Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü Tez Koleksiyonuhttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/420
Sat, 25 May 2019 13:34:09 GMT2019-05-25T13:34:09ZTARIMSAL ATIKLARA ÖN ARITMA METODLARI UYGULANARAK BİYOGAZ VERİMİNİN İNCELENMESİhttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/6560
TARIMSAL ATIKLARA ÖN ARITMA METODLARI UYGULANARAK BİYOGAZ VERİMİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Aghayev, Elvin
In this study alkali and acidic pre-treatments were applied to evaluate methane production potential from agricultural wastes. Banana peel, corn stalk and grass were used as agricultural wastes due to their high lignodellulosic content. The studies were carried out with 2,5 L biorector equipped with gas collection and feeding tubes on the top. The pH was automatically measured and controlled. The system was heated to 35oC by the water jacket around the reactor. The contents were mixed by a propeller type of mixer to obtain a homogeneous content and to provide gas release. The retention times for each reactor were 42 days. The solids content of agricultural wastes was respectively %6, % 8 and %10. NaOH (w/w %3,%6 and %8) and H2SO4 (w/w %1,%2 and %3) were chhosen as alkali and acidic pretratment method respectively. NaOH doses were optimized according to biogas fermentation performance, and the best doses were 3% and 6% (by weight) based on the total solid content (TS) of wastes. After digestion, TS and volatile solid (VS) reductions of the codigestion were 45-50% and 60-65 %, respectively. The highest methane yield of banana peel, corn stalk and grass wastes were 201 mLCH4/g Vs, 208 mLCH4/g Vs and 181 mLCH4/g Vs respectively, %10-40 higher than the control.
The best H2SO4 doses were 1% and 2% (by weight). After biogas digestion, TS and volatile solid (VS) reductions of the codigestion were 45-55% and 55-60 %, respectively. The highest methane yield of banana peel, corn stalk and grass wates were 233 mLCH4/g Vs, 213 mLCH4/g Vs and 185 mLCH4/g VS respectively, %20-30 greater than the control. Results indicated that low doses of alkali and acidic process could be an effective method for using agricultural to produce biogas.
Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/65602019-01-01T00:00:00ZDETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN PM2.5 SAMPLES COLLECTED IN URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN TWO STATIONS IN ANKARAhttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/6537
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN PM2.5 SAMPLES COLLECTED IN URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN TWO STATIONS IN ANKARA
Faramarzi, Parisa
Studies carried out in recent years have shown considerable number of deaths due to air pollution. In spite of this serious situation, studies on chemical composition of particulate matter are conducted only by a few research groups at air quality monitoring stations operated by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in Ankara with about 4.6 million residents.PM samples recommended to be studied in this research are collected daily at Gate B, Beytepe campus of Hacettepe Universty and garden of General Directorate of Public Health of Turkey located in Sıhhiye on quartz filters. The collected filter samples are cut into 1.5 cm2 pieces and these pieces will be analyzed in order to determine the contents of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) by thermal optic carbon analyzer developed by Sunset Lab (USA, Oregon).Obtained dataset were statistically evaluated and the analyzed parameters have been compared with similar previous studies in order to be able to provide basic information about urban air quality. The primary and secondary organic carbon (POC and SOC, respectively) were calculated using the EC and OC values. The results of this study revealed that PM2.5 and carbonaceous species pollution were serious during summer and winter especially at city center. PM2.5 mean concentrations at both locations in winter and summer are above the WHO, EU and EPA standard limits. There is not a big statistically difference between PM2.5 concentration at urban site between summer and winter. This shows that traffic is the dominant pollutant source and is not a season dependent factor. During the sampling period, OC was the parameter with the highest contribution to PM2.5 mass at all the samples. The OC concentration is approximately two times higher in winter. EC and OC concentrations are both higher at urban site indicating that this area is exposed to more intensive traffic and emissions. Organic carbon is emitted mostly from primary sources to the atmosphere of the city.
Wed, 31 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/65372018-01-31T00:00:00ZDETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN PM2.5 SAMPLES COLLECTED IN URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN TWO STATIONS IN ANKARAhttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/6536
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION IN PM2.5 SAMPLES COLLECTED IN URBAN AND SEMI-URBAN TWO STATIONS IN ANKARA
Faramarzi, Parisa
Studies carried out in recent years have shown considerable number of deaths due to air pollution. In spite of this serious situation, studies on chemical composition of particulate matter are conducted only by a few research groups at air quality monitoring stations operated by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in Ankara with about 4.6 million residents.PM samples recommended to be studied in this research are collected daily at Gate B, Beytepe campus of Hacettepe Universty and garden of General Directorate of Public Health of Turkey located in Sıhhiye on quartz filters. The collected filter samples are cut into 1.5 cm2 pieces and these pieces will be analyzed in order to determine the contents of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) by thermal optic carbon analyzer developed by Sunset Lab (USA, Oregon).Obtained dataset were statistically evaluated and the analyzed parameters have been compared with similar previous studies in order to be able to provide basic information about urban air quality. The primary and secondary organic carbon (POC and SOC, respectively) were calculated using the EC and OC values. The results of this study revealed that PM2.5 and carbonaceous species pollution were serious during summer and winter especially at city center. PM2.5 mean concentrations at both locations in winter and summer are above the WHO, EU and EPA standard limits. There is not a big statistically difference between PM2.5 concentration at urban site between summer and winter. This shows that traffic is the dominant pollutant source and is not a season dependent factor. During the sampling period, OC was the parameter with the highest contribution to PM2.5 mass at all the samples. The OC concentration is approximately two times higher in winter. EC and OC concentrations are both higher at urban site indicating that this area is exposed to more intensive traffic and emissions. Organic carbon is emitted mostly from primary sources to the atmosphere of the city.
Wed, 31 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/65362018-01-31T00:00:00ZTürkiye'de Ulusal Emisyon Tavanları Direktifinin Uyumlaştırma Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesihttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/6530
Türkiye'de Ulusal Emisyon Tavanları Direktifinin Uyumlaştırma Sürecinin Değerlendirilmesi
Köksal, Canan Esin
The aim of this study is the assessment of the “National Emission Ceilings Directive” under the European Union environmental acquis to be carried out for Republic of Turkey. In this assessment the economical, institutional and technical perspective of the country is taken into account with regard to the emission management strategies. The datasets of the air quality measurement network are analysed by statistical instruments.
The ratios for particulate matter measurements together with the calculations of indicators for ozone pollution are obtained within the needs-analysis for Turkey for the first time. The PM2,5/PM10 ratio is calculated between 0,43-0,67 for Turkey. These ratios show that particulate matter is originated from antropogenic emissions. Additionally AOT40, one of the indicators of ozone pollution values are determined to be very high compared to the limit values of the by-law for air quality.
Although the national air quality measurement network results indicate the air quality in cities has improved, the increasing trend in the emission totals of the reported national air pollutant emission inventory shows that implemented sectoral emission management strategies are still not sufficient. Therefore additional efforts are required for sectoral emissions to be reduced with additional measures. The roadmap for this reduction of the emission load is prepared including the aspects for cooperation, national representativeness, data quality, modeling capacity, public awareness and specifically recommendations for the key categories of emission inventory recommendations are underlined.
Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMThttp://hdl.handle.net/11655/65302019-01-01T00:00:00Z