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1 Editorial Team Jean Vinten Helen Tsismetzis Foteini Bakarou Sofia Simeonidou Vicky Nash Maria Ioannou ISBN Super Course System Aegaleo Strovolos Nicosia, Cyprus Grammar Theory & Exercises Writing Projects All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publisher. Vocabulary Revision

5 Remember 1 Articles A / AN THE ZERO ARTICLE όταν μιλάμε γενικά για κάτι: Ηe wants to buy a car. εκφράσεις μετρήσεων, ταχύτητας ή συχνότητας: a thousand, a million, fifty kilometres an hour, once a week, twice a month / a year ιδιότητα, επάγγελμα, θρησκεία: He s a student / an actor. She s a Catholic. όταν μιλάμε για κάτι συγκεκριμένο: The people of this village work on farms. κύρια ονόματα πληθυντικού (οικογένειες, οροσειρές, νησιά, ενωμένα κράτη): the Smiths, the Alps, the Bahamas, the UK,... ωκεανοί, θάλασσες, ποτάμια: the Pacific ocean, the Aegean, the Thames μουσικά όργανα: the guitar, the violin... μοναδικά πράγματα: the Sun, the Moon δεκαετίες, αιώνες: the 1960s, the 16th century επίθετα (αναφορά στο σύνολο): the poor, the old and the young, the homeless,... ουσιαστικά ενικού (αναφορά στο σύνολο): The dolphin is a sea mammal. κύρια ονόματα προσώπων, τόπων, λιμνών: Mary, Tom, Europe, Greece, Athens, Lake Michigan,... παιχνίδια, μαθήματα, αθλήματα, γλώσσες, γεύματα: Monopoly, history, English, basketball, breakfast / lunch... αφηρημένες έννοιες: freedom, nature... μεταφορικά μέσα: by car, by train, by bus... But: on foot εκφράσεις όπως: watch TV, listen to music, go home, go to bed / school / church / hospital / work... ουσιαστικά πληθυντικού (αναφορά στο σύνολο): Dolphins are mammals. 1. Choose and circle. 1. Garry is moving to UK with his family. a. - b. the 2. Jane is doctor at the local hospital. a. a b I have to go to work very early tomorrow. a. the b Will you go to work by car or on foot? a. the b I have computer lessons twice week. a. a b. the 6. Fiona is a musician. She plays piano. a. - b. the 7. Who was the man who first stepped on Moon? a. - b. the 8. We ll go hiking on Mount Olympus this weekend. a. the b Browns live to the house next to us. a. The b My sister wants to find apartment in the city centre. a. the b. an 2. Fill in with a, an, the or -. the 1. Jeff reads local newspaper every day What does your dad do? - He s an architect. 3. We attend karate lessons twice a week. 4. The children s favourite game is - football. 5. We must help the homeless of our city. 6. She always listens to - music after school. 7. Maria is the person to ask for advice. 8. The Beatles were a famous group of the 1960s. 9. I ve been to the USA twice in my life. 10. The children always go to - bed early. 11. He usually goes to - work by - bus. 12. Does your brother play the violin? Everest is the highest mountain in the world. 14. What time are we meeting for - lunch? 15. Don t drive over 50 kilometres an hour here. 16. The lion is the king of the jungle Whales/whales are large sea mammals. 18. Albert is a high school student. twice the fun 4 5

