The Memorial World Tour was a concert tour by American metal band Slipknot in honor of late bassist Paul Gray who died on May 24, 2010. The tour was the group's first since the All Hope Is Gone World Tour which ended in 2009. The tour consisted mostly of festival dates and a small number of headlining appearances.

Drummer Joey Jordison announced that a live bassist, later confirmed as former Slipknot guitarist Donnie Steele, would fill in for Gray but would not be visible by the audience, instead performing behind Jordison.[4] Vocalist Corey Taylor stated that he was willing to perform the shows for the fans, but at the time was hesitant about recording another Slipknot album in the near future due to the absence of Gray and his involvement with Stone Sour. Taylor doubted the future of Slipknot if the upcoming shows were unsuccessful.[5] Percussionist Shawn Crahan along with Taylor both expressed interest in bringing the tour to the United States. Corey Taylor later confirmed via Twitter that a U.S. leg of the tour was planned.[6]

The band scheduled three headlining shows of their own on the European leg, two shows in Russia and the latter in Berlin, Germany to compensate for the cancellation of the Bulgarian edition of the Sonisphere Festival.[7][8]

On February 8, 2012, it was announced Slipknot would be returning to North America for the Mayhem Festival tour of 2012.[9] Before the first show of the tour, it was reported that guitarist Jim Root would have to sit out multiple dates after his appendix had burst.[10] On July 13, Root recovered and returned to the band.[11]

In the ongoing tour, the band members also wore their red jumpsuits from the self-titled album. Sid, Chris, and Shawn wore their old self-titled masks for the whole show. Corey and Jim wore their self-titled masks for half of the show and wore their All Hope Is Gone masks for the other half. Mick, Joey, and Craig wore their All Hope Is Gone masks for the whole show. An effigy of Paul Gray stood between Craig and Joey's drum kit. The effigy included Paul's self-titled mask, his self-titled jumpsuit and his left-handed bass guitar beside it. For the American leg of the tour, they wore their red Iowa jumpsuits along with some matching to their Iowa masks.

The setlist for the tour is composed mainly of songs from the band's debut album, Slipknot, to coincide with the stage set and apparel used on stage. The majority of the songs performed on the tour were written by or had a significant contribution in the writing process by former bassist Paul Gray.

1.
Slipknot (band)
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Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines, Iowa. The band was founded in September 1995 by percussionist Shawn Crahan, Gray died on May 24,2010, and was replaced from 2011–2014 by former guitarist Donnie Steele. Jordison left the band on December 12,2013, Steele left during the recording sessions for.5, The Gray Chapter. The band is now touring with replacement musicians Alessandro Venturella on bass, Slipknot is well known for its attention-grabbing image, aggressive style of music, and energetic and chaotic live shows. The band rapidly rose to success following the release of their eponymous album in 1999. The 2001 follow-up album, Iowa, although darker in tone, after another long hiatus, Slipknot released its fifth studio album.5, The Gray Chapter, in 2014. The band has released an album titled 9.0, Live, a compilation album titled Antennas to Hell. In 2015, Slipknot headlined the Download Festival in the UK for the third time, in the years before Slipknot formed, a state of shifting band membership existed throughout the metal scene in Des Moines, Iowa. In 1991, the biggest metal band in Des Moines was Atomic Opera, drummer Joey Jordison founded a thrash metal band called Modifidious, playing at a club called Runway. Modifidious opened for Atomic Opera on December 1,1991, at the Runway, Jordison replaced him with local guitarist Craig Jones. Drummer Shawn Crahan formed another Des Moines band called Heads on the Wall, playing funk metal cover songs at clubs, a fourth Des Moines band called Vexx played death metal with Anders Colsefni on drums, Paul Gray on bass, and Josh Brainard on guitar and vocals. Colsefni later took over vocal duties, but Vexx never recorded, during this time, Crahan often went to the Runway on Sundays when the club opened to all ages, where he met other young musicians with whom he could jam. One of the songs recorded was titled Slipknot, another was titled Painface. In 1993, a new band called Inveigh Catharsis formed in Des Moines, with Gray on bass, Brainard on guitar, Jordison jammed occasionally with this group. Brainard eventually left to join Jordison and Jones in Modifidious, participating in demo recordings at the end of 93, during 1994 Modifidious sometimes played the same shows as Crahans Heads on the Wall band. Gray formed a metal band called Body Pit, soon becoming popular in the local scene. Modifidious stopped playing in the wake of death metals increasing pull, Gray failed to get Jordison to join Body Pit, but soon after he recruited local guitar teacher Mick Thomson, the band broke up. In September 1995, Crahan and Gray started a band named the Pale Ones, the lineup was made up of friends who met through the local music scene, including vocalist Colsefni and guitarist Donnie Steele

2.
All Hope Is Gone World Tour
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The All Hope Is Gone World Tour was a concert tour by Slipknot that took place in 2008 and 2009 in support of the groups fourth studio album All Hope Is Gone. The tour consisted of nine legs and took place in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the tour started with the Mayhem Festival 2008. Lawrence Upton acted as the director, Philippe Vachon acted as the tours programmer and lighting co-director. Equipment such as LED units and Martin Atomic 3000 Strobes were used on the rig, and instead of a media server, david Shirt Nicholls was positioned as audio mixer, working with the digital mixing console. Slipknot headlined every performance throughout the tour, sometimes sharing headlining status at festival appearances, the tour consisted of nine legs and 153 shows, beginning on July 9,2008 and finishing on October 31,2009. This was also the last tour with bassist Paul Gray who died on May 24,2010, turntablist Sid Wilson broke both of his heels after jumping from an elevated area of a stage and landing incorrectly. He performed all dates of the tour, in a wheelchair, drummer Joey Jordison suffered a broken ankle, causing four concerts to be cancelled. Towards the end of the leg Fehn left the tour due to a death in his family. Shawn Crahan left the Canadian part of the tour to return home to his family, in early February 2008, Mick Thomson confirmed that Slipknot would be performing at the 2008 Mayhem Festival. Corey Taylor said, This summer we are truly bringing Mayhem, Slipknot is excited to be a part of it, and to be able to bring the new chapter of our history to the masses. We are already working, building and designing a new show, the tour acted as a follow-up to The Subliminal Verses World Tour, which took place in 2004 to promote their third studio album Vol.3. The band began recording their studio album All Hope Is Gone in late February 2008. Lawrence Upton acted as the director, and Philippe Vachon acted as the tours programmer. Vachon said Upton wanted very aggressive lighting that would attack and have punch, up-stage provided the gear package, which included 10 Martin Professional MAC Profiles and 54 Martin Mac 2000 Wash units. Assistant lighting designer Dave Watson explained that the Martin Professional MAC Profiles were used as key lights, issues arose during the tour, specifically times when members were barely visible due to the lighting. Vachon said, There is so much show in your face that we would lose the guys on stage, the rig consisted of a Front of House truss, two three-quarter angled trusses, and two straight mid-stage trusses. These were all located up-stage, and had two sub-hung trusses directly below them, There were two Lycian Starklite medium-throw truss spots, and an accumulation of specialty lights. The specialty lights included 54 two-light Molefays, six PAR36 rotating beacons,24 Martin Atomic 300 Strobes,2 six-light Molefays, the rig also had LED units, which can be very bright, and which shone into the audience

3.
Knotfest
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Knotfest is a music festival created by American metal band Slipknot. The inaugural Knotfest was a two-city event and took place on August 17,2012 in Council Bluffs, Iowa and August 18,2012 in Somerset, amongst the line up were bands such as Deftones, Lamb of God, Cannibal Corpse, and many more. On March 24,2014, it was officially announced Knotfest Japan will be held in November 15 and 16 at Makuhari Messe, headliners of both dates are Slipknot. Korn, Limp Bizkit, Lamb of God, Five Finger Death Punch, Papa Roach, Bring Me the Horizon, Trivium and In Flames were announced to perform. On the first date of the Mayhem Festival 2014, Knotfest 2014 was announced, with it being held at the San Manuel Amphitheater in San Bernardino, California, on October 24–26. Knotfest 2015 will be once again at San Manuel amphitheater in San Bernardino. The two shows also debuted a Slipknot museum and its all about having fun and going crazy, bringing it to the standard it used to be, Slipknots Shawn Clown Crahan tells Rolling Stone. Slipknot, of course, is about a whole aesthetic, not just the music, when everyone leaves their senses overloaded, and Im talking about smells, sights, hearing, your body, everything is overloaded with stimulation, because thats what Slipknot does, Crahan says. On July 11, Slipknot announced that their performance at Knotfest would be broadcast via a pay-per-view streaming website. Shawn Clown Crahan said It means everything for everyone to see the live spectacle were creating in the flesh, weve now made it possible for you to be there in spirit - so join us live on August 18. Corey Taylor said on his Twitter Dont worry, UK, this wont be the last Knotfest and this suggests there will be more Knotfests in the future, including in the UK

4.
Concert
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A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience. A recital is a concert by a soloist or small group which follows a program, a recitalist is a musician who gives frequent recitals. The invention of the piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt. The performance may be by a musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a musical ensemble, such as an orchestra, choir. Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called arena concerts or amphitheatre concerts, informal names for a concert include show and gig. Regardless of the venue, musicians perform on a stage. Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment, before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play. The nature of a concert varies by musical genre, individual performers, concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress. In a similar way, a musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle. For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had hair, sandals. Regular attendees to a concert venue might also have a style that comprises that venues scene. Other Types of concerts, To plan or arrange by mutual agreement, some performers or groups put on very elaborate and expensive shows. To create a memorable and exciting atmosphere and increase the spectacle, some singers, especially popular music, augment concert sound with pre-recorded accompaniment, back-up dancers, and even broadcast vocal tracks of the singers own voice. Activities during these concerts can include dancing, sing-alongs, and moshing, concerts involving a greater number of artists, especially those that last for multiple days, are known as festivals. Unlike other concerts, which remain in a single genre of music or work of a particular artist, festivals often cover a broad scope of music. Due to their size, festivals are almost exclusively held outdoors, new platforms for festivals are becoming increasingly popular such as Jam Cruise, which is a festival held on a cruise ship, as well as Mayan Holidaze, which is a destination festival held in Tulum. Often concert tours are named, to differentiate different tours by the same artist, different segments of longer concert tours are known as legs. In the largest concert tours it is becoming common for different legs to employ separate touring production crews and equipment

5.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end

6.
Paul Gray (American musician)
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Paul Dedrick Gray was born in Los Angeles, California. Later his family relocated to Des Moines, Iowa and he played guitar but switched to bass after he relocated to Iowa. In his youth, Gray performed in such as Anal Blast, Vexx, Body Pit, The Have Nots. In June 2003, Gray crashed his car into another vehicle, after police were called to the scene and searched his car, Gray was arrested for possession of marijuana, cocaine and drug paraphernalia, as well as failure to obey a traffic signal. He was one of the two members not born in Iowa, in 2010, Slipknot released the Download 2009 performance on DVD in memory of Gray. An award was named after Paul titled Paul Gray, Best Bassist of the Year, Slipknot presented the award to Nikki Sixx, of Mötley Crüe and Sixx A. M. On May 24,2010, The Des Moines Register reported that Gray had been dead in room 431 at the TownePlace Suites Hotel in Johnston. In a 911-call, obtained by TMZ, one of the hotels proprietors said that a needle was found next to Grays bed. An initial autopsy determined no foul play or trauma was involved. He is survived by his wife Brenna and their daughter October, on June 21,2010, autopsy results were released that stated Gray had died of an overdose of morphine, and had also shown signs of significant heart disease. On the day after Grays death, May 25,2010 and they did not take any questions from the media. The band, as well as Grays brother, Tony, and wife, Brenna and he was kind of the person in the band that really wanted everybody in the band to always get along and just concentrate on the band. He was a great friend and just a great person. Hes going to be missed, and the world is going to be a different place without him. A private funeral was held on May 28,2010, Paul Gray was buried at the Highland Memory Gardens Cemetery in Des Moines, Iowa. On November 8,2010, items that decorated Grays grave, including a Buddha statue, the band responded to this event with a post on their MySpace and Facebook page, asking the robbers to return the stolen items and appealing for information from the public. On July 30, Paul Gray was posthumously awarded the Kerrang, services to Metal award, it was collected by his Slipknot bandmate Corey Taylor on his behalf. Slipknots former guitarist Donnie Steele filled in on guitar for Gray on Slipknots 2011 Summer tour

7.
Sonisphere Festival
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The Sonisphere Festival is a touring rock music festival which takes place across Europe between June and August. The festival is owned by John Jackson and Kilimanjaro Live and it is jointly promoted by K2 and Kilimanjaro Live. It has hosted heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, Metallica, Mötley Crüe, Slayer, Judas Priest. The idea for Sonisphere was first conceived by John Jackson in the late 90s, John chose the name Sonisphere, from a combination of Sonic and Sphere. In 2008 Stuart Galbraith had formed business partnership with AEG Live called Kilimanjaro Live, John Jackson approached Stuart Galbraith with the idea of a Pan-World touring festival which fit in with plans Kilimanjaro Live had to launch a UK festival. John Jackson is the Creator and Director of Sonisphere and Galbriath the Producer, the first run of festivals ran throughout the summer of 2009 at six venues, returning in 2010 and 2011 with 11 venues. The 2009 Sonisphere festival tour was made up of six one-day festivals across Europe with a festival in England spanning two days. The festival had a group of bands that played each of the six dates with numerous extra bands added to each date individually. Metallica were the headliners for each of the 2009 Sonisphere Festivals. The Dutch edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place on Saturday June 20,2009 at Goffert Park, Mastodon could not make it to Sonisphere due to scheduling issues. This was announced at Sonisphere itself, although some heard the news whilst traveling, the Sword cancelled their show a few days before Sonisphere began. The German edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place on Saturday July 4,2009 at Hockenheimring with Metallica as headliners, the Spanish edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place on Saturday, July 11,2009 at The Forum, Barcelona with headliners Metallica. The other bands performing on the stage were, Slipknot, Machine Head, Lamb of God. Mastodon, Down, Gojira and The Eyes, played on a second stage, away from the main stage, facing the sea. The Swedish edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place on Saturday July 18,2009 at Folkets Park, the Finnish edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place on Saturday July 25,2009 at Kirjurinluoto Arena, Pori with Metallica as headliners. Machine Head were forced to cut their set short, due to lead guitarist Phil Demmel collapsing on stage. The British edition of the Sonisphere Festival took place two days on Saturday, August 1 and Sunday, August 2,2009, at Knebworth House, Knebworth with headliners Linkin Park. The festival featured four stages of music over the weekend, with the two being staggered staging, the others being within the Bohemia village

