tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-34394700752964895932019-03-05T08:59:42.471-08:00JACKSONVILLE BANKRUPTCY: The Grange Bankruptcy BlogJ. Dinkins G. Grange is an attorney in Northeast Florida, helping his clients find solutions to their financial problems, which in some cases includes bankruptcy in some cases. This Blog contains general bankruptcy relevant information. His practice includes representing clients in various areas of civil litigation including Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcies, foreclosure defense and probate.J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.comBlogger192125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-86157953144330083672019-03-05T08:59:00.003-08:002019-03-05T08:59:42.443-08:00Best States To Be Rich Or Poor&nbsp;I found the following information from Hubwallet interesting:<br /> &nbsp; <br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; width: 499px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 235px;"><strong><u>Best States to Be Poor from a Tax Perspective</u></strong></td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 248px;"><strong><u>Worst States to Be Poor from a Tax Perspective</u></strong></td> </tr><tr> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 15px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 31px;">1</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 15px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 205px;">Delaware</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 15px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 15px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 38px;">47</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 15px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 210px;">Indiana</td> </tr><tr> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 31px;">2</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 205px;">Alaska</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 38px;">48</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 210px;">Pennsylvania</td> </tr><tr> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 31px;">3</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 205px;">Montana</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 38px;">49</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 210px;">Hawaii</td> </tr><tr> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 31px;">4</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 205px;">Utah</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 38px;">50</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 210px;">Illinois</td> </tr><tr> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 31px;">5</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 205px;">South Carolina</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 38px;">51</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 210px;">Washington</td> </tr></tbody></table><br /><strong></strong>For the full report and to see where your state ranks, please visit:<br /><a href="http://wallethub.com/edu/best-states-to-be-rich-poor-from-a-tax-perspective/11257/" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; color: #007c89; font-weight: normal; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-decoration: none;">http://wallethub.com/edu/best-states-to-be-rich-poor-from-a-tax-perspective/11257/</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br /><br /><strong><u>Key Stats</u></strong><strong>:</strong> <br /><ul><li style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">The <strong>overall tax burden</strong> for <strong>low-income earners</strong> is three times higher in Washington than in Delaware.<br /> &nbsp;</li><li style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">The <strong>overall tax burden</strong> for <strong>middle-income earners</strong> is three times higher in New York than in Alaska.<br /> &nbsp;</li><li style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;">The <strong>overall tax burden</strong> for <strong>high-income earners</strong> is four times higher in New York than in Alaska.</li></ul><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-lspace: 0pt; mso-table-rspace: 0pt; width: 499px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 235px;"><strong><u>Best States to Be Rich from a Tax Perspective</u></strong></td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td colspan="2" style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 248px;"><strong><u>Worst States to Be Rich from a Tax Perspective</u></strong></td> </tr><tr> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 16px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 31px;">1</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 16px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 204px;">Alaska</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 16px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 16px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 36px;">47</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 16px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 212px;">Vermont</td> </tr><tr> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 31px;">2</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 204px;">Nevada</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 36px;">48</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 212px;">Maryland</td> </tr><tr> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 31px;">3</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 204px;">Wyoming</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 36px;">49</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 212px;">Illinois</td> </tr><tr> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 31px;">4</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 204px;">Tennessee</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 36px;">50</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 212px;">Connecticut</td> </tr><tr> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 31px;">5</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 204px;">Florida</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 16px;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 36px;">51</td> <td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 212px;">New York</td><td style="-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; height: 18px; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; width: 212px;">&nbsp;</td> </tr></tbody></table>J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-4863678553580145302019-01-08T17:42:00.000-08:002019-01-08T17:42:07.808-08:00Court News On Government Shutdown as of January 8, 2019News fron the Court's website.<br /><br />During the partial shutdown of the federal government, which began Dec. 22, 2018, the Judiciary has continued to operate by using court fee balances and other “no-year” funds. The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts has revised its original estimate and now is working toward the goal of sustaining paid operations through Jan. 18, 2019.<br /><br />In an effort to achieve this goal, courts have been asked to delay or defer non-mission critical expenses, such as new hires, non-case related travel, and certain contracts. Judiciary employees are reporting to work and currently are in full-pay status.<br /><br />If existing funds run out and new appropriated funds do not become available, the Judiciary will operate under the terms of the Anti-Deficiency Act, which allows “essential work” to continue during a lapse in appropriationsJ. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-74027729387394548682019-01-04T13:37:00.000-08:002019-01-04T13:37:15.857-08:00Government Shutdown: How is the Bankruptcy Court Effected by the Shutdown?<br /><div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">&nbsp;<img alt="https://static.politico.com/dims4/default/d6b181b/2147483647/resize/403x%3E/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.politico.com%2Fed%2Ff2%2F430cd5fc4ea0a665637686ad0eef%2F190103-house-chamber-gtty-773.jpg" src="https://static.politico.com/dims4/default/d6b181b/2147483647/resize/403x%3E/quality/90/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.politico.com%2Fed%2Ff2%2F430cd5fc4ea0a665637686ad0eef%2F190103-house-chamber-gtty-773.jpg" /></div><br /> <div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">The most prominent item on the top of the news each night is the continued government shutdown. As of the writing of this post, it has been shut down for several hours short of 14 days.