Mindful education helps kids focus on learning, advocates say

Kindergarten teacher Erica Eihl gets her students to use their senses while doing a meditation exercise at Citizens of the World Mar Vista in Culver City, Calif., on February 11, 2014. Principal Alison Kerr implemented meditation practices four months ago. (Cheryl A. Guerrero/Los Angeles Times/MCT)

LOS ANGELES — Erica Eihl speaks in a voice that her kindergartners can hear only if they are as quiet as the church mice in children’s storybooks.And with a couple of squirrelly exceptions, they stay that quiet for 15 or 20 minutes — a near eternity — as Eihl guides them to use all their senses to consider a piece of apple, with directions such as, “Looking at the apple, look on the outside. Look on the inside. ... Remember, keep it in your palm and just look at it.”When she asks for their input, she gets raised hands and comments such as: “It smells juicy and apple-y” and “I see little tiny white spots.”Mindful eating is just one of the mindful practices at the Citizens of the World charter school in Mar Vista, Calif., with 160 children in kindergarten through second grade.“We are mindful and heartful” is the golden rule at the school, and the children practice mindful meditation in the mornings and after recess, among other times, often with 30 seconds to five minutes of silence — time when they can notice what is happening at the moment without judgment, which is at the heart of mindful meditation.“They’re very receptive to it,” Eihl said. “They’re so emotional at this age. It’s allowing them to have the tools to be expressive” about their emotions and cope with them.Educators are catching on to the benefits of mindful meditation.Indeed, schools in 48 states, and hundreds of schools in California alone, have programs, said Chris McKenna, the program director at Mindful Schools in Emeryville, Calif., which has trained more than 2,000 teachers in mindfulness.“One of the reasons it’s growing is because the kids are under so much pressure now, with the testing culture and the pressure put on them by teachers and parents to be successful,” said Vicki Zakrzewski, the education director at the Greater Good Science Center at University of California-Berkeley, which studies the science behind mindfulness.Mindfulness helps with focus, attention and calming the emotions, she said. Teachers and administrators, she said, see it as a tool that also can boost school performance.“Schools are absolutely paying attention to the benefits of mindfulness,” said Lorraine Hobbs, the director of youth and family programs at the University of California-San Diego’s School of Medicine and Center for Mindfulness. “When we can teach kids to pay attention to this inner landscape,” they can learn kindness and compassion.Mindful meditation came to schools in part as they began to focus on social and emotional aspects of learning, sometimes to cope with bullying and other behavioral problems, Zakrzewski said. “We focus so much on cognitive development, but the science is showing us how important the social and emotional aspects are.”It’s more than just a “nice experience,” said Sharon Salzberg, a meditation teacher and author of the recent book “Real Happiness at Work.” “Just like with adults, stress takes its toll, and we need to take breaks and regroup. And maybe it’s as simple as remembering to breathe.”Hobbs said it’s important for the adults in a school to develop a mindfulness practice. “You can’t teach what you don’t know,” she said.That might look like a daily meditation time, perhaps 20 minutes or so, using directions downloaded onto an iPhone. Or taking part in a group meditation program. And it also means teachers are aware of mindful ideas throughout the day.Several experts likened the current statement of mindfulness to the way people approached yoga a few decades back. These days, “child’s pose” is part of everyday language, but not so long ago yoga was seen as kooky or, worse, some odd religious practice. Like yoga, mindfulness is rooted in contemplative religious practice and like yoga has been secularized and is used as a complementary medical treatment for many conditions, as well as in schools.At Citizens of the World, Principal Alison Kerr says, mindfulness can help equip children for the world they’re growing into by giving them tools to “identify and cope with their own feelings, to be still and attentive to what’s going on around them.”The classrooms have “peace corners,” spots with cushions, chairs, pine cones, shells, books and other items. There are headphones to block out distracting classroom noise. A child can go there to “take five” when they are overwhelmed by their feelings or unable to manage what’s going on in the class.“Mindfulness has been my favorite thing in my whole life,” said one of the students, Alia Briglia, 6. “When I’m mad, sad or frustrated, I go to the peace corner.”

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