Academic Commons Search Resultshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog?action=index&controller=catalog&f%5Bsubject_facet%5D%5B%5D=History+of+science&format=rss&fq%5B%5D=has_model_ssim%3A%22info%3Afedora%2Fldpd%3AContentAggregator%22&q=&rows=500&sort=record_creation_date+desc
Academic Commons Search Resultsen-usLooping Genomes: Diagnostic Change and the Genetic Makeup of the Autism Populationhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:196788
Navon, Daniel; Eyal, Gilhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8J1033XWed, 06 Apr 2016 15:40:17 +0000This article builds on Hacking’s framework of “dynamic nominalism” to show how knowledge about biological etiology can interact with the “kinds of people” delineated by diagnostic categories in ways that “loop” or modify both over time. The authors use historical materials to show how “geneticization” played a crucial role in binding together autism as a biosocial community and how evidence from genetics research later made an important contribution to the diagnostic expansion of autism. In the second part of the article, the authors draw on quantitative and qualitative analyses of autism rates over time in several rare conditions that are delineated strictly according to genomic mutations in order to demonstrate that these changes in diagnostic practice helped to both increase autism’s prevalence and create its enormous genetic heterogeneity. Thus, a looping process that began with geneticization and involved the social effects of genetics research itself transformed the autism population and its genetic makeup.Sociology, History of science, Autism--Diagnosis, Autism--Etiology, Science--Philosophy, Science--Social aspectsge2027SociologyArticlesThe Treatise on Cold Damage and the Formation of Literati Medicine: Social, Epidemiological, and Medical Change in China, 1000-1400https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:187001
Boyanton, Stephenhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8TB15ZXThu, 07 May 2015 00:24:36 +0000This dissertation explores the profound changes that occurred in literate Chinese medicine during the Song (960-1279), Jin (1115-1234), and Yuan (1276-1368) dynasties—changes which established the pattern of the text-based Chinese medical tradition from that time to the present day. In particular it examines the transformation of the Han dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE) text, the Treatise on Cold Damage (Shanghan lun 傷寒論), from one member of a diverse tradition of texts giving instruction on the treatment of cold damage disorders (shanghan 伤寒, a class of potentially epidemic, febrile illnesses) into the preeminent—almost the only—canonical text about such illnesses and a touchstone for medical thinking on all types of illnesses. I argue that a two primary factors account for the Treatise’s remarkable rise in status: the rise in the frequency of epidemics caused by Chinese society’s crossing of epidemiological frontiers, both in terms of population and in terms of geographic distribution, and a crisis of trust in medicine which was part of a much broader epistemic crisis brought about by the radical changes in social structure, commerce, governance, and material culture during the Song.
The increase in epidemics gave added weight to the topic of cold damage, but the decisive factors singling out the Treatise were related to its usefulness in addressing the medical crisis of trust. Medical authors were unanimous in their condemnation of the status quo in medicine. The focus of their criticisms was the figure of the common physician (shiyi 世醫). Common physicians, the dominant practitioners of text-based medicine in the Northern Song, belonged to social stratum just below that of the elite. For elite medical authors, common physicians were the primary problem with medicine: they were inadequately or incorrectly educated, failed to appreciate the complexity of illness, and lacked elite ethical values. While elite authors agreed that common physicians were the problem, they disagreed on how to resolve this problem. Three approaches developed a more elite form medicine—which I term “literati medicine.” It was among the proponents of one of these approaches—“literati-physician medicine,” which held that only members of the elite could be proper physicians—that the Treatise on Cold Damage became central to medical thought and practice.
Literati physicians found the Treatise useful for a variety of reasons. In terms of their social relations, both within the clinical encounter and in broader society, it was a useful tool for arguing for their own superiority over their common physician competitors. In terms of their clinical doctrines, it provided a model by which to deal with what they saw as the central problem in medicine: the protean nature of illness. As long as that remained the central problematic of their medical tradition, the Treatise retained its central place. By the Yuan, literati physicians dominated all of literati medicine and ultimately all of textually based medicine, making the Treatise a central text for all physicians.
The history of the Treatise’s transformation into one of the most fundamental texts of the Chinese medical tradition is therefore rooted in the formation of literati medicine, and its struggle for both social legitimacy and clinical efficacy. The Treatise’s continued importance from the Yuan to modern times is the result of the survival of literati medicine for nearly one thousand years. In spite of many changes, modern Chinese medicine remains committed to a vision of illness as irreducibly complex and to an approach to cure—individualization of treatments—first learned from the Treatise on Cold Damage during the Song dynasty.Asian history, History of scienceseb2164East Asian Languages and CulturesDissertationsThe Emergence of the Randomized Controlled Trial: Origins to 1980https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:178246
Bothwell, Laurahttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8K072V0Thu, 09 Oct 2014 12:12:56 +0000In received biomedical research wisdom, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) revolutionized post-World War II health research. By blending statistical analysis with the testing of new procedures and interventions, RCTs have enabled investigators to circumvent the influence of a variety of biases on research outcomes so that the effectiveness of interventions can be ascertained with high levels of confidence. While extant literature addresses the epistemological history of RCTs from the scientific community's perspective, the history of public health would be significantly enhanced by a broader, more detailed consideration of social dimensions of RCTs. Similarly, while a plethora of bioethical literature has been written on RCTs and human subject research, we currently lack a historical analysis that considers ethical shifts over time as they relate to RCTs.
