The Russian Monetary System from the Kievan Empire to 1897

The development of the Russian monetary system up to the rouble of today is a long story. It begins with the emergence of the very idea of money during the pre-Mongolian Kievan period (10th–13th centuries), the Mongolian period, and the Muscovite period (13th–17th century), continues through Peter the Great’s currency reform, the introduction of paper money and the Russian monetary system in the second half of the 18th century, and ends with the consequences of all that in the 19th century.