Education - Boddunanhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html
Wed, 19 Dec 2018 10:12:04 +0000Joomla! - Open Source Content Managementen-gbnoreply@boddunan.com (Information Creates Wealth)https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=25487
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=25487Today's scenario, Indian Education is more costly for parents and burdensome of students. Moreover, It is irrelevant. I would like to discussed major drawback of Indian education system.

1. Burdensome Lengthy Syllabus

From primary school to high-school, Most of students are passing their time to complete their homework. He has passed almost half a day at school and rest of half day with tuition classes to complete homework. Each subjects are very lengthy divided into many chapters. However, really too much general knowledge is required.

The detailed syllabus of social studies, geography, Hindi, regional language is essential to develop personality in kids/teenagers. Or without lack of such knowledge, students are not fit for future jobs.

The answer is No. In real word, no one is asking for length of Nile river or what is the capital of Canada.

It is illogical or ridiculous to conduct a race between elephant, deer and ant. All three animals are created by God and having different abilities. Board exams are rather than evaluation of memorizing skills of students rather than perceived knowledge.

3. Education is irrelevant to job market

After completing B.com, B.C.A. etc., to get a job is a tough task. It is also a great challenge for employer to recruit such educated people who are lacking in basic skills such as analysis, problem solving, communication etc. Even topper students are quite inadequate at such generic skills.

4.Teacher are also inefficient

Teachers are also not efficient and unconcerned about well-development of students. They are concerned with only their subjects.

5. Reservation a Dragon for Indian Society

In each school, patriotism is taught by the teachers. However, such learning is squashed in front of reservation wall. When merits are not working, then students are starting to recognize the dragon of Reservation and rebuild their learning.

Tips to Avoid such drawback in individual capacity

1. Parents should understood that schools are not only the option for development of his child. They are equally and as per my view, more responsible for development of their child. Parents should understand futility of formal education irrespective of level/ brand of school.

2. Parents should not put his own child in lemmings race. They should encourage creativity, analytical skills in their child.

I am not saying formal education is not necessary, but Parents should not over stress about results or comments of teachers. It creates stress, mind blocks in early age of child. Parents should understand 90% is not a criteria to prove one student is a more intelligent than other student.

]]>hjwriter9@gmail.com (Ech Jay)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=25242
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=25242We get to hear more Cons than Pros about the Indian Education system by Indians themselves. This is probably because in most cases people like to criticize and look for faults rather than appreciate anything positive. However an impartial analysis of any subject is always good since it makes us think and it is only when we think and analyse that we are able to change and improvise any system and let it grow. This is true of our education system as well, which is probably one of the most voluminous systems in the world. It also goes without saying that quantity necessarily does not mean quality . But with all the adversities present in our society , Indian education is still one of the most competent systems in the world.

Looking Back

To go back in history , Indian education started with the concept of Guru Kula where the students , almost all of them coming from Brahmin and Rajput families stayed with the Guru ( Teacher) and his family living a frugal life until their education was complete. Guru was highly respected often giving advice on matters of the state to those of his students coming from Royal families and later taking on the responsibility of ruling the kingdom. There was a lot of prestige attached to the system except the fact that education was not available to all because caste factors dominated life during those periods.

But with time and western influences in the form of the Portuguese and the British education took on a different look altogether. Western education was unbiased and available to all regardless of caste ,creed and class. The spread of western education is one of the greatest gifts that we received from foreign rule. By the time India became independent education was widespread and people had realised the importance of education which gave them status and the power to earn and be independent.

Education in the Indian context

When we speak about Education, in the Indian context all that comes to one's mind is a class room , teachers and the ultimate goal of attaining a degree. This is the drawback that makes our system lacking and incomplete. Unless Education facilitates not only learning and acquiring knowledge but also includes developing one's skills, values and personal development , a student will not be fully equipped to make a mark or become an independent thinker which quality is equally important.

The system of education in India started out with a lot of ambition. Many Indians went abroad to study law and other competitive courses during the British rule. It was through the dedicated effort of some progressive minds of that time that education began to evolve here . However, once we got our Independence things began to change. The government schools in the initial years were considered the best option for everyone except a very few who could afford to gain entry and study at the prestigious private schools started and nurtured by the British

Coming back to the present we have the government run schools and colleges, most of which suffer due to the negligent attitude of the concerned authorities. However the Higher level professional colleges ,IITs and IIMs are run very well. In fact many of the professional colleges attract foreign students who find it cheaper to study here without compromising o the quality.

Some of the major drawbacks in our education system

1, Most of the educated old timers of the forties, fifties and even sixties studied in government schools and colleges and one can see the dedication and the all round knowledge that they received. Even with a Pre-university or a bachelors degree they rose to very high positions in their career and managed to leave a mark. It could be because of the smaller numbers combined with the initial enthusiasm that is normally there. But over a period of time, all though education became widespread, the value and quality began to take a back seat.

2, The growth became lop sided with our politicians realising an opportunity to make education into a business venture. So, now we find a clutter of Professional colleges all over the country filled to 50% capacity. Last year more than 2 lakh seats across the country were lying vacant in Engineering colleges alone. When I say lop sided , I refer to the total neglect at the pre school, primary and secondary levels of education which has hardly seen any kind of push except in some private and International schools. Unless students are given a solid all round foundation in the early years it is not possible to achieve much. In the early years after Independence the push was for an all round education where extra curricular activities, sporting activities and hobbies were given equal importance.

3, The standard of government schools have steadily deteriorated , in spite of the fact that more than 85% of the students still study at government run schools. I have seen many government schools close down because there are no teachers willing to go to remote areas due to lack of facilities. Unless this basic need is taken care of , there will be very little development made in the education system as a whole. If we hear or come across some achievers coming from remote areas, we have to appreciate the individual effort that has gone into it by the student, parents and the teacher but not by the education department which has failed so far to provide the basic needs.

4,The major problem with our system of education is a lack of vision and lack of commitment by the concerned authorities , who are able to bring in the much needed change in the system. We see Education portfolio is more a political circus where just about anybody, depending on their proximity to the top leaders are given the post. Instead if it is given to a minister who is educated and has worked in the educational field for sometime, we may see some far reaching changes. There must be several bodies set up to monitor the system consisting of highly educated and brilliant minds that our nation has produced in spite of many lapses. But do they have the freedom to bring about any positive changes ?

5, It is also a fact that our political system is at the root of all the problems that the education system faces today. There is no minimum educational qualifications laid down for contesting an election where caste, minority issues and sycophancy play a major role. After winning the election one among the candidate who has won will be given a portfolio and if a well- educated person is given the ministry of education, we must consider ourselves lucky.. When such is the case it is not possible to expect any kind of improvement in the near future although some small measures are being taken from time to time.

Conclusion

No system is perfect anywhere in the world , one can only strive harder to make it better. However, positive changes are happening the world over at a much faster pace than in India. We are still at the basics stage where infra structure itself is not up to the mark. So, we cannot even compare our basic school education system to any of the developed countries. Some halfhearted initiatives are taken by the respective states more to garner votes rather than improve the system. Free food and free education for lower castes and scheduled caste is one such measure. It may help to some extent in drawing crowds but is that enough ? In fact such a measure can backfire in the long run since it also teaches the youngsters to expect doles and freebies forever which definitely is not contributory to the society.

To conclude, with all the above points where I have highlighted the negative points in our educational system , it is still considered almost at par with other advanced systems of the western countries. In fact there are many students who have studied in governments schools with very basic amenities but were able to do brilliantly well, with regard to their academics and career . This may be because they realise that unless they work hard they will not get much help from the system, so they tend to go all out to achieve their goals. The very fact that in the United Kingdom the National Health service has more than 40% Indian doctors and the US is filled with our IT Engineers who have studied in India goes to show that Indian students have the potential to compete with any society and its needs around the world.

The development of a nation, we often heard this word from the politician, mostly in election times. But do we realize that the development of nation depends on education of both men and women. It is rather a debating question whether the women in India are actually given equality to men or not. In most developed countries of the world today women enjoy equal rights with men. Such countries know very well the importance of educated women.

Position of women in the past and in present times

The picture was not so balanced in the past. In most of the countries women were treated as inferior to men. Their condition was not better than prisoners in their homes. Actually in some part of the world, husband doesn’t want their wife to come out of their houses and roam around. So a result they don’t receive education which creates lack of knowledge in them. Women are not entertained with social and economic freedom. The only things which they used to do in the earlier days is two things first they had to cook and second they had to play mother role which means they had to look after their sons and daughter and feed them with foods. But since the close of the nineteenth century their position began to improve and which is the good sign for the whole world.

The need of female education

We find several great souls and good hearted person like Rammohan, Vidyasagar etc. who opened for the first time regular schools for them. They tried their best to abolish totally the orthodox-section of the community and which very much hard to do because there are peoples who believe in saying rather than doing but these great men did what they have dreamt of and which is ultimately a great achievement in him. Actually if we keep them in the dark it is bound that half the population will remain ignorance that is an outrage against humanity. So women should be properly educated with men so that they can prove themselves to March hand in hand with men in every walk of life and which is very important for the developing countries.

Conclusion

Now the position of female education is well in our country. So we have some noble ladies who even surpassed men. In India women can enjoy social, political and economic freedom. There are a number of politicians, scientists, social reformers, doctors, educationalist, jurists etc. yet there are some men of deformed mentality who believe that women should not be equal to men. They think women should be confined in homes and play the role of mother only. But it is not right judgement. To make our country more advanced our government should lay stress on female education more than before because there are many small areas and villages where still women are not allowed to go to school and get knowledge from there and also there are many villages where there is no school and there are also some places where there is school but the school education stops till class 4 and higher education are not available. So I wish that the government should concentrate in this matter more seriously than before.

]]>bsaroj2015@gmail.com (Babu saroj)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24853
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24853The advertising world seems to be in a revolutionizing phase. Developing technology and excessive connectivity via online mediums has further advanced the scope of advertising. Particularly social media advertising is blooming tremendously specially due to the huge popularity of various social media platforms as they help people to stay socially connected. Several companies and brands offering various products and services are coming up extensively. With a huge number of brands offering the same product line , it provides the customers a huge variety to choose from. Thus it leads to an increasing need for advertising for all such companies, be it a small or a big reputed brand. To stay in the limelight and become the first choice of their target audiences companies are looking out for creative and talented people or agencies to get their work done in the best possible ways.

These days opportunities are flooding for all the advertising geeks. Thanks to the ever increasing growth of companies coming up with their products and services. The concept of a virtual agency is in vogue. For creating bizarre ad campaigns, the materialistic demands are very easily available and affordable. A great high speed internet, your laptop or computer and most importantly creative thinkers and techno freaks are all you need to start up your own venture in this industry. Mass media students can definitely make attempts to start up with their own virtual business ventures in the advertising world. Advertising is a wide glorifying world. Talented and creative people have a lot of scope for growth here. With the multiplicity of companies arising and the once already existing, lead to further advantage for the ad industry. Competition is enormous; moreover people these days live very occupying and tight scheduled lifestyles. In order to capture attention of the target audiences, the ad makers have with real intriguing, catchy, quirky ideas to advertise.

The world is globalizing. We can term it as that we live in a global village. Internet acts as one of the biggest reason for this continuously increasing connectivity. This gives rise to the online advertising activities. Mostly people nowadays have their own little spaces in the social media world. This becomes a great platform for the marketers to target the rightful audiences. The benefits therefore in reaching out to the apt audience increase tremendously. The various web facilities such as pop ups, web banners, search engine optimization, etc further add to the convenience for specific targeting. Moreover creating pages on social media platforms and continually posting relevant stuff in order to advertise, helps in maintaining a good online image.

Group Discussion is one of the methods or if we explain it in a simple way GD can be called to be a process of interview or evaluate candidates for their abilities to perform in groups. Group discussion is also used as one of the management tools to shortlist the prospective candidates for jobs by the corporate world. GD is generally conducted for various evaluations once the formal telephonic interview is over depending on the needs of a particular company.

