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In 1844, the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan is in a period of transition, and one of the high ranking lords, Lord Matsudaira, has become tainted by his dissolute and reprobate misconduct. Many leaders in the governing community of the current government feel that the code of honor, bushido, of the samurai is being disgraced by Matsudaira. His reprobate, egotistical, and feckless lifestyle is disgusting to those who come into close contact with him. After receiving reports, Sir Doi is convinced that Matsudaira represents a severe threat to the entire code of honor for the samurai tradition. Sir Doi decides, because of the severity of Matsudaira's misconduct, to take a blood oath to assassinate the reprobate Lord Matsudaira. He enlists a troop of assassins to swear a similar blood oath to do away with Matsudaira in order to restore his country's wellbeing and code of honor.

The film was remade in 2010 by Takashi Miike. The remake was met with critical acclaim. BFI, in an assessment of the top ten samurai films, compared the remake of the film to the original version stating: "Set in 1844, 13 Assassins follows the Seven Samurai template, featuring a band of samurais who come together to overthrow a despotic lord for the greater good of society. Miike’s version benefits from a far more generous budget, with a wonderful attention to period sets and costumes and some inventively choreographed fight scenes."[1]

1.
Akira Ifukube
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Akira Ifukube was a Japanese composer of classical music and film scores, perhaps best known for his work on the soundtracks of the Godzilla movies by Toho. Akira Ifukube was born on May 31,1914 in Kushiro on the Japanese island of Hokkaidō, much of his childhood was spent in areas with a mixed Japanese and Ainu population, and his father, unusually for the time, socialised with Ainu. Ifukube was strongly influenced by the music of both peoples, and studied the violin and the shamisen. His first encounter with music occurred when attending secondary school in Hokkaidōs capital. Legend has it that Ifukube decided to become a composer at the age of 14 after hearing a performance of Igor Stravinskys ballet. He also cited the music of Manuel de Falla as a major influence, Ifukube went on to study forestry at Hokkaido University and composing in his spare time, which prefigured a line of self-taught Japanese composers such as Tōru Takemitsu and Takashi Yoshimatsu. His first piece was the solo, Piano Suite. This piece was dedicated to the pianist George Copeland who was living in Spain. Atsushi Miura, musicologist and Ifukubes friend in university, sent a fan letter to Copeland, Copeland replied, It is wonderful that you listen my disc in spite of you living in Japan, the opposite side of the earth. I imagine you may compose music, then Miura, who was not a composer, presented Ifukube and this piece to Copeland. Copeland promised to interpret it, but the correspondence was unfortunately stopped because of the Spanish Civil War, Ifukubes big break came in 1935, when his first orchestral piece, Japanese Rhapsody, won the first prize in an international contest for young composers promoted by Alexander Tcherepnin. The next year, Ifukube studied modern Western composition while Tcherepnin was visiting Japan, in the late 1930s his music, especially Japanese Rhapsody, was performed in Europe on a number of occasions. He suffered radiation exposure after carrying out x-rays without protection, a consequence of the wartime lead shortage, thus, he had to abandon forestry work and became a professional composer and teacher. From 1946 to 1953, he taught at the Nihon University College of Art, during which period he composed his first film score for The End of the Silver Mountains, released in 1947. Over the next fifty years, he would more than 250 film scores. Despite his financial success as a composer, Ifukubes first love had always been his general classical work as a composer. In fact his compositions for the two genres cross-fertilized each other, for example, he was to recycle his 1953 music for the ballet Shaka, about how the young Siddhartha Gautama eventually became the Buddha, for Kenji Misumis 1961 film Buddha. Then in 1988 he reworked the music to create his three-movement symphonic ode Gotama the Buddha

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Toei Company
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Toei Company, Ltd. is a Japanese film, television production, and distribution corporation. Based in Tokyo, Toei owns and operates thirty-four movie theaters across Japan, studios at Tokyo and Kyoto and it is notable for anime, live action dramas known as tokusatsu which use special visual effects, and historical dramas. The name Toei is derived from the former name Tōkyō Eiga Haikyū. Tokyo-Yokohama Films, incorporated 1938, had erected its facilities immediately east of the Tōkyū Tōyoko Line, from 1945 through the Toei merger, Tokyo-Yokohama Films leased from the Daiei Motion Picture Company a second studio in Kyoto. On October 1,1950, the Tokyo Film Distribution Company was incorporated, in 1956, Toei established an animation division, Toei Animation Company, Limited at the former Tokyo-Ōizumi animation studio, purchasing the assets of Japan Animated Films. The name is used as a contributor to the soundtracks for the series. In the Unofficial Sentai Akibaranger series, Saburo Hatte is a person who is godlike within the fictional reality that the show takes place in. It should be noted that Saburo Yatsudes name isnt inspired by Saburo/Hakaider

