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APPLICATION OF MODERN FORMWORK SYSTEMS IN ETHIOPIAhttp://etd.aau.edu.et:80/dspace/handle/123456789/4887
Title: APPLICATION OF MODERN FORMWORK SYSTEMS IN ETHIOPIA
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<br/>Authors: Argaw, Tarekegn
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<br/>Abstract: The quality of resulting concrete can be dictated by the quality of formwork materials and
workmanship. Many concrete related problems such as discoloration, stains, and dusting are
attributed to concrete formwork. Formwork operations are also risky and workers are exposed
to unsafe working conditions. Moreover traditional formwork construction has negative
impact on the environment. The objectives of this research are to assess the current practices
of formwork construction in Ethiopia and identify problems such as loss of productivity, delay
of projects, safety problems and environmental effects. Recommendations of modern
formwork systems which alleviate such problems are also the objective of this thesis.
The study was conducted by taking formwork systems of the famous formwork producing and
renting company, PERI Germany, as the case study. Almost all the products of the company
were studied through desk study. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted among
contractors in Addis Ababa to get relevant data which helps to achieve the objectives of this
thesis. Formwork rental companies and regulatory bodies in Addis Ababa were also
interviewed.
The results of the research show that alternative formwork materials are not well known and
used in Ethiopian construction industry. Steel panels and timber are the prominent formwork
materials. The use of modern formwork systems will increase the local labor productivity to
ten times the traditional one. About 60% of the total time will be saved if new construction
systems are adopted by construction firms in Ethiopia. Formwork construction practice in
Ethiopia is not safe and environmentally friendly. Seventy nine percent of the respondents
have recent record of injury and death which emanates from formwork construction. Finally,
modern formworks such as MULTIFLEX, TRIO, QUATTRO and UZ are assessed and
recommended for major construction projects in Ethiopia.Assessment of Conditions of Contract Problems in Ethiopian Construction Industryhttp://etd.aau.edu.et:80/dspace/handle/123456789/4868
Title: Assessment of Conditions of Contract Problems in Ethiopian Construction Industry
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<br/>Authors: GETANEH, GEZAHEGNE
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<br/>Abstract: Construction industry is a major player in economy of any countries by generating employment
and wealth to the nations through its forward and backward linkages with other sectors. However
many projects in developing countries experienced extremely high cost overrun, time slippage and
low quality. Problems of conditions of contract in the construction sector is one of the contributing
factor among other things. As a result domestic construction management and contract
administration practices lack the necessary quality to meet its standards.
In this respect, this study tries to identify shortfalls of the local construction conditions of contract
in Ethiopia and to find out provisions that have negative implication for the development of the
sector. The research focuses on provisions related to Engineer’s power, duty and responsibility;
price adjustment; termination; claim substantiation and dispute settlement procedures; conformity
of selected clauses with Ethiopian law; understandability of contract forms and the practice of
construction management in general and contract administration in particular.
The data collection method integrated questionnaire survey, interview and desk study. Samples for
the study have been randomly selected from a clustered group of public employers, domestic
consultants, and domestic contractors who are actively participating on construction works. In this
thesis, a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis method has been used. Interpretation and
discussions were made on the basis of results from the analysis.
