But first, I must show this slide before any following maps. You might be aware of the Crimean crisis. Today we are here to learn about Ukraine, and not the Crimean crisis. Thus, in this presentation, we are following the United Nations General Assembly resolution from the 27th of March, 2014.

Ukraine is the largest European country entirely located within geographical Europe. For comparison, it is about 10% larger than France. It is located in Eastern Europe. However, one of the several claimed geometric centers of Europe is located in Western Ukraine, and there is even a small monument there, erected in 1887, marking the spot. Sources:http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=area+of+ukraine+and+francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Center_of_Europe_-_monument_-_nearby_Rakhiv_-_Ukraine_(5647-49).jpghttp://www.lonelyplanet.com/ukraine/the-carpathians/rakhiv/sights/landmarks-monuments/geographical-centre-europe http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Europe_location_UKR.png (http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Europe_location_UKR.png)

Ukraine has 44.5 million citizens, ranking 32nd in the world, and about 7th in Europe. This is about 30% less than population of France, but 30% more than population of Canada. Ukraine is a multi-national country, being home to Poles, Greeks, Jews, and many other nationalities. The capital of Ukraine, Kyiv, has approximately 3 million inhabitants. Ukraine is mostly flat, with steppes and plains, but also has 2 mountain ranges – Carpathian mountains in the West and Crimean mountains in the South. From the West to the East, from the North to the South, Ukraine is diverse and beautiful! Sources:http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=population+of+ukraine&amp;lk=4&amp;num=1 http://liberapedia.wikia.com/wiki/Ukraine http://www.maphill.com/ukraine/maps/physical-map/

Ukrainian is the state language of Ukraine. Lexically it is the closest to Belarusian, followed by Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak and Russian. Belarusian (84% of common vocabulary) Polish (70%) Serbo-Croatian (68%) Slovak (66%) Russian (62%)

Our language is highly euphonic, meaning that it sounds soft and pleasant. Ukrainian language seems to be the only one which has a diminutive, pet word for “enemies”. I have tried to represent this with made-up translations of the usual word “vorohy” (enemies), and this diminutive form “vorizhen’ky” (pet enemies). Ukrainian language had survived literally centuries of oppression and intended destruction. Since the 17th century, at least 10 laws were written to specifically prohibit Ukrainian language in printing, education, schools, and other spheres of life. But thanks to Ukrainian villages and peasants, it had survived and developed.

A major role in both saving and developing Ukrainian language and literature played Taras Shevchenko. He was a poet, writer, painter, folklorist and ethnographer. His works and heritage are revered in Ukraine.

Unfortunately, foreigners often confuse Taras Shevchenko with Andriy Shevchenko, who is a totally different person! Andriy Shevchenko is a former football player, who played for Dynamo Kyiv, Milan and Chelsea. He is the best Ukrainian national team goal-scorer, and he also received numerous international football rewards and prizes, including the Golden ball and the Golden Foot.

I have mentioned that Ukraine is diverse and beautiful, and I’m going to show you places, which you may want to visit in Ukraine. The highest mountain of Ukraine is in the West, in the Carpathian mountains. It is called Hoverla, and is about 2 kilometres high. The highest peak of the Crimean mountains is Roman-Kosh, at about 1500 metres. The major river of Ukraine is the Dnieper river, but there are also several smaller rivers, important for transportation, travelling and recreation. Ukraine also has access to the Danube river. There are many natural caves in Ukraine, especially in the western and southern mountainous regions. Carpathian mountains have the fourth and the eleventh longest caves in the whole world – the Optimistic cave, 230 km long, and the Blue Lakes cave, 120km long. There are guided tours to some parts of these caves, so you should visit them.

If you are not a wilderness type of a person, you may want to stay in the cities. The biggest cities are Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Odesa, and Lviv. They are all different, and of course they offer operas, theatres, guided tours, as well as night life, and other forms of entertainment. There is a number of natural and historical parks throughout the country, such as Sofia Park in Uman’, Askania Nova steppe wildlife park, Carpathian natural parks and reserves, Chufut-Kale historical fortress and settlement, and Bakhchi-Saraj museum. For sightseeing, the most popular destinations include: Kyiv for the city hills and museums, L’viv for its Old City, Arsenal museum, many best coffee shops and unique restaurants, Odesa as the pearl of the Black Sea, Chernivtsi, which has a unique historical university city, Kamjanets-Podilski and Khotyn for their impressive fortresses.

