Project
This is a project to create a three dimensional land form and a map of the area.
Instructions are given to create Pangea, the New Jerusalem, Mars and the Moon.
However, you can create any real or imaginary land form that you choose.

Basic Project

Map 1: The New Jerusalem

Materials and Equipment

 Create a land form with these features.
Add other features for extra credit and create a map key for them.

Main Features :

MountainVolcano

Sea

Desert

Plain

Lake

Island

Valley

River

 Give all your land features a name.

 Create a map with a map key, compass rose and scale. Attach it to the lid of the box.

Paint. Buy the correct color paint or use food coloring in the dough.
 Blue, for rivers and sea
 Brown, for top of mountains
 Green, for land
 White, if you want snow capped mountains
 Red for lava. Also use red seed beads or red glitter glue.
 Mars: Copper for land
 Moon: Grey for land

Other Supplies.
 Pizza box, or box of similar size.
 Card board base, slightly smaller than the bottom of the box.
 Paper cup to mix sand and glue.

Additional Information

 Metric Conversion. 1 inch = 2.54 cm

We created a Powerpoint file to help with your project.
It has labels for many land features, a compass rose, map key, trees, ship and a space ship.

Maps

New Jerusalem. The new earth that will be created.

Pangea and the continents. Pangea when it first broke up.

Moon.

Mars. The red planet.

New Pangea. New Jerusalem and Pangea combined. Both have the same features.

People:
 Show the dispersion route after the flood.
 Show the 12 tribes of the New Jerusalem.

This is a map of Pangea, at the point the continents broke up, but before they separated.

It is now easy to see how the descendants of Noah spread throughout the world.
Trace the spread of the different cultures from Pangea to the continents.

Pangea has the same physical features as the New Jerusalem. There are mountains in the north and south, a plain in the middle and the sea in the east and west.
Therefore, the new earth will be made to look like the old earth.

(Map 1).
Label all the features and the location of the New Jerusalem.

Far Side Features:
The largest known crater in the solar system is the Aitken basin near the south pole on the far side of the moon.
It is 2,240 km wide, and 13 km deep. The far side of the moon is not visible from earth and it has few "marias" (seas).

International Missions.
January 2, 1959. Luna 1 was the first space ship to reach the moon.
September 14, 1959. Luna 2 crashed on the moon and became the first object from earth to reach the moon.
July 20, 1969. Apollo 11 landed in the Sea of Tranquility. Neil Armstrong became the first man on the moon.

Label two landing sites, one valley, six seas, two mountains and one crater in the project.

The south is different from the north. The south is higher and it is scarred with many impact craters.
The large crater named "Helles Planatia" is opposite the Tharsis bulge.
The bulge might have been created when the crater was formed.
The massive object that struck Mars pushed the land until it bulged at the opposite end.

International Missions.
The early "Mars", "Phobos" and "Zond" missions were launched by the Soviet Union.
The "Beagle" missions were launched by the British.
The "Nozomi (Planet B)" mission was the first Japanese vehicle to reach another planet (December 2003).
The others are American vehicles.

On July 14, 1965, Mariner 4 was the first space vehicle to orbit Mars.
November 27, 1971, the Mars 2 lander crashed, creating the first human object on Mars.

Label at least two landing sites and ten of the features in the project.

Other Map Projects
You can use any of our other maps to create individual or group projects for church or for vacation bible school props and decoration or center pieces for information booths and seminars.
We also have other instructions on organizing special Sabbath events.

Mix flour and salt
Add boiling water and oil. Stir with a spoon.
Knead when it is cool.
Store unused dough in a sealed plastic bag in the refrigerator.
Let it warm to room temperature before using it.
Take only what you need and leave it in a sealed container when you are making your project.

Section

Size and Quantity

Materials

Land, hills

2 cups

Salt dough

Sea

1 sheet

Blue paper or blue paint

Container

12 x 12 x 2 inches

Cardboard box (Pizza box)

Base

12 x 12 inches

Cardboard

Beach and desert

1 cup

Sand

Tiny Rocks

Few

Rocks, glue randomly

Trees and Labels

-

Tooth picks and paper

Glue

8 oz

Elmer's glue and glue stick

Paint

-

Green, brown, blue

Map Features

A map is a two or three dimensional picture of the landscape that is drawn in exact proportions.
It has certain features.

Map key. A list of symbols and their meaning
Compass. Indicates which direction is north.
Contour lines. On two dimensional maps, they show how raised portions of the land rise from the base to the summit.
Close contour lines show a steep section. Wide lines show a gradual rise.
Each contour line is labeled to show the height. Relief maps usually show the three dimensional features.
Scale. Shows how many inches represent a mile.

