2201 – Automatic Sprinkler System Overview

The basic components of automatic sprinkler systems are the same, whether you purchase a do-it-yourself system or contract with a professional service to have one installed.

The clock controller unit or timer is the core of the system. It activates the sprinkler system according to selections you choose (rated as to how many zones it can operate). There are two types of controller units: electro-mechanical clocks and digital read-out clocks. Electro-mechanical clocks have dials and pegs that let you set specific times, days and cycle durations. These clocks are durable and easy to use, but they are somewhat inaccurate, especially with cycles less than 10 minutes long. Digital read-out clocks are less durable and a bit more complicated to program, but are more flexible and accurate. Most new automatic sprinkler systems use digital read-out clocks.

The system operates from a central water supply line. This pipe, which is usually made of white polyvinyl chloride, commonly called PVC, runs from your water service line to your system’s zone valves.

Zone valves are solenoid valves that allow water to flow from the system’s main line, through smaller lines, and out sprinkler heads. Most systems have several zones, each controlled by one or more zone valves. Create valve zones to equalize the irrigation flow and time – according to need. Always use the same type of valve in a zone. Spray sprinklers are fine for small areas. Roto sprinklers are directional with a greater distance. A single stream sprinkler manages 15-25 feet coverage. Impact rotor heads apply water to an area 25-54 feet and take 2.5 times longer to cover. Bubblers are used for shrubs and trees and drip irrigation may be used for pots and garden areas.

Lateral lines lead from the zone valves to the sprinkler heads. Lateral lines are usually made of black polyethylene pipe, or poly-pipe.

By investing in a water pressure gauge, a person can monitor water pressure which affects coverage. Typically, 40-65 PSI is a suggested operating range.

Sprinkler systems with weather-based control will factor in the resident’s zip code, allowed watering days and soil type, sun exposure and slope of the lawn. The system will water only when landscape requires it and can save 30-70% in water. It can include freeze detection options to prevent watering during icy conditions.

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