These are some of the skills which can be tested by GD including leadership Skills, communication, Interpersonal, motivational Analytical /Logical Skills, team building, capability to take initiative, reasoning ability, flexibility, assertiveness, way of thinking, creativity and take instant decision. However, most candidates commit certain mistakes during discussion which candidates should avoid to better their prospects.

First and foremost

The reason why you are being tested is to evaluate your skills so if you hesitate in speaking feeling you might commit mistakes while speaking is the first mistake you’re committing. The reasons of your hesitation maybe different or multiple but you must learn from them and speak or at least give your best which will encourage you and reduce your hesitation. Persons who learn from their mistakes and do not repeat them certainly achieve their goal.

GD is one of the most important tools for selection process in various sectors which I must admit is not an easy process for young people and some of them may falter in the process but that doesn’t mean that you should not speak or speak very little, therefore the way you interact in a group is an important aspect in your selection. You should know some of the important factors related to GD-

The timing is important factor

Every candidate gets a limited time to put his ideas forward so keep a close watch on your timing and do not wait for someone else to speak first but take the initiative. If you keep waiting for your turn or hesitating the chances are you will miss the bus besides if you speak at a later stage or in the end you might be repeating the ideas already expressed before you. The person that starts the discussion always gets a positive rating but if you still feel hesitant never miss the next chance. So, remember you should utilize your time which may vary from 5 to 10 minutes in best possible way. If you speak at first or second occasion your views will be fresh and not considered as others’ views.

The Language or the original views

Now we come to a very important point of the whole process of group discussion the language. Most of us expect that in corporate selection processes a candidate comes prepared for speaking in English language but not necessarily unless the use of English language is compulsory one can speak in a language he feels comfortable with as the ideas are more important than the language. Some corporate make it clear which languages the candidates can speak during the group discussion. In fact, if a candidate can speak in multiple languages including the local language and English both is considered a better job prospect. GD is medium of expression of ideas where languages take the back seat.

Your self-confidence is important

This is another important point which may determine the fate of your selection process, the self-confidence. If you feel that some of the other candidates are better looking, smart, taller, handsome etc you lost half the battle at that very point. GD is a test of expression and not a competition to select models so the smartness may count but not at this very point, here the competition is about your views and ideas. GD is all about the way you project your timing, the technique, confidence and clarity of ideas and not about how you look.

Stay within allowed limits

Let me make it clear at this point that a GD is all about expression of your own views so it will not be advisable to interrupt anyone during his/her time even if they are absolutely wrong in their view point. It’s for judges to decide as who was wrong or right but if you lose your own control on yourself and say something will only show you in poor light. So, let others finish their expression of views and keep your ideas about him to yourself. In short, if you are asked about his views you can always say you differ with him but this should be done in a mannered way.

If invited to speak to debate on his views you can put your views forward but in a way which does not cross the limit of decency. You are not supposed to talk directly against that person or speak in a way which will end you chances to qualify. In my views you can use the opportunity to put some lights on points not yet touched during the discussion so far. This will lift your image and enhance your chances of selection and the moderators will certainly note the point.

The worst thing you can do in a group discussion is keep repeating the views already expressed by other candidates. If the moderators find you are repeating what has already been said by others then you should think twice before doing so. Repetition is not taken lightly by the moderators of GD who may find you repeating the views already expressed so they might decide to disqualify you. and your efforts will not prove helpful.

Make every move carefully

As I said in the beginning you shall be at an advantageous position if you speak in the beginning or start the discussion. But that does not mean that you should speak without relevancy just for the sake of speaking at an early stage. You will leave a very poor impression on the moderators in case you speak out of the contest so make sure you speak what is expected of you to speak according to occasion and to the point. Speaking too much or which has no reference to the given topic will reduce your chances. GD is all about expressing your best views within the limited time frame without showing any haste which will give other competitors no chance whatsoever to counter your points.

How to stay a step ahead

There is no doubt about the fact that everyone comes well prepare to participate but if you should be focused on the important points which will give you an edge over others. The moderators keep an eye on the points which others might have missed or did not put properly or how you bring new points in the discussion which provide you extra points. The way you speak and counter others in a decent manner show your calmness and logical power.

You must keep a close watch on others and speak something new in a manner which does not sound repetitive but show you in a different light. Finally keep a watch on current affairs while going to attend a GD as most GD are based on current topics especially the incidents during the last ten days. There is one more point which will keep you positive during the GD is your confidence. You have nothing to lose even if you do not succeed in getting the appointment after all you will be getting lot of experience which will help you in your next attempt. fter all a GD is all about evaluation done by experts based on your expression.

]]>me.suny51@gmail.com (suni51)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24632
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24632Students today are burdened with a heavy curriculum and cut throat competition at every step of the way. To keep up with the pressure they start with tuition and coaching quite early in life, which is basically another set of reference books, notes and suggestions, many a times differing from what is taught in their formal classrooms. Students end up with confusion and tension further leading to sleepless nights and ultimately an average result. The reason is lack of clarity, proper guidance and disorganized learning. While there is no clear cut formula to do well in studies, being calm, methodical and sincere goes a long way. Here I’m trying to pen down a few methods which more often than not have proved effective.

1. Relax- The most important thing is to have a relaxed mind before you start studying.’ Early to bed and early to rise’ is the best formula to get up fresh in the morning. Early morning is a goods time to study because at that time you are relaxed and your mind is very alert and receptive. One must make good use of this time. However, some people prefer studying late at night because it is quiet and distractions are less, which is okay but in that case do not attempt to get up early. Being awake till late at night and then getting up early is actually not helpful because if the 8 hour sleep is not complete your brain is not in a position to acquire much information from whatever book you are reading. Recreation, sports, exercises and walks also help relax the mind.

2. Concentrate- Study with total concentration. It is more effective to study for a short while with full concentration as compared to spending a long time in front of the book with mind wavering from time to time to other things. In fact it is better to take a break in when one is unable to concentrate and come back when feeling fresh. It is known that Swami Vivekananda used to read up massive books in hours and remember every detail given in it because he read with total concentration. Meditation helps one focus. It is a good idea for students to meditate for 20 minutes before going to bed. It also helps calm you.

3. Inquire- When studying, pick up one topic and try understanding it completely. Ask questions. We have seen in small children that they are in awe of the world ‘Why’ is something they ask for every little thing coming their way. Bring that on. Don’t learn anything mechanically or don’t believe anything without understanding. Ask your teachers (which includes anyone who is willing to guide you) for explanation to theories, laws, formulae or even a story in literature. Question till you understand completely. Take help of whatever aids you get, like real specimen, models, pictures or books. Science is based on proof, so, ask for it, do the experiments, go to laboratories, make use of libraries. Once we understand something, it is much easier to learn and remember not just for exams but for life.

4. Summarize first and then Elaborate- Get the gist or the essence of the topic, especially if you are referring to many books. It is important to make a summary and note down what is required or what is important. Apart from helping you learn, it comes in handy during Exams when we have time only for revision. Highlighting the key words and writing points in the notes also help recall details. From the key words elaborate in your own words. This clears the concept.

5. Use Mnemonics-Certain things need to be memorized, be it the names of cranial nerves in Biology, the first twenty elements of the Periodic table in Chemistry or various formulae in Maths and Science. Use of Mnemonic devices is a good way to memorize a sequence. Mnemonics are easy to remember sentences or pictures which can be used to learn the difficult words of curriculum. To quote an example, you would find it difficult to remember the sequence of the cranial nerves as Olfactory, Optic, Occulomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens,Facial, Auditory, Glossopharingeal, Vagus , Accessory, Hypoglossal in that order but it would be easy for you to remember- On Occasions, Our Trusted Truck Acts Funny, AGreat Vehicle Any How . Since the first letters of the two sets of words are same, it will be easy for you to replace the second set with the first one and get the correct order if you know the nerves. There are some well known Mnemonics used since ages but they can also be made up by students the way they want.

6. Write- Written practice has proved helpful time and again in learning and remembering. Mathematics has no other alternative but to go for written practice. I believe it works in other subjects too. Frame questions from the lessons in addition to what is given in your text book Exercises and write notes.

7. Make it a continuous process- Learning should not be kept for the examination time. It should be done every day. This way the syllabus does not pile up and one is not at a loss just before the exams. It is not important to put in a lot of hours. Even if you put in just one or two hours, make sure you do it whole heartedly. “I’ll do it tomorrow” attitude is addictive. So, try avoiding it unless absolutely necessary.

8. Set a target – This is actually continuation of the previous point but I’m separating the two in order to emphasize on the importance of planning. Allot a study time and decide how much you plan to learn. This can be done on a weekly basis. Keep other commitments in mind while planning. Doing on monthly basis many a times upsets plans due to various reasons like sudden outings, visitors and so on. Decide at the beginning of the week how much of your syllabus you intend to complete in the coming week. Do it seriously and try to achieve the target you have set. Go by what your school/college is teaching at a point of time. That way you will not be lagging behind. For junior classes, I feel it is enough if students just come home every day and revise, learn, understand what has been done in school that day.

Effective learning and effective teaching are interrelated in ways more than one. It is the duty of the parents and teachers to guide their children to be systematic in their approach. Every student is different and need to be guided accordingly. The idea is to get the best out of them based on their aptitude without getting them bogged down or hassled. While it is okay to be a little worried before the exams because that pushes one to study, losing sleep over it or getting over-stressed leads to ‘Test anxiety’ and interferes with the performance a great deal. Our children can give their best only if we understand them and support them based on their needs and abilities.

]]>lopamudra.lopamudra@gmail.com (Lopamudra)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24580
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24580The art of portrayal is very crucial. Knowledge accompanied by effective presentation skills leads to an excellent performance. The need for effective presentation skills are important for both students as well as working professionals. Improper presentation of your researched information or knowledge can at times ruin your performance.Therefore it is must to develop effective presentation skill sets.

Developing effective presentation skills is not a tough job. With proper identification of your presentation flaws and working on your flaws with utmost sincerity, can help one to get rid of their flaws while presenting. Following are the simple ways to develop effective presentation skills.

The most important aspect is confidence.

Do not let your confidence levels to droop down. Lack of confidence reduces your actual capabilities to perform and thus weakens your performance. Whereas over confidence can be heinous too. Therefore it is very important to believe in yourself and your capabilities. Also confidence develops effectively when you are well prepared with your content to be presented. So the idea is too keep yourself prepared and meanwhile calm and confident to give your best output.

Maintain proper body language.

Too many hand gestures and restless movement from one place to another or back and forth , while presenting can annoy the audience. In order to get rid of this flaw one must rehearse multiple times before the actual presentation. While you rehearse, stand in front of the mirror and keenly observe your gestures while you present and then try and improve yourself wherever you lack. Or one can even record their performing rehearsals and then keenly observe and improve all the flaws and other element which might deteriorate your presentation.

Proper pitch, tone, and speed should be maintained while presentation.

It's very important for the presenter to maintain an appropriate pitch, tone and speed while delivering their information orally without which the audience might get irritated and might lose interest in your presentation. While you rehearse listen to your own self otherwise you can also take help of your family members and friends to help you identify how you sound while presenting then you can work really well to improve your presentation.

Maintain proper eye contact

Present in such a way that the audience should get the feel that you are communicating to each one of them. Interactive presentations work really well. Involve your audience by maintain a proper eye contact with all of them. Do not get conscious and constantly stare at one position while you are presenting . Instead circulate attention to all the members of your audience.

So prepare well and be well equipped.Believe in yourself and trust your abilities. Do not let negative thoughts splurge in your mind while you are presenting as this might lead to weakening your confidence level. So prepare well and be well equipped and give your best performance.

Exams are an integral part of every academic process to test a student’s ability to understand a subject and to measure their performance. Well we all know there’s no way to escape exams but yeah there are many ways to escape the stress that’s exams usually create and the side effects of stress.

