Kunsthalle

A Kunsthalle or Kunsthaus is a term in German-speaking regions for a facility that mounts art exhibitions. The term roughly means "Art Gallery" in English but with a somewhat more specific meaning. A Kunsthalle is often operated by a non-profit Kunstverein ("Art Association") and a Kunsthaus ("Art House") refers more to a gallery or museum with associated artists, symposia, studios and workshops. A Kunsthalle is also similar to a Kunstmuseum ("Art Museum"), but the terms mean different things historically. In the strictest sense a Kunstmuseum has its own permanent collection and a Kunsthalle does not.

Today the boundaries between these terms are free flowing. In German-speaking countries there are many Kunstmuseum which are named Kunsthalle and vice versa. In addition, the activities of a traditional Kunsthaus are found in all forms of these art institutions.

The purpose of this list is to specifically list those exhibition venues, museums, and art societies which are officially named "Kunsthalle".

1.
German language
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German is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol, the German-speaking Community of Belgium and it is also one of the three official languages of Luxembourg. Major languages which are most similar to German include other members of the West Germanic language branch, such as Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Luxembourgish and it is the second most widely spoken Germanic language, after English. One of the languages of the world, German is the first language of about 95 million people worldwide. The German speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms of publication of new books. German derives most of its vocabulary from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, a portion of German words are derived from Latin and Greek, and fewer are borrowed from French and English. With slightly different standardized variants, German is a pluricentric language, like English, German is also notable for its broad spectrum of dialects, with many unique varieties existing in Europe and also other parts of the world. The history of the German language begins with the High German consonant shift during the migration period, when Martin Luther translated the Bible, he based his translation primarily on the standard bureaucratic language used in Saxony, also known as Meißner Deutsch. Copies of Luthers Bible featured a long list of glosses for each region that translated words which were unknown in the region into the regional dialect. Roman Catholics initially rejected Luthers translation, and tried to create their own Catholic standard of the German language – the difference in relation to Protestant German was minimal. It was not until the middle of the 18th century that a widely accepted standard was created, until about 1800, standard German was mainly a written language, in urban northern Germany, the local Low German dialects were spoken. Standard German, which was different, was often learned as a foreign language with uncertain pronunciation. Northern German pronunciation was considered the standard in prescriptive pronunciation guides though, however, German was the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire, which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe. Until the mid-19th century, it was essentially the language of townspeople throughout most of the Empire and its use indicated that the speaker was a merchant or someone from an urban area, regardless of nationality. Some cities, such as Prague and Budapest, were gradually Germanized in the years after their incorporation into the Habsburg domain, others, such as Pozsony, were originally settled during the Habsburg period, and were primarily German at that time. Prague, Budapest and Bratislava as well as cities like Zagreb, the most comprehensive guide to the vocabulary of the German language is found within the Deutsches Wörterbuch. This dictionary was created by the Brothers Grimm and is composed of 16 parts which were issued between 1852 and 1860, in 1872, grammatical and orthographic rules first appeared in the Duden Handbook. In 1901, the 2nd Orthographical Conference ended with a standardization of the German language in its written form

2.
Art exhibition
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An art exhibition is traditionally the space in which art objects meet an audience. The exhibit is universally understood to be for some temporary period unless, as is rarely true, in American English, they may be called exhibit, exposition or show. In UK English, they are always called exhibitions or shows, and an individual item in the show is an exhibit. The art works may be presented in museums, art halls, art clubs or private art galleries, or at some place the business of which is not the display or sale of art. An important distinction is noted between those exhibits where some or all of the works are for sale, normally in private art galleries, sometimes the event is organized on a specific occasion, like a birthday, anniversary or commemoration. There are different kinds of art exhibitions, in there is a distinction between commercial and non-commercial exhibitions. A commercial exhibition or trade fair is often referred to as an art fair that shows the work of artists or art dealers where participants generally have to pay a fee. A vanity gallery is a space of works in a gallery that charges the artist for use of the space. They normally include no items for sale, they are distinguished from the permanent displays. Exhibitions in commercial galleries are often made up of items that are for sale. Typically, the visitor has to pay to enter a museum exhibition, retrospectives look back over the work of a single artist, other common types are individual expositions or solo shows, group expositions, or expositions on a specific theme or topic. The Biennale is an exhibition held every two years, often intending to gather together the best of international art, there are now many of these. A travelling exhibition is another category of art exhibition, Exhibitions of new or recent art can be juried, invitational, or open. If prizes are to be awarded, the judge or panel of judges will select the prizewinners as well. In an invitational exhibition, such as the Whitney Biennial, the organizer of the show asks certain artists to supply artworks, an open or non-juried exhibition, such as the Kyoto Triennial, allows anybody to enter artworks and shows them all. A type of exhibition that is usually non-juried is an art exhibition. The art exhibition has played a part in the market for new art since the 18th and 19th centuries. The Paris Salon, open to the public from 1737, rapidly became the key factor in determining the reputation, and so the price, of the French artists of the day

