Weight is constantly rising, and the clothes are starting to feel tight. Do not stress first. You can lose weight by doing simple things and without draining the pockets.

Losing weight is easy, as long as you know the key and always apply it in everyday life.

Here are 7 easy ways you can do to lose weight:

1. Drink water before meals

According to research, drinking water before meals can help you lose weight.

Why is that? Eating water before eating can have a satiety effect, which in the end may make you reluctant to eat a large amount of food, or not even touch it at all.

Sometimes, you also think that the body is hungry and immediately rushes spooning rice and side dishes to the plate. Or you just choose a high-calorie snack.

In fact, maybe what you feel is just thirst not hungry. So, when such conditions attack, try to overcome by drinking water first.

2. Do not forget breakfast

You may think the body weight can be reduced by reducing your daily allowance such as the absence of breakfast.

In fact, it can make you starve and eat more portions of snacks throughout the day.

Make sure you eat a healthy breakfast menu, such as consuming a boiled egg and a banana. Or it could also make fruit juice mixed with low-fat milk, plus a sheet of wheat bread.

3. Eating in small portions

You can use a smaller plate or bowl than usual when picking up food. According to research, this habit may be able to get you to eat in small amounts, which means, the intake of calories into the body is reduced.

Although eating in small portions, you can still feel full when you eat slowly. Eating slowly will stimulate the brain to think that we are full.

If you eat at a restaurant, you can order a portion of the children, or if it is not there, you can order one menu but for two people to eat. Or, you can wrap half the portion to take home.

Eating small meals but often (4-5 times a day) is better and can help you lose weight, rather than eating in large portions 3 times a day.

4. Eat the right foods

Foods are friendly to you who want to lose weight, i.e. protein and fiber intake. Protein foods can make you full longer, so do not need to eat many times.

Protein can also help the body burn fat. Choose healthy sources of protein for the body such as egg whites, yoghurt, lean meats, seafood, soybeans, nuts, or cheese.

Fiber foods can also make you full longer, but low in calories. Fibrous foods you can consume such as vegetables, fruits, whole-grain foods, nuts, seeds, or popcorn without butter.

You can add chilli to your food to help satisfy your appetite. According to dietitians, foods that can satisfy the tongue can prevent you to eat more.

5. No need to hate food

You do not need to avoid the foods you like. If you stay away from it, then you will be more eager to consume it.

So, the key is not to stay away, but you should know the normal levels you can consume not to become fat. For example, you can buy a pastry unit, rather than buy staples.

6. Get enough sleep

The body can produce hormones that make you eager to eat (hormone ghrelin) when you lack sleep. This can lead to weight gain.

Lack of sleep also disrupts the body’s metabolic system. As a result, the body’s performance breaks down the nutrients into energy becomes disturbed. These substances can then accumulate in the body and converted into fat.

7. Let’s move!

It’s not a secret anymore if the sport is always associated with the method of weight loss. According to some studies, regular exercise can help burn excess calories that cannot be trimmed just by dieting.

The ideal weight that can be trimmed from the body per week ranges from half to one kilogram.

If you are too fast, you risk having health problems such as lack of nutrition, body fatigue, fatigue, muscle tissue damage, or rapid weight rise again.

Cancer is one of the highest causes of death in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) recorded 10 million cases of cancer diagnosed in the year 200 and increased to 14 million cases in 2012 – 8.2 million of whom died from cancer.

WHO estimates the number of cancer patients globally will rise to 19 million people in 2025. The increasing number of cases of cancer makes the researchers continue to develop various ways in the treatment of cancer.

One way to treat and increase the life expectancy of cancer patients is with the cancer vaccine. Indeed, how does it work?

Overview of cancer vaccine

In principle, a cancer vaccine is similar to a vaccine used against other diseases.

Vaccines work by training the immune system to recognise and combat pathogens, either viruses or bacteria.

To do this, certain molecules of the pathogen must be inserted into the body to trigger an immune response, called the antigen.

By injecting antigens into the body through vaccination, the immune system can recognise the pathogen causing the disease by producing antibodies.

It is these antibodies that will fight pathogens before they spread and cause disease. The antibodies will also recognise the pathogen of the disease if it reappears later.

The difference is for cancer vaccine, the vaccine maker component is not from virus or bacteria that have been turned off. Both do not cause cancer.

Therefore, the components of the cancer vaccine maker will be tailored to each patient’s condition and given when the cancer has emerged, not aiming for prevention.

How does a cancer vaccine work?

Cancer vaccines are “charged” by components containing specific molecules that are only present in cancer cells, so the vaccine can help the immune system recognise malignant cells and instruct immune cells to seek and destroy cancer cells.

Researchers start by sequencing the genes that encode proteins in a patient’s tumour called neoantigen. Then they use a computer to predict which neoantigen is best known for immune cells.

Furthermore, the scientists provided vaccines containing up to 20 specific and different neoantigen for each patient’s cancer.

How much chance can a cancer vaccine cure cancer?

One study led by Dr Catherine Wu, a scientist at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, vaccinated six skin cancer melanoma patients, who had previously performed surgical removal procedures for tumours.

They make a specific vaccine for each patient and inject it under the skin of the patient regularly for five months. They found that as many as four patients showed no signs of recurrence after 25 months.

Although two other patients have relapsed, they can be completely cured after additional therapy is a PD-1 inhibitor that can generate the immune system.

Similar results came from other experiments by Dr Ugur Sahin from Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany. They experimented on 13 patients with melanoma, which had previously removed the tumour.

They injected a vaccine containing up to 10 neoantigens into the patient’s lymph nodes and found eight patients of whom did not recur after 23 months.

