Banking in Greece is an industry that has an average leverage ratio (assets/net worth) 16 to 1, and short-term liabilities equal to 35% of the Greek GDP or 38% of the Greek national debt, as of 11 October 2008.[1]
On the 29th of June 2015 banks were shut down and capital controls were imposed.As of October 2018, the capital controls were brought to an end[2]

1.
Agriculture in Greece
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Greek agriculture employs 528,000 farmers, 12% of the total labor force. It only produces 3. 6% of the national GDP, a large number of the countrys immigrants are employed in the agricultural sector of the economy, as well as construction and public works. Currently, Greek agriculture is heavily subsidized by the Common Agricultural Policy, certain deductions of subsidies are planned within the next decade. Greece produces a variety of crops and livestock products. Fisheries are also playing an important role while forestry plays a secondary role, in the 19th century, Greek agriculture was very basic. Implements found in western Europe had not yet appeared, even in the immediate neighborhood of Athens it is common to find the wooden plow and the rude mattock which were in use 2,000 years ago. Fields are plowed up or scratched over, and crops replanted season after season, fertilizers are not used to any appreciable extent, and the farm implements are of the very rudest description. Irrigation is in use in districts, and, as far as I can ascertain. Greece has olives and grapes in abundance, and of quality not excelled, Greek agricultural production was vastly expanded in the 20th century, as per the information given elsewhere on this page. In particular grain production has significantly increased using more modern farming methods. There were over 8,000 farms in all of Greece in 1998, the main varieties of domestic wheat produced in Greece during 2002 were FLAVIO, VAVAROS and MEXA. Notable products include Greek olive oil, Kalamata olive, Zante currant, Greek wine, Fava Santorinis, Krokos Kozanis, Florina pepper, mastic, raisin and tobacco

2.
Bank of Greece
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The Bank of Greece is the central bank of Greece. Its headquarters is located in Athens on Panepistimiou Street, but it also has branches across the country. It was founded in 1927 and its operations started officially in 1928, the building that houses it headquarters until this day was completed ten years later, in 1938. The Bank of Greece is listed on the Athens Exchange, the Bank of Greece, a member of the European System of Central Banks, is the national central bank of Greece and was established by Law 3424/7 December 1927. The shares of the Bank of Greece are registered and have listed on the Athens Exchange since 12 June 1930. It is a state owned S. A. share company with special privileges, with special restrictions. It cannot operate as a bank and the percentage of shares that can be under Greek state ownership cannot exceed 35%. It has a staff of more than 3,000 employees, the primary objective of the Bank of Greece is to ensure price stability in Greece. It also supervises the banks and acts as a treasurer. Its Euro banknotes printer identification code is Y, Bank of Greece also sells gold sovereigns. The chief officer of the Bank of Greece is the Governor, a During the Axis occupation of Greece, Governor Kyriakos Varvaresos followed the Greek government in exile to London. Nevertheless, after the liberation, all dismissals and appointments by occupation-era governments concerning members of the administration of the Bank of Greece were declared null, the deputy governor is the Banks second-in-line officer. Traditionally, the Deputy Governors main remit is administration, whereas Governors supervise monetary policy at large, the collaborationist governments in Greece fired Mantzavinos in 1941 and appointed Andreas Papadimitriou and Spyridon Hatzikyriakos as Deputy Governors. Nevertheless, after the liberation, all dismissals and appointments by occupation-era governments concerning members of the administration of the Bank of Greece were declared null and void. Banking in Greece List of banks in Greece General, Economy of Greece European System of Central Banks Hellenic Parliament June 2015 Page 22 Bank of Greece official site