I could easily spend 40 or more minutes talking about Ukrainian history, but this would probably be too much, so I’ll briefly highlight some of the historical moments. There will be huge gaps in the timeline, and if you are curious – just come and ask me after the presentation – maybe I will know the answer.

Some of the oldest settlements on the territory of modern Ukraine date back approximately 7 thousand years. This was the Trypillia culture. It built the largest settlements in Neolithic Europe. Some of Trypillian sites, such as Talianki in the Uman’ region of central Ukraine, are at least as large as (or perhaps even larger than) the more well-known city-states of Sumer, and these Trypillian settlements predate the Sumerian cities by more than half a millennium. This Talianky settlement had approximately 1600 structures and a population of 15000 people. One of the most notable aspects of this culture was the periodic destruction of settlements, with each single-habitation site having a roughly 60 to 80 years lifetime. It is still unclear why this was done, but some settlements were burnt down and built again a dozen times. Sources: http://www.sci-news.com/archaeology/science-temple-trypillian-culture-nebelivka-ukraine-02223.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni-Trypillian_culture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlements_of_the_Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillian_culture http://www.trypillia.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=27:the-trypillian-culture-introduction&amp;catid=44:introduction&amp;Itemid=14 http://www.sci-news.com/archaeology/science-temple-trypillian-culture-nebelivka-ukraine-02223.html http://www.trypillian.com/history.php http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/1993/419311.shtml http://www.ukraine.com/blog/mysterious-cucuteni-trypillian-culture-of-ukraine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cucuteni-Tripol%27ye_Culture_Outline_Map.png http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Talianki_(Trypillian_city).jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trypillian_city_(Maydanets).jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Reconstruction_habitable_wall,_the_central_part_of_Maydanets.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CucuteniHousingInterconectedHouses.jpg

Fast-forward some 6 thousand years, and we see prince Kyi from the largest and the most developed of many Slavic tribes founding the city of Kyiv in the 5th century. Sources: The Primary Chronicle, written in Kyiv in the 12th century, is the oldest Slavic history document. It tells us that one of the tribes, Polianians, was the largest and the most developed of all, and their prince Kyi founded Kyiv.

Soon afterwards, the first Slavic state, the Kyiv Rus’, was formed in the 9th century along the Dnieper river. The city of Kyiv was the capital of this state for 400 years, until the beginning of the 13th century.

In the year 988, Volodymyr the Great, the Grand Prince of Kyiv Rus’, accepted Christianity as the official religion, and baptised Kyiv Rus’. Volodymyr the Great was the first ruler to give Kyiv Rus’ political unity with the help of religion. Baptism was forceful and disliked by many, and so some of the pagan customs and fests got embedded into new Christian holidays and thus are still followed and celebrated in Ukraine, which is quite amazing.

Volodymyr the Great had trident as his personal symbol, and nowadays trident is the smaller coat of arms of Ukraine. Ukrainian flag has two equal stripes, blue and yellow.

Money of the Kyiv Rus’, silver and golden ingots, were called hryvnia, and this is also the name of Ukrainian currency nowadays. The smallest banknote shows Volodymyr the Great, who united and baptised Kyiv Rus’.

At its zenith in the 11th century, Kyiv Rus’ covered a territory stretching from the Carpathian Mountains to the Volga River, and from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea. Sources http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CY%5CKyivanRushDA.htm http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Principalities_of_Kievan_Rus%27_(1054-1132).jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alex_K_Kievan_Rus..svg http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/East_Slavic_tribes_peoples_8th_9th_century.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27

Successor of Volodymyr, Yaroslav the Wise, got famous for his family ties with Europe. He was married to a Swedish princes. His sisters were married to king of Poland and Byzantine prince. His 3 daughters became the queens of France, Hungary, and Norway. His grand-daughter was a Holy Roman Empress. There are rumors that another grand-daughter might have been the queen of Scotland. This list is definitely incomplete, but you get the idea, right?

Yaroslav the Wise is also depicted on Ukrainian money.

