NAME
each of these contains a spongy interior containing a bone marrow

rib

What are (3) types of ribs?

(1)true ribs (2)false (3)floating

NAME
there are three types of these: true, false, and floating

ribs

True ribs are also called (1)

vertebrocostal

(1)ribs are also called the vertoebrocostal ribs

true

false ribs are alos called the (1)

vertebrochondral

(1)are also called the vertebrochondral ribs

false

floating ribs are also called (1)

free

(1)ribs are also called free ribs

floating

What are the true ribs?

attach directly to the sternum through their own cartilages

NAME
these attach directly to the sternum through their own cartilages

true ribs

Where are the true ribs located?

1st through the 7th ribs

NAME
these are the 1st through 7th ribs

true ribs

WHat are the false ribs?

have cartilages that are joined to the cartilage of the ribs superior and also connect w the sternum indirectly

NAME
these ribs have cartilage are joined to the cartilage of the ribs superiorly and also connect w the sternum indirectly

false ribs

Where are the false ribs located?

8th to 10th ribs

NAME
these are located 8th to 10th ribs

false ribs

What are floating ribs?

have rudimentary cartilages that do not connect even directly w the sternum instead they end in the posterior andominal musculature

NAME
these have rudimentary cartilages that do not connect even directly w the sternum instead they end in the posterior andominal musculature

floating ribs

Wher are the floating ribs located?

11th to 12th ribs but sometimes the 10th rib

NAME
these include the 11th to 12th ribs but sometimes the 10th rib

floating ribs

What are typical ribs like? (4)

they have a (1)head (2)neck (3)tubercle (4)body

NAME
these have a head, neck, tubercle, and body

typical ribs

What are the typical ribs?

3rd through 9th

NAME
these are the 3rd through 9th ribs

typical ribs

What are the actually atypical ribs? (5)

(1)1st (2)2nd (3)10th (4)11th (5)12th

NAME
these ribs include the 1st, 2nd, 10th, 11th, and 12th ribs

atypical ribs

WHat is the 1st rib like?

it is the broadest, shortest, and mostly sharply curved of the seven true ribs

NAME
this is the broadest, shortest, and mostly sharply curved of the 7 true ribs

1st ribs

What is the 2nd rib like?

is thinner and less curved and much longer than the 1st (2)it has 2 facets on its head for articulartion w the bodies of T1 and T2

NAME
this is hte thinner and less curved and much longer than the 1st and it has 2 facets on its head for articulation w the bodies of T1 and T2

2nd rib

What are the 10th, 11th and 12thr ribs like?

are like the 1st ribs but only have one facet for their heads

NAME
these ribs are like the 1st ribs but only have one facet for their heads

10th, 11th, and 12th ribs

What are the 11th and 12th ribs like?

they are short and have no necks or tubercules

nAME
these are short and have no necks or tubercules

11th and 12th ribs

What are the costal cartilages?

they prolong the ribs anteriorly and contribute to the elasticity of the thoracic wall

NAME
these prolong the ribs anteriorly and contribute to the elasticity of the thoarcic wall

costal cartilages

WHat is the intercostal space?

separates the ribs and thier costal cartilages from one another

NAME
these separates the ribs and their costal cartilages from one another

intercostal space

What is the subcostal space?

is below the 12th rib and the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve

NAME
this is below the 12th rib and the anterior ramus of the spinal nerve

subcostal space

What are the characteristic features of the thoracic vertebrae?

(1)bilateral costal facets for articulation w the heads of the ribs (2)costal facets on their tranverse processes for articulation w the tubercles of the ribs (3)long inferiorly slanting spinous processes

NAME
these vertebrae contain bilateral costal facets on their bodies for articulation w the heads of the ribs, costal facets on their tranverse processes for articulation w the ribs, and long inferiorly slanting spinous processes

thoracic

What is the weakest part of the rib?

anterior to its angle

Rib fracture commonly result from (1) or (2)

direct blows or indirectly from crushing injuries

NAME
there are normally fractured bc of a direct blow or indirectly from crushing injuries

rib fractures

What part of the ribs are commonly fractured?

the middle ribs

the (1)ribs are commonly fractured

middle

What are the (3)parts of the sternum?

(1)Manubrium (2)body (3)xiphoid process

NAME
these have three parts: manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

sternum

What is the manubrium?

is the superior part of the strenum located btwn T3/T4

NAME
this is the superior part of the sternum

manubrium

Where is the Manubrium located?

T3/T4

Where is the body of the sternum located?

T5/T9

NAME
this part of the sternum is located btwn T5/T9

body

Where is the xiphoid process located?

T10

NAME
this is located at T10

xiphoid process

Where is the angle of Louis located?

