Waspmote - Wireless Sensor Networks Open Source Platform

Waspmote is an open source wireless sensor platform specially focused on the implementation of low consumption modes to allow the sensor nodes ("motes") to be completely autonomous and battery powered, offering a variable lifetime between 1 and 5 years depending on the duty cycle and the radio used. Let's know more about how Waspmote was born.

It all started 8 years ago since Cooking Hacks - Libelium open hardware division- designed the famous "Arduino XBee Shield" in collaboration with the Arduino Team and gave it to community as the first open hardware shield for Arduino (2007). Our idea was to create wireless sensor networks with Arduino + XBee (already 8 years ago!). However, Arduino couldn't fit the Libelium's corporate customers requirements due to two main reasons. On the one hand it is the consumption: the 5V-3.3V regulator can not be turned off and thus it is not possible to implement a sleep mode. As a result, a constant consumption of 50mA discharges any battery load within a few days or even hours. On the other hand the platform needed to be radio certified as the nodes are meant to be deployed in real scenarios like cities, factories, houses, etc. For this reason we needed a platform ready for the three main certification requirements: CE (Europe), FCC (US) and IC (Canada).

In order to meet the above requirements we decided to create a new device specially designed to work with low consumption modes and with a completely modular philosophy and that is how Waspmote was born. In the creation of Waspmote as well as the Libelium team composed by David GascĂłn, Marcos Yarza, and Alberto Bielsa, took part David Cuartielles (in his role of freelance researcher) in order to ensure compatibility with the Arduino programming environment (IDE), allowing Arduino Community use Waspmote in the same way.

Waspmote was officially released in 2009, and two years later there was a growing Community of Developers using it as a standard platform for the Internet of Things. Besides its outstanding technical features, they like its horizontal, modular and Open Source approach. Now, we want to extend this platform to our Cooking Hacks followers by distributing different Development Kits, so that anyone can try it.

IMPORTANT: Now, we want to allow the Makers to use their own configuration over this platform, so we have added the entire catalogue for this OEM solution. You will be free to configure your own network with the Waspmote boards and sensors you need.

1. Hardware

Modular Architecture

Waspmote is based on a modular architecture. The idea is to integrate only the modules needed in each device optimizing costs. For this reason all the modules (radios, sensor boards, etc) plug in Waspmote through sockets.

The modules available for integration in Waspmote are categorised in:

ZigBee/802.15.4 modules (2.4GHz, 868MHz, 900MHz)

LoRaWAN modules (868, 900-915 and 433 MHz bands)

LoRa module (868 and 900-915 MHz bands)

Sigfox module (868 MHz band)

GSM - 3G/GPRS Module (Europe and America/Australia versions)

Sensor Modules (Sensor boards)

Storage Module: SD Memory Card

GPS location

Specifications

New Waspmote in 2013

The first version of Waspmote (v1.1) was released in 2009. Since then, more than 2000 developers have been using the platform, and we have received many suggestions and possible improvements

We have carefully listened to all of them and modified both the Waspmote API and Hardware in order to include all these ideas. The result will be launched in February 2013 with the name of Waspmote PRO (v1.2).

Talking about hardware, there are many improvements: Waspmote has no jumpers now, the connections are more robust, the code upload is much quicker now, there is no need of a coin battery... and it is possible to upload code with the XBee radio plugged!

The API is more robust and easier to use now. Besides, we have a huge amount of examples and improved programming guides to help the user to have a quicker development.

2. Low Consumption Modes

Waspmote counts with 2 sleep modes, Deep Sleep and Hibernate:

The consumption in Deep Sleep mode is 55ÂľA. Sensors may generate an interruption to wake the main microcontroller up when the value read goes above or below a pre-programed threshold. The device is completely slept and the sensors powered. Values of the sensor thresholds are controlled by software via digital potentiometers (digipots).

In Hibernate, the consumption is only 0.7ÂľA. All systems are switched off to ensure minimum consumption. Waspmote will be woken up by an alarm from the internal clock.

Using this mode, lifetime of each node may vary from 1 to 5 years depending on the duty cycle and the battery capacity. Although the lifetime can be extended indefinitely connecting a solar panel in the dedicated socket on the board.

3. Sensors

Waspmote counts with a triple axis accelerometer soldered on board and more than 80 sensors already integrated through specific sensor shields which are plugged on top the main core board. The idea is to make easy the integration and usage of complex sensors which need special electronic systems in order to work.

VIDEO CAMERA

Take pictures and record videos for security, surveillance and military deployments

SENSORS

Camera

Luminosity

Infra-Red (IR)

Presence (PIR)

RADIATION

APPLICATIONS

Monitor the radiation levels wirelessly without comprising the life of the security forces

Create prevention and control radiation networks in the surroundings of a nuclear plant

Measure the amount of Beta and Gamma radiation in specific areas autonomously

SENSORS

Geiger tube [β, γ] (Beta and Gamma)

PROTOTYPING SENSOR

APPLICATIONS

Prepared for the integration of any kind of sensor

Pad Area

Integrated Circuit Area

Analog-to-Digital Converter (16b)

4. Communication modules

There are 17 different wireless interfaces for Waspmote including long range (3G / GPRS / LoRaWAN / LoRa / Sigfox / 868 / 900MHz), medium range (ZigBee / 802.15.4 / WiFi) and short range (RFID / NFC / Bluetooth 4.0). They can be used solely or in combination of two by using the Expansion Radio Board.

