Send the Gift of Lifelong Learning!

Italian Renaissance

Gifting Information

Frequently Asked Questions

With an eGift, you can instantly send a Great Course to a friend or loved one via email. It's simple:

Find the course you would like to eGift.

Under “Choose a Format,” click on Video Download or Audio Download.

Click ‘Send e-Gift’

Fill out the details on the next page. You will need the email address of your friend or family member.

Proceed with the checkout process as usual.

Once you have paid for your order, your friend or loved one will receive an email letting them know that they have a gift waiting for them at TheGreatCourses.com. That gift will be added to their My Digital Library when they log in and click to redeem it.

Why do I need to specify the email of the recipient?

We will send that person an email to notify them of your gift.

If they are already a customer, they will be able to add the gift to their My Digital Library and mobile apps.

If they are not yet a customer, we will help them set up a new account so they can enjoy their course in their My Digital Library or via our free mobile apps.

How will my friend or family member know they have a gift?

They will receive an email from The Great Courses notifying them of your eGift. The email will direct them to TheGreatCourses.com.

What if my friend or family member does not receive the email?

If the email notification is missing, first check their Spam folder. Depending on your email provider, it may have mistakenly been flagged as spam. If it is not found, please email customer service at (customerservice@thegreatcourses.com) or call 1-800-832-2412 for assistance.

How will I know they have received my eGift?

When the recipient clicks on their email and redeems their eGift, you will automatically receive an email notification.

I don’t want to send downloads. How do I gift DVDs or CDs?

eGifting only covers digital products. To purchase a DVD or CD version of a course and mail it to a friend, please call customer service at 1-800-832-2412 for assistance.

Oops! The recipient already owns the course I gifted. What now?

Great minds think alike! We can exchange the eGifted course for another course of equal value. Please call customer service at 1-800-832-2412 for assistance.

Can I select a date in the future to send my eGift?

Sorry, this feature is not available yet. We are working on adding it in the future.

What if the email associated with eGift is not for my regular Great Course account?

Please email customer service at (customerservice@thegreatcourses.com) or call our customer service team at 1-800-832-2412 for assistance. They have the ability to update the email address.

When purchasing a gift for someone, why do I have to create an account?

This is done for two reasons. One is so you can track the purchase of the order in your ‘order history’ section as well as being able to let our customer service team track your purchase and the person who received it if the need arises.

Can I return or Exchange a gift after I purchase it?

Because the gift is sent immediately, it cannot be returned or exchanged by the person giving the gift. The recipient can exchange the gift for another course of equal or lesser value, or pay the difference on a more expensive item

Frequently Asked Questions

With an eGift, you can instantly send a Great Course to a friend or loved one via email. It's simple:
1. Find the course you would like to eGift.
2. Under "Choose a Format", click on Video Download or Audio Download.
3. Click 'Send e-Gift'
4. Fill out the details on the next page. You will need to the email address of your friend or family member.
5. Proceed with the checkout process as usual.

Q: Why do I need to specify the email of the recipient?

A:
We will send that person an email to notify them of your gift. If they are already a customer, they will be able to add the gift to their My Digital Library and mobile apps. If they are not yet a customer, we will help them set up a new account so they can enjoy their course in their My Digital Library or via our free mobile apps.

Q: How will my friend or family member know they have a gift?

A:
They will receive an email from The Great Courses notifying them of your eGift. The email will direct them to TheGreatCourses.com. If they are already a customer, they will be able to add the gift to their My Digital Library and mobile apps. If they are not yet a customer, we will help them set up a new account so they can enjoy their course in their My Digital Library or via our free mobile apps.

Q: What if my friend or family member does not receive the email?

A:
If the email notification is missing, first check your Spam folder. Depending on your email provider, it may have mistakenly been flagged as spam. If it is not found, please email customer service at (customerservice@thegreatcourses.com) or call 1-800-832-2412 for assistance.

Q: How will I know they have received my eGift?

A:
When the recipient clicks on their email and redeems their eGift, you will automatically receive an email notification.

Q: What if I do not receive the notification that the eGift has been redeemed?

A:
If the email notification is missing, first check your Spam folder. Depending on your email provider, it may have mistakenly been flagged as spam. If it is not found, please email customer service at (customerservice@thegreatcourses.com) or call customer service at 1-800-832-2412 for assistance.

Q: I don't want to send downloads. How do I gift DVDs or CDs?

A:
eGifting only covers digital products. To purchase a DVD or CD version of a course and mail it to a friend, please call customer service at 1-800-832-2412 for assistance.

Q: Oops! The recipient already owns the course I gifted. What now?

A:
Great minds think alike! We can exchange the eGifted course for another course of equal value. Please call customer service at 1-800-832-2412 for assistance.

Q: Can I update or change my email address?

A:
Yes, you can. Go to My Account to change your email address.

Q: Can I select a date in the future to send my eGift?

A:
Sorry, this feature is not available yet. We are working on adding it in the future.

Q: What if the email associated with eGift is not for my regular Great Course account?

A:
Please please email customer service at (customerservice@thegreatcourses.com) or call our customer service team at 1-800-832-2412 for assistance. They have the ability to update the email address so you can put in your correct account.

Q: When purchasing a gift for someone, why do I have to create an account?

A:
This is done for two reasons. One is so you can track the purchase of the order in your ‘order history’ section as well as being able to let our customer service team track your purchase and the person who received it if the need arises.

Q: Can I return or Exchange a gift after I purchase it?

A:
Because the gift is sent immediately, it cannot be returned or exchanged by the person giving the gift. The recipient can exchange the gift for another course of equal or lesser value, or pay the difference on a more expensive item

What are priority codes?

Priority Codes are on the back of the catalog, mail promotion, or within an advertisement. To ensure that the pricing on the website is the same as what is in your catalog or advertisement, please enter the priority code provided.

What are priority codes?

Priority Codes are on the back of the catalog, mail promotion, or within an advertisement. To ensure that the pricing on the website is the same as what is in your catalog or advertisement, please enter the priority code provided.

Terms and Conditions

Acceptance of Terms and Conditions

Welcome to The Great Courses. The following Terms and Conditions, which include our Privacy Policy, apply when you view or use the web site
www.thegreatcourses.com and all websites associated with the thegreatcourses.com domain (our “Site”), whether as a guest or as a registered user. These
Terms and Conditions also govern the supply of any of the products listed on our Site to you, including all features and functionalities, instant
streaming, our website and user interfaces, and all content associated therewith (the “Products and Services”). By using, visiting, or browsing the Site,
or by ordering any of our Products and Services, you accept and agree to be bound by these Terms and Conditions.

Changes to Terms and Conditions

The Teaching Company, LLC (the “Company” or “we”) reserves the right, from time to time, with or without notice to you, to change these Terms and
Conditions, including the Privacy Policy, in our sole and absolute discretion. It is your sole responsibility to check the Site from time to time to view
any such changes to these Terms. You will be deemed to have accepted such changes by continuing to use the Site. The most current version of these Terms
and Conditions can be reviewed by visiting our website and clicking on “Terms and Conditions” located at the bottom of the pages of the Site. The most
current version of the Terms and Conditions will supersede all previous versions.

Information about Us

Our Site is a web site operated by The Teaching Company, LLC, 4840 Westfields Blvd., Suite 500, Chantilly, VA 20151-2299 (under the trading name of The
Great Courses). If you would like information on how to contact us, click Contact Us.

Accessing Our Site

Access to our Site is permitted on a temporary basis, and we reserve the right to withdraw or amend the service we provide on our Site without notice. We
will not be liable if for any reason our Site is unavailable at any time or for any period. From time to time, we may restrict access to some parts of our
Site, or our entire Site. We have the right to terminate your access to the Site if we determine that you have failed to comply with any of the provisions
of these Terms and Conditions. You are solely responsible for keeping confidential any password you may be granted to access our Site. We advise you not to
share your password, payment methods or any other information associated with our Site or your account with anyone.

Use of Our Site

By accessing our Site you agree to use our Site, including all features and functionalities associated therewith and all content and software associated
therewith, in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations, including public performance limitations or other restrictions on use of the
service or content therein. In addition, the following restrictions apply to your use of our Site:

(a) You shall not to upload, post, e-mail or otherwise send or transmit any material that contains software viruses or any other computer code, files or
programs designed to interrupt, destroy or limit the functionality of any computer software or hardware or telecommunications equipment associated with our
Site;

(b) You shall not to interfere with the servers or networks connected to any portions of our Site or to violate any of the procedures, policies or
regulations of networks connected to our Site;

(c) You shall not to impersonate any other person while using our Site, conduct yourself in a vulgar or offensive manner while using our Site, or use our
Site for any unlawful purpose;

(d) You shall not attempt to gain unauthorized access to our Site, the server on which our Site is stored or any server, computer, or database connected to
our Site;

(e) You shall not use our Site in any way that is unlawful or fraudulent, or has any unlawful or fraudulent purpose or effect;

(f) You shall not use our Site to send, knowingly receive, upload, download, use or reuse any material which does not comply with all relevant provisions
of these Terms and Conditions;

(g) You shall not use our Site to transmit, or procure the sending of, any unsolicited or unauthorized advertising or promotional material or any other
form of similar solicitation (spam); or

(h) You shall not use our Site to knowingly transmit any data; send or upload any material that contains viruses, Trojan horses, worms, time-bombs,
keystroke loggers, spyware, adware, or any other malicious or harmful programs or similar computer code designed to attack our Site (via a
denial-of-service attack or a distributed denial-of service attack); or otherwise adversely affect the operation of any computer software or hardware.

