Only two autocratic presidents have ruled Gabon since independence from France in 1960. The current president of Gabon, El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba - one of the longest-serving heads of state in the world - has dominated the country's political scene for four decades. President BONGO introduced a nominal multiparty system and a new constitution in the early 1990s. However, allegations of electoral fraud during local elections in 2002-03 and the presidential elections in 2005 have exposed the weaknesses of formal political structures in Gabon. Gabon's political opposition remains weak, divided, and financially dependent on the current regime. Despite political conditions, a small population, abundant natural resources, and considerable foreign support have helped make Gabon one of the more prosperous and stable African countries.

Geography A small population and oil and mineral reserves have helped Gabon become one of Africa's wealthier countries; in general, these circumstances have allowed the country to maintain and conserve its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity. Location: Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea Geographic coordinates: 1 00 S, 11 45 E Area: total: 267,667 sq kmland: 257,667 sq kmwater: 10,000 sq kmSize comparison: slightly smaller than Colorado

Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police Military service age and obligation: 20 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2007) Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 331,181females age 16-49: 332,498 (2008 est.) Manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 192,717females age 16-49: 188,539 (2008 est.)