..0%), or skeletal overgrowth (11.0%). In conclusion, facial hypertrophy is a major component of SWS; these patients should be counseled about the risk of overgrowth and about the types of possible operative correction...

..Significant progress in understanding and treating patients with vascular anomalies has been made during the past quarter century since the introduction of a biologic classification for these lesions...

..We hypothesized that vascular anomalies, including infantile hemangioma, an angiogenesis-dependent vascular tumor, and vascular malformations might be similarly inhibited in patients with Down syndrome...

..Compared with these more frequent conditions, lipofibromatosis usually causes less morbidity. Management of the tumor includes observation or excision. Because complete extirpation of the lesion is difficult, the recurrence rate is high...

..Because the donor area for PBG is of partial thickness and less than critical size, reparative osteogenesis theoretically allows an unlimited supply of autologous bone for inlay cranioplasty using PBG...

..Cranial particulate bone graft heals inlay calvarial defects and can be harvested as early as infancy. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that particulate bone promotes ossification primarily by osteogenesis...

..7% of group 1 patients and only 5.3% of those in group 2 (P = 0.04). Primary cranial particulate bone grafting significantly reduced the frequency of osseous defects and secondary cranioplasty following cranial remodeling...

..To determine whether MMPs are required for normal hepatic regeneration, we performed 67% hepatectomies on mice treated with a broad-spectrum MMP-inhibitor, and assessed the effect on liver regeneration and urinary MMP activity...

Lymphatic malformation: risk of progression during childhood and adolescence

..7 weeks after surgery. Our findings suggest that reduction mammaplasty is well-tolerated in obese and nonobese adolescents with macromastia and that obesity is not an absolute contraindication to reduction mammaplasty in adolescents...

..The authors tested the hypothesis that this condition is caused by a somatic mutation in the phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, which has been indicted in other anomalies with overgrowth...

Venous malformation: risk of progression during childhood and adolescence

..03). VMs have a higher risk of progression in adolescents than in children; pubertal hormones may contribute to expansion. Because of their high rate of progression, early treatment of asymptomatic VMs should be considered...

..Arteriovenous malformation is a dynamic vascular anomaly; it expands with age and after treatment. This study analyzed the pattern of arteriovenous malformation progression and frequency of recurrence after therapy...

Infantile hemangioma: clinical assessment of the involuting phase and implications for management

..Reconstructive procedures are often withheld until the lesion stops improving. The purpose of this study was to determine the age at which involution of infantile hemangioma ends, and factors that influence its regression...

..Infiltrating lipomatosis does not exhibit elevated angiogenic or vasculogenic factors compared to normal fat; the vasculature is stable. Neovascularization does not seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of this condition...

Critical-size defect ossification: effect of leporid age in a cranioplasty model

..31).Leporids as young as 4 months do not close a 17 × 17-mm defect; ossification is similar to animals as old as 16 months. Rabbits 4 months or older are suitable for a calvarial critical-size defect model...

..One child was low birth weight, there was one set of twins, and three infants had multiple lesions. The estimated probability of four consecutive children having this phenotypic expression of infantile hemangioma is 1/4,232,804...

..Although atypical Spitz tumor has uncertain malignant potential, trisomy 21 is protective against melanoma. This is the first description of an atypical Spitz tumor in a patient with Down syndrome and the largest nasal lesion reported...

Expression of angiogenic and vasculogenic factors in human lymphedematous tissue

..We describe the reconstruction of large myelomeningocele defects using (1) local fascial turnover flaps with or without paraspinous muscle flaps for deep coverage of the dural repair followed by (2) linear, midline skin closure...

..The purpose of this study was to determine whether the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies system is being used to categorize anomalies, and whether incorrect nomenclature affects patient care...

..11%; P < 0.05). The frequency was higher, 36%, in those with bilateral involvement (P > 0.05). There was no correlation with predominant side or OMENS score. This study confirms that this disorder affects cerebral lateralization...

Partial hepatectomy in the mouse: technique and perioperative management

Frank H LauCenter for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of AmericaPLoS ONE 7:e40423. 2012

..The mitogenic functions of PTN correlate closely with the clinical characteristics of macrodactyly. PTN thus represents a promising target for further investigation into the etiology of overgrowth phenotypes...

Ernest Amory Codman, M.D. (1869 to 1940): the influence of the End Result Idea on plastic and reconstructive surgery

..02) and have no difference in satisfaction (P = 0.47) or complication rates (P = 0.33) than normal-weighted patients. We conclude that obesity should not be used as an absolute contraindication to gynecomastia surgery...

..Understanding the physiologic behavior of autogenous bone graft can help clarify the indications for its use and provide a conceptual framework for achieving the best possible outcome when this alternative is chosen...