Prior to being elected to the Board of Supervisors, Farrell practiced law as a corporate and securities attorney at Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati in Silicon Valley for 3 years, joined Thomas Weisel Partners as an investment banker where he was an integral part of the Internet & Digital Media team for over 5 years, and subsequently co-founded Quest Hospitality Ventures, a San Francisco-based venture capital firm focused on the hospitality and travel sector.[6] Prior to his election to the Board of Supervisors, he served as a mid-level director of Quest Hospitality Ventures,[7][8][9][10][11], now Thayer Ventures[12][13][14][15][16] a venture capital firm.[3][6]

Farrell was first elected in November 2010 by the voters of District 2, and subsequently reelected in November 2014 for his second term. Farrell serves as Chair of the Budget and Finance Committee, a founding member of the 2016–17 Super Bowl Bid Committee, and on eight other local and state boards and committees.[17][18][19][20]

Farrell's legislative priorities include advancing policies and projects that address housing affordability and the cost of living, homelessness, boost local economic development, ensure neighborhood vitality, and enhance public safety and quality of life issues that affect all San Franciscans.[21]

Since his election, Farrell ushered through a unanimously supported two-year city budget that reformed the way San Francisco pays for retiree health care benefits - solving a $4.4 billion unfunded liability - and passed small business tax credit legislation so the city's small businesses can hire more employees and create more local jobs. In addition, Farrell created a public-private partnership between the San Francisco non-profit Kiva.org and San Francisco's Office of Small Business to provide small businesses citywide greater access to capital at 0% interest, and became the first elected official in California to personally endorse Kiva borrowers on the platform.

Farrell introduced an anti-gun ordinance in 2015 that placed onerous regulations on the only firearm retailer in the city, High Bridge Arms, causing the retailer to go out of business. Farrell told the San Francisco Chronicle, “From my perspective, if the last gun store in San Francisco wants to close its doors because of my legislation, so be it."[22]

To address homelessness in San Francisco, Farrell led the effort to double San Francisco's Homeless Outreach Team, authored and passed Laura's Law, a state law that allows for community-based compelled mental health treatment for the severely mentally ill, and has hosted numerous hearings on services and solutions to reduce homelessness in San Francisco.

To help keep families in San Francisco, Farrell created the Schoolyards Project, which opens public schoolyards on the weekends to create more open space and foster a greater sense of community, and annually sponsors the Marina Family Festival in District 2. Farrell has also called hearings on family flight to find and discuss the root causes which are causing families to leave San Francisco, and has worked on policies and projects to help reverse family flight.

To help integrate the benefits of technology into residents' everyday lives, Farrell led a broad coalition to create “Free Wi-Fi” in city parks, plazas and open spaces and is working to expand online access to all communities across the city. Farrell also authored and passed the city's landmark open data legislation that continued San Francisco's national leadership in the open data movement and will promote further local economic development and government efficiency.[citation needed].

In June 2016, Farrell was ordered to repay $191,000[23] in unlawful campaign funding after the City ethics panel voted, 5-0, to uphold the original 2014 decision of the San Francisco Ethics Commission that he should have to forfeit back to the City the amount raised from just two donors and used late in the 2010 election by Common Sense Voters,[24][25][26][27] an independent expenditure committee, with improper communications from a campaign consultant. Farrell was exonerated by the California Fair Political Practices Commission, although the campaign consultant Chris Lee and Common Sense Voters were found to be in violation of federal campaign finance laws, but a further complaint was filed with the City commission by Janet Reilly, who lost to Farrell by 256 votes. City law, stricter than state law, holds candidates personally responsible for staff as well as themselves, whether they knew about the illegal communication or not. In an unusual move, Farrell responded with a lawsuit against the City in May to prevent further collection efforts from the Treasurer's office, and settled with the City for $25,000 in Oct. 2016.[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]

Farrell was appointed as mayor by the Board of Supervisors on January 23, 2018, succeeding acting mayor London Breed. Breed, in her capacity as President of the Board of Supervisors, had been serving as acting mayor since the death of Mayor Ed Lee on December 12, 2017. Farrell's appointment is due to expire on June 5, 2018, when a citywide special election will be held. The winner of that election will serve out the remainder of Lee's uncompleted term (until January 8, 2020).[41] He appointed Catherine Stefani to succeed him on the Board of Supervisors.[42]

^ abSchwenke, Karen (October 5, 2017). "Wie Kiel und San Francisco zusammenkamen" So mancher reibt sich noch die Augen und fragt: Wieso ist eigentlich ausgerechnet Kiel die Partnerstadt von San Francisco geworden? Dahinter verbirgt sich keine politische, sondern eine ganz private Geschichte. Und die beginnt im Jahr 1965.. Kieler Nachrichten. Out of sheer love of adventure and against the wishes of her father, the 23-year-old farmer's daughter Lena Ewoldt traveled from the provost in 1965 to America by ship. Actually, she wanted to work for only a few months in the USA after graduating from the home economics school in Kiel. Today she is 75 and still lives in San Francisco. Because of course she has remained because of love: In order to earn money, she hired at an airline as a stewardess and got to know the young Air Force pilot and later lawyer John Farrell. The two married. In 1974, her only child Mark was born. Four decades later, her son, as city councilor of San Francisco, partnered with Kiel. Lena indirectly provided for that to happen: "It has always been like staying at a hostel in our home," says Mark Farrell (43). "My mum always had visitors from Germany and in the summer we were in the provost." There on the farm of the family Mark spent as a child weeks and months together with his numerous cousins. For the only child, they were like siblings. He has the closest relationship to Thomas Ewoldt. The Kiel business consultant and the Californian politician visit each other regularly. A few years ago, there were the first considerations on how the two cities could connect professionally beyond the private sector.

1.
Mayor of San Francisco
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The Mayor of the City and County of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the San Francisco city and county government. The mayor has the duty to enforce city laws, and the power to approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. The mayor serves a term and is limited to two successive terms. There have been 42 individuals sworn into office, john W. Geary, elected in 1850, was the first mayor of the city. Charles James Brenham, who served as mayor during the 1850s, is the person who has served two non-consecutive terms. The previous mayor, Gavin Newsom resigned to become the Lieutenant Governor of California on January 10,2011, Ed Lee was appointed by the Board of Supervisors on the following day to finish out Newsoms term. Lee was elected to his own term on November 8,2011, the mayor of San Francisco is elected every four years, elections take place one year before United States presidential elections on election day in November. Candidates must live and be registered to vote in San Francisco at the time of the election, the mayor is usually sworn in on the January 8 following the election. The next election for the mayor will be in 2019, under the California constitution, all city elections in the state are conducted on a non-partisan basis. As a result, candidates party affiliations are not listed on the ballot, mayoral elections were originally run under a two-round system. If no candidate received a majority of votes in the general election. In 2002, the system for city officials was overhauled as a result of a citywide referendum. The new system, known as instant-runoff voting, allows voters to select, if no one wins more than half of the first-choice votes, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and second-choice votes are counted until a candidate captures the majority. This eliminates the need to hold a separate runoff election and saves money and this was first implemented in the 2004 Board of Supervisors election after two years of preparation. In 2007, the new system was implemented in the election for the first time. To date,42 individuals have served as mayor, there have been 43 mayoralties due to Charles James Brenhams serving two non-consecutive terms, he is counted chronologically as both the second and fourth mayor. The longest term was that of James Rolph, who served over 18 years until his resignation to become the California governor, the length of his tenure as mayor was largely due to his popularity. During his term, San Francisco saw the expansion of its system, the construction of the Civic Center

2.
London Breed
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London Nicole Breed is an American elected official in San Francisco, California. She serves as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing Supervisorial District 5, Breed was raised by her grandmother in public housing in the Western Addition. She is a graduate of Galileo High School, Breed earned a bachelors degree from the University of California Davis in 1997 and a masters degree in public administration from the University of San Francisco in 2012. Breed was named to the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency Commission in 2004, in 2010, Mayor Gavin Newsom appointed her to the San Francisco Fire Commission. She is Mayor Ed Lees closest ally on the Board of Supervisors, Breed authored legislation to allow the San Francisco City Attorney to pursue civil damages against graffiti taggers, instead of solely relying on criminal prosecutions to punish taggers. In 2016, City Attorney Dennis Herrera used these new penalties to win a civil judgment against serial tagger Terry Cozy that resulted in a $217,831.64 fine. On January 8,2015 Breed was elected president of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, defeating fellow supervisor David Campos and she was re-elected to another two year term as president on January 9,2017. After the shooting of Mario Woods by San Francisco police officers, Breed, in February 2016, Breed announced her re-election bid to represent District 5. The top issues she identified in her announcement were development, public safety, environmental health and she is running against Dean Preston, a tenant rights lawyer and advocate for affordable housing rights

3.
Members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors
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The San Francisco Board of Supervisors is the legislative body of San Francisco, California. The body consists of members elected from single-member districts through ranked choice voting. From 1977 to 1979, and starting again in 2000, supervisors were elected from eleven single-member districts, prior to 1977 and from 1980 to 1998, members were elected at-large, all running on one ballot, with the top vote-getters winning office. Similar cases of supervisors elected to truncated terms happened in 1977 and 2000, several members were initially appointed by the mayor. A few members were elected to the board, but appointed to their seat by the mayor during the weeks between the election and the beginning of their term. This has generally been done when supervisors were elected to the state legislature, the most recent example occurred in 2008, when David Campos was elected to the District 9 seat held by Tom Ammiano. In the same election, Ammiano was elected to the California State Assembly, mayor Gavin Newsom appointed Campos to the seat on December 4,2008, a month before he would otherwise have taken office. The president of the Board of Supervisors presides over all meetings and appoints members to board committees. Board presidents are elected by their colleagues at the beginning of every odd-numbered year, no official list of supervisors in office prior to 1906 exists as the 1906 San Francisco earthquake destroyed all Board of Supervisors records. However, the names of San Francisco supervisors are recorded in many documents, the San Francisco Common Council was the predecessor of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. The Common Council was made up of the Board of Aldermen, the first elections to these posts took place on May 1,1850, and the Common Council took office on May 6,1850. The Common Council had authority only within the city limits, which stretched west to Divisadero and Castro streets, the first Board of Supervisors served only from July 8 to November 15,1856, and consisted of one justice of the peace for each of the citys four districts. These four men chose George J. Whelan as the citys mayor, Supervisors from the 19th century are listed in surviving copies of municipal reports, contemporary newspapers, and similar sources. Former mayors of the city were allowed non-voting seats on the board, members who served as president of the Board of Supervisors during part of their tenure on the board are denoted with an asterisk. Supervisors are elected on non-partisan ballots, but all current members of the Board of Supervisors are registered Democrats, supervisor Jane Kim was previously a member of the Green Party, but switched her registration to Democratic before running for supervisor. 1996 Charter of the City and County of San Francisco,1996 Charter of the City and County of San Francisco. AIDS activist Sheehy to succeed Wiener as SF supervisor

4.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush

5.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565

6.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president

7.
Loyola Marymount University
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Loyola Marymount University is a private, co-educational university in the Jesuit and Marymount traditions located in the Westchester neighborhood on the Westside of Los Angeles, California. The university is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities, Loyola Marymount, which sits atop the bluffs overlooking Marina Del Rey and Playa Del Rey is the parent school to Loyola Law School located in downtown Los Angeles. As of 2010, Loyola Marymount is one of the largest Roman Catholic universities on the West Coast with just over 9,000 undergraduate, graduate, the names Loyola and Marymount have long been associated with Catholic higher education in countries around the globe. Saint Ignatius Loyola, founder of The Society of Jesus, sanctioned the foundation of his orders first school in 1548, the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary have conducted educational institutions since their establishment in France in 1849 by Father Jean Gailhac. These two traditions of education have come together in Los Angeles as Loyola Marymount University, the present university is the successor to the pioneer Catholic college and first institution of higher learning in Southern California. In 1865, the Vincentian Fathers were commissioned by Bishop Thaddeus Amat y Brusi to found St. Vincents College for boys in Los Angeles, Father John Asmuth, C. M. served as the first President Rector. The college was located in the Lugo Adobe House at the southeast corner of Alameda. The building was one of few two-story complexes in the city at time and had been donated by Vincente Lugo. Although the building no longer stands, its site is across Alameda Street from the current Union Station, on the Plaza near the southeast end of the citys historic Olvera Street. After two years, the school moved several blocks over, the campus was surrounded by Broadway, 6th Street, Hill Street, and 7th Street. Today, the site is in the heart of Los Angeless Jewellery District and is known as St. Vincent Court. A decade later, the moved to a location at Grand Avenue. When the Vincentians pulled out of educational ministry in Los Angeles in 1911, Bishop Thomas Conaty asked the Jesuits to come to Los Angeles, not wishing to assume any of the colleges debt, the Jesuits, instead, founded Los Angeles College in 1911. Father Richard A. Gleeson, S. J. served as the first Jesuit President, rapid growth prompted the Jesuits to seek a new campus on Venice Boulevard in 1917, with this move, the name of the school was changed back to St. Vincents College. However, in 1918 the name was again changed to Loyola College of Los Angeles. Graduate instruction began in 1920 with the foundation of a law school. The law school was the second in Los Angeles to admit Jewish students, Loyola Law School did not move with the rest of the university, but moved later to another location just west of downtown Los Angeles. World War II had a significant impact on Loyola University, as enrollment began to plummet, Father Edward Whelan, S. J. then president, brokered a deal with the US Army to form an officer training program for both Army and Navy officers

