Alzheimer's: Managing sleep problems

Sleep problems and Alzheimer's disease often go hand in hand. Understand what contributes to sleep problems in Alzheimer's — and what you can do to promote a good night's sleep.

Why sleep problems are so common

Many older adults have problems sleeping, but people who have Alzheimer's often have an even harder time. Alzheimer's might reverse a person's sleep-wake cycle, causing daytime drowsiness and nighttime restlessness. These sleep disturbances often increase as Alzheimer's progresses. Eventually, round-the-clock naps might replace deep, restorative nighttime sleep.

Sometimes other health problems affect sleep as well, such as:

Obstructive sleep apnea, which happens when throat muscles relax during sleep and obstruct airflow through the nose and throat

Restless legs syndrome, a condition that causes discomfort when sitting or lying down, which can make it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep

Depression

How to promote a good night's sleep

Sleep disturbances can take a toll on both you and your loved one. To promote better sleep:

Think light. Exposing your loved one to a few hours of bright sunlight in the morning might improve his or her sleep at night. Light therapy with a specialized light box might be helpful, too.

Avoid caffeine and alcohol. Caffeine in soda, tea, coffee or other products might contribute to sleeplessness, and alcohol can contribute to confusion and anxiety. If your loved one insists on having a drink, offer a soft drink in a familiar cocktail glass or serve nonalcoholic beer or wine.

Manage medications. Find out what time of day your loved one should take his or her medications — morning for drugs that have a stimulating effect, and evening for drugs that make your loved one sleepy. Note that sleeping pills are generally discouraged for people who have Alzheimer's. These drugs can increase confusion and the risk of falls.

Encourage physical activity. Plan your loved one's days to include walks and other physical activities, which can help promote better sleep at night.

Limit daytime sleep. If your loved one needs a nap, make sure it's short and not too late in the day. Have your loved one nap on the couch or in a recliner rather than in bed. If you think staying in bed too long in the morning contributes to nighttime wakefulness, wake your loved one earlier.

Establish a bedtime routine. Encourage a regular bedtime. Aim to limit late-day stress and distractions, such as loud music. It's also important to create an appealing place for sleeping. Make sure the temperature in your loved one's bedroom is comfortable. Turn on a night light. Place security objects, such as a favorite blanket, within easy reach.

Treat underlying conditions. If you suspect that an underlying condition — such as sleep apnea, depression or pain — is interfering with your loved one's sleep, consult his or her doctor. Treatment might lead to more restful sleep for everyone.

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