Dissertação de mestrado em Marketing and Strategy; Since the beginning of the century, a new form of competition has surfaced through the
use of computer technology and global communications. Over these recent years the
competitive play of video games, dubbed as electronic sports, or simply esports, has
grown from a pastime to a fully professional activity. From all over the world, hundreds
of players battle each other in virtual arenas for a chance to reach the millionaire prize
pools the top competitions offer, and for the amusement of the millions of the fans who
follow them. Not to mention, for a chance to play in some of the biggest sports venues,
as these competitions have started to step out of the digital realm to fill live stadiums.
Still, despite the fact that esports have grown so much in the latest years, not much is
known about the teams that compose this universe. So, this research aimed to bring clarity
to how electronic sports teams work, by using business models as conceptual tools to
display the different elements of the team’s businesses. To do so, sports and esports
managers were interviewed in order to better understand how they run their teams.
Starting with traditional sports, identifying the essential details that teams need to operate
and building their business models...

This research project focuses on the discussion of trends and new business models for the textile and clothing industry in general and for the fashion industry, in particular, using tools and an approach supported on strategic innovation. A documentary analysis was performed and they were conducted a series of semi-structured interviews. It was noted the importance of the strategic analysis and particularly strategic innovation for the design of new successful business models. Main findings and results are presented on the basis of two main criteria: relevance and feasibility. Two generic strategies were identified.

Strategic innovation means the design of new
business models that seek to reach new customers, to offer
new products or services or to find new ways of make
business. For Anderson and Markides (2006) strategic
innovation is about discovering a new WHO, a new WHAT and
a new HOW. An enabler of strategic innovation has been the
development and diffusion of information and communication
technologies. In this paper, ten selected case studies of
innovative services and business models supported in
electronic platforms are presented and discussed. They
represent new opportunities for business model design and
open innovation processes. These business models were
analyzed through the business model canvas framework and
in terms of strategic innovation. The findings and a set of
hypothesis are presented and discussed at the end of the
paper.

The Internet is built on a model in which Autonomous Systems (AS) peer bilaterally based on pair-wise Service Level Agreements (SLA). This results in a cascaded connectivity model in which routing decisions beyond the next hop are delegated, so an AS has limited control over paths beyond the next hop. While this is a key feature of the Internet, the impact of this cascading model on the structure of the Internet has, to the best of our knowledge, never been analyzed in detail. Using game theory with realistic rules, we provide an analysis of the cascading model. Although our model does not intend to capture the full economic and technical complexity of the real Internet, we show that it exposes the two main business models of peering used currently: volume-based peering and transit carriers (large hubs with equivalent capacity).

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics; This work project discusses the key features that affect the Portuguese Football Market
and the business models presented by its football clubs by analyzing its unique
characteristics and performing a comparison with the main European championships.
The business models of Sport Clube Beira-Mar - Futebol, SAD, Sport Lisboa e Benfica
- Futebol, SAD, Sporting Clube de Braga - Futebol, SAD and three Portuguese Football
Academies were analyzed in order to understand the differences between clubs with
dissimilar goals and scopes and which aspects should be improved and explored.
Portuguese clubs present a significant competitive advantage in developing players as well as an important members base. However, they face many challenges due to low
stadium occupation rates, excessive dependence on certain revenue streams, lack of sports facilities utilization, a limited range of services, and the need to reformulate their revenue structure and increase the interaction with their fans and members by providing them enjoyable experiences beyond the football matches.
Hence, a set of recommendations and suggestions was developed...

