The Bible: Inspired by God or thought up by men?

The Bible’s argument for God’s Existence

The Bible is the perennial best-seller of all time. It has been translated into more languages than any other book. However, the Bible is also controversial. For one thing it claims that God inspired its writing. An example of such a claim is:

“All scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness”(2 Timothy 3:16).

The question I had when faced with such a claim was, how could I know whether it was true or not? For one thing, how can I know that God exists? Does one have to believe in the existence of God before one looks at the Bible? After all, lots of holy books and even religious leaders make similar claims. The well-known atheist Bertrand Russell surveyed the plethora of religions, most making claims and statements contradicting each other, yet all claiming some Divine origin and concluded that all religions were false. Was Russell right? Or is there some evidence that the Bible has to validate its claim? Or does one choose whether to believe a scripture or not solely based on culture and upbringing, or on some whim and fancy?

The Bible`s Test for God & Proof of Inspiration

As I struggled with these questions, I came across a test that the Bible itself laid down to prove its inspiration and to prove God’s existence. It is the Bible’s argument and proof for the existence of God and is spelled out in the following Biblical passages.

“You may say to yourselves, ‘How can we know when a message has not been spoken by the LORD’? If what a prophet proclaims in the name of the LORD does not take place or come true, that is a message that the LORD has not spoken. That prophet has spoken presumptuously. Do not be afraid of him.” (Deuteronomy 18:21-22)

“Present your case,” says the LORD … “you idols tell us what is going to happen … declare to us the things to come, tell us what the future holds, so we may know you are gods.” (Isaiah 41:21-23)

The test that the Bible lays out is quite simple, yet clear-cut. To know if a message came from God the statements say that it should be supported by predictions of the future. The reasoning is that if God exists, He knows the future, whereas though people can make some educated guesses we can’t predict the future with consistent accuracy, and false gods know nothing about the future. Thus a message from God can be differentiated from those of people or false gods on the basis of its predictive abilities. If the messages do predict the future then they must come from God then He must exist. This is evidence that God is there and talking to us. The Bible’s argument for God’s existence is pretty straightforward.

But can we apply this proof for God’s existence? I was acutely aware that predictive prophecy was subject to interpretation, especially if the predictive statements were vague. After all, New Years’ tabloids usually have headlines from some ‘psychic’ who predicts that there will be a disaster or turmoil in the course of the coming year. Such general predictions are bound to happen statistically. Were there prophecies in the Bible that were really substantive and precise? That gave a real sign of Divine inspiration? Let me share with you what I have learned on this topic.

Basic Facts of the Bible

In order to assess this evidence one needs to know some basic facts about the Bible. The Bible has two main sections, the Old Testament, comprised of 39 books written in the period 1500 BC to 400 BC, by a wide variety of authors. The following short video of a public presentation I did at a university will give you a quick but adequate background on the authorship of the Old Testament.

The New Testament comprised of 27 books written between 50 AD and 90 AD. To get basic background information on the textual reliability of the New Testament, see the following 17 minute video from another presentation at another university and/or browse this article here.

The New Testament centers on the person and work of Jesus Christ. What is fascinating is that he claimed that the Old Testament also anticipated his person and work. For example, on one occasion Luke tells us of Jesus that

“beginning with Moses and all the Prophets [i.e. the Old Testament] he explained to them what was said in all the Scriptures concerning himself” (Luke 24:27).

This, if true, should include these predictive prophecies since Moses (ca 1500 BC) and the Prophets (ca 1000 – 500 BC) were written hundreds of years before Jesus walked the earth. What kind of predictions did they make? Were they vague and subjective? Or definitive? Let’s take a look at the evidence.

Isaiah Prophecies of the Servant

See, my servant will act wisely; he will be raised and lifted up and highly exalted. Just as there were many who were appalled at him – his appearance was so disfigured beyond that of any man and his form marred beyond human likeness – so he will sprinkle [i.e. help or heal] many nations. Isaiah 52:13-15 (written 750 BC)

This passage is explicitly forward-looking (with the ‘will’ as in future tense) and thus predicts a coming ‘servant’ who will be known for being wise. The passage seems to contradict itself, however, since it says he will be highly exalted and lifted up – then it talks about him becoming disfigured and marred beyond recognition – so that all ‘nations’ will be affected. The controversy of the violence and blood in Mel Gibson’s The Passion movie shows us visually how this prophecy was fulfilled. Jesus was known as a wise teacher, and he is exalted by many. Yet the beatings and punishment he received at his death was so appalling and disfiguring that his form was literally marred beyond human likeness. People in all nations have recognized him. That prophecy was literally fulfilled by Jesus in all its facets. See this article here for a more detailed breakdown of this prediction.

