When doctors suspect growth, fertility or metabolism problems, they refer patients to an endocrinologist. An expert in the body's system of endocrine glands that includes the thyroid, pancreas, pituitary gland, ovaries and testes, the endocrinologist understands how the hormones they produce regulate body functions. Common conditions endocrinologists treat -- obesity, diabetes and thyroid disorders -- pose significant public health problems, according to Winthrop-University Hospital.

Diagnosis

In addition to physical examinations, endocrinologists rely on a variety of tests to diagnose the hormonal imbalances that contribute to or cause osteoporosis, hypertension, weight loss or gain, diabetes and infertility. Their evaluations include bone density readings, magnetic resonance images (MRIs), biopsies of the thyroid gland, lipid profiles that measure cholesterol levels in the blood and blood analyses that show concentrations of glucose and hormones such as cortisol.

Treatment

The endocrinologist outlines a treatment program to address the hormone-related disorders and diseases unveiled by tests. Depending on the patient's condition, treatment may involve hormone replacement therapy, surgery or medication. Endocrinologists also prescribe exercise, educate patients on their nutrition needs and recommend lifestyle changes to help regulate and manage hormone levels.

Care Coordination

Some conditions require the endocrinologist to confer with other specialists. For example, they work with oncologists for cancers of the endocrine system, gynecologists for fertility problems and radiologists for radiotherapy treatment. They coordinate care with pediatricians whose patients have health issues related to how their endocrine glands function.

Research

Some endocrinologists research new options for treating hormone-related health conditions. According to the Hormone Health Network website, infertility, a condition affecting one in 10 couples in the U.S., has benefited from endocrine research. Clinical research conducted by endocrinologists continues to seek ways to prevent the onset and treatment of diabetes, a life-threatening disease that the American Diabetes Association reports has reached epidemic proportion.

About the Author

Trudy Brunot began writing in 1992. Her work has appeared in "Quarterly," "Pennsylvania Health & You," "Constructor" and the "Tribune-Review" newspaper. Her domestic and international experience includes human resources, advertising, marketing, product and retail management positions. She holds a master's degree in international business administration from the University of South Carolina.

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