Combinatorial structures that compose and decompose give rise to Hopf monoids
in Joyal's category of species. The Hadamard product of two Hopf monoids
is another Hopf monoid. We prove two main results regarding freeness of
Hadamard products. The first one states
that if one factor is connected and the other is free as a monoid,
their Hadamard product is free (and connected).
The second provides an explicit basis for the Hadamard
product when both factors are free.
The first main result is obtained by showing the existence of a one-parameter deformation
of the comonoid structure and appealing to a rigidity result of Loday and Ronco
that applies when the parameter is set to zero.
To obtain the second result, we introduce an operation on species that is intertwined
by the free monoid functor with the Hadamard product.
As an application of the first result, we deduce that the Boolean transform
of the dimension sequence of a connected Hopf monoid is nonnegative.

Combinatorial structures that compose and decompose give rise to Hopf monoids
in Joyal's category of species. The Hadamard product of two Hopf monoids
is another Hopf monoid. We prove two main results regarding freeness of
Hadamard products. The first one states
that if one factor is connected and the other is free as a monoid,
their Hadamard product is free (and connected).
The second provides an explicit basis for the Hadamard
product when both factors are free.

The first main result is obtained by showing the existence of a one-parameter deformation
of the comonoid structure and appealing to a rigidity result of Loday and Ronco
that applies when the parameter is set to zero.
To obtain the second result, we introduce an operation on species that is intertwined
by the free monoid functor with the Hadamard product.
As an application of the first result, we deduce that the Boolean transform
of the dimension sequence of a connected Hopf monoid is nonnegative.

Suppose that $Y$ is a cyclic cover of projective space branched over
a hyperplane arrangement $D$, and that $U$ is the complement of the
ramification locus in $Y$. The first theorem implies that the
Beilinson-Hodge conjecture holds for $U$ if certain multiplicities of
$D$ are coprime to the degree of the cover. For instance this applies
when $D$ is reduced with normal crossings. The second theorem shows
that when $D$ has normal crossings and the degree of the cover is a
prime number, the generalized Hodge conjecture holds for any toroidal
resolution of $Y$. The last section contains some partial extensions
to more general nonabelian covers.

Suppose that $Y$ is a cyclic cover of projective space branched over
a hyperplane arrangement $D$, and that $U$ is the complement of the
ramification locus in $Y$. The first theorem implies that the
Beilinson-Hodge conjecture holds for $U$ if certain multiplicities of
$D$ are coprime to the degree of the cover. For instance this applies
when $D$ is reduced with normal crossings. The second theorem shows
that when $D$ has normal crossings and the degree of the cover is a
prime number, the generalized Hodge conjecture holds for any toroidal
resolution of $Y$. The last section contains some partial extensions
to more general nonabelian covers.

We introduce a new basis of the algebra of non-commutative symmetric functions whose images under the forgetful map are Schur functions when indexed by a partition. Dually, we build a basis of the quasi-symmetric functions which expand positively in the fundamental quasi-symmetric functions.
We then use the basis to construct a non-commutative lift of the Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions with similar properties to their commutative counterparts.

We introduce a new basis of the algebra of non-commutative symmetric functions whose images under the forgetful map are Schur functions when indexed by a partition. Dually, we build a basis of the quasi-symmetric functions which expand positively in the fundamental quasi-symmetric functions.
We then use the basis to construct a non-commutative lift of the Hall-Littlewood symmetric functions with similar properties to their commutative counterparts.

Let $F$ be a $p$-adic field of characteristic $0$, and let $M$ be an $F$-Levi subgroup of a connected reductive $F$-split group such that $\Pi_{i=1}^{r} SL_{n_i} \subseteq M \subseteq \Pi_{i=1}^{r} GL_{n_i}$ for positive integers $r$ and $n_i$. We prove that the Plancherel measure for any unitary supercuspidal representation of $M(F)$ is identically transferred under the local Jacquet-Langlands type correspondence between $M$ and its $F$-inner forms, assuming a working hypothesis that Plancherel measures are invariant on a certain set. This work extends the result of
Muić and Savin (2000) for Siegel Levi subgroups of the groups $SO_{4n}$ and $Sp_{4n}$ under the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence. It can be applied to a simply connected simple $F$-group of type $E_6$ or $E_7$, and a connected reductive $F$-group of type $A_{n}$, $B_{n}$, $C_n$ or $D_n$.

Let $F$ be a $p$-adic field of characteristic $0$, and let $M$ be an $F$-Levi subgroup of a connected reductive $F$-split group such that $\Pi_{i=1}^{r} SL_{n_i} \subseteq M \subseteq \Pi_{i=1}^{r} GL_{n_i}$ for positive integers $r$ and $n_i$. We prove that the Plancherel measure for any unitary supercuspidal representation of $M(F)$ is identically transferred under the local Jacquet-Langlands type correspondence between $M$ and its $F$-inner forms, assuming a working hypothesis that Plancherel measures are invariant on a certain set. This work extends the result of
Muić and Savin (2000) for Siegel Levi subgroups of the groups $SO_{4n}$ and $Sp_{4n}$ under the local Jacquet-Langlands correspondence. It can be applied to a simply connected simple $F$-group of type $E_6$ or $E_7$, and a connected reductive $F$-group of type $A_{n}$, $B_{n}$, $C_n$ or $D_n$.

