7. Unto the men (of a family) belongeth a share of that
which parents and near kindred leave, and unto the women a share of that
which parents and near kindred leave, whether it be little or much. A legal
share.

The rights and concessions about orphan
children were mentioned in the previous verses. Even that Allah Almighty
cleared most petty affairs, which belonged to it, viz. The Mahr (the
money or its value incumbent on the husband) of orphan girls should be given
without fail, their training and bringing them up should be supervised
properly. They should be looked after constantly until they reach the marriageable
age. Their property should not be misappropriated. Their wealth should not be
finished quickly due to the fear of their adolescence. And when the time of
returning the property comes because of their becoming matured, it should be
done formal in front of the witnesses.

Before the apostleship of the Messenger of
Allah Almighty, Muhammad (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him), it
was a tradition that the daughters could not get the share from the
inheritance, either they might be little or older, including the sons who might
not reach the marriageable age too. Only the elder sons, who were able to fight
against their enemies, were considered heirs. It was the main cause that the
orphan children were not given any part of share from the inheritance. This
verse was revealed about those people. It has been ordered that the sons whether
they are adult or little, they will get the share from the hereditary property
of parents and near kindred as well as the daughters whether they are adult or
little, will also get their share. This verse has finished the traditions of
the period of ignorance and safeguarded the rights of orphan children;
violation of their rights has been stopped. Detail about fixation of the share
of right from the property of a deceased person will be discussed in the next
section.

The Heritage Law of Islam is incomparable and
has an Exemplary position in the world. Only the sons are considered sharer of
the wealth of any deceased person in the maximum countries of the world. No share
is given to the daughters. At some places, only elder and adult sons out of the
children are imagined rightful heirs and successors.

Islam
produced a perfect pattern of justice and equity, fixed the lawful and rightful
shares of daughters also like the sons and of the women like other heir men
too. The non-Muslims are being necessitated also to accept this Law of Islam in
this reign of justice and equation.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman
Script & Translated from Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall, Published by PaakCompany, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to
English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/cdor1NTNxBk

6. And test orphans till they reach the marriageable
age; then, if ye find them of sound judgment, deliver over unto them their
fortune; and devour it not by squandering and in haste lest they should grow
up. And whoso (of the guardians) is rich, let him abstain generously (from
taking of the property of orphans); and whoso is poor let him take thereof in
reason (for his guardianship). Then when ye deliver up their property unto
orphans, have (the transaction) witnessed in their presence. Allah sufficeth
as a Reckoner.

It has been commanded in this verse, “Continue
bringing up and educating the orphans, and testing their sense and
comprehension at times till they reach the marriageable age; then, if you find
them of sound judgment, then deliver up their property and wealth to them.
However if you find that they do not have the required intellect even after
reaching the marriageable age, then according to the sect of Imam Abu
Hanifah, you would have to wait till the age of twenty five years. During
this tenure, whenever he/she seems a wise person, then deliver over the wealth
and property to them. Otherwise, hand them over their wealth and property after
reaching the age of twenty-five years in each condition.

Spending the wealth of orphans more than
necessity is forbidden. Do not finish their property in haste due to the
intimidation that after reaching the marriageable age, the orphan will get back
his/her property. The guardian should not spend the wealth of orphan for his
personal use. However, if the guardian is poor then he can take some property
propitious to his services in the reason for his guardianship.

Whenever, father of any child dies then it is
important to hand over the wealth of orphan with its written detail to a
guardian before some Muslims. And when the orphan reaches the marriageable age,
then according to that written detail his/her wealth should be gotten returned
and how much has been spent out of it, its detail should be explained to the
orphan.

Moreover,
refund of the property/wealth should be in the presence of the witnesses so
that if any dispute arises in future, then the witnesses may help in its
settlement. Allah Almighty is Protector and Reckoner of every thing, He does
not need any witness or account Himself. It has been determined for the ease of
the people only.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from
Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall,
Published by PaakCompany, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to
English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/YDm2Z3m7uDQ

Sadu-qaati-hinna – {free
gift of women’s marriage portions (who are married recently)}, sadu-qaat is
plural of sadaqah which is also used in the meanings of
charity, zakaat (alms-giving). Here it has been used for the
money or its value incumbent on the husband as a right of the women (whom you
marry).