8.
Iron Maiden
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Iron Maiden are a British heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. The bands discography has grown to thirty-eight albums, including sixteen studio albums, eleven albums, four EPs. Pioneers of the new wave of British heavy metal, Iron Maiden achieved initial success during the early 1980s,1 in 28 countries and receiving widespread critical acclaim. Their sixteenth studio album, The Book of Souls, was released on 4 September 2015 to similar success, the band won the Ivor Novello Award for international achievement in 2002. As of October 2013, the band have played over 2000 live shows throughout their career. For the past 35 years, the band have been supported by their famous mascot, Eddie, Iron Maiden were formed on Christmas Day in 1975 by bassist Steve Harris shortly after he left his previous group, Smiler. Harris attributes the name to a film adaptation of The Man in the Iron Mask from the novel by Alexandre Dumas. After months of rehearsal, Iron Maiden made their debut at St. Nicks Hall in Poplar on 1 May 1976, before taking up a semi-residency at the Cart and Horses Pub in Maryland Point, Stratford. The original line-up did not last very long, however, with vocalist Paul Day being the first casualty as, according to Harris and he was replaced by Dennis Wilcock, a Kiss fan who used make-up and fake blood during live performances. Wilcocks friend Dave Murray was invited to join, to the dismay of the bands guitarists Dave Sullivan and their frustration led Harris to temporarily disband Iron Maiden in 1976, though the group reformed soon after with Murray as the sole guitarist. Steve Harris and Dave Murray remain the bands longest-standing members and have performed on all of their releases, Iron Maiden recruited yet another guitarist in 1977, Bob Sawyer, who was sacked for embarrassing the band on stage by pretending to play guitar with his teeth. Tension ensued again, causing a rift between Murray and Wilcock, who convinced Harris to fire Murray, as well as original drummer Ron Matthews. A new line-up was put together, including future Cutting Crew member Tony Moore on keyboards, Terry Wapram on guitar, and drummer Barry Purkis. A bad performance at the Bridgehouse, a pub located in Canning Town, in November 1977 was the line-ups first and only concert, at the same time, Moore was asked to leave as Harris decided that keyboards did not suit the bands sound. A few months later, Dennis Wilcock decided that he had had enough with the group and left to form his own band, V1, as he preferred to be the bands sole guitarist, Wapram disapproved of Murrays return and was also dismissed. Steve Harris, Dave Murray and Doug Sampson spent the summer, a chance meeting at the Red Lion pub in Leytonstone in November 1978 evolved into a successful audition for vocalist Paul DiAnno. Steve Harris has stated, Theres sort of a quality in Pauls voice, a raspiness in his voice, or whatever you want to call it, that just gave it this great edge. At this time, Murray would typically act as their sole guitarist, with Harris commenting, the plan was always to get a second guitarist in, but finding one that could match Davey was really difficult

9.
Graspop Metal Meeting
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} Graspop Metal Meeting is an annual metal festival in Dessel, Belgium that has taken place each year since 1996. Despite the small size of the grounds the festival draws a large number of international spectators. Graspop was not originally a metal festival, rather, it was conceived as a local family Rock festival. In 1995, the headliners billed were Joe Cocker and Simple Minds, however, due to the public being oversaturated with family festivals, the number of visitors had dropped to an all-time low. Founder Peter Van Geel realized that mainstream rock music held insufficient appeal to festival visitors, reflecting on the most memorable acts of the preceding years and on his own musical preferences, he decided in favour of a drastic reorientation. After discussions with Werchter festival promoter Herman Schueremans, Van Geel contacted Bob Schoenmaekers, a couple of years earlier, Schoenmaekers had set up his Midsummer Metal Meeting in Vosselaar and because of space limits, he was considering an open-air festival. The initial contact soon led to close collaboration, the duo decided to launch a brand-new metal festival under the name of Graspop Metal Meeting. The date of choice was to be the last weekend of June, the new direction proved to be a successful one. The festival has seen a rising number of visitors over the years. Since the festivals inception in 1996, Iron Maiden has been the most frequent headliner with 8 appearances. Other bands which have prominently been featured are My Dying Bride, Saxon, Slayer, Moonspell, Motörhead, Cradle Of Filth, Within Temptation, Slipknot, Arch Enemy and Behemoth. The current stages are, Main Stage 1 &2, The two main stages, host important bands and headlining acts, before 2014, there was only one main stage. Marquee, A tent stage, which hosts mostly thrash metal, death metal, Metal Dome, Host more intimist bands and local acts. Jupiler Stage, First held in 2014, it is a open air stage. The festival is located in Kastelsedijk, in Dessel and is situated about 60 km away from Antwerp,99 km from Brussels and 35 km from Eindhoven in the Netherlands, Dessel is a municipality with 9103 inhabitants in the province of Antwerp in Belgium. The 27.03 km ² comprehensive community lies in the Flemish Region, also known as Flanders, the distance to the neighboring country, the Netherlands, is less than 10 km. The largest part of the economy of Dessel is determined by different regions of the power industry. Dessel is the town of Hesse-Lichtenau

10.
Rock in Rio
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Rock in Rio is a recurring music festival originating in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It later branched into other locations such as Lisbon, Madrid, the seventh Brazilian edition will happen from September 15 to 24,2017. In 2011, Rock in Rio returned to its location, Rio de Janeiro, with a new line-up of singers. The first edition of the festival was held from January 11–20,1985, Queen, George Benson, Rod Stewart, AC/DC and Yes were the headliners, each occupying top spot for two nights. About 1.4 million people attended the 10-day-long festival. Rock in Rio in numbers The City of Rock, which was built for the festival, covered an area of 250,000 m²1,600,000 liters of beverages were served, using 4 million plastic cups. McDonalds sold 58,000 hamburgers in a day, which was a Guinness World Record until the fourth edition in 2011. The full list of artists who performed at Rock in Rio, Both Queen shows were filmed and broadcast throughout Brazil by Globo. Each show was watched by nearly 200 million people in over 60 countries and in front of 350 and it was later broadcast in the United States on MTV as Queen, Live in Rio. Iron Maiden was the only act to play just one concert at the festival, due to other bookings. During the song Revelations, lead singer Bruce Dickinson hit himself accidentally with a guitar, Dickinson continued to sing in spite of heavy bleeding. They performed in front of a crowd of 350,000 people too, the Go-Gos broke up after their two Rock in Rio performances, though they would later reunite in the 1990s. The two Rock in Rio shows were the debut and swansong for short-tenured Go-Gos member Paula Jean Brown, chris Frantz and Tina Weymouth, at the time Talking Heads drummer and bass player, respectively, took part at the B-52s concerts. They joined the band from the song on and played along with them for the remainder of the performance. The January 20 appearance of the B-52s would turn out to be their last with guitarist Ricky Wilson, initially, Def Leppard was scheduled to play at the festival. However, they dropped out two months before the event, due to delays on the recording process of the album Hysteria. Eleven days before the date Def Leppard would have played at the festival, the second edition was held from January 18–27,1991 at the Maracanã stadium. Headliners were Guns N Roses, Prince and George Michael, each being top billed for two of the nine nights

11.
Metallica
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Metallica is an American heavy metal band based in San Rafael, California. The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles when vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield responded to an advertisement posted by drummer Lars Ulrich in a local newspaper, Metallicas current line-up comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo. Guitarist Dave Mustaine and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band, the bands fast tempos, instrumentals, and aggressive musicianship placed them as one of the founding big four bands of thrash metal, alongside Anthrax, Megadeth, and Slayer. The band expanded its musical direction and achieved commercial success with its eponymous fifth album Metallica. The album was also their first to debut at number one on the Billboard 200, in 2000, Metallica joined with other artists who filed a lawsuit against Napster for sharing the bands copyright-protected material without consent from the band. A settlement was reached and Napster became a pay-to-use service, the band returned to its original musical style with the release of Death Magnetic, and in 2009, Metallica was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Metallica has released ten albums, four live albums, five extended plays,26 music videos. The band has won eight Grammy Awards and six of its albums have debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. The bands eponymous 1991 album has sold over 16 million copies in the United States, Metallica ranks as one of the most commercially successful bands of all time, having sold over 110 million records worldwide. Metallica has been listed as one of the greatest artists of all time by many magazines, including Rolling Stone, in 2012, Metallica formed the independent record label Blackened Recordings and took full ownership of its albums and videos. The band is currently promoting Hardwired. to Self-Destruct, which was released on November 18,2016, guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement. Although he had not formed a band, Ulrich asked Metal Blade Records founder Brian Slagel if he could record a song for the upcoming compilation album Metal Massacre. Slagel accepted and Ulrich recruited Hetfield to sing and play rhythm guitar, the band was officially formed in October 1981, five months after Ulrich and Hetfield first met. Ulrich talked to his friend Ron Quintana, who was brainstorming names for a fanzine, Quintana had proposed the names MetalMania and Metallica. A second advertisement was placed in The Recycler for a position as lead guitarist, Dave Mustaine answered, Ulrich and Hetfield recruited him after seeing his expensive guitar equipment. In early 1982, Metallica recorded its first original song Hit the Lights for the Metal Massacre I compilation, Hetfield played bass on the song and Lloyd Grant was credited with a guitar solo. Metal Massacre I was released on June 14,1982, early pressings listed the band incorrectly as Mettallica, the bands first taste of live success came early, they were chosen to open for British heavy metal band Saxon at one gig of their 1982 US tour. Metallica recorded its first demo, Power Metal, an inspired by Quintanas early business cards in early 1982

12.
Sepultura
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Sepultura is a Brazilian heavy metal band from Belo Horizonte. Sepultura has had changes in its lineup since its formation, with Max and Igor Cavalera departing in 1996 and 2006. Sepulturas current lineup consists of vocalist Derrick Green, guitarist Andreas Kisser, bassist Paulo Jr. since Igor Cavaleras departure in 2006, there have been no original members left in the band. Paulo Jr. who has been a member of Sepultura since 1985, is the member to appear on every release. Kisser, who replaced Jairo Guedz in 1987, has played on all of the studio albums. Sepultura has released fourteen studio albums to date, the latest being Machine Messiah and their most successful records are Arise, Chaos A. D. and Roots. Sepultura was formed in 1984 in Belo Horizonte, the city of Minas Gerais. Gracilianos death deeply affected his sons, inspiring them to form a band after Max heard the album Black Sabbath Vol.4 the very same day. They chose the band name Sepultura, the Portuguese word for grave and they would travel to a record shop in São Paulo that mixed tapes of the latest records by American bands. Their listening habits changed dramatically after being introduced to Venom, as Igor Cavalera put it, The Cavalera brothers started listening to bands such as Hellhammer/Celtic Frost, Kreator, Sodom, Megadeth, Exodus and Exciter. They also had influences on Brazilian metal from bands like Stress, Sagrado Inferno, by 1984, they had dropped out of school. After his departure, Max took over the vocal duties, Jairo Guedes was invited to join the band as lead guitarist. After about a year of performing, Sepultura signed to Cogumelo Records in 1985, later that year, they released Bestial Devastation, a shared EP with fellow Brazilian band Overdose. It was self-produced and recorded in just two days, the band recorded their first full-length album, Morbid Visions, in August 1986. It contained their first hit, Troops of Doom, which gained media attention. The band then decided to relocate to the city of São Paulo. In early 1987, Jairo Guedes quit the band, Guedes was replaced by São Paulo-based guitarist Andreas Kisser, and they released their second studio album, Schizophrenia, in 1987. The album reflected a change towards a more thrash metal-oriented sound

13.
Joey Jordison
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Jordison played in Slipknot since their formation in 1995 until his departure from the band in December 2013. He was the drummer and founder of the American heavy metal band Scar the Martyr which formed in 2013 and he grew up in Waukee, Iowa with his parents and two sisters, and was given his first drum kit at the age of 8. He performed in bands until joining in the summer of 1995 with the group The Pale Ones. Of Slipknots nine-member lineup which lasted from 1999–2010, Joey was the third to join the band, with Slipknot, Jordison performed on four studio albums, and produced the live album 9.0, Live. Outside his major projects, Jordison has performed with heavy metal groups such as Rob Zombie, Metallica, Korn, Ministry, Otep. Jordison is also known for his work which includes performances on many albums for many different artists. Jordison uses several drum brands including Pearl and ddrum and he currently plays with the bands VIMIC and Sinsaenum. Jordison was born at Mercy Hospital in Des Moines, Iowa on April 26,1975 and he grew up in a rural area outside of Waukee. He embraced music at an age, which he attributes to the influence of his parefront of the radio. He played guitar until receiving his first drum kit as a gift from his parents at age eight, at a young age, Jordisons parents divorced, he and his two younger sisters stayed with their mother. His mother remarried and set up a funeral parlor where Jordison would occasionally help, Jordison has stated that he felt a sudden responsibility to be the man of the house. It was during this time that he formed the band Modifidious and he later described them as total speed-metal thrash. The band helped Jordison break new ground, playing for crowds in support of local bands including Atomic Opera, which featured Jim Root, and Heads on the Wall. After a multitude of changes including the presence of Craig Jones. He cites Keith Moon, John Bonham, Peter Criss, Gene Krupa, after leaving school, Jordison was hired by a local music store called Musicland. In March 1994, after a recommendation from his new friend, Jordison worked the night shift, which he preferred, as it left his weekends free and allowed him to spend time with his friends and listen to music while working. In early 1995, Modifidious disbanded because of a shift in interest from thrash metal to metal in America. Following this Jordison joined a band called The Rejects as a guitarist

