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send autogenerated Email without form and stay on page

I know this is a widely covered subject, but I kept searching the Web and couldn't find a solution for my specific problem.

What I am trying to do with jQuery/AJAX (as mentioned in the title):

I DON'T want any sort of Form that the user can fill out.
I just want a button (some HTML-Element) that when clicked sends an automatically generated mail to a predefined addess.
Neither the content nor the subject or anything else needs to be "filled in" by the viewer/user.

There will only be one JS-variable (a client-side script will insert the right value) that should be put somewhere in the content of the Email. (see "myVar" in Code)

On clicking the button, the mail should be sent, the button should be replaced by a "Thanks whatever..."-message and that's IT! No redirecting to another page or whatnot.

I would first try to send a very basic email from your site. I have no idea what your environment looks like, but you might need to configure the mail server if you have one. Are you using a hosting company or hosting the site yourself?

Try to see if this code will deliver an email to you (change the to and from email addresses obviously)