The history of Ukraine would be incomplete without Ukrainian Cossacks, free warriors and mercenaries, but also self-sustaining villagers, who practiced hunting, fishing, cattle breeding, bee keeping, and other activities. Sources http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%87%D1%96_(1709) http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8 http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Cossack_Mamay_1890.jpg http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5 http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG

Cossack headquarters (or capital), called Zaporiz’ka Sich, were located in the modern Ukrainian city Zaporizhya, on a river island. In an Italian map from 1684, Cossack lands were quite appropriately labeled “Vkraina o Paese de Cossachi di Zaporowa.” “Vkraina” in Ukrainian means “Country”, and the Italian part simply says “Country of the Cossacks”. Sources http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%87%D1%96_(1709) http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8 http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Cossack_Mamay_1890.jpg http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5 http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG

The first Ukrainian constitution was written in 1710, during the Cossack times. Two of the prominent Cossack leaders are also depicted on Ukrainian money. Sources http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%A1%D1%96%D1%87%D1%96_(1709) http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8 http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Cossack_Mamay_1890.jpg http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5 http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0_1684.JPG

In 1917, the Ukrainian People’s Republic was created, as shown by this map from the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. It consisted of the actual Ukrainian republic, and three more people’s republics: the Western-Ukrainian, the Crimean, and the Kuban’ people’s Republic. By the way, Crimean People’s Republic was the first Muslim republic in the world. Sources http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0 http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0 http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:P4160655.JPG

The first leader of the Ukrainian People’s Republic was Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, a historian who extensively researched the history of Ukraine. He is depicted on the 50 hryvnia banknotes Sources http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Pedagogical_Museum_in_Kyiv.jpg Михайло Сергійович Грушевський http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Hrushevskyi_Mykhailo_XX.jpg

Bol’sheviks immediately started an undeclared war against Ukraine, by creating a puppet government in Kharkiv in Eastern Ukraine, to be able to claim that there is no war between Russia and Ukraine. This undeclared war of Bolsheviks postponed Ukraine’s independence by some 70 years of Soviet Union. Additional information: A little under 300 Kyiv students stood against 4 thousand Bol’shevik troops not far from Kyiv. They managed to delay the progression of Bol’shevik army for 4 days, providing enough time to evacuate civilians from Kyiv. On the photo you see Kyiv people gathering in 1919 for a funeral of these young heroes. These students became one of the symbols of the Ukrainian everlasting fight for independence.

The Soviet rule in Ukraine is most remembered for the Holodomor, an artificially created famine in 1932-1933, decreasing Ukrainian population by 10 million people. This is more than Ukrainian losses during the second World War. Ukrainian villagers and peasants, who, for the hundreds of years were the carriers of Ukrainian language and culture, suffered the most, as they were forcefully deprived of the food they had, and denied rations or any other aid. In some cases, peasants were also forbidden by armed forces to move out of their villages, thus making death certain. After holodomor, some 22 thousand Russian and Belarus families were relocated to the emptied lands and houses of Ukrainians, settling mostly in the Eastern and Southern parts of Ukraine. Additional information: This map shows percentage decreases in population between 1929 and 1933. As you can see, Ukraine and dominantly-Ukrainian Kuban’ suffered the most.

In 1991, on a national referendum, Ukrainians voted for independence. The Independence Day is celebrated on the 24th of August each year. Here, you see photos - from 1990 demonstrations for independence, 2013 Independence day celebration in Luhans’k in Eastern Ukraine, and Ukraine’s largest national flag in Odesa, also on the independence day.

In 1994, Ukraine became the first, and, most likely, the last country, to exchange the 3rd largest nuclear arsenal for guarantees of territorial integrity and political independence. These guarantees were provided by the United States, United Kingdom, and Russian Federation.

In 2013, after a sudden cancellation of the planned Association Agreement with the European Union, a fairly small protest started in Kyiv. It would probably have disappeared after a short while, but it was cruelly and illegally dispersed during the night attack on the students who stayed on the Independence Square. Next day, many more people started protesting throughout Ukraine. It was no longer about the EU Association. It was about bringing justice to those guilty of the attack on the students. However, because of corruption, no one was punished for the crime. Instead, the former president attempted suppressing the protests. For the first time since 1991, people were killed during the protests. This revolution was for justice and against corruption, this is why Ukrainians call it the Revolution of Dignity. The former president escaped, and new elections were conducted.