8.
Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confused with baccalaureatus, degree diplomas generally are printed on high-quality paper or parchment, individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees. In Pakistan, the Bachelor of Arts degree can also be attained within two years as an external degree, in colleges and universities in Australia, New Zealand, Nepal and South Africa, the BA degree can be taken over three years of full-time study. Unlike in other countries, students do not receive a grade for their Bachelor of Arts degree with varying levels of honours. Qualified students may be admitted, after they have achieved their Bachelors program with an overall grade point average. Thus, to achieve a Bachelor Honours degree, a postgraduate year. A student who holds a Honours degree is eligible for entry to either a Doctorate or a very high research Master´s degree program. Education in Canada is controlled by the Provinces and can be different depending on the province in Canada. Canadian universities typically offer a 3-year Bachelor of Arts degrees, in many universities and colleges, Bachelor of Arts degrees are differentiated either as Bachelors of Arts or as honours Bachelor of Arts degree. The honours degrees are designated with the abbreviation in brackets of. It should not be confused with the consecutive Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours, Latin Baccalaureatus in Artibus Cum Honore, BA hon. de jure without brackets and with a dot. It is a degree, which is considered to be the equivalent of a corresponding maîtrise degree under the French influenced system. Going back in history, a three-year Bachelor of Arts degree was called a pass degree or general degree. Students may be required to undertake a long high-quality research empirical thesis combined with a selection of courses from the relevant field of studies. The consecutive B. cum Honore degree is essential if students ultimate goal is to study towards a two- or three-year very high research masters´ degree qualification. A student holding a Baccalaureatus Cum Honore degree also may choose to complete a Doctor of Philosophy program without the requirement to first complete a masters degree, over the years, in some universities certain Baccalaureatus cum Honore programs have been changed to corresponding master´s degrees. In general, in all four countries, the B. A. degree is the standard required for entry into a masters programme, in science, a BA hons degree is generally a prerequisite for entrance to a Ph. D program or a very-high-research-activity master´s programme

9.
University College Dublin
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University College Dublin is a research university in Dublin, Ireland. It has over 1,482 faculty and 32,000 students, the university originates in a body founded in 1854 with John Henry Newman as the first rector known as the Catholic University of Ireland, re-formed in 1880 and chartered in its own right in 1908. Originally located in locations across Dublin city, all of the faculties have since been relocated to a 133-hectare campus at Belfield. University College Dublin is frequently ranked among the top universities in Europe, there are five Nobel Laureates amongst University College Dublins alumni and current and former staff. The 2016 QS World University Rankings ranks UCD #176 worldwide, and puts it in the 151-200 bracket, a report published in May 2015 showed that the total economic output generated by UCD and its students in Ireland amounted to €1.3 billion annually. In the 19th century, the question of education in Ireland was a contentious one. It had divided Daniel OConnell and the Young Ireland Movement for many years, the Catholic Hierarchy wanted to counteract the Godless Colleges established in Galway, Belfast and Cork and to provide a Catholic alternative to Trinity College, Dublin. In 1850 at the Synod of Thurles it was decided to open a Catholic University, as a result of these efforts a new Catholic University of Ireland was opened in 1854 and John Henry Newman was appointed as its first rector. Newman had been a figure in the Oxford Movement in the 19th Century. The Catholic University opened its doors on the feast of St Malachy,3 November 1854, to prepare students for entry to the new University, the Catholic University School was established as a feeder school under the guidance of Bartholomew Woodlock and Cardinal Newman. Among the first students enrolled were the grandson of Daniel O’Connell, OShea clashed with Newman and left to go to Trinity, however, after one year. Of the eight students in Newmans own home, two were Irish, two English, two Scottish and two French. Among them were a French viscount, and Irish baronet Sir Reginald Barnewall, the son of a French countess, the grandson of a Scottish marquis, later were added to his care two Belgian princes and a Polish count. Many were attracted to the University on the basis of the reputation of Newman, as a private university, the Catholic University was never given a royal charter, and so was unable to award recognized degrees and suffered from chronic financial difficulties. Newman left the university in 1857, after which the school went into a serious decline, Bartholomew Woodlock was appointed Rector and served until he became Bishop of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise in 1879. In this period he attempted to secure a site of 34 acres at Clonliffe West and he then turned his attention to expanding along St Stephens Green and over these years bought from No.82 to 87. The decline was halted in 1880 with the establishment of the Royal University of Ireland, the Royal Universities charter entitled all Irish students to sit the Universities examinations and receive its degrees. In order to avail of the benefits of the Royal University of Ireland arrangement, the college rapidly attracted many of the best students and academics in Ireland including Fr

10.
University of Pennsylvania
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The University of Pennsylvania is a private Ivy League research university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Incorporated as The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn is one of 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities, the university coat of arms features a dolphin on the red chief, adopted directly from the Franklin familys own coat of arms. Penn was one of the first academic institutions to follow a multidisciplinary model pioneered by several European universities and it was also home to many other educational innovations. The first school of medicine in North America, the first collegiate school. With an endowment of $10.72 billion, Penn had the seventh largest endowment of all colleges in the United States, all of Penns schools exhibit very high research activity. In fiscal year 2015, Penns academic research budget was $851 million, over its history, the university has also produced many distinguished alumni. S. House of Representatives,8 signers of the United States Declaration of Independence, in addition, some 30 Nobel laureates,169 Guggenheim Fellows, and 80 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, have been affiliated with Penn. In addition, Penn has produced a significant number of Fortune 500 CEOs, in 1740, a group of Philadelphians joined together to erect a great preaching hall for the traveling evangelist George Whitefield, who toured the American colonies delivering open air sermons. The building was designed and built by Edmund Woolley and was the largest building in the city at the time and it was initially planned to serve as a charity school as well, however, a lack of funds forced plans for the chapel and school to be suspended. According to Franklins autobiography, it was in 1743 when he first had the idea to establish an academy, however, Peters declined a casual inquiry from Franklin and nothing further was done for another six years. Unlike the other Colonial colleges that existed in 1749—Harvard, William and Mary, Yale, Franklin assembled a board of trustees from among the leading citizens of Philadelphia, the first such non-sectarian board in America. At the first meeting of the 24 members of the Board of Trustees the issue of where to locate the school was a prime concern. The original sponsors of the dormant building still owed considerable construction debts and asked Franklins group to assume their debts and, accordingly, on February 1,1750 the new board took over the building and trusts of the old board. On August 13,1751, the Academy of Philadelphia, using the hall at 4th and Arch Streets. A charity school also was chartered July 13,1753 in accordance with the intentions of the original New Building donors, June 16,1755, the College of Philadelphia was chartered, paving the way for the addition of undergraduate instruction. All three schools shared the same Board of Trustees and were considered to be part of the same institution, the institution of higher learning was known as the College of Philadelphia from 1755 to 1779. In 1779, not trusting then-provost the Rev. William Smiths Loyalist tendencies, the result was a schism, with Smith continuing to operate an attenuated version of the College of Philadelphia. In 1791 the Legislature issued a new charter, merging the two institutions into a new University of Pennsylvania with twelve men from each institution on the new Board of Trustees

11.
Juris Doctor
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The Juris Doctor degree, also known as the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree, is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees. It is earned by completing law school in Australia, Canada and the United States and it has the academic standing of a second-entry, professional baccalaureate degree in Canada, a masters degree in Australia and a professional doctorate in the United States. The degree was first awarded in the United States in the early 20th century and was created as a version of the old European doctor of law degree. Originating from the 19th century Harvard movement for the study of law. It involves a program in most jurisdictions. To be authorized to practice law in the courts of a state in the United States. Lawyers must, however, be admitted to the bar of the court before they are authorized to practice in that court. Admission to the bar of a district court includes admission to the bar of the related bankruptcy court. In the United States, the doctorate in law may be conferred in Latin or in English, as Juris Doctor and at some law schools Doctor of Law. Juris Doctor literally means Teacher of Law, while the Latin for Doctor of Jurisprudence—Jurisprudentiae Doctor—literally means Teacher of Legal Knowledge, the J. D. is not to be confused with Doctor of Laws or Legum Doctor. In institutions where the latter can be earned, e. g. D, the LL. D. is invariably an honorary degree in the United States. The first university in Europe, the University of Bologna, was founded as a school of law by four famous legal scholars in the 11th century who were students of the school in that city. This served as the model for law schools of the Middle Ages. While Bologna granted only doctorates, preparatory degrees were introduced in Paris, the nature of the J. D. can be better understood by a review of the context of the history of legal education in England. The teaching of law at Cambridge and Oxford Universities was mainly for philosophical or scholarly purposes, the universities taught only civil and canon law but not the common law that applied in most jurisdictions. The original method of education at the Inns of Court was a mix of moot court-like practice and lecture, by the fifteenth century, the Inns functioned like a university akin to the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, though very specialized in purpose. With the frequent absence of parties to suits during the Crusades, the importance of the role grew tremendously. The apprenticeship program for solicitors thus emerged, structured and governed by the rules as the apprenticeship programs for the trades

12.
Marina District, San Francisco
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The Marina District is a neighborhood located in San Francisco, California. The neighborhood sits on the site of the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition, aside from the Palace of Fine Arts, all other buildings were demolished to make the current neighborhood. Much of the Marina is built on landfill, and is susceptible to soil liquefaction during strong earthquakes. This phenomenon caused extensive damage to the neighborhood during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The area in the 19th century prior to the 1906 earthquake consisted of bay shallows, tidal pools, sand dunes, human habitation and development came in the mid to late 19th century in the form of a sandwall and of a road from the nearby Presidio to Fort Mason. Most of the dunes were leveled out and a hodgepodge of wharves. However, all of this was destroyed in the 1906 earthquake, during reconstruction of the city after the 1906 earthquake, the area was chosen as the site of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition. Although rubble from the earthquake was used as part of the reclamation, most of the landfill came from dredging mud. After the end of the exposition in 1915, the land was sold to private developers and this major redevelopment was completed in the 1920s. In the 1930s, with the completion of the nearby Golden Gate Bridge, Lombard Street was widened, the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake caused severe liquefaction of the fill upon which the neighborhood is built, causing major damage including a small firestorm. Firefighters resorted to pumping water directly from the Bay, to replace water unavailable from broken water mains, physically, the neighborhood appears to have changed very little since its construction in the 1920s. The Palace is the building left standing in its original location within the 1915 Exposition fairgrounds. The grounds around the Palace are a popular attraction for tourists and locals. The neighborhood is noted for its demographics, which since the 1980s have shifted from mostly middle-class families and pensioners. These now make up more than half of the population, although a small, San Franciscos Academy of Art University has a campus housing building at the Southern edge of the neighborhood on Lombard Street. The San Francisco Police Department Northern Station serves the Marina District, a16 Strangers in the night – Bars, cheap sex, and boozy anthropology

13.
Neighborhoods in San Francisco
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San Francisco, California, has both major, well-known neighborhoods and districts as well as smaller, specific subsections and developments. While there is considerable fluidity among the sources, one guidebook identifies five major districts and these five broad districts, counterclockwise are, Central/downtown, Richmond, Sunset, Upper Market and beyond and Bernal Heights/Bayview and beyond. Within each of five districts are located major neighborhoods. The San Francisco Planning Department officially identifies 36 neighborhoods, a group of researchers at Theory. org did a study of classified advertising of housing rentals to extract neighborhood names in the vernacular, and identified 40 neighborhood names in common use. Within these 36 official neighborhoods are a number of minor districts, some of which are historical. Alamo Square is a subset of the Western Addition neighborhood and its boundaries are not well-defined, but are generally considered to be Webster Street on the east, Golden Gate Avenue on the north, Divisadero Street on the west, and Oak Street on the south. It is characterized by Victorian architecture that was largely untouched by the urban renewal projects in other parts of the Western Addition. On a clear day, the Transamerica Pyramid building and the tops of the Golden Gate Bridge, San Franciscos City Hall can be seen directly down Fulton Street. A row of Victorian houses facing the park on Steiner Street, Ashbury Heights is a neighborhood on the hill to the south of the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood. The Bayview stretches along Third Street south of Evans Avenue, west of the Hunters Point neighborhood, the neighborhood library was recently renamed the Linda Brooks-Burton Branch Library after a new and larger building was constructed at the same location on Third Street and Revere. Within a block or two of the library are three gardens and public art projects, developed entirely by residents, known as the Quesada Gardens Initiative. During the 1950s it was largely a Maltese and Italian neighborhood, centered on St. Paul of the Shipwreck Church, the area is served by the T-Third light rail line, and is home to the Bayview Opera House and City College Evans and Southeast Campus. The area is undergoing development as the City tries to meet the demands of population growth. Hunters Point Shipyard and Candlestick Park areas are centers of development in the neighborhood. Despite its diversity, residents have a history of coming together to create change. Hunters Point Shipyard, a former Super-Fund site, and a power plant have been focal points for environmental activists. Sam Jordan, boxing champion and tavern owner, was the first African American to run for Mayor of San Francisco, a small neighborhood near the Financial District, being the historical location of the French Quarter in San Francisco. Bernal Heights is a neighborhood perched on a hill in between the Mission district, Bayview, and the Portola district, the neighborhood is known for its community feeling and progressive vibe

