Industrial Worker

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O F F I C I A L N E W S P A P E R O F T H E I N D U S T R I A L W O R K E R S O F T H E W O R L D
Review: “Lines Of
Work” Shares Workers’
Experiences 9
Wobblies Participate
In May Day Actions
Worldwide 6-7
INDUSTRIAL WORKER
South Florida IWW
Making Progress
5
J u n e 2 0 1 4 #1 76 6 Vo l . 1 1 1 N o. 5 $2 / £ 2 / € 2
Reaching Out To Prisoner-Workers:
The New IWW Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee
Solidarity With
Factory Occupation
In Istanbul 12
Photo: FW Brianna
Wages Of Class War: Reflections On Portland’s May Day
Photo: FW Shane
IWW Environmental Unionist Caucus Protests
Portland IWW banner on May Day.
By FW Jim Del Duca
A delegation representing the recent-
ly-formed IWW Incarcerated Workers
Organizing Committee (IWOC) traveled
to Birmingham, Ala., on April 26 to offer
IWW support to the Free Alabama Move-
ment (FAM) in their struggle for abolition
of prison slavery and transformation of the
Alabama prison system. Approximately
40 family members and friends of state
prisoners gathered in historic Kelly In-
gram Park, where 1960s Black civil rights
activists (supporting Rev. Martin Luther
King, Jr.) resisted police attack dogs and
high-pressure water hoses to demand
justice and equality. The park is across the
street from the 16th Street Baptist Church,
where, in 1963, a dynamite-bomb was
detonated by white supremacists, killing
four African-American choir girls. This
historic location will now add another civil
rights milestone—the frst public outreach
of the IWW IWOC.
In early March of this year, an IWW
delegate was introduced, via Facebook,
to FAM organizer and spokesperson Mel-
vin Ray, a current Alabama inmate. Ray
explained to IWW organizers that, using
smuggled cellphones, he and his fellow
organizing committee members have
managed to build a campaign for resisting
their captivity and pressuring for positive
change, all from within prison. Using
only a cellphone, FAM created a website
(http://freealabamamovement.com), a
YouTube channel with a large number
of documentary videos, an online book
explaining their grievances and detailing
their demands, and a draft of a legislative
bill for prison reform which they wish
to be introduced to the Alabama state
legislature. They were also able to enact a
10-day work stoppage that took place at St.
Clair Correctional Facility in early January
of this year and that was intended to get
the attention of the state government by
disrupting production in prison industries.
Continued on 6
By FW Shane
May Day can be your local mixer of
“who’s who” in the radical and progressive
scene, giving ample excuse to bring out
the fags and dust off IWW songs from the
1930s. As we are heading into deep periods
of post-crisis recession,
institutional union bust-
ing, increasing repression
of civil liberties, and a
general crisis in work-
ing-class confidence, it
can take something like
May Day, or International
Workers’ Day, to bring
back people’s confdence
in the movements they
are seeding.
The May Day event in
Portland, Ore., has been
marked by a unity of radi-
calism and “Big Labor,”
where unions participate
alongside anarchists just
as they would in more conventional Labor
Day parades. In the wake of the Occupy
Movement, the march in 2012 was glossed
with police confrontation and militant
street action. The last two years saw a far
more tame show by comparison, but saw
steady participation and rhetoric about
both capitalism and corporate control
without using coded language to soften
the blow.
This year, as many as 1,000 people de-
scended on Portland’s South Park Blocks
to frst rally, then march, bringing together
a diverse crowd that seemed to highlight a
few key ideas. As with the event in 2013,
immigration was a top focus with signs
donning slogans like “No One Is Illegal,”
and the crowd had a larger infux of Span-
ish speakers. Both universal health care
and a call for a $15 per hour minimum
wage were popular targets, part of which is
from the local $15 Now campaign pushed
by groups like Socialist Alternative. This
is on the heels of Seattle’s announcement
that they will be the frst city to institute
a $15 minimum wage, which was a main
platform point of their new socialist city
council member. Though the 10-year plan
to institute this new minimum wage leaves
a lot to be desired, it clearly was motivat-
ing a great deal of action locally. Portland
IWW’s new High $5 campaign was infect-
ing new life into the discussion of what
wage increases can mean beyond simply
adjusting the minimum wage, especially
since its goal looks at $5 per hour raises
through organizing in the workplace.
Whether it was targeting the Transat-
lantic Trade and Investment Partnership
(TTIP), looking towards labor issues or
suggesting a critique of late capitalism
itself, economics is still at the forefront of
a day used to celebrate the success of the
eight-hour workday.
Since May Day is an annual event that
is not dependent on a specifc campaign,
we often see more generalized anti-capital-
ist language. All of this is built on a set of
ideological ideas, since, as the history of
the holiday suggests, these are ongoing
struggles that are not disappearing after
individual campaigns are won or lost. With
that being known, it can often be more of a
Continued on 7
By Karen Hansen
The IWW Environmen-
tal Unionist Caucus (EUC)
protested the Koch brothers’
PetCoke Facility on April 28
in Pittsburgh, Pa., the Chev-
ron Refnery on April 29 in
Richmond, Va., and Crude
by Rail at the Union Pacifc’s
Ozal Train Yard in St. Marti-
nez, Calif. on April 30.
Union organizer and environmental
activist Elliot Hughes released a statement
that the IWW EUC would take several
direct actions over those three days to or-
chestrate a general strike of the poor, the
unemployed and the working class. “Our
goal is the liberation of the people on the
planet that is our home. With the increas-
ing amount of industrial disasters, we
cannot wait any longer because the health
and safety of all workers of
the world is on the line.”
Hughes furthered that,
“We must reclaim our lives
and the land from the ruling
class that oppress us every
moment. I call on the workers
of the world to form a united
front and spend this next year
to prepare for a global gen-
eral strike. We build strike
support in the form of self-suffciency and
mutual aid, as well as sharing our skills
and trades with all. From guerrilla garden-
ing and land reclamation to wildcat strikes
and workplace take overs there are many
ways to abolish wage slavery and live in
harmony with the earth.”
This piece was originally published
on Examiner.com. It was reprinted with
permission from the author.
Photo: EUC
Free Alabama Movement member in Birmingham, April 26.
Elliot Hughes.
Page 2 • Industrial Worker • June 2014
Africa
Uganda
IWWKabale Uganda: Justus Tukwasibwe Weij-
agye, P.O. Box 217, Kabale , Uganda, East Africa.
jkweijagye[at]yahoo.com
Asia
Taiwan
Taiwan IWW: c/o David Temple, 4 Floor, No. 3, Ln. 67,
Shujing St., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 40641 Taiwan.
098-937-7029. taIWWanGMB@hotmail.com
Australia
New South Wales
Sydney GMB: sydneywobs@gmail.com. Laura, del.,
lalalaura@gmail.com.
Newcastle: newcastlewobs@gmail.com
Woolongong: gongwobs@gmail.com
Lismore: northernriverswobblies@gmail.com
Queensland
Brisbane: P.O. Box 5842, West End, Qld 4101. iww-
brisbane@riseup.net. Asger, del., happyanarchy@riseup.
net
South Australia
Adelaide: wobbliesSA@gmail.com, www.wobbliesSA.
org. Jesse, del., 0432 130 082
Victoria
Melbourne: P.O. Box 145, Moreland, VIC 3058. mel-
bournewobblies@gmail.com, www.iwwmelbourne.
wordpress.com. Loki, del., lachlan.campbell.type@
gmail.com
Geelong: tropicaljimbo@gmail.com
Western Australia
Perth GMB: P.O. Box 1, Cannington WA 6987. perthwob-
blies@gmail.com. Bruce, del.,coronation78@hotmail.
com
Canada
IWWCanadian Regional Organizing Committee (CAN-
ROC): c/o Toronto GMB, P.O. Box 45 Toronto P, Toronto ON,
M5S 2S6. iww@iww.ca
Alberta
Edmonton GMB: P.O. Box 4197, T6E 4T2. edmontongmb@
iww.org, edmonton.iww.ca.
British Columbia
Red Lion Press: redlionpress@hotmail.com
Vancouver GMB: 204-2274 York Ave., V6K 1C6.
604-732-9613. contact@vancouveriww.com. www.
vancouveriww.com
Vancouver Island GMB: Box 297 St. A, Nanaimo BC, V9R
5K9. iwwvi@telus.net. http://vanislewobs.wordpress.
com
Manitoba
Winnipeg GMB: IWW, c/o WORC, P.O. Box 1, R3C 2G1.
204-299-5042, winnipegiww@hotmail.com
New Brunswick
Fredericton: fredericton@riseup.net,
frederictoniww.wordpress.com
Ontario
Ottawa-Outaouais GMB & GDC Local 6: 1106 Wellington
St., P.O. Box 36042, Ottawa, K1Y 4V3. ott-out@iww.org,
gdc6@ottawaiww.org
Ottawa Panhandlers Union: Raymond Loomer, interim
delegate, raymond747@hotmail.com
Peterborough: c/o PCAP, 393 Water St. #17, K9H 3L7,
705-749-9694. Sean Carleton, del., 705-775-0663,
seancarleton@iww.org
Toronto GMB: P.O. Box 45, Toronto P, M5S 2S6. 647-741-
4998. toronto@iww.org. www.torontoiww.org
Windsor GMB: c/o WWAC, 328 Pelissier St., N9A 4K7.
519-564-8036. windsoriww@gmail.com. http://wind-
soriww.wordpress.com
Québec
Montreal GMB: cp 60124, Montréal, QC, H2J 4E1. 514-
268-3394. iww_quebec@riseup.net
Europe
European Regional Administration (ERA): P.O. Box 7593
Glasgow, G42 2EX. www.iww.org.uk
ERA Organisation Contacts
Central England Organiser: Russ Spring, central@iww.
org.uk
Communications Department: communications@iww.
org.uk
Cymru/Wales Organiser: Danny Bowles, cymruwales@
iww.org.uk
East of Scotland Organiser: Dek Keenan, eastscotland@
iww.org.uk
Membership Administrator: Rob Stirling, membership@
iww.org.uk
Merchandise Committee: merchandise@iww.org.uk
Organising and Bargaining Support Department:
organising@iww.org.uk
Research and Survey Department: research@iww.org.uk
Secretary: Frank Syratt, secretary@iww.org.uk
Southern England Organiser: Nick Ballard, south@iww.
org.uk
Tech Committee: tech@iww.org.uk
Training Department: training@iww.org.uk
Treasurer: Matt Tucker, treasurer@iww.org.uk
West of Scotland Organiser: Keith Millar, westscotland@
iww.org.uk
Women’s Ofcer: Marion Hersh, women@iww.org.uk
ERA Branches
Clydeside GMB: clydeside@iww.org.uk
Cymru/Wales Caerdydd/Cardif GMB: wales@iww.org.uk
Edinburgh GMB: edinburgh@iww.org.uk
Tyne & Wear GMB: tyneandwear@iww.org.uk
Bradford GMB: bradford@iww.org.uk
Leeds GMB: leeds@iww.org.uk
Manchester GMB: manchester@iww.org.uk
Shefeld GMB: shefeld@iww.org.uk
Nottingham GMB: notts@iww.org.uk
West Midlands GMB: westmids@iww.org.uk
Bristol GMB: bristol@iww.org.uk
Reading GMB: reading@iww.org.uk
London GMB: london@iww.org.uk
Belgium
Floris De Rycker, Sint-Bavoplein 7, 2530 Boechout,
Belgium. belgium@iww.org
German Language Area
IWWGerman Language Area Regional Organizing
Committee (GLAMROC): IWW, Haberweg 19, 61352 Bad
Homburg, Germany. iww-germany@gmx.net. www.
wobblies.de
Austria: iwwaustria@gmail.com, wien@wobblies.at.
www.iwwaustria.wordpress.com.
Berlin: Ofenes Trefen jeden 2.Montag im Monat im Cafe
Commune, Reichenberger Str.157, 10999 Berlin, 18 Uhr.
(U-Bahnhof Kottbusser Tor). Postadresse: IWWBerlin, c/o
Rotes Antiquariat, Rungestr. 20, 10179 Berlin, Germany.
berlin@wobblies.de.
Bremen: iww-bremen@freenet.de. iwwbremen.
blogsport.de
Cologne/Koeln GMB: c/o Allerweltshaus, Koernerstr.
77-79, 50823 Koeln, Germany. cologne1@wobblies.de.
www.iwwcologne.wordpress.com
Frankfurt - Eurest: IWWBetriebsgruppe Eurest
Haberweg 19 D- 61352 Bad Homburg. harald.stubbe@
yahoo.de.
