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The Polish Academy of Sciences, headquartered in Warsaw, is the top Polish institution having the character of an academy of sciences.[2] Being a society of distinguished scholars as well as a network of research institutes, it is responsible for spearheading the development of science in Poland. It was established in 1951, during the period of Poland People's Republic.

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The Polish Academy of Sciences (Polish: Polska Akademia Nauk, abbreviated PAN) is a Polish state learning institution, headquartered in Warsaw, that was established in 1951 by the merger of earlier learned societies, including the Polish Academy of Learning (Polska Akademia Umiejętności, abbreviated PAU), with its seat in Kraków, and the Warsaw Society of Friends of Learning, which had been founded in the late 18th century.

The Polish Academy of Sciences functions as a learned society acting through an elected corporation of leading scholars and research institutions. The Academy has also, operating through its committees, become a major scientific advisory body.

Another aspect of the Academy is its coordination and overseeing of numerous (several dozens) research institutes. PAN institutes employ over 2,000 people, and are funded by about a third of the Polish government's budget for science.

In 1989, the Polish Academy of Learning in Kraków, resumed its independent existence, separate from the Polish Academy of Sciences, in Warsaw.