To Peter from Christine 02.24.04

I feel like I am outside a carnival merry
go round, trying to make out who's who and what they said as
they went by. I would have to really study everyone's input of
the past weekend to make any kind of reasonable contribution
to the discussion. I would like to "get back" to our
discussion of a few days ago when I was asking you to explain
the meaning of the concept of "assimilation" and your
understanding of Rudolf Steiner's point of view in relation to
this particular concept.

I am going to try to use a variety of font
styles, etc. to get emphasis. I did the work below in Word with
yellow highlighting and text color, but I can't make it come
out here. Please give me leeway to Bold some of your words -
with the preface that it is my own emphasis for clarity. Thank
you in advance for your patience with all of this!

Sorry to have caused confusion. I will
try to restate what I think is relevant about the concept of
assimilation and its role in Rudolf Steiner's views on Jews,
Judaism, and Jewishness.

Assimilation is most certainly not antisemitic in and of itself.
In the Germany of Steiner's day, most Jews were firmly in favor
of assimilation, and they definitely weren't antisemites; in
fact the most prominent organization of pro-assimilationist Jews,
the Centralverein, was also a major opponent of antisemitic agitation.
There were other tendencies within German Jewry that were much
more ambivalent toward assimilation, including many Orthodox
Jews and many Zionists, but these were minority viewpoints at
the time.

Within the non-Jewish population (which is to say, the vast majority
of Germans), there were many supporters and defenders of Jewish
rights; these people are sometimes called philosemites (though
that term, particularly in Germany, carries a quite a few complicated
connotations). In my view, Steiner belonged to this stream around
the turn of the century, when he published a series of articles
denouncing organized antisemitism. Along with these philosemites,
there were of course also many antisemites, who appeared in a
great variety of ideological types, from religious antisemites
to cultural antisemites to political antisemites to economic
antisemites to racial antisemites and more. To complicate matters
further, the range of general attitudes toward assimilation among
non-Jewish Germans was spread more or less evenly across this
ideological spectrum: some antisemites were in favor of assimilation,
as they understood it, and others were opposed. Moreover, many
philosemites also shared an emphatically pro-assimilationist
perspective.

The trouble is that for the most part, Jews and non-Jews meant
very different things by the term 'assimilation'. For Jews, especially
assimilationist Jews, it generally meant fuller integration into
mainstream German society while retaining their Jewish identity.
For many non-Jews, in contrast, assimilation meant the abandonment
of Jewish identity as such. This is how Steiner understood the
concept, for example. This fundamental difference greatly exacerbated
the existing social conflicts surrounding the so-called "Jewish
question" in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

I hope this won't muddle things even further,
but it's important to keep in mind that racism and antisemitism
are two different things. Although they do often coincide, there
are certainly racists who are not antisemites and antisemites
who are not racists. This is relevant to the contested notion
of assimilation because most racial antisemites -- those who
viewed Jews as racially distinct from 'German' or 'Aryans' --
opposed assimilation. However, there are instances of antisemites
who favored assimilation and who also held a more or less racial
conception of Jewishness; in my view, some of Steiner's mature
views on Jews (after his turn to Theosophy) fall into this category.

(Christine's note - the word used by you is
"racial conception of Jewishness" NOT - "racist
conception" - just wanted to bring this out for clarity)

The quotes above establish that Steiner was
for "assimilation" but according to the above definitions
and explanations by yourself, this does not establish "antisemitism".
In fact, you stress that RS is a "pro-semitic assimilationist".

If this is the case, then I wish to ask what
quotes from RS establish antisemitism? What quotes establish
racism? What will we use as the definition of racism?

In the sequence below, I have outlined my
own thought construct to simplify my understanding regarding
the concept of "racism" and what would need to be contained
in a personal or group philosophy in order to be able to justify
the label "racist."

1. That human races do exist - Biologically,
Culturally, Nationally (any one or combination of theories may
apply).
2. That any one race is the "antecedent" to another
or to all others - OR that races have evolved "upward"
from previous racial groups as defined above.
3. That any one race is "better" than another by virtue
of being antecedent and all others have "devolved"
from the original - OR by virtue of having "evolved"
to a greater superiority of characteristics such as intelligence,
skill, theological belief or other value concept.
4. That if (and this is speculative) there were one race "proven"
by some branch of science to have been the antecedent to or evolved
from another race orall races, this should
then be taken as "proof" of "racial superiority".
And if not proven scientifically, this can and should be accepted
philosophically or theologically.
5. That if any race is by virtue of the above suppositions alone,
"superior" to any or all others, then it has a "natural"
or "biological" or "divine" right to impose
it's own desires, demands, belief systems or abusive impulses
onany or all other races.

