Pathogens and Toxins

Department of Commerce dual-use export control-listed pathogens and toxins are listed below. These pathogens and toxins are found on the Commerce Control List (CCL) in Category 1 at ECCNs 1C351 through 1C360. Please note that export controls also apply to genetic elements and genetically modified organisms that contain DNA associated with the pathogenicity of these biological materials. Severe civil and/or criminal penalties apply to international shipments without an export license of ANY export controlled pathogen or genetic material containing the controlled DNA.

You will need to contact Stanford's Export Control Officer if your research requires an export controlled pathogen or genetic material containing the controlled DNA to be sent outside of the US so that an export license application can be prepared. Export licenses take 4-6 weeks for approval, so please plan in advance.

Also note that the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) controls certain military-related toxins and pathogens at Category XIV of the US Munitions List (USML). The ITAR treats as a defense article any "biological agent or biologically derived substance specifically developed or modified to increase its capability to produce casualties in humans or livestock or to degrade equipment or damage crops." These ITAR export control-listed biological materials will also require an export license. Furthermore, foreign nationals may not access ITAR-controlled biological materials or their disclosure-restricted technologies in the US without government approval.

In the unlikely event that you need access to a disclosure-restricted ITAR controlled biological material or its technology at Stanford, you must first contact Steve Eisner as required by the RPH Chapter: Export Control before receipt.

* AI viruses that have an intravenous pathogenicity index in 6-week-old chickens greater than 1.2; AI viruses that cause at least 75% mortality in 4 to 8 week old chickens infected intravenously; AI viruses of the H5 or H7 should be submitted to further testing

The ITAR controls certain military-related chemicals, chemical agent precursors, propellants, explosives and energetic materials at Category V and Category XIV of the US Munitions List (USML). In addition, under the provisions of the International Chemical Weapons Convention, the United States may require special declarations related to chemical shipments under either the ITAR or the EAR. For your convenience, we've created this reference list.