14.
Pacific Heights, San Francisco
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Pacific Heights is an affluent neighborhood of San Francisco, California, which is known for the notable people who reside in the area. Its location provides a temperate micro-climate that is clearer, but not always warmer, the Pacific Heights Residents Association defines the neighborhood as inside Pine Street, Presidio Avenue, Union Street, and Van Ness Avenue. Pacific Heights features two parks, Lafayette and Alta Plaza, visible to the north are the Golden Gate Bridge, the Marin Headlands, and Alcatraz Island. Lower Pacific Heights refers to the area located south of California Street down to Post Street, though previously simply considered part of the Western Addition, this new neighborhood designation became popularized by real estate agents in the early 1990s. The neighborhood was first developed in the 1870s, with small Victorian-inspired homes built, starting around the beginning of the 20th century, and especially after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, many were replaced with period homes. Still residential, the area is characterized by painted Victorian style architecture, the oldest building in Pacific Heights, located at 2475 Pacific Avenue, was built in 1853, though the majority of the neighborhood was built after the 1906 earthquake. The architecture of the neighborhood is varied, Victorian, Mission Revival, Edwardian, several countries have consulates in Pacific Heights. They include Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Russia, South Korea, most of the neighborhoods boutiques and restaurants can be found along Fillmore Street, south of Pacific Avenue. They include stores like Athleta, Prana, Marc by Marc Jacobs, other businesses in Pacific Heights are located on California and Divisadero Streets, as well as on Van Ness Avenue. Universities and colleges include Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, part of the University of the Pacific, the San Francisco Police Department Northern Station serves Pacific Heights. Larry Ellison, cofounder and CEO of Oracle Corporation Jonathan Ive, chief designer at Apple Inc

15.
Sea Cliff, San Francisco
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Sea Cliff is a neighborhood in northwestern San Francisco, California. It is known for its houses and ocean views. Sea Cliff is one of eight master-planned residence parks in San Francisco and it is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean and Baker Beach, southwest of the Presidio of San Francisco and east of Lincoln Park. Houses in the Sea Cliff neighborhood are large, and many offer views of the Pacific Ocean, the Golden Gate Bridge. A small public beach named China Beach is located in the neighborhood

16.
Presidio of San Francisco
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It had been a fortified location since September 17,1776, when New Spain established it to gain a foothold on Alta California and the San Francisco Bay. It passed to Mexico, which in turn passed it to the United States in 1848. As part of a 1989 military reduction program under the Base Realignment, on October 1,1994, it was transferred to the National Park Service, ending 219 years of military use and beginning its next phase of mixed commercial and public use. In 1996, the United States Congress created the Presidio Trust to oversee and manage the interior 80% of the parks lands, with the National Park Service managing the coastal 20%. In a first-of-its-kind structure, Congress mandated that the Presidio Trust make the Presidio financially self-sufficient by 2013, the park is characterized by many wooded areas, hills, and scenic vistas overlooking the Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean. It was recognized as a California Historical Landmark in 1933 and as a National Historic Landmark in 1962, battery Chamberlin, seacoast defense museum and artillery display at Baker Beach built in 1904. Fort Point,1861 brick and granite fortification located under the Golden Gate Bridge, the visitor center, open on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, offers video orientations, guided tours, self-guiding materials, exhibits, and a bookstore. Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary Visitor Center, This center offers hands-on marine-life exhibits, the building was used by the Coast Guard from 1890 to 1990. Golden Gate Bridge Pavilion, opened May 2012 for the 75th anniversary of the Golden Gate Bridge and it is located just east of the southern end of the bridge. Crissy Field Center is an environmental education center with programs for schools, public workshops, after-school programs, summer camps. The Center is operated by the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, the facilities include interactive environmental exhibits, a media lab, resource library, arts workshop, science lab, gathering room, teaching kitchen, café and bookstore. The landscape of Crissy Field was designed by George Hargreaves, the project restored a naturally functioning and sustaining tidal wetland as a habitat for flora and fauna, which were previously not in evidence on the site. It also restored a historic grass airfield that functioned as a significant military airfield between 1919 and 1936. The park at Crissy Field expanded and widened the recreational opportunities of the existing 1 1⁄2-mile San Francisco shore to a number of Presidio residents. 1776, Spanish Captain Juan Bautista de Anza led 193 soldiers, women,1794, Castillo de San Joaquin, an artillery emplacement was built above present-day Fort Point, San Francisco, complete with iron or bronze cannon. Six cannons may be seen in the Presidio today, 1776–1821, The Presidio was a simple fort made of adobe, brush and wood. It often was damaged by earthquakes or heavy rains, in 1783, its company was only 33 men. Presidio soldiers duties were to support Mission Dolores by controlling Indian workers in the Mission, and also farming, ranching, support from Spanish authorities in Mexico was very limited

17.
Russian Hill
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Russian Hill is a neighborhood of San Francisco, California, in the United States. It is named one of San Franciscos 44 hills. Russian Hill is directly to the north from Nob Hill, to the south from Fishermans Wharf, the Hill is bordered on its west side by parts of the neighborhoods of Cow Hollow and the Marina District. At the northern foot of the hill is Ghirardelli Square, which sits on the waterfront of the San Francisco Bay, Aquatic Park, and Fishermans Wharf, an extremely popular tourist area. A trip down the winding turns of Lombard Street and across Columbus Avenue to the east leads to the neighborhood of North Beach, down the hill to the west, past Van Ness Avenue, are Cow Hollow and the Marina districts. The neighborhoods name goes back to the Gold Rush era, when settlers discovered a small Russian cemetery at the top of the hill, the cemetery was eventually removed, but the name remains to this day. As it is one of the most famous tourist attractions in the city, tourists also frequent the famous cable car line along Hyde Street, which is lined with many restaurants and shops. Another park is named after Ina Coolbrith, views from the top of the hill extend in several directions around the Bay Area, including the Bay Bridge, Marin County, the Golden Gate Bridge and Alcatraz. Russian Hill is home to the San Francisco Art Institute, located on Chestnut Street between Jones and Leavenworth Streets, academy of Art University also maintains a presence in this neighborhood with their Chestnut St. building hosting their fine art MFA studios, photo classrooms, and photo studios. Because of the steepness of the hill, many streets, portions of Vallejo and Green streets, another famous feature of Russian Hill are the many pedestrian-only lanes such as Macondray Lane and Fallon Place, both with beautiful landscaping and arresting views. Alice Marble Tennis Courts are four tennis courts located at Lombard. The courts offer a view of the bay and North Beach, a basketball court is located adjacent to the tennis courts. The San Francisco Cable Cars serving the Powell-Hyde line stops nearby, San Francisco Police Department Central Station, Metro Division serves Russian Hill. Stewart Alsop II, IT investor and journalist, fanny Stevenson, wife of Robert Louis Stevenson. Rose Wilder Lane, writer and daughter of Laura Ingalls Wilder, life in the neighborhood during the 1970s was used as the basis for the fictionalized series Tales of the City by Armistead Maupin. Much of the car chase sequence in the 1968 thriller Bullitt, starring Steve McQueen, were filmed on Russian Hill. The neighborhood was featured in the early scenes of the 1982 action-comedy feature film,48 Hrs. The cast of The Real World, San Francisco, which aired in 1994, in Anne Rices book The Wolf Gift, the main character, Reuben Golding, grew up in Russian Hill

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Kiel
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Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 240,832. Kiel lies approximately 90 kilometres north of Hamburg, for instance, the city is known for a variety of international sailing events, including the annual Kiel Week, which is the biggest sailing event in the world. The Olympic sailing competitions of the 1936 and the 1972 Summer Olympics were held in Kiel, Kiel has also been one of the traditional homes of the German Navys Baltic fleet, and continues to be a major high-tech shipbuilding centre. Located in Kiel is the GEOMAR - Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel at the University of Kiel, Kiel is an important sea transport hub, thanks to its location on the Kiel Fjord and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, Kiel Canal. A number of ferries to Sweden, Norway, Russia. Moreover, today Kiel harbour is an important port of call for cruise ships touring the Baltic Sea, Kiel was one of the founding cities of original European Green Capital Award in 2006. In 2005 Kiels GDP per capita was €35,618, which is well above Germanys national average, within Germany and parts of Europe, the city is known for its leading handball team, THW Kiel. The city is home to the University of Kiel, Kiel Fjord was probably first settled by Normans or Vikings who wanted to colonize the land which they had raided, and for many years they settled in German villages. This is evidenced by the geography and architecture of the fjord, the city of Kiel was founded in 1233 as Holstenstadt tom Kyle by Count Adolf IV of Holstein, and granted Lübeck city rights in 1242 by Adolfs eldest son, John I of Schauenburg. Being a part of Holstein, Kiel belonged to the Holy Roman Empire and was situated only a few south of the Danish border. Kiel, the capital of the county of Holstein, was a member of the Hanseatic League from 1284 until it was expelled in 1518 for harbouring pirates, the University of Kiel was founded on 29 September 1665, by Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. A number of important scholars, including Theodor Mommsen, Felix Jacoby, Hans Geiger and Max Planck, from 1773 to 1864, the town belonged to the King of Denmark. However, because the king ruled Holstein as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire only through a personal union, thus Kiel belonged to Germany, but it was ruled by the Danish king. Even though the Empire was abolished in 1806, the Danish king continued to rule Kiel only through his position as Duke of Holstein, when Schleswig and Holstein rebelled against Denmark in 1848, Kiel became the capital of Schleswig-Holstein until the Danish victory in 1850. On 24 March 1865 King William I based Prussias Baltic Sea fleet in Kiel instead of Danzig, the Imperial shipyard Kiel was established in 1867 in the town. When William I of Prussia became Emperor William I of the German Empire in 1871, he designated Kiel, the prestigious Kiel Yacht Club was established in 1887 with Prince Henry of Prussia as its patron. Emperor Wilhelm II became its commodore in 1891, because of its new role as Germanys main naval base, Kiel very quickly increased in size in the following years, from 18,770 in 1864 to about 200,000 in 1910. Much of the old centre and other surroundings were levelled and redeveloped to provide for the growing city

19.
Air force
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An air force, also known in some countries as an air army, is in the broadest sense, the national military organization that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nations armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an army, navy, or a marine corps. Typically, air forces are responsible for gaining control of the air, carrying out strategic and tactical bombing missions, Air forces typically consist of a combination of fighters, bombers, helicopters, transport planes and other aircraft. Many air forces are responsible for operations of the military space, intercontinental ballistic missiles. Some air forces may command and control other air defence assets such as artillery, surface-to-air missiles, or anti-ballistic missile warning networks. In addition to pilots, air forces have ground support staff who support the aircrew, however, some supporting personnel such as airfield defence troops, weapons engineers and air intelligence staff do not have equivalent roles in civilian organizations. Balloon or flying corps are not generally regarded as examples of an air force, however, with the invention of heavier-than-air craft in the early 20th century, armies and navies began to take interest in this new form of aviation as a means to wage war. The first aviation force in the world was the Aviation Militaire of the French Army formed in 1910, in 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, Italy employed aircraft for the first time ever in the world for reconnaissance and bombing missions against Turkish positions on Libyan Territory. The Italian–Turkish war of 1911–1912 was the first in history that featured air attacks by airplanes, during World War I France, Germany, Italy, the British Empire and the Ottoman Empire all possessed significant forces of bombers and fighters. World War I also saw the appearance of senior commanders who directed aerial warfare, the British Royal Air Force was the first independent air force in the world. The RAF was founded on 1 April 1918 by amalgamation the British Armys Royal Flying Corps, on establishment the RAF comprised over 20,000 aircraft, was commanded by a Chief of the Air Staff who held the rank of major-general and was governed by its own government ministry. Over the following decades most countries with any military capability established their own independent air forces. The Canadian Air Force was formed at the end of World War I and it became the permanent Royal Canadian Air Force when it received the Royal title by royal proclamation on 1 April 1924. It did not however become independent of the Canadian Army until 1938 when its head was designated as Chief of the Air Staff. Similarly, the Royal New Zealand Air Force was established in 1923 as the New Zealand Permanent Air Force, other British-influenced countries also established their own independent air forces. For example, the Royal Egyptian Air Force was created in 1937 when Egyptian military aviation was separated from Army command, outside of the British Empire, the Finnish Air Force was established as a separate service on 4 May 1928 and the Brazilian Air Force was created in 1941. Both the United States Air Force and the Philippine Air Force were formed as a separate branches of their armed forces in 1947. The Israeli Air Force came into being with the State of Israel on 18 May 1948, the Japan Air Self-Defense Force was not established until 1954, in World War II Japanese military aviation had been carried out by the Army and Navy

