In 1856, Wayne MacVeagh (1833-1917), a recent Yale graduate and native of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, became an outspoken advocate of Republican presidential candidate John C. Fremont. He quickly made a name for himself as a compelling political speaker. MacVeagh thus embarked upon a life of public service and political involvement that would span three continents and fourteen presidencies and would begin a family legacy of statecraft. Serving as Chester County district attorney (1859-1864) ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, U.S. attorney general under Garfield (1880-1881), and ambassador to Italy (1894-1897), MacVeagh consistently approached politics with a reformer's eye, speaking out in favor of abolition, civil service reform, and an international system of arbitration. MacVeagh's second marriage to Virginia Cameron, the daughter of the controversial Senator Simon Cameron, did not tarnish his reputation. Following Wayne's success, his brother, Franklin MacVeagh, eventually rose to be secretary of the treasury under President Taft. Wayne MacVeagh's diplomatic legacy continued on for two generations, with the appointment of his son Charles to the Japanese Ministry and his grandson Lincoln as ambassador to Greece.

The MacVeagh (or McVeagh, with spellings used interchangeably) collection centers on the papers of Wayne MacVeagh, whose life is well documented through correspondence, legal and financial records, addresses and writings, and various diplomatic materials. Also included in the collection are some papers belonging to the Cameron family, including correspondence of MacVeagh's wife, Virginia Cameron MacVeagh, her parents, and other relatives. Other MacVeagh family members included are Wayne's sons Charles and Lincoln, as well as some correspondence belonging to Margaretta MacVeagh, the daughter of Virginia and Wayne. Rounding out the collection are papers belonging to Charles" sons Lincoln Francis Wayne, and Ewen, correspondence of Wayne's close friend John Pinkerton, Ella Ormsby Warder, and a small amount of scattered family correspondence.

Of the three sons of Margaret and Major MacVeagh - Nathan, Wayne, and Franklin - it was the oldest, Nathan, whom their Phoenixville neighbors singled out as having the most promise. Serious and diligent, Nathan seemed to have more going for him than irascible, opinionated Wayne or sickly Franklin. Isaac Wayne MacVeagh, born on April 19, 1833, was named for Pennsylvania Representative Isaac Wayne, a friend of Major's from the War of 1812 and the son of Continental Army General Anthony Wayne. His mother, Margaret Lincoln MacVeagh, was a second cousin of Abraham Lincoln. Wayne grew up in a large family, sharing his parents" affections with his six siblings: Nathan, Rebecca, Elizabeth, Mary Anna, Ellen, and Franklin. Although displaying some of the family interest in politics, Wayne was not planning a political career when he set out to Yale in 1849. Having taught briefly at his former school, the Freeland Seminary (now Ursinus College) in Montgomery County, Wayne planned on becoming a teacher before finally deciding to pursue a career in law.

Joining the Pennsylvania Bar in 1856, Wayne quickly became a well-known and respected lawyer in West Chester, Pennsylvania; he soon married Letty Lewis, the daughter of another West Chester attorney. It was a presidential election year, and Wayne, concerned about the increasingly unstable state of the nation, decided to use his skills of oratory to aid the embattled Republican candidate John C. Fremont. Dissenting from his father, MacVeagh spoke out against the Democratic Party. Though Fremont lost his bid for office, the campaign secured a place for the bright, young Wayne MacVeagh in Pennsylvania politics. Riding his newfound notoriety, MacVeagh ran for, and won, the seat of district attorney in his native Chester County in 1859. The death of Wayne MacVeagh's father in the mid-1850s left his son with new responsibilities, the most taxing of which was the guardianship of younger brother Franklin. Wayne sacrificed considerably to send his brother to Freeland Seminary and to Yale. The brothers established a close bond, corresponding frequently for the next fifty years.

Running as a candidate of the People's Party in 1859, MacVeagh remained committed to Republicanism on the national level, strongly supporting Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 presidential race and publicizing the little-known candidate throughout Pennsylvania. Letty"s father Joseph Lewis, editor of a small Pennsylvania paper, published an autobiographical sketch of Lincoln that significantly bolstered support and was picked up by larger papers throughout the mid-Atlantic region. As President, Lincoln rewarded Lewis with an appointment as director of Internal Revenue.

The Republican triumph of 1860, however, was not to be sustained for long. As the fragile web of political compromises holding the nation together broke down following Lincoln's election, the country slid into Civil War. Committed to the Union and to the President, both Wayne and Nathan joined the northern forces. Wayne served a primarily administrative function from West Chester, and was not called into combat. Nathan, involved in a number of skirmishes, incurred several wounds and had to return home. He died of his wounds in 1864. Letty Lewis was also not to make it through the war, succumbing to illness in the same year and leaving Wayne to care for their two young sons, Charles and Lincoln.
As the country struggled to reform in the wake of the Civil War, Wayne MacVeagh also began to rebuild. In 1866, he married Virginia Cameron, known as "Jennie" or "Jinny," the daughter of Pennsylvania machine boss Simon Cameron. The reputation of Cameron, who was known for shady dealings and often charged with outright corruption, was a stark contrast to MacVeagh's pristine mantle of reform. MacVeagh was careful to keep his political distance from his father-in-law, who was seen as morally suspect by MacVeagh's colleagues in the cause of civil service reform. Although the two sometimes clashed politically, however, Cameron maintained a cordial relationship with MacVeagh, and continued his warm, affectionate correspondence with Jennie and her children, Wayne Jr. and Margaretta, for the remainder of his life.

In 1871, MacVeagh was appointed ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and he and Jennie set off for Constantinople. This appointment marked MacVeagh's first direct experience in the federal government. Known for his sharp tongue and caustic wit, Wayne and the already well-connected Jennie became staples of the Washington social scene upon their return from Constantinople, as Wayne's circle of correspondents and friends became increasingly distinguished. His knowledge and keen sense of humor made him a favorite of such figures as Samuel Clemens, Henry Adams, and a host of Washington insiders. In 1877, MacVeagh received national attention when President Hayes put him in charge of a commission sent to resolve tensions in Louisiana following the disputed presidential and gubernatorial elections of the previous year. The "MacVeagh Commission" was successful in its efforts, and order was restored to the state after a number of conciliatory gestures from the federal government, including the withdrawal of troops, appeased local officials and began the return of Southern home rule and Democratic dominance.

In 1880, James A. Garfield, the new president elected from the bitterly divided Republican Party, selected Wayne MacVeagh as his attorney general. In his new post, MacVeagh continued to champion the cause of civil service reform while investigating the complex political scandal known as the Star Route Controversy, a remnant from the Grant administration. MacVeagh's tenure in the Cabinet, however, was to be short-lived. After the death of Garfield in September, 1881, several months after he was shot by Charles Guiteau, MacVeagh declined to continue his work in the new Arthur administration. Although MacVeagh and Arthur had maintained a friendly working relationship, they were members of two incompatible Republican factions and, MacVeagh reasoned, Arthur deserved to have a Cabinet of like-minded individuals. Unable to reconcile his views with Arthur's, MacVeagh resigned his post.

