Santa Rosa is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, located at latitude 27º52'15" and longitude 54º28'53" at a height of 277 meters above sea level. It has an area of 488.42 km². Its estimated population is 68 595 (2010). It is known as the "National Cradle of Soybean".

Santa Rosa was created as a colony of European immigrants in 1915, mainly Germans and Russians. The German dialect traditionally spoken in the region is Riograndenser Hunsrückisch.

The city is the birthplace of the popular Brazilian celebrity Maria da Graça Meneghel known as Xuxa and Brazilian World Cup Winning Goalkeeper Cláudio Taffarel.