Biennial Reports of the Penitentiary Board and Superintendent of the Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville Texas with Reports of Physician and Chaplain; November 1, 1880 to October 31, 1882

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REPORTS
OF THE
ENDENT AND FIN ANCIAL AGENT
OF THE
r.ATE PENITENTIARIES,
E)[BOlJYING
TG~OF THE PE.:"i'lTE~TTL\'H.YB(HRD, ASD ~T.\-
~'D FJX.\.XCL\.L EXlllBlTS: .\.1.80 REPORTS
~~~=!ORDIXATE OFFICERS OF THE TEX.~8
~ STATE PEXITE~~TL\'RJE:-;.
~~~t(): YEARS ENDING OCTOBER 31, 1892.
AUSTIN:
BE.' C. JONES & CO., STATE PRINTERS.
1892.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
OFFICE OF SECRETAHY STATE PJ';N1TE~TlARY BOAR!),
ACSTfN, NOVEMBER 1, 1892.
To His Excellency, James S. Hogg:
DEAR SIR-We have the honor herewith to hand you the report of L.
A. Whatley, Superintendent of the Texas Penitentiaries, and embodied
in the same the reports of Assistant Superintendent J. G. Smither of the
Huntsville Penitentiary, of E. G. Douglass of the Rusk Penitentiary,
and of the other officers of the two penitentiaries.
We beg leave to say that we approve and endorse the reports as a fair
and honest representation of the condition of those institutions.
'Ve would especially call your attention to that portion of the report
'of the Superintendent recommending the purchase of farms and suitable
lands for farming purposes, believing, as we do, that the working of able-bodied
con victs on Ian ds owned by the State will go far to reconcile pub-lic
opinion on the subject of interference with outside labor, and at the
same time make the convicts self-sustaining, and thereby lessening the
burden of taxation upon the people.
'Vc have the honor to he yours, very respectfully,
F. R. LUBBOCK,
Chairman Penitentiary Board.
A. P. WOOLRIDGE.
E. B. SMYTH.
REPORTS
OF THE
SUPERINTENDENT AND FI J ANCIAL AGE~T
<)1' TJ IE
TEXAS STATE PENITENTIARIES,
E~IBODYIN(;
'fIlE PROUEEDl).1"O:-;OF THE PEXITENTIARY BO~,\RD, ~\SD ::;TA~
T1STlUAL AXD FIX~\XCL\_L EXIIlBITS; AL::;O REPORTS
OF S"GBORDlXA'J'E OFFICERS OF THE TEXAS
STA'l'E PEXITEKTJ~\lUE:-;.
FOR TWO YEARS ENDING OCTOBER 31, 1892.
AUSTIN:
BEN C. JONES & CO., STATE PRINTERS.
1892.
/
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
OFFICEOF SUPERINTEc<DETNEXTASSTATEPEXITENTIARIES,
HUNTSYILI,ET,EXAS,November 1, 1892.
Messrs. F. R. Lubbock, Oluurman, E. B. Smyth and A. P. Wooldridge,
Commissioners of State Penitentiaries,'
GExTLE3fEN-Iherewith hand you, to be forwarded to His Excellency
Governor James S. Hogg, the following biennial report of the Texas
State Penitentiaries for the two years ending October 31, 1892.
Accompanying this report are the reports of the Assistant Superintend-ents
in charge of the Huntsville and Rusk Penitentiaries respectively, of
the Financial Agent and of other prison officers, with a brief synopsis of the
matters appertaining to the penitentiary system of Texas. The accom-panying
reports, with the attached tables, exhibits and summaries, are
designed to show the general condition of the Penitentiaries, their dis-cipline,
government and management. They give you a clear and full
account of each department of prison work, which will enable you readily
to comprehend the condition of affairs during the period covered by this
report.
The general success attending my administration of prison affairs dur-ing
the past two years has been most satisfactory, and in view of the un-precedented
stagnation in commercial matters and the low price of sugar
and cotton, even beyond what I could reasonably have expected.
The most favored manufactured goods have been sold up to produc-tion
at a fail' profit. In no case have we been under the necessity of
selling them at a price less than required to meet legitimate competition.
I feel that I can congratulate the taxpayers of Texas on the improved
tendencies of the present system. The ground for such congratulation
lies in the general improved condition of our industrial institutions, all
of which are most prosperous and promising, as shown by the reports of
Hon. R. W. Finley, Financial Agent.
It is a fact well known that since the State resumed control of her
prisons in 1883, the conditions of a stable policy have been improved
each year. The system adopted has been tested by its performances, not
of a season, but of accumulated successes; not by financial results alone,
but by the reduction of the mortality list, and the general moral and
reformatory influences exerted and extended.
The labor of the past two years demonstrates:
1. The productive energy and capacity of the prisoners has been in-creased.
2. The physical and moral condition of the prisoners has been im-proved.
3. The discipline in the walls and among the outside forces is more
thorough and more easily maintained, and with less necessi.ty to resort to
the severer methods of punishment.
4 TEXAS STATE PENITE~TIARIES.
4. The several productive institutions have been advanced from mere
self-supporting positions to ones of fair and legitin:~atep~·ofit.
The fact of increased productive power in the prisons 1Sproven by the
increased productions on hand, and the productions shm,,? to have been
produced during the period covered by this report. The rncrease of pro-ductive
capacity has not been secured by the loss of the health or strength
of the prisoners. On the other hand, the increase I believe to be the re-sult
of better health and a sounder moral state among the convicts.
To more fully understand the nature a~~ extent of .the ~roductive
chanaes I refer you to the tables and exhibits '" , . of the Financial Agent, made a part of this report.
CHAXGES IN PRIsm, )[ANAGEMENT.
There have been but few changes in the management of the different
departments since I assumed charge of th~ Texas Penitenti~ries.
Mr. C. M. Price, foreman of the furniture factory, resigned Novem-ber
1891 to take up an enterprise of his own in another part of the
cou~try. 'He was succeeded in December, 1891, by Mr. Allen "Vils?n.
At Rusk. Mr. R. A. Barrett, superintendent of the furnace, resigned
December 31, 1890, and was succeeded by Mr. Froescher, who Ire. signe1d in the spring of 1891, and was succeeded by Mr. Beebe, and u timate y
by the present incumbent, Mr. D. T. Jones.
Mr. M. J. Walsh, manager of the inside industries, resigned October
3, 1891. I appointed Mr. W. S. Fletcher his successor, and he resigned
the followinz'" May., when the present head of that department, Mr. Frank Kavanagh, succeeded him. .
Assistant Financial Agent Mr. W. M. Imboden res1gned December,
1891, and Mr. N. 1\1.Harrison succeeded him.
Transfer Agent Mr. J. R. Mobley resigned in July, 1891, and was suc-ceeded
by Mr. J. P. Groome, whose death occurred in January, 1892.
By Mr. Groome's death the State lost a good and efficient officer.. Thor-oughly
faithful and correct in his accounts, scrupl~lous, energ~tJC and
painstaking in the discharge of his duties, he was eminently qualified for
the important and responsible position which he held. .
Mr. George C. Reeves, who succeeded Mr. Groome, discharges the du-ties
of the position in an efficient and highly creditable manner.
Inspector "V. C. Holland resigned June 1, 1891, and the Governor ap-pointed
Mr. Sam II. Dixon his successor.
PRISON POPULATIOX.
Exhibit No.1 shows an increase in prison population during the past
two years as follows:
November 1,1890 Total number convicts on hand 3199
October 31, 1892 Total number convicts on hand 3575
Showing a net increase of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 376
The greatest number ever reached in the history of the Penitentiary,
and on hand at one time, was 3618, on July 6, 7, 25 and 26, 1892.
The least number touched during the past two years was 3134 on Feb-ruary
27 and 28, 1891.
REPORT OF SUPERIKTE~DENT. 5
RECEIPTS AXD DISCHARGES.
The receipts and discharges in comparison with former periods are as
follows:
For two years ending October 31, 1884: Receipts 1805; discharges
967.
For two years ending October 31, 1886: Receipts 2191; discharges
1221.
For two years ending October 31, 1888: Receipts 2248; discharges
1354.
For two years ending October 31, 1890: Receipts 2012; discharges
1647.
For two years ending October 31, 1892: Receipts 2335; discharges
1669.
Showing a net increase of receipts of 530, and a net increase of dis-charges
of 702 over the four biennial periods embraced.
l'ARDOXS.
The number of convicts pardoned during the past two years has been
considerably less than during the two years previous. The records of
my office show that there were 116 issued during the two years ending
October 31, 1892, as against 147 for the two years ending October 31,
1890.
The Governor has also granted several pardons which took effect and
were delivered after the expiration of term of sentence in order to restore
to citizenship. Of the 116 pardons aforesaid a few took effect only a
few days before the expiration of sentence, for the same reason.
During the past two years only three prisoners whose citizenship had
been restored for meritorious conduct at the expiration of sentence have
been returned to the Penitentiary for confinement, which fact leads me to
embrace the conclusion of my predecessor, the Hon. T. J. Goree, in his
opinion that "it would be the proper policy to restore citizenship by
pardon to all the convicts who serve out their term of sentence, except
those who are notoriously bad cases and are ~lmost certain to return to
their evil ways."
It has been found to be a great incentive to lead the convict to adopt
habits of industry and to be observant of the rules of the prisons, know-ing
that there is a oliance that he will not be under sentence after serving
out his term, and has entered again upon life anew.
ESCAPES.
By referring to the biennial reports of tile Penitentiaries since the State
resumed control in 1883, it will be seen that the percentage of escapes
from the whole number has been very greatly decreased, and that the
year ending October 31, 1892, shows a very low percentage. The num-ber
of escapes during the two years ending October 31, 1892, over the
two previous years shows a marked falling off, there being 166 escapesfor
the former and 130 for the latter.
Nearly all the escapes reported are from the outside forces, where op-portunities
are, from the very nature of the surroundings, more numer-
6 TEXAS STATE PENITENTIARIES.
ous, and where hazardous risks are more inviting. Everything possible
is being done to impress upon those in immediate charge of the convicts
the necessity of vigilance, and wherever escapes have occurred through
carelessness or neglect of guards or sergeant, they have been discharged,
and more efficient men put in their places.
I have learned that strict discipline among those in charge of the convicts
is as necessary to success as among the convicts, and that by promoting
those whose efficiency warrants it, and by removing those whose general
conduct and carelessness make it necessary, the efficiency of the out-side
forces has greatly improved, and that escapes through carelessness
have been diminished.
DEATHS.
It is gratifying to be able to report a fewer number of deaths among
the convicts than for several years past, the percentage of deaths from
the whole number for the year ending October 31, 1892, being very low.
The number of deaths for the past two years was 114, as against 183
the two years previonsly, reducing the percentage for the biennial period
to 1.32.
It has been the constant aim of the prison officers to take the best care
possible of the sick. To this watchfulness is due largely the decrease in
mortality of the convicts.
From the reports of the Prison Physician, submitted with this report,
it will be seen that the facilities for caring for the sick in prisons proper
have been greatly increased. Exhibit No. 9 will show at what points
the greatest mortality exists.
The 114 deaths for the past two years may be grouped as follows:
Huntsville Penitentiary, proper " .. " . . .. 26
Huntsville Penitentiary. outside .
Rusk Penitentiary, proper , .. . . . . 24
Rusk Penitentiary. outside , . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . 3
Railroads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
Harlem State farm, Fort Bend county ,. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. 1
Rogers share farm, Brazos county....... .. .. . . .. .. . .. . 6
Contract farms. Fort Bend Gj)unty .,. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. 29
Contract farm, Burleson county ,. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. 1
Contract farms. Robertson county ,. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. 3
Contract farms, Brazoria county . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . 3
'fotal , , 114
The death rate in some of the principal penal institutions of our coun-try
is indicated as follows:
Per cent
North Carolina State Penitentiary .. " , 4.44
Mississippi State Penitentiary 3.07
Virginia StatePeniteutiary 2.39
Vermont State prisons ·· 1.95
Illinois Htate Penitentiary " , " 1.92
Auburn prison. Xew York 1.83
Connecticut State Prison , , , 1.77
Clinton prison. XowYork . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 1.73
South Illinois Penitentiary '" ." 1.84
Texas State Penitentiary , , , 1.32
This showing of all the prisons but Texas is obtained from the biennial
reports of the several State prisons for 1889 and 1890, inclusive, and is
REPORT OJ? SUPERIXTE~DENT.
reproduced here to better show the physical condition of the prisons of
these States in comparison with the Texas Penitentiaries.
GEXF:R.U. TREAT)IEXT OF COXYICTS.
Good order and quiet discipline have been maintained during the past
two years. Only a few cases of insubordination or refusal to comply
with the discipline of the institutions have been reported. By the method
of treatment applied to the individual, force is seldom required to secure
obedience to prison authority, and the severer methods of punishment
have not been as frequently resorted to as formerly.
"Whilethe general treatment of the convicts inside and outside of the
walls has been kind and humane, yet abuses have occurred in a few in-stances.
Every effort has been made by the inspectors and myself to
correct these abuses and to bring the offender to terms. In every in-
~tance where violation of the prison rules has been discovered, especially
in the treatment and care of convicts, the guilty party or parties have
been speedily dealt with, and in mostly all cases resulting in their dis-charge.
Exhibit No.9 stows that 1825 convicts were employed with the out-side
forces; 588 employed on the railroads and 1237 on all farms. It is
to be regretted that the facilities for the comfort of the convict on the
'outside are not equal to those in the walls. From the very nature of
things it is impossible to secure this. Everything is being done, however,
to increase facilities for comfort, which effort has been measurably sue-cessful.
· The rules governing the care of convicts, when substantially
complied with, are sntticient to make the present system efficient and
humane.
To conduct the affairs of the Penitentiaries in all their minutia: requires
a great many agents or employes upon whom we are compelled to rely
for faithful performance of their duties. It should not be expected in a
work of so much magnitude that no errors would be committed in the
care and treatment of the convicts.
In many departments of the prison work, however, the general treat-ment
and discipline I do not think can be excelled, as men of long and
faithful service preside. whose ripe experience and good judgment render
them the complete masters of the labor and the laborer.
Their treatment of the convicts is the outcome of long and practical
study of human nature.
It requires experience and practical association with prison manage-ment
to possess a knowledge of the best methods to adopt to secure the
best results. Cool, calm, deliberate effort, based on intelligence and ex-perience.
are essential to meet the full requirement: and to discharze the
?uty,tully and well requires a high order of patien~e, capacity ant qual-ification.
I have been able to retain in the service some of the oldest and most
experienced officials and employes, to whom I am under obligations for
the general improved condition in the treatment and discipline of the
convicts.
The inmates of the prisons are supplied with comfortable clothes and
wholesome food in sufficient quantities for comfort and health.
Exhibit 12, compiled from the monthly reports to my office,shows that
7
8 'l'EXA S S'l'ATE PENITEXTIARIES.
the food furnished the convicts consists of bacon beef pork corn meal
flom> coffee.' mola~ses, ric~, potatoes, peas, beans: dried :lppl~s, grits and
hominy, onions, pickles, vmegar, and a general line of vegetables in sea-
~on.. O~ the contra~t farms vegetables of the different varieties grown
m this chmate are raised and fed the convicts in great abundance almost
t~e ~'ear round. There have been very few complaints among the con-
VICtsof lack of ample supply of food, although complaints have been re-porte~
of the manner of its preparation for the table.
Thls.trouble has in a measUl:ebeen removed, and the monthly reports
of the inspectors show a great improvement in this particular.
LABOR HEQUIRED OF ALL CONVICTS.
