And the Hotfix solved the problem! So if you plan to use TwoWay binding between XElement objects and a ComboBox or ListBox get the Hotfix from Microsoft. According to the description the Hotfix should be included in a future software update. But in which update this fix will be included is not written there. So check the version numbers of the files listed in the description to see if you still need the Hotfix.

Note: According to the description installing the hotfix should not require a restart of the computer. But on the two Systems where we installed the Hotfix (one 32bit and one 64bit system) we had to restart both systems.