Gender issues have always been a matter of concern since ancient times. As a matter of fact, war between the two sexes has been on since human evolution. With the growth of mankind the picture of society took a makeover and influx of women invaded the male world. Equality had been an issue even then and is till now a matter of debate. Human workplace also falls under this paradigm and is one of the most frequently talked about topic with respect to equality between males and females. Discrimination between the two sexes includes both men and women as victims of discrimination. But research shows greater evidence for women to have been seen as suffers largely in different fields. During the past 2 decades there has been an increase in the no. of women working in orgs. (Davidson and Cooper; 1992, 1993). It has been seen that women enter orgs with the same expectations and credentials as males but after that point their path seem to diverge (Morrison, 1987).Though equally qualified they don’t achieve high managerial posts as their male counterparts (Morrison and von Glinow, 1990). Moreover, a relative failure in women to move to the ranks of senior managers in both public and private sectors in developed countries has been documented (Adler and Izraeli, 1988). Gender inequality and discrimination is a matter of great concern. to understand and this entire subject let us first view discrimination in the context of gender differences... Discrimination involves action toward individuals on the basis of their group membership; Baron and Byrne (1994) defined discrimination as prejudice in action. Discrimination can take a very overt form (e.g., refusal to hire women into certain jobs), but in many instances, gender discrimination involves the degree to which the workplace is open to versus resistant to the participation of women. Although many discussions of gender discrimination have focused on the ways managers and supervisors treat men and women, gender discrimination could involve managers, co-workers, subordinates, clients, or customers. In general, gender discrimination include behaviours occurring in the workplace that limit the target person’s ability to enter, remain in, succeed in, or progress in a job and that are primarily the result of the target person’s gender. Perspectives on gender discrimination in organizations:-

In order to study gender discrimination many psychologists worked on the basic perspectives of discrimination and gender identity. A group of psychologists gave s set approach which involves two different way of viewing a situation. The two approaches are person-centred and situation-centred approach. In person centred approach attributes like physical appearance, masculinity or femininity are basic reasons for outcomes when person-centred employees are employed. Whereas, in situation centred approach explanations deal with characteristics of the situation. For example, in certain cultures there could be stereotypes relating to gender resulting in a particular form of behaviour being projected toward genders, usage of language and communication style affecting people to behave differently with males and females. Other group of psychologists gave a different set of theories to explain differences between males and females. These are the biological, the socialization models, and structural approaches. Let us see what these approaches have to say… Biological perspective: biological perspective assumes that there are implicit differences between men and women. These differences are said to underlie hormonal and physical factors. These...

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...Glassceiling
Invisible but real barrier through which the next stage or level of advancement can be seen, but cannot be reached by a section of qualified and deserving employees. Such barriers exist due to implicit prejudice on the basis of age, ethnicity, political or religious affiliation, and/or sex. Although generally illegal, such practices prevalent in most countries.
While the phrase glassceiling is metaphorical, many women...

...The GlassCeiling: Fact or Illusion
The glassceiling is it a fact or an illusion? The two words "GlassCeiling" are used to describe the barrier that exists for women and minorities-when it comes to getting promoted into the upper echelons of a company. Does the ceiling exist or is it a figment of the imagination? The writer intentions are to present a picture of that ceiling,...

...GlassCeiling
In economics, the term glassceiling refers to "the seen, yet unreachable barrier that keeps minorities and women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements. Initially, the metaphor applied to barriers in the careers of women but was quickly extended to refer to obstacles hindering the advancement of minority men, as well as women.
While the phrase...

...INTRODUCTION:
GLASSCEILINGEFFECT
In Economics, the term glassceiling refers to situations where the advancement of a qualified person within the hierarchy of an organization is stopped at a lower level because of some form of discrimination, most commonly sexism or racism. An unofficial barrier to opportunities within an organization or company which is perceived to prevent protected classes...

...GLASSCEILING AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
1
Topic: Perceived glassceiling and how it can impact the performance of employees in corporate
sector.
Muhammad Amdan
Ejaz Ahmed
Faisal Rasheed
Muneer Hussain
University of Central Punjab
January 22, 2014
GLASSCEILING AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
2
Acknowledgements
Start with the name of ALLAH who is the most Beneficent and Merciful.
We will...

...GlassCeiling
"I now see the women's movement for equality as simply the necessary first stage of a much larger sex role revolution What had to be changed was the obsolete feminine and masculine sex roles It seemed to me men weren't really the enemythey were fellow victims, suffering from an outmoded masculine mystique that made them feel unnecessarily inadequate when there were no more bears to kill"
Betty Friedan, The Feminist Mystique...

...to research on the ‘glassceiling’
The phrase ‘glassceiling’ is a figurative term coined in the 1970s and is widely used to highlight and describe the psychological, social and economic barriers that prevent women from securing top positions in their respective field. It is, therefore, important that a pluralistic approach is taken to truly identify the factors that cause fewer women to be in senior management positions. In...

...Rose R G
September 15, 2009
Report on GlassCeilingEffect
Employment Problems Faced by Women and Minorities
Introduction:
The “GlassCeilingEffect” does not only hurt the victims, but it hurts us all. There are many, many victims of the GlassCeiling...