3.
Kunsthaus Graz
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The Kunsthaus Graz, Grazer Kunsthaus, or Graz Art Museum was built as part of the European Capital of Culture celebrations in 2003 and has since become an architectural landmark in Graz, Austria. Its exhibition program specializes in art of the last four decades. Its unusual form differs radically from conventional exhibition contexts, many of which maintain the traditions of the modernist White Cube, the team of architects used an innovative stylistic idiom, known as blob architecture within the historical ambiance of the Murvorstadt. It has a shape with a skin made of iridescent blue acrylic panels. Architecture, design, new media, internet art, film, Kunsthaus Graz was developed as an institution to stage international exhibitions of multidisciplinary, modern and contemporary art from the 1960s to the present day. It doesnt collect, maintains no permanent exhibitions, has no permanent depot at its disposal and its exclusive purpose is to present and procure contemporary art productions. Kunsthaus Graz implements a concept, which offers various possibilities in its galleries to fulfill the high curatorial requirements of contemporary exhibitions. The BIX Façade of the museum represents a fusion from architecture and New Media and is based on a concept of the Berliner architects realities. BIX projects accompany different exhibitions and are not transported into the public area, beyond that the communicating outer skin offers also a possible drilling platform for art projects, which bring up for discussion the dialogue between media and area. 93040 Watt fluorescent rings are embedded in the 900 m² outer skin, each light ring functions as a pixel, which can be served by a central computer. A Friendly Alien, Ein Kunsthaus fur Graz, ISBN 3-7757-1350-6 Kunsthaus Graz BIX Medienfassade

4.
Kunsthalle Wien
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Kunsthalle Wien is the exhibition hall for contemporary art in Vienna. Since it opened in 1992 – originally shaped like a container – Kunsthalle Wien, as an urban institution, in this respect, it is both a location for established art and negotiation site for current societal issues as well as future developments. In the beginning, Kunsthalle Wien was a makeshift structure, conceptualized as a temporary edifice in the shape of a container by Adolf Krischanitz. The initially rather controversial yellow container structure eventually changed the local art, in May 2001, Kunsthalle Wien moved into its new headquarters, designed by the architect duo Ortner & Ortner, at the Museumsquartier. For this headquarters the Winterreithalle of the Hofstallungen was extended by an annex which combines the historic building with contemporary architecture. Two halls with different interior profiles provide space for exhibitions of contemporary art, the entrance area was remodeled and the building extensively renovated in 2013, rendering the original spatial concept visible again. In 2001, the container at Karlsplatz was replaced by a glass pavilion. The Kunsthalle Wien dramaturgy department is a novelty in an art institution. The corporate design of Kunsthalle Wien has been developed by the Belgian graphic designer, vereeckens approach links two different design elements associated with the city, the grid of the Wiener Werkstätte and the eagle from the federal capitals coat of arms. The logo of Kunsthalle Wien combines a graphically contentual derivation with an ironically playful execution to take account of an institution that always questions itself, experiments, and changes. 2014 Kunsthalle Wien won the German Design Award in the category Communication Tool with its new visual appearance, Kunsthalle Wien organizes several thematic group exhibitions, solo shows, festivals, conferences, and displays art in the public space each year at both venues. Among them, Function Follows Vision, Vision Follows Reality Individual Stories, collecting as Portrait and Methodology Ken Lum. Coming Soon Destination Vienna Curatorial Ethics Pierre Bismuth, the Curator, the Lawyer and the Psychoanalyst The Future of Memory. An Exhibition on the Infinity of the Present Time Tony Conrad, two Degrees of Separation Kidnappers Foil Leander Schönweger. Kunsthalle Wien Prize 2014 Blue Times New Ways of Doing Nothing Pierre Bismuth, the Grass is Always Greener on the Other Side – New Vindobona The Brancusi Effect Im Isa Genzken, The Only Female Fool Attention Economy Silke Otto-Knapp/Carl Fredrik Hill. Questions of Travel Das Wunder des Lebens, jos de Gruyter & Harald Thys Salon der Angst WWTBD - What Would Thomas Bernhard Do Daniel Knorr. Explosion The Art of William S. Burroughs, Cut-ups, Cut-ins, Female Pop Art Street and Studio Keith Haring 1978 –19821989. End of History or Beginning of the Future, Thomas Ruff The Porn Identity Western Motel

5.
Museumsquartier
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The renovation of the former court stables began in April 1998. Three years later, the Museumsquartier opened in two stages, the total cost of the construction was 150 Million Euro. The Museumsquartier also hosts quartier21, which features around sixty alternative art groups, the Museumsquartier station of line U2 of the Vienna U-Bahn is located here. There was negative media reaction after it became known that the public buildings had serious shortcomings regarding barrier-free wheelchair accessibility. Not even the recently constructed buildings were able to fulfill the most basic requirements, after many negative reports across the media, and the commitment of handicapped interest groups, the majority of the problems were repaired in the following years. Public Netbase, a provider and sponsor of electronic art. Originally located in a part of the MQ, it had to leave during the renovations, MUMOK Leopold Museum Kunsthalle Wien ZOOM Kindermuseum Tanzquartier Architekturzentrum Wien Q21 monochrom Van Uffelen, Chris. Contemporary Museums - Architecture, History, Collections, Braun Publishing,2010, ISBN 978-3-03768-067-4, Museumsquartier website math. space Museumsquartier on Ortner & Ortner Baukunst

6.
Vienna
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Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austrias primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million, and its cultural, economic and it is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin, Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region, along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, apart from being regarded as the City of Music because of its musical legacy, Vienna is also said to be The City of Dreams because it was home to the worlds first psycho-analyst – Sigmund Freud. The citys roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city and it is well known for having played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, Vienna is known for its high quality of life. In a 2005 study of 127 world cities, the Economist Intelligence Unit ranked the city first for the worlds most liveable cities, between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne, Australia. Monocles 2015 Quality of Life Survey ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world to make a base within, the UN-Habitat has classified Vienna as being the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013. Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is used as a case study by urban planners. Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the worlds number-one destination for international congresses and it attracts over 3.7 million tourists a year. The English name Vienna is borrowed from the homonymous Italian version of the name or the French Vienne. The etymology of the name is still subject to scholarly dispute. Some claim that the name comes from Vedunia, meaning forest stream, which produced the Old High German Uuenia. A variant of this Celtic name could be preserved in the Czech and Slovak names of the city, the name of the city in Hungarian, Serbo-Croatian and Ottoman Turkish has a different, probably Slavonic origin, and originally referred to an Avar fort in the area. Slovene-speakers call the city Dunaj, which in other Central European Slavic languages means the Danube River, evidence has been found of continuous habitation since 500 BC, when the site of Vienna on the Danube River was settled by the Celts. In 15 BC, the Romans fortified the city they called Vindobona to guard the empire against Germanic tribes to the north

