Historical information: Haruo Aoki, Nez Perce scholar, was born on April 1st, 1930 in Kunsan, Japan (now South Korea). He attended Hiroshima University from 1949 – 1953, where he completed an undergraduate degree in English; then in 1953 he received a Fulbright Scholarship and moved to Lost Angeles to complete a Masters Degree in English at UCLA. In 1958, Aoki moved to Berkeley to begin a PhD in Linguistics, working with graduate advisor Murray B. Emeneau and dissertation advisor William F. Shipley. He began working on Nez Perce when Mary Haas, who was department chair at the time, came to his office and asked whether he was interested in working on the language, and he said yes. Aoki began his fieldwork on Nez Perce in the summers of 1960-1961 under the auspices of the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. He then continued to do fieldwork intermittently in 1962 to 1964 between visits to Japan to teach in a Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures. He received his PhD from the University of California, Berkeley in 1965 with a dissertation entitled "Nez Perce Grammar" and continued to work on Nez Perce oral narratives up until 1972, publishing a book entitled "Nez Perce Texts" in 1979. In 1989, under a National Science Foundation grant, he co-authored "Nez Perce Oral Narratives" with Deward E. Walker, a publication containing transcriptions of Nez Perce texts with interlinear and free translations. In 1994, he published a comprehensive dictionary on the language entitled "Nez Perce Dictionary", and in 2014 published an autobiography entitled "Stories from My Life".

Scope and content: These papers document the linguistic work of Haruo Aoki on the Nez Perce language, including materials related to his original fieldwork as well as materials he derived from other researchers’ recordings of Nez Perce. Aoki conducted fieldwork on Nez Perce during the summers of 1960 through 1972 at Kooskia and Kamiah, Idaho, during which time his primary consultants were Harry Wheeler, Ida James Wheeler, and Elizabeth P. Wilson. Included in this collection are Aoki’s original field notes and notebooks from this time period, containing vocabulary and elicited sentences; also included are grammatical notes, word lists, and research articles he derived from these materials. The collection also includes Haruo Aoki’s transcriptions, with glosses, of Nez Perce texts that were originally recorded by Sven Liljeblad and Deward E. Walker in 1966-1967. The primary consultants for these texts were Agnes Moses, Sam Watters, and Elizabeth P. Wilson. In addition to original work on Nez Perce, a range of other materials related to Aoki’s professional activities, personal life, and linguistic interests are also included in the collection. Of biographical relevance, the collection includes Aoki’s autobiography, correspondence relating to some of Aoki’s professional activities, and papers Aoki wrote on non-linguistic topics, specifically English and English literature and critical writing concerning Japanese cultural heritage (in Japanese). As well, the collection includes a large amount of material that was gathered from outside sources such as museums, societies, and libraries by Aoki throughout his research on various language families. These obtained materials include: papers, photocopies of notebooks, and historical documents on Nez Perce and other Sahaptian languages; primary materials on Molalla; Edward Sapir’s Takelma note cards; and materials concerning comparative work on Na-Dene and Sino-Tibetan. Finally, the collection includes Aoki’s work on a previously undescribed Nagasaki dialect of Japanese, including a set of notebooks and a research manuscript.

Scope and content: The Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Map Collection includes a variety of maps showing the boundaries of indigenous languages and groups as well as settlement locations. Included are some of the classic maps from the Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78 by Alfred Kroeber.

Repository: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages

Preferred citation: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages Map Collection, SCL Maps, Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/collection/11082

Historical information: William H. Jacobsen (1931-2014) was born on November 15, 1931 in San Diego, CA to Cmdr. William H. Jacobsen, USN ret., and Julie Froatz Jacobsen. He graduated from Point Loma High School, San Diego, in 1949, and went on to graduate from Harvard University in 1953. Jacobsen then pursued graduate studies at the University of California, Berkeley where he engaged in fieldwork on Salinan and Washo under the auspices of the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages. While at UC Berkeley, he also worked on an early machine language translation project. He received his Doctoral Degree from UC Berkeley in 1964 with a thesis entitled “A Grammar of the Washo Language”, supervised by Mary Haas, which endures as the most complete grammar of Washo published to date. He also worked as an assistant professor of anthropology (1961-1962) and linguistics (1962-1964) at the University of Washington, spending many of his summers in Neah Bay, WA, working with Makah elders to record their language. Most of Jacobsen’s academic career was spent as a professor of linguistics at the University of Nevada, Reno where he taught for thirty years (1965-1994). Throughout his academic career Jacobsen was a prolific and versatile scholar, devising writing systems, creating materials for teaching tribal members Washo and Makah, and publishing many papers on linguistic topics. Jacobsen was an active contributor within the Americanist linguistic community not only through his research, which touched upon a diverse array of languages from Hokan to Wakashan and beyond, but also through steady correspondence and collaboration with colleagues and students. In addition to his work on indigenous languages of North America, Jacobsen was well-known for his extensive work on Basque, which he engaged in through his involvement in the Center for Basque Studies at UNR. Altogether, Jacobsen was familiar with all the main Romance languages and Sanskrit in addition to being a specialist in Washo, Makah, Salinan, Nez Perce, Nootkan, and Basque. He served as president of the Society for the Study of Indigenous Languages of the Americas, received the Outstanding Researcher Award from the University of Nevada, and received the Nevada Humanities Award. Jacobsen officially retired from UNR in 1994 but continued to engage with the linguistics community as an emeritus professor. Jacobsen passed away on August 18, 2014 in Reno, NV, at age 82.

