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Current Regulatory Limit: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane

Current Massachusetts Regulatory LimitMMCL = 0.005 mg/L. ORS has adopted the MCL published by the U.S. EPA as part of the Phase V rule (57 FR 31776).

Federal Regulatory LimitThe MCL for 1,1,2-trichloroethane is based on its detection limit of 0.005 mg/L. The MCLG is equal to 0.003 mg/L.

Basis for CriteriaThe MCLG of 0.003 mg/L for 1,1,2-trichloroethene has been set based on noncancer effects. The MCL has been set at the PQL for 1,1,2-trichloroethane of 0.005 mg/L because the U.S. EPA believes that the PQL is as close to the MCLG as is feasible. The MCLG of 0.003 mg/L is based on the RfD presented below and assumes that a 70 kg adult ingests 2 L/day of water. The MCLG incorporates a relative source contribution factor of 0.2 and an uncertainty factor of 10 to account for potential carcinogenicity.

The derivation of the MCLG for 1,1,2-trichloroethane is consistent with U.S. EPA's process for deriving an MCLG for a Group C carcinogen (as described on page 46949 of 50 FR 46936). If available, the primary option is to set the MCLG based on noncarcinogenic endpoints and to account for potential carcinogenicity by applying an additional uncertainty factor of up to 10 to the final value. If adequate noncancer data are not available to permit the derivation of an RfD, the second option is to set the MCLG to fall within an excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) range of 10-5 - 10-6. Since adequate noncancer data are available for 1,1,2-trichloroethane, the MCLG for this chemical is based on noncancer effects. U.S. EPA also determined that the MCLG of 0.003 mg/L corresponds to a theoretical cancer risk limit of 1 x 10-5.

Critical Effects1,1,2-trichloroethane has been shown to target the liver and kidney in laboratory animals. Subchronic studies in mice (White et al. 1985; Sanders et al., 1985), in which 1,1,2-trichloroethane was administered in the diet at concentrations of 0, 20, 200 or 1,000 ppm of 1,1,2-tricloroethane in water, indicated adverse effects in livers of mid- and high-dose males and high-dose females. A NOAEL of 20 ppm (corresponding to dose levels of 4.4 and 3.9 mg/kg/day for males and females, respectively) was identified from this study.

Cancer Assessment: COral Cancer Slope Factor: 5.7 x 10-2 (mg/kg/day)-1Hepatocellular carcinomas and pheochromocytomas in one strain of mice form the basis of the C classification. Carcinogenicity was not shown in rats.

Other Regulatory DataAny Health Advisories, Reference Doses (RfDs), cancer assessments or Cancer Potency Factors (CPFs) referenced in this document pertain to the derivation of the current guidance value. Updated information may be obtained from the following sources:

RfDs, cancer assessments and CPFs - For specific information pertaining to derivation of drinking water criteria, consult the Federal Register notice that announces the availability of the most current guidance for that chemical. In addition, information on other current RfDs and CPFs as well as cancer assessments for specific chemicals may be found in the U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) at http://www.epa.gov/iris/. Please note that the information in IRIS may differ from that used in the derivation process as published in the Federal Register notice.

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