28 July 2017

The first draft of the new English translation is now ready. Below I will create a list of key words and names, some of which will be left (almost or in most cases) unchanged, others are interpretations of the original word that need some extra explanation. A list of personal, tribal and geographical names will also be made.

This glossary will grow and evolve in time, until it is published in the coming book. It will also be put in alphabetical order.

Listed first is the word, name or term as it will appear in the translation, then the most common transliteration and eventual spelling varieties.

Frya ~ FRYA (sometimes FRÍA or FRIA)

Name of the (possibly in part) historic, and/or (at least in part) mythic primal Mother of the people that called themselves Fryas, Frya's Folk or Frya's Children (sometimes: Frya's Sons). Although in the original text FRYAS (with -S) is also used for singular (an individual of the tribe), I will also translate this as Frya for clarity. In those cases it is always clear that it does not refer to the primal Mother. The meaning of the adjective fry(a) is "free". As a noun it means "free one" (as opposed to slave).
Key fragments: [6/12-32], [9/18 - 14/7].

Fryas ~ (see: Frya)

Members of the people that considered themselves to be Children of Frya or free ones. Their homeland was Fryasland, but they could also be living in colonies elsewhere. (... will add more)

Wralda ~ WR.ALDA (less frequently WRALDA and once VR.ALDA)

Literal meaning "over-old one" or "most-ancient one". Some people would interpret this as God, others as Logos. The various texts sometimes contradict each other as to how Wralda is to be interpreted. It is also remarkable that the primal doctrines about it were not included in the initial Book of Adela-Followers, contrary to Adela's instructions. This might indicate that the 'theology' had become controversial in Adela's time. Sometimes the word means "world", its modern cognate. Often the word GÁST is added, which can be interpreted both as "Spirit" or "Ghost" (the latter being my choice in the translation): Wralda's Ghost.
Key fragments: [6/12-32], [11/18 - 12/12], [45/03-12], [98/03 - 103/23].

Yol ~ JOL

The sacred six-spoke wheel or Wheel of Time, which was a symbol of Wralda and the basis for the letters and numbers. In combinations with -FÉRSTE, -TID and -DÉI it refers to the annual celebration, now Yule (Dutch/ German: Joel/ Jul). I have spelled it with Y instead of J to better represent the probable pronunciation and make the connection to Yule more obvious. (Also see: Carrier.)
Key fragments: [6/12-19], [45/1 - 47/2], [83/22 - 84/24].

Burg ~ BURCH (sometimes BURGH), plural BURGUM or BURGA

This can also be read as burgh or borough. Some people would rather translate it as "citadel". It is used in combinations, for example with -FÁM (maiden), -WAL (wall or rampart), -WÉPNE (weapons) and in names of specific cities or citadels (Fryasburg, Treasureburg, etc.). Most burgs would have had a tower, on the walls of which laws and histories were written.
Key fragments: [5/8-28], [15/1 - 19/6], [106/10 - 108/32].

Tex ~ TEX

This mostly refers to Frya's Tex (set of primal laws), after which the often mentioned Texland appears to have been named, but the mythic Finda is also said to have left one.
Key fragment: [10/31 - 14/7], [45/13-14].

Steersmen/ -man ~ STJURAR, STJÛRAR (sometimes STJURA)

This can also be read as "navigators", although the term seems to also have been used for sailors in general. In the original text there is no difference between plural and singular (the latter occurring only twice). The Steersmen seem to have been a somewhat separate people, as they are often said to use different words or pronunciations.
Key fragment: [27/12 - 27/9].

Folk ~ FOLK, plural FOLKAR, FOLKA, FOLKUM, FOLKRA or FOLKRUM

Can also be read as Volk, people, nation or race. Often: Frya's Folk (whites), Finda's Folk (yellow or mongrel) and Lyda's Folk (blacks). Also used in combination with Mother: Folk Mother.

