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" We will cling to the Pillars of tile Temple of our Liberties, and if it must fall, we will Periss amidst the Ruin.
SlEKINS, DURISOE & CO., Proprie EDGEFIELD, S. C, MARCH 2, 1859. "O- w"--"*
For the Advertiser.
WEAT TEE NORTm WIND SAYS.
-Y-RUT..
List! list! to the voi'e of the bleak North wind!
Ah! list to the tale that it tells,
For it shouts and groans s it whistles by
Over mountains, through valleys and dolls.'
- 0 it tells of suffering, woe and want,
It tells of the freezing poor;
And it sighs and moans out a funeral chant
- As it mournfully sweeps by our door.
It tells sad tales of the land of its birth,
Tales that make one shiver with cold,
Of forms that lie dead on the frozen earth
And faces by anfering made old.
It tells of ships that *ere crushed 'neath the ice,
Of ships that were broken in twain,
Boats wedged between bergs as though held by a vice,
And of brave men who perished In vain.
It tells of the endless polar day,
And the endless polar night;
Of stars that shine in the milky way
Than a fairy grotto morg bight. *
0, it tells of wonderful sights,
That no human hand can traec
On canvas or paper; such days and such nights
As no after scenes ever erase.
Once seen they remain on the mind's eye for o'er,
They remain like a spell or a charm ;
They're recalled with a feeling that 's kindred to fear,
With a sense more of awe than alarm.
Then list to the tale the North wind tolls
Of its native ice-bound coast,
Of the ocean,-the heaves and surges and swells,
Where the boldest and bravest were lost.
Come list to the sorrowful, sorrowful tale,
Told over and over again,
Of ships that have swamped and gone down in the galo
Where no human traces remain.
Ah ! where is the bold brave-hearted Sir John ?
North Wind! come tell me I pray;- '
Does he sleep 'neath the wave ? has he floated on
To the realms of an eternal day?
Doeg he rest 'neath the Ice in those regions of frost?
Shall we ever his history learn I
Is he still mong'st the living? we've mournad him
as lost,
Does he live? will he ever return ?
But the North wind answers me never a word
As it moans and howls on its way;
And such things as it utters were ne'er before hoard,
Such things as the North wind will say.
There are dispensations that we cannot un
derstand, explain, or justify. Their 'design is
shrouded in thick darkness, and the soul quak
ing with dread, must either refer them to - the
Divine Wisdom, or break forth into rebellioi.
They appeal exclusively to faith. We must be
lieve that brightness is behind the cloud. Un
questioning submission produced by the convic
tion that it, is right, because God has done it.
only can save us from doubts, blasphemy and
despair. But all the evils we are called to en
dure do not seem to be at war with the princi
ples of justice. We often realise that the rod is
in the hand of love, and while suffering from
the strokes, we praise and adore. Reason, en
lightened and sanctified, perceives clearly the
justness, the propriety, the necessity of the
affliction. The object aimed at i!Lof such high
importance, that to attain it we regard no duty
impracticable, no difficulty insurmountable, no
pain too severe.
There are other occurrences not embraced in
either of these classes, that have been egregi
ously misinterpreted. They have been made to
give forth false utterances. By an unconscious
act of mental ventriloquism, we have thrown
into tifem the voice of our own thoughtless won
der ; we have listened to the delusive answers,
and failing to recognize it we have fancied that
God had spoken. Events of this description are
very numerous, and as the effects, they are
often so closely and obviously connected with
their causes, that we are surprised at the com
plete separation that is effected between them.
And yet we delight to contemplate them alone,
though when thus isolated they are harsh and
inexplicable. We seem to take an unnatural
pleasure in creating doubts when all is as clear
as the -noon-day. We make the event strange
and terrible, by shrouding it in the cloud of
mystery-and we are content to have the pro
blem we have forced it to propose unsolved, if
we are only allowed the luxury of trembling.
Soles of incredible thinness admit the damp
ness on which the maiden, fresh from the heated
room, is treading. Her teeth chatter so that
she can hardly articulate, and the frosty air
finds easy access through the pores and into the
lungs. It is her last walk beneath the stars.
Everybody is overwhelmed at the mysterious
ness of this providence. We all exclaim-how
sad that one iso young, beautiful and lovely
should be taken away ! It is sad, but it is not
strange. The ground claimed her that night;
she dared it in those paper-soles. Death was
in that icy wind that bhook her delicate frame.
And ypt who connects the shoes and the low
necked dress, and, the insufficient drapery and
the uncovered head, with the sickness of which
she died?
A man deliberately sets to work to and digd
his grave with his knife and fork, After many
years of uncomfortable labor, it is completed.
He~ gorges himself with one more supper, goes
to bed, tosses a-ad snores through a few hours
of h~eavy slumber, then rolls foaming at the
mo~uths into the waiting tomb. We hear the
wails and sobs of the bereaved, and we cry out in
our sympathy, " what a mysterious dispensa
tion!l" l'o draw the mind from the contempla
.tion of the melancholy event, ministers expa
tiate eloquently on the divine mercy, as thtoughi
the grief we are forced to witness ' rjht cause!
us to call this attribute in question. ocietiesI
m parade their stereotyped 'iscrutable;" and
piety looks to the revealmecnts of the great day
when the ways of the Most High shall all be
vindicated..
All this is most absurdly irrelevant. These
words are singularly out of place ; these rellec
tiuns are not suggested by the event. Conon
sense sees no cloud hanging over this sudden
and violent exit into the silent land. It hasi no
ear for the lofty strain about the dark designs
of Providence. It sees no reason in waiting for
an explanation of the visitation, but says out
right and bluntly, that the man died of gluttony.
