Overall the diets of Australian schoolchildren are suboptimal, with high intakes of saturated fat, sugars and sodium, but differences in nutrient and food intake on school versus non-school days has not been assessed. This information could help inform targeted healthy eating strategies for the school and home environment. The aim ...

Arcand JoAnne J From the Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, - - 2014

Dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) increase the risk of heart disease. In 2007, Canada set voluntary TFA limits for industrial TFAs added to food and encouraged substitution of TFAs with unsaturated fats during reformulation. No longitudinal follow-up assessment of TFA amounts in foods has occurred in Canada since termination of ...

Excess consumption of palatable food has been shown to affect reward-related brain regions, and pharmaceutical treatments for drug addiction may also be effective in treating overeating of such foods. The GABA-B agonist baclofen and opioid antagonist naltrexone have both been used to treat addiction, and have been shown to suppress ...

As a result of civil war, an estimated 2.8 million refugees have fled Syria and reside in neighboring countries, mainly Lebanon, Turkey, Jordan, and Iraq. The largest Syrian refugee camp in the region is Zaatari camp in Jordan, with approximately 79,000 refugees; another estimated 500,000 Syrian refugees live in Jordanian ...

To evaluate the effects on fruit and vegetable (FV) intake of a camp-based intervention to improve the food environment. The intervention was evaluated in a variant of the recurrent institutional cycle design in a sample of 311 youth aged 7 to 13 years. FV intake and targeted environmental variables were ...

We study the effects of introducing a competing species into a 3-species model for the population dynamics of sockeye salmon, thereby converting a food chain into a diamond module. We find that this often leads to the disappearance of the 4-year oscillation of sockeye salmon known as cyclic dominance when ...

Bariatric or weight loss surgery (WLS) patients are overrepresented in substance abuse treatment, constituting about 3% of admissions; about 2/3 of such patients deny problematic substance use prior to WLS. It is important to advance our understanding of the emergence of substance use disorders (SUDs) - particularly the New Onset ...

De Santis Michael M Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia; Centre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, - - 2014

Following on the success of Aripiprazole with its high clinical efficacy and minimal side-effects, further antipsychotic drugs (such as Bifeprunox) have been developed based on the same dopamine D2 partial agonist pharmacological profile as Aripiprazole. However clinical trials of Bifeprunox have found differing results to that of its predecessor, without ...

Beginning in 2009, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) revised its food packages and provided more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables and fewer foods with high saturated fat content. However, knowledge of the impact of this policy shift on the diets of WIC participants remains ...

Most adults consume more fat and saturated fat than is recommended in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Strategies are needed to encourage consumption of lower-fat foods. We set out to examine whether adding herbs and spices to reduced fat and reduced saturated fat foods would improve the consumer liking of ...

Scheid Jennifer L JL Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical - - 2014

Food reinforcement (RRVfood) is related to increased energy intake, cross-sectionally related to obesity, and prospectively related to weight gain. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is related to elevated body mass index and increased energy intake. The primary purpose of the current study was to determine whether any of ...

Craving and liking are related to eating-related problems, but less is known about the association of specific food characteristics (e.g., sugar, fat) with craving/linking. The relation of individual differences in eating behavior with these craving and liking patterns is also relatively unknown. We examine the nomothetic impact of sugar, fat ...

Baker P P National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, - - 2014

This paper elucidates the role of processed foods and beverages in the 'nutrition transition' underway in Asia. Processed foods tend to be high in nutrients associated with obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases: refined sugar, salt, saturated and trans-fats. This paper identifies the most significant 'product vectors' for these nutrients and ...

Binge eating palatable foods has been shown to have behavioral and neurochemical similarities to drug addiction. GS 455534 is a highly selective reversible aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 inhibitor that has been shown to reduce alcohol and cocaine intake in rats. Given the overlaps between binge eating and drug abuse, we examined ...

This article describes an assessment of nutrition of families resident in temporary accommodation. A questionnaire and a 24-hour food diary were completed by the main care provider of each family. The findings demonstrated that adults in temporary accommodation were eating higher proportions of carbohydrates, protein, sugar and fat, and families ...

