1. Treaties
with St. Boniface and Treaties Between the Holy See and King Pepin the Short of
the Franks; Pepin delivered and defended the Papal states of the Holy See,
confirming the "temporal powers" of Rome and laying the groundwork
for his son, Charlemagne. to create the First Holy Roman Empire. (751­800 A.D.)

2. Charter of
the First Holy Roman Empire, 800 A.D.

3. King John
of England
breaks with the Roman Catholic Church, 1209. Edict of Excommunication of John
of England.

4. Treaty of
King John of England, Cede
to Innocent III, 1213 A.D. John agrees that England
and Ireland are both
"fiefs" of Rome, and that his own
crown will be forfeited to Rome
if he breaks his sworn agreements favoring the Pope.

5. Magna Carta 1215 A.D. In signing the
Magna Carta King John silently invoked the 1213 Papal agreement relinquishing
his crown to the Pope. Thereafter, all lands explored and claimed in behalf of
Catholic Monarchs, including the British
Monarch as a vassal of Rome,
were in fact first and wholly claimed in behalf of the Holy See, which
returned a portion of the profit to the vassal monarchs in the form of
"jurisdictions". The Holy See
retained the global jurisdiction of the air, granted jurisdiction of the land to
temporal authorities (recognized monarchs),
and granted the international jurisdiction of the sea to the British Crown Temple to be administered under the ancient Law of the Sea (international
admiralty) and Law Merchant (now
Uniform Commercial Code).

7. European
Treaties bearing on the History of the United States and its Dependencies
to 1648. - Frances Gardiner Davenport, editor, Carnegie Institution of Washington,1917,
Washington, D.C., especially pp.
75-78.

8. "The
Privileges and Prerogatives Granted by Their Catholic Majesties to Christopher
Columbus April 30, 1492"

9. "The
First Charter of Virginia"
April 10, 1606

10. "The
Second Charter of Virginia"
23 May 1609

11. "The Third Charter of Virginia" March 12, 1611

12. "The
Charter of New England: 1620" It becomes obvious from the above that all
these E(states) were formed as commercial ventures under the auspices of
Monarchies owing fealty to the Holy See.

13. "Cestui Que Vie Act
of 1666" - Sets forth the nature and construction of Roman
Inferior Trusts in England to allow state management of property belonging of
unknown survivors of the Black Death and the Fire of London.

14.
"Charter for the Province of Pennsylvania-1681" - More proof of the
commercial and non-religious nature of the founding principles that the Holy
See employs in managing its temporal affairs and providing governmental
services.

15. "Charter
of the Corporation of the Bank of England 1694"

16. The
Articles of Confederation 1781

17. The
Treaty(ies) of Paris
plus Amends, 1784-90

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18. The Treaty
of Westminster, 1794, a "Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation"
between HIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, November 19,
1794, in which the British Crown commercial company and its American version
agreed to peace in perpetuity.

19. The
Northwest Ordinance, 1787.

20. The
Constitution for the united
States of America, 1789.

21. Act of
February 20, 1792, Establishing a General Post Office for the United States government, in
addition to the already existing general post office.

22. 1818: U.S.
v. Bevans, 16 U.S.336. Establishes two
separatejurisdictions within
the United States Of America: 1. The
"federalzone"
and 2. "the 50 States".

27. The Lieber Code also known as General
Order 100, April 24, 1863, by President Abraham Lincoln as Commander in Chief,
making the Union Army responsible for proper administration of the monetary
system, protection of the National Trust, and fair treatment of the Southern
States and their inhabitants during reconstruction. The Lieber Code requires the Army, or in modern terms, the Department
of Defense, to pay reparations to all non-combatant civilians harmed. This
Code

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has never been
repealed or changed. It is the reason that we continue to have "Secretary Generals" and "US Postmaster Generals" and "Attorney Generals" and "Inspector Generals" and "Lieutenant Governors".

28. The Reform
Act of 1867 (Britain)
- First use of enfranchisement as a political
tool to undermine legal standing of
living men under Chancellor of the Exchequer, Benjamin Disraeli.

