5) EndosporesA) are bacterial reproductive structures.B) can be produced when nutrients are scarce.C) are produced by bacteria, algae, and fungi.D) are resistant to everything except radiation.E) can last for only about 100 years.

7) Which of the following characteristics does NOT distinguish the archaea from the bacteria?A) the types of transfer RNA usedB) the rRNA sequences presentC) the deoxyribonucleotidesD) cell wall compositionE) cell membrane composition

C

8) The archaea known as halophilesA) require temperatures above 45C to survive.B) require salt concentrations of 9% or greater to survive.C) are members of the phylum Euryarchaeota.D) are members of the Euryarchaeota and require temperatures above 45C.E) are members of the Euryarchaeota and require salt concentrations above 9%.

E

9) The largest known group of archaea is theA) thermophiles.B) halophiles.C) cyanobacteria.D) methanogens.E) hyperthermophiles.

D

10) Which of the following types of microbes might be found in the Dead Sea?A) hyperthermophilesB) phototrophic bacteriaC) methanogensD) actinomycetesE) halophiles

E

11) Which of the following groups of bacteria lives in environments similar to those that may have existed on the early Earth?A) deeply branching bacteriaB) cyanobacteriaC) mycoplasmasD) thermophilesE) proteobacteria

A

12) Which of the following statements regarding cyanobacteria is FALSE?A) They are oxygenic.B) Many perform nitrogen fixation.C) They contain chlorophyll a.D) They may have given rise to mitochondria.E) Some are motile.

17) Which of the following bacterial genera produce(s) endospores?A) BacillusB) ClostridiumC) LactobacillusD) both Bacillus and LactobacillusE) both Bacillus and Clostridium

E

18) Which of the following bacterial genera includes species that protect areas of the body such as the intestinal tract and the vagina from invasion by pathogens?A) StaphylococcusB) ListeriaC) LactobacillusD) MycobacteriumE) Corynebacterium

C

19) Which of the following groups of bacteria is named for its resemblance to fungi?A) CorynebacteriumB) ActinomycesC) ClostridiumD) LactobacillusE) Staphylococcus

B

20) Which of the following bacterial genera is used for the degradation of environmental pollutants?A) ActinomycesB) StreptomycesC) CorynebacteriumD) RhizobiumE) Nocardia

E

21) Which of the following is NOT associated with bacteria in the genus Streptomyces?A) the \"musty\" smell of soilB) nutrient recycling in soilC) antibiotic productionD) microbial antagonismE) protection of plants against caterpillars

23) Proteobacteria, which are facultative anaerobes commonly found in mammalian intestines, are members of theA) alphaproteobacteria.B) betaproteobacteria.C) gammaproteobacteria.D) deltaproteobacteria.E) epsilonproteobacteria.

C

24) Members of which of the following genera are the most common sexually transmitted bacteria in the United States?A) BacteroidesB) RickettsiaC) ChlamydiaD) HelicobacterE) Treponema

C

25) Which of the following genera does NOT include intracellular parasites of other cells?A) BdellovibrioB) ChlamydiaC) RickettsiaD) BorreliaE) Legionella

D

26) Unusual cellular extensions called prosthecae are associated with which of the following groups of proteobacteria?A) alphaB) betaC) gammaD) deltaE) epsilon

A

27) Which of the following bacterial genera plays an important role in environmental nitrogen cycles?A) NitrobacterB) RhizobiumC) AzospirillumD) both Nitrobacter and RhizobiumE) Nitrobacter, Rhizobium, and Azospirillum

29) Classification of bacteria into different phyla is based on comparisons involving which of the following?A) DNA sequencesB) cell wall compositionC) protein sequencesD) both DNA and protein sequencesE) DNA and protein sequences, as well as cell wall composition

31) Which of the following statements regarding pseudomonads is FALSE?A) They are Gram-negative rods.B) They are symbiotic with plants for nitrogen fixation.C) They often contaminate food products.D) They include Pseudomonas and Azotobacter.E) They cause urinary tract infections.

35) Which of the following statements regarding mycoplasmas is FALSE?
A) They are low G + C bacteria.
B) They stain Gram-positive.
C) They are pleomorphic.
D) They exhibit a \"fried egg\" appearance on solid media.
E) They are the smallest free-living cells.

39) The bacterium Bacillus cereus is
A) an endospore former.
B) a frequent contaminant of milk and meat.
C) responsible for food poisoning from rice.
D) the cause of gastric ulcers.
E) an endospore former responsible for food poisoning from rice.

41) One species of the genus Streptococcus is the leading cause ofA) tuberculosis.B) urinary tract infections.C) contaminated milk and meat.D) \"flesh-eating\" bacterial infections.E) food poisoning from rice.