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V O L U M E 3 . F A L L S V IL L A G E , C O N N ., S A T U R D A Y M A R C H 1 2 , 1 8 5 9 .
• • ••Entered aocoraiAg lo Act of Congress in the
1859,by A l b er t BuSHSKLL.in the Clerk’s Office
or the u. S. District Court for the District of Con-sectirut.
THE BUSHNELL PAPERS.
U P O N
AGRIC UL TU R AL SCIEXCE,
B Y
A lb e r t B u sh n e l l ,
i . PRACTICAL AGRICULTURIST OP SALIS­BURY
CONN.
THJB BENEFITS OF AGRICULTURAL SOCIE­TIES,
CONTINUED.
Thi« definition of the word “ science,'’
though correct, may seem new to many
bf you. and I fear it will be tiresome to
toy readers, on account of its length ;
but, remember, it is an explanation of
that point in the first grand division of
Ihis work, which sets forth the necessi­ty
of our seeing firstly, our true position
am o n g our fellow men, before we set
^bout making amendment; and I can
nee no better way to accomplish this
object, than to take this word in connec­tion
with the use that is made of it, as
a type to work by; thus accomplishing
a double purpose; by showing clearly
the importance of self knowledge, rel­ative
to our best interest; and also, mak­ing
this king ot words, in its different
s e n se s , so familiar to our minds, that
w e shall no more mistake its meaning ;
though often, for bad ends, polished over
with all the a r t and logic philosophers
are master of.
I w i l l a lso s t a te in th i s co n n e c tio n ,
that I c o n s id e r th e w o rd sc ienc e, a s u se d
and to le r a te d in i t s e v il sen se , a s ty p i ­cal
of a l l th e w ro n g s w h ic h m e n suffer,
from th e i r e a r th ly c omm e rc e , in te r ­changes,
a n d a s s o c ia t io n s ; a n d th a t , on
the o th e r h a n d ; I c o n s id e r i t in i ts good
sense ; a s ty p ic a l of m a n ’s m o s t p e r fe c t,
iBOcial, a n d c om m e rc ia l c o n d itio n .
I make this statement in this place;
as I purpose to work afier types, and
models, and patterns ; and prove by
symbols; in establishing this science of
agriculture ; and as I wish to have my
readers understand before I go farther;
what my rule of procedure will be I
have determined on this course for four
important reasons; viz. that there is no
other way to accomplish the undertak­ing—
that in this way it may be done
satisfactorily and perfectly—that in this
w a y I shall know when I am wrong, and
c a n s e t myself r ig h t; and so keep aloni;
with my work—and that you, my read­e
r s may know; when I am right and
w h e n I am wrong ; and enjoy the satis­faction,
as this science progresses, of see­in
g t h a t it is growing into the thing we
w a n t .
But we hare not done with this word
sc ien c e , yet. We have only gone just
f a r enough to see the model after which
t w o r k ; viz. “ science and its use
which if you will keep in mind, will en­able
you to discover whether it be true
in practice. First let us look at the
m(^el, and then look for its counter
part in practice; so that if we find i t ;
the whole problem will be proved; for
th e result will prove or disprove the
genuineness of the model; and we shall
n o t be obliged to ask philosophers, nor
lo o k in dictionaries to learn whether it
be true. The expose I have made of
the word science and its use, makes it
a n all important and universal technic,
o r specific term in all trades callings and
professions to represent vice or virtue,
truth or error, moral purity or its oppo­site.
Such is the model had from" the
word science, as it is used. Horrible!
absurd upon the face of i t ; yet true.—
Look now for its counterpart in prac­t
ic e . All over the civilized world, and
particularly in the United States and
Territories, and in Utah even; every in­stitution
is built on this so call science;
scientific laws, scientific institutions,
scientific creeds, scientji^<j p)iilosophies,
and scientific theories, scientific states­men,
scientific politicians and scientific
professaw; a n d i^ll, all of these of every
name, discordant and .divided among
and against themselves,. and yet, all
based on science. Out bf'these issue, as
might be expected, pretenders to science
of every name and nature. Such as sci-eutific
swindlers, scientific defaulters in
state, in finance and in morals ; scien­tific
villains and scientific hypocrites,—
These pretenders to science, each exert­ing
a baneful influence upon the general
weal, according to his facilities and ca­pacity
to do so ; work out misrule, divis­ions
and subdivisions, false practices,
teachings and immoralities among the
people ; so that there is a general dis­cord,
and complaint of wrongs, tqo great
f o r all good and truly scientific men and
philosophers to control; and the great
eril arising from this state of things, is
seriously felt in every hamlet through­out
our country, and every man has be-cpme
a sufferer, and is called upon by
every sense of duty, to look about him
and ask what all this science means, for
i t is aH science, so called.
N oiTj i f science brings about such re­sults,
then have we got the true model
o f it, a n d will try to purify it as we in­troduce
it further into the science of ag­riculture.
Leaving for the present all
th e s e specialities for which it is used as
ft necessary and specific technical name
o r representatiye, to be treated at length
in their place, we will return to the
p o i n t in h a n d , m a k in g first a few general
r em a r k s . O u r model then, in which we
M i tfae w h o le m a c b t n e r j 'o f th i s t o call­ed
science and its fruits, turns out to be,
as every man might know it would, if
ever found, the great secret, the very
verity itself, of the long sought for and
mysterious philosophers stone, by which
the whole machinery we have been look­ing
at is kept in motion by false philoso­phers.
By looking at our model, proved
true by practice, we see that a whole­sale
business is made, and always has
been made out of the prostitution of this
word science, and that it is time we
knew it, and that we should know it,
first of all things, let it cost what it will.
We, I now mean f a r m e r s , support all this
machinery we have been looking at, and
it wants but half an eye to see it so—
a pretty serious m atter but we will not
touch it in this connection—though we
obtained at the eost of many valuable
young pear trees, which were lost by
contagion of blight from the quince; and
in a number of instances new trees were
annually set and lost in the same grounds
for three successive years, before the
true cause of failure was suspected;
when to prove the thing, the quince
trees were eradicated Pear trees have
since done well in these localities, ex­cept
when in conjunction with, or near
to quince roots left in the soil.
We have two choice localities for
pear trees with that exception ; in each
of which we have carefully placed a
valuable young pear tree annually, for
five successive years, without success,
C O R R E S P O N D E N C E .
