Why do we get goosebumps?

Goosebumps, also known as goose pimples or goose flesh, are called that because they look similar to the skin on poultry after the feathers have been plucked. We usually get them when we’re cold, scared or feeling strong emotions like pleasure or surprise.

There are two main factors that cause goosebumps and the first is the release of adrenaline, which is known as the fight-or-flight hormone. This happens when the person is facing a situation where they may need to show aggression, run away or otherwise take action of some kind. In humans strong emotion can also prompt the release of adrenaline.

The second factor is caused by the adrenaline; muscles throughout the body contract, or tighten, in readiness for sudden movement. When the muscles beneath the skin contract they cause tiny depressions to appear, which makes the surrounding area look as though it’s raised up. This also causes the hairs on the skin to stand up, which is a leftover response from when we were less evolved and our bodies were covered in hair. In animals with thick coats of hair or fur, this reaction increases the amount of insulation between the cold air and the skin so the animal feels warmer. It also makes the animal look larger, which is useful if it’s feeling threatened.

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About The Author

Sam has worked as a forensic scientist as well as for the British government, and has degrees in both archaeology and osteoarchaeology. She has 2 children, is passionate about science, reading, history and music, and loves dyeing her hair bright colours!