&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">While this has directly effected many federally funded areas of our country, there are others that are not as immediately impacted, at least, from a public or user perspective.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><br />The Federal Courthouses remain open and doing business, but probably with some impact on internal procedures that will cause some delays. Many, but not all, bankruptcy courthouse websites have a statement regarding the government shutdown. I practice in Florida. The Middle District of Florida and the Northern District of Florida state <br /><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">“Despite the government shutdown, the federal judiciary will remain open and can continue operations for approximately three weeks, through January 11, 2019.”</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">However, the Southern District of Florida's website is silent regarding information related to the shutdown.</div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;">In the Middle District of Florida, there is also an administrative order (<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">FLMB 2018-4) stating Federal agencies effected by the government shutdown will have have 7 days following the end of the shutdown “to take record action”.&nbsp; So the court recognizes other Federal Agencies may not have the staff in place to properly give legal responses, or file necessary papers related to individual bankruptcy cases. </span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Should the government shutdown continue through January 11, 2019, you should look to your court's website to see what effects the shutdown will have on the Court in your district.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Of course, should you have any questions about this, or any other bankruptcy related questions, you should contact a local bankruptcy attorney for advice.</span></span></div>J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-78807141274101891042018-12-20T08:21:00.002-08:002018-12-20T08:30:37.929-08:00Amendments to Bankruptcy Laws Effective December 1, 2018<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img alt="http://howtheconstitutionaffectsus.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/6/7/26672656/7631077.jpg" height="271" src="https://howtheconstitutionaffectsus.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/6/7/26672656/7631077.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320"></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h2>All In Favor? </h2></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: left;">It seems like the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure are amended every year at the recommendation of an advisory committee since 2006 after the last major change in bankruptcy laws in 2005.&nbsp; For 2018, there were some meaningful amendments, however, unlike previous years, the changes will not effect my clients much, in that the amendments dealt with, for the most part, appeal and electronic filing laws.&nbsp;</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">So, how does all this happen?&nbsp; The amendments address issues identified by a committee, called an Advisory Committee.&nbsp; The committee is made up of federal judges, bankruptcy attorneys, and others. The rule amendments are approved by the U.S. Supreme Court.</div><br /><i><b>Key Rule Amendments Have A Certain Appeal</b></i>. This year almost all of the rule amendments are fairly technical.&nbsp; If you are a bankruptcy rules geek, like myself, then you will want to read the following:<br /><ul><li>Rule 3002 has been amended to address procedures for handling payment changes in home equity lines of credit in consumer cases.</li><li>Rule 5005 has been amended to require electronic filing absent good cause and to make that a national rule. As the Advisory Committee commented, “Electronic filing has matured” and “The time has come to seize the advantages of electronic filing by making it mandatory in all districts, except for filings made by an individual not represented by an attorney.” Almost all filings are electronic now anyway so this is more of the rule reflecting current practice than requiring actual changes.</li><li>Rule 7004(a) has been tweaked to pick up the accurate cross-references to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4.</li><li>Rule 7062 applies Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 62 to adversary proceedings but clarifies that the stay of proceedings to enforce a judgment is only for 14 days in an adversary proceeding and not the 30 days in a district court case.</li><li>Rule 8002 has been amended to clarify, among other items, time requirements for filing a notice of appeal.</li><li>Rule 8006 now allows the bankruptcy court to file a statement on the merits of direct certification to the court of appeals when the parties make a joint certification.</li><li>Rules 8007 and 8010 discard the term “supersedeas bond” and instead use “security provided to obtain a stay of judgment” to account for changes to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 62.</li><li>Several rules, including Rules 8011, 8013, 8015, 8016, and 8022 have been amended to reflect electronic filing and to limit the size of briefs using word counts rather than page limits.</li><li>Rule 8017 has been revised to address amicus briefs and their potential impact on the disqualification of a judge.</li><li>Rule 8018.1 has been added to allow a district court to treat an appeal from a bankruptcy court judgment — if the district court concludes the bankruptcy court lacked constitutional authority to enter the judgment — as proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law.</li><li>Rule 9025 has been revised to reflect the different types of security for appeals and their providers.</li></ul>&nbsp;I know, for most people this is not very exciting stuff.&nbsp; If you would like to know more about the amendments or have any specific questions, I suggest you contact your local bankruptcy attorney. J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-16493044303533134632018-06-05T16:54:00.000-07:002018-06-05T16:54:20.810-07:00Public Service Announcement from FBI: Foreign Cyber Actors Target Home and Office Routers and Networked Devices Worldwid<h3>Summary</h3>The FBI recommends any owner of small office and home office routers power cycle (reboot) the devices. Foreign cyber actors have compromised hundreds of thousands of home and office routers and other networked devices worldwide. The actors used VPNFilter malware to target small office and home office routers. The malware is able to perform multiple functions, including possible information collection, device exploitation, and blocking network traffic.<br /><br />Please see https://www.ic3.gov/media/2018/180525.aspx for the complete bulletin. J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-62523946185908750832018-05-15T08:32:00.000-07:002018-05-15T08:32:02.383-07:00Debts Incurred By Trickery or Deception; In re: Jonathan M. Morris (Judge Glenn)<h3 id="gsl_case_name"><span style="font-weight: normal;">As you know, all debts are not necessarily dischargeable in bankruptcy.&nbsp; Here is one that you may not have thought of that involves "deception or trickery" where an employee had a conflict with between his employer, and his personal company that was in the same business. </span></h3><h3 id="gsl_case_name"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In re: Jonathan M. Morris, a chapter 7 case with Judge Glenn dated May 8, 2018:</span></h3><br />[T]he Court finds that the Debtor incurred a debt to Rimrock by deception or trickery, and by misappropriating a business opportunity that had been entrusted to him by Rimrock. Consequently, the debt is nondischargeable in the Debtor's Chapter 7 case pursuant to § 523(a)(2)(A) and § 523(a)(4) of the Bankruptcy Code.