1.
William Aalto
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William Eric Aalto was born in the United States. He was a member of the communist party, and he joined the Abraham Lincoln Battalion, William Eric Aalto, of Finnish extraction, was born in the Bronx, New York on July 30,1915. His mother, a militant member of the Finnish Communist Party, had fled to the United States due to her political beliefs. She enrolled in the local communist party, educating her son with Marxist ideology, after leaving school, he worked as a truck driver and was a member of the Young Communist League. Aalto arrived in Spain on February 17,1937, joining the other International Brigades at Albacete, in March 1937 he joined the Spanish Communist Party. During the war, he volunteered for dangerous guerrilla operations which frequently required him to work behind enemy lines for up to weeks at a time, one of their objectives was the destruction of the main supply bridge spanning the Albarracín River. The operation may have been the inspiration for Ernest Hemingways novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, at the end of 1937, Aalto took part in the Battle of Teruel, working behind enemy lines again with Kunslich, Goff and Spanish guerrillas. This raid constitutes the only operation of its kind undertaken by the Spanish army. In September 1938, with a Republican defeat in sight, the Abraham Lincoln Battalion was withdrawn from the front line, William Aalto returned to the United States. During his time in Spain, Aalto wrote, A soldier who is conscious that he is right. In 1941, Aaltos former comrade-in-arms, Irving Goff, recommended him for recruitment to the Office of Strategic Services, at this time, Aalto confessed to Goff that he was a homosexual. Goff and other OSS Lincoln veterans reported the fact to the head, General William Donovan. In 1942, Aalto was transferred to a camp at Camp Ritchie. In September 1943, while training soldiers in demolition work, Aalto saw someone drop a live grenade, before he could throw it away, the bomb exploded, severing his arm at the wrist. With the help of his disability pension and the G. I, bill, he returned to further his education, studying poetry at Columbia University. At this time, he published several pieces of his writings in the New Masses, after his betrayal by the OSS Lincoln veterans, Aalto drifted away from contact with the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. Aalto then travelled to Europe, where he met the poet W. H. Auden, though sharing the company of other poets, Aalto now wrote little and tended towards alcoholism, frequently becoming violent. Toward the end of his life, he was poet James Schuylers lover, William Aalto died of leukemia in June 1958, and was buried in Long Island National Cemetery

2.
David Abbott (magician)
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David Phelps Abbott was a magician, author and inventor who created such effects as the floating ball, later made famous by Okito. The best known of his books is Behind the Scenes with the Mediums considered to be one of the best exposures of the used by mediums. One exposure being the portrait paintings by the Bangs Sisters. David Abbott was born in 1863 near Falls City and lived most of his life in Omaha, Abbott died in 1934 of diabetes. His burial was at Westlawn-Hillcrest Memorial Park, Omaha, Nebraska and he was married to Fannie E. Abbott. He became a businessman in the American Mid-West. He was well versed in arts and science, after Albert Einstein published his theory of relativity, Abbott attempted to explain it in a newspaper article. As a magician, he performed for invited guests in his private theater he built at his home from 1907 until he died, there he demonstrated his Talking Teakettle and Talking Vase. Abbott built his work of magic and deception on the principles he learned from spirit mediums. Abbott was a friend of the magician Harry Houdini and his most well known work was Behind the Scenes with the Mediums published in 1907, which went through several editions. When the Abbott home was sold in 1936, the manuscript was thought to be lost and it was discovered by Walter Graham and published as David P. Abbotts Book Of Mysteries in 1977. Book Review, Behind the Scenes with the Mediums, journal of the American Society for Psychical Research 1, 492-493. Brief Biography at The Magic Nook Karr, Todd, David P. Abbott and the Notorious Bangs Sisters at the Wayback Machine. Excerpt from Teller and Todd Karr, eds, house of Mystery, The Magic Science of David P. Abbott. Works by David Abbott at Project Gutenberg Works by or about David Abbott at Internet Archive Works by David Abbott at LibriVox Abowitz, a man, a ball, a hoop, a bench … Teller. Las Vegas Weekly, November 20,2008 Famous Head Removal

3.
George Abbott
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George Francis Abbott was an American theater producer and director, playwright, screenwriter, and film director and producer whose career spanned nine decades. Abbott was born in Forestville, New York to George Burwell Abbott and he later moved to the town of Salamanca, which twice elected his father mayor. In 1898, his family moved to Cheyenne, Wyoming, where he attended Kearney Military Academy, within a few years, his family returned to New York, and he graduated from Hamburg High School in 1907. Four years later, he obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Rochester, Abbott then went to Harvard University, to take a course in playwriting from George Pierce Baker. Under Bakers tutelage, he wrote The Head of the Family and he then worked for a year as assistant stage manager at the Bijou Theatre in Boston, where his play The Man in the Manhole won a contest. Abbott started acting on Broadway in 1913, debuting in The Misleading Lady, while acting in several plays in New York City, he began to write, his first successful play was The Fall Guy. Abbott acquired a reputation as a show doctor. He frequently was called upon to supervise changes when a show was having difficulties in tryouts or previews prior to its Broadway opening and his first great hit was Broadway, written and directed in partnership with Philip Dunning, whose play Abbott rejiggered. It opened on September 16,1926, at the Broadhurst Theatre, other successes followed, and it was a rare year that did not have an Abbott production on Broadway. He also worked in Hollywood as a writer and director while continuing with his theater work, in 1963, he published his autobiography, Mister Abbott. Abbott was married to Edna Lewis from 1914 to her death in 1930, actress Mary Sinclair was his second wife. Their marriage lasted from 1946 until their 1951 divorce and he had a long romance with actress Maureen Stapleton from 1968 to 1978. She was 43 and he was 81 when they began their affair and his third wife was Joy Valderrama. They were married from 1983 until his death in 1995, Abbott was a vigorous man who remained active past his 100th birthday by golfing and dancing. He died of a stroke on January 31,1995, in Miami Beach, Florida, at the age of 106, he walked down the aisle on opening night of the Damn Yankees revival and received a standing ovation. He was heard saying to his companion, There must be somebody important here.1 In 1965, the building was demolished in 1970. New York Citys George Abbott Way, the section of West 45th Street northwest of Times Square, is named after him. He received New York Citys Handel Medallion in 1976, honorary doctorates from the Universities of Rochester and Miami, and he was also inducted into the Western New York Entertainment Hall of Fame and the American Theatre Hall of Fame

