The hydroxyethyl moiety formed in [34] is immediately transferred to one of the two sulfur atoms (S) of the coenzyme (6,8-dithio-n-octanoate or lipS2) of the second enzyme in the complex, dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (enzyme 2). The hydroxyethyl group attaches to lipS2 at one of its sulfur atoms, as shown in [35]; the result is that coenzyme lipS2 is......

...ordered Hoth to turn around and head toward Stalingrad from the south. By the end of August, the Fourth Army’s northeastward advance against the city was converging with the eastward advance of the Sixth Army, under Gen. Friedrich Paulus, with 330,000 of the German army’s finest troops. The Red Army, however, put up a determined resistance, yielding ground only very slowly and at a high cost to...

...Pond Basin (1976). Jacquette also became interested in nightscapes and produced such works as East River View at Night (1978) and 6th Ave Night, with Traffic II (2008), both of which paired an aerial perspective with her longtime use of New York City as subject matter. Other cities featured in her paintings include San......

...on the River (1950) and The Monongahela (1952). His first really successful novel was 71⁄2 Cents (1953; British title A Gross of Pyjamas), based on his experiences as a supervisor in a pajama factory in Dubuque. In collaboration with George Abbott, he turned......

coordinated suicide bomb attacks on the London transit system on the morning of July 7, 2005. At 8:50 am explosions tore through three trains on the London Underground, killing 39. An hour later 13 people were killed when a bomb detonated on the upper deck of a bus in Tavistock Square. More than 700 people were injured in the four attacks....

Pal’s last film, 7 Faces of Dr. Lao (1964), based on Charles G. Finney’s novel, was a fantasy set in the 19th-century American West. Tony Randall starred in the title role of a magician whose exotic traveling circus is capable of teaching many lessons to those willing to listen. Randall assumed the roles of Pan, Merlin, the Abominable Snowman, a dragon, and sundry other......

...to weather the worldwide economic downturn fairly well in 2012, and in a November 9 report the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development projected that the country would lead the Group of Seven industrialized economies in growth over the next half century. The OECD, which predicted that Canada’s real GDP would average annual growth of 2.2% over the following 50 years,......

coordinated suicide bomb attacks on the London transit system on the morning of July 7, 2005. At 8:50 am explosions tore through three trains on the London Underground, killing 39. An hour later 13 people were killed when a bomb detonated on the upper deck of a bus in Tavistock Square. More than 700 people were injured in the four attacks....

Windaus discovered 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is the chemical precursor of vitamin D, and he showed that it is a steroid. He discovered that it is converted into the vitamin when one of its chemical bonds is broken by the action of sunlight. This explained why exposure to sunlight can prevent vitamin D deficiency (rickets) in humans. Windaus’ research also helped establish the chemistry of the......

retailer that operates more than 60,000 convenience stores, mostly in North America and Asia. The typical outlet is small in size and carries a limited stock of food, drinks, and other high-turnover products but stays open long hours. Although a subsidiary of the Tokyo-based Seven & i Holdings, 7-Eleven is headquartered in Dallas....

...complexity of structure than the monoterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes are commonly encountered. Two arrangements of isoprene units are found in bicyclic sesquiterpenes, the cadalene and the eudalene types, and the carbon skeleton of a sesquiterpene may frequently be determined by heating it with sulfur or selenium to effect dehydrogenation to the corresponding naphthalenic hydrocarbons:....

By 1871 he had become closely associated with a group of rebellious Portuguese intellectuals committed to social and artistic reform and known as the Generation of ’70. Eça de Queirós denounced contemporary Portuguese literature as unoriginal and hypocritical....

...km [92,955,807.3 miles].) In symbols, (m1 + m2) = a3/P2 in units of the Sun’s mass. For example, for the binary system 70 Ophiuchi, P is 87.8 years, and the distance is 5.0 parsecs; thus, a is 22.8 astronomical units, and m1 + m2 = 1.56 solar masses. From a......

