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Section II
A Cincinnati, Underground Union Depo-^-^Part I Cincinnati Attracted Runaways
From its early days Cincinnati was an "outpost of freedom," facing Coving¬ ton and Newport, Kentucky, ramparts of slavery. It soon became a.lsq^ a union depot from which Undergroiind Railroad lines diverged northward. As a flourishing young town in I8l9 it included a congregation of Quakers and some four hundred Negroes. A decade later its colored population numbered 2, 258. The "Black Laws" of 1807, to prevent free Negroes and mulattoes from becoming public charges, also imposed a fine of $100 or less on anyone employing or harboring a colored person. But these laws remained dead letters, and in 1829 a riot drove out more than 1,000 of the black race. In l83ii Cincinnati still had 7U0 colored residents. •
Separated from Kentucky and Virginia by the Ohio River, the "Queen City" had steamboat connection with the remoter South. Thus from far and near fugitive slaves entered the city, which was a summer resort for planters from Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana by 1826. They brought servants with them, many of whom were coaxed away by local colored acquaintances. While moving freight at night Negro deck hands escaped from boats at the landing into the basements of buildings near the river, from which the janitors moved them to other hiding places.
Numerous fugitives crossed over from Covington and its vicinity, being often instructed by Cincinnati friends as to where and when to wait^and with whom to ferry over. In Covington escaping slaves were harbored by Thomas

Section II
A Cincinnati, Underground Union Depo-^-^Part I Cincinnati Attracted Runaways
From its early days Cincinnati was an "outpost of freedom," facing Coving¬ ton and Newport, Kentucky, ramparts of slavery. It soon became a.lsq^ a union depot from which Undergroiind Railroad lines diverged northward. As a flourishing young town in I8l9 it included a congregation of Quakers and some four hundred Negroes. A decade later its colored population numbered 2, 258. The "Black Laws" of 1807, to prevent free Negroes and mulattoes from becoming public charges, also imposed a fine of $100 or less on anyone employing or harboring a colored person. But these laws remained dead letters, and in 1829 a riot drove out more than 1,000 of the black race. In l83ii Cincinnati still had 7U0 colored residents. •
Separated from Kentucky and Virginia by the Ohio River, the "Queen City" had steamboat connection with the remoter South. Thus from far and near fugitive slaves entered the city, which was a summer resort for planters from Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana by 1826. They brought servants with them, many of whom were coaxed away by local colored acquaintances. While moving freight at night Negro deck hands escaped from boats at the landing into the basements of buildings near the river, from which the janitors moved them to other hiding places.
Numerous fugitives crossed over from Covington and its vicinity, being often instructed by Cincinnati friends as to where and when to wait^and with whom to ferry over. In Covington escaping slaves were harbored by Thomas