When and why did people start living in cities

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Urbanization-the act or fact of urbanizing, or taking on the characteristics of a cityUrban GrowthWhen and Why did People Start Living in Cities1. When and why did people start living in cities?

2. Where are cities located and why?

3. How are cities organized, and how do they function?

4. How do people make cities?

5. What role do cities play in globalization?Urban vs. Rural

Urban- to live in a city, highly populated locationRural- to live in the countryUrbanizationFun FactsUrban PopulationBy 2030, 60 percent of the world's population is expected to live in citiesPush from RuralPull to Urbannew industriestransportationbetter educationimprovement in technologyless labor is needed for farmingThe Push and Pull FactorsThe 5 Urban HearthsMesopotamialocated between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (3500 BC)

Studies of cultural landscape and morphology of Mesopotamia city found that there were many signs of social inequalities such as:Urban elite erected palacesProtected themselves with wallsKings and priests rule the citymade taxesdemanded tribute from the harvestInside the walls there were clusters of temples and shrines at the center of the citythe poor lived in tiny huts on the outskirts of citythe slaves lived outside the city wallsthere was a lack of waste-disposal, which kept the cities small due to diseaseNile River ValleyLocated at the Nile River, dates back to 3200 BC

It was thought that the agriculture was brought to them from the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia)

Power along this river was controlled by the people who took care of the irrigation systems

absence of wallsthe people in power use the river for agriculturethe might of rulers was greatly reflected by the architecturePyramidsTombsIndus River ValleyLocated on the Indus River, dating back to 2200 BC

Agriculture was also thought to be diffused from Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia)

Although houses were distributed equal in size to all peoplestill have different social classesstill ruled by the top class (city planners)Unlike the Nile River, this hearth did protect its city with a thick wall going around it

There was evidence that cities developed trading relationships with other urban hearthseg. there were discoveries of coins from as far away as the Mediterranean found within the walls, which proves they even traded long distancesHuang He (Yellow) River ValleyMesoamericaLocated in present day Mexico, dated back to 200 BC

The ancient cities of Mesoamerica were that of Religious centersThe urban elite increased their authority with priests, temples and shrine.Most of these cities were Theocratic centersWhich had rulers where deemed to have divine authorityknown as God-Kingsexamples include the great structures of Yucatan, Guatemala, and HondurasCommon Traits within the 5 HearthsA dependable water supplyDomesticated plants and animalsA long growing seasonAgricultural surplusPlenty of building materialsSocial stratificationLeadership class (urban elite) – group of decision makers and organizers who controlled the resources and often the lives of othersLocated on the Yellow River which is present day China, dated back to 1500 BC

The chinese purposefully planned their ancient cities to center on a vertical structure in the middle of the city.Within the city the people built temples and palaces for the leadership classes There was a wall built around the cityThe elite build elaborate and enourmous structures in order to show their power.in 200 BC the Emperor, Qin Xi Huang directed the building of The Great Wall of China by his slaves.Role of the Ancient City in SocietyAncient cities not only were centers of religion and power but also served as economic nodes Chief marketplaces and bases from which wealthy merchants, land and livestock owners, and traders operated.Towns had to have facilities that would not be found in farm villagesDiffusion of UrbanizationUrbanization, as previously mentioned, diffused from Mesopotamia in many directionsPopulations in Mesopotamia grew with the steady food supply and sedentary lifestylePeople migrated out from the hearth diffusing their knowledge of agriculture and urbanizationDiffused to Mediterranean at about the same time cities were developing elsewhere independently.WAKE UP!!!Greek and Roman CitiesIn 500 BC Greece became one of the Earths most highly urbanized areas on the Earth

There were 500 cities and towns that were connected by seafarers on the urban trade routes, they carried notions of urban life throughout the Mediterranean.Athens and Sparta fighting with each other to become Greece's most powerful cityUrbanization then diffused out of Greece to the Roman EmpireRoman urban culture diffused through Western EuropeUrban Growth after Greece and RomeAfter the fall of the Roman Empire, there was little to no growth, some parts of the continent even went into sharp declines.The growth that did take place however were seen as resting placesmany of these places grew into towns and eventually became major citiesother cities that continued to grow were interior trade routes such as Silk Route, Caravan routes of West Africa (Mali), Americas (Mayan and Aztec empires)Site and SituationRelative importance of the interior trade routes changed when overseas colonization occurred.Situation of cities changed from being crucial in an interior trade route to being left out of oceanic tradeSituation – relative location, its place in the region and world around it (proximity to major trade routes and other urban places)Coastal ports became the leading markets and centers of power - mercantile cities – Liverpool, London, LisbonAfter exploration led to colonialismSecond Urban Revolution (late 1800s)In order for people to move from the fields to the cities to work in manufacturing, food production had to increase.Europeans invented a series of important improvements in agricultureSeed drillHybrid seedsImproved breeding practices for livestockFreed from the fields, laborers were able to migrate to the cities in hopes of a job.1. When and why did people start living in cities?

2. Where are cities located and why?

3. How are cities organized, and how do they function?

4. How do people make cities?

5. What role do cities play in globalization?By: Chris Koo & Rebecca WatsonHard to tend to crops everydayLess social activity since you live further away from othersActivities: https://jeopardylabs.com/play/when-and-why-did-people-start-living-in-cities