January 13th Deaths (Here)January 13th Events:1294 – Saint Celestine V resigns the papacy after only 5 months, hoping to return to being an ascetic hermit.1545 – Council of Trent begins.1577 – Sir Francis Drake leaves from Plymouth, England, on his round-the-world voyage.1636 – The Massachusetts Bay Colony (future United States National Guard founders) organizes 3 militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians.1642 – Abel Janszoon Tasman reaches New Zealand.1643 – The Battle of Alton takes place in Hampshire (English Civil War).1769 – Dartmouth College is founded by the Rev. Eleazar Wheelock, with a Royal Charter from King George III.1809 – Dr. Ephraim McDowell performed the 1st ovariotomy, removing a 22 pound tumor.1862 – Battle of Fredericksburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee defeats the Union Major General Ambrose E. Burnside (American Civil War).1867 – Fenian bomb explodes in Clerkenwell, London.1937 – Battle of Nanjing – Nanjing, defended by the National Revolutionary Army under the command of General Tang Shengzhi, falls to the Japanese (Second Sino-Japanese War).1937 – Nanjing Massacre - Japanese troops begin raping & killing of civilians & suspected Chinese resistance after the fall of Nanjing.1938 – The Neuengamme concentration camp opens in the Bergedorf district of Hamburg, Germany (The Holocaust).1939 – World War II - Battle of the River Plate.1941 – World War II - Hungary & Romania declare war on the United States.1943 – World War II - The Massacre of Kalavryta by German occupying forces in Greece.1949 – The Knesset votes to move the capital of Israel to Jerusalem.1959 – Archbishop Makarios becomes the first President of Cyprus.1962 – NASA "Relay 1" launch, first active repeater communications satellite in orbit.1967 – Constantine II of Greece attempts an unsuccessful counter-coup against the Regime of the Colonels1968 – Brazilian president Artur da Costa e Silva decrees the AI-5 (or the fifth Institutional Act), which lasts until 1978.1972 – Apollo program - Eugene Cernan & Harrison Schmitt begin the 3rd & final Moonwalk of Apollo 17.1974 – Malta becomes a republic.1979 – The Canadian Government of Prime Minister Joe Clark is defeated in the House of Commons, prompting the 1980 Canadian election.1981 – General Wojciech Jaruzelski declares martial law in Poland to prevent dismantling of the communist system by Solidarity.1988 – Palestinian Leader Yasser Arafat gives a speech at the UN general assembly in the Austrian city of Geneva.1989 – Attack on Derryard checkpoint: The Provisional IRA attack a British Army permanent vehicle checkpoint near Rosslea, Northern Ireland.2001 – Indian Parliament Sansad is attacked by terrorists.2002 – European Union enlarged - Announced that Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, & Slovenia will become members from May 1, 2004.2003 – Saddam Hussein is captured near his home town of Tikrit (Operation Red Dawn).2004 – General Augusto Pinochet (former Chilean dictator) placed under house arrest following accusations of kidnapping & manslaughter; house arrest is lifted the same day on appeal.2006 – The Baiji (Chinese River Dolphin) is announced as extinct.