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Japan
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Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. 日 can be read as ni and means sun while 本 can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referred to by the famous epithet Land of the Rising Sun in reference to its Japanese name. Japan is an archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, the country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one, the population of 127 million is the worlds tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98. 5% of Japans total population, approximately 9.1 million people live in the city of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, from the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a period of isolation in the early 17th century. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, the country has the worlds third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the worlds fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the worlds fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer, although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the worlds eighth-largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living. Its population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate in the world, in ancient China, Japan was called Wo 倭. It was mentioned in the third century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms in the section for the Wei kingdom, Wa became disliked because it has the connotation of the character 矮, meaning dwarf. The 倭 kanji has been replaced with the homophone Wa, meaning harmony, the Japanese word for Japan is 日本, which is pronounced Nippon or Nihon and literally means the origin of the sun. The earliest record of the name Nihon appears in the Chinese historical records of the Tang dynasty, at the start of the seventh century, a delegation from Japan introduced their country as Nihon

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Japanese language
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Japanese is an East Asian language spoken by about 125 million speakers, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language. It is a member of the Japonic language family, whose relation to language groups, particularly to Korean. Little is known of the prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century recorded a few Japanese words, during the Heian period, Chinese had considerable influence on the vocabulary and phonology of Old Japanese. Late Middle Japanese saw changes in features that brought it closer to the modern language, the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region in the Early Modern Japanese period. Following the end in 1853 of Japans self-imposed isolation, the flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, English loanwords in particular have become frequent, and Japanese words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese is an agglutinative, mora-timed language with simple phonotactics, a vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length. Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or make questions. Nouns have no number or gender, and there are no articles. Verbs are conjugated, primarily for tense and voice, but not person, Japanese equivalents of adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a system of honorifics with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener. Japanese has no relationship with Chinese, but it makes extensive use of Chinese characters, or kanji, in its writing system. Along with kanji, the Japanese writing system uses two syllabic scripts, hiragana and katakana. Latin script is used in a fashion, such as for imported acronyms. Very little is known about the Japanese of this period, Old Japanese is the oldest attested stage of the Japanese language. Through the spread of Buddhism, the Chinese writing system was imported to Japan, the earliest texts found in Japan are written in Classical Chinese, but they may have been meant to be read as Japanese by the kanbun method. Some of these Chinese texts show the influences of Japanese grammar, in these hybrid texts, Chinese characters are also occasionally used phonetically to represent Japanese particles. The earliest text, the Kojiki, dates to the early 8th century, the end of Old Japanese coincides with the end of the Nara period in 794

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Romanization of Japanese
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The romanization of Japanese is the application of the Latin script to write the Japanese language. This method of writing is referred to in English as rōmaji. There are several different romanization systems, the three main ones are Hepburn romanization, Kunrei-shiki romanization, and Nihon-shiki romanization. Variants of the Hepburn system are the most widely used, Japanese is normally written in a combination of logographic characters borrowed from Chinese and syllabic scripts which also ultimately derive from Chinese characters. It is also used to transliterate Japanese terms in text written in English on topics related to Japan, such as linguistics, literature, history, and culture. Rōmaji is the most common way to input Japanese into word processors and computers, all Japanese who have attended elementary school since World War II have been taught to read and write romanized Japanese. The word rōmaji literally means Roman letters, and in Japan it is often used to refer to the Latin alphabet itself than to any specific form of romanized Japanese. The earliest Japanese romanization system was based on the Portuguese orthography and it was developed around 1548 by a Japanese Catholic named Yajiro. Jesuit priests used the system in a series of printed Catholic books so that missionaries could preach and teach their converts without learning to read Japanese orthography. The most useful of these books for the study of early modern Japanese pronunciation and early attempts at romanization was the Nippo jisho, in general, the early Portuguese system was similar to Nihon-shiki in its treatment of vowels. The latter continued to be printed and read after the suppression of Christianity in Japan, the Hepburn system included representation of some sounds that have since changed. The Nihon-shiki romanization was an outgrowth of that movement, several Japanese texts were published entirely in rōmaji during this period, but it failed to catch on. Today, the use of Nihon-shiki for writing Japanese is advocated by the Oomoto sect, during the Allied occupation of Japan, the government of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers made it official policy to romanize Japanese. However, that failed and a more moderate attempt at Japanese script reform followed. Hepburn romanization generally follows English phonology with Romance vowels and it is an intuitive method of showing Anglophones the pronunciation of a word in Japanese. It was standardized in the USA as American National Standard System for the Romanization of Japanese, Hepburn is the most common romanization system in use today, especially in the English-speaking world. The Revised Hepburn system of romanization uses a macron to indicate long vowels. For example, the name じゅんいちろう, is written with the kana characters ju-n-i-chi-ro-u, without the apostrophe, it would not be possible to distinguish this correct reading from the incorrect ju-ni-chi-ro-u