14.
Corey Taylor
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Taylor joined Slipknot in 1997 to replace their original vocalist, Anders Colsefni. He has released five albums with them. He has worked with bands, including Junk Beer Kidnap Band, Korn, Disturbed, Apocalyptica, Anthrax, Aaron Lewis of Staind. Taylor was ranked at number 86 in Hit Paraders Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time and he was beaten only by Mike Patton. Corey Todd Taylor was born in Des Moines, Iowa on December 8,1973, Taylor was mostly raised by his mother in Waterloo, Iowa, a place described by Taylor as a hole in the ground with buildings around it. He is of German and Native American background from his fathers side and Irish, Taylor was raised by his single mother. He developed a fond feeling toward rock n roll after his grandmother introduced him to Elvis Presley, in 1979, Taylor and his mother saw the science fiction series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century. Before the series, there was a trailer for the 1978 horror film Halloween, Taylor said this developed some sense of Slipknot in. He especially found some songs like Teddy Bear, In the Ghetto, Taylor also began listening to Black Sabbath at a young age, beginning with their early work. Taylor, along with his mother and sister, lived at one point in an old dilapidated farmhouse, by age fifteen, Taylor had developed a drug addiction and had overdosed on cocaine twice. By this time, Taylor was living in Waterloo, Iowa and she took legal custody of him and helped him buy musical equipment. When Taylor was eighteen, he left his grandmothers home and went to places, Des Moines being a place to which he frequently returned. At age 17, when Taylor was living with his grandmother, Taylors ex-girlfriends mother drove him to the hospital in Des Moines and doctors were able to resuscitate him. He describes this as the lowest point in his life, Taylor and his father first met when Taylor was 30 years old, and now have a relationship, although he said their paths do not cross that often. On September 17,2002, Taylors then-fiancée, Scarlett, gave birth to their son Griffin Parker, Taylor also has a daughter named Angeline from an earlier relationship. Taylor and Scarlett married on March 11,2004, and divorced three years later, Taylor has also had alcohol abuse problems, which his wife, Scarlett, helped him through as well as keeping him from committing suicide. In 2006, Taylor told MTV that he had attempted to jump off a balcony of the floor of the Hyatt on Sunset Boulevard in 2003. This was later recanted by Taylor in an interview with Kerrang, radio and stated that it was, in fact, his friend Thom Hazaert who stopped him from jumping

15.
Stone Sour
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Stone Sour is an American alternative metal band formed in Des Moines, Iowa in 1992, performing for five years, before disbanding in 1997. They reunited in 2000 and since 2006, the group has consisted of Corey Taylor, Josh Rand, longtime members Joel Ekman, Shawn Economaki, and Jim Root left the group in 2006,2011, and 2014 respectively. To date, Stone Sour have released five studio albums Stone Sour, Come What May, Audio Secrecy, House of Gold & Bones – Part 1 and they also released a digital live album, Live in Moscow, in 2007. Their upcoming album, Hydrograd, releases in 2017 and it is their first album to feature guitarist Christian Martucci and bassist Johnny Chow since each joining the band in 2014. Stone Sour earned the group two Grammy Award nominations, both for Best Metal Performance, for the singles Get Inside, in 2003, and Inhale, the album went on to become RIAA certified Gold. In 2006, following the release of Come What May, the group received another Grammy Award nomination for Best Metal Performance for the single 30/30-150, Stone Sour was founded by Corey Taylor, who eventually became the vocalist of Slipknot, and former drummer Joel Ekman. Taylors longtime friend Shawn Economaki joined shortly after, and filled in as the bass player, during these formative years, Stone Sour recorded two demo tapes, in 1993 and 1994. Shortly after, in 1995, Jim Root, who is now part of Slipknot with Taylor, the group was complete, and in 1996, it recorded another demo tape, songs from which would later be used in 2002 on their self-titled debut album, Stone Sour. The band was named after a drink that consists of one part whiskey, one part orange juice. In 1997, the band went on hiatus, during which Taylor and Root spent most of their time with Slipknot, Root actually did not join the band until over a year after Taylor, and Economaki went on to become Stage left guitar tech. After Josh Rand joined the band, the recorded their debut self-titled album in Cedar Falls. Upon release, the album charted at number 46 on the Billboard 200. The song Bother, which was featured on the Spider-Man soundtrack, the next single, Inhale, peaked at 18 on the Mainstream Rock chart. The group received two Grammy Award nominations for Best Metal Performance for the singles Get Inside and Inhale in 2003 and 2004 respectively, the album went on to achieve Gold certification. The band toured for six months with label mates Sinch and Chevelle before going on a hiatus as Taylor and Root went back to join Slipknot for another album. The band came back in 2006 to release their second studio album and they parted ways with drummer Joel Ekman, currently drumming for Isaac James, who left to take care of his cancer-stricken son, and later recruited current drummer, Roy Mayorga. The track 30/30-150 was recorded with Godsmack drummer Shannon Larkin, the album was released on August 1,2006. It was met with reviews from critics, and sold 80,000 copies in the first week

16.
Shawn Crahan
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Michael Shawn Crahan, more commonly known by his stage persona Clown, is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, director and photographer. He is best known as one of the two percussionists and co-founder of the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Slipknot. When performing with Slipknot, he is known by his number 6. Crahan is the remaining founding member in Slipknot. Crahan is the oldest member of Slipknot, and has been responsible for the bands success with his extensive involvement in Slipknots media production. He is the director behind Slipknots music videos, outside Slipknot, Crahan had two side project bands called To My Surprise and Dirty Little Rabbits, both of which have split. He also directed the film, Officer Downe, Crahan was born in Des Moines, Iowa in 1969. Crahans first band was Modifidius, which he was a member with former Slipknot member Joey Jordison and he also once performed in bands such as Heads on the Wall and One Cup of Fat before forming The Pale Ones, which would later become known as Slipknot. Crahan married his wife Chantel in June 1992, in Des Moines and they now have four children, Alexandria, Gage, Gabrielle, and Simon. Crahan is also a filmographer and photographer, having published a Slipknot photo album The Apocalyptic Nightmare in 2012, in 2012, he also made his debut acting appearance in the film The Devils Carnival. He is a smoker and has been willing to break the law to smoke inside venues along with members of Slipknot. He is also a collector of baseball cards, in June 2016, Crahan made his directing debut with the film Officer Downe based on the graphic novel Officer Downe written by Joe Casey and Chris Burnham. Casey wrote the script and Skip Williamson and Mark Neveldine produced the film, Shawn Clown Crahan also directed the Music Video for the song A-M-E-R-I-C-A, by Motionless In White and We Are by Hollywood Undead. In 1993, Crahan formed a band known as The Pale Ones with fellow musician Paul Gray. Wanting to expand the bands percussion section, Crahan brought in Joey Jordison to fill in as drummer while Crahans efforts were focused on custom percussion, the vocalist playing a second percussion kit gave the band their layered, particularly intense drum sound. In 1996, they released a song known as Slipknot, and through Joeys suggestion and this album would later become known to the band as their demo. Crahan felt that the original vocalist for Slipknot was too guttural and he brought in Corey Taylor from another local band called Stone Sour, whose vocals were more melodic. In a 2012 interview with Loudwire, Crahan explained how the numbers were assigned

17.
Berlin, Germany
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Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million, Berlin is the second most populous city proper, due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers. Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world, following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all-Germany. Berlin is a city of culture, politics, media. Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, research facilities, media corporations. Berlin serves as a hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. The metropolis is a popular tourist destination, significant industries also include IT, pharmaceuticals, biomedical engineering, clean tech, biotechnology, construction and electronics. Modern Berlin is home to world renowned universities, orchestras, museums and its urban setting has made it a sought-after location for international film productions. The city is known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts. Since 2000 Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene, the name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of todays Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl-. All German place names ending on -ow, -itz and -in, since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Bär, a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. It is therefore a canting arm, the first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920, the central part of Berlin can be traced back to two towns. Cölln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document,1237 is considered the founding date of the city. The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the right on the two important trade routes Via Imperii and from Bruges to Novgorod. In 1307, they formed an alliance with a common external policy, in 1415 Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. In 1443 Frederick II Irontooth started the construction of a new palace in the twin city Berlin-Cölln

18.
Mayhem Festival
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The Mayhem Festival was a touring heavy metal festival that took place during the summer. The inaugural season took place in 2008, the festival has become an annual event across the United States. Most years also include a date in either Montreal or Toronto. The tour has been sponsored by the Rockstar Energy Company since the time of its inception and it was assembled by Vans Warped Tour founder Kevin Lyman, and by John Reese. On August 2,2015, Reese confirmed that the 2015 festival would be the last one, all of the touring groups that participate can be classified as hard rock, and most are considered metal. On a nearly annual basis, big-name guests are brought onto the tour as temporary replacements for the main acts who are forced to cancel a few dates. The first such occurrence was in 2009, when Mushroomhead performed instead of Bullet for My Valentine for three tour dates while they appeared at the European festival Wacken Open Air. In 2010, Avenged Sevenfold was added as a performer for two dates only, one of which was on the release date of their fifth album Nightmare. In 2011, Dethklok filled in for Megadeth on the festivals first day, the festival has featured three separate stages each year since the time of its inception, the Main Stage, the Jägermeister Stage, and the third stage that has gone through sponsorship changes. It was known as the Hot Topic Stage from 2008-2009, silver Star briefly replaced the Hot Topic sponsorship in 2010, while Revolver sponsored the stage for 2011. A large selection of Battle of the Bands winners are chosen to open the Jägermeister Stage upon the various dates each year, each year the festival has the Metal Mulisha as a side attraction for the fans to watch. Most bands that participate on the tour have a public meet-and-greet at scheduled times throughout the day, Rockstar Energy Drink, the festivals most prominent sponsor, allows fans to enjoy numerous free samples of its new products every year. Ozzfest Uproar Festival Sounds of the Underground Official website

19.
Jim Root
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Root began performing with the thrash metal band Atomic Opera from Iowa in the early 1990s, not to be confused with the hard rock band Atomic Opera from Houston, Texas. Prior to joining Slipknot, he worked as a screenprinter, waiter, despite this, the song has become a staple for most of the bands live performances. Slipknot vocalist Corey Taylor invited Root to join the band based on Taylors past experiences working with him in Stone Sour.5 The Gray Chapter, of Slipknots nine member lineup which lasted between 1999 to 2010, Root was the last to join the band. Root typically performed lead guitar in Stone Sour, although he played rhythm. He has spoken of both bands guitar style as being twin guitar, In both bands, I fulfill both roles, in Slipknot, Mick has some solos, and in Stone Sour, Josh has some solos. During the recording of Stone Sours Audio Secrecy, he and Rand recorded their parts simultaneously and he also appeared on Jonathan Davis and the SFA´s cover of Lil Wayne´s Got Money. On 17 May 2014, Stone Sour released a statement saying that Root was no longer a member of the band. Moments before their statement, Root told a fan on Instagram of his departure, in interviews, Root accused the band of being financially motivated and pursuing a more commercial musical direction, but also observed that he wasnt really happy in that band anymore. Corey Taylor noted that the split initially put a strain on his and Roots relationship, in July 2007, Fender released the Jim Root Telecaster. In a 2009 performance for Eurockeennes, Jim used a Gibson Flying V, in January 2010, a Jim Root Signature Fender Stratocaster was unveiled on the Fender website, similar to the one he has been seen using on stage, as of March 2009. In 2012, Orange announced a new signature Tiny Terror amp based on their Rockerverb 100, Roots main amp, then, the Squier Telecaster signature model was released, similar to the first Fender Telecaster Jim Root signature. The white model comes with a black pickguard and the model comes with a white pickguard. Both Squiers have a neck and rosewood fretboard. Jims signature Squiers do not contain EMG81 and EMG60, the Fender Jim Root Jazzmaster was unveiled at NAMM2014. It has the same specs as the Jim Root Stratocaster and it only comes in flat black with an ebony fretboard

20.
Athens
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Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece. In modern times, Athens is a cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime. In 2015, Athens was ranked the worlds 29th richest city by purchasing power, Athens is recognised as a global city because of its location and its importance in shipping, finance, commerce, media, entertainment, arts, international trade, culture, education and tourism. It is one of the biggest economic centres in southeastern Europe, with a financial sector. The municipality of Athens had a population of 664,046 within its limits. The urban area of Athens extends beyond its administrative city limits. According to Eurostat in 2011, the Functional urban areas of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union, Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland. The city also retains Roman and Byzantine monuments, as well as a number of Ottoman monuments. Athens is home to two UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Acropolis of Athens and the medieval Daphni Monastery, Athens was the host city of the first modern-day Olympic Games in 1896, and 108 years later it welcomed home the 2004 Summer Olympics. In Ancient Greek, the name of the city was Ἀθῆναι a plural, in earlier Greek, such as Homeric Greek, the name had been current in the singular form though, as Ἀθήνη. It was possibly rendered in the later on, like those of Θῆβαι and Μυκῆναι. During the medieval period the name of the city was rendered once again in the singular as Ἀθήνα, an etiological myth explaining how Athens has acquired its name was well known among ancient Athenians and even became the theme of the sculpture on the West pediment of the Parthenon. The goddess of wisdom, Athena, and the god of the seas, Poseidon had many disagreements, in an attempt to compel the people, Poseidon created a salt water spring by striking the ground with his trident, symbolizing naval power. However, when Athena created the tree, symbolizing peace and prosperity. Different etymologies, now rejected, were proposed during the 19th century. Christian Lobeck proposed as the root of the name the word ἄθος or ἄνθος meaning flower, ludwig von Döderlein proposed the stem of the verb θάω, stem θη- to denote Athens as having fertile soil. In classical literature, the city was referred to as the City of the Violet Crown, first documented in Pindars ἰοστέφανοι Ἀθᾶναι. In medieval texts, variant names include Setines, Satine, and Astines, today the caption η πρωτεύουσα, the capital, has become somewhat common

21.
Istanbul
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Istanbul, historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the countrys economic, cultural, and historic center. Istanbul is a city in Eurasia, straddling the Bosphorus strait between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives on the Asian side, the city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, both hosting a population of around 14.7 million residents. Istanbul is one of the worlds most populous cities and ranks as the worlds 7th-largest city proper, founded under the name of Byzantion on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE, the city developed to become one of the most significant in history. After its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE, it served as a capital for almost 16 centuries, during the Roman and Byzantine, the Latin. Overlooked for the new capital Ankara during the period, the city has since regained much of its prominence. The population of the city has increased tenfold since the 1950s, as migrants from across Anatolia have moved in, arts, music, film, and cultural festivals were established at the end of the 20th century and continue to be hosted by the city today. Infrastructure improvements have produced a complex transportation network, considered a global city, Istanbul has one of the fastest-growing metropolitan economies in the world. It hosts the headquarters of many Turkish companies and media outlets and accounts for more than a quarter of the gross domestic product. Hoping to capitalize on its revitalization and rapid expansion, Istanbul has bid for the Summer Olympics five times in twenty years, the first known name of the city is Byzantium, the name given to it at its foundation by Megarean colonists around 660 BCE. The name is thought to be derived from a personal name, ancient Greek tradition refers to a legendary king of that name as the leader of the Greek colonists. Modern scholars have hypothesized that the name of Byzas was of local Thracian or Illyrian origin. He also attempted to promote the name Nova Roma and its Greek version Νέα Ῥώμη Nea Romē, the use of Constantinople to refer to the city during the Ottoman period is now considered politically incorrect, even if not historically inaccurate, by Turks. By the 19th century, the city had acquired other names used by foreigners or Turks. Europeans used Constantinople to refer to the whole of the city, pera was used to describe the area between the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus, but Turks also used the name Beyoğlu. The name İstanbul is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase εἰς τὴν Πόλιν and this reflected its status as the only major city in the vicinity. The importance of Constantinople in the Ottoman world was reflected by its Ottoman name Der Saadet meaning the gate to Prosperity in Ottoman. An alternative view is that the name evolved directly from the name Constantinople, with the first, a Turkish folk etymology traces the name to Islam bol plenty of Islam because the city was called Islambol or Islambul as the capital of the Islamic Ottoman Empire