We would like to thank Philipp Schwarz and Julia Gückel for their dedicated support in preparing this paper and our colleagues and students of the School of Engineering and the Business School for our fruitful discussions.; Four categories of innovations have been identified by Freeman and Perez: incremental innovations, radical innovations, new technological systems (systemic innovations), and technological revolutions or new techno-economic paradigms. New techno-economic paradigms represent changes in technological systems that are so far-reaching in their effects that they have a major influence on the behaviour of the entire economy. Scarcity of oil and external costs like global warming are the key arguments and the main drivers of the change of the current paradigm.
They will affect especially the mobility of individuals and the interlinked business models. Novel business models within newly created markets will raise e.g. extended mobility services, activities aiming at the infrastructure, new opportunities in the field of energy transmission and supply and even new strategies of recycling, reusing or reducing the use of resources in order to address global scarcity issues.
Especially for the established players of the automotive industry like original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) or 1st and 2nd tier suppliers this implicates opportunities and risks at the same time. But also new players will get the chance to create and enter new markets with new or extended products or services and lead the new value chain.
This paper compiles and evaluates current approaches and business models of selected OEMs together with upcoming players. Additionally their positions within the existing value chain are being analyzed and classified. Bringing together the identified drivers of changes with current trends within the automotive industry the authors also show new concepts of extended business models...

E-procurement systems have become an
integral component of procurement reform by governments
around the world as they move to institute competitive and
fully transparent procurement systems, and to address issues
of corruption and transparency. This rise in demand for
e-Government Procurement (e-GP) systems has created an
innovative industry of technical products and business
arrangements. To support the development, implementation and
operation of e-procurement systems, governments have
undertaken several different business approaches, from
complete in house solutions to various types of third-party
partnerships. Each implementation has its own set of
benefits and business issues associated with it, which
directly affect both the government and the suppliers doing
business with the government. The purpose of the study is to
identify the types of business arrangements used by
governments; the benefits of these arrangements; how they
may or may not affect the procurement process; the types of
issues or perceived issues that have resulted from the
business approaches applied; the contractual arrangements or
policies that have been drafted to mitigate issues and
ensure the integrity and security of the procurement
process. The goal of this study is to continue expanding the
World Bank knowledge base on e-procurement programs...

Social enterprises provide services and goods to alleviate social problems, and adopt business models to ensure financial sustainability. Differentiated from commercial enterprises due to their primary social mission, and from traditional nonprofit organisations due to their implementation of trading activities, little is known about how social enterprises understand the term “business model”, what the business models of social enterprises are, or what informs them. It is also unclear whether any particular social enterprise business model may confer a financial advantage. Although the business model construct is not yet clearly defined in the literature, there is a general understanding that business models are informed by an organisation’s strategy. In-depth interviews were conducted with Chief Executive Officers of 65 nonprofit social enterprises from a diverse range of sectors in Australia. Four research questions are addressed using concept mapping and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). These research methods combine qualitative insights with quantitative analysis, provide transparent research processes, allow for contextual generalizations, and offer deeper insight into an increasingly important sector of the economy. Despite growing consensus that the business model is driven by an organisation’s strategy...

Crowdsourcing is a relatively new concept and therefore recent literature primarily focusses on the definition of the term and the analysis of the concept per se. However business models that make use of crowdsourcing emerged rapidly during the last years and sometimes were able to completely reshape whole industries with their innovative concept. Thus it is important to consider what exactly the key success factors for those business models are and what differentiates the successful from the unsuccessful concepts. This thesis first defines the term crowdsourcing and subsequently tries to use recent academic literature to explain how crowdsourcing can be strategically integrated in a business model. In this process common problems that are mentioned regarding business models that make use of crowdsourcing are elaborated. In the end of the literature review six questions regarding possible key success factors emerge.
To approve or disapprove those six success factors and potentially find further success factors a case study analysis is conducted. Within this case study analysis two successful and two failed examples of business models that make use of crowdsourcing are analyzed. The Osterwalder Business Canvas is used to analyze the individual business models of Threadless...