<br /><br />The case can be found at <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?scidkt=8175853834226527208+5738018132751688604&amp;as_sdt=2&amp;hl=en">https://scholar.google.com/scholar?scidkt=8175853834226527208+5738018132751688604&amp;as_sdt=2&amp;hl=en</a> J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-88898569484662463922018-04-12T20:34:00.000-07:002018-04-12T20:34:50.106-07:00Are Debt Relief Agencies SCAMS?I am often asked if debt relief companies are legit.&nbsp; I just tell them to be careful, as while some are legitimate, other may not be.&nbsp; All you have to do is check the FTC web site which is full of scam companies.<br /><br />A recent post listed the following companies as defendants in a FTC investigation:<br /><br />The corporate defendants are Financial Freedom National Inc., formerly known as (f/k/a) Institute for Financial Freedom Inc. and Marine Career Institute Sea Frontiers Inc., also doing business as (d/b/a) 321 Loans, Instahelp America Inc., Helping America Group, United Financial Support, Breeze Financial Solutions, 321Financial Education, Credit Health Plan, Credit Specialists of America, American Advocacy Alliance and Associated Administrative Services; 321Loans Inc., f/k/a 321 Loans Inc., also d/b/a 321Financial Inc.; Instahelp America Inc, f/k/a Helping America Team Inc., also d/b/a Helping America Group; Helping America Group LLC, f/k/a Helping America Group Inc.; Breeze Financial Solutions Inc., also d/b/a Credit Health Plan and Credit Maximizing Program; US Legal Club LLC; Active Debt Solutions LLC, f/k/a Active Debt Solutions Inc., also d/b/a Guardian Legal Center; Guardian LG LLC, also d/b/a Guardian Legal Group; American Credit Security LLC, f/k/a American Credit Shield LLC; Paralegal Support Group LLC, f/k/a Paralegal Staff Support LLC; and Associated Administrative Services LLC, also d/b/a Jobfax.<br /><br />Relief defendants that profited from the scheme are JLMJP Pompano LLC; 1609 Belmont Place LLC; 16 S H Street Lake Worth LLC; 17866 Lake Azure Way Boca LLC; 114 Southwest 2<sup>nd</sup> Street DBF LLC; 110 Glouchester St. LLC; 72 SE 6<sup>th</sup> Ave. LLC; Fast Pace 69 LLC; Strategic Acquisitions TWO LLC; Halfway International LLC, also d/b/a 16 H.S. Street 12Plex LLC, 311 SE 3<sup>rd</sup> St. LLC, 412 Bayfront Drive LLC, 110 Glouchester St. LLC, 72 SE 6<sup>th</sup> Ave. LLC, 114 SW 2<sup>nd</sup> Street JM LLC, 8209 Desmond Drive LLC, and HLFP LLC; Halfway NV LLC, also d/b/a Halfpay International LLC; and Nantucket Cove of Illinois LLC.<br /><br />Keep in mind, this is just one posting.&nbsp; Are there others?&nbsp; Absolutely.J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-70931037579793551222018-03-07T11:51:00.001-08:002018-03-07T11:52:27.129-08:00National Bankruptcy Filings Continue to DeclineEver since 2010, when bankruptcies peaked, filings have been declining.&nbsp; If you enjoy seeing statistics on bankruptcy filings, you can click on the link below to see an overview from 2006 through 2017 highlighting the trends in non-business bankruptcy filings.<br /><br />http://www.uscourts.gov/news/2018/03/07/just-facts-consumer-bankruptcy-filings-2006-2017<br /><br /><br />J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-51507708988397881922018-01-07T11:55:00.000-08:002018-01-07T11:55:52.333-08:00In re: O'Steen: Debtor not denied 727 Discharge<h3 id="gsl_case_name"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h3><h3 id="gsl_case_name">Lafayette State Bank, Plaintiff,<br />v.<br />John Riley O'Steen, d/b/a Riley O'Steen Dairy, Ashley Koon O'Steen, Defendants.</h3><h3 id="gsl_case_name"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Case No. 3:14-bk-4766-PMG, Adv. No. 3:15-ap-393-PMG. United States Bankruptcy Court, MD Florida, Jacksonville Division.</span></h3><h3 id="gsl_case_name"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Bank seeked a judgment denying the Debtors' discharge pursuant to § 727(a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5), and (a)(6) of the Bankruptcy Code, and determining that the debt owed by the Debtors to the Bank was not dischargeable in the Chapter 7 case pursuant to § 523(a)(6) of the Bankruptcy Code.</span></h3><h3 id="gsl_case_name"><span style="font-weight: normal;">A fundamental goal of the Bankruptcy Code is to provide a debtor with a fresh start. Consequently, denial of a debtor's discharge is an extraordinary remedy, and exceptions to discharge should be construed in favor of the debtor and against the objecting party. The burden is on the objecting party to prove the objection by a preponderance of the evidence. <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6023735531606342982&amp;hl=en&amp;lr=lang_en&amp;as_sdt=4,10,253,254,255,262,263,264,265,266,267,325&amp;as_vis=1">In re White, 568 B.R. 894, 909-10 (Bankr. N.D. Ga. 2017)</a>. </span></h3>http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=1285041256689425433&amp;hl=en&amp;lr=lang_en&amp;as_sdt=4,10,253,254,255,262,263,264,265,266,267,325&amp;as_vis=1&amp;oi=scholaralrt<br /><br /><h3 id="gsl_case_name"><span style="font-weight: normal;"></span></h3>J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-52630003420979001092018-01-07T11:40:00.000-08:002018-01-07T11:40:39.172-08:00OBJECTION to Discharge: Who Has The BurdenA fundamental goal of the Bankruptcy Code is to provide a debtor with a fresh start. Consequently, denial of a debtor's discharge is an extraordinary remedy, and exceptions to discharge should be construed in favor of the debtor and against the objecting party. The burden is on the objecting party to prove the objection by a preponderance of the evidence. <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=6023735531606342982&amp;hl=en&amp;lr=lang_en&amp;as_sdt=4,10,253,254,255,262,263,264,265,266,267,325&amp;as_vis=1">In re White, 568 B.R. 894, 909-10 (Bankr. N.D. Ga. 2017)</a>.J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-13388057465432979292017-12-07T14:17:00.001-08:002017-12-07T14:17:57.834-08:00Official Bankruptcy Rule Changes Effective December 1, 2017 <div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 1001: “These rules should be construed, administered, and employed by the court and the parties to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 1006: requires that an individual debtor’s petition must be accepted for filing so long as the debtor submits a signed application to pay the filing fee in installments. Rule 1017 (b) (1) allows for a dismissal of the case for the failure to pay any installment of the filing fee only “after a hearing on notice to the debtor and the trustee.” </span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 1015(b): Husband and wife is replaced with spouses.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 3015 and 3015.1(NEW): Requires use of an appropriate official form for chapter 13 plans. Objections to plan confirmation are to be made at least 7 days before the date set for confirmation hearing, and valuation of a secured claim is binding on the holder of the claim.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 2002: notice of time to object to confirmation of Chapter 13 plan is 21 days, notice of confirmation hearing is 28 days.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 3002: Holder of secured claim must file proof of claim to have an allowed secured claim. Bar date in Chapter 12 and 13 cases is 70 days, with an additional 50 days for mortgage holders to provide supplemental documents. The court may extend the time to file proof of claim for insufficient notice.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 3007: Service of claim objection on most claimants is by mailing notice to the person listed on the proof of claim. Rule 7004 governs service on depository institutions.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 3012: Request to value in the Chapter 13 Plan governed by Rule 7004(b), and service for claim objections and motions to value are governed by Rules 3007(a) and 9014(b).</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 4003: Lien avoidance can proceed under the chapter 13 plan, or by motion.