20.
Palace of Fine Arts
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One of only a few surviving structures from the Exposition, it is still situated on its original site. It was rebuilt in 1965, and renovation of the lagoon, walkways, the Palace of Fine Arts was designed by Bernard Maybeck, who took his inspiration from Roman and Ancient Greek architecture in designing what was essentially a fictional ruin from another time. For a time the Palace housed an art exhibit, and during the Great Depression. Artists were commissioned to replace the decayed Robert Reid murals on the ceiling of the rotunda, from 1934 to 1942 the exhibition hall was home to eighteen lighted tennis courts. During World War II it was requisitioned by the military for storage of trucks, at the end of the war, when the United Nations was created in San Francisco, limousines used by the worlds statesmen came from a motor pool there. While the Palace had been saved from demolition, its structure was not stable, as a result of the construction and vandalism, by the 1950s the simulated ruin was in fact a crumbling ruin. In 1964, the original Palace was completely demolished, with only the structure of the exhibit hall left standing. The buildings were reconstructed in permanent, light-weight, poured-in-place concrete. All the decorations and sculpture were constructed anew, the only changes were the absence of the murals in the dome, two end pylons of the colonnade, and the original ornamentation of the exhibit hall. In 1969, the former Exhibit Hall became home to the Exploratorium interactive museum, in January 2013, the Exploratorium closed in preparation for its permanent move to the Embarcadero. Today, Australian eucalyptus trees fringe the eastern shore of the lagoon, many forms of wildlife have made their home there including swans, ducks, geese, turtles, frogs, and raccoons. Built around an artificial lagoon, the Palace of Fine Arts is composed of a wide,1,100 ft pergola around a central rotunda situated by the water. Ornamentation includes Bruno Louis Zimms three repeating panels around the entablature of the rotunda, representing The Struggle for the Beautiful, while Ulric Ellerhusen supplied the weeping women atop the colonnade and the sculptured frieze and allegorical figures representing Contemplation, Wonderment and Meditation. The underside of the Palace rotundas dome features eight large insets, four depicted the conception and birth of Art, its commitment to the Earth, its progress and acceptance by the human intellect, and four the golds of California. The Palace of Fine Arts was not the building from the exposition to survive demolition. The Japanese Tea House was purchased in 1915 by land baron E. D, swift and was transported by barge down the Bay to Belmont, California where it stands to this day. The Wisconsin and Virginia buildings were relocated to Marin County, the Ohio building was shipped to San Mateo County, where it survived until the 1950s. The Column of Progress stood for a decade after the close of the Exhibition, at the close of the exposition, the French government granted Alma Spreckels permission to construct a permanent replica of the French Pavilion, but World War I delayed the groundbreaking until 1921

21.
Saint Ignatius College Preparatory
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St. Ignatius College Preparatory is a private, Catholic preparatory school in the Jesuit tradition, serving the San Francisco Bay Area since 1855. Located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco, in the Sunset District of San Francisco, St. Ignatius was founded as a one-room schoolhouse on Market Street by Fr. Anthony Maraschi, a Jesuit priest, just after the California Gold Rush in 1855, Maraschi paid $11,000 for the property which was to become the original church and schoolhouse. The church opened on July 15,1855, and three months later, on October 15, the school opened its doors to its first students, in the 1860s, the school built a new site, adjacent to the first, on Market Street in downtown San Francisco. In 1880, SI moved its campus to a location on Van Ness Avenue in the heart of San Francisco, within 26 years of the relocation, however, St. Ignatius would be completely destroyed. In 1927, the school was separated from the university. Two years later, SI relocated its campus once more, this time to Stanyan Street, in the fall of 1969, Father Harry Carlin moved SI to its current Sunset District campus, whereupon the current name, St. Ignatius College Preparatory, was adopted. Though founded as a school, SI became coeducational in 1989 and is home to over 1,400 male and female students. The school celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2005, SI values three different characteristics, academics, co-curriculars and campus ministry. The Jesuits have experience with excellence in education and they opened their first school in 1548, and Saint Ignatius was founded in 1855. Since 1855, Saint Ignatius has been preparing students for universities all across the world. In 2004 the faculty was one of 12 schools nationwide to be honored by Todays Catholic Teacher magazine for excellence, St. Ignatius offers honors courses and Advanced Placement classes. In 2010, students took 1,422 Academic Placement tests and passed 1,142, students scored more than 700 4s and 5s on these tests. This performance ranks SI among the top 150 schools in the nation, additional information, Student body, 33% students of color, 50% girls/50% boys For the 2013-14 school year, SI distributed more than $3. The Wildcats generally participate in the Western Catholic Athletic League in the Central Coast Section of California, the mens rowing team won the US Rowing Youth National Championships in 1997,2005, and 2006. In addition, the competed in the Henley Royal Regatta in England. The boys lacrosse team won the championship and was ranked nationally in 2008. The schools soccer team has been ranked by ESPN

22.
University of Pennsylvania Law School
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The University of Pennsylvania Law School, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the law school of the University of Pennsylvania. A member of the Ivy League, it is among the most prestigious, selective and it is currently ranked 7th overall by U. S. News & World Report. It offers the degrees of Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, Master of Comparative Laws, the entering class typically consists of approximately 250 students, and admission is highly competitive. For the class entering in the fall of 2014, 16% out of 5859 applicants were offered admission, the 25th and 75th LSAT percentiles for the 2014 entering class were 164 and 170, respectively, with a median of 169. The 25th and 75th undergraduate GPA percentiles were 3.52 and 3.95, respectively, Penn Laws July 2012 Pennsylvania Bar Examination passage rate was 96. 08%. The Law School is one of the T14 law schools, that is, the school prides itself on its collegiality and the importance it places on diversity. Over a third of students identify as persons of color, although well known for its corporate and criminal law faculty, the Law School offers an extensive curriculum and hosts various student groups, research centers and activities. Students publish the University of Pennsylvania Law Review, the oldest law journal in the country, according to Penns 2014 ABA-required disclosures,94. 24% of the Class of 2014 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation, excluding solo practitioners. The law school was ranked #2 of all law schools nationwide by the National Law Journal in terms of sending the highest percentage of 2015 graduates to the largest 100 law firms in the US. Penn began offering a program in law in 1850, under the leadership of George Sharswood. William Draper Lewis was named dean in 1896, in 1900, the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania approved a move to the Law Schools current location at the intersection of 34th and Chestnut. Under Lewis deanship, the law school was one of the first schools to emphasize legal teaching by full-time professors instead of practitioners, as legal education became more formalized, the school initiated a three-year curriculum and instituted stringent admissions requirements. After 30 years with the law school, Lewis eventually founded the American Law Institute, in 1925, the ALI was later chaired by another of Penn Laws Deans, Herbert Funk Goodrich. Two years before Goodrich was named Dean, the Law School graduated with a J. D. Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander, the first African-American woman to ever receive a Ph. D. in the United States. The first woman to join the faculty was Martha Field in 1969, now a professor at Harvard Law School, the University of Pennsylvania campus covers over 269 acres in a contiguous area of West Philadelphias University City district. All of Penns schools, including the Law School, and most of its research institutes are located on this campus, the Law School consists of four interconnecting buildings around a central courtyard. Directly opposite is Tanenbaum Hall, home to the Biddle Law Library several law journals, administrative offices, the law library houses 1,053,824 volumes and volume equivalents making it the 4th largest law library in the country. Gittis Hall sits on the side and has new classrooms and new

23.
Danville, California
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The Town of Danville is located in the San Ramon Valley in Contra Costa County, California. It is one of the municipalities in California that uses town in its name instead of city. The population was 42,039 in 2010, Danville hosts a farmers market each Saturday next to the San Ramon Valley Museum. The Iron Horse Regional Trail runs through Danville and it was first a railroad that has been converted to an 80-foot wide corridor of bike and hike trails as well as controlled intersections. Extending from Dublin to Concord, the passes through Danville. Danville is also home to the Village Theatre and Art Gallery, hosting theatre, Broadway shows. For over 130 years, Danvilles history has one of change. Often referred to as the Heart of the San Ramon Valley, Danville was first populated by Native Americans who lived next to the creeks, later it was part of Mission San Joses grazing land and a Mexican land grant called Rancho San Ramon. Initially a farming community, the Town of Danville switched from wheat to fruits and nuts after the Southern Pacific Railroad built a line through the area in 1891. It developed as a residential suburb starting in 1947 when the first sizable housing tracts were constructed, the Danville Post Office opened in 1860 with hotel owner Henry W. Harris as the first postmaster. Harris reported in 1862 that there were 20 people living in the town proper, hearing stories of the prosperity to be found in California, people from the mid-west and east began to settle in Danville and the surrounding valleys. Most new residents had been farmers and observed that the land was fertile. The 1869 census counted nearly 1800 people in the combined Danville and they squatted or purchased land from the Mexican and other owners and established ranches, farms and businesses. Settlers raised cattle and sheep and grew wheat, barley and onions, later the farms produced hay, a wide variety of fruit crops, walnuts and almonds. In the 1800s horses and wagons hauled these products north to the docks at Pacheco and Martinez,2, which wound by San Ramon Creek and was almost impassable in the rainy season. Churches, schools, farmers unions and fraternal lodges began as the community evolved, the Union Academy, a private high school begun by the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, served the County from 1859 to 1868 when it burned down. The Danville Presbyterian Church was dedicated in 1875, following a vote of Protestants regarding what denomination it should be, the new building was described as the handsomest church building in the County by the writers of the day. In 1873, Danville Grange No.85 was chartered with Charles Wood elected as the first Worthy Master, the Grange began as a family farmers union and included all the Valley movers and shakers

24.
Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati
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Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati is a law firm in the United States that specializes in business, securities, and intellectual property law. The firms Chairman, Larry Sonsini, is known as an attorney. WSGR provides legal services to technology, life sciences, and growth enterprises worldwide, as well as the venture capital firms, private equity firms, and investment banks that finance them. Among the firms clients are Amazon. com, Autodesk, Expedia, Google, Hewlett-Packard, HTC Corporation, Juniper Networks, LinkedIn, Mylan, Netflix, Tesla, Twitter, and Salesforce. com. and InWith Corp. Core areas of experience include antitrust, corporate, finance, governance, intellectual property, litigation, privacy, regulatory, the firms headquarters are on Page Mill Road in Palo Alto, California, as a part of the Stanford Research Park. Outside of the United States, it has offices in Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, China, since its launch, the firm concentrated on the representation of emerging technology companies and venture capitalists. For example, in 1969, the firm helped form Mayfield Fund, in 1970, John B. Goodrich joins the firm. Larry Sonsini and Mario Rosati joined in 1966 and 1971, respectively, in 1978, the firm takes on the name it has had since, Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, PC. In 1980, WSGR represented Apple Inc. in its much-publicized IPO, the firm was also involved in representing companies in the semiconductor industry, like LSI Logic, Altera, Cirrus Logic, Lattice Semiconductor, and Cypress Semiconductor. These companies were among those that helped Silicon Valley earn its name, for many years, the firm had only one office, in Palo Alto. In late 1998, the firm opened its first national office, in Kirkland, Washington, within the next few years, the firm opened offices in Austin, Texas, San Francisco, Northern Virginia, New York, Salt Lake City, and San Diego. WSGR also began to lead the nation in the number of issuer IPO transactions, in 1999, when VA Linux went public, the firm reaped $24.5 million as the value of the 100,000 shares that the firm held ballooned in value. Other IPOs that enriched the firm because of its equity stake were those of Ask Jeeves, Google, with the downturn in the dotcom economy, however, WSGR had to make a number of adjustments,100 support staff and 60 associates were laid off—about 10% of its attorneys. Good times returned in 2004 when the firm advised Google on its $2.7 billion IPO, in 2005, WSGR launched an office in China and boosted its New York office. In 2006 the firm relocated its Northern Virginia lawyers to Washington, in 2016, WSGR represented long-time client LinkedIn in their $26.2 billion acquisition by Microsoft, which represented Microsofts largest ever acquisition. Bochner, Board of Directors, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco William B, wright, Commissioner, Federal Trade Commission Official website

