Examples

Mesocosm studies by Beisner et al. [34], which investigated the influence of increasing temperature and food chain length on plankton predator – prey dynamics, showed that the predator – prey system is destabilized at higher temperatures (i.e., the macrozooplankton herbivore Daphnia pulex always became extinct), irrespective of the complexity of the food web (i.e., whether a two - or three-level food web was involved).