of sinking funds. use nor authorize to be used any part of the amount of any sinking fund for any purpose other than the retirement of the bonds for which said sinking fund has been created.
Sec.
3<>.

shall not

ment System

Use of funds of Teachers' and State Employees' The General Assembly shall not restricted. authorize to be used, nor shall any agency of the State, officer or public employee use or authorize to be used the
Sec. 31.

Retire-

use or
public funds,

or any part of the funds, of the Teachers' and State Employees' The Retirement System except for retirement system purposes. funds for the Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System shall not be applied, diverted, loaned to or used by the State, any

State agency, State officer, public officer or employee except for purposes of the Retirement System: Provided, that nothing in this Section shall prohibit the use of said funds for the payment of benefits as authorized by the Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement Law, nor shall anything in this provision prohibit the proper investment of said funds as may be authorized by law.

ARTICLE

III

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
Section 1. Officers of the Executive Department ; terms of office. The Executive Department shall consist of a Governor, in whom shall be vested the supreme executive power of the State; a Lieutenant-Governor, a Secretary of State, an Auditor, a Treasurer, a

60

North Carolina Manual

Superintendent of Public Instruction, an Attorney General, a Commissioner of Agriculture, a Commissioner of Labor, and a Commissioner of Insurance, who shall be elected for a term of four years by the qualified electors of the State, at the same time and places and in the same manner as members of the General Assembly are elected. Their term of office shall commence on the first day alter their election, and continue until their of January next
successors
first

are

elected

elected shall

and qualified: Provided, that the officers assume the duties of their office ten days after

the

Stales,
first

approval of this Constitution by the Congress of the United and shall hold their offices four years from and after the

day

of

January.

Sec. 2. Qualifications of Governor and Lieutenant-Governor. No person shall be eligible for election to the office of Governor or Lieutenant-Governor, unless he shall have attained the age of 30 years, shall have been a citizen of the United States five years, and shall have been a resident of this State for two years next before the election; nor shall a person elected to either of these two offices be eligible for election for the next succeeding term of the same
office.

Returns of elections. The return of every election for Executive Department shall be sealed up and transmitted to the seat of government by the returning officer, directed to the Secretary of State. The return shall be canvassed and the result declared in such manner as may be prescribed by law. Contested elections shall be determined by a joint ballot of both houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.
Sec.
3.

officers of the

Sec. 4. Oath of office for Governor. The Governor, before entering upon the duties of his office, shall, in the presence of the members of both branches of the General Assembly, or before any

Supreme Court, take an oath or affirmation that he support the Constitution and laws of the United States, and of the State of North Carolina, and that he will faithfully perwill

Justice of the

form the duties appertaining to the he has been elected.
Sec.
5.

office

of Governor,

to

which

Duties of Governor. The Governor shall reside at the government of this State, and he shall, from time to time, give the General Assembly information of the affairs of the State.
seat of

Constitution

61

and recommend

to

their consideration such

measures as he shall

deem
Sec.

expedient.
6.

commutations and pardons. The Governor grant reprieves, commutations, and pardons, after conviction, for all offenses (except in cases of impeachment), upon such conditions as he may think proper, subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons. He shall biennially communicate to the General Assembly each case of reprieve, commutation, or pardon granted, stating the name of each convict, the crime for which he was convicted, the sentence and its date, the date of commuThe terms tation, pardon, or reprieve, and the reasons therefor. reprieves, commutations and pardons shall not include paroles. The General Assembly is authorized and empowered to create a Board of Paroles, provide for the appointment of the members thereof, and enact suitable laws defining the duties and authority The Govof such board to grant, revoke and terminate paroles. ernor's power of paroles shall continue until July 1, 1955, at which time said power shall cease and shall be vested in such Board of Paroles as may be created by the General Assembly.
Reprieves,
to

shall

have power

Sec.

7.

Reports

from

officers

of

the

and and

of public institutions.

The

officers of the

Executive Department Executive Department

of the public institutions of the State shall, at least five days previous to each regular session of the General Assembly, severally report to the Governor, who shall transmit such reports, with his message, to the General Assembly; and the Governor may, at any time, require information in writing from the officers in the Executive Department upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed.

Sec.

8.

Commander-in-Chief.

The Governor

shall be

Commanshall be

der-in-Chief of the militia of the State, except called into the service of the United States.
Sec.

when they

Extra sessio?is of the General Assembly. The Governor 9. have power on extraordinary occasions, by and with the advice of the Council of State, to convene the General Assembly in Extra Session by his proclamation, stating therein the purpose or purposes for which they are thus convened.
shall

62

Xoi: MI

'

(

vrolina

Maxuai

Sec,
for.

LO.

Officers

whose appointments are not otherwise provided

The Governor
of
a

consent

shall nominate, and by and with the advice and majority of the Senators-elect, appoint all officers

whose offices are established by ibis Constitution and whose appointments arc not otherwise provided for.
Sec. 11. Duties nf Die Lieutenant-Governor. The Lieutenant-Governor shall bo President of the Senate, but shall have no vote unless the Senate shall be equally divided. He shall receive such compen
sat ion as shall be fixed

by the General Assembly.

to office o] Governor. The Lieutenant-Gov become Governor upon the failure of the Governorelecl to qualify. The Lieutenant-Governor shall become Governor upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of the Governor. The further order of succession to the office of Governor shall be prescribed by law. A successor shall serve for the remainder of the term of the Governor whom be succeeds and until a new Governor is elected and qualified. During the absence of the Governor from the State, or during the physical or mental incapacity of the Governor to perform the

See.

li'.

Succession

ernor-elecl shall

duties of his office, the Lieutenant-Governor shall be Acting Governor. The further order of succession as Acting Governor shall be prescribed by law.

The Governor may. by

a

written statement
is

filed

with the Secre-

tary of State, declare that he the duties of his office, and

physically incapable of performing may thereafter in the same manner

declare that
his office.

he

is

physically capable of performing the duties of

The mental incapacity of the Governor to perform the duties of determined only by joint resolution adopted by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of each house of the General Assembly. Thereafter, the mental capacity of the Governor to perform the duties of his office shall be determined only joint
his office shall be

by

resolution adopted by a vote of a majority of each house of the General Assembly. In all

all

the

members
the

of

cases,

General

Assembly shall give the Governor such notice as it may deem proper and shall allow him an opportunity to be heard before a Joint Session of the General Assembly before it takes final action. When the General Assembly is not in Session, the Council of State, a
majority of
its

members concurring, may convene

it

in

Extra Ses-

sion for the purpose of proceeding

under this paragraph.

Constitution

63

Removal

of the

Governor from

office for

any other cause shall be

by impeachment.

Duties vf other executive officers. The respective duties Secretary of State. Auditor, Treasurer. Superintendent of Public Instruction. Attorney General. Commissioner of Agriculture. Commissioner of Labor, and Commissioner of Insurance shall be
Sec. 13.
of

the

If the office of any of these officers shall be prescribed by law. vacated by death, resignation, or otherwise, it shall be the duty of the Governor to appoint another to serve until his successor be

elected
at

and
first

qualified.

Every such vacancy
for

shall be tilled by election

General Assembly that occurs more than 30 days after the vacancy has taken place, and the person chosen shall hold the office for the remainder of the unexpired term fixed in the first Section of this Article: Provided,
the
election
of

members

the

Section and the term expires on the first January succeeding the next election (or members of the Assembly, the Governor shall appoint to fill the vacancy unexpired term of the office. Upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the office of any
this

that when named in

a

vacancy occurs

in

the office of any of the officers

day
for

of

General
the
of

one

these officers for any of the causes stated in the preceding paragraph, the Governor may appoint an acting officer to perform the duties of that office until a person is appointed or elected pursuant

Section to fill the vacancy and is qualified. During the physical or mental incapacity of any one of these officers to perform the duties of his office, as determined pursuant
to this

the provisions of this Section, the duties of his office shall be performed by an acting officer who shall be appointed by the Governor The General Assembly shall by law prescribe with respect to those officers, other than the Governor, whose offices are created by this Article, procedures for determining the physical or mental incapto

acity of

any

officer to

perform the duties of his

office,

and for

de-

termining whether an officer who has been temporarily incapacitated has sufficiently recovered his physical or mental capacity to perform
the duties of his office.

Removal

of those officers

from

office for

any

other cause shall be by impeachment.
Sec. 14. Council of State. The Secretary of State. Auditor, Treasurer, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Commissioner of Agriculture. Commissioner of Labor, and Commissioner of Insurance

64

North Carolina Manual

constitute, ex officio, the Council of State, who shall advise the Governor in the execution of his office, and three of whom shall
shall

constitute

a

quorum;

their advice

and proceedings

in this capacity

shall be entered in a journal, to be kept for this purpose, exclusively,

and signed by the members present, from any part of which any member may enter his dissent; and such journal shall be placed before the General Assembly when called for by either house. The Attorney General shall be, ex officio, the legal adviser of the Executive Department.
executive officers. The officers menat stated periods, receive for their services a compensation to be established by the General Assembly, which shall not be diminished during the time for which they shall have been elected.
Sec.
L5.

Compensation
Article

of

tioned

in

this

shall,

Seal of State. There shall be a seal of the State, which by the Governor, and used by him, as occasion may require, and shall be called "The Great Seal of the State of North Carolina". All grants and commissions shall be issued in the name
Sec. Hi.

shall he kept

and by the authority of the State of North Carolina, sealed with "The Great Seal of the State", signed by the Governor, and countersigned by the Secretary of State.
Sec. 17. Department of Agriculture, immigration and Statistics. The General Assembly shall establish a Department of Agriculture. Immigration, and Statistics, under such regulations as may best

promote the agricultural interests of the State, and shall enact laws for the adequate protection and encouragement of sheep husbandry.

Department of .hist ire. The General Assembly is authorand empowered to create a Department of Justice under the supervision and direction of the Attorney General, and to enact
Sec. IN.

ized

suitable laws defining the authority of the Attorney General and other officers and agencies concerning the prosecution of crime and the administration of the criminal laws of the State.

ARTICLE

IV

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
Section 1. Division of judicial power. The judicial power of the State shall, except as provided in Section 3 of this Article, be vested in a Court for the Trial of Impeachments and in a General Court
of Justice.

The General Assembly

shall

have no power

to

deprive

Constitution

65

the judicial department of any power or jurisdiction which rightfully pertains to it as a co-ordinate department of the government,

nor shall it establish or authorize any courts other than as permitted by this Article.

shall constitute a unified judicial

General Court of Justice. The General Court of Justice system for purposes of jurisdiction, operation, and administration; and shall consist of an appellate division, a Superior Court division, and a District Court division.
Sec.
2.

Sec. 3. Judicial powers of administrative agencies. The General Assembly may vest in administrative agencies established pursuant to law such judicial powers as may be reasonably necessary as an incident to the accomplishment of the purposes for which the agencies were created. Appeals from administrative agencies shall

be to the General Court of Justice.
Sec. 4. Court for the Trial of Impeachments. The House of Representatives solely shall have the power of impeaching. The Court, When the for the Trial of Impeachments shall be the Senate.

Governor or Lieutenant-Governor

is

impeached, the Chief Justice

shall preside over the Court. A majority of the members shall be necessary to a quorum, and no person shall be convicted without the

concurrence of two-thirds of the Senators present. Judgment upon conviction shall not extend beyond removal from and disqualification to hold office in this State, but the party shall be liable to
indictment and punishment according to law.
Sec.
5.

Appellate Division.

eral Court of Justice shall consist of the

The Appellate Division of the GenSupreme Court and, when
intermediate

established

by the General Assembly, an
Court.

Court

of

Appeals.
Sec.
(1)
6.

Supreme

Membership.

The Supreme Court

shall

consist of a

Chief

Justice and six Associate Justices, but the General Assembly may increase the number of Associate Justices to not more than eight. In the event the Chief Justice is unable, on account of absence or
to perform any of the duties placed upon him, the senior Associate Justice available is authorized to discharge such duties. The General Assembly may provide for the retirement of members of the Supreme Court and for the recall of such retired members to serve on that Court in lieu of any active member thereof

temporary incapacity,

who

is,

for

any cause, temporarily incapacitated.

i;i;

Nm;iii Carolina

Mantai

(2) Sessions of the Supreme Court. The sessions of the Supreme Court shall he held in the City of Raleigh unless otherwise provided by the General Assembly.

See

6A.

Court
of

of

composition

the

determined by the less than five members, and may be authorized to sit in divisions, or other than en banc. Sessions of the Court shall be held at such The limes and places as the General Assembly may prescribe. Genera] Assembly may provide for the retirement of members of he Court oi Appeals and for the recall of such retired members
i

Appeals. The structure, organization, and Court of Appeals, if established, shall be General Assembly. The Court shall have not

to serve

tor

on that Court in lieu of any active member thereof who any cause, temporarily incapacitated
7.

is.

Sec.

Superior Courts.

ill

Superior Court districts.

time to time, divide the State into

The General Assembly a convenient number

shall,

from

of Superior

Court judicial districts and shall provide for the election of one or more Superior Court Judges for each district. Each regular Superior Court Judge shall reside in the district for which he is elected. The General Assembly may provide by general law for the selection or appointment of special or emergency Superior Court Judges not
selected for a particular judicial district.
i'2)

Open

at
lie

all

times;
at all

sessions for trial of cases.

The Superior
all

Courts shall

open

times for the transaction of

business

except the trial of issues of fact requiring a jury. Regular trial sessions of the Superior Court shall be held at times fixed pursuant
to a

two sessions for the
each county.
i

calendar of courts promulgated by the Supreme Court. At least trial of jury cases shall be held annually in

•".

i

Clerks.

A

Clerk of the Superior Court for each county shall

he elected for a term of four years by the qualified voters thereof. at the time and in the manner prescribed by law for the election of

members of the General Assembly. If the office of Clerk of the Superior Court becomes vacant otherwise than by the expiration if the term, or if the people fail to elect, the senior regular resident Judge of the Superior Court serving the county shall appoint to fill the vacancy until an election can be regularly held.
Sec.
s.

District Courts.

The General Assemblv

shall,

from time

CONSTITUTION
to

67

districts

time, divide the State into a convenient number of local court and shall prescribe where the District Courts shall sit;

must sit in at least one place in each county. Judges shall be elected for each district for a term of four years, in a manner provided by law. When more than one District Judge is authorized and elected for a district, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall designate one of the judges as Chief Disbut a District Court
District

Every District Judge shall reside in the district for For each county, the senior regular resident Judge of the Superior Court serving the county shall appoint for a term of two years, from nominations submitted by the Clerk of the Superior Court of the county, one or more Magistrates who
trict

Judge.

which he

is

elected.

shall

be

officers

of

the

District
shall,

Court.

The number

of

District

Judges and Magistrates the General Assembly.
shall be rilled,

from time to time, be determined by Vacancies in the office of District Judge for the unexpired term, in a manner provided by law.

pired term, in the
office.

Vacancies in the office of Magistrate shall be rilled, for the unexmanner provided for original appointment to the

Sec.

9.

Assignment

of Judges.

The Chief Justice

of the

Supreme

Court, acting in accordance with rules of the Supreme Court, shall make assignments of Judges of the Superior Court and may
transfer District Judges from one district to another for temporary
or specialized duty.

among

The principle of rotating Superior Court Judges the various districts of a division is a salutary one and shall be observed. For this purpose the General Assembly may divide

the State into a number of judicial divisions. Subject, to the general supervision of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, assignment of District Judges within each local court district shall be mad< by the Chief District Judge.
Sec. 10.
(

Jurisdiction of the General Court of Justice.

1 Supreme Court. The Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction review upon appeal any decision of the courts below, upon any matter of law or legal inference. The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court over "issues of fact" and "questions of fact" shall be the same exercised by it prior to the adoption of this Article, and the Court shall have the power to issue any remedial writs necessary to giv< it a general supervision and control over the proceedings of th< other courts. The Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction
I

to

68

North Carolina Manual

hear claims against the State, but its decisions shall be merely in the nature of execution shall issue thereon; the decisions shall be reported to the next Session of the General Assembly for its action.
to

recommendatory; no process

(2) Court of Appeals. shall have such appellate

The Court
jurisdiction

of

as

Appeals, if established, the General Assembly

may
(

provide.
)

Superior Court. Except as otherwise provided by the GenAssembly, the Superior Court shall have original general The Clerks of the Superior jurisdiction throughout the State. Court shall have such jurisdiction and powers as the General Assembly shall provide by general law uniformly applicable in every county of the State.
M

eral

1

4

)

District

Courts;

Magistrates.
jurisdiction

The General Assembly
in

shall,

by general law uniformly applicable
the
State,

every local court district of

prescribe

the

and powers

of

the District

Courts and Magistrates.
(5) Waiver. The General Assembly that the jurisdictional limits may be

may by general law provide waived in civil cases.

(6) Appeals. The General Assembly shall, by general law, provide a proper system of appeals: Provided, that appeals from Magistrates shall be heard de novo, with the right of trial by jury as

defined in this Constitution and the laws of this State.
Sec. 11.
(.1)

Forms

of art ion; rules of procedure.

There shall be in this State but one form enforcement or protection of private rights or the redress of private wrongs, which shall be denominated a civil action, and in which there shall be a right to have issues of fact
of action.
of action for the

Forms

tried before a jury. Every action prosecuted by the people of the State as a party against a person charged with a public offense, for

the punishment of the same, shall be termed a criminal action.

Rules of procedure. The Supreme Court shall have exclusive make rules of procedure and practice for the appellate division. The General Assembly shall have authority to make rules
(

i'

)

authority to

of procedure

divisions,

and practice for the Superior Court and District Court and the General Assembly may delegate this authority to the Supreme Court. No rule of procedure or practice shall abridge
substantive rights or abrogate or limit the right of trial by jury. If the General Assembly should delegate to the Supreme Court the

Constitution

69

rule-making power, the General Assembly may, nevertheless, alter, amend, or repeal any rule of procedure or practice adopted by the Supreme Court for the Superior Court or District Court divisions.
joined in any the right to have the same determined by a jury; in which case the finding of the judge upon the facts shall have the force and effect of a verdict by a jury.
Sec. 12.

Waiver

of jury trial.

In

all issues of fact

court, the parties in

any

civil case

may waive

Sec.
for

13.

Administration.

The General Assembly

an administrative

office of the courts to

shall provide carry out the provisions

of this Article.

Sec. 14.

Terms

of office

and

election of Justices of the

Supreme

Court, Judges of the Court of Appeals, and Judges of the Superior Justices of the Supreme Court, Judges of the Court of Court.

Appeals, and regular judges of the Superior Court shall be elected by the qualified voters and shall hold office for terms of eight years and until their successors are elected and qualified. Justices of the Supreme Court and judges of the Court of Appeals shall be
elected by the qualified voters of the State. Regular Judges of the Superior Court may be elected by the qualified voters of the State

or by the voters of their respective districts, as the General As-

sembly

may

provide.
of judges

Sec. 15.

Removal
of

and

clerks.

Supreme Court, Judges of the Court of (1) Justices Any Justice of the SuAppeals, and Judges of Superior Court. preme Court, Judge of the Court of Appeals, or Judge of the Superior Court may be removed from office for mental or physical incapacity by Joint Resolution of two-thirds of both houses of the General Assembly. Any Justice or Judge against whom the General Assembly may be about to proceed shall receive notice
the
thereof, accompanied by a copy of the causes alleged for his removal, at least twenty days before the day on which either house Removal from office of the General Assembly shall act. thereon. for any other cause shall be by impeachment.
(2) District Judges and Magistrates. The General Assembly shall provide by general law for the removal of District Judges and Magistrates for misconduct or mental or physical incapacity.

(3)

Clerks.

Any

Clerk of the Superior Court

may

be removed

70

Xi'i; "i

ii

C

\i<i'i

i

\A

Mani

at.

from office for misconduct or mental or physical incapacity by the senior regular resident Superior Court Judge serving the county. Any Clerk against whom proceedings are instituted shall receive written notice of the charges against him at least ten days before
Clerks of District Courts shall be such manner as the General Assembly may provide by general law. Any Clerk so removed from office shall be entitled to an appeal as provided by law.
the hearing upon the charges.

removed

for such causes

and

in

Sec. Hi.
i

Solicitors

and

solidtori/il districts.
to

The General Assembly shall, trout time divide the State into a convenient number of solicitorial
1
i

Solicitors.

time,

districts,

each of which a Solicitor shall be chosen for a term of four years by the qualified voters thereof, as is prescribed for members of the General Assembly. When the Attorney General determines
for

that there that

is

serious imbalance

in

the

work loads
shall

of the Solicitors or
to

there

is

other good cause, he shall

recommend redisricting

advise the officers of justice in his district, be responsible for the prosecution on behalf of the State of all criminal actions in the Superior Courts of his district, perform such duties related to appeals therefrom as the
the

General

Assembly.

The

Solicitor

Attorney General Genera] Assembly
(

may require, and perform such may prescribe.
in

other duties as the

l'

)

Prosecution

District

Court

division.

Criminal actions

in

the District Court division shall be prosecuted in such

manner

as the

Genera] Assembly may prescribe by general law uniformly applicable in every local court district of the State.
17. Vacancies. Unless otherwise provided in this Article, vacancies occurring in the offices provided for by this Article shall be filled by appointment of the Governor, and the appointees shall hold their places until the next election for members of the

Sec.

all

General

Assembly that is held more than thirty days after such vacancy occurs, when elections shall be held to till such offices: Provided, that when the unexpired term of any of the offices named in this Article of the ('(institution in which such vacancy has occurred, and in which it is herein provided that the Governor -hall till

election for

the vacancy, expires on the first day of .January succeeding the next members of the General Assembly, the Governor shall
to
fill

appoint
If

that

any person elected

vacancy for the unexpired term of the office. or appointed to any of said offices shall neglect

Constitution

71

and fail to qualify, such office shall be appointed to, held, and tilled as provided in case of vacancies occurring therein. All incumbents of said offices shall hold until their successors are qualified.
Sec. 18. Revenues and expenses of the judicial department. The General Assembly shall provide for the establishment of a schedule of court fees and costs which shall be uniform throughout the State within each division of the General Court of Justice. The operating expenses of the judicial department, other than compensation to process servers and other locally paid non-judicial officers, shall be

paid from State funds.
Sec. 19.

shall prescribe
all officers

Fees, salaries, and emoluments. The General Assembly and regulate the fees, salaries, and emoluments of

provided for in this Article; but the salaries of judges diminished during their continuance in office. In no rase shall the campensation of any Judge or Magistrate be dependent
shall not be

upon his decision or upon the collection

of costs.

Sec. 20. Effect of uniform general law requirement. Where the General Assembly is required by the provisions of this Article to enact only general laws uniformly applicable throughout the State or in every county or local court district thereof, no special, publiclocal, or private law shall be enacted relating to the subject-matter

those provisions, and every amendment or repeal of any law relating to such subject-matter shall also be general and uniform in its application and effect throughout the State.
of

Schedule, immediately upon the certification by the Sec. 21. Governor to the Secretary of State of the amendments constituting this Article, the Supreme Court and the Superior Courts shall be incorporated within the General Court of Justice, as provided in All Justices of the Supreme Court and Judges of the this Article. Superior Court shall continue to serve as such within the General Court of Justice for the remainder of their respective terms.

The statutes and rules governing procedure and practice in the Superior Courts and inferior courts, in force at the time the amendments constituting this Article are ratified by the people, shall continue in force until superseded or repealed by rules of procedure and practice adopted pursuant to Section 11(2) of this Article. Upon certification of the Governor to the Secretary of State of the amendments constituting this Article, the General Assembly shall

72

North Carolina Manuai

court

proceed as rapidly as practicable, to provide for the creation of local districts and the establishment of District Courts therein: District Courts shall be established to serve every county of the State by nol later than January 1, 1971. As of January 1, 1971, all

previously existing courts inferior to the Superior Court shall cease tn exist, and cases pending in these courts shall be transferred as provided in the next succeeding paragraph of this Section. Until a District Court has been thus established to serve a county, all of the courts of that county, including the Superior Court, shall continue to be financed and the revenues of these courts shall continue

amendments

paid as they were immediately prior to the certification of the constituting this Article; and the laws and rules governing these courts and appeals from the inferior courts to the
to be

Superior Court shall continue in force and shall be deemed to comply with the provisions of this Article. As soon as a District Court shall have been established for a county, all of the provisions of this Article shall become fully effective with respect to the courts in that county, and all previously existing courts inferior to the Superior Court shall cease to exist. All cases pending in these inferior courts shall be transferred to the
appropriate division of the General Court of Justice, and all records of these courts shall be transferred to the appropriate Clerk's office pursuant to rule of the Supreme Court. Judges of these inferior
courts, except Mayor's Courts

become

District

and Justice of the Peace Courts, shall Judges and shall serve as such for remainders of

their respective terms. As soon as a District Court has been established to serve every county of the State, all of the provisions of this Article shall become
fully effective

throughout the State.

ARTICLE Y
REVENUE AND TAXAJ
Section
1.

tOK

may
not

levy a

Capitation The General Assembly exemptions. capitation tax on every male inhabitant of the State
tax;

over twenty-one and under fifty years of age, which said tax shall exceed two dollars ($2.00), and cities and towns may levy a capitation tax which shall not exceed one dollar ($1.00 i. No other capitation tax shall be levied. The commissioners of the several counties and of the cities and towns may exempt from the
capi-

tation tax any special cases on account of poverty or infirmity

Constitution
Sec.
tax.
2.

73

Application

of proceeds

The proceeds

of the State

applied to the purposes of but in no one year shall thereof be appropriated for the latter purpose.
Sec.
3.

of State and county capitation and county capitation tax shall be education and the support of the poor, more than twenty-five per cent (25%)

State taxation. The power of taxation shall be exercised and equitable manner, for public purposes only, and shall never be surrendered, suspended, or contracted away. Only the General Assembly shall have the power to classify property and other subjects for taxation, which power shall be exercised only on a Statewide basis. No class or subject shall be taxed except by a uniform rule, and every classification shall be uniformly applicable in every county, municipality, and other local taxing unit of the State. The General Assembly's power to classify shall not be delegated, except that the General Assembly may permit the governing boards of counties, cities, and towns to classify trades and professions for local license tax purposes. The General Assembly may also tax trades, professions, franchises, and income: Provided, the rate of tax on income shall not in any case exceed ten per cent (10%), and
in a just

following exemptions, to be deducted annual incomes, to-wit: for a married man with a wife living with him. or to a widow or widower having minor child or children, natural or adopted, not less than two thousand dollars ($2,000.00): to all other persons not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), and there may be allowed other deductions (not including living expenses) so that only net incomes

there shall be allowed the
of

from the amount

are taxed
Sec. 4. Limitations upon the increase of public debts. The General Assembly shall have the power to contract debts and to pledge the faith and credit of the State and to authorize counties

and municipalities
credit
for

the
;

existing debt

contract debts and pledge their faith and purposes: To fund or refund a valid to borrow in anticipation of the collection of taxes
to

following

due and payable within the fiscal year to an amount not exceeding fifty per centum of such taxes; to supply a casual deficit; to supFor any purpress riots or insurrections, or to repel invasions. pose other than these enumerated, the General Assembly shall have no power, during any biennium. to contract new debts on behalf of the State to an amount in excess of two-thirds of the

74

North Carolina Manual

State's outstanding indebtedness shall have been reduced during the next preceding biennium, unless the subject be submitted to a vote of the people of the State; and for any purpose other than these enumerated the General Assembly shall have no power to authorize counties or municipalities to contract debts, and counties and municipalities shall not contract debts, during any fiscal year, to an amount exceeding two-thirds of the

amount by which the

amounl by which the outstanding indebtedness of the particular county or municipality shall have been reduced during the next
of

preceding fiscal year, unless the subject be submitted to a vote In any the people of the particular county or municipality. election held in the State or in any county or municipality under the provisions of this Section, the proposed indebtedness must be approved by a majority of those who shall vote thereon. And the General Assembly shall have no power to give or lend the credit

of the State in aid of
to aid

any person, association, or corporation except completion of such railroads as may be unfinished at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, or in which the State lias a direct pecuniary interest, unless the subject be submitted to a direct vote of the people of the State, and be approved by a majority of those who shall vote thereon.
in the

Property exempt from taxation. Property belonging to the counties and municipal corporations shall be exempt from taxation. The General Assembly may exempt cemeteries and property held for educational, scientific, literary, cultural, charitable.
Sec.
5.

State,

or religious purposes, and, to a value not exceeding Three hundred dollars ($300.00), any personal property. The General Assembly may exempt from taxation not exceeeding one thousand dollars
($1,000.00) in value of property held and used as the place of residence of the owner. Every exemption shall be on a State-wide basis and shall be uniformly applicable in every county, municipality, and other local taxing unit of the State. No taxing authority other than the General Assembly may grant exemptions, and the General Assembly shall not delegate the powers accorded to it by this

Section.
Sec. Taxes levied for counties. The total of the State and county tax on property shall not exceed twenty cents i20c) on the one hundred dollars ($100.00) value of property, except when
ti.

the county property tax

is

levied for a special purpose and with

Constitution

75

the special approval of the General Assembly, which may be done by special or general act: Provided, this limitation shall not apply to taxes levied for the maintenance of the public schools of the
stitution:

State for the term required by Article IX, Section 3, of the ConProvided, further, the State tax shall not exceed five

cents (5ci on the one hundred dollars ($100.00) value of property.

Acts levying taxes shall state objects, etc. Every act of Assembly levying a tax shall state the special object to which ir is to be applied, and it shall be applied to no other
Sec.
7.

the General

purpose.

ARTICLE VI
SUFFRAGE AND ELIGIBILITY TO OFFICE
] Who may vote. Every person born in the United and every person who has been naturalized, twenty-one years of age. and possessing the qualifications set out in this Article, shall be entitled to vote at any election by the people of the State,

Section.

.

States,

except as herein otherwise provided.
Sec.
2.

sided

in

Any person who shall have reQualifications of voter. the State of North Carolina for one year, and in the

precinct, ward or other election district in which such person offers to vote for thirty days next preceding an election, and possessing the other qualifications set out in this Article, shall be entitled to

vote at any election held in this State; provided, that removal from one precinct, ward or other election district to another in this

State shall not operate to deprive any person of the right to vote in the precinct, ward or other election district from which such No person has removed until thirty days after such removal.

person who has been convicted, or who has confessed his guilt in open court upon indictment, of any crime the punishment of which now is, or may hereafter be, imprisonment in the State's Prison, shall be permitted to vote unless the said person shall be first restored to citizenship in the manner prescribed by law. The General Assembly may, however, reduce the time of residence,
preceding a Presidential Election, for a person possessing all other qualifications of a voter, in which such person shall be entitled to vote for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States only. Any person eligible to vote for electors for President and Vice President of the United States by reason of a

7t»

North Carolina Manual

reduction in time of residence shall not thereby become eligible to hold office in this State.

Sec 3. Voters to be registered. Every person offering to vote shall be at the time a legally registered voter as herein prescribed,
and
to in

the
of

manner hereafter provided by

Assemblj

law. and the General North Carolina shall enact general registration laws

cany
Sec.
4.

into effect the provisions of this Article.

Qualification tor registration. Every person presenting himself for registration shall be able to read and write any section of the Constitution in the English language. But no male person who was. on January 1, 1867, or at any time prior thereto, entitled to vote under the laws of any State in the United States wmerein

he then resided, and no lineal descendent of any such person, shall be denied the right to register and vote at any election in this State by reason of his failure to possess the educational qualifications herein prescribed: Provided, he shall have registered in accordance with the terms of this Section prior to December 1. 1908.

The General Assembly

shall provide for the registration of all persons entitled to vote without the educational qualifications herein prescribed, and shall, on or before November 1, 1908. provide for the making of a permanent record of such registration,

registered shall forever thereafter have the elections by the people in this State, unless disqualified under Section 2 of this Article.
all

and

persons

so

right to vote in all

Indivisible plan; legislative intent. That this amendment Constitution is presented and adopted as one indivisible plan for the regulation of the suffrage, with the intent and purpose to so connect the different parts, and make them so dependSec.
5.

to

the

ent

upon each other, that the whole
6.

shall stand or fall together.

Elections by people and (General Assembly. All elections by the people shall be by ballot, and all elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce.
Sec. Sec.
7.

Eligibility to offiee; official oath.

Every voter

in

North

Carolina except as in this Article disqualified, shall be eligible to office, but before entering upon the duties of the office, he shall take and subscribe the following oath:
"I»

will support

do solemnly swear tor affirm) that I and maintain the Constitution and laws of the United
,

Constitution

77

States, and the Constitution and laws of North Carolina not inconsistent therewith, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of my office as .... So help me, God."

Sec. 8. Disqualification for office. The following classes of persons shall be disqualified for office: First, all persons who shall deny the being of Almighty God. Second, all persons who shall have been convicted or confessed their guilt on indictment pend-

and whether sentenced or not, or under judgment suspended, any treason or felony, or of any other crime for which the punishment may be imprisonment in the penitentiary, since becoming citizens of the United States, or of corruption or maling,

of

practice in office, unless such person shall be restored to the rights of citizenship in a manner prescribed by law.
Sec.
9.

When

this

chapter ope rat ire.

That

this

amendment

to

the Constitution shall go into effect on the first day of July, nineteen hundred and two, if a majority of votes cast at the next general
election shall be cast in favor of this suffrage

amendment.

ARTICLE
U

VII

UNICIPAL CORPORATIONS
In each county there shall be elected

Section

1.

County

officers.

biennially by the qualified voters thereof, as provided for the election of members of the General Assembly, the following officers:

A

treasurer, register of deeds, surveyor, and five commissioners. (Under authority of the Public Laws of 1935, c. 362, s. 1, provision was made for the quadrennial election of registers of deeds,

certain counties being exempted.)
2. Duty of county commissioners. It shall be the duty of commissioners to exercise a general supervision and control of the penal and charitable institutions, schools, roads, bridges, levying of taxes, and finances of the county, as may be prescribed by law. The register of deeds shall be ex officio clerk of the board of commissioners.

Sec.

the

of the

divided into districts. It shall be the duty elected in each county to divide the same into convenient districts, to determine the boundaries and prescribe
Sec.
3.

Counties

to be

commissioners

first

78

North Carolina Manual

the

name

of the said districts,
first

and
of

to report

t

lie

same

10

the General

Assembly before the
Sec
«)l
I.

day

January. 1869.

Townships have corporate powers.
provided lor
in

Upon

the approval

Lhe

reports

the foregoing section by the Gen-

Assembly, the said districts shall have corporate powers for necessary purposes of local government, and shall be known as townships.
eral

the

In each county a Sheriff shall be elected by the Sec. Sheriffs. qualified voters thereof as is prescribed for members of the General Assembly, and shall hold his office for a period of four years. In
•",.

case of a vacancy existing for any cause in any Sheriff's office, the governing authority of the county shall fill such vacancy by appoint-

ment for the unexpired term.

Xo debt or loan except by a majority of voters. No Sec. (3. county, city. town, or other municipal corporation shall contract any debt, pledge its faith or loan its credit, nor shall any tax be
levied or collected by any officers of the same except for the necessaryexpenses thereof, unless approved by a majority of those who shall vote thereon in any election held for such purpose.
Sec. 7. No money drawn except by lair. No money shall be drawn from any county or township treasury, except by authority
of

with the provisions of this Constitution.
ft. Debts in aid of the rebellion not to be paid. No county, town, or other municipal corporation shall assume or pay. nor shall any tax be levied or collected for the payment of any debt, or the interest upon any debt, contracted directly or indirectly

Sec

city.

in aid or

support of the rebellion.

Powers of General Assembly over municipal corporations The General Assembly shall have full power by statute to modify,
Sec. 10.

change, or abrogate any and all of the provisions of this Article. and substitute others in their place, except Sections 5. 6. 7. and 9.

Constitution

79

ARTICLE
Section
be

VI 11

CORPORATIONS OTFrER THAN MUNICIPAL

No corporation Corporations under general laws. nor shall its charter be extended, altered, or amended by special act. except corporations for charitable, educa tional. penal, or reformatory purposes that are to be and remain under the patronage and control of the State; but the General Assembly shall provide by general laws for the chartering and
1

shall

created,

organization of

for amending, extending, and those above permitted by special All such general laws and special acts may be altered from act. time to time or repealed: and the General Assembly may at any time by special act repeal the charter of any corporation.
all corporations, forfeiture of all charters, except

and

Sec.

2.

tions shall be secured
tions,

Debts of corporation*, horn .secured. Dues from corporaby such individual liabilities of the corpora-

and other means, as may be prescribed by law.

What corporations shall include. The term "corporation" Sec. 3. as used in this Article, shall be construed to include all associations and joint-stock companies having any of the powers and
corporations not possessed by individuals or partall corporations shall have the right to sue, and nerships. shall be subject to be sued, in all courts, in like cases as natural
privileges
of

And

persons.
Sec.
It
4.

Legislature

to

provide for organizing

cities,

towns,

etc.

shall be the duty of the Legislature to provide by general laws for the organization of cities, towns, and incorporated villages,

and to restrict their power of taxation, assessment, borrowing money, contracting debts, and loaning their credit, so as to prevent abuses in assessment and in contracting debts by such municipal
corporations

ARTICLE

IX

KIH'CATION
Religion, morality, Education shall he encouraged. Section 1. and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happi uess of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged

SO

\<>ii

i

ii

Caw)1

in a

Mam

\i

General Assembly shall provide for schools; separation The General Assembly, at its tirst session under this Constitution, shall provide by taxation and otherwise for a general and uniform system of public schools, wherein tuition shall be tree of charge to all the children of the State between the ages of six and twenty-one years. And the children of the white race and
Sec.
2.

ni

the races.

schools; but

the children of the colored race shall be taught in separate public there shall be no discrimination in favor of, or to the

prejudice

of.

either race.
to

Each county of the convenient number of districts, in which one or more public schools shall be maintained at least six months in every year; and if the commissioners of any county shall fail to comply with the aforesaid requirements of this Secion. they shall be liable to indictment.
:;.

