Constitution of Village Libre

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal and independent, that from that equal creation they derive
rights inherent and inalienable, among which are the preservation of life, &
liberty, & the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these ends, governments
are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the
governed; that whenever any form of government shall become destructive of
these ends, it is the rights of the people to alter or to abolish it, & to
institute new government laying it’s foundation on such principles and
organizing it’s powers in such forms, as to them shall seem most likely to
effect their safety and happiness.-- The United States Declaration of
Independence, adopted July 4, 1776.

The purpose of this Constitution is to try to spell out in layman's terms
the conditions under which people can live and work together in freedom.
This Constitution is written differently than most constitutions by
explaining the intent of each clause as well as the purpose of each rule.
Wherever possible, each rule is also justified so the casual reader may
understand its importance. Since this Constitution shall be the supreme law
of the land, and the legitimacy of law is derived from its widespread
acceptance, it is therefore rational to stress the importance of each
constitutional rule to ensure harmony in the population. As a result, this
Constitution may appear a bit verbose, however it is much better to have
each rule clearly explained, than having a constitution containing vague
instructions to be interpreted and manipulated by those in power which
always yields to constitutional tyranny.

Everyone carries a part of society on his shoulders; no one
is relieved of his share of responsibility by others. And no one can find a
safe way out for himself if society is sweeping toward destruction.
Therefore, everyone, in his own interests, must thrust himself vigorously
into the intellectual battle. None can stand aside with unconcern; the
interest of everyone hangs on the result. Whether he chooses or not, every
man is drawn into the great historical struggle, the decisive battle into
which our epoch has plunged us.-- Ludwig von Mises,
Socialism,
The Crisis of Civilization.

Village Libre is a covenant of citizens for protecting life, liberty
and property of each and every individual. Therefore, to maximize
individual liberty, this Constitution is written as framework to keep the
Government of Village Libre small, by creating a panarchic confederation of
voluntary associations named Civic Societies, and a polycentric legal system of
Dispute Resolution Organizations.

The right to free speech is a recognition that speech in itself if devoid
of physical threats is not an initiation of force and does not warrant any
retaliatory force. Many governments outlaw certain types of speech as being
dangerous or inflammatory or against the will of the people, but this
censorship is just an evasion of reality - hoping that if a problem is
ignored it will go away. Freedom of speech is required for liberty because
without the freedom of speech, you can not persuade others of what is right
and what is wrong. Without the freedom to persuade others, only force can
make people act in a particular way. Freedom of speech is an important check on government
because it allows transgressions to be identified and fixed rather than
hidden and perpetuated.

Freedom of
speech is guaranteed at Village Libre, and nobody may use the courts to
legalize the use of physical force to silence others. People are also free
to express themselves, including publishing any information on their website
without any risk of being jailed or killed. Unfortunately, in most
countries, people fear being sued if they expose something to the public.
When individuals may sue each other over speech, the result is a system
protecting the Elite which has the money to hire attorneys to keep their victims silent. Since going to court
is ridiculously expensive, and the majority of courts are corrupt and biased
towards those who can afford to purchase "more justice", the victim undergoes a high risk of being fined
when sued by a wealthy and/or powerful person. Everyone
knows the outcome of refusing to pay a fine imposed by a court: the
individual goes to jail, and if he
resists incarceration, he will be killed by the police. In other
words, threating to sue is implicitly threatening the use of physical force.

Blackmail is the offer of trade. It is the offer to trade something,
usually silence, for some other good, usually money. If the offer of the
trade is accepted, the blackmailer then maintains his silence and the
blackmailed pays the agreed-upon price. When the blackmailer demands
more than the secret is worth, his demand will not be met and blackmailer
simply exercise his rights of free speech and publicize the secret.
Blackmail and the "threat" of blackmail serve as deterrents to murderers,
thieves, swindlers, embezzlers, cheaters, and rapists. The only
"weapon" at the disposal of the blackmailer is the truth, and only the truth
to back up his "threats". Making blackmail illegal actually
protects and encourages immoral behavior. People wishing
to outlaw blackmail are often people trying to avoid responsibilities, that
is, the outcome of their very own actions.

When false libels
are outlawed, the average person tends to believe that all derogatory
reports spread about people are true, “otherwise they’d sue for libel.” This
situation discriminates against the poor, since poorer people are less
likely to file suits against libelers. Hence, the reputations of poorer or
less wealthy persons are liable to suffer more now, when libel is outlawed,
then they would if libel were legitimate. Since everyone should know
that false stories are legal at Village Libre, there will be far more
skepticism on the part of the reading or listening public, who would insist
on far more proof and believe fewer derogatory stories than they do now.

So what can be done in the case someone is proclaiming false information?
Please bear in mind there is no Ministry of Truth at Village Libre,
and in most cases, what is true and false is just an opinion subject to
disagreement. An individual claiming being a victim of defamation is free to
contact the Civic Society of the defamer /
slanderer and prove the information is false. Freedom of association
means each Civic Society has total freedom to accept and reject members,
using whatever procedure, including tossing a coin. Since the
reputation of each Civic Society rests on the reputation of its members, the
Civic Society is likely to provide a
hearing, and based on the evidence, will pressure the defamer to stop, and/or
perhaps instruct the defamer to pay restitution to the victim if the
defamation resulted in a clear damage towards the property of the victim. If the
defamer refuses to comply, the Civic Society may decide to expel him.
At Village Libre, citizenship is tied to a Civic Society; if no Civic
Society wishes to accept an individual, that individual loses his
citizenship, including his right to own land.
Ostracism is also a very
powerful tool: people are free to refuse doing business with a defamer, and
further, refuse doing business with an organization sponsoring a defamer.

Freedom of speech does not mean the right to threat using physical
force. For instance, making threats of beating an individual is not
protected under freedom of speech. Freedom of speech does not mean the
right to invite others to join "your gang" to loot the minority after
winning an election. Inciting people to vote for a politician
promising any kind of redistribution is considered an incitement to commit a
crime. Although people are free to express themselves at Village
Libre, they are forbidden to persuade any
Government Person to violate the Constitution. For instance,
declaring "the government should do x", as in "the government
should provide free health care", may appear harmless, however the statement
is soliciting violence by implying "the government should jail (or kill)
dissents and/or people refusing to fund x". People must understand all
government actions are compulsory, and taxation is not voluntary.
People violating the Constitution shall receive a
Treason Warning.

If something shall be
done, then it should be done without the initiation of violence. An
individual "wishing the government to do x" shall contact his
Civic Society and ask them to "do x".
Civic Societies are voluntary associations, and if an idea is good for
society, it is likely one Civic Society will adopt the idea much quicker
than any governmental bureaucracy. If the idea produces positive
results, then other Civic Societies will follow the lead. Again, there
is no need to initiate violence towards individuals for adopting a good
idea.

To foster freedom of speech and/or to rectify any injustice, the Government of Village Libre has the duty
to publish on its website any open letter written in professional manner.
This way, if a policy or treaty is violating the property of others, then a civilized
discussion may take place where both parties can express their opinions
while giving an opportunity for the rest of the world to read and learn
about
the topic. At Village Libre, we do not consent to bullying or
mafia-style ultimatums such as "Obey or Die". If a group of people believe an
individual at Village Libre has violated their property, and unable to
get restitution via our polycentric legal system, then the group has the
responsibility to write an open letter which will be published on the
Government Website. The plaintiffs must be in good faith and
willing to have a recorded debate with anyone willing to challenge them.
All video(s) of the debate(s) must be freely available to download on the
Internet. When there are no new arguments to the discussion, a
Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars
will provide a written essay justifying their decision. The Jury's decision
may require the individual to pay restitution for violating the property of
others, otherwise the faulty individual will be expelled from Village Libre.

The Bill of Norms is similar as a Bill of Rights, however
different in two ways: First, rights are inalienable; they do not come
from a document such as a Constitution, nor from any group of people,
including a government or a state.
Consequently, having a Bill of Rights in a constitution is
implicitly stipulating that people have rights because the Constitution
authorizes the government to grant those rights to the people, or put
differently, that without a Bill of Rights, people would not have
those rights. Second, we want to define the social norms which are the
explicit and implicit rules specifying what behaviors are acceptable at
Village Libre. People joining our community must agree to respect our
values and beliefs, including our effort to develop and maintain a culture
of individual liberty.

This Bill of Norms is written in the first person to inspire people to
make a personal commitment towards a moral code:

Bill of Norms

I own my body and consequently nobody has any authority to use force to act against my wishes. Thus, I engage myself to never coerce
others, and never threaten to initiate force to coerce others.

I own my thoughts and I have the right to think whatever I want.
My beliefs are my property, as they do not belong to anyone else.
What I think of others is private to me. Likewise, others are free
to think of me according to their values. My "reputation" is
the subjective feelings and attitudes held by other people towards
me. Since no one can ever truly own the mind and attitude of
another, this means that no one can literally have a property right
in his "reputation."

Since I own my body, I am free to use my body to
express myself verbally, by gestures, and also by writing my opinions. The corollary
also means I have the right to remain silent, including the right to refuse
writing anything, such as
signing a contract. I engage myself to respect the rights of others
to express their opinions even in the case I disagree or dislike them.
I also engage myself to never use coercion, including
intimidation of threat of force to silence others.

I have the right to acquire and exchange property with other
individuals willing to trade with me. Consequently
I engage myself to respect the property of others and their right to
acquire and exchange their property. Property means the exclusive ownership
of a scarce resource.

I have the right to refuse contracting with anyone without
justifying myself. My right includes refusing any kind
of money, including Bitcoins, gold and silver. To respect the right of
others to freely contract, I will never
promote any Central Bank, nor any national currency, nor any legal tender law.

I will pay my fair share of society, which means, I will pay for my
own expenses. My freedom creates no obligations towards others. I am free to marry and have children, however I will never attempt to coerce others to pay for my family expenses,
such as food, education, medical services and retirement. If I
cannot afford some expenses, I will seek the generosity of others to
help me.

I will not envy others. On the free market, everyone earns
according to his productive value in satisfying consumer desires. I
recognize being a successful entrepreneur at Village Libre is actually a
blessing to society. Being successful and accumulating wealth from
voluntary exchanges is not a crime.

I understand doing nothing is not a crime, and I will never accuse or convict
anyone of a crime for simply doing nothing.

I am free to act according to my beliefs and values.
Consequently, I am fully responsible of my actions. Others are
also responsible of their actions. I will do my
best seeking
justice by protecting the innocent from being punished for the actions
or crimes of someone else.

I have the right to defend myself and my justly acquired property,
using whatever tools necessary. I also have the right to seek help
assisting me defending my property. I will not take the property of
others without their consent, nor will attempt to ask someone to steal
on my behalf, nor will I partake in theft.

I will seek peace with neighbor nations and will not foster illegal
activities. If a product is illegal outside Village Libre, I will
not attempt to use Village Libre to produce such product and export/sell it
where it is illegal.

I have the freedom to choose my profession. Consequently, I
will respect the rights of other to choose their profession and I will
never use any form of coercion, including licensing, to suppress others from exercing a
profession similar to mine.

Provide a mechanism for Citizens to vote directly on the budget
allowed for the Village Council.

Develop and maintain the Government Website to
communicate effectively with the population.

This is a partial list of activities forbidden to the Government
of Village Libre. In other words, it is an act of treason for the
Mayor or any Government Person to
impose and/or fund
any of the following activity:

The Government cannot invest, give, borrow or lend any kind of money, including, but not limited to,
Bitcoins, gold and silver.

The Government is forbidden to spy, eavesdrop/wiretap, contact, spam, harass, jail, torture or kill any
person (individual or business).
Only a Government Officer, such as the Mayor or Webmaster, may himself initiate a contact with a Citizen strictly
for purchasing goods and services related to the printing of Government Documents, maintenance of
the Government Website, or the election of
Government Officers, as authorized in
this Constitution.

The Government cannot force any individual to pay, or command him to do
anything against his wish. Likewise the Government has no right to force any
kind of servitude such as "military conscription", "jury duty" or "forced to
testify in court". At anytime, the individual is free to refuse paying
anything the Government and/or disobeying the Government without any
risk of being incarcerated.

There are three Branches of Government at Village Libre: the Executive
Branch, the Oversight Branch and the Judicial Branch.
The Executive Branch is composed of five (5) independent
Government Officers
paid from Fees for providing services and Government Documents
such as a driver license and the registration of a land title. The Oversight Branch
is directed by the Village Council having the
duty to supervise the seven (7) Government Officers paid by Taxes. The Judicial Branch is
provides a framework for resolving disputes between
individuals and/or businesses, as well as resolving Constitutional Disputes. Notice there is no Legislative
Branch, as the rulemaking is the responsibility of
Civic Societies,
Accredited Organizations and
Dispute Resolution Organizations
(DROs) for creating a network of voluntary contracts.

Although this Government Structure may appear complex, it is rather
simple considering the level of details in the chart above. The red line
means all Government Transactions are audited and must be encrypted using a
randomly selected Public Key from a Civic Society, and the encrypted data
sent to the Bookkeepers which are responsible of safekeeping those encrypted
records until ordered by a
Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars
or the Village Council.
The dotted blue line means the
Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars
or the Village Council
has the authority to grant an audit by ordering the Bookkeepers to release
the relevant encrypted records to the Civic Societies so they may use their
Private Keys to decrypt the records and send them to the
Audit Committee.

Here is a written summary of the
government and social structure of Village Libre:

The Mayor, having a similar role as a President,
may be considered the representative of Village Libre (under carefully
guarded conditions) in relation with other nations. The Mayor has the
authority to meet with other head of state and/or negotiate
Treaties with other nations. The Mayor is an entrepreneur earning his income by selling Government Documents to
Accredited Organizations and
Civic Societies. To prevent corruption or collusion, all Print Jobs
from the Print Office and
Passport Office are
audited. The Mayor is
elected from a general election of the Citizen of Village Libre.

The Chief Land Registrar is an independent executive officer responsible
of maintaining the Land Registry database.
His duties is maintaining the integrity of the database and providing APIs
and Webservices to Land Registrars to conduct
transfers of land ownership. The Chief Land Registrar is elected by
the Land Registrars.

The Vehicle Registrar is an independent executive officer responsible of
maintaining a database of vehicle ownership. The purpose of this
database is to ensure vehicle meet pollution tests and the owner of the
vehicle respects driving safety code. As a rule of thumb, if a vehicle
is doing speeding, then the owner of the car will be fined. The
Vehicle Registrar is elected by vehicle owners.

The Gun Registrar is an independent executive officer responsible of
maintaining a database of individuals allowed to purchase weapons, and to
register all guns and amunitions owned by the Militia Academy. The Gun
Registrar does not decide who is allowed to purchase weapons and does not
keep track of weapons purchased by indivdiuals; it only facilitates
communications between sellers of weapons and
Civic Societies authorizing Citizens the purchase of weapons.
For details, please read Gun Registry.

The Treasurer is an independent executive officer responsible of
collecting all Taxes and Fees, and paying
each and every Government Officers The purpose of the Treasurer is to ensure
all
Government Officers are paid
weekly as well as providing Financial Transparency and a reliable mechanism
for auditing all Government Transactions. The Treasurer is elected by
other Government Officers who are responsible of paying him.

the maintenance of the Government Website,
provide Border Security, supervise the Elections of Government Officers and
conduct auditing of every Government Officers.

The Village Council is funded mostly from taxes levied on
Civic Societies, and sometimes from fees paid by
Accredited Organizations when issuing
a Visitor Visa. To prevent the Village Council to abuse its taxing
power, the tax amount is determined by the Citizens, each having a direct
vote on the tax amount. Each Citizen may login to the
Government Website and enter the tax amount (between 0 and 5 Man-Hours
per year) he wishes to fund the Village Council. If a Citizen abstains
from voting, then the President of his Civic Society may vote on his
behalf. The
Vote Keeper maintains a database recording each
vote and the average value represents the annual
taxes to be paid by each Taxpayer. To remain
in good standing, each Civic Society
must pay this tax to the Village Council according to its number of
Taxpayers. This way, the total tax
collected for the Village Council cannot exceed 5 Man-Hours per
Taxpayer per year.

Each Civic Society has the responsibility to compensate its President for any time or expense
related to the administration of the Village Council. Also, each
President has the duty to participate as a member of the Audit Committee to
audit the transactions of all
Government Officers and the three
Government Institutions: Militia
Academy, Minutemen Order and Faculty of Liberty Scholars.

The Village Council has the authority to supervise the Militia Academy award titles and diplomas to individuals who qualify as a Militia
Instructor, Militia Volunteer, and Border Agent. The funding of the
Militia Academy and its Militia Instructors may come from fees, or from the
Village Council and
individuals and organizations making donations and/or sponsoring events.
This way the Militia Academy is guaranteed a minimum funding from the
Village Council, however subject to the good graces of the public. If people are not willing to
sponsor the Militia Academy because of poor performance, corruption, or lack
of transparence, then the Militia Academy will have to live with a very lean
budget.

The Minutemen Order is another official Government Institution,
indirectly under the supervision of the Village Council. To qualify as
a Minuteman, one must qualify as a Militia Volunteer. The Militia Academy
which is under the supervision of the Village Council has the authority to
grant and revoke the title of Militia Volunteer, therefore having a veto
right on the title of Minuteman. The Minuteman Order
has the freedom to organize itself, appoint its directors and officers, and
select among the Militia Volunteers any outstanding individual qualifying as
a Minuteman. Like all Government Institutions, all transactions, which includes donations of any kind,
to the Minutemen Order are audited to prevent a group of individuals to fund,
or influence our militia for improper purpose.

The Village Council is also responsible of allocating a budget and
determining the schedule of Border Agents necessary for the
protection of
entry and exit points of Village Libre. Each Civic Society has the duty to provide a Border Agent
in proportion of its number of
Taxpayers. The compensation of the
Border Agent is any mutual agreement between an individual
having the title of Border Agent and a Civic Society willing to hire
him. The Militia Academy provides training and
certification to Border
Agents, including awarding them a certificate or diploma.

The Faculty of Liberty Scholars is a Government Institution somewhat like
a Supreme Court, however dealing only with Constitutional Disputes.
The Faculty has the authority to award the title of
Liberty Scholar to
distinguished individuals who are considered scholars of liberty.
Citizens having the title of Liberty Scholar may volunteer to become a
member of a Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars, should a Constitutional Dispute
arise. The Faculty is funded through charity only (no taxes), so the people have the power
to vote with their wallets if dissatisfied with the integrity of the
Faculty of Liberty Scholars.

The Jury is an independent institution composed of Jury Volunteers.
The Faculty of Liberty Scholars has the authority to establish the guidelines and requirements to
qualify as a Jury Volunteer. The Village Council
and/or the Faculty of Liberty Scholars have
authority to award the title of Jury Volunteer, provided the individual
passed the written exam to qualify. All Juries are paid by the parties in dispute (pay-per-use). Jury Volunteers are randomly
selected from the Jury Pool and compensated according to the median salary
of Jury Volunteers.

The Market

A
Civic Society is an independent organization funded by its
members, such as Citizens, Residents and Visitors. It is up to
each Civic Society to determine its rules and fees, and what services to
offer to its members. Civic Societies are local governments
responsible of education, health care, welfare and protection of their
members. To remain in good standing, a Civic Society must have written contracts with three (3)
Dispute Resolution Organizations
(DROs) willing to arbitrate their disputes. Willing Civic Societies may
participate in the auditing of Government
Transactions by providing a key to
encrypt and decrypt Government
Transactions.

An
Accredited Organization is a group of Citizens having the
authority to certify individuals, and/or order Government
Documents, such as Diplomas, Certificates, Driver Licenses, Visitor
Cards. Accredited Organizations have the authority to sponsor Visitors
(tourists) and sponsor individuals as Certified Professionals.
Similar as a Civic Society, an Accredited Organization must have written
contracts with three (3)
Dispute Resolution Organizations
(DROs) to remain in good standing.

A Prison Operator is an Accredited
Organization specializing in keeping criminals physically confined for
the purpose of preventing them from committing more crimes, or as a
punishment for committing crimes.

A Work-for-Food Coordinator is an
Accredited Organization having the
authority to grant Work-for-Food Visas to help poor individuals finding work
in exchange for food. The second purpose of the Work-for-Food
Coordinator is helping those individuals finding permanent employment.

A wise and frugal government, which shall leave men free to
regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take
from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned.-- Thomas Jefferson

Assuming each Government Officer is
elected despite promising the maximum allowed tax rate, the total taxes per year
would represent 4 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 6 + 5 = 25 Man-Hours.
In such a worse-case scenario, the
typical worker will have to contribute 25 hours of his work per year to pay
his share of taxes. Once every 6 years, there is an election for the
Mayor, which adds a tax of one hour, meaning an
amortized average of 10 minutes of extra work per year. Assuming
everyone earns the median income, and a typical week includes 30 hours of
work, and people take 3 months (13 weeks) of vacation pear year, then the
maximum size of the Government would be about 2% of the GDP. Since people
under 25 and over 65 are exempt from taxes, the actual
taxes as a percent of GDP is much
lower. If Taxpayers work more than 30 hours per week, or take less
than 3 months of vacation per year, or earn more than the median salary
(which is almost always the case), then the maximum
size of the Government will be a much smaller percentage of GDP.

Please bear in mind that Government Officers are elected with a binding
contract regarding how much to tax. Citizens are free to vote for a candidate
promising low taxes. All taxes are paid by
Civic Societies according to
their number of Taxpayers.

While Village Council is not a
Government Officer, it receives
income from taxes to pay for its expenditures such as maintenance of
offices, utility, office equipment and computers necessary for the Audit
Committee, the supervision of the Militia Academy. Civic Societies
have the duty to compensate their Presidents whose duties is participating
as Councellors for the Village Council.

Are "Taxes" defined in this Constitution really taxes? According to
some scholars, they are not taxes because one is not obliged to pay them, or
forced to
join a Civic Society. For instance, an individual born in Village
Libre may live his entire life without contracting with any Civic Society,
and consequently would pay zero taxes. On the other
hand, for practical purpose, the enjoyment of life is severely restricted to
any individual not joining a Civic Society. Such individual will
not able to sponsor Visitors, unable to receive a
Government Document such as a
diploma from an Accredited Organization,
or a Drivers License, Passport, Birth Certificate,
and so on. As a result, we call them Taxes because they are
somewhat mandatory. Besides, everyone knows what a tax is and it
makes life simpler to call them taxes than creating a new name describing
the action of taking money from the population to pay for governmental
expenditures.

A Taxpayer is an individual whose Civic Society
pays Taxes on his behalf. Although
individuals do not pay taxes directly to the Government, their Civic Society
must pay them on their behalf. Failure to pay the Taxes will result in
the Civic Society (and all its members) to lose its status of
good standing.

Any individual residing more than 6 month in Village Libre automatically becomes a taxpayer.
Therefore, when a Civic Society or an Accredited
Organization is sponsoring a Visitor, the sponsor implicitly agrees to
pay Taxes if the Visitor stays more than 6 months. Once a Visitor is a
taxpayer, he may apply to become a Resident, and one year later, may apply to
become a Citizen.

To help students and retired people, anyone younger than 25 or older than
65 is exempted from paying taxes. For instance, a Civic Society of
seniors would pay zero taxes for all its Residents and Citizens are over 65.

Likewise, people with disabilities are exempted
from paying taxes. To qualify as a disabled individual, one must get
three (3) signatures: one from an officer of his Civic Society, one from an
officer of another Civic Society, and one signature from an officer of a
Dispute Resolution Organization
(all in good standing) asserting the individual has a disability. Any
disabled individual must have his name, picture and description of the
disability displayed on the Government Website.
This way, if an individual is cheating, everyone will know. There is
nothing shameful having a disability, however it is immoral to pretend being
disabled to avoid paying taxes. People with physical disabilities are
anyone blind, deaf, mute, non-functional or missing hand, unable to walk
without crutches or similar device, or unable to obtain a Driver License due
a medical condition (poor sight, epilepsy). Mentally
disabled individuals must have a guardian (tutor) and cannot cross the
border without him. Mentally disabled individuals are not allowed to become
Citizens, cannot sponsor (invite) Visitors, cannot have a Driver License,
nor can receive a diploma or a certificate. This way, if someone wants to
avoid taxes by playing the game he is mentally disabled, so be it, however
his life will be quite boring. An individual who qualifies as a
disabled individual may nevertheless choose to be a taxpayer for not having
his name and picture displayed on the Government Website.

Citizens exempt from taxes may only vote the Mayor, and cannot
vote to elect other Government Officers, nor vote for a
Treaty or a Surcharge. An individual younger than 25 or older than 65 may choose
to become a taxpayer if interested in politics, or wishing to contribute to
fund the Government. For instance, in order to receive a ballot to vote, one must have been a
Citizen-Residing-Taxpayer for more than one year, and to qualify as a runner for office as a
Government Officer, one must have been a Citizen-Residing-Taxpayer for more
than 6 years.

Any voluntary taxpayer may add the title "Voluntary Taxpayer" to
his ID card.

A Citizen-Residing-Taxpayer is an individual who is a Citizen residing in
Village Libre and also a Taxpayer. As a rule of thumb, only
Citizen-Residing-Taxpayers are allowed to vote. This rule is important
to prevent individuals not living at Village Libre to control those living
within the Village. Allowing non-residing-citizens to vote is likely
to result in the election of the cheapest Webmaster, Privacy Guard, and
voting down any improvement in border security, or any
Treaty on pollution. Likewise, people not paying taxes are not
allowed to decide how the tax money should be spent.

A Surcharge is another tax to fund a specific project such as building a fence around Village Libre or
constructing the Militia Academy. This Constitution authorizes the Village Council
to solicit bids from entrepreneurs and publish them on the Government Website. Citizens
may vote which bid(s) they approve, including
an option
to oppose funding a specific project. The bid receiving the highest
Net Votes
(approvals) is the winner, provided it has the
Absolute Net Majority of approvals.
Civic Societies have the obligation to transfer the gold according to their
number of Taxpayers to the entrepreneur winning the
bid. To prevent an abusive surcharge, a Civic Society having more than
50% of its Citizens opposing it must pay per Taxpayer according to the
percentage of Citizens approving the project. This way, if every
Citizen from a Civic Society oppose funding a project, then no member of
this Civic Society will have to fund this project.

The concept of a surcharge is an effective mechanism to fund cultural
events. For instance, the Village Council wishes to organize an event
for Christmas however all the tax money has already
been allocated (spent). The Village Council may publish on the Government Website
different bids consulting how much the Citizens wish to fund for the event.
Although Residents do not directly vote, they have the freedom to join a
Civic Society of like minded. For instance, all atheists may form a
Civic Society, and if all of them oppose the funding of a Christmas event,
then their Civic Society will pay nothing at all.

The Vote Keeper is responsible of recording
each vote and display for each bid, the Net Votes
of each Civic Society.

The Webmaster may collect a maximum one (1) hour of the
Median Hourly Wage per member of each Accredited
Organization. For instance, if an Accredited
Organization has 26 members and the Median
Hourly Wage is 0.1 gram of gold, then the Webmaster may collect a
maximum of 2.6 grams of gold during the year. Since the fees are paid
on a weekly basis, the Accredited Organization will have to pay the
Webmaster 0.5 gram each week. Of course, the weekly amount may vary.
If the Accredited Organization has double its membership by the end of the
year, it may have to double its weekly payment.

The Webmaster is elected on a contractual basis. During election
times, the individuals wishing to be elected as Webmaster must submit their
fees. A webmaster may promise a flat fee per Accredited
Organization, while another webmaster may propose a small annual fee with
a fee according to the number of members. The webmaster may also
collect extra fees for disk storage or bandwidth if justified, however
cannot collect more than twice the cost of it. For instance, an Accredited
Organization may wish to store videos on the Government Website.
If the cost of disk storage and bandwidth is sufficient to be justified, the
Webmaster may collect extra. If the Webmaster wishes collect such
extra fees, those fees must apply for each Accredited
Organization. A Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars
has the authority to rule if there is a dispute regarding those fees.

If a Civic Society does not pay its tax, then the Treasurer has the
duty to remove the status of "Good Standing" from the Civic Society
until the tax is paid in full. Also, the Treasurer has the duty to
withhold 25% of income from every Government Officer as a
Loyalty Bonus, and
withhold the appropriate percentage for the Performance Bonus.

The purpose of the Loyalty Bonus is giving an incentive to
Government Officers to obey the
Constitution. This bonus is accumulated in a special trust account for as
long as the individual is working for the Government, and paid only at the
moment of his retirement from service. No bonus shall be given to any
impeached Government Officer for violating the Constitution.

Each Government Officer ending his contract without impeachment is entitled
to a
bonus corresponding to 25% of what he received during his term of service.
Consequently, 25% of the income for each Government Officer must be set
aside
in a special account in Cold Storage. When a
Candidate wishes to be elected as a
Government Officer, he must write on his contract the required budget he
would like to receive to perform his duties as a Government Officer. The
contract must include the total cost which includes the Loyalty Bonus and
Performance Bonus to be paid by by Taxes and/or Fees. This contract is made public on the
Government Website so Citizens may read it
and decide on which Candidate to elect (Civic Societies have
Seats to elect Government Officers, and
Citizens have the option to cast votes directly on the Seats allocated to
their Civic Society).
Each Civic Society has the duty to pay its taxes in proportion of its
Taxpayers. Consequently, each week, 25% of all
taxes and fees must be set aside into
a trust for the Loyalty Bonus of each
Government Officer.

The purpose of a Performance Bonus is giving an incentive to
Government Officers
to abide to their contract. This way, incompetence and/or broken
promises will cost the Government Officer a percentage of his income. The
Performance Bonus corresponds to 10% of the income of the Government
Officer, however some positions where the privacy and data security is very
important, the Perfomance Bonus may be as high as 50%. For instance, the
Performance Bonus of the Webmaster is 10%. If there is a data breach of the
Government Website, then the Webmaster loses his 10%. The Webmaster is
entitled his Loyalty Bonus (unless he commited an act of treason), however
will lose his Performance Bonus for incompetence. In the case of
incompetence, the Performance Bonus is to the General Fund.

