课时 3：偏正复句（下）

本课程根据外国学生学习汉语的特点，比较系统地介绍了汉语的主要语法，像词类、句子成分、单句、复句、篇章、表达方法，等等；着重指出了外国学习者学习汉语语法的难点和重点，并通过大量有针对性的练习，帮助学习者去掌握、运用，从而提高学习者的汉语水平。
According to the characteristics of the foreign student learning Chinese, this course systematically introduces the main grammar of Chinese, such as part of speech, sentence constituent, single sentence, complex sentence, discourse, expression method. This course emphatically points out the important and difficult points in the foreign student’s Chinese grammar learning, and through a large number of targeted trainings, the course helps learners to master and use, thus to improve Chinese level of the learner.

"倘若"等连词 主句中多用"就""那"等。 “Tang ruo(if)” and in main clause, we often use “Jiu” “Na” and so on.

例如，我们来看一下例子 第一例，如果天气好，明天就去郊游 For example, let's take a look at the first example. If(Ru guo) the weather is fine, we’ll (Jiu) go for an outing tomorrow.

偏句用"如果"，表示一种假设 明天就去郊游，是一种情况。 In partial clause, we use “Ru guo” to express an assumption, and going for an outing is a situation.

第二例，要是有时间 提出一种假设，咱们就去长城看看，这是一种情况 Second, if we have time, which is a hypothesis; let's go to the Great Wall, that is a situation.

假设复句，假设复句也可以主句在前，偏句在后， 我们来看一下例子 In assumptive compound sentences, we can also put main clause ahead of the partial clause, let’s have a look at the example.

明天去郊游，如果天气好 那么"明天去郊游"是一种什么呢？是一种主句 We’ll go for an outing tomorrow, if (Ru guo)the weather is good. So what is “We’ll go for an outing tomorrow”? It’s the main clause.

那么它的偏句，"如果天气好"是一种假设，所以放在后面了 那第二例，咱们去长城看看，要是有时间。
And its partial clause, “If the weather is good” is an assumption, so it has been put behind the main clause.
So the second example, we can express as Let’s go to the Great Wall, if (Yao shi)we have time.

这是主句，就是主要的意思 是在”咱们去长城看看"。 It’s the main clause, means main part is “Let’s go to the Great Wall”.

那么"要是有时间"呢是一种什么呢，假设，那么呢它放在了后面 Then what is “if we have time”? A hypothesis, it is been put it after the main clause.

主句在前时，那么注意，有突出或者强调 主句的意思。 If we put main clause ahead, it has the meaning of protruding or emphasizing of the main clause.

也就是说，这两个句子都有突出强调 这个"明天去郊游"、 Which means, these two sentences emphasized “We’ll go for an outing tomorrow”,

"咱们去长城看看"这样的意思 假设复句中关联词语的搭配情况 “Let’s go to the Great Wall”. The collocation of conjunction words in the assumptive complex sentences.

假设复句中常见的关联词语的搭配情况 如下表，我们来看一下。 Let's take a look at the table of the collocation of words in assumptive compound sentences.

偏句用什么呢，"如果" 主句用"就"，我们来看一下，如果明年有时间，我就去中国留学 What can be used in partial clauses? It’s “Ru guo(if)”, and the main clause will use “Jiu”. Let’s take a look at this example: If (Ru guo)I have time next year, I’ll(Jiu) go to China to study.

也可以用"要是……就……"，要是太贵了，那么就算了 也可以用"假如……那……"、 Or we can use “Yao shi(if )…jiu(then) ”, If(Yao shi) it’s too expensive, I’ll(Jiu) not buy it. Or we can also use “Jia ru…na…”

"倘若……就……"，这个时间问题，我们就不一一介绍、 一一细说了 四，转折复句。 “tang rui… jiu…”, short of time, I’ll not introduce one by one. Fourth, transition compound sentence.

偏句指出 一种情况，主句则提出一种与按照这种情况 产生的正常结果相反的结果。 A partial sentence indicates a situation, and the main sentence presents a result contrary to the normal result produced according to this situation.

那么偏句中常有"虽然"等连词 主句中多用"但是、 可是、 Then the partial clause has conjunctions such as “Sui Ran”, and the main clause has conjunctions or adverb like “Dan Shi” “Ke Shi”

我们来看一下例子 例一，虽然今天天气不好，但是并不冷 Let’s check the first example, Although(Sui ran) the weather is not good today,(Dan shi) it is not cold.

偏句用虽然，主句用但是 这是一种转折，转折关系。 We use “Sui Ran” in partial clause, and use “Dan shi” in main clause to express a transition.