The idea was to use the same XBee type socket in order to make all them compatible, so we designed new radio modules (like Wifi, Bluetooth and NFC) to use the same sockets as the original XBee radios. This way all of them connect to Waspmote through the same socket, so now you can choose the one you need for your application when you buy it and change it later by any other just unplugging the old and plugging the new one.

5. Industrial Protocols

The set of Industrial Protocol modules for Waspmote allows the user to interface with different industrial buses:

Waspmote allows to perform three main applications:

1Âş- Connect any sensor to an existing industrial bus

Waspmote can be configured to work as a node in the network, inserting sensor data into the industrial bus already present. Waspmote can obtain information from more than 70 sensors currently integrated in the platform by using specific sensor boards (e.g: CO, CO2, temperature, humidity, acceleration, pH, IR, luminosity, vibration, etc). This way, the sensor information can be read from any industrial device connected to the bus.

2Âş- Add wireless connectivity to wired buses

Waspmote can be configured to read the information coming from the bus and send it wirelessly using any of the wireless modules available in the platform to a base station or to another node connected to another bus. The available wireless technologies are: WiFi, 3G, GPRS, 802.15.4, ZigBee, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy, RF-868MHz, RF-900MHz, Sigfox and LoRa.

3Âş- Connect to the Cloud industrial devices

Waspmote can be configured to read the information coming from the bus and send it wirelessly directly to the Cloud using WiFi, 3G and GPRS radio interfaces.

6. Expansion Radio Board

Waspmote may have two radios at the same time connected when using the Expansion Radio Board allowing the creation of bridges among different networks such as ZigBee and Wifi, Wifi and 3G/GPRS, RFID and Bluetooth, etc

Some of the applications that allows the Expansion Radio Board are

LoRaWAN-GPRS

Multifrequency ZigBee Sensor Networks (2.4GHz - 868/900MHz)

Sigfox - ZigBee hybrid networks

NFC (RFID) applications + 3G/GPRS to the Cloud

NFC (RFID) applications + Wifi to the Cloud

ZigBee - Wifi hybrid network

7. Over the Air Programming (OTAP)

Waspmote is intended to be used in large wireless sensor networks deployments where hundreds of nodes are installed in real scenarios. For this reason we have developed Over the Air Programming (OTAP) capabilities in order to make easy the maintenance of the network. OTA allows to upgrade the firmware of the nodes (reprogramming the entire flash memory) by sending the program wirelessly (for example using 802.15.4 or ZigBee).

With OTA you can reprogram a specific node (Unicast mode), several nodes (Multicast mode) or the whole network (Broadcast mode) in just one step.

8. 6LoWPAN / IPv6 Connectivity

IBM and Libelium have joined efforts to offer a unique IPv6 development platform for sensor networks and the Internet of Things (IoT). By integrating the IBM Mote Runner SDK on top of Libelium Waspmote sensor platform we get a unique and powerful tool for developers and researchers interested in 6LoWPAN / IPv6 connectivity for the Internet of Things.

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Features of the new Waspmote Mote Runner - 6LoWPAN Development Platform:

Get IPv6 connectivity in each node

6LoWPAN stack source code available

Program the nodes in Java and C#

More than 60 sensors available to be used "off the self"

Simulate thousand of motes working in the same network

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6LoWPAN is an acronym of IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network. This protocol offers encapsulation and header compression mechanisms that allow IPv6 packets to be sent to and received from over IEEE 802.15.4 based networks.

Node Types

End Node: These nodes have sensors integrated and are used to gather the information and send to the GW. They create a mesh network among them, forwarding the packets of other nodes in order to make the information reach the GW. Each End Node is equipped with a 6LoWPAN radio, sensors and a battery.

Gateway (GW): This node takes the information sent by the End Nodes and send it to the Tunnelling server by using the Ethernet IPv4 interface. Each GW Node is equipped with a 6LoWPAN radio and a Ethernet interface and a battery.

End Node

Gateway (GW)

Network Topology

In the diagram below we can see how the Waspmote Mote Runner 6LoWPAN / IPv6 Network works.

1. The sensor nodes uses the 6LoWPAN protocol over the 802.15.4 link layer to create a mesh network which interconnects any device in the network with the Gateway (GW).

2. Once the GW takes the 6LoWPAN packets, it change the IP header to IPv4 while keeping the UDP transport layer

3. Then it sends the information to the IPv4 / IPv6 Tunneling machine which will change header to a the proper IPv6 format and will send the information to IPv6 Servers located on the Internet, where users are connected.

* The GW and the Tunneling Machine are intended to be a single device. Libelium and IBM are currently working on this.

