Applied Hydrology Associates, Inc. (AHA), a Colorado
Corporation founded in 1982, provides innovative hydrological, engineering, and
legal support services to private industry throughout the United States and
abroad.

Our clients represent companies in the mining,
manufacturing, chemical, and energy industries and include small companies, Fortune
500 corporations, and law firms. The following is a sampling of selected
clients: Lyondell Chemical, Shell Exploration and Production Company, Atlantic
Richfield Company, BHPBilliton, Devon Energy,
Evergreen Resources and Williams Production.

AHA operates out of its main offices in Denver,
Colorado and from branch offices in Houston, Texas, Trinidad, Colorado and
Gillette, Wyoming.

AHA has developed a solid reputation for thorough,
well-planned, and cost effective services.

AHA has anchored its reputation on the active
participation of its principals in every project. Efficiency, innovation, and
responsiveness make AHA stand out from other consulting companies. The
industrial experience and technical knowledge of our principals are key to understanding
and focusing on client needs. This combination allows AHA to provide quality
management and technical skills in a cost-effective manner.

Corporate Experience By Special Item Number (SIN)

SIN 899-1: ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING SERVICES &
DOCUMENTATION

Applied Hydrology Associates,
Inc. (AHA) staff has extensive experience in the hydrologic components of
Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and Assessments (EA), other natural
resource studies, and related risk assessments. Hydrologic issues have been at
the heart of several such documents, particularly those related to mining and
energy (particularly coal-bed methane [CBM]) development. AHA has prepared
hydrologic models and technical documents assessing the hydrologic impacts of
energy development for five major Western basins (San Juan,
Uinta, Piceance, Carbon, and Powder River).
AHA also developed work plans, performed model and scenario selection, and
completed initial calibration of an integrated surface water-groundwater model,
simulating post closure changes in the water balance at DOE’s Rocky Flats
former nuclear weapons plant.

Hydrogeologic modeling

Hydrogeologic modeling is
applicable to 3 SINs (899-1 and 899-4) and is used extensively for
environmental planning. Applied Hydrology Associates has extensive experience
in analytical and numerical modeling to evaluate ground water flow and quality.
Modeling is used to analyze existing hydrogeologic conditions, and predict
impacts of engineered interventions such as dewatering yield and drawdown and
remedial design.

Specific planning studies have included:

Definition of existing flow patterns, and water
balance

Analysis of hydrologic testing

Prediction of ground water inflow to mines, and
mining impacts on regional aquifers

Design of mine overburden dewatering systems

PowderRiver
Basin EIS AHA evaluated probable
groundwater impacts associated with coal-bed methane development in the Powder
River Basin of Wyoming. This work was performed as part of the comprehensive
EIS conducted for the BLM in cooperation with the major CBM producers. AHA
developed an eight-layer MODFLOW numerical model of the PRB to simulate impacts
under various CBM development scenarios. Predicted potentiometric drawdown in
coal was used to assess methane desorption potential. Groundwater quality
issues were also addressed. AHA performed transient groundwater flow modeling
of the PowderRiver Basin to determine the cumulative
impacts of surface mining and CBM development of the Upper Fort Union coals.
Over 50,000 CBM wells are scheduled to be installed and developed in the Wyoming portion of the
PRB over the next 10 years. This work was performed as part of the Wyoming PRB
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for CBM development.

San
JuanBasin CBM
Planning AHA performed two elements of the Colorado Oil and Gas
Conservation Commission’s San
JuanBasin
3M (Mapping, Monitoring, and Modeling) project. The monitoring element involved
the design, and construction supervision of four clusters of groundwater
elevation and gas pressure monitoring wells, up to 1,600 feet deep, screened in
the main CBM-producing zone. Data from these wells are collected remotely using
telemetry. For the modeling element, AHA developed a steady-state groundwater
model for the entire San JuanBasin representing
pre-CBM development conditions and water balance. Included in our study were:
(1) evaluation of outcrop recharge based on chloride balance;
(2) evaluation of natural isotopes as recharge indicators and dating
tools; (3) compilation and simplification of formation stratigraphy and
structure; (4) integration of reservoir modeling derived aquifer parameters;
(5) calibration against historic formation pressures and stream discharge
rates; and (6) assessment of cross-formation flow rates and surface water
discharge mechanisms.