Let $\mathfrak{A}$ be a $C^{*}$-algebra with real rank zero which has
the stable weak cancellation property. Let $\mathfrak{I}$ be an ideal
of $\mathfrak{A}$ such that $\mathfrak{I}$ is stable and satisfies the
corona factorization property. We prove that
$
0 \to \mathfrak{I} \to \mathfrak{A} \to \mathfrak{A} / \mathfrak{I} \to 0
$
is a full extension if and only if the extension is stenotic and
$K$-lexicographic. {As an immediate application, we extend the
classification result for graph $C^*$-algebras obtained by Tomforde
and the first named author to the general non-unital case. In
combination with recent results by Katsura, Tomforde, West and the
first author, our result may also be used to give a purely
$K$-theoretical description of when an essential extension of two
simple and stable graph $C^*$-algebras is again a graph
$C^*$-algebra.}

Let $\mathfrak{A}$ be a $C^{*}$-algebra with real rank zero which has
the stable weak cancellation property. Let $\mathfrak{I}$ be an ideal
of $\mathfrak{A}$ such that $\mathfrak{I}$ is stable and satisfies the
corona factorization property. We prove that
$
0 \to \mathfrak{I} \to \mathfrak{A} \to \mathfrak{A} / \mathfrak{I} \to 0
$
is a full extension if and only if the extension is stenotic and
$K$-lexicographic. {As an immediate application, we extend the
classification result for graph $C^*$-algebras obtained by Tomforde
and the first named author to the general non-unital case. In
combination with recent results by Katsura, Tomforde, West and the
first author, our result may also be used to give a purely
$K$-theoretical description of when an essential extension of two
simple and stable graph $C^*$-algebras is again a graph
$C^*$-algebra.}

Let $\mathcal{V}$ be a variety of associative algebras generated by
an algebra with $1$ over a field of characteristic zero. This
paper is devoted to the classification of the varieties
$\mathcal{V}$ which are minimal of polynomial growth (i.e., their
sequence of codimensions growth like $n^k$ but any proper subvariety
grows like $n^t$ with $t\lt k$). These varieties are the building
blocks of general varieties of polynomial growth.
It turns out that for $k\le 4$ there are only a finite number of
varieties of polynomial growth $n^k$, but for each $k \gt 4$, the
number of minimal varieties is at least $|F|$, the cardinality of
the base field and we give a recipe of how to construct them.

Let $\mathcal{V}$ be a variety of associative algebras generated by
an algebra with $1$ over a field of characteristic zero. This
paper is devoted to the classification of the varieties
$\mathcal{V}$ which are minimal of polynomial growth (i.e., their
sequence of codimensions growth like $n^k$ but any proper subvariety
grows like $n^t$ with $t\lt k$). These varieties are the building
blocks of general varieties of polynomial growth.

It turns out that for $k\le 4$ there are only a finite number of
varieties of polynomial growth $n^k$, but for each $k \gt 4$, the
number of minimal varieties is at least $|F|$, the cardinality of
the base field and we give a recipe of how to construct them.

We prove that, in a setting of local Dirichlet forms on metric measure
spaces, a two-sided sub-Gaussian estimate of the heat kernel is equivalent
to the conjunction of the volume doubling propety, the elliptic Harnack
inequality and a certain estimate of the capacity between concentric balls.
The main technical tool is the equivalence between the capacity estimate and
the estimate of a mean exit time in a ball, that uses two-sided estimates of
a Green function in a ball.

We prove that, in a setting of local Dirichlet forms on metric measure
spaces, a two-sided sub-Gaussian estimate of the heat kernel is equivalent
to the conjunction of the volume doubling propety, the elliptic Harnack
inequality and a certain estimate of the capacity between concentric balls.
The main technical tool is the equivalence between the capacity estimate and
the estimate of a mean exit time in a ball, that uses two-sided estimates of
a Green function in a ball.

Let $F_{2n,2}$ be the free nilpotent Lie group of step two on $2n$
generators, and let $\mathbf P$ denote the affine automorphism group
of $F_{2n,2}$. In this article the theory of continuous wavelet
transform on $F_{2n,2}$ associated with $\mathbf P$ is developed,
and then a type of radial wavelets is constructed. Secondly, the
Radon transform on $F_{2n,2}$ is studied and two equivalent
characterizations of the range for Radon transform are given.
Several kinds of inversion Radon transform formulae
are established. One is obtained from the Euclidean Fourier transform, the others are from group Fourier transform. By using wavelet transform we deduce an inversion formula of the Radon
transform, which
does not require the smoothness of
functions if the wavelet satisfies the differentiability property.
Specially, if $n=1$, $F_{2,2}$ is the $3$-dimensional Heisenberg group $H^1$, the
inversion formula of the Radon transform is valid which is
associated with the sub-Laplacian on $F_{2,2}$. This result cannot
be extended to the case $n\geq 2$.

Let $F_{2n,2}$ be the free nilpotent Lie group of step two on $2n$
generators, and let $\mathbf P$ denote the affine automorphism group
of $F_{2n,2}$. In this article the theory of continuous wavelet
transform on $F_{2n,2}$ associated with $\mathbf P$ is developed,
and then a type of radial wavelets is constructed. Secondly, the
Radon transform on $F_{2n,2}$ is studied and two equivalent
characterizations of the range for Radon transform are given.
Several kinds of inversion Radon transform formulae
are established. One is obtained from the Euclidean Fourier transform, the others are from group Fourier transform. By using wavelet transform we deduce an inversion formula of the Radon
transform, which
does not require the smoothness of
functions if the wavelet satisfies the differentiability property.
Specially, if $n=1$, $F_{2,2}$ is the $3$-dimensional Heisenberg group $H^1$, the
inversion formula of the Radon transform is valid which is
associated with the sub-Laplacian on $F_{2,2}$. This result cannot
be extended to the case $n\geq 2$.