Tag Archives: FACTS

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the performance and comparative analysis of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) based on 6, 12 and 48-pulse VSC configuration. STATCOM is implemented for regulation of the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) bus which has time-variable loads. The dq decoupled current control strategy is used for implementation of STATCOM, where modulation index M and phase angle ø are varied for achieving voltage regulation at the PCC bus. The 6, 12 and 48-pulse configurations are compared and analyzed on the basis of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and time response parameters such as rise time, maximum overshoot and settling time. The simulation of various configurations of STATCOM is carried out using power system block-set in MATLAB/Simulink platform.

In this paper, for voltage regulation and dynamic power flow control a 48-pulse ±100 MVA two-level GTO STATCOM has been modeled and simulated using decoupled current control strategy. By varying the modulation index (M) and phase angle (ɸ) between PCC bus voltage and STATCOM voltage, voltage regulation at the PCC bus is achieved. The THD and various time response parameters of 6, 12 and 48 pulse STATCOM are compared. The results show that THD of output voltage of 48 pulse STATCOM is less than 5%, which satisfies the IEEE 519 standard. Hence, there is no need of active filter. Also, 48 pulse STATCOM has better transient response as compared to 6, 12 pulse STATCOM.

REFERENCES:

[1] K. Padiyar, FACTS controllers in power transmission and distribution. New Age International, 2007.

Final year projects

Final year projects In this post, we are listing out some good Final Year EEE Projects ideas as many people are searching for this kind of post on internet for many days. So, here we have included various projects in different categories like electrical,FACTs by SVC (flexible ac transmission) , solar, matlab,FACTs (flexible ac transmission) by TSR ,UPFC Unified Power Factor Control etc. I hope these eee projects for final year students would be more helpful for many engineering students in completing their B.Tech successfully.

Nonlinear Control of Single-PhasePWM Rectifiers With InherentCurrent-Limiting Capability

Impact of SFCL on the Four Types of HVDC Circuit Breakers by Simulation

The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is used in power system network for improving the voltage of a particular bus and compensate the reactive power.It can be connected to particular bus as compensating device to improve the voltage profile and reactive power compensation. In this paper, a multi function controller is proposed and discussed. The control concept is based on a linearization of the d-q components with cascaded controller methods. The fundamental parameters are controlled with using of proportional and integral controller. In closed loop method seven level cascaded multilevel converter (CMC) is proposed to ensure the stable operation for damping of power system oscillations and load variation.

KEYWORDS:

FACTS

PWM

CMC

STATCOM

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

TEST SYSTEM:

Figure 1.STATCOM network connection.

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Figure 2. Load terminal dq0 Currents with Load variation

Figure 3. Source terminal dq0 Currents with Load variation.

Figure 4. Iqref output for load rejection.

Figure 5. Source Voltage for load rejection with AGC.

Figure 6. THD of output Voltage of Cascaded Multilevel converter.

Figure 7. THD of output Current of Cascaded Multilevel Converter

Figure 8.Source Active and Reactive power.

Figure 9. Power factor in Load and Source Bus

Figure 10.Three phase Supply Voltage of multilevel converter.

CONCLUSION:

The cascaded controller is designed for seven level CMC based STATCOM. This control scheme regulates the capacitor voltage of the STATCOM and maintain rated supply voltage for any load variation with in the rated value. It has been shown that the CMC is able to reduce the THD values of output voltage and current effectively. The CMC based STATCOM ensures that compensate the reactive power and reduce the harmonics in output of STATCOM.

The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC). The DPFC can be considered as a UPFC with an eliminated common dc link. The active power exchange between the shunt and series converters which is through the common dc link in the UPFC is now through the transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. The DPFC employs the distributed concept, in which the common dc-link between the shunt and series converters are eliminated and three-phase series converter is divided to several single-phase series distributed converters through the line. According to the growth of electricity demand and the increased number of non-linear loads in power grids harmonics, voltage sag and swell are the major power quality problems. DPFC is used to mitigate the voltage deviation and improve power quality. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The presented simulation results validate the DPFC ability to improve the power quality.

KEYWORDS:

Load flow control

FACTS

Power Quality

Harmonics

Sag and Swell Mitigation

Distributed Power Flow Controller

Y–Δ transformer

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig. 1. DPFC configuration

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Fig 2. three phase voltage sag waveform without DPFC

Fig. 3 three phase voltage sag waveform with DPFC

Fig.4 3-ϕ load current swell waveform without DPFC

Fig.5 Mitigation of 3-ϕ load current swell with DPFC

Fig.6 Total harmonic distortion of load voltage without DPFC

.Fig.7 Total harmonic distortion of load voltage with DPFC

CONCLUSION:

