Inverter patents

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Mitsubishi Electric

Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same

Date/App#

List of recent Inverter-related patents

03/26/1520150084570

Motor control apparatusA motor control apparatus controlling a driving of a motor having two pairs of winding sets is provided. The motor control apparatus includes a current command value calculation portion, a first system, a second system, and a temperature difference calculation portion. Denso Corporation

03/26/1520150084173

Semiconductor device and manufacturing the sameThere is provided a semiconductor device having a converter circuit, a brake circuit and an inverter circuit and manufacturable by a simplified manufacturing process. The semiconductor device has a plurality of die pads, igbts, diodes, freewheel diodes, an hvic and lvics mounted on the plurality of die pads, a plurality of leads, and an encapsulation resin body that covers these component parts. Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

03/19/1520150078096

Level shift circuit and semiconductor deviceA level shift circuit includes: a latch circuit (q5, q6, q7, q8) including first (q5, q7) and second (q6, q8) inverter circuits; a first input mos transistor (q1) operating in accordance with an input signal; a second input mos transistor (q2) operating in accordance with an inversion signal of the input signal; and a current-voltage control mos transistor (q9). The latch circuit (q5, q6, q7, q8) outputs a voltage having been converted from the input voltage in level. Renesas Electronics Corporation

03/19/1520150077182

Apparatuses and methods for input buffer having combined outputApparatuses and methods are disclosed, including an apparatus that includes a first differential amplifier to amplify a difference between an input signal and a reference signal, and a second differential amplifier to amplify the difference between the input signal and the reference signal. The apparatus may further include an inverter circuit to receive an output signal of the first differential amplifier and another inverter circuit to receive an output signal of the second differential amplifier. Micron Technology, Inc.

Motor control device and air conditionerA motor control device includes a pwm signal generation unit generating a signal pattern of two of three phases so that the pattern follows a rotor position, and a timing adjusting unit. The signal generation unit increases/decreases duty in both directions of lag side and lead side based on any phase of a carrier-wave period regarding a first phase. Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba

03/12/1520150070955

Electric power conversion apparatusAn electric power conversion apparatus includes a channel case in which a cooling water channel is formed; a double side cooling semiconductor module that has an upper and lower arms series circuit of an inverter circuit; a capacitor module; a direct current connector; and an alternate current connector. The semiconductor module includes first and second heat dissipation metals whose outer surfaces are heat dissipation surfaces, the upper and lower arms series circuit is disposed tightly between the first heat dissipation metal and the second heat dissipation metal, and the semiconductor module further includes a direct current positive terminal, a direct current negative terminal, and an alternate current terminal which protrude to outside. Hitachi, Ltd.

03/12/1520150069832

Power conversion system for electric vehiclesA power conversion system including a dc main power supply for supplying a dc voltage, boosting circuits for performing a retrogression operation of boosting the dc voltage and comprising driving circuits, an inverter circuit for converting the dc voltage into an ac voltage, a motor/generator for receiving the ac voltage, and a control circuit for outputting a control signal to the driving circuits and stopping an operation of a faulty boosting circuit of the boosting circuits when one of the boosting circuits is faulty, for setting power control values depending on a number of remaining non-faulty boosting circuits of the boosting circuits, and for controlling the remaining non-faulty boosting circuits and the inverter circuit based on the power control values, wherein the inverter circuit and the boosting circuits perform a regeneration operation of supplying regeneration power to the dc main power supply, peripheral equipment, and/or a dc auxiliary power supply.. . Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd.

03/05/1520150061558

Electric compressorAn electric compressor capable of discharging electric charges of a capacitor is provided. The electric compressor includes: a compressing unit; an electric motor for rotating the compressing unit; a driving circuit for driving the electric motor; a housing for accommodating the compressing unit and the electric motor; and an inverter cover for accommodating the driving circuit. Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki

03/05/1520150061555

Motor control apparatusA motor control apparatus has an inverter circuit having a plurality of pairs of upper and lower arms provided so as to correspond to the number of phases, and switching elements provided on each of the upper arms and the lower arms of each phase that drive a motor on the basis of on or off operations of the respective switching elements, a single current detector that detects a current of the motor flowing through the inverter circuit, and a duty calculator that calculates duties of a pwm signals for turning the switching elements on or off on the basis of a deviation between a current value of the current detected by the current detector and a target current value.. . Omron Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd.