Having trampled ofi Nature's laws, she- arose in
her might and punished the transgressor. It is
painiful to behold the tears of the mourners, but
does the grief edinstitute the bereavement a. mys
terious dispensation ? Let us be careful, lest in
our pity for the sorrow, we do not impugn the
eternal wisdom and goodness, for there is very
often sin in that ill-used word, Mystery. Those.
.nnper. not Providence, caused the death. The~
In to pervert the blessings of heaven;
to~ tfood into poison; and it is idle and
imp- talk about the strange dealings of
God ch a case. If we sow the wind, we
shou] t to reap the whirlwind. We
must cy' that the laws of nature will be
reve Spld in cheek, or get aside for our
r mmodation ; that miracles will be
save us Irom the legitimate conse
quen. our imprudences or our deliberate
wro -Charleston Courier.
A SLOW STEIMBOAT.
to the' Cincinnati Commercial,
there once a steamboat coming up the Mis
sissip a dark night. and the captain, accor
di- ' e honomd usage," was playing cards
in hall. The mate stepped in:
out of wood-not enough left to
make ater hot enough to shave with."
"A e bell," replied the captain. " Show
a ligh scare some up along the shore."
Ths went out, and the captain went on
with ame. In a few moments the mate
ret
"Fo a yard, sir
Th ni left the table and went out.
"]T1o you sell your wood ?" shoiuted the
Captsii the people at the yard.
"T nd a half"
"t i~ch," said the Captain. " However,
take a or two and look further."
A of cords were taken in, the game
was in the social hall, and the boat
went .
A b our elapsed, when the mate again ap
peald4 .
"OW wood, sir."
iBelha d light-my deal."
The ers were obeyed, and the mate again
annou awood-yard. The Captain went out.
" Vh the price of wood ?"
"TwX, d a half."
" Tooligh, but will take a couple of cords
till we c do better."
Asbe'ea couple of cords were taken in,
and not 0' minftes elapsed before the mate
again a .
s "Ou wood, sir."
"Ring e bell."
" Be take more this time."
"Sho light."
"It's sir ?"
"I aminutes a wood-yard was again
rung up, d the steamer B- went in.
"How you sell your wood ?"
"Two d a half."
"Two~d a half be d- d!'? cried the Cap
tain.
"Wel Captain," answered the woodman,
wewi t it to you this time at two and a
quarter, :this makes the third timc you have
d> us to-night."
The C 'n had nothing to say, but tWok the
wooi, gotquickly out of that stiff current,
whiai t t-was unable'to stem.
Tte was so " solemnly slow" that the
Ca ~' f used to sa 5.that she must have
oa newspapers once said made the
trip ew Orleans to Lou6ville in six days
and-fo eeks.
CHIC -'IxIN;.--Everybody knows that
Peter S E-.q., was an exteinsive contribu
tor to late poultry show, but everybody
didn't w that he raised the line breed of
olinde.that attracted so muca attention.
Our fred Jones, however, learned the fact, and
so grenit his confidence in the purity of the
tock m the-well known integrity of the gen
lean yho raised them, that he immediately
pu *a pair at seven dollars each. Ai the
xhibi closed that evening, and he feared
that he ght lose his prize, or at least not get
the paithe selected, unless lie took them at
once, all it being too late to send them out to
his plaoN he dispatched thema to the Atbion,
with th following note to Major Barton :
" D4 Major: As I am too late to go out
onie t&night, I send you a pair of fowls, which
please leep for me. I will call in the morning
nd br~.kfast with you, and take thenm.
Yours, JoNES.
As t ey sat at the table next morning dt
reaklt,,the Major remarked, ashe helped Jones
for the jeoond time to broiled chicken, that it
as vgrfine.
"(laj !" said Jones, " but then you've a
~oj a prize."
"Ye~ but good cooking is no use without
pod tasa and I always get the best," said
a act, rejoined Jones, as he cleared
his thniat of a large mouthful, " but where the
-l diynget such fine chickens as these ?"
" W rdo I get them ? Why, didn't you
send thaip ast night ?" asked the Major.
Jons'dropped his knife and fork-his break
last Wafffished, and to this day he persists in
eclari~ that chickens at fourteen dallars a pair
are to, heaty food for his stomnack.-Carpet3Bag.
A Ili Fuanow.-Judge Coalter, of Vir
~inia,Jve first 'appointed to the bench, had
juiaaton over one of the mountain counties.
The e~rit was made up of many wild and
unruly fellows. One of the Judge's first acts
was tciimpose a heavy fine, by way of example,
upon rgh .a d .hardy backwoodsman, for
isordy conduct.. As the man was leaving
the eorocom ia charge of an officer, he ad
res~ the: Judge:
" rname is Coalter, is it not?"