Sec

enmities
be

he divided into districts.
into
a

Stale

shall

divided

i

Sec. 4. What property derated to educational purposes. The proceeds of all lands that have been or hereafter may be granted by the Tinted States to this State, and not otherwise appropriated

by this State or the United States; also

all

and other property now belonging
of

to

any State fund

moneys, stocks, bonds, for purposes

education; also the net proceeds of all sales of the swamp lands belonging to the State, and all other grants, gifts or devices that have been or hereafter may be made to the State, and not otherwise appropriated by the State, or by the terms of the grant, gift or devise, shall be paid into the State Treasury, and. together with so much of the ordinary revenue of the State as may be by law set apart for that purpose, shall be faithfully appropriated for
establishing and maintaining in this State a system of free public schools, and for no other uses or purposes whatsoever.
Sec. 5. ('mint school fund: proviso. All moneys, stocks, bonds, and other property belonging to a county school fund: also the net proceeds from the sale of estrays; also the clear proceeds of all penalties and forfeitures and of all tines collected in the several
ii

counties for any breach of the penal or military laws of the State; and all moneys which shall be paid by persons as an equivalent for

exemption from military duty shall belong
several
counties,

to

and remain

in

the

be faithfully appropriated for establishing and maintaining free public schools in the several counshall

and

Constitution

gl

ties of this State: Provided, that the amount collected in each county shall be annually reported to the Superintendent of Public

Instruction.

the

Election of trustees, and provisions for maintenance, of 6. The General Assembly shall have power to proUniversity. vide for the election of trustees of the University of North Carolina, in whom, when chosen, shall be vested all the privileges,
Sec.

and endowments thereof in any wise granted to upon the trustees of said University; and the General Assembly may make such provisions, laws, and regulations from time to time, as may be necessary and expedient for the maintenance and management of said University.
rights, franchises

or conferred

The General Assembly shall Sec. 7. Benefits of the University. provide that the benefits of the University, as far as practicable, be extended to the youth of the State free of expense for tuition;
property which has heretofore accrued to the from escheats, unclaimed dividends, or distributive shares of the estates of deceased persons, shall be appropriated to the use of the University.
also,

that

all

the

State, or shall hereafter accrue,

State Board of Education. The general supervision and Sec. 8. administration of the free public school system, and of the educational funds provided for the support thereof, except those mentioned in Section five of this Article, shall, from and after the first day of April, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five,
be vested in the State Board of Education to consist of the Lieu-

Public State Treasurer, the Superintendent of and ten members to be appointed by the Governor, subject to confirmation by the General Assembly in Joint Session. The General Assembly shall divide the State into eight educational districts, which may be altered from time to time by the General Assembly. Of the appointive members of the State Board of Education, one shall be appointed from each of the eight educational districts, and two shall be appointed as members at large. The first appointments under this Section shall be: Two members appointed from educational districts for terms of two years; two members appointed from educational districts for terms of four years; two members appointed from educational districts for terms of six years; and two members appointed from educational districts for terms of eight years. One member at large shall be appointed

tenant-Governor,
Instruction,

V-

North Carolina Manual

for a period of lour years and one member at large shall be appointed lor a period of eight years. All subsequent appointments shall be for terms of eighl years. Any appointments to fill vacancies shall be

made by
Public

appointments
intendent
if

shall not he subject to confirmation.

of

the Governor for the unexpired term, which The State SuperInstruction shall be the administrative head

the public school
shall
elect

The Board
of the

system and shall be secretary of the Board. a chairman and vice-chairman. A majority

Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of busiiter diem and expenses of the appointive members shall he provided by the General Assembly.
ng
s.

The

Sec. Poiios and duties of the Board. The State Board of Education shall succeed to all the powers and trusts of the President and Directors of The Literary Fund of North Carolina and the State Board of Education as heretofore constituted. The State Board of Education shall have power to divide the State into a convenient number of school districts; to regulate the grade, salary and qualifications of teachers, to provide for the selection and adoption of the textbooks to be used in the public schools; to apportion and equalize the public school funds over the State; and generally to supervise and administer the free public school
«).

all needful rules and regulations powers enumerated in this Section shall be exercised in conformity with this Constitution and subject to such laws as may be enacted from time to time by the General Assembly.

system of the State and to make
All the

in relation thereto.

10 Agricultural department. As soon as practicable after adoption of this Constitution, the General Assembly shall establish and maintain, in connection with the University, a department of agriculture, of mechanics, of mining, and of normal
Sec.

the

instruction.
Sec. 11. Children must attend school The General Assembly is hereby empowered to enact that every child, of sufficient mental and physical ability, shall attend the public schools during the period between the ages of six and eighteen years, for a term of not less than sixteen months, unless educated by other means.
Sec. 12. Education expense grants and local option. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution, the General

Constitution

33

Assembly may provide for payment of education expense grants from any State or local public funds for the private education of any child for whom no public school is available or for the private
education of a child

who

is

assigned against the wishes of his

parent, or the person having control of such child, to a public school attended by a child of another race. A grant shall be available only for education in a nonsectarian school, and in the case
of a child assigned to a public school attended
race, a

by a child of another grant shall, in addition, be available only when it is not reasonable and practicable to reassign such child to a public school not attended by a child of another race.
General Assembly

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution, the may provide for a uniform system of local option whereby any local option unit, as defined by the General Assembly,

choose by a majority vote of the qualified voters in the unit to suspend or to authorize the suspension of the operation of one or more or all of the public schools in that

may

who vote on the question

unit.

No
in

any manner

action taken pursuant to the authority of this Section shall affect the obligation of the State or any political

or agency thereof heretofore or hereafter created.

subdivision

with

respect

to

any

indebtedness

ARTICLE N
HOMESTEADS AND EXEMPTIONS
Section 1. Exemptions of personal property. The personal prop erty of any resident of this State, to the value of five hundred dollars (,$500.00), to be selected by such resident, shall be and is hereby exempted from sale under execution or other final process
of

any

court, issued for the collection of

any

debt.

Homestead. Every homestead, and the dwellings and Sec. 2. buildings used therewith, not exceeding in value one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), to be selected by the owner thereof, or in lieu thereof, at the option of the owner, any lot in a city, town or village with the dwellings and buildings used thereon, owned and occupied by any resident of this State, and not exceeding the value of one thousand dollars ($1,000.00), shall be exempt from sale under execution or other final process obtained on any debt. But

M

North Carolina Mancai

of obligations contracted for the

mi property shall be exempt from sale for taxes, or for payment purchase of said premises.
Sec.

the death of the
of

Homestead exemption from debt. The homestead, after owner thereof, shall be exempt from the payment any debt during the minority of his children, or any of them.
::.

Sec.

1.

Laborer's

lien.

of this Article shall lien

The provisions of Sections one and two not be so construed as to prevent a laborer's

for

work done and performed
a

exemption, or
Sec.
.").

for the person claiming such mechanic's lien for work done on the premises.

Benefit

of

widow.

If

the owner of a

homestead

die.

leaving a widow but no children, the same shall be exempt from the debts of her husband, and the rents and profits thereof shall
of a

inure to her benefit during her widowhood, unless she be the owner homestead in her own right.

Sec. 6. Property of married women secured to them. The real and personal property of any female in this State acquired before marriage, and all property, real and personal, to which she may, after marriage, become in any manner entitled, shall be and remain the sole and separate estate and property of such female, and shall

be liable for any debts, obligations or engagements of her husband, and may be devised and bequeathed and conveyed by her subject to such regulations and limitations as the General Assembly may prescribe. Every married woman may exercise powers of attorney conferred upon her by her husband, including the power to execute and acknowledge deeds to property owned by herself and her husband or by her husband.
not

children.

Husband may insure Jiis life for the benefit of wife and The husband may insure his own life for the sole use and benefit of his wife and children, and in case of the death of the husband the amount thus insured shall be paid over to the
S.c.
7.

if under age. for her or claims of the representatives of her husband, or any of his creditors. And the policy shall not be subject to claims of creditors of the insured during the life of the insured, if the insurance issued is for the sole use and benefit of the wife and/or children.

wife and
their

children,
use.

or

to

the guardian,

own

free

from

all

Sec

8,

How

deed

for

homestead may be made.

Nothing con-

Constitution

8">

tained in the foregoing Sections of this Article shall operate to prevent the owner of a homestead from disposing of the same by deed; but no deed made by the owner of a homestead shall be
valid without the signature

punishments only shall be known to the laws of this State, viz.: death, imprisonment with or without hard labor, fines, removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under this State. The foregoing provision for imprisonment with hard labor shall be construed to authorize the employment of such convict labor on public works or highways, or other labor for public benefit, and the farming out thereof, where and in such manner as may be provided by law; but no convict shall be farmed out who has been sentenced on a charge of murder, manslaughter, rape, attempt to commit rape, or arson: Provided, that no convict whose labor may be farmed

by

out shall be punished for any failure of duty as a laborer, except a responsible officer of the State; but the convicts so farmed
out
shall

be

at

their

government and

times under the supervision and control, as to discipline, of the penitentiary board or some

officer of this State.

Sec. 2. Death punishment. The object of punishments being not only to satisfy justice, but also to reform the offender, and thus prevent crime, murder, arson, burglary, and rape, and these only, may be punishable with death if the General Assembly shall so

enact.
Sec.
3.

Penitentiary.

The General Assembly

shall,

at

its

first

provision for the erection and conduct of a State's prison or penitentiary at some central and accessible point within the State.

meeting,

make

Sec.

4.

Houses

ul

correction.

The General Assembly may

pro-

vide for the erection of houses of correction, where vagrants and persons guilty of misdemeanors shall be restrained and usefully

employed.
Sec,
5.

Houses

ol

refuae.

A house or houses

of

refuge

may

b<

m;

Xm; in Carolina M

\

\r ai.
the

whenever the public interests may require correction and instruction of other classes of offenders
established
Sec.
6.

it.

for

The sexes arc
legislation,

to

be separated.

It

shall

lie

required, by

competent

and superintendence of penal institutions of the State, the county jails, and city police prisons secure the health and comfort of the prisoners and that male and female prisoners be never confined in the same room or
thai

the

structure

cell.

Sec. 7. Provision for the poor ami orphans. Beneficent provisions for the poor, the unfortunate and orphan, being one of the first duties of a civilized and Christian slate, the General Assem-

bly shall, at its first Session, appoint and define the duties of a Hoard of Public Charities, to whom shall be entrusted the supervision of all charitable

annually report
gestions for their
Sec.

to

and penal State Governor upon improvement.
the

institutions,

and who

shall

their

condition,

with sug-

8. Orphan houses. There shall also, as soon as practicable, measures devised by the State for the establishment of one or more orphan houses, where destitute orphans may lie cared for, educated, and taught some business or trade.

be

Sec.
lature,

9.

Inebriates and idiots.
to

It

as soon as practicable, of idiots and inebriates.
Sec. 10.

devise

shall be the duty of the legismeans for The education

The General Assembly Deaf-mutes, blind, and insane. that the indigent deaf-mute, blind, and insane of the State shall be cared for at the charge of the State.

may approve
Sec.

11. It shall be steadily kept in view by Self-supporting. Legislature and the Board of Public Charities that all penal and charitable institutions should be made as nearly self-support ina

the

is

is

consistent with the purposes of rheir creation.

ARTICLE
\ijj

XII
v

u

j

Section
citizens

1.

Who
the

are liable to militia duty.
of

All able-bodied

male

of

State

North

shall

twenty-one and forty years, who be liable to duty in the militia:

Carolina, between the ages of are citizens of the United States,

Provided, that

all

persons

CONSTITUTION

87

be

who may be averse to bearing arms, from exempt therefrom.
Sec.
2.

religious scruples, shall

Organizing,

etc.

The General Assembly

shall provide for

the organizing, arming, equipping, and discipline of the militia, for paying the same, when called into active service.

and

Sec. 3. Governor commander-in-chief. The Governor -hall be commander-in-chief, and shall have power to call out the militia to execute the law, suppress riots or insurrections, and to reppl invasion.

Sec.

4.

Exemptions.

make such exemptions
laws that

as

The General Assembly shall have may be deemed necessary, and

puvver to to enact

may

be expedient for the government of the militia.

ARTICLE
Section
1.

XIII

AMENDMENTS
Convention, hoic called. No convention of the people ever be called by the General Assembly unless by the concurrence of two-thirds of all of the members of each liouse of the General Assembly, and except the proposition, convention or no convention, be first submitted to the qualified voters of the whole State, at the next general election, in a manner to be prescribed by law. And should a majority of the votes cast be in favor of said convention, it shall assemble on such day i- may be prescribed by the General Assembly.
of this State shall

Sec. 2. How the Constitution may oe altered. No part of the Constitution of this State shall be altered unless a bill to alter the same shall have been agreed to by three-fifths of each house

General Assembly. And the amendment or amendments so agreed to shall be submitted at the next general election to the qualified voters of the whole State, in such manner as may be prescribed by law. And in the event of their adoption by a majority of the votes cast, such amendment or amendments shall become a part of the Constitution of this State.
of the

ARTICLE XIV
MISCELLANEOUS
Section found or

Indictments. All indictments which shall have been may hereafter be found for any crime or offense com1.

SS

\'<>i:

in

('

VROLINA

Mam

\i

milted before this Constitution lakes effect, may be proceeded upuii in Uk> proper courts, but no punishment shall be inflicted which is forbidden by this Constitution

fighl

Penalty for fighting duel. No person who shall hereafter duel, or assist in the same as a second, or send, accept, or knowingly carry a challenge therefor, or agree to go out of the
Sec.
2.

a

Stale to fighl a duel, shall hold
:',.

any

office in this State.

Sec. No money shall he drawn from the Drawing money. Treasurer but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and an accurate account of the receipts and expenditures of the public

money

shall he annually published.

The General Assembly shall provide, by Sec. 4. Mechanic's lien. proper legislation, for giving to mechanics and laborers an adequate lien on the subject matter of their labor.
In the absence of any Sec. 5. Governor to make appointments. contrary provision, all officers of this State, whether heretofore elected or appointed by the Governor, shall hold their positions only until other appointments are made by the Governor, or, if the officers are elective, until their successors shall have been chosen and duly qualified according to the provisions of this Constitution.

Sec.
in this

6.

Heat of Government.

The permanent

seat of

Government

State shall be at the City of Raleigh.
7.

Sec.

hunt office-holding.

No person who

shall hold

any

office

or place of trust or profit under the United States or any department thereof, or under this State, or under any other state or govenment. shall hold or exercise any other office or place of trust or

under the authority of this State, or he eligible to a seat in house of the General Assembly: Provided, that nothing herein contained shall extend to officers in the militia, notaries public, commissioners of public charities, or commissioners for
profit

either

special purposes.
Sec. b. Intermarriage of marriages between a white white person and a person of inclusive, are hereby forever

whites

person

and Negroes prohibited. All and a Negro, or between a
to the third generation,

Negro descent
prohibited.

i

f4
\ choWan
1

-'
r *

•

1

"

v

THE AMERICAN'S CREED
I believe in the United States of America, as a government of the people., by the people, for the people; whose just powers are derived from the consent of the governed; a democracy in a republic; a sovereign nation of many sovereign states; a perfect

union, one and inseparable; established upon those principles of freedom, equality, justice and humanity for which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes. I therefore believe it is my duty to my country to love it, to support its constitution,
to

obey

its

laws, to respect its flag, and to defend

it

against

all

enemies,

(The American's Creed by William Tyler Page was adopted by an act of Congress, April 6. 1918.)

THE AMERICAN FLAG,

IT'S

ORIGIN

In 1775, the Philadelphia Troop of Light Horse carried a standard with thirteen alternate blue and silver stripes in the upper left-hand corner. At Cambridge on January 2, 1776, Washington

without authorization of the Continental Congress raised a flag consisting of thirteen alternate white and red stripes with the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew in a blue field in the upper left-hand corner. It was called the "Union Flag," "Grand Union
Flag," and the "Continental Flag," and was employed until displaced by the Stars and Stripes adopted by the Continental Congress.

The beautiful tradition that Betsy Ross, as early as June 1776, a Stars and Stripes flag from a pencil sketch supplied by Washington but changed the points of the stars from six to five, has become a classic. Historians doubt its accuracy. Half a dozen

made

claim to have been the place where the Stars and Stripes used. Within New York State such contention has been for Fort Ann on July 8, Fort Stanwix on August 3, Bennington on August 13, and Saratoga on September 19, 1777. The flag with thirteen stripes and thirteen stars, authorized on June 14, 1777, continued to be used as the national emblem until Congress passed the following act, which President Washington signed: "That from and after May 1, 1795, the flag of the United States be fifteen stripes, alternate red and white; and that the union be fifteen stars, white in a blue field."
localities

was

first

91

92

North Carolina Manual

This action was necessitated by the admission of the States of Vermont and Kentucky to the Union. The flag of 1795 had the stars arranged in three rows of live each instead of in a circle, and served for 2 3 years. With the admission of more new states, however, it became apparent that the 1795 Hag would have to be further modified; hence in 1818 a law was passed by Congress providing: •'That from and after the fourth day of July next, the Hag
of the United States be thirteen horizontal stripes, alternate red and white; that the union have twenty stars, white in a blue field. "That on the admission of every new state into the Union, one star be added to the union of the Hag; and that such addition shall take effect on the Fourth of July next succeeding such admission." Since 1818 additional stars have been added until today there are 50 on the flag. No law has been passed to designate how the At one time they formed a design of a stars shall be arranged. larger star. Now they form five rows of six stars each and four

rows of

five stars

each.

Betsy Ross, it is now said, lived at 233 Arch Street, Philadelphia, and not at 239. She made flags, but says Theodore D. GottHe adds: "The lieb, she never made the first Stars and Stripes. Department of State, the War and Navy departments, the Historical Sites Commission of Philadelphia and other official bodies repudiate the legend. The book and pamphlet material available
is

overwhelmingly against the legend. "The story arose for the first time on March 14, 1870, when William J. Canby read a paper before the Pennsylvania Historical Society in which he states that in 183 6, when his grandmother, Betsy Ross, was 8 4 years old and he was 11, she told him the story. He apparently thought little of it because nothing was done
until 1857,

when

at the suggestion of his

Aunt

Clarissa, oldest

daughter of Betsy, he wrote out the notes as he remembered the
conversation.

"Nothing further was done until 1870 when he wrote his paper. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania thought so little of the paper it neither catalogued nor kept a copy of it. Even George
Canby, younger brother of William, disputed several points
paper.
in

the

The Am erica n Flag

93

"The legend grew to strength from 1888 to 1893 when promotors secured an option on the so-called Flag House.

"Modern historical researchers are giving much thought to Francis Hopkinson of New Jersey as the possible designer and the Fillmore or Bennington flag as the first flag."

The Proper Display

of the

American Flag

(The United States Code, 1958) (Chapter 10, Sections 171-172, 174-178)
the national anthem is played and the flag is present should stand and face toward the music. Those in uniform should salute at the first note of the anthem, retaining this position until the last note. All others should stand at attention, men removing the headdress. When the flag is displayed, all present should face the flag and salute.
Sec. 171.
all

When

not displayed,

designated as the pledge of allegiance United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.*' Such pledge should be rendered by standing w ith the right hand over
Sec. 17
2. is

The following

to the flag:

"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the

T

the heart. However, civilians will always show full respect to the flag when the pledge is given by merely standing at attention, men removing the headdress. Persons in uniform shall render

the military salute.
Sec. 174. (a) It is the universal custom to display the flag only from sunrise to sunset on buildings and on stationary flagstaffs in the open. However, the flag may be displayed at night upon special occasions when it is desired to produce a patriotic effect. (b) The flag should be hoisted briskly and lowered ceremoniously.
(c)
is

morial Day (half staff until noon), May 30; Flag Day, June 14: Independence Day, July 4; Labor Day, first Monday in September: Constitution Day, September 17; Columbus Day, October 12; Navy Day, October 27; Veteran's Day, November 11; Thanks giving Day. fourth Thursday in November; Christmas Day, December 25; such other days as may be proclaimed by the President of the United States; the birthdays of States (dates of admission) and on State holidays.
;

(e) The flag should be displayed daily, weather permitting, on or near the main administration building of every public institution,
(f) The flag should be displayed on election days.

in or

near every polling plac*
in

(g) The flag should be displayed during school days near every schoolhouse.
Sec. 17

or

5. The flag, when carried in a procession with another or flags, should be either on the marching right; that is. the flag's own right, or, if there is a line of other flags, in front of the center of that line.

flag

(a)

The

flag

except from
section.

a

staff,

should not be displayed on a float or as provided in subsection

in a
(i)

parade
of
this

(b) The flag should not be draped over the hood, top, sides. or back of a vehicle or of a railroad train or a boat. When the flag is displayed on a motorcar, the staff shall be fixed firmly to

the chassis or clamped to the radiator cap.
(c) No other flag or pennant should be placed above on the same level, to the right of the flag of the United of America, except during church services conducted by chaplains at sea, when the church pennant may be flown the flag during the church services for the personnel of the
or,
if

States

naval

above
Navy.

shall display the flag of the United Nations or any other national or international flag equal, above or in a position
of superior

No person

prominence or honor to or in place of, the flag of the United States at any place within the United States or any Territory or possession thereof: Provided. That nothing in this section shall make unlawful the continuance of the practice heretofore followed of displaying the flag of the United Nations in a posi-

The Americas

Fia«

9;'.

Lion of superior prominence or honor, aiul other national Hag? in positions of equal prominence or honor, with that of the flap

of the United States at the
I

Headquarters of the United Nations.

(d The flag of the United States of America, played with another flag against a wall from should be on the right, the flag's own right, and be in front of the staff of the other flag.

when

it

is

dis

crossed
its staff

staffs,

should

(e) The flag of the United States of America should be at the center and at the highest point of the group when a number of flags of States or localities or pennants of societies are grouped

and displayed from
(f)

staffs.

When

flags of States, cities, or localities, or

pennants of

societies

are found on the same halyard with the flag of the United States, the latter should always be at the peak. When the flags are flown from adjacent staffs, the flag of the United

or

No such flag States should be hoisted first and lowered last. pennant may be placed above the flag of the United States
or to the right of the flag of the United States.
(g)

When

to be flown

flags of two or more nations are displayed, they are from separate staffs of the same height. The flags

should be of approximately equal size. International usage forbids the display of the flag of one nation above that of another nation in time of peace.

staff

When the flag of the United States is displayed from a projecting horizontally or at an angle from the window should sill, balcony, or front of a building, the union of the flag be placed at the peak of the staff unless the flag is at half staff. When the flag is suspended over a sidewalk from a rope extending from a house to a pole at the edge of the sidewalk, the flag should be hoisted out, union first, from the building.
(h)
(i.i

When

the flag

is

displayed otherwise than by being flown

from a staff., it should be displayed flat, whether indoors or out. or so suspended that its folds fall as free as though the flag were
staffed
of the street, (j) When the flag is displayed over the middle should be suspended vertically with the union to the north in an east and west street or to the east in the north and south street.
it

'

!lfi

N'llK III

(

Mini

I

\

\

M

S

\

I

M

When used on a speaker's platform, the flag, if displayed When should be displayed above and behind ihe speaker. displayed from a staff in a church or public auditorium, if it is displayed in the chancel of a church, or on the speaker's platform in a public auditorium, the flag should occupy the position of honor and be placed at the clergyman's or speaker's right as he faces the congregation or audience. Any other flag so displayed in the chancel or on the platform should be placed at the clergyman's or speaker's left as he faces the congregation or audience. But when the flag is displayed from a staff in a church or public auditorium elsewhere than in the chancel or on the platform it
(k)
flat,

shall be placed in the position of honor at the right of the congregation or audience as they face the chancel or platform. Any

other flag so displayed should be placed on the left of the congregation or audience as they face the chancel or platform.
(1)

The

flag

should form a distinctive feature of the cere-

mony

of unveiling a statue or monument, but it should never be used as the covering for the statue or monument.

(m) The flag, when flown at half-staff, should be first hoisted the peak for an instant and then lowered to the half-staff The flag should be again raised to the peak before position. it is lowered for the day. By "half-staff" is meant lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and bottom of the staff. Crepe streamers may be affixed to spear heads or flagstaffs
to

in a

parade only by order of the President of the United States.

(n) When the flag is used to cover a casket, it should be so placed that the union is at the head and over the left shoulder. The flag should not be lowered into the grave nor allowed to touch the ground.
Sec. 176. No disrespect should be shown to the flag of the United States of America; the flag should not be dipped to any person or thing. Regimental colors, State flags, and organization or institutional flags are to be dipped as a mark of honor.

(a) The flag should never be displayed with the union save as a signal of dire distress.

down

(b) The flag should never touch anything beneath the ground, the floor, water, or merchandise.

it,

such as

The American Flag

;»;

(c) The flag should never be carried flat or horizontally, but always aloft and free. (d) The flag should never be used as drapery of any sort whatsoever, never festooned, drawn back, nor up, in folds, but always allowed to fall free. Bunting of blue, white and red, always arranged with the blue above, the white in the middle, and the red below, should be used for covering a speaker's desk, draping the front of a piatform, and for decoration in general.

(e) The flag should never be fastened, displayed, used, or stored in such a manner as will permit it to be easily torn, soiled, or damaged in any way.
(f
)

The

flag

should never be used as a covering for

a ceiling.

(g) The flag should never part of it, nor attached to it

have placed upon it, nor on any any mark, insignia, letter, word, figure, design, picture or drawing of any nature. (h) The flag should never be used as a receptacle for receiving,
holding, carrying, or delivering anything.
(i) The flag should never be used for advertising purposes in any manner whatsoever. It should not be embroidered on such articles as cushions or handkerchiefs and the like, printed or otherwise impressed on paper napkins or boxes or anything that is designed for temporary use and discard; or used as any portion of a costume or athletic uniform. Advertising signs should not be fastened to a staff or halyard from which the flag is flown.

(j)

The

a fitting

flag, when it is in such condition that it is no longer emblem for display, should be destroyed in a dignified

way, preferably by burning.
of hoisting or lowering the passing in a parade or in a review, all persons present should face the flag, stand at attention, and Those present in uniform should render the military salute. salute. When not in uniform, men should remove the headdress with the right hand holding it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Men without hats should salute in the same manner. Aliens should stand at attention. Women should salute by placing the right hand over the heart. The salute to the flag in the moving column should be rendered at the moment the
Sec.

177.

During the ceremony
is

flag or

when

the flag

flag passes.

North Cabuj
Se<

i

n

\

Manuai

ITn Any rule or custom pertaining to the display of the the United States of America, set forth in sections 171-178 of this title, may be altered, modified, or repealed, or additional rules with respect thereto may be prescribed, by the Commander
flag of

in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, whenever he deems it to be appropriate or desirable; and any such alfpration or additional rule shall be set forth in a proclamation

The Pledge
(.Taught in

to the

Flag

many

of the schools

and repeated by pupils daily)
America

"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of

And

to the

Republic for

which

it

stands.

One Nation under God, indivisible. With liberty and justice for all."

The Pledge to the Flag, according to a report of the Historical Committee of the United States Flag Association (May 18, 1939). was written by Francis Bellamy (August 1892), a member of the editorial staff of The Youth's Companion, in Boston, MassachuIt was first repeated at the exercises in connection with setts. the celebration of Columbus Day (October 12, 1892, Old Style). The idea of this national celebration on Columbus Day was largely that of James B. Upham, one of the junior proprietors of The
Youth's Companion.

Francis Hopkinson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, of the Stars and Stripes -not Betsy Ross of Philadelphia, who made flags. He also designed the first Great Seal of the United States, and a number of coins and several items of paper currency in the early days of the Republic.

was the designer

—

Hopkinson, born in Philadelphia (September 21, 1737), and a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, was the first native

American composer
and then

of a secular song,

Wondrous Free." He was a lawyer and

later a

"My Days Have Been So judge in New Jersey

in Pennsylvania. He died in Philadelphia (May 9, 17 91). His portrait, painted by himself, hangs in the rooms of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, Philadelphia. He played the organ and harpsichord.

THE CAPITOL AT WASHINGTON
The Capitol building in Washington, D. C. is situated on plateau 88 feet above the level of the Potomac River and covers an area of 153,112 square feet, or approximately three and onehalf acres. Its length, from north to south, is 7 51 feet, four inches; its width, including approaches, is 350 feet; and its location is described as being in latitude 38°53'20.4" N. and longitude e 70 00'35.7" W. from Greenwich. Its height above the base line on
( i

the east front to the top of the Statue of Freedom is 287 feet. five and one-half inches. The dome is built of iron, and the aggre-

gate weight of material

used in

its

construction

is

8.

909. 20c

pounds.

The Statue
weighs

of

Freedom surmounting the dome

is

of bronze and

It was modeled by Thomas Crawford, 14,985 pounds. father of Francis Marion Crawford, the novelist, in Rome, and the plaster model shipped to this country. It was cast in bronze

at the

ington.

shops of Clark Mills, on the Bladensburg Road, near WashThe cost of the casting and the expenses in connection were $20,796.82, and the sculptor was paid $3,000 for the plaster model. It was erected and placed in its present position Decembe.
2,

1863.

The grounds have had an area of 58.8 acres, at one time a parr of Cern Abby Manor, and at an early date were occupied by a subtribe of the Algonquin Indians known as the Powhatans, whose council house was then located at the foot of the hill. By subsequent purchase of ground at the North of the Capitol and at the west of the new House Office building the area of the grounds
lias

been increased to 13 9
is

*/£

acres.

97 feet 6 inches in diameter, and its height from the floor to the top of the canopy is 180 feet, 3 inches.

The Rotunda

The Senate Chamber is 113 feet, 3 inches, in length by 80 feet. and 3 6 feet in height. The galleries will accommodate 682 persons.
3

inches, in width

The Representatives' Hall width and 3 6 feet in height.

is

139 feet in length by 93 feet

in

The room, until 1935 the meeting place of the Supreme Court, was, until 18 59, occupied as the Senate Chamber. Previous to that
99

10n

NOR!

II

C

VKOl

INA

M

Wl'AI

time the court occupied the room immediately beneath, now used as a law library.

The Capitol has a floor area of 14 acres, and 430 rooms are demoted to office, committee, and storage purposes. There are 14,518
square feet of skylights, 679 windows, and 550 doorways. The dome receives light through 108 windows, and from the architect's office to the dome there are 3 65 steps, one for each day
of the year.

The southeast cornerstone
tember
18,

of the original building

was

laid Sep-

It monies. Creek, Va. The original designs were prepared by Dr. William Thornton, and the work was done under the direction of Stephen 11. Hallet. James Hoban, George Hadfield, and B. H. Latrobe.

1793, by President Washington, with Masonic cereis constructed of sandstone from quarries on Aquia

architects.

The north wing was finished in 18 00 and the south wing in 1811. A wooden passageway connected them. On August 24, 1814, the interior of both wings was destroyed by fire, set by the British. The damage to the building was immediately repaired. In 1818 the central portion of the building was commenced under the architectural superintendence of Charles Bullfinch. The original building was finally completed in 18 27. Its cost, including the grading of the grounds, alterations, and repairs, up to 1827. was $2,433,844.13. The cornerstone of the extensions was laid on the Fourth of July, 1851, by President Fillmore, Daniel Webster officiating as orator. This work was prosecuted under the architectual direction of Thomas U. Walter until 18 65, when he resigned, and it was completed under the supervision of Edward Clark. The material used in the walls is white marble from the quarries of Lee, Massaville,

and that in the columns from the quarries from CockeysMaryland. The House extension was first occupied for legislative purposes December 16. 1857. and the Senate January 4.
chusetts,

1859.

The House office building was begun in 190 5 and occupied on January 10, 1908; later a story on top was added. The Senate office building was started in 1906 and occupied on March 5, 1909. The House building cost, with site. $4,860,155: the Senate structure. $5,019,251.

The Nation w

Capitoi

101

Among

the paintings in the Capitol are:

In Rotunda: Signing of the Declaration of Independence, Surrender of General Burgoyne, Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at

Commander

Yorktown, Va., George Washington Resigning His Commission as in Chief of the Army, all by John Trumbull. Baptism of Pocahontas, by John G. Chapman; Landing of Columbus, by John Vanderlyn; Discovery of the Mississippi River by DeSoto, by William H. Powell: Embarkation of the Pilgrims, by Robert W. Weir. In House Wing: Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way, by Emanuel Leutze; First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation, by Francis Bicknell Carpenter. In Senate Wing: Battle of Lake Erie, by William H. Powell; Battle of Chapultepec. by James Walker.

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
(Unanimously Adopted
in Congress, July
4,

1776, at Philadelphia)

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth,
and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and God ontitles them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights; that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That, to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; That, whenever any Form of Government hethe separate
of Nature's

roines destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its

foundations on such principles, and organizing
forms, as to

its

powers

in such

them

shall

seem most likely

to effect their Safety

and

Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies, and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great
Happiness.
Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid
world.

He has refused his assent necessary for the public good.
102

to

Laws, the most

wholesome and

Declaeation of

I

_\

dependence

L03

He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

He has

refused to pass other

Laws

for the

accommodation

of

large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature a right inestimable to

—

them, and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable and distant from the depository of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.
refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within.
others to be elected;

He has

He has endeavored
ers;

to

that purpose obstructing the

prevent the population of these States for Laws for Naturalization of Foreign-

and raising the conditions

refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, of new Appropriations of Lands.

He
He

his assent to

has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing laws for establishing Judiciary Powers. has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure

of their offices,

and the amount and payment
of

of their salaries.

He has erected a multitude Offices, and sent hither .swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.

New

He has kept among us, in times of peace, without the Consent of Our Legislature. He has
to,

Standing Armies
of,

affected to render the Military independent

and superior

the Civil power.
to

others to subject us to a jurisdiction our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:
foreign

He has combined with

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

in

i

North Carolina Manuai

For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these
States:

For cutting

off

our Trade with

all

parts of the world:

For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits
jury:

of

Trial

by

English Laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into
of

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns. and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the

Head

of a civilized nation.

constrained our fellow-Citizens, taken captive on the high Seas, to bear Arms against their Country, to become the exe cutioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by
their Hands.

He has

He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.
In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms; Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

Declaration of Independence

105

Nor have we been wanting

in attention to our British brethren.

We have warned them from

time to time of attempts by their

legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and

We

We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which inevitably interrupt our connections with correspondence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. "We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.
settlement here.

—

We, Therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress Assembled; appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name and by authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be free and independent States; that they are Absolved from All Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connections between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.

John Hancock
Button Gwinnett

Edward Rutledge

Lyman

Hall

Thomas Heyward,
Thomas Lynch.

Junr.

Geo. Walton

Junr.

Wm.

Hoopei

Arthur Middleton

Joseph Hewes

Samuel Chase

John Penn
Thos Stone

Wm.

Paca

Carter Braxton

lu.;

Mouth Carolina Mamtai.
Robt. Morris

Charles Carroll of Carrollton

James Wilson
Geo. Ross

Benjamin Rush
Benja. Franklin

Caesar Rodney
Geo.

John Morton
Geo. Clymer
Jas.

Reed

Tho. M. Kean
Win. Floyd
Phil. Livingston

Smith

Geo. Taylor

Josiah Bartlett

Frans. Lewis

Wm.

Hippie

Lewis Morris
Richd. Stockton
Jno. Witherspoon
Fras.

Saml.

Adams

John Adams
Robt. Treat Payne

Hopkinson

Eldridge Gerry
Step.

John Hart

Hopkins

Abra Clark
George Wythe

William Ellery

Roger Sherman

Richard Henry Lee
Th. Jefferson
Benja. Harrison

Samuel Huntington

Wm.

Williams

Oliver Woolcott

Thos. Nelson, Jr.

Matthew Thornton

Francis Lightfoot Lee

THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
Preamble
We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do
ordain and America.
establish
this

Constitution for the United

States

of

Article

I

Section 1 legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives.
1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Sec. 2 members chosen every second year by the people of the several

—All

—

States,

and the electors

in each State shall

requisite for electors of the

have the most numerous branch

qualifications
of the

State

Legislature.
2.

No person

shall be a Representative

who

shall not

have

at-

tained to the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

the several States which

Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years and excluding Indians not taxed, The actual enumeration shall be three-fifths of all other persons. made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose 3; Massachusetts, 8; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, 1; Connecticut, 5; New York, 6; New
3.

107

L08

North Carolina Manual
4;

Jersey,
10;

8; Delaware, 1; Maryland, 6; Virginia, South Carolina, 5; and Georgia, 3.* 4. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State the Executive Authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 5. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

Pennsylvania,
5;

North Carolina,

1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of Sec. 3 two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.t

—

2.

Immediately after they shall be assembled

in

consequence

of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be

vacated at the expiration of the second year; of the second class
at the expiration of the fourth year; and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every

second year, and if vacancies happen by resignation, or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies.!
3.

No person

shall be a Senator

who

shall not

have attained to

the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that

State for which he shall be chosen.
4. The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States.

6.

The Senate

When When
shall

shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation.

the President of the United States

is tried,

the Chief Justice

preside; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present.
7.

Judgment
office of

in

cases of

than to removal from

office,

any

honor, trust,

impeachment shall not extend further and disqualification to hold and enjoy or profit under the United States; but

*See Article XIV, Amendments. tSee Article XVII, Amendments.

Constitution of the United States
the

L09

party

convicted
trial,

shall

nevertheless

be

liable

and subject

to

indictment,
Sec.
4

—

judgment, and punishment, according to law.
times,
places,

1.