3.
National Bank of Greece
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The National Bank of Greece is a global banking and financial services company with its headquarters in Athens, Greece. From the operations in Greece come 85% of its pretax preprovision profits, the group offers financial products and services for corporate and institutional clients along with private and business customers. Services include banking services, brokerage, insurance, asset management, shipping finance, the group is the second largest Greek bank by total assets and the second largest by market capitalisation of 2.09 Billion Euro as at 30 January 2017. It is the largest by deposits in Greece, it is not the largest by assets in Greece and it is third largest by Greek loan assets trailing Piraeus Bank and Alpha Bank. The Swiss banker Jean-Gabriel Eynard and Georgios Stavros founded NBG in 1841 as a commercial bank, Stavros was also elected as the first director of the Bank until his death in 1869. From NBGs inception until the establishment of the Bank of Greece in 1928, when the Athens Stock Exchange was founded in 1880, NBG immediately listed on the exchange, a listing it has retained to the present. The bank is listed on the Athens Exchange, it is a constituent of the FTSE/Athex Large Cap index. From 1999 to 2015 it was listed on the New York Stock Exchange, at its founding the major shareholder of the National Bank was the Greek state with 1,000 shares out of 3,402. Rothshild Frères Paris bought 50 shares and Jean-Gabriel Eynard bought another 50 shares in their name to boost the prestige of the new bank. It used to have the right of note issue, which it lost in 1928 when the newly established Bank of Greece took over as the countrys central bank. In 1899 NBG acquired the Privileged Bank of Epirus and Thessaly, andreas Syngros had founded the bank in Volos in 1882. Unfortunately, the bank was unable to recover from his death, the arrival of the 20th Century saw NBG begin its international expansion. In 1904 NBG established Banque d’Orient, together with Nationalbank für Deutschland, the Greeks kept the branches in Thessaloniki, Smyrna and Alexandria. Three years later, NBG chose Cyprus as the location for its first branch outside Greece, NBG became government-owned during the First World War when NBG refused to finance new military equipment for the Greek government. The government then passed a law that permitted the government to appoint its own people to the Banks board, in 1919 NBG acquired the Bank of Crete. However, in 1923 the Treaty of Lausanne provided for an exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey, leading to the departure of the Greeks from Smyrna. As a result, Banque d’Orient closed its branch there, the 1930s saw further international expansion. In 1930 NBG and Bank of Athens combined their activities in Egypt into a joint subsidiary, two years later, NBG acquired Banque dOrient

4.
Transport in Greece
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Transport in Greece have undergone significant changes in the past two decades, vastly modernizing the countrys infrastructure. These upgrades have played a key role in supporting Greeces economy, roads, total,117,000 km paved,107,406 km unpaved,9,594 km over 2500 underground tunnels ETHEL organizes mass bus transit in Athens. ILPAP organizes mass trolleybus transit in Athens, OASTH organizes mass bus transit in Thessaloniki. Companies named Astiko KTEL provide mass bus transit in many of the cities of Greece. KTEL is the name for every company which is responsible for intercity. Most of the units, though, have their own regional network of buses. The 80 km system consists of three coastal canals including the Corinth Canal and three unconnected rivers, www. Greek-Motorway. Net The Hellenic Merchant Maritime Sector, A Historical and Business Overview

5.
Greek economic miracle
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The Greek economic miracle is the period of sustained economic growth in Greece from 1950 to 1973. During this period, the Greek economy grew by an average of 7. 7%, from 1941 to 1944, during World War II, Axis occupation of Greece and the fierce fighting with Greek Resistance groups had unprecedented devastating effects on the infrastructure and economy. Forced loans demanded by the regime severely devalued the Greek drachma. After the end of the war, there was a civil war until 1949. By 1950, the position of the Greek economy had dramatically deteriorated. The income per capita in purchasing power fell from 62% of Frances in 1938 to about 40% in 1949. Greek growth rates were highest during the 1950s, often exceeding 10%, industrial production also grew annually by 10% for several years, mostly in the 1960s. Growth initially widened the gap between rich and poor, intensifying political divisions. In total, the Greek GDP grew for 54 of the 60 years following World War II, marginal GDP contractions were recorded in the 1980s, although these were partly counterbalanced by the evolution of the Greek black economy during that time. Between the early 1970s and 1990s, double-digit inflation, often closer to 20% than 10%, was normal until monetary policies were changed to comply with the criteria for joining the Eurozone

