quinta-feira, 28 de agosto de 2014

Introduction to Brazilian Portuguese.

-Portuguese (português)
is similar to Spanish but also quite distinct. Portuguese has a variety of
sounds that do not exist in Spanish. Portuguese is related to Galician, whereas
what is now known as Spanish is really castellano,which is the dialect spoken inCastilla.

-Brazilian Portuguese is pronounced differently than Continental
Portuguese, and Brazilian Portuguese has a very distinct accent from
Continental Portuguese. Brazilian Portuguese has a variety of state and
regional accents in and of itself.

-Continental Portuguese is
Portuguese from Portugal.

-Brazilian Portuguese is the Portuguese spoken in Brazil. Brazilian
Portuguese has been influenced by African languages from West Africa, from
Central Africa in the Congo River basin, and from Angola. Brazilian Portuguese
is also influenced by the various Tupí-Guaraní peoples who were the indigenous
inhabitants of Brazil.

Brazilian Portuguese is the same language as Continental Portuguese but
with a lot of grammatical and pronunciation differences that have been
standardized over time. Many things said in Brazil are grammatically incorrect
for people from Portugal, but over time they have become standardized and
deemed grammatically correct. Brazilian Portuguese has a lot of words borrowed
from African languages such as Yoruba spoken in Nigeria and a few other West
African countries. The word “moleque” meaning kid is a Yoruba word. Brazilian
Portuguese also has a lot of words that come from the Tupí-Guaraní “Indians”
(for lack of a better word) The Tupí-Guaraní people were the indigenous people
that inhabited part of South America. They still exist but in greatly reduced
numbers due to disease, slavery, and colonialism. Maracujá for instance is a
Tupí-Guaraní word. It means “passion fruit.” “Carioca”, which now means a
native of Rio de Janeiro, is a Tupí-Guaraní word.

-Brazilian Portuguese is a rich and interesting language worthy of
study, and anyone interested in learning has a variety of books, videos,
audiobooks, and classes at their disposal.

Random
Brazilian Portuguese Grammar Notes:Brazilians rarely answer
questions with the word “sim” which means “yes,” rather Brazilians repeat the
verb used in the question in the correct person and number. For example, “Você
vai pra praia?” means “Are you going to the beach?” The answer to this is
“Vou,” which means “I am going.” You might also hear “Vou, sim.” Brazilian
Portuguese is complicated, and an explanation of it here would be straying too
far off topic. I included this discussion of “sim” because it is a common thing
said by people that do not know Portuguese very well or not at all.

O= “The” in the masculine
form. Its plural isOs.

A= “The” in the feminine
form. Its plural isAs.

Um= a/an in the masculine.
Its plural isuns(in the plural it means “some/ a few,
etc)

Uma= a/an in the feminine.
Its plural isumas.

Brazilian
Portuguese Pronunciation Guide:

Certain sounds are virtually
impossible to explain their pronunciation without hearing them, so I’ve
included some Google Translate links due to the audio feature Google Translate
now has. Bear with the computer voice on the pronunciation. I did not know how
to record pronunciations of the various unique Portuguese sounds and upload
them into this guide.

Google Translate now has a
feature where Portuguese words as wells as words in many common languages will
be pronounced for you if you click on the audio button. This is very helpful to
anyone that wants to learn how to pronounce the various sounds common in
Portuguese. Below I’ll provide the links to various words using the sounds
mentioned so you can hear their pronunciation.

R - The letter “R” is pronounced like an “H” when it begins a word in
Brazilian Portuguese but not Continental Portuguese. The letter “R” is rolled
when it is found in the middle of the word and not followed by a consonant. The
letter ‘R” is pronounced like a French “R” when it ends a word.

CH– “CH” in Brazilian
Portuguese is pronounced like an “sh” in English. For example, the “ch” in the
word “gaúcho” is pronounced like an “SH.”

T– Certain letter “T’s” in
Brazilian Portuguese are pronounced like a “CH” in English.

D– Certain “D’s” in
Brazilian Portuguese are pronounced with a “DJ” sound as in the “J” in
“jersey.”

S– a single s in the middle
of a word is pronounced as if the “s” were in fact a “z.” So, “casa” is
pronounced like “caza”

Ç= Pronounced like an “s”. For example,golaço

Words
Ending in the Letter “L”:Words ending in the letter “L” are pronounced as if
the L were a “u”. For example, ‘Brasil”(Brazil
in Portuguese is spelled with the letter “S”)is pronounced as if it were“BraziU.”Note how the“s”in “Brasil” is pronounced like a“z.”The word,“normal”is pronounced as if it were spelled “normAO”or “normAU.” This“ao”isn’t the“ão”discussed below. SoBrasilis pronounced“Brah-
ziu”

LH – “Lh” in Portuguese is similar to the “GLI” in Italian. Below is the link
for “trabalho” which means work.

Ã – the following vowels and
diphthongs with what is called a tilde in Spanish can only be explain by
listening to the letters pronounced. Note that the word “PAU” and “PÃO” have
drastically different meanings. Below is the pronunciation of the word
maçã which means “apple” Notice that “ç” is pronounced like an “s”

E– Words that end in E in
Brazilian Portuguese are pronounced as if the “e” were a double “e” in English.
So it sounds like an “I” in Spanish or Italian.