This is the last history slide, and it doesn’t quite fit anywhere. Possibly because it was the most disastrous nuclear event in the history of humankind, followed by the Fukushima plant meltdown in 2011. Soon after the power plant explosion, some 14 thousand people had to be evacuated. A 30 kilometre Exclusion Zone was formed around the power plant, and is likely to stay in place for many decades to come. There is an international effort to build a shelter above the power plant, to prevent radioactive dust from getting out.

Nowadays, Ukraine is a modern and versatile country, and also a world leader in specific areas of agriculture, industry, sports, information technologies, research and space exploration.

We’ll start with agriculture. Ukraine is the world leader in the export of sunflower oil. Ukraine is in the top 5 world countries in production and export of barley, corn, wheat, and honey. Actually, this is not exactly correct for honey: Ukraine is indeed a leader in honey production, but not in export of it – looks like Ukrainians consume all the honey that we produce.

Ukraine has many well-known sportsmen, and I’m only showing a few here. You probably know the Klychko brothers, who at some point in time held all the Champions Belts from all the professional boxing federations of the world. At the bottom right you see Yana Klochkova, a winner of four golden Olympic medals. She set at least one world record in swimming, and over 50 Ukrainian records. Finally, to the left you see Oleksandr Usyk, a rising star of Ukrainian professional boxing in the light-heavyweight category.

Ukraine has high levels of education. The two oldest universities of Ukraine were founded in 1615 and 1660, and they keep operating nowadays.

Thanks to the high levels of education, it is not surprising that Ukrainian IT professionals are the third in the world (after the US and India) by information technology earnings.

Many of you probably use WhatsApp. It was founded by Jan Koum, who was born and grew up in Ukraine. He successfully sold WhatsApp for 19 billion dollars to Facebook in 2014.

You had probably heard about PayPal. It was co-founded by Max Levchin, also born and raised in Ukraine. Max Levchin had contributed to many other well-known startups, which I am not mentioning here.

Viewdle is a purely Ukrainian startup, specializing in facial recognition in videos. Reuters news agency purchased the services of Viewdle, and now you can search the news archive of Reuters for the occurrences of politicians, actors, and other celebrities.

Petcube is another Ukrainian startup. It allows you to play and interact with your pet remotely, while your pet is at home and you are at work.

I am sure that all of you, at some point in time, used hard disk drives to store information. However, only a few people know that this smiling Ukrainian, Lyubomyr Romankiv, was the developer of HDDs back in the 70th. He authored and co-authored over 65 patents on the magnetic storage technology. He is a proud citizen of his village Zhovkva, and he is also represented in the United States Hall of Fame.

Earlier, I’ve mentioned industry as one of the modern Ukraine’s strengths. I do not want to bore you with all the details, but I do want to show you that Ukraine is capable of the full cycle of developing complex machinery, from the initial design and to the final hardware. Ukraine is producing buses,

trams,

trains,

and airplanes. By the way, this is the world’s largest and heaviest airplane in operation, and it also has the largest wingspan. It is called Mriya, which means Dream in Ukrainian. In 2014 it had transported 247 tons of goods in a single flight. It’s take-off weight is 640 tons. Additional information: The Antonov An-225 Mriya (Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-225 Мрія, Russian: Антонов Ан-225 Мрия, Dream, NATO reporting name: &amp;quot;Cossack&amp;quot;) is a strategic airlift cargo aircraft that was designed by the Soviet Union&amp;apos;s Antonov Design Bureau in the 1980s. The An-225&amp;apos;s name, Mriya (Мрiя) means &amp;quot;Dream&amp;quot; (Inspiration) in Ukrainian. It is powered by six turbofan engines and is the longest and heaviest airplane ever built with a maximum takeoff weight of 640 tonnes. It also has the largest wingspan of any aircraft in operational service. The single example built has the Ukrainian civil registration UR-82060. A second airframe was partially built; its completion was halted because of lack of funding and interest. The Antonov An-225, initially developed for the task of transporting the Buran spaceplane, was an enlargement of the successful Antonov An-124. The first and only An-225 was completed in 1988. After successfully fulfilling its Soviet military missions, it was mothballed for eight years. It was then refurbished and re-introduced, and is in commercial operation with Antonov Airlines carrying oversized payloads.[1] The airlifter holds the absolute world records for an airlifted single item payload of 189,980 kilograms (418,834 pounds),[2][3] and an airlifted total payload of 253,820 kilograms (559,577 pounds).[4][5] It has also transported a payload of 247,000 kilograms (545,000 pounds) on a commercial flight.[6]

Ukraine is also a space country. For 10 years, between 1999 and 2009, Ukraine participated in the international Sea Launch project, Which had successfully launched approximately 30 satellites into Earth’s orbit. In this project, Ukraine was supplying rockets.

