The following is an example of which anxiety disorder? A person frequently goes to the emergency room complaining of shortness of breath, rapid heart rate, and feelings of impending death, although nothing medically is wrong.

A.

generalized anxiety disorder

B.

phobia

C.

panic disorder

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

2.

If a friend asked you for the best advice (research-supported) for treating a social phobia, you should say

A.

benzodiazepines work better than antidepressants

B.

exposure therapy combined with group therapy is your best bet

C.

there really isn't any treatment that's successful with social phobias

D.

a and b

3.

Jerome is afraid to go to the zoo with his children because every time he sees a snake of any kind he breaks out in a sweat and wants to run in panic. Jerome is suffering from a(an)

A.

panic disorder

B.

phobic disorder

C.

generalized anxiety disorder

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

4.

Her mother always feels threatened and anxious--imagining something awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. The mother is probably experiencing

A.

a generalized anxiety disorder

B.

a hormonal imbalance

C.

no problem; she just likes to worry

D.

a specific fear response

5.

Every once in a while Ona feels nervous to the point of terror. It seems to come on suddenly and randomly. Her experience is an example of a(an)

A.

panic disorder

B.

phobic disorder

C.

generalized anxiety disorder

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

6.

Someone interested in the effects of social change, poverty, and race on the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably represents the __________ perspective.

A.

sociocultural

B.

psychodynamic

C.

humanistic-existential

D.

cognitive

7.

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called a

A.

panic disorder

B.

phobic disorder

C.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

D.

generalized anxiety disorder

8.

Evidence in support of the biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that

A.

relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives

B.

distant relatives of those with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than close relatives

C.

relatives share not only biological characteristics, but also similar environments

D.

identical twins have more similar environments than fraternal twins

9.

In response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the

A.

somatic nervous system

B.

peripheral nervous system

C.

sympathetic nervous system

D.

parasympathetic nervous system

10.

If you told me that my generalized anxiety disorder was due to my biological vulnerability combined with certain psychological and sociocultural factors, you would be using the

A.

existential explanation

B.

psychoanalytic orientation

C.

exposure theory

D.

diathesis-stress perspective

11.

What reinforces an avoidance response?

A.

the feared object

B.

similar stimulus items

C.

the reduction of fear

D.

physiological arousal

12.

People who are praised and loved for what they do instead of who they are is called can develop extremely stringent (unobtainable) standards of conduct called

A.

the ego ideal

B.

conditions of worth

C.

conditional positive regard

D.

unconditional positive regard

13.

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

A.

schizophrenia

B.

bipolar disorder

C.

major depression

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

14.

Which one of the following would be least likely to experience a generalized anxiety disorder?

A.

a prince who lives in a rural country and has lots of money

B.

a woman living is a US inner city who has lots of children

C.

a child who lives in Bosnia and daily fears death

D.

a man who is in a high pressure, technologically demanding job

15.

Imagine that you just had a "close call" while driving, but now you feel your body returning to normal. Which part of your nervous system is controlling this return to normalcy?

A.

somatic nervous system

B.

peripheral nervous system

C.

sympathetic nervous system

D.

parasympathetic nervous system

16.

The following is an example of which anxiety disorder? A professor becomes anxious unless students sit in alphabetical order, turn in their papers in alphabetical order, and leave tests in that same order.

A.

generalized anxiety disorder

B.

phobia

C.

panic disorder

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

17.

The part of the body that releases hormones into the blood stream is the __________ system

A.

nervous system

B.

exocrine system

C.

endocrine system

D.

autonomic system

18.

Free floating anxiety is most like

A.

trait anxiety

B.

state anxiety

C.

a normal fear

D.

a phobia

19.

An intense and disabling fear of dogs would be categorized as

A.

agoraphobia

B.

social phobia

C.

specific phobia

D.

generalized anxiety disorder

20.

Which theory states that people develop generalized anxiety disorders because they fail to receive unconditional positive regard as children and evaluate themselves with conditions of worth?

A.

Pavlov's conditioning theory

B.

Freud's psychoanalytic theory

C.

Roger's client-centered theory

D.

Ellis's rational-emotive theory

21.

