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World History Timeline - By Tarini Carr

7500BC- Ancient bricks dated at the Gulf of Cambay. Remains of what may have been a pre-Harappan city.

7000BC- Earliest Pre-Harappan settlement of Mehrgarh.

6150BC Çatalhoyük is a major Neolithic center in Turkey.

5000-3400BC- first signs of maize, bean and cotton domestication in Mesoamerica.

5000 BC The practice of ritual burial and artificial mummification is begun by the Chincorro people of north coastal Chile, attesting to the Andean concern for the veneration and preservation of the dead.

1878BC – Sesostris II dies and is succeeded by his son Sesostris III who builds a canal at the first cataract of the Nile, forms a standing army and erects forts at the Southern border.

1700BC- The Minoan civilization on Crete is at its height

1700 BC Construction begins on the pyramid at the site of Cerro Sechin in the north-central valley of Casma, Peru.

1728BC- Accession of Hammurabi the Great of Babylon, author of the great Code of Laws.

1650-rise of Mycenaean civilization.

1600-1500BCE

1600BC – Hebrews enter Egypt.

1600BC-Linear A (writing) in common use over Crete.

1595BC – First Babylonian Empire destroyed by the Hittites.

1570BC- Beginning of the New Kingdom in Egypt: Hyksos driven out by Ahmose I and the Temple of Amun at Karnak begun. Reunification of Egypt begins.

1551BC – Ahmose I dies and is succeeded by Amenhotep I. He begins the custom of hiding his burial place.

1504BC- Thutmose II dies and is succeeded by his young son Thutmose III. His mother Hatshepsut governs as regent and within a year is crowned pharaoh. Mother and son then rule jointly.

1500BC – Cinnamon is exported from Kerala to Middle East.

1500BC- First tomb in the Valley of the Kings Egypt.

1500BC-Polynesians migrate throughout Pacific islands.

1500BC-Mittani Kingdom begins in Asia Minor.

1500BC The Huaca de los Reyes, a grand building complex of plazas, sunken courts, colonnades, towers, and adobe sculptures, is built of stone and clay mortar at the site of Caballo Muerto in Peru's Moche Valley.

1500BC Gold is hammered into thin foil and placed in the hands and mouth of a youth upon burial at the central highland site of Waywaka in Peru. The gold foil is the first evidence for the working of metals in South America

1500-1000BCE

1483BC –Thutmose III of Egypt reconquers Syria and Palestine and expands his empire.

1000-400BC Height of the Olmec civilization. Famous for the sculptures of giant stone heads with Negroid features.Incipient forms of writing appear as early as 500BC.

1000-700 BCE

975BC - King Hiram of Phoenicia, for the sake of King Solomon of Israel, trades with the port of Ophir (Sanskrit- Supara) near modern Bombay, showing the trade between Israel and India. Same trade goes back to Harappan era.

953BC- Solomon builds the Great Temple.

950BC - Jewish people arrive in India in King Solomon's merchant fleet. Later Jewish colonies find India a tolerant home.

850BC - The Chinese use the 28-nakshatra zodiac called Shiu, adapted from the Vedic jyotisa system.

814BC- Carthage founded by Phoenicians.

800BC – Traditional date of the composition of Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey.

776BC - First Olympic Games are held in Greece.

770BC – Eastern Chou Dynasty in China (till 256BC).

753BC – Traditional date of the founding of Rome by Romulus and Remus.

722BC- Capture of Samaria by Sargon II.

710BC – Assyrians destroy the kingdom of Chaldea.

705BC – Sennacherib becomes king of Assyria till 682BC.

701BC – Sennacherib establishes his capital at Nineveh.

700-600 BCE

689BC – Assyrians destroy Babylon and flood the area.

650-600BC Zarathustra, founder of Persian Zoroastrianism

647BC – Assurbanipal sacks the Persian city of Susa, enslaves the Elamites and sows salt on the ground so that nothing will grow there.

621BC – Dracon introduces Athens first written laws, which are noted for their severity.

612BC – Nineveh destroyed by Medes, Babylonians and Scythians led by the Babylonian king Nabopollassar.

608BC – Necho of Egypt defeats and kills Josiah, king of Judah, at the Battle of Megiddo.

604BC – Era of Hebrew prophet Daniel.

600BC - Life of Susruta, of Varanasi, the father of surgery. His ayurvedic treatises cover pulse diagnosis, hernia, cataract, cosmetic surgery, medical ethics, 121 surgical implements, antiseptics, use of drugs to control bleeding, toxicology, psychiatry, classification of burns, midwifery, surgical anesthesia and therapeutics of garlic.

600BC Lifetime of Lao-tzu, founder of Taoism in China, author of Tao-te Ching. Its esoteric teachings of simplicity and selflessness shape Chinese life for 2,000 years and permeate the religions of Vietnam, Japan and Korea.

150BC - Ajanta Buddhist Caves are begun near present-day Hyderabad. Construction of the 29 monasteries and galleries continues until approximately 650AD. The famous murals are painted between 600AD and 650AD

150 BC The site of Tiwanaku on Bolivia's Lake Titicaca is laid out in a grid pattern with civic-ceremonial structures and elite residences forming the center. Stone sculptures with low-relief carvings of human, animal, and undulating snake figures are erected.