The performance bonus varies according to the responsibility of the
Government Officer. For instance, if the names the Webmaster has a 10%
Performance Bonus. If by accident the Webmaster leaks the emails, or names
or pictures of Citizens, then he will loose his Performance Bonus. If such
an accident happen, the Privacy Guard may also loose his Performance Bonus
Government Website leaks

Government Officer

Performance Bonus

Example of a reason to lose the Performance
Bonus

Director of Elections

50%

Any kind of "irregularity" in the election process.

Vote Keeper

50%

Disclosing of voting.

Treasurer

50%

Missing funds or unaccounted funds, leaked transactions.

Privacy Guard

25%

Data breach such as names and pictures leaking out.

Chief Border Security

25%

Data breach disclosing Border Activity.

Gun Registrar

25%

Data breach regarding who is in the database.

Others

10%

Not fulfilling their duties according to the Constitution.

Bonus Payout

The Loyalty Bonus and Performance Bonus are withheld in Cold Storage for
as long as the
Government Officer is in office, including being re-elected. The longer
someone is in power, the greater risk of corruption. Therefore, the greater
the bonus, the bigger the incentive to obey the Constitution.

When the
Government Officer retires from service, the other Government
Officers unlock the Bitcoins from Cold Storage and transfer them to the
Treasurer having the duty to disburse the bonuses on 50 weekly payments of
equal amount. The purpose of disbursing the bonuses over 50 weeks is giving
an incentive for the Government Officer to obey the Constitution until its
last day, and hopefully nothing Unconstitutional is discovered when a new
Government Officer takes office. If a Government Person
is impeached, then the amount of the bonus is transferred to
the General Fund.

Bonus Trickle Down

A
Government Officer may decide to apply the same policies to his
employees and contractors. To some extent, a Government Officer is the
head of his "department" and has the discretion to hire anyone he wishes to
assist him to perform his duties. It is up to the Government Officer
and his helpers to establish the rules on to share the Loyalty
Bonus and Performance Bonus, however if an employee and contractors
misbehave, it is the Government Officer who will first lose his bonus.

Profits of Government Officers

Government Officers are elected as entrepreneurs, keeping the profits of
their department. Each Government Officer has a binding contract for his
budget, rewarded by profits and subject to personal bankruptcy if running a
deficit.

Bankruptcy of Government Officers

A Government Officer may go bankrupt if his expenses are higher than what
he earns from Taxes and Fees. If a Government Officer promised to
perform his duties for a specific amount of Man-Hours, then he is not
allowed to receive any increase during his term.

The term General Fund is the name given to a special account to keep gold
that does not belong to anyone. For instance, if the Mayor is
impeached, then he cannot receive his bonus.
This begs the question: who is entitled to receive that money? Giving
the bonus to the next Mayor is not fair and may even create an incentive
for Mayoral Candidates to impeach the current Mayor just to receive
his bonus. In a related case, the General Fund may also receive gold from a Juror who
declined for 3 consecutives times the request to be present on a Jury, yet
wants to remain on the Jury Pool. To show good faith, the Juror must
contribute one hour of the Jury Wage to the General Fund which will reset
the counter to zero. At Village Libre, the Jurors are paid, however
they also have the responsibility to make themselves available when their
names are selected as a member of a Jury. By having a fee to the
Jurors who are unavailable, the Jury Pool is likely to contain a list of
reliable individuals and available as Jurors for a Trial by Jury.

The gold from General Fund could be given to charity, however the
question remains: which charity organization? The fairest solution is
distributing the gold to the entire population, however this is not a
trivial solution because transaction cost would be high. Besides, some
individuals pay no taxes, so it make no sense to return their share of money
they have not paid. As a result, the gold from the General Fund is
held for a minimum of 90 days after the last dispute has been resolved (in
case a new dispute arise) and then
transferred to the Village Council. The
Village Council is represented by the presidents of each
Civic Society, so
to some extent, the Village Council represents the population. It is
likely the Village Council will find no difficulty spending any money coming from
the General Fund.

Collection of Taxes and Fees

Limit the income of the Government, and consequently to limit its size.

Prevent any direct taxation where the individual (or business) has to send money to the Government.

Protect the financial privacy of individuals. Any form of tax,
such as Property Tax, Income Tax or Sales Tax, requires the individual
(or business) to disclose private financial details, such as assets,
income and expenses.

Protect the personal privacy of individuals. Since the
Government cannot receive any money directly from individuals, the
Government has no business knowing the address where people live.

Prevent the Government to sell any service, such as Social Security,
to buy votes from a group of individuals. Selling governmental
services is a big threat to individual freedom: in the beginning the
service is subsidized by the taxpayers, so people are voluntary
purchasing it because they receive more from the service than they pay
for it. Later, the "service" becomes mandatory forcing everyone to
send money to the Government.

Ensure privacy of document in the Audit Report. If individuals
were allowed to purchase Government
Documents directly, then it would be very difficult to audit those
transactions without disclosing the names of the individuals who
purchased those documents. Since
transactions are aggregated by Civic Societies and by a
Civic Society or an
Accredited Organizations the Audit Report does
not disclose any private information about individuals, however gives a
clear account regarding the overall activities of each organization. Civic Society,
such as a Civic Society specializing in tourism and sponsoring
Visitors.

Prevent a group of individuals to purchase influence in
Government and/or control the population. It is much more difficult for a
group of individuals to purchase influence when such activities are
illegal and all transactions are audited. Certainly individuals
with special interests may secretly
send money to a Government Person, however such practice is quite risky, because if
one party get caught, or denounce the other, then the deal is over...
with consequences of treason. Also, making a
secret agreement with a Government Person is likely to be short lived,
because after each election, the deal is over again. Government
employees cannot be hired longer than the term of the Government
Officer, and consequently, there cannot be lifetime bureaucrats at
Village Libre. Moreover, if
such a secret agreement is too secret, then the new Government Person
may believe the proposal is a trap for impeachment, and likely to
refuse, or denounce the individual(s) trying to purchase influence as
traitor(s). When a group of individuals is lobbying the Government,
they want a stable structure to legalize their activities which would
otherwise be considered criminal. For
instance, the counterfeiting of money is one of the oldest crimes in
history, as the Coinage Act of 1792 stipulates that debasing
or making the currency to "be of less weight or value" was considered
treasonous and was punishable by death. Today, the act of
counterfeiting money, that is creating money out of nothing, is not only
legalized, but praised by the mainstream media and academics. Those teaching mainstream
economics urge the Establishment to print more money to "save the economy"
by
bailing out the very same group who wrecked the economy.
Counterfeiting in secrecy could never work, both from a legal
perspective and from an economic standpoint, because the victims would
seek restitution from theft, or simply refuse to accept the counterfeited
money. It would seem impossible, for example, to establish legal tender laws in favor of some debased coin, or of
some fractional-reserve banknote, if the latter are per se illegal. To circumvent this impasse, the banking Elite enters in a
partnership with the government requesting a special legislation (law)
authorizing them to create money out of nothing, with an extra provision to
legalize coercion by forcing the population to use
their fiat currency. Without such law, no fiat currency would ever come into
existence, and consequently no money could be created out of nothing.
In exchange, the banking Elite promise to the government the privilege of
borrowing their fiat money, with interest, therefore having the
taxpayers on the hook. Everyone knows what happens
next: the government becomes in a perpetual debt bondage, and so is the
rest of the population where almost everyone must borrow money to buy a
house, car, or start a business. Fiat money has the power to
enslave an entire nation where only a minority of intellectuals
understanding sound economics is capable to explain what is going on.
The large majority of the population becomes addicted to easy money and
begging for cheap credit, thus aggravating the situation furthermore.
Professors and those so-called "economic experts" keep
educating brainwashing the population about the virtues of
printing money, supposedly the panacea for poverty, scarcity and
unemployment, however the sad reality is the complete opposite.
Unemployment remains high, and those fortunate to find employment must
work harder and harder just to make ends meet, sending a large
percentage of their income to banks just to pay interests on their
debts. For instance, on a typical mortgage for a house or factory, the
banks will collect more in interests than what the workers would ever
receive to manufacture the raw materials and build the structure. With
just a few keystrokes on a computer, the bank has the power to instantly
create money for a loan, and during the lifetime of this loan, the bank
will collect more income from interests than what was paid to the people
who actually did the work. Creating fiat money is a very profitable
business... granting unlimited power to banks to rob the productive
labor of others with little effort. Since banks are creating new money
when making a loan, they have no need for savers. Sure, someone
saving fiat money is always good for the banks so they plunder his
assets by printing money which reduces the purchasing power of those
savings. What banks prefer is
having more and more people borrowing their money and collecting
interests on these loans. Banks have no objections to Government taxes,
because the poorer the people are, the more desperate they are to borrow
money (at a higher interest rate) just for purchasing goods such as a
house, car, or food. Besides, the bulk of Government taxes are
eventually collected by the Elite, so taxation is really a blessing for
them. It is no coincidence there is a continuous erosion of the middle
class with a corresponding accumulation of wealth by the Billionaire
Club. The richest individuals are advocating more Government taxes and
regulations to cripple small entrepreneurs. Just listen to Bill Gates
and Warren Buffett lobbying for more taxes and regulations, however
having themselves their private a tax-free foundation and the best plug
for insider trading on government transactions, including bailing out
speculators who should morally and financially go bankrupt. Perhaps we
should redefine the word hypocrisy regarding those men having the
audacity to proclaim helping the poor and fostering equality.
Worse than paying taxes and interests on loans made of fiat money is the
hidden tax of inflation. Inflation is a concealed tax collected directly
by the banks to further enrich their shareholders (the true shareholders
are often unknown as it is the case of most Central Banks, including the
Federal Reserve). Those who benefit by inflation do so, and must do so,
at the expense of others. Inflation is the most powerful tax of all,
capable to rob the purchasing power of the entire existing money supply,
including any money hidden under a mattress. Inflation is so powerful
that it has the power to destroy an entire economy, causing mass
unemployment and often causing violent conflicts such as riots and a
civil war. Fiat money is the cause of inflation, and the amount
which people lose in purchasing power is exactly the amount which was
taken from them and transferred to the banking Elite by this process. Inflation, however small, is evil, unless, of course, you
listen to a brainwashed cog, or an intellectual paid by and working for
the financial Elite. Just as a reminder, inflation is, by
definition, an increase of the money supply. When a bank is making a
loan by creating money out of nothing, the bank is creating inflation.
Inflation rewards consumption and punishes savings, thus depleting the
pool of real savings, the accumulation of capital necessary for job
creation and economic growth. Under inflation, the time preference of
individuals is shifted from deferred gratification (investing) to
instant gratification (living beyond their means on borrowed money).
Inflation creates an illusion of wealth, distorting the allocation of
capital and the methods of production, thus sparking an unsustainable
boom. Its unavoidable aftermath, the readjustment of conditions to the
real data of the market, often called a
recession, crisis, or depression, depending on the intensity of the
correction. The bust, however painful, is the
only cure for liquidating such malinvestments. Inflation has also a
negative effect on the consumers. The most notable effect of
inflation is the rising of
prices of goods and services. The loss of purchasing power is the
result of a direct wealth transfer from people holding money (the
consumers and savers) to the banking Elite. As a
result, people have to work harder and harder just to keep up with the
cost of. Inflation has also a
negative effect on the consumers. The most notable effect of
inflation is the rising of
prices of goods and services. The loss of purchasing power is the
result of a direct wealth transfer from people holding money (the
consumers and savers) to the banking Elite. As a
result, people have to work harder and harder just to keep up with the
cost of living
surviving. When prices increase faster than income,
people must either reduce their spending or borrow money in order to
maintain the same quality of living. Borrowing becomes such a
social habit that it becomes the norm to borrow money for essential
things of life, such as education, health care, shelter, transportation,
energy, clothing and food. The borrowing situation reaches a
tipping point where there is just not enough money in the system to pay
those loans. The interest on those loans require the borrower to
pay more than what he borrowed, however since almost everyone is in
debt, the entire money supply cannot to pay the principal and interest
of all outstanding loans. The effect of paper asset devaluation
would render every nation, corporation, and individual, insolvent.
To remain solvent, the banks must continue to inflate the money supply,
otherwise there is a systemic failure of their pyramid scheme of fiat
money. The banking Elite fear deflation (typically when people
deleverage their speculative "investments"), because that means they
would lose control over their source of power, the creation and spending
of money. When people and businesses are no longer borrowing
enough money, the banking Elite must resort to other methods to
inflate the money supply, such as giving away money to themselves and
bailing out their friends using fashionable term such as Quantities
Easing or a Rescue Package. To save the world from
doomsday, the banking Elite is willing to drop money by helicopter as a
mean of inflating the money supply.
The truth is a price decline is a good thing for consumers
because they may purchase goods and services at a cheaper price, or buy
more with the same amount of money.
Declining prices are also good for businesses because they may replace
their inventory at a lower cost. Just think about the constant
decline of prices of computer equipment and how it benefited the
computer industry as well as consumers. Computers made many
things cheaper, including data processing, communication and
entertainment, even to individuals who are not using computers directly. Declining prices
also rewards savers, which in turns
increases the pool of capital available necessary to fund education,
research & development and the purchase of tools necessary to increase productivity.
Without true savings, there is no capital available to entrepreneurs for
starting businesses and for hiring people. When a society has a
lot of savings, the supply of money available to borrow is large, and
consequently the cost of borrowing money is low. On the other
hand, the boom produces impoverishment. But still more disastrous are
its moral ravages. It makes people despondent and dispirited. The more
optimistic they were under the illusory prosperity of the boom, the
greater is their despair and their feeling of frustration. The
individual is always ready to ascribe his good luck to his own
efficiency and to take it as a well-deserved reward for his talent,
application, and probity. But reverses of fortune he always charges to
other people, and most of all to the absurdity of social and political
institutions. He does not blame the authorities for having fostered the
boom. He reviles them for the inevitable collapse. In the opinion of the
public, more inflation and more credit expansion are the only remedy
against the evils which inflation and credit expansion have brought
about. Inflation begs for more inflation, which eventually pushes interest
rates higher because when people expect a loss of purchasing power, they demand higher
wages and/or higher returns on their savings. When saving money is no longer
worthwhile to an individual, he will spends his money, which in
turns reduces the pool of
savings. It is not the consumption that drives the economy, but
the production of good of services. When production is strong, the
economy is healthy, and consequently, consumer spending is high. To
stimulate the economy, the population must reduce their consumption and start
saving. Unfortunately, inflation is the antithesis of savings.
Inflation constantly reduces the purchasing power of money. To some
extent, it is possible for people to protect their savings against this
trend, but this requires thorough financial knowledge, the time to
constantly supervise one’s investments, and a good dose of luck. People
who lack one of these ingredients are likely to lose a substantial part
of their assets, taking away their safety net and preventing them to
enjoy a secure retirement. Inflation creates class or group
divisions, in which the victims resent the profiteers from inflation,
and in which even the moderate gainers from inflation envy the bigger
gainers. The consequence is despair and the eradication of moral and
social standards. But it would be wrong to infer that inflation produces
this effect mainly among the elderly. These effects are especially
strong among the youth as they learn to live in the present and scorn
those who try to teach them ‘old-fashioned morality and thrift.’
Inflation thereby encourages a mentality of immediate gratification,
speculation and gambling. Inflation makes it possible for some
people to get rich by speculation and windfall instead of by hard work.
The profiteers from inflation tend to spend freely, frivolously, and
ostentatiously. This increases the resentment of those who have been
less favored. When fiat money is accepted as currency, the banking
Elite becomes the new masters. Having the privilege to create as
much money they want, the Elite has the power to
buy
rob the assets of an entire nation... with a few keystrokes on a
computer. It is estimated the Rockefellers' net worth is about 14
Trillions, and the Rothschilds' is over 100 Trillions. The wealth gap
between the Rothschilds and Bill Gates is the same gap between a
millionaire and an individual working 12 hours a day in a sweatshop just
to feed himself. Whatever the Elite want... they
get it by printing additional money necessary to persuade the individual
to sell his assets. When people are poor or find work to support their
family, and fall victim of cheap labor to big corporations controlled by
the Elite. To some extent, everything has a price, and when the price is
high enough, the owner will eventually sell his property.... including
his soul. Others, will gladly accept serving the Elite in exchange for
money, power and/or fame. The Elite controls the education centers,
directly owns the media centers, and indirectly owns all the assets
purchased on borrowed money or the financial assets denominated in fiat
money. Having no need to work for money, the Elite has the privilege to
loan money at a cheaper interest rate than the rest of the working
population. Saving money is difficult when prices keep going up and
whatever is left for savings is being eroded by inflation, thus giving
an unfair competitive advantage to the Elite to loan money. As a
result, people in need borrow fiat money from the Elite rather from
savers, thus creating more money which means more inflation. Having the
power to print an unlimited quantity of money, it is easy for the Elite
to buy support necessary to retain control over a nation. The Elite
will sponsor any economist or professor willing to sell his soul in
exchange for a pseudo-science theory worshipping fiat money. No
wonder why Keynesian Economics is being taught everywhere.
Likewise, the Elite will sponsor politicians supporting their cause,
giving them free media coverage and money for their election. If a
politician opposing the banking cartel is nevertheless elected, the
government is still obligated to service its debt which puts serious
strain on the budget and reduces the funds available for government
programs such as health care, education, social security, roads, etc.
Like most individuals and businesses, the Government's biggest expense
is paying interest on a debt created out of nothing. Banks have so much
control of the government that they are bold enough to print money to
provide themselves liquidity, and compel the government to borrow that
money with interests, despite having the taxpayers protesting against
such bailouts. This situation, where banks have total control of the
government, is present in every country. It is so widespread, than
people assume it is just the way life is. At Village Libre we have no
desire having banksters
ruling our lives. Freedom starts with a sound Constitution having
strict rules forbidding the Government to grant privileges to any group,
especially granting any monetary privileges. In our community, we
have the power to keep the fruit of our labor by rejecting legalized
falsification of money. If we tolerate having paper as legal
tender, sooner or later, we will be facing the same fate as other
nations: crouch down and kiss the feet of the new masters while begging
them to spare a few paper notes. One may argue that a group of individuals
having special interests in controlling the Government may
establish their Civic Society and "purchase" large quantities
of Government Documents in hope to gain
influence in Government, however the Audit Report would show an
unusual
ratio of documents per Citizen, and therefore exposing the deceit.

Ensure the integrity of Government Documents which increases the
recognition of our Passport and Driver License by other nations.
Respect is earned... and acting responsibly is the beginning of earning
the respect of others. Since only
Civic Societies in good standing may purchase Government Documents, it becomes almost
impossible for an individual to purchase a document, such as a Passport
or Driver License, without being properly sponsored by a Civic Society.
Any request to purchase a Government Document must come from a
Civic Society in good standing and
the payment must be made through the Treasurer which will pay the
appropriate party responsible of producing the document - typically the
Mayor whose main duty is producing most Government Documents. Once the document
is ready, the Civic Society is the only entity authorized to pick
up the document from the Print Office and
deliver it to its customer. All private information necessary for the
production of Government Documents, such as name, date of birth, and
picture, is stored in a database validated and controlled by the
Privacy Guard. The Privacy Guard
cannot release this information to the Print Office unless all rules
have been respected. For instance, a Passport may be purchased only by
a Citizen, which by definition must be a customer of a Civic Society
willing to sponsor him as a Citizen. To become a Citizen, one must have
been a Resident for a minimum of 6 months and pass the Citizenship
Test. Likewise, a Driver License may be sold only to Residents and
Citizens having a Civic Society taking responsibility to insure them
as Driver. Such simple rules ensure Visitors do not get a
Passport, Driver License,
or Residence Card, without living in Village Libre.

Urge Civic Societies to remain in
good standing. Since only Civic Societies in good standing
are allowed to purchase Government Documents, it become worthwhile for
Citizens, Residents and Visitors to join a Civic Society in good
standing. Any Civic Society not respecting its obligations is
forbidden to purchase Government Documents on behalf of its members,
which will either force the Civic Society to rectify the situation,
or see its members defect to other Civic Societies.
If individuals were allowed to directly purchase Government Documents,
then they would simply bypass their Civic Society and get the
documents themselves, thus rendering meaningless the concept of a
Civic Society in good standing, and consequently obeying the rules,
such as paying the Government Persons.
Indirectly, such rules also make each Civic Societies accountable
for the action of its Citizens, Residents and Visitors. If a
Civic Society sponsors an individual who commits a crime, then their
Restitution Reserve will be taken
away and given as compensation to the victim(s). Since Civic
Societies have something to lose, they will be more careful in their
decisions.

Make ostracism powerful and effective. An individual not
obeying the rules of a Civic Society may get kicked out, and other
Civic Societies may ostracize him. For instance, a reckless
driver may be unable to find any Civic Society willing to give him a
Driver License. If individuals were allowed to purchase Documents
directly from the Government, then those individuals could try to
negotiate a deal or bribe a Government
Person.

All groups are treated equally. By restricting the Government to
receive income only from Civic Societies, we eliminate the risk tax
discrimination where one group of individuals becomes the target of a
special tax to fund the Government. Whatever the tax is a tariff on
imports, a license fee, a sales tax, or just print money, one group will
always be more affected than others. Having the majority to decide
which group shall pay the tax will always lead to political disputes and
reduce social stability.

Ensure prices are uniform. If individuals were allowed to
purchase documents directly from the Government, then the Government
would have to accept other form of payments, including fiat (paper)
money, such as U.S Dollars or Euros because not everyone may have
Bitcoins or have the proper hardware to make mobile Bitcon payments. Consequently, the prices of
Government Documents would always
vary because of fluctuations from the exchange rate between currencies.
Without a standard currency such as Bitcoin, document prices would have to be constantly be revised
in every other currency. People and businesses would lobby the
Government for having their favorite currency accepted, and also to get
an advantageous price in their currency, thus increasing the risk
favoritism, bribes and corruption. By
using Bitcoin, and only Bitcoin, as a payment method for Government Documents, we
have a uniform mechanism to make sure everyone pays the same amount for
the same document. Civic Societies are free to collect
whatever they want from their members. For instance, a Citizen may
do community work to receive his Passport, however the Civic Society
must use Bitcoins to the Treasurer to purchase his Passport.

Prevent the creation of a fiat currency. By requiring all
Government
Transactions are done in Bitcoin, and only in Bitcoin, then the risk of having
a fiat currency has been eliminated. Only a Government has the
power to create a fiat currency by requiring taxes to be paid in the
fiat currency, thus creating a demand for that currency. Also, every Treasury must offer the option to
redeem gold in physical bullion which greatly decreases the risk of
fractional-reserve banking. Any practice of fractional-reserve
banking would be dealt by Dispute Resolution Organizations as fraud or breach of contract.

Efficiency. Although the goal of this Constitution is to keep
the Government small, a side benefit of requiring the Government to
receive gold only from Civic Societies is efficiency. First,
there is a hidden cost of receiving funds from multiple sources, and the
cost of collecting from delinquents is even greater. With
competent software developer(s), purchasing a
Government Document could be as simple as a single mouse click made
by an officer of a Civic Society. There is no need to fill any
form, because all the information is already stored in the Citizen
Database, and the software powering the Government Website is fully
capable to validate if all rules have been respected to issue the
document, trigger the Treasury to
transfer gold, and upon confirmation of the gold payment, send all the
necessary information (name, date of birth, picture) to the Print
Office, which in turn, could automatically start the production of the
requested document. It would be no surprise most Government
Documents be ready by the next business day. Civic Societies
are likely to be physically nearby the Print
Office to pick up the documents on behalf of their customers.
Efficiency also means the possibility of low prices, as a document such
as a Driver License could cost less than a coffee cup purchased in a
fast food restaurant.

Make life more enjoyable for everyone because individuals and
businesses do not have any payment due, nor have any deadline to file
anything with the Government. Only Civic Societies and
Accredited Organization have
obligations towards the Government, and their
Restitution Reserve acts
as a guarantee for the payment of their
Taxes or Fees.

It is an act
of treason for any Government
Person to accept any
payment from an individual, such as a Citizen, Resident or Visitor. When an
individual wishes
a document, he contacts his Civic Society which will purchase the document
from the Print Office on his behalf. Once
the document is ready, the Civic Society picks the document from the
Print Office and delivers it to its customer. Any
income from the sale of Government Documents go directly to the Mayor which has
the responsibility to run the Print Office.

Auditing of all Government Transactions

All Government Transactions must be
audited to produce a daily Audit Report. To ensure the integrity of
the Audit Report, every Government Transaction must be carried through an
official Treasury. Consequently it is an act of treason for a
Government Person to receive a payment or
make a payment outside an official Treasury.

The Audit Committee is has the authority to inspect all transactions of
every
Government
Institution and Government Department. This includes electronic communication between
computers, financial transactions as well as any donation made to a
Government Officer or Government Institution.

Real-Time Audit Report

The Government must display on its website every expenditure as well as
its aggregated income. Every time a
Government Person makes an expenditure on behalf of the Government, that
expenditure must be instantly posted on the
Government Website. The web page showing the Government
Expenditures must show the transaction date, transaction identifier, the
name of the recipient and his corresponding Civic Society, the description of the
transaction, as well as the approximated transaction amount (in weight of
gold). To protect the financial privacy of government employees and
contractors, the transaction amount is expressed by a range of order of
magnitude, starting with either the digit 1 or 3. For instance, a
transaction of 45 grams of gold may be expressed as 10 to 100 grams,
or as 30 to 300 grams. It is up the recipient to decide which
range he prefers others to see what quantity of gold he received from the Government.
Displaying the approximated transaction amount is important to prevent
corruption because it makes it very difficult to hide transactions
that are outside the scope of Government activities, or grossly overpriced
items such as purchasing a toilet seat costing more than the median price of
a house. Citizens may view the picture of the recipient, a yearly
summary of how much gold he received during the past 10 years, and the
details of every transaction. Citizens wishing to receive payments
(gold) from the Government must accept having their name and picture visible
to other Citizens. Transparency starts by identifying who is receiving
taxpayers' money.

The auditing of Government Income is done by grouping every 10
transactions together, and displaying the total amount of those
transactions. The idea behind grouping 10 transactions together is for
protecting the privacy of individuals purchasing
Government Documents
because the transaction amount alone could disclose the type of document
purchased, such as a visitor card, marriage certificate or birth
certificate, thus greatly compromising privacy. Following to the total
amount must be the transaction identifiers and name of the Civic Societies corresponding to those 10 transactions. Every time a
Civic Society has accumulated 10 transactions, then an entry must be visible on the
Government Website showing the total value of those 10 transactions, and the
corresponding 10 transaction identifiers. Again, to protect the
privacy of individuals, only the first digit is displayed as the total.
For instance, if the total of 10 transactions equals 28 grams of gold,
then the website will display 20 to 30. The Government Website
must display a weekly summary report for each Civic Society so people
know how much each Civic Society spent since it was establishment.
Such report is vital to reveal any Civic Society trying to
purchase influence in the Government.

Lastly, the Audit Report must show a balance sheet of each
Government Department. This is
important to show to the public how much profit a
Government Officer is making, as well as
providing valuable financial information for a candidate wishing to be
elected when drafting his budget contract. The profit is expressed by a digit starting by 1 or 3.
As a result, if the Webmaster made a yearly profit
of 2 Kg of gold, he may express his profit as between 300 and 3,000 grams,
or between 1,000 and 10,000 grams of gold.

There is no "national currency" at Village Libre. Having a
"national currency" or a Central Bank is strictly forbidden and considered
an act of Treason by any
Government Person recommending such idea.

Having a national currency restricts the freedom of individuals wishing to
trade with the medium of exchange of their choice. To provide
transparency as well as uniform mechanism of collecting
Taxes and Fees, Bitcoin has been chosen as the
medium of payment. People are free to use any medium of exchange
for their day-to-day transactions, however
Quasi-Government Organizations
must use Bitcoin when paying their Taxes and Fees.

Bitcoin is a decentralized virtual currency using peer-to-peer network technology
to operate with no central authority. Bitcoin is a product of the free
market and its value comes from willing participants using/accepting Bitcoin
as a medium of exchange. Bitcoin is the opposite of a "fiat currency"
because it is not mandated for use and acceptance by a government decree.

It is strictly forbidden to start another decentralized currency, or fork the
current blockchain, because such action would represent the creation of a
fiat currency. Any discussion of creating a new legal tender, an alternative
cryptocurrency, or forking from the current Bitcoin blockchain is considered an act
of treason by any
Government Person. If a Government
Person believes Bitcoin is inappropriate for the task, then he may recommend
a comprehensive plan for replacing Bitcoin with
Gold. The original constitution was written to use gold, however
after a careful review, Bitcoin was chosen as a superior currency because it
offers transparency in Government Transactions which greatly helps fighting
against corruption. Also, Bitcoin provides additional benefits such as
easy fungibility, instant transportation worldwide, and safety, as they
cannot be stolen or destroyed by armed thugs wishing to destabilize our
government.

A Bitcoin Address is an identifier to send and store Bitcoins, similar as
a bank account number. Sending Bitcoins to someone is as easy as
sending an electronic message to an email address. All
Bitcoin Addresses are public and so are all Bitcoin transactions. To ensure Government Transparency, all
Government Officers must publish on the
Government Website their Bitcoin
Addresses. This way, the public may know how much each Government
Officer receives and where the Bitcoins are spent. To ensure
Quasi-Government Organizations
maintain the minimum Restitution Reserve, their Bitcoin
Address holding their Restitution Reserve must ba also public on the
Government Website.

