In order to explore the effects of long-term continuous cropping on the microbial community structures of soybean rhizosphere soil. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) method was used to analysis the dynamic process of soil microbial community based on long-term soybean continuous cropping experiment with the same environment factors. The results showed that soil bacteria community composition changed with continuous cropping years, where the diversity of bacteria community in soybean continuous cropping over seven years treatments were lower than that of rotation and continuous cropping less than four years, indicating that soil bacteria community was changed with soybean continuous cropping, but it is a slowly process. The results of fungi community structure analysis showed that the community composition of SC2 and SC4 trend to more abundant and diverse. Then the diversities of fungi community for more than 7 years and the rotation treatment were from 3.067 7 to 3.071 5, lower than that of SC2 and SC4, while the community composition of SC7 showed similar to rotation, which was the typical property of suppressive soil.