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Present Perfect Simple FORM: have / has + past participle USE: connects the past and the present We use it when we talk about an action which started in the past and continuous up to the present, especially with state verbs. e.g. I have been a teacher for eight years.

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We use the present perfect simple for an action which has recently finished and has a result now. e.g. I have prepared dinner. (= and now here it is) The exact time of a past action is not mentioned The present perfect simple is used to announce a recent happening. e.g. I have bought a new car.

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Time expressions how long How long have you been ill? for I have been ill for three days. since I have been ill since yesterday. lately /recently Have you seen him recently?

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already I have already read this book. yet Has he arrived yet? He hasn´t arrived yet. just I have just had lunch. always I have always loved dogs. ever Have you ever been to London?

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never I have never been to London. so far She has sent ten invitations so far. today/ this morning, week etc. I haven´t seen him this morning.

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Present Perfect Continuous FORM : HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ VERB+-ING USE: When we want to emphasize duration of an action which started in the past and continuous up to the present. e.g. I have been writing my essay for two hours. 27. června 20127

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We use it for an activity which has recently or just stopped and the result is visible now. e.g. She is sunburnt. Has she been sitting in the sun? We aren´t interested in the result of the activity (= present perfect simple). It doesn´t matter whether the activity has finished or not. e.g. I have been reading this book since 8 a.m and I have read 100 pages so far. 27. června 20128

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TIME EXPRESSIONS how long How long have they been playing tennis? for They have been playing tennis for two hours. since They have been playing tennis since 2 p.m. 27. června 20129