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Biomass, particularly agricultural, industrial and food waste, is an attractive resource as it is often of zero or even negative value to the producer. For a materials chemist, it is a treasure trove of complex biological chemicals such as cellulose and lignin. In our research, we discover ways to convert these biological materials into materials for a wide range of potential applications, such as water treatment or batteries.

For all the exciting stories and developments that basic science research produces, there is one question that the public never tires of asking: "What are the possible applications of that discovery?" or "What is the value of your research?"

From the enticing aroma of the turkey in the oven to the 'whoosh' of the flames as the brandy-soaked pudding comes alight, Christmas is a wonderful time for the senses. But have you ever considered the science behind our best-loved festive traditions?