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<div class="field field-name-field-teaser-article field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><a href="/issue60/callaghan-et-al#author1">Sarah Callaghan</a>, <a href="/issue60/callaghan-et-al#author2">Fiona Hewer</a>, <a href="/issue60/callaghan-et-al#author3">Sam Pepler</a>, <a href="/issue60/callaghan-et-al#author4">Paul Hardaker</a> and <a href="/issue60/callaghan-et-al#author5">Alan Gadian</a> introduce the OJIMS Project and discuss the impact of overlay and data journals in the meteorological sciences.</p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><!-- v.2 to incorporate author deletions :REW 200907301643 --><p>Historically speaking, scientific publishing has focused on publicising the methodology that the scientist uses to analyse a dataset, and the conclusions that the scientist can draw from that analysis, as this is the information that can be easily published in text format with supporting diagrams. Datasets do not lend themselves easily to normal hard copy publication, even if the size of the dataset were small enough to allow this, and datasets are more useful stored in digital media. <span class="read-more"><a href="/issue60/callaghan-et-al" title="Overlay Journals and Data Publishing in the Meteorological Sciences" rel="nofollow"><strong>Read more<span class="element-invisible"> about Overlay Journals and Data Publishing in the Meteorological Sciences</span></strong></a></span></p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-original-article-html field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Historically speaking, scientific publishing has focused on publicising the methodology that the scientist uses to analyse a dataset, and the conclusions that the scientist can draw from that analysis, as this is the information that can be easily published in text format with supporting diagrams. Datasets do not lend themselves easily to normal hard copy publication, even if the size of the dataset were small enough to allow this, and datasets are more useful stored in digital media. This means that the peer review process that provides both scrutiny and validation of academic work is generally only applied to the final conclusions and interpretations of a dataset. Some research areas and some countries and organisations make the underlying datasets available, but generally they are not always tightly coupled to the publications that result from them; nor have they themselves been reviewed. Where such conclusions from the analysis of datasets are of significant importance, either within the academic field, or because the work has legal or policy implications, this becomes a problem. It is widely recognised that conclusions drawn from analysis of a dataset must be based on valid data in order to be sound. Furthermore, as datasets are becoming larger and more complex, a reliable method for peer review of data is needed. In the meteorological and climate sciences, information about weather and climate change is being scrutinised more than ever to meet the need for advice to policy-makers on greenhouse gas emissions and their consequences. Datasets of meteorological measurements such as air temperature, pressure, rain rates, etc. dating back centuries, are subject to increasing scrutiny and analysis in order to investigate and quantify the effects of climate change. Overlay journals are a technology which is already being used to facilitate peer review and publication on-line. The availability of the technology enables a wider group of organisations to become publishers (e.g. the RIOJA Project). However, the technology is limited, in some cases, by the accessibility and functionality of what is overlaid and business models are needed to achieve long-term sustainability of overlay journals. Why Publish Data? Peer-reviewing and publishing data has benefits for more than just the data scientists who create the datasets. It also benefits the funding bodies that pay for the data to be collected as well as the wider academic community. Benefits for the Data Scientist The data scientists who build, maintain, validate and collect the data for large databanks have to ensure that the data are of high quality and that the associated metadata and documentation are complete and understandable. This often represents a major task, which leaves little time for the analysis of the data required to produce a paper suitable for journal publication. Publishing a dataset in a data journal will provide academic credit to data scientists, and without diverting effort from their primary work on ensuring data quality. Benefits for the Funding Organisation A key driver for the funding organisations is obtaining the best possible science for their money. Running measurement campaigns is expensive, both in terms of equipment and time, so the more reuse that can be derived from a dataset, the better. Part of the submission process for publication in a data journal is uploading the dataset to a trusted repository where it will be backed up, properly archived and curated. As a result, the problems of data stored on obsolete media or suffering from bit-rot will be avoided, thereby minimising the need to repeat costly experiments. Similarly, the peer-review process reassures the funder that the published dataset is of good quality and that the experiment was carried out appropriately. Benefits for the Wider Research Community When datasets have been peer-reviewed and published, it demonstrates to the wider research community that the datasets are reliable and complete, and therefore the data can be trusted. Publication of datasets will also be useful to researchers outside the immediate field, as going to a data journal for information about datasets will be a quick and convenient way of finding out not only what high-quality data are available, but also whom to contact about accessing them. This will encourage inter-disciplinary collaboration, and open up the user base not only for the datasets, but also the data journal and the underlying repositories. Moreover, the availability of published datasets will make it easier to validate conclusions through the reanalysis of those datasets. Overlay Journals The technology required for publishing data is already available in the form of online journal systems. In a lot of cases, the software is available for free, and can easily be downloaded and installed on a Web server. Overlay journals sit on top of, and make use of, the content stored in other pre-existing repositories. The overlay journal database itself consists of a number of overlay documents, which are structure documents created to annotate another resource with information on the quality of the resource. The overlay document has three basic elements:
</p><ul><li>metadata about the overlay document itself;</li>
<li>information about and from the quality process for which the document was constructed; and</li>
<li>basic metadata from the referenced resource to aid discovery and identification (Figure 1).</li>
</ul><p> Figure 1: Information needed in an overlay document The overlay documents can then be treated as any other documents in an electronic system, and they can provide added-value information about the resource they refer to, for example, a star-rating given by readers, or a series of review comments. So, overlay journals themselves do not actually store the datasets they reference, instead they simply store overlay documents about the datasets which contain links to the datasets. The concept of overlay journals is not solely limited to data publication; they can be applied to other objects which can be stored in a repository, but which might not be so easy to reproduce in print, for instance, video or multimedia files. For example, an overlay journal might look at other journal-published and unpublished papers; its overlay document might allow users of the overlay journal to award star ratings to the paper to which it refers. The underlying technology for such an overlay journal remains the same. The Submission and Review Process The procedure for submitting a dataset for publication to an overlay journal is analogous to that of submitting a conventional paper to a print or on-line journal (Figure 2). A scientist wishing to submit a paper for publication first writes and prepares the paper according to the journal style and requirements. The author then submits the paper as an electronic document (usually pdf) to the journal submission site, where it is stored and passed on to the reviewer who reviews the paper against the journal's acceptance criteria. Once the paper has been accepted for publication, it is released on the journal's Web site for readers to read. In the case of a data scientist, who wishes to publish a dataset, the first step remains the same. The dataset has to be prepared for publication, and requires its supporting documentation and metadata. (This is analogous to the editing that needs to be done to a paper before it is submitted.) The dataset must be stored in a trusted data repository, and the data journal would provide guidance on which repositories it trusted. To submit