In this concluding and summarising chapter, the theoretical and empirical findings presented in the various papers are brought together, and the discussions which took place in the working group are recapitulated and examined with regard to the rote of urban and regional planning in steering in particular the spatial concentration of poor and socially disadvantaged members of society. In this context, special attention is placed an the scope for steering and control provided by urban renewal programmes, which can be subsumed under the heading 'neighbourhood management' and are currently the subject of critical discussion in a number of European countries ('area-based initiatives' in the United Kingdom; 'grote steten beleid' in the Netherlands; the 'social city' programme in Germany; or the 'contrat de villes' in France). The chapter closes with an analysis of the potential of 'new social milieu' locations and of creative networks against the background of the question of how to improve the scope for strengthening local civil society in urban neighbourhoods.