Planned by the same group who planned the 9/11 attacks, and carried out in their wake, the DoHS is a large department which replaced the existing domestic security, disaster planning and management functions of the US government.

The Department of Homeland Security, wrote John Whitehead in 2014, was established to "prevent terrorist attacks within the United States," but "has grown from a post-9/11 knee-jerk reaction to a leviathan with tentacles in every aspect of American life". The article, entitled Has The Department of Homeland Security Become America’s Standing Army? began with the claim that "If the United States is a police state, then the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is its national police force, with all the brutality, ineptitude and corruption such a role implies."[1]

The mission of the Office will be to develop and coordinate the implementation of a comprehensive national strategy to secure the United States from terrorist threats or attacks. The Office will coordinate the executive branch's efforts to detect, prepare for, prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks within the United States.[3]

Ridge began his duties as OHS director on October 8, 2001.

Etymology

In an August 5, 2002 speech, U.S. PresidentGeorge W. Bush stated: "We're fighting...to secure freedom in the homeland".[4] Prior to the creation of DHS, American presidents had referred to the United States as "the nation" or "the republic", and to its internal policies as "domestic".[5] Also unprecedented was the use, from 2002, of the phrase "the homeland" by White House spokespeople.[5] The choice of this phrase, echoing Nazi Germany as it does, has raised questions regarding the self-image of the United States.[6]

Restructuring

Drones

In 2015, the Department of Homeland Security was very active in warning other government agencies of the dangers of drones. CBS News reported the Department of Homeland Security had sent an intelligence assessment to police agencies across the country about drones being used as weapons in an attack.[8][9]

Recent Purchases

X-Ray Scanners

The DHS had paid contractors "millions of dollars on mobile body scanner technology that could be used at railways, stadiums, and elsewhere."[10]

Mine-Resistant Armored Protection (MRAP) vehicles

The DHS has also been criticised for purchasing 2,717 Mine-Resistant Armored Protection (MRAP) vehicles formerly used for counterinsurgency in Iraq.[11][12]

Hollow Point Bullets

The AP reports that the DOHS has already bought 360,000 rounds of hollow point bullets - which cost nearly twice as much as full metal jacket rounds. Hollow point bullets are categorically banned for use in international war by the Geneva Convention since they explode on impact for maximum damage to the individual hit. However, this property of exploding within the individual causes minimum damage to whatever is behind the individual, they are more suitable for use in an urban environment if minimal property damage were a priority. AP reported further that the DHS plans to buy more than 1.6 billion rounds of ammunition (enough for a 24-year Iraq War) over the next four or five years, and bought 1.5 billion rounds in 2012. Many have found these purchases unsettling. DHS officials have denied stockpiling ammunition, but have issued no explanation to the Members of Congress who have repeatedly asked why the DHS would need such large amounts of ammo, noting only that buying ammo in bulk allowed them to save money. Many have drawn the obvious conclusion that the ammunition is part of contingency plans for mass civil unrest, others noting that such huge purchases may also be an effort to “strategically den[y] the American people access to ammunition.”

Mail interception

In 2006, MSNBC reported that Grant Goodman, "an 81-year-old retired University of Kansas history professor, received a letter from his friend in the Philippines that had been opened and resealed with a strip of dark green tape bearing the words “by Border Protection” and carrying the official Homeland Security seal."[13] The letter was sent by a woman with no known terrorist connections.[13] A spokesman for U.S. Customs and Border Protection "acknowledged that the agency can, will and does open mail coming to U.S. citizens that originates from a foreign country whenever it's deemed necessary":

"All mail originating outside the United States Customs territory that is to be delivered inside the U.S. Customs territory is subject to Customs examination," says the CBP Web site. That includes personal correspondence. "All mail means 'all mail,'" said John Mohan, a CBP spokesman, emphasizing the point.[13]

The Department declined to outline what criteria are used to determine when a piece of personal correspondence should be opened or to say how often or in what volume Customs might be opening mail.[13]

Goodman's story provoked outrage in the blogosphere,[14] as well as in the more established media. Reacting to the incident, Mother Jones magazine remarked that "[u]nlike other prying government agencies, Homeland Security wants you to know it is watching you".[15]CNN observed that "[o]n the heels of the NSA wiretapping controversy, Goodman's letter raises more concern over the balance between privacy and security".[16]

Planned by the same group who planned the 9/11 attacks, and carried out in their wake, the DoHS is a large department which replaced the existing domestic security, disaster planning and management functions of the US government. +