book 1
Introduction
Importance and Magnitude of the Subject
The Starting-point of the History
Comprehensive View
The Romans in
Sicily
Roman Dominion in
ItalyMessene
and
Rhegium
The Rise of Hiero II
Hiero Defeates the Mamertines
The Mamertines and
Rome
Rome Supports the Mamertines
Appius Drives Off the Carthaginians
The First Punic War; Plan of the First Two Books
Philinus and Fabius Pictor
Misrepresentations of Philinus and Fabius
King Hiero and
Rome
The Siege of
Agrigentum
Relief Comes from
Agrigentum
Fall of
Agrigentum
The Romans Build Ships
Gn. Cornelius Scipio Asina Surrenders
The Victory of
Mylae
Operations in
Sicily
Further Operations in
Sicily
The Battle of Ecnomus
Preparations for Battle
The Battle of Ecnomus
The Siege of Aspis
The Siege of Aspis
Regulus in
Africa
Distress at
Carthage
Xanthippus of
Sparta
The Defeat of Regulus
Roman Defeat
Lessons from the Event
Xanthippus Leaves
Carthage
The Roman Fleet Wrecked
The Romans Build More Ships
The Carthaginians Prosperous
Roman Victory at
Panormus
Siege of
Lilybaeum
The Topography of
Lilybaeum
Treason in
Lilybaeum
A Fruitless Sortie
Running the Blockade
Hannibal the Rhodian
The Rhodian is Captured
The Roman Siege-Works Burnt
The Roman Fleet Sails for
Drepana
The Roman Fleet Meets Resistance
Naval Battle Off Drepana
Roman Transports for the Camp
Carthalo Attackes the Roman Transports
Shipwreck of the Roman Fleet
The Romans Take Mount Eryx
Hamilcar Barcas' Seven Years in Hercte
The Two Sides Evenly Matched
Hamilcar Besieges the Romans at
Eryx
The Romans Once More Build a Fleet
Battle of the Aegusian Islands
The Battle of Aegusa
End of the First Punic War
The Longest and Harshest War in History
Why
Rome
is No Longer a Naval Power
The Sequel of the First Punic War
Mischief Brewing Among the Mercenaries
The Beginning of the Outbreak
The Mercenaries Accept an Arbitration
Mathōs and Spendius
Gesco and His Staff Arrested
Despair at
Carthage
Revolt in the Country
The Carthaginians Prepare
Failures of Hanno
Hamilcar Barcas Becomes Commander in Chief
Hamilcar Barcas Defeats Spendius
Mathos Harasses Hamilcar
Narávas Joins Hamilcar
The Mutineers Resolve to Murder Gesco
The Murder of Gesco
Atrocities of the Mutineers
Revolt of
Hippo Zarytus
and
Utica
Hippo and Utica Join the Rebels
Hamilcar's Tactical Superiority
Hamilcar Captures Spendius
Mathōs Captures Hannibal
Final Defeat of the Mutineers
Aftereffects in Hippo,
Utica
, and
Sardinia
book 2
Recapitulation of Book 1
Situation in
Illyria
The Illyrians Relieve Medion
Death of Agron of
Illyria
Queen Teuta's Pirates
The Aetolians and Achaeans Support the Epirotes
A Band of Gallic Mercenaries
Queen Teuta and
Rome
Teuta Sends Out Another Fleet
Illyrian Victories
Corcyra Submits To the Romans
Teuta Agrees to Pay Tribute to
Rome
Jealousy At Rome of Hasdrubal In Spain
Cisalpine Gaul
Grain Production in Cisalpine Gaul
Rivers and Mountains in Northern Italy
Gallic Settlements In the Valley of the Po
Early Conflicts between Gauls and Romans
Gallic Wars
The Boii Attack the Romans and Lose
War with Insubres and Boii and Gaesatae
Several Gallic Tribes Join Forces
The Roman Forces
Forces Available to the Romans
Defeat of the Romans Near Faesulae
Aemilius Deters the Gauls
Atilius Meets the Gauls
The Gauls Defeated On Their Way Home
A Peculiar and Surprising Battle
Great Slaughter of the Gauls
Aemilius Returns Victorious
Victory Over the Insubres
Tactics Against the Gauls
Capture of
Mediolanum
and End of the War
Character of the Gauls
Hasdrubal Dies and Hannibal Succeeds Him
Greece At This Time
Origin of the Name "Achaean"
The First Achaean League
Unification of the
Peloponnese
The Second League
Policy of the Achaean League
Margos First Sole Strategus
Death of Demetrius
The Aetolians Envy the Achaeans
Intrigues of the Aetolians
The Cleomenic War
Aratus Involves
Megalopolis
Message to Antigonus Doson from Aratus
Antigonus Doson Will Help the League
The Achaeans Must Appeal to Antigonus
Antigonus Doson at the Isthmus
Cleomenes Returns to
Sparta
after the Achaeans Take Argos
Antigonus Doson Appointed Generalissimo
Capture of
Megalopolis
The Credibility of Phylarchus
The Treatment of