T4/T5

NAME
this is located at T4/T5

angle of Louis

What is the angle of Louis?

is a projecting sternal angle that is formed by the manubrium and the body of the sternum

NAME
this is a projecting sternal angle that is formed by the manubrium and the body of the sternum

angle of Louis

What is the xiphoid process?

is the smallest most variable part of the sternum that is inferiorly located at T10

NAME
this is smallest most variable part of the sternum that is inferiorly located at T10

xiphoid processs

NAME
this is more cartilaginous in young people but more or less ossified in adults older than 40 yrs old

xiphoid process

T or F
sternal fracture are common

false

Are sternal fractures common

no

What can cause a sternal fracture?

can occur during a traumatic compression of the thoracic wall such as during an automobile accident when the driver's chest is driven into the steering wheel

NAME
this can can occur duringa traumatic compression of the thoracic wall such as during an automobile accident when the drivers chest is driven into the steering wheel

sternal fracture

What is median sternotomy?

is a surgical operation that splits the sternum in the median plane and allows doctors acess to the thoracic cavitiy--(aka the heart and main vessels)

NAME
this is a surgical operation that splits the sternum in the median plane and allows doctors acess to the thoracic cavitiy--(aka the heart and main vessels)

median sternotomy

What is sternal biopsies?

a procedure commonly used to obtain speciemens of the bone marrow for transplanation and for detection of mestatic cancer

NAME
this is a procedure commonly used to obtain speciemens of the bone marrow for transplanation and for detection of mestatic cancer

bone marrow needle biopsy

Describe the movements of the thoracic wall

movements are frequent during respiration...however, the range of the inviduals joints is small

Any distrubance that reduces the mobility of the thoracic joints interferes w (1)

respiration

Any distrubance that reduces the mobility of the thoracic joints interferes w (1)

during forced inspiration,(1) it elevates the rib (2)interosseous part depresses the ribs (3)interchondral part elevates the ribs

NAME
during forced inspiration, this mucles elevates the ribs, the interosseous part depresses the ribs, and the interchondral part elevates the ribs

intercoastal muscles

What are different type of intercostal muscles? (3)

(1)external (2)internal (3)innermost

The levator costraum muscle is supplied by the (1)

posterior rami

the (1)muscle of the thoracic wall is supplied by the posterior rami

levator costaraum muscle

What is the 2nd -5th intercostal nerves?

supplies the serratus posterior superior muscle

NAME
this nerve supplies the serratus posterior superior muscle

2nd-5th intercostal nerve

WHat muscles do the the 9th-11th intercostal nerves and T12 subcostal nerve supply?

serratus posterior inferior

What (2)nerves supply the serratus posterior inferior?

(1)9th to 11th intercostal nerve s(2)T12 subcostal nerve

What does the tranverse thoracic subcostal muscle do?

weakly depresses the ribs

NAME
this weakly depresses the ribs

tranverse thoracic subcostal

What does the levator costarum do?

elevates the ribs

What does the serratus posterior superior do?

elevates the ribs

NAME
these (2)muscle elevate the ribs

(1)levator costarum (2)serratus posterior superior

What does the serratus posterior inferior do?

depress the ribs

NAME
this muscle depresses the ribs

serratus posterior inferior

How many T nerves are there?

12

The T nerves divides into (1)and (2)

anterior and posterior rami

NAME
these 12 nerves divide into the anterior and posterior rami

T nerve

the T nerves divide into (1)and (2)

anterior and posterior rami

What is the intercostal nerves?

is the anterior rami of T1-T11

NAME
this nerve consists of the anterior rami of T1-T11

intercostal nerves

WHat is the subcostal nerve?

is the anterior rami of the T12

NAME
this nerve is the anterior rami of the T12

subcostal nerve

What does the posterior rami supply?

the bones,(2)joints (3)deep back muscles (4)skin of the back in the thoracic region

NAME
this nerve supplies the bones, joints, deep back muscles, and the skin of the back in the thoracic region

posterior rami

What are (3)compartments of the thoracic cavity?

(1)2 pulmonary cavities (2)mediastinum

NAME
this has 3 compartments: 2 lateral pulmonary cavities and one central compartment

thoracic cavity

What is the mediastinum?

contains the heart, thoracic parts of the great vessels (3)thoracic part of the trachea (4)espohagus (5)thymus and other structures

NAME
this contains the heart, thoracic parts of the great vessels, thoracic part of the trachea, espohogus, thymus, and other structures

mediastinum

What are the pulmonary cavities?

contain the lungs and the pleurae

NAME
this contains the lungs and pleurae

pulmonary cavities

Describe each lung

each lung is invested by and enclosed in 2 membranes called visceral and parietal pleura

NAME
each of these is invested by and enclosed in 2 membranes called visceral and parietal pleura

lungs

Each lung is invested and enclosed in 2 membranes called (1)and (2)

visceral and parietal pleura

WHat are (2)kinds of pleura?

