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In neuropsychology and cognitive psychology, cognitive ability, or intelligence or executive functioning is the level of functioning in intellectual tasks demonstrating the capacity to control and planfully apply one's own mental skills.

Different executive functions may include: the ability to sustain or flexibly redirect attention, the inhibition of inappropriate behavioral or emotional responses, the planning of strategies for future behavior, the initiation and execution of these strategies, and the ability to flexibly switch among problem-solving strategies.