ABSTRACT. This chapter provides a critical overview of ten central
arguments that philosophers have given in support of a distinction between the
conceptual and the nonconceptual. We use these arguments to examine the
question of whether (and in what sense) perceptual states might be deemed
nonconceptual and also whether (and in what sense) animals and infants might be
deemed to lack concepts. We argue that philosophers have implicitly relied on a
wide variety of different ways to draw the conceptual/nonconceptual distinction
and that all ten of the arguments we discuss face considerable difficulties.