In this fascinating edition of Scientia, we celebrate the ways in which cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology have illuminated our understanding of life on Earth in addition to advancing our healthcare. We showcase the work of three researchers, each dedicated to improving our health into old-age, by investigating the biochemistry behind the ageing process. By investigating the nuts and bolts of these diseases at the cellular and molecular levels, the scientists behind these projects are opening the door to targeted therapies.