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DNA sequences capable of forming G-quadruplex (G4) structures can be predicted and mapped in plant genomes using computerized pattern search programs. Non-telomeric G4 motifs have recently been found to number in the thousands across many plant species and enriched around gene promoters, prompting speculation that they may represent a newly uncovered and ubiquitous family of cis-acting elements. Comparative analysis shows that monocots exhibit five to ten times higher G4 motif density than... Show moreDNA sequences capable of forming G-quadruplex (G4) structures can be predicted and mapped in plant genomes using computerized pattern search programs. Non-telomeric G4 motifs have recently been found to number in the thousands across many plant species and enriched around gene promoters, prompting speculation that they may represent a newly uncovered and ubiquitous family of cis-acting elements. Comparative analysis shows that monocots exhibit five to ten times higher G4 motif density than eudicots, but the significance of this difference has not been determined. The vast scale and complexity of G4 functions, actual or theoretical, are reviewed in relation to the multiple modes of action and myriad genetic functions for which G4s have been implicated in DNA and RNA. Future experimental strategies and opportunities include identifying plant G4-interactomes, resolving the structures of G4s with and without their binding partners, and defining molecular mechanisms through reporter gene, genetic, or genome editing approaches. Given the global importance of plants for food, clothing, medicine, and energy, together with the potential role of G4 motifs as a widely conserved set of DNA sequences that could coordinate gene regulation, future plant G4 research holds great potential for use in plant improvement strategies. Show less

Despite increased rates of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in recent years, literature examining when and how parents of newly-diagnosed youth disclose their diagnosis to them is scarce. Given the increasing number of newly-diagnosed individuals, an exploration of the effects of disclosure on children with ASD is warranted. We conducted a systematic review to identify articles describing the process of disclosing a diagnosis of ASD from the perspective of children, parents, or... Show moreDespite increased rates of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in recent years, literature examining when and how parents of newly-diagnosed youth disclose their diagnosis to them is scarce. Given the increasing number of newly-diagnosed individuals, an exploration of the effects of disclosure on children with ASD is warranted. We conducted a systematic review to identify articles describing the process of disclosing a diagnosis of ASD from the perspective of children, parents, or both. The current review identified five articles reporting qualitative data on the disclosure process. Across studies, most parents were found to have disclosed ASD diagnoses to their children by adolescence, with children and parents exhibiting a variety of reactions. Concerns frequently identified by children and parents included time taken to process the emotional impact of diagnoses, delay between parents receiving diagnoses from clinicians and delivery of those diagnoses to children, concern that the ASD label would result in stigmatization, and the sense that an individual’s past behaviors or symptoms were well-explained by the new diagnosis. Identification of these potential problems may serve as an initial step to inform the development of best-practice guidelines for parental disclosure of ASD diagnoses to youth and further research on this understudied part of the diagnostic process. Show less

We present our understanding of Florida’s paleoclimate for the past ~50 million years (Myr). The paleoclimate of the Florida Platform is closely linked to global paleoclimate. Global climate change over the past 50 Myr is a record of declining atmospheric carbon dioxide, decreasing temperature, and progressive addition of ice sheets. The overall global climate narrative is one of transition from a greenhouse Earth (warm temperatures with higher sea levels) to an icehouse Earth (colder... Show moreWe present our understanding of Florida’s paleoclimate for the past ~50 million years (Myr). The paleoclimate of the Florida Platform is closely linked to global paleoclimate. Global climate change over the past 50 Myr is a record of declining atmospheric carbon dioxide, decreasing temperature, and progressive addition of ice sheets. The overall global climate narrative is one of transition from a greenhouse Earth (warm temperatures with higher sea levels) to an icehouse Earth (colder temperatures with lower sea levels). The early 21st century has been a period of extreme climate conditions in Florida, in that we have already seen very low lake levels, including complete drying of some water bodies for the first time in recorded history. Such complete drying was never reported previously and suggests that we have entered a new climate regime in this millennium. Show less

The Florida peninsula, with its close proximity to the equator surrounded by robust surface and deep water ocean currents, has a unique climate. Generally, its climate is mild with variations on numerous time scales, punctuated by periodic extreme weather events. In this chapter, we review the mechanisms by which some well-known natural variations impact the regional climate and modulate the occurrence of extreme weather over Florida and its neighboring oceans. In addition, we explore the... Show moreThe Florida peninsula, with its close proximity to the equator surrounded by robust surface and deep water ocean currents, has a unique climate. Generally, its climate is mild with variations on numerous time scales, punctuated by periodic extreme weather events. In this chapter, we review the mechanisms by which some well-known natural variations impact the regional climate and modulate the occurrence of extreme weather over Florida and its neighboring oceans. In addition, we explore the role of land cover and land use changes on the regional climate over the same area. It is made apparent from the review that remote variations of climate have an equally important impact on the regional climate of Florida as the local changes to land cover and land use. Show less

Florida’s peninsula extending ~700 km north-to-south, extensive shoreline (2,100 km), and broad carbonate platform create a diversity of marine habitats (estuaries, lagoons, bays, beach, reef, shelf, pelagic) along the coast, shelf, and deep ocean that are influenced by continental, oceanographic, and atmospheric processes all predicted to shift with a rapidly changing climate. Future changes of the global ocean circulation could result in a 25% reduction in the Atlantic Meridional... Show moreFlorida’s peninsula extending ~700 km north-to-south, extensive shoreline (2,100 km), and broad carbonate platform create a diversity of marine habitats (estuaries, lagoons, bays, beach, reef, shelf, pelagic) along the coast, shelf, and deep ocean that are influenced by continental, oceanographic, and atmospheric processes all predicted to shift with a rapidly changing climate. Future changes of the global ocean circulation could result in a 25% reduction in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), leading to a subsequent slowing of Florida’s regional/local current systems (Yucatan, Loop, Florida and Gulf Stream) and eddies. While downscaled climate models suggest that slowing of the Loop Current by 20-25% during the 21st century will moderate the increase in surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico to 1.4oC - 2.8oC, this warming is predicted to have wide-ranging consequences for Florida’s marine habitats (e.g., enhanced coral bleaching, lower O2 in surface waters, increased harmful algal blooms, reduced phytoplankton and fisheries production, and lower sea turtle reproduction). The reduction in the AMOC is also predicted to reduce hurricane frequency, albeit with increased intensity (2-11%) due to ocean warming. Climate projections affecting Florida’s oceans include rises in sea level, changes in coastal circulation impacting larval and nutrient transport, changes in marine biogeochemistry including ocean acidification, and loss of coastal wetlands that protect Florida’s coastline. Understanding the consequences of these projected climate impacts and gaining a more complete understanding of complex changes in atmospheric processes (e.g., ENSO, AMO, convection, wind shear), air-sea interaction, currents, and stratification under a changing climate is critical over the next few decades to prepare and protect the state of Florida. Show less

Sea level rise is naturally a topic of concern to many Floridians. Our intention in this chapter is to give the reader enough information on this topic to inform decisions about future adaptation strategies. We begin by reviewing how we measure sea level and the reasons that sea level can change. At the global level, the problem is relatively simple in that globally averaged sea level can only increase if water is added to the ocean or the ocean warms. The situation is more complicated at the... Show moreSea level rise is naturally a topic of concern to many Floridians. Our intention in this chapter is to give the reader enough information on this topic to inform decisions about future adaptation strategies. We begin by reviewing how we measure sea level and the reasons that sea level can change. At the global level, the problem is relatively simple in that globally averaged sea level can only increase if water is added to the ocean or the ocean warms. The situation is more complicated at the local level, where variations can occur (e.g., due to changes in wind and ocean current patterns, and differences in vertical land motion rates). We present summaries of global sea level change over several time scales, ranging from the modern day to the geological records. Although we have confidence in estimates of the rate of global mean sea level change, determining from observations whether the rate is increasing, or accelerating, is more challenging. Over the next century, sea level change in Florida is expected to follow the global trend reasonably closely, but on shorter time scales and in different localities some variations are inevitable. We end with a discussion of the future sea level rise projections for Florida that should form the basis for efforts to plan adaptation strategies. Show less