Westward bound, and our trip as far
made as the good city which bears the
zoological cognomen—Buffaloi
“ Only 22 miles to Niagara,” said my
companion, a? we adjusted ourselves for
the last fraction of our day’s travel.__
“ By ^he way,” he continued, the cur­rent
of his thoughts a little turbid from
their too much agitated business source,
“ what a grand old firm is that Niagara,
of Neptune & Jupiter. To the business
storms and tempests which devastate
and dissolve all other partnership, they
are invulnerable. We shall find them
, , , , , • xu* 1 I o p in ig . f v v u c tim u t s a y tu wxiat
W ill in i t s p ro p e r p la c e in th i s w o rk .— d i s ta n c e th e b l ig h t of th e q u in c e m a y b e
They here I mean false ph; osophers, I ®
wrongfu ly called mentiflc phltosophers, have known it to take p l a c e l a n j
work all the maohinery we have been g„,„^ ^
ooking at. and work it to our disadvan-, pestilence much stronger
tage, and neither does U want more than others ; but we hare found it par-half
an eye to see t h i s - a pretty serious jicularly fatal to the Bartlett, Bloodgood,
matter a l s o -b u t y Would not
as of old, at their smooth-worn (counter
years wunout success, | their eternal th u n d e r - th ey
and purpose to repeat the experiment. suspend.” “ ■ > 'S
this spring. We cannot say to whati- ,
also—but we will not meddle
with it here—though we wrlleive it due
notice in its place. We must follow this
word science a little farther in its ex­planation,
and then we shall be ready to
commence using it in our science of ag­riculture,
and know when we use it
rightfully. Science is so important to
success in every enterprise, that its real­ity
or its semblance, which has always
say that healthy quince trees were hurt­ful
to pear orchards except in their im­mediate
vicinity, but on account of their
liability to have and transfer disease,
would exclude them from such premises.
Secondly, we have demonstrated by
our practice, that the much dreaded
pear blight has its origin in cultivation;
b e en m a d e to a n sw e r fo r i t s r e a l i ty , is ’ o)* t h a t we h a v e n o k n ow le d g e o f th e
absolutely necessary to the success of
all undertakings, and whoever desires
to bring a thing into use or notice, must
philosophize, and will do so, just accord­ing
to his abilily, upon its truth and its
merits, and its utility in practice. Ac­cording
to his success in his philosophy,
will be his success in accomplishing h is !
object. If it be a good or a bad thing, i t '
must have truth, or approved science,
or the semblance of it, stamped upon it,
or it will not be received by the people.
If it be ever so good, and even necessary
disease; whereas we think we have seen
it in its worst forms. This subject
would be out of place here, were it not
important to guard against it in planting
out an orchard, and will be treated here
only in this connection; but shall be
fully discussed by itself, in its proper
place in this work. The cultivation of
all plants to be right, must be true to
n a tu re ; and before any species can be
successfully cultivated, its nature must
be studied and understood. The pear
is a species by itself, and every variety
a n d its m e r i t s c a n n o t b e , o r a r e n o t
sh ow n u p, i t w ill be a n u n fo r tu n a te fa il ­u
re . If i t be e v e r so b a d , a n d i t s fa u l t s
c a n be a n d a r e c o v e re d u p , a n d th e s em ­b
la n c e o f t r u th , o f sc ien c e a n d o f u t i l i ty
g iv e n to i t , a n d i t m o s t u n fo r tu n a te ly ,
w i l l b e a p e r fe c t su c c e s s , b e e n d o r s e d b y
a l l , b ro u g h t in to im m e d ia te u s e in o u r
c a llin g s , a n d p r a c t ic e s a n d i f o f a so c ia l
n a tu r e , be s c a t t e r e d w id e in o u r m o r a l s
a n d w ill b e c a l le d sc ien c e , t i l l w h e n , on
Waking f rom o u r s tu p id i ty , a n d se e in g
th e lo s s we h a v e su f fe red f rom th e p r a c ­t
ic e o f i t , we a r e fo rc e d to s a y i t is n o
j of this species differs from every other
variety of the same species; so that to
cultivate it successfully, its nature and
wants as a species must be made famil­iar
to the mind, and so must the nature
and wants of every variety of it be cul­tivated.
I t is so with other species qf
Iruit trees, but not so strongly markem
The pear roots deep, is a regular sub-soiler,
delights in it, and draws all, or
nearly all its support from i t ; hence the
importance to it, of a suitable and well
drained subsoil, and a cultivation true
to its natural wants; which must nec-
Their
iron bridge suspends," dryly avered a
mischievous-fyed urchin at our elbow.
My companion’s head was beginning
to sway on its pivot, and I was just de­termining
to apply the same “ blessed
invention of sleep” to my own dropsical
lids, when the conductor opening the
door simultaneously with the pause of
our locomotive; in rushed such a volley
of Niagara as might arouse a dying Na­poleon
to a reutterance o f the command,
“ tete de armee ”
y Did you ever see Niagara in mid-win­der
after one of our wonderful ice-storms
had encased everything, everywhere, in
caskets of purest crystal—tree, shrub,
rock, tower, island, surface, all enshrin­ed,
and only visible through their jew­eled
encasements, and the great bright
full-moon throwing over and through it,
her beaming flood of silvery light? Or
have you seen it when touched by the
sun-beam’s magic wand, gems of every
solar coloring, sparkled in the gorgeous
landscape? I f you have not, do not in­vite
me to the impossible description,
but go sometime, and look at it. But
go at any season, and Niagara will teach
you soul-lessons of beauty, sublimity and
wonder. And if you are not Pagan, you
will with hushed and reverent spirit, re
cognize this sublime impress of the
great Creative hand.
Hearts from many lands have here
bowed to its mighty power. One has
thus sung;
science, and forced to feel and say as essarily commence with the planting;
Hodge felt, and said when, on waking > n d as blight originates in culture, it
from a comfortable nap in his waggon,
from which his oxen had been stolen
while he slept, and who impulsively ex-claimed-
if 1 am not Hodge, I have found
a capital waggon—if I am Hodge I have
lost a first rate yolce of oxen—and we
soon find, that we are Hodge. We may
have a capital waggon left, and we may
have lost all, but any way, we have lost
a first rate yoke of oxen. Remember I
work by model and explain by symbol:
Now here is a perfect symbol of how we
often find ourselv'es, after having follow­ed
the teachings of this speculative sci­ence.
I might write volumns upon this sub­ject,
to wit, the prostitution that has
been made of this word science, and the
many evils the people have suffered in
consequence of it, but scientific commu­nications
should not be lumbered down
with common reading matter, nor over
charged with their own purity, lest the
reader and learner tire and become res­tive.
Just so soon as a point is fully and
clearly illustrated, it should be dropped,
and another thing taken up. or a return
made to a matter left unfinished. In
this case we have left the matter of the
few important words, which we said
should be well studied and understood,
and will now return to them.
To Be Continued.
THANSPLANTING TREES.
Our last article was concluded with
the procees of planting trees, and an an­nouncement
that in our next we would
illustrate some important matters rela­tive
to this subject, not yet considered;
and compare the advantages of our sys­tem
of transplanting with those of other
methods devoted to the same end.