The

and manner

for Senators

and Representatives

of holding elections shall be prescribed in each State

by the Legislature thereof, but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.
2 The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

Sec. 5 1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller num-

—

adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to comattendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide.
ber
pel the

may

Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punmembers for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. 3. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from
2.

ish its

time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.
their

Neither House, during the session of Congress, shall, without more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be
4.

the consent of the other, adjourn for

sitting.

Sec. 6 1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place.

—

No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States which shall have been created, or
2.

he

110

North Carolina Manual

emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.
the

time;

Se<

.

7

—

1.

All

bills

for

raising revenue

shall

originate

in

the

House of Representatives; but the Senate with amendments, as on other bills.
2.

may

propose or concur

tives
to

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representaand the Senate shall, before it becomes a law, be presented

the President of the United States; if he approves, he shall sign but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections If after at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it.
it,

such reconsideration two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed
it,

in

which case

unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent it shall not be a law.

its

return,

3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the Presi-

dent of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

The Congress shall have power: 8. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall
Sec.
1.

be uniform throughout the United States;
2.

To borrow money on the

credit of the United States;

COKSTITUTIOJV O* THJ

UNITED STATES

111

3. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and several States, and with the Indian tribes;

among

the

To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform 4. laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States;
5.

and

fix

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and the standards of weights and measures;

of foreign coin,

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the and current coin of the United States;

securities

and postroads: of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;
7.
S.

To establish

postoffices

To promote the progress

9.

To constitute tribunals To
define

inferior to the

Supreme Court;

10.

high seas,
11.

and punish piracies and felonies committed on the and offenses against the law of nations;
letters

marque and reprisal, and and water; 12. To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;
of

To declare war, grant

make

rules concerning captures on land

13.
14.

To provide and maintain a navy; To make rules for the government and regulation

of the land

and naval forces;
15.

To provide

for calling forth the militia to execute the laws

of the Union, suppress insurrections,
16.

and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed
in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;
17. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may by cession of particular States and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of Government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the

State in which the

same

shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines,

arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings;
shall

—and

be necessary and proper for IS. To make all laws which carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers

1

1-

North C

vkoj ina

M vm al

vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States. or any department or officer thereof.
Sec. 9
if

—

1.

The migration

or importation of such persons as any

existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such
ilu

states

now

importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.
2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be sus pended. unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. 3.

capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to
4.

No No

bill of

attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.

be taken.*
5.

No

tax or duty shall be laid
shall be given

on articles exported from any

State.
6.

No preference

by any regulation

of

commerce

or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.
7. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.

be granted by the United States; of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king,
8.

No

title

of

nobility shall

and no person holding any

office

prince, or foreign state. Sec. 10

—

1.

No

State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confed-

grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bill of attainder; ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of
eration;
nobility.
2. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports except what may be abso-

•See Article XVI, Amendments.

Constitution of the United States

113

lutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imports, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of

the Congress.

of tonnage,

State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in
3.

No

such imminent danger as will not admit delay.

Article

II

Section 1 1. The executive power shall be vested in a PresiHe shall hold his office dent of the United States of America. during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows:
2.

—

Each State

thereof
entitled

may
in

direct, a

shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature number of electors, equal to the whole num-

Representatives to which the State may be Congress; but no Senator or Representative or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States shall be appointed an elector.
ber of Senators and

the

3. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to The President of the Senate shall, the President of the Senate.

the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives open the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if
in
all

such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President.

ih
Bui

North Carolina Manuat

in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, representation from each State having one vote; a quorum, for tins purpose, shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the Stales, and a majority of all the States shall be

the

in every case, after the choice of the Presiperson having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.*

necessarj to a choice,
tlic

dent,

The Congress may determine the time of choosing the elec and the day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the United States.
4.

tors

5. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.
G. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal,

resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

death,

7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the

United States, or any of them.
8. Before he enters on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation:

"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of

my

ability, preserve, protect,

and defend the Constitution

of the

United States."
*This clause
is

superseded by Article XII, Amendments.

Constitution of the United States
Sec.
2

i

1

5

shall be Commander-in-Chief of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices; and he shall have power to grant reprieves, and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.
1.

—

The President
of the

Army and Navy

have power, by and with the advice and consent of make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law; but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments.
2.

He

shall

the Senate, to

have power to fill up all vacancies that the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session.
3.

The President

shall

may happen during

He shall from time to time give to the Congress inforSec. 3 mation of the State of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.
Sec.

—

4— The

President, Vice President, and all civil officers of

the United
for,

States, shall be
of,

removed from

office

on impeachment

and conviction misdemeanors.

treason, bribery, or other high crimes and

Article
Section
1

III

judicial power of the United States shall be Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges.

— The

vested in one

ill

North Carolina Manual

both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law Sec. 2 and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public minauthority; isters and consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime juristo controversies to which the United States shall be a diction; to controversies between two or more States; between party; a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of different States; between citizens of the same State, claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects.

—

—

— —

—

—

—

2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.

The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress
•"..

may by law have
Sec.

directed.

3—1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attainted
Article IV

and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manSectichn

1— Full

faith

Constitution

<u

the United States

117

uer in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
Sec.
2

—

1.

The

citizens

of

each State shall be entitled to

all

privileges
2.

and immunities

of citizens in the several States.

A

person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other

crime,
shall,

who shall flee from justice and be found in another State, on demand of the Executive authority of the State from
fled,

which he

be delivered up, to be removed to the State having

jurisdiction of the crime.
3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered upon claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due.

1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the con-

Sec.

3

—

this

sent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the

Congress.
shall have power to dispose of and make all and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States or of any particular State.
2.

The Congress
rules

needful

4 The United States shall guarantee to every State in Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and. on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be con

Sec.

—

this

vened), against domestic violence

Aeticle V

The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several
States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three

118

North Carolina Manual

fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro-

posed by the Congress; provided that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the tirst and fourth clauses in the Ninth Section of the First Article; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate

Article VI
All debts contracted and engagements entered into before adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the [Tnited States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
1. 2.

the

This Constitution and the laws of the United States which made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
shall be
3. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Con-

stitution;
fication to

but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualiany office or public trust under the United States.

Article VII
the Convention of nine States =nall be sufestablishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same.
ratification of
ficient for the

The

present the

Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States Seventeenth Day of September, in the Year of Our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names.
in

Done

GEO. WASHINGTON, President and deputy from Virginia, New Hampshire— John Langdon, Nicholas Gilman, Massachusetts Na-

The following amendments to the Constitution, Article I to X, were proposed at the First Session of the First Congress, begun and held at the City of New York,, on Wednesday, March 4, The 1789, and were adopted by the necessary number of States. original proposal of the ten amendments was preceded by this preamble and resolution:
inclusive,
of a number of the States having, at the time adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added, and as extending

"The conventions

of their

the

ground

of public confidence in the

Government

will best insure

the beneficent ends of its institution:

"RESOLVED, By

the Senate and House of Representatives of

the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following articles be proposed to

the Legislatures of the several States, as
stitution of the United States;
all

amendments

to the Con-

or any of which articles, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, namely"

Amendments
the ten original amendments
(.Sometimes called our Bill of Rights) (Declared in force December 15, 1791)

L20

North Carolina Manuai
Article
I

respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging tin freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peacably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress

Congress shall

make no law

of grievances.

Article

II

A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be
infringed

Article

III

No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law.
Article IV

The right papers, and

of

the people to be secure in their persons, houses,

shall not be violated,

unreasonable searches and seizures, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be
effects,

against

seized.

Article

V

No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand
jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor

any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property bp taken for public use, without just compensation.
shall

Article VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy, and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and

Constitution op the United Statfs
district
trict

121

wherein the crime shall have been committed, which dishave been previously ascertained by law, and be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of
shall

counsel for his defense.

Article VII
In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the com-

The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
Article

X
United States by the Constitu-

The powers not delegated
tion,

to the

nor prohibited by

it

to the States, are reserved to the States

respectively, or to the people.

Article XI
United States shall not be construed to law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States, by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. (Proposed to the Legislatures of the several States by the Third Congress on the 5th of March, 1794, and declared to have been

The

judicial
to

power
suit

of the

extend

any

in

ratified

by Executive Proclamation, January
Article XII

8,

1798.)

meet in their respective States, and vote by and Vice President, one of whom at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves: they shall

The

electors shall

ballot for President

122

North Carolina Manual
in their ballots the

name

person voted for as President, and in

dis-

tinct ballots the persons voted for as Vice President; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all

persons voted for as Vice President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice President shall be the Vice President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of twothirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice President of the United States.

by the Eighth Congress on the 12th of December, ratified by the Secretary of State, September 25, 1804. It was ratified by all the States except Connecticut. Delaware, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire.)
(Proposed
1803,

declared

Article XIII
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly .-on1.

Constitution of the United States
victed, shall exist within the
to their jurisdiction.
2.

12::

United States, or any place subject
enforce this article by appro-

Congress shall have power

to

priate legislation.

(Proposed by the Thirty-eighth Congress on the 1st of February, declared ratified by the Secretary of State, December 18, was condiIt was rejected by Delaware and Kentucky; 1865. tionally ratified by Alabama and Mississippi; and Texas took no
1865,

action/i

Article

XIV

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and 1. subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall

any State deprive any

per-

son of

life,

liberty, or property,
its

without due process of law; nor

deny

to

any person within

jurisdiction the equal protection of

the laws.
2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number But when of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male

inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
3.

No person

shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress,

and Vice President, or hold any office, civil States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legisto support lature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insuror elector of President

or military, under

the United

I

2

I

Nortij Carolina

Manual

rection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of

each House, remove such disability.

The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorby law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall But neither the United States nor any State not be questioned.
4.

ized

assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss of emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void.
shall
5.

The Congress

shall

have power

to

enforce

by appropriate

legislation the provisions of this article.

(The Reconstruction Amendment, by the Thirty-ninth Congress on the 16th day of June, 1S66, was declared ratified by the Secretary of State, July 28, 1868. The amendment got the support of 23 Northern States; it was rejected by Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and 10 Southern States. California took no action. Later it was ratified by the 10 Southern States.)
Article
1.

XV

right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on

The

account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
2.

The Congress

shall

have power

to

enforce

this

article

by

appropriate legislation.

and was declared

(Proposed by the Fortieth Congress the 27th of February, 1S69, ratified by the Secretary of State, March 30, 1870. It was not acted on by Tennessee; it was rejected by California, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and Oregon; ratified by the remaining 30 States. New York rescinded its ratification January 5, 1870.

New

Jersey rejected

it

in 1870, but ratified it in 1871.)

Article

XVI
to

lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumerashall
tion.

The Congress

have power

(Proposed by the Sixty-first Congress, July
ratified

February

25, 1913.

12, 1909, and declared The income tax amendment was ratified

Constitution oe the United States
by
all

L25

the States except Connecticut, Florida, Pennsylvania,

Rhode

Island, Utah,

and Virginia.)
Article XVII

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two 1. Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies; Provided, That the Legislature of any State may empower the Executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by
2.

in

election as the Legislature
3.

may

direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as
part of the Constitution.

(Proposed by the Sixty-second Congress on the 16th day of May, and declared ratified May 31, 1913. Adopted by all the States except Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah and
1912,

Virginia.)

Article XVIII
After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for bev1.

erage purposes
2.

is

hereby prohibited.

The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been an amendment to the Constitution by the Legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the
3.

ratified as

Congress.
ratified

(Proposed by the Sixty-fifth Congress, December 18, 1917, and by 36 States; was declared in effect on January 16, 1920.)

North

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Article
1.

XIX

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
be
2. Congress shall have power, by enforce the provisions of this article.

appropriate

legislation.

t<-

Proposed by the Sixty-fifth Congress. On August 26, 1920, it was proclaimed in effect, having been ratified (June 19, 1919— August The Tennessee House. 18, 1920) by three-quarters of the States. August 31st. rescinded its ratification, 47 to 24.)
(

Article

XX
shall end at Senators and
of the years

The terms of the President and Vice President 1. noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Representatives at noon on the 3rd day of January in which such terms would have ended if this article ratified: and the terms of their successors shall then
2.

had not been
begin.

The Congress

such meeting less they shall by law appoint a different day.

shall assemble at least once in every year, and shall begin at noon on the 3rd day of January, un-

the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the 3. If, at President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President If a President shall not have been elect shall become President. chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if

President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall acl
the accordingly, until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.
4.

The Congress may by law provide
of

for the case of the death

the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President when
of

any

the right of choice shall have devolved

upon them.

Constitution of the United States

12,

5. Sections 1 aud 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.

inoperative unless it shall have been the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.
6.

This

article

shall

be

ratified

as an

amendment

to

1933.

(Proposed by the 72nd Congress, First Session. On February 6, it was proclaimed in effect, having been ratified by thirty-nine
I

states.

Article
1.

XXI
to

The

eighteenth article of
is

amendment

the Constitution

ol

the United States

hereby repealed.

2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby

prohibited
3.

This

article

ratified as

shall be inoperative unless it shall have been an amendment to the Constitution by convention in the

several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

in

Proclaimed (Proposed by the 72nd Congress, Second Session. effect on December 5, 1933, having been ratified by thirty-six States. By proclamation of the same date, the President proclaim-

ed that the eighteenth on December 5. 933.
1
)

amendment

to the Constitution

was repealed

Article XXII
shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which
1.

No person

some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any

who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.
person

128

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2.

This article shall be inoperative unless
as an

it

shall

have been

the constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the congress.
ratified

amendment

to

(Proposed by the 80th Congress in 1947 and became effective on Feb. 26, 1951, having been ratified by thirty-six States.)

Article XXIII
District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:
1.

The

and Vice President equal to Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of
of electors of President
of

A number

the whole

number

amendment.
2.

The Congress

shall

have power

to

enforce

this

article

by

appropriate legislation.
the 38th State,

(Proposed by the 86th Congress in June of 1960 and ratified by March 29, 1961 and proclaimed a part of the Con3,

stitution, April

1961.)

Article
1.

XXIV
States
to

The

President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the

primary

right of citizens or other election

of

the United

vote

in

any

for

President or

Vice

United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
2.

The Congress

shall

have power

to

enforce

this

article

by

appropriate legislation.

(Proposed by the 87th Congress, the 38th State, January 23, 1964.)

August

27,

1962 and ratified by

Article
1.

XXV
office or

In case of the

removal of the President from

of

his death or resignation, the Vice President shall dent.

become

Presi-

Constitution of the United States
1.

L29

dent, the President shall
of Congress.
3.

a vacancy in the office of the Vice Presinominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation hy a majority vote of hoth Houses
is

Whenever there

Whenever

the

President

transmits

to

the

Presidenl

pro

tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties
shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.
4.

Whenever the Vice President and

a

majority of either the

principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Repre-

sentatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as

Acting President. Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law
provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to dis-

charge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for If the Congress, within twentythat purpose if not in session. one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, it Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and
duties
shall
of

his

office,

the

Vice

President

shall

continue

to

dis-

charge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President

resume the powers and duties of his office. (Submitted to the Legislatures of the fifty States July 6. L965. Ratified bv the 38th State (Nevada) February 10 1967.1
f

PART

II

CENSUS

POPULATION OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
Eighteenth Census of the United States: 1960

The population of North Carolina's urban places continued to grow faster than that of the rural areas between 1950 and 1960, according to the eighteenth decennial census, issued by Robert W. Burgess, Director of the Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce. Final figures show that the urban population increased from
1,368,101 in 1950 to 1,801,921 in 1960, or 31.6 per cent, while the rural population increased from 2,693,828 in 1950 to 2,754,234 in 1960 or an increase of only 2.2 per cent. The final count of the Eighteenth Census for the State on April 1, 1960, was 4,556,155 compared to 4,061,929 in 1950, or an increase of 12.2 per cent.
tion in 1960 as
in

Urban residents accounted for 39.5 per cent compared with 33.7 per cent

of the State's populain 1950. Rural areas

1960 accounted for 60.5 per cent of the total population. The Census Bureau considers as urban areas the incorporated places of 2,500 or more, or unincorporated places of 2,500 or more located outside urbanized areas. The remaining territory is classified as
rural.

There were 35 incorporated places of 10,000 or more in 1960. Five of these (Chapel Hill, Jacksonville, Lenoir, Lumberton and Roanoke Rapids) reached that size since 1950. Charlotte remains the State's largest city with a population of 201,564, followed in order by Greensboro with 119,574 and Winston-Salem with 111,135. According to final figures of the 1960 census 63 of the counties gained in population. Onslow County showed the greatest gain with an increase of 96.7 per cent. Cumberland County placed second with an increase of 54.6 per cent, while Mecklenburg was third with a 3 8.1 per cent gain. The first census of North Carolina was taken in 1790, returning a population of 393,751. The population has shown an increase at every census since that time. The population passed 1,000,000 between 1860 and 1870, 2,000,000 between 1900 and 1910, 3,000,000 between 1920 and 1930, 4,000,000 between 1940 and 1950, and 4,500,000 between 1950 and 1960. The present population represents a density of 8 6.4 inhabitants per square mile. North Land area is Carolina's total area in square miles is 52,712.
49,142 square miles; water area is 3.57(1 square miles. Table 1 presents the figures for counties and for incorporated places of 10,000 or more, and Table 2 for incorporated places of 133 less than 10.000.

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TABLE 1. POPULATION OF COUNTIES AND OF INCORPORATED PLACES OF 10,000 OR MORE IN NORTH CAROLINA
1960
County
or Place
.

NORTH CAROLINA DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM FOR 1966
respectfully
of North Carolina, in convention assembled, submit the following Platform of the Democratic Party of North Carolina for 1966-67.

The Democrats

INTRODUCTION
The 1966 Platform Committee, operating under the guidance and direction of the State Democratic Executive Committee, offers this document for consideration as a sincere and concise statement of policies and goals established by the Democratic Party to serve the best interest of all North Carolinians.
The philosophy expressed here is partisan only in the sense it represents dedication to and faith in the kind of government that is responsive to the will of the people, that traditionally
that

unhesitatingly aligns itself with progress and, without compromise, seeks to enhance the well-being and preserve the dignity of the individual.
looks to the future,

Each statement in this Platform is the result of much study and deliberation. It is a Platform that represents, not the views of the few individuals charged with the responsibility of its preparation, but the views of countless North Carolinians who
subscribe to the belief that the opportunity to earn a productive and prosperous life is the birthright of every citizen of this state.
listed here should be a source of pride The goals listed here must be a North Carolinian. Good government the kind of challenge for every Democrat. government that has become traditional in our state in this cen-

The accomplishments

for every

—

It is the product of determiis not the product of chance. tury the product of people nation and sacrifice— the product of vision dedicated to the principles of the Democratic Party.

—

With

full

trusted to

— our responsibility — responsibility enawareness North Carolina — platform for us by the people
of
a

of

this

progress has been developed. With pride in the past, confidence in the present and enthusiasm for the future, this platform can be submitted to the people for endorsement.
153

John Kerr, Jr., 2nd District D. L. Ward, 3rd District Harry Horton, 4th District John Gallaher, 5th District Hector McGeachy, 7th District

Raymond King,

8th District

Ray Lackey, 9th District Woodrow W. Jones, 10th District

DEMOCRATIC PARTY AFFAIRS:
The strength of the Democratic Party in North Carolina has of the people that ours long been a deep awareness on the part and not fear, the party faith of the of the people, party is the party
of progress.

North Carolina Democrats have demonstrated a capacity for meeting challenges since the beginning of this century resulting in all areas affecting the well-being of our people. in

—

progress

it has given this state a reservoir of experiat all levels of government. dedicated leadership enced, the face we as great problems and the great opportuniToday, ties of the most exciting and complex age in the history of man,

Most importantly,

the responsibilities that rest with this leadership is overwhelming. It is the responsibility that can and will be met by the Democratic Party.

the Party

It will be met because the Party is strong, because dedicated, and because its members are united in their determination to continue building a more abundant life for all North Carolinians.
is

the Teen-Dem Clubs and of the Party units and members individual both Democratic the Young Clubs, continues to expand in size and influence. of the Confederation The contribution of these young North Carolinians to their state and their Party grows daily, and their vigorous alignment with Democratic ideals is not only inspirational, but insures the vitality of the Party in the years ahead.

The youthful faction

—

—

Democratic Platform

155

The women of the Party, and especially those members of our Democratic Women's Clubs, have assumed additional responsibility in recent years and merit a special commendation for the service they have rendered the cause of good government in North
Carolina.

We pledge our continued support for these vital branches of the Party and charge the State Democratic Executive Committee with the responsibility for actively encouraging and assisting their efforts to insure good government in North Carolina.
STATE GOVERNMENT
more competent and loyal service public officials and employees than North Carolina. These individuals have contributed immeasurably to our state's repuThe Democratic Party is fully tation for good government.
state in the nation receives

No

from

its

aware of this fact and has sought, through the years, to insure the maintenance of these high standards by fair treatment and compensation for service rendered. We pledge a continuation of
this respectful relationship

which benefits every

citizen of

North

Carolina.

cause of good government are the prigive their time and talent to service on governing and advisory bodies of state agencies, institutions and councils. Their contribution to the well-being of our state and its people cannot be expressed, but the stability and enlightened direction of governmental affairs is eloquent testimonial to
less essential to the

No

vate citizens of the state

who

the quality of their service.
Legislative: The North Carolina General Assembly, chosen by the people to insure their progress, has, for more than six decades

Democratic leadership, met the responsibility entrusted to it. has proven faithful to the knowledge that ours is a great state It has proven faithful to the concept that with great potential. ours must remain a state and nation governed by law and not by men. It has labored long and effectively to develop that potenWe ask that the General Assembly tial and protect that concept. continue this dedication. To that end we unhesitatingly pledge
of
It

the support of the Democratic Party.

L56

North Carolina Manual

The Judiciary:
is

Improvement

in the

administration of justice

the constant aim of the judiciary in North Carolina. That effort, supported by the Democratic Party, resulted in the enactment of The Judicial Department Act by the 1965 General Assembly. Implementation of this Act will greatly improve the court system
of the state.

The North Carolina Courts Commission, an arm of the General Assembly, continues to work on legislation for enactment in 1967 that will further modernize the court system of North Carolina to insure equal justice under the law for all men.
In

the firm belief that impartial justice

is

a

cornerstone of

democracy, the Democratic Party will continue to encourage and support all reasonable efforts in the area of judicial reform.

AGRICULTURE:
The Democratic Party has traditionally led and, in large measure, been responsible for action resulting in the greatest farming productivity in the history of mankind. In spite of this, technical advances and products of research have forced increasObviously, to strive ing numbers of families to leave the farm. for a better balanced economy while maintaining pace with the
requirements of a growing population, it will be necessary to develop new and better methods of stabilizing our rural population while increasing the income of our farm families.

The Democratic Party pledges its firm support to all governmental agencies with responsibilities that relate to these goals. North Carolina farm products must be processed and distributed so that the farmers of this state receive a fair share of agricultural income. Marketing service programs that are directed toward assisting farmers and trades people with specific problems should be expanded. Research and consumer protection programs should be expanded to insure renewed confidence on the part of the Extension programs public in the farm products we produce. and agency projects designed to improve farm income and all facets of rural life should be continued.

Democratic Platform

157

CORRECTIONAL. PROGRAMS:
Democratic leadership has given North Carolina a prison and correctional system that is generally recognized as one of the best in the nation. Emphasis within the prison system is placed on productive work, with increasing attention given to programs of
education, vocational training and counseling designed to return prison inmates to society as responsible, contributing citizens. This enlightened approach is equally evident in our juvenile correction programs and in the Probation Commission and Board of Paroles. We support the continuation of these policies.

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
development" as envisioned and promoted by Governor Dan Moore is moving North Carolina in the direction of the most beneficial use of all the State's resources to insure
of "total

The theme

economic progress. The goal of making every citizen productive and providing every citizen with an opportunity to benefit fully from his productivity must be maintained. The past year saw all-time records set in capital investments in new and expanded More than 37,000 new jobs were created and payrolls industry. increased by $137 million. There is every indication that 1966
will set

new

records.

More than 3,300 new business corporations were chartered in North Carolina during the past year and more than 400 foreign
corporations were added to the list authorized to do business in our state. Total resources in State-chartered banks rose above Greater harmony has been established in the area of $3 billion. public and private utilities than has been known in recent decades.
All of

these indications of sound progress should be sources

of pride for the political party that provided the leadership and vision which made them possible. But pride in past achievements,
at this critical

time in our history, must serve to instill, not combut a constantly new and vibrant awareness of the There is much that reresponsibility we have for the future. mains to be done. There are new challenges daily in every economic sphere. And each challenge is an opportunity for economic for a better way of life for the people of North Caroprogress lina. The great wealth of our state its people and its natural
placency,

—

—

State Senal

158

)istricts-1966

159

160

North Carolina Manual

resources- represents a potential that has only begun to develop. this potential and eagerly accepts the responsibility that it imposes.

The Democratic Party recognizes

EDUCATION:
economic and cultural development of North Carolina requires the full educational development of every citizen. The Democratic Party, because it is the party of the people and
totai

The

not the party of special privilege, has traditionally given strong support to the maximum extension of universal educational op-

Under Democratic leadership since the beginning of cause of education has flourished. The dream of Charles B. Aycock has become reality. Clearly, the Democratic Party is the "Education Party" in North Carolina. The public schools come first. Here the foundation for all
portunity.
this century, the

progress is laid. Strong support for public schools is essential. It will be continued and strengthened. The requirements of the age in which we live demand that we Toward this end, we place no limit on educational opportunity. have established a system of community colleges, technical institutes and industrial education centers to insure the availability

maximum development of must expand these facilities and increase our efforts to encourage our people to take advantage of them. Higher education completes the system of educational opportunity required for total development of our human and natural resources. Strong support will continue to be given to university and four-year college education.
of facilities offering opportunities for

individual skills.

We

K ! ACTION

LAWS:

of Elections and those dedicated men and every county of North Carolina who continue to administer fair, honest, and impartial elections throughout the broad election complex of over 2,100 precincts are, in fact, our greatest fundamental democratic freedom the right to vote. As Democrats, pledged by tradition to this basic freedom, we pledge to continue providing an enviable election process in this

The State Board
in

women

—

state.

their continuing

support the State and County Boards of Elections in work to preserve our free election process for present and future generations of North Carolinians.

We

Democratic Platform

161

We further commend the action of the Democrats in the 1965 General Assembly who provided the leadership for the establishment of an election law study commission charged with the responsibility
of recommending any alterations deemed necessary to insure the voting rights of
in
all

existing laws our people.

FISCAL AFFAIRS:
North Carolina
is

in excellent financial condition.

of the state are rated

highest rate available to state bonds. North Carolina's high and enviable reputation in fiscal affairs is due to the fact that sound business principles and fiscal integrity have been the basis of the state's policy for over 60
years. of all

AAA — the

The bonds

The prudent and sound management of this most basic governmental functions reflects credit on North Carolina Democrats of the past and present and represents a sacred trust to be passed on to future Democrats.

HERITAGE AND CULTURE:
The Democratic Party has traditionally supported the position that an understanding and appreciation of an individual's heritage
is

vitally important to that individual's capacity for appraising the present and contributing to the future. North Carolina has a great heritage. It should be preserved. North Carolina has a great capacity for cultural development.

should be pursued vigorously. esthetic reasons for steadily increasing attention to our heritage and our cultural development are sufficient unto themIt

The

selves.

there

But we live in a practical society and in this society a very definite application of practicality to the development of our heritage and culture. Tourism is our third most Increasing leisure time will bring larger productive industry.
is

of visitors to our state and will enable more of our own people to seek pleasure and inspiration in North Carolina's historical sites and cultural developments. The Democratic Party pledges increasing attention to activities in these areas.

number

HIGHWAYS:
Democratic Administrations in North Carolina have worked diligently down through the years to develop a highway system

162

North Carolina Manual

will meet the needs of the people by encouraging the expansion of commerce and industry and making travel as safe and convenient as possible for our own citizens and the increasing number of visitors who contribute substantially to the economy. Today, with funds from the $300 million road bond issue, the Appalachia Program and other State and Federal sources, highways are being constructed at an unprecedented rate. The Democratic Party pledges its continued support to all efforts to expand and improve our existing highway system

which

through the

fair

and equitable distribution and application

of

available funds.

HUMAN RELATIONS:
Traditionally, the Democratic Party supports the premise that society owes to every citizen the opportunity to progress to the

and talents. We subscribe furthe premise that this opportunity carries with it commensurate obligations and responsibilities. The proud progress registered in North Carolina in recent years in human relations reflects credit on all North Carolinians. That
limit of his individual interests
th< r to

progress must continue. Toward that end we commend the proof the North Carolina Good Neighbor Council and urge continued support for that program.

gram

pal

upon all County Boards of Commissioners and municiand boards to establish local Good Neighbor or Human Relations Councils to supplement the work of the State
call

We

councils

Council.

LABOR
We

:

pledge our continued support for

humane

labor laws, safe

and healthful working conditions, just Workmen's Compensation and an Unemployment Insurance Program that is fair and equitable to all concerned.

We
laws.

and employers the right

support laws guaranteeing employees the right-to-work to conduct their businesses under the In order to assure increased employment, industrial

schools and proper training for skilled labor will create better jobs resulting in a broadened and higher standard of living. We subscribe to the premise that "a laborer is worthy of his hire" and commend the Democratic General Assembly for having

Democratic Platform

163

made North Carolina the only State Minimum Wage Law for We recommend that North

state in the Southeast to enact a the protection of employees. Carolina's women be given equal

compensation for equal work, equal promotion for equal preparation, and we endorse the principle of equal responsibility for all employees performing work of comparable responsibility.

NATURAL. RESOURCES:
of North Carolina has traditionally supported the premise that, second only to its people, its natural These God-given resources, resources are its greatest asset. with which North Carolina is more than abundantly endowed, exist to benefit man. They are a sacred trust to be used profitably and equitably by each generation to the extent that the next generation is not denied the same benefits. With the steady increase in leisure time available to the average citizen, we must provide more opportunities for healthful outdoor recreation. The preservation of our wildlife resources is essential

The Democratic Party

to this effort.

In view of the fact that water is the best basic of all these natural resources, we propose that special attention be given at this time to methods of insuring the conservation and wise use of the state's water resources.

PUBLIC HEALTH:
As a state that has pioneered in the public health field, we advocate continued improvement of public health services through close cooperation of local, state and federal agencies to insure adequate protection for all North Carolinians. Recognizing the growth of our population, the outstanding public health program now established in North Carolina must be carried forward to decrease the infant mortality rate and reduce maternal deaths. We must deal effectively with chronic We must continue disease and environmental health factors. educational activities in all areas where such activities have
proven to be effective health measures. The 1965 Democratic General Assembly is to be commended on its positive efforts to confront the tragic disease of alcoholism. We urge continued attention to this problem and pledge the support of the Democratic Party in those efforts.

164

North Carolina Manual

North Carolina has pioneered! in the development and maintenance of an effective mental health program. The Democratic Party, with pride in its past contributions in this field, offers its
pledge of continuing support.

SENIOR CITIZENS:
The record
of the

Democratic Party speaks eloquently for

its

firm belief that the senior citizen occupies a vital position in the feel economic, social and cultural development of the state.

We

strongly that the knowledge, experience and talents of these individuals must be exploited fully, and we urge that the 1967 General Assembly give particular attention to the most beneficial We further pledge continuing support use of this great asset. for the various agencies with responsibilities in areas affecting,
directly or indirectly, the senior citizen.

TRAFFIC SAFETY:
on our streets and highNorth Carolinian. It is a particular challenge ro the Democratic Party and tne leadership it has proUnder the courageous insistence of Governor vided our state. Moore, the challenge is being met. The 1965 General Assembly moved positively in the direction needed to combat this tragic situation. Its action in establishing new laws, programs and agencies to promote traffic safety reflected credit on every member of the Legislature and every

The tragic loss of ways is a challenge

life

due

to accidents

to every

citizen

who supported

those actions.

feels strongly that this is a problem which transcends all political considerations and is deserving of We believe the key the full support of all North Carolinians.
traffic safety is sound, balanced, imaginative, action by public officials with the courage to lead. our support to that leadership.

The Democratic Party

to

cooperative We pledge

VETERANS:
With increasing number of North Carolinians acquiring the status of veteran through courageous service of Viet Nam, it is
particularly important that continuing support be given to those agencies whose responsibilities relate to veterans and the widows and orphans of veterans.

Democratic Platfokm

165

TAXATION:
North Carolina remains at one of the nation's lowest levels of combined state and local taxation per capita and at the same time offers public service programs which continually rate national attention. We advocate continued emphasis on the businesslike, economical administration of government; a tax structure that equitably distributes the cost of services required from government; increased personal exemptions, if economic conditions warrant, to correspond with federal income tax exemptions, and just and firm administration of the tax laws of the state. The Democratic Party opposes and will work diligently to prevent an increase in state taxes.

WELFARE:
that the prevention and alleviation of poverty are legitimate concerns of government, and as

The Democratic Party recognizes

such merit action, not by public welfare alone, but by the entire community. The effectiveness of this effort at both the community and state level, and the extent to which this concern is translated into reality, have marked bearing on the total devel-

opment
fare

of the state.

In

acknowledgement

cratic Party pledges continuing interest in

of this fact, the Demoand support for wel-

programs with special attention given those programs designed to help people help themselves.

NATIONAL AFFAIRS:
Democratic administrations have benefitted the people of North Carolina with able, dedicated leadership. A close working relationship between administrations at the state and national levels
is essential to the continuation of these benefits. Toward this end, we encourage continued cooperation with the Democratic National Committee and support for the National Administration.

At

this

time of

crises,

when freedom

is

threatened on

many

fronts throughout the world, we particularly commend the President for his courage in maintaining this nation's commitment in

Viet

the confusion, indifference, uncertainty and lack of national purpose that characterized Republican administrations of the past, we unhesitatingly pledge our support for all nominees
of the Democratic Partv.

Nam. Remembering

Democratic Platform

167

SUMMARY
The North Carolina Democratic Party
1.

for 1966:

Will expand its support for, and encourage greater activity on the part of all organizations within the Democratic Party.
Will continue
its

2.

policy of supporting fair treatment
officials

and just

compensation for public
.5.

and employees.

Will use every means at its command to insure positive programs designed to stabilize the agricultural community and increase farm income. Will continue support for the enlightened approach to correctional programs at the state level.

4.

5.

Recognizes the continuing and complex challenge that faces North Carolina in its effort to use all of its people and resources to bring more abundance to its people.

6.

Endorsed Governor Dan Moore's concept that attention to total development is the most effective approach to economic
progress.

7.

Holds
to

to its traditional

position that education

is

prosperity and pledges an untiring effort expanding and improving the educational system in North Carolina.
8.

to

the key continue

at all levels

Will support all efforts to insure the sacred right of every citizen to participate in the election of public officials.

9.

Will maintain

fiscal stability of

the state.

10.

Will actively promote an appreciation of our heritage and the availability of cultural activities and facilities.
Will continue to build highways throughout North Carolina on a basis of need.

11.

12.

Will employ every
safety.

means

at our disposal to

promote

traffic

13.

We commend

the program of the North Carolina Good and we urge its continued support and Council Neighbor cooperation from our people throughout the state.

1C8

North Carolina Manual
Will continue support for efforts to develop fully the skills and insure that citizen of job opportunities

14.

of each citizen
at fair 15.

wages.

Recognizes natural resources as a valuable asset and pledges the conservation and most beneficial use of those resources.

16.

Urges that particular attention be given, water resources.

at

this

time,

to

17.

Pledges the maintenance of an effective public health system with increasing attention given to alcoholism and mental
health.

Favors increased tax exemptions where feasible and opposes an increase in state tax.
Recognizes the need for welfare programs and lends particular support to programs which help people help themselves.
Pledges support for
all

20.

21.
2 2.

Democratic nominees.

Commends
Nam.

the President on his action with regard to Viet

PLAN OF ORGANIZATION OF DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF NORTH CAROLINA
ARTICLE
Precinct Committee:
I

PRECINCT ORGANIZATION
Section
1.

The unit of party organization shall be the voting precinct. In each precinct there shall be an executive committee consisting of five active Democrats, who reside full time in the precinct, at least two of whom shall be women and at least two of whom shall be men, who should be present when elected by the Democratic voters of said precinct at the precinct meeting called by the Chairman of the County Executive Committee as provided in this plan of organization. The precinct committee so elected shall elect from its membership a Chairman and Vice Chairman, one of whom shall be a woman and the other of whom shall be a man, and a SecretaryTreasurer, provided, however, the Chairman and Vice Chairman shall not be from the same immediate family.
Section 2.

Precinct Meeting:

of the precinct

shall be presided over by the chairman committee, but in his absence, the vice chairman of the committee shall preside, and in the absence of both the chairman and the vice chairman, any member of the committee

The precinct meetings

may

preside.

Section 3.

Quorum:

than

for any precinct meeting shall consist of not less In the event a registered Democrats in such precinct. quorum is not present the precinct chairman shall notify the Chairman of the County Executive Committee who shall call a second meeting. If the second meeting shall fail for lack of a
five

A quorum

quorum, the
all

officers of the

County Executive Committee

shall

fill

vacancies.

Section 4.

Election of Delegates:

At the precinct meeting called for that purpose the Democratic voters in attendance shall elect delegates and alternates to represent the precinct in the county convention; and said delegates or
169

ORGANIZATION DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF NORTH CAROLINA
PRECINCT PRECINCT PRECINCT

COMMITTEE

CHAIRMAN AN VICE CHAIRMA

Delegates

COUNTY CONVENTION

COUNTY
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Deleqates

STATE CONVENTION

/

CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE

/
/
CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE
STATE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

/

/
/

/
JUDICIAL

STATE

/

COMMITTEE

CHAIRMAN

SECRETARY FINANCE DIR

!i

TREASURER
EXEC. DIR.

