Zoology and wildlife conservation

Laboratory simulations of sustained volcanic eruptions

Article Abstract:

Researchers looking at sustained volcanic eruptions have been able to simulate volcanic conduit flows by rapidly decompressing large volumes of carbon dioxide-saturated water. This gives sustained explosions in a liquid where rapid exsolution of gas is taking place. It was established that the maximum average rate of propagation of the fragmentation region can be estimated if the conduit length is known. The start-up period identifies the time when the fragmentation region is propagating down the conduit.

Triggering basaltic volcanic eruptions by bubble-melt separation

Article Abstract:

The mechanisms that promote basaltic volcanic eruptions were analyzed by a basaltic magma chamber the models the interaction between magma cooling and bubble ascent. Analysis of the complex competition between volcanic processes in basaltic magma chambers indicated the role of chamber pressure build up in triggering volcanic eruptions. Furthermore, the accumulation of viscous magma was followed by magma cooling which reduced pressure build-up in the basaltic magma chamber.

A phenomenological model for precursor volcanic eruptions

Article Abstract:

The role and causes of precursor volcanic eruptions that precede the main event is explained, using a laboratory scale experiment. It is proposed that fast-moving gas pockets could be the origin of many precursor eruptions.