4.
Lyman Abbott
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Lyman Abbott was an American Congregationalist theologian, editor, and author. Lyman Abbott was born at Roxbury, Massachusetts on December 18,1835, Lyman Abbott grew up in Farmington, Maine and later in New York City. Abbotts ancestors were from England, and came to America roughly twenty years after Plymouth Rock and he graduated from the New York University in 1853, where he was a member of the Eucleian Society, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1856. Abbott soon abandoned the profession, however, and after studying theology with his uncle. He was pastor of the Congregational Church in Terre Haute, Indiana from 1860 to 1865, from 1865 to 1868 he was secretary of the American Union Commission. In 1869 he resigned his pastorate to devote himself to literature and he was also the co-editor of The Christian Union with Henry Ward Beecher from 1876 to 1881. Abbott later succeeded Beecher in 1888 as pastor of Plymouth Church and he also wrote the official biography of Beecher and edited his papers. The latter characteristics marked his published works also, Abbotts opinions differed from those of Beecher. Abbott was a constant advocate of reform, and was an advocate of Theodore Roosevelts progressivism for almost 20 years. He would later adopt a liberal theology. He was also a pronounced Christian Evolutionist, in two of his books, The Evolution of Christianity and The Theology of an Evolutionist, Abbott applied the concept of evolution in a Christian theological perspective. Although he himself objected to being called an advocate of Darwinism, he was an advocate of evolution who thought that what Jesus saw. Abbott was a figure of some public note and was called upon on October 30,1897, to deliver an address in New York at the funeral of economist. He ultimately resigned his pastorate in November 1898 and his son, Lawrence Fraser Abbott, accompanied President Roosevelt on a tour of Europe and Africa. During the World War I he was a supporter of the governments war policies. Lyman Abbott died on October 22,1922 and was buried in the New Windsor Cemetery in Cornwall-on-Hudson, the editors of the Outlook kept their normal routine, publishing without “departure from the normal course of publication” since that was what their departed colleague would have wanted. The issue asked readers for understanding as the paper “wait until next week to give to his friends, known and unknown, a record of his life and of the tributes which marked his passing. ”A brief tribute appeared in that issue, but the November 8th edition contained the official remembrance and tributes. ”Dr. Henry Sloane Coffin noted at a later memorial service, Measured by the number of people he reached, Dr. Abbott was unquestionably the greatest teacher of religion of this generation. ”Abbotts lasting influence and widespread appeal is readily apparent in later evaluations of his life. Abbott was “something of a national patriarch” by the time of his death, Abbott influenced hundreds every week though his sermons at the prestigious Plymouth Avenue Congregationalist Church

5.
Jessica Abel
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Abel was born in 1969 in Chicago, Illinois, and raised in the Chicago metropolitan area. She graduated from Evanston Township High School and she attended Carleton College for in 1987–88, and then transferred to the University of Chicago, where she published her first comics work in 1988, in the student anthology Breakdown. Additionally, she worked for three years in the administration at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and she graduated with a BA degree. This was the first professionally printed Artbabe, and was subtitled The Four Seasons and she appeared as a character in the back-cover story of Hate #10 by Peter Bagge. Abel has stated that her major work Artbabe is not autobiographical, with the publication of the Xeric issue of Artbabe, Abel came to the attention of Fantagraphics publisher Gary Groth, who offered to publish Artbabe. Each issue of Artbabe contained one or more stories, Abel did not begin any longer sequential work until La Perdida in 2000. The character Artbabe, who appears on cover, does not actually appear in any of the stories. In 1998, Abel moved to Mexico City with her boyfriend, now husband and she went on hiatus from Artbabe in 1999. From 1996–2005, Abel did a series of one-page journalistic comics for the University of Chicago Magazine, and also embarked on Radio and this book depicted how an episode of the show is made, with behind-the-scenes reportage and a how-to guide to creating a radio show at home. After two years in Mexico City, Abel moved to Brooklyn, New York, Abel created the five-issue, 250-page series La Perdida. Published by Fantagraphics Books between 2000 and 2005 as a five-part mini-series, Abel revised the text for its compilation and publication in 2006 as a hardcover volume by Pantheon Books. The book has received a critical response. The central character is a Mexican-American woman, Carla, raised by her Anglo mother, Abel taught an undergraduate cartooning courses at the School of Visual Arts for a number of years, and gave workshops at other locations, such as Ox-Bow Summer School of Art. In 2008, Abel and Madden produced Drawing Words and Writing Pictures for First Second Books, the book is a product of the years Abel and Madden have spent as teachers, and is a comprehensive manual on creating comics. That same year, Abel also collaborated on Life Sucks, written with Gabe Soria, Abel and Madden produced a second comics teaching textbook together called Mastering Comics, a sequel to Drawing Words and Writing Pictures, published in May 2012. Abel and Madden then both moved to France for a one-year artists’ residency at La Maison des Auteurs in Angoulême in 2012, that became an extended 4-year stay. In June 7,2016 Abel announced that she is returning to the US, to accept a position as chair of the illustration department at PAFA. Able has recently affirmed during an interview on Swedish TV with her partner Matt Madden and Fredrik Strömberg that she, and her work is implicitly feminist, but not explicitly political

6.
M. H. Abrams
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Meyer Howard Mike Abrams, usually cited as M. H. Abrams, was an American literary critic, known for works on romanticism, in particular his book The Mirror and the Lamp. Under Abramss editorship, The Norton Anthology of English Literature became the text for undergraduate survey courses across the U. S. Abrams was the son of Eastern European Jewish immigrants in Long Branch, the son of a house painter and the first in his family to go to college, he entered Harvard University as an undergraduate in 1930. He went into English because, he says, there werent jobs in any other profession, so I thought I might as well enjoy starving, instead of starving while doing something I didnt enjoy. After earning his baccalaureate in 1934, Abrams won a Henry fellowship to Magdalene College, Cambridge and he returned to Harvard for graduate school in 1935 and received a masters degree in 1937 and a Ph. D. in 1940. During World War II, he served at the Psycho-Acoustics Laboratory at Harvard, in 1945 Abrams became a professor at Cornell University. The literary critics Harold Bloom, Gayatri Spivak and E. D. Hirsch, and he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963. As of March 4,2008, he was Class of 1916 Professor of English Emeritus there and his wife of 71 years, Ruth, predeceased him in 2008. He turned 100 in July 2012, Abrams died on April 21,2015 in Ithaca, New York, at the age of 102. In 1998, Modern Library ranked The Mirror and the Lamp one of the 100 greatest English-language nonfiction books of the 20th century. Abrams was not only the editor of The Norton Anthology, he was the editor of The Romantic Period in that anthology. In his introduction to Lord Byron, he emphasized how Byronism relates to Nietzsches idea of the superman. In the introduction to Percy Bysshe Shelley, Abrams said, The tragedy of Shelleys short life was that intending always the best, he brought disaster and suffering upon himself, Abrams ISBN 978-0-8014-1307-0 The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory & Criticism entry Short informative text on him. M. H. Abrams reads poetry aloud at the National Humanities Center