All }J~'is~n~rsphysica~l.r able to work have been required to do hard
l~b~l;.o- ~lllS.ISnot, re~UlI'~dsolely wit~l the .view of increasing the peeu-malj
gain o~ the I e::lltentmr.r. I believe It to be an absolute necessity
~s a p~'ev:entlve of discontent and unrest, and a potent means of reform-mg
criminals.
It has been the aim of the prison management to turn out the convict
up~n the world a b:tter man if possible than when he was received. I
believe lab?r essential to the accomplishment of this end, and a chari-table
g~'atm~yas necessary to the comfort and contentment of the convict
as sunhght IS to health.
The official reports o~ the principal penal institutions or our country
dem~nstrate that labor ISone of the best agencies employed in reforming
convicts.
The morbid selltim~ntal idea that a great many have of the duty of
the S~te to her convicts should be met with stern facts. "It makes a
vast ~lfference," says Superintendent Baker, of the New York State pris-ons,
whether the State .turns out from its prisons from 1000 to 2000
men each year? enfeebledll~ body and soul, confirmed in habits of idle-ness,
and. ~estmed to .be either pau.rers and criminals, or whether they
shal~ be tlam~d to work, braced up m courage and moral purpose and
put III possession of a self-respect and self-reliance which they Bever knew
b~re. .
;,:;." Wit~IOut employment for the convict, the prison administration will
be d~luSl~~ as a reformatory agency.' a costly mockery, the destroyer of
men in prison and the cause of WIder and zreater dezradation in the
State than now prevails." :=.:=.
HATLJWA D CONTJ{ACTS.
At the present time there are contracts for nine railroad conv ict forces
Mfullin: '
Three on the Houston and Texas Central railroad.
Two on the Southern Pacific railroad.
Two on the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe railroad.
One 011 the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad.
On: on the St. LOllis, Arkansas and Texas railroad.
. ~hlS labor hns been a source of profit to the institutions and satisfactory
lJl Its general results.
The c?nvicts employed in these forces ill a majority of instances prefer
the outside labor to the work confined indoors in the prisons propel'.
REPORT OF SUPERINTEKDENT. 9
W'ith the present needs for prison room in the walls and the absence of
other outside employment, I know of nothing the prisoner can be em-ployed
at that promises greater results. It has its objectionable features,
but must remain a part of the system until the facilities for caring for
them in the walls are increased or farm lands purchased on which to em-ploy
them profitably. This matter I treat of in another place.
For a detailed account of the receipts and expenditures of railroad
forces I refer you to Exhibit "E" of the Financial Agent's report,
which shows that the net receipts are 121,098.50, or a net earning per
capita of 9.99.
It should be understood, however, that the contracts are based on the
present needs of the railroads for the convict labor, and the ability of the
prisons to spare the inmates. Thus it is not a source of revenue that can
be relied on, as the forces may be ordered or called in at any time.
.FARM CONTHACTS.
Convicts are employed on the contract farms as follows:
Name. Men.
E. H. Cunningham Fort Bend County ' .. , , .. ' . . . 210
L. A. Ellis , , , Fort Bend County .. ' . .. . . .. . . .. . . . 150
'1'. VV. House ·· .Fort Bend Uount)'....... 60
P. J. Willis & Bro Brazoria County ···· 60
Ball, Hutchings & Co Brazoria County ······· 60
R. J. White Robertson Coun ty ··· 50
"'V. W. "'Yatts Robertson County ··.. 55
H. L. Lewis Robertson County.,... 50
Ed. Wilson ' Robertson County.. . . .. . . . . . 65
H. K. White · .. Burlesou County · 50
The exclusive sugar raisers pay 17 per month; the sugar and cotton
planters 16.50, and the cotton and corn planters 15.50 per month.
The convicts employed on the farms are of the class whose labor can
not be utilized in the walls, consisting of negro convicts exclusively.
Thus it will be seen that the State is receiving remuneration for 810 con-victs
who could not otherwise be profitably employed.
These convicts, as are those on the railroads, are under the immediate
care and protection of agents selected and appointed by the State. Th~se
agencies consist of sergeants, camp physicians, and guards, whose duties
are fixed by the rules and regulations governing the prisons. It is made
a special duty of these agents to see that the convicts are well fed, comfort-ably
clothed, and properly housed and cared for, and that ill case of sick-ness
to have immediate medical attention. No convict is required to per-form
labor when he is physically unable to do so.
On all these farms under the present contract the contractor furnishes
the food supply. From the monthly reports of the inspectors to my of-fice,
and from my own personal visits, I am able to report that the con-victs
are generally supplied in abundance with such wholesome food as is
provided by the contract.
The same trouble regarding the cooking and preparing the food is en-countered
here as on the railroads. It is a difficult matter to secure good
and industrious men who will take pride or interest in preparing food for
the convicts.
Constant attention is given to this matter by the inspectors, and all
10 TEXAS STATE PEXITENTIARIES.
practicable changes looking to the bettering of the condition are being
made as rapidly as possible.
Whenever complaints have been made by the convicts of a want of suf-ficiencyof
food, and on investigation by the inspectors the complaint has
been sustained and the contractor informed, he has taken immediate ac-tion
towards the correction of the complaint.
ROGEUS SHARE :FARM.
The contract existing when I assumed the management of the Peniten-tiaries
with Colonel John D. Rogers to work his magnificent farm with
convicts on the share plan, has been renewed, and is still in force. On
this farm, as it is on the State farm at Harlem, onlj <econd-class and
short term convicts are employed, whose physical condition renders them
unprofitable anywhere else. This farm is situated in Brazos county, in
the fertile valley of the Brazos river, on the Gulf, Colorado and Santa
Fe railroad. It is well equipped and adapted to convict labor. It has
been operated during the past two years at a net profit of $18,533.77.
The option the State had to purchase this farm has been extended to
January 1, 1893.
Exhibit" G," Financial Agent's report, shows the operations of this
farm during the past two years.
You are doubtless familiar with all the facts in connection with the
purchase and improvement of this property. This farm consists of 2788
acre of land, 2000 in a high state of cultivation. It has been an ijnpor-tant
addition to our financial operations during the past two years, and
has clearly demonstrated the wisdom of our lawmakers, who made the
purchase of farm land for convict labor possible.
The machinery and buildings have all been kept in good repair at
heavy expense.
The crops for the past two years have been fairly good, although the
prices obtained for the produce have been much lower than those received
at any other period in the history of the farm. This has reduced the re-ceipts
of the cotton and sugar crops very materially, but the greater yield
of the former has gone a long way toward off-setting the loss resulting
from the decline in prices. The acreage in cane, which is really the pay-ing
crop of the farm, has been increased to 850 acres in 1892 from 709
acres in 1890, which is about all the present machinery is capable of tak-ing
off within the required time. The late heavy freeze in the spring of
1892, and the drouth following it in the summer, have combined to re-duce
the probable yield of sugar this year, but the cotton and corn crops
are heavier than ever grown on the property.
I desire to call your attention to the scarcity of timber for fuel on this
farm. The wood necessary to take off the crop for the past two years
-has been secured from adjoining lands, given for clearing the land and
preparing it for cultivation. This condition can not always exist, and it
is important that some action be taken at an early date to meet the re-quirement
of the farm in this particular.
Wood lands are at a more reasonable price now than they will be within
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDE~T. 11
a short ti.me, anr11it iis a part of wisdom to secure lands for this purpose
as early as practicable. h -ze the convicts with the whole expenses
It h.as been the custo~ to c al~ credit the farm with the crop receipts
of mamtenance ~o the crop, andt'nued the past two years. It is proper,
each year. Thls has been con. Its this farm as it was intended that
however, to state that the convic on icts who could not be utilized at
it should be, are second class negro convi
other points profitably. I d other live stock required in making
In addition to the 92 mu es an sand 66 head of cattle.
the crop, there are on the pl~ce 240 hog visor. management of this farm.
There has been no change in t~et ~upedrand he has been very successful
Captaailn R. J .' Ransom ha.s been. re aine ,
in his administration of ~ts aff:.ll's.. 1reports to your honorable Board, I
From the several preVlO?SI ~~nlllaf the financial results since 1887, the
am able to present a reeapitu a IOn 0 ,
first year the farm was operated by the State.
RECAPITULATION-NEl'RTOFITS.
g~:~~~ii~~:~::~::::::~:::::'.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Crop of 1889.. . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . g~~:~l~i~~:~:::::::::.:::::.::::::::::::::::::.::::':.::::':.::::':.
$10,502 67
53,852 95
88.378 46
65,258 OG
23789 58
88:186 90
Total net profits . ... , . $229,9GS 62
WOODANDCOAL.
. . with the penitentiary system is a
Th~ question of fuel m ~o;~~c~~~~owhich your honorable Boar~, the
very Important one, and on . h th o'ht The report of Assistant
Governor and myself have gi v~~muc m~~f co~l used during the past two
Superinten~ent D~uglass Sh~~V~ e a~~~e Tyler and Southeastern railroad,
years. ThIS eos.l is trans!elle over t t the Penitentiary of 6 per car
a distance of sixteen miles, at a cos 0
load. ., eration it consumes 3500 bushels, or
When the blast furnace is in Of 30 daily In addition to this coal
six cars of coal per day, at a cost 0 ,.
a great quantity of wood is co~~urne~\ent time has been secured in the
The wood, however, up to .e.e~~~r' and bas been hauled by prison
neighborhood of the Rusk ~e;~.i risJr: is about exhausted, and in the
teams. But the supply near IS,P tl e resent wood and coaling camp
future it will have .to be secured fl~m "~b~t is here said of Rusk applies
at a considerable increase .~f cO~'h voo'd supply at Huntsville has been
with equal force to Huntsvi e. . the ' ur oose four or five miles from the
secured from lands purchased f~~ br P cll of the International and Great
prison, on o~·near the 1-~unbt~vl .~t It~nth~ prison over this road, necessi-
Northern railroad, and IS lOU~1 '.
tating heavy expen~e to t~~re~l~l~t~~ll~miliar with all the details of this
I know that yom ~onola t~ 0 f the next Leo-islature I have presented
question, ~:)UtfOt:the :nforma IOn0 • <:>
the situation as It exists.
12 'I'EXAS STATE PE:XITE~TIARmR.
COKYEYING PlUSOXERS TO PENITEXTIARIES.
By referring to Exhibit" L" of the report of the Financial ~gent, the
cost of transferring prisoners from jails under the new system IS shown.
There have been 1916 prisoners transferred from jails at a cost of $25,-
538.08, or '13.33 per capita, as against $14.75 under the old system,
thereby effecting a saving of 1375.42, which abundantly demonstrates
the wisdom of your honorable body in making the change.
THE HUNTSVILLE PENITENTIARY.
This institution is under the immediate supervision of Assistant Super-intendent
J. G. Smither, whose accompanying report shows in detail the
management, improvements, prison population, and how the force has
been distributed during the two years ending October 31, 1892. This
report is full and comprehensive, and I do not deem it necessary to go
into a full discussion of the results shown by it.
This Penitentiary, being first established, has more industries in suc-cessful
operation than the on~ at Rusk, as shown by the reports of the
Financial Agen t.
There has been an increase of the productive population in the walls
over the two previous years of more than 20 per cent, and a reduction of
the indispensable force from 112 to 105, and of general roustabouts from
22 to 16. The mortality of this prison has decreased considerably as
compared with former records:
Percentage of deaths for two years ending October 31, 1888, over 8
per cent.
Percentage of deaths for two years ending October 31, 1890, over 7-1-
per cent.
Percentage of deaths for two years ending October 31, 1892, little over
3 per cent.
HJPROVE)1ENTS.
Assistant Superintendent Smither's report shows that during the past
two years quite a number of valuable improvements have been made.
A handsome hospital, three and a half stories high, has been erected
adjoining the main building in the walls. This building is of durable
brick, and has been so constructed as to furnish a spacious school room,
where it is designed to 'teach the convicts who desire it the rudimentary
branches of an education. The ground floor of this building has been
properly equipped for the confinement of the insane.
Other improvements of importance have also been added, embracing
electric light plant and steam laundry, together with additions to the
blacksmith and paint shop. I also mention the residence for the Finan-cial
Agent. For further details and cost of these and other minor im-provements
and repairs I refer you to Assistant Superintendent Smither's
report, and to the Financial Agent's.
The effort to secure artesian water has been unsuccessful. After hav-ing
gone a depth of 2202 feet with no indication of water, the project
has been abandoned. All hope, however, of securing an ample water
supply has not been lost.
REP:ORTS
OF THE
SDPERINTENDENT AND FIN ANCIAl AGENT
OF THE
~rEXAS STATE PENI~rENTIARIES,
EMBODYING
TIlE PROCEEDINGS O}' 'l'BE PENI'l'EN'l'IARY BOARD, _\'XD STA-TTS'l'ICAL
AND F1NAXClAL EXHIBITS; ALSO REPORTS
OF SlJBORDJ TATE OFFICERS OF THE TEX_\'S
S'I'ATE PEXITEN'l'URlES.
FOR TWO YEARS ENDING OOTOBER 31, 1892.
AUSTIN:
BEN C. JONES & co., STATE PRINTERS.
1892.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
OF~'ICIO~F SUPElUNTENDETNETXASSTATEPEKITENTIARIES,
HUNTSVILLET,EXAS,November 1, 1892.
Messrs. F. R. Lubbock, Chairman, E. B. Smyth and A. P. Wooldridge,
Commissioners of State Penitentiaries :
GENTLEJIEN-Iherewith hand you, to be forwarded to I-lis Excellency
Governor James S. I-Iogg, the following biennial report of the Texas
State Penitentiaries for the two years ending October 31, 1892.
Accompanying this report are the reports of the Assistant Superintend-ents
in charge of the Huntsville and Rusk Penitentiaries respectively, of
the Financial Agent and of other prison officers, with a brief synopsis of the
matters appertaining to the penitentiary system of Texas. The accom-panying
reports, with the attached tables, exhibits and summaries, are
designed to show the general condition of the Penitentiaries, their dis-cipline,
government and management. They give you a clear and full
account of each department of prison work, which will enable you readily
to comprehend the condition of affairs during the period covered by this
report.
The general success attending my administration of prison affairs dur-ing
the past two years has been most satisfactory, and in view of the un-precedented
stagnation in commercial matters and the low price of sugar
.and cotton, even beyond what I could reasonably have expected.
The most favored manufactured goods have been sold up to produc-tion
at a fair profit. In no case have we been under the necessity of
Belling them at a price less than required to meet legitimate competition.
I feel that I can congratulate the taxpayers of Texas on the improved
tendencies of the present system. The ground for such congratulation
• lies in the general improved condition of out' industrial institutions, all
of which are most prosperous and promising, as shown by the reports of
Hon. R. W. Finley, Financial Agent.
It is a fact well known that since the State resumed control of her
prisons in 1883, the conditions of a stable policy have been improved
each year. The system adopted has been tested by its performances, not
or a season, but of accumulated successes; not by financial results alone,
but by the reduction of the mortality list, and the general moral and
reformatory influences exerted and extended.
The labor of the past two years demonstrates:
1. The productive energy and capacity of the prisoners has been in-creased.
2. The physical and moral condition of the prisoners has been im-proved.
3. The discipline in the walls and among the outside forces is more
thorough and more easily maintained, and with less necessity to resort to
the severer methods of punishment.
4 'fEXAS STATE PENITENTIARIES.
4. The several productive institutions have been advanced from mere
self-supporting positions to ones of fair and 'legitimate profit.
The fact of increased productive power in the prisons is proven by the
increased productions on hand, and the productions shown to have been
produced during the period covered by this report. The increase of pro-ductive
capacity has not been secured by the loss of the health or strength
of the prisoners. On the other hand, the increase I believe to be the re-sult
of better health and a sounder moral state among the convicts.