We created a file to help with your project.
It has labels for the land features, a compass rose, map key and trees.

Make our raised relief maps with these instructions.

Dough. Mix the dough. Two cups of flour will be enough to make three mountains and the plains for a 12 x 12 landscape (30 x 30 cm).

Draw Map. Draw a rough map the same size as the base of your box.
Copy this map on the card board that will be used for the base. It will be used to guide you in painting and placing your features.
Do not create your project in the box.

If you are creating your own map then decide where "North" is located.
Next, decide where to put these features in this order: Mountain, sea, desert, plain, lake and Island. The valley is between the mountains. Draw a curving river from the mountain, through the valley and down to the plain and into the sea.

Mountains. Mountains should not be taller than 6 inches (15 cm).
For mountains higher than two inches (five cm), make a cone by folding a piece of card board. Staple and tape it. Stuff with paper. Make sure that it can stand upright.
Roll a piece of dough flat and cover the outside. Place it on the base and arrange all the mountains together.
Then fill in the spaces between with dough until you have shaped your mountain.

Volcano. Make sure that there is a depression in the top. You can even place a straw or tube in the center for a central vein.

Valley. The valley is automatically formed between two mountains. Fill up the space between the mountains from the base at least an inch (2½ cm)

Plains. Fill in the spaces between the mountains and the valley, following a gentle slope down to the sea.
Use small pieces of dough and press them in or spread them with your fingers.
Use the boundary lines of the map to know where to place the dough. Do not cover the sea, lakes, ponds or the desert with the dough.

River. Draw the main river in the soft dough. The tributaries can be painted by following the natural curved lines created when you made the plains.

Labels, Trees and Accessories. While the dough is soft, use a tooth pick to poke deep holes into all the places where trees or labels will be placed.
Accessories. If you have miniature items like animals, put them in the soft dough so that they will make a permanent mark where they will be placed.
Remove them and leave the holes to dry.
Let it dry over night.

If you allow the dough to dry before making all your holes, then add more soft dough and paint.
Insert your trees or other items and allow to dry.
This reshapes your landscape, so be careful.

Crater.
Use several sizes of small circular object to make a depression in the surface. e.g. Press the end of a pencil, a button, or the tip of your finger into the earth.

Paint.
Earth

Green. Paint all of the dough green for Earth land forms. Do not worry about going over the edges. Let it dry.
Paint a light green and dark green stripes to create a farm land.
Dab light green paint on the dark green to simulate grass.

Brown. Paint the tops of the mountains brown or white.

Blue. Paint the sea and lake on the card board or glue blue paper.
Paint the rivers or use blue glitter glue.

Mars

Copper or Brass. Paint surface.

Moon

Grey or Brown. Paint surface.

Coast Line and Beaches. The sand will be used to hide the imperfections in your painting between the water and the land.
Mix glue and sand. Pour on the edges. You can add sand over this to give a more natural look. Use a stiff brush to sweep away the excess sand.
Use tiny brush strokes to remove sand.

Desert. Glue sand to the bottom. Pour loose sand on top to get a more realistic effect.

Volcano. Use red glitter glue or, mix sand, glue and red paint. Squeeze out of a tube or pour on the top and let it slowly run down.
Pour it only on one side if you want the lava to flow only from one side.
Stretch out a cotton ball so that it is thin. You can use a it to simulate smoke coming from the mountain. Glue to the top or to a tooth pick so that it rises a little above the top.

Trees, Space Ships and Boats (Optional).

Print the trees from our file or draw your own. A simple triangle about ½ long inch (1½ cm) is good enough. The tooth pick can be the trunk.

Cut out the trees so that a pair of trees are attached. You do not have cut right next to the line. You can color the white edges green or leave them as is.

Cut a tooth pick so that it does not show above the top of the trees but it is long enough to insert into the land.
Glue tooth pick between both trees.

Map. Use the rough map to draw your finished map.
Use our file to help create the map features.
You can save the PowerPoint file to your disk and add the names of your features.
Your map should have the following:

Create the map in color with construction paper or colored printer paper.

Map key

Compass

Scale. The chart on the right gives the sizes of some major features.

Labels. Make your own labels or cut the labels printed from our file. Cut along the solid lines.
Fold the label in half at the dotted lines and glue a tooth pick behind the dotted line.
This creates a label that can be read from both sides.

Accessories. Place your miniature items in the locations that you have created for them.

Box.

Cover or paint the box so that it looks attractive.