Prior preparations for your exams definitely aids in reducing stress to a large extent but sometimes effective preparations are not enough. Remember when it comes to appearing for your exams both over confidence and also lack of confidence can turn out to be heinous for your performance. After all exams are brain games wherein in a stipulated period of time you are supposed to answer some questions based on the knowledge and information that you have stored in your brain. So students should try their best to keep themselves distressed during exams and also to keep a positive attitude and confidence in you. Don’t underestimate your abilities as this will prevent you from taking excessive stress.

Exams are mostly accompanied by rigorous hard work and yeah hard work pays off, but only and only if you work hard smartly. Smartly here implies effective means to allow your mind and body work hard without creating excess stress which ultimately affects your performance.

Beat the stress don’t let it affect you and your studies.

It’s really simple,

Take short intervals between your study schedules, do not plan continuous long hours of studying. Short intervals are essential because humans have a capacity to concentrate and study for shorter durations after which they tend to lose their focus and then it’s not possible to learn and understand effectively. If you take short breaks between your study schedules, it will help you grasp your subject faster and also aids in storing your subject data in your long term memory effectively. With proper concentration and focus even if you have minimal time period to study you will be efficiently able to do so.

Proper sleep hours are essential. Do not compromise on your sleep hour’s .If you have minimal time left for your exams and a lot of your study portion is remaining to be covered up and revised then the best way is too take mini power naps that is sound sleep for short duration that energizes and freshens you up and releases your stress.

Eat well and drink sufficient amount of water. Proper diet energizes you and gears you up for working hard and helps reducing stress too.

While you take mini breaks in between your study schedules, you can either take your power naps or you can carry out your favorite hobbies. Listening to your favorite music, or playing a sport that you like the most, or watching your favorite TV series or any other activity that you adore can work really great in releasing stress and energizing you and also helps in aiding your memory.

Having short conversations with your family and friend also works as a stress buster at times. While you study, do not continuously sit in a particular place as it restricts proper blood circulation in your body. Exercise and yoga helps in building up your stamina and concentration powers. Go outdoors, take a walk for some time, and breathe fresh.

All these small efforts really work wonders during your exams preparations. They help in distressing and building up positivity in you for giving your best performance in your exams.

]]>pawanidube@gmail.com (Pawani Dube)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24524
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24524In today's world to live a sufficient and a happy life we all need to be qualified for that, qualified for that means for every deed that we are going to do in this world we need to be eligible for that like having an education certificate or any technical degree for a specified job.

CHILDHOOD AND SCHOOL EDUCATION

As from the starting of our life we just get only 2 years to play and get accompanied by our parents, our mother and our father. And after that our parent takes us to the education sector and admit us in the school so that we can get some knowledge and know the world very well. We all know that how we learn in the childhood, we cry we make excuses so that we cannot go for school and for tutor classes. But as the time passes we get habitual of learning and we stop making excuses for learning, the time passes and we reach our class 10 level, we get brave ,cleaver etc. Our class 10 result is very important for us as it decide on which path we are going in near future.

HIGHER EDUCATION CLASS 10TH AND 12TH

We reached our 1st destination, which is class 10 and after completing we go to class 11 and after completing that we go to class 12. We work very hard for class 10 and 12 and after working hard day and night we pass the examination and we go to college.

COLLEGE EDUCATION BACHELOR DEGREE

After completing school education, we go to more higher education to get qualified for any job, it take 3 years to do bachelor degree and after learning so much we pass these also. And after completing bachelor degree we go to master degree but most of them they don't do it because of house problem or financial or they don't have interest in study anymore. This is the 2nd destination that one's achieve.

JOB AND THE NEED OF HIGHER AND MORE DEGREES

Just calculate how much time we wasted in studies for doing class 10 + nursery and kg (12 years) for class 12 (2 years) and for bachelor degree (3 years) total is 12+2+3=17 (17 years). it means that we wasted our 17 years in study, which means half of our life in study. But when we go for a job they just reject us like that saying that you are not qualified and you need more qualification and now a days they say us to get some technical degree also to get that particular job it means more and more degree but after bringing them also the result is 0, we don't get any job. The main thing is that the company or any firm don't need our qualification or our degrees they just need bribe. This corruption is so much spread in India that the qualified persons are not getting job instead of them the person who is not qualified who is not suitable is getting the job. This makes both the firm and the quality of the firm gets bad name.

WHICH IS IMPORTANT MONEY OR EDUCATION ?????????

This question always arise in my mind, which is important money or education. Well I think that money is important because if we don't get money we cannot complete our study so ultimately money is bigger and giant from education. All you need to have money to get a perfect and wealthy and healthy life . But sometime these question also arouse in my mind that if we don't have knowledge then we cannot do anything in these bad world so knowledge is also important. And if we have knowledge we can make good amount of money from our knowledge. So knowledge is also important to make money. Ultimately I fall in dilemma and I came to that point where I was stuck, but I never gave up I keep on thinking which is bigger money or education. I firmly believe that knowledge which come from education is important because the reason is that if we don't have knowledge we cannot do anything in these bad world. So knowledge which come from education is important and it has got more value than money.

CONCLUSION

Don't be afraid, don't think of future just keep on studying make your knowledge go vast and deep as ocean. Strength your knowledge as your weapon show the world that you don't need any job or any placement to prove yourself. Make yourself as cleaver as nobody. Make yourself as, wherever you stand the job will have to come to your feet. Be positive be yourself. Never ever try to make yourself as other wants you to be, be you. Have the awesome feeling of the heaven because the earth is paradise and will become awesome for you if you want to get the awesome feeling because its all upon you what you want. Never think that money is bigger or larger than education. Have fun have dream full life

]]>bsaroj2015@gmail.com (Babu saroj)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24185
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24185An Industrial Revolution of 1950, has brought about specialization and growth in the size of the organizations, awakening in labour, resulting in the formation of various labour organizations and federation. Cultural and social changes are now very fast due to the changes in the educational background, changes in social values of labour and changes in the managerial viewpoint, etc. In addition, to the above changes, there are fast changes in the form of business organizations, cooperation of science and industry and the control and coordination in industrial set-ups.

Now the subject of Personnel Management has acquired considerable authority and is fruitfully utilized for the welfare of personnel serving in the industry. This has acquired more dimensions, scope and significance in the wake of recent increase in industrial unrests. Now personnel management is called as "Human Resource Management”. Human Resource Management deals with ‘personnel’ of the organisation. So it needed to obtain and retain employees or to get and keep workers.

Any business is a partnership of shareholders, employees, consumers, community and the Government. Each of these partners have different expectations from the business. The shareholders expect higher dividend; the employees job security; job satisfaction and growth; the consumers-better value for the money in terms of the quality and service; the community-the fulfilment of social obligation and price stability and the Government- the economic growth and development of the country. The challenge before the managers is to merge and balance the interest and expectations of various partners in the business and to ensure the productive utilization of various resources. The managers have the responsibility of safeguarding the public and national interest besides meeting their obligation towards the organization, employees, and consumers and all those who deal and transact with the society and the nation as a whole. Managers should endeavour to accomplish the modern methods of effective management and efficient administration. All aware of the various resources, e.g. Material, Machine, Men, Money, Energy and Management are all important in achieving the productivity of the organization. It is the human asset, the centre of all resources which converts the various resources into the productive resource.

Organizations of today are producing products and services which were unknown in the past and thus giving a new life with more material comforts than ever before. All these comforts are possible through the effective utilization of human resource which need to be polymerized in an organization to result in a cohesive and enormous force. The human polymerization needs individual, ideas and desire of organisational system. Polymerisation could be possible if an individual would establish a 'bond with other individuals, multiply and generate power to create, build and to produce. It is the human resource which has to harness all other resources effectively. It is only the human resource which appreciates with time whereas all other resources undergo the process of depreciation. Human resource adds to value, while all other resources add to the cost. All the terms buy the same material and the machines but it is the people in the firm who build the organization and make a difference in the final product. A machine's maximum value reaches the day it starts producing. Man never reaches an ultimate value throughout his life time at work, but is able to change, grow and enrich his value.

Success of an organization mainly depends on the quality of its manpower and its performance. Any forward looking management will be greatly concerned with the problems of developing adequate talent for manning various positions in the organization. There is a need for effective manpower planning and development, motivation, effective personnel policies and leadership, resulting in an organizational climate which may adapt to the changing and dynamic environment. The role of building a motivated management inventory is with the managers managing the Human Resource. Gone are the days of handicraft when it was possible to take the best efforts from workers who were the members of the same family. In the era of automation and computerization, there is a need to create an atmosphere within the organization so that the work force is motivated for honest and sincere efforts. The will to be something different from the power or capacity to work. One can buy man's time, his physical efforts, but not his enthusiasm, initiative or loyalty. Thus, enthusiasm or willingness to work can be created by motivation.

Motivation means inspiring the person with a zeal to work for the accomplishment of the organizational objectives. Effective motivation succeeds not only in having an order accepted but also in gaining determination to see that it is fulfilled efficiently and effectively. Everyone knows that motivation gains momentum when it embraces leadership and direction that can elicit the full cooperation of the team which is so vital to the organization. Basic concept behind motivation is to emphasize the importance of human resource and how this resource can utilize other resources effectively. Because human performance is a product of ability and motivation and business performance being the product of human performance and physical factors, therefore, motivating the force which is the product of situation and the attitude of the people need to be cultivated by the practising managers so that they are able to get the best and consistent work out of their people towards productivity and resource utilization. Management is primarily a human activity. The various functions of a manager, may be in any discipline- Material, Finance, Production or Engineering can be classified as Managerial Functions and Operative Functions. The managing functions in all the above disciplines are identical, i.e., Planning, Organising, Directing, Coordinating and Controlling but the operative functions vary depending on the discipline.

Therefore, for effective managerial functions, the professional art and science of working with and through the people is very important. Effective management is as good an asset as material, finance, machine, etc. Effective management is the life blood of an organization. Management adds a real plus value to the operation of any enterprise. It is like adding two plus two and getting five. Management is an activating resource which provides new ideas and vision to the work group for smooth flow of work by strengthening weak links and establishing team spirit amongst the personnel.

]]>abhinavkumar8055@hotmail.com (Abhinav Kumar)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24009
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=24009School education in India has undergone massive change or rather is undergoing a massive change. Change in terms of infrastructure, change in terms of curriculum and change in the medium of delivery of education and instruction. Yes, we now have international schools, with hi-tech language labs, science labs, computer labs and so on. In few of these schools, students don’t even carry books and note books to and from their homes. They have lockers where they can keep their books and other paraphernalia in the school itself.

Various such schools have already gone ahead and included digital education. By digital I mean smart classes, in addition to having study from a classic text book, student and teachers now have access to smart classes, digital classes. Educators, content writers, Instructional designers, catering to school education are rapidly building smart digital content for schools focusing on various classes starting from class 1 up to class 12, which is better known as K-12.

Blended learning – a mix of both text book learning and smart or digital text and digital education classes are soon becoming part of school education. To enable the smooth delivery of such learning, smart tablets are being provided. These tablets are at times preloaded with educational content. In fact such ebooks will become part and parcel of every student’s school education. Teaching using both text books and ebooks and elearning modules is believed to make easy comprehension of difficult concepts. Concepts are being easily explained using diagrams, images, and simple animations. In fact, in the very near future, extensive use of educational ebooks will have a major impact on the entire education system. It is likely that there might be an entire shift from text books to ebooks altogether. Digital education or digitizing school education can benefit everyone, teacher, students, and parents. With digital education in place, teachers and parents can keep track of the students/children’s progress, their weak areas, or areas of improvement, the areas where they excel, their progress in terms of class work, home assignments and so on. Many private organizations have made considerable progress in this regard. An organization catering to K-12 education such as Educomp, has made a niche for itself in this training and learning industry. Though there are numerous other companies focusing on digitizing school education that are also facilitating digital school education.

