Objective: To evaluate bone response at the interface bone – implant using piezoelectric osteotomy in diabetic rabbit’s femur, and compare with results using conventional osteotomy technique. Material and Methods: Twenty New Zealand mature male rabbits with an average weight of (2-3.5 kg) were induced for diabetes using Streptozocin (STZ) drug, then diabetic rabbits had been controlled using insulin injection and were divided into 2 groups; The 1st group of 10 rabbits received implants prepared by conventional drills while the 2nd group 10 rabbits received implants prepared by Piezo surgery(PS). All rabbits were euthanized one month after the surgery. Samples were evaluated histologically using stereomicroscope, light microscope, then histomorphometrical analysis was done in order to estimate bone to implant contact (BIC).

Results: The histological results of our study using stereomicroscope and light microscope in group (A): implants showed Osseo integration with direct bone-implant contact visible at most parts of the cortical bone after 4 weeks’ period of follow up. However, small areas showed minimal gap spaces along the implant bone interface. With no observed signs of an inflammatory or foreign body reaction. While in group

(B): Implants showed nearly complete Osseo integration with direct bone-implant contact visible at the cortical bone. Moreover, there was obvious thick layer of newly formed lamellar bone around the implants. Our histomorphometric analysis results of BIC was measured on the digitalized histological photomicrograph and expressed in pixels. PS showed non-significant increase in the percentage of the mean BIC at (p=0.268) compared to conventional technique.

Conclusions: PS permitted new bone formation for Osseo integration of titanium implants in controlled diabetics rabbits and afforded results similar to those of conventional technique. PS can be considered a feasible alternative in dental implant in diabetics.