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HEALTHY AND VIGOROUS HOGS
Pasture Furnishes Necessary Exercise
in Gathering Succulent Feed
Feed Some Grain.
"Corn for fat and pasture for pork,"
said a farmer. lie merout, says It. C.
Ashby, assistant animal hushmadman
in charge of swine, U'niversity farm,
St. I'::l, that the pasture furnished
exercise in gathering the green, suc
cule:t feed, an1l )by kc'ping the lhgs
Ready for Market.
healthy and vigorous, it put them in
the best condition to make good gains
from their grain feed.
It pays to feed grain on pasture, for
pasture alone will do little more than
keep up a pig's weight. A light to
medium grain ration is usually most
profitable. About two or three pounds
of grain a day is a good ration for
shoats weighing eighty to one hundred
pounds. If you have scales, weigh
your pigs occasionally and feed about
three pounds of grain daily for each
100 pounds live weight of hogs.
Good rations for summer feeding are
easily obtained. On clover, alfalfa or
rape pasture, feed corn and a little
skim milk. On blue grass or timothy
pasture feed three pounds of skim
milk to each two pounds of corn.
71l i *,wo~uld do so harm. It
skim milk is not at hand, it will pay
to feed oil meal or tankage with the
corn, where blue grass or timothy pas
ture is used about one part tankage
to eleven parts corn or one part oil
meal to seven parts corn.
NOSE-BAG SUPPORT IS HANDY
Horse Is Enabled to Eat From Bottom
of the Bag Without Bracing on
the Sidewalk.
The interesting features of this de
vice are the brace that runs to the low
er part of the hamnes, and the flexible
support attached to the top of the
Support for Nose-Bag.
hamrnes. The Invention is intended to
enable the horse to eat from the bot
tom of the bag without being compelled
to brace it against the sidewalk or
other solid object.
PRODUCTIVE PERIOD OF EWE
Does Her Best at From Three to Six
Years of Age-Keep Her While
Teeth Remain Good.
The most productive period of the
average ewe's life is from three to
six years of age. As a general propo
sition, keep the ewe as long as the
teeth rem:ain good and she is produc
ing lambs regularly.
Of course, if sheep are kept continu
ously on the same pasture, they are
liable to stomach-worm infection, but
such infection more often proves senri
ous in the case of young lambs than
with older sheep.
BROOD MARE AND HER COLT
Youngster Should Be Kept in Dark
ened Stall During Day-Allow It
to Suckle Often.
If the mare is worked, keep the colt
in a cool, dark stall during the day.
For the first few weeks after foaling
bring the mare to the barn and allow
the colt to suckle..
Do this in the middle of the fore
noon and in the middle of the after
noon, as well as at morning, noon and
ight.
LSTIMIULATE INTEREST !N BETTER HOS.ES_
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PRZ'.WNNN ,.,INSTILO
'r(ni th'e Unll e, S!t.tt s l , par)t ' llr.t t,'
(' At shl i ws aie provin a great nid
in stitnulat in i ;tti rest ill tlth' brt',tiIU
of h!gh-eI l.-s; hit es". Next to omltllila
Itity horsI. h!'e'd1r-' f..,tt(i'ttions and
state stallion licen<e l:tws thlere is, 1p1
ialrs, n ot her falctor thaIit will s, n11t
tl!ri;Illuy as isl in in the i plt)ol llv nt of
the horses of the el ciutr~y. It is only
in recelnt years Itit ilnllet'ls hals ltn
given to this very iioptir anlt feat Ulre i
Connection with tlhe rIapidly-gro(wing
al hen lle it for letter hlurst s.
At the present time el t sho ws are
an annual event in nn vy d(Iistricts of a
number of the states, chietly where
stallion license laws are in effect. As
?in illustration of the popularity of
thlse shows and the keen interest man
ifested in them by the people of the
farming eomnnunities, it is reported
that in 1915 no less than 25 colt shows
were held in the state of Minnesota
alone. In some sections these shows
are held in the spring, but in a ma
jority of cases the fall of the year is
selected. The latter season appears
to be preferable for a number of rea
sons. At that time the heaviest part
of the farm work is about over; and
with more time to spare, farmers will
take a greater interest in the event and
the object for which it is held.