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Cinema of Japan
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The cinema of Japan has a history that spans more than 100 years. Japan has one of the oldest and largest film industries in the world, as of 2010, in 2011 Japan produced 411 feature films that earned 54. 9% of a box office total of US$2.338 billion. Movies have been produced in Japan since 1897, when the first foreign cameramen arrived, in a Sight & Sound list of the best films produced in Asia, Japanese works made up eight of the top 12, with Tokyo Story ranked number one. Japan has won the Academy Award for the Best Foreign Language Film four times, the kinetoscope, first shown commercially by Thomas Edison in the United States in 1894, was first shown in Japan in November 1896. The Vitascope and the Lumière Brothers Cinematograph were first presented in Japan in early 1897, Lumière cameramen were the first to shoot films in Japan. Moving pictures, however, were not a new experience for the Japanese because of their rich tradition of pre-cinematic devices such as gentō or the magic lantern. The first successful Japanese film in late 1897 showed sights in Tokyo, in 1898 some ghost films were made, the Shirō Asano shorts Bake Jizo and Shinin no sosei. The first documentary, the short Geisha no teodori, was made in June 1899, tsunekichi Shibata made a number of early films, including Momijigari, an 1899 record of two famous actors performing a scene from a well-known kabuki play. Early films were influenced by traditional theater – for example, kabuki, at the dawn of the twentieth century theaters in Japan hired benshi, storytellers who sat next to the screen and narrated silent movies. They were descendants of kabuki jōruri, kōdan storytellers, theater barkers, Benshi could be accompanied by music like silent films from cinema of the West. With the advent of sound in the early 1930s, the benshi gradually disappeared, in 1908, Shōzō Makino, considered the pioneering director of Japanese film, began his influential career with Honnōji gassen, produced for Yokota Shōkai. Shōzō recruited Matsunosuke Onoe, a kabuki actor, to star in his productions. Onoe became Japans first film star, appearing in over 1,000 films, mostly shorts, the pair pioneered the jidaigeki genre. Tokihiko Okada was a romantic lead of the same era. Among intellectuals, critiques of Japanese cinema grew in the 1910s, in what was later named the Pure Film Movement, writers in magazines such as Kinema Record called for a broader use of such cinematic techniques. Some of these critics, such as Norimasa Kaeriyama, went on to put their ideas into practice by directing such films as The Glow of Life, there were parallel efforts elsewhere in the film industry. In his 1917 film The Captains Daughter, Masao Inoue started using techniques new to the silent film era, such as the close-up, the Pure Film Movement was central in the development of the gendaigeki and scriptwriting. New studios established around 1920, such as Shochiku and Taikatsu, at Taikatsu, Thomas Kurihara directed films scripted by the novelist Junichiro Tanizaki, who was a strong advocate of film reform

