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2 Contents CONTENTS internet reaches critical mass CONCERNS AFFECT BEHAVIOR BUT NOT USAGE ONLINE CONCERNS AND INCREASED INTERNET USE PERSONAL SAFETY IS KEY CONTINUING THE DISCUSSION About this study This report, Privacy, security and safety online, is the third installment from Ericsson ConsumerLab investigating matters of user privacy, integrity and security online.* The first report examined these issues on a high level, trying to map and understand the consumer, service provider and regulatory landscape. While the second report went on to explore different consumer benefits of sharing personal information, in this third report we look further into consumer concerns surrounding the usage of internet. As this report is based on an online survey, it should be noted that in countries with low internet penetration, the online population is often dominated by early adopters who are likely to display an equal, if not higher, level of maturity as that of the average user in markets with high internet penetration. *) Previous reports are: Consumer privacy in an online world (2012) and Personal information economy (2013). Methodology The survey was conducted through online questionnaires. A total of 3,311 respondents in six countries participated in the survey. The study represents 215 million daily internet users, in the ages years, in the included markets. Markets included USA Mexico Sweden Egypt Pakistan Thailand Daily internet users 44% 17% 60% 18% 10% 21% Percentage of population The voice of the consumer Ericsson ConsumerLab has close to 20 years experience of studying people s behaviors and values, including the way they act and think about ICT products and services. Ericsson ConsumerLab provides unique insights on market and consumer trends. Ericsson ConsumerLab gains its knowledge through a global consumer research program based on interviews with 100,000 individuals each year, in more than 40 countries and 15 megacities statistically representing the views of 1.1 billion people. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used, and hundreds of hours are spent with consumers from different cultures. To be close to the market and consumers, Ericsson ConsumerLab has analysts in all regions where Ericsson is present, which gives a thorough global understanding of the ICT market and business models. All ConsumerLab reports can be found at: 2 Ericsson consumerlab Privacy, security and safety online

3 Internet reaches critical mass Internet maturity globally is reaching critical mass. People across the globe are becoming dependent on online connectivity in everyday life, work, and communication with authorities. If the potential of the internet thus far has been determined by technological advances, further realization of this potential will demand a deeper, more sociologically grounded understanding of the norms and rules of engagement on the internet. key findings Consumers express concerns, which directly affect their online behavior - 68 percent have felt hesitant towards expressing opinions on the Internet percent of those concerned say that it has a direct effect on their online behavior. However, these concerns do not reduce internet activity - Only 4 percent state that privacy issues reduce their use of internet. On the internet you are who you are - 89 percent enter their correct personal information when registering on different sites percent use their correct information when commenting or expressing personal opinions online. Uncertainty on when, where and how to assess risks online leads to consumers adopting coping strategies - 93 percent say they use some form of coping strategy to deal with risks online percent are careful about what websites they visit percent avoid giving out personal information online. Strong support for internet freedom, but users acknowledge the risks of libel online - Across the studied markets, there is strong support for third party moderation on issues of personal integrity such as personal threats, bullying and slander. 80 percent find censorship of personal threats on the internet acceptable. Ericsson consumerlab Privacy, security and safety online 3

4 CONCERNS AFFECT BEHAVIOR BUT NOT USAGE Internet used in many everyday activities Internet has shifted from being one specific aspect of consumers lives, to becoming an important infrastructure for many aspects of everyday life. As this shift has accelerated, the need for legal and social codes of conduct, or ground rules, has become evident. Risks influence the development of online activity According to the latest Ericsson Mobility Report from november 2013, there are now 1.9 billion smartphone subscriptions, anticipated to grow to 5.6 billion by As a part of this development and a growing maturity, consumers are becoming aware of online hazards. In the study, 70 percent of respondents find that safety issues such as viruses or fraud are a problem to them on the internet, 59 percent worry about surveillance online and to 56 percent privacy issues are a concern. It is evident that these concerns have not stopped the growth of internet; quite to the contrary, the number of internet users continues to grow unabatedly. The results from the study do show that issues of privacy, security and safety have a direct effect on how the internet is approached and used. It affects the degree of both commercial and social interaction online. However, what is notable is that among those who express concerns only 4 percent state that these issues have resulted in them using the internet less. This goes across all markets in the study. I should probably care more than I do, but what am I going to do with that frustration? Cut myself off from everything, or not pay bills online? Male, 20, U.S. 11% 10% 4% 29% Figure 1: Share of consumers who consider matters of security a problem, while on their computer or mobile phone, and the behavioral effects of those concerns. Multiple choice question, sum adds up to more than 100 percent. 44% 70% consider security issues a problem while online 44% Behavioral effects of security concerns online I use the internet less I am more careful with what I write on the internet (e.g. on social networking sites or in forums) I am more careful with what personal information I give out about myself (e.g. when registering on sites) I am more careful when it comes to which websites I am visiting It affects my internet use in other ways It doesn t affect my internet use at all Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab, Privacy, security and safety online, Ericsson consumerlab Privacy, security and safety online

