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href=\u0022https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/sites\/default\/files\/advagg_css\/css__GkPSKUkdJ2bzIT9BLdob0bbh88SFHg9JxcNgbdHlbDc__qYTxeL-KKGqFiuvt1Pd7tJWAZkcDxAZN7jCKDHxZcE0__b2e6faiQ_UWIrIhhy-1_GBi9M1f1xMsmWzx8NA2PKwk.css\u0022 media=\u0022all\u0022 \/\u003E\n\u003Clink rel=\u0027stylesheet\u0027 type=\u0027text\/css\u0027 href=\u0027\/sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css\u0027 \/\u003E\u003C\/head\u003E\u003Cbody\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panels-ajax-tab-panel panels-ajax-tab-panel-jnl-bmj-tab-art\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-display panel-1col clearfix\u0022 \u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-panel panel-col\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022panel-pane pane-highwire-markup\u0022 \u003E\n \n \n \n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022pane-content\u0022\u003E\n \u003Cdiv class=\u0022highwire-markup\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv xmlns=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022 id=\u0022content-block-markup\u0022 data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance=\u0022highwire_reflinks_tooltip\u0022 xmlns:xhtml=\u0022http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xhtml\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022article fulltext-view\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-start\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022contributors\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022contributor-list\u0022 id=\u0022contrib-group-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022contributor\u0022 id=\u0022contrib-1\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022name\u0022\u003EGunther Eysenbach\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022contrib-role\u0022\u003E, senior researcher\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022contrib-email\u0022\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-link\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022em-addr\u0022\u003Eey{at}yi.com\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E)\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-aff-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-aff\u0022 href=\u0022#aff-1\u0022\u003Ea\u003C\/a\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022last\u0022 id=\u0022contrib-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022name\u0022\u003EJames E Till\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022contrib-role\u0022\u003E, professor emeritus\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-aff-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-aff\u0022 href=\u0022#aff-2\u0022\u003Eb\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022affiliation-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022aff\u0022\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022aff-1\u0022 name=\u0022aff-1\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Caddress\u003E\u003Csup\u003Ea\u003C\/sup\u003E Unit for Cybermedicine and eHealth, Department of Clinical Social Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Str 58, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany\u003C\/address\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022aff\u0022\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022aff-2\u0022 name=\u0022aff-2\u0022\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Caddress\u003E\u003Csup\u003Eb\u003C\/sup\u003E Joint Center for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada\u003C\/address\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022corresp-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022corresp\u0022 id=\u0022corresp-1\u0022\u003ECorrespondence to: G Eysenbach\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Cul class=\u0022history-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli xmlns:hwp=\u0022http:\/\/schema.highwire.org\/Journal\u0022 class=\u0022accepted\u0022 hwp:start=\u00222001-10-04\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022accepted-label\u0022\u003EAccepted \u003C\/span\u003E4 October 2001\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cp id=\u0022p-1\u0022\u003EThe internet is the most comprehensive electronic archive of written material representing our world and peoples\u0027 opinions, concerns, and desires. Physicians who surf the internet for the first time are often stunned by what they learn on websites set up by lay people or patient self support communities. Material on these venues can be a rich source for researchers interested in understanding the experiences and views of people and patients. Qualitative analysis of material published and communicated on the internet can serve to systematise and codify needs, values, concerns, and preferences of consumers and professionals relevant to health and health care. While the internet makes people\u0027s interactions uniquely accessible for researchers and erases boundaries of time and distance, such research raises new issues in research ethics, particularly concerning informed consent and privacy of research subjects, as the borders between public and private spaces are sometimes blurred.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022boxed-text\u0022 id=\u0022boxed-text-1\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-1\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch4\u003ESummary points\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-2\u0022\u003EInternet communities (such as mailing lists, chat rooms, newsgroups, or discussion boards on websites) are rich sources of qualitative data for health researchers\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-3\u0022\u003EQualitative analysis of internet postings may help to systematise and codify needs, values, and preferences of consumers and professionals relevant to health and health care\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-4\u0022\u003EInternet based research raises several ethical questions, especially pertaining to privacy and informed consent\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-5\u0022\u003EResearchers and institutional review boards must primarily consider whether research is intrusive and has potential for harm, whether the venue is perceived as \u201cprivate\u201d or \u201cpublic\u201d space, how confidentiality can be protected, and whether and how informed consent should be obtained\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-2\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003EInternet communities\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-6\u0022\u003EInternet communities provide a way for a group of peers to communicate with each other. They include discussion boards on websites, mailing lists, chat rooms, or newsgroups. Examples of health related mailing lists can easily be found by inserting a key word such as \u201ccancer\u201d in the search box at the Topica website (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.topica.com\/\u0022\u003Ewww.topica.com\/\u003C\/a\u003E). One example is the Breast Cancer Mailing List, based at Memorial University in Newfoundland (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.bclist.org\/\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.bclist.org\/\u003C\/a\u003E), which provides a forum for those seeking peer support and information, with an emphasis on information on treatment and disease, practical information (such as relevant online resources), personal experiences, and emotional support.