Barring lawsuits is slimy, rampant practice

Equifax won’t win any prizes for its handling of a massive security breach that potentially exposed the personal information of 143 million people to hackers.

But it was striking that of all the things that outraged consumers, the one that drew the most attention was Equifax’s inclusion of an arbitration clause in its offer of free credit monitoring.

Yes, it was slimy for the company to try to deny people their right to sue or to join class-action lawsuits.

But no, Equifax was by no means alone in pulling such a stunt.

The reality is that many, if not most, service agreements presented by businesses to consumers contain such a provision, and they get away with it because there’s precious little outrage over this shamelessly unfair practice.

In most data breaches, the compromised business offers free credit monitoring from one of the three leading credit agencies — Equifax, Experian or TransUnion. While that monitoring routinely comes with an arbitration clause, consumers aren’t prevented by the service’s provision from suing the breached company.

Equifax’s breach is different in that the company that got hacked and the one offering credit monitoring are one and the same.

Equifax clarified last week that its arbitration clause applied only to “the free credit file monitoring and identity theft protection products, and not the cybersecurity incident” — meaning you could still sue the company over the hacking.

Even so, the social media backlash grew and Equifax subsequently announced it was completely erasing the arbitration clause from its credit-monitoring agreement for “this cybersecurity incident.”

“To be as clear as possible, we will not apply any arbitration clause or class-action waiver against consumers for claims related to the free products offered in response to the cybersecurity incident or for claims related to the cybersecurity incident itself,” said Wyatt Jefferies, a company spokesman.

That’s a win for consumers. But the war is still being lost.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in a 5-4 decision in 2011 that any business can include an arbitration clause in its service contract. The ruling pre-empted pro-consumer laws in various states.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau announced in July that financial firms under its jurisdiction — banks, credit card companies — can’t block people from joining class-action lawsuits.

Within days, Republican lawmakers in the House of Representatives voted to kill the rule. A similar vote by the Senate is expected this month.

Businesses say arbitration is better for consumers because it’s faster and fairer, and because it deters lawyers from filing nuisance suits in hopes of scoring a fat settlement. Some or all of that may be true.

What’s also true, though, is that arbitration overwhelmingly favors companies. The advocacy group Public Citizen found that over a four-year period, arbitrators ruled in favor of banks and credit card companies 94 percent of the time in disputes with California consumers.

A 2015 study by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found that in grievances with financial firms, “class actions provide a more effective means for consumers to challenge problematic practices by these companies.”

The same report revealed that fewer than 7 percent of consumers understood that an arbitration clause in their credit card agreements meant they couldn’t sue the company — which is to say that about 93 percent didn’t understand the provision.

Arbitration clauses are now so pervasive that it’s reasonable to assume if you have a bank account, credit card, cellphone, pay-TV service, insurance policy or airline ticket, you’ve agreed to an arbitration clause, whether you know it or not.

Many employment contracts also contain such provisions, preventing you from filing suit in the event of a workplace issue.

Aside from blocking consumers from banding together and thus wielding greater clout, arbitration is inherently unbalanced because the arbitrator’s fee almost always is paid by the company in a dispute. The arbitrator thus has a financial incentive to favor one side over the other.

Consumer advocates are hoping people will be more aware of the issue not just because of the Equifax breach but also because of the assorted scandals that have plagued Wells Fargo. State and federal courts have tossed out lawsuits against the bank, maintaining that Wells’ arbitration clause prohibits legal action.