West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Errors in Mammography Cannot be Solved Through Technology Alone291301ENErnest UsangEkpoDiscipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.ernest.ekpo@sydney.edu.auMaramAlakhrasDiscipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.maram.alakhras@sydney.edu.auPatrickBrennanDiscipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.patrick.brennan@sydney.edu.au10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.291 Mammography has been the frontline screening tool for breast cancer for decades. However, high error rates in the form of false negatives (FNs) and false positives (FPs) have persisted despite technological improvements. Radiologists still miss between 10% and 30% of cancers while 80% of woman recalled for additional views have normal outcomes, with 40% of biopsied lesions being benign. Research show that the majority of cancers missed is actually visible and looked at, but either go unnoticed or are deemed to be benign. Causal agents for these errors include human related characteristics resulting in contributory search, perception and decision-making behaviours. Technical, patient and lesion factors are also important relating to positioning, compression, patient size, breast density and presence of breast implants as well as the nature and subtype of the cancer itself, where features such as architectural distortion and triple-negative cancers remain challenging to detect on screening. A better understanding of these causal agents as well as the adoption of technological and educational interventions, which audits reader performance and provide immediate perceptual feedback, should help. This paper reviews the current status of our knowledge around error rates in mammography and explores the factors impacting it. It also presents potential solutions for maximizing diagnostic efficacy thus benefiting the millions of women who undergo this procedure each year. Mammography,Radiographic Image Interpretation,cancer detection,Diagnostic Imaging,Radiological errorshttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55154.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55154_b69fdaa8fe977345e4ba0e9076419be6.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Hybrid SPECT/CT Imaging in the Management of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma303308ENNajeebAhmedDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom.najeeb.ahmed@hey.nhs.ukKashifNiyazDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Fujairah Hospital, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates.kashis33@yahoo.comAdityaBorakati0000-0003-0457-4944Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom.a.borakati@gmail.comFahadMarafiDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Kuwait.fahadmarafi@yahoo.comRubinderBirkDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Hull and East Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom.rubinder.birk@hey.nhs.ukSharjeelUsmaniDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Kuwait.dr_shajji@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.303Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a good prognosis overall; however, lifelong follow-up is required formany cases. Radioiodine planar imaging with iodine-123 (123I) or radioiodine-131 (131I) remains the standard inthe follow-up after initial surgery and ablation of residual thyroid tissue using 131I therapy. Radioiodine imaging isalso used in risk-stratifying and for staging of thyroid cancer, and in long-term follow-up. Unfortunately, the lackof anatomical detail on planar gamma camera imaging and superimposition of areas presenting with increased radioiodineuptake can make accurate diagnosis and localization of radioiodine-avid metastatic disease challenging, leading to falsepositive results and potentially to over-treatment of patients. Hybrid SPECT/CT allows precise anatomical localizationand superior characterization of foci of increased tracer uptake when compared to planar imaging. This, in turn, allowsthe differentiation pathological and physiological uptake, increasing the accuracy of image interpretation and ultimatelyimproving the accuracy of DTC staging and subsequent patient management. In this review, we look at the unique andemerging role that SPECT/CT plays in the management of DTC, illustrated by examples from our own clinical practice.Differentiated thyroid cancer,Hybrid imaging,SPECT/CThttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57470.