..In conclusion, marmosets showed a different response to regimens of male contraception from macaques or men and have to be considered as a problematic model for preclinical trials of male hormonal contraception...

Norethisterone enanthate has neither a direct effect on the testis nor on the epididymis: a study in adult male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Significance of a common single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 10 of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor gene for the ovarian response to FSH: a pharmacogenetic approach to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation

..To specifically express the Asp567Gly human follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) under the control of its promoter to evaluate the phenotypic consequences in the presence of normal pituitary function...

Elevated follicle-stimulating hormone levels and the chances for azoospermic men to become fathers after retrieval of elongated spermatids from cryopreserved testicular tissue

Michael ZitzmannInstitute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, University of Munster, Munster, GermanyFertil Steril 86:339-47. 2006

..To assess individual chances for a live-born child in azoospermic men by performance of testicular sperm extraction (TESE) followed by intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI)...

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of injectable testosterone undecanoate in castrated cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) are independent of different oil vehicles

..The results suggest that TU in soybean oil produces similar effects as TU in the other vehicles. This study in non-human primates provides no objection to testing of this new preparation in humans...

Clinical consequences of microdeletions of the Y chromosome: the extended Münster experience

..We suggest that the altered endocrine state and/or changes in the dosage of X-linked genes in the XX(Y*) mouse model affect brain function, in particular those regions responsible for cognition and learning behavior...

Depressive symptoms in men aged 50 years and older and their relationship to genetic androgen receptor polymorphism and sex hormone levels in three different samples

..Autologous grafting of nonhuman primate testicular tissues can result in complete spermatogenesis. Our findings indicate that transplantation site and developmental age of the tissue play a role more important than the endocrine milieu...

Prostate volume and growth in testosterone-substituted hypogonadal men are dependent on the CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene: a longitudinal pharmacogenetic study

..The changes in these genes could affect sperm function by modifying the composition of epididymal fluid and explain the infertility of the KO males. These genes may be targets for a posttesticular contraceptive...

..Our results suggest that the so-called aging male symptoms show a certain association to androgenicity, but that they are rather unspecific and of multifactorial origin. Other factors contributing to AMS need further clarification...

Coculture of spermatogonia with somatic cells in a novel three-dimensional soft-agar-culture-system

..We conclude that our enrichment and culture approach is highly useful for exploration of SSC expansion and have found indications that the system supports differentiation up to the level of postmeiotic germ cells...

The presence of germ cells in the semen of azoospermic, cryptozoospermic and severe oligozoospermic patients: stringent flow cytometric analysis and correlations with hormonal status

..These data exclude direct genomic effects of gestagens at the spermatogenic level but indicate that a male contraceptive based on gestagens might have some effects on other tissues, such as the epididymis, prostate and mammary gland...

Differences in serum LH and FSH levels using depot or daily GnRH agonists in controlled ovarian stimulation: influence on ovarian response and outcome of ART

..To study effects of endogenous LH levels on ovarian response and outcome in ART cycles a controlled study was performed with two patient groups differing in the intensity of pituitary downregulation...

..We conclude that overweight reduces the chance of rapid and profound gonadotropin suppression during treatment with TU. Body weight needs to be considered to avoid failure of hormonal male contraception...

Anti-Müllerian hormone in men with normal and reduced sperm concentration and men with maldescended testes

..It is generally accepted that both gonadotropins LH and FSH are necessary for initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis. We investigated the relative importance of FSH for the maintenance of spermatogenesis in hypogonadotropic men...

Association of meiotic arrest with lack of BOULE protein expression in infertile men

..The maintenance of the full complement of epithelia in the murine caput epididymidis in the adult thus requires a combination of luminal fluid from the testis, tissue DHT and the presence of the c-ros oncogene...

Intramuscular testosterone undecanoate and norethisterone enanthate in a clinical trial for male contraception

..Because of its long-lasting, profound suppression of spermatogenesis and the absence of serious side-effects, the combination of TU and NETE can be considered a first choice for further studies of hormonal male contraception...

..This clinical finding demonstrates that, differently from females, in whom a significant correlation between FSHR polymorphism and basal FSH levels was found, the FSHR genotype has no influence on clinical parameters in males...

..FSH is essential for follicular maturation. Data from ovarian hyperstimulation cycles suggest that FSH action is attenuated by a frequent single nucleotide polymorphism of the FSH receptor gene exchanging Asn for Ser at codon 680...

Testosterone-induced prostate growth is blocked by co- and preadministration of norethisterone enanthate in castrated cynomolgus monkeys

..The infertility of c-ros knockout male mice can be explained by the sperm's inability to enter the oviduct, as a result of their bent tails forming the entangled sperm mass and their compromised flagellar vigor within the uterus...

Isoforms and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the FSH receptor gene: implications for human reproduction

..Ovulation never occurred before CPFM peak fertility or the serum LH surge day. CPFM can help women who desire pregnancy to time intercourse. It may also have potential as a diagnostic aid and for monitoring the treatment of infertility...

..Testosterone (T) action is exerted through the androgen receptor (AR). We investigated the potential impact of the CAG repeat (CAGR) polymorphism within the AR gene on BD and bone metabolism in healthy younger males...

..Hence even if offspring of older men have a slightly increased incidence of certain genetic diseases, the individual risk of such a new disease must be considered as extremely small, as the incidence of these diseases is very low...

Testosterone levels in healthy men and the relation to behavioural and physical characteristics: facts and constructs

..In order to assess the possible risk of chromosomal abnormalities in offspring from older fathers, we investigated the effects of age on the frequency of chromosomal aneuploidy rates of human sperm...