the dataset for review, the data scientist would go to the overlay journal site and fill out the data journal's form, providing details about where the dataset is stored, and providing reviewers with access to the dataset in order to complete their review. The overlay journal site would then create a document collating all these details in the journal format to pass on to the reviewer. The latter then reviews this overlay document and examines the dataset stored in the repository indicated in order to determine whether it meets the journal's acceptance criteria. Once the dataset is accepted for publication, the overlay document is released on the overlay journal's site for readers to access. Figure 2: Comparison between the 'traditional' online journal submission process and the overlay journal process for submitting and reviewing data The OJIMS Project The O<em>verlay Journal Infrastructure for Meteorological Sciences</em> (OJIMS) Project aimed to develop the mechanisms that could support both a new (overlay) Journal of Meteorological Data and an Open Access Repository for documents related to the meteorological sciences. Its work was conducted by a partnership between the Royal Meteorological Society (RMetS) and two members of the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) and the University of Leeds. The OJIMS Project aimed to exploit the existing data repository at the BADC, along with the expertise of the RmetS, to develop the mechanisms which could support both a new data journal and a repository for the meteorological sciences. This concept comprised four components:
</p><ol><li>a new open access discipline-specific document repository based at the BADC; </li>
<li>the existing BADC data repository;</li>
<li>a new overlay journal in which 'articles' link peer-reviewed documents to peer-reviewed datasets (codenamed the MetData journal); and</li>
<li>an overlay journal (codenamed MetRep) framework that would provide links to highly regarded 'star-rated' papers via the repository (either to the repository contents or the version of the record held by the original journal publisher).</li>
</ol><p> The work built on the previous JISC-funded CLADDIER Project and took the next steps towards making these two classes of overlay journal (i.e. a 'data' journal and a 'really useful papers' journal) possible. During the project, the RMetS undertook work to identify what possible business models exist and to recommend a method for identification and practical implementation of a sustainable business model that would guarantee the longevity of these journals. The analysis has been made available to other learned societies or groups considering such activities via the OJIMS Web site [<a href="#1">1</a>]. The software created by the project team to run the overlay journals are open source and available to all via the OJIMS Web site [<a href="#1">1</a>]. These two overlay journal activities address two key issues. Firstly, the application of the peer-review process to data, which has been discussed above. Secondly, the project addressed the issue that while it is easy to create a repository for a discipline, it is not so easy to get it populated. While NCAS as a distributed body of (primarily) university staff needs such an entity, and is in a position to expect (even mandate) NCAS-funded staff to use it, the real success of such a repository would be if it were populated by a much wider community from the UK, Europe and even further afield. This discipline repository would also provide the documents required to provide references to the proposed overlay journal of 'star-rated' papers. The resulting journal should provide a new way of focusing community attention on papers of special merit, regardless of the original journal location. It would also act both as a mechanism to encourage repository population, and as a mechanism to encourage publishers to accept the merits of open access. Achieving a high 'star-rating' would also increase the number of citations of a given paper. Survey of Organisations and Scientists The OJIMS Project carried out a survey of organisations and scientists to investigate the potential implications for the meteorological sciences should a data journal and an open access repository be created and operated. Survey of Organisations The OJIMS survey of organisations report [<a href="#2">2</a>] describes the results of a survey of commercial and public sector organisations which was conducted to assess attitudes to the creation and operation of the proposed <em>Journal of Meteorological Data</em> and an Open Access Repository. It was a small survey with 14 respondents, but representing a wide variety from across meteorology. The respondents included international energy companies with operations in the UK, a non-UK national meteorological service, a UK government agency, a local government authority, small and medium-sized companies involved in instrument manufacture and a private sector provider of weather services. There was a positive response to the opportunity for these organisations to use any new online facility with information about meteorological sciences from the Royal Meteorological Society; all of the respondents replied that they would make use of such a facility. These 14 organisations identified more than 300 staff who would use the facility, and when asked which topics these staff were most likely to access, all respondents said 'operational systems and trials' with some also selecting experimental campaigns, numerical modelling projects, instrument and observing facilities, data structure, software, pre-prints and post-prints. The single representative of the international meteorological service community (of which there are 190) was a very positive respondent, indicating that there were 50 staff willing to use the facilities proposed, and no obstacles to submitting articles or data. Commercial sensitivity represents a significant obstacle that will prevent larger commercial organisations making their meteorological articles available through an open access repository. Smaller organisations and public sector organisations saw no obstacles, or merely licensing requirements, though some did not feel they held any articles of wider interest. The three small organisations that manufactured instruments responded that they could definitely make data available to an RMetS publication for free and unrestricted use. Others were less sure, and were concerned about commercial sensitivities. The OJIMS project team has identified the quality assurance offered by a peer-review process as a benefit of the <em>Journal of Meteorological Data</em>. However, the value of peer review was not highly rated by these organisations. Raising awareness of the organisation's brand was the benefit most highly rated by those respondents. Survey of Users As well as investigating scientists' reactions to the proposed data journal and open access repository, the survey of users report [<a href="#3">3</a>] also describes reactions to supervised run-throughs of a demonstration of the <em>Journal of Meteorological Data</em>. The survey and demo were conducted at the NCAS Conference in Bristol of 8-10 December 2008 [<a href="#4">4</a>]. The survey achieved a high rate of response from delegates at the conference. More than a third of delegates (85) from 24 institutions responded. Respondents were mainly university-based scientists from the fields of atmospheric composition and chemistry, atmospheric physics, dynamical meteorology and climate science; scientists from meteorological programmes, observations/remote sensing, oceanography, hydrology or other areas were not represented in significant numbers. A high proportion of respondents were less experienced scientists with 46% having less than three years experience of research work, but 25% of respondents had more than 10 years experience. Further insight into attitudes to the <em>Journal of Meteorological Data</em> came from the supervised run-throughs of a demonstrator by seven volunteers at the NCAS Conference. Useful feedback was made to the supervisor on the benefits to data creators, the review process, branding, version control and citations. The following summarises the key responses to the user surveys. Overlay Journal and Open Access Repository for Documents Related to the Meteorological Sciences
</p><ol><li>The concept of the Open Access Repository includes both a new subject-based repository and overlay mechanics to search and access it and other repositories, as well as producing a 'star-rated' overlay journal for the meteorological sciences.</li>
<li>The Open Access Repository idea was popular with NCAS delegates with about 70% rating at least one of its features as a great idea that they would use. </li>
<li>The most appealing feature of the Repository was a 'Single Web site to search many repositories' with 71% saying they would use it. This is a function that is provided by overlay journal mechanics.</li>
<li>User rating of articles, supplementary information, e.g. videos, discussion group open forum, and 'user comments and tags for items' attracted minority support (12-18% said they would use each of them). This user rating would be a key feature of the 'star-rated' journal.</li>
