How to play?

It will be better to know the classic chess rules to start playing ThreeChess but it's never to late to learn how to play chess - the most popular game in the world! If you are totally new to the game or even want to learn all of the rules and strategies, read on! In this document we'll try to introduce you the game from the beginning.

History of ThreeChess

The origins of chess are not exactly clear, though most believe it evolved from earlier chess-like games played in India almost two thousand years ago. The game of chess we know today has been around since the 15th century where it became popular in Europe.

Same is the history of the three player chess. The game Sanguoqi, 三 國棋 Three Kingdoms Chess, is a Xiangqi variant for three players, mentioned in H.J.R. Murray's book "A History of Chess" on pp 133-134. He cited von Möllendorf who wrote an article in German, titled "Schachspiel der Chinesen", in 1876. This original work is available here. One century after, in 1972 Robert Zubrin invented three player chess and started selling the board game over the U.S.A. It is also quite popular game in Europe and is being sold in some countries. In 2010 we created the FIRST ONLINE variant of the chess for three players and named it ThreeChess. It is available on www.ThreeChess.com.

The Goal of ThreeChess

ThreeChess is a game played between three opponents on hexagonal shaped board containing 96 squares of alternating colors. Each player has 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2 bishops, 2 knights, and 8 pawns. The game is played in Free for All mode, where every player plays for himself. The goal of the game is to take one of the other two kings. Check is when the king is in danger. Checkmate happens when the king is in a position to be captured (in check) and cannot escape from capture. The first who CAPTURES one anothers KING is the WINNER. This is the little difference in ThreeChess that makes the game interesting and challenging. Checkmate is not enough as in classic chess, you should take the king. When a player is in a checkmate possitiion he looses his turn. And if somehow he is freed up, he can move again.

Starting a Game

At the beginning of the game the chessboard is laid out so that each player has the white (or light) color square in the bottom right-hand side. The chess pieces are then arranged the same way each time. The second row (or rank) is filled with pawns. The rooks go in the corners, then the knights next to them, followed by the bishops, and finally the queen, who always goes on your left square, and the king on the remaining right square.

The player with the white pieces always moves first. Therefore, players generally decide who will get to be white by chance or luck such as flipping a coin or having one player guess the color of the hidden pawn in the other player's hand. White then makes a move, followed by green, then black, then white again and so on until the end of the game.

How the ThreeChess Pieces Move

Each of the 6 different kinds of pieces moves differently. Pieces cannot move through other pieces (though the knight can jump over other pieces), and can never move onto a square with one of their own pieces. However, they can be moved to take the place of an opponent's piece which is then captured. Pieces are generally moved into positions where they can capture other pieces (by landing on their square and then replacing them), defend their own pieces in case of capture, or control important squares in the game. On the following examplesred circles show the figures that can be taken, green - where the figure can move and purple - which figures block your way.

The king is the most important piece, but is one of the weakest. The king can only move one square in any direction - up, down, to the sides, and diagonally. The king may never move himself into check (where he could be captured).

The queen is the most powerful piece. If moved she can move in any one straight direction - forward, backward, sideways, or diagonally - as far as possible as long as she does not move through any of her own pieces. And, like with all pieces, if the queen captures an opponent's piece her move is over..

The rook may move as far as it wants, but only forward, backward, and to the sides. The rooks are particularly powerful pieces when they are protecting each other and working together!

The bishop may move as far as it wants, but only diagonally. Each bishop starts on one color (light or dark) and must always stay on that color. Bishops work well together because they cover up each other’s weaknesses.

Knights move in a very different way from the other pieces – going two squares in one direction, and then one more move at a 90 degree angle, just like the shape of an “L”. Knights are also the only pieces that can move over other pieces.

Pawns are unusual because they move and capture in different ways: they move forward, but capture diagonally. Pawns can only move forward one square at a time, except for their very first move when they can move forward two squares. Pawns can only capture one square diagonally in front of them. They can never move or capture backwards. If there is another piece directly in front of a pawn he cannot move past or capture that piece.

Special Rules

Promotion

Pawns have another special ability and that is that if a pawn reaches the other side of the board it can become any other chess piece (called promotion). A pawn may be promoted to any piece (except pawn of course :) ). [NOTE: A common misconception is that pawns may only be exchanged for a piece that has been captured. That is NOT true.] A pawn is usually promoted to a queen. Only pawns may be promoted.

