Yellow-throated Toucan (Ramphastos ambiguus) - HBW 7, p. 271

Taxonomy:Ramphastos ambiguus Swainson, 1823, no locality = Buenavista, Colombia. No close relatives. Fairly close to R. tucanus, but probably not forming a superspecies; these two constitute the so-called “yelping group” of toucans. Long considered to include R. brevis as race, but they are now generally accepted as distinct species, with different vocalizations. Race swainsonii often treated as a distinct species, but resembles nominate in behaviour, voice and morphology, and they apparently interbred in former contact zone in Colombia (lower Cauca Valley); species treatment of swainsonii presumably based largely on its sympatry with R... View all taxonomy...

Taxonomy: Ramphastos ambiguus Swainson, 1823, no locality = Buenavista, Colombia. No close relatives. Fairly close to R. tucanus, but probably not forming a superspecies; these two constitute the so-called “yelping group” of toucans. Long considered to include R. brevis as race, but they are now generally accepted as distinct species, with different vocalizations. Race swainsonii often treated as a distinct species, but resembles nominate in behaviour, voice and morphology, and they apparently interbred in former contact zone in Colombia (lower Cauca Valley); species treatment of swainsonii presumably based largely on its sympatry with R. brevis, when this form was thought to belong within present species. Other described forms include innominatus from Colombia, a synonym of nominate ambiguus, and tocard and tocardus, which are synonyms of swainsonii. Three subspecies recognized.