Hamburg-Waterkant: hamburg@wobblies.de
Kassel: kontakt@wobblies-kassel.de. www.wobblies-kassel.
de
Munich: iww.muenchen@gmx.de
Rostock: rostock@wobblies.de. iww-rostock.net
Switzerland: wobbly@gmx.net
Greece: iwwgr@yahoo.gr. iww.org.gr
Iceland: Heimssamband Verkafólks / IWWIceland,
Reykjavíkurakademíunni 516, Hringbraut 121,107
Reykjavík
Lithuania: iww@iww.lt
Netherlands: iww.ned@gmail.com
Norway IWW: 004793656014. post@iwwnorge.
org. http://www.iwwnorge.org, www.facebook.com/
iwwnorge. Twitter: @IWWnorge
United States
Alabama
Mobile: Jimmy Broadhead, del., P.O. Box 160073, 36616.
tr0g@riseup.net
Alaska
Fairbanks GMB: P. O. Box 80101, 99708. Chris White, del.,
907-457-2543, ccwhite@alaska.com. Facebook: IWW
Fairbanks
Arizona
Phoenix GMB: P.O. Box 7126, 85011-7126. 623-336-
1062. phoenix@iww.org
Flagstaf IWW: 206-327-4158, justiciamo@gmail.com
Four Corners (AZ, CO, NM, UT): 970-903-8721, 4corners@
iww.org
Arkansas
Fayetteville: P.O. Box 283, 72702. 479-200-1859.
nwar_iww@hotmail.com
California
Los Angeles GMB: (323) 374-3499. iwwgmbla@gmail.
com
Sacramento IWW: 916-825-0873, iwwsacramento@
gmail.com
San Diego IWW: 619-630-5537, sdiww@iww.org
San Francisco Bay Area GMB: (Curbside and Buyback IU
670 Recycling Shops; Stonemountain Fabrics Job Shop
and IU 410 Garment and Textile Worker’s Industrial
Organizing Committee; Shattuck Cinemas; Embarcadero
Cinemas) P.O. Box 11412, Berkeley, 94712. 510-845-
0540. bayarea@iww.org
IU 520 Marine Transport Workers: Steve Ongerth, del.,
intextile@iww.org
Evergreen Printing: 2412 Palmetto Street, Oakland
94602. 510-482-4547. evergreen@igc.org
San Jose: SouthBayIWW@gmail.com, www.facebook.
com/SJSV.IWW
Colorado
Denver GMB: c/o Hughes, 7700 E. 29th Avenue, Unit 107,
80238. 303-355-2032. denveriww@iww.org
Connecticut
Connecticut: John W., del., 914-258-0941. Johnw7813@
yahoo.com
DC
Washington DC GMB: P.O. Box 1303, 20013. 202-630-
9620. dc.iww.gmb@gmail.com. www.dciww.org, www.
facebook.com/dciww
Florida
Gainesville GMB: c/o Civic Media Center, 433 S. Main St.,
32601. Robbie Czopek, del., 904-315-5292, gainesvil-
leiww@riseup.net, www.gainesvilleiww.org
South Florida GMB: P.O. Box 370457, 33137. 305-894-
6515. miami@iww.org, http://iwwmiami.wordpress.
com. Facebook: Miami IWW
Hobe Sound: P. Shultz, 8274 SE Pine Circle, 33455-6608.
772-545-9591, okiedogg2002@yahoo.com
Georgia
Atlanta GMB: P.O. Box 5390, 31107. 678-964-5169,
contact@atliww.org, www.atliww.org
Hawaii
Honolulu: Tony Donnes, del., donnes@hawaii.edu
Idaho
Boise: Ritchie Eppink, del., P.O. Box 453, 83701. 208-371-
9752, eppink@gmail.com
Illinois
Chicago GMB: P.O. Box 15384, 60615. 312-638-9155,
chicago@iww.org
Indiana
Indiana GMB: iwwindiana@gmail.com. Facebook:
Indiana IWW
Iowa
Eastern Iowa IWW: 319-333-2476. EasternIowaIWW@
gmail.com
Kansas
Lawrence GMB: P.O. Box 1462, 66044. 816-875-6060
Wichita: Naythan Smith, del., 316-633-0591.nrsmith85@
gmail.com
Kentucky
Kentucky GMB: JP Wright, del., railroadmusic333@
gmail.com
Louisiana
Louisiana IWW: John Mark Crowder, del.,126 Kelly Lane,
Homer, 71040. 318-224-1472. wogodm@iww.org
Maine
Maine IWW: 207-619-0842. maine@iww.org, www.
southernmaineiww.org
Maryland
Baltimore GMB: P.O. Box 33350, 21218. baltimoreiww@
gmail.com
Massachusetts
Boston Area GMB: P.O. Box 391724, Cambridge, 02139.
617-863-7920, iww.boston@riseup.net, www.IW-
WBoston.org
Cape Cod/SE Massachusetts: thematch@riseup.net
Western Mass. Public Service IU 650 Branch: IWW, P.O.
Box 1581, Northampton, 01061
Michigan
Detroit GMB: 4210 Trumbull Blvd., 48208. detroit@
iww.org.
Grand Rapids GMB: P.O. Box 6629, 49516. 616-881-5263.
griww@iww.org
Grand Rapids Bartertown Diner and Roc’s Cakes: 6
Jeferson St., 49503. onya@bartertowngr.com, www.
bartertowngr.com
Central Michigan: 5007 W. Columbia Rd., Mason 48854.
517-676-9446, happyhippie66@hotmail.com
Minnesota
Duluth IWW: P.O. Box 3232, 55803. iwwduluth@riseup.
net
Phoenix Mental Health, P.L.C.: FWJefrey Shea Jones,
3137 Hennepin Ave. S., #102, Minneapolis, MN 55408.
612-501-6807
Red River GMB: redriver@iww.org, redriveriww@gmail.
com
Twin Cities GMB: 3019 Minnehaha Ave. South, Suite 50,
Minneapolis 55406. twincities@iww.org
Missouri
Greater Kansas City IWW: P.O. Box 414304, Kansas City,
64141. 816.875.6060. 816-866-3808. greaterkciww@
gmail.com
St. Louis IWW: P.O. Box 63142, 63163. Secretary: stl.
iww.secretary@gmail.com. Treasurer stl.iww.treasurer@
gmail.com
Montana
Construction Workers IU 330: Dennis Georg, del., 406-
490-3869, tramp233@hotmail.com
Two Rivers IWW: Jim Del Duca, del., 106 Paisley Court,
Apt. I, Bozeman 59715. 406-599-2463. delducja@
gmail.com
Nebraska
Nebraska GMB: P.O. Box 27811, Ralston, 68127. nebras-
kagmb@iww.org. www.nebraskaiww.org
Nevada
Reno GMB: P.O. Box 12173, 89510. Paul Lenart, del.,
775-513-7523, hekmatista@yahoo.com
IU 520 Railroad Workers: Ron Kaminkow, del., P.O. Box
2131, Reno, 89505. 608-358-5771. ronkaminkow@
yahoo.com
New Hampshire
New Hampshire IWW: Paul Broch, del.,112 Middle St. #5,
Manchester 03101. 603-867-3680 . SevenSixTwoRevolu-
tion@yahoo.com
New Jersey
Central New Jersey GMB: P.O. Box 10021, New Brunswick,
08906. 732-692-3491. info@newjerseyiww.org. Bob
Ratynski, del., 908-285-5426. www.newjerseyiww.org
Northern New Jersey: 201-800-2471. nj@iww.org
New Mexico
Albuquerque GMB: P.O. Box 4892, 87196-4892. 505-
569-0168, abq@iww.org
New York
New York City GMB: 45-02 23rd Street, Suite #2, Long
Island City,11101. iww-nyc@iww.org. www.wobblycity.
org
Starbucks Campaign: iwwstarbucksunion@gmail.
com, www.starbucksunion.org
Hudson Valley GMB: P.O. Box 48, Huguenot 12746, 845-
342-3405, hviww@aol.com, http://hviww.blogspot.
com/
Syracuse IWW: syracuse@iww.org
Upstate NY GMB: P.O. Box 235, Albany 12201-0235,
518-833-6853 or 518-861-5627. www.upstate-nyiww.
org, secretary@upstate-ny-iww.org, Rochelle Semel,
del., P.O. Box 172, Fly Creek 13337, 607-293-6489,
rochelle71@peoplepc.com
Utica IWW: Brendan Maslauskas Dunn, del., 315-240-
3149. maslauskas@riseup.net
North Carolina
Greensboro GMB: P. O. Box 5022, 27435. 1-855-IWW-4-
GSO (855-499-4476). gsoiww@riseup.net
North Dakota
Red River GMB: redriver@iww.org, redriveriww@gmail.
com
Ohio
Mid-Ohio GMB: c/o Rife, 4071 Indianola Ave., Columbus
43214. midohioiww@gmail.com
Northeast Ohio GMB: P.O. Box 141072, Cleveland 44114.
440-941-0999
Ohio Valley GMB: P.O. Box 6042, Cincinnati 45206, 513-
510-1486, ohiovalleyiww@gmail.com
Sweet Patches Screenprinting IU 410 Job Shop:
sweetptchs@aol.com
Oklahoma
Tulsa: P.O. Box 213, Medicine Park 73557, 580-529-3360
Oregon
Lane GMB: Ed Gunderson, del., 541-743-5681. x355153@
iww.org, www.eugeneiww.org
Portland GMB: 2249 E Burnside St., 97214, 503-231-
5488. portland.iww@gmail.com, portlandiww.org
Portland Red and Black Cafe: 400 SE 12th Ave, 97214.
503-231-3899. general@redandblackcafe.com. www.
redandblackcafe.com
Pennsylvania
Lancaster IWW: P.O. Box 352, 17608. 717-559-0797.
iwwlancasterpa@gmail.com
Lehigh Valley GMB: P.O. Box 1477, Allentown, 18105-
1477. 484-275-0873. lehighvalleyiww@gmail.com.
www. facebook.com/lehighvalleyiww
Paper Crane Press IU 450 Job Shop: 610-358-9496. pa-
percranepress@verizon.net, www.papercranepress.com
Pittsburgh GMB: P.O. Box 5912,15210. 412-894-0558.
pittsburghiww@yahoo.com
Rhode Island
Providence GMB: P.O. Box 5795, 02903. 508-367-6434.
providenceiww@gmail.com
Tennessee
Mid-Tennessee IWW: Jonathan Beasley, del., 218 S 3rd
St. Apt. 7-6, Clarksville, 37040. beasleyj@apsu.edu
Texas
El Paso IWW: Sarah Michelson, del., 314-600-2762.
srmichelson@gmail.com
Golden Triangle IWW(Beaumont - Port Arthur): gt-
iww@riseup.net
Houston: Gus Breslauer, del., houston@iww.org.
Facebook: Houston IWW
South Texas IWW: rgviww@gmail.com
Utah
Salt Lake City GMB: P.O. Box 1227, 84110. 801-871-
9057. slciww@gmail.com
Vermont
Burlington: John MacLean, del., 802-540-2561
Virginia
Richmond IWW: P.O. Box 7055, 23221. 804-496-1568.
richmondiww@gmail.com, www.richmondiww.org
Washington
Bremerton: Gordon Glick, del., ozonekid@q.com
Seattle GMB: 1122 E. Pike #1142, 98122-3934. 206-429-
5285. seattleiww@gmail.com. www.seattleiww.org,
www.seattle.net
Wisconsin
Madison GMB: P.O. Box 2442, 53701-2442. www.
madison.iww.org
IUB 560 - Communications and Computer Workers: P.O.
