This study presents an overview of current and projected land use patterns as well as food and feed supply, with projections reaching up to 2050. The main question is whether there will be enough land resources to feed the growing world population, and, if that is the case, what potential there is for growing energy crops. Estimates for supply and demand of agricultural products in 2050 are based on projections provided by the FAO. Existing studies almost exclusively assess the technical potential for production of bioenergy, and the estimates vary between zero and 150 percent of total energy demand projected for 2050. The big range of the estimated land potentials for energy production is explained by differing data sources, varying assumptions on yield of energy crops and the development of new technologies, in particular related to the production of second generation biofuels. In our view, these technical potentials overestimate the potential that could be realized in an also economically viable way. Analysis based on economic models would be desirable in order to better narrow down the range of economically viable land potentials.