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The Problem: Where To Go? How can we improve accessibility for programming to improve digital accessibility more broadly? (For that matter, why should we?)

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Accessibility and Design Universal design: providing all audiences/users/people with the means of engaging (“consuming”) a particular experience Individual design: providing all users/people with the means of creating individually oriented artifacts and environments Yergeau et al. (2013): “many multimodal texts are not designed with flexible means for manipulating the information at the level of the user”

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Extending Programming Practices Efforts generally entail adding a new interface/medium to the development process, e.g. renovated GUI environments This means that existing code languages are generally left untouched/unchanged—restricting the possibilities for improving accessibility

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Syntactical/Lexical Substitution An excerpt of Dogescript side-by-side with Javascript: much very woof as 1 next woof smaller 3 next woof more 1 plz console.loge with {such: 'doge'} wow shh doge style very science is 4 much very so as 1 next so smaller 10 next so more 1 rly so bigger 2 plz console.loge with {such: so} wow for (var woof=1; woof<3; woof+=1) { console.log({ such: 'doge' }); } // doge style var science=4; for (var so=1; so<10; so+=1) { if (so>2) { console.log({ such: so }); }

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Syntactical/Lexical Substitution Part of “Hello World” in Shakespeare Programming Language: Romeo, a young man with a remarkable patience. Hamlet, the flatterer of Andersen Insulting A/S. Act I: Hamlet's insults and flattery. Scene I: The insulting of Romeo. [Enter Hamlet and Romeo] Hamlet: You lying stupid fatherless big smelly half-witted coward! You are as stupid as the difference between a handsome rich brave hero and thyself! Speak your mind! You are as brave as the sum of your fat little stuffed misused dusty old rotten codpiece and a beautiful fair warm peaceful sunny summer's day. You are as healthy as the difference between the sum of the sweetest reddest rose and my father and yourself! Speak your mind!

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Visual Programming Scratch and its derivatives (SNAP!, Blockly) Shapes and colors indicate particular purposes & functionalities of specific elements IDE of executed program directly next to development space/window

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So, For Real: Where To Go? Sorry: no real answer or solid vision for the future, yet Writing scholars have the chance to involve themselves in significant work influencing paths for software development Questions to grapple with: How do we make the act of programming as accessible as familiar day-to-day programs? How do we do so in a manner that addresses universal and individual design concerns?