Are there any quotes of Rudolf Steiner (directly,
not interpretations by any one else) that the above sequence
of thought was held by him?

The two quotes you used above do not fit into
this construct according to the following:

(Peter Staudemeier - same e-mail as above)

In summary: assimilation itself is neither
necessarily antisemitic nor necessarily racist; it is, instead,
a significant distinguishing issue in the complex debates over
the status of Jews within German culture and society in Steiner's
day. The difference between Jewish and gentile understandings
of 'assimilation' is a mainstay of the abundant historical research
on German-Jewish history; when I get back to the computer later
today I will try to post a selection of quotes from various works
that will hopefully give a fuller picture of this multifaceted
question.

Peter Staudenmaier

OK - so according to the "thought construct"
above, to my understanding, this would be a sequence of thought,
whether based on the "science of eugenics" (or the
seeds of what would later become a full blown "eugenics"
philosophy at the hands of the Nazis and which has not disappeared
today within the American and European governments, only gone
underground) or on philosophical or theological arguments, that
would lay the basis for accepting and by extension, acting on
a "racist" world view or agenda.

Is this correct? Am I missing some critical
elements in this construct? Please don't bring in what 20 historians
reference. I would like to keep it in the realm of "common
perception" of the meaning of the word "racism"
in contemporary usage.

If this construct is correct (or close to
with any additions or deletions you would feel necessary to be
accurate, would you please:

1. present quotes by Rudolf Steiner which
directly align with this construct and follow it to it's conclusion.
Bearing in mind that you have offered the two above as proof
of Rudolf Steiner's adherence to and stated belief in the efficacy
of "assimilation"; that you consider him to have been
a "pro-semitic assimilationist"; and that you have
stated above,

assimilation itself is neither necessarily
antisemitic nor necessarily racist; it is, instead, a significant
distinguishing issue in the complex debates over the status of
Jews within German culture and society in Steiner's day.

When you say Green Wing are you speaking
of a Green Wing within the Anthroposophical group?

No. I am speaking of the so-called 'green
wing' of the Nazi party.

Or are you speaking of the Green Party
of the Germans?

No. I am speaking of the so-called 'green
wing' of the Nazi party.

I know that I have missed something here,
either from the "mountain" of e-mails in the past couple
of days, or in your original article, which I have not yet read.
I am inferring from the quotes directly above that you directly
link something in Rudolf Steiner's body of work with the "green
wing" of the Nazi party. I do not know what that is, actually
and I do not know what passages you quote that establish this
link.

Please be so kind as to repeat them for me
here and to show

1. why what you quote from Steiner is to be
linked to the "green wing" of the Nazi party and

2. Why everything else that Steiner ever said
or did or worked for is to be tainted with association with the
Nazi party as a result of this link in light of the following:

(from the same e-mail dialogue as directly
above)

(excerpt - Dottie)

And once again any group can take whatever
appeals to them from a speaker and it does not make the speaker
culpable for their actions.

(Peter's answer)

That's true.

I really need this spelled out because I have
no access to all of the reference materials that you have discussed
with others here and probably not the time or intelligence to
make a reasonable study of it all. After all, you have been working
with this material for quite a few years, as I understand.

If you can present direct quotes from Rudolf
Steiner that directly establish his world view and (by inference
and association) everything contained in the vast body of work
known as "Anthroposophy" to be RACIST by definition
I will accept it. According to your own statements above, we
must put aside the above two quotes by Rudolf Steiner and start
afresh with something else.

We must also, by your own statements above,
discount as "proof" of racist attitude, philosophy
or belief any actions of other people living concurrently or
after Rudolf Steiner who may have admired his work and sought
to promote it and yet held their own distinctly defined racist
beliefs and commitments.

I feel like I am outside a carnival merry go round, trying
to make out who's who and what they said as they went by."

I know the feeling.

(Christine's note - the word used by you is "racial conception
of Jewishness" NOT - "racist conception" - just
wanted to bring this out for clarity)

Yes, that distinction is sometimes important. A racial conception
of Jewishness is one that hold Jews to be a race, racially distinct
from other peoples. Some antisemites held such a view, some philosemites
did, and some Jews did.