Buy 6LoWPAN Development Kits

9. High Capacity Storage

Waspmote implements internally a FAT16 file system which allows it to work with SD cards up to 2GB. To get an idea of the capacity of information that can be stored in a 2GB card, simply divide its size by the average for what a sensor frame in Waspmote usually occupies (approx. 100 Bytes):

2GB/100B = 20 million measurements

10. The Waspmote Enclosure Line: "Plug & Sense!"

10.1 Waspmote VS Waspmote Plug & Sense!

Waspmote is the original line in which developers have a total control over the hardware device. You can physically access to the board and connect new sensors or even embed it in your own products as an electronic sensor device.

The new Waspmote Plug & Sense! line allows developers to forget about electronics and focus on services and applications. Now you can deploy wireless sensor networks in an easy and scalable way ensuring minimum maintenance costs. The new platform consists of a robust waterproof enclosure with specific external sockets to connect the sensors, the solar panel, the antenna and even the USB cable in order to reprogram the node. It has been specially designed to be scalable, easy to deploy and maintain.

10.2.2 Sensor Probes

Sensor probes can be easily attached by just screwing them into the bottom sockets. This allows you to add new sensing capabilities to existing networks just in minutes. In the same way, sensor probes may be easily replaced in order to ensure the lowest maintenance cost of the sensor network.

10.2.3 Solar Powered

Battery can be recharged using the internal or external solar panel options.

The external solar panel is mounted on a 45Âş holder which ensures the maximum performance of each outdoor installation.

For the internal option, the solar panel is embedded on the front of the enclosure, perfect for use where space is a major challenge.

10.2.4 Programming the Nodes

Waspmote Plug & Sense! can be reprogrammed in two ways:

The basic programming is done from the USB port. Just connect the USB to the specific external socket and then to the computer to upload the new firmware.

Over the Air Programming is also possible once the node has been installed. With this technique you can reprogram wirelessly one or more Waspmote sensor nodes at the same time by using a laptop and the Waspmote Gateway.

10.2.6 Program in minutes

In order to program the nodes an intuitive graphic interface has been developed. Developers just need to fill a web form in order to obtain the complete source code for the sensor nodes. This means the complete program for an specific application can be generated just in minutes. Check the Code Generator to see how easy it is at:

10.2.7 Data to the Cloud

The Sensor data gathered by the Waspmote Plug & Sense! nodes is sent to the Cloud by Meshlium , the Gateway router specially designed to connect Waspmote sensor networks to the Internet via Ethernet, WiFi and 3G interfaces.

Thanks to Meshliumâs new feature, the Sensor Parser, now it is easier to receive any frame, parse it and store the data into a local or external Data Base.

Each model takes a different conditioning circuit to enable the sensor integration. For this reason each model allows to connect just its specific sensors.

This section describes each model configuration in detail, showing the sensors which can be used in each case and how to connect them to Waspmote. In many cases, the sensor sockets accept the connection of more than one sensor probe. See the compatibility table for each model configuration to choose the best probe combination for the application.

It is very important to remark that each socket is designed only for one specific sensor, so they are not interchangeable. Always be sure you connected probes in the right socket, otherwise they can be damaged.

10.2.8.1 Smart Environment

Smart Environment model is designed to monitor environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and some types of gases. The main applications for this Waspmote Plug & Sense! configuration are city pollution measurement, emissions from farms and hatcheries, control of chemical and industrial processes, forest fires, etc. Sensors are calibrated for more accurate measurements. Go to the Applications section in the Libelium website for a complete list of services.

Sensor sockets are configured as shown in the figure below.

Sensor Socket

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter

Reference

A

Temperature

9203

Carbon monoxide - CO

9229

Methane - CH4

9232

Ammonia â NH3

9233

Liquefied Petroleum Gases: H2, CH4, ethanol, isobutene

9234

Air pollutants 1: C4H10, CH3CH2OH, H2, CO, CH4

9235

Air pollutants 2: C6H5CH3, H2S, CH3CH2OH, NH3, H2

9236

Alcohol derivates: CH3CH2OH, H2,C4H10, CO, CH4

9237

B

Humidity

9204

Atmospheric pressure

9250

C

Carbon dioxide - CO2

9230

D

Nitrogen dioxide - NO2

9238, 9238-B

E

Ozone - O3

9258, 9258-B

Hydrocarbons - VOC

9201, 9201-B

Oxygen - O2

9231

F

Carbon monoxide - CO

9229

Methane - CH4

9232

Ammonia â NH3

9233

Liquefied Petroleum Gases: H2, CH4, ethanol, isobutene

9234

Air pollutants 1: C4H10, CH3CH2OH, H2, CO, CH4

9235

Air pollutants 2: C6H5CH3, H2S, CH3CH2OH, NH3, H2

9236

Alcohol derivates: CH3CH2OH, H2,C4H10, CO, CH4

9237

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

10.2.8.2 Smart Environment PRO

The Smart Environment PRO model has been created as an evolution of Smart Environment. It enables the user to implement pollution, air quality, industrial, environmental or farming projects with high requirements in terms of high accuracy, reliability and measurement range as the sensors come calibrated from factory.

Sensor sockets are configured as shown in the figure below.