29. The
Reconstruction Act of 1867 -American counterpart

30. "the
Constitution of the United States of America" 1871 - established by the
"US Congress" acting as Board of Directors to form the United States of America, Inc. as a
Trust Management Organization to operate both the municipal government of the to come corporate United States and
to administer and fulfill the National Trust Indenture and service contracts
owed the now-50 states known as The
United States of America.

31. The Act of
1871-Formally incorporated the municipal (city state) government of the District of Columbia as
a separate nation operated according to its own government and code.

32. Merriam's Estate,
36
NE 505, 506 22: "... the United
States is to be regarded as a body politic
and corporate.... It is suggested that the United
States is to be regarded as a domestic corporation, so far as the State of New York is concerned. We think this
contention has no support in reason or authority.... The United States is a foreign corporation in relation to a
State."

33. US. v. Anthony, 24 Fed. 829 (1873) `"The term resident and citizen of the United States is
distinguished from a Citizen of one of the several states, in that the former
is a special class of citizen created by
Congress." Though the judge fails to fully admit the circumstance,
"US
citizenship" was created as an excuse for the "government" to
claim ownership of all the slaves supposedly freed by the Civil War as
chattel backing Union war

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debts. To this day, black Americans
have only "Civil Rights".

34. U.S. v. Cruikshank,
92 U.S.
542, 23 L.Ed. 588, (1.875). "There is in our political system [two governments], a government of the
Several [50]
States; and a government of the United
States. Each is distinct from the other and has
citizens of its own. A person may be a citizen of the United States and of a State, and
as such has different rights."

35.United
States v. Germane, 99 U.S. 508 (1879), Norton v. Shelby County, 118
U.S. 425, 441, 6 S.Ct. 1121 (1866), etc., dating to Pope v. Commissioner, 138
F.2d 1006, 1009 (6th Cir. 1943); where the state is concerned, the most recent
corresponding decision was State v. Pinckney, 276 N.W. 2d 433,436 (Iowa 1979). All
these are supporting case law establishing
res judicata regarding the nature
of The United States (original TMO) and a State (one of "Several
States" of the Union) as first expressed
in the Merriam's Estate case cited above.

36. Title 8
USC §§ 1101(a), (3), (21) and (22) and Public Law, 15 U.S. Stat., Chapter 249, pps
223-224. Under Federal Code (the internal "law" of the United States
of America, Inc.) there is no such thing as dual citizenship.

37. Title 8
USC 1101(a)(21) the birthright status of "American
Nationals" is recognized. Under the statutory law of the United States
of America, Inc. there is absolute distinction between "US citizens" and "American
Nationals".

38. The Clearfield Doctrine and USC Title
22: When a government operates as a commercial corporation it descends to the
level of all such corporations and has no special powers or attributes. It is
only when acting as a properly formed unincorporated Body Politic that a
government exercises sovereign power of any kind. Virtually all governments operating in the
world today are for-profit corporations under contract to provide governmental
services. The American "US

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(Major)"
government (The United States of America) hasn't operated as a sovereign entity
since 1865. The US (Minor)
government (the corporate United
States) operates
as a corporation.

39.The
Insular Tariff Cases, US Supreme Court, 1900­1904 - A series of US
Supreme Court cases that resulted in allowing Congress to operate "the
corporate United States" - DC, Guam, Puerto Rico, et alia - as a separate
and foreign nation state without regard
for the requirements imposed by The Constitution for the united States of
America. From one of the cases, Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244
(1901), we quote Justice Marshall Harlan writing in dissent: "...two
national governments, one to be maintained under the Constitution, with all its
restrictions, the other to be maintained by Congress outside and independently
of that instrument, by exercising such powers as other nations of the earth are
accustomed to... a radical and
mischievous change in our system of government will result... We will, in that
event, pass from the era of
constitutional liberty guarded and protected by a written constitution into an era of legislative
absolutism... It will be an evil day for American liberty if the theory
of a government outside the supreme law of the land finds lodgment in our
constitutional jurisprudence."

