Rural electrification, project implemented in the United States in the second quarter of the 20th century by the Rural Electrification Administration (REA), a federal agency established in 1935, under the New Deal, in an effort to raise the standard of rural living and to slow the extensive migration of rural Americans to urban centres; more than 98 percent of the United States’ farms were equipped with electric power under the program.

The REA provided low-interest loans to farm cooperatives for the construction and operation of power plants and power lines in rural areas. Rural electrification brought city conveniences, such as electric lighting and radio, to areas of low population density and allowed for the automation of a number of farm operations.

Although rural electrification did contribute to bridging the gap between urban and rural life, it did not succeed in checking the movement of farm workers to cities; the application of technical innovations, in fact, acted to increase productivity per man-hour and to replace hand labour with automation and mechanization.

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...that the first such cooperatives were formed in Japan in 1900, followed by similar organizations in Germany in 1901. Multiplying at a considerable rate, these farmer cooperatives not only initiated rural electrification as such but provided the basis for its future development.

...have historically tended to be underdeveloped in terms of infrastructure, social services, housing, and economic opportunity. In a notable example from the United States, census data show that rural electrification programs reached some 90 percent of rural off-reserve homes by 1950 but that the same proportion of reservation homes did not have electrical service until 2000. Similar...