...he started the country’s first Christian television station in Portsmouth, Va., eventually building it into the Christian Broadcasting Network. Its mainstay was his talk show, The 700 Club. In 1988 he campaigned unsuccessfully for the Republican presidential nomination. He founded the Christian Coalition, an influential conservative political organization, in 1989......

...61* (2001), about the 1961 race of Roger Maris and Mickey Mantle to beat Babe Ruth’s home run record. In 2004 Crystal made his Broadway debut with 700 Sundays, an autobiographical solo show focusing heavily on his relationship with his father; it won a Tony Award for special theatrical event. He adapted the monologue into a memoir, also......

...propeller-driven airliners from rival firms), but buttressed by sales to the U.S. Air Force in the form of an aerial tanker (the KC-135 Stratotanker), the four-engine plane, designated the 707, went into commercial service in 1958 on a Pan American transatlantic route. The aircraft quickly won over passengers with its shorter flight time and smoother ride and subsequently helped to......

...Video (1992), in which a movie-obsessed teenager commits a murder out of idle curiosity, and 71 Fragmente einer Chronologie des Zufalls (1994; 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance), a fractured mosaic of mundane moments that culminate in an incident of random violence. Although some critics deemed his films mere exercises in......

...Video (1992), in which a movie-obsessed teenager commits a murder out of idle curiosity, and 71 Fragmente einer Chronologie des Zufalls (1994; 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance), a fractured mosaic of mundane moments that culminate in an incident of random violence. Although some critics deemed his films mere exercises in......

...American transatlantic route. The aircraft quickly won over passengers with its shorter flight time and smoother ride and subsequently helped to revolutionize air travel. The 707 was followed by the 727 trijet and 737 twinjet, which entered service in 1964 and 1968, respectively. The 737 was developed into a modern family of planes, and by the end of the 20th century it had become the world’s.....

...A320 jet production from 34 to 36 planes a month by December 2010 in an attempt to reduce its backlog of more than 2,000 orders. Boeing followed suit in June, saying that it would produce 35 of the 737 airliners a month by early 2012, compared with its current pace of 31.5 planes a month. Orders piled up for both aircraft manufacturers during the year, with the newly launched Air Lease Corp.......

...respectively. The 737 was developed into a modern family of planes, and by the end of the 20th century it had become the world’s best-selling commercial aircraft. The high development costs of the 747 “Jumbo Jet,” the world’s first wide-body jetliner, almost forced Boeing into bankruptcy, but, when the 400-seat aircraft went into service in 1970, it allowed airlines to offer......

...call sign has become identified with specific aircraft reserved for use by the president for travel within the United States or abroad. Since 1991 two such aircraft have been in service: identical Boeing 747-200B jumbo jets bearing the tail numbers 28000 and 29000 and the Air Force designation VC-25A....

...transit systems, energy production, and agriculture but later refocused on aerospace. In 1981 the company first flew its twin-engine, wide-body Boeing 767, followed by its twin-engine, single-aisle 757 the next year. By featuring a common flight deck for the two aircraft, pilots who trained and qualified on one plane could also fly the other, thus reducing cost and increasing productivity for.....

...story that she made the first Stars and Stripes and came up with the ring pattern is unsubstantiated. Rows of stars (4-5-4 or 3-2-3-2-3) were common, but many other variations also existed. The new Stars and Stripes formed part of the military colours carried on September 11, 1777, at the Battle of the Brandywine, perhaps its first such use....

...into areas such as marine craft (hydrofoils), transit systems, energy production, and agriculture but later refocused on aerospace. In 1981 the company first flew its twin-engine, wide-body Boeing 767, followed by its twin-engine, single-aisle 757 the next year. By featuring a common flight deck for the two aircraft, pilots who trained and qualified on one plane could also fly the......

volume of verse by American poet John Berryman, published in 1964. It was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 1965 and was later published together with its sequel, His Toy, His Dream, His Rest (1968), as The Dream Songs (1969). The entire sequence of 385 verses, consisting of three six-line stanzas each, is the self-narrated, confessional story of the a...

loose alliance of developing countries established on June 15, 1964. The name of the group derives from the 77 original signatories to the Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries at the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in Geneva. The primary goals of the G-77 are to maintain the independence and sovereignty of all developing ...

