Groundwater is normally considered a “safe-source” of drinking water as it is usually having a low microbial load that could be consumed without treatment. However, groundwater sources are often vulnerable to contamination, thus lowering their quality. The aim of the study was to examine the water quality in the rural environs of HRBR Layout, Bangalore, India for the presence of enteric bacteria. Twenty random sampling points were selected. The water sample collected from wells of residential homes in the rural environs of HRBR Layout and subjected to physiochemical analysis and bacterial examination. All samples examined showed higher dissolved oxygen values than the limit set by the World Health Organisation [WHO]. The total dissolved solids for the samples ranged from 199.33 ± 2.07 – 819.33 ± 2.01 mg/L while the total suspended solids ranged from 020.67 ± 3.06 – 393.33 ± 5.37 mg/L. According to WHO and Bureau of Indian Standards [BIS] Standards, none of the water samples are safe for drinking based on the MPN index, while according to Central Pollution Control Board [CPCB], the some of the water sample can be utilized (>50 MPN/ 100 ml). The following bacteria were isolated from the water samples: Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Yersinia spp. It is recommended that the water for domestic use in the study area be subjected to on-site treatment interventions to protect the households and the public from using such water.

Yellow pigmented microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Micrococcus luteus, Flavobacterium sp. , Cytophaga sp. , Brevibacterium sp. , Exiguobacterium sp. , Erwinia sp. etc. are capable to produce high amount of Carotenoid. Therefore these natural pigments are a promising alternative source for natural as well as synthetic food grade pigments and have huge potential for applications in foodstuff because of their safety to use, nutritional and medicinal properties, non-toxicity, non-carcinogenicity and biodegradability. The aim of the present was to isolate the yellow pigmented microorganisms from soil, some of which are capable to produce amylase. We have isolated some intracellular yellow pigmented bacteria from different types of soil of Surat,Gujarat. 10 different types of soil samples were collected from which total 24 yellow pigmented bacteria were obtained. Isolates were identified and characterized by various morphological and biochemical tests. All the isolates than were subjected to determine pigment production rate on nutrient agar plates and amylase producing efficiency on starch agar plates. Some isolates are able produce amylase on starch agar plate. It was also found that Micrococcus sp. are diversely present in all types of soil whereas Xanthomonas sp. , Bacillus sp. , Microbacterium sp. And Xanthobacter sp. are mainly present in wet soil and garden soil. Isolate DS2 shows highest carotenoid production which is further used to produce carotenoid in media optimised in pH, temperature and salt concentration. Thus, the current study can be useful step for lab-scale pigment production, purification and its application in various industries as well as large scale amylase production from yellow pigmented organisms.

The production of commercial enzymes, including lipase from bacteria has always been the industrial choice due to its economical and commercial feasibility. Lipases are produced by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. However, we have focused on bacterial microbial lipases were economically importance of several properties. The present studies of the goals of this paper were isolation and identification of lipase producing bacteria from Oil contaminated soil. Screening and isolation of lipase producing strains of bacteria was carried out from different soil samples collected from various area in Surat, Gujarat, India. Tributyrin agar, selective media for isolation of lipase producing bacteria was used. Out of 41 isolates,20 were showing lipolytic activity. Agar well diffusion method used for further screening of best isolate for lipase production. The isolate AD1 with maximum zone of 27mm on Phenol red agar plate produce the lipase with the activity of 4.27U/ml obtained after 96hrs of incubation period at 37°C and 120 rpm at pH 7.0.

The term “endophytes” includes a family of microorganisms that grow intra-and/or intercellularly in the tissues of higher plants without any symptoms on the plants in which they reside. In the present investigation ten medicinal plants were analyzed for the presence of endophytic fungi. A total of 25 fungal species were isolated from healthy leaves and identified based on the morphology of fungal culture and spores. Among them one unidentified isolate was group to mycelia sterilia fungi. Other twenty-four isolates were identified as 11 species belong to Alternaria spp., Trichophyton spp., Geotrichum spp., Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Aureobasidium spp., Fusarium spp., Exserohilum spp., Curvularia spp., Coccidioides spp., Bipolaris spp. by morphological characters.

In Recent year, Microbial L-asparaginase have draw particular attention because of their potential antineoplastic properties and significant application in food industry. Out of 49 isolates 30 were screened as L-asparaginase producers. All the positive isolates likes Ecoli, Aerobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Vibrio, Xanthomonas, Serratia, Staphlococcus, Streptococcus were Identify on the basis of morphological and biochemical characterization. Quantitative estimation was done by zone of hydrolysis method among them maximum zone given species GI3 shows the enzyme activity 18.66 IU/ml. Further this isolate was use to carry different application.

Aim & Scope

BMR Microbiology is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles as well as review articles in all areas of Microbiology.

Fast & Easy Publication

Manuscript will be made on-line immediately on acceptance after fast track review process.

