A standing-room-only crowd
of 300 or more greeted General Wesley K. Clark, U.S. Army (Ret.) when he
entered Kiva Auditorium on October 17 to deliver the 2001 Annual Lecture
sponsored by the Center for the
Study of Force and Diplomacy at Temple
University.

Clark spoke on "America's
Global Strategy" a week after the American military commenced its air campaign
against the Taliban in Afghanistan. An audience that knew Clark as the
Supreme Commander of NATO forces during the air war over Kosovo in 1999,
author of the recent and controversial Waging Modern War: Bosnia, Kosovo,
and the Future of Combat, and CNN's
chief military consultant was surprised to hear him stress the importance
of diplomacy and economic development in America's ongoing war against
terrorism.

___________________________________________________

General Clark addresses
a packed house in Kiva Auditorium. ___________________________________________________

"The solution to terrorism is
not going to be found in bullets," Clark said. "It's not going to be found
in precision ordnance or targeted strikes. It's really going to be found
in changing the conditions. It's going to be found in establishing a global
safety net that starts with security and goes to economic development and
political development and the kinds of modernization which let others enjoy
the fruits of modernization that we as Americans enjoy."

Clark also warned Americans
against thinking they can find security through isolationism or by relying
exclusively on high-tech weaponry. "Our best protection is not going to
build a wall around America," he said. "It's not going to be to create
a missile-defense impenetrable shield. It's going to be, instead, to create
a community of common values and shared responsibilities and shared interests
in which nations and people get along. That really is ultimately the only
protection."

Dr. Richard
H. Immerman, CENFAD's director, booked General Clark to speak at Temple
eight months earlier - a time when few Americans could have imagined that
Osama Bin Laden's Al Qaeda organization was capable of delivering such
devastating blows to some of their country's most important and prominent
structures. The concerns aroused by the terrorist attacks of September
11, 2001, not only filled Kiva Auditorium with an attentive audience, but
charged General Clark's talk with a sense of urgency and vital importance.
Everyone present realized that the lecture was more than just another academic
exercise.

REVIVED SCENFAD VISITS BATTLESHIPU.S.S. NEW JERSEY

The fall 2001 semester witnessed
the rebirth of CENFAD's student auxiliary. With the support and advice
of Dr. Jay B. Lockenour,
one of CENFAD's associate directors, the Student Center for the Study of
Force and Diplomacy was reestablished and rededicated to the study of military
and diplomatic history. Adopting the acronym SCENFAD, the organization
sponsored a field trip to the battleship USS New Jersey, which is
now permanently moored across the Delaware River from Philadelphia at Camden,
New Jersey.

Commissioned on December
7, 1942, the "Jersey" saw action in World War II, Korea, Vietnam,
and the Persian Gulf War. The ship was decommissioned in 1991.

Members of the Student Center for the Study of Force and Diplomacy
pose on the deck of theUSS New Jersey with their guide, a retired U.S. Marine who
once served aboard the battleship.

A retired U.S. Marine who had served aboard the New Jersey led
SCENFAD members on their tour. The students soon realized that they were
tramping up and down what had once been a floating city, as they visited
the quarters for both officers and enlisted personnel, the ship's bridge,
and the control room. Their guide also showed them the ship's armament,
which ranged from the traditional 16-inch and 5-inch guns to Tomahawk missile
launchers. SCENFAD members left the New Jersey with renewed respect
for the United States' most decorated battleship. All participants agreed
that the visit had been a memorable one, and SCENFAD hopes to provide Temple
students with more enriching experiences as they pursue their study of
military and diplomatic history.

CENFAD HOSTS LECTURES ON 9/11 AND WW2

The months since September
2001 have been a busy time for the Center for the Study of Force and Diplomacy.
In addition to hosting General Wesley Clark, CENFAD has sponsored other
special events that attracted large audiences.

In response to the terrorist
attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, Dr. Vladislav
Zubok mobilized some of the leading scholars in Temple's History Department
for a special program titled "Third World Perspectives on the New World
of Terror." A full-capacity audience crammed into Gladfelter 914 on the
afternoon on November 19, 2001, to hear how Osama Bin Laden's escalating
campaign of indiscriminate terror and America's responses are viewed in
various parts of the Third World. With Dr. Zubok serving as moderator,
Dr. Nguyen Thi Dieu
spoke about Southeast Asia, Dr. Arthur
Schmidt spoke about Latin America, Dr. Howard
Spodek spoke about South Asia, Dr. Teshale
Tibebu spoke about Africa, and Dr. Kathy
LeMons Walker spoke about China.

