What are the main differences between Islam and Christianity?

While the two religions do share some similarities, there are some stark differences between these two monotheistic religions, including their soteriology, the lives and teaching of their primary prophet, how their faith is spread, their view of God and government, and their view of Jesus.

There are a few significant differences:

1. Soteriology (doctrine of salvation)

While both faiths teach that man is guilty and that there is a day of judgment, they differ in how you can succeed on the day of God’s judgment. Islam teaches that if your good works outweigh your bad works, Allah will most likely forgive you and allow you into heaven, though you can’t be sure. While some say that Islam is not a religion of works, in practice, it is taught that way. In fact, this insecurity and unsureness about one’s eternal state drives many to suicide killing, because certain sects of Islam also teach that if you die as a martyr, you guarantee your entrance into paradise (heaven).

Christianity clearly teaches that salvation can not be earned through good works, but that it is a free gift, as described in Ephesians 2:8-10:

For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith—and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God— not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are God’s workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do.

2. Jesus and Mohammed had some similarities, but they lived very different lives and taught very different messages.

For a superb comparison of the two, I recommend Mark Gabriel’s Jesus and Muhammad: Profound Differences and Surprising Similarities. The author is a former Islamic Ph.D. who was an Imam and taught at the most prestigious Islamic University in the world before leaving his faith (because as an academic, he was persecuted and tortured for asking questions), and later became a Christian. Though he does have a bias, he is very knowledgeable in Islam, and is not judgmental or superficial like a lot of Christian writers on Islam.

Reading this book really opened my eyes to the vast differences between these two men. I found Jesus’ teachings and life to be incredibly superior to that of Mohammed, who, among other things, went on many jihads, killing his enemies, and married many women, including a 6 year old girl (whom he generously waited to have sex with until she was aged 9).

3. How the faith is spread

Islam teaches that their faith is spread by both teaching and by the sword – if a people don’t convert or pay taxes to the Islamic ruling government, they can and should be executed. While some moderate Muslims contend that this is not true, it is most certainly taught by the more conservative (not just the extremist) Islamic organizations, and it is practiced around the world in most modern Islamic nations.

Christianity’s teaching is that the sword can never spread the gospel, but rather, only preaching, reasoned argument, and loving service.

2 Corinthians 10:3-5For though we walk in the flesh, we are not waging war according to the flesh. For the weapons of our warfare are not of the flesh but have divine power to destroy strongholds. We destroy arguments and every lofty opinion raised against the knowledge of God, and take every thought captive to obey Christ

James 3:13Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show it by his good life, by deeds done in the humility that comes from wisdom.

4. Separation of Church and State

Islam’s view is that there is no such thing as separation of church and state. The religious leaders should be running the government, and the laws of Islam, both moral and religious, should be those that are made into law. However, there is a growing moderate Islam which is questioning this doctrine.

In Christianity, of course, there is a broad range of positions on church and state, but one of the most enduring across time is now being espoused by those who support the Bible’s "Cultural Mandate."

Biblical Principle v. Religious Principle

A key distinction of the cultural mandate is that proponents are not interested in legislating religious laws, such as Sabbath attendance or blue laws, but rather, are interested in taking timeless practical principles, many of which are not the sole property of Christendom, and applying them within a biblical framework.

For instance, the principles of an honest and independent judiciary, criminal sentencing accompanied by restitution and the possibility of mercy on the penitent guilty, and the fair treatment of prisoners are all considered to be "biblical principles." This may be a misnomer, since these principles have also been elucidated by other religions and ethical systems. But what makes them biblical to the cultural mandate proponents is that they are in the bible AND fit within a larger biblical framework.

Appeal to Reason v. Appeal To Scriptural Authority

Another key distinction of those supporting a cultural mandate is that, in the public arena, proponents feel that they must convince and argue for their worldview, not from the bible as an authority, but from natural law and common ethics. As an example, they would argue to criminalize murder not because it is condemned by the bible, but because it violates the self-evident right to life that all men deserve, and because it violates the ethic that we should not harm one another or society. Even if cultural mandate proponents are biblically motivated, they respect the idea that appeals to religious authority should not carry weight in public policy discussions.

5. How they view Jesus

Of course, Christianity views Jesus as unique, God incarnate, who once and for all paid the price for sin so that we can be forgiven and given a new and abundant life here.

Islam views Jesus as a prophet, but denies many of his teachings and the biblical teachings about him. Also, since they view the later prophets and their teachings as more authoritative, they value the teaching of Mohammed over those of Jesus. They consider the deity of Jesus a polytheistic idea which denies the existence of one God – while Christians assert that the Trinity is not pantheistic or teaching multiple Gods, Muslims believe that it is, and therefore, is false.

