Common Bases:

Types of Acids and Bases:

Types of Acids and Bases In the 1800’s chemical concepts were based on the reactions of aqueous solutions. Svante Arrhenius developed a concept of acids and bases relevant to reactions in H 2 O. Arrhenius acid – produces hydrogen ions in water. Arrhenius base – produce hydroxide ions in water.

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A broader ,more modern concept of acids and bases was developed later. Bronsted-Lowry acid- donates a hydrogen ion in a reaction. Bronsted – Lowry base – accepts a hydrogen in a reaction.

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Conjugate acid- compound formed when an base gains a hydrogen ion. Conjugate base – compound formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion.

Acid Rain:

Acid Rain Pollution in the air (sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide) combines with water to form various acids. .

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Rapid changes in pH can kill fish and other organisms in lakes and streams. Soil pH is affected and can kill plants and create sinkholes

What is a SALT?:

What is a SALT? A salt is a neutral substance produced from the reaction of an acid and a base. Composed of the negative ion of an acid and the positive ion of a base. One of the products of a Neutralization Reaction Examples: KCl, MgSO 4 , Na 3 PO 4

Neutralization Reaction :

Digestion and pH:

Digestion and pH Digestion-process by which foods are broken down into simpler substances. Mechanical digestion-physical process in which food is torn apart (mouth) Chemical digestion- chemical reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. (stomach and small intestines)

pH in the Digestive System:

pH in the Digestive System Mouth-pH around 7. Saliva contains amylase, an enzyme which begins to break carbohydrates into sugars. Stomach- pH around 2. Proteins are broken down into amino acids by the enzyme pepsin. Small intestine-pH around 8. Most digestion ends. Small molecules move to bloodstream toward cells that use them

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mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine Digestive system