The Face-to-Face Still-Face (FFSF) paradigm allows to study the mother-infant dyad as a dynamic system coping with social stress perturbations. The State Space Grid (SSG) method is thought to depict both flexibility and stability of the dyad across perturbations, but previous SSG evidence for the FFSF is limited. The main ...

To investigate the developmental emergence of the perception of the multisensory coherence of native and non-native audiovisual fluent speech, we tested 4-, 8- to 10-, and 12- to 14-month-old English-learning infants. Infants first viewed two identical female faces articulating two different monologues in silence and then in the presence of ...

Disruption of the gut microbiome has been associated with overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Recently, it has been reported that Caesarean section disrupts the normal gut microbiome of neonates. As such, these data have raised the intriguing possibility that CS could lead to an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile ...

James William H WH The Galton Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London. Electronic address: - - 2014

A cause is proposed for several forms of reproductive suboptimality (viz foetal loss, preterm birth and low birth weight). The point is illustrated here in the case of miscarriage. I suggest that all these forms of reproductive suboptimality are partially caused by high levels of stress-related maternal adrenal androgens. The ...

Previous studies have shown that infant-directed speech (IDS) differs from adult-directed speech (ADS) on a variety of dimensions. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether acoustic differences between IDS and ADS in English are modulated by prosodic structure. We compared vowels across the two registers (IDS, ADS) ...

Using both traditional composites and novel profiles of anger, we examined associations between infant anger and preschool behavior problems in a large, longitudinal data set (N = 966). We also tested the role of life stress as a moderator of the link between early anger and the development of behavior ...

Infants with severe chronic lung disease (sCLD) may require surgical procedures to manage their medical problems; however, the scope of these interventions is undefined. The purpose of this study was to characterize the frequency, type, and timing of operative interventions performed in hospitalized infants with sCLD. The Children's Hospital Neonatal ...

Preterm infants experience intense stress during the perinatal period because they endure painful and intense medical procedures. Repeated activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during this period may have long-term effects on subsequent cortisol regulation. A premature delivery may also be intensely stressful for the parents, and they may develop ...

Objective : To examine the birth prevalence, gender distribution, and pattern of surgical intervention for clefts in Canada (1998 to 2007). Also to highlight the difficulties associated with studying the epidemiology of clefts using the current data collection mechanisms. Methods : Epidemiologic data acquired from the Canadian Institute for Health ...

Choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) is a highly vascular tumor of infancy. Reducing blood loss is the key to successful surgical removal of CPPs. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is efficacious in reducing bleeding in craniofacial surgery for infants. This report demonstrates the potential utility of TXA for decreasing blood loss in the ...

To analyse the outcomes of fetuses with congenital heart disease between 2000 and 2005 in comparison to a previous multicentre study regarding the period 1983-1996. Data of seven centres were prospectively collected, the inclusion criteria being a confirmed fetal diagnosis after birth or at autopsy and a known follow-up, for ...

To describe the characteristics and surgical outcome of 98 infants and children treated for an acquired laryngeal stenosis after intubation for respiratory support. We retrospectively reviewed our data from the last 18 years (1994-2013) concerning infants and children with an acquired laryngotracheal stenosis who were treated in our hospital with ...

Kim Soo-Hong SH Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, - - 2014

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is rare mesenchymal solid tumor that consists of proliferating myofibroblasts with an inflammatory infiltrate background. It has a very low prevalence in infants and occurs mainly in children and young adults. IMT are mainly located in the thoracic cavity, but intra-abdominal lesions are rare. IMT can ...

Objective:To determine the effectiveness of paracetamol in closing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants of our population.Study Design:Infants with symptomatic PDA who failed or could not get ibuprofen treatment, and who were candidates for surgical ligation, were administered oral paracetamol 15 mgkg(-1) every 6h, for up to 7 days ...

Raheja Amol A Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, - - 2014

Intracranial tuberculoma in infants are a rare occurrence. We report a 7-month-old male infant presenting to our tertiary care referral center with complaints of global developmental delay and right hemiparesis for 3 months. Radiologic imaging was suggestive of large left frontoinsular space-occupying lesion with initial differential of primitive neuroectodermal tumor ...