5 ONLINE CONCERNS AND INCREASED INTERNET USE Experience and hearsay combined determine consumer perception of risk When it comes to first hand experiences of security risks, 68 percent have experienced computer viruses themselves but only 11 percent have been subject to fraud online. However, 31 percent state that someone close to them has been exposed to internet fraud. Another issue which has attracted much public attention is personal identities being hijacked (e.g. a friend posting in your name on Facebook) or stolen, and whereas 27 percent say that someone close to them have experienced this, only 13 percent have actually had their identity tampered with online. Consumer perception of risks builds on a blend of first-hand experiences and hearsay, from friends and acquaintances to media reporting. This creates awareness that risks exists but uncertainty about when, where and how to assign and assess risk. Consumers use coping strategies to tackle online risks Just as various coping strategies are a natural part of everyday life offline, consumers also use coping strategies on internet in order to handle perceived and actual risks. Of the respondents, 93 percent say that they take some form of protective measures when using the internet. In addition to direct protection in the form of anti-virus software, coping strategies include indirect measures such as being careful when it comes to what websites to visit. On the social web, sharing personal information and opinions is both a prerequisite and a key functionality. Personal information is a wide term, covering everything from: name, interest, political views and opinions to consumption patterns. Online and in real life we constantly share personal information, more or less actively and concisely. Given the wide range of personal information it comes as no surprise that different types of personal information varies in sensitivity. Neither is it a paradox that 89 percent of users say that they share personal information and opinions online at least weekly. Simultaneously, results also show that 86 percent have felt hesitant to share personal information online and that 68 percent have felt hesitant to express their opinions. Not connecting the dots While 70 percent believe that companies can access and use their personal information for commercial purposes, 56 percent claim that they would share less personal information if they received a personalized ad based on something they discussed in an . Personalized ads are today a prevalent feature of free services. Yet people do not seem to recognize this fact or to pay attention to it. Companies employ complex processes to collect and apply personal information and it is not easy for consumers to connect all the dots and understand how, when and for what purpose their information is used. Figure 2: Have you or someone close to you experienced any of the following? Censorship online Virus on mobile phone Virus on computer Paid for something online that never was delivered Recieving threats online Someone hacking your account Someone hacking your social networking account Surveillance Identity theft online Online fraud 86% 68% Myself Someone close to me 14% 19% 21% 23% 68% 42% 14% 20% 9% 20% 28% 29% 20% 32% 14% 20% 13% 27% 11% 31% have felt hesitant to share personal information have felt hesitant to express their opinions online Source: Ericsson Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab, Privacy, security and safety online, 2014 Ericsson consumerlab Privacy, security and safety online 5

6 PERSONAL SAFETY IS KEY Other people the main concern online Out of the respondents 48 percent agree that their online behavior would be seriously affected if they found out that individuals not acquainted to them could access and use their personal information. On the internet you are who you are; the results of the study show that users predominately use their real identity online. 89 percent enter their correct personal information (as in real name and et cetera) when registering on different sites and 81 percent do not use aliases when commenting or expressing personal opinions online. Even among an advanced internet sample, just over one in 10 users go so far as to hide their IP address, a behavior that can be interpreted as anything from an attempt of trying to protect your own identity, in order to stay safe from online threats, to an attempt to conceal more or less illegal online activity. If it s only companies [that can access your information], you don t have to be careful about how you use your smartphone. Female, 17, Sweden It s not [social networks] that are making the world corrupt. It s the people that are on it. Female, 20, U.S. Figure 3: Share who agree their online behavior would be seriously affected if they found out that others could access and use their personal information online. 48% 39% 39% Yes, if it were other individuals not acquainted with me Yes, if it were a national security agency Yes, if it were a financial institution Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab, Privacy, security and safety online, 2014 Support for the protection of personal integrity There is firm support for freedom of speech among the respondents in the survey. Only 8 percent state that it is not important. At the same time, users acknowledge the inevitable risks of libel online. Across the studied markets, there is support for third party moderation, particularly on issues of personal integrity such as threats, bullying and slander. 80 percent believe it is OK to censor or block personal threats on internet. For non-personal issues concerning religion, government and one s country there is less support for censorship, across all markets. In many cases there are small variations between countries. Figure 4: In which cases is it acceptable to censor or block content on the Internet? Personal threats Bullying Information that can compromise national security Pornographic content Slander Violent content Rasist opinions or content Sexist opinions or content 80% 79% 79% 78% 76% 73% 70% 67% 20% 21% 21% 22% 24% 27% 30% 33% Criticsism against one s country Religious criticism Criticism against government/state 48% 47% 32% OK to censor 52% 53% 68% Not OK to censor Source: Ericsson ConsumerLab, Privacy, security and safety online, Ericsson consumerlab Privacy, security and safety online

