Triple Intervention forces Japan to return Liaodong concession; subsequently taken by Russia, which is growing stronger in Manchuria

1902

First Korean immigrants arrive in Hawai’i

Anglo-Japanese Alliance puts Russia on defensive.

1904

Russo-Japanese war begins as conflict over status of Russian forces in Manchuria and Korea.

1905

US President Theodore Roosevelt negotiates the Treaty of Portsmouth, ending the Russo-Japanese war, and giving Japan the Liaodong concession, Russian railway rights in Manchuria and unchallenged influence over Korea.

Taft-Katsura secret agreement exchanges US recognition of Japan’s sphere of interest in Korea for Japanese recognition of US sphere of interest in Philippines.

Korea forced to sign a Treaty of Protectorate with Japan; Itō Hirobumi named Resident-General

1907

Korean delegation to the Hague refused hearing on the Treaty of Protectorate because according to international law Korea did not have standing.