New emotification of global warming: selling the sizzle of melting glaciers

From the American Institute of Physics, some research they lament doesn’t carry “the same emotional wallop as images” related to “climate trends”. Oh, darn.

Maybe they need to link up with artist Paul Kos whose performance art is seen at right. His emotive imagery and recordings of ice melting dates all the way back to 1970. Yes, regular man-made ice makes sounds while it melts too. According to the press release, this “research” was also done in a studio, rather than in situ. It’s all about the tiny bubbles escaping it seems, something I’ll bet Don Ho would appreciate.

Hmm, maybe they should team up with these guys and release an album: “City College of New York music professor Jonathan Perl teamed up with City University of New York climate professor Marco Tedesco to create musical soundscapes or “sonifications” that document the changes in the glacial ice in Greenland over the last 54 years.”

Or maybe these guys: “Glaciers are dying, but they are not doing so quietly. The Glacier Music project of the Goethe Institutes in Tashkent and Almaty uses the sounds and powerful emotional image of melting glaciers as source of inspiration for festivals, open calls, concerts, sculpture, video and sound installations.“.

Emotifying ice melt has been a popular pastime with warmists, who have traditionally focused on the supposed plight of polar bears. However, the sound of melting ice is hardly anything new, explorers and the indigenous people of the Arctic have heard it for centuries. With 50 words for snow, I’m betting they even have a word for noisy melting ice since they’d hear it every spring.

Glaciers sizzle as they disappear into warmer water

The sounds of bubbles escaping from melting ice make underwater glacial fjords one of the loudest natural marine environments on earth

SAN FRANCISCO, Nov. 27, 2013 – Scientists have recorded and identified one of the most prominent sounds of a warming planet: the sizzle of glacier ice as it melts into the sea. The noise, caused by trapped air bubbles squirting out of the disappearing ice, could provide clues to the rate of glacier melt and help researchers better monitor the fast-changing polar environments.

Geophysicist Erin Pettit, a researcher at the University of Alaska, had often heard popping, crackling sounds while out kayaking in the frigid northern waters. The sounds were also picked up by underwater microphones Pettit set up off the Alaskan coast, and at a much louder volume than above the surface.

“If you were underneath the water in a complete downpour, with the rain pounding the water, that’s one of the loudest natural ocean sounds out there,” she said. “In glacial fjords we record that level of sound almost continually.”

While Pettit suspected the din was caused by melting ice, she couldn’t confirm that hypothesis without a more controlled experiment. So she enlisted the help of Kevin Lee and Preston Wilson, acoustics experts from the University of Texas. Pettit sent the Texas researchers chunks of glacier, which they mounted in a tank of chilled water. Lee and Wilson recorded video and audio of the ice as it melted and were able to match sounds on the recording to the escape of bubbles from the ice.

“Most of the sound comes from the bubbles oscillating when they’re ejected,” Lee said. “A bubble when it is released from a nozzle or any orifice will naturally oscillate at a frequency that’s inversely proportional to the radius of the bubble,” he said, meaning the smaller the bubble, the higher the pitch. The researchers recorded sounds in the 1 – 3 kilohertz range, which is right in the middle of the frequencies humans hear.

Scientists have known for decades that the bubbles in glaciers form when snow crystals trap pockets of air and then get slowly squashed down under the weight of more snow. As the snow is compacted it turns into ice and the air bubbles become pressurized. The regular way the bubbles form means that they are evenly distributed throughout the ice, an important characteristic if you want to use the sound intensity of bubble squirts to measure ice melt rate.

While the symphony of melting ice might not carry the same emotional wallop as images, sound still has its own, sometimes very loud, story to tell. Pettit and Lee say they could imagine using hydrophone recordings in glacial fjords to monitor relative changes in glacier melting in response to one-time weather events, seasonal changes, and long-term climate trends. Because sound travels long distances underwater, recording microphones can be placed a safe distance from unstable ice sheets. The audio recordings would complement other measurements of ice melt, such as time-lapse photography and salinity readings.

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Presentation 4aUW4, “Underwater sound radiated by bubbles released by melting glacier ice,” will take place on Thursday, Dec. 5, 2013, at 9:55 a.m. The abstract describing this work can be found here: http://asa2013.abstractcentral.com/planner.jsp.