Mantinea
The Mantineans Turn Over their City to the Lacedaemonians
Execution of Aristomachus
Crimes of Aristomachus
The Loyalty of the Megalopolitans
The Wealth of
Megalopolis
Cleomenes Invades Argolis
Cleomenes Invades Argos
Battle of
Sellasia
The Two Armies Line Up
Battle Begins
Skill and Gallantry of Philopoemen
Defeat of Cleomenes
End of the Introductory Period
Conclusion of Book 2
book 3
Summary of the Work
Plan: Causes of Wars
Plan: Events in
Greece
Extension of the First Plan of the Work
The True Theory of Historical Causes
Causes of the Second Punic War
Fabius Pictor on the Cause of the Punic War
The Credibility of Fabius Pictor
First Cause of the Second Punic War
Second Cause of the War
Hannibal's Oath
Statesmen Must Pay Attention to Motives
Hannibal Succeeds to Command in
Spain
Hannibal Attacks the Vaccaei
Hannibal Defies the Romans
War in
Illyria
Hannibal Takes
Saguntum
Demetrius Fortifies Dimale
Illyrian War Successfully Finished
Rome's Reaction to the Fall of
Saguntum
Romans Demand Surrender of Hannibal
Treaties between
Rome
and
Carthage
Division of Territory
Treaties Between Rome and
Carthage
The Third Treaty
Treaties Between Rome and
Carthage
The Fourth Treaty
No Reasonable Pretext for
Rome
to Claim Sardinia
The Roman Case For War
Both Sides Are in the Wrong
The Value of Such Discussions
This History is Not Difficult to Understand
Hannibal's Preparations
Hannibal Contacts the Celts
Hannibal Crosses the
Pyrenees
Geography of Hannibal's March
Three Geographic Divisions of the World
Unknown Areas in the North and the South
The Length of Hannibal's March
Gauls Attack the Military Colonies
The Consuls Set Out to
Iberia
and
Libya
The Passage of the
Rhone
Hannibal's Troops Begin to Cross
Hannibal Addresses His Men
Skirmish between Reconnoitring Parties
The Crossing
of the Elephants
Previous Histories of this March either False or Inconsistent
Absurd Premises of Other Historians
Scipio Is Too Late To Stop Hannibal
Hannibal Harassed By the Natives
The Gauls Attack the Baggage Train
Treachery of the Gauls
The White Rock
The Descent Into
Italy
Snow
Hannibal Reaches the Plains
The Limits of History
Necessity of Refuting Past Errors
Recent Advances in Geography
Hannibal Attacks the Taurini
Approach of Scipio
Gallic Prisoners
Harangues of Hannibal and Scipio
Scipio Crosses the
Ticinus
Cavalry Engagement on the
Ticinus
Scipio Crosses the Po
The Gauls Join Hannibal
Tiberius Sempronius Joins Scipio
A Skirmish Near the Trebia
Tiberius
Sempronius Plans to Attack
Hannibal Prepares An Ambush
Preparations for Battle
The Battle of the Trebia
The Romans Retreat to
Placentia
Better Success in
Spain
Gnaeus Scipio in
Spain
Hannibal's Treatment of Roman Prisoners
Hannibal Marches Southward
Hannibal Goes Through the Marsh
Flaminius in Hannibal's Way
A General Must Know his Enemy's Character
Flaminius Enticed Out
Hannibal Takes a Position in the Valley
The Disaster At the Thrasymene Lake
Roman Reaction
A Second Disaster in Etruria
Quintus Fabius Maximus
Hannibal Marches Through Iapygia
Fabius Defers Battle
Hannibal Enters Campania
Fertility and Beauty of the Plains Near
Capua
Hannibal Selects Winter Quarters
The Cattle With the Burning Fagots
Fabius Returns to
Rome
Hasdrubal Equips a Fleet
Naval Success of the Romans In Spain
Spanish Hostages Given Up To the Scipios
Treason of Abilyx
The Boys are Restored to Their Native Cities
Hannibal In Apulia
Successes of Minucius
The Romans Capture the Carthaginian Foragers
Minucius Made Co-Dictator
Minucius In Difficulties
Cautious Fabius Saves the Day
New Consuls Elected
Hannibal Occupies
Cannae
Aemilius Paulus Harangues the Army
Paulus's Speech Continued
Skirmishes Before
Cannae
Hannibal Encourages his Troops
The Armies Face To Face
The Order of Battle
Arms of the Libyans, Iberians, and Celts
The Battle of
Cannae
The Slaughter At Cannae
Superiority in Cavalry Wins Battles
The Consequences of the Battle of
Cannae
book 4
Review of Achaean History
Why Begin With This Period of History
Dorimachus In the
Peloponnese
Dorimachus Leaves
Messene
The Revenge of Dorimachus
Acts of Hostility Against Macedonia,
Epirus
, and
Acarnania
.
