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Health and Wealth “A nation’s health is a nation’s wealth.” Masthead of The Sanitarian, published in Britain in the 19th century

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What is Wealth? Experts in ‘alternative economics’ have long suggested that wealth consists of four forms of capital. That view is increasingly accepted by, among others, the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, even (parts of) Wall Street.

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Social capital - the glue high social cohesion and civicness safe, livable built environments equitable access to the basic determinants of health

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Social capital - the glue Three aspects of social capital social cohesion and ‘civicness’ (Putnam) public investment in the ‘soft’ social infrastructure (health services, education, social services, libraries etc) the judicial, political and constitutional infrastructure of society

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Social v human capital Social capital is distinguished from human capital in that it does not exist within any single individual but instead is concerned with the structure of relationships between and among individuals. Coleman, 1998

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Social capital Human capital Natural capital Economic capital The four forms of community capital

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Global Wealth A 1995 World Bank study suggested that of the world’s total wealth 20% is ‘produced assets’ (economic wealth) 20% is ecological (natural) capital 60% is a combination of social and human capital

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Health and Development The four forms of wealth require four forms of development if health is to be maximised.

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Economic development development of the economy to provide the means of ensuring that the basic determinants of health are adequately met, thus avoiding absolute material deprivation –enables us to ‘purchase’ health

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Social development development of the communities and societies of people to ensure that everyone has an equal opportunity of benefiting from development, thus reducing relative material and psychosocial deprivation and ensuring social equity and health.

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Sustainable development development in a manner that is indefinitely environmentally sustainable, ensuring that future generations and other species can continue to survive and thrive, while providing for economic, social and human development today and in the future.

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Human development ensuring that every human being attains their fullest possible human potential.

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Real Capitalism Real capitalists do not build just one form of capital - economic capital - by depleting the other three forms of capital. They build all four forms of capital.

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A New Capitalism for the 21st Century The new capitalism must simultaneously increase ecological capital social capital economic capital human capital

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Who should be our private sector partners? Those whose bottom line improves when our bottom line improves. –then we share a common interest

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Caveat partner! Don’t partner with those who make money from selling ill health –the tobacco industry and others lose or don’t make money if the health of the population improves –the ‘medical-industrial complex’? profit in ways that harm health

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Private Sector Partners for Health Whose bottom line improves when the public’s health improves? health and life insurance companies tourism and recreation industries sport and fitness industries all businesses

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Who are the real creators of health in that they provide the basic determinants of health? food producers home builders teachers clean water industries creators of healthful employment Partners/2

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Partners/3 Who is already working to increase all four forms of capital simultaneously? community gardeners community-based energy retrofits public transportation