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Tuesday, July 23, 2013

"What if Americans really talked about racism?" by Brian Mann

From North County Public Radio, "What if Americans really talked about racism?" by Brian Mann, on 20 July 2013 -- Solomon Northup, a black man, was a fiddler and a carpenter in Saratoga Springs. He had a wife, Anne, and three children, Elizabeth, Margaret and Alonzo. Together they operated a small farm in the town of Hebron in Washington County.

In 1841, Northup was kidnapped by slavers operating out of Washington DC.

He was drugged and transported to Louisiana, where he was sold in the way that livestock is sold to a series of plantation owners.

He lost twelve years of his life to America’s “peculiar” institution.

A movie is set to be released soon, telling Northup’s story — the story of a North Country man caught up in an evil system that was enshrined at the heart of the American experiment.

This very local tale comes at a time when more of us are being forced to confront our nation’s long, shameful embrace of racism. President Barack Obama spoke about this tension in the context of the shooting of Trayvon Martin this week.

“I think it’s important to recognize that the African American community is looking at this issue through a set of experiences and a history that doesn’t go away,” Obama said.

There are very few African American men in this country who haven’t had the experience of being followed when they were shopping in a department store. That includes me.

There are very few African American men who haven’t had the experience of walking across the street and hearing the locks click on the doors of cars. That happens to me — at least before I was a senator.

There are very few African Americans who haven’t had the experience of getting on an elevator and a woman clutching her purse nervously and holding her breath until she had a chance to get off. That happens often.

This is a conversation a lot of Americans just don’t want to have. Which is understandable. We are a proud people, convinced of the honor and wisdom of our Founding Fathers, devoted to the ideals that have been passed down to us.

But for many decades, we have resisted confronting honestly — and working to cure — the canker that remains at the heart of our republican experiment.

So let’s speak bluntly for a moment about what we did as a people and who we are today, the links that bind Solomon Northup to Trayvon Martin.

Through the first four centuries that Europeans were establishing a foothold in North America, we exterminated many of the human beings who lived here before us.

In many instances, we did so deliberately and with calculation, eliminating whole civilizations because we believed that the native Americans who occupied this continent were, at best, inconvenient and, at worst, a kind of dangerous vermin.

During this long, dark chapter, our forefathers — including the men who founded our nation — enriched themselves through the industrial ownership of other human beings.

Ours was a society that used the most evil imaginable tools in order to create a significant part of our wealth — a system of mass-kidnapping, rape, torture, eugenics, and bureacratized murder.

It’s important to confront the fact that this system wasn’t merely limited to slave-traders and plantation owners, no more than the German system in the 1930s and 1940s was limited to Nazi party officials and SS troopers.

The policies that produced slavery and genocide in America were the product of a much larger matrix of interests, from bankers to politicians to merchant traders to small farm owners.

We began the process of extracting ourselves from this dark tradition with the Civil War, but the deep system of racial hatred and violence was perpetuated through much of our modern history.

Jim Crow laws, public lynchings, KKK terror, deliberate (and successful) efforts to disenfranchise black voters, and widespread denial of access of blacks to the nation’s shared public wealth — these all continued into the mid-1960s.

Even today, many of us instinctively and reflexively view blacks as inferior, as problematic, as criminal, as lazy, as dangerous.

This prejudice colors who we are willing to hire. It colors who the police stop on the street at night. It colors who we put in prison. It colors who George Zimmerman feared and stalked and killed.

We have, of course, made great strides. The Civil Rights era produced remarkable gains. There is, at long last, a black middle class in America. Blacks take part in our political culture in robust ways. We have a black President, a black Attorney General.

What we have never had is a proper national discussion of this stain on our history and our honor. We have never reached any kind of national consensus on how to atone and how to heal.

There was never the equivalent of Germany’s Nuremberg trials, or South Africa’s truth and reconciliation process.

In much of conservative white America, there is deep ambivalence about revisiting this history.

The same community that talks with passion about preserving the traditions, values, and history of the “real” America, regards any discussion of race, any acknowledgment of shared guilt, as liberal hand-wringing.

Conservatives point to the terrible struggles within the black community — with crime, poverty, broken families and drug addiction — but want no part of connecting those horrors to our own centuries-long exploitation.

