9810620160611082326.0scholarprimocentraldriveroai:ddd.uab.cat:98106oai:www.recercat.cat:2072/172874eng3337Garcia-Pérez, J. IgnacioUniversidad Pablo de OlavideDoes grade retention affect achievement? Some evidence from PISAXarxa de Referència en Economia Aplicada (XREAP)201150 p.Grade retention practices are at the forefront of the educational debate. In this paper, we use PISA 2009 data for Spain to measure the effect of grade retention on students achievement. One important problem when analyzing this question is that school outcomes and the propensity to repeat a grade are likely to be determined simultaneously. We address this problem by estimating a Switching Regression Model. We find that grade retention has a negative impact on educational outcomes, but we confi rm the importance of endogenous selection, which makes observed differences between repeaters and non-repeaters appear 14.6% lower than they actually are. The effect on PISA scores of repeating is much smaller (-10% of non-repeaters average) than the counterfactual reduction that non-repeaters would suffer had they been retained as repeaters (-24% of their average). Furthermore, those who repeated a grade during primary education suffered more than those who repeated a grade of secondary school, although the effect of repeating at both times is, as expected, much larger.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAquest document està subjecte a una llicència d'ús Creative Commons. Es permet la reproducció total o parcial i la comunicació pública de l'obra, sempre que no sigui amb finalitats comercials, i sempre que es reconegui l'autoria de l'obra original. No es permet la creació d'obres derivades.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/Anglès.Grade retentionEducational scoresPISAAcademic achievementProgramme for International Student AssessmentRendiment acadèmicinfo:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaperHidalgo-Hidalgo, MarisaUniversidad Pablo de OlavideRobles-Zurita, José AntonioUniversidad Pablo de OlavideXarxa de Referència en Economia Aplicada (XREAP)Documents de treball de la Xarxa de Referència en Economia Aplicada (XREAP)hdl_2072_13171XREAP ;2011-1850308986http://ddd.uab.cat/pub/estudis/2011/hdl_2072_172874/XREAP2011-18.pdfAdreça alternativahttp://hdl.handle.net/2072/172874ESTUDISUABDDD id98106filenameXREAP2011-18.pdffile0MD51735de78720b03d020064cce36e7d8bd308986bytestream1.6filepathpub/estudis/2011/hdl_2072_172874/XREAP2011-18.pdfdisk