Getting rid of cash could have some pretty weird effects on our bodies

Harvard economist Ken Rogoff has a long list of reasons he's
anti-cash. He says many countries should get rid of most paper
money in favor of electronic payments.

But one possible benefit he does not spend a lot of time
discussing is our health.

Rogoff argues in his new book, "The
Curse of Cash," that large notes like fifties and hundreds
are used primarily for tax evasion and crime. They don't help
most people buy groceries or clothes, purchases
increasingly made with plastic or by electronic means.

"What's going to happen is someday cash gets used less and less
in the legal economy," Rogoff told Business Insider. "It's
already the case, and that's just going to continue."

But if we did ditch cold, hard cash in favor of electronic money,
there is some evidence that it could have significant effects on
our physical and emotional well-being.

How our bodies could react to going cashless

It's a misnomer to call cash "paper currency," at least in the
US. Bills are 75%
cotton and 25% linen, according to the Bureau of Engraving
and Printing. This makes American cash extremely absorbent to the
many kinds of bacteria we encounter every day, says Chris Mason,
a microbiologist at Cornell University.

"The paper is like a little sponge wandering around and can serve
as a bit of an echo of the bacteria and the people which it has
encountered over time," Mason told Business Insider.

According to the Dirty Money Project, a 2014 research project led
by NYU biologist Jane Carlton,
each bill contains about 3,000 types of bacteria. Some of the
bacteria are harmless, but others can spread DNA from
drug-resistant microbes and spread pathogens that cause skin
infections and stomach ulcers.

If we got rid of cash, many of those microbes could relocate to
other surfaces or disappear entirely, for better or worse.

Mason says there is no hard data on diseases springing from
cash-based bacteria, but people might become more vulnerable
depending on how their particular cocktail of bacteria — their
"microbiome" — changes.

The environment and our diets already affect that cocktail. Mason
says going cashless would reduce how often people interact with
one another's microbiomes, potentially making us healthier if
their bills carried pathogens.

Even today, countries around the world use various types of
money. Some are polymer plastic, like bills used in Australia,
which Mason says features a different microbiome than paper or
linen.

On the other hand, the
hygiene hypothesis says people could get healthier if they
came into contact with diverse microbiomes. With more experiences
fighting foreign bacteria, our bodies build defenses.

If we got rid of cash, we could miss out on that benefit and
might face a larger risk of infection.

Reducing the cash in society could also make many feel better
physically, Mason says, particularly as men tend to sit on their
cash-stuffed wallets and put themselves at risk of spinal and
lower back problems.

In that case, Mason says, "the physiological and posture changes
might be more significant than the microbiome changes."

Psychological effects of not using cash

Some of the most profound changes could happen in our brain, in
how we think and feel about the money we spend daily.

Consider the research that says the sting of losing money is a
lot stronger than the happiness of gaining that same amount (and
sometimes
more). Behavioral economists call this "loss aversion." If
someone gives you $5, you'll feel good. But you could feel a lot
more pain if you dropped that $5 bill on the street.

In a cashless future, that might feel good in the short term,
since you no longer feel bad about seeing your money disappear.
But it might hurt even more in the long term, once you finally
check your bank account after ignoring it for a while and see a
huge hit.

Mason says the immune-related benefits might end up being more
psychological, too.

In Sweden, where only 2% of transactions are completed with cash,
Swedes already extol the benefits of leaving paper currency
behind. As
Nathan Heller reported for The New Yorker, bankers tend to
express more confidence that they're leading healthier lives sans
cash, even if Mason says the data doesn't support that.

The data might not even matter in the end if the placebo effect
is strong enough.

"Some people might just feel better and feel cleaner, and then
have less cortisol so they have less stress, and then they'll be
more healthy," Mason said.