Of course, for all the schools to adapt the digital educational facility such as ebooks, smart tabs and blended learning will take time and in India it is still in its nascent stage, but very soon, we can see some huge progress made in this field. Already, in few schools black boards have been replaced with white boards, there is provision of over head projectors. In addition to getting digital boards in classrooms; students have access to tablets and mobile devices which have preloaded educational content in them.

But, when on one hand we have digital version of text books, ebooks, elearning being adapted in some schools, there are few schools in our country which lack basic facility, such as lavatories, text books, basic sitting arrangements, and teachers. So, there should also be conscious effort made to bring such schools that lag behind at par with other schools so that we have equality in terms of education. Well, only time will tell if such digitizing will act as a boon or a bane in the coming years.

]]>9.mousumi@gmail.com (Mousumi Ghosh)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=23842
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=23842In what may be seen as the worst crisis of our times -- a so-called educational system totally out of tune with market realities and expectations or requirements of organizations in the real world, we have one big opportunity -- to totally revamp the System, by making it as close to real world experiences,and real world requirements as possible.

This can be done, if one takes a look at what is going on in some wonderful colleges, irrespective of whether they are arts and science colleges, or engineering or even medical colleges.

Going Beyond Routines

Every college in our country is affiliated to one University or the other. However, the so-called "syllabus" that is followed for each every course is totally outdated and is very theoretical. The students are not taught life skills, that is, skills that will help them to take up productive jobs, fetching them a good salary and a good future.

For example, the students of History do get to understand the various aspects of culture that prevailed during the various periods of time, in the past. They also get to learn about how important certain monuments and places are and what they signify.

But do they learn the skills so badly required to translate such knowledge into a commercially and socially desirable job, as for example, tourist guides? Absolutely not. They do not acquire such skills at all.

Certain Universities in India, even offer courses in tourism, as correspondence courses. What the students learn is mere academic knowledge, which does not take them anywhere.

However, in the now world-famous MOP Vaishnav College for Women, Chennai, for example, the students are compulsorily taught to think far beyond the curriculum and are even taught entrepreneurship skills, that have indeed produced many women entrepreneurs.

Similarly, the students are regularly taught to make presentations, and students have to compulsorily learn about all current affairs. For instance, on day three of the college, in the very first year, a student of commerce is forced to learn all about the current economic situation in India, and come up with her views on what can be done to get over the situation in the short term. Such thinking forces the student to look for new vistas in knowledge, and helps the student to learn new perspectives in her life.

We need to go away from the "frog-in-the-well" approach, where students are mere frogs in their small wells. They do not understand the wider world around them, the opportunities and challenges available, and how to develop skill sets pertinent to such challenges.

There are now hundreds of new courses, that are not only really industry-oriented, but are also game changers.

The Bachelor of Science course started in Visual Communication at the superb Loyola College, Chennai, for the first time in India, over two decades ago, is one such example. Today, this course is available in many colleges throughout India. The students get to learn copy writing, advertising, script writing, film direction, creativity and innovation and so on. Once this happens and the skill sets get so easily formed in a highly motivating environment, the students go on to become superb event managers, comperes, and so on. Many have entered the film industry. This course boasts guest lectures from the likes of the highly acclaimed Kamal Hasan, an Indian actor with several National awards to his credit.

The so-called educational planners need to take a big look at such innovative experiments and then start exploring how similar changes can happen in other colleges as well.

We can go on blaming the so-called educational system. But what can we really do about changing it for the better?

The aforesaid question should haunt us for ever, and we should learn to come out of the shell, and bring about drastic reform.

In emerging areas, new courses need to be started. For example, there are not many Universities where there are Master's Degree level courses in Capital Markets or Insurance Management.

Universities need to tie-up with institutions such as the Unit Trust of India, or the ICICI Bank and introduce such courses. Many Universities should enter into an understanding in the form of Memorandum of Understanding ( MOUs) with Banks, for example, and introduce the Master's Degree Course in Bank Management (MBM) and take the learning forward, so that the needs of the industry can be addressed.

One really very good course which offers a good grounding in reality is the Master's Degree Course in Social Work (MSW) with a specialization in Human Resources Management. In the second year of the two-year course, for two full days, the students have to compulsorily undergo internship in some industrial organization and get to understand how the theory gets implemented in practice -- for example, how the organization starts implements the labor laws.

We need to go a long way in understanding the actual needs of the industry and wider society around us and then train the students for such requirements through suitable job-oriented courses.

We cannot and should not talk about past glory. The education system needs really good restructuring, of a very tall order.

Faculty with industry experience

It is a very commonobservation that wherever there are teachers with industry experience, who can bring to the class rooms their rich learning from practical experience, the learning becomes far more practical and meaningful. For instance, why can't colleges rope in the services of retired but suitably qualified teachers to teach commerce subjects? We need to think of such radical reforms as well.

Certain colleges have already started doing such experiments, and in each of the cases, the results are far better when compared to the conventional style of functioning.

Learning from the likes of Loyola College, Chennai, or the Christ University, Bangalore or the SRM University, Chennai, will help a great deal. In fact, the UGC needs to prepare a detailed list of such colleges and their achievements and then do extensive research as to how such learning can be extended to other colleges in a very systematic manner.

The industry-institution interface needs to become more systematic as well. At the moment, this is far from satisfactory.

To conclude, some drastic surgery is called for, particularly when educational reform needs to be done, in a vital area like improving educational standards in colleges.

Examination is a continuous and life long process of our educational system. It also occupies a central position in our educational system. From time to time, examinations in our educational system have come in for severe criticism. Since the India attained independence the question of changing pattern of examination along with changing the educational system in our country has been engaging the attention of the researchers, educationists, teachers as well as government. Unfortunately, the maxim happens to be misconceived and misinterpreted. It does not achieve the real objective of the curriculum. The majority of the students have come to look upon them as necessary evils-hurdles to be crossed by fair means or fouls. With increasing malpractices coming into vogue, examinations have actually become farcical in the character. Almost everybody feels convinced that, as conducted at present; they do not serve the purpose for which they are intended. A very convincing demonstration of this growing cynicism about university, college and school examinations is the increasing preference shown by employers for recruitment tests devised by themselves.

What is the purpose behind examinations?

They are means of assessing not only the academic standards attained by students but also of evaluating the quality of the teaching imparted to them. Instructions and assessment are two stages in the same process, and in any review, they have to be assigned equal importance. Examination Reforms cannot but be part of any scheme of educational reform as a whole. The main reason why many people tend assign more importance to examinations then may be legitimately due to them is the craze for degrees. But the overvaluation of the degree in the employment market for jobs requiring no specialized knowledge has without doubt done incalculable harm to our educational system as well a whole and turned examinations into a farce. It has confused our sense of priorities and created in many of us a tendency to look upon them as the central issue of education.

The quality of education cannot be improved till the teacher taught ratio is reduced to manageable proportions. Another factor that has played a important role undermining the quality the instruction in our schools and colleges is the increasing commercialization of education. As everywhere else, in this sphere also, professional pride has yielded place to the profit motive. Today if someone refers to teachers as nation builders, a large majority of them would take it as a joke. They know it very well that in a society in which it is mainly a person's materials worth that counts, the teacher is placed fairly down in the social scale.

Yet another disease that has overtaken our educational institutions and done great harm on the instructional side is the fact that academic life in our country has also been politicalized to deplorable extent. Today, politics on the campus is not confused to jockeying for positions carrying prestige and influence. It has also percolated down to levels where it has become a determinant of student-teacher relationships, and very often a deciding factor in inter-staff and inter-student rivalries. Such political alignments are reflected not only in frequent resort to agitations by students, but also very often influence the conduct of examinations in the form of licensed mass-copying, assaults on invigilators and other malpractices.

Coming to manner in which examinations are conducted in India, one cannot help feeling that the system is tyrannical in some respects. One long ordeal at the end of a year, gone through under severe psychological strain could hardly ever be a fair test of the knowledge and proficiency a candidate has acquired over a period of time. Moreover, the wide time-lag between the final tests induces among a majority of students a tendency to take it easy in the beginning, and to try to catch up on studies during the last two or three months only. Thus before even they have joined the active work force in the country, most of our young people lose the capacity for sustained effort, and that becomes a life-long habit which pulls them down in their careers.

Another serious defect from which the present system of examinations in India suffers is the practice of assessing the examinees' performance in terms of precise marking, which betrays a rather simplistic approach - the tendency to evaluate everything in arithmetical terms. Except in the case of exact science likes mathematics, this is certainly no way of grading scholarly performance. The method is highly arbitrary and invidious. With the weight of numbers increasing every year, there is every likelihood that the system will undergo further distortions with the passage of time.

Sometimes ago the Universities Grants Commission circulated to all universities in the country a report entitled "Examination Reform - A plan of action". The suggestions put forward in the report included introduction of the semester system, more emphasis being laid on internal assessment, development of question banks, a system of grading to replace the pass/fail system, new methods of setting question papers and conduct of examinations etc. There was hardly new about these ideas. They have been tried in several countries and many of them are in vogue today. Not all of them have been found to be fool-proof. Even the best of systems can lend itself to misuse if the will to improve is lacking. We must try to learn from the experience of the others and evolve a system which does not cause abrupt dislocation in the existing system, curbs the mad rush to instructions of higher learning, stimulates professional pride among teachers and introduces methods whereby the students are encouraged to put in sustained effort throughout the year and feel more involved in the in the process of learning for its own sake.

Why is Examination Reforms necessary?

There are many reasons of reforming examination. According to National Focus Group, I have recommended eight (8) possible reasons why Examination Reforms is necessary.

There is need for functional and reliable system of school-based evaluation.

There is often a lack of full disclosure and transparency in grading.

While number of boards use good practices in pre-exam and exam management there remain several glaring shortfalls at several boards.

The quality of question papers is low. They usually call for rote memorization and fail to test higher-order skills like reasoning and analysis, let alone lateral thinking, creativity and judgment.

Indian School board exams are largely inappropriate for the 'knowledge society' of the 21st century and its need for innovative problem-solvers.

They do not serve the needs of social Justice.

They are inflexible. Based on a 'one-size-fits-all' principle, they make no allowance for different types of learners and learning environments.

They include a an inordinate level of anxiety and stress, In addition to widespread trauma, mass media and psychological counselors report a growing number of exam-induced suicides and nervous breakdowns.

Conclusion:

It should be clear from the above discussion that examinations in India need serious reforming as well as it should also be recognized that examination reforms has the potential to lead educational reform. In order to reform the examination system, the educational institutions need to consistency strive towards excellence and chalk out new strategies. This can be done by organizing workshops, training sessions, refresher courses and all above all by developing an advanced work culture. Reforming examinations alone will attain very little unless it is accompanied by other basic reforms, improvement of teacher training, teacher quality and teacher-student ratio. In addition, make the curriculum and textbooks more relevant and interesting and challenging. At secondary level, spending more on education will be vital. It has often been lamented that in Indian education the tail (assessment) has usually wagged the dog (of learning and teaching). The de-emphasizing exams will certainly liberate the learning and teaching process from its straitjacket. But in the educational system this pivotal position of exams can be used to leverage age advantage - to hasten reform within Indian education as whole.

]]>enrique.ddp@rediffmail.com (SUJIT)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=23335
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=23335Scout education imparts the lesson of self discipline in its students. Scouts help others selflessly. They become independent. They develop love towards their nation and learn to serve others. Organization of scout teaches their students games to increase their physical ability as well as to sharpen their mental powers. They teach methods by which people can be served efficiently like methods of extinguishing fire, methods of saving people getting drowned in water, providing first aid to injured people etc.....

It is not enough for mankind to become good humans unless they bring that humanity in action. The main principle of this organization is to teach their students, techniques of bringing their goodness into action and helping others. Youngsters are not only taught to serve others, in fact they are taught the methods by which they can lend their service to others in the best possible way so that receivers may greatly be benefited by it.