Isaiah prophecy of Jesus crucifixion and resurrection

But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him and by his wounds we are healed .. the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed and afflicted .. he was led like a lamb to the slaughter .. by oppression and judgment he was taken away. And who can speak of his descendants? For he was cut off from the land of the living. For the transgression of my people he was stricken .. After the suffering of his soul he will see the light of life and be satisfied. By his knowledge my righteous servant will justify many. (Isaiah 53: 5-11)

This continues on from the previous passage to describe the servant as being pierced for our transgressions. What an apt description of a person who is being nailed to a cross – he is being pierced. But this was written before crucifixion was even invented! The rest of the passage goes on to state that he was bearing our iniquities (sins) so that we can experience peace and healing in our relationship with God; that he would afterwards see the light of life and justify many. The Good News of the early Gospel followers was exactly that: God is extending us his forgiveness since Jesus bore the penalty of our sins (through his death) and since he was resurrected we now have the hope of eternal life. Isaiah is anticipating not only the historical events around Jesus (his suffering, crucifixion & resurrection) but the implications of these events in our relationship with God.

The Prophecy of the Crucifixion in the Psalms

My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?… I am … scorned by men and despised by the people. All who see me mock me; they hurl insults, shaking their heads. … I am poured out like water, and all my bones are out of joint. My heart has turned to wax; it has melted away within me… a band of evil men has encircled me, they have pierced my hands and my feet…I can count all my bones; people stare and gloat over me .. They divide my garments among them and cast lots for my clothing. .. All the ends of the earth will remember… Posterity will serve him; future generations will be told about the Lord. They will proclaim his righteousness to a people yet unborn. (Psalm 22, ca 1000 BC)

Jesus, while on the cross did call out “My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?”(5). In doing so Jesus was pointing to Psalm 22 which opens with the same words. As one reads that Psalm, the highlights of which I have produced, one gets a description of the crucifixion of Jesus, in first person, including the mocking and insults he received, the dislocating of the joints, the piercing of hands and feet, the dividing of garments. How was David, the author of Psalm 22, able to get such an accurate visualization of the crucifixion 1000 years before it occurred? And notice how the Psalm ends. It describes the legacy or effect of this person. It says that generations following the crucifixion will be told about it. And here we are about 2000 years after the crucifixion studying aspects of it – just as David predicted. For a further breakdown of Psalm 22 see this article here.

The Prophecy of lineage

“’The days are coming’, declares the LORD, ‘when I will fulfill the gracious promise I made to the house of Israel and the house of Judah. In those days and at that time I will make a righteous Branch sprout from David’s line; he will do what is just and right in the land. Jeremiah 33:14-15 ca. 600 BC

Note that this prophecy predicts that someone will come from David’s line (David was the famous Jewish King who defeated Goliath and founded the city of Jerusalem ca 1000 BC – see historical overview here), and this person would be just and right. This prediction was fulfilled by Jesus Christ who was a descendant of David as well as a person who is famous for being ‘just and right’. The lineages were meticulously preserved in that ancient Middle Eastern culture, and both Matthew (ch 1) and Luke (ch 3) trace Jesus’ lineage to his ancestor King David. For Jewish verification of Jesus’ lineage outside of the Bible see my article here.

The name of Jesus Prophesied!

Listen O High Priest Joshua and your associates seated before you, who are men symbolic of things to come: I am going to bring my servant the Branch. See the stone I have set in front of Joshua! … and I will remove the sin of this land in a single day. Zechariah 3:8-9 written 500 BC

Zechariah picks up from Jeremiah and predicts more about the coming Branch of David. It is interesting that Joshua (who was the person in 500 BC to whom Zechariah was directly speaking) is a variant of the name Yeshua, which was Jesus name in Aramaic. In other words Jesus and Joshua are variants of the same name (like John and Jonathan are variants of each other – see here for further explanation). And Zechariah says that the Joshua of his day was symbolic of the Branch, and this Branch would remove the sin of the land in one single day. The day Jesus (Yeshua) died he did so for the sins of all people. So literally, in a single day the sins of the land were removed. In a sense, Jesus’ name and victory over sin were predicted 500 years before he lived. This article here explores this prophecy in further detail.