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-3\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003EQualitative research on the internet\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-7\u0022\u003EQualitative research seeks \u201cto acknowledge the existence of and study the interplay of multiple views and voices\u2014including, importantly, lay voices.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-1\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/a\u003E Internet postings are accessible for qualitative research of these voices\u2014for example, to determine information needs and preferences of consumers or to investigate how health related information can best be converted into knowledge and disseminated widely.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-2-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-2\u0022\u003E2\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-8\u0022\u003EThree different types of internet based research methods can be distinguished.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-3-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-3\u0022\u003E3\u003C\/a\u003E One is passive analysis, such as studies of information patterns on websites or interactions on discussion groups without the researchers actually involving themselves. Examples include the study of helping mechanisms and content of online self help groups for colorectal cancer,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-4-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-4\u0022\u003E4\u003C\/a\u003E breast cancer,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-5-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-5\u0022\u003E5\u003C\/a\u003E Alzheimer\u0027s disease,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-6-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-6\u0022\u003E6\u003C\/a\u003E and eating disorders.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-7-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-7\u0022\u003E7\u003C\/a\u003E The second type of online research is through active analysis, in which researchers participate in communications\u2014for example, to determine the accuracy of responses to healthcare questions on the Usenet.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-8-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-8\u0022\u003E8\u003C\/a\u003E In the third type researchers identify themselves as such and gather information in the form of online semistructured interviews, online focus groups, or internet based surveys or use the internet to recruit participants for \u201ctraditional\u201d research.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-4\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003EInternet communities\u0027 members do not expect to be research subjects\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-9\u0022\u003EThere is increasing evidence that researchers posting or \u201clurking\u201d on such communities may be perceived as intruders and may damage the communities. King quotes a group member who, realising that the community had been monitored by a researcher, retreated from a mailing list with the remark: \u201cWhen I joined this, I thought it would be a support group, not a fishbowl for a bunch of guinea pigs. I certainly don\u0027t feel at this point that it is a safe environment, as a support group is supposed to be, and I will not open myself up to be dissected by students or scientists.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-9-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-9\u0022\u003E9\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-10\u0022\u003EOne subscriber to the Breast Cancer Mailing List responded to one of the frequent requests from researchers interested in obtaining insights into patients\u0027 personal experiences with breast cancer: \u201cWhy can\u0027t researchers do it the \u2018hard way\u2019 as they used to \u2026 and leave us alone on the Breast-Cancer list?\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-10-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-10\u0022\u003E10\u003C\/a\u003E Sharf reported that among 14 people from a mailing list contacted to obtain informed consent, one woman was \u201csomewhat hostile, assuming that [the researcher] had behaved voyeuristically, taking advantages of people in distress\u201d and that \u201cthe idea of using the conversations as data had not occurred to many members.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-11-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-11\u0022\u003E11\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-11\u0022\u003EWe searched the Dejanews archive (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/groups.google.com\/\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/groups.google.com\/\u003C\/a\u003E) to find comments of newsgroup participants responding to researchers\u0027 requests. Entering the search terms \u201cresearch survey project health\u201d identified 85 messages from researchers. By following the message threads, we could find newsgroup participants\u0027 reactions, which were often negative. Among the concerns expressed was that often \u201cthe researcher isn\u0027t familiar with newsgroup culture\u2014problems akin to those occasionally experienced by anthropologists when they try to interpret the behaviour of cultures they really don\u0027t understand. And on the rare occasions when I\u0027ve seen someone who\u0027s part of that culture attempt to study the group he\/she is part of, it resulted in a rippling sense of resentment and betrayal among those who find such things underhanded.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-5\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003EPublic spaces or private rooms?\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-12\u0022\u003EInformed consent, privacy, and confidentiality are basic ethical tenets of scientific research on people.