6.
Greek government-debt crisis
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The Greek government-debt crisis is the sovereign debt crisis faced by Greece in the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007–08. The government enacted 12 rounds of tax increases, spending cuts, and reforms from 2010 to 2016, at that time, debt levels had reached €323bn or some €30,000 per capita. The 2001 introduction of the euro reduced trade costs among Eurozone countries, labour costs increased more in peripheral countries such as Greece relative to core countries such as Germany, eroding Greeces competitive edge. As a result, Greeces current account deficit rose significantly, a trade deficit means that a country is consuming more than it produces, which requires borrowing/direct investment from other countries. Both the Greek trade deficit and budget deficit rose from below 5% of GDP in 1999 to peak around 15% of GDP in the 2008–2009 periods, one driver of the investment inflow was Greeces membership in the EU and the Eurozone. As the Great Recession spread to Europe, the amount funds lent from the European core countries to the countries such as Greece began to decline. A country facing a “sudden stop” in private investment and a debt load typically allows its currency to depreciate to encourage investment. This was not possible while Greece remained on the Euro, instead, to become more competitive, Greek wages fell nearly 20% from mid-2010 to 2014, a form of deflation. This significantly reduced income and GDP, resulting in a recession, decline in tax receipts. Unemployment reached nearly 25%, from below 10% in 2003, significant government spending cuts helped the Greek government return to a primary budget surplus by 2014. In January 2010, the Greek Ministry of Finance published Stability, the report listed five main causes, poor GDP growth, government debt and deficits, budget compliance and data compatibility. Causes found by others included excess government spending, current account deficits, after 2008, GDP growth was lower than the Greek national statistical agency had anticipated. The global financial crisis had a large negative impact on GDP growth rates in Greece. Two of the countrys largest earners, tourism and shipping were badly affected by the downturn, the Ministry intended to implement real expenditure cuts that would allow expenditures to grow 3. 8% from 2009 to 2013, well below expected inflation at 6. 9%. Overall revenues were expected to grow 31. 5% from 2009 to 2013, secured by new, higher taxes, the deficit needed to decline to a level compatible with a declining debt-to-GDP ratio. The debt increased in 2009 due to the higher than expected government deficit, in addition to structural reforms, permanent and temporary austerity measures were needed. After 1993, the debt-to-GDP ratio remained above 94%, the crisis caused the debt level to exceed the maximum sustainable level. Budget compliance was acknowledged to need improvement, for 2009 it was found to be a lot worse than normal, due to economic control being more lax in a year with political elections

7.
Greece
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Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, historically also known as Hellas, is a country in southeastern Europe, with a population of approximately 11 million as of 2015. Athens is the capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki. Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast. Greece consists of nine regions, Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands, Thrace, Crete. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km in length, featuring a vast number of islands, eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres. From the eighth century BC, the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as polis, which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea. Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century BC, becoming a part of the Roman Empire and its successor. The Greek Orthodox Church also shaped modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World, falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century, the modern nation state of Greece emerged in 1830 following a war of independence. Greeces rich historical legacy is reflected by its 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, among the most in Europe, Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life, and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the member to join the European Communities and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001. Greeces unique cultural heritage, large industry, prominent shipping sector. It is the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor, the names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. The earliest evidence of the presence of human ancestors in the southern Balkans, dated to 270,000 BC, is to be found in the Petralona cave, all three stages of the stone age are represented in Greece, for example in the Franchthi Cave. Neolithic settlements in Greece, dating from the 7th millennium BC, are the oldest in Europe by several centuries and these civilizations possessed writing, the Minoans writing in an undeciphered script known as Linear A, and the Mycenaeans in Linear B, an early form of Greek. The Mycenaeans gradually absorbed the Minoans, but collapsed violently around 1200 BC and this ushered in a period known as the Greek Dark Ages, from which written records are absent. The end of the Dark Ages is traditionally dated to 776 BC, the Iliad and the Odyssey, the foundational texts of Western literature, are believed to have been composed by Homer in the 7th or 8th centuries BC. With the end of the Dark Ages, there emerged various kingdoms and city-states across the Greek peninsula, in 508 BC, Cleisthenes instituted the worlds first democratic system of government in Athens

