Presentation Transcript

Classification :

Species of Organisms :

2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms
This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!!
New organisms are still being found and identified Species of Organisms M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

What is Classification? :

3 What is Classification? Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities
Classification is also known as taxonomy
Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names :

Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists :

Early Taxonomists :

7 Early Taxonomists 2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first taxonomist
Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animals
He subdivided them by their habitat ---land, sea, or air dwellers M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Early Taxonomists :

8 Early Taxonomists John Ray, a botanist, was the first to use Latin for naming
His names were very long descriptions telling everything about the plant M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Carolus Linnaeus1707 – 1778 :

9 Carolus Linnaeus1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist
Classified organisms by their structure
Developed naming system still used today M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Carolus Linnaeus :

10 Carolus Linnaeus Called the “Father of Taxonomy”
Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature
Two-word name (Genus & species) M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Standardized Naming :

11 Standardized Naming Binomial nomenclature used
Genus species
Latin or Greek
Italicized in print
Capitalize genus, but NOT species
Underline when writing Turdus migratorius American Robin M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Binomial Nomenclature :

12 Binomial Nomenclature M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Rules for Naming Organisms :

13 Rules for Naming Organisms The International Code for Binomial Nomenclature contains the rules for naming organisms
All names must be approved by International Naming Congresses (International Zoological Congress)
This prevents duplicated names M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Classification Groups :

14 Classification Groups Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed
There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups :

Slide 16:

16 King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Gooseberry
Soup! M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Slide 17:

17 M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Domains :

18 Broadest, most inclusive taxon
Three domains
Archaea and Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles)
Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Domains M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Slide 19:

19 Archaea live in harsh environments and may represent the first cells to have evolved. Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc. M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Slide 20:

20 Eubacteria, some of which cause human diseases, are present in almost all habitats on earth. Many bacteria are important environmentally and commercially. Live in the intestines of animals M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Slide 31:

Similarities in Vertebrate Embryos :

Cladogram :

33 Cladogram Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Primate Cladogram :

34 Primate Cladogram M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)

Dichotomous Keying :

35 Dichotomous Keying Used to identify organisms
Characteristics given in pairs
Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism M.Bregar (Dante C.S.S.)