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-12-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-12\u0022\u003E12\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Csup\u003E\u2013\u003C\/sup\u003E\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-14-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-14\u0022\u003E14\u003C\/a\u003E To determine whether informed consent is required, you first have to decide whether postings on an internet community are \u201cprivate\u201d or \u201cpublic\u201d communications. This distinction is important because informed consent is required \u201cwhen behaviour of research participants occurs in a private context where an individual can reasonably expect that no observation or reporting is taking place.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-15-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-15\u0022\u003E15\u003C\/a\u003E On the other hand, researchers \u201cmay conduct research in public places or use publicly available information about individuals (such as naturalistic observations in public places and analysis of public records or archival research) without obtaining consent,\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-15-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-15\u0022\u003E15\u003C\/a\u003E and \u201cresearch involving observation of participants in, for example, political rallies, demonstrations or public meetings should not require Research Ethics Board review since it can be expected that the participants are seeking public visibility.\u201d\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-16-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-16\u0022\u003E16\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-13\u0022\u003EAlthough publication on the internet may have parallels to publishing a letter in a newspaper or saying something in a public meeting, there are important psychological differences, and people participating in an online discussion group cannot always be assumed to be \u201cseeking public visibility.\u201d On the internet the dichotomy of private and public sometimes may not be appropriate, and communities may lie in between.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-14\u0022\u003ESeveral measures can be used to estimate the perceived level of privacy. Firstly, if a subscription or some form of registration is required to gain access to a discussion group then most of the subscribers are likely to regard the group as a \u201cprivate place\u201d in cyberspace.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-17-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-17\u0022\u003E17\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-15\u0022\u003ESecondly, the number of (real or assumed) users of a community determines how \u201cpublic\u201d the space is perceived to be: a posting to a mailing list with 10 subscribers is different from a posting to a mailing list with 100 or 1000 subscribers. However, as messages sent to mailing lists are sometimes also stored in web accessible archives, the actual number of people accessing messages may be greater than assumed and may be impossible to determine.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-16\u0022\u003EThirdly, and perhaps most importantly, the perception of privacy depends on an individual group\u0027s norms and codes, target audience, and aim, often laid down in the \u201cfrequently asked questions\u201d or information files of an internet community. For example, SickKids is a discussion list for children who are ill. The information file about the mailing list states that \u201cadults will NOT be permitted to participate on this list as its purpose is to provide kids with their own personal place to share.\u201d It seems clear that children who send messages to this list are unlikely to be \u201cseeking public visibility.\u201d Similarly, a virtual self support group of sexual abuse survivors was reported to have a group policy explicitly discouraging interested professionals who were not sexual abuse survivors from joining the group,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-9-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-9\u0022\u003E9\u003C\/a\u003E yet a decision was made to analyse postings without obtaining prior or retrospective consent from the group members.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-18-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-18\u0022\u003E18\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-6\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003ECan informed consent be waived?\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-17\u0022\u003EIf it is thought that a community may be perceived to be private, the next question is whether informed consent for passively analysing the postings is needed or whether this requirement can be waived. In clinical studies non-intrusive research such as retrospective use of existing medical records may be conducted ethically without the express consent of the individual subjects if the material is anonymised at the earliest possible stage, if there is no inconvenience or hazard to the subjects, and if the institutional review board has reviewed and agreed the research protocol.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-19-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-19\u0022\u003E19\u003C\/a\u003E Similar considerations may be applied to passive analysis of messages on mailing lists. When considering potential hazards to group participants or the community as a whole, privacy issues are especially important, and it should be considered whether publication of the results (especially when mentioning the group name) may negatively affect group members or harm the community as a whole. Much will depend on what data will be collected and how they will be reported, how vulnerable the community or sensitive the topic is, and the degree to which the researcher interacts with group members.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-7\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003EHow can informed consent be obtained?\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-18\u0022\u003EIf a researcher and the institutional review board feel that obtaining informed consent is necessary, how should it be obtained? For mailing lists, there are basically two possibilities. The first is to send an email to the mailing list describing the research prospectively and giving participants the opportunity to withdraw from the list. The second is to ask retrospectively each person whose postings have been or will be used, giving them the possibility to withdraw themselves from the analysis.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-19\u0022\u003EThe first approach is intrusive and can be done only for those mailing lists or chat rooms where the entry of new members can be monitored, so that they can be briefed on the ongoing research. There is also a considerable danger that announcing the research may influence future communication patterns or provoke many members to opt out (which may damage the community). The second approach is much less intrusive, can ensure that researchers correctly interpret statements of participants, and may even avoid false stories of personal illness being analysed.