Lawyer says Congressional blessing of Prop 123 not retroactive

The attorney for the man who sued to overturn Proposition 123 said Tuesday he’s not buying the argument by Gov. Doug Ducey that last week’s congressional action makes the withdrawal of more than $344 million from the state education trust retroactively legal.

Andrew Jacob conceded that language, buried in the much larger federal omnibus budget bill, does specifically ratify the 2016 vote to dip into the body of the account to provide more money for schools through 2025. And Jacob, who represents Michael Pierce, who filed the original lawsuit in 2016, said that likely frees the state to make future distributions.

But that doesn’t deal with the fact the state already had given the money to schools by the time Congress gave its blessing.

“The language of the statute on its face doesn’t have any retroactive language,” he told Capitol Media Services. “And without that, there’s a strong presumption that it’s not retroactive.”

That’s not the position being taken by Ducey who put the package together to settle a lawsuit filed by schools after the state illegally ignored the provisions of a 2000 ballot measure requiring aid to be increased each year to match inflation.

Jacob said there may be an argument that the new federal legislation effectively blesses all the payments made in the interim. He said he and his client will make a decision, probably by the end of the week, whether to ask U.S. District Court Judge Neil Wake to rule on that question of whether a federal law dated March, 23, 2018 can affect a vote taken May 17, 2016.

It isn’t just Jacob who contends it’s too late now to salvage the $344 million in payments made the first two years of Proposition 123 plus any cash paid out so far this current school year.

Jeff DeWit

“It may fix it going forward,” state Treasurer Jeff DeWit said Tuesday.

“Congress actually has to overtly state it is retroactive,” he said. “It does not do that.”

And if Wake concludes they’re right, that leaves the question of how to get the money back.

Congress gave Arizona 10 million acres of federal land when it became a state in 1912. Most of that was earmarked for public education, with the idea being that proceeds from the sale or lease would go into a trust. The beneficiaries — in this case, public schools — would get interest from trust earnings.

In 2010, facing a deficit, lawmakers voted to ignore the provision in Proposition 301 to adjust state aid annually to compensate for inflation. Three years later the Arizona Supreme Court, ruling in a lawsuit filed by schools and education groups, said that move was illegal.

That, however, did not end the case, sending it back to a trial judge to figure out how much schools were owed.

Rather than wait and take the risk, the plaintiffs agreed to a deal offered by Ducey: Take something less now. And Ducey, unwilling to raise taxes to finance the $3.5 billion, 10-year plan, decided to finance most of it by dipping into the trust.

That, Wake ruled Monday, was illegal as the state did not first get permission from Congress.

The March 23 federal legislation may solve that going forward. But that still leaves what already was spent — and how to recoup it.

Jacob said this is a tricky area of law.

“You can’t sue the state in federal court,” he said. What federal judges can do, Jacob said, is enjoin illegal conduct by state officials.

And with the money already gone, he said, that leaves the option of blocking the state from making future distributions “until such time they replenish what they took out.”

That, however, has severe implications for schools which have put together budgets assuming the dollars will be there.

Less clear is what happens if the state stops making payments, even for a little while.

The deal that ended the schools’ lawsuit against the state promises the money will be there through 2025. And that could mean the state is on the hook, even if it can’t get the money from the trust account.

That, however, could blow a big hole in the state budget which at the moment is precariously balanced, with anticipated revenues closely matching anticipated expenses.

Scarpinato, speaking for Ducey, said he doesn’t think it will come to that, insisting that Wake is legally off base.

“We dispute in the strongest possible terms all of the judge’s findings,” he said. And Scarpinato vowed a legal fight of any order to replenish the trust.

“There is no way we will allow one federal judge to undo the will of Arizona and all of its institutions,” he said.

House passes budget package, Senate goes home Just a few hours after saying she was “bound and determined” to pass a budget Friday night, Senate President Karen Fann sent senators home for the night without voting on an $11.8 billion spending plan.May 25, 2019 , 5:31 am

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