Almost 13,000 chemicals are used in cosmetics, and only about 10 percent have been evaluated for safety. Although the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the authority to regulate harmful ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products, they don't often exercise it…

Further, cosmetics can come on the market without any type of approval necessary. Only after a product is deemed to be harmful, adulterated, or misbranded can the FDA take regulatory action. According to the FDA:1

"FDA's legal authority over cosmetics is different from our authority over other products we regulate, such as drugs, biologics, and medical devices. Under the law, cosmetic products and ingredients do not need FDA premarket approval, with the exception of color additives.

However, FDA can pursue enforcement action against products on the market that are not in compliance with the law, or against firms or individuals who violate the law."

Adding insult to injury, the FDA tasks the companies that manufacture and market cosmetics with ensuring their safety. Not only does this pose an obvious conflict of interest, but "neither the law nor FDA regulations require specific tests to demonstrate the safety of individual products or ingredients."

And, "the law also does not require cosmetic companies to share their safety information with FDA." So, while cosmetics companies are responsible for substantiating the safety of their own cosmetics, there are no required tests to do so and they don't have to share safety data about their products… the FDA isn't even authorized to order recalls of hazardous chemicals from the market.2

What does this mean for a health-conscious person like yourself? When you use body lotion, deodorant, shampoo, or nail polish, you're taking a chance that you're applying harmful chemicals to your body, even if the product claims to be non-toxic and safe.

How Many Chemicals Does Your Beauty Routine Expose You To?

The average US woman uses 12 personal care products and/or cosmetics a day, containing 168 different chemicals, according to the Environmental Working Group (EWG). While most men use fewer products, they're still exposed to about 85 such chemicals daily, while teens, who use an average of 17 personal care products a day, are exposed to even more.3

Clearly, such chemical exposures are not insignificant, especially when they occur virtually daily for a lifetime. When EWG tested teens to find out which chemicals in personal care products were found in their bodies, 16 different hormone-altering chemicals, including parabens and phthalates, were detected.4

There are other chemicals risks as well. For instance, in 2000 the EWG released a study showing that 37 nail polishes from 22 companies contained dibutyl phthalate (DBP). DBP is known to cause lifelong reproductive impairments in male rats, and has been shown to damage the testes, prostate gland, epididymus, penis, and seminal vesicles in animals.

It's used in nail polish because it increases flexibility and shine, but research by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) revealed that all 289 people tested had DBP in their bodies.5 Worse still, this chemical, which is linked to birth defects in animals, was found at the highest levels in women of childbearing age.

Everyday Chemical Exposures Linked to Earlier Menopause

In a study of more than 31,000 US women, researchers examined blood and urine levels of 111 mostly man-made chemicals commonly found in plastics, personal care products, and household items, as well as which may contaminate air, water, and soil. As Science Daily reported, the chemicals tested included

In a study of more than 31,000 US women, researchers examined blood and urine levels of 111 mostly man-made chemicals commonly found in plastics, personal care products, and household items, as well as which may contaminate air, water, and soil. As Science Daily reported, the chemicals tested included:7

Women with higher levels of the chemicals in their bodies were found to experience menopause two to four years earlier than women with lower levels.8 Fifteen chemicals in particular (including nine PCBs, three pesticides, two phthalates, and a furan) were significantly associated with early menopause, which suggests an early decline in ovarian function.

In addition to leading to early menopause, an early decline in ovarian function may lead to early development of heart disease and osteoporosis. Many of the chemicals mentioned in the study have already been linked to health risks, including cancer, metabolic syndrome, and early puberty.

Senior author Amber Cooper, MD, an assistant professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Washington University School of Medicine, told Science Daily:9

"Chemicals linked to earlier menopause may lead to an early decline in ovarian function, and our results suggest we as a society should be concerned… Earlier menopause can alter the quality of a woman's life and has profound implications for fertility, health, and our society… this study doesn't prove causation, but the associations raise a red flag…"

What Are Some of the Most Toxic Chemicals in Your Cosmetics?

A handful of the most hazardous chemicals found in many personal care products and cosmetics include:

• Paraben, a chemical found in deodorants, lotion, hair products, and cosmetics, has been shown to mimic the action of the female hormone estrogen, which can drive the growth of human breast tumors. A study published in 2012 suggested that parabens from antiperspirants and other cosmetics indeed appear to increase your risk of breast cancer.10

The research looked at where breast tumors were appearing and determined that higher concentrations of parabens were found in the upper quadrants of the breast and axillary area, where antiperspirants are usually applied.

