He was born in the Ukrainian city of Kharkiv and served in the Red Army from October 1924. At the age of 14, he entered the Kharkiv military prep school and in 1926 he was sent to study at the Military Cavalry School, graduating in 1929. From March 1929 to May 1935 he served in the cavalry and commanded a platoon and squad in the Belorussian Military District.

In 1938 he graduated with honors from the Frunze Military Academy. From September 1939 to December 1940 he was on a business trip in China and was Chief of Staff of Soviet military advisers at the headquarters of Chiang Kai-shek. Upon returning he was made Chief of Staff of the Motorized Brigade of Kaunas in the Baltic Special Military District. In March 1941 he was appointed Chief of Staff of the 202nd Motorised Division. Later that year he took command of the 254th Rifle Division. Later, during World War II, he commanded the 73rd Rifle Corps (1943–1944) and the 128th Rifle Corps (1944–1945). After World War II he was Chief of the Air Staff (1950–1953).

In December 1953 he was chosen to personally execute Lavrenty Beria as part of a plot led by Nikita Khrushchev and assisted by the military forces of Marshal Georgy Zhukov (Batitsky was Colonel-General and Deputy Commander of the Moscow Military District at the time).[1][2] Thus, he was a future Marshal of the Soviet Union who personally killed a former Marshal of the Soviet Union (Beria also held this rank from 1945 until he was arrested in June 1953).