22.
Basel
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Basel is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine. Basel is Switzerlands third-most-populous city with about 175,000 inhabitants, located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany. In 2014, the Basel agglomeration was the third largest in Switzerland with a population of 537,100 in 74 municipalities in Switzerland, the official language of Basel is German, but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect. Basel has been the seat of a Prince-Bishopric since the 11th century, the city has been a commercial hub and important cultural centre since the Renaissance, and has emerged as a centre for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry in the 20th century. It hosts the oldest university of the Swiss Confederation, There are settlement traces on the Rhine knee from the early La Tène period. The unfortified settlement was abandoned in the 1st century BC in favour of an Oppidum on the site of Basel Minster, probably in reaction to the Roman invasion of Gaul. In Roman Gaul, Augusta Raurica was established some 20 km from Basel as the administrative centre. The city of Basel eventually grew around the castle, the name of Basel is derived from the Roman-era toponym Basilia, first recorded in the 3rd century. It is presumably derived from the personal name Basilius, the Old French form Basle was adopted into English, and developed into the modern French Bâle. The Icelandic name Buslaraborg goes back to the 12th century Leiðarvísir og borgarskipan, Basel was incorporated into Germania Superior in AD83. Roman control over the area deteriorated in 3rd century, and Basel became an outpost of the Provincia Maxima Sequanorum formed by Diocletian, the Alamanni attempted to cross the Rhine several times in the 4th century, but were repelled. In a great invasion of AD406, the Alemanni appear to have crossed the Rhine river a final time, conquering and then settling what is today Alsace, from this time, Basel has been an Alemannic settlement. The Duchy of Alemannia fell under Frankish rule in the 6th century, and by the 7th century, based on the evidence of a third solidus with the inscription Basilia fit, Basel seems to have minted its own coins in the 7th century. Under bishop Haito, the first cathedral was built on the site of the Roman castle, at the partition of the Carolingian Empire, Basel was first given to West Francia, but passed to East Francia with the treaty of Meerssen of 870. The city was plundered and destroyed by a Magyar invasion of 917, the rebuilt city became part of Upper Burgundy, and as such was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire in 1032. Since the donation by Rudolph III of Burgundy of the Moutier-Grandval Abbey and all its possessions to Bishop Adalbero II in 999 till the Reformation, in 1019, the construction of the cathedral of Basel began under German Emperor Heinrich II. In 1225–1226, the Bridge over the Rhine was constructed by Bishop Heinrich von Thun, the bridge was largely funded by Basels Jewish community which had settled there a century earlier. For many centuries to come Basel possessed the only permanent bridge over the river between Lake Constance and the sea, the Bishop also allowed the furriers to found a guild in 1226

23.
Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari
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The Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari is an auto racing circuit near the Italian town of Imola,40 kilometres east of Bologna and 80 kilometres east of the Ferrari factory in Maranello. The circuit is named after Ferraris late founder Enzo and his son Dino who had died in the 1950s, before Enzo Ferraris death in 1988 it was called Autodromo Dino Ferrari. The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license and it was the venue for the Formula One San Marino Grand Prix and it also hosted the 1980 edition of the Italian Grand Prix, which usually takes place in Monza. When Formula One visits Imola, it is seen as the circuit of Ferrari. Imola, as it is known, is one of the few major international circuits to run in an anti-clockwise direction. In April 1953, the first motorcycle races took place, while the first car took place in June 1954. In April 1963, the circuit hosted its first Formula One race, as a non-championship event, a further non-championship event took place at Imola in 1979, which was won by Niki Lauda for Brabham-Alfa Romeo. In 1980 Imola officially debuted in the Formula One calendar by hosting the 50th Italian Grand Prix and it was the first time since the 1948 Edition held at Parco del Valentino that the Autodromo Nazionale Monza did not host the Italian Grand Prix. The race was won by Nelson Piquet and it was such a success that a new race, the race was held over 60 laps of the 5 kilometre circuit for a total race distance of 300 kilometres. In addition Adornis countryman Michele Dancelli took the bronze and five of the top six finishers were Italian, the circuit was also used for stage 11 of the 2015 Giro dItalia, which was won by Ilnur Zakarin. In 1987, Nelson Piquet had an accident there during practice, in the 1989 San Marino Grand Prix, Gerhard Berger crashed his Ferrari at Tamburello after a front wing failure. The car caught fire after the impact but thanks to the quick work of the firefighters. Michele Alboreto also had an accident at the Tamburello corner testing his Footwork Arrows at the circuit in 1991. Riccardo Patrese also had an accident at the Tamburello corner in 1992 while testing for the Williams team, and of course the death of Ayrton Senna on May 1,1994 sealed the fate of the corner being run flat out ever again. The tragedy continued the day, when the three-time World Champion Ayrton Senna lost control of his car. He succumbed shortly after impact as a piece of the car had pierced his helmet, in two unrelated incidents, several spectators and mechanics were also injured during the event. In the aftermath, the continued to host Grands Prix. The flat-out Tamburello corner was reduced to a 4th gear left-right sweeper, Villeneuve corner, previously an innocuous 6th gear right-hander into Tosa, was made a complementary 4th gear sweeper, also with a gravel trap on the outside of the corner

24.
Dessel
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Dessel is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality comprises only the town of Dessel proper, on January 1,2013, Dessel had a total population of 9.300 inhabitants. The total area is 27.03 km² which gives a density of 325 inhabitants per km². Dessel hosts several facilities, Belgoprocess, ex Eurochemic reprocessing plant. BelgoNucléaire, an old MOX factory, presently closed and to be decommissioned in the future, the decision was taken after consultation of the local authorities and the population in the frame of the Stola consultation group. The town has two clubs, K. F. C. Witgoor Sport, which plays in the Belgian Fourth Division, Dessel Sport, which plays in the Belgian Second Division. Graspop Metal Meeting, yearly heavy metal music festival

25.
Olympic Stadium (Moscow arena)
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Olympic Stadium, known locally as the Olimpiyskiy or Olimpiski, is a large indoor arena, located in Moscow, Russia. It was built for the 1980 Summer Olympics and, divided into two separated halls, hosted the basketball and boxing events, a part of the Olimpiyskiy Sports Complex, it makes up one architectural ensemble with another venue, constructed at the same time, the Swimming Pool. The venue is so large, that up to 80,000 people can occupy its space and it has hosted the Davis Cup finals and Bandy World Championships on several occasions, and is the home of the Kremlin Cup tournament. It was the worlds first indoor bandy arena, when smaller indoor sports are held at the venue, such as tennis or basketball, only 1/4 of the floor space is used. Capacity at this configuration can vary between 10,000 and 16,000 people, the arena hosted the 1999 FIBA EuroStars game and the 2005 Euroleague Final Four. The stadium can hold up to 16,000 people for televised events, in May 2014, the city of Moscow auctioned 65% of shares in the stadium that it previously controlled, oil company ZAO Neftegazprod won the auction, paying 4,672 billion rubles. Kylie Minogue performed there on 16 June 2008 as part of her KylieX2008, the stadium was the venue for the Eurovision Song Contest 2009. Russian metal band Aria sold out the arena for its 25 Anniversary concert, Aria ex-members were the opening bands. Roger Waters performed a sold out show during The Wall Live Tour on 23 April 2011, the show was attended by the likes of Konstanin Nikolsky, Andrey Makarevich and David Tukhmanov. The spectacle was the most expensive show staged on Russian soil, limp Bizkit performed at the venue on 4 and 5 June 2012, and again on 29 November 2013. They will also be doing a back to back show 31 October 2015 and 1 November 2015, madonna performed during the MDNA Tour on 7 August 2012, causing controversy to have discoursed about the LGBT rights in Russia. Legendary heavy metal band Black Sabbath performed at the venue during their Black Sabbath Reunion Tour on 1 June 2014, green Days performance, during their 99 Revolutions Tour on 21 June 2013, marks their very first live performance in Russia. Mylène Farmer performed during Mylène Farmer en tournée on July 1,2009, thirty Seconds to Mars performed during Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams Tour on March 1,2014 Didier Marouani and Space performed for 8 concerts from 21 to 28 June 1983. Bandy World Championship 1989 and Bandy World Championship 2008 were played here, the 2013 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in the stadium between 17–23 April 2013. List of tennis stadiums by capacity Official website of the Olympiisky Sports Complex Information on venue Info from Euroleague. net

26.
Saint Petersburg
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Saint Petersburg is Russias second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject, situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 271703. In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, between 1713 and 1728 and 1732–1918, Saint Petersburg was the capital of imperial Russia. In 1918, the government bodies moved to Moscow. Saint Petersburg is one of the cities of Russia, as well as its cultural capital. The Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Saint Petersburg is home to The Hermitage, one of the largest art museums in the world. A large number of consulates, international corporations, banks. Swedish colonists built Nyenskans, a fortress, at the mouth of the Neva River in 1611, in a then called Ingermanland. A small town called Nyen grew up around it, Peter the Great was interested in seafaring and maritime affairs, and he intended to have Russia gain a seaport in order to be able to trade with other maritime nations. He needed a better seaport than Arkhangelsk, which was on the White Sea to the north, on May 1703121703, during the Great Northern War, Peter the Great captured Nyenskans, and soon replaced the fortress. On May 271703, closer to the estuary 5 km inland from the gulf), on Zayachy Island, he laid down the Peter and Paul Fortress, which became the first brick and stone building of the new city. The city was built by conscripted peasants from all over Russia, tens of thousands of serfs died building the city. Later, the city became the centre of the Saint Petersburg Governorate, Peter moved the capital from Moscow to Saint Petersburg in 1712,9 years before the Treaty of Nystad of 1721 ended the war, he referred to Saint Petersburg as the capital as early as 1704. During its first few years, the city developed around Trinity Square on the bank of the Neva, near the Peter. However, Saint Petersburg soon started to be built out according to a plan, by 1716 the Swiss Italian Domenico Trezzini had elaborated a project whereby the city centre would be located on Vasilyevsky Island and shaped by a rectangular grid of canals. The project was not completed, but is evident in the layout of the streets, in 1716, Peter the Great appointed French Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond as the chief architect of Saint Petersburg. In 1724 the Academy of Sciences, University and Academic Gymnasium were established in Saint Petersburg by Peter the Great, in 1725, Peter died at the age of fifty-two. His endeavours to modernize Russia had met opposition from the Russian nobility—resulting in several attempts on his life

27.
Ice Palace Saint Petersburg
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The Ice Palace is an arena in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It was built for the 2000 IIHF World Championship and opened in 2000, the Ice Palace is primarily used for ice hockey and is the home arena for SKA St. Petersburg. It hosted the IIHF European Champions Cup in 2005,2006,2007 and 2008 and it is also used for concerts, exhibitions and as a skating rink. Cher, Sting, Jennifer Lopez, Placebo, Fall Out Boy, Ice Palace at Hockeyarenas. net Ice Palace at worldstadiums. com Official website

28.
Helsinki
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Helsinki is the capital and largest city of Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Helsinki has a population of 629,512, a population of 1,231,595. Helsinki is located some 80 kilometres north of Tallinn, Estonia,400 km east of Stockholm, Sweden, Helsinki has close historical connections with these three cities. The Helsinki metropolitan area includes the core of Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Kauniainen. It is the worlds northernmost metro area of one million people. The Helsinki metropolitan area is the fourth largest metropolitan area in the Nordic countries, Helsinki is Finlands major political, educational, financial, cultural, and research center as well as one of northern Europes major cities. Approximately 75% of foreign companies operating in Finland have settled in the Helsinki region, the nearby municipality of Vantaa is the location of Helsinki Airport, with frequent service to various destinations in Europe and Asia. In 2009, Helsinki was chosen to be the World Design Capital for 2012 by the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design, the city was the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics and the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest 2007. In 2011, the Monocle magazine ranked Helsinki the most liveable city in the world in its Liveable Cities Index 2011, in the Economist Intelligence Units August 2015 Liveability survey, assessing the best and worst cities to live in globally, Helsinki placed among the worlds top ten cities. Helsinki is used to refer to the city in most languages, the Swedish name Helsingfors is the original official name of the city. The Finnish name probably comes from Helsinga and similar names used for the river that is known as the Vantaa River. Helsingfors comes from the name of the parish, Helsinge and the rapids, which flowed through the original village. As part of the Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire, one suggestion for the origin of the name Helsinge is that it originated with medieval Swedish settlers who came from Hälsingland in Sweden. Others have proposed that the name derives from the Swedish word helsing, other Scandinavian cities located at similar geographic locations were given similar names at the time, for example Helsingør and Helsingborg. The name Helsinki has been used in Finnish official documents and in Finnish language newspapers since 1819, the decrees issued in Helsinki were dated with Helsinki as the place of issue. This is how the form Helsinki came to be used in written Finnish, in Helsinki slang the city is called Stadi. Hesa, is not used by natives to the city, helsset is the Northern Sami name of Helsinki

