Adrienne Rich Poems

Adrienne RichAdrienne Rich (born May 16, 1929 in Baltimore, Maryland) is an American
feminist, poet, teacher, and writer.
In 1951, the year she graduated from Radcliffe College,Adrienne Rich received
the Yale Series of Younger Poets prize, which led to the publication of her
first book, A Change of World. The contest judge for that year, poet W. H.
Auden, wrote an introduction to this volume, stating that the poems "are neatly
and modestly dressed, speak directly but do not mumble, respect their elders but
are not cowed by them, and do not tell fibs." The following year, she received a
Guggenheim Fellowship and traveled to Europe, then married [Harvard University]
economist Alfred H. Conrad in 1953. Two years later, she published her second
volume, The Diamond Cutters, yet it wasn't until her third volume, Snapshots of
a Daughter-in-Law, which appeared in 1963, that she gained national prominence,
in part because of the accomplishment of her lyric voice, mostly in free verse,
and in part because of her treatment of feminist-related themes.
In 1966, she moved with her family, which now included three sons, to New York
City, and became increasingly involved in the sociopolitical activism of the
day. Her husband took a teaching position at City College of New York. In 1968,
Adrienne also began teaching for the college as part of the SEEK writing, she
also maintained the position of lecturer and adjunct professor at both
Swarthmore College and Columbia University School of the Arts. Rich stayed on to
teach in the basic writing program at CUNY as directed by Mina Shaughnessy
through the early 1970s. Much of her interest in teaching basic writing, as with
her poetry at the time, was in the colliding political and social worlds at CUNY
with open enrollment program. Her books from this period, Necessities of Life
(1966), Leaflets (1969), and Will to Change (1971), reflect an evolving,
expanding sense of poetic form and social engagement. In 1969, she became
estranged from her husband, who committed suicide the following year. Rich
became active in the women's liberation movement from this point forward. In
1974, her collection Diving Into the Wreck received the National Book Award for
Poetry; Rich, however, refused the award individually, instead joining with two
other female poets to accept it on behalf of all silenced women.
Rich's radical feminist position crystallized in her self-declaration as a
lesbian, in 1976, the year she published her controversial but groundbreaking
volume Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution; the pamphlet
Twenty-One Love Poems (1977), which was incorporated into the following year's
Dream of a Common Language (1978), marks the first direct treatment of lesbian
desire and sexuality in her work. The subsequent A Wild Patience Has Taken Me
This Far (1981) and some of the late poems in The Fact of a Doorframe (2001)
represent the capstone of this philosophical and political position. During this
period, Rich also wrote a number of important essays, including "Compulsory
Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence," some of which were republished in On
Lies, Secrets and Silence: Selected Prose, 1966-1978 (1979).
Rich's poetry of the 1980s and 1990s cast a broader net, once again exploring
the themes of the late 1960s and early 1970s, but with greater acuteness and
range. The award-winning volume An Atlas of the Difficult World (1991) and Dark
Fields of the Republic (1995) in particular map out discursive spaces engaging
private and public histories, and offer powerful examples of ethically engaged,
socially committed lyric poetry.
Rich refused the National Medal of Arts in 1997 stating that "I could not accept
such an award from President Clinton or this White House because the very
meaning of art, as I understand it, is incompatible with the cynical politics of
this administration." Another quote from the same speech outlines her view of
poetry: "[Art] means nothing if it simply decorates the dinner table of the
power which holds it hostage."
As of 1999, Rich was living in Santa Cruz, California, with her partner,
novelist, poet and academic Michelle Cliff. The two have been living together
since 1976.
In February of 2003, Rich, along with other poets, in protest of the Iraq War,
refused to attend a White House symposium on "Poetry and the American Voice."
Among her many awards are the inaugural, 1986 Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize, the 1997
Wallace Stevens Award of the Academy of American Poets, the 2004 National Book
Critics Circle Award in Poetry for School Among the Ruins, and the 2006 National
Book Foundation (presenter of the National Book Awards) "Medal of Distinguished
Contribution to American Letters".