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Clay geochemical and mineralogical composition in Odukpani area, Southeastern Nigeria was analyzed from 10 different locations in order to infer its importance as paloenvironmental indicator. The results show variation in major elements and mineralogical composition. Chemical data showed the average values of silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3) and hematite (Fe2O3) as 47.46% (46.79- 49.51)%, 34.08% (32.2-35.37) % and 2.79% (2.15-2.62)% respectively, while kaolinite being the most dominant mineralogical constituents has its average value as 88.10% (83- 89)%. The high occurrence and concentration of SiO2 and Al2O3 infer terrestrial processes, while the low occurrence of Ti02 (less than 0.001%) and P205 (0.0267%) concentration may be due to claystone associated with continental processes. The mean value of illite / kaolinite ratio is 0.069 (ranges from (0.042-0.091), with higher concentration of kaolinite over illite indicate sediments of fluvial environment and this ratio in the presence of hematite shows oxygenated environment in an arid climate. A very low concentration of CaO (0.04%), MgO (0.19%) and K20 (0.61%) infer non marine influence.Keywords: Clay geochemical, Odukpani area, paloenvironmental, terrestrial processes, illite / kaolinite ratio