Feature of County Event.
These exhibitions are invariably held
Independent of the county fair, al
though there is apparently no reason
why a show of this kind could not be
made an important and outstanding
feature of the annual county event.
In some instances these shows were
inaugurated with simply one class for
grade draft foals and have gradually
grown until the classification is almost
as complete as that of the state fair.
Superior Farm Team.
However, such a large classification is I
not possible In most localities, as the
larger atnount of money necessary can
not be raised. The best plan, and the
most beneficial one, perhaps, would be
to hold an exhibition for weanlings and
yearlings only. If the community or
district has a fairly large number of
purebred horses, separate classes could
be provided for purebreds and grades.
The question of having classes for
both light and heavy horses will de
pend upon whether sufficient attention
is being given to the production of botl
classes.
Financing an Exhibition.
In securing the necessary funds to
finance such an exhibition as a colt
show a number of different plans have
been suggested. In Minnesota one
show is financed by the stallion own
ers, each giving $25 in cash prizes, to
be divided among the colts sired by
his stallion. Another plan is to have
the County Horse Breoders' association
or the various farmers' clubs contrib
ute sufficient money to finance the
show, while still another scheme is for
the local bank or banks to furnish the
money for premiums and other ex
penses.
However, the most popular and com
mon method is to go among the busi
ness men of the contuunity and secure
subscripti{,ns in suflicient amount to
pay all expenses of the show.
All premiums should be designated
by neat, but inexpensive ribbons on
which are printed the name of the
show, the year, and the classes to
which they belong.
Suitable Trophy.
While the premiums in the individual
classes should consist of cash awards,
it is suggested that the championship
orize consist of a suitable trophy rath
'r 11:11 Ilmlnty. This t1'op)hy lt , .:,t
, I '` ,:-ri Ie exp !e.iv . It shou..l.
h,.i\ ,ti'r, ie sonmitethig l:P-tin;:, tI
\nyv lbr. 'hr T ,wo'ib be ghtd h, pI, ''.
soethintig of this kind, the truw'. i ,u
ii which is in what it r-prlu,'tnt~.
The s't'lring of o'llipetelt ln to
Lit 'i . j tidges is an ji ol)l't:i t c). !
:alion. his problem prohl ly ca.: I'
olvd i'onmaratively easily lby taki
uip th, I:atler with th e a ni atl hit.
Ii:ndry division of the sttte agricn"il
Sin tl cildhege or with the ,statllion rl'e
istration board. Either of these bodies
iprolt-iihly will be willing to co-operatei
with the local commtittee and furni h
elficient judges for the show.
Improvement in Quality.
When once established, it \'l!
found that the annual colt show will di
luch to bring about an hnprovcienI
in the quality of the horses raid'ed in
the coinunuity. These exhibition~,
held preferably at the county seat, will
afford possible prospective buyers an
opportunity to learn something of the
class of horses being produced in the
locality, and the community will thus
S e benefited by the fact that it will
Il eventually have established itself us
d a market for horses that will readily
sell at good prices.
There is every reason to believe that
the practice of holding annual colt
shows will become more general. The
fact that they have ncreased consid
n erably in the past few years is evidence
that they have not only proved popular
g but profitable as well.
The movement through the country
Stoday is not for more horses, but rather
for better horses. Whatever the fu
Sture demand may be, the man raising
t the better class of horses will receive
the higher price.
DEFECTIVE HORSES
IN PUBLIC SERVICE
Agricultural Department Collects
Data Regarding Unsound
ness of Stallions.
(From the United States Department of
Agriculture.)
Reports received from 13 of the
states having laws regulating the pub
lic service of stallions ,show the fol
lowing percentages of unsoundness in
stallions out of 2,640 reported cases:
Per cent.
Side bone ...... .................. . 3
Laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring).......... 12
Bone spavin ........ ................ 11
Defective or curby hocks................. 7
Periodic ophthalmia ...................... 6
Cataract ..................... .............. 4
Spavin (not classified)..................... 3
Bog spavin ....................8.......... 6
Ring bone ...................... ........ 4
s Stringhalt ......... ....................... 3
e The remaining 9 per cent consisted
of such defects as chorea, general un
e soundness, faulty conformation, and
e scattering imperfections.
