Many Are Abandoning Facebook. These People Have the Opposite Problem.

For a decade, Christopher Reeves, an Uber driver in Seattle, used Facebook for everything: talking with friends, communicating with fellow drivers, meeting singles. But one day in June, as he was uploading photos from a comic book convention and a family trip to Disneyland, he found himself abruptly logged out.

When Mr. Reeves, 32, tried to sign back in, the Facebook page said that his account had been disabled. It requested a photo to verify his identity. He took a selfie with his iPhone, but Facebook rejected it, as well as several other self portraits. Eventually he gave up and sought out a page in Facebook’s help center for people who think their accounts have been disabled by mistake. He provided his name, email address and a photo of his driver’s license.

Days passed. Mr. Reeves heard nothing. He searched in vain for a way to talk to a human at Facebook. He sent Twitter messages to Facebook and was ignored. After a week of growing increasingly frustrated, he went to Facebook’s office in downtown Seattle, where, he recalled, five receptionists sat behind a counter in the lobby.

“My account got disabled, and I need help,” he said. The workers told him no one could assist him.

“What if my account doesn’t get reactivated?” Mr. Reeves asked, desperate. A receptionist advised him to make a new profile. (That’s against Facebook’s terms of service, which specify that users “create only one account (your own).”)

Mr. Reeves created a new account, but it was disabled within hours; when he made yet another one, it was disabled within minutes. It’s now been three months, and he has no idea why he’s still unable to log in.

“Life is rather dull without Facebook,” Mr. Reeves said.

While many users are abandoning Facebook, fed up with what seems like a never-ending series of privacy violations, a small cohort find themselves in the opposite position. They’ve been kicked off the platform, and no matter how hard they try — and they try really, really hard — they can’t get back on.

In March, Jessica May, 33, an activist of color based in Maryland, found herself logged out by Facebook and presented with a request for identification. Ms. May wasn’t surprised; trolls often falsely reported her for violating the site’s rules, and she had been through the account reactivation process many times. This time, though, Ms. May’s attempts to regain access didn’t work. She’s now signing into Facebook with a second, professional account that she created a couple of years ago but rarely used.

When Ms. May researched the issue online, she found countless others in the same position. “You’re holding our social network hostage, along with our memories,” she complained in a YouTube video she posted in hopes that someone from Facebook would see it. “I have so much to say and so much to share. What the hell did I do? I just want to know. But it’s radio silence.”

In Facebook’s version of a justice system, users are told only that their accounts have been disabled for “suspicious activity.” If they appeal — via a terse form that will accept only a name, contact information and an image of an ID — a mysterious review process begins. The wait can be endless, and the inability to contact a Facebook employee maddening. Increasingly agitated, Facebook castaways turn for help to Twitter, Reddit, Quora, message boards and, well, me. Because I have a history ofwriting about (and sometimes solving) people’stroubles with the platform, profoundly addicted Facebook users have found their way to my inbox, emailing multiple times a day for updates about their cases, which I do not have.

‘It was a real panic moment’

With more than 2 billion active members, Facebook has long been criticized for allowing bad actors to proliferate on its platform, from violent extremists to identity thieves. In May, the company announced that it disabled more than 3 billion “fake accounts” over a six-month period. (The platform records more accounts than it does active members.) “Our intent is simple: find and remove as many as we can while removing as few authentic accounts as possible,” wrote Alex Schultz, Facebook’s vice president for analytics, in an accompanying post.

It’s possible that users like Mr. Reeves and Ms. May were caught up in the sweep. But the number of people complaining about disabled Facebook accounts has been going up for years, according to data from the Federal Trade Commission, which tracked three such complaints in 2015, 12 in 2016, and more than 50 in each of the last two years.

Once Facebook disables an account, Mr. Schultz wrote, it keeps the person behind it from rejoining by deploying “advanced detection systems” that look for “patterns of using suspicious email addresses, suspicious actions, or other signals previously associated with other fake accounts we’ve removed.”

Travis Hinton, a dishwasher in New York who has used Facebook since 2012 to stay in touch with friends and to write posts about abandoned subway stations, found this out the hard way. After his account was disabled in July, he tried repeatedly to create new accounts using a series of new email addresses and found that the new accounts were disabled almost immediately.

