Distribution of Flora and Fauna in Soil Microbiology

There are numerous organic and non-organic substances, living and non-living organisms in the soil which help maintain the balance and density of the soil thereby making the soil rich in its components. However it’s not only the soil and animal contents that make the soil rich in nutrients, rather its primarily because of the microbes that are present in the soil and their inter-relationship and the metabolism of these organisms that makes the soil enriched. But from a microbiologist’s point of view, it is one of the most dynamic sites of biological interactions in the nature as most of the biochemical, biological and physical reactions take place.

There are many living and non living organisms like plant and animal matter that breed and grow in the soil. They help in maintaining the balance and density of the soil thereby making the soil rich in its components. It is a known fact that though the soil and animal matter are present only in small fractions they bring richness to the earth. In order to study the importance of these organisms, we must have a thorough understanding of the physiology of the soil. Therfore, in order to have an insight into it, one must have a proper understanding of the following criteria given below.

1. Soil being a living organism/system

2. Soil microbiology and plant microbiology

3. Structure of the Soil

4. Decomposition of organic matter

5. Formation of Humus

6. Cycling of Biogeochemical elements

7. Microorganisms of soil as bioagents

8. Microbes and their seed germination

9. N2 Biological fixation

10. Pesticides

Soil as a living system

Soil inhabits a diverse group of living and non-living organisms, both micro flora like bacteria, fungi, alage and actinomycetes) and micro-fauna (earthworms, moles, protozoans, nematodes). The density of the living organisms in soil is extremely high i.e. as much as billions / gm of soil, usually density of organisms is less in cultivated soil than virgin and uncultivated soil. The top soil is considered to be the healthiest as they contain plenty of oxygen. The lower layers of the soil are not that fertile.

Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry in Perspective

Microscopic and Physiological Methods for Studying the Soil Biota and Their Function

Molecular Methods for Studying Soil Ecology

Fauna: The Engine for Microbial Activity and Transport

The Physiology and Biochemistry of Soil Organisms

Spatial Distribution of Soil Organisms

Soil Biogeochemistry Cycling of Inorganic Nutrients and Metals

The Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter and Nutrient Cycling

Management of Organisms and their Processes in Soils

Carbon Cycling and Formation of Soil Organic Matter

Soil, Ecology, and Biochemistryfor the 21st Century

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