After his resignation in 1881, MacVeagh went back to private legal practice for the remainder of the decade, continuing to exert political influence from the private sector. In 1884, disenchanted with the Republican Party and concerned about the imperialistic urges of some politicians, MacVeagh became a "mugwump," a former Republican who endorsed the candidacy of Democrat Grover Cleveland. Another incentive for MacVeagh's conversion was the Republican nomination of James G. Blaine, with whom he had served in Garfield's Cabinet and whose dubious political dealings had earned him the moniker "The Continental Liar from the State of Maine." Never one to keep his opinions under wraps, MacVeagh gave a number of well-received addresses in support of Cleveland, alienating some of his former Republican allies and earning him the esteem of Democrats and other "mugwumps."

On January 1, 1893, Wayne MacVeagh Jr. died suddenly while visiting his parents over the winter holidays. Wayne Sr. and Jennie were devastated. The following year, Wayne was appointed the first United States ambassador to the newly-consolidated country of Italy, and he, Jennie, and daughter Margaretta set out for some much-needed respite in Rome. They remained abroad for three years. During that time, Wayne received frequent warnings from his son Charles and friend John Pinkerton about the condition of his alcoholic, self-destructive son, Lincoln. Wayne, having just lost a child, pleaded with Lincoln to find a safe haven until his return. Although Lincoln did pull through this period, he would not outlive his father.

Returning to Washington in 1898, MacVeagh practiced law while speaking and publishing articles in opposition to American imperialism. He remained an influential figure and presidential advisor for the rest of his life. In 1903, Wayne was appointed as U.S. counsel at the Hague Tribunal on Venezuelan arbitration. In 1909, he was gratified to hear that his brother, Franklin, had been appointed President Taft's secretary of the treasury. Largely inexperienced in the field, Franklin contributed to the department through a tightening of efficiency standards and the commission of a new coin, the buffalo nickel.

After MacVeagh's death in 1917, the family continued to take an active role in politics. His son, Charles, was a well-known New York attorney who served as Ambassador to Japan from 1925 to 1929. In the following generation, Charles" son Lincoln, named for his unfortunate uncle, served as ambassador to Greece.

Scope and content

This collection is composed primarily of materials relating to the life of Wayne MacVeagh, all of which are grouped into Series I. These materials include incoming correspondence from MacVeagh's college years to within a few months of his death, outgoing correspondence spanning fifty years, and papers, notes, and newspaper clippings covering the length of MacVeagh's political career. Although the relationship of the clippings to MacVeagh himself is often direct and apparent, the collection of clippings also reflects MacVeagh's broader political interests. Among the other materials in this series are legal notes and papers from MacVeagh's own legal career and the work of his associates. The financial records in this series are relatively thin and incomplete.

In addition to the papers of Wayne MacVeagh, this collection includes some materials belonging to MacVeagh's second wife, Virginia Cameron MacVeagh. Series II contains a folder of Virginia"s correspondence, most of which is incoming with a small number of letters written by Virginia herself. Other materials in this series include a few receipts and a folder of miscellaneous materials. A small amount of material belonging to other members of the Cameron family also appears in this collection, including some correspondence belonging to Virginia"s parents, Simon and Margaret Cameron, a folder of poetry written around 1918 by an unidentified author, and some miscellaneous materials.
The collection also features some materials related to other members of the MacVeagh family, including Wayne MacVeagh's son Charles; Wayne and Virginia"s children Lincoln and Margaretta; Joseph Lewis, the father of Wayne's first wife, Letty; John Pinkerton, a close friend and legal associate of Wayne's, as well as the guardian of Lincoln MacVeagh during his parents" stint in Italy; Mrs. Ella Ormsby Warder, of uncertain connection to the family; and Francis Wayne, Ewen, and Lincoln MacVeagh, sons of Charles and wife Fanny. Most of these subseries consist of a few pieces of incoming correspondence. Exceptions to this trend is the Margaretta MacVeagh subseries, which contains a number of Presidential invitations and visiting cards, and the Francis Wayne and Ewen MacVeagh subseries, which contain primarily academic papers. There is also a folder of miscellaneous family correspondence that includes a letter from Letty Lewis, a letter from Margaret MacVeagh to one of her sons, a letter from Nathan MacVeagh to his father, and an assortment of scattered correspondence of other family members otherwise unrepresented in the collection.

In addition to the papers, the collection includes about thirty unlabelled photographs of family members including Wayne and Jennie, animals, and locations. Of the few artifacts included, two are metal plates inscribed respectively with the wedding invitation information of the MacVeagh-Cameron nuptials and the name "Wayne MacVeagh." There is also a wooden ornament of undetermined purpose, a medal awarded to Wayne, and a couple of imprinted wax discs.

The incoming correspondence of Wayne MacVeagh spans from MacVeagh's college years at Yale to the year before his death in 1917. Every stage of his professional life is covered, including his legal career in Pennsylvania, his county, state, and national political positions, and his diplomatic posts in the Ottoman Empire and Italy. Much of the correspondence is personal, and provides a clear and often detailed picture of MacVeagh's relationships with his friends, family, and professional associates. Among MacVeagh's friends were a number of prominent figures, including Henry Adams, Charles Francis Adams Jr., Brooks Adams, John Hay, Samuel Clemens, Andrew Dickson White, Matthew Arnold, and James Russell Lowell. MacVeagh's correspondence also provides insight into his relationships with political figures to whom he was related, including father-in-law Simon Cameron and brother Franklin MacVeagh, Secretary of the Treasury under President Taft. Other notable correspondents include Horace Greeley, painter William Trost Richards, Edwin Stanton, Salmon P. Chase, Andrew Carnegie, Charles William Eliot, William Jennings Bryan, and United States Presidents Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, William McKinley, William Howard Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson.

The collected correspondence begins with letters to a college-aged Wayne MacVeagh from his family and friends in Pennsylvania. MacVeagh, who graduated from Yale in 1853, received regular correspondence from his father, Major MacVeagh, and brothers Franklin and Nathan while at school. These letters address subjects pertaining to the family as well as local and national politics. There are also a number of letters from MacVeagh's friend Charlton Lewis on Lewis" developing religious views and faltering love life.

Upon his graduation from the Yale, Wayne MacVeagh returned to Pennsylvania to begin his legal career. His political interests intensified during the mid-1850s, and the correspondence reflects MacVeagh's growing admiration for the Republican cause, a position which did not jibe with his father's political views. MacVeagh publicly endorsed Fremont in the 1856 Presidential election, and was invited to speak to Fremont supporters on a number of occasions. There is also a letter from this year expressing the family's approval of Wayne's baptism and induction into "Jesus Christ's Church," which may be either an obscure religious sect, or, more likely, a generic term for Christianity, in keeping with the typical mid-nineteenth-century non-denominational evangelical attitude. Additional letters document the illness, decline, and death of MacVeagh's father, as well as the selling of the family home in Phoenixville and purchase of a gravestone. It is also around this time that MacVeagh married his first wife Letty Lewis, the sister of his friend Charlton, though no specific mention of the nuptials is made in the correspondence.

