..Although field studies are needed to assess the possible implications, in terms of actual racing, of the new system, commonly used indicators of endurance cycling performance do not seem to be improved with the Rotor in trained cyclists...

Is there an association between ACE and CKMM polymorphisms and cycling performance status during 3-week races?

..Resting echocardiographic evaluations showed similar heart dimensions in all of the subjects. In conclusion, HR does not seem to show a curvilinear response (downward deflection) in most aged athletes...

Metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations to endurance training in professional cyclists: a longitudinal study

..To analyse the slow component of oxygen uptake (VO2) in professional cyclists and to determine whether this phenomenon is due to altered neuromuscular activity, as assessed by surface electromyography (EMG)...

Physiological response to professional road cycling: climbers vs. time trialists

..It would also seem that other "technical" requirements of the sport (i. e. pedaling efficiency probably related to biomechanical factors etc.) may be associated with successful time trial performance...

Effects of endurance training on the breathing pattern of professional cyclists

..e., increases in the volume and/or intensity of training throughout the season). These findings suggest that endurance conditioning does not alter the breathing pattern of professional cyclists during an incremental exercise test...

Thyroid hormones may influence the slow component of VO(2) in professional cyclists

..No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in controls. In summary, in world-class cyclists, we only found an association between ACTN3 genotypes and VT and PPO, and between ACTN3/ACE genotype combinations and RCT...

..2 vs. 9.2+/-0.2) (no mutation vs. C34T mutation, respectively). Although more research is necessary, it seems that the C34T mutation of the AMPD1, at least in heterozygous individuals, does not affect functional capacity in the elderly...

..A favourable genetic endowment, together with exceptional environmental factors (years of altitude living and training in this case), seems to be necessary to attain the highest possible level of running endurance performance...

Is there an association between ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and muscle power phenotypes in young, non-athletic adults?

..00 for jump tests and <1.015 for sprint tests (all P>0.05). In summary, α-actinin-3 deficiency does not negatively influence the ability to generate explosive leg muscle power in a young non-athletic population...

Exercise capacity in a 78 year old patient with McArdle's disease: it is never too late to start exercising

..To determine the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) on oxygen uptake (VO(2)) kinetics and delta efficiency (DE) during gradual exercise. The hypothesis was that ES would attenuate the VO(2)-workload relation and improve DE...

..These observations suggest the possible use of a fixed, reference HR of 175 beats x min-1 to determine the exercise intensity corresponding to OBLA in amateur cyclists. This was not the case for the professional cyclists...

..05). Supervised exercise training can improve the overall physical fitness of incarcerated people. Our results suggest that this type of intervention could be applied in prisons of Western societies...

..05). These findings suggest that the ergogenic effect of caffeine in a high-intensity endurance exercise shown in previous research may be partly mediated by a possible attenuation of the VO(2) slow component...