Anatomical terms and Anatomy of the Heart

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continuous one way circuit of blood through the blood vessels

Circulation

the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves, inner layer of the heart wall consisting of epithelium and connective tissue as well as some specialized muscle tissue

Endocardium

the middle muscular layer of the heart wall - the thickest and pumps blood through the vessels

protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between

Pericardium

-lightly striated-have a singular nucleus-involuntary controlled-Intercalated disks-branching of muscle fibersthese fibers are interwoven so that stimulation that causes the contraction of one fiber results in the contraction of a whole group. The intercalated disks and the branching cellular networks allow for the cardic muscles to contract in a coordinated manner

Functions of the Myocardium

system of blood vessels that carries blood between the heart and the lungs

Pulmonary Circuit

Circuit of blood that carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

Systemic Circuit

the two upper chambers of the heart. There is a right atrium (which receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body) and a left atrium (which receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs).

Atria

the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body.

Ventricles

receives oxygen-poor blood from all tissues, except the lungs, through the superior and inferior venae cavae

Right Atrium

the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk

Right Ventricle

the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins

Left Atrium

the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta

Left Ventricle

a wall of tissue that separates the left and right sides of the heart

Septum

Pertaining to between the atria., seperates the right and left atrium

Inter-atrial

pertaining to between ventricles, septum

Interventricular

Tricuspid valve - prevents blood from flowing back up into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts - SYSTOLE

Right AV valve

bicuspid or mitral valve - prevents blood from flowing back upinto the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts - SYSTOLE

Left AV valve

valve with 3 half moon shaped cusps - prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle when the right ventricle relaxes - DIASTOLE

Pulmonary semi-lunar valve

valve with 3 half moon shaped cusps - prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle when the left ventricle relaxes - DIASTOLE

Aortic semilunar valve

the contraction of the chambers of the heart (especially the ventricles) to drive blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery

Systole

the widening of the chambers of the heart between two contractions when the chambers fill with blood, The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle is relaxed, allowing the chambers to fill with blood.