This dissertation describes the key political, economic, intellectual, and cultural events in the history of RCTs from their origins to 1980 and analyzes how these events influenced RCT norms. I describe the barriers to the implementation of RCTs throughout the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries--namely the dominance of individualistic ideologies in clinical research and an absence of governmental regulatory or funding structures to require or support RCTs. I then describe how large, multi-site RCTs grew out of a Cold War political environment that supported public investment in scientific structures; how post-WWII research regulations influenced the proliferation of RCTS in the US; how politics and regulations influenced shifts in the demographics of RCT research subjects; and how ethical norms changed over time through interaction with broader ethical shifts and governmental regulations.History of science, Ethics, Clinical trials, Medicine--Research, Clinical trials--Moral and ethical aspectslb2242Sociomedical SciencesDissertationsMaking it Count: Statistics and State-Society Relations in the Early People's Republic of China, 1949-1959https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:177233
Ghosh, Arunabhhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8TM78MQFri, 12 Sep 2014 12:18:35 +0000This dissertation offers new perspectives on China's transition to socialism by investigating a fundamental question--how did the state build capacity to know the nation through numbers? With the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949, jubilant Chinese revolutionaries were confronted by the dual challenge of a nearly nonexistent statistical infrastructure and the pressing need to escape the universalist claims of capitalist statistics. At stake for revolutionary statisticians and economists was a fundamental difficulty: how to accurately ascertain social scientific fact. Resolving this difficulty involved not just epistemological and theoretical debates on the unity or disunity of statistical science but also practical considerations surrounding state-capacity building. The resultant shift toward a socialist definition of statistics, achieved by explicitly following the Soviet Union's example, was instrumental in shaping new bureaus, designing statistical work, and training personnel. New classificatory schemes and methods of data collection also raised issues of authority and policy, ultimately not just remolding state-society relations but also informing new conceptions of everyday life and work. By the mid-1950s, however, growing disaffection with the efficacy of Soviet methods led the Chinese, in a surprising turn of events, to seek out Indian statisticians in an unprecedented instance of Chinese participation in South-South scientific exchange. At the heart of these exchanges was the desire to learn more about large-scale random sampling, an emergent statistical technology, which, while technically complex, held great practical salience for large countries like China and India.
"Making it Count" engages with and contributes to scholarship on the history of modern China and on the global and Cold War histories of science and social science. While the historiography on statistics and quantification has focused primarily on the early-modern and nineteenth century world, the dissertation brings this history into the twentieth century, when states, multi-national institutions, and private actors, regardless of their ideological hue, mobilized statistics on behalf of positivist social science and statecraft. By examining the collection and deployment of data, a process critical to the ambitions of the revolutionary PRC state but one that has largely been overlooked in the historical literature, the dissertation also provides an alternative account for a decade often portrayed as lurching from one mass campaign to another. Finally, the examination of the Sino-Indian statistical links reveals that pioneering innovation took place in many contexts after 1945 and challenges Cold War paradigms that are predisposed to assume the United States or the Soviet Union as the primary nodes from which scientific and other forms of modern knowledge emanated.History, History of scienceag2451History, East Asian Languages and CulturesDissertationsTechnology and/as Theory: Material Thinking in Ancient Science and Medicinehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:176982
Webster, Colinhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8J101B7Mon, 07 Jul 2014 12:00:29 +0000Multiple natural philosophers in antiquity proposed that nature possessed considerable technical skill. Yet, the specific conceptual implications of this assertion were quite different in fourth century BCE Athens--with its pots, bronze tools and cisterns--than in second century CE Rome--where large-scale aqueducts, elaborate water machines and extensive glassworks were commonplace. This dissertation assesses the impact that these different technological environments had on philosophical and scientific theories. In short, it argues that contemporary technologies shaped ancient philosophers' physical assumptions by providing cognitive tools with which to understand natural phenomena. As a result, as technologies evolved--even in relatively modest ways--so too did conceptual models of the natural world. To explore these assertions, this dissertation focuses on two main fields of explanation, the vascular system and vision, and includes investigations of such technologies as pipes, pumps, mirrors, wax tablets, diagrams and experimental apparatuses. It demonstrates the ways in which scientific theorists use the specific material technologies around them as heuristics to conceptualize physical processes.Classical studies, History of sciencecaw2126ClassicsDissertationsIntuition in Kant's Theoretical Epistemology: Content, Skepticism, and Idealismhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:172853
Gasdaglis, Katherinehttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D86H4FHPFri, 11 Apr 2014 16:05:29 +0000Kant famously wrote, "Thoughts without content are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind." The traditional reception of Kant understands this claim as a synopsis of his views about semantic content. On the one hand, according to this reading, our concepts and the thoughts they compose would be meaningless without perception, or "intuition," to verify them and thereby provide them with content; on the other, our perceptions would have no structure and would be of no cognitive use without concepts to direct them. Against the traditional reading, this dissertation argues that Kant's many claims about the necessary relations that run between intuitions and concepts are most fundamentally of epistemological rather than semantic significance. Kant's ultimate aim was to articulate the necessary conditions that must obtain for sensibility and understanding, intuitions and concepts, to cooperate in the pursuit of theoretical knowledge of the world. This interpretation is grounded on an analysis of three puzzles that arise around the function of intuition in his theoretical epistemology. The first puzzle arises for Kant's view of the nature of the content of perception. Is perception exhaustively conceptual in structure, or is it at all an independent representational faculty? According to Orthodox Conceptualism, Kant's central argument in the Transcendental Analytic entails that perception is conceptual. It is widely agreed that, in the Analytic, Kant aims to show that certain fundamental metaphysical concepts, called "categories," including the relation of cause and effect, genuinely apply to objects. Orthodox Conceptualism argues that the categories can only be shown to apply to objects if they necessarily structure our perception of objects. Against this orthodox reading, I argue that, in fact, the success of the Analytic presupposes a strong version of Non-Conceptualism. Orthodox Conceptualism saddles Kant with a kind of error theory of categorial judgments, by showing that the categories apply only to our mind's subjective organization of perceptual experience and not to the objects of that experience. Kant is and should be a non-conceptualist about perceptual content. The second puzzle arises when we consider Kant's postulate of actuality, which claims that perception provides necessary and sufficient justification for knowledge of the reality of things. Cartesian external world skepticism challenges this principle by, in part, appeal to an inferential model of perception. On that model we are only ever immediately aware of