We will Grst touch on some speciali­ties
concerning tree setting, which we
consider important to the business; and
the more important to this treatise as !........ ................ .................. .....................
p om o lo g is ts h a v e h e re to fo re o v e r lo o k e d ; i tem w a s fo rg o t te n in o u r l a s t a r t ic le )
should not be lost sight of in any part
of the business, especially in placing out
the plants. The subsoil, if not adapted
to this purpose, may be wonderfully im­proved,
and often well fitted, by under-draining;
but in no other way that will
pay, or be advisable; except in cover­ing
it up to a suitable depth by an over­lay
of proper earth. In this way, if not
very objectionable, it may be easily pre­pared
for this use. Whereas digging in­to
it, and changing a portion of it, would
not improve i t ; but make it worse, by
the formation of an artificial basin, pro­portionate
to the size of the excavation;
serving only to concentrate and confine
water and fertilizing matter in a center,
which would be unnatural and hurtful
to the tree; stimulating and giving it
fits of growth and blight, while young,
and producing disease and stuntedness
when more mature.
To guard against the pear blight,when
transplanting; and it is important to do
so, if the soil is r ig h t ; dig the holes,
disturbing the subsoil as little as possi-^
ble ; being anxious only to reach a sui­table
depth, and extent of circle in the
excavation, to accommodate the roots
when planting, with a natural position.
If the soil is too wet, or retentive of
moisture, drain it. If too compact, too
porous, or too f la t; pile good soil on top
of it, to deepen the compact and porous,
earth and make the level crowning,at the
angles where trees are to be s e t ; so that
in all these cases, water and fertalizing
matter in solution will incline from these
angles, instead of to them ; diffusing
themselves divergingly into the subsoil;
being prepared as they descend, to be
taken up by the inlets of the rootlets,
and become invigorating food for trees.
When this is done, the ground will be
r ig h t; call it so, and dig the holes as
before; then plant the trees as directed
in our last article, using a straight edge
or straight stick of suitable length, (this
them in their writings. We will here c ro s sw is e o f th e h o le , u p o n a le v e l w i th
however take occasion to observe, that - the surface soil, to determine, the tree
we are aware we are prolonging this being now in the excavation, the highth
treatise beyond all precedent, and be- and depth of planting, by seeing what
yond our own expectations, and perhaps ' point of the tree will bear against this
tiring our readers; many of whom, from straight edge or leaveler. The proper
their inexperience may suppose we | depth of planting cannot bo too careful-might
have told the whole story in one ly attended to, as the future culture and
column of the Republican; but we ac- thrift of the plants will be much facili-knowledge
a duty in this communication tated by a uniform correctness in this
to make it complete and valuable to our particular.
readers in proportion to our experience ; remark here, because we
and ability; and believe, though disap- think of it, and because the circumstance
pointed at its length, they will approve j^ay cause some curiosity, that we name
of a full illustration of our subject, ! the pear tree alone in connection with
On the score of specialities we will these remarks; on account of its being
first name the quince blight, and give it the only one to which they are all di-a
passing notice, as connected with this rectly applicable; but consider the most
subject of transplanting. I t is a very of them directly, and the others indi-uncertain
business to cultivate young rectly applicable to all other fruit trees,
pear trees in close proximity to oldi
q u in c e t r e e s . T h i s k n ow le d g e h a s b e e n '
“ Thy diadem’s an emerald, of the cloarcsi, piu-est
hue,
Sot ronudwith 'wayc.s of snow-\rhitefoamand spray
ol'Sat.'aery dew ;
While tresses of bright jiedrls float o’er thine ample
•sheet,
And til? riiiribow lays its goYgfeons gems in tribute
at thy icet.
Bj' (^ay. by niffht, without a pause, thy waves with
loud acclaim
lu ceaseless sounds have still proclaimed the Great
Etetndl’a name.
* * * * * *
There are historical associations of
interest in the vicinity of Niagara, and
I make a brief note of some of them for
the youthful readers of the Republican.
Here in 1814. was fought the Battle
of Chippewa. 3000 Britons command­ed
by Gen. Riall, occupied a favorable
position at the mouth of the Chippewa.
Among them were the veterans of Wa­terloo,
haughty, fancying th at the con­querors
of the mighty conqueror of Eu­rope
must stand invincible before the
stripling “ Young America.” But with
the heroic assurance of David before
Goliah, he rallied his brave little band,
though out-numbered as they were,
more than one-third, by the enemy.—
This was a sanguinary conflict, but it
closed by the defeat and disorderly re­treat
of the King’s regiment and the
royal Scotts; while our brave republican
Scott drove them to the shelter of their
entrenchments. The British lost 514j
the Americans 328i This battle was
on the 5th of July.
Twenty days after followed the battle
of Lundy’s Lane. This contest com­menced
late in the afternoon and con­tinued
’till midnight. Again the victors
of Chippewa stood arm to arm with the
foe, and but a mile and a half from the
great Cataract, its roar mingled with
the discharge of artillery and with the
groans of the wounded and dying; and
the moon fitfully gleamed through the
rent drapery of cloud. I t was here that
our brave Col, Brady, wounded and
weakened as he was, and pale from loss
of blood, was entreated to leave the field,
"‘not while I can stand," was the re­sponse
of the intrepid Spartan-Yankee.
A dark hour ensued—the sun had gone
down, and the 1 ight of hope seemed
sinking in their hearts, when reinforce­ments,
like some watchful angel brought
new strength, and Gen. Ripley daUnt-lessly
conceived the thought of storming
the enemy’s battery, said he—“ Col.
Miller, will you take ^render battery?”
I will try," instantly responded the
“ cxur de Lion," and calmly he march­ed
before the thundering cannon—and
the guns were his. This was a hard-fought,
bloody battle and the victory
claimed by both armies. Loss on each
side about 850.
In this vicinity is the ground of the
battle of Queenstown. Its date is Oct.
13, 1812. During the contest our brave
foe, Gen. (Sir Isaac) Brock was mortal­ly
wounded. He is buried here, and to
commemorate his prowess, a fine monu­ment
has been erected. The base is 30
feet high and with a fluted shaft of free­stone,
it rises 185 feet. A statue of the
General stands on the Capitol.
The view from Brock’s ihonument is
beyond description grand and magnifi­cent.
The eye in traversing the vast
expaase pours its rich gatherings into
an overflowing h e a r t; and with Mossil-lon
before the pageant of the dead, “great
Louis,” you bow to the utterenfee—" G?oa
ulny is great ”
On either side of the entrance Id Lake
Ontario are forts, Niagara and Ntassa-sauge.
Niagara Town is Built od the
site of Newark which on the 10th of
Dec 1813, was burnt by Gen. M’CIure
Fort George is only a ru in ; the British
destroyed it when it was evacuated by
the Americans on the burning of New­ark.
Lewiston burnt by the British in
1813 is in the eye-view.
