Author: Anonymous Date: Tuesday, August 21, 2012 10:07:54 AM EDT Subject:Week 1 Discussion 2 "Autonomous Vehicles and Software Architectures " Please respond to the following: * Autonomous vehicles utilize integrated imaging and vision systems, sensor systems, and control systems to “drive a car”. Determine what you believe are the top-five challenges of integrating these systems. Provide one example for each challenge and explain why you believe it is a challenge. * Explain whether you believe there is a difference between designing and developing software for distributed architectures and stand-alone, non-distributed systems. Provide at least five reasons to support your position. Autonomous Vehicles and Top-Five Challenges

1.) Just for starters, who would be responsible for accidents? Software used in such cars would have to have the same basic reactions as humans, and if there is a computational fault that causes a crash, would the driver or the software-making firm be at fault? Not only this, but vehicle safety standards would have to be assessed and potentially rewritten to account for electronics as well as mechanics — and knowing how governments work, this could take a while.

2.) No system is faultless, and everything has a chance of failure. But if a computer system fails when you’re on the highway, not only could it prove more dangerous than usual — as your attention is unlikely to be fully on the road if something else is in control — and so a self-driving car would have to come with a plethora of safety mechanisms in place to cater for these issues. Not only this, but such a system would have to be able to react to unexpected situations. For example, how would an autonomous car react if a child ran out into a road? The technology may be shiny and new, but safety will prove a massive challenge before this kind of technology will be allowed to see the light of day when it comes down to the general public. Specifically, driving in snow is proving challenging because the snow covers the markers and visual cues that the autonomous sensor technology relies on to pilot a vehicle on its own. 3.) There also may be problems with new roads or changes in street names as well as with situations in which police are manually directing traffic. 4.) Another challenge is driving through construction zones, accident zones, or other situations in which a human is directing traffic with hand signals. The cars are excellent at observing stop signs, traffic lights, speed limits, the behavior of other cars, and other common cues that human drivers use to figure out how fast to go and where and when to turn. But when a human is directing traffic with hand signals--and especially when these hand signals conflict with a traffic light or stop sign--the cars get confused.

5.) Data Challenges: An enormous amount of data will become available for alternative usage, which is likely to present challenges and opportunities pertaining to data security, privacy concerns, and data analytics and aggregation. Privacy concerns must be resolved to enable the deployment of integrated sensor-based and cooperative vehicle technologies. A balance between privacy protection interests and other affected interests is essential to resolve conflicts between the stakeholders who will make decisions about how information is collected, archived, and distributed. Potential stakeholder concerns are numerous: disclosure of vehicle data could reveal trade secrets; public personalities, such as politicians and celebrities, could be connected to potentially embarrassing locations or routes; and ordinary citizens could find themselves spammed or stalked as the data enables a variety of harmful applications such a as commercial misuse, public corruption, and identity theft. And what’s to prevent nefarious governments from using the expanded surveillance capabilities to spy on their citizens?

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...CSSE 377 – SoftwareArchitecture & Design II
SoftwareArchitecture in Banking
A Comparative Paper on the Effectiveness of Different SoftwareArchitectures Within an Financial Banking System
JD Hill Andrew Robby Kruth Joe Salisbury Sam Varga 11/9/2010
Introduction
Softwarearchitecture design is an important aspect of our daily lives whether we know it or not. There are so many different systems that we interact with on a daily basis that we do not recognize are closely tied to softwarearchitecture decisions. These systems handle things from stoplights, electricity, televisions, communications, and many other things. Another example of a software system involved with our life is a system that powers banks and financial networks across the globe. When implementing such a system, there are several things that need to be considered. The design of any software system needs to be thought out and have certain aspects considered from the beginning. By choosing specific quality attributes to be designed into the architecture, there is a greater chance that the system will be successful. Specifically for a bank system, there will be several important attributes to focus on. First, the performance of the system needs to be high quality. Bank workers, people at ATMs, and bank administrators...

...Proposal to Zilack Board of Directors
Team 3
J.M.-Team leader
T.W. -Network Manager
V.T. & W.C.- Software manager
O.B.- Web manager
R.R.- Information Security Manager
11/13/2009
Introduction
Zilack Corporation is a medium-sized manufacturing company with 250 employees. It directly markets one product: the Zilack coffee cup with a patented ball bearing sliding mechanism. James Jr. and a group of 15 other executives run the company.
Zilack Corporation has just received a large sum of money from a venture capitalist. The venture capitalist and James Jr. are predicting 100% growth. To achieve that growth, productivity will need to increase by a similar amount. Therefore, the IT Systems functional area must be updated to assist Zilack’s business model to predict, plan, and implement future growth and profits.
This is a unique opportunity. James Jr. has taken over from his father, James Sr., CEO of Zilack for 37 years. The problem lies in Zilack's current IT functional area, which has been separate from the other Zilack functional areas. Zilack’s business model and IT systems are outdated and in need of new ideas and new employees to implement then. The 100%t growth projection has James Jr. concerned with these questions:
1. What will my updated IT Systems functional area look like?
2. How should IT be integrated with other functional areas so Zilack can meet its business objectives?
3. How can we adhere to our Code of Ethics with such...