第二例，我们学过一年汉语，可是呢说得不太好 用的"可是"，前一个句子没有用这个关联词语。
Second example, we have studied Chinese for one year, but(Ke shi) not very well.
“Ke shi” is used in later clause not in former one.

第三例，这么做没问题 不过影响不太好。 Third example, It's no problem to do it, but(bu guo) it's not very good.

用的，第二个句子用"不过" 进行连接。 “Bu guo” is used in second sentence to connect.

注意，偏句、 主句的 主语不同时，”虽然"呢一般放在主语的前面。 Should pay attention that if the partial and main clauses have different subjects, “Sui ran” is often out before the subject.

我们来看一下例子 虽然天气很冷，但是观众来了很多。 Let’s take a look at the example, although(Sui ran) the weather was cold, (Dan shi)the audience came a lot.

第一个 偏句，主语是天气，这个主句的主语是观众 天气和观众呢，是不一样的。 The first partial clause, the subject is weather, and the subject for the main clause is audience, they are different,

那么"虽然"放在了"天气"的前边 那第二例，虽然我没去过长城，但是妈妈告诉过我。 so “Sui ran” is put before the weather. And the second example, Although(Sui ran) I never been to the Great Wall, (Dan shi)my mom told me about it.

这个主语第一个 句子主语是"我"，第二个句子主语是"妈妈"。 The subject for the first clause is “I”, and the subject for the second clause is “Mom”.

"我"和"妈妈"也不一样 那么这个”虽然"呢放在"我"的前面 Mom and me are also different, so “Sui ran” is put before me.

偏句、 主句 The partial and main clauses,

主语相同时，"虽然"呢一般放在主语后 那我们来看一下例子。 when they have the same subject, “Sui ran” will be put after the subject, let’s check the example.

例一，她虽然学过半年汉语 主语是"她"，但是说不出来 First example, although she has learned Chinese for half a year, the subject is “She”, but she can speak it out.

这个主语呢也是”她"，那么这两个主语是相同的 The subject is also her, so two clauses have the same subject.

所以呢，那么"虽然"在什么地方呢？在主语"她"的后边 So Where should we put “Sui ran”? After the subject her.

第二例，这件衣服虽然比较贵，主语是"这件衣服" 但是很好看。 second example, although this cloth is expensive, the subject is the cloth, it looks beautiful.

"很好看"的主语也是 "这件衣服"，那么"这件衣服"、 "这件衣服"，它的主语是相同的
For beautiful, the subject is the same as this cloth, so they have the same subject.

因此呢，"虽然"呢也放在这件衣服的后面 转折复句中，关联词语的搭配情况 Therefore, “Sui ran” should be put after this cloth. The collocation of conjunction words in transition compound sentences.

转折复句中，常见的关联词语的搭配情况如下表 我们看一下。 In the transitional compound sentences, the common collocation of conjunction words are as followed: let's take a look.

偏句用"虽然"，主句用"但是/可是"，我们看一下例子。 The partial clause should use “Sui Ran”, and the main clause should use “Dan shi/ Ke shi”. Check this sentence.

虽然我们是一个学校 偏句用"虽然"，但是我不认识他，主句用"但是" Although(Sui Ran) we’re in the same school, the partial clause includes “Sui Ran”, (Dan shi)I don’t know him, the main clause includes “Dan shi”.

或者，虽然天气不太好，可是呢并不冷 那么也可以呢，偏句不用，主句用"不过" Or, although the weather is not that good, well it’s not that cold. Or we can use no conjunction word in partial clause, but use “Bu guo” in main clause.

我们看，这件衣服有些贵，不过样式不错，用"不过"联系起来 也可以用什么"就是"，主句用"就是"，偏句不用。
Look at this sentence, this dress is a little expensive, but(Bu guo) the style is good.
Or we can use “Jiu shi”, and put it in the main clause and don’t need any conjunction word in partial clause

弟弟什么都好，就是学习不用功 那么其他的几个关联词语，由于时间的问题，我们就不一一介绍了
My brother is so good in every aspect, just(Jiu shi) learning doesn’t work for him.
About the other conjunction words, I’ll not explain them so clearly because the time restriction.

五，目的复句 偏句表示采取的行动，主句表示该行动要达到的目的 Fifth, Objective compound sentence. The partial sentence indicates the action taken, and the main sentence indicates the purpose of the action.

偏句中常常有"为、 为了"等连词 主句中多用"以便、 In partial clauses it usually concludes “Wei, Wei le(in order to)” and in main clause it usually has “Yi bian,

以免、 免得、 省得"等 我们来看一下例子。 Yi mian, Mian de, Sheng de” and so on.

为了学好汉语 我到中国来留学。 In order to(Wei le) study Chinese well, I came to China to study.