A few statistics of the great suspen­sion
bridge two miles below the falls,
may further interest young readers. The
length is 800 feet, the width 24 feet;
height above the river is 250 feet. There
are 4000 miles of wire in 4 wire cables
of about 10 inches diameter. The tow­er
on the American side is ^8 feet high;
on the Canadian 78. The weight of the
bridge 800 tons. I t cost 500,000 dol­lars.
I t is said that the cars which are
constantly passing over, cause not the
slightest vibration. P aul P in e .
ARTICLES FROM THE GLEANER
OF THE
A D E L . t » l t l C I N S T I T U T E .
NORTH CORNWALL. CONN.
S c ie n t if ic P rogress.— We are eve­rywhere
saluted with the echo of the
progress of the age. We everywhere
see tokens o f advancement, and welcome
the day that ushers them in. We eve­rywhere
behold marks of improvement
in art and science. We see the wonder­ful
triumphs of mind over matter. Eve­rything
that serves man’s high behest,
is being brought under a more enlighen-ed
philosophy—under a higher practical
subservient principle—under a better
theory—under a more comprehensive
and better comprehended law, a more
eflHcient mechanism. The Farmer is
soon to become familiar with the com­ponents
of the soil he cultivates, and
know how to make such combination*
as are most needful to its highest fertil­ity.
The Mechanic is soon to use the
elements of Nature aS servants for his
work. Ere long the organized and dis­organized
matter is to do the will of man.
The air and the heat—the wave and the
gale—the lightning and electricity are
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Business Correspobd^nt to the N. Y. T ribane.,
CnENANQO (Post OfiBce)j Broome Go.,N. Y. ^
January 3,1859.
Sir Inclosed you will please find twenty dol­lar
for twenty one copies of The New-York fVttk-to
do the bidding of the practical philos
opher. This glorious era is just at hand
soon we shall converse with Europe in
the short space of four hours. Soon
our merchants can purchase their goods
111 Euglaiid~ and! retui'M to- thefr ijomes
the same week. Soon Great Britain
and America can exchange ministers—
Beecher preaching for Spurgeon in Lon­don,
and the latter in Brooklyn, going
and returning in the space of one week.
Soon we are to witness what the world
has never beheld. I'hen the arts, tliAt
are now only in their infancy, will be
perfected through the aid of superior
genius—superior skill. The light and
the sun beam are yet to be brought ttt
the aid of the artist, in a higher and
more perfect form, than anything which
the Painter has yet produced There
has been a new constellation added to
the sciences (and there are to be sever­al
more before the cycle is complete,)
in the laying of the speaking medium
between the residence o f the Mother and
her Daughter. Though it refuses t a
speak for the present the Yankee and
the Englishman wiU soon resuscitate
her, and the Atlantic cdble will riot only
accomplish all that has been predicted,
but soon she will have two or three sub­marine
sisters, b^*aring their dispatches
to various quarters of the. globe.
-----—^ A. S R ogers.
F armers.—As a class the Farmers
are ever deserving of respect. The
Merchant depends upon them for his
merchandise; the mechanic for his trade;
and the Politician for his influence.—
They are the great producing agency ;
the strong check upon the downward
and corrupt tendency of the Govern-ly
Tribune.
Hitherto we have had no clnb of The Tribnne at
our Fost Office. I was requested by some of my
neighbors to obtain a club often, but have suc­ceeded
in obtaining double that number withont a
great deal of elTort. We are all “ small fariiiets and
greasy mechanics,” but love to read The Tiibunli
for all that. One of our farmers who baa been in
the hubit of buying The Tribune at the news-ofSc^
in Binffhamton, declares that he would not do with
out it for t ;n times its subscription price. Indeed
a year or two pgo he was enabled to ihake seventv
dollars on a lot of oats t,hit hj t>f one of hill
neighboi^ by reading The.Ti-ibnne, and keeping
posted on the prices current; Hiae W. Fabmsb.
T E R MS-One
copy, one year, $2 Five copies, one year, $ 8
Thre^ copies " 5 Ten “ “ " IS
Twenty copies, ip one «ddfbss, at * he rate of I I
- peranniiiir. :Tr: . . . . r.T. . . . . . . 20
Twenty copies to address of each subscriber,
and any larger number, at the rate of 11,20
each....................................................... . 24
Any person sending us a club of Twenty of mteti
will be entitled to an extra copy.
Snbscriptinns may commence at any time. Terms
always cash in advance. All letters to be address­ed
to HORACE GREELEY & Co.,
Tribnne BnUdinvs,
New York Jan, 101859. Nassan-st. New York.
NATIONAL fOLICE GA2BTTE,
This Great Jonmal of crime and criminals is is
its twelfth year, and is widely circolated thmvgh-out
the country. It contains all the Great Trials,
Criminal Cases, and appropriate Editorials oi tk«
same, together with information on criminal aut-'
ters, not to be found in any other newspaper.
Subscription $2 per annum; SI for six
months, to be remitted by subscribers, (i^ho shenll
write their narac.t and the town, couaiy and stait
where they reside plainly.) to
GEO. W. MATSELL & CO.,
Editors \ ! roprietors of the
National Police Gazette;
34lf NewYorkCily
NORTH CAlTAAlC
MUSIC SCHOOL.
The theory and pactice of Vocal fiinsic: thorough
Bass, Pianoforte acd Melodeon, taught thoronghly
and scientifically, on tne modem school prineiplea;
^ cs» OZEl S8 o
With board, per Quarter, 150. Per year $200
Address, T. G. U. FISK,
North Canaan^ €onn;
PIANOFORTES, & MELODEONS,
For sale, CJ and 7 octave Pianofortes, of superi­or
style and quality, warranted perfect ; also Car-hart
& Needham’s celebrated 5 aifd 6 octave Melo-
. j " X *• , dions. which will be offered at wholesale price* ment, and degeneracy of the nation. His Dec. i s t .
employment gives him health of body,
and with it a mind whose workings are
reason and justice. They delight in
honesty and any acts in violation of it
causes patriotic feelings, and a disgust
for those who perpertrate them. Is a
revolution in the Government anticipat­ed?
we answer not until honest farmers
have c e a s e d to vote. As others respect
them so they should respect themselves
and take off the only stigma upon their
character, which is a want of education
and with it what naturally follows a
want of liberality. Let them bring up
their children as educated farmers and
we shall have an honest and inteligent
nation. Let the rash acts of a Brooks
a Hubert and a Sickles show them their
duty. Would they see their children
grow up with an honest and virttious
nation then let them see to it that they
cast their votes for honest men and hon­est
measures. t . a .
Obey your P a r en t s .—Tim. I'idler,
was a very nice boy. The boys all liked
him ; he was so kind, and so good heart­ed.
He always obeyed his parents, and
did as he was told. You was always
sure that Tim. would do just as he said
he would. And he would always do to
you just as be wanted you to do to him.
