December 7, 1997
Second Sunday in Advent
Bethlehem Baptist Church
John Piper, Pastor

THE LORD'S SUPPER AS WORSHIP
(1 Corinthians 11:17-34)

But in giving this instruction, I do not praise you, because you come
together
not for the better but for the worse. 18 For, in the first place, when
you
come together as a church, I hear that divisions exist among you; and
in part
I believe it. 19 For there must also be factions among you, so that
those who
are approved may become evident among you. 20 Therefore when you meet
together, it is not to eat the Lord's Supper, 21 for in your eating
each one
takes his own supper first; and one is hungry and another is drunk.
22 What!
Do you not have houses in which to eat and drink? Or do you despise
the church
of God and shame those who have nothing? What shall I say to you? Shall
I
praise you? In this I will not praise you. 23 For I received from the
Lord
that which I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus in the night
in which
He was betrayed took bread; 24 and when He had given thanks, He broke
it and
said, "This is My body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of
Me." 25 In
the same way He took the cup also after supper, saying, "This cup is
the new
covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance
of
Me." 26 For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim
the
Lord's death until He comes.

27 Therefore whoever eats the bread or
drinks the
cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner, shall be guilty of the body
and the
blood of the Lord. 28 But a man must examine himself, and in so doing
he is to
eat of the bread and drink of the cup. 29 For he who eats and drinks,
eats and
drinks judgment to himself if he does not judge the body rightly. 30
For this
reason many among you are weak and sick, and a number sleep. 31 But
if we
judged ourselves rightly, we would not be judged. 32 But when we are
judged,
we are disciplined by the Lord so that we will not be condemned along
with the
world. 33 So then, my brethren, when you come together to eat, wait
for one
another. 34 If anyone is hungry, let him eat at home, so that you will
not
come together for judgment. The remaining matters I will arrange when
I come.

"Worship" is not Just What Happens on Sunday

It is fitting in a series on worship that we deal with the place and
meaning
of the Lord's Supper in worship. This is true even though the eating
of the
Lord's supper is never called "worship" in the New Testament, and the
gathering of the church where it happens is never called "worship"
in the New
Testament.

The point of stressing this is to break us of the habit of equating
worship
mainly with what happens here on Sunday morning. This is worship. We
should
perhaps call it "congregational worship" or "corporate worship." Because
if we
fall into the habit of equating this with the worship of the church,
we will
miss the new and radical point of the New Testament: namely, that worship
is
driven into the heart as a matter of spirit and truth, and out from
the heart,
worship flows in all of life, not just in "worship services."

The Essence of Worship
The essence of worship is the inner experience of treasuring the true
beauty
and worth of God. And the outward forms of worship are the acts
that show how
much we treasure the beauty and worth of God. Therefore God created
all of
life as worship because he has told us, "whether you eat or drink
or whatever
you do, do all to the glory of God" (1 Corinthians 10:31). Do
everything you
do in a way that expresses your treasuring of God.

Now in the gathered (or "corporate") life of the church, one of the
external
acts of treasuring Christ that we should do is the Lord's Supper. You
can see
this in 1 Corinthians 11:18, 20: "For, in the first place, when you
come
together as a church . . . Therefore when you meet together, it is
not to eat
the Lord's Supper . . ." And he goes on to criticize the way they are
making a
mockery of the Lord's Supper by gorging themselves and even getting
drunk on
their own food at the church gathering. So he tells them in verse
22 to eat
at home.

The implication is that "when you come together as a church" the spirit
and
demeanor of the gathering should be one of focus on the Lord and sensitivity
to the needs of others, not careless eating and drinking. This
is one of the
reasons that the way we do the Lord's Supper is so lean. Paul really
did
distinguish it from the eating and drinking we do for our ordinary
needs.
Verse 22: "What! Do you not have houses in which to eat and drink?"

So we learn that the "Lord's Supper" (notice, that is what it is called
in
verse 20) is something that is to happen in the gathered church, within
the
congregational life of the church. And it is something different from
other
meals that we eat at home to meet our physical needs.

So the question for us is: If the Lord's Supper is worship, how does
it
express our inner treasuring of Christ's beauty and worth? Let me mention
three things from the text. We express the value of Christ by "remembering,"
by "proclaiming," and by "nourishing."

Reminding

First, the Lord's Supper expresses the value of Christ by reminding
us of him.
Notice the word "remembrance" twice. Once in relation to the
bread in verse
24 and once in relation to the cup in verse 25. Begin reading in verse
23
where Paul gives the words of the Lord on the institution of the Supper:

For I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to you, that
the Lord
Jesus in the night in which He was betrayed took bread; (24) and when
He had
given thanks, He broke it and said, "This is My body, which is for
you; do
this in remembrance of Me." (25) In the same way He took the cup also
after
supper, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this,
as often
as you drink it, in remembrance of Me."

In other words, Christ gave us this simple "Lord's Supper" to help us
keep him
in memory, especially his blood and body given up in death. This
is worship
if in the doing of it there is an authentic heart experience which
says: "We
must remember him because he is the most valuable Person in the universe.
We
must remember his death because it is the most important death in history."
Setting out this tangible reminder of Christ time after time in the
life of
the church will be worship if our hearts feel the preciousness of remembering
Christ and tremble at the prospect of forgetting him.

