Solaraze

WARNINGS

As with other NSAIDs, anaphylactoid reactions may occur in patients without prior exposure to diclofenac. Diclofenac sodium should be given with caution to patients with the aspirin triad. The triad typically occurs in asthmatic patients who experience rhinitis with or without nasal polyps, or who exhibit severe, potentially fatal bronchospasm after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs.

PRECAUTIONS

General

Solaraze® (diclofenac sodium) Gel should be used with caution in patients with active gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding and severe renal or hepatic impairments. Solaraze® should not be applied to open skin wounds, infections, or exfoliative dermatitis. It should not be allowed to come in contact with the eyes.

The safety of the concomitant use of sunscreens, cosmetics or other topical medications and Solaraze® is unknown.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

There did not appear to be any increase in drug-related neoplasms following daily topical applications of diclofenac sodium gel for 2 years at concentrations up to 0.035% diclofenac sodium and 2.5% hyaluronate sodium in albino mice. (Note: Solaraze® contains 3% diclofenac sodium.) When administered orally for 2 years, diclofenac showed no evidence of carcinogenic potential in rats given diclofenac sodium at up to 2 mg/kg/day (3 times the estimated systemic human exposure*), or in mice given diclofenac sodium at up to 0.3 mg/kg/day in males and 1 mg/kg/day in females (25% and 83%, respectively, of the estimated systemic human exposure).

A photococarcinogenicity study with up to 0.035% diclofenac in the Solaraze® vehicle gel was conducted in hairless mice at topical doses up to 2.8 mg/ kg/day. Median tumor onset was earlier in the 0.035% group (Solaraze® contains 3% diclofenac sodium).

Diclofenac was not genotoxic in in vitro point mutation assays in mammalian
mouse lymphoma cells and Ames microbial test systems, or when tested in mammalian
in vivo assays including dominant lethal and male germinal epithelial
chromosomal studies in mice, and nucleus anomaly and chromosomal aberration
studies in Chinese hamsters. It was also negative in the transformation assay
utilizing BALB/3T3 mouse embryo cells.

Fertility studies have not been conducted with Solaraze® Gel. Diclofenac sodium showed no evidence of impairment of fertility after oral treatment with 4 mg/kg/day (7 times the estimated systemic human exposure) in male or female rats.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category B

The safety of Solaraze® (diclofenac sodium) Gel has not been established during pregnancy. However, reproductive studies performed with diclofenac sodium alone at oral doses up to 20 mg/kg/day (15 times the estimated systemic human exposure*) in mice, 10 mg/kg/day (15 times the estimated systemic human exposure) in rats, and 10 mg/kg/day (30 times the estimated systemic human exposure) in rabbits have revealed no evidence of teratogenicity despite the induction of maternal toxicity. In rats, maternally toxic doses were associated with dystocia, prolonged gestation, reduced fetal weights and growth, and reduced fetal survival.

Diclofenac has been shown to cross the placental barrier in mice and rats.
There are, however, no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women.
Because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response,
this drug should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits to the mother
justify the potential risk to the fetus. Because of the risk to the fetus resulting
in premature closure of the ductus arteriosus, diclofenac should be avoided
in late pregnancy.

Labor and Delivery

The effects of diclofenac on labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown. Because of the known effects of prostaglandin-inhibiting drugs on the fetal cardiovascular system (closure of the ductus arteriosus), use of diclofenac during late pregnancy should be avoided and, as with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, it is possible that diclofenac may inhibit uterine contractions and delay parturition.

Nursing Mothers

Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from diclofenac sodium, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use

Actinic keratoses is not a condition seen within the pediatric population. Solaraze® should not be used by children.

Geriatric Use

Of the 211 subjects treated with Solaraze® in controlled clinical studies,
143 subjects were 65 and over. Of those 143 subjects, 55 subjects were 75 and
over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between
these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience
has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger
patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled
out.

* Based on body surface area and assuming 10% bioavailability following topical
application of 2 g Solaraze® Gel per day (1 mg/kg diclofenac sodium).

Last reviewed on RxList: 1/4/2012
This monograph has been modified to include the generic and brand name in many instances.