The steering of positively charged energetic particles between atomic rows or planes of a crystalline solid. The particles can be positive ions, protons, positrons, or muons. If the angle between the direction of the particle and a particular axis or plane in the crystal is within a small predictable limit (typically a few degrees or less), then the gradually changing electrostatic repulsion between the particle and each successive atomic nucleus of the crystal produces a smooth steering through the crystal lattice (Fig. 1). Thus, the trajectory of the channeled particle is restricted to the open spaces between atomic rows and planes of a crystal (Fig. 2). See also: Crystal structure

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