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Slide 2 Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999  FEMA came into force with effect from June 1,  The objective of facilitating external trade and payments for promoting the orderly development and maintenance of foreign exchange market in India.  There is a paradigm shift from objective under FERA viz. controlling /conversation of foreign exchange for utilisation of economic development of the country.  With this shift in objective in mind there was also a shift in dealing with the issue relating to penal provisions.

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Slide 3 Offences and Penalties  The objective of FEMA is to ease FE control and restrictions. The freedom thus provided to the residents can be legitimately enjoyed by them in respect of all their bonafide transactions, current or capital. Reasonable restrictions are imposed on such rights to the extent provided under the Act. Such restrictions are notified through the Rules / Regulations. Contravention of such Rules / Regulations may only attract monetary fines and penalties within the broad limits defined under the Act.  The above freedom can only be enjoyed if resident Indians abide by the law and undertake bonafide transactions through banking channels or authorised dealers. Persons indulging in patently illegal transactions must continue to attract stiff penalties.  Violation of FERA was a criminal offence, whereas of FEMA provisions would be contravention of civil nature and would attract monetary fines and penalties within the broad limits defined under the Act.  Therefore, Chapter-IV consisting of sections 13 to 15 has been incorporated in the Act, which deals with penalties under FEMA.

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Slide 5 Compounding of Contravention Settle an offence committed by the contravener through imposition of a monetary penalty without going in for litigation after the contravener acknowledges voluntarily having committed the contravention.. What does it mean ?

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Slide 6 Meaning, scope & effect.  Compounding means acceptance of satisfaction by the person who has suffered injury in lieu of punishment prescribed under law. Compounding of offence enables the injured persona and the offender to terminate the criminal proceedings against the offender. Under the law, the injured person accepts satisfaction in lieu of punishment to the offender. Under this law, the public authorities who represent the society at large, are empowered to accept satisfaction in lieu of continuance of proceedings. Generally courts are of the view that compounding is not opposed to public policy. It does not amount to hushing up either. Compounding enables restoring of relationship in place of feud between the parties.

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Slide 7 Meaning, scope & effect contd…  Sec.15(2) of the Act provides that upon compounding of offence, no proceedings or further proceedings shall be initiated or continued in r/o offences compounded. Sec.320(8) of the Cr.P.C. the effect of compounding is brought out more clearly. “The composition of an offence under this section shall have the effect of an acquittal (i. e. discharge) of the accused with whom the offence has been compounded”. Therefore, under the law also, an offence is compounded, the order of the compounding must clearly discharge the applicant.

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Slide 9 Legal position contd..  Powers to compound (Section 15) - any contravention under Section 13 may, on application made by the person committing such contravention, be compounded within 180 days from the date of application by –  Directorate of Enforcement.  Reserve Bank of India.

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Slide 10 Penalties – (prescribed under Sec.13)  Up to thrice the sum involved in such contravention where such amount is quantifiable.  Or up to two lakh rupees where the amount is not quantifiable.  And where such contravention is a continuing one, further penalty which may extend to five thousand rupees for every day after the first day during which the contravention continues.

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Slide 13 Contravention done as per -  Foreign Exchange (Compounding Proceedings) Rules, 2000 notified by Government of India as amended from time to time.  A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No.31 / issued by RBI to implement Compounding Rules with a view to providing comfort to the citizens and corporate community by minimising transaction cost while taking serious view of the willful, malafide and fraudulent transactions.  Administrative Guidelines “Scheme of Compounding under FEMA”.  Cir No. 31/2005has been superseded vide recent Circular No. 56 dated with the objective of rationalisation and streamlining of the process and the procedure for compounding and to enhance transparency and effect smooth implementation of the compounding process.

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Slide 15 Application Form  Only 8 items;  Must be completed in all respects;  Accompanied with the fees of Rs.5000;  Full details of the person authorised to handle the application;  Col. 5 specify the details of contravention, explicitly and expressly;  Specify/ describe the details/ facts, parties involved etc.

