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Christian Egenolff (26 July 1502 - 9 February 1555)[1], also known as Christian Egenolff, the Elder, was the first important printer and publisher operating from Frankfurt-am-Main, and best-known for his Kräuterbuch and re-issue of books by Adam Ries, Erasmus von Rotterdam and Ulrich von Hutten.

Egenolff studied humanities at the University of Mainz from 1516, but later took up the trade of bookprinting in Strasbourg, working for Wolfgang Küpfel and marrying Margarethe Karpf. He left Strasbourg in 1530 and started business as a typecaster, printer, and publisher in Frankfurt-am-Main. Over the next 25 years he published more than 400 books, often illustrated by the Nuremberg artists Hans Sebald Beham and Virgil Solis. Egenolff also worked with Jacques Sabon in developing new fonts.

In October 1533 Christian Egenolff was sued by Johann Schott, a noted Strasbourg publisher, for infringement of copyright on Herbarium Vivae Icones, illustrated by Hans Weiditz and compiled and annotated by Otto Brunfels. In his defense, Egenolff argued that nature could not be copyrighted and that plants stood as communal models for any artist.[2] In 1535 he printed the German Bible and his own compilation of Chronica. In the following years Egenolff published works by prominent authors such as Hans Sachs, Johann Dryander, Sebastian Münster, Philipp Melanchthon, and Sebastian Franck.

His daughter, Magdalena Egenolff, married Adam Lonicer, who was one of Egenolff's employees. Lonicer became a director of the firm after Egenolff's death, publishing no fewer than four editions of the Kräuterbuch between 1557 and 1577. Margarethe, Egenolff's widow, carried on the business until 1572; his children continued it thereafter until 1602.