Basic information on a wide range of useful plants, plus details of environmental needs where available.

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The tree is harvested from the wild for a wide range of uses including medicinal purposes, a source of tannins and timber and a dye plant.
This species is widespread and common within its range. It is threatened by the loss of mangrove habitat throughout its range, primarily due to extraction and coastal development, and there has been an estimated 24% decline in mangrove area within this species range since 1980. Mangrove species are more at risk from coastal development and extraction at the extremes of their distribution, and are likely to be contracting in these areas more than in other areas. It is also likely that changes in climate due to global warming will further affect these parts of the range. Although there are overall range declines in many areas, they are not enough to reach any of the threatened category thresholds. This species is classified as 'Least Concern' in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(2011)[

An excellent, comprehensive resource in 25 volumes. In addition to the botanical information the flora also gives basic information on habitat and some uses. An on-line version is also available.

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Properties

Conservation Status

Least Concern

Habit

Evergreen Tree

Height

25.00 m

Cultivation Status

Wild

Cultivation Details

A plant of the moist to wet tropics and subtropics, where it is always found at around sea-level near the coast. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 25 - 34°c, but can tolerate 15 - 38°c[

A series of leaflets, jointly produced by the University of Copenhagen and the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, focussing on seed information for a number species, but also giving a lot of other information about each plant.

]. Fresh seeds often have very high germination, typically more than 95%[

A series of leaflets, jointly produced by the University of Copenhagen and the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, focussing on seed information for a number species, but also giving a lot of other information about each plant.

]. Seed that has imbibed moisture will usually have radicle formation within 3 days from sowing[

A series of leaflets, jointly produced by the University of Copenhagen and the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, focussing on seed information for a number species, but also giving a lot of other information about each plant.

A series of leaflets, jointly produced by the University of Copenhagen and the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, focussing on seed information for a number species, but also giving a lot of other information about each plant.