If you’ve been studying the Casanova paper, you’ll notice that we built up Casanova in four steps. At each of these steps, we wrote an algorithm that gets progressively more powerful, efficient, and compliant with our standards of safety, liveness, finality, and...

Casanova has something that is surprisingly uncommon in the modern blockchain world, even among the most popular consensus algorithms: mathematically rigorous proofs that the algorithm is safe and that it can make progress under adverse circumstances. In the academic...

The Casanova paper starts out by describing it as an “optimistic consensus protocol designed for a permissioned blockchain.” The question I most often get from people reading it is, “What does it mean to be optimistic?” There have been a few different articles (here,...

I recently gave a hefty start to building the Rholang semantics using K-Framework. I want to share some insights I gained and the battles I faced. Perhaps this will help someone else along their way. For those unfamiliar with Rholang, it’s a language built for...