our own inner representations and then must infer the existence of things external to those inner states. If Descartes is right, then our knowledge of the external world will always be less certain than the knowledge we have of our own minds. How exactly does Kant mean to respond to this challenge and to what extent, if any, is it successful? Traditional interpretations of Kant's "Refutation" of Cartesian skepticism argue that even our knowledge of the temporal order of our own mental states, knowledge of the kind "I saw x, then saw y," depends on our possession of certain causal information about the things that caused those thoughts and which those thoughts are about, namely x and y. While I agree that Kant aims to argue that some form of self-knowledge, which Descartes thinks can be foundational for philosophy, is mediated by our knowledge of the external world, the traditional Causal Reading falls short in a variety of ways. Kant aimed to show that the capacity to have knowledge of our existence as a time-determinable self, in an objective empirical time, depends on our capacity to make true determinations about objects in space. Objects in space, according to Kant, must be used to fix the frames of reference in which empirical time-determinations can be made. So, if it is true that we can have objective knowledge of our own existence in time, then the objects in space that we use to ground those judgments must exist. If the Cartesian wishes to challenge the capacity to objectively determine even our own existence, then he leaves himself no philosophical ground to stand on, nor any way to move forward from the bare bones of his cogito. He also thereby transforms himself into an extreme skeptic. Although Kant cannot answer this extreme form of skepticism on its own terms, I argue that he has systematic resources for dismissing it as a real threat to theoretical philosophy. Extreme skepticism is nothing more than a subject's mere longing for a kind of perspective on her own cognitive situation that is in principle impossible for her to have, given the very nature of cognition. Such a perspective is what Kant would call "noumenal" and is therefore not a genuine question for theoretical reason. The third puzzle arises when we consider Kant's Transcendental Idealism in light of his claims that "noumena" are "merely logically possible." Noumena, by definition, are paradigmatic "empty" concepts, in Kant's sense, insofar as we can never experience them, and therefore have "no insight" into their real possibility. Nevertheless a core thesis of Kant's Transcendental Idealism is that the concept of noumena somehow epistemologically "limits" our empirical knowledge to the realm of "appearances," rather than "things in themselves." Now the puzzle arises: How can a mere empty concept, the object of which we cannot even say is really possible, set any kind of restriction on the scope of our empirical knowledge? I argue that the source of the puzzle lies in "metaphysical" interpretations of the distinction between phenomena and noumena, readings which distinguish either between two worlds with two kinds of objects, or between two kinds of property of one type of object. Dissolving the puzzle, I argue, requires adopting a strongly methodological reading of the distinction, according to which the phenomenal refers to that domain of metaphysical possibility into which we can legitimately inquire, and the noumenal to that space of mere logical possibilities that falls beyond. By distinguishing between the domains of legitimate metaphysically inquiry and metaphysical possibility per se, Kant can consistently demand a theoretical agnosticism about the real possibility of noumena while at the same time showing that the concept of noumena restricts the domain of empirical knowledge.Modern literature, European studies, History of scienceklg2113PhilosophyDissertationsBeyond the Material: Energy, Work and Movement in the Cultural Imagination of Restoration Spainhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:172850
Useche, Oscar Ivanhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8B8567DFri, 11 Apr 2014 15:59:10 +0000This dissertation examines how authors textually and semiotically appropriated the dynamics of industrialization to propose new interpretations of society. Through the analysis of the rhetorical use of three images central to industrial progress: energy, work, and movement, the study focuses in particular on the symbolic and material impact of the railroad and mining boom at the turn from nineteenth to twentieth century in Spain. Symbolically, the two phenomena contributed to the reformulation of social, political, and religious tensions. Materially, they generated new forms of perception by redefining notions of time and space. I suggest that these transformations produced a paradigm shift in the conceptualization of national identity by complicating the conditions of possibility through which authors attempted to reconcile past and present in the conflict-riddled ideological transition between the remnants of the Ancien Regime and the modern State. By reformulating the idea of Spanish national modernization as an uneven or incomplete process, this research demonstrates that the concepts of nation and identity are dynamic paradigms whose continual adjustments end up being resolved in the sphere of discourse.Modern literature, European studies, History of scienceoiu1Latin American and Iberian CulturesDissertationsBorderlands of Research: Medicine, Empire, and Sleeping Sickness in East Africa, 1902-1914https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:171924
Webel, Mari Kathrynhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8QR4V57Thu, 20 Mar 2014 16:53:07 +0000This dissertation is a history of sleeping sickness research work and prevention programs during the German colonial period in East Africa, focusing on the regions around Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika. It examines efforts to study and prevent sleeping sickness, analyzing how both fit into the social, political, and economic dynamics of African life. It covers two phases of German colonial attention to epidemic sleeping sickness between 1902 and 1914: an initial phase of research and scientific expeditions from 1902 to 1906, then a period dominated by the introduction of disease prevention measures in affected areas from 1907 to 1914.
Highlighting the local complexity and far-reaching impact of sleeping sickness, I show that sleeping sickness research and prevention emerged from the intersection of tropical medicine expertise, African mobility, and German colonial and African politics. Sleeping sickness, and subsequent efforts toward its treatment and prevention, redefined the boundaries of political power and social influence within African communities during a crucial period of change in the region. By creating new arenas of engagement between African communities and European scientists, specifically in newly-built sleeping sickness camps and among the African medical auxiliaries employed in them, sleeping sickness work created economic relationships, reshaped social and political hierarchies, and set new ground rules for African agriculture and trade. Kings, chiefs, and colonial scientists contended with African communities' demands for treatment, their resistance to examination, and their claims on the use of land and waterways. Further, inter-colonial sleeping sickness research and subsequent prevention programs played a pivotal role in the development of tropical medicine, strengthening disciplinary boundaries and defining the trajectory of future research. My work weaves together narratives of research and disease prevention from metropolitan Europe and East Africa, in contrast to strictly colonial and national histories of health and medicine that have preceded it.African history, History, History of sciencemkw2103HistoryDissertationsBalancing Blood, Balancing Books: Medicine, Commerce, and the Royal Court in Seventeenth-Century Englandhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:188906
