Mathematical Models: Application of mathematics to real problems in sciences and engineering,medicine and arts which result in real time applications and or future predictions based on statistics to reduce risk and uncertainity ,simulation and optimisation where real time prototype experimentations are unlikely to be carried out in most cases.

mathematical- models:application of mathematics to real probems whether in engineering or science or arts to formulate problem and find solutions.Uncertainty is modelled with statistics and simulation techniques.Many systems engineeing problems involve mathematical modelling of problem and the optimisation of system to analyse and find least cost or use minimum criteria .

mathematical-models: engineering genius vijayaratnam used mathematical models for his water system research work being a talented mathematician and engineer all his life