State ranks high in opioid-related hospital visits

Published 6:43 pm, Monday, March 20, 2017

Dr. Gail DOnofrio, chief of emergency medicine at Yale New Haven Hospital. Yale’s emergency department is one of many in the state to see a high number of opioid related visits.

Dr. Gail DOnofrio, chief of emergency medicine at Yale New Haven Hospital. Yale’s emergency department is one of many in the state to see a high number of opioid related visits.

Photo: Connecticut Health I-Team / Lisa Chedekel

State ranks high in opioid-related hospital visits

1 / 1

Back to Gallery

In less than eight hours last June, Yale New Haven Hospital’s emergency department treated 12 patients who had overdosed on opioids.

Three died; nine were saved.

With opioids in wide circulation, that one-day spike might not stand as a record for long, said Dr. Gail D’Onofrio, chief of emergency medicine at the hospital and chair of emergency medicine at Yale School of Medicine.

“To be honest, no, I don’t expect the numbers to get better,” D’Onofrio said. “We’re going to have more treatment options in Connecticut, I think, more safe prescribing — but I don’t know that we’ll see improvements in the numbers of people using.”

D’Onofrio’s concerns are borne out in a recent report by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality that ranks Connecticut the fifth-highest among 30 states in the rate of opioid-related emergency department visits — 254.6 per 100,000 population in 2014, well above the national rate of 177.7. For inpatient stays related to opioid use, the state ranked seventh-highest among 44 states, at 337.5 stays per 100,000, above the national rate of 224.6.

Opioid use rising

Leading in emergency department visits was Massachusetts, followed by Maryland, Rhode Island and Ohio. States with the lowest rates were Iowa, with just 45.1 visits per 100,000 population, Nebraska and South Dakota.

The hospital data comes as the state medical examiner’s office reported that 917 people died from overdoses in 2016 — a 25 percent increase over 2015. The largest increase involved the synthetic opioid fentanyl, which was responsible for the June overdoses at Yale New Haven.

Experts said that while fentanyl, which is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine, is not a ‘new’ drug, its availability outside of medical settings has skyrocketed. The dual use of opioids and benzodiazepines is also fueling the death rate, they said; in Connecticut, the tranquilizers are involved in nearly half of fatal overdoses.

In October, a Yale-led group convened by Gov. Dannel Malloy issued a report recommending ways to reduce overdose deaths. The CORE (Connecticut Opioid REsponse) report, of which D’Onofrio was a co-author, calls for increasing access to treatment, especially with the medication buprenorphine, which reduces opioid cravings; targeting overdose survivors for education and treatment programs; increasing physician adherence to prescribing guidelines; and increasing access to overdose-reversing naloxone, among other initiatives.

According to the CORE report, the number of non-fatal, opioid-related overdoses treated at Connecticut’s acute-care hospitals increased from 895 in 2012, to 1,217 in 2014 — a 36 percent jump.

Solutions eyed

D’Onofrio said that, given that illicit opioid addiction often stems from a medical prescription, one key to reducing use is educating and closely monitoring prescribers. The state report shows that a small subset — about 10 percent — of prescribers write out more than 500 controlled-substance prescriptions a year. It recommends identifying prescribers who provide patients with high amounts or dosages of opioids.

The state has passed a number of laws intended to combat the opioid epidemic, including requiring first responders to carry Narcan (an opioid antidote also known as Naloxone), limiting initial opioid prescriptions to seven-day supplies in most cases, and requiring pharmacies to enter information about controlled substances into the electronic Connecticut Prescription Monitoring and Reporting System by the next business day.

Malloy recently proposed several new measures, including requiring all opiate prescriptions to be filled out electronically, and encouraging state agencies to share information on opiate prescribing. Some lawmakers have proposed even tougher restrictions, including barring primary-care providers from prescribing opioids and requiring health insurers to cover long-term addiction treatment.

On the federal level, a group of senators, including Connecticut’s Richard Blumenthal and Chris Murphy, recently re-introduced the Budgeting for Opioid Addiction Treatment Act which would establish a funding stream to expand addiction treatment from a tax equal to one cent per milligram on the sale of active opioids b a manufacturer or importer.

D’Onofrio said there is no ‘typical’ opioid user, so targeting interventions to certain populations is difficult. The Yale emergency department has treated professors, lawyers, housewives and homeless people for opioid addiction. Statistics from the state medical examiner’s office show that about 75 percent of the 2016 overdose deaths were of men and 78 percent were white, with ages ranging from 17 to 73. About half were in their 30s and 40s.

For now, D’Onofrio said, expanding access to naloxone is critical.

“I think we really need to get as much Narcan out into the world as possible,” she said. “If I had my way? It would be in every Starbucks.”

C-HIT is hosting a free Community Forum on women and opioid addiction on April 6 in New Britain. For information and to register, go to c-hit.org or click here.