Use of Our Streaming Service

We provide streaming Products and Services and non-streaming digital downloads over the internet to certain devices (streaming and non-streaming digital
downloads are hereinafter collectively referred to as “Streaming Service”). Currently, Streaming Service is only available on computers and certain iPadÂ®
devices. We reserve the right in our sole and absolute discretion to make changes from time to time and without notice in how we operate Streaming Service.
Any description of how Streaming Service works should not be considered a representation or obligation with respect to how the service will always work. We
are constantly making adjustments to Streaming Service and often these adjustments are not completely captured within these Terms and Conditions.

(a) Availability of Streaming Service:

The availability of Streaming Service will change from time to time, and from country to country. The quality of Streaming Services may vary from computer
to computer, and device to device, and may be affected by a variety of factors, such as your location, the bandwidth available through and/or speed of your
internet connection. We will stream a small amount of data to your device as a buffer each time you start Streaming Service. Frequently starting and
stopping Streaming Service will result in a minor increase to the amount of data the Company streams to you per hour. You are responsible for ensuring that
you have internet access and for all internet access charges. Please check with your internet provider for information on possible Internet data usage
charges. The Company makes no representations or warranties about the quality of Streaming Service.

Streaming Service may be unavailable to you from time to time in connection with maintenance or for other technical or non-technical reasons, and, as a
result, without prior notice to you, some or all Products or Services ordinarily available via Streaming Service may cease to be available.

(b) Initiation of Streaming Service:

The amount of time it takes to initiate Streaming Service on a device will vary based on a number of factors, including your location, available bandwidth
at the time, the particular Product or Service you have selected and the configuration of your device. In addition, you must be connected to the internet
throughout the period in which you are accessing Streaming Service.

(c) Geographic Limitations:

You may access Streaming Service only in geographic locations where we offer Streaming Service. In addition, the content that may be available to watch may
vary by geographic location.

(d) Software for Accessing Streaming Service:

Streaming service software is licensed to the company and is designed to enable streaming of content from the company to certain devices. This software is
licensed to you by the company pursuant to these terms and conditions and solely for the purpose of using streaming service and for no other purpose
whatsoever. We do not warrant the performance of this software, including its continuing compatibility with our service. You may not copy or reproduce the
software nor may you decompile, reverse engineer, disassemble, modify or creative derivative works of any of the software, or any portion thereof. Any
unauthorized use of the software is strictly prohibited and the company reserves the right to not provide the

By using streaming service, you acknowledge and agree to receive, without further notice or prompting, updated versions of the software related to the
streaming service. If you do not accept the foregoing terms, do not use the streaming service. We do not warrant that any of the software used and or
licensed in connection with streaming service will be compatible with other third party software nor do we warrant that operation of streaming service and
the associated software will not damage or disrupt other software or hardware. In addition, we do not take responsibility or otherwise warrant the
performance of devices used in connection with streaming service, including the continuing compatibility of the device with our service. By using streaming
service, you agree to look solely to the entity that manufactured and/or sold you the device for any issues related to the device and its compatibility
with streaming service. Any issues related to streaming service, including any system requirements, are covered and limited by these terms and conditions.

User Created Content

We permit you to post or send to us comments, information, ideas, concepts, reviews, or techniques and other material relating to Products and Services
(each a “Response”).

(a) Restrictions on Response Content

You are not permitted to post Responses that contain: harsh, profane or discriminatory language; illegal, obscene, threatening, defamatory or otherwise
objectionable content; URLs, phone numbers, mailing or e-mail addresses, other personal information; misleading information regarding the origin of the
Response; or a discussion of the Company’s policies or services. We do not regularly review the Responses posted on our Site; however, we reserve the right
to reject, remove or edit any such Responses at any time without notice to you. You understand and agree that we may, but are not obligated to, review
Responses and may delete or remove them (without notice to you) in our sole and absolute discretion, for any reason or no reason. In addition, we may use
Responses for the purposes set forth under the “Use of Responses: License Grant” section below.

(b) Use of Responses: License Grant

The Company is free to use any comments, information, ideas, concepts, reviews, or techniques or any other material contained in any communication you may
send to us (each a “Response”), without further compensation, acknowledgement or payment to you for any purpose whatsoever including, but not limited to,
developing, manufacturing and marketing products and creating, modifying or improving the Site or the Products and Services. Furthermore, by posting any
Response on our site, submitting a Response to us, or in responding to questionnaires, you grant us a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free
irrevocable license, including the right to sublicense such right, and right to display, use, reproduce or modify the Response submitted in any media,
software or technology of any kind now existing or developed in the future.

By submitting a response, you understand and agree that you are consenting to the release of all information provided in your response, including your
rating of a product or service, to a public forum, including other users of our site. If you do not want your responses to be shared in a public forum, do
not use the response feature on our site.

Privacy

Please review our Privacy Policy, which also governs your visit to, and any orders from, our Site, to understand our practices in relation to any personal
information you provide.

Consent to Cross-border Transfers

You acknowledge that the data collected via our Site will be stored in servers located within the United States. Further, you acknowledge that your
personal information may, at times, be accessible by individuals may be located worldwide including in countries that may have not been determined to
provide the same level of data protection as in your country. By providing us with your personal information, you agree and consent to our use of such data
and/or personal information in accordance with our Site privacy policy, including, without limitation, the transfer of your personal information across
international boundaries.

Linking to and Links from Our Site

Where our Site contains links to other web sites and resources provided by third parties, these links are provided for your information only. We have not
reviewed the content of those web sites and have no control over the content of those web sites or resources, and accept no responsibility for them or for
any loss or damage that may arise from your use of them. We are not responsible for and do not endorse or warrant any materials, information, goods or
services available through any linked websites. These third party web sites have separate and independent privacy statements, notices and terms of use,
which we recommend you read carefully. By ordering any of our Products and Services, you also acknowledge you have read, accept and agree to be bound by the End User License Agreement of our third party provider mPortal, Inc. at www.mportal.com/eula/.

Grant of Limited License to Use the Products and Services

Unless otherwise specified, the Products and Services, including any content viewed through our Streaming Service, are for your personal and non-commercial
use only and we grant you a limited, non-exclusive, non-transferable, license for that purpose. Except for the foregoing limited license, no right, title
or interest shall be transferred to you. You may not download (other than through page caching necessary for personal use, or as otherwise expressly
permitted by these Terms of Use), modify, copy, distribute, transmit, display, perform, reproduce, duplicate, publish, license, create derivative works
from, or offer for sale any information contained on, or obtained from or through, the our Site, without our express written consent. You may not
circumvent, remove, alter, deactivate, degrade or thwart any of the content protections on our Products and Services. Any unauthorized use of the Streaming
Service or its contents will terminate the limited license granted by us and will result in the cancellation of your membership.

Ordering Products or Services

(a) Restrictions on Purchases of Products and Services

(i) Restrictions on Geographic Availability

Some restrictions are placed on the extent to which we accept orders for Products or Services from specific countries. These restrictions can be found on
our Frequently Asked Questions page of our Site. Please review our Frequently Asked Questions pages on our Site, as relevant, before ordering Products and
Services from us.

(ii) Restrictions on Age of Purchaser

You must be 18 years of age or older to place an order on our Site. In certain jurisdictions, the age of majority may be older than 18, in which case you
must satisfy that age in order to become a member. Individuals under the age of 18 may only place an order on our Site with the involvement of a parent or
legal guardian, under such person’s account and otherwise subject to these Terms of Use.

(b) Product Orders for Shipment

When you place an order to purchase a Product from our Site, we will send you a confirmatory email that will contain details of the Product(s) you have
ordered along with any delivery charges.

You must check that the details in the confirmatory email are correct as soon as possible and should print out and keep a copy of it for your records.

Your order will represent an offer to us to purchase the relevant Product(s) which will be accepted by us when we dispatch the Product(s) ordered from our
headquarters in Virginia, USA, to you.

We will confirm that the Product(s) (other than downloads and Streaming Service) have been dispatched to you by sending you an e-mail confirmation (a
“Shipping Confirmation”). This Shipping Confirmation will be evidence that we dispatched the Product(s) to you, and that the contract between us (the
“Contract”) has been formed. The Contract shall be deemed to include these Terms and Conditions.

In the event that we are unable to fulfill your total order in one shipment (for example if one of the Products you have ordered are out of stock), any
Product(s) on the same order which we have not confirmed in the Shipping Confirmation to have been dispatched will not form part of that Contract. We will
not be obliged to supply any such Product(s) which may have been part of your order until the dispatch of such Product(s) has been confirmed in a separate
Shipping Confirmation.

(c) Orders for Digital Download or Streaming Service

When you place an order to purchase any downloadable Products or Services, we will send you a confirmatory email that will contain details of what you have
ordered, any delivery charges, as well as details regarding how you can download them. When you are purchasing a downloadable or streaming Product or
Service, the Contract between us relating to such downloads or streaming Products or Services will only be formed once we make those Products and Services
available for you to download from our servers.

(d) Import Duty

Orders may be subject to import duties and taxes which are levied when the delivery reaches the specified destination. You will be responsible for payment
of any such import duties and taxes. Please note that we have no control over these charges and cannot predict their amount. Please contact your local
customs office for further information before placing your order, and please refer to the Frequently Asked Questions Page of our Site for further
information.