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 5009: Debtor can obtain an order declaring that a secured claim has been satisfied, and lien released under the terms of the Chapter 13 Plan.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 7001: Rule 3012 valuation and lien avoidance do not require an adversary proceeding.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Rule 9009: The rule allows deviations from an Official Form if permitted by the national instructions for the form in addition to those deviations permitted by the Bankruptcy Rules or the form itself. It also allows “minor changes not affecting wording or the order of presenting information” on a form. </span></span></div>J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-34743870837107745882017-12-01T07:32:00.001-08:002017-12-01T07:32:53.683-08:00Florida's Constitution Revision Commission Proposed ChangesFlorida’s Constitution Revision Commission meets every 20 years to propose changes to the state constitution.&nbsp; The Commission has met and has finalized proposed amendments. For a brief description of the 103 proposals that could appear on the ballot in November 2018, click the link below:<br /><br />http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/politics/florida-politics-blog/fl-reg-constitution-revision-commission-final-proposals-20171120-story.html J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-72125422099470103672017-11-28T07:47:00.004-08:002017-11-28T07:47:48.527-08:00How To Pick a Bankruptcy Attorney<div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/woman-discussing-ideas-and-strategy-in-studio-office-picture-id637928380?s=170x170" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/woman-discussing-ideas-and-strategy-in-studio-office-picture-id637928380?s=170x170" border="0" height="132" src="https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/woman-discussing-ideas-and-strategy-in-studio-office-picture-id637928380?s=170x170" width="200" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>&nbsp;I, along with all bankruptcy attorneys in Northeast Florida, receive calls on a regular basis asking what our fees are for filing bankruptcy.&nbsp; I suspect these people essentially don't know what they don't know.&nbsp; If the caller is planning on filing bankruptcy, he or she is asking the wrong question.&nbsp;<br /><br />Bobby Wilbert, a bankruptcy attorney in Jacksonville, Florida, recently posted a link on his website to a concise blog page I thought was very good concerning picking an attorney, posted by Cathy Moran.&nbsp; She relates the hiring of a bankruptcy attorney to picking a coach, not calling around for the cheapest price or looking for the attorney that shows up first in search results on the internet.&nbsp; The link to the article is&nbsp;</div><div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">https://www.bankruptcyinbrief.com/selecting/</div><div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></div>J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-71510815043712115892017-11-22T08:20:00.000-08:002017-11-22T08:20:36.743-08:00Debtor Wins Discharge of Student Loan Debt<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Think the private loan you have for education is an educational loan?&nbsp; You may want to have an attorney review it after a recent decision. <br /><br />Yolande E. Essangui v. SLF V-2015 Trust, et al., Adversary No.16-00201,<br />Main case 16-12984<br /><br /> The issue before the Court is whether a private loan extended for educational purposes is dischargeable in a debtor’s chapter 7 case. There are three (3) subsections addressing educational debt that is excepted from discharge.&nbsp; Apparently the argument was centered on which of the 3 sections is applicable in determining the loans dischargeability.&nbsp; Based on the facts of this case, the Court held that the private student loan at issue is not an educational benefit, as it did not qualify for federal student loan assistance.&nbsp; The Court entered an Order granting the debtor’s motion for summary judgment and denying the defendant’s motion for summary judgment.<br /> </div></div></div>J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-51973179777744681372017-07-25T08:45:00.000-07:002017-07-25T08:45:45.405-07:00Student Loan Debt Holders Could Be In TroubleI recently received an email from Bobby Wilbert's Facebook account referencing private student loan debts, and how the holders of these debts could be in trouble.&nbsp; Student loans have been bundled and sold.&nbsp;<br /><br />Remember the mortgage loan crisis.&nbsp;<br /><br />The following article addresses an impending similar crisis for private student loan holders:<br /><br />http://www.dailynews.com/opinion/20170722/student-loan-bundlers-scheme-blowing-up-in-their-faces-james-poulos<br /><br />J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-5453644931443076862017-06-28T08:22:00.003-07:002017-06-28T08:22:54.932-07:0011th Circuit Upholds Use Of Means Test In Converted Cases from Chapter 13 To Chapter 7 <div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The 11<sup>th</sup> Circuit Court of Appeals recently decided Stratton C. Pollitzer, vs. Guy G. Gebhardt, which upheld the use of the means test in a converted case from Chapter 13 to Chapter 7 under §707(b).&nbsp; Although the bankruptcy code does not state the means test is to be used in a converted case, it does not deny its usage, and the 11th Circuit concluded it was congresses intent for it to be used.&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The case can be viewed in its entirety at http://media.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/files/201611506.pdf</span></span></div>J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-20712417874517444712017-05-15T19:54:00.001-07:002017-05-15T20:19:29.568-07:00Midland Funding LLC v. Johnson: OK to file Proof of Claim on Time Barred Debt<div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Tg5wqu8eCSk/WRpvr2T-GJI/AAAAAAAAB2E/gnSlbvyexsQ7E4Me8FOPNIOvMJGd2mCtgCLcB/s1600/sc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Tg5wqu8eCSk/WRpvr2T-GJI/AAAAAAAAB2E/gnSlbvyexsQ7E4Me8FOPNIOvMJGd2mCtgCLcB/s200/sc.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><span style="clear: left; float: left; font-size: small; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Today, May 15, 2017, the Supreme Court of the United States decided Midland Funding, LLC v. Johnson, 581 U.S. ___ (2017). </span><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif;"></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><b><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Holding</span></span></b><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">: The filing of a proof of claim that is obviously time barred is not a false, deceptive, misleading, unfair or unconscionable debt-collection practice within the meaning of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. </span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Midland Funding filed a proof of claim in Johnson’s Chapter 13 bankruptcy case. It asserted that Johnson owed Midland debt on a credit card. The last time any charge appeared on Johnson’s account was more than 10 years ago. The relevant statute of limitations under Alabama law is six years. Johnson objected to the claim, and the Bankruptcy Court disallowed it. </span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Johnson sued Midland, claiming that its filing a proof of claim on an obviously time-barred debt was “false,” “deceptive,” “misleading,” “unconscionable,” and “unfair” within the meaning of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, 15 U. S. C. §§1692e, 1692f. The District Court held that the Act did not apply and dismissed the suit. The Eleventh Circuit reversed. The Supreme Court reversed, holding the filing of a proof of claim on a time barred debt is not a false, deceptive, misleading, unfair or unconscionable debt collection within the meaning of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.