This thesis aims to study the impact of the transition from communism to democracy on the public libraries in Poland. The central areas of study are changes in: the organisation of the public library system, the role of the public library in society, the librarian's daily work and job situation and collection development. The thesis is based on qualitative interviews with public librarians, public library managers and researchers in Warsaw, Torun and Gdansk. The theoretical background consists of chapters outlining thoughts on democratic and communist library ideas and public libraries' responses to a changing society. The results show that the public library system has been affected by two major decentralisation reforms in Poland, leaving the libraries in the care of local governments. This has led to serious financial problems. The libraries have lost their former political function. Our informants however claim that the role of the public library has always been the same; to meet the needs of the readers. Today focus is on satisfying the needs of the growing amount of students. In the librarians' job situation there has been a shift from security, passivity and little need for responsibility to unemployment and a demand for activity and personal initiatives. The most significant changes for the public libraries, resulting from the political reforms, can be found in their collections and acquisition. The abolishment of censorship and the opening of the market have made it possible for the libraries to create their own independent profile.

The aim of this thesis is to examine how high school students use their school library for their information-seeking. The theoretical framework is based on Louise Limbergs three categories of students views on information-seeking and Andrew Large and Jamshid Beheshtis three categories of students choice of information systems. Qualitative interviews were used and seven high school students were interviewed. The empirical material was compared and divided into 9 categories. The results show that the students see the school library as a place where they can search for information, but its also considered to be a good place to hang out between lessons to study or to meet friends. The students are positive about the school library and librarians but few know how librarians can help them in their information-seeking process. For most, the librarian is just someone who locates books in the school library. Few students connect librarians with information-seeking on the web. The web is by far the most popular information system, but the students havent totally given up using printed sources. We can, compared to other studies, see an increase in information-seeking as seeking hard facts and straight answers to the problem. The results also indicate that teachers attitude to information-seeking and their way of teaching has an influence on students information-seeking.

This study deals with the following topics: success, motivation, comfort zone, personaldevelopment and everything within the definition of generation Y. The study is qualitative,and based on peer-reviewed publications as well as other relevant theories. The main purposeof this thesis is to contribute to a deeper knowledge of the concept of success, and howentrepreneurs within the generation Y in an effective way define it. The study will focus onidentifying what makes generation Y step out of their comfort zone, and what motivates themto succeed.Initially, the study briefly deals with the main topics of success, motivation and comfort zone,before the theoretical framework goes deeper into these topics. The theory is of greatimportance for this study's analysis and results. Thanks to the theory we have been able tocreate relevant questions for the interviews, which have been the basis for the whole empiricalmaterial. A total of eight entrepreneurs were interviewed and they all contributed withknowledge, competence and experience. When we contacted entrepreneurs for our interviewswe chose to have a wide range within generation Y, containing both genders in different agesand different professions. Since we wanted to examine the respondents opinions regardingthese specific topics we chose to do semi-structured interviews. All of the respondents havetaken the step out of their comfort zone, and now live their lives as entrepreneurs, with afervent belief in themselves. In the analysis we will discuss the similarities and differencesthat we could find between theory and empirical data.The conclusion of this study will provide knowledge regarding the topics success, motivationand comfort zone. A comfort zone is an individual safe zone that all human beings have. Bytrying new things this zone will expand, which makes the person feel more comfortable. Withthis study we have reached to the conclusion that a person has to step out of their comfortzone to be able to succeed and this is possible through his or hers individual motivation.Entrepreneurs within generation Y is motivated in various ways, for example by setting longandshort-term goals, surround themselves with inspiring people and also develop throughnew challenges that will help them reach their goals and dreams. The generation also findmotivation in the will to learn, refine their skills and talents and widen their knowledge to bestronger entrepreneurs. To be successful is an individual concept, but overall it is about beinghappy in a balanced way and to feel satisfied with both your personal and working life.Although a balanced economy is necessary for survival, the entrepreneurs within generation Ydoes not think it is essential for the concept of success. It is of great importance that yousurround yourself by people who want your best and sees your potential and capacity.This will give you as an individual a stronger belief in yourself, which is necessary if youwant to be successful. The entrepreneurs have clearly shown a preference based on a positiveattitude towards life, they claim that everything is about having the right mindset to be able todevelop. The possibilities are all around us, we just have to open our eyes to be able to seethem.