Neuss, Michael Jameshttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8TQ60X3Mon, 16 Sep 2013 12:35:28 +0000This dissertation argues that the Williams Harvey's novel conceptualization of the circulation developed from a set of concerns and sensitivities that Harvey shared with merchants and courtiers, and that it emerged at the courts of King James and King Charles, alongside a new conceptualizations of commercial circulation. As a brother to merchants and a physician to kings during the commercial crises of the 1620s, Harvey was exposed to ways of thinking about circulation that he used to make sense of the disparate observations he made about the motion of the heart and blood. Harvey's famous quantitative argument, the thought experiment at the center of his conceptualization of the blood, was an exercise in accounting. Through a process of "reckoning," and "by laying of account," Harvey balanced blood like a merchant balances books, conceptualizing arterial and venous blood as fungible. Harvey showed that there was a recirculation of blood through the heart. Over time, these aspects of Harvey's circulation became easier to overlook; the Great Fire of 1666 destroyed the most tangible artifacts of Harvey's mercantile sociability, such as his fine Persian rugs or the collection of marvels contained in the library and museum that Harvey established at the College of Physicians of London. By situating Harvey among courtiers and royal patrons who were concerned with the circulation of cloths, dyestuffs, coin, and bullion, this dissertation aims to add to the burgeoning literature on the scientific revolution that posits a multitude of different scientific practitioners with diverse philosophical commitments and varied connections to other facets of early modern life, while stressing key conceptual changes in Harvey's thought.History, European history, History of sciencemjn2110HistoryDissertationsBook Review: A Vast Machine: Computer Models, Climate Data, and the Politics of Global Warminghttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:163602
Chen, Robert S.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:21172Thu, 25 Jul 2013 16:11:00 +0000For anyone interested in global warming or more generally in climate or weather issues, A Vast Machine by Paul Edwards is well worth a careful read. It provides an unusually broad and long-term view of the development of climate science and associated climate data, models, and information infrastructure, supplemented by useful figures and very detailed notes and references.Climate change, Environmental science, History of sciencersc32Center for International Earth Science Information NetworkReviewsBeyond the asylum: Colonial psychiatry in French Indochina, 1880-1940https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:188807
Edington, Claire Ellenhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8NS0T8CTue, 16 Jul 2013 15:49:26 +0000This dissertation looks beyond the asylum to consider the development of psychiatry in French Indochina as the product of everyday exchanges between lay people and experts. Drawing on archival research conducted over two years in Vietnam and France - including hundreds of patient case files - I trace the movements of patients in and out of asylums and between prisons, poor houses, youth reformatories, hospitals and family homes. Together, these individual patient itineraries challenge our notion of the colonial asylum as a closed setting where patients rarely left, run by experts who enjoyed broad and unquestioned authority. Instead, they reveal how ideas about what it meant to be abnormal, as well as normal enough to return to social life, were debated between psychiatrists, colonial authorities and the public throughout the early decades of twentieth century. By examining the dynamics of patient movements in and out of psychiatric care, this study shifts our perspective from the asylum itself to its relationship with the world beyond its walls. Colonial scholars have focused on the way psychiatry provided a new scientific discourse of racial difference and how it figured within a wider biopolitics of colonial rule. However the social histories of the asylums themselves, and how they functioned within colonial political systems, remain little explored. I argue that by situating the history of psychiatry within the local dynamics of colonial rule, the asylum emerges as less of a blunt instrument for the control and medicalization of colonial society than as a valuable historical site for reframing narratives of colonial repression and resistance.History, History of sciencecee2106Sociomedical SciencesDissertationsScientists and the Ethics of Cold War Weapons Researchhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:163656
Bridger, Sarahhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:20894Fri, 28 Jun 2013 14:28:35 +0000This dissertation examines scientists' views concerning the ethics of U.S. weapons research and military advising, through the changing politics and economy of the Cold War. After the development of the atomic bomb, the Manhattan Project generation of physicists posed a series of troubling ethical questions: To what extent are scientists responsible for the military applications of their work? What are the political obligations of technical experts? What are the ideal relations among academia, industry, and the military? During the post-Sputnik science boom, many elite physicists used their policy influence to encourage government support for scientific research and to secure stronger arms control measures, an effort that culminated in the ratification of the Partial Test Ban Treaty in 1963. But after the enthusiastic expansion of science advising in the late 1950s, the war in Vietnam sorely tested scientists' support for weapons research and government work. Key controversies that elicited substantial ethical debate included the use of chemical defoliants and gases in Vietnam and the participation of the secretive Jason scientists in developing an electronic barrier to prevent North Vietnamese incursions into South Vietnam. By the end of the decade, campuses and professional societies were riven by clashes over defense contracting and academic "neutrality" in the context of the war in Vietnam. Whereas ethical debates in the aftermath of the Manhattan Project tended to be framed in individualist terms, the controversies of the late 1960s and early 1970s took place on the much larger scale of governments and institutions. The upheaval produced some changes in university contracting policies, but with ambiguous results, and the public disaffection of some top scientists led the Nixon administration to dismantle the entire Eisenhower-era presidential science advisory system. The ethical debates of the Vietnam era cast a long shadow, shifting popular attitudes toward science and heavily influencing the character of scientists' opposition to the Strategic Defense Initiative during the 1980s.American history, History of sciencesb2278HistoryDissertationsPlates, planets, and phase changes: 50 years of petrologyhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:162574
Walker, Davidhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:20816Wed, 19 Jun 2013 17:47:57 +0000Three advances of the previous half-century fundamentally altered petrology, along with the rest of the Earth sciences. Planetary exploration, plate tectonics, and a plethora of new tools all changed the way we understand, and the way we explore, our natural world. And yet the same large questions in petrology remain the same large questions. We now have more information and understanding, but we still wish to know the following. How do we account for the variety of rock types that are found? What does the variety and distribution of these materials in time and space tell us? Have there been secular changes to these patterns, and are there future implications? This review examines these bigger questions in the context of our new understandings and suggests the extent to which these questions have been answered. We now do know how the early evolution of planets can proceed from examples other than Earth, how the broad rock cycle of the present plate tectonic regime of Earth works, how the lithosphere atmosphere hydrosphere and biosphere have some connections to each other, and how our resources depend on all these things. We have learned that small planets, whose early histories have not been erased, go through a wholesale igneous processing essentially coeval with their formation. By inference, this also happened to Earth. The early differentiation on a small planet produces observable basaltic rock types—and produces little else besides a residue and a planetary core. In contrast, the larger Earth’s preservation of its original differentiation products has been eroded by continued activity which still involves extensive basaltic volcanism with further reprocessing through plate tectonic cycles to form continents and cratons. We also now have a good understanding of the pressure-induced phase changes that are responsible for the Earth’s mantle’s seismic layered structure. It is unclear the extent to which this layered seismic structure corresponds to chemical layering as well as to mineralogical layering. Earth’s transition zone, lower, and upper mantles may not have the same composition. It is possible that still larger exoplanets might be expected to develop additional modes of activity with emphasis on additional phase changes producing more internal layering and differentiation.Petrology, History of science, Plate tectonics, Planetologydw4Earth and Environmental SciencesArticlesSpaces of the Ear: Literature, Media, and the Science of Sound, 1870-1930https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:161522
