DB Unit 4 - Victims of Terrorism, Hate Crimes & Racial Profiling November 27, 2012Every year, many people around the world suffer disasters; whether they are natural for example hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes and extreme heat, as caused by man, for example terrorist attacks. Although it is not possible to predict when and where these destructive forces will occur, yes it might learn from each disaster and take certain measures to safeguard our physical and emotional well-being. According with International Terrorism and Security Research (n.d.), terrorism is a set of acts of violence used to generate terror in people of a particular country. The aim of the terrorists is to achieve political goals using force rather than reason; reprehensible acts that often cause damage to large numbers of innocent people. When a terrorist attack happens people experience damage psychological as well as the physical consequences of the same. Over the years has not been too into account this psychological damage, which however is of great relevance; Although increasingly more considered these emerging psychological repercussions, it gives the feeling that there is still long way to go in this regard.

Residents of Shady Oaks, a community that has a high number of elderly and disabled people, need a program to instruct them on how to prepare for a terrorist attack or catastrophe. These elderly live quiet and safe in your community since they think that a terrorist act ever happened in that place. Address the issue of terrorism should be in a sensitive way to not create fear and mistrust, these people already have an established daily routine and this topic could disrupt your peace of mind because that fear is something that can manifest itself in many ways.

Establish an action plan in place and carry it out step by step without creating panic community and feel that it is altering its independence should be done with great sensitivity. As a representative of...

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Mid-term Paper
Ryan M. Faught
Arkansas Tech University
Terrorism has been a major topic of research for many years. We’ve learned a lot about terrorism and terrorist groups, but there are still major questions to be answered. What exactly is a terrorist? What causes ordinary people to become terrorists? What attracts people to terrorism? How do terrorist groups in the Middle East recruit and radicalize people from all over the world? In this paper I will discuss these questions and more according to the knowledge I’ve gained from reading these five research papers.
Terrorism is the use, or threat, of action which is violent, damaging or disrupting and is intended to influence the government or intimidate the public and is for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause (De Zulueta, 2006). This or any definition of terrorism is still subjective depending on the “terrorist” and the situation. For instance, most Americans don’t consider the founding fathers as terrorists, but freedom fighters. In the same way, radical Muslims may look at al Qaeda as freedom fighters, although most of the world would view them as terrorists. The deciding factor that separates freedom fighters from terrorists appears to be the intentional murder of innocent people. Terrorist groups, such as al Qaeda are well known for such murders. Rather than merely fighting for freedom, they wish to create a...

...RacialProfiling Literature Review
Racialprofiling occurs when race is used by law enforcement or private security officials, to any degree, as a basis for criminal suspicion in non-suspect specific investigations according to Goldberg (1999). With that said, discrimination based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality or on any other particular identity undermines the basic human rights and freedoms to which every person is entitled.
Although there is no single, universally accepted definition of "racialprofiling," we're using the term to designate the practice of stopping and inspecting people who are passing through public places -- such as drivers on public highways or pedestrians in airports or urban areas -- where the reason for the stop is a statistical profile of the detainee's race or ethnicity.
Amnesty International released its report on RacialProfiling in October 2004. The report boldly states that when law enforcement uses race, religion, country of origin, and ethnic or religious appearance as a proxy for criminal suspicion it undermines national security. Racialprofiling is so pervasive that it has impacted nearly 32 million people in the United States - approximately the population of Canada.
my motivation for writing this paper is show that racialprofiling: a) is a systematic...

...Racialprofiling, defined as the targeting of individuals and groups by law enforcement officials, even partially, on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, or religion, except when there is trustworthy information, relevant to the locality and timeframe, that links persons belonging to one of the groups to an identified criminal incident or scheme. Law enforcement agencies are designed to protect the people. They are mandated to operate in a fair and ethical manner. Their primary function is to up hold the Constitution, law, and defend the rights of the people. These actions should be conducted in a manner that treats everyone equally, without regard to their race, gender, or ethnicity. The clear alternative is for law enforcement to focus on actual criminal behavior rather than characteristics such as race, religion, ethnicity, or nationality. In today’s society, profiling works on general trends not 100% factual laws. Although I'm not for it, I understand you can't watch everyone, there isn't enough time and money for that, so you need to make the best with what little you can do, and this is done by profiling.
Profiling isn't always accurate, efficiency and insight in my opinion is somewhat helpful to it's cause. While driving thru a project neighborhood, and you spot a white male, young adult, around 1 to 2 am at night, statistics show he is most likely looking for/or just purchased...