The Swedish Armed Forces Medical Centre is nationally responsible for the qualified education in military medicine. Studies at university level for conscript medical personnel were introduced in 1997, with the course Battlefield emergency care for nurses (7,5 ECTS points). Two years later, a parallel course for physicians was started. Other courses have also been studied at university level. Starting in 2001, a total of fifteen units throughout the country have arranged the Basic course in battlefield emergency care for Medical Orderly (15 ECTS points). The units have received academic support from local colleges and universities, while curriculum, study literature, supervision and examination have been the responsibility of the Armed Forces Medical Centre. The present reorganisation of the Swedish Armed Forces will result in a situation where the entire military medical education will be located in Gothenburg. Physicians, nurses and medics will be educated at the same campus. A close connection to the University of Gothenburg has been established, in order to promote the educational process of military medicine. Teachers at the Medical Centre will have positions as lecturers at the university, which will be favourable for the students in their acquisition of knowledge.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to examine how public libraries use social
media for marketing purposes, and what librarians think about this. My focus of this thesis
lies on what librarians think about marketing of libraries through social media and if they
think that marketing through social media can create a better relationship between the library
and its users. The questions I wanted to answer were:
‐ Libraries using social media, for what purpose do they use them? ‐ Do the libraries choose to use social media to market their organization? Why? ‐ What attitudes exist among librarians about marketing through social media?
The theoretical framework for this thesis is Evert Gummessons model off Relationship
marketing and the process of Internet marketing, which both are based on relational
perspective. The methodology used for this study was structured interviews. Four interviews
were conducted with five librarians that have partial responsibility of their respective libraries
social media.
The result of this study shows that all libraries use social media, but to varying degrees. They
also use them for different purposes. The librarians choose to market through social media
because it is a way to reach more people and the only way for users to influence the content.
The study shows that librarians generally have positive attitudes towards marketing through
social media. Negative attitudes are experienced in the beginning of working with social
media when the staff is not sure how the tools work. Librarians believe that social media can
create good relations with its library users.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a growing digitization technique appears in many contexts as something new and foreign. AI is considered by many as the driving force in the future of digitalization. The finance industry is one of the industries that may be affected since they already have several digitization tools today. Banks have an important function in our society and therefore it’s important for companies and also consumers, to understand what the application of AI can offer.

The purpose of this study is to generate a greater understanding of how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being used in Swedish banks today, which ethics- and regulatory aspects that can affect the implementation of AI and how banks take the future use of AI in consideration. The study is based on a qualitative method where five explorative and semi structured interviews with different banks have been conducted. Respondents consists of two niche banks and three more established banks where 35-60 minutes interviews have been done while the respondents explained how they use AI in daily activities, how they consider ethical aspects regarding the use of AI and how they see the future use of AI in daily activities. This study has come to the conclusion that the banks use AI in different ways and that they value AI differently. Well established banks work more with IT-support for the organization where support is of great importance while the niche banks works with AI from a more holistic perspective with credit- and loan processes in focus. It appears that banks also want to use AI in consideration of money laundering and compliance. This study also presents how banks take the law, ethical aspects and work environment in consideration and how these factors is affected or not affected with the application of AI.

Public libraries have an important roll of making information accessible to all people. This democratic right supports the cultural development in our society. When public libraries build websites offering information and services it can sometimes cause obstacles for impaired users. It is therefore our purpose to evaluate a selection of websites and library plans to examine how the libraries work with accessibility for these users. This thesis is based on theories of cognitive and human computer interaction, and information architecture. To carry out the examination we will use a checklist, derived from established international guidelines set by W3C, used by Swedish authorities to achieve a "24-hour authority", and a Web Accessibility Toolbar. By comparing the results from examining the library plans and the websites, we concluded that few measures have been taken to facilitate for the impaired users. We also concluded that design is more important than accessibility. A majority of the libraries plan to widen their selection of online services, but that there are no plans to make the existing services better or easier to use. Statistically, only two of the nine websites, scored 80% or higher on the checklist evaluation, and the average result was 65%. We therefore concluded that the public libraries did not live up to the set goals in their library plans, or the guidelines set by Swedish authorities.