\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-20-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-20\u0022\u003E20\u003C\/a\u003E However, this approach is cumbersome and time consuming,\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-ref-11-2\u0022 class=\u0022xref-bibr\u0022 href=\u0022#ref-11\u0022\u003E11\u003C\/a\u003E especially as email addresses may be no longer valid and many participants may not respond.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-20\u0022\u003EObtaining permission from the \u201clist owner\u201d (the individual responsible for maintaining the mailing list) or moderator (if any) is rarely an adequate way for a researcher to obtain \u201ccommunity consent,\u201d as neither can properly claim to speak for all of the participants in a mailing list. However, they may know the online community better than the researcher, so they can be a useful starting point to find out what the group norms are and what would be the best way of obtaining informed consent from group members.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-8\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003EPrivacy and confidentiality\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-21\u0022\u003EThe internet holds various pitfalls for researchers, who can easily and unintentionally violate the privacy of individuals. For example, by quoting the exact words of a newsgroup participant, a researcher may breach the participant\u0027s confidentiality even if the researcher removes any personal information. This is because powerful search engines such as Google can index newsgroups (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/groups.google.com\/\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/groups.google.com\/\u003C\/a\u003E), so that the original message, including the email address of the sender, could be retrieved by anybody using the direct quote as a query. Participants should therefore always be approached to give their explicit consent to be quoted verbatim and should be made aware that their email address might be identifiable. Another reason why researchers should contact individuals before quoting them is that the author of the posting may not be seeking privacy but publicity, so that extensive quotes without attribution may be considered a misuse of another person\u0027s intellectual property.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section\u0022 id=\u0022sec-9\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch2\u003EConclusions\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-22\u0022\u003EThe main problem with using internet communities for research is that researchers may have difficulty separating spaces regarded as private from spaces regarded as public. We recommend that researchers and institutional review boards should carefully consider these points when developing and reviewing research protocols and should involve members of the group they want to study in these considerations (see box). Our examples show how complex such considerations may be, being further compounded by our lack of knowledge about the psychological aspects of cyberspace, the risks and benefits of internet based research, and the technical complexities involved. Best practice guidelines for internet research and compilations of case studies, from the perspective of both researchers and internet communities, are needed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022boxed-text\u0022 id=\u0022boxed-text-2\u0022\u003E\n\u003Cdiv id=\u0022sec-10\u0022 class=\u0022subsection\u0022\u003E\n\u003Ch4\u003EProposed considerations for researchers and institutional review boards before studying an internet community\u003Ca id=\u0022xref-fn-1-1\u0022 class=\u0022xref-fn\u0022 href=\u0022#fn-1\u0022\u003E*\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-23\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIntrusiveness\u003C\/em\u003E\u2014Discuss to what degree the research conducted is intrusive (\u201cpassive\u201d analysis of internet postings versus active involvement in the community by participating in communications)\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-24\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPerceived privacy\u003C\/em\u003E\u2014Discuss (preferably in consultation with members of the community) the level of perceived privacy of the community (Is it a closed group requiring registration? What is the membership size? What are the group norms?)\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-25\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EVulnerability\u003C\/em\u003E\u2014Discuss how vulnerable the community is: for example, a mailing list for victims of sexual abuse or AIDS patients will be a highly vulnerable community\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-26\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPotential harm\u003C\/em\u003E\u2014As a result of the above considerations, discuss whether the intrusion of the researcher or publication of results has the potential to harm individuals or the community as a whole\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-27\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EInformed consent\u003C\/em\u003E\u2014Discuss whether informed consent is required or can be waived (If it is required how will it be obtained?)\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-28\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EConfidentiality\u003C\/em\u003E\u2014How can the anonymity of participants be protected (if verbatim quotes are given originators can be identified easily using search engines, thus informed consent is always required)\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-29\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003EIntellectual property rights\u003C\/em\u003E\u2014In some cases, participants may not seek anonymity, but publicity, so that use of postings without attribution may not be appropriate\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section ack\u0022 id=\u0022ack-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EAcknowledgments\u003C\/h2\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-31\u0022\u003EAll authors of the quotes from newsgroups and mailing lists have given their consent to quote them.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-32\u0022\u003EContributors: Both authors contributed equally to this manuscript.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section fn-group\u0022 id=\u0022fn-group-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EFootnotes\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-financial-disclosure\u0022 id=\u0022fn-2\u0022\u003E\n\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-33\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003EFunding\u003C\/span\u003E JET\u0027s contributions were partially supported by an award from the National Cancer Institute of Canada.