The Jews say they are the 'chosen people' of God, while the non-Jews are goyim created to serve the Jews. The Christians say that 'because the Jews rejected the only ((begotten --as per christians)) son of God', they were rejected by God. What is the Islamic view on this issue? Are the Jews still the 'chosen people' of God, even after rejecting Prophet Jesus(PBUH) who is the Christ(Messiah) and the last Prophet and Messenger of God, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)?

1 Answer
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Allah's chosen people are those who abide by His criteria for being chosen. The Jews were neither God's chosen people then nor now. I suppose you are referring to the Children of Israel being the chosen group at one stage, rather than the Jews:

You are the best nation produced [as an example] for mankind. You enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong and believe in Allah. If only the People of the Scripture had believed, it would have been better for them. Among them are believers, but most of them are defiantly disobedient.

To assume that said criteria were satisfied only by the Jews is incorrect. In fact, the same verse implies that the People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) did not always believe in Allah. This is in addition to numerous textual evidence that the People of the Scripture neither always enjoined what is right (e.g., Qur'an 7:164) nor forbade what is wrong (e.g., Qur'an 5:79).

To assume that this verse 3:110 is referring to followers of Prophet Mohammad ﷺ only is equally incorrect. The verse refers to all Muslims at any time, let that be followers of Prophet Mohammad ﷺ or Prophet Ibrahim ﷺ or Prophet Mussa ﷺ or any other prophet or messenger for that matter.

The reasons that the Children of Israel were among God's chosen people at one time are also listed in the Qur'an. They were given:

Scripture

Authority to rule

Consistent presence of prophethood among them (not to be assumed that all prophets were from them; rather, among them, they always had prophets)

And [mention, O Muhammad], when Moses said to his people, "O my people, remember the favor of Allah upon you when He appointed among you prophets and made you possessors and gave you that which He had not given anyone among the worlds.

To the People of the Scripture, being God's chosen people is a matter of heritage; they perceive themselves as the "children of the Lord" (see Deuteronomy 14:1), and that once Israel's remnant was restored, they cannot go wrong (see Zephaniah 3:12-13). This understanding is, in fact, incorrect from both the text of the People of the Scripture and Islam.

Deuteronomy 32 talks about making the Children of Israel angry by a nation that has no understanding:

They made me jealous by what is no god and angered me with their worthless idols. I will make them envious by those who are not a people; I will make them angry by a nation that has no understanding.

In Idhhār al-Haq5/1132-1133 (Arabic only), Rahmatullah Kairanawi explains that the nation that has no understanding refers to the Arabs since they had no previous Divine Scripture. The criteria for remaining as God's chosen people, after becoming so, are also clearly stipulated in the Qur'an:

But the Jews and the Christians say, "We are the children of Allah and His beloved." Say, "Then why does He punish you for your sins?" Rather, you are human beings from among those He has created. He forgives whom He wills, and He punishes whom He wills. And to Allah belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them, and to Him is the [final] destination.

They are then informed that they are nothing other than "human beings from among those He has created." Allah also confirmed that (as in Deuteronomy 32:21) when the prophethood was given to another nation, and they recognized that it was Divine, they rejected Allah's message:

And when there came to them a Book from Allah confirming that which was with them — although before they used to pray for victory against those who disbelieved — but [then] when there came to them that which they recognized, they disbelieved in it; so the curse of Allah will be upon the disbelievers.

Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture, who believe in superstition and false objects of worship and say about the disbelievers, "These are better guided than the believers as to the way"? Those are the ones whom Allah has cursed; and he whom Allah curses — never will you find for him a helper.