Admitted:1992, California and U.S. District Court, Southern District of California; 1993, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of California and U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth and Ninth Circuits; 1994, U.S. District Court, Northern District of California; 1995, Minnesota, U.S. District Court, District of Minnesota and U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit; 1999, Virginia and U.S. District Court, Eastern and Western Districts of Virginia

Admitted:1981, Texas and U.S. District Court, Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western Districts of Texas; 1986, District of Columbia, Virginia, U.S. District Court, Eastern and Western Districts of Virginia and U.S. Supreme Court; U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth, Fifth and Ninth Circuits

Admitted:1988, Pennsylvania and New Jersey; 1992, U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit; 1996, Virginia; 1998, U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit; 2007, U.S. District Court, Eastern and Western Districts of Virginia