Tannin is an excellent renewable resource for replacing petroleum-derived phenolic compounds. The major wood species from which it can be obtained are mimosa, quebracho and radiata pine. It is mainly concentrated in the inner layer of the bark and has been utilized in the adhesives industry in Africa, South America and Oceania. In particular, tannin-based wood adhesives have been used industrially for quite a long time in several countries for the manufacture of exterior wood panels. There are two different types of tannin: wattle tannin composed of resorcinol A-rings and pine tannin composed of phloroglucinol A-rings with catechol or pyrogallol B-rings. The free C6 or C8 sites on the A-ring react with formaldehyde, due to their strong nucleophilicity, to form the adhesive. The phenolic nuclei in tannins also react with formaldehyde. This high reactivity of tannins towards formaldehyde is the result of their A-ring phloroglucinolic or resorcinolic nuclei, which haved 10- to 50-times higher rate of reaction than the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. Because of this characteristic, less free formaldehyde emission occurs than from other wood adhesives such as phenol– formaldehyde, urea–formaldehyde, etc.
Tannins are an important ingredient in the process of tanning leather. Tanbark from oak, mimosa, chestnut and quebracho tree has traditionally been the primary source of tannery tannin, though inorganic tanning agents are also in use today and account for 90% of the world's leather production. Therefore, it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest.
Few Indian Major Players are as under
• Advanced Adhesives Ltd.
• Arofine Polymers Ltd.
• C I C O Technologies Ltd.
• Ciba India Ltd.
• F C L Technologies & Products Ltd.
• Feroke Boards Ltd.
• Henkel C A C Pvt. Ltd.
• India Tyre & Rubber Co. (India) Ltd.
• Jesons Industries Ltd.
• Jyoti Resins & Adhesives Ltd.
• Kitply Industries Ltd.
• Mica House Ltd.
• N G Adhesive Inds. Pvt. Ltd.
• Nikhil Adhesives Ltd.
• Pidilite Industries Ltd.
• Resinova Chemie Ltd.
• Uflex Ltd.

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