In sub-Saharan Africa's biggest producers—Nigeria and Angola—oil has bred corruption, poverty, and war. In Chad the World Bank, NGOs—and local people—hope oil will promote development and easier lives. Three factors—rising global demand for oil, increasing deepwater reserves off West Africa, and threats to oil supplies from the Middle East—have pushed both North America (mainly the U.S.) and Asia (mainly China) to import more oil from sub-Saharan Africa.

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