Strength and Weakness of Aratus
Character of Aratus
Dorimachus Consents To Depart
Aratus Dismisses the Achaean Troops
Bad Strategy of Aratus
The Achaeans Defeated
Aratus Denounced For His Failure
Aratus is Denounced and Defends Himself
Lukewarmness of the Allies
The Aetolians and Illyrians Invade Achaia
Factions At Cynaetha
Treason of the Cynaethans
More Aetolian Outrages
Music in
Arcadia
Why the Ancient Arcadians Turned to Music
Philip V. In the
Peloponnese
Differences of Opinion Among the Lacedaemonians
the King Decides Not to Punish
Sparta
War Declared With the Aetolians
Opening of the Social War
Disingenuous Policy of the Spartans
The Wars in
Italy
,
Greece
, and Asia Become Interlaced
The Illyrians and Acarnanians Join
The Acarnanians Enter the War
Mistaken Policy of the Messenians
The Messenians Too Much Inclined to Peace
Troubles In
Sparta
Machatas Addresses the Spartan Public
Restoration of Royalty In
Sparta
Machatas Proposes Foreign War to Quell Domestic Strife
Universal War
Byzantium
The Black Sea
The Black Sea Being Silted Up
Flow of the
Danube
into the
Black Sea
Concentration of Salt
The Site of
Byzantium
Contrast between
Byzantium
and Calchedon
Disadvantages of Byzantium On Land
Byzantium
, The Gauls, And Rhodians
The Byzantines Institute a Toll
Achaeus and Prusias I. of
Bithynia
Complaints of Prusias
The War between
Rhodes
and Byzantium Begins
Byzantium
,
Rhodes
, and Prusias Treaties
Cavarus, Gallic King, Negotiates Peace
War In Crete
Polyrrhen and
Lappa
Join the Alliance
Raid of Aetolians In the
Peloponnese
Philip Starts for
Aetolia
The Aetolians Repulsed At Aegira
Euripidas
Philip Advances Southward
Philip Arrives in
Epirus
Scopas Destroys Dium
Philip's Aetolian Campaign
Philip Marches Toward Metropolis
Philip Takes Paeanium
Philip Recalled To
Macedonia
Philip Returns To the
Peloponnese
Euripidas Intends to Attack Sicyon
Euripidas Deserts the Eleans
Philip In
Arcadia
Philip Captures
Psophis
The People of Psophis Surrender
The Wealth of
Elis
Peace the Only Unquestioned Blessing
Capture of
Thalamae
Popularity of Philip In the
Peloponnese
Phillidas and the Aetolian Troops Arrive
Continued Success of Philip
Surrender of Typanae and
Phigalia
The People of Lepreum Evict the Garrisons
Chilon's Fruitless Attempts In
Sparta
Intrigue of Apelles Against Aratus
Philip Captures the Wall
Aratus Defends Himself
Apelles Repeats his Accusation to Aratus Before Philip
Aratus is Cleared
Further Intrigues of Apelles
book 5
The Situation in the Summer of B. C.
218
Philip Decides to Fight at Sea
Philip In Cephallenia
Philip Besieges Palus
Philip Invades Aetolia
Aristophanes the Acarnanian Joins Forces with Philip
A Rapid March To Thermus
Thermus
Plunder and Sacrilege At Thermus
The Present Philip Compared to his Ancestors
Philip's Crime and Blunder
Philip Should Not Receive All the Blame
The Return From Thermus
Skirmish at Stratus
Megaleas and Crinon Fined
Arrival at
Leucas
Philip Comes to
Corinth
Philip Appears At Sparta
Philip Marches Through
Laconia
Philip's Return Opposed
Lycurgus Goes Out to Resist
Position of
Sparta
and Disposition of Troops
Defeat of Lycurgus Near Sparta
Philip Proceeds to
Tegea
Leontius, Megaleas, and Ptolemy Rouse the Guard
Leontius Calls In Apelles
Execution of Leontius
Death of Megaleas
Disturbed State of
Achaia
Aratus Elected Strategus
Return to Narrative of the War in
Coele-SyriaDimidium Facti Qui Coepit Habet
, Well Begun is Half Done
Previous "Universal" Histories Not Really Universal
Weakness of Ptolemy Philopator
Cleomenes Asks for Help from
Egypt
Cleomenes In Alexandria
Sosibius Plots Against Cleomenes
Cleomenes Is Arrested
Death of Cleomenes
Origin of War in
Coele-Syria
The Royal Family of
Syria
Antiochus Encouraged to Attack
Coele-Syria
Revolt of Molon In Media
Geography of Media
Xenoetas Sent Against Molon
Xenoetas Has Early Success
Molon Withdraws Toward Media
The Fall of Xenoetas
Hermeias Overruled
Death of Epigenes
Antiochus Marches Through Mesopotamia
Antiochus Advances Against Molon
Disposition of Troops
Defeat and Death of Molon
Artabazanes Makes a Treaty with Antiochus
Death of Hermeias
Achaeus Attempts Treason
Seleucia
Description of
Seleucia
Capture of
Seleucia
Theodotus Proposes to Help Antiochus
Invasion of
Coele-Syria
Preparations In Egypt
Training of Soldiers
Reform of the Egyptian Army
Antiochus Puts his Troops in Winter Quarters
Claims of Antiochus and Ptolemy
Antiochus Attempts to Complete his Conquest
Antiochus Forces the Pass of Porphyrion
Antiochus Takes More Towns
Continued Success of Antiochus
Achaeus Sends Aid to Pednelissus
Defeat of the Selgians
Panic at
Selge
Achaeus At
Selge
Death of Logbasis
Expedition of Attalus
Attalus Conciliates the Gauls
Forces Available to Antiochus and Ptolemy
Antiochus Advances To Raphia
Theodotus Attempts to Assassinate Ptolemy
Dispositions For the Battle of
Raphia
Each King Exhorts His Army
The Elephants in the Battle
Victory of Ptolemy
The Losses on Each Side
A Year's Truce Between Antiochus and Ptolemy
Earthquake At
Rhodes
Royal Gifts
Generosity of Other Princes
Lycurgus Returns to
Sparta
Lycurgus Cannot Take
Messenia
Condition of
Megalopolis
Aetolian Raids
More Raids
Agetas Leads the Aetolians Against
