Alternative Names

Causes

The exact cause of gastroparesis is unknown. It may be caused by a disruption of nerve signals to the stomach. The condition is a common complication of diabetes. It can also follow some surgeries.

Risk factors for gastroparesis include:

Diabetes

Gastrectomy (surgery to remove part of the stomach)

Systemic sclerosis

Use of medicine that blocks certain nerve signals (anticholinergic medicine)

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

Abdominal distention

Hypoglycemia (in people with diabetes)

Nausea

Premature abdominal fullness after meals

Weight loss without trying

Vomiting

Abdominal pain

Exams and Tests

Tests you may need include:

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Gastric emptying study (using isotope labeling)

Upper GI series

Treatment

People with diabetes should always control their blood sugar levels. Better control of blood sugar level may improve symptoms of gastroparesis. Eating small and more frequent meals and soft foods may also help relieve some symptoms.

Medicines that may help include:

Cholinergic drugs, which act on acetylcholine nerve receptors

Erythromycin

Metoclopramide, a medicine that helps empty the stomach

Serotonin antagonist drugs, which act on serotonin receptors

Other treatments may include:

Botulinum toxin (Botox) injected into the outlet of the stomach (pylorus)

Surgical procedure that creates an opening between the stomach and small intestine to allow food to move through the digestive tract more easily (gastroenterostomy)

Outlook (Prognosis)

Many treatments seem to provide only temporary benefit.

Possible Complications

Ongoing nausea and vomiting may cause:

Dehydration

Electrolyte imbalances

Malnutrition

People with diabetes may have serious complications from poor blood sugar control.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Changes in your diet may help control symptoms. Call your health care provider if symptoms continue or if you have new symptoms.

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