This paper has presented a new concept called DPFC. The DPFC emerges from the UPFC and inherits the control capability of the UPFC, which is the simultaneous adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage magnitude. The common dc link between the shunt and series converters, which is used for exchanging active power in the UPFC, is eliminated. This power is now transmitted through the transmission line at the third-harmonic frequency. The series converter of the DPFC employs the DFACTS concept, which uses multiple small single-phase converters instead of one large-size converter. The reliability of the DPFC is greatly increased because of the redundancy of the series converters. The total cost of the DPFC is also much lower than the UPFC, because no high-voltage isolation is required at the series-converter part and the rating of the components of is low. To improve power quality in the power transmission system, the harmonics due to nonlinear loads, voltage sag and swell are mitigated. To simulate the dynamic performance, a three-phase fault is considered near the load. It is shown that the DPFC gives an acceptable performance in power quality improvement and power flow control.

REFERENCES:

[1] S.Masoud Barakati Arash Khoshkbar sadigh and Mokhtarpour.Voltage Sag and Swell Compensation with DVR Based on Asymmetrical Cascade Multicell Converter North American Power Symposium (NAPS),pp.1-7,2011.

According to growth of electricity demand and the increased number of non-linear loads in power grids, providing a high quality electrical power should be considered. In this paper, Enhancement of power quality by using fuzzy based multilevel power flow controller (DPFC) is proposed. The DPFC is a new FACTS device, which its structure is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC). In spite of UPFC, in DPFC the common dc-link between the shunt and series converters is eliminated and three-phase series converter is divided to several single-phase series distributed converters through the line. This eventually enables the DPFC to fully control all power system parameters. It, also, increases the reliability of the device and reduces its cost simultaneously. In recent years multi level inverters are used high power and high voltage applications .Multilevel inverter output voltage produce a staircase output waveform, this waveform look like a sinusoidal waveform leads to reduction in Harmonics. Fuzzy Logic is used for optimal designing of controller parameters. Application of Fuzzy Multilevel DPFC for reduction of Total Harmonic Distortion was presented. The simulation results show the improvement of power quality using DPFC with Fuzzy logic controller.

KEYWORDS:

FACTS

Power Quality

Multi Level Inverters

Fuzzy Logic

Distributed Power Flow Controller component

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig.1: The DPFC Structure.

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Fig.2: 5 Level Voltage Waveform

Fig.3: Three Phase output Voltage and Current Waveform

Fig.4: Supply Voltage and Current Waveform with unity PF

Fig.5: THD without fuzzy

Fig.6: THD with fuzzy

CONCLUSION:

In this paper Fuzzy Logic Controller technique based distributed power flow controller (DPFC) with multilevel voltage source converter (VSC) is proposed. The presented DPFC control system can regulate active and reactive power flow of the transmission line. We are reducing the THD value from 24.84% to 0.41% by using this technic as shown in fig’s (12) & (13).The series converter of the DPFC employs the DFACTS concept, which uses multiple converters instead of one large-size converter. The reliability of the DPFC is greatly increased because of the redundancy of the series converters. The total cost of the DPFC is also much lower than the UPFC, because no high-voltage isolation is required at the series converter part and the rating of the components are low. Also results show the valid improvement in Power Quality using Fuzzy Logic based Multilevel DPFC.

[2] Priyanka Chhabra, “Study of Different Methods for Enhancing Power Quality Problems”, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.3, No.2, pp.403-410, 2013

[3] Bindeshwar Singh, Indresh Yadav and Dilip Kumar, “Mitigation of Power Quality Problems Using FACTS Controllers in an Integrated Power System Environment: A Comprehensive Survey”, International Journal of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-12, 2011

According to growth of electricity demand and the increased number of non-linear loads in power grids, providing a high quality electrical power should be considered. In this paper, voltage sag and swell of the power quality issues are studied and distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is used to mitigate the voltage deviation and improve power quality. The DPFC is a new FACTS device, which its structure is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC). In spite of UPFC, in DPFC the common dc-link between the shunt and series converters is eliminated and three-phase series converter is divided to several single-phase series distributed converters through the line. The case study contains a DPFC sited in a single-machine infinite bus power system including two parallel transmission lines, which simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The presented simulation results validate the DPFC ability to improve the power quality.

KEYWORDS:

FACTS

Power Quality

Sag and Swell Mitigation

Distributed Power Flow Controller

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig.1. The DPFC Structure

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Fig.2. Three-phase load voltage sag waveform.

Fig.3. Mitigation of three-phase load voltage sag with DPFC.

Fig.4. Three-phase load current swell waveform without DPFC

Fig.5. Mitigation of three-phase load current swell with DPFC.

Fig.6. Total harmonic distortion of load voltage without DPFC.

Fig.7. Total harmonic distortion of load voltage with DPFC.