The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to describe how Swedish public libraries use Web 2.0-tools and their experiences of using the tools. Focus of the study lies in the contact between public libraries and their patrons on the Web 2.0-tools. For the purposes of the study, the use of weblogs and MySpace were chosen for examination. The methodology used for this study was qualitative interviews. Eight qualitative interviews were conducted with public librarians in seven public libraries in Sweden. The theoretical frame for this thesis consists primarily of theories on social networks and virtual communities. Results of this study indicate that using weblogs and MySpace in public libraries are resourceful means to connect with patrons in new ways. It is concluded that, weblogs are mainly used for mediating fiction and MySpace for marketing library services. Weblogs are not seen as places for networking while MySpace is. The contacts created on the Web 2.0-tools are weak since the communication is scarce. The study also shows that in order to increase patrons’ low use of the Web 2.0-tools, the libraries need to regard them as online communities and broaden their target group. This information can be of significance for other public libraries who intend to start using weblogs and MySpace.

The aim of the study is to investigate how the work on sustainable development, based on the social dimension during assembly, looks at the preschool. We chose interview as a method and used qualitative interviews, more specifically semistructured interviews. We interviewed active educators of different ages and with a lot of experience from working life. These preschool teachers come from two different preschools. Interview as a method was chosen because we were looking for teachers' opinions and feelings about the subject. Previous research shows that sustainable development is a major and central subject, which also affects the pre-school world. The study assumes that sustainable development consists of three dimensions: social, ecological and economic. The focus on this study is on the social dimension. The results we gained show that educators understand the meaning of social sustainability and how to work with the subject at the preschool, both in assembly and in the spontaneous meeting with the child, and they use different tools in the assembly to convey knowledge. However, they do not always put meaning into the word nor do they reflect on the work they put in on social sustainability as much as they do in other subjects that are communicated to preschool.

The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to examine how students at Linköpings universitet use the discovery tool Unisearch by answering the following research questions: How do the students use Unisearch to find information? What types of problems do they encounter and what assistance does Unisearch provide? What are the students' opinions about Unisearch?

We presented five students with five common library research tasks that students typically encounter. By using a combination of observations and follow up interviews we obtained empirical data, which we then analyzed using the model “The Five Dimensions of Usability” by Whitney Quesenbery.

Our findings show that the students considered Unisearch to be an adequate search tool. They found Unisearch relatively easy and efficient to use. The main problem the students encountered concerned the terminology used in Unisearch, especially when it comes to limiters. Another problem encountered was that students sometimes failed to notice when limiters were retained for new searches or lost during a search. The students also stated that there is a lack of resources that provide help or guidance concerning the use of Unisearch.

The sharing economy has been growing continuously in the last decade thanks to the
proliferation of internet-based platforms that allow people to disintermediate the
traditional commercial channels and to share excess resources and trade with one
another effectively at a reasonably low transaction cost. Whereas early peer-to-peer
platforms were designed to enable file sharing and goods trading, we recently witness
the emergence of a new breed of peer-to-peer platforms that are designed for ordinary
service sharing. Ordinary services entail in
tangible provisions and are defined as an
economic activity that generates immaterial
benefits and does not result in ownership
of material goods. Based on a structured
analysis of 41 internet-based rideshare
platforms, we explore and layout the unique characteristics of peer-to-peer service
sharing platforms based on three distinct
temporal patterns that entail specific
consequences for platform use as well as provide insights about their overall design
imperative.