SOLICITORIAL

STATE
VICE

COMMITTEE

CHAIRMAN

SENATORIAL COMMITTEE

NAT'L.

COMMITTEEMAN
NAT'L.

COMMITTEEWOMAN
170

Plan of Organization

171

alternates, or such of them as shall attend the county convention, shall be entitled to vote the full strength of their precinct upon

questions, nominations, or elections which may come before The chairman, or presiding officer, and the county convention. the secretary of the precinct meeting shall certify to the county convention the names of the delegates and alternates selected at
all

the meeting.

Section 5.

Business Permitted:

if requested, a vote shall be taken on the different questions, nominations, and elections anticipated to come before the county convention, and in that event, the chairman or presiding officer and the secretary of the precinct meeting shall certify to the county convention the vote so cast, and the

At every precinct meeting,

relative vote as fixed in the precinct
in the

meeting shall not be changed county convention, except by two-thirds vote of the entire unit of delegates desiring to change its vote.
Section 6.

Failure to Hold Meeting:

In case there shall be a failure to hold a precinct meeting in pursuance of the call of the chairman of the county executive committee, or if at any meeting there shall be a failure to elect delegates to the county convention, in either event, the precinct executive committee shall appoint the delegates and alternates from the Democratic voters of the precinct. In the event there shall be a failure to elect a precinct committee prior to the day of the County Convention the County Executive Committee at its meeting on the day of the County Convention may appoint both the precinct committee and the delegates to the said convention.

Section

Representation: shall be entitled to cast in the county convention one vote for every 50 Democratic votes or major fraction thereof cast by the precinct for the Democratic gubernatorial candidate at the last preceding gubernatorial election; provided that each precinct shall be entitled to cast at least two votes in the county convention. The County Executive Committee may, by resolution duly adopted, require each Precinct to appoint two delegates and two alternates for each vote to which said precinct may be entitled in

7.

Each precinct

the County Convention.

172

North Carolina Manual
Removal
of Ofi'icers

Section 8.

and Committeemen:

Any precinct Chairman, Vice Chairman or Committeeman, or Committeewoman who gives support to, aids, or helps any opposing political party or candidate of any other political party, or who refuses or fails to perform his duties in organizing his precinct, or

who

is

shall be

removed from

convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude, office in the following manner:

(1). A complaint setting forth full details and duly verified shall be filed with the Chairman of the County Executive Com-

mittee by three active Democrats as defined in this Plan of Organization registered in the county of the said officer or committeemember. The Chairman of the County Executive Committee shall upon approval of the other committee officers and after giving 5 days notice thereof, call a meeting of the County Executive Committee to hear the complaintant, the alleged offender and any other interested parties or witnesses. A two-third vote of those members present and voting shall be necessary to remove a precinct officer or committeemember. The decision of the County Executive Committee shall be final.
(2). When a vacancy exists because of removal for cause, the vacancy shall be filled by the remaining members of the precinct executive committee at a duly called meeting by the Chairman of the County Executive Committee. Notice of the filling of such vacancy shall be given to the chairman of the County Executive Committee. If the vacancy is not filled within ten days, the Chairman of the County Executive Committee within ten days thereafter shall call a meeting of the officers of the County Execu-

Committee who shall fill the vacancy. The Chairman of the County Executive Committee shall cause a full detailed account of any removal and replacement to be filed with the Chairman of the State Executive Committee.
tive

ARTICLE

II

COUNTY ORGANIZATION
1. County Executive Committee: The Chairman and the Vice Chairman of the several precinct committees, the immediate past chairman of the County Execu-

Section

tive

Committee, the President of the duly organized Democratic

Plan of Organization

173

Women's Club within a county and the President of the duly organized county Young Democratic Club within the county shall
compose the county Executive Committee; provided that where more than one Young Democratic Club or Democratic Women's
Club exists within a county, the several clubs shall together elect one representative on the Executive Committee with each club having a vote in proportion to the ratio of its membership to the The county Executive total membership of the combined clubs. Committee shall meet on the same day as the county convention first held in each election year, the meeting to be held either before or after the convention at an hour and place to be designated At said meeting a chairman of said county in the call therefor. executive committee shall be elected. Immediately after the election of the chairman, the committee shall elect one or more, but not exceeding three, vice chairmen, a secretary and a treasurer. If more than one vice chairman shall be elected the order of their successsion shall be designated by title, e.g., first vice chairman, second vice chairman, third vice chairman. Either the chairman or the first vice chairman shall be a woman, and the other The chairman, vice chairman or vice chairmen, shall be a man. secretary and treasurer need not be members of the County Executive Committee, but all of said officers shall be ex-officio members of the committee, with the power to vote; however, at any organizational meeting of said County Executive Committee said ex-officio members shall not have the power to vote. Should any precinct official be elected to any county organizational office or other office entitling him or her to membership on the county Executive Committee, he or she automatically vacates the precinct
office.

for any reason there should occur any vacancy in the chairmanship of the County Executive Committee, by death, resignathen tion, or removal, or is such chairman should be incapacitated, the remaining chairman to such by notice signed written a upon officers of the County Executive Committee, the vice chairman or
If

vice chairmen, in their order of succession, and thereafter the secwith full authretary, shall, in such order of succession, be vested said County ority and power of the chairman until such time as Executive Committee has met and duly elected a successor to such

chairman.

When

the County Executive Committee

is

not in session, the

174

Noktii

Carolina

Mam

\i

officers of the

County Executive Committee, presided over by the Chairman, shall act in the place of the County Executive Committee on all matters; unless this plan of organization states that action is to be by the entire County Executive Committee.
Section 2.

Additional Precinct Meetings:

In addition to the common day fixed by the State Executive Committee during election years, the Chairman of any County Executive Committee may issue a call between October 1st of any non-election year and March 1st in any election year for a meeting of the County Executive Committee and, in addition to any other business specified in the call, the said committee may adopt a resolution fixing a common day, times and places for

cinct committees; and tional meeting of the

the holding of precinct meetings for the purpose of electing prefix the day, time and place for the organizanewly elected County Executive Committee for the purpose of electing a chairman and other county officers.

The County Chairman shall immediately issue a call in writing at least 10 days before the day set for the said precinct meetings. This call shall be posted at the court house door of the county and media copies thereof shall be sent as a news item to each news
published in the county.

Any precinct meeting provided in this section shall be held more than two weeks before the common day fixed by the State Executive Committee.
Section 3.

Duties of Officers:

The duties of the County Executive Officers shall be: (1). The chairman shall be responsible for the organization

of

the county on all levels, including calling of all meetings, holding of political instruction classes for precinct executive committees, obtaining all materials necessary for the proper function of his duties and doing all other things necessary for the proper carrying out of the best interest of the party.
of the vice chairmen shall be responsible for the oractivities of the women members of the County and ganization Executive Committee and the women's activities in behalf of the Democratic Party in the said county, subject to the direction of the chairman of the County Executive Committee.

(2).

One

Plan of Organization

175

(3). The other vice chairman of the County Executive Committee shall have such duties and responsibilities as may be assigned by the chairman. (4). The secretary shall have the duty and responsibility of keeping all records of the County Executive Committee, including

attendance at

all meetings, of issuing all notices, preparing all correspondence, and any other duties that may be assigned to him by the said chairman. (5). The treasurer shall have the duty of raising all money required for the operation of the activities of the Democratic Party, keep records of all money received and expended in behalf of

the Party and forward a list of all donors and expenses to the The treasurer shall of the State Executive Committee. also submit any and all reports as required by the law of the fi-

Chairman

nances of the County Executive Committee.

Board of Elections: The chairman of the Executive Committee in each county shall, before submitting to the State Chairman recommendations for the Democratic members of the County Board of Elections in such county, call a meeting of the County Executive Committee and submit such recommendations for the approval of the executive committee and only when such recommendations are approved by a majority of the committee members present shall same be submitted to the State Chairman by the county chairman. The time of such meeting of the respective county executive committees for the purpose of passing on such recommendations shall be
Section 4.
fixed

by the State Chairman.

or officer of a County Executive Committee shall be eligible to serve as a member of a County Board of Elections, nor as a precinct registrar or judge of elections.

No member

Section 5.

Rules:
shall

The county executive committee

have power

to

make any

rules with regard to the holding of precinct meetings which it may deem proper, not inconsistent with the rules prescribed in this plan; it shall be the duty of said committee to prepare and furnish all forms and blanks needed in making the returns from
said precinct meetings, and any reported challenges and appeals therefrom; and it shall have the power to raise the funds necessary to pay for the expenses thereof.

176

North Carolina Manual

The secretary of the County Executive Committee shall forward a copy of each precinct organization and the officers of the County Organization to the chairman of the State Executive Committee.
Section C.

Removal
to,

of

County

Officers:

Any

officer of the

gives support

aids,

County Democratic Executive Committee who or helps any opposing political party or

candidate of any other political party, or who refuses or fails to perform his duties in organizing his county, or who is convicted of a crime involving moral turpitude, shall be removed from office in the following manner:
(1). A complaint setting forth full details and duly verified shall be filed with the Chairman of the State Executive Committee

by three active Democrats as defined by this Plan of Organization The chairman of the State Executive registered in the county. Committee shall upon the approval of the other committee officers, after giving five days notice thereof, call a meeting of the State Executive Committee to hear the complaintant, the alleged offender and any other interested parties or witnesses. A two-thirds vote of those members present and voting shall be necessary to remove a county officer. The decision of the State Executive Committee shall be final.
(2). When a vacancy exists because of removal for cause, the vacancy shall be filled by the remaining members of the County Executive Committee at a duly called meeting of that committee.

ARTICLE

III

SECTIONAL, ORGANIZATION
Section
1.

Congressional District Executive Committees:

District Executive Committee for each congressional district in the State shall consist of two members from each county in said district who shall be elected at the prelimi-

The Congressional

nary meeting of delegates from the congressional districts held on the morning of the State Convention; provided, however, that in any congressional district embracing less than five counties, the committee shall consist of three members from each county
in the district.

the State shall consist of two members from each county in said district, who shall be elected at the preliminary meetings of delegates from the congressional districts held on the morning
district

of the State Convention; provided, however that in any judicial embracing less than five counties, the committee shall

consist of three

members from each county

in the district.

Section 3.

Solicitorial District Executive

The

Solicitorial

District Executive

torial district in the State shall

Committee: Committee for each soliciconsist of two members from each

county in said district, who shall be elected at the preliminary meetings of delegates from the congressional districts held on the morning of the State Convention; provided, however, that in any solicitorial district embracing less than five counties, the committee shall consist of three members from each county in the
district.

Section 4.

State Senatorial District Executive Committee:
District Executive

Committee for each senwhich comprises more than one county shall consist of one member from each county in said district, who shall be elected at the preliminary meetings of delegates from the congressional districts held on the morning of the State Convention. In districts composed of only one county, the County Executive Committee of said county shall have jurisdiction as in the

The State Senatorial

atorial district in the State

matter of county candidates.
Section 5.
It shall

Appointment of Chairmen and Secretaries:

be the duty of the Chairman of the State Executive Committee, as soon as practicable after the State Convention, to appoint one member as chairman and one member as secretary of each of the committees provided in each of the foregoing four sections and fill by appointment any vacancies in the chairmanship or secretaryship thereof as may occur.

One County Districts: Should any Judicial, Solicitorial or State Senatorial District be composed of only one county then the County Executive ComSection 6.

L7S

North Carolina Manual

mittee of said county shall be the Judicial, Solicitorial or State Senatorial District Committee for the respective district.
Section
In
7.

Rotation of State Senators:

State Senatorial Districts composed of more than one county which it has been the custom to concede the right to nominate a si nator to one county of the district by a plan of rotation or otherwise, the same shall remain in lull force and effect until
all

terminated as herein provided.

The executive committees of the several counties composing such Senatorial District may hereafter adopt a plan for the nomination of candidates for the State Senate by one or more counties composing such district, but such plan shall not be effective until the executive committee of each of the counties composing the district shall, by a majority vote, approve such plan and file with the chairman of the State Executive Committee a copy of the resolution approving the same. The agreement in any senatorial district composed of only two counties may be terminated by a majority vote of the county executive committee of any one of the counties and in districts of more than two counties by a majority vote of each of the executive committees of at least two counties, provided that notice of the termination of such agreement must be filed with the chairman of the State Executive Committee at least 120 days in advance of the date of the primary election at which the candidates for the General Assembly are to be nomiThe chairman of the State Executive Committee shall nated. promptly notify the State Board of Elections of all such agreements and of the termination thereof.

ARTICLE IV

STATE ORGANIZATION
Section
1. State Executive Committee: The State Democratic Executive Committee men and nine women from each congressional

shall consist of nine
district in the State,

shall be elected at the preliminary meetings of delegates from the congressional districts, held on the morning of the State Convention as provided in Section 2, Article VI, provided, however, that each county shall have at least one member on the Committee.

who

Plan of Organization
Section 2.

179

Election of Officers:

As early as is practical after each State Convention herein provided, the Chairman shall call the State Executive Committee to meet for the purpose of electing a Chairman and Vice Chairman, one of whom shall be a woman and the other a man, and each of whom shall serve for a term of two years, or until his or her suscessor shall be elected.

Section 3.

Appointive Officers and Committees:

of the State Executive Committee, as early as practicable after his election shall appoint to serve at his pleasure a full time Executive Director, a Secretary, a Financial Director and a Treasurer. The chairman may combine any of two of the

The Chairman

above

officers into one.

Section 4.

Ex-Officio

Members:

The officers of the State Executive Committee, the National Committeeman, the National Commiteewoman and the President, National Committeeman and National Committeewoman of the Young Democratic Clubs of the State shall be ex-officio members with the power to vote, provided, however, the Executive Director shall have no vote at any Executive Committee Meeting.
Section 5.

Convention Calls:

In each election year the chairman of the State Executive Committee shall convene said Committee in the City of Raleigh on or before the 15th day of January and at said meeting the following business shall be transacted:
(1). The time and place of holding the State Convention shall be determined and duly published.

(2). A common day shall be fixed, on which all precinct meetings shall be held for the election of delegates to the county conventions. (3). A common day shall be fixed for the holding of a county convention in each county in the State for the purpose of electing delegates to the State Convention.
(4). Elect one member from each Congressional District to the Resolutions and Platform Committee. It shall be the duty of the

180

North Carolina Manual

of the State Executive Committee to designate one member of said Committee as Chairman and one member as Secretary. The Committee upon call of the Chairman shall organize and prepare the Party's proposed platform and consider all proposed res-

Chairman

olutions addressed to the convention.

Section

6.

Notices:

Immediately after the adjournment of the above mentioned meeting of the State Executive Committee, it shall be the duty of the chairman to publish the proceedings of the same and it shall be the duty of the secretary of the committee to notify, in writing, the several chairmen of the County Executive Committees in the State of the respective dates so fixed for the holding of precinct meetings and county conventions. Directly after receipt of such notice it shall be the duty of each chairman of a County Executive Committee in the State to fix the hour and places for holding the precinct meetings in his county, the hour and place for holding the meeting of the County Executive Committee required to be held on the date of the county convention; and thereupon the said chairman shall issue a call for the precinct meetings, the county convention, and the meeting of the County Executive Committee. The call shall be in writing and, at least ten days before the day
set for the precinct meetings.
It

shall be posted at the court-

house door of the county and copies thereof shall be sent to the chairmen of all precinct committees in the county for conspicuous posting in each precinct; a copy of the call also shall be sent as a news item to each news media published in the county.
Section
7.

State

Campaign Committee:

As soon as is Chairman shall

call

practical after each State Convention, the State the County Chairmen and First Vice Chair-

men

in each of the Congressional Districts to meet for the purpose of electing two members of a State Campaign Committee from such Congressional District, one of whom shall be a man

and one

of whom shall be a woman; provided, however, no ber of this committee shall hold any other party office.

mem-

Section 8.

Duties of State Campaign Committee:
shall be a

The State Chairman
mittee, shall serve as

member

ex-officio of this

com-

its

chairman, and this committee shall prom-

Plan op Organization

181

ulgate and co-ordinate party activities in all counties and diswith State Headquarters under the direction of and in cooperation with the State Chairman.
tricts

Section 9.

Audit Committee:

The State Executive Committee shall appoint a committee of three whose duty it shall be to audit, not less frequently than biennially, the financial accounts and balances of the Committee.

ARTICLE

V.

COUNTY CONVENTIONS
Section
1.

Meeting:

All county conventions shall be called to order by the chairman of the executive committee of such county, and in his absence,

by the vice chairman or by one of the vice chairmen
of succession and in his or their absence, by any

in the

order
of the

member

county executive committee who may be present at the convention, and in case none of the foregoing persons shall be present, then by any delegate to the convention, and he shall preside until a permanent chairman is elected by the convention.
Section 2.

Rules:

(1). The chairman shall provide the convention with a sufficient number of secretaries or accountants, who shall reduce the

votes to decimals and tabulate the same, disregarding all fractions after second or hundredth column.
(2). Nothing herein contained shall prevent the convention from making nomination by viva voce or acclamation where a vote by township or precinct is not demanded by any delegate present. (3). The County Executive Committee shall have the power to make such other rules and regulations for the holding of county

conventions not inconsistent herewith, as sary or expedient.
Section 3.

may

be

deemed

neces-

Voting:

shall be entitled to cast in the county convention one vote for every 50 Democratic votes or major fraction thereof cast by the precinct for Governor at the last preceding guberna-

Each precinct

L82

North Carolina Manual

torial election;

cast at least

provided that every precinct shall be entitled to votes in the county convention, and each precinct may appoint as many delegates to said convention as it may see fit, not exceeding three delegates and three alternates for each
2

vote to which said precinct
tion.

may

be entitled in the county conven-

The County Executive Committee may, by resolution duly adopted, require each Precinct to appoint two delegates and two alternates for each vote to which said precinct may be entitled in the County Convention.
Section 4.

Nomination Convention Where County Not Under Primary Law:

In all counties in which the selection of candidates for members of the General Assembly and county and township offices is not provided for by the primary law, nominations shall be made in the following manner:
shall meet and set a time county convention for the nomination of candidates for the aforesaid offices, and shall also set the time and places for holding the necessary preliminary precinct meetings, and thereupon the chairman of the county executive committee shall issue a call for the precinct meetings and the county convention, notice of which call shall be sent to the precinct officials and published in such manner and form as shall be directed by the said county executive committee.

(1)

The couuty executive committee
for holding a

and place

(2). At the meeting held in each precinct in pursuance of said notice, delegates and alternates to represent it in the county convention shall be elected from the body of the Democratic voters
of the precinct; and said delegates or alternates, or such of them as shall attend the county convention shall be entitled to vote the
full Democratic strength of their precinct in the nomination of candidates and upon all questions which may come before said county convention.
If there is a failure to hold a precinct meeting in pursuance of said notice, or if said meeting shall fail to elect delegates to represent it in said convention, the precinct executive committee shall appoint delegates and alternates from the Democratic voters of

the precinct.

Plan op Organization

183

(3). Each precinct shall be entitled to cast in the county convention one vote for every 50 Democratic votes, or a major fraction thereof cast by the precinct for Governor at the last preceding gubernatorial election; provided that every precinct shall be entitled to cast at least 2 votes in the county convention, and each precinct may appoint as many delegates to said convention as it may see fit, not exceeding three delegates and three alternates for each vote to which said precinct may be entitled in the county convention. The County Executive Committee may, by resolution duly adopted, require each Precinct to appoint two delegates and two alternates for each vote to which said precinct may be entitled in the County Convention.

of the committee shall preside, and in the absence of both the chairman and vice chairman, any member of the committee

man man may

(4). The precinct meetings shall be presided over by the chairof the precinct committee, but in his absence, the vice chair-

preside.

(5). The county executive committee shall have power to make any rules with regard to holding precinct meetings which it may

deem
plan;

proper, not inconsistent with the rules prescribed in this shall be the duty of said committee to prepare and furnish all forms and blanks needed in making the returns from said precinct meetings, and any reported challenges and appeals therefrom.
it

ARTICLE

VI.

STATE CONVENTIONS
Section
1.

Delegates:

shall be composed of delegates appointed by the several county conventions. Each county in the State shall be entitled to elect to the State Convention one delegate and one alternate for every 300 Democratic votes or major fraction thereof cast therein for Governor at the last preceding gubernatorial
election.

The State convention

Congressional District Meetings: preliminary meeting of the delegates shall be held by each congressional district on the morning of the State Convention, at

Section 2.

A

184

Xiiktii

Cakolina Manual

rooms

to be designated by the State Executive Committee, Cor the purpose of selecting the following: (1). Elect one member of the committee on Permanent Organization, Rules, and Order of Business, which committee will nom-

inate a
(2).

permanent president and secretary

of the convention.

Elect one vice president of the convention.

(3). Elect one district assistant secretary.
(4).

Elect one

member

of the

committee on Credentials and

Appeals.
Elect nine men and nine women as members of the State (5). Executive Committee, with at least one member being selected from each county. (6). Elect two members from each county for the Congressional, Judicial, and Solicitorial District Executive Committees; provided, however, in districts embracing less than five counties, three members of each said committee shall be elected from each county in said district.
(7). Elect one member for each county of the State Senatorial Executive Committee where the district embraces more than one

county.
(8). In each Presidential election year nominate the number of delegates and alternates allotted by the National Committee to each Congressional District. (9). In each Presidential Election Year nominate one Presidential Elector for each Congressional District.

Section 3.

Delegates to National
Electors:

Convention and President ial
Nathe the are

(1). The State Convention shall elect the delegates to the tional Convention who shall convene promptly at the call of National Committeeman after their election and nominate National Committee representatives and such other officers as

required by the Democratic National Committee. (2). The State Convention shall confirm the nominations for Presidential Electors certified by the several districts and, in addition thereto, shall nominate two Presidential Electors at Large.
Section 4.
(

Rules:
of absent delegates), as

1

).

Such delegates (or alternates

may

Plan of Organization
be present at any State Convention shall be allowed whole vote to which their county may be entitled.
to cast

185
the

is cast,

(2). In all conventions provided for by this plan, after a vote there shall be no change in such vote until after the roll

completed and before the final result of the ballot shall be announced by the chairman of said convention. (3). The chairman of the different county conventions shall certify the list of delegates and alternates to the State Convention, and a certified list of said delegates and alternates to the secretary of the State Executive Committee.
call is

of the State Executive Committee shall delegates and alternates from the several counties and transmit the same to the chairman of the State Convention.

(4).

The secretary

make up a

roll of all

(5). In all conventions an

election or a nomination
it

may

be

made by any

majority, even though

be a fraction of a vote.

(6). In all State Conventions it shall be the duty of the delegates from the several counties to choose one of their number chairman, whose name shall be reported to the president of such convention, and whose duty it shall be to cast the vote of his county as directed, and the vote as announced by him shall be recorded unless some delegate from that county shall challenge its accuracy, in which event it shall be the duty of the president of the convention to cause the roll of delegates from that county to be called, when the vote of such county shall be tabulated and recorded according to the response of its delegates; but in no event shall the vote of one county be challenged by a delegate from another county.

ARTICLE VII. MISCELLANEOUS
Section
All committees shall

man

of

Committee Meetings: meet as such times and places as the chairthe respective committee may from time to time appoint
1.

and designate
Section 2.

in the call.

Quorum:
quorum.

Thirty (30) per cent of the entire membership of any committee shall constitute a

186

North Carolina Manual
;$.

Section

Voting:

Proxy voting shall not be permitted in any executive committee meeting. A member of the State Executive Committee may designate a Democrat in good standing from within his county to serve as his alternate for a particular Executive Committee meeting by director of notifying the party chairman, secretary or executive such designation in writing prior to the call to order of any such meeting, provided however, that no one person may serve as an
alternate for more than one member at any meeting and no ber or alternate may be entitled to more than one vote.

mem-

Section 4.

Vacancies:
in

Vacancies occurring

any Executive Committee above the pre-

cinct level shall be filled by the executive committee of the county Vacancies occuring in any prein which such vacancies occur. cinct committee shall be filled by the remaining members of the

precinct committee.

Section 5.

Candidates in Primary:

of any Executive Committee, precinct, county, or officer or thereof, who announces his candidacy for an any state, elective office in the primary shall resign immediately his party as heretofore office, and the vacancy shall be filled within 15 days

Any member

provided.

Section 6.

Sub-Committees:

committees shall have the power to appoint subcommittees or special committees for such purposes and with such powers in their respective jurisdictions, as may be deemed necesAll executive

sary or desirable.
Section 7.
Filling Vacancies
filled

Among

Candidates:

Vacancies shall be

among

candidates, and the selection

of candidates shall be as prescribed by statute.

Section 8.

Municipal Committee:

In the nomination of candidates for municipal offices to be voted for in any town or city election, where the same is not controlled

by charter or legislative enactment, a municipal executive com-

Plan of Organization
iuittee

187

may be created for the purpose of facilitating the orderly The committee shall be composed selection of such candidates. of five residents of the municipality, at least two of whom shall
be

men and two

of

whom

shall be

women,

to be elected biennially

meeting of all members of the regular executive committee or committees who reside in the municipality, the meeting to be called and presided over by the chairman of the county executive committee. It shall be the sole function of any municipal executive committee created under the provisions of this section to supervise and direct the selection of candidates for municipal offices, and to that end, the committee may formulate such rules and regulations as may be deemed necessary, or practicable. The committee shall elect from its membership a chairman and vice chairman, one of whom shall be a woman and one of whom shall be a man; and all vacancies in membership shall be filled by the committee.
at a

Section 9.

Appeals:

of appeal shall lie from any subordinate committee or convention to the committee or convention next superior thereto, and in all county or state conventions appeals shall first be referred to the committee on Credentials and Appeals, or a special

The right

committee provided by the convention, and the findings and reports of such committee had before action thereon by the convention.

Section 10.

Reports:

It shall be the duty of the county executive committees and their chairmen to make such reports and furnish such information to the chairman of the State Executive Committee and chairmen of the several district committees as the said State and district chair-

men may

desire.

Section 11.

Definition:

"Active Democrat" is defined to mean a person who is registered to vote as a Democrat, and who, as a volunteer, takes part in party affairs, giving of his time and/or means to further the interest and efforts of the Democratic Party.

An

lss

North Carolina Manual
Plan-Vs-JLaw
:

Section 12.

where primaries are provided for by law, whether optional or mandatory, this plan or organization shall nevertheless be followed in all matters not inconsistent with such laws.
In the several counties of the State

Section 13.

General Rules:

Procedural or parliamentary questions not specifically covered by this plan or rules adopted pursuant to authority granted herein shall be governed by the provisions of Roberts Rules of Order.

ARTICLE
Section

VIII.

AMENDMENTS
1. Power to Amend: The State Executive Committee shall, at any regularly called meeting duly held, have power to amend this plan of organization. Any amendment adopted by the State Executive Committee including those herein contained shall be effective immediately and remain in effect until the same shall be repealed or amended by

action of the next State Convention. Any change in this plan of organization adopted by the State Executive Committee shall be presented to the next State Convention by the State Chairman for its action thereon.
*

*

*

*

*

the plan of organization of the Democratic party of North Carolina as adopted by the State Democratic Executive Committee, at a meeting held in the city of Raleigh on the 16th day of February, 1962.
is

The foregoing

BERT BENNETT
Chairman
As amended by the State Democratic Executive Committee at a meeting held in the City of Raleigh on the 15th day of January,
1964.

W. Lunsford Crew,
Chairman
REPRINTED BY

N C
J.

DEMOCRATIC EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
APRIL 1966
MELVILLE BRC'JGHTON.
JR.,

CHAIRMAN

COMMITTEES OF THE STATE DEMOCRATIC PARTY
(From
list furnished by Executive Director, State Democratic Executive Committee)

NATIONAL AFFAIRS
The present national Administration, and indeed the DemoParty itself, is marked, among other things, hy two extremely dangerous trends: One, an ever-increasing unwarranted centralization of power in the Federal Government; and two, an
cratic

utter disregard for financial responsibility in our national fiscal
affairs.

We ask only for the free opportunity to do things for ourselves and our country. This is a nation which has prospered in a climate of freedom which has permitted each individual to develop his maximum potential. We must move away from the deadening influence of paternalism and return to policies which stimulate and encourage individual incentive. Then, and only then, can our nation march forward to its greater destiny strong enough to discourage outside influences and sensitive to the welfare of all its citizens at home.

—

FISCAL INTEGRITY:
The national spiraling inflation created by the administration's domestic and international give-away program must be curbed The record of the by more responsible Republican leadership. present administration shows a continuing disregard for the importance of fiscal integrity in national affairs. We commend the efforts of Congressmen Charles R. Jonas and James T. Broyhill to stem the tide of irresponasible governmental spending, and we pledge our best to return them to Congress with others of like mind. This state needs more Republican Congressmen to help organize the Congress and direct its policies into channels more in line with the thinking of the people of North Carolina.
211

212

Nouth Carolina Manual

SECTION

14-B:

made by the Congressional prevent the repeal by the persent administration of Section 14-15 of the Taft-Hartley Act. Although supporting responsible unionism, we do not feel that compulsory unionism is in the best interest of the individual American laborer, the American labor movement, nor in the best interest.
the successful efforts
to

We commend

Republican leadership

FOREIGN AFFAIRS:

We regret the irresolution and lack of leadership displayed by the current administration in stemming Communist imperialism throughout the world, and in particular in Southeast Asia. Because of the indecisiveness of the present administration our international prestige is at its lowest ebb. and Communist aggression moves forward. We call upon our national leadership to let the interest and national safety of this country and the West be the polar star for the guidance of our foreign and policy pursue that policy with firmness and with strength.

—

STATE AFFAIRS
North Carolina possesses potential unexcelled by any of the other 49 states. That potential is the ability of our citizens. This state has been unable to utilize its potential because of the oneparty system of government exhibited by the Democratic Party When any political party is too long in power, it becomes primarily interested in its own perpetuation without primary regard to the best interest of the people. Our present low position among the states in education, health, welfare, income, etc. is proof of the results of the one-party system.
in the last 65 years.

PUBLIC EDUCATION
With
the
first

a firm conviction that an excellent educational system is prerequisite for representative government, and with

the belief that only educated citizens can preserve the liberties

Republican Platform

213

won for them at great cost by their forefathers, the Republican Party in North Carolina dedicates itself to the position that education is the most important function of State and Local Government in a free society.

We praise the dedication our teachers have shown under adNorth Carolina education programs rank verse circumstances. near the bottom in the nation in all categories. In spite of low ratings in education, the records tend to show that we rank near the top in per capita expenditures for education. It seems evident
that

we

are paying for

more education than our schools are

providing.

A comparison of the educational history of Republican States with that of Democrat States during the last 65 years points to the undeniable fact that Republican States lead the nation in the field of education, while Democrat States rank near the bottom in every evaluation of school standards. We pledge ourselves to the task of elevating North Carolina from the low educational
position she has occupied during 65 years of

Democrat
of

rule.

and The Republican Party favors a program teacher selection to attract and hold superior teachers. Instructors should be highly trained for the areas in which they teach. Teachers must be given time to teach and pupils time in which We support special programs for the exceptionally to learn. We favor more emphasis on talented and for the handicapped.
incentives

physical fitness in athletic programs, tator sports.

and

less attention to spec-

We propose to strengthen job security for those who teach our We feel that children by enacting teacher tenure legislation. this would remove political pressures from the classroom. We believe that students must attend classes regularly. Because the Democrat Party has been unwilling to accept the
responsibility for adequate truancy laws, there are approximately 70,000 boys and girls absent from the classrooms each day our

public schools are open.

Our Republican congressional candidates if elected would work for legislation allowing a certain percentage of the Federal Income Tax paid by the residents of North Carolina to be returned for education directly to the states to be used by the states
without anv federal control.

214

Nokth Carolina Manual
Carolina
Republicans,
realizing

North

the

urgent

need

for

more and better public school buildings and
the State return to the counties

15%

plants, propose that of sales and use tax collec-

tions to be used for this purpose. This program would eliminate expensive interest payments on bonds and would return some 20

million annually to the counties. lina would have one of the finest

Within 10 years North Caroif

not the finest school plant

systems

in

the nation.

The Republican Party is committeed to the principle that each generation should furnish adequate support for the training of its It is opposed to programs of deficit finance, which bind youth. future generations to relieve the present of its responsibilities. We pledge ourselves to efficient administration, maximum use of school facilities, and elimination of frills or waste in our educational system. We promise constant scrutiny of the entire educational system to the end that essentials be held in focus and the goal of an educated citizenry be realized.

HIGHER EDUCATION
of our system higher education in keeping with the steady increase of population and growing complexity of modern society. We favor careful screening of applicants and high standards of performance by those enrolled at such schools.
of

The Republican Party favors continued expansion

We favor an expansion Center Program.

of

the

regional

Industrial

Training

Believing the Community College is a sound solution for those who want such an education as it affords, but are financially unable to bear the high cost in colleges and universities, we favor the careful location of Community Colleges so that all sections
of the state will be provided with this facility. favor better financial assistance from the State in capital outlay, especially in those sections where the indebtedness and tax rate will prohibit

We

the establishment of a

community

college without greater state

support.

We
tions

of

advocate allowing state supported colleges in diverse secthe state to offer masters degrees and doctorates in

Republican Platform

215

education in order that teachers may continue their work towards these degrees while they teach.

We

feel that, in

any expansion

of our

tion, the interests of the State's excellent private colleges

system of higher educashould

be given consideration.

The Republican Party feels that justice demands that the governing boards of all institutions of higher education be selected on a non-partisan basis.

LOCAL. CONTROL.

OF EDUCATION
will

Republican members of the 19 67 General Assembly

work

for legislation returning to the counties and cities control over Boards of Education either by direct vote of the people in non-

partisan elections or by appointment of the board by duly elected

county

officials.

ELECTION LAWS
the people of our State are to have improvements in their it will be a result of the Republican Party and After 65 years of Democrat rule the Republican Party alone. the State's election laws are still the delight of the unscrupulous politician, being filled with unjust provisions and handy loopIf

election laws,

holes.

As each session of the Democratically controlled legislature passes with only minimal changes in the election laws, it becomes more and more apparent to the people of the State that the hope for free and more honest elections lies with the Republican
Party alone.

The Republican Party reproves the party
nial failure to correct the

in

power for

its

bienIt

many

faults of its elections laws.

It circumvents any refuses to require periodic reregistration. actions to prevent ballot box abuses. It steadfastly upholds its In complete domination of the election boards at every level. some counties it refuses to allow the minority party to name its own judges. And in every respect it shows a continual lack of

concern for truly representative government,

216

Norte Carolina Manual
t<>

The Republican Party continues

advocate:

1. The transfer of the control of elections from the Democratic Party to a system of non-partisan boards of exercising a generally The election officials should, therefore, be judicial function. appointed with the understanding that they represent the State of North Carolina and not any political party.

There is no better reregistration. purging the registration books. A substantial number of the counties in North Carolina have not had a new registration in the last 12 years. The Republican Party advocates a complete reregistration every 8 years.
2.

A statewide periodic

way

of

3.

A modern
The repeal
in

registrant to sign his
4.

loose-leaf system of registration requiring each name when registering to vote.

tions

of the civilian absentee ballot law. The alteraabsentee ballot laws grudgingly adopted by the Democratic legislature have done little to dispell the abuses of

the

these provisions. The only means for completely eliminating the flagrant abuses of this law is to completely repeal the entire
section.
5. The removal of the so-called markers at each polling place. These markers no longer serve the function of assisting the voter in marking his ballot but instead help the unscrupulous politician

to control the ballot.
6.

The more widespread use
elections,

State sharing the cost.
in

of voting machines with the Voting machines would obviously result

more honest

eliminating the stuffed ballot boxes,

false

bottomed ballot boxes, marked ballots and similar frauds.

7. Requiring the voter to sign a poll book before voting. Such action would deter many from voting illegally.

8.

That Federal employees be prohibited from serving as

elec-

tion officials.

We think it reprehensible that the citizens of this State were required to resort to the courts for the elimination of the loyalty oath because the Democratic controlled legislature continually

Republican Platform
defeated Republican attempts to repeal
lature.

217

this oath

in

the legis-

The Republican Party endorses these and any improvement to would provide more honest and free All just and truly representative governments are elections. based on honest and free elections. It is upon these foundations
the election laws which
that the Republican Party bases
its goals.

REALIGNMENT OF SENATORIAL DISTRICTS
Since the present rule
is

that State legislative apportionment

must be based on the one-man one-vote theory, the Republican Party believes that the only way to completely comply with the rules is to have the only one-member Senate districts and onemember House districts. To accomplish full-compliance into single-member districts, and realignment after the next census should be by one-member districts.

CONGRESSIONAL REDISTRICTING
It will be the purpose of Republican representatives and senators to redistrict the Congressional districts of North Carolina on the basis of making the districts geographically compact as

far as

it is

possible without splitting counties.

'i

g

North C uoi

i\

\

M

intjai

GOVERNMENT TAXES AM) SPENDING
Wherever the citizen of North Carolina turns, he finds himself North Carolina is in the minority of faced with yet another tax. states thai levy both general sales and personal income taxes. Our sales tax rate is exceeded only by nine states. Our personal
income tax rate is exceeded by only six states. The rate at which we tax corporate income is exceeded in only two states. And our motor fuel tax ranks number one with the exception of Hawaii and Alaska. Per capita tax collections in North Carolina more have increased from $54.39 in 1950 to $130.32 in 1964 The average taxthan doubling over the fifteen year period. payer of North Carolina is clearly assuming an ever growing To be sure, some of this burden has been used to the burden. But the Republican Party of North benefit of the taxpayers.