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57470_7ce2a30ae39fe9c3e6abb64c139f332d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201The Complementary Role of Imaging and Tumor Biomarkers in Gynecological Cancers: An Update of the Literature309317ENEmanuelaAnastasiDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy.emanuela.anastasi@uniroma1.itSilviaGigliDepartment of Radiology, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy.silvia.gigli@uniroma1.itLauraBallesioDepartment of Radiology, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy.laura.ballesio@uniroma1.itAntonioAngeloniDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy.antonio.angeloni@uniroma1.itLuciaManganaroDepartment of Radiology, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Roma, Italy.lucia.manganaro@uniroma1.it10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.309Gynecological tumors, including endometrial, cervical and ovarian cancer, have increased in incidence overtime. The widespread introduction of screening programs and advances in diagnostic imaging methods has lead to aprogressive increase in gynecological cancer detection. Accurate diagnosis and proper monitoring of disease remainthe primary target for a successful treatment. In the last years, knowledge about cancer biomarkers has considerablyincreased providing great opportunities for improving cancer detection and treatment. In addition, in the last few yearsthere has been an important development of imaging techniques. Nowadays, a multimodal approach including theevaluation of serum tumor biomarkers combined with imaging techniques, seems to be the best strategy for assessingtumor presence, spread, recurrence, and/or the response to treatment in female cancer patients In this review we providean overview of the application of biomarkers combined with novel imaging methods and highlight their roles in femalecancer diagnosis and follow-up.Tumor markers,Imaging,endometrial cancer,Ovarian cancer,Cervical Cancerhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56040.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56040_3bf85b3750f4a0a60043baaeff5d5b8f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Cervical Cancer Prevalence, Incidence and Mortality in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review319324ENAamod DhojShresthaNepal Development Society, Chitwan, Nepal.aamod.shrestha@gmail.comDineshNeupane1Nepal Development Society, Chitwan, Nepal .|Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.neupane.dinesh@gmail.comPeterVedsted3Research Unit for General Practice, Department of Public Health, Bartholins Alle 2, 1260, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.p.vedsted@ph.au.dkPerKallestrupCenter for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Bartholins Alle 2, 1260, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.per.kallestrup@ph.au.dk10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.319Introduction: Cervical cancer rates vary across the world, being highest in Eastern Africa (including Zimbabwe) andlowest in Western Asia. It is the second most common type of cancer in women in the South East Asia region and amajor cause of cancer deaths among women of low and middle income countries (LMICs) like Nepal. This reviewis an attempt to make a comprehensive report of prevalence, incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in LMICs.Methods: The review was conducted applying a computerized search with the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) majortopics “Cervical Cancer”, “Cervical neoplasm” “Epidemiology”, (“prevalence” OR “incidence” OR “mortality”) and“HPV” OR “Human papillomavirus” as MeSH subheading. The search limits were: language (“English”), LMICs,dates (articles published from “1st January 2000 to 31st December 2015”), and species (“Humans”). The search wassupplemented by cross-referencing. Publications that met the inclusion criteria were included in the synthesis. Results:Among the 20 studies reviewed; seven were from Africa, seven from Asia, three from South America, and one eachfrom North America, Europe and Oceania. The review found the highest reported age standardized incidence rate as17.9/100,000/year in Zimbabwe in 2000 and the lowest as 0.11/100,000/year in China in 2006. One study of Nigeriarevealed a cervical cancer prevalence of 5.0 per 1,000 in 2012 in the 25-64 year age group. Further, the highest reportedage standardized mortality rate was 16/100,000/year in India in 2015 and the lowest 1.8/100,000/year in Colombia in2013. In addition, coitarche, tobacco smoking, number of sexual partners and family history of cervical cancer werereported as significant risk factors. Conclusion: The study provides a review of reported prevalence, incidence andmortality of cervical cancer in LMICs from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2015. The scarcity of informationreveals a substantial need for further studies on cervical cancer prevalence, incidence and mortality with associatedrisk factors in LMICs.Cervical Cancer,Epidemiology,Low and middle income countrieshttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56041.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56041_3f063de9385ed5e81f5bed4e211addd2.