..Available data justify moving forward in a responsible way with these dopaminergic neurons, which should be tested, using optimal patient selection, cell preparation and transplantation procedures, in controlled clinical studies. ..

..Mechanisms of graft-induced dyskinesias are much better understood, and patients with well functioning grafts can exhibit long-term motor recovery of therapeutic value even in the presence of non-motor symptoms...

Why is it taking so long to develop clinically competitive stem cell therapies for CNS disorders?

..Clinical trials are ongoing but there is currently no proven stem cell-based therapy for stroke. Preclinical studies and clinical research will be needed to optimize the therapeutic benefit and minimize the risks of stem cells in stroke...

..In particular, we need to better understand the mechanisms of action of stem cells after transplantation and learn how to control stem cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation in the pathological environment...

..We explored whether MCAO leads to hypoxia, changes in vessel density, and angiogenesis in the ipsilateral SVZ and adjacent striatum, and determined the relation between the migrating neuroblasts and the vasculature...

..Our results provide the first evidence that TNF-R1 is a negative regulator of stroke-induced SVZ progenitor proliferation. Blockade of TNF-R1 signaling might be a novel strategy to promote the proliferative response in SVZ after stroke...

..Our data show that NSCs derived from human fetal cortex and striatum exhibit region-specific differentiation in vitro, and survive, migrate, and form mature neurons to the same extent after intrastriatal transplantation in newborn rats...

..We propose that the degree of survival of newly generated neurons is determined primarily by the initial SE insult and the ensuing pathology in the tissue environment, whereas spontaneous seizures play a minor role...

..Our findings indicate that the NSCs in adult rat SVZ give rise directly to neuroblasts. During mitosis, the NSCs disassemble the primary cilium and symmetrically distribute EGFR and PDGFRalpha among their progeny...

Neural stem and progenitor cells retain their potential for proliferation and differentiation into functional neurons despite lower number in aged brain

..2% of them contain Lewy bodies. In conclusion, our results show that grafted dopaminergic neurons can survive for more than two decades. However, over time an increasing proportion of grafted neurons exhibit signs of degeneration. ..

Research in motion: the enigma of Parkinson's disease pathology spread

..These findings indicate that the Mac-1-expressing microglia in the SVZ do not play a major role either for the number of neuroblasts which exit the SVZ or their migration in the striatum early following stroke...

..Our study provides the first evidence that transplantation of human iPSC-derived cells is a safe and efficient approach to promote recovery after stroke and can be used to supply the injured brain with new neurons for replacement...

Meteorin is a chemokinetic factor in neuroblast migration and promotes stroke-induced striatal neurogenesis

..Our findings identify METRN as a new factor promoting neurogenesis both in vitro and in vivo by multiple mechanisms. Further work will be needed to translate METRN's actions on endogenous neurogenesis into improved recovery after stroke...

Functional integration of new hippocampal neurons following insults to the adult brain is determined by characteristics of pathological environment

..This study provides further evidence that following insults to the adult brain, the pattern of synaptic alterations at afferent inputs to newly generated neurons is dependent on the characteristics of the pathological environment...

..How the aged brain responds to grafted iPSCs is unknown. We determined survival and differentiation of grafted human fibroblast-derived iPSCs and their ability to improve recovery in aged rats after stroke...

FoxJ1-expressing cells contribute to neurogenesis in forebrain of adult rats: evidence from in vivo electroporation combined with piggyBac transposon

..Joint efforts of basic researchers and clinicians are needed to develop safe and reproducible NSPC sources, test them in relevant animal models of stroke, and optimize the recovery of impaired functions...

..Our data indicate that long-term delivery of a neurotrophic factor, which is considered as a novel neuroprotective strategy for human brain diseases, may attenuate intrinsic neuroregenerative responses...

..Our data raise the possibility that suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis by activated microglia contributes to cognitive dysfunction in aging, dementia, epilepsy, and other conditions leading to brain inflammation...

..Stem cell therapy (SCT) may promote functional recovery also in stroke patients, thereby improving quality of life and reducing costs. Our aim was to estimate the potential societal value of SCT in stroke patients...

Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke

..In this review we propose a road map to the clinic and describe the different scientific tasks that need to be accomplished to move stem cell-based approaches toward application in stroke patients...

..Although promising, both questionnaires warrant further developmental work and stronger support of measurement validity before they could be considered fully suitable for valid use in PD, in particular in earlier stages of the disease...

..We observe that intrastriatal delivery of NGF and BDNF using a viral vector system can mitigate, albeit only moderately, neuronal death following stroke, which leads to detectable functional sparing...

..The study illustrates the value of early health economic modeling and the described model shows promise as a means to estimate outcomes and aid decision-making regarding novel interventions for PD...

Prostaglandin E2 and BDNF levels in rat hippocampus are negatively correlated with status epilepticus severity: no impact on survival of seizure-generated neurons