PHC Modeling of Mine Inflows and Impacts AHA
determined the probable hydrologic consequences of underground coal development
projects in the San Juan Basin of Northwestern New Mexico, in the four-corners
area and in Montana.
We performed extensive groundwater modeling to predict mine inflows and impacts
on the groundwater system. This modeling typically incorporated anticipated
increased permeabilities associated with subsidence above the mine workings.

Ferron Sandstone CBM EIS As part of the Ferron
Sandstone CBM EIS study, AHA performed transient groundwater flow modeling of
the coal aquifer in Utah’s Uinta Basin to determine the cumulative
impacts of 870 operating CBM wells on the groundwater system over the next 40
years.

Hydrologic Analysis and Testing

AHA’s planning services
also include hydrologic analysis and testing for input into planning documents.

Bluewater Uranium Mill Site
AHA prepared the Alternate Concentration Limit (ACL) petition for the Bluewater
Uranium Mill, near Grants, NM. This is the first and only ACL Petition that has
been approved by NRC and was a key milestone for termination of ground water
corrective action and transfer of the site to DOE for perpetual care. This
effort included development of risk-based concentrations for hazardous
constituents at the potential points of exposure in the alluvial and bedrock
aquifers, and ground water transport modeling to relate concentrations at the
compliance points to the potential points of exposure.

AHA also developed the ground
water corrective action programs, prepared the evaluation of ground water
corrective action programs, including wick drainage of tailings slimes, and
provided technical support on hydrologic aspects of the reclamation plan. Other
work at the site has included: preparation of monitoring plans for on-site
disposal of PCB contaminated by-product material, preparation of well
abandonment plans, report review, interpretation of data, participation in
strategy development, and presentations to regulatory agencies.

Colony Oil Shale Project AHA
personnel completed the hydrologic characterization, analyzed mining and spent
shale disposal impacts, and designed monitoring programs for the Colony Shale
Oil Project in NW Colorado. A detailed testing program was performed for
evaluating vertical and lateral characteristics within a fractured,
multi-aquifer system in order to predict mine inflows and groundwater impacts.
AHA also performed an evaluation of tributary and non-tributary water for a
water rights assessment for the project.

Piceance
Basin, Colorado An
extensive hydrology well test program was performed to support regional
groundwater modeling and aquifer dewatering research in the PiceanceBasin
in northwestern Colorado.
The 9-month field program involved 59 single and 20 multiple well step-tests,
24- to 48-hr constant-rate tests, recovery tests, and water quality sample
collection from five water-bearing zones. Three pressure transducers and an
automatic data logger were used to measure and record aquifer system pressure
responses above, within, and below each pumping test zone isolated in test
wells by a straddle packer system. Test well depths ranged between 1,100 and
2,200 feet, and metered pumping rates ranged from 1 to 28 gpm.

AHA performed similar analysis and
testing, including gas production rate tests, for projects in the PowderRiver Basin
and CarbonBasin.

AHA has assisted mine operations
in developing water supplies, designing surface water controls, treating mine
water discharges, determining mine inflows for both surface and underground
mines, and designing mine and overburden dewatering systems.

Caballo Mine, Wyoming
AHA designed and installed a 2,200 gpm dewatering system that successfully
lowered water levels adjacent to a proposed mine pit. Pumped water was piped
and re-injected into another bedrock unit to artificially recharge the
groundwater used for water supply at the mine.

Belle Ayr Mine, Wyoming
AHA worked with Cyprus-AMAX to design and implement an innovative overburden
dewatering system at the Belle Ayr mine in Wyoming to improve highwall
stability and operational efficiency. This effort included developing a
comprehensive ground water flow model for the mine vicinity.

Surface Water Studies

AHA has conducted a wide variety
of surface water studies, including modeling urban and rural stormwater runoff
and water quality sampling. AHA performed salinity control studies to comply
with the Regulations for Implementation of the Colorado River Salinity
Standards through the NPDES Permit Program for several coal-mining sites in Colorado. AHA also
determined non-tributary water sources in developing water supplies for mining
operations and participated in the preparation of water augmentation plans to
protect water rights that could be impacted by mining.

AHA completed studies on the
cumulative water quality impacts of planned CBM development in the Powder River
Basin of Wyoming for a consortium of operators. These studies addressed
concerns about potential increases in sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), salinity
and other water quality constituents in the main stem streams in Northeastern Wyoming. The studies have included
statistical evaluations of baseline conditions and detailed modeling of water
quality based on tributary inflows and geochemical changes. AHA developed and
managed a tributary monitoring program that measures flow and water quality
contributions to main stem streams so that actual cumulative impacts can be
evaluated.

