Three mistakes are currendy and almost without discussion ¡ntroduced by many classical scholars in their reading of the bucolic poetry o f Theocritus: confusión between pastoral and bucolic poetry, classification o f his bucolic poetry as realistic, and the statement o f its typical irony. This paper examines main contributions o f the last thirty or forty years in which scholars belonging to different European and American schools make unreflected use of these three common places, and proposes a serial of theses in order to return to a reading of Theocritus bucolic-texts without the burden of the accumulated prejudices and errors.