Between December 2001 and February 2002, NOAA-AVHRR images were obtained twice a day for the region between 30-40S and 70-80W. Within the cloud free areas, sea surface temperature was calculated according to standard split window algorithms. The geo-referenced horizontal resolution for each SST-pixel resulted in 2 km, in east-west and north-sout...

Between December 2001 and February 2002, NOAA-AVHRR images were obtained twice a day for the region between 30-40S and 70-80W. Within the cloud free areas, sea surface temperature was calculated according to standard split window algorithms. The geo-referenced horizontal resolution for each SST-pixel resulted in 2 km, in east-west and north-south direction. All pairs of images were analyzed with respect to advective surface velocity by means of Maximum Cross-Correlation. Maximum Cross-Correlations exceeding the predetermined significance level of cross correlation were accepted. From all pairs of comparison monthly advective velocity maps (and SST maps) were constructed and separated in a coastal and offshore band. Coastal upwelling was observed along the coast of central Chile in all three months via the SST maps. Onshore-offshore transports were towards the west in December, rotated northwest in January and towards the north in February. These results are explained by an increased advection of suptropical surface water towards the coast in January and February Minimize

This review begins by outlining the historical discussion about the relative importance of fostering cross-curricular competencies versus domain-specific prior knowledge as central goals of education. Metacognition and prior knowledge are then introduced as constructs representing these two goals; their development and effects on learning outcom...

This review begins by outlining the historical discussion about the relative importance of fostering cross-curricular competencies versus domain-specific prior knowledge as central goals of education. Metacognition and prior knowledge are then introduced as constructs representing these two goals; their development and effects on learning outcomes are described from a theoretical perspective. Empirical research on metacognition and expertise—and especially on mechanisms of acquisition—is then presented, illustrating commonalities between the two concepts and drawing attention to the need to take interactions between the two into account when analyzing their impact on learning outcomes. Most of the research discussed in the article draws on cross-sectional data. Systematic longitudinal research of combined effects in different subject domains is required to gain a better understanding of developmental mechanisms and stage-specific effects. Minimize

Of the 86 Odonata species so far recorded for the Levant, four are considered as endangered (Calopteryx hyalina, C. syriaca, Ceriagrion georgifreyi, Pseudagrion torridum hulae), six as vulnerable (Coenagrion vanbrinckae, P. sublacteum mortoni

Of the 86 Odonata species so far recorded for the Levant, four are considered as endangered (Calopteryx hyalina, C. syriaca, Ceriagrion georgifreyi, Pseudagrion torridum hulae), six as vulnerable (Coenagrion vanbrinckae, P. sublacteum mortoni Minimize

Characteristics of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the eastern Pacific are derived from the monthly mean wind convergence of ERS-QuikSCAT fields for 1991-2004. Its climatology is computed over 1999-2004, and compared with those derived from monthly sea surface temperature, atmospheric water vapor, cloud liquid water, and rain rate f...

Characteristics of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the eastern Pacific are derived from the monthly mean wind convergence of ERS-QuikSCAT fields for 1991-2004. Its climatology is computed over 1999-2004, and compared with those derived from monthly sea surface temperature, atmospheric water vapor, cloud liquid water, and rain rate from the Tropical Rain Measuring Mission (TRMM, 1999-2004). Preliminary results indicated an excellent relationship between wind convergence and TRMM data for the northern branch of ITCZ (NITCZ). However, none of the TRMM fields show, as the ERS-QuikSCAT fields does the southern branch of ITCZ (SITCZ). Therefore, an especial emphasis is given over SITCZ, for instance only shown in wind convergence, with a permanent characteristic, although with a wide and narrow cover during February-March and October-November, respectively. TRMM data only shows the SITCZ during February to April. We extend the analysis to interannual time scales, with a particular emphasis on El Nio-Southern Oscillation cycle. The analysis of the ERS-QuikSCAT fields shows that during El Nio events both NITCZ and SITCZ are united in the first months and SITCZ disappear in the rest, whereas during la Nia, the SITCZ tends to strength and permanence throughout the year Minimize

The main focus of this contribution is the description of mechanisms for an intuitive input of user-data with a direct response to gain fast parameter selection. To build polymorph input methods for different parameter classes, a database containing knowledge about each operator is needed. This information about the syntactical and semantical st...

The main focus of this contribution is the description of mechanisms for an intuitive input of user-data with a direct response to gain fast parameter selection. To build polymorph input methods for different parameter classes, a database containing knowledge about each operator is needed. This information about the syntactical and semantical structure is used to create adequate dialog elements, like sliders, list boxes, text fields, etc., each one responsible for a distinct parameter class. In addition higher-level semantics are used to aggregate data types, e.g., the user can draw a rectangle interactively, instead of only inputting the coordinates of its corners. Depending on the context, the user can also change certain subsets of the knowledge about the operator to fit special needs. Incremental computation of the results of an operator by successively expanding regions of interest is used to gain direct feedback for every change of parameter values. So by dragging a slider for . Minimize

Recent high-resolution hydrographic measurements (1976-2001) from the eastern South Pacific (ESP) were employed combined with high-resolution data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment to evaluate the vertical and horizontal extension of the OMZ (oxygen minimum zone, < 20 mol kg-1) there. Of the six permanent hypoxic regions in the world o...