Proclaiming

Second, the Lord's Supper expresses the value of Christ by proclaiming
his
death. Verse 26: "For as often as you eat this bread and drink the
cup, you
proclaim the Lord's death until He comes." If "remembering" means calling
to
mind what Christ did by his death, then "proclaiming" means calling
to each
other what Christ did by his death. This is the normal movement of
worship:
the preciousness of Christ presses itself on our memory, and then that
inner
remembering breaks out in proclaiming the worth of what we remember.
If you
really value something that is relevant for others as well as yourself
- if it
moves you and delights you - you will speak of it. You will declare
it. So the
Lord's Supper is worship if in doing it there is an authentic heart
experience
which says: this death and all it achieved is so valuable that it must
not
only be remembered; it must be proclaimed."

These two meanings of the Lord's Supper support each other. Remembering
enables us to proclaim, since you can't proclaim what you don't remember.
And
proclaiming helps us remember, because not everyone remembers at the
same time
and with the same intensity, and we need his death to be proclaimed
with word
and bread and cup lest we forget the preciousness of his death.

Being Nourished

Finally, the Lord's Supper expresses the value of Christ by nourishing
our
life in Christ. If we come to Christ over and over and say, "By this,
O
Christ, I feed on you. By this, O Jesus Christ, I nourish my
life in you. By
this I share in all the grace you bought for me with your own blood
and body"
(1 Corinthians 10:16) - if we come to Christ over and over with this
longing
and this conviction in our heart: that here he nourishes us by faith,
then the
Lord's Supper will be a deep and wonderful act of worship. Nothing
shows the
worth and preciousness of Christ so much as when we come to him to
feed our
hungry souls.

Where do we see this in the text? We see it in the fact that the
Lord's
Supper is a supper. We are eating and drinking. Why are we eating and
drinking? Eating and drinking are for nourishing and sustaining life.
And here
Jesus tells us that the bread we are eating is his body, and the cup
we are
drinking is the new covenant in his blood. So the eating and drinking
are no
ordinary eating and drinking. The nourishment that is in the Lord's
Supper
comes not from bread and wine (or juice). Paul already said in
verse 22 that
we should take care of our bodily needs by eating at home before we
come.
This supper is not about physical nourishment. It is about spiritual
nourishment.

Roman Catholic View

How does this work? Roman Catholics speak of transubstantiation and
teach
that, at the consecration by the priest, the bread and wine are actually
and
miraculously transformed into the literal body and blood of Jesus.
Eating this
transubstantiated bread and drinking this transubstantiated wine brings
saving
grace to the soul.

Lutheran View

Lutherans speak of consubstantiation and teach that the bread and wine
don't
cease to be bread and wine, but that the real, literal presence of
the
physical body and blood of Christ is present along with the natural
elements
when they are consecrated in worship.

Reformed View

Our view (call it the Reformed view) is that the bread and wine are
emblems or
symbols of the real, literal body of Christ that was crucified in history
and
today is in heaven at the Father's right hand. But we believe that
there is a
real feeding on Christ spiritually by faith - not on his physical body,
but on
his real, spiritual presence. And even though a believer can nourish
himself
any time and anywhere on the presence of Christ in his word, there
is a
special nourishing offered in eating the Lord's Supper and hearing
the
preaching of God's word.

Luther Versus Zwingli - John 6

The place to see this most clearly perhaps is in John 6. Here is where
Martin
Luther and Ulrich Zwingli locked horns at the Marburg Colloquy in 1529.
Luther quoted verse 53, "So Jesus said to them, 'Truly, truly, I say
to you,
unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink His blood, you
have no
life in yourselves.'" And then he would quote 1 Corinthians 11:24,
"This is my
body," and he even wrote it with chalk on the big conference table
during the
debate.

His claim was that we are tampering with the Word of God to say that
"This is
my body" means "This symbolizes my body." He would go back to John
6:53 - we
must "eat the flesh of the Son of Man!"
But Zwingli, on the other hand, who took the view that we embrace, pointed
to
John 6:63 as an explanation of Jesus' words. There Jesus said, "It
is the
Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing; the words that I
have spoken
to you are spirit and are life." He became exasperated at Luther's
repetition
of "This is my body," and said, "I remain firm at this text, 'The flesh
profits nothing.' I shall oblige you to return to it. You will
have to sing a
different tune with me" (Reformers in Profile, ed. B.A. Gerrish, p.
139).

We believe that Zwingli was closer to the truth here. "It is the Spirit
who
gives life; the flesh profits nothing; the words that I have spoken
to you are
spirit and are life." In other words, when Jesus said in John 6:53
that we
must "eat the flesh of the Son of Man," he did not mean to say that
literal
flesh profits anything, even if it were possible. He meant to
say that his
words were spirit and life. We feed on the flesh and blood of Jesus
spiritually, not physically.

One last pointer to this way of seeing the Lord's Supper. In 1
Corinthians
11:25 Paul said, "He took the cup also after supper, saying, 'This
cup is the
new covenant in My blood.' I am not aware of anyone who says that
the cup is
literally the covenant. Nor is the wine in the cup the covenant. The
new
covenant is God's commitment to save to the uttermost those who trust
in
Jesus. The cup of wine (or juice) represents this covenant because
the blood
of Christ bought the covenant for us. It doesn't become this covenant.

So I conclude that, in a few minutes, when we eat the bread and drink
the cup,
we may nourish our souls by faith on the spiritual presence of Christ.
When we
remember and proclaim his death, he manifests himself to us as infinitely
precious. He shows us all that God promises to be for us in Christ.
This is
the food of our souls. With this we are nourished and find strength
to live as
Christians.

The Lord's Supper is worship because it expresses the infinite worth
of Christ. No one is more worthy to be remembered. No one is more
worthy to be
proclaimed. And no one can nourish our souls with eternal life but
Christ. So
let us come and remember, and proclaim and eat.