How to make reference list

How to make a reference list1
General1
A complete publication1
An article in a journal2
A part of a publication / a paper presented at a meeting2
Electronic document2
Web sites3
Additional points3
Read more 3

General

The information needed for your reference list has to be collected when actually using the particular document. It is not sufficient to photocopy the title page of the document, for this may not contain all the information needed for a proper reference. A publication / article etc. retrieved from the website (of an organisation) is presented according to the guidelines for printed publications + the url and if necessary the date of retrieval. If a document or article is only available on the web, the information on the publisher or the journal can be omitted. For documents available in the IRC (virtual) library a ready made reference can be retrieved from IRCDOC http://www.irc.nl/docsearch/search.

In general a reference starts with the name of the author(s) followed by the year of publication, the title, the publisher and eventually the series.

The most common types of publications to be put in your refer­ence list are: - a complete publication (book, report)
- an article in a journal
- a part of a publication (chapter in a book)
- a paper presented at a meeting
- electronic documents
- web sites

These types of publications all have their own way of pres­entation. A complete publication
author(s), surname and initials
year of publication, between brackets
title and subtitle, divided by space : space
edition (if applicable)
place of publication
name of publisher
series (if applicable)

Bastemeijer, T.F. and Visscher, J.T. (1987). Maintenance systems for rural water supplies. The Hague, The Nether­lands, IRC. (Occasional paper; no. 8) An article in a journal
author(s), surname and initials
year of publication, between brackets
title and subtitle, divided by space : space
name of journal
volume number
issue number
page number

Charnock, G. (1982). ‘Malawi's Livulezi project provides a primer for pump studies’. In: World water, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 22-26 A part of a publication / a paper presented at a meeting
author(s) surname and initials
year of publication, between brackets
title of chapter/article
in:
editor(s) surname and initials
title and subtitle of the book, divided by space : space
edition (if applicable)
place of publication
name of publisher
series (if applicable)
page numbers of chapter/article

Pyle, D.L. (1982). ‘Anaerobic digester designs in the third world’. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on anaerobic digestion, held at Cardiff, UK, April 1981. London, UK, Applied Science Publishers Electronic document

author(s) surname and initials
year of publication, between brackets
title, if applicable
[name of publisher, if the document is also available in printed form] retrieved [date], from the World Wide Web: [url]

Rached, E. ; Rathgeber, E.M. ; Brooks, D.B. (1996). Water management in Africa and the Middle East : challenges and opportunities. Ottawa, Ont, Canada, International Development Research Centre. Available at: http://www.idrc.ca/acb/showdetl.cfm?&DID=6&Product_ID=82&CATID=15

...headings and block quotations
Double-space referencelist
Indent the first line of every new paragraph half an inch
Align the text to the left-hand margin
Indent block quotations one half inch
Number all your pages (top righthand corner)
(Sample manuscript text)
Title
This is a piece of text designed to show you how to write using the APA-style of manuscript formatting. APA stands for The American Psychology Association, but it is a reference style that is used by a lot more people than just psychologists!
When you start a new paragraph, you do not skip a line. Rather, you indent in by pressing the indent key on your keyboard once. Also, everything you write has to be double-spaced. If you want to quote what someone else has written and the quotation is longer than one line, you need to indent the entire quotation too:
This is an example of such a quotation. You indent not only the first line, but you continue to indent the whole thing. That way, the reader can easily see that you have quoted from someone else’s writing. (Langhelle, 2013, p. 5)
When you have finished quoting, you do not indent anymore.
Citing References
Cite everything and everyone that have directly influenced your work, even if you don’t quote them directly but only paraphrase their work or ideas (oppgi alle kilder, selv om du ikke siterer dem direkte, men bare gjenforteller hva andre har sagt / skrevet).
Take...

...Place the smaller box inside the larger box. Make sure the smaller box is inside the large boxes with shredded newspaper. This will act as an insulator.Line the inside of the smaller box with black construction paper. This will keep slightly flared squares. Since you will be attaching these to the walls of your box, the width of each narrow end of each square should equal the width of the side you’ll be attaching it to; the width of each flared end should be several inches wider than the width of the narrow end.Cover each piece of cardboard with reflective material such as foil. Make sure it sits tightly around the reflector, and smooth out any wrinkles or folds. Secure the material with rubber cement or tape on one side of each reflector.Attach each reflector to the top of one side of the box. You can glue, staple, or thread them as necessary, allowing them to flop over for now.Prop each reflector up at around a 45 degree angle. The easiest, most secure way to do this is to connect the reflectors together at the flared top corners (ex. by piercing adjacent corners and tying them together with thread, then untying them for dis assemblyPosition the oven in full sun and cook. Put food in the smaller box to cook it. It is best to cook the food in jars or on a small, dark baking pan. Experiment with cooking times and how and where you place the box. You may need to reposition your box several times during cooking to catch the sun)....