"Wel all I lave to say is, .that you are set
ting yr cuanhed rather too deep for a man who
pIo Ig igew gsund,'
1I1reported that the fellow's wIt saved the
A oass, Aruco-rE.-A Canadian frIend of
itila telling us the other diny how he man
go break a favorite horse of his of one trick,
Lhat' f~ beking~his' halter whenever he was
at in he stable. Our friend placed the
t~iil ia qtiestion in a stable that stood exact
lothe ekige oft a high bluff some thirty feet
bv4the St, Latrence. As usual, so soon as
ek hileft.alone, our pony broke his halter,
bodk&I out of the~stable door, and, as a necessa
Ions5(luece, tumbled heels over head into the
iver disappearing below the surface with the
imets and gravitation of his fall. ie was
nextf seen swimmiing for dear lhfe, and keading
D shbr.' He landed in a dripping condition,
ad tas'easily secured. Doubtless, he ponder
d glvly over thie lesson, for ever afterward
e vermalle this sl htest attempt to break
. h hooh of dealin'g with
br, sm~e~'with nobler amimal', is to
ght theti vith their own .weapons to let them
e pliniged by their own viec.s. If your ponmy
as~ a-rcl of backing, back him a quarter of a
uilej if.he st'eps, tie hitm fast to tuhe place from
welve to twenity-fOur hours without food or
rate, and lie will 'be glad to obey you- when
V ti'ej onritn At leatJour say our
Z"A. soldier was sentenced, for deserting,
hiahis. e.,r -cut off. Arter undergoing the
utl ordeal, he was escorted out of the court
arl' to .the tune Of' "RIb'gue's march." lHe
ienturned, and, in ifock dignity, thus address
lithe musicians: "Gentlemen, I thank you;
From the Charleston Evening News. - -
RE-OPENING THE AFIllCAN SLAVE TRADE.
A pamphlet against the Slave Trade, whici
has lately come to our hand, approaches sc
closely the line of argument which we had pro
posed to ourself, that to save time and labot
we adoig it in the discussion. It was prepared
by Mr. Robert G. Harper, whom we have un
derstood to be the son of the distinguished
Robert Goodloe Harper. Its first portion ii
devoted to the relation of the subject to the
issue of disunion, and to the constitutional ques.
tion on the existing laws; and the last to th<
expediency or general merits of the policy pro.
posed. We coinmence with the latter, and shall
give it entire in five successive extracts, enc
covering distinct heads, which we shall indicate,
The first of these appears to-day, and we ear
nestly recommend its careful study. In due
time we will also give his clear and conclusive
argument in support of the constitutionality
and propiety of the laws against the Slave
Trade. We shall accompany the publicatioE
with a running commentary, furnishing ou
own views.
We have read attentively, and without bias
and with a view to form a just judgment, all
the reports, speeches and essays which have
emanated from the advocates of the Slave Trade
and especially those of Mr. Spratt, who was the
first open and active mover of the question
Their leading characteristic is the entire con
placency with which they beg the whole ques
tion-first asasuming the truth of their deduc
tions and of the premises from which drawn
and then authoritatively dissertating upon them
Yet there is not a single premise, peculiar tc
their side, and necessary to their argument
which is tenable, much less to be admitted.
The side of a cause which can find no sound
and indisputable premises, is necessarily a false
one-it is not as stable as a house built upoil
the sand. The extract published to day anni
hilates some of those urged by Mr. Spratt ir
his Report to the Southern Commercial Con
vention at Montgomery.
To assume as Mr. Spratt does, that because
Slavery exi.its in the United States and is not
an evil but a good, the African Slave Trade is
therefore right and humane, is about analogous
to the assumption that because a man has a
right to eat bread he may properly steal it.
The institution here came down to us, is im
movable and a necessity, has become a part of
our very vitals, and in the course of our civili
zition has been organized and modified into a
mere system of industry, humane in its cbarac
ter, supporting and improving to the negro;
productive to the master and! the South, and
beneficial to the whole world. It does not, as
the Slave Trade, oll'er bounties to stimulate bar
barous wars in Africa for captives, nor induce
treacherous kidnapping, nor consign to torture
and death by confinement and privation, thirty
per cent. of human cargoes in the Middle pas
sage, nor require cruel laws and treatment to
reduce untutored savages to discipline and in
.tDun, nor, over all, force qpuathse- outharn
n Laen-c&i~a.tdn -aj vot ig~oe ~of'en
slaing them. Yet all these evils, these inhu
marities, these outrages, are sought to be justi
fied by the penality which would perpetrate
them, in the name of industry, and, God save
the mark! of Christianiity. Yet although these
advocates can have ni hope of so blunting the
moral sense of tiosse citizens as t-) obtain their
sent to thenm, cmi never effect a repeal of the
laws anll legirimate the trade, can not advance
sound reasons in its favor, even on the score of
dollars and cents policy, they persist in the
insane effort of di.tracting the country upon
all those points! It is our firm belief, founded
upon inquiry and observation, that the Chris
tians and humane of the South would prefer to
abandon the institution of shivery as existing,
than have engrafted upon it what shocks their
every moral convictions and instincts. Yet
these agitators shut their eyes to the probability
that. they are weakening the institution at home,
and increasing the horror of it abroad.
The insidious argument addressed by tbemn to
the non-slaveholdersand poor men of the South,
is met and refuted on one point to-day. The
extract demonstratesi that this class, who most
lv derive their support from their own industry,
iill not be benefited but injured by the im
portation of African negroes. It discusses the
effect upon the wages and profits of Labor, and
presents the injurious disturbance of the rela
tions of labor and capital at the .South.
-0
AN ARGlUMElfl AGAINST THE NMiLCY OF RE
OPENING THlE AFRICAN SLAYE TRADE.
By Robicri G. Harper, Esq.
Published in pamphlet form, at Atlanta, Georgia.]
This brings us to the question of expediency;
r the advantages of the proposed policy, which
doubt not will be more interesting to the gen.
end reader than the discussion of legal and Con
stitutional points..