7.
KunstHausWien
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The KunstHausWien is a museum in Vienna, designed by the artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser. This museum in the Landstraße district houses the only permanent exhibition of Hundertwassers works. The KunstHausWien operates as a business and does not receive any government aid. In 2009 the KunstHausWien received 174,000 visitors, the museum was created through the renovation of the 1892 building which housed the Thonet furniture factory, in a style commensurate with Hundertwassers art. It stands less than half a mile from the Hundertwasserhaus, a municipally owned apartment block also designed by Hundertwasser, the renovation was planned by Hundertwasser himself and carried out from 1989-91 with sponsorship from BAWAG P. S. K. The museum was opened in April 1991, the KunstHausWien has a total exhibition area of 4,000 square meters. The two lower house the permanent exhibits. Temporary international exhibitions are held on the third and fourth floors, the entire building is designed in typical Hundertwasser style, with wavy, undulating floors and a notable lack of straight lines. Bright, glaring colours are used throughout, and foliage abounds, there is a fountain in the foyer, and a restaurant with abundant plant life reminiscent of a winter garden. An unevenly winding staircase leads to the part of the exhibition on the upper floors. To keep the rooms flooded with daylight, Hundertwasser, who was said to be fond of sunlight, the museum was built in a traditional manner, but decorated with enamelled, checkerboard mosaics on the facade and adjacent sections. In contrast to Antonio Gaudí, Hundertwasser used symmetrical mosaic stones, the size of each stone is likewise not accidental, which is rare for building-mounted mosaics that are not industrially manufactured. In 2003 Hunderwassers colleague and co-author professor Joseph Krawina initiated a lawsuit against the museum board, the national Supreme Civil Court issued an injunction in favor of Krawina and, according to 2003 publications, both parties were advised to resolve the dispute out of court. Hundertwasser, The Painter-King with the Five Skins, Friedensreich Hundertwasser, KunstHaus Wien / Hundertwasser

8.
Kunsthalle Helsinki
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Kunsthalle Helsinki is an art exhibition venue in the Etu-Töölö district of Helsinki, Finland. The Kunsthalle doesnt have own collections but hosts 7–8 major exhibitions a year from outside collections, focusing mainly on art but also featuring design. It is owned by a foundation and supported by the City of Helsinki. The Kunsthalle building was designed by Hilding Ekelund and Jarl Eklund, completed in 1928, the building is a prime example of Nordic Classicism in Finland. The building has been renovated several times and the latest major refurbishment was completed in 2009

9.
Alsace
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Alsace is a cultural and historical region in eastern France now located in the administrative region of Grand Est. Alsace is located on Frances eastern border and on the west bank of the upper Rhine adjacent to Germany, from 1982 until January 2016, Alsace was the smallest of 22 administrative regions in metropolitan France, consisting of the Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin departments. Territorial reform passed by the French legislature in 2014 resulted in the merger of the Alsace administrative region with Champagne-Ardenne and Lorraine to form Grand Est. The predominant historical language of Alsace is Alsatian, a Germanic dialect also spoken across the Rhine, but today most Alsatians primarily speak French, the political status of Alsace has been heavily influenced by historical decisions, wars, and strategic politics. The economic and cultural capital as well as largest city of Alsace is Strasbourg, the city is the seat of several international organizations and bodies. The name Alsace can be traced to the Old High German Ali-saz or Elisaz, an alternative explanation is from a Germanic Ell-sass, meaning seated on the Ill, a river in Alsace. In prehistoric times, Alsace was inhabited by nomadic hunters, by 1500 BC, Celts began to settle in Alsace, clearing and cultivating the land. It should be noted that Alsace is a surrounded by the Vosges mountains. It creates Foehn winds which, along with irrigation, contributes to the fertility of the soil. In a world of agriculture, Alsace has always been a region which explains why it suffered so many invasions and annexations in its history. By 58 BC, the Romans had invaded and established Alsace as a center of viticulture, to protect this highly valued industry, the Romans built fortifications and military camps that evolved into various communities which have been inhabited continuously to the present day. While part of the Roman Empire, Alsace was part of Germania Superior, with the decline of the Roman Empire, Alsace became the territory of the Germanic Alemanni. The Alemanni were agricultural people, and their Germanic language formed the basis of modern-day dialects spoken along the Upper Rhine, Clovis and the Franks defeated the Alemanni during the 5th century AD, culminating with the Battle of Tolbiac, and Alsace became part of the Kingdom of Austrasia. Under Clovis Merovingian successors the inhabitants were Christianized, Alsace formed part of the Middle Francia, which was ruled by the eldest grandson Lothar I. Lothar died early in 855 and his realm was divided into three parts, the part known as Lotharingia, or Lorraine, was given to Lothars son. The rest was shared between Lothars brothers Charles the Bald and Louis the German, the Kingdom of Lotharingia was short-lived, however, becoming the stem duchy of Lorraine in Eastern Francia after the Treaty of Ribemont in 880. Alsace was united with the other Alemanni east of the Rhine into the duchy of Swabia. Alsace experienced great prosperity during the 12th and 13th centuries under Hohenstaufen emperors, Frederick I set up Alsace as a province to be ruled by ministeriales, a non-noble class of civil servants