In this chapter, we describe Florida’s agriculture, the vulnerability of its crops and livestock to climate change and possible adaptation strategies. Much of Florida’s agricultural success is linked to its moderate climate, which allows vegetable and fruit crop production during the winter/spring season as well as the production of perennial crops such as citrus and sugarcane. In addition, there is a substantial livestock industry that uses the extensive perennial grasslands. While rising... Show moreIn this chapter, we describe Florida’s agriculture, the vulnerability of its crops and livestock to climate change and possible adaptation strategies. Much of Florida’s agricultural success is linked to its moderate climate, which allows vegetable and fruit crop production during the winter/spring season as well as the production of perennial crops such as citrus and sugarcane. In addition, there is a substantial livestock industry that uses the extensive perennial grasslands. While rising CO2 is generally beneficial to crop production but detrimental to nutritional quality, increase in temperature will cause mostly negative effects on yield. Florida’s agriculture faces additional challenges from climate change characterized by sea level rise and intensified extreme climate events, affecting land and irrigation water availability, livestock productivity and pest and disease pressure. New technologies and adaptation strategies are needed for sustainable agricultural production in Florida, including increased water and nutrient use efficiency in crops, crop and livestock breeding for heat stress, pest and disease resistance and reduced exposure of livestock to high temperature. Irrigation is a favored adaptation, but places an even greater burden or potential conflict between agriculture and community use of water resources. Show less

Florida’s rich biodiversity is the product of climatic conditions, geographic position, and underlying geology. Interactions of these factors over time have led to the state’s unique biota, with Florida ranking fourth in the nation for total number of endemic species. The ability of Florida’s ecosystems to support plants and animals is intimately tied to its geographic location, climatic and hydrologic variables, including timing and amount of precipitation, the frequency and intensity of... Show moreFlorida’s rich biodiversity is the product of climatic conditions, geographic position, and underlying geology. Interactions of these factors over time have led to the state’s unique biota, with Florida ranking fourth in the nation for total number of endemic species. The ability of Florida’s ecosystems to support plants and animals is intimately tied to its geographic location, climatic and hydrologic variables, including timing and amount of precipitation, the frequency and intensity of storms, the range and duration of temperature extremes, and water chemistry. The ecosystems and species of Florida have adapted to past periods of climatic change. However, these ecosystems are now under stress and less resilient due to past and existing human-caused alterations and impacts, affecting their ability to withstand and adapt to additional stressors such as climate change. The overall vulnerability of some systems and species is primarily driven by the severity and extent of these non-climate stressors. Florida’s biodiversity may be very different in the future, with some species and ecosystems affected to a greater extent than others. Community-level changes will occur as plant and animal species move and adapt at different rates. There are tools available to assist in determining relative vulnerability (vulnerability assessments) and potential impacts (scenario planning) that can aid in developing adaptation strategies. Awareness that change is likely to happen is critical to planning for the future and allowing for adaptation in management practices that will maximize Florida’s biodiversity for future generations. Show less

This chapter describes the sources and mechanisms for climate variability in Florida across timescales (i.e., seasonal-to-decadal) and how they are used to make predictions. Current capabilities in terms of prediction quality, with an emphasis on precipitation and land surface temperature on seasonal timescales, are introduced as well as challenges and opportunities for the future. The longer decadal time scales are discussed in the next chapter in conjunction with climate change associated... Show moreThis chapter describes the sources and mechanisms for climate variability in Florida across timescales (i.e., seasonal-to-decadal) and how they are used to make predictions. Current capabilities in terms of prediction quality, with an emphasis on precipitation and land surface temperature on seasonal timescales, are introduced as well as challenges and opportunities for the future. The longer decadal time scales are discussed in the next chapter in conjunction with climate change associated with anthropogenic forcing Show less

Tourism is one of the largest economic industries in Florida. In 2015, a record 106.3 million tourists visited Florida (about five visitors per resident), with an economic impact of about $90 billion. Tourism also provides additional benefits for federal, state, and local governments in the form of taxes (e.g., excise, sales, income, and property taxes). In Florida, tourism accounts for over one million direct jobs and an additional 1.5 million indirect and supply chain jobs. The three... Show moreTourism is one of the largest economic industries in Florida. In 2015, a record 106.3 million tourists visited Florida (about five visitors per resident), with an economic impact of about $90 billion. Tourism also provides additional benefits for federal, state, and local governments in the form of taxes (e.g., excise, sales, income, and property taxes). In Florida, tourism accounts for over one million direct jobs and an additional 1.5 million indirect and supply chain jobs. The three industries or business sectors most impacted by tourism and currently experiencing substantial growth in the state, include: leisure and hospitality (e.g., hotels, restaurants, museums, amusement parks, entertainment), transportation (e.g., cruise ships, taxis, airports), and retail trade (e.g., gas stations, retail stores). The 106.3 million tourists comprise approximately 91.2 million out-of-state visitors, 3.9 million Canadian visitors, and 11.2 million overseas visitors. The domestic visitors are anticipated to grow by 20% in 2018. Tourism and the associated industries in Florida are highly vulnerable to climate change over time. The state population and real estate markets continue to grow in the coastal areas, with corresponding increases in property values at risk. In addition, there are losses associated with the properties used to mitigate the effects of climate change. In summary, indicators of climate change, such as higher sea levels and more frequent and powerful hurricanes and other extreme weather events, have the potential to severely impact the tourism industry in Florida. Show less

Production forestry provides substantial benefits to the state of Florida, including the provision of ecosystem services, such as regulation of water quantity and quality, provision of wildlife habitat and carbon sequestration, and supporting 80,000 jobs and $16.34 billion/year in economic activity. Climate through the end of the century in the production forestry regions of northern Florida and southern Georgia is predicted to result in substantial increases in potential loblolly pine and... Show moreProduction forestry provides substantial benefits to the state of Florida, including the provision of ecosystem services, such as regulation of water quantity and quality, provision of wildlife habitat and carbon sequestration, and supporting 80,000 jobs and $16.34 billion/year in economic activity. Climate through the end of the century in the production forestry regions of northern Florida and southern Georgia is predicted to result in substantial increases in potential loblolly pine and slash pine plantation productivity, ranging from 5–35% depending on emissions scenario, species, and location. Climate change is likely to affect the timing and frequency of abiotic disturbances, such as wildfire and windstorms, and will also change the dynamics of forest pests, pathosystems, and forest water resources. But predictions about the nature of these impacts remains uncertain. Regardless, the fact is that plantation forests have been a vital part of protecting regional water quantity and quality, and they will continue to be essential features of healthy productive landscapes, as climate changes and the potential for adverse climate impacts on water resources increases. The key to adapting forest management to changing climate will be the considered application of silvicultural tools, such as competition control, density and fertility management, and proper choice of species for each site. Keeping abreast of research advances related to these tools will be increasingly important for forest managers as climate conditions change. In addition, the development of viable policy options focused primarily on privately owned forests can help protect Florida’s existing forests and the benefits they provide, and encourage investment in reforestation of existing forestland and planting new forests on previously unforested land Show less

