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Portrait of a man in a cap, drawn by Alexander Bogen

Object | Accession Number: 2005.181.58

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a Jewish man interned in the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Drawing in black ink on rectangular, yellow paper. It depicts the head and upper body of a man in portrait, wearing a jacket, and a cap tilted to his left. The artist’s signature and a year are in the lower right.

Dimensions

overall : 12.060 x 9.500 in. (30.632 x 24.13 cm.)

Materials

overall : paper, ink, graphite

Signature

front, lower right, in black ink : A. Bogen / 43

Contributor

Artist:
Alexander Bogen
Subject:
Alexander Bogen

Biography

Alexander Katzenbogen was born January 24, 1916, in Tartu, Estonia. His parents were both doctors. His father was from a secular Jewish background; his mother was the daughter of Rabbi Tuvia Lobitzki of Volkovysk, Poland (now in Belarus). When Alexander was two years old, the family moved to Vilna, Lithuania. The atmosphere in the home as he was growing up was liberal. His parents were socialists; he was a member of the Socialist-Zionist youth group Hashomer Hatzair. He married Rachel Shachor (b. 1914).

In 1941, Alexander was studying art at the University of Vilna. At that time, Vilna was under Soviet rule. On June 22, Germany invaded the Soviet Union and German planes bombed Vilna. Alexander and Rachel joined a large exodus from the city on foot toward the east. They got as far as Minsk, a distance of over a hundred miles, before German military activity forced them to turn back and return to Vilna. The journey east and then back to the west took months. Along the way, Alexander began sketching what he saw of the suffering of his fellow Jews under the new German occupation.

Alexander and Rachel were among the Jews confined to the Vilna ghetto, where Alexander joined the FPO, the Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye (United Partisan Organization), an underground organization inside the ghetto with paramilitary aspirations. He had the code name Shura. In addition to activities in the FPO, he sketched images of life in the ghetto. There was a debate within the FPO about whether to make a last stand against the Germans inside the ghetto, or to join partisans on the outside in the ongoing fight against the German occupation of the region. On July 29, 1943, a small band of FPO members, Alexander among them, escaped the ghetto and joined the Voroshilov brigade of partisans in the Naroch Forest, 60 miles to the east.

The majority of the partisans there were non-Jewish Russians. An all-Jewish unit was formed, called Nekhamah (Revenge). Alexander and other members of the unit distinguished themselves in paramilitary actions. Even under those conditions, Alexander sketched, using scraps of packing paper and charcoal made by burning dry branches. He sketched his fellow partisans, sometimes doing so as he and they were going into battle. In later years, he recalled, “Each man when he is standing face to face with cruel danger, with death, reacts in his way. The artist reacts with his means. This is his protest! This is my means! He reacts in an artistic way. This is his weapon.” The partisans produced a small newspaper on a mobile press. Alexander prepared woodcuts for the publication using his pen-knife.

At the beginning of September, 1943, a plan was formed for Alexander and a band of Jewish partisans to return to Vilna to infiltrate the ghetto and help potential fighters escape. The journey from the Naroch forest back to Vilna took a week. Along the way, Alexander’s group took food from peasants, sometimes at gunpoint. Once inside the ghetto, he reestablished contact with the FPO. German troops were in the final phase of liquidating the ghetto. Again, Alexander sketched what he observed. “We saw forsaken children. We saw people being taken to slaughter. I could not let my pencil fall. To tell about this to a world that was uninformed--to be creative in the situation of the Holocaust, this is also a protest.” On September 11, he helped lead 150 FPO members in an escape from the ghetto and on the journey to the Naroch Forest. His wife, Rachel, and her mother were also among the escapees.