25.
Venture capital
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Venture capital firms or funds invest in these early-stage companies in exchange for equity–an ownership stake–in the companies they invest in. Venture capitalists take on the risk of financing risky start-ups in the hopes some of the firms they support will become successful. The start-ups are usually based on a technology or business model and they are usually from the high technology industries, such as information technology. The typical venture capital investment occurs after a seed funding round. The first round of venture capital to fund growth is called the Series A round. This institution helps identify promising new firms and provide them with finance, technical expertise, mentoring, marketing know-how, and business models. Once integrated into the network, these firms are more likely to succeed. However, venture capitalists decisions are often biased, exhibiting for instance overconfidence and illusion of control, a venture may be defined as a project prospective converted into a process with an adequate assumed risk and investment. With few exceptions, private equity in the first half of the 20th century was the domain of wealthy individuals, the Wallenbergs, Vanderbilts, Whitneys, Rockefellers, and Warburgs were notable investors in private companies in the first half of the century. In 1938, Laurance S. Rockefeller helped finance the creation of both Eastern Air Lines and Douglas Aircraft, and the Rockefeller family had vast holdings in a variety of companies. Eric M. Warburg founded E. M. Warburg & Co. in 1938, which would ultimately become Warburg Pincus, with investments in both leveraged buyouts and venture capital. The Wallenberg family started Investor AB in 1916 in Sweden and were early investors in several Swedish companies such as ABB, Atlas Copco, Ericsson, before World War II, money orders remained primarily the domain of wealthy individuals and families. Georges Doriot, the father of capitalism, founded INSEAD in 1957. Along with Ralph Flanders and Karl Compton, Doriot founded ARDC in 1946 to encourage investment in businesses run by soldiers returning from World War II. ARDC became the first institutional private-equity investment firm to raise capital from other than wealthy families. ARDC is credited with the first trick when its 1957 investment of $70,000 in Digital Equipment Corporation would be valued at over $355 million after the initial public offering in 1968. Former employees of ARDC went on to several prominent venture-capital firms including Greylock Partners and Morgan, Holland Ventures. ARDC continued investing until 1971, when Doriot retired, in 1972 Doriot merged ARDC with Textron after having invested in over 150 companies

26.
San Francisco Chronicle
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It was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. The paper is owned by the Hearst Corporation, which bought it from the de Young family in 2000. The paper benefited from the growth of San Francisco and was the largest circulation newspaper on the West Coast of the United States by 1880. Like many other newspapers, it has experienced a fall in circulation in the early 21st century. The newspaper publishes two web sites, SFGate, which has a mixture of news and web features. Between World War II and 1971, new editor Scott Josephine Newhall took a bold, the newspaper grew in circulation to become the citys largest, overtaking the rival San Francisco Examiner. The demise of other San Francisco dailies through the late 1950s and early 1960s left the Examiner, from 1965 on the two papers shared a single classified-advertising operation. This arrangement stayed in place until the Hearst Corporation took full control of the Chronicle, beginning in the early 1990s, the Chronicle started to face competition beyond the borders of San Francisco. The Chronicle launched five zoned sections to appear in the Friday edition of the paper, the sections covered San Francisco, and four different suburban areas. They each featured a unique columnist, enterprise pieces and local news specific to the community, the newspaper added 40 full-time staff positions to work in the suburban bureaus. The de Young family controlled the paper, via the Chronicle Publishing Company, until July 27,2000, following the sale, the Hearst Corporation transferred the Examiner to the Fang family, publisher of the San Francisco Independent and AsianWeek, along with a $66-million subsidy. Under the new owners, the Examiner became a free tabloid, in 1949, the de Young family founded KRON-TV, the Bay Areas third television station. Until the mid-1960s, the station, operated from the basement of the Chronicle Building, KRON moved to studios at 1001 Van Ness Avenue. The frequent bold-faced, all-capital-letter headlines typical of the Chronicles front page were eliminated, editor Ward Bushees note heralded the issue as the start of a new era for the Chronicle. On July 6,2009, the paper unveiled some alterations to the new design that included yet newer section fronts and wider use of color photographs and graphics. In a special section publisher Frank J. Vega described new, the newer look was accompanied by a reduction in size of the broadsheet. On November 9,2009, the Chronicle became the first newspaper in the nation to print on high-quality glossy paper, the high-gloss paper is used for some section fronts and inside pages. As of 2013 the publisher of the Chronicle is Jeffrey Johnson, audrey Cooper was named editor-in-chief in January 2015 and is the first woman to hold the position

27.
Open data
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Open data is the idea that some data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control. The goals of the data movement are similar to those of other open movements such as open source, open hardware, open content and open access. gov. Open data may include non-textual material such as maps, genomes, connectomes, chemical compounds, mathematical and scientific formulae, medical data and practice, bioscience, problems often arise because these are commercially valuable or can be aggregated into works of value. Access to, or re-use of, the data is controlled by organisations, control may be through access restrictions, licenses, copyright, patents and charges for access or re-use. Advocates of open data argue that these restrictions are against the communal good, in addition, it is important that the data are re-usable without requiring further permission, though the types of re-use may be controlled by a license. We are busy locking up that data and preventing the use of advanced technologies on knowledge. Creators of data often do not consider the need to state the conditions of ownership, licensing and re-use, however, the lack of a license makes it difficult to determine the status of a data set and may restrict the use of data offered in an Open spirit. Because of this uncertainty it is possible for public or private organizations to aggregate said data, protect it with copyright. The issue of indigenous knowledge poses a challenge in terms of capturing, storage. Many societies in third-world countries lack the technicality processes of managing the IK, at his presentation at the XML2005 conference, Connolly displayed these two quotations regarding open data, I want my data back. Ive long believed that customers of any application own the data they enter into it, Open data can come from any source. This section lists some of the fields that publish a large amount of open data, the concept of open access to scientific data was institutionally established with the formation of the World Data Center system, in preparation for the International Geophysical Year of 1957–1958. The Human Genome Project was an initiative that exemplified the power of open data. More recent initiatives such as the Structural Genomics Consortium have illustrated that the open data approach can also be used productively within the context of industrial R&D, linkedscience. org/data – Open scientific datasets encoded as Linked Data. There are a range of different arguments for government data. Some make the case that opening up official information can support technological innovation and economic growth by enabling third parties to develop new kinds of digital applications, several national governments have created web sites to distribute a portion of the data they collect. It is a concept for a project in municipal Government to create. Additionally, other levels of government have established open data websites, there are many government entities pursuing Open Data in Canada

28.
Ed Lee (politician)
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Edwin Mah Ed Lee is an American politician and attorney who is the 43rd and current Mayor of San Francisco, California. Lee won the election on November 8,2011 to serve a term as Mayor. Lee is the first Asian American mayor in San Franciscos history, before being appointed mayor, he was City Administrator. Prior to his employment with the City and County of San Francisco, Mayor Lee was the Managing Attorney for the San Francisco Asian Law Caucus, from 1989 to 1991, Lee worked as a Whistleblower Ordinance Investigator and the Deputy Director of Employment Relations in San Francisco. Lee later worked as the director of the Human Rights Commission from 1991 to 1996, afterwards, Lee became director of the City Purchasing Department in 1996 until his appointment to City Administrator in 2000. In 1989, Lee was appointed by Mayor Art Agnos as the Citys first investigator under the citys Whistleblower Ordinance, Agnos later appointed him deputy director of human relations. In 1991, he was hired as director of the San Francisco Human Rights Commission, serving in that capacity under Mayors Agnos, Frank Jordan. Brown appointed him Director of City Purchasing, where, among other responsibilities, in 2000, he was appointed Director of Public Works for the City, and in 2005 was appointed by Mayor Newsom to a five-year term as City Administrator, to which he was reappointed in 2010. As City Administrator, Lee oversaw the reduction of city government, speculation about possible appointees and debate on whether or not the old Board of Supervisors should cast the vote for the new mayor soon followed Newsoms election as lieutenant governor. The Board of Supervisors nominated four people, former Mayor Art Agnos, Sheriff Michael Hennessey, former Board of Supervisors president Aaron Peskin, and Lee. At the January 7 meeting, the old board voted 10–1 to elect Lee as mayor, at the time, Lee promised not to seek election if appointed, a statement which helped to gain support for his appointment. The vote was preliminary and non-binding, as Newsom had delayed his resignation until new members of the Board took office, a final vote was taken on January 11 by the new board to confirm Lee, one day after Newsoms resignation. The board voted unanimously for Lee and he took office immediately thereafter, as mayor, Lee reached an agreement with the Board of Supervisors to close a $380 million budget deficit. He implemented the City’s move to cleaner vehicles and an infrastructure to support electric vehicles, Mayor Lee also developed and oversaw implementation of the City’s first ever Ten Year Capital Plan to guide our capital priorities and infrastructure investment. In 2012, Mayor Lee pushed for the approval of the Housing Trust Fund which invested $1.5 billion in affordable housing production. In 2014, Mayor Lee pledged to construct 30,000 new and rehabilitated homes throughout the City by 2020, with half available to low, working and middle income San Franciscans. Mayor Lee launched a Small Site Acquisition Program, which funds the purchase & stabilization of multi-family rental buildings in neighborhoods that are susceptible to evictions, later, Lee created preferences for Neighborhood Residents and Displaced Tenants in our affordable housing programs to help keep residents in their communities. Lee launched the Ellis Act Housing Preference Program for tenants who are evicted under the State Ellis Act, Displaced tenants are now given preference for the City’s affordable housing programs

29.
San Francisco Board of Supervisors
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The San Francisco Board of Supervisors is the legislative body within the government of the City and County of San Francisco, California, United States. The City and County of San Francisco is a consolidated city-county, being simultaneously a city and charter county with a consolidated government. Members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors were paid $110,858 per year in 2015, there are 11 members of the Board of Supervisors, each representing a geographic district. How the Board of Supervisors should be elected has been a matter of contention in recent San Francisco history, but San Francisco, notwithstanding a population of over 700,000, was often an exception. Prior to 1977 and again from 1980 through 2000, the Board of Supervisors was chosen in at-large elections, the person who received the most votes was elected President of the Board of Supervisors, and the next four or five were elected to seats on the board. District elections were enacted by Proposition T in November 1976, district elections were repealed by Proposition A in August 1980 by a vote of 50. 58% Yes to 49. 42% No. An attempt was made to district elections in November 1980 with Proposition N. District elections were reinstated by Proposition G in November 1996 with a November runoff, runoffs were eliminated and replaced with instant-runoff voting with Proposition A in March 2002. Under the current system, supervisors are elected by district to four-year terms, a partial term counts as a full term if the supervisor is appointed and/or elected to serve more than two years of it. The terms are staggered so that half the board is elected every two years, thereby providing continuity. Supervisors representing odd-numbered districts are elected every fourth year counted from 2000, Supervisors representing even-numbered districts were elected to transitional two-year terms in 2000, thereafter to be elected every fourth year. Terms of office begin on the January 8th following the election for each seat. Each supervisor is elected on a basis and is required to live in his or her district. Although supervisors positions are non-partisan, as of 2016 all 11 supervisors are members of the Democratic Party, the most recent supervisoral elections were held on November 8,2016. The President of the Board of Supervisors, under the new system, is elected by the members of the Board from among their number. This is typically done at the first meeting of the new session commencing after the general election, members of the Board of Supervisors are elected from 11 single-member districts. The districts cover the following neighborhoods, approximately, the maps shown below lack markings for streets or street names. The City of San Francisco has detailed maps of each district available on its website, members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors San Francisco Board of Supervisors website

30.
List of United States cities by population
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The following is a list of the most populous incorporated places of the United States. As defined by the United States Census Bureau, an incorporated place includes a variety of designations, including city, town, village, borough, a few exceptional Census Designated Places are also included in the Census Bureaus listing of incorporated places. Consolidated city-counties represent a type of government that includes the entire population of a county. Some consolidated city-counties, however, include multiple incorporated places and this list presents only that portion of such consolidated city-counties that are not a part of another incorporated place. A different ranking is evident when considering U. S. metropolitan area populations, the following table lists the 304 incorporated places in the United States with a population of at least 100,000 on July 1,2015, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau. A city is displayed in if it is a state or federal capital. Five states—Delaware, Maine, Vermont, West Virginia and Wyoming—do not have cities with populations of 100,000 or more, smaller incorporated places are not included. The mean density is 4,128.21 inhabitants per square mile, the median is 3,160.85 inhabitants per square mile. The following table lists the five municipalities of Puerto Rico with a greater than 100,000 on July 1,2016. Census-designated places with populations of at least 100,000 according to the 2010 Census, a CDP is a concentration of population identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical purposes. CDPs are delineated for each decennial census as the counterparts of incorporated places such as cities, towns. CDPs are populated areas that lack separate municipal government, but which otherwise physically resemble incorporated places, unlike the incorporated cities in the main list, the US Census Bureau does not release annual population estimates for CDPs. S. Cities that, in past censuses, have had populations of at least 100,000 but have since decreased beneath this threshold or have been consolidated with or annexed into a neighboring city. The percent decline in population from its peak Census count to the most recent Census estimate in 2015, any additional notes of significant importance. Demographics of the United States United States Census Bureau List of U. S. S