40. Charter of
The Corporation Trust Company of America, 1907 A.D.

41. Hendrick v. Maryland S. C. Reporter's Rd., 610­625.
(1914) "A "US Citizen" upon leaving the District of Columbia
becomes involved in "interstate commerce" as a "resident"
does not have the common-law right to travel, of a
Citizen of one of the several states." This "power of the
Congress to rule over the people of the District of Columbia and the Insular
states was used as an excuse to impose
Driver Licenses on "US citizens" living outside the confines of the United States of America and
mis-applied to Citizens of the corporate United States

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---so-called
"State Citizens" who were entrapped into contract by,
a process of mis-administration and legal presumption. This applies to the
myriad "licenses" and "codes" that have been
mis-applied to the American People under undisclosed, misrepresented, and
otherwise invalid private contracts.

42. The
Federal Reserve Act, 1913. Allows a private non­federal for-profit banking
association doing business under the purposefully deceitful name of
"Federal Reserve" to commandeer the national monetary and economic
systems, allowing these banks to printmoney and back only a small
"fractional" portion of it with gold or silver. Later, they will be allowed to back the money with nothing
at all but the promises of the US Congress.

43. Trading With the Enemy Act, Public Law
No. 65-91 (40 Stat. L. 411) October 6, 1917,
defines non-combatant American civilian Nationals and their States as
"enemies" of the corporate United States. This Act originally excluded
citizens of the United States, but in the Act of March 9, 1933, Section 2 amended this to included
"any person within the United States or any place subject to the
jurisdiction thereof'. This has been used as a self-serving and transparent excuse
to commit fraud and violence against Americans who never recognized any
such "state of war" between themselves or their States and the
corporate United States and who were instead already owed full fiduciary care
under commercial equity contract (The Constitution for the united
States of America), reparations under the Lieber Code, and trusteeship from the Global Estate Trust.

44. The Maternity Act /The Sheppard-Towner Act,
1921, first foray into socialized medicine and "registration" of live births.

45. Minutes of
the Geneva Convention(s), May 1930. Declare international bankruptcy via
treaties between the G5 nations. The United States of America, Inc. was
bankrupted internationally along with the Trust Management Organizations of
four European nations including Great Britain, which caused the

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domino effect
of bankruptcy worldwide. Note that the real property assets held by each
national trust - land, vegetation, animals, natural resources, etc. - are held
in perpetual trust and are required
to be unaffected by the ups and downs of any Trust Management Organization
charged as Trustees to administer business affairs in behalf of the
beneficiaries, who are the living people who inhabit the land of each country
and continent.

47. Executive
Order 6073 issued on March 10, 1933, created the "bank holiday" and
closed the doors of the bankrupt government chartered banks (they were
bankrupted as a whole because they operated under government charter, and
because of the Great Fraud committed by the Governors of the several States, not because they were individually
bankrupt).

48. Executive
Order 6102 issued on April 5, 1933, prohibited "hoarding" gold and
required people to turn it (their private property) in to the Federal Reserve Banks (the creditors) under the false and
undisclosed presumption that they were volunteering to stand as sureties for
the debts of the United States of America, Inc.

49. Executive
Order 6111 issued on April 20, 1933, prohibited people from exporting gold.

The creditors (banks) claimed
that all the gold in private hands in the Several (now 50) States no longer
belonged to the State Citizens and other Inhabitants, as a result of having
been pledged to the State by corporate officers of the privately owned and
operated United States of America, Inc., acting as deceitfully named State
"Governors", so confiscation of privately held American gold
resources was instituted under conditions of false pretense and semantic deceit
by officers of a bankrupted privately owned and operated Trust Management
Organization and their creditors, privately owned and operated international
banks -

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the World Bank (now IMF), IBRD, and
Federal Reserve.