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Prognostic Value of RUNX1 Mutations in AML: A Meta-Analysis325329ENMahdiJaliliHematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.postgraduate_m64@yahoo.comMarjanYaghmaieHematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.postgraduat_m64@yahoo.comMohammadAhmadvandHematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.mahmadvand@sina.tums.ac.irKamranAlimoghadamHematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ki_alimogh@yahoo.comSeyed AsadollahMousaviHematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.post_m64@yahoo.comMohammadVaeziHematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.mohammad.vaezi808@gmail.comArdeshirGhavamzadehHematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ardeshirghavamzadeh1971@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.325 The RUNX1 (AML1) gene is a relatively infrequent mutational target in cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Previous work indicated that RUNX1 mutations can have pathological and prognostic implications. To evaluate prognostic value, we conducted a meta-analysis of 4 previous published works with data for survival according to RUNX1 mutation status. Pooled hazard ratios for overall survival and disease-free survival were 1.55 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–2.15; p-value = 0.01) and 1.76 (95% CI = 1.24–2.52; p-value = 0.002), respectively, for cases positive for RUNX1 mutations. This evidence supports clinical implications of RUNX1 mutations in the development and progression of AML cases and points to the possibility of a distinct category within the newer WHO classification. Though it must be kept in mind that the present work was based on data extracted from observational studies, the findings suggest that the RUNX1 status can contribute to risk-stratification and decision-making in management of AML. Acute myeloid leukemia,AML1/RUNX1 mutation,prognosis,Meta-analysishttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55157.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55157_9dc1dee582c51ebf6ea3c1a91dc9fdfe.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Cd20 Expression and Effects on Outcome of Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma after Treatment with Rituximab331335ENAfshan AsgharRasheedDepartment of Oncology, Section of Medical Oncology, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.drafshanrasheed@yahoo.comAdeelSamadSind Institute of Urology, Karachi,
Pakistan.AhmedRaheemDepartment of Oncology, Section of Medical Oncology, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.Samina IsmailHiraniSind Institute of Urology, Karachi,
Pakistan.MuniraShabbir- MoosajeeDepartment of Oncology, Section of Medical Oncology, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.munira.moosaje@aku.edu10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.331Introduction: Down regulation of CD20 expression has been reported in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)).Therefore, it is important to determine whether chemotherapy with rituximab induces CD20 down regulation and effectssurvival. Objectives: To determine the incidence of down regulation of CD20 expression in relapsed DLBCL aftertreatment with rituximab and to compare outcomes and assess pattern of relapse between CD20 negative and CD20positive cases. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed patients with relapsed DLBCL who received rituximab inthe first line setting at Aga Khan University Hospital between January 2007 and December 2014. Data were recordedon predesigned questionnaires, with variables including demographics, details regarding date of diagnosis and relapse,histology, staging, international prognostic index, treatment and outcomes at initial diagnosis and at relapse. The Chisquare test was applied to determine statistical significance between categorical variables. Survival curves were generatedby the Kaplan–Meier method. Results: A total of 54 patients with relapsed DLBCL were included in our study, 38 (70%) males and 16(30%) females. Some 23 (43%) patients were at stage IV at the time of diagnosis and 34 (63%) had Bsymptoms. The most frequent R-IPI at diagnosis was II in 24 (44%) patients. Only 6 (11%) did not show CD20 expressionon re-biopsy for relapsed/refractory disease, 2 with CD20 negative DLBCL responding to second line chemotherapy.A complete response after salvage chemotherapy was noted in 16 (29.6%) cases with relapsed/refractory DLBCL.Seven (13%) patients underwent an autologous bone marrow transplant as consolidation after second line treatment.Median overall survival was 18 months in CD20 positive vs. 13 months in CD20 negative patients. Conclusion: Thisstudy demonstrated that a small percentage of patients treated with rituximab lose their CD20 expression at the timeof relapse. However, it is unclear whether this is associated with an inferior outcome.Key words- DLBCL-diffuse large B cell lymphoma,R-IPI-revised international prognostic index,R-CHOP/DHAP/R-DHAP-chemotherapyhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57477.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57477_4ff5785ae683ddd124ae7426c5a73022.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Molecular Study of Parvovirus B19 Infection in Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia337342ENNohaTharwat Abou El-KhierDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.hoda_734@hotmail.comAhmadDarwishPediatric Hematology - Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.farreha2013@hotmail.comMaysaaEl Sayed ZakiDepartment of Clinical
Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.may_s65@hotmail.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.337Background: Parvovirus B19 is a common viral infection in children. Nearby evidences are present about itsassociation with acute leukemia, especially acute lymphoblast leukemia. Nevertheless, scanty reports have discussedany role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of virological markers of B19 infectionincluding its DNA along with specific immunoglobulins G (IgG) and M (IgM) among children with newly diagnosedAML. Besides, describing the clinical importance of Parvovirus B19 infection in those patients. Patients and methods:A case-control retrospective study was conducted on 48 children recently diagnosed with AML before and duringchemotherapy induction and 60 healthy control. Specific serum IgM and IgG levels were determined by enzyme linkedimmunosorbant assay (ELISA) and DNA detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Parvovirus DNA wasdetected in 20 patients with AML. IgM was found in sera of four patients and one case had positive DNA and IgG (5%).Patients with recent parvovirus B19 infection had a significantly reduced hemoglobin levels, RBCs counts, plateletcounts, neutrophil counts and absolute lymphocytosis (p=0.01, p=0.0001, p=0.01, p=0.02, p=0.0003, respectively).There were no clinical findings with statistically significant association to recent infection. Half of the patients withAML had positive PCR and/or IgM for parvovirus B19. Among children with AML under chemotherapy, there werereduced hemoglobin levels (P=0.03), reduced platelet counts (P=0.0001) and absolute neutropenia (mean±SD, 1.200±1.00) in those with parvovirus B19 infection. More than half of patients with parvovirus B19 (72.2%) had positive PCRand/or IgM and 36.4% of them had positive IgG. Conclusion: This study highlights that parvovirus B19 is commonin children with AML either at diagnosis or under chemotherapy. There are no clinical manifestations that can be usedas markers for its presence, but hematological laboratory findings can provide evidence for infection in the presenceof anemia and neutropenia. Detection of parvovirus B19 by combined molecular and serological markers is requiredin such patients for accurate diagnosis.AML,ParvovirusB19,PCR,IgG,IgMhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57450.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57450_a8ba2261fa76fb023ccab2f54da4e406.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Detection of Cytochrome P450 Polymorphisms in Breast Cancer Patients May Impact on Tamoxifen Therapy343350ENKanakaiahThotaDepartment of Pharmacology, Krishna University, Rajupeta, Machilipatnam, India.kalyan.ch@krisanibio.comKPrasadDepartment of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, India.Mandava VBasaveswara RaoDr. MRAR PG Centre, Krishna University, Patha Pet, College Road, Nuzvid, India.10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.343Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Tamoxifen (TAM), a selectiveestrogen receptor modulator, is widely used in its treatment. TAM is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes,including CYP2D6, CYP3A5 and CYP2C19, whose genetic variations may have clinicopathological importance.However, reports on the association of various P450 polymorphisms with certain cancers are contradictory. Methods:We here investigated whether the prevalence of the four most common polymorphism in the CYP2D6*4 (G1934A),CYP2D6*10 (C188T), CYP3A5*3 and CYP2C19*2 alleles has any link with breast cancer using genomic DNA andpolymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Results: Prevalences ofCYP2D6*4, CYP2D6*10 and CYP2C19*2 genotypes were differed significantly (P = 0.01 and P = 0.004) betweenbreast cancer patients and controls. The CYP3A5*3 genotype did not demonstrate statistically significant variation.Conclusion: Polymorphisms in CYP2 appear to be associated with breast cancer risk. Our data taken together withother reports indicates that drug resistance gene polymorphisms might be indicators of response to tamoxifen therapyin breast cancer cases.Key Words: Cytochrome P450,polymorphism,Breast cancer,Tamoxifenhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56039.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56039_6ef0d2e9fe83bad4cbffc5beccb0d829.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width Are Associated with Gallbladder Cancer351355ENXinZhangDepartment of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.hellozx0806@163.comYeNiuDepartment of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang,China.1278596840@qq.comXinWangDepartment of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.wxm825@outlook.comZhi-PingLiuDepartments of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.zhi-ping.liu@utsoutnwestern.eduTieminLiuDepartment of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.|Division of Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.lining6677@126.comRui-TaoWangDepartment of Internal Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.ruitaowang@126.