AHA personnel developed an urban
surface hydrology model that showed the impacts of urbanization on a trout
stream near Afton, MN. The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment
Tool) model was interfaced with ESRI’s ArcViewâ. Scenarios from
high-density (i.e. apartments and town homes) to five-acre developments with
and without retention ponds were analyzed for sediment load and runoff.

Personnel from AHA were involved
in a runoff study on urban lawns in the Twin Cities, MN that required the
development of surface runoff capturing units. Runoff was analyzed for total
phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, TSS, and total nitrogen. This study
was the catalyst for many municipalities, and finally the Minnesota House of
Representatives and Senate (HF1524/SF1555), to restrict the use of
phosphorus-based fertilizers in the Twin Cities Metro Area.

AHA is currently working on an
evaluation of a potential BMP for urban stormwater. This evaluation consists of
collecting inlet and outlet water flow from a stormwater sewer using a doppler
flow sensor, a rain gauge, and a water quality sampler.

RCRA Compliance

AHA personnel have been involved in
permitting RCRA Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities
since adoption of the RCRA regulations in 1980. We have prepared Part B permits
for soil and wastewater treatment facilities at chemical plants and research
facilities. AHA personnel have assisted clients on RCRA compliance for both
permitted and interim status facilities. Our RCRA compliance activities have
included:

Detection and
Compliance Monitoring & Reporting

Statistical
Evaluation and Revision of Statistical Significance Test

Interim Status
Ground Water Quality Assessments

Alternate
Concentration Limit Petitions

RCRA Feasibility
Investigations

RCRA Corrective
Action

Research Lab, Tucson, AZ
AHA personnel developed the SAP and performed RCRA monitoring of a hazardous
waste treatment, storage, and disposal (TSD) facility at the former Anaconda
Research Lab. We also developed and implemented the closure plans for this
facility.

Channelview Chemical Plant AHA
developed the geologic investigation and the sampling and analysis plans for
the RCRA Part B Permit application for several treatment facilities at the
Channelview Chemical Plant near Houston,
Texas. We have conducted RCRA
monitoring and reporting for these facilities under both interim status and
final permit status. We also assisted the client in obtaining a minimum
technology wavier for one of the facilities.

AHA has also conducted RCRA
Feasibility Investigations and Groundwater Corrective Action at this chemical
plant. Corrective Action included an in-situ bioremediation system for
chlorinated VOCs in ground water at this site. We are currently directing the
operation of the ground water remedial system and tracking and documenting
remediation progress

Bluewater Mill Site AHA
developed the ground water corrective action programs and prepared the annual evaluation
reports of ground water corrective action for the ARCO’s Bluewater
Uranium Mill near Grants, New Mexico.
The ground water protection regulations for Title II facilities parallel the
RCRA ground water protection regulations.

AHA also prepared the Alternate
Concentration Limit (ACL) petition for this facility. This is the first and
only ACL Petition which has been approved by NRC and was a key milestone for
closure of this site and transfer to DOE for perpetual care. This effort
included development of risk based concentrations for hazardous constituents at
the potential points in the alluvial and bedrock aquifers, and ground water
transport modeling to relate concentrations at the compliance points to the
potential points of exposure.

Mining Related Permitting Activities

AHA’s senior staff has been
involved in permitting coal-mining operations since adoption of the Surface
Mining Control and Reclamation Act in 1977. We maintain a thorough working
knowledge of State and Federal regulations. AHA has performed a number of
baseline studies, alluvial valley floor (AVF) investigations, and probable
hydrologic consequences (PHC) assessments in support of mine permit
applications at over 20 mining operations in the Western
US. We have evaluated the hydrologic impacts of longwall mining
and associated subsidence, and have developed mitigation measures to protect
surface and ground water resources. AHA has also prepared annual hydrologic
reports for coal mining operations in Colorado
and Wyoming.

Jackpile Mine Reclamation
AHA personnel developed a reclamation plan for the Jackpile Mine, New Mexico
that minimized the amount of pit backfilling and associated reclamation costs
and improved post-mining land use. The plan included a water impoundment in the
mine pit. Water diversions were included to increase flows to the impoundment
and an outlet tunnel was designed to reduce the volume and surface area of the
impoundment. This minimized evaporation loss and helped maintain acceptable
water quality in the reclamation impoundment and in the discharge.

