Located on the Kola Peninsula, Murmansk region was the first territorial unit with a polar climate that is equipped with significant mining structures worldwide, to satisfy the demand of young Soviet Union for raw materials. Due to the importance of the found items here (apatite, nonferrous...

"We examine portage sites in the U.S. South, Mid-Atlantic, and Midwest, including those on the fall line, a geomorphologic feature in the southeastern U.S. marking the final rapids on rivers before the ocean. Historically, waterborne transport of goods required portage around the falls at these...