Making Jewish living and learning relevant for the 21st century

Month: February 2015

This Shabbat, our second Torah scroll will take us to the reading that precedes Purim, which is Parshat Zachor, the section from Deuteronomy that asks us to remember what Amalek did to use as we left Egypt. This is actually the one Torah reading for which there is a Torah-based commandment to hear this read aloud in pubic. Why might this Torah reading be the one that has this particular distinction?

Let’s begin with what did Amalek do to us. When we were leaving Egypt, after passing through the Reed Sea, we were walking through the beginning of the wilderness. In the back of our throng of people were those who were the most vulnerable: the elderly, children, the ill, those who had a hard time walking, and so on.

The Amalekites, a semi-nomadic people from that time, attacked us, but not as one would expect an armed force would do, which would be to attack our armed men. Instead, they attacked us where we were most vulnerable: the people in the back. That said, once we realized what was going on, Joshua, our military leader of the time, chose men, met them in battle and was victorious. So all is well that end’s well.

But why did Amalek do that anyway?

The Torah tells us that they were not “God fearing.” This term, which appears in the Torah a number of times, is the Torah’s way of describing people who are amoral, whose culture does not have a sense of ethics, of right and wrong, and seek to undermine what might be considered natural law, or the common sense tenets of human civilization.

Amalek is no longer an ethnic group. In fact, calling Haman (boo!) an Amalekite might not be a claim of a biological nature (since they were all wiped our under the reign of King Saul), but more a claim of an ethical or spiritual nature. We are not commanded to remember what an evil ethnic group did to us. We are commanded to remember what happens when those who hold power have no sense of ethics and morals, and then act according to their whims.

We are to remember that with power comes responsibility, and that one must always seek to wield power with “yirah,” a sense of awe and reverence, a feeling that one’s actions are being monitored and evaluated, watched and judged, all the time. Amalek is a state of mind that we must constantly be watching for and working to change, even within ourselves.

“The Eternal spoke to Moses, saying: Tell B’nai Yisrael to bring Me gifts; you shall accept gifts for Me from every person whose heart so moves them. And these are the gifts you shall accept from them:

Gold – Providing financial stewardship.

Silver – Taking on a leadership role.

Copper – Tending to our physical space.

Blue yarn – Educating our members, any age.

Purple yarn – Helping us laugh, sing, dance and cry.

Crimson yarn – Comforting our mourners.

Goats’ hair – Supporting our students and youth.

Fine linen – Leading service and reading our sacred texts.

Tanned Ram Skins and Dolphin Skins – Helping behind the scenes.

Acacia Wood – Fixing the world, piece by piece.

Oil for lighting – Communicating what we do, who we are.

Spices for the anointing oil and for the incense – Nourishing our bodies, minds, and souls.

Lapis Lazuli and other stones for setting – Making the festivals come to life (Making Judaism come alive).

And let them make Me a sanctuary that I may dwell among them.”

[Note: there is not a strong correspondence between each material and the time-gift I have connected to them.]

Rabbi Shai Held suggests that: “The mishkan (tabernacle) is intended to serve…as an island of Eden in a decidedly non-Edenic world.”

What a kehilah, a sacred community, aims to do, is precisely this. Each of us, as our heart so moves us, gives us the gift of our presence and of our time to create a sanctuary, an island that provides shelter, comfort and nourishment for the heart, mind and soul. A place where one can let their guard down. A place where our highest values, aspiration and goals remain in focus, no matter what may be happening out there. Every thing that each of us does for the congregation contributes towards these larger goals, towards building a Mishkan, our Mishkan, our island of Eden in this non-Edenic world.

So when someone asks us what we do as part of the congregation, no matter what role we play, in a larger sense, we all play the same role: we make a sanctuary so that God may dwell among us.

As you entered this morning, you were given a choice of wooden blocks or slats, and present with several labels, one for each of these terumot z’man, gifts of time. And you choose from among those labels ones that captures in some way the kinds of terumot z’man, gifts of time you have given over the past year or even years.

