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Mental health disorders are among the leading worldwide causes of disease and long-term disability. This issue has a long and painful history of gradual de-stigmatization of patients, coinciding with humanization of therapeutic approaches. What are the current trends in Russia regarding this issue and in what ways is it similar to and different from Western countries? IQ.HSE provides an overview of this problem based on research carried out by Svetlana Kolpakova.

On September 5, Laurie Manchester, Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University, presented her paper on voluntary repatriation of Russians from China to the Soviet Union between 1935 and 1960. The presentation was part of the research seminar, ‘Boundaries of History’, held regularly by the Department of History at HSE University in St. Petersburg. HSE News Service spoke with Laurie Manchester about her research interests, collaborating with HSE faculty members, and the latest workshop.

Dr. Sabyasachi Tripathi, from Kolkata, India, is a new research fellow at HSE University. He will be working at the Laboratory for Science and Technology Studies of the Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge.

This article explores new approaches to improve the efficiency of the study process in foreign languages teaching, which should help to fill the gap between the practical implementation and the theory to increase the efficiency of the study process. The principal aim of the research is to define possible ways to improve the efficiency of the study process for foreign languages teaching of bachelors for professional goals. The research objectives are the following: (i) analysis of existing approaches to understand the term “efficiency of the study process”, which means “to establish the most appropriate communication mean between student and teacher, to reach the highest performance indicator of the process”, (ii) definition and selection of efficiency criteria of the study process both for the teacher and the student (accurate selection of those criteria has a direct impact on how the target didactic goals will be achieved), (iii) discovery of practicable approaches to improve the efficiency of the study process. The article justifies the necessity to include professionally-oriented authentic texts, as one of possible options to increase the students motivation to solve cognitive tasks in foreign language. The performed research indicates that there is a significant didactic potential of authentic materials which can be realized only within a methodologically grounded system to incorporate them in the study process in the most efficient way. The author proposes a methodology to include professionally-oriented authentic texts into the study process while working with future specialists in advertising and journalism illustrated by the study guide “The language of the French press”. The novelty of this research is the following: for the first time the methodological approach with a particular focus to form professionally-oriented skills and experience developed by the author was tested between students of the second year of education, who only started to learn the French language. The results of the research demonstrates faster achievements of those study groups which employed such methodology, compared to other groups not involved in such study process. The article gives general guidelines for teachers to increase the efficiency of their lessons – to select the study materials and the type of lessons, to develop the necessary skills and to improve the communicative interaction of students. Specific questions to increase the efficiency of the study process in the context of foreign languages teaching for special purposes are introduced to the professional community. These include how to increase the students motivation, to incorporate professionally-oriented texts in the learning process, and to organize the communicative interaction in a system “teacher-student”.

The article describes the current tendency and challenges of philological characteristics of French the French popular language. The types of French sleng are marked out, indicating the linguistic units with the national cultural specific and information of lingvo-socio-cultural features of speech and nonlanguage behavior. The article observes and describes the expressive tools of the French language. There is the description of a cultural component of the process of studying and learning French from the perspective of intercultural communication.

The article examines the use of professionally oriented authentic texts while teaching foreign languages to university students. In foreign language teaching “authenticity” traditionally means original authentic language and speech material which ensures communication in natural circumstances of daily life. This term also defines one of the most important methodological techniques promoting students communicative competence in a foreign language. Bachelors’ future prospects greatly depend on their proficiency in the foreign language and on their ability to process authentic foreign language materials by actively making use of different sources – the Internet, newspapers, scientific journals, etc. An important skill, which will help future professionals in their work, is the ability to find, analyse and use valuable information from an original text in a foreign language. Different issues of teaching foreign languages using authentic texts of specialized nature, aimed at enhancing linguistic and professional skills of future specialists are discussed and put before the professional community. The relevance of the present article consists in determining the factors for organization of students’ learning in a non-native environment, examining the text selection criteria and looking at functions of the authentic specialized texts in the teaching process. The article describes the analysis of the material for teaching a foreign language for specific purposes, using as an example a “French for lawyers” course.