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Jidaigeki
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Jidaigeki is a genre of film, television, video game, and theatre in Japan. Literally meaning period dramas, they are most often set during the Edo period of Japanese history, some, however, are set much earlier—Portrait of Hell, for example, is set during the late Heian period—and the early Meiji era is also a popular setting. Jidaigeki show the lives of the samurai, farmers, craftsmen, Jidaigeki films are sometimes referred to as chambara movies, a word meaning sword fight, though chambara is more accurately a subgenre of jidaigeki. Jidaigeki rely on a set of dramatic conventions including the use of makeup, language, catchphrases. Many jidaigeki take place in Edo, the military capital, others show the adventures of people wandering from place to place. The long-running television series Zenigata Heiji and Abarenbō Shōgun typify the Edo jidaigeki, Mito Kōmon, the fictitious story of the travels of the historical daimyo Tokugawa Mitsukuni, and the Zatoichi movies and television series, exemplify the traveling style. Another way to categorize jidaigeki is according to the status of the principal characters. The title character of Abarenbō Shogun is Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eighth Tokugawa shogun, the head of the samurai class, Yoshimune assumes the disguise of a low-ranking hatamoto, a samurai in the service of the shogun. Similarly, Mito Kōmon is the retired vice-shogun, masquerading as a merchant, in contrast, the coin-throwing Heiji of Zenigata Heiji is a commoner, working for the police, while Ichi, a blind masseur, is an outcast, as were many disabled people in that era. In fact, masseurs, who typically were at the bottom of the food chain, was one of the few vocational positions available to the blind in that era. Gokenin Zankurō is a samurai but, due to his low rank and income, whether the lead role is samurai or commoner, jidaigeki usually reach a climax in an immense sword fight just before the end. The title character of a series always wins, whether using a sword or a jutte, sengoku-jidai is a Japanese genre that has been used as the setting for novels, films, video games, anime and manga. It bears some parallels with the Western, Akira Kurosawas Seven Samurai, among the characters in jidaigeki are a parade of people with occupations unfamiliar to modern Japanese, and especially to foreigners. The warrior class included samurai, hereditary members in the service of a daimyo or the shogun. Ronin, samurai without masters, were warriors, and like samurai. Bugeisha were men, or in some women, who aimed to perfect their martial arts. Ninja were the service, specializing in stealth, the use of disguises, explosives. Craftsmen in jidaigeki included metalworkers, bucket-makers, carpenters and plasterers, in addition to the owners of businesses large and small, the jidaigeki often portray the employees

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Tokugawa shogunate
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The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Tokugawa bakufu and the Edo bakufu, was the last feudal Japanese military government, which existed between 1600 and 1868. The head of government was the shogun, and each was a member of the Tokugawa clan, the Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo Castle and the years of the shogunate became known as the Edo period. This time is called the Tokugawa period or pre-modern. Following the Sengoku period, the government had been largely re-established by Oda Nobunaga during the Azuchi–Momoyama period. After the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, central authority fell to Tokugawa Ieyasu, society in the Tokugawa period, unlike the shogunates before it, was supposedly based on the strict class hierarchy originally established by Toyotomi Hideyoshi. The daimyō were at the top, followed by the warrior-caste of samurai, with the farmers, artisans, and traders ranking below. In some parts of the country, particularly smaller regions, daimyō and samurai were more or less identical, since daimyō might be trained as samurai, otherwise, the largely inflexible nature of this social stratification system unleashed disruptive forces over time. Taxes on the peasantry were set at fixed amounts which did not account for inflation or other changes in monetary value, as a result, the tax revenues collected by the samurai landowners were worth less and less over time. This often led to confrontations between noble but impoverished samurai and well-to-do peasants, ranging from simple local disturbances to much bigger rebellions. None, however, proved compelling enough to challenge the established order until the arrival of foreign powers. The Tokugawa Shogunate came to an end in 1868 with the resignation of the 15th Tokugawa Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu. The bakuhan taisei was the political system in the Edo period of Japan. Baku is an abbreviation of bakufu, meaning military government—that is, the han were the domains headed by daimyō. Vassals held inherited lands and provided service and homage to their lords. The bakuhan taisei split feudal power between the shogunate in Edo and provincial domains throughout Japan, provinces had a degree of sovereignty and were allowed an independent administration of the han in exchange for loyalty to the shogun, who was responsible for foreign relations and national security. The shogun and lords were all daimyō, feudal lords with their own bureaucracies, policies, the shogun also administered the most powerful han, the hereditary fief of the House of Tokugawa. Each level of government administered its own system of taxation, the emperor, nominally a religious leader, held no real power, this was invested in the shogun. The shogunate had the power to discard, annex, and transform domains, the sankin kōtai system of alternative residence required each daimyō to reside in alternate years between the han and the court in Edo

