ethics

Utilitarianism ethics accentuates that the activity that should be ethically beneficial to the group. In further terms, the outcome of any moral activity ought to be valuable for all by mass offer. This is a universal fundamental theme for ethics in industrialist economies and business as well as in all governments. Virtue Theory is also known as virtue ethics focal point on the person’s character as opposed to the standards and outcomes of the particular acts. This fundamentally means that the prime focus is endured or not to the person who acting ethically is a person who upholds the high virtues and morals, in expressing the good character in people. , plan, results and conclusion are not so much immaterial; nonetheless, the significance of virtue theory is first and foremost. Dissimilar to virtue theory, deontology has a substantial accentuation on obligation in activity, in adherence to runs the show. The right activity is essential here, whereupon fruition, ought to achieve the best useful for all included. This is to some degree like utilitarianism, which does concentrate on the result of the best great. Be that as it may, deontology does not incline toward the result itself, yet all the more so the guideline behind submitting the right activity. The moral behind deontology is about rule and after tenets. Every one of the three of these ethical practices has substantial likenesses. The essential comparability is outcome of activity. Despite the fact that result is not generally the essential center of the activity, it is normal in every one of the three theories that the outcome ought to have a gainful come about as a conclusion of the activity. Whether the activity is focused around rule, qualities or ethics, the end sought to legitimize the methods. The most ideal approach to express the contrasts between virtue theory, utilitarianism and...

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...Business Ethics
Assignment 1
Introduction
This essay is to generally discuss how ethical theories provide guides in valuing human being’s behaviours to be ethically good or bad. We also have a look in different ethical theories to see why they are incompatible. The ethical theories include Utilitarianism, Kantian moral theory, virtue ethics and rights theory. Drawing on two of the theories, we will outline their positions and critically discuss the claim in a business situation. We will also outline and access at criticism level for these two theories.
Purpose of ethical theory
An ethical theory is to provide theory for people to value human beings through their behaviors, to access a person if he/she is ethical good or bad through his/her actions, like be honest, not to steal, not to kill, etc. Although there are basic moralities that every person follows in all places (Beauchamp & Bowie, 2004), in different background culture or different situations, people have different judgments about the actions. Ethical theory gives us a guide to choose the best option of actions in a certain situation which counts as most significant ethically.
Comparing ethical theories
Different ethical theories have different approaches to valuing human beings through their actions. (The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand, 2006, M1, p51) Each theory has different ideas about an action to be considered ethically good, therefore ethical...

...cells are primitive cells which have yet to specialize. Through proper coaxing, stem cells can be made to differentiate into usable body cells and eventually used for medical treatment. Though stem cell technology has been in development since the 1960’s, it was not until August of 2001, when then-president George W. Bush announced that federal funds could be allotted to embryonic stem cell research, that the issue became a hot political topic. The matter is argued with vehement fervor, but the quarrels are wrought with emotivism and partisanship more than actual valid and cogent arguments. In fact, stem cell research has a very broad range of ethical implications. The normative ethical theories, the abortion debate, and even business ethics all have a place in the discussion due to the different new moral challenges which are prompted by this blossoming technology.
The first task of dissecting this debate is to differentiate between the two types of stem cell research. The first is adult (also called somatic or germ-line) stem cell research and is generally accepted and endorsed by all groups. Taken from human bone marrow or other deep tissues, this type of research has already been used for years in the treatment of many diseases, most notably Leukemia. Even the Catholic Church supports adult stem cell research, going so far as to partner with certain groups to further adult stem cell research funding. The disagreement lies in embryonic stem cell...

...﻿Ethics lo1
1.1background and development of theoretical ethical approaches
Deontological Theory
The deontological theory state that the consequences or outcomes of actions are not important, what actually matter is that the actions are morally justified. For example drunken driving is wrong, now if a person argues that he safely navigated his way back home and for that reason he/she should not be held accountable by law, they are wrong because their action was wrong in the first place and was breaking the basic principle for morally correct behaviour that a person should not drive while being drunk.
The contribution of Immanuel Kant towards development of Deontological theory
Immanuel Kant proposes that in taking a decision “Duty” carries the foremost importance. Kant is of the view that a person’s actions will only be regarded as morally and ethically correct when they are taken keeping in mind the sense of duty and responsibility in mind.
Teleological Ethical Theory
The teleological ethical theory put the primary focus on the “Consequences” i.e. “What are those actions that produce the best possible results”? Along with attaching importance to the consequences the teleological theory also suggests that the decisions framework that is developed for achieving the desired consequences should also be managed with care.
Consequentialist Theory
According to the “Consequentiality Theory”, the basis for determining how moral a person’s...