10.
Kunsthalle Bielefeld
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The Kunsthalle Bielefeld is a modern and contemporary art museum in Bielefeld, Germany. It was designed by Philip Johnson in 1968, and paid for by the businessman, initiated in 1950 with a donation by Oetker and gradually expanded from 1954 with municipal acquisitions, the collection focuses on Expressionism, international sculpture, and contemporary art. The museum stands in a garden featuring works by Auguste Rodin, Henry Moore, Richard Serra, Ólafur Elíasson. At the 50th Venice Biennale in 2003, the Kunsthalle presented the documentary Ilya und Emila Kabakov, 1997-2003, which was on permanent display in the Utopia Station Now. As part of its series of exhibitions of important museum collections of twentieth- and twenty-first-century art, the Kunsthalle also hosts temporary exhibitions to complement the permanent collection. Recent examples have been devoted to Emil Nolde, Rirkrit Tiravanija, the museum also offers guided tours, teaching activities for children, and a library. The museum is located on the south-west edge of Bielefelds old town and it was built in 1968 by the American architect Philip Johnson in the International Style that he had founded, and is his only museum building in Europe. Johnson had been invited by the museums director Joachim Wolfgang von Moltke, in 1994, Frank O. Gehry proposed an extension to the existing building, it was never realized. The museum was refurbished in 2002, cubic in shape and with a square ground level, it has three storeys above ground, two below, and a total exhibition space of 1,200 square metres. The facade is of red sandstone, when he endowed the building, Rudolf Oetker expressed a desire for it be called the Richard-Kaselowsky-Haus, after his stepfather. Kaselowsky was a figure in Bielefeld due to his Nazi past, including membership in not only the NSDAP. This led to a debate in Bielefeld, coinciding with the social unrest of 1968. This led to the event, with 1,200 invitees, being completely cancelled –, the silent opening on 27 September 1968 was accompanied by protests. A memorial to Kaselowsky, commemorating him as a victim of the aerial bombing of September 1944. In the following years, the Kunsthalle ceased using the part of its name in public. The discussion was revived in 1998 when the then-director, Thomas Kellein, sought to strengthen ties with the Oetkers, the Kunsthalles current director is Friedrich Meschede. Former directors include Thomas Kellein, Ulrich Weisner, Joachim Wolfgang von Moltke, List of art museums List of museums in Germany Home page in English Hans-Jörg Kühne, Bielefeld ’66 bis ’77, wildes Leben, Musik, Demos und Reformen. Bielefelder Beiträge zur Stadt- und Regionalgeschichte, vol

11.
Kunsthalle Bremen
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The Kunsthalle Bremen is an art museum in Bremen, Germany. It is located close to the Bremen Old Town on the Culture Mile, the Kunsthalle was built in 1849, enlarged in 1902 by architect Eduard Gildemeister, and expanded several more times, most notably in 2011. Since 1977, the building has been designated a Kulturdenkmal on Germanys buildings heritage list, the museum houses a collection of European paintings from the 14th century to the present day, sculptures from the 16th to 21st centuries and a New Media collection. The New Media section features works by John Cage, Otto Piene, Peter Campus, Olafur Eliasson, the Department of Prints and Drawings has 220,000 sheets from the 15th to 20th centuries, one of largest collections of its kind in Europe. In 1823, a group of 34 businessmen interested in art founded an Art Society in Bremen with the aim of spreading a sense of beauty and it is one of the oldest such societies in Germany. The first years of the activities were focused on private art exhibitions, with the acquisition of works backed financially from ticket proceeds. Ten years after its founding, the Society owned 13 paintings,585 drawings and 3917 leaf prints. The majority of the paintings were Old Masters, including the famous Madonna of Masolino, after 1843, large public exhibitions were organized in association with similar associations in Hannover, Lübeck, Greifswald, Rostock and Stuttgart. By 1846 the society had grown to 575 members, the Kunstverein Bremen is still the exclusive owner of the Kunsthalle Bremen and today has over 8000 members. The society is funded from foundations, private donations, bequests, supported by numerous foundations and patrons, the Art Society put out a competitive bid for a new museum building. A then very young Lueder Rutenberg - himself a member of the Art Association - won against prominent competitors, the Society broke ground on the Kunsthalle on 1 July 1847, becoming the first Society in Germany with its own building. The construction project was located on a rubbish dump in the vicinity of the old city ramparts. Rutenbergs design was of a dignified but understated two-story building with a central projection of round arches. While the collections were largely owned by the Kunstverein, the property itself was owned by the city, four stone figures over the entrance are of Raphael, Michelangelo, Dürer, and Rubens, created by the sculptor Adolph Steinhäuser. After another competition among Bremen architects, an enlargement was commissioned in 1898. Albert Dunkel was selected to design the interiors, Eduard Gildemeister for the sandstone facade. The foundation work was begun in 1899 and on 15 February 1902 the opening took place. The facade was under construction until 1904, the expansion was funded by foundations and businessmen in Bremen