Whitney, Tylerhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:20396Wed, 22 May 2013 13:18:12 +0000Spaces of the Ear examines the concomitant emergence of new forms of acoustical embodiment across the diverse fields of literature and science in the historical period beginning with the Franco-Prussian War and ending with the introduction of early information theory in the late 1920s. In opposition to popular accounts of changes in listening practices around 1900, which typically take the disembodied voices of new media such as the phonograph and radio as true markers of acoustical modernity, the dissertation emphasizes the proliferation of new modes of embodied listening made possible by the explosion of urban and industrial noise, contemporary media technologies, the threat of auditory surveillance, and the imposition of self-observational and self-disciplinary practices as constitutive of artistic, scientific, and everyday life. In doing so, I show how distinct elements of modern soundscapes and corresponding techniques of listening informed both the key thematic and formal elements of literary modernism. In particular, I argue that modernism's often-cited narrative self-reflexivity drew on conceptions of a uniquely embodied listener and the newfound audibility of the body, and overlapped with contemporaneous scientific knowledge surrounding the physiology of the ear and the role of the body in the perception of sound. Chapter 1 focuses on the role of non-literary discourse on urban noise and the cacophony of the modern battlefield in formal developments central to late nineteenth-century literary aesthetics, taking the largely forgotten Austrian impressionist Peter Altenberg as my primary case study. In Chapter 2 I analyze the ways in which Franz Kafka appropriated elements of the modern soundscape and, in particular, ontological disorders common to the factory worker, in conceptualizing the mechanisms of the modern legal system and its epistemological and perceptual effects on its subjects. Chapter 3 again focuses on works by Kafka, this time juxtaposing scientific practices of self-observation within acoustical research with Kafka's literal and metaphorical figurations of self-auscultation and its function as a narrative strategy in "The Burrow" (1923/24). Chapters 4 and 5 sketch out a competing conception of hearing within Gestalt psychology, early stereophonic sound experiments, and literary texts by Robert Musil, which portray the modern listener as surprisingly active and confident in deciphering and navigating an increasingly complex auditory environment. In the process, the site of acoustical embodiment is displaced from the side of the subject to that of the object, engendering notions of "auditory things (Hördinge)" with physical, corporeal properties, which can be traced through space as three-dimensional entities. In the final chapter, I situate the effacement of the listener's body and simultaneous foregrounding of `auditory things' in Musil's novella, "The Blackbird (1928), against the backdrop of early information theory and non-corporeal notions of Rauschen (noise, rustling, static).Germanic literature, History of sciencetrw2105Germanic Languages and LiteraturesDissertationsSi' come dice lo Filosofo: Translating Philosophy in the Early Italian Lyrichttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:161412
Kumar, Akashhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:20381Mon, 20 May 2013 15:52:17 +0000This study pushes back to the origins of the Italian lyric tradition in order to demonstrate that the impulse to distill the highest levels of intellectual culture into the vernacular love lyric was present from the very inception of the poetic vernacular. I aim to nuance our understanding of the divide between the early schools of poetry as determined by Dante in his role as a literary historian by analyzing early experiments in vulgarizing philosophy and science in the lyric production of Giacomo da Lentini, Guido delle Colonne, Guittone d'Arezzo, and Guido Guinizzelli. By isolating both formal elements of Scholastic argumentation and complex renderings of philosophical/scientific ideas, I develop a broad understanding of the early vernacular poetic engagement with Aristotelian philosophy that encompasses such areas as sensory perception, meteorology, and ethics. I trace the progression of this engagement from its Sicilian beginnings to the poetry of Guido Guinizzelli that is informed by the university culture of Bologna and posit that this early lyric form of vernacular humanism has profound implications for Dante's poetic identity as well as the development of a vernacular intellectual identity that feeds in to such developments as Humanism and the Scientific Revolution.Literature, Philosophy, History of scienceak2610ItalianDissertationsFrom Sin to Science: The Cancer Revolution of the Nineteenth Centuryhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:159474
Koblenz, Lawrencehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19833Fri, 19 Apr 2013 15:00:49 +0000This dissertation analyzes the critical importance of the late nineteenth century to the development of a novel, radical approach to cancer that continues into the twenty-first century. From the 1870s to the 1890s, physicians and the public came to understand cancer in an entirely new light, founded upon the application of scientific principles, methods, and instruments to cancer medicine as well as upon a major change in the social perception of the disease. Cancer as it was conceptualized, diagnosed, and treated prior to this revolutionary transformation will be explored. The birth of cellular pathology will set the stage for the transition of cancer from a macroscopic, eponymous malady to a microscopic, cellular disease. The founding of an institution devoted solely to the care of cancer patients and the investigation of the disease will illustrate how societal beliefs, combined with personal tragedy, philanthropy, and medical expertise, legitimized the disease and fostered cancer research. The histories of the cancers of two Presidents of the United States, Ulysses S. Grant and Grover Cleveland, who were diagnosed with the disease only nine years apart during these critical years, will be compared and contrasted for the insights they provide on this great transformation. The scientific underpinnings of these changes will be examined from their roots in physics, chemistry, and biology to their applications in microscopy, anesthesia, and antisepsis. Modern cancer will be shown to be based firmly on the medical microscope and the advent of scientific surgery that occurred in the late nineteenth century.History of science, American history, Historylwk3HistoryDissertations“Ingenuous Investigators”: Antonio Vallisneri’s Correspondents and the
Making of Natural Knowledge in 18th-century Italyhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:158565
Dal Prete, Ivanohttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:19541Fri, 29 Mar 2013 12:21:39 +0000In the last two centuries, science has been regarded as the most important agent of change and progress in our society. The narrative of how and why it came to be such a commanding force contributed powerfully to this perception. The rise of modern science has long been portrayed as the triumph of human reason over superstition and authority; its history, a gallery adorned with the images of heroes like Copernicus, Galileo or Darwin who upheld self-evident facts against the prejudices of their times; experimental results and the laws of nature, the only objective “truths” that human beings could attain and agree upon. This narrative still largely informs popular views of the scientific enterprise; yet, the image of science as a disinterested pursuit of truth has come increasingly under question during the last decades, to the point that mistrust of science as a source of objectivie knowledge is considered a defining feature of postmodernity. The history of science as an academic discipline has long participated in this trend,1 but it was not until the 1980s that it ceased to identify with the development of ideas and theories, as formulated by the most illustrious scientists. In their influential 1985 book Leviathan and the Air Pump, Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer argued that experimental results ultimately represent no more than social constructions, negotiated according to the conventions that regulate the acknowledgement of authority and credibility.2 A few years later, Mario Biagioli sought to explain part of Galileo’s scientific activity (and even his trial) in terms of the courtly culture and values of his time.3Philosophy of science, History of scienceItalian AcademyDissertationsGalileo and the Roman Curia: modern science and Catholic Reformation