...actions are in accordance with their god’s commands regardless of the consequences or outcomes that may occur. There are also other non-consequentialist theories such as ‘Duty Ethics’ and ‘Prima Facie Duties’ (Thiroux & Krassman, 2012, p.55).
Absolutism and Relativism
Within the studies of ethical reasoning there are two opposite views which are apparent absolutism and relativism. Absolutism usually within the rule of non-consequentialists has the view that there are ‘absolutes’ in the world that once realised must be abided by. In Thiroux and Krassman (2012, p.78) Absolute is be defined as being “not to be doubted or questioned – positive, certain, and unconditional.” While relative states the opposite that there is no ‘absolutes’ or certainty and that morals are dependent upon the situation, people, place and time meaning that there is no definite set of moral values that are shared across all cultures, all are relative to the specific the individual contexts in which they are recognised. The theories of cultural relativism and cultural absolutism state that there is evidence which suggests explanations for why each of the above is valid when looking at ethics and morality (Thiroux & Krassman, 2012). Cultural Absolutism doesn’t suggest that there is no variation between cultures and that morals, ethics and standards are identical across all cultures but states that the underpinnings that make up these rules are all the same....

...Ethics Essay
ETH/316
May 28th, 2012
Ethics Essay
There are many differences and similarities between ethical theories, such as virtue, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. In this paper you will find more differences than similarities, as each theory has a definite characteristic to in that defines it. Along with that you will also find some similarities on how they connect thru morals.
Utilitarianism is my favorite, because it is defined as putting the good of other people before you. A good example of this would be an athlete that has been playing for his hometown team since college, and has an offer to go and play for a team that is much better, but realizes that if he was to leave that his team would be left for the wolves. A person that believes in the utilitarianism theory would stay and play for the team money aside, because they love the game and knows that the team needs them, therefore putting the good of the team before their own good. Utilitarianism theory “suggests that an action is morally right when that an action produces more total utility for the group than any other alternative” (M. Boylan pg 153).
Deontology is a moral theory that dictates the action, just because the action itself is inherently right, without the use of any other calculations. Take the consequences of the action for example. Deontology is sometimes referenced with utilitarianism, because it is designed to bring about...

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Ethics Essay
Bob Griffiths
ETH/316 Ethics and Social Responsibility
April 21, 2014
Ryan Busch
Ethics Essay
Ethics is recognized as a system of moral values, values that affect how people live their lives and make choices. Ethics is the concerned with the examination and study of human actions as it relates to the right and wrongness of these actions. There are several different theories associated with ethics, the purpose of this essay is to briefly describe, compare and discuss the similarities and differences between three ethical theories: virtue ethics, utilitarianism and deontology.
Utilitarianism Ethics
The basic tenant of Utilitarianism ethics is that the action one takes is morally right when it is beneficial for the greatest number of people. Another way to express this thought is, “The greatest good for the greatest number of people” (Boylan, 2009, p. 153). When taking these actions the character of the individual defined.
Deontological Ethics
This theory emphasizes duty to an action or following rules, because the action itself is inherently right. In addition, the Deontology theory is not concerned with the results of the action; it is the motives behind the action that determine if they are right or wrong. In order to help understand the concept, often a subset of the theory is referenced; called...

...Analysis of Censorship within Ethics
Censorship refers to the suppression of information, text, and/or ideas in the media, which people find to be objectionable. In other words, it refers to withholding information from the public. The opponents of censorship assert that the progression of the world towards a society with no boundaries is being hindered through communication media censorship. In addition, censorship violates people’s freedom of speech and expression. On the other hand, the proponents point out that different communication media dabble with ideas, information, and topics that do not need promotion or even be provided to the public at all. This begs the question of whether censorship is more beneficial than otherwise (CM, 1). In that regard, this paper explains that the public benefits more with censorship than without censorship by government.
The evaluation of free expression and censorship requires the use of ethical theories. The two moral theories applicable in this evaluation are consequentialist moral theories (utilitarianism in particular) and deontological theories. Consequentialist theories, which were put forward by different philosophers, such as J. S. Mill (1950), hold that the determination of the rightness of an action is solely dependent on the degree of producing the desirable consequences. Utilitarianism in particular holds that the best action is the one which produces the greatest quantity of good for the most people....

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Torture and Ethics
Esstene’ West
AJS/532
December 10, 2012
Eric Yuva
Torture and Ethics
According to Steven Biko, “the most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed.” This is very true when it comes to the way of the world and torture. This is because torture has been used as a tool since the beginning of history. Since the 18th century B.C., torture has been practiced because of the Code of Hammurabi- an eye for an eye. Moreover, it has been used as a method to control a person or group of people who are seen as a threat (Jayatunge, 2010).This is why some people feel that it is a violation of human rights that has global implications. Ethical theories such as ontological, deontological, utilitarianism and natural laws all have differing viewpoints on whether or not torture can be justified.
Although many feel that it is morally wrong, others think it is just depending on the situation or circumstance. There are many opposing views surrounding the act of torture. According to ("The Universal Declaration of Human Rights", n.d.), torture is defined as an action or practice of inflicting severe pain on someone as a punishment in order to force them to do or say something. Furthermore, words used to describe it are pain and torment. The word torture along with pain and torment all have bad connotations in most cases regardless of the...