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli class=\u0022fn-conflict\u0022 id=\u0022fn-3\u0022\u003E\n\n\u003Cp id=\u0022p-34\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022fn-label\u0022\u003ECompeting interests\u003C\/span\u003E None declared.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022section ref-list\u0022 id=\u0022ref-list-1\u0022\u003E\u003Ch2\u003EReferences\u003C\/h2\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-list ref-use-labels\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E1.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-1-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 1. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-1\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.1\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1046\/j.1365-2753.2000.00213.x\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EBarbour\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ERS\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EThe role of qualitative research in broadening the \u2018evidence base\u2019 for clinical practice.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EJ Eval Clin Pract\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2000\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E6\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E155\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E163\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bevaluation%2Bin%2Bclinical%2Bpractice%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BEval%2BClin%2BPract%26rft.aulast%253DBarbour%26rft.auinit1%253DR.%2BS.%26rft.volume%253D6%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D155%26rft.epage%253D163%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2Brole%2Bof%2Bqualitative%2Bresearch%2Bin%2Bbroadening%2Bthe%2B%2527evidence%2Bbase%2527%2Bfor%2Bclinical%2Bpractice.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1046%252Fj.1365-2753.2000.00213.x%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10970009%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1046\/j.1365-2753.2000.00213.x\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10970009\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbmj%2F323%2F7321%2F1103.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=000088579100009\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E2.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-2-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 2. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-2\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.2\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1136\/bmj.320.7251.1713\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EEysenbach\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EG\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EConsumer health informatics.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EBMJ\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2000\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E320\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1713\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1716\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBMJ%26rft.stitle%253DBMJ%26rft.issn%253D0007-1447%26rft.aulast%253DEysenbach%26rft.auinit1%253DG.%26rft.volume%253D320%26rft.issue%253D7251%26rft.spage%253D1713%26rft.epage%253D1716%26rft.atitle%253DRecent%2Badvances%253A%2BConsumer%2Bhealth%2Binformatics%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fbmj.320.7251.1713%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10864552%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiRlVMTCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MzoiYm1qIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEzOiIzMjAvNzI1MS8xNzEzIjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjM6Ii9ibWovMzIzLzczMjEvMTEwMy5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E3.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-3-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 3. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-3\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-book\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.3\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-ed-list duplicate\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-ed\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EMcKenzie\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EB\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EEysenbach\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EG\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EWyatt\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJC\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EFacilitating research via the internet.\u003C\/span\u003E In: \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-ed\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EMcKenzie\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EB\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E ed.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EInternet and medicine\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-loc\u0022\u003EOxford\u003C\/span\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-name\u0022\u003EOxford University Press\u003C\/span\u003E (in press).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E4.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-4-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 4. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-4\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.4\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EKlemm\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EP\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EReppert\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EK\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EVisich\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EL\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EA nontraditional cancer support group. The internet.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EComput Nurs\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1998\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E16\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E31\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E36\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DComputers%2Bin%2Bnursing%26rft.stitle%253DComput%2BNurs%26rft.aulast%253DKlemm%26rft.auinit1%253DP.%26rft.volume%253D16%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D31%26rft.epage%253D36%26rft.atitle%253DA%2Bnontraditional%2Bcancer%2Bsupport%2Bgroup.%2BThe%2BInternet.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9454992%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=9454992\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbmj%2F323%2F7321%2F1103.