..We also wished to ascertain whether positivity may be found in the stromal cells of normal vulval skin and in other lesions at this site that can cause diagnostic confusion with aggressive angiomyxoma...

..To undertake an immunohistochemical analysis of squamous elements in endometrioid proliferations of the uterus and ovary and to compare the immunophenotype of typical squamous elements and so-called squamous morules...

Superficial myofibroblastoma of the lower female genital tract: report of a series including tumours with a vulval location

..The morphology of ovarian carcinoma following chemotherapy often differs markedly from native tumour. This study aimed to compare the immunophenotype of post-chemotherapy ovarian carcinomas with that of untreated tumour...

..Because 2 of the patients had been taking tamoxifen, this raises the possibility of an association between tamoxifen and the development of USC and EIC in the endometrial polyps that are characteristic of this medication...

Peritoneal stromal endometriosis: a detailed morphological analysis of a large series of cases of a common and under-recognised form of endometriosis

..Currently, it is not known whether the hyperplasia is likely to be confined to the polyp or also involve nonpolypoid endometrium. We aim to assess the likelihood of hyperplasia being confined to an endometrial polyp...

..The aim of this study was to compare expression of p16 INK4A (p16) in these two tumour types. We also included cases of serous borderline tumour, since these are considered to represent a precursor lesion of low-grade serous carcinoma...

WT-1 assists in distinguishing ovarian from uterine serous carcinoma and in distinguishing between serous and endometrioid ovarian carcinoma

M Al-HussainiDepartment of Pathology, Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast, UKHistopathology 44:109-15. 2004

..This study aims to document the value of WT-1 in these settings. Cases of ovarian borderline serous tumour, primary peritoneal serous carcinoma (PPSC) and uterine endometrioid carcinoma were also studied...

A panel of immunohistochemical stains assists in the distinction between ovarian and renal clear cell carcinoma

R I CameronDepartment of Pathalogy, Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United KingdomInt J Gynecol Pathol 22:272-6. 2003

..The aim of this study was to investigate calretinin staining in a series of these tumours and their histological mimics in order to determine the value of calretinin staining in a diagnostic setting...

p16 immunoreactivity may assist in the distinction between endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinoma

..Diffuse, strong positivity with p16 in endocervical adenocarcinomas is likely caused by inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein by the E7 human papillomavirus oncoprotein, which acts as a p16 transcript repressor...

..It is important to distinguish between these since the former may result in pelvic inflammatory disease and require antibiotic treatment while the latter is non-infectious and does not require specific treatment...

..Staining of a range of tumours which can be confused morphologically with endometrial stromal neoplasms was also undertaken to ascertain whether antibodies against CD10 are of value in a diagnostic sense...

CD10 and calretinin staining of endocervical glandular lesions, endocervical stroma and endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the uterine corpus: CD10 positivity is characteristic of, but not specific for, mesonephric lesions and is not specific for endometrial

..In this study the specificity of these two antibodies in evaluating cervical and uterine glandular lesions and the value of CD10 in determining whether stroma is endometriotic or not were investigated...

Metastatic neoplasms involving the ovary: a review with an emphasis on morphological and immunohistochemical features

W G McCluggageDepartment of Pathology, Royal Group of Hospitals Trust, Belfast, and Department of Pathology, St James s University Hospital, Leeds, UKHistopathology 47:231-47. 2005

..We critically discuss the value of immunohistochemistry and associated pitfalls with each tumour type described...

Results of a questionnaire regarding criteria for adequacy of endometrial biopsies

..An initial audit showing variation in endometrial biopsy adequacy reporting prompted this assessment of the criteria used by specialist gynaecological pathologists for the classification of adequacy...

..The small numbers of other malignancies in the study precludes a judgement of the value of SM047 staining in these neoplasms. SM047 staining may be useful, as part of a larger panel, in the work up of patients with peritoneal effusions...

..This case report highlights the rare occurrence of myoepitheliomas in deep soft tissues. Pathologists should be aware of this and should consider a myoepithelioma in the differential diagnosis of a soft tissue spindle cell neoplasm...

..Assessment of the endometrium is often difficult because of pronounced tissue autolysis. This study describes a simple method to prevent endometrial autolysis and aid in interpretation of the endometrium...

..In situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry for Epstein-Barr virus were negative. A review of the literature reveals that such neoplasms appear to be extremely rare within the female genital tract outside of the cervix...

..Leiomyosarcoma developing as a second malignancy has rarely been reported and most have occurred in the field of previous radiotherapy. The literature on leiomyosarcoma occurring as a second neoplasm following retinoblastoma is reviewed...

Atypical carcinoid tumor of the larynx: an immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and flow cytometric analysis

..Further study is necessary to determine whether mutation of the p53 gene is important in the evolution of laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors and whether DNA aneuploidy or polyploidy identifies a subset of these tumors with a poor prognosis...

Cellular angiofibroma and related fibromatous lesions of the vulva: report of a series of cases with a morphological spectrum wider than previously described

..The carcinoma involved the myometrium and cervix (stage IIa). To our knowledge, this is the third documented case of an adenocarcinoma and the first serous carcinoma involving a uterine adenofibroma...

..Although the presence of BMMs correlates with recognized adverse tumor characteristics in patients with esophageal cancer, micrometastases detected in the bone marrow at time of surgery does not influence long-term survival...

The effects of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (Mirena coil) on endometrial morphology

..Importantly, a small proportion of uterine carcinosarcomas are true collision tumours and should be recognised as such because, in some instances, the prognosis may be better than for a similar stage carcinosarcoma...

CD10 is useful in demonstrating endometrial stroma at ectopic sites and in confirming a diagnosis of endometriosis

..Immunohistochemical stains are extremely useful in resolving many of these problematic cases. As the knowledge in this area is constantly expanding, it is useful to have this updated information in a review form for easy access...

..A newly developed monoclonal antibody HMGIC which is expressed in vulvovaginal aggressive angiomyxoma may prove to be of value in the often difficult distinction of this lesion from its histological mimics...

..To describe a case of recurrent sarcomatoid adult granulosa cell tumour (AGCT) of the ovary and to evaluate the usefulness of two ovarian sex cord stromal markers (inhibin and calretinin) in separating sarcomatoid AGCT from true sarcomas...

[Uterine carcinosarcoma related to tamoxifen]

W G McCluggageInt J Gynecol Cancer 13:697-8; author reply 697-8. 2003

Differentiation and proliferation related proteins in the epithelium of prophylactically removed ovaries from women with a hereditary female adnexal cancer predisposition

W G McCluggageHistopathology 45:298-9. 2004

Early experience with chronic hepatitis C in Northern Ireland: epidemiology and response to monotherapy

..Because primary endometrial carcinomas may also arise within tamoxifen polyps, these should be extensively sampled. We briefly review polypoid uterine lesions that may occur secondary to tamoxifen therapy...