To more fnlly understand the nature and extent of the productive
changes, I refer you to the tables and exhibits of the Financial Agent,
made a part of this report.
CHA~GES IN PRISOX 1!ANAGEMENT.
There have been but few changes in the management of the different
departments since I assumed charge of the Texas Penitentiaries.
Mr. C. M. Price, foreman of the furniture factory, resigned Novem-ber,
1891, to take up an enterprise of his own in another part of the
country. IIe was succeeded in December, 1891, by Mr. Allen 'Wilson.
At Rusk, Mr. R A. Barrett, superintendent of the furnace, resigned
December 31, 1890, and was succeeded by Mr. Froescher, who resigned
in the spring of 1891, and was succeeded by Mr. Beebe, and ultimately
by the present incumbent, Mr. D. T. Jones.
Mr. M. J. Walsh, manager of the inside industries, resigned October
3, 1891. I appointed Mr. W. S. Fletcher his successor, and he resigned
the following May, when the present head of that department, Mr. Frank
Kavanagh, succeeded him.
Assistant Financial Agent Mr. 'W. M. Imboden resigned December,
1891, and Mr. N. .M:. Harrison succeeded him.
Transfer Agent Mr. J. R. Mobley resigned in July, 1891, and was suc-ceeded
by Mr. J. P. Groome, whose death occurred in January, 1892.
By Mr. Groome's death the State lost a good and efficient officer. Thor-oughly
faithful and correct in his accounts, scrupulous, energetic and
painstaking in the discharge of his duties, he was eminently qualified for
the important and responsible position which he held.
Mr. George C. Reeves, who succeeded Mr. Groome, discharges the du-ties
of the position in an efficient and highly creditable manner.
Inspector W. C. Holland resigned June 1, 1891, and the Governor ap-pointed
Mr. Sam H. Dixon his successor.
PRISON POPULATION.
Exhibit No.1 shows an increase in prison population during the past
two years as follows:
November 1,1890 Total number convicts on hand 3199
October 31, 1892 Total number convicts on hand 3575
Showing a net increase of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 376
The greatest number ever reached in the history of the Penitentiary,
and on hand at one time, was 3618, on July 6, 7, 25 and 26, 1892.
The least number touched during the past two years was 3134 on Feb-ruary
27 and 28, 1891.
/
REPORT OF SUPEIUKTENDENT. 5
RECEIPTS AND DISCIlARGES.
The receipts and discharges in comparison with former periods are as
follows:
For two years ending October 31, 1884: Receipts 1805; discharges
967.
For two years ending October 31, 1886: Receipts 2191; discharges
1221.
For two years ending October 31, 1888: Receipts 2248; discharges
1354.
For two years ending October 31, 1890: Receipts 2012; discharges
1647.
For two years ending October 31, 1892: Receipts 2335; discharges
1669.
Showing a net increase of receipts of 530, and a net increase of dis-charges
of 702 over the four biennial periods embraced.
PARDONS.
The number of convicts pardoned during the past two years has been
considerably less than during the two years previous. The records of
my office show that there were 116 issued during the two years ending
October 31, 1892, as against 147 for the two years ending October 31,
1890.
The Governor has also granted several pardons which took effect and
were delivered after the expiration of term of sentence in order to restore
to citizenship. Of the 116 pardons aforesaid a few took effect only a
few days before the expiration of sentence, for the same reason.
During the past two years only three prisoners whose citizenship had
been restored for meritorious conduct at the expiration of sentence have
been returned to the Penitentiary for confinement, which fact leads me to
embrace the conclusion of my predecessor, the Hon. T. J. Goree, ill his
opinion that "it would be the proper policy to restore citizenship by
pardon to all the convicts who serve out their term of sentence, except
those who are notoriously bad cases and are almost certain to return to
their evil ways."
It has been found to be a great incentive to lead the convict to adopt
habits of industry and to be observant of the rules of the prisons, know-ing
that there is a chance that he will not be under sentence after serving
out his term, and has entered again upon life anew.
ESCAPES.
By referring to the biennial reports of the Penitentiaries since the State
resumed control in 1883, it will be seen that the percentage of escapes
from the whole number has been very greatly decreased, and that the
year ending October 31, 1892, shows a very low percentage. The num-ber
of escapes during the two years ending October 31, 1892, over the
two previous years shows a marked falling off, there being 166 escapes for
the former and 130 for the latter.
Nearly all the escapes reported are from the outside forces, where op-portunities
are, from the very nature of the surroundings, more numer-
II
6 TEXAS S1'ATE PENITENTIARIES.
?us, .and where hazardous risks are more invitinz Ever' .
IS bemg done to impress upon those in . di ",' ytlung possible
the necessit of vizilan ~ imme late charge of the convicts
carelessness ~r necrl~ct ole, an~ wherever escapes have occurred through
and more efficient men pugt~arths ~r selrgeant, they have been discharged,
m eir paces.
. I have learned that strlilCt diISC.lPImi e amonz those in charze of the co .~"
IS as necessary to success as am nO' h 0 • 0 nvrcts
those whose effici e. ? '" t e convicts, and that by promoting
conduct and c 1 nlcy warrants It, and by removing those whose zeneral
c are essness make it . h' 0 side forces has OT T' ~ necessary, t e efflciency of the out-have
been diminisl~:~I.J improved, and that escapes through carelessness
DEATHS.
It is gratifying to be bl t .
th
. '" a e 0 report a fewer number of death
e convicts than for seve' 1 S among
the whole number for the y~~r~:~·~n;.a~~t~~:/~et·c~~~arbo~ deaths from
h The number of deaths for the pacsOttwo years w"as 114 emg ve.ry low83.
t e two years previously, reducing the percentage for the' b~s ag~llnst ~
to 1. 32. ienma period
It has been the constant aim of th .' tr possible of the sick. To this watchfeufllsOI~ °d icers to take the best care
mortality of the convicts. ness IS ue largely the decrease in
From the reports of the Prison Ph ici . . .
it will be seen that the facilities for c~.~~~a~~rs~~:l~ted. WIth. this report,
have been greatly increased. Exhibit No 9 , 'llsl~k m prisons pr~per
the greatest mortality exists. . vi. s lOW at what points
The 114 deaths for the past two years may be grouped as follows:
HHuunnttssvvt~lllele PPeenni~tetenntltaiarrvy,, opurotspiedre . .. " .. " .. " . .. 26
Rusk Peu~teutiary, proper : : : .'. : .
Rusk Pemtentiary outside " . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . .. 24
Railroads '. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Harlem State farm, F~~.·Btend ~~~;~t~' " " IS'
Rogers share farm. Brazos coun ty "... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. 1
Contl:act farms. Fort Bend county::::::: :::: :: .. . . . 6
Conti act farm. Burleson county . . " .. . ~9
Contract farms. Robertson county . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .... .. 1
Contract farms. Brazoria connty.".·.::: :::::: ::::::: : ::'.:::' ............. .. 33
'rotal r •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 114
The death rate in some of tl e .. ' . 1 '"
try is indicated as follows: 1 prmcipa penalmstltutLOns of our coun-
N~)l·th Carolina State Penitential' r Per cent
Mississippi State Penitentiarv ) .. " . , . , , , .. " , " , .. " .. , , 4.44
Virginia State Peu itenttary . :, . . :' , , .. , , , , 8.07
Vermont State prisons , " .. ,.,., , , , , 2.89
Illinois State Penitenti~l:Y' , , , , , .. " , , , .. 1. 95
Auburn prison. )J ew Yor'k" .. " , . , ., , .. , , " " , 1.92
Connecticut State Prison , , , , .. " , . , ' " , " 1.S3
Clinton prison, Xew york··· ···· .. ···· .. ·· .. ··· .. ·,· .. · .. ····· .. ···· 1.77
~,outh 11l.inoisP~nite~ltiary .. ::::: .. :'.::.:::::'" '" ] ,73
I'exas State Pen iten tlnry . . . . " " , , , 1.S4
This showing of all the prisons hut T . , ... '.' , . , , . '.' , .. , , , 1.32
reports of the several State prisons fo ' ~~a8s91sobtained ~rom t~e biennial
1 and 1890, inclusive, and is
REPORT OF SUPERINTKNDENT. 7
reproduced here to better show the physical condition of the prisons of
these States in comparison with the Texas Penitentiaries.
(; EXERAL TRE.~T~IEXT OF COXVICTS.
Good order and quiet discipline have been maintained during the past
two years. Only a few cases of insubordination or refusal to comply
with the discipline of the institutions have been reported. By the method
of treatment applied to the individual, force is seldom required to secure
obedience to prison authority, and the severer methods of punishment
have not been as frequently resorted to as formerly.
'Vhile the general treatment of the convicts inside and outside of the
walls has been kind and humane, yet abuses have occurred in a few in-stances.
Every effort has been made by the inspectors and myself to
correct these abuses and to bring the offender to terms. In every in-stance
where violation of the prison rules has been discovered, especially
in the treatment and care of convicts, the guilty party or parties have
been speedily dealt with, and in mostly all cases resulting in their dis-charge.
Exhibit No.9 shows that 1825 convicts were employed with the out-side
forces; 588 employed on the railroads and 1237 on all farms. It is
to be regretted that the facilities for the comfort of the convict on the
outside are not equal to those in the walls. From the very nature of
things it is impossible to secure this. Everything is being done, however,
to increase facilities for comfort, which effort has been measurably suc-cessful.
The rules governing the care of convicts, when substantially
complied with, are sufficient to make the present system efficient and
humane.
To conduct the affairs of the Penitentiaries in all their minutia: requires
a great many agents or employes upon whom we are compelled to rely
for faithful performance of their duties. It should not be expected in a
work of so much magnitude that no errors would be committed in the
care and treatment of the convicts.
In many departments of the prison work, however, the general treat-ment
and discipline I do not think CRn be excelled, as men of long and
faithful service preside, whose ripe experience and good judgment render
them the complete masters of the labor and the laborer.
Their treatment of the convicts is the outcome of long and practical
study of human nature.
It requires experience and practical association with prison manage-ment
to possess a knowledge of the best methods to adopt to secure the
best results. Cool, calm, deliberate effort, based on intelligence and ex-perience.
are essential to meet the full requirement; and to discharge the
duty fully and well requires a high order of patience, capacity and qual-ification.
. I have been able to retain in the service some of the oldest and most
experienced officials and employes, to whom I am under obligations for
the general improved condition in the treatment and discipline of the
convicts.
The inmates of the prisons are supplied with comfortable clothes and
wholesome food in sufficient quantities for comfort and health.
Exhibit 12, compiled from the monthly reports to my office, shows that
8 TEXAS STATE PE:XITE:XTIARIE~ ..
the ~OOd furnished the ?onvicts consists of bacon, beef, pork, corn meal,
floUl., coffee.,mola.ses, nee, potatoes, peas, beans, dried apples, grits and
hominy, onions, pickles, Vinegar, and a general line of vegetables in sea-
~on.. OI~the contra~t farms vegetables of the different varieties grown
m this climate are raised and fed the convicts in great abundance almost
t~e year round. There have been very few complaints among the con-
VICtsof lack of ample supply of food, although complaints have been re-ported
of the manner of its preparation for the table.
This. trouble has in a measure been removed, and the monthly reports
of the inspectors .how a great improvement in this particular.
LAHOR HEQUIHED OF ALL CONVICTS.
All p!·~s~n~rs ph.rsica:l.r able to work have been required to do hard
l~bol". !hISISnot re9111redsolely with the view of increasing the pecu-nrary
gam of the Penitentiary. I believe it to be an absolute necessitv
~s a preventive of discontent and unrest, and a potent means of reform-mg
criminals.
It has been the aim of the prison management to turn out the convict
upon the world a better man if possible than when he was received. I
believe lab?r essential to the accomplishment of this end, and a chari-table
gratuity as necessary to the comfort and conten tment of the convict
as sunlight is to health.
The official reports of the principal penal inseitutions or our country
dem~nstrate that labor is one of the best agencies employed in reforminz
convicts. e;
The morbid sentim~ntal idea that a great lllany have of the duty of
the St~te to bel' convicts .hou ld be met with stern facts. "It makes a
vast dIfference," says Superintendent Baker, of the New York State pris-ons,
"whether the State turns out from its prisons from 1000 to 2000
men each year, enfeebled in body and soul , conflrrncd in habits of idle-ness,
and c~estined to be either paupers and criminals, or whether they
shal~ be tram~d to work, braced up in courage and moral purpose, and
put III possession of a self-respor-t and self-reliance which the)" never knew
before. .
~ " Wit.hout employment for the convict, the prison administration will
be d~lusIv~ as a reformatory agency, a costlj mockery, the destroyer of
men m prison and the cau e of wider and greater degradation in the
State than now prevails."
H.ULHOA [) COXTHACTS.
At the present time there are contracts for nine railroad conviot forces
as follows: ,
Three on the Houston and Texas Central railroad.
Two on tile Southern Pacific railroad.
Two on tile Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe railroad.
One On the Missouri, Kansas and 'I'exas railroad,
One on the St. Lonis, Arkansas and Texas railroad.
. '~his labor bas been a source of profit to the institutions and satisfactory
111 its general results.
The~c?nvicts employed in these forces in a majority of instances prefer
the outside labor to the work confined indoors in the prisons proper.
REPORT OF SUPERIXTE~DENT. 9
·With the present needs for prison room in the walls and the absence of
other outside employment, I know of nothing the prisoner can be em-ployed
at that promises greater results. I~has its o?~e.ctionable f~atures,.
but must remain a part of the system until tile facilities for caring foi
them in the walls are increased or farm lands purchased on which to em-ploy
them profitably. This matter I treat of in another. place. .
For a detailed account of the receipts and expenditures of railroad
forces I refer you to Exhibit "E" of the Financial Agent's report,
which shows that the net receipts are 121,098.50, or a net earning per
capita of $9.99.
It should be understood, however, that the contracts are based on the
pre ent needs of the railroads for the convict labor, and the ability of the
prisons to spare the inmates. Thus it is not a sourc~ of revenu~ that can
be relied on, as the forces may be ordered or called in at any time,
l<'AR~I COXTRACT .
Convicts are employed on the contract farms as follows:
Nanle.
E.lI. Cunningham , Fort Bend County .
L. A. Ellis Fort Bend Countv .
'1'.\\'. House Fort Bend County .
P. J. ",YilJis &, Bro Brazoria County .
Ball Hutchin zs &: ('0 Brazoria County .
R. i. \\'hite ..~ Robertson County .
"'V. '\T. "'Vatts Robertson County .
R. L. Lewis Robertson C'oun ty .
Ed. ""Tilson Robertson County .
H. K. 'rhitc Burleson County .
Men.
210
150
60
60
60
50
55
50
65
50
The exclusive sugar raisers pay 17 per month; the sugar and cotton
planters ·16.50, and the cotton and corn planters ·15.50 per month.
The convicts employed on the farms are of the clas .whose lab~r can
not be utilized in the walls, consisting of negro convicts exclusively.
Thus it will be seen that the State is receiving remuneration for 810 con-victs
who could not otherwise be profitably employed.
These convicts as are those on the railroads, are under the immediate
care and protection of agents selected and appointed by the State. Th~se
azencies consist of serzeants camp physicians, and guards, whose duties
~ 0' J • d are fixed by the rules and regulations governing the prisons. It IS ma e
a special duty of these agents to see that the convicts are well fed, comfort-ably
clothed, and properly housed and cared for, and that in c~se of sick-ness
to have immediate medical attention. No convict is required to per-form
labor when he is physically unable to do so. .