A motor control apparatus has an inverter circuit having a plurality of pairs of upper and lower arms provided so as to correspond to a number of phases, and switching elements provided on each of the upper arms and the lower arms of each phase that drive a motor on the basis of on or off operations of the respective switching elements, a single current detector that detects a current of the motor flowing through the inverter circuit, and a duty calculator that calculates duties of pwm signals for turning the switching elements on or off on the basis of a deviation between a current value of the current detected by the current detector and a target current value.. . Omron Automotive Electronics Co., Ltd.

An electric compressor includes: a compressing unit; an electric motor that rotates the compressing unit; and a driving circuit. The driving circuit includes a filter circuit, an inverter circuit that receives electric power from the power supply line via the filter circuit, and a circuit board on which the inverter circuit is disposed, and a base member (aluminum base) and that supports the circuit board. Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki

An electric compressor includes a housing accommodating therein a compression mechanism and an electric motor which drives the compression mechanism through a rotating shaft thereof, and an inverter cover which is joined to the housing and accommodates therein an inverter circuit portion. The inverter circuit portion is supported by a base member which is mounted to the housing and includes electrolytic capacitors mounted to the base member in such an orientation that the longitudinal direction of the electrolytic capacitors intersect the axis of the rotating shaft and a capacitor holder for housing the electrolytic capacitors. Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki

The hollow tubular capacitor includes one side electrode connecting portion having an inner peripheral tubular portion and one side surface portion, the other side electrode connecting portion having an outer peripheral tubular portion and the other side surface portion and an electrostatic capacitance portion having one side electrode plate, the other side electrode plate and a dielectric body, wherein the electrostatic capacitance portion is accommodated in an annular space formed at the inner peripheral tubular portion, the one side surface portion, the outer peripheral tubular portion and the other side surface portion in a high density to reduce inside inductance component. The inverter device is formed such that the hollow tubular capacitor and an annular inverter circuit portion having three-phase upper and lower arms are integrally arranged coaxially on the central axis line.. Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha

The motor controller includes: a current detection section that detects a current between a battery and an inverter circuit generating a voltage applied to a coil of a motor; an overload determination value output section that outputs an overload determination value used to determine whether or not the motor is overloaded; an overload determination section that compares a current value detected by the current detection section against the overload determination value, and that determines the motor to be overloaded in a case in which the current value detected by the current detection section is the overload determination value or greater; and a forced 500 rpm instruction section that controls the motor rotation speed to 500 rpm, this being a specific speed, in a case in which the overload determination section has determined the motor to be overloaded.. . Asmo Co., Ltd.

A bi-level current configurable driver is provided. The driver includes a feedback circuit, a driver circuit providing a driver signal to a half bridge inverter, and a step-dim interface coupled to a first alternating current input line, a second alternating current input line, and a neutral line, providing voltage to the driver circuit. Osram Sylvania Inc.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an inverter circuit includes a direct current (dc)-to-dc power converter configured to receive an input energy from a device via a first input terminal and a second input terminal, where the dc-to-dc power converter is configured to convert a first portion of the input energy to a dc energy. The inverter circuit also includes an inverter stage coupled to an output of the dc-to-dc power converter, and is connected to the first input terminal of the dc-to-dc power converter and the second input terminal of the dc-to-dc power converter, where the inverter stage is configured to convert a second portion of the input energy to a first output energy.. Infineon Technologies Austria Ag

An inverter device includes a switch circuit configured by series-connecting two n-channel semiconductor switching elements in opposite directions so that the switch circuit makes or breaks electrical connection between a dc power supply and an inverter circuit and a control circuit carrying out a protecting operation in which when the control circuit output a control signal to control switching of the inverter circuit and an operating condition is met, the control circuit stops output of the control signal to turn off all switching elements configuring the inverter circuit and the switch circuit. In the protecting operation, the switch circuit is turned off after output of the control signal has been stopped.. Nsk Ltd.

