Reconstruction Era 1865-1877

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Transcript of Reconstruction Era 1865-1877

Three plans for Re-Building or Reconstruction of the South13th Amendment14th Amendment15th AmendmentFreedmen's BureauNegative Outcomes of ReconstructionKu Klux KlanBlack CodesJim Crow1876 Presidential ElectionRECONSTRUCTION1865-1877At First Troops go to the South to protect former slavesReconstruction: Success??Failure??13th - Free the Slaves14th - Citizenships15th - Right to VoteCreated to help former slaves-1. Teach them to read2. Feed them3. Educate them-25 Black Colleges est by 1872Fisk University, Dillard, Virginia UnionHoward University named from Oliver Otis Howardwho was the Director of the Freedman's BureauBlack Codes - laws aimed at holding Blacks from Freedom and keeping slaveryCongress passes The "Civil War AmendmentsLincoln's Plan-"The 10% Plan"1.When 10% of the voters who voted in 1860 election take an oath of allegiance-they could organize a new Government2.Citizens must accept 13th amendment and make an oath of allegiance to the United States3. Members of the Confederate Government, officers of the Confederate army, judges, Congressmen, and military who left their jobs in the union could not regain citizenship.4. Lincoln used the Pocket Veto concerning the Wade Davis Bill-never came into effect-Lincoln thought too harsh.5. Lincoln's view is held by those who might consider themselves-Conservative Republicans-bring the states back into the Union-be more generous and forgiving.Congressional, Radical or Military Reconstruction-is what they did in Congress1. Passed 14th and 15 Amendments2. Divided the South into military zones3. New State Constitutions requiring voting rights laws for former slaves4. Empowered African Americans to run for office and supported education (Freedmans Bureau)

Picture of Charles SumnerJohnson's plan-1. Amnesty for those who took loyalty oath. Not Confederate officers2. Required Southern States to ratify the 13th Amendment -Abolishing Slavery-SC refuses3. All this done when Congress out of session.4. Deny-repudiate all Confederate Debts. Johnson-Undergoes Impeachment-all his programs stalled. Why was it needed?1. The South had literally been destroyeda. No food-thousands starvedB. No governments-no lawc. large percentage of the men dead2. Fears in the north and congress that slavery would continue3. Many in the North believed the South and Southerners should be punishedThe Compromise of 1877Republicans give up Reconstruction for an election

Hayes vs. TildenTilden won the Election-deal to be made.Hayes becomes President - North Ends Reconstruction begins a horrific time for African Americans in the South.Jim Crow-aimed at seperating the races.Black only theatres, churches, businesses and more.This lasts well into the 1960'sThere is problem-Lincoln is deadStarted as a Fraternity by General Nathan Bedford Forrest-this soon turned into a white supremist-murdering-lynching hate group.Abraham LincolnCongress led by Radical Republicanshate the South and believe Southerners are immoralThe President Andrew Johnson is viewed as a SouthernerThey exercise real power with the exception of the President being able to VETO bills out of Congress. Johnson opposes the Congress and The Senate at each step.President Andrew JohnsonOpposes the Radicals has his own plan and is Impeached.The Impeachment of JohnsonImpeachment =indictmentImpeachment brought in the House of Representatives

Tried in the Senate and found innocentEnds the idea of impeachment for political reasons (policy) forever.Only two Presidents ever impeached Johnson and Clinton. Do you know why?40 Acres and a MuleStates were readmitted as theycomplied with Congressional Reconstruction1868Ark, North Carolina, South Carolina, LouisianaAlabama, and Florida1870VirginiaMississippiTexasGeorgiaThe Compromise of 1877"The Compromise with the Devil"1. Removal of all troops from the formerConfederate States. Troops remained only in Louisiana, SC and Florida, but this ended Reconstruction2. The appointment of at least one Southern Demo to Hayes cabinet (Postmaster General)3. Construction of Transcontinental RR using theTexas and Pacific in the South4. Legislation to industrialize the South. This never happened. The North no longer wanted to spend money on the South. Freedman not to be taught to read or write"No person of color shall migrate into and reside in this state, unless, within twenty days after his arrival within the same, he shall enter into a bond with two freeholders as sureties""Servants shall not be absent from the premises without the permission of the master"Servants must assist their masters "in the defense of his own person, family, premises, or property"No person of color could become an artisan, mechanic, or shopkeeper unless he obtained a license from the judge of the district court – a license that could cost $100 or more.Kentucky Jim Crow Laws:Prohibited whites from marrying any Negro or any descendant of any Negro to the third generation inclusive. Penalty: Felony, punishable by imprisonment in the state penitentiary up to five years.School district trustees given right to create separate schools for black children.Railway companies to provide equal but separate accommodations for white and colored passengers. Penalty: Passengers or conductors not complying with the law subject to a fine of $25 or imprisonment for 20 days. Officers and directors of railway companies that fail to comply guilty of a misdemeanor and could be fined between $100 and $500. Law did not apply to streetcars.Slave CodesReconstruction Terms:Scalawag-Southerners who sympathized with Former Slaves, now FreedmanCarpetbagger-Northerner who traveled to the South to take advantage of economics or to help Freedman find education or prosperityPoll Tax-tax to pay if you wanted to voteLiteracy Test-hard test meant to take away the vote for African AmericanGrandfather Clause-If you Grandfather voted in the South you could vote.

Ullyses S. Grant is elected President in 1868-After Andrew Johnson, it is relief. But Grant is no politician. There is graft, corruption and the mishandling of Reconstruction during this time.1. Southerners hate Grant2. Northerners tire from the corruption and the tax money going to the South.3. This leads to the failure of Reconstruction through the Compromise of 1877....awful