I want to invite every one up to the shulchan, one at a time, to bring up their building block, covered with their terumot z’man labels, and to put them all together. Then we will have a sense of what all of these terumot z’man look like when they are all put together.

After you bring up your building block, I would like you to share two things: first, your name, and second, what your terumat z’man could be for the coming year. It can be something that you either want to continue to do or something that you want to start to do.

[Note: Nearly every person in the room got up, beginning with our current president Mickey Lebowitz, followed by so many others, who enthusiastically shared their name with everyone, and what they would give of their time in the coming year. All the while, we sang the melody from “Prepare me to be a sanctuary,” both to the words of the biblical verse above, and then the melody alone. The last people to get up were Hecky and Ettarae Alpert, the founding couple of CBS-CS, who shared their names and what they would do in the coming year. To have them conclude the time-gifts was truly the emotional peak of the entire experience.]

We then concluded with the Blessing for the Community from Siddur Sim Shalom (page 148):

May God who blessed our ancestors, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, and Leah, bless this entire congregation, together with all holy congregations: Them, their sons and daughters, their families, and all that is theirs, along with those who unite to establish synagogues for prayer, and those who enter them to pray, and those who give funds for heat and light, and wine for Kiddush and Havdalah, bread to the wayfarer and tzedakah to the poor; and all who devotedly involve themselves with the needs of this community, and the Land of Israel. May the Holy One reward them, remove sickness from them, heal them, and forgive their sins. May God bless them by making all their worthy endeavors prosper, as well as those of the entire people Israel. And let us say: Amen.

We are going to leave the blocks of our trumot z’man in place during Musaf, as a reminder that all that we do together as a congregation is to build our Mishkan, our sacred community.

If you were could spend 15% of your life doing whatever you wanted, how would you spend that time?

It could be 15% of each hour, every day, every week, every year, every decade, or even 15% of a lifetime.

Imagine that for this period of time, you knew that everything else would be ready and waiting for you when that time came to an end. You could spend that 15% of your time without worry and concern about your livelihood.

How would you spend that time?

For those of us who have not yet done the math in our head, that would be approximately 1/7th of our time spend on other matters.

In a recent issue of the journal Shema, there was an article about Rachel Levin, founder of a group called ReBoot, a national effort to engage young creative people and activists in examining their Jewish identity. She was asked to recommend one big idea that help the potential to change Jewish life in general and Jewish educational in particular, she came back to the idea of the Sabbatical. The idea of the Sabbatical is not new.

It is one of the oldest Jewish technologies around.

We first got a glimpse of the idea of Sabbatical on a weekly level in Parshat Beshalach, when we were in the wilderness after the Exodus, and the food ran out, and we bitterly complained to Moses. In response to that God sent down manna, which would appear on the ground for six days in a row, with just enough for each day, but a double portion would appear on that sixth day, and then nothing on the ground on the seventh. Thus we first meet the idea that for 6/7ths of our lives, we work for our livelihood, but in that seventh span of time, we are commanded to spend that time differently. For forty years, we lived in a completely consistent Shabbat cycle, six days of gathering manna, and one day after that to live differently.

In Parshat Yitro, we heard the Ten Commandments, including the Fourth Commandment, which is about Shabbat, and in this first version, it gives that manna cycle more context, but more importantly, it gives us a why the idea of a Sabbatical exists.

“Remember to make the Sabbath day holy: Six days you shall work, and do all of your activity, but on the seventh day, it is a Sabbath for the Eternal Your God; do not do any activity, you or your son, or your daughter, your male or female servant, or your animal, or the stranger who is in your gates. Because six days the Eternal made the Heavens and the Earth, the Sea and all that is in them, and God rested on the seventh day, therefore, the Eternal blessed the seventh day, making it holy.” (Exodus 20:9-11)

Letting that one seventh be a time that we are free from all of the weekday toil that we do is godly; that is sacred time. Shaping our week in this way is how the Jewish people make time holy.

