For almost all of its length, I-575 has two lanes in each direction, with a road median of grass, along with crepe myrtle (a locally-common landscaping tree) or wildflowers, both of which are summer-flowering. Each direction has one truck lane for climbing uphill (mile 12 to 13 northbound, mile 10 to 9 southbound), two extended acceleration lanes (north from Towne Lake Parkway and south from Marietta Highway), and two auxiliary lanes (connecting Bells Ferry and Chastain Roads).

I-575 crosses the Little River between Woodstock and Holly Springs, and has four bridges over the Etowah River in northeastern Canton, as it flows under the southern half of the Riverstone Parkway (former SR 5) exit. It also crosses Noonday Creek between Barrett Parkway and Chastain Road, at the northeast corner of Town Center at Cobbregional mall. That stream roughly follows the freeway northward on the east side of the road, passing alongside the northbound ramp to SR 92, and then crossing back under to the northwest just before Towne Lake Parkway.

At the Canton and Holly Springs exit, the two city limits meet. Here the road (old SR 5) was realigned to cross 575 at a more perpendicular angle when I-575 was constructed. This left two dead-end streets: Hiram Way in Holly Springs, and Travis Tritt Lane in Canton. Just north of here, I-575 crosses Univeter Road.

Like I-985, I-575 was mostly constructed as a suburban spur highway, intended to serve an undeveloped area for future settlement, rather than as one to relieve traffic, or to link I-75 to an existing city or large town. It has since accelerated land development and population growth in the area far beyond what GDOT predicted, essentially causing its own traffic. (After just 20 years, it carried as many cars per day as it was expected to in 40 years.)

The first stage of I-575 was constructed in 1979 from I-75 to SR 92 near Woodstock and was opened to traffic on October 16, 1980. The next section to Georgia 20 began construction in 1981, and was opened on March 29, 1985 as far north as exit 11 (now mile 20). The section between the original exit 8 (now 16A) and exit 10 (now 19) was originally part of the CantonBypass (SR 20), which was constructed in 1978. The final portion of I-575 to past Howell Bridge Road and SR 372 opened later, and that extended the highway to its present length of 31 miles (50 km), although the northernmost one mile (1.6 km) given in this length was not constructed up to Interstate Highway standards, since it extends past a surface ("at-grade") intersection. This final portion north of Canton was constructed of concrete rather than asphalt, and narrow black lines run on either side of the white lanemarkings.

In 2000, Georgia switched over from a sequential exit numbering system to a mileage-based exit numbering system.

In February 2006, GDOT let two bids to add auxiliary lanes in both directions on the road shoulder, in between two pairs of short-spaced exits. The larger project was in Woodstock between Georgia 92 and Towne Lake Parkway, where nearly two million dollars were spent. This was in a mainly grassy area next to a recreational vehicle dealership on the east (northbound) side. On the opposite side, it required a noise barrier wall north of Dupree Road because of its proximity to existing homes. The other bid was for a much shorter distance of just a few yards or meters on the northeast side of Canton, between SR 20 (Cumming Highway) and SR 5 Business (Riverstone Parkway).

I-575 is now co-signed throughout its length with SR 5, which was completely removed from its former alignment in 1985–86 over a nearly 70-mile (110 km) stretch from Marietta all the way to north of Ellijay—far beyond the I-575 terminal point. SR 205 was also deleted when I-575 opened in Cherokee County in 1985, returning what is now the northernmost part of Bells Ferry Road to local responsibility. Part of its old route was briefly designated by a state project route number that appeared on maps as SR 754. This mostly consisted of a widening project planned on the route. The counties along the way did not want to fund it since the route had been state-maintained, and then returned to county maintenance in 1986. When Woodstock, Georgia rejected that widening project (as it would have destroyed its downtown area), SR 754 was truncated south of SR 92, and it was fully turned back in 2001 when the entire project was completed. State route 754 was not signed; however, it still continues to appear on Google Maps and other Web mapping services as of 2009[update].

