When You Should Water Your Succulents

January 25, 2019September 5, 2019

Guides > Watering

Everyone praises succulents as being really easy to care
for, so it’s kind of embarrassing when one dies on you.

Don’t worry, you (probably) don’t have a brown thumb. There
are a few misconceptions about how to care for succulents well. You really only
have to straighten out one thing to become a succulent maven – watering.

How often to water succulents?

Here’s a little-known secret for succulent care – the amount that you water your succulents
isn’t nearly as important as how often
you water them.

It makes sense if you consider why succulents are so
sensitive to water.

Since most succulents and cacti are native to dry, desert-y
conditions, they have adaptations to prevent water loss. That thick waxy sheen
on the leaves is called a “cuticle” and it prevents water from evaporating out
of the leaves. Succulents even have a special version of photosynthesis (called
CAM photosynthesis) where they only open their pores at night to minimize water
loss.

These plants are really
good at retaining water. So good, in fact, that they can accidentally drown
themselves. Plants actually breathe mostly through their roots, believe it or
not. If those roots are wet, they can’t breathe.

Succulent roots have evolved to act like every drop of water
might be the last. They cling jealously to all the water they can find in their
soil. Unfortunately, being constantly wet leads to root rot – a deadly illness
for most plants (and succulents are particularly susceptible).

The number one killer
of succulents is overwatering. But not in the sense that they get too much
water – rather, they get watered too often. It’s absolutely crucial that the soil
is given time to dry out between waterings.

So how often do you actually water a succulent or cactus? A good rule of thumb is to water once every 10 days. You should still check to be sure that the soil is dry (and has been for a couple days) before you water again.

How much to water succulents?

Now we know when to water our succulents and cacti, but not
how much.

To figure this out, we go back to the desert these plants came from. It does actually rain in the desert, contrary to common belief. However, that only happens a couple times a year. And in the desert the saying “When it rains, it pours.” is very accurate. The sky just dumps buckets of water. Succulents like to be watered this way too, albeit a bit more often. Forget about the eyedroppers and spray bottles. Put those ‘succers’ under the faucet and drench them. You should water until the water begins to run out of the bottom of the pot. That’s how you know you’ve soaked the soil all the way through.

And that part is important – you want to ensure that all of the soil is completely wetted. If you use only a little water, it doesn’t penetrate more than the top couple of inches of soil. That forces the plant to grow roots upwards instead of downwards. That leads to weak roots, poor stability, and an ineffective anchor for the plant. A recipe for disaster.

Proper succulent watering technique

While throwing your plant in the sink is certainly a viable
method, you can practice some more applied techniques for an even better
effect.

We already mentioned that all the soil in the pot needs to
be drenched. That’s still true. If possible, though, you should try to avoid
getting water on the leaves. This opens the door to a few problems:

Mold and mildew can form in the crevices of a plant (like where the leaves meet the stem). It also provides a nice habitat for pests, who generally prefer moist environments. We recommend using a succulent watering bottle with bend watering mouth for easy control during the watering process! We really like this one by Mkono

2. Plants can’t drink through their leaves. That’s what
roots are for. Any water on a leaf is being wasted.

3. Occasionally plants, even succulents, suffer from
sunburn. When you leave a liquid like water on leaves while the plant is
exposed to bright sunlight, there’s a chance that the water will act like a
magnifying glass and burn the leaf.

So, if you have few enough plants (or just really enjoy watering), you should water each plant individually by pouring water at the base of the stem. Make sure to get the rest of the pot as well. If you are new to plants, we highly recommend this planting & watering tool kit by Mkono!

Avoid overwatering

Water isn’t the only factor in the watering equation,
actually. Soil plays a big part.

One of the qualities of soil is how much water it retains.
Soil mixtures that have a lot of organic matter (stuff like peat moss, coconut
coir, etc.) tend to hold a lot of water. Mixtures that mostly have minerals or
inorganic matter (such as perlite or sand) don’t absorb water.

Succulents and cacti require quick-draining soil. You want the soil to dry out as quickly as possible after it’s watered. Ideally in the same day. That’s why watering in the morning is ideal – it has the whole day to evaporate.

So, grab some soil specific to succulents and cacti next time you’re out. Your plants will thank you. A quick DIY solution is to just buy a bag of perlite and mix it half and half with any other kind of soil. It’s not perfect, but it will dramatically increase drainage.

If you do not have any local places to pick up some quick-draining soil, we highly recommend this quick draining soil from Superfly Bonsai on Amazon.

Note also that many succulents you buy (especially from big
box stores) actually have a poor soil mix when they’re sold to you. You’ll
probably want to repot them as soon as you’re able.

And speaking of pots – the second most important factor in preventing overwatering is having adequate drainage. That means use pots with a drainage hole. That means that teacups and terrariums aren’t optimal containers for succulents and cacti.

Without proper drainage at the bottom of a pot, water tends
to pool and the roots stay wet for longer. That’s dangerous. And, no, gravel in the bottom of a pot does not
constitute drainage. The water is still there. It doesn’t go anywhere.

We’re not saying you can never put them in those cutesy containers. (By the way, if you’re having trouble finding inspiration for planting succulents check out our 12 minimalistic ways to plant succulents). Just know that they might not survive it for very long or be very happy for the duration. So much for that Pinterest photo shoot you had planned, eh?

Tips for succulent watering

Different plants have different needs. Sometimes wildly so. Kalanchoe, for example, are pretty thirsty succulents. They begin to wilt after a week without water. The famous “butt plants”, Lithops, can only be watered three or four times a year or they promptly die. (psst: if you are looking for Lithops Seeds, we recommend these by Micro Landscape Design)

Always err on the side of underwatering. Succulents and cacti are literally designed to be thirsty sometimes. They can almost always bounce back from lack of water… but recovering from too much water is a dicey prospect at best.

If you have a community pot (a pot with multiple species of plants), water to the lowest common denominator. That means that you should water only when the “driest” plants start to get thirsty. We are following the same advice as above – it’s better for succulents to be thirsty for a while rather than overwatering.

Enjoyed learning about When You Should Water Your Succulents? If so, you’ll really enjoy the ebook about The Correct Way to Water Succulents. With this ebook, you’ll find yourself more detailed answers that’ll help your succulent grow even better! With thousands of succulent lovers enjoying our ebooks, you don’t want to miss out on what works the best to grow your succulents.

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Your article doesn’t mention one thing about sunlight. Is the above for growing plants outdoors only? Sunlight is a huge factor when it comes to succulents taking up water. A drainage hole does no good if a succulent is hanging out indoors in low light.

Awsome advice ???
All I have are cactus and succulents ! I’m obsessed ? I just lost a 17 year old…:( i usually skip that one between watering,,it’s in a porcine bowl.. I’m devestated ? Lol
Great article ♥️?

I am much thankful for well said reccomendations and friendly advice especially to newly engage hobby or business on succulents and cactus. I engaged for almost 3 years as my hobby and as my partime backyard business. Now, I am happy with this article of yours to widen my ideas on proper caring and watering CnS.. I’m Looking for updates more articles on CnS or any related plants best for interior and exposed to sunlight plants. Thank you & God bless!