The Study Of The Form And Structure Of Biology

Health II
1st semester FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
ANATOMY: The study of the form and structure of an organism.
PHYSIOLOGY: The study of the processes of living organisms, or why and how they work.
PATHOPHSIOLOGY: The study of how disease occurs and the responses of living organisms to disease processes.
BODY PLANES, DIRECTIONS AND CAVITIES:
BODY PLANES: Imaginary lies drawn through the body at various parts to separate the body into sections.
-Transverse plane: Is a horizontal plane that divides the body into a top half and bottom half. * Superior- body parts above other parts. * Inferior-body parts below other parts. * Cranial- body parts near the head. * Caudal- body parts located near the sacral region, or tail, of the spinal column.
-Midsagittal (median plane): divides the body into right and left sides. * Medial- body parts close to the midline. * Lateral- body parts away from the midline.
-Frontal (coronal plane): divides the body into front and back section. * Ventral, or anterior- body parts in front of the plane, or on the front of the body. * Dorsal, or posterior- body parts on the back of the body.
Proximal: body parts close to the point of reference.
Distal: body parts distant from the point of reference.
Body Cavities: Spaces within the body that contain vital organs. 2 main body cavivties. -Dorsal Cavitiy: one long, continuous cavity located on the back of the body. Its divided in 2 sections: * Cranial- contains the brain * Spianal- contains the spinal cord
-Ventral Cavities: Separated into two cavities by the dome-shaped muscle, the diaphragm. * Thoracic Cavity: located in the chest and contains the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, and large blood vessels. * Abdominal Cavity: The upper part of the abdominal cavity contains the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, appendix, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and splean. * Pelvic Cavity- the lower part of the abdominal, and contains the urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine.
Three main cavities:
-Orbital- for the eyes
-Nasal- for the nose
-Buccal- for the mouth (teeth and tongue)
Four Abdominal Quadrants:
LUQ, LLQ, RUQ, RLQ

6:3 INTEFUMENTARY: or skin.
Three main layers of the skin:
1.Epidermis- the outermost layer of the skin.
2.Dermis- “true skin” This layer has a framework of elastic connective tissue and contains blood vessels; nerves; involuntary muscle; sweat and oil glands; and hair follicles.
3. Subcutaneous fascia, or hypodermis- the innermost layer. Made up of adipose (fatty tissue) and connects the skin to the underlying muscles.
Sudoriferous glands: are sweat glands and contains water, salts, and some body waste.
Sebaceous glands: are oil glands that open into hair follicles and produce sebum.
Functions of the skin-
-Protection: It serves as a barrier to the suns ultraviolet and the invasion of pathogens, or germs.
-Sensory perception- the nerves in the skin help the body respond to pain, pressure, temperature, and touch sensations.
-Body Temperature Regulation: The blood vessels in the skin help the body retain or lose heat.
-Storage: The skin has tissues for temporary storage of fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts.
-Absorbtion: Certain substances can be absorbed through the skin.
-Excretion: the skin helps the body eliminate salt, a minute amount of waste, and excess water and heat through perspiration.
-Production; The skin helps in the production of vitamin D by using ultraviolet rays.
Abnormal colors of the skin
Erythema- reddish color of the skin that caused by burns or congestion of blood in the vessels.
Jaundice- a yellow discoloration of the skin, can indicate bile in the blood as a result of liver or gallbladder disease.
Cyanosis- bluish color of the skin caused by insufficient oxygen.
Skin Eruptions 1. Macules-flat spots of the skin, such as freckles.

whiteness is a racial identity
Discuss the evidence of improvement and continuing inequality of minority groups in
the United States today
Describe the intersection of race, gender, and class inequality in the United States
today
Chapter 10 Study Guide
What are the Major Racial and Ethnic Groups?
• African Americans
• Hispanic Americans
• Native Americans
Which is the largest group, where do they live (city or rural)?
Which is the fastest growing group?
What are groups with an Intermediate…

Study Guide, Chapter 4
Note: This is but a guide. There may be questions on the exam that are not covered in this guide. All lectures, video clips and the text are fair game for the exam. READ YOUR BOOK. The best answers are answers you have found in the text.
1. How are fear and anxiety different?
Fear is in response to a serious threat while anxiety is in response to a vague threat
2. What class of mental disorders is the most common in the U.S.?
Anxiety disorders
3. What are the symptoms…

deductive reasoning is when specific conclusion is drawn based on general concepts (Griffith 269-270). In Michael Pollan's book, In Defense of Food, his reasoning is sound because he makes strong inductive and deductive arguments which are supported by studies and research from credible sources.
In the first section of Pollan's book, he explains what nutritionism is and how it has led to bad food science. Nutritionism is the "widely shared but unexamined assumption that the key to understanding food is…

Bibliography
Ursurla L Waller
ENG 122: English Composition II
Dr. Pal- Agrawal
2015 Feb 5
Abstract
For this class, I have chosen the research topic “Is the American diet responsible for the adult obesity epidemic in the United States?” For this topic, I will argue that an individual’s diet in America, contributed to by both societal influence and the existence of Food Deserts, is due to the foods consumed in ones culture as accessible. These choices will guide me towards research papers focusing on the food…

sites. From the constant exposures and readings, you are expected to obtain (i) more practical education and learning activities and (ii) numerous benefits such as thinking and reasoning skills. Hence, try to visit and check the current news in one of the web sites above on a regular basis during and after the term.
Financial Calculator
Financial Calculator (BA II Plus, TI : N – I/Y – PV – PMT – FV)
: No matter what calculator you use, it is your responsibility to learn how to use the calculator…

Introduction
I. In 2013, both Colorado and Washington, passed laws to decriminalize this drug.
II. On top of that 20 states provide it for medical reasons.
III. Police have arrested almost 750,000 people for marijuana; jails would be less populated and filled with real criminals if the states would legalize marijuana.
IV. For those who are still up in the air about it, I’ve gathered 8 well rounded reasons why those should reconsider their feelings; No one has overdosed, 40% of Americans already…

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