Please also note that it is your responsibility to understand and comply with all applicable laws and regulations of the country for which the products are
destined. We will not be liable for any breach by you of any such laws.

(e) Risk and Title

The risk of loss or damage to Product(s) passes to you on delivery of the Product(s).
Ownership of the Product(s) will only pass to you when we receive full payment of all sums due in respect of the Product(s), including postage and packing
charges.

(f) Pricing

The price of any Product(s) will be as quoted on our Site from time to time, except in cases of obvious error. Prices are liable to change at any time, but
changes will not affect orders for which we have already sent you a Shipping Confirmation (or confirmation email in relation to downloads).

Our Site contains a large number of Products and Services and it is always possible that, despite our best efforts, some of the Products and Services
listed on our Site may be incorrectly priced. We will normally verify prices as part of our dispatch and distribution procedures so that, where a Product’s
or Service’s correct price is less than our stated price, we will charge the lower amount when dispatching or distributing such Product or Service to you.
If a Product’s correct price is higher than the price stated on our Site, we will normally, at our discretion, either contact you for instructions before
dispatching the Product, or reject your order and notify you of such rejection. In such circumstances, we are under no obligation to provide the Product or
Service to you at the incorrect (lower) price, even after we have sent you a Shipping Confirmation, if the pricing error is obvious and unmistakable and
could have reasonably been recognized by you as incorrect pricing.

(g) Payment

Payment for all Products and Services must be by credit or debit card. We accept payment with American Express, Visa, MasterCard and Discover. We will not
charge your credit or debit card until we dispatch your order.

Intellectual Property

Trademarks.

The trademarks, trade names, trade dress, logos, and service marks (collectively, the "Trademarks") displayed on this Site are the registered and/or
unregistered Trademarks of Company, or such third party that may own the displayed Trademarks. Nothing contained on this Site or in the Terms serves to
grant to you, by implication or otherwise, any license or right to use any Trademarks displayed on this Site without the written permission of Company or
such third party that may own the displayed Trademarks.

Site Contents and Copyright.

The text, Trademarks, logos, images, graphics, photos, video files, application functionality, or any other digital media, the Products Services available
through our Site and their arrangement on this Site (“Company Intellectual Property”) are all subject to patent, copyright, trademark and other
intellectual property protection. Company Intellectual Property may not be copied for commercial use or distribution, nor may Company Intellectual Property
be modified, processed, or reposted to other websites for commercial purposes without our written permission. Access is granted to this Site solely for
your use of Company services for personal entertainment, information, education and communication with Company. You may download copy or print the content
of this Site for your personal non-commercial use only. No right, title or interest in any of the Content of this Site is transferred to you as a result of
any downloading, copying, printing or use of this Site. All such rights in Company Intellectual Property not expressly granted in by the Company are
reserved. You are not permitted to modify the paper or digital copies of Company Intellectual Property, or to use any illustrations, photographs, video or
audio sequences or any graphics separately from any accompanying text.

Our status (and that of any identified contributors) as the authors of material on our Site must always be acknowledged.

If you print off, copy, download or otherwise use any part of our Site or our Products or Services in breach of these terms of use, your right to use our
Site and such Products and Services will cease immediately and you must, at our option, return or destroy any copies of the materials you have made.

The Great Courses Products and Services are provided for your personal use only. You agree not to resell, copy, or redistribute The Great Courses’
materials, nor may you use it for any commercial purpose.

If you order downloadable or streaming Products or Services, you agree that The Great Courses’ encrypted watermarks are reasonable means to detect
misappropriation of its course materials which are protected by copyright and trademark law. You agree that removal of such watermarks would violate the
terms of this contract.

Copyrights and Digital Millennium Copyright Agents.

Pursuant to our rights under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (“DMCA”), 17 U.S.C. §512, we have designated a copyright agent to receive copyright
infringement notices for claims of infringement related to materials found on this Site. Our copyright agent is ____CA Inquiries__________. The agent can
be reached at: 4840 Westfields Blvd. Suite #500, Chantilly, Va. 20151 or via email at customerservice@greatcourses.com,

DMCA Infringement Notification.

To be effective, your infringement notification must include the following:

1. A physical or electronic signature of a person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed;

2. Identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed, or, if multiple copyrighted works at a single online site are covered by a single
notification, a representative list of such works at that site;

3. Identification of the material or content that is claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity and that is to be removed or have
access disabled, and information reasonably sufficient to permit us to locate the material;

4. Information reasonably sufficient to permit us to contact the complaining party, including address, telephone number and email address where the
complaining party may be contacted;

5. The following statement: “I have a good faith belief that use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its
agent, or the law”; and

6. The following statement: “The information in this notification is accurate, and under penalty of perjury, I swear that I am the copyright owner or that
I am authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.”

Upon receipt of the written notification containing the information as outlined in 1 through 6 above:

1. We will remove or disable access to the content that is alleged to be infringing;

2. We will forward the written notification to the alleged infringer; and

3. We will take reasonable steps to promptly notify the alleged infringer that we have removed or disabled access to the content.

DMCA Infringement Counter Notification

Pursuant to the DMCA, after the alleged infringer receives a notice of infringement from Company, the alleged infringer will have the opportunity to
respond to Company with a counter notification (“Counter Notification”). To be effective, a Counter Notification must be a written communication provided
to Company’s designated copyright agent, and must include the following:

1. A physical or electronic signature of the subscriber;

2. Identification of the material that has been removed or to which access has been disabled and the location at which the material appeared before it was
removed or access disabled;

3. The following statement: “I swear under penalty of perjury that it is my good faith belief that the material identified above was removed or disabled as
a result of mistake or misidentification of the material to be removed or disabled;” and

4. The subscriber’s name, address, and telephone number, and a statement that the subscriber consents to the jurisdiction of the federal district court for
the judicial district in which the subscriber’s address is located, or if the subscriber’s address is outside of the United States, or any judicial
district in which Company may be found, and that the subscriber will accept service of process from the person who provided notification or an agent of
such person.

Upon the copyright agent’s receipt of a Counter Notification containing the information as outlined in 1 through 4 above, the DMCA provides that the
removed material will be restored or access re-enabled and we will comply with this requirement as required by law, provided that the designated agent has
not received notice from the original complaining party that an action has been filed seeking a court order to restrain the subscriber from engaging in
infringing activity relating to the material on our network.

Our Liability

Commentary, testimonials, reviews, and other materials posted on our Site along with the Products and Services themselves are not intended to amount to
advice on which reliance should be placed. We therefore disclaim all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on such materials by any
visitor to our Site, or by anyone who may be informed of any of its contents. Any of the material on our Site may be out of date at any given time, and we
are under no obligation to update such material.

Our liability for losses you suffer as a result of us breaching this agreement, including deliberate breaches, is strictly limited to the purchase price of
the Product you purchased.

(a) Disclaimers of Warranties and Limitations on Liability

THIS SITE USES COOKIES AND MAY ALSO USE THE SERVICES OF THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS THAT DEPLOY COOKIES IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR SERVICES. BY USING THE SITE, YOU
CONSENT TO THE PLACEMENT OF COOKIES ON ANY DEVICE USED TO ACCESS OUR SITE(S). EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED ON OUR SITE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE PROVIDED
“AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” WITH ALL FAULTS AND WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. WE AND OUR LICENSORS MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WITH
RESPECT TO THE STREAMING SERVICE, OUR SITE, AND ALL AND SOFTWARE ASSOCIATED THEREWITH. THE COMPANY DOES NOT GUARANTEE, REPRESENT, OR WARRANT THAT YOUR USE
OF STREAMING SERVICE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERROR-FREE, AND YOU AGREE THAT THE COMPANY MAY ELIMINATE OR OTHERWISE MODIFY ANY OR ALL ASPECTS OF STREAMING
SERVICE, INCLUDING FEATURES, WITHOUT COMPENSATION OR NOTICE TO YOU. THE COMPANY SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS LIABILITY FOR THE USE OF DEVICES IN CONNECTION WITH
STREAMING SERVICE (INCLUDING THEIR CONTINUING COMPATIBILITY WITH STREAMING SERVICE). WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, WE AND OUR LICENSORS ASSUME NO
LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: (I) ANY FAILURE OR INTERRUPTION IN THE AVAILABILITY OF STREAMING SERVICE, (II) DELIVERY AND OR
DISPLAY OF ANY CONTENT CONTAINED ON OUR SITE OR OTHERWISE THROUGH STREAMING SERVICE; AND (III) ANY LOSSES OR DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF THE PRODUCTS
OR SERVICES PROVIDED ON OUR SITE OR OTHERWISE THROUGH STREAMING SERVICE, INCLUDING ANY LOSSES OR DAMAGES ARISING FROM DOWNLOADING OF RELATED SOFTWARE,
DOWNLOADING AND/OR USE OF ANY OTHER SOFTWARE. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE PROVIDED ON OUR SITE, TO THE EXTENT ALLOWABLE BY LAW, WE AND OUR LICENSORS DISCLAIM ALL
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, FOR EXAMPLE, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND
NON-INFRINGEMENT. WE DO NOT REPRESENT OR GUARANTEE THAT YOUR USE OF THE STREAMING SERVICE WILL BE FREE FROM INTERRUPTION, LOSS, CORRUPTION, ATTACK,
VIRUSES, INTERFERENCE, HACKING, OR OTHER SECURITY INTRUSION AND WE DISCLAIM ANY LIABILITY WITH RESPECT THERETO. NO ORAL OR WRITTEN INFORMATION OR ADVICE
GIVEN BY THE COMPANY OR AN AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE OF THE COMPANY SHALL CREATE A WARRANTY OR OTHERWISE CONSTITUTE A REPRESENTATION BINDING UPON THE
COMPANY.

IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COMPANY, OR ITS SUBSIDIARIES OR ANY OF THEIR SHAREHOLDERS, DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES OR LICENSORS BE LIABLE (JOINTLY OR
SEVERALLY) TO YOU FOR PERSONAL INJURY OR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS, WHETHER OR NOT ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGE, AND ON
ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, OUR SITE, AND ALL CONTENTS AND SOFTWARE
ASSOCIATED THEREWITH. IN NO EVENT SHALL OUR TOTAL LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ALL DAMAGES FOR LOSSES ARISING FROM THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCTS OR
SERVICES, OUR SITE, AND ALL CONTENTS AND SOFTWARE ASSOCIATED THEREWITH EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE RELEVANT PRODUCT OR SERVICE. IN THE EVENT THAT A
CLAIM DOES NOT RELATE TO A PRODUCT OR SERVICE, OUR TOTAL LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY RELATED DAMAGES SHALL BE LIMITED TO ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS ($100.00). THE
FOREGOING LIMITATIONS WILL APPLY EVEN IF THE ABOVE STATED REMEDY FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. IF ANY APPLICABLE AUTHORITY HOLDS ANY PORTION OF THIS
SECTION OR OTHER SECTIONS OF THESE TERMS OF USE, INCLUDING ANY PORTION OF THE PRIVACY POLICY, TO BE UNENFORCEABLE, THEN THOSE PORTIONS DEEMED UNENFORCEABLE
SHALL BE SEVERED AND THE TERMS OF USE SHALL BE ENFORCED ABSENT THOSE PROVISIONS AND ANY LIABILITY TO THE COMPANY WILL BE LIMITED TO THE FULLEST POSSIBLE
EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.

BECAUSE SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, COMPANY’S, ITS AFFILIATES’, AGENTS’, LICENSORS’
AND SUPPLIERS’ DAMAGES IN SUCH JURISDICTIONS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW.

(b) Indemnity

You agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Company, any parent corporation, its affiliates, and its and their officers, directors, employees and
agents, from and against any and all claims, damages, obligations, losses, liabilities, costs or debt, and expenses (including but not limited to
reasonable attorney's fees) arising from: (i) your use of and access to the Site; (ii) your violation of any term of these Terms of Service; (iii) your
violation of any third party right, including without limitation any copyright, property, or privacy right; or (iv) any claim that any Response submitted
by you causes damage to a third party. This defense and indemnification obligation will survive these Terms and Conditions and your use of the Site.

Transfer of Rights and Obligations

These Terms and Conditions and any Contract between you and us is binding on you and us and on our respective successors and assigns.

You may not transfer, assign, change, or otherwise dispose of these Terms and Conditions or a Contract, or any of your rights or obligations arising under
them, without our prior written consent. We may transfer, assign, charge, sub-contract or otherwise dispose of these Terms and Conditions or a Contract, or
any of our rights or obligations arising under them, at any time.

Waiver

If we fail, at any time during the term of a Contract, to insist upon strict performance of any of your obligations under the Contract or any of these
Terms and Conditions, or if we fail to exercise any of the rights or remedies to which we are entitled under the Contract or these Terms and Conditions,
this shall not constitute a waiver of such rights or remedies and shall not relieve you from compliance with such obligations. A waiver by us of any
default shall not constitute a waiver of any subsequent default.

No waiver by us of any of these Terms and Conditions shall be effective unless it is expressly stated to be a waiver and is communicated to you in writing.

Severability

If any of these Terms and Conditions or any provisions of a Contract are determined by any competent authority to be invalid, unlawful, or unenforceable to
any extent, such term, condition, or provision will to that extent be severed from the remaining terms, conditions, and provisions which will continue to
be valid to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Notice and Consent to Electronic Communications.

When you visit this Site or send e-mails to us, you are communicating with us electronically. By using this Site, you consent to receive communications
from us electronically, including, without limitation, e-mail and text messages. We will communicate with you by e-mail, text messaging or by posting
notices to your account on this Site. You agree that all agreements, notices, disclosures and other communications that we provide to you electronically
satisfy any legal requirement for enforceability purposes, including the enforcement of electronic signatures.

Law and Jurisdiction

Contracts for the purchase of Products and Services through our Site and any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with them or their subject
matter or formation (including non-contractual disputes or claims) will be governed by governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the state
of New York, without regard to conflict of laws provisions. and shall be subject to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of New York, New York.

Entire Agreement

These Terms and Conditions and any document expressly referred to in them represent the entire agreement between us in relation to the subject matter of
any Contract and supersede any prior agreement, understanding, or arrangement between us, whether oral or in writing.

We each acknowledge that, in entering into a Contract, neither of us has relied on any representation, undertaking, or promise given by the other or be
implied from anything said or written in negotiations between us prior to such Contract except as expressly stated in these Terms and Conditions.

Neither of us shall have any remedy in respect of any untrue statement made by the other, whether orally or in writing, prior to the date of any Contract
(unless such untrue statement was made fraudulently) and the other party's only remedy shall be for breach of contract as provided in these Terms

Protecting your privacy

The Great Courses Privacy Policy Effective Date:

July 15, 2014

Welcome to thegreatcourses.com (“The Great Courses”) Website (“Website”). The Great Courses, its subsidiaries and affiliates, or other members of our
family of companies value your participation and loyalty. We are committed to the protection of member and community privacy. The Great Courses has created
this Privacy Policy in order to demonstrate its commitment to the privacy and protection of your personal information. To better protect your privacy, The
Great Courses provides this notice explaining our information practices and the choices you can make about the way your information is collected and used.

Information about Us

Our Website is operated by The Teaching Company, LLC, 4840 Westfields Blvd., Suite 500, Chantilly, VA 20151-2299 (under the trading name of The Great
Courses). If you would like information on how to contact us, click Contact Us.

1. What Information Is Collected

The following are the types of information we may collect:

The Great Courses may collect personal information like name, telephone number, email address, date of birth, home or business mailing address, and details
regarding your mode of payment, e.g., credit/debit card or account information, when you access certain areas of the Website that require
registration or payment for products and services, or if you require more information about those services.

Non-Personal Information

At other times, The Great Courses may collect information that cannot be used to directly identify you, such as browser type, Dynamic Internet Protocol
(IP) address, “click stream” data, and similar non-personally identifiable information. For example, we may aggregate non-personal information about you
and other customers who visit certain areas of our Website. Aggregated information will not contain any information that can be linked directly back to
you.

While we take all reasonable steps to protect the privacy of our Website visitors, we cannot promise that the current limitations of our online
applications programming will address every browser setting or honor every personal browser preference. In particular, we have not implemented the
necessary program changes to honor “Do Not Track” or “DNT” browser signals. As our online applications programming is refined, we will take all reasonable
steps to honor such requests in the future. Please return to this Privacy Policy for further updates on this topic.

Further, our online service providers or business partners may implement technologies that allow for the collection of personally identifiable information
over time and across Websites. We recommend that you review each privacy policy posted on the Websites that you visit to better understand privacy
practices on those Websites.

Electronic Communications

When you open emails from us or engage in SMS or MMS communications, we may log and store such information. We may also keep records of various
communications regarding the types of products and services that you indicate are of interest to you via your response to email and text messaging. You
will always have the option to opt-out of such communications by clicking an “unsubscribe” link or replying “STOP” to our text messages.

2. How Do We Collect Information

We may collect information from you in several different areas on the Website, including, without limitation, those described below:

Registration

You may be asked to complete a registration form and provide personally identifiable information; you may also be asked to choose a user ID and password in
order to take advantage of certain features on the Website or digital messaging services, such as newsletters or contests. Your decision to register is
voluntary and you will have the opportunity to decide whether or not to disclose information to us and what communications you would like to receive;
however, please be advised that many products and services available on the Website require registration and if you elect not to provide such information,
you will not be able to take advantage of those products and services.

Contests or Sweepstakes

We periodically operate contests and sweepstakes through the Website and messaging services that will require registration or the submission of personal
information. Your personally identifiable information may be used to contact you for winner notification, prize delivery confirmation or other related
purposes (see the rules of each contest for details about how your personal information will be used, including postings to the Website).

Surveys and Games

From time-to-time we may request personally identifiable information from you in conjunction with a survey or games, such as quizzes. Participation is
voluntary, and you will have the opportunity to decide whether or not to disclose information to the Website. At times, you may have to register to vote or
to take part in a survey. When you register to play games on our Website, you may be asked to provide personally identifiable information.

Cookies and Tracking Technology

We may use any number of tools to collect information about you, your computer access points, and the web browser that you use to connect to our Website.
For example, “cookies” are tiny text files that we place on your computer’s hard drive when you visit our Website. We may use cookies to personalize your
Website experience. You do not have to accept our cookies and you may delete them after they have been placed on your hard drive. If you do not accept or
delete our cookies, some areas of our Website that you access may take more time to work, or may not function properly. For more information about cookies,
visit: http://www.allaboutcookies.org.

The Great Courses may also collect additional information from your web browser each time you visit our Website. We may collect information on the pages
that you visit, the promotions or advertisements that you click on, and other actions that you take while using our Website. This information may include
your IP address, the type of browser, the time that your browser was used to access our Website, and the referring Website address.