<li>Use of other repositories that the new Repository system would overlay is lower than might be expected. Only 19% use repositories as their most common method for getting the full text of articles (a further 28% use them occasionally to do so) and only 38% use institutional repositories to archive their articles. It is concluded that the overlay 'star-rated' journal could not become a single, comprehensive source of information for the meteorological sciences unless it attracts unprecedented volumes of deposits in its new repository, or inspires a step-change increase in archiving to existing repositories.</li>
</ol><p> <em>Journal of Meteorological Data </em> The concept behind the <em>Journal of Meteorological Data</em> is to extend the scientific discipline of peer review to data. To summarise:
</p><ol><li>It received a strong positive response in the survey.</li>
<li>69% agreed that they would like to access data from an RMetS Journal.</li>
<li>67% agreed that they were more likely to deposit their data in a data centre if they can obtain academic credit through a data journal.</li>
<li>Almost all respondents were users or creators of meteorological data of some kind. Data from experimental campaigns was more commonly used and created by these NCAS delegates than data from General Circulation Models, other numerical models, operational systems, and instrument and observing facilities.</li>
<li>The only existing data journal in this area is aimed at all environmental sciences. 91% of respondents had never heard of it.</li>
</ol><p> <em>Atmospheric Science Letters</em>, the RMetS online journal, is one of the best known online-only meteorological journals with 93% of respondents having heard of it. The Business Cases for the Subject Repository and Overlay and Data Journals The business models produced as part of the OJIMS Project are described in more detail in the Business Models report [<a href="#5">5</a>]. A review of publishing in the meteorological sciences was carried out, along with data centres and electronic repositories. Information about the potential usage of the subject repository and overlay journals was collected through the user and organisational surveys described above. From these information collection exercises, the functional requirements, content, benefits and success measures for the repository and journals were identified. In parallel, development of the software infrastructure to support the repository and journals continued, with communication between the two strands to ensure that the user requirements and technical costs were fully understood. Discussion was carried out with stakeholders regarding the governance and management structure for the repository and journals, along with publication ethics and the review processes and procedures that would be adopted. Finally a market analysis of this information was carried out, including a full cost-benefit analysis. The recommendations from the business cases were as follows: In the short term, there is a technical issue and a behavioural issue that would severely limit the chances of success for an Open Access Repository for the Meteorological Sciences. Technically, the mechanics for the overlay of other repositories are immature, and direct access from the Open Access Repository to other repositories is not feasible. The rate of depositing information into repositories is low, and would require a step-change increase for the Open Access Repository to be able to provide comprehensive access to meteorological information. However, it is recognised that there are needs (listed below) that can be met, in the medium to long term, by the creation of an Open Access Repository for the Meteorological Sciences. Engagement with technology development stakeholders, learned society members and potential funding organisations is needed to overcome these issues.
</p><ul><li>Quality assurance of increasing volumes of information – without compromising peer review or the facilitation of greater information and exchange</li>
<li>Exploitation of new ways of sharing scientific information e.g. Web 2.0 capabilities such as Web pages wikis, blogs and podcast</li>
<li>Enabling communication between scientists and stakeholders</li>
<li>Reduction of environmental costs of print journals and face-to-face communication</li>
</ul><p> With regards to the data journal, there does seem value in either a subscription or an author-pays model for financing a <em>Journal of Meteorological Data</em>. To ensure the long-term success of the <em>Journal of Meteorological Data</em> there needs to be engagement with the community of those involved with data collection and analysis. Further, such a journal would not succeed without the development of strategic relationships with national data centres in several countries. OJIMS: Conclusions and Implications The following can be concluded from the OJIMS Project work:
</p><ul><li>A document repository capable of storing grey literature (Web pages, project reports, pictures, video etc.) as well as journal papers is acknowledged to be a useful addition to an organisation. The repository created as part of the OJIMS Project is already in use as the operational repository for the BADC/NEODC and will continue to be used as this for the foreseeable future.</li>
<li>Interaction with meteorological and atmospheric data scientists and organisations has shown that there is a strong need for a method for publishing data (a data journal). Publication of data will ensure that the datasets are of good quality, having been peer-reviewed, and will provide data scientists with academic credit for having created the datasets and placing them in an accredited data repository where the data can be professionally archived and curated.</li>
<li>Similarly, interaction with meteorological and atmospheric data scientists and organisations has shown that there is a desire to have an overlay repository which can serve as a single point of search for numerous institutional repositories. However, at the moment it is felt that the institutional repositories do not have a critical mass of documentation stored in them to merit the investment required to develop an overlay repository framework.</li>
</ul><p> The implications of this project are considerable for data scientists in the meteorological and atmospheric sciences (and potentially data scientists in other fields). The user surveys have shown that there is a significant desire in the user community for a data journal, which would allow scientists to receive academic recognition (in the form of citations) for their work in ensuring the quality of datasets. The sponsors and funding bodies for the experimental campaigns that produce these data (such as NERC) would also benefit as it would encourage scientists to submit their data to accredited data repositories, where they would be archived and curated. On the broader subject of document repositories, the project has demonstrated that an overlay repository with the capability to be a single point to search multiple repositories is a tool that would be of value to significant numbers of researchers. However, this does rely on the repositories being searched having a sufficient amount of documents in them in the first place, which is not always the case. Further work on user interaction with repositories and determining why they are not as widely used as they could be, may prove of interest in the future. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) as the principal funder of the OJIMS Project under the JISC Capital Programme call for Projects, Strand D: - 'Repository Start-up and Enhancement Projects' (4/06). Complementary funding was provided by NCAS through the BADC core agreement, and also by the Natural Environment Research Council. References
</p><ol><li><a name="1" id="1"></a>Overlay Journal Infrastructure for Meteorological Sciences (OJIMS) <a href="http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims">http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims</a></li>
<li><a name="2" id="2"></a>Fiona Hewer, OJIMS Survey of Organisations, March 2009 <a href="http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_SurveyOfOrgsV2%209Mar2009.pdf">http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_SurveyOfOrgsV2%209Mar2009.pdf</a></li>
<li><a name="3" id="3"></a>Fiona Hewer,OJIMS Survey of Scientists, March 2009 <a href="http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_SurveyOfScientistsV2%209Mar2009.pdf">http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_SurveyOfScientistsV2%209Mar2009.pdf</a></li>
<li><a name="4" id="4"></a>2008 NCAS Atmospheric Science Conference, 8-10 December, Bristol <a href="http://ncasweb.leeds.ac.uk/conference2008/">http://ncasweb.leeds.ac.uk/conference2008/</a></li>
<li><a name="5" id="5"></a>Fiona Hewer, OJIMS Business Models Report, March 2009 <a href="http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_BusinessModelsV2p1.pdf">http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_BusinessModelsV2p1.pdf</a></li>
