The Causes and Nature of Extremism in Indian Politics in the Early Part of the Present Century

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The causes and nature of extremism in Indian politics in the early part of the present century!

The failure of the moderate politics and programmes gave rise to a radical and extremist approach. This crystallized in the formation of a new group that dominated the Indian political scene from early part of the 20th century.

The moderate led movement yielded no result. Prayers failed. The popular belief in constitutional methods lost value. A more radical and confrontanalist way was advocated. Thus, extremist emerged out of an ideological confrontation.

The divisive tactics of the Government has embittered the leaders. Its suppressive measures and restrictions forced them to give up moderation. Assertion of rights, political agitations and fighting spirit were adopted. As a result the extremists took control of the situation and shaped the movement in their colour. Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal emerged as leaders.

The nature of extremist movement was best exhibited in their action. They gave the idea of independence the central place in politics. They bitterly opposed the English. They popularized the Boycott of foreign goods. They harped on mass mobilization through public meetings.

Religious festivals were used to further political propaganda. Reassertion of national dignity, honour and confidence was focused on, Swadeshi and Swaraj were the catchword with the extremists. National Schools and swadeshi industries were established by extremist leaders.

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Emergence of extremist leaders shaped the Congress towards a mass based organization. Its programmes were successful and able to draw people towards it. It changed the character of movement for freedom. It focused on freedom as the ultimate goal.