Our Internet Service Providers (defined below) may also use other standard web-based technologies to analyze your movements while accessing our Website.
The technologies include analytic solutions, web “beacons,” “pixel tags,” and “clear gifs.” These technologies help us ascertain the effectiveness of our
product and service campaigns and marketing programs, allow us to customize the services offered on or through our Website, and help determine the best use
for Website content, and product and service offerings. Some of this information, including the IP address, may be stored on our Internet service
provider’s server logs, and may be available for extended periods of time.

Transaction Information

If you conduct a financial or other transaction with the Website, such as subscribe to a Subscription Product or other products/services offered on the
Website, we will ask you to complete an order form that will request certain information from you, including contact information, demographic information
and/or financial information. Even though the collection form may have the look and feel of thegreatcourses.com, please be aware you may be giving your
information directly to the third party Internet Service Provider, and that in some instances such third party Internet Service Provider's Privacy Policy
will govern the collection of your personal information. Please reference the privacy policies available from these pages for any privacy related concerns.

We and/or our Internet Service Providers will use this information to complete the financial or other transaction that you have requested, i.e.,
to deliver the information, products or other services that you request or purchase, to invoice you, and in a manner consistent with this Privacy Policy.
For your protection, financial information is collected and stored through encrypted means.

We use your personal information to send you order confirmations. In such cases, you should receive via e-mail an order confirmation within moments of
placing your order. Designed to supplement your learning experience, you will receive course starter materials for every course you purchase. These
materials include the professor's summary of the course, links to recommended websites, and recommended readings. Occasionally, you will receive
interesting and compelling articles of interest on the subjects covered by our courses. From time-to-time you may receive e-mail surveys to vote for The
Great Courses you want us to make, to rate the quality of The Great Courses you have purchased, to tell us what improvements to make to The Great Courses
and our services, and to tell us which professors we should choose to make the next Great Course. We may also use your personal information to notify you
of special offers. You will receive e-mails notifying you when courses featured in our print catalogs and newsletters go on sale. These e-mails also make
ordering extremely simple—if you see courses that interest you, simply click on the links in the e-mail to find out more.

We may also use your IP address to help protect us and our Internet Service Providers from fraud. Additional uses of your non-personal and personal
information will allow us to tailor products and services specific to your needs, to help organize and manage your customer relationship and our business,
to conduct business, to provide you with customer and member support, to perform functions that are described to you at the time of collection, and to
enforce our Website’s Terms and Conditions of Use.

We may also use non-personal aggregate information to improve our Website. For example, our Internet Service Providers may report to us that there were a
particular number of visitors to a certain area of our Website, or that a certain number of men or a certain number of women completed our registration
form in particular areas of our Website. Such information may also be used to analyze the effectiveness of our business and advertising models.

4. Shared Information

We may share your personal information with the Internet Service Providers as appropriate. For personal information collected after the effective date of
this Privacy Policy, we may also share personally identifiable information with outside, non-affiliated third parties that offer products and services that
are complementary to our product lines. However, such collection and use of personal information will not be retroactively applied to personal information
collected before the effective date of this Privacy Policy, without your consent. We may also disclose your personal information as is necessary to: (a)
comply with a subpoena or court order; (b) cooperate with law enforcement or other government agency; (c) establish or exercise our legal rights; (d)
protect the property or safety of our company and employees, contractors, vendors, and suppliers; (e) defend against legal claims; (f) help with internal
and external investigations; or (g) as otherwise required by law or permitted by law. We may disclose your information in connection with the sale or
merger of The Great Courses or any transaction that involves the sale or assignment of some or all of our assets.

Third-Party ad serving, analytics, and audience and traffic measurement services: We may use a third-party network advertiser to serve the advertisements
on the Website or may use a traffic measurement service to analyze the traffic on the Website. Network advertisers are third parties that display
advertisements based on your visits to this Website and other Websites you have visited. Third-party ad serving enables us to target advertisements to you
for products or Websites you might be interested in. audience and traffic measurement services allow us to collect anonymous traffic and behavior
information from the Website by monitoring anonymous visitor activity. Although advertisers or other companies do not have access to the Website cookies,
the Website's advertisers, sponsors and/or traffic measurement services may themselves set and access their own cookies on your computer if you choose to
have your cookies enabled in your browser. Cookies allow third-party advertisers to show you advertisements or content you might be interested in. Note
that any images (or any other parts of a web page) served by third parties in association with third-party cookies may serve as web beacons, which enable
third parties to carry out the previously described activities. Other companies' uses of their cookies are subject to their own privacy policies, not this
one. Please visit http://www.networkadvertising.org/optout_nonppii.asp in order to learn more about the information collection practices and "opt-out"
procedures of third-party ad servers we may use.

With regard to name and postal address only, from time to time, we may make our mailing list available to carefully screened companies. If you prefer we
don’t share your name and postal address, please call our Customer Care team at 1-800-832-2412 or write to us at The Great Courses, 4840 Westfields Blvd.,
Suite 500, Chantilly, VA, 20151-2299. (However, because this reflects a change in practice, the new policy applies only to the names and postal addresses
of new customers added to our mailing list after October 1, 2013.)

5. Links To Third-party Websites

Links of this Website may allow you to directly access Websites operated by third parties, including, without limitation, our service providers (such as
third-party shopping cart service provider) or marketing providers. Some of these third-party marketing channels may be “co-branded” with our logo; even
so, these third-party channels are not operated, controlled or maintained by The Great Courses. These channels or links are provided for your convenience
only and should be used with your discretion and prudent judgment. Links from our Website to third-party Websites do not constitute sponsorship,
endorsement, or approval of the content, policies or practices of such third-party Websites. The collection and use of your information by such co-branding
third parties is the responsibility of the co-branding partner, and they may use your personal information for their direct marketing purposes. We are not
responsible for any information these Websites or digital channels may obtain and we do not oversee their policies or practices. This Privacy Policy does
not apply to information provided to or gathered by the third parties that operate them. The privacy policies of these third-party Websites may differ from
ours. These Websites may ask you for Personal Information. Please review the privacy policy on third-party channels before submitting information, because
we do not have control over the use of information collected on these Websites. Please review the privacy policies and practices of these digital channels
before providing any Personal Information.

6. Information Security

The Great Courses makes reasonable efforts to ensure that our Internet Service Providers have implemented physical, electronic, and procedural security
measures to assist with safeguarding your personal information, and to help protect against unauthorized access and disclosure. Only our authorized
personnel and our Internet Service Providers who perform legitimate business functions for The Great Courses are authorized to access your personal
information.

Notwithstanding our efforts, the Internet and online services have inherent security risks. The Great Courses cannot promise, and you should not expect,
that your personal information, personal searches, and other communications will always remain secure. You should take care with regard to how you handle
and disclose your personal information or any username or password that you are required to use to access services on this Website or online service.

7. Data Retention Periods

We will retain your personally identifiable information for as long as your account is active or as needed to provide you services. If you wish to cancel
your account or request that we no longer use your information to provide you services contact us at customerservice@thegreatcourses.com. We will retain and use your information as necessary to
comply with our legal obligations, resolve disputes, and enforce our agreements.

8. Other Social Media Websites, Blogs, Message Boards

The Website and The Great Courses Mobile application ("The Great Courses Mobile") may make chat rooms, forums, commenting and message boards available to
you and other users. You are not required to provide any personal information when using these areas but you may choose to do so. If you post personal
information online, it will be publicly available and you may receive unsolicited messages from other parties. In addition, when you post a comment to The
Great Courses Mobile, the user name with which you registered for the Website and your current location will be made publicly available on the Website and
through The Great Courses Mobile. By using the commenting features of the Website and The Great Courses Mobile, you acknowledge that your user name and
location information will be disclosed. We cannot ensure the security of any information you choose to make public in a chat room, forum, or message board.
Also, we cannot ensure that parties who have access to such publicly available information will respect your privacy. Please exercise caution when deciding
to disclose personal information in these areas. To request removal of your personal information from our blog or community forum, contact us at: customerservice@thegreatcourses.com. In some cases, we may not be able to remove your personal
information, in which case we will let you know if we are unable to do so and why.

9. General Audience Website Not Directed Toward Children

This Website is a general audience Website. Our content is neither directed toward minors nor children who are under the age of 13. We do not knowingly
collect personal information from children under the age of 13. If The Great Courses or our Internet Service Providers become aware that a minor or a child
under the age of 13 has provided us with personal information without the parental consent, that information will be deleted from our databases. Parents
who have questions about personal information that may have been submitted by a child under the age of 13 should email us at: customerservice@thegreatcourses.com.

10. Consent to Privacy Policy

By using the Website, you signify your agreement to the terms of this Privacy Policy. We may amend this Privacy Policy at any time. If we make a material
change to the way in which we collect, use, and/or share your personal information, we will post a notice on the Website and/or send an email to users who
have provided an email address. Please note that you should always update your personal information to provide us with a current email address.

11. Access to Personal Information and Consent to Transfer

The first time that you provide us with registration information through our Website, you may be offered the opportunity to subscribe to and receive
additional information about our products and services. After your first use, you can make changes to your personal information and your initial choices by
accessing your account or by contacting customer service e-mail at customerservice@thegreatcourses.com.

The United States may not have data privacy laws that are deemed to afford an equal level of protection for your Personal Information as those laws
legislated at the direction of the European Union or similar geopolitical, national or regional legislative bodies. However, please be assured that The
Great Courses will continue to adhere to the principles stated in this Privacy Policy and will make reasonable efforts to comply with applicable
international, national, regional, territorial, and provincial laws in connection with any information collected through the Website. The Great Courses
will endeavor to preserve the integrity, confidentiality, and security of personal information and afford such personal information reasonable level of
protection.