I love this article. However, just like Biblical scripture is used to highlight the Christian perspective, I would like to see Koran references to underscore the Islam perspective. I am not necessarily interested in reading the Koran from front to back (or back to front rather) but I would be very interested in reading sections where these doctrines are extracted from.

Again, I am not saying that xianity is right (though I believe it to be so), but just contrasting the two. I don’t know the Muslim scriptures as well, but highly recommend the books of Mark Gabriel. Cin, Regarding that cartoon, I think it makes some valid claims, and some invalid. Valid – Yes, all claims to the supernatural are, in one sense, equally credible or incredible – Yes, many religious systems claim exclusivity in helping people reach God or heaven. As I said elsewhere, this often is a form of narrow conceit, but in one case, it could be true (but not more than one). This type of claim, however, is not necessarily false just because it is narrow or offensive. You may be offended by the fact that I tell you that having sex often leads to children, but that doesn’t make it untrue. Invalid – Belief in 100 Gods IS less valid than believing in one, from a logical point of view. I am a bit out of my depth here, but I think that the Teleological_argument posits, among other things, that there must be a primer mover, so even if there are spiritual beings like angels or demigods or whatever, there must be a supreme God at the helm. – If you compare the spiritual teachings of Jesus and Mohammed, not to mention their lives, I think you will see that it is very logical and fair to value Jesus and his teaching above that of Mohammed. It’s like night and day. Not only that, logic and reason can be used to assess many of the claims of the scriptures, such as geological and historical evindences, etc. – Christians may be offended, but they don’t want to take away your right to be offensive. That’s really a straw man tactic. Questioning faith and so-called spiritual authority is fine.

It's not true that xianity hasn't been spread by the sword. Consider the experience of natives in the western hemisphere. And I don't see any difference in believing in many gods, three gods in one, or one indivisible god. There's no evidence for any of these views, so why prefer one over the other? Xianity is as guilty of human atrocities as any world-religion.

Consider the experience of natives in the western hemisphere. While social and economic dominance may have been spread by the sword, no one understood these actions to be part of spreading the gospel. However, I'm sure that missions minded Christians did consider the "conquered" peoples to be targets for evangelism. Regarding many Gods v. one, in a sense, you could argue that the difference is insignificant. However, some philosophers have argued, as I mentioned, that logic would point us to one God, not many.Xianity is as guilty of human atrocities as any world-religion. This does not falsify the teachings of Christ at all, any more than the bad actions of a few homosexuals condemns them all. People do bad in the name of just about any ideology. This is no way to evaluate the merit of a system of faith. You are also ignoring the overwhelming good done in the name of Christ worldwide throughout the centuries. While you should evaluate the fruits of a belief system, you must also evaluate its teachings on their own merit. When I condemn Islam, it is not merely because of their actions, but because their foundational teachings point support violence, as did their major prophet. When I praise Buddhism, it is because of the teachings, life, and fruits of keeping those teachings. I don't look at the idiots who do evil in the name of Buddhism (and they do).

I am a muslim, therefore I know many aspects of my religion. I read what you wrote, and all what you are saying about Islam is comletely wrong. I don't know how you learned this, or what is your purpose in giving such a bad image about Islam and our dear prophet Muhammad, who was the most peaceful person you could ever learn about. If you truly read the koran, and understood it, you wouldn't be spreading such nonsense talk. Islam is not a religion of Violence, it never was and it should never be.

I am a muslim, therefore I know many aspects of my religion. I read what you wrote, and all what you are saying about Islam is comletely wrong. I don’t know how you learned this, or what is your purpose in giving such a bad image about Islam and our dear prophet Muhammad, who was the most peaceful person you could ever learn about. If you truly read the koran, and understood it, you wouldn’t be spreading such nonsense talk. Islam is not a religion of Violence, it never was and it should never be.

JUST READ THE LIFE OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD{PBUH} AND PLEASE READ CAREFULLY TO WHOM ABOUT YOU ARE PASSING YOUR COMENTS AND IDEAS JUST READ ONCE….HIS LIFE IS UNCOMPAREBLE TO ANY COMMON HUMAN BEING,READ HIS SIMPLECITY ,HIS FORGIVENESS ,I JUST WANA SAY THAT I HAVE NO NEED OF HEAVEN IN THE JUGEMENT DAY,I JUST WANA A VIEW OF MY PROPHET{PBUH} IN THE LAST DAY,WORDS CAN NOT EXPRESS MY FEELINGS AND MY REQUEST TO YOU DONT RECOGNIZE OR POINT SOME UNEDUCATED AND CRAZY ONE IF YOU WANA SAY ABOUT ISLAM JUST READ THE LIFE OF MY PROPHET{PBUH} AND THAN POINT OUT A SINGLE THING WHICH IS AGAINST HUMANITY……..ALLAH BLESS YOU