c. 1610–1700https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:153419
Favino, Federicahttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:14928Fri, 12 Oct 2012 17:12:19 +0000As a result of the impressive mass of studies on Early Modern Rome edited in the past three decades, the city of the Pope cannot be conceived anymore as tout court coincident with "the Church": it was instead the site of many different centers of production and consumption of culture, like courts of cardinals, colleges, academies, seminars and head-quarters of religious orders, as recent works clearly demonstrate. Nor can "the Church" anymore be abstractly conceived as a monolith: it was instead (like it still is) the result of a plurality of different institutions and powers (papal families and clients, congregations, law courts, religious orders etc.) in most cases competing one against the other. These recent achievements urge historians of science to reopen the "science and religion" issue, but now in order to inquire the political role played by those bites of scientific knowledge which challenged the Tridentine theological "Science" (e.g. heliocentrism, atomism, but also geology, paleontology, spontaneous generation. . . .) within the polymorphous body of the Church, rather than out or against it.Religious history, History of scienceItalian AcademyWorking papersDead Bodies and Forensic Science: Cultures of Expertise in China, 1800-1949https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:147620
Asen, Danielhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:13416Wed, 06 Jun 2012 14:37:52 +0000In late imperial China the forensic examination of dead bodies in homicide cases was a sophisticated field of technical practice which developed through the collaboration of coroners, legal specialists, and literati-officials. After the fall of the Qing empire (1644-1911), successive governments of the Republican period (1912-1949) adopted the late imperial state's technologies of forensic examination in their attempts to institute a modern court system. This dissertation investigates the process through which modern police, coroners, legal officials, laboratory scientists, and urban publics debated, reimagined, and ultimately accepted this long-standing field of technical practice as a foundation for the modern Chinese state and its legal order. The first half of this dissertation examines the forensic practices of the Qing empire and the ways in which they were integrated into Republican statecraft after 1912. Chapters One and Two argue that the late imperial bureaucracy successfully implemented a centralized system of forensic examination that shaped the ways in which coroners and local officials throughout the empire inspected dead bodies, analyzed causes of death, and documented their findings. Relying on the wide distribution of minimal amounts of forensic knowledge and skill, this arrangement made possible high degrees of consistency in examination practices while facilitating central authorities' bureaucratic supervision over local forensic cases. While the "expertise" of individual coroners could become important under certain circumstances, it was not necessary for the legitimation of forensic evidence or knowledge in routine homicide cases. Rather, the bureaucracy expected that officials and coroners would simply follow official procedure, a way of legitimating inquest findings that could be used effectively across local jurisdictions despite uneven levels of forensic knowledge and skill among local officials and coroners. Chapters Three and Four turn to the important role that these forensic practices played in Republican Beijing for the dual projects of administering the city and constructing a modern court system. Through a case study of the forensic work of police, coroners, and judicial officials in the city and around north China, these chapters argue that by adopting the bureaucratized examination practices of the late imperial state, the Republican court system facilitated modern procurators' professional jurisdiction over a crucial area of the administration of justice while facilitating the integration of forensic evidence and judicial investigation. It is in this sense that coroners and their forensic practices came to play a crucial role in the emergence of a modern legal order. The second half of the dissertation explores the ways in which new conceptions and practices of scientific expertise were reconciled with the older, yet still authoritative, practices of late imperial forensics. Chapter Five explores the ways in which a new discourse of professional knowledge and expertise based on conceptual distinctions between "experience" and "theory" led to a complex reconceptualization of the epistemological status of late imperial forensic knowledge. While this new discourse served to legitimate new forms of forensic expertise based on scientific medicine, it also provided coroners and others invested in late imperial forensic practices with possibilities for reimagining older conceptions of knowledge in new, epistemologically authoritative ways. Chapters Six and Seven turn to the ways in which anatomic-pathological dissection and laboratory science were integrated into the forensic investigation of deaths in Republican judicial practice. Chapter Six argues that the implementation of forensic autopsies in Republican Shanghai and, to a lesser extent, Beijing did not in fact challenge judicial officials' and coroners' professional authority over the forensic inspection of dead bodies. Chapter Seven examines the ways in which a new community of medico-legal scientists in 1930s Shanghai and Beijing attempted to extend their forensic expertise from the laboratory into local courtrooms. By tracing the itineraries of the physical evidence examined in the first medico-legal laboratories, this chapter shows that the local coroners who collected the evidence for testing played a crucial role in the establishment of legal medicine in China. Chapter Eight turns to the ways in which coroners themselves made use of modern science to legitimize their own, older forensic practices. By exploring the ways in which legal officials, coroners, and medico-legal scientists made use of popularized science in their attempts to update late imperial forensic practices, this chapter demonstrates that "science" had diverse meanings, could legitimate disparate forms of knowledge and expertise, and could support different professional causes - not simply that of professional legal medicine. Far from passive objects of forensic examination, the dead bodies that populate this dissertation are active agents: they challenged examiners with mysterious wounds, ambiguous anatomy, or the tendency to decay away along with the evidence. As sensational objects of media coverage or simply reminders of the unjustly dead, the cultural and social meanings of corpses influenced the actions of those who examined them, demonstrating in the process the dialogue that science always maintains with culture and society. By foregrounding the ways in which "experts" of all kinds engaged with the material challenges and legal and cultural meanings of the dead body, this study demonstrates the dynamic interrelatedness, or co-production, of experts and objects of expertise, of social power and natural knowledge, and of statecraft and science.Asian history, History of science, World historydsa2108History, East Asian Languages and CulturesDissertationsA Comparative Study of Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī's Texts and Models on the Configuration of the Heavenshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:141539