Gestational age at birth is a potentially important modifiable risk factor in neonates with congenital heart disease. We evaluated the relationship between gestational age and outcomes in a multicenter cohort of neonates undergoing cardiac surgery, focusing on those born at early term (i.e., 37-38 weeks gestation). Neonates in the Society ...

During chemotherapy for bilineal leukemia, a 6-month-old infant presented with a necrotizing skin and soft-tissue infection of the chest wall due to Rhizopus sp. Successful outcome was achieved by systemically administered liposomal amphotericin B and local wound control with the novel administration of topical deoxycholate amphotericin B and surgical resection.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate prognostic factors associated with surgical ligation for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in extremely preterm infants born at the limits of viability. Ninety infants who were born at 23-25 weeks of gestation and who received surgical ligation were included and their cases were ...

Congenital anomalies pose many challenges during anesthesia due to anatomic and physiological alterations. The inherent complications associated with the disorders necessitate vigilance for providing anesthesia to even seemingly simple surgical intervention. Here, we share our experience of anesthesia management of an infant of congenital osteogenesis imperfecta with pyloric stenosis for ...

Observational studies have associated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation in preterm infants with increased chronic lung disease (CLD), retinopathy of prematurity, and neurodevelopmental impairment at long-term follow-up. Although the biological rationale for this association is incompletely understood, there is an emerging secular trend toward a permissive approach to the PDA. ...

Little is known about thermoregulation of the newborn while bonding on the mother's chest immediately after cesarean delivery. Newborn hypothermia is associated with serious complications and should be avoided. Therefore, we evaluated whether newborns develop hypothermia during intraoperative bonding while positioned on their mothers' chests and investigated the effects of ...

Amyand's hernia with acute appendicitis is rare in infants and is mostly delayed in diagnosis and treatment, resulting in a high morbidity. We presented two cases of infantile Amyand's hernia with acute appendicitis. Early surgical interventions were performed and both patients recovered without complication. A practical strategy for this entity ...

Non-toxic adenomatous multinodular goiter in infants is a rare condition. We discuss an extremely rare case of a non-toxic adenomatous multinodular goiter in a three-month-old female presenting with airway obstruction. Surgical resection of the mass was performed to reduce the burden on the airway and for diagnosis. The literature is ...

Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) has been shown to be well-tolerated and efficacious in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis in healthy infants. Safety and immunogenicity of RV5 in infants with surgical gastrointestinal disease have not been studied. Evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of RV5 in infants with a history of congenital or acquired ...

Surgical interventions are common in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Despite our awareness of the broad impact of surgical site infection (SSI), there are little data in neonates. Our objective was to determine the rate and clinical impact of SSI in infants admitted to the NICU. ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictiveness of circulating interleukin (IL)-8 for 60-day mortality in premature infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). NEC affects up to 5% of premature infants and remains a leading cause of mortality among neonates. A total of 113 infants with surgically (n=50) or ...

A newborn infant with a prenatal diagnosis of duodenal atresia and abdominal radiographs demonstrating air in distal bowel is presented. An upper gastrointestinal series revealed complete duodenal obstruction and duodenal atresia was confirmed at surgery. The significance of distal bowel gas and the embryological development of this unusual entity is ...

To evaluate outcomes in critically ill neonates with necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) undergoing a laparotomy in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This is a retrospective review of neonates diagnosed with NEC who underwent a laparotomy on NICU between 2001 and 2011. Demographic, diagnostic, operative and outcome data were analysed. Nonparametric ...

Traumatic airway perforation during endotracheal intubation is an uncommon but life-threatening complication in preterm infants. Death usually occurs at the time of the injury, but in rare cases where the infant survives the initial resuscitation, therapeutic options include conservative versus surgical management. We describe three cases of airway perforation treated ...

Tongue tie is an increasingly common cause for referral of infants to our general paediatric surgery service. In this article, we will explore the indications for tongue tie division in the newborn child, the practicalities of the procedure and the supporting evidence.