I can imagine the next Christmas album filled with Arctic woe against a backdrop of whale songs. So which teary doe-eyed actress will they harness this time to gather our collective grief into the sound of money?

Lol – down in Newfoundland/Labrador in Canada the guys take boats out to icebergs and mine them for ice which they sell in their alcoholic beverages exactly for the sound of the ice popping and sizzling! Great ice cubes with the popping sound of nature at her best – that there is private enterprise my dear AGW deadbeats. Making icebergs pay – and they attract tourists by the thousands who also drink the iceberg beverages! That is what I call emotive responses done the Canadian way – fine drinks my friends! Lol! Who says we don’t have a sense of humor?

The sizzle of melting glaciers? Ice sizzles when it melts? My artillery ears aren’t good enough any more to hear that. There is a before and after picture show of Alaskan glaciers circulating on Facebook. All the glaciers are gone in the after pictures. So, I suppose by around 2005-2006 (date of afters) all the glaciers in Alaska must have melted.

Try living on a lake. This thing bangs, crashes, pops, booms, echoes, reverberates, thumps, scrapes, roars, and any number of other onomatopoeic words. It freezes typically in early November and melts in April, so the emotional impact of melting ice is completely zero to me.

Should I laugh, or should I cry? All that I know is that for this year, 2013, winter has come one month early for southern Ontario, and our Spring in 2013 was about two months late. When will the global warming come? I am still waiting.

Ice is compressed and the crystals flattened. Apparently, the thickness (thinness?) of the flattened crystal and its interaction with the wavelengths of light generates the color you see. A glaciologist from Austria published a short paper on this (20 years ago + or -) but I don’t remember much about it.

[Recall that folks have been talking about the CO2 in glacial ice for years. There is no reason to suspect all the “air” except CO2 would be squeezed out.]

Does water also make sounds when it freezes? If so, is there a way to measure which sound predominates during the course of the year? Only recording the sound of ice when it melts is like only recording the temperature when it goes up.

Has anyone ever noticed that when the alarmist show pictures of the melting glaciers, they will show an early 1900’s picture of the glacier and next picture will almost always be a post 1990 picture. Rarely will they show a series of pictures of the glacier which include, the 1920’s, 1930, and the 1940’s. The reason is that they want to overlook the melting that occurred in the 1920-1940’s. Most of the north american glaciers had significant melting during this time period with comparable volumes of melting to what is seen in more recent times. The rate amount of melting that occurred during the 1920’s to the 1940’s is somewhat contrary to the homogenized temp record from the early half of the 20th century.

Oh my god, what idiots. This is about the silliest ”scientific discovery” I have ever heard of. Everyone who has ever been near a glacier calving in water is familiar with this sound. By the way it’s not so much a “fizzing” as an endless series of little pops. The gas bubbles in glacier ice are under considerable pressure and burst as the ice melts.
Incidentally this has nothing to do with the sounds that moving sea ice and lake ice makes. That is a quite remarkable variety of booming, groaning and roaring sounds. Sometimes they can be rather beautiful and they certainly have a lot more “emotional wallop” than the popping of glacier ice which is about as exciting as listening to a newly opened soda bottle. However You have to hang around in the cold until they happen to record them so they are probably less popular “research objects”.

There’s nothing like the crunching sound of walking on snow when it gets below -25C. Or tires on snow when it is -40C.

Humans evolved for warm or even hot conditions, the savanna at the height of the noon-day Sun. Not for ice and snow and especially not for Arctic conditions. Our big brains which also developed for hot conditions just happened to be adaptable enough for the icy conditions.

Why are people so upset about some melting glaciers. What exactly lives on glaciers. Nothing.

Actually there are such things. Well, almost. There are “surging” glaciers that periodically start moving forward quite rapidly. I was lucky enough to visit the Perito Moreno glacier in Patagonia once while it was surging. The noise of the moving ice and the large chunks that constantly calve into Lago Argentino is very impressive. However You are not allowed to go close to the iglacier front since you might be hit by flying ice-splinters.

By the way, Perito Moreno is the glacier Patagonian Al Gore mentions as having retreated X kilometers in just a year or two. It always does that after a surge.