6 Too & Enough Το too μπαίνει πριν από επίθετο ή επίρρημα. Η υπερβολή που εκφράζει έχει αρνητικές συνέπειες. The milk is too hot. > I can t drink it. Ted is walking too slowly. > He might be late for school. Σημείωση: το too συνδυάζεται και με τα ποσοτικά επίθετα much / little και many / few δείχνοντας υπερβολικά μεγάλη ή μικρή ποσότητα. There s too much / too little salt in the food. Freda s got too many / too few clothes. Το enough μπαίνει μετά από επίθετο ή επίρρημα. Έχει θετική σημασία. Dave is fast enough. > He can win the race. Julie works quickly enough. > She can finish on time. Tο enough μπαίνει πριν από ουσιαστικά. Tania s got enough time. She can visit her relatives. Όταν το enough μπαίνει μετά από ρήμα σε άρνηση, δείχνει ότι κάτι δε φτάνει και χρειάζεται κι άλλο. The water is not warm enough. I can t have a shower. Τα too και (not) enough ακολουθούνται κάποιες φορές από to + verb (full infinitive). Sophie s too young to enter the club. He hasn t got enough experience to get the job. Όταν χρειάζεται να διευκρινίσουμε το υποκείμενο του ρήματος, πριν το to + verb βάζουμε: for + πρόσωπο. This text is too difficult for me to understand. Ross lives close enough for us to go there on foot. Note: Tο very μπαίνει πριν από adjective ή adverb για έμφαση χωρίς αρνητικές συνέπειες. Sonia was very rude but she apologised. Ben walked very slowly but he wasn t late for school. 3. Fill in with too, very or enough. 4. Rewrite the sentences with too or too enough (for sb) and the words given. 1. He can t win the race. He s slow. 2. Amy s not strong enough to lift the box. 3. Melina works very carefully. 4. I can t make a cake. I don t have enough flour. 5. He can t reach the shelf. It s too high. 6. Jo isn t talented enough to win the prize. 7. This text is too difficult for me to understand. 8. Kate s too fat. She needs to go on a diet. 9. We don t have enough time. We ll be late. 10. I m very hungry but there s nothing to eat. 1. Ken can t eat all the food. (much) There is too much food for Ken to eat. 2. Sue can drive a car now. (old) Sue is old enough to drive a car now. 3. I don t want to read this book. (interesting) The book isn t interesting enough (for me) to read. 4. We can t go to the beach. (cold) It s too cold (for us) to go to the beach. 5. She won t go out tonight. (tired) She s too tired to go out tonight. Question Words who whose what which where when why how how much how many how long how often how + adj. how + adv. WH-QUESTIONS Who broke the vase? Whose is this ball? / Whose ball is this? What was her name? Which car is his? / Which (one) is his car? Where did they go? When will I see you again? Why didn t you come with us? HOW-QUESTIONS How was last night s party? How much time do we have? How many brothers have you got? How long have you been working here? How often do you go out? How big is your house? How fast can you drive? 5. Fill in with the correct question words. Where 1. - will you spend your holidays? - In Rome How long have you been waiting here? - Almost 30 minutes Whose is this jacket? - It s Larry s Which shoes do you like? - The brown pair How was the maths test? - Very difficult Why did you lie to me? - I didn t want to hurt you What are you doing tonight? - I don t know yet How often do they visit their grandparents? - Twice a month Who phoned you this morning? - Bill When will she finish the project? - In a couple of days. 6 twice the fun 4

9 Some, Any, No, Every Με τις λέξεις some, any, no και every σχηματίζονται compound words (σύνθετες λέξεις). some any * no every someone (κάποιος) somebody (κάποιος) something (κάτι) somewhere (κάπου) 4. anyone (κανείς) anybody (κανείς) anything (τίποτα) anywhere (πουθενά) no-one (κανείς) nobody (κανείς) nothing (τίποτα) nowhere (πουθενά) Fill in with the compounds of some, any, every or no. everyone (όλοι) everybody (όλοι) everything (όλα) everywhere (παντού) * any: σε ερωτήσεις και αρνητικές προτάσεις There isn t anyone here. But: There is no-one here. 1. Did anyone/anybody call me this morning? 6. We ve got nothing to do. Let s go out. 2. I m sure my glasses are somewhere here. 7. There s something I want to talk to you 3. I asked where he was from, but no-one / nobody knew. about. 4. She took everything in the house and left. 8. Are you going anywhere on holiday this year? 5. I ve looked everywhere for my keys but I can t find 9. Is there anything I can do to help? them. 10. Can I stay here? I have nowhere to go. Have got vs Have Παρατήρησε τις διαφορές στον σχηματισμό των ρημάτων have got και have: I have / ve got you have / ve got he has / s got she has / s got it has / s got we have / ve got you have / ve got they have / ve got Have I got? Have you got? Has he got? Has she got? Has it got? Have we got? Have you got? Have they got? I haven t got you haven t got he hasn t got she hasn t got it hasn t got we haven t got you haven t got they haven t got AFFIRMATIVE I have you have he has she has it has we have you have they have INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE Do I have? Do you have? Does he have? Does she have? Does it have? Do we have? Do you have? Do they have? I don t have you don t have he doesn t have she doesn t have it doesn t have we don t have you don t have they don t have Short Answers - Have you got a car? - Yes, I have. / - No, I haven t. - Has she got a pet? - Yes, she has. / - No, she hasn t. 5. Choose and circle. 1. Our neighbour a big yard in front of his house. a. have got b. has 2. you dinner at 8.00 every day? a. Have got b. Do have 3. she a new apartment in the centre? a. Does has b. Has got 4. - Do they have a serious problem? - Yes, they. a. do b. have 5. I tea for breakfast. I prefer coffee. a. don t have b. haven t got - Do you have a car? - Yes, I do. / - No, I don t. - Does she have a pet? - Yes, she does. / - No, she doesn t. Note: Τα ρήματα have got και have εκτός από διαφορές στον σχηματισμό τους έχουν διαφορές και στο νόημα. have got = έχω They ve got a big house. have = έχω / τρώω / πίνω / κάνω They have a big house. / He has lunch at 2:00. I have some coffee in the morning. / He has a shower every night. 6. He any free time at the weekend. a. hasn t b. doesn t have 7. My sister a fruit salad for dinner in the evening. a. has b. has got 8. - Has Julia got a good job? - No, she. a. hasn t b. doesn t 9. a good excuse for being late? a. Have you b. Do you have 10. Rita many friends at school. a. hasn t b. doesn t have twice the fun 4 9