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for generating a test voltage, in particular for testing electrical equipment, comprising an alternating voltage source or a voltage source having constant or essentially constant voltage and a circuit means connected to the voltage source for generating a preferably low-frequency alternating voltage u0. A power converter, preferably configured as a resonant converter, is connected to the alternating voltage source. Baur Prüf- Und Messtechnik Gmbh

The metallic case of a power conversion apparatus includes a casing having a side wall, as well as an upper case and a lower case, a first area being formed between a cooling jacket provided at the inner periphery of the side wall and the lower case, the metal base plate dividing the first area between the cooling jacket and the upper case into a lower side second area and an upper side third area, first and second power modules being fastened to a top surface and a capacitor module being provided in the first area, driving circuits that drive inverter circuits of the power modules respectively being provided in the second area, and a control circuit that controls the driver circuits being provided in the third area.. . Hitachi, Ltd.

An electric tool for driving a tip tool, the electric tool includes: a removable battery; the brushless motor configured to generate a driving force for driving the tip tool; an inverter circuit configured to supply drive power from the removable battery to the brushless motor using a plurality of semiconductor switching elements; a controller configured to control the inverter circuit to control rotation of the brushless motor; a temperature detector configured to detect a temperature of the brushless motor or the semiconductor switching elements; and a voltage detector configured to detect a voltage of the battery. The brushless motor is driven such that a duty ratio of pwm drive signal for driving the semiconductor switching elements is determined based on relationship between the temperature detected by the temperature detector and the voltage detected by the voltage detector.. Hitachi Koki Co., Ltd.

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for an all n-type transistor inverter circuit. A circuit can include an input thin film transistor (tft), a pull-down tft, a discharge tft, a first pull-up tft, a second pull-up tft, and a floating capacitor. Pixtronix, Inc.

A multi-port energy storage system includes a bi-directional power conversion circuit, a dc-ac inverter circuit, an electric energy storage facility, a first ac port, a second ac port and an ac switch. The multi-port energy storage system controllably provides various classifications of power supply quality via the first ac port and the second ac port.. Ablerex Electronics Co., Ltd.

The present disclosure proposes an input power of each unit power cell of a cascaded h-bridge inverter that is mutually insulated. To this end, the present disclosure includes a phase shift transformer configured to output a voltage of predetermined phase by receiving an ac input power having a fixed frequency, and a plurality of unit power cells serially-connected configured to output a voltage having a predetermined phase by receiving a voltage provided by the phase shift transformer, wherein the phase shift transformer is configured to include the number of phase shifts corresponding to the number of the plurality of unit power cells.. Lsis Co., Ltd.

A microwave integrated circuit includes a substrate and a power amplifier on the substrate. The power amplifier includes a power divider circuit having an input configured to receive an input rf signal, a base amplifier having an input coupled to a first output of the power divider circuit and a peaking amplifier having an input coupled to a second output of the power divider circuit and an output coupled to an output combining node. Cree, Inc.

According to an embodiment, a load adjusting circuit adjusts the load of an inverter circuit based on a threshold voltage of a first conductive type transistor provided on the inverter circuit, and a driving force adjusting circuit adjusts the driving force of the inverter circuit based on the threshold voltage of the first conductive type transistor.. . Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba

A power supply for welding, cutting and similar operations includes a dual two-switch forward converter. The converter has two inverter circuits coupled in parallel but controlled to provide output power in an interleaved fashion. Illinois Tool Works Inc.

A charge pump system uses a helper pump to use in generating a boosted clock signal to use for the stages capacitor of a charge pump and also for the gate clock of the stage. This can be particularly useful in applications with lower supply levels, where a the helper pump can be used to provide an amplitude higher than the supply level, that can then be added to the supply level for the boosted clock signal and then added again to the supply level for the gate clock. Sandisk Technologies Inc.

A welding-type power supply includes a controller, a preregulator, a preregulator bus, and an output converter. The controller has a preregulator control output and an output converter control output. Illinois Tool Works Inc.

In an inverter apparatus, an output voltage of an active filter circuit that steps up and smoothes a dc voltage is converted into an ac voltage by an inverter circuit. The active filter circuit includes a capacitor and a rectifier device connected between an input node and an output node. Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

A ballast comprises an inverter circuit for providing an oscillating current signal for energizing the at least one lamp. The inverter circuit comprises a first switching component and a second switching component each having a collector terminal, a base terminal, and an emitter terminal. Osram Sylvania Inc.

