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October08-1897 211

India-Rubber and Gutta-Percha AND
ELECTRICAL TRADES JOURNAL
Vol, XIV., No. 10. October 8th, 1897. PRICE SIXPENCE
New Series.
PRACTICAL REVIEW OF SOLVENTS AS USED
IN THE INDIA-RUBBER AND GUTTA-PERCHA
INDUSTRIES.
EFFECTUAL UTILISATION AND PKEPARATION OF THE
VARIOUS SOLVENTS. THEIR VARIED NATURE AND
PATENTS INTRODUCED.
Bv A. CAMILLE.
(^Continued from page 192.)
RUBBER SOLUTIONS IN RELATION TO CEMENTS. THOSE who are well acquainted with the rubber
trade can alone appreciate the extent of the
different uses of rubber cements, for we must associate
the majority of these with rubber products, because most
of them have either caoutchouc or gutta-percha as their
basis. It is surprising to most of us that there are now
numerous establishment run solely for the manufacture
of such cements, and we do not greatly exaggerate in
saying that hundreds of thousands of barrels are turned
out annually. Gutta-percha tissue can by the application
of heat be used for cementing by itself without a solvent
being necessary for obtaining the necessary sticking
properties and liquefaction, and it is sometimes utilized
in the making up of shoes, the stamp marks of hats,
the binding of the extremities of trousers, etc., but for
special cementing, solvents with Para gum, good grade
Madagascar and similar fine grade materials must be
chosen.
It is natural that in making a cement we must first
of all find out what is expected of it, and especially we
must find out whether the goods are likely to be exposed
to frequent or continuous damp. Ordinary cement pro­duced
with a good grade gum and dissolved with a
suitable solvent may be thoroughly satisfactory, but
goods exposed to sea air and the direct action of sea
water require special cements, and what is known as
marine glue has proved to successfully resist continuous
moisture. This consists of one part (weight) of scrap
rubber dissolved in twelve parts of coal-tar and a subse­quent
addition of two parts of asphaltum.
The process for preparing the ordinary rubber cement
is comparatively simple, and the manipulations are as
follows :—
The hams of rubber are stripped, one layer after
another thrown off until a pile of thin skins are formed,
which are then put into a developing barrel (known as
a tumbling barrel or muddler), and with this gum is
placed a certain amount of benzine, while the whole is
then allowed to mix by revolving the barrel steadily for
some time. In this manner the rubber will absorb a
sufficient amount of solvent to form a thick, tenacious
paste, and the adhesive properties can then be increased
considerably by an addition of a small proportion of a
light resin.
A similar cement to this is useful in hat manufacture,
and a thinner one of the same kind is used for veneers,
but with regard to cement used in rubber factories it
must be assumed that the spreading of gossamer w ork
is, after all, only a system of cementing. In work of
that kind the cement must be very thin, and on an
average it takes from ei^ht to as many as thirty coats to
obtain the correct thickness for cloth. The cements
for sticking seams or shoe work, on the other hand,
require to be of very good quality, and it would be very
questionable economy to use a poor quality of cement
in those operations. In rubber shoe work a yellow
cement, consisting of the best grades of Para gum and
the more volatile solvents is often employed. To still
further improve the drying quality a little litharge is

India-Rubber and Gutta-Percha AND
ELECTRICAL TRADES JOURNAL
Vol, XIV., No. 10. October 8th, 1897. PRICE SIXPENCE
New Series.
PRACTICAL REVIEW OF SOLVENTS AS USED
IN THE INDIA-RUBBER AND GUTTA-PERCHA
INDUSTRIES.
EFFECTUAL UTILISATION AND PKEPARATION OF THE
VARIOUS SOLVENTS. THEIR VARIED NATURE AND
PATENTS INTRODUCED.
Bv A. CAMILLE.
(^Continued from page 192.)
RUBBER SOLUTIONS IN RELATION TO CEMENTS. THOSE who are well acquainted with the rubber
trade can alone appreciate the extent of the
different uses of rubber cements, for we must associate
the majority of these with rubber products, because most
of them have either caoutchouc or gutta-percha as their
basis. It is surprising to most of us that there are now
numerous establishment run solely for the manufacture
of such cements, and we do not greatly exaggerate in
saying that hundreds of thousands of barrels are turned
out annually. Gutta-percha tissue can by the application
of heat be used for cementing by itself without a solvent
being necessary for obtaining the necessary sticking
properties and liquefaction, and it is sometimes utilized
in the making up of shoes, the stamp marks of hats,
the binding of the extremities of trousers, etc., but for
special cementing, solvents with Para gum, good grade
Madagascar and similar fine grade materials must be
chosen.
It is natural that in making a cement we must first
of all find out what is expected of it, and especially we
must find out whether the goods are likely to be exposed
to frequent or continuous damp. Ordinary cement pro­duced
with a good grade gum and dissolved with a
suitable solvent may be thoroughly satisfactory, but
goods exposed to sea air and the direct action of sea
water require special cements, and what is known as
marine glue has proved to successfully resist continuous
moisture. This consists of one part (weight) of scrap
rubber dissolved in twelve parts of coal-tar and a subse­quent
addition of two parts of asphaltum.
The process for preparing the ordinary rubber cement
is comparatively simple, and the manipulations are as
follows :—
The hams of rubber are stripped, one layer after
another thrown off until a pile of thin skins are formed,
which are then put into a developing barrel (known as
a tumbling barrel or muddler), and with this gum is
placed a certain amount of benzine, while the whole is
then allowed to mix by revolving the barrel steadily for
some time. In this manner the rubber will absorb a
sufficient amount of solvent to form a thick, tenacious
paste, and the adhesive properties can then be increased
considerably by an addition of a small proportion of a
light resin.
A similar cement to this is useful in hat manufacture,
and a thinner one of the same kind is used for veneers,
but with regard to cement used in rubber factories it
must be assumed that the spreading of gossamer w ork
is, after all, only a system of cementing. In work of
that kind the cement must be very thin, and on an
average it takes from ei^ht to as many as thirty coats to
obtain the correct thickness for cloth. The cements
for sticking seams or shoe work, on the other hand,
require to be of very good quality, and it would be very
questionable economy to use a poor quality of cement
in those operations. In rubber shoe work a yellow
cement, consisting of the best grades of Para gum and
the more volatile solvents is often employed. To still
further improve the drying quality a little litharge is