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Summary

Waging War: Conflict, Culture, and Innovation in World History provides a wide-ranging examination of war in human history, from the beginning of the species until the current rise of the so-called Islamic State. Although it covers many societies throughout time, the book does not attempt to tell all stories from all places, nor does it try to narrate "important" conflicts. Instead, author Wayne E. Lee describes the emergence of military innovations and systems, examining how they were created and then how they moved or affected other societies. These innovations are central to most historical narratives, including the development of social complexity, the rise of the state, the role of the steppe horseman, the spread of gunpowder, the rise of the west, the bureaucratization of military institutions, the industrial revolution and the rise of firepower, strategic bombing and nuclear weapons, and the creation of "people's war."

Author Biography

Wayne E. Lee is Professor of History at the University of North Carolina and Chair of the Curriculum in Peace, War, and Defense. He is the author of Barbarians and Brothers: Anglo-American Warfare, 1500-1865 (OUP, 2011) and Crowds and Soldiers in Revolutionary North Carolina: The Culture of Violencein Riot and War (2001).

Table of Contents

List of FiguresList of MapsList of TablesPrefaceAbout the Author

Introduction: Capacity, Calculation, and Culture

1. The Origins of War and of the State: to 2500 BCE Is War Innate?War among Animals, ChimpanzeesThe Evidence for Early Human WarfareBiology and SelectionSedentism, Agriculture, and WarA Lord among Lords and the Rise of the StateWarring Complex Societies outside the State

2. Carts, Chariots, Cavalry, and Catastrophe: 3500-700 BCEKings and CartsInventing the Chariot: Tribes, Horses, and Bronze on the SteppeChariots and the Urban Politics of the Near East and Egypt 1500-1200 BCEChariots under Heaven: China, 1200-400 BCEGods and Heroes: The Chariot in India and EuropeCatastrophe, Cavalry, and the Decline of the Chariot in the Near East

3. Men in Lines with Spears: 900 BCE-300 BCEMasses of Men in the BackgroundAssyria RebornCommunal Solidarity and the Greek Hoplite PhalanxThe Macedonian Sarissa Phalanx

4. Discipline and Frontiers in the Agricultural Empires: Rome and China, 300 BCE-400 CERome: Disciplina and LimesInfantrymen and Walls in Han China

6. War under Oars: 700 BCE-1600 CEThe Earliest ShippingThe Trireme and the MediterraneanVariations on a Theme: Hellenistic Invention and Gigantism, Rome, Greek Fire, and the Gunpowder Galley

7. Gunpowder in Europe and in the Ottoman Empire: 1300 CE-1650 CEEurope and the Ottoman Empire 1300-1683The Technology of Gunpowder and Gunpowder WeaponsSiege Cannon to 1650The Artillery Fortress, 1450 to 1650Infantry and Firearms, 1450-1650Conclusion: A Military Revolution?

8. Adapting to Gunpowder (or not): On the Open Seas, Africa, North America, and AsiaMaritime PowerThe Gun-Slave Cycle in Africa?Amerindians and GunpowderGunpowder and the Steppe: China from Ming to ManchuConclusion: The Military Revolution Problem

10. The Age of Steam and the Industrial Empires, 1815-1905Invention and ProductionCoal & Steam NaviesScrambling for EmpireThe Rise of Japan

11. Men Against Fire, 1861-1917The American Civil War: A False Dawn of "Modern War"?Prussian Reforms, a General Staff, and German UnificationFirepowerFirepower and the Scramble for Empire: Dahomey and EthiopiaWorld War I

12. Wars of Maneuver?: 1919-2003DoctrineAvoiding Deadlock and World War IIThe German Model?The Arab-Israeli WarsAirLand Battle

13. The Lure of Strategic Air Power, The Nuclear Paradox, and the Revolution in Military Affairs?: 1915-2003Strategic Bombing, 1915 to July 1945Nuclear Weapons as Air PowerThe Nuclear Shadow and Limited War in Korea and VietnamThe Return of Strategic Air Power and the Revolution in Military Affairs?

14. Bringing Down the State: Guerrillas, Insurgents, Terrorism, and Counterinsurgency, 1930-2014The Revolutionary Response to the Industrial State: Mao, Giap, and GuevaraTerrorism and Insurgency by TerrorismCounterinsurgency and Counter Terror