Risk Factors for Macular Degeneration

A risk factor is something that increases your likelihood of getting a disease or condition.

It is possible to develop macular degeneration with or without the risk factors listed below. However, the more risk factors you have, the greater your likelihood of developing macular degeneration. If you have a number of risk factors, ask your doctor what you can do to reduce your risk.

Adult macular degeneration is more common in people over 50, and the risk increases with advancing age.

Adult macular degeneration is more common in women.

According to the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, adult macular degeneration is more common in people who are Caucasian.

Genetic factors appear to be very common in early-onset types of macular degeneration. Specific genetic causes for adult macular degeneration have not been identified. However, a positive family history may increase risk.

According to the National Registry of Drug-Induced Ocular Side Effects, taking certain drugs may increase your risk of developing adult macular degeneration. If you are taking any of these drugs, talk with your doctor about your risk of macular degeneration.

These drugs include:

Acetazolamide

Aluminum nicotinate

Broxyquinoline

Dichlorphenamide

Epinephrine

Ethoxzolamide

Griseofulvin

Iodide and iodine solutions and compounds

Iodochlorhydroxyquin

Iodoquinol

Iothalamate meglumine and/or sodium

Iothalamic acid

Methazolamide

Niacin

Niacinamide

Nicotinyl alcohol

The following drugs may be linked to adult macular degeneration, but there is no conclusive evidence at this time:

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.