Interaction between professional life, societal evolution and higher education is an important prerequisite for educational literature innovation. It contributes to the personal development of not only a technicalist but a key person meeting challenges of international projects and taking full advantage of a specialized foreign language to obtain the latest information. The study of French by students specializing in landscape architecture and gardening provides opportunities of a cross-cultural approach to the design of gardens and urbanization.
The organization of a new textbook for French learners has been discussed, and in particular, the creative tasks requiring an analysis of a large amount of information and compression skills. The creative assignments can be divided into the following groups:
1) Lexical ones, for example: "Make a portrait of a typical landscape designer using the selected text expressions"; "Select the figurative expressions and define their functions in the text";
2) Translational ones, for example: "Describe the search algorithm for the equivalent of the term "soudure à la louche";
3) Speech, oral and written, for example: "Describe in writing the design of the garden on the scheme, suggest options for planting"; "Create a professional profile of the famous French designer." Creative activities can become forms of control as well: presentation of Power Point ("Fountains as an element of landscape architecture") with the insertion of pictures and animations; student video ("I am a future landscape designer"); audio recording ("Make a walking guide of a garden"), comics ("Compose a message in the language of flowers"); infograms ("Estimate plants planting"); creative graphic tasks ("Develop a flower bed design”; photo ("Photograph the cut and describe the composition of the soils in the garden"); field surveys (“Make a photo report in supermarkets on the eco-labels and packaging"). To discuss and to defend one's point of view we propose dialogues on the gardening emphasizing communicative units, for example: “Read the microtexts and put them in the form of a dialogue between an enthusiast who decided to plant truffles in Paris and an official who does not want to give permission for such a project”.
As the textbook is aimed at mastering modern concepts of landscape design in the Russian and French culture of the 21st century, tasks that relate to the personal participation of students in the life of the University are especially effective. The most important are tasks which require the analysis of a large volume of multilingual information and further compression of the material.

The purpose of the study is to identify the long-term benefits of the video creation for developing students’ professional curiosity and employability skills when learning a foreign language.

Objectives of the research: 1) to study the optimal forms of projects for the formation of speech skills in foreign language and solving intellectual problems; 2) to determine interaction between student and teacher, and the role of the teacher to enhance the student's creativity solving a specific problem; 3) to assess the student’s logical chain of decision-making on the topic choice.

Methods: analysis of the students’ final works, teacher-student discussion, group discussion and evaluation of the project by peers, monitoring the delayed educational impact of the project on the student's activity at the next stage of foreign language learning, monitoring the impact of the work on the evolution of the student’s view of the world.

Materials: French textbook "Landscape Architecture and Horticulture of the 21st Century: Challenges and Imperatives of Our Time"; student final projects.

Results. One hundred and fifty student works in French by Russian students of agrarian specialties of the 2017-2018 academic year have been analysed (made by more than two hundred students, future specialists in various agricultural sectors: agronomy, veterinary and sanitary examination, veterinary medicine, agro-industrial complex, standardization and metrology, land use and cadastres, landscape architecture and horticulture).

Criteria: originality of the idea; quality of filming; strategies for finding the equivalents for Russian terms in French; quality of subtitles (correctness, use of terms), quality of the oral presentation; humor.

Discussion. As the study showed, the students consider the optimal form of projects to be the Power Point presentation with the inclusion of video and audio elements and with subtitles. This form was used for an individual project. This kind of project required much more participation of the teacher in its creation, since this form was chosen by lower-achieving students.

The shooting of a video has been mastered by students: the development of the plot, the preparation of the text, artistic realization. In total, about twenty videos were created; most of them were group videos. From the point of view of the French language learning outcomes, this type of work is the most effective for the formation of speech skills and the solution of intellectual problems.

The poster as form was a completely new kind of activity for students; only one such project was implemented. It did not require any participation of the teacher: the student used tips of various training sites and performed the work perfectly.

During the implementation of the project, we note an increase in the students' creativity. They started by choosing a topic from the text-book, but the course of thought led them to an independent search on the new ground: they treat, through a logical chain, aspects concerning acute problems. For example, forestry – deforestation in France – draining the Shatura marshes in the Moscow region – current manmade fires in the world. Our goal, ideally, is that students are able to communicate in an unconventional professional situation. To do this, they learn to use their own experience and news sites, especially Euronews, for delivering material in a way of compression: abstracts, poster, presentation, subtitles.

The paper is focused on the study of reaction of italian literature critics on the publication of the Boris Pasternak's novel "Doctor Jivago". The analysys of the book ""Doctor Jivago", Pasternak, 1958, Italy" (published in Russian language in "Reka vremen", 2012, in Moscow) is given. The papers of italian writers, critics and historians of literature, who reacted immediately upon the publication of the novel (A. Moravia, I. Calvino, F.Fortini, C. Cassola, C. Salinari ecc.) are studied and analised.

In the article the patterns of the realization of emotional utterances in dialogic and monologic speech are described. The author pays special attention to the characteristic features of the speech of a speaker feeling psychic tension and to the compositional-pragmatic peculiarities of dialogic and monologic text.

After more then 70 years since his death and nevertheless the crucial changes psychology has undergone meanwhile, L.S.Vygotsky is still considered a major and highly influencual figure. In what follows the author tries to understand the means and ways of he reception of Vygotsky’s heritage and the major role L.R.Luria performed in the process in question.