A Man-Hour is the amount of work performed by the average worker
in one hour. In this Constitution, one Man-Hour represents the median
salary of a typical worker performing one hour of work. To protect the
population from exorbitant prices, every
Government Document has a price ceiling
expressed in Man-Hours. Using Man-Hour as a metric ensures every
Government Document remains affordable to
students, retired individuals, and the "Average Joe" working in a
factory or at a retail store. For instance, in this Constitution, the
maximum price of a Driver License is 15 Man-Hours.
This way, the typical worker knows that he can purchase his Driver License
by working about two days. An individual earning half of the median
salary knows he may purchase his Driver License with less than a week of
work. Likewise, a professional or skilled worker earning more than
twice the median salary will afford a Driver License in less than a single
day of work. This median salary is an important yardstick at Village Libre
to ensure taxes,
fees and other prices defined in this Constitution
remain fair over centuries.

Value of one Man-Hour is calculated by averaging the median salary of the
top ten (10) largest retail / department / food store. People working in
service or sales do symbolize the typical worker, and consequently their
wages represent fairly the median hourly salary. The largest retail store
is determined by picking the employer doing business in Village Libre paying
the largest number of hours to its employees. This way, if a business is
hiring only part-time employees, it may not count as the largest store,
unless the sum of the hours worked by the part-time employees exceeds the
number of hours worked by the employees of the other store hiring full-time
employees. An few examples of retail stores are Wal-Mart, Target, Home
Depot and Costco.

Every quarter (4 times per year) the Treasurer has the responsibility of
updating the value of the Man-Hour metric by finding the 10 largest
employers and estimating what each employer is paying as the median wage.
The Treasury may ask how much people are earning, however people are free to
decline to answer. Calculating the median salary is much simpler than
calculating the average salary, as there is no need to know how much the top
and bottom earners are being paid. All values must be published on the
Government Website so they may be audited and criticized by Citizens.

The value of one Bitcoin is calculated by from the 7-day weighted moving
average of the largest 10 Bitcoin exchanges in the world. Again, the
Treasuer has the responsibility of finding those Bitcoin exchanges and
publishing on the Government Website the Bitcoin prices and volume exchanged
for each exchanger.

Man-Hour Disputes

If a Citizen believes the calculated value of one Man-Hour in Bitcoin is
incorrect, he has the right to submit a better calculation method. The
new proposed calculation method must be based on what is considered
scientific while providing superior stability for the value of one Man-Hour
in Bitcoin. The new calculation method must differ by at least 10%
from the existing calculation method to be elligible for a
Referendum. If the majority of the
population agrees the calculation method shall be changed, then a Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars
will resolve the issue by writing an essay and decide which calculation
method shall be used to determine the market value of one Man-Hour in
Bitcoin.

Item

Median Hourly Wage

Description

Driver License

maximum 15 hours

A Driver License costs a maximum of 15 hours of the Median
Hourly Wage

Passport

maximum 40 hours

The price of a Passport must be less than the equivalent of 40
hours of the Median Hourly Wage

Restitution Reserve

between 5,000 and 100,000 hours

The Restitution Reserve must have gold corresponding to at least
the equivalent value of 5,000 hours (about 3 years) of median
salary.Likewise, no Civic Society is required to have
more gold than the equivalent of 100,000 hours (about 58 years) of
median salary.

Juror's Salary

minimum 1 hour

The salary of a Juror cannot be lower than the Median Hourly
Wage.This way Jurors are guaranteed a minimum salary equivalent
of what the typical worker earns.

Fine for Treason

between 100 and 1000 hours

An individual who committed an act of Treason must pay a fine
between 100 hours (about 3 weeks of work) up to 1000 hours (about 8
months).The maximum value is to prevent an excessive fine
imposed to an individual.

Why not having "our currency" like every other country?

First, there is no such thing as "our" currency. In the end, "our"
means a currency controlled by an elite group having ties with a Central
Bank
issuing or "printing" the currency. If "the people" have the
right make decisions regarding the use of money, then it shall be "the
people" deciding for themselves what currency to use for each and every
transaction. Having a national currency is nothing more than having a
group of arrogant self-anointed bureaucrats claiming to represent "the
people" by coercing the population to use their currency.

If a group of people wishes to have "its"
currency, then they are welcome to create their own currency, however
forbidden to force anyone to use it. If their currency is of good
quality, such as maintaining its value to purchase goods and services, then it is very likely others will
be happy to accept it. Each Civic Society is free to have
its own currency, or group with other Civic Societies to establish a
more credible currency, however no monopoly may be given to any entity (such
as a bank,
Civic Society or
Accredited Organization) to issue the currency of Village
Libre.

Although all transactions of the Government are done using
Bitcoin as its
currency, no entity has control on the creation (inflation) of Bitcoins. Although
Bitcoin is likely to play a minor role in the overall economy, as the
government spending will be rather small, it is nevertheless very
important to use Bitcoin for all Government Transactions to any other currency:
any currency issued by a bank or a foreign government is subject to the
jurisdiction and the control of its issuer, which Village Libre could fall victim
of manipulation by a foreign government, such as bullying, reporting
requirements, tax withholding on transactions, currency control, fixed
exchange rate, and so on. Since we want Village Libre to be autonomous, we
have to make sure our Government is independent and not controlled by a
foreign bank or another government. It would be a mistake to have our
Constitution based on a foreign currency, because the foreign
Central Bank may create inflation by printing more of its currency,
causing business cycles and economic recessions within our community.
If the foreign Government inflating its money supply very rapidly,
hyperinflation may completely destroy our economy. Since we have no
desire to interfere in the affairs of other nations, and we do not want to
"pressure" foreign governments to change their monetary policies, the best
solution is using a currency which is independent of politics, and Bitcoin is
the perfect solution for all our
Government Transactions.

It is very likely people will use the currency of the hosting country for
most of their transactions, however our Constitution gives people total
freedom to pick
the currency of their choice. Such freedom of choice is not only
ethical but a
safeguard in the event the hosting country is debasing its currency,
typically by inflating its money supply. Competition among currencies
will ensure price stability as well the elimination the boom-bust cycle, which is
caused by distorting the interest rates from market equilibrium. Also,
currency competition will allow different group of individuals to experiment and
create their local currencies. For instance, a group of individuals may
establish a Civic Society to promote an alternative currency such as a
time-based money or a personal equity-based currency. Another group may
establish an organization specializing in micro loans, usury-free banking, interest-free
banking, or establish their bank to promote Social Credit among their
members. Some religions forbid payment of interests,
and Village Libre offers to those individuals the opportunity to setup their
own rules according to their faith.
Village Libre enables all those socio-economic models to peacefully coexist.
Every organization has the freedom to accept and reject new members.
Likewise every individual is free to join and leave any such organization.
Such level of freedom is the basis for harmony and mutual respect.

Why not Bitcoin, Gold and Silver?

Using multiple medium of exchange is a bad idea. Making Bitcoin,
gold and silver as legal tender is essentially the making gold and silver
legal tender, which is impossible.

The laws of economics, that is supply and demand, make it impossible to
fix the ratio of gold and silver. The market ratio, like all market
prices, inevitably changes over time, as supply and demand conditions
change. As changes occur, any fixed bimetallic ratio inevitably becomes
obsolete. Change makes either gold or silver overvalued.

Bimetallism
carries the seeds of its own destruction. Gresham's Law comes into
play, when several types of money have a conversion ratio specified by legal
tender legislation, different from their market price, causing the overvalued money
to drive undervalued money out of the market. Or put simply, "the bad money drives the good money out". People stop using
the metal that is in reality more valuable than according to the letter of
the law. The move valuable metal will be held or sold into other countries
while the lower valuable metal will be used as the medium of exchange.

Bimetallism indirectly promotes the practice of fractional-reserve
banking. Theory and history demonstrate that fractional-reserve
banking flourished in the wake of bimetallist legislation.
Fractional-reserve banking is the mother of fiat money: the supreme
inflation technique creating economic and moral havoc in society. Inflation is itself a dishonest act
of legislation, and sets the example for private citizens.
Notwithstanding all the pious pretenses of governments that inflation is
some evil visitation from without, inflation is practically always the
result of deliberate governmental policy. Inflation
is system of legalized plunder allowing one group to benefit at the expense
of another. An actual transfer of wealth goes from the poor and the middle
class to those in privileged financial positions. Inflation breeds envy,
dishonesty and corruption in a nation.

When an institution inflate the money supply by increasing the
circulation of paper currency (or the electronic-equivalent), they do in
principle what kings once did when they clipped coins. Diluting the money
supply with paper is the moral equivalent of diluting the milk supply with
water.

Civic Societies are free to use silver as their local community
currency, however all Government Transactions must be done in
Bitcoin, and only
Bitcoin.

In the event the Bitcoin protocol is unfit as the medium of exchange for
Government Transactions,
because it has been hacked and cannot be fixed, then this Constitution
allows the use of Gold.

Of course changing from Bitcoin to Gold requires more work than a search
and replace of the word Bitcoin by the word Gold. Some
recommendations:

No Monopoly shall be given to any group

Official Gold Vaults

A Treasury is a group of Citizens responsible of safekeeping the gold
belonging to the Civic Societies as
well as
the bonus salaries of
Government Persons. To maintain the
official
status, a Treasury must have written contracts with a minimum of five
(5) Civic Societies wishing to store their gold with it, and three (3)
Dispute Resolution Organizations
willing to arbitrate in case there are conflicts between Civic Societies
and the Treasury, or between individuals and the Treasury. A
Civic Society may do business with multiple Treasuries.

At its bare minimum, a Treasury must have a vault to keep the gold safe
and allow regular auditing from Civic
Societies. The gold kept as Restitution
Reserve must be allocated
and the serial numbers of the gold bars must be visible on the Government
Website. Each Treasury is responsible of supplying a list of gold bars
allocated as Restitution Reserve to the Government Website via web service.
The allocation of gold bars is done by the Civic Societies which pick
which gold bar they wish to own. The ownership of gold bars is
important to avoid fractional reserve banking, or the sharing of the same
gold bar with multiple Civic Societies. This way, if a gold bar is
missing, then there is a form of accountability.

Each Treasury is free to offer extra services to its customers, such as
online payments, purchasing and selling gold and other precious metals,
currency conversions, and loans, lines of credits, credit cards.

Freedom of doing business is the core value at Village Libre, which means
no Treasury has a monopoly.

To ensure integrity, quality service and affordable price, by having
multiple treasuries, thus creating a system of competition. Citizens
do not vote directly on which Treasury their Civic Society uses, however
they "vote" by being a member of a Civic Society. Civic
Societies will have an incentive to pick the Treasury that best suit their
needs of their members. If a Treasury

is encouraged by having a quality service and price fairness,
multiple treasuries are encouraged.

Auditing of Official Gold Vaults

It is the duty of the President and Vice President of the Civic Society to audit the gold allocated as
Restitution Reserve every year. To remain in
good standing, the Restitution Reserve of each Treasury must be audited
every 90 days. Since each Treasury has a minimum of five (5)
Civic Societies, it is the responsibilities of the Civic Societies
to schedule their audit, and spread them over the months so the time between
audits is no more than 90 days.

The audit itself is rather simple: the President and Vice President must
verify the serial numbers of the gold bars allocated to their Civic Society. It is likely the
Civic Society may own other assets, such
as gold for paying their Membership Fees and cash for other transactions,
however those assets are not required to be audited. Only the gold
allocated as Restitution Reserve must be audited. Civic Societies
wishing to reassure their customers may also have a third party to audit
their books, the same as businesses do audit their operations. The
Government Website must show the amount of Restitution Reserve available, and
with a warning if this amount is below the required threshold.

must be audited by the Civic Societies.

Market Economy

Personal liberty and free market economy are one and the same. Here
are a few clarifications on what freedom means:

The Government is forbidden to manipulate or attempt to fix any interest
rate. Interest is the ratio in the mutual valuation of
present goods against future goods. The interest rate is the market
equilibrium between willing savers and borrowers.

Usury is a term which originally was used to denote the charging
of interest, but is also used to express the charging of excessively high
interest rates. Some individuals believe collecting any interest on a loan is usury.
Although usury may be considered immoral, a loan is nevertheless a mutual
agreement between a borrower and a lender. Every borrower would love
to borrow money at zero interest, however at this rate there would be no
incentive for the potential lender for taking the risk of a total loss, and in the
best case, get the same amount back with the trouble of collecting payments.
If the borrower defaults, goes bankrupt or dies, then the lender is left with
a loss, because nobody else will repay this loan. Having a law
forbidding collecting interests on a loan would actually penalize borrowers because there would be few lenders, and consequently little money available to borrow.

One proposed solution to the usury "problem" is a Central Bank
printing money and loaning it at zero interest to borrowers. This begs
the question: who shall have control of the Central
Bank with the power to decide who gets a loan and who is denied a loan.
Granting the privilege to a group of individuals to control the money supply
opens a wide door for corruption while posing an extreme danger for the
safety and prosperity of the entire community. Those who cannot learn from history
are doomed to repeat it. Let's go back and learn a bit of history
regarding Central Banking:

Permit me to issue and control the money of a nation and I
care not who makes its laws.-- Mayer Amschel Rothchild, 1790, founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty.

His son, Baron Nathan Mayer Rothschild boasted:

I care not what puppet is placed upon the throne of England
to rule the Empire on which the sun never sets. The man that controls
Britain's money supply controls the British Empire, and I control the
British money supply.-- Baron Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1815, son of
Mayer Amschel Rothchild.

Nathan would go onto brag that in the 17 years he had been in England he
had increased the £20,000 stake given to him by his father, 2500 times to
£50 million. Such profit increase is the equivalent of loaning $20 and
collecting $50,000 from interest over a period of 17 years. No sane
person would borrow $20 and agree to repay $50,000, or paying 250,000%
interest on a 17-year loan. How could this happen? Did Nathan
coerced
anyone to borrow his money at usury rate? Of course not! Those
having the privilege of controlling the money supply may loan the same money
multiple times. Instead of making a single loan of $20 at the usury
rate of 50% interest, the banker simply loan the same money 10 times at 5%
interest rate. At the end of the year, the banker collected $10 of
interest rate from his initial capital of $20, hence collecting an effective
50% interest on his capital. For the borrower's perspective, he
made a great deal, borrowing at a low 5% interest rate. Money creation
gives an unfair advantage to those in control of the money supply, because
others having to work to earn money cannot compete against someone loaning
fiat money. The problem is not about one group making more profits
than others; it is about one group ending with a monopoly on the loan market
- at the expense of everyone else, including the destruction of the
currency when inflation becomes hyperinflation. Everyone want to borrow money at low interest rate, so the
banker having the privilege to loan fiat money end up making all the loans, and eventually controlling the entire nation.
Those loans of fiat money are creating inflation which is a tax on the rest
of the population using that money. To summarize, if Nathan
was capable of loaning 12 times his initial capital of £20,000
while collecting a 5% interest rate on each loan over a period of 17 years, he would have
ended up with a fortune over £59 million. The power of compounding
interests over decades amount to billions and
trillions, as it is the case today with the wealth of the Rothschild family. This historical example
shows the power of money creation and why it is important to not have a
Central Bank at Village Libre.

Nathan's mother understood the power of money creation:

If my sons did not want war... there would be none.--
Gutle Schnaper, 1849, wife of Mayer Amschel Rothchild before her death.

Those in control of the money supply have the power to control the
government, including waging war against another country. The Elite
decide which country goes to war against another, and the existence of a
Central Bank introduces an occasion of sin for the government. The elected officials have
little to say except going along with what the Elite had decided, otherwise
facing replacement by another puppet who will obey the Elite.
Politicians who are warmongers receive help for their electoral campaign,
such as generous funding and free publicity from mainstream media (which is controlled by the Elite).
Those opposing the war or a Central Bank are censored or ridiculed.

Volumes of history books have been written on wars, however little has
been said on the role of Central Banks funding those wars. There is a
direct link between Central Banks and wars. The Elite does not want to
bear the cost of any war, so it uses a Government for doing the dirty job.
If the Elite had to pay for their wars, there would be none, because war is
far more expensive than peace, and consequently no profits. For
instance, securing oil through war is far more expensive than purchasing the
oil at premium. The vast amount of money poured out to support a war
is permanently gone without bringing any economic return. On the other
hand, if the cost of a war could be externalized, then there is a business
model for waging war. To the Elite, the population is there to pay the cost of their wars, both financially and
by providing men to sacrifice their lives to enrich them. The
Central Bank is there to extract wealth from the population by printing
money, and loaning that money to the government at interest. The Elite
has no loyalty and no ethics; it
will not hesitate to finance both sides of the war, as it did countless
times in the past. To the Elite, it costs them nothing creating loans and
the returns are enormous: the customer(s) borrowing the money
(the Government) will be in a perpetual debt bondage, meaning the Elite will
reap taxes from the middle class for centuries. Also, there are
other benefits to the Elite for waging wars, such as getting rid of
politicians they dislike, securing a market of natural resources, selling war
material at an exorbitant price, or introducing new legislation or
regulations to cripple competition and restrict our freedoms. War is not a product of the free
market; it is the by-product of an Elite having the privilege to externalize
its costs to the government. Anyone intellectually coherent for peace must
reject the notion of a Central Bank.

A government without a Central
Bank must tax its citizen to raise money for war expenditures. Taxes annoy people, inspire anger,
revolt, and even revolution. Printing money is an essential tool to
fund wars without a taxpayer revolt. Inflation is a hidden tax, often
perceived as a blessing (people always want easy money), and when inflation
becomes a visible problem, people blame businesses for greed and/or beg the
Government to do something... such as lowering the interest rates which
creates more inflation, or establish a scheme of price
controls which causes shortages and long waiting lines. More than
financing wars, the Central Bank creates financial bubbles that lead to
economic dislocation, such as the technology bubble of the late 1990s or the
housing bubble. While millions of individuals lost their jobs, assets
and homes during the economic crisis of 2007-2010, the total wealth of
billionaires and millionaires in the U.S. grew 12 percent in year 2010,
hitting $1.53 trillion. The total wealth of billionaires grew even faster.
These are all a result of the monopolization of money.

Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts
absolutely. -- Lord Acton

It is
utopia to believe in the establishment of a Central Bank, which
grants unlimited power to an Elite, and hoping those individuals will never use or abuse that
power.

Whoever controls the volume of money in any country is
absolute master of all industry and commerce.-- Paul Warburg, architect
of the Federal Reserve System and drafter of the Federal Reserve Act enacted
December 23, 1913.

Paul Warburg was one of the wealthiest men in America and a director of
I.G. Chemical Corp. and Agfa Ansco, Inc., firms that were controlled by I.G.
Farben, the infamous German cartel that sponsored and funded Adolph Hitler
to power. He was also a director of the
Council on Foreign Relations which is a think tank. His son, James Warburg has gained some notoriety for the
following quote:

We shall have world government, whether or not we like it.
The question is only whether world government will be achieved by consent or
by conquest.-- James Warburg, February 17, 1950, to the United States
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.

The problem with central banking is much deeper than having an elite
making insane profits from collecting interest on fiat loans, triggering and
financing wars, and/or
controlling the Government. Having a Central Bank requires an absolute
monopoly on the money supply. Creating such a monopoly requires
legislation forbidding anyone else to issue a competing currency. With
such a law granting a monopoly, the Elite is given a license for legal
plunder and a façade of legitimacy to jail (and/or kill) anyone not
complying with their legislation. Of course, the banksters
do not wish to kill their slaves, however if legislation should authorizes them, they will not
hesitate to call the police for help and do what is necessary to preserve
their monopoly. Coercion is the only way fiat (paper) money may come into
existence. For those who are religious and believe usury is a sin, the
act of killing is a much greater one: it's a crime!

Some individuals railing against usury argue that since every
country now has a Central Bank, all what is necessary is taking control of
the Central Bank (good luck) and issue loans of fiat money at zero interest.
According to them, there would be no usury while providing economic
stability and making the community prosperous. Not quite!

Loaning money that does not exist is the moral equivalent of diluting the
milk supply with water: it creates inflation which is theft towards
the rest of the community using the currency. When a loan of fiat money is created, new
money enters into circulation which thereby increases the money supply (the
definition of inflation), and consequently dilutes the value of all existing
money. Over time, as the zero-interest loan is paid back, the money
returned to the bank does not cancel out its original introduction because
the loan is paid with diluted money. Once new money enters into
circulation in a community, the entire money supply is diluted permanently.
Therefore paying the same amount back is like borrowing at negative interest
rate. Lending money at negative interest rate is the equivalent of
paying people to borrow, which opens the door for massive borrowing,
overconsumption, wild speculation and economic bubbles. The more
people borrow, the faster the money supply increases, and the stronger
consumer prices rise, eventually leading the way to hyperinflation. Worse of all is the depletion of
the pool of real savings which leads to a reduction of production, increase
of unemployment and poverty.

Loaning fiat money at zero interest is unsustainable and catastrophic.
The interest on a loan is merely a throttle to determine if the borrower has
the ability to pay the loan and to give him an incentive to pay back the
loan. Because of inflation which reduces the purchasing power of money
due to the creation of new money, the bank does not really make as much
profit as it appears. Since by creating the loan it reduces the
effective purchasing power of the currency, it's profits are worth less than
the value of the money at the moment the loan was created. However,
since the bank is creating money out of nothing, its cost of making the loan is almost zero (except for the trouble of printing the money or
punching a few keystrokes on a computer), therefore any profit on that loan,
albeit in diluted money, still represents an infinite return on its
"investment". In other words, any interest collected on a loan made
money created out of nothing represents an infinite interest rate - the very
definition of usury which is charging excessive interest on a loan. Conclusion: a fiat money system is fraud, however you
slice and dice it. Either it is the borrower stealing from the
community by borrowing at zero interest, or it is the bank practicing
usury by collecting interests on a loan made of nothing.

Anyone still insisting on having a Central Bank to prevent usury
does not understand the importance of sound money, such as gold and silver. Having a
Constitution forbidding interest on loans would be an economic suicide, and
would require coercion and violence towards innocent citizens. We do
not achieve virtue with guns and violence. Besides, anything illegal creates a black market
which breeds criminality and more violence. The most violent period of
history in the United States was when alcohol was prohibited.
Prohibiting loaning money with interest would give rise to organizations of
loan sharks
collecting their payments the same way the mafia is collecting their
protection money.

It is much better to have a few "immoral" individuals mutually agreeing to borrow and loan
money with interest, than having a black market of loan sharks, or banksters ruling our lives, forcing the large majority of
the population into a debt bondage of fiat money. If a Civic Society wishes to ban usury, it is free to do so. People may join or
leave this Civic Society if they want to borrow or lend money with
or without interest.

Under a system of sound money, the incentive for saving will be greater
than under a fiat money system. Therefore the pool of savings will be
greater, and consequently competition among lenders will keep interest
rates low.

There is no minimum wage at Village Libre. Prohibiting voluntary
exchanges is immoral. If two individuals agree to exchange labor and
money, then it is nobody else's business to intervene. Besides,
minimum wage legislation hurts the poor. Violence against those who
voluntarily exchange goods for services removes any chance for the poor
from escaping poverty. The cartoon
Edgar the Exploiter
(7 minutes) gives an illustration of the minimum wage hurting the unskilled
worker.

Civic Societies and Accredited
Organizations are free to set a
minimum wage for their members, however only to their members. If an
individual feels exploited, he is free to seek help from his Civic Society which may boycott the employer, however in no way a group of
individuals (including the Government) may use coercion towards an employer
who is paying low wages.

This Constitution has a "minimum wage" for certain activities, such as
participating to as a member of a Jury. This is by no mean a minimum
wage law, as it only applies to a specific task defined in this
Constitution.

People at Village Libre are free to form any union or Accredited
Organization to increase their
position in collective bargaining, however cannot force or intimidate any
individual to join their group. Those who do not wish to join the
collective agreement are free to negotiate directly with their employer.
If people are free to join an association or union, then they must have the
same freedom to leave. There is no such thing as a "contract" forcing
someone to join a group (it is called extortion), no more than it is valid
to have a contract preventing someone from leaving a group (it is called
coercion).

All members of a union must have the freedom of leaving a union anytime
without any kind of penalty. For instance, a union is forbidden to
have any exit fee to a member leaving. If the union is negotiating
with an employer, they may ask for an upfront payment or a payment right
after the collective agreement is signed, however cannot have a fee to a
member leaving the union. A union contract is void and null if
contains clause specifying a member cannot break the picket line during a labor conflict. Any union member initiating
violence or violating this Constitution will receive a
Treason Warning.

Citizenship is by covenant and qualification rather than by
birth alone. We want to develop and maintain a culture of liberty, and
ignorance is the true enemy of liberty. An ignorant populace with
the power to vote themselves benefits without any understanding of basic
economics and law will vote themselves privileges at the expense of others.
Soon, a minority will become serf, forced to pay benefits to others, while
the elite is reaping the largest share of the loot. Since the
Government is forbidden to be involved in education, the solution is to
ensure citizens understand liberty by giving them a test. The test
does not have to be tricky, complex or difficult. The questions and answers
are known in advance on the Government Website, so that people can openly
prepare for the test. By linking knowledge of liberty to citizenship,
rather than trying to control education (which is a violation of liberty),
the rights of each individual will be preserved.

The individual must have read (and understand the general concept
of) the following books:- The Law (78 minutes audio) by
Frédéric Bastiat (this is a classic about how legislation is the perfect
tool for greed and legal plunder).- Economics in One Lesson
by Henry Hazlitt.

The individual must take The World's Smallest Political Quiz
and understand the meaning of a two-dimensional political map
representing personal liberty and economic liberty, versus the
"Left/Right" spectrum.

The individual must make an oath (or affirmation) recorded in
high-quality video:"On my free will, I do solemnly swear (or
affirm) that I will never initiate aggression towards others, I will
never threaten to use force to coerce someone's compliance, and I will
never hire someone else to initiate violence or threat using force
towards others"

Make the promise to live with integrity, which means to not receive
money or welfare from other countries, and to not make a living from
any legislation.

Benefits of Becoming a Citizen

Citizens may own land. Residents may rent land but cannot own it.
This is important to prevent foreign buyers to own land without living
in the territory.

Citizens may keep and bear arms, provided the Civic Society is
willing to sponsor him and promising to pay restitution in case of a
crime committed by the citizen.

Citizens may establish their own Civic Society.

Citizens may purchase a passport for traveling abroad.

Citizen have the right to vote, run for Mayor, and/or work for
the government. Only citizens may work for the government.

All the benefits of Residents.

Requirements to Become a Resident of Village Libre

The individual must have a written contract with a Civic Society
(in good standing) willing to sponsor him as a Resident. The Civic
Society assumes responsibility to pay restitution if the resident commits
a crime.

Residents cannot vote for the Mayor, however can vote with their
wallets by joining a different Civic Society.

Have a written contract to never initiate violence, to never threat
to use violence, or hire someone else to use violence.

Benefits of Becoming a Resident

A Resident may request a Driver License, provided his Civic Society is willing to assume responsibility in case of an accident.

A Resident may invite visitors, provided his Civic Society is
willing to assume responsibility for the visitor.

Requirements for Visitors

A Visitor is any individual wishing to visit Village Libre provided
a Civic Society is willing sponsor him as a Visitor. The Civic
Society takes responsibility of the visitor's actions in case of a crime,
and also provide restitution in case the visitor is victim of a crime or
an accident.

The Visitor is always covered by the Civic Society in case of
emergency health care.

The Visitor must sign a contract to never initiate violence, to
never threat to use violence, and never hire someone else to use
violence on his behalf.

Any individual on the territory without the Visitor status will be
considered trespassing on the property of others.

Children of citizens fall under the protection of their parents’
citizenship until reaching an age or ability to become self-responsible, or
they become disqualified by criminal or rebellious behavior. [Children of
citizens (or residents, for that matter) automatically come under the
respective category of protection that their parents possess. Thus, children
are fully protected under the umbrella of their parents’ citizenship, but
aren’t considered citizens themselves until they qualify. Once reaching the
minimum age to apply for citizenship, they would become "residents" until
they otherwise qualify for personal citizenship status.]

The only duty of the citizen or resident is maintaining membership with
any Civic Society in good standing. One is welcome to live
his entire life as a Resident without any harassments, however cannot
vote, cannot purchase weapons, cannot own any land on the territory.
If citizenship revoked, the individual may stay as a Resident. The
individual has one year to sell his land, otherwise an auction is made and
the proceeds of the sales are given to the individual.

Benefits to Visitors

A Civic Society is a local government of the people by
the people and for the people, with unanimous consent of the governed.

The Civic Society is the core institution at Village Libre. The purpose of
a Civic Society is creating a
government-recognized community of individuals sharing common values. A
Civic Society is somewhat like a Local Government, having the authority to make rules and enforce
those rules, however only to its members. Each Civic Society is
therefore a source contractual Polycentric Law, thus overlapping its
jurisdiction with other Civic Societies on the territory. In
technical terms, Village Libre is a Panarchy of Local Governments.
Panarchy is the human right to choose your government as you choose your
religion. It is about the right of every human being to live in a government
to which they give their consent freely and fully. It is about the right of
every human being to live in a government that fully respects them as a
human person. Each government is to be peopled by, and only by, those who
freely choose it. These governments do not claim to represent all people
within a territory, but only those who choose to be part of them, just as a
religious congregation does not claim to represent all people in the
territory in which it serves, but only its members. Each government in turn
provides services to those who have chosen it and to no others.

The Civic Society is responsible of providing to its members the
following: personal security, protection of property, immigration &
citizenship, rules of conduct, morality, enforcement of contracts,
child
support, education, funding for emergency health care. Citizens decide what
quantity and quality of services they want from their Civic Society.
Citizens, Residents and Visitors may pick any Civic Society they wish.
Competition among Civic Societies will ensure the rules are fair
and the price is right. Citizens may also establish their own Civic Society if unable to find one to suit their needs, provided they meet the
minimum criteria.