Earth ~ JRTHA

This word is often personified (female) and sometimes refers to ore or soil. If Earth in the sense of our planet is meant, the word may have rather associated with the land only, that is: not including seas and oceans. This is not clear, however.
Key fragments: [6/12-32], [49/11 - 50/13], [115/11 - 116/32], [189/15-26].

Sacred Fire ~ FODDIK (plur. -A or -UM)

Could also be read as Flame, Light or Lamp. It had to be kept burning and new ones had to be lit from the original one at Texland. A probable modern cognate is "photo", which originally means "light".
Key fragments: [13/30 - 14/7], [15/2-18], [75/18-23].

Carrier ~ KRODER (once: KRODAR)

Personification of time: the Carrier and his Yol (or: Wheel of Time). The modern Dutch word is "kruier"; someone who operates a wheelbarrow. Related are Krodo from the Saxon Chronicle and Chronos from Greek mythology. (See also: Yol.)
Key fragments: [14/10-11], [35/32 - 36/1], [45/9-12], [71/26-28].

Mother ~ MODER (sometimes MODAR; plur. -A or -UM)

This word is mostly used as an honorary title for the elected Folk Mother or 'mother of the people', but in some cases also for a regular mother. The Mother was chosen from the various Burg Maidens and resided at Texland in Fryasburg. The election of Mothers sometimes caused much discord as the aspiring Burg Maidens could be overly ambitious and jealous. (Also see: Burg, Maiden.)
Key fragments: [13/31 - 14/2], [15/1 - 19/7], [23/7 - 24/4], [82/19 - 85/7], [87/24 - 88/17], [91/14 - 92/29], [117/20 - 118/22], [191/17-27].

Maiden ~ FÁM (plur. FÁMNA; diminutive FÁMKE; sometimes FAM-)

Most burgs had one leading Burg Maiden (BURCH.FÁM, sometimes also called Mother or simply Maiden) and up to 21 regular Maidens (FÁMNA), as well as 7 young apprentices or students (LÉR.FAMKES or SPILLE MANGÉRTA). The Maidens role was to teach, give advice, take care of the ill, and watch over the Sacred Fire. (Also see: Burg, Mother, Sacred Fire.)
Key fragments: [15/8 - 19/6], [62/8 - 63/1], [103/27 - 106/9], [108/7-32], [151/31 - 153/13].

Reeve ~ GRÉVETMAN (sometimes GRÉVA or GRÉVE)

Sometimes GRÉVETMAN and GRÉVA are used as different titles, but sometimes the latter is used to mean the first. Also: VRSTE GRÉVE (supreme reeve). Can also be read as count or earl; the chosen male head of a region or district. Note: GRÉVA sometimes has a different meaning: plural noun "graves" or adjective "grey" (i.e. old man or veteran).
Key fragments: [5/8-28], [20/24], [23/10-17], [27/1], [87/20], [143/8], [144/19], [150/14-16].

King ~ KÉNING, KÀNING or KENING (only twice: KING; plural -GAR)

For the Fryas this was a chosen leader of an army or fleet. In foreign cultures it more had the meaning similar to that of our middle ages (inherited and ruling over the people). Some kings that are explicitly named: Wodin, Ûlysus, Wichhirte, Alexandre, Áskar.
Used in combinations SÉ-, WÉT-, WIT- (Sea-); KÉNINGK.RIK (noun: kingdom), KÉNINGLIK(-E/-A) (adjective: royal). Sometimes synonymous with Army Leader (HÉR.MAN).
Key fragments: [21/15 - 25/2], [152/8-25], [191/1-16].

This word can also be read as "marines". It is sometimes used in a more neutral, less warlike context, sometimes for what we would call "pirates". Three fragments suggest that a group of Danish sea people took this word as their tribal name (related to Sicambri?).
Key fragments: [15/27-30], [48/27-29], [53/21-30], [131/20-23], [202/6-7].

