Unit 1: Origins Of State

Wrote Two Treatises on Government in 1690, and believed in the Social Contract theory. Locke also believed that all people consented to government and if the government failed to protect your natural rights then the people could rebel.

Justify the historical significance of Thomas Hobbes

Hobbes believed in the Social Contract but believed no matter what the people could never go against the government

Define Sovereignty

absolute power

Preamble

A statement of goals

Define a state

oa political community that occupies a definite territory and has an organized government with the power to make and enforce laws without approval from any higher authority

Define a Nation.

Any sizable group of people united by common bonds of race, language, custom, tradition, and sometimes religion

Divine Right Theory

Idea that the gods have chosen certain people to rule

Social Contract

People consent to government, and in return for protection of their natural rights

Four Purposes of Government

Maintain social order, provide public services, provide for the national security and common defense, and provide for and control the economic system

Unitary System

government gives all key powers to the national or central government

Federal System

divides powers between the national and state and provincial governments

Constitution

a plan that provides the rules for government

What are the major purposes of a Constitution

1.Sets out the idea that the people believe in and share

2.Establishes basic structure of government and defines governments powers and duties

3.Provides supreme law for country

Confederacy

a loose union of states that are each independent

Politics

effort to control or influence conduct and policies of government

Autocracy

any system of government in which power and authority are in hands of an individual

Totalitarian dictatorship

The ideas of a single leader are glorified and the government seeks to control social and economic life. For example: Adolf Hitler's governmetn in Germany

Monarchy

king or queen or emperor exercises supreme power and usually inherit power

Absolute monarchy

monarchs have complete and absolute sovereignty

Constitutional Monarchy

Monarchs have shared powers with elected legislator and serve as ceremonial leaders of government, i.e. Great Britain, Sweden, Japan, and the Netherlands

Oligarchy

system of government in which a small group holds power

Democracy

any system of government in which rule is by the people

Direct Democracy

people govern themselves by voting on issues individually as citizens

Indirect Democracy (representative democracy)

the people elect representatives and give them responsibility and power to make laws and conduct government

An economic system in which freedom of choice and individual incentive for workers, investors, consumers, and business enterprises is copied

What are the Five Characteristics of Capitalism

private ownership and control of property and economic resources, Free Enterprise, Competition among businesses, freedom of choice, possibility for profits

Laissez-faire

governments role is strictly limited to those few actions needed to ensure competition in market place

Free Enterprise(Market Economy)

economic decisions are made by buyers(consumers) and seller(producers)

1. Sellers own businesses that produce goods and services

2.Buyers pay for those goods and services that they believe best fits their needs

3.Question of what to produce is determine by buyers and sellers and not government

Sumarize the historical importance of Adam Smith.

Provided philosophy for new system in his book Wealth of Nations and from his writting came the idea of Laissez-faire, which means the govenrment lets the market be.

Mixed Market Economy

an economy in which free enterprise is combined with and supported by government decisions in the market place

Socialism

an economic system in which the government owns the basic means of production

Democratic socialism

Under this system, citizens have basic democratic right like freedom of speech, free elections but in economic sphere government owns key large industries and makes economic decision for everyone's benefits

Karl Marx

German philospher, writer, and reformer, who lived from 1818 to 1883. he saw first hand both early industrilization and political rebellions and concluded the capitalist system would collapse. He published his ideas in 1848 in Communist Manifesto

Proletariat

Workers were concentrated in factories and no longer owned their own tools

Bourgeoisie

Middle class owners of indusy

Capital

the means necessary to produce industrial goods, such as factories, land, water rights, or other necessary resources

Command economy

government planners decide how much to produce, what to produce and how to distribute goods and services

Define a nation-state

when political and geographical boundaries are the same

Explain the four theories on the origin of governments

Evolutionary Theory- belief that the state evolved from the family

Force Theory-government emerged when people of an area were brought under the authority of one person or group

Divine Right Theory- Idea that the gods have chosen people to rule

Social Contract Theory-By contract people surrendered to the state the power needed to maintain order, and in turn the state agreed to protect the people

Define Federalism, unitary, and Confederacy.

Define Federalism, unitary, and Confederacy.

Federalism: divides all powers between national and state.Unitary: all key powers to the national of the central government.Confederacy: loose union of independent states.

Describe the three types of government named by Aristotle.

Aristotle who governs created Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy. Autocracy has 1 ruler. Oligarchy is a small group of people with power. Democracy is when people rule.

Name two different command economies.

socialism and communism

Explain three different types of autocracy.

—Totalitarian Dictatorship-Ideas of single leader are glorified

—-Government seeks to control social and economic life

—Absolute monarchs have complete and absolute powers

oFor example: King of Saudi Arabia

—Constitutional Monarchs have shared powers with elected legislator and serve as ceremonial leaders of government

What is the goal of a constitution?

The preamble is the goal of the constitution. THe constitution limits the powers of the government.

Describe the purposes of a constitution.

Set out ideals that people believe in and share

Establishes basic structure, powers, and duties of government

Provides supreme law for country

What is a statement of goals?

preamble

Describe the four features of a state

oPopulation: agreement about basic beliefs=stability

oTerritory: Established borders

oSovereignty: supreme and absolute authority

oGovernment: the institution which maintains social order, provide public services

Contrast a direct democracy and a indirect democracy

Indirect or Representative democracy-people elect representatives and give power

a form of government in which people select representatives to govern them and make laws

What is a mixed-market economy?

a combination of the features of all the types of economies.

Summarize the four purposes of a state and give an example for each purpose.

Maintain social order

By implementing and enforcing laws

John Locke, Two Treatises of Government

Provide public services

Like building sewers, and highways, or inspecting meat and produce

Provide national security

Protect against attacks from other states

To make treaties with other nations

Provide for and control the economic system

Who was Aristotle?

Greek philosopher who created three types of government

Name four characteristics of a democracy.

Individual liberty - be as free as possible.Majority rules with Minority Rights - Relocation CampsFree elections: One person, One voteCompeting in Political parties

Describe socialism and communism as economic systems, explaining all key components and their functions.

Socialism. Type of Economy: Command Economy-government sets goals for production

Nationalization:Centralized decision making by governmen.t Public Services and the Welfare State: guarantee public welfare by providing for the equal distribution of necessities and services

political and Economic philosophy

Communism

Labor theory of Value

Bourgeoisies

Wealthy Owners

Proletariat

Workers

Dictatorship of the Proletariat

Who was Karl Marx and why is he important?

German philospher, writer, and reformer, who lived from 1818 to 1883. He saw first hand both early industrilization and political rebellions and concluded the capitalist system would collapse. He published his ideas in 1848 in Communist Manifesto