Spinal Stenosis

The Basics of Spinal Stenosis

Spinal stenosis is the medical term for the narrowing of spaces in the spine, which results in pressure on the spinal cord and nerves. Approximately 75% of spinal stenosis cases involve the lumbar spine (low back). For most patients, the narrowing of the spine from stenosis causes the nerve root to be compresses, leading to shooting, burning pain down the back of the leg.

Around 375,000 Americans suffer with spinal stenosis, which is more common in people older than 60 years. Lumbar spinal stenosis is the leading cause of spine surgery in the U.S. Foraminal stenosis of the lower back is more common than cervical stenosis.

Causes of Spinal Stenosis

Age – Age-related changes to the back structures is the most common cause of stenosis. The tough connective tissues (ligaments) between the bones of the spine (vertebrae) thicken, and spurs develop on the bones. These bony growths protrude into the spinal canal and compress nerves. Also, the discs lose fluid and deteriorate, causing pressure on nerves.

Spinal arthritis – This is a form of osteoarthritis that affects the vertebrae bones.

Heredity – Some people are born with a small spinal canal, causing symptoms of stenosis to occur at a young age.

Spine tumors – Abnormal growths can impinge into the spinal canal and lead to bone resorption or displacement of bone.

Trauma – Injury to the spine can result in stenosis, as fragment of bone penetrate the spinal canal.

Spinal stenosis is difficult to diagnose because the symptoms occur in many other conditions. The doctor will ask many questions and do a medical history, inquiring about injury and back problems. In addition, several tests are used to diagnose the condition, including:

X-rays – Plain radiographs to visualize the bony structures of the spine.

Computed tomography with myelogram – A test used to assess soft tissue and structures of the back.