—

Carolina maintains that the taxpayer

is

not receiving the maxi-

mum

benefit

from

his taxes.

The Republican Party believes that

the taxpayers not only have a right to know how their hard earned tax dollars are being spent, but also to receive maximum We maintain that the tax burden benefit from these tax dollars. on the average taxpayer can actually be decreased while the To these ends, the Republican benefits to him are increased.

Party makes the following proposals:
A.

Tax Revision
1.

Replace food tax with a normal tax on alcohol and
bacco.

to-

2.

Replace

15%

of

the sales

tax

counties, giving the counties

collected, back to the $20,000,000 per year for

school building purposes.
B.

Pax
1.

Reform

An Educational Trust Fund

will

the office of the State Treasurer.

be established within All revenue from the

general sales tax shall be placed in this trust fund and

The treasurer will be shall be used for education only. authorized to invest this money in short-term U. S. Government
securities or to deposit the

money

in

financial

North Carolina which are insured by The treasurer will an agency of the U. S. Government.
institutions within

Republican Platform

219

be required to give a short statement monthly and a full report biannually to each legislator on the condition of These statements and reports will inthe Trust Fund. clude such items as income expenditures, location of investments, and interest received on the Fund.

The enactment

of this proposal would bring about an increase in the benefits to the people of North Carolina without an increase in taxes. Although the general sales tax was enacted for the purpose of providing funds for education, a comparison of tax receipts and education expenditures indicates that about twenty per cent of sales

The is going for non-educational purposes. Educational Trust Fund would recover most or all of this twenty percent for the education of our children.
tax revenue
2.

Full-time students in an accredited college, university or vocational school shall be exempt from the state income tax while they are full time students. Part time students in accredited institutions who are taking courses

which improve their skills may deduct the expenses of such part time education from their taxable incomes

when computing
C.

their state

income

tax.

Expenditure Reforms
1.

2.

To provide a check on the majority party, the membership of the Advisory Budget Committee shall include a least two members of the minority party. Members of the press and public shall be allowed to be
I

present at

all

meetings of the Joint Appropriations Sub-

Committee.
3.

At the end of each session, the Legislature shall appoint a Comptroller General who shall have access to all information on present and proposed State finances, and who shall report periodically to the Legislature on the status of State Finances and on the formulation of the
State budget. These three proposals would
of the taxpayers to

make a know how their

reality of the right

tax

money

is

being

At the very least it would give the representaspent. tives of the people full access to this information.

220

North Carolina Manual
4.

surplus in State funds existing at the end of anyyear shall he used to retire a portion of the outstanding debt of the State. The only exception shall be funds in the Educational Trust fund.
fiscal

Any

5.

A commission

shall be established to make a study of the entire State tax structure and make suggestions for revamping the tax structure to provide a greater equity in

the tax system and the maximum The North Carolina tax system,
states,
to

benefit to the taxpayer.
like those of all
bit.

has been constructed bit by

Now

is

other the time

take the lead among the states and study our entire tax structure as a unit and to make reforms which will
give
benefit

business, labor, and the consumer the maximum from their tax dollars so they will have to bear

only a

minimum

tax burden.

CIVIL RIGHTS
are committed to the protection of rights and equal opporAmerican citizens. Particularly, we object to the current practice of the present administration of paying only lip-service to equal job opportunities and non-discriminatory hiring. However, we deplore the arbitrary and capricious methods by which the present national administration has withheld or threatened to withhold federal funds in order to achieve forced racial balance in various programs receiving federal assistance. To ignore the free choices of all citizens and to insist upon forced racial balance is insulting to members of all races.
tunities for all

We

EFFICIENCY

I\

STATE ADMINISTRATION
government we advocate
as do all other

In order to bring about better state the following:
1.

state governors
2.

The governor should have the power of veto and as does the president.
and hold capable persons.

State employees should be protected by civil service in order
to attract

o.

A

comptroller general should be appointed by the legislature to oversee the budget and be responsible only to the
legislature

Republican Platform
4.

221

The legislature should delegate authority to the counties and municipalities of this state in matters which are purely
of local concern, freeing the legislature to concern with pressing state matters.
itself

5.

study commission should be set up similar to the "Hoover Commission" to study each individual agency of the state with the prime purpose to see if by combining or abolishing agencies, a more effective use could be made of personnel and money while better serving our citizens.

A

STATE EMPLOYEES
The Republican Party commends the excellent service of State Employees who have done their jobs despite the undue burden of political pressure exerted by the Democrat Party. It has been and is the desire of the Republican Party to enhance the position and security of State Employees. Republicans in 1961, 1963, and 1965 sessions of the General Assembly sponsored and supported A politically free Civil Service System would elimilegislation. nate political servitude as it now exists and would allow State Employees to concentrate upon the productive work of their
office.

GRAFT AND CORRUPTION
After
65

years of control by the

Democrat Party, and the record
an intensive investi-

of corruption associated with it, it is time for gation of State practices and policies.

SECRECY

IN

GOVERNMENT
to

We
It
is

believe that

if

North Carolinians are

remain

free,

the

elected and appointed representatives of the people of North Carolina must be the major champions of the citizens rights.

reasonable to assume that as North Carolina grows in State government enlarges in corresponding size, scope, and power. Government, while seeking just and honorable goals, has become guilty of abuse of its powers. This has come about largely due to untended and unwatched affairs through secrecy in government.
population,

State Represei

222

Districts

-1966

;

224

Xokmi Carolina Manual

The Republican Party takes the position that no person, or group of persons, has the right to deny people the access to meetings and deliberations of any branch of their government. We further believe that the citizens of this state have the absolute and unqualified right to know all the facts concerning the a Hairs of their government.

We

oppose secret meetings of any Legislative Committee, and

Commission Board or Administrative Department.

We conclude that secrecy in government, if allowed to prevail, becomes an unconscious development that ends in a voluntary surrender of a free people escaping from freedom to one autocratic master.

ROADS AND HIGHWAY
The Republican Party has consistently advocated a non-partisan which insists on the appointments of professionally oriented Highway Commissioners and the hiring of personnel based on
policy

qualifications rather than political loyalty.

program of automobile inspections as a inadequate approach towards stemming the shocking highway fatality figures in our State. We would recommend more thorough studies of highway safety hazards, more consistent policies, a broader backing for our State
see the present
totally

We

Highway

Patrol,

and greater attention

to the overall condition of

our rural roads.

HIGHWAY SAFETY
There is no simple solution to the increasing slaughter upon our highways, but an effective state program dealing with every aspect of the problem is urgent. Increased emphasis upon driver education, both in our schools and adult clinics, and upon public information forums is essential in making our citizenry safety-conscious. Highway engineering and construction to eliminate locations of high accident frequency is a life-saver which cannot be delayed.

Above
ment

all,

to instill into

there should be vigorous and impartial law enforcelaw violators a healthy respect for the traffic

Republican Platform
laws.

225

Meddling with the State Highway Patrol for political reainexcusable whether on a local or gubernatorial level. The Republican Party condemns such political shenanigans in highway law enforcement and commits itself to a strict, impartial enforcement of our traffic laws.
sons
is

JUDICIARY
of justice in North Carolina has needed sensible modernization for many years. In the 1961 session of

The administration

General Assembly the unanimous support of Republican members resulted in the submission to the people of constitutional amendments to pave the way for court improvement. The people indicated by their overwhelming approval of these amendments that they wanted reform. The 1963 Session saw almost no
the

towards implementing of the approved amendments. There were even brags by some of the Democrat members of the Legislature that there would be no implementation. In 1964 the Republican Party pledged an all out effort to bring about uniformity of the lower court systems of North Carolina and the general updating of our court procedures in order to improve and expedite the administration of justice and in 19 65 appropriate The Democrats have demonstrated bad legislation was enacted. faith by opposing Republican sponsored legislation designed to allow open election of Judges in the District where they are to serve. The Republican Party will continue to advocate open and uninhibited election of Judges in this State by the people in the District where the Judge is to serve.
activity
I

SE OF STATE FACILITIES
of

BY THOSE ADVOCATING
is

OVERTHROW OF OUR GOVERNMENT
The Republican Party
North Carolina
unalterably opposed
to the use of State Buildings and facilities, as a forum, by persons or organizations known to advocate the overthrow of the

Constitution or Government of the United States or the State of

North Carolina by force or violence.

AGRICULTURE
The Republican Party has long held
diversification,

that minimal agricultural low per capita incomes and a declining rural popu-

126

North Carolina Manual

North Carolina farming. recognize the inevitable changes which will be reshaping our farm economy through increased technology and mechaniza-

lalion has accentuated the plight of

We

tion.

Therefore,

we recommend:

A.

Greatly expanded technical assistance to enable farmers to !ace rapidly changing methods of production.
Basic research through experimental stations which will open up new potentials in crop diversification.
Availability of reasonable long term finance needed mechanization.
capital

B.

('.

with which to

Further we
tion of local

related stale agencies to develop

emphasis should be exerted through all more processing and distribuagricultural production. We see no valid reason for
feel great

such high proportions of out-of-state agricultural products being imported to serve North Carolina markets.

CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT
We
ingly

believe

that

the

greatesl

single

indictment

against

our

present Conservation and

Development Department is the shocklow per capita income for the people of our state.

Standing ai 43rd among the 50 states, business economists have predicted it will take a half a century for North Carolina to catch up with the rest of the nation in per capita income at the
present rate of growth. We submit this to be the most acute economic problem of our state. Attracting industries which utilize comparatively unskilled and untrained labor contributes very little to our overall problem of low per capita income. We want to see more emphasis on developing industries which would afford higher incomes to

our state's wage earners

To this end, we recommend an immediate and sharply expanded boost to the Research Triangle. In addition, we recommend any other regionally placed sub-centers which might be needed for p icialized research, industrialization and development. Diversification of industry and more technical jobs created by these centers represent the two most logical approaches in attacking our states chronic problem of unemployment and under-employment.

Republican Platform

227

I/ABOK
The Republican Party commends the working men and women
North Carolina, who because of their efforts have raised their standard of living and improved their working conditions.
of

We strongly support the proposition that through free and honest elections the laboring people shall have opportunity to determine whether it is their desire to associate with a union or not. We do believe, however, that individuals, who after a properly conducted election have decided to be represented by a union who will be their bargaining agent, be given every opportunity to immediately begin bargaining with management.
minimum wage
While some progress has been made to establish a meaningful in North Carolina, we believe that additional steps
should be taken by the 19 67 General Assembly. We are of the opinion that the Republican Party should introduce and support legislation that would guarantee a $1.25 minimum wage in our state by January 1, 1968.

We further believe that the present North Carolina unemployment and working-man's compensation laws are in need of study and revision. We believe that a thorough study will show a need for a substantial increase in the unemployment and workmen's compensation benefits when compared to other progressive states

We therefore propose that the 1967 General Assembly undertake such a study to properly determine equitable and honorable workman's and unemployment compensation beneof this nation.
fits.

We believe that union leaders should set the example for proper and honest conduct in the organizing and governing of the labor movement and unions.
freely

Union members should at all times have the opportunity to and openly express themselves and vote on all matters

without fear of intimidation or reprisals against them or their We further believe that all matters pertaining to finances, dues, as well as all expenditures of union funds, should be freely and openly discussed and voted on by the entire membership; and that no monies be expended without the express will of the majority of the membership.
families.

228

North Carolina Manual

INTERNAL WATER RESOURCES
The Republican Party of North Carolina believes the need for conserving water is of such importance that water resources development should be put on a. par with agricultural and industrial development. While water problems in the State have not yel reached serious proportions, there are some developing areas whir, total water demands soon may exceed available supplies; and adequate water quality shortly may pose serious problems for the entire state. Thus, while there is still time to do so, the Republican Party of North Carolina advocates that increased emphasis be placed on fully developing water resources of the State to meet foreseeable State demands for decades to come.

We must immediately get down to the task of systematic planning for the best use of the State's water resources in an orderly and rational way.

HOME RULE
tion of

The Republican Party is alarmed by the increasing centralizapower in Raleigh and Washington. As an example, more

than one-half of the legislation enacted by the North Carolina General Assembly is local legislation not applicable to the state as a whole.

CONSTITUTIONAL.
The progress
of

REFORM

North Carolina should not continue to be hampered by an antiquated, out-moded state constitution adopted in L868 and cluttered with a hodge-podge of unrelated and confusing

amendments. The Republican Party advocates the

call

of a

Constitutional
to

Convention for the purpose of drafting and submitting
people a modern up-to-date constitution.

the

PURLIC HEALTH
health
a
a

The Republican Party knowing that sound physical and mental is of basic importance to the life and happiness of the

people realizes that this

is primarily an individual responsibility, local responsibility, a responsibility of charitable organizations, The Republican Party responsibility of the cities and counties.

Republican Platform
recognizes that
it

229

is

the responsibility of city, county, and state

safeguard public health in areas beyond the power of the individual citizen and therefore it pledges itself to discharge this obligation and responsibility with maximum efficiency and minimum interference with the liberties of the people, and to spend the people's money with as much care as if it were all our own. We pledge our best efforts in making North Carolina's health environment the safest in which to live, work, and play. More specifically, we pledge ourselves to give immediate attention to solving the following important problems:

government

to

1.

Pollution of water,

soil,

and

air.

Growing population and

industrial expansion has aggravated existing wide spread pollution of streams and water supplies by human and industrial wastes.

Overloaded and outmoded sewage

dis-

posal facilities, and inadequate water purification facilities in many locations have created in many areas situations of great and increasing danger to the health of the people.

Immediate correction of these conditions, with intelligence and imagination is imperative. A farseeing, coordinated
statewide plan, in cooperation with analogous projects in neighboring states, needs to be developed and carried out without delay to insure purity of surface and ground water and the water in our recreation areas. Programs for making more and better use of the skills of elderly citizens through cooperation with and assistance
to our private enterprise
3.

2.

economy

sector.

careful long range planning to improve and maintain sanitary conditions in the fringe areas around cities and towns particularly the faster growing ones.

More

4.

Health needs of our growing population demands more and better efforts to induce young people to prepare themselves This includes opposing the for health service careers.
incentive-killing effect of federal
trol of health services.

government aid and con-

advocate the establishment of a research division within the department of health for the purpose of determining if there be elements which may induce cancer in cigarette smoke and if such be found

We

determining their exact nature and methods of eliminating these from processed cigarette tobacco.

230

Xipk

i

ii

C

\K"i

iw M

\\i

\i

PUBLIC

WELFARE

We

recognize thai

in

one which is It is the responsibility which is unwilling to provide for itself. of our state and local government to care for all those so handicapped by unfortunate circumstances. Under present procedure there is too much opportunity for abuses in qualifying for welfare
citizens,

every economy there are two groups of unable to provide for itself and the other

assistance.

It

is

true that in

all

too

many

cases persons are

It is imperareceiving welfare assistance who refuse to work. tive that more clearly defined limits and restrictions be placed upon recipients of welfare assistance to the end that cases of necessity are adequately cared for and cases of abuse are imme-

diately checked and discontinued. In many cases it is true that some of the

too little in the
in

way

of assistance.

more needy receive The Republican Party be-

lieves that stricter

public welfare with to receive is essential.

enforcement of requirements for participation more adequate assistance to those entitled

The Republican Party advocates more exacting legislation requiring irresponsible parents to maintain their children and requiring adult children of sufficient income to maintain and support their needy parents. The enforcement of these laws will relieve taxpayers of this \mwarranted burden.

COMMERCIAL FISHERIES
As
tion

— SALT WATER RESOURCES

this division of the North Carolina Department of Conservaand Development has functioned in the past, little constructive emphasis has been placed upon either of the fundamental functions of Conservation or development of North Carolina fishery resources. This lack of emphasis and resulting failure in its primary purposes is partly attributable to unnecessary emphasis on the activities of tax collection and law enforcement. Under the control of the Democrat Party, the operation of the Commercial and Sports Fisheries Division of the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development, as presently conducted, has become a matter of collecting taxes (from the fishing industry) with which to pay for law enforcement officers. Many of the laws enforced are merely laws levying taxes (or licenses). Thus, this agency is, in effect a "political perpetual motion ma-

Republican Platform
chine," accomplishing only
its

231

own

continuation.

The Republican Party advocates the assumption by the Department of Revenue of tax collecting functions of the Commercial Fisheries Division which is presently handled by the Department of Conservation and the North Carolina Department of Conversation and Development.
living.

Boats are the machinery used by fishermen for making their For the reason that the farmer's plow is not taxed, the fisherman's boat should not be taxed by special licenses. We further deem it necessary that the law enforcement func-

tions of the Commercial and Sports Fisheries Division of the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development be assumed by a duly constituted law enforcement agency of the State, the North Carolina Waterway Patrol. The North Carolina Republican Party believes that, in this way, more effective and constructive practices can be established and that valuable contributions to the economics of the coastal areas of North Carolina can be made. We, furthermore, believe that these accomplishments will "inure" to the general benefit of all North Carolinians. Once relieved of these two functions mentioned above, the Commercial and Sports Fisheries Division of the North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development should direct its efforts toward the proper objectives of conservation of basic brood stocks of the State's fishery resources and the development of the fishing and related industries. We believe that the Division of Commercial and Sports Fisheries should be a separate department of government which will place added emphasis upon research, seafood processing and marketing in an attempt to raise the economy of coastal North Carolina and that this new division should also place added emphasis on the development of the sports fishing industry in North Carolina.

STATE PORTS
The North Carolina Republican Party believes that the North Carolina port facilities at Morehead City and Wilmington are vitally important to the State and its industries by affording the opportunity for world-wide commerce; and we advocate that major emphasis be placed upon our ports for their expansion in

_:'.:

North Carolina Manual

art';i.'~ regarding promotion, advertising, and capital improvements; and we believe that a modern East-West highway is essential for the growth and usage of our ports. We believe that these port facilities can and should continue to operate on a self-supporting basis in the tradition of a free and

competitive economy.

COASTAL WATER WAYS
is aware of the tremendous increase of pleasure boating in our coastal water, and is also aware that the lack of concern regarding the boating public is a detriment to tourist trade in our coastal areas. Therefore, we advocate the following policies:
1.

The North Carolina Republican Party

That there be an acceleration in the construction of boat ramps and relief stations in our coastal areas to be under the direction of the North Carolina Wildlife Reserve Commission.

2.

•"..

That the State inaugurate a politically free Waterway Patrol to promote safe boating practices, and to provide assistance and protection for the boating public; and that there be established safety requirements and regulations for the operation of high powered boats. That the North Carolina Highway Department in the mutual interest of highway traffic and water traffic adopt a policy of increasing the clearances under all fixed and draw-span bridges over coastal waterways.

INLAND LAKES AND RIVERS
The Republican Party recognizes the rights of all persons to We also recognize the dangers enjoy inland lakes and rivers. and problems involved w hen the same streams and lakes are used by different persons for different forms of recreation. We propose statewide regulation for the protection and control of boaters, swimmers, skiers, fishermen and divers while using our inland
r

public waters.

RIGHTS OF CITIZENSHIP
ment
I'nder the proper interpretation of the philosophy of governthat our forefathers dreamed of and we seek to bring into

Republican Platfobm
realization, we, the

233

Republican Party believe it to be fundamenmajority ought to prevail within the framework of the Constitution. In the proper exercise of that will, however, the proper regard must be used to safeguard the whose members are entitled to equal and rights of minorities full citizenship of this state, and to the rights and freedom of
tally true that the will of the

—

choices of the individual citizen.

CONCLUSION
The future of our State is bright, for the people are realizing the advantages and necessity of a healthy two-party system of The shackles and heavy yoke of oppressive and government. lethargic one-party system are rapidly being discarded in North Carolina. Control of the government is being returned to the
people, where it rightly should and will be with the emergency of a healthy, competitive, and active two-party system of govern-

ment. Your vote for Republican candidates, dedicated to these our principles of good government, will speed the advent of government by the people, of the people, and for the people.

Submitted by Thomas Platform Committee

S.

Bennett, Chairman

PLAN OF ORGANIZATION OF THE REPUBLICAN PARTY OF NORTH CAROLINA
(STATE REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION)

PREAMBLE
We, the members of the Republican Party of North Carolina, dedicated to the sound principles fostered by that party, conscious of our civic responsibilities and rights, firm in our determination to give our strength to preserving the American principle that government ought and must be of all the people, by all the people, and for all the people do, for the purpose of uniting and co-ordinating our efforts for maximum power and efficiency, herewith establish this instrument, The Plan of Organization of the Republican Party of North Carolina.

ARTICLE

I

Membership
1.

Members
All citizens of North Carolina

who are registered Republicans are Republican Party of North Carolina, and shall have the right to participate in the official affairs of the Republican Party in accordance with these rules. All references herein to delegates, alternates, officers, and members shall in all cases mean persons identified and registered with the Republican Party.
members
of the

ARTICLE

II

Precinct Meetings
1.

Biennial Precinct Meetings

each precinct in every General Election year, the County shall call precinct meetings within the dates designated by the State Central Committee after giving ten (10) days written notice of the time and place of holding same to each Precinct Chairman, and after giving one week's notice of such meeting in a newspaper of general circulation within the County. Failure of the County Chairman to act in compliance with the
In

Chairman

234

Plan of Organization

235

provision shall be cause for any registered Republican within the precinct to call said precinct meeting by notice in a newspaper of general circulation within the County. Every Republican registered within the entitled to cast one vote.
2.

precinct,

in

attendance,

shall

be

Elections

Biennial precinct meetings shall elect a Precinct Committee of five or more voters, one of whom shall be elected as Chairman and one as Vice-Chairman (one of whom shall be a woman), and

Members of the Precinct Committee shall one as Secretary. hold their places for two years or until their successors are chosen. Precinct meetings shall elect one delegate and one alternate to the County Convention, plus one additional delegate and
alternate for every fifty (50) votes, or major fraction thereof, cast for the Republican Candidate for Governor in the last General Election.
3.

Credentials

The Chairman and Secretary of each Precinct shall certify election of officers, Committee members, and delegates and alternates to the County Convention, on forms stipulated by the State Central Committee and furnished by the County Chairman. Complete Credentials shall be in the hands of the County Secretary by the opening of the County Convention.
4.

Other Precinct Meetings
a.

Other meetings of the Precinct general membership may be held at such times as shall be designated by the Chairman of the Precinct Committee after giving five (5) days notice of such meeting; or upon similar call of one-third of the members of the
Precinct Committee, or ten (10) members of the general precinct membership. There shall be no proxy voting.
cinct

In the event a Precinct fails to properly organize or the PreChairman fails to act, the County Executive Committee may direct the County Chairman to appoint a Temporary Precinct Chairman to serve until a general membership meeting can be
b.

called
call

and a new Chairman

elected.

The County Chairman

shall

such a meeting within thirty (30) days after appointment of the Temporary Chairman.

236

Nortii Carolina

Manual
III

ARTICLE

Precinct Committee
1.

Duties of Committee

The precinct committee shall cooperate with the County Executive Committee in all elections and party activities; provide the County Chairman with a list of party members within the precinct suitable for
ers,

counters, and watchers at the polls; jectives of the Party within the Precinct.
2.

appointment as registrar, election judge, markand promote the ob-

Duties of Officers
of the Precinct Committee, with the advice and consent of the Precinct Committee, shall have general supervision of the affairs of the Party within his precinct, shall preside at all meetings of the precinct, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Precinct Committee or the County Executive Committee. The Vice-Chairman shall function as Chairman in the absence of the Chairman. The Secretary

The Chairman

shall

keep all minutes and records, and shall maintain a list of registered Republican voters and workers within the Precinct.

3.

Meetings
Meetings of the Precinct Committee

may

be held at such times

as shall be designated by the Chairman of the Precinct Committee after giving five (5) days notice of such meeting; or upon similar
call

of

one-third

of

the

members

of

the

Precinct

Committee.

There shall be no proxy voting.
4.

Vacancies and Removals
a.

In case of death, resignation, discontinuance of residency within the precinct, or removal of any officers or members of the Precinct Committee, the resulting vacancy shall be filled by the remaining members of the Precinct Committee.

a two-thirds vote of the Precinct

Committee may be removed by Committee after being furnished with notice of the charges against him, signed by not less than one-third of the members of the Committee and allowing him twenty (20) days to appear and defend himself; provided furb.

Any members

of the Precinct

ther

that

said

cause for

removal shall be confined

to

arross

Plan of Organization

237

inefficiency, party disloyalty, or failure to comply with the County or State Plans of Organization. Such removal may be appealed to the County Executive Committee, within twenty f20) days, and their decision shall be final.

ARTICLE IV
County Convention
1.

Biennial Conventions

A County Convention shall be called in every General Election year by the Chairman of the County Executive Committee, at the County seat, within the dates set by the State Central Committee,
after

giving fifteen

(15)

days notice thereof to

all

Precinct

Chairmen and Executive Committee members, after giving fifteen (15) days notice of such Convention in a newspaper of general circulation within the County. The delegates and alternates
elected
at

the biennial
sit

challenged shall Convention.
2.

precinct meetings, unless successfully as delegates and alternates in the County

Convention Action
a.

Plan of Organization

The County Convention
ization, not inconsistent
b.

shall adopt a

Elections

—The

County Plan of Organwith this State Plan of Organization.

County Convention shall

(1) Elect a Chairman and Vice-Chairman (one of whom shall be a woman), a Secretary, and such other officers as may be deemed necessary, who shall serve for a term of two years or until their successors are elected.

Elect a County Executive Committee of five (5j or more who shall hold their places for a term of tw o years or until their successors are elected. Nominations may be made
(2)

voters,

r

by the biennial precinct meetings for membership on the County Executive Committee. (3) Elect one delegate and one alternate to the Congressional District and State Conventions, plus one additional delegate and alternate for every 200 votes, or major fraction thereof, cast for the Republican candidate for Governor in the last General Election in said County. Each County shall further

238

North Carolina Manual
one delegate and alternate for each Republican elected and to public office on the state or national level from said County in the preceding election.
elect

to the State Legislature

c.

District

Committee Appointments One person shall be appointed to each of the Solicitorial. Judicial, Senatorial, and Legislative District Committees by the County Chairman, with the consent of the County Convention, to serve until a

candidate

is

selected with the respective

District.
3.

Credentials

County Executive Committee committee members, delegates and alternates to the District and State Conventions, and District Committee members, on forms furnished by the State Central Committee. Completed Credentials shall be in the hands of the Congressional District Secretary by the opening of the Congresof the

The Chairman and Secretary

shall certify election of officers,

sional District Convention.

ARTICLE V
County Executive Committee
1.

Membership The County Executive Committee shall consist of the County Officers and other persons elected by the County Convention (in accordance with ARTICLE IV, sec. 2 (b), and the County Finance
Chairman.
Poivers and Duties

2.

The County Executive Committee shall cooperate with the District and State Committees in all elections and Party activities:
encourage qualified candidates for office within the county; adopt a budget; and shall have active management of party affairs within the County. It shall apoint a Finance Chairman
shall

and a Finance Committee of not less than three members, and Auditing Committee of not less than three members, and may appoint such other Committees as may be deemed necessary.
:'..

Meetings

The County Executive Committee shall meet year upon call of the Chairman after giving ten

at

least

twice a

ilOt days notice

Plan of Organization
to all

239

of the

call of one-third of the members One-third of the members shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. There shall be no proxy

members;

or

upon similar

Committee.

voting.
4.

Duties of Officers

The Chairman of the County Executive Committee, with the advice and consent of the County Executive Committee, shall
have general supervision of the affairs of the party within his County. He shall issue the call for Biennial Precinct Meetings, the County Convention, and Executive Committee meetings, and
shall preside at all the meetings of the County Executive ComHe shall make quarterly reports on the status of the mittee.

Party within his county to the State Chairman, on forms furnished by the State Central Committee. He shall be responsible for the creation and maintenance of a Republican organization in every precinct within his County. He shall obtain and preserve a list of all registered Republicans within the County, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the County, District, or State Committees. The Vice-Chairman shall function as Chairman in the absence of the Chairman, and shall have such other duties as may be prescribed by the County Executive Committee. The Secretary shall keep all minutes and records, and shall maintain a roster of all precinct officers and Executive Committee members. Such records shall be available

upon request,
5.

to

any registered Republican within the county.

Vacancies and Removals
In case of death, resignation, discontinuance of residency within the County, or removal of any officer or member of the County Executive Committee, the resulting vacancy shall be filled by the County Executive Committee.
a.
b. Any Officer or member of the County Executive Committee may be removed by a two-thirds vote of the Committee after being

furnished with notice of the charges against him, signed by not less than one-third of the members of the Committee and allowing him thirty (30) days to appear and defend himself; provided further that said cause for removal shall be confined to gross inefficiency, party disloyalty, or failure to act in compliance

with the County or State Plans of Organization.

Sucli

removal

240

North Carolina Manual

may

District

he appealed, within twenty (20) days to the Congressional Chairman and members of the State Executive Committee
final.

within the District, and their decision shall be

ARTICLE
Coi viy
1
.

VI

Finance and Auditing Committees

Finance Committee The County Finance Committee shall be composed of the County Finance Chairman, the County Chairman, and not less tban three persons appointed by the County Executive Committee. They shall cooperate with the State Finance Committee and shall have active management of fund-raising efforts within the County.
Auditing Committee

2.

The Auditing Committee
financial

shall conduct a yearly audit of the records of the County and report such audit to the

County Executive Committee

for approval.

ARTICLE

VII

Solicitorial, Judicial, Senatorial, and Legislative

District Committees
1.

Membership
Membership shall consist of those persons appointed by the County Chairman with the approval of the County Convention.

2.

Election of Officers

At some time preceding the State Convention, the District Committees shall meet at a time and place designated by the member of the Committee from that County within the District having the largest population and shall elect, from among their membership, a chairman and such other officers as may be deemed The officers shall have such duties as may be prenecessary. scribed by the State Executive Committee. The Chairmen shall
report to the State
3.

Chairman names
of

of elected officers.

Powers and Duties
a.

Committees

The

Solicitorial District

Committee

shall encourage qualified

candidates for Solicitor, and shall cooperate with the County

Plan of Organization
and State Executive Committees in
b.

241

all

campaigns.

Committee shall encourage qualified candidates for District Judge, and shall cooperate with the County and State Executive Committees in all campaigns.
District
c.

The Judicial

The Senatorial

District

Committee

shall encourage qualified

candidates for State Senator, and shall cooperate with the County and State Executive Committees in all campaigns.

The Legislative District Committee shall encourage qualified candidates for the State House of Representatives, and shall cooperate with the County and State Executive Committees in all
d.

campaigns.

ARTICLE

VIII

Congressional District Conventions
1.

Biennial Convention

A

Congressional District Convention shall be called in every General Election year by the Chairman of the Congressional District Committee, within the dates designated by the State Central Committee, upon twenty (20) days written notice of the time and place for holding same to all members of the District Committee and to the County Chairmen within said DisThe delegates and alternates elected in the County Contrict. ventions, unless successfully challenged, shall sit as delegates and alternates in the Congressional District Convention.

2.

Elections
District Convention shall elect a Chaira Vice-Chairman (one of whom shall be a woman), a Secretary, a Treasurer and such other officers as may be deemed necessary, who shall serve for a term of two years or until their successors are elected.
a.

The Congressional

man and

In every General Election year, the Congressional District b. Convention shall further elect one member of the State Executive Committee, plus one additional member for every 6,000 votes or major fraction thereof cast within the District for the Republican candidate for Governor in the preceding General Election.
c.

In every Presidential Election year, the Convention shall further elect two delegates and two alternates to the Republican

242

North Carolina Manual
National Convention: and shall nominate one Presidential Elector.

3.

Credentials

The Chairman and Secretary

of the Congressional District shall

certify election of officers. State Executive Committee members, delegates and alternates, and nominee for Presidential Elector

on forms furnished by the State Central Committee. Completed District Credentials, plus completed Credentials for the Counties within the District, shall be in the hands of the State
Credentials

Committee Chairman by the deadline

set

by the

State Chairman.

ARTICLE IX
Congressional District Committee
1.

Membership Membership of the Congressional District Committee composed of: a. The officers elected at the District Convention.
b.
c.

shall

be

All duly elected

County Chairman within the

District.

County Vice-Chairmen from those counties within the District which gave a majority vote to the Republican candidate for President and Governor in the preceding election.

d.

Such others as the District Plan

of Organization

may

provide.

2.

Powers and Duties

The Congressional

District

Committee

shall encourage qualified

candidates for Congress, appoint a Finance Chairman, and cooperate with the County and State Executive Committee in all

campaigns.
::.

Meetings

The Congressional

District

Committee

shall

meet

at least once

a year upon call of the Congressional District Chairman. Onethird of the members of the Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. There shall be no proxy voting.
\

Duties of Officers
a.

The Congressional

District

Chairman, with the advice and

Plan of Organization

243

consent of the District Committee, shall have general supervision of the affairs of the party within his District. He shall assist the State Chairman in carrying out state programs, supervise the Congressional campaigns until such time as a Campaign Manager shall have been appointed, maintain contact with all

Counties within his District, and shall be responsible for the proper organization and functioning of those Counties. He shall maintain constant liaison with all County Chairman with

regard to a Republican organization in every precinct within his District. He shall have such other duties as may be prescribed by the State Executive Committee.

The Vice-Chairman shall be Chief Assistant to the District Chairman and shall act as Chairman in the absence of the Chairman; shall maintain liaison with the County Vice-Chairmen throughout the District (where applicable) and shall have such
b.

other duties as
c.

may

be prescribed by the District Committee.

The Secretary

maintain a
District.
5.

shall keep all minutes and records, and shall roster of all officers of the Counties within the

Vacancies and Removals
In case of death, resignation, discontinuance of residency within the District, or removal of any officer of the Congressional District Committee, the resulting vacancy shall be filled by the remaining members of the Committee.
a.

Congressional District Committee may be of the Congressional District Committee after being notified of the charges against him signed by not less than one-third of the members of the Committee, and
b.

Any

officer of the

removed by a two-thirds vote

allowing him thirty (30) days to appear and defend himself; provided further that said cause for removal shall be confined to gross inefficiency, party disloyalty, or failure to act in comSuch pliance with the District or State Plans of Organization. removal may be appealed within twenty (20) days, to the State Central Committee and their decision shall be final.

ARTICLE X
District Finance Committee
1.

The District Finance Chairman shall serve as Chairman of the Congressional District Finance Committee, which shall be com-

244

North Carolina Manual
the Counties within the posed of the Finance Chairmen of all Other officers Chairman. District the Congressional District and memas may be deemed necessary may be elected by and from the with the shall Committee This cooperate bers of the Committee.

State Finance

Committee and with the County Finance Com-

mittees in

all

fund-raising efforts.

ARTICLE XI
State Conventions
1.

Biennial state Conventions

A

State Convention shall be called in every General Election Executive Comyear by the Chairman of the Republican State mittee after giving sixty (60) days written notice of the time

and place for holding same to all members of the State Executive Committee and to all County Chairmen. Delegates and alternates elected at the County Conventions, unless successfully challenged, shall sit as delegates and alternates at the State Convention.
2.

Elections
a.

In every General Election

year, the

State Convention shall
shall
until

elect

be a

a State Chairman and a Vice-Chairman (one of whom woman), who shall serve for a term of two years or

their successors are elected.
b.

In every Presidential Election year, the Convention shall further elect a National Committeeman and a National Committeewoman to serve for a term of four years or until their successors are elected; nominate two Presidential Electors-at-large; and
elect

in delegates and alternates to the National Convention, addition to those specified under ARTICLE VIII. 2 (c). in the number stipulated by the State Chairman as determined by the

National Rules. The State Chairman. National Committeeman, National Committeewoman. incumbent Republican Governor, and Republican members of Congress shall be nominees. Persons seeking to be delegates and alternates shall notify the State Chairman of their intentions at least two weeks prior to the The State Chairman shall then furnish the State Convention. list of prospective delegates and alternates to all members of the State Executive Committee at least one week prior to the Convention.

Plan of Organization

245

ARTICLE XII
State Executive Committee
1.

Membership The State Executive Committee
lowing:
a.

shall

be composed of the

fol-

District Chairman, the Congressional Dis Vice-Chairman, and those persons elected by the District Conventions, under ARTICLE VIII, 2 (b) of this plan.
trict

The Congressional

b.

The State Chairman, Vice-Chairman, National Committeeman, National Committeewoman, Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Treasurer, Finance Chairman, and General Counsel.
The Immediate Past State Chairman and Vice-Chairman, the Permanent Chairman and Secretary of the Preceding State
Convention.

c.

d.

The Chairman, National Committeeman and National Committeewoman of the Young Republican Federation. The President, President-Elect and Past President of the Republican Women's Federation.
All

e.

current Republican

members

of

the National Congress,
a

the State Legislature, and State Board of Elections.
f.

The County Chairmen from those Counties which gave

majority vote to the Republican candidate for President or Governor in the preceding election.
g.

The County Vice-Chairmen from those Counties which gave
a majority vote to the Republican candidates for President and Governor in the preceding election.

2.

Potters and Duties of Committee

The State Executive Committee
Assistant

Secretary

(one of

whom

shall elect a Secretary and an shall be a member of the

Young Republican Federation), a Treasurer, a Finance Chairman, and a General Counsel, who shall serve for a term of two years or until their successors are elected. The Committee shall
for the execution of such plans and measures as it may deem conducive to the best interests of the Republican Party. It shall appoint an Auditing Committee of at least three members to conduct a yearly audit; approve such audit: adopt a budget: and shall have active management of all

formulate and provide

246

North Carolina Manual
affairs of the Party within the State.
It

may

delegate such duties

as
3.

it

deems proper

to the State Central

Committee.