Box 259279, Madison 53725. 608-620-IWW1. Madiso-
niub560@iww.org. www.Madisoniub560.iww.org
Lakeside Press IU 450 Job Shop: 1334 Williamson,
53703. 608-255-1800. Jerry Chernow, del., jerry@
lakesidepress.org. www.lakesidepress.org
Madison Infoshop Job Shop:1019 Williamson St. #B,
53703. 608-262-9036
Just Cofee Job Shop IU 460: 1129 E. Wilson, Madison,
53703. 608-204-9011, justcofee.coop
Railroad Workers IU 520: 608-358-5771. railfalcon@
yahoo.com
Milwaukee GMB: 1750 A N Astor St., 53207. Trevor
Smith, 414-573-4992. www.facebook.com/milwaukee-
iww
Northwoods IWW: P.O. Box 452, Stevens Point, 54481
IWW directory
Industrial Worker
The Voice of Revolutionary
Industrial Unionism
ORGANIZATION
EDUCATION
EMANCIPATION
Offcial newspaper of the
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
OF THE WORLD
Post Offce Box 180195
Chicago, IL 60618 USA
773.728.0996 • ghq@iww.org
www.iww.org
GENERAL SECRETARY-TREASURER:
Monika Vykoukal
GENERAL EXECUTIVE BOARD:
Sam Green, Jason Krpan,
DJ Alperovitz, Brian Latour,
Ryan G., Kate D.,
Montigue Magruder
EDITOR & GRAPHIC DESIGNER:
Diane Krauthamer
iw@iww.org
PROOFREADERS:
Maria Rodriguez Gil, Afreen Azim,
Anthony Cage, Joel Gosse,
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By Nate Hawthorne
In “Drifting From Dogma: Towards
Growth And Power,” which appeared
on page 15 of the May 2014 Industrial
Worker, Fellow Worker (FW) Bill Zoda
laid out this plan for the IWW: win. Win
more often than we do now, and win more
than we lose. Use organizing staff, file
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
elections, win those elections and then
do well in negotiations so we win good
frst contracts. In those contracts, have
dues check-off and no-strike clauses. Over
time, keep those contracts, rather than lose
them, and if we have to, “litigate through
a fairly confning process.”
FW Zoda described this plan as a
departure from dogma, adding that his
plan is “based less on ideology and more
on the reality” of the world today. So
basically, FW Zoda thinks he’s right be-
cause he understands the world correctly
and if you disagree, then you’re not only
wrong, you’re out of touch with reality and
you’re putting ideology before practical
concerns. In general, when someone says
“unlike those dogmatic ideologists, I’m a
pragmatist,” we should keep one hand on
our wallets.
FW Zoda wrote “It’s time for a new
strategy,” but what’s new here? FW Zoda’s
plan is the plan of pretty much every union
in North America. Most unions want to
win, which they defne as winning union
elections, getting contracts, and keeping
those contracts rather than having them
lead to decertifcation. Those contracts
tend to involve no-strike clauses and dues
check-off, and most unions rely on staff to
win this way. So basically, FW Zoda calls
for the IWW to take up the same kind
of unionism as pretty much every other
union, the kind that has been typical in
the United States since around the mid-
1930s, but insists that when we do it, it will
somehow work out differently.
I think this plan helped create the
overall decline of the labor movement.
Other unions that pursue this approach
are generally losing. According to the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, less than
7 percent of private sector workers are in
unions, and union membership is even
lower for people under 45 years old. I think
if we follow this plan, we’ll see the same
results: failure. Why will we win if we take
up the same plan that’s losing everywhere
else? Because our goal is to win? Because
we have a strongly worded Preamble?
Something else? FW Zoda doesn’t say.
If It Looks Like A Duck, Walks Like A Duck, Quacks Like A Duck: A Reply To FW Zoda
But let’s say for the sake of argument
that we follow FW Zoda’s plan. Imagine
we do all that and we actually start to win
in the way he describes. What then? What
would we be building? FW Zoda stresses,
“We are not the Service Employees Inter-
national Union (SEIU).” He’s defnitely
right about that. But what does that actu-
ally mean?
FW Zoda doesn’t say what he thinks
the problems are with the SEIU, so it’s not
at all clear how his plan is actually differ-
ent from the kinds of organizing that the
SEIU does. FW Zoda similarly adds that
what he’s talking about is different from
“a business or service model” of unionism,
but again he doesn’t say how. He just says
that his plan is different from that kind of
unionism because of our “radical intent
and drive.” So apparently we could build
unions that look and act the same as the
dominant model of unions in law and in
practice, but they will somehow be really
different because our Preamble says some-
thing like “we like solidarity and do not
like capitalism.” As long as we retain our
purity of intentions, our actions will result
in different outcomes. Why? I don’t know
and he doesn’t specify. I’m unconvinced,
so I guess color me dogmatic.
June 2014 • Industrial Worker • Page 3
__I affrm that I am a worker, and that I am not an employer.
__I agree to abide by the IWW constitution.
__I will study its principles and acquaint myself with its purposes.
Name: ________________________________
Address: ______________________________
City, State, Post Code, Country: _______________
Occupation: ____________________________
Phone: ____________ Email: _______________
Amount Enclosed: _________
The working class and the employing
class have nothing in common. There can
be no peace so long as hunger and want
are found among millions of working
people and the few, who make up the em-
ploying class, have all the good things of
life. Between these two classes a struggle
must go on until the workers of the world
organize as a class, take possession of the
means of production, abolish the wage
system, and live in harmony with the
earth.
We fnd that the centering of the
management of industries into fewer and
fewer hands makes the trade unions un-
able to cope with the ever-growing power
of the employing class. The trade unions
foster a state of affairs which allows one
set of workers to be pitted against another
set of workers in the same industry,
thereby helping defeat one another in
wage wars. Moreover, the trade unions
aid the employing class to mislead the
workers into the belief that the working
class have interests in common with their
employers.
These conditions can be changed and
the interest of the working class upheld
only by an organization formed in such
a way that all its members in any one
industry, or all industries if necessary,
cease work whenever a strike or lockout is
on in any department thereof, thus mak-
ing an injury to one an injury to all.
Instead of the conservative motto, “A
fair day’s wage for a fair day’s work,” we
must inscribe on our banner the revolu-
tionary watchword, “Abolition of the wage
system.”
It is the historic mission of the work-
ing class to do away with capitalism. The
army of production must be organized,
not only for the everyday struggle with
capitalists, but also to carry on produc-
tion when capitalism shall have been
overthrown. By organizing industrially
we are forming the structure of the new
society within the shell of the old.
TO JOIN: Mail this form with a check or money order for initiation
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60618, USA.
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according to your income. If your monthly income is under $2000, dues
are $9 a month. If your monthly income is between $2000 and $3500,
dues are $18 a month. If your monthly income is over $3500 a month, dues
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Organizing Committees (Australia, British Isles, German Language Area).
Membership includes a subscription to the Industrial Worker.
Join the IWW Today
T
he IWW is a union for all workers, a union dedicated to organizing on the
job, in our industries and in our communities both to win better conditions
today and to build a world without bosses, a world in which production and
distribution are organized by workers ourselves to meet the needs of the entire
population, not merely a handful of exploiters.
We are the Industrial Workers of the World because we organize industrially –
that is to say, we organize all workers on the job into one union, rather than dividing
workers by trade, so that we can pool our strength to fght the bosses together.
Since the IWW was founded in 1905, we have recognized the need to build a
truly international union movement in order to confront the global power of the
bosses and in order to strengthen workers’ ability to stand in solidarity with our fel-
low workers no matter what part of the globe they happen to live on.
We are a union open to all workers, whether or not the IWW happens to have
representation rights in your workplace. We organize the worker, not the job, recog-
nizing that unionism is not about government certifcation or employer recognition
but about workers coming together to address our common concerns. Sometimes
this means striking or signing a contract. Sometimes it means refusing to work with
an unsafe machine or following the bosses’ orders so literally that nothing gets done.
Sometimes it means agitating around particular issues or grievances in a specifc
workplace, or across an industry.
Because the IWW is a democratic, member-run union, decisions about what is-
sues to address and what tactics to pursue are made by the workers directly involved.
IWW Constitution Preamble
Anti-Globalization
Toward The Universal Declaration Of Corporate Rights
By Alexis Merlaud
On March 26, 2014, the traffc jams
in Brussels, the capital of the European
Union (EU) and one of its most congested
cities, were worse than usual. Several ma-
jor roads were blocked due to the presence
of Barack Obama, who paid us a one-day
visit with an impressive staff of 900 peo-
ple. In the fnal declaration of this EU-U.S.
summit, the frst point of out 33 mentions
a political decision that may affect the lives
of 800 million U.S. and EU citizens:
“We strive to create jobs and sustain-
able growth through sound economic
policies. We seek a landmark Transatlan-
tic Trade and Investment Partnership to
build our common prosperity …” Later
on, the declaration states: “The U.S. and
the EU continue to share the same goals…
These goals include expanding access to
each other’s markets for goods, services,
investment and procurement; increasing
regulatory compatibility while maintain-
ing the high levels of health, safety, labor
and environmental protection.”
The Transatlantic Trade and Invest-
ment Partnership (TTIP), also referred
to as the Transatlantic Free Trade Area
(TAFTA), is a free trade agreement be-
tween United States and the European
Union, which is currently being negotiated
and is expected to be fnalized by the end of
2014. This free trade agreement has been
promoted in particular by powerful lobbies
such as the Transatlantic Business Council
(TABC). According to its website, the lat-
ter is a “cross-sectoral business associa-
tion representing 70+ global companies
headquartered in the U.S. and EU.” TABC
may seem unfamiliar to the general public,
but the names of its members are much
more famous: Philip Morris International
Inc., Total S.A., Ford Motor Company,
Siemens…you do not have to read Karl
Marx to get skeptical about this kind of
initiative. Adam Smith, the hero of the free
traders, warned us as early as 1776 in “An
Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations,” about laws written by
“merchants and master manufacturers”:
“The proposal of any new law or regu-
lation of commerce which comes from this
order, ought always to be listened to with
great precaution and ought never to be
adopted till after having been long and
carefully examined, not only with the most
scrupulous but with the most suspicious
attention. It comes from an order of men
whose interest is never exactly the same
with that of the public, who have generally
an interest to deceive and even to oppress
the public, and who accordingly have,
upon many occasions, both deceived and
oppressed it.”
In the frst place, why do we need a
free trade agreement between the United
States and the European Union? Custom
duties are already low between them,
particularly due to the long-standing
membership of both economic areas in
the World Trade Organization.
In fact, TTIP is more than a free trade
agreement, as the Atlantic Council think
tank wrote on their website in February:
“It will go beyond the classic approach of
removing tariffs and opening markets on
investment, services and public procure-
ment; an essential component aims at
making EU and U.S. regulations and tech-
nical product standards more compatible.”
Indeed, the TTIP will go beyond removing
tariffs. Here comes the most important
acronym of this story: ISDS.
ISDS stands for “Investor-state dis-
pute settlement.” It grants foreign inves-
tors the right to access an international
tribunal against a host government if they
think the host government is in breach of
commitments made in a free trade agree-
ment. ISDS is of course the most impor-
tant part of the TTIP for the corporate
lobbies. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce
stated it very clearly in a 2013 statement
about the TTIP: “While some argue that
investor-state dispute settlement need not
be part of the TTIP given the demonstrated
U.S. and EU commitment
to the rule of law, the
Chamber insists that the
United States and the EU
must include these provi-
sions.” Is it different from
the politician perspec-
tive? EU Trade Commis-
sioner Karel De Gucht
seems reassuring: “Gov-
ernments must always
be free to regulate so
they can protect people
and the environment,” he
was quoted as saying in
a press release in Janu-
ary. However, as usual
when such people say
something which seems
pleasant, the important
part lies after the “but.”
So De Gucht carried on:
“But they must also fnd
the right balance and
treat investors fairly so
they can attract invest-
ment.”
Basically, an ISDS
may occur each time the
activity of a foreign in-
vestor is modified by a
new regulation in a host
country. It happened for
instance when Philip Morris initiated an
ISDS against Australia’s anti-smoking
laws. Are we supposed to believe that TIPP
will improve public health? Another ISDS
example is the Chevron versus Ecuador
case. Chevron was found guilty, by Ecua-
dorian courts, of having dumped polluted
waters into Amazonian streams, causing
increased rates of cancers. Chevron thus
started an ISDS case against Ecuador,
which ordered Ecuador’s government to
suspend the case until the investment
tribunal would decide. Are we supposed
to believe that TTIP will improve environ-
ment protection? A last ISDS example is
the attack on Egypt by Veolia (a French
multinational) due to Egypt’s minimum
wage increase. Are we supposed to believe
that TTIP will improve labor conditions?
In theory, ISDS means that no social or
ecological progress can ever be made
where a foreign investor is involved. In this
case, we can trust the investors to push as
hard as possible so that the practice fol-
lows the theory.
Sixteen years ago, a previous TTIP-
like treaty, the Multilateral Agreement on
Investment, was withdrawn after massive
public protests. The 2014 version is an-
other try and it should be stopped as well.
Name: _______________________
Address: _____________________
State/Province: ______________
Zip/PC________________________
Send to: PO Box 180195,
Chicago IL 60618 USA
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Graphic: Benjamin Ferguson
Page 4 • Industrial Worker • June 2014
Worker Cooperati ves:
Crashing In The Same Car
By Ogier
It’s diffcult for me to describe the deep
futtering of excitement, the too-good-to-
be-true feeling, the small awareness grow-
ing larger that I had been selected to be a
worker-owner at San Francisco’s storied
Rainbow Grocery Cooperative.