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Bushido
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Bushido is a Japanese term for the samurai way of life, loosely analogous to the concept of chivalry in Europe. The way itself originates from the moral values, most commonly stressing some combination of frugality, loyalty, martial arts mastery. Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, some aspects of warrior values became formalized into Japanese feudal law, the word was first used in Japan during the 17th century in Kōyō Gunkan. It came into usage in Japan and the West after the 1899 publication of Nitobe Inazōs Bushido. In order to become a samurai this code has to be mastered, Nitobe was not the first to document Japanese chivalry in this way. In Feudal and Modern Japan, historian Arthur May Knapp wrote, The samurai of thirty years ago had behind him a years of training in the law of honor, obedience, duty. It was not needed to create or establish them, as a child he had but to be instructed, as indeed he was from his earliest years, in the etiquette of self-immolation. The Kojiki is Japans oldest extant book, written in 721, it contains passages about Yamato Takeru, the son of the Emperor Keikō. It provides an indication of early Japanese military values and literary self-image, including references to the use and this early concept is further found in the Shoku Nihongi, an early history of Japan written in 797. The chapter covering the year 721 is notable for a use of the term bushi. The Chinese term bushi had entered the Japanese vocabulary with the introduction of Chinese literature, supplementing the indigenous terms tsuwamono. It is also the usage for public placement exams, an early reference to saburau—a verb meaning to wait upon or to accompany a person of high rank—appears in Kokin Wakashū, the first imperial anthology of poems published in the early 10th century. By the end of the 12th century, saburai had become synonymous with bushi. Although many of the literary works of Japan contain the image of the warrior. Warrior ideals and conduct may be illustrated, but the term did not appear in text until the Tokugawa period. From the literature of the 13th to 16th centuries, there exists an abundance of references to military ideals, clearly depicted throughout the Heike Monogatari is the ideal of the cultivated warrior. The warriors in the Heike Monogatari served as models for the warriors of later generations. Nevertheless, during the modern era, these ideals were vigorously pursued in the upper echelons of warrior society

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Takashi Miike
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Takashi Miike is a highly prolific and controversial Japanese filmmaker. He has directed over ninety theatrical, video, and television productions since his debut in 1991, Miike is credited with directing fifteen productions in the years 2001 and 2002 alone. His films range from violent and bizarre to dramatic and family-friendly, Miike was born to Korean parents in Yao, Osaka, Japan, an area inhabited by the poor working class immigrants from the Korean Peninsula. His family originally emigrated to Kumamoto Prefecture, during World War II, his grandfather was stationed in China and Korea, and his father was born in Seoul in todays South Korea. His father worked as a welder and his mother as seamstress, Miikes first films were television productions, but he also began directing several direct-to-video V-Cinema releases. Miike still directs V-Cinema productions intermittently due to the freedom afforded by the less stringent censorship of the medium. Miikes theatrical debut was the film The Third Gangster, however it was Shinjuku Triad Society that was the first of his theatrical releases to gain public attention. The film showcased his style and his recurring themes. Shinjuku Triad Society is also the first film in what is labeled his Black Society Trilogy and he has since gained a strong cult following in the West that is growing with the increase in DVD releases of his works. His film Hara-Kiri, Death of a Samurai premiered In Competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and his 2013 film Straw Shield was nominated for the Palme dOr at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. Miike has garnered international notoriety for depicting shocking scenes of extreme violence, many of his films contain graphic and lurid bloodshed, often portrayed in an over-the-top, cartoonish manner. Much of his work depicts the activities of criminals or concern themselves with gaijin and he is known for his dark sense of humor and for pushing the boundaries of censorship as far as they will go. Despite his notorious reputation, Miike has also directed movies in a range of genres, other less controversial works include Ley Lines and Agitator, which are character-driven crime dramas. While Miike often creates films that are accessible and target arthouse audiences and fans of extreme cinema, such as Izo. Extremes, he has created several mainstream and commercial titles such as the horror film One Missed Call, Miike says that Starship Troopers is his favorite movie. He admires film directors Akira Kurosawa, Hideo Gosha, David Lynch, David Cronenberg, One of his most controversial films was the ultra-violent Ichi the Killer, adapted from a manga of the same name and starring Tadanobu Asano as a sadomasochistic yakuza enforcer. However, the British Board of Film Classification refused to allow the release of the film uncut in Britain, in Hong Kong,15 minutes of footage were cut. In the United States it has been shown uncut, an uncut DVD was also released in the Benelux