...surface reconstruction. The reconstruction of the silicon surface designated (111) has been studied in minute detail. Such a surface reconstructs into an intricate and complex pattern known as the Takayanagi 7 × 7 structure. The position, the chemical reactivity, and the electronic configuration of each atomic site on the 7 × 7 surface has been measured with the STM. The......

...53% carbon composites, and Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner had about 50%: each aircraft had far greater fuel efficiency than older models. While Boeing was transitioning to its next-generation 777X, no deliveries were expected until 2020. Boeing repurposed its 777 as a transitional aircraft, offering customers discounts and agreements to sell 777s for conversion into freighter aircraft......

...International Marine Communication Company, Ltd., was established for the purpose of installing and operating services between ships and land stations. In 1900 also, Marconi filed his now-famous patent No. 7777 for Improvements in Apparatus for Wireless Telegraphy. The patent, based in part on earlier work in wireless telegraphy by Sir Oliver Lodge, enabled several stations to operate on......

Another new structural form in concrete was introduced by Khan in the 174-metre (570-foot) 780 Third Avenue Office Building (1983) in New York City. This is a framed tube with diagonal bracing achieved by filling in diagonal rows of window openings to create exterior bracing members; this is a very efficient system and may lead to yet taller buildings of this type....

Airlines also hoped that new-model aircraft would cut energy costs. Airbus’s new A350 had a body made of roughly 53% carbon composites, and Boeing’s 787 Dreamliner had about 50%: each aircraft had far greater fuel efficiency than older models. While Boeing was transitioning to its next-generation 777X, no deliveries were expected until 2020. Boeing repurposed its 777 as a......

In 1927 he made his breakthrough film, 7th Heaven, a sentimental and beautifully photographed tale of a Parisian sewer worker (played by Charles Farrell) who saves a homeless beauty (Janet Gaynor) from despair. It dominated the first Academy Awards with nominations for best picture, actress, screenplay adaptation, and director of a dramatic picture, winning Oscars in......

...ships around the peninsula to Korea’s east coast. The X Corps (commanded by Maj. Gen. Edward M. Almond) included the 1st Marine Division (Maj. Gen. Oliver P. [“O.P.”] Smith), the 7th Infantry Division (Maj. Gen. David G. Barr), and the 3rd Infantry Division (Maj. Gen. Robert H. Soule). The corps also had control of the Capital and 3rd divisions of the South Korean I Corps,......

As the 1st Marine Division advanced, Peng ordered the uncommitted Ninth Army Group (commanded by General Song Shilun) to leave Manchuria and destroy it. Song’s army group (12 divisions in 3 armies) numbered 150,000 soldiers—mostly infantry with mortars and machine guns but not much artillery, since the Chinese lacked guns, shells, and trucks and feared UNC air strikes on road-bound......

...built around his creations. Eventually his role at Marvel became that of chairman emeritus. Lee’s new firm did well with its first project, an animated online series called 7th Portal, which featured aliens who enter Earth through a “7th portal”—the Internet. After this initial success, however, the company was beset by a number of lawsuits and......

Otto e mezzo (1963; 8 12) is among Fellini’s most widely praised films and earned the director his third Oscar for best foreign film. Entitled 8 12 for the number of films Fellini had made by that time (seven features and two shorts), it shows a famous......

...disturbing drama, which was directed by Michael Haneke, earned Huppert her second best actress award at Cannes. She turned to comedy with 8 femmes (2002; 8 Women), about a group of women (played by Catherine Deneuve, Emmanuelle Béart, and Fanny Ardant, among others) who investigate a murder....

intergovernmental organization that originated in 1975 through informal summit meetings of the leaders of the world’s leading industrialized countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, France, West Germany, Italy, Canada, and Japan). Canada did not attend the i...

