The net result for the period of deducting operating expenses from operating revenues.

Costco Wholesale Corp.’s operating income as a percentage of net sales increased from 2016 to 2017 but then slightly declined from 2017 to 2018.

Income before income taxes

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

Costco Wholesale Corp.’s income before income taxes as a percentage of net sales increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.

Net income attributable to Costco

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

Costco Wholesale Corp.’s net income attributable to Costco as a percentage of net sales increased from 2016 to 2017 and from 2017 to 2018.