Modern cognates Du/Ge: vorst/ Fürst. Literal meaning is first or foremost, which is similar to the original meaning of prince or principal (from Latin primus: first).
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

Priests ~ PRESTERA, sometimes PRESTERUM or PRESTRUM

Often used in combination with FORSTA, mostly in a very negative sense. Singular PRESTER is only used twice and female PRESTERESSE once. HÁVED.PRESTER: 'head'- or high priest.
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/]

Rede ~ RÉD (noun, derived from verb RÉDA)

Can also be read as the more common but Latin-based 'advice' or 'counsel'. However, the archaic, more native 'rede' deserves a revival. Du/Ge: raad/ Rat. The verb 'read' is a modern cognate. (see here)
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

Allies ~ ÁTHA, ÁTHUM (ÁTHSKIP: alliance)

Singular ÁTHE does not always translate well as ally, but rather as comrade. Name Athena/ Athens would be derived from this word.
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

Mercenaries ~ SALT.ATH(-A/-UM)

Literally 'salt-allies'; allies paid with salt, in contrast to voluntary allies or WÉRAR: defenders of their own land or people. Modern cognate soldier (Du/Ge: soldaat/ Soldat) does not fit well as translation, since this could also be interpreted as defender. (Also see: Allies, Defenders.)
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

Defenders ~ WÉRAR (from much used verb WÉRA: to defend)

Also used in combination BURCH- and LAND-. This was something honorable, in contrast to SALT.ÁTHA (see: Mercenaries).
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

Often used in combination with FOLK or FOLKA(R): slave people(s). Sometimes this word literally means 'slaves', but often it refers to people who were not 'Fryas', in other words unfree people. It is not likely that Slavic peoples were meant, but it is possible that this the name of this race was derived from this word and habit of referring to them. This would be opposite of the ruling notion; that the word 'slave' is derived from the name of these people.
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [140/25-26].

Since STÁK is used elsewhere once for stake/ stalk/ stock (*), and words related to Dutch 'steken' (stick/ sting/ stab/ poke) are always spelled differently (**), I suggest that a better translation of STÁKBÉJA would be stalkberries. A German-dialect version of this word - Stengelbeere - is known to be used for raspberries:

18 July 2017

The Oera Linda-book (first published in Dutch translation by Dr. J.G. Ottema in 1872) contains a narrative about a Jes-us or Yes-us from Kashmir:

who would have lived ca. 600 BCE,

who would also have been known as Buda, Kris-en and Fo,

who would have been a wise teacher that was deified after his death.

The narrative suggests that Yes-us was one of the names of Buddha, which raises the question if Jesus of Nazareth (whether historic of mythic) might have been named after this earlier Yes-us. [I wrote this before I studied the works of Joseph Atwill, which I highly recommend.]

Note: Although I have transliterated the name as JES.US, I prefer spelling in English as Yes-us, since the J in Dutch and German is pronounced as English Y, not as J (dj). Compare English: "Yule" vs. Dutch/ German: "Jul"/ "Joel". Ottema translated the name as Jessos, which was copied in the English translation by Sandbach (1876).

If
Yes-us (whatever spelling) was indeed one of many names of Buddha
(which is not impossible), one can imagine why both Christian and
Buddhist authorities would have hidden or destroyed sources about it.

~ ~ ~

As promised to another researcher, I will present my preliminary (not yet proofread by my editors!) new translation of the concerning fragment below, once in full and once with line or verse numbers, then the transliteration which is numbered likewise for comparison, and finally the pages of the manuscript with added line numbers.

Jes.us, Jessos, Jess
With the expulsion of Buddhism from Kashmir and its dispersion to the east, the name Jess seems to have disappeared and been replaced in the legend by Gautama and Sakyamuni. The influence of Buddha's teaching, however, seems to have spread westwards too, with the Fire-worshippers of Aria, the Persians and those in Azerbaijan, the latter having kept the memory of Buddha's first name in their name Yezidis. Likewise with the Slavic peoples, among which the Old-Polish mythology uses the name Jess for the supreme godhead as well as for the greatest of planets, Jupiter.Fo is the common Chinese name for Buddha.Krisen: In India, Buddha is regarded to be the ninth Avatar (incarnation) of Vishnu and a continuation of the Avatar of Krishna, which would make Buddha the reborn Krishna.

