The bandwidth carried on core and metropolitan DWDM networks is growing exponentially, while operators’ revenues are not keeping pace. The Cisco ONS 15454 100-Gbps solution can dramatically lower the cost to carry bandwidth, helping to maintain and improve customers’ profitability. Internet growth is still exponential, mainly due to demand for next-generation services such as quadruple play (data, voice, video, and mobility), video distribution, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and other high-bandwidth services.

With advanced modulation schemes, the ability to transmit 100-Gbps wavelengths on existing or new DWDM systems improves return on investment by increasing the overall capacity per fiber pair without impacting the unregenerated transmission distance supported by the system. Scaling from 10 Gbps to 40 Gbps and now 100 Gbps increases by a factor of 10 the bandwidth that can be transported over existing fiber networks.

The new CP-DQPSK modulation supports 9.6 Tbps capacity transmission over Ultra-Long-Haul (ULH) networks of up to 3000 km of unregenerated optical spans.

The Cisco ONS 15454 100 Gbps Coherent DWDM Trunk Card is designed to provide the following benefits:

●Transport of 100-Gbps wavelengths over fully uncompensated networks, up to 3000 km of unregenerated optical spans

●Transport at 100 Gbps over very low-quality fiber with very high Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)

●Support for up to ninety-six 100-Gbps wavelengths (50-GHz channel spacing) with very high tolerance to filtering penalties

●Improved overall system density for 100 Gbps per slot, five times greater than the density achieved with 40‑Gbps units

●Support for different configurations (transponder, muxponder, or regenerator) through software provisioning only

Product Features and Benefits

The Cisco ONS 15454 100 Gbps Coherent DWDM Trunk Card is a plug-in module to the Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP, providing a cost-effective architecture for delivering 100-Gbps services. The card also features a pluggable client interface that can be used to provide transponder capabilities, mapping the client signal to a single DWDM line interface.

The CP-DQPSK modulation scheme consists of multiplexing two DQPSK signals using two different orthogonal light polarizations, as shown in Figures 3 and 4.

Figure 3. CP-DQPSK Logical Modulation Scheme

Figure 4. CP-DQPSK Logical Transmitter Scheme

The core of the 100-Gbps CP-DQPSK modulation scheme is the optical receiver, based on coherent optical detection, where a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) calculates the inverse of the optical system matrix, allowing the receiver to recover the original transmitted signals (Figure 5).

The trunk card supports software-provisionable tunability across the full C band, covering 96 channels on the 50-GHz grid. Tunability provides flexibility and reconfigurability of services transported on ROADM-based networks, and also allows ordering and inventory of a single part for deployment and sparing.

Flexible Protection Mechanism Support

The trunk card supports multiple protection mechanisms commonly used in optical transport networks. Table 2 outlines the available protection options and the associated service-level agreements (SLAs) that can be provided.

Table 2.Protection Formats

Protection Type

Capabilities

Unprotected

No client terminal interface, transponder card, or DWDM line protection.

The client signal is transported over a single unprotected transponder card or optical path.

The Cisco ONS 15454 100 Gbps Coherent DWDM Trunk Card allows timing to flow through from client to line optical interface. The received timing from the client interface is used to time the line transmitter interface. This flow-through timing allows multiple trunk cards to be placed in the same shelf but be independently timed, independent of the network element timing.

Management

The Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP system provides comprehensive management capabilities to support Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning (OAM&P) capabilities through the integrated Cisco Transport Controller craft interface with support from the Cisco Prime™ optical element management system. The trunk card features provisionable digital wrapper (G.709) functionality, providing per-wavelength performance management capabilities, especially for services transported transparently across the network. Without the digital wrapper functions, a carrier transporting a service transparently would be unable to identify network impairments that may degrade the transported signal and violate the SLA agreements. The digital wrapper’s Generic Communication Channel (GCC) provides a separate communications channel on a per-wavelength basis to be used by the platform when transparent signals are transported. GCC allows the Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP system to extend its advanced network autodiscovery capabilities to DWDM-based services. The integrated Cisco Transport Controller craft manager and Cisco Prime provide the user with OAM&P functionalities for the system.

Far-End-Laser-Off Behavior

The Cisco ONS 15454 100 Gbps Coherent DWDM Trunk Card can provision the far-end-laser-off behavior when SONET/SDH payloads are present. Customers can use Cisco Transport Controller to configure how the remote client interface will behave following a fault condition. It is possible to configure the remote client to Squelch or to send an Alarm Indication Signal (AIS). For 100-Gigabit Ethernet signals, the default behavior is Squelching.