Scope and content: These materials document the linguistic work of William H. Jacobsen on various indigenous languages of North America, especially Washo, Makah, and Salinan, as well as on other languages and linguistic topics Jacobsen came into contact with throughout his academic career. The collection includes Jacobsen’s original field notebooks from work on Washo, Makah, and Salinan, as well as smaller aggregates of field notes on Diegueño, Northern Paiute, Kwak’wala, and Cowichan. In addition to original field notes, the collection includes derived research notes; many of these derived materials were organized by Jacobsen into separate folders by topic, and have been catalogued as they were found in order to reflect Jacobsen’s own organization. These research notes encompass work on Washo, Makah and other Southern Wakashan languages, Salinan, Yana and other Hokan languages, other Californian languages, and other topics related to general linguistic theory. A set of finished or near-finished manuscripts and handouts is also included, in many cases constituting completed work derived from Jacobsen’s research notes. Also included are transcriptions of texts and conversations in Washo and Makah, notes from collaborative work with Grace Dangberg on Washo texts, and materials Jacobsen developed in order to teach both Washo and Makah. Original file slips from Jacobsen’s work in organizing lexical material from Washo, Makah, Salinan, comparative Wakashan and Hokan, and Tagalog are also included. In addition to materials from Jacobsen’s original fieldwork and research, the collection includes a wealth of materials that Jacobsen obtained from other researchers. These obtained materials include an extensive collection of original Washo field notebooks originally belonging to Grace Dangberg, Gordon Marsh, Walter Dyk, Phillip Barker and William Shipley, and Brooke Mordy. In addition, the collection includes file slips and derived field notes from various sources. On Washo, these materials include Gordon Marsh’s file slips, research notes from Grace Dangberg and Walter Dyk, and photocopies of various vocabulary lists obtained from the Smithsonian Institution; on Wakashan, this includes a set of file slips from an unknown source; and on Yana, this includes a variety of research notes and a box of file slips obtained from Bruce Nevin, along with various photocopied materials on Yana obtained from museums. Other obtained materials include derived work on Washo texts by Brooke Mordy and on Yahi by T. T. Waterman, a collection of rare, unpublished, or difficult to obtain manuscripts concerning various North American indigenous languages, and published curricular materials on Washo and Makah. Various materials related to Jacobsen’s academic, scholarly, and teaching activities are catalogued as a separate series in the collection, in addition to being scattered throughout Jacobsen’s research notes. Finally, the collection includes a set of sound recordings that were discovered in Jacobsen’s possession but are not otherwise catalogued in earlier CLA collections. These recordings include recordings of Washo, Makah, Bella Coola, Ibo, Abaza, and at least one other unidentified language; some of the recordings were made by Jacobsen with various identified consultants, while others were obtained from colleagues including Brooke Mordy, Laura Fillmore, and Warren d’Azevedo, among possible others.

Repository: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages

Preferred citation: William H. Jacobsen. William H. Jacobsen Materials on Indigenous Languages of North America, SCL 2014-21, Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.7297/X2028PGT

Associated materials: Audio recordings associated with the Materials can be accessed online through the California Language Archive. In particular, audio recordings are located in The William H. Jacobsen, Jr. collection of Antoniaño Salinan sound recordings (LA 69), The William H. Jacobsen, Jr. collection of Washo sound recordings (LA 53), and the William H. Jacobsen, Jr. collection of Makah sound recordings (LA 52).

Description: Three sections from a sketch grammar of Chimariko: Introduction, phonology, and morphology.

