SHORT ANSWER.Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers
the question.

Provide an appropriate response.

1)Under what
circumstances can you replace σ with s in the formula

2)Define margin of
error. Explain the relation between the confidence interval and the error
estimate. Suppose a confidence interval is Find the sample mean and the error estimate E.

3)What is the best
point estimate for the population proportion? Explain why that point estimate
is best._

Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis,
test statistic, P-value, conclusion about the null hypothesis, and final
conclusion that addresses the original claim.

4)According to a
recent poll 53% of Americans would vote for the incumbent president. If a
random sample of 100 people results in 45% who would vote for the incumbent, test
the claim that the actual percentage is 53%. Use a 0.10 significance level.

Use the traditional method to test the given hypothesis.
Assume that the population is normally distributed and that the sample has been
randomly selected.

5)Systolic blood
pressure levels for men have a standard deviation of 19.7 mm Hg. A random
sample of 31 women resulted in blood pressure levels with a standard deviation
of22.4 mm Hg. Use a 0.05 significance
level to test the claim that blood pressure levels for women have the same
variation as those for men.

Test the given claim using the traditional method of
hypothesis testing. Assume that the sample has been randomly selected from a
population with a normal distribution.

6)In tests of a
computer component, it is found that the mean time between failures is 520
hours. A modification is made which is supposed to increase the time between
failures. Tests on a random sample of 10 modified components resulted in the
following times (in hours) between failures.

518548561523536

499538557528563

At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that for the
modified components, the mean time between failures is greater than 520 hours.

Solve the problem.

7)Suppose that you
wish to perform a traditional hypothesis test to test a claim regarding two
means.Give an example of a situation in
which the matched pairs test would be appropriate and give an example of a
situation in which it would be appropriate to perform a test for large and
independent samples.

Provide an appropriate response.

8)Complete the
table to describe each symbol.

Perform the indicated goodness-of-fit test.

9)A company manager
wishes to test a union leader's claim that absences occur on the different week
days with the same frequencies. Test this claim at the 0.05 level of
significance if the following sample data have been compiled.

Provide an appropriate response.

10)Define a point
estimate. What is the best point estimate for μ?

Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis,
test statistic, P-value, conclusion about the null hypothesis, and final
conclusion that addresses the original claim.

11)A poll of 1,068
adult Americans reveals that 48% of the voters surveyed prefer the Democratic
candidate for the presidency. At the 0.05 level of significance, test the claim
that at least half of all voters prefer the Democrat.

Use the traditional method to test the given hypothesis.
Assume that the samples are independent and that they have been randomly
selected

12)In a random
sample of 360 women, 65% favored stricter gun control laws. In a random sample
of 220 men, 60% favored stricter gun control laws. Test the claim that the
proportion of women favoring stricter gun control is higher than the proportion
of men favoring stricter gun control. Use a significance level of 0.05.

Solve the problem.

13)Use the P-value
method to test the claim that the population standard deviation of the systolic
blood pressures of adults aged 40-50 is equal to The sample statistics are as follows: Be sure to state the hypotheses, the value of
the test statistic, the P-value, and your conclusion. Use a significance level
of 0.05.

Use the traditional method of hypothesis testing to test
the given claim about the means of two populations. Assume that two dependent
samples have been randomly selected from normally distributed populations.

14)Ten different
families are tested for the number of gallons of water a day they use before
and after viewing a conservation video. At the 0.05 significance level, test
the claim that the mean is the same before and after the viewing.

Perform the indicated goodness-of-fit test.

15)In studying the
occurrence of genetic characteristics, the following sample data were obtained.
At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that the characteristics occur
with the same frequency.

16)Among the four
northwestern states, Washington has 51% of the total population, Oregon has
30%, Idaho has 11%, and Montana has 8%. A market researcher selects a sample of
1000 subjects, with 450 in Washington, 340 in Oregon, 150 in Idaho, and 60 in
Montana. At the 0.05 significance level, test the claim that the sample of 1000
subjects has a distribution that agrees with the distribution of state
populations.

Use a test to test the claim that in the given
contingency table, the row variable and the column variable are independent.

17)Use the sample
data below to test whether car color affects the likelihood of being in an
accident. Use a significance level of 0.01.