He would often tell his companions that
he made it a rule to do right every day.
No one stood higher in school than hon­est
T^iirt. The boys made Tim. their
judge in all their little disputes because
Tim. would decide it right, Tim. will
make a good and great man because he
will always do right. w. h.
New ln.struments exchanged for old ones.
Persons in want of superior instruments at sresf#
bargains, please call aud see.
On fent,’ two;or three good second hand Piaao-'
fortes. T. G. U. FISK.
Iy23
School
A supply oi Common Scuool Registers,
with Blank Abstracts focertifiioates appended
I'or sale, at the Printing 0£Bce,by
23tf C. B. MALT5TB.
SLATE RtiOFJriG.
WHAT is the of taking a ten or fifteen yeara
lease when you can have a wsrrantee deed
forever just as cheap. ^ J
Now you can have slirfif of uniform width and
length, delivei’ed to any of the depots on the Hou-
s_a_t_o_n_i_c_ r_a_i ltro_a_d_ _n_o_rrtahi l-o.f Kent, or the Harle« ram
road north of Do /er, free of “ "J
by the owners of the quarry, .v -
square feet, for the first quality; and $b,25 for thtf
“ ah y o ^ S to do is to
the depot on to the roof and hoard the men wnii«
*‘ S f s ‘ slate is c a l l e d the tost metaf b / t j e Chem­ists
A^he’^*ver it has been analyzed for rroSng of
X S t 1l.Icoyeredy and is exnected W hiit tot mH
T h S e * ^ ^ ^ leave no p'rofilt fof #orkinjt the’
a n a r r v and probably will be adian^ed s e i t year.
Iny bililding suitable to shingle is (jnth the roof
b o a r d s close together) strong enough to slate, as
the SHOW slides off b8iore a large quantity accumu-
** All work warranted to keep out the water, an£^
from 20 to nO st-i. worth (per hundred feet) of tar
naper will keep out every particle of snow
All orders will be promptly ^ittended to by
NORMAN SPURR,Agen<.
Ashley Falls, Feb. 10,1859. 7tf.
MACHINERY*
Op all k.isdsan'd Mill gearrngS, Sflafftn^C’
M a n u fa c tu re d a n d fi'ftfed up i n the best
o a r e a s o r i a h le tem i .? ,a n d a t s h o r t n o t i c e by tb ^
6tf fiJfPJRE 0 0 . ,N o B ro iK .C « l f /

V O L U M E 3 . F A L L S V IL L A G E , C O N N ., S A T U R D A Y M A R C H 1 2 , 1 8 5 9 .
• • ••Entered aocoraiAg lo Act of Congress in the
1859,by A l b er t BuSHSKLL.in the Clerk’s Office
or the u. S. District Court for the District of Con-sectirut.
THE BUSHNELL PAPERS.
U P O N
AGRIC UL TU R AL SCIEXCE,
B Y
A lb e r t B u sh n e l l ,
i . PRACTICAL AGRICULTURIST OP SALIS­BURY
CONN.
THJB BENEFITS OF AGRICULTURAL SOCIE­TIES,
CONTINUED.
Thi« definition of the word “ science,'’
though correct, may seem new to many
bf you. and I fear it will be tiresome to
toy readers, on account of its length ;
but, remember, it is an explanation of
that point in the first grand division of
Ihis work, which sets forth the necessi­ty
of our seeing firstly, our true position
am o n g our fellow men, before we set
^bout making amendment; and I can
nee no better way to accomplish this
object, than to take this word in connec­tion
with the use that is made of it, as
a type to work by; thus accomplishing
a double purpose; by showing clearly
the importance of self knowledge, rel­ative
to our best interest; and also, mak­ing
this king ot words, in its different
s e n se s , so familiar to our minds, that
w e shall no more mistake its meaning ;
though often, for bad ends, polished over
with all the a r t and logic philosophers
are master of.
I w i l l a lso s t a te in th i s co n n e c tio n ,
that I c o n s id e r th e w o rd sc ienc e, a s u se d
and to le r a te d in i t s e v il sen se , a s ty p i ­cal
of a l l th e w ro n g s w h ic h m e n suffer,
from th e i r e a r th ly c omm e rc e , in te r ­changes,
a n d a s s o c ia t io n s ; a n d th a t , on
the o th e r h a n d ; I c o n s id e r i t in i ts good
sense ; a s ty p ic a l of m a n ’s m o s t p e r fe c t,
iBOcial, a n d c om m e rc ia l c o n d itio n .
I make this statement in this place;
as I purpose to work afier types, and
models, and patterns ; and prove by
symbols; in establishing this science of
agriculture ; and as I wish to have my
readers understand before I go farther;
what my rule of procedure will be I
have determined on this course for four
important reasons; viz. that there is no
other way to accomplish the undertak­ing—
that in this way it may be done
satisfactorily and perfectly—that in this
w a y I shall know when I am wrong, and
c a n s e t myself r ig h t; and so keep aloni;
with my work—and that you, my read­e
r s may know; when I am right and
w h e n I am wrong ; and enjoy the satis­faction,
as this science progresses, of see­in
g t h a t it is growing into the thing we
w a n t .
But we hare not done with this word
sc ien c e , yet. We have only gone just
f a r enough to see the model after which
t w o r k ; viz. “ science and its use
which if you will keep in mind, will en­able
you to discover whether it be true
in practice. First let us look at the
m(^el, and then look for its counter
part in practice; so that if we find i t ;
the whole problem will be proved; for
th e result will prove or disprove the
genuineness of the model; and we shall
n o t be obliged to ask philosophers, nor
lo o k in dictionaries to learn whether it
be true. The expose I have made of
the word science and its use, makes it
a n all important and universal technic,
o r specific term in all trades callings and
professions to represent vice or virtue,
truth or error, moral purity or its oppo­site.
Such is the model had from" the
word science, as it is used. Horrible!
absurd upon the face of i t ; yet true.—
Look now for its counterpart in prac­t
ic e . All over the civilized world, and
particularly in the United States and
Territories, and in Utah even; every in­stitution
is built on this so call science;
scientific laws, scientific institutions,
scientific creeds, scientji^ 'S
this spring. We cannot say to whati- ,
also—but we will not meddle
with it here—though we wrlleive it due
notice in its place. We must follow this
word science a little farther in its ex­planation,
and then we shall be ready to
commence using it in our science of ag­riculture,
and know when we use it
rightfully. Science is so important to
success in every enterprise, that its real­ity
or its semblance, which has always
say that healthy quince trees were hurt­ful
to pear orchards except in their im­mediate
vicinity, but on account of their
liability to have and transfer disease,
would exclude them from such premises.
