As of 2001[update] India census,[2] Dergaon had a population of 13,364. Males constitute 56% of the population and females 44%. Dergaon has an average literacy rate of 85%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 88% and, female literacy is 81%. In Dergaon, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Dergaon is part of Kaliabor (Lok Sabha constituency).[3] Dergaon is a constituency in the 126 member Assam legislative assembly. It is reserved for scheduled caste candidates. The present MLA is Aroti Hazarika Kachari of Indian National Congress (INC).

Dergaon is very well connected by roadways to all the places of Assam. The National Highway 37 (India) passes through Dergaon. Baruah Bamun Gaon railway station is the closest railway station of Dergaon. The nearest airport is Jorhat Airport.

DKD College (website), Police Training College (website) and Dergaon Higher Secondary School are some of the oldest educational institutions in Dergaon. Started in 1908, Dergaon Higher Secondary School has recently observed its 100's anniversary. Besides these, the Girls' H.S. School, Indrani Devi High School and Shishu Bharti High School has also given much importance on the all-round development of the students of this town. Don Bosco High School, established in 1995, had the first result of HSLC in 2007.Shankardev Shishu Niketan,Dergaon, pioneer in assamese medium for private sector schools,is also significant for its good education, brilliant results and co-curricular activities.[4]