Volney (1757-1820)

C. F. Volney (1791, translated 1802 from French) "The Ruines; Or, Meditation on the Revolutions of Empires and the Law of Nature"

(...) so that the existence of Jesus is no better proved than that of Osiris and Hercules, or that of Fot or Beddou, with whom (...) the Chinese continually confound him, for they never call Jesus by any other name than Fot.
(...)
Christianity, or the Allegorical Worship of the Sun, under the cabalistical names of Chrish-en, or Christ, and Ye-sus or Jesus.
(...)
"Finally, these traditions went so far as to mention even his astrological and mythological names, and inform us that he was called sometimes Chris, that is to say, preserver, and from that, ye Indians, you have made your god Chrish-en or Chrish-na; and, ye Greek and Western Christians, your Chris-tos, son of Mary, is the same; sometimes he is called Yes, by the union of three letters, which by their numerical value form the number 608, one of the solar periods. And this, Europeans, is the name which, with the Latin termination, is become your Yes-us or Jesus, the ancient and cabalistic name attributed to young Bacchus, the clandestine son (nocturnal) of the Virgin Minerva, who, in the history of his whole life, and even of his death, brings to mind the history of the god of the Christians, that is, of the star of day, of which they are each of them the emblems."

Provisional new translation of page [136/08] to [141/21] (not proofread by my editors yet!). Page numbers of original between [x], pages numbers of Sandbach translation between (x). For version with line or verse numbers, see below.

It was sixteen hundred years ago that Atland had sunk (ca. 600 BCE), when something happened that no one had expected.

In
the heart of Finda's Land, in the mountains, lies a plain called
Kasamir, which means 'rare'. A child was born there; his mother was the
daughter of a king, and his father was a high priest. To avoid shame,
they had to deny their own blood. He was thus taken out of town, to poor
people. Meanwhile, it was not concealed to him. Therefore he did
anything to find and collect wisdom. His comprehension was so great,
that he understood all he saw and heard. The folk regarded him with
respect, and the priests got scared of his questions. When he became of
age, he went to his parents. They had to hear hard words. To get rid of
him, they gave him plenty of valuable stones, but they still dared not
openly acknowledge him [137] as their own blood.

Overwhelmed by
sadness over the false shame of his parents, he went wandering about. On
his travels, he met a Fryan Steersman who had been enslaved; from him
he learned about our morals and traditions. He bought his freedom and
they remained friends till death. Everywhere he went, he taught the
people that they should not accept rich men or priests, and that they
must take heed against false shame, which inevitably harms love. Earth,
he said, grants her gifts to those who scratch her skin; he must dig,
plough and sow in it, who wishes to shear of it. However, he said, no
one has to do this for another, unless it happens at common will or with
love.

He taught that no one should grub in her bowels for gold,
silver or precious stones, to which envy sticks and from which love
flees. To adorn your girls and women, he said, her rivers deliver
enough. No one, he said, is able to give everyone equal wealth and
happiness, but it is everyone's duty to make the people as equally
wealthy [138] and to give them as much contentment as possible. No
wisdom, he said, should be undervalued, but equal sharing is the
greatest wisdom that time can teach us, because it wards off irritation
from Earth, and it feeds love. His first name was Yes-us, but the
priests who severely hated him, called him Fo, that is, fault. The folk
called him Kris-en, that is, herdsman, and his Fryan friend called him
Buda, that is, pouch, because he had in his head a treasure of wisdom,
and in his heart a treasure of love.

In the end he had to escape
the revenge of the priests, but everywhere he arrived his teaching had
preceded him, and everywhere he went his enemies followed him like his
shadow. When Yes-us had travelled like this for twelve years, he died,
but his friends maintained his teaching, and proclaimed where it found
ears. So, what do you think the priests did? That I must tell you, and
you must give it serious consideration. Moreover, you must be vigilant
against their trade and tricks, with all forces that Wralda has provided
you.

