This task has been intiated through the development of essential plant habitat by the HPPRCC and CH designations, but needs to be refined for each species and its full recovery needs.

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

1

13

Ensure long-term protection of habitat

Ongoing Not Current

Prior to FY 1995

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners

Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation, Management: Predator and Competitor Control

Volunteer, Contract, Internal Field Assistance

Fencing is complete for Haleakala National Park, Kamakou Preserve, Waikamoi Preserve, and is partially complete for East Molokai, East Maui, and West Maui watershed partnerships; Pahole Natural Area Reserve.

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

1

1412

Evaluate the potential for eradication programs for control of ungulates

This task has been discontinued because the political climate in Hawaii at this time will not support island-wide eradication of nonnative ungulates, which are hunted for food.

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

1

142

Conduct alien plant control

Ongoing Not Current

FY 1995 - FY 1999

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners

Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation, Management: Predator and Competitor Control

Volunteer, Contract, Internal Field Assistance

Control of alien plants is an ongoing task that may be reduced to low maintenance and monitoring levels, but will never be completely eradicated, especially as new pest plant species are continually introduced to Hawaii and can become established in natural areas. Effective control methods are continually being developed by the Invasive Species Committees on each island and the results are applied to other natural areas.

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

1

143

Provide necessary fire protection

Ongoing Not Current

FY 1995 - FY 1999

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service

Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation

Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance

Fire management plans are in place for Puu Waawaa Sanctuary and DOD lands at Makua and Pohakuloa.

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

1

144

Control rodents, if necessary

Ongoing Not Current

FY 1995 - FY 1999

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service

Management: Predator and Competitor Control

Contract, Internal Technical Assistance, Internal Field Assistance

Rodent control is currently only conducted within the immediate vicinity of those species which are known to be impacted by rodents, including species of the genera Cyanea and Flueggea. Large-scale rodent control will not be possible until aerial pesticide application is registered for use in the state of Hawaii.

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

1

145

Propagate and maintain genetic stock of each taxon ex situ

Ongoing Not Current

Prior to FY 1995

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Botanical Gardens, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service

The existing ex situ collections are not genetically adequate with the exception of Cyanea grimesiana ssp. grimesiana - Lyon Arboretum mocropropagation lab has all existing clones for this taxa

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

1

146

Ensure availability of pollination vectors

Ongoing Not Current

FY 1995 - FY 1999

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service

Management: Other

Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance

For most species in this recovery plan, the pollinator still needs to be determined.

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

1

147

Protect areas from human disturbance

Ongoing Not Current

FY 1995 - FY 1999

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners

Management: Habitat Maintenance and Manipulation

Volunteer, Contract, Internal Field Assistance

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

1

148

Control insects and/or disease, if necessary

Not Started

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service

This task has not started because no insects or diseases have been identified as threats.

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

1

149

Control all other identified threats

Not Started

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service, Private landowners

Management: Predator and Competitor Control

Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance

Control of slugs and snails has been identified as a threat to recruitment of Cyanea ssp and research is ongoing for effective control methods. This task has not started for all species because additional threats have not been identified.

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

2

21

Select populations for expansion

Ongoing Not Current

FY 1995 - FY 1999

Other

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, Private landowners

This task is limited based on the material available in ex situ collections.

Recovery Plan for the Multi-Island Plants

F

1

Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (808) 792-9400

Mehamehame

Flueggea neowawraea

2

31

Collect diagnostic data on crucial associated ecosystem components

Ongoing Not Current

Prior to FY 1995

Other

Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division

Research: Habitat Requirements

Graduate Student, Species Expert, Contract, Internal Field Assistance

Critical habitat, and the suitable habitat from which critical habitat was derived, has been identified for all species in this recovery plan. Additional studies are needed to develop more precise microclimate needs for each species.

The current knowledge has been gathered mainly from incidental observations during propagation, field surveys, and monitoring. More detailed experimental research is needed to fully understand this aspect of the species.

The current knowledge has been gathered mainly from incidental observations during propagation, field surveys, and monitoring. More detailed experimental research is needed to fully understand this aspect of the species.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services Division, Botanical Gardens, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii, U.S. Department of Defense, National Park Service

This task is considered for any species with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the wild. The Oahu and Maui Nui GSN programs look for reintroduction sites to conduct small-scale management and reintroduction for such species on Molokai, Maui, Lanai, and Oahu.