(

'ommittee Meetings

The State Executive Committee shall meet at least once a year: upon call of the Chairman, at such times as the State Chairman
shall determine, after giving fifteen
all

(15)

days written notice to

Committee members; or upon petition
of the

members
stitute a

Committee.

quorum

of one-third of the One-third of the members shall confor the transaction of business. There shall be

no proxy voting.
1.

Duties of Officers

The State Chairman, with the advice and consent of the Central Committee, shall have general supervision of the affairs of the party within the State. He shall preside at all meetings
a.

Committee and shall perform such duties be prescribed by the State Executive Committee. He shall be responsible for the campaigns of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor until such time as a permanent campaign manager may be appointed. The State Chairman may delegate authority
of the State Executive

as

may

Chairmen, to act in his behalf on any matter. The Vice-Chairman shall be the Chief Assistant to the Chairman; and shall act as Chairman in the absence of the Chairman. The Vice-Chairman shall maintain liaison with the County Viceb.

to the District

Vice-Chairmen (where applihave such other duties as may be prescribed by the State Executive Committee.
through
the
District
shall

Chairmen,

cable).

The Vice-Chairman

c.

The National Committeeman and National Committeewoman
maintain liaison with the National Republican Party.

shall
d.

shall keep minutes of all meetings. The Assistant Secretary shall assist the Secretary in the above duties and shall act as Secretary in the absence of the Secretary.

The Secretary

The Treasurer shall be custodian of all funds of the State Executive Committee and shall keep a strict account of all receipts and disbursements. The Treasurer shall be bonded in an amount fixed by the State Central Committee the premium to be paid from party funds.
e.

—

f.

The General Counsel

shall

advise the Executive Committee

Plan op Organization
on
all legal

247

matters and shall act as Parliamentarian at

all

meet-

ings of the Committee.
5.

Vacancies and Removals
In case of death, resignation, discontinuance of residency within the state, or removal of any officer of the State Executive Committee, the resulting vacancy shall be filled by the State Executive Committee. In case of death, resignation, discontinuance of residency within the District or removal of any member representing a Congressional District, the vacancy shall be filled
a.

by the remaining members which such vacancy occurs.
b.

of

the

Congressional District

in

officer or member may be removed by a two-thirds vote Committee after being furnished with notice of the charges against him signed by not less than one-third of the members of the Committee and allowing him thirty (30) days to appear and

Any

of the

defend himself;
to act in

provided further that said cause for removal

shall be confined to gross inefficiency, party disloyalty, or failure

compliance with this Plan of Organization. The decision

of the State Executive

Committee

shall be final.

ARTICLE
Membership The State Central Committee
a.

XIII

State Central Committee
1.

The Congressional
trict

District

Vice-Chairmen shall

composed of the following: Chairmen; the Congressional Disact in the absence of the Chairmen.
shall be

b.

The Chairman, Vice-Chairman, National Committeeman, National Committeewoman, Secretary, Assistant Secretary, Treasurer, General Counsel, and Finance Chairman of the State
Executive Committee.

c.

The Chairman

of the

President of the Republican
d.

Young Republican Federation and the Women's Federation.
of the State Senate

The Republican Leader
lican

and the Repub-

Leader

of the State

House

of Representatives.

2.

Powers and Duties
a

The State Central Committee shall have the power to appoint Campaign Committee, a Publicity Committee, and such other

248

North Carolina Manttaj
Committees as
it

may deem necessary

for the proper conduct

of the affairs of the party: to manage the affairs of the party between meetings of the State Executive Committee; to formulate
fiscal policy, establish quotas, prepare a budget, to set the dates for the precinct meetings, and County, Congressional District, and State Conventions during the months of January,

affairs

February, March; and to do all other things pertaining to party which it may be authorized to do so by the State Executive Committee. It shall be responsible for initiating all campaigns
for the U. S. Senate

and Council

as determined feasible.

accurate accounts of its ports to the State Executive Committee. The Committee shall employ as full time Executive Secretary a person of highest character and political competence to prosecute on a day by day basis the mission of the Committee. The Com-

of State and ccordinating them The State Central Committee shall keep proceedings and shall make annual re-

mittee shall provide on a

full time basis in the Capital city of North Carolina, adequate offices for the Executive Secretary and such staff as the Committee shall provide for him, which offices shall be known as Headquarters, North Carolina Republican The Central Committee is charged with, in addition to Party. all other duties, the mission of creating an effective Republican organization in every political precinct in North Carolina.

3.

Meetings

The State Central Committee shall meet at least three times a year upon call of the Chairman upon ten (10) days notice to all members; or upon petition of one-third of the members of the Committee. One-third of the members shall constitute a quorum
for the transaction of business.
4.

man, the Congressional District Finance Chairmen, and the State Chairman. The State Finance Chairman shall serve as Chairman of the State Finance Committee. Other officers as may be deemed necessary may be elected by and from the members of the Committee.
2.

Poicers and Duties
It shall be the duty of the State Finance Committee to develop ways and means to properly finance the General Election campaigns and other business and affairs of the Republican Party. The Committee shall manage a United Fund Raising Effort in cooperation with the State Central Committee only in those counties with the approval of the County Executive Committee; and cooperate with District and County organizations for effecSaid Committee shall not, directly tive fund-raising campaigns. or indirectly, raise or collect funds for the benefit of any candidates for Primary elections. All persons making contributions to the State Finance Committee shall be furnished with a

receipt therefor.

Committee or

Contributions going directly to the National shall not be acknowledged by the State Treasurer or recorded as a regular contribution to the
to

any candidate

Republican Party of North Carolina.

Permanent record of all contributors shall be maintained by the State Chairman and State Treasurer, and such records shall be available upon request, to all County and District Chairmen.
3.

Duties of Officers
shall preside at all meetings of the Committee and shall be the chief liaison between the Finance ComOther officers shall mittee and the State Central Committee. have such duties as may be prescribed by the Committee.

The Finance Chairman

ARTICLE XV
General Convention Procedure
1.

Biennial Conventions

The County, Congressional

Dirstrict, and State Conventions shall be called to order by their respective Chairmen or, in the absence of the Chairman, by the Vice-Chairman or Secretary, in order stated, who shall have the power to appoint the necessary Con-

250

North Carolina Manual
vent ion Committees
tion.
at,

or before, the convening of the Conven-

2.

Voting Procedure

member of a Convention shall any vote by proxy; provided, however, that any delegate or delegates present shall have the right to cast the entire vote of the precinct in County Conventions, and of the County in District and State Conventions; EXCEPT the registered Republican or Republicans, present at a County Convention from an unorganized precinct, which has not had its credentials accepted, shall have the right to vote one vote each, not to exceed the total vote that the precinct would be entitled if organized and its
delegate, alternate, or other
east

No

credentials accepted.
3.

Special Conventions
State Central Committee, at any time in the interest of the may direct the State Chairman or the Congressional District Chairmen to issue call for special Senatorial,

The

Republican Party,

and any or all of the Counties and Districts of the State. The procedure for calling regular biennial meetings and Conventions shall apply to the calling of special meetings and Conventions so far as applicable and not inconsistent with this Plan of Organization.
Judicial, Solicitorial or Legislative organizational meetings, special County and Congressional District Conventions, in

ARTICLE XVI
Official Records
1.

Minutes

of Official Actions

Minutes shall be kept by all Committees and Conventions of official actions taken and a copy shall be filed with the Chair-

man
2.

of the appropriate

Committee or Convention.

Financial Accounts

The Chairman, Treasurer, and Finance Chairman
District

of the County,

and State Committees shall keep faithful and accurate records of any and all monies received by them for the use of said Committees and shall make faithful and accurate report
thereof

when

so requested.

Plan of Organization

251

ARTICLE XVII
Appointments
1.

Notification
It

County Chairman, notice

shall be the duty of the State Chairman to transmit to each of all known vacancies in appointive

positions in his County, in order that eligible Republicans from that County may be considered and recommended for such posiThe State Chairman shall further transmit notice of all tions.

known vacancies on a District or State Level to those persons having jurisdiction in such appointments.
2.

County Appointments
a vacancy occurs in a Governmental office in any properly organized County, such vacancy shall be filled by recommendation of the State Chairman, only upon majority vote of the Executive

When

Committee
purpose.
3.

of the

County involved,

at a

meeting called for that

District

Appointments

When
level,

a vacancy occurs in a Governmental office on a District such vacancy shall be filled by recommendation of the

Committeeman and National Committeewoman, and each member of the State Executive Committee from the District involved, at a meeting called for that purpose.
State Chairman, only upon majority vote of the National
4.

State Appointments

When

a vacancy occurs in a Governmental office on a State level, such vacancy shall be filled by recommendation of the State Chairman, only upon majority vote of the State Executive Committee at a meeting called for that purpose.

ARTICLE XVIII
Forfeiture of Official Privileges
1.

member of a Precinct Committee, County Executive Committee, Congressional District Committee, State Executive Committee, or State Central Committee who, for any reason, is removed or resigns from said position shall forfeit all rights and privileges in any way connected with that position.
Any
officer or

252

North Carolina Manual

ARTICLE XIX
Applicability and Effectiveness of This Plan
1.

Rules as

to

Towns and
of

Cities
is

This

Plan

Organization

not

intended

to

extend

to,

or

establish organizations for the Republican Party of the various towns and cities of the State of North Carolina as separate units

from the precinct and county organizations. Qualified and registered Republican voters of the towns and cities of the State may organize and promulgate their own rules not inconsistent with
these rules and the organizations herein established.
2.

Rules as to Comities and Districts

The Precinct and County Committees and County Conventions, and the District Committees and Conventions are authorized to promulgate such additional rules and establish such additional party officers or committees for their respective organizations, not inconsistent with these rules, as shall be deemed necessary.
?,.

Controversies

Controversies in any County or District with respect to the organizations set up therein under this Plan, shall be referred to the State Chairman, National Committeeman, and National

Committeewoman
final.

for

arbitration,

and their decision

shall

be

4.

Parliamentary Authority Robert's Rules of Order Revised shall govern all proceedings except when inconsistent with this State Plan of Organization.
Effective

5.

Date

of this

Plan

This Plan of Organization shall become effective, and repeal and supercede all other rules, immediately upon its adoption at the State Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina on March
12, 1966. This, however, shall not invalidate any action taken under the previous rules prior to the above date.

STATE REPUBLICAN SOLICITORIAL, CONGRESSIONAL, JUDICIAL AND SENATORIAL DISTRICT COMMITTEES
Membership of Solicitorial, Judicial and Senatorial District Committees shall consist of those persons appointed by the county chairmen with the approval of the county conventions. Membership en the Congressional District Committees shall be composed of the officers elected at the district conventions, County Chairmen and Vice Chairmen of counties making up the district, and such others as the District Plan of Organization may provide. (See Articles VII, VIII and IX of the Plan of Organization.)

Twelve members. Members of the Council of State Composition and the Attorney General, a member of the House of Representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House, a member of the Senate appointed by the Lieutenant Governor, a representative of the city of Raleigh designated by the Raleigh City Council and the Governor who is to serve as Chairman.

Nine members appointed by the Governor, four by the Boards of Trustees of State supported senior colleges and two selected by the Board of Trustees of University of North Carolina.
Composition:
s selected

Nine members appointed as follows: One each by North Carolina State Bar and the North Carolina Bar Association; one each by the Deans of the Law Schools of Duke, Wake Forest, and the University of North Carolina; one each by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House; and two by the Governor.
Composition:
the President of the

Eleven members. Three administrative officials Composition appointed by the Governor, President of the Senate, Speaker of the House of Representatives, three senators appointed by the President of the Senate and three representatives appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Robert W. Scott, President of the Senate Haw River Fairmont David M. Britt, Speaker of the House Appointed by the Governor Claude E. Caldwell, Director of State Personnel Department Raleigh G. Andrew Jones, Jr., State Budget Officer Raleigh Dan E. Stewart, Director of Department of Conservation and Development Raleigh
:

Senate appointments: Herman A. Moore

Charlotte

Adrian

L. Shuford, Jr.

Sam

L.

Whitehurst

New

Conover Bern

House appointments:
Joe E. Eagles
Macclesfield

Thorne Gregory
Earl

Scotland Neck

W. Vaughn

Draper

GOVERNMENTAL BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS

355

NORTH CAROLINA JUDICIAL COUNCIL
1953,
c.

74; G. S. 7-448

Composition: Fourteen members. One member of Supreme Court, two judges of the Superior Court, one member of Attorney General's Office, two Solicitors from Superior Court and eight additional members, two of whom shall be appointed by the Governor, one by the President of the Senate, one by the Speaker of the House, and four by the Council of the North Carolina State Bar.

*(This Board has the management of the Stonewall Jackson Training School. Juvenile Evaluation Center, Eastern Carolina Training School, State Home and Industrial School for Girls, Morrison Training School, State Training School
for

Under the State Department of Mental Health.
1963, c. 1184; G. S. 122-69

ALCOHOLIC REHABILITATION CENTERS
ALCOHOLIC REHABILITATION CENTER, BUTNER
Under
the State

Department

of

Mental Health

1963, c. 1166; G. S. 122-1

392

North Carolina Manual

HOSPITALS

THE NORTH CAROLINA CEREBRAL PALSY HOSPITAL,

DURHAM
1945, c. 504; 1953, c. 893; G. S. 131-128
(

mnposition

:

Nine members appointed by the Governor.
..Greenville
.

Clarence
Dr.
J.

Stasavich

Thomas A. Henson

.

.

Kinston
Raleigh

Jesse Helms
Leslie Atkins, Jr.

Durham
Chapel Hill Winston-Salem
Gastonia

Harold Meyer
Grizelle

Norfleet

Dr.
J.

W. M. Roberts Mrs. R. M. Middleton
Fleming Wily,
Jr.

Lexington

Durham

THE MOSES

H.

CONE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, GREENSBORO
c.

Pr. 1913,
:

400; 1961,

c.

234

Fifteen members. Nine elected by the Board of Composition Trustees, three appointed by the Governor, one appointed by the Greensboro City Council, one appointed by the Guilford County Board of Commissioners and one appointed by the Guilford County

Convening hour. The President shall take the chair Senate upon adjournment on the preceding legislative day, and shall call the members to order. In case the Senate adjourned on the preceding legislative day without having fixed the hour of reconvening, the Senate shall reRule
1.

at the hour fixed by the

convene on the next legislative day at 12:00 o'clock noon.

Rule 2. Opening the session. The President shall, upon order being obtained, have the sessions of the Senate opened with prayer.
Rule 3. Convening in absence of President. In the absence of the President, the President pro tempore shall reconvene the Senate and preside, and during such time shall be vested with all powers of the President except that of casting a vote in case of

when he shall have voted as a Senator. And in the event of the absence of the President and President pro tempore at any time fixed for the reconvening of the Senate, the Principal Clerk of the Senate, or in his absence also, some member of the Senate
tie

Committee on Rules, shall call the Senate some member to act as President.
Rule
4.

to order

and designate

the qualified

Quorum, (a) A quorum members of the Senate.

consists of a majority of all

(b) When a lesser number than a quorum convene, the Senators present may send the doorkeeper or any other person, for any or all absent Senators, as a majority of the Senators present determine.

Rule 5. Approval of Journal. After the prayer, and upon appearance of a quorum, the President shall cause the Journal of

1

1

2

Xni:

1

1!

Caholina Manual

of the

the preceding day to be read and approved, unless the Chairman Committee on Journal or some member of the Senate by

motion sustained by a majority of the members present, have the reading thereof dispensed with and the same approved as written.

Rule 6. Order of Business. After approval of the Journal, the order of business shall be as follows:
(

1

)

(2)

Reports of standing- committees. Reports of select committees.
Introduction of
bills, petitions, and resolutions. Messages from the House of Representatives.

(3)
(4)

Unfinished business of preceding day. Special Orders. First, local bills on third reading roll (7) General Orders call, then local bills on second reading roll call. After that the riv(t race second reading local calendar in numerical order, taking
(5) (6)

—

up the Senate bills in first order. After disposition of the local calendar, the public calendar of bills will be considered in the same order, that is:
Third reading roll call bills. (b) Second reading roll call bills. (c) Second reading bills to be considered viva voce, with Senate bills taking precedence in order over House bills.
(a)

But Messages from the Governor and House of Representatives and communications and reports from State officers and reports from the Committee on Enrolled Bills may be recei/ed and acted on under any order of business.
Conduct of Debate
Rule
7.

President

to

maintain order. The President shall have

general direction of the Hall of the Senate, and in case of any disturbance or disorderly conduct in the galleries or lobbies, he shall have the power to order the same cleared.

Rule 8. Substitution for president. The President shall have the right to call on any member to perform the duties of the Chair, but substitution shall not extend beyond one day. Rule 9. Points of order, (a) The President shall preserve order and decorum and proceed with the business of the Senate according

Senate
to the rules adopted.

413

He

shall decide all questions of order, sub-

an appeal to the Senate by any member, on which appeal no member shall speak more than once unless by leave of the Senate. A two-thirds vote of the members present is necessary to
ject to

sustain any appeal from the ruling of the Chair.
(b)

In the event the Senate Rules do not provide for, or cover

any point of order raised by any Senator, the rules of the United States House of Representatives shall govern.
(c) When a Senator is called to order he shall take his seat until the President determines whether he was in order or not; if

decided to be out of order, he shall not proceed without the permission of the Senate; and every question of order shall be decided by the President, subject to an appeal to the Senate by any Senator; and if a Senator is called to order for words spoken, the words excepted to shall be immediately taken down in writing, that the President or Senate may be better able to judge of the

matter.

Rule 10. Debating and voting by Lieutenant Governor. The Lieutenant Governor, as President of the Senate, being a Constitutional Officer shall not have the right to debate any question or to address the Senate upon any proposition unless by permission of the majority of members present, and shall have the right to vote only when there is a tie vote upon any question or
election.

Rule
to
rise

speak

Obtaining recognition, (a) when any Senator is about any matter to the Senate, he shall from his seat and respectfully address the President. No
11.

in debate or deliver

shall speak until recognized by the President, and when two or more members rise at the same time, the President shall

member name
(b)

the

member

to speak.

floor may yield the floor to another Senator only for the purpose of allowing another Senator to state a question. Only the Chair may award the floor to any Senator for the purposes of allowing that Senator to engage in general

A

Senator who has the

debate.

Rule 12. Recognition for extending courtesies. Courtesies of the floor and galleries shall be extended only by the President on

lit

Noktm Carolina Manual

his

own motion
to

Senate

or upon the written request of a member of the former members of the General Assembly or to visiting

distinguished visitors.
livered to the Principal therefor.

Members may designate Honorary Pages by a statement deClerk who will have a certificate issued

The President may upon written request at intervals between various orders of business extend courtesies to schools or other special large groups visiting in the galleries while they are present, and the President shall, at such times as he deems appropriate, express to those visitors in the galleries the pleasure of
the Senate for their presence.

individual debate, (a) No Senator 13. Limitations on speak or debate more than three times nor longer than forty-five minutes on the same day on the same subject without

Rule

shall

leave of the Senate.
(b) By permission of the President any member of Senate may address the Senate from the lectern located on the floor before the dais for the purpose of explaining a bill or resolution, stating a point of personal privilege or for the purpose of debate.

Rule 14. Priority of business. All questions relating to priority of business shall be decided without debate. Rule 15. Reading of papers. When the reading of a paper, other than a petition, is called for, and any Senator objects to the reading, the question shall be determined by the Senate without debate.

Rule

16.

General decorum,

(a)

Senators and visitors shall un-

cover their heads upon entering the Senate Chamber while the Senate is in session and shall continue uncovered during their continuance in the Chamber.
(b)

No remark

reflecting

personally upon the action of any

Senator shall be in order in debate unless preceded by a motion
or resolution of censure.
is putting a question, or a division by progress, no Senator shall walk out of or across the Chamber, nor when a Senator is speaking, pass between him and the President.

(c)

When
is

the President

counting

in

Senate

415

(d) When a motion to adjourn or for recess is affirmatively determined, no member or officer shall leave his place until adjournment or recess is declared by the President.
(e)

Smoking

shall not be allowed on the floor or galleries of

the Senate during Sessions.

Motions
Rule
table,

writing,

Motioyis generally. All motions shall be reduced to desired by the President or a Senator, delivered at the and read by the President or Reading Clerk before the
17.
if

same are debated; but any motion may be withdrawn by the troducer at any time before decision or amendment.

in-

Rule 18. Motions Order of precedence. When a question is before the Senate no motion shall be received except those herein specified, which motions shall have precedence as follows, viz.:
(1)

—

(2)
(3)

To adjourn. To lay on the

table.

(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

For the previous question. To postpone indefinitely.

To postpone to a certain day. To commit to a standing committee.

To commit to a To amend. To substitute.

select committee.

to

19. Motions to adjourn and to lay on the table. The motions adjourn and to lay on the table shall be decided without debate, and the motion to adjourn shall always be in order when made by a Senator entitled to the floor.

Rule

Rule 20. Motions to postpone to certain day and The respective motions to postpone to a certain day, or shall preclude debate on the main question.
Rule
21.

to

commit.

to

commit,

for the previous question

Action when previous question pending. When a motion is made and is pending, debate shall

416

North Carolina Manual

cease. After a motion for the previous question is made, pending a second thereto, any member may give notice that he desires to
offer

eration
notice.

an amendment to the bill or other matter under considand after the previous question is seconded such member shall be entitled to offer his amendment in pursuance of such
;

Rule
until
this
it

22.

shall be as follows: "Shall the
is

Motion for previous question. The previous question main question be now put?" and decided shall preclude all amendments and debate. If

question is decided in the affirmative, the "main question" shall be on the passage of the bill, resolution, or other matter under consideration; but when amendments are pending, the
question shall be taken upon such amendments in their inverse order, without further debate or amendment: Provided, that no

of the measure, who shall be designated by the chairman of the committee reporting the same to the Senate at the time the bill or other matter under consideration is reported to the Senate or taken up for consideration.

one shall move the previous question ting the report on the bill or other and the member introducing the bill sideration or the member in charge

except the

member submit-

matter under consideration, or other matter under con-

Rule 23. Motion to reconsider. When a question has been once put and decided, any Senator who voted in the majority may move to reconsideration thereof: but no motion for the reconsideration of any vote shall be in order after the bill, resolution, message, report, amendment, or motion upon which the vote was taken has gone out of the possession of the Senate; nor shall any motion for reconsideration be in order unless made on the same day or in the next following legislative day on which the vote proposed to be reconsidered took place, unless the motion is made by the Committee on Enrolled Bills for verbal or grammatical errors in the bills, when the motion may be made at any time, Provided that when the next legislative day has by motion of the Senate, been restricted as to matters which may be considered, a motion to reconsider shall be in order on the next succeeding day upon which regular business is conducted. No question shall be reconsidered more than once.

Senate
Voting

417

Rule 24. Putting question; division. All questions for a vote shall be put as follows: "Those in favor say 'Aye', and after the affirmative vote is expressed "Opposed 'No'." After which the President will announce the result. If a division on any vote is desired, it must be called for immediately before the result of the voting is announced on any question, and upon such call, the President shall require the members to stand and be counted for and against any proposition under consideration.

—

Rule

25.

Voting by ayes and noes. The ayes and noes

may

be

any question before the vote is taken, and if the call is sustained by one-fifth of the Senators present, the roll of the Senate shall be called and the ayes and noes taken, and the same shall be entered upon the Journal. If a Senator desires the ayes and noes recorded on any qustion, he shall address the Chair and obtain recognition and say, "Upon that vote or question I call for the ayes and noes." Whereupon the President shall say,
called for on

members present then stand the roll is called and the ayes and noes recorded. If less than one-fifth present stands, the Chair announces, "An insufficient number up" and a viva voce vote is then taken.
"Is the call sustained?" If one-fifth of the

Dividing question. If any question contains several it shall be divided by the President, at the request of any Senator, provided each subdivision, if left to itself, forms a substantive proposition.

Rule

26.

distinct propositions,

Rule

27.

of the Senate

Duty to vote. Every Senator who is within the bar when the question is stated by the chair shall vote

thereon, unless he is excused by the Senate or unless he is directly interested in the question; and the bar of the Senate shall include
the entire Senate chamber.

Rule 28. Excused from voting. Any Senator requesting to be excused from voting may make, either immediately before or after the vote has been called for and before the result has been announced, a brief statement of the reasons for making such request, and the question shall then be taken without debate. Rule 29. Explanation of vote. Any Senator may explain his vote on any bill pending by obtaining permission of the President be-

118

North Carolina Manual
is

fore the vote
shall be

consumed

put: Provided, that not more than three minutes in such explanation.

Committees
Rule 30. Appointment of Committees. The President of the Senate, unless he has by law disqualified himself from that office, shall have the exclusive right and authority to appoint all Committees, regular or special, but he may delegate said authority in any instance, as he may choose.

Manufacturing, Labor and Commerce Mental Health Propositions and Grievances Public Health
Public Roads

26.

27. Public Utilities

Senate
28. Public
29.

419

Welfare

Retirement, Employment Security 30. Rules
31.

Salaries and Fees

32. State 33.

Government

University Trustees 34. Veterans and Military Affairs
35. Wildlife

Rule 32. Notice of committee meetings. Public notice of all committee meetings shall be given in the Senate. The required notice may be waived as to any meeting by the attendance at that meeting of all of the members of the committee, or by personal
waiver.

Rule 33. Membership of committees; quorum, (a) Membership on standing committees shall consist of not more than sixteen Senators, including the Chairman and Vice Chairman who shall be designated by the President, Provided the committee membership on the Committee on Education, the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Finance, the Committee on Agriculture, the Committee on Roads, and the Committee on University Trustees
shall not be limited as to

membership but

shall be left to the dis-

cretion of the

hold membership on more than twelve standing committees unless the Rules Committee provides otherwise. A quorum of any committee shall consist of a
President.

No Senator

shall

majority of the committee. (b) Procedure in the committees shall be governed by the rules of the Senate, so far as the same may be applicable to such procedure; except that no roll call vote may be required in committee.

Rule 34. Joint committees. The Committee on Trustees of the Greater University and the Committee on Journal, Enrolling and Printing shall act as the joint committees for the Senate.
Rule 35. Voting in joint sessions. When any Senate Committee with the House Committee, the Senate Committee reserves the right to vote separately from the House Committee.
sits jointly

Rule 36. Final action

to be in

open session. Notwithstanding the

inherent right of any committee or subcommittee to hold executive sessions, no committee or subcommittee shall take any final action on any measure or thing before it except in open session.

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North Carolina Manual
Handling of
Bills

Rule

37.

Construction

of

rules.

All

provisions of these

rules

applying

to lulls shall

apply also

to resolutions, unless the context

requires otherwise.

Rule MS. Introduction of

bills,

(a)

Form

of

bills.

Bills

submitted
not in the
to be re-

fur introduction shall be in the

form prescribed by the Joint Comis

mittee on Printing. When a bill which is introduced prescribed form, the Principal Clerk shall cause the

bill

the prescribed form, and the retyped copy shall become the official copy of the bill for all purposes. The original bill shall then be returned to the introducer of the bill and shall not become

typed

in

a

part of the records or documents of the Senate.
(li)

When

a

Public Bill

thereof shall
Principal
local bill.

accompany

Clerk, and

introduced, twenty duplicate copies or more copies upon order of the twenty duplicate copies shall accompany a
the
bill,

is

(c) Public hill*. Whenever a public bill is introduced, the Reading Clerk shall stamp one of the duplicate copies with the number stamped upon the original bill. The Principal Clerk shall deliver the duplicate copy of the bill to the agency designated by the

shall cause (500 copies thereof reproduced. Upon delivery of the reproduced copies the Principal Clerk shall cause the Chief Page to have one copy thereof put upon the desk of each member, and a copy in each member's
to
lie

Joint

Committee on Printing and

office

and

number
hill is

shall retain the other copies in his office. A sufficient of the copies for the use of the committee to which the referred shall be delivered by the Chief Page to the Chair-

or Clerk of that Committee. If the bill is passed, the remaining copies shall be delivered by the Chief Page to the Principal Clerk for the use of the House. The cost of reproducing the bills shall
be paid

man

from the contingent fund of the Senate.

bills. Additional copies of local bills shall be reproduced only at the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing. When that Committee directs that a local bill shall be printed, the procedure shall be the same as for public bills.

(d) Local

petition, or

Rule 39. Presenting papers to Senate. Every bill, resolution, memorial presented to the Senate shall contain on the

Senate

421

outside cover the title of the document and the name of the Senate or Senators presenting it. All bills, resolutions, petitions, and memorials shall be delivered to the Principal Clerk who shall hand
1

them

to the President to be referred. The President shall announce the titles and references of the documents, and this information shall be entered on the Journal.

Deadline on introduction of certain bills. All bills introduced by departments, agencies or institutions of the State must be introduced in the Senate not later than April 10 of the session. All local bills must be introduced not later than April 1 of the session. A bill may be introduced by consent at any

Rule 40.

prepared

to be

time during the session.

Rule 41. References of appropriations and finance bills. All bills introduced in the Senate providing for appropriations from the State, or any subdivision thereof, shall, before being considered by the Senate be referred to the committee on Appropriations, and bills referred to other committees carrying any such provisions shall be re-referred to the Senate as being bills to be considered by the Appropriations Committee before proper action may be taken

by the Senate. All

bills

introduced

issues, levying taxes, or in

in the Senate providing for bond any manner affecting the taxing power

of the State or any subdivision thereof, shall before being considered by the Senate, be referred to the Committee on Finance, and bills referred to other committees carrying any such provisions shall be re-referred to the Senate as being- bills to be considered by the Finance Committee before proper action may be taken by the Senate.

Rule 42. First reading; reference to committee. All bills shall read by their titles, which reading shall constitute the first reading of the bills, and unless otherwise disposed of shall be referred to the proper committee.
be

Rule 43. Bills
three

to receive

three readings.

Every

bill shall

receive

readings previous to its being passed, and the President shall give notice at each whether it be the first, second, or third. After the first reading, unless a motion is made by some Senator, the President shall refer the bill to an appropriate committee. No bill shall be amended until it has been twice read.

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Noiu'H Carolina

Manual

Rule -14. Reports of Committees. Every Senator presenting a of report of a committee shall endorse the report with the name names of the with of a in case committee minority report, and, the the members making the report. Every report of the committee upon a bill or resolution which is not considered at the time of

making the report, or laid on the table by a vote of the Senate, shall stand upon the general orders with the bill or resolution; and the report of the committee shall show that a majority of the committee were present and voted.
Rule 45. Unfavorable report by committee, (a) All bills reported unfavorably by the committee to which they were referred, and having no minority report, shall lie upon the table, but may be taken from the table, and placed upon the calendar by a twothirds vote of those present and voting. (b) When a bill is reported by a committee with an unfavorable
report, but accompanied by a minority report, the minority report shall be placed on the calendar and considered the following day, and the question before the Senate shall be "The adoption of the
if failing to be adopted by a majority vote, be placed upon the unfavorable calendar. Before a minority report can be considered by the Senate, it must be signed by at least three (3) members of the committee who were present and who voted on the bill when the bill was considered in

Minority Report" and
the
bill

shall

the committee.

Rule 46. Recall of bill from committee. When a bill has been introduced and referred to a committee, if after ten days the committee has failed to report thereon, then the author of the bill may, after three day's public notice given in the Senate, on motion supported by a vote of two-thirds of the Senators present and voting, recall the bill from the committee to the floor of the Senate for consideration and such action thereon as a majority of the Senators present may direct.

Rule 47. Calendar; order to be followed. The President and the Principal Clerk of the Senate shall see that all bills are acted
in the order in which they stand upon the calendar, unless otherwise ordered as hereinafter provided. The published calendar shall include all bills reported favorably from committees, or reported with a minority report attached, or placed

upon by the Senate

Senate

423

on the calendar on motion. Provided, that the published Local Calendar may carry the number of each bill, the county or counties referred to, and an abbreviated statement of the title of the bill.

Rule 48. Considering bills out of regular order. Except as provided in Rule 49, any bill or other matter may be taken up out of order upon order of the President or upon motion sustained by a majority of the membership present and voting.
Rule 49. Third I'eading requirements. No bill on its third reading shall be acted upon out of the regular order in which it stands on the Calendar, and no bill shall be acted upon on its third reading the same day on which it passed its second reading unless so ordered by two-thirds of the Senators present.
Rule 50. Special orders. Any bill or other matter may be made special order for a particular day or hour by a vote of the majority of the Senators voting, and if it shall not be completed on that day, it shall be returned to its place on the Calendar, unless it is made a special order for another day; and when a special order is under consideration it shall take precedence over any special order or subsequent order for the day, but such subsequent order may be taken up immediately after the previous special order has been disposed of.
a

Procedure when necessary number of Senators not preson taking the question on a bill, it appears that a constitutional quorum is not present, or if the bill requires a vote of certain proportion of all the Senators to pass it, and it appears that such number is not present, the bill shall be again read and the question taken thereon; if the bill fails a second time for the want of the necessary number being present and voting, the bill
Rule
51.
ent.
If,

shall not be finally lost, but shall be returned to the calendar in
its

proper order.

Rule 52. Effect of defeated bill, (a) After a bill has been tabled or has failed to pass on any of its readings, the contents of such
bill or the principal provisions of its subject matter shall not be embodied in any other measure. Upon the point of order being raised and sustained by the Chair, such measure shall be laid upon the table, and shall not be taken therefrom except by a vote of two-thirds of the qualified membership of the Senate: Provided, no

424

North Carolina Manual

local bill shall be held by the Chair as embodying the provisions, or being identical with any State wide measure which has been laid upon the table or failed to pass any of its readings.
(1)1

Hills past poind indefinitely.

When

a

bill

has been postponed

indefinitely by the Senate, the bill shall lie upon the table, and shall not be taken therefrom except by a vote of two-thirds of the

Senators present.

Rule 5o. Talcing bill from table. No bill which has been laid upon the table shall be taken therefrom except by a vote of twothirds of the Senators present.

Rule 54. Amending titles of bills. When a bill is materially modified or the scope of its application extended or decreased, or if the county or counties to which it applies is changed, the title of the bill shall be changed by the Senator introducing the bill or by the committee having it in charge, or by the Principal
Clerk, so as to indicate the full purport of the
bill

as amended

and the county or counties
Rule
55.

to

which

it

applies.

Conference committees. Whenever the Senate declines amendments put by the House to a bill originating in the Senate, or refuses to adopt a substitute adopted by the House for a bill originating in the Senate, a conference committee shall be appointed upon motion made, consisting of the number named in the motion and the bill under consideration shall thereupon go to and be considered by the joint conferees on the part of the Senate and House. In considering matters in difference between the Senate and House committed to the conferees only such matters as are in difference between the two houses shall be considered by the conferees, and the conference report shall deal only with such matters. The conference report shall not be amended. Except as herein set out, the rules of the United States
or refuses to concur in
;

House of Representatives shall govern the appointment, conduct, and reports of the conferees.
bills. A Senate bill when amended otherwise ordered, be engrossed under the direction of the Principal Clerk and sent to the House with the next Senate message following engrossment: Provided, that when a bill is typewritten and has no interlineations therein, and has passed the

Rule

56.

Engrossment of

shall, unless

Senate

425

Senate without amendment, it shall be sent to the House without engrossment, unless otherwise ordered.

Rule 57. Certification of passage of bills. The Principal Clerk certify the passage of bills by the Senate, with the date thereof, together with the fact whether passed by vote of threefifths or two-thirds of the Senate, whenever such vote may be required by the Constitution or laws of the State.
shall

House. No bill shall be sent passage except on the last day of the session, unless otherwise ordered by a vote of two-thirds of the Senators present.
Rule 58. Transmittal of bUls
to

from the Senate on the day of

its

Legislative Officers and Employees

Rule 59. Doorkeepers, pages, and laborers. The President shall appoint doorkeepers and pages, and such laborers as may be necessary, and shall assign to them their duties during sessions, and when not in session they shall be under the direction of the Principal Clerk and Sergeant-at-Arms, to perform such duties as are necessary and proper to the conduct of the Senate. Rule 60. Duties of pages. The pages of the Senate shall be responsible to and under the direction of the President at all times when the Senate is in session, and shall not exceed twenty in number, which page so appointed shall be at least 13 years of age.
shall report to the Principal Clerk at other times to be assigned such duties as he may direct and shall be under his super-

They

vision.
61. Principal Clerk responsible for engrossing office. The of the Engrossing Clerk is discontinued, and the duties of that officer as heretofore performed by the Engrossing Clerk shall

Rule

office

devolve upon the Principal sponsibility therefor.

Clerk,

who

is

charged with the re-

Rule 62. Committee Clerks, (a) The President of the Senate and the Principal Clerk shall appoint twenty-five clerks who shall be stenographers to serve as Committee Clerks. The President of the Senate and the Principal Clerk may appoint additional clerks upon the recommendation of the Rules Committee.

426

Nokth Carolina Manual

(h) All Committee Clerks, when not in attendance upon the direct duties connected with the committee to which they are assigned, shall report to the Principal Clerk of the Senate and,
in

clerical or

order to expedite the work of the Senate, shall perform such stenographic work as may be assigned to them.

Rule n'3. Principal Clerk to prepare Journal. The Principal Clerk shall cause the Journal of the Senate to be typewritten in duplicate, original and carbon, the original to be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State as the record, and the other (carbon) copy to be delivered to the State Printer. Rule
plies
<i4.

Principal Clerk

to

order supplies. All necessary sup-

and stationery for the Senate, its various offices and committees of the Senate shall be purchased upon requisition of the
Principal Clerk with the approval of the President of the Senate.

