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A dispute over human rights in Saudi Arabia will not have any impact on Saudi oil supplies to Canada, its energy minister says, reassuring customers after Riyadh froze new trade with Canada and ruled out mediation efforts.

A row over human rights in Saudi Arabia will not have any impact on Saudi oil supplies to Canada, its energy minister said on Thursday, reassuring customers after Riyadh froze new trade with Canada and ruled out mediation efforts.

Saudi Arabia, infuriated by Canada's demand last week that jailed activists in the kingdom be released immediately, expelled the Canadian ambassador on Sunday, blocked imports of Canadian grain, and ended state-backed educational and medical programs in Canada.

The dispute has threatened to undermine Riyadh's foreign investment drive, a campaign already unsettled by a series of assertive political and diplomatic initiatives by the top oil exporter.

Saudi Arabia has a "firm and long-standing policy" that petroleum supplies are not influenced by political considerations, Khalid al-Falih said in a statement.

"The current diplomatic crisis between Saudi Arabia and Canada will not, in any way, impact Saudi Aramco's relations with its customers in Canada."

The Financial Times reported on Wednesday that the Saudi central bank and state pension funds had instructed their overseas asset managers to sell their Canadian equities, bonds and cash holdings.

The Saudi government's Center for International Communication (CIC) posted a tweet late on Wednesday saying "neither the government nor the Central Bank or the state pension fund has issued any instructions regarding the sale of Canadian assets."

But it promptly deleted the post without providing an explanation. CIC did not respond to a request for comment.

Foreign Affairs Minister Adel al-Jubeir on Wednesday ruled out any mediation efforts and called on Ottawa to "fix its big mistake," saying the kingdom was considering implementing more measures against Canada for interfering in Saudi Arabia's domestic affairs, without elaborating.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau later appeared to extend an olive branch, saying he would keep pressing Saudi Arabia on civil liberties, but also that the Gulf Arab state had made some progress on human rights.

"Diplomatic talks continue ... we don't want to have poor relations with Saudi Arabia. It is a country that has great significance in the world, that is making progress in the area of human rights," Trudeau said.

Saudi Arabia has in recent months detained several women's rights activists, some of whom had previously campaigned for the right to drive and an end to the kingdom's male guardianship system, the latest to be swept up in a government crackdown on activists, clerics and journalists.

'Impulsive policy-making'

Since rising to power in 2015, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has courted Western allies to support his reform plans to modernize and open up the kingdom, offering billions of dollars in arms sales and promising to fight radicalism in the kingdom.

The 32-year-old de facto ruler has launched a campaign of social and economic change, but has not eased the absolute monarchy's total ban on political activism. He has taken a more aggressive stance toward arch-rival Iran, began a three-year war in Yemen and led a boycott of fellow Gulf Arab state Qatar.

Saudi Arabian Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman has begun a campaign of social and economic change, but has not eased a total ban on political activism. (Charles Platiau/Reuters)

The latest dispute with Canada is a sign that the prince is willing to risk riling international investors in order to remain in control of the process of change, RBC Capital Markets' Helima Croft wrote in a research note.

"Western governments expressing concerns about human rights issues in the kingdom is nothing new and Saudi authorities have long pushed back against what they characterize as inappropriate interference in their internal affairs," she said.

But Prince Mohammed is more willing than predecessors to throw caution to the wind, she said, and may be extra sensitive to outside criticism in light of recent challenges implementing his ambitious economic reform agenda.

The row with Canada strengthens an impression of impulsive policy-making.

"We have seen this before. They overreact and then cannot find a way to back down without losing face," a diplomat in the Gulf region said.

In addition to the trade freeze, Riyadh has stopped sending patients to Canadian hospitals and suspended scholarships for Saudi students at Canadian post-secondary schools, ordering them to attend schools elsewhere.

Bilateral trade between Canada and Saudi Arabia is worth more than $3.9 billion a year. Canadian exports to Saudi Arabia were about $1.46 billion in 2017, or 0.2 per cent of the total value of Canadian exports.

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