Are comments always wrong?

He’d been looking through some code his team had written, and couldn’t understand it – he was looking for comments to make sense of the mess, but there were none. Before he challenged the team, he asked my opinion: should developers be writing comments?

Excessive Comments

When I started programming some years ago, I would comment everything, and I mean everything.

// Add four to x
x += 4;

My logic at the time was that it was impossible to tell the difference between uncommented clear code and gnarly code you just hadn’t spotted the gnarliness in yet. So I would comment everything, where the absence of a comment meant I’d forgotten – not that it was so trivial as to not warrant mentioning.

No Comments

Eventually I started working with peers who knocked some sense into me, and I immediately halved the number of lines of code I produced. At first it was a shock, but soon I realised that clear code is easier to read if there’s just less noise. And this is all (most) comments become: noise. Sometimes they’re accurate, sometimes they’re not. But you can’t rely on them, you always have to assume they might be wrong. So if the code and the comment seem at odds, you assume it’s the comment that’s wrong and not your understanding of the code (naturally you’re infallible!)

Clean Code

Uncle Bob and the notion of clean code have taken “no comments” to an almost fanatical zeal. But every time I get into an argument with someone about how maybe this time a comment might be justified: Ctrl-Alt-M, enter your comment as the method name and it makes the code more obvious. Every. Damned. Time.

However, the trouble with a zealous argument like this is it gets taken up by asshats and lazy people. It’s too easy to say “if you’d read Clean Coder you’d know you don’t need comments. Quit living in the past, grandpa!”. Uh huh. But your code is still a muddled pile of indecipherable crap. At least with comments there’d be some signposts while I wade through your steaming mess.

Some Comments

The truth is: sometimes comments do help (squeal clean code weenies, squeal!) There are some cases where extracting a method name isn’t sufficient. Sometimes having 20 one line methods in my class does not make it easier to read. The end goal is to produce understandable code. Generally, naming things properly helps. Adding comments that get stale does not. But that doesn’t mean that writing crap code and not commenting is the answer. Don’t use “no comments” as an excuse to leave your code indecipherable by human beings.

For example, sometimes you need to document why you didn’t do something. Maybe there’s a standard way of converting between currencies in your application – which this one time you’ve deliberately not used. A comment here might help future people not refactor away your deliberate choice (even better is baking your decision into a design – some class structure that makes it really obvious). Sometimes a method name really doesn’t do a line of code justice, it’s better to be seen in the context of the lines before and after it – but it really needs some explanation of what you’re doing. This is particularly true when dealing with complex algorithms or mathematical formulae.

Getting the Balance Right

How do you get the balance right? Well, your goal is to make code that other people can understand. The best way to get feedback on that is to ask someone. Either have explicit code reviews or pair program. If another human being has read your code and they could understand it – there’s a better than average chance that most other capable people will be able to read it too.

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3 thoughts on “Are comments always wrong?”

siom79

As far as I remember Uncle Bob’s writings, he also agrees to comments that add a value to the code that would not be possible to express with the code itself. For example you can comment why a business requirement forces you to do something or why you have done it this way and not the other maybe more obvious way.

I follow the advice Kent Beck shared almost 20 years ago in his Smalltalk patterns book. He suggests there should be between 0 and 1% of the codebase commented. When given a choice I would always look for improving the code and not adding comments. Over the years this has helped me write more readable code. The most interesting question remains about evaluating the readability of the code.