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E5.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-5-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 5. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-5\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.5\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1300\/J013v26n01_05\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESharf\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EBF\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003ECommunicating breast cancer on-line: support and empowerment on the internet.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EWomen Health\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1997\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E26\u003C\/span\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-issue\u0022\u003E1\u003C\/span\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E65\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E84\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DWomen%2B%2526%2Bhealth%26rft.stitle%253DWomen%2BHealth%26rft.aulast%253DSharf%26rft.auinit1%253DB.%2BF.%26rft.volume%253D26%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D65%26rft.epage%253D84%26rft.atitle%253DCommunicating%2Bbreast%2Bcancer%2Bon-line%253A%2Bsupport%2Band%2Bempowerment%2Bon%2Bthe%2BInternet.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1300%252FJ013v26n01_05%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9311100%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1300\/J013v26n01_05\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=9311100\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbmj%2F323%2F7321%2F1103.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=A1997XZ02500005\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E6.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-6-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 6. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-6\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.6\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EWhite\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EMH\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EDorman\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ESM\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EOnline support for caregivers. Analysis of an internet Alzheimer mailgroup.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EComput Nurs\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E2000\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E18\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E168\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E176\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DComputers%2Bin%2Bnursing%26rft.stitle%253DComput%2BNurs%26rft.aulast%253DWhite%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%2BH.%26rft.volume%253D18%26rft.issue%253D4%26rft.spage%253D168%26rft.epage%253D176%26rft.atitle%253DOnline%2Bsupport%2Bfor%2Bcaregivers.%2BAnalysis%2Bof%2Ban%2BInternet%2BAlzheimer%2Bmailgroup.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10939186%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10939186\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbmj%2F323%2F7321%2F1103.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=000165314000007\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E7.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-7-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 7. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-7\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.7\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1016\/S0747-5632(97)00016-2\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EWinzelberg\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EAJ\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EThe analysis of an electronic support group for individuals with eating disorders.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EComput Human Behav\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1997\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E13\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E393\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E407\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DComput%2BHuman%2BBehav%26rft.volume%253D13%26rft.spage%253D393%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS0747-5632%252897%252900016-2%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1016\/S0747-5632(97)00016-2\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=A1997XD91900007\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E8.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-8-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 8. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-8\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.8\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESeaboldt\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EKuiper\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ER\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EComparison of information obtained from a Usenet newsgroup and from drug information centers.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EAm J Health Syst Pharm\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1997\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E54\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E1732\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E1735\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAmerican%2BJournal%2Bof%2BHealth-System%2BPharmacy%26rft.stitle%253DAm%2BJ%2BHealth%2BSyst%2BPharm%26rft.issn%253D0002-9289%26rft.aulast%253DSeaboldt%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%26rft.volume%253D54%26rft.issue%253D15%26rft.spage%253D1732%26rft.epage%253D1735%26rft.atitle%253DComparison%2Bof%2Binformation%2Bobtained%2Bfrom%2Ba%2BUsenet%2Bnewsgroup%2Band%2Bfrom%2Bdrug%2Binformation%2Bcenters%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F9262746%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpocCI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czoxMDoiNTQvMTUvMTczMiI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjIzOiIvYm1qLzMyMy83MzIxLzExMDMuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-abstract\u0022\u003EAbstract\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep\u0022\u003E\/\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E9.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-9-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 9. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-9\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.9\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EKing\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ESA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EResearching internet communities: proposed ethical guidelines for the reporting of results.