Some people are stimulated by exciting, potentially dangerous activities that terrify others. These varying reactions represent differences in

A.

trait anxiety

B.

state anxiety

C.

neurotic anxiety

D.

existential anxiety

22.

In the face of fear, one is unable to concentrate, develops a distorted view of the world, and feels nauseated. This person is not showing which of the following fear responses?

A.

physical

B.

emotional

C.

cognitive

D.

the person is showing all three responses

23.

Therapists who show unconditional positive regard and empathy for the people they treat are using ________ techniques.

A.

object relations

B.

sociocultural

C.

brief psychodynamic

D.

client-centered

24.

The therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis is called

A.

behavior modification

B.

rational-emotive therapy

C.

self-instruction training

D.

stress innoculation training

25.

Anxiety disorders differ from everyday experiences of fear and anxiety in

A.

severity

B.

duration

C.

frequency

D.

all of the above

26.

According to Freud, children who are prevented from making mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals are at risk for developing

A.

realistic anxiety

B.

neurotic anxiety

C.

moral anxiety

D.

existential anxiety

27.

Tom's fear of snakes is being treated in part by his learning to relax while he looks at a picture of a little snake. This therapy method is called

A.

flooding

B.

extinction

C.

systematic desensitization

D.

cognitive behavior therapy

28.

The following is an example of which anxiety disorder? A person constantly feels upset and nervous, so much so that it interferes with work.

A.

generalized anxiety disorder

B.

phobia

C.

panic disorder

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

29.

At what point in a person's life do specific phobias most often develop?

A.

any time

B.

childhood

C.

adolescence

D.

older adulthood

30.

Which of the following is a limitation of the GABA explanation for the experience of anxiety

A.

GABA appears to be the only chemical that binds to GABA receptors

B.

much of the research is based on animals that might not experience anxiety as humans do

C.

there does not appear to be a relationship between physiological functioning and behavior

D.

all of the above

31.

A person who copes well with a happy event in life is showing a positive

A.

stress

B.

stressor

C.

stress response

D.

stress model

32.

Imagine that you need to go talk with your professor about an assignment you thought was evaluated unfairly. Which one of the stages of this stressful situation would the following statement reflect? I'll just think about what I have to do step by step and try not to get anxious.

A.

preparing for a stressor

B.

confronting a stressor

C.

coping with feelings of being overwhelmed

D.

reinforcing self-statements

33.

A lasting and groundless fear of a specific object, activity, or situation is called a(n)

A.

panic disorder

B.

phobic disorder

C.

generalized anxiety disorder

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

34.

According to Freud, children who are severely and repeatedly punished for expressing their id impulses may develop

A.

realistic anxiety

B.

neurotic anxiety

C.

moral anxiety

D.

existential anxiety

35.

Which of the following is a non-drug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today?

A.

psychoanalysis

B.

relaxation therapy

C.

behavior modification

D.

rational-emotive therapy

36.

Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judged negatively, and to feel humiliated. As a result he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would probably be

A.

a social phobia

B.

a specific phobia

C.

generalized anxiety disorder

D.

post-traumatic stress disorder

37.

Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as due to conditioning?

A.

biological

B.

existential

C.

behavioral

D.

psychodynamic

38.

Imagine that you need to go talk with your professor about an assignment you thought was evaluated unfairly. Which one of the stages of this stressful situation would the following statement reflect? Keep focusing on the present. I knew I would get anxious doing this.

A.

preparing for a stressor

B.

confronting a stressor

C.

coping with feelings of being overwhelmed

D.

reinforcing self-statements

39.

Poor health is best described as a

A.

stress

B.

stressor

C.

stress response

D.

stress model

40.

Raphael was just outside the parking garage of the World Trade Center when the explosion occurred. At the time he was terrified and had visions of the building falling on him. Ever since the bombing he has had periods of anxiety and sleeplessness. This is an example of a(n)

A.

panic disorder

B.

phobic disorder

C.

generalized anxiety disorder

D.

posttraumatic stress disorder

41.

"Don't worry, it can be done." "Approach the problem one step at a time." "Just believe that you can succeed." "A big problem is just a series of little problems." These statements would most probably be used by __________ during therapy for anxiety disorder.

A.

Albert Ellis

B.

