Test results on the Nassikas Thruster II propulsion device

We now know why this test had a null result. To find out more go to: http://etheric.com/nassikas-thruster-version-three-test/. Also that posting describes a new version of the Nassikas thruster which should produce two orders of magnitude greater thrust than the version 2 thruster.

Update: October 25, 2016

In this update the October 21st test video was redone to include a clip of a second DC test which was inadvertently not included in the previous version of the video. This clip shows the coil pendulum moving in the direction of its wider end by 9 mm, hence in a direction opposite to what was predicted. I have accordingly modified below the discussion of the Oct. 21st test.

———————————-

Conical REBCO tape superconducting coil wound by Superpower Inc. on a form with a 3 degree slope.

Another side view of the coil.

Earlier this year we had conducted a crowd funding campaign to raise money in order to conduct a test of the Nassikas thruster II propulsion device (https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/superconducting-levitation-thruster#/). The coil was wound by Superpower Inc. (Schenectady, NY) in early October and tests were completed this past week at the Superpower facilities. They were attended by Dr. Nassikas and myself and Superpower technicians. Sadly, I report here that the test results showed no evidence whatever that the conical superconducting coil we had made produced any axial thrust.

October 17th Test

Based on computer modeling of our conical coil previously carried out at Superpower, we had predicted that the coil (with its 3 degree taper) should have produced an axial thrust of 66 kg when energized with a current of 30 amperes. In our tests we instead energized the coil with up to 60 amperes, which should have produced a magnetic field strength twice as great as previously planned (i.e., ~0.4 Tesla) and thrust four times greater than previously estimated, i.e. 265 kg of force. A force this large, about a quarter of a ton, should have slammed the coil against the wall of its liquid nitrogen container and propelled the entire assembly across the room. In actuality, we observed no axial displacement of the coil in the direction of its narrow end, as had been predicted.

Test rig for the conical REBCO tape coil tested on October 17th.

The first test of the coil was conducted on October 17th. The coil was suspended in pendulum fashion using a set of plastic ribbons 1.36 meters in length. Our intention was to look for any sign of lateral displacement. Our pendulum test setup was capable of indicating a lateral displacement of as little as 1 mm. To make this minimal displacement, our coil assembly which weighed 3.2 kg would have had to generate a force of 2 grams. But we saw no displacement at all in the October 17th tests. So we can conclude that, if the coil was generating any force at all, it would have had to be less than 2 grams, or about 120,000 times less than we had expected.

Dr. Nassikas discussing the test setup with one of the Superpower techs.

In one of our coil thrust tests we ramped up the current to the 60 ampere maximum in the span of one minute. In a second test we ramped up the current to 60 amperes in 6 seconds. This was as rapid as we could go without damaging the coil. Pulsing was not a possibility. In each case current flow was DC. No thrust was seen in either case. A video of the October 17th test is presented here:

Prior to conducting the test we had noted that the outer layer of coil windings did not have a uniform progressive 3 degree slope, but in some areas the coil surface appeared to have a zero inclination (approaching a cylindrical shape) and in some small end sections the surface even had a slight opposite slope. This was due to the difficulty of forcing the superconductor tape to conform to the intended 3 degree slope, which it did not always do as a result of periodic kinking. There were a total of 400 turns, and hence many consecutive layers that would have propagated any developed unevennesses towards the surface. So all of the windings of the coil did not have the ideal 3 degree inclination. But even if half had this intended inclination, we should have observed at least 150 kg of force, and yet none was observed.

One thought we had was that the magnetic field was not floating free of the coil but had attached to the superconductor through a phenomenon known as pinning. In such a case, any axial Lorentz forces developed by the coil would only have produced an axial stress in the coil and no displacement. We surmised that if pinning was present in our tests that it could be avoided by energizing the coil with a 60 cycle AC current. Even though the current reverses every sixtieth of a second, so also does the produced magnetic field, with the result that the Lorentz force should always be in the same direction, and any resulting axial force. We imagined that repeatedly reversing the magnetic field would prevent it from pinning to the superconductor coil structure. This test was carried out on a different date (October 21st) because first a 20 amp power source for the coil needed to be put together. We also decided to remachine the coil’s conical plastic support form with an 8 degree inclination and rewind the coil on this new form. A quick check determined that an 8 degree inclination was feasible for winding the superconductor tape.

The October 21st Test

Particular attention was paid to winding the coil so that the tape conformed to the form’s 8 degree inclination. But even so, unevennesses developed in the windings and the result was that on its outer surface the coil indicated an average inclination of only 2 degrees. As you see in the photo below some of the outer windings on the left of the coil actually had an inclination opposite to the intended inclination. Although it was difficult to determine what was the overall slope of the windings, probably a reasonable guess is that they had a net slope of 5 degrees relative to the coil’s axis. All the windings were insulated with a thin layer of Kapatan tape to prevent winding-to-winding shorting during the AC test.