After his father's death, Wayne MacVeagh assumed much of the responsibility for the family estate and for his younger brother, Franklin. Wayne paid for his brother's education at the Freeland Seminary and at Yale, and there is a series of letters spanning Franklin's years at school detailing his daily life, accomplishments, and expenses. Also of interest are letters of congratulations sent to Wayne and Letty upon the birth of their first child, Joseph Lewis MacVeagh, in March of 1857. Although Joseph did not live to adulthood, Letty and Wayne had two other sons within the next few years, Charles and Lincoln, who did survive. MacVeagh continued his political efforts during this period, enlisting the assistance of fellow-Republican Horace Greeley to bolster his various causes in Pennsylvania. There are two letters from Greeley to MacVeagh, in one of which, written in August of 1858, Greeley assures MacVeagh that he "will try to touch your district with the better end of my quill. But there things have to be done very carefully." There are also letters relating to Wayne's 1859 election to the office of district attorney of Chester County, Pennsylvania, including responses to MacVeagh's requests for support from influential residents.

Firmly dedicated to Republicanism, MacVeagh worked to promote the candidacy of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, and his correspondence includes a number of letters from friends on the issues and figures associated with that race, both before and after Lincoln's nomination. As the country entered into civil war in the following year, MacVeagh received a number of letters from friends and family on the crisis at hand described by MacVeagh's college friend Andrew Dickson White as "the second war of the Revolution." There is also a letter from Franklin to his brother on the subject of the war and the status of MacVeagh's brother-in-law, Enoch Lewis, who had already enlisted.

The remainder of the correspondence from the war years covers Franklin's 1862 graduation from Yale and relocation to New York City, the death of Wayne's wife Letty in the same year, and a number of updates from Letty's father, Joseph Lewis, whom President Lincoln had appointed Director of Internal Revenue. In April of 1864, Wayne received a telegram informing him that his older brother Nathan was dying of wounds incurred in battle. Franklin, having established a legal firm with Charlton Lewis and growing concerned about his health, set off for a long journey in the West, reporting back to his brother that, although the western air was a help to his lungs, "rattlesnakes are abundant." Franklin was still traveling as the war drew to a close, writing to Wayne in April of 1865 on the reaction to the fall of Richmond in St. Paul, Minnesota. "Bells rang, bands played, ladies waved their handkerchiefs," Franklin reported, "...but the grand peculiarity of the day was that nearly everybody got drunk, and nobody was shocked."

By the mid-1860s MacVeagh had become a political insider, and there is some correspondence from the later years of the war from senators and cabinet members, including Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, responding to MacVeagh's advice. There is also some correspondence concerning the court martial of Enoch Lewis, involving Enoch's apparent alcoholic tendencies and a "strumpet witness." This matter was resolved by June of 1864, however, and Enoch was once again with the army, assuring Wayne: "My officers and men like me much. I have obtained the cognomen of "Bold Bugger." I got that in the first fight."

Following the war, the correspondence returns to primarily domestic topics. A letter from Franklin in August of 1866 announces his engagement to Emily Eames, while letters sent the preceding spring document the death of Sarah Lewis, an aunt of the late Letty. One of the most notable of these family letters comes from Wayne's cousin Jo, who, feeling snubbed at her apparent exclusion from a social gathering, inquired of Wayne in October of 1866: "Are you the stupidest man in the world or am I the dullest woman?" There are also several letters from that winter relating to the efforts of Wayne's mother, his friend Luther Jones, and a Mrs. Moorehead to set Wayne up with a suitable woman of standing. In his numerous letters to MacVeagh, Jones expressed his own anxieties over the courtship process, admitting before one date: "My clothes are as terrible to me as my nakedness." For MacVeagh, however, social interaction was less of a struggle. In December, 1866, Wayne became engaged to Virginia "Jennie" Cameron, the daughter of Senator Simon Cameron, an old acquaintance of Wayne's from the world of Pennsylvania politics.

MacVeagh's relationship with Senator Cameron put his political reputation in jeopardy. Cameron was a highly controversial figure throughout his career, and was widely considered to be a corrupt and opportunistic politician. Known as "The Great Winnebago Chief" for his swindling of Winnebago Indians in 1838 and the "Czar of Pennsylvania" for his operation of the state's Republican machine, Cameron had been dismissed from his appointment as Lincoln's secretary of war after only less than a year on the job following allegations of favoritism in the granting of departmental positions. After being censured by the House of Representatives, Cameron was elected to the Senate in 1867. Letters to Wayne MacVeagh from the late 1860s indicate that, in marrying into the Cameron family, MacVeagh was risking his reputation as an honest political reformer. Although MacVeagh was ultimately able to keep his political distance from Cameron, privately the two maintained cordial relations and corresponded regularly until Cameron's death. The Washington connections MacVeagh gained through his familial link with Jennie and Simon Cameron may have helped boost his national political standing.

In 1870, Wayne MacVeagh was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Constantinople, where he relocated with Jennie. The MacVeagh children, Lincoln and Charley, stayed in Pennsylvania with relatives. In a letter dated December, 1870, Lincoln informed his father: "I play Base Ball more than any game so I will be very strong when you come back." MacVeagh remained overseas until the fall of 1871, when he resigned his post and returned to Pennsylvania. MacVeagh was replaced by George Boker, who wrote several letters to his predecessor from Constantinople, one of which, dated November, 1872, begins: "I premise by informing you that I have the damnedest cold that ever a poor devil was afflicted with, and let that account for all the following stupidity."

Also of note are letters from Franklin, married to Emily Eames and living in Chicago, in which he relates extensive information on the fires which devastated that city in October, 1871, including details of the destruction and rebuilding. "Believe in Chicago," Franklin wrote on October 12. "It is the pluckiest community in the world--you can neither form a conception of this disaster nor of the perfect self-possession with which it is met."

As MacVeagh's fame and political stature grew, his circle of correspondents developed accordingly. The late-1870s correspondence provides a substantial amount of material from high-profile friends and associates of MacVeagh, including Charles Francis Adams, Jr., James G. Blaine, Richard Henry Dana, Jr., James Russell Lowell, Rutherford B. Hayes, George William Curtis, and Matthew Arnold. Hayes entrusted MacVeagh with his civil service reform legislation, which remained MacVeagh's great political cause throughout the next decade, and also with the commission sent to Louisiana in 1877 to settle the disputed gubernatorial elections which had resulted in the presence of two administrations, one Republican and one Democratic. This group, which became known as the "MacVeagh Commission," secured the uncontested presidency of Hayes, through an agreement which included the recognition of a Democratic governor and the withdrawal of federal troops from the state.