CONCLUSION:

To improve power quality in the power transmission system, there are some effective methods. In this paper, the voltage sag and swell mitigation, using a new FACTS device called distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is presented. The DPFC structure is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC) and has a same control capability to balance the line parameters, i.e., line impedance, transmission angle, and bus voltage magnitude. However, the DPFC offers some advantages, in comparison with UPFC, such as high control capability, high reliability, and low cost. The DPFC is modeled and three control loops, i.e., central controller, series control, and shunt control are design. The system under study is a single machine infinite-bus system, with and without DPFC. To simulate the dynamic performance, a three-phase fault is considered near the load. It is shown that the DPFC gives an acceptable performance in power quality mitigation and power flow control.

The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC). The DPFC can be considered as a UPFC with an eliminated common dc link. The active power exchange between the shunt and series converters which is through the common dc link in the UPFC is now through the transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. The DPFC employs the distributed concept, in which the common dc-link between the shunt and series converters are eliminated and three-phase series converter is divided to several single-phase series distributed converters through the line. According to the growth of electricity demand and the increased number of non-linear loads in power grids harmonics, voltage sag and swell are the major power quality problems. DPFC is used to mitigate the voltage deviation and improve power quality. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The presented simulation results validate the DPFC ability to improve the power quality.

KEYWORDS:

Load flow control

FACTS

Power Quality

Harmonics

Sag and Swell Mitigation

Distributed Power Flow Controller

Y–Δ transformer

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig. 1. DPFC configuration

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Fig 2. three phase voltage sag waveform without DPFC

Fig. 3 three phase voltage sag waveform with DPFC

Fig.4 3-ϕ load current swell waveform without DPFC

Fig.5 Mitigation of 3-ϕ load current swell with DPFC

Fig.6 Total harmonic distortion of load voltage without DPFC

Fig.7 Total harmonic distortion of load voltage with DPFC

CONCLUSION:

This paper has presented a new concept called DPFC. The DPFC emerges from the UPFC and inherits the control capability of the UPFC, which is the simultaneous adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage magnitude. The common dc link between the shunt and series converters, which is used for exchanging active power in the UPFC, is eliminated. This power is now transmitted through the transmission line at the third-harmonic frequency. The series converter of the DPFC employs the DFACTS concept, which uses multiple small single-phase converters instead of one large-size converter. The reliability of the DPFC is greatly increased because of the redundancy of the series converters. The total cost of the DPFC is also much lower than the UPFC, because no high-voltage isolation is required at the series-converter part and the rating of the components of is low. To improve power quality in the power transmission system, the harmonics due to nonlinear loads, voltage sag and swell are mitigated. To simulate the dynamic performance, a three-phase fault is considered near the load. It is shown that the DPFC gives an acceptable performance in power quality improvement and power flow control.

REFERENCES:

[1] S.Masoud Barakati Arash Khoshkbar sadigh and Mokhtarpour.Voltage Sag and Swell Compensation with DVR Based on Asymmetrical Cascade Multicell Converter North American Power Symposium (NAPS),pp.1-7,2011.

According to growth of electricity demand and the increased number of non-linear loads in power grids, providing a high quality electrical power should be considered. In this paper, Enhancement of power quality by using fuzzy based multilevel power flow controller (DPFC) is proposed. The DPFC is a new FACTS device, which its structure is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC). In spite of UPFC, in DPFC the common dc-link between the shunt and series converters is eliminated and three-phase series converter is divided to several single-phase series distributed converters through the line. This eventually enables the DPFC to fully control all power system parameters. It, also, increases the reliability of the device and reduces its cost simultaneously. In recent years multi level inverters are used high power and high voltage applications .Multilevel inverter output voltage produce a staircase output waveform, this waveform look like a sinusoidal waveform leads to reduction in Harmonics. Fuzzy Logic is used for optimal designing of controller parameters. Application of Fuzzy Multilevel DPFC for reduction of Total Harmonic Distortion was presented. The simulation results show the improvement of power quality using DPFC with Fuzzy logic controller.

KEYWORDS:

FACTS

Power Quality

Multi Level Inverters

Fuzzy Logic

Distributed Power Flow Controller component

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig.1: The DPFC Structure.

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Fig.2: 5 Level Voltage Waveform

Fig.3: Three Phase output Voltage and Current Waveform

Fig.4: Supply Voltage and Current Waveform with unity PF

Fig.5: THD without fuzzy

Fig.6: THD with fuzzy

CONCLUSION:

In this paper Fuzzy Logic Controller technique based distributed power flow controller (DPFC) with multilevel voltage source converter (VSC) is proposed. The presented DPFC control system can regulate active and reactive power flow of the transmission line. We are reducing the THD value from 24.84% to 0.41% by using this technic as shown in fig’s (12) & (13).The series converter of the DPFC employs the DFACTS concept, which uses multiple converters instead of one large-size converter. The reliability of the DPFC is greatly increased because of the redundancy of the series converters. The total cost of the DPFC is also much lower than the UPFC, because no high-voltage isolation is required at the series converter part and the rating of the components are low. Also results show the valid improvement in Power Quality using Fuzzy Logic based Multilevel DPFC.