The study covered some selected contract provisions that have an implication to deprive the
development of the construction sector. Accordingly the research comes up with the following
conclusions. To begin with the price adjustment clauses are not sufficient to compensate the
current soaring prices. Besides, termination is not exercised as per the contract provisions where as
claim substantiation and dispute resolution lack a balance of risk favoring the employer in most
cases. In addition, another finding reveal that the civil procedure code Art. 315(2) hinders
arbitration practices for administrative contracts. Some concepts such as experienced contractor
need to be expressed in a more clear and concise manner to reduce subjectivity. Furthermore, local
contract forms lack suitability to manage construction projects efficiently. The research finally
concludes that performance of the local construction sector, construction management and contract
administration practices do not meet the standards as stipulated in contract provisions. This study
further provides recommendations on how to improve the existing prevailing situations of the local
construction sector in general and construction management practices in particular.PERFORMANCE STUDY OF LOWEST BIDDER BID AWARDING SYSTEM IN PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION PROJECTShttp://etd.aau.edu.et:80/dspace/handle/123456789/4608
Title: PERFORMANCE STUDY OF LOWEST BIDDER BID AWARDING SYSTEM IN PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
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<br/>Authors: Laychluh, Mechegiaw
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<br/>Abstract: Ethiopian construction industry participants have long recognized that accepting the lowest price
bid does not guarantee maximum value. Achieving a value-based procurement approach is a
challenge, particularly for the Ethiopian public sector clients who are limited in their ability to
evaluate the competitive bids based solely on the low-bid award system. In the current economic
climate it is increasingly likely that construction organizations will submit abnormally low
tenders to win new work. Persisting problems of inferior quality of constructed facilities, high
incidence of claims and litigation, and frequent cost and schedule overruns have become the
main features of Ethiopian public construction works contracts.
This research was undertaken to assess the performance of public owned construction projects
awarded on a least bidder bid awarding system and to seek construction professionals’ opinions
about the current traditional bidding procedure and other alternative systems for evaluation of
bids and awarding contracts.
An extensive literature search was carried out to identify different practices, a questionnaire
survey was conducted among the different groups that make up the construction industry in
Ethiopia, and projects data were collected from selected federal government clients and
consultants administering public construction works.
A number of alternative bid evaluation and contract award procedures are presented and
discussed in this research; some of these alternatives are in use in other countries and industries,
and some are emerging. Federal government regulations are reviewed to examine the objectives
and intent of the law on this issue.
The research showed that least responsive bid evaluation and contract award procedure
(awarding contracts to the contractor who offers the least price) have been the main method of
awarding public constructions works contract. Only in rare situations other factors, basically the
contractors past record on projects owned by that particular public client, has been taken in to
account in awarding contracts. Competitive low bid method has been highly criticized for its negative impact on disputes/claims, coordination, quality control and project duration. Most of
the projects have been suffering in material and equipment shortages. Manpower shortage was
also encountered in many projects. On the other hand, other alternative bidding procedures
included in the study were highly appreciated by respondents for their positive effects on these
attributes. Particularly, the researcher shared the idea of adopting the average bid method of
awarding contracts among responsive bidders which are supported by many construction
professionals included in the study.STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT FOR PUBLIC WORKS IN ETHIOPIAhttp://etd.aau.edu.et:80/dspace/handle/123456789/4593
Title: STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT FOR PUBLIC WORKS IN ETHIOPIA
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<br/>Authors: KASIEM, SEID
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<br/>Abstract: Construction industry in developing countries is reported to be insufficiently developed to
meet the national development objectives and demands. Literatures show that construction
projects are often subjected to long delays and increased costs. In these countries, the
public sector is the main employer of the sector and most formally constituted contractors
and consultants rely on the public sector for work. From the many other inter-related
problems, use of inappropriate and inequitable contract conditions is one of the problems of
the industry for lack of any appreciable development.
The objective of this study is to identify drawbacks and shortcomings of the local
construction conditions of contract adopted for public works in Ethiopia and to find out
provisions that have negative implication for the development of the sector. The study
focuses on provisions related to finance, risk allocation, claim substantiation & dispute
settlement procedures, and the practice of contract administration.
Questionnaire and interview survey together with desk study provide the main strategy for
data collection methods. Samples for the study have been randomly selected from public
employers, domestic consultants, and domestic contractors who are actively participating
on public construction works. In this thesis, a descriptive statistical method has been used
for the analysis of the data that provides a general overview of the results in that some kind
of interpretations and discussions are made on the results.
The study has determined the potential contract provisions that hinder the development of
the sector and the findings of the study reveal that: the financial provisions adopted for
public works are not suitable and need much further improvement; the risk allocation
between public employers and domestic contractors need to address price escalation and
unforeseeable shortage of materials fairly; the claim substantiation & dispute settlement
procedure should adopt modern methods and practices; and contract administration
practices & attitudes should be improved. This study further provides recommendations on
how to improve the existing situations.