A loyal Republican, MacVeagh supported James A. Garfield for the presidency in 1880. In February, 1881, MacVeagh received a letter from Garfield's native Mentor, Ohio. "My Dear Sir," the note began, "I want your assistance in the work before me-will you accept the office of Attorney General? Please answer me at the Riggs House, Washington-Very truly yours, J.A. Garfield." MacVeagh accepted the appointment, and received a flood of congratulations through the month of March, including notes from Andrew Carnegie, Richard Dana, Thomas E. Cochran, and Isaac Wistar.
On July 2, 1881, President Garfield was shot by the mentally ill Stalwart supporter Charles Guiteau, who expected fellow Stalwart Chester Arthur to reward him for his actions. Garfield clung to life for over two months, during which time MacVeagh stayed by his side, overseeing the president's medical treatment and attempting to stabilize the federal government. One of the most pressing issues for the attorney general was the prosecution of Guiteau, whose apparent insanity placed any criminal prosecution in jeopardy. MacVeagh received a number of letters on Guiteau during the president's months of illness, including one from Henry Adams urging an official acknowledgement of Guiteau's mental instability.

Other correspondence includes telegrams on the president's progress, notes from James G. Blaine, and a number of letters from concerned citizens with suggestions for the president's care. Among these are suggestions of mesmerism, "human magnetism" (a procedure employing several large magnets run over the body), buttermilk, mountain water, a specific salve (with an attached advertisement), and a transfusion of one half of the president's blood. Several letters suggest that the president was the victim of poisoning, possibly at the hands of his physicians.

A letter from Garfield's doctors reported his death at 10:35 PM, September 19, 1881. Within days, MacVeagh announced his intention to resign. After leaving the Cabinet in November, MacVeagh returned to West Chester to resume his law practice. There he continued his correspondence with Henry Adams and A. D. White, with whom he discussed personal as well as political issues.

Two letters from the headmaster of Exeter Academy to MacVeagh in 1885 informed him of the faltering performance of his son, Wayne, Jr. Although the faculty very much likes Wayne Jr., Headmaster Walter Quincy Scott, explained, "I am satisfied that he fails to realize how much his companionship with persons fond of "good times" interferes with his studies and his training." Of particular concern was "the attention he has been observed to pay to young ladies." After two letters from a miserable Wayne Jr., MacVeagh received word of his son's expulsion. MacVeagh then set his son up with a tutor in Cambridge in hopes of his passing the Harvard entrance exam.

1892 marked a time of significant political activity for Wayne MacVeagh who, unable to support the Republican Party in the presidential election, became a "mugwump," rallying behind Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland and encouraging other disenchanted Republicans to do the same. Incidentally, it appears that Charles MacVeagh was, at this time, employed at Cleveland's New York law firm. MacVeagh made a number of pro-Cleveland speeches, and received many letters of congratulations. With his busy speaking schedule, MacVeagh had to decline a visit to see his brother Franklin and the opening of the Chicago Columbian Exposition.

On January 1, 1893, Wayne Jr. died abruptly in his parents" Pennsylvania home. At home for the holidays, Wayne apparently fell ill several days before his death and quickly declined. Many letters of condolence mark this event.

In that same year, MacVeagh was appointed the first United States ambassador to Italy. Wayne, Jennie, and their daughter Margaretta moved to Rome the following year. The correspondence from MacVeagh's tenure in this position consists of both diplomatic and personal material. Among the diplomatic correspondence is a series of letters in reference to a Mrs. Green who, according to a note from First Lady Frances Folsom Cleveland, was a woman of questionable character. Among the personal correspondence is a note from William McKinley, letters from Henry Adams and Andrew Carnegie on William Jennings Bryan and the election of 1896, several letters pertaining to the divorce and alcoholism of Lincoln MacVeagh, and a letter from Samuel Clemens on the sudden death of his daughter, Susy.

The MacVeaghs returned to the United States in 1898, and Wayne continued to offer political advice to his friends in Washington. A staunch anti-imperialist, Wayne voiced his opposition to the Spanish-American War openly. Although policymakers listened, however, they were not necessarily swayed by his arguments. "My dear MacVeagh," begins a note from Theodore Roosevelt written in September, 1898, "You are more than kind, Believe me, I appreciate your letter and value most highly your good opinion. You understand what it was that made me feel I must go to the war." When the assassination of McKinley brought Roosevelt to the presidency three years later, MacVeagh was one of the men he contacted for advice and guidance.

In the later years of his life, Wayne MacVeagh continued to practice law and take an active role in the political life of the nation. In 1901, acting as senior associate of the firm of McKenney & Flannery, he negotiated a deal between Andrew Cassatt of the Pennsylvania Railroad and Andrew Carnegie. In 1903, MacVeagh served as chief counsel of the United States before the Hague Tribunal in the Venezuelan arbitration. MacVeagh became interested and involved with Central and South American politics after this point, living in Havana for a period of time in 1909 and corresponding with friends on the political developments in these regions.

In 1909, Franklin MacVeagh, like his older brother before him, became a member of the Cabinet when William Howard Taft appointed him secretary of the treasury. Wayne MacVeagh also received a letter in November, 1909, from Lionel Robinson of the London Reform Club reporting the overseas discovery of MacVeagh's old friend Luther M. Jones, who had apparently disappeared many years ago with considerable debt to his name. Robinson wrote that he had sent an envoy to the American Association in London, "where he learnt that L.M. (without the Jones) has been known to the Society for at least five + twenty years...and that he was described in its Register as a "gentleman tramp"!"

MacVeagh's correspondence tapers considerably after 1909 until his death in January, 1917, although there are a few interesting letters from Charles Francis Adams Jr. and Woodrow Wilson (as president of Princeton, governor of New Jersey, and president of the United States). Letters of condolence upon MacVeagh's death are filed with the correspondence of Virginia Cameron MacVeagh.

The bulk of Wayne MacVeagh's outgoing correspondence begins in 1870, when he and his wife departed for Constantinople. In his absence, MacVeagh entrusted many of his financial responsibilities to friend and fellow Pennsylvania attorney John Pinkerton, who was also left in guardianship of the MacVeagh children. There is one letter to the MacVeagh children with this collection, a harsh note reprimanding the boys for their failure to write to their parents. According to the date, however, this letter had probably been written but unsent when the MacVeaghs received Lincoln's letter on his progress in "Base Ball," and may have been retained for this reason.

The majority of the outgoing correspondence from 1870-1871 consists of MacVeagh's weekly letters to his mother-in-law, Margaret Cameron. The letters are written almost as a daily log, detailing the experiences and impressions of Wayne and Jennie while abroad in Constantinople, London, Glasgow, Paris, and an unidentified Asian city. In addition to daily reflections, MacVeagh wrote to Mrs. Cameron in regard to politics, religion, and his domestic life. He even saw fit to write to her about his marital concerns, complaining that he was a ""hen-pecked" husband."