A Civic Society is a group consisting of a minimum of 10 Citizens
having written contracts with a minimum of 3 officialDispute Resolution Organizations,
and maintaining at all times, the minimum capital of gold for theRestitution Reserve in an official Treasury. The gold is a kept as collateral to
pay restitution to the victim(s) in case a member of the Civic Society
commits a crime, or causes non-contractual damage to someone else.

The Civic Society has the authority to nominate judges, notaries,
marry people, issue marriage certificates, birth certificates, driver
licenses and passports. Large Civic Societies may also operate
prisons provided they respect the entire Bill of Rights for Prisoners.

Duties of a Civic Society

Provide a website so their rules and procedures are available to
everyone. Of course the Civic Society may offer other online services
only available to its members, where the web pages are password
protected. The Civic Society may outsource the hosting and
maintenance of its website.

Optionally audit Government Transactions, Webmaster, Privacy Guard
and Vote Keeper
by registering a Public Encryption Key on the
Government Website.

Provide rules and guidelines to their members, and collect fees to
serve the wishes of their members.

From each according to his ability, to each according to
his need.-- Karl Marx, 1875.

Although Civic Societies have duties, individuals have no duties, except
to never initiate violence towards others. It is up to the Civic
Society to draft contracts with its members about the fee structure, rules
and obligations. For instance, if a citizen volunteers as a Border
Officer for 8 hours per month, he pays no fees. Civic Societies are likely
to provide welfare to their members and take care of others in need, similar
as churches help their members in needs. People are more likely to
help people they know, compared to giving away money to a large bureaucracy which
may be corrupt and the recipient is unknown. The market of charity
organizations is already large, and because the Government of Village Libre
is forbidden to provide any "safety nets", the private charity will be there to fill-in the void.
Some
individuals will volunteer their time while some others will provide the
funds to run either the Civic Society or a charity organization.
As it is the case today, it likely that wealthy businesses will be happy to
sponsor charitable causes to increase their reputation towards the
community, however some will never make any charity contributions.
Since there are no taxes at Village Libre, there will be far more money left
in the hands of individuals and businesses to take care of others.
Each Civic Society is sovereign, with the full flexibility to write and
enforce rules on its members, provided those rules do not violate this
Constitution. Members (citizens, residents, visitors) may pick any
Civic Society, so if a Civic Society is too expensive or has too
many rules, they have a choice to pick another Civic Society, or
establish a Civic Society of their own.

Panarchy calls for tolerance and the respect of the choices of others.
Village Libre is a peaceful place for everyone to flourish and see their
ideas realized, including those who are communists wishing pool resources,
or socialists who feel safer having several safety nets, or those
individuals who prefer to rely only upon themselves. The minorities
are no longer suppressed by the majority, and are no threat of becoming the majority to impose their values on
others.

Education is the responsibility of the parents. Responsibility does not
mean that the parents must do home schooling, however they are in control of
the education of their children.

have to do home schooling, or group together to for the schooling,
It is up to the Civic Society of the parents to decide what is
acceptable and establish a curriculum in case there are parents neglecting
their duties. It is very likely Civic Societies will require their
members to pay a small fee to provide education for children whose parents
cannot afford school, or to sponsor talented teenagers to get a higher
education such as University.

People joining Village Libre must accept the value that health care should be
affordable and accessible to everyone, not just for a group of individuals
or the elite. For this reason, the Government of Village Libre
is prohibited to fund and/or regulate health care in any way. Without
dwelling on the issue, we want the reader to take notice that governments
have a poor track record of being cost effective, and that governments are
racists, often denying health care access to non-citizens, such as new immigrants
and undocumented individuals often labeled as illegal aliens.

To facilitate individuals finding a good health care provider, the
Webmaster has the authority maintain a database
listing all
health care providers on the Government Website. The Webmaster is
forbidden to pick which health care provider may appear the Government
Website, as it is the responsibility of a
Civic Society to nominate a health care provider. If an
individual or business wishes to appear on the Government Website as a
health care provider, then he must find a Civic Society willing to
sponsor him or his business. The sponsoring Civic Society may
require a fee and set rules to qualify the individual or business as a
health care provider. Please notice the Civic Society sponsoring a
health care provider may be different from the Civic Society sponsoring
an individual as a Citizen, Resident or Visitor. Visitors are welcome
to appear on the Government Website as health care providers, however they
must find a Civic Society willing to sponsor them with the status of
Visitor. Besides, it gives a bit more credibility to become a Resident
or Citizen when doing business in a community.

The Webmaster also has the authority to maintain a database of
performance ratings and feedback comments from individuals, thus giving a
boost to the good health care providers while exposing the quacks.
Again, the Webmaster cannot pick which feedback comment may appear in the
Government Website. If there is a dispute between a health care
provider and an individual regarding a negative feedback comment, then it is
to the Civic Societies of the health care provider and the individual to
resolve the dispute. If the Civic Societies are unable to agree,
then a DRO will arbitrate.
The Civic Society of the individual who wrote the comment has the
authority to hide the negative comment, however the comment must stay in the
database, in case where the negative comment was a genuine complaint against
a health care provider. Only the Civic Society of the individual
who wrote the comment has the authority to unhide the comment.
Consequently, if an individual feels his complaint against a health care
provider is very important, he is free to pick another Civic Society
willing to unhide the negative comment. A new dispute may be initiated
between the health care provider and the individual.

Freedom of speech guarantees the absolute right of every individual to
create their own website or write a book exposing a business, such as a
health care provider, without the fear of being sued in court. However
because we aim having fair and reliable feedback comments on the Government
Website, there is a mechanism to prevent vindictive negative comments or
feedback extortion where the customer threatens to leave a negative comment
unless the health care provider cuts him a better deal than previously
agreed. As a result, there are rules to post comments on the
Government Website, and such rules grant the authority to a
Dispute Resolution Organization
to decide what is considered acceptable. The DRO may require the
customer to reword the text if he wants his negative feedback comment to be
displayed on the Government Website. Freedom of speech does not mean
someone else, like the Webmaster, is obliged to host (display) one's
comments on his website.

Some individuals may argue that listing the health care providers on the
Government Website is a form of subsidy to the health care industry.
They are correct because the salary of the Webmaster is paid by the
Civic Societies on a per capita basis.
Paying the salary of a software developer to write the necessary code to
list the health care providers and store their feedback comments in a
database is a small price to pay for stimulating competition among health
care providers, thus ensuring quality health care is affordable.
Please notice there is a sharp difference between having the Government
deciding which medical procedure/product/device is legal and/or illegal, or
allowing the Government to give money directly to health care providers,
than giving to the Webmaster the authority to maintain a directory of health
care providers with feedback comments. If Citizen really oppose such
an idea, they are free to elect a Webmaster
promising to keep hidden the directory of health care providers. Other
websites are free use the original list from the Government Website and
maintain their own directory of health care providers with feedback
comments.

The Webmaster may also maintain a

has the authority to add categories of health care providers.
Search engines make billions per year with pay-per-click keyboard bidding,
and the Government could fund itself through this mechanism. It is
very like

list the health care providers with the highest feedback rating. It
is very likely new health care providers would be happy to bid for keywords
as sponsored links on the search page.

Health care has always been an issue, and the Government should do
something about it! Here it is!

an industry which could save lives

Other categories, such as massage therapists, eye care, etc.

This is why during the election of a Webmaster, picking the Webmaster
asking for the cheapest budget may not always be the best choice, no more
than when hiring a CEO or an employee. Some Webmaster may request a
higher budget for their team and IT infrastructure, however may well worth
it.

Someone may do business as a health care provider without being listed,
however being listed is likely to give credibility to his reputation as a
health care provider.

the cheapest way is to list all health care providers

It is true, however i

medical field, alternative medicine, Medical equipment

is displayed on the list, as it
is th

Civic Societies have the authority to add (and remove) health
care providers, and individuals have the option to add feedback comments.
This way, only the best health care providers will remain in business and
the quacks will be exposed. The Webmaster may add categories and
keywords for people to search different types of health cares, or health
specialists.

We want everyone to have access to a reliable and trustworthy list of
health care providers. Competition along with feedback comments

In some way, the Government Website listing health care provider may
appear as a subsidy to the health care industry, however the goal is to
provide a directory to contact a health care provider in case there is an
emergency.

The list of health care providers and the feedback comments must be
accessible in to all in a structured format such as XML, so other websites
may display the same information as they wish.

Webmaster is not obliged to maintain such list. As a matter of
fact, if he is not interested, is likely to do a sloppy job which is
essentially the same as not maintaining the list.

Funding of Life-Threatening Medical Emergencies

Every Civic Society must accept their obligation of releasing funds
from their Restitution Reserve on behalf
of its members (Citizens, Residents and Visitors) in case there is a
life-threatening medical emergency. This clause is to ensure an urgent
life-threatening medical operation is not delayed because the health care
providers are evaluating if the patient has the capacity to pay the medical
bill.

We do not want the average individual on the street to have to make the
cruel decision. He is entitled to receive compensation for
transporting the individual to a health care center, plus any expenses.
He has no obligation, however having a bit of reward will help.

It is up to each Civic Society to list which health care
providers are

Non aging

the bill. It is up to each Civic Society to have a contract
with its members about their policies

about emergency medical services and a schedule for repayments.

Some may argue this is a disguised mandatory health care. There is a
difference between universal health care where every medical operation

Providing the funding does not mean the medical services are free to the
individual in need.

but that the health care providers , but that the medical
service providers will be paid without

Emergency health care is a condition where the life

The most important is to save life, and the medical bill may always be
paid later. As in all societies, some individuals will gladly pay
their medical bill and some will be unable to afford the medical services,
meaning the Civic Society will have to bear its costs.

Is this mandatory health care? It is for the case of an accident

Provide the funds; it does not mean the care is free, however we do not
want hospitals to delay an urgent operation because they are unsure to be
paid.

Likewise, a Civic Society has the duty to have funds available to its
members when traveling to foreign countries. We do not want our
citizens to be a burden on the health

Like a traveling insurance. It is up to the Civic Society to
charge an extra fee to an individual traveling a lot, or have an agreement
with him that he will refund the Civic Society in case of a medical
emergency, or that he already has existing traveling insurance.

Each Civic Society is free to offer welfare to its members and others in
need. Welfare may be on a charity basis, as a contract when an
individual joins a Civic Society.

One Free Meal Per Month

Since the Government is forbidden to offer welfare to the population, and
Civic Societies may comtribute little to help those really in needs, each
Taxpayer must give one free meal per month to someone in need. This
the civic duty of each Taxpayer. Those who are not considered
Taxpayers, because they are too young, too old, or are tax exempts due to a
medical condition, are not subject to this rule.

The Taxpayer may cook himself the meal and invite someone to his place,
or his Civic Society may organize a monthly event offering free meals
according to their number of Taxpayers. Another option is the Civic
Society may purchase food coupons from a Work-for-Food Coordinator and have
the Work-for-Food Coordinator distribute the meals.

The recipient of those free meals are:

People who never visited Village Libre. We want to have as
many visitors (tourists) as possible and also give an opportunity for
our neighbour in Honduras to visit us. A free meal is always a
good incentive to make a tour to visit us, and we want to give a
priority to first-time visitors. As a result, a Taxpayer may give
one "free meal" to his relatives and friends as part of "welfare",
however once those individuals have visited Village Libre, they do not q

Those listed on the Government Website as either physically or
mentally handicaped.

Any individual a Work-for-Food Coordinator considers a valid
recipient of a free meal.

Freedom, from an existential perspective, cannot be separated from
responsibility. With freedom comes responsibility. Yet, it is common for
many people to seek freedom while trying to avoid responsibility.
People are free to chose to have children, however we must bear the
responsibilities of their actions, meaning we have the moral duty to take
care of their children. It is the role of
Civic Societies to establish policies on child support and to the
Dispute Resolution Organizations
to arbitrate in case there is a conflict between parents. Individuals
considering having children are recommended to pay special attention to
policies on child support policies from their Civic Society. The
parents may decide to pick another Civic Society if they feel the
policies are too strict, or write a contract regarding the duties and
responsibilities of each parent. For instance, a woman wishing to have
a child from a "sperm donor" may sign a contract she takes full
responsibility and will never request money for child support from the
donor.

Child Abuse

Peer pressure and ostracism. The DRO may decide to waive.

Even the Treasury has its word to say about child abuse, by refusing
doing business with a Civic Society failing to address the problem.

Cannot invite visitors, get a DL or order a passport.

Jury of parents

Child Pornography

Property rights forbids child pornography, as the child is the owner of
his body. Although a child is unable to make rational decisions on the
use of his body, his body remains his property, and consequently, any abuse
or aggression towards his body, such as child pornography, is a crime.

Because many governments use "child pornography" as a way to censor the
Internet, or to justify unfair laws, such as denying the right to remain
silent in court, for the rare case a password may be required to unlock a
computer containing child pornography material, this Constitution will spell
out clearly the policy regarding child pornography.

If an individual is accused of child pornography, then he has the
obligation to provide all passwords on all the files on his computer(s)
and/or electronic devices. The computer must be brought in court
before the judge or jury, where the password is given, and the judge or jury
open the file. Refusal to do so implies he is guilty. On the
other hand, if no child pornography material is found, that is, no images
and/or videos, then the accused is entitled a minimum of 1 Kg of gold from
the plaintiff as compensation. This is important to prevent an
individual to use the "child pornography" clause to steal information from
the computer of a competitor, such as trade secrets, at the bargain cost of
1 Kg of gold.

Create Your Own Government

If a Citizen wishes to create a new community, all is required is finding
9 other Citizens willing to join him and establish a new Civic Society.
This is far more rewarding than having to wait 4 years for the next election
while trying to persuade the majority of the population to vote for a
candidate which may support such ideas. At Village Libre,
within days, a new Civic Society may get the "official status", with the
full authority to sponsor new Citizens, Residents and Visitors. The cool
thing about panarchism is that it allows communities to form and experiment
with different rules and structures. Like a religion, some people will
join and some will leave.

As a rule of thumb, individuals are free to leave their Civic Society
at anytime, without notice and without any penalty. Since Civic Societies are quasi-governments and may do sneaky things to their members,
this clause is important to avoid hidden cancellation fees which may reduce
the opportunities for people to easily change Civic Societies.
Likewise each Civic Society also has the power to expel any of its
member for whatever reason, similar as a church may expel a member for
disobeying their rules. Because individuals are free to leave anytime,
the members are truly represented by their Civic Society, thus
establishing legitimacy of authority from unanimous consent of the governed.

If there is any cancellation fee, then the contract must clearly
describe the fee and its duration and have the individual sign it on the
same page. The contract may have multiple pages, however the fee and
the length of the contract must be on the same page, with the signature of
the individual on that page. The cancellation fee must be for an explicit product or service
given to the member when joining the Civic Society, and that
cancellation fee cannot exceed the amount
what is considered a (fair) market value. In the case of cancellation,
the individual has to pay the remaining of the fee at pro-rata according to the
length of the contract. If the length of the contract is not
specified, or is considered excessive by a Judge or Jury, then the contract
is invalid, and so is the cancellation fee. Here are three examples
for a Civic Society having a cancellation fee:

Alice is a teenager and wishes to drive a car. Civic Society X offers Alice the following deal: if she sign a car insurance
contract car for 3 years, they will pay her driving lessons which are
worth $600. The cancellation fee is therefore $600 and the length
of the contract is 3 years. After 6 months, Alice decides to leave
for Civic Society Y which offers better rates. Therefore Alice
has to pay $500 to Civic Society X for her driving lessons.

Joe wants to install a security system to reduce his insurance cost
for his newly built house, however he does not have the money upfront.
His Civic Society offers him free installation of a security system
worth $800, provided he will remain a customer for 4 years and pay a
monthly premium of $40.

Bob's Business needs workers to fill in the demand for constructing
buildings. Bob is too busy to search for foreign workers and
asks his Civic Society if they could undertake the immigration
process. The Civic Society finds foreigner willing to work at
Village Libre. Since those workers are unsure where they will
live, the Civic Society promise them adequate housing, food and
health care coverage in exchange for 50% of their salary given by Bob.
The contract stipulates each worker must work for Bob until they have
paid the cancellation fee, which is transportation cost for bringing
them to Village Libre. The length of the contract is 4 years (200
weeks of work). After two weeks, one of the worker, Eric, realizes
he would be better as a self-employed contractor and decides to cancel
his contract with the Civic Society. He finds a customer
willing to hire him, using his new customer as guarantor, goes to the
bank to borrow money, refund 99% (198 weeks of 200 weeks) of the plane
ticket, and starts his own construction business. In another
scenario, the Civic Society paid $10,000 for the airfare by finding
the most possible expensive flight route. Eric realizes the same
flight could have cost between $1,000 and $1,500 and therefore offers to
pay $1500 to the Civic Society to cancel his contract. The Civic
Society is
contesting as they have a proof that they paid $10,000 for bringing Eric
to Village Libre.
The truth is Bob and his Civic Society are colluding to give
miserable salaries so the immigrants are unable to pay the cancellation
fee. The dispute escalates to court, and the Judge (or Jury)
determines the fee was excessive. As a punishment, the Civic
Society gets nothing at all and Eric is free to join any other Civic
Society. Any form of
slavery, which includes debt-bondage, is forbidden at Village Libre.
Consequently, any individual (or group of individuals) rigging a
cancellation fee renders the contract null and void. In some
extreme cases of exploitation, all the assets of the exploiter must be
sold and the proceeds given to the victims as restitution.

A Civic Society cannot contract with any individual under 13. This
is important to prevent Civic Societies to rip children and young
adults, or asking a cancellation fee for "educating a child" or something
like that. The Civic Society is free to require an upfront payment in case a new
member decides to prematurely quit, however this may not be the best
strategy to attract new members.

Structure of a Civic Society

Each Civic Society is free to organize its capital structure and
social constitution. Some Civic Societies may require citizens to
bring equal quantity of gold for the
Restitution Reserve, while other Civic Societies will have a few
members providing, and will collect a monthly (or yearly)
fee from the other members. Some Civic Societies may have in their
constitution the requirement of unanimous consent to include a new members,
others may require a majority vote, while others (probably large Civic
Societies) will have an appointed officer making those decisions. In
the end, the individual has the final word regarding how his Civic Society operates, because he is free to leave if he is unhappy with a decision
made by
his Civic Society.

The purpose of a Dispute Resolution Organization is having a neutral
independent institution resolving conflicts between individuals and/or
business.

A Dispute Resolution Organization is a group of individuals
providing services such as mediation and arbitration to resolve disputes
between individuals and/or businesses. To maintain the "official"
status, the DRO must have written contracts with a minimum of 3
officialCivic Societies, thus creating a system
of checks and balances between law making and interpretation of law.
If a DRO has a reputation of unfairness and/or arbitrary ruling, then no
Civic Society will want to sponsor and/or be associated with such DRO,
by fear of losing membership. Likewise, a Civic Society creating
unjust rules will have difficulty finding 3 DROs willing endorse their rules,
because reputation of fairness what keeps DROs in business. At any
time, members may leave to another Civic Society if they believe a
Civic Society has bad rules, or is associated with a corrupt DRO.

Each DRO must offer the option to have a court open to the public and
available for video recording, unless both parties agree to keep their
dispute private. Also, all public rulings must be archived and made
available on the DRO website. This requirement is important to ensure
no secret ruling took place, and give the public, including other DROs, to review
and comment on previous rulings. Competition will ensure that courts that
make bad decisions will lose out over time to those with better judgment.

Entrepreneurship and innovation will produce new methods of resolving
disputes. For instance, minor commercial disputes may be resolved over
video conferencing. Some DROs will specialize in settling different type
of disputes such as offering forensic science for resolving criminal cases,
arbitration for construction
disputes, and offering mediation to divorcing couples, or determining a fair
amount to pay for child support.

Rules

A rule is a type of law dealing with the internal operation of an
organization. For instance, each Civic Society will have its own
rules, including the duties and obligations of their members to pay certain
fees, or give time in exchange for services, such as education and elderly
caregiving.

Laws

These are the eternal, immutable laws of good and evil, to
which the creator himself in all his dispensations conforms; and which he
has enabled human reason to discover, so far as they are necessary for the
conduct of human actions. Such among others are these principles: that we
should live honestly, should hurt nobody, and should render every one its
due... This is the foundation of what we call ethics, or natural law.--
William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England (18th c.)

A law is valid and applies to all, including the leaders, judges and
government officials. No one is above the law. Law is essentially
discovered, not made. Competing courts and competing jurisdictions
stimulate intellectual competition in reaching the truth.
It is by precisely this method that we have achieved the staggering
scientific progress of the past four centuries. A judicial system that
incorporates the principle of competition and entrepreneur innovation is
more likely than any other to succeed in discovering and effectively
applying the principles of Natural Law. Natural law is no other than that
rule of natural justice, which results either directly from men's natural
rights, or from such acquisitions as they have a natural right to make or
from such contracts as they have a natural right to enter into." [24]

Customary law is probably a more reliable method for "reducing" the Natural
Law, because a spontaneously evolved and voluntarily maintained custom is
more likely to promote mutual advantage than a decree devised and imposed by
a small group in power.

The Purpose of Law

Life, liberty, and property do not exist because men have
made laws. On the contrary, it was the fact that life, liberty, and property
existed beforehand that caused men to make laws in the first place.--
Frédéric Bastiat, The Law, 1850.

The purpose of law is to protect property rights; to permit scarce
resources to be used peacefully, productively, and cooperatively as a means
of action. The fundamental social and ethical function of property
rights is to prevent interpersonal conflict over scarce resources by
allocating exclusive ownership of resources to specified individuals
(owners). To perform this function, property rights must be
demonstrably just, objective, as well as visible (observable or
discernible), because they cannot serve their function of preventing
conflict unless they are acceptable as fair by those affected by the rules.

"Law imposed from the top — authoritarian law — typically
requires the support of a powerful minority; law developed from the bottom
up — customary law — requires widespread acceptance." -- Bruce
Benson, The Enterprise of Law.

Customary law is recognized, not because it is backed by the power of
some strong individual or institution, but because each individual
recognizes the benefits of behaving in accordance with other individuals'
expectations, given that others also behave as he expects.
Reciprocities are the basic source both of the recognition of duty to obey
law and of law enforcement in a customary law system. Good rules that
facilitate interaction tend to be selected over time, while bad decisions
are ignored.

To appeal to a greater customer base, DROs will have a tendency toward the
unification of property and contract law, and the harmonization of the rules
of procedure, evidence, and conflict resolution.

The science of justice - is the science of all human
rights; of all a man's rights of person and property; of all his rights to
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.-- Lysander Spooner,
Natural Law, or
the Science of Justice, 1882.

There is a natural incentive for competing courts in a free society to
search for justice and to strive to adopt it, so as to cater to a
justice­seeking consumer base. Justice is primarily restorative, with
restitution going to the victims rather than to a government; enforcement
operated via a system of sureties and pledges, the ultimately recalcitrant
being excluded from society and its protections. To ensure a minimum
restitution, each Civic Society must
keep at all times the minimum quantity of gold as
Restitution Reserve in case one of their
member is unable to make reparation to the victim(s). Under this
system, the victims of a crime are always paid, immediately. There
would also be incentives for people to behave responsibly. Just as reckless
drivers pay higher premiums for car insurance, so too would repeat offenders
be charged higher premiums for their contract with Civic Societies.

The right of a "fair trial" is an essential right recognized in nearly
all countries, however the question remains: What is a fair trial? Who
decides what is fair? What about a speedy trial? Does a "speedy
trial" means having to wait several years? Unfortunately, most
Constitutions do not define "fair" or "speedy", and worse, have no
provisions when those clauses are not respected. In many countries, politicians and
bureaucrats violating laws continue to thrive with impunity.
One of the best example is the respect of the Magna Carta.

The Magna Carta constitutionally installed Trial by Jury for all causes
(lawsuits), civil, criminal and fiscal, "in perpetuity" and "for ever," (see
Preamble and Article 63 of Magna Carta of the 15th day of June, 1215). This
was explicitly for the protection of the individual from arbitrary (i.e.
antidemocratic; tyrannical) government. All persons thus persecuted by
government, are entitled to elect Trial by Jury and if acquitted, are due
Amnesty and Restitution. Today people are sent to prison without any
option for a trial by jury.

What is fair?

For sure, if the accused offender is found guilty, the "punishment"
should be a restitution in the form of a fine or indemnity to be paid to the
plaintiff, unless the plaintiff prefers imprisonment in the case of a
violent crime. Unfortunately, in most countries today, the accused
goes to prison and the victim receives nothing. To add insult to the
injury, the victim is forced to pay taxes to keep the offender
in prison.

Fairness also means compensation to an innocent wrongly accused or
imprisoned. In such case, the DRO who made the bad decision should pay
compensation for the time spent in prison and emotional damages caused
by their error. A judge who is in doubt must refuse to judge. Proof
beyond reasonable doubt has a different meaning in a society
where Judges are accountable and a Judge may lose his job and/or terminate
his career for making bad decisions.

Equally, if the accused is found innocent, he should receive compensation for
his stress, energy, time and money spent to defend himself. The
compensation amount shall be determined at the discretion of the judge, however
judges making poor decisions would lose customers, as nobody want to waste
his time in court. Offering compensation to the innocent raises the
legitimacy of the court, because if one refuses going to court to defend
himself despite receiving compensation if found innocent, implies
some guilt.

At Village Libre, each Civic Society must have a written contracts
with a minimum of 3 official Dispute Resolution Organizations. This
way, a Citizen who is a member of a Civic Society cannot deny the
jurisdiction of a DRO. If two individuals who are members of the same
Civic Society have a dispute, then they have a minimum of 3 choices, and
they may also pick
another DRO by mutual agreement. If a dispute occurs between members
of different Civic Societies, there is exist a network of contracts
between the two Civic Societies. If the individuals are unable to
agree on a DRO, then the Civic Societies will pick a neutral DRO to resolve the
dispute of their members. If the Civic Societies are unable to
agree on a DRO, then a random DRO will be selected. Clearly, the
individuals have an incentive to agree on a DRO rather than having one
assigned randomly (for more details, watch the video Conflict
Resolution in a Free Society)

If a dispute occurs between a Civic Society and an individual, the
individual is free to pick any official DRO to resolve the dispute. This
prevents collusion between a Civic Society picking 3 of their friends as
DROs, and then forcing individuals to abide by the decisions of those DROs.

Confrontation Clause

The accused has the absolute right to have a face-to-face confrontation
with witnesses who are offering testimonial evidence against him in the form
of cross-examination during a trial. This right applies to all causes,
civil, criminal and fiscal lawsuits.

Right to Counsel of Choice

Every individual has the right to a counsel of his choice to prepare his defense. By choice, it means anybody the defendant deem best for
his defense, including a friend acting as an agent. In many countries, the word "choice" is meaningless,
because the "choice" must be a lawyer member of a legal association
recognized only by the Government. If a dispute occurs between the
citizen and the Government, then the lawyer must be loyal to the legal
association which is under the direct control of the Government. Any
lawyer really helping his customer is facing the threat of being barred from
the legal association, which implies a complete loss of career.

Every individual has an absolute right to jury trials for
all causes, civil, criminal and fiscal lawsuits.

If the accused prefers a jury to a judge, he has the absolute right to be
tried before a jury of citizen. The jury not only has the
authority to rule on the facts of the case, but also on the legitimacy of
the law under which the case is tried, and which allow juries to
refuse to convict if they regard the law they are asked to convict under as
illegitimate or unfair. The "judge" is there to conduct the proceedings in an
orderly fashion and maintain the safety of all parties involved. Without
this absolute right to have a trial by jury, there is no real system of
checks and balances, and consequently no justice at all.

An unjust law is no law at all.-- St. Augustine.

Our history is filled with crimes against humanity, built-in to the legal
system, sanctioned and enforced by the State. For instance,
the Fugitive Slave Clause is the name given to a provision in Article
Four of the United States Constitution, Section
2, Clause
3, that requires that slaves that escaped to another state be returned
to the owner in the state from which they escaped. Six years later, the Fugitive
Slave Act of 1793 created the mechanism for recovering a fugitive slave,
overruled any state laws giving sanctuary, made it a federal crime to assist
an escaped slave, and allowed slave-catchers into every U.S. state and
territory. The law made it a crime to assist a fugitive or a slave in
escaping, with prison and a fine for helping a fugitive but only a fine for
helping a slave. The Act made every escaped slave a fugitive for life
(unless manumitted by the owner), who could be recaptured at any time
anywhere within the territory of the United States, along with any children
subsequently born of enslaved mothers. Congress passed the Fugitive Slave
Act in February 1793 and this was signed into law by the first US president,
George Washington, which had himself over 300 slaves. The
Fugitive
Slave Law of 1850 made any
Federal marshal or other official who did not arrest an alleged runaway
slave liable to a fine of $1,000 (in 1850, the U.S was on a gold standard,
and $1,000 was the equivalent of
50 ounces of gold, which is worth nearly $90,000 USD in todays' money). In
addition, any person aiding a runaway slave by providing food or shelter was
subject to six months' imprisonment and a $1,000 fine. Law-enforcement
officials everywhere now had a duty to arrest anyone suspected of being a
runaway slave on no more evidence than a claimant's sworn testimony of
ownership. Officers capturing a fugitive slave were entitled to a fee
(bonus) for their work. States were compelled to enforce the federal
law, including assistance in the arrest and return of fugitives, including
providing jails and courts. Ordinary citizens of free states could be
summoned into a posse and be required to assist in the capture and/or
custody and/or transportation of the alleged escaped slave. The law
was so rigorously pro-slavery as to prohibit the admission of the testimony
of a person accused of being an escaped slave into evidence at the judicial
hearing to determine the status of the accused escaped slave. Thus, if a
freedman were claimed to be an escaped slave under the Fugitive
Slave Law he could not resist his return to slavery by truthfully
telling his own actual history. Since any suspected slave was not eligible for a trial this
led to many free blacks being conscripted into slavery as they had no rights
in court and could not defend themselves against accusations. There were
numerous instances in which people who were legally free and had never been
slaves were captured and brought south to be sold into slavery. Human
trafficking and the slave-catching industry was growing. In 1854, the Wisconsin
Supreme Court became the only state high court to declare the Fugitive
Slave Act unconstitutional, however the Supreme
Court of the United States held that state courts cannot issue rulings
that contradict the decisions of federal courts, overturning a decision by
the Supreme Court of Wisconsin. Several U.S. states passed "personal liberty
laws" designed to protect free blacks, freedmen,
and fugitive slaves,
however the U.S. Supreme Court determined that personal liberty laws were unconstitutional.
The Court held that the laws interfered with the Fugitive Slave Act. Slavery was well entrenched, and the laws of the Federal
Government were not only endorsing the slave industry, but subsidizing it
with taxpayer's money. Those without slave were also economically
punished with unfair competition, because they had no access to free labor,
this giving an incentive for everyone to own slaves and consequently perpetuating the vicious cycle of slavery.

