As a probable mechanism, we found that sDPP-4 caused dose-dependent increases in the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 in RAW264.7 cells, and that these alterations were inhibited by vildagliptin, M6P, or bisindolylmaleimide II, a protein kinase C inhibitor.

The effect of fucoxanthin on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted, but not abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+, and was insensitive to p38 kinase inhibitor skepinone (2 µM) and to protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin (100 nM).

Tyramine (1mM) increased the adenosine concentration measured in the presence of 100 μM adenosine 5'-monophosphate, an increase which was inhibited by antagonist of the α(1)-adrenoceptors (prazosin, 50 μM) or of a protein kinase C inhibitor (chlerythrine, 10 μM), and in reserpinized rats, tyramine failed to increase the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-primed dialysate adenosine concentration.

The tumor suppressor activity of HINT1 gene in melanoma cells by promoting the formation of non-functional complexes with oncogenic transcription factors, like MITF and beta-catenin, known to be involved in melanoma development and progression.

These include the protein kinase C inhibitor midostaurin, the pentacyclic triterpenoids ursolic acid and betulinic acid, the eNOS enhancing compounds AVE9488 and AVE3085, and the polyphenolic phytoalexin trans-resveratrol.

The addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors vatalanib (PTK787) and vandetinib (ZD6474), the integrin inhibitor cilengitide, the monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab and cetuximab, the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors temsirolimus and everolimus, and the protein kinase C inhibitor enzastaurin, among other agents, are in clinical investigation, building on the established chemoradiotherapy regimen for newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

We show that secretion of vimentin, which is phosphorylated at serine and threonine residues, is enhanced by the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid and blocked by the specific protein kinase C inhibitor GO6983.