Coil prepared for the October 21st test, wound on a conical form having an 8° inclination.

Another view of the coil.

The photo below shows how the coil was suspended in pendulum fashion. In this case a single plastic ribbon was used giving a length of 1.525 meters from the fulcrum to the coil’s axis and 1.34 meters from the fulcrum to the ruler gauge.

Coil shown suspended in pendulum fashion.

We decided to first begin with a DC test. Two tests were done in which the current was increased linearly to 60 amperes over the span of one minute, held for one minute, and then decreased over the span of one minute. In a third test the current was increased to 60 amperes in the space of 10 seconds. In neither case did we see any displacement of the coil towards it narrow end. In the first DC test the coil displaced by 9 mm for a short space of time, but in the direction of its wide end. In the second DC test there was a short space of time in which the coil displaced by 2 mm, but again in the direction of its wide end. I attribute this to a number of possible causes:

The displacement could have been due to turning of the coil as it oriented itself relative to the geomagnetic field (its north end was directed toward magnetic north),

The displacement could have been due to nitrogen bubbles in the vessel creating an asymmetrical pressure on the coil.

The displacement could have been due to liquid nitrogen currents circulating in the cooling vessel. As seen from the movement of ice on the surface of the liquid nitrogen, these currents were quite rapid and we had not put any baffles around the coil to act as shields from these currents.

In the case of the AC test, the coil was powered by a 60 cycle AC current which was rapidly increased up to 19.5 amperes and held there for about half a minute. Again, no movement of the coil was observed. A video of the October 21st test is presented here below:

Current load for the AC test shown in its liquid nitrogen cooling bath.

We also had on hand a piezoelectric digital balance for measuring any developed force up to 75 kg and another balance capable of measuring up to 2 kg of force. But due to the negative results of the pendulum test, these scales were not put to any use except to check the weight of the coil.

Discussion of the Test Results

We do not fully understand why the above test results were negative. Here are two possible explanations.

• One possibility might be that the magnetic field was pinning itself to the coil structure even in the AC test which had been designed to minimize this effect. As mentioned earlier, if the magnetic field had pinned itself to the coil structure, it would have created no net axial movement of the coil, only an axial stress on the coil windings. But no axial movement of the windings within the coil was observed.

• Another possibility may be that the force radially expanding the coil is not due to a Lorentz force, as commonly thought, but rather to an Ampere longitudinal tension which instead would be directed along the length of the coil windings rather than perpendicular to the windings. If the coil were in fact producing only an Ampere force, no axial force could develop, the Ampere force being directed along the axis of the winding inclination, rather than perpendicular to it.

When I speak here of Ampere tension I am referring to the force that is observed to explode wires longitudinally when they are energized by a strong current. For Lorentz forces not to be present, this would imply that the coil’s magnetic field was unable to penetrate the surface of the superconductor tape to interact with the supercurrent circulating within. In fact it is known that superconductors tend to expel magnetic fields from penetrating their surface. We had assumed that some fraction of the magnetic field would have succeeded in penetrating sufficiently to interact with the current flowing within. But we may have been wrong, and actually no Lorentz forces were being generated.

However, I just communicated with a GE Engineer who is the inventor of the superconducting generator and he says that strain gauge measurements have been made on superconducting coils which confirm that the coil expanding force is perpendicular to the wire, hence a Lorentz force. If so the Ampere force theory would not be a valid explanation of the absence of an effect.

The Ampere force, on the other hand, would nonetheless have been present in the superconductor since it exists within all conductors whenever a current is flowing through them. Standard theory of superconducting coils assumes that it is the Lorentz force that is responsible for distending the coil’s windings. If this is not so and the force is actually due to the coil’s longitudinal Ampere forces, then this demands that the superconductor coil industry entirely rethink its theory as to where this coil-expanding force comes from. I consulted with one physicist who confirmed that the longitudinal Ampere force scales according to the square of current. So too does the Lorentz force. The Ampere force is not as well studied by the physics and engineering community and could perhaps have been overlooked as the true cause of the coil distending force.

In view of the present findings, we are not encouraged to conduct a liquid helium test of the coil. Although, magnetic field pinning is not observed in low temperature superconductors such as tin-niobium alloy operating at liquid helium temperatures. So if pinning were the reason why a positive result was not found in the test of the REBCO tape coil, this factor would not be present in a low temperature superconductor test coil. However, such low temperature superconductors are in the form of wire (circular cross section), rather than tape (rectangular cross section). So it seems to me that it would be difficult to establish a specific inclined plane for its super current and hence a resultant axial force. The only possibility might be to build a conical coil with a low temperature superconducting tape to be tested at liquid helium temperatures, if such a tape superconductor can be found. But if Lorentz forces were actually not present in the REBCO tape coil, it is also unlikely that they would be present in a low temperature superconductor coil.