An audience of more than
120 people drawn from the Temple community and greater Philadelphia attended
Dr. Gregory J. W. Urwin's
lecture, "The Trap That Never Snapped: Admiral Kimmel and Wake Island."
The lecture is the first in a series sponsored by CENFAD to mark the sixtieth
anniversary of America's entry into World War II.

CENFAD joined with Temple's
Political Science and History
Departments to sponsor a lecture by Colonel Alan Stolberg, U.S. Army,
on "Post September 11 Europe." Colonel Stolberg is a Foreign Area Specialist
and Military Intelligence officer, who has specialized in policy, strategy,
and politico-military affairs regarding Russia, Eastern Europe, and Western
Europe. He recently completed a tour as Chief, Europe/NATO Division, Plans
and Policy Directorate (J5), U.S. European Command, Stuttgart, Germany.
Stolberg gave an illuminating talk on the factors involved in waging military
operations as part of an international coalition and where various European
countries stand regarding America's current war in Afghanistan.

Colonel Stolberg is scheduled
to join the faculty of the U.S. Army War College this fall as Director
for European Studies. He will be a frequent visitor to the Temple campus
over the next few years, as he has enrolled in the Ph.D. program in Political
Science.

NEWS FROM CENFAD FACULTY

Richard H. Immerman
continues to focus his time and energy on directing the Center for the
Study of Force and Diplomacy and chairing the Department of History. He
did find time to participate in many programs and grant many interviews
about the tragic events of September 11, 2001, their aftermath, and their
implications for contemporary and future U.S. foreign policy and national
security. With the invaluable assistance of Todd Davis and the cooperation
of all of the Center's associates, Immerman redrafted and resubmitted a
proposal for CENFAD to sponsor a series of symposia and then publish a
volume of essays examining the "Effects of Non-Combatant Immunity and Casualty
Aversion on Force and Diplomacy." As made clear in General Wesley's Clark's
Annual Lecture and reinforced by the War in Afghanistan, the salience of
this study is unambiguous. Immerman intends to visit several foundations
in the spring and over the summer to seek additional sources of funding.
Immerman has also begun to work on several long-range scholarly projects
of his own.

Jay B. Lockenour,
celebrated the publication of his first book, Soldiers as Citizens:
Former Wehrmacht Officers in the Federal
Republic of Germany, 1945-1955 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press).
For centuries prior to 1945, the German officer corps constituted a social
and political elite in Central Europe. As Lockenour's book shows, the debacle
of the Second World War, the scorn of the German populace, and the Allied
occupation of West Germany did not entirely diminish the officers' critical
role. By tracing the changing role of the officer corps from its position
in the National Socialist dictatorship to its current status in a Western-style
democracy, Soldiers as Citizens illuminates both the development
of a democratic ideology in the Federal Republic and the influence of warfare
in German society. Lockenour details how former officers in West Germany
founded quasi-legal organizations with memberships numbering in the hundreds
of thousands; how they lobbied the German and Allied governments for their
pensions, waged public relations campaigns to restore their lost "honor,"
and sought input into the rearmament plan after 1950; and how, as officers,
they claimed to speak with the "voice of the soldier" whose wartime experiences
and sacrifices earned him a special place in the new republic. In Lockenour's
analysis, the officer corps provides an enlightening example of a social
group, ravaged by war and defeat, trying to orient itself in a hostile
world. In their alternative model for democracy based on "soldierly" values,
they also give us a clearer, more complex understanding of postwar history.
Soldiers and Citizens not only offers important insights into German
military culture, but it also sheds much light on European political development
in the Cold War era.

Not one to sit on his laurels,
Lockenour presented a paper titled "German War Films of the 1950s and the
Shaping of Public Memory" at the 2001 German Studies Association. The paper
dealt with the "war film wave" that broke over Germany in the mid-late
1950s. Lockenour argues that these war films allowed the German public
adopt a palatable view of war and to accept the Federal Republic's rearmament.