On all these farms under the present contract the contractor furnishes
the food supply. From the monthly repor of the inspectors to my of-fice,
and from my own personal visits, I am able to report that the co~-
victs are generally supplied in abundance with such wholesome food as IS
provided by the contract,
The same trouble regarding the cooking and preparing the food is en-countered
here as on the railroads. It is a difficult matter to secure good
and industrious men who will take pride or interest in preparing food for
the convicts.
Constant attention is given to this matter by the inspectors, and all
10 TEXAS i;'I'ATE PEXITENTIARIRS.
practicable changes looking to the bettering of the condition are being
made as rapidly as possible.
Whenever complaints have been made by the convicts of a want of suf-ficiency
of food, and on investigation by the inspectors the complaint has
been sustained and the contractor informed, he has taken immediate ac-tion
towards the correction of the complaint.
ROGERS SHARE FARM.
The contract existing when I assumed the management of the Peniten-tiaries
with Colonel John D. Rogers to work his magnificent farm with
convicts on the share plan, has been renewed, and is still in force. On
this farm, as it is on the State farm at Harlem, only second-class and
short term convicts are employed, whose physical condition renders them
unprofitable anywhere else. This farm is situated in Brazos county, in
the fertile valley of the Brazos river, on the Gulf, Colorado and Santa
Fe railroad. It is well equipped and adapted to convict labor. It has
been operated during the past two years at a net profit of $18,533.77.
The option the State had to purchase this farm has been extended to
January 1, 1893.
Exhibit" G," Financial Agent's report, shows the operations of this
farm during the past two years.
TITE ST.\TE FAlDr, HAHLIDJ.
You are doubtless familial' with all the facts in connection with the
purchase and improvement of this property. This farm consists of 2788
acres of land, 2000 in a high state of cultivation. It has been an impor-tant
addition to our financial operations during the past two years, and
has clearly demonstrated the wisdom of our lawmakers, who made the
purchase of farm land for convict labor possible.
The machinery and buildings have all been kept in good repair at
heavy expense. .
The crops for the past two years have been fairly good, although the
prices obtained for the produce have been much lower than those received
at any other period in the history of the farm. This has reduced the re-ceipts
of the cotton and sugar crops very materially, but the greater yield
of the former has gone a long way toward off-setting the loss resulting
from the decline in prices. The acreage in cane, which is really the pay-ing
crop of the farm, has been increased to 850 acres in 1892 from 709
acres in 1890, which is about all the present machinery is capable of tak-ing
off within the required time. The late heavy freeze in the spring of
1892, and the drouth following it in the summer, have combined to re-duce
the probable yield of sugar this year, but the cotton and corn crops
are heavier than ever grown on the property.
I desire to call your attention to the scarcity of timber for fuel on this
farm. The wood necessary to take off the crop for the past two years
has been secured from adjoining lands, given for clearing the land and
preparing it for cultivation. This condition can not always exist, and it
is important that some action be taken at an early date to meet the re-quirement
of the farm in this particular.
'Vood lands are at a more reasonable price now than they will be within
•
REPOR'l' OF SUPERINTENDEN'r. 11
a short time, and it is a part of wisdom to secure lands for this purpose
as early as practicable.
It has been the custom to charge the convicts with the whole expenses
of maintenance to the crop, and to credit the farm with the crop receipts
each year. This has been continued the past two years. It is propel',
however to state that the convicts on this farm, as it was intended that
it should be, are second class negro convicts who could not be utilized at
other points profitably.
In addition to the 92 mules and other live stock required in making
the crop, there are on the place 240 hogs and 66 head of cattle. .
There has been no change in the supervisory management of this farm.
Captain R.. J. Ransom has been retained, and he has been very successful
in his administration of its affairs.
From the several previous biennial reports to your honorable Board, I
am able to present a recapitulation of the financial results since 1887, the
first year the farm was opera~ed by the State.
RECAPITULATION-NET 1'1WFITS.
Crop of 1887.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $~N~~ ~~ Crop of 1888 " . . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . .. . . . 38'378 46
Crop of 1889 , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ,
Crop of 1890 , . . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ~g~~~~ Crop of 1891.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
Crop of 1892 __ 3_8_,1_8_6_9_0
'l'otalnet profits , $229,968 62
WOOD A~D COAL.
The question of fuel in connection with the penitentiary system is a
very important one, and one I know to which your honorable Boar?, the
Governor and myself have given much thought. The rep~)l·tof ASSIstant
Superintendent Douglass showsthe amount of coal used dunng the p~st two
years. This coal is transferred over the Tyler an~ SOl~theastern.raI1road,
a distance of sixteen miles, at a cost to the Penitentiary of 6 per car
load.
When the blast furnace is in operation it consumes 3500 bushels, or
six cars of coal per day, at a cost of 30 daily. In addition to this coal
a great quantity of wood is consumed. . .
The wood, however, up to the present time, has been secured lll. the
neighborhood of the Rusk Penitentiary, and has been hauled by 1?rIson
teams. But the supply near this prison is about exhausted, and III the
future it will have to be secured from the present wood and coaling camp
at a considerable increase of cost. What is here said of Rusk applies
with equal force to Huntsville. The wood supply at Huntsv:ille has been
secured from lands purchased for the purpose four or five miles from the
prison, on or near the Huntsville branch of the Internat~onal and Gre~t
Northern railroad, and is brought to the prison over this road, necessi-tatinz
heavy expense to the Penitentiary. .
I know that your honorable Board is familiar with all the details of this
question, but for the information of the next Legislature I have presented
the situation as it exists.
12 TEXAS STATE PENITK\'TIARIER.
CONYEYING PRISO~ERS TO PE~ITE~TL\RrES.
By referring to Exhibit" L" of the report of the Financial Azent
~TohsotfhtransbfelTing prisoners from jails under the new svstern i~ Sho\vthn
e
r,38er0e8 av.e$ een 1916"prisoner.s transferred from jails atJ. a cost of 25-
~heI:ebYe'offI t1.3.33 per. capita, as against 14.75 under the old svsten~
the . 1 ec fm" z a savlllg of 1375.42, WhilCh abundantly demonJs,trates
WIseom 0 your honorable body in making the change.
THE HUNTSVILLE PENITENTIARY.
. This institution is under the immediate supervision of Ass' t t'S
mtendent J . G.' Sn1i1ther., whose accompanyi.ng report shows iInSadnetaiulptehre-
:~:a~~:~i~~t l~p~o~.ements, prison popula~ion, and how the force has
. .t' e urmg the two years endmg October 31 1892 Thi
Iep01 IS full and comprehensive and I do not d .' . IS
into a full discussion of the results shown by it eem It necessary to go
This Penitentiary beinsr flr t t bI" hI.
cessful operation th~n th~ IS es a IS ed, has more industries in sue-
Financial Agent. one at Rusk, as shown by the reports of the
Ther-e has b .
over the two P~:~i~~S~ne~~~a~~~o;~ett::~~cptiovpu.leation in the.walls
the indispensable force from 112 to 10- d Pfelcent, and a reduction of
22 to 16 The m .' . .D, an 0 general roustabouts from
compared' with fOl"l~~;a;'~%1?1s:thplsnson has decreased considerably as
Percentage of deaths for two years endinz October 31 1888 8
per cent. - '" ,., over
Percentage of deaths for two years ending October 31 1890 7~
per cent. ' , over z
o Percentage of deaths for two years endinz October 31 1892 Iittl
<J per cent. '" , 1 e over
DIPROVE)IENTS.
Assist~nt ~uperintendent Smither's report shows that durin th
tw~ years quite a nUJ?ber of valuable improvements have been ~ad:.past
~~l~~~i:!:~~~e~~~~p~~~id~!;eina~~ea::l\~. st~~~~ ~~~tii~~~i~e;; ~~~.~~el~
w .'. . as. een so constructed as to furnish a spacious school room
bl~~lC~~~~f d:~lge~eudca~~o:aC\~lec.~nvicdtstlWhO desir~ it the rudim.ental';
, I . <. e groun 001'of tins buildinv has b
proper! :qlllpped for the confinement of the insane. been
Other Improvements of importance h I b
electric Iizht plant and stea I c d avea so een added, embracing
blacksmith and paint shop rr; tun ry, .together ~ith additions to the
oial Aaent, For further deta'~ so ~entlOn the residence for the Finan-prove~
ents and repairs I refe ~1S a~ cos~of th~se a~d other minor im-report
and to th V' • I 1.YOUO AssistantSl1penntendent Smither's
, c e .t<lllanClaAgent's.
. The effort to secure at-tesi.an water has been unsuccessful Aft, h
mg gone a depth of 2202 f t ith . . er av-has
been abandoned All hee w~ no indication of water, the project
supply has not been lost, ope, owever, of securing an ample water
REPORT OF SUPERD'TENDE~T. 13
)!ANU!<'ACTURING INDUSTRIES.
The reports of Assistant Superintendent Smither and Financial Agent
Finley give in detail the operation of the different industries at Hunts-ville,
embracing the machine shops, furniture factory, wagon and black-smith
shops. Besides these, there are other minor factories which are
also embraced in the reports referred to.
The machine shop is under the management of Mr. C. II. Robinson,
whose efficiency has repeatedly been shown by the first-class work turned
out, and the great increase of business transacted by that department
during the past two years.
The furniture factory is under the supervision of Mr. Allen 'Wilson, a
gentleman of practical experience and success in other extensive furni-ture
factories. The output of this department has greatly increased,
and it has been impossible to supply the trade, which the Financial Agent
attributes chiefly to the character of the goods manufactured.
The wagon factory continues under the direction of Mr. J. T. Jarrard,
whose supervision has been efficient and thorough in all its details.
The wood camp, under the control of Mr. ,J, R. Murray, has supplied
the prison with all the wood consumed.
The Wynne farm has continued, under the management of Mr. J. B.
Abercrombie, to produce fair yield of the staple crops and abundance of
vegetables, which are consumed by the convicts at Huntsville. The net
value of the crops on this farm for the past two years was $13,539.36.
The Johnson farm, under the management of Mr. J. G. Bowden, is
cultivated almost exclusively by negro women convicts. The produce
of this farm, like that of the Wynne farm, is consumed at the Huntsville
Penitentiary. The net profits from this farm during the past two years
amount to $4,745.39.
The report of the Prison Physician, Dr. R. H. Bush, referred to in
another place in this report, shows a highly satisfactory and healthful
condition of the prison generally.
Rev. W. L. Kennedy, Chaplain, submits his report, which shows the
result of his labor among the convicts to be very salutary.
RUSK PENITENTIARY.
The report of Captain E. G. Douglass, Assistant Superintendent in
charge of the Rusk Penitentiary, accompanies this report. The principal
industries. at this prison embrace the machine shop and foundry, also the
manufacture of pig iron and water pipe. Captain Douglass' report in-dicates
how these industries have been conducted and the progress that
has been made at this prison during the past two years. This report and
that of the Financial Agent show that valuable additions have been made.
The most valuable improvement is the new pipe foundry. It is situated
outside the enclosure and is well built. This foundry was constructed
with the view of enlarging the capacity to manufacture water piping to
meet the increasing demand.
Mr. R. T. Carter, the energetic director of this department of prison
labor, expresses his belief that the new pipe foundry will have capacity
sufficient to consume the output of the" Old Alcalde" blast furnace.
14 TEXAS STATE PENITENTIARIES.
The old pipe foundry has been k t i
de~nand for this character of produ~~. III successful operatio~ to meet the
The report of the Financial Azent sho tha
of pig iron on hand which couldo not b ~~ t we have a large amount
munerative prices but the de d f e isposed of at anythiug like re-d
. ' man Or water pipe has be Iai I
an increasing annually which ft' d en au' y good
be able to readily dispos~ of all i:~' III uces me to believe that we shall
and water pipe. p" iron when manufactured into castings
The water system has been enlaraed b 'th . .
a capacity of 500 000 aallo f' "t } eel ection of a standpipe with
r • '" ns 0 wa e1'.
ThISsystem is very satisfactoril r arra 0' d' .
shops against loss from fire. } ugen, msuring the buildings and
TilE BLAST .FURNACE
is under the superior manaO'ement of .M' D r active operation 446 days d~" tl 1.. T. Jones. It has been in
th
' at pel'lo~ 8.935 .tons of pig iIrlollng. ie pa t· two yea,I's , pI.Oduuccimg duurrirng
. ~ll the inside industries are reported
<ittl?~, and Captain Douglas' statement
exhibits accompanying his report.
~o be in a most flourishing con-
IS borne out by the tables and
THE CO.\LTNG C.OIP
has been successfully conducted b C' .
coal for the two years endinz O~toba~~.t~~R. T. Stram. The output of
the previous two years by 37,500 bushels. ' 1892, exceeds the output of
at less expense and with less number of rr:he camp has been conducted
I convicts.
TilE LARnJo:R INSIDE IND STRms
under MI'. Frank Kavanaah show a . '
and together with the se~e~'al new' . stead~ growth. from year to year,
of the prison. industriss. have increased the output
The report of the Chaplain of the nis
gress in moral reformation arno . t]1 on ~hows very encouraging pro-
R 'ng re convicts
ev. J. H. Thorne has been ind f t'O' ble i '. wants of the convicts and has b e a loa e III hISattention to the spiritual
, as oeen very successful in his endeavors.
·\\,Ir.~T DTSPOSITIOX SILI.LL BJo: ~IADB '
. OE OUR INCREASED PlUsm~ POPCLATION?
Th~s question must be solved. Our .: ....
creasing, but our prison systern i t I pnson populatIOn IS rapidly in-
The expression of the De m ISt.no reepIllg pace with this increase
I S
mocra tC party in th " If'
ast tate Lesrislature clearlv i di t h ell p at orm and of the
upon State a"ccount. This J IIII rIeaf e t at the COnV. lCts. should be worked
out, it will be necessary to p a~h uPy endorse; but III order to carry it
negr~ convicts. I a~ of th~u~c)i~~e arms u~on which to work short-time
It IS evident that suitable f .1 lIO~that this should be done at once.
now than in the near futu . al; ~n s can be purchased at a lower price
vestigations in this direct~~~ Whie] a:-e bee~ .making some efforts and in-but
owing to unforeseen obst I c 1ale familiar to your honorable body
ae es nothing has been accomplished. Thi~
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 15
is one of the most important questions in connection with the future of
the penitentiary system. Lands can be had in the sugar belt as rich and
productive as the very best, at comparat.ively low fi&,ures,ranging in price
from $10 to 15 pel' a~e. In addition to the fertility of the soil, there is
no portion of the State that convicts can be located where they will in-terfere
so little with the citizenship, and come so little in contact or com-petition
with citizen labor. In fact I find that the citizens seem anxious
that the 'tate make the purchase of land for such purposes, believing
that the property purchased will be improved and thereby enhance the
value of the property in the vicinity.
In 'Wharton and Matagorda counties is situated some of the finest
land of the Sugar Belt, and at one time was highly improved and very
valuable.
Many of the fiue plantation!, in these counties have been neglected,
And the greater portion actuafly turned out, fences and buildings de-stroyed
or very much dilapidated.
If the policy,' as advocated by all political parties in Texas, is to be
carried oUtfil)& Twenty-third Legislature should make an appropriation
sufficient todJ,t least put the Penitentiary management in such position
as to acquire sufficient net earnings to keep pace with tlte increase of
prison population.
Our penitentiary system, like our great State, is in its infancy, and
the management will necessarily have to use great energy and foresight
to reach success in all its various departments.