While Yes-us' teaching fared over Earth, the false priests
went to the land of his birth to announce his death. They said they
[139] were of his friends and pretended great mourning, rending their
clothes to rags and shaving their heads. They went to live in mountain
caves, but they also stored their treasures and made images of Yes-us in
there. They gave these images to the unsuspecting people, and in the
end they said that Yes-us was a god; that he himself had revealed so to
them, and that all who would believe in him and his teaching would enter
his kingdom hereafter, where there is joy and pleasures.

Because
they knew that Yes-us had been in arms against the rich, they preached
everywhere that poverty and simplicity are the gateway into his kingdom;
that those who have suffered the most here on Earth, would hereafter
enjoy the greatest pleasures. While they knew that Yes-us had taught
that one should control and direct his passions, they preached that one
should kill all his passions, and that the perfection of mankind
consisted in becoming as emotionless as cold stone. In order to pretend
that they did so themselves, they feigned [140] poverty in the streets,
and to prove furthermore that they had killed all their passions, they
took no wives. However, when a daughter had transgressed, she was
quickly forgiven.The weak, they said, must be helped, and in order to
save his own soul, one must offer the temple generously. In this
manner, they had wife and children without household, and they grew rich
without working, but the folk grew much poorer and more miserable than
before.

This religion, which requires the priests to possess
no other skills than eloquence, hypocrisy and foul play, expands from
east to west, and will also reach our lands. When the priests will
imagine, however, that they have entirely extinguished the light of Frya
and of Yes-us' teaching, people will rise in all regions, who have
silently treasured truth among each other, hiding it from the priests.
They will be of royal blood, of priestly blood, of slaves' blood and of
Frya's blood. They will bring their sacred fires and the Light in the
open, so that everyone may see Truth. They will condemn the deeds of the
priests and princes. [141] The princes who love truth and justice will
separate themselves from the priests. Blood will flow, but from it the
folk will gather new strength.

Finda's folk will apply its
inventiveness for the common good, Lyda's folk its strength, and we our
wisdom. Then the false priests will be erased from Earth. Wralda's
spirit will be honoured and invoked everywhere and in every way. Only
the laws that Wralda initially laid in our souls will be adhered to.
There will be no other masters, princes or bosses than those who were
elected by common will. Then Frya will rejoice and Earth will only grant
her gifts to the working people. All this will begin four thousand
years after Atland sank, and one thousand years later, there will no
longer be priests nor domination on Earth.

~ ~ ~

Again the provisional new translation (not proofread by my editors yet!), with line numbers, for comparison with original text; see transliteration below:

