and a file (executable by root) named {{ic|/usr/lib/udev/domount}} with (set the variables on top to the correct values):

−

−

{{bc|<nowiki>

−

#!/bin/sh

−

−

#edit the following variables to suit your needs

−

MYUID=1000 # your user uid

−

MYGID=100 # your user gid

−

MYLOGIN=al # your login

−

TERM=lxterminal # your terminal emulator

−

MYSHELL=zsh # your shell

−

export DISPLAY=:0 # your X display

−

−

−

TMPFILE=/run/automount.$RANDOM

−

DIR=$(grep -v '#' /etc/fstab | grep $* | awk '{print $2;}')

−

if [ -z "$DIR" ]; then

−

LABEL=$(lsblk -no LABEL $*)

−

if [ -z "$LABEL" ]; then

−

UUID=$(lsblk -no UUID $*)

−

if [ -z "$UUID" ]; then

−

DIR=/run/media/"unknown"

−

else

−

DIR=/run/media/"$UUID"

−

fi

−

else

−

DIR=/run/media/"$LABEL"

−

fi

−

fi

−

mkdir -p $DIR

−

−

cat > $TMPFILE << EOF

−

#!/bin/sh

−

echo "$* was mounted on $DIR. "

−

cd $DIR

−

$MYSHELL

−

EOF

−

chmod a+x $TMPFILE

−

−

/bin/mount -o uid=$MYUID,gid=$MYGID $* $DIR

−

su $MYLOGIN -c "$TERM -t 'Terminal - $* mounted on $DIR' -e $TMPFILE"

−

/bin/umount $DIR

−

−

sleep 1; rm -f $TMPFILE

−

</nowiki>}}

−

−

When a drive is inserted, it will be mounted, and a Terminal will pop-up. To umount the device, simply press Control+D in the terminal window. The mountpoint is looked for in {{ic|/etc/fstab}} or, if absent, generated from the label of the partition.

−

−

If the terminal doesn't appear as expected, that may because wrong options are used. For example, in XFCE4, we use "Terminal -T ''title'' -e ''script-file'' instead"

To access the screen session which controls the mounted partitions, simply run

−

$ screen -d -r AUTOMOUNT

−

I would suggest putting this in a command key shortcut, for example with [[xbindkeys]] to run in a terminal.

== Manual mounting ==

== Manual mounting ==

Line 236:

Line 69:

And unmount it with:

And unmount it with:

$ umount /mnt/usbstick

$ umount /mnt/usbstick

+

+

=== Maximizing performance ===

+

+

{{Merge|Maximizing Performance#Storage devices}}

+

+

You can try with other scheduler than CFQ like in [[SSD#Using_udev_for_one_device_or_HDD.2FSSD_mixed_environment|SSD#I/O Scheduler]] for a flash drive but its posible than your USB Storage Device where detected as rotational. Another posibility is the use of removable attribute.

+

+

== Unmounting devices mounted with udev or systemd/udev ==

+

+

Create an executable file (e.g. {{ic|/usr/local/bin/unmount.sh}}):

+

{{bc|<nowiki>

+

#!/bin/sh

+

+

# Global variables

+

TITLE="Unmount Utility"

+

COLUMNS=3 # TARGET,SOURCE,FSTYPE

+

#IFS=$'\n'

+

+

# Populate list of unmountable devices

+

deviceList=($(findmnt -Do TARGET,SOURCE,FSTYPE | grep -e "sd[b-z]"))

+

deviceCount=$((${#deviceList[@]} / $COLUMNS))

+

+

# Start of program output

+

echo $TITLE

+

+

# Display list of devices that can be unmounted

+

for ((device=0; device<${#deviceList[@]}; device+=COLUMNS))

+

do

+

printf "%4s) %-25s%-13s%-10s\n"\

+

"$(($device / $COLUMNS))"\

+

"${deviceList[$device]}"\

+

"${deviceList[$(($device + 1))]}"\

+

"${deviceList[$(($device + 2))]}"

+

done

+

+

printf "%4s) Exit\n" "x"

+

+

# Get input from user

+

read -p "Choose a menu option: " input

+

+

# Input validation

+

if [ "$input" = "X" ] || [ "$input" = "x" ]

+

then

+

echo "Exiting"

+

exit 0

+

fi

+

+

if (( $input>=0 )) && (( $input<$deviceCount ))

+

then

+

echo "Unmounting: ${deviceList[$(($input * $deviceCount))]}"

+

sudo umount "${deviceList[$(($input * $deviceCount))]}"

+

exit 0

+

else

+

echo "Invalid menu choice"

+

exit 1

+

fi

+

</nowiki>}}

+

+

{{Note|This script requires that you have sudo installed and that you have sudo rights.}}

== Troubleshooting ==

== Troubleshooting ==

Revision as of 06:24, 1 October 2013

This document describes how to use the popular USB memory sticks with Linux. However, it is also valid for other devices such as digital cameras that act as if they were just a USB storage device.

If you have an up-to-date system with the standard Arch kernel and a modern Desktop environment your device should just show up on your desktop, with no need to open a console.

Auto-mounting with udisks

This is the easiest and most frequently used method. It is used by many desktop environments, but can be used separately too. See Udisks for details.

Manual mounting

Note: Before you decide that Arch Linux does not mount your USB device, be sure to check all available ports. Some ports might not share the same controller, preventing you from mounting the device.

Getting a kernel that supports usb_storage

If you do not use a custom-made kernel, you are ready to go, for all Arch Linux stock kernels are properly configured. If you do use a custom-made kernel, ensure it is compiled with SCSI-Support, SCSI-Disk-Support and usb_storage. If you use the latest udev, you may just plug your device in and the system will automatically load all necessary kernel modules. Older releases of udev would need hotplug installed too. Otherwise, you can do the same thing manually:

# modprobe usb-storage
# modprobe sd_mod (only for non SCSI kernels)

Tip: In case of manually loading modules, you may also need to load the sg module (SCSI generic driver).

Mounting USB memory

Notes: This section assumes that the partition on USB storage uses FAT32 or NTFS filesystem, so we have two sections covering the same topic. Either merge everything here or in the linked section. (Discuss in Talk:USB storage devices#)

You need to create the directory in which you are going to mount the device:

# mkdir /mnt/usbstick

As root

Mount the device as root with this command (do not forget to replace device_node by the path you found):

# mount device_node /mnt/usbstick

or

# mount -U UUID /mnt/usbstick

If mount does not recognize the format of the device you can try to use the -t argument, see man mount for details.

Note: If mounting your stick does not work you can try to repartition it, see Format a device.

As normal user with mount

If you want non-root users to be able to write to the USB stick, you can issue the following command:

# mount -o gid=users,fmask=113,dmask=002 /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbstick

As normal user with fstab

If you want non-root users to be able to mount a USB memory stick via fstab, add the following line to your /etc/fstab file:

Maximizing performance

Notes:please use the second argument of the template to provide more detailed indications. (Discuss in Talk:USB storage devices#)

You can try with other scheduler than CFQ like in SSD#I/O Scheduler for a flash drive but its posible than your USB Storage Device where detected as rotational. Another posibility is the use of removable attribute.