Friday, March 06, 2015

Swimming champion who survived Auschwitz

A Toulouse public swimming pool bears the name of Alfred Nacache, but how many of its users are aware of the extraordinary story of this man?Several venues in France are about to pay tribute to this Algerian Jew who overcame his fear of water to become a champion swimmer. Deported to Auschwitz, he lost his wife and daughter but returned to France to run a gym which he used to store weapons for the new state of Israel. Here's a taster in English of a biographical article by Veronique Chemla.

A new book by Denis Baud tells the extraordinary story of the swimmer from Auschwitz

Alfred Nakache was born in 1915 into a large Jewish family in Constantine (Kabylia, Algeria).
The Nakache family arrived from Iraq in the nineteenth century to settle in this
exceptional site overlooking a river, the Rhummel.

Around the age of ten, he manages to overcome his fear of water. Indeed he takes to water like a duck. Spotted for his physical stamina, Nacache is trained in the Olympic pool by two Frenchmen doing their military service in Constantine. After they leave Alfred Nakache continues training himself, hence his unorthodox approach. (He is disqualifed in one race for straying out of his lane.)He takes part in local galas, and moving to Paris to attend the prestigious Lycee Janson de Sailly, in 1935 becomes 100 m French champion.

He is one of 1, 000 Jewish athletes to take part in the 2ndMaccabiah Games in Tel Aviv in 1935, winning the silver medal in the 100 m freestyle crawl.

Alfred Nakache teaches swimming to young Parisians.

In 1936, after some hesitation, the Popular Front government decides to send a delegation to the Olympic Games in Berlin in Nazi Germany. Nacache's team comes fourth, ahead of Germany.

In 1937, Alfred Nakache does his military service in a battalion of top athletes and continues to win medals for France.

He marries a sporty childhood friend, Paula Elbaz in Paris, and together with his brothers joins the French army in 1939.

Under the Vichy regime, Jews are deprived of French nationality, and Nacache is forbidden from exercising his profession, etc.

Fleeing Paris, he takes refuge in January 1941 in the free zone, in Toulouse, where he joined the prestigious club of the TOEC Dolphins.

Alfred Nakache and Paula make a living by running a gym in rue Paul-Féral.

In 1941, his career is at its height. He breaks records in France and Europe, and completes the world's 200 butterfly breaststroke race in 2'36 ''.

It it in his hometown that his daughter Annie is born.

Anti-Semitic persecution intensifies. On 26 August 1942, 900 Jews are rounded up in Toulouse.

While some press welcomes the records broken by Alfred Nakache,
others call for his exclusion from national competitions because of
his Jewishness. In Algiers spectators hurl insults. Alfred Nakache cannot compete there.

Under German pressure, the French Swimming Federation (FFN) ban Alfred Nakache from participating in the 1943 championships in France.

According to his brother Robert, Alfred Nakache seeks refuge in Spain with his wife and their daughter.
But Annie cries so much that the couple return to Toulouse for
fear of endangering the group they had joined on this journey.

On December 20, 1943, Nakache is heckled at his home and his apartment plundered. Entrusted to a municipal institution, little Annie is arrested by the Gestapo.

A man who claims to be his friend denounces Nacache. He and his family are deported to Auschwitz on 20 January 1944. Paula and Annie are gassed. Alfred Nakache is brought to Auschwitz labor camp III and then to the camp hospital. He befriends "Young" Perez, born in Tunisia in 1911, and Noah Klieger.Deported from France, "Young" Perez is the youngest world champion in the flyweight boxing category in 1931.

To humiliate Nacache the Nazis force him to retrieve objects from dirty water.

As
the Allies advance, he is forced on death marches. "Young" Perez dies on one such march.

Alfred Nakache reaches Buchenwald. This camp is liberated on 11 April 1945. Nakache arrives in Paris on 28 April 1945.

Shattered by the news of the murder of his wife and daughter, helped by
his friends and his trainer Alban Minville, Alfred Nakache gradually
resumes his training and teaches physical education.

He wins the French championships of the 4 x 200 and 3 x 100 m relay races.

Contacted by Abraham Polonsky, former head of the Jewish Army, he hides in his gym weapons for the future state of Israel.

He returns to competition at the highest level. July 1946: he is French champion in the 200 breaststroke. He breaks the world record for the 3 x 100 m relay medley three with Alex Jany and Georges Vallerey. Participates in the Olympic Games in London (1948).

Alfred Nakache marries a young girl from Sete, Mary.
He ceases his sporting career in the 1950s and devotes himself to his
gym and to teaching.

He also helps train a talented swimmer, Jean Boiteux.

In Toulouse he takes in family driven out of Algeria: the assassination
in 1961 of the famous Jewish musician Raymond Leyris, known as Cheikh
Raymond, marks the begnning of the end of the Jewish community of Constantine. Nacache's elderly parents cannot tolerate their uprooting and die soon after their resettlement in Toulouse.

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Introduction

In just 50 years, almost a million Jews, whose communities stretch back up to 3,000 years, have been 'ethnically cleansed' from 10 Arab countries. These refugees outnumber the Palestinian refugees two to one, but their narrative has all but been ignored. Unlike Palestinian refugees, they fled not war, but systematic persecution. Seen in this light, Israel, where some 50 percent of the Jewish population descend from these refugees and are now full citizens, is the legitimate expression of the self-determination of an oppressed indigenous, Middle Eastern people.This website is dedicated to preserving the memory of the near-extinct Jewish communities, which can never return to what and where they once were - even if they wanted to. It will attempt to pass on the stories of the Jewish refugees and their current struggle for recognition and restitution. Awareness of the injustice done to these Jews can only advance the cause of peace and reconciliation.(Iran: once an ally of Israel, the Islamic Republic of Iran is now an implacable enemy and numbers of Iranian Jews have fallen drastically from 80,000 to 20,000 since the 1979 Islamic revolution. Their plight - and that of all other communities threatened by Islamism - does therefore fall within the scope of this blog.)