Attach the map to the lid of the box.

Attach the labels with your name and the name of the land form.

Insert your three dimensional land.

Add the labels for your features and any miniature accessories.

DefinitionsTypes of Maps

Road Map. Show interstate highways and roads, museums, universities and other tourist sights to help travelers.

Physical. Show the land forms and bodies of water. They may use some color to show elevation.

Political. Show the boundaries of countries, cities, towns and other divisions.

Topographical. Have contour lines that show the shape and elevation of the land.
They show three dimensional surfaces as two dimensions.

Shaded Relief. Two dimensional maps that show elevations by using shades of color.

Raised Relief. Maps that show elevations in three dimensions.

Land

Map 5: Pangea and the New Jerusalem

Basic Land Forms

Extra Land Forms

 Laurasia
 Gondwana
 Tethys Sea
 Garden of Eden
 River of Life (East)
 River of Life (West)
 North Mountain
 South Mountain
 Eastern Sea
 Western Sea

 Continent
 Desert
 Island
 Gulf
 Bay
 Lake
 Peninsula
 Cape

Project Land Forms.

Label the areas in the basic land form, and create your own name for the other features.

Continent. A large continuous land mass.

Island. A piece of land surrounded by water.

Desert. A hot, very dry, treeless area that is usually filled with sand.

Tundra. A cold treeless area.

Forest. A large area of land with many trees.

Garden. A formal and artistic arrangement of interesting plants and flowers.

Archipelago. A group or chain of islands.

Atoll. A ring of coral that forms an island.

Plain. A large, flat area of land in the low lands with mostly no trees and minor changes in elevation.

Prairie. A wide, flat area that has grass and a few trees. (See plain)

Crater. A large depression in the earth caused by the impact of an asteroid or other object from space.

Isthmus. A narrow strip of land that connects two land masses and has water on each side. (See strait)

Coast. The boundary between the land and the sea.

Beach. A wide, flat area of sand that covers the coast.

Delta. A low watery land at the mouth of a river. It is usually shaped like a triangle.

Wet land. An area of land that is often wet. (e.g. swamp, bog, marsh, moor )

Cape. A pointed piece of land that sticks out into a body of water. (See peninsula).

Peninsula. A large body of land that is surrounded by water on three sides. (See cape).

Mountains and High Lands

Mountain. A land that is raised above the surrounding area. It is over 2000 feet (610 m) high.

Volcano. A cone shaped mountain or hill built around a vent that connects it with reservoirs of melted rock below the surface of the earth.

Hill. A land form that is raised above the surrounding area, but is smaller than a mountain.

Plateau. A flat open country in the high lands.

Dune. Temporary hills of sand shaped by the wind.

Cliff. A vertical rock exposure.

Butte. A rock or hill formation with a flat top and steep sides. (See mesa)

Mesa. A land formation with a flat top and steep sides in a dry area.

Valley. The low areas between two elevations.

Canyon. A deep valley between high cliffs or formations with steep sides.

Water

Ocean. A large body of salt water that surrounds a continent.

Sea. A large body of salt water that may be partly or totally surrounded by land.

Lake. A large body of water surrounded by land.

Pond. A small body of water surrounded by land.

River. A large, flowing body of water that empties into the sea.

Tributary. A stream or river that flows into a larger river.

Glacier. A slow moving river of ice.

Lagoon. A shallow body of water along a coast.

Gulf. A part of the ocean or sea that is partly surrounded by land.

Bay. A small body of water that is partially enclosed by land.

Fjord. A long narrow sea inlet that is bordered by steep cliffs. (See canyon).

Sound. A wide sea inlet that is parallel to the coast. It is usually between the coast and an island. (See fjord).

Channel. A deep and wide strip of water that separates two larger bodies of water. It is usually part of a river. (See strait).

Cove. A small, horseshoe shaped body of water on a coast.

Strait. A narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water. It has land on both sides. (See isthmus)

Swamp. Fresh water wet land with very muddy, spongy land.

Marsh. Salt water or fresh water wet land that is found beside rivers, lakes and coasts.

Source. The beginning of a river.
The Throne of God is the source of the River of Life.

Then the Lord God built a woman from the rib that He had taken from the man, and He brought her to the man. Genesis 2: 22

Time: 30 minutes Print: 9 pages

Copyright This file first created: October 4, 2004. Updated : October 24, 2004
Credits:
Author: Laverna Patterson. Editor:
These are original designs from Teachinghearts.
All images were created by Laverna Patterson and are the property of teachinghearts.
Mars: http://www.solarviews.com/eng/mars.htm