One of the five patients who had recurrence was also able to recover completely after PD-1 inhibitor was administered.

Is the cancer vaccine widely available?

Not yet. Although the personalised cancer vaccine has been shown to trigger an immune response in the human body to fight cancer cells, the results of this study are still on a small scale.

Lung cancer is a cancer that begins in lung cells. This is not the same thing as cancer begins elsewhere and spreads to the lungs. Initially, the main symptoms occur in the respiratory system. In the later stages of lung cancer, especially if it spreads in distant areas, it can affect many of your body systems.

Lung cancer can affect more than your lungs. Once you have tumors in the lungs, cancer cells can rupture and form new neoplasms or if unbearable tumor cells enter the lymphatic system or bloodstream, they can travel to other parts of the body. This process is called metastasis. Lung cancer tends to spread to:

Lymph gland

Brain

Heart

Adrenal gland

Lung cancer initially affect only the lungs and respiratory system. Other symptoms vary depending on where the cancer migrates.

Respiratory system

As cancer cells in the lungs split and multiply, they form tumors. Over time, new tumors may grow nearby in the lungs or membranes around the lungs. The membrane around the lungs is called the pleura. It can also spread to the airways and chest wall.

It is not unusual to have no symptoms in the early stages of lung cancer. In the early stages, lung cancer is not easily seen on chest x-ray. At first, you may notice some respiratory symptoms. Often bronchitis or pneumonia attacks can be a sign of lung cancer. You can also see other changes in your voice. You can develop persistent or repeated cough. An intense cough can produce mucus. As the disease develops, the mucus may change color or there is blood in it.

A severe cough can cause sore throat and chest. Chest pain may worsen as you breathe or cough. A common symptom of advanced lung cancer is lack of breath. You can blow or hear other sounds as you breathe. While cancerous tumors begin to block the airway, breathing becomes more difficult. Fluids can accumulate around the lungs. When this happens, your lungs cannot fully develop as you breathe. Even mild physical activity can be the tension of your breath.

The circulatory and cardiovascular system

Carcinogenic cells from the lungs can enter the bloodstream. The circulatory system is a way of spreading cancer from the lungs to other organs. If you cough up blood, it’s possible that the tumor in your airway is bleeding. If bleeding is severe, treatments are available to control it. Treatment may include palliative radiation or bronchial artery embolization. In arterial bronchial embolism, doctors use a catheter to locate and block the hemorrhagic artery. If you have lung cancer, you are at high risk for blood clots. A blood clot that moves into the lungs is called pulmonary embolism. This is a potentially life-threatening event.

This does not happen often, but lung cancer can spread to the heart or pericardial sac. The pericardial sac is the tissue around the heart. Cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy, can be toxic to heart cells. Heart damage can be seen immediately, but it sometimes takes years to be detected.

Immune system and excretion

The cancer can metastasize from the lungs entering nearby lymph nodes. Once in the cells the lymphatic system can reach other organs and form new tumors. Burns and lumps around the clavicle, neck or armpits may be caused by cancer in the lymph nodes. You may also notice swelling of your neck or face. Some types of lung cancer cause hormone-like substances into the bloodstream. It can also cause problems with other organs. This is called “paraneoplastic syndrome”.

One of the common sites for the spread of lung cancer is the liver, which can cause itching. Symptoms of jaundice include yellowing of the skin and white eyes. Another symptom of cancer in the liver is the pain on the right side. Feeling bad after eating rich foods is another symptom. Your doctor may use a blood test to find out more about heart health.

Other systems

Other common symptoms of cancer include:

Unexplained weight loss

Lack of appetite

Common weakness

Fatigue

Lung cancer often spreads to the adrenal glands but does not always cause symptoms. Hormonal fluctuations can make you feel weak and dizzy and can cause weight loss. Your doctor may use an imaging test to look for cancer in the adrenal gland.

Causes of lung cancer

One of the main causes of lung cancer is smoking and exposure to asbestos. If you live in a Adelaide house built before the 1980’s, there is a high chance that it contains asbestos. You should get an asbestos testing service in Adelaide to make sure that you are safe from the risk of asbestos exposure. Also, if you work in a site that works closely with asbestos you are also in high risk of developing lung cancer.

3. Muscles weaken

Vitamin E deficiency can cause the muscle to become brittle. This is due to free radicals that successfully attack the nucleus of muscle cells.

Physiologically, vitamin E has the task of ensuring that the plasma membrane, which is a major component of muscle repair, can work well.

4. Nerve degeneration

Neurologically, vitamin E deficiency can affect your nervous system. Inadequate levels of vitamin E can cause nerve degeneration in the hands and feet that lead to reflexes disorder to something and loss of body balance.

5. Decreased cognitive ability

The brain is an organ that is sensitive to the effects of free radicals and oxidative stress, i.e. the condition of some free radicals in the body exceeds the body’s capacity to neutralise it.

Reduced levels of vitamin E in the body, can affect brain function. Meanwhile, someone who has high levels of vitamin E shows brain function that can work better.

6. Skin problems and hair loss

Certain membranes of the skin are susceptible to free radicals, especially lipids (fatty matter) in skin cells. Skin lipids are prone to both internal and external damage, especially from UV exposure and pollutants.

As a fat-soluble antioxidant, vitamin E is very effective in counteracting the potential for skin lipid damage.

Although vitamin E deficiency can be recovered immediately, if left too long and reach the advanced stage, your body is at risk of complications of other diseases that may be more dangerous.

After recognising the signs of vitamin E deficiency above, you are advised to increase the intake of foods that are a source of vitamin E, such as spinach, avocado and broccoli.

From now, do not forget to include the source of vitamin E in your daily menu!