Abstract:

A latching mechanism for selectively disengaging an upper pump from a
motor in an ESP. The latching mechanism comprises barbs formed on an
upper end of an upper shaft that are engaged by a tool to lift the upper
shaft until a lower end of the upper shaft disengages from an upper end
of a motor shaft. When the upper pump is disengaged from the motor shaft,
only a lower pump is driven by the motor and flow of well fluid is
circulated past the disengaged upper pump via a bypass line. The upper
pump shaft may reengage the motor shaft if additional lift is required.

Claims:

1. A well pump assembly, comprising:upper and lower pumps adapted to be
suspended within a well, each of the pumps having a rotatable shaft
enclosed within a housing, the shafts having mating ends that are coupled
together by a splined coupling; andthe shaft of the upper pump being
upwardly movable relative to the housing of the upper pump and relative
to the shaft of the lower pump from a coupled position to a de-coupled
position.

2. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:a bypass conduit
extending from a discharge of the lower pump alongside the upper pump to
a discharge of the upper pump; anda closure member that blocks flow from
the lower pump through the bypass conduit while the shafts are in the
coupled position and opens flow through the bypass conduit while the
shafts are in the de-coupled position.

3. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:an upper portion
of a latch mounted in the housing of the upper pump;a lower portion of
the latch mounted to the shaft of the upper pump for upward movement
therewith, the lower portion of the latch engaging the upper portion of
the latch when the shaft of the upper pump is moved upwardly to the
de-coupled position to retain the shaft of the upper pump in the
de-coupled position.

4. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein the lower portion of the
latch comprises:a protrusion extending radially outward from the shaft of
the upper pump relative to an axis of the shaft of the upper pump.

5. The assembly according to claim 3, wherein the upper portion of the
latch comprises:a spring retainer stationarily mounted in the housing of
the upper pump and surrounding the shaft of the upper pump, the spring
retainer having downwardly extending fingers that are resilient to engage
the lower portion of the latch.

6. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:a grapple
stationarily mounted in the housing of the upper pump;a protrusion
mounted to the shaft of the upper pump for upward movement therewith, the
protrusion extending radially outward from the shaft, the protrusion
being spaced below the grapple while the shaft of the upper pump is in
the coupled position, the protrusion moving upward with the shaft of the
upper pump and being grasped by the grapple when the shaft of the upper
pump moves to the de-coupled position, thereby retaining the shaft of the
upper pump in the de-coupled position.

7. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:a tool adapted to
be lowered into the well by wireline, the tool having a latching
mechanism to engage and lift the shaft of the upper pump to the
de-coupled position.

8. The assembly according to claim 7, further comprising:a lower discharge
conduit between the lower pump and the upper pump;an upper discharge
conduit at an upper end of the upper pump;a bypass conduit extending from
a port in a sidewall of the lower discharge conduit alongside the upper
pump to a port in a sidewall of the discharge conduit;a sliding sleeve
mounted within the upper discharge conduit, the sleeve having a lower
position that blocks the port in the upper discharge conduit and an upper
position that opens the port in the upper discharge conduit; andwherein
the tool simultaneously moves the sliding sleeve to the open position
while moving the shaft of the upper pump to the de-coupled position.

9. The assembly according to claim 7, further comprising a fishing neck on
an upper end of the shaft of the upper pump for engagement by the tool.

10. The assembly according to claim 1, further comprising:a wireline tool
adapted to be lowered into the well into engagement with an upper end of
the shaft of the upper pump so that an upward pull on the wireline lifts
the shaft of the upper pump to the de-coupled position;a retainer in the
housing of the upper pump that releasably holds the shaft of the upper
pump in the decoupled position, allowing the wireline tool to be
retrieved; and whereinthe wireline tool is adapted to be configured to be
lowered again into the well to deliver an impact to the shaft of the
upper pump, moving the shaft of the upper pump back into the coupled
position.