Janice Bially Mattern,
assistant professor of political science, lectured three times to Temple
audiences about the events of September 11, 2001 -- twice on the Main Campus
and once at the Tyler School of Art. She addressed Temple alumni at the
Metropolitan Club in New York City on "In the Line of Fire: Civilians and
Modern War" last January. That same month, Mattern attended an intensive
seminar at the Institute for Qualitative Research Methods at Arizona State
University. During the seminar, she presented a paper called "Transversal
Organized Crime: Re-Articulating Political Space in World Order." At the
end of March, she presented a paper titled "The Difference that Language/Power
Makes: The Case of the Suez Crisis"at the International Studies Association
in New Orleans on March 27. Mattern is also wrapping up work on a book
manuscript, which is tentatively titled "Forcing Order: Identity, Stability,
and Crisis in International Politics."

Mary
A. Procida, assistant professor of history, had her first book,
Married to the Empire: Gender, Politics, and Imperialism in India 1883-1947,
published in January 2002 by Manchester University Press. She has recently
begun work on a new project, tentatively entitled "England Expects Every
Woman to Do Her Duty: Women, War, and the Imperial State," and will present
a paper on the Anglo-Manipuri War of 1891 drawing on that research at the
Middle Atlantic Conference on British Studies.

Gregory J. W. Urwin,
professor of history, had his prize-winning book, Facing Fearful Odds:
The Siege of Wake Island, released in paperback by University of Nebraska
Press. In addition, Urwin signed a contract with University Oklahoma Press
to publish a new paperback edition of a book he originally published in
1983, The United States Cavalry: An Illustrated History. Oklahoma
also published the first book in the Campaigns and Commanders Series (which
Urwin serves as general editor) -- Napoleon and Berlin: The Franco-Prussian
War in North Germany, 1813 by Michael V. Leggiere. Campaigns and Commanders
has a growing list of titles under contract, including a new history of
the First Battle of Bull Run by the prolific Temple Ph.D., Edward G. Longacre.

Following the terrorist attacks
on September 11, Urwin, who recently contributed to a conference and a
collection of essays on homeland defense sponsored by the U.S. Army War
College, has received frequent calls from many media outlets. The sixtieth
anniversary of America's entry into World War II has given reporters another
reason to ring Urwin's telephone. He has been interviewed by the Christian
Science Monitor, Cox News-papers, and newspapers across Pennsylvania
and New Jersey. He published an op-ed piece, "Attacks Show Need for Secondary
Defense," in the Philadelphia Metro. He has been a guest panelist
three times on "It's Your Call," an hour-long call-in show broadcast by
Comcast 8; appeared on news broadcasts on Philadelphia's ABC and CBS affiliates;
and did some radio interviews.

Finally, Urwin is featured
as an on-camera commentator in "Those Who Also Served: The Civilian Construction
Men of Wake Island," an eighty-two minute documentary about the 1,146 employees
of Contractors Pacific Naval Air Bases who were caught on Wake Island at
the outbreak of World War II. "Those Who Also Served" was written and produced
by William F. Kauffman of Aviator Pictures in Santa Monica, California.

GRADUATE STUDENT ACHIEVEMENTS

David Rezelman
continues to work on his dissertation in Norfolk, Virginia. As part
of his fellowship from the Department of
Energy (which was extended for three months), he continues to construct
the DOE Manhattan Project web site. He expects to finish his dissertation
in the summer of 2003 and the web site by May or June of this year. Rezelman
also reviewed Aileen Kilgore Henderson's Stateside Soldier: Life in
the Women's Army Corps, 1944-1945 (Columbia: University of South Carolina
Press, 2001) for H-Minerva.

David J. Ulbrich
published "Henry S. Aurand: Student, Teacher, and Practitioner of U.S.
Army Logistics" as a chapter in The Human Tradition in America between
the Wars, 1920-1945, edited by Donald W. Whisenhunt in the "Human Tradition
in America" series from SR books. This series of classroom readers uses
biography to illuminate important trends in pivotal periods of American
history.

CENFAD SHINES AT 2001 BARNES CONFERENCE

Temple University's graduate
program in history enjoys the support of the Barnes Club, a student organization
dedicated to creating a stronger sense of community among our graduate
students. The Barnes Club provides students with opportunities to network
with their professors and peers, and it provides a forum for students to
discuss their ideas and concerns. The club also represents our students
in presenting issues of special concern to the History Department's Graduate
Council.