For those Website users located outside the United States, we advise you that your information may at times be accessible by individuals who are located
worldwide including in countries that the European Commission or other geopolitical regions have not been determined to provide the same level of data
protection as in your country, province, territory or geopolitical region. By providing us with your Personal Information, you consent to our use of it in
accordance with The Great Courses’ Privacy Policy, including the transfer of your information across international boundaries to jurisdictions anywhere in
the world as permitted by local law.

12. Your California Privacy Rights

Other than as is stated by this Privacy Policy, the Great Courses will not share any personal information about you with outside third-parties for their
direct marketing purposes to the extent prohibited by California law, unless you agree otherwise as authorized by your prior written consent.

California residents have the right to request information from The Great Courses regarding the manner that we may share personal information with
affiliated companies and third parties for their direct marketing purposes. To find out what and how we share such information, you may send us an e-mail
request at: customerservice@thegreatcourses.com or mail a request to: Privacy Officer, The Great
Courses 4840 Westfields Blvd. Suite #500 Chantilly, VA 20151-2299, and receive the following information:

A. The categories of information we disclosed to third parties for their direct marketing purposes during the preceding calendar year, if any;

B. The names and addresses of the third parties who received information for their direct marketing purposes; and

C. Examples of the products and services subject to the third-parties’ direct marketing programs, if the nature of the third parties’ business cannot be
determined from their names.

13. Questions About This Privacy Policy

Please enter your e-mail address associated with your Great Courses account. We will send you an email so you can reset your password. If you have problems, please Contact Us.

Email

Italian Renaissance

Course No. 3970

Professor Kenneth R. Bartlett, Ph.D.

University of Toronto

Share This Course

Course No. 3970

Should I Buy Audio or Video?

Audio or Video?

You should buy audioif you would enjoy the convenience of experiencing this course while driving, exercising, etc. While the video does contain visual elements, the professor presents the material in an engaging and clear manner, so the visuals are not necessary to understand the concepts. Additionally, the audio audience may refer to the accompanying course guidebook for names, works, and examples that are cited throughout the course.

You should buy videoif you prefer learning visually and wish to take advantage of the visual elements featured in this course. The video version of the course features images of Renaissance art, including paintings, statues, and architecture; as well as portraits; maps; and genealogies. There are also on-screen spellings and definitions to help reinforce the material for visual learners.

Course Overview

When you think of the Italian Renaissance, chances are you think of what it gave us. The extraordinary sculptures of Michelangelo. The incomparable paintings of Leonardo da Vinci. The immortal written works of Petrarch and Machiavelli. But have you ever wondered why there was such an artistic, cultural and intellectual explosion in Italy at the start of the 14th century?

Why did it occur in Italy and not another part of Europe, and why did it happen in certain Italian city-states, such as Florence?

Why did it ultimately fail in the middle of the 16th century?

Professor Kenneth Bartlett offers you the opportunity to appreciate the results of the Italian Renaissance and to probe its origins. You will gain an understanding of the underlying social, political, and economic forces that made such exceptional art and culture possible.

In this course, you will learn from two masters: Professor Bartlett himself, and the eminent 19th-century art historian Jacob Burckhardt, who created the scholarly model—cultural history—through which the Renaissance is still widely studied today. Burckhardt believed that the Renaissance was best understood by examining the culture from which it arose: its social relations, economic structures, political systems, and religious beliefs.

Dr. Bartlett believes that this approach is akin to creating a mosaic using tesserae, pieces that consist of questions about social, economic, and political history, and about the day-to-day lives of individuals and families of the time.

How did the city-states of Italy amass such enormous wealth, and why did states such as Florence invest so much of their capital in art and learning?

How people lived, worked, and learned

What was the relationship of parents to children, husbands to wives, and citizens to their community?

Who could hold political power, and why? How is it that the Renaissance manifested itself so differently in different political environments: in a republic like Florence, a despotism like Milan, or a principality like Urbino?

Even the geography and topography of Italy become surprisingly crucial pieces of the picture. How did the country's unique shape—a peninsula with a mountain range running up its center—help to spark the Renaissance? Would the Renaissance have happened had Italy's geography been different?

This course will teach you that the Italian Renaissance mosaic is incomplete without the large and small pieces, such as the sack of Rome or the French invasions of 1494, and the dowry that a woman's family had to provide so she could be married. In addition, you will learn that some pieces you may have associated with another genre of history—the Protestant Reformation or the Council of Trent, for example—are a part of an accurate Renaissance depiction.

You will gain a sense of how the Renaissance really looked through the eyes of the men and women who lived it. In addition, you will appreciate the Italian Renaissance as the moment in history when culture reached a point that is still with us in the way we view the world and structure our lives, and in the Renaissance cities of present-day Italy.

The Mind-set of the Renaissance: Man as the Measure of all Things

If you could learn only one thing from this course, it would be this: The Italian Renaissance was essentially a mind-set, a collection of powerful attitudes and beliefs.

Renaissance thinking enabled Italy to emerge from the feudal, Aristotelian, God-centered society of medieval Europe. The Renaissance mind—informed by the new philosophy of Humanism and the rediscovery of Plato—was far more secular and focused on the activities of human beings. The great invention of the time was the creation of the individual, the notion that human experiences and abilities should not be trivialized but celebrated—that man was "the measure of all things."

You will witness the creation of Renaissance attitudes and beliefs against a backdrop of the cultural circumstances that gave birth to it. You will see the origins of Humanism as largely rooted in the work of Francesco Petrarca, or Petrarch, who grew up in a family that had been exiled from Florence. Humanism's emphasis on the individual grew out of the fact that Petrarch was forced to seek his own identity, to literally "construct" himself, because he was separated from the homeland that otherwise would have shaped his identity.

You will understand Petrarch as an example of the theory that "geniuses do not drive history." Even the most powerful ideas cannot take hold unless they can connect with social, political, and economic realities—unless they are beneficial to a given culture's day-to-day needs.

The Life of Latin

For example, Petrarch's belief that the classical Latin of Cicero was superior to medieval Latin received support because it proved true in real life. Traveling notaries, who wrote contracts and letters in Latin for merchants, found that switching to the classical version made them more marketable. Similarly, Humanism became the philosophy of the Republic of Florence largely because it was seen as economically advantageous. Florence's rising business class saw Humanism as a useful rationale for charging interest, a practice forbidden by the Bible.

What is perhaps most striking is the way Renaissance Italians came to see their beliefs as not simply abstract but tangible. Florence transformed Humanism into civic Humanism—the belief that citizens should contribute their wealth and talent to the city's betterment—which it further transformed into an actual "built community": its architecture and landscaping, its immortal churches, sculptures, paintings, and frescoes.

Finally, you will examine how Renaissance ideals were embodied in the work of writers such as Baldassare Castiglione, Francesco Guicciardini, and Niccolo Machiavelli. They considered their era's values to be sacred, vital handholds to which civilization literally clung. Their works can largely be seen as an effort to adjust and protect these values, to preserve them against the assault of anti-Italian, anti-Renaissance barbarians of their time.

Renaissances of Florence, Venice, Urbino, Milan, and Rome

The city-states of the Italian peninsula were home to the money, intellect, and talent that were needed for the growth of Renaissance culture, especially in Florence.

In the Republic of Florence, you will find an enlightened society that reached its peak under Cosimo de'Medici the elder (il Vecchio) and his grandson, Lorenzo the Magnificent, and that considered itself "the enemy of kings and tyrants." Fully 3 percent of its citizens were eligible to hold political office (a remarkable percentage for the time).

On the other hand, Florence's Renaissance history was one of political instability, of factionalism and political experiment that eventually descended into disarray and decline. At the end of the 15th century, under the overzealous Dominican monk Girolamo Savonarola, Florence was a repressive theocracy that ruled through torture. Heretics risked having their tongues cut out, and specially trained groups of boys, called Bands of Hope, roamed the streets to enforce public piety.

This course will also show you how the Renaissance progressed in other Italian city-states that, due to circumstances of geography and history, had political and social structures that were very different from Florence's. In fact, most Italian Renaissance cities were principalities or despotisms, governed by princes or leaders of ruling families who could be either benign or cruel.

In Venice, you will see how this Republic's change from a maritime to a more land-oriented city more amenable to Renaissance Humanism, which affected the look of the city. Venetian visual arts and architecture changed from Byzantine to Classical, and a Venetian school of painting arose that gave us such giants as Giorgione, Titian, Veronese, and Tintoretto.

Montefeltro, a Consummate Civic Leader

The tiny principality of Urbino and the powerful despotic monarchy of Milan produced several exceptional leaders. Sir Kenneth Clark described Urbino under Federigo da Montefeltro as the most civilized place on Earth at the time. Montefeltro, known as the Light of Italy, walked the streets of Urbino each morning to inquire about his subjects' well-being. His sense of fairness was so strong that he once insisted that a merchant sue him for nonpayment of a debt.

The Milanese despotic monarch Giangaleazzo Visconti built Milan's renowned cathedral, instituted postal and public health systems, and initiated an attempt to unite Italy that, had it succeeded, would have rewritten Italian and European history. His successors, Francesco and Lodovico Sforza (called il Moro, the Moor, for his dark skin) accomplished the Peace of Lodi, which sheltered the Renaissance in relative tranquility for 40 years. Sforza presided over a court—where Leonardo da Vinci resided—that made Milan a rival to Lorenzo de'Medici's Florence as a center of art patronage.