Aaron Beck

C.

Joseph Wolpe

D.

Donald Meichenbaum

42.

Which of the following is true about specific phobias?

A.

about 10% of people in the US have the symptoms of a specific phobia

B.

men are more likely than women to have phobias

C.

there do not appear to be racial differences in the incidence of phobias

D.

adult phobias tend to be very short-lived, even without treatment

43.

The following is an example of which anxiety disorder? A college student is so anxious that he can't function unless his clothes are arranged by color and type in his closet.

A.

generalized anxiety disorder

B.

phobia

C.

panic disorder

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

44.

The following is an example of which anxiety disorder? College students become so anxious when taking a test that they cannot remember even simple things that they know quite well.

A.

generalized anxiety disorder

B.

phobia

C.

panic disorder

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

45.

Using traditional research studies, which of the following has been shown to be a highly effective treatment for generalized anxiety?

A.

object relations therapy

B.

client-centered therapy

C.

existential therapy

D.

none of the above

46.

If you were afraid of dogs and your therapist treated you by interacting with dogs while you watched, you would be receiving

A.

vicarious conditioning

B.

flooding

C.

systematic desensitization

D.

biofeedback

47.

Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to such objects as spiders and the dark than they do to such objects as computers and radios. This observation supports the __________ explanation of phobias.

A.

modeling

B.

behavioral

C.

sociocultural

D.

preparedness

48.

Harry is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home. During his therapy, his therapist demonstrates how to handle them. This is a form of therapy based on

A.

flooding

B.

modeling

C.

implosive techniques

D.

covert desensitization

49.

Which theoretical position explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the ineffective control of one's unacceptable impulses?

A.

the behavioral approach

B.

the humanistic approach

C.

the sociocultural approach

D.

the psychodynamic approach

50.

For me, crossing a bridge is terrifying. If you hardly notice crossing a bridge, we differ in

A.

trait anxiety

B.

state anxiety

C.

situational anxiety

D.

b and c

51.

Karla's phobia of small insects is

A.

acrophobia

B.

agoraphobia

C.

social phobia

D.

specific phobia

52.

Disadvantages of taking benzodiazepines include all of the following except

A.

lack of sleep, increased anxiety, and passivity

B.

return of anxiety symptoms when the medication is withdrawn

C.

impairment in cognitive and psychomotor functioning

D.

physical dependence on the drug

53.

If you picked apart everything you did, looking for flaws and never could measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what Rogers called

A.

empathy

B.

unconditional positive regard

C.

conditions of worth

D.

moral anxiety

54.

The most common mental disorders in the United States are the

A.

mood disorders

B.

anxiety disorders

C.

personality disorders

D.

sexual disorders

55.

The gland that produces a hormone that is involved in the reaction to fearful and stressful situations is the

A.

ganglion

B.

adrenal gland

C.

hippocampus

D.

medulla

56.

According to Freud, a generalized anxiety disorder is most likely to result when

A.

a person does not dream, and thus has no outlet for anxiety

B.

anxiety is strong and defense mechanisms weak

C.

a person never has a chance to experience trauma

D.

anxiety is strong and defense mechanisms too strong

57.

The following is an example of which anxiety disorder? A young child screams and trembles at the sight of a dog in a picture book.

A.

generalized anxiety disorder

B.

phobia

C.

panic disorder

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

58.

"Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior." This explanation for anxiety disorders would most likely be offered by

A.

behaviorists

B.

cognitive theorists

C.

sociocultural theorists

D.

existentialist theorists

59.

Neville is so afraid of airplanes that even a picture of one makes him sweat and tremble. Neville suffers from

A.

social phobia

B.

panic disorder

C.

specific phobia

D.

generalized anxiety disorder

60.

Research has supported all of the following behavioral assumptions except that

A.

fear can be acquired through modeling

B.

phobias are usually acquired through classical conditioning in humans

C.

animals can learn to make avoidance responses

D.

phobias can be acquired through classical conditioning in humans

61.

While walking through a forest during a rainstorm 5-year-old Samir was almost struck by lightning. Today, as an adult, he is extremely afraid of trees. What is the conditioned stimulus in the example?