11. A well having a pumping assembly, comprising:a string of production
tubing extending into the well;upper and lower pumps suspended on the
string of tubing, each of the pumps having a rotatable shaft enclosed
within a housing, the shafts having mating ends that are coupled together
by a splined coupling;the shaft of the upper pump being upwardly movable
relative to the housing of the upper pump and relative to the shaft of
the lower pump from a coupled position to a de-coupled position;a
retainer in the upper pump that releasably holds the shaft of the upper
pump in the de-coupled position; anda motor located below the lower pump
and operably connected to the shaft of the lower pump for rotating the
shafts while the shafts are in the coupled position, the motor rotating
the shaft of the lower pump while the shafts are in the de-coupled
position.

12. The assembly according to claim 11, further comprising:a bypass
conduit extending from a discharge of the lower pump alongside the upper
pump to a discharge of the upper pump; anda closure member that blocks
flow from the lower pump through the bypass conduit while the shafts are
in the coupled position and opens flow through the bypass conduit while
the shafts are in the de-coupled position.

13. The assembly according to claim 11, further comprising:a tool adapted
to be lowered into the production tubing by wireline, the tool having a
latching mechanism to engage and lift the shaft of the upper pump to the
de-coupled position.

14. The assembly according to claim 13, further comprising:a lower
discharge conduit between the lower pump and the upper pump;an upper
discharge conduit at an upper end of the upper pump;a bypass conduit
extending from a port in a sidewall of the lower discharge conduit
alongside the upper pump to a port in a sidewall of the discharge
conduit;a sliding sleeve mounted within the upper discharge conduit, the
sleeve having a lower position that blocks the port in the upper
discharge conduit and an upper position that opens the port in the upper
discharge conduit; andwherein the tool simultaneously moves the sliding
sleeve to the open position while moving the shaft of the upper pump to
the de-coupled position.

15. A method for disconnecting an upper well pump from a lower well pump
of a submersible well pump assembly, each of the well pumps having a
housing enclosing a rotatable shaft, the shafts being coupled together by
a splined coupling, the pump assembly having a motor coupled to the shaft
of the lower pump for rotating the shafts while coupled together, the
method comprising:(a) moving the shaft of the upper pump upward relative
to the housing of the upper pump and relative to the shaft of the lower
pump from a coupled position to a decoupled position;(b) retaining the
shaft of the upper pump in the housing of the upper pump in the
de-coupled position; then(c) operating the motor to rotate the shaft of
the lower pump relative to the shaft of the upper pump.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:connecting a bypass conduit
from a discharge of the lower pump to a point above the upper
port;closing the bypass conduit while the shafts are in the coupled
position;opening the bypass conduit while the shafts are in the
de-coupled position; andstep (c) comprises flowing well fluid from the
lower pump through the bypass conduit.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the pump assembly is suspended on a
string of production tubing, and step (a) comprises:lowering a tool on
wireline through the tubing and engaging the shaft of the upper pump with
the tool; thenoperating the tool to move the shaft of the upper pump
upward.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein operating the tool to move the shaft
comprises pulling upward on the wireline.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein step (b) comprises:mounting an upper
portion of a latch in the housing of the upper pump;mounting a lower
portion of the latch to the shaft of the upper pump, the lower portion of
the latch being spaced below the upper portion of the latch while the
upper shaft is in the coupled position; andmoving the lower portion of
the latch upward with the shaft of the upper pump into releasable
engagement with the upper portion of the latch while the upper shaft is
being moved to the de-coupled position.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:after step (c), moving the
shaft of the upper pump downward from the de-coupled position to the
coupled position.

Description:

[0002]This invention relates in general to the operation of electrical
submersible pumps (ESPs), including Electrical Submersible Progressive
Cavity Pumps (ESPCPs) and in particular to changing the pump size of an
ESP or ESPCP in a well while ESP or ESPCP system is installed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003]Electrical submersible pumps ("ESP") are used to pump wellbore
fluids from the depths of the earth to the surface. A typical ESP has a
motor, a seal section, and a pump. The motor rotates a shaft inside the
seal section. The seal section shaft is connected to the pump. The ESP
pump is typically an impeller pump having multiple stages. Each pump
stage has an impeller and a diffuser through which wellbore fluid travel.
In operation, wellbore fluids enter the first impeller and are
accelerated by centrifugal force out of the impeller into the adjacent
diffuser. The diffuser then reduces the velocity of the wellbore fluid,
converts the high velocity to pressure, and directs the fluid into the
next impeller. The pressure of the wellbore fluid is increased with each
successive stage as described above, until the fluid is discharged from
the pump into tubing that carries the fluid to the surface.

