The Endoskeleton: The Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebral Column and Ribs

General Considerations on the Endoskeleton

Anatomy and Embryonic Origin of Vertebrae and Ribs

Vertebral Columns of Some Archaic Fishes

Vertebral Column of the Dogfish

Vertebral Column of Teleosts

Endoskeletal Fin Supports of Fishes

Vertebral Column of Amphibia

Vertebral Column of Reptiles and Amniotes in General

Vertebral Column of Birds

Vertebral Column of Mammals

The Endoskeleton: The Comparative Anatomy of the Girdles, the Sternum, and the Paired Appendages

General Considerations

The Pelvic Girdle and the Posterior Appendages

The Pectoral Girdle, the Sternum, and the Anterior Paired Appendages

Some Variation of the Appendicular Skeleton in Tetrapods

The Endoskeleton: The Comparative Anatomy of the Skull and the Visceral Skeleton

Introduction: The Concept of the Skull

The Chondrocranium

The Splachnocranium

The Dermatocranium

The Composition of the Complete Skull: Characterization of the Primitive Tetrapod Skull

The Teeth

The Modern Amphibian Skull Exemplified by Necturus

The Reptilian Skull Exemplified by the Alligator or Caiman

The Mammalian Skull Exemplified by the Opossum and the Cat

The Comparative Anatomy of the Muscular System

Generalized Vertebrate Musculature as Exemplified by the Dogfish

Early Tetrapod Musculature, Exemplified by Necturus

Reptilian Musculature

Avian Musculature

Mammalian Musculature

The Comparative Anatomy of the Coelom and of the Digestive and Respiratory Systems

The Coelom and Mesenteries

The Digestive Tract and Associated Structures

Respiratory Structures

The Alimentary Canal

The Coelom and the Digestive and Respiratory Systems of Elasmobranchs

The Respiratory and Digestive Systems of a Bony Fish

The Coelom and the Digestive and Respiratory Systems of Necturus

The Coelom and the Digestive and Respiratory Systems of the Turtle

The Coelom and the Digestive and Respiratory Systems of the Pigeon

The Coelom and the Digestive and Respiratory Systems of Mammals

The Comparative Anatomy of the Circulatory System

Parts of the Circulatory System

Development of the Vascular System

Structure and Evolution of the Vascular System

Functional Anatomy and Evolution of the Heart

Special Adaptations of the Vascular System

The Circulatory System of Elasmobranchs

The Circulatory System of Necturus

The Circulatory System of the Turtle

The Circulatory System of the Pigeon

The Circulatory System of Mammals

The Comparative Anatomy of the Urogenital System

The Urogenital System of Selachians

The Urogenital System of Necturus

The Urogenital System of the Turtle

The Urogenital System of the Pigeon

The Urogenital System of Mammals

The Comparative Anatomy of the Nervous System and the Sense Organs

General Considerations

The Nervous System and Sense Organs of Elasmobranchs

The Nervous System and Sense Organs of the Perch (Perca)

The Nervous System and Sense Organs of Necturus

The Nervous System and Sense Organs of the Painted Turtle (Chrysemys)

The Nervous System and Sense Organs of the Pigeon

The Nervous System and Sense Organs of Mammals

List of Contributors

Index

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