Scout organization teaches varieties of tactics to the individuals who are joining them. For example, if a horse due to any reason being disturbed, becomes uncontrollable and starts running towards crowded area. There no one dares themselves to control it and even if some one makes an effort to stop it, can get badly injured. There are certain special techniques to stop the running horse. By these techniques without making much effort and without putting one's life in stake, disturbed horse could be easily controlled. Such techniques are well taught to their students by the organization of scout. Apart from this, organization also teaches that students shouldn't sit idle. They must always keep themselves busy in work. This is because employed people always keep themselves far away from bad habits.

During Boer War which took place between 1899-1900 in South Africa, British army and few British citizens both male and female and children got surrounded by the enemy. Responsibility of their protection came on the shoulders of Colonel Robert Baden Powell. He adopted a strategy and as per that made each and every man to protect some part of the land. There arose a question in his mind that what kind of help could he take from young kids. At the end, he made these kids as scouts and took their help. Such tasks were earlier done by army men but even kids could easily lend their help in doing them. Some of the tasks were like keeping an eye on enemy army from a distant safe place, giving signals to distant areas with the help of lamps or flags, identifying signals of approach of enemy by keeping their ear close to the land. This proved to be very beneficial and was great success. Many army men freely participated in wars who earlier wouldn't be able to do so as they would get stuck in such tasks. These scouts worked more than what they ate. Children since had good sight and alertness they could easily complete all tasks and would gather many information which even experienced army men couldn't do.

After the war, Baden Powell organized scout camp in some other form. It's main aim now was not to help the army. It started developing self-dependency, power of knowledge, service and co-operation among children. In this organization, kids of very young age to youngsters were admitted and as per their abilities scout knowledge was imparted to them. Scouts were asked to take an oath that they will keep faith in God, King and Country. They were asked to do at least one good work on daily basis and they would always keep themselves eager in lending help to others. Ten rules were made for them. Efforts were made to make them follow all the rules. Some of the rules were like scouts will always speak truth, all will believe in them, they will become independent, all the other scouts will be like their brothers etc.....

Main principles of scout organization:-

Scouts should learn the way of co-operating, helping and living happily with each other. Each and every scout learns to become self dependent. They should remain always alert and use their powers properly. One can help others only if way of helping them is well known. Thus, scouts should learn these ways and keep themselves always ready to serve others. Just perceiving advice is not enough, in fact these advices and suggestions has to be practiced. Scout organization believe in giving less advice and helps students to practice and master the arts by which they can serve mankind. Scouts should not have expectation of receiving any regards or price or gift in favor of the service they lend.

In this organization, groups are formed of 8-10 children of same age. From each group one child is selected as the leader of their group. This leader imparts education to rest of the students under the guidance of scout-master. Each and every scout of that group obey the duty of their leader. There's lot of scope of laughter and entertainment among students but as soon as they receive the order of their leader, they become alert and obey their duties as if he is their army leader. Each group is named differently like Samdal, Bheemdal, Laxmandal, Arjundal, Hanumandal etc..... They are made to learn many songs which could fill in them a lot of enthusiasm in the time of struggle. They also learn to enact play, mimic, sing songs, play instruments and many more things. This is done to help them pass their time easily during leisure.

They are taught to wrap their bed sheets, clean their clothes, clean their shoes etc..... so that they do not have to depend on others for their work. For the same reason they are also taught to cook their own food. They are taught to collect woods and cow dung cakes and burn them without the help of match stick in their camps. Without the help of tea filter they are taught the technique of filtering the tea. Moral is to teach them not to sit idle during time of trouble and complete all tasks happily.

They too have a uniform the way army men have. Each one of them has a stick, rope and a bag to keep necessary items. With the help of all these articles they learn to make multiple arrangements like making their own tents during night time for relaxation, to make stairs or bridge, to make a rope which can save person from being drowned in water, to make stretcher to carry an ill or injured person. After receiving the training, scouts making use of their stick and rope can help others in many ways.

Scouts are trained in wood craft. This increases their ability of seeing and understanding the things. For example, if at any place burnt wood or cow dung cakes are present then each scout group is asked to find out what type of human had arrived over there. They are asked to identify many things like what was the reason of those people to come over there, why did they lit the fire, what kind of food was prepared by them, how long was the time spent by them, in which direction did they move and many more such questions. By looking at the foot prints of animals they can tell that it belongs to which animal and where did it go. By keeping their ears close to the land they can tell which activities are carried out in near by places.

Scouts by learning proper education from their leaders in the scout organization, serve people and the country. Even after doing so much of effort, they neither expect any sort of gift nor wants to be praised. They perceive their happiness by just serving others. Such is the power and magic of scout training.

]]>rinsupreme82@gmail.com (Reena)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=23000
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=23000The list of the top 200 universities of the world has been declared. Not a single Indian university finds place in this list. After sixty seven years of independence India has not been able to nurture even a single university which can be considered world class. What a great fall in standards for a country which had the distinction of setting up the first global university at Nalanda, centuries ago.

Today Indian universities have become like factories producing large number of graduates and a handful of post graduates and doctorates, almost all of whom have received knowledge only to be retained as information. It is a telling comment on our educational system that it promotes learning by mugging and does not promote hunger for the unknown by inculcating an intense desire in the learner for seeking out the mysteries of the unknown.

The country's premier institutes like the IIT's produce technocrats many of whom have gone and done MBA and risen to high posts in a very limited number of global firms. This is enough for every one in the country to shout from rooftops that Indian education is world class. Nothing could be far from the truth. In fact even the IIT's have nothing to show on the Research and Development front. They have become islands of relative excellence in a sea of mediocrity. Even IIT graduates need MBA degree to become employable. What can then one say of non IIT engineering colleges.

Till a few years back cracking the IIT or IIM entrance exams was considered to be very tough. However coaching institutes in Kota have successfully coached hundreds of students to crack the entrance exams and secure admissions. The IIT's are now finding that these students are really good at not studies but cracking entrance exams. Once in they are finding it very difficult to cope with their curriculum and the IIt's are worried at the poor quality of their intake.

In order to keep pace with the vast number of students seeking admissions in colleges, the government has permitted the setting up of colleges in all disciplines by the private sector. It has also a system of giving deemed university status to many private institutions. A noble idea indeed to impart education to the teeming millions who emerge from schools.

However the Indian politician and corporate sector was just waiting for this opportunity. In no time practically a large number of private colleges and universities have come up in almost all states. Needless to say that the quality of education in most of them is wide off the mark. In fact they are seen as money minting ventures. Facilities are not provided although they exist on paper. On the day of inspection teachers and administrators are brought in for a few days and they go away after the inspection is over. Every one except the inspecting authority knows about this. I have been once approached to accept an offer by a private institute to come to the office only for a period of twenty days in a year during period of inspection and sign certain papers. For this I was offered a sum of thirty grand every month.

I once interviewed sixty engineers from a newly established government engineering college. I and my colleagues ere shocked to see that not a single student could even answer basic questions in their field and all of them had scored very high marks in almost all subjects. It turned out that the college had no laboratories,nor a library and not even full complement of teachers. They were taught by a handful of teachers and to cover up given marks liberally. I am pretty sure none of them must have got a job in their field of engineering. So much for integrity in our educational system.

The mushrooming of management colleges has lowered the value of the MBA degree. Except the top fifty or so colleges, MBA graduates from other colleges are being employed at Rs 4-5,000 per month salaries, after having paid hefty amounts of fees. However one must also not fail to appreciate the burning desire in almost all Indian families nowadays to get their children educated so that they can lead a better life. For this they are prepare to undergo economic hardships and make sacrifices if required.

Instead of recognising this noble desire, private enterprises are out to make money and churn out low quality graduates into the job market. a hapless government can do nothing but watch this decay of educational standards. Graduates today are not able to write proper sentences nor are they able to express themselves. It is common to see college students attending coaching classes and not their university classes. The teachers are now paid good salaries but a majority of them are not sincere to their profession.

We are not a proud country. We do not value our achievements. We are not interested in contributing to the development of the world in different areas. We are very happy that outsiders are doing research and coming out with innovative products which w are happy to purchase and enjoy. Therefore the aim of an average Indian is to try and gain a education degree which will give him sufficient earning capability with which he or she can buy material goods. Status in society is still judged by the amount of physical possessions and not by amount of knowledge and capability one has.In the marriage market a groom with large material possessions is valued much higher than some one with knowledge and high capabilities.

Thus when society does not value knowledge and innovation why should the market produce them. The universities have become increasingly the play ground for recruitment of youth into politics. Elections are fought in universities with far more vigour than acquiring of education. The syndicates of many universities are battleground of political parties. Decisions are delayed because of politics. University VC's are chosen from a very narrow pool of one's state only and that too on political considerations.

It therefore is not surprising to find increasing number of brilliant students leave the country to join universities abroad to pursue their future dreams. The academic freedom and high standards there keep these students motivated to do and deliver their best. Not at all surprising that very few of them come back. It is a shame on our system that brilliant students have to desert their country to do good in their chosen fields and lives. Yet our politicians are busy promoting more reservations at the cost of merit. Merit is secondary and which caste one is born in is primary. Strange but true.

Incidentally in the top 200 universities in the top 10 six are US and four are from UK. Not surprising. There are nineteen US universities in the top fifty. it is credit to the tiny state of Singapore that its National University finds entry at number twenty four. Tiny Hong Kong has five universities at number twenty six, thirty four, thirty nine, hundred and four and hundred and sixty one. The University of Tokyo is at number thirty two. The Chinese University of Tsinghua is at number forty eight. Even South Africa has its University of Cape Town at the 145th position. Even Malaysia has its University of Malaya at number 167.

Unless merit is the sole basis for entry and quality education is imparted by dedicated teachers and research is extensively promoted no Indian University is ever going to find place in the top 200 universities of the World for a long time to come. Is any one listening ?

Last week, provincial education department adopted seven point reform programs for government and private educational institutions. On the first of July, a bomb exploded near school premises, injuring 22 students. It is in Odisha, the eastern state of India, which is normally a peaceful region. This incident is the first of its kind here. Immediately, state government plunges into action. It is trying to create a congenial atmosphere within school premises among teachers, students and guardians. In an earlier announcement, school premises of government schools are declared as “no punishment zones”. The sole aim of this announcement is to curb cruel punishment given by teachers to weird students. This creates a blank space between the student and teacher. Teachers try to finish the course and they have hardly any concern about student. After two years of implementation of “no punishment” zones within education institutional arena, government is forced to review this movie.

Education begins at home:

According to latest government directives, in every month there will be a get together among the board of directors of school, teachers and parents or guardians of students about the discussion of various problems generating out of schools resulting from students actions and reactions. In the meeting students problems will be discussed in detail and imminent perceived solutions to these problems will be generated. Teachers will advise and suggest parents to condition social reform from home itself. Student stays in their home for 18 hours. They stay for six hours in school. This implies that education begins at home. In many instances parents used to complain to higher educational authorities about specific teacher, who may have given minimalists punishment to their child at school. It is a debatable question whether parents should reach to higher authorities over such tiny issues. Instead they should resort to the same teacher for personal consultation with the same teacher and try to pull out the real reason for such punishment. Many a times concern teacher is worried about student progression in terms of education advancement and the teacher many a times resort to microscopic harmless punishment student to bring back to the main stream of education. Parents or guardians should also observe their child behavior while he is at school and if they observe something different and they get the feeling of weirdness then they must consult with his class teacher to get back to real issues so that no rigidity among seniors such as parents and teacher should occur. There will be chaos inside the classroom in the case of no punishment to naughty students. Higher education authorities should seriously evaluate complaint from parents and guardians as many a time the punishment awarded to concern students is minimalists and aimed at disciplining the student. Learning begins at home. Education augments at school. Good teachers are bridge for a bright future prospect for students. Accomplished teachers try hard to flush all the bad characters from their students. They want them to excel in each and every field in their future educational careers.