Acarnania
Philip Secures His Frontier
Importance of Careful Measurement
Capture of Thebes In Phthiotis
Thebes
Renamed
Philippopolis
Philip Hears of Thrasymene
Philip and the Aetolians Discuss Peace
Philip Goes to
Naupactus
The Cloud in the West
The Peace is Ratified
Greece At the End of the Social War
Revolt in
Egypt
Philip's Preparations
Philip Prepares to Invade
Italy
Philip Withdraws to Cephallenia
The Gauls In Asia
book 6
Preface: Political Constitutions
chapter 2
Classification of Constitutions
The Rotation of Polities
The Origin of Constitutions
Origin of Morality and Rule
How Kingship Turns into Tyranny
Degeneration of Constitutions
How Democracy Arises and Degenerates
Lycurgus
The Roman Constitution
The Consuls
The Senate
The People
Division of Political Power At Rome
The Senate Controlled by the People
Powers of the Senate
Interdependency Brings Strength
On the Roman Army
Allocation of Men to the Legions
Fourfold Division of the Legionaries
Arms of the Youngest Roman Soldiers
Arms of the Other Soldiers
Officers of Infantry and Cavalry
Officers and Armour of the Cavalry
The Roman Camp
How the Camp is Constructed
Division by Roads and Squares
Placement of
Triarii, Principes
, and
Hastati
Placement of the Allies
The Camp Market-Place
Arrangements When There Are More Men
Guard Duty and Other Assignments
Daily Orders and Watchwords
Night Watches
The Tribunes' Court
Military Punishments and Rewards
Military Decorations
The Army On the March
Making Camp
Roman Camps Designed for Facility and Familiarity
The Roman Republic Compared with Others
The Athenian Constitution
The Cretan Constitution Compared to the Spartan
Greed Among the Cretans
What Makes a Constitution Good
Institutions of Lycurgus
The Defect in the Spartan Constitution
Sparta Compared with
Rome
Carthage Compared with
Rome
The Causes of Roman Superiority
Roman Funeral Rites
The Glorious Memory of Brave Men Kept Alive
Patriotism and Purity At Rome
Religion Keeps the Roman Commonwealth Together
Conclusion: Dangers Ahead for
Rome
Even Hannibal Acknowledges the Spirit of the Romans
book 7
Capua
and Petelia
Hieronymus of
Syracuse
Hieronymus of
Syracuse
The Treaty with
Carthage
Hieronymus Decides For War
Description of Leontini
Fall of Heronymus
Character of Hiero II
Treaty Between Hannibal and King Philip V. of
MacedonMessene
and Philip V. in B. C.
215
Philip Dissuaded from Taking Messene
Philip's Loss of Popularity
Philip Begins to Become a Tyrant
Aratus a Moderating Influence on Philip
The War of Antiochus with Achaeus
Antiochus Takes
Sardis
The Sack of
Sardis
Sardis Destroyed
book 8
The Necessity of Caution in Dealing with an Enemy
Immense Exertions of
RomeRome
and Carthage Continue to Covet Sardinia and
Sicily
History of Universal Supremacy Must Be a Universal History
Syracuse
's Defenses
Siege of
Syracuse
Archimedes
Other Inventions of Archimedes
The Assault By Land Repulsed
Philip Devastates
Messene
Criticism Of Theopompus
Philip, Alexander, And the Diadochi
Flawed Structure of Theopompus's History
Aratus Poisoned
Philip Takes Lissus in
Illyria
, B.C.
213
Philip V. In Illyria
Bolis the Cretan Agrees to Rescue Achaeus
Bolis Turns Traitor
Antiochus Approves the Plan
The Final Arrangements are Made
Achaeus Takes Precautions
Capture of Achaeus
Antiochus In Armenia
The Gallic King, Cauarus
Antiochus the Great at Armosata
The Hannibalian War — Tarentum
A Bargain Made with Hannibal
Tarentum
Betrayed To Hannibal
Gaius Livius Has a Party
Hannibal Enters Tarentum
Philemenus and his Retinue Get In Too
Massacre of Romans In Tarentum
The Tarentines Themselves Spared
Hannibal Secures
Tarentum
Additional Fortifications
The Tarantines Blockade the Romans
Fall of
Syracuse
, B. C.
212
Beasts of Burden Used as a Defensive Wall
book 9
Extract from the Preface
Why Focus on Actions
The Hannibalian War
The Siege of
Capua
Hannibal Advances Upon Rome
Rome
Saved by Luck
Hannibal In Sight of
Rome
Epaminondas and Hannibal Compared
When Audacity is the Truest Safety
The Spoils of
Syracuse
: Works of Art Taken To Rome
Spain
On the Art of Commanding Armies
Scientific Strategy
Generals Also Need to Know Science
Mode of Calculating Time
Example: Ulysses
Failures Arising From Ignorance
Cleomenes Tries to Take
Megalopolis
Example: Why Nicias Failed at
Syracuse
Need of Some Knowledge of Mathematics
The Computation of the Size of Cities
Estimate of Hannibal
Examples of Actions Contrary to Principles
Estimate of Hannibal
Hannibal's Greed
Hannibal Treats Different Cities in Different Ways
AgrigentumGreece
: Philip Reduces Thessaly
Speech of Chlaeneas
Impiety of Philip
Conclusion of the Speech
Lyciscus Replies To Chlaeneas
Defence of Macedonian Policy
Contrast Between Alexander and the Aetolians
Services of Macedonians To Greece
Sparta
Should Have Allied Herself with the Macedonians
A Mightly Cloud is Coming From the West
Contrast of the Aetolian Policy
Sparta Must Be On Guard Against Attack from
Rome
Philip in
Thessaly
Investment of
Echinus
by Philip
Asia
and
Egypt
Nature of the
Euphrates
River
Embassy from
Rome
to Ptolemy
book 10
The Hannibalian War — The Recovery of
Tarentum
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus in
Spain
, B.C.
