India is set to halt all crude imports from Iran because insurance companies in the country have said refineries processing the oil will no longer be covered due to Western sanctions, the head of refiner MRPL said on Friday.

India is Iran’s second-largest buyer, taking around a quarter of its oil exports worth around $1-billion a month.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton walks with chief of India's ruling Congress party Sonia Gandhi (R) for a meeting in New Delhi May 7, 2012. Clinton leaned harder on India on Monday to deepen cuts of Iranian oil imports, saying Washington may not make a decision on whether to exempt New Delhi from financial sanctions for another two months.
Adnan Abidi/Reuters

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“If cover is not available then all Indian refiners will have to halt imports from Iran or else they will have to take a huge risk,” P.P. Upadhya, managing director of Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd., said in a telephone interview.

MRPL is India’s biggest buyer of Iran crude. “Insurance companies said if I buy Iranian crude my refinery’s insurance cover will be cancelled … If we don’t get insurance for the refinery then we will stop buying Iranian crude,” Mr. Upadhya said.

Europe and the United States last year introduced tough sanctions aimed at Iran’s oil trade to force Tehran to the negotiating table over its nuclear program.

European industry sources say Indian insurers have been affected as reinsurers in both Europe and the U.S., who dominate the global market, are increasingly wary of the risk of breaching sanctions.

“Insurers and reinsurers are very anxious to ensure they don’t overstep the line on sanctions. These are still relatively grey areas, but fairly standard clauses have been put into contracts which say, ‘We don’t have any legal obligation to pay anything that might be in breach of sanctions,’” said Clive O’Connell, London-based partner at law firm Goldberg Segalla.

“If you are an Indian insurance company and you buy reinsurance from a company that has operations in the U.S. or Europe, and that reinsurer imposes a sanctions-compliant clause on you, you’re going to be very careful about the cover that you give,” Mr. O’Connell, an insurance expert, told Reuters.

Oil is Iran’s biggest income generator, therefore a halt in sales to India would be a heavy blow for Tehran. Sanctions more than halved its crude exports in 2012.

“Sanctions apply to any Iranian aspect of crude oil and such risks are therefore unacceptable to anyone trading in dollars or subject to EU jurisdiction,” said Neil Roberts, a senior executive at the Lloyd’s Market Association, which represents underwriters operating in Lloyd’s of London insurance market.

“The only people who might consider this (type of reinsurance) would be outside the dollar sphere and outside the EU,” he said. “This is a non-starter for the London market.”

In a letter in January seen by Reuters, the General Insurance Corp. of India, the national reinsurer, told the General Insurance Council, an industry group, it had “dawned” on insurers that cover and losses on processing the crude would not be payable by reinsurers due to existing sanctions.

A source at another refiner that buys Iranian crude, Hindustan Petroleum Corp. (HPCL), also said imports were threatened by the insurance problems.

“Iran imports will be stopped soon,” the HPCL source told Reuters. “As far as insurance is concerned, we are all sailing in the same boat.”

HPCL is Iran’s third-biggest Indian buyer and warned last month that insurers may withdraw cover because of sanctions.

MRPL’s Mr. Upadhya declined to say how soon the company would have to stop Iranian imports. But MRPL has issued tenders to buy three cargoes of 650,000 barrels of crude to load in April, according to documents seen by Reuters. Two of the cargoes are high sulphur and could be used to replace Iranian oil.

“There is a problem on the insurance front for Iran oil,” Mr. Upadhya said when asked about the tenders.

In January, India imported more than 286,000 barrels per day (bpd) of Iran’s around 1.1 million bpd total exports.

This is the first time that insurance problems have had a direct impact on refineries processing Iranian crude.

The lack of insurance cover dates back to April 2012, Mr. Upadhya said, but was clarified by insurers only in February this year.

“Refineries processing Iranian crude would be severely hit,” MRPL told India’s oil secretary in a letter dated Feb. 27 and seen by Reuters. There would be no cover for claims if the plant was processing Iranian crude, MRPL said.

An Indian government source said last month that New Delhi would find a way to ensure refineries have cover but gave no details.

Insurers rely on European reinsurance markets to hedge their risk. EU sanctions have blocked European maritime reinsurers from any involvement in insuring shipments of Iranian oil.

That forced a temporary halt in mid-2012 to imports by two of Iran’s other top Asian buyers, Japan and South Korea.

India’s government stepped in to provide emergency insurance but it was a fraction of the $1-billion liability coverage that a supertanker would typically need and has rarely been used.

India’s refiners have already slashed imports from Iran as they joined other major Asian buyers in reducing purchases to secure waivers from the sanctions.

MRPL had already expected to cut nearly 40 per cent or its Iranian imports in the fiscal year ending March 31.

In the first 10 months of the current fiscal year, India reduced Iran crude imports by nearly 22 per cent on the year, data from trade sources shows.

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