The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of additives during copper electrodeposition. Additives such as arabic gum, chloride ions and glue were used in this study. Electrochemical experiments allied to SEM and roughness examination were performed to characterize of the copper foil in the presence of additives. In the production of electrodeposited copper foil, the surface roughness and grain size of the copper foil can be controlled by addition additives. on this study, the more uniform and hemispherical copper crystals are during the initial stages, the smaller crystal size and surface roughness of copper foil are. The surface roughness of copper foil electrodeposited at the current density of 500 under galvanostatic mode for 60 seconds has a minimum value of 0.136 m when adding 2 ppm of arabic gum.

It is seriously considered using Al CMP (chemical mechanical planarization) process for the next generation 45 nm Al wiring process. Al CMP is known that it has a possibility of reducing process time and steps comparing with conventional RIE (reactive ion etching) method. Also, it is more cost effective than Cu CMP and better electrical conductivity than W via process. In this study, we investigated 4 different kinds of slurries based on abrasives for reducing scratches which contributed to make defects in Al CMP. The abrasives used in this experiment were alumina, fumed silica, alkaline colloidal silica, and acidic colloidal silica. Al CMP process was conducted as functions of abrasive contents, contents and pressures to find out the optimized parameters and conditions. Al removal rates were slowed over 2 wt% of slurry contents in all types of slurries. The removal rates of alumina and fumed silica slurries were increased by phosphoric acid but acidic colloidal slurry was slightly increased at 2 vol% and soon decreased. The excessive addition of phosphoric acid affected the particle size distributions and increased scratches. Polishing pressure increased not only the removal rate but also the surface scratches. Acidic colloidal silica slurry showed the highest removal rate and the lowest roughness values among the 4 different slurry types.

The nano particles in the size range of nm were prepared by a chemical coprecipitation method. The nano particles were coated with 2nd surfactants for obtaining the water-based. The size effect of nano particles for the ultraviolet protection was investigated. The variation of the UV-Vis transmittance spectra as a function of wavelength for a nano particles were showed red-shifted increase with the particle size. The protective effects of UVA onset at near 469, 494, 591 nm for a particle size of 8.7, 9.1 and 12 nm. It is shown that the nano particles was good materials for protect of UV.

ZTA tubes were prepared by centrifugal casting and sintered at for 2 hrs. The ZTA tubes were machined into specimens of mm. Molten Soda lime glass (SLG) was penetrated into the surface of ZTA at an optimized condition of for the holding time of 5 h and furnace cooled. The extra glass on the surface was removed using a resin bonded diamond wheel. The glass penetrated samples were tested for their flexural strength using four point bend test. Vickers Indentation cracks were made on the glass penetrated surface at different loads of 9.8 N, 49 N, 98 N and 196 N. The residual compression on the surface enhanced the flexural strength and crack arrest behaviour remarkably. This was attributed to the thermoelastic mismatch between the glass and ZTA matrix during cooling.

(BaSr) (BST) thick films were prepared by tape casting method, using and powder slurry and their dielectric properties were investigated. With an additive, , the sintering temperature was lowered by . Sintering density was 5.7 g/ and the BST thick films exhibited a maximum dielectric constant, tunability at temperatures near phase transition point. Whilst their characteristics were deteriorated above the phase transition temperature, they were unchanged below the phase transition temperature, which is presumedly due to the acceleration of domain formation, its contribution to the relaxation of internal stress and the increase in sintering according to the replacement of Li.

Mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) has been used to enhance the dispersity of Au nanoparticles in organic solvent and the affinity between the Au nanoparticles surface and titanium dioxide shell in the synthesis of core-shell composite nanoparticles. The dispersity of the MUA-coated Au nanoparticles in ethanol aqueous solution with different concentration of was investigated by UV-Vis. absorption spectrum and the coating amount of MUA was varied from 0.02 mM to 1.0 mM. The MUA-coated Au nanoparticles were highly dispersed in pure in the wide range of the coating amount of MUA. On the contrary, the MUAcoated Au nanoparticles showed an enhanced stability in the ethanol/

[ ] structured of phosphor has been used at various field because those have high luminescent efficiency and broad emission band. Among these phosphors, the europium doped was prepared by solid-state method and had high potential application due to an emissive property of UV region. Also, the common sulfide phosphors were synthesized by using injurious gas. However, in this study phosphor in addition to excess sulfur was prepared under at 5% reduction atmosphere. Thus, this process could be considered as large scale synthesis because of non-harmfulness and simplification. The photoluminescence efficiency of the prepared phosphor increased 20% than that of commercial phosphor. The prepared could be applied to green phosphor for white LED of three wavelengths.

The frictional behavior of oxide films on top of the plasma nitrocarburized compound layers was investigated in terms of post-oxidation treatment temperatures. The post-oxidation treatment at both temperatures() produced magnetite() films which led to a significant enhancement in corrosion resistance. However, this process did not result in any improvement in frictional behavior of the nitrocarburized surface. The wear mechanisms were governed predominantly by the abrasive action of the slider on the surface irrespective of the counterface material(SiC and Bearing steel). When the specimen was sliding against a SiC counterface, the oxide films were destroyed during the early stage of the sliding process and the wear debris of the oxide film at the sliding track had a great influence on the friction coefficient. On the other hand, when sliding against a bearing steel counterface, the slider was mainly worn out due to the much higher hardness of the surface hardened layer. The fluctuation of the friction coefficient of -oxidized/ nitrocarburized specimen is much severer than that of specimen, due to the less amount of wear debris.

In this study, we report a method to synthesize the aluminum nitride (AlN) powders from aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH). AlOOH powders were prepared from the aluminum hydroxide () by heattreatment at the reaction temperature of . Simple heat treatment of AlOOH in the flow of gas leads to the formation of hexagonal AlN powders through intermediate conversion of and . The FTIR transmission spectra show a broad peak related to Al-N bonds centered around 690 confirming the presence of AlN. The major peaks in Raman spectra were observed in 250 and 659 . From the results, synthesized powders from the AlOOH powders were confirmed AlN powders.

Recently, there are a lot of study to alternate polycarbonate which is being used as storage material in CD, DVD. In this study, we alternated polycarbonate with glass. We observed the change of shape in a surface of the glass which was focused by Nd:YAG Laser. The change of shape and property was studied by thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), UV-Vis spectrometer, AFM and SEM. According to Laser power and quantity of additives, the Bump`s size and shape are showed differently. In high energy, the Bump will be transformed into Pit. And also according to CTE, and absorption ratio of glass, difference between Bump and Pit is confirmed. From these investigation, we could control that the minimum size of bump which is more useful shape than pit`s is about 1.3 m, H 70 nm, and it is near same the spot size.