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Summary

Covering every step of research, writing, and documentation,Writing from Sourcesprovides a complete guide to source-based writing. The book builds from fundamental skills -- such as annotating a passage -- to more demanding ones such as integrating sources smoothly into an original argument. Examples, exercises, and guidance throughout help students gain confidence with essential concepts, while numerous readings drawn from a variety of sources provide models and practice in every skill.

Author Biography

BRENDA SPATT taught English at Herbert H. Lehman College of The City University of New York for 13 years before becoming the university's director of academic affairs and then associate dean.

Table of Contents

To the InstructorTo the StudentCitations

PART I: MAKING SOURCES YOUR OWN

1. READING FOR UNDERSTANDINGUNDERLININGANNOTATING Reading: William Leach, from Land of Desire Exercise 1: Annotating a Passage *Katherine Ashenberg, from The Dirt on Clean *Steven Pinker, The Blank SlateASKING QUESTIONS Reading: Blanche Blank, A Question of Degree Exercise 2: Understanding What You Read *Jill McCorkle, Cuss TimeQUESTIONING THE AUTHOR Reading: Rubén Martínez, The Kindness of Strangers Exercise 3: Examining Intention *Sally Satel, When Altruism Isn't Moral USING EVIDENCE AND REASONING Exercise 4: Citing Evidence *Dan Bilefsky, Children Left Behind Suffer the Strains of MigrationINTERPRETING EVIDENCE Exercise 5: Drawing Inferences *Libby Sander, For College Athletes, Recruiting is a Fair (but Flawed) GameUSING LOGICAL REASONINGExercise 6: Analyzing an Author's Logic *Michael Mandelbaum, from Democracy's Good Name *Diana West, from The Death of the Grown-Up

PART II: PRESENTING SOURCES TO OTHERS

2. SUMMARIZING SOURCESSUMMARIZING A PARAGRAPH Exercise 7: Summarizing a Paragraph Margaret Mead, from Some Personal Views Michael Pollan, from An Animal's Place Steve Olsen, from Mapping Human History Sara Kershaw, Enough of the Hills and Woods, Can I Send Grandma an E-Card? Daniel Boorstin, from Americans: The National Experience Steven Pinker, from The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature *Lawrence Rosen, What We Got WrongSUMMARIZING AN ARTICLE Reading: Selwyn Raab, Holdup Man Tells Detectives How to Do It Exercise 8: Summarizing an Article *Jonathan Malesic, How Dumb Do They Think We Are?SUMMARIZING A COMPLEX ESSAY Reading: Bertrand Russell, The Social Responsibility of Scientists Assignment 1: Summarizing an Essay *Nicholas Carr, Is Google Making Us Stupid? *Roger Scruton, from A Carnivore's Credo

5. THE SINGLE-SOURCE ESSAYSTRATEGY ONE: ARGUING AGAINST YOUR SOURCE Reading: Roger Sipher, So That Nobody Has to Go to School If They Don't Want To Assignment 2: Writing an Argument Based on a Single Source Carl Singleton, What Our Education System Needs is More Fs *Steven M. Wise, Why Animals Deserve Legal Rights *Mirko Bagaric and Julie Clarke, from Torture: When the Unthinkable is Morally Permissible

STRATEGY TWO: DEVELOPING AN ESSAY BASED ON A SOURCE Assignment 3: Writing an Essay Based on a Single Source *Jenni Russell, The Selfish Generation *Christopher Caldwell, What a College Education Buys *Bobby Allyn, Among Privileged Classmates, I'm an Outsider