With the present discouraging results, I feel that time is better spent if Dr. Nassikas concentrates his efforts on conducting low temperature tests of his first thruster invention which has already been shown to work at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Even if one were to believe that the temporary 9 mm displacement were due to some intrinsic force generated by the coil itself, this still amounts to only 21 grams, which implies a thrust to weight ratio of only 0.0067, which is half of what was indicated by Dr. Nassikas’ first thruster invention. Also there is the concern that a similar displacement was not seen in the majority of the tests. This fact alone would point to random actions of the environment acting on the coil.

Both Dr. Nassikas and I greatly appreciate the help of those who donated to make this experiment possible. We regret that the experiments did not have positive results. Whether they may point to a flaw in the standard theory of the force that causes superconducting coils to expand when energized needs to be determined.

I’m an admirer of your work, Dr. LaViolette, and enjoyed your book “Secrets of Anti-gravity”.

Can you rule out that the Nassikas thruster 1 wasn’t interacting with the geomagnetic field to produce a net force? Did you ever conduct the experiment inside a Faraday cage?

There’s a patent from How Wachspress (link: http://www.auditac.com/levitators/patent.html) involving conical coils that were supposed to produce a net force within the geomagnetic field. I replicated his design using copper coils but couldn’t produce a net force. Interesting similarity to the Nassikas thruster, don’t you think?

For the thruster I the video shows that it hangs plumb when it warms above its critical temperature and loses its superconductivity. This proves beyond a doubt that external magnetic fields have nothing to do with the thrust.

A thought I have had is if this device is considered open source or not? Forgive me for not understanding the patent process. Am I wrong in thinking that an open source device might have a couple advantages? One being completely open construction, testing and results (in real time). The second advantage resulting from the first, where no patent suppression or governmental intervention in case you do hit the jackpot? Although I see some dimensions referred in diagrams, there is no discussion of test procedures before the fact. Is the superconductivity community willing to help you overcome the pinning effect? Paul, surely you’re aware of the thousands of suppressed patents and devices that came to fruition only to be bought by someone and shelved. One final note I have is why did this test result dated October show up in late March? It makes my mind play out scenarios I’d rather not contemplate. I guess I’m wishing for more open source transparency.

During a tough time for my family, I found this news to be particularly disappointing. I had a sneaking suspicion that something was amiss. I’m still optimistic that future tests will establish what is going on with electromagnetic fields and superconductivity. I think it important to point out that the field of superconductivity went through it’s own growing pains last year when they stated that given new experimental results they were in effect, back to square one with regards to their theory. I am also surprised that the magnet manufacturer wasn’t able to produce a better prototype for you. Pardon me for saying this but it looks rather crude. Would a larger device allow for better tape wrapping with fewer kinks and less deviation from your predicted best-case 3 degree angle? Wouldn’t it allow for a more gradual wrapping? I would be less concerned with maximum output and more with creating any “thrust” at all. Another concern I still have is that had you been completely on track and this device was truly capable of 150 pounds of thrust, that the patent office would have brought it to the attention of the proper authority and your invention would have been suppressed. Call me paranoid, but I don’t trust our government. Keep on with the good fight gentlemen. Best regards, Fred Koch

Dr LaViolette,in your Nassikas thruster I article,you suggested to power a spacecraft with Paul M Brown’s nuclear battery.Why didn’t you suggest to power it with a superconductor motor-generator?I’m not familiar with superconductor but wouldn’t it be better to be powered by an energy source that doesn’t exhaust?And correct me if I’m wrong that the amount of force generated by a superconductor coil is dependent on the amount of energy(current x voltage)stored in it?

For superconductor coils they speak just in terms of current, not voltage, since voltage is essentially zero in the superconductor. Yes one might power a craft by using Nassikas thrusters in pinwill fashion to produce shaft power for a generator.

According to Thomas Valone,pulsed voltage has the strongest EMF.Perhaps you should try applying that to the current of the superconductor.You tried AC of 60 cycles per sec,next time start from 60 pulses per sec and increase the frequency,see if it would improve the effect.

Is there any reason why a more powerful permanent magnet can’t be inserted into a larger YBCO nozzle to determine how this technology scales? Why not build a 4 gram thruster?

At some point it would be impractical to construct a more powerful device without using an electromagnet, but it seems equally obvious that as the force produced progressively increases it won’t be possible to explain it away as any sort of experimental error.

NASA didn’t go from experiments with Redstone to Saturn V without several intermediate steps, so why are we trying to go from substantially better than any ion engine ever built to substantially better than a RS-25?

