The objective of Lunar Lander is to pilot a lunar landing module as it prepares to touch down on the moon. The terrain is very jagged and has only a few flat areas appropriate for landing. These areas are highlighted with green color. If the player successfully lands the module, he or she is awarded points based on how good the landing was and the difficulty of the landing site. If he or she crashes, points are awarded based on the severity of the crash and sometimes the player receives a fuel penalty. In either case, the game starts another round with a different set of terrain and the player’s remaining fuel. The game is over when the player has run out of fuel and crashes on the moon’s surface.

To pilot the lander, the player must counteract gravity by using the lander’s aft thrusters to slow its descent. The player uses a proportional throttle to adjust the strength of the thrusters, a new feature at the time of the game’s release. Three buttons provide the ability to rotate the craft clockwise and counterclockwise, and to “abort” an approach by firing the thrusters at full strength for a short time. Each action uses up the craft’s limited fuel, and when fuel has run out, the lander stops responding to the player’s actions.