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Bontemps was born on February 9, 1893, in the Nièvre department of France.[1] He collaborated in the anarchist publication Ce qu'il faut dire led by Sebastien Faure.[1] After briefly joining the French Communist Party shortly after the ongoing October Revolution he joined the anti-militarist organization "Ligue Internationale des Réfractaires à la guerre". During the time of the Spanish Civil War he joined the "Solidarité Internationale Antifasciste".

He was a prolific author mainly on the topics of anarchism, freethinking, pacifism and Anarcho-naturism.[1] His views on anarchism were based around his concept of "Social Individualism" on which he wrote extensively. He defended an anarchist perspective which was based on "a collectivism of things and an individualism of persons."[6]