7.
Lauren Ackerman
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Lauren Vedder Ackerman was an American physician and pathologist, who championed the subspecialty of surgical pathology in the mid-20th century. Ackerman was born in March 1905 in Auburn, New York, to Bertha, both of his parents were college graduates. His father was a civil and mechanical engineer, who became city manager of Watertown. Despite growing up in a family environment, Lauren was an indifferent student with mediocre grades. He worked for the year in that profession, but then decided to pursue a medical career. Lauren was accepted to the University of Rochester School of Medicine and its faculty provided virtually individual attention to the students, a practice that Ackerman was to adopt himself in the future. After obtaining his M. D. in 1932, he served as an intern, a years sabbatical from training was necessary because Ackerman had contracted tuberculosis as a medical student. As a patient in a sanitarium, he helped to pass the time by assisting at autopsies performed on less fortunate cohorts. After completion of his residency, Lauren pursued specialty training in pathology. He returned to the University of Rochester, where he worked under the direction of George Whipple, after a year, Ackerman moved to Boston, Massachusetts as a resident working principally at the Pondville State Cancer Hospital. He completed his studies there in 1938, and married Elizabeth Fitts the same year, with no available pathology positions in the offing, Ackerman accepted a position as assistant professor of medicine back at UCSF in 1939. There he was responsible for performing autopsies on patients who had died of pulmonary diseases, in 1940, a job in pathology was offered to Ackerman at the Ellis Fischel Cancer Hospital in Columbia, Missouri, a state-run center for indigent patients with malignancies. Because of his background in medicine, he also had duties in electrocardiography. After several years of experience there, Ackerman authored his first book, Cancer, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis, with Juan Del Regato, a radiotherapist. A progressively closer professional relationship grew with surgeons at nearby Barnes Hospital and Washington University in St. Louis, in 1948, Ackerman was offered a position at Barnes Hospital as the chief surgical pathologist and associate professor of surgery, under the chairmanship of Evarts Ambrose Graham. Ackerman accrued experience in diagnostic surgical pathology over the several years. In the early 1950s, he decided to apply knowledge to the formulation of a textbook. Although other texts on the topic did exist—notably one by Dr. William Boyd—Ackermans monograph focused on differential diagnosis, accordingly, it rapidly drew attention and acclaim from other practicing pathologists

8.
Joan Acocella
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Joan Acocella is an American journalist who is the dance and book critic for The New Yorker. She has written books on dance, literature, and psychology. Acocella received her B. A. in English in 1966 from the University of California and she earned a Ph. D. in comparative literature at Rutgers University in 1984 with a thesis on the Ballets Russes. She received a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1993, Acocella is a 2012 Holtzbrinck Berlin Prize Fellow at the American Academy in Berlin. Acocella has written for The Village Voice, has served as the critic and reviews editor for Dance Magazine. Her writing also appears regularly in the New York Review of Books and she began writing for The New Yorker in 1992 and was appointed dance critic in 1998. She also edited The Diary of Vaslav Nijinsky, Unexpurgated Edition, Andre Levinson on Dance and she expanded the essay into Willa Cather and the Politics of Criticism. Joan Acocella, You got a problem with that

9.
Ansel Adams
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Ansel Easton Adams was an American photographer and environmentalist. His black and white photographs of the American West, especially Yosemite National Park, have been widely reproduced on calendars, posters, books. Adams and Fred Archer developed the Zone System as a way to determine proper exposure, the resulting clarity and depth characterized his photographs. He primarily used large-format cameras because their high resolution helped ensure sharpness in his images, Adams founded the photography group known as Group f/64, along with fellow photographers Willard Van Dyke and Edward Weston. Adams was born in the Western Addition of San Francisco, California and he was named after his uncle, Ansel Easton. His mothers family came from Baltimore, where his grandfather had a successful freight-hauling business but lost his wealth investing in failed mining. The Adams family came from New England, having migrated from Northern Ireland in the early 18th century and his paternal grandfather founded and built a prosperous lumber business which his father later ran, though his fathers natural talents lay more with sciences than with business. Later in life, Adams condemned that very same industry for cutting many of the great redwood forests. In 1907, his family moved 2 miles west to a new home near the Seacliff neighbourhood, the home had a splendid view of the Golden Gate and the Marin Headlands. San Francisco was devastated by the April 18,1906 San Francisco earthquake, the four year-old Ansel Adams was uninjured in the initial shaking but was tossed face-first into a garden wall during an aftershock three hours later, breaking and scarring his nose. Among his earliest memories was watching the smoke from the fire that destroyed much of the city a few miles to the east. A doctor recommended that his nose be reset once he reached maturity, Adams was a hyperactive child and prone to frequent sickness and hypochondria. He had few friends, but his home and surroundings on the heights facing the Golden Gate provided ample childhood activities. His father bought a telescope, and they enthusiastically shared the hobby of amateur astronomy. His father went on to serve as the paid secretary-treasurer of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific from 1925 to 1950, Ansels fathers business suffered great financial losses after the death of Ansels grandfather and the aftermath of the Panic of 1907. By 1912, the standard of living had dropped sharply. Ansel was dismissed from several schools for being restless and inattentive. Adams was then educated by tutors, his aunt Mary