[0004]A central pump shaft is connected to the seal section shaft. As the
motor rotates, it ultimately causes the central pump shaft to rotate. The
central pump shaft passes through each impeller. Keys or splines on the
shaft engage corresponding slots on each impeller so that the impellers
rotate with the shaft. Spacers are frequently required between the
impellers so that the impellers are properly spaced to engage the
diffusers.

[0005]A electrical submersible progressive cavity pump ("ESPCP") having a
single stator and a rotor may also be used. A typical ESPCP has a motor,
a seal section, and a pump. An optional gearbox may also be included. A
PCP is a positive displacement pump in which the rotor and the stator
have cavities that are filled with fluid. As the rotor is rotated by the
motor, fluid is moved upward. For discussion purposes only, ESP is used
throughout with the understanding that either an ESP or ESPCP can be
used.

[0006]Multiple ESP pumps may be connected in series and used in a single
well. The ESP pumps are typically driven by a single motor with the shaft
running through each of the ESP's. During operation, multiple ESP pumps,
or tandem pumps, arranged in this manner provide additional lift that may
be necessary to lift the wellbore fluids to the surface.

[0007]In wells where tandem pumps are deployed, there may be times during
the life of a well where a reduced number of stages or a single ESP pump
may be required to lift the fluids. Running the additional ESP pump or
increased number of stages is inefficient and expensive. However, to
disengage the ESP pumps from the shaft, the ESP string typically requires
the ESP system to be pulled out of the well. This is an expensive
proposition because production must be stopped during this procedure and
subsea replacement can cost millions of dollars.

[0008]It would be advantageous to selectively engage or disengage an ESP
pump from a drive shaft without pulling the ESP assembly from the well.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009]In an embodiment of the present technique, a latching mechanism
including a pump shaft adapted to latchingly engage a tool for
disengaging the pump shaft of the upper pump from engagement with a
second shaft of a lower pump, is shown. The lower pump shaft transfers
torque produced by a motor to drive a pump shaft in the upper pump when
they are engaged through coupling. This embodiment further includes a
sleeve keyed to the pump shaft that is in sliding engagement with a
stationary bushing connected to a bearing housing that is located within
the pump. A spring retainer may be connected to the stationary bushing to
allow for receiving and retaining of a protrusion keyed to the pump
shaft. This allows the pump shaft to be maintained in a disengaged
position, effectively changing the size and capacity of the ESP assembly.
The invention described herein may also be used with progressive cavity
pumps to change their size and capacity.

[0010]The latching mechanism may also include an adapter located at the
upper end of the of the pump that has a cylindrical body. The adapter may
have a bypass port and a sleeve that is in sliding engagement with the
adapter. The sleeve slides between a closed position and open position to
control well fluid flowing through the bypass port. A bypass line may
also be used to communicate well fluid from a discharge of a pump driven
by the motor to the bypass port of the adapter to thereby bypass the
disengaged pump. Thus, the latching mechanism described above
advantageously changes the pump size to prevent wasteful operation and
without the need for pulling the ESP string to disengage the upper pump.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011]FIG. 1 shows an ESP with multiple pumps and suspended from
production tubing, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0012]FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an adapter for disconnecting the shaft
of a pump, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0013]FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an adapter for disconnecting the shaft
of a pump with a sleeve in a position to allow flow from a bypass, in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0014]FIG. 4A is an enlarged sectional view of an upper pump assembly, in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0015]FIG. 4B is an enlarged sectional view of a lower end of an upper
pump assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