Birthplace of Jesus prophesied

“But you, Bethlehem, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from of old, from ancient times.” Micah 5:2 written 700 BC

This prediction has of today been partially fulfilled. Jesus was born in Bethlehem (as the Christmas accounts tell us), but he has never yet ruled over Israel. It is interesting though that he claimed to be a King (‘Christ’ is a title signifying kingship). For example, he declared, “When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, he will sit on his throne in heavenly glory”(Matthew 25:31). This indicates that he taught that he would return again to earth – this time to rule, which would thus fulfill both parts of Micah’s prophecy. At this point at least we have the fulfillment of his birth place.

Explanations for the prophecies

In this short study we’ve had time to look at just a few predictions in the Old Testament that seem to be fulfilled in the person and life of Jesus Christ. What are some possible explanations? It could just be coincidence. If it were just these few prophecies we looked at then that could perhaps be contemplated. Sometimes bizarre and unusual coincidences just happen. But when we consider that there are several hundred direct and indirect prophecies and allusions in the Old Testament that are completed in Jesus, of which we have looked at just a few, it would seem that coincidence is a poor explanation for such a large and converging set of predictions. And people who did not know each other, living hundreds of years apart wrote these prophecies. In our little sample we looked at Psalm 22 written by David ca 1000 BC down to Zechariah who lived about 500 BC. Yet their writings independently converge on Jesus.

The most likely explanation that I considered was that the Old Testament writings were changed after the life of Jesus to make them ‘fit’. However, the Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls ruled that explanation out. The Dead Sea Scrolls, discovered in 1948, contain almost the entire Old Testament, they are dated at 200 B.C, and they are exactly the same as traditional Old Testament texts. Thus we have manuscripts in hand today that pre-date Jesus by about 200 years, containing the same predictions, so they could not have been altered after his life to make the predictions fit his life. For further information on the Dead Sea Scrolls and how they relate to this question see my short video on this topic:

Or perhaps the life of Jesus was written in the Gospels of the New Testament to make it ‘fit’ the Old Testament prophecies. The problem with that explanation is that so many of the predictions and fulfillments revolve around public aspects of Jesus life. Take the first prophecies we looked at, for example, which foretell his passion and crucifixion. The Gospel writers could not just ‘make up’ a highly public event. In fact secular writers of that time refer of Jesus being crucified under Pontius Pilate (ex. Tacitus. 112 AD. Annals XV 44 & Josephus. 67AD. Antiquities xviii. 33 ). You can check here the Session or the article here that explores these secular writers that refer to events of Jesus’ life in their historical writings. Early Christian writers refer to Pilate’s records of the crucifixion kept in Caesar’s official archives (Justin Martyr 150 AD First Apology ch xxxv). It was as if it was common knowledge of that day.

Or perhaps the New testament was gradually modified over time to make it better ‘fit’ the predictions of the Old Testament as scribes started to understand more what was supposed to happen with Jesus’ life. But again, the remarkable stability of the New Testament text precludes this explanation.

So who was behind the writings of the Bible? Was it only men, or was it that, as the Bible itself says, “… [it] never had its origin in the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit” (2 Peter 1:21). The fulfilled prophecies should give us pause because no other set of writings, holy or otherwise, has this same kind of signature on it. At the very least, this short study should encourage us to study this question more thoroughly so that we can be informed of the case for Biblical Inspiration and the existence of God. If you go to the Allusions Session and the Prequeled Sequel nature of the Gospel, you will have access to some videos and blog posts that explore this vital question more in depth. I hope you take the time to find out, because the question is an important one.

18 thoughts on “The Bible: Inspired by God or thought up by men?”