10.
Cindy Adams
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Cynthia Cindy Adams is an American gossip columnist and writer. She is the widow of comedian/humorist Joey Adams, born an only child in New York City, Adams was one year old when her parents divorced. Her mother, Jessica Sugar, worked as a secretary for the New York City Water Department and was a single parent until her remarriage to insurance agent Harry Heller. Adams grew up in Washington Heights, Manhattan and Jamaica Estates and she attended Andrew Jackson High School without graduating. Adams began to work as a model in Manhattan, and met her future husband, Joey Adams, a year later. They married on Valentines Day 1952, and had no children, Joey died in 1999, following a long illness. Since 1979, Adams has written a column for the New York Post. In 1965, she co-wrote an English-language autobiography of Indonesias President Sukarno, in 1975, Adams published a biography of Jolie Gabor, the mother of the Gabor sisters. Among those whom she interviewed in 1970 was Mohammad-Rezā Pahlavi, the shah of Iran, Adams later became friendly with Imelda Marcos, the controversial widow of former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. Adams became a newspaper columnist in 1981. In 1990, Adams served as a panelist on To Tell the Truth, after her husband died in 1999, Adams developed a love for dogs. Jazzy, her Yorkshire Terrier, trailed her in public and became a celebrity himself. Adams and Jazzy would often together at New York Citys finest restaurants. Adams dresses her dogs in expensive clothes and jewelry. She wrote a memoir about Jazzy, The Gift of Jazzy, one weekend, Adams put Jazzy in a kennel in upstate New York when she left the city. By the time she returned Jazzy had died and she had a necropsy performed, which showed E. coli bacteria in the dogs system. In an article published in The New York Times, Adams was quoted as saying, I would lie on my stomach in the kitchen and hand-feed him kosher chicken. We would go to Le Cirque and eat off of Limoges porcelain, where would he get E. coli

11.
Evangeline Adams
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Evangeline Smith Adams was a late 19th- / early 20th-century American astrologer, based in New York City. While Aleister Crowley ghostwrote her books on astrology, Adams is a contributor to Crowleys own astrological text The General Practice of Astrology. She has been described as Americas first astrological superstar, Adams was born on 8 February 1868 in Jersey City, New Jersey, to a conservative family. Her father died when she was 15 months old, before Adams began working as an astrologer full-time, she became engaged to a Mr. Lord, who was believed to be her employer. Although she said that she was initially in love him, she lost any feelings that she had for him. She was the companion of Emma Viola Sheridan Fry in the late 1920s to early 1930s, thousands of subscribers to her astrological newsletter followed her advice to invest in stocks during the run-up to the Stock Market Crash of 1929. It was towards the end of her career that Adams took to publishing books, for most of her working life, she ran a thriving astrological practice based on consultation by person or mail. This grew to employ several assistants and stenographers, for a number of years Adams employed Crowley as a ghost-writer. Their business relationship eventually turned into a one, which brought copyright issues of who really wrote what. Adams was arrested three times in New York City for fortune telling, in 1911,1914 and 1923, Adams was well paid by her clients for her predictions. She was said to predict changes in the stock market. People who believed often forget the erroneous predictions and used the ones that happened to come true to prove that she was accurate, Adams most imfamous failed prediction was that the stocks might climb to heaven a few weeks before the 1929 crash. Investment analyst Kenneth Fisher has written that her few successful predictions were publicized whilst her misses were ignored by those desperate to believe and he described Adams as an obvious quack with no real investment knowledge. 100 Minds that made the market, video footage of Adams with early newsreel coverage of her famous trial on YouTube, from the TV series Secrets in the Stars narrated by Leonard Nimoy

12.
Joey Adams
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Joey Adams was an American comedian who was inducted into the New York Friars Club in 1977 and wrote the book Borscht Belt in 1973. Adams was born in Brooklyn, New York as Joseph Abramowitz, for many years, he wrote the Strictly for Laughs column in the New York Post. His wife, Cindy Adams, remains a society/gossip columnist for the same paper, Adams career spanned more than 70 years and included appearances in nightclubs and vaudeville shows. He also hosted for a while his own show and wrote 23 books, including From Gags to Riches, Joey Adams Joke Book, Laugh Your Calories Away, On the Road with Uncle Sam. The Yale Book of Quotations cites him as being the first to say, With friends like that, for many years, he hosted a radio talk show on WEVD in New York. He was active in the New York Friars Club and was president of the American Guild of Variety Artists AGVA, governor Nelson Rockefeller also encouraged him to spread his program throughout the entire state, and eventually it moved westward to California. Adams died December 2,1999, at St. Vincents Hospital in Manhattan, aged 88, eulogies were delivered by Adams widow and Mayor Rudy Giuliani. His widow had his remains cremated, smith, Ronald L. Whos Who in Comedy. New York, Facts on File. pp.5,6, Joey Adams at the Internet Movie Database Celebrities at the 80th Birthday Party For Joey Adams. Helmsley Hotel, New York City, New York, United States

13.
Weaver W. Adams
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Weaver Warren Adams was an American chess master, author, and opening theoretician. His greatest competitive achievement was winning the U. S. Open Championship in 1948, Adams is most famous for his controversial claim that the first move 1. e4 confers a winning advantage upon White. He continually advocated this theory in books and magazine articles from 1939 until shortly before his death, Adams claim has generally been scorned by the chess world. However, International Master Hans Berliner in a 1999 book professed admiration for Adams, Adams did not succeed in showing the validity of his theory in his own tournament and match play. His results suffered because he published his analysis of Whites supposed winning lines, thus forfeiting the element of surprise, future World Champion Bobby Fischer used the Adams Attack, the line Adams advocated against the Najdorf Variation of the Sicilian Defense, with success. Weaver Adams was one of the leading American masters during the 1930s and 1940s, Championship in 1936,1940,1944,1946, and 1948. He won the Massachusetts State Championship in 1937,1938,1941, in 1944, he won a master tournament in Ventnor City. He also won the Marshall Chess Club championship six times, Adams greatest competitive success was winning the 49th U. S. Open, held in Baltimore in 1948, for which achievement he appeared on the cover of the August 1948 issue of Chess Review magazine. Adams played in the 1950–51 Hastings Christmas Chess Congress, but finished 9th out of 10 players with 2½/9, grandmaster Larry Evans wrote that Adams tournament results were damaged by his dogmatism. By the time Weaver found a refutation and published it, another found a different cook. According to Chess Review, this phenomenon may explain Adams poor result at Hastings 1950–51 and his first and most famous book arguing this, White to Play and Win, was published in 1939. There, Adams claimed that 1. e4 was Whites strongest move, If Black responded with 1. e5, Adams advocated the Bishops Opening,1. e4 e52. Bc4. Adams was unable to prove his theory in tournament or match practice, the year after his book was published, he played in the U. S. Open at Dallas,1940. Ironically, in the finals he did not win a game as White. Adams also lost a match to IM I. A, horowitz, who took the black pieces in every game. Adams later wrote Simple Chess, which he revised several times, How to Play Chess, when Adams was also unsuccessful with this variation, he switched to other lines. In 1962, he advocated what he called the Adams Gambit and he explained his repudiation of 6. Nb5, it is antipositional to move a developed piece a second time, and masters have long given it up as hopeless. Adams White to Play and Win thesis was widely ridiculed, Larry Evans wrote that Mr. Adams and his cronies may be linked to the radical right wing of chess

