Summary

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
(PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to
gauge various aspects of human development, including individual
differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. The
Employment and Income Interview was an atypical measure in that its
primary concern was not to evaluate the developmental circumstances
but rather to assess the economic circumstances surrounding the
subjects. The Employment and Income Interview was administered to the
subjects' primary caregivers for Cohorts 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 and to
the subjects themselves for Cohort 18. The Employment and Income
Interview was developed specifically for the PHDCN Longitudinal Cohort
Study with the intent of combining the employment and income data
obtained with educational status data to create socioeconomic
stratifications for the respondents. The Employment and Income
Interview sought to obtain data describing the respondent's current or
most recent employment and that of his or her partner. The Employment
and Income Interview also sought information regarding primary income
and additional sources of income as well total working hours,
proximity to work, and means of transportation to work for both the
respondent and his or her partner.

Citation

Earls, Felton J., Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne, Raudenbush, Stephen W., and Sampson, Robert J. Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Employment and Income Interview, Wave 1, 1994-1995. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2006-02-17. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR13587.v1

Geographic Coverage

Restrictions

Access to these data is restricted. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete a Restricted Data Use Agreement, specify the reasons for the request, and obtain IRB approval or notice of exemption for their research.

Study Purpose

Project on Human Development in Chicago
Neighborhoods

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN)
was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools,
and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. It was
designed to advance the understanding of the developmental pathways of
both positive and negative human social behaviors. In particular, the
project examined the causes and pathways of juvenile delinquency,
adult crime, substance abuse, and violence. At the same time, the
project provided a detailed look at the environments in which these
social behaviors took place by collecting substantial amounts of data
about urban Chicago, including its people, institutions, and
resources.

Longitudinal Cohort Study

One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
behaviors. The age cohorts include birth (0), 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18
years. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge
various aspects of human development, including individual
differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences.

Employment and Income Interview

The data in this collection are from Wave 1 of the Longitudinal
Cohort Study, which was administered between 1994 and 1997. The data
files contain information from the Employment and Income Interview
protocol. The Employment and Income Interview compiled various data
regarding the employment and income of the primary caregivers (Cohorts
0 to 15) and subjects (Cohort 18) to whom the interview was
administered and their partners, when applicable. The purpose was to
describe the economic conditions of the families participating in the
Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Study Design

Project on Human Development in Chicago
Neighborhoods

The city of Chicago was selected as the research site for the PHDCN
because of its extensive racial, ethnic, and social-class diversity.
The project collapsed 847 census tracts in the city of Chicago into
343 neighborhood clusters (NCs) based upon seven groupings of
racial/ethnic composition and three levels of socioeconomic status.
The NCs were designed to be ecologically meaningful. They were
composed of geographically contiguous census tracts and geographic
boundaries, and knowledge of Chicago's neighborhoods were considered
in the definition of the NCs. Each NC was comprised of approximately
8,000 people.

Longitudinal Cohort Study

For the Longitudinal Cohort Study, a stratified probability sample
of 80 neighborhoods was selected. The 80 NCs were sampled from the 21
strata (seven racial/ethnic groups by three socioeconomic levels) with
the goal of representing the 21 cells as equally as possible to
eliminate the confounding between racial/ethnic mix and socioeconomic
status. Once the 80 NCs were chosen, then block groups were selected
at random within each of the sample neighborhoods. A complete listing
of dwelling units was collected for all sampled block groups.
Pregnant women, children, and young adults in seven age cohorts
(birth, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years) were identified through
in-person screening of approximately 40,000 dwelling units within the
80 NCs. The screening response rate was 80 percent. Children within
six months of the birthday that qualified them for the sample were
selected for inclusion in the Longitudinal Cohort Study. A total of
8,347 participants were identified through the screening. Of the
eligible study participants, 6,228 were interviewed.

For all cohorts except 0 and 18, primary caregivers as well as the
child were interviewed. The primary caregiver was the person found to
spend the most time taking care of the child. Separate research
assistants administered the primary caregiver interviews and the child
interviews. The primary method of data collection was face-to-face
interviewing, although participants who refused to complete the
personal interview were administered a phone interview. Interviews
were conducted in Spanish, English, and Polish. In Wave 1 the complete
protocol was translated into Spanish and Polish. An interpreter was
hired for participants who spoke a language other than English,
Spanish, or Polish. Depending on the age and wave of data collection,
participants were paid between $5 and $20 per interview. Other
incentives, such as free passes to museums, the aquarium, and monthly
drawing prizes were also included.

Interview protocols included a wide range of questions. For
example, some questions assessed impulse control and sensation-seeking
traits, cognitive and language development, leisure activities,
delinquency and substance abuse, friends' activities, and
self-perception, attitudes, and values. Caregivers were also
interviewed about family structure, parent characteristics,
parent-child relationships, parent discipline styles, family mental
health, and family history of criminal behavior and drug use.

Employment and Income Interview

The Employment and Income Interview was completed by primary
caregivers (Cohorts 0 to 15) and subjects (Cohort 18). The interview
contained questions regarding the employment status and income earned
by the respondents in order to give an overview of the economic
conditions under which the Longitudinal Cohort Study participants
lived. Each respondent was asked to respond to questions concerning
the details of his or her partner's employment and salary to give a
complete summary of the household's economic situation. The response
format for the Employment and Income Interview varied from question to
question. Some questions were petitioned straightforward, yes or no
responses. Other questions offered multiple choices of which the
respondent was permitted to select the one response which best
described their situation. Multiple responses were permitted for
questions regarding the respondent's transportation to work.
Additionally, there were questions that allowed for open-ended
responses.

Sample

Stratified probability sample.

Universe

Children, adolescents, young adults, and their primary
caregivers, living in the city of Chicago in 1994.

Unit(s) of Observation

Individuals

Data Type(s)

survey data

Mode of Data Collection

face-to-face interview

telephone interview

Description of Variables

The variables from the Employment and Income
questionnaire sought to gather information regarding the socioeconomic
status of the family. Variables included in the Employment and Income
data quantify information describing type of employment, proximity to
job, and means of transportation. Other variables recorded salary
information, number of working hours, and alternative sources of
income. Also included were various administrative variables to specify
such information as cohort, time and date that the measure was
conducted, and identification variables for both the respondent and
the interviewer.

Response Rates

The overall response rate for Wave 1 of the
Longitudinal Cohort Study was 75 percent or 6,228 participants. The
response rates by cohort were:

Original Release Date

2005-07-08

Version Date

2006-02-17

Version History

2005-07-08 ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

Performed recodes and/or calculated derived variables.

Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.

2006-02-17 Data were moved to restricted access.
The metadata record was changed accordingly.

Notes

The public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public. Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.

One or more files in this data collection have special restrictions. Restricted data files are not available for direct download from the website; click on the Restricted Data button to learn more.

The citation of this study may have changed due to the new version control system that has been implemented.