A DEVELOPMENT ON MOLECULAR-LEVEL TIME AND VOLTAGE DEPENDENT ION FLUX MODELS

A modified Nernst-Planck ion flux model is presented that describes ion flow through the Gramicidin A ion channel. The influence of the tryptophan electric dipole on ion flux is explicitly represented at the molecular level. Four tryptophan amino acids embedded in the Gramicidin polypeptide each exhibit an electric dipole that is reported to influence ion flow through the channel. The tryptophan molecule is also capable of conformational changes affecting its resultant dipole. Via existing experimental biological results and first principles in physics, we develop models for time-dependent and voltage-dependent ion flux. Ion flux profiles generated by the model equations follow trends in experimental results for time and voltage dependent ion currents measured in whole cell and single channel recordings.

PRESENCE OF ZINC SULPHIDE IN ZINC-ORE CONCENTRATES

The speciation of a concentrate of a zinc-ore has been investigated in this study. The effect of the chlorate oxidant in the leaching of the concentrate under varying acidity levels has also been studied. The results indicate that the chlorate ion enhances the oxidative-leaching of the zinc-ore concentrate. The results also show that no significant level of leaching is realized by use of sulphuric acid in excess of a 2 mL-volume aliquot in a 50-mL leaching solution. Increments in temperature in the range of 30o to 60oC (303-333 K) appeared to generally lead to an enhanced leaching rate of the zinc-ore concentrate. The results obtained further show that the zinc-ore concentrate does not exist primarily in the form of ZnS.

Keywords: Zinc-Ore Oxidative-Leaching, Chlorate, Zinc-Ore Speciation.

CONSERVATION LAWS OF NATURE
Author(s): Subhendu Das

CONSERVATION LAWS OF NATURE

Author(s): Subhendu Das

The laws of conservation describe the fundamental characteristics of nature. In this paper we show some unifying results that we have not seen before in standard textbooks or in professional publications. We show that most of the laws of nature can be derived from or are equivalent to the laws of conservation. In particular, we show that Newton's second law, the third law, and the second law of thermodynamics belong to the class of laws of conservation. Also we show that the derivative in calculus is a law of conservation. Since the differential equation is based on the derivatives, then it must also be a law of conservation. We conclude that every system follows the laws of conservation, because they can be described by a set of simultaneous differential equations. Thus in nature, we have only one kind of laws – the laws of conservation. We also show that the laws of conservation are memory laws and that the nature is completely deterministic. In this paper we do not consider relativistic effects.

COHESION OF PHILOSOPHY, SCIENTIFIC TECHNOLOGY, AND CULTURE

Author(s): Adebisi G. M. Adedeji

A lover of wisdom is someone who is philosophically minded. He aims to view the world from the right perspective because he wants to live rightly. Hence, he seeks after wisdom, knowledge, and insight by thinking rightly with his or her endowed reasoning faculty as a philosopher. He uses reasoning, knowledge and skill seeking solution to the problems of living. Man is confronted and challenged not only by philosophical and science technological problems, but with cultural factors. A technological scientist is a cultural being. The use of his reasoning ability in his scientific knowledge and technological skill is determined by cultural factors. While a scientific technologist has to be philosophically minded, he carries out his scientific engagements with cultural consciousness and with a reasonable understanding. "Science, generally speaking, may be called an invention of human mind, a cultural activity, a kind of knowledge acquired through intellectual means and with reference to the human environment", says Fadahunsi, (Fadahunsi, 2003: 8) Culture engulfs the totality of human existence, philosophically and scientifically. With the endowment of a reasoning faculty, man is philosophically empowered to engage in reflective, contemplative, meditative and thinking activities. Our submission in this work is that, man at the center of his own scientific and cultural activities, gives meaning and understanding to philosophy, science technology, and culture. Theoretically, this work explains the understanding of Cutural Environment and Technology, Science Technology and Culture, and Philosophy and Cultural Technology.