14.
Jane Addams
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She co-founded, with Ellen Gates Starr, the first settlement house in the United States, Chicagos Hull House that would later become known as one of the most famous settlement houses in America. In an era when presidents such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson identified themselves as reformers and social activists and she helped America address and focus on issues that were of concern to mothers, such as the needs of children, local public health, and world peace. Thus, these were matters of which women would have more knowledge than men and she said that if women were to be responsible for cleaning up their communities and making them better places to live, they needed to be able to vote to do so effectively. Addams became a model for middle-class women who volunteered to uplift their communities. She is increasingly being recognized as a member of the American pragmatist school of philosophy, in 1889 she co-founded Hull House, and in 1920 she was a co-founder for the ACLU. In 1931 she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, three of her siblings died in infancy, and another died at age 16, leaving only four by the time Addams was age eight. Her mother, Sarah Addams, died when Jane was two years old, Addams spent her childhood playing outdoors, reading indoors, and attending Sunday school. When she was four she contracted tuberculosis of the spine, known as Pottss disease and this made it complicated as a child to function with the other children, considering she had a limp and could not run as well. As a child, she thought she was ugly and later remembered wanting not to embarrass her father, Addams adored her father when she was a child, as she made clear in the stories of her memoir, Twenty Years at Hull House. John Huy Addams was a businessman with large timber, cattle, and agricultural holdings, flour and timber mills. He was the president of The Second National Bank of Freeport and he remarried in 1868, when Jane was eight years old. His second wife was Anna Hostetter Haldeman, the widow of a miller in Freeport, John Addams was a founding member of the Illinois Republican Party, served as an Illinois State Senator, and supported his friend Abraham Lincoln in his candidacies, for senator and the presidency. John Addams kept a letter from Lincoln in his desk, in her teens, Addams had big dreams—to do something useful in the world. Long interested in the poor from her reading of Dickens and inspired by her mothers kindness to the Cedarville poor, she decided to become a doctor so that she could live and it was a vague idea, nurtured by literary fiction. Addamss father encouraged her to higher education but close to home. She was eager to attend the new college for women, Smith College in Massachusetts, after graduating from Rockford in 1881, with a collegiate certificate and membership in Phi Beta Kappa, she still hoped to attend Smith to earn a proper B. A. That summer, her father died unexpectedly from a case of appendicitis. That fall, Addams, her sister Alice, Alices husband Harry, Harry was already trained in medicine and did further studies at the University of Pennsylvania

15.
Irving Adler
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Irving Adler was an author, mathematician, scientist, political activist and educator. He was the author of 57 books about mathematics, science, and education, and his books have been published in 31 countries in 19 different languages. Irving Adler was born in Harlem, in New York City and his parents emigrated to the United States from Galicia, a part of Austria, which today is a part of Poland, with his father coming in 1905 to seek work and his mother following five years later. His father, working first as a house-painter, earned money to start a small business selling ice, coal, wood, seltzer. Adler was given the Hebrew name Yitzchak, anglicized on his certificate as Isaac. His name was changed to Irving by a clerk when he was enrolled in elementary school. Adler was accelerated in school five times, entering Townsend Harris High School at age eleven, during his junior year he was awarded the Belden Gold Medal for excellence in mathematics and a Silver Medal for ranking second in the college. Adler graduated magna cum laude from CCNY in 1931, when he was 18, Adler began his teaching career with a one-year appointment as a teacher-in-training at Stuyvesant High School. He joined the Unemployed Teachers Association, which filed a lawsuit resulted in 3,500 teachers, including Adler. In the course of Adlers activities in the student peace movement of the 1930s, he met Ruth Relis, Irving and Ruth Adler had two children, Stephen and Peggy. Adler taught mathematics at various New York City high schools during the 1930s and 1940s and he was chair of the math department at Straubenmuller Textile High School from 1946 until 1952. The New York Teachers Union won a suit challenging the constitutionality of the Feinberg Law in the New York State Supreme Court, before the Feinberg Law was implemented, the New York Superintendent of Schools, William Jansen, began calling in teachers for questioning. Those who refused to answer the question, Adler among them, were dismissed for insubordination, Adler was suspended in 1952 and dismissed in 1954. In 1967 the U. S. Supreme Court reversed itself in a subsequent case, the teachers who had been fired in the 1950s then sued for reinstatement. Adler was reinstated and retired from the city schools in 1977, Adler wrote his first science for children, The Secret of Light, while still working as a teacher. It was published by International Publishers in 1952, in 1955 he began a long association with the John Day Company, his first title for them being Time in Your Life. Adler wrote six books a year for years, mostly on scientific subjects for the junior-high. In 1959, Irving and Ruth Adler together began writing The Reason Why series of books about scientific concepts for elementary school children