Rome, in an eerie reprise of the Roman Empire, rose and fell during the Renaissance. The Middle Ages had made Rome a deserted city, overrun by weeds and animals. But after the embarrassments of the Babylonian Captivity (1305–77), when the papacy moved to France, and the Great Schism (1378–1417), when as many as three popes ruled simultaneously, a succession of popes embarked on a rebuilding program designed to restore the papacy's dignity.

Martin V, Nicholas V, Sixtus IV, and Julius II made Rome a Renaissance city by instituting large-scale public works, and church buildings such as St. Peter's Basilica, the largest construction project in Rome since antiquity. Unfortunately, Rome's rebirth as a magnet for tourists and pilgrims ended in an orgy of violence during the sack of Rome in 1527. An army comprised largely of mercenary Protestant Germans committed wanton rape, slaughtered priests and nuns, and pried open the tombs of popes and cardinals to steal vestments and rings.

In the end, no more than 15,000 inhabitants remained in the city, and Italians lost significant faith in their Renaissance ideals of Humanism and the dignity of man.

The Renaissance in Daily Detail

The Italian Renaissance was the era that invented the concept of the state and the term "Middle Ages."

The last non-Italian pope until John Paul II served during the Renaissance. But Adrian VI was so unpopular that after he died, happy Romans carried his doctor through the streets because they thought he had helped to kill the pontiff.

In wars between Italian city-states, hardly anyone was hurt, let alone killed. Renaissance cities hired mercenary armies to do their fighting for them, and mercenary captains fought not to lose soldiers, whom they considered to be investments.

Professor Bartlett's presentation contains a wealth of details that will give you a feel and appreciation for the Italian Renaissance—its contributions to history, the ways it was similar and dissimilar to our times, and how it was experienced by the people, famous and ordinary, who lived it. For example:

To recover knowledge of classical antiquity, Renaissance scholars had to invent disciplines such as archaeology, numismatics, and methods to verify the authenticity and meanings of texts. Renaissance techniques proved that the document, the Donation of Constantine—through which the Emperor Constantine allegedly gave control of the Western Roman Empire to the church—was a forgery, and that the only full-size equestrian bronze statue to survive from antiquity, long thought to depict Constantine, was actually of Marcus Aurelius.

Florence invented several financial techniques now widespread in modern economics. In the 1340s, to finance a huge public debt, Florentines invented the Monte, or mountain. This functioned like a municipal bond, and paid a 5 percent rate of return. Florentines also created the Monte delle doti, which functioned like a modern college fund, to help fathers pay their daughters' dowries, and an income tax complete with personal deductions.

So that aristocratic boys and girls wouldn't feel too superior, many Humanist educators required some poor boys, selected for their intelligence, be educated with them. The poor students were taught for free, and their parents were compensated for the fact that the boys weren't working and contributing to family income.

Ironically, women's social and personal freedom was most restricted where political freedom was greatest, in Humanist republics such as Florence and Venice. Most Humanist authors advised that women not be taught classical languages, rhetoric, and other Humanist skills. But in principalities, noble fathers often found it beneficial to educate their daughters to make them more attractive to a suitor. In addition, duchesses or princesses often ruled when husbands were away at war, a role unimaginable in Florence or Venice.

In Renaissance cities, women had four life options: marriage, domestic service, the convent, or prostitution. Florence ran state-approved brothels so that "honest" women would not be assaulted. Many women, afraid of dying in childbirth, chose the convent.

Social rank and decorum required that boys and girls, young men and women, only play a stringed instrument or keyboard instruments. Brass instruments or woodwinds were forbidden because it was thought that playing these instruments distorted the face and was contrary to the dignity and natural beauty of the human form.

Trials were held secretly in Venice, and most sentences were carried out at night. If you were accused of a capital offense, of which there were many, you would often just disappear. You'd be sewn in a sack and, at midnight, dropped over the side of a boat.

In this course you will also study a time when popes tended to be truly extraordinary, both in their accomplishments and in their personal behavior. They include:

Sixtus IV, who probably did more than anyone to rebuild Rome, and for whom the Sistine Chapel is named. But he was also a conspirator to murder, plotting with the Pazzi family to kill the Florentine leader Lorenzo de'Medici and his brother Giuliano at Mass one Holy Week.

Innocent VIII, who presided over the marriages of his children in front of the high altar at St. Peter's.

Alexander VI Borgia, who had four children with his primary mistress, known as the Queen of Rome. His teenage mistress convinced him to make her brother a cardinal, who eventually became one of the great popes of the 16th century, Paul III.

Julius II, who built the current St. Peter's Basilica, commissioned Michelangelo to paint the vault of the Sistine Chapel, and was probably the 16th century's greatest art patron. He took his name to honor Julius Caesar, and was known as The Warrior Pope. In his sixties, he would walk with common soldiers through waist-deep snow and said he preferred the smell of gunpowder to the smell of incense.

In addition to the great popes, philosophers, writers, and political leaders of the Italian Renaissance, you will meet those whose names may not be as well-known, but whose impact was in many ways just as significant:

Poggio Bracciolini, whose handwriting was the model for italic type, and who perhaps did more to recover ancient literature than anyone else. Scouring monastic libraries, he discovered the lost forensic orations of Cicero, Vitruvius's complete manuscript on Roman architecture and building, and the complete text of Quintilian's Instituto Oratoria—the education of the citizen orator.

Coluccio Salutati, who as Chancellor of Florence institutionalized Humanism in the city by actively seeking Humanist scholars for positions in city government.

Marsilio Ficino, best known for introducing the philosophy of Plato to Europe. He served as the first president of the Florentine Platonic Academy, which attracted the leading citizens, thinkers, and artists of Florence.

The Power of an "Energizing Myth"

This course will impress you with the fact that the Italian Renaissance is one of history's most interesting periods as well as one of its most relevant. Its contributions made much of modern life possible.

Our concept of participatory government, our belief in the value of competition, our philosophy of the content and purpose of education, even our notions of love all have roots in the Renaissance period. Its loftiest ideals—the importance of the individual, the value of human dignity and potential, and the promotion of freedom—are ones we embrace as our own.

As Professor Bartlett stresses, the principal cause of the Italian Renaissance was simply the idea that it could be. The historian Federico Chabod proposed that the Italian Renaissance was really an "energizing myth." Italians, especially Florentines, became convinced that they could do anything—so they did.

As you will see, the Italian Renaissance failed as an era when Italians lost faith in their myth. In the face of invasion and violence, they succumbed to failure, humiliation, and fear, and abandoned the values through which they had accomplished so much.

Professor Bartlett stresses that this is an important object lesson for us. Our world is a mirror to theirs. Could we make the same mistakes they ultimately did? Yes. Can we afford to? No. Today, the stakes are simply too high.

Hide Full Description

36 lectures

| 30 minutes each

Year Released: 2005

1

The Study of the Italian Renaissance

This series provides a multifaceted image of Renaissance Italy that explains why that period remains fundamental to Western culture. Lectures on city-states are interspersed with those on philosophy, education, and other cultural elements relevant to Italy in general. x

2

The Renaissance—Changing Interpretations

The Renaissance became visible at different times in different places. It was the first self-conscious period of European history, articulated by the Humanist writer, Giovanni Boccaccio, who recognized that a new world was being created. x

3

Italy—The Cradle of the Renaissance

The Renaissance developed because of the unique circumstances of the Italian peninsula. Urban life had remained strong, a lay tradition of study and secular values had been sustained, and memories of the Roman Empire were everywhere. x

4

The Age of Dante—Guelfs and Ghibellines

The Florentine poet Dante defined the transition from the medieval to the Renaissance. He was born into a period of dispute between papal supporters—the Guelfs—and adherents of the Holy Roman Emperor—the Ghibellines. The Guelf victory in Florence helped set the stage for the Renaissance. x

5

Petrarch and the Foundations of Humanism

Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) can be described as the father of Humanism. His love of Latin classics and early Christian thinkers like Augustine drove him to investigate his own motivations and feelings. His desire to know himself recovered the genre of autobiography. x

6

The Recovery of Antiquity

For Italians, ancient Rome was their national history. This rich tradition was increasingly regarded as an intellectual heritage to be mined for contemporary use so its wisdom could be applied to the circumstances of 14th-century Italy. x

7

Florence—The Creation of the Republic

Florence was the cradle of the Renaissance. By the mid-13th century, huge fortunes were being made by men whose families had emigrated from the countryside. However, these wealthy merchants were largely excluded from government. The result was a bourgeois revolution in 1293, which established a republic founded on guild membership. x

8

Florence and Civic Humanism

Florence's now-dominant mercantile classes were attracted to the ideals of ancient Rome. Romans were, after all, like them: urban, cosmopolitan, and secular. This adaptation of classical learning developed into "Civic" Humanism, where the citizen's responsibility to the community became a powerful ethic. x

9

Florentine Culture and Society

Florentines believed they could rival the ancients. Public commissions—such as the baptistery doors—were determined by competitions judged by a citizen panel. Private citizens endowed public buildings to celebrate their wealth and values. Florence became an artistic and architectural monument to Humanism. x

10

Renaissance Education

As Humanism matured, it became a system of secular education. Teaching correct, Golden Age Latin—and, later, Greek—became central. A Humanist education for boys became important as a way to improve their social status. x

