Technical Abstract:
Pesticides are used to control weed, disease, and insect pests of plants in agricultural, urban, and natural settings. Appropriate pesticide use can enhance the quantity and quality of food, feed, and fiber production and the appearance of landscape plants and areas. However, inappropriate or poorly planned use of pesticides can result in the degradation of surface and ground waters. It is in the best interest of society and the environment that we understand how pesticides affect the environment, what mechanisms control their movement, and which management practices minimize their adverse affects. This publication provides an overview of factors influencing pesticide movement into ground and surface waters in the four-state Heartland region of Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska. First, we discuss the benefits of appropriate pesticide use and highlight the risks associated with pesticide movement into ground and surface waters. Second, we describe chemical processes and landscape characteristics that affect pesticide movement and behavior in soil and water. Third, we present best management practices (BMPs) that may be applied to minimize off-site movement of pesticides. Finally, we detail legislation and policies that are used to regulate the use of pesticides. This publication will benefit scientists, government agencies, and growers by providing a concise and comprehensive overview of pesticide management to maximize the benefits of these chemicals and minimize their adverse effects on humans and the environment.