这个"学好汉语"是什么 呢？学好汉语是目的，所以我们用"为了"表示目的 What’s “study Chinese well”? Study Chinese well is the purpose, so we use “Wei le” to express purpose,

那么这是一个目的复句。 therefore it’s an objective sentence.

注意 "为、 为了"一般用于前一个句子，"以免、 Should pay attention that “Wei, Wei le” are usually used in the former sentences, and

免得"一般用于后一个句子 有时呢，"为了"也可以用于后一个句子 “Yi mian, Mian de” are usually used in the later sentence , sometimes “Wei le” can also be used in later sentences,

但是前边应该加上"是"，即"……是为了……"这样的句子 but should be companied by “Shi..” to form “…Shi Wei le…”.

我们来看一下例子。 Let’s take a look at the example.

我们来中国是为了 学习汉语，那么"为了学习汉语"放在后面了 That we came to China is to(Shi wei le) study Chinese, so e put “Study Chinese” in the later sentence,

但是呢，前面有一个"是"把它联系起来 目的复句中关联词语的搭配情况 however, there is a “Shi” before this phrase to connect them. The collocation of conjunction words in objective compound sentences.

目的复句中常见的关联词语的搭配情况如下表。 The common collocation of conjunction words are as followed:

我们来看一下表 偏句用"为了"，主句呢没有，不用一些关联词语 Let us check the table. In the partial clause, we use “wei le” but no conjunction word in main clause.

比如说，为了来中国留学，我差不多天天去打工 都去打工。 For example, in order to(Wei le) study in China, I almost go to work every day.

或者偏句用”为"，那么主句中呢不要用，我们看"为" Or we use “Wei” in partial clause, and no conjunction word in main clause.

为让弟弟上一个好大学，家里给他请了好几个辅导。 In order to(Wei)let my brother go to a good university, he is given several tutoring at home,

这是表示目的 或者是偏句不用，主句用"以便"，早点走，以便赶上 第一班车。 which means the purpose. Or we use no conjunction word in partial clause, but use “Yi Bian” in main clause. Go early so that(Yi bian) you can catch the first bus.

以便也是这个目的，目的 好，由于时间的问题，我们就不一一介绍了 “Yi bian” is also for this purpose, because short of time, I’ll not explain others.

主句表示说话人已经决定的选择 或偏句、 the main clause indicates the choice that the speaker has decided. Or

主句表示两种不同的选择 那么说话人倾向于主句表示的选择，我们来看一下例子 The partial clause and the main clause represent two different choices, so the speaker tends to choose the main clause. let’s check the example together.

那么偏句中多用什么呢？"宁可、 宁愿、 与其"等 连词，主句中多用"也、 What do we use in partial sentence? “Ning ke, Ning yuan, Yu qi” and other conjunction words in partial clauses and “ye,

不如"等副词或连词 看一下例子就比较清楚了。 Bu ru” and other adverbs are used in main clause. Some examples will express clearly.

第一例，宁可扔了 也不给你。 First example, I'd rather(Ning Ke) throw it away rather than give it to you.

扔了是一种选择，不给你也是一种选择 但是我们倾向于扔这样的选择。 Throwing it away is a choice, and not giving it to you is also a choice, but we tend to the choice of throwing away.

那第二例，宁愿待在家里 也不去看电影，待在家里和不去看电影 Second example, I prefer to(Ning yuan) stay at home rather than watching films. Staying at home and watching films

也是两种选择，所以呢但是呢，倾向于呢第一种，待在家里 第三例，与其求别人帮忙，不如自己动手
are also two choices, but we prefer to choose the first one of staying at home.
Third one, (Yu qi)It is better to do it on your own than to ask for help.

这也是，"与其求别人帮忙"是一种选择 “不如自己动手"也是一种选择，但是我们偏向于前面一种选择
Which is the same, “ask for help” is a choice, “do it on your own” is also a choice,

那这个偏向于后面一种选择，这个第三例是不一样的 in this cause we prefer to choose the second one which is differ from those two examples.

取舍复句中关联词语的搭配情况 The collocation of conjunction words in selective compound sentences.

取舍复句中常见的关联词语的搭配情况如下表，我们看一下表格 The collocation of conjunction words in selective compound sentences are as follows: look at the form.

偏句说"宁可"，正句说"也" 比如说，我宁可不去，也不跟你一起去 For example, in partial clause we use “Ning Ke” and use “Ye” in main clause. I’d (Ning ke)rather no go than go with you.

第二例"宁愿"，也可以用"宁愿……也……"，宁愿多 花点钱，也要把它买到手，或者"与其……不如……"
Second example, use “Ning Yuan”, we can also use “Ning yuan… ye…”
I'd (Ning yuan) rather spend more money, as long as(Ye) I can buy it. or use “Yu qi… Bu ru…”