Sample Quiz Answers
For Chapter 1

THIS PAGE CONTAINS SAMPLE ANSWERS to the Quiz on
Chapter 1 of this on-line
Java textbook. Note that in many cases, there are lots of correct
answers to a given question.

Question 1:
Explain briefly what is meant by "pseudocode" and how is it useful in the
development of algorithms.

Answer:
Pseudocode refers to informal descriptions of algorithms, written in
a language that imitates the structure of a programming language, but without the
strict syntax. Pseudocode can be used in the process of developing an algorithm with
stepwise refinement. You can start with a brief pseudocode description of the
algorithm and then add detail to the description through a series of refinements until
you have something that can be translated easily into a program written in an
actual programming language.

Question 2:
What is a block statement? How are
block statements used in Java programs.

Answer:
A block statement is just a sequence of Java statements enclosed between braces, { and }.
The body of a subroutine is a block statement. Block statements are often used in
control structures. A block statement is generally used to group together several
statements so that they can be used in a situation that only calls for a single statement.
For example, the syntax of a while loop calls for a single statement: "while (condition) do
statement". However, the statement can be a block statement, giving the
structure: "while (condition) { statement; statement; ...}".

Question 3:
What is the main difference between a
while loop and a do..while loop?

Answer:
Both types of loop repeat a block of statements until some condition becomes false.
The main difference is that in a while loop, the condition is tested at the
beginning of the loop, and in a do..while loop, the condition is tested
at the end of the loop. It is possible that the body of a while loop might
not be executed at all. However, the body of a do..while loop is executed
at least once since the condition for ending the loop is not tested until the body of the
loop has been executed.

Question 4:
What does it mean to prime a loop?

Answer:
The condition at the beginning of a while loop has to make sense even the first time
it is tested, before the body of the loop is executed. To prime the loop is to set things
up before the loop starts so that the test makes sense (that is, the variables that it
contains have reasonable values). For example, if the test in the loop is
"while the user's response is yes," then you will have to prime the loop
by getting a response from the user (or making one up) before the loop.

Question 5:
Explain what is meant by an animation and how a computer displays an
animation.

Answer:
An animation consists of a series of "frames." Each frame is a still
image, but there are slight differences from one frame to the next.
When the images are displayed rapidly one frame after another, the
eye perceives motion. A computer displays an animation by showing one
image on the screen, then replacing it with the next image, then the
next, and so on.

Question 6:
Write a for loop that will print out all the multiples of 3 from 3 to 36, that is:
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36.

Answer:
Here are two possible answers. Assume that N has been declared to be a
variable of type int:

Question 7:
Fill in the following main() routine so that it will ask the user to
enter an integer, read the user's response, and tell the user whether the number
entered is even or odd. (You can use TextIO.getInt() to read the integer.
Recall that an integer n is even if n % 2 == 0.)

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Fill in the body of this subroutine!
}

Answer:
The problem already gives an outline of the program. The last step, telling
the user whether the number is even or odd, requires an if statement
to decide between the two possibilities.

public static void main (String[] args) {
int n; // the number read from the user
TextIO.put("Type an integer: "); // ask the use to enter an integer
n = TextIO.getInt(); // read the user's response
if (n % 2 == 0) // tell the user whether the number is even or odd
System.out.println("That's an even number.");
else
System.out.println("That's an odd number.");
}

Question 8:
Show the exact output that would be produced by the following main() routine:

(The hard part to get right is the 64 at the end.
The value of N doubles each time through the loop. For the final execution of the
loop, N starts out with the value 32, but N is doubled to 64 before it is printed.)

Question 9:
Show the exact output produced by the following main() routine:

Answer:
The way to answer this question is to trace exactly what the program does, step-by-step.
The output is shown below on the right. On the left is a table that
shows the values of the variables x and y as the program is being
executed.

Answer:
This is a tough one!
The output from this program consists of the three lines:

R
M
N

As the for loop in this code segment is executed,
name.charAt(i) represents each of the characters in the
string "Richard M. Nixon" in succession. The statement
System.out.println(name.charAt(i)) outputs the
single character name.charAt(i) on a line by itself.
However, this output statement occurs inside an if
statement, so only some of the characters are output. The
character is output if startWord is true. This
variable is initialized to true, so when i is 0, startWord
is true, and the first character in the string, 'R', is output.
Then, since 'R' does not equal ' ', startWorld
becomes false, so no more characters are output until startWord
becomes true again. This happens when name.charAt(i) is
a space, that is, just before the 'M' is processed and again
just before the 'N' is processed. In fact whatever the value of
name, this for statement would print the first character in
name and every character in name that follows a
space. (It is almost true that this for statement prints
the first character of each word in the string, but something goes
wrong when there are two spaces in a row. What happens in this case?)