M– Words that end in “M” in
Brazilian Portuguese are pronounced as if the “M” were an “N”

O– Frequently Brazilians
will pronounce words that end in“O”as if it were a“U.”So,“americano”will sound like“americanU”.
This is not always done but you will hear it frequently.

Soccer (Futebol) Vocabulary:

(M) = masculine

(F) = Feminine

Futebol= soccer

CBF= Confederação Brasileira de
Futebol

Seleção= The Brazilian national
team

A Verde
e Amarela/ O Verde e Amarelo = You’ll see this
term in the masculine and feminine form depending on what it’s modifying. You could say “a camisa verde e
amarela” or “o time verde e amarelo.” Either way, this means
“The Green and Yellow.” This is a nickname for the Brazilian national team
because the jersey is green and yellow like the Brazilian flag, which is green
and yellow with a blue globe in the center showing the Southern constellations.

Futebol
arte– This is the real term for beautiful, attacking soccer.“Joga
bonito”is a
sentence. “Jogo” with an “O” means game or “I play, I am playing, I do play,
etc.” “Bonito”is technically an adjective in its
masculine form as opposed to an adverb.So,JOGA with an “A” does not
mean “game.” JOGO with an “O” means game.

Jogo
bonito= futebol arte. Unlike the Nike commercials which said “Joga bonito”
with an “A” on “jogo,” the real term other than futebol arte for attractive
attacking soccer is “JOGO BONITO” andNOT
“JOGA BONITO.”

Futebol de salão/futsal= Futsal. This is indoor soccer played with a specific ball, and it is an official
FIFA sport with its own rules, tournaments, and teams. Many of the Brazilian
greats started by playing futebol de salão. Such players include, Ronaldo,
Ronaldinho, and Robinho. Falcão is the best futsal player in the world, and he
is also considered the best ever.

Fazer um gol / marcar um gol= to score a goal. Fazer is the infinitive form of “to do or to make.” Fazer can be
translated as other things in Portuguese depending on context

Golaço = golazo

Golear= to score a lot of goals
on an opposing team. This verb also exist in Spanish.

Goleada= Beating an opposing team
by a bunch of goals. Scoring a ton of goals on an opposing team. 3-0, 4-0, etc

Porrada=Porrada is a
really bad physical beating of any kind. Porrada means “a beat down” or
“severe beating.” Porrada is technically a physical beating, but it also means
to beat a team really badly.A
“goleada” is a “porrada,” but a “porrada” is not necessarily a “goleada.” One
could say that a 5-0 loss for example was a goleada and a porrada.NOTE: PORRA is a cuss word in
Portuguese and also a medical term. If you want to know
what it means, you will be able to find it. I cannot write it here.

Tiro (pronounced Cheer-Oo/u) = shot (Not used as often as CHUTE)

Rede= net

balançar a rede= to score.Literally, “to shake / swing the net.”

Pegar
de primeira= to hit first time

Chutar
de fora da área= to shoot from outside the box

Passar
a bola= to pass the ball

Passe = pass

Cavadinha= chip

Correr– to run (Remember
this is pronounced “coh-hair” with the last r being a French “r”)

Perder– to lose

Vencer– to win

Errar= to miss

cartão
amarelo = yellow card

cartão vermelho = red card

Travessão = cross bar

Trave =upright,
vertical post

Cabeçada
=header

Derrubar= to knock down, take
down, push over, topple, etc

Atropelar= to run over

Marcar= to mark, guard

The
next four terms are interrelated and trace their origins to capoeira and/or
street life:

Malícia= guile, killer instinct.

“Themalíciawhich the capoeirista refers to is an
indispensable trait of the game of capoeira. In capoeira,malíciameans a mixture of shrewdness,
street-smarts, and wariness. It should not be confused with the English word
“malice”…The player who ismaliciosois able to dodge under an opponent’s
kick and prepare for a counterattack or a takedown before the assailant
finishes what he started.” (Capoeira, Nestor.The Little Capoeira Book.
Berkeley, California: North Atlantic Books. 1995. Page 33.)

Malandro= thug, bad ass

Malandragem= street smarts, cunning

Ginga= swagger, swing

Categoria= class, quality, skill

Bater a
lateral / Cobrar a lateral= throw in

De
primeira= first time kick, strike, hit, shot, etc. Kicked without controlling
the ball with an initial first touch.

Bater
pro gol= kick, strike, shoot, hit towards goal

Destaque= highlight

Destaques= highlights

Lance = highlight

Lances= highlights

Pau= post. This word
literally means stick, post, etc.“Pau”is not to be confused with“PÃO,” which
means bread. NOTE: THIS WORD, “PAU,”
IS ALSO SLANG FOR THE MALE SEXUAL ORGAN IN PORTUGUESE

Primeiro pau= near post

Segundo pau= far post

Área= penalty box

Pequena
área= six yard box or goalie box

Juiz(árbitro) = referee. Brazilians call the ref “juiz” which means judge. If
you look up the official FIFA rules in Portuguese, the rulebook will used the
word árbitro which is the same word used in Spanish for referee. Juiz is
the word used by Brazilian for referee. If anyone interested in Portuguese
watches highlights in Brazilian Portuguese you’ll hear the words in this list
and how they are pronounced. The most famous soccer commentator in Brazil is
Galvão Bueno.

