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Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence, USC, Fall 2001. Lecture 2. Charting the Brain 1 11 Broca’s and Wernicke’s Aphasias Paul Broca (1865): Broca's aphasia is characterized by nonfluent speech, few words, short sentences, and many pauses. The words that the patient can produce come with great effort and often sound distorted. The melodic intonation is flat and monopitched. This gives the speech the general appearance of a telegraphic nature, because of the deletion of functor words and disturbances in word order. However, aural comprehension for conversational speech is relatively intact. There is often an accompanying right hemiparesis involving the face, arm, and leg. Carl Wernicke (1874): Wernicke’s aphasia is known as a fluent aphasia because the patient does not appear to have any difficulty articulating speech, but may be paraphasic. However, comprehension of speech is impaired and sometimes even single words are not comprehended. The patient may even speak in a meaningless “neoligistic” jargon, devoid of any content but with free use of verb tenses, clauses, and subordinates.