12.
Kunsthalle Frankfurt
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The Schirn Kunsthalle is an exhibition hall in Frankfurt, Germany, located in the old city between the Römer and the Frankfurt Cathedral. The Schirn exhibits both modern and contemporary art and it is the main venue for temporary art exhibitions in Frankfurt. Exhibitions in recent years included retrospectives of Wassily Kandinsky, Marc Chagall, Frida Kahlo, Alberto Giacometti, Bill Viola, the Kunsthalle opened in 1986 and is financially supported by the city and the state. Historically, the German term Schirn denotes an open-air stall for the sale of goods, the area was destroyed in 1944 during the Second World War and was not redeveloped until the building of the Kunsthalle. Guggenheim Museum, the Hermitage Museum, or the Museum of Modern Art, the Kunsthalle Schirn was designed and built beginning in 1983 by the Architekturbüro BJSS. The opening took place on February 28,1986, the Kunsthalle has an overall exhibition space of more than 1,400 square meters. The Schirn is located in Frankfurt’s historic city center, faced with light sandstone, it consists of several interlocking structures, each of which features a geometric floor plan. The most prominent structural element is an approximately 140-meter-long and 10-meter-wide 6-story hall, the exhibition building. Bangert designed the longhouse to resemble the Uffizi building in Florence and it is the Schirn’s highest structure and consists of a single open space, through which one enters the Schirn. After passing through the rotunda, a cut into the building runs along the old Bendergasse. A further semicircular structural element follows to the north, beyond Bendergasse and this structure, separated from the main exhibition building by Bendergasse, houses the Schirn Café. The Schirn has had a new interior since 2012 that was designed by the Kuehn Malvezzi architectural office and it bathes the foyer in alternating colors of light with the aid of modern RGB lighting technology. The name “Schirn” derives from the history of its location, the word originally denoted an “open sales booth. ”The site on which the Schirn Kunsthalle is currently situated was Frankfurt’s densely populated historic city center until it was destroyed on March 22,1944. The sales booths of the city’s butchers’ guild stood in the alleys between today’s Schirn and the Main River until the mid-19th century. Christoph Vitali was the director of the Schirn from 1985 to 1993 and he established the Schirn as an exhibition venue. The Austrian Max Hollein has been directing the Schirn since October 2001, in 2006 he also took over the directorship of the Städel Museum and the Liebieghaus. With exceptional exhibitions, provocative titles, and improved financial resources he has increased the number of visitors to the Schirn threefold, to date, more than five million people have visited the Schirn. Some of the exhibitions with the most visitors in the history of the Schirn include Edvard Munch, the Modern Eye, Wassily Kandinsky—The First Soviet Retrospective, Esprit Montmartre

13.
Kunsthalle Hamburg
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The Hamburg Kunsthalle is the art museum of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany. It is one of the largest museums in the country, the name Kunsthalle indicates the museums history as an art hall when founded in 1850. Today, the Kunsthalle houses one of the few art collections in Germany that covers seven centuries of European art, the Kunsthalle consists of three connected buildings, dating from 1869,1921 and 1997, located in the Altstadt district, between the Hauptbahnhof and the two Alster lakes. The Kunsthalle has its origins in 1849, when established and opened a year later as Städtische Gallerie by the Hamburg Kunstverein, the collection grew quickly, and it soon became necessary to provide a building. The original red brick Kunsthalle was built from 1863 to 1869, designed by architects Georg Theodor Schirrmacher and Hermann von der Hude, the first director became the art historian and educator Alfred Lichtwark. In 1994, one painting of the Kunsthalle was involved in the so-called Frankfurt art theft, while on loan to the Kunsthalle Schirn in Frankfurt, the painting Nebelschwaden by Caspar David Friedrich was stolen. After negotiations with the thieves, a lawyer bought back the painting, the cubic building sits on a monolithic base at a prominent location in close proximity to the Binnenalster. Since 2014, the Kunsthalle is under a euro 22 million renovation, in which the old entrance is being re-activated as sole entrance for the entire complex. The Kunsthalle is divided into four different sections, the Gallery of Old Masters, the Gallery of 19th-century Art, the Gallery of Classical Modernism and the Gallery of Contemporary Art. The Kunsthalle Museum is also known for its contemporary art collections and exhibitions. The Hamburg Kunsthalle continuisly carries out temporary exhibitions on contemporary and historic art, yearly there are on average 20 special exhibitions. The Dawn of Romanticism 2011–2012, Max Liebermann, pioneer of Modern Art 2012–2013, Giacometti

14.
Fridericianum
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The Fridericianum is a museum in Kassel, Germany. Built in 1779, it is one of the oldest public museums in Europe, since 1955 the quinquennial art festival documenta is centred on the site. The exhibition building itself was renovated by 1982. Ever since 1988, Fridericianum has continually hosted changing exhibitions of contemporary art, since June 2013 Susanne Pfeffer has been director of the Fridericianum. The Fridericianum was designed by Huguenot architect Simon Louis du Ry for Landgrave Friedrich II, the Fridericianum also contained a library built to house 100,000 volumes, and was connected to the medieval Zwehrenturm tower, which had been made into an observatory. With Jérôme’s expulsion in 1813, Fridericianum was returned to its purpose as a museum. During that time the Brothers Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, were employed at the library, the Fridericianum was heavily damaged in World War II, during the bombing raids on Kassel in 1941 and 1943. After the war, all that remained of the Fridericianum and library were the enclosing walls, the surviving books were moved into the Kassel University Library. In 1955, the first documenta exhibition, founded by Arnold Bode, since then documenta has been held every five years in the Fridericianum, which was fully renovated by 1982. In 1998 René Block took over from Loers as Artistic Director of the Fridericianum, since June 2013 Susanne Pfeffer has been director of the Fridericianum. Pfeffer presented an exhibition trilogy “Speculations on Anonymous Materials”, ”nature after nature” und ”Inhuman”, in 2015 she dedicated a large scale retrospective to the American experimental filmmaker Paul Sharits. On occasion of the 60th anniversary of documenta Pfeffer organized a retrospective of the Belgian artist Marcel Broodthaers, home page Previous home page in English

