ECOVIEWS: Book answers guide about world's small wild cats

Published: Sunday, March 11, 2012 at 3:30 a.m.

Last Modified: Saturday, March 10, 2012 at 11:32 p.m.

Johns Hopkins University Press has done it again with another outstanding publication in the Animal Answer Guide series. This one has all you need to know about the world's small cats.

"Small Wild Cats: The Animal Answer Guide" (2012), by James G. Sanderson and Patrick Watson, introduces the reader to 30 of "nature's most perfect terrestrial predators." All cats belong to the family Felidae (including the everyday house cat), and all are carnivores, requiring a diet of other animals, most of which (at least for wild cats) are caught alive.

The book separates "small" cats, which include the North American species — bobcat, Canada lynx and ocelot — from the seven "big" ones — lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar, snow leopard, cheetah and puma (aka cougar or mountain lion). Among the largest of the cats categorized as small is the Eurasian lynx, which averages more than 40 pounds. The smallest is probably the rusty spotted cat of India; it seldom reaches five pounds. Small cats can be found in regions and habitats not occupied by the big ones. When the domestic house cat is included in the count, small cats have an almost worldwide distribution. Though Australia has no native wild cats of any sort, feral house cats have become a destructive predatory force in many areas.

Some basic questions about cats are answered in the book, such as, can cats see color? The simple answer is that they are colorblind compared to humans. But they have excellent nighttime vision, which does not require the differentiation of colors. Can small cats swim? Absolutely. Most do not like to go into a stream, preferring to jump across, but if swimming is required, they can do it. In fact, the fishing cat and flat-headed cat of Southeast Asia will not only enter water but actually dunk its head beneath the surface to catch fish or frogs as prey. Are small cats social? The answer is a resounding "no" once they reach adulthood, which comes as no surprise to anyone who has more than one house cat. Apparently adults of all small wild cats have little to do with others of their kind, except of course for the essential mating period.

Like the other Animal Answer Guide books, "Small Wild Cats" is divided into chapters, with topics ranging from behavior to reproduction to cats in literature, all with specific questions and answers. One often-asked question — what is the origin of the domestic cat? — is not explicitly asked or answered in the book, probably because the issue is unresolved among biologists. The authors point out that domestic cats are most closely related to four species of small cats that originated in Asia.

The most likely house cat ancestor is probably the wildcat (a specific kind of wild cat), a wide-ranging species that is a native of Asia, Europe, and Africa. Photos of a wildcat in its natural habitat on any of the three continents it inhabits offer persuasive evidence that a standard alley cat is indeed a wildcat once removed. The cat named Jack who roams our house looks like, and on occasion even acts like, a throwback to its wilder cousin.

The section on ancient Egyptians' obsession with cats is fascinating. Presumably the wildcat became inextricably entwined with human culture 10 millennia ago with the rise of agricultural systems. Finding ways to keep a rodent-­eating species around the house and farm would have obvious advantages. We all know that cats were deified in some Egyptian societies; photographs in the section of the book about the unearthing of thousands of cat mummies illustrate just how serious some folks in ancient Egypt were about their cats.

Finding out about the ecology, behavior and general biology of the 29 species of small wild cats that still exist out there in the world is fascinating. The thought of trying to domesticate some of the others is also intriguing. But reading about those small wild cats convinces me that none of them would ever be able to replace the dog.

<p>Johns Hopkins University Press has done it again with another outstanding publication in the Animal Answer Guide series. This one has all you need to know about the world's small cats. </p><p>"Small Wild Cats: The Animal Answer Guide" (2012), by James G. Sanderson and Patrick Watson, introduces the reader to 30 of "nature's most perfect terrestrial predators." All cats belong to the family Felidae (including the everyday house cat), and all are carnivores, requiring a diet of other animals, most of which (at least for wild cats) are caught alive.</p><p>The book separates "small" cats, which include the North American species — bobcat, Canada lynx and ocelot — from the seven "big" ones — lion, tiger, leopard, jaguar, snow leopard, cheetah and puma (aka cougar or mountain lion). Among the largest of the cats categorized as small is the Eurasian lynx, which averages more than 40 pounds. The smallest is probably the rusty spotted cat of India; it seldom reaches five pounds. Small cats can be found in regions and habitats not occupied by the big ones. When the domestic house cat is included in the count, small cats have an almost worldwide distribution. Though Australia has no native wild cats of any sort, feral house cats have become a destructive predatory force in many areas.</p><p>Some basic questions about cats are answered in the book, such as, can cats see color? The simple answer is that they are colorblind compared to humans. But they have excellent nighttime vision, which does not require the differentiation of colors. Can small cats swim? Absolutely. Most do not like to go into a stream, preferring to jump across, but if swimming is required, they can do it. In fact, the fishing cat and flat-headed cat of Southeast Asia will not only enter water but actually dunk its head beneath the surface to catch fish or frogs as prey. Are small cats social? The answer is a resounding "no" once they reach adulthood, which comes as no surprise to anyone who has more than one house cat. Apparently adults of all small wild cats have little to do with others of their kind, except of course for the essential mating period.</p><p>Like the other Animal Answer Guide books, "Small Wild Cats" is divided into chapters, with topics ranging from behavior to reproduction to cats in literature, all with specific questions and answers. One often-asked question — what is the origin of the domestic cat? — is not explicitly asked or answered in the book, probably because the issue is unresolved among biologists. The authors point out that domestic cats are most closely related to four species of small cats that originated in Asia. </p><p>The most likely house cat ancestor is probably the wildcat (a specific kind of wild cat), a wide-ranging species that is a native of Asia, Europe, and Africa. Photos of a wildcat in its natural habitat on any of the three continents it inhabits offer persuasive evidence that a standard alley cat is indeed a wildcat once removed. The cat named Jack who roams our house looks like, and on occasion even acts like, a throwback to its wilder cousin. </p><p>The section on ancient Egyptians' obsession with cats is fascinating. Presumably the wildcat became inextricably entwined with human culture 10 millennia ago with the rise of agricultural systems. Finding ways to keep a rodent-­eating species around the house and farm would have obvious advantages. We all know that cats were deified in some Egyptian societies; photographs in the section of the book about the unearthing of thousands of cat mummies illustrate just how serious some folks in ancient Egypt were about their cats. </p><p>Finding out about the ecology, behavior and general biology of the 29 species of small wild cats that still exist out there in the world is fascinating. The thought of trying to domesticate some of the others is also intriguing. But reading about those small wild cats convinces me that none of them would ever be able to replace the dog.</p><p>Send environmental questions to ecoviews@gmail.com.</p>