29.
Stockholm
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The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC. It is also the capital of Stockholm County, Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the countrys GDP and it is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europes top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and it hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the citys most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is known for its decoration of the stations. Swedens national football arena is located north of the city centre, Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Stockholm is the seat of the Swedish government and most of its agencies, including the highest courts in the judiciary, and the official residencies of the Swedish monarch and the Prime Minister. The government has its seat in the Rosenbad building, the Riksdag is seated in the Parliament House, and the Prime Ministers residence is adjacent at the Sager House. After the Ice Age, around 8,000 BCE, there were already a number of people living in the present-day Stockholm area. Thousands of years later, as the ground thawed, the climate became tolerable, at the intersection of the Baltic Sea and lake Mälaren is an archipelago site where the Old Town of Stockholm was first built from about 1000 CE by Vikings. They had a positive impact on the area because of the trade routes they created. Stockholms location appears in Norse sagas as Agnafit, and in Heimskringla in connection with the legendary king Agne, the earliest written mention of the name Stockholm dates from 1252, by which time the mines in Bergslagen made it an important site in the iron trade. The first part of the name means log in Swedish, although it may also be connected to an old German word meaning fortification, the second part of the name means islet, and is thought to refer to the islet Helgeandsholmen in central Stockholm. Stockholms core, the present Old Town was built on the island next to Helgeandsholmen from the mid 13th century onward. The city originally rose to prominence as a result of the Baltic trade of the Hanseatic League, Stockholm developed strong economic and cultural linkages with Lübeck, Hamburg, Gdańsk, Visby, Reval, and Riga during this time

30.
Stevenage
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Stevenage /ˈstiːvənᵻdʒ/ is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England. It is situated to the east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1, Stevenage is roughly 32.9 miles north of central London. Its population has increased significantly over the last century, the population was 1,430 in 1801,4,049 in 1901,79,715 in 2001 and 83,957 in 2011. The largest increase occurred in the 1950s and 1960s, after Stevenage was designated a new town under the New Towns Act of 1946, the current population is now estimated to be around 84,000. Two films were set in and around Stevenage, Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush, spy Game was partly filmed in Stevenage but set in Washington, D. C. The 1959 film Serious Charge was also filmed in Stevenage, Stevenage may derive from Old English stiþen āc / stiðen āc / stithen ac meaning the stiff oak. The name was recorded as Stithenæce, c.1060 and Stigenace in 1086 in the Domesday Book, Stevenage lies near the line of the Roman road from Verulamium to Baldock. Some Romano-British remains were discovered during the building of the New Town, the most substantial evidence of activity from Roman times is Six Hills, six tumuli by the side of the old Great North Road – presumably the burial places of a local family. A little to the east of the Roman sites the first Saxon camp was made in a clearing in the woods where the church, manor house, settlements also sprang up in Chells, Broadwater and Shephall. In the Domesday Book the Lord of the Manor was the Abbot of Westminster Abbey, the settlement had moved down to the Great North Road and in 1281 it was granted a Royal Charter to hold a weekly market and annual fair. The earliest part of St Nicholas Church dates from the 12th century, the known list of priests or rectors is relatively complete from 1213. The remains of a moated homestead in Whomerley Wood is an 80-yard-square trench almost 5 feet wide in parts. It was probably the home of Ralph de Homle, and both Roman and later pottery has been found there, around 1500 the Church was much improved, with decorative woodwork and the addition of a clerestory. In 1558 Thomas Alleyne, a rector of the town, founded a grammar school for boys, Alleynes Grammar School. Francis Cammaerts was headmaster of the school from 1952 to 1961, the school, which was a mixed comprehensive school and is now an Academy as of 2013, still exists on its original site at the north end of the High Street. It was intended to move the school to Great Ashby, Stevenages prosperity came in part from the North Road, which was turnpiked in the early 18th century. Many inns in the High Street served the stage coaches,21 of which passed through Stevenage each day in 1800, in 1857 the Great Northern Railway was constructed, and the era of the stage coach had ended. Stevenage grew only slowly throughout the 19th century and a church was constructed at the south end of the High Street

31.
Knebworth House
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Knebworth House is a country house in the civil parish of Knebworth in Hertfordshire, England. It is a Grade II* listed building, into the present Tudor Gothic structure. In 1913-1914 it was leased for ₤3,000 per year by Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia and its most famous resident was Edward Bulwer-Lytton, the Victorian author, dramatist and statesman, who embellished the gardens in a formal Italianate fashion. Much of the interior was redesigned by Sir Edwin Lutyens, who simplified the main parterre, a herb garden, with an interlaced quincunx design, was drawn by Gertrude Jekyll in 1907, although not planted until 1982. The current residents are Henry Lytton-Cobbold and his family, the house is open to the public together with its surrounding gardens and park. In the park is the medieval St. Marys Church and the Lytton family mausoleum, although it is called Knebworth House, the house and surrounding grounds are located within the borough of Stevenage. Local radio station 106 Jack FM Hertfordshire broadcasts from the old pump house, numerous films have been shot at Knebworth, including, Anastasia - Palace of the Empress Decline and Fall. Trinians all girl school. Jonathan Creek - provided the location of Metropolis in the 2008 Christmas Special, homewood, Knebworth, the dower house Knebworth House website Flickr Knebworth House Photo Group Cobbold Family History Knebworth House on IMDb

32.
Rio de Janeiro
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Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazils third-most populous state. Part of the city has designated as a World Heritage Site, named Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, later, in 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a state of the Portuguese Empire. Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822 and this is one of the few instances in history that the capital of a colonising country officially shifted to a city in one of its colonies. Rio de Janeiro has the second largest municipal GDP in the country, the home of many universities and institutes, it is the second-largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific output according to 2005 data. The Maracanã Stadium held the finals of the 1950 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup, the city is divided into 33 administrative regions. Europeans first encountered Guanabara Bay on 1 January 1502, by a Portuguese expedition under explorer Gaspar de Lemos captain of a ship in Pedro Álvares Cabrals fleet, allegedly the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci participated as observer at the invitation of King Manuel I in the same expedition. The region of Rio was inhabited by the Tupi, Puri, Botocudo, in 1555, one of the islands of Guanabara Bay, now called Villegagnon Island, was occupied by 500 French colonists under the French admiral Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon. Consequently, Villegagnon built Fort Coligny on the island when attempting to establish the France Antarctique colony, Rio de Janeiro was the name of Guanabara Bay. Until early in the 18th century, the city was threatened or invaded by several, mostly French, pirates and buccaneers, such as Jean-François Duclerc, on 27 January 1763, the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. The kingdoms capital was transferred to the city, which, thus, as there was no physical space or urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arrived suddenly, many inhabitants were simply evicted from their homes. The first printed newspaper in Brazil, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, from the colonial period until the first independent decades, Rio de Janeiro was a city of slaves. There was an influx of African slaves to Rio de Janeiro, in 1819. In 1840, the number of slaves reached 220,000 people, the Port of Rio de Janeiro was the largest port of slaves in America. As a political center of the country, Rio concentrated the political-partisan life of the Empire and it was the main stage of the abolitionist and republican movements in the last half of the 19th century. Rio continued as the capital of Brazil after 1889, when the monarchy was replaced by a republic, until the early years of the 20th century, the city was largely limited to the neighbourhood now known as the historic city centre, on the mouth of Guanabara Bay. Expansion of the city to the north and south was facilitated by the consolidation and electrification of Rios streetcar transit system after 1905, though many thought that it was just campaign rhetoric, Kubitschek managed to have Brasília built, at great cost, by 1960

33.
Soundwave (Australian music festival)
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Soundwave was an annual music festival held in major cities around Australia. The festival originated in Perth, Western Australia and began travelling to the other Australian capital cities in 2007 and it features a number of international and Australian music acts, from various genres including rock, metal and punk. The festival was run and promoted by Soundwave Touring, who also run Harvest Festival and promote tours for bands, on 17 December 2015, the Soundwave founder, music promoter AJ Maddah, announced that the 2016 Soundwave festival was cancelled due to poor ticket sales. This was announced two days after the announcement that 2016 would be the final Soundwave festival, the Soundwave festival originated in Perth, as a smaller festival known as Gravity Soundwave within the Gravity Games. The Gravity Games were held in South Perth along the Swan River, being based mainly on water-based, the event was sponsored by Vodafone in its first year, with the company reportedly committing one million dollars to the event. Gravity Soundwave provided the side of the festival, which took place at McCallum Park alongside the Swan River. Gravity Soundwave was first introduced in the festivals first year, which was held on 14 and 15 October 2004, American pop punk band Good Charlotte effectively became the first headline act of Soundwave, when they performed in the festivals first night along with Gyroscope and One Dollar Short. The following night featured Unwritten Law, Regurgitator, MxPx, Lagwagon, the 2005 festival was again presented by Vodafone, being held on the night of 8 October. Gravity Soundwave was headlined by Grinspoon, with it also featuring American acts Unwritten Law, Reel Big Fish, the third and final year of the Gravity Games festival in Perth was moved to December 2006, instead of October. Gravity Soundwave featured American act Aiden, local Australian bands Gyroscope, Kisschasy, Parkway Drive, The Getaway Plan, in 2007 the festival expanded to include Sydney and Brisbane, and increased the number of bands performing. A number of the featured in the 2007 Festival had previously played at the Soundwave Festival in Perth, including Unwritten Law, MxPx. The expanded Festival featured five stages compared to three the previous year, presenters of British reality stunt TV show Dirty Sanchez and Finnish stuntmen The Dudesons were masters of ceremonies at Soundwave 2009. This festival featured 55 acts across six stages and this festival featured 46 acts across six stages. The lineup also included The Starting Line, who reunited for the festival and this festival featured 71 acts across eight stages. The 2012 Soundwave lineup featured System of a Down, Slipknot, Limp Bizkit and this was the first time Limp Bizkit had toured Australia in eleven years. Their previous tour was the 2001 Big Day Out festival, which was marred by the death of 16 year old Jessica Michalik during their performance at the Sydney show, Limp Bizkit singer Fred Durst paid tribute to Michalik at each Soundwave date and openly criticised Big Day Out organisers. The festival also featured a reunited Coal Chamber, who played their first shows since 2003 and this festival featured 95 acts across eleven stages. Barker survived a crash in 2008 and suffers from aerophobia

34.
Brisbane
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Brisbane is the capital of and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland, and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbanes metropolitan area has a population of 2.35 million, the Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, about 15 kilometres from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite, one of the oldest cities in Australia, Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples. A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe,28 kilometres north of the business district. The city was marred by the Australian frontier wars between 1843 and 1855, and development was set back by the Great Fire of Brisbane. Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a colony from New South Wales in 1859. During World War II, Brisbane played a role in the Allied campaign. Today, Brisbane is well known for its distinct Queenslander architecture which forms much of the built heritage. It also receives attention for its damaging flood events, most notably in 1974 and 2011. Several large cultural, international and sporting events have held at Brisbane, including the 1982 Commonwealth Games, World Expo 88, the final Goodwill Games in 2001. Prior to white settlement, the Brisbane area was inhabited by the Turrbal and they knew the area that is now the central business district as Mian-jin, meaning place shaped as a spike. The Moreton Bay area was explored by Matthew Flinders. On 17 July 1799, Flinders landed at what is now known as Woody Point, in 1823 Governor of New South Wales Sir Thomas Brisbane instructed that a new northern penal settlement be developed, and an exploration party led by John Oxley further explored Moreton Bay. Oxley discovered, named, and explored the Brisbane River as far as Goodna,20 kilometres upstream from the Brisbane central business district, Oxley recommended Red Cliff Point for the new colony, reporting that ships could land at any tide and easily get close to the shore. The party settled in Redcliffe on 13 September 1824, under the command of Lieutenant Henry Miller with 14 soldiers and 29 convicts. However, this settlement was abandoned after a year and the colony was moved to a site on the Brisbane River now known as North Quay,28 km south, chief Justice Forbes gave the new settlement the name of Edenglassie before it was named Brisbane. Non-convict European settlement of the Brisbane region commenced in 1838, German missionaries settled at Zions Hill, Nundah as early as 1837, five years before Brisbane was officially declared a free settlement. The band consisted of ministers Christopher Eipper and Carl Wilhelm Schmidt and lay missionaries Haussmann, Johann Gottried Wagner, Niquet, Hartenstein, Zillman, Franz, Rode, Doege and they were allocated 260 hectares and set about establishing the mission, which became known as the German Station

35.
RNA Showgrounds
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The historic Brisbane Showgrounds is located at 600 Gregory Terrace, Bowen Hills, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia and was established in 1875. It hosts almost 300 events each year, with the largest being the Royal Queensland Show, the Brisbane Showgrounds was designed by Claude William Chambers and built by Walls & Juster. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 25 July 2003, the Brisbane Showgrounds is owned and operated by The Royal National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland. Over 10 days in August, it hosts the Ekka show, throughout the rest of the year, other events can hire spaces in the Brisbane Showgrounds. The site of the Brisbane Showgrounds was originally inhabited by the indigenous Turrbal or Duke of York clan who used the area as a campground, the original European name was Yorks Hollow. The history of the Ekka on the site of the Brisbane Showgrounds dates back to August 1876, the site has been the venue for Queenslands principal agricultural exhibition for 139 years. It remains the home of the annual Royal Queensland Show and is Queenslands premier showground, prior to the establishment of the Brisbane Showgrounds, or Exhibition Grounds, in 1876, the site was part of the Queensland Acclimatisation Societys grounds. At the northwestern corner of the site, fronting Bowen Bridge Road and OConnell Terrace, Queenslands 1876 Intercolonial Exhibition was not the first competitive demonstration of agricultural and industrial progress in the colony. They planned to hold exhibitions at Brisbane, Ipswich, Warwick, Drayton and Gayndah, in rotation, nurseryman Albert John Hockings was instrumental in holding horticultural shows in Brisbane from 1855. These Associations conducted annual exhibitions of agricultural, horticultural, and pastoral produce, prizes were awarded for best exhibits. The object was to encourage the exchange of knowledge and to better farm practice. Associations such as these proliferated in Queensland during the half of the 19th century. In 1874 moves were initiated by Queenslands Chief Inspector of Stock, Patrick Robertson Gordon, to form an agricultural society. He was supported by Gresley Lukin, editor of the Brisbane Courier and the Queenslander, in May 1875 an inaugural meeting, presided over by the Queensland Governor, Sir William Wellington Cairns, was held to form the National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland. At this meeting, use of part of the Queensland Acclimatisation Societys grounds was discussed, the alliance with the Acclimatisation Society was considered to be a sensible arrangement. The Intercolonial Exhibition was intended to promote and showcase the agricultural, pastoral and industrial resources of the whole of Queensland, whether it could be sustained beyond a single exhibition remained to be seen. The first exhibition building was a timber hall with side aisles. It was erected in 1876 along Gregory Terrace near the corner of Bowen Bridge Road, at a cost of £1254, sydney exhibitor Jules Joubert added a rectangular wing to the northern side to increase the extent of his exhibition