</ol><p> Author Details <a name="author1" id="author1"></a> <strong>Sarah Callaghan</strong> Senior Scientific Researcher and Project Manager British Atmospheric Data Centre Email: <a href="mailto:sarah.callaghan@stfc.ac.uk">sarah.callaghan@stfc.ac.uk</a> Web site: <a href="http://badc.nerc.ac.uk">http://badc.nerc.ac.uk</a> <a name="author2" id="author2"></a> <strong>Fiona Hewer</strong> Environmental Consultant Fiona's Red Kite Email: <a href="mailto:fiona@fionasredkite.co.uk">fiona@fionasredkite.co.uk</a> Web site: <a href="http://www.fionasredkite.co.uk/">http://www.fionasredkite.co.uk/</a> <a name="author3" id="author3"></a> <strong>Sam Pepler</strong> Head, Science Support Group British Atmospheric Data Centre Email: <a href="mailto:sam.pepler@stfc.ac.uk">sam.pepler@stfc.ac.uk</a> Web site: <a href="//badc.nerc.ac.uk"> http://badc.nerc.ac.uk</a> <a name="author4" id="author4"></a> <strong>Paul Hardaker</strong> Chief Executive Royal Meteorological Society Email: <a href="mailto:chiefexec@rmets.org">chiefexec@rmets.org</a> Web site: <a href="http://www.rmets.org/">http://www.rmets.org/</a> <a name="author5" id="author5"></a> <strong>Alan Gadian</strong> Senior Research Lecturer National Centre for Atmospheric Science Email: <a href="mailto:a.gadian@see.leeds.ac.uk">a.gadian@see.leeds.ac.uk</a> Web site: <a href="http://www.ncas.ac.uk/weather/">http://www.ncas.ac.uk/weather/</a> <a href="#top">Return to top</a> Article Title: "Overlay Journals and Data Publishing in the Meteorological Sciences " Author: Sarah Callaghan, Fiona Hewer, Sam Pepler, Paul Hardaker and Alan Gadian Publication Date: 30-July-2009 Publication: Ariadne Issue 60 Originating URL: <a href="http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue60/callaghan-et-al/">http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue60/callaghan-et-al/</a></p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-article-authors field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Sarah Callaghan, Fiona Hewer, Sam Pepler, Paul Hardaker, Alan Gadian</p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-3 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Organisations: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/category/buzz/jisc">jisc</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-1"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13306">university of leeds</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-2"><a href="/category/organisations/ncas">ncas</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-3"><a href="/category/organisations/badc">badc</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-4"><a href="/category/organisations/royal-meteorological-society">royal meteorological society</a></li></ul></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Projects: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13562">claddier</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-1"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13598">rioja</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-2"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13624">ojims</a></li></ul></div><div class="sharethis-buttons"><div class="sharethis-wrapper"><span st_url="http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue60/callaghan-et-al" st_title="Overlay Journals and Data Publishing in the Meteorological Sciences" class="st_facebook_button" displayText="facebook"></span>
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<div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-5 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Issue number: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/category/issue-number/issue60">issue60</a></li></ul></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-6 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Article type: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/category/article-type/feature-article">feature article</a></li></ul></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-4 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Buzz: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/category/buzz/data">data</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-1"><a href="/category/buzz/software">software</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-2"><a href="/category/buzz/framework">framework</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-3"><a href="/category/buzz/wiki">wiki</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-4"><a href="/category/buzz/open-source">open source</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-5"><a href="/category/buzz/database">database</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-6"><a href="/category/buzz/infrastructure">infrastructure</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-7"><a href="/category/buzz/archives">archives</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-8"><a href="/category/buzz/metadata">metadata</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-9"><a href="/category/buzz/accessibility">accessibility</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-10"><a href="/taxonomy/term/138">identifier</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-11"><a href="/taxonomy/term/156">blog</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-12"><a href="/category/buzz/repositories">repositories</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-13"><a href="/taxonomy/term/169">open access</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-14"><a href="/taxonomy/term/171">video</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-15"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1197">multimedia</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-16"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1493">digital media</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-17"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1535">data set</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-18"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1563">search technology</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-19"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6955">podcast</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-20"><a href="/taxonomy/term/7055">web 2.0</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-21"><a href="/taxonomy/term/15595">research</a></li></ul></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-1 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Authors: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/category/authors/sarah-callaghan">sarah callaghan</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-1"><a href="/category/authors/sam-pepler">sam pepler</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-2"><a href="/category/authors/fiona-hewer">fiona hewer</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-3"><a href="/category/authors/paul-hardaker">paul hardaker</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-4"><a href="/category/authors/alan-gadian">alan gadian</a></li></ul></div><div class="field field-name-field-pub-datestamp-article field-type-datestamp field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Date published:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">Thu, 07/30/2009</span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-issue-number-article field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Issue 60</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-guid-article field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">issue60_callaghan_et_al</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pub-url-article field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue60/callaghan-et-al/</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-copyright-article field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This article has been published under copyright; please see our <a href="/about/copyright">access terms and copyright</a> guidance regarding use of content from this article. See also our explanations of <a href="/citations">how to cite <em>Ariadne</em> articles</a> for examples of bibliographic format.</p>
</div></div></div>Wed, 29 Jul 2009 23:00:00 +0000editor1487 at http://www.ariadne.ac.ukHow to Publish Data Using Overlay Journals: The OJIMS Projecthttp://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue61/callaghan-et-al