[2] Priyanka Chhabra, “Study of Different Methods for Enhancing Power Quality Problems”, International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.3, No.2, pp.403-410, 2013

[3] Bindeshwar Singh, Indresh Yadav and Dilip Kumar, “Mitigation of Power Quality Problems Using FACTS Controllers in an Integrated Power System Environment: A Comprehensive Survey”, International Journal of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Vol.1, No.1, pp.1-12, 2011

According to growth of electricity demand and the increased number of non-linear loads in power grids, providing a high quality electrical power should be considered. In this paper, voltage sag and swell of the power quality issues are studied and distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is used to mitigate the voltage deviation and improve power quality. The DPFC is a new FACTS device, which its structure is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC). In spite of UPFC, in DPFC the common dc-link between the shunt and series converters is eliminated and three-phase series converter is divided to several single-phase series distributed converters through the line. The case study contains a DPFC sited in a single-machine infinite bus power system including two parallel transmission lines, which simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The presented simulation results validate the DPFC ability to improve the power quality.

KEYWORDS

FACTS

Power Quality

Sag and Swell Mitigation

Distributed Power Flow Controller

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig. 1. The DPFC Structure

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS

Fig. 2. Three-phase load voltage sag waveform

Fig. 3. Mitigation of three-phase load voltage sag with DPFC

Fig. 4. Three-phase load current swell waveform without DPFC

Fig. 5. Mitigation of three-phase load current swell with DPFC

Fig. 6. Total harmonic distortion of load voltage without DPFC

Fig. 7. Total harmonic distortion of load voltage with DPFC

CONCLUSION

To improve power quality in the power transmission system, there are some effective methods. In this paper, the voltage sag and swell mitigation, using a new FACTS device called distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is presented. The DPFC structure is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC) and has a same control capability to balance the line parameters, i.e., line impedance, transmission angle, and bus voltage magnitude. However, the DPFC offers some advantages, in comparison with UPFC, such as high control capability, high reliability, and low cost. The DPFC is modeled and three control loops, i.e., central controller, series control, and shunt control are design. The system under study is a single machine infinite-bus system, with and without DPFC. To simulate the dynamic performance, a three-phase fault is considered near the load. It is shown that the DPFC gives an acceptable performance in power quality mitigation and power flow control.

ABSTRACT:

The Generalized Unified Power Flow Controller (GUPFC) is a Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controller for shunt and series compensation among the multiline transmission systems of a substation. The paper proposes a full model comprising of 60-pulse Gate Turn-Off thyristor VSC that is constructed becomes the GUPFC in digital simulation system and investigates the dynamic operation of control scheme for shunt and two series VSC for active and reactive power compensation and voltage stabilization of the electric grid network. The complete digital simulation of the shunt VSC operating as a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) controlling voltage at bus and two series VSC operating as a Static Synchronous Series Capacitor (SSSC) controlling injected voltage, while keeping injected voltage in quadrature with current within the power system is performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment using the Power System Block set (PSB). The GUPFC, control system scheme and the electric grid network are modeled by specific electric blocks from the power system block set. The controllers for the shunt VSC and two series VSCs are presented in this paper based on the decoupled current control strategy. The performance of GUPFC scheme connected to the 500-kV grid is evaluated. The proposed GUPFC controller scheme is fully validated by digital simulation.

Figure 6. Digital simulation results for the decoupled current controller schemes for the shunt VSC in a weak power system

CONCLUSION:

The paper presents and proposes a novel full 60-pulse GTO voltage source converter that it constructed becomes GUPFC FACTS devices. It comprises the full 60-pulse VSC-cascade models connected to the grid network through the coupling transformer. These full descriptive digital models are validated for voltage stabilization, active and reactive compensation and dynamically power flow control using three decoupled current control strategies. The control strategies implement decoupled current control switching technique to ensure accountability, minimum oscillatory behavior, minimum inherent phase locked loop time delay as well as system instability reduced impact due to a weak interconnected ac system and ensures full dynamic regulation of the bus voltage (VB), the series voltage injected and the dc link voltage Vdc. The 60-pulse VSC generates less harmonic distortion and reduces power quality problems in comparison to other converters such as (6,12,24 and 36) pulse. In the synchronous reference frame, a complete model of a GUPFC has been presented and control circuits for the shunt and two series converters have been described. The simulated results presented confirm that the performance of the proposed GUPFC is satisfactory for active and reactive power flow control and independent shunt reactive compensation.