Band Heterotopia and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: A Case Report

Heterotopia, referred to as a limited or common neuronal migration disorder, may manifest clinically with mild mental retardation, epileptic seizures, psychiatric symptoms, or systemic disorders. Approximately 90% of cases have drug-resistant epileptic seizures. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is an epileptic encephalopathy with cognitive impairment; it is treatment-resistant and has a poor prognosis, with multiple patterns of seizures and specific electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns. In this case, the brain imaging showed band heterotopy, an EEG 22.5 Hz spike wave, and multiple spike and fast rhythms. This case of a 17-year-old male patient with drug-resistant tonic, atonic, myoclonic, atypical absence seizures, and behavioral abnormalities who was diagnosed with LGS was presented to highlight the difficulty in treatment management.