Secondly, we have demonstrated by
our practice, that the much dreaded
pear blight has its origin in cultivation;
b e en m a d e to a n sw e r fo r i t s r e a l i ty , is ’ o)* t h a t we h a v e n o k n ow le d g e o f th e
absolutely necessary to the success of
all undertakings, and whoever desires
to bring a thing into use or notice, must
philosophize, and will do so, just accord­ing
to his abilily, upon its truth and its
merits, and its utility in practice. Ac­cording
to his success in his philosophy,
will be his success in accomplishing h is !
object. If it be a good or a bad thing, i t '
must have truth, or approved science,
or the semblance of it, stamped upon it,
or it will not be received by the people.
If it be ever so good, and even necessary
disease; whereas we think we have seen
it in its worst forms. This subject
would be out of place here, were it not
important to guard against it in planting
out an orchard, and will be treated here
only in this connection; but shall be
fully discussed by itself, in its proper
place in this work. The cultivation of
all plants to be right, must be true to
n a tu re ; and before any species can be
successfully cultivated, its nature must
be studied and understood. The pear
is a species by itself, and every variety
a n d its m e r i t s c a n n o t b e , o r a r e n o t
sh ow n u p, i t w ill be a n u n fo r tu n a te fa il ­u
re . If i t be e v e r so b a d , a n d i t s fa u l t s
c a n be a n d a r e c o v e re d u p , a n d th e s em ­b
la n c e o f t r u th , o f sc ien c e a n d o f u t i l i ty
g iv e n to i t , a n d i t m o s t u n fo r tu n a te ly ,
w i l l b e a p e r fe c t su c c e s s , b e e n d o r s e d b y
a l l , b ro u g h t in to im m e d ia te u s e in o u r
c a llin g s , a n d p r a c t ic e s a n d i f o f a so c ia l
n a tu r e , be s c a t t e r e d w id e in o u r m o r a l s
a n d w ill b e c a l le d sc ien c e , t i l l w h e n , on
Waking f rom o u r s tu p id i ty , a n d se e in g
th e lo s s we h a v e su f fe red f rom th e p r a c ­t
ic e o f i t , we a r e fo rc e d to s a y i t is n o
j of this species differs from every other
variety of the same species; so that to
cultivate it successfully, its nature and
wants as a species must be made famil­iar
to the mind, and so must the nature
and wants of every variety of it be cul­tivated.
I t is so with other species qf
Iruit trees, but not so strongly markem
The pear roots deep, is a regular sub-soiler,
delights in it, and draws all, or
nearly all its support from i t ; hence the
importance to it, of a suitable and well
drained subsoil, and a cultivation true
to its natural wants; which must nec-
Their
iron bridge suspends," dryly avered a
mischievous-fyed urchin at our elbow.
My companion’s head was beginning
to sway on its pivot, and I was just de­termining
to apply the same “ blessed
invention of sleep” to my own dropsical
lids, when the conductor opening the
door simultaneously with the pause of
our locomotive; in rushed such a volley
of Niagara as might arouse a dying Na­poleon
to a reutterance o f the command,
“ tete de armee ”
y Did you ever see Niagara in mid-win­der
after one of our wonderful ice-storms
had encased everything, everywhere, in
caskets of purest crystal—tree, shrub,
rock, tower, island, surface, all enshrin­ed,
and only visible through their jew­eled
encasements, and the great bright
full-moon throwing over and through it,
her beaming flood of silvery light? Or
have you seen it when touched by the
sun-beam’s magic wand, gems of every
solar coloring, sparkled in the gorgeous
landscape? I f you have not, do not in­vite
me to the impossible description,
but go sometime, and look at it. But
go at any season, and Niagara will teach
you soul-lessons of beauty, sublimity and
wonder. And if you are not Pagan, you
will with hushed and reverent spirit, re
cognize this sublime impress of the
great Creative hand.
Hearts from many lands have here
bowed to its mighty power. One has
thus sung;
science, and forced to feel and say as essarily commence with the planting;
Hodge felt, and said when, on waking > n d as blight originates in culture, it
from a comfortable nap in his waggon,
from which his oxen had been stolen
while he slept, and who impulsively ex-claimed-
if 1 am not Hodge, I have found
a capital waggon—if I am Hodge I have
lost a first rate yolce of oxen—and we
soon find, that we are Hodge. We may
have a capital waggon left, and we may
have lost all, but any way, we have lost
a first rate yoke of oxen. Remember I
work by model and explain by symbol:
Now here is a perfect symbol of how we
often find ourselv'es, after having follow­ed
the teachings of this speculative sci­ence.
I might write volumns upon this sub­ject,
to wit, the prostitution that has
been made of this word science, and the
many evils the people have suffered in
consequence of it, but scientific commu­nications
should not be lumbered down
with common reading matter, nor over
charged with their own purity, lest the
reader and learner tire and become res­tive.
Just so soon as a point is fully and
clearly illustrated, it should be dropped,
and another thing taken up. or a return
made to a matter left unfinished. In
this case we have left the matter of the
few important words, which we said
should be well studied and understood,
and will now return to them.
To Be Continued.
THANSPLANTING TREES.
Our last article was concluded with
the procees of planting trees, and an an­nouncement
that in our next we would
illustrate some important matters rela­tive
to this subject, not yet considered;
and compare the advantages of our sys­tem
of transplanting with those of other
methods devoted to the same end.
We will Grst touch on some speciali­ties
concerning tree setting, which we
consider important to the business; and
the more important to this treatise as !........ ................ .................. .....................
p om o lo g is ts h a v e h e re to fo re o v e r lo o k e d ; i tem w a s fo rg o t te n in o u r l a s t a r t ic le )
should not be lost sight of in any part
of the business, especially in placing out
the plants. The subsoil, if not adapted
to this purpose, may be wonderfully im­proved,
and often well fitted, by under-draining;
but in no other way that will
pay, or be advisable; except in cover­ing
it up to a suitable depth by an over­lay
of proper earth. In this way, if not
very objectionable, it may be easily pre­pared
for this use. Whereas digging in­to
it, and changing a portion of it, would
not improve i t ; but make it worse, by
the formation of an artificial basin, pro­portionate
to the size of the excavation;
serving only to concentrate and confine
water and fertilizing matter in a center,
which would be unnatural and hurtful
to the tree; stimulating and giving it
fits of growth and blight, while young,
and producing disease and stuntedness
when more mature.
To guard against the pear blight,when
transplanting; and it is important to do
so, if the soil is r ig h t ; dig the holes,
disturbing the subsoil as little as possi-^
ble ; being anxious only to reach a sui­table
depth, and extent of circle in the
excavation, to accommodate the roots
when planting, with a natural position.
