Android is the most popular mobile operating system in the world.NurPhoto/Getty

The European Commission slapped Google with a record fine of 4.34 billion euros ($5 billion) on Wednesday over antitrust violations related to the Android mobile operating system.

The European Union is concerned that Google’s agreements with phone makers such as Huawei, Samsung and LG put those companies at a disadvantage because they’re completely dependent on Android. The agreements stipulate that certain Google apps and search tools, as well as the Google Play Store, must be preinstalled on Android devices, which allows Google to preserve and strengthen its dominance in search.

Most of all, the EU is worried that this harms you, the consumer, by restricting your choice and preventing innovation that could lead to better mobile experiences in the future.

“Google has used Android as a vehicle to cement the dominance of its search engine,” Margrethe Vestager, the EU’s competition commissioner, said Wednesday in a statement. “These practices have denied rivals the chance to innovate and compete on the merits. They have denied European consumers the benefits of effective competition in the important mobile sphere. This is illegal under EU antitrust rules.”

Margrethe Vestager

✔@vestager

Fine of €4,34 bn to @Google for 3 types of illegal restrictions on the use of Android. In this way it has cemented the dominance of its search engine. Denying rivals a chance to innovate and compete on the merits. It’s illegal under EU antitrust rules. @Google now has to stop it

“Rapid innovation, wide choice, and falling prices are classic hallmarks of robust competition and Android has enabled all of them,” he said.

The EU’s decision also ignores the competition from Apple’siOS mobile operating system and “misses just how much choice Android provides,” he added.

“Today, because of Android,” Pichai said, “there are more than 24,000 devices, at every price point, from more than 1,300 different brands.”

This is the second such fine the EU has imposed on the tech giant in just over a year, and it could mean big changes to the world’s most popular mobile platform. The punishment comes amid wider scrutiny over the power that tech giants like Google and Facebook wield over our lives.

Google argues that by providing Android software free of charge to device makers it’s enabled the proliferation of cheap phones and, in doing so, has increased access to online services. The company also points out that if users want to download rival services they are free to do so.

What the EU action could mean for Google

But the impact of the EU’s decision to fine Google over Android’s dominance could be more than just monetary. Google could be forced to open up Android, which might translate into not requiring manufacturers to preinstall Google services including Chrome, YouTube and Google Maps.

For phone owners within Europe, this could mean that a new phone may come with fewer services preinstalled, or could come with the manufacturer’s own choice of apps and services rather than the typical Google options. For Google, which benefits financially when more people use its services, this could ultimately hurt mobile ad revenue.

In a press conference Wednesday, Vestager said she hopes the decision will allow more rival businesses, apps and services to flourish, providing more choice for consumers overall.

Reactions from rivals and watchdog groups came quickly.

“The US Federal Trade Commission or Department of Justice should also act to end Google’s monopolistic abuses, instead of letting the Europeans be the only cop on the antitrust beat,” John Simpson, privacy project director at the nonprofit Consumer Watchdog, said in a statement.

Yelp, which earlier this year filed an antitrust complaint in the EU against Google over alleged abuse of its dominance, also supported the EU’s decision.

“The European Commission’s ruling of additional illegal conduct by Google on smartphones is another important step in restoring competition, innovation and consumer welfare in the digital economy,” Luther Lowe, Yelp’s senior vice president of public policy, said in a statement. He called on the US to provide consumers with similar protections.

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Not everyone is so upbeat about the impact of the decision that came from the European Commission, which is the executive arm of the EU. Europe’s action is six to eight years too late, Geoff Blaber, tech analyst at research firm CCS Insight, said in a blog post. At this point, he added, unbundling Google apps that users rely on just means they’ll have to seek them out and download them. He also expressed concern that the already known issue of fragmentation of Android could worsen, resulting in inconsistent app performance and a poorer user experience for consumers.

“Google’s strength is an understandable concern, but overly arbitrary measures could ultimately hurt the consumer and only strengthen the position of a primary competitor in Apple,” he said.