Various surgical models (hemorrhoidectomy, herniorrhaphy, bunionectomy or total knee arthroplasty) and routes of administration (wound infiltration, subcutaneous, epidural or nerve block) were studied.

"With bunionectomy surgery, the most severe pain occurs within the first 24 hours and, accordingly, that's where we observed the greatest benefit of MoxDuo®IR relative to its components in terms of pain relief," added Holaday.

But while a bunionectomy involves cutting and repositioning bone, and upwards of two months of recovery on crutches, the new Mini TightRope option relies on a minimally invasive toe-binding process that ultimately promises to reduce pain and allow for crutch-free walking while cutting recovery time by more than half.