</span></span></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div style="margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">While the decision has not been published yet, the Syllabus containing the decision can be viewed at https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/16pdf/16-348_h315.pdf</span></span></div>J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-65692348589551050792017-03-18T14:33:00.000-07:002017-03-18T14:33:46.416-07:00Bankruptcy Fees Likely to Increase in 2017 <a class="search-result-asset-link" data-asset-id="488961956" href="http://www.istockphoto.com/photo/set-of-american-dollar-bills-as-background-gm488961956-74460197" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="488961956"><img alt="set of american dollar bills as background stock photo" height="133" src="http://media.istockphoto.com/photos/set-of-american-dollar-bills-as-background-picture-id488961956?k=6&amp;m=488961956&amp;s=612x612&amp;w=0&amp;h=5Lt08Rx3oU40LM6lJui_qzo1uDUSNn_2lMZv6OTXwcE=" width="200" /></a><br /><section class="details-wrap"><section class="details-overlay"><div class="search-list-item-sig"></div></section></section>According to President Trump's budget proposal, the filing for bankruptcy would likely cost more.<br /><br /> The budget includes a provision that would raise an additional $150 million in 2017 through higher filing fees. The budget aims to generate an additional $150 million in 2017, and $289 million in 2018, in addition to the $138 million already generated.<br /><br /> Although it is too early to know which filing fees will increase, the increased fees would go to the Department of Justice's United States Trustee Program. The Trustees oversee bankruptcy filings.<br /> Currently, the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.alnb.uscourts.gov/schedule-fees">filing fee</a> for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the most common type of petition, is $335. Other filing fees range from $310 for Chapter 13 to $1,717 for Chapters 9, 11 and 15. Additional costs come from attorney's fees and required financial counseling.<br /><br /> <a href="http://www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/judicial-business-2016">I</a>t will be interesting to see if anyone challenges the fee on the basis of restricting access to the Courts. Should this pass, it will be interesting to see how much of an increase in filing of fee waiver applications.<br /><br />So, what are the fees now?&nbsp; Let's take a look.<br /><br /> According to President Trump's budget proposal, the filing for bankruptcy would likely cost more.<br /> The budget includes a provision that would raise an additional $150 million in 2017 through higher filing fees. The budget aims to generate an additional $150 million in 2017, and $289 million in 2018, in addition to the $138 million already generated.<br /> Although it is too early to know which filing fees will increase, the increased fees would go to the Department of Justice's United States Trustee Program. The Trustees oversee bankruptcy filings.<br /> Currently, the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.alnb.uscourts.gov/schedule-fees">filing fee</a> for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, the most common type of petition, is $335. Other filing fees range from $310 for Chapter 13 to $1,717 for Chapters 9, 11 and 15. Additional costs come from attorney's fees and required financial counseling.<br /> <a href="http://www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/judicial-business-2016">I</a>t will be interesting to see if anyone challenges the fee on the basis of restricting access to the Courts. Should this pass, it will be interesting to see the increase in the filing of fee waiver applications.<br /> So, how much does it currently cost to file Let's take a look.<br /><br /> <strong>New Petition Filing Fees (as of 3/18/2017)</strong><br /> Chapter 7 Voluntary or Involuntary<br />$ 335.00 [$245 filing fee + $75 administrative fee + $15 trustee surcharge]<br /><br /> Chapter 9 <br />$1,717.00 [$1167 filing fee + $550 administrative fee]<br /> <br />Chapter 11 Voluntary or Involuntary<br />$1,717.00 [$1167 filing fee + $550 administrative fee]<br /> <br />Chapter 12<br />$ 275.00 [$200 filing fee + $75 administrative fee] <br /> <br />Chapter 13<br />$ 310.00 [$235 filing fee + $75 administrative fee]<br /> <br />Chapter 15<br />$1,717.00 [$1167 filing fee + $550 administrative fee]<br /> J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-1067112092951821832017-02-27T06:49:00.000-08:002017-02-27T06:49:00.541-08:00Bankruptcy: An Effective Social Policy That Reduces Stress, Live Longer<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jAJdfu7Kvbo/WLQ7IQ_yr7I/AAAAAAAAByk/9h0l3UV7YqQWc_fPaIlXtQ_R8nrwWFBrwCLcB/s1600/preserver.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jAJdfu7Kvbo/WLQ7IQ_yr7I/AAAAAAAAByk/9h0l3UV7YqQWc_fPaIlXtQ_R8nrwWFBrwCLcB/s200/preserver.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>Over the past 15 years or so, people have come into my office to file bankruptcy for many different reasons.&nbsp; While no 2 bankruptcies are the same, they generally wind up falling into one of two distinctive categories: financial or debt relief, and relief for medical reasons.<br /><br />While the first of these 2 categories may seem obvious, as that is what is disseminated through the various news agencies, the other is rarely, if ever, mentioned.&nbsp; Financial or debt relief is obvious, and is centered around the construction, and reconstruction, of the bankruptcy code, its rules, and most case law, while the two are actually inextricably intertwined.&nbsp; The other being medical, does not appear to have been contemplated&nbsp; by congress.<br /><br />There are two forces at work here.&nbsp; The first is on the debt collection side.&nbsp; They are either trying to collect on money lent to the debtor, or collecting on moneys owed to the creditor for some other reason, such as a judgment.&nbsp; The creditor simply wants to be paid moneys owed to them, and when the debt is beyond a debtor's means of being able to pay, the debtor is forced to look at other means of relief, such as bankruptcy.<br /><br />The other construct being medical, is almost exclusively from the debtor's side.&nbsp; Collection efforts are initiated with little regard to a particular debtor's circumstances.&nbsp; A debtor may have medical bills resulting from heart or blood pressure issues, or the debtor may have unresolved mental issues.&nbsp; The tactics used by debt collectors push people to resort to legal remedies, including bankruptcy, to reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and conform mentally with doctor's recommendations.<br /><br />According to a paper released by the National Bureau of Economic Research, "economists Will Dobbie and Jae Song examine 500,000 bankruptcy filings in the United States to measure the effect of bankruptcy laws on consumers. They found that the bankruptcy code is an incredibly effective social insurance policy. According to their findings, getting approved for Chapter 13 bankruptcy protection 'increases annual earnings by $5,562, decreases five-year mortality by 1.2 percentage points, and decreases five-year foreclosure rates by 19.1 percentage points.'"<br /><br /><div class="column small-12 medium-10 medium-offset-1 large-offset-2 _10M0Ygc4" data-reactid="227">"The paper's authors argue that bankruptcy protection helps workers earn more by removing the disincentive to work resulting from creditors garnishing worker's paychecks. If a person's wages are garnished to the point that it didn't pay to continue working, they often decide to stop working altogether.</div><div class="column small-12 medium-10 medium-offset-1 large-offset-2 _10M0Ygc4" data-reactid="227"><br /></div>The study also found that bankruptcy also helps people live longer, due likely to the fact that dealing with debt problems, rather then letting them fester, significantly reduces stress. Chapter 13 bankruptcy also allows people to stay in their homes because it is designed specifically to allow borrowers to avoid foreclosure."<br /><br />To read the complete article, see <a href="http://fortune.com/2014/09/30/bankruptcy-law-inequality-income/?utm_content=buffer747ca&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_source=facebook.com&amp;utm_campaign=buffer" target="_blank">bankruptcy-law-inequality-income</a>J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-30205614166955665992017-02-26T19:49:00.000-08:002017-02-26T19:49:29.776-08:00Lee Ann Bennett Appointed To Administrative Office of US Courts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1pePdFynoyw/WLOhd5Vxu2I/AAAAAAAAByM/9x2QlBQsG0ogtsJpCJx5eRcnRpwJNMSYgCLcB/s1600/Bennett.