(1)visceral pleura (2)parietal pleura

NAME
there are (2)kinds of this membrane--visceral and parietal

pleura

T or F
the visceral pleura can be dissected from the lungs

False

can the visceral pleura be dissected from the lungs?

no

What is visceral pleura?

covers the lungs and is adherent to all its surfaces

NAME
this covers the lungs and its adherent to all it surfaces

visceral pleura

What is the parietal pleura?

lines the pulmonary cavities, adhering to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm

NAME
this lines the pulmonary cavities, adhering to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm

parietal pleura

What is the pleural sleeve?

encloses the root of the lung

NAME
this encloses the root of the lung

pleural sleeve

WHat is the pleural cavity?

space btwn the visceral and the parietal layers of the pleura

NAME
this is the potential space btwn the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura

pleural cavity

What does the pleural cavity contain?

contains a capillary layer of serous pleural fluid

NAME
this contains a capillary layer of serous pleural fluid

pleural cavity

The pleural cavity contains a capillary layer of (1)

serous pleural fluid

What does the serous pleural fluid do?

lubricates the pleura surfaces (2)allows the layers of pleura to slide smoothly over each other during respiration (3)its surface tension provides cohesion that keeps the lungs surface in contact w the thoracic wall

NAME
this lubricates the pleura surfaces, allows the layers of the pleura to slide smoothly over each other during respiration, and its surface tension provides cohesion that keeps the lung surface in contact w the thoraic wall

serous pleural fluid

The lung expands and fill w air when the (1)expands

thorax

the (1)expands and fills w air when the thorax expands

lung

What are the (4)parts of the parietal pleura?

(1)costal part (2)mediastinal part (3)diaphargmatic part (4)cervical pleura

NAME
this has four parts: costal part, mediastinal part, diaphargmatic part, and cervical pleura

parietal pleura

T or F
the lungs completely occupy the pleural cavities

false

Do the lungs completely occupy the pleural cavities?

no

WHat is the costodiaphargamtic recesses?

are pleural lined gutters that surround the upperward convexity of the diaphargm inside the thoracic wall

NAME
these are the pleural lined gutters that surround the upperward convexity of the diapharm inside the thoracic wall

costdiaphargamtic recesses

What are the costmediastinal recesses?

space located posterior to the sternum where the costal pleura is contact w he mediastinal pleura

NAME
this is a space located posterior to the sternum where the costal pleura is contact w he mediastinal pleura

costmediastinal recesses

What is the root of the lung?

is formed by the stuctures entering and emerging from the lung at its hilum

NAME
this is formed by the structures entering and emerging from the lung at its hilum

root of the lung

What does the root of the lung do?

connects the lung w the heart and the trachea

NAME
this connects the lung w the heart and the trachea

root of the lung

What is pneumothroax?

is when air enters the pleural cavity

NAME
this is when air enters the pleural cavity

pneuomothroax

What can cause pneuomothroax? (4)

(1)a penetrating wound of the pleura cavity (2)rapture of the lung from a bullet (3)fractured rib that tears the cavity (4)a leakage from the lung through an opening in the visceral pleura

NAME
this can be caused from a penetrating wound of the pleura cavity, a rapture of the lung from a bullet, fractured rib that tears the cavity, and leakage from the lung through an opening in the visceral pleura

pneumothorax

What is hydrothorax?

is the accumulation of a signifcant amount of fluid in the pleura cavity

NAME
this is the accumulation of a signficant amount of fluid in the pleura cavity

hydrothorax

What is pleural effusion?

is the escape of fluid into the pleura cavity

NAME
this is the escape of fluid into the pleural cavity

pleural effusion

What is hemothorax?

is when blood enters the pleura cavity

NAME
this is when blood enters the pleura cavity

hemothorax

What is chylothorax?

is when lymph from a thoracic duct enters the pleural cavity

NAME
this is when lymph form a thoracic duct enters the pleural cavity

chylothorax

What is the hilum of the lung?

is the point at which the structures such as the main broncus, pulmonary vessles, bronchial vessels, lympathic vessels, and nerve that form the root

NAME
this is the point at which the structures such as the main broncus, pulmonary vessles, bronchial vessels, lympathic vessels, and nerve that form the root

hilum of the lung

What are some functions of the respiartory system? (6)

(1)gas exchange area btwn air and blood (2)moves air (3)warm, moistens, and clean air (4)speech and other respiratory sounds (5)assits in regulating blood vol and compostion (6)protects against pathogens

NAME
its functions include gax exchange btwn air and blood, moves air, warms, moistens and cleans air, speech and other respiratory sounds, and assists in regulatig blood vol and composition and protects aganist pathogens