Sensor Socket

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter

Reference

A,B,C and F

Carbon Monoxide (CO) [Calibrated]

9371-P

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) [Calibrated]

9372-P

Oxygen (O2) [Calibrated]

9373-P

Ozone (O3) [Calibrated]

9374-P

Nitric Oxide (NO) [Calibrated]

9375-P

Nitric Dioxide (NO2) [Calibrated]

9376-P

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) [Calibrated]

9377-P

Ammonia (NH3) [Calibrated]

9378-P

Methane (CH4) and Combustible Gas [Calibrated]

9379-P

Hydrogen (H2) [Calibrated]

9380-P

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2) [Calibrated]

9381-P

Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) [Calibrated]

9382-P

Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) [Calibrated]

9383-P

Phosphine (PH3) [Calibrated]

9384-P

Ethylene (ETO) [Calibrated]

9385-P

Chlorine (Cl2) [Calibrated]

9386-P

D

Particle Matter (PM1 / PM2.5 / PM10) - Dust

9387-P

E

Temperature, Humidity and Pressure

9370-P

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

10.2.8.3 Smart Security

The main applications for this Waspmote Plug & Sense! configuration are perimeter access control, liquid presence detection and doors and windows openings.

Note: The probes attached in this photo could not match the final location. See next table for the correct configuration.

Sensor Socket

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter

Reference

A

Temperature + Humidity (Sensirion)

9247

B

Liquid flow

9296, 9297, 9298

C

Presence - PIR

9212

D

Luminosity (LDR)

9205

Liquid level

9239, 9240, 9242

Liquid presence

9243, 9295

Hall effect

9207

E

Luminosity (LDR)

9205

Liquid level

9239, 9240, 9242

Liquid presence

9243, 9295

Hall effect

9207

F

Luminosity (LDR)

9205

Liquid level

9239, 9240, 9242

Liquid presence

9243, 9295

Hall effect

9207

As we see in the figure below, thanks to the directionable probe, the presence sensor probe (PIR) may be placed in different positions. The sensor can be focused directly to the point we want.

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

10.2.8.4 Smart Water

The Smart Water model has been conceived to facilitate the remote monitoring of the most relevant parameters related to water quality. With this platform you can measure more than 6 parameters, including the most relevant for water control such as dissolved oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, pH, conductivity and temperature. An extremely accurate turbidity sensor has been integrated as well.

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

10.2.8.5 Smart Water Ions

The Smart Water Ions models specialize in the measurement of ions concentration for drinking water quality control, agriculture water monitoring, swimming pools or waste water treatment.

The Smart Water line is complementary for these kinds of projects, enabling the control of parameters like turbidity, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential and dissolved oxygen. Take a look to the Smart Water line in the previous section. Refer to Libelium website for more information.

There are 2 variants for Smart Water Ions: Single and Double. This is related to the type of ion sensor that each variant can integrate. Next section describes each configuration in detail.

Single

This variant includes a Single Junction Reference Probe, so it can read all the single type ion sensors.

Sensor sockets are configured as shown in the table below.

Sensor Socket

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter

Reference

A

Calcium Ion (Ca2+)

9352

Fluoride Ion (F-)

9353

Fluoroborate Ion (BF4-)

9354

Nitrate Ion (NO3-)

9355

pH (for Smart Water Ions)

9363

B

Calcium Ion (Ca2+)

9352

Fluoride Ion (F-)

9353

Fluoroborate Ion (BF4-)

9354

Nitrate Ion (NO3-)

9355

pH (for Smart Water Ions)

9363

C

Calcium Ion (Ca2+)

9352

Fluoride Ion (F-)

9353

Fluoroborate Ion (BF4-)

9354

Nitrate Ion (NO3-)

9355

pH (for Smart Water Ions)

9363

D

Calcium Ion (Ca2+)

9352

Fluoride Ion (F-)

9353

Fluoroborate Ion (BF4-)

9354

Nitrate Ion (NO3-)

9355

pH (for Smart Water Ions)

9363

E

Single Junction Reference

9350 (included by default)

F

Soil/Water Temperature

9255 (included by default)

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

Double

This variant includes a Double Junction Reference Probe, so it can read all the double type ion sensors.

Sensor sockets are configured as shown in the table below.

Sensor Socket

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter

Reference

A

Bromide Ion (Br-)

9356

Chloride Ion (Cl-)

9357

Cupric Ion (Cu2+)

9358

Iodide Ion (I-)

9360

Lead Ion (Pb2+)

9361

Silver Ion (Ag+)

9362

pH (for Smart Water Ions)

9363

B

Bromide Ion (Br-)

9356

Chloride Ion (Cl-)

9357

Cupric Ion (Cu2+)

9358

Iodide Ion (I-)

9360

Lead Ion (Pb2+)

9361

Silver Ion (Ag+)

9362

pH (for Smart Water Ions)

9363

C

Bromide Ion (Br-)

9356

Chloride Ion (Cl-)

9357

Cupric Ion (Cu2+)

9358

Iodide Ion (I-)

9360

Lead Ion (Pb2+)

9361

Silver Ion (Ag+)

9362

pH (for Smart Water Ions)

9363

D

Bromide Ion (Br-)

9356

Chloride Ion (Cl-)

9357

Cupric Ion (Cu2+)

9358

Iodide Ion (I-)

9360

Lead Ion (Pb2+)

9361

Silver Ion (Ag+)

9362

pH (for Smart Water Ions)

9363

E

Double Junction Reference

9351 (included by default)

F

Soil/Water Temperature

9255 (included by default)

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

10.2.8.6 Smart Cities

The main applications for this Waspmote Plug & Sense! model are noise maps (monitor in real time the acoustic levels in the streets of a city), air quality, waste management, structural health, smart lighting, etc. Refer to Libelium website for more information.

