# systemctl enable net-auto-wired.service #added ".service" because I think it was a typo. correct if wrong...

+

# systemctl enable net-auto-wired.service

The daemon starts an {{ic|ifplugd}} process which runs {{ic|/etc/ifplugd/netcfg.action}} when the status of the wired interface changes (e.g. a cable is plugged in or unplugged). On plugging in a cable, attempts are made to start any profiles with {{ic|1=CONNECTION = "ethernet"}} or {{ic|"ethernet-iproute"}} and {{ic|1=INTERFACE = WIRED_INTERFACE}} until one of them succeeds.

The daemon starts an {{ic|ifplugd}} process which runs {{ic|/etc/ifplugd/netcfg.action}} when the status of the wired interface changes (e.g. a cable is plugged in or unplugged). On plugging in a cable, attempts are made to start any profiles with {{ic|1=CONNECTION = "ethernet"}} or {{ic|"ethernet-iproute"}} and {{ic|1=INTERFACE = WIRED_INTERFACE}} until one of them succeeds.

Netcfg is used to configure and manage network connections via profiles. It has pluggable support for a range of connection types, such as wireless, Ethernet and PPP. It is also capable of starting/stopping many-to-one connections, that is, multiple connections within the same profile, optionally with bonding. Further it is useful for users seeking a simple and robust means of managing multiple network configurations (e.g. laptop users).

Contents

Preparation

In the simplest cases, users must at least know the name of their network interface(s) (e.g. eth0, wlan0). If configuring a static IP address, the IP addresses of the default gateway and name server(s) must also be known.

If connecting to a wireless network, have some basic information ready. For a wireless network this includes what type of security is used, the network name (ESSID), and any passphrase or encryption keys. Additionally, ensure the proper drivers and firmware are installed for the wireless device, as described in Wireless Setup.

Configuration

Network profiles are stored in /etc/network.d/. To minimize the potential for errors, copy an example configuration from /etc/network.d/examples/ to /etc/network.d/mynetwork. The file name is the name of the network profile, and mynetwork is used as an example throughout this article.

Depending on the connection type and security, use one of the following examples from /etc/network.d/examples/ as a base.

Warning: Be wary of examples found on the internet as they often contain deprecated options that may cause problems!

Note: Netcfg configurations are valid Bash scripts. Any configuration involving special characters such as $ or \ needs to be quoted correctly otherwise it will be interpreted by Bash. To avoid interpretation, use single quotes or backslash escape characters where appropriate.

Note: Network information (e.g. wireless passkey) will be stored in plain text format, so users may want to change the permissions on the newly created profile (e.g. chmod 0600 /etc/network.d/mynetwork) to make it readable by root only.

Note: For WPA-Personal, it is also possible to encode the WPA passkey into a hexadecimal string. Save the new hexadecimal string into the wireless WPA profile in /etc/network.d/mynetwork as the value of the KEY variable (make sure this will be the only KEY variable enabled), to look similar to this: KEY='7b271c9a7c8a6ac07d12403a1f0792d7d92b5957ff8dfd56481ced43ec6a6515'. However, this key can also be used by anyone to get on your network, and thus must be protected just as well as the cleartext key. The hexadecimal encoding is more convenient if you use special characters that are hard to express in scripts.

Note: By default netcfg uses dhcpcd for configuring network interfaces. An alternate to dhcpcd is dhclient. To use dhclient, set DHCLIENT='yes' in appropriate profile configuration.

Manual Operation

To connect a profile:

# netcfg mynetwork

To disconnect a profile:

# netcfg down mynetwork

If successful, users can configure netcfg to connect automatically or during boot. If the connection fails, see Netcfg Troubleshooting for solutions and for how to ask for help.

Additionally, see:

$ netcfg help

Automatic Operation

Just one profile

In the simplest case, only one profile will be used and is always desired to start on boot:

# systemctl enable netcfg@myprofile

Net-Profiles

Edit the NETWORKS array in /etc/conf.d/netcfg to refer to the network config file /etc/network.d/mynetwork.

/etc/conf.d/netcfg

NETWORKS=(mynetwork yournetwork)

Start the service on startup:

# systemctl enable netcfg

Alternatively, the profiles that were active at last shutdown can be restored by setting the NETWORKS array to last.

/etc/conf.d/netcfg

NETWORKS=(last)

Note: For NETWORKS=(last) to work, you will have to connect to your network manually first and then stop the daemon for Netcfg to remember the network. You can stop the Netcfg daemon by running netcfg-daemon stop as root.

Finally, net-profiles can be configured to display a menu—allowing users to choose a desired profile—by setting the contents of the NETWORKS array to menu:

Note: The NETWORKS=(menu) setting cannot be used anymore when switching to systemd. See FS#31377 for details.

Tip: Access the menu at any time by running netcfg-menu in a terminal.

Net-Auto-Wireless

This allows users to automatically connect to wireless networks with proper roaming support. To use this feature, the wpa_actiond package is required. Note that wireless-wpa-config profiles do not work with net-auto-wireless. Convert them to wireless-wpa-configsection or wireless-wpa instead.

Specify the desired wireless interface with the WIRELESS_INTERFACE variable in /etc/conf.d/netcfg or define a list of wireless networks that should be automatically connected with the AUTO_PROFILES variable in /etc/conf.d/netcfg.

Note: If AUTO_PROFILES is not set, all wireless networks will be tried.

Note: By default, wpa_actiond sets dhcp timeout to 10 seconds (line 16 of /usr/bin/netcfg-wpa_actiond-action) which may be not enough for all users to always get an IP-address successfully. To override this, for example with classic 30 seconds timeout, write DHCP_TIMEOUT=30 to /etc/conf.d/netcfg

Enable net-auto-wireless.service so systemd manages it.

# systemctl enable net-auto-wireless.service

Net-Auto-Wired

This allows users to automatically connect to wired networks. To use this feature, the ifplugd package is required.

Specify the desired wired interface with the WIRED_INTERFACE variable in /etc/conf.d/netcfg.

Enable net-auto-wired.service so systemd manages it.

# systemctl enable net-auto-wired.service

The daemon starts an ifplugd process which runs /etc/ifplugd/netcfg.action when the status of the wired interface changes (e.g. a cable is plugged in or unplugged). On plugging in a cable, attempts are made to start any profiles with CONNECTION = "ethernet" or "ethernet-iproute" and INTERFACE = WIRED_INTERFACE until one of them succeeds.

Note: DHCP profiles are tried before static ones, which could lead to undesired results in some cases. However, one can tell netcfg to prefer a particular interface by adding AUTO_WIRED=1 to the desired profile.