Among the 1,514 lives lost were millionaires John Jacob Astor IV, Benjamin Guggenheim and Isa Strauss, all of whom were vocal opponents of the Federal Reserve Act.

In 1954, APRIL 15 became the deadline for filing Income Tax returns.

Originally,
Article I, Section 9 of the U.S. Constitution prohibited a direct Federal Income Tax on American citizens:

"No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken."

The Federal Government's revenue was derived from Excise Taxes on specific items like salt, tea, tobacco, etc., and Tariff Taxes on imports.

Prior to the Civil War, most tariff taxes were collected at Southern ports, like Charleston, South Carolina.

Tariffs made foreign goods more expensive, motivating people to buy domestically produced goods, made mostly in Northern factories.

The South had few factories, as its economy was based on agricultural crops, mostly cotton and rice, which unfortunately relied heavily on slave labor.

Thus, the tariff taxes that helped the North, hurt the South.

During the Civil War, Republican
President Abraham Lincoln passed an
emergency "Revenue" Income Tax to raise $750 million to help fund the Union.

It was repealed in 1873.

The first
non-emergency "peacetime" Income Tax was attempted in 1894, but the Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in
Pollock v Farmers' Loan.

Justice Stephen J. Field concurred:

"The income tax law under consideration ... is class legislation.

Whenever a distinction is made in the burdens a law imposes or in the benefits it confers on any citizens by reason of their birth, or wealth, or religion, it is class legislation, and leads inevitably to oppression and abuses ..."

Justice Field continued:

"It is the same in essential character as that of the English income statute of 1691, which taxed Protestants at a certain rate, Catholics, as a class, at double the rate of Protestants, and Jews at another and separate rate."

Industrialists helped bring about the greatest rise in the standard of living for the average person, with more goods at cheaper prices, than ever before in world history.

Industrialists then began to create monopolies, influence political parties and plot to gain control of the banking system.

Republican
President Theodore Roosevelt attempted to limit their power with an
inheritance tax.

Republican
President William Taft yielded to mounting public pressure to tax these rich industrialists by placing a 2 percent tax on corporate profits, as only the wealthiest owned corporate stock.

With World War I threatening, Democrat
President Woodrow Wilson naively thought there would be world peace if
tariff taxes between countries were eliminated.

Wilson proposed replacing the lost
tariff revenue with an
Income Tax on the wealthy.

This was passed in 1913 with the
16th Amendment.

World War I fighter Ace
Eddie Rickenbacker, who later was owner the Indianapolis Speedway and Eastern Airlines, wanted to repeal Woodrow Wilson's 16th Amendment Income Tax, stating:

"When
Woodrow Wilson told us of the evils of concentrated power, less than 9% of our entire national income was enough to keep all of the federal and local governments going ... (By 1960, taxes took) one third of all our earnings, and the Federal Government ... spent 70% of that ...

The entire gross income of every American is subject to complete Federal confiscation ..."

Rickenbacker continued:

"Every time the liberals discover a brand new misinterpretation of the Constitution, every time they invent a new way to circumvent the constitutional limits of the Federal power, they pile up more power in Washington at the expense of individual liberty across the land ...

Instead of advocating freedom, modern liberals were striving to pile up the power of government in Washington."

Originally, the Income Tax was a
one percent taxon the
top one percent richest people.

It was a type of
"soak-the-rich" tax only intended for industrialists such as Rockefeller, Carnegie, Vanderbilt, Fisk, Flagler, Gould, Harriman, Mellon, J.P. Morgan, and Schwab.

Industrialists strategically
avoided paying the Income Tax by transferring their assets into
tax-exempt charitable and educational foundations, such as the Rockefeller Foundation and Carnegie Foundation.

This tax-exempt category had previously been for churches, which historically were the providers of social welfare through their:

Churches also provided a significant social service by instilling morals and virtues into the nation's population.

This helped reduce crime, child abuse, broken homes, derelicts, and other social ills, which, since the relinquishing of these responsibility to government, have become an immense financial burden on taxpayers, being, in many cases, the largest items on State budgets.

In 1942, with World War II, Democrat
President Franklin Roosevelt increased and expanded the Federal Income Tax with "the greatest tax bill in American history," even instituting paycheck withholding.

"I have asked the secretary of the treasury to report on whether present tax laws may be stimulating in undue amounts the flow of American capital to the industrial countries abroad."

Kennedy told Congress, April 20, 1961:

"In those countries where income taxes are lower than in the United States,

the ability to defer the payment of U.S. tax by retaining income in the subsidiary companies provides a tax advantage for companies operating through overseas subsidiaries that is not available to companies operating solely in the United States."

To remedy this, Democrat
President John F. Kennedy proposed a stimulus plan of lowering taxes across-the-board, as he stated September 18, 1963:

"A tax cut means higher family income and higher business profits and a balanced Federal budget.

Every taxpayer and his family will have more money left over after taxes for a new car, a new home, new conveniences, education, and investment.

