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: How do I become a teacher if I already have a bachelor’s degree?

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Answer
: Most states offer alternative pathways that are specifically designed for those who majored in another subject and wish to become a teacher without an education or teaching degree. To become a teacher if you didn’t major in education, in most states you will need to complete an alternative teacher preparation program. These programs typically must be approved by the state’s board of education and lead to a post-graduate certificate or a master’s degree plus licensure. Many states have approved online alternative programs to allow working professionals a degree of flexibility in completing the requirements.

Answer

Question
: How do I become a teacher if I don’t have a degree?

Answer
: To become a teacher without a degree, the recommended route is to complete a bachelor’s degree that includes a teacher preparation program. However, if you have several years of professional experience in a career and technical education subject, you may be able to substitute this experience for the typical degree requirement and become a career and technical education teacher. There are also “career switcher” programs in some states for those who wish to transition to the classroom. Check with your state’s teacher licensing agency for current guidelines and options.

Question
: How do I become a teacher if I have a master’s degree?

Answer
: If you already have a master’s degree but did not major in education, you may be eligible for accelerated or intensive teacher preparation if such a program is available in your state. You may also be able to teach in private schools to gain experience in order to apply for teacher licensure by portfolio without completing additional education. States that have alternate routes that may accelerate licensure for those who have already completed post-graduate education include Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Idaho, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oklahoma, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

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NOTE
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method that is a built-in function

NOTE
Standard built-in methods are defined in this specification, and an ECMAScript implementation may specify and provide other additional built-in methods.

internal value that defines some characteristic of a property

property that is directly contained by its object

property of an object that is not an own property but is a property (either own or inherited) of the object’s prototype

A
context-free grammar
consists of a number of
productions
. Each production has an abstract symbol called a
nonterminal
as its
left-hand side
, and a sequence of zero or more nonterminal and
terminal
symbols as its
right-hand side
. For each grammar, the terminal symbols are drawn from a specified alphabet.

Starting from a sentence consisting of a single distinguished nonterminal, called the
goal symbol
, a given context-free grammar specifies a
language
, namely, the (perhaps infinite) set of possible sequences of terminal symbols that can result from repeatedly replacing any nonterminal in the sequence with a right-hand side of a production for which the nonterminal is the left-hand side.

A
lexical grammar
for ECMAScript is given in
clause 7
. This grammar has as its terminal symbols characters (Unicode code units) that conform to the rules for
SourceCharacter
defined in
Clause 6
. It defines a set of productions, starting from the goal symbol
InputElementDiv
or
InputElementRegExp
, that describe how sequences of such characters are translated into a sequence of input elements.

Input elements other than white space and comments form the terminal symbols for the syntactic grammar for ECMAScript and are called ECMAScript
tokens
. These tokens are the reserved words, identifiers, literals, and punctuators of the ECMAScript language. Moreover, line terminators, although not considered to be tokens, also become part of the stream of input elements and guide the process of
automatic semicolon insertion (7.9)
. Simple white space and single-line comments are discarded and do not appear in the stream of input elements for the syntactic grammar. A
MultiLineComment
(that is, a comment of the form “
/*
…
*/
” regardless of whether it spans more than one line) is likewise simply discarded if it contains no line terminator; but if a
MultiLineComment
contains one or more line terminators, then it is replaced by a single line terminator, which becomes part of the stream of input elements for the syntactic grammar.

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Key features

A very well presented four bedroom detached farm house with a two bedroom detached annexe situated on a plot measuring half an acre (stms). The accommodation comprises hall, breakfast area, kitchen, bathroom, entrance conservatory, utility room, dining room, lounge, four bedrooms with an en-suite to bedroom two. The annexe accommodation comprises kitchen/living room, bathroom and two bedrooms. The property further benefits from a mature plot, off road parking for numerous vehicles, central heating, double glazing and an external swimming pool. Local amenities can be found in Sutton Bridge or Terrington St Clement, with more extensive facilities found in King's Lynn Town Centre including a main line rail link into Cambridge and London King's Cross. Property ref: 121_1132_4595588

For more than 15 years Henrik Mouritsen has been conducting research on magnetoreception in birds. Now, he has summarised the current scientific knowledge in the journal Nature. Here, the neurobiologist talks about his fascination with birds and why fundamental research is so important.

A new Collaborative Research Centre is to be established at the University: the research project on “hearing acoustics” will receive around eight million euros in funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG) over the next four years. The head of the CRC is professor of psychoacoustics Volker Hohmann.

Doctor of chemistry Jannika Lauth was awarded a Carl von Ossietzky Young Researchers' Fellowship earlier this year. In her research Lauth produces tiny semiconductor sheets which can conduct electricity when light is shone on them. She is using innovative laser methods to study these two-dimensional nanoparticles. Potential applications include ultrathin solar cells, high-speed transistors and energy-saving LEDs.

