Slides in this set

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Atomic RadiusDecreases because..· the positive charge of the nucleus increases (one extra proton) but the amount of shielding from the electrons doesn't (they get added to the same energy level), therefore the nucleus attracts the electrons more strongly than they repel each other, drawing them closer in.…read more

Slide 4

Slide 5

Ionisation EnergyGenerally increases because the nuclear charge is increasing andelectrons are being added to the same energy level ­ attractedmore strongly - need more energy to remove outermost electron.Exceptions:· Magnesium Aluminium ­ ionisation energy decreases because the outermost electron for Aluminium is in the p orbital which is lower than the outermost electron in Magnesium which is in the s orbital ­ less energy needed to remove it.· Phosphorus Sulphur ­ less energy is needed to remove one of the paired electrons from the sulphur because of the repulsion between paired electrons which counteracts the nuclear pull…read more

Slide 6

Structure and BondingSodium Aluminium:· All have metallic bonding· Becomes stronger from Na to Al because : - the charge on the metal ion increases - the size of the ion decreases so charge density increases - number of delocalised electrons in the charge cloud increasesTherefore the boiling and melting points increase…read more

Slides in this set

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Atomic RadiusDecreases because..· the positive charge of the nucleus increases (one extra proton) but the amount of shielding from the electrons doesn't (they get added to the same energy level), therefore the nucleus attracts the electrons more strongly than they repel each other, drawing them closer in.…read more

Slide 4

Slide 5

Ionisation EnergyGenerally increases because the nuclear charge is increasing andelectrons are being added to the same energy level ­ attractedmore strongly - need more energy to remove outermost electron.Exceptions:· Magnesium Aluminium ­ ionisation energy decreases because the outermost electron for Aluminium is in the p orbital which is lower than the outermost electron in Magnesium which is in the s orbital ­ less energy needed to remove it.· Phosphorus Sulphur ­ less energy is needed to remove one of the paired electrons from the sulphur because of the repulsion between paired electrons which counteracts the nuclear pull…read more

Slide 6

Structure and BondingSodium Aluminium:· All have metallic bonding· Becomes stronger from Na to Al because : - the charge on the metal ion increases - the size of the ion decreases so charge density increases - number of delocalised electrons in the charge cloud increasesTherefore the boiling and melting points increase…read more