<div class="field field-name-field-teaser-article field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p><a href="/issue61/callaghan-et-al#author1">Sarah Callaghan</a>, <a href="/issue61/callaghan-et-al#author2">Sam Pepler</a>, <a href="/issue61/callaghan-et-al#author3">Fiona Hewer</a>, <a href="/issue61/callaghan-et-al#author4">Paul Hardaker</a> and <a href="/issue61/callaghan-et-al#author5">Alan Gadian</a> describe the implementation details that can be used to create overlay journals for data publishing in the meteorological sciences.</p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>The previous article about the Overlay Journal Infrastructure for Meteorological Sciences (OJIMS) Project [<a href="#1">1</a>] dealt with an introduction to the concept of overlay journals and their potential impact on the meteorological sciences. It also discussed the business cases and requirements that must be met for overlay journals to become operational as data publications. <span class="read-more"><a href="/issue61/callaghan-et-al" title="How to Publish Data Using Overlay Journals: The OJIMS Project" rel="nofollow"><strong>Read more<span class="element-invisible"> about How to Publish Data Using Overlay Journals: The OJIMS Project</span></strong></a></span></p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-original-article-html field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>The previous article about the Overlay Journal Infrastructure for Meteorological Sciences (OJIMS) Project [<a href="#1">1</a>] dealt with an introduction to the concept of overlay journals and their potential impact on the meteorological sciences. It also discussed the business cases and requirements that must be met for overlay journals to become operational as data publications. There is significant interest in data journals at this time as they could provide a framework to allow the peer-review and citation of datasets, thereby encouraging data scientists to ensure their data and metadata are complete and valid, and granting them academic credit for this work. This would also benefit the wider community as a whole, as data publication would also ensure that expensive (and often irreproducible) data are archived and curated appropriately. Science, as a discipline, benefits from publishing processes that facilitate the appropriate application of data and the reproduceability of experiments. The OJIMS Project aimed to develop the mechanisms that could support both a new (overlay) Journal of Meteorological Data and an Open-Access Repository for documents related to the meteorological sciences. Its work was conducted by a partnership between the Royal Meteorological Society (RMetS) and two members of the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), namely the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) and the University of Leeds. This article goes into more technical detail about the OJIMS Project, giving details of the software used to deploy a demonstration data journal and operational document repository and the form of the submission processes for each. OJIMS Aims and Objectives Aims At the start of the OJIMS Project, there were three fundamental aims:
</p><ol><li>Creation of overlay journal mechanics</li>
<li>Creation of an open access subject-based repository for meteorology and atmospheric sciences</li>
<li>Construction and evaluation of business models for potential overlay journals</li>
</ol><p> The third aim has been detailed in our previous article [<a href="#1">1</a>], so this contribution will concentrate on the details of the first two aims. Objectives The specific objectives of the project were detailed as below. Repository Set-up Set up a repository for meteorology and atmospheric sciences capable of preserving documents relating to the subject area with the following in mind:
</p><ol><li>The repository should take peer-reviewed publications, 'grey' literature (which includes technical reports, images, video, podcasts etc.) and structured metadata documents.</li>
<li>Create the repository's deposit and access polices.</li>
</ol><p> Demonstration Overlay System Create a demonstration overlay journal system with the following aspects addressed:
</p><ol><li>The system must present an online journal to the reader, and be capable of organising the workflows associated with the peer-review process.</li>
<li>Construct a prototype data journal <em>(MetData) </em>in order to evaluate its sustainability. This will include review procedures, presentation and trial content. </li>
<li>Construct a prototype 'star-rated' overlay journal<em> (MetRep)</em> in order to evaluate its sustainability. This will include review procedures, presentation and trial content.</li>
</ol><p> Most of these objectives remained the same over the course of the project, though time spent working on the prototype 'star-rated' journal was reduced in order to spend more time on the construction of the prototype data journal. This was decided after in-depth user surveys (as reported in [<a href="#2">2</a>] [<a href="#3">3</a>]) suggested that the meteorological and atmospheric science communities were more interested in a data journal than the provision of a 'star-rated' overlay journal (mainly due to the low levels of documents in pre-existing repositories). It should be pointed out that the software developed to provide the overlay documents for the data journal is nonetheless equally applicable to the 'star-rated' journal. However after examining the business models, we discovered that the creation and operation of the data and 'star-rated' journals themselves stood quite explicitly outside the project scope as such work required a long-term commitment from a journal publisher. Methodology The main project issues were:
</p><ul><li>Integration of RMetS current practice with the new overlay journals</li>
<li>Copyright for overlay journals</li>
<li>Copyright for documents deposited in the subject-based repository. The copyright issues for published papers are fairly clear; however the authorship of technical reports and other 'grey' literature is often less than completely clear</li>
<li>Dataset peer-review processes </li>
<li>Technical implementation of overlay journals</li>
<li>Viability of business models</li>
</ul><p> Figure 1 gives an overview of the components required for this project and their interactions. It is worth noting that the software requirements for the data journal and the overlay subject repository are very similar, hence the same basic software (with minor modifications) can be used for both the data journal and overlay subject repository. Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the project, detailing the software and procedures (blue ovals) and repositories and processes (square boxes) that are required to build an overlay MetRep subject repository and an overlay MetData data journal The OJIMS Project Web site was produced to act as a dissemination point for the results of the project, and as a collaboration tool for the project partners. The Web site [<a href="#4">4</a>] will remain operational for several years after the project ends to publicise the project results. Implementation The work of the OJIMS Project was conducted by a partnership between the Royal Meteorological Society (RMetS) and two members of the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (the British Atmospheric Data Centre and the University of Leeds). Building the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) Document Repository A key deliverable of the OJIMS Project was to create a discipline-based open access document repository embedded within the BADC. There were two main requirements for the subject repository:
</p><ol><li>A suitable place to lodge grey literature</li>
<li>Mechanics for the creation of records that describe documents in other repositories (overlay documents)</li>
</ol><p> The overlay document requirements are considered in the data journal developments (see <a href="#overlay">Creating the Infrastructure for Overlay Journals</a>) so the subject repository development concentrated on identifying how to provide a suitable place to lodge grey literature. The deposit policy, documentation and training process for maintenance of the repository system were all developed during the project. The full deposit policy is available on the repository site [<a href="#5">5</a>]. It is broken down into separate metadata, data, content, submission and preservation policies. Key parts of the policy are that anyone can access the metadata, full-text and other full data items stored in the repository free of charge, and that items stored in the repository will be retained indefinitely. Implementation of the subject repository was done by installing the EPrints software (version 3) on a Xen (virtual server) platform running Red Hat Enterprise. The basic configuration was supplemented by:
</p><ul><li>Using the standard subject categories used by NORA [<a href="#6">6</a>]</li>
<li>Branding and look-and-feel tweaks</li>
<li>Adding policy information (using the OpenDOAR [<a href="#7">7</a>] policy tool)</li>
<li>SNEEP [<a href="#8">8</a>] extensions for adding comments and tags to repository content</li>