Repository: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages

Preferred citation: Chimeriko in the light of Sapir's data, Swadesh.004, in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/2514

Description: Photocopy of the index and first 20 pages of Edward Sapir and Morris Swadesh’s manuscript, “Wakashan Comparative Vocabulary” (1951), which is kept in full at the American Philosophical Society (497.3 B63c W la.26) (the item Sapir.001 contains different pages of the same manuscript); a letter from Victor Golla to William H. Jacobsen, dated November 5, 1984, requesting Jacobsen’s opinion on whether to include the manuscript in an edited volume of the Collected Works of Edward Sapir; and a letter from Victor Golla to William H. Jacobsen concerning the publication of a volume containing Edward Sapir’s Nootka materials, requesting assistance.

Preferred citation: Comparative Wakashan Vocabulary, 2014-21.004.007, in "William H. Jacobsen Materials on Indigenous Languages of North America", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/23133

Preferred citation: Letters from Edward Sapir to A. L. Kroeber, 1907-1915, Sapir.m001, in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/1542

Preferred citation: Wakashan comparative vocabulary, Sapir.001, in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/1534

Preferred citation: Yana Grammar: Phonetics (III), 2014-21.004.015, in "William H. Jacobsen Materials on Indigenous Languages of North America", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/23141

Preferred citation: Yana Grammar: Verbs (II), 2014-21.004.014, in "William H. Jacobsen Materials on Indigenous Languages of North America", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/23140

Preferred citation: Yana Phonetic Laws, 2014-21.004.016, in "William H. Jacobsen Materials on Indigenous Languages of North America", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/23142

Preferred citation: Yana notes from Sapir's course, Newman.002 , in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/1452

Preferred citation: Yurok notes, Sapir.005, in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/1541

Preferred citation: [Algonquian vocabularies], Teeter.009, in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/2605

Preferred citation: [Analyzed Yana texts], Sapir.002.002, in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/1537

Description: Typescript draft of Yana dictionary with handwritten annotations. Entries are strips of paper attached to pages with tape.

Repository: Survey of California and Other Indian Languages

Preferred citation: [Draft Yana dictionary], Sapir.004, in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/1540

Description: Alphabetized note cards with Takelma words and phrases alongside English translations; each card contains a reference to the page number in Edward Sapir's "Takelma Texts" (1909, call number: PM2401.Z73 1909) where the word or phrase is published.

Preferred citation: [Edward Sapir’s note cards on the Takelma language], 2014-12.004.037, in "Haruo Aoki Papers on the Nez Perce Language", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/22630

Description: Miscellaneous handwritten notes on grammatical topics; a copy of a paper entitled “Sapir’s Writings on Yana”, bundled together with typed notes which include notes entitled “Lexicon for Yana Text”; a copy of Edward Sapir’s text “The Rolling Skull” arranged for photocopying, with notes; an in-progress manuscript on Yana and Yahi (title unknown, written by Bruce Nevin), with sections labeled “Phonology” and “Morphophonemics and Syntax”; an in-progress manuscript entitled “On the Determination of Semantic Structures” by Bruce Nevin, and a final copy of the same manuscript, dated Spring 1969.

Preferred citation: [Research notes on Yana concerning various grammatical topics], 2014-21.004.010, in "William H. Jacobsen Materials on Indigenous Languages of North America", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/23136

Preferred citation: [Sapir Na-Dene Notes], 2014-12.004.038, in "Haruo Aoki Papers on the Nez Perce Language", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/22631

Preferred citation: [Sapir-Laufer Correspondence 1], 2014-12.004.039, in "Haruo Aoki Papers on the Nez Perce Language", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/22632

Description: Printout of a letter from Edward Sapir to Dr. B. Laufer in which Sapir comments upon a Tibetan book lent to him by Laufer and asks additional questions about Tibetan, Burman, and Indo-Chinese.

Preferred citation: [Sapir-Laufer Correspondence 2], 2014-12.004.040, in "Haruo Aoki Papers on the Nez Perce Language", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/22633

Preferred citation: [Sapir-Laufer Correspondence 3], 2014-12.004.041, in "Haruo Aoki Papers on the Nez Perce Language", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/22634

Preferred citation: [Sapir-Laufer Correspondence 4] , 2014-12.004.042, in "Haruo Aoki Papers on the Nez Perce Language", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/22635

Preferred citation: [Sapir-Laufer Correspondence 5], 2014-12.004.043, in "Haruo Aoki Papers on the Nez Perce Language", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/22636

Preferred citation: [Shasta vocabulary], Dixon.004, in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/336

Preferred citation: [Yahi vocabulary], Sapir.003, in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/1539

Preferred citation: [Yana lexical elements], Sapir.002.001, in "Miscellaneous papers from the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages", Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, University of California, Berkeley, http://cla.berkeley.edu/item/1536