End To End Encryption With Quantum Security

One of the most irritating and zombie-like myths about cloud computing is that of its inherent lack of security. Media touts, platform competitors and other naysayers like to wax lyrical about the “risk” to your data from storing or even processing it in the cloud – most of which is complete nonsense. We’ll be addressing some of these myths in more detail before long, so keep your eyes peeled.

In the meantime, scientists at Vienna’s Vienna Centre for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ) (part of the University of Vienna) have developed what they claim is an end to end encryption technique using quantum mechanics. In essence, it means you can send data for processing to a cloud environment without it ever being decrypted.

You read that right – this security scheme would allow you to ship data to a remote system to have processing and calculations performed on it while it is still encrypted, meaning at no time does anyone – human or machine – have access to your raw data. Security like that would go a long way toward eliminating all concern for remote data security in the cloud.

Qubits and Pieces

The concept is called “Blind Quantum Computing”, and it works on the principles of quantum entanglement. The key word here is “Blind”, as the method allows operations to be performed on data packets without the quantum computer ever knowing the contents.

Using photons to encode the data, the VCQ researchers managed to stage a successful experimental demonstration of the process tied to the Google Docs API. Unfortunately the full paper is restricted behind a paywall so you’ll need to get yourself an account to read it first hand, but the gist of it is this:

The scheme works on the Qubit level, with the user preparing qubits in a particular state – this state is kept to himself, and is the quantum equivalent of a passphrase. These qubits are then entangled by the quantum computer using a standardized method.

Specific instructions enabling the quantum computer to process the data are also sent to the quantum computer as qubits – these instructions are tailored specifically to the particular state of each qubit. Once the computer receives both, processing is performed.

The clever part is that the nature of quantum mechanics allows the quantum computer to perform computations on your data without ever knowing what it is. Anyone trying to sniff the data or even having access to the quantum computer itself can get at nothing, without knowing the initial quantum state the user specified.

In their demonstration, the scientists performed an “experimental demonstration of quantum mechanics in which the input, data processing and the output remain unknown to the quantum computer”. According to the scientists, during this demonstration of the first known quantum computation, the user’s data stayed perfectly encrypted.

“The experimental demonstration uses photons, or ‘light particles’ to encode the data,” the team said. “Photonic systems are well-suited to the task because quantum computation operations can be performed on them, and they can be transmitted over long distances.”

This has only been made possible by several other recent research advancements however, and generally speaking quantum computing is still a very limited arena, restricted mostly to the research and experimental domain at the moment, so it could be some time before we see an encryption scheme like this in the wild.

The development is exciting and should provide powerful new options in the future, although one can’t help wondering if future tech support centers may need to employ physics teachers to explain the process.

A writer and software developer of more than 14 years experience, Toby is passionate about helping new and small businesses make the most of the internet and cloud technology. When he's not writing or telling stories he's busy trying to make technology easier to use for the average business person, and can often be found in dark corners practicing magic tricks or lock sport.