When individual efforts are pooled and not evaluated, evaluation apprehension is __________ and the probability of social loafing is __________.

Based on research cited in the text, who is most likely to honk aggressively at someone stopped at a green light?

Sanders, Baron, and Moor (1978) have explained social facilitation by noting that a conflict occurs between paying attention to others and paying attention to the task at hand. They named this explanation ______.

who are made self-aware, by acting in front of a mirror or TV camera, for example, have been found to

Norman Triplett is to _____ as Irving Janis is to ______.

Consistent with the social facilitation effect, Michaels and collaborators (1982) found that when weak pool players in the student union were observed, they did ____ than when they did not know they were being observed.

Kala's grandparents immigrated from Europe. Kala holds such a strong belief that her ethnic group is superior to all others that she could accurately be described as being

In Hamilton and Gifford's (1976) study, students were told that various members of "Group A" or "Group B" did either something desirable or something undesirable. While many more statements described members of Group A than Group B, both groups were associated with nine desirable behaviors for every four undesirable behaviors. Results indicated

Mr. Watson's belief that Blacks are lazy is an example of ____. His refusal to rent an apartment to a Black family is an example of ____.

Prejudice is a

Consistent with the phenomenon of the greatest prejudice occurring in the most intimate social realms, a national 1994 survey of Americans found that ____ percent would shop at a store owned by a homosexual, and ____ percent would see a homosexual doctor.

Because we are sensitive to distinctive events, the simultaneous occurrence of two such events is especially noticeable. Our attentiveness to unusual occurrences can create

Although most suspects in cases of incest, child molestation, and sexual abuse are heterosexual males, the local newspaper omits the word "heterosexual" in any related headline. In contrast, whenever a self-described gay male is arrested for a crime, the headline proclaims "homosexual arrested" in the case. The resulting prejudice that gay males are more likely to commit violent crimes can in part be blamed on

Consistent with the theory that there are biochemical influences on aggression, research has found that violent people are ____ likely to drink and to become _____ when intoxicated.

Research on alcohol and aggression has indicated that

a. over half of rapists surveyed report they had been drinking before committing their offense.
b. people who have been drinking commit more than half of all homicides.
c. in experiments, intoxicated people administer stronger shocks.

Bradshaw's books on "reclaiming your inner child" suggest techniques that are consistent with what social psychologists call

Studies of hormonal influences on aggression indicate that

In Schachter and Singer's classic 1962 study, participants injected with adrenaline were exposed to either an angry or a euphoric confederate. Participants who expected the injection to make them feel _____ became _____ when placed with the angry confederate.

According to Albert Bandura, an important influence on one's tendency to be aggressive is

Displaced aggression is most likely when the target _____ to the instigator

shares some similarity

Your boss just told you that she is giving you a 5 percentt raise starting with your next paycheck. You are very pleased to hear this good news until you learn that some of your coworkers earned a 10 percent raise. Now you are unhappy and angry about your raise. Your experience is best explained in terms of

After arguing with her boyfriend Peter over the telephone, Roberta smashes down the receiver and then throws the phone across the room. This behavior most clearly demonstrates

According to Myers, American and British leaders in 2003 justified attacking Iraq not as a hostile effort to kill Iraqis, but as an instrumental act of liberation and of self-defense against presumed weapons of mass destruction. Social psychologists would consider this an example of _____ aggression.

Compared to the national rate, abused children are _______ times _______ likely to abuse their own children.

Violent crimes are more likely

Arvid didn't work very hard on his last class essay assignment, so he was relieved at first to find he'd gotten a "C" on it. But when he learned that most of his classmates had gotten "B's" and "A's", he felt unhappy and angry about his grade. Arvid's experience is best explained in terms of

Eros is to _____ as storge is to _____.

The tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more after repeated exposure to them is referred to as

Some years ago, a mysterious student enveloped in a big black bag began attending a speech class at a state university. While the teacher knew "Black Bag's" identity, the other students did not. As the semester progressed, the students' attitude toward Black Bag changed from hostility to curiosity to friendship. What may best explain the students' change in attitude?