One of the Barnes Club's
most important projects is the sponsorship of an annual conference for
graduate students in history, giving them a chance to share their research
with their peers. The Sixth Annual Barnes Club Conference, which was held
on February 23, 2002, was an unqualified success. It featured thirteen
different panels, with presenters representing universities from all over
Pennsylvania, as well as New York, Delaware, North Carolina, and Texas.

Of course, Temple students
played a prominent role in every aspect of the conference. Eleven Temple
students affiliated with the Center for the Study of Force and Diplomacy
gave papers. Those presenters and their titles were:

Britton MacDonald, "The Maple Leaf and the Eagle: Canada, the United
States, and the Early Cold War."

Anthony St. Joseph, "The 1961 Vienna Summit: The Missed Opportunity."

David J. Ulbrich,
"Choosing Themes in World History."

Philip J. Gibbon, "Broad Vistas in World History: The 'Big,' the 'Exceptional,'
and the 'Globalized.'"

Michael E. Weaver, "The Social Composition of Pennsylvania National
Guard Soldiers on the Eve of Mobilization, 1941."

Darren L. Bardell, "Selling Uncle Sam: The U.S. Army's Television Recruitment
Commercials, 1970-1997, and the Evolution of a New Image - in Prime Time."

Harry Franqui, "The Borinqueneers: Dual Nationality and the Creation
of the Free Commonwealth of Puerto Rico."

Stephen Conrad, "The Fortification Board: Bernard, Totten, and the Birth
of the Third System."

Matthew S. Muehlbauer, "Did Indians Really Skulk?: A Reconsideration
of American Indian Warfare in the Colonial Era."

Thomas Nester, "The New Orleans Race Riot, July 30, 1866."

In addition, five students with CENFAD ties -- Richard Grippaldi, Bobby
Wintermute, Ben Cassidy, Ginger R. Davis, and Joseph Seymour -- joined
various panels to comment on the papers presented.

CENFAD ALUM HELPS START HIS OWN WORLD WAR II CENTER

Since earning an M.A. at
Temple University, Paul F. Zigo has carved a niche for himself at Brookdale
Community College in New Jersey. In addition to obtaining appointments
as director of off campus studies and as an adjunct professor of history,
Zigo also helped establish Brookdale's new Center for World War II Studies
and Conflict Resolution.

The center, which Zigo serves
as coordinator, strives to educate Americans about the political, economic,
social, and military aspects of World War II through classroom instruction,
exhibits, educational programs, and web-site informational pages provided
on campus as well as off campus. The center also conducts programs that
foster the concept of conflict resolution without aggression. The center
has launched a World War II studies lecture series that runs each fall
and spring. It has its own cable television show, "Triumphant Spirit: America's
World War II Generation Speaks," which features interviews with veterans
of the war and those who experienced life on the home front. Finally, the
center will sponsor a New Jersey Youth Summit on Peacekeeping for approximately
300 senior high school students in March 2003.

Zigo hopes to establish a
partnership between Temple's Center for the Study of Force and Diplomacy
and Brookdale's Center for World War II Studies and Conflict Resolution
on programs of mutual interest sometime in the future.

NEWS
FROM THE DIRECTORRichard
H. Immerman

We live in a difficult time.
The death tolls continue to rise in Afghanistan, in the Middle East, seemingly
everywhere in
Africa. Sometimes we call the conflicts that cause these deaths
wars; sometimes we call them something else. Sometimes we call those who
are killed combatants; sometimes we call them civilians; sometimes we call
them something else. We live in a difficult time; we live in a confusing
time; we live in a time of uncertainty and danger.

Throughout the weeks and
months since the publication of the last
issue of Strategic Visions, our colleagues and students at Temple,
representatives from the media, civic organizations, principals at area
schools, and many others have frequently asked those of us associated with
the Center for the Study of Force and Diplomacy to provide explanations
for what is occurring and even to predict what is likely to occur in the
future. In virtually all cases we have obliged. Personally, I have found
most of these experiences enjoyable--and for the most part intellectually
stimulating. During the majority of my interviews someone asked at least
one question that forced me to think about something I had not thought
about before. Such challenges are the lifeblood of academic life.

What worries and troubles
me, however, is that many of those with whom I speak, older as well as
younger in age, appear so innocent, for lack of a better word. It's almost
as if only after September 11 did they decide that global events, even
those that directly involved or affected American personnel and interests,
and even those that produced large numbers of casualties, warranted attention.
Frequently I am asked whether the United States, and the world, have embarked
on a new era. My response is that it is premature for me to say for certain,
and then I list the variables. But I keep wondering to myself whether these
questioners can identify the components of the "old" era, or old eras.
"Those" were also difficult times, confusing times, uncertain and dangerous
times. Why am I being asked now and not before?

