Those individuals in our midst without a firm and fixed place to call home in society
have elicited variously: fear, disgust, disdain, punishment, pity, nostalgia, and curiosity. The
transience of their lives positions them ‘outside the city walls’ both literally and symbolically.
These widely negative perceptions see those who experience Homelessness to be burdened
both physically and emotionally. This vastly complicated issue is one, seemingly, without a
solution. So what can sport, specifically football, offer to that which has hitherto failed to
erase this issue?
Homelessness and sport manifest obvious inequalities. So in society as in sport there
are winners and losers. Similar to sport, Homelessness is enduring and kaleidoscopic.
Attitudes toward sport, like arguably the most marginalised members of any society, can
change with time and place. Social inequalities are reflected in sport even if sport has
positioned itself as a salve for a range of social problems. An annual football tournament that
carries the claim that ‘A ball can change the world’ might offer a somewhat simplistic and
mythopoeic view of sport. Such a view of sport has been challenged but it has its aficionados.
Whether or not football, in its delivery or play, is capable of solving anything for those
enduring the predicament of Homelessness is tantamount to this inquiry.
What follows seeks to complement contemporary research by offering a panoptic
view of the genre of that termed ‘Homeless Football’ (HF) utilising an analysis of one
country’s – England – national programme and a HF initiative in a local setting. The local,
national and international segue – hopefully – serves to illustrate the interactions between
those playing and those delivering. Using French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theories and
concepts, the social field of HF is considered and interrogated. In this space of play will be
the focus of four specific questions were asked: What is the social field of HF and how can it
be understood? Who are the social agents taking part in HF? How does HF ‘sit’ within the
broader sport-for-development sector? And lastly, is there a meaningful impact for
individuals experiencing Homelessness through participation in such football opportunities?
The research presents the complexities that encompass HF in definition, delivery, and
desired outcomes. The genre has many angles and aficionados. If it has critics they remain
silent. The dualism of Homelessness and Football proved to be a seductive partnership

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This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University London.