lundi 27 février 2017

This Morning I Read it's 77 and 68 Years of Radiocarbon

77 years, on the day, since Carbon 14 was discovered in 1940, and about 68 years since in 1949 the first radiocarbon actual datings were done. These then within Egyptology.

Carbon-14 was discovered on 27 February 1940, by Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben at the University of California Radiation Laboratory in Berkeley, California. Its existence had been suggested by Franz Kurie in 1934.

Libby and James Arnold proceeded to test the radiocarbon dating theory by analyzing samples with known ages. For example, two samples taken from the tombs of two Egyptian kings, Zoser and Sneferu, independently dated to 2625 BC plus or minus 75 years, were dated by radiocarbon measurement to an average of 2800 BC plus or minus 250 years. These results were published in Science in 1949.[8][9] Within 11 years of their announcement, more than 20 radiocarbon dating laboratories had been set up worldwide.

If Djoser had been dated by Cambridge halflife to 2800 BC in 1950, the remaining C-14 would have been 56.293 %. A full Cambridge half life is however further back.

However, as usual, this presumes that the C-14 content back then was c. 100% of the present value.

Also, the Libby date is off, so instead of 4750 years, 4892,5 years. 4892 years gives a content of 55.334 %.

Why is this important?

Well, Djoser, as well as Neferkasokar seem to be Joseph's pharao.

Look what I found on Famine Stela (which by the way as physical object is far later):

The Famine Stela is an inscription written in hieroglyphs located on Sehel Island in the Nile near Aswan in Egypt, which speaks of a seven-year period of drought and famine during the reign of the 3rd dynasty king Djoser. It is thought that the stela was inscribed during the Ptolemaic dynasty, which ruled 332–31 BC.

...

The story told on the stela is set in the 18th year of the reign of king Djoser. The text describes how the king is upset and worried, as the land of Egypt has been in the grip of a drought and famine for seven years, during which time the Nile has not flooded the farm lands. The text also describes how the Egyptian people are suffering as a result of the drought and that they are desperate and breaking the laws of the land. Djoser asks the priest staff under the supervision of high lector priest Imhotep for help. The king wants to know where Hapy (a river deity directly identified with the Nile) is born and which god resides at this place.

Imhotep decides to investigate the archives of the temple Hut-Ibety (“House of the nets”), located at Hermopolis and dedicated to the god Thoth.

...

At the time of first translating the stela, it was thought that the story of a seven-year-famine was connected to the biblical story in Genesis 41, where also a famine of seven years occurs. But more recent investigations have showed that a seven-year famine was a myth common to nearly all cultures of the Near East. A Mesopotamian legend also speaks of a seven-year-famine and in the well known Gilgamesh-Epos the god Anu gives a prophecy about a famine for seven years. A further Egyptian tale beside the Famine Stela about a long-lasting drought appears in the so-called “Book of the Temple”, translated by German Demotist Joachim Friedrich Quack. The ancient text reports about king Neferkasokar (late 2nd dynasty), who faces a seven-year-famine during his reign.

Neferkasokar (Ancient Egyptian Nefer-Ka-Seker; which means “beautiful soul of Sokar” or “the soul of Sokar is complete”) is the name of an Ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) who may have ruled in Egypt during the 2nd dynasty. Very little is known about him, since no contemporary records about him have been found. Rather his name has been found in later sources.

So, we cannot carbon date Neferkasokar differently than Djoser, we can rather assume he is a double of Djoser.

And of course, the seven year famine happened, and while Gilgamesh can't be dated as a person by it, the writing of the Gilgamesh poem could be in the time of Joseph or later.

Thus, assuming the c-14 measure Libby found was 55.334 % of present carbon 14 or 55.334 pmc (percent modern carbon), we can by conferring what date Joseph's famine was determine sth more on radiocarbon.

Abraham was born in 2015 BC, which is later than Djoser dates too, but Djoser ruled later than Abraham, in the time of Joseph.

Note : very many pharaos have not been carbon dated as to their coffin.

Note also, Imhotep may be a Pagan rationalisation of Joseph. Precisely as the Christians in Legio whatever the number Fulminatrix were rationalised into an Egyptian Magician, so as to not disturb the Paganism and persecution of Christians prevailing under Marcus Aurelius.

The location of Imhotep's self-constructed tomb was well hidden from the beginning and it remains unknown, despite efforts to find it.

So we cannot check "Imhotep" was buried as a Pagan. Was Joseph then by Pagans elevated to a false godhood? Very probable. Unless Joseph was Imhotep's apparently companion Hordadaf.

Djedefhor or Hordjedef was an ancient Egyptian prince of the 4th dynasty. His name means "Enduring Like Horus". ... Djedefhor was a son of Pharaoh Khufu and half-brother of pharaohs Djedefre and Khafre.