The Slave Trade is proposed as a means of
heaping slave labor, and increasingthe supply
f it in the South. This, I suppose to be the
hief advantage which is expected to arise from
it. It is said that the number of our negroes
is not equal to the demand for blave labor-that
lands are cheap and laborers few. The high
price of negroes, it is said, evinces the necessity
of a greater amount of slave labor. That the
spply of cheap negroes from the African traffic
would result in a rapid settlement and cultiva
tion of the wild lands of the W~est, and at the
sme tame enable the inhabitants of the old
States, to reclaim the worn lands. That negro
property being rendered cheap, all our people
could become slaveholders, and thu~s the imsti
tutfoon be strengthened, &c., &c.
Labor is like other valuable things in respect
to its being cheap or high in price. It is influ
enced by supply and demand. If a country is
so densely' populated that there I-s a superabun
dant sup~ply of labor, the consequences-is it be
comes cheap. If the laborers are comparatively
ew, the price of labor will be high. The de
and for labomr in the South is great, and con
sequently the price is high. But why is the
demand great ? Because the prsoductiveness of
labor is great. It is not because we are suffer
ing for want of negro labor, that it is high. It
is because -negro labor is productive of high
profits. It is really an evidence of our prosperi
ty. It is anything but an evil to complain of.
And here is the great nmistake that is made by
the advocates of this policy, on this point. They
set out by assumiing, thait the high pirice of ne
groes is a great calamity to be cured and reme
died. They conastanitly clamor for cheap labor
and cheapm negroes. They may as well cry out
against the high price of cotton, and sugar, and
rice. They may as iWell take the ground, that
the land in the countrf is too hi1gb, and that a
general decline in pr-ices of all property is a
great desidcratum to be attained. The price o1
negroes is at an equilibrium with the price of
everything else in the South. To bring down
negoes, is to bring down cotton and land.
The prices of all these go together. When cot
ton is low, negroes and land go low, and every
interest in the South suffers depression in a cor
responding manuner. Tint when cotton is high,
land and negroes are high, and the business of
the country in all its branches flourishes. It is
ADW ida to me. to be crying out against ow
very prosperity. Reduce negro labor-reduce
its productiveness, which is the only way you
can reduce its price-and you bring upon us
universal stagnation. And when you reduce
the price of the negro, you not only effect it, by
reducing his productive value, but at the same
time you bring reduction upon iverything else;
and it reaches in its depreseng effects and
sympathies the wages of the libor of the non
slavebolding inhabitants, thereby involving in
the ruinous result all interests .aud all classes.
The times of distress are when! prices are low;
when negroes bring about half-price, and land
and every oter species of property is low in a
corresponding degree. It is then that all clas
ses suffer, except those whose lsiness flourishes
upon the misfortunes of the pe.le. When was
this discovery made, that low vrices and cheap
labor were the harbingers of prosperity ? Even
in the North, where labor is free, it is anything
else but an evidence.of the piosperity of the
country, that the wages of labor are low. And
yet, that condition of cheapl.labor and low
wages, which is the result of he disproportion
of labor and capital, owing to 'the great density
of their population, is actually- presented as a
proof of prosperity by the a Ivocates of the
African Slave Trade. In tho report of the
Committee, which was read t kthe last South
ern Convention, allusion is made to this subject
in the following words: "1o also is labor
necessary to the value of res intcrests. In
respect of such interests the outh has been
singularly unfortunate.' At the North, mien
step to opulence. The foreign pulatiun pour
ed upon that section has glen progress to
every line of business, and vae to every arti
cle of property. Lands bon it one year, are
worth twice as much the nex and the people
there-as values are such ardund them-have
the comforts of wealth, and th further satisfac
tion of being rigarded as.the inost enterprising
and judicious in exiatence. Iit so with us.
Here there has been no wav of foreign ptiwer
to raise the value of our re ed inteeas. On
the contrary, the wave of l aor is continually
gliding from us, and though o . lator has been
productive, our products 0ab .dant, there are
many of us, in the older seflons, who would
fail to sell estates to-day for as much as we paid
for them in market fifty yeari ago. This state
of things would be altered by the foreign SI-tve
Trade. That would give popj lation, and popu
lation alone would necosarilj advance the val
ue of vested interests. For tween population
and the price of real interes at least, there is
an intimate and necessary 4nnexion. In the
Southern States, where thee are but twelve
persons to the square mile, teo average value is
about six dollars to the acre. In the Northern
States, where there are one hundred to the
square minle, the average value is about fifty
dollars to the acre. In Eng . nd, where there
are three hundred and thirty- ree to the square
mile, the value is about one ndred and seven
ty dollars per acre," &c. " d so it is that an
increase in population gives-a ecessary increase
in the value of real propert and so it is also
cessarijiiicrease in the value of every other m;t-.
ter that becomes the subject of comman want.1
This picture presents in.a strng light the
advanthges of *a den-qe population, and cheap
labor. Thii condition of things-rises froni the
vast disproportion between the vested interests
or the real estate, and the population and- labor.