As we see in the figure below, thanks to the directionable probe, the ultrasound sensor probe may be placed in different positions. The sensor can be focused directly to the point we want to measure.

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

10.2.8.7 Smart Parking

Smart Parking allows to detect available parking spots by placing the node under the pavement. It works with a magnetic sensor which detects when a vehicle is present or not. Waspmote Plug & Sense! can act as a repeater for a Smart Parking node.

Sensor sockets are no used for this model.

There are specific documents for parking applications at Libelium website. Refer to Smart Parking Technical guide to see typical applications for this model and how to make a good installation.

10.2.8.8 Smart Agriculture

The Smart Agriculture models allow to monitor multiple environmental parameters involving a wide range of applications. It has been provided with sensors for air and soil temperature and humidity (Sensirion), solar visible radiation, wind speed and direction, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, etc.

The main applications for this Waspmote Plug & Sense! model are precision agriculture, irrigation systems, greenhouses, weather stations, etc. Refer to Libelium website for more information.

Two variants are possible for this model, normal and PRO. Next section describes each configuration in detail.

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

10.2.8.9 Ambient Control

This model is designed to monitor main environment parameters in an easy way. Only three sensor probes are allowed for this model, as shown in next table.

Sensor sockets are configured as it is shown in figure below.

Sensor Socket

Sensor probes allowed for each sensor socket

Parameter

Reference

A

Humidity + Temperature (Sensirion)

9247

B

Luminosity (LDR)

9205

C

Luminosity (Luxes accuracy)

9325

D

Not used

-

E

Not used

-

F

Not used

-

As we see in the figure below, thanks to the directionable probe, the Luminosity sensor (Luxes accuracy) probe may be placed in different positions. The sensor can be focused directly to the light source we want to measure.

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

10.2.8.10 Radiation Control

The main application for this Waspmote Plug & Sense! configuration is to measure radiation levels using a Geiger sensor. For this model, the Geiger tube is already included inside Waspmote, so the user does not have to connect any sensor probe to the enclosure. The rest of the other sensor sockets are not used.

Sensor sockets are not used for this model.

Note: For more technical information about each sensor probe go to the Development section in Libelium website.

10.3 Buy Plug & Sense!

11. The Internet Gateway - Meshlium

Meshlium is a Linux router which works as the Gateway of the Waspmote Sensor Networks. It can contain 5 different radio interfaces: WiFi 2.4GHz, WiFi 5GHz, 3G/GPRS, Bluetooth and XBee/LoRa. As well as this, Meshlium can also be solar and battery powered. These features a long with an aluminium IP-65 enclosure allows Meshlium to be placed anywhere outdoor. Meshlium comes with the Manager System, a web application which allows to control quickly and easily the WiFi, XBee, LoRa, Bluetooth and 3G/GPRS configurations a long with the storage options of the sensor data received.

Meshlium Xtreme allows to detect iPhone and Android devices and in general any device which works with WiFi or Bluetooth interfaces. The idea is to be able to measure the amount of people and cars which are present in a certain point at a specific time, allowing the study of the evolution of the traffic congestion of pedestrians and vehicles.

11.2 How do they work together?

Meshlium receives the sensor data sent by Waspmote using its wireless radios.

Then 4 possible actions can be performed:

Store the sensor data in the Meshlium Local Data Base (MySQL)

Store the sensor data in an External Data Base (MySQL)

Send the information to the Internet using the Ethernet or WiFi connection

Send the information to the Internet using the 3G/GPRS connection

11.2.1 Meshlium Storage Options

Local Data Base

External Data Base

11.2.2 Meshlium Connection Options

XBee / LoRa / GPRS / 3G / WiFi â Ethernet

XBee / LoRa / GPRS / 3G / WiFi â WiFi

XBee / LoRa / GPRS / 3G / WiFi â 3G/GPRS

11.2.3 Capturing and storing sensor data in Meshlium from a Waspmote sensor network

When you buy a kit containing Waspmotes, Gateway and Meshlium, the Waspmotes come already configured to send frames to the Gateway. Later, once the user has developed the code for transmitting to Gateway, he can switch to Meshlium.

Meshlium will receive the sensor data sent by Waspmote using the wireless radio and it will store the frames in the Local Data Base. That can be done in an automatic way thanks to the Sensor Parser.

The Sensor Parser is a software system which is able to do the following tasks in an easy and transparent way:

receive frames from XBee and LoRa (with the Data Frame format)

receive frames from 3G/GPRS, WiFi and Ethernet via HTTP protocol (Manager System version 3.1.4 and above)

parse these frames

store the data in a local Database

synchronize the local Database with an external Database

Besides, the user can add his own sensors.