210
-206. His Character
Scipio's First Brilliant Success
His Election To the Aedileship
Publius and Lucius Become Aediles
Speech of Publius Scipio to the Soldiers
He Determines To Attack Carthagena
Why New Carthage is a Desirable Target
Laelius and Scipio Proceed to
New Carthage
Topography of
Carthagena
Scipio Briefs His Troops
The Attack On Carthagena Begun
Double Assault By The Romans
Scipio Creates a Distraction
Carthagena Captured and Looted
How the Romans Distribute Booty
Scipio's Treatment of the Prisoners
Scipio's Treatment of Women
The Money
Scipio's Training Regimen
Philopoemen of
Megalopolis
His Birth and Education
Philopoemen's Reforms
How to Drill a Large Company
Philip's Increasing Deterioration
Philip V
Medea and the Palace at
Ecbatana
Antiochus the Great In Media
Antiochus Moves into Hyrcania
Fighting On Mount Labus
Antiochus Reaches Tambrax
Fall of M. Claudius Marcellus
Hannibal's Greatness
The Submission of the Edetani to Scipio
General Defection to the Romans
Difficulty of Making Good Use of a Victory
Hasdrubal Comes to a Decision
Hasdrubal and Scipio Prepare to Fight
Scipio Attacks Hasdrubal
Scipio Refuses the Title "King"
Affairs in
Greece
: Philip V. Called In Against the Aetolians
Reinforcements Sent to Various Cities
Fire signals
Methods of Signalling
An Improved Method
Improvements In Signalling
Importance of Practice
Antiochus Crosses the Arius
Antiochus Engages the Bactrians
book 11
Death of Hasdrubal
Hasdrubal's Conduct in His Last Battle
The Romans Celebrate a Victory
A Plea For Union In Greece
Dangers of the Treaty With Rome
Philip In Aetolia Again
Philip Vandalizes Thermus
Faults of the Achaean Officers
Philopoemen in the
Peloponnese
, B. C.
207
Philopoemen and Machanidas
Arrangement of Forces at
Mantinea
Battle of
Mantinea
Efficiency of Mercenaries
Machanidas Changes his Plan
Defeat of the Lacedaemonians
Philopoemen Seizes an Opportunity
Army of Machanidas Put to Flight
Fall of Machanidas
The Hannibalian War Continued
Scipio in
Spain
, After the Battle of the Metaurus
Futile Attack by Mago
Defeat of Hasdrubal Son of Gesco
Scipio Outflanks the Enemy
Carthaginians Driven From
Spain
Scipio Suppresses A Mutiny in
Spain
Scipio's Plan to Punish the Rebels
Suppression of the Mutiny
Scipio Harangues the Mutinous Troops
Scipio's Speech Continued
Execution of the Ringleaders
Scipio Proposes to Fight Andobales
Scipio Defeats Andobales
Scipio's Return To Rome
Antiochus Moves from
Bactria
Through Interior Asia
book 12
Geography of Libya
The Lotus
Timaeus Wrong about Libya
The Errors of Timaeus
Aristotle's Account of Locri is Correct
The Epizephyrian Locrians
Timaeus and the Character of a Historian
Timaeus Criticises Aristotle
Timaeus's Statement of Method
The Investigations of Timaeus
Timaeus's Use of Chronological Records
Timaeus On Divination
Timaeus On Demochares and Agathocles
No Place in History for Abusive Language
Timaeus Blinded by Personal Malignity
The Laws of Zaleucus
A Criticism on Ephorus and Callisthenes
The Battle of Issus
Callisthenes Vague on Alexander's Movements
Inaccuracies about Tactics
Worst Misstatement of Callisthenes
Further Absurdities
Timaeus Exalts Timoleon To Excess
Timoleon. Phalaris
General Remarks on Timaeus as an Historian
Sophistical Commonplaces
An Historian Needs Practical Experience
Mere Inquiry Is Insufficient
book 13
The Aetolians
Scopas Goes to Egypt
Philip's Treacherous Conduct, B. C.
204
Philip Intrigues Against Rhodes
Distrust between Philip and the Rhodians
Nabis, Tyrant of Sparta, B.C.
207
-192
Nabis's Wife
Nabis Finds a Pretext for War
Antiochus in Arabia, B.C.
205
-
204
book 14
Preface
Scipio Plans To Attack the Punic Camp
Scipio Prepares to Attack Utica by Sea
Syphax and Hasdrubal Are Deluded
The Romans Burn the Enemy Camp
Dreadful Scene In the Burning Camps
Anda Surrenders to Rome
Carthaginians Reinforced and Resolute
Scipio Determines to Attack
Scipio's Victory On the Great Plains
Scipio Fears a Carthaginian Attack on the Fleet
Women at Alexandria
Ptolemy Philopator, B.C.
222
-205
book 15
Speech of Roman Envoys At Carthage
Treacherous Attempt on the Lives of the Roman Envoys
Last Year of the Second Punic War
Scipio Sends the Envoys Home
Both Sides Prepare For Battle
Meeting of Hannibal and Scipio
Conclusion of Hannibal's Speech
Scipio's reply
Dispositions For the Battle of Zama
Scipio's Speech to his Men
Hannibal's Preparations and Speech
The Battle of Zama Begins
Cowardice of the Carthaginians
Victory of Scipio and Flight of Hannibal
Hannibal Did All He Could
Hannibal's Tactics Sound
Scipio Unmoved by Carthaginian Laments
Terms Made After the Battle of Zama
Hannibal Persuades Carthage to Accept These Terms
League Against Ptolemy Epiphanes
Molpagoras of Cius
Philip Rouses the Enmity of the Greeks
The Rhodians Object to Philip's Treatment of Cius
Philip at Thasos
Egypt
Ptolemy Epiphanes Succeeds To the Crown
Another Murder Committed by Agathocles
The Death of Agathocles and his Family
Growing Hatred of Agathocles
Moeragenes Escapes
A Revolt Decided Upon By the Army
A Mob Assembles
The King Surrendered To the Soldiers
The King Conducted to the Stadium
The Massacre of Agathocles and Family
Why Agathocles Died As He Did
Agathocles Not a Good Example of Mutability of Fortune
Agathocles Was Not An Important Person
Antiochus
book 16
Philip V. Wages War with Attalus, King of Pergamum, and the Rhodians.
