Cosmos bipinnatus 'Psyché White'

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Cosmos ‘Psyché White’ is renowned for its surprisingly large blooms. Huge, crepe paper petals form loose, elegantly waved, upright, pure white blooms.
With delicate fern-like foliage they grow to a height of around 90 to 120cm (36 to 48in), the vigorous plants throw up hundreds of large ruffled blooms from summer right through to first frosts at the end of autumn and provide plenty of colour in the garden and vases full of cut flowers.

Cosmos ‘Psyché White’ are very easy to establish from seed and are a superb choice for garden beds, cut flower gardens or naturalised areas. They are disease free and tolerant of poor soil, heat and humidity and thrive in just about any climate and soil conditions.
It is an excellent choice if you are looking for an easy to grow, no fuss annual that will thrive on minimal care. It is a good choice for children or the less experienced gardener. Water, sun and soil are all that is needed. The flowers arise by the hundreds all summer on vigorous plants and are one of the best nectar plants for attracting bees and butterflies to the garden. The large ruffled blossoms will make a dramatic statement in your bouquets and flowering borders.

Sowing: Sow indoors March to April, or sow outdoors April to May
Sow indoors in early spring 3 to 4 weeks before planting outside, alternatively, the seed can also be sown directly where they are to flower in mid to late spring. Keep soil moderately moist during germination.

Sowing Indoors:
Use well drained soil and cover to a depth of 3mm (1/8in). When large enough to handle, transplant the seedlings into small pots to grow on. Acclimatise to outdoor conditions for 10 to 15 days before planting out after all risk of frost 15cm (6in) apart.

Sowing Direct:
Prepare the ground well and rake to a fine tilth. If sowing more than one annual in the same bed, mark the sowing areas with a ring of sand and label. Sow 1mm (1/18th in) deep in rows 30cm (12in) apart.
Sow seed sparingly or they will choke out other seedlings.
The seedlings will appear in rows approx 6 to 8 weeks after planting and can be easily told from nearby weed seedlings. Thin the seedlings out so they are finally 30cm (12in) apart. Carefully replant thinned plants.

Cultivation:
When the seedlings have three pairs of leaves, pinch out the tips, leaving at least one pair of leaves.
Only water in an extended drought and do not apply large doses of fertiliser as flowering will be suppressed.
Stake the taller varieties with a single or tripod of canes and some twine. Cosmos foliage is finely-cut into threadlike segments. When flowering, the taller varieties may become top heavy. This problem is alleviated when grown in groups, as the bi-pinnate leaves interlock, and the colony supports itself.
Deadhead to prolong flowering and encourage new flower buds. At the season's end, don't be too quick to pull up withering cosmos plants. Birds (particularly gold finches) love to snack on their seedheads in autumn, and the seeds that they miss may drop to the ground and reward you the next year by sprouting into a whole new crop.

Cut Flowers:
Cosmos is a cut-and-come-again bloomer, meaning that the sooner you cut the blooms, the quicker new buds will pop up to replace them. The blooms appear so profusely that you'll still have plenty of colour in the garden after you've picked your flowers. If you sear the stem end in boiling water for twenty seconds they will last a week in water.

Origin:
When Spanish explorers were looking for riches in Mexico to send back to Spain, one of the treasures they found was the golden cosmos flower, Cosmos sulphureus.
In 1789 the flower made its way to England with the wife of the Spanish ambassador to Spain. Half a century lapsed before the golden cosmos reached the US indirectly from England and Spain and directly via Mexico.
Horticulturists are always trying to improve on Mother Nature and today many cultivars of Cosmos sulphureus are available. Depending on variety they will grow anywhere from 30cm to 200cm (1 to 7ft) in height.

Nomenclature:
Cosmos have been reassuring gardeners ever since the 1930s, when breeders first coaxed cosmos to bloom earlier than the native Mexican species, the flower-growing public has been hooked.
Like many of our warm weather annuals such as marigolds, Cosmos originated in Mexico and South America. Spanish priests grew cosmos in their mission gardens in Mexico. The evenly placed petals led them to christen the flower "Cosmos," derived from the Greek kosmos, the word for harmony or ordered, or balanced universe. From this we also get the common name of "The Mexican Aster".
The species name is from the Latin bipinnatus meaning “twice-pinnate” The botanical epithet is from the Latin pinnatus meaning “with leaflets arranged in opposite pairs.