Niazi, Kaveh Farzadhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:11758Wed, 09 Nov 2011 09:52:47 +0000This dissertation analyzes the astronomical writings of Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī, a well-known Persian scholar of the Ilkhanid era (i.e., the second half of the thirteenth century to the early decades of the fourteenth century C. E.). The sustained attempts, by scientists of the Islamic world to rid Ptolemaic astronomy from what they considered its many non-physical characteristics was the driving force of the particularly productive genre of hay'a or the science of the configuration of the universe. All three of Shīrāzī's works that are studied in this thesis belong to this genre of astronomical writing. These works are the Nihāyat al-idrāk fī dirāyat al-aflāk (1281 C. E.), al-Tuḥfa al-shāhīya fī ‘ilm al-hay'a (1285 C. E.), and the Ikhtīyārāt-i Muẓaffarī. This thesis highlights Shīrāzī's models for the upper planets, and their evolution over the period 1281 to 1285 C. E. A careful look at the models for the upper planets allows for a clearer view of the distinctions between these three substantial works and their relations to one another. In particular this study allows us to date the Ikhtīyārāt-I Muẓaffarī to the same period as the Nihāyat al-idrāk fī dirāyat al-aflāk, i.e., c. 1281 C. E. In the thesis I discuss, as well, the reasons for Shīrāzī's choice of language for the Ikhtīyārāt-I Muẓaffarī, which was written in Persian (unlike the other two that were written in the lingua franca of Islamic science and scholarship, Arabic). This thesis demonstrates, as well, that the Ikhtīyārāt-I Muẓaffarī was a scientific work of the same technical sophistication as the other two works listed.History of science, Near Eastern studies, HistoryMiddle Eastern, South Asian, and African StudiesDissertationsThe young and the restless : scientific institutions in the late 17th and early 18th centuryhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:130572
Boschiero, Lucianohttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10095Thu, 31 Mar 2011 10:20:25 +0000History of science, European historyItalian AcademyWorking papersForms of transmission of anatomical knowledge in the age of Leonardo, Michelangelo and Vesaliushttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:130485
Laurenza, Domenicohttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10066Tue, 29 Mar 2011 15:23:34 +0000History of science, European history, Art historyItalian AcademyWorking papersSpanish physicians in Rome between the Renaissance and the Counter-Reformation : protagonists, practices and the circulation of knowledge (1492-1598)https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:130399
Andretta, Elisahttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10038Fri, 25 Mar 2011 15:30:17 +0000History of science, European historyItalian AcademyWorking papersConsumption, silicosis, and the social construction of industrial diseasehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:130335
Rosner, David K.; Markowitz, Gerald E.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10022Thu, 24 Mar 2011 14:48:37 +0000In the wake of the bacterial revolution after Robert Koch identified the tuberculosis bacillus, medical and public health professionals classified the various forms of consumption and phthisis as a single disease--tuberculosis. In large measure, historians have adopted that perspective. While there is undoubtedly a great deal of truth in this conceptualization, we argue that it obscures almost as much as it illuminates. By collapsing the nineteenth-century terms phthisis and consumption into tuberculosis, we maintain that historians have not understood the effect of non-bacterial consumption on working-class populations who suffered from the symptoms of coughing, wasting away, and losing weight. In this essay, we explore how, in the nineteenth century, what we now recognize as silicosis was referred to as miners' "con," stonecutters' phthisis, and other industry-specific forms of phthisis and consumption. We examine how the later and narrower view of the bacterial origins of tuberculosis limited the medical professions' ability to diagnose and understand diseases caused by industrial dust. This paper explores the contention that developed at the turn of the century over occupational lung disease and tuberculosis and the circumstances that led to the unmasking of silicosis as a disease category.Occupational health, History of sciencedr289, gem67Center for the History and Ethics of Public HealthArticlesLeprosy, domesticity, and patient protest : the social context of a patients' rights movement in mid-century Americahttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:130320
Fairchild, Amy L.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10017Wed, 23 Mar 2011 19:17:26 +0000History of science, Public healthalf4Center for the History and Ethics of Public HealthArticles"Science in a democracy" : the contested status of vaccination in the Progressive Era and the 1920shttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:130332
Colgrove, James K.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10021Wed, 23 Mar 2011 16:20:52 +0000In the first decades of the twentieth century, a heterogeneous assortment of groups and individuals articulated scientific, political, and philosophical objections to vaccination. They engaged in an ongoing battle for public opinion with medical and scientific elites, who responded with their own counterpropaganda. These ideological struggles reflected fear that scientific advances were being put to coercive uses and that institutions of the state and civil society were increasingly expanding into previously private realms of decision making, especially child rearing. This essay analyzes the motivations and tactics of antivaccination activists and situates their actions within the scientific and social climate of the Progressive Era and the 1920s. Their actions reveal how citizens of varied ideological persuasions, activists and nonactivists alike, viewed scientific knowledge during a period of swift and unsettling change, when the application of biologic products seemed to hold peril as well as promise.History of science, Public healthjc988Sociomedical Sciences, Center for the History and Ethics of Public HealthArticlesLast-ditch medical therapy : revisiting lobotomyhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:130326
Lerner, Barron H.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10019Wed, 23 Mar 2011 15:55:36 +0000Desperate times call for desperate measures. So thought Walter J. Freeman, a neurologist who became the United States's staunchest advocate of the lobotomy between the 1930s and the 1970s. A new book, The Lobotomist, by journalist Jack El-Hai,1 chronicles Freeman's advocacy of a procedure that was viewed by many, and continues to be viewed, as barbaric. In exploring the ways in which lobotomy became part of common medical practice, El-Hai raises questions not only about how we should judge the procedure in retrospect, but also about what lobotomy teaches us about last-ditch medical interventions.History of science, Public healthbhl5Medicine, Sociomedical Sciences, Center for the History and Ethics of Public HealthArticlesApes, essences, and races: What natural scientists believed about human variation, 1700-1900https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:113664
O'Flaherty, Brendan Andrew; Shapiro, Jill S.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:396Tue, 22 Mar 2011 11:08:47 +0000Scientific views on human variation and the relationship between humans and apes changed dramatically between 1700-1900. This paper traces the history of those changes from an initial consensus on the homogeneity of man and on casual models tied to environmental contrasts to the turn of the 20th century when "race was everything". Over the course of these two centuries new sciences were born and matured and vast quantities of data were collected, generated and digested. Yet, paradoxically, while the overwhelming majority of data indicated that discrete interpopulational contrasts among humans were elusive, the broader social constructs, likely among them economics, would rely on a scientific foundation that viewed the differences as innate and fixed. By the turn of the twentieth century Europeans and European-Americans would explain their economic and military superiority in biological terms, even if contradicted by the data. Through an analysis of changing perspectives on the key underlying constructs of essentialism, fixity and ranking, we try to understand these shifting views on the nature of human variation.History of science, Evolution and developmentbo2, jss19Economics, Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyWorking papersEdward Gilbert Abbott: Patient at the ether demonstrationhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128698
