TY - JOUR
T1 - Ongoing unraveling of a continental fauna: Decline and extinction of Australian mammals since European settlement
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
JO - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
SP - 4531
LP - 4540
DO - 10.1073/pnas.1417301112
VL - 112
IS - 15
AU - Woinarski, John C. Z.
AU - Burbidge, Andrew A.
AU - Harrison, Peter L.
Y1 - 2015/04/14
UR - http://www.pnas.org/content/112/15/4531.abstract
N2 - The island continent of Australia harbors much of the world’s most distinctive biodiversity, but this review describes an extent of recent and ongoing loss of its mammal fauna that is exceptionally high and appreciably greater than previously recognized. The causes of loss are dissimilar to those responsible for most biodiversity decline elsewhere in the world.The highly distinctive and mostly endemic Australian land mammal fauna has suffered an extraordinary rate of extinction (&gt;10% of the 273 endemic terrestrial species) over the last ∼200 y: in comparison, only one native land mammal from continental North America became extinct since European settlement. A further 21% of Australian endemic land mammal species are now assessed to be threatened, indicating that the rate of loss (of one to two extinctions per decade) is likely to continue. Australia’s marine mammals have fared better overall, but status assessment for them is seriously impeded by lack of information. Much of the loss of Australian land mammal fauna (particularly in the vast deserts and tropical savannas) has been in areas that are remote from human population centers and recognized as relatively unmodified at global scale. In contrast to general patterns of extinction on other continents where the main cause is habitat loss, hunting, and impacts of human development, particularly in areas of high and increasing human population pressures, the loss of Australian land mammals is most likely due primarily to predation by introduced species, particularly the feral cat, Felis catus, and European red fox, Vulpes vulpes, and changed fire regimes.
ER -