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EThe Information Society\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1996\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E12\u003C\/span\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-issue\u0022\u003E2\u003C\/span\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E119\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E128\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E10.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-10-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 10. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-10\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.10\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ETill\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJE\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E. \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EResearch ethics: internet-based research. Part 1: On-line survey research.\u003C\/span\u003E (updated 18 Nov 1997, accessed 20 Jan 2001).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E11.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-11-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 11. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-11\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-book\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.11\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-ed-list duplicate\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-ed\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EJones\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ES\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESharf\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EBF\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EBeyond netiquette. The ethics of doing naturalistic discourse research on the internet.\u003C\/span\u003E In: \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-ed\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EJones\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ES\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E ed.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EDoing internet research.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-loc\u0022\u003ELondon\u003C\/span\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-name\u0022\u003ESage,\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1999\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E243\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E256\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E12.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-12-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 12. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-12\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.12\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth cit-collab\u0022\u003EWorld Medical Association\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. (update 7 Oct 2000, accessed 20 Jan 2001).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E13.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal no-rev-xref\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.13\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EJones\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ERA\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EThe ethics of research in cyberspace.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EInternet Res\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1994\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E4\u003C\/span\u003E(\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-issue\u0022\u003E3\u003C\/span\u003E):\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E30\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E35\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E14.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-14-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 14. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-14\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-book\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.14\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EFrankel\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EMS\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ESiang\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003ES\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-source\u0022\u003EEthical and legal issues of human subjects research on the internet\u2014report of an AAAS workshop.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-loc\u0022\u003EWashington, DC\u003C\/span\u003E: \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-publ-name\u0022\u003EAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science\u003C\/span\u003E,\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1999\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E15.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-15-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 15. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-15\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.15\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth cit-collab\u0022\u003EAmerican Sociological Association\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.American Sociological Association code of ethics. (updated 1 Aug 1999, accessed 12 Jan 2001).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E16.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-16-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 16. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-16\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-other\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.16\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth cit-collab\u0022\u003ESocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.Tri-Council policy statement: ethical conduct for research involving humans. (updated 14 Sep 2001).\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E17.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-17-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 17. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-17\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.17\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1007\/BF00439230\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EMayer\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EM\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E, \u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003ETill\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJE\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EThe internet: a modern Pandora\u0027s box?