26 U.S. Code § 831 - Tax on insurance companies other than life insurance companies

Taxes computed as provided in section 11 shall be imposed for each taxable year on the taxable income of every insurance company other than a life insurance company.

(b) Alternative tax for certain small companies

(1) In general

In lieu of the tax otherwise applicable under subsection (a), there is hereby imposed for each taxable year on the income of every insurance company to which this subsection applies a tax computed by multiplying the taxable investment income of such company for such taxable year by the rates provided in section 11(b).

(2) Companies to which this subsection applies

(A) In generalThis subsection shall apply to every insurance company other than life (including interinsurers and reciprocal underwriters) if—

(i)

the net written premiums (or, if greater, direct written premiums) for the taxable year do not exceed $1,200,000, and

(ii)

such company elects the application of this subsection for such taxable year.

The election under clause (ii) shall apply to the taxable year for which made and for all subsequent taxable years for which the requirements of clause (i) are met. Such an election, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.

(B) Controlled group rules

(i) In general

For purposes of subparagraph (A), in determining whether any company is described in clause (i) of subparagraph (A), such company shall be treated as receiving during the taxable year amounts described in such clause (i) which are received during such year by all other companies which are members of the same controlled group as the insurance company for which the determination is being made.

“more than 50 percent” shall be substituted for “at least 80 percent” each place it appears in section 1563(a), and

(II)

subsections (a)(4) and (b)(2)(D) of section 1563 shall not apply.

(3) Limitation on use of net operating lossesFor purposes of this part, except as provided in section 844, a net operating loss (as defined in section 172) shall not be carried—

(A)

to or from any taxable year for which the insurance company is not subject to the tax imposed by subsection (a), or

(B)

to any taxable year if, between the taxable year from which such loss is being carried and such taxable year, there is an intervening taxable year for which the insurance company was not subject to the tax imposed by subsection (a).

(c) Insurance company defined

For purposes of this section, the term “insurance company” has the meaning given to such term by section 816(a)).[1]

(d) Cross references

(1)

For alternative tax in case of capital gains, see section 1201(a).

(2)

For taxation of foreign corporations carrying on an insurance business within the United States, see section 842.

(3)

For exemption from tax for certain insurance companies other than life, see section 501(c)(15).

(i) by striking out “(including interinsurers and reciprocal underwriters)”;

(ii) in clause (i), by striking out “$1,200,000” and inserting “$2,200,000” and by striking out “and” at the end;

(iii) by redesignating clause (ii) as (iii) and adding the following new clause (ii):

“(ii) such company meets the diversification requirements of subparagraph (B), and”; and

(iv) in concluding provisions, by striking out “clause (ii)” and inserting “clause (iii)” and striking out “clause (i)” and inserting “clauses (i) and (ii)”;

(B) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as (C) and adding the following new subparagraph (B):

“(B) Diversification requirements

“(i) In general

“An insurance company meets the requirements of this subparagraph if—

“(I) no more than 20 percent of the net written premiums (or, if greater, direct written premiums) of such company for the taxable year is attributable to any one policyholder, or

“(II) such insurance company does not meet the requirement of subclause (I) and no person who holds (directly or indirectly) an interest in such insurance company is a specified holder who holds (directly or indirectly) aggregate interests in such insurance company which constitute a percentage of the entire interests in such insurance company which is more than a de minimis percentage higher than the percentage of interests in the specified assets with respect to such insurance company held (directly or indirectly) by such specified holder.

“(ii) Definitions

“For purposes of clause (i)(II)—

“(I) Specified holder

“The term ‘specified holder’ means, with respect to any insurance company, any individual who holds (directly or indirectly) an interest in such insurance company and who is a spouse or lineal descendant (including by adoption) of an individual who holds an interest (directly or indirectly) in the specified assets with respect to such insurance company.

“(II) Specified assets

“The term ‘specified assets’ means, with respect to any insurance company, the trades or businesses, rights, or assets with respect to which the net written premiums (or direct written premiums) of such insurance company are paid.

“(III) Indirect interest

“An indirect interest includes any interest held through a trust, estate, partnership, or corporation.

