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In February 2014, a McKinsey Global Institute report proposed tracking an empowerment line that could enable India's citizens to get out of poverty by providing the resources they needed to build better lives. This prompted Ela Bhatt, founder of the India-based Self-Employed Women's Association, to take stock of her initiative to empower women working in India's informal sector. Since 1972, her organization has been widely acclaimed as a global first mover and active champion of grassroots development. Quickly approaching two million members in India and six neighbouring countries, and inspiring similar efforts in South Africa, Ghana, Mali and Burkina Faso, it exemplifies a unique form of positively deviant organizing by speaking to the centrality of human beings at work. Given resources, support and encouragement, its many members have used their own human agency even in the direst of circumstances to better their lives in ways most meaningful to them, for instance, by creating childcare, health care, banking, farming and education cooperatives. However, as she reaches retirement and contemplates the future, Bhatt wonders if the new generation of Indian leaders will take up the Gandhian socially minded path or follow the commercial careers opening up in the country's multinational sector.

learning objective:

To introduce human agency and explain how it enables organizing at and across geographic, economic, social and cultural levels and establishes humanity as a key part of organizing for social change.To discuss the importance of social movements within organizations and society and the central roles of human beings in creating positive change at and through work.To introduce and discuss notions and practices of empowerment with a focus on women leaders in any culture, caste or ethnicity.To encourage leaders of all ages to enable human agency at work.

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Leading up to the completion of a successful partnership between Hewlett-Packard Canada and World Wildlife Fund Canada, the two individuals who championed the program contemplate their separate and joint next steps: should their organizations renew or exit the partnership? Together, they had designed and delivered a world-first program, Living Planet @ Work, which had enrolled more than 500 companies, large and small, whose employees had already raised more than $1 million in charitable donations through workplace giving. The program was helping corporate Canada harness the collective desire and power of their employees for the good of business and the future of the planet. The two champions had a short window to go global and scale up the positive impact of the program.

learning objective:

To explore the dynamics of social innovation in large organizations (using either a social intrapreneurship angle, a social alliance angle or a blend of both).To understand the formation and evolution of a partnership between a large corporation and an environmental nongovernmental organization that spearheads systemic social transformation.To discuss the importance of sustainability at work (beyond the triple bottom line).To describe and discuss how front-line employees can tip their employer's business toward sustainability to usher in radical, social and environmental innovation.To introduce, define and consider the human side of sustainability (e.g., callings on the job).To appreciate the influence of scalable and profitable business models on social change and economic growth.

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In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the not-for-profit sector in Ontario was forced to shift from a provider of social needs to a creator of social opportunities for communities doubly hit by rising unemployment and falling social supports. The Ontario Trillium Foundation moved to fund innovative, collaborative programs involving not-for-profit organizations, businesses and governments in creating viable social enterprises. Ottawa, London and Sarnia were three communities faced with different, but still difficult economic times, and each had responded to the crisis by proposing alternative models of social transition. In 2013, representatives from the not-for-profit sector in these cities joined with the Richard Ivey School of Business to present a proposal that promised they would work collaboratively, learn from each other, document the entire process and develop tools to prepare and guide many others. Would the Trillium Foundation support such a creative and ambitious project?

learning objective:

To explore the aftermath of the financial crisis in Canada, especially Ontario, and to discuss the importance of the not-for-profit sector in mitigating the adverse impact of the crisis on Ontario communities.To understand the dynamics of social constraint and social opportunity.To describe the role and relevance of social transitions and the role not-for-profit organizations can play in accelerating radical social transformation.To appreciate the influence of the not-for-profit sector on economic recovery and sustainable growth.To introduce, define and think about collaboration and co-creation in the not-for-profit sector.

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SoJo is an online resource hub - optimized for web and mobile - focused on helping early-stage social innovators turn their ideas into action. Founded in Canada as a for-profit venture in 2010, the company depends mainly on volunteer part-time staff and competes for traffic in cyberspace with its own content providers. Many skeptics doubted the idea would ever work: why would content providers forego traffic on their own sites by relinquishing their "good stuff" to SoJo? Yet by 2012, with over 2,000 active users, 50 content partners, 1,300 Twitter followers, 80,000 articles viewed and more than 1,000 unique pieces of content that earned global praise from traditional business media outlets, SoJo is well positioned to grow even further and faster. However, its founder and chief catalyst, an award-winning social entrepreneur, is anxious to make the company self-sustaining by generating revenue through product and service extensions and by increasing its user base a hundred-fold. How can such a social enterprise be modeled to support the pace of growth it needs to remain the one best resource for change-makers the world over?

learning objective:

The case is ideally suited for core and elective courses on social enterprise, sustainable development or sustainability. To offer students first-row seats to the experience of becoming a social entrepreneur and the symbiotic relationship between one's self and one's venture.To experience first-hand the resources SoJo offers for social start-ups and the positive impact these resources have for budding social entrepreneurs.To explore the social impact of a social enterprise and to model its growth.