A magnetic integration double-ended converter with an integrated function of a transformer and an inductor includes an integrated magnetic member having a magnetic core with three magnetic columns having at least three windings (np, ns1, ns2) and at least one energy storage air gap, where a primary winding (np) and a first secondary winding (ns1) are both wound around a first magnetic column or are both wound around a second magnetic column and a third magnetic column, and a second secondary winding (ns2) is wound around the second magnetic column; an inverter circuit with double ends symmetrically working, acting on the primary winding (np); and a group of synchronous rectifiers (sr1, sr2), gate electrode driving signals of which and gate electrode driving signals of a group of power switch diodes (s1, s2) of the inverter circuit with the double ends symmetrically working complement each other.. .

An electrosurgical generator and related systems and methods using a gain-compensated full bridge topology. Gain nonlinearity is corrected by applying impedance and phase correction factors to a control loop to achieve a linear gain structure.

A power feeding device of a non-contact charging device includes a power factor improvement circuit which converts an ac power supply to dc, and improves a power factor, a smoothing capacitor connected to an output end of the power factor improvement circuit, an inverter circuit which includes a plurality of switching elements, and generates an ac signal using a voltage of the smoothing capacitor as a power supply, a power feeding section which feeds power based on the ac signal to a power receiving device, and a control circuit which modulates a duty factor of each of the switching elements of the inverter circuit in synchronization with the ac power supply, wherein the control circuit controls the plurality of switching elements so that an increment of the modulated duty factor is not equal to a decrement of the modulated duty factor.. .

A power feeding device of a non-contact charging device includes a power factor improvement circuit which converts an ac power supply to dc, and improves a power factor, a smoothing capacitor connected to an output end of the power factor improvement circuit, an inverter circuit which includes a plurality of switching elements, and generates an ac signal using a voltage of the smoothing capacitor as a power supply, a power feeding section which feeds power based on the ac signal to a power receiving device, and a control circuit which modulates at least one of a duty factor or an operation frequency of each of the switching elements of the inverter circuit in synchronization with the ac power supply.. .

A voltage level translator includes an inverter circuit configured to switch an output of the inverter circuit between a first voltage level and a second voltage level. The voltage level translator also includes a capacitor connected to the output of the inverter circuit.

To provide a fault detection device for an inverter system, that detects a fault in the inverter system including an inverter circuit 2 that converts dc power into ac power and a motor 5 driven thereby. When a driving start signal sig1 of the inverter circuit 2 is input, a test voltage applying unit 20 applies a predetermined first test voltage to a current measuring unit 10 that measures current flowing in the inverter circuit 2, and it is determined whether the current measuring unit 10 has failed, based on the first test voltage.

A power converter that can supply constant voltage to a load even upon fluctuation of voltage of an ac power source includes an inverter circuit resulting from connecting switching elements in series, the inverter circuit being connected to both ends of a dc power source series circuit resulting from connecting in series two dc power sources; an ac output terminal that is connected to a connection point of the switching elements; another ac output terminal that is connected to a connection point of the dc power sources; and a bidirectional switch element including one end connected to the ac output terminal u and another end connected to a terminal of an ac power source.. .

A power converter can include an inverter including, connected in series, switching elements, the inverter circuit being connected to both ends of a dc power source series circuit resulting from connecting in series a dc power source and a dc power source. Also included can be an ac output terminal that is connected to a connection point of the switching element and the switching element, an ac output terminal that is connected to a connection point of the dc power source and the dc power source, a bidirectional switch element one end of which is connected to the ac output terminal and the other end of which is connected to a terminal of an ac power source and a bidirectional switch element one end of which is connected to the ac output terminal and the other end of which is connected to the ac power source..

A vehicle auxiliary power supply device includes a resonant inverter circuit that converts dc input into a desired ac voltage and outputs the ac voltage and a control unit. The control unit includes a resonance-time managing unit managing resonance time of current flowing in the resonant inverter circuit, a gate-off-command generating unit detecting overcurrent flowing in the resonant inverter circuit based on detected current of a current detector, and, when the overcurrent is detected, generating, based on detected current of the current detector and resonance time managed by the resonance-time managing unit, a gate-off command to turn off switching elements included in the resonant inverter circuit after the elapse of time after which current flowing in the switching elements becomes zero for the first time, and a gate-signal generating unit generating a gate signal that controls the switching elements to be turned off when the gate-off command is input..

