This chapter presents a sociolinguistic profile of pre-1917 Russian Jews. Various language-related data show that by the end of the 19th century, Yiddish began to be superseded by Russian as the main ...
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This chapter presents a sociolinguistic profile of pre-1917 Russian Jews. Various language-related data show that by the end of the 19th century, Yiddish began to be superseded by Russian as the main language. The concurrent modernization and expansion of literary Yiddish was associated with numerous borrowings from other languages, among which Russian played the paramount role. The problem of a Jewish national language highlighted the political struggle between Zionists and Jewish socialists both of whose thinking was very often framed in terms of a binary opposition of Hebrew versus Yiddish. Some indication of the relative popularity of Yiddish and Hebrew in the Russia of 1917 can be seen from the results of the election to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly. This chapter also discusses the urbanization, modernization, and acculturation of Russian Jews, the languages spoken by Kiev Jewish students, and change processes in Yiddish.Less

Yiddish in late Imperial Russia

Gennady Estraikh

Published in print: 1999-02-04

This chapter presents a sociolinguistic profile of pre-1917 Russian Jews. Various language-related data show that by the end of the 19th century, Yiddish began to be superseded by Russian as the main language. The concurrent modernization and expansion of literary Yiddish was associated with numerous borrowings from other languages, among which Russian played the paramount role. The problem of a Jewish national language highlighted the political struggle between Zionists and Jewish socialists both of whose thinking was very often framed in terms of a binary opposition of Hebrew versus Yiddish. Some indication of the relative popularity of Yiddish and Hebrew in the Russia of 1917 can be seen from the results of the election to the All-Russian Constituent Assembly. This chapter also discusses the urbanization, modernization, and acculturation of Russian Jews, the languages spoken by Kiev Jewish students, and change processes in Yiddish.

This chapter details how Byzantium conquered the north, not by force of arms but through patient diplomacy and the sheer wonder of its visual and literary Christian culture. It first describes the ...
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This chapter details how Byzantium conquered the north, not by force of arms but through patient diplomacy and the sheer wonder of its visual and literary Christian culture. It first describes the attack against the inhabitants of Constantinople on 18 June in the year 860. On this day a fleet of some two hundred ships cruised along the Asian shore, stopping occasionally to disgorge heavily armed men who waded ashore to attack the scattered and defenseless settlements. Constantinople itself was safe enough behind its fortifications but with no prior warning of what was going to happen, nothing could be done to prevent the marauders from plundering the suburbs at their leisure. Constantinople had been attacked by the Russians of Kiev, who had visited the capital in the past to take advantage of trade opportunities. Why they suddenly turned to aggression will never be known. But the attack meant that the Byzantines now had to reckon with a threat from the north along with those from the east and the west and to rethink their entire defensive strategy.Less

The Conquest of the North

Jonathan Harris

Published in print: 2015-10-27

This chapter details how Byzantium conquered the north, not by force of arms but through patient diplomacy and the sheer wonder of its visual and literary Christian culture. It first describes the attack against the inhabitants of Constantinople on 18 June in the year 860. On this day a fleet of some two hundred ships cruised along the Asian shore, stopping occasionally to disgorge heavily armed men who waded ashore to attack the scattered and defenseless settlements. Constantinople itself was safe enough behind its fortifications but with no prior warning of what was going to happen, nothing could be done to prevent the marauders from plundering the suburbs at their leisure. Constantinople had been attacked by the Russians of Kiev, who had visited the capital in the past to take advantage of trade opportunities. Why they suddenly turned to aggression will never be known. But the attack meant that the Byzantines now had to reckon with a threat from the north along with those from the east and the west and to rethink their entire defensive strategy.

This chapter examines the role of the Russian Musical Society in fostering the expansion of musical institutions into the provinces. The expansion of musical life is tied to broader processes of ...
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This chapter examines the role of the Russian Musical Society in fostering the expansion of musical institutions into the provinces. The expansion of musical life is tied to broader processes of socioeconomic development and rapid urbanization in the Russian Empire after the Great Reforms. The enthusiasm for the piano and piano instruction was as strong in the provinces as it was in the capitals, a fact that was both resented and exploited by the Russian Musical Society's provincial leadership. The chapter also examines the importance attached to the symphony orchestra, the perception of a shortage of orchestral musicians, and consequent efforts by provincial branches to develop strong orchestral training programs. A wise variety of archival sources are used to outline the educational and concert activities of a significant number of the Society's provincial branches, including those in Kiev, Odessa, Kharkov, Saratov, Poltava, Tiflis, Kazan, Tomsk, and Ivanovo‐Vosnesensk.Less

The Geography of Culture : The Expansion of Musical Life in the Provinces

Lynn M. Sargeant

Published in print: 2011-12-29

This chapter examines the role of the Russian Musical Society in fostering the expansion of musical institutions into the provinces. The expansion of musical life is tied to broader processes of socioeconomic development and rapid urbanization in the Russian Empire after the Great Reforms. The enthusiasm for the piano and piano instruction was as strong in the provinces as it was in the capitals, a fact that was both resented and exploited by the Russian Musical Society's provincial leadership. The chapter also examines the importance attached to the symphony orchestra, the perception of a shortage of orchestral musicians, and consequent efforts by provincial branches to develop strong orchestral training programs. A wise variety of archival sources are used to outline the educational and concert activities of a significant number of the Society's provincial branches, including those in Kiev, Odessa, Kharkov, Saratov, Poltava, Tiflis, Kazan, Tomsk, and Ivanovo‐Vosnesensk.

This chapter examines the internal political ecology of Kiev between the 1860s and early 1900s, in the process unearthing rather different patterns of political mobilization indicated in previous ...
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This chapter examines the internal political ecology of Kiev between the 1860s and early 1900s, in the process unearthing rather different patterns of political mobilization indicated in previous literature on Russian urban politics. It focuses on the intense conflicts that emerged as Kiev residents debated how best to govern the city and struggled to define the proper place of the southwestern borderlands in the empire. In its political and associational activities, the city's new capitalist elite challenged the nationalizing vision associated with the Little Russian idea. Capitalist Kiev's beau monde prided itself on its cosmopolitanism, welcoming all men who had proven their business acumen; however, it showed limited interest in the welfare of the city's working classes. In response, an emergent class of populist politicians, some of whom can be traced directly to the Little Russian lobby, formulated a harsh critique of the capitalist city fathers' apparent self-interest.Less

Nationalizing Urban Politics

Faith Hillis

Published in print: 2013-11-07

This chapter examines the internal political ecology of Kiev between the 1860s and early 1900s, in the process unearthing rather different patterns of political mobilization indicated in previous literature on Russian urban politics. It focuses on the intense conflicts that emerged as Kiev residents debated how best to govern the city and struggled to define the proper place of the southwestern borderlands in the empire. In its political and associational activities, the city's new capitalist elite challenged the nationalizing vision associated with the Little Russian idea. Capitalist Kiev's beau monde prided itself on its cosmopolitanism, welcoming all men who had proven their business acumen; however, it showed limited interest in the welfare of the city's working classes. In response, an emergent class of populist politicians, some of whom can be traced directly to the Little Russian lobby, formulated a harsh critique of the capitalist city fathers' apparent self-interest.

This chapter tells of a railroad executive in Ukraine's capital city Kiev, who rose to prominence in the railroad business and dreamt of technology, geographical expanse, and imperial grandeur. ...
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This chapter tells of a railroad executive in Ukraine's capital city Kiev, who rose to prominence in the railroad business and dreamt of technology, geographical expanse, and imperial grandeur. Amidst a public life that mixed a potent brew of managerial expertise and proto-technocratic power, Witte experienced his career in a Victorian frame, a world where increasingly intellect, talent, business, and technology bred male professional expertise in the ever larger corporate and governmental organizations that marked the later half of the 19th century. Critical to his life's story was the railroad, that most revolutionary of 19th-century communications technologies that constricted space and abbreviated time. By the 1880s, as the chief operations officer of the Southwestern Railroad, a privately owned but government subsidized joint stock company, Witte oversaw a freight and passenger network that directed the agricultural, mineral, and human resources of New Russia and Ukraine southwards toward the Black Sea, westwards toward the east-central European Danube river valley, northwards toward east central Europe and Great Russia, and eastwards toward the Volga River valley, and the vast spaces of Central Asia and Siberia beyond. That expansive space provided him visions of empire.Less

3. Kiev: Dreaming in the Victorian 1880s

Francis Wcislo

Published in print: 2011-03-17

This chapter tells of a railroad executive in Ukraine's capital city Kiev, who rose to prominence in the railroad business and dreamt of technology, geographical expanse, and imperial grandeur. Amidst a public life that mixed a potent brew of managerial expertise and proto-technocratic power, Witte experienced his career in a Victorian frame, a world where increasingly intellect, talent, business, and technology bred male professional expertise in the ever larger corporate and governmental organizations that marked the later half of the 19th century. Critical to his life's story was the railroad, that most revolutionary of 19th-century communications technologies that constricted space and abbreviated time. By the 1880s, as the chief operations officer of the Southwestern Railroad, a privately owned but government subsidized joint stock company, Witte oversaw a freight and passenger network that directed the agricultural, mineral, and human resources of New Russia and Ukraine southwards toward the Black Sea, westwards toward the east-central European Danube river valley, northwards toward east central Europe and Great Russia, and eastwards toward the Volga River valley, and the vast spaces of Central Asia and Siberia beyond. That expansive space provided him visions of empire.

This chapter traces the genesis of the quotas and examines the way they fostered the emergence of separate Jewish student organizations as the “Jewish Question” insinuated itself into the academy. It ...
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This chapter traces the genesis of the quotas and examines the way they fostered the emergence of separate Jewish student organizations as the “Jewish Question” insinuated itself into the academy. It deals with a collective portrait of Russian-Jewish students in the aftermath of the failed 1905 revolution, based on a series of contemporary surveys conducted at institutions of higher education in Kiev, Odessa, and Moscow.Less

A Silent Pogrom

Benjamin Nathans

Published in print: 2002-08-29

This chapter traces the genesis of the quotas and examines the way they fostered the emergence of separate Jewish student organizations as the “Jewish Question” insinuated itself into the academy. It deals with a collective portrait of Russian-Jewish students in the aftermath of the failed 1905 revolution, based on a series of contemporary surveys conducted at institutions of higher education in Kiev, Odessa, and Moscow.

This chapter discusses the Christianization of Russia that took place in 988, and which was recently celebrated the world over. After considering and rejecting Judaism and Islam, the Great Prince ...
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This chapter discusses the Christianization of Russia that took place in 988, and which was recently celebrated the world over. After considering and rejecting Judaism and Islam, the Great Prince Vladimir of Kiev embraced the Christian faith and established it as a state religion, the statiest state religion that ever was. The distinction is necessary if the subject of these remarks is to have any meaning at all, and it will also help explain why “Christian Themes in Russian Opera” could well be the title of one of those proverbial “short books,” alongside, say, “Famous Organists of the Eastern Orthodox Church,” or “Ecclesiastical Music Patronage in the U.S.S.R.” The many operas, beginning with Tikhon Khrennikov's Into the Storm (1939), that encase the person of Lenin and promote the religious veneration of both the icon and the state for which he stands, have continued to embody an updated but essentially unaltered “Christian theme” such as had served previously to sanctify the Russia Lenin overthrew.Less

Christian Themes in Russian Opera : A Millennial Essay

Richard Taruskin

Published in print: 2008-12-02

This chapter discusses the Christianization of Russia that took place in 988, and which was recently celebrated the world over. After considering and rejecting Judaism and Islam, the Great Prince Vladimir of Kiev embraced the Christian faith and established it as a state religion, the statiest state religion that ever was. The distinction is necessary if the subject of these remarks is to have any meaning at all, and it will also help explain why “Christian Themes in Russian Opera” could well be the title of one of those proverbial “short books,” alongside, say, “Famous Organists of the Eastern Orthodox Church,” or “Ecclesiastical Music Patronage in the U.S.S.R.” The many operas, beginning with Tikhon Khrennikov's Into the Storm (1939), that encase the person of Lenin and promote the religious veneration of both the icon and the state for which he stands, have continued to embody an updated but essentially unaltered “Christian theme” such as had served previously to sanctify the Russia Lenin overthrew.

This chapter discusses the following events: the Polish–Latvian offensive in Latgalia; the first and second Soviet peace offers; Soviet preparations for a spring offensive; the Polish peace terms and ...
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This chapter discusses the following events: the Polish–Latvian offensive in Latgalia; the first and second Soviet peace offers; Soviet preparations for a spring offensive; the Polish peace terms and the Soviet reaction; Piłsudski's quest for Borderlands allies and Soviet countermoves; and the Polish spring offensive against Kiev.Less

Official Soviet Peace Offers

Jerzy Borzęcki

Published in print: 2008-04-01

This chapter discusses the following events: the Polish–Latvian offensive in Latgalia; the first and second Soviet peace offers; Soviet preparations for a spring offensive; the Polish peace terms and the Soviet reaction; Piłsudski's quest for Borderlands allies and Soviet countermoves; and the Polish spring offensive against Kiev.

The largest Orthodox church of the eleventh century, St. Sophia of Kiev, challenges the boundaries between the sacred and profane spheres. It unites under one roof carefully constructed ...
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The largest Orthodox church of the eleventh century, St. Sophia of Kiev, challenges the boundaries between the sacred and profane spheres. It unites under one roof carefully constructed representations of the sounds, movements, amusements and merriments of the Byzantine court and invocations of the stillness, silence and tears of Orthodox piety. These two irreconcilable realms were brought into dialogue for prince Jaroslav the ‘Wise’ (died 1054), a second-generation Christian who prevailed over his rivals after decades of fratricidal conflict. While in Byzantium these two spheres had long ago established a clear modus vivendi, in Iaroslav’s Rus’ their relationship was just being formulated. St. Sophia of Kiev had to adapt to its prince and Christian decorum had to accommodate to the princely patron.Less

The Power of Amusement and the Amusement of Power: The Princely Frescoes of St Sophia, Kiev, and their Connections to the Byzantine World

Elena Boeck

Published in print: 2017-07-01

The largest Orthodox church of the eleventh century, St. Sophia of Kiev, challenges the boundaries between the sacred and profane spheres. It unites under one roof carefully constructed representations of the sounds, movements, amusements and merriments of the Byzantine court and invocations of the stillness, silence and tears of Orthodox piety. These two irreconcilable realms were brought into dialogue for prince Jaroslav the ‘Wise’ (died 1054), a second-generation Christian who prevailed over his rivals after decades of fratricidal conflict. While in Byzantium these two spheres had long ago established a clear modus vivendi, in Iaroslav’s Rus’ their relationship was just being formulated. St. Sophia of Kiev had to adapt to its prince and Christian decorum had to accommodate to the princely patron.

This chapter introduces the most prominent of the Soviet network projects: the All-State Automated System of Management (OGAS) Project, its lead visionary Viktor Glushkov, his team, and the ...
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This chapter introduces the most prominent of the Soviet network projects: the All-State Automated System of Management (OGAS) Project, its lead visionary Viktor Glushkov, his team, and the surrounding institutional landscape in 1962-1969 are described. The full decentralized and interactive ambitions of the project are described as first formulated, including virtual finance and automated economic planning. A snapshot of the playful even work culture of cyberneticists in Cybertonia suggests a local culture of camaraderie, resistance, and cleverness, despite the visions of building a single nationwide decentralized command economy. Initial informal institutional obstacles, including a broken alliance between two prominent research institutes, Glushkov’s Institute of Cybernetics in Kiev and Fedorenko’s Central Economic Mathematical Institute in Moscow, are also described.Less

Staging the OGAS, 1962 to 1969

Benjamin Peters

Published in print: 2016-04-29

This chapter introduces the most prominent of the Soviet network projects: the All-State Automated System of Management (OGAS) Project, its lead visionary Viktor Glushkov, his team, and the surrounding institutional landscape in 1962-1969 are described. The full decentralized and interactive ambitions of the project are described as first formulated, including virtual finance and automated economic planning. A snapshot of the playful even work culture of cyberneticists in Cybertonia suggests a local culture of camaraderie, resistance, and cleverness, despite the visions of building a single nationwide decentralized command economy. Initial informal institutional obstacles, including a broken alliance between two prominent research institutes, Glushkov’s Institute of Cybernetics in Kiev and Fedorenko’s Central Economic Mathematical Institute in Moscow, are also described.

Jewish culture underwent radical changes in the aftermath of the wars, revolutions, and other upheavals in Eastern and Central Europe from 1914 to 1921. Multinational empires collapsed and Yiddish ...
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Jewish culture underwent radical changes in the aftermath of the wars, revolutions, and other upheavals in Eastern and Central Europe from 1914 to 1921. Multinational empires collapsed and Yiddish cultural space disintegrated, to be replaced by a new constellation of cultural centers outside the traditional area of Jewish settlement in Austria, Germany, and Russia as a result of the mass migration of Jews out of the regions affected by the wars. A small number of Yiddish intellectuals, poets, and writers tried to develop Yiddish cultural life in Vienna. In 1921–1925 Meir Wiener befriended young Yiddish poets and writers in Berlin who belonged to the so-called Kiev group, which included Leyb Kvitko, Pinkhas Kahanovitsh, and Perets Markish. In the chaotic years following the end of World War I, many intellectuals actively searched for a new expressive language in Yiddish literature, especially in poetry. This chapter explores Wiener's early Yiddish writing in the context of the Yiddish literary scene in Vienna, Berlin, and Kiev after World War I.Less

On the Way to Yiddish and Emigration

Published in print: 2010-11-09

Jewish culture underwent radical changes in the aftermath of the wars, revolutions, and other upheavals in Eastern and Central Europe from 1914 to 1921. Multinational empires collapsed and Yiddish cultural space disintegrated, to be replaced by a new constellation of cultural centers outside the traditional area of Jewish settlement in Austria, Germany, and Russia as a result of the mass migration of Jews out of the regions affected by the wars. A small number of Yiddish intellectuals, poets, and writers tried to develop Yiddish cultural life in Vienna. In 1921–1925 Meir Wiener befriended young Yiddish poets and writers in Berlin who belonged to the so-called Kiev group, which included Leyb Kvitko, Pinkhas Kahanovitsh, and Perets Markish. In the chaotic years following the end of World War I, many intellectuals actively searched for a new expressive language in Yiddish literature, especially in poetry. This chapter explores Wiener's early Yiddish writing in the context of the Yiddish literary scene in Vienna, Berlin, and Kiev after World War I.

In 1926, Meir Wiener immigrated to the Soviet Union for economic and ideological reasons. While in Kiev, he worked as a research fellow at the Department for Jewish Proletarian Culture of the ...
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In 1926, Meir Wiener immigrated to the Soviet Union for economic and ideological reasons. While in Kiev, he worked as a research fellow at the Department for Jewish Proletarian Culture of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in April 1927. Wiener then transferred to the Kiev Institute for Jewish Proletarian Culture, where he was appointed as the head of the Section of Ethnography and Folklore, and published in Di royte velt a long essay reviewing two collections of poetry by the American Yiddish author H. Leyvick (Leyvik Halpern, 1888–1962). In 1929 a series of high-profile ideological campaigns were waged, first against prominent Russian writers such as Evgenii Zamiatin and Boris Pilnyak, and subsequently against Yiddish literature. The Communist Party's efforts to consolidate control over Soviet literature from 1929 to 1934 did not spare Yiddish literature and scholarship. This chapter, which focuses on Wiener's time in the Soviet Union and his adjustment to Soviet conditions in Kiev, also examines the “Leninist Period” in Soviet literary criticism and Wiener's move from Kiev to Moscow.Less

Soviet Beginnings

Published in print: 2010-11-09

In 1926, Meir Wiener immigrated to the Soviet Union for economic and ideological reasons. While in Kiev, he worked as a research fellow at the Department for Jewish Proletarian Culture of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in April 1927. Wiener then transferred to the Kiev Institute for Jewish Proletarian Culture, where he was appointed as the head of the Section of Ethnography and Folklore, and published in Di royte velt a long essay reviewing two collections of poetry by the American Yiddish author H. Leyvick (Leyvik Halpern, 1888–1962). In 1929 a series of high-profile ideological campaigns were waged, first against prominent Russian writers such as Evgenii Zamiatin and Boris Pilnyak, and subsequently against Yiddish literature. The Communist Party's efforts to consolidate control over Soviet literature from 1929 to 1934 did not spare Yiddish literature and scholarship. This chapter, which focuses on Wiener's time in the Soviet Union and his adjustment to Soviet conditions in Kiev, also examines the “Leninist Period” in Soviet literary criticism and Wiener's move from Kiev to Moscow.

The present chapter discusses the cases of two protest camps at Maidan in Kiev in 2004 and 2013/2014. It aims to explain the resemblances and differences across the cases and focuses on such issues ...
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The present chapter discusses the cases of two protest camps at Maidan in Kiev in 2004 and 2013/2014. It aims to explain the resemblances and differences across the cases and focuses on such issues as resistance practices used by the protesters, resource mobilization strategies and emerging approaches to the camp’s governance and representation in decision making processes. The conceptual triad for space production and infrastructural approach is applied to examine protest camps as a unique organizational form of social movements. Linking together the (re)production of the space, newly adjusted spatial practices and space representation, this chapter argues that detected particular characteristics of Maidan-Sich 2014 can be interpreted as the marks of empowerment of the recently emerged civil society and make of it an important object of study for those who want to grasp the essence of the recent changes of political and social order in Ukraine.Less

Euromaidan and the echoes of the Orange Revolution: comparing social infrastructures and resistance practices of protest camps in Kiev (Ukraine)

Maryna Shevtsova

Published in print: 2017-03-29

The present chapter discusses the cases of two protest camps at Maidan in Kiev in 2004 and 2013/2014. It aims to explain the resemblances and differences across the cases and focuses on such issues as resistance practices used by the protesters, resource mobilization strategies and emerging approaches to the camp’s governance and representation in decision making processes. The conceptual triad for space production and infrastructural approach is applied to examine protest camps as a unique organizational form of social movements. Linking together the (re)production of the space, newly adjusted spatial practices and space representation, this chapter argues that detected particular characteristics of Maidan-Sich 2014 can be interpreted as the marks of empowerment of the recently emerged civil society and make of it an important object of study for those who want to grasp the essence of the recent changes of political and social order in Ukraine.

This chapter examines the influence of Russian historian Boris Alexandrovich Rybakov on Soviet archaeology. It first provides an overview of Rybakov's early life before turning to his career, ...
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This chapter examines the influence of Russian historian Boris Alexandrovich Rybakov on Soviet archaeology. It first provides an overview of Rybakov's early life before turning to his career, including his leadership at the Institute for the History of Material Culture and his tenure at the State Historical Museum. It then considers Rybakov's efforts to uphold the originality and high standard of early Russian culture and his rise as leader of Slavic-Russian archaeology in the mid-1950s, along with his foray into cognate disciplines such as epic and mythology. Finally, the chapter discusses Rybakov's major works, including his research on the origin of the Slavs, the Scythian tribes, and the beginning of urban life in Kiev.Less

Overlord of Soviet Archaeology: B. A. Rybakov

L. S. Klejn

Published in print: 2012-11-29

This chapter examines the influence of Russian historian Boris Alexandrovich Rybakov on Soviet archaeology. It first provides an overview of Rybakov's early life before turning to his career, including his leadership at the Institute for the History of Material Culture and his tenure at the State Historical Museum. It then considers Rybakov's efforts to uphold the originality and high standard of early Russian culture and his rise as leader of Slavic-Russian archaeology in the mid-1950s, along with his foray into cognate disciplines such as epic and mythology. Finally, the chapter discusses Rybakov's major works, including his research on the origin of the Slavs, the Scythian tribes, and the beginning of urban life in Kiev.

The chapter contextualizes the literary developments of the second half of the seventeenth century, including the changes in education and print culture. A new vision of court culture, expanding ...
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The chapter contextualizes the literary developments of the second half of the seventeenth century, including the changes in education and print culture. A new vision of court culture, expanding administration, and ecclesiastical reforms provided new contexts for writing, as well as innovations in the theater and in poetry. The spaces represented in Russian literature were, as previously, the monastery and the church. The court moved into the limelight as a center of cultural production. The social reality of the period did not entirely foster the creation of civic spaces or an autonomous literary field, and writing had to adapt to the control of the authorities. Opportunities for the ritual performance of the liturgy and at court expanded considerably during the last decades of the seventeenth under the aegis of Tsar Aleksei. Orthodox proponents of neo-humanist culture who worked in Moscow succeeded in transforming the uses of rhetoric during ceremonial occasions.Less

Cultural interface : Printing, Humanist learning, and Orthodox resistance in the second half of the seventeenth century

Andrew KahnMark LipovetskyIrina ReyfmanStephanie Sandler

Published in print: 2018-04-19

The chapter contextualizes the literary developments of the second half of the seventeenth century, including the changes in education and print culture. A new vision of court culture, expanding administration, and ecclesiastical reforms provided new contexts for writing, as well as innovations in the theater and in poetry. The spaces represented in Russian literature were, as previously, the monastery and the church. The court moved into the limelight as a center of cultural production. The social reality of the period did not entirely foster the creation of civic spaces or an autonomous literary field, and writing had to adapt to the control of the authorities. Opportunities for the ritual performance of the liturgy and at court expanded considerably during the last decades of the seventeenth under the aegis of Tsar Aleksei. Orthodox proponents of neo-humanist culture who worked in Moscow succeeded in transforming the uses of rhetoric during ceremonial occasions.

Chapter 5 widens the focus beyond the staging of the immediate scene of writing to develop a taxonomy of the ways that domestic objects and spaces have been made to bear witness to the writer’s life ...
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Chapter 5 widens the focus beyond the staging of the immediate scene of writing to develop a taxonomy of the ways that domestic objects and spaces have been made to bear witness to the writer’s life and work through inscription, caption, and representations of the author in life-size effigy or statue. It canvases objects that bear witness to authorial biography such as Johnson’s coffee-pot, explores how (and why) objects may choose instead to materialize the author’s writing, as in the Hans Christian Andersen museum in Odense, the James Joyce Museum in Sandycove, and the Mikhail Bulgakov museum in Kiev, and investigates how life-size representations of the adult author have been used in the Hannibal, Missouri Twain Boyhood Museum and in Lichfield to ‘remember’ childhood homes.Less

Household effects : Johnson’s coffee-pot and Twain’s effigy

Nicola J. Watson

Published in print: 2020-01-09

Chapter 5 widens the focus beyond the staging of the immediate scene of writing to develop a taxonomy of the ways that domestic objects and spaces have been made to bear witness to the writer’s life and work through inscription, caption, and representations of the author in life-size effigy or statue. It canvases objects that bear witness to authorial biography such as Johnson’s coffee-pot, explores how (and why) objects may choose instead to materialize the author’s writing, as in the Hans Christian Andersen museum in Odense, the James Joyce Museum in Sandycove, and the Mikhail Bulgakov museum in Kiev, and investigates how life-size representations of the adult author have been used in the Hannibal, Missouri Twain Boyhood Museum and in Lichfield to ‘remember’ childhood homes.

Chapter 5 maps out the social life of the myth (and reality) centered on the absence of pogroms. It captures the use of the term in calls to reject Jewish political agency and resist Stalin’s ...
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Chapter 5 maps out the social life of the myth (and reality) centered on the absence of pogroms. It captures the use of the term in calls to reject Jewish political agency and resist Stalin’s policies. While the state stigmatized this form of violence, pogroms did occur on rare occasions. They were an exception to the rule until World War II, which drastically changed the habits and discourses of violence: pogroms reappeared in the context of collaboration with German forces. The return of the unthinkable was triggered by the idiosyncratic contingencies of war: in 1945 a pogrom broke out in Kiev. The myth of Soviet Jewry was temporarily shattered. During the postwar years the state reasserted its monopoly over violence. And while it promoted antisemitism and ignored the complaints of Jews bewildered by the change, it never crossed the line of tolerating eruptions of spontaneous violence against them.Less

Myth and Reality : The “Absence” of the Pogrom in the Lands of the Soviets

Elissa Bemporad

Published in print: 2020-01-16

Chapter 5 maps out the social life of the myth (and reality) centered on the absence of pogroms. It captures the use of the term in calls to reject Jewish political agency and resist Stalin’s policies. While the state stigmatized this form of violence, pogroms did occur on rare occasions. They were an exception to the rule until World War II, which drastically changed the habits and discourses of violence: pogroms reappeared in the context of collaboration with German forces. The return of the unthinkable was triggered by the idiosyncratic contingencies of war: in 1945 a pogrom broke out in Kiev. The myth of Soviet Jewry was temporarily shattered. During the postwar years the state reasserted its monopoly over violence. And while it promoted antisemitism and ignored the complaints of Jews bewildered by the change, it never crossed the line of tolerating eruptions of spontaneous violence against them.