Polyatomic anions containing oxygen (oxyanions) can have which nomenclature endings?

-ate most commonly, and -ite when there is one fewer oxygen atom but the same charge

Which prefixes can oxyanions have?

per- when there is one more oxygen atom than the oxyanion ending in -ate

hypo- when there is one fewer oxygen atom than the oxyanion ending in -ite

Anions derived by adding H+ to an oxyanion are named by adding which prefix(es)?

hydrogen or dihydrogen as appropriate

Acids containing anions whose names end in -ide are named by

changing the -ide ending to -ic, adding the prefix hydro-, then following with the word “acid”

Acids containing anions whose names end in -ate or -ite are named by

changing -ate to -ic or -ite to -ous, the adding the word “acid”

Avogadro’s number

6.02*1023

Any metal on the activity series list can by oxidized by

the ions of elements -below- it

Titration is

combining a sample of a solution with a standard solution that it will react with. For instance, taking an unknown concentration of HCl, reacting it with a known concentration of NaOH, and seeing how much salt/water is made.

Equivalence point

the point in titration at which stoichiometrically equivalent quantities of reactants are brought together

Kinetic energy =

1/2mv2 where v = speed

Potential energy =

mgh, where g = gravitational constant (9.8m/s2)

Electrostatic potential energy (between charged particles) =

kQ1Q2/d, where k = constant of proportionality (8.99*109) and Q1 and Q2 are the charges of the atoms

work =

force * distance

also, -P * change in volume

enthalpy (H) =

E + PV

change in enthalpy =

change in energy + P * change in V

or

change in (E+PV)

or

the heat gained or lost at constant pressure

heat capacity

amount of energy required to raise temp by 1 K

specific heat

heat capacity of one gram of a substance

or

quantity of heat transferred/grams*change in temp

heat of solution =

specific heat*grams*change in temp = negative heat of reaction

heat of reaction =

negative heat capacity * change in temp

Planck’s constant

6.626*10-34

energy of photon=E=hv where h = Planck’s constant

Matter can only emit energy in multiples of h

Rydberg equation

1/wavelength = (Rydberg constant)*(1/n12 – 1/n22)

where Rydberg’s constant = 1.097*107 and n1 and n2 are the principle quantum numbers, with n2 being larger than n1

relationship of wavelength to momentum

wavelength = h/mv where h = Planck’s constant and v = frequency

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

uncertainty of position * uncertainty (change in) mv is greater than or equal to h/4π

Therefore, to find the uncertainty of position, do h/(4πm * change in v)