En Passant

The last rule about pawns is called “en passant,” which is French basically means “in passing”. If a pawn moves out two squares on its first move, and by doing so lands to the side of an opponent’s pawn (effectively jumping past the other pawn’s ability to capture it), that other pawn has the option of capturing the first pawn as it passes by. This special move must be done immediately after the first pawn has moved past, otherwise the option to capture it is no longer available.

Castling

One other special rule is called castling. This move allows you to do two important things all in one move: get your king to safety (hopefully), and get your rook out of the corner and into the game. On a player’s turn he may move his king two squares over to one side and then move the rook from that side’s corner to right next to the king on the opposite side. In order to castle, however, it must meet the following conditions:

it must be that king’s very first move

it must be that rook’s very first move

there cannot be any pieces between the king and rook to move

the king may not be in check or pass through check

Notice that when you castle one direction the king is closer to the side of the board. Here is also a little bit different from classic chess, people who are familiar will notice it. That is called rightside . Castling to the other side, through where the queen sat, is called castling leftside. Regardless of which side, the king always moves only two squares when castling.

Check, Checkmate and CAPTURE

As stated before, the purpose of the game is to capture opponent’s king. This happens when the king is put into check and cannot get out of check. There are only three ways a king can get out of check: move out of the way (though he cannot castle!), block the check with another piece, or capture the piece threatening the king. If a king cannot escape checkmate then you miss your turn and wait. It is also possible the other player to save you. The chance to do it is big, because only the player who capture the king is winner. If not so, the king is captured and the game is simply declared over. The player who captured the king is the winner.

Draw

Occasionally chess games do not end with a winner, but with a draw. There are 5 reasons why a chess game may end in a draw:

The position reaches a stalemate where it is one player’s turn to move, but his king is NOT in check and yet he does not have another legal move

The players may simply agree to a draw and stop playing

There are not enough pieces on the board to force a checkmate (example: a king and a bishop vs. 2 kings)

A player declares a draw if the same exact position is repeated three times (though not necessarily three times in a row)

Fifty consecutive moves have been played where neither player has moved a pawn or captured a piece.

Introduction to Clocks and Timers

Most games use timers to regulate the time spent on each game, not on each move. Each player gets the same amount of time to use for their entire game and can decide how to spend that time. Once a player makes a move they then touch a button or hit a lever to start the opponent’s clock. If a player runs out of time and the opponent calls the time, then the player who ran out of time loses the game (unless the opponent does not have enough pieces to checkmate, in which case it is a draw).

Basic Strategy

There are four simple things that every chess player should know:

#1 Protect your king

Get your king to the corner of the board where he is usually safer. Don’t put off castling. You should usually castle as quickly as possible. Remember, it doesn’t matter how close you are to checkmating your opponent if your own king is checkmated first!

#2 Don’t give pieces away

Don’t carelessly lose your pieces! Each piece is valuable and you can’t win a game without pieces to checkmate. There is an easy system that most players use to keep track of the relative value of each chess piece:

A pawn is worth 1

A knight is worth 3

A bishop is worth 3

A rook is worth 5

A queen is worth 9

The king is infinitely valuable

At the end of the game these points don’t mean anything – it is simply a system you can use to make decisions while playing, helping you know when to capture, exchange, or make other moves.

#3 Control the center

You should try and control the center of the board with your pieces and pawns. If you control the center, you will have more room to move your pieces and will make it harder for your opponent to find good squares for his pieces.

#4 Use all of your pieces

Your pieces don’t do any good when they are sitting back on the first row. Try and develop all of your pieces so that you have more to use when you attack the king. Using one or two pieces to attack will not work against any decent opponent.

Getting Better at Chess

Knowing the rules and basic strategies is only the beginning - there is so much to learn in chess that you can never learn it all in a lifetime! To improve you need to do three things:

#1 – Play

Just keep playing! Play as much as possible. You should learn from each game – those you win and those you lose.

#2 – Study

If you really want to improve quickly then pick up a recommended chess book and learn strategies from there. It is different because ThreeChess is different game, but it will be very useful for sure.

#3 Have fun

Don’t get discouraged if you don’t win all of your games right away. Everyone loses – even world champions. As long as you continue to have fun and learn from the games you lose then you can enjoy ThreeChess forever!