Hegemony. leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.

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How does Gramsci argue the proletariat's can win leadership of society?

By creating a 'counter-hegemony'

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What idea of Marx's does Gramsci reject?

Economic determinism

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How does Gramsci see the r/c maintain their dominance? (2)

1)Coercion- uses the army, police, prisons etc to force other classes to accept the rule 2)Consent - uses ideas to persuade the w/c that rule is legitimate

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How does Gramsci argue the r/c maintain dominance by using consent (hegemony)?

They control the institutions that spread ideas e.g. the media, education and religion

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Why does Gramsci argue that the ruling class hegemony is never complete? (2 reasons)

1)The ruling class are a minority- they must make ideological compromises to take into account the interests of their allies 2)The proles have dual consciousness - their ideas are influenced by r/c ideology and their material conditions of life(pov.)

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How does Gramsci claim the w/c can overthrow capitalism ?

by producing their own 'organic intellectuals'

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What are 'organic intellectuals'?

Body of workers organised into a revolutionary political party, who are able to formulate an alternative vision of how society should be run. It would win ideological leadership because it is based on socialist rather than capitalist values

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Evaluation - What is Gramsci accused over over emphasising ?

The role of ideas, and under-emphasising the role of state coercion and economic factors. e.g. workers may with to overthrow capitalism but are afraid of unemployment. They tolerate capitalism because they feel they have no choice