6. THE MULTIPLE-SOURCE ESSAYANALYZING MULTIPLE SOURCES Exercise 20: Analyzing Shades of Meaning in Multiple Sources Assignment 4: Writing a Definition Essay from Multiple SourcesSYNTHESIZING MULTIPLE SOURCES: “LOTTERY” Exercise 21: Identifying Common IdeasORGANIZING MULTIPLE SOURCES: “STUDENT PROMOTION” Reading: Gene I. Maeroff, from Rule Tying Pupil Promotion to Reading Skill Stirs WorryEVALUATING SOURCESWRITING A SYNTHESIS ESSAY Exercise 22: Analyzing a Paragraph Based on a Synthesis of Sources Alan Wolfe, Moral Freedom: Till Circumstances Do Us Part Assignment 5: Writing an Essay Synthesizing Multiple Sources *Laurie Fendrich, The B-Minus Reigns Supreme Assignment 6: Writing an Argument from Multiple Sources *Jennifer Medina, Can Students Be Paid to Excel?WHEN NOT TO SYNTHESIZESYNTHESIZING SOURCES IN ACADEMIC ESSAYS Reading: Jeffrey Rosen, from The Naked Crowd Exercise 23: Integrating Three Academic Sources *Andrew Keen, from The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet is Killing Our Culture *Lee Siegel, from Against the Machine: Being Human in the Age of the Electronic Mob *William Deresiewicz, from The End of Solitude Assignment 7: Synthesizing Academic Sources *Steven Johnson, from Everything Bad is Good for You *Christine Rosen, from People of the Screen

PART IV: WRITING THE RESEARCH ESSAY

7. FINDING SOURCESTOPIC NARROWING Exercise 24: Narrowing a Topic Exercise 25: Proposing a TopicLOCATING SOURCESINTERVIEWING AND FIELD RESEARCH Assignment 8: Writing an Essay Based on Interviews or Field ResearchSAVING AND RECORDING INFORMATION FOR YOUR BIBLIOGRAPHY Exercise 26: Compiling a Working Bibliography Exercise 27: Finding and Selecting Sources Assignment 9: Preparing a Topic Proposal for a Research Essay

8. EVALUATING SOURCESEVALUATING PRINT SOURCESEVALUATING WEB SOURCESEVALUATING WEB SOURCES ABOUT ANIMAL RIGHTSINTEGRATING SOURCES Exercise 28: Evaluating Internet Sources Exercise 29: Choosing Internet Sources Exercise 30: Evaluating Sources *Britannica Online, from Wikipedia *Andrew Lih, from The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia *Jonathan Zittrain, from The Future of the Internet and How to Stop It *Andrew Keen, from The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet is Killing Our Culture *Amit Ray and Erhardt Graeff, from Reviewing the Author-Function in the Age of Wikipedia *Darren Crovitz and W. Scott Smoot, from Wikipedia: Friend, Not Foe *Jakob Voss, from Measuring Wikipedia *Roy Rosenzweig, from Can History Be Open Source? Wikipedia and the Future of the Past *Noam Cohen, from A History Department Bans Citing Wikipedia As a Research Source *Adam Tornes, from Wikipedia: Encyclopedia or Karma Sutra? Exercise 31: Comparing Sources 300 Killed By Fire (The New York Times) Catastrophe: Boston's Worst (Time Magazine) Bernard Devoto, The Easy Chair

9. WRITING THE RESEARCH ESSAYSAVING INFORMATIONTAKING NOTES Exercise 32: Taking Notes on Two Topics Exercise 33: Taking Notes on Three Topics *Janet M. Davis, from The Circus Age: Culture and Society Under the American Big Top DEVELOPING A LIST OF TOPICSPLANNING A STRATEGYARRANGING THE ORDER OF TOPICS: OUTLINING COMPLETING YOUR OUTLINEWRITING INTEGRATED PARAGRAPHSACCOMMODATING ARGUMENT IN YOUR PARAGRAPHSPRESENTING ARGUMENTS FAIRLYINTEGRATING YOUR SOURCES: RECRUITING IN COLLEGE ATHLETICSWRITING AN INTRODUCTION USING VISUALS AS SOURCES Assignment 10: Organizing and Writing the Research Essay