Edited. @OP, Enter user-name: sys as sysdba Enter password: ERROR: ORA-01031: insufficient privilegesCheck file permissions on ORACLE HOME, What is the contents of sqlnet.ora file. There haven't been any comments added for this error yet. Any idea? Please create two scripts by including one set up of above variables for Oracle 8i and other for Oracle 9i and execute each of the specific script to connect to Oracle.