10 a lot of / lots of / plenty of - much - many Το a lot of, lots of και plenty of + μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά / μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά που είναι στον πληθυντικό χρησιμοποιούνται κυρίως σε καταφατικές προτάσεις. I have a lot of / lots of / plenty of things to do. Ben s got a lot of / lots of / plenty of money. Σε σύντομες απαντήσεις, ΔΕΝ βάζουμε το of. - Are there any sandwiches left? - Yes, a lot / lots / plenty. Note: Το very χαρακτηρίζει επίθετο ή επίρρημα και δεν μπαίνει ποτέ πριν από ουσιαστικό. She s very sweet. / He can work very fast. - Is she angry? - Yes, very. / - No, not very.! Thanks a lot! But: Thank you very much! Tο much + μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά xρησιμοποιείται κυρίως σε ερωτηματικές και αρνητικές προτάσεις. - Have you got much money? - No, not much. We haven t got much homework. There isn t much juice. Με το How much ρωτάμε για μη μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά. How much water do you drink? How much milk is there in the bottle? Tο many + μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά που είναι στον πληθυντικό xρησιμοποιείται κυρίως σε ερωτηματικές και αρνητικές προτάσεις. - Were there many people? - No, not many. There aren t many facilities in my village. Με το How many ρωτάμε για μετρήσιμα ουσιαστικά που είναι στον πληθυντικό. - How many chairs will we need? - Two. - How many people came to the party? - Ten. 6. Fill in with a lot (of), lots of, much or many. much 1. Let s go! We don t have time. 2. There are a lot of / lots of tourist attractions in London. 3. There aren t many fish in the aquarium Here s your coffee, sir! - Thanks a lot. 5. Sam hasn t got much experience. He can t do the job. 6. I saw a lot of / lots of sights while I was in New York. 7. Unfortunately, there aren t many pandas left. 8. There isn t much tea in the pot. 7. Fill in with plenty, very, not much or not many Were there many people at the party? - Yes, plenty Is there any wine in the bottle? - No, not much Has Helen got many friends? - No, not many Is Ned a rich businessman? - Yes, very Have you got much work today? - Yes, plenty Is she still angry with me? - Yes, very. 8. Fill in with How much or How many. How many 1. books are there on the shelf? 2. How much butter do we need for the cake? 3. How many children have you got? 4. How many tricks does your dog know? 5. How much money is there in your wallet? 6. How much sugar do you take in your tea? 9. Choose and circle. 1. Were there tourists at the resort? a. much b. many c. plenty 2. I couldn t find information. a. very b. a lot of c. much 3. There was of food at the party. a. much b. plenty c. lot 4. Hamburgers aren t healthy. a. very b. a lot of c. much 5. I don t earn money. a. plenty b. many c. much 6. - Were there many people at the concert? - Yes,. a. lots b. plenty of c. lots of 7. How students are there in your class? a. much b. many c. a lot of 8. I m sorry about what happened. a. very b. much c. a lot 9. There s sunshine in Greece. a. plenty of b. a lot c. much 10. visitors attended the local festival. a. A lots of b. Lot of c. Lots of 10 twice the fun 4

