Biodiesel

After spending three months on the road this summer in a 1994 Nissan Pathfinder and spending over $2000 on fuel to keep it moving, my wife and I decided to buy a new car. Intially we were tempted by the
Honda Civic Hybrid. It actually rides alot nicer than the gasoline-only Civic because of the weight of the battery pack in the back and the virtually silent engine. However, the complexity of an automobile that uses two separate motors and recovers power from the brakes, was a little too much for me to stomach.

After a little more shopping around, we found that the Volkswagen Jetta TDi gets comparable mileage (42mpg city, 49mpg hwy), and does it all with an engine that is simpler than a gasoline engine - no ignition system! I had always wanted a diesel to convert to run on waste vegetable oil and a little research openned up my eyes quite a bit. What I thought would be a bizzarre experiment in automotive tinkering is actually much simpler!

Well, it's noticeable, especially when coming from a bus. Normal bus exhaust isn't all that pleasant, but
it's something I'm used to. Having a bus go by and suddenly it smells like McDonald's is jarring.

My requirements were a little different, like having 4/all wheel drive,
and just bought a Subaru Outback Sport. Still got my big F150 for when I need a truck, but the Subaru becomes a daily driver and with Nancy and I both working downtown and similiar hours, we share a ride some. It's only getting 28-30mpg but it's a blast to drive up and down Signal Mtn.

Is that really worse than the odor you current get from your car exhaust?
Yes. I have driven a hybrid for the past five years, and the exhaust (and attendant odor) is minimal.

... the complexity of an automobile that uses two separate motors and recovers power from the brakes, was a little too much for me to stomach.
Gee, I think it's pretty cool! If I could wave a wand and turn all vehicles into hybrids, I'd do it in an instant.

Diesel fuel produced from biomass is less toxic than table salt (you can drink it) and can be delivered in the same infrastructure as normal diesel. Methanol, a biomass gasoline replacement, is considerably more flammable than gasoline and more difficult to distribute.

The afore-mentioned complexity issues. My Jetta Wagon cost about $21,000, almost exactly the same as the Honda Civic Hybrid. However, Honda gets $6,000 from the US Government for every Hybrid they sell and they don't make any money on the Hybrid, so the car costs about $27,000 to manufacture. The Jetta Diesel is in limited supply (VW doesn't ship many to the US because of the relatively small market for diesels) and the dealers rarely give discounts. So VW and the dealer are making a nice profit at $21,000 without subsidies from the government. VW's official position is that they do not believe in building cars that they cannot make a profit on.

The real issue with diesel cars right now is the quality of diesel fuel available in the US. The crap you find at most pumps contains sulphur. In 2006, all diesel fuel will have sulphur removed. This will eliminate the "soot" you see coming from diesel powered vehicles and allow the use of a particulate filter. The filter traps NOx particles and periodically incinerates them. This removes the big smog component that has caused CA, MA, ME, NH, and PA to stop the sale of diesel powered cars (but you can still buy a diesel Hummer or big pickup - go figure).

Got a question on the whole biomass thing: My impression is that this is something that's economical right now mainly because of the oil as a waste product of frying, and that the base materials come from corn, which is probably as heavily subsidized a product as oil, at least in the U.S.

What happens when we hit the critical mass of converted diesels? Not that it isn't a good idea right now, but will it scale to the whole populace, or is this something that'll only work while it's a niche?

Looking at the amount of high fructose corn syrup that we currently consume... and shouldn't.... I think it would give all that corn some place else to go at possibly a little higher price than into our foods. I believe corn oil is fairly cheap and if the processing doesn't have to be for human consumption I believe it could be cheaper still. Oh, and since it doesn't have to be fit for human consumption there may be other plant sources for this oil that we aren't currently producing that might be cheaper still than what we are producing now.

Biodiesel, at least in the incarnation that I use, is generally produced from raw soybeans, not WVO (waste vegetable oil). Some folks do make their own diesel fuel from WVO, but the majority of Biodiesel comes from crops and works in all diesel engines without modification. What I buy at the pump here in Chattanooga is a blend of 20% soybean Biodiesel with 80% dino-diesel. I get slightly better fuel economy, smoother operation, and fewer emissions. I can't run 100% Biodiesel in Chattanooga (in Winter at least) without fuel-line heaters, which are common and inexpensive, because Biodiesel clouds at about 50 degrees F and begins to gel around 30 degrees. The B20 I use now is good to about -20 degress F.

In Europe, Biodiesel is made from rapeseed. Any vegetable oil can be used. Soybean is popular in the US because it is common. Corn would work just as well. Hemp would be excellent too.

BTW, the folks at HempCar.org claim that only 6% of US land needs to be farmed with hemp (without displacing any food crops) to supply 100% of our energy needs. I haven't seen any other reports that directly outline the how much land is needed to meet the energy needs of the US.