Nor it is to be observed, that the advantagoi
here spoken of are on the side of the capitalist
-the proprietors of the vested interest-and
not on the side of the wave of population, and
the class of laborers who have contributed so
much to the prosperity of the other cliss. The
proportion of ne hundred people to the square
mile, would give to each, not quite six-and-half
acres of land, if equally divided. The land,
therefore, belongs to a small class of thie popula
tion, and these great advantages are all on their
side. And as the country grows older and
denser in population, that disproportion between
these classes bbcomes greater,, as it is in Eng
land, where there are three hundred and thirty
three people to the square mile, not two acres
to the individual. And labor is still cheaper,
and the value of vested interests greater. This
is prosperity to the small class of proprietors of
the vested interests, but death to the masses of
the people. Fifty dollars an acre, and the price
doubling every year, as this report intimahte, or
one hundred and seventy dollars an acre, may
be an advantage to the fortunate capitalists, but
it is death to the other class. And cheap wages
for the labor of that class whose toil and sweat
extracts its fraits from the soil,'may benefit the
landlord, but it grinds the tenant. This condi
tion of things may enable the capitalists to step
to opulence, but it makes the landless population
step in the other direction. .-Lt heeps them al
the time stepping lower and 'lower, as~ their
wages decrease, and they. realize to their sorrow
the truth of the other faithfull observation of
the writer of .this Report, " that an increase in
the value of real property" also " that an in
crease of cormpetitors will give a necessary
increase in the valuc of every other matter that
becomes the subject <f common want." This is
profoundly true of all the necessary means of
subsistence-food, raiment and shelter from the
pitiless storm. An increase of competitors, in
creases the price of all these, at the same time
the same cause reduces the wages of labor.
The verification of this saying imay be had in
the crowded countries of Europe; and a full
exemplification of the bcnefltssand prosperity
of this state of things may be seen there. The
owners of vested interests step to opulence,
and the people-the masses of te populatio
are reaping the bitter fruits of cheap labor, and
abundant labor, and high value of real ostates,
and the "increasing value of every other ma~t
ter, which is the subject of a comnmon want."
To! them, a policy which ul'ered io enhance that
State of thhigs, would be regardeid In the light
of famine and pestilence. 'It might be addressed
with more favor to the class which eyed the
possession of op~ulence and tested interists, pro
vided the governmenta tinder irhich they lived
were strong enough to protect the landulders
against agrarianism. It is precisely this stt
of things which causes the wave of foreign pop
ulation, which according to the notion of this
Report, has added such blessing. to the North,
to fiow to this country. That. wave is now
making its escape froma an increase of population
and a cheapness of labor. They are flying from
the starvation which these causes have brought
upon them. And the same causes are having
their effect, to a limited degree; in the denser
portions of the North. The population is flow
ing into the North-west, and when all that coun
try wvhich now furnishes a refuge for their sur
plus population shall become tilled up, and shall
itself realize the benefits of high priced lands
and cheap labor, they -will contribute a wave,
which will turn Southward and bring upoii us
the same state of things.
The author of this reportyight have gone a
step farther with his argument-he might have
said that this prosperous conditIon of things, as
he is pleased to consider it at the North, is in
compatible with the existene of Slavery. These
very causes of dense populationand cheap labor
abolished slavery there. .It readered it more
profitable to hire free laborers.'than maintain
slaves. And when that felicitieus type of so
ciety which lie presents for 6ar admiration,
shall exist in the South, he willlInd thut slave
ry will cease to exist. That make'servile sys
tern of dependence 9f labor upon capital which
exists there, will be substituted here, likewise,
in the place of our peculiar institution. The
owner of land will not work slave labor upon it,
if it is more to his interest to employ hirelings.
It is not a little singular to me that these very
results and causes in the North, which have
.confessedly driven slavery from* their limits,
should be held up to Scuthern men for their
admirarion. The " wave of foreign power," as
it is called, which the North have enjoyed, and
-to. which they are welcome, would not have
benefitted the slaveholding South. If it had
come in competition with slave labor here, it
would not have benefitted the owner-of the
slave; nor would it by the same competition
with our native laboring population have! bene.
-fitted them. It might have settled upour lands
and enhanced their value-and it might have
contributed to bring about that more advanced
condition of things so beautifully depicted to
the North; but it could not have benefitted
the institution of slavery by settling and en
hancing the price of lands, and bringing cheap
white labor in competition with it. In the
next place, I have this to observe in reference
to the argument of the Report above quoted.
If it is good for anything at all-if there is any
.soundness in it, and if the contrast drawn be
tween the prosperous condition of that model
state of society in which it is said " the PiOPLE
have the comforts of wealth, and the fortI:er
satisfaction of being regarded as tie most enter
prising and judicious peoo'e in existence," and1
the declining condition of the nnfor timate Soith,
where " niany of us in the older semtions would
fail to sell our estates t,-d:ay for -as much as we
paid foil thom in market lifty years ago," (be
cause we are suffering so for want of negroes,)
is a true contrast, and if it proves anything, it
proves a little too much for the cause of slave
ry. It would go to prove, that of the "two
distinct and antagonistic forms of society which
have met for contest upon the arena of this
Union," the Northern form is superior to the
Southern. I have known these indivious com
parisons to be made, by those who are opposed
to our institutiona, and the difference attributed
by them, not to the fact that we did not have
slaves enough, but that we had any at all; but
I have not known these boastings of their su
perior prosperity to be taken up and confessed
by Southern men, and worked into the argu
ment of a Southern question. If our people
were all to become convinced of the views here
prebented, and should Ill in love with the fas
cinating condition of the North under their
cheap labbr and dense population systems. it
might be difficult to persuade them that relief
was to be fbund in the impo.rtation of liordes of
barbarivus from Africa. As fur me, I repudiate
the comparison utterly. I maintain that South
erii society and Southern prosperity, in all the
material respects here indicated, is not fairly
-presented nor justly constrasted. The income
of our vested interests, as they are called, is not
such as to show that we are declining, nor are
We suffering from the high value of labor. A
of'prosperity, which are to be found in the
South, and which are confessed by this argu
ment, to wit: Productiveness of vested interest$.
high priced labor and high wages of labor, and
cheap lands, is in the most enviable position
that any republican society can ever occupy.