These figures do not represent indi
r vidual stallions, but indicate the num
her of cases of unsoundness. For in
stance, a single stallion may be af
' fected with two or more physical de
r tects and others with but one. A re
port from all the states having stallion
Slicense laws could not be secured, as
in several no record is kept, but the
figures given may be accepted as rea
sonably offering an index to the most
Scommon physical defects among pub
lice service stallions.
In some of these states certain dis
eases andl unsoundness disqualify a
stallion for service, while in others the
stallion may stand, but the condition of
sounldness must be noted on the li
cense certificate, a copy of which is re
quired to ble posted at the place where
the stallion is being stood for service,
PROPER TRAINING FOR COLT
Accustom It to Eating Grain Before
Taking From Mother-Should
Be Halter Broken.
a We never yet have weaned a colt
but that it was used to eating grain
I before being taken from its mother,
a consequently there was practically no
e loss in flesh or growing, says a writer
a in an exchange.
WVe also have each colt halter bro
ken by the time it is ready to be
.1 weaned.
, This thing of letting colts run until
two and three years old before putting I
i- a halter on them is not good business.
POINTS OF GOOD DAIRY COW
Animal Is Machine to MaNnufacture
Largest Amount of Milk Frcm Food
Consumedi-Her Make-Up.
(I7 R. iT. W IILI.\M , ]'1;.tr'o 't,' ,,f
Animal Htu.s , hry, ['ziver:.y ,. .\:
The i ,ta iry o. , ' is :1 In:,I :;r tt
ollnul tl re ah+ lre.)t uh iul . of
itilk fot' lim the' f,',le ,' ýI1ItI4lm . It
litS b1)en 11)0n1ld thiat : lit ,l' ows. whi. I
mlalke t]J' 11,.t enllitilent m ill; v111
4'hin,. ar,, thn 1 ith 5lpe,':al ,;lry
willn.. Til dairy cow sh ullbt lhe
medill to lar e in size "!til h \(,w
,,mns. i r:,lh,, all llla irilty i gi!t ine.
he st h-+l1hl 1', feluiniile in atlll.tr
aice, havt :ta rathter In ~ l,i
smo oth ;".hn!(Iou rs, .et',tninm t, I:,":;1+. "blt~,,
\vitlh li l 1"i1ts, :irib a i', -iB; ',
Head of Contented Cow.
good dairy cows have a large barrel
and a large capacity udder. The udder
should be attachlled high behind and ex
tend well up toward the belly. The
width of the udder should be as great
as possible. O(ne should look carefully
for the niatnlltary developnlent In the
dairy cow. This consists of large veins,
which extend along the abdomen front
th6 udder towards the front limbs.
The veins should be large, crooked,
,brJneing out, extending well towards
t lt-if tr legs and entering the body
throue large holes called milk wells.
Such t cow should pay her way and
produc the largest amount of milk
from a given quantity of food.
ATTENTION TO CALVING COW
Animal Requires More Care During
Cool Weather Than in Summer
Box Stall Is Urged.
More care is required by the calv
ing cow during the cooler weather
than is needed during the summer
months, says L. S. Gillette, acting head
of the dgtry husbandry department at
Iowa State college. Lack of comfort
able quarters at this period has a di
fect bearing on the milk flow of the
period following.
The main things to be considered
are t:he health and comfort of the
cow and calf, which are closely related.
A large, roomy box stall Is probably
the best place for the cow at this time.
Very light feed is needed and the wa
ter given should not be ice cold.
Assistance should be given the cow
at parturition it necessary and due
precautions taken to prevent her from
retaining her afterbirth. If it is re
tained it may be removed, thereby pre
venting inflammation and other com
plications following calving.
FIGHT AGAINST IMPURE MILK
Only Way to Prevent Use of Dirty
Cans Is by Careful Inspection
by the Creameries.