11

The Medici Hegemony

The guild republic did not end political tension in Florence. The Ciompi Revolt (1378) drove lesser guildsmen into an unpopular oligarchy with the great merchants. An unsuccessful war against Lucca galvanized the opposition, led by the richest man in Florence, Cosimo de'Medici, who assumed power in 1434. x

12

The Florence of Lorenzo de’Medici

Despite the republican constitution of Florence, Lorenzo was, in effect, a Renaissance prince. He supported poets like Poliziano and philosophers like Pico della Mirandola; he discovered Michelangelo and patronized Botticelli. However, there was opposition, led by the Pazzi family, and Pope Sixtus IV. x

13

Venice—The Most Serene Republic

Venice was not a Roman foundation and not originally an episcopal see. It also avoided the factional crises of the other Italian states, as the Guelf-Ghibelline struggle did not obtain. Consequently, Venice was stable and homogeneous, divided informally by wealth and occupation. x

14

Renaissance Venice

Venice was isolated from Humanist values in the peninsula. Everything changed after 1380, when Venice decided to expand onto the mainland. Venice conquered Vicenza, Verona, and Padua, with its celebrated university, and began to adopt Humanist and Renaissance artistic values. x

15

The Signori—Renaissance Princes

The Renaissance's most common political structure was the principality. Princes—in Italian, signori, or lords—received sovereignty from the Holy Roman Emperor or from the pope. Principalities often developed brilliant courts, and the glorification of the ruler became a recurring image in art. x

16

Urbino

Tiny Urbino became one of the most celebrated sites of Renaissance culture under Federigo da Montefeltro. A great leader who never lost a battle and—uncharacteristically for a mercenary—never betrayed a client, Federigo was among the greatest patrons of culture in the Italian Renaissance. x

17

Castiglione and The Book of the Courtier

In the later Italian Renaissance, the new model was the ideal courtier. Florentines grew interested in Platonic ideas that stressed the soul and the value of knowledge, including the mystical and the power of love. These elements are best exemplified in Baldassare Castiglione and his Book of the Courtier.x

18

Women in Renaissance Italy

It has been argued that women did not have a Renaissance. They were largely subject to their fathers until marriage and thereafter to their husbands. Classical learning was seen as superfluous, and possibly dangerous to a female's virtue and reputation. Many women of high birth rose to great heights, but for most life was very difficult. x

19

Neoplatonism

Many dialogues of Plato only became available in the late 14th and early 15th centuries. Renaissance Neoplatonism was institutionalized when Cosimo de'Medici commissioned Marsilio Ficino to translate the Platonic corpus into Latin. Ficino gathered around him such luminaries as Lorenzo the Magnificent, and the artists Botticelli and Michelangelo. x

20

Milan Under the Visconti

Milan was the model of the despotic monarchy. Through warfare and brutal repression, the Visconti family made Milan the most powerful state in northern Italy. Wealth, combined with the Visconti desire for lasting fame, stimulated the patronage of art and literature. x

21

Milan Under the Sforza

Francesco Sforza was a fine ruler who, with Cosimo de'Medici, ensured the stability of the peninsula through the Peace of Lodi and the Italian League. Francesco's son, Lodovico, il Moro; and his bride, Beatrice d'Este, presided over a brilliant court in which Leonardo da Vinci resided. x

22

The Eternal City—Rome

Conflict damaged Rome during the 14th century. Violence among the great Roman families resulted in the Babylonian Captivity (1305–1377) during which the Pope abandoned Rome for Avignon. With insufficient funds to maintain the great churches and palaces, the population and number of visitors fell precipitously. The Renaissance, then, came late to Rome. x

23

The Rebuilding of Rome

During the Great Schism (1378–1417) there were two and, finally, three competing popes. The return of a united papacy in 1420 required the rehabilitation of the neglected eternal city. Driven by a desire for grandeur, popes looked to ancient models. x

24

The Renaissance Papacy

The story of the Renaissance papacy is one of ambition, a desire to increase the grandeur of Rome and the see of St. Peter while still increasing the power of the pope's family. Renaissance popes were most often seen by their neighbors as powerful princes. x

25

The Crisis—The French Invasion of 1494

The Italian Renaissance flourished in part because of the protected space of the peninsula. But in 1494, King Charles VIII of France invaded Italy, with the largest army then amassed, to assert his claim to the Kingdom of Naples. The peninsula would never again enjoy unmolested independence. x

26

Florence in Turmoil

A casualty of the French invasions was the Medici hegemony. Lorenzo de'Medici's successor, his incompetent eldest son, Piero, yielded to all of the French king's demands. As a result, the Florentines drove him and his family from the city. But a power vacuum ensued that provided an opportunity for the millenarian Dominican monk, Girolamo Savonarola. x

27

Savonarola and the Republic

Savonarola's puritanical theocracy banned simple pleasures, like cards and carnival. Bands of boys collected "vanities," parading them through the streets and setting bonfires. Diplomatic and natural disasters, however, alienated moderate Florentines who, in 1498, arrested Savonarola and burned him as a heretic. x

28

The Medici Restored

The Medici returned in 1512. Cardinal Giovanni de'Medici took control, but was soon elected pope as Leo X. Thereafter, Florence was governed either by papal representatives or by lesser members of the family, who often were incompetent or insensitive to Florentine traditions. x

29

The Sack of Rome, 1527

Italy was often the setting for disputes between the French and the Spanish-Imperial Habsburgs. Led by the Constable of Bourbon, an undisciplined imperial army that included many zealous German protestant soldiers breached Rome's walls on May 6, 1527. About 50,000 inhabitants fled or were killed, making this more brutal than the barbarian incursions of the Roman Empire. x

30

Niccolò Machiavelli

Although best known for his political writing, Machiavelli was also a fine dramatist, letter writer, and diplomat. The Prince, written after the return of the Medici in 1512 removed Machiavelli from power, reviews Italy in an uncertain age. Using the ruthless Cesare Borgia as a model, it counsels harsh medicine and strong leadership to protect Italy from the northern "barbarians." x

31

Alessandro de’Medici

The Medici Pope Clement VII made the recovery of Florence part of the treaty to end the sack of Rome. Clement sent 19-year-old Alessandro de'Medici, believed to be his son by a Moorish slave, to be duke of the city. After Clement's death, the duke ruled ever more tyrannically and showed signs of madness, especially in the company of his insane cousin, Lorenzo (Lorenzaccio). x

32

The Monarchy of Cosimo I

When 19-year-old Cosimo I de'Medici became prince in 1537, many assumed that the architect of his victory, Guicciardini, would be his advisor. But Cosimo dismissed the influential politician, and set out to build a despotic monarchy on the ruins of the republic. The patrician families were offered titles and attached to his court. The Florentines lost their freedom but achieved stability in return. x

33

Guicciardini and The History of Italy

Guicciardini was a remarkable, if flawed, genius. His advice was partly responsible for the sack of Rome. However, his monumental The History of Italy became the model for new Humanist historiography. This book has been called the most important work of history between Tacitus and Gibbon. x

34

The Counter-Reformation

The Protestant Reformation that started in 1517 had a devastating impact. The Roman Church lost millions of adherents and responded by establishing the Roman Inquisition (1542) and the Index of Prohibited Books (1559). The principles that had stimulated the Renaissance, open debate and original thinking, were overwhelmed by forces that demanded uniformity and obedience. x

35

The End of the Renaissance in Italy

Italy was a very different place in 1570 from what it had been in 1470. Particular events illustrate why: the French invasions of 1494; the sack of Rome in 1527; and the closure of free thought and debate by the Church. Moreover, the victory of despotic monarchical regimes in states like Florence ended the competitive, energetic world of the Renaissance. x

36

Echoes of the Renaissance

The Italian Renaissance is a monument to human imagination. In some ways, it continued into the last century. Naturalism and proportion remained the foundation of academic art. The influence of antiquity continued in the architecture of public buildings. And the central place of the Greek and Roman classics was sustained in the education of elite groups in every Western nation. x

Lecture Titles

Clone Content from Your Professor tab

What's Included

What Does Each Format Include?

Audio Download Includes:

Ability to download 36 audio lectures from your digital library

Downloadable PDF of the course guidebook

FREE audio streaming of the course from our website and mobile apps

DVD Includes:

36 lectures on 6 DVDs

264-page printed course guidebook

Downloadable PDF of the course guidebook

CD Includes:

36 lectures on 18 CDs

264-page printed course guidebook

Downloadable PDF of the course guidebook

FREE audio streaming of the course from our website and mobile apps

What Does The Course Guidebook Include?

Course Guidebook Details:

264-page printed course guidebook

Map of Italy

Suggested readings

Questions to consider

Enjoy This Course On-the-Go with Our Mobile Apps!*

iPhone + iPad

Android Devices

Kindle Fire Tablet + Firephone

*Courses can be streamed from anywhere you
have an internet connection. Standard carrier data rates may apply in areas that do not have wifi connections
pursuant to your carrier contract.

Your professor

About Your Professor

Kenneth R. Bartlett, Ph.D.

University of Toronto

Dr. Kenneth R. Bartlett is Professor of History and Renaissance Studies at the University of Toronto, where he earned his Ph.D. and has taught for the past 30 years. A distinguished teacher, Professor Bartlett has received numerous teaching awards and honors. These include the 3M Teaching Fellowship-awarded by the Canadian Society for Teaching and Learning in Higher Education-and the inaugural President's Teaching Award from...