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The story of Anthony Rogers inAmazing Storiescaught the attention of John F. Dille, president of the National Newspaper Service syndicate, and he arranged for Nowlan to turn it into a strip forsyndication. The character was given the nickname Buck, and some have suggested that Dille coined that name based on the 1920s cowboy actor,Buck Jones.[2]On January 7, 1929, theBuck Rogers in the 25th Century A.D.comic strip debuted. Coincidentally, this was also the date that theTarzancomic strip began. The first three frames of the series set the scene for Buck's 'leap' 500 years into Earth's future:I was 20 years old when they stopped the world war and mustered me out of the air service. I got a job surveying the lower levels of an abandoned mine nearPittsburgh, in which the atmosphere had a peculiar pungent tang and the crumbling rock glowed strangely. I was examining it when suddenly the roof behind me caved in and...Buck is rendered unconscious, and a strange gas preserves him in a suspended animation or coma state. He awakens and emerges from the mine in 2429 A.D., in the midst of another war.After rescuing Wilma, he proves his identity by showing her his American Legion button. She then explains how the Mongol Reds emerged from the Gobi desert to conquer Asia and Europe and then attacked America starting with that"big idol holding a torch". Using their disintegrator beams, they easily defeated the army and navy and wiped out Washington, D.C. in three hours. As the people fled the cities, the Mongols built new cities on the ruins of the major cities. The Mongols left the Americans to fend for themselves as their advanced technology prevented the need for slave labor. The scattered Americans formed loosely bound organizations or "orgs" to begin to fight back.Wilma takes Buck back to the Alleghany org in what was once Philadelphia. The leaders don't believe his story at first but after undergoing electro-hypnotic tests, they believe him and admit him into their group.[3]On March 30, 1930, aSunday stripjoined the Buck Rogersdaily strip. There was, as yet, no established convention for the same character having different adventures in the Sunday strip and the daily strip (many newspapers carried one but not the other), so the Sunday strip at first followed the adventures of Buck's young friend Buddy Deering, Wilma Deering's younger brother, and Buddy's girlfriend Alura, later joined by Black Barney. It was some time before Buck made his first appearance in a Sunday strip. Other prominent characters in the strip included Dr. Huer, who punctuated his speech with the exclamation, "Heh!", the villainous Killer Kane, his paramour Ardala and Black Barney, who began as a space pirate but later became Buck's friend and ally.Like many popular comic strips of the day, Buck Rogers was reprinted inBig Little Books; illustrated text adaptations of the daily strip stories; and in aBuck Rogerspop-up book."Buck Rogers" operating the controls of a remotely piloted "air ball".Amazing Stories(March 1929).Nowlan is credited with the idea of serializing Buck Rogers, based on his novelArmageddon 2419and itsAmazing Storiessequels. Nowlan approached John Dille, who saw the opportunity to serialize the stories as a newspaper comic strip. Dick Calkins, an advertising artist, drew the earliest daily strips, and Russell Keaton drew the earliest Sunday strips. The author ofBuck Rogerstold the inventorR. Buckminster Fullerin 1930 that "he frequently used [Fuller's] concepts for his cartoons".[4]Keaton wanted to switch to drawing another strip written by Calkins,Skyroads, so the syndicate advertised for an assistant and hiredRick Yagerin 1932. Yager had formal art training at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts and was a talented watercolor artist; all the strips were done in ink and watercolor. Yager also had connections with the Chicago newspaper industry, since his father, Charles Montross Yager, was the publisher ofThe Modern Miller; Rick Yager was at one time employed to write the "Auntie's Advice" column for his father's newspaper. Yager quickly moved from inker and writer of theBuck Rogers"sub-strip" (early Sunday strips had a small sub-strip running below) to writer and artist of the Sunday strip and eventually the daily strips.Authorship of early strips is extremely difficult to ascertain. The signatures at the bottoms of the strips are not accurate indicators of authorship; Calkins' signature appears long after his involvement ended, and few of the other artists signed the artwork, while many pages are unsigned. Yager probably had complete control ofBuck RogersSunday strips from about 1940 on, with Len Dworkins joining later as assistant. Dick Locher was also an assistant in the 1950s. For all of its reference to modern technology, the strip itself was produced in an old-fashioned manner—all strips began as India ink drawings on Strathmore paper, and a smaller duplicate (sometimes redrawn by hand) was hand-colored with watercolors. Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, has an extensive collection of original artwork. The strip's artists also worked on a variety of tie-in promotions such as comic books, toys and model rockets.The relations between the artists of the strip (Yager et al.) and the owners of the strip (the Syndicate) became acrimonious, and in mid-1958, the artists quit. (SeeTime, June 30, 1958.)Murphy Andersonwas a temporary replacement, but he did not stay long.George Tuskabegan drawing the strip in 1959 and remained until the final installment of the original comic strip, which was published on 8 July 1967.Revived in 1979 byGray MorrowandJim Lawrence, the strip was retitledBuck Rogers in the 25th Centuryin 1980. Long-time comic book writerCary Batessigned on in 1981, continuing until the strip's 1983 finale.