"There was no link," he says, "between the 19 Saudis who blew up the twin towers and Bin Laden."

He dismisses the anti-terrorism legislation introduced since then as unnecessary. "Terrorists don't really want to hurt people," he explained.

"They want to get a message across."

In Bradford, these are not uncommon ideas. Many British Asians we spoke to felt victimised, both by tougher police powers, which they felt targeted their community unfairly, and the justice system's handling of the riots violence.

Riot 'heroes'

Yunas Samad, a senior lecturer in sociology at Bradford University, says this perception of unfair treatment is having an unfortunate effect.

People who received tough prison sentences after the riots are now coming out of prison and, even those with prior criminal records, he said, are being feted.

A recent home affairs select committee report, he says, stated the police were not unreasonably targeting the Muslim community.

"We are sophisticated enough to realise there are more good people out in the community than bad," he said.

Protection and tradition

But concerns are widespread.

In Bradford's suburbs, we interrupted Nuzhat Ali, currently a student in education as well as home-schooling two of her three children, as she cooked a chicken curry in the family home, her head covered by a patterned headscarf, her black skirt angle length.

She compared the new anti-terrorism powers being introduced with Nazi Germany.

"I'm not saying we're there yet," she said as she stirred, "but if we look at history, we need to learn the lessons of where it could go."

Her husband Maroof Shaffi, a lecturer in IT, paused in the doorway to listen and join in.

"Fundamental rights are being eroded," he said.

"Are we trying to turn the clock back to 1215 [the signing of the Magna Carta] when Kings and rulers could put people away?

"As a British Asian and Muslim, he said he feels he has to be careful now.

"It scares me that I can no longer speak out," he said.

"Am I going to be labelled a terrorist if I speak out against the state of Israel? The rule of law has to be supreme."

Maroof Shaffi says it's wrong that he doesn't feel he can speak out

Gareth Crossman, the director of policy at Liberty, agrees. He is opposed to both ID cards and the new anti-terrorism legislation.

"We say if people are criminals, they go on trial, they get their day in court," he told me.

"That's what we do in this country. Public concerns about terrorism were very real and should be respected, he said, "but we have to balance the need to protect the public with centuries of traditions of protecting the individual from the actions of the state."

Back at the West Bowling Youth Initiative, Kamran is already thinking two generations ahead. He is a first time voter himself and hopes to spend his working life nurturing Bradford's youth.

When I ask him how he sees the future, he squirms, as if he recognises that being positive might not make him popular here.

"I'm a little bit optimistic, to be honest," he says sheepishly. "The new legislation is going to affect the next generation. But it's down to the individual to deal with it. I'd like to help them through that."