Sleep deprivation and Cognition

Sleep Deprivation and CognitionAccording to the restorative theory of sleep, sleep is needed to maintain the physical health of the body. When people sleep the chemicals that were used during the day are replenished and cellular damage is repaired (Adam, 1980; Moldofsky, 1995). Therefore sleep deprivation causes chemical depletion, and cellular damage ensues, causing a number of ramifications the most common being cognition, motor performance and mood. Many studies have been conducted on sleep deprivation, varying in findings only mediating that the results of these studies are dependent upon measures used in the assessments and problems associated with sleep loss are rooted in the brain. The first experimental study of sleep deprivation on humans was performed in 1896. It involved three people experiencing ninety hours of voluntary sleep deprivation. Results showed extreme discomfort, excessive tiredness and in one case mild hallucinations. Since then numerous studies have been performed. There have been many of other studies on total sleep deprivation, but fewer on partial deprivation. Neurocognitive measures vary widely between partial and total deprivation. The categories of measurement are the cognitive performance, motor performance, and mood throughout deprivation periods. All forms of sleep deprivation result in negative mood, fatigue, loss of motivation, drowsiness and confusion. Yes, feelings of irritability, anxiety and depression are believed to stem from inadequate sleep, but there is no evidence stating that the effects on the (sleep deprived) individual is dependent on the environment in which the individual is in. However, these changes have been observed repeatedly in sleep deprived individuals regardless of the circumstances. Pitcher and Huffcut’s article “Effects on sleep deprivation on performance: a meta-analysis” suggests that the consequences of sleep deprivation negatively affect fatigue and mood more than it does cognition, and...

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SleepDeprivation
‘What effects does sleepdeprivation have on people?’ Assessment Type 4: Investigation – STAGE 2 ESL
CONTENTS PAGES
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
DEFFINITION………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………3
STATISTICS………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………….4
CAUSES & EFFECTS…………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………4
SOLUTIONS…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….5
CONCLUSION…...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6
INTRODUCTION
As its known sleep plays an important role in our everyday life and studies have exposed that the optimum amount of sleep a person should get each night is seven to eight hours (McClure, 2010). However, many people struggle to get their optimum sleep hours due to various reasons (Anthony, 2014). This report will focus on sleepdeprivation, covering some of the main causes behind these phenomena, followed by statistics and summed up by some recommendations.
DEFFINITION
Sleepdeprivation is the form of not having the amount of sleep each person should have according Cirelli (2014) there are two types of sleep...

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SleepDeprivation
About one in three adults fail to get enough sleep each night. Sleepdeprivation occurs when a person doesn’t get enough hours of sleep. On average most adults need about seven to eight hours of sleep a night. There are many different causes of sleepdeprivation, these causes lead to certain effects on a person. There are also many ways to avoid and cope with sleepdeprivation. Sleep is needed to “charge” a persons body, especially the brain and without sleep the body will not function correctly.
There are many things that can cause a person to deprive themselves of sleep. There are a few main causes such as too little time, choosing to sleep less and medical conditions. Starting with a persons daily schedule, if an adult doesn’t leave themselves with enough sleep time they will become sleep deprived. To avoid this, one could start by scheduling the day around work hours and other priorities while also leaving enough sleep time. There are also medical problems that can lead to issues with getting enough sleep. A good example of a medical issue would be insomnia. Insomnia is when a person is unable to fall asleep, stay asleep or even experience a sleep that will refresh the...

...9:30 section
Literature Review of SleepDeprivationSleepdeprivation is a pattern of sleeping where an individual fails to get enough sleep during the night. On average, adults need seven to eight hours, were teens and children need an average of nine hours of sleep to feel well rested (1). Numerous literatures expand on the topic of sleepdeprivation and the effects it has on the human body. This literature can be divided into three parts: 1) studies that show how sleepdeprivation causes changes in learning, memory, and mood, 2) studies that show an association between REM sleep and learning/memory, and 3) studies that describe the various sleeping disorders and the treatments for them and strategies that can help.
Changes in Learning, Memory, and Mood in Regards to SleepDeprivation
An article published by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine states one in five adults fail to get enough sleep during the night. Those who are sleep deprived show changes in mood, learning memory, and eventually see a decline in health. Symptoms vary, but the most consistent are anxiety, lack of motivation, and some level of depression. Individuals may experience lack of concentration and energy as well as fatigue, restlessness, lack of coordination and...

