In January this year, I spent a day volunteering at a warehouse which served the Calais-based refugee camp simply known as "The Jungle." In my first post which reflected on some of the ways mobile might be used to support the coordination of volunteer efforts, I highlighted the waste and duplicated efforts I observed. In this post, I wish to share some ideas and spotlight some notable efforts I've seen online to support refugees who are based in the camp.

Towards the latter half of the day, I got the opportunity to visit The Jungle to deliver bundles of clothing that we had been preparing all day. The drive to the camp was lined with scores of police, many of them in military-style riot gear. Upon entering the camp, I was struck by the conditions I saw: mud as far as the eye could see, making it very difficult for the people based there to walk around.

Nonetheless, I also saw what was a surprisingly thriving community from different nations exhibiting a "we're in this together" attitude. People from different countries were dotted everywhere and concentrations of people from different countries were demarcated with flags; small businesses were set up to provide hot food; barber shops were providing hair cuts to men and boys... Were it not for the tents, I honestly would have thought I was in the multicultural heart of any major world city.

"Welcome Center". Source: Ronda Zelezny-Green This is a photo where new arrivals to the camp could come to receive items such as blankets and tents to help get settled.

While the people there did not have much given the circumstances of how they came to be in France, the air seemed laden with hope, anticipation, and planning for what to do next. The photo at the top of the post is from a Sudanese refugee whom I will simply refer to as 'Aziz' (not his real name). Aziz was an artist who kindly invited me into his tent along with a long-term volunteer he knew. There, we took tea and he recounted his journey of traveling from Sudan in pictures that he drew.

This picture I have shared at the top of the post is Aziz's colorful depiction of Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. What struck me about this photo is that, almost in the very center of the drawing, is an MTN billboard. For those of you unfamiliar with MTN, it is a large, multi-national mobile network operator (MNO) headquartered in Johannesburg, South Africa. For those in the West, the most recognizable brand names are Apple, Microsoft, Google, Coca-Cola and IBM. But if you're from an emerging market where mobile brought you the ability to connect with loved ones, among other transformations, then you almost certainly can name every MNO operating in your country.

Aziz's photo was a poignant demonstration of just how important mobile connectivity is to people who are living in refugee camps. Previously, we've seen that people in the West have pilloried refugees who have mobile phones because, you know, people should still be using smoke signals to communicate (/sarcasm). Yet, mobile literally provides a lifeline that facilitates the fulfillment of both practical and social needs.

A news story from the Huffington Post highlights why this is:

In July 2015, a group of Greece-based aid groups noted that many refugees ask for food and water, but only after asking for Wi-Fi access and for a place to charge their phones. That shouldn't seem strange at all if you're like me and your mobile phone is practically an appendage. Not only were the refugees using mobile to coordinate their routes into Europe, they were also using it to tell loved ones back home that they had made it safely - something which is very important given the spate of drownings on the attempts to reach the continent. I cannot imagine what would be worse: anxiously waiting for a chance to make the call home or being a family member waiting to receive it.

Proving that humanity is not yet dead in a world of Donald Trump-, Marie LePen-, and Nigel Farage-aligned people, a Facebook group launched in February 2016 has now raised over USD$100,000 to provide people living in refugee camps with the connectivity they need. Notably, this crowdfunding initiative was started by another person who had the experience of volunteering in the same camp as me. While the completion of my PhD has been a major stumbling block in terms of being able to contribute anything meaningful apart from ideas, I do hope I can change that in due course.

Meanwhile here are my top three ideas for how mobile can further support people who are living in refugee camps:

Mobile learning and training. One thing that was disheartening was that people in the camps did not have many activities to engage in, especially when it was wet. Providing them with an opportunity to work on skills so that, whenever they get where they're going, they will be in a better place to seek employment seems like a no brainer! This concept is one that myself and Lauren Dawes of Panoply Digital have been ruminating on for a few years, so we will be keen to explore any partnerships in this area.

Mobile entertainment. How amazing would it be for this wealth of diverse people to have an opportunity to learn how to create their own mobile videos as a way to tell their own stories? They could create comedies, dramas, share news from within the refugee community... the possibilities are endless! These videos could then be traded on What's App groups, shared with people back home, and certainly be used to demonstrate that life does have its highlights, even when you're living in tough conditions. This is a side of development that rarely gets shown.