Unlike older States, our prison population is growing, ann it requires
no sage to see that the time is at hand when we shall be compelled to
make additional room in all the different departments as well as to develop
new industries. •
In connection with this subject, I deem it only necessary to call your
attention to tlte results obtained on the farms now operated by the State.
Harlem is a fair example of what can be accomplished. It is true that
we have been measurably successful on contract and share farms, but
there are other things to be considered in connection with outside forces
that should not be overlooked.
I think the permanency of these forces of very great importance, from
the fact that when the property is owned by the State such buildings can
be constructed as will give comfort and an opportunity for religious ex-ercises,
which is very much appreciated b.V'the convicts, and I believe
has much to do toward securing the reform sought.
The taxpayers are interested in solving this question. It is they who
bear the expenses for the prisoners' confinement, trial and conviction.
Theil' opinions should have respectful attention and consideration. Every
expression coming from them as a body bears out the idea that the con-vict
should be either confined in the walls or placed upon farms owned
and operated by the State.
In carrying out this policy the Legislature can make but one mistake,
and that is in stopping too short in making appropriations for purchase
of lands. A sufficient acreage should be purchased to answer the require-ments
for years to come.
The exhibits show that the increase of prison population for the past
two years was 376. It is hoped measures will be taken to provide for
16
all emergencies arising from thi
population. continued large increase of prison
COXCLUDIXG.
I wish to state brief y that tl . I
derstood bv the officl:al~'a dletprtlSOn aws and rules are thoroughl y un-
J operations have been smc o"',ot•hn dur ua . 1a1s a result of theeill' 0bservance., all
If tl . I". " Ilng ie past two years.
ie re ief asked for ISgIven-and i it 0" • • • rying out party pledO'es and bli n.I s bl.antlllg It will only be car-
permI.tted to carrv out'"'the ' detaiplsu flCtheexspvectatlO.ns - and tlie 0 ffileciia1S are
tical way, the ne;t two years w:l~~v't e solstem
d
In a methodical and prac-public
demand. 1 ness an a vance commensurate with
The enlargement of the present s . t
prevent the contIict certain to a" i em presents the only remedy to
change so radical can not be m~~lI:einI~mnecessarJ.' cOl:npetition. But a
tained which will enable the a day. Legtelation shonld be ob-occurred
in Our les favored Smtaantaezse,mont to cavoid sncl1 con tII·Cts as have
If the suggestions and recommendations I mal'
system by the purchase of additional f. 1 d re to perfect tItJ present
tlre onI.r ~elleral appropriation needed iasrtmhat aonf s are not to be ca . I t > - 0 000. rriec on ,
any deficienoy ariSing in case of drouth fir . D, pel annum to meet
lamity, and the usual appropriation of '201do~1a~y other unforeseen ca-penses
of conveyinO' the prisoners to tl e '.) 'pel ~nnum to pay the ex-were
sentenced. b I I eniteutiary from where they
Great credit is due the prison officials for tl
my administration of prison aff '. d re good results reached in
I succee ded, for his untirinz kinadinrse, san~I to the lI.o"n T J ".Goree, whom
official career. v iown me In the begmning of my
The Assi tant Superintendents Cantai
lass, of the Huntsville and Rusk' aI? alll~ J: G. Smither and E. G. Doug-incalculable
value in the manaO'e~:~~t::~a~~es .r~~pectively, hav.e been of
, The P?siti?n of Assistant Superintendent ~:c~~:~e of th:~e pns~ns.
ified to flll ; It requires a man full of ood t 0' hatveIJ. few ale qual-of
discretion, with all great gOOdnessgof] Jll,~bm~nt, full of firmne~s, full
stan t danger; they come direct] T in contao . . . hese officers ~r.em con-danO'erous
men in th .: ,J act WIth the most VICIOUSand
the prisons. e pnsons, and are responsible for the diSCipline of
2~Oe;rne~tl.r recommend that the salaries of these officers be raised t
M rhel aknnum. I am thoroughly satisfied that they deserve it 0
Y an s are due Mr. R W Finle F' . I . .
man~er for the kindness anci co'urtes ~ho mancia Agent, m an especial
creditabla manner in which he has !o d w: dm~~and ~or the .able and
ment.. n uo e tile affairs of hIS depart-
Inspectors Green and Dix] " . .
creditable manner. It affordso~elave p~Ifolmed their dutIes. in a very
assistance in the enforcement of tblea;ll1~ to acknowledge their valuable
improving the general condition 0: e~~~entlary rules,. thereby greatly
once in each month and oft if on. 1 e camps, which they inspect
T ' . ener I required.
muchhegyohoadv. e been VIgilant, and their efforts have been productive of
I wish to express my sincere thanks to your Board Officially and per-
REPORT OF SUPERIXTEXDEXT. ]3
)IANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.
The reports of Assistant Superintendent Smither and Financial Agent
Finley give in detail the operation of the different industries at Hunts-ville,
embracing the machine shops, furniture factory, wagon and black-smith
shops. Besides ~ese, there are other minor factories which are
also embraced in the re~orts referred to.
The machine shop is under the management of Mr. C, II. Robinson,
whose efficiency has repeatedly been shown by the first-class work turned
out, and the great increase of business transacted by that department
during the past two years.
The furniture factory is under the supervision of Mr. Allen "Wilson, a
gentleman of practical experience and success in other extensive furni-ture
factories. The output of this department has greatly increased,
and it has been impossible to supply the trade, which the Financial Agent
attributes chiefly to the character of the goods manufactured.
The wagon factory continues under the direction of Mr. J. T. Jarrard,
whose supervision has been efficient and thorough in all its details.
The wood camp, under the control of Mr .. J. R. Murray, has supplied
the prison with all the wood consumed.
The Wynne farm has continued, under the management of Mr. J. B.
Abercrombie, to produce fair yield of the staple crops and abundance of
vegetables, which are consumed by the convicts at Huntsville. The net
value of the crops on this farm for the past two years was $13,539.36.
The Johnson farm, under the management of Mr. J. G. Bowden, is
cultivated almost exclusively by negro women convicts. The produce
of this farm, like that of the Wynne farm, is consumed at the Huntsville
Penitentiary. The net profits from this farm during the past two years
amount to 4,745.39.
The report of the Prison Physician, Dr. R. H. Bush, referred to in
another place in this report, shows a highly satisfactory and healthful
condition of the prison generally.
Rev. W. L. Kennedy, Chaplain, submits his report, which shows the
result of his labor among the convicts to be very salutary.
RUSK PENITENTIARY.
The report of Captain E. G. Douglass, Assistant Superintendent in
charge of the Rusk Penitentiary, accompanies this report. The principal
industries at this prison embrace the machine shop and foundry, also the
manufacture of pig iron and water pil~. Captain Douglass' report in-dicates
how these industries have been conducted and the progress that
has been made at this prison during the past two years. This report and
that of the Financial Agent show that valuable additions have been made.
The most valu[.~l~ improvement is the new pipe foundry. It is situated
outside the enClOsure':i,[ld is well built. This foundry was constructed
with the :iew Of.,~nlarging,..the capacity to manufacture water piping to
meet the mcreasr 10' demand.
Mr. R. T. Cai 'e~' the energetic ~irector of this department of prison
labor, expresses l~is' belief that the nilw pipe foundry will have capacity
sufficient to consu~e the output of the ,~Old Alcalde" blast furnace.
TEXAS STATE PEXITEXTIARIE:::i.
The old pipe foundry has been kept in successful operation to meet the
demand for this character of product.
TI~e~'eport of the Fi~ancial Agent shows that we have a large amount
of pig u:on on. hand which could not be disposed of at anything like re-mun~
ratlve .pnces, but the demand for water pipe has been fairly zood
and lllCreaSIng annually, which fact induces me to believe that we ~hall
be able to readily dispose of all pig iron when manufactured into castings
and water pipe.
The ,:ater system has been enlarged by the erection of a standpipe with
a capacity of 500,000 gallons of water.
This sJ·~tem is very satisfactorily arranged, insuring the buildings and
shops against loss from fire.
1'111'; BLAST FURNACE
is under the superior management of Mr. D. T. -Iones. It has been in
active operation 446 days during the past two years. producing durinz
that period 8935 tons of pig iron, ,'" '"
, ~ll the inside industries are reported to be in a most flcurishina con-dition,
and Captain Douglass' statement is borne out by the tabl~s and
exhibits accompanying his report.
TIlE COALING CA:UP
has been successfully conducted by Captain R. T. Strain. The output of
coal for ,the two years ending October 31, 1892, exceeds the output of
the prevrous two years by 37,500 bushels, The camp has been conducted
at less expense and with less number of convicts,
THE LARG ER INSIDE INDUSTRIES,
under ~r. F.ran~ Kavanagh, show a, steady: growth from year to year,
and together WIth the several new industries have increased the output
of the prison.
Th~ report of the Ch~plain of the prison shows very encourazinc pro-gress
In moral reformation among the convicts. 0 '"
Rev. J. H. Thorne has been indefatigable in his attention to the spiritual
wants of the convicts, and has been very successful in his endeavors.
WHAT DISPOSITION SIULL BE 3lADE OF OUR INCREASED PRISON POPl:LI.TION?
oTh,is question mus,t be solved~ Our prison population is rapidly in-creasing,
but ?ur prison system ISnot keeplllg pace with this increase.
The expres~lOn of the Democratic party in their platform and of the
last State Legislature clearly indicate that the convic ' should be worked
upon. Sta~e account. This plan I fully endorse; J" L ~~\ order to carry it
out, It wlll,be necessary to purchase farms upon - ,-,ut it> work short-time
negr? con.vlCts. I am. of the opinion that t~ieflo~hich done at once.
It IS eVI.dent that SUItablefarm landsa~v~" ,13 should It! at a lower price
now,tha~ III ~he n~ar future. We h.£:' can be purchase~e efforts and in-vestlga~
lOns In this direction whi~:; .rve been makinO' sorhonorable body
but OWIngto unforeseen obs~_o; oil are familial' to YoWomplished. Thi~
.lo•ll1esnothing has been ar
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. - 15
is one of the most important questions in c?nnection with the f~ture of
the penitentiary system. Lands can be .had III the sugar belt ~s r~ch a~d
productive as the very best, at comp~ratlvely low ~I?ures, rangll~g III pn~e
from 10 to '15 per acre. In addition to the fertility of the SOlI,t~er~ IS
no portion of the State th~~ conv~cts can be locat~d '~here they w,Ill in-terfere
so little with the citizenship, and come so lttt~e:m contact 01 c.om-petition
with citizen labo/" In fact I find that the citizens seem ar:x1?us
that the State make the purchase of land for such purposes, believing
that the property purchased will be improved and thereby enhance the
value of the property in the vicinity.
In 'Vllarton and Matagorda counties is situated some of the finest
land of the Sugar Belt, and at one time was highly improved and very
valuable. ,
Many of the fine plantations in these counti~s have been .ne?,lected,
and the greater portion actually turned out, fences and buildings de-stroyed
or very much dilapidated. .
If the policy, as advocated by all political parties in Texas, IS ~o ,be
carried ont, the Twenty-third Legislature should make ~n appropl'l~t~on
sufficient to at least put the Penitentiary management In such position
as to acquire sufficient net earnings to keep pace with the increase of
prison population. 0 ,,"
Our penitentiary system, like our great State, IS III ItS infancy, ,and
the management will necessarily have to use great energy and foresight
to reach success in all its various departments.
unlike older States, our prison population is growing, ann it requires
no saze to see that the time is at hand when we shall be compelled to
make~'tdditionalroom in all the different departments as well as to develop
new industries.
In connection with this subject, I deem it only necessary to call your
attention to the results obtained on the farms now operated by the State.
Harlem is a fail' example of what can be accomplished. It is true that
we have been measurably successful on contract and share farms, but
there are other things to be considered in connection with outside forces
that should not be overlooked.
I think the permanency of these forces of very great impor~an?e, from
the fact that when the property is owned boy the State such buildings can
be constructed as will give comfort and an opportunity for religious ex-ercises,
which is very much appreciated by the convicts, and I believe
has much to do toward securing the reform sought.
The taxpayers are interested in solving this questi,on, It is the~' ~YhO
bear the expenses for the prisoners' confinement, trial and con viction.
Their opinions should have respectful attention and consideration. Every
expression coming from them as a body bears out the idea that the con-vict
should be either confined in the walls or placed upon farms owned
and operated by the State. .
In carrying out this policy the Legislature can ma~{e.but one mistake,
and that is in stopping too short in making appropriations for purcl~ase
of lands. A sufficient acreage should be purchased to answer the requtre-ments
for years to come.
The exhibits show that the increase of prison population for the past
two years was 376. It is hoped measures will be taken to provide for
16 TEXAS STATE PE~ITKNTIAlnES.
all emergencies arising from this continued large increase of prison
population.
COXCLUDIXG.
I wish to state briefly that the prison laws and rules are thoroughly un-derstood
by the Officials,and that, as a result of their observance, all
operations have been smooth during the past two years.
If the relief asked for is given-and in its granting it will only be car-rying
out party pledges and public expectations-and the officials are
permitted to carry ont the details of the system in a methodical and prac-tical
way, the next two years will witness an advance commensurate with
public demand.
The enlargement of the present system presents the only remedy to
prevent the conflict certain to arise from necessary competition. But a
change so radical can not be made in a day. Legislation should be ob-tained
which will enable the management to avoid such conflicts as have
occurred in our less favored States.
If the suggestions and recommendations I make to perfect the present
system by the purchase of additional farm lands are not to be carried out,
the only general appropriation needed is that of $50,000 per annum to meet
any deficiency arising in Caseof drouth, fire, or any other unforeseen ca-lamity,
and the usual appropriation of $20,000 per annum to pay the ex-penses
of conveying the prisoners to the Penitentiary from where they
were sentenced.
Great credit is due the prison officials for the good results reached in
my administration of prison affairs, and to the Hon. T. J. Goree, whom
I succeeded, for his untiring kindness shown me in the beginning of my
official career.
The Assistant Superintendents, Captains J. G. Smither and E. G. Doug-lass,
of the Huntsville and Rusk Penitentiaries respectively, have been of
incalculable value in the management and discipline of these prisons.
The position of Assistant Superintendent is one that very few are qual-ified
to fill; it requires a man full of good judgment, full of firmness, full
of discretion, with all great goodness of heart. These officers are in con-stant
danger; they come directly in contact with the most vicious and
dangerous men in the prisons, and are responsible for the discipline of
the prisons.
I earnestly recommend that the salaries of these officers be raised to
$2000 per annum. I am thoroughly satisfied that they deserve it.
My thanks are due Mr. R. W. Finley, Financial Agent, in an especial
manner for the kindness and courtesy shown me, and for the able and
creditable manner in which he has conducted the affairs of his depart-ment.
Inspectors Green and Dixon have performed their duties in a very
creditable manner. It affords me pleasure to acknowledge their valuable
assistance in the enforcement of the Penitentiary rules, thereby greatly
improving the general condition of outside camps, which they inspect
once in each month, and oftener if required.
They have been vigilant, and their efforts have been productive of
much good.
I wish to express my sincere thanks to your Board officially and per-
17 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
sonall for the uniform O6lutesy shown me, and to Gov~rnor J~mes S.
Hogg ~or the distinguis~ed h?nor confeI:red upon me by-his appomtment
and for his kindly conSIderatIOnand assistance.
•. Very respectfully yours, WFIATLEY
L. A. ,
Superintendent of Penitentiaries.
'I-Pen.
PRISON ROSTER.
State Penitentiary Board.
F. R. LUBBOCK,Chairman..... . . .. . Austin.
A. P. WOOLRIDGE , , , Austin.
E. B. SMYTH " '" " .Mexia.
J. W. SPIVEY, Secretary Austin.
Superintendent of Penitentiaries.
