Dry cell batteries are the most common type of battery and are used in most consumer devices. Dry cell batteries, which range in size from tiny watch batteries to large flashlight batteries, all work in basically the same way.

Structure

All dry cell batteries are composed of an electrode (either made out of metal or graphite) surrounded by a moist electrolyte paste. This paste is enclosed by a cylinder with an inner layer of paper or cardboard and an outer layer of metal (usually zinc).

Electrical Flow

To produce an electrical current, batteries produce electrons at one of their electrodes (called the anode) which flow through the electrical circuit to the other electrode (the cathode). In dry cell batteries, the cathode is the metal rod in the center and the anode is the zinc shell.

Function

Chemical reactions between the cathode and the electrolyte paste, which often includes acidic chemicals such as ammonium chloride and manganese dioxide, absorb electrons which are produced by the oxidation of the anode.

Lifespan

Because the battery wears down the anode as it produces current, eventually the zinc shell will be completely oxidized and no longer be able to provide electrons.

Advantages

Dry cell batteries have several advantages over other types of batteries. Dry cell batteries usually last longer, and,unlike batteries that contain more liquid, they can be operated in any position. They are also less likely to leak.

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