Abstract : The composition and function of gut microbiota play a role in obesity and metabolic disease, yet the mechanisms have not been fully described. As new discoveries and advances in the field have occurred, the relevance of gut microbiota in clinical care has become more substantial. There is promising potential for manipulation of the gut microbiota as treatment of obesity and associated health complications, both as a standalone therapy and as part of interventions such as weight loss. In this review we have compiled knowledge and concepts that are important in the consideration of gut microbiota for clinical care.