A technique for providing control for an electronic ballast by responding to the current in the common bus (dc power rail) betweeen a boost circuit such as a power factor circuit (pfc) and an output (such as a high frequency (hf) inverter) circuit, and adjusting, changing or shutting down either the power factor control circuit or the inverter circuit when the power going into the inverter circuit is above a threshold. Power going into the inverter circuit may be measured by a resistor, and temperature compensation may be provided.

Method and apparatus for a led lighting unit (200), including an inverter circuit (210) electrically coupled to a led module (220) having a pair of antiparallel led groupings. The inverter circuit (210) provides for color and/or dimming control of the led module (220).

An improved topology is presented for a single phase power source inverter that is designed to minimize double frequency ripple. The inverter circuit includes: a capacitor coupled in parallel across a direct current (dc) voltage source; a bridge circuit having three legs electrically connected in parallel with the voltage source and each other, such that each leg of the bridge circuit being comprised of two switches coupled in series with each other; a low pass filter electrically connected between the bridge circuit and a load; an auxiliary inductor having a first terminal electrically connected to one leg of the bridge circuit and a second terminal electrically connected to another leg of the bridge circuit and the load; and a controller that drives the switches of the bridge circuit in a manner that maintains instantaneous power transfer across the bridge circuit constant..

An object is to reduce, with the control circuit of the full-bridge inverter circuit, distortions in an output signal of the inverter circuit resulting from an error in control of the switching of the high-side transistors and low-side transistors included in the first half-bridge circuit and the second half-bridge circuit. The pulse width of a signal that controls on/off of the high-side transistors and low-side transistors included in the first half-bridge circuit and the second half-bridge circuit is reduced, i.e., the duty cycle of the signal is reduced.

The main motor for a railway vehicle is rotationally driven upon receiving an ac power supplied from an inverter circuit that includes a switching element formed by using a wide bandgap semiconductor. The inverter circuit applies a voltage having a pwm waveform to the main motor for a railway vehicle in at least part of a speed range of an electric vehicle.

A resonant power transfer system includes resonant circuitry (26) including an inductor coil (59) and a resonant capacitor (51) coupled to a first terminal (27) of the inductor coil, wherein the inductor coil and the resonant capacitor resonate to produce an excitation signal (is) and a state variable signal (vcs1). Sub-sampling circuitry (30) samples first and second points of the state variable signal at a rate which is substantially less than the rf frequency of the state variable signal.

An organic compound has a dibenzo[8,9:10,11]tetrapheno[5,6-b]carbazole skeleton as a basic skeleton. An organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic compound layer including the organic compound.

An inverter device for an electric vehicle includes an inverter circuit that controls an electric motor connected to a wheel via a connecting member and a control unit that controls torque of the electric motor. The control unit includes a current control unit that executes control so that a q-axis current command for the electric motor matches a current flowing through the electric motor, and a limiter unit that puts limitations so that a magnitude of the q-axis current command does not become equal to or smaller than a preset predetermined value..

An electronic circuit comprises at least one semiconductor switch mounted with its switching path in series with an inductive load to be triggered, and at least one freewheeling element that interacts with the semiconductor switch during switching phases and is also mounted in series with the load. A control unit controls a control connection of the semiconductor switch with a variable control current as a function of the time profile of a voltage measured at the freewheeling element and/or as a function of the time profile of the voltage measured at the switching path.

A method for operating an energy supply unit for a motor vehicle electrical system, including at least one first subsystem and one second subsystem having different voltage levels, the energy supply unit including an electric machine which is connected via a converter circuit to the first subsystem and the second subsystem. In a first operating mode, a switchable switch element of the converter circuit which connects the converter circuit to the second subsystem is opened, the converter circuit is activated as an inverter circuit and the electric machine is motor or generator operated.

