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Elsbett 4SOPEMaxE Line by Professor Günter Elsbett and Dr. Otto Daude, Germany 1 The Elsbett gas-exchange-system the path to max. efficiency The revolution of the internal-combustion engine technology 4-Stroke opposed-piston-engine and MaxE-Line Two new internal combustion engine-lines (World-Novelties)

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by Professor Günter Elsbett and Dr. Otto Daude, Germany 2 The revolution of the internal-combustion engine technology 4-Stroke opposed-piston-engine and MaxE-Line Two new internal combustion engine-lines (World-Novelties) The new engine concept presented here benefits from approved superior thermodynamic efficiency of opposed piston engines (without constraints and handicaps hitherto known for piston controlled gas exchange design). This design is replaced by a new one, which can also be used in exactly the same manner with conventional internal combustion engines. It allows flexible valve timing and compression ratio, as well as the use of all other application found to be advantageous technologies for engine optimization Additional functions / - benefits of the new engine concept for both engine lines OPE and MaxE (exclusively bound to both): 1.max. flexible hydraulically controlled gas exchange system provided with pistons running in movable sleeves 2.static / dynamic shift-change to 2- / 4- / multi-stroke drive mode 3.max. cross sections of valve orifice (minimisation of gas-flow losses) 4.sequential injection for homogeneous fuel mixture formation by several injection nozzles in cylinder wall with free jet alignment 5.the built-in flexibility for change of internal engine modification offers an alternative technology for a replacement of mechanically/hydraulically coupled control devices í.e. camshaft as conventional means for valve timing, injection system etc. via ECU (similar to “fly by wire”) offering significant savings with respect to investment and operational cost The Elsbett gas-exchange-system the path to max. efficiency

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The engine You see above is the operating prototype. If You are interested You can visit us and we can demonstrate You the working prototype. For terms please contact Dr. Otto Daude. Prototype The Elsbett gas-exchange-system by Professor Günter Elsbett and Dr. Otto Daude, Germany 3

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Elsbett 4SOPE: The engine presented is operated as 4-stroke-opposed-piston-engine (4S0PE) by arrangement of hydraulically shifted liners undisrupted by scavenging gaps. As a result the pistons with their rings are shielded against crossing any in- or outlet-ports. Some prototypes have already been tested successfully, demonstrating the function of shift-liners without problems and showing very low friction losses for the shift-liners. The wall thickness of these liners can be kept low - like conventional dry liners - as they are guided and supported by the surrounding cylinder material, leading to low oscillating liner masses during shifting. 4 Elsbett 4SOPE and MaxE – Line by Professor Günter Elsbett and Dr. Otto Daude, Germany

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The presented experimental-OPE was created to demonstrate the functions of the hydraulically shifted liners in a fired engine. These parts are mashined from single pieces of material. This OPE is running with a mechanical fuel injection system with pintle-nozzles and a simple governor. No ECU or emission treatment is applied. Data: Single-cyl., 4-stroke, NA, bore/stroke = 108/118mm, P = 35 kW at 1500 rpm and BSFC = 272 g/kWh (rated P, Diesel fuel). The Elsbett gas-exchange-system by Professor Günter Elsbett and Dr. Otto Daude, Germany 5 Prototype

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The in- and outlet ports are located near the pistons top dead centre area and are opened and closed by the upper end of the shift liners like sleeve-valves, which are closed by spring forces and opened by hydraulic actuation. Different to conventional combustion engines there are no distinct exhaust or intake pistons and the thermal load is nearly equally distributed on both pistons. The hydraulic system shares the lubrication oil with the engine, avoiding leakage problems and providing a simple oil circuit. Comparison of flow square area conventional multi-valve technique vs. OPE-design The Elsbett gas-exchange-system by Professor Günter Elsbett and Dr. Otto Daude, Germany 6

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Intake and exhaust in the middle of cylinder, therefore no hot or cold piston as in conventional OPE s. Principle and make of valve design for both engines offers same functions with very large scavenging areas and variable valve timing with simple means due to hydraulic actuation, though differently placed with regard to MaxE’s “cylinder head” housing the hydraulic piston for the variable compression ratio ” VCR”. A/F mixture by injection from „Hot to Cold“ towards combustion chamber walls, or alternatively injection from „Cold to Hot“ towards combustion chamber centre. Simple swirl creation, or variable swirl creation possible. Multi-fuel ability. Principally all advantages of conventional 4-stroke engine, without any disadvantages of 2-stroke engines; with regard to emission, oil consumption, cylinder filling, turbo charging, cooling and bmep. All known means for engine improvement (common rail, turbo-charging, exhaust after-treatment, etc.) can be applied as well. All types of fuel can be burned. Diesel, Gasoline, Methanol, Ethanol, H2, LPG, CNG, Biogas, SVO (straight vegetable oil). Main benefits of both Lines: by Professor Günter Elsbett and Dr. Otto Daude, Germany 8 The Elsbett gas-exchange-system

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Without question the Elsbett 4SOPE and the Maxe – Line soon – based on their exceptional advantages – will gain outstanding position within the general field of action of internal combustion engines, surely not predominantly to start in volume markets; more so with medium and big size engines and high annual service performance. Reduction of running costs, maintenance costs, enlarged endurance and more special location specific advantages such as steady-state operational behaviour and dynamic operational behaviour are at stake. Continuous running duty like in Power station, Gen sets, CHP, Pumps for irrigation, Oil- and Gas-Pipelines will mostly be better powered by Elsbett 4SOPE s, best tuned for max. efficient running costs. Same with big units with slow speed-ups, mostly continuous constant speed like big Ships or Vessel, Trams and Locomotives. Whereas the dynamic mode (Truck-, Bus-, and Car-driving, Motorbike and Range Extender) clearly stands for installation of MaxE with its individual Add-ons like VCR and Multi-stroke. But there are a lot of well to argument “in-betweens” to be decided on the very case of installation, like for instance the combined Diesel/Hydraulic – or Diesel/Electric Power-Drives and OFF-Road: Forklifts, Tractors, Agricultural Machines, Construction Machinery Military: Tanks, Jeeps, other Military Vehicle Aviation: Propeller aircrafts, Helicopters and Drones Preferred position of placing The Elsbett gas-exchange-system by Professor Günter Elsbett and Dr. Otto Daude, Germany 9

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10 MaxE - Line As only one piston is used for powering the engine, the second piston is providing a simple variable compression ratio system (VCR) when changing its position inside the shift-liner. Combustion engines with hydraulically controlled gas exchange transmission allow the change of 2-Stroke-, 4-Stroke and further Stroke-modes whilst running engine. the actuation may be realized without cam interaction by a mechanic distributor feeding hydraulic pressure to actuators according to necessary sequence of valve timing Alternatively this could be arranged for by solenoid valves, which by means of an electronic control unit (ECU) allows for optional valve timing and thus an enlarged number of stroke modes beyond 2- / 4-Stroke modes successive („Non active“) strokes without feed and ignition of fuel. During this interruption the gas exchange transmission may rest closed and used as a controlled valve system for pumping a gas volume. This may be used in numerous combination and variation to optimize engine’s characteristics (such as pumping exhaust gas and/or fresh air in a pressure tank which – as required and when – may be used for pressure charging (loading) and/or exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) The Elsbett gas-exchange-system