Hassan Rouhani waves to the crowd while giving a speech during a visit to Isfahan. Photograph: -/AFP/Getty Images

Iran’s president Hassan Rouhani has berated the world’s nuclear powers, saying atomic weapons have not kept them safe and reiterating that his country is not seeking the bomb.

Rouhani, in an unusually fiery speech, avoided explicit mention of ongoing nuclear talks between the west and Iran, but accused atomic-armed states of hypocrisy.

“They tell us: ‘We don’t want Iran to make atomic bombs’, you who have made atomic bombs,” Rouhani said in Isfahan on Wednesday, a city 400km (250 miles) south of the capital, Tehran.

He then took aim at Israel, which has never acknowledged that it has nuclear weapons, dubbing the state a “criminal”.

“Have you managed to bring about security for yourselves with atomic bombs? Have you managed to create security for the usurper Israel?” Rouhani said.

“We don’t need an atomic bomb. We have a great, self-sacrificing and unified nation,” he said, referring to Monday’s launch of an observation satellite into space by Iran.

“Despite pressures and sanctions, this nation sent a new satellite into space,” added Rouhani, who personally ordered the launch – Iran’s first since 2012.

In another barb, Rouhani criticised the United States’ healthcare provision.

“You didn’t manage to cover all your people for insurance ... but my government, which serves the people, has covered everyone for insurance,” he said.

“You, in America didn’t manage to resolve the health problem.”

US President Barack Obama’s landmark healthcare reform provides medical insurance for millions who previously lacked it, but its implementation was dogged by glitches and his Republican opponents still seek to repeal the law.

Iran is in negotiations with the P5+1 powers – Britain, China, France, Russia and the United States, plus Germany – aimed at a deal to resolve a long-running dispute over its nuclear programme.