Our hardy agricultural popiglation who can own
the cebcap lands and are attached to the soil,
and whose labor is valuable In the samo propor
tion that other. labor in the country is valuable,
I would not be willing to exchange for the mias
ses of Northern landless laborers, who, by their
cheap labor, contribute to the wealth of the few
who can posess the land. The idea conveyed
in this Report, that our lands would not sell
for as much now as they brought fifty years
ago, and that result would have been avoided
by increased- numbers of slaves, or that it would
now be obviated by an influx of slaves, is a
novel thought. Those very lands have been
worn out by. slave labor, and it would have been
a strange remedy to have doubled the number
of negroes upon them. The truth, on the con
trary, is, that slave labor agriculture has re
quired fresh lands to keep it profitable, and the
character of the products has been such as not
to admit of the same improvement in lands as
other branches of agriculture. Neither could a
cotton State support such a dense population as
those countries have where there 'are 100 and
300 to the square mile, and continue profitably
the culture of cotton or any other article of
Southern export. In autch a state of things, the
consumption cif provisional products would be
so great that it would require the land to be
devoted totbe production of the cereals, as is
the case in the North and Europe. So that the
cotton culture and those brauches of agriculture
to which negro labor is best adapted, would
disappear under the auspices of that halcyon
prospect held out to us in this Report.
But the gmreat mistake in the argument of the
Report, lies in applying the reasoning which is
applicable to free labor at the North to the
slave labor of the South. . Now, if it were ad
mitted for the sake of argument, that dense
population and cheap labor, were really a bles
sing to a nation-that is to the greater number
of the people of a nation where slavery does
not exist-it by no means follows that a dense
slave population and cheap slave labor in the
South would work out similar benefits to the
people of the South. Under the free labor sys
tem of society the "vested interesta" or the
landed estate, is a separate and distinct interest
from the laboring interest. Capital there is one
thing, and labor is another. And as capital can
reduce the wages of labor, it enhances its own
profits. And as labor can enhance its own
wages, It dleer .th~e profits of capital. The
contest Is bet*"nthe capitallst andt the laborer,
and in the language of tis report-"If labor
goea down, thie p'roduc being the sanc, timc sitb.
Ject of Its empldoymecnt nittst go. ny, and, like a
sesaw, the one~ end cannot falhl withotit tile
oth a rlsinmg? This Is flot tery clasical, bt
it nmay be very true whlen applied to the caise
at the N~orthi for thierO the htbor Is dn un end
and the su!;jcec/s of its enitppe,!, or the capi
talist, on the other end. .Anid Wheni the laborei'
goes down, the capitalist goes up, very truly.
But slave labor in the South does not ride upon
one end of the see-saw and the landlord upon
the other end. The slave himself is a considera
ble part of the pioprietor's "vested initerest."'
He see-saws on the same end of the plank with
his master ; and when he goes down, 'his master
goes with him, and the vested interests go too.
If lie were a free laborer working foi- wae he
would get on the othber enud of the plank, and
of course the lower his wages could be reduced
the higher would be the profits of the landlord.
The idea of reducing the value of the laboi of:
a man's negro, and thereby increasing the profits
of his land, is a fallacious conception. T1his ex
hibits thme error into which the distinguished au
thor of the Report fell. It is an error of the
most radical nature. I am persuaded that he
fll into it by applying the logic which is appli
cable to the vested interests of the free soil pr~o
prietor, to the ease of the Southern slaveholder.
Would it benefit the free soil proprietor to re
duce the price of his land? If it would not. it
could not benefit the .Southern proprietor to
reduce the value of that important part of his
capital, his negro labor. Now, just here in tlhs
mistaken conception, begilis sin 'error which:
un thrnog all the reasoning of the author of
I WILL NEVER FOEE THEE.
When I forget thy form and face,
The soft glance of thine eye;
Wh:en I, in memory, cease to trace
The halcyon hours gone by;
When thou couldet change my spirit,'s dream
From sadness to delight,
And clothe with beauty every scene
Whicb else wart dark as night;
Then may the sun forget to rise,
As summer's blue pervade the skies.
When I forget thy soothingvoice,
The rapture of its tone;
The words which made ,oy heart Wjoice,
Responsive to thy own;
The halo which thy love hath shed
Far oer my thorny way,,..
Pervadink still the path I.tread,
Through memory's peerless ray,
When I-forget these let the light
No more dispel the shadd of night.
01TRERINGS.
"WHEN are you going to commence
the pork business?" asked one person of another,
who had a sty in his eye.
"Explain yourself, sir," said the afflicted one.
"Why, I see you have your sty quite ready."
"True," was the reply, "and I've one hog
in my eye now."
E A girl of Irish deswent, but rai- ei in
Vernont, was rebuked by the lady.with whomt
she was living, for her hiteminable propensity
to ask questio.ns. Closing the rebuke, the lady
remarked: "You beat the Jews to ask ques
tions," when, true to nature, the girl replied,
Do the Jews ask many questions ?"
r' A FAiR EXcANGE.-An Irish FCbool
mistreis hones.ly declared:-"It's little they
pays me, an' sure it's mighty little I taches
E " Bi jabers 7" says Patrick, "the divil '
a show has the man who waits till he is kilt be
fore he acts upon the -definsive.'
