About the speaker: Joanna de Groot has interests in three main areas. Her initial research into the social history of Iran in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries has led to work on various aspects... Read more

Abstract: As in other parts of the world, women’s empowerment has gained prominence in today’s Saudi Arabia, with a surge in initiatives and leadership projects – all seeking to address the themes of... Read more

Iran and the wider Middle East are often blamed for harbouring patriarchal labour markets that inhibit women from exiting the household and taking up independent employment opportunities. This paper... Read more