Taste perception elicited by food constituents and facilitated by sensory cells in the oral cavity is important for the survival of organisms. In addition to the five basic taste modalities, sweet, umami, bitter, sour, and salty, orosensory perception of stimuli such as fat constituents is intensely investigated. Experiments in rodents ...

Smith Simon S SS Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. Electronic address: - - 2014

Excess weight and obesity are factors that are strongly associated with risk for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA). Weight loss has been associated with improvements in clinical indicators of OSA severity; however, patients' beliefs about diet change have not been investigated. This study utilized a validated behaviour change model to estimate ...

Liese Angela D AD 1 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, - - 2014

To evaluate the relative validity and reliability of the SEARCH FFQ that was modified from the Block Kids Questionnaire. Study participants completed the eighty-five-item FFQ twice plus three 24 h dietary recalls within one month. We estimated correlations between frequencies obtained from participants with the true usual intake for food ...

The hedonic value of food has been conceptualised as a combination of how much a food is liked and how much a food is wanted in a given moment. These psychobiological constructs help to explain choices about which foods to eat and have a primary role in how much energy ...

Aims:Although previous research has shown the Food Dudes Programme increases children's lunchtime fruit and vegetable consumption, research has seldom evaluated whether the intervention can decrease the consumption of high-fat and high-sugar foods. This study is the first, independent evaluation of the Food Dudes Programme to explore whether the programme could ...

Concession stands at high school events are exempt from the US Department of Agriculture regulations for school foods. Concessions are generally stocked with unhealthy foods since healthy foods are believed to have lower sales and profit margins. Concession stand sales for two seasons of high school fall sports in Muscatine, ...

In 2007, Nassau County, New York, restricted the use of artificial trans fats in food establishments licensed by the Nassau County Department of Health (NCDH). The regulation took effect April 1, 2008. This study assesses first-time inspection compliance rates with the trans fat ban and examines barriers to enforcement. A ...

Trans fats, also known as partially hydrogenated oils, have long been associated with cardiovascular disease. In 2003, the Food and Drug Administration mandated that trans fat content of ≥0.5 g be listed on food labeling; the next year, the World Health Organization released a recommended daily limit on trans fat ...

Cohen Joshua T JT Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health and the Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: - - 2014

The goal of this commentary was to compare the benefits and costs of the US Food and Drug Administration's proposed ban on artificial trans fats in US food versus other public health risks and interventions. This analysis assessed the remaining risk posed by artificial trans fats versus other risks, comparing ...

The concern for food safety has led to an increased interest in the development of novel antimicrobials. Keeping this aim in mind, we have investigated the antifungal effect of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs LR14) produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strain LR/14 against four spoilage fungi, namely, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Mucor racemosus ...

Oral sensory perception may play an important role in food preferences, driving food intake and energy balance. Fat perceived in oral cavity has been associated with satiety and homeostatic signals. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that fat oral-intensity perception may be associated with BMI, food ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total and types of dairy product intake and risk of developing incident type 2 diabetes, using a food diary. A nested case-cohort within the EPIC-Norfolk Study was examined, including a random subcohort (n = 4,000) and cases of incident diabetes (n = 892, ...

Boutelle Kerri N KN Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego. Electronic address: - - 2014

There are a number of neurocognitive and behavioral mechanisms that contribute to overeating and obesity, including an attentional bias to food cues. Attention modification programs, which implicitly train attention away from specific cues, have been used in anxiety and substance abuse, and could logically be applied to food cues. The ...

Americans' consumption of sodium, fat, and saturated fat exceed federally recommended limits for these nutrients and has been identified as a preventable leading cause of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. More than 40 % of the Bronx population comprises African-Americans, who have increased risk and earlier onset of hypertension and are also ...

The Italian 14 century poet, Dante Alighieri, while travelling through Hell, met a man called Ciacco who had been sent there for the sin of gluttony. While we no longer condemn fat people to Hell, most consider obesity to be a personal failing and to be the result of a ...

