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Thursday, May 17, 2012

You have heard this enough – ‘it is a disorder and
not a disability and India
has become the Capital of it’. It is ‘Diabetes mellitus’ or simply
Diabetes [commonly told as sugar disease] - a group of metabolic diseases
in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not
produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is
produced. It is a chronic disease that arises when the pancreas does not
produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it
produces. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that enables cells to
take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy. Failure to produce
insulin, or of insulin to act properly, or both, leads to raised glucose
(sugar) levels in the blood (hyperglycaemia). This is associated with long-term
damage to the body and failure of various organs and tissues.

Earlier, it was believed that diabetes
/ heart diseases tend to afflict rich because of their sedentary lifestyle –
total myth – factually, many poor men do not care to have themselves tested to
know their real condition.

The situation is alarming in someways.
Recently, over 120 world leaders from the UN, governments,
private sector and NGOs have released a blueprint for action around the
diabetes epidemic. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that
unless rapid action is taken, one person in ten will have diabetes by
2030. The Dubai Blueprint, a product of IDF’s World Diabetes
Congress in Dubai,
is the first concrete step taken collectively by the private sector to tackle
diabetes since the UN Summit on Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) last
September.

The Western World is seen as advanced one and
there are developing and under-developed countries. UN data recently
released shows the clearest evidence to date of the spread of chronic diseases
like diabetes and heart disease to Africa,
indicative of the fact of spread of 'Western' problems from developed
nations to poorer regions. The United Nations data showed one in three
adults worldwide has raised blood pressure - the cause of around half of all
deaths from stroke and heart disease. Sadly, poor diets that have fed the
spread of heart disease and diabetes and let to an explosion in obesity in the
West are now being found in Africa

The condition now affects almost half the adult
population in some countries in Africa.
Billions are spent on treating the disease and in preventing the risks of of
heart disease, kidney failure and blindness. The WHO report further puts
that almost 80 per cent of deaths from such diseases now occur in low-
and middle-income countries. In Africa,
rising smoking rates, a shift towards Western-style diets and less exercise
mean chronic or so-called non-communicable diseases are rising rapidly and are
expected to surpass other diseases as the most common killers by 2020.

In wealthy countries, widespread diagnosis and
treatment with low-cost drugs have significantly reduced average blood pressure
readings across populations - and this has contributed to a reduction in deaths
from heart disease, the WHO said. But in Africa,
more than 40 per cent - and in some places up to 50 per cent - of adults in
many countries are estimated to have high blood pressure. Sadly, most
of these people remain undiagnosed, the report said, and yet many could
be treated with inexpensive medicines - an intervention that would cut the risk
of death and disability from heart disease and stroke. Obesity is another
major issue, the WHO said. The WHO's World Health Statistics report
is published annually and contains data from 194 countries on a range of health
indicators including life expectancy, illnesses and deaths from various
diseases, health services, treatments, and risk factors or behaviours that
affect health. [with inputs on WHO from www.dailymail.co.uk/]

There is something known as Diabetes Atlas and its
5th edition was released in Nov 2011. New figures indicate
that the number of people living with diabetes is expected to rise from 366 million
in 2011 to 552 million by 2030, if no urgent action is taken. This equates to
approximately three new cases every ten seconds or almost ten million per year.
IDF also estimates that as many as 183 million people are unaware that they
have diabetes. The statistics highlight that 80% of people with diabetes
live in low and middle income countries; 78,000 children develop type 1
diabetes every year

----- and China
has overtaken India
to wrest the title of the ‘Diabetes Capital of the World', going by the
figures revealed by the 5th edition of Diabetes Atlas. At
90.0 million, China
has the largest number of people with diabetes. India
follows with about 61.3 million, and the third on the list is far behind – United
States at 23.7
million.

These figures are at a huge variance
from the statistics presented during the earlier edition of the Diabetes Atlas.
In 2009, the fourth edition put India
at the top of the list of nations with diabetics.

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