Disclosed is a mechanical-electrical integrated electric drive system capable of returning common mode current from a rotary electric machine's side to a virtual neutral point of a power-conversion device inside the electric drive system, where the system comprises a rotary electric machine that includes a rotor, a stator having a stator core including armature windings, and a housing holding the stator and having ac terminals of the armature windings arranged thereon; a power conversion device that is fixed to the periphery of the housing and includes an inverter circuit and ac bus bars connecting the inverter circuit with the ac terminals; conductor rings that are arranged in contact with the stator core to collect common mode current deriving from stray capacitance of the stator; and a connection wire that connects the conductor bar to a virtual neutral point on the dc input side of the inverter circuit.. .

A delay circuit includes at least one main inverter configured to receive an input signal and output a delayed output signal and at least one switchable inverter connected in parallel with the main inverter circuit. The switchable inverter is configured to decrease a delay between the input signal and the delayed output signal based on the switchable inverter being turned on..

An inverter circuit includes an input stage and an output stage, each including pairs of complementary transistors having low-voltage oxides. The transistors within the input stage are configured to receive the input signal and to provide control voltages in response to input signal voltage variations.

A blood pump system for left ventricle assist has an implantable pump unit having a multiphase stator having a plurality of windings connected between respective junctions for forming first, second, and third phases. An external control unit comprises an h-bridge inverter having first, second, and third phase legs.

A piezoelectric element drive circuit includes an h bridge circuit, an lpf-attached differential amplifier circuit, an amplifier circuit, and an inverter circuit. First and second drive signals output from the h bridge circuit and having opposite phases are applied to a piezoelectric element.

An estimating section detects a signal including counter electromotive voltage information of the motor, and estimating a magnetic pole electric angle and a rotational speed of the motor. A driving current controller repeats generation and cut-off of the driving current supplied from a power supply to the motor via the inverter circuit or regenerated from the motor to the power supply in a low-speed period between a stopped state and a predetermined rotational speed in an accelerating operation at a motor starting time or a decelerating operation at a motor stopping time.

A bidirectional power converter that can be used in an electric vehicle to perform ac to dc power conversion to charge the electric vehicle's battery and to perform dc to ac power conversion to export power to run external electrical loads is described. The bidirectional power converter may include an ac interface coupled to a cyclo-inverter circuit, and a dc interface coupled to a h-bridge circuit.

Provided are single phase and multiple phase dc-ac inverters with soft switching, and related methods and uses. The dc-ac inverters comprise at least one voltage source inverter circuit or at least one current source inverter circuit having a dc input and an ac output including a first component at a fundamental frequency and a ripple component at a frequency higher than the fundamental frequency; wherein the ripple component is of a sufficient magnitude that the voltage source inverter circuit output current reverses polarity and allows the at least one inverter circuit to operate with zero voltage switching; or wherein the ripple component is of a sufficient magnitude that the current source inverter circuit output voltage reverses polarity and allows the at least one inverter circuit to operate with zero current switching.

inverter topologies for converting an input direct current (dc) waveform from a dc source to an output alternating current (ac) waveform are disclosed. In some disclosed embodiments, an inverter may include a full bridge llc resonant converter, a first boost converter, and a second boost converter.

The present invention provides a motor drive control device provided with a shutoff circuit employing semiconductor relays and configured to drive a motor by a duty ratio control of an inverter, which stably drives the motor even in an operation state that drive duty ratio of phases are uneven. In the motor drive control device, output lines of three phases of the inverter circuit are connected to phases of the motor and further connected to a booster circuit, an output boosted by the booster circuit at a time of drive of the motor is distributed to semiconductor relays connected to respective phases of the motor, and furthermore, a switching circuit for stopping actuation of the booster circuit to shut off drive of the motor, is interposed in a line for supplying an electric power to the booster circuit..

The present invention relates to a motor drive device having a drive circuit for driving a power supply relay and a phase relay providing a fail-safe function. The motor drive device includes: an inverter circuit for supplying electric power to an electric motor; a power supply relay provided on a power supply line for supplying electric power from a power supply to the inverter circuit; a phase relay provided on a drive line between the inverter circuit and the electric motor, and constituted by a semiconductor switching element; and a drive circuit connected to the phase relay and the power supply relay.

An amplifier has a first pull-up path coupled between a voltage supply node and an output node, and a pull-down path coupled between the output node and a ground supply node. A second pull-up path is coupled between the voltage supply node and the output node.

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