A ransomware attack has affected more than 12,500 machines in at least 64 countries. Perpetrators of the attack encrypted victim’s files then demanded money in exchange for restored access. Victims of the attack included Rosneft, Merck, and AP Moller-Maersk.

Read more on cyber security and modern conflict in Ethics & International Affairs:

The growth of international trade has exacerbated vulnerabilities in infrastructure, posing risks to international food security. Almost 25% of the world’s food is internationally traded, and much of it must pass through a handful of ports and canals, each of which are at risk of damage due to climate-related events.

Read more on food security and climate risk in Ethics & International Affairs:

The president of the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government has announced plans for a referendum on independence. An affirmative vote could be a key step toward independence for Iraqi Kurds, but could lead to further tensions with the already strained Turkish and Iraqi governments.

Read more on rebellion, secession, and legitimate authority in Ethics & International Affairs:

The G20 summit has acknowledged the U.S.’s intent to withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement. The document confirmed that the other G20 countries remain committed to Paris, despite prior concerns that more countries might choose to exit the agreement.

Read more on climate change and global governance in Ethics & International Affairs: