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1.
Battle of Vimy Ridge
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The Battle of Vimy Ridge was a military engagement fought primarily as part of the Battle of Arras, in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France, during the First World War. The main combatants were the Canadian Corps, of four divisions, the battle, which took place from 9 to 12 April 1917, was part of the opening phase of the British-led Battle of Arras, a diversionary attack for the French Nivelle Offensive. The objective of the Canadian Corps was to control of the German-held high ground along an escarpment at the northernmost end of the Arras Offensive. This would ensure that the southern flank could advance without suffering German enfilade fire, supported by a creeping barrage, the Canadian Corps captured most of the ridge during the first day of the attack. The town of Thélus fell during the day of the attack. The final objective, a fortified knoll located outside the village of Givenchy-en-Gohelle, the German forces then retreated to the Oppy–Méricourt line. Recent historical research has called this patriotic narrative into question, showing that it developed in the part of the twentieth century. The nation-building story only emerged fully formed after most of those who experienced the Great War directly or indirectly had passed from the scene, a 100-hectare portion of the former battleground serves as a memorial park and site of the Canadian National Vimy Memorial. Vimy Ridge is an escarpment 8 km northeast of Arras on the edge of the Douai Plain. The ridge rises gradually on its side, and drops more quickly on the eastern side. At approximately 7 km in length, and culminating at an elevation of 145 m or 60 m above the Douai Plains, the ridge provides a natural unobstructed view for tens of kilometres in all directions. The ridge fell under German control in October 1914 during the Race to the Sea as the Franco-British and German forces continually attempted to outflank each other through northeastern France. The French Tenth Army attempted to dislodge the Germans from the region during the Second Battle of Artois in May 1915 by attacking their positions at Vimy Ridge and Notre Dame de Lorette. The French 1st Moroccan Division managed to capture the height of the ridge but was unable to hold it owing to a lack of reinforcements. The French made another attempt during the Third Battle of Artois in September 1915, the Vimy sector calmed following the offensive with both sides taking a largely live and let live approach. In all, the French suffered approximately 150,000 casualties in their attempts to control of Vimy Ridge. The British XVII Corps, commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Julian Byng, relieved the French Tenth Army in the sector in February 1916, the Royal Engineers immediately deployed specialist tunnelling companies along the front to combat the German mining operations. In response to increased British mining aggression, German artillery and trench mortar fire intensified in early May 1916, the Germans captured several British-controlled tunnels and mine craters before halting their advance and entrenching their positions

2.
Infiltration tactics
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These were partially adopted on 9 May 1915, the opening day of the Second Battle of Artois, by the French XXXIII Corps which advanced 4.5 kilometres in the first hour and a half of the attack. The problem was reinforcing and holding the gains against German counterattack, a young French infantry officer, Captain André Laffargue, put forward similar ideas in a pamphlet written in August 1915 Étude sur l’attaque dans la période actuelle de la guerre. Laffargue based his proposals in particular on his experiences attacking immediately south of Neuville-Saint-Vaast on 9 May 1915 when commanding a company of 153rd Infantry Regiment. Laffargue was left wounded on the German front line but his regiment advanced another 1.5 kilometres and they would then be encircled and dealt with by successive waves. Had these methods been followed Laffargue suggests that the attack could have resulted in a breakthrough of the German defences. Laffargue put forward the view that the support of the attack in line was necessary to enable men to advance against heavy fire. The French Army published Laffargues pamphlet in 1915 and the year a commercial edition found wide circulation. The British, like all combatants during 1914–1918, made frequent use of wave attacks, the US Infantry Journal published a translation as The Attack in Trench Warfare in 1916. The claim that the Germans translated and used Laffargues pamphlet as a training manual has been refuted by Gudmundsson, the bombardment also targeted enemy rear areas to destroy or disrupt roads, artillery, and command units. This was done to confuse the enemy, and reduce their capability to launch effective counterattacks from secondary defense lines, for maximum effect, the exact points of attack remained concealed until the last possible moment. They would attempt to penetrate weak points to bypass and isolate heavily defended positions in the front line. Infantrymen with heavier weapons would then follow-up and have an advantage when attacking the isolated enemy strong points. Other reinforcements would then enter these breaches, and the enemy line would shortly collapse. The attacks relied heavily on speed and surprise and this tactic initially worked well and saw heavy use. However, because of this implementation, the enemy quickly developed effective defenses. Also, as in the case of the traditional mass attack. One of the problems of World War I was that even when a breakthrough was made, thus, even with the new tactics and their relatively light use of artillery, attacks would tend to bog down sooner or later, and no massive breakthrough was possible. Other parachute battalion and company also used similar tactics during the battle