This chapter describes both the nature of and anthropogenic mechanisms for climate change, as well as how scenarios and projections of future climate change are made. Specific emphasis is placed on understanding the changes over the near-term (i.e., adaption timescale) where the emission scenario has little impact vs. changes beyond the mid-century where the projections are conditional on the emission scenario. The various tools and models used to assess climate change are also summarized,... Show moreThis chapter describes both the nature of and anthropogenic mechanisms for climate change, as well as how scenarios and projections of future climate change are made. Specific emphasis is placed on understanding the changes over the near-term (i.e., adaption timescale) where the emission scenario has little impact vs. changes beyond the mid-century where the projections are conditional on the emission scenario. The various tools and models used to assess climate change are also summarized, and projections from global and regional models are presented. Finally, the new science of decadal prediction is presented as it has the potential to improve climate information in the near-term. Show less

Florida supports diverse marine and freshwater fisheries and a significant aquaculture industry with a combined economic impact of approximately 15 billion US$. We begin by describing the characteristics of the different fisheries and aquaculture sectors. This is followed by a description of the relevant climate change and confounding drivers. We then present an integrated social-ecological systems framework for analyzing climate change impacts and apply this framework to the different... Show moreFlorida supports diverse marine and freshwater fisheries and a significant aquaculture industry with a combined economic impact of approximately 15 billion US$. We begin by describing the characteristics of the different fisheries and aquaculture sectors. This is followed by a description of the relevant climate change and confounding drivers. We then present an integrated social-ecological systems framework for analyzing climate change impacts and apply this framework to the different fisheries and aquaculture sectors. We highlight how the characteristics of each sector gives rise to distinct expected climate change impacts and potential adaptation measures. We conclude with general considerations for monitoring and adaptation. Show less

Climate change poses major challenges to human society and to Earth systems, influencing the functioning of many ecosystems and thereby affecting human health. Many climate change/variability- and extreme weather-associated events, such as sea level rise, hurricanes, and storm surge, as well as other weather extremes, including excessive precipitation and heatwaves, have direct and/or indirect impacts on human health. These impacts include death/injury, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases... Show moreClimate change poses major challenges to human society and to Earth systems, influencing the functioning of many ecosystems and thereby affecting human health. Many climate change/variability- and extreme weather-associated events, such as sea level rise, hurricanes, and storm surge, as well as other weather extremes, including excessive precipitation and heatwaves, have direct and/or indirect impacts on human health. These impacts include death/injury, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, environmentally-mediated infectious diseases, and mental health, among others. Due to its unique geography, Florida is particularly vulnerable to these environmental impacts, which have important health implications for the state’s more than 20 million residents. In this chapter, we review the health impacts of climate change and associated weather events, with an emphasis on those relevant to Florida, and environmental hazards, including hurricanes and storms, lightning, sea level rise, excessive precipitation, extreme heat, and drought. There is clear evidence for significant climate-sensitive hazards and human health impacts in the state, despite uncertainties associated with the assessment of some effects. To address health impacts and challenges, policies focused on mitigation and adaptation strategies, health surveillance, and research that could close knowledge gaps on human exposures to the climate-sensitive hazards and health impacts are needed. Show less

Water resources systems in Florida are unique and exhibit significant diversity in hydrogeologic characteristics and in rainfall and temperature patterns. In many parts of the state, both surface and groundwater systems are complex, highly interconnected, and any change in hydrologic drivers such as rainfall or temperature has the potential to impact the water resources of the urban, agricultural, and ecological systems. Because of this diversity, it is not possible to present a single... Show moreWater resources systems in Florida are unique and exhibit significant diversity in hydrogeologic characteristics and in rainfall and temperature patterns. In many parts of the state, both surface and groundwater systems are complex, highly interconnected, and any change in hydrologic drivers such as rainfall or temperature has the potential to impact the water resources of the urban, agricultural, and ecological systems. Because of this diversity, it is not possible to present a single overall outlook regarding the implications of climate change on the water resources of the state. This chapter presents brief summaries of individual studies that are available for major water resources systems in the state, which include the Everglades, the Tampa Bay region, the St. Johns River watershed, and the Suwannee River and Apalachicola River basins. Available climate models and their downscaled versions have varying degrees of bias and lack of skill that need to be considered in impact analyses. In all regions, projected changes in rainfall, temperature, and sea level may have significant impacts on water supply, water levels in environmentally sensitive areas, flood protection, and water quality. Show less

Climate change presents added risks as well as related opportunities for the insurance industry and financial sector. Implications must be evaluated for property, casualty and life insurance industry segments as well as for the financial sector more broadly. While climate change exacerbates the existing volatility of these markets, it also inherently creates opportunities for product development. Florida is a unique contributor to both the risk and opportunity since the state is the world’s... Show moreClimate change presents added risks as well as related opportunities for the insurance industry and financial sector. Implications must be evaluated for property, casualty and life insurance industry segments as well as for the financial sector more broadly. While climate change exacerbates the existing volatility of these markets, it also inherently creates opportunities for product development. Florida is a unique contributor to both the risk and opportunity since the state is the world’s largest insured catastrophe region. The state of Florida itself is heavily leveraged as insurer for much of the cost of extreme weather in the form of hurricanes and other tropical storms. Unlike other insurance risk bearers, however, this state cost of risk cannot be offset by commensurate market opportunity. Increased volatility in insurance, reinsurance, and capital markets are all challenges for Florida, with potentially adverse collateral effects on residual insurance market pressures, policyholder assessments, state debt, and tax strategies. Insurance industry initiatives, to the extent they are successful, can have a balancing effect on these challenges. Show less

Florida’s unique location in the contiguous United States ensures that the effects of climate change will be significant and persistent across the state. Florida’s current economy and its population have developed energy use patterns based on fully developed fossil fuel industries. These industries and Florida’s consumption patterns are presented and analyzed. Location of Florida’s electricity generating facilities are shown and a significant proportion of these facilities are literally at... Show moreFlorida’s unique location in the contiguous United States ensures that the effects of climate change will be significant and persistent across the state. Florida’s current economy and its population have developed energy use patterns based on fully developed fossil fuel industries. These industries and Florida’s consumption patterns are presented and analyzed. Location of Florida’s electricity generating facilities are shown and a significant proportion of these facilities are literally at the water’s edge. Future actions to protect the state’s energy supply may need to include costly moving of significant fossil fueled facilities and/or outright replacement by newer, cheaper renewable energy power plants. The current status of energy consumption in Florida is presented in this chapter, along with disruptive technologies in energy efficiency, renewable energy, and the electrical grid. World photovoltaic (PV) and wind power adoption rates are used to explore the possible time frames for renewable energy transformation. Show less

This chapter provides an overview of land use and land cover change in Florida over the past 100 years and a summary of how it may change in the future. We begin by providing a baseline description of Florida’s pre-1900 land cover, natural resource distribution, and biodiversity. This is followed by a description of major land use changes and trends related to transportation, agriculture, mining, urbanization, tourism, disruption of natural processes, and conservation from 1900 to the present... Show moreThis chapter provides an overview of land use and land cover change in Florida over the past 100 years and a summary of how it may change in the future. We begin by providing a baseline description of Florida’s pre-1900 land cover, natural resource distribution, and biodiversity. This is followed by a description of major land use changes and trends related to transportation, agriculture, mining, urbanization, tourism, disruption of natural processes, and conservation from 1900 to the present. We also describe changes in land use and land cover caused by climate change. The chapter concludes with a discussion of current land use and land cover patterns, and the potential impacts of climate change and continued human population growth on the remaining natural and rural landscapes in Florida. Much has changed in Florida over the last century due to a combination of wetland draining, agriculture conversion, urban development, and establishment of several dominant exotic plant species, as well as accelerating sea level rise and shifting climate zones due to climate change. Show less

