↵*P value from a simple χ2 or Student t test after adjustment for age and sex where appropriate.

↵†Blood pressure categories: normal, SBP <120 and DBP <80 mmHg and not using antihypertensive medication; prehypertension, not hypertension and SBP 120–139 or DBP 80–89 mmHg; hypertension, SBP ≥140, DBP ≥90 mmHg, or using antihypertensive medication. P values provided reflect the distribution of the three blood pressure categories between the two age-groups within each race.

↵‡Means and SD from the untransformed distribution. Student t test P value is from the natural log–transformed distribution.

↵†BMI-years/follow-up time: cumulative area calculated based on time to each recorded examination (x-axis) and connected BMI measurements (y-axis) divided by the total amount of follow-up time in years.

Table 3

HRs by age-group for the association of prospective gains in BMI with incident diabetes, after adjusting for covariates*

↵*Increase in BMI is assumed to be a constant linear function over time. Within each race and age-group, a baseline BMI of 22 kg/m2 and no weight gain over 9 years was used as the referent. Adjusted for baseline BMI, HDL-C, natural log–transformed triglycerides, fasting glucose, and hypertension group, as well as interaction terms for age-group × baseline covariates, race × baseline covariates, and age-group × race × baseline covariates.