18)The table below
shows the age and favorite type of music of 668 randomly selected people.

Use a 5 percent level of significance to test the null
hypothesis that age and preferred music type are independent.

Solve the problem.

19) A researcher
wishes to test whether the proportion of college students who smoke is the same
in four different colleges. She randomly selects 100 students from each college
and records the number that smoke. The results are shown below.

Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the
proportion of students smoking is the same at all four colleges.

Test the given claim using the traditional method of
hypothesis testing. Assume that the sample has been randomly selected from a
population with a normal distribution.

20)Use a
significance level of α = 0.05 to test the claim that μ ≠ 32.6.
The sample data consists of 15 scores for which =41
and .

MULTIPLE CHOICE.Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.

Solve the problem.

21)Find the value
of that corresponds to a level of confidence
of97.80 percent.

A) 29B) 0.011C)
-2D)
2

22)The following
confidence interval is obtained for a population proportion, p:

( 0.509,0.533)

Use these confidence interval limits to find the point
estimate, .

A) 0.509B) 0.533C)
0.521D) 0.528

Use the confidence level and sample data to find a
confidence interval for estimating the population μ.

23)A group of65 randomly selected students have a mean
score of31.8 with a standard deviation
of5.4 on a placement test. What is the
90 percent confidence interval for the mean score, μ, of all students
taking the test?

A) 30.5 < μ <33.1B) 30.1
< μ <33.5C) 30.2 < μ <33.4D) 30.7 < μ <32.9

Use the given degree of confidence and sample data to
construct a confidence interval for the population mean μ. Assume that the
population has a normal distribution.

27)A researcher
wishes to construct a 95% confidence interval for a population mean. She
selects a simple random sample of size from the population. The population is
normally distributed and σ is unknown. When constructing the confidence
interval, the researcher should use the t distribution; however, she
incorrectly uses the normal distribution. Will the true confidence level of the
resulting confidence interval be greater than 95%, smaller than 95%, or exactly
95%?

A) Greater than 95%B)
Exactly 95%C)
Smaller than 95%

Use the confidence level and sample data to find a
confidence interval for estimating the population μ.

30)A researcher
claims that the amounts of acetaminophen in a certain brand of cold tablets
have a standard deviation different from the σ = 3.3 mg claimed by the
manufacturer.

A) Ho: σ ≥ 3.3 mgB) Ho: σ ≤ 3.3 mgC) Ho: σ ≠
3.3 mgD) Ho: σ = 3.3 mg

HA:
σ < 3.3 mgHA: σ > 3.3 mgHA: σ = 3.3 mgHA: σ ≠ 3.3 mg

Use the given information to find the P-value.

31)The test
statistic in a left-tailed test is z = -2.05.

A) 0.0202B) 0.0453C)
0.5000D)
0.4798

Assume that a hypothesis test of the given claim will be
conducted. Identify the type I or type II error for the test.

32)A researcher
claims that the amounts of acetaminophen in a certain brand of cold tablets
have a standard deviation different from the claimed by the manufacturer. Identify the type
II error for the test.

A) The error of failing to reject the claim that the
standard deviation is 3.3 mg when it is actually different from 3.3 mg.

B) The error of rejecting the claim that the standard
deviation is more than 3.3 mg when it really is more than 3.3 mg.

C) The error of rejecting the claim that the standard
deviation is 3.3 mg when it really is 3.3 mg.

Find the critical value or values of x2 based on
the given information.

33): σ =
8.0

n = 10

α = 0.01

A) 1.735, 23.589B) 2.088, 21.666C)
21.666D) 23.209

Formulate the indicated conclusion in nontechnical
terms. Be sure to address the original claim.

34)The principal of
a middle school claims that test scores of the seventh-graders at his school
vary less than the test scores of the seventh-graders at a neighboring school,
which have variation described by σ = 14.7. Assuming that a hypothesis
test of the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is to reject the
null hypothesis, state the conclusion in nontechnical terms.

A) There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation is greater than 14.7.

B) There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim
that the standard deviation is less than 14.7.

C) There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that
the standard deviation is greater than 14.7.

D) There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that
the standard deviation is less than 14.7.

Find the value of the test statistic z using z = .