Mr. Hinton, 34, found the company’s phone number and called it. “For customer support, press one,” said a voice recording. Hinton pressed 1. “Thank you for calling Facebook user operations,” he heard. “Unfortunately, we do not offer phone support at this time.” Then his line went dead. (This is still the message a caller receives.)

Mr. Hinton is incensed at being locked out of Facebook. He’s repeatedly tweeted obscenities at Facebook on Twitter and written angry, profane comments on Mark Zuckerberg’s Instagram posts. (Mr. Hinton didn’t lose his access to that social network, even though it is owned by Facebook.) He also tries to create new Facebook accounts — on different computers and phones, and at different locations — on a weekly basis, only to find them disabled within minutes.

Facebook’s decisions are opaque, and it can catch flak in situations that, in hindsight, take on a new clarity. In 2013, a videographer named Chris Leydon wrote for The Next Web about the trauma of having his Facebook account disabled without explanation. In 2017, the site added an editor’s note to the top of the post: “The guest author of this post was charged and found guilty of numerous offenses including sexual assault of a minor.” It is possible that Facebook’s decision to ban him was related; the site scans private messages for inappropriate interactions between adults and minors.

“Keeping our platform safe from bad actors is our highest priority,” said a Facebook spokeswoman. “Our detection technology isn’t perfect and sometimes we make mistakes. But we offer people the tools they need to regain access.”

When Facebook reviewed 14 disabled accounts belonging to users contacted by The New York Times, the company said that just five had been banned with cause. Facebook suggested that the others should simply go through the appeals process again; most did, but none of their accounts have been reactivated so far.

Some of the excommunicated have woeful tales, such as Colton Berk, 23, a barista in Portland, Ore. His account was disabled in 2017, a few months after his older brother was killed in a car accident. “It was a real panic moment,” Mr. Berk said. “I hadn’t saved a lot of photos that I had posted of my older brother and me, and I lost it all.” He appealed to Facebook, which told him that his account was permanently disabled for “fraudulent activity.” Mr. Berk has since gotten back online with an alias: Bolton Cerk. “I had to assume a fraudulent identity to rejoin,” he said. “Ironically, I am now doing what they accused me of.”

Some frustrated Facebook exiles have turned to the courts. Mustafa Fteja, of Staten Island, sued Facebook in a New York court in 2011 after his account was disabled; Mr. Fteja, who is Muslim, alleged religious discrimination. Facebook got the case moved to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, the region where the company is based, and the case was ultimately dismissed when Mr. Fteja, who was representing himself, failed to file the proper documents. In May, an antidrug abuse group sued Facebook in Poland for disabling its Facebook page, alleging violation of the group’s free speech rights. While the suit is ongoing, the court ordered Facebook to preserve the group’s data and followers until the case is resolved; usually Facebook deletes an account’s data six months after it’s been disabled.

One Facebook user in Sweden found a way to reach a human at Facebook after his account was disabled. His first name is Jonatan; he asked that his last name not be published, so that he wouldn’t be contacted by a deluge of other users seeking help. “I did it through the job applications,” he said, laughing. Jonatan went to Facebook’s careers page and filled out an application for a lead developer position, but instead of talking about his qualifications, he wrote about not being able to reactivate his disabled account.

A couple of days later, Jonatan got an email from a Facebook recruiter who told him that, while it wasn’t the proper channel for the problem, he would look into Jonatan’s account. It was soon reactivated. “I rarely use Facebook now,” he said.

Mr. Reeves, of Seattle, is not so blasé. After reviewing his account at the request of The Times, Facebook determined he was inadvertently “caught in a security checkpoint.” But Mr. Reeves remained stuck in light-blue purgatory. At one point in early August, he apologized for contacting me so often, explaining that he was “desperate” to have his account reactivated by Aug. 15, his birthday.

On Aug. 14, Reeves went back to the Seattle Facebook office to beg them again for attention. The receptionists repeated that they couldn’t help him, and said that no one in customer support worked in the building. “I was frustrated, but I stayed calm,” Mr. Reeves told me. “I didn’t scream or anything. I didn’t want to spend my birthday in jail.”

A version of this article appears in print on , Section BU, Page 5 of the New York edition with the headline: Locked Out by Facebook, and Pounding on the Door. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe