Natural gas hydrate in the foraminifera

Natural gas hydrates are clathrate hydrates that consist of water molecules and natural gas molecules (major constituent: methane). They are mainly distributed along continental slopes of the oceans or permafrost regions on land. Highly saturated hydrate reservoirs may be ideal alternative energy resources, which makes them an important target area for the exploitation and utilization of natural gas hydrates. Generally, influenced and restricted by the grain size of the sediments, natural gas hydrates are mainly found in the coarse sands, while in fine-grained sediments, the hydrate occurrence is rarely occurs, or the saturation of the gas hydrates would be relatively low. However, among drilling projects in 2007 in the Shenhu area, South China Sea (SCS), the average sand content in the hydrate reservoir was only around 1.4%-4.24%, the hydrate saturation was as high as 20%-40%. While related to the supply of gas source and the tectonic activities, this result may also be attributed to the abundant foraminifera shells in the SCS sediments

The samples used in this study were obtained from Shenhu area, SCS, and provided by Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey during voyage HY-2006-3. It was located in E 115°12.52363?N 19°48.40299? where the water depth is 1,554 meters. The seafloor sediments were collected with gravity piston core. Although these samples did not contain natural hydrates, they were obtained near the location where hydrate samples were drilled in 2007 (Figure 1). Because the geological backgrounds between these two kinds of samples were basically the same, so the samples analyzed in this study are considered as representative of sediments of the hydrate reservoir.

About 10 g SCS samples were dispersed in water, the foraminifera shells in the samples were selected and divided into three groups by size (>150μm, 63-150μm, 150 μm).

Surface and inner structures of the foraminifera shells selected from the SCS sediments were studied by SEM and X-ray CT. The foraminifera shells displayed as a single sphere or multi-chamber structure. The surfaces of the shells showed numerous micro-pores (6-8 μm), among which, some pores were filled with sediments, while most of them connected the chambers of the shells to the outside space. most foraminifera shells are still effective pore space providing an ideal place for hydrate growth and accumulation. It can also partially explain the high saturation of hydrate in the fine-grained SCS sediments. By statistically analyzing the number of voxels within the grayscale range that represented the inner pores of the foraminifera in the region, the effective volume of pores inside the foraminifera was up to 18.5% of the total volume, which indicates that the presence of foraminifera shells increases the porosity of the SCS sediments effectively.

The SCS sediments consisted primarily of silt and sand, and the pores between different grains were tiny and filled with clays. Because of the limited image resolution, only the hydrate distribution in the foraminifera chambers (pores inside the grains) could be observed; in turn, so it was difficult to identify tiny hydrate crystals dispersed between fine grains of the sediments in CT images. The hydrates grew inside the foraminifera and occupied partial spaces of the gas and liquid. The volume of the hydrates was greater than the corresponding liquid volume. Before the formation of hydrates, only a small amount of water was present inside some foraminifera shells. With hydrates accumulating over time, the liquid and methane gas mitigated towards the inner space of the foraminifera shells via the mouth and the micro-pores in the shell walls. Except in some of the foraminifera shells filled with other materials, hydrates contacted with the inner walls of the foraminifera shells directly.