GRADUATED TAX: A type of progressive tax in which the tax rate is higher as the value of the taxed item increases. For example a graduated sales tax would be one with a 5 percent tax rate on the first $10 of sales, 10 percent tax rate on the any sales between $10 and $50, then a 15 percent rate for anything above $50. Our personal income tax system uses graduated taxes.

ACCUMULATION: The process of acquiring an item and adding that item to others previously acquired. In an economic context this most often refers to the accumulation of capital, as in the phrase "capital accumulation." However, it is also used in the context of consumer durable goods, financial assets, money, wealth, and a host of other "stock" variables. When applied to capital, the process of accumulation occurs through investment.

An event or action that is subject to investigation, analysis, and explanation using the scientific method. Phenomena are the sorts of things that science seeks to explain. They can be common events, like the blowing wind, or unusual, like the extinction of the dinosaurs.

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