MIGRAINE and Norco

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MIGRAINE Symptoms and Causes

What are Migraines?

Migraines are a recurring type of headache. They cause moderate to severe pain that is throbbing or pulsing. The pain is often on one side of your head. You may also have other symptoms, such as nausea and weakness. You may be sensitive to light and sound.

What causes Migraines?

Researchers believe that Migraine has a genetic cause. There are also a number of factors that can trigger a Migraine, including

Stress

Anxiety

Hormonal changes in women

Bright or flashing lights

Loud noises

Strong smells

Medicines

Too much or not enough sleep

Sudden changes in weather or environment

Overexertion (too much physical activity)

Tobacco

Caffeine or caffeine withdrawal

Skipped meals

Medication overuse (taking medicine for Migraines too often)

Certain foods and food additives such as

Alcohol

Chocolate

Aged cheeses

Monosodium glutamate (MSG)

Some fruits and nuts

Fermented or pickled goods

Yeast

Cured or processed meats

Who is at risk for Migraines?

About 12 percent of Americans get Migraines. They can affect anyone, but you are more likely to have them if you

Are a woman. Women are three times more likely than men to get Migraines.

Have a family history of Migraines. Most people with Migraines have family members who have Migraines.

Have other medical conditions, such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, sleep disorders, and epilepsy.

What are the symptoms of Migraines?

There are four different phases of Migraines. You may not always go through every phase each time you have a Migraine.

Prodome. This phase starts up to 24 hours before you get the Migraine. You have early signs and symptoms, such as food cravings, unexplained mood changes, uncontrollable yawning, fluid retention, and increased urination.

Aura. If you have this phase, you might see flashing or bright lights or zig-zag lines. You may have muscle weakness or feel like you are being touched or grabbed. An aura can happen just before or during a Migraine.

Headache. A Migraine usually starts gradually and then becomes more severe. It typically causes throbbing or pulsing pain, which is often on one side of your head. But sometimes you can have a Migraine without a headache. Other Migraine symptoms may include

Increased sensitivity to light, noise, and odors

Nausea and vomiting

Worsened pain when you move, cough, or sneeze

Postdrome (following the headache). You may feel exhausted, weak, and confused after a Migraine. This can last up to a day.

Migraines are more common in the morning; people often wake up with them. Some people have Migraines at predictable times, such as before menstruation or on weekends following a stressful week of work.

How are Migraines diagnosed?

To make a diagnosis, your health care provider will

Take your medical history

Ask about your symptoms

Do a physical and neurological exam

An important part of diagnosing Migraines is to rule out other medical conditions which could be causing the symptoms. So you may also have blood tests, an MRI or CT scan, or other tests.

How are Migraines treated?

There is no cure for Migraines. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing additional attacks.

There are different types of medicines to relieve symptoms. They include triptan drugs, ergotamine drugs, and pain relievers. The sooner you take the medicine, the more effective it is.

There are also other things you can do to feel better:

Resting with your eyes closed in a quiet, darkened room

Placing a cool cloth or ice pack on your forehead

Drinking fluids

There are some lifestyle changes you can make to prevent Migraines:

Stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, and biofeedback, may reduce the number and severity of Migraines. Biofeedback uses electronic devices to teach you to control certain body functions, such as your heartbeat, blood pressure, and muscle tension.

Make a log of what seems to trigger your Migraines. You can learn what you need to avoid, such as certain foods and medicines. It also help you figure out what you should do, such as establishing a consistent sleep schedule and eating regular meals.

Hormone therapy may help some women whose Migraines seem to be linked to their menstrual cycle

If you have obesity, losing weight may also be helpful

If you have frequent or severe Migraines, you may need to take medicines to prevent further attacks. Talk with your health care provider about which drug would be right for you.

Certain natural treatments, such as riboflavin (vitamin B2) and coenzyme Q10, may help prevent Migraines. If your magnesium level is low, you can try taking magnesium. There is also an herb, butterbur, which some people take to prevent Migraines. But butterbur may not be safe for long-term use. Always check with your health care provider before taking any supplements.

MIGRAINE Clinical Trials and Studies

Treatments might be new drugs or new combinations of drugs, new surgical procedures or devices, or new ways to use existing treatments. The goal of clinical trials is to determine if a new test or treatment works and is safe. Clinical trials can also look at other aspects of care, such as improving the quality of life for people with chronic illnesses. People participate in clinical trials for a variety of reasons. Healthy volunteers say they participate to help others and to contribute to moving science forward. Participants with an illness or disease also participate to help others, but also to possibly receive the newest treatment and to have the additional care and attention from the clinical trial staff.

To compare the occurrence and severity of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) associated with CL-108 to Norco.; To demonstrate the efficacy of CL-108 when compared to placebo for the relief of pain following surgical removal of impacted third molar teeth.; Reduction of the severity of nausea in patients treated with an opioid-containing pain reliever.; Reduction of vomiting in patients treated with an opioid-containing pain reliever.

Drug: Morphine PCA started at the end of surgery, 1 Percocet 1/325mg every 4 hours; may receive a second Percocet if needed.; Drug: For the 30ml ropivacaine the intervention would be the subject can request extra pain medication which would be Percocet and/or morphine PCA.

To estimate the prevalence and histologic spectrum of liver injury in an adult with Alpha-1 Antitrypsin deficiency and a genotype of ZZ.; To identify environmental and host risk factors for clinically significant liver fibrosis.; To define the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive markers of fibrosis in AAT liver disease.; To explore epigenetic markers for the development of liver fibrosis.; To quantify liver fibrosis progression.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately.

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