11 Prepositions of Time at in on at two o clock at noon / midday / night at breakfast / lunch / dinner at the moment / the weekend! at Christmas / Easter in the thirteenth century in 1984, in (the) summer in the morning / the evening in May, in October in five hours / twenty minutes on Wednesday on Friday morning on 3 rd February / New Year s Eve on a hot / cold day on my birthday 10. Fill in with on, in or at. in 1. Chris usually goes surfing the summer. 2. Mum cooks turkey at Christmas. 3. Jean is taking a trip to Peru in September. 4. Uncle Bob s arriving on Monday morning. 5. He works on his project at weekends. 6. They got married in We have our lunch break at noon. 8. Isn t he busy at the moment? 9. Our wedding anniversary is on 11 th of June. 10. Van Gogh was born in the nineteenth century. 11. They first met on a warm summer s day. 12. We re having a party on New Year s Eve. Prepositions of Place & Movement in (για εσωτερικό κλειστών χώρων / τοποθεσίες) in the garden / house in bed, in class in France, in the UK / USA in London on (για μεταφορικά μέσα / επιφάνειες) on the bus / train / plane on the beach / coast on this floor / the farm on page ten 11. Choose and circle. at (για συγκεκριμένα σημεία, κτίρια, περιβάλλοντα) at the bus stop, at the corner at the station / cinema / theatre at home, at school, at work at the party to (για κίνηση / κατεύθυνση) I m going... to France, to the UK to the cinema... to bed, to work, to school to the beach, to the party 1. Dad s on / in the vegetable garden planting tomatoes Isn t Cindy home yet? - No, she s still to / at work. 3. Helen went to / at school on foot this morning. 4. They were waiting for two hours at / to the station for the bus to arrive. 5. We should reach our destination at / in 30 minutes. 6. Jack and Jill are coming at / to our house for a game of monopoly this evening. 7. Samantha was lying at / on the beach in the hot sun. 8. Edgar s in / at his room studying for his history test. 12. Choose and circle. 1. Eva s not in the. She s outside. a. work b. bus c. house 2. My pen fell the floor. a. in b. at c. on 3. Sue is spending her holiday Rhodes. a. in b. at c. to 4. My father is at at the moment. a. house b. work c. class 5. I saw her the corner of the street. a. at b. to c. in 6. She walks work every morning. a. at b. in c. to 7. Amy s bed with a terrible cold. a. in b. on c. to 8. There are many animals our farm. a. at b. in c. on 9. My son often goes the local youth club. a. at b. to c. on 10. The Waltons live the 3 rd floor. a. on b. at c. in 11. Mrs Davis gets angry when her students talk class. a. on b. to c. in 12. I ll meet you the cinema in half an hour. a. to b. at c. on twice the fun 4 11

13 1. Use the time expressions given to write complete sentences in the Present Simple or Continuous. 1. Sylvie - work - at the office? 2. They - go - camping in the woods? Are they going camping in the woods this weekend? Do they usually go camping in the woods? 3. I - shop - at the local store I always shop at the local store. I m shopping at the local store at the moment. 4. Andrew - not take - a shower Andrew isn t taking a shower right now. Andrew doesn t take a shower every day. 2. Fill in with the Present Simple or Continuous. has (on Saturdays) (this Saturday) (this weekend) (usually) (always) (at the moment) (right now) (every day) 1. Tammy a dog and two cats. (have) We are having lunch in 30 minutes. 2. The baby s skin feels so soft! (feel) Jim is feeling / feels better today. He hasn t got a fever. 3. The doctor is weighing the baby. (weigh) The baby weighs 3 kilos. 4. Mum is tasting the soup to see if it needs salt. (taste) This soup tastes awful. 5. I don t think his name s John. (not think) I am not thinking of buying a new car. 6. Kate has two younger sisters. (have) Paul is having lunch on the balcony. 7. Are you seeing Sandra tomorrow morning? (you / see) Do you see the mountains from your house? 8. Dinner smells delicious. (smell) Sue is smelling the roses in her garden. 9. Dennis isn t appearing in the new theatrical play. (not appear) Lola doesn t appear to be very friendly. 3. Does Sylvie work at the office on Saturdays? Is Sylvie working at the office this Saturday? Fill in with the Present Simple or Continuous. is appearing 1. Dad (appear) on a TV show tonight. 2. Celia is having (have) breakfast in bed right now. 3. She s very friendly. She makes (make) friends easily. 4. The next plane to Rome leaves (leave) in eight hours! 5. Mat is working (work) out of town this week. 6. Are you coming (you / come) to the cinema tonight? 7. Harry doesn t study (not study) much but he still gets good marks. 8. Our teacher is always shouting (always shout) at us. He s very strict. 4. Choose and circle. 1. Who this house to? a. does... belong b. is... belonging 2. Your job really interesting. a. sounds b. is sounding 3. The film at 6:00. a. is starting b. starts 4. That man over there at you. a. is looking b. looks 5. I to speak to Sam immediately. a. am needing b. need 6. Joe in class. It s very annoying! a. talks always b. is always talking 7. Look out of the window! Snow! a. is falling b. falls 8. I of selling my car. Would you like to buy it? a. am thinking b. think 9. It that there is something wrong with him. a. is seeming b. seems 10. Most people about computers nowadays. a. are knowing b. know twice the fun 4 13

