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Re: That

1. Do you think (that) she was going to go tonight?

'that' tells the reader/listener that a clause will follow. It functions as a conjunction, and it occurs with certain verbs e.g. think, say. Since its distrubution is predictable with those verbs, the reader/listener will often omit 'that'. 'that' carries no real meaning. That is, it doesn't stand for anything. It's a structural requirement. It tells the reader/listener THATa clause will follow.

Re: That

Are these correct?
2. What are the subject and verb for this sentence?
3. What are the subject and the verb for this sentence? (Is 'the' redundant here?)

2. and 3. are fine.

What about these:
Are these correct? What do these mean?
1. What are the subject and the verb for this sentence? (How come I can use the singular words 'subject' and 'verb' here?)
2. What are the subjects and the verbs for this sentence? (Is 'the' redundant here?)
3. What is the subject and the verb for this sentence?
4. What is the subjects and the verbs for this sentence? (#1 is correct, how come this is not correct?)

If I do this:
5. What are the subject and what are the verb? (How come this is incorrect, and #1 is correct?)
6. What are the subject and the verb for this sentence? (What's the subject and verb for this sentece?)

Re: That

1. What are the subject and the verb? ('are' refers to each one in a set)
=>What are they? (replacement test)
2. What are the subjects and the verbs? ('are' refers more than one)
3. What is the subject and the verb? ('is' refers to each one individually)
4. What is the subjects and the verbs? (Not OK)
5. What are the subject and what are the verb? (Not OK)
6. What are they (i.e., the subject and the verb)? (Same as 1.)

Re: That

Is this correct?
1. 'are refers (to) more than one. (Is 'to' omitted in that sentence?)

3. What is the subject and the verb? ('is' refers to each one individually)

2. What do you mean by ' 'is' refers to each one individually'? Do you mean like this: 'What is the subject ans what is the verb?' ?)

3. What is the subject and the verb? ('is' refers to each one individually)

3. Formally, this is not okay right? It should be 'What is the subject and what is the verb?'? Or 'What are the subject and verb?'?)

1. What are the subject and the verb? ('are' refers to each one in a set)

4. When you said 'each one in a set', what do you mean?

What do these mean?
5. When you said 'each one in a set', what do you mean? (Does this mean at the time you wrote it?)
6. When you say 'each one in a set', what do you mean? (What does this mean? Does it mean when you say it in the future?)

Is this sentence correct?
7. Does it mean when you say it in the future? (Between those underlined words, it sound kind of awkward? Also, 'sound' is correct in that question right? Is 'it' referring to 'Between those underlined words'?

It tells the reader/listener THATa clause will follow.

This is not incorrect without 'that' right?

Sorry about the trouble.

What do these mean?8. Sorry about the trouble.9. Sorry for the trouble.

10. Sorry for the trouble list. (I think, this is one right one to use. Also, what does it mean?)11. Sorry for the troubled list. (What does this one mean?)

Re: That

1. to more than one. (typo)
2. What is the subject, and what is the verb?
3. What is the subject, and what is the verb? and What are the subjects, and what are the verbs?
4. What are they? ('they' refers to the combined set: subject+verb)
5. at the time you wrote it? (Yes)
6. Fact
7. What does it mean when you say it is in the future? (OK)
8. 'that' is optional when it introduces a clause (i.e., a subject and a verb)

8. Sorry about the trouble. (about the trouble I caused)9. Sorry for the trouble. (for the trouble I am making)
10. Sorry for the trouble list. (New word: Try, troublesome list. It means, a list that causes one some trouble.)11. Sorry for the troubled list. (OK, but it means the list is troubled, sad, worried )