Vandam, Leroy D.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9574Wed, 01 Sep 2010 12:13:55 +0000History of science, MedicineLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsFlexner and the establishment of the Medical Centerhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128695
Tapley, Donald F.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9573Wed, 01 Sep 2010 12:10:03 +0000History of science, Science educationLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsYankee Doodle doctors: Medical care of the Revolutionary Warhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128692
Stark, Richard Boieshttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9572Wed, 01 Sep 2010 12:05:52 +0000History of science, Medicine, American historyLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsRichard Morton: Limner of anorexia nervosahttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128689
Silverman, Joseph A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9571Wed, 01 Sep 2010 11:56:26 +0000History of science, MedicineLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsMalignant hyperthermia, then and nowhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128686
Ryan, John F.; Kalow, Wernerhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9570Wed, 01 Sep 2010 10:47:22 +0000History of science, MedicineLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsThe unwelcome intruder: Freud's struggle with cancerhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128683
Romm, Sharonhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9569Wed, 01 Sep 2010 10:41:54 +0000History of science, MedicineLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsColumbia's overseas venture: The School of Tropical Medicine at the University of Puerto Ricohttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128680
Ramirez de Arellano, Annette B.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9568Wed, 01 Sep 2010 10:37:33 +0000History of science, Science educationLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsEscape of the Geniehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128677
Nahas, Gabriel G.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9567Wed, 01 Sep 2010 10:30:09 +0000Use of cannabis (hashish) in Egypt as an intoxicant was first reported in the 11th century, more than 500 years after the death of the prophet Mohamed (A.D. 615), when Islam had already reached the apogee of its power. During succeeding centuries consumption of this drug had become ingrained among the people in spite of repeated attempts by the rulers of the country to curtail its spread.History of science, MedicineAnesthesiology, Long Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsHospitals and leper houses in the Latin west during the Middle Ageshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128674
Mundy, John Hinehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9566Wed, 01 Sep 2010 10:21:40 +0000History of science, Medicine, Medieval historyLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsChild victims in history: Chimney sweeps and the castratihttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128671
Melicow, Meyerhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9565Wed, 01 Sep 2010 10:14:36 +0000History of science, MedicineLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsScalping: The savage and the surgeonhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128668
McGrath, Mary H.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9564Wed, 01 Sep 2010 10:05:11 +0000History of science, MedicineLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsReminiscence and perspectivehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128665
Marks, Paul A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9563Wed, 01 Sep 2010 09:48:11 +0000This lecture presents the history of the building of the Julius and Armand Hammer Health Sciences Center at Columbia University Medical Center.History of science, Science educationLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsChanging dental images from stone tablets to comic stripshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128662
Mandel, Irwin D.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9562Wed, 01 Sep 2010 09:43:47 +0000History of science, DentistryLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsViews of caries over the ageshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128659
Mandel, Irwin D.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9561Wed, 01 Sep 2010 09:31:00 +0000History of science, DentistryLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsHistory of anaesthesiahttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128656
Hyman, Allen A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9560Tue, 31 Aug 2010 16:44:48 +0000History of science, MedicineLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsWhen medicine first became "hot news": The New York press on Pasteur's triumph over rabieshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128653
Hansen, Berthttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9559Tue, 31 Aug 2010 16:30:46 +0000History of science, Medicine, ImmunologyLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsMaternity and modernity: German women doctors between the wars--from Berlin to New Yorkhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128650
Grossmann, Atinahttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9558Tue, 31 Aug 2010 16:20:20 +0000History of science, Medicine, Women's studiesLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsRobert Neumannhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128647
Gold, Steven I.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9557Tue, 31 Aug 2010 16:12:10 +0000History of science, DentistryLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsOrton collection presentationhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128644
Geshwind, Normanhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9556Tue, 31 Aug 2010 15:58:51 +0000History of science, Speech therapyLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsIn the quest of caring for the injuredhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128641
Duke, James H.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9555Tue, 31 Aug 2010 15:53:08 +0000History of science, MedicineLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsThe history of artificial organshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128638
Dobelle, William H.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9554Tue, 31 Aug 2010 15:01:49 +0000History of science, MedicineLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsNew Orleans surgeons of the early 19th centuryhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128635
Colon, Gustavo A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9553Tue, 31 Aug 2010 14:51:46 +0000History of science, SurgeryLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsConfessions of an anesthesia museum addicthttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128632
Calverley, Roderickhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9552Tue, 31 Aug 2010 09:46:48 +0000History of science, MedicineLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsMedieval bones, banquets and baths: Orthopedics and nutritionhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128629
Cosman, Madeleine Pelnerhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9551Mon, 30 Aug 2010 16:40:39 +0000History of science, Medicine, Medieval historyLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsSeventeenth century denigration of Tagliacozzihttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128626
Cosman, Bardhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9550Mon, 30 Aug 2010 16:32:36 +0000History of science, SurgeryLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsPlastic surgeons: The white knightshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128614
Chiu, David T. W.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9548Mon, 30 Aug 2010 15:23:58 +0000History of science, SurgeryLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentationsOral and maxillofacial surgery in the USA during the past hundred yearshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:128619
Alling, Charles C.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9549Mon, 30 Aug 2010 13:00:32 +0000History of science, DentistryLong Health Sciences LibraryPresentations