</ul><p> After populating the repository with some sample content, and training BADC staff to administer the repository, the repository was launched on 30 October 2008, and advertised to BADC users. Documents already held by the BADC and NEODC were were added to the repository. The repository has been running operationally since launch as the Centre for Environmental Data Archival Document Repository (CEDA Docs [<a href="#9">9</a>]). The repository has the standard EPrints interface with the addition of the tags and comments extensions from the SNEEP Project. The standard repository workflows apply. The repository currently has over 200 items mainly added by BADC staff from existing material held within the data centre. 27 users are registered with the repository. The OJIMS Project provided the funding to run the CEDA document repository for a year, with the principal expenditure devoted to moderating the deposit of new items into the repository. The sustainability and cost modelling of the repository were also investigated, and the costs of running the repository within the BADC in the long term were not found to be prohibitive. Hence the repository will be maintained for the foreseeable future now that the OJIMS Project has ended. Figure 2: Screenshot of the CEDA document repository Creating the Infrastructure for Overlay Journals The infrastructure requirements for the overlay journals are similar, regardless of whether the overlay journal is a data journal, or a 'star-rated' journal. The project team examined current overlay infrastructure tools and technologies and chose the Open Journal Systems (OJS) because of its open source nature and the ease of adaption. A series of interfaces and forms were generated for the publishers and authors, including a peer-review management interface and issue construction interface for publishers, and a submission interface form for authors. <a name="overlay" id="overlay"></a>Overlay Documents for the Repository and Data Journal An overlay document is a structure document that is created to annotate another resource with information on the quality of the resource. This document can be referred to as the data description document. However, it contains more than just a description of the data, including, for example, details of the review process context for which it is constructed. It is for this reason that the term 'overlay document' has been coined. The document has three basic elements:
</p><ul><li>metadata about the overlay document itself; </li>
<li>information about and from the quality process for which the document was constructed; and </li>
<li>basic metadata from the referenced resource to aid discovery and identification. </li>
</ul><p> When considering how to encode this information, project staff considered various implementation methods; as this is an annotation document, RDF seemed appropriate. It is potentially harder to render RDF documents for human readers because of RDF's more complex data representation, but as the structure of these documents is not overly complex, it can be done. We took inspiration from annotations of Flickr photos by Masahide Kanzaki [<a href="#10">10</a>]. Only openly available software was used to create the overlay document editor and the structure for the data journal. Any modifications made to the software during the project have been made freely available in the sub-version repository on the OJIMS Web site [<a href="#4">4</a>]. The creation of the overlay documents used in the overlay journals required a custom-built editor system. This was written using the Pylons Web application framework. The editor system supported creation of documents with XML schema, Dublin Core fields for the overlay documents themselves and, for the overlaid dataset, metadata for the data centre. The OJIMS editor is also freely available from the sub-version repository on the OJIMS site and will remain there for the foreseeable future. Policies and Procedures for the 'Star-rated' and Data Overlay Journal This work, led by the RMetS, concentrated on producing viable business plans, as well as submission and acceptance policies for the data and 'star-rated' journal. The main tasks for the data journal included:
</p><ul><li>Work out acceptance policy for datasets</li>
<li>Formalise interaction with the overlay journal infrastructure</li>
</ul><p> For the 'star-rated' overlay journal, the tasks included:
</p><ul><li>Establish 'kite-marking'/'star-rating' criteria and methodologies </li>
<li>Formalise the 'star-rating' process</li>
</ul><p> Both types of overlay journal required sustainability and business modelling. Full details of the policies and procedures for data and star-rated journals can be found in the business models report [<a href="#11">11</a>]. For the data journal the acceptance policy for datasets depends on the subject area covered by the data journal and whether the datasets are stored in an existing data centre that satisfies standards of good practice in archiving and data management and which is registered with the data journal. For example, for a data journal specialising in meteorological data, a dataset of rain gauge measurements stored in the BADC (or other accredited data centre) would be appropriate for publication, while a dataset on road traffic flows would not. The contents of the data journal could be categorized in the following ways:
</p><ul><li>Experimental campaigns</li>
<li>Numerical modelling projects</li>
<li>Operational systems (systems which are delivering a service and so have to be resilient and available, e.g. collection of radar data for input into numerical weather models or weather forecasts)</li>
<li>Instruments and observing facilities (as used for scientific campaigns etc., where precision may be more important than resilience)</li>
</ul><p> For the overlay journal and document repository, two types of ratings for the referenced documents were proposed. The first rating advises readers on how far the material has gone through the independent peer-review process, giving four ratings as explained in Figure 3. Figure 3: Example method of rating the contents of the repository/overlay journal according to its level of peer [<a href="#11">11</a>]. The second form of rating comes from the users of the overlay journal (Figure 4), where users could rate the entry out of 10. The average rating would be displayed alongside the number of reviews and number of downloads. Figure 4: Example form of rating from the users of the subject repository or overlay journal [<a href="#11">11</a>]. The Data Journal A demonstration overlay journal system used to produce a data journal has the following requirements:
</p><ul><li>Tools to create the data description documents for the author</li>
<li>Inclusion of simple metadata in the data description documents about the document and the dataset referenced</li>
<li>Inclusion of data description documents in standard journal processes, like submit, search, view and review. These same functions are expected of normal journal articles</li>
<li>Unambiguous reference to datasets in long-term data centres</li>
</ul><p> The production of an overlay document repository can be done using an analogous process. Figure 5 gives a schematic view of the data journal structure. The data journal contains a database of XML documents relating to various published datasets. These XML data description documents contain links to the datasets as they are published in various accredited data repositories. The data journal editor edits these XML files, but does not make any changes whatsoever to the underlying datasets. Figure 5: Schematic of <em>MetData</em> structure The tactic taken in the development of the demonstration system was to use as much standard online journal technologies a possible, thereby introducing all the functions of journals without engineering new solutions. Various online journal systems considered including the Open Journal Systems (OJS), Digital Publishing System (Dpubs) and Hyperjournal. OJS was chosen because of its open source nature and the ease of adaption. The RIOJA [<a href="#12">12</a>] Project also used this software for exactly these reasons. The approach used was to add the data description documents into the standard workflow of the journal software. The additional elements needed were a tool to author the data description documents and a method to render the documents. To create these documents a Web-based authoring tool was developed. This was done using the Pylons Web application framework, which allows the rapid development of Web applications in the Python programming language. The code for this application is available from the sub-version repository on the OJIMS Web site [<a href="#13">13</a>]. The editor requires input of metadata about the overlaid dataset and other information such as the author of the document. It also adds information set and constrained by the data journal's review processes. For example, a text description of the review process is the same for all documents and is simply inserted from the editor's configuration. The XML documents produced by the editor were rendered into a human-readable document using a XSLT style sheet when viewing through the data journal interface (see screenshots below). Figure 6: The front page of the journal demo. There is a link from the front page and from the submission page to the overlay document editor Figure 7: The overlay document creation tool. This page is where a new document can be created either online or by uploading an existing document in the same format which has been created by other means Figure 8: The document in the editing stage. Some fields are editable, others (e.g. format) are set by the configuration of the editor Figure 9: After submission and review, the documents are viewable in the same ways as any other online journal. The contents of a demonstration journal issue are shown in this screenshot Figure 10: The link to the item allows the Web browser to render the document using an XSLT style sheet Outcomes of the OJIMS Project The main project achievements have included:
</p><ul><li>The project has developed a business case for data journals on behalf of the academic publishing community. The RMetS has evaluated the technologies and business cases associated with new overlay journals. It is hoped that this will lead to the publication of a data journal in the near future.</li>
<li>The project has also developed some of the software technologies required to run a data journal.</li>
<li>The project brings data journals closer to actual realisation. Should a data journal be developed and run, this will allow data scientists to gain academic credit for their work producing the datasets. </li>
<li>Further, peer review of datasets will ensure the quality of the datasets while publishing will ensure that more datasets are properly curated and archived, and are more widely available.</li>
<li>The document repository [<a href="#9">9</a>] is now fully operational and will be a resource freely available to members of the atmospheric science community and a source for documentation about the datasets stored at the BADC.</li>
<li>Expanding document repositories to include a wider range of citable material is of benefit and interest to the user community. The CEDA docs repository will continue to collect material ('grey' literature) outside the scope of journal articles from numerous sources.</li>
</ul><p> Impact on the Meteorological Sciences Research Community A significant part of the OJIMS project work was the survey of scientists and organisations which served to introduce the work the project was doing at the same time as capture the requirements for the data journal and document repository. The results from these surveys are documented in the reports <em>OJIMS Survey of Organisations</em> [<a href="#2">2</a>] and <em>OJIMS Survey of Scientists</em> [<a href="#3">3</a>]. These surveys and presentations at conferences and meetings served to kick-start a community debate on what materials need archiving and which should be regarded as 'publication-quality'. The OJIMS project has a high profile within the repository and atmospheric science community. At the recent NERC Data Management Workshop (February 2009 [<a href="#14">14</a>]) the OJIMS Project was mentioned in more than one key-note speech, with special emphasis on the data journal and its potential ability to provide academic credit for those data scientists who publish their data. Conclusions and Recommendations The OJIMS Project has demonstrated that standard online journal technologies are suitable for the development and operation of a data journal as they allow the use of all the functions of journals without the need to engineer new solutions. OJIMS also showed that there is a significant desire in the meteorological sciences community for a data journal, as this would allow scientists to receive academic recognition (in the form of citations) for their work in ensuring the quality of datasets. The funders of the research that produces these data also benefit from data publication as it raises the profile of the data, ensuring reuse. Furthermore, such publication encourages the scientists involved to submit to accredited data repositories, where their data will be properly archived. With regards to standards, the OJIMS data journal system chosen was the Open Journal Systems (OJS) and the repository software was EPrints. Both OJS and EPrints were chosen because of their open source nature and their ease of adaption. However they also offer standard interfaces such as OAI-PMH [<a href="#15">15</a>]. The overlay document schema incorporated Dublin Core metadata and used RDF to encode the needed information. The project endeavoured to make use of pre-existing and mature software to implement the document repository and the overlay journal infrastructure, modifying it as appropriate. This was to ensure ease of use and stability of the resulting software. The OJIMS Project would recommend that further work be done on the implementation and operation of a data journal. The authors are aware of one data journal currently in operation, the <em>Earth System Science Data Journal </em>(ESSD) [<a href="#16">16</a>], which has four papers in its library as of time of writing. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) as the principal funder of the OJIMS Project under the JISC Capital Programme call for Projects, Strand D: - 'Repository Start-up and Enhancement Projects' (4/06). Complementary funding was provided by NCAS through the BADC core agreement, and also by the Natural Environment Research Council. References
</p><ol><li><a name="1" id="1"></a>Sarah Callaghan, Fiona Hewer, Sam Pepler, Paul Hardaker and Alan Gadian, "Overlay Journals in the Meteorological Sciences", July 2009, <em>Ariadne</em>, Issue 60 <a href="http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue60/callaghan-et-al/">http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue60/callaghan-et-al/</a></li>
<li><a name="2" id="2"></a>Fiona Hewer, OJIMS Survey of Organisations, Version 2.0, March 2009 <a href="http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_SurveyOfOrgsV2%209Mar2009.pdf">http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_SurveyOfOrgsV2%209Mar2009.pdf</a></li>
<li><a name="3" id="3"></a>Fiona Hewer, OJIMS Survey of Scientists, Version 2.0, March 2009 <a href="http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_SurveyOfScientistsV2%209Mar2009.pdf">http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_SurveyOfScientistsV2%209Mar2009.pdf</a></li>
<li><a name="4" id="4"></a>Overlay Journal Infrastructure for Meteorological Sciences (OJIMS) - Trac <a href="http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims">http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims</a></li>
<li><a name="5" id="5"></a>Policies: CEDA Repository <a href="http://cedadocs.badc.rl.ac.uk/policies.html">http://cedadocs.badc.rl.ac.uk/policies.html</a></li>
<li><a name="6" id="6"></a>NERC Open Research Archive <a href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/">http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/</a></li>
<li><a name="7" id="7"></a>Directory of Open Access Repositories <a href="http://www.opendoar.org/">http://www.opendoar.org/</a></li>
<li><a name="8" id="8"></a>Social Networking Extensions for EPrints <a href="http://sneep.ulcc.ac.uk/wiki/index.php/Main_Page">http://sneep.ulcc.ac.uk/wiki/index.php/Main_Page</a></li>
<li><a name="9" id="9"></a>CEDA Repository <a href="http://cedadocs.badc.rl.ac.uk/">http://cedadocs.badc.rl.ac.uk/</a></li>
<li><a name="10" id="10"></a>Image Annotator: The Web Kanzaki <a href="http://www.kanzaki.com/docs/sw/img-annotator.html">http://www.kanzaki.com/docs/sw/img-annotator.html</a></li>
<li><a name="11" id="11"></a>Fiona Hewer, OJIMS Business Models Report, March 2009 <a href="http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_BusinessModelsV2p1.pdf">http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/attachment/wiki/WikiStart/FRK_RMetSOJIMS_BusinessModelsV2p1.pdf</a></li>
<li><a name="12" id="12"></a>Repository Interface for Overlaid Journal Archives (RIOJA) <a href="http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ls/rioja/">http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ls/rioja/</a></li>
<li><a name="13" id="13"></a>OJIMS - Trac <a href="http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/browser">http://proj.badc.rl.ac.uk/ojims/browser</a></li>
<li><a name="14" id="14"></a>2009 Workshop Programme - NERC Data Management Workshop - CEH Wiki <a href="http://wiki.ceh.ac.uk/display/nercworkshop/2009+Workshop+Programme">http://wiki.ceh.ac.uk/display/nercworkshop/2009+Workshop+Programme</a></li>
<li><a name="15" id="15"></a>The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting <a href="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html">http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html</a></li>
<li><a name="16" id="16"></a>Earth System Science Data (ESSD) <a href="http://www.earth-system-science-data.net/">http://www.earth-system-science-data.net/</a></li>