...processing—although
fair scheduling can be assumed. (See [5] for an in-depth discussion of this style
and its formal properties.) Figure 1 illustrates this style.
Common specializations of this style include pipelines, which restrict the
topologies to linear sequences of filters; bounded pipes, which restrict the
amount of data that can reside on a pipe; and typed pipes, which require that
the data passed between two filters have a well-defined type.
[pic]
Figure 1: Pipes and Filters
A degenerate case of a pipeline architecture occurs when each filter
processes all of its input data as a single entity.1 In this case the architecture
becomes a “batch sequential” system. In these systems pipes no longer serve
the function of providing a stream of data, and therefore are largely vestigial.
Hence such systems are best treated as instances of a separate architectural style.
The best known examples of pipe and filter architectures are programs
written in the Unix shell [16]. Unix supports this style by providing a notation
for connecting components (represented as Unix processes) and by providing
run time mechanisms for implementing pipes. As another well-known
example, traditionally compilers have been viewed as a pipeline systems
(though the phases are often not incremental). The stages in the pipeline
include lexical analysis, parsing, semantic analysis, code generation. (We
return to this example in...

...﻿MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS - SDA
Question /choices
Reference
1.
State machine diagram is a behavior diagram which shows.
a. state of a part of designed system
b. behavior of a part of designed system
c. state of the machine
d. how the machine works
Lecture 1, Slide 43
2.
Activity diagram is UML behavior diagram which shows flow of control or object flow with emphasis on which one of the following?
a. states and conditions of the flow
b. Activity flow
c. sequence and conditions of the flow
d. Information flow
Lecture 2, Slide 10
3.
Who works for a company that makes a highly successful duck pond simulation game, simUDuck
a. Joe
b. Jhon
c. Aslam
d. Salma
Lecture 3, Slide 18
4.
The observer pattern provides an object design where subjects and observers are
a. Not coupled
b. Coupled
c. Are tightly coupled
d. loosely coupled
Lecture 4, Slide 16
5.
Which one of the following pattern allows you to compose objects into tree structure to represent part-whole hierarchies.
a. Compoiste Pattern
b. Abstract Factory
c. Adaptor
d. Factory
Lecture 5, Slide 58
6.
Which of the following pattern influence the entire system and require all the parts of the system that are touched by the pattern to participate in its design?
a. Architectural patterns
b. Composite patterns
c. Design pattern
d. System pattern
Lecture 7, Slide 30
7.
A view consists of a primary presentation, an element catalog, a...

...Software System Architecture Essay
03/04/2008
Once a business need is established, software system architecture is formulated to meet this business need. To properly formulate the software system architecture we must employ proven strategies, such as diagrams that illustrate the parts of the system and how they work together. These subsystems collaborate intelligently to support the functionality of the whole system. Project managers must be aware of the system architecture involved and how to manage the parts that make up the entire system. A good analogy for visualizing the software systems as subsystems is the manufacture of a successful bicycle line. This particular bicycle consists of many subsystems, such as the frame assembly, wheel assembly, sprocket drive assembly, steering assembly, and the braking subsystem. The subsystems work cohesively to form a main system of functionality as required by stakeholder specifications. The concept of a modular design is very important in a complex system; it enables the designer to modify the system easily by adding or changing existing system components. In addition, all subsystem specifications must be taken into account before any change can be introduced into the system. A software system, when programmed modularly and designed to work in concert to compliment the design, is a...

...
Studying Architecture
The first step in becoming an architect is earning a professional degree from a college or university that has an architecture program accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB). An accredited, professional degree from one of these programs is the most accepted way (and sometimes the only way) to satisfy U.S. registration boards’ education requirements. The type of degree you earn may also have an impact on whether you can become licensed in multiple jurisdictions.
To learn the other registration requirements, see Experience Through Internships and Architect Registration Examination.
Overview of Architectural EducationA degree in architecture provides the foundation in architectural knowledge and process.
The primary means of satisfying most U.S. registration boards’ education requirements is earning a professional degree from a program accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB). NAAB is the only agency authorized to accredit architecture programs in the United States. It is also a requirement for an NCARB Certificate, which facilitates reciprocity between registration boards.
Graduation from a NAAB-accredited program does not guarantee registration as an architect. You must also complete experience and examination requirements.
NAAB-Accredited Programs
There are over 100 schools of architecture in the United States that have...