Early Empire: Detail of the procession of the Imperial Family from Ara Pacis Augustae (like festival procession from Parthenon; all different ages reflects legacy of empire which continues the wealthy to have more children to continue empire, which is propaganda)

Early Empire: Domus Aurea (Golden House) of Nero, 64-68 CE (usually emperors lived on Palatine Hill, but he built his own villa)

it had a dome (one of the first) and gold & jewels in the walls

what was special about Nero's Golden House?

Early Empire: Portrait of Vespasian, 75-79 CE- The Flavians

Early Empire: Flavian woman (they spend a lot of money on their hair)

Early Empire: colosseum (built on top of Nero's house, but they left over a COLOSSal statue)

series of walls like amphitheater in Pompeii, arches for entrance/exit & movement; animals & gladiators housed under the stage; first covered arena

what was the Colosseum like?

Flavian Amphitheater

what was another name for the Colosseum?

arch flanked by two engaged columns (from Etruscan era); goes from Doric to Ionic to Corinthian as you go up

special architectural feature of Colosseum

Early Empire: Arch of Titus, Rome, 81 CE (post & lintel; cement covered by marble); has a "billboard" on the top dedicated to Nike

Early Empire: Spoils of Jerusalem, relief panel from Arch of Titus, 81 CE (has a menorah)

Early Empire: Triumph of Titus, relief panel from his arch (Titus is in his chariot, pulled by 4 horses; Nike holding a crown over him, Apollo in front=he's more important than, or at least on same level, as them which was never done before)

High Empire: Forum of Trajan, Rome, by Apollodorus of Damascus

Temple of Trajan in the back, column of Trajan in the middle surrounded by libraries, Basilica Ulpia in front of that, Forum the big space in the middle with the Equestrian horse of Trajan

Features of the Forum of Trajan

High Empire: Basilica Ulpia (large open covered building w/ NAVE in the center flanked by AISLES; altars the round things on the side)

High Empire: inside of Basilica Ulpia (relates to Gk temples, but colonnades on inside; everyone could experience it; interior more important than or as important as exterior; natural light)

High Empire: Column of Trajan, 112 (originally Trajan or a pagan god on the top, but now it's St. Peter)

High Empire: Facade on column of Trajan (narrative of victories-continuous register that spirals up)

High Empire: Trajan's Market (high end, at the bottom of a hill, arch was the hill's retaining wall-using it in new ways)

more bobblehead than Roman or Greek ideal; factual, hierarchical scale--not really a sense of proportion; lower class work b/c upper class works were more complex, realistic, idyllic w/ fabric, bodies, drama because they had more money to afford a talented artist

how does the Funerary Relief of Circus official demonstrate changing styles?

Late Empire: Portrait of the 4 tetrarchs, from Constantinople (short & squat, looks like diorite; all share power because are embracing and all have swords-empire was divided into 4 parts)

Late Empire: Palace of Diocletian, Split, Croatia

Late Empire: Palace of Diocletian, Split, Croatia

Late Empire: Portrait of Constantine (who unified the empire one last time, legalized Christianity, converted on deathbed=lowerclass= lowerclass imagery more accepted )-from Basilica

Late Empire: Arch of Constantine, 312-315 CE (triple arch, takes us from end of Roman era to Medieval times!! reliefs important!!)

Late Empire: Circle reliefs: more Greek (sculpture had lost flavor, so they brought earlier Roman works & put them here); registers: disproportionate, constructed at the time

it was the last major work of the Roman empire, and it connected that with Medieval work

why is the arch of constantine so dang important?

Late Empire: Reconstruction drawing of Basilica Nova-Basilica of Constantine (no collonade all the way around, to be experienced internally, fenestrated sequence of groin vaults=what tells you it's late empire!!!)

clerestory, altars

what did the Basilica Nova get influenced by?

Late Empire: Aula Palatina, Germany (built buildings in smaller towns so people could congregate, later used as a church)

Late Empire: interior of Aula Palatina (cross, light coming in from heavens, triumphal arch of Christ) later becomes church