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Original paper

Assessment of channel–aquifer interactions of open waste water channels in the Emscher area (Ruhr district, Germany) – introducing a simple mapping method for environmental and restoration assessments on the spot

Abstract

This study describes the special characteristics of channel-aquifer interactions of open waste water channels in the eastern Emscher area (Ruhr district, Germany) and introduces a simple mapping method for assessing channel-aquifer interactions on the spot. In the largely altered landscape of the Emscher area, early sewage systems were built as above ground channels. This was necessary since the surface subsidence, caused by underground coal mining activities, required easy access to waste water channels. Therefore, natural creeks were modified for use as sewers. In the mean time subsidence has mainly terminated. The open waste water channels are being replaced with underground sewage systems, while the original creeks get restored to a more natural state. In this study, special characteristics of channel–aquifer interactions were investigated on a present waste water channel in the eastern Emscher area. Five different types of channel–aquifer interactions (relating to outfall, ‘hanging bed’ and bank filtration) are described. Indications are given for environmental assessments and restoration. Furthermore a simple mapping method for assessing channel–aquifer interactions is introduced. This method is based on a mapping of the quality of the joints between the bed plates and the occurrence of slope springs.