Rico-Argentine Mine AHA
negotiated water quality based effluent limits with the Colorado Dept. of
Health for the discharge from the St. Louis Mine Adit at this site. We
assembled and interpreted streamflow, water quality, and in-situ biomonitoring
data on the Dolores River to identify the sources of metals loading and to
support development of site specific water quality based permit limits for the
treated mine discharge. Water quality evaluations were performed for seasonal
flows and for the critical 7-day, 10-year low flow condition. We also managed
environmental studies on the project prior to the sale of the site, including
investigation of tailings stabilization and long term solutions including adit
plugging.

Bull
Mountains, MontanaAHA
developed hydrologic interpretations in support of the permit for a longwall
coal mining project in the BullMountains, Montana.
This work included an assessment of potential impacts of mine dewatering and
mine subsidence on surface and ground water resources. The analyses included a
water balance and transient modeling to predict ground water drawdowns, mine
inflow rates, and mine pool fill rates.

Various mines, CO, UT, WY
AHA has conducted AVF investigations delineating the extent of unconsolidated
stream-laid deposits and determining flood irrigation and subirrigation
potential at a number of mines, including the Bull Mountains Mine in Montana,
the Black Thunder and Coal Creek Mines in Wyoming, the Alton Coal Mine in Utah,
and the Mt. Gunnison Mine in Colorado. AHA also designed and implemented
hydrogeologic studies in support of a permit for underground coal gasification
within steeply dipping beds in Wyoming.
A groundwater restoration plan was developed based on inoculation of burn
cavities with sulfate-reducing bacteria.

Coal Bed Methane Permitting and Compliance

AHA has provided permitting
support, environmental compliance auditing and monitoring, database development
and management, technical support for water disposal options, and engineering
solutions to water quality issues for CBM operators in the Powder River and RatonBasins
since 1997.

AHA assists operators in
developing water management plans to address how produced water will be handled
at CBM developments. This includes permitting with BLM and state agencies for
surface discharge of produced water under the NPDES and stormwater programs to
mitigate impacts to stream channels and related structures. For water
management by deep well injection, AHA has completed Class II permit
applications and presented aquifer exemption arguments at Oil and Gas
Commission public hearings on behalf of CBM operators. AHA also designs
impoundments and provides construction management. In Wyoming, over the past 3 years, AHA has submitted
17 BLM water management plans, 55 NPDES permits, and 250 reservoir designs.

Surface Water Monitoring

AHA personnel have experience in
water quality sampling and hydrological data collection. AHA has sampled lakes
for total phosphorus, total nitrogen, ammonia, hardness, chlorophyll, and fecal
coliform. One site, the 14,500-acre LakeMinnetonka, was sampled
in 18 of its bays for two years. The resulting data was used by Hennepin Parks
to assess the relative health of certain bays. In northeast Wyoming
and in southeast Colorado,
AHA personnel sample streams on a monthly basis for dissolved iron, sodium
adsorption ratio, total barium, specific conductivity, and many other
parameters for compliance with discharge standards.

Design of Stream Channels, Diversions, and Erosion and Sedimentation
Controls

AHA has designed and supervised
construction of sediment ponds, alternate sediment control structures, stream
diversions and stabilized stream channels in Colorado,
New Mexico, Utah,
and Wyoming. The
design procedures involved the application of geomorphic regime theory and the
use of various surface water hydrology and erosion and sediment transport
computer simulation programs. AHA has designed and supervised construction of
stable stream channels and post mining topography in accordance with State and
OSM diversion design and approximate original contour (AOC) regulations and
guidelines. Erosion and sediment controls have been designed to meet applicable
discharge standards for settleable solids using the SEDCAD3+ computer program.

Stream Bank Stabilization

To satisfy mining permit
requirements, AHA designed and oversaw installation of 35 bank side rock veins,
tree planting and reseeding to protect a rail spur along 900 feet of the WilliamsForkRiver.
The design was approved by the US Army Corps of Engineers and the Colorado
Division of Mines and Geology. This approach was the most-cost effective
stabilization method and also improved fish habitat

SIN 899-4: WASTE
MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Abandoned Facility (confidential), Colorado

For a consortium of chemical
processing companies, AHA managed the removal of approximately 2,500 mixed
empty and liquid filled chemical drums from an abandoned recycling facility in Colorado. AHA prepared
bid documents, performed contractor interviews and selection, oversaw site
activities, controlled contractor payments, prepared a detailed report, and
conducted a final walk through with the County’s environmental health
specialist.