Climate change and sea level rise have made obsolete the notion that law and policy develop in the context of a relatively stable natural environment. The need of communities to adapt to climate change and sea level rise reflects the need for laws and policies governing those communities to facilitate rather than undermine such adaptation. This chapter provides an overview of law and policy issues at three levels of government—state, local, and federal. It highlights changes in state law and... Show moreClimate change and sea level rise have made obsolete the notion that law and policy develop in the context of a relatively stable natural environment. The need of communities to adapt to climate change and sea level rise reflects the need for laws and policies governing those communities to facilitate rather than undermine such adaptation. This chapter provides an overview of law and policy issues at three levels of government—state, local, and federal. It highlights changes in state law and policy in Florida that relate to climate change and sea level rise. The chapter also focuses on local governments, and includes sections about regional collaborations of local governments, financial issues and climate change/sea level rise at the local level, examinations of impacts on infrastructure, and impacts on the public’s use of beaches in Florida. The chapter concludes with discussion of a policy change related to climate change and sea level rise at the federal level that impacts local governments. Show less

This chapter looks at how the impacts of climate change affect different parts of Florida. With more than 1500 miles of coastline that contains numerus differences in character between the state’s southern-most point in the Florida Keys to the northwest Florida Panhandle and northeast Florida in Jacksonville, it is easy to see why areas across the state are not all the same; temperature, rainfall rates, and even the potential for sea level rise can vary significantly depending on what part of... Show moreThis chapter looks at how the impacts of climate change affect different parts of Florida. With more than 1500 miles of coastline that contains numerus differences in character between the state’s southern-most point in the Florida Keys to the northwest Florida Panhandle and northeast Florida in Jacksonville, it is easy to see why areas across the state are not all the same; temperature, rainfall rates, and even the potential for sea level rise can vary significantly depending on what part of the state one is in. For example, southeast Florida and the Tampa Bay area are already dealing with sea level rise issues, but there is much work to be done in order to assess the risks and help identify potential solutions. Efforts to adapt to rising seas will need to draw upon prior research and current work to develop tool box strategies that involve the hard and soft components. A background of impacts to water resources (less rainfall has been detected) will be discussed. Show less

Open Access and the Future of Scholarly Communication: Implementation.

Creator

Soper, Devin

Abstract/Description

As efforts to advance open access (OA) and develop scholarly communication programs become increasingly pervasive in academic libraries, there is a pressing need for scholarship on the diverse ways that librarians are responding to this trend and the practical issues and challenges they encounter in implementing related programs and services. This volume is the tenth in the series Creating the 21st-Century Academic Library, and the second of two volumes that address the topic of OA in... Show moreAs efforts to advance open access (OA) and develop scholarly communication programs become increasingly pervasive in academic libraries, there is a pressing need for scholarship on the diverse ways that librarians are responding to this trend and the practical issues and challenges they encounter in implementing related programs and services. This volume is the tenth in the series Creating the 21st-Century Academic Library, and the second of two volumes that address the topic of OA in academic libraries. In contrast to the preceding volume - which focuses on OA advocacy, related political and policy concerns, and requisite technical infrastructure - this volume takes a close look at core and emerging themes and issues that arise in the practice of scholarly communication professionals. Show less

This research focuses on First-Time-in-College (FTIC) student library usage during the first academic year as number of visits (frequency) and length of stay (duration) and how that might affect first-term grade point average (GPA) and first-year retention using the generalized propensity score (GPS). We also want to demonstrate that GPS is a proper tool that researchers in libraries can use to make causal inferences about the effects of library usage on student academic success outcomes in... Show moreThis research focuses on First-Time-in-College (FTIC) student library usage during the first academic year as number of visits (frequency) and length of stay (duration) and how that might affect first-term grade point average (GPA) and first-year retention using the generalized propensity score (GPS). We also want to demonstrate that GPS is a proper tool that researchers in libraries can use to make causal inferences about the effects of library usage on student academic success outcomes in observation studies. Show less

Florida’s climate system, which is nested within regional and global climate systems, cannot be fully understood without including human dimensions that interact with the climate systems in two principal ways: 1) where social systems facilitate or dominate causes of climate change, and 2) where climate change affects social systems. These aspects include complex social interactions and feedbacks, but can be broken down into the impacts, risks, and causes of climate change specific to Florida.... Show moreFlorida’s climate system, which is nested within regional and global climate systems, cannot be fully understood without including human dimensions that interact with the climate systems in two principal ways: 1) where social systems facilitate or dominate causes of climate change, and 2) where climate change affects social systems. These aspects include complex social interactions and feedbacks, but can be broken down into the impacts, risks, and causes of climate change specific to Florida. Further, communication of these elements can interact with social in/action and facilitate or obstruct adaptive responses. It is important to view the organization of these interactions through social structure, where essential drivers of social forces include the political-economy, demographic, and attitudinal architecture of Florida social systems. In this chapter, we review key social drivers of specific impacts, risks, and causes of climate change within Florida. Show less

An efficient protein folding pathway leading to target structure, and the avoidance of aggregation, is essential to protein evolution and de novo design; however, design details to achieve efficient folding and avoid aggregation are poorly understood. We report characterization of the thermally-induced aggregate of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), a small globular protein, by solid-state NMR. NMR spectra are consistent with residual structure in the aggregate and provide evidence of a... Show moreAn efficient protein folding pathway leading to target structure, and the avoidance of aggregation, is essential to protein evolution and de novo design; however, design details to achieve efficient folding and avoid aggregation are poorly understood. We report characterization of the thermally-induced aggregate of fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), a small globular protein, by solid-state NMR. NMR spectra are consistent with residual structure in the aggregate and provide evidence of a structured region that corresponds to the region of the folding nucleus. NMR data on aggregated FGF-1 also indicate the presence of unstructured regions that exhibit hydration-dependent dynamics and suggest that unstructured regions of aggregated FGF-1 lie outside the folding nucleus. Since it is known that regions outside the folding nucleus fold late in the folding pathway, we postulate that these regions unfold early in the unfolding pathway and that the partially folded state is more prone to intermolecular aggregation. This interpretation is further supported by comparison with a designed protein that shares the same FGF-1 folding nucleus sequence, but has different 1° structure outside the folding nucleus, and does not thermally aggregate. The results suggest that design of an efficient folding nucleus, and the avoidance of aggregation in the folding pathway, are potentially separable design criteria – the latter of which could principally focus upon the physicochemical properties of 1° structure outside the folding nucleus. Show less

Annual War Deaths in Small-Scale versus State Societies Scale with Population Size Rather than Violence.

Creator

Falk, Dean, Hildebot, Charles

Abstract/Description

In The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, psychologist Steven Pinker cites mean ratios of war (battle) deaths suffered annually per 100,000 individuals as evidence for concluding that people who live in states are less violent than those who live or lived in “hunting, gathering, and horticultural societies in which our species spent most of its evolutionary history.” Because such ratios are blind to actual population sizes, it remains to be seen whether the apparent... Show moreIn The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, psychologist Steven Pinker cites mean ratios of war (battle) deaths suffered annually per 100,000 individuals as evidence for concluding that people who live in states are less violent than those who live or lived in “hunting, gathering, and horticultural societies in which our species spent most of its evolutionary history.” Because such ratios are blind to actual population sizes, it remains to be seen whether the apparent decrease in contemporary violence is an artifact of scaling factors. Here scaling of war deaths is quantified relative to actual population sizes for 11 chimpanzee communities, 24 human nonstates, and 19 and 22 countries that fought in World War I and World War II, respectively. Mean annual battle deaths expressed as percentages of population sizes scale inversely with population sizes in chimpanzees and humans, indicating increased vulnerability rather than increased violence in smaller populations. However, the absolute number of mean annual war deaths increases exponentially (superlinearly) and nearly identically with population sizes across human groups but not chimpanzees. These findings suggest that people evolved to be more violent than chimpanzees and that humans from nonstates are neither more nor less violent than those from states. Show less