Matrimony and other orders regarding wives
have been described in these verses. Allah Almighty commands, Give unto the
women (whom you marry) free gift of their marriage portions happily at your
own, whether anybody urges you to pay or not. As though, if you do so then
there is no objection to marry the orphan girls. Objection is in that case if
there is a risk of shortness in paying the money or its value incumbent on the
husband or their any right.

If the woman of her own accord remits her
husband a part thereof with her own pleasure or returns it whole to him after
receiving, then there is no harm, the husband can take it happily and absorb it
in his wealth. The wife can remit the entire money incumbent to her husband
too.

haniii-‘am-mariii-‘aa – (with pleasure and
love), the meal, which seems delicious and a person accepts it with pleasure,
that is called haniii-‘an and mariii-‘an is
that meal which becomes part of the body and means of health and personal
strength after digestion.

It has been directed about the little
children; particularly the orphans come first out of them that until they are
unintelligent, their wealth should not be handed over to them, which Allah
Almighty has provided for the humankind’s arrangements of livelihood. But you
should preserve their wealth entirely and save it from misappropriation until
those children do not become able to understand the difference between profit
and loss, good and bad. However, feed and clothe them from it, and satisfy them
by speaking kindly that entire wealth is for them, we are protecting it only as
their well-wishers. When you will become sensible, this wealth will be handed
over to you.

We
should considerate, meditate and obey these orders, which Allah Almighty has
given to us about the orphans and women. We should pray for Divine guidance to
act upon them. Not only the feeding and the clothing but also speaking kindly
and fair talk is included in the goodness.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from
Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall,
Published by PaakCompany, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to
English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/VMYgS6NcFg0

3. And if ye fear that ye will not deal fairly by the
orphans, marry of the women, who seem good to you, two or three or four; but
if ye fear that ye cannot do justice (to so many) then one (only) or (the
captives) that your right hands possess. Thus it is more likely that ye will
not do injustice.

‘Aymaanun - (right hands),
it is plural of yamiin which means ‘the right hand’. Whenever
any person catches anything, he catches it usually with his right hand.
Therefore, to disclose complete grip of the hand (possession) upon anything, it
is said in Arabic idioms, “His right hand is Master of that thing.” That is to
say, “he has complete and strong hold on it, for example slave and maid etc.

In this part of the verse, special attention
has been drawn towards the orphans because there is none ordinarily to care for
them. They can be victim of tyranny by any cruel person easily. If you marry
the orphan girls, that should not be for the purpose of desire, greed and to
take possession of wealth, but that should be only for their interest and
benefit. And if it is difficult to escape from these uncomely affairs, then let
the orphan girls remain in their own circumstances and marry some other woman.
And if you wish, you can marry who seem good to you, two or three or four. In
this case, you have to be more careful to do justice between them. If you
cannot do justice to so many wives then marry one only or the maid (captive)
that your right hands possess, sustain upon her only. That is nearer to
justice.

It is important to understand particularly two
or three matters in connection with this verse:

Firstly, if you fear that you will not deal fairly by the orphan
girls then do not marry them. However, you can marry even four other
women.

Secondly, fundamental condition for marrying more than one is that
you would have to establish justice between the wives (which is a very
much difficult matter to do so as it has been described at another place
also in this chapter).

Thirdly, if you have fear that you would not be able to do justice
and equality between the wives then you should be satisfied with the
captive woman only.

It
means that the matrimony more than one is not open and common but that is bound
with the condition of justice.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from
Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall,
Published by PaakCompany, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to
English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/K2EqJkI30TQ

Yataamaaa – (orphans)
those children, who do not have their parents, particularly father.

Khabiisan – (the
bad), that is to say; impure, unreal and unclean.

Huuban – (punishment for a fault
distressing), such sin and burden, result of which is; misfortune and disaster.

It is evident from the name of this Chapter “’An-Nisaaa’ ”
that the matters regarding the women will be discussed especially along with
their rights and duties in it. Therefore, in the primary verses, at first, it
has been cleared that the birth of man and woman takes place from the same one
body. Consequently, sobriety and God-fearing should be considered as actual
standard of excellence, and treat all of them with kindness and kinship.