The initial frames sent by Waspmote contain the next sequence (API frame characters are removed here):

<=>\0x80\0x03#35689722##7#ACC:80;10;987#IN_TEMP:22.50#BAT:93#

They are formed by the accelerometer values, RTC internal temperature value, and battery level. The MAC address is added and other helpful information.

Meshlium comes with all the radios ready to be used. Just âplug & mesh!â. All the Meshlium nodes come with the WiFi AP ready so that users can connect using their WiFi devices. Connect the Ethernet cable to your network hub, restart Meshlium and it will automatically get an IP from your network using DHCP *.

(*) For the Meshlium Mesh AP and for the Meshlium XBee Mesh AP the Internet connection depends on the GW of the network.

Then access Meshlium through the WiFi connection. First of all search the available access points and connect to âMeshliumâ.

No password is needed as the network is public (you can change it later in the WiFi AP Interface options). When you select it, Meshlium will give an IP from the range 10.10.10.10 - 10.10.10.250.

Now you can open your browser and access to the Meshlium Manager System:

URL: http://10.10.10.1/ManagerSystem

user: root

password: libelium

Now we go to the âSensor Networksâ tab.

There are 6 different RF models can be configured:

Depending the kind of XBee model the parameters to be configured may vary.

Complete list:

Network ID: Also known as PAN ID (Personal Arena Network ID)

Channel: frequency channel used

Network Address: 16b address (hex field) - MY

Node ID: maximum 20 characters (by default âMeshliumâ)

Power level: [0..4] (by default 4)

Encrypted mode: true/false (by default false)

Encryption Key: 16 characters maximum

MAC: 64b hardware address. It is a read only value divided in two parts:

MAC-high: 32b (hex field)
MAC-low: 32b (hex field)

These parameters must be also configured in the Waspmote sensor nodes. Access to all the information related to Waspmote at:

To discover the MAC address of the XBee module just press the âLoad MACâ button.

The âCheck statusâ option allows to see if the radio is working properly and if the configuration stored on it matches the values set in the Manager System.

Both process (âLoad MACâ and âCheck statusâ) require the capturer daemon to be stopped. This means no frames will be received while executing this actions. Be patient this can take up to 1 minute to finish.

Note: When you buy a Waspmote Developer kit with Meshlium and with the XBee ZB as ZigBee radio both the Waspmote GW and Meshlium come configured as Coordinator of the network. Take into account that only one of them can be working at the same time.

Note: If the encryption check fails but the rest of parameters are OK, it means the radio has an old version of the firmware but it is working perfectly.

Capturing and storing sensor data

As said before, in a kit containing Waspmotes, Gateway and Meshlium, the Waspmotes come already configured to send frames to the Gateway. Later, once the user has developed the code for transmitting to Gateway, he can switch to Meshlium.

Meshlium will receive the sensor data sent by Waspmote using the wireless radio and it will store the frames in the Local Data Base. That can be done in an automatic way thanks to the Sensor Parser.

The Sensor Parser is a software system which is able to do the following tasks in an easy and transparent way:

receive frames from XBee and LoRa (with the Data Frame format)

receive frames from 3G/GPRS, WiFi and Ethernet via HTTP protocol (Manager System version 3.1.4 and above)

parse these frames

store the data in local Database

synchronize the local Database with an external Database

Besides, the user can add his own sensors.

The initial frames sent by Waspmote contain the next sequence (API frame characters are removed here):

<=>\0x80\0x03#35689722##7#ACC:80;10;987#IN_TEMP:22.50#BAT:93#

They are formed by the accelerometer values, RTC internal temperature value, and battery level. The MAC address is added and other helpful information.

In order to add your own sensor frames properly go to the section âSensorsâ. All frames captured will be able to stored on Local Database, however the frame has not been defined is stored in the database. See the picture below in order to see different frames types and how they are saved in the database.

In order to work with new sensor information added to the frames go to the âCapturing and Storing new sensor data framesâ chapter.

If you change any of the parameters in Waspmote or Meshlium you will have to do it in both platforms so that they still can communicate.

We can perform two different storage options with the frames captured:

Local Data Base

External Data Base

You can also send the information received to the Internet using the Ethernet, WiFi and 3G/GPRS interfaces.

Local Data Base

Meshlium has a MySQL data base up and running which is used to store locally the information captured. In the âLocal Data Baseâ tab you can see the connection parameters.

Database: MeshliumDB

Table: sensorParser

IP: localhost / 10.10.10.1 *

Port: 3306

User: root

Password: libelium2007

You can change the password, see the âUsers Managerâ section.

(*) Depending on the parameters set in the âInterfacesâ section.

Steps:

Set the check box âStore frames in the local data baseâ and press the âSaveâ button.

From this time Meshlium will automatically perform Scans and will store the results in the Local Data Base. This process will also continue after restarting Meshlium.

At any time you can see the last âxâ records stored. Just set how many insertions you want to see and press the âShow dataâ button.

External Data Base

Meshlium can also store the information captured in an External Data Base.

Steps:

Pressing the âShow sql scriptâ you will get the code needed to create the data base along with the table and the right privileges.

Insert this code in your MySQL management application.

