Robert Taylor (1792-1850) was an Englishman transported to New South Wales who became an early Australian businessman.

Robert Taylor was originally from Wigan, a Mill town in Lancashire, England. In 1819, he was convicted of larceny and sentenced to transportation to New South Wales for 7 years. He was freed in 1826, and subsequently became a businessman and landowner in the town of Sydney. Located on Robert Taylor's land, and named after him, is Sydney's iconic Taylor Square.