Risk Factors

A family history of myoclonus is the only common risk factor that has been identified.

Symptoms

Myoclonic symptoms vary from mild to severe. This depends on the cause of the problem. It may begin in childhood or adulthood. The sudden jerking or twitching may occur once in a while or often. It may be limited to one region of the body or affect all muscle groups.

Light, sound, touch, or movement may be triggers. Or, it may happen for no known reason. Movements can occur at rest or during other movements. There may be one or a series of twitches. Sometimes, the jerking occurs in a pattern. Other times, there is no pattern. Myoclonus can become so severe that it interferes with eating, speaking, or walking.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Your doctor will try to determine the following:

The localization of the myoclonus in the nervous system

If an underlying condition is responsible for the symptoms

You may have your brain and muscle activity measured and recorded. This can be done with:

Treatment

Treatment will begin by attempting to cure any underlying causes, such as tumors or electrolyte imbalances. If these treatments do not work, then treatment aims to reduce how severe the movements are. In some case, multiple drugs are needed to reduce twitching. Some have serious side effects.

Sedatives:

Lorazepam

Diazepam

Clonazepam

Piracetam

Tetrabenazine

Anticonvulsants:

Clonazepam

Divalproate sodium

Gabapentin

Topiramate

Primidone

Carbamazepine

5-hydroxytryptophan
(5-HTP)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Prevention

Taking these steps may help to reduce your chance of myoclonus:

Take care to prevent
brain injury
. For example, wear a helmet when riding a bicycle or motorcycle.

If twitching begins after starting a new medication, tell your doctor. Your doctor may be able to lower the dose or prescribe a different medication.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.