Ubiquitous computing environments grant organizations a multitude of dynamic context data emanating from embedded and mobile components. Such data may enhance organizations’ understanding of the different contexts in which they act. However, extant IS literature indicates that the utility of context data is frequently hampered by a priori interpretations of context embodied within the acquiring technologies themselves. Building on a 5-year canonical action research study within the Swedish transport industry, this paper reports an attempt to shift the locus of interpretation of context data by rearranging an assemblage of embedded, mobile, and stationary technologies. This was done by developing a vertical standard as a means to inscribe interpretive flexibility of context data. With the objective to extend the current understanding of how to enable cross-organizational access to reinterpretable context data, the paper contributes with an analysis of existing design requirements for context-aware ecosystems. This analysis reveals the complexity of accomplishing collaborative linkages between socio-technical elements in ubiquitous computing environments, and highlights important implications for research and practice.

Philanthropy within corporations has for a long time been a phenomenon outside of Sweden. However, philanthropy has spread throughout Sweden in recent years and is for various reasons becoming more popular. For example corporations say that they feel an obligation to help those who have it worse and also those in their environment.Based on answers gathered from interviews with seven different respondents from seven different Swedish corporations, this essay means to answer the question of how Swedish corporations work with philanthropy and what motivates them to do so.The result indicates that Swedish corporations work with philanthropy in a centralized manner and that information about this work is communicated mostly internally, to engage and motivate the staff but also to be seen as an attractive employer. Philanthropy can also be used as a strategy to strengthen a brand, gather political resources and combat negative criticism.This essay is written in Swedish.

This masters thesis aims to investigate how upper secondary school pupils experience their information seeking in a school context without access to a school library. It is the pupils own thoughts and opinions about information seeking and criticism of the sources that is the main focus. The literature that has been used consists of material from research concerning youth and different aspects of information seeking such as the information seeking process, information seeking on the web, criticism of the sources and how pupils interact with other people in order to acquire information. The method that has been used is group interviews. Twelve pupils from an independent school without access to a school library have been interviewed in groups of three. The theoretical framework in this thesis comes from Louise Limbergs three categories of description of information seeking. These categories are used as levels of awareness of information seeking. The results show that most of the pupils have a rather high awareness of information seeking. The Internet is their main source but the public library is also important to them. The pupils often experience that the Internet is not enough to satisfy their information need. They are independent and do most of their information seeking after school and mostly at home. They get on quite well without a school library but some of the pupils would improve their awareness of information with some extra tutoring and support in information seeking and criticism of the sources.

The aim of this Master Thesis is to examine how the national intranet at Nordea serves the organisation as a channel of information and communication. The intranets of today, have partially or completely come to replace other channels of information within larger organisations, and the intranet has become an increasingly important issue to the communicational process of organisations. To address the problem stated, qualitative interviews was accomplished with several employees at a department at Nordea. The achieved result reflects how the intranet supports variable everyday end-user situations. The result shows an intranet that is sparsely used in comparison to other channels of communication such as colleagues. This is primarily due to the considerable time and effort that is needed to find and apply relevant information in a stressed situation. However, the information available on the intranet is considered both updated and reliable. A possible cause to the current situation can be ascribed to insufficient knowledge and education in how the intranet is structured and how the information efficiently can be retrieved. Further education and end-user influence on the design of the intranet is needed.

