Psych Exam 4 p1

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Social Psychology

The scientific study about how we think, influence, and relate to one another.

Attribution theory

The theory that we explain someone's behavior by internal dispositions (personality traits) or external situation.

ex: road rage = jerk

Foot in the door phenomenon

The tendency for people who have first agrees to a small request to comply later with a larger request.

ex: sample foods

Fundamental Attribution Error

When analyzing other people behavior we tend to UNDERESTIMATE the power of the situation and overestimate the roles of personality.

ex: Hobos = lazy.

Zimbardo's prison study

Most guards developed disparaging attitudes, and some devised cruel and degrading routines.

WW2

Role Playing affects attitudes

Roles

A set expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

Cognitive dissonance theory

The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort(dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts(cognition) are inconsistent.

ex: we often bring out attitudes more in line with our actions

ex: prisoners justify to feel comfortable

Conformity

Adjusting one's behavior to match the groups standard.

Solomon Ash's study

The Solomon Ash study was an experiment done to see how long it took for people to conform. It consisted of a six actors and one subject. The subject had no idea it was a conformity test because they were told it was a visual perception test. The test consisted of a standard line and 3 comparison lines. The group was asked to match the standard line with the comparison line that had the same length. The five actors purposefully matched the wrong lines together to see if the subject would conform and how long would it take till they did conform.

Most subjects conformed because they felt discomfort, awkward, and they weren't playing the game right.

Milgrams obedience study

Compliance of behavior in response to direct

the experimenter ordered "teachers" to deliver shocks to a learner for wrong answer

test was to see how long the teachers would obey order to continue shocking

67%

Social Faciliation

Improved performance of tasks in the presence of other

on well-learned tasks only

ex: athletes

Social Loafing

People in a group exert less effort

presence of other diminishes feelings of responsibility

ex: group projects 911

Deindividuation

Loss of self-awareness and restraint in group situation that promote arousal and anonymity.

ex: food fight, riot

Mere exposure effect

Repeated exposure to novel "new" stimuli increases liking of them.

ex: students. radio songs on repeat

Physical Attractivness

Attractive people are perceived to be happier, more successful and healthier

Similarity

Friends share common attitudes, beliefs, intrests

Altruism

Unselfish regard for the wealth of other.

Bystander effect

Tendency for a bystander to an emergency to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.