World History Patters of Interaciton Chapter 14 Section 1

* Spiritual Revival
* Starting in the 900s, monasteries help bring about a spiritual revival * Reformers help restore and expand Church power
* Some Church officials marry even though the Church objects * Some officials practice simony—selling religious offices * Kings use lay investiture to appoint bishops
* Reformers believe only the Church should appoint bishops Reform and Church Organization * Starting in the 1100s, popes reorganize the Church like a kingdom * Pope’s advisors make Church laws; diplomats travel throughout Europe * Church collects tithes; uses money to care for sick or poor New Religious orders

* Dominican and Franciscan orders form
* Friars in these orders vow poverty; travel and preach to the poor * Some new orders for women are founded
Early Cathedrals
* Between 800-1100, churches are built in Romanesque style * Style includes thick walls and pillars, small windows, round arches

A New Style of Church Architecture * Gothic style evolves around 1100; term from Germanic tribe, Goths * Gothic style has large, tall windows for more light; pointed arches * Churches have stained glass windows, many sculptures

* About 500 Gothic churches are built from 1170 to 1270

Goals of the Crusades * Pope wants to reclaim Jerusalem and reunite Christianity * Kings use Crusades to send away knights who cause trouble * Younger sons hope to earn land or win glory by fighting (although historian Rodney Stark in God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades disagrees with that theory because the first three crusades were led by the heads of the royal families of Europe). * Later, merchants join Crusades to try to gain wealth through trade. First Crusade: 1096-1099

* Pope promises Crusaders who die a place in heaven
* First Crusade: three armies gather at Constantinople in 1097 * Crusaders capture Jerusalem in 1099
* Captured lands along coast divided...

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2. But feuds among leaders, geographic barriers, and local nationalism shattered that dream of unity.
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4. These new nations wrote constitutions modeled on that of the United States
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6. True democracy failed to take hold
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1. The existing social and political hierarchy barely changed.
2. Creoles simply replaced peninsulares as the ruling class.
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5. The new constitutions guaranteed equality before the law, but deep-rooted inequalities remained.
6. Voting rights were limited
7. Many people felt the effects of racial prejudice.
The Search for stability
1. With few roads and no tradition of unity, regionalism, or loyalty to a local area, weakened the new nations.
2. Local strongmen, called caudillos, assembled private armies
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Immigrate - come to live permanently in a foreign country.
Pilgrim - a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons.
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-industrialized communist nations
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-all but the Soviet Union
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-third world
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-it has not changed too much, they just adapt to new situations
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Page Ref: 774
-Mexican revolution
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-United States
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-1910
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...
02.03 The Crusades: Assessment
Historians have learned a great deal about the Crusades from chroniclers like William of Tyre and Ibn al-Qalanisi. Today, reporters and newscasters travel all over the world to report on international events, including conflicts. Reporters and world leaders use social media outlets like Twitter and Facebook to connect with the public. Imagine what we might know had there been access to television, cell phones, and social media in the 13th century.
Time to imagine there was social media during the Crusades! Your assignment is to write posts that certain important figures could have written had social media existed. You will write one post for each of the following: Pope Urban II, Peter the Hermit, William of Tyre, Saladin, and Richard the Lionheart. Each post will tell about events of the Crusades from the point of view of each figure. Organize your posts in this chart. As you prepare each post, keep the following points in mind:
5 Posts- You should have a total of five written posts, one for each figure. Use your own words. You will submit the posts in the chart to your instructor.
Accurate Details - Include details about the events and the historical figures involved in each time period. Include dates, if available. Make sure your posts are in chronological order, and note that a person can only write social media posts when alive. (For example, you should not write a post for Pope Urban II that follows the...