Despite MacVeagh's relatively short stint as attorney general, there is a considerable amount of outgoing correspondence from this period. In an August letter to Postmaster Thomas L. James, for example, MacVeagh relates his impressions of the Star Route political corruption case, describing the case as it might be seen by a humorist such as Mark Twain. Correspondence from 1881 also includes a draft of MacVeagh's letter of resignation, another letter detailing his reasons for resigning his Cabinet position, and another describing his feelings on Blaine, Garfield, and Arthur. In addition to MacVeagh's professional correspondence, there are a few personal letters from his time in the Cabinet. Upon his resignation, he wrote a letter to his son, Wayne Jr., expressing his hopes for the future. "My dear Wayne," it begins, "I am sending you this note written from the seat reserved for the Attorney General in front of the Chief Justice--It is probably the last time I will be entitled to occupy it officially and I hope that you will always cherish it as a worthy ambition to follow me, some day, in its occupancy."

Although there is some personal correspondence through the end of MacVeagh's life, the majority of his letters after Wayne Jr.'s death relate to his son, Lincoln, and MacVeagh's attempts to protect him. Lincoln's problems seem to have begun while the MacVeaghs were in Italy, in the early 1870s. As MacVeagh received disturbing reports from John Pinkerton and John Hammond, the brother of Lincoln's wife Mary, he became increasingly concerned. Lincoln was irresponsible, bad with money, unable to support his family, and prone to smoking and drinking. His problems were so severe that, by 1896, Wayne MacVeagh was begging his son to find a safe place to stay until his return, "in such protection from access to your two accursed enemies of stimulants and tobacco." Lincoln did not curb his indulgences; in November of 1896 John Pinkerton reported that Lincoln had contracted blood poisoning from excessive use of tobacco. Obituaries following Wayne MacVeagh's death in 1917 do not list Lincoln among his surviving relatives, although there is no reference to his death in the correspondence.

There are a number of interesting letters from MacVeagh after his appointment as ambassador to Italy, including 1901 letters to President Roosevelt on Cuba and Andrew Carnegie on business ethics and Andrew Cassatt, a 1902 letter to Clarence Darrow, and several telegrams sent from his 1903 appearance before the Hague Tribunal. During the later years of his life, MacVeagh also found himself embroiled in a number of minor scandals. The first of these came upon his return from The Hague, when The Sun ran an editorial reporting that MacVeagh had been recalled from the Tribunal after an embarrassing performance. MacVeagh demanded the paper rescind this calumny, presenting evidence to refute the charges. When the paper printed an apology, MacVeagh cut it out of the paper and sent it to his son, Charles. Another minor scandal, this one in the winter of 1905, involved the proposed erection of a statue in the image of Matthew Quay in Harrisburg. Quay, a leader of the Pennsylvania Republican machine of which Simon Cameron was also a leading figure, had been an associate of MacVeagh's from his Republican days, though the two often came into conflict.

MacVeagh remained politically active until the end of his life. This subseries contains a number of letters on South American politics dated 1911, as well as a somewhat contentious letter to President Wilson from January, 1914, three years before MacVeagh's death. In addition to the loose correspondence, the collection includes six letterbooks, one of which is marked "Letters of Cases" and contains letters pertaining solely to MacVeagh's legal practice. The other five books contain letters on personal, political, and professional subjects, and cover the periods of January, 1873 to January, 1875; February, 1876 to January, 1877; January, 1878 to November, 1888; March, 1879 to January, 1889 and January, 1889 to May, 1891 respectively. There is no apparent reason for the overlapping chronological coverage of the letterbooks.

This subseries contains a large number of newspaper and periodical clippings on Wayne's political activities and those of political interest to him. Although it is unclear who collected these clippings, the handwriting on a number of them suggests that Wayne himself was responsible for the collection. These clippings provide interesting insight into the media depiction and public perception of MacVeagh, as well as his personal areas of political interest. In addition to the clippings, this subseries contains materials related to Wayne's 1859 election as Chester County district attorney, including notes and ballots. Also included is a pro-Republican speech delivered in Philadelphia during the 1876 presidential election, in which Wayne focuses on the dangers of electing a Democrat rather than the qualities of the particular Republican candidate in question (Rutherford B. Hayes).

The remainder of this subseries is composed of volumes relating to the construction of the Panama Canal and the Venezuelan arbitration at The Hague. Among the volumes relating to the Panama Canal is a four-volume history of the Panama Canal Company and Panama Railroad Company of unspecified authorship. Also included are two reports from the New Panama Canal Company, in French, one of which is the report of the Board of Directors from April 23, 1904, in which the Board decides to make a formal agreement with the United States and liquidate the company. The following report is from the New Panama Canal Company "en liquidation," and contains the report of the Board of Directors, reports of various commissioners, and a report of the Liquidation Committee, dated July 4, 1904.

Other Panama-related materials include a copy of ""I Took the Isthmus": Ex-President Roosevelt's Confession, Colombia's Protest and Editorial Comment by American Newspapers on "How the United States Acquired the Right to Build the Panama Canal"," printed in 1911 and a four-volume report entitled "The Story of Panama: Hearings on the Rainey Resolution before the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives." There are also a number of additional French publications and one Spanish-language publication, "Tratado entre la Republica de Colombia y los Estados Unidos de America," which is a printed copy of a 1914 treaty between Colombia and the United States.

The other printed volumes in this subseries relate to the Hague Tribunal at which Wayne presented the opening argument. Although listed as "Counsel" on a number of these publications, the uncertain origins and authorship of any given section leaves the authorship too uncertain to consider these arguments among MacVeagh's writings. Those volumes to which Wayne seems to have contributed are: "Before the International Tribunal at The Hague: Great Britain, Germany, and Italy against Venezuela, Preliminary Examination of the Question on Behalf of Venezuela" and "Before the Hague Tribunal: Appendix to the Preliminary Examination on Behalf of Venezuela in the Question of Preferential Treatment," both of which are attributed to MacVeagh, Herbert W. Bowen, and William L. Penfield. There is also a typed manuscript titled "The Value of the Venezuelan Arbitration to the Hague Tribunal" with notes from Wayne.

Other Hague materials included are "Recueil des Actes et Protocoles Concernant le Litige Entre l"Allemagne, l"Angleterre et l"Italie et Venezuela," a collection of acts and signed protocols concerning the Hague hearings, many of which were signed in Washington, and two volumes of British arguments: "Venezuelan Claims Arbitration in the Permanent Court of Arbitration of The Hague: British Claims Against Venezuela, the Case on Behalf of the Government of His Britannic Majesty," and "Venezuelan Claims Arbitration: Speeches Delivered by the British Counsel before the Tribunal at The Hague."

This subseries contains three folders of notes and papers related to court cases handled by Wayne and his associates. For most of the material, such as an 1879 hearing transcript, Wayne MacVeagh does not have an apparent connection to the case. Among the material that is directly linked to MacVeagh, however, is an 1859 certificate allowing Wayne to argue before the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, an 1865 Internal Revenue license to practice law, for which MacVeagh paid ten dollars, and an 1894 partnership contract between Wayne and Franklin MacVeagh for the Chicago firm of Franklin MacVeagh & Co.

