Description: For each of the subtopics of the sequence a list of comprehensive behavioral goals and cognitive objectives will explicitly define what a student should know and be able to do by the end of the sequence. These objectives provide a focus for ""active"" studying. It is important to note that mastery of the ""basic facts"" concerning structure and function, as defined in these lists of cognitive objectives, is an essential, but only the first step, in life long learning. You must also be able to use these facts in a logical manner to solve problems. Physiologic and pathophysiologic problem solving is the basis of medical practice. Accordingly, examinations will attempt to test not only for mastery of the cognitive objectives but, to the extent we are able, to test for your ability to manipulate this material, i.e., for your ability to solve problems.