Er IT is a Chinese maxim, that "for every
man who does not work, and every woman who
is idle,-somebody mut suffer cold or hunger."
All loafers please notice.
" A country editor perpetrates the fol
lowing upon the marriage of a Mr. Husband to
the lady of of his choice:
" This case is the strongest we have known in our life,
The husband's a busband and so Is the wife."
Ej Lady Mary Wortley Montague says,
that the only thing which reconciles her to be.
ing a woman is, that she will never be obliged
to marry one.
gig At the Worchestershire session, in one
case the jury returned the following verdict:
"Guilty, with some little doubt as to whether he
is the man."
5' The blackarber at'Lawrence, XansU,
don't mean no. raz dispect, but den, all de gob
ernors ob dis territory don't stay here but so
short, an' dey run away so fass, an' P'se not
sure dat you be here a monf; an', so, you see, -
I don't know ma ea."
r1"' The oldest piece of furniture is the
multiplication table. It was constructed more
than two thousand years ago and is yet as good
as new.
E A country editor, describing a dance,
at a village ball, said "The gorgeous strings of
glass beads'glistened on the heaving bosoms of
the village belles, like polkhed rubies resting
on the delicate surface of warm apple dumn
plings."
E True: And wherc a man cannot find
money to pay the printer, he can always find -it
to buy whisky, however mean and rifle-killing
said whisky may be. We would like for some
metaphysician to explain this wonderful state
of general alections now prevalent throughout
the land.
EW"A good deacon, at a ennferenco meet
ing in the towna of D-., about thirty miles ..
north of Boston, addressed his auditors one Sab
bath evening as followa: ''My friends, there is
a new doctrine 'going about now a-days. We
are told that all mankind are going to Heaven.
But, my brethren and sisters, we hope for bet..
tar things !".
E" Luzzmn BOLruND, a colored girl, of
Waverly, Tioga county, New York has taken
the platform against Abolition speakers.
E' THE slaver bark Iola de Cuba, ws
sold by the U.niteud States Marshal in Boston,
on the 15th inst., for three thousand three hun
dred and fifty dollars.
$3' Ix one' of his "Mount Vernon Papers,"
Mr. Everett takes occasion to' say. " For my
self, I am no aristocrat. I do not own a quad
ruped larger than a cat, and she is an indifferent
mouser; nor any vehicle, with the exception,
possibly, of a wheelbarrow."
3'* THE Mayor of Richmond has decided
twice, recently, that a dog is not a subject of
larceny in Virginia.
ET Ma. R AR ET, the horse tamer, is nowv
in Russia, on a special invitation from the Em
piror and the Imperial Court.
R$ Ir the eyel are glued together on
waking up, do not f bly open them, but ap
ply the saliva with the finger-It is the speedi
est dilutent in the world--then wash your eyes
and face in warm watr.--Hall's Journal of
Ihealth.
Kyraers oP Nwano EAtrI~wm,-The
New Vork Courier ltdl 1?nrquerer sayss. that at
the tte of the insurrreIn l iyt,, thero wdS
e~ported nmtinititly from the islifid 935378,tOd
of sitgat, 77',000,000 pounds of cauffee andi 7,000,'J
L'00 pounds of' cottonm. lIn 1801 there was ex
ported 1l 500,00)0 poundls of sugar, 4:I,4:0,-:7O --
potmn:ls otr colie, anud 2,480,340 of cot ton. T:a
1826 the snuar crop tmad fallen to 32,864 pounds;
coifee to 32,189,7814, and cotton to 620, 972. Irf
1819 the export of coff'ee was 30,708,843, and
cotton 544,126.
Sugar it will thus bD seen, has disappear'ed
from the articles of export, the fact being what
sugar is used on the island is imported from
Jamaica and the United States. The total
value of the exports in 1789 was 205,000.000
francs, and forty years later it was but83,500,000.
Similar results have altended British West
Inudia emancipation. It is in accordance with
all past experience, that if slavery would be
abolished in Cuba and tihe United States, the
world would have to do without sugar and
cotton.-.Mo. Adv.
Mrm'DENaun AN OJ.D NEGaO TO GET HIM OUT
OF 'rH E wAY.-A!I infirm old negro named
Boyd, was found at Cleveland, Oho, on the
14th, roasting over a blazing lime-kiln. Cir
cumstances indicate that a party of negroes
among whom he lived murdered him to get
him out of the way. The Plaindealer says
these people had become sick of him, as lie had'
no money and was too infirm to steal, and..
they took him while he was helplessbanuk.
gave him a fe~w knocks over thehadtb -.
him on thie kiln. .
that Report. It was this that made him assume
that cheap labor was an advantage to the North,
because it enhanced the interest of the owner
of the soil, anl then a false comparison of cases,
which are not analogous, led him to assume that
cheap labor in the South would be a benefit to
the South. And as dense population, an in
creased number of laborers in the North makes
labor cheap-so the African Slave Trade would
increase our slave population, and of course
make slave labor cheap. That was the process
of his reasoning.
Well, that the African Slave Tradevill cheap
en the labor of the slaves in the South I shall
not only admit, but shall attempt to assist in
proving. But that such a result would be a
benefit to us, T shall utterly deny. That it
would be a benefit to the North and to Europe,
nay, to all the world except the South, I am
ready to concede-but the benefit to them
would be at our expense. It would be like low
wages to the free laborer, a benefit to the em
ployer and to the consumers of the product,
but death to him.