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.351Gallbladder cancer (GBC) represents the most common biliary tract malignancy. Activated platelets play an essentialrole in cancer development and progression. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) arecommonly used indexes of activated platelets in clinical practice. The aim of the current study was to investigate theassociation of MPV and PDW with GBC. 104 GBC patients and 109 normal control subjects were entered in thisstudy between January 2015 and December 2015. We collected all participants’ clinical and laboratory characteristicsat initial diagnosis. The odds ratios (ORs) for GBC were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis afteradjusting for confounding variables across MPV and PDW quartiles. MPV levels were markedly lower and PDW levelswere remarkably higher in GBC patients than control subjects. A significant correlation between PDW and lymph nodemetastasis was detected. In addition, after adjusting for other risk factors, the ORs (95% CIs) for GBC in each MPVquartile were 5.117 (1.939-13.506), 2.444 (0.917-6.516), 3.718 (1.381-10.007), and 1.000, respectively. The ORs (95%CIs) for GBC in each PDW quartile were 1.000, 2.063 (0.825-5.162), 3.070 (1.108-8.507), and 12.108 (4.243-34.553),respectively. In conclusion, decreased MPV and elevated PDW were independently associated with GBC. Our findingssuggest that MPV and PDW are available parameters for early detection of GBC.gallbladder cancer,Mean platelet volume,Diagnosishttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57463.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57463_fd0b6c906f49cb25b8a61a2f7a7a6be3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Characteristics of Women Diagnosed with Invasive Cervical Cancer in Ghana357363ENYvonneNarteyHugh Adam Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.yvonnenartey69@gmail.comPhilip CHillCentre for International Health, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.philip.hill@otago.ac.nzKwabenaAmo-AntwiDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.amoantwikwabena@yahoo.comKofi MNyarkoDisease Control and Prevention Department, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.konyarko22@yahoo.comJoelYarneyNational Centre for Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana.kodwoahen@gmail.comBrianCoxHugh Adam Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.brian.cox@otago.ac.nz10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.357Objective: To describe the characteristics of women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer from 2010 to 2013in two large hospitals in Ghana. Method: Medical records and other hospital data on women diagnosed with invasivecervical cancer were collected from the Komfo Anokye and Korle-Bu Teaching Hospitals. Data were recorded ontoa standardized data collection sheet and analyzed using summary statistics. Results: For of the 1,725 women withinvasive cervical cancer who were included in the study, parity was high (5 and more births). The most commondiagnostic investigation undertaken was a cervical biopsy, performed for 95.5% of cases. Few women had an imagingtest performed as part of the diagnostic process (3.3%). Some had comorbid conditions at diagnosis (29.3%). Only 61%of women attended at least one follow-up appointment after diagnosis of their cancer. Conclusion: Our study suggeststhat more work is needed to improve patient education and access to diagnostic and treatment facilities to reduce theincidence and mortality of cervical cancer in Ghana. Additionally, improvement in data quality is needed to providemore complete data for cancer control in Ghana.Ghana,Cervical Cancer,follow-up,Characteristicshttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57469.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57469_422bfe36d3177663376ad24125c59650.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Symptom Severity, Anxiety, Depression, Self- Efficacy and Quality of Life in Patients with Cancer365374ENSuhaOmranAdult Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan.suha31@just.edu.joSusanMcmillanThompson Professor of
Oncology Nursing, College of Nursing, University of South Florida, USA.smcmilla@health.usf.edu10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.365 Background: Despite advances in cancer disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment patients with cancer suffer from a variety of sometimes severe physical and psychological symptoms regardless of the stage of the disease. The aim is to determine the relationship of antecedent factors and mediating variables to the quality of life (QOL) of patients with cancer. Materials and Methods: The study included 341 patients with cancer and symptoms. Data collection used the Cancer Symptom Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Centers for Epidemiologic Study-Depression, Cancer Behavior Inventory, Multidimensional Quality of Life Index, and a Demographic Form. Results: A multiple regression equation containing all the variables