“(IV) De minimis

“Except as otherwise provided by the Secretary in regulations or other guidance, 2 percentage points or less shall be treated as de minimis.”;

(C) in clause (i) of subparagraph (C), as so redesignated:

(i) by striking “For purposes of subparagraph (A),” and inserting “For purposes of this paragraph—”;

(ii) by inserting the subclause (I) designation before “in determining” and by striking the period at the end and inserting “, and”; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following new subclause:

“(II) in determining the attribution of premiums to any policyholder under subparagraph (B)(i), all policyholders which are related (within the meaning of section 267(b) or 707(b)) or are members of the same controlled group shall be treated as one policyholder.”; and

(D) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(D) Inflation adjustment

“In the case of any taxable year beginning in a calendar year after 2015, the dollar amount set forth in subparagraph (A)(i) shall be increased by an amount equal to—

“(i) such dollar amount, multiplied by

“(ii) the cost-of-living adjustment determined under section 1(f)(3) for such calendar year by substituting ‘calendar year 2013’ for ‘calendar year 1992’ in subparagraph (B) thereof.

If the amount as adjusted under the preceding sentence is not a multiple of $50,000, such amount shall be rounded to the next lowest multiple of $50,000.”; and

(2) by redesignating subsection (d) as (e) and adding the following new subsection (d):

“(d) Reporting

“Every insurance company for which an election is in effect under subsection (b) for any taxable year shall furnish to the Secretary at such time and in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe such information for such taxable year as the Secretary shall require with respect to the requirements of subsection (b)(2)(A)(ii).”

1988—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 100–647, § 1010(f)(1), inserted at end “The election under clause (ii) shall apply to the taxable year for which made and for all subsequent taxable years for which the requirements of clause (i) are met. Such an election, once made, may be revoked only with the consent of the Secretary.”

1986—Pub. L. 99–514 amended section generally, substituting provisions imposing taxes on insurance companies other than life insurance companies, with an alternative tax on certain small companies, for provisions imposing taxes on insurance companies (other than life or mutual), mutual marine insurance companies, and certain mutual fire or flood insurance companies, with an election for multiple line companies to be taxed on total income.

1966—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–809, § 104(i)(6)(A), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b). Former subsec. (b), which excepted foreign insurance companies other than life or mutual insurance companies, foreign mutual marine insurance companies, and foreign mutual fire insurance companies not carrying on an insurance business within the United States and provided that they would be taxable as other foreign corporations, was struck out.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–834, § 8(e)(1), included flood insurance companies, and substituted provisions authorizing imposition of the tax on those companies whose principal business is the issuance of policies for which the premium deposits are the same, regardless of the length of the term for which the policies are written, if the unabsorbed portion of such premium deposits not required for losses, expenses, or establishment of reserves is returned or credited to the policyholder on cancellation or expiration of the policy for provisions which authorized imposition of tax on those companies which issued policies for which the sole premium charged is a single deposit which (except for such deduction of underwriting costs as may be provided) is refundable on cancellation or expiration of the policy.

“The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 501, 832, 834, 835, 841, 842, 844, 891, 1201, 1504, and 1563 of this title, redesignating former sections 822 and 826 of this title as sections 834 and 835 of this title, respectively, and repealing sections 821, 823, 824, and 825 of this title] (and the provisions of subsection (d) [set out below]) shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 1986.”

In the case of any insurance company which had a protection against loss account for its last taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987, there shall be included in the gross income of such company for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986, the amount which would have been included in gross income for such taxable year under section 824 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 [now 1986] (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986]). For purposes of the preceding sentence, no addition to such account shall be made for any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986. In the case of a company taxable under section 831(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as amended by subsection (a)), any amount included in gross income under this paragraph shall be treated as gross investment income.

“(2)Transitional rule for unused loss carryover under section 825.—Any unused loss carryover under section 825 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 22, 1986]) which—

“(A)

is from a taxable year beginning before January 1, 1987, and

“(B)

could have been carried under such section to a taxable year beginning after December 31, 1986, but for the repeal made by subsection (a)(1) [repealing sections 821 and 823 to 825 of this title],

shall be included in the net operating loss deduction under section 832(c)(10) of such Code without regard to the limitations of section 844(b) of such Code.”

Written determinations for this section

These documents, sometimes referred to as "Private Letter Rulings", are taken from the IRS Written Determinations page; the IRS also publishes a fuller explanation of what they are and what they mean. The collection is updated (at our end) daily. It appears that the IRS updates their listing every Friday.

Note that the IRS often titles documents in a very plain-vanilla, duplicative way. Do not assume that identically-titled documents are the same, or that a later document supersedes another with the same title. That is unlikely to be the case.

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