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PRNU - Photo Response Non Uniformity

Photo Response Non Uniformity (PRNU) is - like Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN) - a way of expressing errors in the output from sensors.

In line-scan applications, it is particularly important to have a low level of
FPN and PRNU. When uniform light falls on a camera sensor, each pixel should
output exactly the same value. Small variations in cell size and substrate
material result in slightly different output values. The difference between
the true response from a sensor and a uniform response is known as 'Photo
Response Non Uniformity' (PRNU).

Since PRNU is caused by the physical properties of the sensor itself, it is
almost impossible to eliminate completely and is usually considered to be a
normal characteristic of the sensor.