Name of Flower Part| Description| Anther| Tip of the stamen that produces pollen containing sperm| Filament| Slender stalklike part of the stamer that supports the anther| Ovary| Swollen base of the pistil that contains the ovules| Ovule| eggs that develop into seeds after they are fertilized| Petals| Colorful leaflike parts that attract insects and other animals for pollination| Pistil| Structure that contains the female reproductive organs| Sepals| Leaflike parts that enclose flower during bud stage| Stamen| Pollen producing part of a flower, consisting of a stalk and filament (male reproductive organs)| Stigma| Sticky tip of the pistil where pollen grains land| Style| Stalklike part of the pistil that connects the stigma to the ovary|

1. Which parts of the flowers are important in pollination? Describe their role in the process.

Pollen is produced in the stamen. Pollination occurs when that pollen is transported from the anther to the style by insects or animals that are attracted to the plant by the beautiful petals of the flower.

2. Which parts of the flower are involved in fertilization and fruit development?

Fertilization starts after pollination has occurred, and begins inside the pistils. The ovule contained inside the ovary is fertilized and the ovule begins to harden and form into a seed to protect the embryo until it begins to grow into a new plant. The embryo grows inside the ovule and then develops into a fruit.

3. Many types of flowers produce fruits that are fragrant and sweet tasting. Describe how these characteristics of fruits may be important for dispersal.

These types of fruits could be more appealing to animals that depend on plants for food. These animals then begin to remember these particular flowers for their fruit, and recognize them in other areas, which may allow that particular flower to grow in another location.

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...1. Why do flowers have such a pleasant scent? What would be the practical reason?
The practical reason for flowers having such a pleasant scent is to attract birds and insects such as bees. By attracting them to the flower, the bird or insect will be more likely to spread the pollen of the flower around, allowing for reproduction of that flower.
2. What is the reason behind evolutionary adaptation offlowers into bright colors?
The reason behind the evolutionary adaptation of flowers into bright colors is for pollination. With attractive coloring, birds, insects, bats, and other "pollinators" are more likely to collect pollen from that flower than one with a less attractive color. The pollen will then be spread around, and more of the same flower will be grown, showing that certain colors are more advantageous than others.
3. What is pollination?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organ (stamen) to the female reproductive organ (pistil) of the same or of another flower.
4. Which of the flowers you observed today will have the highest chance of being pollinated? Explain your choice.
Of the observed flowers today, the one with the highest chance of being pollinated would be the sunflower. The sunflower had the brightest and most appealing color, and...

...1. Which parts of the flowers are important in pollination? Describe their role in the process.
The pistil (stigma) and stamen (anther) are important in pollination. Stamen, the male reproductive parts produce pollen. Pollen grains develop in the anther, a sac at the top of the stamen. The pistil, the female reproductive parts, has a sticky tip that traps pollen. Pollination occurs when that pollen is moved from an anther to the stigma by insects, animals or wind.
2. Which parts of the flower are involved in fertilization and fruit development?
The style, which is the stalk-like part of the pistil, which is the tube that the pollen travels through to the ovule.. The ovary, containing the ovules, which are eggs that develop into seeds. Fertilization begins after pollination has happened. The ovule inside the ovary is fertilized begins to harden and form into a seed to protect the embryo until it begins to grow into a new plant. The embryo grows inside the ovule and then develops into a fruit.
3. Many types of flowers produce fruits that are fragrant and sweet tasting. Describe how these characteristics of fruits may be important for dispersal.
Fruits protect and help disperse seeds. The more fragrant and sweet smelling a fruit is, the more attractive it is to animals. Therefore, plants that produce the fragrant and sweet smelling fruit may be in more...

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VirtualLab: Enzyme Controlled Reactions Worksheet
Go to the following website to complete the virtuallab: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs_2K8/pages/EnzymeControlledReactions.html
Due: Wednesday, March 28, 2012 during your respective lab time
1. Which of the following does NOT apply to an enzyme:
a. Catalyst
b. Inorganic
c. Protein
d. All of the above apply to an enzyme
2. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction:
a. Substrate(s) bind in the active site
b. Products bind in the active site
c. The shape of the enzyme remains unchanged
d. The enzyme is consumed by the reaction
3. Which of the following would interfere most with the ability of an enzyme to catalyze a reaction?
a. Reduced concentration of substrate available
b. Reduced concentration of product available
c. Increased concentration of substrate available
d. A change in the pH
4. Feedback mechanisms regulate the rate of enzyme activity, effectively “turning off” an enzyme in a reversible way until more product is needed. Which of the following would be most effective as a feedback mechanism?
a. Reduced concentration of product
b. Increased concentration of substrate
c. A change in pH
d. Temporary binding of a non-substrate molecule in the active site
5. Which of the following statements is accurate in describing the activity of the lactase...

