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Definition

Causes

PML is caused by a specific papovavirus, known as JC virus. Many people get this infection in childhood. It produces no illness and generally does not infect the nervous system. It reactivates later in life in people who have suppressed immune systems.
The virus damages oligodendrocytes, the cells in the central nervous system (CNS) which produce myelin, the material that wraps around nerves. This impairs nerve function.

Risk Factors

PML is most common in people with suppressed immune systems. Suppressed immune systems may be the result of:

Treatment

Treatment focuses on strategies to improve the immune system. If you have HIV, your doctor will most likely prescribe antiretroviral medications to treat this condition. If PML has resulted from the drug natalizumab, your doctor will have you stop taking this drug and may recommend a
plasma exchange
to remove the drug from your blood system.

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent exposure to the JC virus. If you have a suppressed immune system, get treatment to minimize your risk.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.