Death lurks in dirty milk cans
wherever found. If the babies escape
poisoning it is by accident only. The
cheap milk cans are easily indented
when the tin begins to crack, leaving
fissures for milk and water and acid.
Under such conditions, the tin peels
and falls off, and the can quickly be
comes unfit for use. In the picture is
a load of cans, one of whlich has been
in use for 13 years and contained no
Keep Milk Cans Clean.
less than 40 soldered holes, some of
which were covered with lead patches
over two inches in diameter.
The only way to prevent the use of
unsanitary and dangerous millk eans
is by close inspection on the part of
the creameries and condensaries and
city dealers. Cans shuld be exum
ined frequently and all rusty or broken
vessels should be promptly coa*
d,,enna
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TKeir Care and CultivtivioN  -
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Formal Planting of Bulbs-Hyacinths, Tulips and Daffodils a Suggestion for
Your Garden.
BULB CULTURE EASY
By ELIZABETH VAN BENTHUYSEN.
One of the chief delights of the work
of raising bulbous plants is that al
most any n(viice ought to make a suc
cess of the venture without trouble.
There is no particularly intricate de
tall to master and no unusual cndli
tion to face.
One does not need a greenhouse, or
a sun parlor, or yet the south window
to make the bulbs do their duty. In
the ordinary house the flowers will
thrive on precious little care. Of
course if the house, or room, has a
lower temperature than the ordinary
living room heat the plants profit. The
advantage is particularly shown after
the bulbs begin to form tops because
the sturdy growth and longer life of
the individual flower is assured.
In the high temperature the blooms
will come sooner, but they will not last
so long as those that thrive in a tem
perature of from five to ten degrees
less and if they can be kept between
50 and 60 degrees the advantage is still
more marked.
The novice in bulb culture has the
pleasing assurance that he does not
have to feed the plnnts. This is one
reason why good results can be ex
pected without expert knowledge. The
man who grew the bulbs attended to
this detail, for as a matter of fact
the bulbs are only specialized buds,
charged with food for the reproduction
of the plants that they contain in their
elementary form. The novice should
supply the conditions that are favor
able to growth.
These are a notable medium for the
development of roots, such as sand,
moss or soil, a favorable temperature
and, at the beginning, darkness.
The question of fertility need not be
considered. Bulbs will grow even
among charcoal or pebbles if the other
conditions are propitious. The most
important thing is to choose good
bulbs. This, of course, is a matter
largely of confidence in the character
of the dealer who sells them. The
price is no criterion because some of
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The Erinest Wild Chrysanthenwum.
1the low-cost bulbs are just .ºI good
as their higher-priced fel'low:. Thh
best gauge is the weight of the bulb.
The heavier the bulb the more likely
it is to give proper reward for the
pains of handling it.
Ripening of bulbs to be ultimately
placed in garden borders is often
profitable. While bulbs grown in the
greenhouse or in the home (d1 not often
make as good plants the first year
after being forced as the new bulbs
will produce, in another year or two
they will do well in the garden border.
The ripening process consists only
in keeping the plants growing well
after they flower until their leaves be
gin to turn yellow. Then they should
he watered with care, taking pains not
to use too much water. When the
green has disappeared Irom the leaves
the pots should be laid on their sides
in a cool, shady place until the soil
has become as dry as dust. Then the
bulbs should be separated from the
soil, the trash cleared away and you
are ready to store them in a dry, airy
place until autumn, when they may be
planted out of doors. It is useless to
try to grow them in the house a second
time. They will not produce good flow
ers twice in succession.
DON'T HURT THE WORMS
The Chinaman has been noted for
centuries as a careful gardener and
worker of the soil. He gets more
from a little patch of ground than any
other known fleldworker. One of his
maxims is that one should always be
careful in digging never to injure earth
worms.
Maybe the stolid, uncommunicative
Chink knows why he takes care of the
worm; maybe he doesn't. Darwin
and other scientists who thought more
and dug less than the Celestial breth
ren, have told us why the worm is safe
from the Chinese spade.
Worms always indicate rich soil.
They help make it. By forming air
passages in the ground they improve
the earth and make It richer and mere
productive.
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