Mrs. Annie Besant, an Irish lady
was a very active member of Theosophical Society in India.

Due to the efforts of Ishwar
Chandra Vidyasagar, in 1856, the Widow Remarriage Act was legislated.

The slogan of ‘Inkalab Zindabad’
was given by Mohammad Iqbal.

Sir Saiyyad Ahmad Khan founded the
Anglo Oriental College at Aligarh in 1877 which later became known as Aligarh
Muslim University.

Haji Shariatullah was the
initiator of Faryaz movement.

In Maharashtra the Bharat Sewak
Samaj was started by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

In 1922 Amrit Lal Viththal Das
established the Bheel Sewa Mandal.

Jyoti Ba Phule was the champion of
widowremarriage in Maharashtra.

In 1911 Narayan Maltar Joshi
organised the Social Service League, a society to solve the social problems. He
was assisted by some educated Indians.

Avanindra Nath Thakur founded the
society known as—The Indian Society of Oriental Art.

In the 19th century, the famous
Bengali author Bankim Chandra Chatterjee composed the song— Vande Matram.

In 1875, Sisir Kumar Ghose founded
the India League.

The Indian Association founded by
Surendra Nath Banerjee was replaced by the Indian League in 1876.

The credit for founding the Indian
National Congress in 1885 goes to an English officer, Allen Octavian Hume.

The first Conference of the Indian
National Congress was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay under
the chairmanship of W. C. Banerjee.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak started Ganesh
Mahotsav in 1893 and Shivaji Samaroh in 1895.

Pandit Jugal Kishore published the
first newspaper of India—Udant Martand. It was a paper which gave top priority
to Indian interests.

During Lord Curzon’s time in 1905,
Bengal was divided.

In 1911, in Lord Hardinge’s time,
the partition of Bengal was cancelled.

Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajeet Singh
were exiled to Burma in 1907.

In 1911 the capital of India was
shifted to Delhi from Calcutta.

On Nov. 1913, the Ghadar Party was
founded at Sanfransisco city of America by the great revolutionary of Punjab
named Lala Hardayal.

Kashi Ram and Hardayal were the
active members of the Ghadar Party.

In 1906, Agha Khan founded the All
India Muslim League.

In 1916, a pact was signed between
Muslim League and Congress which is known in history as the Lucknow Pact.

In 1916 Bal Gangadhar Tilak
established the Home Rule League of India.

After Lucknow Pact, Congress and
League presented the plan of political reforms based on separate electoral
regions. This pact led to an increase in communalism.

In 1914 Annie Besant brought out a
newspaper in English named ‘New India’.

Gandhiji established the Sabarmati
Ashram in Ahmedabad.

On 30 March, 1919, Satyagraha Day
was observed in whole of India. The Satyagraha was peaceful at all places
except Punjab and Delhi.

Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin,
the leaders of the Punjab Satyagraha were imprisoned. In protest, a meeting was
organized at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar . The people who assembled here were
gunned down. This is known as ‘Jalhianwalla bagh Massacre’ of April 1919.

After the world war I, the Indian
Muslims were excited due to the treatment meted out to Caliph by the British in
Turkey. In 1919 they started the Khilafat movement under the leadership of
Maulana Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali.

The Congress joined the Muslims in
Khilafat movement. On 31 August, 1919, the Khilafat Day was observed.

Mahatma Gandhi launched the
Non-cooperation Mass Movement in 1920-21. But violence broke out at Chauri
Chaura then in Gorakhpur district which saddened Gandhiji. In February 1922 he
announced the closure of the movement.

In March 1922 Motilal Nehru and
Deshbandhu Chitranjan Das established the Swaraj Party.

In the elections of 1923 the
Swaraj Party scored 40 seats out of 148.

In 1927 the Bardoli Satyagraha was
conducted by Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel.

In 1928 under the chairmanship of
Sir John Simon a Commission came to India to inspect the administrative work.
The Indians boycotted it as no Indian was a member of the Commission. In March
1928 the Commission went back.

In the 1929 Lahore Congress
session held under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru, the meaning of Swaraj
was declared as total independence.

In 1930 Gandhiji broke the Salt
laws by his Dandi March and he started the Civil Disobedience movement.

In 1930, the Congress boycotted
the first Round Table Conference.

In 1931, after Gandhi-Irwin pact
Gandhiji went to attend the second Round Table Conference along with the
members of Muslim League.

In the third Round table
conference in 1932, Congress did not send any representative. Only 46 members
went to participate under different categories.

The meeting of the Executive of
Congress held on 1 January, 1932 decided to again start the Civil Disobedience
Movement due to the completely negative attitude of the Government.

The Government of India Act of
1935 had 312 articles and 19 enclosures.

In 1935, the British provinces
were 11 e.g., Madras, Bombay, Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Orissa, Central Provinces,
Assam, North West Frontier Provinces, United Provinces and Sindh.

The Government of India Act of
1935, the subjects were divided into three departments—Federal, Provincial and
Concurrent.

This Act divided the British
provinces of India in two categories. 11 were the provinces under the Governor
and 5 provinces were under Lieutenant Commissioners.

The Govt. of India Act, 1935,
proposed Federal system and Provincial autonomy. The plan of Federal system
could not be implemented. The elections for the Provincial legislative Councils
were held in the January-February of 1937.

The Congress won majority in 5
provinces—Madras, United Provinces, Central Provinces, Bihar and Orissa in the
general election of 1937.

In Punjab, the Unionist Party and
Muslim League jointly formed the Government. This Government worked without any
obstruction till 1947.

In Bengal the Krishak Praja Party
and the Muslim League jointly formed the Government. Its Cabinet worked till 14
August, 1947. Sikandar Hayaat Khan was the head of this Government.

The Congress Cabinets worked from
1937 to 1939.

In 1934, the members of Congress
Executive, Acharya Narendra Dev, Jai Prakash and Achyut Patvardhan organized
the Congress Socialist Party.

In the Haripura session of the
Congress (1938), S. C. Bose was unanimously elected the President.