Continuing the topic of space exploration, many of you had probably heard of the recent landing of the Phylae probe from the ESA Rosetta Mission on the comet 67P. This comet is also known as Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet. It was discovered by two Ukrainian astronomers several decades ago.

Finally, at the beginning of the 20th century Yuri Kondratyuk had developed and mathematically justified a plan for Lunar Orbit Rendezvous. According to the plan, a small landing module would separate from the Moon-orbiting module, Perform tasks on the surface, then come back up to join with the orbital module for a flight back to Earth. NASA used this plan in the 60th as the basis for developing their first successful Apollo mission to the Moon.

Ukraine has too many talented scientists and engineers to mention in this presentation, but I’ll only mention one. Selman Waksman, a Jewish-Ukrainian-American biochemist and microbiologist, created the word antibiotics, and developed streptomycin, which is effective against tuberculosis. He received a Nobel Prize in 1952.

Ukrainians are known as the singing nation. If you ever find yourself in a group of 5 or more Ukrainians, you are almost guaranteed to hear them singing.

Maybe this is why one of the most popular Christmas carols in the world, the Carol of the Bells, was written by a Ukrainian composer Mykola Leontovych in 1916. He himself had used an old, pre-Christian fold melody as the basis. That fold melody was believed to have magic powers. Which could also explain the popularity of the Carol of the bells. Additional information &amp;quot;Carol of the Bells&amp;quot; is a popular Christmas carol composed by Mykola Leontovych in 1904 with lyrics by Peter J. Wilhousky. The song is based on a folk chant known in Ukrainian as &amp;quot;Shchedryk&amp;quot;. Wilhousky&amp;apos;s lyrics are copyrighted, although the original musical composition is not. The song is recognized by a four-note ostinato motif (see image to the right). It has been arranged many times for different genres, styles of singing and settings and has been covered by artists and groups of many genres: classical, metal, jazz, rock, and pop. The song is based on a traditional folk chant whose language was thought to have magical properties. The original traditional Ukrainian text used a device known as hemiola in the rhythm (alternating the accents within each measure from 3/4 to 6/8 and back again). The chant based on an ostinato four-note pattern within the range of a minor third is thought to be of prehistoric origins and was associated with the coming New Year which in Ukraine before the introduction of Christianity was originally celebrated in April.

One of the more well-known Ukrainian bands is Okean El’zy, which had toured many countries and released numerous albums.

A Ukrainian singer Ruslana won the Eurovision contest in 2004 with her song “Wild Dances”.

In the electronic music department, Onuka is combining electronic music with traditional Ukrainian folk music and instruments. You may want to check this one out.

There are many more talented musicians and actors of Ukrainian descent, such as Dustin Hoffman, Milla Jovovich and David Duchovny. Some of them, including Milla Jovovich and David Duchovny, self-identify as at least partially Ukrainian.

With that I would like to thank you for attention, and let us move on to the musical program.

Ukraine: from the Past to the Future

2.
• "By a recorded vote of 100 in favour to 11
against, with 58 abstentions,the Assembly
adopted a resolution titled “Territorial
integrity of Ukraine”, calling on States,
international organizations and specialized
agencies not to recognize any change in the
status of Crimea or the Black Sea port city of
Sevastopol, and to refrain from actions or
dealings that might be interpreted as such."
• Source: 27.03.2014 UN General Assembly
Adopts Resolution 68/262 Calling upon States
Not to Recognize Changes in Status of Crimea
Region

46.
Holodomor 1932-1933
• Holodomor
(extermination by
hunger), an artificial
famine and genocide
of Ukrainian people
• 2.4 - 7.5 million people
died, with total
demographic losses of
10 million Ukrainians

48.
Budapest memorandum, 1994
• Exchange of world’s 3rd largest nuclear arsenal
for guarantees of territorial integrity and
political independence, signed by United
States of America, United Kingdom, and
Russian Federation
• The only country in the world to willingly give
up nuclear weapons in exchange for security
guarantees