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Aβ 29-40, a C-terminal fragment of predominant Aβ 1-40, has physicochemical properties related to those of the fusion peptides of viral proteins. Aβ 29-40 can induce the fusion of liposomes in vitro. The apoE2 and apoE3 apolipoprotein isoforms are potent inhibitors of the fusogenic and aggregational properties of this peptide. Reciprocally this amyloid β-peptide interacts with apoE2 and apoE3 and decreases or disturbs their normal association with lipids. This domain of the amyloid β-protein could be critical for the amyloid-apoE interaction.