The quotes above establish that Steiner was for "assimilation"
but according to the above definitions and explanations by yourself,
this does not establish "antisemitism".

Yes, quite so.

In fact, you stress that RS is a "pro-semitic assimilationist".

That's not the term I use, but yes, I think that Steiner also
had a philosemitic phase, and this phase was also strongly pro-assimilationist.

If this is the case, then I wish to ask
what quotes from RS establish antisemitism?

I think that the quotes from 1888 and 1924 are antisemitic. I
think that the quotes from 1900 and 1901 are not. In the 1888
and 1924 quotes, Steiner invokes a number of classic antisemitic
tropes (Jews are a closed totality, dominated by racial qualities,
as well as a historical anachronism whose "mission"
was fulfilled long ago), and combines these with a straightforward
call for the Jewish people to disappear.

What quotes establish racism?

I haven't said much about what I see as Steiner's racism here,
and haven't offered many quotes along those lines, though I do
think that the passage about Chinese and Jews that I showed you
is plainly racist.

What will we use as the definition of racism?

That depends. The one I use is the one I outlined a couple days
ago. We don't have to use that one, or use only that one. Thanks
for offering your own typpology of racist belief:

1. That human races do exist - Biologically,
Culturally, Nationally (any one or combination of theories may
apply)."

I agree that this is a necessary component of racism.

2. That any one race is the "antecedent" to another
or to all others - OR that races have evolved "upward"
from previous racial groups as defined above.

I'm not sure about that one.Some racists held that different
races had evolved independently of one another.

3. That any one race is "better" than another by
virtue of being antecedent and all others have "devolved"
from the original - OR by virtue of having "evolved"
to a greater superiority of characteristics such as intelligence,
skill, theological belief or other value concept.

I think that a mere ordering of races in any hierarchical fashion
is sufficient to establish this point, regardless of the reasons
invoked (i.e. no matter what the "by virtue of" part
might be).

4. That if (and this is speculative) there were one race "proven"
by some branch of science to have been the antecedent to or evolved
from another race or all races, this should then be taken as
"proof" of "racial superiority". And if not
proven scientifically, this can and should be accepted philosophically
or theologically."

I suppose so, though this sounds a little too vague to be helpful.
Lots of racists don't really bother with "proof".

5. That if any race is by virtue of the above suppositions
alone, "superior" to any or all others, then it has
a "natural" or "biological" or "divine"
right to impose it's own desires, demands, belief systems or
abusive impulses on any or all other races.

That is too restrictive a criterion, in my view. This sounds
more like a rationale for imperialism and colonization to me,
not a necessary component of racist thinking.

Are there any quotes of Rudolf Steiner
(directly, not interpretations by any one else) that the above
sequence of thought was held by him?
Do you mean quotes that fulfill all five of your criteria? Probably
not, in light of the fifth criterion, but there are quotes that
fulfill several of the others. The category of "higher"
and "lower" racial forms, for example, which I think
is central to Steiner's racial theory, fulfills # 1 and # 2,
as well as what I take to be the core of # 3.

The two quotes you used above do not fit into this construct
according to the following:

No, of course they don't. I presented them as instances of antisemitism,
not as instances of racism.

OK - so according to the "thought
construct" above, to my understanding, this would be a sequence
of thought, whether based on the "science of eugenics"
(or the seeds of what would later become a full blown "eugenics"
philosophy at the hands of the Nazis and which has not disappeared
today within the American and European governments, only gone
underground) or on philosophical or theological arguments, that
would lay the basis for accepting and by extension, acting on
a "racist" world view or agenda.

I still think that is too narrow to capture the variety of racist
thought, but I agree that you have hit on several of its more
common elements.

Is this correct? Am I missing some critical
elements in this construct? Please don't bring in what 20 historians
reference. I would like to keep it in the realm of "common
perception" of the meaning of the word "racism"
in contemporary usage.

As you can see from the recent thread on atheism, I am hardly
an expert on common usage. I think, however, that many people
easily recognize that the idea of higher and lower races, for
example, is racist. I do not think this is an inflationary misuse
of the term.