Groundwater is normally considered a “safe-source” of drinking water as it is usually having a low microbial load that could be consumed without treatment. However, groundwater sources are often vulnerable to contamination, thus lowering their quality. The aim of the study was to examine the water quality in the rural environs of HRBR Layout, Bangalore, India for the presence of enteric bacteria. Twenty random sampling points were selected. The water sample collected from wells of residential homes in the rural environs of HRBR Layout and subjected to physiochemical analysis and bacterial examination. All samples examined showed higher dissolved oxygen values than the limit set by the World Health Organisation [WHO]. The total dissolved solids for the samples ranged from 199.33 ± 2.07 – 819.33 ± 2.01 mg/L while the total suspended solids ranged from 020.67 ± 3.06 – 393.33 ± 5.37 mg/L. According to WHO and Bureau of Indian Standards [BIS] Standards, none of the water samples are safe for drinking based on the MPN index, while according to Central Pollution Control Board [CPCB], the some of the water sample can be utilized (>50 MPN/ 100 ml). The following bacteria were isolated from the water samples: Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Yersinia spp. It is recommended that the water for domestic use in the study area be subjected to on-site treatment interventions to protect the households and the public from using such water.

Yellow pigmented microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Micrococcus luteus, Flavobacterium sp. , Cytophaga sp. , Brevibacterium sp. , Exiguobacterium sp. , Erwinia sp. etc. are capable to produce high amount of Carotenoid. Therefore these natural pigments are a promising alternative source for natural as well as synthetic food grade pigments and have huge potential for applications in foodstuff because of their safety to use, nutritional and medicinal properties, non-toxicity, non-carcinogenicity and biodegradability. The aim of the present was to isolate the yellow pigmented microorganisms from soil, some of which are capable to produce amylase. We have isolated some intracellular yellow pigmented bacteria from different types of soil of Surat,Gujarat. 10 different types of soil samples were collected from which total 24 yellow pigmented bacteria were obtained. Isolates were identified and characterized by various morphological and biochemical tests. All the isolates than were subjected to determine pigment production rate on nutrient agar plates and amylase producing efficiency on starch agar plates. Some isolates are able produce amylase on starch agar plate. It was also found that Micrococcus sp. are diversely present in all types of soil whereas Xanthomonas sp. , Bacillus sp. , Microbacterium sp. And Xanthobacter sp. are mainly present in wet soil and garden soil. Isolate DS2 shows highest carotenoid production which is further used to produce carotenoid in media optimised in pH, temperature and salt concentration. Thus, the current study can be useful step for lab-scale pigment production, purification and its application in various industries as well as large scale amylase production from yellow pigmented organisms.

The production of commercial enzymes, including lipase from bacteria has always been the industrial choice due to its economical and commercial feasibility. Lipases are produced by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. However, we have focused on bacterial microbial lipases were economically importance of several properties. The present studies of the goals of this paper were isolation and identification of lipase producing bacteria from Oil contaminated soil. Screening and isolation of lipase producing strains of bacteria was carried out from different soil samples collected from various area in Surat, Gujarat, India. Tributyrin agar, selective media for isolation of lipase producing bacteria was used. Out of 41 isolates,20 were showing lipolytic activity. Agar well diffusion method used for further screening of best isolate for lipase production. The isolate AD1 with maximum zone of 27mm on Phenol red agar plate produce the lipase with the activity of 4.27U/ml obtained after 96hrs of incubation period at 37°C and 120 rpm at pH 7.0.

The term “endophytes” includes a family of microorganisms that grow intra-and/or intercellularly in the tissues of higher plants without any symptoms on the plants in which they reside. In the present investigation ten medicinal plants were analyzed for the presence of endophytic fungi. A total of 25 fungal species were isolated from healthy leaves and identified based on the morphology of fungal culture and spores. Among them one unidentified isolate was group to mycelia sterilia fungi. Other twenty-four isolates were identified as 11 species belong to Alternaria spp., Trichophyton spp., Geotrichum spp., Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Aureobasidium spp., Fusarium spp., Exserohilum spp., Curvularia spp., Coccidioides spp., Bipolaris spp. by morphological characters.

In Recent year, Microbial L-asparaginase have draw particular attention because of their potential antineoplastic properties and significant application in food industry. Out of 49 isolates 30 were screened as L-asparaginase producers. All the positive isolates likes Ecoli, Aerobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Vibrio, Xanthomonas, Serratia, Staphlococcus, Streptococcus were Identify on the basis of morphological and biochemical characterization. Quantitative estimation was done by zone of hydrolysis method among them maximum zone given species GI3 shows the enzyme activity 18.66 IU/ml. Further this isolate was use to carry different application.