Many white liberals, meanwhile, believe that future discussions should involve class and the struggles of poor people generally — not merely focusing on black America. A rising tide lifts all boats.

I think this misses the mark. It’s not merely about money or economic progress. When an honorable people does wrong — and we, as a people, committed a long, dark atrocity — they must be honest, they must be humble, and they must atone.

It’s time for us to talk not just about Trayvon Martin, but also about Solomon Northup, and the long chain of black men and women that connect them.

It’s time to talk honestly about the privileges and wealth that white Americans — even white Americans of modest means — enjoy because of our forefathers’ complicity. It’s time to talk bluntly about our own fears, our own prejudices.

It’s time to acknowledge that much of our dislike of black America stems not from traditional racism, and a feeling of superiority.

Instead, it grows from that quiet nagging voice — the voice of our better angels — that tells us we have done a deep wrong and failed to put it right.

It’s time to to ask what would we expect of our government and from the wider community, if our people had been enslaved and cheated and humiliated in such a grievous fashion.

It is, of course, too late for us to welcome Solomon Northup home. Too late to make sure that some justice is restored to him and his wife Anne and their children. Too late to gather on his farm in Washington County and pay our humble respects.

It’s too late to save Trayvon Martin and restore to him the life and opportunity that any seventeen-year-old American boy should have.

But it’s not too late to think through ways that we might break this terrible chain that still burdens us as a people, black and white. (source: Brian Mann of North County Public Radio)

Brian Mann. Nancie Battaglia photo

Brian Mann grew up in Alaska, where he fell in love with public radio. In 1999, Brian moved to the Adirondacks and helped launch NCPR's news bureau at Paul Smiths College. "(source: North County Public Radio)

Runaway Slave Gordon. From the Smithsonian Photography Initiativ e, "Photography changes the way we record and respond to social...

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The banjo is a product of Africa. Africans transported to the Caribbean and Latin America were reported playing banjos in the 17th and 18th centuries, before any banjo was reported in the Americas. Africans in the US were the predominant players of this instrument until the 1840s.

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Badge laws existed in several Southern cities, urban centers such as Mobile and New Orleans, Savannah and Norfolk; the practice of hiring out slaves was common in both the rural and urban South. But the only city known to have implemented a rigid and formal regulatory system is Charleston.

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Manilla. Manillas were brass bracelet-shaped objects used by Europeans in trade with West Africa, from about the 16th century to the 1930s. They were made in Europe, perhaps based on an African original.Once Bristol entered the African trade, manillas were made locally for export to West Africa.

SLAVE CURRENCY: African Slave Trade Beads

In Africa, trade beads were used in West Africa by Europeans who got them from Venice, Holland, and Bohemia. They used millions of beads to trade with Africans for slaves, services, and goods such as palm oil, gold, and ivory. The trade with Africans was so vital that some of the beads were made specifically for Africans.

Slave Trade Currency: Cowry Shells

Long before our era the cowry shell was known as an instrument of payment and a symbol of wealth and power. This monetary usage continued until the 20th century. If we look a bit closer into these shells it is absolutely not astonishing that varieties as the cypraea moneta or cypraea annulus were beloved means of payments and eventually became in some cases huge competitors of metal currencies.

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Cannons with the Royal Crest

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"It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his two-ness,--an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder." -- W.E.B. DuBois

Slave Tortures

Portugal Slave Trade

1501-1866 Portugal transported 5,848,265 people from Africa to the Americas.

French Slave Trade

1501-1866 France transported 1,381,404 Africans to America.

Great Britain Slave Trade

1501-1866 The British transported 3,259,440 Africans to the Americas.

Spain Slave Trade

1501-1866 Spain transported 1,061,524 Africans to the Americas

Denmark Slave Trade

1501-1866 Denmark transported 111,041 people from Africa.

United States Slave Trade

1501-1866 The USA transported 305,326 Africans to the Americas.

Netherlands Slave Trade

"To be ignorant of what occurred before you were born is to remain always a child. For what is the worth of human life, unless it is woven into the life of our ancestors by the records of history?" — Marcus Tullius Cicero