We have characterized the emission spectrum and temporal history of a pure potassium plasma in a capillary discharge. Strong broadband emission was observed around 40 nm due to 3s−3p, 3p−3d, and 3d−4f transitions in ions ...

Measurements of the total ion emission from a pair of colliding laser-produced aluminium plasmas were obtained with the aid of a Faraday cup detector. The energy profile width at half height of the kinetic energy distribution ...

The expansion dynamics of ion and neutral species in laterally colliding laser produced aluminium plasmas have been investigated using time and space resolved optical emission spectroscopy and spectrally and angularly ...

We have demonstrated rare-earth plasma extreme ultraviolet sources at 6.7 nm to investigate the spectral behavior and the conversion efficiencies to different laser wavelength and the initial target densities. The conversion ...

Plasmas containing gadolinium have been proposed as sources for next generation lithography at 6.x nm. To determine the optimum plasma conditions, atomic structure calculations have been performed for Gd11+ to Gd27+ ions ...