We describe the macroscopic model components needed to adequately represent traffic network with managed lanes: multi-commodity traffic flow, policy for junctions with multiple input and multiple output links, and local traffic assignment, where vehicles of certain types may choose between multiple downstream links.
We then discuss how this theory applies to modeling of freeways with HOV and HOT lanes, and show techniques that reproduce phenomena inherent to HOV/T traffic: the inertia effect and the friction effect. The inertia effect reflects drivers’ inclination to stay in their lane as long as possible and switch only if this would obviously improve their travel condition. The friction effect reflects the empirically observed drivers’ fear of moving fast in the HOV lane while traffic in the adjacent GP links moves slowly due to congestion.