Congenital nasal piriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is an uncommon but important cause of nasal obstruction in infants. When it is severe, nasal decongestants or temporary nasal airway devices cannot address the problem adequately. The most common surgical technique used to treat the bony piriform aperture stenosis is the sublabial approach ...

Gastroschisis is a common congenital abdominal wall defect requiring surgical correction in early neonatal life. The time to full enteral feeds among infants with gastroschisis is variable. Gastroschisis remains a common surgical cause of intestinal failure in neonates. Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are commonly used to provide long-term venous ...

Infant temperament predicts a range of developmental and behavioral outcomes throughout childhood. Both maternal fatty acid intake and psychosocial stress exposures during pregnancy may influence infant temperament. Furthermore, maternal race may modify prenatal diet and stress effects. The goals of this study are to examine the joint effects of prenatal ...

Anomalous origin of one pulmonary artery from the aorta (AOPA) is a rare congenital anomaly. Here, we report the case of a premature infant with a delayed diagnosis of AOPA who died before surgical repair could be attempted, and we review the literature regarding the diagnosis and surgical approaches in ...

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (ScFN) is an uncommon and transient disease characterized by defined areas of fat necrosis and overlying cutaneous nodule lesions. It usually becomes apparent within the first six weeks of life in full term or post-term infants. It's caused by generalized and/or local tissue hypoperfusion. ...

Infants undergoing cardiac surgery often have postoperative bleeding contributing to the occurrence of adverse events. A quantitative evaluation of postoperative bleeding has not been well described. We identified 1071 infants who had undergone cardiopulmonary bypass from August 1, 2008 to December 31, 2011. The volume of postoperative bleeding and its ...

Thymolipomas are benign neoplasms that usually occur in adults and are rarely described in children. They are usually detected incidentally but can be of massive size and lead to respiratory compromise. A 6-month-old boy presented with respiratory distress and an anterior mediastinal mass which proved to be a thymolipoma. He ...

The anatomical defect in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) can usually be closed primarily but prosthetic patch repair may be required in newborns with a deficient diaphragm. High rates of patch failure and hernia recurrence (up to 50 per cent) have been reported. This study evaluated contemporary outcomes following patch repair ...

Sochet Anthony A AA 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, United States of - - 2013

Infants with critical congenital heart disease who require cardiothoracic surgical intervention may have significant post-operative mortality and morbidity. Infants who are small for gestational age <10th percentile with foetal growth restriction may have end-organ dysfunction that may predispose them to increased morbidity or mortality. A single-institution retrospective review was performed ...

Aim: Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a severe congenital malformation with life-long implications. This article discusses the current surgical management and describes the development of the nationally commissioned bladder exstrophy service in Manchester, UK. Outcome of BE surgery in Manchester was retrospectively reviewed. A Medline search was also undertaken and the ...

Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 26 preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or spontaneous intestinal perforation at term equivalent age. Infants with surgical NEC or spontaneous intestinal perforation had significantly more brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging compared with infants with medical NEC, even after adjustment ...

A male infant with dysmorphic features, intestinal malrotation, and developmental delay was found to have a germline translocation resulting in partial trisomy 2p and monosomy 16p. At 3 and 9 months of age, he developed localized neuroblastoma in each adrenal, which was managed with surgical resection. Tumors were MYCN non-amplified, ...

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are now being used in children. ICDs can be used to prevent sudden cardiac death caused by not only congenital heart defects, but also various non-structural diseases, such as long QT syndrome. However, a standard implantation technique for children, especially infants, has not yet been established. ...

This review article focuses on neonatal respiratory physiology, mechanical ventilation of the neonate and changes induced by anesthesia and surgery. Optimal ventilation techniques for preterm and term neonates are discussed. In summary, neonates are at high risk for respiratory complications during anesthesia, which can be explained by their characteristic respiratory ...

Most studies have not demonstrated improved survival after prenatal diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). However, the effect of delivery near a cardiac surgical center (CSC), the recommended action after prenatal diagnosis, on HLHS mortality has been poorly investigated. Using Texas Birth Defects Registry ...