Fill the Connection Data fields with the information about where the data base is located (IP, Port) and with the authentication options (Database, Table, User, Password). This data are stored in /mnt/lib/cfg/sensorExternalDB file.

Now press the âCheck Connectionâ button to see if the configuration is correct.

Set the check box âStore frames in external databaseâ, you can defined the interval how often to synchronize the local database with external database and press the âSaveâ button.
From this time Meshlium will automatically perform Scans and will store the results in the External Data Base each . This process will also continue after restarting Meshlium.
You can also choose to sync when you want. Just press the âSynchronize Nowâ button.

At any time you can see the last âxâ records stored. Just set how many insertions you want to see and press the âShow dataâ button.

Show me now!

In the âShow me now!â tab you can see in real time the Scans captured.

You can specify if you want the information to be updated periodically with the defined interval just checking the âUse the Defined Intervalâ button.

Advanced Database

In the âAdvancedâ tab you can see information about the state in which they are databases.

It displays information about the Loca and Externall database, showing the following information:

Local and External Database names

Local and External Database sizes

Local and External Tables

Total Local and External Entries

Synchronized Local Frames

Unsynchronized Local Frames

From this tab, you can delete all the information contained in the Local database or Remove synchronized data. Before performing these actions, a confirmation message will be displayed.

Note: Before running these options, it is recommended to have a backup or having synchronized your local database with external database.

In addition can display a log of the date of the last synchronization between the local database and external database was successful.

11.2.4 Capturer logs

Inside âSensor Networksâ exists the section Logs, in this section you can see the last frames received on Meshlium.

First show the âsensor logâ, in this logs shows the frames are stored after being processed.

ASCII-35690399-N1-253-198-,STR:XBee frame,BAT:93,IN_TEMP:31.50

Secondly shown âFrame Logâ, in this logs shows the frames stored as the arrive to Meshlium.

<=>?#35690399#N1#198#STR:XBee frame#BAT:93#IN_TEMP:31.50#

11.2.5 Sensors

In section âSensor Listâ, the user can add new sensors or delete sensors.

By default Meshlium recognize all Libelium official sensors frames. All sensors frames that Meshlium can capture and store must be specified in an XML file.

The file with official sensors of Libelium is localed in /mnt/lib/cfg/parser/sensors.xml

You can download these files and change them in order to get new features and sending options.

Compilation:

The compilation can be done in the same Meshlium. Just copy these files in a folder accessing by SSH and execute:

$ gcc -o ZigBeeSend ZigBeeSend.c -lpthread

Important: If you want to create a "ZigBee sending" daemon that is executed each time Meshlium starts you have to deactivate the "ZigBee Capturer" daemon (/etc/init.d/ZigbeeScanD.sh) as the ZigBee radio has to be used by one process at a time.

11.2.7 Interacting with 3rd party Cloud platforms

Libelium has partnered with the best Cloud software solution providers to offer you all the necessary components to deploy Internet of Things (IoT), machine-to-machine (M2M) or Smart Cities projects with minimum time-to-market. Meshlium is ready to send sensor data to many Cloud software platforms. Just select the most suitable for you, get an account from the provider and configure your Meshlium. To get a list of the available Cloud platforms, see the section âCloud Connectorâ of the Meshlium Technical Guide.

11.2.8 Meshlium Visualizer

Meshlium Visualizer is a plugin which plots graphs and maps with the data stored in the database. It can also export data in common formats. Meshlium Visualizer is a special software feature only available in the Meshlium units included in the IoT Vertical Kits (Smart Cities IoT Vertical Kit, Smart Water IoT Vertical Kit, etc).

Please note that this is a paid service. In every IoT Vertical Kit, each Meshlium comes with 100 visualizations. After 100 visualizations, users can contact Libelium Sales Department if they want to continue using the service.

11.2.8.1 Working with the Visualizer

On the top of the page you can use a simple form to make all your queries. To do so, just follow these steps:

Select one Plug & Sense! from the list. All Plug & Sense! units with frames in the database will be shown.

Once a Plug & Sense! Is selected, all its sensors will be loaded. This process is repeated each time you change the selected Plug & Sense!.

Select the period of time you want to see in the chart. The âLiveâ option reads directly from the database, while the rest options read from a file generated everyday by the service cron. For each Plug & Sense!, cron generates 4 files each day, one for the last day, other for last 7 days, other for last 15 days and other for the last 30 days.

Hit on the âShow Dataâ button and, if your query has results to show, Meshlium Visualizer will show them. The remaining visualization number will decrease in one unit. If the query does not have any results, a message will appear notifying the situation; the available visualizations remain without changes.

If your query has GPS results (data frames with GPS infromation), the âMapâ tab will be shown. If it is not the case, like in the previous picture, this tab remains disabled.

The âDataâ tab shows a list of sensors values, ordered by time.

The âExportâ tab shows two calendars to select the initial and final date. This feature does not take into account the block on the top of the page, it will export all data from all Plug & Sense! units between these dates. Data can be exported in 5 formats (CSV, SQL, XML, TXT & HTML) and compressed in ZIP.

11.3 USB Device Connectivity

The external USB connector lets you connect any USB device to Meshlium. The only limitation is that your device must be supported by a Linux system (obviously you can install its drivers through a repository or uploading the files directly).

