Environmental biologist
Peter Kevan, a professor from the University of Guelph in Canada, said
it is a fact that, due in part to pesticide use, there is a growing global
scarcity of bees and insects, and that these pollinators are required
to produce most of the world's fruits, nuts, grains and vegetables. It
seems logical, then, that crop production and world commodity markets
would be affected by the lack of pollinators and that it would be possible
to attach a dollar amount to the losses. "Nonetheless, there is little
information on how the shortage is affecting the costs of food production,"
he said. "There must be economic implications, and we should be able
to figure out what it is costing the consumer, who is benefiting from
the losses and who is not."

So Dr. Kevan, along
with professor Truman Phillips of the department of Agricultural Economics
and Business, developed a model that can be used to measure some of the
economic effects of pollinator deficits on traded commodities such as
fruits and vegetables. The model was introduced in a paper published by
Conservation Ecology. The model is complex and takes into account variables
such as the product, whether the country is an exporter or importer, trade
situations and market conditions. The researchers were able to make some
preliminary tests of the model by using data collected from several different
commodities. Although the costs varied depending on the data, and in some
instances, producers actually experienced gains when there were crop declines
resulting in higher prices, the bottom line was clear, Dr. Kevan said.
"The economic impact of pollinator declines show that, in all cases,
the consumer is hurt."

"These are just
the minuscule beginnings. There simply aren't the data or information
out there to really show what the economic impacts are. But those we do
have indicate that serious problems for world food supply, security and
trade could be in the offing if current declines in pollinator abundance,
diversity and availability are not reversed."

The world's pollinator
shortage is the result of a series of complicated factors that go beyond
a simple lack of bees, he said. But that is where the problem starts.
"The changes in agricultural styles, chemicals and pesticides have
taken a tremendous toll. And even if the pollinators survive, there are
fewer and fewer places for them to live. Most of their natural places
- holes, logs - have been cleaned up. Their natural habitat was gone a
long time ago."

Dr. Kevan said he
hopes the model he and Phillips developed will at least prompt some interest
and further investigation into both the lack of pollinators and the economic
effect of the shortage.