A need for a better home environment:

Home improvement affects student’s basic career. School environment polishes the character of students and shows them the correct path to success. A child has maximum growth in an environment where there are serene family life and disciplined parental care. A positive and cumulative growth of a child occurs through disciplined parental care. In modern times, there are countless quarrels and ambiguities among various brothers within the extended family. All these contradictory situations affect immensely to faint under developed mind of the young child psychologically and ethically. In simple words, home environment can have positive or destructive effects on child’s psychological and reasoned development. In some families, due to absence of ethical and religious values young children revolt against their parents. They carry this anonymity to school premises and they watch the world in the eyes of their home environment and this enables them to reach for aggressive reactions to some meager incidents. Home environment generates huge positive or negative effects. After accumulation of such negative environments, ultimately it bursts up some of the worst nightmares incidents occur inside school premises. In a remote village of southern Orissa, a neighbor killed the girl child of his neighbor over a tiny incident. The little girl who was killed had accidentally seen her neighbor’s child stealing apples from her garden. As a consequence, children of both sides quarreled. The role of the respective parents of this in this already boiled situation is to create a congenial environment among their respective children and reach an amicable settlement.

This will have better ethical impact on their children and they should have learnt the power to listen and resist their temptation in the case of an imminent conflict. Instead neighbors resort to violence and murder. Think of what was the impact on their children’s mind. Their soft mind would imprint everything their parents adhere to in a conflict resolution. This incident affects children most. When at school she sees the similar conflict situation among her class fellows, she would bring the leaf out of her parents act and engage herself in the act of cruelness to solve a tiny conflict matters. Ultimately, everyone would see the fault is with school. In this case, matters relate to the home environment. The act done by her parents in a similar conflict situation come to her mind and influence she resists the temptation to act in a criminal manner. Parents must guide their children to go in a straight path of peace and tranquility. The path of love and compassion should be their resolution in conflicting environments. Parents should guide their children about the process of showing love and compassion and resist anger and violence.

The role of class teacher:

In many joint families of Orissa, especially in the coastal regions, family disputes among brothers, spouses and laws re affecting deeply to intrinsic psyche of child living at the same environment. On the other hand, education department suggests the teacher to act as guardians inside school and also keep a strict watch on their manners and etiquettes. It is not a practical suggestion. Even at school, during intervals and period breaks, teachers are not with students. During these times, the situation among students inside school premises is left without invigilation. It is impossible to guard students at every second they stay at school. The Education Department says it is the responsibility of the teacher to see that no student resort to beating fellow students of their class. A teacher cannot stay with students during period break, sports classes, and intervals. A wicked student can resort to criminal activity while his teacher not to class students. During these times, the teacher cannot watch his students. It is impossible for the teacher to keep a vigilant eye on their students all the time. In some instances, the teacher while writing something with white-board and leaning backwards towards pupils inside class, students can resort to mild fighting among themselves. In due course of time, these minor incidents occur inside class can take gigantic proportions and unbeatable conflicting situations among rouge students. Unethical and unmindful parent’s involvement within these conflicting environments can make gigantic problems for students and their families. On the other hand, it is impossible to check lunch boxes and school bags of every student thoroughly. Mischief students can keep anything inside lunch box or school bags and can make disturbances inside school premises.

Similar incidents are happening inside US schools. Most of the students who have indulged in this are from single parent. Since childhood they have observed and perceived that due to their father or mother, their life is becoming hell. This stops the development of moral and ethical reasoning inside their brain. Basic love from their parents is lacking since childhood days. This is the cause of worry. Students can succeed in his home work through the more information and actual knowledge about a particular topic. For this systematic interaction between parents and teachers is a necessity. This will make a bond between them and help them to solve student’s issues amicably. Student education is a key factor in academic success. Removing the cap on how educational institution and parents engage the students is crucial for student academic success. This implies that responsibilities of guardians are more than the teachers. This does not demean the role of teachers. Teachers should show case idealistic inspiration through their work related performances to students.

Stats:

In the recent announcement, state government allotted computers to 65 schools. The aim of this project is to introduce computer to students. Most of these computers are out of order within some months. In 181 governments, high schools 87 head masters posts are still vacant. 300 teacher’s posts are still vacant in government high school throughout the state. There is no sports teacher in 21 schools. There is no Sanskrit teacher in 25 schools. According to survey conducted by the government, average marks of standard eight students are 39 percentages and average marks of class nine student is 33 percentages in government schools throughout Orissa. Students have performed poorly in English language. At one point of time, the pass mark of English reduced from 33 to 20. Average marks in English language in class eight students are 35 percentages and standard nine students are 25 percentages. These statistics say more about the state of education in Orissa.

Parental guidance:

With less salary for teachers, good students remove option as a career for teaching. This affects heavily to elementary teaching standards. The standard nine students who were accused of hurling a bomb at school premises, defended his action by saying he did not have any such idea that the circular object left alone inside school premises is a crude bomb. If this is true, then one lesson learnt from this incident. One should not touch abandoned and left over the object and also should not receive anything from strangers. Both guardians as well as the teacher should convey student not to receive anything from strangers. For my childhood days, there are child lifters who use to live kids while they are back from schools and then sell these children for a decent amount of child traffickers. In the remote areas of Orissa, it is a saying if someone sacrifices a child of turmeric field. They there will be bumper crops. For these farmers used to lift kids and sacrifice them in their agricultural fields. My parents used to tell me and remind me not to receive anything from strangers and also not to talk to them and ran away from these strangers in no time. Owing to this, from childhood I was always conscious of such pre-emptive actions. Digital divide: We are in the age of Internet. The Internet is reaching for critical mass in early 1990s. The transition of information to the common user is fast. With the use of high speed internet, one can receive innumerable information to smart phones and computers. With the use of specific gadgets touching through Internet and alerts you of breaking news. According to research, ten years back 18 years are called miniature adults. Now, that age shifts to ten years.

Parents need to understand this trend and behave such way in order to understand the rudimentary psyche of their children. Children of digital progress age can now have access to plenty of information at their finger tips and now they are smarter than their age. Teachers and parents needs to cope with this change and try to minimize these digital divide among themselves and children. How many of us do realize that we are living in the golden age of the Internet. Some parents would think of this technology as the great opportunity and some would consider it as a divisive force between them and their children. An essay by Bill Gates on the evolution of the Internet and the technologies that are helping connects people to information, resources and each other. He says, “The Internet can revolutionize schooling, giving children the opportunity to indulge their intellectual curiosity and explore their world. But while it helps them to learn about dinosaurs or world history, it can also expose them to obscene, violent or inappropriate content. ” This essay was written by Bill Gates way back in 2000, but his advice is still significant in the relations among parents, teachers and students.

The digital divide:

We are in the age of high speed broad band internet, direct to home satellite TV services, smart phones and tablets. Always on connection to the Internet and advancement of “push services” in different modern smart phones and tablets, students are garnering plenty of information from different sources. Teachers and guardians should have strict vigilance in internet activities of students and children. They should install parental control in computers. In the latest version of Windows 8, parental control is pre-installed and with the help of these services, which runs in cloud (on line) as well as off line, to have the street surveillance and blocking of unwanted sites from internet. Bad effects from daily television soap operas as well as violence in movies are affecting them psychologically and mentally. In South Korea, violence scenes inside television soaps are banned and this is good for children as they will not expose to such bad phase of worldly life from their early life. In India, the strict imposition of such rules in the arena of television is a necessity. Television is the only medium which reaches straight into your home. Organized crimes and other violent activities are performed by few adults in school premises burn out from all these mediums. It is better to have a strict vigilance on these mediums to make your child a better person in times to come. In India, there are few such cases. It is not a trend for the time being. It is a warning sign for parents and society. We should not go in the way of what is happening day by day in US. A developed society such as US does not mean that everything should be free so that chaos inside educational institutions should go on forever. Digital divide is a global problem which is marred by a generational shift. It is a perfect time for parents and concerned authorities should step in and bring forward some organized solutions to these impending problems.

Eye opener:

On last February, in a private school in a southern state of India, a standard nine students shove a knife to a lady teacher in his class. The student reacted angrily to lady teacher’s comment. The teacher died there. This incident shook India and after four months of this dreadful incident, we came across the bomb throwing incident by a student in school premises in Orissa. These are exceptional incidents but eye openers for all civilized people in the society. It is clear that these are challenges worth facing. What is government’s role? Deregulation of competition and introduction of resistance to temptation should be enacted by the government in order to give awareness to parents and children. Child crime rates are on the higher side in India. Teachers and guardians should live a decent life worthy of inspiration for students and children. Children should see the ideal inspiration of superheroes inside their parents so that they can behave accordingly in order to have a perfect life in a peaceful environment. It will give them a reformed life and a completely cultural outlook to students. The behavioral reform action sends to schools from the education department of Orissa should not limit itself from the paper work. It needs a practical implementation of all ideas and related attributes and proper feedback from parents and guardians from time to time. There should be continual vigilance on schools progression in behavioral aspects of students.

Conclusion:

These should include students daily life which begins at home and then to school and then to home. There can be privacy concerns but one thing needs to remember that future life of students is paramount and this all participants needs to observe all the rules in the proper manner. In this behavioral charter from the education department says that teachers have the responsibility to control students. These charters are silent on the role of parents and guardians. Officially, education department cannot hold parents and guardians responsible for omissions and commissions of students at school premises. Students stay 18 hours in the home and six hours in school excluding Sundays, holidays and vacations. Learning of proper etiquette is to begin from home. This is going to impress a proper impact on building a strong and committed life of future citizens.

]]>mohanmekap@gmail.com (mohan manohar)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=22792
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=22792The generation next is becoming more and more careerist nowadays. Each and every youngster is interested in doing something different. Apart from choosing the most common and typical field of medical and engineering, everyone is searching some new and modern career options in order to make their future bright and exciting. Today, there are lot of career choices available for students. The talent and skill required for this career is provided both theoretically and practically through various related courses available in many universities available all over India. The students are only required to identify their potential and skill and begin their journey. Let us try to find some such modern and trendy career options.

1) Genetics:

Genetics means the study of heredity. It is a science of genes, heredity and variation in living organisms. It is a part of medical field and was till now limited to sex determination test. The topic of genetics was very popular recently due to the controversy of International athletes Pinky Pramanik and Shanti Sundararajan. These two incidents have made genetics a burning topic of discussion. However, today this field has spread its wings widely and various career opportunities are available in this field. In the last fifty years many researches has been done in this field and many new dimensions of this field have come up.

Genetics is a very important subject of health science. Besides it is also very closely related with many other fields. Many topics like DNA, genetic engineering, cloning, biotechnology are related with genetics. Basically genetics is a discipline of biology. In this field, study of every individual and its gene is done. But, the interesting thing is that this field is not restricted to human related study but study of food processing, horticulture, agriculture, brewing etc is also done in this field. This has made genetics a very large field and simultaneously the career opportunities in this field are also very large.

Opportunities:

The graduates and post graduates of genetics has opportunities available in the field of research and lectureship, plant and animal breeding, clinical research, in hospitals and pharmaceutical companies like Ranbaxy, Glen-mark, food industries like Amul, Cadbury, beverage companies like Pepsi, health care industry, cosmetic Comanches like Hindustan lever and L'Oreal and other advisory companies.

Nature of courses:

The graduate and post graduate courses are available in many places. One can do B.Sc with specialization in genetics or can opt for plain B.Sc with one subject as genetics. For graduation, it is compulsory that one should have done H.Sc in science stream. For post graduation courses, graduation in life sciences is compulsory like B.Sc biology, B.Sc Agriculture etc. Both graduation and post graduation courses are of three years duration.