15.
Kaliningrad
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Kaliningrad is a seaport city and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea. In the Middle Ages, the locality was the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement, the town was successively part of the monastic State of the Teutonic Order, enfeoffed to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, then part of Prussia and Germany. The city was damaged during World War II. Its ruins were occupied by the Red Army on 9 April 1945 and it was renamed Kaliningrad on July 4,1946, in honor of Soviet luminary Mikhail Kalinin, who died in the previous month. In 2005 the city marked 750 years of existence as Königsberg/Kaliningrad, according to the 2010 Census, its population was 431,902 – an increase from 430,003 recorded in the 2002 Census. Kaliningrad is at the mouth of the navigable Pregolya River, which empties into the Vistula Lagoon, Sea vessels can access Gdańsk Bay/Bay of Danzig and the Baltic Sea by way of the Vistula Lagoon and the Strait of Baltiysk. Until around 1900, ships drawing more than 2 meters of water could not pass the bar and come into town, larger vessels had to anchor at Pillau, where cargo was transferred to smaller vessels. In 1901 a ship canal between Königsberg and Pillau, completed at a cost of 13 million German marks, enabled vessels of a 6.5 meters draught to moor alongside the town. Khrabrovo Airport,24 kilometers north of Kaliningrad, has a few scheduled, there is the smaller Kaliningrad Devau Airport for general aviation. Kaliningrad is also home to Kaliningrad Chkalovsk naval air base, Königsberg was preceded by a Sambian fort called Twangste, meaning Oak Forest. During the conquest of the Sambians by the Teutonic Knights in 1255, the declining Old Prussian culture finally became extinct around the 17th century, after the surviving Old Prussians were integrated through assimilation and Germanization. Kaliningrad was the East Prussian provincial capital Königsberg, founded in 1255 by the Teutonic Knights, the city was named in honor of the Bohemian King Ottokar II. Through immigration and development over the seven centuries, the area became predominantly German, though having Polish. During World War II the city of Königsberg was heavily damaged by a British bombing attack in 1944, the President of the United States and the British Prime Minister have declared that they will support the proposal of the Conference at the forthcoming peace settlement. Königsberg was renamed Kaliningrad in 1946 after the death of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Mikhail Kalinin, the survivors of the German population were forcibly expelled in 1946-1949, and the city was repopulated with Soviet citizens. The German language was replaced by the Russian language, the city was rebuilt, and, as the westernmost territory of the USSR, the Kaliningrad Oblast became a strategically important area during the Cold War. The Soviet Baltic Fleet was headquartered in the city in the 1950s, because of its strategic importance, Kaliningrad was closed to foreign visitors. In 1957 an agreement was signed and later came into force which delimited the border between Poland and the Soviet Union, due to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Kaliningrad Oblast became an exclave, geographically separated from the rest of Russia

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Kunsthalle Rostock
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The Rostock Art Gallery was opened on 15 May 1969 as a museum of contemporary art in Rostock in the German federal state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is in the grounds of the park around the Schwanenteich lake in the quarter of Reutershagen, R. Ein Streifzug durch die Museumslandschaft der neuen Bundesländer, Hamburg 1990, Igen-Verlag. Hansestadt Rostock, Freunde der Kunsthalle Rostock e. V

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Kunsthaus Tacheles
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The Kunsthaus Tacheles was an art center in Berlin, Germany, a large building and sculpture park on Oranienburger Straße in the district known as Mitte. Huge, colorful graffiti-style murals are painted on the exterior walls, the building houses an artists collective which is threatened with eviction. Originally called Friedrichsstadtpassagen, it was built as a department store in the Jewish quarter of Berlin, serving as a Nazi prison for a short while, it was later partially demolished. After the Berlin Wall had come down, it was taken over by artists, the building contained studios and workshops, a nightclub, and a cinema. Outside, the featured a open-air exhibition of metal sculptures as well as galleries. A part of the garden remains open to the public. The house was closed on September 4,2012. Tacheles Metallwerkstatt, the park, was open until March 2013. A developer called the Fundus Group bought the site from the Berlin government in the mid-1990s, because it was in no hurry to do anything with the building, it gave the artists a 10-year lease in 1998 at a nominal rent of 1 DM. This contract was extended but expired at the end of 2009. By this time, the Fundus Group had become insolvent, so the Hamburg-based HSH Nordbank, to which the Fundus Group owed money, there was a division inside the Tacheles. ‘Upstairs’ lived the artists from the coterie around organizer Martin Reiter, chairman of Tacheles e. V. the association that was formed in 1994 but went bankrupt in 2010. ‘Downstairs’ around 20 businesses like High End Kino 54 and Café Zapata, the Nordbank offered 1 million euros to the ‘downstairs’ group in order to leave, and they accepted it on 5 April 2011. Tim Africa, the spokesman of the group, said they planned to use the money to settle outstanding costs such as legal fees and, with the money left over. However, he refused to say which individuals had received the money. Furthermore, he said the money had come via a Berlin law firm from an anonymous source, a spokeswoman for HSH Nordbank said it had not paid the 1 million euros to the downstairs group and did not know who — if anyone — was behind the money. The building was constructed over the course of 15 months in 1907 and 1908 under the watch of the building office Franz Ahrens. The building complex stretched from Friedrichstraße to Oranienburger Straße, the shopping arcade had entrances from both sides and served to connect the two main thoroughfares

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Kunsthalle Bern
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The Kunsthalle Bern is a Kunsthalle on the Helvetiaplatz in Bern, Switzerland. It was built in 1917–1918 by the Kunsthalle Bern Association and opened on October 5,1918, since then, it has been the site of numerous expositions of contemporary art. On the occasion of its 50th anniversary the Kunsthalle Bern became the first building ever to be wrapped entirely by Christo, geschichte der Kunsthalle Bern, Bern 1970. Hans Rudolf Reust, Aus dem Musée éclaté an den Ort des Werks, Kunsthalle Bern 1969-1993, Bern 1993, ISBN 3-85780-088-7