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1pePdFynoyw/WLOhd5Vxu2I/AAAAAAAAByM/9x2QlBQsG0ogtsJpCJx5eRcnRpwJNMSYgCLcB/s200/Bennett.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><br /><b>Congratulations</b> to Lee Ann Bennett in her appointment by Supreme Court Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Jr. as the new deputy director of the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts.&nbsp; Bennett will serve as deputy to AO Director James C. Duff.&nbsp; On behalf of the bankruptcy attorneys that practice in the Middle District of Florida, Jacksonville Division, we thank her for a job well done, and wish her much success in her new job.<br /><br /><br />For more information, see<br /><br />http://www.uscourts.gov/news/2017/02/23/new-ao-deputy-director-named J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-38189012481111499122016-10-12T11:05:00.000-07:002016-10-12T11:05:49.614-07:00Supreme Court Grants Cert on FDCPA Case<span style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 8pt; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTCYxz_kOIBl8nzJKwaqTl7qxOJFUfNwximv5uU7oD5ITKOMRNB" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTCYxz_kOIBl8nzJKwaqTl7qxOJFUfNwximv5uU7oD5ITKOMRNB" border="0" height="133" src="https://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTCYxz_kOIBl8nzJKwaqTl7qxOJFUfNwximv5uU7oD5ITKOMRNB" width="200" /></a>The Supreme Court today granted certiorari in the case of Midland Funding, LLC. v. Johnson, No. 16-348, in which the Eleventh Circuit found that not only does a proof of claim on a time-barred debt violate the FDCPA, but the FDCPA claim is not in conflict with, nor is it precluded by, the Bankruptcy Code.</span>J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-54868913132236126452016-09-15T20:11:00.000-07:002016-09-15T20:11:41.979-07:00NEW Chapter 13 Form Plan for Middle District of Florida<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://i.istockimg.com/file_thumbview_approve/74911967/6/stock-illustration-74911967-nouvelles-etiquettes-set-isole-sur-blanc.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="http://i.istockimg.com/file_thumbview_approve/74911967/6/stock-illustration-74911967-nouvelles-etiquettes-set-isole-sur-blanc.jpg" border="0" height="200" src="https://i.istockimg.com/file_thumbview_approve/74911967/6/stock-illustration-74911967-nouvelles-etiquettes-set-isole-sur-blanc.jpg" title="Chapter 13 Form Plan - Middle District, Florida" width="200" /></a></div><div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></div><br /><div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Note:&nbsp; Effective September 2, 2016, an updated Chapter 13 Plan has been implemented in the Middle District of Florida.&nbsp; You can see the form at the following link:&nbsp;<br /><br />http://www.flmb.uscourts.gov/procedures/documents/Chapter13Plan.pdf</div><br /><br /><br /><br />J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-31344940890795513662016-06-17T15:04:00.000-07:002016-06-17T15:04:31.203-07:00Scams After Mass Shooting<b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </b><br /><b style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="http://blog.pch.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/04_01_stop_scam.jpg" height="200" src="http://blog.pch.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/04_01_stop_scam.jpg" width="200" />&nbsp;</b><br /><br /><b>From Better Business Bureau </b><br /><b>Arlington, VA –</b> In the wake of the largest mass shooting in U.S. history, the BBB Serving Central Florida and the BBB Wise Giving Alliance, the national charity monitoring arm of the Better Business Bureau, caution donors about potential red flags in fund raising to help Orlando victims and their families, and to be aware of the different circumstances that often emerge in tragedy-related philanthropy.<br /><br />“Tragedy inspires people to give, and this terrible tragedy is drawing incredible response already from people all around the world” said H. Art Taylor, President &amp; CEO, BBB Wise Giving Alliance “The best way to help the victims, their families, and the people of Orlando is to make sure that donations end up where they belong. We are already hearing about click-bait schemes and questionable solicitations, and we expect there will be numerous scams and frauds. We urge those generous donors to give wisely so their gifts can do the most good.”<br /><br />Holly Salmons, President &amp; CEO of the Better Business Bureau Serving Central Florida, notes that “The world has rushed to support the City Beautiful and the victims on this heinous crime. We encourage those who want to show their support through donations to do so with caution. Scammers depend on heightened emotion and often follow closely behind tragic events.”<br /><br />BBB Wise Giving Alliance urges donors to give thoughtfully and avoid those seeking to take advantage of the generosity of others. Here are <b><i>“Ten Tips for Giving with Confidence”</i> –</b><br /><br /><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">1. Thoughtful Giving</span></b><br />Take the time to check out the charity to avoid wasting your generosity by donating to a questionable or poorly managed effort. The first request for a donation may not be the best choice. Be proactive and find trusted charities that are providing assistance.<br /><br /><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">2. Government Registration</span></b><br />About 40 of the 50 states in the U.S. require charities to register with a state government agency (usually a division of the State Attorney General’s office) before they solicit for charitable gifts (in Canada, charities register with the Canada Revenue Agency.)&nbsp;If the charity is not registered, that may be a significant red flag.<br /><br /><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">3. Respecting Victims and Their Families</span></b><br />Organizations raising funds should get permission from the families to use either the names of the victims and/or any photographs of them. Some charities raising funds for the Colorado movie theater victims did not do this and were the subject of criticism from victims’ families.<br /><br /><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">4. How Will Donations Be Used?</span></b><br />Watch out for vague appeals that don’t identify the intended use of funds. For example, how will the donations help victims’ families? Also, unless told otherwise, donors will assume that funds collected quickly in the wake of a tragedy will be spent just as quickly. See if the appeal identifies when the collected funds will be used.<br /><br /><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">5. What if a Family Sets Up Its Own Assistance Fund</span>?</b><br />Some families may decide to set up their own assistance funds. Be mindful that such funds may not be set up as charities. Also, make sure that collected monies are received and administered by a third party such as a bank, CPA or lawyer. This will help provide oversight and ensure the collected funds are used appropriately (e.g., paying for funeral costs, counseling, and other tragedy-related needs.)<br /><br /><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">6. Advocacy Organizations</span></b><br />Tragedies that involve violent acts with firearms can also generate requests from a variety of advocacy organizations that address gun use. Donors can support these efforts as well but note that some of these advocacy groups are not tax exempt as charities. Also, watch out for newly created advocacy groups that will be difficult to check out.<br /><br /><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">7. Online Cautions</span></b><br />Never click on links to charities on unfamiliar websites or in texts or emails. These may take you to a lookalike website where you will be asked to provide personal financial information or to click on something that downloads harmful malware into your computer. Don’t assume that charity recommendations on Facebook, blogs or other social media have already been vetted.