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3.
The problem:
traditional copyright
does not work well for
sharing and free online
collaboration.

4.
• It’s in the Constitution!
• “To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts,
by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors
the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and
Discoveries.”
• attaches when an “original work of authorship is ﬁxed in
a tangible medium of expression”
• applies to published/unpublished works; you get it
automatically (no registration or marking required)
• in U.S., lasts for life of author + 70 years
• “bundle of rights” = reproduce, make derivative works,
distribute, public performance
Features of copyright today

5.
• You have to ask permission
• Copyright infringement can be expensive (in U.S.
$750-$150,000/work infringed)
• Safety valves on exclusive rights of authors =
exceptions and limitations to copyright
• Fair use
• Federal government works not protected
• Libraries, classroom teaching exception
Features of copyright today

6.
• Public domain = not protected by copyright
• Copyright = “all rights reserved”; Public domain
= “no rights reserved”
• Don’t have to ask permission!
• in U.S., stuff that was published before 1923
• Facts not protected
• copyrighted works rise into the public domain
after copyright term expires or when author
puts it there beforehand
Features of copyright today

15.
CC licenses build on
traditional copyright
• CC works within the existing system by allowing
movement from “All Rights Reserved” to “Some
Rights Reserved”
• CC improves copyright by giving creators a
choice about which freedoms to grant and which
rights to keep
• CC minimizes transaction costs by granting the
public certain permissions beforehand.

24.
Important License Attributes
• All are non-exclusive, irrevocable public licenses
• All require attribution
• All permit reuse for at least noncommercial
purposes in unmodiﬁed form
• Do not contract away any user rights
(exceptions/limitations)
• CC licensor enters into a separate license
agreement with each user

25.
Important License Attributes
• License runs with the work, recipient may not
apply technological measures or conditions that
limit another recipients rights under the license,
e.g. no DRM
• No warranties
• License terminates immediately upon breach
• CC is not a party to the license

38.
Thank you very much!
Questions? tvol@creativecommons.org
This work is dedicated to the public domain.
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/.
Attribution is optional, but if desired, please attribute to
Creative Commons.
Some content such as screenshots may appear here under
exceptions to copyright and trademark law such as fair use,
and may not be covered by CC0.