L. A. WHATLEy : Huntsville.
Financial Agent of Penitentiaries.
R. W. FINLEY Huntsville.
Inspectors of Outside Camps.
Sill H. DIXON Dallas.
L. M. GREEN Athens.
Huntsville Penitentiary.
JAMESG. SMITHER,Assistant Superintendent , .. Huntsville.
R. H. BUSH, Physician. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Huntsville.
W. L. KENNEDY,Chaplain , " '" .. , Huntsville.
Rusk Penitentiary.
E. G. DOUGLASS,Assistant Superintendent Rusk.
N. M. HARRISON,Assistant Financial Agent Rusk.
W. G. JAMESON,Prison Physician Rusk.
J. H. THORNE,Prison Chaplain Rusk.
EXHIBITS.
EXHIBIT NO. 1.
Monthly changes in Prtson Population from November 1, 1890, to October 31, 1892.
·Months.
On hand Novernber- 1 .. ...... ,,, ...... 1890 3,199 November .... .................... 1890 51 1 64 3 5 3,174 December. ............ 1890 122 4 82 9 2 3,204
January ... ............ 1891 65 4 98' 6 4 8,162 February ... 1891 62 1 88' 1 1 8,134
March .•.. "I 1891 97 4 701 1 8 3,155
April. ... ................. ':qm 158 5 71 11 3 3,282
May .. .......................... 95 1 ~!' 6 4 3,268
.June .... 1891 100 8 7 10 8,299 .July .... 1891 119 4 85 8 8 8 8,823
August ............. 1891 48 2 65 7 4 7 3,290
September 1891 32 5 79 7 3 4 3,234
October .. ............ . ............... ... 1891 104 3 91 1 7 4 3,238
November .. 1891 134 4 59 2 4 4 3,307
December .. .............. 1891 133 2 68 1 4 3,369
January .. ................. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ... . 1892
19~1
2 60 4 4 3 3,408
February ........................ 1892 2 80 3 4 4 3,402
March ... 1892 107
1
1 76 3 5 5 3,421 April. 1892 175 5 74 10 13 3 3,501 May .. 1892 141 9 61 9 16 5 3,560 June .. 1892 103 "" .. 44 6 9 G 8,598 July ..... .... .......... ::: 1892 77, 3 52 8 10 11 2,597
August ... ............
i saz "I ' "' s 5 8 3,~~3
September .............. ... 1892 60 3 63 5 5 6 3,537
October "11892 ~ __ 2 __ 7_3:..:.:.:.:.:. 8 3 3,575
Total. .. ................. ... 2,33~ 70 1,669 116 130 114
Sumrna?·y.
Total number of convicts on band November 1, 1890 .
Total number of convicts received since November 1,1890 .
Total number of convicts recaptured since November 1, 1890 .
'rotal ,.", 5,604
Less.
'I'otal number of convicts disoharged since :November 1, 1890 .
'I'otal number of convicts pardoned since November 1, 1890 .
'I'otal number of convicts escaped since November 1, 1890 .
"I'otal number of convicts died since November 1,1890 .
Total number of convicts on hand October 31, 1892 " .
1,669
116
130
114-2,029
3,575
20 TEXAS STATE PENITENTIARIES.
EXHIBIT NO.2.
Biennial Changes According to Counties of Conviction.
1
00
'
00 • ~.-< From Nov. I, 1890, to Oct. 31, 1892.
.~ . ~"''"-< » >' ~o
I
I
~..; gz -0 -0 0"
Counties. ~ " " -0 ,,0
-0 ...
I
'H 0,," " t" " ,•.,."~ :"- P- " ~ -"0 "0,"," " ~ 0 A .o~o " "" " ,," -0 S.c=~
E '" c o ,... o """, " " A " " 00 z 0.-< ~ ;>; p., R A z"O"."-,< --- -- ---- -- -- -- ---
Aransas .
Atascosa ..
Anderson ..
Archer .
Angelina .
Austill.
Armstrong.
Bandera .
Bastrop .
Baylor ..
Blanco
Brazos ..
Brazoria
Bee ..
Bell ..
Bexar .....
Brewster _,
Bosq ue . . .
~~~~~.~~..... '" - .. , .
Burleson
Burnet ....
Caldwell.
Calhoun ...
Cameron.
Camp ...
Carson
Cass.. . .
Clay .
Chambers.
Cherokee. . :: ~~:: :::: . 8~L~F.:~::~:::s::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Collin .............•.....................•....... ~~~I~~:;"e~:~.·~.:·:":~:~:.~'~:~.:.:::~:.:.:': Cooke.. . .
Coryell . 1!~t.H E.astland . I~;.r Fort Bend... . ".
Galveston ::::::: :::: - .
Grayson .
Guadalupe
Gregg...... . . g:f~:~pje:: :::::~:::::: . Grimes. . . i§t~h•• H· Harrison ::: .
12
42
I
29
3
32
14
53
16
4
35
154
2
10
37
12
20
17
22
39
16
20
5
3 8.
24
13
20 .
3
2 ._
20 .
1
3.
30
20 .
11
33
131
4 ..
5 .
32 .
4. 24
5.
17
1
20
9
2
10 ..
7.
4
29
"'7 :
1
24
30 ! .
2
17
6
71
3
11
222
32
19
32
41
8
14
39
12 51
4
24
21
3
3
24
8
21
1
60
30
20
49
38
11
5
29 .
4.
29
20 ..
28
43
25
46
1
14
89
38
63
16
10
I1
1
23 .
8
18 2
3 .•..•.
5 .
7 .....•
93 2
27 .
21
4
33
65
121
26
20
12
16
7
40
9
22
105
70
7
26 ...
1
19 2 .
2 .
20
28 .
64
...
18
78
3
17 ...
7
11 ..
10
9 ..•.
20
10
8
2 ..
9 .
1 .
2 2
17
23
1 ....
8
18
6
36
5
12
13
I
1 .
9 •.•..
2 I
9 2
2
29
15
18
28
20 .
13
2
10
2 .
4
3 ••..•.
3 •.•.•.
2
1
13
.
I2
3
12
37
1
4
27
2
3
29
26
55
29
11
45
190
69
51
7
32
10
211
1
311
1&
2
21
S
4
51
11
1
37
43
7
If
2
36
11
76
3
22
24
4
2
25
10
35
3
55 3Z
29
60
41
34
1
21
11
30
61
119
30
17
2
27
8
38
767
141
58
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
~HIBIT NO.2-continued.
Biennial Changes According to Counties of Conviction.
21
00 •
1
00
•
~'" From Nov. 1, 1890, to Oct. 31,1892. ~'-< .c,g~,z:0;: ~ -0 .,0"~',""~0
Counties. d'g ~ '" '" -0 " OJ! -0 '8",
" E '" '" •.. " 2"~"o ':"- " " '" A '" 0 A 2~c-l " ", S~~ c c ~ '" o" "" S~~ z"0.-< ~'" ~'" A p"., ~ A'" z~o.-< --- -- --- -- -- -- ---
Hartley ..
Haskell .
Hays.
HernphiJl ..
Henderson.
Hidalgo ..
Hill .
Hood .
Hopkins
Howard .
Honston .
Hunt ...
Irion ..
Jack ....
Jackson.
Jasper. .
Jeff Dav is .
Jefferson .
Johnson .
Jones. . .
Karnes .
Ka.ufman ..
Kendall .
Kerr .
Kimble .
Kinney .
Knox.
Lamar ....
Lampasas.
La Salle.. . .
Lavaca .
Llano ..
Lee.. . .
Leon ..
Liberty .
Ltmest.one ..
Live Oak ..
Madison.
Marion.
Mason........ . :: :::::::: .
Matagorda... . .
Maverick ".
Martin... .. :::::::::: :::::::: :::::: ::::
Medina .
Menard .
Midland . ~~tf~~'~:::' .
Mitcllell .
Montague.... . .
Montgomery. ~~r~~;)a~ .
McCulloch .
McMullen
Nacogdoches: .
~:~~~~o: ::~::: :::::: ::::
~~~ac~s'"
OOlrdahnagme'" '" .
Palo PIli to. '" .
PPaanrkoelar .
Pecos.. . .
~residiO:. ~. p~i~~~:'" . RaIns . . .
Red River::'
RReefuegvelos . ..••.....•••.....••......
Robertso'~'''''''''''''''''' . Rockwall" .
Runnells:::::: :::: :::::: ':: .
1
1 1
28 11
2 .
16 8
9 10
23 14
10 .
28 10
2 2.
23 12
44 19
1
10 3.
5 3
3 5
1 ..
3 4 .
14 10
1 6
7 3
17 11
8 1
6 6.
1 1
15 7
1 1
66 32 .
11 5
15 5
22 20
2 4.
4 12
10 4.
11 15
26 18
7 8
3 5
12 6 ..
10 1
4 7
10 10
2 2
8 11 1
3 1
4 2.
43 37
2 11
16 13 .
2 13
17 7
1 8
73 39
7 2
4 2
29 17
44 29
7 2
1 3
20 20
3
4 3
5 7
17 5.
21 24
1
17 2
19 19
1 2
4 4
24 18
7
1 1
51 47
1
bf2
1
12 1
33 1 6
54 6 5
10
13
14
8 3 I
5 1 1
16 1 4 1
5 .
I .
2 .
54 2 2
34 3
13 .
2 ...
8
4.
13
2.
9
1
15 ...
26
7 ..
4 ..
2 ..
37
3
12
6
28
34
4
8
10
1 ....
8.
44
15 .
4.
6 2 .
1
2
5
26
2 .
1 1
2
26 2
4 1
7 1 1
11 2 2.
64
.
44 3
3 1
2
14
22
7 ...... ......
8
2.
3 .
2
9
13
7
12
1
12
29
2 .
1
16
16
22
6
25
3
15
37
16
46
13
14
6
4
14
9
5
11
25
1
2. 2
12
. .
14
2
61
10
12
32
57
9
21
28
93
10
89
14
1
12
23
50
8
20
2
17
4
61
54
31
49
14
29
1
4
10
11
27
1
11
24
35
30
6
2
66
22 TEXAS STATE PENITENTIARIES.
EXHIBIT NO.2-continued.
Biennial Changes Accordinq to Counties of Conviction.
Counties.
1 1
1 .
1 .
~..: From Nov. 1,1800, to Oct. 31, 1892. ~;i
:; o io> ~---.,.-------..,.--.,.--~--I:C;o·
gZ 'g 'd 80
6'g 'g ~ ~ 'g rd c'g
~~o .~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -d 2~~ Zs c~ g ~ ~ ~ ~ E c~ 0'" ~ ~ A il< F1 H Z 0 •••
----------------I·~- -- -- --- ----- _
Rusk .
Sabine _ .
San Augustine .
San Jacinto .
San Patricio.', .
San Saba .
Scurry _..
Shackleford. . . . •. .. . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 ....
Starr.................................. 15 13
Shelby. 14 9
Stephens.. 1 4
Swisher.. .. .. ....••.. 3 .
Smith 24 15 3 10 .
Somervell ... .. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . 1 1 ..
Tarrant.......................................... 58 51 35 2 69
Taylor.... 11 5 9 7
Travis.................................. 55 51 36 3 66
Titus..... 12 3 5... 10
Trinity....... 9 5 . 3 9
Tom Green.. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 7 . 11
Tyler,................ 5 4 3 6
Upshur... 13 1 10 1... 3
Uvalde 15 5 9 1 10
Val Verde....................................... 4 4 Ii
Van Zandt..... 14 5 12
Victoria. .. :... 12 1'4...... 3 3 20
Walker............... 26 12..... 9 4 1 24
Waller................................... 8 11 7 12
Washington 4116 2
1
8
6 1
177 2.1..... "'i! 4
2
9
Wharton . 5
Webb 48 35 19 59
Wheeler. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 8 . 3 2 ... 3
Wichita.................................. 8 12 3 2 ... 16
Wilbarger.............................. .. 8 12 1 1 1 17
Williamson...... 39 28 15 1 1 50
Wilson.................................. 9 11 3 . 1 16
Wise................................ 14 8 1 7 2 .... 1 13
r"o,:':g.,"':::::::::::::::::::::::::::" 1~ ~ I ~ .. 11' .. 2 1~
Zapata................................. _.~6 _._43 __ '_1 .:2_._. _..'_._ ~ ...'1_73 Zavala~ .
Total.................. 2,199 2,335 701 1.669 116 130 1141 3,575
11 1
5 .
14 .
6 .
3 . 2 •.....
1 .
12
25
8 ...
1 ..
5
23
38
14
2
8
9
4
2.
19
5
15
11
44
1
15
19
32
28
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
'"'EXHIBIT NO.3.
Prenious P1LI'Suits.
I
~~ From Nov. 1, 1890, to Oct. 31, 1892., ~;i
~~ -- --;-'1 -e I ~8
cog 'g ~ ~ ~ 'd "erg
2~o ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ "C ~~G'i
___ ZEO='"~ ~g ~g ~ ~ ~ ~ I s =~ I A il< ---1---I-F1-A ZO~ 4 1.. 4
10 ·9 9 9
1 .. 1
64 26 21 3 60
~~ I!::::, ~ ~ ~~ 14 8 10 11
15 11 1 7 20
11 4 2. ...113
62 31 26 4 1 41 58
28 48 23 10 2 .. 41
6 3 2 1 6
5 1 .. 2 4
89 64 .. 47 97
1 4 ... 5
1 .. 1
3 . 2 7 7
4 ... 4
3 .. 2
2 . 1
10
5
6 1 . 1
9 72 . 30 2 1 4
2,546 1,800 66 1,349 83 113 91 --- --- -- --- --- --- ---
3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 114
Occupations.
Agente, life insurance .....
Bakers and confectioners. . .
Bankers .
Barbers .
Barkeepers .
Blac ksrnf ttis .
Brickmasons .
Butchers .
Cabinetmakers ..
Carp en ters.
Clerks and bookkeepers ..
Cigarmakers . .
Civil engineers... . .
Cooks
Dentists .
Flng raver-s .
Factory spinners and weavers .
Firemen .
Foundrymen .
Gas fitters and plumbers ..
Gilders............ .• ~~~~:~~~~ :~~::.: ::::::::: ::::1 .
~~~,~e~~~B' .:.:':; :::::::::: ::::: :::::: :1:' Liverymen. .1
Lawyers.
Moulders.. . ,
Machinists and engineers ::: ,..
Merchants .
M!llers1 miIl, and ginwrights .
M~nisters of the gospel ' .
MIners . , .
Musicians. I Opticians .
Painters .
Printers... .
~~umbers . .. .
Ph
otograPhers. .. .. . . .
ysicians and druggists ..
~eddlers .
S:d~l~a:l~d~1ar~~essmak'e~s::
Servants and nurses.. ::: ::::::::: .
School teachers
~~~~v~;e~ers . '" :::: .. .
Soldiers .. :::: .
~~~e~~tters and' iiiusons .
Tailors anci·sea·mst~e·s·ses:
T~legraph operators .
TIn. br aas , and coppersmiths .
~~;~:l~:l:igiit·s················· .
MIscellaneous ::: .
No trade or profession.
'rotal
2.
2.
1
24
2.
11
2.
15
3
1 ...
31
11
3
97
14
1
3
7
2
2 ..
1 .
2 ..
2.
======= =========== === ==== ==== =
No. conv!cts w~th trades or professions .....
No. conVICtsWIthout trades or professions ..
Total ..
13
2
113
..
8 .
44
..
29 .
9
1 .
10 .
3.
3 ..
23 .
8.
3 .
1 ..
3 .
48
2 ..
18 ..