Re. Nassikas thruster I: We used the most powerful magnet practical for the experiment. To use a stronger magnet requires that we test at lower temperatures. Our next planned experiment for this thruster is to test it at 40 Kelvin inside an evacuated cryochamber. The decision to test the Nassikas thruster II was because a patent was filed which starts the clock ticking. At one point hundreds of thousands of dollars are required to keep the patent active, which makes it necessary to determine if the idea indeed works as theory predicts. For our next experiment we intend to test the thruster II at liquid helium temperatures to see if there will be a positive result.

About your Nassikas thruster, I have an idea that perhaps some holes in the plate could be devised to maximize the thrust of the device, yet conserve it’s energy.

I would also say, that the Super Conductor or one of them or more if necessary, should perhaps some to be used as a SMES device(s). Which if there could be some Electron charging device attached to the SMES from a Solar source, could be an inexhaustible power source for the propulsion device.

SMES have a reputation for being 95%+ efficient as energy storage devices.

Actually, if there is something inside the Bosnian pyramid emitting a radio beacon of some sort, I can only imagine a SMES as the power source.

Dr. LaViolette, given your background and theory, I am curious as to why you have not pushed more in other directions with your own concepts. For example, a fundraising effort for incorporating your modeling with some actual corroborated physical results would be excellent. Or perhaps superior progress in the modeling effort that would lead to some experiments rather than mental work that seems to be done up to this point.

I am talking about uni polar Electricity, not Polarized electricity, otherwise known as:

“The goal of the CIG is to emphasize the living aspect of electricity, as part of the Formative Forces described by Goethe.”

the Cosmic Induction Generator (CIG). So named because the CIG produces intense lines of dielectric induction that cause a plasma to form which takes on the shape and form of a galaxy in space (the Cosmic aspect). The aspect that is extraordinary is the plasma doesn’t take on random shapes or motions- it forms a mini universe! Witnesses to the original experiment described the plasma as being “alive”, “conscious”, and having a “memory”.

Perhaps it is an environmental issue, and the effect you are seeing is not only a local event.

Some years ago I was reading an article that said man made EMF’s(Polarized) were now equal to the natural EMF signal of the Earth. I never thought much about that at the time other than it was an interesting event, like, imagine that. Well today, Earth’s Manmade EMF signature is 4 to 5 fold of what it was 10 or 15 years ago because of industrial development in China and India amongst others:

Around that time or soon after, it was brought to my attention that nearly all the Sunspots seem to loose their complexity and seemed to almost never fire off when facing the Earth. Of course everyone kept saying this was evidence we were going into a Maunder Minimum. I thought it sure looked like it…

But then I started to come across other information, that made me believe that a “Maunder Minimum” was just the “Usual Suspect” and had nothing to do with what was happening.

1st thing, was the Sun had/has somewhat changed color. The second thing, was the Black Holes appearing on the Sun, which they said they were Coronal Holes, well up until their appearance, Sunspots were defined as “Coronal Holes”.

So I have been wondering, “is there some relationship” between manmade EMF generation and the obvious interruption of the Earth & Sun dialog.

Upon reading your report Dr. Laviolette, I cannot help but think that either the “New” EMF environment might be effecting your results OR you are not using the proper electricity.

Why didn’t you reverse pulse the fields – the static field saturates and the static space integrates I don’t understand why additional test were not made in motion and in applied field effects anyway good first try I keep thinking the Germans used a counter field effect but in toroidal motion

I am thinking about the possibility to cooperate with laboratories like the HFML in Nijmegen, Holland (where I live close by).
Maybe they are willing to share their test-results and maybe part of it can be useful for this electrogravitics-project.

Although the outcome of the experiment was not what was expected, it seems that you have revealed information re: Lorenz forces in superconductors, and this information in itself may be useful. Keep up the good work!

Thank you for sharing your results. It is important to test theories. We learn from positive and negative results. Sometimes failures are in the procedures and sometimes they are in the theory itself. This was not a wasted effort!

Disappointing results Mr. LaViolette. I am reminded of how many similar feeling results Edison experienced before he finally gave us the electrical light bulb. I hope Dr. Nassikas perseveres with this.
Regards, Caroline

Etheric.com eShop!

Dr. LaViolette will be speaking at the Water Revolution Conference in Sedona, AZ which to be held from January 26th to 28th. You can learn more about the conference and register here: https://naturalactiontechnologies.com/water-revolution-conference/. Below is a summary of his lecture.

In August of 1998 Paul LaViolette was hired by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) to work as an examiner of MRI patents. Some months later, Tom Valone, a friend of his who also worked at the patent office began planning a conference on new energy technology that was to be held in Washington at the Department of Commerce auditorium. He created a posting on his website advertising the conference and LaViolette put a link to the posting on his own website.

In 2009 the German scientist Martin Grusenick conducted an interferometer experiment that proves the existence of an ether and that indicates the presence of an ether wind oriented vertical to the Earth's surface. He constructed an interferometer similar to that used by Michaelson-Morley and found