36.
Sydney
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Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement

37.
Sydney Olympic Park, New South Wales
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Sydney Olympic Park is a large sporting, cultural and leisure complex in western Sydney. It is also a suburb of Sydney, commonly known as Olympic Park. Sydney Olympic Park is located 16 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, the area was redeveloped for the 2000 Olympics. The suburb also contains commercial development and extensive parklands, the area was originally part of the suburb of Homebush Bay, but was designated a suburb in its own right in 2009. The Wangal clan of Indigenous Australians lived in the area before British settlement, the area was called The Flats by a scouting party shortly after the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788. It became part of the Newington Estate in 1807, which was acquired by John Blaxland, the Government acquired some of the land for an aged womens home in the late 19th century. Much of the land was reclaimed from the river and wetlands by landfill, in the mid-1980s, an area bounded by Australia Avenue and what are now Herb Elliott Avenue and Sarah Durack Avenue was promoted as a technology park called the Australia Centre. However, apart from a few relatively high tech businesses like AWA Microelectronics, BASF, Philips and Sanyo, the idea did not catch on, in any event, a decade later the entire area became the site for the Sydney 2000 Olympics. Before its transformation, a part of Olympic Park was derelict former industrial land, after more than a century of industrial. The site was home to a brickworks, abattoir and an armaments depot as well as being the site for eight of Sydneys rubbish dumps. These activities resulted in a contaminated site with little natural ecology. Sixty-five percent of the soils were required to be excavated and contained on-site, commercial developments now sit alongside sporting facilities with tenants in office buildings such as Commonwealth Bank from September 2007. A five-star Pullman hotel and a two-star Formule 1 hotel were completed in mid-2008, the parklands have undergone redevelopment with Blaxland Riverside Park being transformed into an urban park along Parramatta River. The Park opened on 3 March 2007, in addition the Wentworth Common area was upgraded with significant adventure playground facilities for children aged 8–13 years. Auburn Council sought public comment on a proposal to rename the Homebush Bay area and it hosts the Big Day Out music festival and has been the venue for free, open air performances as part of the Sydney Festival such as Movies in the Overflow and Music by Moonlight. The Newington Armory has in the past been the venue for the now-defunct Great Escape and Acoustica at the Armory music festivals, in August 2009, the funerals for the murdered Lin family were held here. Every December since 2009, the V8 Supercar event, the Sydney 500, is held through the streets of the Olympic precinct, however, it was announced in March 2016 that the event would no longer take place at Sydney Olympic Park following its final edition in December 2016. EB Games Expo has been held at The Sydney Showgrounds from 2012 to present

38.
Sydney Entertainment Centre
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Sydney Entertainment Centre was a multi-purpose arena located in Haymarket, Sydney, Australia. It opened in May 1983, to replace Sydney Stadium, which had been demolished in 1970 to make way for the Eastern Suburbs railway line, the centre was owned by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, which administered the neighbouring Darling Harbour area, and managed under a lease. It was one of Sydneys larger concert venues, licensed to accommodate over 13,000 people as a theatre or 8,000 as a theatre-in-the-round. It was the largest permanent concert venue in Sydney until 1999, the venue averaged attendances of 1 million people each year and hosted concerts, family shows, sporting events and corporate events. In December 1983, Cold Chisel played its final Last Stand concert, Elton John has played numerous concerts there over the years, including eight dates in 1986 with an orchestra at Haymarket Arena. The latter shows were the last he performed prior to throat surgery and he has played 46 shows at the venue and was final artist to perform at the venue before its demolition in December 2015. John Farnham finished his run of a record 76 concerts at the venue over three decades with a farewell gig December 16,2015 and he joked he got to take home the 6-foot entrance sign to the green room, dubbed The Farnham Room. In 1986, Dire Straits finished its 1985–86 world tour by playing 21 consecutive shows at the venue, also in 1986, Elton John performed the last leg of his Tour De Force with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra at the venue, playing 12 shows. Part of the last show, was to be made into his next album, genesis played nine dates at the 1986 leg of the Invisible Touch Tour. Some of the songs were performed with an Australian string section, archives 2 – disc 2 holds a version of Your Own Special Way recorded at SEC. Billy Idol performed here in September 1987 as part of The Whiplash Smile Australasian Tour, david Bowie recorded his performances on 7 and 9 November 1987 from his worldwide Glass Spider Tour for release on video and CD at the Entertainment Centre. On 16 and 17 November 1990 Eric Clapton two sold-out concerts in front of 26,500 people during his Journeyman World Tour. On 12 March 1994 Depeche Mode performed their last show from the Australian Exotic Tour/Summer Tour 94, as of 2015, it has been their last concert in the country. American rock band Pearl Jam played two nights in 1995 during the Vitalogy Tour, three nights during the Yield Tour and another three nights at the venue during the Riot Act Tour. Two of The Beatles have performed at the venue, Paul McCartney for three shows in March 1993, and George Harrison made a surprise appearance at a Deep Purple concert in 1984. Gloria Estefan performed on 10,12 and 13 April 1997 for her Evolution World Tour. Mariah Carey performed on 2 and 6 February 1998, for her Butterfly World Tour, a one off concert in January 2013, cher performed three shows during her Living Proof, The Farewell Tour on 3,4 and 7 March 2005. Kylie Minogue has played 25 concerts there, she finished her On A Night Like This Tour, after playing 11 nights there and kicked off her Showgirl, on 20 March 2015, Minogue performed as part of her Kiss Me Once Tour

39.
Melbourne
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Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 4,641,636 as of 2016, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians. Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemens Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named Melbourne by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the worlds largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of government until 1927. It is a financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a centre for street art, music. It was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport, the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australias busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo, Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the regional train. Melbourne is also home to Australias most extensive network and has the worlds largest urban tram network. Before the arrival of settlers, humans had occupied the area for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000 years. At the time of European settlement, it was inhabited by under 2000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous tribes, the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and it would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman selected a site on the bank of the Yarra River. Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania, in early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize

40.
Rod Laver Arena
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Rod Laver Arena is a multipurpose arena located within Melbourne Park, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The arena is the venue for the Australian Open, a tennis Grand Slam event since 1988. Replacing the aging Kooyong Stadium, construction on the began in 1985 and was completed in 1987 at a cost of AU$94 million. It opened on 11 January 1988 for the 1988 Australian Open. The arena has a capacity of 14,820, with a capacity of 15,400 for sports such as basketball, when extra seats are added around the court. The arena currently attracts over 1.5 million visitors per year, originally known in 1988 as the National Tennis Centre at Flinders Park, the arena has officially changed its name twice. First in 1996, when it was known as the Centre Court, and again in January 2000 to honour Rod Laver, Rod Laver Arena was Australias first retractable roof venue, and it is the largest indoor arena in Australia without a permanent roof. It is also the second largest indoor arena in Australia behind the 21,032 capacity Sydney Super Dome, the arena features a retractable roof allowing competitors to continue play during rain or extreme heat. Other than for tennis, during sporting events or concerts, a section of the southern the lower seating bowl is retracted to allow space for a stage or special floor level seating. Rod Laver Arena was the centrepiece of the 12th FINA World Aquatics Championships, a temporary swimming pool, named the Susie ONeill Pool after Australian swimming champion Susie ONeill, was built to allow this to happen. Rod Laver Arena is equipped with the Hawk-Eye electronic system which allows players to challenge the umpires decision on calls made throughout championships. The Tennis Centre saw its first basketball game in 1991 when the Australian Boomers played host to a touring All-Star team headlined by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, on 3 April 1992, the arena became the home of Melbourne basketball when the Melbourne Tigers defeated the Canberra Cannons 112-104. The venue was criticised in its early days as a basketball venue due to the poor quality of the backboards. However, these concerns were addressed and the arena became known as one of the best in the country. The arena was home to the South East Melbourne Magic with both teams attracting some of the largest crowds in the history of the NBL. Rod Laver Arena was also the site of the first ever outdoor pro basketball game in Australia when the Magic hosted the Adelaide 36ers on 31 December 1997 with the roof open. The largest basketball crowd at Rod Laver Arena was set in 1996 when 15,366 attended a derby game between the Magic and Tigers. Game two of the 1996 NBL Grand Final series, also between the Magic and Tigers, saw the NBLs largest ever single game Grand Final crowd when 15,064 watched the Magic defeat the Tigers 88-84

41.
Melbourne Showgrounds
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Melbourne Showgrounds is located in the inner north-western suburb of Ascot Vale, Victoria, Australia, next door to Flemington Racecourse. The venue has also been the site for TV and film production and is the current filming location for MasterChef Australia. It has previously used for large music festivals – as of 2010. The 30-acre site at Ascot Vale was given to the National Agricultural Society of Victoria in 1882, the first Show held the next year and over the next few decades a number of pavilions were erected on the site. During both World War I and World War II the showgrounds were requisitioned for military purposes, during the 1970s the first major attractions were built, such as the 1,800 feet long chairlift, with 112 chairs that covered the journey in 7 minutes. In 1977 the new Government Pavilion was completed, costing $1,800,000, the iconic Pie in the Sky was also built the same year, and was heritage listed in 1999. As well as hosting harness racing, the 610 metres Melbourne Showground track was a regular host of speedway. During this time the showground hosted two annual events, the Boxing Day Spectacular, and the Mr Melbourne title held in January. Winners of these events included Simon Wigg, Tommy Knudsen and Todd Wiltshire, by the early 2000s the Royal Melbourne Showgrounds had become dilapidated, especially when compared to other Australian venues such as the Sydney Showgrounds at Homebush. The contract with PPP Solutions was signed on 22 June 2005, costing $146 million, the government provided $101 million for the project, the Royal Agricultural Society $16 million, and the remaining $29 million will come from lease revenue and management fees. Two-thirds of the 27 hectare site was redeveloped as a venue for the Royal Melbourne Show, while non-core land along Epsom Road, before the redevelopment the main arena had a 15,000 capacity, with the new basic rectangle arena opened for the 2006 Royal Melbourne Show. Around the same time the rest of old arena was demolished, the heritage listed Woodfull Pavilion was also incorporated into the development, which opened in August 2009. The showgrounds have also used to film numerous television productions including commercials. Extra trams are run to the showgrounds for the duration of the Royal Melbourne Show. Official website Major Projects Victoria - Melbourne Showgrounds Redevelopment

42.
Adelaide
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Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. In June 2016, Adelaide had a resident population of 1,326,354 million. South Australia, with a total of 1, the demonym Adelaidean is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km from the coast to the foothills, and 94 to 104 km from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, Colonel William Light, one of Adelaides founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens, in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people. Lights design set out Adelaide in a layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares. Early Adelaide was shaped by prosperity and wealth—until the Second World War, it was Australias third-largest city and it has been noted for early examples of religious freedom, a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties. It has been known as the City of Churches since the mid-19th century, as South Australias seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the boulevard of North Terrace, King William Street. Today, Adelaide is noted for its festivals and sporting events, its food and wine, its long beachfronts. It ranks highly in terms of liveability, being listed in the Top 10 of The Economist Intelligence Units Worlds Most Liveable Cities index in 2010,2011,2012 and 2015. It was also ranked the most liveable city in Australia by the Property Council of Australia in 2011,2012 and 2013, prior to its proclamation as a British settlement in 1836, the area around Adelaide was inhabited by the indigenous Kaurna Aboriginal nation. Kaurna culture and language was almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the European settlement of South Australia in 1836, however, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. South Australia was officially proclaimed as a new British colony on 28 December 1836, the event is commemorated in South Australia as Proclamation Day. The site of the capital was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light. Adelaide was established as a colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution. Wakefields idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen

43.
Bonython Park
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Bonython Park is a 17-hectare park in the West Parklands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. The park was opened in 1962 and named in honour of prominent South Australian politician and journalist and it is the largest single park of the Parklands, and it is situated on north-western side of the River Torrens bordered by Port Road. It is in proximity to a par 3 golf course and the old Adelaide Gaol, Bonython Park has one of Adelaides best playgrounds - Bonython Park Adventure Playspace, a vibrant kiosk, boating lake, open kick/play fields and junior playground. On both sides of the river, multi-barbecue stations with picnic and relaxing spots are available for the public, across Port Road, on the banks of the river, is the garden and lighting display of the brewery, changing with the seasons being celebrated. List of Adelaide parks and gardens Torrens Bridge railway station

44.
Perth
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Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the central business district. Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the centre of the Swan River Colony. It gained city status in 1856, and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929. The city is named after Perth, Scotland, due to the influence of Sir George Murray, Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. The citys population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century, largely as a result of emigration from the eastern colonies of Australia. During Australias involvement in World War II, Fremantle served as a base for operating in the Pacific Theatre. An influx of immigrants after the war, predominantly from Britain, Greece, Italy and Yugoslavia, Aboriginal people have inhabited the Perth area for 38,000 years, as evidenced by archaeological remains at Upper Swan. The Noongar people occupied the southwest corner of Western Australia and lived as hunter-gatherers, the wetlands on the Swan Coastal Plain were particularly important to them, both spiritually and as a source of food. The Noongar people know the area where Perth now stands as Boorloo, Boorloo formed part of Mooro, the tribal lands of Yellagongas group, one of several based around the Swan River and known collectively as the Whadjuk. The Whadjuk were part of a group of fourteen tribes that formed the south-west socio-linguistic block known as the Noongar. The judgment was overturned on appeal, the first documented sighting of the region was made by the Dutch Captain Willem de Vlamingh and his crew on 10 January 1697. The British colony would be officially designated Western Australia in 1832, Captain James Stirling, aboard Parmelia, said that Perth was as beautiful as anything of this kind I had ever witnessed. On 12 August that year, Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the ship, Sulphur. The only contemporary information on the source of the name comes from Fremantles diary entry for 12 August, Murray was born in Perth, Scotland, and was in 1829 Secretary of State for the Colonies and Member for Perthshire in the British House of Commons. The town was named after the Scottish Perth, in Murrays honour, the racial relations between the Noongar people and the Europeans were strained due to these happenings. Because of the amount of building in and around Boorloo

