They will allow students to learn how to examine the mouth safely and check for disease.

Made from synthetic gels and fibres, the tongue and gums vary in hardness to mimic living tissue while the teeth and jaw bones are made from bone-simulating resin.

A realistic learning experience

Reader and honorary consultant in clinical periodontology at the University of Birmingham Dr Michael Milward said: ‘These models meet an unmet need in dental education and will allow us to better prepare our students for clinical work.

‘The feedback we have received from students and staff has been extremely positive and the final version has already been introduced into undergraduate teaching.

‘While some models are commercially available, no models combine the replica hard and soft tissues in this way to provide a realistic learning experience.

‘These developments provide a major step forward in dental education both for dental students and for the retraining of the dental workforce, ultimately benefitting our patients.

‘We aim to work closely with our colleague at Nottingham Trent University to further enhance the models to allow our students to develop additional clinical skills.”

Mr Arm, of the Advanced Textiles Research Group at NTU’s school of art and design, added: ‘The aim is to give students the psychological experience of how it feels to perform real dentistry, but in a safe learning environment.

‘These realistic models will allow students to learn the tactile skills of how to examine the gums and teeth, before examining their first patients.

‘Until now current dental models haven’t provided a realistic enough experience for students and the inclusion of a tongue will mimic the challenge which dentists face and better prepare them for their first clinic.’

Students and staff from the University of Birmingham’s School of Dentistry have provided feedback on prototype dental training models to inform the final design.