8.
HSBC
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HSBC Holdings PLC is a British multinational banking and financial services holding company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is the sixth largest bank by total assets and the largest in Europe with total assets of US$2.374 trillion. It was established in its present form in London in 1991 by The Hongkong, the origins of the bank lie mainly in Hong Kong and to a lesser extent in Shanghai, where branches were first opened in 1865. The HSBC name is derived from the initials of the Hongkong, the company was first formally incorporated in 1866. The company continues to see both the United Kingdom and Hong Kong as its home markets, HSBC has around 4,000 offices in 70 countries and territories across Africa, Asia, Oceania, Europe, North America and South America, and around 37 million customers. As of 2014, it was the worlds sixth-largest public company, HSBC is organised within four business groups, Commercial Banking, Global Banking and Markets, Retail Banking and Wealth Management, and Global Private Banking. HSBC has a primary listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Hang Seng Index. As of 6 July 2012 it had a capitalisation of £102.7 billion. It has secondary listings on the New York Stock Exchange, Euronext Paris, in February 2015 the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists released information about the business conduct of HSBC under the title Swiss Leaks. The ICIJ alleges that the bank profited from doing business with tax evaders, in 2016, HSBC was sued by Mexican families involved in deaths by organised-crime gangs for processing funds for the Sinaloa Cartel. It was formally incorporated as The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation by an Ordinance of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong on 14 August 1866, in 1980, HSBC acquired a 51% shareholding in US-based Marine Midland Bank, which it extended to full ownership in 1987. HSBC Holdings acquisition of Midland Bank was completed in 1992 and gave HSBC a substantial presence in the United Kingdom. As part of the conditions for the acquisition, HSBC Holdings plc was required to relocate its world headquarters from Hong Kong to London in 1993. In May 1999, HSBC expanded its presence in the United States with the purchase of Republic National Bank of New York for $10. 3bn. Expansion into Continental Europe took place in April 2000 with the acquisition of Crédit Commercial de France, in July 2001 HSBC bought Demirbank, an insolvent Turkish bank. In July 2002, Arthur Andersen announced that HSBC USA, Inc. through a new subsidiary, Wealth, the new HSBC Private Client Services Group would serve the wealth and tax advisory needs of high-net-worth individuals. Then in August 2002 HSBC acquired Grupo Financiero Bital, SA de CV, in November 2002, HSBC expanded further in the United States. Under the chairmanship of Sir John Bond, it spent £9 billion to acquire Household Finance Corporation, in a 2003 cover story, The Banker noted when banking historians look back, they may conclude that was the deal of the first decade of the 21st century

