Roll in banking direction, with nose of aircraft pointing at point on horizon

8Basic Slow Roll

Process

As barrel roll, but slower

Pilot must keep nose on horizon

Smooth and gentle of controls

Steady and slow roll

9Basic Stall turn

Only manoeuvre in yawing axis

Process

Nose up to 90 from horizontal, decreasing speed

Before wing stalls (zero lift, zero speed) apply rudder

Aircraft falls sideways until nose is pointing down

Speed increases, round out at the bottom

10Advanced Roll of the top

Process

½ Loop followed by Barrel or Slow roll at top

11Advanced Half roll pull through

Process

Barrel or Slow roll followed by second half of ½ Loop

12Advanced Upward roll

Process

Raise speed by dropping nose

Pull up vertically

Roll, keeping wings straight

Often ends with stall turn

13Advanced Aileron Turn

Process

As half roll pull through, but roll ours when vertically downward

14Advanced Derry turn

Process

As half roll pull through, but roll ours when vertically downward

15Advanced Vertical eight

Process

As half roll pull through, but roll ours when vertically downward

Care must be taken not to exceed Speed G limits

16Advanced Horizontal eight

Process

As horizontal version of vertical eight

17Advanced Hesitation roll

Process

Either a 4 or 8 point roll, stopping briefly every 45 or 90

18Advanced Inverted Flight

Process

Few aircraft are permitted to fly inverted for prolonged periods of time

Airframes can manage more ve than ve G forces

Inverted flight inverts the pitch controls

Lift decrease and stalling speed increases

High angle of attack 19Formation Flying

Ordered arrangement of 2 or more aircraft proceeding as an element

Leader is termed an No 1 and is responsible for briefing safety of all aircraft in the formation.

No 1 is the only pilot who looks at instruments, all others watch follow No 1 at ALL TIMES

Two categories of formation flying

Close formation take off, cloud formation, display air shows, landing

Tactical formation used for tactical combat operations

20Formation Flying Leadership

Close formation flying is dependant on the leadership of No 1

No 1 commands the formation, its security, tactics, exercises safe return to base

No 1 must brief a Deputy in case of emergency

Several sections can form up under the leadership of 1 section

21Formation Flying Vic Echelon Line Astern

Vic echelon Positions between aircraft are fixed by a reference point e.g. Wing tip

Try to keep smoothness in formation with all in line

VicEchelon 22Formation Flying Line abreast, line astern Box

Distance stations kept by reference to cockpit size

In line astern relative distance is used

Line abreastLine AsternBox 23Close formation techniques

Relative speed the only method of judging speed is using the Air Speed Indicator (ASI)

Apparent size using the size of objects to judge distance 6 miles to 3 miles isnt obvious, but 1 mile to ½ mile is.

Distance Tendency to underestimate, comes with practise experience

24Joining Formations

Does as quickly as possible to save time fuel

No 1 flies straight level for 1 mile, allowing others to catch up

No 2 then join on a slow turn, remaining on starboard side of No 1 2 3 will swap

No 1 flies at cruising speed allows others to catch up by aiming on collision course, then slowing into position

25Station changes

Changes are always small smooth

Longitudinal changes use throttle elevators

Lateral changes use ailerons

Vertical changes use elevators

A clean aircraft

Accelerates quickly

Decelerates slowly

Acceleration is often poor at low speed in jet aircraft

26Questions? 27Check of Understanding

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