If the soil is too wet, or retentive of
moisture, drain it. If too compact, too
porous, or too f la t; pile good soil on top
of it, to deepen the compact and porous,
earth and make the level crowning,at the
angles where trees are to be s e t ; so that
in all these cases, water and fertalizing
matter in solution will incline from these
angles, instead of to them ; diffusing
themselves divergingly into the subsoil;
being prepared as they descend, to be
taken up by the inlets of the rootlets,
and become invigorating food for trees.
When this is done, the ground will be
r ig h t; call it so, and dig the holes as
before; then plant the trees as directed
in our last article, using a straight edge
or straight stick of suitable length, (this
them in their writings. We will here c ro s sw is e o f th e h o le , u p o n a le v e l w i th
however take occasion to observe, that - the surface soil, to determine, the tree
we are aware we are prolonging this being now in the excavation, the highth
treatise beyond all precedent, and be- and depth of planting, by seeing what
yond our own expectations, and perhaps ' point of the tree will bear against this
tiring our readers; many of whom, from straight edge or leaveler. The proper
their inexperience may suppose we | depth of planting cannot bo too careful-might
have told the whole story in one ly attended to, as the future culture and
column of the Republican; but we ac- thrift of the plants will be much facili-knowledge
a duty in this communication tated by a uniform correctness in this
to make it complete and valuable to our particular.
readers in proportion to our experience ; remark here, because we
and ability; and believe, though disap- think of it, and because the circumstance
pointed at its length, they will approve j^ay cause some curiosity, that we name
of a full illustration of our subject, ! the pear tree alone in connection with
On the score of specialities we will these remarks; on account of its being
first name the quince blight, and give it the only one to which they are all di-a
passing notice, as connected with this rectly applicable; but consider the most
subject of transplanting. I t is a very of them directly, and the others indi-uncertain
business to cultivate young rectly applicable to all other fruit trees,
pear trees in close proximity to oldi
q u in c e t r e e s . T h i s k n ow le d g e h a s b e e n '
“ Thy diadem’s an emerald, of the cloarcsi, piu-est
hue,
Sot ronudwith 'wayc.s of snow-\rhitefoamand spray
ol'Sat.'aery dew ;
While tresses of bright jiedrls float o’er thine ample
•sheet,
And til? riiiribow lays its goYgfeons gems in tribute
at thy icet.
Bj' (^ay. by niffht, without a pause, thy waves with
loud acclaim
lu ceaseless sounds have still proclaimed the Great
Etetndl’a name.
* * * * * *
There are historical associations of
interest in the vicinity of Niagara, and
I make a brief note of some of them for
the youthful readers of the Republican.
Here in 1814. was fought the Battle
of Chippewa. 3000 Britons command­ed
by Gen. Riall, occupied a favorable
position at the mouth of the Chippewa.
Among them were the veterans of Wa­terloo,
haughty, fancying th at the con­querors
of the mighty conqueror of Eu­rope
must stand invincible before the
stripling “ Young America.” But with
the heroic assurance of David before
Goliah, he rallied his brave little band,
though out-numbered as they were,
more than one-third, by the enemy.—
This was a sanguinary conflict, but it
closed by the defeat and disorderly re­treat
of the King’s regiment and the
royal Scotts; while our brave republican
Scott drove them to the shelter of their
entrenchments. The British lost 514j
the Americans 328i This battle was
on the 5th of July.
Twenty days after followed the battle
of Lundy’s Lane. This contest com­menced
late in the afternoon and con­tinued
’till midnight. Again the victors
of Chippewa stood arm to arm with the
foe, and but a mile and a half from the
great Cataract, its roar mingled with
the discharge of artillery and with the
groans of the wounded and dying; and
the moon fitfully gleamed through the
rent drapery of cloud. I t was here that
our brave Col, Brady, wounded and
weakened as he was, and pale from loss
of blood, was entreated to leave the field,
"‘not while I can stand," was the re­sponse
of the intrepid Spartan-Yankee.
A dark hour ensued—the sun had gone
down, and the 1 ight of hope seemed
sinking in their hearts, when reinforce­ments,
like some watchful angel brought
new strength, and Gen. Ripley daUnt-lessly
conceived the thought of storming
the enemy’s battery, said he—“ Col.
Miller, will you take ^render battery?”
I will try," instantly responded the
“ cxur de Lion," and calmly he march­ed
before the thundering cannon—and
the guns were his. This was a hard-fought,
bloody battle and the victory
claimed by both armies. Loss on each
side about 850.
In this vicinity is the ground of the
battle of Queenstown. Its date is Oct.
13, 1812. During the contest our brave
foe, Gen. (Sir Isaac) Brock was mortal­ly
wounded. He is buried here, and to
commemorate his prowess, a fine monu­ment
has been erected. The base is 30
feet high and with a fluted shaft of free­stone,
it rises 185 feet. A statue of the
General stands on the Capitol.
The view from Brock’s ihonument is
beyond description grand and magnifi­cent.
The eye in traversing the vast
expaase pours its rich gatherings into
an overflowing h e a r t; and with Mossil-lon
before the pageant of the dead, “great
Louis,” you bow to the utterenfee—" G?oa
ulny is great ”
On either side of the entrance Id Lake
Ontario are forts, Niagara and Ntassa-sauge.
Niagara Town is Built od the
site of Newark which on the 10th of
Dec 1813, was burnt by Gen. M’CIure
Fort George is only a ru in ; the British
destroyed it when it was evacuated by
the Americans on the burning of New­ark.
Lewiston burnt by the British in
1813 is in the eye-view.
A few statistics of the great suspen­sion
bridge two miles below the falls,
may further interest young readers. The
length is 800 feet, the width 24 feet;
height above the river is 250 feet. There
are 4000 miles of wire in 4 wire cables
of about 10 inches diameter. The tow­er
on the American side is ^8 feet high;
on the Canadian 78. The weight of the
bridge 800 tons. I t cost 500,000 dol­lars.
I t is said that the cars which are
constantly passing over, cause not the
slightest vibration. P aul P in e .
ARTICLES FROM THE GLEANER
OF THE
A D E L . t » l t l C I N S T I T U T E .
NORTH CORNWALL. CONN.
S c ie n t if ic P rogress.— We are eve­rywhere
saluted with the echo of the
progress of the age. We everywhere
see tokens o f advancement, and welcome
the day that ushers them in. We eve­rywhere
behold marks of improvement
in art and science. We see the wonder­ful
triumphs of mind over matter. Eve­rything
that serves man’s high behest,
is being brought under a more enlighen-ed
philosophy—under a higher practical
subservient principle—under a better
theory—under a more comprehensive
and better comprehended law, a more
eflHcient mechanism. The Farmer is
soon to become familiar with the com­ponents
of the soil he cultivates, and
know how to make such combination*
as are most needful to its highest fertil­ity.
The Mechanic is soon to use the
elements of Nature aS servants for his
work. Ere long the organized and dis­organized
matter is to do the will of man.