Making one sound that is similar to another isn’t science, it’s what special effects technicians do for a living. I can understand why they want to “emotify” the issue, though: strong emotional content engages the limbic system to the expense of the executive frontal cortex – ie histrionics turns off thinking.

It’s even worse. Soon he won’t have any reindeer. The Conservation authorities are planning to exterminate the reinderr on South Georgia that were introduced by norwegian whalers about 100
years ago, since the destroy the natural vegetation.
Santas reindeer are quite clearly South Georgian ones. Being in the Southern Hemisphere they are the only reindeer where the males have horns in December.

I think Tiny Tim got the emotification down pat, with his”The Ice Caps Are Melting”.
And he did not need a government grant for his performance art.
These rent seekers do not even come close.
So once again proving government grant supported art is junk.

Actually You could argue that this is the sound of a healthy and vigorous glacier. It is only heard from tidewater glaciers that calve a lot of ice into the sea. Once a glacier has retreated onto dry land it just sits there and melts quietly with no fuss.

“Glaciers are dying, but they are not doing so quietly. The Glacier Music project of the Goethe Institutes in Tashkent and Almaty uses the sounds and powerful emotional image of melting glaciers as source of inspiration for festivals, open calls, concerts, sculpture, video and sound installations. The project actively promotes the exchange between science and arts and creates awareness about the human-induced deterioration of our pristine environment. The project also reaches out to students through tailored education materials and exhibitions.”

Why can’t they be truthful (ok, I know that’s a silly rhetorical question to pose to alarmists) and just position a cash register in the midsts of those microphones? The expected outcome is the same isn’t it?

I hope these guys are reading this. You insist on the science, here it is.

PRESS RECORD.

Abstract
….The record indicates that warmer temperatures were the norm in the earlier part of the past 4000 years, including century-long intervals nearly 1°C warmer than the present decade (2001–2010). Therefore, we conclude that the current decadal mean temperature in Greenland has not exceeded the envelope of natural variability over the past 4000 years, a period that seems to include part of the Holocene…..
[Takuro Kobashi et. al.]
——-Abstract
An aerial view of 80 years of climate-related glacier fluctuations in southeast Greenland
…………the recent retreat was matched in its vigour during a period of warming in the 1930s with comparable increases in air temperature. We show that many land-terminating glaciers underwent a more rapid retreat in the 1930s than in the 2000s,……
[Anders A. Bjørk et. al. – 20 April 2012]
——-Abstract
Greenland warming of 1920–1930 and 1995–2005
“…the rate of warming in 1920–1930 was about 50% higher than that in 1995–2005….”
[Petr Chylek et. al. – 20 June 2006]
——-Abstract
Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Air Temperature Variability: 1840–2007
“…The annual whole ice sheet 1919–32 warming trend is 33% greater in magnitude than the 1994–2007 warming….”
[Jason E. Box et. al. – 2009]
——-Abstract
Extending Greenland temperature records into the late eighteenth century
“…The warmest year in the extended Greenland temperature record is 1941, while the 1930s and 1940s are the warmest decades….”
[B. M. Vinther et. al. – 6 June 2006 [pdf]]
——-Abstract
The State of the West Greenland Current up to 1944
“….It is found that warmer conditions existed during the decade of 1880, followed by a colder period up to about 1920, when the present warm period began. The peak of the present warm period appears to have been reached in the middle 1930’s,…..”
[M. J. Dunbar – 1946]
——-Abstract
A period of warm winters in Western Greenland and the temperature see-saw between Western Greenland and Central Europe
Particulars are given regarding the big rise of winter temperatures in Greenland and its more oceanic climate during the last fifteen years….Dr. F. Loewe – 1937

PRESS RECORD.

Abstract
Consequences of long-distance swimming and travel over deep-water pack ice for a female polar bear during a year of extreme sea ice retreat

….Between an initial capture in late August and a recapture in late October 2008, a radio-collared adult female polar bear in the Beaufort Sea made a continuous swim of 687 km over 9 days and then intermittently swam and walked on the sea ice surface an additional 1,800 km…..The extraordinary long distance swimming ability of polar bears, which we confirm here, may help them cope with reduced Arctic sea ice……http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=24131717

Abstract
Polar bear cubs may reduce chilling from icy water by sitting on mother’s back

…We describe an observation of a polar bear cub on its mother’s back while the mother was swimming among ice floes in Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic. Similar observations are to our knowledge not earlier described in the scientific literature. We point out that this behaviour minimize exposure to cold water and hence significantly may reduce chilling of the cub….http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-009-0721-3

PRESS RECORD.