Now in this week’s Torah portion, Mishpatim, we encounter this idea, but for the first time on the level of the seven-year cycle:

“And six years, sow your land, and gather its produce. But in the seventh year, let it rest and lie fallow, and your people’s needy will eat, and what is left over the wild animals will eat it, so you shall do to your vineyard for your olives.” (Exodus 23:10-11)

Looking at this passage from an agrarian point of view, this means that were we all farmers (and perhaps some of us are, or perhaps gardeners), we would spend six years working our land as we normally would, but in the seventh year, we would hold ourselves back from actively working the land. All plowing, sowing, hoeing, pruning, and systematic harvesting would cease. The land becomes ownerless for that one year; it is if it belongs to someone else. The land-owners and the poor have equal access to the produce of that land. Anyone can come and take what they need for themselves, but cannot gather for any commercial purpose.

Consider how radically different this seventh year would be for such a family. What would it be like to have the sacred gift of one year without having to care for one’s fields? What would such a family do with that time? Travel? Spend the year somewhere else? Day dream? Pick up a new hobby or interest? One year to do with whatever they wanted, knowing that they would simply go back to working the land twelve months later.

A Sabbatical year is called in Hebrew a “Shmita” year, and this mitzvah/commandment was observed for a very long time in the land of Israel, even in some ways after the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem. At some point, it fell into disuse, that is until the last century.

As the Jewish people began to return to the land of Israel is greater numbers that before, the question of how the Jewish people should begin to observe the Shmita year came up. Some said that we should just do it, and chance the consequences (which could have destroyed the nascent Israel’s fledgling economy), and some said that we should simply abandon the practice completely. In short, under the leadership of Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, there was a compromise decision made about one hundred years ago to keep the practice of Shmita on our collective minds by circumventing the law through the sale of the land to a non-Jewish person for that seventh year, with the hopes that one day, people living in the land of Israel would be able to set aside that circumvention and observe a full Shmita year. In fact, this year, beginning back in September and going through this coming August, in the land of Israel is one of those years, a Shmita year, and this has raised the question anew of how Shmita is to be observed in our days.

On an ecological level, I have heard it said that letting farmland law fallow for one year out of seven is a healthy farming practice, that lets the land replenish its nutrients so that it continues to produce good yields each year. Some have suggested that we should expanding the practice of the Sabbatical to contemporary agricultural practice around the world. However, I think that this does not go far enough in exploring the full potential of the idea of Sabbatical for us today.

I think it is a safe assumption that no one in this room works as a farmer, or makes their living directly from working the land. But that does not mean that the idea of Shmita, of a Sabbatical, has no potential meaning for us.

Amicha Lau-Lavie, an Israeli-born Jewish educator, writer and performer, has created a year-long conversation called Fallow Lab that explores what the idea of a Sabbatical could mean for us. He writes that Fallow Lab:

“reinterprets the biblical agricultural practice of a year of release to the land and to the farmer, reapplied for today’s social, economic and digital reality. Our ancestors worked the land, lived its cycles and knew when to let go, release and renew. Our landscapes of labor exist more and more virtually. Can we extend the logic of the old sacred cycles and recycle Shmita back into our lives?”

We may not be farmers, but we all have our weekday tasks. They may not be plowing, sowing, pruning and harvesting with farm tools, but we each have the tools of our weekday work, the things we use to get done what ever it is that our work needs to get done. Sadly, many of those tools are digital ones that held out the promise of connectivity, but frequently have the effect of creating isolation and distance instead.

If our ancestors were able to let go of their work for one year out of seven, let the landscape of their work go untouched for one year, and spend that year letting the land and themselves renew, why should we not take advantage of this framework for ourselves, especially when to do so could help us find ways to renew and recharge our lives.

In Parshat Mishpatim, when we read the repetition of the mitzvah of Shabbat, there is the first mention of renewal in connection to the idea of Sabbatical:

“Six days you will do your doings, and on the seventh day, you shall stop, so that your ox and your donkey can rest, and that your servant can be refreshed, and the stranger.”

The part of the power of Shabbat, the 15% each week, is to let everyone in the household, including the animals be refreshed.

