A paucity of published data is available describing the methods for the integration of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology and surgical simulation into orthopedic surgery. The cost of this technology has decreased and the ease of use has increased, making routine use of 3D printed models and surgical simulation for difficult orthopedic problems a… (More)

BACKGROUND
Clavicle malunion affects the biomechanics of the shoulder joint. The purpose of this study is to establish the abduction, flexion, and internal (medial) rotation biomechanics of the shoulder after clavicle malunion.
METHODS
A computational study was performed utilizing a three-dimensional, validated computational model of the upper extremity.… (More)

BACKGROUND
The position, axis, and control of each lower extremity joint intimately affect adjacent joint function as well as whole-limb performance. A review of the literature finds little describing the biomechanics of subtalar arthrodesis and the effect on ankle biomechanics. The purpose of the current study was to establish this effect on sagittal plane… (More)

OBJECTIVES
The ability of surgeons to optimize screw insertion torque in nonlocking fixation constructs is important for stability, particularly in osteoporotic and cancellous bone. This study evaluated screw torque applied by surgeons during synthetic cancellous fixation. It evaluated the frequency with which screws were stripped by surgeons, factors… (More)

The subtalar joint is important for gait and function of the foot and ankle. With few external landmarks, the joint is difficult to conceptualize and study in vivo. There have been several functional representations put forth in the literature which can be combined to give a broader understanding of the overall function and mechanics of the subtalar joint.… (More)

Two thermomechanical analytical models are proposed for orthotropic double lap joints, and are compared to a finite element model. The solutions, based on the principle of virtual work, differ in the complexity of the assumed stress field. The first solution is similar to Volkersen, with the addition of thermal effects. The second solution captures the peel… (More)

A discrete cohesive zone method finite element is used to evaluate traction law efficiency and robustness in predicting decohesion in a finite element model. Three traction laws are reported and are compared from the perspective of their computational efficiency and robustness. The smooth traction laws (based on the beta distribution and sine functions) are… (More)

This paper is concerned with a progressive failure analysis methodology for fiber reinforced composite laminates combining various analytical models designed for investigating failure mechanisms at different length scales. The methodology here employs a fundamental mechanism based approach to predict failure or damage initiation with strong coupling between… (More)

BACKGROUND
Neonatal respiratory distress results in > 1 million annual deaths worldwide. Bubble CPAP is a simple, effective, and widely used therapy for infants in respiratory distress. In low-resource settings, more advanced respiratory support is limited by cost, technical expertise, and sporadic electricity. We sought to develop a safe, inexpensive, and… (More)

INTRODUCTION
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), world-renowned Italian mathematician, astronomer, physicist and philosopher, made many contributions to science. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that Galileo's discovery of scaling principles permitted others to define and advance orthopaedic research and clinical sciences.
METHODS
The science and… (More)