16.
Margot Adler
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Margot Susanna Adler was an American author, journalist, lecturer, Wiccan priestess, and New York correspondent for National Public Radio. Born in Little Rock, Arkansas, Adler grew up mostly in New York City and she attended The High School of Music & Art in New York City. Her grandfather, Alfred Adler, was a noted Austrian Jewish psychotherapist, collaborator with Sigmund Freud, Adler received a bachelor of arts in political science from the University of California, Berkeley and a masters degree from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in New York in 1970. She was a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University in 1982, during the mid-1960s, Adler worked as a volunteer reporter for KPFA-FM, the Pacifica Radio station in Berkeley, California. After returning to New York City, she worked at its station, WBAI-FM, where, in 1972, she created the talk show Hour of the Wolf. Since 9/11, she focused much of her work on exploring the human factors in New York City, from the loss of loved ones, homes and jobs. She was the host of Justice Talking up until the show ceased production on July 3,2008 and she was a regular voice on Morning Edition and All Things Considered. She was also co-producer of a radio drama, War Day. Adler authored Drawing Down the Moon, a 1979 book about Neopaganism which was revised in 2006, the book is considered by some a watershed in American Neopagan circles, as it provided the first comprehensive look at modern nature-based religions in the US. For many years it was the introductory work about American Neopagan communities. Her second book, Heretics Heart, A Journey Through Spirit, Adler was a Wiccan priestess, an elder in the Covenant of the Goddess, and she also participated in the Unitarian Universalist faith community. In early 2011, Adler was diagnosed with cancer, which metastasized over the following three years. Adler died on July 28,2014 at the age of 68 and she remained virtually symptom-free until mid-2014. Adler was cared for in her final months by her son,1979 – Drawing Down the Moon, Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America Today. ISBN 1-889307-10-6 Margot Adler at the Internet Movie Database

17.
Polly Adler
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Pearl Polly Adler was an American madam and author of Russian-Jewish origin. The oldest of nine children of Gertrude Koval and Morris Adler and her early education was from the village rabbi. Polly Adler emigrated to America from Yanow, Russia, near the Polish border at the age of 12 just before World War I, the war stopped her family from joining her. She worked as a seamstress, at clothing factories, and sporadically attended school, at 19, she began to enjoy the company of theater people in Manhattan, and moved into the apartment of an actress and showgirl on Riverside Drive in New York City. It was at this apartment that she was introduced to a bootlegger and gangster. She began to procure for him and his friends, and became successful as a madam and she opened her first bordello in 1920, under the protection of mobster Dutch Schultz and a friend of mobster Charles Lucky Luciano. One building in which she plied her trade was The Majestic at 215 West 75th Street, designed by architects Schwartz and Gross and completed in 1924 with hidden stairways and secret doorways. It has been theorized that the New York State Supreme Court justice Joseph Force Crater, missing since Aug.6,1930, Adler was a shrewd businesswoman with a mind for marketing. She also made large bribes to city and law enforcement officials to keep her business open, in the early 1930s, Adler was a star witness of the Seabury Commission investigations and spent a few months in hiding in Florida to avoid testifying. She refused to give up any mob names to the Seabury Commission when apprehended by the police and she survived by providing half of her income to her underworld safety net, and closed her business. Adler attended college at age 50, and wrote a book, ghosted by Virginia Faulkner, A House Is Not a Home. She died in Los Angeles in 1962, a House Is Not a Home was made into a movie two years later, starring Shelley Winters as Adler. Her notoriety led her to be included in Cleveland Amorys 1959 Celebrity Register, during Fiorello La Guardias time as a mayor, Polly Adler and three of her girls were brought to court. She pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 30 days in jail. A House is Not a Home is the 1953 autobiography of Polly Adler that was ghosted by Virginia Faulkner, eleven years after publication it was made into a movie. New York, Toronto, Rinehart & Co. Inc, Polly Adler, Madam P. und ihre Mädchen, Lichtenberg Verlag, München,1965 Shelley Winters portrayed Adler in the 1964 film version of Adlers book. The 1989 Perry Mason TV-movie Musical Murder revolved around a faux-musical based on Adler, Adler was portrayed by the actress Gisèle Rousseau in the 1994 film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle. The television show M*A*S*H episode Bulletin Board features a party/picnic called the First Annual Polly Adler Birthday Cook-out Picnic and Bar-B-Que, after Corporal Klinger does some redecorating with items sent from home

18.
Marella Agnelli
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Marella Agnelli, born Donna Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto is an Italian noblewoman, art collector, socialite, style icon and widow of former Fiat chairman Gianni Agnelli. She has often appeared in the fashion magazine Vogue and she was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1963. Donna Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto was born in Florence, as member of the House of Caracciolo and her father was Don Filippo Caracciolo, 8th Prince di Castagneto, 3rd Duke di Melito, and hereditary Patrician of Naples, from an old Neapolitan noble family. Her mother was the former Margaret Clarke of Peoria, Illinois and she was married in the Church of Osthoffen to Fiat tycoon Gianni Agnelli on 19 November 1953, they would remain married until his death on 24 January 2003. In 1973, she created a line for Abraham-Zumsteg, for which she was awarded the Resources Councils Roscoe in 1977. An avid gardener, Agnelli has authored a number of books on the subject, Two of her books are about the Garden of Ninfa and The Agnelli Gardens at Villar Perosa. More recently, she oversaw the opening of the Renzo Piano-designed art gallery Pinacoteca Giovanni and Marella Agnelli, built on the roof of the former Lingotto Fiat factory in Turin, the Agnelli collection includes Picasso, Renoir, Canaletto, Matisse and Canova materpieces. Z. Guest, Slim Keith, and Pamela Harriman, Lee Radziwill and she was portrayed in the American biographical film Infamous by Isabella Rossellini. – Grand Officer Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Awarded the third-highest civil honour in Italy, Marella Agnelli – The Last Swan. Agnelli, Marella, Caracciolo, Marella, Pejrone, Paolo, the Agnelli Gardens at Villar Perosa – Two Centuries of a Family Retreat. Agnelli, Marella, Pietromarchi, Luca, Bright, Robert Emmett, Forquet, Agnelli and the Network of Italian Power