...for the drama surrounding her divorce from actor Alec Baldwin than for her film appearances. Her later roles included the troubled mother of the protagonist in the Eminem vehicle 8 Mile (2002), a kidnap victim in the thriller Cellular (2004), and the love interest of an aging boxer in Grudge Match (2013)....

...disturbing drama, which was directed by Michael Haneke, earned Huppert her second best actress award at Cannes. She turned to comedy with 8 femmes (2002; 8 Women), about a group of women (played by Catherine Deneuve, Emmanuelle Béart, and Fanny Ardant, among others) who investigate a murder....

...and the directive effects are pH-dependent. In alkaline media, coupling is directed by the −OH groups, whereas −NH2 groups direct in weakly acidic media. H-acid (8-amino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid) has both functional groups and can be selectively coupled to two diazo components in a two-step process. C.I. Acid Black 1 is formed by coupling first......

star with apparent magnitude of 4.01. Alcor makes a visual double with the brighter star Mizar in the middle of the handle of the Big Dipper (Ursa Major). The two are 1.2 light-years apart and may be gravitationally bound to each other. Alcor itself is orbited by a faint red companion ...

Coe studied economics and social history at Loughborough University and won his first major race in 1977, an 800-metre event at the European indoor championships in San Sebastián, Spain. He first ran against Ovett in Prague in 1978 in an 800-metre race that neither won. The next year in Oslo, Norway, Coe set his first world records, in 800-metre and one-mile races. At the 1980 Olympic......

...(2007), produced the hit singles Good Life and Stronger and garnered him four more Grammy Awards. In 2008 West released 808s and Heartbreak, an album that dwelled on feelings of personal loss and regret. Its sound differed radically from his previous releases, as West chose to sing (with the assistance of a......

The creation in 2002 of Eggers’s nonprofit organization 826 Valencia, based in San Francisco, was a further foray into literary advocacy. It was a volunteer-based writing laboratory devoted to developing kids’ creativity and love of books through programs that included free tutoring and writing workshops. Soon after, branches of 826 Valencia opened in other major cities, including Chicago,......

the dominant operating system for the personal computer (PC) throughout the 1980s. The acquisition and marketing of MS-DOS were pivotal in the Microsoft Corporation’s transition to software industry giant....

Usher’s third studio album, 8701 (2001), further cemented his reputation as a smooth, seductive, and bankable artist. Music from 8701 gave Usher two number-one pop hits, U Remind Me and U Got It Bad, and his first two Grammy Awards. On his fourth album, ......

Starting in the late 1980s with Edgar Whisenant’s 88 Reasons Why the Rapture Will Happen in 1988 (significantly, 40 years after the creation of the State of Israel), the premillennial dispensationalism became increasingly prominent in the United States and Latin America. Led by such figures as Pat Robertson, Oral Roberts, and Hal Lindsey, premillennial......

...machine gun, a small howitzer (artillery piece), an antiaircraft gun, rockets, or even a flame thrower, and they might also be used as radio and command cars or as ambulances. A typical type was the 8t SdKfz personnel carrier, which weighed almost 12 tons, could carry 12 soldiers, and had a top speed of 50 km (31 miles) per hour....

In contrast to 8, the number 9 often represents pain or sadness. The 16th-century Catholic theologian Peter Bungus pointed out that the Ninth Psalm predicts the coming of the Antichrist. In Islamic cosmology the universe is made from nine spheres—the traditional eight of Ptolemy, plus a ninth added by the Arab astronomer Thābit ibn Qurrah about 900 ce to explain the precession of......

...praise for her role in Robert Altman’s Fool for Love (1985; based on a play by Sam Shepard). Basinger costarred with Mickey Rourke in the controversial and explicitly sexual 9 12 Weeks (1986). She costarred with Richard Gere in the thriller No Mercy (1986), with Bruce Willis in Blake......

series of airline hijackings and suicide attacks committed by 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda against targets in the United States, the deadliest terrorist attacks on American soil in U.S. history. The attacks against New York City and Washington, D.C....