There is no God ,and there has never been a God.
There is something called Mother nature.
If you believe in fairy tales read the Bible .
Every one knows that the bible is transfered by word of mouth from one person to another. Therefore things are added,and things are missed out. Everyone says that they are going to heaven, and look up into the sky. Not one astonaut saw any people when they went up to the moon. Do not believe in Myths,

Hi Arthur
THanks for taking the time to leave a comment. I can appreciate the point-of-view you are expressing (“There is no God…”) but you should know that the reason you give (“Everyone knows that the bible is transferred by word of mouth from one person to another…”) is totally false. In fact, it is quite well-known (even among skeptics) that the Bible (New Testament in particular) was written down in the first century. And we have manuscript copies on-hand today that date from just a few decades after that. I encourage you to become informed at an intro level in my article

Now showing that the Bible has not had things added and taken out does not prove that there is a God. So you still may be correct in your beliefs, but it does not hurt to investigate because, who knows, maybe the other reasons you have will will turn out to be like this reason you had.

Hi there, Good questions. Sorry for late reply. Writing emerges at beginning of civilization. Ancient Babylonian cuneiform tablets exist that are older than Egyptian hieroglyphics. By ‘those prophets’ do you mean authors of Old Testament? They were Israelites. Some were descendants of Judah, others were descendants from other of the 12 tribles of Israel. Some resided in Egypt for a while (ex Moses and Jeremiah). THe reality is there was quite a diverstiy amongst the Bible authors, but all were descended from Israel except Job

Isn’t believing that a lot of the things the Bible claims to come from the mouth of God a huge disrespect to the real God? For example, consider some of the things that the Bible claims God said. Consider all the things God allegedly claims to be capital offenses, and that the Bible God typically prescribes stoning for. Are we actually to believe that such an ogre is the universal exemplar of morality? Doesn’t it make a lot more sense to realize these things were actually written by bigoted, racist, sexist men?

Consider slavery. Instead of simply pronouncing that slavery is wrong, the God of the Bible gives the ancient Hebrews a primer on how to run their slave trade (see Exodus 21 and Leviticus 25)! This is the real God? Just think of the possible consequences to human history if the Ten Commandments had contained the commandment, “Thou shalt not have slaves.”

The point of the article is to show that foretelling is there and at a very high level. How do you explain that? It speaks of a Mind that is not limited by time like we are. That notwithstanding, there are many things in the Bible we do not readily understand.
You have implicitly assumed that his Law was as lofty an ethic as he could come up with. Perhaps what held him back was the readiness of the people who were actually supposed to live the Law. When a Grade 1 teacher carefully goes over 1 + 2 = 3 to her class, it is not her knowledge that is the limiting factor, it is the level of the students. The teacher needs to start her lesson right where the students are at, not where she is at. Perhaps the Law is so low because God had to make allowances for how backwards these people really were. And there is actual legal precedence for this. When the Pharisees asked Jesus about whether divorce was permitted or not we see the following exchange:
4″Haven’t you read,” he replied, “that at the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female,’ 5and said, ‘For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh’? 6So they are no longer two, but one. Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate.”
7″Why then,” they asked, “did Moses command that a man give his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away?”
8Jesus replied, “Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because your hearts were hard. But it was not this way from the beginning. 9I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, and marries another woman commits adultery.”
10The disciples said to him, “If this is the situation between a husband and wife, it is better not to marry.”
11Jesus replied, “Not everyone can accept this word, but only those to whom it has been given.
Here we get an insight into God’s dilemma when he crafted the Law for Moses 3500 years ago. Jesus’ affirms that it was God’s intention ‘from the beginning’ that it would be marriage for life. That was His Plan A. But there was a problem. The reality is it is now a Plan B (or C) world. It was not the Law, but it was that their heart’s that were hard. Imagine if God had said back then that the only way to legislate marriage was ‘until death do us part’ because this was His lofty ethic. With people’s hearts being ‘hard’, and if they really wanted out, then they could ‘arrange’ that death would (accidentally!) come to part their spouse from them. In fact, this is a problem in India today, where unwanted brides are burned alive in ‘cooking accidents’ with kerosene. In this environment, the lesser of two evils was to allow for divorce. It was a concession. But note, again because of their hearts, that the teachers misconstrued this as a ‘command’. But Jesus clarifies that it is not a ‘command’ but it is ‘permitted’. He puts a floor on the ethic so it is controlled and will not go lower. It is not a ceiling, not permitting it to advance higher. And, in our world today, with divorce becoming quite common, it is perhaps good of God to allow for us who are living in a Plan B world. It would make it difficult for a lot of people today if only non-divorcees were allowed to enter a church.
Now if this is true of this particular ethic, with which we have some familiarity, it is possible that he may have had to use this same principle in other areas where you and I are not so familiar. Slavery was common around the world then. In fact it operated in a lot of ways like the employer-employee relationship that exists today. If God had said, “No Slavery” perhaps it would not have worked. So instead, he limits the excessive abuses of slavery in the Law, putting a floor on the practice.
So, all this to say that perhaps the Law was to start the Israelites on a tutoring process. They would learn to live under law instead of the whim of the strongest ruler, the Law would mitigate Plan B social practices, and with reflection, example and a willingness of heart to learn from the LORD, they would be able to develop. That seems to be the intent when we read the following:
11 Now what I am commanding you today is not too difficult for you or beyond your reach. 12 It is not up in heaven, so that you have to ask, “Who will ascend into heaven to get it and proclaim it to us so we may obey it?” 13 Nor is it beyond the sea… 14 No, the word is very near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart so you may obey it. (Deuteronomy 30:11-14)
In giving the Law, God had to thread the needle. He had to start where they were at, otherwise no one would be able to follow it. He had to contextualize it for their situation and readiness. He also had to make it progressive enough that they could grow in it. He had to make it hard enough so that they would realize their sinfulness. In other words, it had to have that X-ray capability. Finally, it was to act as a lighthouse to the surrounding countries so that they would be drawn to it. Thus it had to be contextual for them as well. If the Israelites followed the Law the result would be a permeating influence on the neighbouring countries

