The Math extension tries to deliver MathML output, with fallback to SVG or PNG images respectively.
Depending on the capabilities of the device you are using, the sort of output is chosen.
Basic math support works for all browsers. However, for optimal rendering specific tuning may be needed:

Done – Navigate to Special:Version on your wiki to verify that the extension is successfully installed.

You should additionally go to the page Special:MathStatus to see whether all of the components of the Math extension now work.
For any problems you see, the best option is to create a task on https://phabricator.wikimedia.org

Unfortunately, there is no well tested guide on installing Mathoid and RESTBase to work with the Math extension, but there is at least a working draft.
Extension:Math/Restbase please contribute.

The setting $wgMathValidModes holds an array with the names of output modes that can be used for rendering.
If multiple modes are enabled, logged-in users can set a personal preference in the appearance pane of their user preferences page.

You can also use the $wgDefaultUserOptions setting to set which of these modes should be the default, e.g.:

For MW 1.23 and higher, you can use a Mathoid server that uses MathJax to convert texvc input on the server side to MathML+SVG rendering.
This is the most recommended option; Mathoid is the rendering mode that will be used on Wikipedia in the future.

To use Mathoid's CLI interface, which is possibly easier to set up and resulting in less permanent memory consumption, while degrading performance, the following settings are recommended:

// Set MathML as default rendering option$wgDefaultUserOptions['math']='mathml';// Please create a config.yaml in advance. Templates are in the Mathoid repository.$wgMathoidCli=['/path/to/mathoid/cli.js','-c','/path/to/mathoid/config.yaml'];// Raise MediaWiki's memory limit to 1.2G for mathoid.$wgMaxShellMemory=1228800;

If you run MediaWiki under system containing SELinux and you get Mathoid cli '/path/to/mathoid/cli.js' is not executable message from the error log, you can run

This is the mode that requires the most setup work, since at least the texvc utility has to be installed for it to work, and ideally texvccheck as well.
See Installing texvc for how to install both of these.

Option to disable the tex filter. If set to true any LaTeX expression is parsed this can be a potential security risk. If set to false only a subset of the TeX commands is allowed. See the wikipedia page Help:Math for details. Use "always" to disable this feature.

$wgMathFullRestbaseURL

false

The math extension gets the default config from the Visual Editor, if available. Details[dead link].

If something is wrong with the math extension you can report that at Phabricator. In addition you should check how your problem relates to the automated unit tests that are generated from the page CoverageTest.

This extension is being used on one or more Wikimedia projects. This probably means that the extension is stable and works well enough to be used by such high-traffic websites. Look for this extension's name in Wikimedia's CommonSettings.php and InitialiseSettings.php configuration files to see where it's installed. A full list of the extensions installed on a particular wiki can be seen on the wiki's Special:Version page.