...Parts Of The Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing or allow selfing. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so that they can be vectors for the transfer of pollen.
1.) Pistil- It is the female reproductive part of the flower. Located in the center of the flower. Often vase-shaped, the pistil consists of three parts: the stigma, the style and the ovary.
* Stigma- It is the reception are for the pollen. The stigma is adapted to catch and trap pollen with various hairs, flaps, or sculpturings The pollen may be captured from the air ,from visiting insects or other animals , or in rare cases from surrounding water. It is sticky and velvety in texture .
* Style- It is a slender stalk for the passage of pollen nuclei . Located between ovary and stigma
* Ovary- Is the enlarged basal portion that contains one or more ovule-bearing units called carpels. Each ovule contains the female gamete, the egg &amp; 2 polar bodies, which become the endosperm.
2.) Stamen- Is the male reproductive structure of a flower. It is consist of 4 pollen-containing chambers...

...INTRODUCTION INTO SEEDS AND FLOWERS
REVIEW+MORE
The cycle of life for a plant starts off as a seed. The seed goes through mitosis and turns into a nature plant, which sometimes may produce flowers and fruits. Fruits are where the new seeds can be found, continuing the life cycle. A monocot seed with 2 genetic codes (2N) would grow by mitosis. The growth by mitosis would lead to the growth of the apical tips. The meristem cells (stem cells) keep dividing. Then the zone of elongation, the plant would get longer and grow. Eventually the cells would become specialized. The apical tips are at the top and bottom of the plant: causing it to grow roots and become taller. The plant eventually grows its roots, a stem, and 2 leaves.
****Woody dicot: the meristem cells are found in the cambium, causing the plant to increase its diameter.
Taking a Flower Apart: SEPALS/PETALS, PISTIL/STAMENS, POLLINATORS/WIND, PISTIL/STAMEN.
When we take a look at a flower, it is composed of many parts. Flowers have sepals, which are the leaves that open up. Above the sepals lie the petals, which carry the pistil and stamens. Sepals once covered the flower buds, but eventually open up. The petals are there to attract pollinators such as bees and humming birds. Petals attract pollinators so that they can transport pollen from flower to flower....

...paper tower, pat dry carefully.
9. Weigh it using the mass scale.
10. Record data.
11. Calculate the percent change.
12. Create lab report.
Data and Results:
For the distilled water solution the apple grew in size by 0.3 grams. It really changed when we massed the 0.4 solution. The weight of the apple changed by 1.1 grams; which was the most significant change. It didn’t change as much in the 0.6 solution, the size only grew by 0.8 grams. In the 0.8 molarity solution the apple didn’t change its weight at all.
Conclusion:
The results of this experiment did not match our hypothesis. I thought the 0.6 molarity solution would have the most change because an apple is sweet, but not too sweet for the 0.8 molarity solution. Instead the 0.4 molarity solution apple piece had the greatest percent change. The apple absorbed the sugar water depending on its molarity some water was better concentrated than others so the apple grew in size to its potential. I learned that the apple piece with little or no change would be more isotonic. The 0.8 molarity solution is the most isotonic. The 0.4 solution is the least isotonic. The apple piece found it’s equilibrium at the 0.8 molarity solution. Apples are sweet and it’s extremely easy for them to find their equilibrium in sugar water.
Discussion:
If a cell did not have the parts to help control osmosis then too much water could enter it and potentially throw off homeostasis. The...

...﻿Cellular BiologyLab – Homework #3
Due to the week of Nov. 10-14th
You may use the lab manual, pre-lab lectures, and credible internet resources, however you may not use your cell bio lab classmates as a resource. You will most likely see this material again on the Final and I highly encourage you to work individually and seek help from myself or your TA.Plagiarism will result in an automatic zero.
1. [15pt]In the cell bio lab, we use company manufactured gels, however you can make you own polyacrylamide gels. List all of the ingredients found in an SDS-PAGE gel. Which ingredients are responsible for polymerizing the solution? How does the percentage of acrylamide effect the migration of proteins (ex: 4% gel vs. 18% gel)?
2. [8pts]Describe the purpose of each loading buffer ingredient added to protein samples for SDS-PAGE analysis (hint- there are 4 ingredients).
3. [45pts]You purified protein X via affinity chromatography (no diafiltration step performed) and ran an SDS-PAGE gel of the sample with a set of controls. Below is the result of your SDS-PAGE analysis.
1 2 3 4
Figure 1. SDS-PAGE of purified protein X. Lane 1, Protein ladder (in Daltons). Lane 2, purified protein X (affinity chromatography). Lane 3, purified protein X (company manufactured). Lane 4, elution buffer.
a. What is the benefit of a protein ladder/molecular weight marker in an SDS-PAGE gel?...