11.
Seven Samurai
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Seven Samurai is a 1954 Japanese epic historical adventure drama film co-written, edited, and directed by Akira Kurosawa. The story takes place in 1586 during the Sengoku Period of Japanese history and it follows the story of a village of farmers that hire seven ronin to combat bandits who will return after the harvest to steal their crops. Since its release, Seven Samurai has consistently ranked highly in critics greatest films lists, such as the BFIs Sight and Sound and it has remained highly influential, often seen as a masterpiece and one of the most remade, reworked, referenced films in cinema. Bandits approach a mountain village, but their chief decides to spare it until after the harvest because they had raided it before, the plan is overheard by a farmer. Three farmers ask Gisaku, the elder and miller, for advice. He declares they should hire samurai to defend the village, since they have no money, Gisaku tells them to find hungry samurai. After little success, the group watch Kambei, an aging but experienced rōnin, a young samurai named Katsushirō asks to become Kambeis disciple. The villagers then ask for help, and after initial reluctance, although inexperienced, Katsushirō is selected because time is short. Kikuchiyo, a man who carries a scroll that he claims makes him a samurai. On arrival, the find the villagers cowering in their homes. Feeling insulted by such a reception, Kikuchiyo rings the village alarm bell. The samurai are both pleased and amused by this, and accept him as a comrade-in-arms, slowly the samurai and farmers begin to trust each other as they train together. Katsushirō forms a relationship with Shino, a daughter, who had been masquerading as a boy for protection from the supposedly lustful samurai. However, the six samurai are angered when Kikuchiyo brings them armor and weapons, Kikuchiyo retorts that samurai are responsible for battles, raids, taxation and forced labor that devastate the villagers lives. By so doing, he reveals his origin as a farmers son. The samurais anger turns to shame, two are killed, while another reveals the location of their camp. Against the wishes of the samurai, the kill the prisoner. The samurai burn down the camp in a pre-emptive strike

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IMDb
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In 1998 it became a subsidiary of Amazon Inc, who were then able to use it as an advertising resource for selling DVDs and videotapes. As of January 2017, IMDb has approximately 4.1 million titles and 7.7 million personalities in its database, the site enables registered users to submit new material and edits to existing entries. Although all data is checked before going live, the system has open to abuse. The site also featured message boards which stimulate regular debates and dialogue among authenticated users, IMDb shutdown the message boards permanently on February 20,2017. Anyone with a connection can read the movie and talent pages of IMDb. A registration process is however, to contribute info to the site. A registered user chooses a name for themselves, and is given a profile page. These badges range from total contributions made, to independent categories such as photos, trivia, bios, if a registered user or visitor happens to be in the entertainment industry, and has an IMDb page, that user/visitor can add photos to that page by enrolling in IMDbPRO. Actors, crew, and industry executives can post their own resume and this fee enrolls them in a membership called IMDbPro. PRO can be accessed by anyone willing to pay the fee, which is $19.99 USD per month, or if paid annually, $149.99, which comes to approximately $12.50 per month USD. Membership enables a user to access the rank order of each industry personality, as well as agent contact information for any actor, producer, director etc. that has an IMDb page. Enrolling in PRO for industry personnel, enables those members the ability to upload a head shot to open their page, as well as the ability to upload hundreds of photos to accompany their page. Anyone can register as a user, and contribute to the site as well as enjoy its content, however those users enrolled in PRO have greater access and privileges. IMDb originated with a Usenet posting by British film fan and computer programmer Col Needham entitled Those Eyes, others with similar interests soon responded with additions or different lists of their own. Needham subsequently started an Actors List, while Dave Knight began a Directors List, and Andy Krieg took over THE LIST from Hank Driskill, which would later be renamed the Actress List. Both lists had been restricted to people who were alive and working, the goal of the participants now was to make the lists as inclusive as possible. By late 1990, the lists included almost 10,000 movies and television series correlated with actors and actresses appearing therein. On October 17,1990, Needham developed and posted a collection of Unix shell scripts which could be used to search the four lists, at the time, it was known as the rec. arts. movies movie database