Objective: Social problems are a key area of functional impairment for children with ADHD, and converging evidence points to executive dysfunction as a potential mechanism underlying ADHD-related social dysfunction. The evidence is mixed, however, with regard to which neurocognitive abilities account for these relations. Method: A well-characterized group of 117 children ages 8-13 (M=10.45, SD=1.53; 43 girls; 69.5% Caucasian/Non-Hispanic) with ADHD (n=77) and without ADHD (n=40) were... Show moreObjective: Social problems are a key area of functional impairment for children with ADHD, and converging evidence points to executive dysfunction as a potential mechanism underlying ADHD-related social dysfunction. The evidence is mixed, however, with regard to which neurocognitive abilities account for these relations. Method: A well-characterized group of 117 children ages 8-13 (M=10.45, SD=1.53; 43 girls; 69.5% Caucasian/Non-Hispanic) with ADHD (n=77) and without ADHD (n=40) were administered multiple, counterbalanced tests of neurocognitive functioning and assessed for social skills via multi-informant reports. Results: Bayesian linear regressions revealed strong support for working memory and cross-informant interfering behaviors (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity) as predictors of parent- and teacher-reported social problems. Working memory was also implicated in social skills acquisition deficits, performance deficits, and strengths based on parent and/or teacher report; inattention and/or hyperactivity showed strong correspondence with cross-informant social problems in all models. There was no evidence for, and in most models strong evidence against, effects of inhibitory control and processing speed. The ADHD group was impaired relative to the non-ADHD group on social skills (d=0.82-0.88), visuospatial working memory (d=0.89), and phonological working memory (d=0.58). In contrast, the Bayesian ANOVAs indicated that the ADHD and Non-ADHD groups were equivalent on processing speed, IQ, age, gender, and SES. There was no support for or against group differences in inhibition. Conclusions: These findings confirm that ADHD is associated with impaired social performance, and implicate working memory and core ADHD symptoms in the acquisition and performance of socially-skilled behavior. Show less

Stirring up the biological pump: Vertical mixing and carbon export in the Southern Ocean.

Creator

Stukel, Michael R, Ducklow, Hugh W

Abstract/Description

The biological carbon pump (BCP) transports organic carbon from the surface to the ocean’s interior via sinking particles, vertically migrating organisms, and passive transport of organic matter by advection and diffusion. While many studies have quantified sinking particles, the magnitude of passive transport remains poorly constrained. In the Southern Ocean weak thermal stratification, strong vertical gradients in particulate organic matter, and weak vertical nitrate gradients suggest that... Show moreThe biological carbon pump (BCP) transports organic carbon from the surface to the ocean’s interior via sinking particles, vertically migrating organisms, and passive transport of organic matter by advection and diffusion. While many studies have quantified sinking particles, the magnitude of passive transport remains poorly constrained. In the Southern Ocean weak thermal stratification, strong vertical gradients in particulate organic matter, and weak vertical nitrate gradients suggest that passive transport from the euphotic zone may be particularly important. We compile data from seasonal time-series at a coastal site near Palmer Station, annual regional cruises in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), cruises throughout the broader Southern Ocean, and SOCCOM autonomous profiling floats to estimate spatial and temporal patterns in vertical gradients of nitrate, particulate nitrogen (PN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Under a steady-state approximation, the ratio of ∂PN/∂z to ∂NO3-/∂z suggests that passive transport of PN may be responsible for removing 46% (37%-58%) of the nitrate introduced into the surface ocean of the WAP (with DOM contributing an additional 3-6%) and for 23% (19%-28%) of the BCP in the broader Southern Ocean. A simple model parameterized with in situ nitrate, PN, and primary production data suggested that passive transport was responsible for 54% of the magnitude of the BCP in the WAP. Our results highlight the potential importance of passive transport (by advection and diffusion) of organic matter in the Southern Ocean, but should only be considered indicative of high passive transport (rather than conclusive evidence) due to our steady-state assumptions. Show less

Digital scholarship is an evolving area of librarianship. In this piece we propose 10 theses, statements about what this kind of work DOES, rather than trying to define with it IS. We believe that digitally-inflected research and learning, and the characteristics they employ, are essential to the recentering of our profession's position in/across the academy. We also believe that the "digital scholarship center" has served its time, and that the activities and models for digital scholarship... Show moreDigital scholarship is an evolving area of librarianship. In this piece we propose 10 theses, statements about what this kind of work DOES, rather than trying to define with it IS. We believe that digitally-inflected research and learning, and the characteristics they employ, are essential to the recentering of our profession's position in/across the academy. We also believe that the "digital scholarship center" has served its time, and that the activities and models for digital scholarship work are core to librarianship. This manifesto is meant to serve as a starting point for a necessary discussion, not an end-all, be-all. We hope others will write and share counter-manifestos, passionate responses, or affirming statements. Show less

Ni De Aquí, Ni De Allá: Conceptualizing the Self-Authorship Experience of Gay Latino College Men Using Conocimiento.

Creator

Orozco, Roberto, Perez-Felkner, Lara

Abstract/Description

This essay aims to enhance our conceptual understanding of students with intersectional identities, specifically gay Latino men in college. We first explain how ethnic, gender, and sexual identities can act as compounding influences. Second, we review two distinct but complementary developmental theories. Conocimiento captures the disruptive, challenging path experienced by marginalized Latino youth. Self-authorship situates the broader developmental process in and beyond college. Our... Show moreThis essay aims to enhance our conceptual understanding of students with intersectional identities, specifically gay Latino men in college. We first explain how ethnic, gender, and sexual identities can act as compounding influences. Second, we review two distinct but complementary developmental theories. Conocimiento captures the disruptive, challenging path experienced by marginalized Latino youth. Self-authorship situates the broader developmental process in and beyond college. Our modified framework—conociéndose y escribiéndose—conceptualizes how college students navigate multiple marginalized identities. Finally, we discuss the implications of this intersectional framework for LGBTQ+ students and institutions seeking to enhance diversity, inclusion, and student success. Show less

Although numerous studies have shown that discrimination contributes to poorer mental health, the precise mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. In this paper, we consider the possibility that the association between day-to-day discrimination (being disrespected, insulted, and harassed) and depressive symptoms is partially mediated by religious struggles (religious doubts and negative religious coping). To test our mediation model, we use data collected from the 2011... Show moreAlthough numerous studies have shown that discrimination contributes to poorer mental health, the precise mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. In this paper, we consider the possibility that the association between day-to-day discrimination (being disrespected, insulted, and harassed) and depressive symptoms is partially mediated by religious struggles (religious doubts and negative religious coping). To test our mediation model, we use data collected from the 2011 Miami-Dade Health Survey (n = 444) to estimate a series of multiple regression models assessing associations among day-to-day discrimination, religious struggles, and depressive symptoms. We find that day-to-day discrimination is positively associated with religious struggles and depressive symptoms, net of adjustments for general religious involvement, age, gender, race, ethnicity, immigrant status, interview language, education, employment, household income, financial strain, and marital status. We also observe that religious struggles are positively associated with depressive symptoms. Our mediation analyses confirm that day-to-day discrimination can contribute to depressive symptoms by stirring religious struggles. Our key finding is that religious struggles may serve as a maladaptive coping response to discrimination. Our analyses extend previous work by bridging research in the areas of discrimination, religious struggles, and mental health. Show less

Date Issued

2017-08

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000408752200005, 10.3390/re18080134

Format

Citation

Title

Psychometric Report for the Early Fractions Test Administered with Third- and Fourth-grade Students in Fall 2016.