<br /><br /><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">8. Financial Transparency</span></b><br />After funds are raised for a tragedy, it is even more important for organizations to provide an accounting of how funds were spent. Transparent organizations will post this information on their websites so that anyone can find out and not have to wait until the audited financial statements are available sometime in the future.<br /><br /><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">9. Newly Created or Established Organizations</span></b><br />This is a personal giving choice, but an established charity will more likely have the experience to quickly address the circumstances and have a track record that can be evaluated. A newly formed organization may be well-meaning but will be difficult to check out and may not be well managed.<br /><br /><b><span style="text-decoration: underline;">10. Tax Deductibility</span></b><br />Not all organizations collecting funds to assist this tragedy are tax exempt as charities under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code in the U.S. (the equivalent in Canada are charities registered with the Canada Revenue Agency).&nbsp;Donors can support these other entities but keep this in mind if they want to take a deduction for income tax purposes. In addition, contributions that are donor-restricted to help a <span style="text-decoration: underline;">specific</span> individual/family are not deductible in the U.S. as charitable donations, even if the recipient organization is a charity.J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-7347290023947484552016-03-25T08:25:00.000-07:002016-03-25T08:25:11.778-07:00Means Test Number For Household Income Effective 4/1/2016 for Florida<br /><div style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a 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" 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" 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" width="200" /></a> A requirement with all Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy filings includes the completion of the Statement of Your Current Monthly Income (Form 122A-1 for Chapter 7 and Form 122C-1 for Chapter 13).&nbsp; The Means Test numbers for household income are updated each November 1 and April 1.&nbsp; Here are the latest number, including the numbers effective April 1, 2016.</div><br /><br /> <table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;"> <colgroup><col width="85*"></col> <col width="85*"></col> <col width="85*"></col> </colgroup><tbody><tr valign="TOP"> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">Household Size</div></td> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">Before November 1, 2015</div></td> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">Effective 4/1/2016</div></td> </tr><tr valign="TOP"> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">1</div></td> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">$43,085</div></td> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">$43,136</div></td> </tr><tr valign="TOP"> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">2</div></td> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">$53,590</div></td> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">$53,654</div></td> </tr><tr valign="TOP"> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">3</div></td> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">$57,012</div></td> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">$57,080</div></td> </tr><tr valign="TOP"> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">4</div></td> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">$66,509</div></td> <td width="33%"> <div align="CENTER">$66,588</div></td> </tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: small;"><b><i> </i></b></span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Add $8,400 for each individual in excess of 4.</i></span><br /><br /><br /><br />J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3439470075296489593.post-81821654058643651692016-01-04T10:32:00.000-08:002016-01-04T10:32:05.030-08:00How To Fix Your Credit Report After BankrutpcyThe law that controls everything as it relates to credit reports and credit reporting is titled the <a href="http://www.bondnbotes.com/2012/12/11/fair-credit-reporting-act-fcra/">Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)</a>.<br /><br />Usually, the way this will come to our attention is that one of our clients is now ready to restart his or her credit life after a bankruptcy is finished.&nbsp; What we suggest that our clients do, after a bankruptcy discharge has been issued in their respective case, is to follow exactly the steps described below.<br />The<a href="http://www.bondnbotes.com/credit-report-disputes/"> formal dispute process</a> as set forth in the FCRA must be followed exactly or erroneous, false and/or incorrect information can simply be reflected on, and stay on, a credit report forever.<br /><h2>How To Remove Incorrect Credit Report Information </h2>If erroneous and/or incorrect information is showing up on your credit report, it will have&nbsp; consequences as far-reaching as the ability to obtain credit at favorable rates and may even affect obtaining employment.&nbsp; The following are the <b>exact</b> steps that need to be taken in order to delete wrong information on credit reports.<br /><ol></ol><ol><li><b>Get your credit reports.</b> Get them <u>only</u> in writing from <a href="http://www.annualcreditreport.com/">annualcreditreport.com</a>.&nbsp; Use the mail- in form available at that site to obtain the credit reports from all three credit reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian and Trans Union).&nbsp; The form to get all 3 credit reports is located <a href="https://www.annualcreditreport.com/manualRequestForm.action" target="_blank">here</a>.&nbsp; Attach a copy of your driver’s license and utility or other bill that ties you to the address you want the credit reports mailed to and so you can show that you are who you say you are.&nbsp; This is the absolute best way to get your free credit reports when you want to dispute erroneous information and it avoids many problems.<br /></li><li>DO NOT get credit reports directly from the credit reporting agencies (Equifax, Experian and Trans Union).&nbsp; You may lose important rights and find yourself limited to binding arbitration.<br /></li><li>Get a complete copy of your bankruptcy petition (if filed after October 15, 2005) and the formal discharge document issued by the Court in your case. That way, you will have a complete listing of all of the debts that were discharged in your bankruptcy and the court document showing that they are no longer legally owed.<br /></li><li>Once you get the credit reports, review them carefully for any mistakes or incorrect information. Make sure every debt that you listed in your bankruptcy petition shows on the credit report as <b>“0(zero) balance – discharged in bankruptcy.”</b>&nbsp; That is the only designation that can appear on what is called the trade line for that particular debt.&nbsp;&nbsp;</li><br /><li>Debts that are discharged in bankruptcy cannot show anything else such as any balance still owed, in collections, delinquent, charge-off, or any other negative information.&nbsp; Again, to reiterate, any debt that has been discharged in bankruptcy can only show “0 balance-discharged in bankruptcy.”&nbsp; If anything else appears on that particular trade line, especially if it is derogatory information, then that violates the requirements of the FCRA.&nbsp; &nbsp; <br /></li><li>If there is erroneous information in the trade line for a debt that was discharged in bankruptcy, you will then want to prepare a dispute letter <b>directly</b> to the credit reporting agency that has the wrong information.&nbsp; <b>DO NOT</b> submit the dispute online!&nbsp; It is critical that you do the dispute in writing and that you <b>mail</b> it in.