8
17 ..
3.
12
6 .
33 17
83 113
653 535 "'!" 4 320
2,546 1,800 66 1,349
70 1,669 116 130 114
41
24
2
274
5 ..
16
3
19
19
18
10
36
4
9
3.
3,199 2,335
23
121
13
19
54
44 n
2
4
107
3
45
8
3
1
3
51
4
28
19
21
124
2
4
11
10
. 5~
44
2,776
3,575
799
2,776
3,576
23
91
24 TEXAS STATE PENITEN1'IARIES.
EXHIBIT NO.4.
Nativity.
Republic of United States of America.
Alabanla ..
Arkansas ....
California _,_
Ootorado .....
Connecticut.
Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .:':; .
District of Columbia.
Detaware
~lorida ...
Georgia.
Illinois.
Indiana _ .
Iowa ,_ , ..
Kansas ,_. . .
Kentucky.
Louisiana.
Maine :::: .
Mon ta na _..
Ma.ryja.nd .
Massachusetts.
Michigan.. . .
~Mrntn:ea:o~tu ~:.r:p::l:::~::: . - -
Nebraska....... . _,
~ew Hampshire .
N:~~~~k~y-························· Nevada ~.. . .
North Carolina .
g~~~~~.: :::::::::.. PSeonunthsylCvaarnoialina... . .
Tennessee. . .
Texas......... . . ~Y~%IK·i;~i~···::·::·:::·::::::::·· Wisconsin .
Not stated....... :::::: :::::: :::::::: ....
The'I:'erritories.
Total .
From Nov. 1, 1890, to Oct. 31, 1892.
,,; ,,;
,,; e c '0 '" ,,; e e >- ~ .'"c" 0"~ ":0.
" " f;l '0 " '0 " o ~e ~" A I"l"< Rf;l A"
--- -- --- -- --
163
110
31
12
100 ... 65 8
44 32 2
10 7 ..
2 1 ....
2 .. 1
11
1 . 83
.
27
98
44
22
II
84
136
1
44
180
119
34
2316
3
25
107
56
22
9
4
81
137
1
4
96
1
156
118
REPORT OF SUPERIN'fENDENT.
EXH~IT NO.4-continued.
Nativity.
tr:l ~ III P 'Q1""'l 'Prom Noy. I, 1890, to Oct. 31, 1892. 'Q;;
'> > i----c----.,.-----;---c----.,.--i·~ t gz 'd 'd go
'O~ 'd e ~ 'g ~ o~
~d ~ E ~ c e ~§ . ~.c=g .~ 3 .g ~ ~ "C s'-~ ; g~ S. s ~ ::. ~ ~ p g~
______________ i...:z~ '"_'_ '"' •_.._• •._.•_ '"' '"_' _z__
Foreign Countries.
Austria .
Australia ..
Belgium.... . .
Bohemia .
British Columbia .
Canada ..
China ··················•·····
Denmark.
England .....
France
Germany .
Greece ..
Holland .
Italy .
Ireland .
Mexico .
Nova Scotia ..
Russia .
Sweden and Norway .
Switzerland ....
Scotland.
Spain .
South America .
'West Indies .
Totals
2 1
5 2
20 2
12
2
57 16 15
7 4 .. 5
38 27 . 31
1 1
1 1
2 2
52 19 8 2
243 209 1 143 2
1 1
2 1
2 2 .'
3 3
3 2 1
1 1
2.
451 303 221
3
1
2
4
1
26
2
56
6
2 31
22
1 60
12 288
15
RECAPITULATION.
=======11========1===
Totals ..
Natives of Texas .
Natives of other States and Territories.
Tot.al natives of U. S. of North America.
Natives of foreign countries
1,274 1,217 45 839 55 67 59 1,516
1,474 815 24 609 52 55 40 1,557
--- --- -- --- -- -- -- ---
2,748 2,032 69 1,448 107 222 99 3,073
451 303 1 221 9 8 15 502
--- --- -- --- -- -- -- ---
3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 114 3,575
:25
563 424 .... 'g"
36 22 1
Ill .. 101
6 8
4~ 3~61 70 58 5
1 1
1 1
6 6 .. 7
1210. 12.
3 8 ·4
2 1 . 2
139 65 42
116 63 50
2 1
4 1 .. 5
6 3 . 9
45 38 28 3 51
1 1 1 1
6~ 1~. 1 17 1 I 61
18 32 13 2 .3
2219 ... ll .. I .... 2~
d~f .1,2~i 4~ 8H' 5i 6~" 5~ 1'~~~
~: 28 35 4 41 37
5 8 3 . ..' 1~
38 2~' 2 15 3 I 4i
2,748 2,03269 1,4481107 1221----;;;1 3.073
12
502
26 TEXAS STATE PENITENTIARIES.
EXHIBIT NO.5.
Crime Classification.
en ~ ctJ p '0"'" From Nov. I, 1890, to Oct. 31,1892. t);; ';;:> '> .
~O §~
gZ 't:1 "C 00
'O'g '0 2! ~ -d ~ o~
J-Ic:3 Q) .;; ::3 ~ III •..•d
.8~o .~ ~ ~ .g ~ "d ~.ce-i s ~~ g ~ ~ ~ ~ Q) E s=~
_____ . +Z.",_O_'"' ~ ~__ A__~_ 1'< A_I_Z_O_,",_
=========:\========-
Titles of Offenses.
Administering poison .
Abducting.... .. . .
Aiding escapes .
Arson and unlawful burning ..
Assault to murder.
Assau 1t to rape.
Assault to rob.. . .
Attempt to poison. . .
Abortion .
Bringing stolen property into the State.
Bribery. offering and accepting bribe.
Big amy .
Burglary .
Conspiracy to commit theft.
Conspiracy to release prisoners .
Counterfeiting and passing counterfeit.
Conspiracy to rob , .
Driving cattle from range. . .
Embezzlement .
Fraudulent disposition mortgaged property.
Fence cutting and burning .
Forgery and passing forged instruments.
Incest .
Illegal voting.
Kidnaping .
Illegal marking and branding .
Maiming .
Manslaughter............ . .
Murder second degree .
Murder first degree. . .
g~~:~~~ti~;dr~~~~~~~tion' 'Of perjury, and
false swearing.
Rape, life sentence.... .. .
Rape, term sentence .
Receiving and concealing stolen property.
Robbery .
Seduction .
Swindling ..
Sodomy .
Theft, miscellaneous .
Theft of hogs, sheep, and goats .
Theft of cattle .
Theft of horses and mutes . . .
Unlawful marrrage .
Totals
RECAPITULATION.
Crimes against:
Lives and persons of individuals .
Property, including forgertyand counter-feiting.
Morality and public justice ..
Totals .
4 1 ...... 3 .. 2
1 ...... 1 8 5 ..... 5 ···T: '1
43 17 ..... 16 44
206 240 9 170 13 14 249
61 35 1 30 1 64
11 9 ...... 8 12
1 ..... 1
2 ..... 2 ..
21 4 .. 7 16
5 2 4 1 2
25 19 16 2 1 1 24
498 509 13 318 11 25 27 639
2 2
2 . 2
3 ..... 7
1 ... 1
11 4 ... 5 .. 10
21 25 2 13 1 30
3 14 1 4 .. 1 13
3 10 12 .. 1
144 124 84 171
18 12 9. 18
1 1
1 ........ .... 1 ..
7 2 1 4
2 3 .... ·····45·· 5
49 55 2 57
273 125 47 5 327
268 57 6 1 310
7 3 4 .. 6
39 34 26 42
16 2. 1 .. 16
42 17 . 8 3 1 47
19 21 8 1 1 31
74 38 25 2 3 82
1 ...... ...... 1
29 31 28 32
19 15 7 .... 1 26
364 439 11 365 14 24 21 390
15 12 . 6 1 20
113 125 4 79 9 3 6 155
766 317 23 302 33 41 20 710
4 2 1 1 6
--- ------ ------ ---- ---
3,199 2,3351 70 1,6691 116 1301 114 3,575
1,031 484 12 320 27 20 32 1,128
2,041 1,702 56 1,278 85 107 73 2,256
127
149 71 191 --- --- -- -- -- -- -- ---
3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 114 3,575
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 27
EhIBIT NO.6.
Tel·ms.
From Nov. I, 1890, to Oct. 31, 1892. I *;;;
I-----~--~----~----~--~----I .~~ go
'2...O;ca=~~ ""0,,,",~
Z
')'erms of Sentence.
SHORT TERM.
Less than one year .
1 year and less than 2 years. . .
2 years and less than a years ·.··
3 years and less than 4 years .
4 years and less tne.n 5 years ···
5 years and less than 6 years ·
6 years and less than 7 years . .. .
7 years and less than 8 years. . .
8 years ond less than 9 years ·
9 years and less than 10 years .
10 years and less than 15 years .
BLACK BALL lIEN.
15 years and less than 20 years.
20years and less than 30 years. ao years and less than 40 years .
40 years and less than 50 years ·
50 years and less than 60 years .
--- -- --- -- -- ~I~ 1 . ······S 9 .....
760 1,072 17 774 38 31 34 972
153 139 4 110 4 9 2 171
219 184 4 161 9 10 8 219
764 441 17 358 22 27 34 781
126 70 4 49 5 7 5 134
194 101 6 78 7 11 7 198
89 32 2 17 1 .... 105
44 13 1 7 3 7 41
278 121 7 76 10 18 295
119 36 16 6 135
87 31 9 7 93
28 12 1 3 ... 36
17 4 1 1 1 ...... 20
18 3 ...... 1 1 19
302 68 ... 3 ... 10 356
--- --- -- --- -- -- -- ---
3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 114 3,576
RED BALL }l}<:;N.
60 years and upwards, and lifetinle.
Totals ..
EXHIBIT NO.7.
Ages.
From Nov. I, 1890, to Oct. 31, 1892.
Ages -o"'"•• om
Fl
--- -- --- -- ---- ---
Under 15 years ..............................
15 years and under 16 years ................ 6 1 1 1 1 2
16 years and under 20 years .......... 497 440 17 319 15 27 16 577
20 years and under 25 years .................. 1,100 710 24 524 25 57 32 1,196
25 years and under 30 years .................. 697 482 15 367 36 20 29 742 g~years and under 35 years .................. 403 262 3 166 19 12 11 460
40 years and under 40 years ................ 207 189 6 124 13 7 10 248
50years and under 50 years .........•...... 194 163 4 122 4 3 7 225
60 years and under 60 )'ears ................ 62 61 1 33 2 2 6 81
70 years and under 70 years .................. 30 20 .. 9 1 1 1 38
years and upwards ................••....... 9 2 4 .. 1 6
--- --- -- --- -- -- --- ---
Totals ............... ............ . ............. 3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 114 3,575
28 TEXAS STA'l'E PENITENTIARIES,
EXHIBIT NO, 8,
Oharacterietics of Ooncicts .
White .
Negroes c. ••••
Mexicans ...
Indians
Ohinamen.
RACE.
324
1,312
1,939
1,273
1,536
386
31
971
1,089
274
22
43
5
651
837
180
I
96
16
4
53
67
10
35 1,431
60 1,688
19 452
2
2
Totals .............................•.....•..
--- --- -- --- --- --- --- ---
3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 114 3,575
NATIVI1.'Y.
Natives of United States of North America. 2,748 2,032
Natives of foreign countries 451 303 69 1,448 107 122
I 221 9 8
99 3,073
15 502
Totals
--- --- -- --- --- --- --- ---
3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 1J4 8,575
Mates .
Females .
SEX. ======= =i
3,152 2,296 70 1,640 113 180 113 3,522
47 89 ..... 29 3 ..... 1 53
Totals --- --- -- --- --- --- --- ---
............ 3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 114 3,575
CO~JUGAL RELATIONS. ====== ======= =========== ==== ==== ==== ====== Married
Single .....
Widowed .......•............................
1,137
1,960
102
988
1,306
41
36
331
639
971
59
47
63
6
43
84
3
49
57
8
1,383
2,124
68
Totals --- --- -- --- --- --- --- ---
3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 114 3,575
EDUCATION. ====== -====== ==== ====== ==== ==== ~ =======
Fair-good .
Limited--common.. . .
Illiterate •..........................•. , .
181
1,026
1,992
272
1,118
945
]
32
37
98
668
903
19
80
17
10
63
57
3
53
58
Totals --- --- -- --- --- --- --- ---
MORAL HABITS OF LIFE. Temperate .
Intemperate.
..... 3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 ]30 114 3,575
'/]'328 1,338 40 820 62 76 62 1,686
],871 997 30 849 54 54 52 1,889
r.rotals ,' .
3,575
--- --- -- --- --- --- --- ---
3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 114
USE OF TOBACCO. Users .
Non-users.
Totals .
2,510 ......I 2,050 56 1,437 91 104 88 2,896 689 285 14 282 25 26 26 679
.. 3,199 2,335 70 1,669 116 130 114 3,575
I 2,835 2,153 65 1,592 115 124 113 3,109
297 169 5 72 1 5 1 392
65 13. 5. 1 72 I,.,,:'·"f~''~''I no ~ ,.,,;
COMMITMENTS AND RECOMMITMENTS. First term ..
Second terrn .
Third term .
Fourth term .
Totals .............•...................
EXHI'lJ-IT NO,9,
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT, 29
Location of Convicts on hand October 31, 1892, and Number of Escapes and
Deaths from. November 1, 1890, to October 31, 1892,
Forces. Location.
Ball, Hutchings & Co.
E. H. Cunningham ....
Darrington. . .
L.A. Ellis ..
T, W. House.
H. L. Lewis .
W. W. Watts. .. .....•....
H. K. White.
R. J. \Vhite.
Ed. Wilson.
Allen Fa.rrn . . . rf:J~~~~;·OH;aI;'r,·~isb~·'~ag~'c'islil1'A~'ton~oN' o~'i.
Galveston, Harrisburg and San ~ntonIO No.3.
Missouri, Kansas and Texas No.1 ..
Houston and Texas Central No.1 ..
Houston and Texas Central No.2
Houston and Texas Central No.3 ....
St. Louis, A.rkansas and rrexa~ No.1
Gulf Colorado and Santa Fe :No.1 ...
Gulf' Colorado and Santa Fe No.2.
Huntsville prison proper .
Huntsville prison, outside .
Rusk prison proper ...........................••....
Rusk prison, outside............. . .
Deaths and escapes en route. . .
Total n~mber of convicts on band October 31, 1892.
Forces discontinued since November 1,1890.
.... ,.
H R. Hearne . gal~e!t~~:~:l!~'~a~i'~d·Sba:~ll·;A~~tgOI1~ON·o:'2::
Galveston, H'ar-rfabu rg and San Antonio No.4.
Missouri, Kansas and Texas :1'"0.3 ...•.•.....•..•...•...
Total number of escapes .
Total number of deaths ...........•. , , ........•.. ·
1------1------
Brazoria .. 63 2 1
Fort Bend. 244 24 23
Brazoria . . . . . . ...., . 67 2 2
Fort Bend. 156 10 5
Fort Bend. 70 4
Robertson. 74 3
Robertson. 51 2
Brazos . .............. 59 5
Roberteon , 58 ....
Robertson. 54 ........
Brazos 143 2 6
Fort Bend. 198 7 1
Railroad .. 81 12 3
Railroad ... 76 5 3
Railroad .... 53 1 ........
Itailroad .... 59 1 6.
Railroad .... 63 1
Railroad .. 55 4 <I
Railroad .... 54 4 1
Railroad 68 10 1
Railroad 79 6 .... "26 Walker .. 651
'Walker .. 176 10 · .... 24 Cherokee. 721 7
Cherokee. 202 5 3
3 1
3,575
Aver-age
No
50 .