35)The claim is
that the proportion of drowning deaths of children attributable to beaches is
more than 0.25, and the sample statistics include drowning deaths of children with 30% of them
attributable to beaches.

A) 2.73B) 2.89C) -2.73D)
-2.89

Find the appropriate p-value to test the null
hypothesis, H0: p1 = p2, using a significance level of 0.05.

36)n1 = 50n2
= 50

x1 = 3x2
= 7

A) .0613B) .0072C)
.1824D)
.1201

Determine the decision criterion for rejecting the null
hypothesis in the given hypothesis test; i.e., describe the values of the test
statistic that would result in rejection of the null hypothesis.

37)We wish to
compare the means of two populations using paired observations. Suppose that Sd = 2.911, and n = 8, and that you wish
to test the following hypothesis at the1
percent level of significance:

H0:
μd = 0 against H1: μd > 0.

What decision rule would you use?

A) Reject H0 if test statistic is less than2.998.

B) Reject H0 if test statistic is greater than-2.998 and less than2.998.

C) Reject H0 if test statistic is greater than-2.998.

D) Reject H0 if test statistic is greater than2.998.

Compute the test statistic used to test the null
hypothesis that p1 = p2.

38)A report on the
nightly news broadcast stated that14
out of123 households with pet dogs were
burglarized and24 out of196 without pet dogs were burglarized.

A) -0.232B) -0.093C)
-0.394D)
0.000

Construct the indicated confidence interval for the
difference between population proportions p1 - p2. Assume that the samples
are independent and that they have been randomly selected.

40)Find the
critical value corresponding to a sample size of5 and a confidence level of98 percent.

A) 0.484B) 11.143C)
13.277D)
0.297

Determine whether the given conditions justify using the
margin of error E = σ/ when
finding a confidence interval estimate of the population mean μ.

41)The sample size
is n =5, σ =12.7, and the original population is normally
distributed.

A) YesB) No

Solve the problem.

42)The confidence
interval below for the population standard deviation is based on the following
sample statistics: n = 41, =42.3,
and s =5.6.

4.74 < σ
<6.88

What is the degree of confidence?

A) 95%B) 80%C) 99%D) 90%

Formulate the indicated conclusion in nontechnical
terms. Be sure to address the original claim.

43)A researcher
claims that 62% of voters favor gun control. Assuming that a hypothesis test of
the claim has been conducted and that the conclusion is failure to reject the
null hypothesis, state the conclusion in nontechnical terms.

A) There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that
more than 62% of voters favor gun control.

B) There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the
claim that 62% of voters favor gun control.

C) There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim
that 62% of voters favor gun control.

D) There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of
the claim that 62% of voters favor gun control.

44)A cereal company
claims that the mean weight of the cereal in its packets is at least 14 oz.
Assuming that a hypothesis test of the claim has been conducted and that the
conclusion is to reject the null hypothesis, state the conclusion in
nontechnical terms.

A) There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of
the claim that the mean weight is less than

B) There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the
claim that the mean weight is at least

C) There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the
claim that the mean weight is less than

D) There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of
the claim that the mean weight is at least

Construct a confidence interval for μd, the
mean of the differences d for the population of paired data. Assume that the
population of paired differences is normally distributed.

45)A test of
writing ability is given to a random sample of students before and after they
completed a formal writing course. The results are given below. Construct a 99%
confidence interval for the mean difference between the before and after
scores.

46)Among870 peopleselected randomly from among the residents of one city,21.61%were found to beliving below the
official poverty line.

A) 188B) 193C)
190D)
186

Use the confidence level and sample data to find a
confidence interval for estimating the population μ.

47)A random sample
of78 light bulbs had a mean life of hours with a standard deviation of hours. Construct a 90 percent confidence
interval for the mean life, μ, of all light bulbs of this type.

A) 399 < μ <419B) 398 < μ
<420C)
402 < μ <416D)
401 < μ <417

Assume that a hypothesis test of the given claim will be
conducted. Identify the type I or type II error for the test.

48)Carter Motor
Company claims that its new sedan, the Libra, will average better than28 miles per gallon in the city. Identify the
type I error for the test.

A) The error of failing to reject the claim that the mean
is at most28 miles per gallon when it
is actually greater than28 miles per
gallon.

