Kona coffee farmers Rancho Aloha, Kanalani Ohana Farm, and Smithfarms have filed a proposed class action lawsuit against a number of major retailers and wholesalers who are allegedly passing off “ordinary commodity coffee” as authentic coffee grown in the Kona District of Hawaii’s Big Island.

The 65-page complaint out of Washington federal court claims the defendants’ deceptive conduct has not only flooded the market with counterfeit Kona coffee products, which sharply drives down the price, but has also miseducated consumers as to the taste of true Kona coffee, which the plaintiffs argue leads them to “erroneously conclude that Kona coffee is nothing special.”

Alleging violations of the Lanham Act, the plaintiffs ask the court for monetary damages to cover lost profits and an injunction that prohibits the defendants from selling any coffee products falsely designated as originating from the Kona District.

What is Kona coffee? What’s so special about it?

The suit explains that true Kona coffee is grown on farms located in the 3,800-acre Kona District of the Big Island of Hawaii. In this region, the case says, the combination of volcanic soil, elevation, temperatures, humidity, sunshine, and proximity to the Pacific Ocean, among other factors, give Kona coffee its most recognizable characteristics, making it one of the rarest and most prized (and most costly) coffees in the world.

According to the lawsuit, Kona coffee beans are grown by between 600 and 1,000 farmers who are responsible for the roughly 2.7 million pounds of green Kona coffee produced each year. While that may seem like a lot of coffee, the case notes that approximately 20 billion pounds of green coffee are produced worldwide every year. In the simplest terms, the Kona District, the suit says, is responsible for “approximately 0.01% of worldwide coffee production,” all of which is to say genuine Kona coffee is no average cup of joe.

Given how rare authentic Kona coffee is, you can see why those who farm it would be up in arms after learning retailers and wholesalers are apparently trying to pass off regular ol’ coffee for the real thing, which brings us to the heart of the matter.

What does the lawsuit allege?

The crux of the lawsuit is that even though approximately 2.7 million pounds of authentic green Kona coffee are reportedly produced each year, more than 20 million pounds of coffee labeled as “Kona” are sold by retailers.

“That is physically impossible,” the suit reads, “someone is lying about the contents of their ‘Kona’ products.”

As the lawsuit tells it, the defendants’ conduct has for years had a ripple effect that’s stretched from the farms of Kona all the way to the average, not-so-discerning coffee drinker who’s presented with what he or she believes to be a slew of supposedly authentic Kona coffee in any number of stores. From the case:

First, the Defendants flood the market with what appears to be Kona coffee. This tremendous supply of counterfeit Kona coffee pushes prices down sharply. And that low pricing artificially restrains the profitability of legitimate Kona coffee farms. Second, the Defendants are selling run-of-the-mill commodity coffee and labeling it as Kona coffee. A consumer who tries that inferior product, thinking it is Kona coffee, will conclude that Kona coffee is not worth a premium price. That consumer will be unwilling to pay a premium price for Kona in the future.”

Lower pricing for true Kona coffee is obviously incredibly damaging to growers’ bottom lines, the plaintiffs argue, in no small part because the inherent nature of producing Kona coffee is expensive and requires significant labor. A marketplace full of fraudulent Kona products effectively forces proposed class members to sell authentic Kona products at depressed prices for no guarantee of profit, the suit says, while companies such as the defendants have the luxury of above-market profit margins and a wide customer reach.

How can anyone tell whether something is true Kona coffee?

To tell the difference between regular coffee and that produced in the Kona District, scientists must examine the concentration of key elements found in Kona coffee, the lawsuit states. The suit admits, however, that testing the concentrations of particular elements of coffee comes at significant expense. For that reason, the case says, Kona growers “have never before had access to this kind of evidence,” which has stacked the cards much higher in the fight to prove the so-called Kona coffee sold by the defendants is authentic.

Who does this lawsuit look to cover?

The lawsuit asks the court to certify a class comprised of anyone who commercially farmed and sold genuine Kona coffee.

Now, listen, we know what you’re thinking: Shoot, I don’t grow authentic Kona coffee considering I don’t live on a beautiful, idyllic Hawaiian island. Neither do we. But bear in mind, it’s by no means out of the realm of possibility that coffee drinkers who’ve been led to believe they’ve been consuming genuine Kona coffee when they’ve actually been drinking regular java eventually retain legal counsel over potentially false advertising claims.

The full lawsuit can be read below.

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