...ca/liberalarts/sites/default/files/COMPARE%20AND%20CONTRAST%20ESSAY.pdf
Before beginning with the compare and contrast essay topics, let us spend some time on how to write and essay of this type and what it entails. Writing can be of many types - academic writing, journalistic writing, letter writing, essay writing, creative writing, and fiction writing. All these types require different writing skills, and the writing tips also differ for each of them. Writing skills can be acquired, if you are not already born with them, and hence there is no need to fear writing of any kind.
Coming to our original topic, that is around essay writing, here's a small list of steps to write an essay :
Choosing a Topic - In this stage, one not only has to choose a topic to be researched and written on but also decide on the scope of the chosen topic to be explored and covered. A topic can be vast. So, it is important to determine whether specific facets and angles of it will be covered in the essay or everything about it will be included. For instance, if writing about Mahatma Gandhi, one will need to decide whether his life from the day he was born to the moment he breathed his last will be covered or just one facet, such as his relation with his wife, will be concentrated upon.
Brainstorming - Brainstorming on the essay content and body will make researching about it easier, since you will know exactly what to look for.
Research and Analysis...

...**This recipe is very similar to Tamale’s Industry, but this recipe uses Masa Mix (Which Tamale’s Industry does not use). This is the recipe and preparation that we give out, the true recipe and preparation is Family Secret. This is still a good way for others to make tamales**
Start with the equipment you need:
Before beginning your tamale adventure, you’re going to need some important tools of the trade. Some substitutions can of course be made, but we’ll show you what we prefer.
Large steaming vessel: We use a large stainless pot with a glass lid and a large perforated steaming basket. The larger the better. Although tamales are certainly worth the trouble, fact is they can be a decent amount of work. You wouldn’t want to do all of this for just a couple dozen tamales. You need a pot deep enough to hold the tamales and something that holds enough water that you won’t have to be refilling every 10 minutes. The glass lid is nice because you can satisfy your curiosities without letting the steam out.
Measuring devices: As many or as few as you like. Everything from large measuring cups to small measuring spoons will come in handy.
Silicon spatula: This device is key. A lot of the trick to making good looking tamales is the ability to get very sticky masa dough onto a damp corn husk in a smooth and controlled manner. We feel that the silicon spatula is the best way to go. Also, comes in handy when you’re getting down to the bottom of the masa bowl....

...Student:
Instructor:
Course:
Title: How to Make a Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich
Specific Purpose: To Describe and show my audience how to make and eat a peanut butter and jelly sandwich.
Central Idea: The first thing you need to know is that making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich no matter how you look at it can be confusing and complicated. There are just too many ways to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. Not only do you have to decide what kind of bread you want (white, wheat, pita ect) and what kind of jelly (strawberry or grape) and peanut butter (chunky or smooth) you want to put on the bread. You also have to decide how much of everything you want to put on your sandwich. Some people even go to the extreme of putting bananas or pickles on there peanut butter and jelly sandwich. I know disgusting right, but people do it. I guess you would also have to decide whether or not you want the crust on your bread and how to cut the sandwich when you're done making it (diagonal, across or not at all).
Preparing to make your sandwich
l. The first thing you need to do is pick out what kind of bread you want.
A. I brought white bread.
ll. Next you need to pick the kind of jelly you want and the type of peanut butter you want.
A. I brought grape jelly and smooth peanut butter.
1. you will also need a knife...

...How to make the Perfect Cheeseburger
Making the perfect cheeseburger is a hidden skill, passed along the test of time from one grill master to the next, generation to generation. To make this culinary classic one must poses at the very least some basic cooking skill, as well as some basic tools, and kitchen knowledge. In other words, plastic knives, and paper plates are not acceptable. This is a test of determination and perseverance, a battle, between you, the chef and the beef, vegetables, fire, and cheese.
To make the perfect cheeseburger you must have the following grilling, and kitchen utensils: a charcoal grill, a sharp chef's knife, cutting board, frying pan and a few other non-specific household items.
The first step in the culinary conquest takes place in your local supermarket, or butcher shop. Selecting the most tender and choice cuts are a very simple yet, possibly complex task. The only answer to this question is Angus, BABY! A #1 choice cut Angus sirloin steak. Not, I repeat, not tacky dyed, ground beef will suffice. You will need approximately three one-pound top choice sirloins, which will make around four burgers.
After you make purchase the beef cuts, you will need to make the following acquirements:
1. Fresh Iceberg lettuce
2. Fresh vine ripened tomatoes
3. One fresh red onion
4. Fresh chopped mushrooms
5. One pound of lean cut bacon
6. Four...