The real problem with SLES/SLS is that the manufacturing process (ethoxylation) results in SLES/SLS being contaminated with 1,4 dioxane, a carcinogenic by-product.

• Phthalates are plasticizing ingredients that have been linked to birth defects in the reproductive system of boys and lower sperm-motility in adult men, among other problems. Be aware that phthalates are often hidden on shampoo labels under the generic term "fragrance."

• Methylisothiazolinone (MIT), a chemical used in shampoo to prevent bacteria from developing, which may have detrimental effects on your nervous system.

• Toluene, made from petroleum or coal tar, and found in most synthetic fragrances and nail polish. Chronic exposure linked to anemia, lowered blood cell count, liver or kidney damage, and may affect a developing fetus.

New Bill Could Lead to Safer Cosmetics

As mentioned, while technically the FDA has the authority to take regulatory action against cosmetics companies if they find that a product has been adulterated or misbranded (and can also inspect cosmetic manufacturing facilities as well as collect samples for analysis), they simply do not have the resources to "routinely" test such products or even to take regulatory action except under extreme circumstances. According to the FDA:11

"FDA takes regulatory action based upon agency priorities, consistent with public health concerns and available resources."

A new bill, dubbed the Personal Care Products Safety Act, could change that. As reported by ABC News:12

"Senators Dianne Feinstein, D-California, and Susan Collins, R-Maine, introduced an amendment to the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act that would give the Food and Drug Administration more power and oversight to regulate the chemicals men and women slather on their bodies every day."

The bill includes a system requiring product manufacturers to register their products and ingredients, and would require the FDA to review five chemicals in personal care products each year in order to evaluate their safety. The first set of chemicals recommended for testing include:

Diazolidinyl urea

Lead acetate

Methylene glycol/formaldehyde

Propyl paraben

Quaternium-15

The Personal Care Products Council (PCPC), which is comprised of over 600 different distributors and manufacturers of personal care, cosmetic, and fragrance companies, made a statement in support of the bill, which they have also done in the past…

PCPC Backed Out of Cosmetics Safety Rules in 2013

Requiring the FDA to routinely test personal care products ingredients, and giving them the authority to take action against them, is a basic step to securing safer cosmetics. Such talks have been in the works for decades but so far have been unsuccessful. As recently as 2013, the FDA was in talks with the cosmetics industry, including PCPC, to enact tighter regulations and safety testing, until the organization suddenly had a "change of heart." According to former FDA Commissioner Margaret Hamburg in a letter to PCPC's chairman:13

"PCPC's change of heart is truly unfortunate… Not only will the public not reap the benefits of an effective regulatory scheme, but your industry will not achieve the credible, national regulation that industry representatives declared was needed."

The industry fired back, stating that they were still open to negotiations, but as long as their profits stay protected, I do not believe that they will be quick to voluntarily change in 2015 either.

Slash Your Chemical Exposures with These Simple Tips

The Environmental Working Group has a great database to help you find personal care products that are free of potentially dangerous chemicals.14 Products bearing the USDA 100% Organic seal are among your safest bets if you want to avoid potentially toxic ingredients.

Beware that products boasting "all-natural" labels can still contain harmful chemicals, so be sure to check the full list of ingredients. Better yet, simplify your routine and make your own products. A slew of lotions, potions, and hair treatments can be eliminated with a jar of coconut oil, for example, to which you can add a high-quality essential oil, if you like, for scent.

It's important to remember that your skin is your largest, and most permeable organ. Just about anything you put on your skin will end up in your bloodstream and distributed throughout your body. Once these chemicals find their way into your body, they tend to accumulate over time because you typically lack the necessary enzymes to break them down.

This is why I'm so fond of saying "don't put anything on your body that you wouldn't eat if you had to." What you'll notice if you browse through the ingredients in any of my personal line of natural skin care products is just that – ingredients you'll know and recognize, like organic coconut oil, orange oil, or rosemary extract.

Whether you make your own or switch to a truly natural, toxin-free brand, there are alternatives to the common, and often toxic, products that line drug store and beauty store shelves – and you might even find that you live them better than your old brand. There's no reason to be slathering questionable chemicals onto your skin every day, and the more people who demand better… the more the industry may be forced to ditch their toxic ingredients and change.