Computer Architecture

Computer architecture defines the components and the relationship between them. It also describes how different components interact with software to form a computer system.

In other words computer architecture defines the design of the computer system.

According to Hayes – Computer architecture defines the study of structure, behavior and design of computers.

The best known computer architecture is known as “John Von Architecture” or “Princeton Architecture”, introduced in 1948 by John Von Neumann. This architecture is still used by most of the computers today. Here is the diagram of Architecture

CPU– CPU stands for central processing unit. CPU is also known as the microprocessor. It controls all the input/output devices, memory and ALU functions and operations.

Primary task of CPU –

Transfer instruction/data from main memory to register and vice

CPU executes the instructions in the stored

When necessary, CPU transfers the output data from register to main memory.

The basic function of control unit is to fetch instructions from the main memory, after that identify the operations and devices involved in it and accordingly generate control signals to assigned devices and memory to execute the

Control unit coordinates with Input and Output devices. It organizes & maintains the proper sequence of the processing of data &

3) Register-

Registers are high speed special purpose registers. They are temporary memory unit. We can access them directly as they cannot accessed by their

They are used to store current information that is required by CPU. The information can be data, instruction, address and intermediate result of

Mother Board- It is the main Printed circuit board mounted the CPU. It is also known as Logic Board, Planar board and System Board. It is found in general purpose as well as special purpose systems. It allows communication between different components of the system such as memory, CPU, and other peripherals. It uses different buses to connect dif7fe/5r3ent components.

BUS- A bus is a set of wires used to connect different components of the system so that data/information can move from one component to other component, where each wire can carry only a single bit.

There are two types of BUS according to connectivity

1) Internal Bus – It is also known as system bus, local bus, front side bus or Memory bus. It connects all the internal components such as CPU and memory to the motherboard. It is also known as local bus as they are intended to connect local

2) External Bus – It is also known as the expansion bus. It connects different external components like peripherals, expansion slots, I/O Port and drive connections to the rest of the computer.

There are three types of bus according to their work.

1) Data Bus- The data that is to be transferred is carried by data

2) Address Bus– The addresses of I/O devices and memory is carried by address bus

3) Control bus– The instructions/commands to access the memory or I/O devices are carried by control

Answer (e)

Answer (3)

Answer (3)

9. CPU can directly understand this language?

1. C 2. Assembly 3. Machine language 4. Java

Answer (3)

10. The first microprocessor was

1. Intel 4004 2. 8080 3. 8085 4. 4008

answer(1)

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