19.
Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
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Fay Ajzenberg-Selove was an American nuclear physicist. She was known for her work in nuclear spectroscopy of light elements. She was a recipient of the 2007 National Medal of Science and she was born Fay Ajzenberg on 13 February 1926 in Berlin, Germany to a Jewish family from Russia. In 1919, they fled the Russian Revolution and settled in Germany and they were bankrupted by the Great Depression, so the family moved to France in 1930. Her father worked as an engineer in a sugar beet factory owned by her uncle Isaac Naiditch in Lieusaint. Ajzenberg attended the Lycée Victor Duruy in Paris and Le Collège Sévigné, in 1940, the family fled Paris prior to the Nazi invasion of France. They took a route through Spain, Portugal, the Dominican Republic. Ajzenberg graduated from Julia Richman High School in 1943 and her father had encouraged her interest in engineering. She attended the University of Michigan, where she was friends with the later notorious Haitian dictator Papa Doc and she graduated in 1946 with a BS in engineering, the only woman in a class of 100. After briefly doing graduate work at Columbia University and teaching at the University of Illinois at Navy Pier, at Wisconsin she worked with the nuclear physicist Hugh Richards who was studying nuclear reaction energies and classifying the energy levels of light atoms. She found a method of creating 6Li targets by converting the sulphate to a chloride and she also demonstrated that the excited states of the 10B nucleus were not evenly spaced as previously thought. She received her MS in 1949 and her PhD in physics in 1952 with a dissertation titled Energy levels of light nuclei. She did postdoctoral work with Thomas Lauritsen at the California Institute of Technology, together they would publish Energy Levels of Light Nuclei, a compilation of the fields best yearly research regarding nuclear structure and decay of nuclei with an atomic mass number A from 5 to 20. Since 1973 Ajzenberg published them herself, eventually Ajzenberg would publish 26 of these papers, primarily in the journal Nuclear Physics, until 1990. They have been called the nuclear scientists bible, following graduation, Ajzenberg was a lecturer at Smith College and a visiting fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She was hired as an assistant professor of physics at Boston University, Ajzenberg refused the position until the initial salary was restored. While at Boston University, she met Harvard University physicist Walter Selove, in 1962, using the bubble chamber at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, he discovered a meson he named the fayon after her. Ajzenberg-Selove and her husband were honored with a symposium about their work at the University of Pennsylvania in 2005, in the 1960s, she worked at Haverford College, where she was the first full-time female faculty member

20.
Milburn Akers
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Milburn Peter Akers, often known as Pete Akers, was a Chicago journalist, chairman of the Board of Trustees of McKendree College, and the ninth president of Shimer College. Akers was born in Chicago and graduated from McKendree College, of which his great-grandfather had been the first president, in his early life, he worked as a staff reporter for newspapers including the Peoria Transcript and Illinois State Register. He served as the publicity man for Governor Henry Horner from 1937 to Horners death in 1940, Akers joined the Chicago Sun, later the Chicago Sun-Times, shortly after its founding in 1941. He became executive editor of the Sun-Times in 1950, rising from the position of managing editor, after retiring from the paper in 1965, he became an important figure in Illinois higher education due in part to his political ties. From 1965 to 1967 he served as president of the Federation of Independent Illinois Colleges and Universities, in 1968, Akers was appointed president of Shimer College following the resignation of Francis Joseph Mullin in the aftermath of the Grotesque Internecine Struggle. On May 27,1970, Akers was killed in a collision with a truck south of Hopedale. He had been traveling to Springfield, Illinois to lobby for a law providing greater aid to liberal arts colleges such as Shimer

21.
Carl Albert
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Albert represented a southeastern Oklahoma Congressional district as a Democrat for 30 years, starting in 1947. He is best known for his service as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1977. At 5 feet 4 inches tall, Albert was often known as the Little Giant from Little Dixie. Albert was born in McAlester, Oklahoma, shortly after his birth his family moved to a small town just north of McAlester called Bugtussle. He was the son of a miner and farmer and grew up in a log cabin on his fathers farm. In high school he excelled in debate, was student body president, during this time he was an active member of his local Order of DeMolay chapter and is an inductee of the Order of DeMolay Hall of Fame. Albert later petitioned his local Masonic Lodge and became an active Freemason and he entered the University of Oklahoma in 1927. There, he majored in science and won the National Oratorical Championship in 1928. He earned enough money to fund the rest of his undergraduate education, while at Oklahoma, he was an accomplished amateur wrestler, a member of the Kappa Alpha Order Greek letter fraternity, and a member of the all-male spirit club. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1931, was the top male student and he received a Bachelor of Arts in Jurisprudence and Bachelor of Civil Laws from St Peters College before returning to the United States in 1934. He opened a law practice in Oklahoma City in 1935 and he worked for a series of oil companies in leasing work, until the start of World War II. Albert joined the United States Army as a private in 1941 and he served with the Third Armored Division briefly, but was soon commissioned a second lieutenant. Most of his service was with the Judge Advocate General Corps, while in the army, Albert married Mary Harmon on August 20,1942, in Columbia, South Carolina, just before he was sent to the South Pacific. The couple had two children, Mary Frances and David, for his service, Albert earned a Bronze Star, and saw service in the Pacific Theater, where he served in the office of the judge advocate general on the staff of General Douglas MacArthur. He left the Army with the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1946, Albert was elected to Congress for the first time in 1946. He was a Cold War liberal, and supported President Harry S Trumans containment of Soviet expansionism and domestic measures like public housing, federal aid to education, and farm price supports. Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn noticed his diligence as a legislator, Rayburn also advised Albert to seek the chairmanship of the Agriculture Committee in 1949. Albert was appointed House Majority Whip in 1955 and was elected House Majority Leader after Rayburns death in 1961, however, Albert seemed to describe himself as a political moderate

22.
William F. Albright
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William Foxwell Albright was an American archaeologist, biblical scholar, philologist, and expert on ceramics. Albright was born in Coquimbo, Chile, the eldest of six children of American evangelical Methodist missionaries Wilbur Finley Albright, Albright was an alumnus of Upper Iowa University. He married Dr. Ruth Norton in 1921 and had four sons and he was also the Director of the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem, 1922–1929, 1933–1936, and did important archaeological work at sites in Israel such as Gibeah and Tell Beit Mirsim. A prolific author, his works include Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan, The Archaeology of Palestine, From the Stone Age to Christianity. He also edited the Anchor Bible volumes on Jeremiah, Matthew, throughout his life Albright was honored with numerous awards, honorary doctorates, and medals, and was given the title Yakir Yerushalayim —the first time the award had been given to a non-Jew. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts, after his death, his legacy continued as a large number of scholars, inspired by his work, became specialists in the areas Albright had pioneered. The American School of Oriental Research, Jerusalem, is now known as the Albright Institute of Archaeological Research, from the early twentieth century until his death, he was the dean of biblical archaeologists and the acknowledged founder of the Biblical archaeology movement. This area is widely contested among scholars. His student George Ernest Wright followed in his footsteps as the leader of the biblical archaeology movement, contributing work at Shechem. Albright also inspired, trained and worked with the first generation of world-class Israeli archaeologists, who have carried on his work, other students, notably Joseph Fitzmyer, S. J. Frank Moore Cross, Raymond E. Brown, and David Noel Freedman, became leaders in the study of the Bible. As editor of the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research between 1931 and 1968, Albright influenced both biblical scholarship and Palestinian archaeology, in this Albrights American Evangelical upbringing was clearly apparent. He insisted, for example, that as a whole, the picture in Genesis is historical, similarly he claimed that archaeology had proved the essential historicity of the Book of Exodus, and the conquest of Canaan as described in the Book of Joshua and the Book of Judges. In the years since his death, Albrights methods and conclusions have been increasingly questioned, the irony is that, in the long run, it will have been the newer secular archaeology that contributed the most to Biblical studies, not Biblical archaeology. The Archaeology of Palestine, From the Stone Age to Christianity Views of the Biblical World, Jerusalem, International Publishing Company J-m Ltd,1959. Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan, An Historical Analysis of Two Contrasting Faiths The Biblical Period from Abraham to Ezra Albright, interesting finds in tumuli near Jerusalem. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, New Light from Egypt on the Chronology and History of Israel and Judah. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, Biblical archaeology List of artifacts significant to the Bible Views of the Biblical World Davis, Thomas W. Shifting Sands, the Rise and Fall of Biblical Archaeology