Inside San Francisco, Rainbow is
known for being a truly special place—a
destination—not because it seeks to be like
other grocery stores, but simply by virtue
of what it is. With 250 worker-owners
and zero managers (as of this writing), it
is a sizable example of a truly horizontal,
entirely worker-run enterprise that is also
consistently proftable.
Our benefts for workers, including
all profts shared, health care, dental, vi-
sion, massage, reiki, ftness benefts, a 20
percent discount, leaves of absence, queer-
friendly policies extending these benefts
to loved ones and all formations of family,
and much more, has made us well-known
in the city. We have the highest starting
wage, by far, in the industry. If memory
serves correctly, my starting wage as a
stock clerk was $14.93 per hour. We have
multiple chances for raises in a year (I was
paid more than $15 per hour before I had
worked there a year).
The workers at my store have built a
good situation over the nearly 40 years
we’ve been at it. And yet, what excited me
so much when I got the call to interview
wasn’t the long list of benefts, which are
impressive, no doubt, but if anything,
those perks were just confrmation to me
of how well a workplace can run when the
people doing the jobs make the decisions.
Who else knows better? And that’s exactly
what moved me so much and had me feel-
ing lucky to be part of a place so special.
Here’s a large store, nearly a whole city
block in San Francisco, running success-
fully, built from scratch by the workers,
run by the workers, and the horizontal,
democratic decision-making process has
never been sacrifced. In this store I saw so
much possibility—not least of which was a
working model of how things could be run
at other workplaces, and not just grocery
stores, but all industries.
It felt good to fnally catch up to my
hopes.
I was “on fre” for cooperatives, full of
passion, and doing what I believed in. Do
you know that feeling of fnding something
bigger than yourself that gives your day-
to-day just a little bit more meaning? It
made me want to talk to everyone about
it, including my co-workers—which is
when I got a question back that I hadn’t
considered before.
I remember standing in the aisle
where I work, casually chit-chatting with
a co-worker, wondering aloud about what
things would be like if all workplaces were
run entirely democratically like our store.
I fgured without hierarchies, formal ones
anyway, big changes could be realized.
Workers would own and run everything.
It would be the end of capitalism. And
then my co-worker said, “Yeah, but if you
fipped a switch and tomorrow every place
was a co-op we’d still all be competing with
each other, just without bosses.”
That comment ignited something in
me, though at frst it just knocked the wind
out of my sails. The dizzying possibilities
of broad social change I imagined coming
from democratic workplaces all over had
been shown to have serious limitations.
Even with bosses (what I would later learn
to think of as “personifcations of capital”)
eliminated from the equation, the logic of
capitalism remained. Perhaps even worse
is that it would be left to the workers to
enact the conclusions of capital on our-
selves. In unproftable years, if things got
bad, we would be forced to fre ourselves,
reduce health benefits, or cut our own
wages or hours. Certainly we would have
more say making those tough calls than
if a manager were deciding those things
for us and about us. But more say in the
operations of capitalism is all that worker
cooperatives can offer the working class.
It reminds me of one of the old rides at
the amusement park I went to growing
up—the antique cars you could “drive.”
You could steer the wheel, honk the horn,
speed up (to a point), but you could never
get off the track the car was stuck on.
The meaning and clear vision coop-
eratives had provided me turned out not
to hold up after looking a little deeper.
Seeing the wind had gone out of my sails
and fguring I might be ripe to consider a
different perspective on class relations and
ways of struggle, a friend introduced me
to a member of the IWW. God only knows
what kind of strange ideas and questions I
brought with me to that frst conversation.
Disappointingly, talking with Wobblies
didn’t offer a succinct answer that cleared
up all my questions of how to arrive at the
post-capitalist world I craved. Why is an
oracle so hard to fnd? Looking back now,
I know that if I had been given an easy
answer I shouldn’t have trusted it anyway.
Instead I got conversation and questions,
mostly about where I was and how I saw
the world, and then questions back to
challenge me.
My involvement deepened over time,
frst starting as an outside organizer where
I got to ask questions, spend time with
committee members organizing their
workplaces, and develop my own under-
standing of the antagonistic class relations
that the Preamble to the IWW Constitu-
tion lays out. Some ideas were familiar
but most were new, and I was humbled in
just how much there was to learn and ask
others to slow down and explain. Silly, I
used to think I knew something.
The whole time I’ve been developing
as a Wobbly I’ve still been working at a
worker cooperative, and I mean a truly
horizontal worker-run and owned co-op,
not a business with a hierarchical struc-
ture that still calls itself a cooperative. It’s
been through day-to-day experience that I
know that even the most ideologically pure
cooperative can only “challenge” capital-
ism in the most superfcial way. This has
already been hashed out on Libcom (and
earlier between Marx and Proudhon) and
the IWW doesn’t need to expend time
and resources to confrm what we already
Graphic: Mike Konopacki
There’s More To Healthcare
By SN Nappalos
Stopped in the hallway, his wife
behind him, he wept. His right leg was
missing, cut off below the knee, and his
hair still retained some of its color. The
scent of cigarettes followed him and his
limbs, starved of the oxygen in his con-
tracting vessels. His wife impressed me,
standing resolute with shoulder-length
hair, red like a dark carrot, unwavering in
the face of a military man breaking down
in tears publicly in the care of strangers.
No matter how long you do it, it’s
hard to know what to do for someone
facing near-certain death. You are never
taught by anyone what you might say, in
nursing school or otherwise. Still it’s a
position healthcare workers fnd them-
selves in frequently, face-to-face with
a stranger confronting their shortened
life often with only a few hours
or minutes together. I think I’m
good at it. I touch his shoulder, an
exchange happens, and soon he is
rolling down the hallway to go for
a smoke. With pancreatic, liver,
and renal cancer, cigarettes might
be called palliative care in a way.
Over the next few days, he broke down
a number of times. Living in suburbs
remote from urban concentrations of
hospitals and clinics, he faced diffculties
adapting to his new life, one-legged and
on a clock. Skilled surgeons who cut out
tumors are all in the metropolis far down
the state; his primary care doctors are in a
city an hour or more from his house. The
local clinic has little to offer him. His home
seems booby-trapped for someone
with one leg, a teenager, and a wife
that works. I wonder what will hap-
pen as the disease progresses. To
the teenager. To this man.
I set myself on fighting the
system to get him modifcations
to his home so he could get to the
bathroom safely and independently, trans-
portation to his appointments so his wife
wouldn’t be fred, and the right equipment
to get about. He’s lucky to have the health
benefts he does. Outside the walls of my
hospital, he is attacked from different di-
rections: impinging economic pressures,
distances and overburdened providers not
connecting the dots.
Most of the discussion about what
to do with healthcare is around how we
pay for it: via insurance, private markets,
nationalized industries, etc. Getting rid of
the graft, profteering and theft certainly
would help. Patients like these make me
look to something else, something that’s
missing from our picture of a better
world. Real healthcare is where people
don’t have to bounce from hospital to
hospital trying to pick up the pieces, while
becoming slowly tediously aware they are
dying of cancer. Real healthcare is about
changing the ways we live cooperatively
and realizing the hopes and wishes of
everyday people facing diffculties and
trauma.
know. Worker cooperatives are a shuffing
around of the roles capitalism casts us in
and a short circuit to building working-
class confdence when we confront capital
together. Cooperatives in no way challenge
the need to work for wages, market eco-
nomics, or capital’s drive for valorization.
I have never heard proponents of worker
cooperatives, who believe they can end
capitalism, satisfactorily explain how act-
ing as a boss and a worker will challenge
capitalist relations, except in the most
superficial and rhetorical of ways (i.e.,
co-ops end hierarchies in the workplace
and demonstrate that workers can run
things, too). The union cannot strive for
workplaces to be worker cooperatives and
also maintain its revolutionary trajectory.
With this realization I have made a
personal commitment to leave my job at
the worker cooperative, where there is no
revolutionary potential, and salt in where
I can develop as a militant working-class
revolutionary.
Graphic: Wikimedia
June 2014 • Industrial Worker • Page 5
Wobbly & North American News
By the South Florida IWW
During the month of April,
we had two solid contacts from
our solidarity network project.
The first one was an elderly
woman with complicated health
conditions who was given 30
days to leave her apartment in
Little Havana, Miami. We set
up a one-on-one meeting with
her and evaluated her issue.
Due to the short eviction notice
and the fact that the landlord
is a real estate lawyer and has
connections with the police
department, we were unable to
draft out a campaign for her issue. We did,
however, help her fnd new and affordable
apartments where she could live.
The second contact was a young Ni-
caraguan restaurant worker whose wages
were stolen. He worked overtime for a
total of eight days and was not paid for
any of those hours (about $2,000 worth
of pay). We met with him and decided
his problem would be a strategic fght to
take on. We met both with him and some
members of the branch a couple times, and
decided that our frst action would be to
deliver a demand letter, en masse, to the
restaurant that owes him money. Since he
only spoke Spanish, he dealt mostly with
one of the members in our branch who is
a fuent speaker. The contact proceeded to
make advances on the branch member and
despite her turning him down, he did not
take well to the confrontation and esca-
lated in uncomfortable ways. We decided
to not go further with the campaign and
instead offered him other options where
he could seek help.
Besides the aforementioned activities,
we had a “Lines of Work” book launch
event on May 1 at Books & Books in Coral
Gables. It was live streamed and currently
saved in the Books & Books’ archives on-
line. Lastly, we continue to hold weekly
workshop meetings where we have ongo-
ing discussions about reforms, workplace
organizing, and current events.
South Florida IWW Making Progress
Photo: South Florida IWW FWs Scott Nikolas Nappalos
& Monica Kostas present at
the “Lines of Work” launch.
Hong Kong Dock Workers Visit Portland
By Bill Bliss
Stephen and Loy,
two Hong Kong dock
workers who led a suc-
cessful dock workers’
strike against China’s
richest man, visited
Portland, Ore., on April
9 to lend their support
to the International
Longshore and Ware-
house Union (ILWU)
lockout. Early morning
coffee was shared at the
Dockside Café, followed
by a large meeting at the
Lucky Labrador Pub,
which graciously hosted the event. ILWU
members were in attendance, along with
Portland IWW branch members and
many other community members of vari-
ous allied organizations. The local branch
helped bring the event to fruition both
fnancially and logistically, while the IWW
International Solidarity Commission
(ISC) contributed to Stephen and Loy’s
overall U.S. visit.
The ILWU has been on lockout in
both Vancouver, Wash., and Portland
for more than a year. There have been
attacks on picketers by scabs, backed by
Portland police and the U.S. Coast Guard.
The courts have been steadily encroach-
ing on physical and legal space belonging
to the ILWU. In neighboring Vancouver
meanwhile, anti-union meetings have
been held by a Koch brothers conservative
front group. All of this for a foreign owned
company bent on busting the union.
The Hong Kong union men spoke
about their organizational strategy and
the community support which brought
their action to a successful conclusion.
This included both actions at the docks
and at the glimmering skyscraper head-
quarters of their opponents in downtown
Hong Kong. The visitors’ time in Portland
was short, and they were soon off to
Seattle. Thanks to Stephen and Loy for
visiting Portland and for raising local
spirits and determination!
Teachers’ Assistants Strike At UC Berkeley,
IBEW Members Walk Out In Solidarity
By X343464
On Wednesday, April 2,
United Automobile Workers
(UAW) Local 2865 went on
strike across the University of
California (UC) system. The
strike was called by teachers’
assistants and, in part, shut
down classes across the state.
On the frst day of the strike in
Santa Cruz, 20 strikers were ar-
rested. The next day, two more were also
arrested by police. According to a post on
http://www.indybay.org by Alex Darocy,
“[UC Santa Cruz strikers] successfully
blocked the main entrance for the whole
day, but the attempt to block the west
entrance of campus was prevented when a
large group of UC police arrested 20 peo-
ple.” Student workers are striking against
intimidation by management and police
as well as over wages and classroom sizes.
According to a post by strikers:
“[We are striking over the] univer-
sity’s unwillingness to bargain over key
aspects of our employment, including
class size and the length of our workweek.
Also at issue is the university’s history of
illegal intimidation of student workers.
For example, this past November, an
administrator at UCLA threatened over-
seas students with the loss of their visas
for participating in a sympathy strike—a
claim as insulting as it was untrue.”