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The case explores value-driven strategy formulation and implementation by bringing to the fore issues of ethics, responsible leadership, social initiatives in emerging markets and the global-local tensions in corporate social responsibility. It examines how Bayer CropScience addressed the issue of child labor in its cotton seed supply chain in rural India between 2002 and 2008. Bayer had been operating in India for more than a century. In December 2002, the Bayer Group completed the acquisition of India-based Aventis CropScience. Bayer CropScience first learned about the incidence and prevalence of child labor in its newly acquired India-based cotton seed operations a few months post acquisition, in April 2003. The Aventis acquisition had brought onboard a well-known Indian company, Proagro, which already had operations in the cotton seed production and marketing - a new segment of the supply chain for Bayer. Child labor was widespread in cotton seed production - a traditional practice taken for granted not only by Indian farmers but also by several hundred Indian companies then accounting for approximately 90 per cent of the market share. This is a supplement to Bayer CropScience in India (A): Against Child Labor, product #9B10M061, and focuses on Bayer's formulation of a value-driven strategy, with three pillars: communication, implementation and education.

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The case explores value-driven strategy formulation and implementation by bringing to the fore issues of ethics, responsible leadership, social intitiatives in emerging markets and the global-local tensions in corporate social responsibility. It examines how Bayer CropScience addressed the issue of child labour in its cotton seed supply chain in rural India between 2002 and 2008. Bayer had been operating in India for more than a century. In December 2002, the Bayer Group completed the acquisition of India-based Aventis CropScience. Bayer CropScience first learned about the incidence and prevalence of the child labour in its newly acquired India-based cotton seed operations a few months post acquisition, in April 2003. The Aventis acquisition had brought onboard a well-known Indian company, Proagro, which already had operations in the cotton seed production and marketing - a new segment of the supply chain for Bayer. Child labour was widespread in cotton seed production - a traditional practice taken for granted not only by Indian farmers but also by several hundred Indian companies then accounting for approximately 90 per cent of the market share. The (A) case focuses on Bayer's decision whether, when and how to launch a self-run program that would take direct responsibility for tracking and eradicating child labour in rural India.

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The case illustrates the venturing decisions, processes and outcomes of two recent MBAs who design and launch a clean technology (cleantech) start-up venture. The case asks students to compare and contrast the clean technologies available, discuss their pros and cons, and articulate a compelling business proposition.<br><br>The case illustrates the tensions, trade-offs and adaptation challenges involved in designing a clean technology venture in a changing regulatory, funding and competitive context (Ontario, Canada, 2006-present). The multiple decision points in the case have the students critically and iteratively assess the prospects of clean technology ventures and the evolving interface between technology and strategy in Canada's emerging clean energy sector. Beyond understanding the specific challenges faced by the venturing team, students are asked to grapple with the controversies and priorities for Canada's environmental policies in the energy sector, discuss competitive tension or symbiotic relationships between incumbents and disruptors, and actively align new venture design and strategy with a rapidly morphing regulatory, technological and competitive environment. The case discussion also opens up a broader platform for exploring the role of incumbents and disruptive business models in informing provincial and national responses to climate change, and, more generally, the role of cleantech venturing and venture capital in fostering climate change readiness and greener energy solutions.

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This case illustrates the founding and growth of Veja, the first eco-sneaker company in the world, in the broader context of the evolution of the fashion industry and the emergence of the eco-fashion movement. By September 2010, the five-year old venture had become a reference in ethical fashion, and an inspiration for other eco-fashion start-ups. Its path, its successes and its aspirations made it a perfect acquisition target; like-minded companies like Timberland were already feeling out the two founders. Sébastien Kopp and François-Ghislain Morillion were still fulfilling their dream. They had fun trying to craft ever more sustainable business approaches. They were still excited about the opportunity to develop solutions or workarounds for socially- and environmentally-problematic business practices. The case presents several solutions, focusing on the development of sustainable business practices in organic cotton, wild natural rubber and traditional veggie-tanned leather. The case also deals with the issue of how ventures integrate sustainable practices into a holistic and ever improving offering, which engages multiple supply chain participants (employees, consumers, suppliers, partners, even artists) in co-devising a value proposition that appeals not just to our sense of fashion, but also to our conscience. Essentially, the case is a story of fashioning identities by artfully bending consumers' appreciation towards the expression of unity with the earth and across cultures.

learning objective:

The case is ideally suited for core and elective courses on social entrepreneurship or on strategy and sustainability. Students are challenged to combine their knowledge of competitive strategy with the constraints and challenges of building a social enterprise. The case can explore three main themes: (1) triple-bottom-line organizing (specifically the complexities of building a sustainable value chain and crafting an appealing message that brings out the best in others); (2) social movements (specifically the role of successful ventures in social movements) and (3) social adjacency (specifically how ventures can pursue strategic adjacencies to leverage their social skills and mission).

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