Tuesday, December 30, 2014

Human Rights – All
Humans’ Righteous Battle

In a perfect world, the comprehensive range of human rights
would be a universal standard with widespread acceptance. However, in today’s imperfect
global society, compliance with human rights norms must be championed, monitored,
protected, refined and adjudicated every day in generally recognized autocratic
states as well as democratic ones.

Throughout modern history, societies have attempted to define
human rights principles, which were meant to guide humans’ relationships with
their peers – individually and collectively. Among these documents have been
the Magna Carta (1215), the US Bill of Rights (1791), the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights (1948), and the Final Act of the Helsinki Accords (1975).

The periodic re-publication, refinement, reemphasis and
expansion of accepted human rights values does not indicate a flawed original
attempt at delineating human rights but rather demonstrates mankind’s evolution,
the appearance of new needs, as well as continuing violations of human rights.

“Whereas, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the
equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the
foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,” states the Preamble of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Human rights principles not only dictate mankind’s
one-on-one conduct with other humans as well as governments’ conduct with their
citizens, but they also serve as a reminder of the horrors mankind has
perpetrated against its fellow humans. In recent history, the fight for human
rights was a direct reaction against horrible crimes such as the Holodomor murder
of Ukrainians by Russia and the Holocaust killings of Jews by Nazis while the battle
for those principles continues to be an endless universal endeavor.

Over time human rights have been expanded to include
concepts such as national, religious, cultural, academic and civil rights.

Karel Vasak, initial contributor to the drafting of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and former legal advisor to UNESCO,
alluded to the expanding notion of human rights by noting: “Since 1948 we have
drawn up other human rights, we haven’t just stayed in 1948, there are other
human rights, the right to development, the right to the environment, the right
to peace and the right to humanitarian assistance.”

Indeed, promoting human rights also means defending the
right to think differently, the rights of women, the right to peace, security, health,
education, media, Internet, untainted ecology and gender. This unexhausted list
dovetails aptly with President Roosevelt’s vision of four freedoms: freedom of
speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want and freedom from fear –
including the fear of being invaded by a neighboring superpower or being shot intentionally
or unintentionally by a police officer, and freedom from unwarranted arrest, kidnapping and imprisonment as happened with Nadiya Savchenko.Roosevelt’s words inspired Ukrainian
Americans to establish in 1946 the Organization for the Defense of Four Freedom
for Ukraine to explain to Americans the battle for independence being waged by
Ukrainians in Ukraine and the Diaspora.

Adherence to human rights creates a level playing field for
everyone to enjoy a life of dignity and rights. “The approach bolsters
accountability by clarifying the duties and responsibilities of governments,
donor countries and non-governmental organizations regarding action taken or
committed,” observed Navanethem Pillay, former UN high Commissioner for Human
Rights. She also said several international human rights instruments even categorize
health as a human right that must be pursued in tandem with all other human
rights.

Kenneth Roth, a former federal prosecutor and executive
director of Human Rights Watch, updated this observation in his comment in the
December 28 edition of The New York Times by saying, “Treaties are effective
even when courts are too weak to enforce them because they codify a public’s
views about how its government should behave. Local rights groups, working with
their international partners like Human Rights Watch, are able to generate
pressure to respect these treaties by contrasting a government’s treaty
commitments with any practices that fall short. The shame generated can be a powerful
inducement to change.”

Arguing against needless attention to human rights, some
have said that they cannot be precisely sculpted in the human mind or legal
statutes. Despite this mistaken observation, they are recognizable. To
paraphrase US Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart’s observation
about obscenity in 1964, we all know what human rights are when we see, hear, speak,
abuse or defend them.

The backbone of the fight for human rights is civil society
or non-governmental organizations. Simone Veil, former Minister of State of
France, pointed out in a speech at the 61st Annual UN DPI/NGO Conference that
“NGOs have a vocation to focus attention upon those whose rights are
insufficiently protected. Because of their diversity, because of their
independence, it is easier for them to defend different points of view,
different interests even when those points of view are contradictory.”

Indeed, before the collapse of the Soviet Union, rights
activists in Ukraine, Russia and elsewhere took advantage of the tenets of the
Final Act of the Helsinki Accords to raise their fight for freedom to a global legal
level.

Apart from international human rights covenants, the
practical guarantor of the entire range of rights that men and women should
enjoy is the national government. However, when citizens and civil society give
up on their governments and cease making their voices heard, democracy and
human rights are sacrificed for the benefit of the ruling elite. Semper
vigilant is the all-important watchword.

Some governments, even those that preach human rights, have unfortunately
violated them but the righteous ones endeavor to correct their transgressions. At
least they encourage an uninhibited public discussion of the wrongdoings that
condemn or exonerate the participants.

To reach the highest level of human rights acceptance,
society should engage in a lifelong educational process that must begin with
the youngest of its members in the earliest years of education. It has been
said that this form of human rights inculcation will fulfill humanity’s
aspiration to attain universal human rights compliance.