[0016]FIG. 4c is an enlarged sectional view of a top end of a lower pump
assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017]In FIG. 1, an embodiment of a well pump assembly 10 is shown in a
sideview. The pump assembly 10 of FIG. 1 include a motor 11 at its base
that is connected on its upper end to a seal section 13. A lower pump 15,
is attached to the seal section 13 upper end that in turn connects to an
upper pump 17. Seal section 13 equalizes the pressure of lubricant in the
interior of motor 11 with hydrostatic well fluid pressure. Motor 11
rotates a shaft (not shown) coupled to a shaft of lower pump 15; lower
pump 15 shaft is coupled to a shaft of upper pump 17. During normal
operation, motor 11 drives both upper and lower pump 15, 17 shafts, and
fluid discharged by lower pump 15 flows into the intake of upper pump 17.
Pumps 15, 17 provide the lift required to overcome the initial, high
viscosity of the well fluid. In addition, because the head produced by a
pump varies with the square of the speed of the motor 11, running pumps
15, 17 together compensates for the initially low speed of the motor 11
at startup. However, as well fluid flow increases, fluid temperature also
increases to decrease fluid viscosity. Further, lift from one pump is
sufficient once higher motor speeds are achieved. Operating the two pumps
15, 17 can thus be wasteful and inefficient once sufficient lift can be
generated by one pump.

[0018]In an embodiment of this invention, the upper pump 17 can be
selectively disconnected from the lower pump 15 driven by motor 11
without pulling the pump assembly out of the well. Production would be
stopped momentarily to disengage the shaft 29 (FIGS. 2 and 3) of the
upper pump 17. After disconnection, the fluid from lower pump 15 could
flow though upper pump 17, and into production tubing 27 for flowing to
the surface. The internal parts, such as the impeller, of the
disconnected upper pump 17 would introduce a pressure drop that the
connected lower pump 15 would have to overcome. Further, the fluid
flowing through upper pump 17 rotates its impeller.

[0019]The embodiment of FIG. 1 also includes a bypass line 19 connected on
one end to a discharge of lower pump 15. An adapter 21 (which will be
described in more detail below) is shown disposed between the upper pump
17 and production tubing 23. The end of the bypass line opposite the
lower pump 15 connects to the adapter 21.

[0020]Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 1, fluid flow can bypass the
disconnected upper pump 17. When upper pump 17 is disconnected from being
driven by the motor shaft, the flow from lower pump 15 can flow through a
port 50 (FIG. 4c) to the bypass 19 and into adapter 21. The bypass line
19 registers with a port 20 at its upper end that is formed through the
annular adapter wall. An embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate one
way fluid can selectively be directed through the bypass 19 and adapter
21 and into the production tubing 23 for flowing to the surface. An
annular sliding sleeve 25 as shown can be coaxially located within
adapter 21. When upper pump 17 driven by the motor shaft, the sliding
sleeve 25 covers the port 20, thereby blocking flow exiting the bypass
19. Seals 22 can prevent fluid flow between the sleeve 25 and adapter 21.
To shift sleeve 25 away from the bore 20 as shown in FIG. 3, a tool 27
shown in dashed outline, such as an overshot tool, can be lowered through
tubing 23 (FIG. 1) on wireline 32. The tool 27 can be conventional, with
outward facing, spring loaded lugs that can engage, for example, a
shoulder (not shown) on the inner surface of the sleeve 25.

[0021]FIGS. 4A and 4B, illustrate one embodiment for disengaging the shaft
29 of the upper pump 17 from the motor 11. Although the adapter 21 is
shown without the sliding sleeve 25 described above, the sleeve 25 can
also be used as previously described. An annular bearing housing 30
located inside the upper pump 17 circumscribes and radially supports the
shaft 29 at its upper end. A sleeve 31, which supports a ball stop 33, is
coaxially mounted around and keyed to the shaft 29. The ball stop 33 can
be a ball with a passage drilled through it and a key formed within the
passage that can engage a slot on the shaft 29. Alternatively, a slot
could be formed within the passage in the ball stop 33 that could receive
a key or rib formed on the shaft 29. A conventional split ring assembly
(not shown) can be used to lock the ball stop 33 to a location on the
shaft 29 or alternatively, retaining rings 38, 39 can be keyed to the
shaft 29 on either side of the ball stop 33 to lock it into place. The
ball stop 33 snaps into engagement with a spring retainer or grapple 35
to hold shaft 29 in the upper disengaged position after wireline tool 27
is retrieved. In this embodiment, the grapple 35 is supported from the
bearing housing 30. As shown, the grapple 35 includes cantilevered spring
members 34 mounted to the annular bearing housing 30. An annular bushing
36 connects to one end of the cantilevered spring members 34 and is
disposed around the shaft 29. The spring members 34 have a free end 40
depending downward towards the ball stop 33 and a mid-section 42 profiled
similar to the ball stop 33 outer periphery.