Performance Monitoring

The Cisco ONS 15454 100 Gbps Coherent DWDM Trunk Card provides support for both transparent and nontransparent signal transport performance monitoring. The digital wrapper channel is monitored according to G.709 Optical Transport Network (OTN) and G.8021 standards. Performance monitoring of optical parameters on the client and DWDM line interface include Loss of Signal (LOS), laser bias current, transmit optical power, and receive optical power. Calculation and accumulation of the performance monitoring data are supported in 15-minute and 24-hour intervals as per G.7710.

Physical system parameters measured at the wavelength level, such as mean polarization mode dispersion, accumulated chromatic dispersion, or received optical signal to noise ratio, are also included in the set of performance monitoring parameters. These can greatly simplify troubleshooting operations and enhance the set of data that can be collected directly from the equipment. A detailed list of performance monitors is given in Table 8.

The trunk card incorporates faceplate-mounted LEDs to provide a quick visual check of the operational status of the card. An orange circle is printed on the faceplate, indicating the shelf slot in which you can install the card.

A specific configuration of the client will support IP over DWDM (IPoDWDM) proactive Fast Reroute (FRR) messaging over the CXP client in case of 100 Gigabit Ethernet connectivity.

Regeneration Application

The Cisco ONS 15454 100 Gbps Coherent DWDM Trunk Card supports OTU-4 regeneration capabilities. Two cards can be configured to work in back-to-back mode connecting through the backplane in the same shelf, and perform the OTN Optical-Electrical-Optical (OEO) regeneration of the frame as depicted in Figure 6.

The Cisco ONS 15454 100 Gbps Coherent DWDM Trunk Card can be coupled with the Cisco ONS 15454 2-Port CFP Line Card to support two ports of 40-Gbps muxponder capability in a C Form-Factor Pluggable (CFP) configuration. The trunk card can be connected through the Cisco ONS 15454 MSTP M6 or M2 backplane (no client CXP required) with the 2-port CFP line card and provides OTN multiplexing of the two ports of 40-Gbps data streams into a single 100-Gbps DWDM OTU-4 wavelength.

The Cisco ONS 15454 100 Gbps Coherent DWDM Trunk Card can be coupled with the Cisco ONS 15454 2-Port CFP Line Card to support the 100GBASE-LR4 client interface for the 100-Gbps transponder. The 2-port CFP line card can be connected through the Cisco ONS 15454 M6 or M2 backplane with up to two trunk cards placed in slots immediately above and below the line card to provide the functionality of two 100-Gbps LR4 transponders, using CFP pluggables as the client-facing interface (Figure 9).

●100-Gbps router interconnection for business services and research networks: Cisco research indicates that the total volume of worldwide IP traffic is doubling every two years, requiring an increase in transfer rate from 10 Gbps to 100 Gbps. The transponder solution aims to provide DWDM interconnection between 100-Gbps router interfaces across DWDM metro, regional, or ULH networks. The advanced CP-DQPSK modulation scheme is designed to cope with long-distance applications, allowing the extension of unregenerated 100-Gbps services across fiber spans up to 3000 km.

The Cisco ONS 15454 100 Gbps Coherent DWDM Trunk Card includes the ability to cost-effectively transport 10-Gbps services through a pay-as-you-grow licensing model for the 10-Port 10-Gbps muxponder configuration. A licensed version of the Cisco ONS 15454 100 Gbps Coherent DWDM Trunk Card works in conjunction with a licensed version of the Cisco ONS 15454 10-Port 10 Gbps Line Card, offering a cost-effective solution for aggregation and transport of 10-Gbps services. These two cards can only work in this configuration. Additional 10-Gbps services will be provided by mounting a 10-Gbps license through software key distribution. Up to nine additional 10-Gbps licenses can be added to the Cisco ONS 15454 10-Port 10 Gbps Line Card (only one is provided in the initial configuration).

To simplify spares management, it is also possible to upgrade the licensed version of the trunk card to full functionality.

●Transparent support for UPSR, SNCP, BLSR, MS-SPRing, and 1+1 APS and MSP

●OCH-trail protection through protection switch module

●Unprotected (0+1)

Regulatory Compliance

Table 4 lists regulatory compliance information for the trunk card. Note that all compliance documentation may not be completed at the time of product release. Please check with your Cisco sales representative for countries other than Canada, the United States, and the European Union.

1 Short-term refers to a period of not more than 96 consecutive hours and a total of not more than 15 days in 1 year (a total of 360 hours in any given year, but no more than 15 occurrences during that 1-year period). The values shown are valid for M6 or M2 chassis.