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There are global interests on utilizing peatlands, which cover 3% of the total earth land mass. The intentions are to use them as massive blocks of agricultural plantation, to extract energy contents, and simply to conserve them as giant but natural carbon storage. Redapes.org (2007) argued that despite peatlands occupy only 3% of the globe land mass; they contain approximately 550 billion tonnes of carbon, as twice as much as all forests can hold. This naturally abundance of carbon is a major concern to global climate issue.

To developing countries located on tropical region, peatland is a potential agricultural site for large monoculture plantation. Indonesia and Malaysia are the leading countries for palm oil plantations on peatlands (International Herald Tribune, 2009). With regard to an increasingly sensitive issue on creating more responsible and eco-friendly agriculture, palm oil plantations on peatlands become one of the main key issues in reducing gl…

We are now in modern food industry era. Food productions are much safer than what have been practiced in past several decades. However, a report suggested, foods are still regarded as a crucial disease carrier, giving 200 names of diseases and 90% of total illnesses.

In a decade ago, faecal and intestinal microbial contaminations dominate the cause of pathogenic induced illnesses. Today, as presented in a report, the trend is shifting from some well known pathogens, like Esch. coliand Staph. aureus to strains of Salmonella, Camphylobacter, and Norwalk virus. The latters contribute more than 10 millions of infections on the globe, claiming nearly 700 lifes. With regard to the severity of disease, Listeria monocytogenes is the top killing bacteria, giving 20% rate of death from nearly 2500 reported cases.

An IFT expert report puts a classification of risk sources on food-borne illness caused by microorganisms: human/host, pathogens, and exposure. With regard to current practice in…