Morality and Moral Controversies

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For courses in Ethics, Applied Ethics, Social and Political Ethics, and Ethics and Moral Issues. Comprehensive anthology includes classic and contemporary readings in moral theory with wide array of essays that address today's most philosophically interesting and controversial ethical and political issues. Includes ethical theory overview; shows relevance of traditional and contemporary writers.

Preface to the Sixth Edition

xi

PART I MORAL THEORY

Classical Theories of Morality

1

(34)

Nichomachean Ethics

1

(7)

Aristotle

Leviathan

8

(8)

Thomas Hobbes

The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals

16

(10)

Immanuel Kant

Utilitarianism

26

(9)

John Stuart Mill

Contemporary Perspectives

35

(25)

Intuitionism

35

(5)

W.D. Ross

Kant and Utilitarianism Contrasted

40

(5)

Onora O'Neill

Is Patriotism a Virtue?

45

(8)

Alasdair MacIntyre

Feminist Transformations of Moral Theory

53

(7)

Virginia Held

The Sources and Grounds of Morality

60

(43)

Morality, Religion, and Conscience

60

(9)

John Arthur

The Source of Moral Ideas: Society, Custom, and Sympathy

69

(2)

Edward Westermark

Morality Is Based on Sentiment

71

(6)

David Hume

Trying Out One's New Sword

77

(4)

Mary Midgley

Relativism in Ethics

81

(4)

William H. Shaw

Ethics

85

(3)

Thomas Nagel

The Arc of the Moral Universe

88

(15)

Joshua Cohen

PART II ISSUES OF LIFE AND DEATH

Violence, Terrorism, and War

103

(19)

Do Guns Mean Crime?

103

(3)

The Economist

Terrorism

106

(5)

R.G. Frey

Christopher W. Morris

On the Morality of War

111

(11)

Richard Wasserstrom

Capital Punishment

122

(32)

The Death Penalty

122

(7)

Gregg v. Georgia

Desert and Capital Punishment

129

(9)

Martin Perlmutter

The Ultimate Punishment

138

(5)

Ernest van den Haag

Justice, Civilization, and the Death Penalty

143

(6)

Jeffrey H. Reiman

Refuting Reiman

149

(5)

Ernest van den Haag

Animals and the Natural Environment

154

(36)

All Animals Are Equal

154

(10)

Peter Singer

Speciesism and the Idea of Equality

164

(7)

Bonnie Steinbock

People or Penguins

171

(5)

William F. Baxter

The Land Ethic

176

(14)

J. Baird Callicott

Abortion

190

(46)

The Constitutional Right to Abortion

190

(5)

Roe v. Wade

A Defense of Abortion

195

(9)

Judith Jarvis Thomson

On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion

204

(7)

Mary Ann Warren

Abortion and the Concept of a Person

211

(7)

Jane English

An Argument That Abortion Is Wrong

218

(10)

Dan Marquis

Fathers and Fetuses

228

(8)

George W. Harris

Euthanasia and Eugenics

236

(33)

Removing Life-Support Systems

236

(7)

Cruzan v. Director

Comparing Human Lives: The Archbishop and the Chambermaid

243

(1)

William Godwin

An Alternative to the Ethic of Euthanasia

244

(5)

Arthur J. Dyck

Active and Passive Euthanasia

249

(4)

James Rachels

Defective Newborns and the Morality of Termination

253

(7)

Richard B. Brandt

Playing God: Genes, Clones, and Luck

260

(9)

Ronald Dworkin

PART III POLITICAL AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

Justice and Economic Distribution

269

(64)

The Second Treatise of Government

270

(6)

John Locke

Of Justice

276

(3)

David Hume

The Communist Manifesto

279

(9)

Karl Marx

Fredrich Engels

A Theory of Justice

288

(11)

John Rawls

The Entitlement Theory

299

(9)

Robert Nozick

Rich and Poor

308

(7)

Peter Singer

What People Deserve

315

(7)

James Rachels

Markets and Hard Work

322

(11)

Michael Walzer

Civil Disobedience and the Rule of Law

333

(35)

Crito

333

(5)

Plato

Taking Rights Seriously

338

(7)

Ronald Dworkin

Civil Disobedience and the Social Contract

345

(10)

John Rawls

On Not Prosecuting Civil Disobedience

355

(7)

Ronald Dworking

The Problem of the Grudge Informer

362

(6)

Lon L. Fuller

Liberty and Freedom

368

(49)

On Liberty

368

(9)

John Stuart Mill

Requiring Medical Treatment

377

(3)

JFK Memorial Hospital v. Heston

The Ethics of Addiction: An Argument in Favor of Letting Americans Take Any Drug They Want