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Part 1 / Lecture’s Topic Is it possible to measure the development and maturity of a NIS? What specific technique can be used for that? Can we apply it to both the advanced, the emerging and the developing economies?

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Different NIS Concepts Freeman (1987)  organization of R&D in firms and role of government in Japan Nelson (1988)  high tech sectors and R&D system Lundvall (1988)  Inter-firm and user-producer interactions (...)

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‘Innovation’ vs. ‘Diffusion’ in N.I.S.  trade-off or complementarity ? In some NIS ‘diffusion’ more important than ‘innovation’ (in the limit ‘innovation’ = 0, but even in this case we can speak of ‘NIS’)

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Part 3 - Method Decide what are the relevant n Dimensions Decide what variables shall be used for each D All indicators standardized Aggregate 2-5 indicators into each relevant D Map D1 to D8 into bi-dimensional space 8 Dimensions object of cluster analysis

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Part 4 - Cluster analysis The object of the analysis was a matrix with  69 countries in the sample as the individual ‘cases’  8 NIS dimensions as the ‘variables’ to be analysed Cluster analysis apllied to 2000/1 and 2005/6 9 different clustering algorithms Results compared for stability

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Further conclusions: policy application Responds to policy demand for guidance Comparability/benchmarking Summary measures Scoreboards have been produced But criticized: loss of information, simplification