100BC the Nazca peoples living in the Ica Valley and in the Río Grande de Nazca drainage are impressive weavers, producing complex works.

113BC- Heliodorus column is erected

100BC – Scythians invade North India and take over.

50BC - Kushana Empire begins (50BC-220AD). This Mongolian Buddhist dynasty rules most of the Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan and parts of Central Asia.

8AD – China ruled by Wang Mang, a commoner who had served the Han Dynasty who was appointed emperor after a power struggle.

100-300AD

10AD – Indian embassy to Emperor Trajan in Rome.

30AD – Christ crucified.

60AD - Buddhism is introduced in China by Emperor Ming-di after he converts to the faith.

79AD – Mount Vesuvius erupts and destroys Pompeii.

100AD - Zhang Qian of China establishes trade routes to India and as far west as Rome, later known as the "Silk Roads."

100AD- The Pyramids of the Sun and Moon are constructed in Mexico at Teotihuacan

117AD - The Roman Empire reaches its greatest extent.

180AD -Mexican city of Teotihuacan has a population of more than 125,000 and covered at least 8 square miles. It is one of the largest cities in the world betwen200-700 AD.

205-270AD - Lifetime of Plotinus, Egyptian-born monistic Greek philosopher and religious genius who transforms a revival of Platonism in the Roman Empire into what present-day scholars call Neo-Platonism.

225AD – Later Han Dynasty of China collapses. China is plunged into 350 years of chaos among 3 feuding kingdoms.

419AD - Moche people of Peru build a Sun temple 150 feet high using 50 million bricks.

430AD – Attila the Hun ravages Europe.

440AD – Pope Leo I proclaims papal supremacy over the teachings of Christianity.

450AD– Hunas invade India

452AD- Pope Leo I persuades Attila the Hun not to sack Rome.

476AD – Birth of the astrologer Aryabhatta. who by using Vedic numerals accurately calculates pi () to 3.1416, and the solar year to 365.3586805 days. A thousand years before Copernicus.

500-1000AD

570AD – Birth of Mohammed.

618-907AD -Tang Dynasty. the silk road trade to Europe thrives

641AD-Arab Muslims conquer Mesopotamia, Egypt and Persia in 4 years.

686AD- Reign of Pallava King Rajasinha who begins the extensive sculptural art in the thriving sea-port of Mahabalipuram.

691AD – The Dome of the Rock is built in Jerusalem.

750AD-Kailasa temple is carved out of a hill of rock at Ellora, India.

875AD - Muslim conquests extend from Spain to Indus Valley.

1000AD- A few Hindu communities from Rajasthan, Sindh and other areas, gradually move to Persia and on to Europe becoming the ancestors of present-day Romani, or gypsies.

1000AD-Vikings reach North America, landing in Nova Scotia.

1000AD-Polynesians arrive in New Zealand, last stage in the greatest migration and navigational feat in history, making them the most widely-spread race on Earth.

1000-1500AD Inca Empire at its height.

1000-1300AD

1000-1250AD- Chichen Itza flourishes as the economic and political center of the Mayas

1100-1200AD-Rise of Toltec Empire centered at Tula. They dominate Mexico

1001AD- Turkish Muslims sweep through the Northwest under Mahmud of Ghazni, in the first major Muslim conquest of India.

1040AD –Chinese invent the compass and moveable type and perfect the use of gunpowder, first invented and used in India as an explosive mixture of saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal to power guns, cannons and artillery.

1150AD – Building of the present Jagannatha Temple in Puri.

1096-1099AD- First Crusade

1167AD – Birth of Genghis Khan.

1175AD- Toltec Empire of Mexico crumbles.

1199AD – Genghis Khan becomes supreme leader of the Mongol tribes.

1200-1400AD-Rise of the Aztec Empire; disintegration of Maya civilization

1227AD- Mongolian Emperor Genghis Khan, conqueror of a vast area from Beijing, China, to Iran and north of Tibet, the largest empire the world has yet seen, dies.

1238AD – T’ai Kingdom established at Sukhot’ai, capital of the Angkor Empire, after two T’ai chiefs defeat the Khmer. This area later becomes Siam / Thailand.

1276AD - Kublai Khan completes conquest of China.

1297AD – Marco Polo visits South India.

1300-1600AD

1325AD- Southern Aztecs under Tènoc found Tenochtìtlan while northern Aztecs found Tlatelòlco just north of it

1336AD– Kingdom of Vijayanagara, last Hindu empire in India, extends as far as Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines (till 1565).

1300-1600AD- Renaissance in Europe.

1400-1500AD – Aztec Empire at it’s height

1433AD - China cloisters itself from outside world by banning further voyages to the West. (First bamboo curtain.)

1492AD- Looking for India, Christopher Columbus lands on San Salvador island in the Caribbean, thus "discovering" the Americas and proving that the earth is round, not flat.

1519AD-Tenochtìtlan/ Tlatelòlco
probably has 200,000 to 300,000 people

1520AD-Montezuma II, last Aztec emperor of Mexico is murdered by the Spaniards.