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Kunsthalle Budapest
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The Budapest Hall of Art or Palace of Art, is a contemporary art museum and a historic building located in Budapest, Hungary. The museum building is on Heroes Square, facing the Budapest Museum of Fine Arts, the art museum hosts temporary exhibits contemporary art. It operates on the program of German Kunsthalles, as a run by artists that does not maintain its own collection. It is an Institution of the Hungarian Academy of Arts and its government partner is the Ministry of Education and Culture. It has a bookshop, library, and the Műcsarnok Café that overlooks the square, the large Neoclassical style structure, designed by architects Albert Schickedanz and Fülöp Herczog, was completed in 1896. It was originally built for millennium celebrations and its portico is in the Greek Revival style. The three-bayed, semi-circular apse houses an exhibition hall with skylights. The building was renovated in 1995, — Budapest Tourism Office. hu, Palace of Art introduction—

21.
Art gallery
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An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art. Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection, the term is used for both public galleries, which are non-profit or publicly owned museums that display selected collections of art. On the other hand, private galleries refers to the commercial enterprises for the sale of art, however, both types of gallery may host traveling exhibits or temporary exhibitions including art borrowed from elsewhere. In broad terms, in North American usage, the word gallery alone often implies a private gallery, the term contemporary art gallery refers usually to a privately owned for-profit commercial gallery. These galleries are found clustered together in large urban centers. Smaller cities are home to at least one gallery, but they may also be found in towns or villages. Contemporary art galleries are open to the general public without charge, however. They usually profit by taking a portion of art sales, from 25% to 50% is typical, there are also many non-profit or collective galleries. Some galleries in cities like Tokyo charge the artists a flat rate per day, curators often create group shows that say something about a certain theme, trend in art, or group of associated artists. Galleries sometimes choose to represent artists exclusively, giving them the opportunity to show regularly, a gallerys definition can also include the artist cooperative or artist-run space, which often operates as a space with a more democratic mission and selection process. A vanity gallery is an art gallery that charges fees from artists in order to show their work, the shows are not legitimately curated and will frequently or usually include as many artists as possible. Most art professionals are able to identify them on an artists resume, University art museums and galleries constitute collections of art that are developed, owned, and maintained by all kinds of schools, community colleges, colleges, and universities. This phenomenon exists in both the West and East, making it a global practice, although largely overlooked, there are over 700 university art museums in America alone. This number, in comparison to other kinds of art museums, throughout history, large and expensive works of art have generally been commissioned by religious institutions and monarchs and been displayed in temples, churches, and palaces. Although these collections of art were private, they were made available for viewing for a portion of the public. In classical times, religious institutions began to function as a form of art gallery. Wealthy Roman collectors of engraved gems and other precious objects often donated their collections to temples and it is unclear how easy it was in practice for the public to view these items. At the Palace of Versailles, entrance was restricted to wearing the proper apparel – the appropriate accessories could be hired from shops outside

German language
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German is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol, the German-speaking Community of Belgium and it is also one of the three official languages of Luxembourg. Major languages which are most similar to German include other member

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Old Frisian (Alt-Friesisch)

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The widespread popularity of the Bible translated into German by Martin Luther helped establish modern German

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Examples of German language in Namibian everyday life

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German-language newspapers in the U.S. in 1922

Art exhibition
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An art exhibition is traditionally the space in which art objects meet an audience. The exhibit is universally understood to be for some temporary period unless, as is rarely true, in American English, they may be called exhibit, exposition or show. In UK English, they are always called exhibitions or shows, and an individual item in the show is an

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Exhibition space being readied for a show at the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

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"A Slight Attack of Third Dimentia Brought on by Excessive Study of the Much Talked of Cubist Pictures in the International Exhibition at New York," drawn by John French Sloan in April 1913, satirizing the Armory Show.

Kunsthaus Graz
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The Kunsthaus Graz, Grazer Kunsthaus, or Graz Art Museum was built as part of the European Capital of Culture celebrations in 2003 and has since become an architectural landmark in Graz, Austria. Its exhibition program specializes in art of the last four decades. Its unusual form differs radically from conventional exhibition contexts, many of whic

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View of the Kunsthaus Graz from the Schlossberg

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The Kunsthaus Graz at night showing the BIX media Façade

Kunsthalle Wien
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Kunsthalle Wien is the exhibition hall for contemporary art in Vienna. Since it opened in 1992 – originally shaped like a container – Kunsthalle Wien, as an urban institution, in this respect, it is both a location for established art and negotiation site for current societal issues as well as future developments. In the beginning, Kunsthalle Wien

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Kunsthalle Wien Museumsquartier

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Kunsthalle Wien Karlsplatz

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Kunsthalle Wien Karsplatz

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"I'm Isa Genzken, The Only Female Fool", 2014

Museumsquartier
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The renovation of the former court stables began in April 1998. Three years later, the Museumsquartier opened in two stages, the total cost of the construction was 150 Million Euro. The Museumsquartier also hosts quartier21, which features around sixty alternative art groups, the Museumsquartier station of line U2 of the Vienna U-Bahn is located he

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Museumsquartier in Vienna

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Museumsquartier panorama

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Hofstallung

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Museumsquartier

Vienna
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Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austrias primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million, and its cultural, economic and it is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin, V

KunstHausWien
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The KunstHausWien is a museum in Vienna, designed by the artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser. This museum in the Landstraße district houses the only permanent exhibition of Hundertwassers works. The KunstHausWien operates as a business and does not receive any government aid. In 2009 the KunstHausWien received 174,000 visitors, the museum was create

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Street facade and entrance

Kunsthalle Helsinki
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Kunsthalle Helsinki is an art exhibition venue in the Etu-Töölö district of Helsinki, Finland. The Kunsthalle doesnt have own collections but hosts 7–8 major exhibitions a year from outside collections, focusing mainly on art but also featuring design. It is owned by a foundation and supported by the City of Helsinki. The Kunsthalle building was de

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Kunsthalle Helsinki

Alsace
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Alsace is a cultural and historical region in eastern France now located in the administrative region of Grand Est. Alsace is located on Frances eastern border and on the west bank of the upper Rhine adjacent to Germany, from 1982 until January 2016, Alsace was the smallest of 22 administrative regions in metropolitan France, consisting of the Bas-

Kunsthalle Bielefeld
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The Kunsthalle Bielefeld is a modern and contemporary art museum in Bielefeld, Germany. It was designed by Philip Johnson in 1968, and paid for by the businessman, initiated in 1950 with a donation by Oetker and gradually expanded from 1954 with municipal acquisitions, the collection focuses on Expressionism, international sculpture, and contempora

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Kunsthalle Bielefeld by day.