Anti-Semitism by the Russian partisans made the position of the Jews among them difficult. Alexander was removed from military action and spent his time recording the history of the partisans by sketching their way of life. After the war, Alexander and Rachel returned to Vilna. Alexander returned to his studies and graduated in 1947, then he and his wife emigrated to Poland, where he became an award-winning artist. They had a son, Michael. In 1951, they made aliyah to Israel. During his career as an artist there, Alexander frequently used the subjects he had sketched during the war. Rachel died in 1998 at age 83 (or 84?), Alexander on October 20, 2010 at age 94.

Also in This Collection

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of this fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a girl wearing a six-pointed star. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a German soldier rounding up a group of Jews in the ghetto of Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts two of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts two of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He was a member of the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts two of his fellow partisans in battle. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts two of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a Jew in the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a man wearing a six-pointed star. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts two of his fellow partisans sabotaging a railroad track. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a girl wearing a six-pointed star. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting and elderly man wearing a six-pointed star. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts two of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting an German officer. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a man wearing a six-pointed star. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Woodcut created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The woodcut depicts two of his fellow partisans sabotaging a railroad track. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Woodcut created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Woodcut created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The woodcut depicts a group of his fellow partisans in battle. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Woodcut created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The woodcut depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a child bundled in winter clothing. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a man in winter clothing with a star on his chest. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a group of Jews interned in the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He was a member of the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a German soldier and a German officer rounding up a group of Jews in the ghetto of Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a street scene in the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a scene of destruction during the liquidation of the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting two Jews interned in the ghetto of Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting an old man. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch of Tuvia Szeres, a 24 year old partisan fighter known as Tevko the Tiger, created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna (Vilnius) in June1941 when Germany occupied Lithuania. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He was in the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans in September 1943. When Lithuania was liberated in summer 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies. Tuvia was also interned in Vilna ghetto, escaping in 1943 to join the partisans. He was with the Chapaev Unit. After the war ended in May 1945, Tuvia did aid work in Italy, helping displaced persons with the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and assisting Bricha, which helped survivors illegally emigrate to Palestine.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts two of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a Jewish man interned in the ghetto of Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts two of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a scene of destruction during the liquidation of the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a partisan carrying an injured comrade. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans in battle. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting an old Jewish woman interned in the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a Jewish man interned in the ghetto inVilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a scene in a camp overseen by the partisans for civilian refugees hiding in the forest. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a German soldier and a German officer rounding up a group of Jews in the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting an old Jewish couple interned in the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a Jewish child interned in the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a man wearing a six-pointed star. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts two of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans in battle. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Woodblock designed by Alexander Bogen for printing a scene of a German officer menacing a group of Jews, and on the back, two soldiers sitting in the forest. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Woodblock designed by Alexander Bogen for printing a portrait of a woman, and on the back, a man sitting with a rifle Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a Jew in the ghetto of Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts a group of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts one of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Lithograph created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. The sketch depicts two of his fellow partisans. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen while he was a partisan fighter in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia during World War II. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a woman interned in the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting people interned in the ghetto of Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting an old Jewish man interned in the ghetto of Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies

Sketch created by Alexander Bogen, depicting a Jew interned in the ghetto in Vilna, Lithuania. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Artwork created by Alexander Bogen. Bogen was an art student in Vilna in 1941 when Germany invaded and occupied Lithuania and neighboring countries. In the Vilna ghetto, he sketched scenes of the life of his fellow Jews interned there by the Germans. “An artist doomed to death,” he said in later years, “recording and so preserving those doomed to death.” In 1943, he escaped the ghetto and joined the partisans in the Naroch Forest in Belarussia, who carried out sabotage and other actions against the occupying German military. He helped lead the all-Jewish Nekama (Revenge) partisan brigade, and reentered the Vilna ghetto to help underground fighters escape as it was being liquidated by the Germans. When Lithuania was liberated in 1944 by Soviet forces, he returned to Vilna and resumed his studies.

Learn about over 1,000 camps and ghettos in Volume I and II of this encyclopedia, which are available as a free PDF download. This reference provides text, photographs, charts, maps, and extensive indexes.