Bridges next wrote and directed 9/30/55 (1978; also known as September 30, 1955), a dramatization of a fan (Richard Thomas) struggling to come to grips with the death of idol James Dean in 1955. However, it was the suspenseful The China Syndrome (1979) that became Bridges’s first breakout hit. Jane Fonda played a......

In 1996 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed met bin Laden in Tora Bora, Afghanistan. The 9-11 Commission (formally the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States), set up in 2002 by Pres. George W. Bush and the U.S. Congress to investigate the attacks of 2001, explained that it was then that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed “presented a proposal for an operation that would involve training......

The odour of the sex attractant of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), 9-oxodecenoic acid, stimulates the olfactory receptors of the drones (males). Secreted by the queen bee in the hive, the pheromone inhibits the development of the ovaries of the worker bees (sterile females) but is entirely effective only when it acts in conjunction with another inhibitory pheromone, 9-hydroxydecenoic......

...traditional poetry, later adopted the antitraditional, anarchic literary doctrine of the Futurists, and ultimately developed his own point of view, which he expressed particularly in his review 900 (founded 1926). European in outlook (one foreign editor was James Joyce), 900 sought a middle ground between the extremes of traditionalism and the literary avant-garde....

prolonged siege (September 8, 1941–January 27, 1944) of the city of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) in the Soviet Union by German and Finnish armed forces during World War II. The siege actually lasted 872 days....

the most important quinone derivative of anthracene and the parent substance of a large class of dyes and pigments. It is prepared commercially by oxidation of anthracene or condensation of benzene and phthalic anhydride, followed by dehydration of the condensation product....

...is considered by some to be a defunct comet—one that has lost its volatile materials and no longer displays the classic cometary features of a nebulous coma and a tail. Another asteroid, (944) Hidalgo, is also thought by some to be a defunct comet because of its unusual orbit. That object, discovered in 1920, travels sunward as near as 2.02 AU, which is at the inner edge of the main......

in Spain, the novelists, poets, essayists, and thinkers active at the time of the Spanish-American War (1898), who reinvigorated Spanish letters and restored Spain to a position of intellectual and literary prominence that it had not held for centuries....

...expensive photograph ever sold at auction; German photographer Andreas Gursky established a new record for the highest price paid for a contemporary photograph at auction when his large-scale 99 Cent (1999) garnered $2,256,000 at Sotheby’s. Influential midcareer artist John Baldessari set a personal auction record when his five-panel acrylic on colour coupler print arrangement......

...after nearly being framed for an armed robbery. The film was known particularly for its brutality, and it later developed a cult following. Payne also starred in the violent 99 River Street (1953), this time portraying a former prizefighter who becomes the prime suspect in his wife’s murder. Karlson briefly took a break from noirs to make the western ......

In January 1941 the War Department formed the all-black 99th Pursuit Squadron of the U.S. Army Air Corps (later the U.S. Army Air Forces), to be trained using single-engine planes at the segregated Tuskegee Army Air Field at Tuskegee, Alabama. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the black press, and others had been lobbying hard for the government to allow......

...new generation of Soviet SAM systems entered service in the 1980s. These included the SA-10 Grumble, a Mach-6 mobile system with a 60-mile range deployed in both strategic and tactical versions; the SA-11 Gadfly, a Mach-3 semiactive radar homing system with a range of 17 miles; the SA-12 Gladiator, a track-mobile replacement of Ganef; the SA-13 Gopher, a replacement for Gaskin; and the SA-14, a...

The group had its origins in 9to5 News, a newsletter that was first published in December 1972. About a year later, the newsletter’s publishers announced the formation of Boston 9to5, a grassroots collective for women office workers that addressed issues such as low pay and lack of opportunities for advancement. One of the organization’s earliest victories included a......