A.

the trees

B.

the lightning

C.

the rain storm

D.

the feelings of fear

62.

Davon watched his father recoil from the snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snakes. This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of

A.

modeling

B.

response discrimination

C.

escape response

D.

stimulus generalization

63.

Imagine that you need to go talk with your professor about an assignment you thought was evaluated unfairly. Which one of the stages of this stressful situation would the following statement reflect? OK, take a slow, deep breath. I know I can do it.

A.

preparing for a stressor

B.

confronting a stressor

C.

coping with feelings of being overwhelmed

D.

reinforcing self-statements

64.

To try to get rid of his dog phobia Jim learns relaxation techniques and creates a list of anxiety-provoking dog-related situations. He then has to imagine the least anxiety-provoking situation and invoke his relaxation training. Next, he has to use his relaxation training while imagining a more fearful situation. Finally, he actually faces a live dog. This description is an example of

A.

flooding

B.

guided participation

C.

vicarious conditioning

D.

systematic desensitization

65.

Imagine that you need to go talk with your professor about an assignment you thought was evaluated unfairly. Which one of the stages of this stressful situation would the following statement reflect? All I want to do now is keep my anxiety manageable and follow through on the plan I made.

A.

preparing for a stressor

B.

confronting a stressor

C.

coping with feelings of being overwhelmed

D.

reinforcing self-statements

66.

When he was five years old, Samir was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm. Today, he is extremely afraid of trees. A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by

A.

operant conditioning

B.

modeling and imitation

C.

classical conditioning

D.

stimulus generalization

67.

One procedure used to treat phobic disorders involves having the therapist confront the feared object or situation while the fearful client observes. This is called

A.

flooding

B.

modeling

C.

implosive therapy

D.

systematic desensitization

68.

If your therapist gave you homework that required you to challenge your faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using

A.

cognitive- existential therapy

B.

client-centered therapy

C.

rational-emotive therapy

D.

interpersonal-physio therapy

69.

Which of the following is the most effective treatment for generalized anxiety?

A.

sedative-hypnotic drugs

B.

benzodiazepines

C.

amphetamines

D.

second-generation antidepressants

70.

Cognitive theorists believe that anxiety is induced by

A.

maladaptive assumptions

B.

lack of empathy

C.

interpersonal loss

D.

overactive id impulses

71.

Alan is always edgy and nervous and feels there is something to be afraid of but cannot name it. He is suffering from __________.

Answer:

72.

The first non-barbiturate tranquillizer synthesized was __________.

Answer:

73.

Carl Rogers argued that anxiety disorders arise from the failure to receive unconditional positive regard during childhood. The person develops harsh self-standards, called __________, which he or she tries to meet by repeatedly distorting and denying his or her true experiences.

Answer:

74.

Performance anxiety may be a form of __________.

Answer:

75.

Benzodiazepines appear to reduce anxiety by acting on synapses that are mediated by the neurotransmitter __________.

Answer:

76.

One of the most direct indicators of societal stress is __________.

Answer:

77.

A bio-behavioral technique that allows clients to monitor and control their own physiological functions is called __________.

Answer:

78.

Eliminating the automatic tendency to assume you are going to fail in a challenging task is the focus of __________ therapy for generalized anxiety disorder.

Answer:

79.

__________ is a neurotransmitter that carries an inhibitory message and has been implicated in anxiety disorders.

Answer:

80.

The superiority of participant modeling over covert desensitization illustrates the importance of __________ in the treatment of phobias.

Answer:

81.

A technique for treating phobias in which the client is repeatedly exposed to the full effect of the fear-creating object without relaxation training is called __________ therapy.

Answer:

82.

Generalized anxiety disorders are often accompanied by persistent feelings of nervousness and agitation that is not clearly attached to a specific problem. This is called __________.

Answer:

83.

The ominous sense of being menaced by an unspecified threat is usually termed __________.

Answer:

84.

A __________ phobia is a severe, persistent, and irrational fear of situations in which a person may be exposed to scrutiny, such as public speaking or performing.

Answer:

85.

Anxiety can be reduced by teaching clients to use information about their bodies to eliminate certain physical responses and increase others. This approach, called __________, uses such techniques as EMG and EEG readings.

Answer:

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