Now, would it be supposed that this Report,
after saying so much about the population and
cheap labor at the North, and after attributing
the prosperity of the North to these causes, and
the less fortunate condition of the South to the
absence of these favorable elements-nay, after
presenting these as the advantages to be reaped
from the Slave Trade, would turn round, and in
the next breath deny that the Slave Trade
would ripince the prie-e of our negroes? The
idea of ieduiction (f negro labor, however, the
author very. nat uirallysupposed would strike the
minds of .lavehiolders unravorably, and a heal
ing argument is ollered to prove that the impor
tation of a cht aper frin of slave labor from Af
rica would not affect the price of our native
slaves. The argument has become quite current
among the advocates of the Slave Trade policy,
and as it is intended to meet a very formidable
ujection, and I can find it in no more authori
tative shape than in this Report, I will quote
the words, and examine into the reasoning : .
"It may, perhaps be objected," says this
document, " to the sufficiency of this argument,
that if the Slave Trade shall furnish labor cheap
er, it will lower the price of slaves, and thus,
therefLire, that it will injure one class of inter
ests as much as it will benefit another. But
this is not the operation. It will give a cheaper
form of slave labor. There can be little doubt
that it will furnish slaves that are competent to
mqany of the under-offices of life at a figure
much below the present range of prices, but
these will not come in competition with the
slaves at present in the country. Tho.;c who
own slaves now will be the first, perhaps, to
buy them. Though not competent to do the
business of educated Mlaves, they will yet be
able, under the direction of educated slaves, to
Jo the business which would else require a bet
ter class of labor, and ,cithout there should be a
reduction in the price of Southern staples, the
trained slaves cannot be less valuable than they
re, and with this. want of them to guide and
~ ~ani i ible that they i may
ez t eerr
ment on that point, and it. is followed. by a la
bored attempt to show that cottton would not
be materially reduced, &c., to which I shall ad.
vert in its proper place.
Now, this argument, if a sound one, has over
atched the objection it was intended to meet,
and it actually results in the conclusion, that
the negroes now in the country maity be rendered
more valuable by becoming the regulators or
>verscers of the imported Slaves. And that
rgument will strike at another very respecta
le class of our Southern people's. interest, the
wcer eers; and it will be neces-ary 'fur the au
thors of this Report to show that it will not
rive then out of their employment, to make
wverscers of the negroes now in the country.
rhey find'themselves just here, in a.very seri
3us difliculty. 1 leave them to settle it the
est way they can, with that useful and respec
table class of our people. But let us suppose,
that the supposition here made would be true
that the imported negroes would be bought
principally by the owners of the native Slaves,
id that the wild negroes would require to be
guided and regulated by the educited negroes
-in the first place, it would hardly be possible
[or the slave-holding planters of the South to
buy enough of the Africans to employ their
present force altogether as overseers. Some
now work fifty hands, some one hundred, and
ome five hundred; it would require a pretty
eavy purchase to employ all these or any con
siderable portion of them as overseers, unless it
should turn out, as it did with the monkeys
who were employed in picking out cotton, and
placed under negro regulators-ten nmonkeys to
he negro-when it was soon ascertained that
it would take at least ten negroes,.and they the
best "educated" of the race, to- regulate one
monkey I And, again, unless these wild slaves
stould be very hard to train and educate, this
ould not remain long, unless it is intended to
keep wild ones enough, freshly imported annu
ally, to keep the native negroes engaged in their
ffices of training and guiding. And, it is to be
mpposed, that after a while these Africans
would become trained, and rise to the higher
coffices of life"-then would the accession to
he number of educated slaves from this source
lave noe tendency to reduce the price of the na
tive negroes?
This whole argument proceeds upon a most
absurd assumption. It assumes that the intro
lction of an inferior and cheaper " form cf
slave labor, will have no tendency to diminish
the demand for the better class of negroes."
Why, if this cheaper class of negroes will an
swer the purposes of the Southern man, he will
af course buy them In preference, If they are
uly t Is an~ argument aginst their importa
tion at all, and If they are capable of |buing
renderecd availablc labor-ra iu the coltonl i'ke
tnd s.ugar p~lantatlunl1 of the SotUth, whlich the
idoates for their intffodnettbe must beliefe,
ir lse they radl'd not desiire themn liimpd'td-I
then, of cot..i thmey *thil stiglily the giuitt de
'i1ar1d for' shie .hboi', ihich, *tith these gentle
ren, is i'cgsi'dedl as so crying a eomplaint in the
90o1th. if they will not suipply that dcman'l,
the-i the remedy they have prescribed will not
aswer the purpose for whichi it is proposed. It
is a most singular contradiction to say, that there
Ls a great demand for an increase of slave labor,
and to propose the re-opening of this traffic for
the supply of that demand, and then tosay that
.t will not diminish the demand, so as to affect
the price of the negroes already in the country.
1his logic refutes itself. It requires no reply
rurther than to state their several positions to
xether, andI let themi destroy themselves. I
dould say, if the imported negroes are valua
ble at all, and cani be bought so cheaply, the
result would be that every planter's interest
would inpell him to buy them in preference to
he higher priced nmtives, particularly when it
is rememibered that that class who would be
the buyers, according to the admission of the
Report, already, possess educated negroes to
' guide" them. Besides, all the money invested
in A fricans would be that much withdrawn from
the market for domestic slaves.
Er Sectarianism is a miserable little short
sighted prejudice. It makes you hate your
eighb>r because he eats his oysters roasted,
when vou take them in the shell.