In biology, information flows fromDNA RNA ProteinReplicationDNA PolymeraseTranscriptionTranslationRNA PolymeraseRibosomeProcess in Black, Enzyme in BlueEnzymes are proteins that catalyze a specific biochemical reactionKind of like a computer

• Cellular machinery is largely made up of proteins.• Proteins are made up of chains or sequences of amino acids. • The sequence of these amino acids are "encoded" in the cell's DNA. DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.• When one gene is mutated, one protein (a machine) is affected (usually disabled).As a general rule, one gene encodes one protein

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Molecular Biology Occurs at an Unfamiliar ScaleIf a mouse were the size of Chapel Hill (10 miles)• a cell would be about the size of a volleyball (8 inches in diameter) • a gene would be on average about an inch long.• About 1014 cells in a human body (100 trillion). And 20 times that number of bacteria!If a cell were the size of Chapel Hill (10 miles): • an average protein would be the size of a Volvo (10 feet)• an average gene would be about 1.5 miles long but the strand of DNA would only be a few feet wide.

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