SOLAR COOKER is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook

or pasteurize food or drink. Many solar cookers presently in use are relatively inexpensive, lowtech devices, although some are as powerful or as expensive as traditional stoves, [1] and
advanced, large-scale solar cookers can cook for hundreds of people. [2
Different kinds of solar cookers use somewhat different methods of cooking, but most follow the
same basic principles.
Food is prepared as if for an oven or stove top. However, because food cooks faster when it is in
smaller pieces, food placed inside a solar cooker is usually cut into smaller pieces than it might
otherwise be.[4] For example, potatoes are usually cut into bite-sized pieces rather than roasted
whole.[5] For very simple cooking, such as melting butter or cheese, a lid may not be needed and
the food may be placed on an uncovered tray or in a bowl. If several foods are to be cooked
separately, then they are placed in different containers.
The container of food is placed inside the solar cooker, which may be elevated on a brick, rock,
metal trivet, or other heat sink, and the solar cooker is placed in direct sunlight. [4] If the solar
cooker is entirely in direct sunlight, then the shadow of the solar cooker will not overlap with the
shadow of any nearby object. Foods that cook quickly may be added to the solar cooker later.
Rice for a mid-day meal might be started early in the morning, with vegetables, cheese, or soup
added to the solar cooker in the middle of the morning. Depending on the size of the solar cooker
and the number and quantity of cooked foods, a family may use one or more solar cookers.
A solar oven is turned towards the sun and left until the food is cooked. Unlike cooking on a stove
or over a fire, which may require more than an hour of constant supervision, food in a solar oven
is generally not stirred or turned over, both because it is unnecessary and because opening the
solar oven allows the trapped heat to escape and thereby slows the cooking process.

Solar

water

heating (SWH)

is the conversion of sunlight into renewable
energy for water heating using a solar thermal collector. Solar water heating systems
comprise various technologies that are used worldwide increasingly.
There are records of solar collectors in the United States dating back to before 1900,
[5]
comprising a black-painted tank mounted on a roof. In 1896 Clarence Kemp of Baltimore, USA
enclosed a tank in a wooden box, thus creating the first 'batch water heater' as they are known
today. Although flat-plate collectors for solar water heating were used in Florida and Southern
California in the 1920s there was a surge of interest in solar heating in North America after 1960,
but especially after the 1973 oil crisis.
See Appendix 1 at the bottom of this article for a number of country-specific statistics on the "Use
of solar water heating worldwide". Wikipedia also has country-specific articles about solar energy
use
(thermal
as
well
as
photovoltaic)
in Australia, Canada, China,Germany, India, Israel, Japan, Portugal, Romania, Spain, the United
Kingdom and the United States.

Israel, Cyprus and Greece are the per capita leaders in the use of solar water heating
systems with over 30%–40% of homes using them.[6]

and the government forbade
heating water between 10 pm and 6 am. [7] Despite the abundance of sunlight in Israel.Flat plate solar systems were perfected and used on a very large scale in Israel. In the
1950s there was a fuel shortage in the new Israeli state. Israel's first commercial
manufacturer of solar water heating. solar
water heaters were used by only 20% of the population by 1967
. Levi Yissar built the first prototype Israeli solar
water heater and in 1953 he launched the NerYah Company.