Posts Tagged ‘web 3.0’

In previous posts, especially in those related to content mapping, I frequently referred to collective actions and efforts in describing certain concepts, but never elaborated on the exact meaning of these terms. One could think that collectivity and collaboration are identical (they often are mentioned in the same context) as both have something to do with individuals working together. In fact, I find it important to highlight their differences for I expect collectivity to play as vital a role in Web 3.0 as collaboration did in Web 2.0.

Transition

As already understood from popular Web 2.0 applications such as Wikipedia, Google Docs, or WordPress, we define collaboration as sharing workload in a group of individuals who engage in a complex task, working towards a common goal in a managed fashion, and are conscious of the process’ details all the way.

As the number of participants grow however, it becomes apparent that collaboration is not scalable beyond a certain level while remaining faithful to the definition outlined above. Although there is such a thing as large-scale collaboration, what that covers is lots of people having the possibility of contribution but in reality only a few doing so. Mass collaboration goes further by blurring the definition of collaboration so much that it practically becomes just another expression for collectivity.

And when I speak of collectivity, I think of a crowd performing a simple, uncoordinated task where participants don’t have to be aware of their involvement in the process while contributing. The outcome of a collective action is merely a statistical aggregation of individual results.

Different realms

Collaboration and collectivity operate in different realms. Collaboration can be thought of as an incremental process (linear) while collectivity is more similar to voting (parallel). On the figure below, arrows represent the timeline of sub-tasks performed by participants.

Suppose a sub-task like that was the creation or modification of a Wikipedia entry. In this case collaboration proves more effective, as it offers a higher chance of eliminating factual errors during the process, while a collective approach would surely preserve all of them (and offer the one with the fewest). The semantic complexity of a document does not fit the more or less hit-and-miss approach of collectivity.

However, if we decrease the complexity of the content, say, to one sentence, the probability of individual solutions being as ‘good’ as products of collaboration is expected to be equal. Collective approaches therefore suit low-complexity content better.

The synaptic web

What content is of lower complexity than connections within a content network? Different relations such as identity, generalization, abstraction, response or ‘part-of’ require no more than a yes-no answer. Collectivity is cut out exactly for this kind of tasks.

With the advent of the real-time web, however, increasingly effective publishing, sharing and engagement tools are making it easier to find connections between nodes in near-real time by observing human gestures at scale, rather than relying on machine classification.

Hence the synaptic web calls for collectivity. What we need now is more applications that make use of it.

Updates

Just one day before my post, @wikinihiltres posted an article comparing the efficiency of collective and collaborative approaches to content production through the examples of Wikipedia and Wikinews, concluding that “the balance that ought to be sought is one that continues to accept the powerful aggregative influence, but that greatly promotes collaboration where possible, since collaboration most reliably produces good results”.

In the previous post I introduced a quantitative definition for global consciousness derived from the Collective Entity Space (CES). While quantitative analysis based on this definition helps to understand (or lay down) the fundamentals of a global consciousness, we need a more abstract frame of reference: a comprehensible system of criteria through which we can observe, classify or even design its perceivable characteristics.

Consciousness Classification Criteria (CCC)

I propose one such system that’s connected to the CES and consists of five components: communication, problem solving, maturity, usefulness and control.

Communication

How do we communicate with it?

It’s reasonable to expect a global consciousness to be able to communicate with other intelligent entities, including humans.

To find a communication channel to a global consciousness, it’s vital to understand its event – response mechanisms. One entity may offer several choices of various complexity and response time. For instance, a LovelockianGaia entity would take eons to respond, making communication with humans practically impossible due to non-matching time windows.

For communication to succeed the complexities and response times must agree on both sides.

Language

The mechanisms described above model the internal working of the ‘brain’. Based on our own experiences however, communication hardly occurs in a brain-to-brain fashion. There’s usually a series of abstraction layers on top forming an interface, through which flows a stream of information encoded by a mutually understood protocol.

In a human analogy the brain controls the diaphragm, vocal cords and tongue, and interprets audio signals captured by the tympanum. All this is accurately coordinated to form a structured system of voice patterns we call language.

How are the same kind of abstractions found or developed for / by a global consciousness? For instance, how do we manipulate world events in case of GCP in order to purposefully teach it something, or ask a question? Similarly, how do we arrange its correlation patterns into meaningful answers, acknowledgements, warnings or requests?

Problem solving

What problems does it solve?

Sometimes the existence of a global consciousness in itself solves certain problems. For instance, Twitter is today the medium of choice even when other means of news reporting are available. Natural disasters, protests against totalitarian regimes and unexpected events in general are repeatedly reported on Twitter for the first time due to its accessibility and real-time nature.

But that’s not the kind of problem solving my question refers to.

