But researchers believe there may be many other cases of seemingly sporadic ovarian cancer that are actually inherited – some via the X chromosome girls get from their father.

Image copyrightAFP/getty

Image caption
Angelina Jolie had her first preventative surgery in 2013

Men pass on one X chromosome to their daughters.

Dr Kevin Eng and colleagues at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute honed in on one suspect gene, called MAGEC3, located on the X chromosome from fathers.

Ovarian cancers linked to genes inherited from the father (and paternal grandmother) had an earlier age-of-onset than ones linked to maternal genes, and were also associated with higher rates of prostate cancer in fathers and sons.

Lead author Kevin Eng from the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Centre in Buffalo, New York said: “What we have to do next is make sure we have the right gene by sequencing more families. This finding has sparked a lot of discussion within our group about how to find these X-linked families.

“It’s an all-or-none kind of pattern: A family with three daughters who all have ovarian cancer is more likely to be driven by inherited X mutations than by BRCA mutations.”

Ovarian cancer and BRCA

Most women in the UK have a one in 54 chance of developing ovarian cancer in their lifetime,

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that help repair damage to the DNA in our cells. If people inherit a mutated version of either of these genes it puts them at greater risk of certain cancers.

Dr Catherine Pickworth from Cancer Research UK said: “This research suggests that some women’s risk of ovarian cancer could be passed down through their father’s family, as well as their mother’s, due to newly discovered faulty genes.

“In future, this could help women with a family history of ovarian cancer better understand their risk of developing the disease. This is important because ovarian cancer is often diagnosed at a late stage when it’s harder to treat. Further work is now needed to get a clearer picture of how the genetic faults uncovered in this research might affect inherited risk of ovarian cancer.”

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