Jury nullification took effect as local juries acquitted citizens
indicted for helping fugitive slaves, thus ignoring the instructions on the
law given by the trial judge. In response judges began questioning jurors
to find out if they were prejudiced against slavery, dismissing any who
were. Nevertheless, juries simply refused to
convict fellow citizens who had been indicted under the Federal law, because jurors
felt the laws to be unjust, thus greatly weakening the slave laws.
Secretary of State Daniel
Webster was a key supporter of the [slave] law as he wanted high profile
convictions, however jury nullifications ruined his presidential aspirations
for the 1852 election. Still, the slaves had no rights; never mind
having a trial by jury regarding their freedom. In 1857, the U.S.
Supreme Court ruled that people of African descent brought into the United
States and held as slaves (or their descendants, whether or not they were
slaves) were property, incapable of becoming citizens, not protected by the Constitution, and consequently have no standing to sue in Court. Furthermore,
the Court ruled that slaves, as
chattels or
private property, could not be taken away from their owners without due
process.

The Declaration of Independence states that "all men are created equal",
however the interpretation of the law by the Supreme Court was clear: some
were more equals than others. A "more perfect union" assuredly did not
include "the blessings of liberty" for the slaves who held their inhuman
status in the nation, and their lot was cast upon their offspring into
perpetuity.

The Greeks held the first democracy, however slaves were not allowed to
vote, never mind having a fair trial to protect themselves against ongoing
theft: slavery. Greeks spoke of the necessities of life as "cattle and
slaves". The census of Demetrius Phalereus in ca. 317 BC gave 21,000
citizens, 10,000 metics (resident aliens required to have a citizen to
sponsor them), and 400,000 slaves. Perhaps there were more slaves, as
there was a tax for owning slaves, and some slaves many not have been
counted to avoid the tax. Records show that when the
philosopher Plato died he left five domestic slaves in his will. His pupil
Aristotle left fourteen. For Aristotle the underlying principle of democracy
is freedom, since only in a democracy the citizens can have a share in
freedom.

History shows that the rhetoric of liberty and the institution of slavery
may go hand in hand. If history may be used as a guide, and we truly wish
to protect individual liberty, the institution of a trial by jury of our
peer must be rooted in our culture. Slave laws would be unenforceable if every individual (which includes
slaves by the way) had the absolute right to have a trial by jury.

Liberty is at risk as long as the same organization making the laws
has the power to interpret those laws and enforcing them.

If democracy is the right of the people to govern themselves, then the
same people should also have the final word on the interpretation of their
laws. The jury is our final check, the people's last safeguard against
unjust laws and tyranny.

One may argue that slavery is long gone, and now things are different.
Not quite! Slavery changed its form. Exploitation does not require
chains and balls. Modern slavery is accomplished by taking money
directly from the worker's paycheck, or withdrawing funds from his bank account,
or the equivalent by leaving the money in the bank account, however making
the that money worthless: it is called inflation.

,
or by designing an economic system where the individual is pushed to sell
his labor to an organizations because regulations makes it too difficult for
him to open his own business. A more subtle and less
conspicuous form of slavery can be found in situations where unscrupulous
employers take advantage of unfortunate individuals in poor economic
circumstances unable to afford the licensing fees to start their own
business. If there were no requirements for expensive permits and licenses,
those poor individuals would have the option to fire their boss.
Again, worker abuse is far more frequent in countries with a lot of red tape,
compared to countries where it is easy to open a business.

Slavery may be officially illegal, however the new masters are banks and big corporations
controlling the
government and making laws to protect their interests at the expense of the
rest of the population. Large corporations spend billions in lobbying to
protect their market by crippling competition. Legislators
make laws and regulations as a barrier of entry, thus making it very difficult
for an individual to open his business. As a result, the individual
has less
choice and often end up working for a large corporation because he was unable to comply with all the red tape. It is no coincidence the
poorest countries have the most laws and red tape. Red tape includes spending time
searching for the rules and regulations necessary for opening a business, filling out of paperwork, spending money to hire
professionals for advice, getting certification
requirements, obtaining of licenses, waiting for multiple
people or a committee to approve a decision, mandatory auditing, inspection,
investigation, reporting, and various low-level rules that
make conducting one's affairs slower, more difficult, or both. Large
organization LOVE red tape, because they have already established themselves in the
market, and red tape is their only way to block new businesses operating
more efficiently. For instance, if red tape may delay a competitor by
several months or years, then those regulations benefit the businesses
already ready established. In fact, the established businesses would
not mind delaying new entrants forever, than facing competition. This
is why there are so many monopolies, where businesses court the government
for special privileges of no competition at all, such as selling
electricity (alcohol, gambling or distributing mail). Red tape also incurs an opportunity cost to the new
business, because often the new startup borrowed money and must pay interest
on its loan while waiting for the paperwork to arrive. When the
paperwork is ready, the startup may have missed the market because the big
corporation captured the market. Large corporations are established in
sales and marketing, and consequently are capable to sell an inferior
quality product far better than an unknown startup. Large corporations
also have contacts and often relationships with bureaucrats and politicians,
so they may use bribes or legislation as a tool for preventing a competitor
to obtain a license and/or the required paperwork for starting a business. Large
corporations do not
mind spending money on bribes because they can afford them. The larger
the bribe, the better because there is less competition for them.

Despite bad policies and regulations which are the source of worker abuse, the greatest form of slavery comes from banks forcing individuals to
use their fiat money. There is nothing as powerful as an Elite
controlling the money supply. The privilege of creating money gives
an Elite a tool to steal the asset of an entire nation by inflating the
money supply.

Although chattel slavery may be defined as the total control
of one person by another for the purpose of economic exploitation, we must
also include in our definition of partial slavery the notion of
partial control, that is the
non-ownership of one's person and labor. For instance, forced marriage is a form of
slavery compelling a woman into involuntary servitude. Likewise, a
pimp forcing a woman into prostitution is also engaging in a form of modern
slavery, despite the woman being physically free however intimidated to act in a way she would not otherwise. Contemporary
slavery also include debt bondage, forced labor, child soldiers, child
pornography, human trafficking and sex trafficking.

Deny them of their education = human trafficking.

It is involuntary servitude. A slave must work under a whip, real or
figurative, wielded by other persons, his owners, with no say in how (or
even if) his labors are compensated. His is a one-way contract he cannot opt
out of. A slave is tied to his master (and to the land where he labors). He
cannot simply quit if he doesn’t like it. Moreover, a slave can be bought
and sold like any other commodity.

According to libertarian social
ethics, contracts should be voluntary and not coerced.

In this Constitution, we define slavery as ongoing theft. It is not
just stealing someone's labor; it is the theft of an entire life
Whatever the victim has his money stolen

Slavery is illegal everywhere and so requires corruption and crime to
continue.

The power of the slave owner is always subject to the power
of the state; slavery can only continue to exist if governments permit it
to, and some writers claim that government corruption is a leading cause of
the persistence of slavery.

Fiat money prevent people to save, keeping them in perpetual debt.

However, there are some crucial differences between historical and modern
forms of slavery:

There's no longer a need for legal ownership; people can be bought, sold
and bartered among "owners" who take temporary possession;

People caught up in slavery today can be purchased and sold for as
little as $100 (compared to 10 times that much in the 1850s). As a
result, people become "disposable;" i.e., easily replaceable.

There are more slaves than ever before, but they are a smaller proportion
of the human race

For instance, if an individual is taking half of the income of another
person, then the

reducing the middle class to work harder and harder, having just
enough money to make ends meet. Prices keep going up and up, and both
parents have to work just to pay for essential things such as housing, food
and transportation.

The under class is receiving wages that barely keep them alive.

people working

Article 4 of the UDHR states that ‘No one shall be held in slavery or
servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their
forms’.

slaves. leaving

Slavery is the total control of one person by another for the purpose of
economic exploitation. It is not just stealing someone's labor; it is the
theft of an entire life. Having just enough money to get by, receiving wages
that barely keep you alive, may be called wage slavery, but it is not
slavery. Sharecroppers have a hard life, but they are not slaves. Child
labor is terrible, but it is not necessarily slavery.

Inflation is a tax, however the proceed of this tax goes to banks.

The bulk of slavery is by inflating the money
supply, which causes overall prices to rise, thus confiscating the fruit.
Requires more and more productivity just to maintain the same lifestyle.

Mentality of creating cartels, and those who form the cartel benefit from
it. This is why there is so much support from members of the cartel.
Putting an individual in prison for doing manicures without a license sounds
fair to those who have a license because they do not want competition.
Besides, their license is increasing value, making it appear like it is a
good "investment". Taxi license in New York costing $1 Million.

depriving

we have bankster elites dictating to governments what they should do with
the aim of centralizing more power into their hands. The richest
individuals, such as Bill Gates and Warren Buffet, with their tax-free
foundations are advocating more taxes.

The banking elite. Today, business pay more in interest payment to
banks than they pay dividends to their shareholders. Everyone has
debts. In a typical mortgage, the bank will collect more interest
payments than the people who built the house and provided the raw materials.
All of this for a simple signature.

When you are in a business of loaning money, you want people to come to
you to borrow money. The more desperate they are for money, the more
you may charge interest. Banks do not wish a rich middle class with a lot of
savings because this means they cannot lend money to them. Taxation is
a great way to transfer money from the middle class to the banking elite.
If taxation was helping the poor and the middle class, we would see the
middle class growing, which by definition a reduction of the number of
people living in poverty. On the contrary, the middle class is
disappearing and rich are getting richer. The fortune of the
billionaires has increased faster than ever before, and the concentration of
wealth is in the hands of fewer and fewer individuals.

Enslaving themselves with debt bondage. Third world countries
suffer a similar fate, in debt and controlled by banks who loaned the money
and collecting perpetual interests. Debt "forgiveness" is not an act
of charity, but only when the country is completely incapable of operating,
which would make the indebted country incapable to pay interests anymore.

Taxation benefits the banks, because people without money have to go to
the banks to borrow, enslaving themselves.

No fiat money would come to existence without the use of force

If taxes would help the middle class and/or the middle class, one
would see the middle class growing, but it is not the case. Taxes were
designed by the elite to soak the extra money from the middle class.
The same can be said regarding countries with their "trade agreements", to
constantly keep a large part of the World poor, at the service of the rich
countries. Economic warfare!

Debt so children are enslaved forever to the banking elite.

raid
undocumented immigrants

Another form of slavery is forcing individuals to use fiat money.
In a free society, individuals should be free to use the currency they wish
to conduct business, not be forced. Banks creating fiat money are the
biggest threat for liberty, not only because they are stealing purchasing
power from the population, but they can purchase any politician and
bureaucrat, and therefore control the government. Fiat money also
creates the boom-bust cycle. During the boom banks keep the profits
and during the bust (recession), the taxpayers must bail them out.

Why both parents have to work long hours despite increase in productivity
with computers and technology? Why prices keep rising, from food to energy,
forcing individuals to work longer hours just to maintain the same
lifestyle? Why does it takes decades to pay a typical mortgage to
purchase a house which takes only a few months to build? Why almost
everyone must go to the bank to borrow money for necessities of life such as
a house? Sure, the mortgage contract may be valid, however the
monetary system of fiat money makes it impossible to save, and therefore the
average citizen must constantly go to the bank and borrow money with
interests. Inflation is theft, however very few understand what
inflation is: the increase of the money supply. In other words,
inflation is no different than if you were to print money, except the banks
can do it, with the blessing of the Central Bank.

The income gap between rich and poor keeps widening. While millions
of individuals lost their jobs, assets and homes during the economic crisis
of 2007-2010, the total wealth of billionaires and millionaires in the U.S.
grew 12 percent in year 2010, hitting $1.53 trillion. The total wealth
of billionaires grew even faster. Contrast this with billions of
individuals living on less than $3 per day, drinking polluted water and
dying of starvation.

The prisons are full of people who have done nothing wrong, except be in
possession of a "controlled substance" that the federal government, at
least, has no authority under the Constitution to "control." People
dying of cancer or AIDS have been arrested and jailed just for growing and
smoking marijuana, the only thing that enables them to eat, take their
medication, and stay alive.

What does slavery, regulations and fiat money have anything to do with a trial by
jury? The answer is simple: those "laws" are unjust!

The institution of a Trial by Jury is vital for the preservation of
freedom, and consequently a solution to prevent judicial tyranny. For
instance, it would be very difficult for an individual to convince a jury to
jail another individual for doing a manicure without a license, or serving
food without a permit. Unfortunately, the current system of judges is
so corrupt that jailing people for victimless crimes is routine work.
Allowing judges to have the final decision on laws is very dangerous,
considering judges are cherry picked by politicians, and are paid to
interpret the laws written by politicians. Who control the politicians
are not the voters, but the Elite owning the big banks and large
corporations. Politicians who do not go along with the Elite are
simply discarded and replaced with a new obedient puppet. The
politicians who truly want to help their fellow citizens have a difficult
time being elected, and those who managed to get elected soon meet who is
the real boss.

Since judges are cherry picked by politicians, there is a
high risk of corruption among judges. The judges know they must remain
loyal to the politicians otherwise they are kicked out.

In a free world where judges would be selected on merit rather
than their political affiliations and loyalty for the state, judicial
tyranny would not

Judicial tyranny For instance, it would be very difficult to

and it would be very difficult to have a jury to jail someone
opening a business without the "license" which is nothing than a tax protecting large corporations. However with judges paid to
interpret the laws written by the politicians, their hands are tied.

The powers of juries not only place a curb on the powers of legislators
and judges, but also imply an imputation on their integrity, impartiality
and trustworthiness. These are the reasons why legislators and judges have
harbored the most intense hatred for juries, and, so fast as they could do
it without alerting the People to the loss of their liberties, have now
destroyed juries’ power to judge on justice issues, and with it the Trial by
Jury.

Any Judge ruling on a case by denying a Trial by Jury is committing the highest treason on the land. He must be immediately barred from working for any DRO for the rest of
his life. His name and picture must be permanently visible on the
Hall of Shame on the
Government Website so generations may learn the story and the consequences
of treason. Any DRO
hiring such an individual immediately looses its status of "official"
Dispute Resolution Organization for a full year. Ignorance of the law is no excuse for
a Judge or a DRO!

A Judge does not have to accept a jury in his court room, however
cannot refuse the transfer of the court case to another court with a jury. It is likely some courts will specialize in Trial by
Jury where all the rooms have seats for the jury, and the "judge" is there
to conduct the proceedings in an orderly fashion and maintain the safety of
all parties involved.

Jury Selection (5 to 12 Jurors)

Every Citizen in good standing is welcome to volunteer as a Juror.
To volunteer as a Juror, the citizen login to his account on the Government
Website and registers himself as a juror and enters his desired hourly fee,
up to one gram of gold per hour. To maintain privacy, each volunteer
is assigned a random number (GUID) which is used in the future when
selecting a Jury. The Government Website displays a list of all the
GUIDs and the hourly fees, sorted from smallest to largest. The median
value is the official hourly rate paid to jurors.

When a jury is required, the DRO requests from the Government Website a
list of randomly selected jurors, called the Jury List. The
Jury List contains twice the number of Jurors, sorted from the lowest to the
highest hourly rate. Each Juror is contacted to confirm if
he is still available and willing to be a member of the Jury for the case.
If he agrees, he is a member of a jury, otherwise another Juror is
randomly picked and added to the list of added to the Jury List.
Although all jurors are paid equally, the priority goes to those who
requested the lowest pay. This way, a juror writing zero as his hourly
fee will earn the same as a juror writing 1 gram of gold, however the juror
with the cheaper fee will always be asked first to participate to the jury.
The desire to participate to the jury will create a competition among jurors
to lower their hourly fee, which will lower the median value of the jury
pool which represents the official hourly fee per juror.

Jury of Your Peers (equals)

The principle of a Common Law Jury or Jury of your Peers was first
established on June 15, 1215 at Runnymede, England when King John signed
the Magna Carta. A jury of your peers means anyone in your peer group. Back
when this was created it meant that if you were a farmer your jury would be
filled with farmers. If you were a peasant, your jury would be full of
peasants.

In this Constitution, a jury of your peers means a jury of Citizens.
One may suggest having a of Citizens from your own Civic Society,
however if a Civic Society is going rogue, then it would be like having
a gangster asking to have a jury from his gang. Given the fact that
everyone may become a Citizen, including those without any documents, a Jury
of Citizens who volunteered and passed a test regarding their understanding
of justice is our best bet to safeguard liberty. On the other hand, if
the individual asking for a Jury is found guilty, then his Civic Society
will have to pay restitution, and he will have to answer to the other
members of his Civic Society for his action. In short, he will be
judged by his peer for his actions, and may be expelled by the Civic Society, or have to pay a higher premium to refund the restitution fee paid
by his Civic Society.

Any citizen having a conflict of interest in the case must be excluded.
For instance, if the Mayor is accusing an individual, then all
government employees and government contractors must be excluded as members
of the jury, because they indirectly receive money from the Government.
As a safety measure against tyranny, the Government is forbidden to use any
court or any DRO against citizens. If the government has been victim of a
crime, such as someone burning a government building, then the Mayor
himself
must appear, in flesh and blood, in court to seek restitution.
The Mayor may seek advise from anyone he/she wishes, however cannot
delegate his authority to someone else. This is important to
prevent the Government to hire individuals, let's call them tax collectors,
which use the courts for the
purpose of legally extorting money from the population.

Who pays the jury?

One cannot do justice by causing injustice to someone else.

At Village Libre, all jurors must have voluntary agreed to participate to
a Jury and must be paid. Again, one
cannot do justice by causing injustice to someone else, such as forcing an
individual to participate to "jury duty" and/or not paying him according to
his consent.

Both parties must chip-in for the jury fees, and the innocent party
receive a refund at pro-rata according to the jury verdict. For
instance, if the selected a jury has 9 individuals, and 6 declared the
defendant innocent, then the accused party will have to pay 6/9 (66.7%) of
the jury fees, while defendant (despite being declared innocent) will still
have to pay 3/9 of the jury fees.

Therefore, if someone wishes to bring another individual to court, he
must weight the possibility of a trial by jury, and bear the entire cost of
the jury (plus court fees) if the jury unanimously declares that the accused
is innocent.

Jury Qualification

Each juror must pass a test prior volunteering. Again, the
questions and answers are not tricky as they are available on the Government
Website. The goal is to have a quality jury where each juror has basic
understanding of property, rights, liberty and law. Above all, the juror must
know what Jury Nullification means.

The qualification should be mostly done before listing the individuals on
the website of the jury pool. The judge is forbidden to ask the juror
to obey to him.

When an individual requests a trial by jury, he actually pays for a
quality service, rather than a random sample of the population, from which
some may be angered to be forced participate to the "jury duty", or having
no interest in delivering justice, or mentally incapable to comprehend abstract concepts such
freedom, rights and law. In most countries, jurors
are threaten with imprisonment for refusing participating to jury duty.
As a result, the verdict may not be
fair, as the jurors may wish to rush the case to return to their normal
life and business.

Jury Verdict

A person is presumed innocent until proven guilty

The expression, "beyond a reasonable doubt", requires clarification for
the benefit of the jury. The correct explanation of the requisite
burden of proof is essential to ensure a fair criminal trial:

the standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt is inextricably
intertwined with that principle fundamental to all criminal trials, the
presumption of innocence;

the burden of proof rests on the prosecution throughout the trial
and never shifts to the accused;

a reasonable doubt is not a doubt based upon sympathy or prejudice;

rather, it is based upon reason and common sense;

it is logically connected to the evidence or absence of evidence;

it does not involve proof to an absolute certainty; it is not proof
beyond any doubt nor is it an imaginary or frivolous doubt; and

more is required than proof that the accused is probably guilty ‑‑ a
jury which concludes only that the accused is probably guilty must
acquit.

Based on the maxim that a man is presumed innocent until proven guilty
and there must clear and convincing evidence for a conviction, the threshold
of having 3 jurors declaring the accused is innocent is sufficient to reach
a "not-guilty" verdict. In a Jury of 12 jurors, 3 jurors means
that 25% of the jurors believe the accused is innocent, which is enough to
dismiss the proof beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused is guilty.

Jury Recycling

Once a Jury is form, the same jury may recycled for other cases.
Let's take a typical morning:

The first case is a group of individuals seeking prison to a single
mother because she refuses to pay an exorbitant late fee on a book
borrowed by one of her child. That group of individuals
claims a total devotion in "serving" the public, promoting family
values, and of course, helping the homeless, the poor and/or people in
need. This group is obviously not-for profit, however want the
money for their self-proclaimed good cause. To her defense, the
woman reminds the group that the book was paid from her money taken by
coercion, more specifically, collected via taxes, which by the way, are
always increasing faster than the cost of living. The woman
explains she is working hard, and has difficulties to pay her bills and
feed her children, and consequently she has little time to spend time
them because of the long hours of work and commuting. She insists
her young children are not thieves, but they probably lost the book
somewhere. She says she is willing to replace the lost book with a
new one, however cannot afford to pay the exorbitant fee which is more
than 20 times the value of the book.

The second case is a group of individuals seeking up to 6 years of
prison to an individual who refuses to fill a form and sign it.
The defendant claims he has no desire to conduct business with this
group of individuals, and forcing him to sign a contract against his
will is an act of extortion. Furthermore, the defendant claims the
group has a long history of criminal activity, and financing such group
would make him a partner-in-crime. Besides, the supposed contract
has thousand of pages, written by thousands of different individuals.
The defendant claims that nobody in the world has the capacity to
understand the contract, and both parties agree that any violation of
this contract is may result years of prison.

The third case is a group of individuals seeking prison to a farmer
who sold raw milk to his neighbors. This group of individuals is
unable to demonstrate any authority on the matter. The farmer brought
his customers as witness to testify the raw milk tastes better and is
healthier.

The next case is a group of individual seeking prison to parents
refusing vaccination to their child. Autism. This group
seeking imprisonment is financed by the corporation selling those
vaccines.

People having sex and offering money.

The next case is a group of individuals seeking prison to a man who
purchased a bottle of wine. The group wish imprisonment because they
want a monopoly on selling illegal products because they may make more
profit, the same as drugs.

The next case is a group of individuals seeking prison to a woman
because she is doing the work of a man, such as giving health care.
Nobody complained about the quality of her work, however this group of
self-appointed individuals claim they are protecting the public.
Nothing is elaborated on how the group is protecting the public, or from
what, however the group claim we have to make a leap of faith in their
good intentions..

The next case is a group of individuals seeking imprisonment to a
man who cured the back pain of his neighbor. This self-anointed
group claims the imprisonment is a good thing to protect the public,
despite the man who no longer has back pain is there to testify he feels
better.

The next case is a group of individual seeking castration to a young
woman because they feel she is not desirable. That group of
individuals have no evidence whatsoever about the young woman being
undesirable, except their notable history of racism. To her
defense, this young woman shows she is smarter than average by having
good grades at school, good behavior, she loves children and would like
to have a family some day, and it is unfair to her to be denied her
right to have children by a group of racist claiming authority to
castrate her.

The next case is a man who is facing 50 years of jail for stealing 3
DVDs, where the total production cost is worth less than $1.

The next case is a man who is facing 75 years of jail for video
recording the misconduct of a police officer.

A woman with a criminal case for owing $0.60 15 years ago.

The next case is an individual seeking restitution from damages of a
street gang. This street gang has a long history of brutality,
crime and corruption. To their defense, the gang claims the
damages are "collateral damages" and therefore not subject to
restitution. Besides, the gang claim "we are just doing our job".

In the line of duty.

The next case is a group of individuals seeking prison to an
individual who refuses to join their gang. This gang claims a
monopoly of violence on their territory, and since that individual was
born within the geographical area of what the gang defines as its
territory, the individual therefore belongs to them. To his
defense, the individual claims he does not wish to join such gang,
because he knows the gang will train to use deadly force and give him
orders to kill innocent people.

The next case is a group of individuals seeking the death penalty to
a young man for cowardice. The group claims the young man is a
coward and refused to obey their order to kill innocent civilians.
This group claim having a contract with the young man. On their
supposed contract, the young man agreed to obey any order, and in case
of refusal, he deserve whatever punishment the gang deem fair and just.
As a result, the gang is seeking an execution by firing squad to honor
their practice of good use of weapons. To his defense, the young
man claims he never desired to join such a group, he was intimidated
with imprisonment to sign such a contract, and the orders were against
his conscience.

The next case is a group of individual seeking the death penalty to
a young woman for treason. The young woman is a professional nurse
who gave first aid to a wounded individual belonging to an "enemy gang".
Since the gang seeking the death penalty claims, despite any evidence,
complete ownership of the young woman, and consequently they feel they
have the right to execute her by firing squad for her crime of helping a
member of the other gang. To her defense, the young woman says
forgot to ask the wounded young man which gang he belongs.
Besides, she claims she prefer to use ethics and focus on her
professional calling to save lives than picking sides on which gang
member to help.

Whatever the judge is professionally obliged to judge against good
judgment, or is being intimidated by the State, or completely devoid of
common sense is irrelevant. What matters is that without a trial by
jury, serious injustice is perpetuated.

Jury Waiver for Businesses

A contractual jury waiver is a contractual provision that expressly
states that the parties to the contract waive their right to a jury if a
dispute should arise between them. If a dispute arises, one party
could sue the other in court, but neither party would have the option to
request a jury to determine the outcome.

The Jury Waiver is valid only for businesses-to-business. Two businesses
may waive their right to have a trial by jury if they prefer a specific DRO
to resolve their disputes. In some cases, a contract may have very
specific clauses and requires an expert arbitrator with very technical
skills to resolve a dispute in a fair manner. An example would be a
manufacturer of smartphones ordering 1 million processors from a chipmaker.
The chip is leaking current causing the battery life to be shorter by 40%.
To make the problem worse, the smartphone company already spent $10 in
advertising about their new smartphone, bragging about the long battery
life. Can the smartphone company cancel the contract? If so, the
company may have to delay the launch of their new smartphone which has huge
opportunity costs. If the contract cannot be cancelled, then what kind
of compensation should be given to the smartphone company? In such a
dispute, having a jury of random citizens may not be the best solution, as
the jurors have no technical expertise on the matter and their verdict may
be unpredictable.

The goal of this Constitution is to protect the rights of everyone,
including people vulnerable to legal predators. If two businesses do
not wish
to have a trial by jury, then they must specify on their contract by
writing the name of the DRO that will resolve any potential dispute.
The contract must include the name of both businesses, and be signed by
three officers from each business, plus the signature of DRO officer acting
as a witness. The DRO may directly resolve the dispute, or outsource
the dispute to an expert firm on the matter.

The requirement of three signatures is important for protecting
individuals and small businesses from large predatory organizations
requiring their customers to waive their rights to have a trial by jury, and later use the law to
extort money from them. Too many times in history people have been
victim of large organizations using the law as a tool for legal plunder.
Requiring a single signature could easily lead to extortion, as an
individual may be intimidated to waive his right to have a trial by jury,
and later find himself in a debt bondage without any access to a fair trial
by jury. In many countries, the Social Security Number creates a
"person" (or corporation) where the individual representing this person is
now compelled to be a witness against himself, cannot remain silent and
ordered to sign a contract (the tax return) against his wish to perpetually
renew his bondage with the State. Above all, the individual is denied
access to have a trial by jury. The Income Tax system is nothing more
than modern slavery, where the individuals are denied their right to keep
the fruit of their labor. Chattel Slavery was also operating on the
same concept as the Social Security Number, where the slaves where "signing
a contract" in exchange for the benefit of their transportation and having a job. Slavery would
have never lasted if slaves had access to a trial by jury to challenge the
validity of such "contract". The
Fugitive Slave Act of passed by
the United States Congress on September 18, 1850 was eventually repelled

. Contract and must specify an amount. Again, this clause is to
avoid an ambiguous "contract" to give half of one salary in exchange for
"benefits" which are not enumerated in the "contract".
Must refer to this clause in the Constitution. The Jury Waiver cannot
be applied to any contract with a quasi-governmental organization, such as a
Civic Society, Dispute Resolution Organization, Treasury, nor with any
Government Person.

sunset provision

The requirement of two signatures is also insufficient, as a married
couple could be considered a business, as it is currently defined as a
"person" in many countries. It would be too easy for a large
organization to trick couples to sign a contract to waive their rights for a
trial by jury, and later enforce their contracts through the legal system.

lifestyle, race, skin color, nationality, country of birth, status.
Even the individual with no paper who entered to Village Libre by
trespassing has the right to have a fair trial, which includes a trial by
jury. This individual also has the right to use the court system to
seek restitution if his property was aggressed or taken without his consent.

At Village Libre, such
deceits are unacceptable, and this is the reason every individual has an
absolute, unalienable right to have a trial by jury.