45.
Claremont Showgrounds
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The Claremont Showgrounds near Perth, Western Australia are home to the annual Perth Royal Show. In 1902,32 acres of land were reserved in the Perth suburb of Claremont for new showgrounds to replace the Guildford Showgrounds, the Royal Agricultural Show, of three days, was first held there in October and November 1905. In 1929 a pavilion and other features were built for the Western Australia Centenary, the Claremont Showgrounds are serviced by a special events railway station on the Fremantle line. Opened on 20 September 1995, it has connection with the showgrounds. The original Showgrounds Station, opened in 1954, was located 350 metres further east with platforms on either side of the line, the Showgrounds have in the past been regularly used for WAFL football matches. Perth won its first premiership against East Fremantle there in 1907 and they were the original home of Claremont-Cottesloe Football Club in its first year in the WAFL before moving to Claremont Oval in 1927. On 19 March 2005, the venue was used to host a one-off WAFL match between Claremont and West Perth, with Claremont winning in front of 7,812 spectators. Due to redevelopment of Claremont Oval, Claremont used the Showgrounds as its ground for the 2014 and 2015 seasons. See also, Claremont Speedway From 1927 until 2000, the 586 metres Claremont Speedway operated on a track around the edge of the oval of the showgrounds. Its size saw it the largest speedway in weekly operation in a capital in Australia. With the closure of Claremont, speedway in Perth moved to the 500 metres Perth Motorplex Speedway in Kwinana Beach, adversity and achievement, a history of the Royal Agricultural Society of Western Australia Claremont, W. A. ISBN 0-646-43969-3 Royal Agricultural Society of WA Claremont Showgrounds at Austadiums

46.
San Bernardino, California
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San Bernardino /ˈsæn ˌbɜːrnɑːrˈdiːnoʊ/ is a city located in the Riverside-San Bernardino metropolitan area. It serves as the county seat of San Bernardino County, California, as one of the Inland Empires anchor cities, San Bernardino spans 81 square miles on the floor of the San Bernardino Valley and has a population of 209,924 as of the 2010 census. San Bernardino is the 17th-largest city in California and the 100th-largest city in the United States, San Bernardino is home to numerous diplomatic missions for the Inland Empire, being one of four cities in California with numerous consulates. The governments of Guatemala and Mexico have established their consulates in the area of the city. California State University, San Bernardino is located in the part of the city. The university also hosts the Coussoulis Arena, in addition, the city is home to the Inland Empire 66ers baseball team, they play their home games at San Manuel Stadium in downtown San Bernardino. In August 2012, San Bernardino became the largest city to choose to file for protection under Chapter 9 of the U. S. Bankruptcy code, San Bernardinos case was filed on August 1. On December 2,2015, a terrorist attack left 14 people dead and 22 seriously injured, the city of San Bernardino, California, occupies much of the San Bernardino Valley, which indigenous tribespeople originally referred to as The Valley of the Cupped Hand of God. The Tongva Indians also called the San Bernardino area Waaach in their language, upon seeing the immense geological arrowhead-shaped rock formation on the side of the San Bernardino Mountains, they found the hot and cold springs to which the arrowhead seemed to point. Politana was the first Spanish settlement in the San Bernardino Valley, Two years later the settlement was destroyed by superstitious local tribesmen, following the powerful earthquakes that shook the region. Several years later, the Serrano and Mountain Cahuilla rebuilt the Politana rancheria and they did and established the San Bernardino de Sena Estancia. Serrano and Cahuilla people inhabited Politana until long after the 1830s decree of secularization, the city of San Bernardino one of the oldest communities in the state of California, and in its present-day location, was not largely settled until 1851, after California became a state. The first Anglo-American colony was established by pioneers associated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or Mormons, hardworking Mormon colonists developed irrigated, commercial farming and lumbering, supplying agricultural produce and lumber throughout Southern California. The city was incorporated in the year 1857. Later that year most of the colonists were recalled by Brigham Young in 1857 due to the Utah War, once highly regarded in early California, news of the Mountain Meadows Massacre poisoned attitudes toward the Mormons. They sold these lands to new settlers who came to dominate the culture and politics in the county, many the new land owners unlike the sober Mormons, indulged in drinking at saloons now allowed in the town. Disorder, fighting and violence in the vicinity became common, reaching a climax in the 1859 Ainsworth - Gentry Affair, in 1860 a gold rush began in the mountains nearby with the discovery of gold by William F. Holcomb in Holcomb Valley early 1860. Another strike followed in the reach of Lytle Creek

47.
San Manuel Amphitheater
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The San Manuel Amphitheater is a 65, 000-capacity amphitheater located in the hills of Glen Helen Regional Park in San Bernardino, California. It is the largest outdoor music venue in the United States, the orchestra, box, and loge sections seat a combined 10,902 people, while the lawn section seats 54,098. It was constructed in 1982, when Steve Wozniak & The Unuson Corporation completely redeveloped the land to have a site to put on the 1982 US Festival, the amphitheaters concert season begins in March and ends in November, for the winter season. Festival, Identity Festival, Knotfest, KROQ, LA Invasion Festival, Mayhem Festival, Ozzfest, Projekt Revolution, Rock & Roll Blowout Festival, Rock the Bells Festival and it will also host the Its Not Dead Festival on October 10,2015. Tina Turner performed during her Whats Love, tour on September 15,1993, the show was recorded and released as a live album, entitled Whats Love. List of contemporary amphitheaters San Manuel Amphitheater Web Site San Manuel Amphitheater Seating Chart

48.
Mountain View, California
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Mountain View is a city located in Santa Clara County, California, United States, named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains. From its origins as a stop, it grew to a large suburb with a pedestrian-friendly downtown, free wi-fi. The city borders Palo Alto and the San Francisco Bay to the north, Los Altos to the south, situated in the southern end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area, Mountain View is home to many high technology companies. In 1956, Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, the first company to develop silicon semiconductor devices in what came to be known as Silicon Valley, was established in the city by William Shockley. Today, many of the largest technology companies in the world are headquartered in the city, including Google, Mozilla Foundation, Symantec, and Intuit. The original Byte Shop computer store was opened at 1063 El Camino Real, Mountain View by Paul Terrell, the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority integrates the city with the neighboring cities of Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Sunnyvale. The Mexican land grant of Rancho Pastoria de las Borregas was given in 1842 by Alta California Governor Juan Alvarado to Francisco Estrada. This grant was passed on to Mariano Castro, who sold half of the land to Martin Murphy, Jr. Eventually. First known as the center of Fremont Twp. before the first California 1852 census. Which meant that it was a predecessor to Mayfield and Palo Alto, Mountain View Station, officially named in 1864, had its beginnings earlier as a stagecoach stop on the route between San Francisco and San Jose, including the Butterfield Overland Mail. & El Camino Real of today, was closer to what was once the town center. The early pioneers were buried at the old cemetery between Mercy & Church, off Castro Street, now the present city Library and park. Reverend Henry Merrill Henderson, born in Maryland, age 35, arrived in Spring of 1852, with his family to meet with relatives Ricketts and he was the first Baptist minister in town and soon was going by horse to Half-Moon Bay, and McCartersville for services. His next-door neighbor arrived later that year, Seligman Weilheimer and brother Samuel from Dossenheim, Baden, Germany, who built at that property, the Fremont twp. population was about 560 by 1860, less Mayfield Post office section, which began north of present San Antonio Road. The towns early growth was due to agriculture, William Bubb later being a figure, buying 80 acres to farm in October 1851. His heirs expanded and intermarried in the area, agriculture remained the primary industry into the middle of the 20th century. The U. S. Navys adjacent 1000 acre Moffet Field Complex began after 1931, after World War II, the population grew significantly with the development of the aerospace and electronics industries. Between 1950 and 1960, the population grew from 6,563 to 30,889, today, high technology is the foundation of the local economy, and there exist few remnants of the citys agricultural past

Slipknot (band)
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Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines, Iowa. The band was founded in September 1995 by percussionist Shawn Crahan, Gray died on May 24,2010, and was replaced from 2011–2014 by former guitarist Donnie Steele. Jordison left the band on December 12,2013, Steele left during the recording sessions for.5, The Gray Chapter. The band is

1.
Slipknot at the Download Festival in 2009

2.
Corey Taylor performing with Slipknot in 2011.

3.
Shawn Crahan wearing a variation of his clown mask in 2009

4.
Slipknot performing at 2008's Mayhem Festival

All Hope Is Gone World Tour
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The All Hope Is Gone World Tour was a concert tour by Slipknot that took place in 2008 and 2009 in support of the groups fourth studio album All Hope Is Gone. The tour consisted of nine legs and took place in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, the tour started with the Mayhem Festival 2008. Lawrence Upton acted as the directo

1.
A promotional poster for Slipknot's first ever appearance in Israel

2.
Shawn Crahan performing in Uniondale, New York, as part of the Mayhem Festival

4.
A plane with a banner advert for Slipknot's December tour of the UK flew above crowds at festivals at which they canceled their appearances.

Knotfest
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Knotfest is a music festival created by American metal band Slipknot. The inaugural Knotfest was a two-city event and took place on August 17,2012 in Council Bluffs, Iowa and August 18,2012 in Somerset, amongst the line up were bands such as Deftones, Lamb of God, Cannibal Corpse, and many more. On March 24,2014, it was officially announced Knotfes

1.
Knotfest

Concert
–
A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience. A recital is a concert by a soloist or small group which follows a program, a recitalist is a musician who gives frequent recitals. The invention of the piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt. The performance may be by a musician, sometimes then called a recital, or by a music

1.
A classical music concert in the Rod Laver Arena, Melbourne, Australia, 2005

4.
A Girl Scout passing out printed programs at a Municipal Band concert in Eau Claire, Wisconsin

Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding mu

1.
Judas Priest, performing in 2005

2.
Enid Williams from Girlschool and Lemmy from Motörhead singing "Please Don't Touch" live in 2009. The ties that bind the two bands started in the 1980s and are still strong today.

3.
Ritchie Blackmore, founder of Deep Purple and Rainbow, known for the neoclassical approach in his guitar performances

4.
King Diamond, known for writing conceptual lyrics about horror stories

Paul Gray (American musician)
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Paul Dedrick Gray was born in Los Angeles, California. Later his family relocated to Des Moines, Iowa and he played guitar but switched to bass after he relocated to Iowa. In his youth, Gray performed in such as Anal Blast, Vexx, Body Pit, The Have Nots. In June 2003, Gray crashed his car into another vehicle, after police were called to the scene

1.
Paul Gray performing with Slipknot in 2008.

Sonisphere Festival
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The Sonisphere Festival is a touring rock music festival which takes place across Europe between June and August. The festival is owned by John Jackson and Kilimanjaro Live and it is jointly promoted by K2 and Kilimanjaro Live. It has hosted heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, Metallica, Mötley Crüe, Slayer, Judas Priest. The idea for Sonisphere was f

Iron Maiden
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Iron Maiden are a British heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. The bands discography has grown to thirty-eight albums, including sixteen studio albums, eleven albums, four EPs. Pioneers of the new wave of British heavy metal, Iron Maiden achieved initial success during the early 198

Graspop Metal Meeting
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} Graspop Metal Meeting is an annual metal festival in Dessel, Belgium that has taken place each year since 1996. Despite the small size of the grounds the festival draws a large number of international spectators. Graspop was not originally a metal festival, rather, it was conceived as a local family Rock festival. In 1995, the headliners billed w

1.
In Flames performs at Graspop 2008

Rock in Rio
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Rock in Rio is a recurring music festival originating in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It later branched into other locations such as Lisbon, Madrid, the seventh Brazilian edition will happen from September 15 to 24,2017. In 2011, Rock in Rio returned to its location, Rio de Janeiro, with a new line-up of singers. The first edition of the festival was he

1.
Rock in Rio logo before a concert.

2.
Queen performing in 1985.

3.
The Palco Mundo (World Stage) at the Rock in Rio 4

4.
The Rock Street at the Rock in Rio 4

Metallica
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Metallica is an American heavy metal band based in San Rafael, California. The band was formed in 1981 in Los Angeles when vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield responded to an advertisement posted by drummer Lars Ulrich in a local newspaper, Metallicas current line-up comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett

1.
Metallica in London in 2008. From left to right: Kirk Hammett, Lars Ulrich, James Hetfield and Robert Trujillo.

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Metallica during the Damaged Justice tour

3.
Ulrich, pictured in London in 2008, led the case against Napster.

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Robert Trujillo, pictured in London in 2008, was announced as Metallica's new bassist on February 24, 2003.

Sepultura
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Sepultura is a Brazilian heavy metal band from Belo Horizonte. Sepultura has had changes in its lineup since its formation, with Max and Igor Cavalera departing in 1996 and 2006. Sepulturas current lineup consists of vocalist Derrick Green, guitarist Andreas Kisser, bassist Paulo Jr. since Igor Cavaleras departure in 2006, there have been no origin

1.
Sepultura at the Metalmania festival in 2007

2.
Sepultura on stage

3.
Eloy Casagrande at Nova Rock Festival 2014

4.
Andreas Kisser

Joey Jordison
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Jordison played in Slipknot since their formation in 1995 until his departure from the band in December 2013. He was the drummer and founder of the American heavy metal band Scar the Martyr which formed in 2013 and he grew up in Waukee, Iowa with his parents and two sisters, and was given his first drum kit at the age of 8. He performed in bands un

1.
Jordison in 2008

2.
Joey Jordison performing with Slipknot at 2008's Mayhem Festival.

Corey Taylor
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Taylor joined Slipknot in 1997 to replace their original vocalist, Anders Colsefni. He has released five albums with them. He has worked with bands, including Junk Beer Kidnap Band, Korn, Disturbed, Apocalyptica, Anthrax, Aaron Lewis of Staind. Taylor was ranked at number 86 in Hit Paraders Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time and he was beaten only

1.
Taylor performing with Stone Sour in 2011

2.
External video

3.
Taylor performing with Slipknot in 2011.

4.
Corey Taylor performing with Stone Sour in 2013.

Stone Sour
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Stone Sour is an American alternative metal band formed in Des Moines, Iowa in 1992, performing for five years, before disbanding in 1997. They reunited in 2000 and since 2006, the group has consisted of Corey Taylor, Josh Rand, longtime members Joel Ekman, Shawn Economaki, and Jim Root left the group in 2006,2011, and 2014 respectively. To date, S

Shawn Crahan
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Michael Shawn Crahan, more commonly known by his stage persona Clown, is an American musician, songwriter, record producer, director and photographer. He is best known as one of the two percussionists and co-founder of the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Slipknot. When performing with Slipknot, he is known by his number 6. Crahan is the remai

1.
Shawn Crahan at Mayhem Festival in 2008.

Berlin, Germany
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Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million, Berlin is the second most populous city proper, due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the area is composed of forests, parks

Mayhem Festival
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The Mayhem Festival was a touring heavy metal festival that took place during the summer. The inaugural season took place in 2008, the festival has become an annual event across the United States. Most years also include a date in either Montreal or Toronto. The tour has been sponsored by the Rockstar Energy Company since the time of its inception

1.
Mayhem Festival

Jim Root
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Root began performing with the thrash metal band Atomic Opera from Iowa in the early 1990s, not to be confused with the hard rock band Atomic Opera from Houston, Texas. Prior to joining Slipknot, he worked as a screenprinter, waiter, despite this, the song has become a staple for most of the bands live performances. Slipknot vocalist Corey Taylor i

1.
Root performing with band Stone Sour in 2013.

Athens
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Athens is the capital and largest city of Greece. In modern times, Athens is a cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime. In 2015, Athens was ranked the worlds 29th richest city by purchasing power, Athens is recognised as a global city because of its location and its importance in shipping, finance, commerce,

3.
Acropolis of Athens, with Odeon of Herodes Atticus seen on bottom left

Istanbul
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Istanbul, historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the countrys economic, cultural, and historic center. Istanbul is a city in Eurasia, straddling the Bosphorus strait between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of i

1.
Clockwise from top: View of Golden Horn between Galata and Seraglio Point including the historic areas; Maiden's Tower; a nostalgic tram on İstiklal Avenue; Levent business district with Dolmabahçe Palace; Ortaköy Mosque in front of the Bosphorus Bridge; and Hagia Sophia.