No doubt my discomfort is
the product, at least to an extent, of previous wounds. Over the past decades,
the academic community especially has progressively exiled military history,
diplomatic history, and indeed the study of international relations to
the periphery of its universe. Only during times of crisis, it sometimes
appeared, were we embraced. I always thought that unfortunate -- and I
like to think not primarily for personal reasons. I never doubted that
we had much to offer all audiences. What makes Temple unusual, particularly
but not exclusively its College of Liberal Arts, is that as a community
it agreed -- and embraced our interests and concerns. The College promoted
the Center for the Study of Force and Diplomacy long before September 11,
2001. That it did makes me proud as well as pleased to be affiliated with
Temple. That I direct the Center for the Study of Force and Diplomacy makes
me that much prouder.

In these pages you will learn
of the many activities of our associates and students -- as well as their
accomplishments and research agendas. And as we achieve, we grow. Indeed,
CENFAD can now boast of its newest Research Associate Professor Mary
Procida. A colleague in the History Department, Professor Procida recently
published Married to Empire: Gender, Politics, and Imperialism in India,
1883-1947. Her current project is tentatively entitled, "England Expects
Every Woman to Do Her Duty: Women, War, and the Imperial State," and she
has also agreed to contribute an essay to our project on Non-Combatant
Immunity and Casualty Aversion that examines how ideas about masculinity
and femininity influence the way soldiers, strategists, and policy-makers
define noncombatant status. Our embarrassment of riches has become richer.

MARRIED TO THE EMPIRE: A CLOSER LOOK

The publication of Dr. Mary
A. Procida's first book, Married to the Empire: Gender, Politics,
and Imperialism in India, 1883-1947, by Manchester University Press
is worthy of more than just passing notice. Publishing one's first book
is always a landmark in the life of a professional historian. In most cases,
that work is a revised version of the author's doctoral dissertation. Its
publication signifies that the author's research and writing has attained
a level higher than the minimum necessary to earn a Ph.D. Many dissertations
never get published. Those that do have to impress the editors of academic
presses with both their scholarly merit and market appeal. They also have
to be approved by the expert readers who university presses hire to vet
their manuscripts.

In Married to the Empire, Procida provides a new approach to
the growing history of women and empire by situating women at the center
of the practices and policies of British imperialism. Rebutting interpretations
that have marginalized women in the empire, this book demonstrates that
women were crucial to establishing and sustaining the British Raj in India
from the "High Noon" of imperialism in the late-nineteenth century through
to Indian independence in 1947.

The book is divided into three parts and seven chapters:

Part One - Domesticity
1. Married to the Empire
2. Home Is Where the Empire Is
3. Servants of Empire

Part Two - Violence
4. Re-writing the Mutiny
5. Good Sports

Part Three - Race
6. Imperial Femininity and the Uplift of Indian Women
7. Women, Men, and Imperial Power

Barbara Bush of Staffordshire University praises Married to the Empire
as "a fascinating and fluently written narrative of Anglo-India, making
a lively and perceptive contribution to the burgeoning academic literature
on gender and empire."

Procida is an assistant professor in Temple
University's History Department.
She not only holds a Ph.D. in history from the University of Pennsylvania,
she also has a J.D. from the Harvard Law School. Procida worked for eight
years as a tax attorney for several Wall Street law firms and as a legal
personnel director before she saw the light and enrolled at the University
of Pennsylvania to pursue her doctorate in history. In addition to being
one of CENFAD's research associate professors, she is an affiliated professor
of Women's Studies, and the History Department's pre-law adviser.

When asked to describe her research interests, Procida replied: "British
history has been transformed over the past ten years or so by a growing
awareness that the British empire, as embodied by the colonized peoples
and colonial settlers of Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Australia, the Pacific
and North America, played a critical role in shaping the history of modern
Britain. My own work in this area has focused on the British in India examining,
in particular, the roles British women played in establishing and maintaining
imperial rule in India and the ways in which ideas about masculinity and
femininity shaped British imperialism."

Some of the projects Procida hopes to tackle in the future include the
exploration of cultural contacts between the British and the colonized
peoples of the empire through the concept of "going native," and an examination,
from a gendered perspective, of the uses of physical and military force
and violence in controlling the British empire.

