Restrictions on Consumption of Alcoholic Drinks in Domestic Flights- In exercise of the powers conferred by section 5A of the Aircraft Act 1934, the Director General of Civil Aviation, being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient to do so for securing the safety of aircraft operations, hereby directs that with immediate effect no operator operating a domestic air transport service in India shall serve any alcoholic drink on board such as air transport service and that no passenger traveling on such a service shall consume any alcoholic drink while on board. All operators are required to include these intructions in their in-flight announcements and also amen their operations Manuals accordingly.

Eligibility to Acquire Flight Radio Telephone Operator's Licence- In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 5A of the Aircraft Act,1934, the Director General of Civil Aviation being satisfied that for securing the safety of aircraft operation, it is necessary to do so, hereby directs that with effect from 1st April, 1992, the holders of Student Pilot Licence and Private Pilot Licence shall be eligible to acquire Flight Radio Telephone Operator Licence after having passed written and practical examination in the operation of Radio Telephony apparatus conducted by a Board constituted by the Director General of Civil Aviation, in accordance with the syllabus prescribed by the D.G.C.A.

Bird Strikes to Aircraft-A number of accidents/incidents occur each year due to aircraft striking birds in flight. Bird strikes cause substantial damage to aircraft and in somecases, serious injuries to persons on board. Economic penalties to have been heavy particularly in case of turbo-jet aircraft. Government is taking various measures at international/domestic airports in India to eradicate bird menace in and around the airports. Airport management agencies viz. International Airports of India and National Airports Authority have undertaken intensive operation within the airports under their jurisdiction at substantial costs to eradicate the sources of bird attraction.

Procedure and Precautions Regarding Fuelling and De-Fuelling of Aircraft- Rule 25-A of the Indian Aircraft Rules-1.A)The operator appoint a competent person to supervise the fuelling operations, who will be responsible for compliance of these precautions.B)The operator shall furnish written instructions to the fuelling company regarding the correct procedure of fuelling and percautions to be taken for particular type of aircraft. However in the case of aircraft weighing less than 1820 kgs(4000lbs) verbal instructions may be issued by the operator/owner.C)The supervisor shall ensure that clear path is maintained to permit rapid removal of fuelling equipment,air conditioning unit, tractors etc., in case of emergency. Vehicles and equipment shall not be located where they would be obstruct the evacuation of persons for occupied portions of the aircraft in emergency.D)During fuelling operations, every fuelling vehicle shall be constantly attended by, at least one competent person appointed by the fuelling company. Only competent personnel are to operate the fuelling equipment,Hand Brakes etc. should be effectively applied on vehicles before the drivers leave them. Adequate man power shall be constantly made available to shut off the flow of fuel quickly in emergency.E)The aircaft shall not be fuelled within 33 metres of radar equipment under test or use in aircraft or ground installations.F)Fuelling should be avoided during severe electric storms.2.A)The fire extinguishers shall be maintained to the standard recommended by the manufacturers. Adequate number of competent persons shall be readily available to operate the fire extinguishers in case of fire.B)Fuelling zone of precautionary area is to be extending to 15 metres radially from aircraft fuelling point in case of class A fuels(Fuels having flash point below 22degree C) and 6 metres in class B fuels(fuels having flash point in the range between 22 degree C and 66 degree C) when being transferred.

Definitions-Aircraft- means any machine which can derive support in the atmosphere from reactions of the air other than reactions of the air against the earth surface and include balloons whether fixed or free, airships, kites, gliders and flying machines.Aerodrome-means any definite or limited ground or water area intended to be used, either wholly or in part, for the landing or departure of aircraft and includes all buildings, sheds, vessels, piers, and other stuctures thereon or appertaining thereto.Aerodrome Reference Point- in relation to any aerodrome, means a designated point established in the horizontal plane at or near the geometric centre of that part of the aerodrome reserved for the departure or landing of aircraft.

Power Plant- Engine- Fuel Economy- The basic parameter for describing the fuel economy of aircraft engines is usually specific fuel consumption. Specific fuel consumption for turbo jets and ram jets is the fuel flow(lbs/hr) divided by thrust (lbs), and for reciprocating engines the fuel flow divided by brake horsepower. These are called “thrust specific fuel consumption.

Heat Treatment Terms- Critical Range- Critical range, applied to steel, refers to the range of temperature between 1300 degree F and 1600 degree F. When steel passes through this temperature range, its internal structure is altered. Annealing- Annealing is the process of heating steel above the critical range, holding it at that temperature until it is uniformly heated and the grain is refined, and then cooling it very slowly. Normalizing- Normalizing is similar to annealing, but the steel is allowed to cool in still air a method that is somewhat faster than annealing cooling. Normalizing applied only to steel. Heat Treatment- consists of a series of operations which have as their aim the improvement of the physical properties of a material. In the case of steel these operations are hardening (Which is composed of heating and quenching) and temperature. Hardening- Hardening of steel is done by heating the metal to a temperature above the critical range and then quenching it. Quenching- Quenching is the immersion of the heated metal in a liquid, usually either oil or water, to accelerate its cooling. Tempering- is the reheating of hardened steel to a temperature below the critical range, followed by cooling as desired. Carburizing- is the addition of carbon to steel by heating it at a high temperature while in contact with a carbonaceous material in either solid, liquid, or gaseous form. Casehardening- consists of carburizing, followed by suitable heat treatment to harden the material.