THE MATHEMATICIAN WHO NEVER EXISTED

Author(s): Thomas P. Dence

The Frenchman, Nicolas Bourbaki, was one of the world's most famous mathematicians during the 20th century. His writings of over 7000 pages influenced many people and provided the material for the New Math that swept through the United States. The only problem was that he didn't really exist – or did he?

EYE CONTROLLED SENSITIVE SCREENS TO ADJUST BRIGHTNESS

Author(s): J. Arun Prakash

In the current scenario of ever advancing world of today, IT professionals are crowned to take challenges in targeting several goals. In this endeavor, on a one-to-one basis of achievements on the operational mode, eyestrain has direct correlations with brightness of computer screens. This is true mainly because of the fact that eyestrains causative factor is due to the relative transmission intensity of light from inside as well as outside of the computer screens. When you use a computer, your ambient lighting should be about half that used in most offices. So, the monitor should be adjusted to make sure that the contrast between the screen background and the on-screen characters is high. This paper focuses on those people who get affected by Computer Vision Syndrome. The brightness and contrast have impact on eyestrain. The constant use of a CRT monitor can cause various symptoms in those sensitive to it such as headaches in migraine sufferers and seizures in epileptics, if they are photosensitive. According to this research paper, the system is designed in the way that brightness of the computer is automatically adjusted based on the eye tracking. If the eye of the user gets tired to a certain extent, then it may interrupt the user’s work. So once the eyes are found to reach a tired limit, the brightness of the monitor is decreased by 10 percent automatically. It is decreased in regular intervals until the level of brightness reaches a minimum of 35. Also a warning is shown stating that, "IT IS MAXIMUM TODAY". The Efficient Eye tracking system is proposed to detect the tiredness in eyes, thus looking forward to save the health of people. Also, a tracking sensor is fixed to the keyboard to measure the typing speed that displays your concentration and efficiency in your work. The blinking rate of your eyes are also measured. Once your blinking rate is detected to be Zero for particular time period, then the files are automatically saved and system shuts down with a soft alarm tone. This creates awareness to the user and the tracking system helps in rating the efficiency of one's own work. Thus this paper helps in enhancing the efficiency of work of desired goal as designed by IT professionals.

Author(s): David King, James A. Ellzy and Christina King

The purpose of the study is to present a step-by-step framework to ease the use of statistical operations within application software for quantitative researchers, and in the broader field of mathematics. The authors illustrated philosophical kinship among scientific scholars using technical procedures. There were two significant questions that led to this study. Q1: "Can Microsoft Word convert statistical symbols as readable text for research presentation?" Q2: "How effective can statistical symbols be formatted in Microsoft text processing (MSTP) from a peer reviewed, scanned and / or archived paper?". Microsoft Text Processing (MSTP) also known as MS Word processing and its predecessors include a built-in support for writing and editing arithmetic equations. The methodology required to fulfill this requirement was to develop a simple step-by-step procedure to assist quantitative researchers so that they could eliminate the need for complex (otherwise the frustrations of) formatting while using MS Word. Review of mathematical calculations was used as the literature critique and is appropriate for this kind of study. To test the validity of the questions, a workshop was established for Statisticians, Mathematicians and Research Fellows from a broader (national and global) intellectual community in their respective fields.

INVESTIGATION BURNOUT OF EMPLOYEES IN PUBLIC SECTOR
Author(s): Mine Şenel and Bilgin Şenel

INVESTIGATION BURNOUT OF EMPLOYEES IN PUBLIC SECTOR

Author(s): Mine Şenel and Bilgin Şenel

The basis of different cognitive levels of human beings, demographic characteristics might cause them to feel burnout at different levels depending on their profession. It is crucial especially for human resources planning in public institutions to have a clear idea about which demographic characteristics trigger burnout level. The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of the demographic characteristics of Turkish public officers on their burnout level. For that purpose, 403 employees, randomly selected among those in public institutions, were exposed to the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The study concluded that demographic characteristics have an influence on burnout level. It was discovered that burnout levels get increased with increased tenure of office and age.