JEFF BOWER ENDOWS GRADUATE RESEARCH FUND

Jeffrey K. Bower (CLA, '81), a former history major and current member
of CENFAD's Board of Advisers, has demonstrated his gratitude for his Temple
education and his confidence in and commitment to the Center's future.

Mr. Bower, chief of the eBusiness Program for the Defense
Energy Support Center, Defense Logistics
Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, has generously endowed the Center for
the Study of Force and Diplomacy's first graduate student research fund.
The Jeffrey K. Bower Endowed Graduate Research Fund in History will support
dissertation research congruent with the mission of the Center
for the Study of Force and Diplomacy. A CENFAD faculty committee will
award the fellowship annually.

The CENFAD community is proud to acknowledge its debt to Mr. Bower and
pledges to repay it by continued excellence.

DR. URWIN'S LITTLE WARS

Anyone who visits the home
of Dr. Russell F.
Weigley knows that CENFAD's co-founder, distinguished university professor
emeritus, and one of the world's premier military historians is also an
avid collector of toy soldiers. Since joining Temple's History Department
following Weigley's retirement, Dr. Gregory
J. W. Urwin has begun collecting formidable miniature armies of his
own. Two years ago, Urwin became a historical consultant for the William
Britain Company, which has been producing military miniatures in London
since 1893. Britain miniatures are prized by collectors worldwide, and
the company's line has specialized in memorializing the regiments that
built the British Empire. American tourists have seen the firm's little
Guardsmen, Beefeaters, and Bobbies adorning the shelves of every gift shop
in London.

A few years ago, this British
cultural icon was purchased by an American company, Ertl Collectibles in
Dyersville, Iowa. Urwin came to the attention of the company's management
during a book tour in eastern Iowa in March 2000, and he was invited to
become a consultant later that year. His services involve helping to select
the units to be depicted in the company's American Revolution, Napoleonic
Wars, American Civil War, and World War II lines. He also writes the short
historical essays that accompany each set.

Some of the toy soldiers
that Urwin designed were released this year. They reflect his interest
in black involvement in the American Civil War, the British Army of the
American Revolution, and Philadelphia history. Five figures depict Colonel
Robert Gould Shaw and four black enlisted men from the 54th
Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, the Union Army's most celebrated African-American
regiment. As a consultant for the film Glory, Urwin was able to
provide Britain's artists and sculptors with information on the 54th's
uniforms and colors, and he also donned a reproduction Civil War uniform
to pose for the Shaw figure.

To mark the 225th
anniversary of the Revolutionary War's Battle of Germantown, Urwin had
Britain issue sets depicting the light infantry company of the British
40th Regiment of Foot and the 3rd New Jersey Regiment.
To commemorate the 225th anniversary of Saratoga, Urwin researched
sets depicting the 62nd Regiment of Foot and the 2nd
Massachusetts Regiment. Urwin insisted that the 40th and 62nd
Foot sets show how the British Army adapted to campaign conditions in North
America. The uniforms worn by these figures are not based on peacetime
regulations, but on what the Redcoats actually wore as documented by British
orderly books and contemporary illustrations produced by Xavier Della Gatta
and Friedrich von Germann. The clothing on the American figures was reconstructed
from deserter reports in colonial newspapers.

As part of his reward for
this work, Urwin receives many samples from the William Britain inventory.
While he has a long way to go before his collection equals the size of
Russell Weigley's, he has made a strong start. This is one arms race that
should not result in any dangerous consequences.

Strategic Visions: Newsletter of the Center for the
Study of Force and Diplomacy at Temple University.

Editor: Gregory J.
W. Urwin

Co-Editor of Internet Edition: David
Rezelman

Contributors: Richard
H. Immerman, Jamie Orose

Strategic Visions is published twice a year by the Center
for the Study of Force and Diplomacy, Department
of History, Temple University.
CENFAD was founded in 1992 by Drs. Russell
F. Weigley and Richard H. Immerman. The Center promotes research and
sponsors programs designed to construct new theories of statecraft and
illuminate the process whereby force and diplomacy are orchestrated to
produce peace and security. Address all comments, news, and other correspondence
to the editor, Gregory J. W. Urwin, Department of History, Temple University,
Gladfelter Hall (025-24), Philadelphia, PA 19122. Phone: 215- 204-3809.