[0022]During the disengagement operation, the shaft 29 of the upper pump
17 can be disengaged at the same time the tool 27 shifts the sliding
sleeve 25 upward to open the bypass bore 20 (FIG. 3). The tool 27 can
latch onto the fishing neck 28 of shaft 29 (FIG. 2). The tool 27 can have
inward facing, spring loaded lugs that can latch onto the fishing neck
28. Although the fishing neck 28 is shown with multiple recesses, a
single recess can allow engagement with the tool 27. Once the tool 27
latches onto the shaft 29 of upper pump 17, it is pulled upward
sufficiently to cause splines 44 (FIG. 4B) at the lower end of the shaft
29 to disengage from a coupling 54 (FIG. 4c) secured to a top end of a
lower shaft 52 with a pin 60 and running through an axis of lower pump 15
as shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C. This essentially disconnects the upper pump
17 from the lower pump 15. An annular bushing 62 is disposed around the
lower shaft 52 which surrounds a bushing 64. The bushing 64 is keyed to
the lower shaft 52 and is in contact with a sleeve 66 that may also be
keyed to the shaft 52. As in the upper pump 17, the lower pump shaft 52
is radially supported at its top end to the annular bearing housing 70 of
the lower pump 15.

[0023]As shaft 29 moves upward, it also moves sleeve 31, a bushing 37
keyed to the shaft 29, and retaining ring 39 also keyed to the shaft 29,
upward relative to the grapple 35 and bushing 36. The shaft 29 is pulled
upward until the ball stop 33 snaps into engagement with the grapple 35
to hold shaft 29 in the upper disengaged position. Bushing 36 on grapple
35 and bushing 37 keyed to the shaft 29 slidingly and coaxially engage
when the ball stop 33 snaps into engagement with the grapple 35. A
retaining ring 38 located below the ball stop 33 and keyed to the shaft
supports the ball stop 33 and prevents it from moving if the shaft 29 is
overpulled. As explained earlier, in this embodiment, the ball stop 33
can be locked into place on the shaft 29 by the retaining ring 38 located
below the ball stop 33 and the retaining ring 39 located above bushing
37. In addition to locking the ball stop 33 in place, in this embodiment
the retaining rings 38, 39 also function to hold the portion of the
sleeve 31 and bushing 37 between the retaining rings, in place. To
retrieve the tool 27, a shear pin (not shown) in the tool can be sheared
to release from the fishing neck 28 barbs on the shaft 29. The shaft 29
can be reconnected to lower pump shaft 52 (FIG. 4c) and thus the motor by
landing a weight bar on the upper end of the shaft 29. This disengages
the ball stop 33 from the grapple 35, thus allowing the splines 44 (FIG.
4B) at the lower end of shaft 29 to reengage the splines 56 and recesses
58 (FIG. 4c) on the coupling 54 at the upper end of the lower pump shaft
52.

[0024]In an additional embodiment, shaft 29 and sliding sleeve 25 could be
shifted upward by sending power to an electromechanical device
permanently mounted to adapter 21. The electromechanical device would
thus disconnect the shaft 29 and open the bypass port 19. The shaft 29
and sliding sleeve 25 could also be shifted upward by a hydraulically
device permanently mounted to adapter 21.

[0025]This written description uses examples to disclose the invention,
including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art
to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or
systems and performing any incorporated methods. These embodiments are
not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The patentable scope of
the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples
that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended
to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements
that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they
include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences
from the literal language of the claims.