By Annie Gowen

UpdatedNovember 7, 2016 — 4.47amfirst published at 4.40am

New Delhi: Mask-wearing protesters took to the streets of the Indian capital on Sunday as the city remained blanketed under a cloud of toxic smoke that has lingered for a week and sparked anger at the government's slow response.

Thousands of schools have been shuttered, cricket matches cancelled and residents warned to stay inside as the air pollution crisis in New Delhi and the surrounding metropolitan region – deemed an "emergency situation" by the environment minister on Saturday – stretched into its seventh day.

A Delhi policeman stands guard at the closed war memorial, which is engulfed in a thick smog.Credit:AP

Patients with breathing problems inundated hospitals and doctor's clinics, and residents waited in line to buy pricey face masks, which inevitably sold out.

"We have never seen something like this. This time things are really bad," said P.S. Walia, 44, a father of two who was at a protest on Sunday. He has shuttered his house, stopped taking morning walks and kept his kids indoors this past week to protect them from the stinging air.

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Women wear masks during an anti-pollution protest in New Delhi on Sunday.Credit:AP

Experts said low winds, holiday fireworks residue and crop-burning in neighbouring states contributed to the haze, which reduced visibility at the airport to a 17-year low last week.

Air-quality data from the US Embassy's air monitor – which measures the particulate pollutant known as PM 2.5 – averaged 640 last week, more than six times the level deemed acceptable by the Environmental Protection Agency.

On Sunday, Delhi's chief minister, Arvind Kerjiwal, said the city would undertake emergency measures to address the "need of the hour," including banning construction activity for five days, limiting diesel-generator use, water-treating dusty roads and temporarily closing a coal-fired power plant. The city's schools would remain shut for three days, he said.

Environmental experts applauded the move but say the city – the 11th-most-polluted in the world, according to the World Health Organisation – needs far more stringent long-term solutions. Last week, the country's environmental court had chided both the central and state governments for "shifting blame" and not taking action to address the problem.

An Indian girl at Sunday's protest.Credit:AP

"Emergency measure are an absolute necessity right now because the levels we are seeing are too horrendous," said Anumita Roychowdhury, head of the Centre for Science and Environment's air pollution and clean transportation program.

Mr Kejriwal said farmers in the neighbouring states of Punjab and Haryana had illegally burned 16 to 20 tons of crop waste in the past month, turning the capital into a "gas chamber."

The states' environment ministers are set to meet on Monday to come up with a plan to address the problem.

"So much is caused by the burning of crops. The government has to do something," said Satish Mittal, a roadside tea stall owner.

Mr Kejriwal's government has made earlier attempts to control pollution, including two trials of a controversial plan this year to limit car use by odd or even license plates, a program that reduced traffic but did not have the dramatic effect on air quality some had hoped for.

Hundreds gathered for a protest walk in the tech suburb of Gurgaon on Saturday and at a rally near Parliament in New Delhi on Sunday. There, the masked protesters were joined by schoolchildren with hand-lettered signs that said "Be the solution to the pollution" and "Help Delhi Breathe."

One of the organisers, Shivani Gupta, 41, a jewellry designer, said her son – who has become severely asthmatic – was hospitalised three times last year because of pollution. The family has even taken to wearing protective masks inside their house.

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"My husband is sick and my child is sick," she said. "This is not how we can live our lives."