Great Sea-fight Off Chios Between Philip and the Allied Fleets of Attalus and Rhodes, B. C.
201
Incidents of the Sea-Fight
The Sea-Battle Undecided
Attalus Barely Escapes Capture
Attalus Abandons his Ship but Escapes
Losses in the Battle
Philip Vainly Claims the Victory At Chios
Death of Theophiliscus
The Indecisive Battle of Chios Was Followed by Another Off Lade, in Which Philip Was Partly Successful
Jam cum Rhodiis et Attalo navalibus certaminibus, neutro feliciter, vires expertus.Livy, 31, 14
.
Philip's Operations in Caria, B.C.
201
Description of Iassus
Affairs in Greece
Digression on the Merits of the Historians Zeno and Antisthenes of Rhodes
The Battle of Lade According to Zeno and Antisthenes
Zeno's Account of the Attack on Messene
Some of Zeno's Mistakes Due to Ignorance
Zeno's Account of the Battle of Panium
Zeno's Description Implausible
Zeno Acknowledges His Error
Egypt — Character of Tlepolemus
Intrigues At Alexandria
The War in Coele-Syria
Scipio's Triumph
War Between Rome and Philip V
King Attalus At Athens
Athens Votes for War Against Philip
The Romans Warn Philip Not to Attack Greece
Activity and Energy of Philip
The Hellespont Compared with Gibraltar
The Siege of Abydos
The People of Abydos Resolve to Conquer or Die
Courage of the Abydenians
The Fall of Abydos
The Abydenians Carry Out Their Resolution
Rhodes Holds to its Friendship With Rome
A Muster of Achaeans Against Nabis
A Raid Upon Laconia
Philip Tries to Rouse the Achaeans Against Rome
Coele-Syria
book 17
book 18
The War with Philip
Congress of Nicaea
Speech of Alexander Isius
Philip's Response
Philip Retorts On His Accusers
Philip's Answer to the Rhodians and Attalus
A Retort of Flamininus
The Dispute Referred To the Senate
They Agree to Send Envoys to the Roman Senate
Pleadings Before the Senate
The Greeks Ask for Help Against Philip
Greece Assigned to Flamininus
Wise Patriots or Traitors?
Comparison with Philip II and Demosthenes
The Fate of Traitors
Attalus in Sicyon
Attalus and the Boeotians
Roman and Greek Palisading
Flamininus and Philip Nearing Each Other
Both Sides Advance on Scotusa
The Macedonians Send for Help
Skirmishes Before the Main Battle
Flamininus Rouses His Troops
The Battle of Cynoscephalae
The Battle
Philip's Defeat and Flight
Philip Retreats, the Romans Plunder
The Macedonian Phalanx
A Well-Formed Phalanx is Irresistible
Roman Soldiers in More Open Order
Cumbrous Nature of the Phalanx
How the Romans Fight Against a Phalanx
Philip's Conduct After the Battle
Flamininus and the Aetolians At Odds
Comparative Incorruptibility of Romans
Congress at Tempe Begins
Debate In the Congress At Tempe
Philip Comes to the Conference
Peace Terms Agreed On
Foolish Credulity
Asia: King Attalus I
Italy: Treaty with Philip Confirmed
Greece: Murder of Brachylles
Decree of the Senate on the Peace with Philip
The Freedom of Greece
Proclamation At the Isthmian Games
The Commissioners Make Detailed Arrangements
The Commissioners Carry Word Throughout Greece
Asia: Roman Envoys To Antiochus
Conference Between Roman Legates and Antiochus
The King's Reply
Antiochus Demands a Rhodian Court
Egypt: Fall of Scopas
Scopas and Dicaearchus Punished
Anacleteria of Ptolemy Epiphanes
book 19
Summary Based on Livy
book 20
Greece: Antiochus and the Aetolians Meet
The Boeotians Answer Antiochus
Epirus and Elis Ask Antiochus for Help
The Decline of Boeotia
Continued Decline of Boeotia
Disorganised State of Boeotia
Fortune and Degeneracy of the Boeotians
Submission of the Aetolian Officers
The Aetolians Seek a Truce
The Aetolians Do Not Confirm the Terms
The Fate of Nicander
Philopoemen's Disinterestedness
book 21
Embassy from Sparta
Embassy from Philip
The Scipios In Greece
The Athenians Intercede for the Aetolians
Truce With the Aetolians
Asia: Factions at Phocaea
The Rhodian Firing Apparatus
The Aetolian Truce Announced
Antiochus At Pergamum
Antiochus Proposes Peace
Prusias Refuses To Help Antiochus
Pirates
Antiochus Sends an Envoy To Discuss Peace
Antiochus Tries To Negotiate
Scipio Scorns Antiochus's Secret Proposal
Zeuxis and Antipater Sent to Negotiate Peace
The Roman Terms To Antiochus
Eumenes Persuaded to Speak
King Eumenes In the Senate
Eumenes Has Always Been a Friend to Rome
Conclusion of Eumenes' Speech
The Rhodians Address the Senate
Conclusion of the Rhodians' Speech
The Decision of the Senate
The Aetolian War
Fulvius Aims to Fight at Ambracia
Siege of Ambracia
Smoking Out the Enemy
Athens, Rhodes, and Athamania Intercede
End of the Aetolian War
The Treaty With the Aetolians
Terms of the Treaty
The War with the Gauls of Asia
MoagĕTes of Cibyra
Pacification of Pamphylia
Conquest of Pisidia
The Gauls of Asia
A Gallic Woman Takes Vengeance
Attempted Treachery By the Gauls
Cephallenia