31.
Eric Garcetti
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Eric Michael Garcetti is the current mayor of Los Angeles. A member of the Democratic Party, he was first elected mayor in 2013, a former member of the Los Angeles City Council, Garcetti served as council president from 2006 to 2012. Garcetti is the citys first elected Jewish mayor, as well as its youngest, in 2015, Garcetti became the first mayor of a major American city to sign a $15 minimum wage law, which began to gradually take effect beginning in 2016. Garcetti was born at Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles and was raised in Encino, Garcetti is the son of Sukey and the former Los Angeles County district attorney Gil Garcetti. His paternal grandmother, Juanita Iberri, was born in Arizona, one of 19 children born to an emigrant father from Sonora, Mexico and a born in Arizona to an Irish father. His maternal grandfather, Harry Roth, founded and ran the clothing brand Louis Roth Clothes and it has also been reported that Garcettis family is of Litvak descent. Eric Garcetti attended elementary school at UCLA Lab School, and middle school and he majored in political science and urban planning and received a B. A. from Columbia University in 1992 as a John Jay Scholar. He studied as a Rhodes Scholar at The Queens College, Oxford and also studied for a PhD in ethnicity and his academic work focused on ethnic conflict and nationalism and he has lived and studied in Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa. He has published articles and chapters of books on post-conflict societies, Eritrean nationalism and he served on the California Board of Human Rights Watch. Garcetti was elected to the Los Angeles City Council in 2001 and he succeeded Alex Padilla as President of the City Council on January 1,2006 and was re-elected as President at the beginning of the Councils subsequent terms in 2007 and 2009. Garcetti declared his candidacy for mayor of Los Angeles on September 8,2011, on January 30,2013, the Los Angeles Teachers Union voted to endorse Garcetti in the primary election. Garcetti supported recent expansions of the Los Angeles Police Department and the re-implementation of the Senior Lead Officer Program, crime has fallen in his district by more than forty percent since 2001. In 2004, Garcetti authored Proposition O, a county stormwater bond which sought to clean the citys waterways, voters approved the bond with just over 76% of the vote making it the largest clean water bond in the country. In 2005, Garcetti helped found the Los Angeles Neighborhood Land Trust and he supported changes in the citys landscape ordinance and plumbing codes to promote water conservation. A longtime electric car driver, he appeared as a proponent of electric cars in the 2006 documentary Who Killed the Electric Car. In July 2010, Garcetti, then President of the Los Angeles City Council, led the weakening of a 2009 lawn watering ordinance, allowing watering three days per week rather than two. An LA Times editorial called the City Councils weakening of the watering ordinance a death knell for one of the best collective environmental efforts made by the citizens of Los Angeles. At times, Garcetti has come under scrutiny for developments that unexpectedly demolish and built over cultural

32.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital

33.
Kevin Faulconer
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Kevin Lee Faulconer is the 38th and current mayor of San Diego, California. He was elected in an election in February 2014 after the resignation of Bob Filner and served the balance of his predecessors term. He was sworn in as mayor on March 3,2014, on June 7,2016, he won re-election to a second term. Prior to his election as mayor, Faulconer served as a San Diego City Council member representing City Council District 2. He served on the council from January 2006 to March 2014 and he is a Republican, although local government positions are officially nonpartisan per California state law. Faulconer was born and raised in Oxnard, California, where he learned to speak Spanish in grade school, graduating from San Diego State University in 1990, he was a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity, and served one year as Student Body President of Associated Students. He and his wife Katherine, a business owner, live in Point Loma with their two children. Before running for office he was an executive with the public relations firm NCG Porter Novelli, Faulconer ran in the 2002 city council election for district 2 but lost to Michael Zucchet in a close-fought election. After Zucchet resigned in 2005, an election was held that November. There were 17 candidates and none got a majority, so a runoff was held on January 10,2006, Faulconer won the runoff with 51. 5% of the vote. He was elected to a term in June 2006 and re-elected in June 2010. He was ineligible to run for re-election in 2014 per city term limits, although Faulconer was once a supporter of alcohol being allowed on public beaches in San Diego, he changed his opinion after winning election to the city council. The ban has not been challenged since, with the community generally approving of cleaner beaches and fewer emergency calls, in the fall of 2006, over 30 bars and restaurants in Pacific Beach agreed with one another to limit the offering of discounts on alcohol drinks. Faulconer supported the agreement and spoke at the press conference announcing the agreement. He campaigned against a proposed tax increase in 2010. Other issues he promoted include the North Embarcadero Visionary Plan and more housing services for the homeless and he pushed for several years for an ordinance limiting the parking of oversize vehicles on the streets, the ordinance finally passed the city council in July 2013. Faulconer was chair of the councils Audit Committee, which is charged with clearing out an audit backlog and he was vice chair of the Rules and Economic Development Committee and a member of the Budget and Finance Committee. In September 2013 Faulconer entered the race to succeed mayor Bob Filner in the special election and he was endorsed by the local Republican Party and by former Mayor Jerry Sanders, now president of the San Diego Chamber of Commerce

34.
San Diego
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San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people. San Diego has been called the birthplace of California, historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly independent Mexico, in 1850, California became part of the United States following the Mexican–American War and the admission of California to the union. The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the center of the region as well as the San Diego–Tijuana metropolitan area. San Diegos main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, the presence of the University of California, San Diego, with the affiliated UCSD Medical Center, has helped make the area a center of research in biotechnology. The original inhabitants of the region are now known as the San Dieguito, the area of San Diego has been inhabited by the Kumeyaay people. The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile, sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site San Miguel. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast, in May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California, in July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in, Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in California of the historic mission trail El Camino Real. Both the Presidio and the Mission are National Historic Landmarks, in 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was secularized by the Mexican government in 1833, the 432 residents of the town petitioned the governor to form a pueblo, and Juan María Osuna was elected the first alcalde, defeating Pío Pico in the vote

35.
Sam Liccardo
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Samuel Theodore Sam Liccardo is an American politician from California, currently serving as Mayor of San Jose. Liccardo was elected mayor in November 2014, One of five children to Salvador and Laura Liccardo, Sam Liccardo grew up in Saratoga, California and graduated from Bellarmine College Prep. Liccardo studied at Georgetown University and earned his law diploma at Harvard Law School, prior to his election to public office in 2006 he served as a criminal prosecutor in the Santa Clara County District Attorneys office. In 2006, Liccardo ran for San Joses District 3 Council seat, after placing first in an eight-candidate June primary with 43% percent of the vote, Liccardo went on to place first in the November runoff election, this time with 61. 3%. In June 2010, he won his reelection to the City Council with 80. 16% of the primary vote, as councilman, Liccardo advocated for more high rises in San José’s downtown, including the construction of the $135 million, 23-story high rise at One South Market. In 2014, Liccardo ran for Mayor of San Jose to succeed termed-out Mayor Chuck Reed and he placed second in a five-candidate June primary with 25. 7% of the vote and placed first in the November runoff with 50. 8% of the vote. The mayor offered policy suggestions in a book, Safer City. In his first year in office, he helped guide negotiations on an agreement with all 11 of citys employee unions that could save the city $3 billion in costs over the course of three decades. In the 2016 elections, voters approved the agreement by passing Measure F with more than 61% of the vote and this measure replaced a contentious pension reform plan, which has faced a series of legal challenges since its 2012 passage. The city has engaged in a number of efforts to expand its tax base, the city launched five new, direct international flights from the Mineta San José International Airport in 2016. Large Silicon Valley companies, such as Apple and Google, will also bring campuses to North San José, residents approved a quarter-percent sales taxes increase in June,2016, with a vote of 62% in favor. City officials estimate the tax will generate $40 million annually, in 2016, the San José City Council allocated $17.7 million of that new tax money to road repair, including potholes. In addition, Liccardo advocated for a half-cent sales tax increase called Measure B on the 2016 November ballot, the tax is devoted to transportation, with funds dedicated to expanding BART, reducing traffic congestion, and filling potholes. The City also launched a youth employment program called SJ Works during Liccardo’s first year in office, with a goal of serving 800 youth, in 2016, the City allocated funding to expand the program to 1,000 participants. In Liccardos second year, the City Council voted unanimously to raise the wage to $15 by 2019. This culminated a regional effort Liccardo began with mayors from Santa Clara County, including Los Altos, Mountain View, Cupertino and Palo Alto. In March 2016, Liccardo unveiled a Smart City Vision, with the goal to make San Jose the “most innovative city in America by 2020. ”This vision received unanimous approval from the City Council in March. Liccardo also advocated for ways to house the homeless, including rehabilitating two deteriorating motels, the Plaza Hotel and the Santa Clara Inn, according to a city staff report, such motel conversions represent a cost-effective way to house homeless households

36.
San Jose, California
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San Jose, officially the City of San José, is the economic, cultural, and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California. With an estimated 2015 population of 1,026,908, it is the third most populous city in California and the tenth most populous in United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on the shore of San Francisco Bay. San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County, the most affluent county in California. San Jose is the largest city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area, which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively. Before the arrival of the Spanish, the area around San Jose was inhabited by the Ohlone people, San Jose was founded on November 29,1777, as the Pueblo of San José de Guadalupe, the first civilian town founded in Spanish Alta California. When California gained statehood in 1850, San Jose became the states first capital, following World War II, San Jose experienced an economic boom, with a rapid population growth and aggressive annexation of nearby cities and communities carried out in the 1950s and 60s. The rapid growth of the high-technology and electronics industries further accelerated the transition from a center to an urbanized metropolitan area. Results of the 1990 U. S. Census indicated that San Jose had officially surpassed San Francisco as the most populous city in Northern California, by the 1990s, San Jose and the rest of Silicon Valley had become the global center for the high tech and internet industries. San Jose is considered to be a city, notable for its affluence. San Joses location within the high tech industry, as a cultural, political. San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world, and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world, according to the Brookings Institute. Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems, eBay, Adobe Systems, PayPal, Brocade, Samsung, Acer, Prior to European settlement, the area was inhabited by several groups of Ohlone Native Americans. The first lasting European presence began with a series of Franciscan missions established from 1769 by Junípero Serra, San Jose came under Mexican rule in 1821 after Mexico broke with the Spanish crown. It then became part of the United States, after it capitulated in 1846, on March 27,1850, San Jose became the second incorporated city in the state, with Josiah Belden its first mayor. San Jose was Californias first state capital, and hosted the first, today the Circle of Palms Plaza in downtown is the historical marker for the first state capital. The city was a station on the Butterfield Overland Mail route, in the period 1900 through 1910, San Jose served as a center for pioneering invention, innovation, and impact in both lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air flight. These activities were led principally by John Montgomery and his peers, the City of San Jose has established Montgomery Park, a Monument at San Felipe and Yerba Buena Roads, and John J. Montgomery Elementary School in his honor

37.
Fresno, California
–
Fresno (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ FREZ-no is a city in California, United States, and the county seat of Fresno County. It covers about 112 square miles in the center of the San Joaquin Valley, named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885. The population of Fresno proper soared in the half of the 20th century. It was here in Fresno in 1958 that Bank of America first launched the BankAmericard credit card, Fresno is near the geographical center of California. It lies approximately 220 miles northeast of Los Angeles,170 miles south of the capital, Sacramento. Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles to the north, Kings Canyon National Park is 60 miles to the east, the county of Fresno was formed in 1856 after the California Gold Rush. It was named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Millerton, then on the banks of the free-flowing San Joaquin River and close to Fort Miller, became the county seat after becoming a focal point for settlers. Other early county settlements included Firebaughs Ferry, Scottsburg and Elkhorn Springs, the San Joaquin River flooded on December 24,1867, inundating Millerton. Flooding also destroyed the town of Scottsburg on the nearby Kings River that winter, rebuilt on higher ground, Scottsburg was renamed Centerville. In 1867, Anthony McQeen Easterby purchased land bounded by the present Chestnut, Belmont, Clovis and California avenues, unable to grow wheat for lack of water, he hired sheep man Moses J. Church in 1871 to create an irrigation system. Building new canals and purchasing existing ditches, Church then formed the Fresno Canal and Irrigation Company, in 1872, the Central Pacific Railroad established a station near Easterbys—by now a hugely productive wheat farm—for its new Southern Pacific line. Soon there was a store around the station and the store grew the town of Fresno Station, many Millerton residents, drawn by the convenience of the railroad and worried about flooding, moved to the new community. Fresno became a city in 1885. By 1931 the Fresno Traction Company operated 47 streetcars over 49 miles of track, in 1877, William Helm made Fresno his home with a five-acre tract of land at the corner of Fresno and R streets. Helm was the largest individual sheep grower in Fresno County, in carrying his wool to market at Stockton, he used three wagons, each drawn by ten mules, and spent twelve days in making the round trip. Two years after the station was established, county residents voted to move the county seat from Millerton to Fresno, when the Friant Dam was completed in 1944, the site of Millerton became inundated by the waters of Millerton Lake. In extreme droughts, when the reservoir shrinks, ruins of the county seat can still be observed. In the nineteenth century, with so much wooden construction and in the absence of sophisticated firefighting resources, fires often ravaged American frontier towns, the greatest of Fresnos early-day fires, in 1882, destroyed an entire block of the city

38.
Darrell Steinberg
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Darrell Steven Steinberg is an American politician who serves as the mayor of Sacramento, California. He was elected to be mayor on June 7,2016, before that, he was California Senate President pro Tempore and the leader of the majority party in the California State Senate from 2008 to 2014. Steinberg was a member of the California State Senate representing the 6th District and he had also previously served as a member of the California State Assembly and as a member of the Sacramento City Council. He is a member of the Democratic Party, Steinberg graduated from Capuchino High School in Millbrae-San Bruno, California, and from University of California, Los Angeles where he earned a BA in economics. He then earned a Juris Doctorate from University of California, Davis School of Law and he served as an employee rights attorney for the California State Employees Association for 10 years before his work as an Administrative Law Judge and mediator. Darrell Steinberg was a member of the California State Assembly from 1998 until he was termed out in 2004. During his time in the Assembly Steinberg served as Chair of the Assembly Committees on Budget, Appropriations, Judiciary, Labor and Employment, and he authored 70 bills that were signed into law in areas that included Mental Health, K-12 education, foster care and workplace safety. Steinberg is considered an advocate for children and mental health issues. He authored legislation to focus additional educational resources on high-poverty schools and he authored several nationally recognized laws to improve the state’s foster care system, including measures to improve system accountability and educational stability. His legislation in foster care included AB408, which mandated steps to help older foster youth find permanent homes and families and he also passed AB34, the first significant expansion of community mental health programs in more than a decade. Some supporters referred to this legislation as the Tosco bill because of an accident that occurred at the Tosco Refinery near Martinez, the accident, which resulted in four deaths, was held up as an example of insufficient penalties for dangerous workplace-safety violations. Steinberg was the President pro Tempore of the California State Senate from 2008 to 2014, in February 2008, he was selected by Senate Democrats to become Pro Tem in the next legislative session, when the incumbent would be termed-out. He took office in November 2008 as the first Senate leader from Sacramento since 1883, before being elevated to Pro Tem, he was Chair of the Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee. He also chaired the Senate Select Committee on High School Graduation, the Mental Health Services Oversight and Accountability Commission, and the Legislative Blue Ribbon Commission on Autism. As a member of the State Senate, Steinberg continued many of the causes he had undertaken as a member of the Assembly. He continued his work on improving test scores, aiding under performing schools, lowering dropout rates, and improving the states mental health system. In 2007, Steinberg introduced a bill to cap at 20 the number of high school students can work after school if their grade point average is not 2.5 or higher. The 6th District includes the city of Sacramento as well as parts of Elk Grove

39.
Sacramento, California
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Sacramento is the capital city of the U. S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. It is at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the portion of Californias expansive Central Valley. Its estimated 2014 population of 485,199 made it the sixth-largest city in California, Sacramento is the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area, which includes seven counties with a 2010 population of 2,414,783. In 2002, the Civil Rights Project at Harvard University conducted for Time magazine named Sacramento Americas Most Diverse City, Sacramento became a city through the efforts of the Swiss immigrant John Sutter, Sr. his son John Augustus Sutter, Jr. and James W. Marshall. Sacramento grew quickly thanks to the protection of Sutters Fort, which was established by Sutter in 1839, the city was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santísimo Sacramento, California State University, Sacramento, is the largest university in the city and one of 23 campuses in the California State University system. University of the Pacific is a university with one of its three campuses in Sacramento. In addition, the University of California, Davis, located in nearby Davis, operates its UC Davis Medical Center, nisenan and Plains Miwok Native Americans had lived in the area for perhaps thousands of years. Unlike the settlers who would eventually make Sacramento their home, these Native Americans left little evidence of their existence. Traditionally, their diet was dominated by acorns taken from the oak trees in the region, and by fruits, bulbs, seeds. In 1808, the Spanish explorer Gabriel Moraga discovered and named the Sacramento Valley, a Spanish writer with the Moraga expedition wrote, Canopies of oaks and cottonwoods, many festooned with grapevines, overhung both sides of the blue current. Birds chattered in the trees and big fish darted through the pellucid depths, the air was like champagne, and drank deep of it, drank in the beauty around them. The valley and the river were then christened after the Most Holy Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ, John Sutter first arrived on August 13,1839 at the divergence of the American and Sacramento Rivers with a Mexican land grant of 50,000 acres. The next year, he and his party established Sutters Fort, representing Mexico, Sutter called his colony New Helvetia, a Swiss inspired name, and was the political authority and dispenser of justice in the new settlement. Soon, the colony began to grow as more and more pioneers headed west, within just a few short years, John Sutter had become a grand success, owning a ten-acre orchard and a herd of thirteen thousand cattle. Fort Sutter became a stop for the increasing number of immigrants coming through the valley. In 1847, Sutter hired James Marshall to build a sawmill so that he could continue to expand his empire, Sutter received 2,000 fruit trees in 1847, which started the agriculture industry in the Sacramento Valley. In 1848, when gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutters Mill in Coloma and he hired topographical engineer William H

40.
Robert Garcia (California politician)
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Robert Garcia is a Peruvian-American politician who is the current Mayor of Long Beach, California. He previously represented the First Council District, which large areas of downtown, parts of the Port of Long Beach. In 2014 Garcia ran for Mayor of Long Beach and he qualified for the runoff by finishing first in the primary election. He won the election on June 3,2014 with 52. 1% of the vote. Garcia was the first openly gay person to be elected Mayor of Long Beach, Garcia was born on December 2,1977 in Lima, Peru. He immigrated to the United States with his mother at age 5 and his mother and aunt worked in many jobs, including as housekeepers, to support the family. He continued his education at the University of Southern California, where he received a Masters Degree, Garcia received his Ed. D. in Educational Policy from California State University, Long Beach, in June 2010. He has taught courses in Communication and Public Policy at the University of Southern California, California State University, Long Beach and he is fully bilingual, speaking, reading and writing both English and Spanish fluently. Originally a Republican, Garcia served as California Youth Coalition Coordinator for the 2000 George W. Bush presidential campaign while in college. In 2005, he founded and was president of the Long Beach Young Republicans, he worked as chief of staff for Long Beach City Councilmember Frank Colonna, Garcia changed his party to Democratic around 2007. In 2007, Garcia founded the Long Beach Post, a devoted to local news. The site soon became popular with political figures and community leaders. Garcia, with area residents, founded the North Pine Neighborhood Alliance in 2008 to advocate for the needs of downtown residents. This launched his career in earnest. In 2009, Garcia defeated six other candidates, including a former First District Councilmember and he was reelected in April 2010 by a margin of more than 40 percentage points. In July 2012, he was elected to a two-year term as Vice Mayor by the City Council, becoming the first Latino Vice Mayor in Long Beach. In January 2013, Garcia was appointed to the California Coastal Commission, in July 2013, after Bob Foster announced he would not seek re-election, Garcia entered the race for Long Beach Mayor. Upon being installed as Mayor, Garcia had to leave the Coastal Commission and he has shown interest in government reform and fiscal accountability, and supported the City Managers efforts to consolidate departments

Mayor of San Francisco
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The Mayor of the City and County of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the San Francisco city and county government. The mayor has the duty to enforce city laws, and the power to approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. The mayor serves a term and is limited to two successive terms. There have been 4

1.
Incumbent Ed Lee since 2011

2.
John W. Geary, 1st mayor of San Francisco

3.
Isaac Smith Kalloch, 18th mayor of San Francisco

4.
Washington Bartlett, 20th mayor of San Francisco

London Breed
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London Nicole Breed is an American elected official in San Francisco, California. She serves as a member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors representing Supervisorial District 5, Breed was raised by her grandmother in public housing in the Western Addition. She is a graduate of Galileo High School, Breed earned a bachelors degree from the Un

1.
District 1 Eric Mar District 7 Norman Yee

Members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors
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The San Francisco Board of Supervisors is the legislative body of San Francisco, California. The body consists of members elected from single-member districts through ranked choice voting. From 1977 to 1979, and starting again in 2000, supervisors were elected from eleven single-member districts, prior to 1977 and from 1980 to 1998, members were el

1.
Current United States Senator Dianne Feinstein served as supervisor from 1970 to 1978 and as president in 1978.

2.
The Board of Supervisors meets in San Francisco City Hall.

3.
Harvey Milk, the first openly gay elected public official in California, served as supervisor in 1978.

4.
District 1 Eric Mar District 7 Norman Yee

San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856

California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and th

1.
A forest of redwood trees in Redwood National Park

2.
Flag

3.
Mount Shasta

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Aerial view of the California Central Valley

Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democrati

1.
Andrew Jackson was the first Democratic President of the United States

3.
The three leaders of the Democratic party during the first half of the 20th century: President Woodrow Wilson (nominated in 1912 and '16) Sec. of State William J. Bryan (nominated in 1896, 1900 and 1908), Josephus Daniels, Breckinridge Long, William Phillips, and Franklin D. Roosevelt (nominated for VP in 1920 and for president in 1932, 36,'40 and 44)

4.
John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States (1961–1963)

Loyola Marymount University
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Loyola Marymount University is a private, co-educational university in the Jesuit and Marymount traditions located in the Westchester neighborhood on the Westside of Los Angeles, California. The university is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities, Loyola Marymount, which sits atop the bluffs overlookin

1.
St. Vincent's College, second location, 1867

2.
Loyola Marymount University

3.
The Sunken Gardens and Sacred Heart Chapel

4.
Xavier Hall

Bachelor of Arts
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A Bachelor of Arts is a bachelors degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both. Bachelor of Arts degree programs take three to four years depending on the country, academic institution, and specific specializations, majors or minors. The word baccalaureus or baccalarium should not be confus

1.
A certificate or diploma evidencing the granting of a bachelor's degree

University College Dublin
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University College Dublin is a research university in Dublin, Ireland. It has over 1,482 faculty and 32,000 students, the university originates in a body founded in 1854 with John Henry Newman as the first rector known as the Catholic University of Ireland, re-formed in 1880 and chartered in its own right in 1908. Originally located in locations ac

3.
The Gardens located behind Earlsfort Terrace donated and renamed in his honour by UCD in 1908

4.
Government Buildings, Dublin. The former location of the UCD science and engineering faculties. Opened by King George V in 1905

University of Pennsylvania
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The University of Pennsylvania is a private Ivy League research university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Incorporated as The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania, Penn is one of 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities, the university coat of arms features a dolphin on the red chief, adopted dire

1.
"House intended for the President of the United States" (if Philadelphia remained the National Capital of the United States) from " Birch's Views of Philadelphia " (1800). Home of the College of Philadelphia/University of Pennsylvania. from 1801 to 1829.

2.
Arms of the University of Pennsylvania

3.
Benjamin Franklin, (1705/06-1790), was the primary founder, President of the Board of Trustees, and a trustee of the Academy and College of Philadelphia, which merged with the University of the State of Pennsylvania to form the University of Pennsylvania in 1791. (Charles Willson Peale, 1785)

Juris Doctor
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The Juris Doctor degree, also known as the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree, is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees. It is earned by completing law school in Australia, Canada and the United States and it has the academic standing of a second-entry, professional baccalaureate degree in Canada, a master

1.
Example of a diploma from Suffolk University Law School conferring the Juris Doctor degree.

2.
The Inns of Court of London served as a professional school for lawyers in England

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Tapping Reeve, founder of the first law school in North America, the Litchfield Law School, in 1773

4.
Joseph Story, U.S. Supreme Court Justice, lecturer of law at Harvard and proponent of the scientific study of law

Marina District, San Francisco
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The Marina District is a neighborhood located in San Francisco, California. The neighborhood sits on the site of the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition, aside from the Palace of Fine Arts, all other buildings were demolished to make the current neighborhood. Much of the Marina is built on landfill, and is susceptible to soil liquefaction

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The Palace of Fine Arts, one of the two surviving buildings of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition, is the centerpiece Landmark of the Marina District.

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Damage to the Marina District following the Loma Prieta earthquake.

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The Marina District from the Marina Green and the municipal Marina.

