As far as I am aware the answer is no, you can save the file to the SD card or to the application's storage and use the File Explorer tool (Window -> Show View -> Other -> File Explorer) in Eclipse to extract that file to your machine or use the adb pull method

If you are using conventional SDK the answer is (probably) no. If you look at ~/.android/avd you will see that whatever your emulator is doing is stored into *.img files. Said that you can create some sort of service running on the localhost and connect to that from your app. This will actually better resemble real-life scenario

Based on your reaction to @pixie answer it looks like I misunderstood your question. Indeed you can simply use your Eclipse DDMS perspective to navigate to the file and then "pull" or "push" a file. You can't just do it programmatically from withing your app