Most of the former SR 5 did not get such treatment, and all of it was originally deleted except a portion in Canton, Georgia designated as SR 5 Business and another part that joined SR 372 to the new route using part of the old route. Another such SR 5 Business was added from old Georgia 5 in Ball Ground in 1989, completing a business loop through Ball Ground that is still largely covered by Georgia 372. Georgia SR 5 continues northward co-signed with SR 515, Corridor A of the Appalachian Development Highway System. Along this route, SR 5 and SR 5 Alternate have been abandoned by the state and left to the counties and cities to maintain. The Georgia Northeastern Railroad still follows much of the old route.

The I-575 and SR 20 interchange was originally a half-trumpet/half diamond interchange. Since SR 20 has always been a heavily traveled east-west highway, traffic buildup was a common occurrence. When Sembler Properties initiated plans to construct Canton Marketplace in conjunction with a much larger mixed-use plan (Canton Place), developers sought to re-design the interchange for a more effective design. In 2009, work on the new interchange was completed and has a full diamond interchange with one trumpet to I-575 South from SR 20 West and to Main Street from I-575 North. This is effective because it eliminates the use of traffic signals for two left-turning lanes thereby reducing traffic buildup on the two-lane road in front of Canton Place.

There would also be separate new HOV ramps built to southbound and from northbound I-75. That highway was proposed to have eight lanes added to it, with one pair going straight to I-575. All widening on I-575 would be done in the median.

In 2009, the plan was scaled-back to include two reversible lanes on I-75, with one extending up I-575.

A new exit (designated exit "9") was approved in October 2005 by GDOT at Ridgewalk Parkway (formerly Rope Mill Road), between Towne Lake Parkway and Sixes Road. Projected to cost $22 million, the new exit will consist of a full diamond interchange and a widened overpass, to benefit the Ridgewalk commercial development on private land adjacent to the new exit.[2] In addition, the project is part of a greater plan to create a northern bypass of Woodstock, connecting north of downtown to Arnold Mill Road, in theory helping to relieve some of the congestion in the traffic-prone downtown area. The current east/west connection through downtown is restricted to two lanes, since recent development was allowed that blocked one-way Mill Street from being extended eastward (which would have allowed Arnold Mill Road / Towne Lake Parkway to carry only westbound traffic through downtown).

During construction of this section of I-575 in the early 1980s, the current overpass was constructed to provide access to private property and the now-defunct Little River Wildlife Management Area, which was later abandoned by the state. The bridge was also a connection to a severed alignment of "new" Rope Mill Road west of I-575, which originally ran on a north/south alignment from Woodstock to Lebanon (locally known as Toonigh) before the bridge over the Little River was removed in the early 1990s. The southernmost part of that alignment of Rope Mill Road was realigned eastward through forest land so as to meet Ridgewalk Parkway across from the northern end of Woodstock Parkway. This was done to accommodate the new northbound entrance ramp, and opened in early October 2011.

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) officials had earlier rejected the plan due to its proximity to two other exits. FHWA later approved the new exit after forcing GDOT to add auxiliary lanes all the way to and from the next exit in both directions, including the cost of widening the Little River bridges, and the removal of hillsides, as well as metal walls designed to block noise rather than for their looks. There had also been a plan to put only a half-diamond exit on the north side of the road, using Woodstock Parkway on the east side and a new access road on the west side to connect it to Towne Lake, which would then have its ramps on the north side removed. Woodstock Parkway would have become northbound-only, with the new road being southbound only. This was objected to by residents who would have been adjacent to the new road.[3]

Sixes Road was widened from a two-lane road to a four-lane divided highway west of I-575 to Bells Ferry Road, where it continues into the BridgeMill development. The short section east of I-575, to where it ends at old SR 5, has also been widened to four lanes. In 2013, the bridge crossing over I-575 was widened to bring it to four lanes. I-575's ramps were also expanded as well. In addition, a larger shoulder was constructed going north from the new Rope Mill exit.

South end of SR 20/SR 140 overlap; exit is southernmost extent of the old Canton By-Pass, which opened prior to the completion of I-575 as a new alignment of SR 20 and forms a short freeway stretch to Marietta Highway; former SR 5