2) Nanotechnology:

Every one is attracted to nano things and many people are interested in collection of nano things. But a new field which will change the life of human being is nano-technology. In future, this magical field is going to expand beyond imagination. It will throw its impact in almost each and every field. It is predicted that in coming years there will not be a single sector in which nano technology will not be used. Fields like biology, health science, environment, cosmetics, electronics, security and many other will be covered by nano technology impact. Redesign is the soul of nano technology and hence it will be possible to design anything we want with the help of nano technology. Besides, the nano materials used will be very light weight as well as strong and transparent. Also, the characteristics of nano particles will be completely different from their main components. The thickness of nano particles will be 1000 times smaller then the thickness of a single human hair. But the field evacuated by this small particle will be indefinite.

According to scientists, the 21st century will be known as nano technology century. With the help of nano technology, the sun rays can be converted into energy, dust free clothes can be prepared. Nano technology based clothes will protect our body from any chemical or biological weapon. This technology will prove miracle in the field of forensic sciences. Easy search of drugs and narcotic substances, robot preparation, healing of damaged cells, and many such wonders will be created by nano technology. Research is being made in this field all over the field. In India also, research is being done from last 16 years. This is one such field which is related with physics, chemistry, biotechnology, bioinformatics and many such fields. All the students who have taken training in this subject from different laboratories and industries in India and abroad have unlimited opportunities.

Eligibility for nanotechnology course:

The candidate must have passed higher secondary examination with physics, chemistry and biology group.

3) Green house technology:

The Indian construction sector is second largest business sector after agriculture sector. In the 11th five year plan, near about 35,225 crore rupees turn over was done for construction sector. The Indian need of house is of 265 crore 30 lakh houses and to provide cement, sand, water and other construction material on such a large scale means creating a load on natural resources. Also these resources are extracted beyond limit for construction purpose. All these factors have given birth to a conceptual discussion of eco-friendly green house technology.

Basic concept:

The production of construction material like steel, cement, tiles, paint, glasses etc requires large amount of energy. This energy generation creates pollution on large scale. The solution to this problem will be given by the concept of green building. In future, there are many employment opportunities available as green building adviser. The buildings which are competent in respect of water, construction material, drainage, electricity and energy are called as green building. In green building, focus is made on recycling of water and its use in making the building competent in respect to water and drainage. The material used for green building is prepared by using less energy. By using non-traditional energy resources, energy is saved. The pollution created due to construction sector is minimized to a large extent by using green building concept. The important concepts of carbon footprints and carbon rating can be effectively implemented in green building technology. In future, stress will be given on making the construction sector eco-friendly and for this only engineers are not sufficient but green house consultants are required.

Future prospects:

The green house consultants will have to design and construct a green building based on use of fly ash, ferrocement technology and less energy requiring construction material. For gaining the international rank of LEED or green building society, designing and construction of such building will be a crore rupee business in future. Hence the course of this subject is included in degree engineering. To make career as green house consultant, the qualification required is degree or diploma in civil, mechanical or environmental engineering

4)Biomedical engineering:

Nowadays if we go to a hospital or even in a small clinic, one thing can be seen easily. All big and small hospitals are furnished with different machinery, machine systems and ultramodern equipments. Rather, this has become a primary need of medical practitioners. Even the patient also has the tendency or belief that those hospitals which have costly and modern machines and equipments are the best hospitals. In medical field, the importance of these equipments is undebatable. These equipments not only reduces the work of doctors but also helps them to take quick decision and they also play an important role in saving the life of people and treating them immediately and correctly. Since these equipments are gaining extra ordinary importance in medical field, hence the persons who prepares and maintains these equipments and have complete knowledge about the working and configuration of these machines are also important. The whole medical field is depended on this sector and hence biomedical engineering has also gained extraordinary importance. The most important work of biomedical engineer is to manufacture medical equipments and making time to time changes and developments according to the requirement of patient and doctor.

Biomedical engineering is a discipline of engineering field but is very helpful for biologists, doctors, and patients. A person having the engineering skill and knowledge of medical field has golden opportunity in this field. The main function of biomedical engineer is to develop new medical equipments and solving the problems of these equipments. For this he has to study the human body and accordingly keep its functioning proper and repair the damages by using engineering technology. There are many branches of engineering but this is very important and rapidly developing field. This field has unlimited opportunities from R&D point of view. The different artificial organs which give new life to patients, pacemakers, MRI machines, laser systems and many such useful equipments are the products of biomedical engineering. Cardiovascular technology, neural technology and orthopedic technology are the subbranches of biomedical engineering.

Eligibility:

The candidate must have passed higher secondary examination with physics, chemistry and mathematics group. He/she should clear entrance exam conducted state wise. One can either do B.E in biomedical engineering or can opt for M.B.B.S and then masters in medical technology.

5)Plumbing engineering:

Prior to independence, Mahatma Gandhi has described India as Land Of Village. But after independence, India has rapidly developed and transformed to land of cities. The urban population, which was initially 30% has now increased to 40-45%. the increase in urbanization has also resulted in increase in construction in urban areas. To absorb the increasing population, tall buildings of 40-50 floors are constructed. A single building has the capacity to provide shelter to 1000-1500 people, which means that a near about a village can dwell in a building. To make provision of water supply to such tall and populated buildings has become a challenge nowadays. In the early days, an ITI plumber was sufficient to make provisions of water supply in small buildings. But nowadays, to make provision of water supply in skyscrapers requires plumbing engineer. The plumbing hydraulics of skyscrapers is based completely on engineering concepts and design. It is essential to have engineering knowledge of force of water, pressure of water, area of pipe and the design of pump. Due to this, the subject of plumbing is not limited to tap connections but has become very vast and multidimensional.

The day from which the people has tilted from middle class to high class and bathroom has gained the importance of room, from that day plumbing has become very important. Many attractive products related to plumbing have arrived in market. Various modern fixtures, different designs of taps, various showers, bath tubs, sanitary items are available in the market. The mechanism to control the temperature, humidity, and flow of water in the bathtub has been developed. Various designs of sinks and accordingly designed taps are also available. The people are now spending 4-5 lakhs on bathroom furnishing. This proves that plumbing engineering has achieved a social status and has great scope. The increasing demand of plumbing utilities in the market has opened a new career option called as plumbing consultant.

As our body has network of nerves, similarly a building has network of pipes. Just as doctor is required for a healthy body similarly plumbing consultant is required for good health of building. Along with this the solar water mechanism, rain water harvesting and fire proof methodologies have been developed for the security of building. By keeping all these points in mind, it can be stated that plumbing is not limited to ITI but has become an important subject of engineering. As every building requires electric consultant, air condition technician, painting contractors and many such specially skilled people similarly plumbing consultant will also become mandatory requirement in future. While constructing a building, nearly 5-10% of total expenses is made on water supply and sewage collection and disposal chamber. According to this percent, the plumbing sector has a turnover of 7.5lakh crore rupees. Hence plumbing consultant can be a good career option in near future.

Eligibility:

The qualification required is degree or diploma in civil,mechanical or environmental engineering.

]]>gn.dharmadhikari@licindia.com (Gouri Dharmadhikari)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=22787
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=22787I opened my eyes and found myself at a completely new place, a place that looked completely deserted. I looked for a location board on the road so that I could know my whereabouts. After walking for about a mile I saw one with an arrow I tried hard to read the word written on it but could not as that was a different language, some language that was alien to me. Not sure what to do I ran towards the direction that was depicted on the arrow. To my relief I could notice a small shop like structure at the end point up to which the road was visible. I ran faster, panting heavily with aching feet I reached the shop. There was a canny woman sitting besides the counter. I went up to her and asked her politely still heavily breathing, “Ma’am I need your help, this place is new for me and I seem to have lost my way”. She looked at me with a dead face then handed me a booklet and signaled with her hands that she could was deaf and dumb. I was happy to receive the small help though and quickly opened the booklet that seemed to be like an itinerary of places but again the language of the book was alien! I screamed and just then woke up and thanked god that it was just a dream and I was in a world where the language used was not alien to me and even if stranded at a place I could well communicate and find my way home. The feeling I had is synonymous with the many people in our country who are not blessed with the power of education.

Education is not just bookish knowledge

My nine year old cousin studies in a very prominent school of Delhi. I see her carrying a big heavy bag to school every day that appears to be twice her size, which reminds me of my school days too. During the summer holidays the holiday homework she got was so vast and complex that half the homework ended up being done by her parents. During the exams I find her mugging up her subjects. Is this education in the real sense? Let me be very clear this is no blame game but just an eye opener that education starts from the very first day the child is born. The wisdom the child gradually gains from his parents, from the books, from his/her peers at school from anything and everything in the surrounding contribute to his/her education. Education gives us the power to apply our knowledge in our lives. It gives us the acumen and the understanding that leads to our development as a person and as a citizen of our country. So along with the big and heavy books one must teach one’s children to understand the deep concepts and not just read superficially.

Benefits are countless If I start listing the benefits of education than it will probably not fit in this space, but I would like to mention some that have direct impact on the country’s development.

Education adds to the talent pool of the country

The foremost advantage of having a major population literate will mean more skilled people. Our country will then produce more engineers, doctors, surgeons, pilots and many more professions. Not only on the professional front education makes the citizens more responsible, decisive and informed thus helping the country in a positive way. These will in turn increase the chances of future discoveries and developments in the various fields of science, engineering, communications, computers and many more. A country develops with the development of its citizens and when we have a population that is literate we are bound to make a mark in the international arena.

Education helps control population It has been found that women who are educated prefer to have lesser children as they understand that the quality of life she and her husband can provide to lesser children would be far better than they would be able to provide if they had more children. So this in turn helps to curb the growing population in the country. Population is one of the major problems India faces today and so education is a tool that is bound to provide long term positive effects in the society.

Empowers women and brings in gender equality

India has long witnessed the Indian women being stuck up in the four walls of her house, taken for granted as the gender meant to be at home and not indulge in activities of the outer world. But the times have changed drastically. Now we have women folk on top positions in so many fields, be it politics, sports, films or business. Education has empowered the women and they are now independent individuals contributing greatly towards the Indian economy. A healthy woman means a healthy family and a healthy family in turn contributes to a healthy society that makes a healthy nation. Moreover women who are educated marry at a suitable age and wisely have children at an age that best suits their economic and health conditions. These small benefits have larger affects on the society as a whole. The women of India have come out of the dark veil with the power of education and the awareness that it generated across the nation. Women are equally adding to the country’s talent pool and helping in the country’s development.

An educated population is a healthy population

When people are well educated they understand the importance of health, hygiene and immunization. Educated people have better understanding of the importance of a healthy mind and body and are found to be more protective towards their health. This means the country will have lesser health problems and that will result in a more productive population.

The scenario in India

As per the census of 2011 India has a literacy rate of 74.04 with an impressive increase of almost 9 percent from the previous census in 2001. There has been a sharp increase in the female literacy rate too. Kerala stood at an impressive position with a literacy rate of 93.9 percent, while states like Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Arunanchal Pradesh need to cover up to come at par with the other states with respect to the literacy rate. There are many literacy campaigns going on in the country and these have helped greatly. Like the government’s mid day meal scheme has helped attract many students to school in the rural areas.

These are just figures and indicate the percent of literacy in the country what we need is real education. A well educated person who doesn't allow his daughter to have higher education is far worse than an illiterate person who works hard just to provide good education to his daughter and sons equally. This is edcuation in its true definition. And I am proud to be a part of a Nation where these changes are very much evident. We are taking our steps ahead with the power of Education. Education that will help us understand the difference between wise and orthodox thinking which still prevails in some parts of our nation. Education that will help us break the chains of biasness based on cast, creed, religion and sex. The day we attain education in the real sense we are bound to become a super power.

]]>asha0508@gmail.com (Ashii)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=22396
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=22396The more one reads the more open you become in your thinking – this was something that I have been hearing since my childhood. My father was particular that we children read and develop an interest in books and knowledge.