Creator

Schoen, Robert C, Liu, Sicong, Yang, Xiaotong, Paek, Insu

Abstract/Description

The Early Fractions Test is a paper-pencil test designed to measure mathematics achievement of third- and fourth-grade students in the domain of fractions. The purpose, or intended use, of the Early Fractions Test is to serve as a student pretest covariate and a test of baseline equivalence in the larger study. In this report, we discuss our exploration of options for scoring and data modeling and make recommendations for optimal scoring and data modeling procedures. We also report on the... Show moreThe Early Fractions Test is a paper-pencil test designed to measure mathematics achievement of third- and fourth-grade students in the domain of fractions. The purpose, or intended use, of the Early Fractions Test is to serve as a student pretest covariate and a test of baseline equivalence in the larger study. In this report, we discuss our exploration of options for scoring and data modeling and make recommendations for optimal scoring and data modeling procedures. We also report on the results of data modeling, including analyses of dimensionality, scale reliability estimates, the intraclass correlation coefficient for the 66 schools represented in the sample, and the percentage of the variance in student achievement as measured by the end-of-year mathematics test that is explained by their scores on this beginning-of-year test. Show less

The Solving Problems in Everyday Living (SPIEL) Model: Towards a De-medicalized, Education-Based Approach to "Mental Health.".

Creator

Gomory, Tomi, Dunleavy, Daniel J., Lieber, Angela S.

Abstract/Description

We argue that human existential pain and threat may usefully be helped by a noncoercive educational approach that also resonates with many interpersonally focused psychological approaches, rather than by the widely touted current medical model of “mental health” treatment (using psychoactive drugs and supportive psychotherapy). First the “progress” leading to the latest DSM is briefly reviewed, highlighting the scientific limitations of the medical model. Next, an educational model of self... Show moreWe argue that human existential pain and threat may usefully be helped by a noncoercive educational approach that also resonates with many interpersonally focused psychological approaches, rather than by the widely touted current medical model of “mental health” treatment (using psychoactive drugs and supportive psychotherapy). First the “progress” leading to the latest DSM is briefly reviewed, highlighting the scientific limitations of the medical model. Next, an educational model of self-understanding and change, based on Popper’s fallibilism, Freire’s critical pedagogy, and Miller’s Feedback-Informed Treatment is explicated. Finally, some options for funding and testing the model are discussed. We hope this offers mental health clinicians another important alternative to conceptualize the helping encounter to ameliorate personal problems in living. Show less

The multilevel system Mn-55(2 vertical bar) is used to generate two pseudoharmonic level systems, as representations of the same electronic sextuplet at different nuclear spin projections. The systems are coupled using a forbidden nuclear transition induced by the crystalline anisotropy. We demonstrate Rabi oscillations between the two representations in conditions similar to two coupled pseudoharmonic quantum oscillators. Rabi oscillations are performed at a detuned pumping frequency which... Show moreThe multilevel system Mn-55(2 vertical bar) is used to generate two pseudoharmonic level systems, as representations of the same electronic sextuplet at different nuclear spin projections. The systems are coupled using a forbidden nuclear transition induced by the crystalline anisotropy. We demonstrate Rabi oscillations between the two representations in conditions similar to two coupled pseudoharmonic quantum oscillators. Rabi oscillations are performed at a detuned pumping frequency which matches the energy difference between electronuclear states of different oscillators. We measure a coupling stronger than the decoherence rate to indicate the possibility of fast information exchange between the systems. Show less

Date Issued

2017-07-20

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000405913900004, 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.024428

Format

Citation

Title

Population Variation In The Trophic Niche Of The Trinidadian Guppy From Different Predation Regimes.

Population variation in trophic niche is widespread among organisms and is of increasing interest given its role in both speciation and adaptation to changing environments. Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) inhabiting stream reaches with different predation regimes have rapidly evolved divergent life history traits. Here, we investigated the effects of both predation and resource availability on guppy trophic niches by evaluating their gut contents, resource standing stocks, and delta... Show morePopulation variation in trophic niche is widespread among organisms and is of increasing interest given its role in both speciation and adaptation to changing environments. Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata) inhabiting stream reaches with different predation regimes have rapidly evolved divergent life history traits. Here, we investigated the effects of both predation and resource availability on guppy trophic niches by evaluating their gut contents, resource standing stocks, and delta N-15 and delta C-13 stable isotopes across five streams during the wet season. We found that guppies from low predation (LP) sites had a consistently higher trophic position and proportion of invertebrates in their guts and assimilate less epilithon than guppies from high predation (HP) sites. Higher trophic position was also associated with lower benthic invertebrate availability. Our results suggest that LP guppies could be more efficient invertebrate consumers, possibly as an evolutionary response to greater intraspecific competition for higher quality food. This may be intensified by seasonality, as wet season conditions can alter resource availability, feeding rates, and the intensity of intraspecific competition. Understanding how guppy diets vary among communities is critical to elucidating the role of niche shifts in mediating the link between environmental change and the evolution of life histories. Show less

The temperature- (T) magnetic-field (H) phase diagram for the tetragonal layered compound CeSbSe is determined from magnetization, specific heat, and electrical resistivity measurements. This system exhibits complex magnetic ordering at T-M = 3 K and the application of a magnetic field results in a cascade of magnetically ordered states for H less than or similar to 1.8 T which are characterized by fractional integer size steps: i.e., a possible devil's staircase is observed. Electrical... Show moreThe temperature- (T) magnetic-field (H) phase diagram for the tetragonal layered compound CeSbSe is determined from magnetization, specific heat, and electrical resistivity measurements. This system exhibits complex magnetic ordering at T-M = 3 K and the application of a magnetic field results in a cascade of magnetically ordered states for H less than or similar to 1.8 T which are characterized by fractional integer size steps: i.e., a possible devil's staircase is observed. Electrical transport measurements show a weak temperature dependence and large residual resistivity which suggest a small charge-carrier density and strong scattering from the f moments. These features reveal Kondo lattice behavior where the f moments are screened incompletely, resulting in a fine balanced magnetic interaction between different Ce neighbors that is mediated by the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction. This produces the nearly degenerate magnetically ordered states that are accessed under an applied magnetic field. Show less

Mutations in genes encoding cardiac troponin I (TNNI3) and cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) caused altered troponin protein stoichiometry in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. TNNI3p.98trunc resulted in haploinsufficiency, increased Ca(2+) -sensitivity and reduced length-dependent activation. TNNT2p.K217del caused increased passive tension. A mutation in the gene encoding Lamin A/C (LMNAp.R331Q ) led to reduced maximal force development through secondary disease remodelling in patients suffering... Show moreMutations in genes encoding cardiac troponin I (TNNI3) and cardiac troponin T (TNNT2) caused altered troponin protein stoichiometry in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. TNNI3p.98trunc resulted in haploinsufficiency, increased Ca(2+) -sensitivity and reduced length-dependent activation. TNNT2p.K217del caused increased passive tension. A mutation in the gene encoding Lamin A/C (LMNAp.R331Q ) led to reduced maximal force development through secondary disease remodelling in patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy. Our study shows that different gene mutations induce dilated cardiomyopathy via diverse cellular pathways. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) can be caused by mutations in sarcomeric and non-sarcomeric genes. In this study we defined the pathogenic effects of three DCM-causing mutations: the sarcomeric mutations in genes encoding cardiac troponin I (TNNI3p.98truncation ) and cardiac troponin T (TNNT2p.K217deletion ; also known as the p.K210del) and the non-sarcomeric gene mutation encoding lamin A/C (LMNAp.R331Q ). We assessed sarcomeric protein expression and phosphorylation and contractile behaviour in single membrane-permeabilized cardiomyocytes in human left ventricular heart tissue. Exchange with recombinant troponin complex was used to establish the direct pathogenic effects of the mutations in TNNI3 and TNNT2. The TNNI3p.98trunc and TNNT2p.K217del mutation showed reduced expression of troponin I to 39% and 51%, troponin T to 64% and 53%, and troponin C to 73% and 97% of controls, respectively, and altered stoichiometry between the three cardiac troponin subunits. The TNNI3p.98trunc showed pure haploinsufficiency, increased Ca(2+) -sensitivity and impaired length-dependent activation. The TNNT2p.K217del mutation showed a significant increase in passive tension that was not due to changes in titin isoform composition or phosphorylation. Exchange with wild-type troponin complex corrected troponin protein levels to 83% of controls in the TNNI3p.98trunc sample. Moreover, upon exchange all functional deficits in the TNNI3p.98trunc and TNNT2p.K217del samples were normalized to control values confirming the pathogenic effects of the troponin mutations. The LMNAp.R331Q mutation resulted in reduced maximal force development due to disease remodelling. Our study shows that different gene mutations induce DCM via diverse cellular pathways. Show less

Date Issued

2017-07-15

Identifier

FSU_pmch_28436080, 10.1113/JP274145, PMC5509872, 28436080, 28436080

Format

Citation

Title

Defying Dissolution: Discovery Of Deep-sea Scleractinian Coral Reefs In The North Pacific.