Neighborhoods in San Francisco
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San Francisco, California, has both major, well-known neighborhoods and districts as well as smaller, specific subsections and developments. While there is considerable fluidity among the sources, one guidebook identifies five major districts and these five broad districts, counterclockwise are, Central/downtown, Richmond, Sunset, Upper Market and

1.
Mission Creek, aka China Basin Channel, has a "restored" water edge along the Mission Bay North frontage beyond the usual riverwalk. The ballpark terminates the view, and houseboats are visible at right.

2.
AT&T park in South Beach, San Francisco.

Pacific Heights, San Francisco
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Pacific Heights is an affluent neighborhood of San Francisco, California, which is known for the notable people who reside in the area. Its location provides a temperate micro-climate that is clearer, but not always warmer, the Pacific Heights Residents Association defines the neighborhood as inside Pine Street, Presidio Avenue, Union Street, and V

1.
Northern view from Alta Plaza Park. The Marina District and San Francisco Bay can be seen below.

2.
The C. A. Belden House on Gough Street is a late Revival Style home with Queen Anne and Beaux Arts features. The house is on the National Register of Historic Places in San Francisco.

3.
Consulate-General of Russia in San Francisco

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Typical house entrance in Pacific Heights

Sea Cliff, San Francisco
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Sea Cliff is a neighborhood in northwestern San Francisco, California. It is known for its houses and ocean views. Sea Cliff is one of eight master-planned residence parks in San Francisco and it is adjacent to the Pacific Ocean and Baker Beach, southwest of the Presidio of San Francisco and east of Lincoln Park. Houses in the Sea Cliff neighborhoo

1.
China Beach is seen in the foreground with the sea wall. Baker Beach can be seen in the distance

Presidio of San Francisco
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It had been a fortified location since September 17,1776, when New Spain established it to gain a foothold on Alta California and the San Francisco Bay. It passed to Mexico, which in turn passed it to the United States in 1848. As part of a 1989 military reduction program under the Base Realignment, on October 1,1994, it was transferred to the Nati

1.
A map of the Presidio

2.
Welcome sign

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California Historical Landmark marker for the Presidio

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The Presidio in 1817

Russian Hill
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Russian Hill is a neighborhood of San Francisco, California, in the United States. It is named one of San Franciscos 44 hills. Russian Hill is directly to the north from Nob Hill, to the south from Fishermans Wharf, the Hill is bordered on its west side by parts of the neighborhoods of Cow Hollow and the Marina District. At the northern foot of the

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A view of Lombard Street and Russian Hill from Telegraph Hill. The picture includes the famous "World's crookedest street" portion of Lombard Street.

2.
Lombard Street

3.
View from Russian Hill (Larkin St) towards east

4.
Alice Marble tennis courts.

Kiel
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Kiel is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 240,832. Kiel lies approximately 90 kilometres north of Hamburg, for instance, the city is known for a variety of international sailing events, including the annual Kiel Week, which is the biggest sailing event in the world. The Olymp

1.
Aerial view of the city centre

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Schleswig-Holstein with Kiel Fjord at the Baltic Coast.

3.
The port and Kiel Fjord.

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Kiel Opera House and the tower (107m) of Kiel town hall.

Air force
–
An air force, also known in some countries as an air army, is in the broadest sense, the national military organization that primarily conducts aerial warfare. More specifically, it is the branch of a nations armed services that is responsible for aerial warfare as distinct from an army, navy, or a marine corps. Typically, air forces are responsibl

1.
Four fighters and a tanker aircraft of the USAF.

2.
USAF B-2 Spirit stealth strategic bomber.

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Refuelling a Jaguar GR1 of the Royal Air Force (1991).

4.
RAF Supermarine Spitfire played a vital role in British victory during the Battle of Britain.

Palace of Fine Arts
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One of only a few surviving structures from the Exposition, it is still situated on its original site. It was rebuilt in 1965, and renovation of the lagoon, walkways, the Palace of Fine Arts was designed by Bernard Maybeck, who took his inspiration from Roman and Ancient Greek architecture in designing what was essentially a fictional ruin from ano

1.
Palace of Fine Arts

2.
Painting of the Palace of Fine Arts by Edwin Deakin c. 1915

3.
Panoramic view Palace of Fine Arts: 1919

4.
Wide view of the rotunda, an arch and column details

Saint Ignatius College Preparatory
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St. Ignatius College Preparatory is a private, Catholic preparatory school in the Jesuit tradition, serving the San Francisco Bay Area since 1855. Located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco, in the Sunset District of San Francisco, St. Ignatius was founded as a one-room schoolhouse on Market Street by Fr. Anthony Maraschi, a Jesuit

1.
Igor Olshansky

University of Pennsylvania Law School
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The University of Pennsylvania Law School, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, is the law school of the University of Pennsylvania. A member of the Ivy League, it is among the most prestigious, selective and it is currently ranked 7th overall by U. S. News & World Report. It offers the degrees of Juris Doctor, Master of Laws, Master of Comparati

1.
William Draper Lewis, Penn Law's Dean and founder of the American Law Institute

2.
Silverman Hall

3.
Professor Anita L. Allen

4.
Owen Roberts, US Supreme Court Justice

Danville, California
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The Town of Danville is located in the San Ramon Valley in Contra Costa County, California. It is one of the municipalities in California that uses town in its name instead of city. The population was 42,039 in 2010, Danville hosts a farmers market each Saturday next to the San Ramon Valley Museum. The Iron Horse Regional Trail runs through Danvill

1.
The Clock Tower square in the heart of downtown Danville

2.
Museum Of The San Ramon Valley

3.
Town Meeting Hall

4.
Bodies of water

Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati
–
Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati is a law firm in the United States that specializes in business, securities, and intellectual property law. The firms Chairman, Larry Sonsini, is known as an attorney. WSGR provides legal services to technology, life sciences, and growth enterprises worldwide, as well as the venture capital firms, private equity fir

Venture capital
–
Venture capital firms or funds invest in these early-stage companies in exchange for equity–an ownership stake–in the companies they invest in. Venture capitalists take on the risk of financing risky start-ups in the hopes some of the firms they support will become successful. The start-ups are usually based on a technology or business model and th

1.
A highway exit for Sand Hill Road in Menlo Park, California, where many Bay Area venture capital firms are based

2.
Technology in Israel

3.
Basic investment types

San Francisco Chronicle
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It was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young. The paper is owned by the Hearst Corporation, which bought it from the de Young family in 2000. The paper benefited from the growth of San Francisco and was the largest circulation newspaper on the West Coast of the United States by

1.
San Francisco Chronicle cover, April 22, 1906

2.
The Old Chronicle Building following the 1906 earthquake and fire

3.
Bill German,left, the Chronicle ‍ '​s editor emeritus and Page One Editor Jack Breibart in the newsroom, March 1994

4.
San Francisco Chronicle CEO John Sias announces the sale of the San Francisco Chronicle to the Hearst Corporation August 6, 1999.

Open data
–
Open data is the idea that some data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control. The goals of the data movement are similar to those of other open movements such as open source, open hardware, open content and open access. gov. Open data may i

1.
Clear labeling of the licensing terms is a key component of Open data, and icons like the one pictured here are being used for that purpose.

2.
Open Data Map

Ed Lee (politician)
–
Edwin Mah Ed Lee is an American politician and attorney who is the 43rd and current Mayor of San Francisco, California. Lee won the election on November 8,2011 to serve a term as Mayor. Lee is the first Asian American mayor in San Franciscos history, before being appointed mayor, he was City Administrator. Prior to his employment with the City and

1.
Edwin Lee

San Francisco Board of Supervisors
–
The San Francisco Board of Supervisors is the legislative body within the government of the City and County of San Francisco, California, United States. The City and County of San Francisco is a consolidated city-county, being simultaneously a city and charter county with a consolidated government. Members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors

1.
District 1 Eric Mar District 7 Norman Yee

2.
San Francisco Board of Supervisors

List of United States cities by population
–
The following is a list of the most populous incorporated places of the United States. As defined by the United States Census Bureau, an incorporated place includes a variety of designations, including city, town, village, borough, a few exceptional Census Designated Places are also included in the Census Bureaus listing of incorporated places. Con

1.
Population tables of U.S. cities

2.
The ten most populous cities of the United States

3.
"List of largest cities in the United States" redirects here. For a list of largest cities by area, see List of United States cities by area.

Eric Garcetti
–
Eric Michael Garcetti is the current mayor of Los Angeles. A member of the Democratic Party, he was first elected mayor in 2013, a former member of the Los Angeles City Council, Garcetti served as council president from 2006 to 2012. Garcetti is the citys first elected Jewish mayor, as well as its youngest, in 2015, Garcetti became the first mayor

1.
His Honor Eric Garcetti

Los Angeles
–
Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county

Kevin Faulconer
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Kevin Lee Faulconer is the 38th and current mayor of San Diego, California. He was elected in an election in February 2014 after the resignation of Bob Filner and served the balance of his predecessors term. He was sworn in as mayor on March 3,2014, on June 7,2016, he won re-election to a second term. Prior to his election as mayor, Faulconer serve

San Diego
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San Diego is a major city in California, United States. It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately 120 miles south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. With an estimated population of 1,394,928 as of July 1,2015, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United

1.
Images from top, left to right: San Diego Skyline, Coronado Bridge, museum in Balboa Park, Serra Museum in Presidio Park and the Old Point Loma lighthouse

2.
Kumeyaay people lived in San Diego before Europeans settled there.

3.
Namesake of the city, Didacus of Alcalá: Saint Didacus in Ecstasy Before the Cross by Murillo (Musée des Augustins)

4.
Mission San Diego de Alcalá

Sam Liccardo
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Samuel Theodore Sam Liccardo is an American politician from California, currently serving as Mayor of San Jose. Liccardo was elected mayor in November 2014, One of five children to Salvador and Laura Liccardo, Sam Liccardo grew up in Saratoga, California and graduated from Bellarmine College Prep. Liccardo studied at Georgetown University and earne

1.
Sam Liccardo

San Jose, California
–
San Jose, officially the City of San José, is the economic, cultural, and political center of Silicon Valley and the largest city in Northern California. With an estimated 2015 population of 1,026,908, it is the third most populous city in California and the tenth most populous in United States. Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley, on t

1.
Images, from top down, left to right: Downtown San Jose, Hotel De Anza, East San Jose suburbs, Lick Observatory, Plaza de César Chávez

2.
South First Street in the 1940s

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Overhead panorama of downtown San Jose.

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Looking west over northern San Jose (downtown is at far left) and other parts of Silicon Valley. See an up-to-the-minute view of San Jose from the Mount Hamilton web camera

Fresno, California
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Fresno (/ˈfrɛznoʊ/ FREZ-no is a city in California, United States, and the county seat of Fresno County. It covers about 112 square miles in the center of the San Joaquin Valley, named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River, Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated i

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An 1897 photo of K Street High School, which was replaced by Fresno High School in 1896. The school later became Emerson Elementary School and was demolished ca. 1930.

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Downtown Fresno

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One of the earliest buildings in Fresno, the Fresno Water Tower.

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Downtown Fresno looking east from Chuckchansi Park

Darrell Steinberg
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Darrell Steven Steinberg is an American politician who serves as the mayor of Sacramento, California. He was elected to be mayor on June 7,2016, before that, he was California Senate President pro Tempore and the leader of the majority party in the California State Senate from 2008 to 2014. Steinberg was a member of the California State Senate repr

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Darrell Steinberg

Sacramento, California
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Sacramento is the capital city of the U. S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County. It is at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in the portion of Californias expansive Central Valley. Its estimated 2014 population of 485,199 made it the sixth-largest city in California, Sacramento is the cultural and econom

Robert Garcia (California politician)
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Robert Garcia is a Peruvian-American politician who is the current Mayor of Long Beach, California. He previously represented the First Council District, which large areas of downtown, parts of the Port of Long Beach. In 2014 Garcia ran for Mayor of Long Beach and he qualified for the runoff by finishing first in the primary election. He won the el

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Bakersfield skyline at night with the Rabobank Arena in the foreground.

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The Bakersfield Sign, in April 2009.

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The First Baptist Church building, which survived the 1952 earthquake and is now a commercial use structure, is one of several buildings in Bakersfield listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

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Truxtun Tower, also referred to as the Bank of America Building, is the tallest in downtown and the second tallest building in Bakersfield.

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The olive vat room at Graber Olive House in Ontario, California. In 1894, two years after planting olive trees in Ontario, C. C. Graber began selling vat cured olives from the pictured vat room in vats similar to the ones pictured. Graber Olive House is the oldest operating olive packer in the United States.

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Many of the homes in the center of town, such as the ones seen in this early 1900s postcard, were recognized by the National Register of Historic Places in 2011 as part of the Grand Boulevard Circle Historic District.

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Simi Adobe-Strathearn House was the headquarters of Rancho Simi, one of the largest land grants in Alta California by Spain. It is now a California Historical Landmark and on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.