This research is titled “The Future of Airline Business Models: Which Will Win?” and it is part of the requirements for the award of a Masters in Management from NOVA BSE and another from Luiss Guido Carlo University. The purpose is to elaborate a complete market analysis of the European Air Transportation Industry in order to predict which Airlines, strategies and business models may be successful in the next years. First, an extensive literature review of the business model concept has been done. Then, a detailed overview of the main European Airlines and the strategies that they have been implementing so far has been developed. Finally, the research is illustrated with three case studies

Innovation is the main driver of
long-term economic growth. The accumulation of capital,
whether in the form of physical assets such as plants and
equipment, or through better human capital, cannot
indefinitely sustain growth unless new products, services,
processes, and/or business models are developed and
implemented. This paper describes the actors involved and
the types of funding available at different stages of the
innovation process, the rationales for public intervention,
and the advantages and disadvantages of some of the most
commonly used policy instruments. Innovation activities are
more difficult to finance than other types of investment for
several reasons. Innovation produces an intangible asset
that does not typically constitute accepted collateral to
obtain external funding. Also, the technological and market
uncertainty of innovation activities makes the returns to
investment highly uncertain, creating significant problems
for the standard risk adjustment methods used by providers
of funds. This paper uses a streamlined version of an
innovation process with three stages to categorize the
different sources of finance available; in reality...

The increase in antibiotic resistance and the dearth of novel antibiotics have become a growing concern among policy-makers. A combination of financial, scientific, and regulatory challenges poses barriers to antibiotic innovation. However, each of these three challenges provides an opportunity to develop pathways for new business models to bring novel antibiotics to market. Pull-incentives that pay for the outputs of research and development (R&D) and push-incentives that pay for the inputs of R&D can be used to increase innovation for antibiotics. Financial incentives might be structured to promote delinkage of a company's return on investment from revenues of antibiotics. This delinkage strategy might not only increase innovation, but also reinforce rational use of antibiotics. Regulatory approval, however, should not and need not compromise safety and efficacy standards to bring antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action to market. Instead regulatory agencies could encourage development of companion diagnostics, test antibiotic combinations in parallel, and pool and make transparent clinical trial data to lower R&D costs. A tax on non-human use of antibiotics might also create a disincentive for non-therapeutic use of these drugs. Finally...

In 2003, the RIT Printing Industry Center
monograph titled Investing in Digital Color…
the Bottom Line1 identified four different business models that were related to successful digital color print services enterprises. The four models reflected different levels of investment in equipment, telecommunications and networking infrastructures, and human resources. Figure 1 summarizes the four business models in terms of investment strategies and market focus.
The purpose of this research is to validate those four models. The 2003 research was based on a small sample size of print services providers which did not allow us to generalize to a wider population. Are there just four models? Or are there more or fewer? The earlier study described the investment in infrastructure only and did not include other aspects of the businesses in the model profiles. Therefore, a more in-depth study was designed to provide more reliable estimates of the investments for each model and to add business performance measures.; Document #PICRM-2004-06
Research Area: Processes, Productivity and Profitability; RIT, Alfred P Sloan Foundation, Adobe, Creo, R R Donnelley, HP, Heidelberg, IBM, MeadWestvaco, Nexpress, NPES, Standard Register, VIGC, Weyerhaeuser, Xerox

Radical innovations in information technology are opening windows of opportunities for developing new business models which will affect the structure of global industry. By reviewing structural changes in the information technology industry over the past five decades, this article analyzes the relationship between innovation, the surge of paradigm firms, and business models, with the aim of contributing to the development of business strategies and public policies. The case of Google is analyzed, based on the recent literature on the information economy, in order to exemplify how technological change affects competition in the IT industry.; Inovações radicais nas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TIC) abrem oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de novos modelos de negócios que, quando bem-sucedidos, acabam por alterar a própria estrutura da indústria global. A partir da revisão de mudanças estruturais ocorridas nas TIC nas últimas cinco décadas, neste artigo analisam-se a relação entre novas tecnologias, o surgimento de empresas consideradas paradigmas e seus respectivos modelos de negócios visando contribuir para o processo de formulação de estratégias empresariais e políticas públicas. O caso da empresa Google...