General Rules
Rule 65. President
olutions,
to sign papers. All acts, addresses and reswarrants and subpoenas issued by order of the be signed by the President.
all

and

Senate shall

Rule 66. Privileges of floor. No person except members of the Senate, members of the House of Representatives, Clerks, Pages, Interns and Employees of the General Assembly designated by the President, Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts, the

Governor and Council of State, former members of the General Assembly, and persons particularly invited and extended the privileges of the floor by the President shall be admitted to the floor of the Senate during its Session, provided: No registered lobbyist shall be admitted to the floor of the Senate or Senate Chamber while the Senate is in Session.
Rule 67. Admittance of Press. The President may assign such space or place on the floor of the Senate to representatives of news media desiring to report the proceedings of the Senate in accordance with the regulations filed with the Rules Committee by the President of the Senate. A copy of said regulations shall be filed with the Principal Clerk of the Senate and made available
to

any member of the Senate or news media upon request.

Senate

427

Rule 68. Absence without leave. No Senator or officer of the Senate shall depart the service of the Senate without leave, or receive pay as a Senator or officer for the time he is absent without leave.

Placing matter on Senator's desks. No papers, writmatter shall be placed on the desks of the Senators or distributed in the Senate Chamber without

Rule

Gt>.

ings, pamphlets, or printed

approval of the Principal Clerk.
Rule 70. Assignment of Offices. The Chairman of the Rules Committee, subject to the approval of the Committee, is authorized to make assignments from session to session of committee rooms and adjacent offices to designated committees and chairmen and shall do so promptly upon appointment in order to facilitate the
organization of the Senate, and shall make assignments of individual offices, subject to the approval of the Committee. In making such assignments of individual offices, the said Chairman shall give preferential consideration to the respective members

according to the total length of service which each rendered in the General Assembly.

member has

Rule 71. Alterations, suspension or rescission of rules. No rule of the Senate shall be altered, suspended, or rescinded except on a two-thirds vote of the Senators present.

Convening Hour. The House shall convene each legday at the hour fixed by the House on the preceding legislative day; in the event the House adjourns on the preceding legislative day without having fixed an hour for reconvening, the House shall reconvene on the next legislative day at twelve o'clock
Rule
1.

islative

noon.

Rule

2.

legislative day the Speaker shall call the members to order, shall have the session opened with prayer.

Opening the Session. At the convening hour on each and

Rule

3.

qualified

Quorum, (a) A quorum members of the House.

consists of a majority of the

(b) On the point of no quorum's being raised, the doors shall be closed and the Clerk shall call the roll of the House, after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over. Fifteen

members, including the Speaker, are authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, and may order that absentees for whom no sufficient excuses are made shall be taken into custody as they appear, or wherever they may be found by special messenger appointed for that purpose.

I

P.

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ai.

1. Approval of Journal. The Committee on the Journal examine daily the Journal of the House before the hour of convening to determine if the proceedings of the previous day have

Rule

shall

been correctly recorded.

Immediately following the opening prayer and upon appearance quorum, the Speaker shall call for the report of the Committee on the Journal as to whether or not the proceedings of the previous day have been correctly recorded; the Speaker shall then cause the Journal to be approved. Without objection, the Journal
of a
shall stand

approved.

Rule 5. Order of Business of the Day. After the approval of the Journal of the preceding day, the House shall proceed to business in
the following order:

of petitions, memorials and papers addressed General Assembly or to the House. (2) Reports of standing committees. (3) Reports of select committees.
(1)
to the

The receiving

(4)
(5) (6)

Introduction of Resolutions. Introduction of Bills. The unfinished business of the preceding day.
Bills, resolutions, petitions,

memorials, messages, and other their exact numerical order, unless displaced by the order of the day; but messages, and motions to elect officers shall always be in order. (8) Reading of Notices and Announcements.
(7)

papers on the

Calendar

in

II.

Conduct of Debate

Rule (i. Duties and Powers of the Speaker, (a) The Speaker shall have general direction of the Hall. He may name any member to perform the duties of the Chair, but substitution shall not extend in rase of sickness or by leave of the ••pt beyond one day. House.
<

<

(b) In the event the Speaker, by reason of physical or mental incapacity, is unable to perform the duties of the Chair, the Chairman of the Rules Committee shall be Speaker pro tempore, and shall

perform

all

the Speaker

may assume

of the duties of the Speaker until such time as the Chair.

Mouse of Representatives
Rule
7.

447

Obtaining Floor, (a)

When any member
from
his seat
shall

desires recog-

nition for

any purpose, he

shall rise

address the Speaker. the Speaker.
(b)

No member

and respectfully proceed until recognized by

When a member desires to interrupt a member having the he shall first obtain recognition by the Speaker and permission of the member occupying the floor, and when so recognized and such permission is obtained, he may propound a question to the member occupying the floor; but he shall not propound a series of interrogatories or otherwise interrupt the member having the floor; and the Speaker shall, without the point of order being
floor,

raised, enforce this rule.

Rule 8. Questions of Personal Privilege. At any time, upon recognition by the Speaker, any member may rise to speak to a question of personal privilege, and upon objection to his proceeding, the Speaker shall determine if the question is one of privilege.
Points of Order, (a) The Speaker shall decide questions may speak to points of order in preference to other members arising from their seats for that purpose. Any member may appeal from the ruling of the Chair on questions of order; on such appeal no member may speak more than once, unless by leave

Rule

9.

of order and

of the House.

A two-thirds ( ) vote of the members present shall be necessary to sustain any appeal from the ruling of the Chair.
(b) When the Speaker calls a member to member called to order shall take his seat.

%

A

may

order, the member clear a matter

of fact, or explain, but shall not proceed in debate so long as the decision stands. If the member appeals from the ruling of the Chair and the decision be in favor of the member called to order, he may proceed; if otherwise, he shall not; and if the case, in the

judgment of the House require
the House.

it,

he shall be liable to censure by

Rule 10. Limitations on Debate. No member shall speak more than twice on the main question, nor longer than thirty minutes for the first speech and fifteen minutes for the second speech, unless allowed to do so by the affirmative vote of a majority of the members present; nor shall he speak more than once upon an amendment or motion to commit or postpone, and then not longer than ten minutes. But the House may, by consent of a majority of the mem-

I

is

Nor in C

utoi

i

\

\

Jh\i

\i

bers present, suspend the operation of this rule during any debate on any particular question before the House, or the Committee on Rules may bring in a special rule that shall be applicable to the

debate on any

hill.

Rule 11. Reading of papers. When there is a call for the reading of a paper which has been read in the House, and there is objection to such reading, the question shall be determined by a majority
vote of the

members

of the

House present.

Rule 12. General Decorum, (a) The Speaker shall preserve order and decorum.
(b)

Decency

id'

speech shall he observed and personal reflection
is

carefully avoided. (c) When the Speaker

putting any question, or addressing the Mouse, no person shall speak, stand up, walk out of or cross the Mouse, nor when a member is speaking, entertain private discourse.', stand up, or pass between the member and the Chair.
or the consumption of food or beverages shall not on door of the House while the House is in session. the be permitted (e) Smoking or the consumption of food or beverages shall not
(d)

Smoking

be permitted in the galleries at any time.

111.

Motions

Muttons Generally, (a) Speaker or any (b) When a motion is made, it or. if written, it shall be handed to
Rule
13.

to writing, if the

Every motion shall be reduced two members request it.
shall be stated by the Speaker, the Chair and read aloud by the

Speaker or Clerk before debate. (c) After a motion has been stated by the Speaker or read by the Speaker or Clerk, it shall be in the possession of the House;
it may be withdrawn before a decision or amendment, except case of a motion to reconsider, which motion, when made by a member shall be in possession of the House and shall not be with-

hut
in

drawn without leave of

the House.

Rule 14. Motions, Order of Precedence. When there are motions before the House, the order of precedence is as follows:

House
Previous question adjourn lay on the table

of Representatives

44!)

To To To To To To To To To

postpone indefinitely postpone to a day certain

commit

amend an amendment amend
substitute

pass the

bill

No motion to lay on the table, to postpone indefinitely, to postpone to a day certain, to commit or to amend, being decided, shall be again allowed at the same stage of the bill or proposition.
Rule 15. Motion to Adjourn, (a) A motion to adjourn shall be seconded before the motion is put to the vote of the House.

A motion to adjourn shall be decided without debate, and always be in order, except when the House is voting or some member is speaking; but a motion to adjourn shall not follow a motion to adjourn until debate or some other business of the House has intervened.
(b)
shall

Rule
in

before the motion

(a) A motion to table shall be seconded put to the vote of the House, and is always order except when a motion to adjourn is before the House. (b) A motion to table shall be decided without debate.
16.

Motion

to Table,
is

(c)
bill

A
A

motion
all

to table a bill shall constitute

a motion to table the

and

amendments

thereto.

motion to table an amendment sent up from the floor motion to table the principal bill or any other amendment which has been offered thereto, and if such motion is carried, only the amendment shall lie upon the table.
(d)
shall not be construed as a
(e) When a question has been tabled, the same shall not be acted upon again during the session except by two-thirds ( % ) vote.

Motion to Postpone Indefinitely. A motion to postpone always in order except when a motion to adjourn or to lay on the table is before the House; however, after one motion to postpone indefinitely has been decided, another motion to
Rule
17.

indefinitely is

[50

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\

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w,

postpone indefinitely shall
the
bill

not be allowed at the

same stage

of

or proposition. When a question has been postponed indefinitely, the same shall not he acted on again during the session. except upon a two-thirds (%) vote.

Rule

IS.

Motion

to

Reconsider, (a)

When

a motion has been once

made and decided in the affirmative or negative, it is in order for any member of the majority to move for the reconsideration thereof, on the same or succeeding legislative day, unless it may have
subsequently passed the Senate; Provided, that unless the vote by which the motion was originally decided was taken by a call of the ayes and noes, any member may move to reconsider. A motion to reconsider shall be determined by a majority (I))
vote, except a

motion

to

reconsider a motion tabling a motion to
2
(

reconsider, which shall require a two-thirds

s

)

vote.

IV. Previous

Question

Rule 1!». I'n rums Question. The previous question may be called only by the members submitting the report on the bill or other matter under consideration, by the member introducing the bill or other matter under consideration, or by the member in charge of the measure, who shall he designated by the chairman of the

committee reporting the same to the House at the time the bill or other matter under consideration is reported to the House or taken up for consideration.
Rule 20. Form and Effect of Previous Question, (a) The previous question shall be as follows: "Shall the main question now be put?" When the call for the previous question has been decided in the affirmative by a majority vote of the House, the "main question" is on the passage of the bill, resolution or other matter under consideration, including all pending amendments. If pending, the question shall be taken upon such

amendments arc amendments in

inverse order.
(hi The call for the previous question shall preclude all motions, amendments and debate, except the motion to adjourn made prior
to the

to

determination of the previous question. Should the motion adjourn be made prior to the determination of the previous question, the House shall vote first on the motion to adjourn

Hoi ink and then,
if

(ik

Rkimjkskatativks

451

the motion to adjourn fails, the

members

shall vote on

the call for the previous question.

main (c) If the previous question is decided in the negative, the question remains under debate.

V. Voting

Rule

21.

Stating Questions, (a) The Speaker shall rise to put a
shall be

question.
(b)

The question

put in this form, namely, "Those in

(as the question may be) will say 'Aye'," and after the affirmation voice has been expressed, "Those opposed will say 'No'."

favor

or

a question to be divided into two on separately, and the Speaker shall determine whether the question admits of such a division.
(c)

Any member may

call for

more propositions

to be voted

Determining Question. Unless otherwise provided by North Carolina, all questions shall be determined by the members present and voting.
Rule
22.

the Constitution of

Rule
of the

23.

Voting by Division.

Any member may

call for

a division

members upon the question before the

result of the vote

has been announced. Upon a call for a division, the Speaker shall cause the number voting in the affirmative and in the negative to be determined. Upon a division and count of the House on any question, no member out of his seat shall be counted.

Before a question is put, any memayes and noes. If the call is sustained by onefifth (1/5) of the members present, the question shall be decided by the ayes and noes upon a roll call vote, taken alphabetically. (b) Every member who is in the hall of the House when the question is put shall give his vote upon a call of the ayes and noes, unless the House for special reasons shall excuse him, and no application to be excused from voting or to explain a vote shall

Rule

24. Roll Call Vote, (a)
call for the

ber

may

be entertained unless

made before

the call of the

roll.

Rule

25.

Voting by Absentees, (a)

No member

shall vote

on any

question when he was not present when the question the Speaker, except by the consent of the House.

was put by

152

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i)f

[f ;tny member is necessarily absenl on temporary business House when a vote is taken upon any question, upon entering the House he shall be permitted, on request, to vote, provided that
ill)

the

the result shall not be affected thereby.
(c)

When

a

member, he

shall,

member who is present is paired with an absent when his name is called on a roll call vote, an-

nounce the pair, which shall be recorded by the Principal Clerk.
2t\. Voting by Speaker. In all elections the Speaker may vote. other instances he may exercise his right to vote, or he may reserve this right until there is a tie, but in no instance may he vote twice on the same question.

Rule
all

In

VI.

Committees

Rule 27. Committees Generally, (a) All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker, unless otherwise specially ordered by the House.
(1))

mittee
(c)

Any member may excuse himself from serving on any comif he is a member of two standing committees.
The Chairman and five other members of any committee quorum of that committee for the transaction

shall

constitute a

of business.
(d) In any joint meeting- of the Senate and House committees, the House Committee may in its discretion reserve the right to vote separately.

Rule 28. Appointment of Standing Committees, (a) At the commencement of the session the Speaker shall appoint a standing

committee on each of the following subjects, namely:
Agriculture.

Appropriations.

Ranks and Banking. Commercial Fisheries and Oyster Industry. Commissions and Institutions for the Blind.
1

Rule, standing committees and subcommittees thereof shall permit other members of the General Assembly, the press, and the general public to attend all sessions of said committees or sub-

committees.
(c) The chairman or other presiding officer shall have general direction of the meeting place of the committee or subcommittee and, in case of any disturbance or disorderly conduct therein, or
if the peace, good order, and proper conduct of the legislative business is hindered by any individual or individuals, the chairman or presiding officer shall have power to exclude from the session

any individual or individuals so hindering the legislative business or, if necessary, to order the meeting place cleared of all persons not members of the committee or subcommittee.
(d)

Upon
in

the affirmative vote of a majority of the
final action

members

of

any standing committee or subcommittee, executive sessions
held,
(e)

may

be

but

no event shall

be taken in executive sessions.

Procedure in the committees shall be governed by the rules of the House, so far as the same may be applicable to such procedure.

Rule

30. Coutui

it

tec

Hearings. The Chairmen of

all

committees

shall notify, or cause to be notified, the first named introducer on such bills as are set for hearing before their respective com-

mittees as to the date, time and place of such hearing.

Rule 31. Committee of the Whole House, (a) A Committee of Whole House shall not be formed, except by suspension of the rules, if there be objections by any member. (b) After passage of a motion to form a Committee of the Whole House, the Speaker shall appoint a chairman to preside in committee, and the Speaker shall leave the Chair.
the

House of Representatives

455

(c) The rules of procedure in the House shall be observed in the Committee of the Whole House, so far as they may be applicable, except the rule limiting the time of speaking and the previous

question.

committee
is

In the Committee of the Whole House a motion that the rise shall always be in order, except when a member speaking, and shall be decided without debate.
(d)
(e)

submitted to the Committee of the Whole and debated by sections, leaving the preamble to be last considered. The body of the bill shall not be defaced or interlined, but all amendments, noting the page and line, shall be duly entered by the Clerk on a separate paper as the

When
it

a

bill

is

House,

shall be read

shall be agreed to by the committee, and so reported to the House. After report, the bill shall again be subject to be debated and amended by sections before a question on its passage be taken.

same

VII.

Handling of Bills

Rule 32. Reference to Committee. Each bill not introduced on the report of a committee shall immediately upon its introduction be referred by the Speaker to such committee as he deems appropriate.

Rule

33.

Introduction of Bills and Resolutions,

(a)

shall be introduced in regular order of business, except

Every bill upon per-

mission of the Speaker or on the report of a committee. (b) Any member introducing a bill or resolution shall briefly endorse thereon the substance of the same.

Rule 34. Papers Addressed to the House. Petitions, memorials and other papers addressed to the House shall be presented by the Speaker a brief statement of the contents thereof may be verbally made by the introducer before reference to a committee, but such papers shall not be debated or decided on the day of their first
;

being read, unless the House shall direct otherwise.
Bills, Copies Required, (a) Whenever introduced, a carbon copy thereof shall be attached thereto, and the Principal Clerk shall cause said carbon copy to be numbered as the original resolution or bill is numbered, and shall cause the same to be available at all times to the member

Rule 35. Introduction of
bill is

any resolution or

introducing the same.

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Whenever

a public bill is introduced, it shall be in

such form

and have such copies accompanying same as designated by the Speaker, and any bill submitted without the required number of copies shall be immediately returned to the introducer. The Clerk
shall
hill.

stamp the copies with the number stamped upon the original

Duplicating of Hill ft. The Principal Clerk shall cause are introduced to be duplicated in such numbers as may he specified by the Speaker. On the morning following the delivery of the copies, the Chief Clerk shall cause the Chief Page

Rule

.'i(i.

such

bills as

have one copy put upon the desk of each member, one copy put in member, and shall retain the other copies in his office. A sufficient number of copies for the use of the committee to which the bill is referred shall be delivered to the chairman or clerk of that committee by the Chief Page. If the bill is passed by the House, the Chief Clerk shall deliver the remaining copies to the Principal Clerk of the Senate for the use of the Senate.
to

the office of each

(

h

I

The

cost of duplicating shall be paid

from the contingent

fund of the House of Representatives.

Rule 37. Report by Committee. All bills and resolutions shall be reported from the committee to which referred, with such recommendations as the committee may desire to make.
(a) Farm-able Report. When a committee reports a bill with the recommendation that it be passed, the bill shall be placed on the

favorable calendar.
(b) Report Without Prejudice. When a committee reports a bill without prejudice, the bill shall be placed on the favorable calendar.

Unfavorable Report. When a committee reports a bill with recommendation that it be not passed, and no minority report accompanies it, the bill shall be placed on the unfavorable calendar.
(c)

the

(d) Minority Report. When a bill is reported by a committee with a recommendation that it be not passed, but it is accompanied by a minority report sig-ned by at least one-fourth (%) of the members of the committee who were present and voting when the
bill

shall be:

was considered in committee, the question before the House "The adoption of the minority report." If the minority
is

report

adopted by majority vote, the

bill

shall be placed

on the

House

of Representatives

457

favorable calendar for consideration. If the minority report fails of adoption by a majority vote, the bill shall be placed on the unfavorable calendar.

Rule 38. Removing Bill from Unfavorable Calendar.

A

bill

may

be removed from the unfavorable calendar upon motion carried by a two-thirds (%) vote. A motion to remove a bill from the unfavorable calendar is not debatable; but the movant may, before making the motion, make a brief and concise statement, not more

than

five

minutes

in length, of the reasons for the motion.

Rule 39. Reports on Appropriation and Revenue Bills. All comCommittee on Appropriations, when favorably reporting any bill which carries an appropriation from the State, shall indicate same in the report, and said bill shall be referred to the Committee on Appropriations for a further report before being acted upon by the House. All committees, other than the Committee on Finance, when favorably reporting any bill which in any way or manner raises revenue or levies a tax or authorizes the issue of bonds or notes, whether public, public-local, or private,
mittees, other than the

same in the report, and said bill shall be referred Committee on Finance for a further report before being acted upon by the House.
shall indicate
to the

Rule 40. Recall of Bill from Committee. When a bill has been introduced and referred to a committee, if after ten days the committee has failed to report thereon, then the introducer of the bill or

some member designated by him may, after three days' public notice given in the House, on motion supported by a vote of twothirds ( % ) of the members present and voting, recall the same from the committee to the floor of the House for consideration and
such action thereon as a majority of the members present
direct.

may

Rule 41. Calendars. The Clerk of the House shall keep a separate calendar of the public, local, and private bills, and shall number them in the order in which they are introduced, and all bills shall be disposed of in the order they stand upon the Calendar; but the Committee on Rules may at any time arrange the order of precedence in which bills may be considered.

IBS

Nor in Carolina Mani
1^.

\i

Every bill shall receive three passage. The introduction of the hill shall constitute its first reading, and the Speaker shall give nut ice at each subsequent reading whether it be the second or third
(a)

Rule

readings

in

Readings of Hills, the House prior to

its

reading.
lit No Mil shall be read more than once on the same day without the concurrence of two-thirds (%) of the members present
i

and voting.
Defeated Bill, (a) Subject to the provisions of of this Rule, after a bill has been tabled or has failed to pass on any of its readings, the contents of such bill or the principal provisions of its subject matter shall not be embodied
(b)

Rule

43. Effect of

subsection

in any other measure. Upon the point of order being raised and sustained by the Chair, such measure shall be laid upon the table, and shall not he taken therefrom except by a two-thirds (%) vote.

(b) No local bill shall be held by the Chair to embody the provisions of or to be identical with any statewide measure which has Keen laid upon the table, or failed to pass any of its readings.

Amendments and Riders. No amendment or rider to a before the House shall be in order unless such rider or amendment is germane to the bill under consideration.
Rule 44.
bill

Conference Committees, (a) Whenever the House shall amendments put by the Senate to a bill originating- in the House, or shall refuse to adopt a substitute adopted by the Senate for a bill originating in the House, a conference committee shall be appointed upon motion made, consisting of the number named in the motion; and the bill under consideration shall thereupon go to and be considered by the joint conferees on the part of the House and Senate.
45.

Rule

decline or refuse to concur in

(b) Only such matters as are in difference between the two houses shall he considered by the conferees, and the conference report shall deal only with such matters. The conference report shall not be amended.
(c)

sentatives

Except as herein set out, the rules of the House of Repreof Congress shall govern the appointment, conduct,

and reports of the conferees.

House

of Representatives

459

VIII. Legislative Officers

and Employees

Rule 46. Elected Officers. The House shall elect a Principal Clerk, a Reading Clerk, and a Sergeant-at-Arms. The Principal Clerk shall continue in office until another is elected. Rule 47. Assistants to Principal Clerk and Sergeant-at-Arms. The Principal Clerk and the Sergeant-at-Arms may appoint, with
the approval of the Speaker, such assistants as may be necessary to the efficient discharge of the duties of their various offices. One or more of such assistants may be assigned by the Speaker from the Principal Clerk's office to the office of the Attorney General

for the purpose of drafting

bills.

Rule 48. Speaker's Clerk, Chaplain and Pages, (a) The Speaker may appoint a Clerk to the Speaker, a Chaplain of the House, and he may also appoint fifteen pages to wait upon the sessions of the House; when the pressure of business may require, the Speaker may appoint five additional pages. be under (b) When the House is not in session, the pages shall
the supervision of the Principal Clerk.

Rule

49.

Committee Clerks, (a) The Chairman of each
:

of the

following committees may, with the approval of the Speaker, appoint a clerk to his committee Agriculture; Appropriations; Banks and Banking; Congressional Districts; Commercial Fisheries and

Whenever the Speaker deems it advisable, he may assign two or more committees.

a

(c) The leader of the minority party may, with the approval of the Speaker, be assigned a clerk.

liio

Nok

i

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idi By and with the consent and approval of the Chairman of any of the above committees, the clerk of said committee may be assigned to special duty with other committees under the supervision of the Principal Clerk of the House.

Rule 50. Compensation of Clerks. No clerk, laborer, or other person employed or appointed under Rules 47, 48, and 49 hereof shall receive during such employment, appointment, or service any compensation from any department of the State Government, or from any other source, and there shall not be voted, paid or awarded any additional pay, bonus or gratuity to any of them, but
they shall receive only the pay
duties and services.

now provided by law

for such

IX. Privileges of the Hall

Rule 51. Admittance to Flour. No person except members, officers and employees of the General Assembly, Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts, State officers and former members of the General Assembly who are not registered under the provisions of
Article 9 of Chapter 120 of the Genei-al Statutes of North Carolina shall be allowed on the floor of the House during its session, unless

permitted by the Speaker.

Admittance of Press. Reporters wishing to take down be admitted by the Speaker, who shall assign such places to them on the floor or elsewhere, to effect this object, as shall not interfere with the convenience of the House.
Rule
52.

debates

may

Rule 53. Extending Courtesies. Courtesies of the floor, galleries or lobby shall not be extended by the Speaker on behalf of any member except upon the Speaker's motion and by written request.
Rule
54.

Order

in Galleries

or disorderly conduct

in

other presiding officer

is

and Lobby. In case of any disturbance the galleries or lobby, the Speaker or empowered to order the same to be cleared.
X. General Rules

House

Pule 55. Attendance of Members. No member or officer of the shall absent himself from the service of the House without

leave, unless

from sickness or

disability.

House of Representatives
Rule
56.

46i

dresses,
Officer.

Documents to be Signed by the Speaker. All Acts, adand Resolutions and all warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker or Presiding
Rule

Placement of Material on Members" Desks. Persons of the General Assembly, officers or staff thereof shall not place or cause to be placed any material on members' desks without obtaining approval of the Speaker or the Principal
57.

other than

members

Clerk.

Any

printed material so placed shall bear the

name

of the

originator.

Rule 58. Rules, Rescission and Alteration, (a) No standing rule or order shall be rescinded or altered without one day's notice
given on the motion thereof, and to sustain such motion two-thirds of the House shall be required. ( )

%

thirds

Except as otherwise provided herein, the House upon two(%) vote of the members present and voting may temporarily suspend any rule.
(b)

Daniel Killian Moore, Democrat, was born in Asheville, N. C, April 2, 1906. Son of Fred and Lela (Enloe) Moore. Attended Public Schools of Sylva, N. C; University of North Carolina; graduated with B.S. degree in Business Administration, 1927; University of North Carolina Law School, 1927-28. Lawyer and business executive. Member Phi Beta Kappa; Masonic Order; Civitan Club; Rotary Club. Attorney for Town of Sylva, 19311933 Attorney for Jackson County, 1933; Legal Representative, Jackson County Board of Education, for 12 years; Solicitor 30th Judicial District, 1945; Representative from Jackson County in the General Assembly of 1941; appointed Judge of 30th Judicial
;

Superior Court, 1948; elected Judge in 1950; resigned Vice-Chairman, North Carolina Board of Water Resources, 1959-1964. Member State Democratic Executive Committee; delegate, State and National Democratic Party Conventions; Precinct Chairman; member various county and State committees. Division Counsel and Assistant Secretary, Champion Papers, Inc.. Canton, N. C, 1958-1964; Director, University of North Carolina Law School Foundation; Director U.N.C. General Alumni AssociaDistrict,
in

1958.

tion;

former member, Morehead Scholarship Committee; former

member North Carolina Railroad Board of Directors. Served in ETO, U.S. Army, 1943-1945. Member Edenton Street Methodist
Church, Raleigh,
Tenn.,
Jr.,

was born near Haw River. Son of W. Kerr and Mary Attended Hawfields Graded School.
1929.

THAD EURE
SECRETARY OF STATE
of Hertford County, was born November Gates County, N. C. Son of Tazewell A. and Armecia (Langstun) Eure. Attended Gatesville High School, 1913-1917; University of North Carolina. 1917-1919; University Law School,

Thad Eure, Democrat,

15, 1899, in

Biographical Sketches
1921-1922; Doctor of
yer.

483

Laws (honorary), Elon

College, 1958.

Law-

1923-1928. County attorney for Hertford County, 1923-1931. Member of General Assembly of 1929. representing Hertford County. Principal Clerk of the House of Representatives, Sessions of 1931, 1933, and 1935, and Extra Session, 1936. Presidential Elector First District of North Carolina, 1932. Escheats Agent, University of North Carolina. 19331936. Elected Secretary of State in the General Election of No-

Mayor

of

Winton,

vember 3, 1936, and assumed duties of the office December 21, 1936, by virtue of executive appointment, ten days prior to the commencement of Constitutional term, on account of a vacancy
then occurred. Re-elected Secretary of State in General Elections of 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960 and 1964. President. Ahoskie Kiwanis Club, 1927. Theta Chi Fraternity; Junior Order; B.P.O. Elks and a Grand Lodge Chair Officer, 1956; T.P.A.; Chairthat

of Trustees, Elon College; American Legion, Forty and Eight; President, National Association of Secretaries of State, 1942, and became the Dean in 1961. Keynote speaker, Democratic State Convention, 1950, and permanent Chairman, 1962. Congregational Christian Church. Married Minta Banks of Winton, N. C. November 15, 1924. Of this union there are two children, a daughter and a son, Mrs. J. Norman Black, Jr., and Thad Eure, Jr. Seven grandchildren. Legal residence, Winton, Hertford County.

September 16, 1940; released from active duty November 1941; recalled to active duty October 7, 1942; relieved from active duty December 14, 1945. Veteran World War II, Post No. 53 American Legion Local; Local No. 506 Forty and Eight. Deacon, Hayes Barton Baptist Church; member Board of Trustees Wake
Forest College. 1949-1952, 1955-1958. 1960-1963, 1965-. Appointed State Auditor February 15, 1947; elected four-year term 1948; re-elected 1952, 1956, 1960 and 1964. Married Clarice Hines, December 12, 1936. Two children: Joseph Henry, age twenty-four years, George Hines, age twenty-one years. Home address: 2618

Grant Ave.. Raleigh, N.

C.

EDWIN MAURICE GILL
STATE TREASURER

Edwin Maurice

Gill,

July 20. 1899. Son of

Thomas

Democrat, was born in Laurinburg, N. C. Jeffries and Mamie (North) Gill.

Graduate of Laurinburg High School; Trinity College, 1922-1924. Representative in the General Assembly from Scotland County, 1929 and 1931. Private Secretary, Governor Gardner, 1931-1933; Commissioner of Paroles. 1933-1942; appointed Commissioner of Revenue by Governor Broughton, serving from July 1, 1942 to July 1. 1949. Admitted to the Bar. January 28, 1924, and practiced law in Laurinburg, 1924-1931 as a member of the firm of Gibson and Gill, and practiced law in Washington, D. C, 1949-1950 as a member of the firm of Gardner. Morrison & Rogers. Member

ure
:tary of

Stale

L.

Bridges Auditor

Gill

Treasurer

T. Carroll rintendent of Public net ion

Jruton
jney General

A.

Graham

[nissioner of Agriculture

jCrane

nissioner of

Labor

S.

Lanier

uissioner of Insurance

|m;

Xni;

i'ii

Cakoj

i

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\

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<i(

North Carolina Bar Association and the Bar of the District of Columbia. Collector and Director of Internal Revenue, Greensboro, X. C., 1950-1953. Appointed by Governor Umstead Treasurer of North Carolina, July 20, 1953, and elected to this office November 2, 1954. Re-elected for four year term, November r 6, l!). )<;, Novembers, 1980 and November 3, 1964. Ex-officio: Chairman of Stale Banking Commission; Chairman of Local Government Commission; Director of Local Government; Chairman of Tax Review Hoard; Chairman and Investment Officer of Board of Trustees of Teachers & State Employees' Retirement System;

Board of Commissioners of the Law Enforcement and Retirement Fund; member and Investment Officer for Board of Trustees of Local Governmental Employees' Retirement System; member of State Board of Education; member of State Board of Assessment; member of the Sinking Fund Commission. President American Parole Association, 1940-1941; President Southeastern State Probation and Parole Association. Prison Director American Association. 1939-1940. 1939-1940; Fleet memb r of Executive Committee of the National Tax As-

member

of

Officers'

Benefit

(1

sociation in 1944 for three year term. Elected member of Executive Committee of National Association of Tax Administrators in 1946
for
sion.

two-year term. Former member of X. C. Probation Commis-

Former member of State Art Commission; member Board of Trustees, X. C. State Art Museum. Member of the American Legion; Sigma Nu Phi, Legal Fraternity; Omicron Delta Kappa. leadership Fraternity, honorary member, Duke University. 1940;
Beta

North Carolina Education Association. President, Council of Chief State School Officers, 1960-1961; member Commission on Accreditation of (Armed) Service Experiences of the American Council on Education, 1959-1962; Advisory Council of Project Talent, University of Pittsburg; National Commission on Safety Education of the National Education Association, 1957-1963; member, President's Panel of Consultants on Vocational

Education, 1961-1962;

former member, National Advisory Committee for the Exchange of Teachers; member Board of Control, Southern Regional Education Board since 1952; member and advisory councilman on Education for Exceptional Children of Southern Regional Education Board; President, Associated Public School Systems, 1951-1952; member Civil Defense Advisory Council; member ex-ofncio, Board of Trustees of Greater University; member Board of Trustees, High Point College; member ex-officio, N. C. State Art Society; Museum of Art; State Library Commission; Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System; Local Government Employees' Retirement System; North Carolina Atomic Energy Advisory Committee; N. C. Recreation Commission; N. C. Symphony Society; Governor Richard Caswell Memorial Commission; Advisory Commission for the Museum of Natural History. Former State Director of Rural Education of the Department of Rural Education of the National Education Association. Honorary member and Past President of Rotary Club of High Point. Former member High

Thomas Wade Bruton, Democrat, was born in Capelsie, N. C, September 10, 1902. Son of David Dudley and Susan Eleanor (Wade) Bruton. Attended Montgomery County Public Schools;
Virginia Military Institute, A.B. degree, 1925; Duke University Law School, 1925-1927. Admitted to practice law in North Carolina in 1927. Member North Carolina Bar Association; Honorary Order
of the Coif

James Allen Graham, Democrat, was born in Cleveland, Rowan County. N. ('., April 7, 1921. Son of James Turner and Laura Blanche (Allen) Graham. Attended Cleveland High School, graduated 1938; North Carolina State University, 1942, B.S. in Agri-

August Frank Crane, Democrat, was born at Waxhaw, N. Son of James Thomas and Mary Emma (Lathan) Crane. Attended Marvin Elementary School, 1913-1918; Weddington Inof stitute, 1919-1922; Prospect High School, 1923-1927; University North Carolina, A.B., 1931 University of North Carolina Summer School of 1931, 1932, 1933 and 1934; night course in Personnel Management, North Carolina State College, 1939. Athletic Director and Instructor, Welcome High School in Davidson County, 1931-1934. Safety Director, North Carolina Industrial Commission, 1934-1938; Administrative Assistant, North Carolina Employment Service, 1938-1939; Factory and Wage and Hour Inspector, North
18, 1907.
;

C

Carolina Department of Labor, 1939-1940; Director of Conciliation and Arbitration Division, 1941-1954. Appointed Commissioner of Labor by Governor William B. Umstead for the unexpired term of the late Forrest H. Shuford, June 3, 1954; elected to the office of Commissioner of Labor in the General Election of November 2, 1954; re-elected for four years November 6, 1956, November 8, 1960 and November 3, 1964. Ex-officio member N. C. Employ the Physically Handicapped Commission. Member Governor's Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee; Governor's Committee on Studying

Problems of Aging, and Governor's Delegate to the 1961 White House Conference on Aging; Executive Board International Association of Governmental Labor Officials Board of the Governor's Occupational Health Council; Advisory Committee to the U. S. Surgeon General on Occupational Health; Advisory Council on Naval Affairs sixth Naval District; President's Committee on Safety. Association of State Mediation Agencies; Society for the Advancement of Management; American and State Forestry Associations. Attended thirty annual meetings of Southern Industrial
;

Edwin Sidney Lanier, Democrat, was born in Bullock County (now a part of Candler. County), Georgia, on July 19, 1901. Son of Richard and Hassie Banks Lanier (deceased), R.F.D. 1, Metter, Georgia. Attended State Normal School (a teachers college), Athens, Georgia, 1917-21; enrolled in the University of North Carolina's School of Commerce, Chapel Hill, N. C, 1921-24, as

member of the class of 1925; part-time special student in University of North Carolina Law School, 1930-34 (did not graduate). Teacher and athletic coach, 1924-30, Baptist Orphanage High School, Thomasville, N. C. Student Financial Aid Director, University of North Carolina, 1930-1961. Member of Chapel Hill, N. C,
of Aldermen, 1945-49; Mayor of Chapel Hill, 1949County Commissioner, Orange County, N. C, 1954-56; State Senator from the 16th Senatorial District, 1957 and 1959. Named North Carolina Personnel Director, by the Governor and the State Personnel Council, October 31, 1961. Appointed Commissioner of Insurance by Governor Terry Sanford, July 5, 1962, as successor to Charles F. Gold who served as Commissioner of Insurance from 1953 until his death on June 28, 1962. Nominated by State Democratic Executive Committee for Commissioner of Insurance and elected by the people in the November 6, 1962 General Election for the remainder of the term; re-elected for four year term, November 3, 1964. Baptist. Member Board of Trustees, Baptist Orphanage of North Carolina, 1945-49. Married Nancy Thelma Herndon, Durham, N. C, 1934. Children: Mrs. John Jacobs and Edwin Sidney Lanier, Jr. Legal residence: Chapel Hill, N. C, Raleigh. N. C. residence: 2436 Oxford Road.
54;

Town Board

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIALS APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR
CHARLES JEROME DUNN,
JR.

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT TO THE GOVERNOR
Jr., Democrat, was born in Philadelphia. June 29, 1934. Son of Charles Rome and Lelia Mae (Whitley) Dunn. Attended Ahoskie High School, Ahoskie, N. C, 1940-1952; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, A.B. in Political Science, 195(5; Graduate School, University of North Carolina in Political Science. Farmer. Member American Political Science Association. Served in U. S. Army Signal Corps, 1957-1959, SP4. Methodist. Married Martha Ellen Sherrill, December 29, 1963. Address: 420 Emerson Drive, Raleigh, N. C.