Assume we’ve overcome the difficulties of communication. There’s a collective intelligence with the combined (or entirely new level of) wisdom of the people (and perhaps the whole biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, etc.) of Earth, and we are able to conduct meaningful conversations. What sort of problems can it solve as a collective intelligence? What sort of questions can we ask from the global brain – Twitter?

It’s quite likely that the problem solving capabilities of a global consciousness restrict to a very narrow set of problems.

Maturity

How far developed is it?

I define two major stages in the development of a collective consciousness: preconscious (unrelated to the same term used in psychoanalysis) and postconscious development.

Preconscious development covers the process up to the point of gaining consciousness. During this stage components are probably still underdeveloped or too few, or the required technology, activeness or awareness has not yet arisen. The ‘brain’ is not yet functional at this point. Imagine a global ‘preconsciousness’ as a five dimensional blob forming and expanding in the Collective Entity Space.

After gaining consciousness development advances to the postconscious stage. For the sake of simplicity, I divide this one into two sub-stages: infancy and maturity. During infancy the collective consciousness is learning. Although it already has the capacity to communicate or solve problems, it’s lacking the necessary amount of information, experience and wisdom. As soon as those are obtained the collective consciousness reaches maturity. That is when its full potential is unleashed and becomes a true global consciousness.

Here’s an example for a lifeline.

Entity

Preconscious

Infancy

Maturity

Twitter

users are too few and interaction too slow

language being formed upon retweet patterns

communication using developed language

For global consciousnesses that presumably already exist, these stages are mostly unknown. For instance the Global Consciousness Project doesn’t investigate the internal mechanisms of the noosphere, only gathers evidence for its existence and studies its behavior. The same applies to the Gaia theory.

Even if the lifeline of a collective consciousness is known it’s still not necessarily clear which stage it is currently in. The Twitter example aptly demonstrates the connection between the obviousness of a lifeline and the fact that it is based on well-known technology.

Usefulness

What do we benefit from it?

Similar to problem solving, the usefulness of a global consciousness may originate in either a) its existence (native usefulness), or b) its conscious quality (conscious usefulness). But unlike at problem solving, both are equally important as both may have an impact on evaluation or design. Furthermore, a global consciousness can be beneficial on both individual and global scale.

The following examples show these conceivable benefits for three different entities.

Gaia

The Gaia entity as Earth is the only known stellar object in the universe to support life. Even if it does not consciously maintain the optimal circumstances for life, life does exist on Earth, and that’s certainly useful for every living thing on its surface.

Depending on the different views (strong Gaia vs. weak Gaia), a conscious Gaia facilitates co-evolution, or manipulates the physical environment for biologically optimal conditions. Both are advantageous on a global scale even though individual benefits are not so straightforward to see.

Gaia

Individual

Global

Native

individual life

life

Conscious

?

co-evolution / homeostasis

Global Consciousness Project

The GCP project is very much like eavesdropping on a global consciousness. We don’t know anything about the entity itself, we only hear it whispering and look for patterns. As long as we don’t get to know more, native usefulness remains a mystery on both global and individual level.

The conscious usefulness of GCP however, is exactly what the project is about. The correlation between world events (resonance in the noosphere) and REG output may help predict and avoid disasters.

GCP

Individual

Global

Native

?

?

Conscious

avoiding disasters

predicting disasters

Twitter – global brain

The native usefulness of Twitter is very easy to identify. It’s obvious to anyone who understands how and for what purpose it is being used. An individual may connect with friends, build a network, access information, keep in touch, and all that in real-time. There’s no consensus about its advantages, but it’s mostly agreed that it ignites personal and professional communities and increases online transparency.

The benefits of a conscious Twitter, or any real-time social network for that matter that, enhanced with automated agents, resemble a neural network are unknown as of today.

Twitter

Individual

Global

Native

access to news

emerging communities

Conscious

?

?

Again, it seems that the use of technology affects our knowledge of a global consciousness. As the examples indicate, information on native usefulness is more likely to be obtained when the entity relies on technology.

Control

Are we in control of it?

The word consciousness implies autonomous behavior. Without it the abilities, knowledge and wisdom of a global consciousness would not be exploitable. Still, I anticipate people to be afraid of a planet-size autonomous, conscious entity even if they are parts of it.

To that end I outline two ways to ‘neutralize’ a global consciousness.

Disabling its components by reducing the level of engagement or awareness below the entity’s threshold.

Destroying connections between components by restricting access to the technology or natural phenomena involved.

In quantitative terms, it’s a suitable transformation in the CES. There may be certain cases however, where such transformation is not possible. A global consciousness that doesn’t require active involvement nor awareness from its components and where connections are made on the quantum-level (GCP comes to mind), would require highly advanced (and thus currently unattainable) technology reaching down from individual consciousness to the most basic elements of matter.

Control and technology do too, seem connected. The more technology dependent a global consciousness is the more control we have over it.

Structure and goals

The five criteria making up the CCC are connected to each other, depend on each other. Communication is a prerequisite for problem solving and maturity. Usefulness refers to both. Communication implicitly, maturity, usefulness and control directly refer to the CES.