14 Writing Project 1 My town / city / village 1. Tina s friend, Margie, is planning to visit her in Athens. Read Tina s and fill in with a word / phrase from the box. write back soon - what s more - however - fill you in - can t wait - first of all - let me tell you - finally From: Tina To: Margie Subject: Hi! Hi Margie! How s everything going? I m so excited that you are going to visit me here in Athens. Before your trip, I d like to 1 fill you in with some information about my city. 2 First of all, Athens has a population of nearly 4,000,000. Most of the residents are Greek, but there are plenty of other nationalities too, so there s some cultural diversity. It s definitely the largest and most densely populated city in Greece! 3 However, it s still quite a safe city with a low crime rate. Now, 4 let me tell you about things we can do together. Firstly, we can visit the Acropolis and the wonderful museums. 5 What s more, Monastiraki is one of the most famous tourist attractions, so we can go shopping there and buy souvenirs for you and your family. 6 Finally, we will have a coffee in Plaka, where there s a huge variety of people, like street vendors and other tourists. So what do you think of my ideas? 7 Write back soon and let me know! I 8 can t wait to see you! Love, Tina 2. Put the following 3. Find a word / phrase from the text to: sentences in the right order to make say why you re writing: a summary of Tina s Tell me what you think. 2. Things to see and do. 3. General characteristics of Athens. 4. Let me tell you a few things about my city. 24 twice the fun add information: First of all, Firstly, What s more, Finally show contrast: ask for opinion: but, However ask for reply: Write back soon (and let me know) I d like to fill you in with some information about... What do you think (of my ideas)?

15 4. Organizing your Follow the stages and write down your own ideas. You can also use ideas from the model. SAY HI INTRODUCTION 1. Greet your friend 2. Make a reference to a previous from your friend expressing your feelings 3. Say why you re writing MAIN BODY 1 st PARAGRAPH: Describe your city / town / village population residents crime rate 2 nd PARAGRAPH: Suggest things to see and do CONCLUSION 1. Ask your friend to tell you his / her opinion 2. Ask for a reply 3. Express your excitement SIGN OFF Hi (Margie) What s up? / I was happy / glad to hear that you re visiting me / I m so excited that I m writing to / The reason why I m writing is / The population of my city is / My city is sparsely populated / densely populated / has a population of The residents are hospitable / helpful / My town is safe / There are many places of interest such as historical buildings, monuments, picturesque parks, the aquarium, the planetarium, the mall / We could go sightseeing / go to a restaurant / How does that sound to you? / How do you like it? / Drop me a line to / Please reply to my as soon as possible / Write back soon. I m looking forward to hearing from you. / Your friend, / How s everything going? I d like to fill you in with some information about friendly / Most of the residents are Greek with a low crime rate the wonderful museums go shopping / buy souvenirs / have a coffee So what do you think of my ideas? I can t wait to see you. Love, USEFUL VOCABULARY I m glad to χαίρομαι που sparsely / densely populated αραιοκατοικημένος / πυκνοκατοικημένος hospitable φιλόξενος monument μνημείο picturesque γραφικός mall εμπορικό κέντρο go sightseeing επισκέπτομαι αξιοθέατα How do you like it? Πώς σου φαίνεται; Drop me a line Γράψε μου reply to απαντώ σε look forward to (seeing you / meeting you) ανυπομονώ να (σε δω / να σε συναντήσω) 5. Writing Task Write an to a friend who has told you that he / she is planning to visit your city / town / village. Describe your city / town / village and suggest things that you can see or do there. (Write about words) twice the fun 4 25

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