Cardinal (1875), Archbishop of Westminster. He was educated at Harrow and Balliol, Oxford, where he was noted for his gift of oratory; after graduating with first honours in classics, he entered the Colonial office. He returned to Oxford and was elected a Fellow of Merton. He received Anglican orders and in 1833 was chosen rector of Lavington, Sussex, where he married Caroline Sargent, and in 1841 was appointed Archdeacon of Chichester. For many years he labored, reforming abuses and succouring the poor. He became a leader of the High Church Party, but the discussions of the Tractarian movement were bringing forth doctrinal and historical difficulties that were already shaking his faith in Anglicanism. The Gorham Judgment of 1850 of the Privy Council associating the Established Church with downright heresy brought about a crisis and he became a Catholic on 6 April1851, and was ordained a few months later. In 1857 he established the Oblates of Saint Charles and was named provost of the Westminster Metropolitan chapter with the majority of which, supported by Archbishop Errington, he was soon unwillingly involved in controversy. On 8 June1865 he was consecrated as successor to Cardinal Wiseman. His theological controversies abated somewhat after his replies to the opponents of the Vatican Council. To his zeal in the cause of elementary religious education he added in his later days his efforts on behalf of the labouring classes, the poor, and the outcast. His League of the Cross advanced the cause of temperance, and in 1889 he successfully mediated between the employers and workers in the great London Dock strike. In addition to his published sermons, Eternal Priesthood and “Temporal Mission of the Holy Ghost are notable contributions from his pen.