C. Calc Summary

This section includes a complete list of Calc 2.02 keystroke commands.
Each line lists the stack entries used by the command (top-of-stack
last), the keystrokes themselves, the prompts asked by the command,
and the result of the command (also with top-of-stack last).
The result is expressed using the equivalent algebraic function.
Commands which put no results on the stack show the full M-x
command name in that position. Numbers preceding the result or
command name refer to notes at the end.

Positive prefix arguments apply to n stack entries.
Negative prefix arguments apply to the -nth stack entry.
A prefix of zero applies to the entire stack. (For LFD and
M-DEL, the meaning of the sign is reversed.)

Positive prefix arguments apply to n stack entries.
Negative prefix arguments apply to the top stack entry
and the next -n stack entries.

Prefix arguments specify the shift amount n. The w argument
cannot be specified in the keyboard version of this command.

From the keyboard, d is omitted and defaults to zero.

Mode is toggled; a positive prefix always sets the mode, and a negative
prefix always clears the mode.

Some prefix argument values provide special variations of the mode.

A prefix argument, if any, is used for m instead of taking
m from the stack. M may take any of these values:

Integer

Random integer in the interval [0 .. m).

Float

Random floating-point number in the interval [0 .. m).

0.0

Gaussian with mean 1 and standard deviation 0.

Error form

Gaussian with specified mean and standard deviation.

Interval

Random integer or floating-point number in that interval.

Vector

Random element from the vector.

A prefix argument from 1 to 6 specifies number of date components
to remove from the stack. See section 9.5.1 Date Conversions.

A prefix argument specifies a time zone; C-u says to take the
time zone number or name from the top of the stack. See section 9.5.4 Time Zones.

A prefix argument specifies a day number (0-6, 0-31, or 0-366).

If the input has no units, you will be prompted for both the old and
the new units.

With a prefix argument, collect that many stack entries to form the
input data set. Each entry may be a single value or a vector of values.

With a prefix argument of 1, take a single
Nx2 matrix from the
stack instead of two separate data vectors.

The row or column number n may be given as a numeric prefix
argument instead. A plain C-u prefix says to take n
from the top of the stack. If n is a vector or interval,
a subvector/submatrix of the input is created.

The op prompt can be answered with the key sequence for the
desired function, or with x or z followed by a function name,
or with $ to take a formula from the top of the stack, or with
' and a typed formula. In the last two cases, the formula may
be a nameless function like `<#1+#2>' or `<x, y : x+y>', or it
may include $, $$, etc. (where $ will correspond to the
last argument of the created function), or otherwise you will be
prompted for an argument list. The number of vectors popped from the
stack by V M depends on the number of arguments of the function.

One of the mapping direction keys _ (horizontal, i.e., map
by rows or reduce across), : (vertical, i.e., map by columns or
reduce down), or = (map or reduce by rows) may be used before
entering op; these modify the function name by adding the letter
r for "rows," c for "columns," a for "across,"
or d for "down."

The prefix argument specifies a packing mode. A nonnegative mode
is the number of items (for v p) or the number of levels
(for v u). A negative mode is as described below. With no
prefix argument, the mode is taken from the top of the stack and
may be an integer or a vector of integers.

-1

(2) Rectangular complex number.

-2

(2) Polar complex number.

-3

(3) HMS form.

-4

(2) Error form.

-5

(2) Modulo form.

-6

(2) Closed interval.

-7

(2) Closed .. open interval.

-8

(2) Open .. closed interval.

-9

(2) Open interval.

-10

(2) Fraction.

-11

(2) Float with integer mantissa.

-12

(2) Float with mantissa in [1 .. 10).

-13

(1) Date form (using date numbers).

-14

(3) Date form (using year, month, day).

-15

(6) Date form (using year, month, day, hour, minute, second).

A prefix argument specifies the size n of the matrix. With no
prefix argument, n is omitted and the size is inferred from
the input vector.

The prefix argument specifies the starting position n (default 1).

Cursor position within stack buffer affects this command.

Arguments are not actually removed from the stack by this command.

Variable name may be a single digit or a full name.

Editing occurs in a separate buffer. Press M-# M-# (or C-c C-c,
LFD, or in some cases RET) to finish the edit, or press
M-# x to cancel the edit. The LFD key prevents evaluation
of the result of the edit.

The number prompted for can also be provided as a prefix argument.

Press this key a second time to cancel the prefix.

With a negative prefix, deactivate all formulas. With a positive
prefix, deactivate and then reactivate from scratch.

Default is to scan for nearest formula delimiter symbols. With a
prefix of zero, formula is delimited by mark and point. With a
non-zero prefix, formula is delimited by scanning forward or
backward by that many lines.

Parse the region between point and mark as a vector. A nonzero prefix
parses n lines before or after point as a vector. A zero prefix
parses the current line as a vector. A C-u prefix parses the
region between point and mark as a single formula.

Parse the rectangle defined by point and mark as a matrix. A positive
prefix n divides the rectangle into columns of width n.
A zero or C-u prefix parses each line as one formula. A negative
prefix suppresses special treatment of bracketed portions of a line.

A numeric prefix causes the current language mode to be ignored.

Responding to a prompt with a blank line answers that and all
later prompts by popping additional stack entries.

Answer for v may also be of the form v = v_0 or
v - v_0.

With a positive prefix argument, stack contains many y's and one
common x. With a zero prefix, stack contains a vector of
ys and a common x. With a negative prefix, stack
contains many [x,y] vectors. (For 3D plots, substitute
z for y and x,y for x.)

With any prefix argument, all curves in the graph are deleted.

With a positive prefix, refines an existing plot with more data points.
With a negative prefix, forces recomputation of the plot data.

With any prefix argument, set the default value instead of the
value for this graph.

With a negative prefix argument, set the value for the printer.

Condition is considered "true" if it is a nonzero real or complex
number, or a formula whose value is known to be nonzero; it is "false"
otherwise.

Several formulas separated by commas are pushed as multiple stack
entries. Trailing ), ], }, >, and "
delimiters may be omitted. The notation $$$ refers to the value
in stack level three, and causes the formula to replace the top three
stack levels. The notation $3 refers to stack level three without
causing that value to be removed from the stack. Use LFD in place
of RET to prevent evaluation; use M-= in place of RET
to evaluate variables.

The variable is replaced by the formula shown on the right. The
Inverse flag reverses the order of the operands, e.g., I s - x
assigns
x := a-x.

Press ? repeatedly to see how to choose a model. Answer the
variables prompt with iv or iv;pv to specify
independent and parameter variables. A positive prefix argument
takes N+1 vectors from the stack; a zero prefix takes a matrix
and a vector from the stack.

With a plain C-u prefix, replace the current region of the
destination buffer with the yanked text instead of inserting.

All stack entries are reformatted; the H prefix inhibits this.
The I prefix sets the mode temporarily, redraws the top stack
entry, then restores the original setting of the mode.