He received his doctorate in philosophy and medicine at Ferrara, probably in the late 1540's. I assume a B.A. or its equivalent.

5. Religion

Affiliation: Catholic

6. Scientific Disciplines

Primary: Anatomy, Physiology

Subordinate: Medicine, Embryology

His works include In librum Galeni de humoribus commentarii (1556), which contained his translation of Galen's De humoribus, and Anatomicae praelectiones (Rome, 1586), his course of anatomical lectures. To his anatomical descriptions he added pathological observations. Anatomical description was less important in his work than physiological theory was, theory drawn from Galen, Aristotle, and neoplatonims.

His Praelectiones contain a long dissertation on generation.

7. Means of Support

Primary: Patronage, Academia

Secondary: Government

After he received his degree he taught philosophy at the University of Bordeaux.

About 1557, under the patronage of Bishop Michele della Torre, the Papal nunzio to France, he went to Rome, where he was named physician to Pope Pius IV (1559-65). (Marini states that he was physician to Paul IV in 1557.) He retained this position until his death, serving in turn Pius V, Gregory XIII, and Sixtus V. Della Torre, who was elevated to the status of cardinal about 1657, continued to be a protector of Piccolomini.

In 1575 he was given the chair in medical practice at the Sapienza, with a combined salary of 400 scudi.

In 1582 he became general protomedicus for the Papal States.

8. Patronage

Type: Eccesiastic Official

In 1556 he dedicated his first work to Bishop Michele della Torre, the papal nunzio in France. Under the Bishop's patronage he went to Rome.

In was physician in turn to Popes Paul IV, Pius IV, Pius V, Gregory XIII, and Sixtus V. He dedicated his Praelectiones to Sixtus.

9. Technological Involvement

Type: Medical Practice

10. Scientific Societies

Membership: Medical College

A member of the Medical College of Rome. Protofisico of the College in 1580.