By all accounts, Lady Katherine Gordon was a beautiful woman. She was the daughter of a Scottish nobleman with royal connections and married four times, including to the pretender to the English throne, Perkin Warbeck. She was a witness to many important events in Tudor history.

Katherine was born c. 1474, the daughter of George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly and his third wife, Elizabeth Hay, who was the daughter of the 1st Earl of Errol. Katherine was the great-granddaughter of King James I and therefore of royal blood. She most likely spent time at the Scottish court in her youth and received an education worthy of her rank. She may or may not have heard rumors and reports about the war being fought over the English throne.

In July of 1495, a young man arrived at the Scottish court of King James IV who claimed to be Richard, Duke of York, one of the young sons of King Edward IV of England. The Duke of York and his elder brother, King Edward V had disappeared after being lodged in the Tower of London in 1483 following their Uncle Richard III’s proclamation as king. Whether James IV believed this man was the Duke of York or not, he saw the possibilities of using him as a pawn in his political negotiations and international alliances. He genuinely liked this young man and they became fast friends. James received the supposed Richard with all honors, treated him like a king, dressed him as a king, gave him a pension and took him on progress throughout the kingdom. He also gave him his cousin Lady Katherine Gordon as a wife.

In January of 1496, “Richard” and Katherine were married and she was now known as the Duchess of York. After the ceremony, there was more celebration, including a jousting tournament in which the king himself participated. After the tournament, the couple traveled to Falkland Palace in Fife and James made plans to go to war with England with “Richard” as his ally. In September of that same year, James raided Northumberland but returned to Scotland after only three days. No one in England rose up to support the supposed Duke of York. In the meantime, the spies of King Henry VII of England had found the true identity of Katherine’s husband. He was the son of a boatman of Tournai, a city in what is now Belgium and his name was Pierrechon de Werbecque or Perkin Warbeck as Henry called him.

Warbeck spent a period of nearly two years in the Scottish court. Perhaps James began to tire of him. He was trying to negotiate a marriage to King Henry VII’s daughter Margaret and Warbeck was seen as an obstacle since Henry wanted to get rid of the threat Warbeck posed to his throne. In the summer of 1497, King Henry had implemented a tax to raise funds for war against Scotland. The people of Cornwall found the tax excessive and a rebellion started. Warbeck considered joining the rebellion and making another bid for the English throne. James outfitted him with a ship and Katherine, Warbeck and their son set sail.

Katherine and Warbeck sailed to Ireland first and spent about a month there trying to raise troops. It became obvious there was no support for their cause so they sailed for Cornwall, landing at Whitesand Bay. Warbeck declared himself king and called for supporters. On the way to Penzance it is believed he left Katherine in St. Buryans at the halfway point. There is some confusion in the records. Another citation has her left at St. Michaels Mount. Either way, she was safely away from any action and would remain so for about five weeks while Warbeck gathered troops and went into battle. King Henry VII’s army came after him and after slowly losing support, Warbeck fled for sanctuary at Beaulieu Abbey in Hampshire where he eventually was persuaded to surrender in October of 1497. He was put under strong guard.

King Henry’s forces came to Katherine who was found wearing the clothes of mourning. She may have lost her son or miscarried. There is a mention in a Welsh chronicle of a son called Richard Perkins. Perhaps the son was left behind in Ireland? She had to be persuaded to surrender and the king’s men made it clear they would deal with her kindly. She was brought to Exeter where King Henry met her in person. Henry was particularly concerned Katherine was pregnant and the whole Warbeck affair would be never-ending through her children. But she wasn’t pregnant.

The chronicler Bernard Andre describes a meeting between Henry VII, Warbeck and Katherine. Henry met with Warbeck first and told him he would spare his life. Katherine then entered the room looking particularly beautiful. Warbeck confessed his true identity to her. Henry promised his Queen would look after her. Katherine wept and expressed her disappointment that Warbeck was not who he said he was and said she placed herself in the hands of the king. Henry complimented Katherine on her dignity and high birth and said she deserved a man of higher rank. Andre hints Henry may have been smitten with her. Henry treated the couple fairly well but wouldn’t allow them to sleep together.

Katherine was either forbidden or chose not to return to Scotland and resumed her maiden name. Henry outfitted her with horses, food and clothing and she traveled to the royal palace at Sheen. Queen Elizabeth accepted her and gave her a pension and a high place in her household according to her rank. In June of 1499, King Henry and Queen Elizabeth went to Calais to meet Archduke Philip who had married Juana of Castile, sister of Katherine of Aragon. Katherine Gordon accompanied them on this trip. On November 23, 1499, Perkin Warbeck was executed at Tyburn for conspiring against the king and Katherine became a widow. In January of 1502, the treaty of marriage between King James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor was finalized at Richmond. There was a betrothal ceremony the next day and Katherine was among Queen Elizabeth’s ladies and took precedence at the royal party.