Tempo normal= regular time

Prorrogação= extra time

Intervalo / meio-tempo= half time

Gandula= ball boy

Pontapé inicial= kick off

Uma cobrança de escanteio= corner kick

tiro de meta– goal kick

Uma cobrança de falta / tiro
livre= free kick

Pênalti= penalty kick (PK)

Linha
lateral= side line

Linha
de meta= goal line or end line

Bola
parada= dead ball ; set piece

Jogada
ensaiada= rehearsed set piece play

Entrada= tackle

Pontapé= kick hard

Cama de
gato– This is when a player under cuts a player in the air by bending at the
waist and making his or her back flat like a table. This is obviously a
foul.

Meia= midfielder (this word
literally means middle. Meia is the feminine form which is used for midfielder;
meio-tempo is halftime for instance).

NOTE: MEIASalso means“socks”

**Meia
(AGAIN)= “meia” is really more of an attacking midfielder than a “volante” which
is listed below. Meia means midfielder in general but it implies an attacking
midfielder. You will see “meia” written or said for attacking midfielders and
volante for holding or defensive midfielders.

Volante= holding or defensive
midfielder that plays in front of the defenders and links the defense with the
meias (midfielders). Literally, volante is a steering wheel.

Camisa
dez= the number 10 jersey. For Brazil, this the central attacking
midfielder that is the primary playmaker. Pelé wore number 10 even through he
was not really a traditional number 10. In addition to Pelé Zico, Raí, Ronaldinho,
Kaká, and many other greats wore the number 10 jersey. Ganso frequently wears
10 now for the Seleção unless Ronaldinho is playing. Kaká was never really a
true number 10 because Kaká’s game is more based on attacking defenders at pace
as opposed to being the primary playmaker or setting up a lot of goals.
That being said, Kaká is a fantastic passer. Diego Ribas da Cunha or simply
Diego wears number 10 for Brazil some when Ronaldinho, Kaká, and Ganso aren’t
playing.

Atacante= forward

Ponta-de-lança= lone striker (Portugal). This term is used in Portugal.

Centroavante= center forward

Artilheiro= Top goal scorer

Tricks:

Embaixadinha= juggling.

Pontinho= juggling(This word is used in Salvador
and Bahia state)

Dribles= dribbling tricks

Bicicleta= bicycle kick.NOTE: In Spanish, “bicicleta”
is a stepover and “la chilena” is a bicycle kick

Cobertura= this is when a player
chips the goalkeeper. Cobertura is a covering or an awning or cover, etc. Below
is a video of Ronaldo doing a cutback and then scoring a famous left footed
cobertura goal against Santos from the 2009 Paulistão. In the video, you’ll here
the announcer say, “cobertura.”

Elástico= This is the so-called flip-flap in English. I could
never bring myself to say flip-flap as it’s such a lame term. Elástico is
literally a rubber band in Portuguese. The trick gets this name because the
ball is hit with the outside of the foot to the side of the defender and then
immediately hit with the inside of the foot back to the inside of the defender
giving the impression that the ball is attached to the player’s foot with a
rubber band and snapping outside and in quickly. Ronaldo and Ronaldinho did
this trick frequently. Ronaldinho still does it. Neymar does it as well. If you
search online for elástico and Ronaldo or Ronaldinho you will see it in action.

Lambreta=
rainbow

Chapéu/Lençol= trick where you pop the ball right over the
defenders head and collect the ball again after the player has popped it over
the player’s head. Chapéu is a cap. The word comes from the French word
“chapeau.” This trick is giving the defender a “hat” or “cap” with the ball.
The “boné” is Portuguese is a baseball cap or hat. In the description of this
video, Diego Carvalho explains that he wrote “sombrero” so English speaking
soccer fans would recognize the trick from hearing it’s Spanish name, sombrero.
He goes on to explain that it’s called a chapéu in Brazil. Lençol is literally
a sheet as in a bed sheet.

Gol olímpico= a goal straight off a corner kick where the player
taking the corner kick kicks the ball straight into the goal without the ball
being touched or headed by one of his teammates. Ronaldinho is
famous for these.

Drible da vaca / meia-lua= this is the trick where
the player kicks the ball past the defender on one side of the defender’s body
and runs around the defender around the opposite side of his body from where
the the ball was kicked and recollects the ball downfield. Literally this means
“Cow’s dribble” or “half moon”

Gol de
Peixinho= this is a goal where the player dives and slides on his or her stomach
to head a ball into the goal instead of just kicking in an easy tap in.
Peixinho means fishy or little fish so the name gets its origin from the
appearance of sliding on the grass like a fish swimming. This is truly a
hilarious and insulting way to score on someone.