Philopoemen Combines What is Right and What is Expedient
chapter 42
Settlement of Asia
The Roman Commissioners Arrive at Ephesus
Treaty With Antiochus
The Romans Burn Antiochus's Ships at Patara
Ariarathes Declared a Friend of Rome
The Commissioners In Asia
book 22
Contents
Sparta and the League
The Murderers of Brachylles
Quarrel Between Lycians and Rhodians
Egypt Under Ptolemy Epiphanes After the Death of Aristomenes (
18, 53, 54
）
Seeds of the Third Macedonian War
Origin of the Last Macedonian War
The Senate Investigates Philip
A Meeting of the Achaean League Parliament
Apollonidas and Cassander Urge Rejection of Eumenes' Gifts
Offers of Eumenes and Seleucus Declined
Caecilius In the Achaean Assembly
Philopoemen on Archon
Caecilius Reports and Ambassadors Respond
Another Commission For Greece
Philip and the Massacre At Maroneia
Philip Hopes to Defer War With Rome
Disputes in Crete
Apollonias, Widow of Attalus
Ostiagon Tries to Become King of All the Gauls
Aristonicus
book 23
Demetrius Before the Senate
Demetrius in the Senate
Philip's Jealousy Roused
The Spartan Ambassadors
Deinocrates of Messene
Ambassadors from the Spartan Exiles
Philip and Perseus are Jealous of Demetrius
Death of Demetrius
The Senate Refuses to Help Either Messene or Achaia
Philip's Desperate Measures
Philip Addresses his Sons
The Fall of Philopoemen
Character of Hannibal
Character of P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus
Submission of the Messenians
Lycortas Defeats Messene
Arguments For and Against Admitting Sparta
Sparta Included In the League
book 24
The Spartan Exiles Refused
Treaty Between the Achaeans and the Messenians
Mount Haemus in Thrace
Troubles in Crete
Attalus Goes to Rome
Murder of Apollonides At Sparta
Chaeron the Spartan Demagogue
Pharnaces Invades Cappadocia
Eumenes and Pharnaces
Callicrates Sent to Rome
Callicrates Turns Traitor
Rome and the Achaean League
Comparison Between Philopoemen and Aristaenus
Aristaenus's Attitude to Rome
Philopoemen's Policy
book 25
Destruction of Celtiberian Cities
The Accession of Perseus
First Acts of Perseus as King
Character and First Measures of Perseus
Lycians Revolt Again
The Dardanian Envoys Complain about Perseus
book 26
Antiochus Epiphanes
book 27
Affairs In Boeotia: The War with Perseus
Romans and Perseus Try to Secure Greece
Rhodes Prepares to Assist Rome
Perseus Sends a Statement to the Greeks
Perseus Sends Alexander to Boeotia
The Boeotians and Rhodians
War With Perseus Begun
Perseus Summons a Council
Moral Effect of Perseus's Successes
The Unthinking Multitude
Invention of the Cestros
Character of Cotys
Indecisive Result of the First Campaign
Dispute at Rhodes
Charops of Epirus
Plot to Kidnap a Roman Consul
Pharnaces, King of Pontus
Attalus Wants his Brother's Honours Restored
Antiochus Protests Ptolemy's War Plans
The Need of Promptness and Persistence
book 28
Antiochus and Ptolemy Appeal to Rome
Embassy from Rhodes
Pressure Put On Achaia and Aetolia
Discussion of the Aetolian Congress
Lycortas Advises Neutrality
Council of the Achaeans
A Speech of Polybius
Perseus Sends Pleuratus to Genthius
Unwise Parsimony of Perseus
Perseus Blames Hippias for the Failure
Heracleum Captured by the Testudo
Achaean Aid To Rome Declined
Marcius Declines Assistance from the Achaeans
Treachery of the Cydonians
The Cydonians Ask Help from Eumenes
Dissensions In Crete and Rhodes
Antiochus Invades Egypt
Antiochus IV. Epiphanes
Envoys Sent to Antiochus
Antiochus Epiphanes In Egypt
Eulaeus Convinces Ptolemy to Give Up the Kingdom
Antiochus Leaves Alexandria
Envoys from Rhodes to Antiochus
book 29
Speech of L. Aemilius Paullus
Gaius Popilius Laenas Sent to Alexandria
Genthius Forms an Alliance with Perseus
Genthius Joins Perseus
Difficulty of Explaining the Intrigues of Perseus and Eumenes
Reasons to Suspect Intrigue between Eumenes and Perseus
Eumenes Intrigues With Perseus
Struggle between Eumenes and Perseus
The Avarice of Perseus
Rhodes Decides to Seek Peace
Turbulent Assembly at Rhodes
Of Proportion In History
Character of Genthius
Scipio Nasica and Fabius Maximus Volunteer to Outflank the Macedonians
A Cretan Deserter Brings Intelligence to Perseus
Battle of Pydna
Perseus Loses His Resolve
Ambitious Youth
The Senate Makes an Example of the Rhodian Ambassadors
Perseus an Example of the Impermanence of Fortune
Uncertainties of Fortune
Further Problems for Eumenes
The Ptolemies Ask Help From Achaia
The Achaeans Agree to Help the Ptolemies
Antiochus Forced To Leave Egypt
Antiochus Renews the War
Popilius Makes Antiochus Stop the War
book 30
Attalus Comes to Rome
Stratius Sent to Attalus
Attalus At Rome
Rhodian Ambassadors Argue Against War
The Rhodians Try To Excuse Themselves
Greek States and the War With Perseus
