Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Sciencehttps://revistas.pucsp.br/circumhc
<a href="/circumhc"><img src="/public/site/images/portalrevistas/circum2.png" alt="" align="left" /></a>Circumscribere (International Journal for the History of Science) is an international online peer-reviewed journal edited by Center Simão Mathias for Studies in the History of Science. It is published twice a year and carries academic articles on history of science, technology and medicine. <p> </p>Indexing/abstracting: Isis Current Bibliography; Latindex; DOAJ; OCLC World Cat; CiteFactor; ProQuest; ROADCentro Simão Mathias de Estudos em História da Ciênciaen-USCircumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science1980-7651<p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode"><span><img src="/public/site/images/portalrevistas/88x31(2).png" alt="" /></span></a></p><p><span>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode</span></p>

Editorialhttps://revistas.pucsp.br/circumhc/article/view/40561
Raphael Uchôa .Luciana Costa Lima Thomaz .
Copyright (c) 2018 Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science
2018-12-112018-12-112210.23925/1980-7651.2018v22;videoEinstein's redshift derivations: its history from 1907 to 1921https://revistas.pucsp.br/circumhc/article/view/36437
<p>Einstein's gravitational redshift derivation in his famous 1916 paper on general relativity seems to be problematic, being mired in what looks like conceptual difficulties or at least contradictions or gaps in his exposition. Was this derivation a blunder? To answer this question, we will consider Einstein’s redshift derivations from his first one in 1907 to the 1921 derivation made in his Princeton lectures on relativity. This will enable to see the unfolding of an interdependent network of concepts and heuristic derivations in which previous ideas inform and condition later developments. The resulting derivations and views on coordinates and clocks are in fact not without inconsistencies. However, we can see these difficulties as an aspect of an evolving network understood as a “work in progress”.</p>Mário Bacelar Valente
Copyright (c) 2018 Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science
2018-12-062018-12-062211610.23925/1980-7651.2018v22;1-16Chemistry in Mexico in the first decades of the twentieth century: establishment of the first School of Chemical Sciences (1917)https://revistas.pucsp.br/circumhc/article/view/38832
<p>In Mexico, the absence of significant foundational moments and heroic characters in the development of chemistry in the first quarter of the twentieth century has caused this period to pass almost unnoticed in the historiography of chemistry in Mexico. However, an approximation of some individuals, mostly pharmacists, who have been scarcely studied and considered secondary allowed us to identify and analyze the spaces where chemistry was produced, taught, practiced and professionalized. Our purpose is to present how and where chemistry developed during this period and the main social actors involved in this process.</p>Liliana Schifter
Copyright (c) 2018 Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science
2018-12-062018-12-0622173510.23925/1980-7651.2018v22;p17-35Ludwig Binswanger: the construction of an epistemological foundation for psychiatryhttps://revistas.pucsp.br/circumhc/article/view/40478
Ludwig Binswanger (1881-1966) was one of the pioneers in the approach of the psychiatric psychopathology and the phenomenological philosophy field. A panoramic historiographical review of the author reveals the methodological development of his phenomenological work in three phases of distinct philosophical inspirations. The first one is the Husserlian phase with the application of the concept of intentionality of consciousness; the second one is the Daseinsanalytic of the Heiddeguerian inspiration phase, followed by the last phase, which is the return to Husserlian thought in his late writings. The present study will focus on the analysis of dialogues and the articulations between the phases of Binswanger’s thinking, proposing the hypothesis of a continuous axis in the methodological itinerary of his work, with the objective of creating a scientific epistemological framework for the field of psychiatry.Antonia TonusGuilherme Messas
Copyright (c) 2018 Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science
2018-12-062018-12-0622364910.23925/1980-7651.2018v22;p36-49Ronald A. Fisher and the improvement of humankindhttps://revistas.pucsp.br/circumhc/article/view/40480
In this paper we argue that the motif underlying Ronald Aylmer Fisher (1890-1962) scientific endeavors was eugenics and the notion of differential fertility. Fisher’s contribution to Neo-Darwinian synthesis and the development of several basic concepts of modern statistics, among others, derived from his interest in providing sound grounds to the hypothesis that the reproduction of the ‘well-born’ ought to be encouraged, while individuals “unfit for civilized society” were to be financially and socially discouraged from bearing children. Fisher believed that all striving notwithstanding, all human societies were doomed to decadence and collapse due to purely biological reasons, being eugenics the only approach likely to prevent such sorry fate. In Fisher’s work statistics, evolution theory, genetics and eugenics form one single logical structure, since all of them directly concern a more general problem, i.e., the biological improvement of humankind. Eugenics did not disappear after the end of World War II, but was reframed at least partially as present-day genetics, including clinical genetic counseling.Rodrigo Andrade da CruzSilvia Waisse
Copyright (c) 2018 Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science
2018-12-062018-12-0622506810.23925/1980-7651.2018v22;p50-68Dragões, serpentes e outras bestas: imagens impressas e ideias de classificação de animais em obras de Ulisse Aldrovandihttps://revistas.pucsp.br/circumhc/article/view/39658
<p>Esta tese teve como objetivo central o estudo das imagens renascentistas do mundo natural, sendo consideradas como um documento para a História da Ciência. Para tal abordagem foram adotados alguns princípios metodológicos embasados nas três esferas de análise da História da Ciência – Epistemológica, Historiográfica e Contextual. Desses princípios optou-se por aprofundar na análise de cunho epistemológico, no que condiz, por exemplo, com a análise interna de documentos/imagens, visando indicar possibilidades das relações existentes entre as técnicas e concepções em imagens e texto por meio do conhecimento sobre o mundo natural, focando na organização/classificação dos animais, tendo como ponto inicial alguns animais do grupo de Répteis. Utilizou-se a análise da técnica artística empregada nas imagens, mostrando como as representações desses animais, na obra de Ulisse Aldrovandi, apresentam riqueza de detalhes anatômicos/morfológicos, tanto externos como internos. E, que esse mesmo padrão se mantém em outras obras do autor que possuem a temática de representação de animais, tanto em representações em xilogravuras, como em pinturas. Esse tipo de análise comparativa foi realizado não somente dentro das obras de Aldrovandi, como também entre os estudiosos da natureza de seu período, com a finalidade de verificar se havia o mesmo rigor de padrão de técnicas artísticas adotadas entre eles. O resultado obtido, seja por meio do reconhecimento de técnicas artísticas empregadas nas imagens, seja por meio do reconhecimento que as mesmas podem ser utilizadas como instrumento de organização/classificação dos animais, nos mostra a importância em se considerar a imagem como forma de registro e comunicação de conhecimentos, tanto da natureza, como das artes, ou seja, considerando a imagem como documento para a da História da Ciência.</p>Stefan Bovolon Bovolon
Copyright (c) 2018 Circumscribere: International Journal for the History of Science
2018-12-062018-12-0622697010.23925/1980-7651.2018v22;p69-70