45 .
50 .
50 .
45 1
130
Robertson.
Robertson.
Railroad .
Railroad .
Railroad .
114
30 TEXAS STATE PENITENTIARIES.
EXHIBIT NO. 10.
Employment of Oonvicts in and about Huntsville and Rusk Prisons,
Huntsville Prison.
PRODUCTIVE.
Artesian well. . . . . . . . . . . . . i· ... '8'6'1' Blacksmith, paint, and wheelwright department .
Coopers. t 1 .
Furniture department. . .....•.......•......•..... 'I 123981 9
3
42
Factory... '1
GirthmakerB . . . :'.'.:: : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~i
l
?~i~;o~!~en"atBnd repa'i~s .' ~ 0 •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• 2 18 Ice factory..... . . .
Lumber yard.................................... 7 5
Machine shops, foundry, and boiler shops. 82 98
Machinists, engineers, and firemen. . ,. 9 11
Mattressmakers .. 4 4
Planing mill.................. 5 211
Saddle and harnessmakers . 4 3 3
Shoe shop..... 21 15 18
Soapmaker . . . . . . . 1 11 1
Servants hired to Penitentiary officers. . .:: :." 2441 _"101 2~ Tailor shop. u
Turners J. . ..•• ...• ••• • I 2 11 • ~~lir~:f~~p~~isool;'I';;t'',;:::::.::: :::::: ::::.. .~.. :::::::: :::: ::: :::. ::::. ::::1 1:1 i:1 ~i
Fa;:~:borers on prison farms.. ..... •• ::::: :::. ::::. :.. :::: .. ' 5:: 5:: :::
Building tenders. _ ~~~IS~~~.~~~~~S. I 111 14 15
g~~r:,saannlb1>,."~:r~eeperB ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::........ ~I Ig 1:
g:1~n!:i~m'va:ters:::::::::::: ::::::::::::: •• • :::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::' Iii 11 21
~~~¥70[2:""i'''..·~ ,Ii :II j
~~~r~~;';n':::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::.::::::::[ ;2i ~ i
Yard cleaner. ·····························1 1. 2
Wood yard and car loaders i.
~ON-PRODUCTlVE ! I General roustabouts..... 34
-Genern.Ity incapacitated, in hospital, and otherwise.. 50
."-rotal .. , , . 708
RECAPITULATION.
Productive labor .
Indispensable labor. . .
Non-productive labor ' .
Total. .
* Included in furniture department.
t.lncluded in tailor shop.
89
152
31
4
2
16
2. 101
7
t
22
40
712 827
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT. 31
EXHIBI'!' NO. lO-continued.
Employment of Oonvicts in and about Huntsville and Rusk Prisons,
PRODUCTIVE, e
91
Blast furnace, day force ...
Blast furnace, night force. . .
Ore diggers.. . .
Pipe foundry .
General work on furnace and pipe foundry yards
Yard graveler.... . .. . . .
Iron foundry . .
Machine shop. ...........•.... .. . .
Blacksmith shop ~ .
Wheelwright and carpenter shop .
Wagon shop . .
Boiler shop. . .
Planing mill.. . .
Pattern makers .
tpin ner-s . .
Painters........................ .•........................... . .
TailOr shop.. . .
Mattress shop.. . .. . .. . . .
Shoe shop................... . .
Saddle and harnessmaker.. . ....•...............
Gristmills .
Grass rope makers .
Improvements and repairs
Soapmaker.. . ,.
Brick yard .
Macatnlats, engineers, and firemen ..
State locomotive, day and night ..
Teamsters and cart drivers .
~~~~~~~l~~~i~~~:~.i~~. ~.~l~~ ~~:: .
Servants hired to Penitentiary officers
~~~:~~~~~~rs 'o~tsicie'~~(;l:k:::"""""
Gardening .
Wood choppers for prison use
~~~~~t~~i ro';r~r~'ace""'" ~ . New foundry , .. 1C:u~~~~'en' :::::::::::..
Florist. . .
Total.
13uilding tenders INDISPENSABLES.
'Clerks and bOOkk·eepera: ::::·.::·······:::·.·. ::~~: ::~::::~: ..
GgO~:kr8.tb:a:k:e~rs,::~a:n:d~dining 1'00111 waiters. . !a~si~~~tte~nd~aj~lts':""""""""""""""""""
Librarian
~amp and'eiecti-fc' iigiii te·Jid.'el:s . M~~~~~~..er8 : .
:f~~T:~iei.i....... . .
Pipestand tel~der' ' . Store keepers .
Attending stock 'i~l'paB't'u~'e~': . . '" .
14
52
General. roust'l.bout NON-PRODUCTIVE.
Totally 1l1capaci t[L~:d:i~i~;ospi'taC ~l"~do'ti~er~vise~:
Total ..............................
Productive labor
Indl8pensables .
Non-prOductive 'labo~
Total ..
RECAPITULA TJON,
38 65 41
20 20 4
70 60 110
54 6.4 54
9
3
22 54 66
25 38 47
5 18 16
12 17 18
4
...... 5
3 2 1
11 12 11
1 3 4
1 4 3
21 20 20
6 7 6
3 3 2
1 1 1
1 1 3
4 4 4
6 7 2
1 1 1
30 . 38
9 3 9
4 4 4
18 18 11
6 5
6 12 16
1 1 1
2 5
44 3
19 27 32
9 44 32
1 1
227 221 202
29
2
2
1 --- --- ---
687 747 806
15 14
8 10
26 22
3 6
2 2
5 a
1
1 1
4. 8
13 12
3 3
2 2
10 5132
8
30 27
15
7
25
4
2
6
31
4
10
4
3
8
18
46
843 877 923
===== ===== ======
687
92
64
747
92 38
806
90
27
843 877 923
,..;
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EXHIBIT NO. 12.
Provisions issued Monthly to all Forces from. Novemtier 1, 1890, to October 31, 1892.
Mo.'''. I' .,
~ "'~ 0: ai '" Q) ..; ai Z'~-d ;~ ~ ai == .,; .,;
~ " Q) Q) ".- c ~ ~~~
g I - i ..; .,; .. . s " .~ •• ",ai .ffi~
c ;;; " '" ~ '" ""
. ~ ~ '" ° .,; s ~~ ~ ~ ",,,, " ~8.Q II::
~ " " ° r:;; ° .- ° ~c ° 'i::'P. .;::~ .g ~ P< P< p.. ~ 0 p.- m p.. p.. p.- ok A e Eo< m ~...•~ <1100
ovember 1:'0
---'--- ----- --- ---
60,482 54,279 7,301 73,239 89,262 3,674 2,847 334 5,687 3,025 64,032 4,209 28,689 2,377 550 2,273 3,233 3,179
ecember , 1890 60,456 52,290 6,593 76,002 39,990 3,779 2,847 333 4.514 3,065 58,314 6,046 27,756 2,237 595 2,328 2,830 3,191
nunry .... 1891 65,556 41,613 8,117 75,149 37,900 3,765 2,632 345 8,638 3,525 65,979 5,694 34,452 1,472 1,961 1,862 3,059 3,194
.bruury .. 1891 61,873 33,219 2,720 67,320 34.914 3,459 2,294 305 4,295 2,51.4 52,971 4,939 25,173 830 581 2,411 2,978 3,147
arcr. ..... 1851 72,974 38,657 78,346 37,34D 3,816 2,553 3021 4,558 3,284 23,978 6,910 16,884 2,155 912 2,475 3,139 3,146
rr il ....... 1891 50,513 33,858 44,807 :15,770 ii,632 2.453 356 3,021 4,652 17,381 7,684 14,843 900 664 2,889 2,905 3,187
,y ........ 1891 72.583 49,204 291 r.7,14D :l8,r.44 3,292 2,435 5r.9 3,962 2,943 2,591 6,299 23,316 972 863 2,535 3,019 3,241
ne...... 1891 72,572 41,226 72,977 38,525 3,435 2,570 455 3,351 4,067 38,779 4,477 33,626 440 300 1,902 2,745 2,470 3.273
Iy ........ 1891 74,689 41,088 430 76,025 41.309 3,954 2,591 405 :l,851 1,832 37,218 5,515 39,610 200 320 1,926 2.849 2,198 3,324
rg uat .... 1891 76,227 34,261 300 77,670 39,468 2,750 2,438 431 3,826 2,624 10,786 12,359 20,963 495 606 837 3,106 2,201 8.311
ptember 1891 69,1i32 48,983 290 7 R,87 5 R8,113 3,468 2,694 416 3,665 3,164 15,595 9,879 13,908 885 285 2,350 2,788 2.280 3,257
tober .... 1891 69,258 60,967 2,450 72,081; 3D,355 3,736 2,752 471 2,918 3,183 25,083 6,594 13,130 1,515 640 1,973 2,842 2,433 3,232
rvernbcr 1891 66,535 56,390 4,459 65,562 38,458 3,637 2,398 336 3,113 3,181 62,188 4,692 17,923 1,287 428 1,359 3,026 3,122 3,267
cember. 1891 66,704 54,189 4,053 7] ,250 42,387 4,007 2,772 387 3,187 2,543 67,729 3,484 11,035 1,478 195 1,220 3,001 3,022 3,339
nuary .... 1.892 64,855 47,213 20,436 74,:165 4·1,88(; 4,408 2,619 314 0,324 2,782 56,032 3,430 15,091 1,718 521 1,604 3,142 2,298 3,389
bruary .. 1892 68,269 39,353 8,03(; 75,993 3n,177 3,499 2,555 30] 3,117 2,544 46,699 4,737 9,327 2,215 461 710 2,998 2,256 3,404
••ch ...... 1892 79,268 39,902 3,697 83,334 42,7H2 0,869 2,979 311 3,381 3,536 21,372 6,754 6,704 734 341 2,972 3,086 2,649 3,426
'ri!...... 1892 78,256 40,592 85,549 44,236 3,764 3,086 37] 1,784 3,213 11,435 6,785 20,905 764 631 2,271 3,043 2,090 3,466
'y . .. 1892 82,859 47,200 84,786 43.015 4,358 2,823 414 3,058 3,094 14,610 6,364. 42,307 615 451 1,200 3,301 2,485 3,516
n e ....... 1892 80,189 44,532 234 85,569 42,210 3,908 2,838 553 4,111 2,290 29,239 ~:ml:~:m3,884 65 171 3,007 2,517 3,586
Iy........ 1892 78,564 49,427 550 87,544 25,070 3,761 2,910 481 3,959 2,685 17,629 2,422 75 1,082 3,335 2,924 3.611
gust .... 1892 79,515 52,672 444 89,327 43.884 4,107 2,879 454 4,472 3,384 15,216 12,361 21,336 1,395 333 1,320 3,028 2,546 3,579
nternber 1892 77,777 49,756 193 86,775 41,540 3 978 2,950 435 3,609 3,759 31,567 11,992 14,597 1,130 482 1,875 2,979 2,572 3,651
-lob-er-.-_18.92 --7-9,1-85---5-1,323 900 86,501 47,395 4;097 2,929 -4-48---2,931 2,851 67,012 --9,-60-3 --14,010 1,524 122 1,320 3,377 2,598 3,551
'otals .. 1,707,791 1,102,211 71,494 1,832,339 952,128 90,053 64,844 9,527 88,732 72,690 871,435 162,146 568,551 33,648 12,627 42,365 72,806 42,661
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EXHIBIT NO. 14.
Convict Population Daily /01' each Month from. Nooember, 1890, to October 31,1892.
0 0 ~
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m m m
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1. ............... 3,200 3.16!) 3,203 M,161 3,142 3,153 3,234 3,267 3,299 8,322 3,289 3,23
2 ................ 3,199 3,168 3,21.2 8,159 3,138 8,154 3,231 3,265 3,305 :-1,325 3,288 3,22
3 ..............•. 3,199 3,165 3,209 3,153 3,136 a,160 3,232 3,264 3,305 3,326 3,287 3,23
4 ................ 3,197 3,187 3,208 3,153
I
3,138 I 3,158 3,232 3,273 3,318 3,331 3.283 3,23
5 .......•........ 3,196 3,186 3,208 3."149 3,145 a,159 3,236 3,272 3,319 3,328 3,279 3,22
6 ................ 3,194 3,178 3,208 3,161 3,143 3,177 3,237 3,273 3,324 3,327. 3,278 3,23
7 ............... 3,190 3,1.79 3,203 3,160 3,148 a,174 3,234 3,269 3,324 3,324 3,274 3,22
8 ...........•.... 3,184 3,175 3.203 il,15G 3,146 3,170 3.237 3,269 3,334 3,323 3,272 3'iI 9 ...........•.... 3,188 3,175 3,216 3,157 3,145 3,168 3,236 3,268 3,329 3,323 3,272 3, _
10 ............. 3,185 3,183 3,214 3.152 3,144 a,163 3,235 3,270 3,330 3,316 3,270 3,22
11 ...........•.... 3,184 3,189 3.210 3,150 3,15(j 3,157 8,237 3,268 3,332 S,31n 3,265 3,22
12 ................ 3,179 3,190 3.20fi 3,144 3,15G a,173 3,234 3,266 3,340 3,320 R,25!) a,22
13 ....•....•...... 3,179 3,197 3,204 3,139 3,155 3,168 3,232 3.270 3,319 3.318 3,252 a,22
14 .....•........ 3,171 3,194 3,201 3,136 3,151 3,166 3,232 3,272 3,322 3,320 3,251 3,22
15 .....•.......... 3,178 3,194 3,202 3,145 3,150 3,1.64 3,232 3,270 3,321 3,318 3,251 8,23
16 ..•.•....•...... 3,171 3,188 3,201 3,143 ga 3,188 3,236 3,270 3,318 3,316 3,248 S,24
17 ................ 3,170 3,200 3,202 3,139 3,185 3,234 3,270 3,315 3,315 3,255 ~,24
18 ........•....... 3,170 3,196 3,199 0,142 3.140 3,187 3,236 3,269 3,323 3,309 3,251 3,23
19 .........•...... 3.167 3,192 3,197 3,145 3,137 3,184 3,239 3,267 3,326 3,305 3,247 3,23
20 ................ 3,165 3,188 3,193 3,149 3.138 3,191 3,247 3,279 3,336 3,302 3,247 3.14
21 ................ 3,165 3,194 3,189 3,149 8,18., 3,198 3,246 3,882 3,334 3,299 3,246 3,23
22 ......•.•....... 3,172 3,205 3,183 3.148 3,147 3,214 3,243 3,280 3,330 3,297 3,248 3,23
13 ................ 3,169 3.203 3,176 8,151 3,144 3,213 3,247 3,280 3,329 3,297 3,243 3,23
24 ................ 3,170 3,208 3,180 3.148 3,147 3,215 3,246 3,277 3,325 3,~O9 3,246 3,22
25 ........••....•. 3,171 3,203 3,175 3,148 3,143 3,236 3,255 3,273 3,326 3,296 3,242 3,22
26 ................ 3,169 3,200 3,177 3,146 I 3,143 3,233 3,253 3,277 3,329 3,801 3,239 3,23
27 ................ 3,171 3.198 3.174 3,184 3,160 i{,235 3,250 3,280 3,332 8,299 3,238 3,23
28 .............•. 3,177 3,205 3,172 3,134 I 3,160 3,232 3,251 3,281 3,329 ~:m 3,237 3,24
~9 ... ... ... 3,166 3,205
I
3.166 ..... ... 3,156 3,232 3,253 3,288 3,327 3,235 3,23
30. . .. . . . .. . . . .. 3.174 3,205 3,162 .... .. . 3,155 3,23

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