Deep-sea scleractinian coral reefs are protected ecologically and biologically significant areas that support global fisheries. The absence of observations of deep-sea scleractinian reefs in the Central and Northeast Pacific, combined with the shallow aragonite saturation horizon (ASH) and high carbonate dissolution rates there, fueled the hypothesis that reef formation in the North Pacific was improbable. Despite this, we report the discovery of live scleractinian reefs on six seamounts of... Show moreDeep-sea scleractinian coral reefs are protected ecologically and biologically significant areas that support global fisheries. The absence of observations of deep-sea scleractinian reefs in the Central and Northeast Pacific, combined with the shallow aragonite saturation horizon (ASH) and high carbonate dissolution rates there, fueled the hypothesis that reef formation in the North Pacific was improbable. Despite this, we report the discovery of live scleractinian reefs on six seamounts of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and Emperor Seamount Chain at depths of 535-732 m and aragonite saturation state (Omega(arag)) values of 0.71-1.33. Although the ASH becomes deeper moving northwest along the chains, the depth distribution of the reefs becomes shallower, suggesting the ASH is having little influence on their distribution. Higher chlorophyll moving to the northwest may partially explain the geographic distribution of the reefs. Principle Components Analysis suggests that currents are also an important factor in their distribution, but neither chlorophyll nor the available current data can explain the unexpected depth distribution. Further environmental data is needed to elucidate the reason for the distribution of these reefs. The discovery of reef-forming scleractinians in this region is of concern because a number of the sites occur on seamounts with active trawl fisheries. Show less

Date Issued

2017-07-14

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000405464200073, 10.1038/s41598-017-05492-w

Format

Citation

Title

Notes on operations: Using automation and batch processing to remediate duplicate series data in a shared bibliographic catalog.

Creator

Dong, Elaine, Glerum, Margaret Anne, Fenichel, Ethan

Abstract/Description

The application of divergent local practices in a shared bibliographic database can result in unexpected display issues that adversely affect user experience. This is especially problematic when merging databases from multiple institutions accustomed to adopting local practices for their own constituents. The authors describe their experience with the application of automation tools, such as MarcEdit, Excel, and Python, during a large-scale remediation project. They used these tools to... Show moreThe application of divergent local practices in a shared bibliographic database can result in unexpected display issues that adversely affect user experience. This is especially problematic when merging databases from multiple institutions accustomed to adopting local practices for their own constituents. The authors describe their experience with the application of automation tools, such as MarcEdit, Excel, and Python, during a large-scale remediation project. They used these tools to analyze, compare, and batch process bibliographic records to remediate obsolete and redundant series data in their shared bibliographic database. Show less

Following the nudging perspective, this research investigates how technology interface could cue heuristics that influence decisions. A field study showed that interface cues on a food ordering website signaling the amount of food other users consume could trigger an anchoring heuristic and induce individuals to model that amount when deciding their own consumption volume. A laboratory experiment further showed that the anchoring cue tends to induce the modeling behavior of individuals... Show moreFollowing the nudging perspective, this research investigates how technology interface could cue heuristics that influence decisions. A field study showed that interface cues on a food ordering website signaling the amount of food other users consume could trigger an anchoring heuristic and induce individuals to model that amount when deciding their own consumption volume. A laboratory experiment further showed that the anchoring cue tends to induce the modeling behavior of individuals without them being aware of its influence, and such an influence was especially pronounced when resources for cognitive deliberation were limited. Altogether, this research suggests that interface cues could function as nudges and influence decisions at a relatively automatic level. Implications for technology design and intervention are discussed. Show less

We validate the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Ozone Profile (PROFOZ) product from October 2004 through December 2014 retrieved by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) algorithm against ozonesonde observations. We also evaluate the effects of OMI row anomaly (RA) on the retrieval by dividing the dataset into before and after the occurrence of serious OMI RA, i.e., pre-RA (2004-2008) and post-RA (2009-2014). The retrieval shows good agreement with ozonesondes in the tropics and... Show moreWe validate the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Ozone Profile (PROFOZ) product from October 2004 through December 2014 retrieved by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) algorithm against ozonesonde observations. We also evaluate the effects of OMI row anomaly (RA) on the retrieval by dividing the dataset into before and after the occurrence of serious OMI RA, i.e., pre-RA (2004-2008) and post-RA (2009-2014). The retrieval shows good agreement with ozonesondes in the tropics and midlatitudes and for pressure < similar to 50 hPa in the high latitudes. It demonstrates clear improvement over the a priori down to the lower troposphere in the tropics and down to an average of similar to 550 (300) hPa at middle (high) latitudes. In the tropics and midlatitudes, the profile mean biases (MBs) are less than 6 %, and the standard deviations (SDs) range from 5 to 10% for pressure < similar to 50 hPa to less than 18% (27 %) in the tropics (midlatitudes) for pressure > similar to 50 hPa after applying OMI averaging kernels to ozonesonde data. The MBs of the stratospheric ozone column (SOC, the ozone column from the tropopause pressure to the ozonesonde burst pressure) are within 2% with SDs of < 5% and the MBs of the tropospheric ozone column (TOC) are within 6% with SDs of 15 %. In the high latitudes, the profile MBs are within 10% with SDs of 5-15% for pressure < similar to 50 hPa but increase to 30% with SDs as great as 40% for pressure > similar to 50 hPa. The SOC MBs increase up to 3% with SDs as great as 6% and the TOC SDs increase up to 30 %. The comparison generally degrades at larger solar zenith angles (SZA) due to weaker signals and additional sources of error, leading to worse performance at high latitudes and during the midlatitude winter. Agreement also degrades with increasing cloudiness for pressure > similar to 100 hPa and varies with cross-track position, especially with large MBs and SDs at extreme off-nadir positions. In the tropics and midlatitudes, the post-RA comparison is considerably worse with larger SDs reaching 2% in the stratosphere and 8% in the troposphere and up to 6% in TOC. There are systematic differences that vary with latitude compared to the pre-RA comparison. The retrieval comparison demonstrates good long-term stability during the pre-RA period but exhibits a statistically significant trend of 0.14-0.7% year 1 for pressure < similar to 80 hPa, 0.7DUyear(-1) in SOC, and 0 : 33DUyear(-1) in TOC during the post-RA period. The spatiotemporal variation of retrieval performance suggests the need to improve OMI's radiometric calibration especially during the post-RA period to maintain the long-term stability and reduce the latitude/season/SZA and cross-track dependency of retrieval quality. Show less

Date Issued

2017-07-13

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000405522800001, 10.5194/amt-10-2455-2017

Format

Citation

Title

Platelet Function Is Modified By Common Sequence Variation In Megakaryocyte Super Enhancers.