If this construct is correct (or close
to with any additions or deletions you would feel necessary to
be accurate, would you please:

1. present quotes by Rudolf Steiner which
directly align with this construct and follow it to it's conclusion.
Bearing in mind that you have offered the two above as proof
of Rudolf Steiner's adherence to and stated belief in the efficacy
of "assimilation""

But that mixes up antisemitism and racism. The quotes I gave
aren't racist. I think they are antisemitic. The distinction
is very important.

I am inferring from the quotes directly above that you directly
link something in Rudolf Steiner's body of work with the "green
wing" of the Nazi party.

Yes, that is the heart of my first article on anthroposophy.
Several of the leading figures in the so-called "green wing"
were significantly influenced by Steiner's work.

I do not know what that is, actually and I do not know what
passages you quote that establish this link.

Do you mean passages from Steiner? That is not how I establish
this link. The figures in question (Hess, Darre, Seifert, and
others) established the link to Steiner themselves, and Darre
in particular (the minister of agriculture) played an important
role in introducing biodynamic practices as part of state policy.
The top leadership of the biodynamic movement in Germany enthusiastically
joined in this effort.

Please be so kind as to repeat them for
me here and to show

1. why what you quote from Steiner is to
be linked to the "green wing" of the Nazi party

But that isn't what I do. What I do is try to explain how this
link came about, by exploring some of the ideological common
ground between Steiner's doctrines and the complex of ideas that
the "green wing" was drawn to.

2. Why everything else that Steiner ever
said or did or worked for is to be tainted with association with
the Nazi party as a result of this link
It isn't. How did I manage to give you the impression that I
think it is?

If you can present direct quotes from Rudolf
Steiner that directly establish his world view and (by inference
and association) everything contained in the vast body of work
known as "Anthroposophy" to be RACIST by definition
I will accept it.

The "everything" part misses the point, in my view.
I do not believe that everything contained in the vast body of
work known as anthroposophy is racist by definition. I do believe
that Steiner's racial doctrines are racist, and I further believe
that these doctrines played a central role in anthroposophy as
he taught it.

According to your own statements above, we must put aside
the above two quotes by Rudolf Steiner and start afresh with
something else.

Yes, absolutely. Racism and antisemitism are distinct phenomena.

We must also, by your own statements above,
discount as "proof" of racist attitude, philosophy
or belief any actions of other people living concurrently or
after Rudolf Steiner who may have admired his work and sought
to promote it and yet held their own distinctly defined racist
beliefs and commitments.

No, that would be a mistake. The expressed views of contemporaries
are an important source of evidence, one we shouldn't ignore.
But these play a minor role in my argument about Steiner's racial
theories. I believe that his theories were racist because of
their content, not because of their reception. His racial doctrines
are at least as complicated as his views on Jews, and by no means
all of his racial doctrines are racist, in my view (indeed some
of them are at least partially anti-racist). But some of them
definitely qualify as racist, according to my standards. Steiner
taught, to choose several examples, that skin color is directly
tied to spiritual disposition, that history and social existence
can only be understood through racial characteristics, that intelligence
is correlated to blonde hair and blue eyes, and that the white
race is the spiritually creative race and the race of the future.
I consider those views racist.

Do you mean passages from Steiner? That
is not how I establish this link. The figures in question (Hess,
Darre, Seifert, and others) established the link to Steiner themselves,
and Darre in particular (the minister of agriculture) played
an important role in introducing biodynamic practices as part
of state policy. The top leadership of the biodynamic movement
in Germany enthusiastically joined in this effort.

Peter,

You stated that you did not think a speaker
could be held accountable for the attendess of a specific forum.
So here you can not link or rather you do not link Steiner to
them rather them to Steiner. And you seem to hold Steiner accountable
for the fact that they took any of his learnings and used them
or perverted them or whatever it is you claim they did with them.

I leave you with a link to a comment on Roots
of Occultism by Goodrich-Clark. But before I go what are the
other names that you connect from the above mentioned group to
Anthroposophy? I am trying to refind the page a found a few years
back when originally speaking to you about Ariosophy. I believe
Hess was one if I am not mistaken and I am thinking there were
a few other names other than the ones you mention above. What
are the names of the ones you say intermixed in Anthroposophy
and Ariosophy?

Actually when you get to this link you must
put Goodrich Clarke in the search box and then choose Magic Realism.
It seems the Church wants you to hit their homepage first:) Oh
those Catholics what are we going to do with them:))))