Queen Elizabeth died in February of 1503. At the funeral, Katherine was one of the chief mourners. She took her place in the procession from the Tower of London to Westminster behind the Queen’s sister and she laid her pall on the coffin in Westminster Abbey after the Queen’s sisters. After Elizabeth died, Henry kept Katherine by his side. The royal accounts give evidence he relied on her for support for the rest of his life. She played cards with him and got medicines for him when he was ill. She painted cloths with religious scenes to be held before him as he lay ill and dying. But he didn’t marry her and there is no evidence of impropriety between the two. Payments appear in the records of 1509-1510 indicating she was one of Katherine of Aragon’s ladies when she was Princess of Wales.

Shortly before Henry VIII became king, Katherine received grants for land in Berkshire upon her promise she would not leave England. Sometime between 1510 and 1512, Katherine married James Strangeways who was a Gentleman Usher of the King’s Chamber. Strangeways died in 1516, leaving all his property to Katherine. In July 1517, Katherine married a Welshman named Matthew Craddock, a gentleman and knight of Glamorganshire. She obtained leave to live in Wales. Katherine was employed in the household of Henry VIII’s eldest daughter Mary Tudor from 1525 to 1530 as a Chief Lady of the Privy Chamber. Craddock died in 1531, naming Katherine the executor of his will and leaving her income from some of his property in Wales and 500 marks.

Katherine married another Gentleman Usher of the Chamber named Christopher Ashton sometime before January 1536. The last six years of her life were spent on her lands in Berkshire where she was regularly seen riding horseback around the parish. Katherine died on October 14, 1537. In her will she never mentions her first husband or any children. She calls herself the “sometime wife” of James Strangeways, referred to Craddock as her “dear and well beloved husband” and Ashton as her “beloved husband”. She left clothing to Margaret Kyme, the daughter of Cecily Plantagenet, to her servant Philippa Huls and to another woman she refers to as her “sister”, Alice Smyth who may have been the sister of Craddock or Ashton. Katherine was buried in the chancel of the parish church of Fyfield in Berkshire where there is a tomb with missing brass figures that is still referred to as “Lady Gordon’s Monument”. Ashton outlived Katherine.

Further reading: “The Last Medieval Queens” by J.L. Laynesmith, “Elizabeth of York: A Tudor Queen and Her World” by Alison Weir, “Blood Sisters: The Women Behind the War of the Roses” by Sarah Gristwood, “Dictionary of National Biography” by Sidney Lee, “The Last White Rose: The Secret Wars of the Tudors” by Desmond Seward, “The Perkin Warbeck Conspiracy 1491-1499” by Ian Arthurson

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27 responses

Thank you Susan for the article. She and everything about her are a puzzle to me. Just one is: I get that James might have liked Perkin but would he give away his very own cousin of blood royale in marriage as a throw away to cause trouble in England? It just seems too much to me. just one of my questions. thanks again

Absolutely, James would have done this. He was egged on by Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy, among others. Please see my article titled “Perkin Warbeck and King James IV of Scotland” for further information on the intrigue behind Warbeck’s visit to Scotland.

I love all your posts on Scottish history susan – so fascinating to see how families are all inter-related. Katherine Gordon’s sister Margaret married Patrick Hepburn 1st Earl of Bothwell – great-grandfather of James the 4th earl.

I enjoy all your posts, and this one was no exception. I knew some history about the major characters, but not much about the pretender and his wife. It was a great fill-in, plus you do a good job in explaining the interaction of events. To maybe answer one of Christian’s questions, I believe from what Susan wrote that Katherine’s son might have died since she was wearing mourning clothes. There may be no more information available about her son. Also, divorce was usually not an option in those days. It was after her husband was executed that Katherine was free to marry again.

Yet another excellent read! And here I thought I knew quite a bit about Warbeck and his, in part, lucky dealings with Henry VII. Now I know about his fortunate, well-married wife as well, thanks to your fine telling and great research!
Yours in history,
Rob

Of this, Susan, I have no doubt!
Oh, by the way, I found a biography of the Netherlands’ governor Margaret of Parma after all. Now, all I have to do is find a reasonably priced, used copy to grab for myself. Ah, how i suffer for my Habsburg rulers it would seem. And I know there are other family regents to learn about looming in my future! Maybe I should have stayed with Pharaohs and ancient Syria! No, not really…Rob

Dear Susan
This fine article sums up nicely the whole essence of why HISTORY is such a thrilling pass-time for me. In short it raises more questions than it quenches. Thank you so much.
Why would Lady Gordon still be married to Perkin Warbeck after questions were raised about his legitimacy? Who decided that?Did she believe him or the rumors? Why would she leave her son behind?
What about her relationship with Henry VII? Did they really “play cards”? Was it a brother/sister relationship or was he bullying her into staying? Did he have something on her? Her son maybe? How come she was trusted with “lady of the privy chamber” with her background? Maybe she was just such a nice and trustworthy person? But then again “nice” doesn’t get you very far in this world unless your name is Mother Teresa. Or was she an english “Livia”?
I will look up Alison Weir’s book to quench some of the issues and hopefully be presented to some new puzzles.
As always, excellent work. I have no way of peer reviewing your work but for a history geek as yours truly it makes my day time and time again.
Christian