Hedge accounting is used when accounting for financial instruments held for hedging purposes. There are difficulties associated with applying existing hedge accounting requirements to macro hedges particularly when portfolios are managed dynamically. Because of the limitations of existing hedge accounting many entities find it difficult to faithfully present the results of dynamic risk management in the financial statements. As a result, some entities do not apply hedge accounting at all while others only apply parts of hedge accounting. Some entities apply other hedging techniques which do not correctly reflect the dynamic risk management. The IASB has published a Discussion Paper (DP) featuring an accounting method for dynamic risk management. The objective of the new method Portfolio Revaluation Approach (PRA) is to achieve a faithful presentation of dynamic risk management and reduce the existing operational complexity.The purpose of the study is to examine and compare the attitudes of the IASB’s stakeholders towards accounting for dynamic risk management and identify their opinion on the proposed accounting method PRA. The study also aims to identify stakeholders’ views on how a future method should be designed. To obtain an understanding of stakeholders’ views a qualitative content analysis were used. The study is based on 30 comment letters received from stakeholders in response to the issued DP on macro hedging. The stakeholders where categorized into three groups: standard setting bodies, accounting firms and corporations.The study shows that stakeholders consider that problems arise when the current rules is applied to dynamically managed portfolios. The IASB should develop rules that will be applicable and reflect dynamic risk management. The comment letters shows different opinions about the scale of the project and what dynamic risk management should cover. The IASB has modified the initial objective of the project and expanded the scope. Stakeholders therefore require that the IASB clarifies the objective before they develop an Exposure Draft (ED).The study found that opinions on PRA are diverse. Stakeholders have, however, identified more disadvantages than advantages with PRA. According to stakeholders, a future accounting method for dynamic risk management should be applied only when risk mitigation has been undertaken by hedging and not applied on all dynamic risk management. Stakeholders believe that an application on all dynamic risk management activities would increase volatility in profit or loss and not result in useful information. Furthermore, the study shows that a method should be optional to apply. A future accounting method should be designed to be applicable to all risks, not only interest rate risks. Judging by the commentIIletters from the stakeholders, the IASB should not develop a new method but instead design a method based on the existing rules in IFRS 9 Financial instruments and IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. Moreover, the IASB should develop principle-based rules because of the character of dynamic risk management. The IASB must ensure that the method is practicable. Our conclusion is that even though the stakeholders encourage the macro hedging project, few are satisfied with the proposal submitted.(This paper is written in Swedish)

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to find out how a number of
hospital librarians look at child and youth patients' reading and its
possible role in a mental and physical healing process. We also
investigate the knowledge, strategies and thoughts the librarians
have on bibliotherapy.
Qualitative interviews have been used and seven librarians, at two
different hospital libraries with children's and youth activities, were
interviewed during November and December 2011. The analysis is
based on one theory; we use Sten Furhammar’s model which
includes four different categories of reading.
We can see, according to the librarians’ answers, that the most
common function of the patients’ reading can be explained through
two of Furhammar’s categories. Our respondents believe that the
patients mostly read to relax from heavy thoughts and situations
which can be connected to the category impersonal experience
reading. This type of reading has according to Furhammar not an
enriching effect if it’s described as entertainment and relaxation.
But in our study the librarians think that this type of reading can be
enriching, and even have a therapeutical function. They also
believe that reading can have other therapeutical functions as selfreflection,
comfort and relief from worrying which can be
connected to the category personal experience reading. We found
out that the librarians do not use the word bibliotherapy or work
with it with awareness. But they think bibliotherapeutical situations
can occur without their involvement or help.

This Masters thesis concerns feature film services in Swedish public libraries. We have investigated the opinion of eight librarians concerning values and criteria for selection as regards film. The theory chosen comes from varied disciplines, for example sociology, adapted to our subject. The most important theories are Antonio Gramscis idea of hegemony, Herbert J. Gans concept of taste cultures and Carl Gustav Johannsens discussion about quality. The method used is qualitative interviews and the answers from those have been analysed according to different categories. The results show that the librarians rather give priority to literature than to film, even when they value feature film highly. In their work the librarians willingly support culture and democracy and another important factor that influences film purchase is that they want the library to function as an alternative to local video stores. The librarians are also influenced by the community, by debates in society and film festivals. When selecting film, the librarians work according to two different aspects of quality; transcendent and user-based. The study has also shown that the librarian s influence on the users can be seen as an expression of a cultural hegemony, both when it comes to the access of feature film and the effect on their requests and taste in film. It seems like the users have adapted their taste according to the demands of quality at the libraries.