The in vitro susceptibilities of bacteria to antibiotic are traditionally tested in media with a neutral pH. However, in a living organism and particularly in humans, the acidity varies a lot from one place to another. The present study aims to evaluate influence of pH in the expression of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility among planktonic-grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® strains. Results show that the pH value affect antimicrobial activity differently, depending upon the strain used. Indeed, P. aeruginosa and E. coli are more susceptible to tetracycline under acidic and neutral pH condition whereas S. aureus is equally susceptible to tetracycline in all tested pH condition. Conversely, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus are more susceptible to erythromycin, kanamycin and gentamycin under neutral and alkaline pH condition. This preliminary study highlights that pH parameter should be considered in evaluation of antimicrobial effectiveness and this is a point that should be considered by antibiotic prescriber in delivering antibiotic prescription.

Biofilms are communities of microorganism enclosed in an extracellular matrix attached to various surfaces. Biofilms and motilities may represent negative impacts in health and industrial sectors, however they also play crucial ecological role. The main objective of this study was to estimate biofilm formation and motilities abilities of three common bacteria under different culture condition (media of growth and pH). Results show that pH variation (from 5 to 8) and composition of media growth (minimum and complex media) have little influence on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. However, biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 is inhibited at pH 5 and 6 in both complex and minimum media. P. aeruginosa swimming, swarming and twitching motilities are not affected by pH variation whereas S. aureus and E. coli are only able to twitch in complex media. This preliminary study demonstrated that pH may influence bacterial behavior formation particularly for P. aeruginosa

The intent of the study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus producing bacteriocin isolated from samples like dairy product (milk, curd), meat (mutton, chicken), sea food (fish, black prawns, white prawns), and alcoholic beverages (red wine, rose wine). The isolation was carried out by using de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar medium. Total 55 isolates were obtained from 12 samples. The isolates from samples were confirmed as Lactobacillus spp. based on their morphological and biochemical characteristics. According to research work, 10 different isolates of Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from samples under study they are Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus alimentarius, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus curvatus, and Lactobacillus farciminis. There has been an explosion of basic and applied research on Lactobacillus spp. bacteriocins, primarily due to their potential application as biopreservatives in food and food products to inhibit the growth of food borne bacterial pathogens. Isolates were subjected to antibacterial activity test using agar well diffusion method. Escherichia coli (MTCC No.118), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC No.737) and Bacillus cereus (MTCC No.1305) were found to be sensitive to bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus spp. whereas, Salmonella typhi (MTCC No.733) was found to be resistant to bacteriocin. Therefore, it has a potential for application as a biopreservative in different food product as such or in combination with other preservation methods.

Purpose A wound is commonly infected because there is loss of integrity of skin. Infected wound delays wound healing due to the lack of defense mechanism, blood supply and lack of oxygen. The present study was focused on the incidence of various pathogens in different types of wound infections and the variations in their antibiotic susceptibility have been analyzed.

Methods A total of 50 samples were collected randomly from wound infected areas like cellulitis, diabetic foot lesions, post-operative wound infections, early stages of necrotizing fasciitis, burn wounds etc. The samples were analyzed by various microbiological techniques like microscopy, culture methods and Biochemical methods. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolates was tested by using Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method.

Results Out of 50 cases, 35 were males and 15 were a female which shows the male preponderance. Wound infection showed a high incidence in the age group of 41-60 which is followed by 21-40. The most predominant bacteria in positive samples are Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 44% which is followed by Staphylococcus aureus 26%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 16%, Proteus mirabilis 8% and Escherichia coli 6%. Nearly 21 major strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly sensitive to Amikacin (95.4%) and 15 strains were sensitive to Amoxycillin/clavulanate (68.1%). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from two cases of necrotizing fasciitis and the fungi Aspergillus niger was isolated from one burn wound infection.

Conclusion The most common organisms isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Staphylococcus aureus which showed sensitivity to Amikacin. The percentage of resistance was high among Penicillin, Cephalexin, Ampicillin, Tetracycline and Erythromycin.

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become one of the well-known etiologic agents for a wide variety of infections in both hospital and community settings. It is also a growing threat to the immunocompromised as well as to the general public. A total of 98 S. aureus isolates from 450 different human clinical specimens comprising pus, nasal swab, blood, urine and sputum were obtained at two tertiary care hospitals of Pokhara; Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH) and Western Regional Hospital (WRH). Those isolates were then screened for meticillin resistance by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique following aseptic procedures in Microbiology laboratory, WRH. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Meticillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and Meticillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were studied by using antibiotic discs like cefoxitin (30mcg), oxacillin (1mcg), vancomycin (30mcg) and gentamicin (10mcg). 72.4% of the isolates were found to be MRSA while 27.6% were MSSA. Among them, very high resistance levels (87.8%) and (74.5%) were detected against oxacillin and cefoxitin while gentamicin and vancomycin recorded the least resistance levels i.e (25.5%) and (5.1%) respectively. High percentage of meticillin resistant isolates and occurence of vancomycin resistance among them which may refer to irrational use of antimicrobial agent, thus, necessitate implementation of good strategies for control of infection and use of antibiotics. Outcome of this study emphasizes the need for constant monitoring on the prevalence of MRSA and to help clinicians/doctors in the effective management and treatment of infections caused by S.aureus.