This monograph by Dr. Benda, as indicated by its title, implies that mongolism and cretinism are endocrine diseases of a similar nature but due to abnormalities of different glands. However, the contributions made by the author and the amount of space assigned in the text definitely show his interest to be primarily devoted to the problems of mongolism. In his preface he states that "the purpose of the book is to rid mongolism of the mystery clouding its proper medical recognition and to publish data... devoted to the study of mental deficiency, during ten years of continuous research." He has studied more than 300 mongoloid patients, many of them over a ten year period, performed fifty necropsies and made intensive studies of measurements, roentgenograms and biochemical and psychologic data. In addition, he has provided much new material on family history and hereditary backgrounds and on the relationship of mongolism to