The purpose of the present invention is to reliably perform on-rail management of trains 6A, 6B even in the event of failure of ground base devices 3A, 3B with minimal increase in equipment cost. The wireless train control system 8 controls the trains 6A, 6B on a track on which a track circuit is laid and comprises: ground wireless devices 4A, 4B which wirelessly communicate with the trains 6A, 6B and obtain positional information of the trains 6A, 6B; field devices 5A, 5B which obtain track circuit state information showing whether the track circuit is in an energized state or a de-energized state; ground base devices 3A, 3B which receive the positional information and the track circuit state information and transmit control information to the trains 6A, 6B; and an on-rail management device 1 which receives the positional information and the track circuit state information and manages on-rail information. The ground wireless devices 4A, 4B, the field devices 5A, 5B, and the on-rail management device 1 have transmission paths which are connected thereto so as to bypass the ground base devices 3A, 3B. The on-rail management device 1 is capable of transmitting the control information to the trains 6A, 6B through the transmission paths in the event of failure of the ground base devices 3A, 3B.