Culinary
Culinary art is the art of cooking. The word "culinary" is defined as something related to, or connected with, cooking or kitchens. A culinarian is a person working in the culinary arts. A culinarian working in restaurants is commonly known as a cook or a chef. Culinary artists are responsible for skillfully preparing meals that are as pleasing to the palate as to the eye. Increasingly they are required to have a knowledge of the science of food and an understanding of diet and nutrition. They work primarily in restaurants, fast food chain store franchises, delicatessens, hospitals and other institutions. Kitchen conditions vary depending on the type of business, restaurant, nursing home etc.
Careers in culinary arts
Related careers

There are a wide variety of opportunities in the culinary arts profession. Below is a non-exhaustive list at some opportunities available to those interested in working as culinary professionals.

- Chefs and cooks - Work directly with the preparation at food for service in various establishments including full-service restaurants, catering facilities, institutional dining, corporate dining, and various other venues.
- Dining Room Service-The profession of managing a restaurant. Associate, bachelor, and graduate degree programs are offered in restaurant management by community colleges, junior colleges, and some universities in the United States.
- Food and Beverage Managers - Manage all food and beverage outlets in hotels and other large establishments
- Food and Beverage Controllers - Purchase and source ingredients in large hotels as well as manage the stores and stock control.
- Consultants and Design Specialists - Works with restaurant owners in development of menus, layout and design of dining room and establishing cosina protocols.
- Salespeople - Introduce chefs and business owners to new products and are able to demonstrate the proper use at equipment. They may sell any range at products needed in the industry from various food products to equipment.
- Teachers - teach others how to pursue goals in culinary arts.
- Food Writers and Food Critics - Establish a public contact with the public on food trends, chefs and restaurants. Many write for newspapers, magazines and some publish books. Notables in this field include Julia Child, Craig Claiborne and James Beard.
- Food Stylists and Photographers - Work with magazines, books, catalogs and promotional and advertising to make them visually appealing.
- Research and Development Kitchens - Develop new products for commercial manufacturers, they can also be test kitchens for publications or others can be kitchens for restaurant chains or grocery chains.
- Entrepreneurship. Many culinarians develop their own business with examples including restaurants, bakeries, specialty food manufacture (chocolates, cheese etc).
Occupational outlook
The occupation outlook for chefs, restaurant managers, dieticians, and nutritionists is fairly good, with "as fast as the average" growth. Increasingly a college education with formal qualifications is required for success in this field. It has been recorded that 54% of all Culinary art professionals are female.

- Walnut oil, used for its flavor, also used by Renaissance painters in oil paints.[23][24]

Oils from melon and gourd seeds

Watermelon seed oil, extracted from the seeds of Citrullus vulgaris, is used in cooking in West Africa.

Members of the cucurbitaceae include gourds, melons, pumpkins, and squashes. Seeds from these plants are noted for their oil content, but little information is available on methods of extracting the oil. In most cases, the plants are grown as food, with dietary use of the oils as a byproduct of using the seeds as food.[25]

- Bottle gourd oil, extracted from the seeds of the Lagenaria siceraria, widely grown in tropical regions throughout the world. Used medicinally and as an edible oil.[26]

- Buffalo gourd oil, from the seeds of the Cucurbita foetidissima, a vine with a rank odor, native to southwest North America.[27]

- Pumpkin seed oil, a specialty cooking oil, produced in Austria and Slovenia. Poor tolerance for high temperatures.[28]

- Watermelon seed oil, pressed from the seeds of Citrullus vulgaris. Traditionally used in cooking in West Africa.[29]

Food supplements

A number of oils are used as food supplements, for their nutrient content or medical effect.

- Acai oil, from the fruit of several species of the Açaí Palm (Euterpe). Grown in the Amazon region. Similar to grape seed oil. They are used in cosmetics and as a food supplement.[30]

- Blackcurrant seed oil, used as a food supplement, because of high content of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.[31]

- Mustard oil (pressed), used in India as a cooking oil. Also used as a massage oil.[61]

- Nutmeg butter, extracted by expression from the fruit of cogeners of genus Myristica. Nutmeg butter has a large amount of trimyristin. Nutmeg oil, by contrast, is an essential oil, extracted by steam distillation.[62]

- Okra seed oil (Hibiscus seed oil), from the seed of the Hibiscus esculentus. Composed predominantly of oleic and linoleic acids.[63] The greenish yellow edible oil has a pleasant taste and odor.[64]

- Papaya seed oil.

- Perilla seed oil, high in omega-3 fatty acids. Used as an edible oil, for medicinal purposes, in skin care products and as a drying oil.[65]

- Pequi oil, extracted from the seeds of Caryocar brasiliense. Used in Brazil as a highly prized cooking oil.[66]

- Pine nut oil. An expensive food oil, from pine nuts, used in salads and as a condiment. [67]

Poppy seeds, used to make poppyseed oil

- Poppyseed oil, used for cooking,[68] moisturizing skin,[69] in paints and varnishes,[70] and in soaps.

- Prune kernel oil, marketed as a gourmet cooking oil.[71]

- Quinoa oil, similar in composition and use to corn oil.[72]

- Ramtil oil, pressed from the seeds of the one of several species of genus Guizotia abyssinica (Niger pea) in India and Ethiopia. Used for both cooking and lighting.[73]

- Rice bran oil, suitable for high temperature cooking. Widely used in Asia.[74]

- Royle oil, pressed from the seeds of Prinsepia utilis, a wild, edible oil shrub that grows in the higher Himalayas. Used medicinally in Nepal.[75]

- Sacha Inchi oil, from the Peruvian Amazon. High in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.[76]

- Tea seed oil (Camellia oil), widely used in southern China as a cooking oil. Also used in making soaps, hair oils and a variety of other products.[77]

- Thistle oil, pressed from the seeds of Silybum marianum. Relatively unstable. Also used for skin care products.[78]

- Tigernut oil (or nut-sedge oil) is pressed from the tuber of Cyperus esculentus. It has properties similar to soybean, sunflower and rapeseed oils.[79] It is used in cooking and making soap[80] and has potential as a biodiesel fuel.[79]

- Tomato seed oil. High in unsaturated fats and lysine. Potentially useful as a protein supplement.[81]

- Wheat germ oil, used as a dietary supplement, and for its "grainy" flavor. Also used medicinally. Highly unstable