Linking non-coding genetic variants associated with the risk of diseases or disease-relevant traits to target genes is a crucial step to realize GWAS potential in the introduction of precision medicine. Here we set out to determine the mechanisms underpinning variant association with platelet quantitative traits using cell type-matched epigenomic data and promoter long-range interactions. We identify potential regulatory functions for 423 of 565 (75%) non-coding variants associated with... Show moreLinking non-coding genetic variants associated with the risk of diseases or disease-relevant traits to target genes is a crucial step to realize GWAS potential in the introduction of precision medicine. Here we set out to determine the mechanisms underpinning variant association with platelet quantitative traits using cell type-matched epigenomic data and promoter long-range interactions. We identify potential regulatory functions for 423 of 565 (75%) non-coding variants associated with platelet traits and we demonstrate, through ex vivo and proof of principle genome editing validation, that variants in super enhancers play an important role in controlling archetypical platelet functions. Show less

Date Issued

2017-07-13

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000405401600001, 10.1038/ncomms16058

Format

Citation

Title

How Novices Perceive the Culture of Physics.

Creator

Bremer, Martin, Hughes, Roxanne

Abstract/Description

This study is an exploratory qualitative research project utilizing deductive thematic analysis to investigate how undergraduate physics students form their physics identity. Physics is a unique community of practice that has lagged behind other science fields in terms of the representation of women and members of underrepresented minority groups. This underrepresentation within physics is often credited to the culture of physics which makes identity studies within this specific field that... Show moreThis study is an exploratory qualitative research project utilizing deductive thematic analysis to investigate how undergraduate physics students form their physics identity. Physics is a unique community of practice that has lagged behind other science fields in terms of the representation of women and members of underrepresented minority groups. This underrepresentation within physics is often credited to the culture of physics which makes identity studies within this specific field that much more important – understanding who persists and why they persist in terms of their identification with physics will help physics departments determine how they can better attract and retain students from underrepresented groups. In this study we used individual interview data with 44 undergraduate physics majors at a Research I university. Our study indicates that novices within physics see the culture of physics as filled with smart, curious, people who are committed to physics as a subject matter and see it as the basis for all science. As part of this culture these novices saw arrogance as a definitive trait for a strong physics identity. Women who left the major mentioned the culture (arrogance) as one of the main factors for their decision to leave. This study indicates that younger generations of women are still facing the same issues as past generations of women in physics. Future studies should investigate the differences between the discipline cultures that may be affecting the improvement of women and underrepresented minorities in specific STEM fields, thereby tailoring programs and policies to the unique culture within each discipline. Show less

Olfaction is a major sensory modality involved in real time perception of the chemical composition of the external environment. Olfaction favors anticipation and rapid adaptation of behavioral responses necessary for animal survival. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that there is a direct action of metabolic peptides on the olfactory network. Orexigenic peptides such as ghrelin and orexin increase olfactory sensitivity, which in turn, is decreased by anorexigenic hormones such as... Show moreOlfaction is a major sensory modality involved in real time perception of the chemical composition of the external environment. Olfaction favors anticipation and rapid adaptation of behavioral responses necessary for animal survival. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that there is a direct action of metabolic peptides on the olfactory network. Orexigenic peptides such as ghrelin and orexin increase olfactory sensitivity, which in turn, is decreased by anorexigenic hormones such as insulin and leptin. In addition to peptides, nutrients can play a key role on neuronal activity. Very little is known about nutrient sensing in olfactory areas. Nutrients, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids, could play a key role in modulating olfactory sensitivity to adjust feeding behavior according to metabolic need. Here we summarize recent findings on nutrient-sensing neurons in olfactory areas and delineate the limits of our knowledge on this topic. The present review opens new lines of investigations on the relationship between olfaction and food intake, which could contribute to determining the etiology of metabolic disorders. Show less

Background: While many factors may contribute to the higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality experienced by African-American men compared to their counterparts, the contribution of tumor biology is underexplored due to inadequate availability of African-American patient-derived cell lines and specimens. Here, we characterize the proteomes of non-malignant RC-77 N/E and malignant RC-77 T/E prostate epithelial cell lines previously established from prostate specimens from the same... Show moreBackground: While many factors may contribute to the higher prostate cancer incidence and mortality experienced by African-American men compared to their counterparts, the contribution of tumor biology is underexplored due to inadequate availability of African-American patient-derived cell lines and specimens. Here, we characterize the proteomes of non-malignant RC-77 N/E and malignant RC-77 T/E prostate epithelial cell lines previously established from prostate specimens from the same African-American patient with early stage primary prostate cancer. Methods: In this comparative proteomic analysis of RC-77 N/E and RC-77 T/E cells, differentially expressed proteins were identified and analyzed for overrepresentation of PANTHER protein classes, Gene Ontology annotations, and pathways. The enrichment of gene sets and pathway significance were assessed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Signaling Pathway Impact Analysis, respectively. The gene and protein expression data of age- and stage-matched prostate cancer specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed. Results: Structural and cytoskeletal proteins were differentially expressed and statistically overrepresented between RC-77 N/E and RC-77 T/E cells. Beta-catenin, alpha-actinin-1, and filamin-A were upregulated in the tumorigenic RC-77 T/E cells, while integrin beta-1, integrin alpha-6, caveolin-1, laminin subunit gamma-2, and CD44 antigen were downregulated. The increased protein level of beta-catenin and the reduction of caveolin-1 protein level in the tumorigenic RC-77 T/E cells mirrored the upregulation of beta-catenin mRNA and downregulation of caveolin-1 mRNA in African-American prostate cancer specimens compared to non-malignant controls. After subtracting race-specific non-malignant RNA expression, beta-catenin and caveolin-1 mRNA expression levels were higher in African-American prostate cancer specimens than in Caucasian-American specimens. The "ECM-Receptor Interaction" and "Cell Adhesion Molecules", and the "Tight Junction" and "Adherens Junction" pathways contained proteins are associated with RC-77 N/E and RC-77 T/E cells, respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest RC-77 T/E and RC-77 N/E cell lines can be distinguished by differentially expressed structural and cytoskeletal proteins, which appeared in several pathways across multiple analyses. Our results indicate that the expression of beta-catenin and caveolin-1 may be prostate cancer- and race-specific. Although the RC-77 cell model may not be representative of all African-American prostate cancer due to tumor heterogeneity, it is a unique resource for studying prostate cancer initiation and progression. Show less

Date Issued

2017-07-11

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000405352400004, 10.1186/s12885-017-3462-7

Format

Citation

Title

Demographics As Predictors Of Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors: A Meta-analysis.

Background Certain demographic factors have long been cited to confer risk or protection for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, many studies have found weak or non-significant effects. Determining the effect strength and clinical utility of demographics as predictors is crucial for suicide risk assessment and theory development. As such, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effect strength and clinical utility of demographics as predictors. Methods We searched PsycInfo, PubMed... Show moreBackground Certain demographic factors have long been cited to confer risk or protection for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, many studies have found weak or non-significant effects. Determining the effect strength and clinical utility of demographics as predictors is crucial for suicide risk assessment and theory development. As such, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effect strength and clinical utility of demographics as predictors. Methods We searched PsycInfo, PubMed, and GoogleScholar for studies published before January 1st, 2015. Inclusion criteria required that studies use at least one demographic factor to longitudinally predict suicide ideation, attempt, or death. The initial search yielded 2,541 studies, 159 of which were eligible. A total of 752 unique statistical tests were included in analysis. Results Suicide death was the most commonly studied outcome, followed by attempt and ideation. The average follow-up length was 9.4 years. The overall effects of demographic factors studied in the field as risk factors were significant but weak, and that of demographic factors studied as protective factors were non-significant. Adjusting for publication bias further reduced effect estimates. No specific demographic factors appeared to be strong predictors. The effects were consistent across multiple moderators. Conclusions At least within the narrow methodological constraints of the existing literature, demographic factors were statistically significant risk factors, but not protective factors. Even as risk factors, demographics offer very little improvement in predictive accuracy. Future studies that go beyond the limitations of the existing literature are needed to further understand the effects of demographics. Show less