Abstract

A major goal in diabetes research is to find ways to enhance the mass and function of insulin secreting β-cells in the endocrine
pancreas to prevent and/or delay the onset or even reverse overt diabetes. In this Perspectives in Diabetes article, we highlight the contrast between the relatively large body of information that is available in regard to signaling
pathways, proteins, and mechanisms that together provide a road map for efforts to regenerate β-cells in rodents versus the
scant information in human β-cells. To reverse the state of ignorance regarding human β-cell signaling, we suggest a series
of questions for consideration by the scientific community to construct a human β-cell proliferation road map. The hope is
that the knowledge from the new studies will allow the community to move faster towards developing therapeutic approaches
to enhance human β-cell mass in the long-term goal of preventing and/or curing type 1 and type 2 diabetes.