Beside these connections, criteria may also be categorized by bias. Communication, problem solving and maturity are unbiased as they are viewed from an objective perspective. Usefulness and control however, are concerns very specific to human society.

Maturity, usefulness and control are also connected by their reliance on technology. Through that we see how technology affects our knowledge about global consciousnesses.

We have much more control over entities that are technology-dependent.

The three points prove how much we still don’t understand beyond what’s already in our control. The CCC aims to uncover these blind spots in regard to global consciousness by asking the right questions.

The emergence of the next generation Web forces us to engage ourselves in deeper and deeper conversations on the topic of global consciousness. While the concept has been around for decades, it’s starting to gain more and more attention as we crawl closer to a new Web experience where the amount of information and connections between peers is reaching heights never seen before.

Semantic definition

When we’re talking about global consciousness, it is not always clear what we mean by it. Jay Earley describes global consciousness as the next step in human evolution. His definition goes as,

By global consciousness I mean collective global reflexive consciousness. The word reflexive refers to the ability of consciousness to reflect back on itself, the ability of a being to be aware of itself. Global refers to all of humanity. I use the world collective because I am referring to the consciousness of the human race as a whole, not a global consciousness that any of us might have as individuals.

While Jay’s semantic definition is very clear and helps us a great deal to understand and visualize the meaning of global consciousness, it can’t be used for analysis exactly because of that semantic nature.

The Collective Entity Space

Jay Earley’s definition however, provides a framework in which a multitude of global consciousnesses may co-exist. These autonomous entities might agree in their components, but they may differ in the extent of individual engagement and awareness, as well as in the nature and technology dependence of connections between components.

These independent properties (components, engagement, awareness, nature, technology) form the grid of a multi-dimensional space in which a collective entity (collective reflexive consciousness) such as a global consciousness, manifests.

Components: A collective entity is formed by its components. Depending on the theory or technology the entity is fundamentally based on, components may be constituted by living, inanimate or even abstract entities.

Engagement: Engagement expresses the level of activeness shown by components. A collective entity is considered active, if its formation and functioning requires its components to actively engage themselves in the process. Consequently, the entity is passive, if they don’t.

Awareness: Whether components are aware of their contribution to the collective entity.

Nature: The process of maintaining connections between components, which is essential to the entity’s existence, must be rooted in natural phenomena: physical, chemical, bio-chemical, biological, psychical or social, or their combination. The exact mixture is often specific to the entity.

Technology: Connections, beside being based on a mix of natural laws, may also emerge by the use of technology.

Looking at the possible values each property may take, the possibilities are endless.

Quantitative definition

Using the concept of Collective Entity Space (CES), we can now put the definition of global consciousness in different wording.

A global consciousness is a finite volume in the Collective Entity Space, which, projected to the components axis, reveals the relevant components of Earth.

This definition has two advantages.

It’s applicable to analysis as it’s derived from the Collective Entity Space.

The possible existence of multiple global consciousnesses is obvious, since projection is surjective.

In the definition, I used “relevant components of Earth” as opposed to Jay Earley’s “humanity”, because there are theories out there that do not restrict components to human beings (e.g. the Gaia Theory).

Examples

The viability of the Collective Entity Space concept is proven by how existing theories and projects concerning global consciousness fit into it. Four examples are listed below with a short description and their CES properties.

Gaia Theory

The Gaia Theory presumes that the entire planet, including the biosphere forms an organic system that maintains a homeostasis in favor of life.

Components

Engagement

Awareness

Nature

Technology

All components of Earth

Passive

Unaware

Mixed

None

GCP

The Global Consciousness Project (GCP) is an experimental network of quantum random number generators where output patterns are observed, recorded, and correlated to world events.

Components

Engagement

Awareness

Nature

Technology

All humanity

Passive

Unaware

Physical (quantum), Psychical

None

Global Brain

The Global Brain theory, as described by Dean Pomerleau, compares the characteristics of real-time social networks, such as Twitter, to those of the human brain. Consciousness is reached by the ever improving complexity and responsiveness of these networks.

Components

Engagement

Awareness

Nature

Technology

Twitter users

Active (retweeting)

Unaware

Physical (electrodynamics)

Internet

Lightworkers

Lightworkers is a spiritual group aiming to create global consciousness (“divine consciousness”, or “collective whole”) on a spiritual level through meditation (“Global Unity Meditation”).

Components

Engagement

Awareness

Nature

Technology

Group followers

Active (meditation)

Aware

Psychical (spiritual)

“Hemisynch Meditation”

Conclusion

Comparing and analyzing instances of any concept starts with a clear and quantitative definition. In the very case of global consciousness one way of obtaining such a definition is through the Collective Entity Space which is constructed of generalizations made during the deconstruction of global consciousness itself.