In the next example we will connect a webcam and will capture several images which will be accessed from a web page. Obviously the process will vary depending on the camera or USB device we want to integrate.

Important: if you want to place outdoor the Meshlium with the external USB device you have to protect the USB cable in order to make it waterproof. See page 8 in the current manual to see how the Ethernet cable is protected.

Steps:

Plug the webcam to the USB port.

Wait 10 or 15 seconds.

Open prompt and connect Meshlium using ssh command.

Mount file system in read/write mode using remountrw command.

Execute lsusb command. Thus we will be able identify the device and check that it is well connected. In this example, it is the output:Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0ac8:301b Z-Star Microelectronics Corp. ZC0301 Webcam

Update the packets list from the repository: aptitude update

Install the module necessary for the webcam or USB device: aptitude install gspca-modulesConsiderations: In exceptional cases, can be necessary recompiling the module.

16. Waspmote VS Arduino

Are Waspmote and Arduino platforms compatible?

Waspmote uses the same IDE (compiler and core libraries) than Arduino. For this reason the same code is compatible in both platforms just adjusting small things like the pinout and the I/O scheme. We love the fast learning curve of Arduino and for this reason we tried to make a platform compatible with it. The idea is an Arduino user may work with Waspmote in a transparent and easy way (as the source code will be the same the learning curve does not exists).

Then, are Waspmote and Arduino competence?

Definitely no. Arduino is a really nice platform to learn how to use electronics and intended to make cheap "home projects" while Waspmote is a device specially designed to create wireless sensor networks which need long lifetime and are meant to be deployed in a real scenario like a city.

I just want to "play" with Waspmote, isn't it cheaper using Arduino?

The answer is, what do you want to do exactly? Waspmote is a very compact board including all needed for creating wireless sensor networks: wireless communications, RTC clock to allow scheduling interruptions, uSD to store data from sensors, 3-axis accelerometer (very useful for detecting falling nodes and as a sensor by itself) and of course, a battery and solar socket with charger regulator for making the node completely autonomous. You can find below a chart comparing Arduino and Waspmote features according to Cooking Hacks prices, so you can see how much does it cost adding those features separately to Arduino. We just want you to get the most appropriate device for your project!

Arduino UNO

Arduino Mega 2560

Waspmote

Board

22,00 €

41,00 €

155,00 €

Arduino Xbee 802.15.4 + 2dBi antenna

45,00 €

45,00 €

Triple axis accelerometer

7,75 €

7,75 €

On Board Programmable LED + ON/OFF Switch

1,00 €

1,00 €

RTC DS3234 + Button Battery

16,00 €

16,00 €

uSD Adaptor

20,00 €

20,00 €

Solar Panel Socket

47,00 €

47,00 €

6600mAh Battery

30,00 €

Total

158,75 €

177,75 €

185,00 €

Is Waspmote open source?

Yes. All the source code libraries are released under the LGPL license so developers may choose if the programs they do are released as open source or not.

Are Waspmote and Arduino FCC and CE certified? What are the differences?

Both Waspmote and Arduino "core" boards have the FCC and CE certifications, however in order to use the platform with a communication module (ZigBee, Wifi, 3G,...) a Radio Certification is needed. This is the main difference among Waspmote and Arduino certifications. Waspmote has Radio Certifications for all the possible combinations of the communication modules (802.15.4, ZigBee, 3G, ZigBee + 3G,...), and Arduino doesn't.

Comparative Tables - Waspmote VS Arduino

Memory and Microcontroller

Model

Microcontroller

Frequency

RAM

EEPROM

FLASH

External Storage (SD card)

Arduino

ATMega328

16MHz

2KB

1KB

32KB

-

Arduino Mega

ATMega2560

16MHz

8KB

4KB

256KB

-

Waspmote

ATMega1281

14MHz

8KB

4KB

128KB

2GB

I/O & Buses

Model

Analog In

Digital I/O

UART's

SPI

I2C

PWM

USB

Arduino

6

8

1

Yes

Yes

6

Yes

Arduino Mega

16

54

4

Yes

Yes

15

Yes

Waspmote

7

8

2

Yes

Yes

1

Yes

Consumption

Model

Consumption ON

Sleep mode

Consumption
Sleep mode

Hibernate mode

Consumption
Hibernate mode

Arduino

50mA

No

-

No

-

Arduino Mega

50mA

No

-

No

-

Waspmote

15mA

Yes

55µA

Yes

0.7µA

Commercial, License and Legal Issues

Model

IDE

Libraries

Electronic Certifications

Radio Certifications*

Arduino

GPL

LGPL

CE, FCC

-

Arduino Mega

GPL

LGPL

CE, FCC

-

Waspmote

GPL

LGPL

CE, FCC, IC

CE, FCC, IC

* Waspmote is Radio Certified for all the possible combinations of the communication modules (802.15.4, ZigBee, 3G...).

If you are interested in Internet of Things (IoT) or M2M projects check our open
source sensor platform Waspmote
which counts with more than 100 sensors available to use 'off the shelf', a complete API with hundreds of ready to use codes and a low consumption mode of just 0.7µA to ensure years of battery life.

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