&nbsp; Logically, you would think that you would dispute the erroneous information with the credit furnisher that is providing the wrong information but that will accomplish absolutely nothing.&nbsp; The FCRA <b>mandates</b> that you must make the dispute <b>directly with the credit reporting agency</b> itself who then will contact the furnisher.&nbsp; If you do not follow these steps exactly, then you will accomplish nothing and the errors on your credit reports will be entitled to remain there.</li><br /><li>When you prepare your dispute letter to the credit reporting agencies, you must mail it to them by <b>certified mail, return receipt requested. Keep a copy</b> of the signed and dated letter that you send and also <b>keep the green card</b> you receive back from the post office verifying that the credit reporting agency did receive your dispute letter. <br /></li><li>Below is what a sample dispute letter should look like where negative information appears in a credit report on the trade line of a discharged debt.&nbsp; Please follow this sample letter <b>exactly </b>for your best chance at getting the credit reports fixed.</li></ol>_______________________________________________________________<br /><div style="padding-left: 60px;">SAMPLE DISPUTE LETTER – USE THIS AS A GUIDE TO CREATE YOUR OWN DISPUTE LETTER</div><div style="padding-left: 60px;"><i>Your name<br />Your full mailing address<br />Your city, state zip code</i></div><div style="padding-left: 60px;"><i>Date of letter </i></div><div style="padding-left: 60px;">Complaint Department<br />Name of Credit Report Agency <i><u>(Transunion, Equifax, Experian)</u></i><br />Address<br />City, state, zip code</div><div style="padding-left: 60px;">Dear Sir/Ma’am:</div><div style="padding-left: 60px;">After reviewing my credit report, I am writing to dispute the following information. I have circled the disputed items on my attached report. These include <i><u>(list item(s) disputed by name of source, such as creditors, and identify type of item, such as credit account, judgment, etc.)</u></i><u><br /></u><br />This <i><u>item(s) is(are)</u></i> inaccurate because <i><u>(list exactly why each item is incorrect or incomplete – for instance,&nbsp;&nbsp; “The debt was included in my bankruptcy and is only allowed to be shown as a 0 balance-discharged in bankruptcy. No other negative information is allowed to be listed on that trade line.” </u></i></div><div style="padding-left: 60px;">Supporting documents have been enclosed.<br /><i>(BE SURE TO INCLUDE <b>AS MUCH</b> SUPPORTING PROOF AS POSSIBLE TO SUPPORT YOUR DISPUTE – THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT!!! In a situation where a debt was discharged in bankruptcy and it still shows negative on the credit report, be sure to include a copy of the page(s) of the credit report that shows the negative information, circle it and explain in paragraph two above what the negative language is that is not allowed.&nbsp; You may also, make sure to include the copy of the page of the bankruptcy petition that shows the debt itself and a copy of the bankruptcy discharge entered in the bankruptcy case.)</i> &nbsp;Pursuant to the FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act), please forward them to the credit furnishers. If you are not going to forward them, please inform me immediately so that I may do so myself.</div><div style="padding-left: 60px;">Sincerely,</div><div style="padding-left: 60px;"><i><u>Your name printed AND signed name </u></i></div><div style="padding-left: 60px;">Encl.<i> <u>(List by name each document that you are enclosing)</u></i></div><i><u>___________________________________________________________________</u></i><br /><ol start="6"><li>In addition to <b>NOT</b> submitting your disputes online, <b>DO NOT</b> use a PO Box as the mailing address for your disputes. Use <b>ONLY</b> the physical mailing addresses for the credit reporting agencies.&nbsp; The physical addresses are as follows:</li></ol><div style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Equifax</span><br />1550 Peachtree Street, NW<br />Atlanta, GA&nbsp; 30309-2468<br /></div><div style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Experian</span><br />701 Experian Parkway<br />Allen, TX&nbsp; 75013<br /></div><div style="padding-left: 60px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">TransUnion</span><br />555 West Adams St<br />Chicago, IL&nbsp; 60661</div><ol start="7"><li>Make sure to keep a copy of <b>everything</b> you send and receive.<b>&nbsp;</b> Make sure to <b>keep a copy of the green card</b> you get back from the post office so you can verify that the credit reporting agency received your dispute. THIS IS <b>IMPORTANT.</b></li><li>If you want, simply out of frustration, you can also write a separate letter regarding your dispute to the actual credit furnisher. This may help expedite the correction but remember that, under the FCRA law, this WILL HAVE NO EFFECT in correcting erroneous or wrong information on your credit report.&nbsp; <b>The only way</b> the system operates is by a dispute letter directly to the credit reporting agency, regardless of whom is furnishing incorrect information&nbsp;on you!</li><li>Once you have submitted a proper dispute, wait up to 45 days for a response. If your credit report is fixed, then you need to do nothing further.</li><li>If your credit report is not corrected after your first dispute, then try to get credit and see if whomever you are applying for credit denies you or gives you a problem or a higher interest rate because of this incorrect information.&nbsp; Make sure to keep proof of <b>ALL</b> denials you receive or problems you have getting credit <b>AFTER</b> your initial dispute.&nbsp; The furnisher of the incorrect information, once it receives the dispute directly from the credit reporting agency, is required under the law to “conduct an investigation” of the dispute and report its findings back to the credit reporting agencies.</li><li>If the information is not corrected as you think it should be, then do a second round of disputes. That is essentially your initial letter again with all of your supporting enclosures as described above &nbsp;and you should note on it “<b>2<sup>nd</sup> Request – Urgent</b>!” with the <b>new date</b> and explain again what your dispute is and that this is the second time you’re disputing the inaccurate information and that you needed corrected because it is damaging YOU.</li><li>Once you get the report back from the second round of disputes, if the credit reports are still not fixed, tried to get credit again and keep <b>all</b> proof if you are denied credit or if you have problems again after the second round of disputes.</li><li>You may have to do disputes another time or two if the credit reporting agencies and the furnisher of the incorrect information will not fix your credit reports.</li><li>A Bit of Advice.&nbsp; An effective dispute letter is to pretend that you are trying to explain to a fifth-grader what the problems are with your credit reports and why the information that is being shown is wrong. Explain the problems in great detail.&nbsp; Send supporting documentation. Make sure that even a fifth-grader would understand why the information on your credit report is not correct.</li></ol><h3>If Credit Reports Aren’t Corrected</h3>If your credit reports are not corrected to reflect that each debt discharged in bankruptcy is shown as a “0 balance – discharged in bankruptcy” and you are suffering damages in the form of credit denials, job denials, etc., you then have a right to file a law suit against the credit reporting agencies and the credit furnisher.<br /><br />The law under the FCRA is complicated and illogical in parts. If you need help in correcting your credit report, initially you should contact your bankruptcy or consumer advocate attorney.&nbsp; Should your attorney not wish to help you, you can ask for a referral.&nbsp; The bankruptcy laws allow for people to obtain a “fresh start.”&nbsp; A creditor, debt collector or credit reporting agency is not allowed to continue to punish you after a legal discharge of the debt.&nbsp; A balance still owing, charge off, delinquency or any other derogatory information is not allowed. J. Dinkins G. Grangehttps://plus.google.com/113188635727683551854noreply@blogger.com3