The project on Personalisation of Self-service Solutions across On-line Platforms (POSS ON-LINE) focuses on users, clients, and self-service solutions. It is based on the understanding that clients and users are different and have different goals, and that self-service takes place in different contexts, on different platforms, and within different applications and this requires development of complementary approaches and solutions. Traditionally the tools used to predict user behaviour build on users leaving traces of their actions. However, new application and developments for existing applications do not gather traces, and new ways of profiling the user is needed. To digitalise e.g. public services such as TOLD & SKAT to meet citizen’s needs is a huge challenge because the user’s context has to be taken into account. As the tracking tools are not sufficiently refined (1,4,14) pushing of information to users with the aim of increasing sales, e.g. AMAZON, still leaves much to be wished for. Despite the fact that the user profile, which the system generates, is continuously updated through user’s interaction with the system (15), e.g. myyahoo.com. Personalised application may both service the client and the user. The system gathers data about the user, which enables the client to push information to the user. Personalisation enables graphic user interface design that is personalised and relevant to the individual user and invites the user to get access to information with less strain. Personalisation of self-service solutions is promising and IT companies are experiencing an increase in the clients’ demands. At the same time the development of solutions moves within a shorter and shorter time span. Hence the process of innovations is paced and there is an increasing need of new ways of looking at the process of development. However, we lack methods to predict user behaviour without having to deal with huge amounts of data and data from both quantitative data as well as life world observations are required.

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This paper suggests that for negotiation studies, the well-researched role of cognitive closure
in decision-making should be supplemented with specific research on what sort of information is seized
on as unambiguous, salient and easily processable by negotiators. A study of email negotiation is
reported that suggests that negotiators seize on concrete examples as building blocks that produce
immediate positive feedback and consequent utilization in establishing common ground.

This paper explains, or perhaps better rationalizes, why I have ended up thinking that so called "practice” theory provides the most adequate entry point for theorizing about business in/and global governance.1 But more than this the key ambition is to spell out what it means to work with practice theory and what kind of leverage it gives for understanding the role of business in global governance. The paper therefore begins by an account of two major difficulties thinking in terms of practices are useful for circumventing. The general thrust of that section is to underline why it may be useful to think in terms of practices in the first place rather than sticking with some of its admittedly more parsimonious and less labor intense alternatives. The rest of the paper then tries to outline what it means (in my view) to work with practices. The second section focuses on how we know whose/what practices matter. It emphasizes the importance of allowing for contextual differentiation when mapping activities and their hierarchies. It also underscores the significance of remaining open about who and what is important. It points to the centrality of different forms of capital (economic, social, cultural and symbolic) in defining whose activities matter. But even more strongly it links up with actor-network-theory’s insight that also objects and technologies "act” in social relations.

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In CSCW, phrases such as ‘shared goal’ or ‘shared understanding’ are often used to
denote what is taken to be a defining feature of cooperative work or at least what is
thought to be an essential precondition of the orderliness without which cooperative
work in practice is impossible; that is, these terms are used in an explanatory function
[e.g., 1; 6].
To take but one example: In one of her articles on ‘situation awareness’ the muchcited
Mica Endsley posits: ‘In a smoothly functioning team, each team member shares
a common understanding of what is happening on those [Situation Awareness] elements
that are common — that is, they have shared situation awareness, which refers
to the overlap among the SA requirements of the team members.’ However, she prudently
adds, ‘The concept of shared mental models is not universally heralded’ and
‘The development of shared mental models has not been the subject of much research’
[4, pp. 48, 52 f.].
A ‘shared situation awareness’? A ‘shared mental model’? What does she mean?

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Recent research in the field of computational social
science have shown how data resulting from the widespread
adoption and use of social media channels such as twitter can
be used to predict outcomes such as movie revenues, election
winners, localized moods, and epidemic outbreaks.
Underlying assumptions for this research stream on
predictive analytics are that social media actions such as
tweeting, liking, commenting and rating are proxies for
user/consumer’s attention to a particular object/product and
that the shared digital artefact that is persistent can create
social influence. In this paper, we demonstrate how social
media data from twitter can be used to predict the sales of
iPhones. Based on a conceptual model of social data consisting
of social graph (actors, actions, activities, and artefacts) and
social text (topics, keywords, pronouns, and sentiments), we
develop and evaluate a linear regression model that
transforms iPhone tweets into a prediction of the quarterly
iPhone sales with an average error close to the established
prediction models from investment banks. This strong
correlation between iPhone tweets and iPhone sales becomes
marginally stronger after incorporating sentiments of tweets.
We discuss the findings and conclude with implications for
predictive analytics with big social data.