Now in the second verse, it is being
commanded, “Do not seize the wealth of orphans.” Committing so is; just like
mixing the impure in to the pure. If any person uses the wealth of orphan
unlawfully, as though, he is making his lawful and pure earnings also as
unlawful, impure and bad. As any person makes water-filled glass impure by
putting a few drops of urine in to it, likewise by taking over (snatching
through any means) insignificant and a little wealth of the orphan, he makes
unlawful entire earning of his life.

Purpose of revelation of this verse is told
so, that there was excessive wealth of a person’s orphan nephew in his care.
When his nephew became adult, he demanded his wealth, but his uncle denied to
hand him over. At that occasion, this verse was revealed, listening to it the
uncle returned his orphan nephew’s wealth and said, “We obey Allah Almighty and
His Messenger (grace, glory, blessing and peace be upon him)”.

It has also been described that it does not
mean that snatching the wealth other than orphan is lawful and you would not be
punished. No! Wealth of others is unlawful for you too, whether he/she is
anyone. Saying this sin huuban- kabiiraa (a great sin), the
importance of the reality of sin and badness has been cleared, so that nobody
may remain in doubt.

At
first; treating the relatives with kindness, mercy and kinship was emphasized,
then behavior with the orphans was explained and at the end, it has been
advised to correct the affairs with the entire children of Adam (peace be upon
him). It is the actual Spirit of Islam.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from
Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall,
Published by PaakCompany, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to
English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/9buiegbeYuM

1. O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Lord Who
created you from a single soul and from it created its mate and from them
twain hath spread abroad a multitude of men and women. And be careful of your
duty toward Allah in Whom ye claim (your rights) of one another, and toward
the wombs (that bare you). Lo! Allah hath been a Watcher over you.

Nafsin – (soul, person, matter), from which,
any other thing is created. Here it aims, Prophet Adam (peace be upon him),
from the left rib of whom, Eve (peace be on her) was brought out. And from this
couple, entire other human beings were born.

Zawjun – (couple, pair), when one thing is
completed by mixing up with the other, and without the other, it remains half,
then these both things are called “couple” of each other.

‘Arhaamun – this word is plural
of rihm or rahm. Rihm means “the womb”
and rahm means mercy, kindness, pity and sympathy. That is to say;
it aims kindness and kindred (both), however, here it aims “kindred”.
Arrangement of loving and treating one’s relatives nicely has come out from the
same.

This verse signifies towards the creation of
the first humankind i.e. Adam (peace be upon him), then Eve (his wife) was
created from his (peace be upon him) left rib as his mate and from them twain,
Allah Almighty has spread abroad a multitude of men and women in the world. It
means that the woman is weak a little than the man. Lord Almighty is such God
Who nourishes and provides entire necessary things to the human beings.
Therefore, it is compulsory for us to bear His orders and Pleasure in our minds
in every matter and every time, and we should escape from His displeasure. Even
in each mutual matter, every person points towards Allah Almighty for His sake,
but there is a dire need to have fear of His displeasure in our hearts and we
should not be disobedient of our Lord at any cost.

While the entire humankind are children of one
man and one woman (Adam and Eve) (peace be upon them), then they have very deep
mutual relationship with one another likewise brothers and sisters of one
another. Therefore, everybody should try; not to harm someone else. However,
they should help and sympathize mutually. It is important to guide towards good
deeds, to save from evils and errors, to help in difficulties, to look after
with spirit and wealth at the time of necessity, to keep providing comfort and
consolation among ourselves. Close relatives need more attention to be looked
after. We should not forget it also that besides our relatives, we have human
relation with the entire human beings of the earth. Whenever the time comes,
good behavior is incumbent with everyone. ‘Arhaam has been
derived from the word (plural of) rahm which means mercy,
kindness, loving and treating one’s relatives nicely.

The children of Adam (peace be upon him) have
been addressed in the verse that they should have fear of That Existence (Allah
Almighty), Who created them. This order of God-fearing is for the entire
humanity. Piety for the disbelievers is that they should embrace Islam, believe
in Allah Almighty as only One God, Muhammad (grace, glory, blessings and peace
be upon him) as Allah’s last Messenger out of other entire prophets/Messengers
(peace be upon them), Qur’an as last Holy Book out of all
Scriptures which has never been changed, nor it is possible to be changed by
anyone in future.