Citizen journalism. Citizen journalism could certainly go a long way to facilitating a voice for people living in refugee camps so that the (often) distorted Western narratives are not the only voices around. Linked to point 2 above, so much of the reporting coming out of the camps is about how horrible things are, yet no one is talking about the incredible amounts of resilience being exhibited among the people living in the camps, the support they are giving to help one another, and even some of the ingenuity that is being born from necessity. While anonymity is often valued because it may hurt their chances of being settled in a country of their preference, this could be addressed through editing or indirect camera shots. Maybe even going with just text-based reporting so that dispatches can be shared via media-friendly forums like the Huffington Post.

What are some of your ideas? Please feel free to share in the comments!

I am typing this out from Jomo Kenyatta Airport in Nairobi reflecting on the past week spent with the good people of UN Habitat, specifically those associated with the CityRAP tool. The CityRAP tool trains city managers and municipal technicians in small to intermediate sized cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to understand and plan actions aimed at reducing risk and building resilience through the elaboration of a City Resilience Action Plan.

A few caveats at the onset here. This reads a bit more like an academic piece which it largely is. It is drawn from something larger I wrote a bit ago for another paper. It might also read like an attack on the SDGs, which is not my point. The point here is that the SDGs have generated some incredible results and I sincerely support them, but we must be mindful of what is being mobilised in our pursuit of them. My focus is education and I suggest that the provisions of the SDGs related specifically to that field suggest particular scaled interventions (or at least make those approaches particularly attractive). Scale exacts pressure on particular types of education.

As part of my association with the Centre for Research in Digital Education at the University of Edinburgh (a version of this post appears there as well), I recently traveled with colleagues to deliver a three day workshop on digital education for Syrian academics who have been displaced by the conflict. The University has worked for a long time with the Council for At-Risk Academics (CARA), a great organisation providing urgently-needed help to academics in immediate danger, those forced into exile, and many who choose to work on in their home countries despite serious risks.

We seem to have endless ideas on how to use Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D). From job creation to women’s empowerment to civic participation, a number of ICT4D interventions have been developed and implemented over the years. Common question asked in my work is “what type of technology that might have biggest impact in our society in the coming years?”. As we have learned, ICTs in itself aren’t sufficient. While factors contributing to the success of ICT4D have become apparent, and many have written about them, I feel there's still a need to highlight some of them.

We have been some of the most vocal critics of Bridge International Academies (BIA), largely because most investigations and evaluations of their edtech impact to improve schooling in sub-Saharan Africa have been less than spectacular (many would say the impact is non-existent). So imagine our surprise to see Wayan Vota's latest ICTworks™ post highlighting the successes of BIA in Liberia.

We need to make women in innovation more visible, and correct the gender imbalance in the stories we tell. We need to tell more stories about the women working at the top of humanitarian innovation, and so today I sat down with Tanya Accone, Senior Advisor at UNICEF Innovation, to tell the story of a woman working at the top of a very visible humanitarian innovation team for a very visible humanitarian agency.

We do a lot of work on open learning as well and it was clear there was tension between these open educational platforms (like Coursera, edX, etc.) and their use in local contexts, particularly in emerging economies. There is tension there. Open educational technologies are too often framed as a transparent instrument for educational export, keeping (specifically Western or Global North) curricula, pedagogy, and educational values intact whilst they are broadcast to a global population in deficit.

I remember when I first started hearing the buzz about bots. My first thought? 'Here we go again...' - a reaction to the endless cycles of hype followed by business-as-usual that typifies the digital sector. However, over the past few months I've had the opportunity to design a few 'bots 4 good', and I'd like to share what I've learned: how they work, what they could be useful for, and where to start if you'd like to get one. I believe that done well, they could be really useful add-ons to your digital strategy as they provide a rich 'in-between' space for mobile users who aren't fully digitally literate.

Last week, I was at TICTeC 2018 where researchers, activists and practitioners discussed the impact of civic technology, or civic tech. This blogpost summarises the discussion of Two heads are better than one: working with governments.