In addition to the traditional 1-butanol production by hydroformylation of gaseous propene and by fermentation of biomass, the cytochrome P450-catalyzed direct terminal oxidation of n-butane into the primary alcohol 1-butanol constitutes an alternative route to provide the high demand of this basic chemical. Moreover the use of n-butane offers an ...

Postoperative reflux remains to be a challenge for patients with achalasia undergoing Heller myotomy. Similarly, per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is gaining rapid acceptance but the impossibility of adding a fundoplication is questioned as the main pitfall to control reflux. Electrical stimulation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) has emerged as ...

In this paper, we develop a strategy to form on-demand droplets with specific pH values. The pH control is based on electrolysis of water in microfluidics, and the produced hydrogen and hydroxyl ions are separated and confined in individual containers during the droplet generation, triggered by a pressure pulse. By ...

With diamond anvil cell as a high-pressure apparatus, the in situ Raman spectra of linoleic acid from normal pressure to 1.29GPa were measured to investigate the effect of pressure on the structural changes. In the pressure ranges of 0.07-0.12GPa and 0.31-0.53GPa, the significant changes in Raman spectra show that linoleic ...

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of a hypotensive prophylactic medication in preventing intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after intravitreal injections, and the effect of occurrence of vitreous reflux on the variation of IOP.Methods: A total of 141 intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs (0.05 mL) were randomly distributed into ...

OBJECTIVES:The rumination syndrome is a behavioral disorder resulting in recurrent regurgitation of undigested food. The diagnosis of this syndrome is currently based on clinical features. We aimed to determine criteria for the rumination syndrome based on physiological measurements.METHODS:We studied patients with clinically confirmed rumination syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ...

To assess the value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for identifying the risk of hypertension (HT) in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Seventy-six children with primary VUR were enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to renal scarring (RS). Serum creatinine, urine protein, and urine creatinine were measured. ...

Despite its obvious pathophysiological relevance, the clinical utility of measures of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) contractility is unsubstantiated. High-resolution manometry (HRM) may improve upon this with its inherent ability to integrate the magnitude of contractility over time and length of the EGJ. This study aimed to develop a novel HRM metric ...

Our goal was to verify surgical factors that affect duodenogastric reflux (DGR) after esophagectomy through the use of a flow visualization model that would mimic an intrathoracic gastric tube. Transparent gastric tube models for different routes (retrosternal space [RS] and posterior mediastinum [PM]) were fabricated. Various distal pressures were applied ...

There is a high incidence of inflammation and metaplasia at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) in asymptomatic volunteers. Additionally, the majority of patients with GOJ adenocarcinomas have no history of reflux symptoms. We report the effects of waist belt and increased waist circumference (WC) on the physiology of the GOJ in ...

Detection of human norovirus (HuNoV) usually relies on molecular biology techniques, such as qRT-PCR. Since histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are the functional receptors for HuNoV, HuNoV can bind to porcine gastric mucin (PGM), which contains HBGA-like antigens. In this study, PGM-conjugated magnetic beads were used to collect and quantify potentially ...

A pressure-assisted capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed to determine the pKa values of a triptolide derivative (LLDT-246) and its impurities. The method was performed in an uncoated fused-silica capillary under the electric voltage of 18kV and 50mbar of external pressure applied simultaneously. A series of running electrolyte buffers were ...

Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) competence is the fundamental defense against reflux making it of great clinical significance. However, characterizing EGJ competence with conventional manometric methodologies has been confounded by its anatomic and physiological complexity. Recent technological advances in miniaturization and electronics have led to the development of a novel device that ...

BACKGROUND: A recent study demonstrated that reflux is associated with impaired pressure augmentation in the esophagogastric junction (EGJ), caused by diaphragmal contractions during inspiration. It is unknown whether this augmentation is influenced by opioids. Swallowing difficulties can be a poorly recognised side effect of remifentanil. Here, we investigated whether remifentanil ...

BACKGROUND: Differences in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and peristaltic function and in transient LES relaxations (TLESR) have been described in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, some of these differences may be the result of chronic GERD rather than being an underlying contributory factor. METHODS: Twins discordant for GERD ...

: The aim of this study was to compare changes in the systemic inflammation and immune response in the early postoperative (p.o.) period after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) was performed with standard-preassure and low-pressure carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. : We studied 68 patients with documented gastroesophageal reflux disease and who underwent ...

Esophagogastric junctional lesions, such as mucosal breaks with Los Angeles grade A or B reflux esophagitis, lacerations in Mallory Weiss syndrome, and short segment Barrett's esophagus, are mainly found in the right anterior wall of the distal esophagus. Asymmetrical lower esophageal sphincter pressure and resting radial asymmetrical acid reflux may ...

ABSTRACT Anti-reflux barrier (ARB) resistance may be useful to test new treatments for gastroesophageal reflux (GER). The ARB has been estimated by increasing gastric yield pressure (GYP) and gastric yield volume (GYV) in animal models but has not been validated. This study aimed to develop an experimental model suitable for ...

To develop a soft meat product for a dysphagia diet, high-pressure technology was applied. Pressure-heat-treated ground pork meat (PH) was prepared from ground pork mixed with water (ground meat: water, 1:0.5 or 1:1) and salt (1.5%). PH-gels were made from these meat homogenates by treatment at 400MPa for 20min, followed ...