We see reading and knowledge being connected to wisdom and wise men since historical times. So reading has always had its importance in human evolution.

Gaining Knowledge

We tend to view things differently as we gain more knowledge about people, places and about other people's behavior. One should not limit oneself to a particular kind of subject only ! Like for example some people read only religious books , or biographies or scientific books thereby losing out on other equally interesting and knowledgeable writings . There is knowledge in fiction, nonfiction or for that matter in all books written on various other subjects. They all contribute to increasing our awareness of people and society because all books are an extension of the author's experience and knowledge coupled with imagination. If we are able to take it as it is meant to be, we can gain a lot by reading.

When we read the right kind of books, especially the well-researched, well-written books by established authors, we tend to gain a lot of knowledge, which is bound to enhance our mental capabilities. Many thinkers and philosophers have written books based on their own experiences and their perceptions of life which give us insight as well as wisdom. Reading is a very powerful means of communication. While writing and penning his/her thoughts, the author is communicating with his/her readers. Reading and gaining knowledge can definitely be a positive influence on people - the more you read, the more ideas you get.

What is selective reading ?

When people read only what they are interested in and when they want it is called selective reading which is better than no reading ! Selective reading has its advantages to students in that, they can weed out the unnecessary paragraphs and sentences and concentrate on the gist which can be later expanded. This is a very helpful tool when people are studying for exams and tests.

We also need to be careful while selecting books, as a lot of unwanted stuff is available in the market that won't give any positive benefits . So, here we have to be selective in buying what is good for our thoughts and what enhances our mind rather than pick up trash that might give momentary pleasure but deviates the mind to a great extent when you begin to read more such writings. We tend to read books on subjects that interest us and unless you are open to new ideas you may not look beyond your own limited interests. However, even within that limited field of choice, one can always better oneself by being adventurous and trying out new subjects and books that have been recommended by trusted friends and family members.

Reading and wisdom

Reading and knowledge and wisdom are interconnected ! Reading further helps in building up your knowledge and becoming much more capable of assessing and judging people and situations in life. We fall back on our knowledge while assessing situations and people most of this knowledge having come from books if you have the reading habit , more so in a narrow minded society like ours where we may not have any role models to follow. Most readers are broadminded since they get exposed to different cultures and sections of society. Being broadminded means being capable of making a fair and right judgment about others without being biased !

All great and respected men have had a sound educational background even if it is not just gaining degrees, but have had the opportunity of gaining knowledge through books and used this knowledge successfully in their own lives. If we are unable to put our knowledge into positive use, there is little use of such knowledge. So while reading make sure to analyse and go deep into the subject matter so that you are in command of the subject matter.

Reading as a Hobby

Reading is such a valuable hobby to cultivate. It is a well known fact that those who love books and reading are never bored . It is one of the best hobbies to cultivate .Collecting books and passing them on to your children is a great thing to do. I have seen some households where the members are very interested in books, every single room , including the bathrooms having either a shelf or some place where they have kept at least a few books so that you have easy access to them. Interest in books and reading is hereditary , when the parents read, children too do the same !

There were many doubts among people whether computers would take over and bring down the demand for books, but personally I feel that once a person has developed the reading habit, nothing can take it away from them. Reading definitely sharpens your thought process and makes you grasp ideas better. When a person reads books on different subjects, it makes him/her more knowledgeable and a more interesting person to converse with. Another great advantage that reading has is that it makes one positive and able to understand and accept others' opinions and views.

Reading is an extension of your child’s education

Education is no doubt a very important aspect of a child's life , but unfortunately it has become a commercial proposition now. Not all the educated people are book lovers nor do they develop a reading habit - this has to be either cultivated right from the childhood or is inherent in an individual. Schools have libraries but not many of them have a reading period or a library period when the children went through the books and were allowed and encouraged to borrow two or three books each week. This developed a healthy and varied interest in reading other than their own text books.

Reading as a habit has to come naturally, it cannot be forced . Parents need to introduce books to their children from an early age itself. When parents are interested in books and reading and buy books, children automatically take an interest in books. It is not a challenging job to make your children develop the reading habit and take an interest in reading .It is also important to see that your child does not restrict itself to any one subject since every book is interesting and once they begin to read and enjoy they will want to read more.

Reading aloud is a good practice which develops an interest in books and one can also gift them books for special occasions , so that they collect books and take an interest in reading. Looking back on my own childhood, books were always an important part of growing and I can remember many incidents that had to do with books and libraries. Coming back to the present day generation I hardly hear of children going to libraries these days leave alone squabble over books , in fact where are the libraries? Many of them have already closed down or are on the verge of closing down due to the lack of patronage . At the same time ,nowadays the opportunities are limitless for book lovers since the quality of the books available is excellent and also you can read on the net or have a kindle !

Once children develop an interest in books and reading , most certainly they would never be bored during their vacation and holidays life..Books are the best gift that children can be given since you are helping them develop an excellent habit that will mold their entire personality. Gifting books to them for special occasions , also makes them develop the habit of collecting books and develop an interest in reading.. Most of those who love reading normally like to collect and keep all the books that they have bought over the years - there are many fond memories attached to them since books are read by everyone in the family .

Conclusions

To conclude reading habits should be cultivated from childhood, and should become an integral part of growing up. It may well prove to be the solution to many ills of our society. Each new book teaches us something new about life; it makes you think, rethink and sometimes changes the course of your life. Reading is definitely the best form of relaxation. A person who develops a reading habit is never bored in life.Books and Education are interlinked . As we can see no education is complete without developing an interest and love for books and knowledge. Gandhiji rightly said ' you educate a boy you educate an individual, you educate a girl you educate an entire generation "

( images from wikimedia gallery)

]]>kiran8bhandary@gmail.com (usha manohar)Educationhttps://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=22342
https://www.boddunan.com/topics/education.html?view=article&id=22342The most reliable aspect of human living for long life is continuous search for happiness. The definition of happiness might have different connotations for different people. In total, everyone wishes for happiness. In the broader sense, the physical happiness includes a comfortable lifestyle, a decent bank savings, man power, prestige, and peace within family. Generally, people think that, those persons, who have all these kinds of lifestyle, are happiest of them all. It is true that, to attend the success, one has to start it from his student life. Life is a competition, since childhood one has to build his mentality, to cross all the barriers that have been confronted since his student life. He has to prepare one self for all these competitions and try to excel in each field of it.

That is why many parents have been preparing their children from their childhood, about the stiff competition that has been undergoing between them. Sometimes, parents with their due diligence, forget about the natural growth of their children, as they want their child to walk and stand on his leg first and for this they try hard to teach their children how to wall on the ground. Then, they try to encourage him to speak the words, even if it is not his age to speak the words, but due to their efforts and continual care, many a times children tend to speak before their normal age. Take one example of this, a child is born in an unitary family as his parents are staying at a separate town due to their professional commitments. When the child comes to his grandfather’s house in summer leave, in that house total five brothers of grandparents have been staying and for this, everyone from the family tried hard to let him speak and within seven days the child started to speak some words, which is not possible, if he stays with his parents, as their only two persons are their , his parents and usually , they used to go out for their official commitments , and in these circumstances , the child is unable to watch the speaking of their parents and that results in late in development of speaking power of the child. On the other hand, when the same child stays with his grandfather’s home for ten to 15 days, as their family is join family with almost 20 to 25 persons is there inside. Due to constant efforts of all and also child tend to imitate from others, and they want to speak life that of others when they notice that, day in and day out all the people are speaking out and talking loudly.

In this manner the child learns from the environment and tried to imitate most of happenings. On the other hand due to heavy competitions between students, concerned parents have been worried about their children prospect and future and for this they try to educate them from their childhood. What is reversing the situation is that, in this soft age they should be playing more to develop their natural tendencies and also they should be holding the flies in the garden, and making small canals with the soils to generate their engineering skills. Due to pressure from their parents, they had to resort to education, and thus their natural development process hindered from childhood. With this, since childhood, he has been reciting the rhymes, without understanding the basic meaning of these and in this manner his natural development halted due to undue pressure from his parents. Now , after school , he could not take rest and enjoy his leisure time , as within these time limits , he had to go to dance or song school or computer education . In my time, many of us compete and successfully passed the IIT and other related professional education by studying at home or through group studying, Now, parents send their children to different coaching institutes from class seven, which is surprising as due to this they had to face difficult mathematics and other related courses, if we consider their development of mind, which is still at softer stage. Think about a situation, when a soft mind is confronted with difficult mathematics and unable to cope with this and thus go for permanently the neurology related diseases.

So, entire young age of this child goes unnoticed and within these ages, he had to compete with various entrances and other related courses and there is absolutely no space for him to rejoice and live a natural life. Development through nature is a must for all, as it is for sure; we all have been the elements of nature, and for ours natural growth , we need to learn a plenty from it so that , in the future , all ours developments would be according to law of nature. Many students, from their young age, taste the success but their teen age is buried with piles of books, international examinations, semesters, projects and summer internships. Entire summer vacation goes unnoticed for them, as they used to spend most of the times, attending to entrance coaching or summer internships. Parents tend to forget that, it is summer vacations and within these times one has to go relax and go for holiday destinations so that, one can refreshes one’s mind into it and better prepared for the entire year that has been there to face the toughest of tough challenges.

After releases himself from all these stresses and pressures since childhood, he joined successfully to professional courses, and then after some time, he would be selected by campus selection, and the respective companies would try to appoint him in their companies through campus recruitments. Then, after his training period is over, he has to run to work from seven in the morning till nine in the evening continually relentlessly. He should have no time to enjoy the life and at last, after some years, he would feel himself as the machine man just like that of a robot, working without a halt. In manly world , he should be known as the famous people with above mentioned attributes , but all in all ,the person who is getting all these praise ,seemed to be reaching to the stage where , there is no enjoyment of life within his heart , and there is sense of traverse that has been reeling within his mental aptitude. He always tries hard to find leisure and happiness , but could not find it at all possible lengths and in the mean time , people around him think that he is the happiest man of all but he knows how happy he feels at this juncture. Many people think that, the persons who travel with good vehicle, and holds galaxy tab in his hands and always stays inside air conditioned rooms and cars are the happiest of them all, but it is not always true. So, the truth is that, successful man is not happiest of them all. If one follows success and then try to find the happiness as the result of this, then most of the times, it is evident that, he is searching and following the mirages, which can be seen, but when you go near it, slowly moves the same distance and the search for happiness stays like the same way for most of the successful person. It keeps some distance from them and slowly goes out from yours reach.

On the other hand if another person had no air conditioned car, not much bank balance and not a galaxy tab but a simple multi media cell phone, but if he stays happy and satisfied with life and gets plenty of satisfaction from the leisure time he gets and absorbed in the happiness through natural means, then one should know that, this is the real happiness, when he attends his family and stays with them usually to get back the real happiness that one can thinks it of. Here, in this instance one can compares the happiness of both the persons and one can conclude easily that, the second person gets more happiness inside and he can feel for it, while on the other hand the other person is seemingly happy and third persons think that the first person is happy which is not so in this instance. It is clear from this illustration that , one should not be too much happy with the materialistic happiness , one should go for the personalized happiness and be contempt and satisfied with these so that , in the long run that would give him the real happiness that one deserve of it. One hand one cannot get the much needed satisfaction from the profession that he continues to be there, on the other hand the same person can get plenty of satisfaction from the photography or blog writing that he could get the maximum advantages of it.

Each person in this materialistic world needs to search for happiness at any cost, so that, in the long term, when he is settled in his life, he should not think otherwise of his basic life styles that are attached with it and for this it is essential to have a good understanding of one’s likeliness and the natural artifacts that has been there with him since his birth, it is his and his parents duty is to find the natural talent that has been hidden within him so that with due course of time , it can be augmented further with similar helpful conditions so that in future , he can find the real happiness with it and that is related to more physiological happiness that that of the so-called materialistic happiness.