7 CONTINUING THE DISCUSSION If one just looks at the numbers presented in this report, consumer concerns seem to be quite high. However, given that 96 percent say they will use internet as much or more in the future, we detect no sign of privacy concerns hindering the growing use of internet. Obviously, as internet becomes an increasingly important part of just about everything in our lives, hiccups as well as outright attacks will continue to happen. However, so far the backlashes we have seen have been limited in time or have affected a relatively small group of individuals, while the majority of consumers agree that the benefits of internet use outweigh the concerns. We have passed the point of no return as individuals, we can no longer really imagine a life without internet. Internet is no longer a separate layer on top of the physical society, they are continuously merging and hence also needs to be viewed and treated as one. Having said that, uncertainties continue to influence our online behavior. The possible aftereffect of backlashes, although they will not bring a disruptive change in the general usage of internet, will contribute to the evolution and discussion on how internet should be used. Matters of trust and the importance of respecting human rights issues such as the right to privacy will lead to a continued discussion concerning personal safety online and will not likely fade away. It is clear from the study that as individuals, we perceive other individuals to be the main threat, not companies or institutions. Our main focus is feeling secure on a personal level. In this way internet is just another platform of social activity as real as any other physical arena and inextricably intertwined with our everyday lives. Internet can and will be misused, but the blame goes to the perpetrator. Going forward, successful services and solutions will have to be better at catering to consumer needs to feel secure personally. Transparency will be increasingly important and also encompass the idea that information should be both understandable and accessible. As an example, consumers need to not only click yes under terms and conditions online, they need to also understand what it means to them abstract legal terms are not good enough, they need to concretely explain: How will others get access to me and my personal information? Consumers will also remain as sensitive to issues of libel online as they are offline, if not more. Engaging with consumers in order to find the right balance between openness and measures to protect against various forms of online threats will be of utmost importance. In combination with earlier ConsumerLab research on this and related topics, results show that consumers support measures to protect personal integrity, examples of which can be: Build consumer awareness around risk assessment online Built-in protective measures from the onset privacy by design Embedding privacy measures in the design of technology, in order to protect consumers personal information and privacy. Moderation of forums and social media to reduce slander, bullying and other behaviors that threaten personal integrity Consequent usage of transparency and permissibility in handling personal information Earlier Ericsson ConsumerLab studies have pointed to the importance of clarity, being transparent and asking for consumers permission when using personal information. Offering consumers value sharing when commercially exploiting personal information Consumer trust is also gained by ensuring that any commercial use of personal information is reciprocated by returning consumers some form of value, monetary or in the form of improved service or product experience. Ericsson consumerlab Privacy, security and safety online 7

8 Ericsson is a world-leading provider of communications technology and services. We are enabling the Networked Society with efficient real-time solutions that allow us all to study, work and live our lives more freely, in sustainable societies around the world. Our offering comprises services, software and infrastructure within Information and Communications Technology for telecom operators and other industries. Today 40 percent of the world s mobile traffic goes through Ericsson networks and we support customers networks servicing more than 2.5 billion subscribers. We are more than 110,000 people working with customers in more than 180 countries. Founded in 1876, Ericsson is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. In 2013 the company s net sales were SEK billion (USD 34.9 billion). Ericsson is listed on NASDAQ OMX, Stockholm and NASDAQ, New York stock exchanges. The content of this document is subject to revision without notice due to continued progress in methodology, design and manufacturing. Ericsson shall have no liability for any error or damage of any kind resulting from the use of this document. Ericsson SE Stockholm, Sweden Telephone Fax EAB-13: Uen Ericsson AB 2014

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