Bound materials include "Arguments of the defendants in United States of America v. United States Steel Corporation," in which counsel argues that the company did not violate the Federal Anti-Trust Act. Although Wayne does not seem to have been involved in this case, associates Joseph H. Choate and Francis Lynde Stetson were on the defense team. Other printed materials include "Richards v. The Phoenix Iron Company: Appellees" Brief" and "Revenues of Rail Carriers in Official Classification Territory: Brief of Louis D. Brandeis, Special Counsel for Interstate Commerce Commission," 1914. It is likely that Wayne had these publications in conjunction with his work for the Pennsylvania Railroad.

This small subseries contains one folder of financial material including check stubs, cancelled checks, and a sight draft. Also included is a bank book from the Bank of Chester County, showing a record of MacVeagh's account from 1856-1859, as well as two fee books, one from 1868, the other from 1871, marked "#3" and "#4" respectively. The subseries also contains settlements of MacVeagh's diplomatic accounts, a mortgage for a Lower Merion property, and two condensed balance sheets from the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, dated 1909 and 1911.

This subseries contains miscellaneous materials from Wayne MacVeagh's private and public life. Included are Presidential invitations; invitations from MacVeagh's diplomatic post in Italy; and menus, programs, and seating charts from various social engagements, most of which are linked to MacVeagh's diplomatic career. There is also a folder of various miscellaneous materials from Italy and a large number of visiting cards, including cards of Henry Adams, Frances Folsom Cleveland, and Ulysses S. Grant. Some of these were left in sympathy after the death of Wayne Jr. in 1893. There is one small notebook in which Wayne recorded some of his favorite quotations, mostly from Shakespeare or classical sources, and another notebook in which Wayne appears to have begun an inventory of letters he received, though the origins and purpose of this very scanty list are unclear.

In addition, there is an undated twenty-two-page manuscript in Wayne's handwriting, entitled "Fifty Years of American Politics." This brief account only runs through Wayne's college years, but provides interesting insight into his family life and education. There is no evidence that this project continued beyond these twenty-two pages. A typed address delivered by Wayne to a New Jersey teachers" conference in 1903 sheds still more light on Wayne's school and teaching experiences, and addresses the question of the long-term significance of the Hague Tribunal and international arbitration.

This subseries also includes some printed materials, among which are two 1898 speeches delivered by Franklin, one on "Inevitable National Expansion" and the other on the expansion of democracy, delivered at the Peace Jubilee Banquet in Chicago. MacVeagh also received a number of inscribed speeches from his friends, including two from French Ambassador J. J. Jusserand. One of these, a Phi Beta Kappa address delivered at Harvard in 1912, is inscribed "to my eloquent successor Hon. Wayne MacVeagh with sincerest regards." Also included is a copy of "The Panama Canal Zone: An Epochal Event in Sanitation" by Charles Francis Adams, signed in 1911 "with very kind regards" from the author.

Virginia "Jennie" Rolette Cameron was one of Simon and Margaret Brua Cameron's six children. The earliest of Jennie Cameron's correspondence, most of which is incoming, is a note from then-suitor Wayne MacVeagh, who writes: "My dear Miss Jennie...I would be glad to take a walk with you at half past eight or earlier if I am disengaged--will it be entirely convenient for you?" Jennie also received correspondence from friends and family, including a number of letters from each of her parents, Simon and Margaret Cameron, and letters from her son, Wayne Jr. There is also a letter from Lucretia Garfield following the death of Simon Cameron in 1889 and letters of condolence received upon the deaths of Wayne Jr. in 1893 and Wayne Sr. in 1917.

Although there is only one folder of material in this subseries, it includes some interesting pieces from the life of Jennie Cameron. The earliest materials are a couple of notes written by Simon Cameron, then Lincoln's secretary of war, allowing his daughter and her entourage passage through militarily sensitive areas during the Civil War. There is also a sheet showing the corps badges of the Army of the Potomac, presented to her in June, 1863. Following the war, Jennie helped to organize the 1866 Dauphin County Soldiers" Fair, of which she served as president. This collection includes two promotional flyers authored by Jennie and a season ticket to the fair signed by her.

Of the material from the period after her marriage to Wayne MacVeagh, the majority is from their time in Europe. Included is a list of clothes Jennie took with her from Paris to Rome in 1894 and a partially-filled dance card from a gathering in Italy, dated 1895. There is also a recipe for "milk punch" and three railroad passes from 1894-1899.

This small amount of correspondence includes two letters from Simon Cameron to a colleague in 1833, in which Cameron comments on Southern unrest and the state of the Union, as well as a letter from a soldier to his wife and family, dated 1942.

The folder of original poetry included in this collection was apparently written by a member of the Cameron family, and appears here in handwritten and typed formats. A couple of sheets are dated 1918, though the majority are undated.

The majority of these materials cannot be attributed to a specific person, and are grouped with the Cameron family materials in accordance with their previous organization. There are a number of advertisements andarticles included, as well as a copy of the Saturday Evening Post, Harvard Lampoon Edition, April 23, 1936. There is also a typed copy of an article titled: "Reply of Mr. Caruthers Ewing to the Toast- "The Hookworm"--Is it Right to take it away from the People of the South?" Also included are a small number of unused postcards, an inventory of antiquities, and a round ticket marked "Ascot, Royal Enclosure, 1895."

Joseph Lewis was the father of Charlton and Letty Lewis, who married Wayne MacVeagh in 1856. Lewis was a politically-minded attorney and newspaper editor whose championing of Abraham Lincoln's candidacy earned him a Washington position as director of Internal Revenue. As a lawyer in West Chester, he and Wayne were colleagues, and nearly all of the material in this subseries relates to one local case, a family property dispute between Eliza Eyre and her brother, Samuel Painter. Although Wayne MacVeagh is not mentioned in any of these letters or documents, it is possible that he advised Joseph Lewis in the case, and thereby came into possession of the material.

The eldest child of Wayne MacVeagh and Letty Lewis, Charles did well in school, eventually becoming a successful attorney in New York and working closely with fellow attorney Grover Cleveland. Charles was appointed U.S. Ambassador to Japan by President Coolidge, serving from 1925 to 1929. The small amount of correspondence collected here is both incoming and outgoing, and is mostly in reference to other members of the MacVeagh family. Several letters pertain to the debts of Lincoln MacVeagh, whom the more responsible Charles tried to assist and with whom he was quite close. There is also one letter from Lincoln to Charles, dated 1901, and a letter on the illness of Wayne Jr., written a day before his death in 1893. Also included is a 1929 letter from publisher George Putnam suggesting that Charles write a biography of his father, and a draft of Charles" reply, in which he informs Putnam that his father's papers were left with his sister, Margaretta.

Lincoln, the second son of Wayne MacVeagh and Letty Lewis, led a troubled life. Lincoln was married twice, practically deserting his first wife and their children (who dropped the MacVeagh name), and was supported by his father through adulthood. His brother Charles also helped to stabilize Lincoln's finances, and most of the material in this subseries is financial information showing the joint accounts and various transactions of Lincoln and Charles. There is also one letter of condolence received after the death of Lincoln's brother, Wayne MacVeagh Jr.