Appeal of a Decision

If an individual believe the ruling was unfair, he has the option to pick
another DRO for another trial. When appealing a decision, the
individual must bear the entire cost of the trial, and if given
satisfaction, the other party will have to refund him the cost of trial.
This clause is important to prevent someone to appeal over and over again to
drain the finance resources of the other party. Eventually, what will
happen is no DRO will want to hear the case. If 3 DROs have ruled the
same way, it is very likely the other DROs will not be interested in the
case.

The Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars is composed of 12 randomly
selected Liberty Scholars
having the mission of resolving a single
Constitutional Dispute. This Jury has the duty to defend the Constitution,
acting somewhat as a
"Supreme Court" regarding the interpretation of the Constitution.

The Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars does not resolve disputes between
individuals. Only a Civic Society may request a Grand Jury of
Liberty Scholars to determine if an individual committed an act of
treason. The Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars
does not has the power of Jury Nullification regarding a Clause of the
Constitution.

such as determining if a Government
Person committed an act of treason, or a Civic Society violated the
an individual

issuing Warnings of Treason to impeach Government Persons, or
revoke the citizenship of individuals who are tempting

Only a Grand Jury of Liberty may issue a warning regarding an act of
treason.

Only a Civic Society may initiate a request for a Grand Jury of
Liberty.

The Veto Committee is somewhat the "Supreme Court", however deals only with
as impeaching a
Government Officer or revoking
the citizenship of an individual who has committed a serious crime. The Veto Committee does not interfere in resolving
private disputes between individuals.

The Veto Committee is passive by nature, meaning it cannot open a case or
resolve a dispute that does not exists. Only a Civic Society may
initiate a request for the Veto Committee to review. For instance, if
the Mayor is presumed to commit an act of Treason, then a case unless a
Civic Society is initiating

Issue a warning when a Government
Person is not obeying the Constitution, and consequently his
impeachment.

Determine if a Mayoral Candidate violated the election rules.

Determine if a Jury Waiver is void because the contract was not
properly drafted, or is missing some signatures.

Determine if a Government

The Veto Committee is also responsible of maintaining hardware and software
for the Audit Database.

impeachment of a Government Officer over the
interpretation of This Constitution between a Civic Society and a
Government Officer.

A Treason Warning is issued to any individual committing an act of
Treason. Only a Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars
may issue a Treason Warning. As a rule of thumb, Citizens, Residents and
Visitors are not subject to
treason, unless proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt to have conspired
with a Government Person, or incited a Government Person, to commit an act
of treason.

The purpose of issuing a Treason Warning is preventing the
impeachment or the revocation of citizenship on the first offence.
Everyone make mistakes, and sometimes an action which may appear
insignificant may consists of an act of treason at Village Libre.
As a result, the first Treason Warning consists of only a fine, ranging from
100 hours to 1000 hours of the median salary.

For instance, the Government is forbidden have a Central Bank or a
national currency. Any group of individuals courting the Mayor or
lobbying the Village Council for a national currency (which is a monopoly on the money supply) are
indeed committing an act of treason.

may appear just

giving a to give a "second chance"

People may make mistakes, including Government Officers and Employees.
This is why the first mista

if found guilty by the Veto Committee which consists of a Jury of 9
juror. Each juror must write an article to justify his decision.

An individual committing an act of High Treason is immediately loses his
citizenship and is banned citizenship for life. His name, picture and
description of the offence is permanently displayed on the Hall of Shame
on the Government Website.

At Village Libre, only a Judge may commit an act of High Treason.
High Treason is done when an individual express the desire to have a trial
by jury and the judge would deny the request and rule on the case.

A Liberty Scholar is a title assigned to an individual who has learned and mastered the
topic of individual liberty. A Liberty Scholar is an individual of high intellectual
caliber as well as a person of high morality and living with integrity.

The purpose of the Faculty of Liberty Scholars is keeping the beacon of
individual liberty for the people of Village Libre. The duty of the
Faculty is advancing the scholarship of individual liberty and determining
the requirements necessary for an individual to quality as a
Liberty Scholar. Likewise, the Faculty has
the authority to remove the title of Liberty Scholar to an individual who
committed fraud, or does not live according to the principles of liberty.

The Faculty of Liberty Scholars is composed of 15 Faculty Members.
Once an individual becomes a Faculty Member, he may stay until sane the rest
of his life, or until

Although the Faculty of Liberty Scholars may be considered a
Government
Institution, the Faculty is does not receive any money from taxpayers.
The Faculty is allowed to receive donations only. To preserve
independence of though and prevent conflict of interests, no Faculty Member
is allowed to work as government officers, employees or contractor.

A Quasi-Government Organization is a group of Citizens following
very strict rules in exchange of having special privileges to perform limited
governmental functions, such as granting citizenship to an individual, issuing a
driver license, registering a title of land ownership, awarding a diploma
recognized by the government, and/or operating a prison. Those
organizations do not hold any monopoly on their priveleges and are subject of competition of the market,
as multiple of them may offer the same services. Quasi-Government Organizations must be
registered and listed on the Government Website, however they are privately
owned, autonomous in their management, receive their funding solely from
customers willing to purchase their services, and may go bankrupt if unable to
attract and/or satisfy their customers.

Quasi-Government Organizations are the ultimate taxpayers. Any Tax
or Fee necessary to pay for Government Expenditures, which includes the
weekly pay of Government Officers and the upkeep of Government Institutions,
must come solely from Quasi-Government Organizations. It is an act of
treason for the Treasurer, or any other Government Person, to receive any funds directly from an individual
or business.

We already covered two Quasi-Government Organizations: Civic
Societies and
Dispute Resolution Organizations.
Those organizations represent the backbone of of the social structure and
justice system at Village Libre. Other Quasi-Government Organizations include
Prison Operators, Land Registrars, Work-for-Food Coordinators and Accredited
Organizations.

There are four other Quasi-Government Organizations: Prison Operators,
Land Registrars, Work-for-Food Coordinators and Accredited Organizations.

A Quasi-Government Organization must follow very strict tules to remain
In Good Standing. As long as the organization follows
the necessary rules, it has the privilege to perform its governmental
functions.

For instance, all Quasi-Government Organization must at all times
maintain a minimum of three (3) contract contracts with Dispute Resolution Organizations
willing to settle their disputes. For a
Dispute Resolution Organization
to remain In Good Standing, it must have three contracts with Civic
Societies willing to accept them to settle their disputes. Also, those
organizations must have a minimum number of Citizens willing to endorse the
organization and
take responsibility for the actions of their members.

Certain types of organizations must pay a periodic fee to remain In
Good Standing.
For instance, the Land Registrar must pay a yearly fee to the Chief Land
Registrar to have access to modify the Land Registry database.

One characteristic of all
Quasi-Government Organizations is the requirement to maintain a minimum
Restitution Reserve in order to remain In Good Standing. This requirement
is essential to ensure all
Quasi-Government Organizations are accountable and responsible for their
actions. For instance, a Civic Society or Accredited Organization has
the privilege to
grant a Driver License, however if the driver causes an accident, then the
organization is responsible of paying for the damages if the driver is
unable to cover the costs. Likewise, a Civic Society or an Accredited
Organization may sponsor a Visitor, however if the Visitor comits a crime,
then the organization will have to pay compensation to the victim(s).

To ensure the Restitution Reserve remains meaningful over centuries, its
value is expressed in Man-Hours.

Quasi-Government Organization

Minimum Restitution Reserve in Man-Hours

Minimum Number of Citizens

Civic Society

10,000

20

Prison Operator

50,000

10

Others

5,000

5

For instance, if the average worker earns $10 per hour, then each Civic
Society must keep a minimum Restitution Reserve having a Bitcoin value
equivalent to $100,000.

Since the Restitution Reserve is stored in Bitcoins, each
Quasi-Government Organization must publish on the Government Website the
Bitcoin address containing the Restitution Reserve. This way, the
public may see how much Resitution Reserve each organization has.

Outsourcing the Restitution Reserve

Since the amount of 10,000 Man-Hours is a larage amount and we want a low
barrier of entry for Citizens to establish their own Civic Societies, the
organization may contract (outsource) up to 95% of its Restitution Reserve
from another Quasi-Government Organization willing to take responsibility.

For instance, a Civic Society may own only 5% of its Restitution Reserve
(500 Man-Hours) and have a Prison Operator vouching the remaining (9,500
Man-Hours). In such a case, the Government Website would display two
Bitcoin addresses: the Civic Society having Bitcoins worth more than 500
Man-Hours, and the Bitcoin Address of the Prison Operator vouching for the
Civic Society. This way, the public may verify if the sum meets the
minimum required Restitution Reserve.

Joint Liability Restitution Reserve

Another solution to lower the barier of entry to establish a
Quasi-Government Organization is having Citizens pledging their own credit,
up to 500 Man-Hours, as collateral for the
Restitution Reserve. For instance, a group of 20 individuals may
establish their Civic Society by having 500 Man-Hours worth of Bitcoins, and
each pledging 500 Man-Hours, resulting in a total Restitution Reserve worth
10,500 Man-Hours.

A Citizen may pledge a maximum of 500 Man-Hours, so if he wishes to

Officers pay double

Voting on the Restitution Reserve

Every citizen has the right to vote at any time on the amount of gold in
the restitution reserve, using his online account. The amount

The amounts are averaged for each Civic Society, and the
average Restitution Reserve for each Protection count of the Citizen. Each
Civic Society there

Representative Democracy. This extra step is to make all Civic
Societies equal, thus preventing a Civic Society with a lot of citizens
to vote high a very Restitution Reserve thus preventing small Civic Societies from raising the necessary gold for the Restitution Reserve.

Unlocking the Restitution Reserve

Insufficient Restitution Reserve

A Prison Operator is an
Accredited Organization specializing
in keeping criminals physically confined for the purpose of preventing them from committing more crimes, or as a punishment for committing
crimes.

The Prison Operator must maintain a
Restitution Reserve of a minimum of 50,000
Man-Hours. This
requirement is 5 times the mandatory Restitution Reserve required by
ordinary Civic Societies or
Accredited Organizations, just in
case a prisoner escapes and causes damage, or if the Prison Operator
violates its contract with a prisoner, and the prisoner gets raped,
tortured or killed by another prisoner, or worse, by the Prison Operator
itself.

The Prison Operator must have a written contract with a minimum of
five (5) Dispute Resolution Organizations
(in good standing) and five (5) Civic Societies
recognizing the organization as an accredited Prison Operator. This
severe
requirement is to prevent corruption or collusion, and also give a
choice to prisoners when filing a complaint against a Prison Operator
alleged to have violated their incarceration contract.

The Bill of Rights for Prisoners are safeguards to prevent abuse
by Prison Operators. Since all prisons are
privately operated, there is always a risk of a Prison Operator abusing its
privilege. Since prisoners are not free to leave the prison, they have
a Bill of Rights to protect them against abuse such as sexual, psychological, physical, forced labor,
neglect and overcrowding.

Bill of Rights for Prisoners

The Prisoner has the right to choose any Prison
Operator (in good
standing), negotiate and sign a contract with them. Of course the
Prison Operator has the duty to keep the prisoner from escaping, however
the Prisoner may negotiate services, such as tools for work, the size of room, food
plan, type of Internet connection, access to facilities such as a gym,
pool, cinema, library, and education. Competition
among Prison Operators to "attract customers" will ensure the
prisons are safe, the facilities (such as medical services) are adequate,
and the incarceration fees are fair.

Since the Prisoner has the right to choose his prison, he also has
the responsibility to pay the entire cost of his incarceration.
Prisoners may have to sell their assets or borrow money, however it
is likely Prisoners will voluntary seek work increase their quality of
life while in prison. Prison Operators will have a financial
incentive to accommodate and encourage prisoners to work within the
prison facility. The more
a prisoner earns, the more services he may purchase from the Prison
Operator. If a prisoner has no skills, the Prison Operator has a
financial incentive to train him and find him work so he may purchase
additional services from the prison facility.

If the Prisoner is unwilling to pay the incarceration cost, then the
responsibility falls under the Civic Society
sponsoring him at the moment the crime was committed. Civic
Societies are responsible to pay restitution for damages caused by their
members if unable or unwilling to pay. If the Civic Society pays
for the incarceration costs, then the Civic Society has the right to
choose any Prison Operator in good standing. If the Civic Society
is unable to pay because it depleted its
Restitution Reserve, then the Civic Society of the victim(s) will
pay and decide. After all, each Civic Society has the duty to
protect its members, and if there is a dangerous criminal loose, the
remaining Civic Societies will have an incentive to keep the criminal in
prison to reassure their members.

The Prisoner has the right to change prison, provided he pays the
relocation costs.

Prisoner has the right to keep his extra income. Unless
specified in the incarceration contract, the extra income belongs to the
Prisoner. There may instances, where the Prisoner may have a
contract sharing his income with the Prison Operator. An example
would be the prison facility is offering a store for prisoners to sell
their items to the public. In such a case, the prison facility may
request a percentage of the sales, like shopping malls do with their
stores.

In the event the Prisoner has been beaten or abused, he has right to
receive compensation. Typically the incarceration contract will specify
the restitution for each kind of assault.

The Prisoner has the right to have a computer, with any encryption
software of his choice. Nobody may force the Prisoner to reveal his
password or open any files.

The Prisoner has the right to wear any recording device
(audio, video, pictures) and upload them on a remote site via an Internet
connection. The Prisoner has the right to setup his own wireless network in
his room and setup the necessary software to upload videos in real-time to a
third party website, typically a website owned by a friend who truly cares
about the wellbeing of the Prisoner.

The Prisoner has full access to court documents so he may
review his case and/or file an appeal while incarcerated. Having
to wait until the sentence is over may cause irreparable damages to an
innocent individual.

Unless explicitly forbidden by a Judge (or Jury), the Prisoner has
access to the Internet with transfer of 1 Gigabyte per day and a
guaranteed speed of 1 Mbps. This allows the Prisoner to make phone
calls with software such as Skype, continue his defense and have access
to court documents, share his story of his life in prison, and perhaps
operate a business (depending what kind of business and what crime was
committed).

The Prisoner has the right to publicize all the court documents on
the Internet. The Internet is important tool to expose judiciary
corruption,
as anyone may review the judicial procedure.

The Prisoner has the right to blog about his experience while in
prison.

If any evidence gets "lost" then the Prisoner must be immediately released.
It is the responsibility of the Prison Operator to
keep the evidence while the Prisoner is incarcerated, and an extra 5 years
after being released. This
way, someone who did time in jail may investigate his trial and seek
restitution if wrongfully accused.

The Land Registry is a database recording the ownership of land by
citizens. Businesses wishing to acquire land must have a citizen in
good standing as the trustee for the land.

Landowner Association

A Landowner Association is a physical jurisdiction committed to
protecting property rights and land use while encouraging responsible
environmental stewardship. To foster competition among Landowner Associations,
a landowner may switch to any adjacent Landowner Association. Of
course, most parcel of land will be landlocked within an existing Landowner
Association, however if a Landowner Association has bad rules or high fees,
then slowly its landowners will migrate their land to a friendlier
jurisdiction.

Landowner Association Requirements

Any landowner(s) having 10 hectares (24.71 acres) or more of
adjacent (or neighboring) fencable land

Any landowner(s) having 10 hectares or more may
form their own Landowner Association. If a piece of land does not
belong to a Landowner Association in good standing, then it cannot be sold
or used as collateral until it joins a Landowner Association which will meet
the minimum criteria of 10 hectares and three (3)
Dispute Resolution Organizations
willing to resolve potential disputes between landowners and/or tenants.

Each Landowner Association must publish its rules on the Government Website. For instance, a
Landowner Association of homeowners in a residential area may forbid
businesses producing bad smell (such as
a pig farm, or a landfill
/ garbage dump), or business producing a lot of noise such as night clubs. Likewise, a Landowner Association of organic farmers
may forbid GMO crops to prevent contamination with their organic crops.

Fencable Land

The fencable land is any land which is 10 meters (32.81 feet) away from
the center of the road. Landowners are free to build anything
considered eco-friendly within their fencable
land, including fencing their land with a wall.

The purpose of this rule is to eliminate narrow roads which are dangerous
for everyone, drivers, cyclists and pedestrians. If an individual is
allowed to own land until the very beginning of the road, then some
individuals will wall their land until the side of the road, leaving no roam
for the road to be widened, no sidewalk, no parking no room for large
vehicles to circulate. The solution is to declare thant any land wthin
10 meters (32.81 feet) from the center of the road is considered common
land, where people have free access for traveling purpose. The
Landowner Association is responsible of maintaining any common land
(including any road passing on such land) adjacent to its landowner(s).

andallow roads to be widened in the future without having to
demolish buildings, and also to facilitate

(Landowners are prohibited to build any permanent building withinn 10
meters (32.81 feet) from the center of the road. This way, if the road
has to be widened, or there is an emergency, the side of the road may be
used without complications.

Responsibilities of a Landowner Association:

Provide water and sewage to its members. The water may come
from a well, a citern, or may be purchased from an adjacent Landowner
Association willing to sell water. Likewise, sewage may be
outsourced to an adjacent Landwoner Association willing to accept and
process wastewater.

Landowners are not allowed to dump their waste in their backyard.
Garbage must be disposed in an Accredited Waste Disposal Facility.

Maintain roads and keep them clean.

To ensure property rights and environmental rights are respected, each
parcel of land, whatever it is only 1 square meter, must be a member of a
Landowner Association.

To qualify as a Landowner Association, the total land must be 10
hectares (24.71 acres) or more of adjacent (or neighboring) land.

Environment Issues

To ensure the proprety of landowners is respected, the Landowner
Association must get the approval from three (3)
Dispute Resolution Organization
willing to vouch on the project regarding the construction of a well, sewage
system and waste disposal area. Each well, sewage system or waste
disposal area must be published on the Government Website with pictures and
full disclosure regarding the technical details and the individuals
responsible of building sucy a system. The website must also enable
individuals to comment if the construction of such a system represents a
danger to the environment.

Eco-Friendly / Environmentally friendly

Property rights includes

Politics of Landowner Associations

Each Landowner Association must have a President which may be elected by
landowners members of the association.

A Landowner Association cannot forbid the sale of land to a citizen, nor
forbid a citizen to merge land, or join another Landowner Association.

In broad terms, an Accredited Organization is a group of Citizens
having the authority to act as agents of the Government. For instance,
Civic Societies and a
Dispute Resolution Organizations
are specific Accredited Organizations having the authority to sponsor
Citizens and resolve disputes special duties.

A generic Accredited Organization is a group of Citizens having the authority to
certify individuals, and/or order Government
Documents, such as Diplomas, Certificates, Driver Licenses, Visitor
Cards. Accredited Organizations have the authority to sponsor Visitors
(tourists) and sponsor individuals as Certified Professional.

The purpose of having Accredited Organizations is to create a self-regulated
market of competing organizations offering services and credentials to
individuals and businesses. For instance, a Civic Society has the
authority to issue a Driver License, however an Accredited Organization may
offer better rates and more coverage. Likewise, a Civic Society
may award a Diploma, however receiving a diploma from recognized Accredited
Organization having a reputation of excellence may offer more value to the
student than
receiving a diploma from an unknown Civic Society. Over time,
specialization and competition will create a network of Accredited
Organizations for every industry and profession. To be clear, no
individual may be forced to join any Accredited Organization. An
individual with a pair of pliers may call himself a Dentist, and someone
owning a sharp knife may call himself a Surgeon. Without any
certification, it is likely the population (potential customers) may
question the
competences of such "professional", and may decide to go to another Dentist or Surgeon
who is a member of a reputable Accredited Organization. Notice there may be
multiple Accredited Organizations offering diplomas and/or certifications
for professionals, such as Dentists or Surgeons. Organizations having high quality standards will attract the
best Dentists (no good Dentist wants to be a member of an Organization
having a bad reputation) and those with poor standards will eventually go out of
business.

Here are a few examples of individuals joining an Accredited
Organization:

Alice is 13 and she wants to earn extra cash. She is
considering babysitting, however because she is only 13, parents are a
bit hesitant to hire her. She joins the School of
Babysitters, learn skills such as basic first aid, calling for an
ambulance in case of emergency, and receive a diploma of a Babysitter. Having a diploma and being a
member of the Association of Babysitters gives parents assurance.
The Association of Babysitters offer compensation to parents if their
babysitters are incompetent, or violate ethic rules, such as neglect
while on duty, or stealing property.

Bob has a car and considers giving rides to people. To
increase his credibility, he joins the Taxi Libre Association.
This association has very strict rules of ethics and promise customers
an indemnity of $1,000,000 if a customer is victim of sexual harassment
by a taxi driver.

Mail Delivery Network. He may deliver mail during idle time.

Join the Minutemen, patrolling the streets. Bob is more like a
sheriff, giving rides from time to time for people in need, however
being paid by the street owner and local shopping mall to patrol the
place every day.

Minute Taxi who all the taxi drivers are active Minutemen.
People calling a Minute Taxi know they have extra protection by an armed
Minuteman, similar as having an safety escort service.

undergo appropriate documented background checks and participate in
a training program

Must have written contract with three (3)
Dispute Resolution Organizations,
shall a dispute arise. If the organization is a DRO, then it must have
contract with three Accredited Organizations willing to recognize them
for resolving disputes.

Government Institutions differ from
Quasi-Government Organizations
as they hold a monopoly on their governmental functions. For instance,
there is only one Village Council, Militia Academy, Minutemen Order, and
Faculty of Liberty Scholars.

Government Institutions do not pay any Taxes. are mostly funded
from Taxes, Fees and are allowed to organize events to raise funds and
recive donations from the public. May have sponsors.

A unique characteristic of such institutions is they cannot go bankrupt.
Therefore it is important to have a mechasm to ensure they do not accumulate
any debts.

Debt and Credit Ratings

The credit rule is simple: Institutions are forbidden to borrow
any kind of money, however they may have short-term debts from unpaid bills and
invoices, according to their credit ratings:

AAA - All bills and invoices have been paid within 7 days during the past
12 months. This grants the privilege to the Institution to
contract short-term debts up to one year. For instance, the Village
Council may sign a contract to repair a roof by making 10 equal monthly payments
to a construction company. The moment the contract is
signed, the Village Council has created a short tem-debt of 10 months.

AA - All bills and invoices have been paid within 15 days during the past
6 months, granting the privilege to the Institution to contract short-term
debts up to 6 months. In our example above, if the Village Council has
AA credit rating, then it would be obligated to pay in full the roof repairs
within 6 months.

A - All bills and invoices have been paid within 30 days during
the past 3 months, granting the privilege to the Institution to contract
short-term debts up to 3 months.

B - At least one bill or invoice has been unpaid for more than 30
days. At this point, the Institution cannot contract any short-term
debt longer than 30 days. This allows the Institution to conduct
regular business, such as receiving monthly invoices (electricity,
telephone, Internet), however cannot postpone its payments longer than 30
days. Without this restriction, it would be tempting for the
Institution find creative ways to defer (postpone) payments and/or rolling
over its debts.

C - At least one bill or invoice has been unpaid for more than 60
days. At this point, the Institution cannot contract any short-term
debt and must pre-pay all its expenses. No new bills or
invoices are allowed, which means the Institution must cancel any
automatic billing, such as electricity, telephone or Internet. As an
example, the Institution must pre-pay its electricity before consuming it.
If the pre-payment is considered insufficient by the utility company, the
company has the right to cut off electricity. This will force the
Institution to prioritize its expenses and take proper actions to balance
its budget. Any individual working on behalf of the Institution, or a
person selling anything to the Institution, willfully trying to circumvent
this rule shall receive a Treason Warning.

D - At least one bill or invoice has been unpaid for more than 90
days. At this point, the Treasury of the Institution has the
obligation to transfer 10% of all incoming funds (gold) to pay the oldest debt.
Since the Institution must pre-pay everything, any outstanding bills and
invoices will be paid eventually. When the last outstanding debt has
been paid in full, within 3 months, the Credit Rating of the Institution
will return to A, and within a year, could return to AAA.

E - At least one bill or invoice has been unpaid for more than 2
years. At this point, any bill older than one year is subject to an online referendum
consulting the population to either pay off the bill immediately, or to
purge it. Citizens can vote paying 0% up to 100% of the balance of
each bill. Each Civic Society pays the bill on a per capita basis
according to the percentage voted by its Citizens. This way, if a
purchase made by the Government was not relevant to a group of individual,
such as a Civic Society, then the Citizens of this Civic Society may vote 0%
and therefore will not disburse anything to pay this bill. This clause is
important to prevent foolish debts, corruption or collusion. For
instance, a corrupt officer could use the Village Council
to build an overpriced building in exchange of a bribe. Since the
contract is overpriced, the builder does not care if it takes decades to get
paid. Without this clause, the rest of the population must bear the
cost of this mischievous contract while the
Village Council is crippled until the debt is
paid in full. The inherent problem with "public debt" is a few
individuals have the power to make purchases using others money, thus
creating a system intrinsically nurturing corruption and collusion.
Having a referendum to pay debts solves the corruption problem because if a purchase
was overpriced, then the seller may actually lose money. Please
bear in mind, if a debt is legitimate (meaning price was fair and the
purchased goods and services are relevant to the operation of the
Institution), it is likely the population will vote in favor to pay off the
debt, however if the debt is the result of an act of collusion or
corruption, then the people have the power to purge it.

These rules give plenty of autonomy to Institutions regarding their
day-to-day operations, however give the people enough power to stop abusive
debts. People and businesses selling goods and services to
Institutions will have an incentive to monitor the Institution's ability to
pay on time. If a purchase appears large compared to the Institution's
income, then the seller should ask for a down payment. If the
Institution is unable to pre-pay, then it means the Institution cannot
afford the purchase. After all, the goal of this Constitution is keeping the government small and living within its means.

Billing Rules

Any kind of debt, such as unpaid bill, invoice, or contract, must be
visible on the Government Website.
An example of such debt would be a bill for the electricity consumed, or
a contract to repair a roof. As the long as the debt remains
unpaid, it must be visible on the Government Website, displaying the
total amount, outstanding amount, terms of payments (if any), name of
the organization receiving the payment (payee), and the Government
Officer who authorized the debt or signed the contract. This way,
the population may audit the debts, and business selling goods and
services are aware of how much debt each Institution has.

To prevent favoritism, all debts must be paid in full according to
the time they are due. This way, the oldest debts are paid first,
making it fairer for those who have been waiting the longest.

To prevent debt bondage, no interest may be charged for late
payments made by Institutions. People doing business with those
Institutions must accept the rules that in the event of a late payment,
they cannot collect any interest. Since those Institutions are not
owned by anyone, cannot go bankrupt, and nobody is really responsible of
their debts, it is important to have rules to prevent those Institutions
to pile up debts. All around the world, there are powerful
organizations, mostly investment banks, eager to loan money to
Governments so they may collect perpetual interests from those loans.
By removing the collection of interests from the equation, the desire to
loan money to those Institutions will be greatly reduced, which in turn
will also reduce the risk of corruption.

All debts must be paid to the creditor who submitted the bill,
invoice or contract onto the
Government Website. This rule is
important to prevent speculators to trade Government debts by purchasing
those debts at discount, thus earning interests when the debit is paid.
The danger of trading such debts is the risk of consolidating those
debts in the hands of a few wealthy individuals, which in turn would
give them more power to lobby and/or control those Institutions. If a
creditor needs the money immediately for an unpaid bill or invoice, the
creditor may borrow money from a friend or a bank using his debt as
collateral. When the Institution has paid the creditor, he can repays
the loan he borrowed from a friend or bank. In the case the
creditor's death, the Institution pays the debt to his heirs.

Those rules do not apply to Government Officers
and Quasi-Government
Organizations, such as Civic Societies, Dispute Resolutions
Organizations and Accredited Organizations. The justification is
Government Officers are personally responsible of any debt they contract
while in office, and if unable to pay, the Officer may resign and/or
file for bankruptcy. It is the responsibility of the creditor to
evaluate if the Government Officer has the ability to repay the loan,
and demand an interest rate according to the risk. For instance,
the Mayor may borrow money (at interest) to purchase equipment to print
Driver Licenses. This debt contract is private between the Mayor
and the creditor, and if the Mayor defaults, then the creditor suffers a
loss. No taxpayer has any obligation to pay the creditor.
The same principles apply for Quasi-Government
Organizations, such as Civic Societies, Dispute Resolutions
Organizations and Accredited Organizations. On the other hand, the Village Council, the Militia Academy, the
Minutemen Order, and the Faculty of
Liberty Scholars are collective institutions, meaning it is very
tempting for those in control of those Institutions to borrow money
because they are not responsible of the debts incurred by their
Institutions. Since those Institutions are permanent, they cannot
go bankrupt, and preventing those Institutions to accumulate debts is
important to protect the community and the taxpayers.

those organizations may go bankrupt, thus creating

because they are allowed to go
bankrupt. For instance, the Mayor or Webmaster may borrow any sum
of money, however he is personally responsible to repay his debts.
In the event he is unable to pay, he may resign from office and file for
bankruptcy. In the process, no innocent taxpayer will be
hurt, someone making loan to the Mayor,
Webmaster or an Accredited Organization undergo a risk if the borrower
is unable to pay.

All bills, invoices and contracts must be in weight of gold, and the
Institution must pay in gold via an official Treasury, so it may be
audited, and the Institutions cannot use paper as a substitute of money.
People selling products and services to the Institution must accept gold
from the Treasury(ies) chosen by the Institution as the method of
payment.

Products and servicesconsumedby
the Institution. This is to prevent some clever rollover of debts by
having phony invoices to purchase a good and selling it to roll over its
debts. For instance, an Institution cannot have an invoice to purchase
Gold (which must be paid later in Gold). Such an invoice would be a
mechanism to finance its debts by purchasing less gold and later giving
more gold when the invoice is due. This rule does not apply if the
Institution is purchasing chocolate bars, calendars or any other good or
service in order to raise funds.

No Citizen may serve more than twice as a Government Officer during his
lifetime. Therefore the maximum limit to serve as a Government Officer is
12 years.