BeaverValley Chemical Plant, PA

AHA designed and oversaw
construction of a 2,000 sf drum storage and handling facility, and was
responsible for all non-process plant waste streams, including soil and liquids
from site characterization and remediation activities. AHA characterized wastes
and managed transport to appropriate on- or off-site disposal facilities in
accordance with appropriate regulations and permits.

RCRA cell design, PA and TX

AHA designed and oversaw
construction of three RCRA waste management vaults at two chemicals plants in Pennsylvania and Texas.
AHA also performed field investigations to determine the as-built construction
of a temporary RCRA vault at the Turtle Bayou Superfund Site, Liberty County, Texas,
assessed vault design, containment, and performance, and prepared a plan converting
it to a temporary bioreactor.

Channelview and Bayport Chemical Plants,
TX

AHA assisted in the design of plant waste management
procedures for these two facilities.

Prewitt Superfund Site, NM

AHA was the Supervising Contractor
and Quality Assurance Official (SC/QAO), supervising removal of several wastes,
including: asbestos (handled in accordance with the Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response Act (AHEARA); lead-impacted soils (analyzed on site using a portable
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer); and hydrocarbon-impacted soils. Asbestos
and lead wastes, plus the hydrocarbon liquid waste stream from remediation
operations, and listed waste (FO-37 separator sludges) were shipped off-site.
AHA designed an onsite land-farming system for hydrocarbon-impacted soils and
was SC/QAO for construction, treatment, and closure. AHA also performed final
confirmatory sampling to confirm waste removal.

Bluewater Uranium Mill (mine waste) Site, NM

AHA prepared the Alternate
Concentration Limit (ACL) petition for the Bluewater Uranium Mill, near Grants,
NM. This is the first and only ACL Petition that has been approved by NRC and
was a key milestone for termination of ground water corrective action and
transfer of the site to DOE for perpetual care. This effort included
development of risk-based concentrations for hazardous constituents at the
potential points of exposure in the alluvial and bedrock aquifers, and ground
water transport modeling to relate concentrations at the compliance points to
the potential points of exposure.

AHA also developed the ground
water corrective action programs, prepared the evaluation of ground water
corrective action programs, including wick drainage of tailings slimes, and
provided technical support on hydrologic aspects of the reclamation plan. Other
work at the site has included: preparation of monitoring plans for on-site
disposal of PCB contaminated by-product material, preparation of well
abandonment plans, report review, interpretation of data, participation in
strategy development, and presentations to regulatory agencies.

Yerington Mine and Mill (mine waste) Site

AHA evaluated surface and ground
water impacts and remedial options at the closed Yerington mine and milling
operation in Nevada.
This work involved monitoring well completion, sampling of soils and waste
materials, geophysical investigations, hydrologic testing, groundwater
sampling, and isotope studies. Numerical modeling was used to characterize
groundwater flows and contaminant migration, to predict future conditions, and
to evaluate the effectiveness of remedial alternatives.

We are currently responsible for
the operation and maintenance of the ground water remediation system. We also
completed the design and construction for an expansion of the ground water
containment system to adapt to the changing hydrogeologic conditions resulting
from water pumping and irrigation in the vicinity of the site. As part of this
work, a clay-lined evaporation pond was designed and installed. We provided
quality assurance and testing for liner installation. All construction was
completed within budget and schedule and constructed treatment systems are
currently operating in accordance with the design.

Rare Earth Mining and Refining

AHA prepared the hydrologic
assessment of contamination from a rare earth mining and refining site at Mountain Pass, California.
The groundwater at this site had been significantly affected by leakage of a
lignin sulfonate chelate from the plant waste ponds and tailings impoundments.
The project involved soil and groundwater sampling, environmental impact
assessment and development of remedial alternatives.

Hydrogeologic modeling

Hydrogeologic modeling is
applicable to 3 SINs (899-1 and 899-4) and is used extensively for waste
management. Applied Hydrology Associates has extensive experience in analytical
and numerical modeling to evaluate ground water flow and quality. Modeling is
used to assess and project processes in place such as chemical fate and
transport and natural attenuation, and predict impacts of engineered
interventions such as remedial design.

Natural Attenuation Modeling

Analytical and numerical
transport models were applied to quantify existing and potential future
contaminant migration from a former petrochemical disposal lagoon at the French
Limited Superfund site near Crosby,
Texas. This work was performed as
part of a human health and ecological risk assessment and to support the
closure of the active remediation system.