9.
UniCredit
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UniCredit S. p. A. is an Italian global banking and financial services company. Its network spans 50 markets in 17 countries, with more than 8,500 branches and its strategic position in Western and Eastern Europe gives the group one of the regions highest market shares. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, the company has its registered office in Rome and general management in Milan. UniCredits core markets are Italy, Austria, Russia, Southern Germany, the UniCredit Group has investment banking divisions in New York City, London, Hong Kong, Milan, Munich, Vienna, Budapest and Warsaw. UniCredit Group was the outcome of the 1998 merger of several Italian banks, Credito Italiano issued about 38. 46% new shares to the owners of Unicredito, and renamed itself to Unicredito Italiano. Other banks such as Banca dellUmbria, Cassa di Risparmio di Carpi, Cassa di Risparmio di Trento e Rovereto, a new subsidiary was also created in December 1999 which was named after the original Credito Italiano. In 1999, UniCredito Italiano, as it was then known, UniCredit Private Banking and UniCredit Banca dImpresa was spin off from it in 2003. In 2005, UniCredit merged with the German group HVB, which is formed in 1998 by the combination of two Bavarian banks, Bayerische Vereinsbank and Bayerische Hypotheken-und Wechsel-Bank. Integration with the HVB Group was reinforced by the merger with Bank Austria Creditanstalt in the year 2000, however, this merger was only marginally profitable. Additionally, Bank Austria Creditanstalt was a shareholder in Bank Medici AG. Bank Medici was Thema Funds investment manager, in return for finding investors, Bank Medici collected fees of 4.6 million euros from Thema International Fund in 2007. On 30 June 2005 Banca dellUmbria and Cassa di Risparmio di Carpi were absorbed into the parent company, in 2006 the securities services business of UniCredit was sold to Société Générale for €579.3 million. In 2006, minority interests in Bra, Fossano, Saluzzo, in 2007, in combination with the Capitalia Group, the fourth-largest Italian banking group, UniCredit Group consolidated and strengthened its position, but added considerably to its overhead costs. The registered office of the bank was relocated from Genoa to 17 via Minghetti. In the same year, two acquisitions were carried out, ATF Bank, which ranks fifth out of domestic banks in Kazakhstan with 154 branches, and Ukrsotsbank. With these two banks the Group extended its operations in area to 19 countries. However, in November 2012, Kazakh government sources declared UniCredit is in talks with Kazakh investors over the sale of a stake in ATF Bank. In 2010, UniCredit S. p. A. absorbed its Italian banking subsidiaries, UniCredit Banca, Banca di Roma, in 2013 UniCredit Finance informed that they would no longer provide banking services in Latvia

10.
Citibank
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Citibank is the consumer division of financial services multinational Citigroup. Citibank was founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York, Citibank provides credit cards, mortgages, personal loans, commercial loans, and lines of credit. The bank has a total of 2,649 branches in 19 countries, the U. S. branches are concentrated in six metropolitan areas, New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Washington, D. C. and Miami. In 2016, the United States accounted for 70% of revenues, aside from the U. S. and Mexico, most of the companys branches are in Poland, Russia, India and the United Arab Emirates. As a result of the crisis of 2007–2008 and huge losses in the value of its subprime mortgage assets, Citigroup. On November 23,2008, in addition to an investment of $25 billion. By 2010, Citibank had repaid the loans from the Treasury in full, including interest, the City Bank of New York was founded on June 16,1812. The first president of the City Bank was the statesman and retired Colonel, Samuel Osgood, during Taylors ascendancy, the bank functioned largely as a treasury and finance center for Taylors own extensive business empire. In 1865, the joined the U. S. s new national banking system. By 1868, it was one of the largest banks in the United States, by 1893 it was the largest bank in New York, which was forbidden to U. S. national banks. In 1918, IBC became a wholly owned subsidiary and was merged into the bank. The same year, the bank evacuated all of its employees from Moscow and Petrograd as the Russian Civil War had begun, by 1919, the bank had become the first U. S. bank to have $1 billion in assets. Charles E. Mitchell, also called Sunshine Charlie Mitchell, was elected president in 1921 and in 1929 was made chairman, under Mitchell the bank expanded rapidly and by 1930 had 100 branches in 23 countries outside the United States. In 1933 a Senate committee, the Pecora Commission, investigated Mitchell for his part in tens of millions of dollars in losses, excessive pay, senator Carter Glass said of him, Mitchell, more than any 50 men, is responsible for this stock crash. In following years, branches in Germany and Japan closed, with the handling, in 1945, $5.6 billion in Treasury securities for War. In 1960, his cousin, David Rockefeller, became president of Chase Manhattan Bank. Following its merger with the First National Bank in 1955, the changed its name to The First National City Bank of New York. Later to become part of MasterCard, the bank introduced its First National City Charge Service credit card – popularly known as the Everything Card – in 1967, in 1976, under the leadership of CEO Walter B

11.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946