Sample answers are offered below

Did you find many points to make notes on? This lesson starts to explore in more detail how Esperanto works. This is its genius. It has ‘roots’ i.e. basic ideas which may in essence be names of things. For example the root ‘feri‘ is a day off work, a holiday (originally a holy day!) The root ‘feri‘ takes an ‘O’ ending to emphasise this. Traditionally we would call it a noun. John Wells’ dictionary lists it as ‘feri/o’ to show its root meaning. But the ‘root meaning’ may in essence describe things or situations. For example the root ‘laŭt‘ means ‘loud’ and takes an ‘A’ ending to confirm this. Traditionally we would call it an adjective. A third group of ‘roots’ points to actions. For example ‘ven’, listed ‘ven/i’ in dictionaries. Traditionally we would call it a verb.

Only rarely do these kind of roots appear without their confirmatory ‘ending’ or ‘category’. This is explained later in the course. Do all ideas or ‘roots’ in Esperanto need to take a confirmatory ending like this? If you have been studying the vocabulary following Lesson 12, you will know the answer is no. Indeed you have already met some – al, ankaŭ, ankoraŭ, antaŭ etc. Sometimes called ‘wordlets’ for fun this mystery also will be explored later.

Note : Without a context the meaning of some English words may be ambiguous. For these exercises the context of the lesson itself should be assumed. As elsewhere bold letters are a reminder of where the stress falls.

1. Estas interese, ke Johano estas hejme. – It is interesting John is at home.