Abstract
The Early Twentieth-Century Warming in the Arctic—A Possible Mechanism

The huge warming of the Arctic that started in the early 1920s and lasted for almost two decades is one of the most spectacular climate events of the twentieth century. During the peak period 1930–40, the annually averaged temperature anomaly for the area 60°–90°N amounted to some 1.7°C…..
dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017%3C4045:TETWIT%3E2.0.CO;2

Abstract
The regime shift of the 1920s and 1930s in the North Atlantic

During the 1920s and 1930s, there was a dramatic warming of the northern North Atlantic Ocean. Warmer-than-normal sea temperatures, reduced sea ice conditions and enhanced Atlantic inflow in northern regions continued through to the 1950s and 1960s, with the timing of the decline to colder temperatures varying with location. Ecosystem changes associated with the warm period included a general northward movement of fish……
dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2006.02.011

Monthly Weather Review October 10, 1922.
“The Arctic seems to be warming up. Reports from fishermen, seal hunters, and explores who sail the seas about Spitsbergen and the eastern Arctic, all point to a radical change in climatic conditions, and hitherto unheard-of high temperatures in that part of the earth’s surface….

In August, 1922, the Norwegian Department of Commerce sent an expedition to Spitsbergen and Bear Island under Dr. Adolf Hoel, lecturer on geology at the University of Christiania. The oceanographic observations (reported that) Ice conditions were exceptional. In fact, so little ice has never before been noted. The expedition all but established a record, sailing as far north as 81o 29′ in ice-free water. This is the farthest north ever reached with modern oceanographic apparatus…..”
docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/050/mwr-050-11-0589a.pdf

Examiner (Launceston, Tas. – 25 April 1939
…It has been noted that year by year, for the past two decades, the fringe of the Polar icepack has been creeping northward in the Barents Sea. As compared with the year 1900, the total ice surface of this body of water has decreased by twenty per cent. Various expeditions have discovered that warmth-loving species of fish have migrated in great shoals to waters farther north than they had ever been seen before….http://tinyurl.com/aak64qf

New York Times – May 18, 1926
Lincoln Ellsworth of the Amundsen-Ellsworth transpolar expedition told The Associated Press here today that he saw much open water at the North Pole when he and his sixteen companions passed over it last Tuesday night in the dirigible Norge.
___________________

New York Times – 29 August 2000
“The fact of having no ice at the pole is not so stunning,” said Dr. Claire L. Parkinson, a climatologist at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. “But the report said the ship encountered an unusual amount of open water all the way up. That is reason for concern.”

New York Times – 29 August 2000Correction: August 29, 2000, Tuesday A front-page article on Aug. 19 and a brief report on Aug. 20 in The Week in Review about the sighting of open water at the North Pole misstated the normal conditions of the sea ice there. A clear spot has probably opened at the pole before, scientists say, because about 10 percent of the Arctic Ocean is clear of ice in a typical summer. The reports also referred incompletely to the link between the open water and global warming. The lack of ice at the pole is not necessarily related to global warming.
___________________

Common Dreams – 4 September 2000
Climate Change Has The World Skating On Thin Ice
by Lester R. Brown

“If any explorers had been hiking to the North Pole this summer, they would have had to swim the last few miles. The discovery of open water at the Pole by an ice-breaker cruise ship in mid August surprised many in the scientific community.”
___________________

NOAA Faqs – found 18 November 2013
10. Is it true that the North Pole is now water?
Recently there have been newspaper articles describing the existence of open water at the North Pole. This situation is infrequent but has been known to occur as the ice is shifted around by winds. In itself, this observation is not meaningful.
___________________

Navsource.org
[89] U.S. and British sailors explore the Arctic ice cap while conducting the first U.S./British coordinated surfacing at the North Pole. The ships are, left to right: the nuclear-powered attack submarine Sea Devil (SSN-664), the fleet submarine HMS Superb (S-109) , and the nuclear-powered attack submarine Billfish (SSN-676), 18 May 1987.
___________________

Edmonton Journal – 29 May 1928
Reported Open Water Near the North Pole
___________________

Ottawa Citizen – Apr 3, 1969North Pole is the goal
…While the Pole itself doesn’t move, the ice above it does – sometimes there is open water at the site and hitting the exact loca-tion is no easy chore….