...gets enough sleep with their own busy schedule, especially teens. Teens need sleep for their body, considering the fact that we have a rapid growth and developing bodies to take care of. As an adolescents, we need a good nine hours of sleep so we do better in school and extracurricular activities. What most of our society is not informed about is the fact being sleep deprived is terrible for your health and may cause life threatening situations. As well as, being sleep deprived is some what of an annoyance.
Sleepdeprivation are things are one of the few things that society already knows about, but they do not know the full affects about it. Many of us have sleepdeprivation but we usually use things that contain caffeine to keep us awake. While caffeine in many beverages can give you "a short term lift, too much can make you crash and leave you feeling sleepier then before." (Wysong) This shows that caffeine will give you a little bit of a boost but then in an hour or so you will crash. This also shows that, all that caffeine is basically a sugar rush in your body, that will not last so long. Some people usually use caffeine to stay awake while driving so they do not fall asleep. Mahowald stated that fall asleep car accidents probably "kill more young Americans under the age of twenty five than alcohol related crashes." This shows that people...

...﻿One Night of SleepDeprivation… vs. Impact of SleepDeprivation…
Introduction
As our lives get busier we are sacrificing sleep in order to get more done and experiencing the detrimental effects of sleepdeprivation is. This paper will summarize two peer-reviewed journal articles that address this topic, outlining the methods, findings and implications of the study. The author will also offer a critique of the two articles, comparing them, addressing ethical and cultural concerns and suggests areas for further research.
Goh et al. Article Summary
Goh, Tong, Chin-Leong, Low, & Lee (2001) conducted a study to determine the adverse effects of sleepdeprivation and how it relates to physical performance. This was an experimental single blind study; researchers randomly and equally chose fourteen males and assigned the males to two groups. The control group (group one) experienced normal sleep without interruption while the experimental group (group two, sleep deprived) was kept awake throughout the night. Researchers did not use a placebo in this study. Researches kept both groups housed at a military camp in doors under normal office lighting. Both groups were allowed to do light reading and watch television to occupy their time during the day. On day one researchers collected saliva samples rotary and grip tests...

...1101-88374
20 March 2014
SleepDeprivation
Everyone knows how difficult it is to wake up after getting little to no sleep. However, many people believe that once they get up and begin their day the drowsiness will wear off. This isn’t necessarily the case. The effects of a lack of sleep can have a major impact on how one functions throughout the day without them even realizing it. According to the National Sleep Foundation, teens need 8.5-9.25 hours of sleep and adults need 7-9 hours of sleep every night. However, many people, especially teens, rarely get this much sleep on a regular basis. Some people lack sleep because they don’t have time or prefer to be doing other things. Others want to sleep but suffer from sleep disorders. It is estimated that about 50 to 70 million Americans deal with some type of sleep disorder. 60% of Americans say they experience a sleep problem every night or almost every night, such as waking in the night, waking up too early, or feeling un-refreshed when they get up in the morning (National Sleep Foundation). Researchers are starting to find out more information about how the human body functions with a lack of sleep and how one can negatively be affected in both school and in the workplace.
If one were to walk down the...

...More Schools Starting Later to Accommodate Sleepy Teens
February 08, 2010 03:40 PM
by findingDulcinea Staff
Research shows that teens' natural sleep cycle is to sleep later in the morning. Some schools are responding by pushing back start times.
Ringing the School Bell Later
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Teens have long felt that the school day starts too early: A 2007 survey of teens in Philadelphia found that most students believed a 7:30 a.m. start time at school prevented them from getting enough sleep. Ninety percent of the students surveyed felt that if school started later, their academic performance would improve. They also said the best time for them to be taking exams would be between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m.
New research seems to substantiate their claims. According to Marissa Cevallos, writing for the San Jose Mercury News, puberty affects sleep cycles. "When teens hit puberty, their internal circadian clocks wind forward 1-3 hours, meaning they need 9 hours of sleep on average, a couple more hours than their younger siblings."
Several schools in California and around the United States and Britain have listened. In the U.S., 19 states have adjusted start times for certain schools to be later in the day, and 17 more states are looking in to the practice. The goal is to help teens get more sleep.
A Minneapolis school district that has made the later start adjustment seems to be seeing the...

...Sleepdeprivation has become a major problem with Americans. Over 100 million Americans today suffer from lack of sleep. This has been an ongoing problem throughout the centuries. People owe their bodies sleep and scientist are calling it a "Sleep debt". An average American owes their body at least thirty hours of sleep. This lack of sleep is as hazardous as drunk driving.
One man caught sleepdeprivation at it's best. He pushed himself to the limits as much as possible. One day he went thirty hours without sleep and was on his way to his parents for supper. On his way to his parents house he stopped on some railroad tracks and stared a train in the face until it hit him. He survived the incident with torn cartilage in his rib. It has been said that had he not had been deprived of the sleep his body needed, his reflexes would have told him that the train was going to hit him.
Cultural belief leads people into thinking that one can not be successful without sleep. This is the main theory that Doctor William Dement bases his study on. Dr. Dement has done marvelous work on REM sleep, sleep apnea and narcolepsy. He is sure that eating and sleeping are in the same category of importance. Eight hours of sleep a night is the minimum of sleep for...