Examples of Three Classes of Statesmen
Shameless Conduct of the Supporters of Perseus
Polyaratus of Rhodes
Statue-bases for Perseus Used by Aemilius
The Greek Prisoners In Italy
Epirus Also In Turmoil
The Romanising Party Takes Command Throughout Greece
Noisy Scene In A Roman Theatre
How to Hold Good Games
Aemilius in Epirus
Reaction of the Egyptian Kings
Cotys, King of the Odrysae
Prusias and Eumenes
Eumenes Prevented from Visiting Rome
The Athenians and Rhodians
Death of Theaetetus of Rhodes
Public Hatred of Callicrates and His Faction
Delight at Peraea
book 31
War in Crete
Gauls in Asia Granted Autonomy
Grand Festival At Daphne
The King's Behavior at the Festival
Roman Envoys Come to Antioch
Complaints Against Eumenes
The Achaean Prisoners Detained
Envoys from Achaia in the Senate
The Senate Suspicious of Eumenes and Antiochus
Sulpicius Gallus Investigates Eumenes
Death of Antiochus Epiphanes
Demetrius son of Seleucus
Ariarathes of Cappadocia
Ambassadors from Ariarathes to Rome
Rhodes Asks Rome for Calynda
Rhodes Assists Calynda
The Two Ptolemies
The Murder of Octavius
Demetrius Appeals Again to the Senate
Demetrius Plans To Leave Rome
Demetrius Plans His Escape
Demetrius Escapes
No One Notices Demetrius's Absence
Decadence at Rome
The Rhodians Lapse in Dignity
The Two Ptolemies
Ptolemy Physcon Invades Cyrene
Gnaeus Merula Comes to Rome
book 32
The Senate Breaks its Alliance with Ptolemy Philometor
Massanissa Harasses the Carthaginians
Prusias Accuses Eumenes
Demetrius and Ariarathes
Ambassadors from Ariarathes
Isocrates Comes to Rome as Ambassador
Isocrates the Grammarian
Legacy of L. Aemilius Paulus
Scipio the Younger and Polybius
Polybius Responds to Scipio's Speech
Character of the Younger Scipio
Scipio's Generosity to his Mother
Scipio's Liberality
Scipio's Manliness
Scipio's Courage
Scipio's Success Due to his Character
Athens, Delos, Dalmatia, And Aetolia
Issa Complains of Raids by the Dalmations
Death of Lyciscus
Tyranny of Charops in Epirus
Charops of Epirus
Character of Eumenes
War With the Dalmatians
Ariarathes Arrives in Rome
Orophernes, Attalus, And Prusias
The Senate Receives Ambassadors from Epirus
Prusias Destroys the Nicephorium
Prusias and Attalus
book 33
War Against Attalus Prevented
Release of Achaeans Refused
Character of Aristocrates
Suicide of Archias
The Prienians Refuse to Give Orophernes' Funds to Ariarathes
Marseilles Complains about the Ligurians
The Ligurians, Ptolemies, And Prusias
The Senate Appoints Commissioners to Stop the War
The Ligurians Resist Roman Intervention
Ligurian War
Roman Commissioners Visit Attalus and Prusias
Roman Envoys Make Peace Between Prusias and Attalus
Another Embassy from Achaia
War Between Rhodes and Crete
Crete and Rhodes Ask the Achaeans for Help
Unreasonable Actions of the Rhodians
Alexander Balas
Demetrius's Intemperance
The Multitude Will Act on its Feelings
Geographical Fragments
Introduction
Fishing Near Scylla
Fishing for Swordfish
Pytheas
Implausibility of Pytheas's Geography
Distances In the Mediterranean
Gaul and Spain
Portugal and Spain
Geography of Celtiberia
The Alps
Islands Off the Italian Coast
The Via Egnatia
Eratosthenes a Better Authority than Artemidorus
State of Alexandria
book 35
The "Fiery War"
The Celtiberian Wars
The Senate's Instructions to Marcellus
Scipio Volunteers For Spain
Scipio's Spanish Campaign
Cato's Wit
book 36
The Third Punic War
The Romans Find a Justification for War
War With Carthage Resolved Upon
Meaning of Surrender
Speech of Mago Brettius
The Roman Army In Africa
Panic at the Envoys' Report
Character of Hamilcar Phameas
book 37
Views In Greece of Roman Policy
Pseudo-Philip
Polybius Goes to Lilybaeum to Negotiate
Polybius's Self-References
Statues Replaced
Attalus, Nicomedes, And Prusias
Character of Prusias II
Museium in Macedonia
Depopulation of Greece
Death of Massanissa
book 38
Character of Hasdrubal
Misery In Carthage
Consummation of the Misfortunes of Greece
Previous Disasters
Unjust Misfortune Distinguished from Self-Inflicted Loss
Rome and the Achaean League
New Commissioners Sent to Achaia
The Commissioners Arrive in Achaia
Foolish Policy In Achaia
Riotous Scene at Corinth
Violent Policy of Critolaus
book 39
Variety Is Pleasing
Digressions in History
Scipio Intends to Fight
Fall of Carthage
Diaeus Succeeds Critolaus
Character of Pytheas
Diaeus Becomes Strategus
Confusion and Terror in Greece
Diaeus Rejects Metellus's Offers
Safety In Swift Ruin
Fall of Corinth
Destruction of Art in Corinth
Respect for Philopoemen
Roman Settlement of Greece
Polybius Supports the Constitution
Mummius in Greece
Ptolemy Philometor
Conclusion of the History
Shorter Fragments
A: Fragments whose reference is known
B: Fragments of uncertain reference