...Profiling based on race has become a prevalent method that cops and authority figures use to arrest or question an individual. Racialprofiling is most noticed on the highways and in airports.
Racialprofiling occurs when law enforcement or security officials, consciously or unconsciously, subject individuals at any location to heightened scrutiny based solely or in part on race, ethnicity, aboriginality, place of origin, ancestry, or religion, or on stereotypes associated with any of these factors, rather than on objectively reasonable grounds for suspecting that the individual is implicated in criminal activity (Satzewich &amp; Shaffir 199).
The efficiency and legality of profiling is highly debated.
Profiling occurs in neighborhoods, schools, and in businesses. Young black men driving expensive cars along a commonly used drug route or in a troubled community, an Arab trying to fly into or out of the United States, and Hispanics near the border are all commonly targeted by public officials for an unprovoked arrest or detention (Korsmeyer &amp; Kranzler 317). In Maryland, African Americans made up 17.5 percent of the driving population, but 77 percent of the people police pulled over and searched were African American (Korsmeyer &amp; Kranzler 318). Statistics from New Jersey found that 77 percent of the people who were stopped and searched were African American or...

...Carla Watts
Professor Huttner- Eng 101
Research Paper
03/27/2012
RacialProfilingRacialProfiling exists in today’s society. It has become a serious issue within communities. RacialProfiling can be defined as the practice of subjecting citizens to increased surveillance or scrutiny based on racial or ethnic factors rather than “reasonable suspicion”. Over the years, police and other law enforcement officials have come under fire for using this practice. The issue of racialprofiling is determining whether it helps with preventing crime or does it just violate citizens and their rights. Despite what officials may think racialprofiling doesn’t help fight crime it only contributes to the racial tension among police and citizens. It creates inequality for certain citizens.
Situations between police and the public are very stressful and highly contested events. A strong reason for law enforcement officers to target minorities, particularly Black and Hispanic motorists, is the common belief that they are more likely to be violating laws, particularly drug laws.( Jost) With this perception, minority communities are feeling targeted and harassed by police officers. It is clear that given the power and discretion available to police, the experience of being subject to...

...HateCrime
The simplest definition of what a hatecrime is, is a crime committed against a victim due to his or her perceived role in a social group. Social groups can be defined by many factors such as sexual orientation, race, disability, religion, age, gender and many other factors. Within this essay I aim to evaluate the causes of hatecrime and also to assess the impact ofcrime on victims and the strategies used for responding to hatecrime. The types of hatecrime I am going to be focusing on are race, sexual orientation and gender.
What is hatecrime?
Defining hatecrime has proven to be a difficult task, shown by the multiple academic and professional definitions that exist. Barbara Perry (2001) suggests that “as is the case with crime in general, it is very difficult to construct an exhaustive definition of ‘hatecrime’ that is able to take account of all of its facets”. In order to gain a greater understanding of hatecrime I am going to present some of the academic definitions put forward. Gerstenfeld (2004: 9) suggests that “the simplest definition of a hatecrime is this: a criminal act which is motivated, at...

...Discontinue and adopt legislation outlawing the practice of racialprofiling, even in regards to anti-terrorism efforts.
Continually document and collect statistical data that identifies those individuals who are processed through the criminal justice system. Paying specific attention to the presence and extent of racial discrimination in the following areas: administration of justice, police, courts, and prison authorities.
Take measures to effectively punish and combat police mistreatment of minorities during their daily interactions.
o To oversee this:
X Establish independent civilian organizations to investigate complaints about police behavior.
X Collect and publish the statistical data in regards to the number and nature of police abuse of minorities.
X Collect and publish the statistical data on the number and outcome of cases resulting in discipline or prosecution of police offers who use abuse their authority to mistreat minorities.
Establish sensitivity training throughout the whole criminal justice system on a continual basis which pays specific attention to the application of human rights and other relative topics instrumental to the field of an individual¡¦s employment.
Acknowledge and clearly communicate the expectation that discrimination on the grounds of race or ethnicity is unlawful and a violation of their rights.
Society needs to express concern at the pervasive...

...﻿Social & Political Violence
HateCrimes
A hatecrime can be defined in two ways, by the legal definition and the criminological definition. The legal definition of a hatecrime is a traditional offense like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of bias, a criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnic origin or sexual orientation. The criminological definition of a hatecrime is a crime committed as an act of prejudice, or any hate incident which constitutes a criminal offence perceived by the victim or any other person, as being motivated by hate or prejudice.
Hatecrime typologies consists of 4 types of categories: Thrill, reactive/defensive, mission, and retaliatory. Thrill crimes were described as criminal behavior set off by a desire for excitement and power and to have some fun and to stir up a little excitement at someone else’s expense. The goal of thrill crimes is plainly the want to seek some sort of thrill, but it also may be sadistic, usually committed by a group of peers seeing as they are very influential. The targeted victims tend to be interchangeable or at utter randomness. The typical...