Yes, if you sign your transaction and send it with eth.sendRawTransaction, there's an example in the documentation how to sign it using ethereumjs-tx and your private key.
– IsmaelFeb 3 at 7:03

Thanks, I have 2 questions: how can I sing and call a specific method as raw transaction? And what is the role of ethereumjs-tx here? Thank you very much.
– ChaosFeb 4 at 11:25

To sign a transaction you need to RLP encode it, ethereumjs-tx will properly RLP encode a transaction and has a function to sign it. With web3 v1 you have a function encodeABI that you can use to format a function call in a message suitable for the data field of a transaction.
– IsmaelFeb 4 at 21:18