Master of Arts in Teaching. Lewis and Clark College, Portland, OR. 1981. Bachelor of Arts. Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA. 1973.Montgomery Van WartTypes of LeadersTransformational (Burns, Bass, Bennis and Nanus, Tichy and Devanna)Leaders help innovate and develop change.Inspire trust in people Long-term perspectiveChallenge status quo Help others achieve which allows the organization to achieveCharismatic (Conger and Kanungo, Meindl)Influence of individualsSpecific behaviors that inspire action in individuals Entrepreneurial (Peters and Austin, Champy)Urged leaders to make processes and cultural changes that would improve productivityTransactional: Promotes compliance through rewards and punishments for employees Mainstream Leadership ThemesAdministrative LeadershipDefinition: "Leadership from the frontline supervisor (or even lead working) to the nonpolitical head of the organization". Focus not on elected officals but on elected executives and political designees or legislatively approved individuals. Montgomery Van WartPublic Sector Leadership Theory: An Assessment Importance of Leadership ResearchChallenges for researchReason for neglect of researchGreat man thesis1940s long list of traits held by leadersSituational contextsConsideration of employees Lower levels Transformational leaders The Big Questions of Leadership Literature Does leadership make a difference?