Cardinal Eduardo Martínez Somalo, Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, was born on March 31, 1927, in a small town of Baños de Rio Tobia, province of Rioja and diocese of Calahorra y La Calzada-Logrono. After having attended the diocesan seminary, he was invited to Rome to continue his ecclesiastical studies at the Pontifical Spanish College and at the Pontifical Gregorian University, obtaining a licentiate in theology and in canon law.

Ordained a priest on March 19, 1950, he carried out his pastoral ministry in his native diocese. He was then sent to Rome, once again, to attend courses at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy and to prepare himself to serve as pontifical representative of the Holy See. Receiving on August 18, 1956 a doctorate in canon law from the Pontifical Lateran University with a thesis on the Spanish concordat of 1953 in the light of its first two articles, he entered the Secretariat of State.

The following year he was promoted to secretary of the nunciature and nominated professor at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy. Being responsible for the Spanish section of the Secretariat of State, he accompanied Pope Montini to Colombia from August 22-25, 1968 on the occasion of the 39th Eucharistic International Congress.

Two years later, April 25, 1970, he was nominated counsellor of the apostolic delegation to Great Britain. But his distance from Rome lasted only a few months. On May 14, 1970 he was nominated Prelate of Honour of the His Holiness, on 9 October that same year he was recalled to the Vatican as Assessor of the Secretariat of State and therefore direct collaborator of the then substitute of the Secretariat of State, Archbishop Giovanni Benelli. During this entire period Mons. Martínez Somalo, even with his commitments, carried out an intense pastoral ministry, dedicating himself in a particular way to the world of the suffering.

On November 12, 1975, Paul VI elected him titular Archbishop of Tagora, at the same time nominating him Apostolic Nuncio in Colombia. Cardinal Jean Villot, the then Secretary of State, conferred episcopal ordination on December 13, of the same year, during a solemn Eucharistic celebration in St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican.

About four years as pontifical representative, John Paul II nominated him on May 5, 1979 Substitute of the Secretariat of State, a position which he held until he was made a Cardinal. Tireless in his faithful service to the See of Peter, Archbishop Martínez Somalo was always beside John Paul II during his numerous apostolic pilgrimages in Italy and in the world.

President Delegate to the 1st Special Assembly for Europe of the Synod of Bishops (1991).

President Delegate to the 9th General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops on Consecrated Life (1994).

Prefect of the Congregation of Divine Worship and Sacraments, July 1, 1988 - January 21, 1992.

Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, January 21, 1992-February 11, 2004.

Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, April 5, 1993 - April 4, 2007.

Created and proclaimed Cardinal by John Paul II in the consistory of June 28, 1988, of the Title of SS. Nome di Gesù (Most Holy Name of Jesus), deaconry elevated pro hac vice to presbyteral title. He was then named Cardinal-Priest of Santissimo Nome di Gesù on January 9, 1999, and was installed June 4, 2000.