B) The error of rejecting the claim that the true
proportion is more than28 miles per
gallon when it really is more than28
miles per gallon.

C) The error of rejecting the claim that the mean is at
most28 miles per gallon when it really
is at most28 miles per gallon.

Assume that you want to test the claim that the paired
sample data come from a population for which the mean difference is μd
= 0. Compute the value of the t test statistic.

49)

A) t = 2.890B) t = 0.578C)
t = 0.415D)
t = 1.292

Find the critical value or values of x2 based on
the given information.

50): σ
> 26.1

n = 9

α = 0.01

A) 1.646B) 20.090C)
2.088D)
21.666

1)Provided n >
30, s can be used in place of σ. If n ≤ 30, the population must be
normal and σ must be known to use the formula.

2)The margin of
error is the maximum likely difference between the observed sample mean and the true value for the population mean
μ. The confidence interval is found by taking the sample mean and adding the margin of error E to find the
high value and subtracting E to find the low value of the interval. In the
interval the sample mean is 10.5 and the error estimate E is 0.85.

3)The sample
proportion .

1) is unbiased (does not consistently
overestimate or underestimate p).

2) is most consistent (has the least variation or
all the measures of central tendency).

Critical value: z = ±1.645. Fail to reject null hypothesis.
There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the
actual percentage is 53%.

5)Test statistic: X2
=38.786. Critical values: X2
= 16.791, 46.979. Fail to reject . There is
not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that blood pressure
levels for women have the same variation as those for men.

6)Test statistic: t
= 2.61. Critical value: t = 1.833. Reject . There is
sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean is greater than 520
hours.

7)Examples will
vary.

8)

9)H0:
The proportions of absences are all the same.

H1: The proportions of absences are not all the
same.

Test statistic: χ2 = 28.308. Critical
value: χ2 = 9.488. Reject the null hypothesis. There is
sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that absences occur on
the different week days with the same frequency.

10)A point estimate
is a single value used to approximate a population parameter. The sample mean is the best point estimate of μ.

Critical value: z = -1.645. Fail to reject null hypothesis.
There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that at
least half of all voters prefer the Democrat.

12)H0: p1 = p2.H1:
p1 > p2.

Test statistic: z = 1.21.Critical
value: z = 1.645.

Fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient
evidence to support the claim that the proportion of women favoring stricter
gun control is higher than the proportion of men favoring stricter gun control.

13): σ =
22 mmHg

: σ ≠
22 mmHg

α = 0.05

Test statistic:=32.89

0.1 < P-value < 0.2

Because the P-value is greater than the significance level
of 0.05, we do not reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence
to reject the claim that

14)Test statistic t
= 2.894. Critical values: t = ±2.262.

Reject H0: μd = 0. There is
sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the mean is the same
before and after viewing..

15)H0:
The proportions of occurrences are all equal.

H1: Those proportions are not all equal.

Test statistic: χ2 = 8.263. Critical value:
χ2 = 11.071. Fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is not
sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the characteristics
occur with the same frequency.

16)H0:
The distribution of the sample agrees with the population distribution.

H1: It does not agree.

Test statistic: χ2 = 31.938. Critical
value: χ2 = 7.815. Reject the null hypothesis. There is
sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the distribution of
the sample agrees with the distribution of thestate populations.

17)H0:
Car color and being in an accident are independent.

H1: Car color and being in an accident are
dependent.

Test statistic: χ2 = 0.4287. Critical
value: χ2 = 9.210.

Fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient
evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that car color and being in an
accident are independent.

18)H0:
Age and preferred music type are independent.

H1: Age and preferred music type are dependent.

Test statistic: χ2 = 12.954. Critical
value: χ2 = 9.488.

Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to
warrant rejection of the claim that age and preferred music type are
independent.

19)H0:
The proportion of students smoking is the same at all four colleges.

H1: The proportions are different.

Test statistic: χ2 = 17.832. Critical
value: χ2 = 11.345.

Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to
warrant rejection of the claim that the proportion of students smoking is the
same at all four colleges.

20)Test statistic:
t =4.12. Critical values: t = ±2.145.
Reject H0: μ = 32.6. There is sufficient evidence to support
the claim that the mean is different from 32.6.