The air and the heat—the wave and the
gale—the lightning and electricity are
N U M B E R 1 1
T H*E ^
HOLSATONiC REPUBLICAN,
Is published every SATURDAY MORNING, a t tli»
Republican P rin tin g bfllibe)
FALLS VILLAGE, COKN.
U t O N T H E F O L L O W I N O T X B X S :
To chibs $1.00 per annum in advance.
In s in g le w r a p p e r s , $1,25 p e r a n n um in advance.
Any p e r so n fo rw a rd in g a c lu b of tfeti Bnb»cribter<
will b e eL t i t le d to a free c o p y .
The present volume of the Republican will con;
tain copyrighted | apers upon Agriculture, knowii
as
“ TnK BCSHNELt PAPKB3
Which mnst b« worth from 100 to ioijo.dollars,
least, to any farmer in the Northern Stiteai In |>lro-portion
to his interest in Agriculture.
— iLSO—
A general variety of artic’es relating to Morals,
R)ligion, Education, Politics, Newa, Agricultur®,
Mechanics. Housekeeping, Tra e. Commerce, Hvr
giene. Medicine, &c. An i \n all branch^ tt^ul
take as independent a position as it is possible, d
even desirable a local Jpnirnal should. I t is hopei
that the inhabitant of the 17th senatorial district
especially, will feel it. their duty to ^ v e it a cor­dial
support and that those in the varions ti wni
and neighborhoods who do already take it, will nsi
their influence to induce, at least, two or thre«
others who do not, to send their subscriptions.
AdTertisilig:
To the &.dvertiser, the Republican presents ih^
best medium for reaching the peoplt. of North
Western Connecticut and the adjoining parts of
Massachusetts and New .York. Advertisements
will be inserted upon the following terms :
One square, or less, 1 month, • $ 1,0f one of hill
neighboi^ by reading The.Ti-ibnne, and keeping
posted on the prices current; Hiae W. Fabmsb.
T E R MS-One
copy, one year, $2 Five copies, one year, $ 8
Thre^ copies " 5 Ten “ “ " IS
Twenty copies, ip one «ddfbss, at * he rate of I I
- peranniiiir. :Tr: . . . . r.T. . . . . . . 20
Twenty copies to address of each subscriber,
and any larger number, at the rate of 11,20
each....................................................... . 24
Any person sending us a club of Twenty of mteti
will be entitled to an extra copy.
Snbscriptinns may commence at any time. Terms
always cash in advance. All letters to be address­ed
to HORACE GREELEY & Co.,
Tribnne BnUdinvs,
New York Jan, 101859. Nassan-st. New York.
NATIONAL fOLICE GA2BTTE,
This Great Jonmal of crime and criminals is is
its twelfth year, and is widely circolated thmvgh-out
the country. It contains all the Great Trials,
Criminal Cases, and appropriate Editorials oi tk«
same, together with information on criminal aut-'
ters, not to be found in any other newspaper.
Subscription $2 per annum; SI for six
months, to be remitted by subscribers, (i^ho shenll
write their narac.t and the town, couaiy and stait
where they reside plainly.) to
GEO. W. MATSELL & CO.,
Editors \ ! roprietors of the
National Police Gazette;
34lf NewYorkCily
NORTH CAlTAAlC
MUSIC SCHOOL.
The theory and pactice of Vocal fiinsic: thorough
Bass, Pianoforte acd Melodeon, taught thoronghly
and scientifically, on tne modem school prineiplea;
^ cs» OZEl S8 o
With board, per Quarter, 150. Per year $200
Address, T. G. U. FISK,
North Canaan^ €onn;
PIANOFORTES, & MELODEONS,
For sale, CJ and 7 octave Pianofortes, of superi­or
style and quality, warranted perfect ; also Car-hart
& Needham’s celebrated 5 aifd 6 octave Melo-
. j " X *• , dions. which will be offered at wholesale price* ment, and degeneracy of the nation. His Dec. i s t .
employment gives him health of body,
and with it a mind whose workings are
reason and justice. They delight in
honesty and any acts in violation of it
causes patriotic feelings, and a disgust
for those who perpertrate them. Is a
revolution in the Government anticipat­ed?
we answer not until honest farmers
have c e a s e d to vote. As others respect
them so they should respect themselves
and take off the only stigma upon their
character, which is a want of education
and with it what naturally follows a
want of liberality. Let them bring up
their children as educated farmers and
we shall have an honest and inteligent
nation. Let the rash acts of a Brooks
a Hubert and a Sickles show them their
duty. Would they see their children
grow up with an honest and virttious
nation then let them see to it that they
cast their votes for honest men and hon­est
measures. t . a .
Obey your P a r en t s .—Tim. I'idler,
was a very nice boy. The boys all liked
him ; he was so kind, and so good heart­ed.
He always obeyed his parents, and
did as he was told. You was always
sure that Tim. would do just as he said
he would. And he would always do to
you just as be wanted you to do to him.
He would often tell his companions that
he made it a rule to do right every day.
No one stood higher in school than hon­est
T^iirt. The boys made Tim. their
judge in all their little disputes because
Tim. would decide it right, Tim. will
make a good and great man because he
will always do right. w. h.
New ln.struments exchanged for old ones.
Persons in want of superior instruments at sresf#
bargains, please call aud see.
On fent,’ two;or three good second hand Piaao-'
fortes. T. G. U. FISK.
Iy23
School
A supply oi Common Scuool Registers,
with Blank Abstracts focertifiioates appended
I'or sale, at the Printing 0£Bce,by
23tf C. B. MALT5TB.
SLATE RtiOFJriG.
WHAT is the of taking a ten or fifteen yeara
lease when you can have a wsrrantee deed
forever just as cheap. ^ J
Now you can have slirfif of uniform width and
length, delivei’ed to any of the depots on the Hou-
s_a_t_o_n_i_c_ r_a_i ltro_a_d_ _n_o_rrtahi l-o.f Kent, or the Harle« ram
road north of Do /er, free of “ "J
by the owners of the quarry, .v -
square feet, for the first quality; and $b,25 for thtf
“ ah y o ^ S to do is to
the depot on to the roof and hoard the men wnii«
*‘ S f s ‘ slate is c a l l e d the tost metaf b / t j e Chem­ists
A^he’^*ver it has been analyzed for rroSng of
X S t 1l.Icoyeredy and is exnected W hiit tot mH
T h S e * ^ ^ ^ leave no p'rofilt fof #orkinjt the’
a n a r r v and probably will be adian^ed s e i t year.
Iny bililding suitable to shingle is (jnth the roof
b o a r d s close together) strong enough to slate, as
the SHOW slides off b8iore a large quantity accumu-
** All work warranted to keep out the water, an£^
from 20 to nO st-i. worth (per hundred feet) of tar
naper will keep out every particle of snow
All orders will be promptly ^ittended to by
NORMAN SPURR,Agen