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Constantine I

3.
Remains of a Byzantine column found at Byzantium 's acropolis, located today within the Topkapı Palace complex

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Created in 1422 by Cristoforo Buondelmonti, this is the oldest surviving map of Constantinople.

Basel
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Basel is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine. Basel is Switzerlands third-most-populous city with about 175,000 inhabitants, located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany. In 2014, the Basel agglomeration was the third largest in Switzerland with a population of 537,100 in 74

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Basel, as seen from the Elisabethenkirche

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Map of Basel in 1642, engraved by Matthäus Merian, oriented with SW at the top and NE at the bottom.

3.
A panoramic view of Basel, looking North from the Münster tower over Kleinbasel (Small Basel). The blue tower in the centre, the Messeturm, was Switzerland's tallest building 2003-10; the bridge on the extreme right is the Wettsteinbrücke, Basel's second oldest bridge, but recently replaced by a new structure. The first bridge on the left is the Mittlere Brücke (Middle or Central Bridge), the oldest bridge in Basel.

4.
The synagogue of Basel

Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari
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The Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari is an auto racing circuit near the Italian town of Imola,40 kilometres east of Bologna and 80 kilometres east of the Ferrari factory in Maranello. The circuit is named after Ferraris late founder Enzo and his son Dino who had died in the 1950s, before Enzo Ferraris death in 1988 it was called Autodro

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Aerial view of the Imola circuit

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The old pitlane, June 2006.

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Imola during reconstruction, March 2007.

Dessel
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Dessel is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality comprises only the town of Dessel proper, on January 1,2013, Dessel had a total population of 9.300 inhabitants. The total area is 27.03 km² which gives a density of 325 inhabitants per km². Dessel hosts several facilities, Belgoprocess, ex Eurochemic reprocessing

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Dessel

Olympic Stadium (Moscow arena)
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Olympic Stadium, known locally as the Olimpiyskiy or Olimpiski, is a large indoor arena, located in Moscow, Russia. It was built for the 1980 Summer Olympics and, divided into two separated halls, hosted the basketball and boxing events, a part of the Olimpiyskiy Sports Complex, it makes up one architectural ensemble with another venue, constructed

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Olimpiysky

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The central court of the 2009 Kremlin Cup in the Olympic Stadium

Saint Petersburg
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Saint Petersburg is Russias second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject, situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 271703. In 1914, th

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Top left to bottom right: Peter and Paul Fortress on Zayachy Island, Smolny Cathedral, Moyka river with the General Staff Building, Trinity Cathedral, Bronze Horseman on Senate Square, and the Winter Palace.

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The Bronze Horseman, monument to Peter the Great

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Palace Square backed by the General Staff arch and building, as the main square of the Russian Empire it was the setting of many events of historic significance

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Map of Saint Petersburg, 1903

Ice Palace Saint Petersburg
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The Ice Palace is an arena in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It was built for the 2000 IIHF World Championship and opened in 2000, the Ice Palace is primarily used for ice hockey and is the home arena for SKA St. Petersburg. It hosted the IIHF European Champions Cup in 2005,2006,2007 and 2008 and it is also used for concerts, exhibitions and as a skatin

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Open-air recreation areas

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Ice Palace

Helsinki
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Helsinki is the capital and largest city of Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Helsinki has a population of 629,512, a population of 1,231,595. Helsinki is located some 80 kilometres north of Tallinn, Estonia,400 km east of Stockholm, Sweden, Helsinki has close historical connections w

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Clockwise from top: Helsinki Cathedral, view of central Helsinki, Headquarters of Sanoma, Helsinki city centre at night, beaches at Aurinkolahti, Parliament House and Suomenlinna.

Stockholm
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The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC. It is also the capital of Stockholm County, Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The St

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Detail of engraving of Stockholm from Suecia antiqua et hodierna by Erik Dahlberg and Willem Swidde, printed in 1693.

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Panorama over Stockholm around 1868 as seen from a hot air balloon

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Kungsträdgården in Stockholm around 1890–1900

Stevenage
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Stevenage /ˈstiːvənᵻdʒ/ is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England. It is situated to the east of junctions 7 and 8 of the A1, Stevenage is roughly 32.9 miles north of central London. Its population has increased significantly over the last century, the population was 1,430 in 1801,4,049 in 1901,79,715 in 2001 and 83,957 in 2011. The largest i

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Stevenage Town Centre

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The tiled mosaic on Stevenage Clock Tower, showing the intent of the Development Plan for housing, industry and leisure.

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Middle Row, Stevenage Old Town

Knebworth House
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Knebworth House is a country house in the civil parish of Knebworth in Hertfordshire, England. It is a Grade II* listed building, into the present Tudor Gothic structure. In 1913-1914 it was leased for ₤3,000 per year by Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia and its most famous resident was Edward Bulwer-Lytton, the Victorian author, dramatist

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Knebworth House

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Lhytton Mausoleum

Rio de Janeiro
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Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas. The metropolis is anchor to the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area, Rio de Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazils third-most populous state. Part of the city has designated as a World Heritage Site, na

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View of Rio de Janeiro from the church of the monastery of São Bento, c. 1825.

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Botafogo Bay in 1869.

Soundwave (Australian music festival)
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Soundwave was an annual music festival held in major cities around Australia. The festival originated in Perth, Western Australia and began travelling to the other Australian capital cities in 2007 and it features a number of international and Australian music acts, from various genres including rock, metal and punk. The festival was run and promot

Brisbane
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Brisbane is the capital of and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland, and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbanes metropolitan area has a population of 2.35 million, the Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, about 15 kilometr

RNA Showgrounds
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The historic Brisbane Showgrounds is located at 600 Gregory Terrace, Bowen Hills, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia and was established in 1875. It hosts almost 300 events each year, with the largest being the Royal Queensland Show, the Brisbane Showgrounds was designed by Claude William Chambers and built by Walls & Juster. It was added to the Queen

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Brisbane Exhibition Ground

Sydney
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Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first B

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The Sydney Opera House and CBD at dusk from Jeffrey Street, Kirribilli in December 2008

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A Direct North General View of Sydney Cove, by convict artist Thomas Watling in 1794

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Sydney Cove from Dawes Point, 1817

Sydney Olympic Park, New South Wales
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Sydney Olympic Park is a large sporting, cultural and leisure complex in western Sydney. It is also a suburb of Sydney, commonly known as Olympic Park. Sydney Olympic Park is located 16 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, the area was redeveloped for the 2000 Olympics. The suburb also contains commercial development and extensi

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ANZ Stadium

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Olympic Cauldron converted into a water fountain

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Apartment building at Sydney Olympic Park

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2000 Olympic tennis

Sydney Entertainment Centre
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Sydney Entertainment Centre was a multi-purpose arena located in Haymarket, Sydney, Australia. It opened in May 1983, to replace Sydney Stadium, which had been demolished in 1970 to make way for the Eastern Suburbs railway line, the centre was owned by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, which administered the neighbouring Darling Harbour area,

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Sydney Entertainment Centre

Melbourne
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Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon

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"Canvas Town", South Melbourne in the 1850s depicting temporary accommodation for the thousands who poured into Melbourne each week during the gold rush.

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Lithograph of the Royal Exhibition Building, built to host the Melbourne International Exhibition of 1880

Rod Laver Arena
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Rod Laver Arena is a multipurpose arena located within Melbourne Park, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The arena is the venue for the Australian Open, a tennis Grand Slam event since 1988. Replacing the aging Kooyong Stadium, construction on the began in 1985 and was completed in 1987 at a cost of AU$94 million. It opened on 11 January 1988 for

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The venue at night, viewed from Batman Avenue, c. 2006

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Interior of arena during the 2015 Australian Open

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Rod Laver Arena at night in the 2013 Australian Open

Melbourne Showgrounds
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Melbourne Showgrounds is located in the inner north-western suburb of Ascot Vale, Victoria, Australia, next door to Flemington Racecourse. The venue has also been the site for TV and film production and is the current filming location for MasterChef Australia. It has previously used for large music festivals – as of 2010. The 30-acre site at Ascot

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The grand pavilion is the heart of Melbourne Showgrounds

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Aerial photo of the Royal Melbourne Showgrounds before World War II

Adelaide
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Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. In June 2016, Adelaide had a resident population of 1,326,354 million. South Australia, with a total of 1, the demonym Adelaidean is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaid

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From top to bottom, left to right: Central Adelaide from Mount Lofty, the UniSA Building on North Terrace, St Peter's Cathedral, the beachside suburb of Glenelg, a rotunda in Elder Park, and Victoria Square illuminated in the evening

Bonython Park
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Bonython Park is a 17-hectare park in the West Parklands of the South Australian capital of Adelaide. The park was opened in 1962 and named in honour of prominent South Australian politician and journalist and it is the largest single park of the Parklands, and it is situated on north-western side of the River Torrens bordered by Port Road. It is i

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A summer picnic in Bonython Park

Perth
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Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It is the fourth-most populous city in Australia, with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth. The first areas settled were on the Swan River, with the central business district. Perth was founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the centre of the

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Perth's skyline, viewed from South Perth.

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The Foundation of Perth 1829 by George Pitt Morison is a historically accurate reconstruction of the official ceremony by which Perth was founded.

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Perth looking across the Perth train station c. 1955

Claremont Showgrounds
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The Claremont Showgrounds near Perth, Western Australia are home to the annual Perth Royal Show. In 1902,32 acres of land were reserved in the Perth suburb of Claremont for new showgrounds to replace the Guildford Showgrounds, the Royal Agricultural Show, of three days, was first held there in October and November 1905. In 1929 a pavilion and other

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Claremont Showgrounds

San Bernardino, California
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San Bernardino /ˈsæn ˌbɜːrnɑːrˈdiːnoʊ/ is a city located in the Riverside-San Bernardino metropolitan area. It serves as the county seat of San Bernardino County, California, as one of the Inland Empires anchor cities, San Bernardino spans 81 square miles on the floor of the San Bernardino Valley and has a population of 209,924 as of the 2010 censu

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Downtown San Bernardino

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San Bernardino, 1852

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A view of "E" Street (or "D" Street?) and the Stewart Hotel, San Bernardino, ca.1905

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San Bernardino, California, city and village, 1909.

San Manuel Amphitheater
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The San Manuel Amphitheater is a 65, 000-capacity amphitheater located in the hills of Glen Helen Regional Park in San Bernardino, California. It is the largest outdoor music venue in the United States, the orchestra, box, and loge sections seat a combined 10,902 people, while the lawn section seats 54,098. It was constructed in 1982, when Steve Wo

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San Manuel Amphitheater

Mountain View, California
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Mountain View is a city located in Santa Clara County, California, United States, named for its views of the Santa Cruz Mountains. From its origins as a stop, it grew to a large suburb with a pedestrian-friendly downtown, free wi-fi. The city borders Palo Alto and the San Francisco Bay to the north, Los Altos to the south, situated in the southern

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City Hall and the Center for the Performing Arts in the Downtown area

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The Historic Adobe Building was constructed as a Works Progress Administration project in 1934.

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The Phillip Darrell Duppa adobe house was built in 1870 and is the oldest known house in Phoenix. The homestead of "Lord" Darrell Duppa, an Englishman who is credited with naming Phoenix and Tempe as well as founding the town of New River.

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A panorama of the Orchard RTD station (located in Greenwood Village) as viewed from the east side of Interstate 25. The view includes part of the pedestrian bridge that provides access to the other side of the freeway from the station.

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Top to bottom, left to right: Downtown Dallas skyline, Old Red Museum, NorthPark Center, Dallas City Hall, Dallas Museum of Art, Winspear Opera House, Perot Museum of Nature and Science, State Fair of Texas at Fair Park, Dallas Union Station, the Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden, and the American Airlines Center

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From top to bottom left to right: Atlanta skyline seen from Buckhead, the Fox Theatre, the Georgia State Capitol, Centennial Olympic Park, Millennium Gate, the Canopy Walk, the Georgia Aquarium, The Phoenix statue, and the Midtown skyline

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Marietta Street, 1864

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Atlanta in ruins during the Civil War, 1864

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In 1907, Peachtree Street, the main street of Atlanta, was busy with streetcars and automobiles.

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From top left: Downtown Toronto featuring the CN Tower and Financial District from the Toronto Harbour, City Hall, the Ontario Legislative Building, Casa Loma, Prince Edward Viaduct, and the Scarborough Bluffs

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Clockwise from top: Downtown Montreal as seen from the Champlain Bridge; McGill University; Saint Joseph's Oratory; the Old Montreal featuring the Montreal Clock Tower and the Jacques Cartier Bridge during the Montreal Fireworks Festival; a view of the Notre-Dame Basilica from Place d'Armes; and the Olympic Stadium.