[136]08 It was sixteen hundred years ago that Atland had sunk (ca. 600 BCE),09 when something happened that no one had expected.11 In the heart of Finda's Land, in the mountains, lies a plain12 called Kasamir, which means 'rare'. 14 A child was born there;-- his mother was the daughter of a king, and his father was a high priest.16 To avoid shame, they had to deny their own blood.18 He was thus taken out of town, to poor people.20 Meanwhile, it was not concealed to him.21 Therefore he did anything to find and collect wisdom.23 His comprehension was so great, that he understood all he saw and heard.25 The folk regarded him with respect,26 and the priests got scared of his questions.27 When he became of age, he went to his parents.28 They had to hear hard words.29 To get rid of him, they gave him plenty of valuable stones,31 but they still dared not openly acknowledge him[137]-- as their own blood.01 Overwhelmed by sadness over the false shame of his parents, he went wandering about.03 On his travels, he met a Fryan Steersman who had been enslaved;05 from him he learned about our morals and traditions.06 He bought his freedom and they remained friends till death.08 Everywhere he went, he taught the people09 that they should not accept rich men or priests,11 and that they must take heed against false shame,12 which inevitably harms love.13 Earth, he said, grants her gifts to those who scratch her skin;15 he must dig, plough17 and sow in it, who wishes to shear of it.18 However, he said, no one has to do this for another,20 unless it happens at common will or with love.21 He taught that no one should grub in her bowels23 for gold, silver or precious stones,24 to which envy sticks and from which love flees.26 To adorn your girls and women, he said,27 her rivers deliver enough.28 No one, he said, is able to give everyone equal wealth and happiness,30 but it is everyone's duty31 to make the people as equally wealthy[138]01 and to give them as much contentment as possible.02 No wisdom, he said, should be undervalued,03 but equal sharing is the greatest wisdom that time can teach us,05 because it wards off irritation from Earth, and it feeds love.07 His first name was Yes-us,08 but the priests who severely hated him, called him Fo, that is, fault.10 The folk called him Kris-en, that is, herdsman,11 and his Fryan friend called him Buda, that is, pouch,12 because he had in his head a treasure of wisdom,14 and in his heart a treasure of love.15 In the end he had to escape the revenge of the priests,16 but everywhere he arrived his teaching had preceded him,18 and everywhere he went his enemies followed him like his shadow.20 When Yes-us had travelled like this for twelve years, he died,22 but his friends maintained his teaching, and proclaimed where it found ears.24 So, what do you think the priests did?25 That I must tell you, and you must give it serious consideration.26 Moreover, you must be vigilant against their trade and tricks,28 with all forces that Wralda has provided you.

29 While Yes-us' teaching fared over Earth,30 the false priests went to the land of his birth to announce his death.32 They said they [139]-- were of his friends01 and pretended great mourning,02 rending their clothes to rags and shaving their heads.04 They went to live in mountain caves,05 but they also stored their treasures 06 and made images of Yes-us in there.07 They gave these images to the unsuspecting people,08 and in the end they said that Yes-us was a god;10 that he himself had revealed so to them,11 and that all who would believe in him and his teaching13 would enter his kingdom hereafter,14 where there is joy and pleasures.15 Because they knew that Yes-us had been in arms against the rich,16 they preached everywhere that poverty and simplicity18 are the gateway into his kingdom;20 that those who have suffered the most here on Earth,21 would hereafter enjoy the greatest pleasures.22 While they knew that Yes-us had taught24 that one should control and direct his passions,25 they preached that one should kill all his passions,27 and that the perfection of mankind consisted29 in becoming as emotionless as cold stone.30 In order to pretend31 that they did so themselves, they feigned[140]-- poverty in the streets,01 and to prove furthermore that they had killed all their passions,02 they took no wives.-- However, when a daughter had transgressed,05 she was quickly forgiven.-- The weak, they said, must be helped,06 and in order to save his own soul, one must offer the temple generously.08 In this manner, they had wife and children without household,10 and they grew rich without working,11 but the folk grew much poorer and more miserable than before.13 This religion, which requires the priests to possess no other skills14 than eloquence, hypocrisy and foul play,16 expands from east to west,17 and will also reach our lands.18 When the priests will imagine, however,19 that they have entirely extinguished the light of Frya and of Yes-us' teaching,21 people will rise in all regions,22 who have silently treasured truth among each other,24 hiding it from the priests.25 They will be of royal blood, of priestly blood,26 of slaves' blood and of Frya's blood.28 They will bring their sacred fires and the Light in the open,29 so that everyone may see Truth.31 They will condemn the deeds of the priests and princes.[141]01 The princes who love truth and justice 02 will separate themselves from the priests.03 Blood will flow, but from it the folk will gather new strength.04 Finda's folk will apply its inventiveness for the common good,06 Lyda's folk its strength, and we our wisdom.07 Then the false priests will be erased from Earth.09 Wralda's spirit will be honoured and invoked everywhere and in every way.11 Only the laws that Wralda initially laid in our souls will be adhered to.13 There will be no other masters, princes or bosses15 than those who were elected by common will.16 Then Frya will rejoice17 and Earth will only grant her gifts to the working people.19 All this will begin four thousand years after Atland sank,21 and one thousand years later, there will no longer be priests nor domination on Earth.