To examine the reflux nephropathy rate and severity as well as the hypertension rate in pediatric patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). The study included 240 patients with VUR. Renal scarring (RS) was demonstrated by renal parenchymal examination using technetium-99m-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) scintigraphy. Office measurements of arterial blood pressure and ...

The inactivation of the selected vegetative bacteria Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Lactobacillus plantarum by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) in physiological saline (PS) and in four fruit juices with pHs ranging from 3.4 to 6.3, with or without dissolved CO(2), was investigated. The inactivation effect of HHP on the bacteria ...

We examined the timing of physiological swallowing events in patients before and after completion of an exercise-based dysphagia intervention (McNeill Dysphagia Therapy Program; MDTP) and compared their performance to that of healthy volunteers. Eight adults (mean age, 57.5 years) with chronic dysphagia (mean, 45 months) completed 3 weeks of the ...

High pressure processing of ovotransferrin was carried out to study the structural and physiochemical changes of ovotransferrin under various pressure levels. At pH 8 and pressures higher than 200MPa, a decrease in total sulfhydryl groups and an increase in surface hydrophobicity were observed along with a partial aggregation. A gradual ...

Numerous studies have shown that female human beings exhibit lower blood pressure levels over much of their life span compared with their age-matched counterparts. This sexual dimorphism is apparent in human beings as well as most, if not all, mammals. However, after the onset of menopause blood pressure levels in ...

Esophageal characteristics during swallowing in individuals with reflux are not well known. This study aimed to compare manometric esophageal characteristics between a group of individuals with gastroesophageal reflux and a group without these symptoms. A stationary esophageal manometry and a questionnaire of gastrointestinal symptoms were performed on 41 individuals, of ...

Abstract The importance of large breeding individuals for maintaining the health of marine fish and invertebrate populations has long been recognized. Unfortunately, decades of human harvesting that preferentially remove larger individuals have led to drastic reductions in body sizes of many of these species. Such size-selective harvesting is particularly worrisome ...

Vascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased risk for adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. However, less is known about sex differences in the endothelial function of untreated hypertensive individuals. The purpose of this study was to assess endothelial function in women and men with untreated hypertension. Ninety participants (35 women, 55 ...

Young women tend to have lower blood pressure, and less risk of hypertension, compared to young men. As people age, both blood pressure and the risk of hypertension increase in both sexes; this occurs most strikingly in women after menopause. However, the mechanisms for these influences of sex and age ...

Men have higher blood pressure than women through much of life regardless of race and ethnicity. This is a robust and highly conserved sex difference that it is also observed across species including dogs, rats, mice and chickens and it is found in induced, genetic and transgenic animal models of ...

BackgroundIt is unclear whether prehypertension by the seventh Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC-7) criteria (systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120-139 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80-89 mm Hg) or high-normal blood pressure (HNBP) by the European Society of Hypertension and European Society of Cardiology ...

BackgroundMasked hypertension (MHT), defined as normal blood pressure (BP) at office associated with high BP at home, has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of vascular events. However, MHT is poorly known in the elderly, although this age segment is at high risk of hypertension-related vascular events. ...

To characterize the effects of age on the mechanisms underlying the common condition of esophageal dysphagia in older patients, using detailed manometric analysis. A retrospective case-control audit was performed on 19 patients aged ≥ 80 years (mean age 85 ± 0.7 year) who underwent a manometric study for dysphagia (2004-2009). ...

The intracranial pressure (ICP) and CSF outflow resistance (R(out)) are essential to describe the dynamics of the CSF system. R(out) affects ICP, pulse amplitudes, CSF absorption, and the compliance of the system. The objective of this study was to determine the reference values in healthy elderly subjects. Elderly people (60-82 ...

To determine how aging affects the impact of sleep deprivation on blood pressure at rest and under orthostatic challenge. Subjects underwent a night of sleep and 24.5 h of sleep deprivation in a crossover counterbalanced design. Sleep laboratory. Sixteen healthy normotensive men and women: 8 young adults (mean 24 years ...

In this work, we report the development of a novel device, integrated into a shoe, to monitor plantar pressure under real-life conditions by reducing the spatial and temporal resolution. The device consists of a shoe insole with seven pressure-sensitive conductive rubber sensors and a wireless data transmission unit incorporated into ...

Aß peptides are often considered as catabolic by-products of the amyloid ß protein precursor (APP), with unknown physiological functions. However, several biological properties have been tentatively attributed to these peptides, including a role in vasomotion. We assess whether plasma Aß peptide levels might be associated with systolic and diastolic blood ...

The role of the antihypertensive therapy in preventing cognitive disorders in elderly persons without a history of stroke is still a matter of debate. This article focuses on the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive disorders in hypertension and on the impact of antihypertensive treatment in their prevention. Cerebral white matter lesions, ...

Our aim was to assess the association between poor physical function, cognitive dysfunction, and high nocturnal systolic blood pressure (SBP), all of which are markers of vulnerability or frailty in elderly persons. In this cross-sectional study of 148 treated ambulatory elderly hypertensives (mean age: 75.5 years; 30% men), we evaluated ...

Knowledge about the impact of cardiovascular disease on cerebral autoregulation and cognition in aging is sparse. The aim of our study is to examine the association between cerebral blood flow (CBF), silent ST segment depression (STDE) on ambulatory ECG (LTER) and nocturnal blood pressure variations in elderly men. In a ...