In the real world, software development is totally different
Software professionals make mistakes
The client’s requirements change while the software product is being developed
A software product is a model of the real world, and the real world is continually changing.

Waterfall Life-Cycle Model

No phase is complete until the documentation for that phase has been completed and the products of that phase have been approved by the software quality assurance (SQA) group.
If the products of an earlier phase have to be changed as a consequence of following a feedback loop, that earlier phase is deemed to be complete only when the documentation for the phase has been modified and the modifications have been checked by the SQA group.

Agile Model

Agile software development is a group of software development methods based on iterative and incremental development
It promotes adaptive planning and encourages rapid and flexible response to change.

Spiral Life-Cycle Model

Precede each phase by
Alternatives
Risk analysis
Follow each phase by
Evaluation
Planning of the next phase
Radial dimension: cumulative costs to date
Angular dimension: progress through the spiral.

Spiral Life-Cycle Model

Minimize risk via the use of prototypes and other means.
Two types of risk:
Analyzable Risk: Time and cost
Un-analyzable Risk:
Personnel turnover
Evaluate the delivery promises of a hardware supplier

Comparison of Life-Cycle Models

Different life-cycle models have been presented
Each with its own strengths and weaknesses
Criteria for deciding on a model include:
The organization
Its management
The skills of the employees
The nature of the product
Best suggestion
“Mix-and-match” life-cycle model

The Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC), or Software Development Lifecycle in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering, is the process of creating or altering systems and the models and methodologies that people use to develop these systems. The concept generally refers to computer or computer systems.

In software engineering, the SDLC concept supports many types of software development methodologies. These methodologies form the framework for the planning and control of the creation of an information system of the software development process.

Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) is a process used by a systems analyst to develop an information system, including requirements, validation, training and user ownership. Any SDLC should result in a high-quality system that meets or exceeds customer expectations, expires within time and cost estimates, works efficiently and efficiently in the current and planned information technology infrastructure, and is economical to maintain and cost-effective to improve.

Computer systems are complex and often (especially with the recent emergence of Service Oriented Architecture) linking multiple traditional systems potentially supplied by different software vendors. To handle this level of complexity, several SDLC models have been created: "cascade"; "source"; "spiral"; "build and fix"; "rapid prototyping"; "incremental"; and "synchronize and stabilize".

SDLC models can be described along a spectrum from agile to iterative to sequential. Agile methodologies, such as XP and Scrum, focus on light processes that allow rapid changes throughout the development cycle. Iterative methodologies, such as the Rational Unified Process and Dynamic Systems Development Method, focus on limited project reach and expand or enhance products across multiple iterations. Sequential or large-design-up-front (BDUF) models, such as Waterfall, focus on complete and correct planning to guide large projects and risks for successful and predictable results. Other models, such as anamorphic development, tend to focus on a form of development that is guided by project scope and adaptive iterations of feature development.

In project management you can define a project with both a project life cycle (PLC) and an SDLC, during which slightly different activities occur. According to Taylor (2004), "the project lifecycle encompasses all project activities, while the systems development lifecycle focuses on the realization of product requirements."

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