Abstract
We therefore conclude that for a [period] in the Early Holocene, probably for a millenium or more, the Arctic Ocean was free of sea ice at least for shorter periods in the summer. This may serve as an analogue to the predicted “greenhouse situation” expected to appear within our century.http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFMPP11A0203F

AbstractArctic sea ice cover was strongly reduced during most of the early Holocene and there appear to have been periods of ice free summers in the central Arctic Ocean. This has important consequences for our understanding of the recent trend of declining sea ice, and calls for further research on causal links between Arctic climate and sea ice.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379110003185

Abstract
Calcareous nannofossils from approximately the past 7000 yr of the Holocene and from oxygen isotope stage 5 are present at 39 analyzed sites in the central Arctic Ocean. This indicates partly ice-free conditions during at least some summers. The depth of Holocene sediments in the Nansen basin is about 20 cm, or more where influenced by turbidites.http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/content/21/3/227.abstract

Abstract
….Nevertheless, episodes of considerably reduced sea ice or even seasonally ice-free conditions occurred during warmer periods linked to orbital variations. The last low-ice event related to orbital forcing (high insolation) was in the early Holocene,…http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.02.010

…..over the 125-year record we identify periods when arctic SAT trends were smaller or of opposite sign than northern-hemispheric trends. Arctic and northern-hemispheric air-temperature trends during the 20th century (when multi-decadal variablity had little net effect on computed trends) are similar, and do not support the predicted polar amplification of global warming. The possible moderating role of sea ice cannot be conclusively identified with existing data. If long-term trends are accepted as a valid measure of climate change, then the SAT and ice data do not support the proposed polar amplification of global warming.
DOI: 10.1029/2001GL011111

It’s all our fault and we must act now. PRESS RECORD.

Abstract
….Here we present palaeoecological evidence for changes in terrestrial vegetation and lake characteristics during an episode of climate warming that occurred between 5,000 and 4,000 years ago at the boreal treeline in central Canada. The initial transformation — from tundra to forest-tundra on land, which coincided with increases in lake productivity, pH and ratio of inflow to evaporation — took only 150 years, which is roughly equivalent to the time period often used in modelling the response of boreal forests to climate warming5,6. The timing of the treeline advance did not coincide with the maximum in high-latitude summer insolation predicted by Milankovitch theory7,….http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v361/n6409/abs/361243a0.html

Abstract
The palynological record of Late-Quaternary arctic tree-line in northwest Canada
…Open woodlands with black spruce grew as far north as Sleet Lake from 8400 to 3500 yr BP. These woodlands gradually retreated to just south of Reindeer Lake during the late Holocene….http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(93)90040-2

Abstract
Holocene pollen stratigraphy indicating climatic and tree-line changes derived from a peat section at Ortino, in the Pechora lowland, northern Russia
….Trees and a climate warmer than at present persisted until c. 3000 14C yr BP, when forests disappeared and modern dwarf-shrub tundra vegetation developed.http://hol.sagepub.com/content/10/5/611.short

I live in Alaska and often marvel at how glaciers have shaped the land here. I am Tlingit, and know from our oral history that the Tlingit have adapted to the natural ebb and flow of glaciers. In more recent history, my great-grandfather, Sitka Charlie (X’aasku) guided John Muir and Reverend Samuel Hall to Glacier Bay in 1879. At this point John Muir “discovered” it. In 1915, Reverend Hall wrote in his book “Alaska Days” that “…Where Vancouver (in the 1790’s) saw only a great crystal wall across the sea, we were to paddle for days up a long and sinuous fiord; and where he saw one glacier, we were to find a dozen”

In the hundred years between Vancouver’s visit and Muir and Hall’s visit glaciers retreated for many miles, and that was natural, but recent withdrawal is attributable to Man’s sin of emission? Color me skeptical.