A Government Officer has the freedom to hire people as Government
Employees and contra

A Government Employee is a person working for the Government under
the directions of a Government Officer. Each Government Officer is elected
with a budget and is free to hire employees helping him to perform his
duties. There is no time limit for Government Employees, as long as a
Government Officer is willing to hire him.

Many individuals around the world have suggested "to run the government
like a business". Well, this is how the Government of Village Libre
operates. The Mayor has a binding contract to run the print
office and has the flexibility to contract and/or hire any citizen to get
the job done. If the Mayor completes his mandate, he gets a bonus (20%
of sales), otherwise he declares bankruptcy without bonus! Other
Government Officers also operate a
similar basis: they sign a contract, are responsible of the expenses of
their department, and keep the remaining profits as their salary.

Contracting with a Government Officer

When a new Mayor is elected, all previous contracts with the
Executive Branch (previous Mayor) are null and void. Therefore, the new Mayor does not
inherit any baggage from previous Mayors which may have promised things
outside the scope of their Presidency. It is unfair for the new
Mayor to be forced to obey the promises made by any previous Mayor, or
worse to pay their debts. As a result, every individual and business contracting with the Executive Branch of the Government must understand their contracts are
automatically terminated when a new Mayor takes office, regardless of
the length of the contract promised by the previous Mayor. This
clause gives flexibility to the new Mayor to contract with Citizen he
wishes. It is very likely however the new Mayor will keep most of the
existing staff as it is the employees who knows how to get the job done.
Likewise, the new Mayor is likely to renew contracts with
suppliers from the previous Mayor, however the new Mayor has the
option to organize his team the way he feels would best serve the
population.

Resignation of a Government Officer

A Government Officer may resign at anytime however however must forgo his
Performance Bonus. A Government
Officer may go bankrupt.

(1) The Mayor is directly elected by Citizens residing in Village Libre, every 6
years.(2) Before taking office, the Mayor and Vice-Mayor must
take the following Oath or Affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that
I will faithfully execute this office, honoring and obeying the
Constitution of Village Libre". Please take notice the Mayor cannot
"protect" or "defend" the Constitution; the Constitution is written to
protect citizens against the encroachments of the government.(3) The
Mayor chooses his Vice-Mayor, and he is free to change him at any
time.(4) The Mayor is the head of Village Libre. He has the
responsibility to make sure the government prints documents (passports,
driver licenses, birth certificates, marriage certificates) as requested by
citizens.(5) The Mayor also has the right to negotiate treaties to
make the passport and driver license recognized by other States. All
treaties signed by the Mayor must be approved by a referendum.

The Print Office is the term to designate the place where the
Government Documents are printed.
The Mayor is responsible of running the Print Office and hiring the
necessary staff to print documents to Citizens, Residents and Visitors.

The Passport Office is a sub-department of the
Print Office responsible for printing Passports. It is likely the
Passport Office will be in the same building as the Print Office, however it
may be somewhere else.

Income of the Mayor

The Mayor of Village Libre keeps all the profits from the sales of
Government Documents. The purpose
of this clause is to keep the government small,
reduce corruption, and ensure peace. Since the Mayor keeps the
profits, every expense of the Executive Branch will be perceived by the Mayor as
lowering his salary, thus motivating the Mayor to run his
department in
a cost-effective manner.

Likewise, accepting a bribe will give little benefits to the Mayor
because the bribe implies the Government should give something of greater
value to the corporation or special interests group purchasing influence.
Corporations do not give money to politicians and bureaucrats as charity,
but only to secure a greater income through legislation, or to receive
lucrative government contracts - creating a symbiosis between the government
and special interest groups. After all, it is easy for a politician or
bureaucrat to give away taxpayers' money to a corporation when receiving
generous kickbacks. The other alternative is not giving any profits to
the Mayor. In this scenario, the Mayor has no incentive to
keep costs down. In fact, the Mayor has every incentive to seek
the highest budget and make extra money from bribes and corruption.

Giving away the profits to the Mayor is a cheap insurance to ensure
peace, as the Mayor will have no financial benefit to purchase things
that governments typically buys: weapons, tanks, fighter jets, bombers,
military ships, submarines and so on. Why would the Mayor purchase
a fighter jet with his personal money if he has no guarantee the next
Mayor will purchase anything from him. The reason why most
government purchase a lot of military equipment is because there is a
win-win scenario between the government and the military industrial complex,
of course at the expense of the taxpayer.

To ensure low fees per document, each Mayoral candidate must write a
contract for the document fee schedule. Competition among candidates
will ensure a fair price per document. Once a Mayor is elected, he
is bound to provide documents at the price written in his contract.
The Mayor (or Government) cannot deny documents nor discriminate prices
by giving a discount to a group of individuals.

Selling Government Documents

Most of Government Documents are issued by the Mayor through the Print
Office. The sales of Government Documents is the only income for the Mayor
which is at the head of the Executive Branch.

Bankruptcy of the Mayor

If the cost of production is higher than the sales of documents, the
Mayor may use his personal money to offset the losses, or declare
bankruptcy and resign without bonus. A new Mayor will be elected -
hopefully with better business skills at calculating the costs of printing
documents. The Mayor is forbidden to charge a higher fee per
document than what he promised during his electoral campaign,
however he may lower the fees until the last two years of his term. During
the last two years, the prices
are frozen to prevent a "fire sale", leaving the
next Mayor without any income because everyone purchased their documents
at discount from the previous Mayor. If prices are allowed to drop
anytime, then a Mayor during the electoral campaign could lower the fee
per document to "buy votes" and also for the purpose of financially hurting
the next Mayor. Although two years may appear arbitrary, if a
Mayor wishes to give a discount for the last two years and live with the
consequences of lowering his salary for such a long period of time, then let
it be!

The Gun Registry is maintained by the Gun
Registrar. The purpose of the Gun Registry is to ensure the
following:

A) Ensure those those who own weapons know about gun safety, storage and
have a minimal training on using guns.

A Citizen wishing to own a gun must obtain a Gun Safety Certificate from
the Militia Academy. The purpose of the Militia Academy is teaching gun
safety, how to properly store weapons and how to use them effectively. Only
the Militia Academy may grant a Gun Safety Cerfiticate. To prevent the Militia
Academy to use its power to restrict gun ownership, the Militia Academy is
obligated to grant certificates to at least 90% to those wishing to own
weapons. On very rare occasions, a Militia
Instructor may deny a Citizen a Gun Safety Certificate if the instructor has
evidence the Citizen is mentally unfit to own weapons. Of course the
Citizen may appeal, and a Jury of Citizens owning a Gun Safety Cerfiticate
will arbitrate on the issue.

Once a Citizen is awarded a Gun Safety Cerfiticate, he receives a
hardcopy of his certificate and his name is stored in the Gun Registry
database as someone allowed to purchase weapons.

B) Restrict the sales of weapons only to Citizens who are mentally fit
to own weapons.

The right to keep and bear arms is essential for the preservation of a
free society, however there is a small percentage of the population who
should not own guns. This group includes criminals, individuals who
are mentally ill and/or have serious anger management problems. Once a
Citizen obtained his Gun Safety Certificate, he may request a Gun Voucher
Card from his Civic Society. Each Civic Society has the ultimate
decision regarding which of its Citizens are allowed to own weapons.
Please bear in mind the
Civic Society is also responsible of the actions of its Citizens. If a
Citizen comits a crime using a weapon, then the Civic Society must use its
Restitution Reserve to pay compensation
for damages caused to the victim(s).

A Civic Society authorizes a Citizen for purchasing weapons by updating
the Gun Registry database with a new Gun Voucher Card. The electronic
Gun Voucher Card contains three fields: a unique serial number, the Civic
Society issuing the card and an optional comment regarding any restrictions
on the type of weapons the Citizen is allowed to purchase. For
instance, a Gun Voucher Card may restrict a Citizen to purchase only one
shotgun break-action single barrel. Likewise, a Gun Voucher Card may
deny a Citizen from purchasing automatic weapons. If a Citizen is unhappy
about the decision of his Civic Society, he is welcome to pick another Civic
Society. The Civic Society may also print a physical card so the
Citizen does not have to remember the serial number of his Gun Voucher Card.

When a Citizen is about to purchase a weapon, he must give his serial
number to the current gun owner. The gun owner must login to the Gun
Registry database and record the transfer of a weapon to the owner of serial
number on Gun Voucher Card. The record must include a good quality picture
and a short description of the weapon. The Gun Registrar encrypts the
information and sends it to the Civic Society who issued the Gun Voucher
Card. The Civic Society has the duty to contact the Citizen to acknowledge
the purchase (to prevent an individual to use someone else's serial number) and grant the approval for the transfer of ownership.
If the Citizen wishes to skip being contacted by his Civic Society, he may
choose the option to have his name and picture linked to his Gun Voucher
Card. In this case, the seller will see the name and picture of the
buyer when consulting the database and will have a visual confirmation the
Gun Voucher Card belongs to the buyer.

The seller must wait for confirmation from the Civic Society for
final approval before handling the physical weapon. This process is
necessary in case there are some restrictions on the type of weapons to be
purchased. The confirmation
is likely to be instant, as a Civic Society may pre-approve all purchases
related to a Gun Voucher Card. The approval is made by having the Civic Society
authorizing a payment to the Treasurer to pay the Gun Registrar for a gun
transfer. All those steps may be fully automated and approved within
one second for Citizens having a good relationship with their Civic Society.
To enforce this rule, it is an act of treason for an individual to sell (or
give) a gun without consulting the Gun Registry database.

The Government is forbidden to own weapons, except the Militia
Academy for the sole purpose of teaching gun safety. All weapons and
ammunitions owned by the Militia Academic must be registered and
publicly visible on the Government Website. It is the duty of the
Gun Registrar to maintain an accurate database of pictures, description,
origin and quantity of all weapons and amunitions owned by the Militia
Academy. To ensure transparency, a detailed log of all purchases and
disposal of weapons must also be accessible on the Government Website.

The Government Website plays a vital social role at Village Libre.
Every social institution is listed on the Government Website, including
Civic Societies, Dispute Resolution Organizations, Treasuries, Audit
Information, Election Results as well as all Government Officers and
Employees, and officers of other social institutions.

The Privacy Guard is responsible of keeping the
database of Citizens, Residents and Visitors, safe from unauthorized
access, including protecting the privacy of individuals from the
Mayor, Webmaster and Vote Keeper.

The duty of the Privacy Guard is to protect the privacy of individuals,
which are Citizens, Residents and Visitors. The Privacy Guard plays an
important role in safeguarding private information such as the individual's name, date of birth, gender and picture.
The Privacy Guard is also responsible of taking pictures of new Residents
and the oath or affirmation when the Resident wishes to become a Citizen.

The Privacy Guard has the authority to apply the private information
(such as name and picture) to a template for producing an electronic
document (such as a Visitor Card, Driver License, Passport) to be sent to
the Print Office via the Webmaster. The Webmaster log the entry for
auditing and forward the electronic document to the Print Office which will
issue a physical document, such as a card or booklet.

For instance, when
an individual wishes to become a Resident, he goes to the Privacy Guard to
have his picture taken.

which will take his picture and make a copy of two picture IDs,
such as a foreign Passport or Driver License. Those documents are
stored in a database as a way to keep the identity of individuals.

When an individual wishes to request a Passport, the Civic Society
pays the fee to the Passport Office which returns a Transaction Number to
identify the order. The Transaction Number is then sent (probably via
Web Service) to the Privacy Guard which is responsible to send to the
Passport Office the necessary information to print the passport, which
includes the name, date of birth, and picture of the Citizen. By
having a Government Officer taking the picture rather than having the
picture taken in a shopping mall, we reduce the risk of collusion between
the photographer and individual to purchase a passport with the picture of
another individual which is a form of identity theft. Also, by having
the Privacy Guard responsible of sending the vital information to the
Passport Office reduces the risk of corruption from a Civic Society.
Otherwise it would be too easy for a Civic Society to sell passports to
individuals.

Store the picture (probably in JPEG format) all individuals

Take the picture of the individual to become a Resident.

Record in high-quality videos the oath or affirmation of the
individual

Right to reject the supporting documents, such as the foreign
passport or driver license.

The Citizen Database stores personal information such as the name, date
of birth and picture of every Citizen, Resident and Visitor. It is
called the Citizen Database because we wish to have as many citizens as
possible, and hope our residents and visitors will eventually become
citizens.

The Privacy Guard is responsible of
maintaining this database and disclosing information only on a need to know
basis. For instance, the Print Office
needs the name, date of birth and picture of an individual to produce a
Driver License. When a Civic Society or
Accredited Organization requests a
Driver License on behalf of a Citizen or Resident, the Privacy Guard will
send the personal information to the Print Office so the Driver License may
be produced.

The Vote Keeper is responsible of recording all
online votes
and provide statistics and aggregate results available for the Webmaster
to display them on the Government Website. All online votes are
anonymous to the Vote Keeper, however the Village Council
or the Faculty of Liberty
Scholars request an audit, then the data from the Bookkeepers will
disclose what each Citizen voted.

The Director of Elections is a temporary Government Officer responsible of the integrity of
the democratic process of one election involving paper
ballots, typically a
Mayoral Election or a referendum.
The Director of Elections is also responsible making the public aware of
the upcoming election or referendum, renting offices for the voting
booths, printing the paper
ballots, and training Election Officers working at the voting booths on
the election day.

The Internal Bookkeeper is responsible of storing encrypted data
of all communication between computers of different government
departments / officers
(Mayor, Webmaster, Privacy Guard, Vote Keeper and Director of
Elections) as well as all financial transactions done by the Government. When a server sends a message to another server, both
source and destination servers must send an encrypted copy of the
message to both the Internal Bookkeeper and External Bookkeeper. This
way, the message is encrypted using four different Public-Keys and
stored in a minimum of two different servers controlled by two different
Government Officers.

The External Bookkeeper is a Government Officer having the same
duties as the Internal Bookkeeper, except he does not live in Village
Libre. The duties of both Bookkeepers are simple: release the
encrypted records only when requested the Village Council
or the Grand Jury of Liberty.
The purpose of having two Bookkeepers is reducing the risk of collusion and
corruption between an Bookkeeper and another Government Officer where some
records could conveniently be deleted.
Also, having a backup server also increases the auditing reliability in the
event a server is down due to a hardware failure, server maintenance,
hacking and/or data vandalism.

The Webmaster, Privacy Guard, Vote Keeper, Director of Elections and the
two Bookkeepers are
elected by the Village Council and never
report to the Mayor.

The Chief Domain Registrar is an optional Government Officer
responsible of maintaining a database of a domain names. His role is
very similar to the Chiel Land Registrar, however for the purpose of
creating an independent layer of websites not subject to the whim of foreign
governments.

A Domain Registrar is any
Accredited Organization meeting the
criterias set by the Chief Domain
Registrar to access the database of domain names. Only a Domain
Registrar may add, delete and transfer domain names, and if the Domain
Registrar acts in bad faith or commits fraud, then its
Restitution Reserve will be used to
cover the costs.

Domain Speculation

Since the total number of domain names is finite, we want to give
everyone a fair chance to own a domain name. Since the purpose of the
Chief Land Registrar is prividing ultra-low cost domain names, the incentive
for an individual to purchase many domain names for the purpose of reselling
them at profit increases as the cost of having domain names decreases.
For this reason, individuals and businesses may hold a maximum of 10 unused
domains. Any generic website or parked domain is considered unused.
If an individual or business is found having more than 10 unused domains, he
will lose all its unused domains without compensation. To enforce this
rule, the Chief Domain Registrar has the duty to list on the Government
Website any entity owning more than 10 domain names. This way, the
population may consult the database to determine which entity is attempting
to speculate on domains. The names of the domain owners are kept
secret by the Privacy Guard, however if a formal request is made regarding a
dispute for a domain name, then the owners have the responsibility to appear
before a
Dispute Resolution
Organization to settle the dispute. Failure to do so will
result in the loss of the domain name, and perhaps all unused domain names.

Eliminate Spam

Eliminating spam (unsolicited email message) have been on the "todo" list
for decades, we believe the solution to combat spam will come from proper
registration of domain names along with a mechanism of authentication before
sending messages. For instance, the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
allows any individual to send a message "from" an email address he does not
own. With the current email protocol, I could pretend a
domain he does not own.
protocol which At the moment, it is very easy for an individual to is
no connection from

Worse of all, there is no built-in encryption in SMTP, so any node on the
network may read the message and/or collect email addresses and spam others.

By the way, the elimination of spam and/or the encryption of mail
messages may be addressed by any Government Officer, such as the Webmaster
or the Privacy Guard. It is not an act of Treason for a Government
Officer to address the problem of spam and secure email messaging, without
the presence of a Chief Domain Registrar.

If the protocol is successful, then a Civic Consensus may. If
adopted, it must be open source. Better, to work with the open-source
community to develop a spam-free secure messaging system.

Elections and Referendums

Every Government Officer must be elected according to the rules of
elections. A Citizen and may serve a maximum of two (2) terms during his
lifetime, each having a maximum of six (6) years. Therefore no Citizen
may serve as a Government Officer more than twelve (12) years.

The Mayor is elected by a general election from Citizens directly casting
their votes on Paper Ballots or by
Voting Online. Since the Mayor may be
considered the head of Village Libre and representing the people, then every
Citizen-Residing-Taxpayer in good standing may vote to elect the Mayor.

Mayoral Candidate

To participate on the ballot, the Mayoral Candidate must have been
residing in Village Libre during the previous election cycle. This
provision is to avoid having someone just becoming a Citizen, not aware of
any culture, and become Mayor because of his oral skills, yet nobody
knows him. There are a lot of people dreaming to become Mayor, and
the last thing we want is having people becoming Citizens of Village Libre
with the goal of being elected as Mayor.

If there are more Mayoral Candidates than may fit on the paper
ballot, then the Candidates with the most nominations are listed.
Nominations are obtained by getting signatures from Citizens. A
Citizen may nominate only one Candidate.

The Chief Land Registrar is elected solely from
Land Registrars, each
having a weighted vote of the square root of how much they paid in
Man-Hours
during the past 12 calendar months. This way, the Land Registrars who
spent the most have a bit more to say regarding the election of the Chief
Land Registrar. Citizens not owning land, or renting land, have no
standing in deciding who will become the Chief Land Registrar.
Citizens who are landowners may directly vote for the Chief Lang Registrar
provided the Land Registrar wishes to consult with them. It is up to
the Citizen to decide which Land Registrar he wishes to do business, and
establish a contract with the Land Registrar for voting directly to elect
the Chief Land Registrar. Land Registrars cast their votes online to
elect the Chief Land Registrar.

The other Government Officers are elected by
the Village Council (the
Civic Societies_
through online voting. Citizens may vote for any Government Officer,
and the remaining votes are left to the President of each Civic Society
to cast votes on behalf of their Citizens who have not voted. This
way, if a Citizen abstain from voting because lack of time to learn about
the Candidates, the President of his Civic Society will vote on his
behalf, unless he abstains from voting. For instance, one Candidate
for the position of Webmaster may submit a contract to develop an interface
to automate the ordering of Government Documents, or implement a feedback
system to rate the performance of the Dispute Resolution Organizations.

does not vote because they do not have the time to learn about the
Candidates, the President of the Civic Society may vote on their behalf.
The Government Officers, such as the Webmaster, Privacy Guard and Vote
Keeper, are responsible of administrating servers and maintaining software.
Such technical positions require good knowledge from the voter to make a
sound decision, and the cheapest bid may not be the best Candidate to vote.

Electoral Seats

The purpose of having Electoral Seats instead of a popular vote is
preventing large Civic Societies
to take control of the government by electing their favorite government
officers. The allocation of Electoral Seats is
designed to give a voice to small Civic Societies, however keeping in
mind a larger Civic Society should have more weight in the decision
making than a smaller one. The rationale behind the Electoral Seats formula is
to ensure fair elections by preventing the largest Civic Societies to
collude and use their Citizen count to elect Government Officers without
considering the needs of smaller Civic Societies. We do not
want a plutocracy of wealthy large Civic Societies controlling the
Government.

The Electoral Seats is the weight, or number of votes (or seats), the
Civic Society has for electing the Webmaster, Privacy Guard, Vote Keeper, Director of Elections
and the Bookkeepers. As a result, the Electoral Seats is a mathematical formula in relation to
the number of Citizens.

No overhang seats.

Seats = sqrt(Citizens)

In plain English, the number of seats is the square root of the number of
Citizens paying taxes. For example, a Civic Society having 25 Citizens has
5 seats while a
Civic Society
having 100 Citizens has 10 seats.

Below is a table showing the Electoral Seats from the number of Citizens of
the Civic Society:

The Webmaster is elected in a slightly different way than other
Government Officers:
two thirds of the votes come from Civic Societies
and one third of the votes come from
Accredited Organizations. Since
Accredited Organizations pay fees to
be listed Government Website, they have voice regarding the election of the
Webmaster. After all, it is likely the fees paid by Accredited
Organizations be sufficient for the salary and expenses of the Webmaster.

Each Accredited Organization has
Electoral Seats (votes) according to the square root of the quantity of gold
paid to the webmaster during the past 50 weeks prior the election.
Therefore, the organizations paying more fees have more votes with respect
to other organizations.

The Privacy Guard is elected by the Civic Societies according to the
number of Electoral Seats. Each Civic Society submits how many votes
for each candidate, and the candidate accumulating the most votes becomes
the Privacy Guard. For instance, a Civic Society of 25 Citizens may
have 2 votes for Candidate A, 2.5 votes for Candidate B, 0.45 votes for
Candidate C and 0.05 votes for Candidate D.

Election of the Director of Elections

Internal Bookkeeper

content. also encrypt the message using Public-Key
Cryptography and sent a copy of the encrypted record to the Bookkeepers.
Likewise, the server receiving the message must encrypt

such as a Citizen voting for a Treaty,

All database records are encrypted by the database is
encrypted using a Public-Key Cryptography and only a Civic Society
may decrypt its content.

External Bookkeeper.

External Bookkeeper

Must past the Citizenship test.

Both officers are elected by the Village Council

Election of the Chief Domain Registrar

The election of the Chief Domain Registrar
(if any) is done the same way as the Chief Land Registrar, that is, only the
Accredited Organizations who purchased domain names are allowed to vote for
the Chief Domain Registrar.

A referendum is required to change any parameter of the Constitution,
sign any Treaty with a foreign nation, or to recall the Mayor. For
any referendum to become valid, three-fourth of the Citizens and
three-fourth of the Civic Societies must vote in favor of the referendum.
Abstention from voting is equivalent to a no vote.

Concurrent majority is required as a safeguard against the
tyranny of the majority, where large Civic Societies may collude for a
Treaty or attempt change the Constitution to their benefits at the expense of
smaller Civic Societies. Without concurrent majority, small Civic
Societies may vote themselves policies at the expense of large Civic Societies, thus defeating the majority rule. Concurrent majority is
like having a House of Representative and a Senate, where each
Citizen is like a Congressman represents himself, and each Civic
Society votes like a Senator representing its State.

Although Civic Societies have unanimous consent of the governed,
the voting result of each Civic Society is the aggregate result of its Citizen
votes. At a Referendum, the
president of the Civic Society cannot vote on behalf of his Citizens; he
may only vote for himself. This is to prevent betrayal, collusion or
corruption from presidents of Civic Societies by voting for something
that do not reflect the will of their citizens.

A Citizen may vote online from his account on the
Government Website, or using a paper
ballot. To receive a paper ballot, the Citizen must show a proof of
Citizenship such as a
Citizenship Card or a Passport. On the ballot, a sticker is written with the code of his
Civic Society, so each vote may be counted towards their respective Civic
Society. For a Civic Society to "vote yes", three-fourth of its
citizens must explicitly vote yes. Again, abstention from voting is
the equivalent of a no vote. If people are too lazy to vote, then it
means the Referendum is not that important.

Net Votes & Absolute Net Majority

The term Net Votes is the total number (or percentage) of Citizens
voting in favor of a proposition minus those opposing it. For instance, if
76% of all Citizens favor the construction of a fence around Village Libre,
however 11% of Citizens oppose, then the Net Votes is 65%.

The Absolute Net Majority requires a Net Vote greater than 50%.
The concept of Net Votes is an important provision to prevent controversial
proposals, such as 51% of Citizens voting in favor while 49% fiercely
opposing it, to be approved as it would be the case under strict democracy.
If more than 25% of the Citizens oppose a proposal, it means the proposal is
bad and does not met the requirement of Absolute Net Majority even if 75% of
the other Citizens are in favor. Also, if more than 50% of Citizens do
not vote, then the Absolute Net Majority is not met.

Negative Votes

Referendums with
Paper Ballots

The Civic Societies vote on the Director of Elections which
has the responsibility with
organization will be responsible to carry the elections.

Paper ballot is an absolute right to maintain the integrity of the
democratic process and keep the vote anonymous. The
Paper ballot must display a small picture (minimum 2.5 cm by 2.5 cm) of the
Candidate as well as his name, so people who are not good with names may
recognize the face for voting.

Prevent cooping.

Nomination on Paper Ballots

Counting of Paper Ballots

It's not the people who vote that count. It's the people
who count the votes.-- Josef Stalin

Due to massive vote fraud worldwide, including in modern societies such as
United States of America and Canada, this Constitution outlines the rules
for counting the paper ballots.

Ballot Boxes must be clear.

Transparent ballot boxes may be used in order for people to be able
to witness that the box is empty prior to the start of the election

Reporters and representative for each candidate must have full
access

Before the counting starts, every representative must sign to
acknowledge the integrity of the paper ballots in the election process.
This is to ensure there is no ballot stuffing. Most election systems
match the number of persons showing up to vote with the number of
ballots cast, and/or preparing the forms so that they are difficult to
fake

There must be cameras with a live feed

Tally is the official result. It is an insult to the democratic
process to have unknown people picking up the ballot box and
transporting the
ballots to an unknown location where unknown people "count" them to give
the "official" election result. The staff at the polling station
shall be pre-qualified to have enough IQ for counting votes. A
typical 10 year old child is capable to count, so it should not be a
problem to find a few individuals within the society capable to count
paper ballots. No need for an overlord to count the votes.
It is much better to have corruption in one poll station, than having
corruption in the entire country.

hand counted.

This is because hand counted votes on paper ballots can be transparent
and verifiable. Bi-partisan election judges control voting and vote
counting in precinct polling locations. Unaccountable vendors
and government staffers control voting and vote counting for unsolicited
mail ballot elections. Voting in person insures that eligible voters are
not turned away from the polls; they place their own anonymous ballot into
the ballot box to be counted; and ineligible voters might be caught if they
attempt to cast a ballot at the polls. Voting by unsolicited mail or
absentee ballot, even if the ballots are delivered by hand, frequently
causes voters to lose their vote; requires voters to trust in luck that
their ballot will get delivered on time (if submitted by mail) and actually
gets into the ballot box (even if delivered by hand); and allows ineligible
people to safely vote other people's ballots knowing that they cannot be
caught.

Online voting is conducted in such a way that all votes are anonymous,
unless an audit is conducted. If an audit is performed, then the
Bookkeepers will release the necessary information to link each casted vote
to an account from the Citizen Database.
As a result, Citizens wishing to remain completely anonymous, even in the
event of an audit, must cast their votes on paper
ballots. Having the option to audit online voting is vital to deter vote
fraud and corruption. Hand-counted votes on paper ballots is
transparent and verifiable, however anonymous online is unverifiable, as any
corrupted officer or hacker may modify the database recording the votes and
change the outcome of an election.

Proponents for voter anonymity wish to prevent vote selling or voter
intimidation. Our system of paper ballots and online voting prevents
both, as a voter cannot prove he voted for a candidate, unless there is an
audit. Only the Village Council
or the Faculty of Liberty
Scholars may request an audit, and a
Grand Jury of Liberty Scholars
may grant the audit, which demands the Bookkeepers to release the encrypted
records to the Civic Societies to decrypt them, so the audit committee may
use the Citizen Database and Voting Database to link each vote to a Citizen.
It is quite difficult for an ordinary Citizen to prove he voted for a
candidate.

In most cases, only Citizens in good standing are allowed to vote,
however there may be cases where Residents and Visitors allowed to vote on
certain issues. For instance, an
Accredited Organization may use online voting to elect its president,
and all members, which includes Residents and Visitors are allowed to vote.

Unlike Paper Ballots or
Online Voting, Voting Machines delete all
evidence of the election process. Those machines cannot be audited,
meaning any hardware malfunction, software bug, or any tampering may change
the election outcome. Since there are no physical paper records that
can be recounted, there are no ways to know what people actually voted using
such machines. Trusting the corporation(s) who built
those machines, or trusting the individuals who purchased them, or the staff
collecting election results from those machines opens a wide door for
corruption.

Advocates for Voting Machine argue that there is a significant cost for
printing paper ballots. Our answer is the following: the goal is not
saving money; it is having a reliable mechanism for counting votes. If a
society cannot afford printing one paper ballot per citizen for an election
which occurs only once every 6 years, then we could beg producers of junk mail
to stop for one day, so we could spare paper worth a century of elections.
Besides, those machines are super expensive: a typical Voting Machine
cost several times the price of a high-end computer fully loaded with
state-of-the-art components.

As a result, those expensive piece of junk are prohibited at Village Libre.
The case for Voting Machines is not open to debate. Period.
Anyone promoting such nasty machines will receive a
Treason Warning. If the Director of
Elections is offered an "opportunity" to purchase or promote Voting
Machines, then he has to report the offender to the Village Council
otherwise he will have his Citizenship revoked.

If a fraud is discovered, or an "irregularity" is discovered, then either
the Director of Elections, or the Vote Keeper, or both, will lose their
Performance Bonus. If it can be proven an act of Treason was
committed, then they will lose their Loyalty Bonus and receive a Treason
Warning.

In the case of electoral fraud, the election must be remade within 15
days on Paper Ballots only.