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Slide 17 Examination by RBI.. Points considered..  Whether the contravention is : - technical and/or minor in nature and needs only an administrative cautionary advice; - serious and warrants compounding; - prima-facie involves money-laundering, national and security concerns involving serious infringements if the regulatory frame work; and - there is a sufficient cause for further investigation by the DoE under FEMA or Anti-Money Laundering Authority instituted under the AML Act 2002, or any other agency. - Press Release : /234 dt: 13/08/2010 RBI has clarified the matter relating to clssification.

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Slide 18 Examination by RBI contd..  The compounding application is disposed of on merits, upon consideration of records and submissions made by the applicant in the application as well as during the personal hearing and at the absolute discretion of the Compounding Authority.  Compounding Authority acts under the supervision of the Governor of the RBI.

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Slide 19 Examination by RBI contd..  Indicative factors taken in to account by RBI while deciding the sum for which the contravention is compounded while passing compounding order : - the amount of gain of unfair advantage, where quantifiable, made as a result of contravention; - the amount of loss caused to any authority/ agency/exchequer as a result of contravention; -economic benefits accruing to the contravener from delayed compliance or avoidance of compliance; continued…

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Slide 20 Examination by RBI contd.. - the repetitive nature of the contravention, the track record and/or history of non-compliance of the contravener; - contravener’s conduct in undertaking the transaction and disclosure of full facts in the application and submission made during the personal hearing; and - any other factor as considered relevant and appropriate.

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Slide 23 Contents of Compounding order..  The provisions of FEMA, 1999 or any rule, regulation, notification, direction or order issued under FEMA, 1999 in r/o contravention has taken place along with details of the alleged contravention;  The sum for which the contravention is compounded; and  The manner and time limit for payment of the sum compounded – 15 days from the date of the compounding order.

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Slide 24 Legal position…  Sec 34 : No Civil Court shall have jurisdiction to entertain any suit or proceedings in r/o any matter which an Adj. Authority or the Appellate Tribunal or the the Spl. Director ( Appeals) is empowered by or under the Act to determine and no injunction shall be granted by any Court or other authority in r/o any action taken or to be taken in pursuance of any power conferred by or under this Act.

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Slide 25 Legal position..  Sec 35 : Appeal to High Court : Any person aggrieved by any decision or order of the Appellate Tribunal may file an appeal to the High Court within 60 days from the date of the communication of the decision or order of the Appellate Tribunal on any question of law arising out of such order.

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Slide 26 Violations under FERA 1973(Sec. 49 of FEMA)  In case no cognizance/action is taken within a period of two years (i.e. sunset clause-up to 31/5/2002),then the offences do not subsist & no Court or AA can take such cognizance after  There can be three type of such cases-(i) Cognizance taken within a period of two years by Court, (ii) Cognizance taken by DoE (iii) Cognizance not taken [ Consistent with the provisions of FEMA 1999 or not Consistent with the provisions of FEMA 1999 ].

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Slide 27 Contravention by the Authorised Person..  Sec. 11 (3) : Where any authorised person contravenes any direction given by the RB under this Act or fails to file any return as directed by the RB, the RB may, after giving reasonable opportunity of being heard, impose on the AP a penalty which may extent to the ten thousand rupees and in the case of continuing contravention with an additional penalty which may extent to two thousand rupees for every day during which such contravention continues.

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Slide 28 Latest developments …  As a measure to customer service and in order to facilitate the operational convenience, it has been decided to delegate the powers to the ROs of the RBI mentioned below to compound the contraventions of FEMA involving (i) delay in reporting of inward remittance, (ii) delay in filing of form FC-GPR after allotment of shares and (iii) delay in issue of shares beyond 180 days (viz. paragraphs 9(1)(A),9(1)(B) and 8, respectively, of the Schedule I to FEMA.20/2000- RB of (A.P.DIR-57/ )