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Former water basin in the Sculpture Garden (May 1985)

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Sculpture Garden with sculptures by Sol LeWitt and Henry Moore

Kunsthalle Bremen
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The Kunsthalle Bremen is an art museum in Bremen, Germany. It is located close to the Bremen Old Town on the Culture Mile, the Kunsthalle was built in 1849, enlarged in 1902 by architect Eduard Gildemeister, and expanded several more times, most notably in 2011. Since 1977, the building has been designated a Kulturdenkmal on Germanys buildings heri

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The restored Kunsthalle Bremen, 2011

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Madonna with Child (1423) Masolino da Panicale

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Die Jugend des Zeus (1905) Lovis Corinth

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The Kunsthalle Bremen in 1849

Kunsthalle Frankfurt
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The Schirn Kunsthalle is an exhibition hall in Frankfurt, Germany, located in the old city between the Römer and the Frankfurt Cathedral. The Schirn exhibits both modern and contemporary art and it is the main venue for temporary art exhibitions in Frankfurt. Exhibitions in recent years included retrospectives of Wassily Kandinsky, Marc Chagall, Fr

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The Kunsthalle from above in the northwest

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The Kunsthalle and preserved Ancient Roman ruins (with a hypocaust), seen from the east, before the beginning of the Dom-Römer-Project

Kunsthalle Hamburg
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The Hamburg Kunsthalle is the art museum of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany. It is one of the largest museums in the country, the name Kunsthalle indicates the museums history as an art hall when founded in 1850. Today, the Kunsthalle houses one of the few art collections in Germany that covers seven centuries of European art, the K

Fridericianum
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The Fridericianum is a museum in Kassel, Germany. Built in 1779, it is one of the oldest public museums in Europe, since 1955 the quinquennial art festival documenta is centred on the site. The exhibition building itself was renovated by 1982. Ever since 1988, Fridericianum has continually hosted changing exhibitions of contemporary art, since June

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The Fridericianum.

Kaliningrad
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Kaliningrad is a seaport city and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea. In the Middle Ages, the locality was the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement, the town was successively part of the monastic State of the Teutonic Order, enfeoffed to the Polish–Lithuanian Comm

Kunsthalle Mannheim
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The Kunsthalle Mannheim is a museum of modern and contemporary art, established in 1909 and located in Mannheim, Germany. The building designed by Hermann Billing was erected as a structure to serve an International Art Exhibition of 1907. Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der städtischen Kunstsammlung in der Kunsthalle Mannheim von ihren Anfängen bis zum

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Kunsthalle Mannheim

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Caspar David Friedrich, Evening with clouds, 1824

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Théodore Géricault, 1821-2

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Gustave Courbet, 1863

Kunsthalle Rostock
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The Rostock Art Gallery was opened on 15 May 1969 as a museum of contemporary art in Rostock in the German federal state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is in the grounds of the park around the Schwanenteich lake in the quarter of Reutershagen, R. Ein Streifzug durch die Museumslandschaft der neuen Bundesländer, Hamburg 1990, Igen-Verlag. Hansestadt

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Rostock Art Gallery.

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The West Gallery.

Kunsthaus Tacheles
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The Kunsthaus Tacheles was an art center in Berlin, Germany, a large building and sculpture park on Oranienburger Straße in the district known as Mitte. Huge, colorful graffiti-style murals are painted on the exterior walls, the building houses an artists collective which is threatened with eviction. Originally called Friedrichsstadtpassagen, it wa

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Facade of Kunsthaus Tacheles at Oranienburger Straße

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A sign for Tacheles at the entrance

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Tacheles from the rear

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Tacheles 1997

Kunsthalle Bern
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The Kunsthalle Bern is a Kunsthalle on the Helvetiaplatz in Bern, Switzerland. It was built in 1917–1918 by the Kunsthalle Bern Association and opened on October 5,1918, since then, it has been the site of numerous expositions of contemporary art. On the occasion of its 50th anniversary the Kunsthalle Bern became the first building ever to be wrapp

1.
Kunsthalle Bern

Kunsthalle Budapest
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The Budapest Hall of Art or Palace of Art, is a contemporary art museum and a historic building located in Budapest, Hungary. The museum building is on Heroes Square, facing the Budapest Museum of Fine Arts, the art museum hosts temporary exhibits contemporary art. It operates on the program of German Kunsthalles, as a run by artists that does not

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Hall of Art

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Hall of Art, main entrance

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Hall of Art, Aerial photography

Art gallery
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An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art. Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection, the term is used for both public galleries, which are non-profit or publicly owned museums that display selected collections of art. On the other hand,

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The Louvre in Paris, France, is one of the world's largest museums and the most visited art museum in the world.

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The Gallery of Cornelis van der Geest, Willem van Haecht, 1628. A private picture gallery as an early precursor of the modern museum.

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University of Tartu Art Museum is the oldest museum in Estonia.

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The art collection at the Palace of Versailles in France was periodically open for 'respectable' public viewing.