The residues from waste disposal
activities formed a chemical-rich sludge layer at the bottom of the
water-filled former pit (lagoon) containing high concentrations of organic
constituents including PAHs, PCBs, chlorinated solvents, and low concentrations
of metals. Infiltration of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) chemicals and
leaching of sludges resulted in widespread contamination of soils and
groundwater in the vicinity of the lagoon.

Multi-component solute transport modeling
was also performed to evaluate the progress of the active in-situ
bioremediation system and to predict future water quality following shutdown of
the active system. This modeling demonstrated that natural attenuation
processes would achieve cleanup objectives within the timeframe dictated by the
EPA Record of Decision. This allowed the project to move into a phase of
low-maintenance intrinsic bioremediation and long-term monitoring, saving the
client several million dollars.

Solute Transport Modeling

AHA designed and managed the
hydraulic containment of groundwater impacted by leakage of acid process fluids
from unlined evaporation ponds at a former copper mining and milling operation
near Yerington, Nevada. We developed a solute transport
model of the site to aid in the characterization of existing impacts, predict
future impacts, and simulate the effectiveness of various remediation
techniques.

Unsaturated Zone Transport Modeling

AHA conducted unsaturated
vertical transport modeling of benzene using SESOIL software for the Turtle
Bayou Superfund Site in Liberty,
Texas. This work was used to
develop the soil cleanup criteria for the site. The results of the modeling
convinced the EPA to allow a less stringent cleanup criterion for benzene in the
shallow soils than had originally been proposed. This change resulted in a
saving in clean-up costs of several million dollars without compromising the
public safety or the environment. Unsaturated zone modeling was also a
component of AHA’s integrated modeling work at the Rocky Flats
Environmental Technology Site.

Modeling of Chemical Transport and Natural Attenuation Processes

AHA conducted fate and transport
modeling of molybdenum and tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) in groundwater for the
Lyondell Chemical facility near Rotterdam,
The Netherlands (LCNL). The model results were part of the site risk assessment
that forms the basis for site remediation efforts. The multi-layer modeling
showed that natural attenuation of TBA and molybdenum was sufficient so that
active remediation efforts at the site were not warranted and that monitoring
was an appropriate approach.

Modeling of Benzene Transport and Natural Attenuation Processes

AHA conducted fate and transport
modeling of benzene in groundwater for the Lyondell Chemical facility near Rieme, Belgium
(LCPEI). The multi-layer modeling showed that natural attenuation processes
occurred rapidly in the shallow aerobic zones and at a slower rate in the
deeper anaerobic zones. The model results were used to argue for a risk-based,
natural attenuation approach to remediation efforts at the site.

AHA has experience using GIS for
many different projects in a variety of applications. This experience includes
interfacing surface and ground water flow and quality models (MIKESHE and
AVSWAT) with a GIS to spatially visualize data. AVSWAT (ArcView Soil and Water
Assessment Tool, USDA ARS) is used to predict sediment load and water quality
over a watershed. The user can create hydrologic watersheds and user defined
hydrologic response units based on soil type and land use.

AHA has utilized GIS in the
preparation of groundwater models for Environmental Impact Statements for Coal
Bed Methane (CBM) development in the PowderRiver Basin, Wyoming, and the San Juan Basin, Colorado.
For integrated surface water–groundwater modeling at the Rocky Flats
Environmental Technology Site (RFETS), Golden, Colorado, GIS was used not only for data
visualization, but also as the model input/output vehicle for AHA’s
MIKESHE simulation software.

Geologic, potentiometric, and
water pressure surfaces were verified in conjunction with the analysis of
surfaces generated from empirical data. Spatial analytical techniques have been
used in pilot studies in the Carbon Basin, WY, to help understand the complex
hydrogeology of the basin’s coal seams.

AHA has extensively used GIS to
spatially visualize water quality in support of CBM development regulatory
permitting. This has allowed AHA personnel to recognize problem areas as well
as potential problem formations, allowing developers insight into future
treatment costs.

GIS has been used to help
characterize and model pollutant plumes and hydrogeologic characteristics on a
number of Superfund sites. The delineation of plumes, potentiometric surfaces, geologic
layers, and the volume of contaminated constituents in ground water have
allowed project managers to make a more informed decision regarding regulatory
requirements and cost analysis.

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