pt. 1. The 1850s. 1. Analysis and Synthesis. The Hegelian Atmosphere of the 1850s. Chernyshevsky. The Contemporary Reception of Tolstoy's Work. Tolstoy and Chernyshevshy. Subjective Reality for the Early Tolstoy. Tolstoy's Goethean Realism. 2. The Young Tolstoy's Understanding of the Human Soul. Tolstoy, the Psychological Analyst. Synthesis and the Influence of Rousseau. 3. The First Synthesis: Nature and the Young Tolstoy. Tolstoy's Understanding of Nature in the Early 1850s. A Maturing Philosophy of Nature (Tolstoy and Fet). Botkin and the Exploration of the Feelings. Sterne. N.V. Stankevich. Nature, Reason, and the Feelings ("Lucerne"). Objective and Subjective Poetry. The Metaphysics of Opposites and Goethe Again --
pt. 2. The 1860s. 4. Nature and Civilization in The Cossacks. Natural Necessity in The Cossacks. The Morality of Self-Sacrifice in the Stag's Lair. The Cossack as Savage Man. 5. The Unity of Man and Nature in War and Peace. Nature and History in War and Peace. Circular versus Faustian Reason in War and Peace. The Morality of Nature in War and Peace. The Importance of Spirit in Wartime. Reason, Morality, and Nature in the Human Soul. The Rostovs and "Living Life" The Bolkonskys. Pierre. "Lyrical Daring" in War and Peace --
pt. 3. The 1870s. 6. From Nature to Culture in the 1870s. Schopenhauer. Schopenhauer and Arzamas. Nature after Schopenhauer. Linking Happiness and Morality in Anna Karenina. 7. Drama in Anna Karenina. The Symposium in the Restaurant. Anna as Heroine of a Novel. Anna's Radical Individualism. To Judge or Not Judge Anna. 8. Science, Philosophy and Synthesis in the 1870s. The Enduring Importance of Unity for Tolstoy. Atomism. Kantian Epistemology. The Attack on the Individual. The Denigration of the "Personality" The Morally Free Individual in Anna Karenina. Synthesis and Lyrical Daring Once Again.