~ ~ ~

Transliteration with numbers that indicate on what line the verse starts. For full transliteration and introduction to it, see PDF:

~ ~ ~

Original manuscript pages with line numbers. For full manuscript and introduction to it, see PDF:

Sandbach 1876 English:To the west of the Punjab are the Yren (Iraniers), or morose (Drangianen), the Gedrosten (Gedrosiers), or runaways, and the Urgetten*, or forgotten.
(*Sandbach did not take Ottema's correction into account)

15 July 2017

Three years ago, I read the Chronicles of Eri, part 1 and part2, and referred to them a few times on the forum, as summarised here and here (use control-F). For future use, either by me or other researchers, the notes that I made are posted below.

title pages of part 1

Chronicles of Eri - some notes at first reading.

PART 1:

xxxii - Cecrops from Egypt -> Attica

xxxiv - Priestcraft!!! 2nd paragraph

xxxvii - Adele (Greek) - obscure, uncertain

xl - Ion, general of the Athenian forces --- quote Jopsephus!!!

xliii - Ellen (Hellenja) and Jon / Thessaly, Pelasgi

xlvii - Israel slaves

The first people in the register of time who confederated, arms in their hands, premeditated evil in their hearts, to molest a kindred people, were the children of Israel; but they had been 215 years in bondage in a strange land, and slavery vitiates the soul, corrupts the mind, and changes as it were the essential qualities of man; they had for a long season felt themselves deserted, and forgotten by the world, save their taskmasters, in whose practices towards them they only recognized the ways of man.

Fryas = Cimmerii and Celtae - Cimbri, Germanni
"why so many nations and countries had quite other names amongst their neighbours, than what was usually known amongst themselves"

131 - Vesta and Fire Service

143 - Part XII Language

cl - Word root Magy - mag

152 - Ur-o-maz or Ur-a-mas persian primal god - fire how excellent

clxxxviii - Begin of word list

Here also: Giola (GOLA?) - messenger, servant (greek: aggelos)

Bbachal - staf (bacchus?)
Kai - et - ocas (and) --- ogsa, also

225 - reacht - rectum (right, law) --- rjucht

229 - Phoenicia, palmland

239 - Venus, fen - woman (finda?)

259 - Language cimbri, germani

260 - Tudesque - thjudisk

367 - Argyle - Ardgael - highlands of the Gaal, which were the Sciot (Skythen)

349 - (Conclusion) ... Gaal Sciot Ib-eir, who emigrated from Iber, by the way of Sidon and the Mediterranean to the north western quarter of Spain, to which they gave the name of Gaelag, where having abided for the space of 120 years, Eolus the then chief journeyed to Sidon, where he learned the use of letters, whither he shortly afterwards sent nine of the wisest of the people to be instructed in that science.

Idem: I shall make a few observations that will produce the effect of putting to silence for ever more the senseless political fictions of Sasson scribblers, by their oligarchy, ...

357 - Sassons, language
"And that the language of Eri, or Gneat Bearla, is that spoken by the Scytho-Iberian, Naol-Maid-eis, Ogeageis, improved to the Bearla Fcine, or Phcenician language, by the aid of letters, a dialect of the Persian, Hebrew, Greek, Roman, and Gothic, as written in Gaelag 1365 years before Christ, ..." etc

360 - "If I have..." and "Have I shewn..."

361 - "... the migrations of this tribe from Magh-Seanar, by Euphrates, to the Araxes, and Iberia in Magh-Og, from thence to Gaelag, by the way of Sidon and the Mediterranean, and ultimately to this Eri."

36 - (434) "... instruct the Gaal to beware of the devices of the children of Feine, they are covetous, they are deceitful, with their lips they give honour to Baal, in works they have respect for riches only." => FINDA

14 (20) - Different mentality: "Er taketh delight in the lessons of wisdom, he chargeth the Olam to nourish the fire of the spirit of the youth, that he and his race may rule over men."