According to the _____ hypothesis, people are attracted to those whose needs are different in ways that complete each other.

comparison to women, men fall in love more _____ and out of love more _____.

Rosalinda, who is attractive, very intelligent, and high in social status, marries Jorge, who is also attractive, very intelligent, and high in social status. Their relationship is best understood as an example of

Penny has just arrived as a new student on campus and does not know anyone. All else being equal, is she most likely to become friends with Joni who lives next door, with Crissy who lives two doors down, with Beth who lives three doors down, or with Helda who lives in the room directly above?

Brent is a White man who has been given a choice to work with Darwin or Ken. Darwin is a Black man who shares many of Brent's values and attitudes. Ken is a White man who shares little in common with Brent. Who will Brent like most and want to work with?

Williams and colleagues (2001) have found that when our need to belong is thwarted by ostracism, we respond with all of the following EXCEPT

In experiments by Zajonc and his coworkers, participants were exposed to brief novel passages of music while they focused their attention on other tasks. Results indicated that mere exposure leads to liking

Which theory specifically predicts that we will be more altruistic toward our relatives than toward close friends?

According to the text, people in a hurry may be less willing to help because

When Piliavin (1969) and colleagues staged an emergency—a staggering, collapsing man—on 103 subway trips, they found that the victim was promptly offered assistance almost every time, even when he appeared to be drunk rather than disabled. Further research seems to confirm that bystander helpfulness was due at least in part to

According to the text, individuals who identify as ______ in terms of spiritual commitment were most likely to report working among the poor, infirm, or elderly.

Confederates who were dressed either conservatively or in counterculture garb approached either "straight" or "hip" college students and asked for change to make a phone call. Results of this experiment confirmed a _____ bias in helping.

Bystanders will inhibit helping most under which of the following conditions?

While walking down the street with your friend Sabrina the other day, she stopped to ask a child why he was crying. The boy said that he was lost, so Sabrina took time out of her busy day to help the child find his way home. Sarbrina's behavior can be characterized by

DeBruine (2002) found that when students played an interactive game with a supposed other player, participants were ______ when the other person's pictured face had some features of their own face morphed into it

In a study by Latané and Rodin (1969), a female experimenter apparently fell and hurt her ankle. When pairs of strangers confronted the emergency, what percentage offered help?

Schaller and Cialdini (1988) told participants who felt sad over a suffering victim that their sadness was going to be relieved by listening to a comedy tape. Under these conditions, participants who felt empathy for the victim

Ninety percent of those who have received the Carnegie medal for heroism in saving human life have been

The research on gender and helping norms reveals that men offered more help when the persons in need were _____, and women offered help _____.

Latané and Darley (1968) had university students complete questionnaires in a small room, and then had smoke pour into the room from a wall vent. Students who were working _____tended to notice the smoke _____.

When are you more likely to be persuaded?

The _____ route to persuasion occurs when interested people focus on arguments.

Suzy is interested in purchasing a DVD player and is overwhelmed by the many different models available at her local electronics store. She decides to purchase a shiny, metallic-looking model, as it is the best-looking one in the store. Suzy has been persuaded to purchase this particular DVD player because of the _____route to persuasion.

When the fear aroused by a persuasive message is relevant to a pleasurable activity (e.g., sex or smoking), the result according to Aronson (1997) is often

In your marketing class, your assignment is to create an advertisement that will encourage people to buy brand X nicotine patch over brand Y nicotine patch. Given your knowledge of persuasion, which strategy would be most effective?

an ad that reads "Lung cancer kills," along with a suggestion that patch X is an effective strategy for quitting smoking

Chaiken and Eagly (1976) have found that when a message was difficult to comprehend, persuasion was greatest when the message was

People with _____ self-esteem are the easiest to influence.

Two suspects are arrested for allegedly committing a crime. The police tell them that if one confesses, the confessor will be set free and the other one will be convicted of the crime. The suspects are confronted with