The purpose of the current investigation is to predict post-editor profiles based on user be-
haviour and demographics using machine learning techniques to gain a better understanding of
post-editor styles. Our study extracts process unit features from the CasMaCat LS14 database
from the CRITT Translation Process Research Database (TPR-DB). The analysis has two main
research goals: We create n-gram models based on user activity and part-of-speech sequences
to automatically cluster post-editors, and we use discriminative classifier models to character-
ize post-editors based on a diverse range of translation process features. The classification and
clustering of participants resulting from our study suggest this type of exploration could be
used as a tool to develop new translation tool features or customization possibilities.

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Sustainable work behavior is an important issue for operations managers – it has implications for most outcomes of OM. This research explores the antecedents of
sustainable work behavior. It revisits and extends the sociotechnical model developed by Brown et al. (2000) on predicting safe behavior. Employee characteristics and general attitudes towards safety and work condition are included in the extended model. A survey was handed out to 654 employees in Chinese factories. This research contributes by demonstrating how employee- characteristics and general attitudes towards safety and work condition influence their sustainable work behavior. A new definition of sustainable work behavior is proposed.

This paper expands entry mode literature by referring to multiple modes exerted in different value chain activities within and across host markets, rather than to a single entry mode at the host market level. Scale of operations and knowledge intensity are argued to affect firms’ entry mode diversity across value chain activities and host markets. Analyzing a sample of Israeli based firms we show that larger firms exhibit a higher degree of entry mode diversity both across value chain activities and across host markets. Higher levels of knowledge intensity are also associated with more diversity in firms’ entry modes across both dimensions.

The literature suggests that important strategic initiatives can derive from employees
within the organization as they respond to needs and opportunities observed in daily
operations. This seems to indicate that employees have a good sense of the firm’s
operational capabilities observed through direct interactions with colleagues, customers
and partners. Executives make their own judgments about the corporate capabilities
from discussions with various managers, other executives and industry specialists. But,
the information gathered by executives may be qualitatively different from the
conditions sensed by the employees. So, we arranged a contest between operational
capabilities assessed by employees and executives and the relationship to subsequent
firm performance. Based on more than 400 individual data points collected from two
medium-sized organizations over a period of eighteen months, advanced distributed lag
time-series analyses show that the sensing of front-line employees (surprisingly) is a
better medium-term predictor of organizational performance than executive judgments.
These results have implications for the way organizations set up their management
information and communication structure.

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Price-earnings ratios are part of the toolkit that is used for assessing the valuation of
individual firms on the stock market as well as the entire market itself. This paper
presents consistent P/E series for the liquid Danish shares adjusted for share buybacks.
The results show that over the period from 1969 to 2003, the average (trailing)
P/E equals 13.5. The P/E reaches its lowest level in 1980, which is likely to be due to
a soaring oil price, high wage increases and interest rates approaching 20 percent.
Notwithstanding optimistic equity pricing also in Denmark in the late 1990s, the
upturn in Danish valuations was more moderate than in the US. The correction that
sets in subsequently reversed essentially the gains in the Danish P/E in the 1990s.

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The Role of Mentalizing for Reward Design and Managenemt in Principal-Agent Relations

Foss, Nicolai J.; Stea, Diego(Frederiksberg, 2013)

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Abstract:

Agency theory is one of the most important foundational theories in management research, but it rests on tenuous cognitive assumptions. We combine classical agency theory with a realistic theory of the intrinsically imperfect human potential for interpersonal sensemaking. This allows us to systematically show how the principal’s ability to mentalize with the agent influences value creation in principal-agent relations, and to link this to organizational sensemaking instruments.

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Separating the Impact of Dual Class Shares, Pyramids and Cross-ownership on Firm Value Across Legal Regimes in Western Europe

Bennedsen, Morten; Meisner Nielsen, Kasper(København, 2005)

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Abstract:

Recent policy initiatives within the harmonization of European company laws have promoted a so-called "principle of proportionality" through proposals that regulate mechanisms opposing a proportional distribution of ownership and control. We scrutinize the foundation for these initiatives by analyzing the use of instruments to separate ownership from control across legal regimes in a sample of over 4,000 publicly traded firms from 14 Western European countries. First, we confirm the negative impact on firm value from disproportional ownership structures previously established in a sample of Asian firms by Claessens et al. (2002). Second, we show that dual class shares have a larger and more significant negative effect on firm value than pyramids and cross holdings. Third, we find that the impact of disproportionality and the underlying instruments is inversely related to the level of investor protection. Thus, dual class shares and pyramids substitute legal protection in countries with inadequate investor protection. Fourth, we find no evidence of a significant effect of disproportionality instruments on earnings performance. Finally, we discuss policy implications of these findings in relationship to the process of harmonization of the European capital markets.
JEL classifications: G30, G32, G34 and G38
Keywords: Ownership Structure, Dual Class Shares, Pyramids, EU company
laws.

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These lecture notes present the basic principles of phrase structure that apply in English. We start by presenting in some detail the most complex phrase type in English, the noun phrase. Having done that, we demonstrate that all the other main phrase types, the AP, the PP and the VP, are modelled on the same structural principles as noun phrases.