In Berkeley, at 6:30 a.m., one strike
supporter with the IWW Bay Area branch
went to picket the construction
site of Campbell Hall (on the UC
Berkeley campus). After about
10 minutes, construction work-
ers who came across the picket
line approached the IWW mem-
ber and decided to respect the
picket line. Approximately 20
workers with the International
Brotherhood of Electrical Work-
ers (IBEW) decided to leave
work in an act of solidarity with striking
UAW workers. Also, while the picket line
was set up, all laborers on the work site
conducted a work stoppage.
By 8 a.m., members of the UAW had
erected a picket line at Telegraph Avenue
and Bancroft Way and began holding a
large rally. As with all struggles, we seek
to generalize the strike as well as class
confict and general defance within larg-
er society. We wish that students could
have occupied buildings across campus,
that bus drivers driving students as well
as construction workers building new
buildings would have walked off the job,
and that people across campus could have
walked out of classes—not in a desire to
make this system simply more fair, but
in a human strike against the regime of
capital and a willing desire for a different
way of life. But at least for now we know
that small acts of solidarity with the hope
of expanding existing struggles are pos-
sible—and with more people, there is no
telling how far they may go.
Walmart & Major League Baseball Profit
From Garment Factory Death Traps
By Greg Giorgio
The tragic deaths one year ago in
Dhaka—Bangladesh’s Rana Plaza gar-
ment factory collapse—have begun to
focus attention on unsustainable human
exploitation in a global race to the bottom
for cheap labor. All it took were the deaths
of 1,138 workers and 2,500 injuries, three
quarters of whom young women.
This senseless destruction of life did
help motivate a change in the political
climate of Bangladesh, so an increase in
the garment industry minimum wage was
most welcome. However, the foor had
been set so low that the $68 per month
they are entitled to now is still not a liv-
ing wage.
Meanwhile, the Accord on Fire and
Building Safety in Bangladesh, involving
hundreds of brands, is moving through a
slow process of enforcement inspections.
Many of the out-of-work garment factory
employees receive no compensation while
they wait for the factories to open again.
Some of these facilities will have relocated
by the time they open back up.
The accord’s provisions for fnancial
reparations to victims and survivors saw
an April 24 deadline come and go with-
out appropriate contributions from the
industry’s biggest players—Walmart, J.
C. Penney, The Gap, Children’s Place and
Benetton.
Walmart hides behind their suppliers,
contactors and claims no “direct” involve-
ment in the murder of over 1,000 workers
at the Rana Plaza factory last year.
“How many workers were killed to
provide you with cheap clothing?” Paul
Poulos of the IWW’s Bangladesh Working
Group has asked more than once.
And then there is Major League
Baseball (MLB). They manufacture some
of their licensed
pr omot i ona l
gear in sweat-
shops contract-
ed in the Dhaka
manuf ac t ur -
ing zone. Sold
at bal l parks,
sporting goods
retailers, and a
great deal of it at
Walmart stores;
these hats, team
jerseys and the like are not cheap. Our
repeated inquiries with MLB offcials and
team representatives have yielded little to
indicate any commitment that the stan-
dards they claim to stand for are in place
for their licensed items.
Twenty-eight brands sourced gar-
ments from Rana Plaza. Safety standards
are improving, but the Walmarts and the
MLBs of the world hope we’ll soon forget
while they continue to rake in huge profts.
Jyrki Raina, General Secretary of
IndustriALL Global Union sees the big-
ger picture in his organization’s efforts to
improve the pay and working conditions in
Bangladesh’s garment sector. “There can-
not be an effective safety culture without
an organized workforce,” he was quoted
as saying in an April 2014 IndustriALL
news release. Forty-thousand workers
have signed on with newly formed unions.
They’re among another 2 million not yet
protected under the auspices of the new
safety accord.
One million more clothing workers are
not covered under the accord and the mar-
ginalized face the most chances of further
exploitation. Worker organizations like
the militant National Garment Workers
Federation (NGWF) of Bangladesh have
helped lead the way in raising conscious-
ness about the deplorable conditions and
lack of union rights they suffer through
to feed their families. The NGWF formed
a human chain in Dhaka on the April 24
anniversary of the Rana Plaza deaths.
They hope we can join hands with them
and speak truth to the powerful who are
stealing their future.
This piece originally appeared in The
Black Cat Moan, publication of the IWW
Bangladesh Working Group. For more in-
formation contact ggwob56@yahoo.com.
Photo: Bill Bliss Hong Kong dock workers Stephen and
Loy at the Lucky Labrador Pub on April 9.
Photo: NGWF NGWF May Day march in Dhaka.
Photo: Doug Anderson
Page 6 • Industrial Worker • June 2014
Special
Wobblies Participate In May Day Actions Worldwide
Continued from 1
However, the strike/work stoppage
did not continue long enough for negotia-
tions to be opened. While FAM had come
to the conclusion on their own that with-
drawing their labor and cooperation are
the keys to effecting change, they realized
that they needed experienced help in cre-
ating and sustaining a long-term strategic
campaign. Events are still unfolding in
Alabama and will not be detailed further
here, but the result of this interaction was
that our IWW Organizing Department
formed a new organizing committee—the
Incarcerated Workers Organizing Com-
mittee—with the assignment of organizing
prisoner-workers everywhere.
The IWW has significant previous
experience with organizing inmates. In
1987, more than 400 prisoners at the
maximum-security Southern Ohio Cor-
rectional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, asked
the IWW to represent them in collective
bargaining. Conditions at the facility were
atrocious and unbearable. The inmates’
pleas for change were being ignored, and
the prisoners were becoming even more
desperate than is usual
in prisons. The IWW
agreed to try and aid
them as fellow workers
despite their incarcera-
tion. Regrettably, the
Ohio courts ruled that
the prisoners did not
have the right to form a
union, be represented by
a union, or engage in col-
lective bargaining. This
response was expected,
as the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled in
the 1970s that prisoners have few if any
labor rights and legally exist as little more
than slaves. The IWW abandoned the cam-
paign. As a direct result of being denied
collective voice in constructive change,
the conditions at Lucasville continued to
deteriorate. In 1993, a huge riot took place,
with loss of life and open rebellion for 11
days. The prisoners reached the point
where they could not take any more abuse.
One positive outcome of our 1987
Lucasville campaign is that our IWW Con-
stitution now provides for prisoners to be
members of our union as
well as containing provi-
sions for members with
no ability to pay dues or
to pay dues at a reduced
rate related to their ac-
tual income—which for
prison jobs is just a few
cents per hour. As it
stands today, organizing
prisoners into a union is
not a legally-protected
activity, nor is it an il-
legal activity, but rather an extra-legal
activity. If we can successfully organize
prisoner slave-laborers on an industrial
scale despite all the legal and cultural ob-
stacles, they will have a democratic voice
in guiding their own destinies. The IWOC
is determined to try to make this voice a
reality.
The U.S. prison-industrial complex
now holds well over 2 million workers in
confnement and with a large percentage
engaged in various forms of industrial la-
bor. Close to 5 million more prisoners are
released and in the workforce under state
supervision while on parole. They are all
disadvantaged, exploited by capitalism,
and further suffer from discrimination
and prejudice. Prison-industry exploita-
tion is especially acute for people of color.
The United States holds more Black men
in prison-slavery today than existed as
chattel prisoners at the time of the U.S.
Civil War.
All Wobblies are urged by the IWOC
to spread the word: we are organizing!
Prisoners and their families are advised
to contact the IWOC at iwoc@rise-up.
net. The IWOC holds that prisons do not
restore sanity to the criminally insane or
provide economic opportunity and secu-
rity to the exploited and oppressed. It is
the mission of the IWOC to use Wobbly
industrial organization and direct action
to democratically and non-violently em-
power incarcerated workers, and trans-
form capitalism’s prisons into institutions
of compassionate rehabilitation in the
short-term, and to abolish them entirely
in the long-term.
FW Del Duca is a member of the IWOC
and can be reached at jdd@iww.org.
Reaching Out To Prisoner-Workers:
The New IWW Incarcerated Workers Organizing Committee
By Michael White
On May 1, 2014, the In-
diana General Membership
Branch (GMB) of the IWW
hosted our second annual
International Workers’ Day
celebration at Garfield Park
in Indianapolis. The event
was held with contributions
from and in cooperation with
Central Indiana Jobs With
Justice, the Indiana chapter of
the Coalition of Labor Union
Women (CLUW), the Indiana
Socialist Party, Indianapolis
Food Not Bombs, and a member of the
Spanish Confederación Nacional del Tra-
bajo (CNT). It was a fun-flled day with
great food, live music, and several work-
shops going on throughout the day. We
had a decent turnout of approximately
30 people over the course of the day, and
the giant pagoda we rented (built in 1903)
was adorned with many red-and-black
fags, banners, and a few CNT fags.
Our May Day planning began in
February when we set up our May Day
Planning Committee, consisting of fve
fellow workers. The committee took on
the tasks of planning the entire event:
locating a space, fnding and putting to-
gether musical acts and workshops, get-
ting materials and decorations, reaching
out to other groups and organizations in
coalition building, and publicizing. In the
short time between our February GMB
meeting and May Day we accomplished
all the above tasks through weekly confer-
ence calls, establishing an email thread,
and constantly communicating as to what
needed to be done. By April we presented
our fnal plans and a request for branch
funds to the GMB for approval.
Our event ran through most of the
day, beginning at 1 p.m. and lasting
until just after 7 p.m. We commenced
with a beautiful, eloquent, and riveting
opening speech by Fellow Worker (FW)
J.P. Wright from the recently chartered
Kentucky GMB (as of May 1—talk about
a monumental May Day!), who gave the
opening speech at our May Day event
last year. We then heard briefly from
each of the groups with which we col-
laborated. After our opening remarks we
broke into the different workshops. Live
music played all day while fellow workers
facilitated workshops and others social-
ized. We had performances by FWs J.P.
Wright, Anival Fausto, Michael Cameron,
Adam Coppess, comrade Jared Gills, and
myself. The music serenaded our event
and carried through the entire park, at-
tracting people to walk up to the event
and take a look at what was going on.
The several workshops we had were well-
attended and included “Creating a Con-
sent Culture in the IN IWW and Beyond”
led by the Indiana GMB’s Patriarchy
Resistance Committee, “(Revolutionary)
Unionism and Social Protest in Spain”
led by FW Pablo Martín Domínguez, and
“Socialism as Political Awareness” led by
FW John Strinka.
Our May Day was a successful event
despite the cold and windy weather. The
day was a success in that we signed up a
new fellow worker, cooperatively worked
with other groups from Indiana in putting
on the event, the Indiana GMB’s Patri-
archy Resistance Committee debuted
their first workshop (which was the
highest attended workshop of the day),
and Wobblies from three states came
together (Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio).
Next year we look forward to planning
our event even further in advance, cor-
recting certain aspects that did not go as
well as we had planned, and creating a
more radical May Day celebration in In-
diana. But all in all, this year’s event was
radical, educational, and inspiring. We
hope to have an even bigger and better
celebration next year, and we welcome
anyone in the Midwest area to come out
and join us!
Nicki Meier contributed to this piece.
Iceland IWW info table at the
town square of Lækjartorg.
Edinburgh IWW
show their Wob pride.
May Day brings out all the Edmonton Wobs.
Chicago celebrates May Day at Haymarket.
The Indiana IWW Celebrates Its
2nd Annual May Day As A Branch
Indiana GMB members. Photo: Michael White
Graphic: IWOC
Photo: Ole
Sandberg
Photo: Edinburgh
IWW
Photo: Paula Kirman
Photo: facebook.com/may1chicago
June 2014 • Industrial Worker • Page 7
Special
Continued from 1
celebration for organizers who have been
fghting hard and thinking tactically all
year to simply come together and stand
in solidarity. At the same time, with the
amount of effort and labor that goes into
it, an event like this is also the perfect
time to focus in on our campaigns. We
can use the holiday as leverage to build the
movements that we need to inch our way
forward to the fnal goals the day is spirited
with. While for the May Day event focused
around wage and health care campaigns,
the real focus of the march became the
International Longshore and Warehouse
Union (ILWU) Local 4 and their lockout
with United Grain.
Members of ILWU Local 4 have been
shut out of their workplace for more than
a year as scabs have been brought in. Local
8 in Seattle has seen similar union-busting
tactics, and members of the Portland Soli-
darity Network and many other organiza-
tions stood with the ILWU and blocked the
scabs entrance to the port several weeks
before. This is an ongoing fght and they
came in force, with support from everyone
from the Laborers’ International Union
of North America (LIUNA) to the IWW to
Jobs With Justice. As the march continued
on its set path, which was permitted spe-
cifcally, the ILWU led a breakaway con-
tingent that was made up of the majority
of attendees. They headed directly over to
the Wells Fargo building, which is also the
local headquarters of United Grain. There
they rallied in front of the building and
told the stories of working people who are
trying to make ends
meet as their liveli-
hood and right to orga-
nize are being severed.
