Russian President Vladimir Putin (left) and Exxon Mobil Corp. CEO Rex Tillerson shook hands after signing an agreement between Exxon Mobil and the state-controlled Russian oil company Rosneft in June 2012 in Tuapse, Russia. President-elect Donald Trump is widely expected to be nominate Tillerson to be his secretary of state. File photo by Mikhail KlimentyevThe Associated Press

Russian President Vladimir Putin (left) and Exxon Mobil Corp. CEO Rex Tillerson shook hands after signing an agreement between Exxon Mobil and the state-controlled Russian oil company Rosneft in June 2012 in Tuapse, Russia. President-elect Donald Trump is widely expected to be nominate Tillerson to be his secretary of state. File photo by Mikhail KlimentyevThe Associated Press

For Rex Tillerson, Russia was the proving ground that helped vault him to leadership of a company whose annual sales dwarf the economic output of most nations.

Sources said Monday night that Tillerson, Exxon Mobil Corp.’s chairman and chief executive officer since 2006, is to be appointed secretary of state by President-elect Donald despite, or perhaps because of, a long record of engagement with America’s former Cold War adversary.

In the late 1990s, when serving as a vice president for Exxon’s Russian unit, Tillerson helped revive a $17 billion oil development in a remote region east of Moscow that had been stalled by bureaucratic inaction for most of a decade.

The project, which tapped a cluster of oil discoveries beneath the ice-choked seas off Russia’s Far East, became a crown jewel in Exxon’s global portfolio, pumping hundreds of millions of barrels of crude since the first wells came on-line in 2005. The achievement burnished a resume already chock-full of successes helping direct Exxon’s forays in the Middle East and Southeast Asia.

“Russia made his career,” said Joseph Pratt, a University of Houston oil-industry historian, in a 2015 interview. Tillerson’s success in turbulent late ’90s Russia “really impressed” Exxon’s leadership team at corporate headquarters in Irving, Texas.

Trump said he’s “very, very close” to naming his secretary of state and lauded Tillerson in an interview broadcast Sunday on “Fox News Sunday” as “a world-class player.”

Tillerson joined Exxon in 1975 after graduating from the University of Texas with a civil engineering degree. If confirmed by the Senate as secretary of state, he would be the first oil executive to hold the office.

The move would hand top diplomatic powers to a man whose ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin go back to 1999.

Some senators are balking.

Exxon spokesman Alan Jeffers declined to comment on Tillerson’s candidacy or the company’s succession plan, although the chief executive will hit Exxon’s mandatory retirement age of 65 in March.

Exxon’s board promoted Tillerson to president in 2004, signaling he was in line to succeed Lee Raymond as chairman and CEO. Tillerson was a surprise pick at the time, edging out older rival Edward Galante for the top job in an organization that puts a premium on experience, said John Stuart, a former vice chairman of Guaranty Bank in Dallas and friend of several Exxon executives. Tillerson formally assumed the CEO role in January 2006.

“Rex came out of nowhere in that organization,” Stuart said in a 2006 interview. “He was like a rocket.”

Tillerson’s easygoing manner and personal warmth were a welcome change from Raymond’s famously brusque leadership style, according to three current and former Exxon employees who asked not be identified discussing the corporate environment. At a shareholder meeting at Dallas’s symphony hall, Tillerson once joked about moving the annual gathering to Luckenbach, Texas, a country-music mecca memorialized in Waylon Jennings’ 1977 song.

Tillerson’s relationship with Russia evolved following the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991. It was a time when Exxon saw its efforts to explore oil-rich zones in Russia’s interior frustrated by bureaucratic hurdles, including the inability to garner permits or drilling licenses. In response, in-country executives including Tillerson decided to pursue a “peripheral strategy” that focused on projects on the nation’s edges, close to ports that could export crude as soon as it was pumped out of the ground, according to Pratt.

Sakhalin 1 was a prime example of a project on the periphery. It was on Sakhalin Island in 1999 that Tillerson first met Putin, when the Russian leader’s plane stopped there to refuel en route to Japan. Not long after that tete-a-tete, Sakhalin 1 began rolling forward again, ending eight years of suspended animation.

The “time I spent in Russia got a lot of people’s attention,” Tillerson told Pratt and William Hale in “Exxon: Transforming Energy: 1973-2005,” a company history they co-authored.

Tillerson had caught the eye of senior managers grooming future leaders as early as 1992, when he was summoned to Exxon’s corporate headquarters to vet new oil production proposals for the management committee of senior vice presidents that oversee day-to-day operations along with the chief executive officer.

That was followed by a two-year assignment to Yemen, where he renegotiated a natural gas concession, and then a stint handling international gas sales in Thailand and elsewhere.

“He had handled himself well in a series of nations characterized by high political risks,” Pratt and Hale wrote in their book.

Tillerson’s relationship with Putin reasserted itself in 2011, when Exxon signed a multibillion-dollar deal with Kremlin-controlled Rosneft PJSC to drill Russia’s vast Arctic, shale and deepwater fields. The historic agreement led to a billion-barrel oil discovery in the Kara Sea off Russia’s northern coast in 2014, but the project was halted shortly thereafter when the United States and European Union levied sanctions to punish Russia for annexing the Crimea in Ukraine and aiding Ukrainian separatists.

At the time, Tillerson expressed doubt that sanctions would prove an effective foreign policy tool.

“We don’t find them to be effective unless they are very well implemented,” Tillerson said at the company’s May 2014 shareholders meeting. Authorities imposing the sanctions should consider “who are they really harming?”

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