</ol><p> Author Details <a name="author1" id="author1"></a> <strong>Sarah Callaghan</strong> Senior Scientific Researcher and Project Manager British Atmospheric Data Centre Email: <a href="mailto:sarah.callaghan@stfc.ac.uk">sarah.callaghan@stfc.ac.uk</a> Web site: <a href="http://badc.nerc.ac.uk">http://badc.nerc.ac.uk</a> <a name="author2" id="author2"></a> <strong>Sam Pepler</strong> Head, Science Support Group British Atmospheric Data Centre Email: <a href="mailto:sam.pepler@stfc.ac.uk">sam.pepler@stfc.ac.uk</a> Web site: <a href="http://badc.nerc.ac.uk">http://badc.nerc.ac.uk</a> <a name="author3" id="author3"></a> <strong>Fiona Hewer</strong> Environmental Consultant Fiona's Red Kite Email: <a href="mailto:fiona@fionasredkite.co.uk">fiona@fionasredkite.co.uk</a> Web site: <a href="http://www.fionasredkite.co.uk/">http://www.fionasredkite.co.uk/</a> <a name="author4" id="author4"></a> <strong>Paul Hardaker</strong> Chief Executive Royal Meteorological Society Email: <a href="mailto:chiefexec@rmets.org">chiefexec@rmets.org</a> Web site: <a href="http://www.rmets.org/">http://www.rmets.org/</a> <a name="author5" id="author5"></a> <strong>Alan Gadian</strong> Senior Research Lecturer National Centre for Atmospheric Science Email: <a href="mailto:a.gadian@see.leeds.ac.uk">a.gadian@see.leeds.ac.uk</a> Web site: <a href="http://www.ncas.ac.uk/weather/">http://www.ncas.ac.uk/weather/</a> <a href="#top">Return to top</a> Article Title: "How to publish data using overlay journals: the OJIMS project" Author: Sarah Callaghan, Sam Pepler, Fiona Hewer, Paul Hardaker, Alan Gadian Publication Date: 30-October-2009 Publication: Ariadne Issue 61 Originating URL: <a href="http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue61/callaghan-et-al/">http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue61/callaghan-et-al/</a></p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-article-authors field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>Sarah Callaghan, Sam Pepler, Fiona Hewer, Paul Hardaker, Alan Gadian</p>
</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-3 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Organisations: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/category/buzz/jisc">jisc</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-1"><a href="/taxonomy/term/4071">oai</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-2"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13306">university of leeds</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-3"><a href="/category/organisations/ncas">ncas</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-4"><a href="/category/organisations/badc">badc</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-5"><a href="/category/organisations/royal-meteorological-society">royal meteorological society</a></li></ul></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-2 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Projects: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13557">opendoar</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-1"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13598">rioja</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-2"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13624">ojims</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-3"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13628">sneep</a></li></ul></div><div class="sharethis-buttons"><div class="sharethis-wrapper"><span st_url="http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue61/callaghan-et-al" st_title="How to Publish Data Using Overlay Journals: The OJIMS Project" class="st_facebook_button" displayText="facebook"></span>
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<div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-5 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Issue number: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/category/issue-number/issue61">issue61</a></li></ul></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-6 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Article type: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/category/article-type/feature-article">feature article</a></li></ul></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-4 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Buzz: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/category/buzz/data">data</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-1"><a href="/category/buzz/software">software</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-2"><a href="/category/buzz/rdf">rdf</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-3"><a href="/category/buzz/framework">framework</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-4"><a href="/category/buzz/wiki">wiki</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-5"><a href="/category/buzz/web-browser">web browser</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-6"><a href="/category/buzz/open-source">open source</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-7"><a href="/category/buzz/database">database</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-8"><a href="/category/buzz/dissemination">dissemination</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-9"><a href="/category/buzz/xml">xml</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-10"><a href="/category/buzz/infrastructure">infrastructure</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-11"><a href="/category/buzz/archives">archives</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-12"><a href="/category/buzz/xslt">xslt</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-13"><a href="/category/buzz/metadata">metadata</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-14"><a href="/category/buzz/dublin-core">dublin core</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-15"><a href="/taxonomy/term/136">browser</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-16"><a href="/taxonomy/term/138">identifier</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-17"><a href="/taxonomy/term/153">schema</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-18"><a href="/taxonomy/term/158">web app</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-19"><a href="/category/buzz/repositories">repositories</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-20"><a href="/taxonomy/term/167">eprints</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-21"><a href="/taxonomy/term/168">copyright</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-22"><a href="/taxonomy/term/169">open access</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-23"><a href="/taxonomy/term/170">data management</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-24"><a href="/taxonomy/term/171">video</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-25"><a href="/taxonomy/term/172">flickr</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-26"><a href="/taxonomy/term/174">programming language</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-27"><a href="/taxonomy/term/175">python</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-28"><a href="/taxonomy/term/176">preservation</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-29"><a href="/taxonomy/term/177">oai-pmh</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-30"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1535">data set</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-31"><a href="/taxonomy/term/1563">search technology</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-32"><a href="/taxonomy/term/6955">podcast</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-33"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13908">xml schema</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-34"><a href="/taxonomy/term/13909">open archives initiative</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-35"><a href="/taxonomy/term/15595">research</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-36"><a href="/taxonomy/term/15864">standards</a></li></ul></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-1 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above clearfix"><h3 class="field-label">Authors: </h3><ul class="links"><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-0"><a href="/category/authors/sarah-callaghan">sarah callaghan</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-1"><a href="/category/authors/sam-pepler">sam pepler</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-2"><a href="/category/authors/fiona-hewer">fiona hewer</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-3"><a href="/category/authors/paul-hardaker">paul hardaker</a></li><li class="taxonomy-term-reference-4"><a href="/category/authors/alan-gadian">alan gadian</a></li></ul></div><div class="field field-name-field-pub-datestamp-article field-type-datestamp field-label-inline clearfix"><div class="field-label">Date published:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><span class="date-display-single">Fri, 10/30/2009</span></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-issue-number-article field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Issue 61</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-guid-article field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">issue61_callaghan_et_al</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-pub-url-article field-type-text field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue61/callaghan-et-al/</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-copyright-article field-type-text-long field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p>This article has been published under copyright; please see our <a href="/about/copyright">access terms and copyright</a> guidance regarding use of content from this article. See also our explanations of <a href="/citations">how to cite <em>Ariadne</em> articles</a> for examples of bibliographic format.</p>
</div></div></div>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 00:00:00 +0000editor1508 at http://www.ariadne.ac.uk