Charles Jerome Dunn,

Pa.,

GEORGE ROBINSON RAGSDALE
LEGAL COUNSEL TO THE GOVERNOR
Democrat, was born in Raleigh, Son of George Y. and Susan (Jolly) Ragsdale. Attended Georgetown Preparatory School, Garrett Park. Md., graduated, June 1954; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, A.B. in English, 1958; University of North Carolina, School of Law, LL.B., 1961. Lawyer. Member N. C, Wake County and American Bar Associations; Delta Kappa Epsilon; Phi Delta Phi; Order of the Golden Fleece, U.N.C., Chapel Hill; Raleigh Kiwani.Club; Sphinx Club of Raleigh. Winner, Richardson Fellowship from U.N.C. School of Law to the legal staff of U.S. Senator, Sam J. Ervin, Jr., U.S. Senate, Washington, D. C, 1961-1962. Served on Exec. Comm., 10th Judicial District Bar Association, 1964-1965. Member Roman Catholic Church. Married Adora L. Prevost. Waynesville, N. C, October 20, 1962. Children: John Robinson Ragsdale, age 3, and George Y. Ragsdale, TI, age 1. Address: 2401 Churchill Road, Raleigh, N. C.

CLAUDE THOMAS BOWERS
THE ADJUTANT GENERAL
Claude Thomas Bowers, Democrat, was born in Littleton, N. C, July 18, 1899. Son of T. R. and Mary (Dowtin) Bowers. Attended Bowers Private School, 1905-1914; Aurelian Springs High School, 1914-1918; North Carolina State College, 1918. Distributor of petroleum products. Member North Carolina Oil Jobbers Association, on Board of Directors, 1957; Warren County Chamber of Commerce, President, 1957-1958; Board of Town Commissioners, 1947-1951; Warren County Development Corp., President since 1953; Bute Development Corp., Chairman, Board of Directors since
1955; Capital Area Development Association, President, 19581959; North Carolina Veterans Commission, Chairman, 1958-1961. Member 40 & 8; Warrenton Lion's Club, President. 1936-1938;

494

Nouth Carolina Manual

American Legion, Commander, 1927-1928, 1936-1938; Occoneechee Boy Scouts of America, Silver Beaver Award, 1951. Served in U. S. Army from September 18, 1918 to November 7. 1918, and from September 16, 1940 to January 15, 1946 as Private
Council,
to Colonel of the Line; attended

Infantry School (Basic Course),

and Infantry School (Advance Course), 1940. Served in North Carolina National Guard from January 18, 1921 to September 15, 1940, and from January 16, 1946 to March 31, 1959 as Private to Major General. Member National Guard Association of the United States; Treasurer, National Guard Assn. of the U. S., 1963-. Member Warrenton Baptist Church; Board of Deacons, 1952-1955, 1957- 1960; Chairman of Finance Committee. 1954-1960. Member Board of Trustees, Meredith College. Adjutant General of North Carolina since 1960. Married Hattie Connell, 1925. One daughter, Mrs. Stanley S. Betts. Address: Warrenton
1930,

N. C.

EDWARD LEE RANKIN,

JR.

DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF ADMINISTRATION
Jr., Democrat, was born in Chattanooga, Son of Edward Lee and Gladys (Narramore) Rankin. Attended the public schools of Spencer, N. C. and Spencer High School, graduating in 1936; University of North Carolina. A.B. in Journalism, 1940; Naval Officers Training School, Dart-

Edward Lee Rankin,

Tenn.,

May

12, 1919.

mouth
of

College, Certificate, 1942.

Member

Public Relations Society

America; Raleigh Lions Club; Board of Directors, General Alumni Association of University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Director of Public Relations for N. C. State Highway Commission, June 1946-June 1947; Press Secretary to United States Senator William B. Umstead, June 1947-August 1948; worked with Burlington Mills, August 1948-January 1953, having direct supervision of the Public Relations Department; served as Private Secretary to Governor William B. Umstead and Governor Luther H. Hodges, January 1953-1959; became Raleigh Manager for John Harden Associates, January 1, 1960. Served in U. S. Navy from October of 1941 until January of 1946, with 28 months overseas; entered service as Yeoman Second Class and discharged as Lieutenant Commander. Baptist; trustee, Meredith College. Married Frances

Edward Foster Griffin, Democrat, was born in Louisburg, N. C, November 4, 1900. Son of Paul B. and Frances Wilder Griffin. Graduate Louisburg High School; University of North Carolina;

Wake Forest
1923.

College

Law

School. Received law license in August,

C. State Bar Inc.; Franklin County Bar Association, past President; past President 7th Judicial District Bar Association. Solicitor Franklin County Recorder's Court, 1936-1940; Franklin County Attorney, 1946-1954; member State Democratic Executive Committee, 1946-1953; Chairman Franklin County Democratic Executive Committee, 1946-1953. State Senator from the 6th Senatorial District in the General Assembly of 1933 and 1935. Director of N. C. Civil Defense since March 1.
tors, 1960-61.

Lawyer. Member N.

President National Association State Civil Defense DirecConsultant on Civil Defense Preparedness to NATO Council Meeting, Paris, France, Fall of 1960. Enlisted in the N. C. National Guard 113th F. A. Regiment, October 1, 1923; inducted into the Federal Service, September 16, 1940, and commanded the 113th Field Artillery Battalion as part of the 30th Infantry Division through World War II, participating in five
1954.

major engagements in the European Theatre of Operations; discharged in November of 1946 and again joined the N. C. National

Guard

holds rank of

August of 1947 as Division Artillery Executive Officer; Major General and commanded the 30th Infantry Division (Old Hickory) of North Carolina National Guard until retirement on September 1, 1961, after approximately 38 years military service. Member American Legion, past Commander
in

Dan E. Stewart, Democrat, was born in Johnston County, N. C. January 25, 1903. Son of the late Mr. and Mrs. James E. Stewart. Attended grammar school and high school in Coats, N. C, and Wilkinsburg, Pa.; N. C. State College (now North Carolina
State University at Raleigh), B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering, 1923. Employed by Westinghouse Electrical Corp. in East Pittsburgh and South Philadelphia, Pa. for two years; joined Carolina Power and Light Co., February 1, 1925; served for two years as Distribution Engineer; for eleven years as Industrial Power Sales Engineer; transferred to Asheville as Superintendent of Western

Assistant

Manager

1943, to set up panding into Industrial and Community Development; made Manager, Area Development Dept., 1957; elected Vice President of the

Division, 1938, and after one year, was made of Western Division; transferred to Raleigh. the Agriculture Development Program, later ex-

Company, December
1937;
District

15, 1960. President, Raleigh Lions Club, 1936Governor, Lions International (District 31-A, Western North Carolina), 1940; President, Raleigh Chamber of Commerce, 1959, and has served as member Executive Committee. Has served as member Board of Trustees, Campbell College. Director, Business Development Corporation of North Carolina, and as Vice Chairman, Urban Redevelopment Commission of Raleigh. Resigned presidency of Capital Associated Industries, Inc., and as member Area Development Committee of Edison

Electric
tain

membership

Institute after accepting: present position; plans to rein American Industrial Development Council and

Southern Industrial Development Council. Appointed Director. North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development by Gov. Dan K. Moore, to succeed Acting Director William P.

IV Interstate Conference of Employment Security Agencies, 19501952, 1958-1959 and 1966-67. President Interstate Conference of Employment Security Agencies, 1953-1954, 1962-1963. Member Executive Committee same organization. Listed in Who's Who in the South and Southwest. Married Eliza Katherine Kerr of
Yanceyville, N. Raleigh, N. C.
C.

Presbyterian.

Address:

2814

Exeter Circle,

JOSEPH MARVIN HUNT,

JR.

CHAIRMAN STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION
Joseph Marvin Hunt, Jr., Democrat, was born in Greensboro, N. C, October 19, 1906. Son of Joseph M., Sr., and Pattie (Kirkman) Hunt. Attended Riverside Military Academy, graduating in 1924; attended Duke University. General insurance business. Vice President, Wimbish Insurance Agency. Past President of the Greensboro Association of Insurance Agents, Member Greensboro Sports Council; Greensboro Chamber of Commerce; former member Duke University Athletic Council; former Mayor Pro Tern, Town of Hamilton Lakes; former member Greensboro Special

CHAIRMAN NORTH CAROLINA INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION
in Montgomery County. X. C. Son of 0. D. and Annie (Cornelison) Bean. Attended Montgomery County grammar and high schools; Ether Academy. Taught two years in a public school. Accepted a posiJ.

W. Bean, Democrat, was born
7,

December

1893.

50ii

North Carolina Manual

with the Southern Railway as Clerk, 1916, at Spencer, N. C, and was promoted to various positions, including- General Foreman of Southern Railway Supply Department. Identified with several railroad organizations. Served as alderman and mayor pro tern of Town of Spencer, N. C. Chairman, Spencer School Board. 1928-1946. Served as Chairman of the Rowan County
linn

Board Association and as Chairman of Spencer Precinct Democratic Executive Committee for a number of years. Secretary to Rowan County Democratic Executive Committee, 1928-1950. Member Executive Committee, International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions, 1959-1960. Reappointed as member of the North Carolina Governor's Council on Occupational Health for a three year term by Governor Sanford, January 4. 1962; appointed by Governor Hodges as member of the Atomic
School

Energy Commission, Sept. 30, 1959. Representative from Rowan County in the General Assembly of 1933 and 1935. Secured leaveof-absence from the Southern Railway Company in 1935 for six months to help organize the North Carolina Works Progress Administration as State Director of Labor-Management and Relations. Appointed by Governor Hoey as a member of the North Carolina Manpower Commission. Appointed by Governor Broughton as a member of the Selective Service Board of Appeals, DisNo. 6, serving for the duration of the war. Appointed by Governor Cherry as a member of a nine-man committee to study the needs of Area Vocational Schools in North Carolina. Appointed in May of 1966 by Governor Dan K. Moore as a member of the Emergency Resources Management Planning Committee. Appointed by Governor Cherry in 1945 to a one-year term on the North Carolina Medical Care Commission and reappointed in L946 for a four-year term. Appointed North Carolina Industrial Commissioner by Governor Scott on April 1, 1949, to fill two-year
trict

unexpired term;
term. Appointed

reappointed on

May

1,

1951, for

full

six-year

Chairman North Carolina Industrial Commission by Governor Hodges on December 22, 1954 and reappointed by Governor Hodges for a full six-year term on August 15. 1957; reappointed by Governor Sanford for six-year term, September 9. 1963. Baptist. Married Annie Stutts of Seagrove. N. C. Three children: two sons and one daughter. Address: Raleigh. N. C.

WILLIAM HARRIS GIBSON
MEMBER NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF PAROLES
William Harris Gibson, Democrat, was born in Scotland County, X. C, April 23, 1908. Son of William Davis and Anna (Seals) Gibson. Attended Wagram High School, 1914-1925; Wake Forest College, A.B. degree, 1929, M.A. degree, 1942. Member Society of Former Special Agents of F.B.I. Southern States Probation and Parole Association; Raleigh Rotary Club. Representative from Scotland County in the North Carolina General Assembly, 1935. Special Agent, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1942-1956; Director of Athletics, Wake Forest College, 1956-1964. Member Ridge Road Baptist Church, Raleigh, N. C. Married Susan Bradsher Hester of Roxboro, N. C, 1935. Address: 2209 Lash Avenue. Raleigh, N. C.
;

DAVID HOWARD HEPLER
MEMBER NORTH CAROLINA BOARD OF PAROLES
David Howard Hepler, Democrat, was born in Davidson County, N. C, July 2, 1914. Son of Lacy Everette and Ella (Howard) Hepler. Attended Fair Grove High School, Thomasville, N. C; Wake Forest College, 1932-1934. Member Association of Paroling Authorities; National Council on Crime and Delinquency, Parole Supervisor, 1942-1943; Parole Investigator, 1943-1956; Administrative Assistant Board of Paroles, 1956-1960. Appointed to Board of Paroles by Governor Luther Hodges in 1960; reappointed to Board by Governor Terry Sanford in 1961 and by Governor Dan K. Moore in 1965. Member of Southern States Probation and Parole Commission. Member Gamma Eta Gamma. Baptist. Mar-

COMMISSIONER OF REVENUE
Ivie Law tence Clayton, Democrat, was born in Roxboro, N. C. July 12, 1920. Son of Nathaniel R. and Mary (Harris) Clayton. Attended Roxboro High School, 1937; George Washington University, B.S.. Business Administration, 1942. Enlisted and served in U.S. Army, 1943-46. Member First Baptist Church of Raleigh; Member Board of Deacons. Member Raleigh Kiwanis Club Board of Directors; Board of Directors and Executive Committee Raleigh United Fund; Executive Committee National Association of Tax Administrators; Advisory Council Tax Institute of America; past President and member of Executive Committee Southeastern Association of Tax Administrators. Married Rebecca Wicker, Sanford, X. C. November 26, 1955. Children: Ellen Wicker and Lawrence Wicker. Address: 2108 Dunnhill Drive, Raleigh, N. C.

HUDSON CLATE STANSBURY
DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF TAX RESEARCH

Hudson Clate Stansbury, Democrat, was born in Oakvale, Miss.. September 22, 1915. Son of Criss Monroe and Frances Elizabeth (Farmer) Stansbury. Attended elementary school of La Grange. Texas. 1922-1929; Copiah-Lincoln Agricultural High School and Junior College, 1929-1935; University of North Carolina, B.S. in Commerce. 1947. Member National Tax Association; National As-

Tax Administrators, Chairman, Research Section. Tax Institute; Phi Beta Kappa; Beta Gamma Sigma. Appointed Director Department of Tax Research in September, 1957. Ex-officio member of Tax Review Board and State Board of Assessment; Secretary to the State Board of Assessment; Secretary to the Tax Study Commissions of 1958 and 1966. Corporal in United States Army, 1944-1946; participated in Rhineland and Central European Campaigns as member of 9th Infantry
sociation
of

1959-1960;

Biographical Sketches
Divison

505

;

Board

of

awarded Purple Heart. Methodist; member Official Fairmont Methodist Church of Raleigh, 1955-1966;
:

Harry Tracy Westcott, Democrat, was born in Manteo, N. C, April 13, 1906. Son of George Thomas and Odessa (Tillett) Westcott. Attended Manteo Graded School, 1914-1920; Manteo High School, 1920-1924; North Carolina State University, B.S. degree, 1928. Attended and completed School of Transportation and Marketing conducted by the University of Chicago in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture in New York, 1938. President, Inspectors Association of America, 1941. Marketing Specialist, N. C. Department of Agriculture, 1936-1948. Administrator, Federal Marketing Agreement and Order No. 81 States of N. C. and Virginia. 1H4K. Director of Markets, State of North Carolina, 1948-1950. Appointed by Governor Scott as a member of the Utilities Commission, March 1, 1950. Reappointed for a term of six years, February 1, 1951; reappointed in 1957 by Governor Hodges
for a term of six years and appointed Chairman of the Commission August 1. 1958; reappointed in 1963 for term of eight years, and

Thomas Robert Eller, Jr., Democrat, was born in Trading Ford. N. C. August 23, 1923. Son of Thomas Robert, Sr. and Mary

506

North Carolina Manual
(Safley)
Eller.

Lucy
in

Attended Rowan County Schools, graduating

of 1941; University of North Carolina, A.B., 1949; University North Member 1951. School, Law LL.B., Lawyer. North Carolina Carolina Prisons Commission, 1951-1959; State Democratic Executive

cratic

Committee, 1954-1959; Chairman Transylvania County DemoExecutive Committee, 1954-1958; Town Attorney, Brevard. \. ('.. 1953-1959. Voted "Outstanding Young Man of Transylvania County". 1955. Member Phi Delta Phi Legal Fraternity; Delta Sigma Pi Commerce Fraternity; Order of the Golden Fleece; Order of the Holy Grail. Served in World War II. 194:5-1945; entered as Private and commissioned Second Lieutenant on battleand later given medfield; wounded in action in European Theatre discharged ical discharge; served in Korean War, 1951-1952;

Samuel Otis Worthington, Democrat, was born in Winterville, N. C, January 24, 1898. Son of Samuel G. and Lydia Campbell (Smith) Worthington. Attended rural schools, 1905-1912; Winterville High School, 1912-1917; University of North Carolina, two years of academic work and two years of law, fall of 1917 through summer of 1921. Attorney. Served in the Naval Unit of S.A.T.C. at the University from September 1, 1918 to November 1918. Served in N. C. State Guard October, 1943 to October, 1944. Representative from Pitt County in the General Assembly of 1939, 1941, 1943, 1945, 1947, 1949, 1951, 1953 and 1955. Member Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity. Grand Chancellor of the Order of Knights of Pythias in the State of North Carolina from June, 1930 to July, 1931. Supreme Representative from Domain of North Carolina to Supreme Lodge Knights of Pythias, 1938-1948. Member Greenville Exchange Club; Treasurer, N. C. State Exchange Clubs, 1953-1955. State Utilities Commissioner, June 1, 1953-December 31, 1954; reappointed June 28, 1955; reappointed in 1961 for term of six years. Episcopalian. Married Bessie HarLina Hackett Worthington rison, April 29, 1926. Two children Mays, Greensboro, N. C, and Samuel Otis Worthington, Jr., Greenville, N. C. Three grandchildren, Robert Worthington Mays, Bess Mays and Lydia Campbell Worthington. Home address: Greenville, N. C. Official address: Raleigh, N. C.
:

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIALS APPOINTED BY HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS. BOARDS OR COMMISSIONS
(Subject to approval by the Governor)

ALFRED CLEMENTS DAVIS
CONTROLLER STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION
(Appointed by the State Board of Education)

Clements Davis, Democrat, was born in Hillsborough. 27, 1915. Son of James Arthur and Myrtle (Neighbours) Davis. Attended Hillsborough Elementary and High School.
X.

Alfred

C, June

508

Biographical Sketches

509

1921-1931; University of North Carolina, 1931-193(5, B.S. degree in Commerce, 1936. Member North Carolina Education Association; National Education Association American Association of School Administrators; North Carolina State Employees Association. Delegate to the White House Conference on Education, 1955;
;

served on

several committees with the United States Office of Education in development of handbooks in the State Education Records and Reports series. Employed in the Department of Public Instruction as Accountant, 1936-1941 and as Director of Division of Finance and Statistics, 1941-1943; employed by State Board of Education as Assistant Director of the Division of

JAMES RUSSELL SMITH
FEDERAL PROPERTY OFFICER
(Appointed by the Director, Department of Administration)

James Russell Smith, Democrat, was born in Wilmington, N. C, December 31, 1905. Son of James Fulford and Katie Heide (Craig) Smith. Attended New Hanover County High School, 19201923; The Institute of Government, University of North Carolina; North Carolina State Highway Patrol Training School, Camp Glenn, 1929. Member of the North Carolina State Highway Patrol, 1929-1960; Patrolman to Colonel, 1929-1950; Colonel-Commanding Officer, 1950-1960. Member of the North Carolina Police Executives Association, 1949-1959.

tion

Member of the International AssociaChiefs of Police, 1949-1959; elected President of the State and Provincial Section of the International Association of Chiefs of Police for the two successive years, 1958-1959; served as a member of the Board of Officers of the International Association of Chiefs of Police for the two successive years, 19581.959. Member of the National Association of State Agencies for Surplus Property from 1960; elected President of Area 11 and
of

510

North Carolina Manual

served as a member of the National Committee of the National Association of State Agencies for Surplus Property for 1966-1967.

North Carolina State Employees Association; WilLight Infantry (W.L.I.) Reserve Corps, Wilmington. N. C, Corporal, Battery A, 252nd Regiment, North Carolina National Guard, 1922-1929. Author of "Police Traffic Supervision in North Carolina," published in the December, 1958 issue of the Law Enforcement Bulletin, Federal Bureau of Investigation. United States Department of Justice; contributed a number of other published articles to magazines and newspapers on subjects in the field of Public Safety, Law Enforcement, and TrafficSafety; Co-author of the North Carolina State Highway Patrol Operations Manual and its Manual on Police Pursuit Driving. Appointed Assistant Federal Property Officer, June 9, 1960, and appointed Federal Property Officer for the State of North Carolina. April 1962. Member of the Masonic Lodge No. 319. 1, A.F. & A.M., Wilmington, N. C; 32nd degree Scottish Rite:
of the

Lawrence Adams Watts, Jr., Democrat, was born in WilmingSon of Rev. Lawrence A. and Lallah (Brown) Watts. Attended Hugh Morson High School; North Carolina State University, Class of 1949. Member Professional Engineers of North Carolina. Served in Army Air Force, World War II. Member Fairmont Methodist Church. Married Mary Ann Waldrop. Children: Lawrence A. Watts, III and Lois W. Watts. Address: 3330 Coleton, N. C.

ridge

Drive.

Raleigh,

N. C.

JACOB KOOMEN
STATE

(M.D., M.P.H.)

HEALTH

DIRECTOR AND SECRETARY-TREASURER STATE BOARD OF HEALTH

(Appointed by the North Carolina State Board of Health)

Biographical Sketches

511

18, 1917.

Jacob Koomen, Democrat, was born in Bristol. N. V.. September Son of Jacob and Eva (Bunschoten) Koomen. Attended Pittsford High School. Pittsford. N. Y., 1930-1934; University

of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y.. B.S. degree, 1939; University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, M.D.. 1945; University of North Carolina, School of Public Health. M.P.H., 1957.

Member American Public Health Assn.; American Medical Assn.; Association of State Health Officers; Conference of State & Provincial Health Directors; Southern Medical Assn.; North Carolina Public Health Assn.; Medical Society of the State of North Carolina; North Carolina Health Council; Wake County Medical Society; Raleigh Academy of Medicine; North Carolina Tuberculosis Assn.; North Carolina Academy of Public Health. Received Reynolds Award, North Carolina Public Health Assn.: 1960. Author of approximately fifteen papers in various subjects related to public health. Served as Senior Surgeon, U. S. Public
Health Service. Active Duty, 1954-1956, Inactive Reserve since Member White Memorial Presbyterian Church. Raleigh. N. C; Deacon, 1962-1964; Elder since 1964. Married Ruth Elinor Chapin, August 27, 1943. Children: John Chapin, born August 10. 1945; Marcia Anne, born February 20, 1948; Nancy Carol, born December 3, 1952; Neil Chapin, born January 28. 1956. Address: 909 Dogwood Lane, Raleigh. N. C.
1956.

Graduate Greensboro High School and Fork Union Military Academy, Fork Union, Virginia. Entered State Government as an Interviewer with the Employment Security Commission in 1946; served on Employment Security Commission Training Staff, 19471949; Administrative Assistant, 1949-1952; Business Manager, 1952-1961; Assistant Director of the Department of Conservation and Development, 1961-1963; Assistant State Budget Officer,
troller

1963-1964; State Personnel Director, 1964-1965. Appointed ConState Highway Commission August 1, 1965. Served with Army Air Force in the Pacific (1942-1945) and participated in the invasion of New Guinea and the liberation of the Philippines. Member American Association of State Highway Officials; Southeastern Association of State Highway Officials; American Road Builders Association; American Society for Public Administration; American Management Association; Steering Committee Highway Research Program. Past member of Raleigh Optimist Club serving as Secretary and Treasurer. Past Chairman Supervisory Committee of State Employees' Credit Union. Former member Committee on Policies and Practices in Public Employment of the

Governor's Commission on Status of Women; Raleigh Community Relations Committee representing State Government; State Government Intern Selection Committee; International Association of Personnel in Employment Security. Methodist; Past Steward and member of Official Board of Wynnewood Park Methodist Church;

Willam Freeman Henderson, Democrat, was born in JacksonN. C, October 27, 1913. Son of Thomas M. and Viola (Freeman) Henderson. Attended Jacksonville High School. 1927-1931
:

:.

I

i

Nokth Carolina Manual

University of North Carolina. A.B., 1935; University of North Carolina Graduate' School, 1DM7-1938. Member North Carolina Hospital Association; Director American Association for Hospital Planning; President State and Territorial Hospital and Medical Facilities Survey and Construction Authorities; Member of Board of Directors Association for the North Carolina Regional Medical Program; Chairman Medical Center Study Commission;

Forestry, 1937. Member American Society of Civil Engineers; Society of American Military Engineers; American Association of Port Authorities; South Atlantic Ports Association; Regional Export Expansion Council. Baptist. Married Margaret DeLois Osborne of Winston-Salem. Three daughters. Address: Wilmington.
N. C.

VERNON LELAND BOUNDS
STATE DIRECTOR OF PRISONS
(Appointed by the State Prison Commission)

Vernon Leland Bounds, Democrat, was born in Salisbury, Maryland. October 13. 1918. Son of Floyd S. and Lula F. (Ger-

Biographical Sketches

">15

man) Bounds. Attended Elkton High

School, Elkton, Md., 19311935; University of California, Los Angeles, 1941; University of Virginia, 1945-1947; University of Virginia Law School, 19471949, LL.B.; University of Pennsylvania Law School, 1950-1951. Member American Correctional Assn., elected to Board of Directors, 1966; American Correctional Administrators Assn., appointed Treasurer, 1966; National Council on Crime and Delinquency. Lecturer in Law, University of Virginia Law School, 1949; Bigelow Teaching Fellow, University of Chicago Law School, 1949-

Law and Administration, University of Pennsylvania Law School, 1950-1951; Professor in Public Law and Government, University of North Carolina. Institute of Government, 1952-1965; Director, University of North Carolina Training Center on Delinquency and Youth Crime, 19621965. Served in U.S. Navy, 1936-1941, A. S. to Chief Petty Officer; U.S. Naval Reserve (active duty), 1941-1945, Ensign to Lieutenant; U.S. Naval Reserve (active duty), 1951-1952, Lieutenant Commander; U.S. Naval Reserve (inactive), since 1952. Married Marjorie Belle Sorrell, July 15, 1966. One daughter, Bobbi Lee Wilson, age 24; one son, Michael F. Bounds, age 22; and one stepson, Michael L. Upchurch, age 20. Address: P. 0. Box 1134. Chapel Hill. N. C.
1950; Bicentennial Fellow in Criminal

CHARLES MEADE CLODFELTER
DIRECTOR STATE PROBATION COMMISSION

(Appointed by the North Carolina State Probation Commission)
Charles Meade Clodfelter, Democrat, was born in Lexington. N. C, January 10, 1918. Son of Dr. Charles M. and Theresa Lucille (Hege) Clodfelter. Attended Lexington High School; North Carolina State University, Wake Forest College; Institute of Government. Member Southern States Probation and Parole Conference, Chairman, Resolutions Committee, 1965-1966; National Council on Crime and Delinquency. Entered State Government as Probation Officer, 1947, Division Supervisor, 1962-1965; appointed Director, Probation Commission, November 1, 1965. Served in Army Air Force, 1942-1945. Member First Methodist Church; Board of Stewards. Married Faye Snipes, August 24. 1940. Four

FRANK BROWN TURNER
STATE PROPERTY OFFICER
(Appointed by the Director Department of Administration)

Frank Brown Turner, Democrat, of Dare County, was born in Oxford. N. C. Son of Lewis B. and Emma Caroline (Bumpass) Turner. Attended Durham High School, 1920-24; North Carolina State College. B.S., 1928, M.S., 1931. Consulting engineer. Member Professional Engineers of N. C, President, 1956; American Society of Professional Engineers; American Society of Mechanical

CLIFTON MORTON CRAIG
COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WELFARE
(Appointed by the State Board of Public Welfare)

Morton Craig, Democrat, was born in Durham, N. C, 1918. Son of Clifton M. and Hester (Billings) Craig. Attended University of North Carolina, B.S. degree in Commerce. 939; George Washington University, 1953, Master Business AdClifton

August
1

4.

ministration; U.S. Navy Postgraduate School (Comptrollership) U.S. Air Force Radar School; U.S. Army Communications School;

Ralph James Andrews. Democrat, was born in Norton, Kansas, July 6, 1906. Son of Fred R. and Effie M. (Stout) Andrews. Attended University of Nebraska, 1924-1929. BPE and B.SC; Graduate Schools of University of Nebraska and University of Montana, 1935-1939; Peabody Graduate School. M.A. and 2 years of work toward Ph.D. Member American Institute of Park Ex-

Travel Council; N. C. Council for Social Service; N. C. Life Council; Family Camping Club of America; Boy Scouts of America (Committeeman). Has worked in education in elementary, junior high school and high school through underX.
('.

Family

graduate (Head of Department of Athletics, Health. Physical Education and Recreation of Western Carolina College). Professor in Graduate School, Peabody College, Coordinator of wartime education for the North Carolina State Department of Public Instruction and North Carolina Director of a Kellogg Foundation Study on School-Community Health Study. Who's Who (in (1) American Education and in (2) South and Southwest). Has contributed many articles to recreation and education journals; Associate Editor,

Park and Recreation, American

Institute of

Park

Executives; also articles in American Banker, Journal of American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation and others; State College Certificate of Appreciation (1963) in recognition of services. Received highest honors of American Fnstitute of Park Executives, American Recreation Society (the Fellow Award); Appointed by Governor as member of Kerr Reservoir Development Commission, Governor's Committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Adult Crime, Governor's Coordinating Council on Aging, Governor's Committee on Water Safety, and North Carolina Council on Natural Resources. Captain, U. S. Army. L943-1944 and 1950-1952. Local Commander (1957) and State Commander (1958), Amvets. Member Highland Methodist. Married Clarine G. Anderson, May 27. 1928. One son, Robin 1)., born in 1945, and one daughter, Tarnie F., horn in 1950. Address: 1419 Ridge Road, Raleig-h. N. C.

COLLIN McKINNE
DIRRCTOR NORTH CAROLINA VETERANS COMMISSION

(Appointed by the Commission)

Biographical Sketches

519

Collin McKinne, Democrat, was born in Louisburg, N. C, January 27, 1921. Son of Malcolm and Ethelynd (Peterson) McKinne. Attended Mills Elementary School of Louisburg, 1927-1935; Webb School, Bell Buckle, Tenn., 1935-1939; N. C. State College, B.S. in Industrial Engineering; graduate, Regular Course, Command and General Staff College, U. S. Army. Member Board of Alcoholic Control of Town of Louisburg; Secretary-Treasurer Franklin County Young Democratic Club, 1953-1954; Deputy State Director of Civil Defense, 1954-1955. Appointed Director North Carolina Veterans Commission, October 15, 1957. Served in European Theatre of Operations, U. S. Army World War II; discharged as Captain; member N. C. National Guard since World War II and presently Executive Officer 30th Infantry Division Artillery, with rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Member Kappa Sigma; American Legion; Forty & Eight; Veterans of Foreign Wars; American Veterans of World War II. Episcopalian; Vestryman, St. Paul's Episcopal Church of Louisburg. Married Betty C. Hochenedel of

George Eugene Pickett, Democrat, was born in Durham, N. C, October 20, 1907. Son of Henry Saunders and Betty (Ward) Pickett, both deceased. Attended Fuller School, Durham, N. C, 1914-1921; Central High School, Durham, 1921-1926; N. C. State
University, 1930, B.S. in Engineering; University of Pittsburgh,

Advance Management, MPE-15, 1955. Member National Society of Professional Engineers of North Carolina; American Society of Civil Engineers; Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers; Society of American Military Engineers; Raleigh Engineers Club; Raleigh Lions Club. Served in U.S. Army, 1940-1962, Colonel. Member Edenton Street Methodist Church; member Board of Stewards since 1964. Married Queoga Ward, October 8, 1926. Two sons; George E. Pickett, Jr., Raleigh, N. C. and J. Dan
\t.

Pickett, C.

Charlotte,

N. C. Address:

3308 Felton Place, Raleigh,

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICIALS APPOINTED BY HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS, BOARDS OR COMMISSIONS
(With no approving authority)

CHRISTOPHER CRITTENDEN
DIRECTOR OK THE STATE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHIVES AND HISTORY

(Appointed by the Executive Board of the Department)
Christopher Crittenden, Democrat, was born in Wake Forest. N. C, December 1, 1902. Son of Charles Christopher and Ethel (Taylor) Crittenden. Attended Wake Forest Grammar and High Schools. A.B., Wake Forest College, 1921 and A.M. in 1922, Litt.D. in 1956; Yale University, Ph.D., 1930; LL.D., University of North Carolina in 1961. Director State Department of Archives and History (formerly the State Historical Commission) since 1935; Secretary State Literary and Historical association since 1935;

member American
dent

Historical

and

Southern

Historical

associa-

tions; President Society of

American Archivists, 1946-1948;

Presi-

American Association for State and Local History, 19401942; President Archeological Society of North Carolina, 19481950, 1955-1956; member Board of Trustees, Olivia Raney Library; member Wake County Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, 1959. Principal Roxobel, N. C, Public School, 1922-1923; Instructor in History. Yale University, 1924-1925; University of North Carolina 19261929 Assistant Professor of History, University of North Carolina 1930-1935. Author of North Carolina Newspapers before 1790; The Commerce of North Carolina 1763-1789; and various historical articles and book reviews. Editor-in-Chief the North
;

Justus Bier was born in Nuremberg, Germany, May 31, 1899. Son of Jacob and Minna (Honig) Bier. Studied at Universities of Munich. Erlangen, Jena, Bonn and Zurich; Ph.D. Magna Cum Laude, University of Zurich, 1924. Member College Art Ass'n of America: Southeastern College Art Conference; Southern Art
ence;

Directors Association; Southeastern Museums ConferInternational Council of Museums; American Society for Aesthetics, Chairman of session on problems in Aesthetics, 1954;

Isaac Epps Ready, Democrat, was born in Johnston, S. C, December 17. 1903. Son of Edgar Lowndes Ready and Elise Epps Ready. Attended Johnston, S. C, public schools; University of South Carolina, A.B. "Cum Laude," 1925, A.M., 1929; New York
University, Ed.D., 1949; other graduate study: University of Carolina, Chapel Hill; University of Chicago; Harvard University, and Columbia University. Member North Carolina

Alexander Kenan Brock, Democrat, was born in Winston-Salem, N. C, December 26, 1924. Son of the late Judge Walter E. and Elizabeth (Ashcraft) Brock. Attended Raleigh Public Schools; The Citadel, Charleston, S. C; University of North Carolina; U.S. Army School of Administration; School of Insurance, Hartford, Conn. Engaged in office furniture business, and also operates
Brock
Office

Cameron Waddell Lee, Democrat, was born in Asheville, N. C. November 23, 1914. Son of Ralph E. and Mabel (Robinson) Lee.
Attended Asheville City Schools, 1921-1931; University of South Carolina, B.S. in Civil Engineering, 1935. Member N. C. Society of Engineers; Southeastern Association of State Highway Officials; American Association of State Highway Officials; American Road Builders' Association; appointed as member of Transport Committee of American Association of State Highway Of1960, and a member of the Planning and Design Policies Committee, 1964 and Joint AASHO- National Highway Users Joint Committee, 1965. Commander U. S. Navy (Reserve); active duty, 1942-1946 and 1951-1953. Baptist; formerly belonged to Presbyterian Church and served as Deacon, 1948-1951 and Elder 1954-1957. Married Helen Lawhon of Union, S. C, June of 1942. Children: Cameron, Jr., age 23; Richard, age 19; David, age 17; Edwin, age 11. Address: 205 West Sycamore Street, Wake Forest,
ficials,

BLAINE MARK MADISON
COMMISSIONER OF JUVENILE CORRECTION
(Appointed by the Board of Juvenile Correction)
Blaine Mark Madison, Democrat, was born in Olin, Iredell County, N. C. Son of Charles M. and Molly (White) Madison. Attended Union Grove High School, graduating in 1926; High Point College, A.B., 1929; Duke University, M.A., 1933 and M.Ed.. 1939. Member National Association of Training Schools and Juvenile Agencies; American Prison Association; American WelNorth Carolina Council for Social Service fare Association Kappa Delta Pi Honorary Scholarship Fraternity in Education. Author of numerous professional articles for North Carolina Education, North Carolina Christian Advocate, The State, PTA Bulletin and Bulletin Service of the Methodist Church of the United States. President Adult and Juvenile Delinquency Division North Carolina Council for Social Service; President North Central District of North Carolina Education Association, 1950; President Raleigh Unit North Carolina Education Association, 1949; Treasurer Southeastern Division of Child Welfare League of America, 1948; Chairman Governor's Committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime; Special Consultant President's Committee on Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime; President of the National Association of Training Schools and Juvenile Agencies July 1965-June 1967; Member of the Professional Council of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency Janu;
;

Biographical

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527

ary 1966-December 31, 1968; President Raleigh Family Service Society, 1949. Appointed Commissioner of the State Board of Correction and Training July 1, 1956. Member Raleigh Lions Club, First Vice-President, 1951. Member Edenton Street Methodist Church of Raleigh; past Chairman Board of Stewards; Teacher of Fidelis Bible Class; former Lay Leader of the Raleigh District of the Methodist Church; former Treasurer of the Board of Lay Activities of the North Carolina Methodist Conference; member Board of Education of the North Carolina Conference; Executive Committee of the North Carolina Council of Churches; Executive Committee of the Southeastern Jurisdictional Council of the Methodist Church. Married Helen Williams, 1935. Address: 1809 McDonald Lane, Raleigh. N. C.

ELWOOI) BOYD DIXON
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
N.
C.

LAW ENFORCEMENT

OFFICERS' BENEFIT

AND RETIREMENT

Fl'NP

(Appointed by the Board of Commissioners)

Elwood Boyd Dixon, Democrat, was born in Edward, Beaufort County, N. C, February 27, 1905. Son of Dr. William Harvey and Carrie Maxwell (Boyd) Dixon. Attended Ayden High School, Ayden, N. C, 1918-1921; Randolph Macon Military Academy, Bedford, Va., 1921-1922; University of North Carolina, graduating, 1926, B.S. in Business Administration; Stonier Graduate School of