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Key featuresThe model shows 3 different types of memory:- Sensory memory (SM) Capacity ­ how- Short term memory (STM) much information can be held.- Long term memory (LTM) Measured in bits- Each store retains a different amount of info, in a different way, and for a different length of time Encoding ­ the way information Duration ­ how is changed so it long information can be stored. can be held for.…read more

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Sensory memoryThe sensory memory takes information from one of the sense's: - Touch (haptic memory) -Smell - Sight (iconic memory) - Sound (echoic memory) -TasteIt has a tiny duration, roughly 2 seconds, and if attention is paid toinformation, it's passed onto STM.Sperling (1960) showed participants a grid of digits and letters for 50milliseconds. They were then asked to recall whole grid, or one rowdetermined by a high medium or low toned beep played. Peoplerecall was poorer when asked to recall whole grid (42%) then whenthey were asked to recall a row (75%). This shows informationdecays rapidly in the SM store.…read more

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Short Term Memory· Information is in a `fragile' state here, and will decay if not rehearsed (maintenance rehearsal), because STM has a limited capacity and a short duration.· It holds 7 +- 2 chunks of information. This was investigated by Miller (1956) who found that on average we can recall 5 words/letters by chunking (grouping digits or letters). However Simon (1974) found that shorter words needed less memory so the size of the chunk matters. New research conducted by Cowan (2001) has shown the digit span to be 4.· The duration of STM is measured in seconds and minutes. Peterson & Peterson (1959) asked students to recall a nonsense trigram after counting back in 3's for longer and longer intervals (known as the brown-peterson technique). There was a 90% accurate recall with the 3-second interval, but 2% accurate recall by the 18-second interval. This suggests when rehearsal is prevented STM last 20 seconds maximum.· Information is moved from STM to LTM through elaborative rehearsal meaning the more it's rehearsed the better it's remembered.…read more

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Long Term Memory· It's difficult to test the and capacity as its potentially unlimited· The duration of LTM is anything from 2 hours too 100 + years. Bahrick et al (1975) who asked people to put names to faces in a school year book found that 48 years on people were 70% accurate in putting the correct name to the correct photo.· Baddeley (1966) conducted a study to work out how info is encoded in LTM. He gave participants lists of words which were acoustically or semantically similar or dissimilar. He found participants struggled with acoustically similar words in STM and struggled with semantically similar words in LTM, showing this is how they're processed.…read more