The only daughter of Wayne MacVeagh and Virginia Cameron, Margaretta accompanied her parents on their diplomatic journey to Italy and maintained a close, affectionate correspondence with Samuel Clemens" daughter Olivia (known as Susy) until Olivia"s abrupt death. After this point, Margaretta remained friends with Clemens" younger daughter, Clara. Margaretta left the United States after her father's death in 1917, traveling around Europe and eventually marrying Captain Stuart Farrar Smith, son of Civil War General William Farrar Smith. This subseries includes a folder of correspondence with the Clemens sisters, as well as some additional correspondence, invitations, and visiting cards. Also included is a child's travel journal (volume 39), which probably belonged to Margaretta, from an 1883 trip to France, Germany, and Switzerland.

Charles MacVeagh named his oldest son, Lincoln, after his younger brother. This Lincoln MacVeagh went on to continue the family legacy of diplomacy, serving as ambassador to Yugoslavia and to Greece in the Roosevelt administration. All of the correspondence which makes up this subseries is outgoing, some of it written in 1938 to his older brother, Rogers, and the rest written to his mother, Fanny MacVeagh, in 1942. All of the letters were written from locations in and around the Mediterranean, and one of the letters to Rogers features a hand-drawn map of the region.

This subseries contains one folder of material relating to Eames MacVeagh, the son of Franklin MacVeagh and Emily Eames, and Eames" wife Zelie. These materials include a souvenir transcript of the Eames and Zelie's 1929 wedding vows; a certificate of naturalization documenting Zelie's immigration to America from Britain in 1940; several letters and poems; an two undated essays by Eames, "When Britannia Ruled the Waves" and "Host to the World."

The son of Charles MacVeagh and wife Fanny, Ewen attended Harvard with his younger brother, Francis. This collection contains college notes and papers from their time at Harvard, which, although largely unsigned, were filed in accordance with their original separation. The papers attributed to Ewen MacVeagh include two folders of material on John Donne. There are also a couple of letters from 1949-1950 regarding the decision to donate family materials to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Francis and his twin brother, Charles, Jr., were born to Charles and Fanny MacVeagh a year after the birth of their son Ewen. Most of the material in this subseries dates from Francis" college career at Harvard, separated from Ewen's materials according to their previous division in the collection. There are also two poems in this subseries, both of which were apparently written for Francis, who became a Harvard Professor in his later life--one of these is a long holiday poem entitled "The Night After Christmas: A Postlude," and the other is a poem about an "amiable guinea pig" written "to Uncle Francis, from Smouse."

Pinkerton was a close friend of Wayne MacVeagh's from Yale, and the two later served as legal colleagues in Pennsylvania. Pinkerton grew to be one of MacVeagh's dearest and most trusted friends, watching over his finances and his troubled son, Lincoln, while MacVeagh was out of the country on diplomatic missions. Nearly all of the correspondence in this subseries is incoming, mostly regarding Lincoln's debts while the MacVeaghs were in Italy. There are also two letters to Pinkerton from his daughter, Eliza, written in 1902.

The outgoing correspondence that comprises this subseries was written by Ella Ormsby Warder. Her husband, Benjamin H. Warder, was a sickly man for whose health he and his wife traveled frequently, though she continued to travel after his death. The first of these letters was written to her grandson, Ben, and the rest are addressed to her daughters, Betsey Ellis and Ellie. Included with the correspondence are a few newspaper clippings and an archaeological conference program from a trip Ella took to Colorado Springs. Ella"s connection to the MacVeagh family is unclear.

There are two folders in this subseries, one of correspondence, the other of additional assorted materials relating to the MacVeagh family. The correspondence includes a 1856 letter from Franklin to Letty Lewis, a letter from Nathan to Major MacVeagh, and a letter from Margaret MacVeagh to one of her sons. There is also a letter from Letty Lewis to her brother, possibly Wayne MacVeagh's friend Charlton, which is the only piece in the collection produced by MacVeagh's first wife. A 1938 letter to a Virginia MacVeagh mentions Virginia"s sister, Eve, who grew up to be a television actress, appearing on such programs as The Red Skelton Show, F Troop, My Favorite Martian, and Perry Mason. There is also some twentieth-century correspondence to and from people of unclear relationship to the MacVeagh family.

The second folder includes materials related to the fledgling publication The Cracker Barrel, which was conceived of by Francis MacVeagh, Charlton MacVeagh, and friends Angus, Harry, and Dusty, described as "an attractive brunette who nothing could dismay." The magazine, which was intended to give a voice to the underrepresented working classes, did not see publication, but this subseries includes a narrative of the creation of the concept and notes and a completed column for the first issue. There is also a poem called "The Taxey Man," a satire of the high rate of taxation at the time it was written (which is not specified).

Few of the approximately thirty photographs in this collection are labelled. There are several pictures of Wayne, a pair of small portraits of Wayne and Jennie, a profile shot of a middle-aged Jennie, and a series of photographs of an elderly Jennie and another woman playing with small dogs on a lawn. There are also photographs of a cat, various unidentified children, the interior of a house, and miscellaneous other subjects.

This subseries includes four artifacts of uncertain origin: a wooden ornament of apparently patriotic significance; a small medal inscribed "Wayne MacVeagh" and dated 1795, although it probably dates from considerably later considering MacVeagh's 1833 birth date; and two wax impressions of another badge or medal, dated 1862. Also included are two copper plates, one of which was used to print the Cameron-MacVeagh wedding invitations, and another with the inscription "Mr. Wayne MacVeagh."

Detailed inventory

Series 1. Wayne MacVeagh

1851-1917, n.d.

0.5 lin. Feet

a. Incoming correspondence

1851-1915, n.d.

Incoming correspondence

1851-1855

Box 1: 1

Incoming correspondence

Jan.-Aug. 1856

Box 1: 2

Incoming correspondence [items cleaned for mold]

Sept.-Dec. 1856

Box 1: 3

Incoming correspondence

Jan.-Mar. 1857

Box 1: 4

Incoming correspondence

Apr.-Dec. 1857

Box 1: 5

Incoming correspondence

1858

Box 1: 6

Incoming correspondence

Jan.-May 1859

Box 1: 7

Incoming correspondence

June 1859

Box 1: 8

Incoming correspondence

July-Dec. 1859

Box 1: 9

Incoming correspondence

1860

Box 1: 10

Incoming correspondence

1861

Box 1: 11

Incoming correspondence [items cleaned for mold]

1862

Box 2: 1

Incoming correspondence

Jan.-Mar. 1863

Box 2: 2

Incoming correspondence

Apr.-June 1863

Box 2: 3

Incoming correspondence

July-Nov. 1863

Box 2: 4

Incoming correspondence

Dec. 1863

Box 2: 5

Incoming correspondence

Jan.-Feb. 1864

Box 2: 6

Incoming correspondence

Mar.-Apr. 1864

Box 2: 7

Incoming correspondence

May 1864

Box 2: 8-9

Incoming correspondence

June 1864

Box 2: 10

Incoming correspondence

July 1864

Box 3: 1

Incoming correspondence

Aug.-Sept. 1864

Box 3: 2

Incoming correspondence

Oct.-Nov. 1864

Box 3: 3

Incoming correspondence [items cleaned for mold]