In her work on Sabbaticals, Rachel Levin came across Stefan Sagmeister, a graphic designer in New York, who closes his design studio every seven years for an entire year to give himself and his designers opportunities for personal experimentation. While this may sounds like a recipe for losing clients, Sagmeister argues that the years off fuels his success for the next seven years. Just before the Sabbatical, his designs seem repetitive and stale. Post-Sabbatical, he is once again bursting with new ideas and his company is more financially successful as a result. When asked how important the sabbatical was to “replenishing creativity,” Sagmeister replied: On a scale of one to ten – twelve.”

There is even a non-profit company called Your Sabbatical, that works at encouraging companies to offer their employees some form of Sabbatical. They have on their list over one hundred companies in the U.S. alone who offer their employees some form of Sabbatical, varying in length from three weeks up to a full year. There is also a long history of this in American business. In 1948, 3M let their employees us up to 15% of their time for their own experimentation, which led to the development of scotch tape and post-it notes. Google has its own 20% program, which led some of its developers to create Gmail and Google Earth, among another creative products.

According to Levin, non-profits that have sabbatical programs report that participants have greater job confidence, performance, ability to develop vision, work-life balance and physical health. Boards of those organizations report that they are more effective when they have to assess and plan for a sabbatical period; that is allows for second tier leaders to grow on their leadership skills and capacity.

Given all of this, why aren’t Sabbaticals common? Why do so few people take advantage of this heavenly 15% rule?

Levin suggests that perhaps it is because we think that everything will all fall apart without us if we are away too long. Or perhaps we think that our workplaces or institutions can’t afford to have others fill in while we would be gone. Or perhaps we fear that when others fill our place while we are gone, that we will be replaced. Or, Levin concludes, perhaps we think that all of this goes against the grain of a 24/7 work culture. And that would be precisely why we need to reclaim the idea of a Sabbatical again.

Most of all, many of us do not know how to pause. To put it in Hebrew terms, many of us do not know how to “Shabbat,” which means to cease creative activity.

To truly pause takes deliberate intention and concentration. If we don’t take the time to think about how we are going to slow down the pace of our lives and create space for the pausing, to allow ourselves to sacred gift of that 15% (at whatever level, the hour, day, week, year, sabbatical cycle, etc), it won’t happen.

Some other age-old technologies we have developed for pausing are ritual in nature, rituals that help us both enter into a Sabbatical frame of mind and ones that helps us take leave of that time. Lighting candles. Getting everything ready in advance so that there is no need to rush around during that time. Dressing for the occasion. Special meals to begin and end that period of time. Avoiding weekday items: money, car keys, anything with a screen. Avoiding weekday tasks: errands, chores, lessons, work that seems to follow us home at various times of day. All of these ritual technologies feel even more relevant to me today, precisely because they can enable us to carve out of our hectic pace of life and help us infuse our lives with 15% if our lives spent in periods of letting go, resting and renewal.

I propose the following. The next time you are sitting down with family or friends, spend some time thinking about and sharing with each other your answer to the question that we began with: If you had one year free from your work, how would you spend that year?

I want to end with a teaching by Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, the first Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem under the British Mandate, who wrote a book about the Sabbatical Year, where he defended his decision to sell the land, rather than observe a full Shmita. He wrote the following one hundred years ago:

This national treasure that is imprinted deep within us, the image of a world that is good, upright and godly – aligned with peace, justice, grace and courage, all filled with a pervasive divine perspective that rests in the spirit of the people – cannot be actualized within a way of life that is purely secular. Such a life, full of frenetic action, veils the glory of our divine soul, and the soul’s clear light is blocked from shining through the overpowering mundane reality, The impulse toward growth and self-realization needs space to come to fruition. We need to stop and shake off the bedlam of our daily lives…What the Sabbath does for the individual, shmita (a Sabbatical) does for the nation as a whole.’

In the end, I don’t think that the question “What would you do with that time?” is the most important question. There is another prior question that we must answer: “How will we stop and shake off the bedlam for make space for that time?”