I do believe there’s creator but I seems God did not hear my prayers.He knows I had no where to run.I keep on calling God are you there?There’s no answer.I really don’t know His nature because He is the mighty God.

Hang in there Candelaria, Hashem hears every word you speak, every thought you think and even puts your tears in His bottle Psalm 56:7-9 He always rewards those who diligently Him. Have you committed your life to Him as a believer? Go for it He is life!
Michael

This is just a way for the religion to indoctrinate its believers.
I can use the same arguement for nearly any other religion.
You don’t know the truth! Commit your life to Zeus and he will save you! Do you see my point?

I think God didn’t hear your prayer because there’s a barrier within our connection with God and that barrier is sin. satan want us to be seperated to God so that satan make different situation to us to separated with God.

). An astrophysics prof, Dr. Josh Ridley, and I presented this last week at Murray State University.

One of my favorite quotes in our presentation was made by famed British astronomer, Sir Fred Hoyle: “A common sense interpretation of the facts suggests that a superintellect has monkeyed with physics, as well as with chemistry and biology, and that there are no blind forces worth speaking about in nature.” What’s still surprising to me is the number of people who seem to believe science and scholarship debunks belief in God. Such people show tremendous lack of knowledge of the numerous scientists and scholars of the past and modern-day, who have expressed a belief in God, e.g. Charles Townes, Nobel Laureate for inventing the laser; Francis Collins who led the human genome project; and Jim Tour, esteemed chemistry prof at Rice University.

Roman 1 clearly shows that that we are “wired” to know the existence of God or a ‘Grand’creator,even for those that profess otherwise. Its in the looking at the stars at night,in the majestic flight of the eagle,in the tickling of the water,seated alone on the banks of a stream. The orderly fashion in which all things exist. Even science has failed to explain how such orderliness came into existence.Science discovers itself and what we know in science stems from what we have discovered through science. It cannot get past the hurdle of the first pre-assumption on which the whole of science is based. Whatever this pre-assumption ,wait for it,is an unknown. I would like to summarize it in the following scripture from Romans 1.

18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness;
19 Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them.6 Acts 14:17; 20 For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse:7 Ps 19:1;
What were the sins of the gentiles
21 Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Deut 28:28; 22 Professing themselves to be wise, they became fools, 23 And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things. 2Kgs 17:29;

God lives whether we believe it or not, He will continue to be God whether we like it or not . He is a majestic ,powerful being whether we have seen Him or not . He is mysterious in His ways and faithful in His love whether we receive it or reject it . He does His will whether death ,or life ,or tragedy or happiness and no matter how hard we try He will never ever change . Answer me this , where was God when Adam sinned were His eyes closed ? Was He asleep ? Nope He was right there on His throne . Where was He when Stephen His servant was stoned ? On His throne. Where was He when His son was crucified? Give it a guess. Now you know that His will ,will not change . Choose Christ today let Him show you He exists . For all happens for good to all that love the Lord.