Every businessman can keep a higher percentage of his profits in his cash register or put it to work expanding or improving his business, and as the national income grows, the Federal Government will ultimately end up with more revenues."

Kennedy stated January 17, 1963:

"Lower rates of taxation will stimulate economic activity and so raise the levels of personal and corporate income as to yield within a few years an increased - not a reduced - flow of revenues to the federal government."

"It is a paradoxical truth that tax rates are too high and tax revenues are too low and the soundest way to raise the revenues in the long run is to cut the rates now ...

Cutting taxes now is not to incur a budget deficit, but to achieve the more prosperous, expanding economy which can bring a budget surplus."

John F. Kennedy stated in his Annual Message, January 21, 1963:

"In today's economy, fiscal prudence and responsibility call for tax reduction even if it temporarily enlarges the Federal deficit - why reducing taxes is the best way open to us to increase revenues ...

It is no contradiction - the most important single thing we can do to stimulate investment in today's economy is to raise consumption by major reduction of individual income tax rates."

JFK mentioned in his Message to Congress on Tax Reduction, January 24, 1963:

"Our tax system still siphons out of the private economy too large a share of personal and business purchasing power and reduces the incentive for risk, investment and effort-thereby aborting our recoveries and stifling our national growth rate."

Whereas
Kennedy wanted to reduce taxes to stimulate the economy, economist
John Maynard Keynes had proposed stimulating the economy by going in debt.

John Maynard Keynes reasoned that if the government went in debt spending money in the private sector to create jobs, those jobs would pay taxes and pay off the debt.

Unfortunately, politicians were tempted to continually increase debt in order to funnel money to their districts and constituencies to help them get reelected, hoping the next Congress would be responsible and pay it off.

James Buchanan, Jr., received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1986, for his examination of how politicians make economic policy decisions.

He discovered politicians tend to vote to increase debt so they can funnel money to their districts, as this will help their reelection - but they will not vote for corresponding tax increases to pay for it - as this will hurt their reelection.

He indicated that, rather than being disinterested public servants, most career bureaucrats are primary interested in getting re-elected.

The
Keynesian debt-stimulated economy has resulted in an unsustainable $21 trillion U.S. National Debt.

On the other side of the world,
Vladimir Lenin's plan to institute socialism included eliminating business owners, called "bourgeoisie":

"The way to crush the bourgeoisie is to grind them between the millstones of
taxation and inflation."

"What they don't tell us when they propose all these benefits that they are going to give you from our Government ... that
a government big enough to give us everything we want is a government big enough to take from us everything we have."

Albert Einstein's accountant, Leo Mattersdorf of New York wrote
(TIME Magazine, 1963):

"One year while I was at his Princeton home preparing his return, Mrs. Einstein, who was then still living, asked me to stay for lunch.

During the course of the meal, the professor (Einstein) turned to me and with his inimitable chuckle said: 'The hardest thing in the world to understand is income taxes.'"

After the 1917
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, Communist labor organizers, community organizers, agitators, and agent provocateurs (provoking agents) infiltrated other countries, including the United States.

They utilized the tactic of psychological projection or "blame-shifting" where the attacker blames the victim.

Sigmund Freud wrote in
Case Histories II (PFL 9, p. 132) of "psychological projection" where humans resort to the defensive mechanism of denying in themselves the existence of unpleasant behavior while attributing that exact behavior to others.

A rude person constantly accuses others of being rude.
Marx is attributed with the phrase "Accuse the victim of what you do" or "Accuse your opponent of what you are guilty of."

If you are lying, accuse your opponent it.
If you are racist, accuse your opponent it.
If you are sexually immoral, accuse your opponent it.
If you are engaging in voter fraud, accuse your opponent it.
If you are disseminating "fake news", accuse your opponent of spreading it.
If you are receiving millions from globalist and Hollywood elites, accuse your opponent of being controlled by the rich.

Political advisor David Axelrod verbalized this Machiavellian tactic in an NPR interview, April 19, 2010:

"In Chicago, there was an old tradition of throwing a brick through your own campaign office window, and then calling a press conference to say that you've been attacked."

Agitating groups formed tax-exempt educational foundations to fundamentally change the government by instigating a workers' revolution.

Naive individuals recruited to join their ranks were referred to by
Lenin as "useful idiots."

In 1917,
Roger Baldwin founded a tax-exempt organization to defend those who opposed World War I and were accused of being Communist agitators. It was renamed the ACLU.

In 1921,
Margaret Sanger founded the tax-exempt organization to eliminate "human weeds" and promote racial "purification." It was renamed Planned Parenthood.

The growth of tax-exempt organizations advocating change resulted in the Congress attempting to limit what tax-exempt organizations could do politically.

Commenting on the increased size of government and tax burden,
President Ronald Reagan remarked at the National Space Club Luncheon, March 29, 1985:

"Personally, I like space. The higher you go, the smaller the Federal Government looks."