1. A Judenrat (Jewish Council) was formed in Pruzhany in mid-July, 1941,
consisting eventually of 24 members. (Pinkas Pruzhany, Tel Aviv, 1983,
p.92).

2. Yitzhak Janowicz was head of the Pruzhany Judenrat. Pinkas Pruzhany,
p.339.

3. Zavel Siegel is mentioned in Pinkas Pruzhany, p.378 as a spokesman.

4. Dr. Olia (Olga) Goldfein, born in Pruzhany in 1889, received her
medical training in Geneva in 1913, after being excluded from Russian medical
schools by the numerous clausus (quota). She served in a Moscow hospital
during World War I and then returned to Pruzhany, where she established
a flourishing medical practice among Jews and
Christians. Under Russian
occupation in World War II she was appointed director of the city hospital.
She and her husband were on the first transport to Auschwitz from Pruzhany.
She escaped from the train at Linovo, nearby, and made her way back to
Pruzhany in spite of a head wound caused by a German rifle butt. Dr. Goldfein
sought refuge in the convent at Pruzhany and was warmly received by Sister
Dolorosa, whom she had once cured of a serious illness. The Mother Superior,
however, ordered her to leave the convent.

Dressed as a nun, accompanied by Sister Dolorosa, Dr. Goldfein reached
Sister Dolorosa's home in a faraway village, where she worked as a nurse
for the duration of the war. After liberation by the Red Army the women
returned to Pruzhany, where Sister Dolorosa was expelled from the convent.
They then went to Lodz, where Sister Dolorosa settled. Dr. Goldfein became
a medical officer in Marshall Zhukhov's army. After the war she was reunited
with her daughter in France, and eventually settled in Israel where she
worked as a doctor for Kupat Holim. She died in 1964. Sister Dolorosa was
honoured by Yad Vashem as a Righteous Gentile. (Pinkas Pruzhany, pp.59-62,
and Ehrenburg. Ilya and Vasily Grossman, The Black Book, N.Y.: Holocaust
Library, 1981, pp.206-212).

5. See Trunk, Isaiah, Judenrat, N.Y., Macmillan, 1972, p.170 for a description
of this hospital: "A group of dedicated doctors and nurses worked
miracles ..."

6. In the Pruzhany ghetto the population density reached unusual proportions,
with 2 square meters per person, after 4500 Jews from Bialystock were forced
to move in. Trunk, Judenrat, p.126.

7. This massacre is described in Pinkas Pruzhany, pp.151-153. It took
place at the end of July, 1942.

8. Trunk, Judenrat, p.465-466.

9. Trunk, Judenrat, p.462.

10. Pinkas Pruzhany, p.380. They were going to the railroad station
at Linovo.