The purpose of our thesis is to take a closer look at what lies behind the display of fiction in public libraries. Through interviewing ten librarians and analysing their statements, it examines the mechanisms behind the displaying of books. The analysis was conducted through the application of two different theories, one by Aant Elzinga and one by Douglas Raber. Elzingas theory concerns methods of working, while Rabers theory concerns the purpose of public libraries and attitudes towards power. The following conclusions were drawn from analysing the statements. Firstly, the predominant strategy utilized by the librarians in question turned out to be the pragmatic one, in which looks and popularity determine which books are displayed. Secondly, the attitude towards power most often adopted by the librarians turned out to be the conservative one. The librarian demonstrates this attitude by being conscious of her power through the display of books, and by her willful execution of said power. This is followed by an examination of how this power is conveyed to the users by assuming different roles, and what political forces stand behind the collection of the library. By applying the concept of ideological hegemony, this thesis then discusses the roles played out by the librarians in question. After considering how the different strategies and attitudes affect the users, the discussion is concluded by an in-depth look at who or what benefits from the display of fiction.

Interview with library veteran Henning Tarstad. The interview was conducted by Marianna Andersson, Lars Larsson and Inger Thorsen, students of the Swedish School of Library and Information Science in Borås, on September 22, 1982.

In an accident, some seatbelt is let out by the seatbelt retractor in the vehicle. This is done to minimize the chest pressure and for the occupant to correctly impact the air bag. In an adaptive load limiter (LLA) the force in the seatbelt could be changed between different levels. In this way the chest pressure and the speed in to the air bag can be optimized and to minimize injuries.The work has been aimed at develop new concept of switching between the high and low force. The goal is to reduce the number of parts, the complexity and the size of the components. The LLA device today is made out of nine components.This work has included brainstorming for ideas of new concepts. The concept have been sketched. The three best concepts have been valued in a concept evaluation matrix. CAD- models have been done. Calculations have been done by hand to see which forces the components will be subjected to. FEM-calculations have also been done to see that components can handle the amount of stress they which they will be subjected to during the switching. Tests of components have also been made to verify the concept on Autolivs test center. The results were then evaluated. The work is ended by recommendations of further development.This thesis has been done on Autoliv Sweden AB in Vårgårda. Autoliv was founded in 1953 in Vårgårda of the two brothers Lennart and Stig Lindblad. Autoliv is world- leading in car safety. Autoliv is currently operating in 27 countries and has over 70 000 employees. They save over 30 000 lives and prevent over 300 000 injuries every year. Autoliv has made seatbelts since 1956.

The purpose of this master’s thesis is to investigate the culture for children in the age of 10-12 year-old at the library in a small town and to see if the library and children shared the same view of the libraries missions. We have interviewed 3 groups of 5-7 children at two times. We have also interviewed a children librarian about her opinion of her work and children
culture. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child works as our theory in this thesis. We thought that the convention could have an impact on the work of the children libraries. The issues studied are:
· How does the children experience the culture offered by the library?
· Which culture for children exists in the library? What do the children use?
· What do the children think about the mission of the library and of the
library as an intermediary link to culture?
· What does the library think about their mission and of the library as an intermediary link between children and culture?
· How does the work of the library accord to the Convention on the Rights of the Child?
The study shows that the children associate the library with the school. This is something that the librarian knew and wanted to change. We also saw that the children wanted to take part in the library work such as purchase, activities and selections. The library does work with the convention as a
guideline but wanted to increase the influence of the convention partly by
making the children participate more.

The aim of this Master’s thesis is to examine the information needs of gay, lesbian and bisexual adolescents’ when they are coming out. I also examine what kind of information they seek and where they might find this information. The purpose is also to examine what role the public or school library plays. The study is conducted through qualitative interviews with gay, lesbian and bisexual adolescents’. The theoretical framework includes studies about information needs and information use. The results indicate that there is evident information needs at the coming-out-stadium. The information sought is of many different kinds, including gay fiction and also webpage’s containing gay information. Gay fiction is, among other things, used for finding an identity, which can be hard to find in a society where the heterosexual identity is the norm. The questions I am working with are: How do homo- or bisexual adolescents’ information needs look like during the coming-out-process? What information sources have been used and how were they used? What purpose has the public library in seeking for information? and What problems has the informants come across in their seeking for information? The results that were found indicate that there is in evident need for information for the adolescents’, the sources that were used was mostly Internet but also books and the library. Among the problems that the informants came across were the lack of information and also the age of the information.