\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EQual Life Res\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1996\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E5\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E568\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E571\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DQuality%2Bof%2Blife%2Bresearch%2B%253A%2B%2Ban%2Binternational%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bquality%2Bof%2Blife%2Baspects%2Bof%2Btreatment%252C%2Bcare%2Band%2Brehabilitation%26rft.stitle%253DQual%2BLife%2BRes%26rft.aulast%253DMayer%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D5%26rft.issue%253D6%26rft.spage%253D568%26rft.epage%253D571%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2BInternet%253A%2Ba%2Bmodern%2BPandora%2527s%2Bbox%253F%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1007%252FBF00439230%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F8993102%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10.1007\/BF00439230\u0026amp;link_type=DOI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ECrossRef\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=8993102\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbmj%2F323%2F7321%2F1103.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=A1996VY10600005\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E18.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-18-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 18. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-18\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.18\u0022 data-doi=\u002210.1093\/hsw\/24.3.220\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EFinn\u003C\/span\u003E \u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-given-names\u0022\u003EJ\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EAn exploration of helping processes in an online self-help group focusing on issues of disability.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EHealth Soc Work\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1999\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E24\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E220\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E231\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DHealth%2BSoc%2BWork%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1093%252Fhsw%252F24.3.220%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10505283%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/ijlink\/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MzoiaHN3IjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjg6IjI0LzMvMjIwIjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjM6Ii9ibWovMzIzLzczMjEvMTEwMy5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-abstract\u0022\u003EAbstract\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep\u0022\u003E\/\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-reflinks-full-text\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022free-full-text\u0022\u003EFREE \u003C\/span\u003EFull Text\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E19.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-19-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 19. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-19\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.19\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth cit-collab\u0022\u003ERoyal College of Physicians Committee on Ethical Issues in Medicine\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003Ccite\u003E.\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-article-title\u0022\u003EResearch based on archived information and samples. Recommendations from the Royal College of Physicians Committee on Ethical Issues in Medicine.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Cabbr class=\u0022cit-jnl-abbrev\u0022\u003EJ R Coll Physicians Lond\u003C\/abbr\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-pub-date\u0022\u003E1999\u003C\/span\u003E;\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-vol\u0022\u003E33\u003C\/span\u003E:\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-fpage\u0022\u003E264\u003C\/span\u003E\u2013\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-lpage\u0022\u003E266\u003C\/span\u003E.\u003C\/cite\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-extra\u0022\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022{openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJournal%2Bof%2Bthe%2BRoyal%2BCollege%2Bof%2BPhysicians%26rft.stitle%253DJ%2BR%2BColl%2BPhysicians%2BLond%26rft.issn%253D0035-8819%26rft.volume%253D33%26rft.issue%253D3%26rft.spage%253D264%26rft.epage%253D266%26rft.atitle%253DResearch%2Bbased%2Bon%2Barchived%2Binformation%2Band%2Bsamples.%2BRecommendations%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2BRoyal%2BCollege%2Bof%2BPhysicians%2BCommittee%2Bon%2BEthical%2BIssues%2Bin%2BMedicine.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10402577%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-openurl cit-ref-sprinkles-open-url\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EOpenUrl\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=10402577\u0026amp;link_type=MED\u0026amp;atom=%2Fbmj%2F323%2F7321%2F1103.atom\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=000081193500016\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022ref-label\u0022\u003E20.\u003C\/span\u003E\u003Ca class=\u0022rev-xref-ref\u0022 href=\u0022#xref-ref-20-1\u0022 title=\u0022View reference 20. in text\u0022 id=\u0022ref-20\u0022\u003E\u21b5\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit ref-cit ref-journal\u0022 id=\u0022cit-323.7321.1103.20\u0022\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\u0022cit-metadata\u0022\u003E\u003Col class=\u0022cit-auth-list\u0022\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-auth\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022cit-name-surname\u0022\u003EFeldman\u003C\/span\u003E 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cit-ref-sprinkles-medline\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EPubMed\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022\/lookup\/external-ref?access_num=000088342600005\u0026amp;link_type=ISI\u0022 class=\u0022cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience\u0022\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWeb of Science\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ol\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan class=\u0022highwire-journal-article-marker-end\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cspan id=\u0022related-urls\u0022\u003E\u003C\/span\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/323\/7321\/1103.abstract\u0022 class=\u0022hw-link hw-link-article-abstract\u0022\u003EView Abstract\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/div\u003E \u003C\/div\u003E\n\n \n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\u003Cscript 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