The use of dietary fibers as fat-replacers in sausages gives less energy-dense and thereby healthier foods. Also, dietary fibers have been shown to induce satiety. The objectives of this study were to investigate if appetite sensations and energy intake was affected by (1) addition of dietary fibers to sausages, (2) ...

The Italian 14 century poet, Dante Alighieri, while travelling through Hell, met a man called Ciacco who had been sent there for the sin of gluttony. While we no longer condemn fat people to Hell, most consider obesity to be a personal failing and to be the result of a ...

Walton J J School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, - - 2014

The European Commission has identified schools as a priority setting for health promotion, including nutrition education and intervention. The present study examined the school-day diet of Irish primary-school children with the aim of identifying opportunities for dietary improvement. Data from The National Children's Food Survey (2003-2004) were used to establish ...

Axel Claudia C School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, - - 2014

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role as natural preservatives in fermented food and beverage systems, reducing the application of chemical additives. Thus, investigating their antifungal compounds, such as cyclic dipeptides, has gained prominence. Previous research has primarily focussed on isolation of these compounds. However, their precise quantification will ...

Purines of exogenous and endogenous sources are degraded to uric acid in human beings. Concentrations >6.8 mg uric acid/dl serum cause hyperuricemia and its symptoms. Pharmaceuticals and the reduction of the intake of purine-rich food are used to control uric acid levels. A novel approach to the latter proposition is ...

The desire to consume high volumes of fat is thought to originate from an evolutionary pressure to hoard calories, and fat is among the few energy sources that we can store over a longer time period. From an ecological perspective, however, it would be beneficial to detect fat from a ...

India is undergoing a shift in consumption from traditional foods to processed foods high in sugar, salt and fat. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVOs) high in trans-fat are often used in processed foods in India given their low cost and extended shelf life. The World Health Organization has called for ...

This paper reviews the current literature around the environmental impacts of dietary recommendations. The focus of the review is on collating evidence relating to environmental impacts of the dietary advice found in the World Health Organisation guidelines, and environmental impact literature: reducing the consumption of fat, reducing the consumption of ...

Rehm Colin D CD Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of - - 2014

American adults consume 11.3% of total daily calories from foods and beverages from fast food restaurants. The contribution of different types of fast food restaurants to the diets of US children is unknown. To estimate the consumption of energy, sodium, added sugars, and solid fats among US children ages 4-19 ...

Fat-containing food waste can be effectively treated in a new type of reactor, the so-called BIOPAQ-Anaerobic Flotation Reactor or BIOPAQ(®) anaerobic flotation reactor (AFR). In the reactor a flotation unit is integrated to retain the sludge. In this study results from two plants with a 430 and 511 m(3)-AFR, respectively, ...

Snack food like potato chips substantially contributes to energy intake in humans. In contrast to basic food, snacks are consumed additionally to other meals and may thereby lead to non-homeostatic energy intake. Snack food is also frequently associated with hedonic hyperphagia, a food intake independent from hunger. Analysis of brain ...

Increasing demand of shea products (kernels and butter) has led to the assessment of the state-of-the-art of these products. In this review, attention has been focused on macronutrients and micronutrients of pulp, kernels, and butter of shea tree and also the physicochemical properties of shea butter. Surveying the literature revealed ...

Beef is a nutrient-rich, high-quality protein containing all the essential amino acids in proportions similar to those found in human skeletal muscle. In order to investigate the efficacy of a beef supplementation strategy on strength and body composition, we recruited 26 young healthy adults to participate in a resistance-training program ...

Chronic low-back pain (CLBP) and obesity are interrelated but the physiological mechanisms linking the two conditions remain to be determined. Functional brain imaging data from CLBP patients show functional and structural alterations in areas mediating the attribution of hedonic value to food. Accordingly, we hypothesized that CLBP patients would exhibit ...

We examine the concentrations and food web biomagnification of three cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) using aquatic biota collected from Lake Erie. Concentrations of cVMS in biota were within the range reported for other studies of cVMS in aquatic biota. Trophic magnification factors (TMF) ...