The UK Government has unveiled plans for a switch towards cleaner forms of energy, and away from fossil fuels and nuclear power.

The long-awaited Energy White Paper, published on Monday, spells out plans for radically cutting the pollution blamed for global warming.

It proposes reducing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere to 60% of 1990 levels by about 2050.

It also announces the running-down of nuclear power stations, which currently supply about 25% of UK electricity.

Instead, the White Paper encourages renewable power, such as wind and wave energy, and energy efficiency.

These, it says, "will have to achieve far more in the next 20 years than previously. We believe such ambitious progress is achievable, but uncertain."

It says the government will aim to go far beyond its stated goal that 10% of electricity should come from renewables by 2010 - up from 3% now.

"We now set the ambition of doubling renewables' share of electricity generation in the decade after that", it says.

Nuclear options

Measures to cut down on the amount of energy actually used, or wasted, are also proposed.

The Prime Minister, Tony Blair, is using a rare speech on the environment to commit the UK to the ambitious energy goals.

ENERGY PAPER'S MAIN POINTS

CO2 emissions to be cut drastically

No new nuclear power stations to be built for present

More electricity to come from clean sources like waves and wind

New moves to cut energy use and waste

The Energy Minister, Brian Wilson, told the BBC the White Paper signalled "a good day" for the environment, although the UK would have to strive to meet its targets.

He said: "We have a firm existing target for renewables to make up 10% of electricity in the UK by 2010 and we say we should be aiming to double that by 2020.

"Ten per cent by 2010 is a challenging target."

But some analysts doubt whether targets, particularly those on CO2, can be achieved without nuclear energy.

Britain's 16 nuclear power stations will all reach the end of their working lives in about 30 years, and the White Paper does not back the building of any more at present. But it keeps its options open.

It says: "We do not rule out the possibility that at some point in the future new nuclear build might be necessary if we are to meet our carbon targets."

The Trade and Industry Secretary, Patricia Hewitt, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme a major new nuclear programme would have undermined the drive for efficiency and renewables.

But she added: "We are not absolutely ruling out new nuclear build
forever."

'No actual targets'

Environmental groups have welcomed the move away from nuclear power.

Friends of the Earth said: "The White Paper will hopefully sound the final death knell for nuclear power in Britain".

LIKELY EFFECT ON ENERGY BILLS BY 2020

Household bills up 5-15%

Industrial electricity prices to rise by up to 25%

Industrial gas prices to rise by up to 30%

Some householders as well as the nuclear industry may be disgruntled by the proposals, which will add to electricity prices.

The paper says the new policies will add between five and 15% to household electricity prices, up to 25% to industrial electricity prices and up to 30% to industrial gas prices by 2020.

It has already been derided as "incompetent, irrelevant and frankly dangerous" by Sir Bernard Ingham, secretary of the Supporters of Nuclear Energy group.

"At a time when greenhouse emissions are rising in Britain, it proposes to continue to allow the nuclear industry, which emits no greenhouse gases, to run down," he said.

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