Individualised and online-based is how Anke Hanft, scientific director of the University of Oldenburg's Centre for Lifelong Learning (C3L) sees the future of academic teaching and continuing education. The expert in continuing education and university management talks in an interview about why changes in the working life are also affecting universities.

A team led by geochemist Dr. Katharina Pahnke from Oldenburg has discovered important evidence that the rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels at the end of the last ice age was triggered by changes in the Southern Ocean.

What happens at the molecular level when we smell, see and hear? At the University of Oldenburg the Research Training Group "Molecular basis of sensory biology" has been studying these processes since 2013. The German Research Foundation (DFG) has now approved funding for the group for another four and a half years.

The skin, our largest sensory organ, is the subject of dermatologist Ulrike Raap‘s research and medical care. She describes it as an “architectural masterpiece“ and hopes that by gaining a better understanding of its components she can pave the way for the development of novel treatment approaches.

Religion has become a huge social topic once more since the start of the millennium. How can we coexist peacefully in a religiously diverse world? Religion educationalist Joachim Willems is looking for answers.

As of 2018 Oldenburg University will take over the academic implementation of a project that has been included in Germany's largest research programme in the humanities: the "Prize Papers" project has been admitted to the Academy Programme, which is financed by the German federal and state governments.

Following a test phase, German rail company Deutsche Bahn has announced plans to equip train station security personnel at trouble spots with body cameras or "bodycams". An interview with Oldenburg data protection experts Jürgen Taeger and Edgar Rose.

"Internationalisation" is more than just a catchword for Oldenburg University. In addition to boosting its foreign student numbers it also aims to attract international researchers. Esther Ruigendijk, Vice President for Early Career Researchers and International Affairs, talks about creating a welcoming culture and recruiting the best brains.

Migratory birds find their way to their destination with astonishing accuracy. For a long time it was unclear how they determined their east-west position. Now Henrik Mouritsen, an Oldenburg expert on migratory birds, together with an international team of researchers has shown how reed warblers determine their east-west position by detecting the angle by which magnetic north differs from true north.

Assessing the state of an ecosystem solely on the basis of short-term changes in the number of different species it contains can lead to false conclusions, a new study by an international team of researchers led by the ecologist Helmut Hillebrand shows. In order to assess ecosystems experts should instead focus on analysing the turnover of species within a system.

The Antarctic Krill, a small crustacean, is one of the world's most abundant species and the central diet of a number of animals in the Southern Ocean. Results by researchers of the University of Oldenburg now indicate, that mainly competition for food drives the regularly occurring fluctuations in stock size.

Addressing research gaps and providing the scientific basis for marine conservation – these are the aims of the Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity. On Wednesday, the institute was officially inaugurated at the University of Oldenburg. A step that will allow the University and the Bremerhaven-based Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), to combine and build on their research excellence in this field.

It may not be a beauty – pale and rather inconspicuous – but in terms of evolutionary biology this fish is a sensation: the first known European cave fish. Arne Nolte, an evolutionary geneticist from the University of Oldenburg, was involved in the spectacular discovery made north of Lake Constance.

A group of students at Oldenburg University and Hochschule Emden/Leer has a vision: to help design a brand new mode of eco-friendly transport. Their goal is to win the international Hyperloop Pod Competition.

Space for more than 130 scientists, a 30-metre-long measurement section and wind speeds of up to 150 kilometres per hour: the inauguration of the University of Oldenburg's new Research Laboratory for Turbulence and Wind Systems (WindLab) took place in the presence of Gabriele Heinen-Kljajić, Minister for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony.

Around the globe, an increasing number of plant and animal species are introduced into new regions through human activity. Researchers at the universities of Oldenburg and Vienna and at the Senckenberg have now discovered that the spread of species can be convincingly explained by a combination of global trade flows and the species’ original distribution.

Scientists at Oldenburg University can now use a "digitizing robotic microscope" for biological and medical research. Oldenburg University is one of the few German universities where this new type of microscope is in use.

Schmidt Ocean Institute’s research vessel Falkor returned with a diverse crew of scientists who have newly found characteristics of the ocean’s “skin” also known as the sea surface microlayer. Members of the crew: Chief Scientist Oliver Wurl and his team from the University of Oldenburg.

To strengthen cooperation among hearing researchers worldwide and in this way promote innovation in the field is the goal of a new project at the University of Oldenburg.

For several months the historical city of Palmyra was in the hands of terrorists. Ancient sites were destroyed and archaeological excavation areas ravaged. Historian Michael Sommer sees the damage as irreparable.

Ute Koglin uses a toy dolphin and snail shell when she applies her scientific concepts. A portrait of an expert in educational psychology.

