... The therapeutic benefits of the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir are dampened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations in influenza A virus (IAV). To investigate the mechanistic features that underlie resistance, we developed an approach to quantify the effects of all possible single-nucleotide substitutions introduced into important regions of NA. We determined the experimental fitne ...

... Mo₂C catalysts are widely used in hydrogenation reactions; however, the role of the C and Mo terminations in these catalysts is not clear. Understanding the binding of adsorbates is key for explaining the activity of Mo₂C. The adsorption of acetylene and ethylene, probe molecules representing alkynes and olefins, respectively, was studied on a β-Mo₂C(100) surface with C and Mo terminations using c ...

... Aim of study: To investigate action mechanism of Yi Guan Jian Decoction on cirrhosis induced by CCl₄ in rats. Material and methods: CCl₄ (3mL/kg) for the first time and then olive oil CCl₄ solution 50% (2mL/kg) was administered hypodermically to rats twice each week for 12 weeks. At the end of 8th week, rats were randomly divided into CCl₄ control group (n =10), Yi Guan Jian Decoction group (n =9) ...

... The maturation mechanism of nitrile hydratase (NHase) of Pseudomonas putida NRRL-18668 was discovered and named as “self-subunit swapping.” Since the NHase of Bordetella petrii DSM 12804 is similar to that of P. putida, the NHase maturation of B. petrii is proposed to be the same as that of P. putida. However, there is no further information on the application of NHase according to these findings. ...

... ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula. It has been used in the treatment of diseases including neurasthenia, Alzheimer's disease and neurosis. AIM OF THE STUDY: To provide information on the potential toxicity of KXS, we evaluated the acute and subchronic toxicity in rodents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In acute study, a single administ ...

... Besides the specific chitinase, chitosanase and lysozyme, chitosan also could be hydrolyzed by some non-specific enzymes such as cellulase, protease, lipase and pepsin, especially cellulase, which show high activity on chitosan. Almost all the cellulases produced by different kinds of microorganisms could degrade chitosan to chitooligomers. The existence of bifunctional enzymes with cellulase and ...

... A facile and efficient route for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles from amidines and chalcones via FeCl₃/I₂-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling has been developed. This new strategy is featured by high regioselectivity and yields, good functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions. ...

... A two-dimensional hybrid of naphthalene diimide and reduced graphene oxide (NDI–RGO) has been constructed by a facile self-assembly strategy. In the resulting hybrid, the non-covalent interactions between NDI and RGO enable the uniform distribution of NDI on the surface of RGO. As the cathode material in lithium ion batteries, NDI–RGO shows excellent revisable capacity and rate capability. ...

... A genetic linkage map of the swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) was constructed using the simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) techniques. An F₂ family was created consisting of 110 individuals using the “two-way pseudo-testcross” mapping strategy. A total of 1294 polymorphic markers, including 55 SSRs and 1239 AFLPs, were used in the linkage ...

... Decreasing oocyte competence with maternal aging is a major factor in mammalian infertility. One of the factors contributing to this infertility is changes to chromatin modifications, such as histone acetylation in old MII stage oocytes. Recent studies indicate that changes in histone acetylation at MII arise at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage. We hypothesised that histone methylation could also c ...

... Ultrathin Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ nanosheets, with the thickness of 3–4 nm, were prepared by the photo-assisted Ag exfoliation method. This method not only achieves the thickness regulation, but also introduces elemental silver on the surfaces of ultrathin Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ nanosheets. The obtained ultrathin Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ nanosheets modified with Ag show enhanced visible light absorption, improved carrier generation and ...

... Cadmium (Cd) and high Molybdenum (Mo) can lead to adverse reactions on animals, but the co-induced toxicity of Mo and Cd to liver in ducks was not well understood. To investigate the co-induced toxic effects of Mo combined with Cd on mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis in duck livers. 240 healthy 11-day-old ducks were randomly divided into 6 groups (control, LMo group, HMo group, Cd group ...

... Tauopathies consist of intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated and aggregated microtubule protein tau, which remains a histopathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia. L-Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid with a number of bioactive molecules. Its downstream metabolites putrescine, spermidine, and spermine (polyamines) are critically involved in micr ...

... The complete genome of a QX-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strain Sczy3 isolated recently in Sichuan was sequenced. The genome contains 27,695 nucleotides (nt), and possesses a genomic structure similar to other IBV strains. Sequence comparisons demonstrated that the Sczy3 genome had the highest nt sequence identity with QX-like IBVs and was most dissimilar to the Massachusetts type IBV. D ...

... Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils has serious negative influence on human health. Concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Ni in top soils (0-20 cm) of greenhouses and farmlands from four main vegetable production areas Shouguang, Laiyang, Jinxiang, and Zhangqiu in Shandong Province, one of the most rapidly developing regions in China, were measured in this study. Shouguang is m ...

... Fatty acids (FAs) are groups of liposoluble carboxylic acids (LCAs) and play important roles in various physiological processes. Abnormal contents or changes of FAs are associated with a series of diseases. Here we developed a strategy with stable isotope labeling combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (IL–LC–MS) analysis for comprehensive profiling and relative quantitation ...

... Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which can lead to the complete loss of cognition. Cu²⁺ and H₂S are both correlated with the physiological and pathological events of AD. Therefore, suitable methods to continuously monitor Cu²⁺ and H₂S are in great demand for a better understanding of the detailed mechanism of Alzheimer's disease. Based on the heteroatom (N, O, a ...

... A highly efficient cobalt-catalyzed carbonylative approach to phenylacetic acid derivatives under one atmosphere pressure is reported. This methodology represents a useful extension of benzimidazole used as ligand in metal catalysis, and the catalytic mechanism has been proved by computer simulation. Notably, this new cobalt precatalyst, which promotes the carbonylation reaction dramatically and h ...