They put out a call to
action and a call for
solidarity, and asked
that we collectively
stand together as they
head into heated nego-
tiations in the coming
months. This was the
most energetic mo-
ment of the entire day
as there was an almost universal moment
of connection as we saw the reality of
working-class struggle right in front of
us, and we were given the choice to par-
ticipate. As the ILWU members descended
from the steps they were met by a round of
hugs and handshakes, and they responded
with the kind of love you only get when
people have decided together to fght a
shared battle.
This shows the perfect use of a day
like May Day, where the abstract ideas
the holiday was built on are brought home
and given tactical equipment. This year
the march became a tool in the fght with
United Grain, and will hopefully drum up
even more support as the ILWU continues
its fght.
What was notice-
ably absent from the
march was a focus on
housing issues that
marked much of the
previous year’ s en-
gagement. Last year,
foreclosure and evic-
tion were a chant-
ready topic that were
tied to everyone’s eco-
nomic and immigra-
tion concerns, but it
was almost completely absent from this
year’s discourse. This is largely from a
defcit of local work around housing is-
sues, especially after the promising Service
Employees International Union (SEIU)
project Housing Is For Everyone dissolved.
For the Portland Solidarity Network, this
shows the importance of moving into ten-
ant work, as the issue continues to be of
incredible importance even as the housing
market appears to recover.
The showing of May Day was impres-
sive from coast to coast, and we even saw
a 1,500-person crowd form in Salem, Ore.,
focusing on immigration. Thousands took
to the streets in cities like New York and
Chicago, where the sentiment echoed
many of the same issues that we were
seeing in Portland. This can often be a
temperature check for the collective mood
of the country and what issues are really
on people’s minds, but more specifcally
it tends to be a refection of exactly what
issues and campaigns people are actively
organizing around.
As we head back into our daily work
we should use this as a time to refect on
how this global day of action can really
be tied directly to our struggles. As the
Portland Solidarity Network continues
wage-theft campaigns with partners like
the Voz Workers’ Rights Education Project
and tenant support issues, we want to use
this momentum to get right down to the
campaigns that see material results for
everyone’s lives. Let’s make next year’s
May Day the culmination of the kind of
fghts that get traction and see working-
class power developing in our workplaces
and neighborhoods. Let’s get something
big to celebrate next year!
Wages Of Class War: Reflections On Portland’s May Day
Baltimore IWW at McKeldin Square. March in Vancouver, British Columbia. DC Wobs at Malcolm X Park.
Big Turnout For Liverpool May Day Picket
By the Liverpool IWW
The Liverpool IWW and Class Action
held a successful picket of the Founda-
tion for Art and Creative Technology
(FACT) on the afternoon of May 1. We
participated in the May Day action in
solidarity with workers who operate
the Picturehouse cinema inside FACT’s
art center who were striking for a living
wage (https://www.facebook.com/Rit-
zyLivingWage), and to raise awareness of
FACT replacing 11 front of house workers
with volunteers.
After a sluggish start, approximately
50 people eventually showed up, with
many handing out our leafets to cinema-
goers arriving to watch “The Amazing
Spider-Man 2” or to eat in the Leaf Cafe.
This was a great turnout for an event called
at three days’ notice, especially when more
than half of those participating were new
faces drawn by the FACT controversy, or
concerned about workers’ tumbling living
standards generally. Promisingly, it was
the youngest, most gender-balanced May
Day event in Liverpool in many, many
years.
FACT had been given notice of our
plans, and had a police community sup-
port offcer inside when we arrived. He
didn’t intervene in our activities, but his
very presence was a preposterous reac-
tion from a “charity” who clearly believe
they have reason to be afraid. Visitor
services manager Joan Burnett was also
dispatched to talk with the public, and
hand out yet more cleverly worded, de-
ceitful propaganda.
With tactics like this, FACT’s well-
paid top foor managers are clearly on
the run.
Keep up the pressure: message ex-
ecutive director Iona Horsburgh (iona.
horsburgh@fact.co.uk, @IonaHors-
burgh), visitor services manager Joan
Burnett (joan.burnett@fact.co.uk), and
head of marketing and communications
Jen Chapman (jen.chapman@fact.co.uk,
Wobblies Participate In May Day Actions Worldwide
Wobblies in Montréal participate as part of worldwide actions. IWW members march on May Day in Sydney, Australia.
@FACT_Liverpool), and let them know
you disagree with replacing paid workers
with volunteer workers.
Silent agitators. Photo: Liverpool Class Action
Photo: Bill Bliss
Photo: FW Meredith Mitchell Photo: Sean Carleton Photo: unknown
Photo: SITT - IWW Photo: Vlaudin Vega
Page 8 • Industrial Worker • June 2014
By Earl Silbar
The Chicago Teachers Union (CTU)
strike of 2012 is widely believed to be a
major success, a big win for progressive,
member-driven leadership. Indeed, there
were big successes won by the strike
preparation and from support for the
strike among members, the wider public,
and especially by parents during the strike.
However, there were major problems both
in strike strategy and the settlement itself.
I write this to bring out some of both as-
pects for consideration and to learn from.
The 2012 CTU strike had the potential to
accomplish far more than it did. By choos-
ing not to fght over school closings, the
leadership undermined its stated goal:
“Defend and improve our schools! Don’t
close them!” What’s more, major conces-
sions greatly enhanced management’s
freedom to terminate teachers with satis-
factory ratings.
This account discusses some features
of the strike preparation and the settle-
ment without going into the strike actions
and how the contract was fnally ratifed.
Educators, as part of the wider working-
class, face unending and increasing
corporatization of America and capitalist-
inspired attacks. By sharing oft-hidden
facts about the strike settlement, I hope to
dispel rose-colored myths in order to assist
in the pressing challenge of our days: help
develop our capacity to effectively resist
these corporate attacks.
Fifty years of left activism have taught
me that facing hard facts is more useful
than building on the sand of comforting
myths. My hope is that this article con-
tributes towards creating that resistance.
And that growing, effective, working-class
solidarity and resistance will itself lay
the basis for the people-frst, sustainable
world that so many of us want.
Organizing for the Strike Vote
The CTU leadership, its staff, dedi-
cated activists (especially in the progres-
sive Caucus of Rank-and-File Educators
[CORE]) and allies conducted a classic and
creative campaign to win the strike autho-
rization vote. They expressed long-held
teacher resentment and frustration, with
decades of deteriorating work conditions
and no union resistance. Building on the
promise of an effective fght, this leader-
ship team developed active contract com-
mittees in hundreds of schools. Through
these committees and individual efforts,
they did outreach to parents, held local
school-based rallies, and engaged many
students around the theme “Improve our
schools, don’t close them!” Facing a legal
hurdle they had to win—75 percent of
all members’ votes—the CTU members
shocked everyone with a spectacular 92
percent (of all members) strike authoriza-
tion vote in late spring of 2012.
Even before the strike began, this
unprecedented and massive strike vote
shocked the city’s elites and won major
concessions from corporate-backed Mayor
Rahm Emanuel: the CTU won 500 art and
music jobs (if for only one year), forced
the mayor to drop his proposal to replace
teachers’ pay schedules with “merit pay,”
and broke the mayor’s strategy of isolat-
ing the CTU as “just greedy and selfsh
teachers.”
This internal organizing campaign de-
serves close study; it set the stage for all the
gains, including winning strong support
for younger teachers—people who often
see unions as conservative obstacles to
educational innovation. The focus on “im-
prove our schools” and “our kids deserve
the best” set the terms of the fght, creat-
ing public support while energizing the
members. The CTU leadership essentially
defned the fght, taking it to the mayor
by contrasting his kids’ education (in the
University of Chicago Laboratory Schools)
with the sorely-lacking public schools. In
effect, they made the fght appear to be
over class privilege and fairness—a win-
ning PR campaign that energized members
and won parents’ crucial support.
Strike Contract Settlement: Hidden
Defeats and Lessons
Following four days of a spectacularly
supported strike with mass marches fll-
ing sections of Chicago’s downtown with
striking teachers in red union t-shirts dur-
ing working hours, CTU President Karen
Lewis recommended that the union accept
the negotiated settlement, which members
eventually did. Make no mistake; there
were real gains that were won before the
strike, some improvements in contract
language and a small raise. However, at
the same time, most accounts have ig-
nored several important concessions by
the union (visit http://www.ctunet.net for
contract provisions):
1) The CTU accepted student “achieve-
ment” as 25 percent of teachers’ evalua-
tion, effective fall 2013. The contract began
implementation two years before state law
required it and before any state standards
were set for student achievement.
2) The CTU contract stipulates that
two consecutive years of acceptable
evaluations shall constitute the basis for
termination should management wish to
do that. This further undermines what
little job security remains and further
opens members to school board and
management bullying, intimidation and
discrimination.
3) No limits were set on the mayor’s
proposed closing of 50 neighborhood
schools, perhaps the largest focus of the
union’s outreach and public support (“Im-
prove our schools! Don’t close them!”).
This is legally a “permissible” subject of
bargaining, meaning that management
can and did refuse to bargain over that
and the union could not legally strike over
that issue. Being “permissible” also opens
the door for other forces—such as parents,
community groups, students, and religious
and union organizations—to have
intervened and pressured the school
board to negotiate over the closings.
The truth is that there was no CTU
member education or mobilization
to promote such pressure. Public
relations rhetoric? Yes. Effective
action? No.
“Save and improve local schools,
don’t close them!” was the CTU’s
theme before and during the strike.
At the end of the day, there was
no fght to stop the closings (49 of
those schools were in fact closed in
the spring of 2013 after a very weak
response to the CTU-sponsored
marches across the city in protest).
This failure left the union and its
members vulnerable to the charge
that it was all about narrow self-
interest despite the successful PR
rhetoric. The CTU’s refusal to pre-
pare for this fight also left some
teachers wondering if the CTU was
serious about this fght.
In actuality, the mayor publicly gloat-
ed over winning his key corporate agenda
in the contract: closing 49 local schools
while increasing charter schools, winning
the longer school day with no proportional
pay raise, and tying teachers’ evaluation to
student “achievement.” He was so visibly
exuberant that the CTU leadership had to
publicly ask him to stop gloating because
that made it hard to “sell [the contract] to
the members.”
“Yes, there is a class war, and my side is
winning!” -Warren Buffett.
Our Alternative?
Was there another road to have taken?
I think so, but that would have required
a different vision and strategy. Forcing
the school board and mayor to negotiate
over the threatened closings would have
meant facing down certain court injunc-
tions with mass action. In fact, a local
judge did issue an injunction against the
strike even without such mass actions. It
was withheld until the Monday following
CTU President Lewis’s recommendation
to accept the contract.
Preparing to actually force the clos-
ings issue would have meant preparing
members for normal consequences facing
unions and workers who refuse to obey
court injunctions: leaders can get arrested
and jailed; unions face huge fnes; indi-
vidual teachers can face charges, fnes, and
frings if they lose. Winning strikes erases
these actions.
Forcing the fght to save the schools
and turn the tide means serious con-
sequences for which people must be
Organizing
The Chicago Teachers Union Strike: Beyond Mythology
prepared with cold facts and effective
organizing to gather determined allies.
Making this fight would have required
winning parents, students, community
groups, other unions, and wider working
public support for mass direct actions
like marches, strikes, and occupations to
back it up and make it happen. These are
examples of organizing our side in the
really-existing if one-sided class war.
To make such a serious challenge to
the corporate agenda and power requires,
in essence, an approach that understands
and acts on the common interest in qual-
ity education for the masses, not just the
few. And the common threat posed by
corporate agenda to working people’s jobs,
pay, benefts, our environment, continuing
racism and sexism, etc. In short, it requires
organizing based on working-class solidar-
ity around everyday, real-life issues.
This CTU leadership team had no
such plan or vision. They never initiated
discussion among the membership of what
such a fght would take or the stakes and
potential ramifcations. With its choices,
the CTU leadership rejected waging such a
fght in the strike of 2012. Instead, it relied
on deeply moving rhetoric, meticulous
and even brilliant organizing, and care-
fully controlled militant tactics. Adopting
a strategy of class-based organizing is no
guarantee of success, but it does allow
us to see how far we can go. Ultimately,
we saw again the road-most-taken union
strategy of limiting the fght while making
and then masking major concessions. We
must do better.