Top computer scientists at the AVACS Transregional Collaborative Research Center have made problems in safety-critical systems that were allegedly "undecidable" solvable. In this interview AVACS Coordinator Werner Damm looks back on twelve exciting years with the project.

Self-tracking is in vogue: more and more people are gathering data about their bodies. Sociologist Thomas Alkemeyer and sport scientist Mirko Brandes are studying this phenomenon – each from a different perspective.

Musicologist Melanie Unseld talks about the legacy of singer and drawer Celeste Coltellini – and what it says about the classical music scene in the period around 1800.

How does our planet manage to keep a steady climate? Thorsten Dittmar, leader of the Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM) in Oldenburg, and an international team of scientists have just moved one step closer towards an answer to this question.

How can organic matter dissolved in the ocean store carbon over thousands of years and maintain our climate in the process? To shed light on this question, marine scientists at the University of Oldenburg performed a laboratory experiment over several years.

People in central Ukraine often speak a mixture of Russian and Ukrainian. Slavicist Gerd Hentschel is studying the phenomenon on location – and experiencing the consequences of the political crisis first-hand.

Infectious diseases from a medical and a cultural history perspective: An interview with medical specialist and chemist Klaus Peter Kohse and contemporary historian Malte Thießen.

Expensive EEG: Christoph Böhringer examines the economic impact of political reforms. His simulation models are now also used by the German government.

Dr Holger Lindemann is guiding the inclusion process at Oldenburg's schools and researching it at the same time. In an interview Lindemann talks about visions and concerns, about new, different teaching and about the journey being its own reward.

For the first time, a research team led by Prof. Dr. Henrik Mouritsen, a biologist and Lichtenberg Professor at the University of Oldenburg, has been able to prove that the magnetic compass of robins fails entirely when the birds are exposed to AM radio waveband electromagnetic interference.

Sabine Doering, literary scholar and President of the Hölderlin Society, has been awarded a renowned fellowship at the Notre Dame Institute for Advanced Study (NDIAS). In this interview she talks about her research goals and explains what she finds so fascinating about the German poet Friedrich Hölderlin.

Global CO2 emissions hit a new high in 2013. One solution for lowering these emissions is emissions transfers. Oldenburg University researcher Marco Springmann examines how these transfers can be integrated into international climate policy.

Cryptography may not guarantee absolute security for communications but it creates very high hurdles for spying programmes. Oldenburg mathematicians Florian Heß and Andreas Stein discuss a field of research that is in high demand – and not just since the revelations of whistleblower Edward Snowden.

Two hundred years of Wagner and no end in sight: festivals and ceremonies, productions, concerts, interpretations, documentations and tributes abound. And yet by no means has the subject been exhausted. Melanie Unseld talks in an interview about gender constructions, self-promotion, love, opera and pop music.

A recent study by the Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) investigates the role of border carbon adjustment in unilateral climate policy design.

Why do neurodegenerative diseases develop and what role does "autophagy", a cellular self-cleaning process, play in the brain? An interview with molecular biologist Christiane Richter-Landsberg.

Prof. Dr. Dr. Birger Kollmeier, Prof. Dr. Volker Hohmann (both members of the University of Oldenburg's "Hearing4all" Cluster of Excellence) and Dr. Torsten Niederdränk (Siemens AG) have been nominated by the jury as one of four teams for the renowned German Future Prize 2012, as announced by the Office of the Federal President of Germany, thereby honouring the outstanding developments by the team in the field of auditory systems.

The larvae of coral reef fishes swimming in the ocean are just a few millimetres long. And yet they are able to find their way back to their native reef across distances of several kilometres. Oldenburg biologist Gabriele Gerlach has been studying precisely how they do this on Australia's Great Barrier Reef.

The Founding Dean of the European Medical School Oldenburg-Groningen, Prof. Dr. Eckhart Hahn, in an interview about the sense of community among those involved in the project, the setting up of University Hospital Units and the selection of students – who have considerably more time for learning at Oldenburg.

Germany suffers from a lack of university graduates. One reason why Germany is lagging behind in this respect compared to other countries is that German universities are insufficiently oriented towards the requirements of lifelong learning.

How can small energy sources be integrated to form stable power grids? To answer this question the scientists working on the "SmartNord" project are looking to colony-forming insects. An interview with spokesman for the project Michael Sonnenschein and energy informatics expert Sebastian Lehnhoff.

The University of Oldenburg is expanding: At the Wechloy campus a new building which will house the Neurosensorics and Safety-Critical Systems Research Centres is under construction. The main focus: medical technologies and human-machine communication.

Nils Baratella and Ines Weber are researching subjectivisation practices in their graduate programme/research group

The University will use the Audience Response Systems for the first time in the winter semester. The general public is familiar with these devices through their use in quiz shows.