In 1975 my brother was on leave from the Army, and we went to the house my grandfather had built on Flathead Lake, in the northwest corner of Montana. It was the first week of February, and the daytime high was around 16F, with a night time low around 0F. The lake had frozen solid that year, (largest body of fresh water west of the Mississippi ) and the first night there, my brother came in and woke me up because a ‘Chinook Wind’ was coming in. A ‘Chinook’ is when the jet stream drops down in the tropics, and gobbles up a bunch of very warm air before continuing on it’s way. That night, at about 1 am, the ‘Chinook’ blew in, raising temperatures to perhaps the mid 70’sF. We were standing on the dock, marveling at the temperature, when the ice on the lake started cracking. It was the absolute most unnerving sound I have ever heard in my life. The magnitude was such that it was louder than lightning striking within a half mile. It was groaning, screeching, screaming, all at a level that precluded conversation on any level. The hair on my arms, back of my neck, was all straight out — just like a Halloween cat. We stood there in wonder for maybe an hour, when all of a sudden the temperature dropped like a rock, back to seemingly 0F again. (sorry — can’t do ‘degrees’ symbol)

I’m fairly certain had it been a few years later, James Hansen and company would have been on grandad’s dock wringing their hands.

For my money, whatever sounds melting glaciers or icebergs make, it ain’t a pimple on the backside of a cracking lake.

@ Louis
From Trollvinter, by Tove Jansson. (My translation.)
Just before the great cold comes:
“He listened, and thought that the stillness itself had a deep, singing tone. Perhaps it was the ice that froze even deeper down in the sea.”

==========================================================================
A “one liner” if I ever heard one.
(For those of you who may not remember “Fizzies”, http://www.fizzies.com/. (of course, CO2 was involved.)

Ice does make a sound like finger nails on a chalk board.I would much rather listen to a
‘babbling brook’. It’s been said that there’s five sounds that they(it) make(s) and i’m not sure but it could be studied. Could you imagine that…… “Hey, proffessor said we’re going to study a babbling brook.” “Oh ,really,I thought that was settled science ,that water can’t talk?” “well,he said that with all that grant money those guys over in ‘glacier science’ have been druming up,we have to get on the bandwagon.”

Bill Illis
December 1, 2013 at 2:56 pm
says:
‘Why are people so upset about some melting glaciers. What exactly lives on glaciers. Nothing.’

I sort of hate to tell you this but there actually is something that lives on glaciers. Supposedly there was a joke that Alaskans played on sourdoughs by claiming there was such a thing in Alaska as an ice worm. Well, guess what? There actually is such a thing as an ice worm and they do live on glaciers and feed on glacial algae. The worm bodies will actually reduce to a liquid form (dare I say, melt?) at temperatures over 41 degrees Fahrenheit.

To be honest I think it would be more amusing to watch (with magnification because they’re pretty tiny) these worms fritter about and cavort on top of the ice then it would be to listen to the ice melt. Heck, I think it’d be more amusing to watch paint dry.

I can remember recordings of whale songs being sold with the tag line “get them now before all the whales are gone”. That didn’t happen for various reasons one being that cosmetics stopped using whale products and moved onto good petrochemicals, now they are bad petrochemicals, next it will be biochemicals from corn soya etc.

So as I sit here in sub-tropical Queensland, Australia I can happily attest to the truth in this, my experiment includes a freezer, a glass and a bottle of one of Scotland’s finest single malt whiskeys. If I sit here quietly I can hear the sounds of the trapped air bubbles escaping as the ice melts.

I was in a camp on Chuchi Lake in northern B.C. one winter many years ago, and the Spring breakup was approaching. The lake ice had degraded to the point that it was no longer safe to cross it on a snowmobile. One night, I was awakened by a loud musical tinkling sound, like thousands of tiny bells. Went down to the shoreline, and the ice was on the move. The ice had become recrystallized into “candle ice”, vertically-oriented crystal blades maybe 4 to 6 inches in length, as the wind shifted the ice pack alongshore, these crystals were snapping off the ice beneath them, giving rise to the tinkle, which was quite beautiful to hear and behold. Next morning, we had open water before us.

“The noise, caused by trapped air bubbles squirting out of the disappearing ice, could provide clues to the rate of glacier melt and help researchers better monitor the fast-changing polar environments.”