Earl Silbar can be reached at red-
1pearl@aol.com.
Photo: socialistworker.org
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CTU rally on the frst day of the strike.
CTU march.
June 2014 • Industrial Worker • Page 9
Review
Nappalos, Scott Nikolas, ed. Lines of
Work: Stories of Jobs and Resistance.
Edmonton: Black Cat Press, 2013. Paper-
back, 236 pages, $19.95.
By Peter Moore
“Lines of Work” aims to have workers
tell their own stories, and it succeeds re-
markably well. The book packs 32 stories
by 24 workers into its pages. At least 10
contributors are former or active IWW
members. The material first saw light
on the Recomposition Blog, a project of
worker radicals.
The book’s editor, Scott Nikolas Nap-
palos, conceived this book as a type of oral
history to share stories. As contributor
Nate Hawthorne wrote in his essay on how
Occupy needs to expand its scope: “In my
experience, a key part of people changing
and people building relationships is hear-
ing and telling stories. Our lives and our
ideas of who we are and our relationships
are largely made out of the stories we tell
ourselves and each other.”
For anyone who has attended an IWW
Organizer Training, the most memorable
parts are usually the stories
the trainers and other work-
ers tell during the training
or over beers at night. Many
of these stories are like that.
Some are just fragments of
experience jotted down. Oth-
ers are in-depth examinations
of personal experiences on the
job. It is oral history of a new
generation of workers coming
to grips with today’s capitalism
and its many managers, includ-
ing those culturally grafted into
our heads.
The book is divided into three sec-
tions: “Resistance,” “Time,” and “Sleep
and Dreams.” “Resistance” features es-
says by postal, warehouse, food service,
non-proft, and fnancial services workers.
Phinneas Gage recounts what a postie’s
(postal worker’s) fellow workers did to
protect him from a retaliation firing.
Monica Kostas describes how she made
contacts across her workplace by agitat-
ing for—surprisingly—the reinstatement
of birthday cakes on the job. Juan Conatz,
who has a great writing style,
tells how he and his co-worker
resisted speed-ups on the job
until exhaustion got the better
of him.
The “Time” section de-
scribes the many personal chal-
lenges facing workers, includ-
ing the commonplace lack of
boss support for worker safety.
The essays by the Invisible Man
on life as a bullet maker or a
temporary agricultural worker
are highlights simply for their
beautiful writing.
The “Sleep and Dream” section chron-
icles the pervasive infuence of work on
the writers’ lives. The stories range from
funny to tragic, from sleep-running naked
thanks to work nightmares to the sleep de-
privation of “clopening” (closing the shop
at night then opening the next morning)
at Starbucks.
Reading this book there is a sense of
continuity and shared experience even
as each story intimately reveals the indi-
vidual’s own experience. The fatigue, the
“Lines Of Work” Shares Workers’ Experiences, Invites Us To Share Ours
Graphic: Black Cat Press
Lynd, Staughton. Solidar-
ity Unionism: Rebuilding
the Labor Movement from
Below. Chicago: Charles H.
Kerr, 1992. Paperback, 64
pages, $15.00.
By Lou Rinaldi
Staughton Lynd’s classic
“Solidarity Unionism: Re-
building the Labor Movement
from Below” was inspired in
part by the actions of the his-
torical IWW and has inspired
a new generation of Wobblies
since it was originally pub-
lished in 1992. Although the
attack on the labor movement had begun
much earlier, by 1992 the situation was
beginning to look hopeless, and Lynd, a
veteran of many years of struggles, put
together this short book to show that a
different approach was needed if workers
were to resist the onslaught of the bosses.
Lynd divides the book into four parts:
two historical segments showing worker-
led unionism (what he calls “solidarity
unionism”) in action and explaining how
business unionism became the norm, and
another two segments which explain his
program for rebuilding the labor move-
ment. The two primary examples he uses
are about workers around Youngstown,
Ohio, where workers across industries
stuck together to fght wage and beneft
cuts and the closing of the area’s major
employers. He also looks at the origins of
the Congress of Industrial Organizations,
now the AFL-CIO, and how it began as a
genuine expression of working-class self-
organization. This was complete with a
desire to implement independent labor
politics as part of the political goals of
these new unions, which operated with
only the minimum of admin-
istration, because they were
strongly based on relation-
ships on the shop foor.
What Was Missing?
An alternative unionism
is presented by Lynd—one
that is not hierarchical but
instead is based on repre-
sentation of workers to the
bosses. Instead, solidarity
unionism is the essence of
workers associating together
to present their needs and
demands to capitalists and
to create communities of
support and care to achieve them. Instead
of being based on internationals and
executive committees, the basic unit of
the solidarity unionist model is the shop
foor committee. These committees “may
exist in a non-union shop or…may func-
tion alongside offcial union structure,”
writes Lynd.
There are structural issues beyond
how unions are organized in shops, ac-
cording to Lynd. There lacks central labor
bodies where workers across industries
can come together to discuss their col-
lective grievances and show solidarity for
each other. While the AFL-CIO has bodies
that supposedly fulfll this function, Lynd
points to examples like IWW mixed locals
(the precursor to our General Membership
Branch) as more effective tools for promot-
ing class-wide solidarity.
Finally, Staughton Lynd says that
solidarity unionism presupposes a society
beyond capitalism, a socialist society. For
Lynd “socialism is the project of making
economic institutions democratic.” The
best way to do this is to create combative
organizations with prefgured structures,
ones that reject hierarchy and practice
democracy. Furthermore, they go beyond
the workplace and enter the everyday lives
of workers and their kin.
Beyond Solidarity Unionism
“Solidarity Unionism” is an excellent
place to start when thinking about what
organizing workers should look like, but I
believe there is a need to go beyond what
Staughton Lynd has laid out. Luckily our
union has a vibrant culture and some ideas
on this have already come out. In particu-
lar, discussion pieces from experienced
organizers like “Direct Unionism” and
“Wobblyism: Revolutionary Unionism For
Today” provides criticism and conversa-
tions on where we, as a union, might go
with our organizing.
A strength I think that “Direct Union-
ism” and “Wobblyism” have in building off
of the tradition of solidarity unionism is
taking a position against the state and the
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
process completely in our workplace or-
ganizing. Whereas solidarity unionism
allows for use of capitalist structures like
the NLRB, as long as it is not relied upon,
in practice IWW campaigns that use these
processes inherently become reliant on
them. Something about the state is a
magnet; once you are caught in its pull it
is hard to get out. The much more diffcult
task of staying away, at the sacrifce of
slower growth, may in the end be worth
the wait.
The end of the book brings up another
aspect where we need to broaden the con-
versation around how we organize, and
Staughton Lynd has given us a good place
to start. Lynd calls for a labor movement
that fghts for the working class to control
society, a labor movement that specifcally
fghts for socialism. He writes: “Social-
ism is the only practical alternative to
capitalism. We should turn our attention
to defning clearly what kind of socialism
we want.” Unfortunately this often falls
by the wayside due to a culture that says
“don’t think, organize!” The IWW would
do well to clarify what sort of socialism
we are looking for, because so far, we only
have the vague insinuation of “abolition
of the wage system.” Where Lynd fails is
in thinking of socialism as a prefgurative
form of organization…that content and
form are synonymous. A case study of
an IWW organizing drive will show that
they are not; we need to conduct political
education rooted in the real experiences of
working people. We need to meet people
where they are, but not to the preclusion
of our revolutionary aims.
By Way of Conclusion
Staughton Lynd’s “Solidarity Union-
ism” is an important book for the IWW
and the lessons it contains should be well
remembered by today’s Wobbly organiz-
ers. We should see the book as the begin-
ning of a broader conversation about our
organization, however, not as the end-all-
be-all of organizing. There is a lot of work
to be done to push IWW organizing into
the direction of opposing mingling with
the state and to take on a revolutionary
political character. This process will take
a lot of trial and error and hard, explicitly
political conversations within our organi-
zation. The positive results of organizing
the working class for the dismantlement of
this society and the implementing of a new
society will be worth the trouble.
PM Press will publish a second edition
of “Solidarity Unionism” in the spring of
2015, with a foreword by Manny Ness to
the effect that solidarity unionism is hap-
pening all over the world.
“Solidarity Unionism” Is A Beginning, Not An Ending
Graphic: Charles H. Kerr
By Luz Sierra
Is change possible
In the realm of negation
Where feelings is nothing but a refection
Of the ideas foating around us
Following through our mouths
Swimming inside the red pool spread
within
Until our minds resembles the glass in
front of us
A unknown past have became our tool
for hope
Unable to the break the chain of pain
Seen in their eyes, words, and scars
Where only a few dare to use
Yet we are stuck in time
Unable to unglue our hands from pages of
our predecessors
Hoarding our rooms with their voices
Silencing the ideas in us
We are small they say
Filled with dreams one can't build alone
Unable to ft in this scattered world
Blocked by the shadow of the one we hate
Warriors of freedom
Drop your worn out shoes
And listen
Allow your muscles of hope rebuild itself
Embrace the eeriness around us
Sink into the whirlpool of imagination
Search for the words
Waiting to be molded to the answer we all
been looking for
The missing piece between our ideals and
reality
Don't let them push us aside
To pull our arms away from those we
fght for
And hold on tight to the ones that dare
To crack the chambers of oppression
abuse, the work dreams, the restlessness,
the desire to change the job before it con-
sumes one—is this not our life, too?
These perspectives are what make this
book worth reading. A few of the essays
would be good discussion pieces for orga-
nizing round tables or training sessions,
simply because they strip bare the stereo-
types and comfort of organizing theory
and reveal the ugly complexities and moral
dilemmas of organizing. Fear, loss, pain,
betrayal are all there as well as the cour-
age, determination, endurance, and sense
of humor of our class. Jomo’s piece on life
as a nursing assistant is one such piece.
Grace Parker’s article on her experiences
with sexual harassment is another.
I see now why the Edmonton IWW
General Membership Branch gave a copy
of this book to each delegate at the 2013
IWW General Convention. It is worth
reading, thinking and talking about. If
these authors can be as honest as they are
with us about their experiences, now it is
our turn to refect on, share and learn from
our own experiences—and to organize
from there.
Wobbly Arts
Answer For The Future
Review
Graphic: unknown
Page 10 • Industrial Worker • June 2014
June 2014 • Industrial Worker • Page 11
International Analysis
By Andy Piascik
A solemn ceremony was held in Rwan-
da in April to mark the 20th anniversary of
the mass killings in that country in 1994.
Corporate media from the United States
and the rest of the world covered the event
in some depth, underscoring the horrible
deaths of hundreds of thousands killed by
the state and Hutu civilians. Dignitaries
and politicians from around the world,
including several from the United States,
attended a commemorative event that
included an emotional reenactment of the
bloodletting.
Entirely uncommented on was the
sickening spectacle of Rwandan dicta-
tor Paul Kagame overseeing the event.
Kagame, a long-time servant of U.S.
business interests and a mass killer in his
own right, set the confict in motion that
culminated in the terrible events of 1994
by invading Rwanda from neighboring
Uganda in 1990. A Tutsi, Kagame was
one of the elite class that went into exile
rather than live under a government of the
majority Hutus. Information published by
a wide spectrum of researchers, most no-
tably from the United Nations, has deter-
mined that Kagame’s Rwandan Patriotic
Front (RPF) killed tens of thousands of
people from 1990-94 and several hundred
thousand more during the period that has
become known as the Rwandan Genocide.
Because Kagame is supported by the
United States, however, those crimes have
been buried with the dead and no public
ceremony has been held in the last 24 years
to honor those killed by the RPF.
Kagame’s goal from the outset of his
1990 invasion was the overthrow of the
government of Rwanda, and he continually
violated ceasefre agreements to that end.
In fact, it was the shooting down of a plane
in April 1994 on which Rwandan dictator
Juvenal Habyarimana was a passenger,
with a preponderance of the evidence
pointing to the RPF as the responsible
party, that set in motion the 100 days of
mass killings. Habyarimana was killed, as
was fellow passenger Cyprien Ntaryamira,
the president of Burundi, and 10 others.