Piousness
for the Muslims is that they should remain steadfast in their belief and do
good deeds.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from
Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall,
Published by PaakCompany, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to
English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/DDf_yZRITTU

Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.(In the name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

This Chapter of Holy Qur’an,named ‘An-Nisaaa’ (The
Women)was revealed in Madinah. There are 176 verses and 24
Sections in this Surah. Mutual relationship between the Man and the
Woman has been described particularly in this Surah that which
rights and duties they would have to perform for one another, how the relatives
must be treated, how the social evils can be removed, which method would be
better to live altogether and what are the benefits of living as a unit (one
community) with one another?

Being a mankind, men and women, both are equal
because soul of both of them is the same. Care especially for the orphans. Do
not marry fatherless girls for your own advantage by losing them. You can marry
two, three, or four common women at a time on the condition that you should do
justice among them and you should not seize the rights of any woman. When you
will be able to understand the rights of women correctly, then you will become
justice and wise in getting the orphans married yourselves.

After that, law of distributing the
inheritance has been explained in detail. Then punishment to the men and women
upon their unacceptable deeds has been prescribed. Time and method of penitence
has been revealed. Then there is mention about those women; with whom the
marriage is unlawful. During the reign of last Messenger (grace, glory,
blessings and peace of Allah Almighty be upon him), there was a class of slaves
and bondwomen, the method, how to treat them, has been stated.

Then it is commanded: Do not take forcible
possession of others’ property or wealth. However, willingly business is lawful
through trade. Do not kill one another. The people are very different from one
another in their personal physical strength and knowledge. Friendly
relationship can be in such a manner that everybody would understand the limit
of his capabilities and do his job remaining in it. There is much open
difference between male and female. Therefore, they should never compete with
each other. The person, who will work remaining in personal limits, shall get
its fruit and will succeed. The relationship among husband and wife cannot be
at too much variance after deeming to this extent. If either behavior of the
husband is quite correct but the wife begins to molest or opposite to it, then
it becomes very necessary somehow to correct the violent.

Following two important laws have been
described in this chapter. Mankind’s betterment, goodness and welfare depend on
them:

Any person, who has capability of any work, that is to say; he/she
can perform any particular work in a very good manner, he/she should be
appointed for such work. Likewise, everything should be given to the
rightful. It should not be so, that the deserving person remains deprived
of any particular thing and the unworthy person takes its possession. It
is the key to soundness of the society.

Obey the commandments of Allah Almighty and His Messenger (grace,
glory, blessings and peace be upon him) and the person, who is much at
home in any particular work, follow him/her in that work and act upon
his/her guidance. Find settlement/decision in the Commandments/Sayings
(Holy Qur’an and Hadith) of Allah Almighty and His
Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him), in case of
difference of the opinions. These Commandments/Sayings (Laws) are spirit
of the management of the government.

Afterwards the way of deeds regarding the
Hypocrites has been discussed that they do not agree to the decisions of the
Messenger of Allah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) and
have more confidence in other people.

Then people are prevailed to be prepared for
the crusade of religion because it is compulsory to save the weak Muslims from
the tyranny of cruel disbelievers. The behavior of Hypocrites has also been
reproached in it. These people behold nothing but their own benefit/advantage.
To kill any Muslim intentionally is a very severe sin and its punishment is wrath
of Allah Almighty and Fire of the Hell. If anybody kills a Believer mistakenly,
due to error or omission, then expiation should be paid for it.

The prayers during journey and in the
condition of fear have been explained that if there is threat of enemy’s
assault and the time of prayer has started then how it would be offered.

After
that, belief in a plurality of Allah Almighty (polytheism) has been mentioned
that it is an unpardonable sin. Remain with the group and use to discuss the
matters regarding introduction of good deeds, methods of correction and mutual
relationships during reciprocally meetings. Keep correct and good faith in
Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him). At the end, remaining principles regarding
inheritance have been described.

Transliterated Holy Qur’an in Roman Script & Translated from
Arabic to English by Marmaduke Pickthall,
Published by PaakCompany, 17-Urdu Bazaar, Lahore, Lesson collected from Dars e Qur’aan published By Idara Islaah wa Tableegh, Lahore (translated Urdu to
English by Muhammad Sharif). https://youtu.be/6zhd8rQa4EU