23.
Francesca Alexander
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Francesca Alexander, born Esther Francesca Alexander and also known as Fanny Alexander, was an American illustrator, author, and translator from the Italian. She was born Esther Frances Alexander in Boston, Massachusetts and educated at home, at age 16, her family moved to Florence, Italy, where she collected folk songs, tales, and customs. Her first batch of translations of Tuscan songs and stories, later published as Roadside Songs of Tuscany, was drawn from a celebrated story-teller, in it Alexander translated Bartolomeo Casentis ottava rima ballad about a little servant girl turned saint, with Italian original opposite the translated English stanzas. Alexander illustrated her translations with drawings done in a fine and highly personal style, in 1882 she met John Ruskin, who was to be a close friend until his death. He was deeply impressed by her Roadside Songs and purchased it along with a manuscript that he published in 1883 as The Story of Ida with its author listed simply as Francesca. The volume enjoyed several British and American editions, Ruskin then edited and published her Roadside Songs in 1884-85, and a third collection, Christs Folk in the Apennines, in 1887-89. An intimate correspondence between Ruskin, Alexander, and her mother continued for some years, after Ruskins death Alexander published Tuscan Songs and The Hidden Servants and Other Very Old Stories Told Over. She was blind and in health in her final years. Her papers are collected in the Boston Athenæum, correspondence between Alexander and Ruskin and letters from Alexander to Ruskins cousin and heir Joan Severn are held by the Morgan Library. 1883 The Story of Ida, John Ruskin, ed. Boston, Cupples, 1884-85 Roadside Songs of Tuscany, Francesca Alexander, tr. and ill. 1887-89 Christs Folk In The Apennini, reminiscences of Her Friends Among the Tuscan Peasantry. 1900 The Hidden Servants and Other Very Old Stories Told Over

24.
Kwame Alexander
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Kwame Alexander is an American writer of poetry and childrens fiction. His book The Crossover won the 2015 Newbery Medal recognizing the years most distinguished contribution to American literature for children and it was also selected as an Honor book for the Coretta Scott King Award. His book Acoustic Rooster and His Barnyard Band, was selected for the 2014 “Michigan Reads, One State, One Children’s Book” program. He runs the Bookinaday program to children to writing and publishing and currently lives in Reston. Tough Love, Cultural Criticism and Familial Observations on the Life and Death of Tupac Shakur, ed

25.
Camila Alire
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Camila Alire is an American Librarian and was President of the American Library Association from 2009–2010. Alire is Dean Emerita at the University of New Mexico and Colorado State University and she is also the former Dean of Libraries at the University of Colorado at Denver. In 2012 President Barack Obama appointed Alire as a member of the National Council on the Humanities and her appointment began on January 7,2013 and will expire on January 26,2018. Academic Librarianship with G. Edward Evans, Neal-Schuman ISBN1555707025 Serving Latino Communities. Neal-Schumann Publishing ISBN1555706061 Academic Librarians as Emotional Intelligence Leaders, monograph co-authored with Peter Hernon and Joan Giesecke. ISBN1591585139 Charting our Future, Advocating to Advance Academic Libraries in College, ask Camila, It Can Be Done. Hispanic Outlook in Higher Education Magazine, November 7,2005, “The Library Professional” in Perspectives, Insights & Priorities,17 Leaders Speak Freely of Librarianship. ISBN0810853558 “Two Intriguing Practices to Library Management Theory, Common Sense and Humanistic Applications, ” Library Administration and Management, Vol.18, No. “The Silver Lining, Recovering from the Shambles of a Disaster, ” Journal of Library Administration, Vol.38, No.1 and 2,2003. “The New Beginnings Program, A Retention Program for Junior Faculty of Color, ” Journal of Library Administration, Vol.33, “Diversity and Leadership, The Color of Leadership, ” Journal of Library Administration, Vol.32, Nos. 3/4,2001. Research Libraries in Colorado “Create Change, in ARL, A Bimonthly Report on Research Library Issues and Actions from ARL, CNI, and SPARC, August,2000. Library Disaster Planning and Recovery Handbook, Neal-Schuman Publishing Company, New York,2000, Ethnic Populations, A Model for Statewide Services, American Libraries, November 1997, 38-40. Mentoring On My Mind, It Takes a Family to Graduate a Minority Library Professional, American Libraries, hispanic Business Magazine, October 1997 Recruitment and Retention of Librarians of Color, The Future. ”In Creating Our Future, Essays on Librarianship. Equal Access for All, A Reaction to ‘A Nation Connected, changing a Library Services Faculty Model, The Major & Minor Approach, In ACRL National Conference Proceedings,1995. Recruitment of Minority Personnel in Libraries, unity Through Diversity, Presentation, Conference Proceedings of the Second National Conference of African American Librarians. Minorities and the Symbolic Potential of the Academic Library, Stewardship and Management Beyond Paternalism, College and Research Libraries, November 1995, Library Services to Ethnic Minority Populations - Long Range Plan, ERIC ED366338. Futures, The Continued Search for Excellence, In Community College Libraries, collection Evaluation, ‘Where’s the Beef in Community College Library Collections. Libraries, Lobbying, and Legislative Issues, Colorado Libraries, December 1992, the Community College Library’s Role in the Recruitment and Retention of Minority Students, Colorado Libraries, September 1991, 5-8