COMMERCIAL
REMEDY

H.J. Res 192, 73rdCongress,
First Session, principally prior enrolled as Public Law, U.S. Statutes at Large,
Vol. 1, Public Acts, 3rd Congress, 2nd Session, Chapter
48, especially 48.48.112 -This is the commercial remedy that the
perpetrators were required to create to make their confiscation of
private gold and hypothecated titles to private land and business holdings "legal".
This remedy like the underlying surreptitious hypothecation of debt and
claims against private property made by the officers of the United States of
America, Inc. against the American Nationals was never widely circulated or disclosed for obvious reasons.
Unaware of how they'd been injured and abused by those obligated to act as
their Trustees, the inhabitants of the land were equally unable to access this
remedy, which was for the government corporation to
literally pre-pay all debts owed by the foreign situs trusts created
to stand as sureties of the United States of America, Inc. Like irresponsible
teenagers promising to make the payments on a car, the US Congress
"resolved" to pay its debts in such a way that the presumed co-signers on
US Congress loans, the foreign situs trusts they named after American
Nationals - would never default, and in theory, the living American
Nationals would never be dunned or otherwise impacted by their fraudulent
semantic deceits and false claims.

In actual
practice, the voucher and coupon system which should have been
ubiquitously implemented never was, and the Internal Revenue Service, the
agency responsible for collecting taxes and dispensing credit owed to individual
accounts was split into two distinct and separate entities, the Internal Revenue Service operated by
the Federal Reserve for collecting taxes, and the IRS operated by the International Monetary Fund for dispensing credit, which colluded to
confuse and

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defraud the
living people, billing them "as if" they owed the tax bills and
forcing them to pay the debts of the make-believe foreign situs trusts operated under their names using Federal
Reserve Notes, a process that not only failed to pay the debts of these
"fictional citizens" of the corporate United States but left the
American Nationals even further in debt as a result of interest and service
fees and import duties charged by the same banks.

50. U.S.Bankruptcy
Act of 1933, especially Section 101 (11) - Declares the American People as the Creditors, and the "UnitedStates"
as the Obligator, or Debtor. This
established that the signatures of Americans are to be used as credit, and the "State" franchises of the United
States of America, Inc, d.b.a. "United
States", "State
ofOhio",
etc., and their Trustees, d.b.a. Secretary of the Treasury of Puerto Rico,
Custodian of Alien Property, Comptroller of the Currency, etc., were
to discharge all debts.

51.
"Charges Against Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Bank System,
The Comptroller of the Currency and Secretary of the United States Treasury
brought by Congressman Louis T. McFadden, May 23, 1933, Co-Chair of House
Banking Committee, US Congressional Record, pp. 4055-4058"

52 The
Naturalization Act of 1935. More deceitful efforts to entrap American Nationals
and claim that they were "US
citizens" subject to the whims of the "US CONGRESS".

53. 49 Statute
3097 Treaty Series 881 (Convention on Rights and Duties of States) December 26,
1933 - enacted as a result of the bankruptcies, both national and
international, by the US CONGRESS - newly redefined to operate the UNITED
STATES, INC. - replaced all
"statutory law" (Federal Code and State Statutes) with international law. That is, the
bankrupted United States of America, Inc. continued to function in
reorganization under Federal Code, but the UNITED STATES,

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INC., operated
by the IMF, operates under the Uniform Commercial Code and International
Admiralty jurisdiction.

54. Social
Security Act, 1935. Contrives under
conditions of conceit and non-disclosure to
register everyone applying for any job, public or private, and to conscript
them under these conditions to act as unpaid "voluntary" Withholding Agents in behalf of the
Puerto Rican Estate Trusts set up "in their names".

55. U.S.
Congressional Record Proceedings and Debates of the 76th Congress, Monday
August 19, 1940, Third Session, Debate of Honorable Judge Thorkelson. -
"Steps Toward British Union, A WorldState, and International
Strife." - Part 1".

56, Alien Registration Act, 1940- mandated registration of the names of all living
Americans to create estate trusts operating under their names in foreign
maritime and admiralty jurisdictions.

57. Buck Act, 1940 -"enfranchised" the ESTATES of American Nationals as
"dual citizens" of The United States of America, and the corporate
United States - and their respective franchises of the UNITED STATES, INC.
operated as "STATES of States" (See UCC 1-308 Definitions) allowed
this "enfranchisement" to stand as an excuse for claims of ownership
and controlling interest in the assets of the individual ESTATE trusts -
including the living men and women as slaves, and their private property as
chattels still presumed to be "surety" for the debts of the United
States of America, Inc. owed for the governmental services performed by the
UNTIED STAPES, INC.

