4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.
4.由于苯酚對人體帶有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被當作常用的防腐劑了。

5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.
5.任何盈利組織若要生存，最終都必須生產出消費者可用或需要的產品。

6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
6.一個地方的人口越多，其對水，交通和垃圾處理的需求就會越大。

7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning.
7.簡明，直接，有力的寫作難于花哨，含混而意義模糊的表達。

8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
8.隨著現代辦公室的日益自動化，設計師們正試圖利用較為溫暖而不太嚴肅的內部裝飾來使其具有親切感。

9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.
9.誹謗和流言的區別在于前者是書面的，而后者是口頭的。

10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
10.膝蓋是大腿骨和小腿脛的連接處。

11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
11.酸是一種化合物，它在溶于水時具有強烈的氣味和對金屬的腐蝕性，並且能夠使某些藍色植物染料變紅。

12. Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs.
12. Billie Holiday’s作為一個爵士布魯斯樂杰出歌手的名聲建立在能夠賦予歌曲感情深度的能力。

13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.
13.理論在本質上是對認識了的現實的一種抽象和符號化的表達。

14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
14.兒童在能說或能聽懂語言之前，很久就會通過面部表情和靠發出噪聲來與人交流了。

15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but cacti and sagebrush could live.
15.受當代灌溉(技術設施)之賜，農作物在原來只有仙人掌和蕎屬科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生長。

16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.
16.機械計時器的發展促使人們尋求更精確的日晷，以便校准機械計時器。

17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
17.人類學是一門科學，因為人類學家采用一整套強有力的方法和技術來記錄觀測結果，而這樣記錄下來的觀測結果是供他人核查的。

18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.
18.真菌在腐化過程中十分重要，而腐化過程將化學物質回饋于土壤，提高其肥力，並分解動物糞便。

19. When it is struck, a tuning fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch over a long period of time.
19.音叉被敲擊時，產生几乎純質的音調，其音量經久不衰。

20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.
20.雖然美洲山河桃樹最集中于美國的東南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利諾州也能看見它們。

21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.
21.用怪罪別人的辦法來解決問題通常被稱為尋找替罪羊。

22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
22.一個國家的主要食物是什麼，大體取決于什麼作物在其天氣和土壤條件下生長得最好。

23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
23.在大量的實驗中，某一事件發生的几率等于它不發生的几率。

24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
24.大多數物質遇冷收縮，所以他們的密度在固態時高于液態。

25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
25.大腦細胞儲存記憶的機理並不為人明白。

26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
26.到了二十一世紀中葉，美國畫家和雕塑家開始在世界范圍內對藝術產生重大影響。

27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.
27.伊麗莎白市，一個重要的航運和制造業中心，坐落于新澤西州的東部。

28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
28. Elizabeth Blackwell，美國第一個女醫生，創建了員工一直為女性紐約診所。

29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
29. Alexander Graham Bell曾告訴家人，他更願意讓后人記住他是聾子的老師，而非電話的發明者。

30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.

30.采摘下的迷迭香樹葉常綠不衰，因此人們把迷迭香樹與懷念聯系在一起。

31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
31.骨頭看起來是脆硬的，但它也有一定的彈性，使得骨骼能夠承受相當的打擊。

32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
32.科學家曾相信：氙氣是不能形成化合物的。

33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
33.對風暴動力學的研究是為了提高風暴預測從而減少損失，避免人員傷亡。

34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.
34.消除通貨膨脹應確保還貸的錢應與所貸款的價值相同。

35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
35.未來主義，二十世紀早期的一個藝術思潮。拒絕一切傳統，試圖通過強調機械和動態來美化生活。

36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
36. Everglades是美國境內最為荒涼和人跡罕至的地區之一，此處有大量的野生動植物而且大多受(法律)保護。

37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
37. Lucretia Mott’s的影響巨大，所以一些權威部門認定她為美國女權運動的創始人。

38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
38.國際市場研究者的活動范圍常常較國內市場研究者廣闊。

39. The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.
39.大陸分水嶺是指北美洛磯山脈上的一道想象線，該線把大西洋流域和太平洋流域區分開來。

40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
40.對地球引力的研究表明，在不尋常的負荷之下地殼和地幔會發生位移。

41. The annual worth of Utah’s manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming combined.
41.尤它州制造業的年產值大于其工業和農業的總和。

42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.
42.牆花之所以叫牆花，是因為其脆弱的枝干經常要靠牆壁或順石崖生長，以便有所依附。

43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.
43.社會心理學的主要焦點是人與人之間的交往，而不是他們各自生活中的事件。

44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams’ enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.
44.給美國的新移民增加教育設施比任何社會運動都更多的激發了Elizabeth Williams的熱情。

45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.
45.典型的鵪鶉都長有短而圓的翅膀，憑此他們可以在受驚時一躍而起，飛離它們的躲藏地。

46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.
46.根據人類學家的說法，直立行走的人的鼻祖面部輪廓與黑猩猩相似，額頭后傾，眉毛突出。

47. Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
47.直到1866年第一條橫跨大西洋的電纜才完全成功的架通。

48. In his writing, John Crowe Ransom describes what he considers the spiritual barrenness of society brought about by science and technology.
48. John Crowe Ransom在他的著作中描述了他認為是由科學技術給社會帶來的精神貧困。

49. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
49.父母的教導如果堅定，始終如一和理性，孩子就有可能充滿自信。

50. The ancient Hopewell people of North America probably cultivated corn and other crops, but hunting and gathering were still of critical importance in their economy.
50.北美遠古的Hopewell人很可能種植了玉米和其他農作物，但打獵和采集對他們的經濟貿易仍是至關重要的