23 - IOLAR means eagle

24 - "Shun Casantir eider, go not to the land of metals. The children of Feine have fair words on their lips, their hearts are treacherous, the fire of their spirit burneth too fiercely ; is it not continually fanned by the breath of avarice ?"

31 - <<In these days came a ship, with men of Feine, with letters, saying, "Let my servants search through thy land for metals of precious things, if any such are to be found therein, and ye shall have one twentieth part, and my servants will pay for whatever they have from thee. Let there be a covenant between thee and me." ... deceit is in the heart, falsehood is in the tongue of Feine.>>
+ important part about priests and statues Baal, Sul, Re!!!

81 - "When the children of Feine thought to throw chains of slavery over them, did not our fathers escape from them?"

98 - Erimionn: about priests and princes/ kings, very interesting

100 - The 5 new laws (some cancelled)

105 - "Sons of Golam"

106 - New laws

107 - "Shall one have spoken falsely of another, let the false one suffer in the like manner as he designed against the other, and let the like be observed in all cases for ever."

119 - "Race of Golam"

124 - "And the Gaal do complain that the priests terrify their minds with evil spirits of the air, over which Baal hath given dominion unto them:
Therefore the Carneac move not without an offering,
But of these things no words are spoken aloud, only from the mouth of one to the ear of another, for fear is on the minds of the Gaal because of the priests." ???KERENAK??? Carneac

Difference style:
Baal enters his house ...
and it was so

146 - "Saorlam rose, and he did speak of the glory of his race, and how the Danan were borne on the waves of the sea, the old world before the world that is, felt the heat of the sun." => Reference ALDLAND???

161-162 - Interesting piece - mind control

202 - Again year count 7th century BCE; so very much in 8th, 7th century BCE

[158/10] - [163/09] Gosa's rede about the importance of upholding the old ways and language (she particularly fears decay resulting from the great re-migration: returning Helléna-followers), and how Adel & Ifkja started schools and continued re-uniting the nations.

The returnees or re-migrants were referred to (by Fréthorik) as BROKMANNA [131/29] and distinguished three sub-groups: GÉRTMANNA [132/01] from the Punjab, THÉR FONA KRÉKALÁNDA [132/06] or 'those from Greece', and JÔNJAR [132/19] or Ionians.

Gosa [161/20] spoke of WITHER KVMANDE HEL.LÉNA FOLGAR ~ returning Helléna-followers. (This can include the Gértmen and the Ionians, since they were branches of the followers of Minerva, a.k.a. Hellénia.)

In the following fragment, they are referred to as foreigners (UTHÉMAR), but when this is literally translated as such (as has always been done so far), it may be unclear who are ment. I believe this remigration is one of the most significant topics of the OLB, and therefore suggest to avoid confusion, by using the interpretation as 'returnees' or 'remigrants', rather than the literal translation 'foreigners' here.

suche / zoek / soek / sök / søk / søg / seek/ sykje

F R Y A ~ S K É D N I S E

the early speech of our fore-fathers

"The pure Friesic and easy wording of the Oera Linda Book must be most welcome to students of English and Saxon, as a widening of the now too narrow ground of the early speech of our fore-fathers." Wm. Barnes. Macmillan's Magazine,April 1877, p. 465.

Video Studies

Cornelis Over de Linden (1811-1874) Den Helder

Eelco Verwijs (1830-1880)

first scholar who studied the manuscript and confirmed its authenticity (1867) - later he withdrew this conclusion, probably to save his career

Jan Ottema (1804-1879) Leeuwarden

first translator and publisher of the 'Oera Linda Bok' (1872 & 1876)

the oldest production of European literature

"We may thus accept that we possess in this manuscript, of which the first part was composed in the sixth century before our era, the oldest production, after Homer and Hesiod, of European literature. And here we find in our fatherland a very ancient people in possession of development, civilisation, industry, navigation, commerce, literature, and pure elevated ideas of religion, whose existence we had never even conjectured."Dr. J.G. Ottema, 1871 (translation Sandbach)