While mass production of the venerable floppy disk stopped about 2010, some are still needed for applications designed in the nineties. It is actually possible to work with floppy disks on an almost daily basis at work, in 2015. In fact, I do.

2500 floppies, or about 3.5 GB

Norwegian doctors get one 3.5″ floppy in the mail from the government (the Norwegian Directorate of Health) every month. For a long time this applied to all of them, but for about the last decade a secure online option has been available. Problem is, a lot of doctors love their MSDOS-based electronic journals and haven’t switched yet.

The reason floppy disks are used instead of CD-ROMs or flash drives is partly historical and partly economical. The floppy disks are inexpensive; they cost far less than a USB drive and are far less time-consuming to write to than a CD-ROM for this amount of data. Given the historical restriction of delivery by mail, and the data volume being less than 1.44MB, they are the logical choice.

Background

Why a floppy a month? In Norway, every citizen selects one doctor to be their go-to doctor for everyday needs. This patient-to-main-doctor directory is maintained by the government. Since patients are free to switch (to any doctor with an available spot) at any time, the government needs to continuously send doctors a list of their main patients. This list, although essentially only a list of names, is classified as health-related information, leading to some restrictions on distribution.

1500 disks, about 2.1 GB. Nicely stacked before a visit from the national broadcasting company (NRK).

At work, we took over the distribution from a large american document management company mid-2014, mostly for kicks. We all had fond memories of floppies growing up and it just seemed like a fun thing to do. Since then we have bought tens of thousands of floppies, emptying the stocks of most local online retailers. We are now buying them from the previous company holding the contract. When that stock is empty, or they refuse to sell us any more, we will start buying from floppydisk.com. It is what seems to be the sole global supplier with enough in stock.

Functional?

To make sure every floppy gets the correct file, and gets sent to the correct doctor, we developed two applications in Haskell. From the EBCDIC encoded files we receive every month, one application generates labels for envelopes and floppies. A barcode on each label and a barcode reader on every USB floppy reader makes sure everything matches up. The other Haskell application is the one reading the barcodes on the floppy labels and writing the correct file. Thus, the human operator (usually a temp or intern), doesn’t even have to touch the keyboard.

The floppy copy workstations are required by the contract to be airgapped (no network). Fitting, as surfing the web and copying floppies belongs to two entirely different eras.

A floppy copy workstation in 2015. The retro handset is just there for giggles.

So there it is, Haskell in production for the Norwegian government. Haskell truly can do anything.

Fun fact: while floppies are indestructible, the floppy readers are not. They seem to last a few thousand writes. Luckily, the drives are still readily available online.

The end is near

The government seems to finally close down floppy distribution at the beginning of 2016, forcing any remaining doctors over to newer electronic patient journals. The chosen strategy is just to offer paper printouts instead, requiring error-prone rekeying at the doctor’s office. The future may be here at last, entering via paper detour.

However there seems to be a trend of software ‘getting older’. The software I wrote 10 years ago had a life expectency of 2-3 years. Now days processor speeds don’t double every 1.5 years and people are just sattisfied with their office 2003 suite.

At this very moment I’m working on a 13 year old .NET codebase for a large company. It works and it will keep working for the coming years.

Sure there is something to be gained: not sending out the majority of the floppies, i.e. all of those ones which contain unchanged data.

There are approx. 4,500 GPs in Norway. If in a given month there are 500 GPs whose patient list changes (after all, “patients seldomly switch so the turnover is very low”), then it is unnecessary to send out the other 4,000 (~90%) floppies with the unchanged patient lists.

Hard to believe this stupidity comes from the same country that produced Abel, Sophus Lie and Magnus Carlsen. I would start at the root of the problem and ditch socialized medicine. Free up everything.

It is a “market” approximation, introduced in recent years, that necessitate this.

Earlier you just went to the doctor that was on call at the time.

Now you instead pick a doctor you stick with, in part to give a competitive incentive to the other doctors to step up their service quality (the thinking is some kind of off-shot of New Public Management).

LOL! Seriously? With a 48X burner, I bet that I could write AND VERIFY at least 4-5 discs before a floppy drive can fill a floppy disc. If you were using mini cd-r’s, they would be more robust, lighter, and cost less to ship.

If some of the data is the same, you could burn hundreds of discs at a time with automated duplicators.

The health authorities have had a PKI for communicating with doctors in place for at least a decade. I used to manage it back then. The doctors have (as you note) staunchly refused to update the software. Not so much because they love their MS DOS, but because they expect the government to foot the bill for upgrades.

About

This is an incoherent and mostly uninteresting collection of posts on a variety of topics. Generally these are small guides aimed at helping others save some time, and making sure I'm not forgetting how I fixed something.

I'm a software developer and manager in the daytime and tinkerer in the evenings. I love technology and making stuff.