Much has been made since of the Clin-
ton administration and the international
community’s failure to act during the
horrible 100 days in 1994. In reality, the
United States was proactive in prevent-
ing the United Nations and anyone else
from taking measures that might have
prevented much of the killing. Former
United Nations Secretary-General Boutros
Boutros-Ghali, for one, has put the entire
blame for what happened in Rwanda in
the 1990’s on the United States. And even
though Kagame continues to claim, as he
did in 1994, that his Hutu ethnic group
was targeted in a pre-planned act of the
Rwandan government, he also successfully
opposed international efforts that might
have curtailed the bloodshed. Further
puncturing Kagame’s claims is the fact
that Rwanda and France, its primary in-
ternational ally, supported international
action to stop the killing. We can only
surmise that the mass killing of Kagame’s
fellow Tutsis was acceptable to him and
the United States so long as the end result
was his complete victory in the fghting
and ascension to power. In addition, it’s
been well-documented that many of the
Tutsis killed were killed not by Hutus or
the Rwandan government but by Kagame’s
forces because Kagame considered fellow
Tutsis who had remained in Rwanda as
untrustworthy or collaborators.
Researchers Christian Davenport and
Allan Stam are among those who have in-
vestigated the events of 1994, frst under
the auspices of the U.S. Agency for Inter-
national Development’s (USAID) and then
for the International Criminal Tribune for
Rwanda (ICTR). Like many investigators
from the West, Davenport and Stam began
their project assuming that the Rwandan
government and rampaging Hutu civilians
were responsible for virtually all of the
killing. As their investigation progressed,
however, they discovered more and more
evidence indicating the RPF was also
responsible for a great deal of killing.
When, during their investigation, they
presented some of that evidence to a meet-
ing that included high-ranking members of
Kagame’s government and military, some
in the audience became enraged and one
military man cut off their presentation and
ordered Davenport and Stam removed by
force. Kagame subsequently barred them
from ever returning to Rwanda.
More instructive for how the ICTR,
the West more generally and the United
States in particular was determined to
spin the story of exclusive Hutu responsi-
bility and Kagame as the savior of the day
was the ICTR’s termination of Davenport
and Stam’s research project and refusal
to publish or in any way make known
their fndings. United Nations investiga-
tions that produced similar results were
likewise suppressed by the United States.
As with the wars that ravaged Yugoslavia
in the 1990s and their aftermath, to cite
just one concurrent example, the West
and the United States in particular were
determined that no fndings that refected
the responsibility of anyone but the desig-
nated bad guys would see the light of day.
In both instances, mass killings and other
crimes committed by U.S. clients Kagame,
Franjo Tudjman of Croatia, Alija Izetb-
govic and Atif Dudakovic of Bosnia, the
Kosovo Liberation Army and the United
States itself were whitewashed. Crucial
to the Rwandan story is the lie that April
1994 marked the beginning of the terrible
events, as if Kagame’s 1990 invasion and
the intervening deaths of many thousands
never happened.
For its part, the United States was
looking to supplant France, its chief
imperial rival in Central Africa, and in-
crease corporate investment in the area,
especially in the bordering Congo, one of
the world’s most resource-rich nations.
To that end, Kagame twice invaded the
Congo not long after taking over Rwanda,
launching what University of Pennsylvania
Professor Emeritus Edward Herman has
described as his second act of genocide. As
with the invasion of Rwanda, the invasions
of the Congo came with crucial U.S. mili-
tary training, armaments and diplomatic
support.
Western plunder of the Congo dates to
the 19th century and the murderous rule
of Belgian King Leopold II, whose insa-
tiable lust for wealth was responsible for
the deaths of up to 15 million Congolese.
Revolutionary forces fnally achieved in-
dependence in 1960 but it took Congolese
reactionaries and their Belgian and CIA
helpers all of three months to overthrow
and eventually murder Patrice Lumumba,
the nation’s frst elected Prime Minister.
When U.S. puppet Mobutu Sese Soko was
put in power, all semblance of indepen-
dence vanished as Western investors once
again took control, and they made Mobutu
a multibillionaire for his efforts on their
behalf. By the time Kagame invaded the
Congo the frst time, Mobutu had fallen out
of favor. His dictatorial ways had become
an international embarrassment, plus the
United States didn’t like that he was keep-
ing too much of the swag for himself. In
addition, they had Kagame who, in his ea-
gerness to be the United States’ new client,
was as pliant as Mobutu had ever been.
U.S. support of Kagame’s invasions
of the Congo has proven a remarkable
success, as his wars of terror paved the
way to a massive increase in American
investments (and profts) in copper, co-
balt, coltan and diamonds. During that
time, the number of Congolese who have
been killed in the fghting or died because
of starvation, disease and other causes
traced directly to Kagame’s invasions is
perhaps 10 times as many as died during
the Rwandan Genocide, and the dying goes
on and on right up to this moment. Yet
Kagame has been hailed again and again
by Bill Clinton, Madeline Albright, George
Bush II, Samantha Power, Susan Rice and
other facks for U.S. imperialism as a hero
and “the man who ended the Rwandan
Genocide.”
The ruling class and their media
stenographers have brought us through
the looking glass big-time: war is peace,
lies are truth, and genocidists are libera-
tors. They cannot entirely erase the truth,
however, and information about what re-
ally happened in Rwanda as documented
by Davenport, Stam and many others is
increasingly becoming available. Kagame,
meanwhile, is hard at work sending hit
squads around the world to assassinate
exiled opponents of his regime, his job of
laying the groundwork for increased U.S.
corporate plunder done, and done very
well. That is why he was allowed to oversee
last month’s ceremony and why virtually
nothing was said in the mainstream about
those who died by his hand to make Cen-
tral Africa safe for U.S. imperialism. It will
be up to those who live in a future world
free of Empire to honor them in the man-
ner they deserve.
Andy Piascik is a long-time activist
and award-winning author who writes
for Z Magazine, The Indypendent, Coun-
terpunch and many other publications
and websites. He can be reached at
andypiascik@yahoo.com.
Rwanda: The Victims Who Weren’t Commemorated
Photo: srilankaguardian.org
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Graphic: Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University Old IW promo graphic.
Ceremony held in April 2014 to commemorate the mass
killing in Rwanda.
Page 12 • Industrial Worker • June 2014
Support international solidarity!
Assessments for $3
and $6 are available
from your delegate or
IWW headquarters:
PO Box 180195,
Chicago, IL 60618,
USA.
The IWW formed the International Solidarity Commission to help the union build
the worker-to-worker solidarity that can lead to effective action against the bosses
of the world. To contact the ISC, email solidarity@iww.org.
By the IWW
International
Solidarity
Commission (ISC)
The International Sol-
idarity Commission (ISC)
of the IWW sends our
solidarity to all workers
occupying (at press time)
the Greif-Sanjut sack fac-
tory, a division of the U.S.
enterprise, Greif, since
Feb. 10. We condemn the
police and gendarmerie
raid in the early daylight
hours of April 10. Due to
this attack many workers have been taken into custody and abused, including, Mehmet
Ali Karabulut, who was reporting for the left publication Kizil Bayrak.
The Greif factory, a manufacturer of packaging products, has been occupied by
500 workers who are members of the Türkiye Devrimci İşçi Sendikaları Konfedera-
syonu, (DİSK, or Confederation of Revolutionary Trade Unions of Turkey). Workers
at the Greif factory are struggling for several issues. The most urgent problems are:
low wages, which are currently below the poverty line; 44 subcontractor companies
working for the Greif bosses; and excessive workplace accidents. Workers, including
the core workforce and subcontracted workers, decided to occupy the factory after
the managers refused to negotiate concerning their problems.
The occupation process has operated through direct democracy, with 14 workers’
committees inside the factory. Every decision has been discussed and made by the
workers, and committee decisions are discussed at the general assembly. Female and
male workers alike have expressed in videos and interviews that they have gained
confdence through the occupation and by taking matters into their own hands.
Shamefully, however, occupying workers at Greif, who are members of DİSK,
have not been receiving solid support from the bureaucracy of the confederation. The
confederation is dependent on the legal framework and negotiations with the bosses
and thus the union bureaucracy turned its backs on the workers’ militant direct ac-
tion. The union bureaucracy, including the so-called professionals, is aware of the
fact that workers’ control and self-management are a real threat to their interests.
Since the IWW’s founding in 1905, we have striven to build unions based on
the direct strength of workers on the job, through strikes and occupations such as
the brave workers at Greif have done. We salute the resisting workers at Greif and
encourage them in their struggle.
Solidarity With The Workers’ Occupation
Of The Greif-Sanjut Factory In Istanbul!
Photo: revolution-news.com Greif-Sanjut factory protest.
By John Kalwaic
On April 10 Turkish riot police
evicted workers and supporters who were
occupying the Greif-Sanjut sack factory
in Istanbul, Turkey. Striking workers and
their supporters were occupying the Grief
factory since February. Istanbul police
arrested 91 workers and supporters at the
occupied plant. Some protesters went to
the roof of the building to demonstrate
against the assault on the occupying
workers. The plant occupation started in
February when Greif CEO David Fischer
said the plant would be slated for closure
because of the strike. The Turkish govern-
ment has become increasingly more re-
pressive as it enacts its neoliberal policies
and cracks down on political opposition.
With fles from Columbus Business
First, WN.com, One News Page, and Oc-
cuworld.
Police Raid Greif Plant Occupation In Turkey
Photo: revolution-news.com Greif factory workers.
Photo: revolution-news.com
By John Kalwaic
A suicide bomber hit the
U.S. embassy in the Turk-
ish capital of Ankara on
Feb. 1, 2013. The following
day a small far-left faction
known as the Revolutionary
People’s Liberation Party-
Front claimed responsibility
for the bombing of the em-
bassy. Since then, Turkey’s
conservative government,
led by Prime Minister Re-
cep Tayyip Erdogan, has
launched a crackdown on all
political dissent, including
unions. The Kamu Emekçileri Sendikaları
Konfederasyonu (KESK, or Confedera-
tion of Public Workers’ Union), which has
long been an opponent of Erdogan and
his Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP, or
Justice and Development Party), had more
than 500 members imprisoned last year,
in which 29 of them spent almost a year
in prison. The Turkish government has
tried to severely limit the right to strike
due to the opposition that many of the
unions present to Erdogan’s conserva-
tive rule. The KESK grew out of Turkey’s
radical student movements in 1995 and is
very much at odds with the conservative
Turkish Government Blames Union For Suicide Bombings
AKP. The Turkish government regularly
accuses the KESK of supporting the Kurd-
ish separatist Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan
(PKK, or Kurdistan Workers’ Party) and
other groups labeled as “terrorists.” The
KESK and other unions were a key part of
the June 2013 protests in Gezi Park and
Taksim Square against the AKP govern-
ment. Many unions, particularly from
Europe, have supported the KESK as well
as other unions in Turkey that are being
persecuted by the government. Nearly
13,000 union members have sent protest
letters to Turkey.
With fles from Labor Notes.
By John Kalwaic
In Maoming, Chi-
na, a city in the south-
ern Guangdong prov-
ince, a massive protest
occurred against a new
chemical plant known
as the PX. On March
30, nearly 10,000 peo-
ple took to the streets.
The protesters con-
sisted of students and
workers concerned
about health and safety
standards. Junior high
school students were
“advised” by their teachers to sign a peti-
tion in support of the PX plant despite
the fact that most of them opposed it.
The students came out and demonstrated
against the PX in defance of their teach-
ers. People in the area have already been
known to use the internet to call for a strike
that received widespread support. The
protests received bad press from the local
newspapers because they allegedly threat-
ened to “disrupt social order.” Protesters
ended up throwing rocks and eggs at the
riot police after the police harassed many
of the demonstrating residents. These riots
and demonstrations pointed to the fact
the labor, the environment and students
issues do not have to work in competition
with one another.
With fles from Want China Times,
Global Times, and Revolution News!
Students, Workers Protest Chemical Plant In China
By John Kalwaic
Hundreds of people battled with riot
police on April 13 in Athens. The protest-
ers were mainly retail workers upset that
Greek retail employers were extending
the shopping week into Sunday and in-
creasing hours the shops would be open.
The groups opposing the extension of
Retail Workers Protest, Clash With Police In Greece
shopping hours range
from pro-worker anar-
chists and leftist to the
Greek Orthodox Church,
which opposes working
on Sundays. Around
500 protesters came
out and clashed with
the police on several oc-
casions. Many activists
tried to hand out fly-
ers, protesting the deci-
sion to extend the work
week and tried to block
customer access to the
stores in Athens. Riot
police pepper sprayed
the protesters and pelted them with tear
gas, much of the media attributed the riots
to “anarchists.” This was glimpse of a new
form of resistance from retail and food
service workers, which are not unionized
in most countries.
With fles from Yahoo News.
Riot police defend the PX plant.
Photo: infoshop.org
Turkish unionists. Photo: labornotes.org
Graphic: Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University “Strike” agit prop, artist unknown.
Protesters clash with police.