The Village Council has the authority to establish a Militia Academy for
training the Militia. The Militia Academy and Militia cannot be funded
by any taxes; only voluntary donations from willing sponsors are allowed.
The Militia Academy

Minutemen are distinguished Militia members who have demonstrated a high
level of integrity and intelligence. They are typically the
instructors at the Militia Academy and also the civilian first line of
defense.

he guardians of peace and justice in the Village. mediate peace
negotiations

Minutemen are the equivalent of the Jedi Knights in the Star Wars
universe.

individuals who demonstrated. High integrity. Skilled
verbally to resolve disputes without the use of force.

The Government is forbidden to have any standing army and/or control any
military action. Again, it is the
responsibility of individuals to provide for their own security and
protection. Civic Societies are likely to make reciprocity
agreement to defend each other in case of a foreign invasion. In the
last resort, people are capable to defend themselves. It is foolish
to suppose that men are so stupid that they need rhetoric from ever-changing politicians
and
red tape from bureaucrats coercing them how to organize and tell them what
to do, however the same men have the wisdom elect the "right" liar politician
as commander-in-chief to conscript
enslave them in the military, yet the very same individuals are incapable to organize to defend themselves effectively under freedom.
If collectivism has proved itself inefficient, wasteful, and dangerous in
such areas as transportation and medicine, surely the worst place of all to
have collectivism is in the vital area of defense against foreign
aggression. The freer people are, the more efficiently they will perform.
This being true, a free-market system of defense against foreign aggression
can be expected to be very effective, in contrast to a governmental system
of comparable size, resources, and maturity.

Since the development and maintenance of modern weaponry is quite
expensive, all but the largest Civic Societies (or insurance companies)
would probably pool their efforts and resources under competitive pressure
to provide the best possible protection at the lowest cost. For the same
reasons of efficiency, they would tend to purchase all their foreign
aggression defense needs from a few outstanding companies which could
cooperate closely with each other. Competition between the defense companies
to get such profitable business would foster the development of the most
powerful and efficient defense system rationally warranted. Technological
innovations which are at present unforeseeable would constantly upgrade its
safety and effectiveness. No governmental system, with its miles of
red tape and built-in politicking, pork-barreling, wire-pulling,
featherbedding, and
power-grabbing could even remotely approximate the potency and efficiency
naturally generated by the free-market forces (which are always moving to
meet demand).

Those who doubt that "the private sector" of the economy could sustain
the expense of a free enterprise defense system would do well to consider
two facts. First, "the public sector" gets its money from the same source as
does "the private sector" - the wealth produced by individuals. The
difference is that "the public sector" takes this wealth by force (which is
legal robbery) - but it does not thereby have access to a larger pool of
resources. On the contrary, by draining the economy by taxation and hobbling
it with restrictions, the government actually diminishes the total supply of
available resources. Second, government, because of what it is, makes
defense far more expensive than it ought to be. The gross inefficiency and
waste common to a coercive monopoly, which gathers its revenues by force and
fears no competition, skyrocket costs.

The more totalitarian a country, the more its citizens must be motivated,
not by the incentive of expected rewards (the profit motive), but by fear.
Without freedom to enjoy the rewards of his productivity, a man has no
incentive to produce except his fear of a government gun. But a threat will
evoke only that minimum performance necessary to avoid thethreatened
harm, and that only insofar as the threatener is constantly watching. Even
more crippling is the fact that threats don't produce innovative ideas. A
man's mind can only belong to him; he is the one person who can order that
mind to produce ideas. Fear is paralyzing; if a threat is strong enough to
motivate a man to try to produce an innovative idea, it will usually
generate too much fear for him to think clearly. This is why dictatorships
find it necessary to permit their scientists and other intellectuals a
special privileged status with extra liberties and incentives. They must do
this, even though it is extremely dangerous to a tyranny to harbor
intellectuals who are free to think and express even mild condemnation of
their rulers. Tyranny by itself is impotent because looters don't produce
and producers can't produce unless they're free to do so.

In a free-market defense system, the size of the armies and the
expenditures for armaments would be automatically regulated according to the
need for them. Consumers would buy more insurance when aggression
threatened, and less when the tensions eased. No army could grow
beyond what the market would support; and the market would never support an
army larger than was actually necessary for defense, because force is a non
productive expenditure of energy. This automatic responsiveness of arms to
world situation would avoid the economic drain of maintaining standing
armies larger than necessary, yet still allow for quick increase in arms
when needed, thus leaving more resources for defense when needed.

Governments don't really defend their citizen-subjects at all. Instead,
they provoke wars, and then they force the citizens to sacrifice their
money, their freedom, and often their lives to defend the government. Such
"defense" is worse than no defense at all!

A free-market defense system would also make it very difficult for an
attacker to obtain a surrender. Just as a laissez-faire society would have
no government to start a war, it would have no government to capitulate. The
defenders would fight as long, and only as long, as they believed was in
their self-interest. Even the insurance companies and defense agencies
couldn't negotiate a surrender, because their agreements could bind no one
but the persons who actually signed them. It is interesting to speculate on
what an aggressive foreign nation would do if confronted with such a
situation.

For more details, please read the chapter Foreign Aggression (starting at
page 126) from the book
The Market for Liberty written by Morris and Linda Tannehill.
If you wish a treatise on the topic, feel free to read the magnum opus book
The Myth of National Defense written by Hans-Hermann Hoppe.

The Government of Village Libre is forbidden to declare war to any
country, state, or group of individuals. If people at Village Libre
feel victim of a foreign invasion, they will defend themselves without
waiting for
the Government to make an official war declaration towards the invaders.

Some individuals believe they have the moral responsibility to spread
democracy around the world. There are the of course the warmongers,
who are typically chicken-hawks having no shame drafting enslaving others
to fight their political war using money
collected at gunpoint from the taxpayers. Most of those warmongers are
profiteers of war, either paid by the Elite having lucrative contracts financing the war
(and
collecting interest on those loans of fiat money), or by
providing military equipment sold
at an exorbitant price, sometimes to governments on both sides of the war.

There are other individuals who truly believe in democracy and willing to
risk their lives to protect their country. We salute you! If you
are among such individuals, please consider being personally involved
by sponsoring a family from a war-torn region. As a Resident or
Citizen, you have the power to sponsor individuals to immigrate at Village
Libre. Instead of attempting to spread democracy at gunpoint, give
people an opportunity to vote with their feet, so the victims of a war-torn
region may find a new home at Village Libre. Teaching freedom by
concrete humanitarian actions has much greater success than killing innocent
civilians, torturing insurgents, or getting yourself killed. Those families deciding to
immigrate to Village Libre will learn about genuine freedom and will teach
their relatives about solutions to bring peace. Some
Civic Societies and
Accredited Organizations will specialize in
sponsoring refugees which you are free to join and/or give your financial
support.

There are no "Police Officers" at Village Libre. It is the
responsibility of individuals to provide for their own security and
protection. An individual may hire a private security guard, or sign a
contract with a Civic Society (or a private security firm) to protect
his family and property. It is very likely Civic Societies will
offer many protection services, including protection against assault, rape,
kidnapping, theft, vandalism and natural hazards. Civic Societies
are likely to offer compensation for the loss or damage of property, similar
as insurance companies give money to their customers who are victim of theft or
fire.

At Village Libre, private security personnel do not enjoy special
privileges of limited liability persons, that is, the privilege of
bullying and assaulting people while getting away with it, as police officers do.
Not every police officer is violent, as there are good police officers in
every country, however police brutality remains a worldwide problem.
At Village Libre, any
hired security officer is responsible and accountable for his actions. He
has no more power than what was delegated by the individual hiring him.

The purpose of having a Border Agent is to prevent unwanted individuals
roaming in Village Libre. Border Agents must receive basic training
and be certified by the Village Council. Civic Societies
and Accredited Organizations are free
to hire any certified Border Agent and a Border Agent may be hired by
several organizations simultaneously. The compensation of the Border Agent
is any mutual agreement between him and a Civic Society or Accredited
Organization.

Border Protection

Village Libre may be considered as a large gated community where one has
to be "invited" in order to get in. The invitation must come from a Civic Society
or an
Accredited Organizationin good standing willing to sponsor the
individual as a Visitor. Later, the Visitor may become a Resident and
a Citizen.

The protection of the boundary of Village Libre is the responsibility of
the Village Council. The Village
Council has the authority to determine the number of Border Agents necessary
to verify the identity of people getting inside Village Libre.

Although people are responsible of their own security and protection, the
border is the first line of defense against criminals wishing to enter (and
exit) Village Libre. If necessary, the Village Council may solicit
bids to build a fence around the territory. The type of fence is
decided by a referendum asking the Citizens which type of fence they approve
and willing to fund. When a Citizen approves a contract (type of
fence), he is also approving its cost. Economics will determine the
optimal border security. Some individuals may dislike the idea of
living within walls, and would prefer the border to be an open space with a
few Border Agents on the side of the road checking IDs at the entry of
Village Libre. Each land owner is free to build a fence (or wall)
around his land. If crime is a problem, it may be cheaper and more
effective to build a fence (or wall) around the entire Village than having
each fence (or wall) around each building.

To build aThe Vote Keeper has the duty to conduct an onli

Absolute Net Majority

and a levy will be immediately levied on Civic Societies on a
per capita basis.

Anyone wishing to cross the border without being sponsored by a
Civic Society in good standing must pay
the full price of a Passport as a fine, and have his picture and fingerprint
taken to be digitized and stored in the Citizen Database. The fine paid by the
individual goes into the General Fund. The
purpose of this clause is to urge people to find a sponsor, and most
importantly, make ostracism powerful and effective, without having jails at
the border to incarcerate individuals without proper documentation. We want
our borders to be as open as possible, and never deny entry to anyone, even
to individuals without any document. Of course, the Border Agent has
the authority to call a special unit to investigate a strange individual,
especially if dangerous material such as explosives or chemicals, have been
detected.

No need to take fingerprints for those showing a valid ID.
The purpose of taking fingerprints is to allow entry to individuals having
no documents, and by the same token, have a reliable method to catch
criminals. Village Libre is not a sanctuary for criminals, it is
likely a Fingerprint Treaty will be signed with neighbor nations to share
collected fingerprint. Those fingerprints would be sent anonymously
(without any name or picture), so if a country claims the individual
matching such fingerprints is a criminal, then he will have a fair trial at
Village Libre. The criminals pretending having no ID will not escape
their fate by entering into Village Libre.

It is likely Civic Societies will train their Border Agent to grant
instant Visitor status to any tourist showing a valid ID from a respected
country. As a result, the duty to provide a Border Agent may no longer be
considered as an expense, but an opportunity to recruit new members for the
Civic Society. It is also likely businesses will be happy to
sponsor tourists. For instance, a car rental company may offer a free
Visitor Card to anyone renting a car for more than 3 days.

A citizen discovering his Civic Society is not in good standing, may
decide to change Civic Society right at the border. On the
Government Website, changing Civic Society is as simple as a few mouse
clicks, provided, of course, the new Civic Society is willing to accept
you as a customer. It is likely Civic Societies will compete to
attract customers, similar as credit card and telephone companies want good
customers. An individual who has been ostracized by all Civic Societies
will discover it becomes quite expensive to leave and return to Village
Libre, thus compelling him to behave properly.

Since Civic Societies have the authority to issue their own
Visitor Cards, a machine at the border could produce the card within
minutes.

An individual forgetting his Citizen, Resident or Visitor card shall not
have his fingerprint taken. The Border Agent has the duty to call
his Civic Society which will confirm his identity.

Individuals living at Village Libre cannot sell weapons to non-citizens.
This restrictions on exports is to prevent weapons to be sold to visitors
and later resold to people having questionable ethics regarding their use of
guns. By keeping weapons within our village, we prevent thieves,
murders, terrorists and other governments to purchase weapons manufactured
in Village Libre.

At Village Libre, we want immigration to be safe and efficient. To
accomplish this, immigration and citizenship is carried by any
Civic Society
(in good standing)
willing to sponsor
Visitors, Residents and Citizens. Competition among Civic Societies will ensure the process is safe because each
Civic Society is
responsible of the action of its members. Competition will guarantee a
speedy procedure, otherwise people will pick another Civic Society
offering a better and faster service to sponsor immigrants.

When an individual wishes to visit
Village Libre, he must find a Civic Society
in good standing willing to sponsor him as a Visitor. The easiest
way for obtaining a Visitor status is contacting a Resident or Citizen
asking his Civic Society to sponsor a Visitor. Sponsoring
an Visitor is as simple as uploading a picture and entering the Visitor name
to the Citizen Database. Since the Civic Society is
responsible of the actions of the Visitor, the Civic Society may require
additional documents about the Visitor. A Resident or Citizen having a
good reputation of sponsoring Visitors may have all his requests instantly
approved by his Civic Society. The Visitor may have his Visitor
Card issued (printed) at the moment he arrives at the border.

Everyone has the right to exit Village Libre without paying any fee.
Free exit is analogous to having the right to leave a store, where the store
owner has no right to keep you inside coercing you to purchase his
product. On the other hand, free exit does not mean the right to leave
if suspected of theft. Likewise, the Border Agent has the right
and duty to
stop and inspect an individual and his belongings upon probable cause of theft.

Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his
own, and to return to his country.-- Article 13(2), Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.

The Mayor has the authority to negotiate treaties with other nations.
All treaties must be visible on the Government Website so everyone may read
them.

Example of hypothetical treaties:

Water Treaty. A river is shared by another nation and Village
Libre. To avoid disputes regarding which nation is polluting the
water, an independent team is selected to periodically monitor the
quality of water at the entrance and exit of Village Libre. All
reports of the water analysis are published on the Government Website so
everyone may read them. Any identifiable polluter at Village Libre
will have to bear the cost of damaging the property of others and
installing the necessary device to stop polluting.

Driving Treaty. This treaty would legally bind Residents and
Citizens of Village Libre to pay fines for traffic violations with the
nation having signed the treaty. The Traffic Violations would be
listed in the Treaty, and the corresponding fine or action. For
instance, drunk driving may not only involve a hefty fine, but revoking
the Driver License. Of course, the treaty would have a provision for
neutral arbitration in case there is a dispute over the violation.
Parking illegally is also a violation of property, and likely to be part
of the Treaty, providing the parking rules are clear. In the
Treaty, if the individual is found guilty and refuses to pay, then his
Civic Society must pay on his behalf.

Road Maintenance Treaty. A big highway between Village Libre
and another city may require the cooperation of both parties for its
maintenance. Since the road is on a foreign territory to Village
Libre, a treaty may be signed to agree on maintenance costs and perhaps
tolls.

Child Support Treaty. An

It is likely individual Civic Societies will have a
provision for this.

For a treaty to become valid, a Referendum must
be held, where three-fourths of the resident Citizens vote in favor of the
treaty, and three-fourths of the Civic Societies vote in favor of
the treaty. It is important to have 75% of the votes from both the
Citizens and Civic Societies, to prevent a large Civic Society
having a lot of Citizens to impose a treaty on others, or have several small
Civic Societies voting for a treaty against a large Civic Society.

Every treaty must have an exit clause, otherwise the treaty is not valid.

A treaty is automatically terminated when the absolute majority of the
Citizens opt-out from the treaty. The Government Website must display
a list of all treaties, and a mechanism (such as a checkbox) for each
Citizen to individually opt-out from any treaty. The Government
Website must also display the percentage of opt-out for each treaty, grouped
by Civic Society. Such statistic is important to identify groups
who dislike the treaty so persuasive actions may be taken to demonstrate
benefits of the treaty.

In all cases, the privacy of individuals opting out of a treaty must be
respected, and no group may use force or the threat of using force towards
people opting out of a treaty.

Treaty Fees

If a treaty involves any fee, the fees are paid by the Civic Societies directly to the agency of the treaty.

For instance, a Water Treaty, each Civic Society would send
their "share" of funds directly to the team responsible to monitor the
quality of water.

Examples of Treaties

Driver License

Fingerprint

Civic Consensus

A Government Document is the generic term referring to a document issued
by the Government of Village Libre. Typical Government Documents are
Passports, Driver Licenses, Certificates and Diplomas. More than one entity
is authorized to issue a Government Document.

The following table describe which organization may order Government
Documents. For instance, a Passport may be ordered only by a
Civic Society in good standing. An Academic
Certificate may be ordered only by an
Accredited Organization in good standing. The Militia Academy may order a Militia
Volunteer Certificate, however the payment must come from the Civic Society of the Citizen receiving the certificate, and an Officer from this
Civic Society must sign the certificate to acknowledge the individual is
fit to earn this title. A Jury Volunteer Certificate may be ordered by
a Civic Society, an Accredited Organization or by the Faculty of Liberty
Scholars.

Government Document

Civic Society

Accredited Organization

Government Institution

Non-Government Document Allowed?

Work-for-Food Visa

Yes

Yes * (7 days max)

Visitor Card

Yes

Yes

Yes * (30 days max)

Resident Card

Yes

Citizen Card

Yes

Passport

Yes

Birth Certificate

Yes

Yes ** (medical only)

Marriage Certificate

Yes

Yes

Driver License (Local)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Driver License

Yes

Yes

Driver License (International)

Yes

Yes

Academic Certificate

Yes

Yes

Professional Certification

Yes

Yes

Diploma

Yes

Yes

Land Title

Yes *** (only by a Land Registrar)

Gun Safety Certificate

Militia Academy

Gun Voucher Card

Yes

Yes (only by a Civic Society)

Jury Volunteer Certificate

Yes

Yes

Faculty of Liberty Scholars

Liberty Scholar Diploma

Payment + Signature

Faculty of Liberty Scholars

Border Agent Certificate

Payment + Signature

Militia Academy

Militia Instructor Diploma

Payment + Signature

Militia Academy

Militia Volunteer Certificate

Payment + Signature

Militia Academy

Minuteman Diploma

Payment + Signature

Minutemen Order

* Civic Societies and Accredited Organizations may print their
own Visitor Cards, however the validity of those cards is limited to 30 days,
compared to 6 years for a Visitor Card issued by the Government.**
An Accredited Organization may order a Birth Certificate from the Government
only if 3 (or more) Civic Societies recognize this organization for
having professionals assisting mothers giving birth. Accredited
Organizations not involved in the medical field are prohibited to order
Birth Certificates.*** Only a Land Registrar (which is an Accredited
Organization specializing in land registration) may order a Land Title which
is a certificate of land ownership.

No organization may order a Government Document if not in good standing.
The same rule applies to Government
Institutions which are required to maintain the minimum capital as
Restitution Reserve to remain in good standing.

Document Price Limit

The purpose of having a price limit is to guarantee every Government
Document remains affordable for the average individual, including students,
employees working at retail store or a fast-food restaurant. One may
ask, why would people elect a Mayor promising expensive documents, such
as Passports and Driver License. Well, history shows there are plenty
of cases where individuals decide to form a cartel, and prefer to restrict
the supply of a commodity in order to profit from it.

Risk of bullying and ostracism is possible. A cartel or
monopoly is not a product of the free market, but the effect of Government
restrictions. Even a small Government like Village Libre may create a
cartel. Some individuals will look for holes and creative ways to
exploit others. It is better to be safe than sorry.

Licensing benefits professional cartels. It does not benefit consumers.

Taxi license, milk production, ban import on slavery, prevent
outsourcing, business licenses, permits. It has nothing to do to
enhance safety or quality of product or service. Once the cartel is
established, people use propaganda to justify As long as prices are
going up, the restriction appear to be an "investment", often quite
profitable. The members of the cartel greatly benefit for it and will
voluntary vote to tighten the cartel. Such "investment" does not
produce anything. In fact, it reduces the production of good of
services, not only in the industry, but in other sectors. The money
and time add extra costs of bureaucracy. Billions of dollars are
locked in "papers" (permits) which produce no value to society.

There is always a risk the population could vote to have very high prices
for a Driver License or a Passport in order to establish a cartel, or an
elite of Citizen. Of course, the Mayor collecting the fees would
not object receiving more money, and would cheer at such an idea, eventually
establishing a "logical" reason why such high prices are important to
"protect" jobs and/or maintain national security. There are always
intellectuals willing to go in bed with the Government in exchange for
money, prestige and power. Those intellectuals would devise a theory
why such cartel is good. We know it is not true, however in order to
avoid such scenario, it is better to have a price limit written in the
Constitution. Therefore there will be no debate on the issue.
People wishing to pay more for Government Document will have to live with
cheaper prices!

Passport

A passport is a document, issued by a national government, which
certifies, for the purpose of international travel, the identity and
nationality of its holder.

The purpose of a passport is to show other nations that you are a legal
citizen of your particular nation of origin.

The Passport of Village Libre is unique, as it offers the best identity
in the world as well as an insurance world wide.

a liability

One could live his entire life at Village Libre without purchasing a
Passport from the Government. He is free to use a passport issued by
another Government when traveling abroad, however those who wish to purchase
a Passport from the Government of Village Libre, will get a quality
document. A travel document that inspire respect.

Acertificate
of identity,
sometimes called analien's
passport,
is a travel
documentissued
by states tostateless
personsresiding
within their borders and foreign nationals who are unable to obtain a
passport from their state of nationality

The only entity allowed to print passports is the Government of Village
Libre.

The Civic Society sponsoring a Citizen must pay to the
Government the fee to print the passport and supply the require All
passports must be sold at the same price and have the same format, and only
to Citizens living within the territory.

Passport Requirements and Procedures

The individual must be a Citizen, which means he must have been
spending 180 of their "night" sleep time during the last year. We
use nights of sleep because the place people sleep is usually their home
where they live. If a foreigner found work within Village Libre
and returns home outside Village Libre, then he is not a resident.
Likewise, an individual working the night shift outside Village Libre,
however sleeping in Village Libre is a resident.

Maintaining citizenship for 180 consecutive days, meaning be with a
Civic Society in good standing. The individuals has the right
to change anytime

Resident Citizen for a minimum of 6 months.

The Picture on the passport must be taken by a Government Officer.

Two ID documents, such as a foreign passport or Driver License.

Three Citizens as guarantor. The guarantor must sign the
application to certify knowing personally the individual for at least
two (2) years. The "signature" may be done electronically from the
Government Website by approving the Guarantor Request (similar as people
approve friends on Facebook). The guarantor is not responsible of
the actions of the Citizen, however the Guarantor may lose his
citizenship if found guilty of trafficking passports. The
Guarantor is an essential component of a passport: to provide a reliable
identity. guarantor process is a security measure designed to
confirm the identity of an applicant

An expiry date the same length as the election cycle, which at the
moment is 6 years. This way, each Mayor has the opportunity to
sell a passport to each Citizen.

Selling passports over the Internet is forbidden to individuals
who never lived in Liberty Village. This is important to give
integrity to our passport and earn the respect of other nations.
Respect is earned and it starts by supplying quality documents.

Passport Content

Liability Insurance

Passport With The Biometric Chip

Citizens are free to choose if they want the chip on their passport.
It is the responsibility of the Government to list on its website what
countries accept a passport without the chip. If a Citizen has no plan
to visit a country where the chip is required, then he is free to order a
passport without the biometric chip. The passport with the chip cannot
cost more than twice the regular passport.

Passport Card

For convenience, a card-size passport must also be given at the same time
as ordering the full size passport. The dimension of the card is the
same as a credit card or driver license. This way

Passport Online

Diplomatic Passport

We want a society of equals, so Diplomatic Passports and Titles of
Nobility are forbidden. Equality starts from day one!

Ambassadors and Embassy

Each Civic Society is free to set up an office in a foreign country,
or have a toll free. Also the Government Website provides a way for
Citizens to print an emergency passport from their online account.

No Nobility, no Diplomatic Passports

Official Status

The term "official" is often a requirement for an organization, such as
a Civic Society or
Dispute Resolution Organization,
to remain in good standing. For instance, a Civic Society must
have contracts with three (3) DROs to remain an "official" Civic
Society.
Likewise, a an "official" DRO requires contracts with Civic Societies in
good standing. This is the system of checks and balances to prevent a
Civic Society to collude with a DRO to enforce unfair rules.

Any Civic Society with less than three (3) contract is still a
Civic Society, however loses its "official" status, and therefore its
members may not request any Government Documents nor invite Visitors, until
the "official" status has been restored. Likewise, a Civic Society
having its Restitution Reserve below the threshold also loses its "official"
status. Therefore the organizations have an incentive to remain in good
standing otherwise risk of losing its members.
The Government Website must list all Civic Societies and the date since
they have maintained the "official" status.

A Treasury having the official status requires having five (5) official
Civic Societies doing business with it. This way, a Treasury is
safekeeping gold as the Restitution Reserve
for a minimum of 50 Citizens.

Official Title

The term "official" may also be extended to other professions. For
instance, Civic Societies may nominate doctors. For an individual
to have the "official title" of doctor, he must have contracts with 3
official Dispute Resolution Organizations willing sponsor him as a doctor
and arbitrate in case of a professional dispute. Those DROs will set the rules and
the requirements, such as education level, professional experience and insurance, for the
individual to become a "licensed doctor". A doctor without the
"official" title may call himself "doctor" however cannot put on his
business card "official doctor". All official professions are listed
on the Government Website like a phone directory. Under such a
structure, doctors would seek to obtain the "official" title to increase
their credibility. Perhaps, only "official doctors" would be allowed
to perform certain such as the declaration of a live birth or the
confirmation an individual deceased.

In this Constitution, it is important to be clear and explicit, otherwise
politicians and bureaucrats will interpret it the wrong way. History
shows us that it has been the case countless times. For instance, the
"Commerce Clause", forcing individuals to buy health insurance, preventing
sales across states, creating cartels, and so on, which is completely the
opposite of what was intended.

Trial by Jury: Any living organism capable of requesting a trial by jury
(whatever oral or written) has the right of a trial by jury. If one
day monkeys petition their rights for freedom and the right to own property
and are capable to present themselves before a jury (or hire an agent on
their behalf), then they have a right of a trial by jury. This clause
is to prevent any form of slavery by defining certain individuals as "not
human", therefore having no right to justice. This is what is
happening today with immigrants without a legal status, and those
individuals are abused economically, emotionally and. This is also to
prevent a corporation to lure individuals to come to Village Libre under the
promise of a better life, however confiscate their passport and keep them as
slaves. It happens today with the UAE.

Animal "rights" to petition their rights, This opens the door for
animal and aliens to petition their rights and become Citizens (provided
they pass the Citizenship Test). Let it be! At least, no human
will be treated like an animal.

or some other thing. Even the individual without any legal
status, no document of any kind, or if he entered in the territory of
Liberty Village by trespassing, has the right to have a jury to defend
himself, and has the right to use the courts to seek restitution for any
aggression towards his property.

Constitutional tyranny occurs when those in power have the ability of
interpreting the Constitution in a way to legitimize their tyrannical
actions. When a Constitution is written in a vague language, such as
having a clause to "regulate commerce" or to "provide for the general
welfare", then those in power will eventually interpret those words in a way
which is completely opposite of the original intent of the Constitution.

The solution to prevent constitutional tyranny is writing a Constitution
with clear and well-defined words, leaving no room for judicial discretion
in interpreting the Constitution.

This Constitution is designed to scale well from a simple village of a
few hundred inhabitants, to a large city to a country. Just replace
the word "Village" by "City" and you have a Constitution for a City.
The City Council is now the new entity electing the Government Officers.

There are no copyrights regarding this Constitution. Anyone is free
to duplicate and print any material on the Village Libre website without
requesting any permission. If a group of individuals wishes to start
their own liberty village, they are free to use this Constitution as a base
framework and modify the articles they wish to change. Also, any
Amendments to the Constitution cannot be copyrighted. This
Constitution is meant to be shared across the world.

Our dream is to see thousands of communities around the world sharing
liberty.

“When you are young you worry about people stealing your ideas, when you
are old you worry about people NOT stealing your ideas”

The term Government is the body of Government Institutions,
Government Officers and Government Employees, usually excluding
Quasi-Government Organizations.
For instance, if a phrase says "the Government has the duty", it means one
of the Government Institution or Government Officer has the duty to perform
a certain activity. Likewise, if a phrase says "the Government is
forbidden to provide welfare", then it means Government Institutions and
Government Officers are forbidden to provide welfare, however
Quasi-Government Organizations
are free to do so.

A Government Person is the generic term for any Government Employee or
any Government Officer. A Government
Officer is a person at the head of a Government Department having a mandate
for specific tasks. A Government Employee is a person performing a
governmental task under the directions of a Government Officer. Government Officers are
elected with a budget and are free to hire employees to perform their
duties.

There is a distinction between a Citizen and a Government Person.
For instance, Citizens are free to discuss anything they want, however
Government Persons must obey the Constitution. For instance, a
Government Person is forbidden to promote or fund activities forbidden in
the Constitution, such as having an Income Tax or a system of Health Care
provided by the Government.

A Citizen running for office
is also considered a Government Person and subject to
Treason if attempting to be elected by making promises violating this
Constitution.

The term Government Department is a synonym for the team of a
Government Officer.
Each Government Officer has the
duty to pay all expenses of his Department which includes the salaries of
his employees.

A Government Transaction is a generic term referring to a transfer of
gold as income for the Government or an expenditure of the Government.
All government income must come only from Civic Societies and must be
listed on the Government Website so they
may be audited. It is an act of treason for any
Government Officer or employee to accept
any payment from a Citizen, Resident or Visitor. The Mayor
receives income only from the Print Office which is responsible of printing
documents such as Driver Licenses

Government income by receiving gold from selling a document such as
a Driver License or Passport, or Government income may
also come only from Civic Societies to pay the salaries of
Government Officers.

Government expenditure of the Government by spending gold to pay the
salaries of Government Employees, or to purchase equipment, such as a
printer.

A system of government where the least capable to lead are elected by the
least capable of producing, and where the members of society least
likely to sustain themselves or succeed, are rewarded with goods and
services paid for by the confiscated wealth of a diminishing number of producers.