A radical left-wing revolutionary terrorist group active in Germany from 1968 until 1977. They later became known as the Red Army Faction (RAF). The RAF was founded in 1970 by Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Horst Mahler, and Ulrike Meinhof.

The Baader Meinhof Gang (or RAF) described itself as a communist and anti-imperialist "urban guerrilla" group engaged in armed resistance against what they deemed to be a fascist state. As such, members of the RAF generally used the Marxist-Leninist term "Faction" when they wrote in English. The Baader Meinhof Gang carried out many assassinations and bombings. They were also responsible for kidnappings and bank robberies.

The Baader Meinhof Gang has been portrayed in the 2008 German film, The Baader Meinhof Complex. The group was also mentioned in the 2005 film Munich.