58. The Bretton Woods Accords, Inclusive,
1944, succeeded until 1971 in partial restoration of the Gold and Silver
Standard, and as a secondary result, ceded
control of all the agencies, assets, departments, logos, symbols, etc., to the
UNITED NATIONS and its International Monetary Fund (IMF)
agency doing business as the UNITED STATES. All STATE OF ALASKA offices are in fact UN corporate
offices.

153

59. Hooven Allison Vs. Evatt, 65 SCt. 70,
8811,321 U.S 652.89 L.Ed.12, 52 (1945) conclusively affirmed that there are two
(2) distinctly different United States
with TWO OPPOSITE FORMS OF GOVERNMENTS.

60. United Nations Charter, 1946. (Note,
the commercial company d.b.a. UNITED NATIONS existed prior to the city­-state
being chartered as the "United Nations".)

61. Administrative Procedures Act (1946)
provides statutory admission that the ESTATES of American Nationals are the
priority creditors of the United States of America, Inc. and provides that American Nationals deemed to be
civil executors and "federal contracting officers" administering
their own ESTATES are enabled to bring administrative claims against the United States of
America, Inc. assets and also against the UNITED STATES. This is where we got two
court systems with differently styled names- "The US
District Court" and "THE US DISTRICT COURT" for
example. This was the remedy offered to the victims of the first fraud for the second fraud carried out against them
by the UNITED NATIONS and the US Bankruptcy Trustee, when they rolled the
assets of the individual foreign situs trusts
into Roman Inferior ESTATE trusts. Like the first remedy, this second remedy
was never delivered to the people. The perpetrator banking cartels
which were by now funding both the Courts and the COURTS ordered their employees to not recognize the standing and identities of
the American Nationals, conveniently laying claim to their ESTATES
without providing remedy to them for the theft of controlling interest in
their assets and misappropriation of their good faith and credit.

Court of
Michigan). "A mere statement of this fact may not seem very significant: corporations, after all, are not supposed to exercise the
governmental powers with which the Bill of Rights is concerned. But this
has been radically changed by the emergence of the public-private state. Today private institutions do exercise
governmental power; more, indeed, than 'government' itself.... We have two governments in America,
one under the Constitution and a much greater one not under the Constitution. In short, the inapplicability of
our Bill of Rights is one of the crucial facts of American life today." In
fact, American Nationals are owed the
Bill of Rights as they always
have been. "UScitizens" are NOT owed the Bill of
Rights. The problem is that we have all been self-interestedly mis­identified
as "UScitizens" a crime known as
"personage" carried out against us by individuals and
corporations in our employment and under contract to provide governmental
services.

63. Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act, 1976.
This releases all "State" laws and statutes to specifically to the Uniform Commercial Code (maritime law).
The corporate franchises calling themselves "States" continue to
publish their own copyrighted version of the Uniform Commercial Code with
addendums and label it as "Statutes"
but these have no actual enabling clause.

65. 22 CFR 92,
12-92.31 "Foreign Relationship" requires
an oath of office, and Title 8 USC 1481 states that once an oath of office
is taken, citizenship is relinquished. As a result, when American
Nationals are arbitrarily defined as "US citizens" and harassed by
agents of the corporate United States and the UNITED STATES, INC. into acting
as "Withholding Agents"; "Federal Contracting Agents"; or
members of the Armed Forces, or as Federal Employees of any stamp, they
temporarily and for as long as they
continue to act "in office" lose the protections

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and benefits
of their birthright citizenship. This "presumption
of employment" is often used by the corporate administrative tribunals
to defraud and abuse American Nationals who are owed all the protections of The
Constitution for the united
States of America and the United Nations
Declaration of Human Rights and also good faith service under contract.

72, Title 28
USC, Chapter 176, Federal Debt Collection Procedure - places all courts formerly operated by the United States of
America, Inc. in equity and commerce
venues under the (IMF) International
Monetary Fund, that is, in receivership and
acting as corporate tribunals of the IMF, including "STATE" franchise
courts.

73. UNITED STATES is a commercial corporation
chartered in France by the
International Monetary Fund, an agency of the UNITED NATIONS chartered by the Vatican.