The bulk of my therapy training is in insight-oriented psychodynamic and psychoanalytically-informed psychotherapy for groups and individuals. Over time I have broadened my approach to include cognitive-behavioral techniques (particularly with depression and obsessive compulsive disorder) and have employed 12-step and harm reduction models when working with patients struggling with addictions of any kind. My choice of modality and approach depends on the patient’s particular problems and the most current practice guidelines, incorporating medication trials when and if needed, and then only with the patient’s full consent.