Dec. 1864

Box 3: 4

Incoming correspondence

1865

Box 3: 5

Incoming correspondence

Jan.-Mar. 1866

Box 3: 6

Incoming correspondence

Apr.-May 1866

Box 3: 7

Incoming correspondence

June-July 1866

Box 3: 8

Incoming correspondence

Aug.-Oct. 1866

Box 3: 9

Incoming correspondence

Nov.-Dec. 1866

Box 3: 10

Incoming correspondence

1867

Box 3: 11

Incoming correspondence

1868

Box 4: 1

Incoming correspondence [items cleaned for mold]

Jan.-May 1869

Box 4: 2

Incoming correspondence [items cleaned for mold]

June-Aug. 1869

Box 4: 3

Incoming correspondence [items cleaned for mold]

Sept.-Dec. 1869

Box 4: 4

Incoming correspondence [items cleaned for mold]

Jan.-June 1870

Box 4: 5

Incoming correspondence [items cleaned for mold]

July-Dec. 1870

Box 4: 6

Incoming correspondence

Jan.-May 1871

Box 4: 7

Incoming correspondence

June-Dec. 1871

Box 4: 8

Incoming correspondence

1872

Box 4: 9

Incoming correspondence

1873-1875

Box 4: 10

Incoming correspondence

1876-1878

Box 4: 11

Incoming correspondence

1879-1880

Box 4: 12

Incoming correspondence

Jan.-Mar. 5, 1881

Box 4: 13

Incoming correspondence

Mar. 6-7, 1881

Box 4: 14

Incoming correspondence

Mar. 8-9, 1881

Box 4: 15

Incoming correspondence

Mar. 10-31, 1881

Box 5: 1

Incoming correspondence

Apr.-July 1881

Box 5: 2

Incoming correspondence

Aug. 1881

Box 5: 3

Incoming correspondence

Sept.-Dec. 1881

Box 5: 4

Incoming correspondence

1882-1884

Box 5: 5

Incoming correspondence

1885

Box 5: 6

Incoming correspondence

1886-1888

Box 5: 7

Incoming correspondence

1889-1891

Box 5: 8

Incoming correspondence

Jan. 1-Oct. 16, 1892

Box 5: 9

Incoming correspondence

Oct. 17-Dec. 1892

Box 5: 10

Incoming correspondence

Jan. 1893

Box 5: 11

Incoming correspondence

Feb.-Dec. 1893

Box 5: 12

Incoming correspondence

1894--1895

Box 6: 1

Incoming correspondence

1896

Box 6: 2

Incoming correspondence

Jan.-Apr. 1897

Box 6: 3

Incoming correspondence

May-Dec. 1897

Box 6: 4

Incoming correspondence

1898-1899

Box 6: 5

Incoming correspondence

1900

Box 6: 6

Incoming correspondence

1901

Box 6: 7

Incoming correspondence

1902-1903

Box 6: 8

Incoming correspondence

1904

Box 6: 9

Incoming correspondence

1905-1907

Box 6: 10

Incoming correspondence

1908-1909

Box 6: 11

Incoming correspondence

1910-1915

Box 6: 12

Incoming correspondence

n.d.

Box 7: 1-2

b. Outgoing correspondence

1864-1914, n.d.

Outgoing correspondence

1860-1869

Box 7: 3

Outgoing correspondence [items cleaned for mold]

1870

Box 7: 4

Outgoing correspondence

1871-1879

Box 7: 5

Outgoing correspondence

1880-1889

Box 7: 6

Outgoing correspondence

1890-1895

Box 7: 7

Outgoing correspondence

1896

Box 7: 8-9

Outgoing correspondence

1897

Box 7: 10-11

Outgoing correspondence

1898-1899

Box 8: 1

Outgoing correspondence

1900

Box 8: 2

Outgoing correspondence

1901

Box 8: 3

Outgoing correspondence

1902-1903

Box 8: 4

Outgoing correspondence

1904-1909

Box 8: 5

Outgoing correspondence

1910-1914

Box 8: 6

Outgoing correspondence

n.d.

Box 8: 7

Letterbook

1873-1875

Vol. 1

Letterbook

1876-1877

Vol. 2

Letterbook

1878-1888

Vol. 3

Letterbook

1879-1889

Vol. 4

Letterbook

1889-1891

Vol. 5

Letters of Cases

1876

Vol. 6

c. Political

1859-1916, n.d.

Political [items cleaned for mold]

1859-1880

Box 8: 8

Political

1881-1891

Box 8: 9

Political

1892-1897

Box 8: 10

Political

1898-1903

Box 8: 11

Political

1904-1917

Box 9: 1

Political

n.d.

Box 9: 2

North American Review

June, 1906

Vol. 7

Les Affaires de Panama- Panama Canal Co.

1898

Vol. 8

Rapport General- Panama Canal Co.

1893

Vol. 9

Rapport General- Panama Canal Co.

1897

Vol. 10

Dossiers de Panama- Panama Canal Co.

1897

Vol. 11

Rapport General- Panama Canal Co.

1898

Vol. 12

"I Took the Isthmus"

1911

Vol. 13

Colombia and the United States

1915

Vol. 14

The Story of Panama v. 1-4

1912

Vol. 15

Tratado entre la Republica de Colombia y los Estados Unidos

1914

Vol. 16

William Nelson Cromwell, Diplomat and Revolutionist

1910

Vol. 17

History of the Panama Canal, v. 1

n.d.

Vol. 18

History of the Panama Canal- v. 2

n.d.

Vol. 19

History of the Panama Canal, v. 3

n.d.

Vol. 20

History of the Panama Canal, v. 4

n.d.

Vol. 21

Correspondence Respecting the Affairs of Venezuela

1903

Vol. 22

Appendix to the Preliminary Examination on Behalf of Venezuela

1903

Vol. 23

Arguments of Great Britain, Germany, and Italy against Venezuela

1903

Vol. 24

Argument of Wayne MacVeagh before the Hague Tribunal

1903

Vol. 25

British Claims against Venezuela

1903

Vol. 26

Speeches delivered by the British Counsel before the Tribunal at The Hague

1903

Vol. 27

Recueil des Actes et Protocoles

1904

Vol. 28

Herbert W. Bowen v. Francis B. Loomis

1905

Vol. 29

d. Legal

1856-1915

Legal

1856-1869

Box 9: 3

Legal

1870-1889

Box 9: 4

Legal

1890-1893

Box 9: 5

Legal

1894-1915

Box 9: 6

Supreme Court- Richards v. The Phoenix Iron Co.

Jan. 1867

Vol. 30

United States of America v. United States Steel Corporation and Others