In Michigan, more than 500 people lost property in 2016 with no criminal charges

State legislators are getting strong reactions on both sides over a bill to require prosecutors and police to get a conviction before they can keep money and property seized in connection with an alleged crime. Under current law, people can lose their property even if they are never prosecuted.

The House Judiciary Committee is holding a hearing Tuesday to consider House Bill 4158, which may be the first bill in a broader package aimed at reforming Michigan’s civil asset forfeiture law.

Civil asset forfeiture means transferring ownership of assets seized by police – typically, cash and vehicles – from citizens to the government, including the law enforcement agencies that execute the seizures.

In Michigan, a person does not have to be convicted, prosecuted, or even charged for civil asset forfeiture to take place. It is a legal process that happens after police seize property, either as part of an investigation or on suspicions that it may be the ill-gotten gains of an alleged crime.

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For example, in May 2016 the Michigan State Police seized $2,035 from someone during a traffic stop, based on a suspicion that the man had just completed a drug transaction. The police searched his SUV and found no drugs or drug-related materials, but still seized the cash.

During 2016, one out of every 10 Michigan residents whose property was taken by law enforcement using civil asset forfeiture was never charged with a crime. Statewide, more than $15.3 million in cash and other property was forfeited in 2016, according to a Michigan State Police report. Since 2000, the state has retained forfeited property worth $20-$25 million every year.

The bill under consideration this week is sponsored by Shelby Township Republican Peter Lucido, who said that he believes civil asset forfeiture is terrible “optically” and “morally” for law enforcement.

“If you don’t get this passed, if you don’t get the core passed, you don’t have substance to pass the other bills on,” Lucido said. “It’s going to bring a playing field that’s more just and fair for our constituents.”

The bill has some Democratic supporters.

Rep. Adam Zemke, D-Ann Arbor, believes requiring government to obtain a conviction before it keeps the property it has seized protects residents with lower incomes.

“Unfortunately with some this becomes a revenue issue. And I fundamentally believe that the reason you seize property is not to make money, but I don’t want to generalize,” Zemke said. “It disproportionally hits those with low income because they can’t fight these seizures.”

In many cases, the legal expenses of challenging a forfeiture are greater than the value of the seized property.

State law enforcement interests have come out strongly against the legislation. As with past reform proposals, the Michigan State Police has officially come out against the legislation. But according to spokesperson Shanon Banner, the department is willing to work with Lucido. Other law enforcement agencies from across the state are also opposing the bill.

If the measure advances all the way and is signed by Gov. Rick Snyder, Michigan will join 14 states (and the District of Columbia) in requiring a conviction before the government can keep the property of a person who may never have done anything wrong.

As part of our efforts on government transparency, we obtained data on the compensation of most public employees in the state. This information has been used to fact check claims about salaries, verify data from other open records requests, and hold government spending accountable.

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