According to the Argrathi Authority, the crime of espionage requires a minimum of fifteen cycles of correction. In 2372, Miles O'Brien was given twenty for being curious, and subsequently asking too many questions about Argrathitechnology. The Argrathi form of "correction" involves assigning memories of incarceration modeled to fit each offender's personality. These memories, in fact, result from interactive programs that create artificial psychic realities from planted memories of things that never actually happened. The Argrathi use this form of punishment as they find it more efficient and more effective than maintaining an extensive prison system. (DS9: "Hard Time")

The Benkarans live within the territory controlled by the Nygeans, who view them as predisposed to criminal behavior. Although they only comprise ten percent of the overall population, Benkarans make up eighty percent of the population of Nygean jails. Benkarans are also ten times more likely to be executed for a crime. (VOY: "Repentance")

Under Cardassian law, guilt was confirmed prior to court proceedings – the trials themselves served only as a way to demonstrate the wrongdoing of the defendants and to illustrate the consequences of their alleged criminal behavior. Defendants were provided with legal counsel merely to help them "concede" the "wisdom" of the state's judicial process, as well as help them to admit guilt and express "proper" remorse. Cardassian judicial penalties were usually severe: in at least some cases, the courts had already scheduled the accused's execution before the trial began. (DS9: "Tribunal")

The Dominion does not typically take prisoners, keeping only those that may later serve a purpose to them. (DS9: "The Jem'Hadar", "In Purgatory's Shadow") If prisoners are held, they may be released following the end of hostilities between the Dominion and its enemies.

The Edo have an unusual punishment system in which a crime might not be punished depending on where and when it was committed. The only punishment used in this system is death by lethal injection (TNG: "Justice").

The Founders believed that a Changeling harming another is a crime. Odo's shapeshifting abilities were taken away and he was given Human form as his punishment for killing one of his own kind. (DS9: "Broken Link")

The parents ofAmanda Rogers were punished for their "incomprehensible" decision to remain on Earth during the 2340s. The Q ultimately executed them with an "unusually compact, yet extremely powerful" tornado that "spontaneously" appeared directly over their home, destroyed it, and then disappeared. (TNG: "True Q")

In 2366, Q was punished by the Continuum because he had "spread too much chaos through the universe". His punishment was having his powers stripped and being assigned the form of a mortal being. Although he had toyed with the idea of becoming a Markoffian sea lizard, or a Belzoidian flea, he ultimately requested to become Human. (TNG: "Deja Q")

The Ramurans considered leaving their own planet a crime, so they used a neurolytic emitter on these refugees to erase their memories of all encounters and experiences of the outside world before reintegrating them into Ramuran society. (VOY: "Unforgettable")

The Romulans firmly believe in the use of labor camps. In 2362, Quark and his accomplice Fallit Kot were indicted for hijacking a shipment of Romulan ale. Kot received 8 years in a labor camp for the hijacking, whereas Quark, who claimed he had nothing to do with the hijacking itself, and was just a simple "middleman," was acquitted. However, it was not that simple; as trafficking in stolen goods was enough to receive imprisonment in a Romulan camp, it was determined that Quark was acquitted because he sold out Kot. (DS9: "Melora")