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FOOTNOTES:
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(1) "V'Hayah Machanecha Kadosh" ("Your area shall be holy"), which refers
to the four Amos of a person.

(2) According to the first answer of the Pri Megadim in his introduction to
OC 79, since the Rosh (3:46) wrote explicitly that when the excrement is
outside of his "area" ("Machaneh," or four Amos), it is permissible to
recite Shema even if he sees it. Alternatively, the Pri Megadim suggests
that perhaps the prohibition is mid'Oraisa, even according to the Rosh,
reasoning that anything within a person's sight is considered his "area."

(3) This makes it that the excrement is no longer is his "area" but in a
different domain. (According to the Rashba in 2A, this is permissible only
if he cannot see the excrement where it is, see #4 below).

(4) According to the Rashba, the excrement forbids one from reciting Shema
or other holy words in two ways: (a) when it is in his "area" and is
uncovered in such a way that at least others can see it (even if he cannot
see it). This is because the verse states, "Your *area* shall be holy;" (b)
when he sees it and it is not covered at all, even if it is very far away.
This is because the verse states, "There shall not be *seen* in you any
disgusting thing." If it is covered entirely, the Rashba permits reciting
Shema etc. while near it, based on the verse, "and you shall *cover* your
excrement." See Insights.

(5) - if the excrement is beside him or behind him. The same is true if it
is in front of him as far as he can see.

(6) It is then considered to be in a separate domain. According to the
Rashba (see above, #4), it would seem logical to assume that only the
second option works; only if it is completely covered by the glass is it
permitted to be seen. However, it is evident from the words of the Pri
Megadim and Mishnah Berurah (OC 79) that even according to the Rashba it is
permitted if there are dividers surrounding it which do not cover it. (This
is difficult to understand. From the words of the Rashba it seems that it
is not permitted to study Torah when one can clearly see the excrement
unless it is *fully* covered (with a transparent covering). Even if the
excrement is outside, in another room, but one can see it clearly through a
window, it is not clear that the Rashba would permit it, because the fact
that it is in a separate room does not make a difference according to the
Rashba when one can clearly see the excrement.)

(7) This prohibition applies to all "Devarim she'b'Kedushah" (holy words)
such as Keri'as Shema and Shemoneh Esrei. Wearing Tefilin nearby, and even
urinating while wearing them (in a place which was not designated for
excrement), is permitted (TOSFOS 23a DH Chaishinan).

(8) Even if it is issuing forth drip by drip from someone's body (ROSH
3:47). However, if the urine has a bad smell, its prohibition is
mid'Oraisa, as in 9:A.

(9) If it emanated from himself. If it emanated from another person, it is
also prohibited to say Shema or Daven in its presence, but it is permitted
to learn Torah in its presence. (That is, the Rabanan did not enforce this
prohibition when it would cause Bitul Torah.)