explained 68% of the variance in QOL. Overall four variables accounted for the majority of the total variance: anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and symptom severity. Three of these variables were mediating variables. Of the antecedent factors symptom severity had a significant indirect effect on QOL through the mediating variables. Symptom severity also had direct effect on QOL. Conclusion: Data indicate that anxiety, depression, and self-efficacy play major roles in determining the perception of QOL of cancer patients. These mediating variables either buffered or enhanced the impact of the antecedent factors of symptom severity on QOL. Nursing interventions should focus on enhancing self-efficacy. Nurses can use health promoting programs to assist patients who are physically impaired. Further research should be aimed at identifying other influential variables, with the ultimate goal of developing interventions to aid patients in their efforts to maintain their QOL while living with cancer. Quality of life,Self-Efficacy,Path analysis,Cancerhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55153.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55153_7ff1cbfba160cf6006963a8256db5d69.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201CHEK2 Germ Line Mutations are Lacking among Familial and Sporadic Breast Cancer Patients in Rwanda375379ENThierryHabyarimanaBiology and Medical Research Unit, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco.|Biology of Human Pathologies Laboratory. Faculty of Science, and Genomic of Human Pathologies Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.|Biomedical Services Department, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali Rwanda, Rwanda.thierryestere@yahoo.frMohammedAttalebBiology and Medical Research Unit, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco.attaleb_mohammed@yahoo.frPacifiqueMugenziRwanda Military Hospital, Kigali Rwanda, Rwanda.|King Faysal Hospital, Kigali Rwanda, Rwanda.mpacific5@gmail.comJean BaptisteMazaratiBiomedical Services Department, Rwanda Biomedical Center, Kigali Rwanda, Rwanda.jmazarati@gmail.comYoussefBakriBiology of Human Pathologies Laboratory. Faculty of Science, and Genomic of Human Pathologies Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.ybakri@gmail.comMohammedEl MzibriBiology and Medical Research Unit, Centre National de l'Energie, des Sciences et des Techniques Nucléaires, (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco.mzibri@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.375Worldwide, breast cancer is the most frequent neoplasm and the second leading cause of cancer death amongfemales. It dominates in both developed and developing countries and represents a major public health problem. Theetiology is multifactorial and involves exogenous agents as well as endogenous factors. Although they account for onlya small fraction of the breast cancer burden, mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are known to confer a highrisk predisposition. Mutations in moderate/low-penetrance genes may also contribute to breast cancer risk. Previousstudies have shown that mutations in the CHEK2 gene are involved in breast cancer susceptibility due to its impacton DNA repair processes and replication checkpoints. This study was conducted to evaluate the frequencies of threegermline mutations in CHEK2 gene (c.1100delC, R145W and I157T) in breast cancers in Rwanda. Using direct DNAsequencing, we analyzed 41 breast cancer patients and 42 normal breast controls but could not detect any positives.CHEK2 mutations may be a rare event in Rwandan population and may only play a minor if an role in breast cancerpredisposition among familial and sporadic cases.Breast cancer,CHEK2,mutations,Rwandahttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57160.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57160_d5a25fa32f435c0bcd86d52c8dbef964.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Genetic Polymorphism of the Glutathione S-transferase Pi 1 (GSTP1) and Susceptibility to Cervical Cancer in Human Papilloma Virus Infected Northeastern Thai Women381385ENSophidaPhuthongDepartment of Physiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.kaew_2bg@hotmail.comWannapaSettheetham-IshidaDepartment of Physiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.|HPV and EBV Carcinogenesis Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.wannapa@kku.ac.thSitakanNatphopsukChulabhorn
International College of Medicine, Thammasat University,, Thailand.sitakan9@gmail.comTakafumiIshidaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of
Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan.tishida@bs.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.381Objective: We aimed to investigate any association between a genetic polymorphism of the detoxification GSTP1gene and risk of cervical cancer in northeastern Thailand. Materials and Methods: Genotyping of GSTP1 was performedfor 198 squamous cell cervical cancer (SCCA) patients and 198 age-matched healthy controls with the PCR-RFLPmethod. Results: The respective frequencies of the G allele were 0.33 and 0.26 in the controls and cases, the differencebeing significant (OR = 0.69 [95% CI: 0.50-0.95, p=0.0192]). Among women infected with high-risk types of HPV, beinga heterozygous carrier was associated with a reduced risk of cervical cancer (adjusted OR = 0.32 [95% CI: 0.12-0.91,p=0.031]). Similarly, a decreased risk was observed in heterozygous women with a non-smoking partner (adjusted OR= 0.27 [95% CI: 0.09-0.83, p=0.023]). Conclusions: GSTP1 polymorphism could influence susceptibility to cervicalcancer among northeast Thai women; either as a independent factor or in combination with high-risk HPV infection.Dual-testing of HPV and the GSTP1 might prove an effective screening tool for cervical cancer.glutathione S-transferase pi 1,Susceptibility,Cervical Cancer,human papilloma virushttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57460.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57460_608ef7df85df4fb5a391f0b17eecf4f5.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Ellagic Acid Holds Promise Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Experimental Model: Mechanisms of Action387393ENAsmaa MZaazaaZoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.asmaa_zaazaa@yahoo.comMaha SLokmanZoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.maha.lokman@yahoo.comAziza BShalbyHormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.drazizanrc@yahoo.comHanaa HAhmedHormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.hanaaomr@yahoo.comSayed AEl-ToumyChemistry of Tannins Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.sayedeltomy@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.387This research work was initiated to explore the efficacy of ellagic acid in mitigation of hepatocarcinogenesis inrats. Rats were distributed into 4 groups; negative control, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), doxorubicin and ellagicacid. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), glypican-3 (GPC-3), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)and suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) levels were assayed by ELISA. Immunohistochemical examinationof hepatic VEGF expression was also conducted, along with histological procedures for examination of liver tissuesections. Significant elevation in serum AFP, GPC-3 and STAT3 levels with a significant drop in SOCS3 were observedin the HCC group. In contrast, the treated groups showed significant decline in serum AFP, GPC-3 and STAT3 levelsand significant increase in SOCS3. Additionally, the HCC group declared mild positive immunoreaction for VEGF inhepatocytes while treatment with doxorubicin or ellagic acid was associated with a negative immunoreaction for VEGF.These results were supported by histological examination of liver tissue. The obtained findings suggested that ellagicacid may have beneficial chemopreventive role against hepatocarcinogenesis through its apoptotic, antiangiogenic andantiproliferative activities.Hepatocellular carcinoma,N-nitrosodiethylamine,ellagic acid,doxorubicin,ratshttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57578.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57578_9098b8b1af0bb1c1041f5ba0bb36e2c9.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Perceived Risk of Developing Cancer in a Suburban Community in Malaysia395400ENHafizahPasiDepartment of Community Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia.drhafizah@iium.edu.myZalehaMd IsaDepartment of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.zms@ppukm.ukm.edu.myShamsulAzhar ShahDepartment of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.|UKM Molecular Biology Institute, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia.shamsulazharshah@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.395Objective: To determine the perceived risk of developing cancer in a suburban community in Malaysia. Methods:A cross sectional study using a simple random sampling was conducted among residents aged 18 years old and above(n=520) who had never been diagnosed with cancer, in selected households in a suburban area of Pahang state inMalaysia. The study instruments were a validated questionnaire on risk perception, an automatic blood pressure monitor,a weighing scale and a measuring tape. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 andthe p value was taken at p they were at risk cancer, whilst the perceived severity was 41.3 percent. Multivariable analysis showed a significantassociation only for a family history of cancer (adjusted OR of 4.80; 95% CI = 1.45-15.82) (p=0.010) among thispopulation. Conclusion: The perceived risk of developing cancer in the selected suburban community of Pahang state inMalaysia is low as compared to that for other non-communicable diseases in this country, whilst the perceived severitywas higher than for other diseases. Thus, considering the importance of correct perceptions for behavioral changes,more health education and promotion is needed to make the community better aware of the actual threat of cancer.perceived risk,Cancer,sub-urban,community,Malaysiahttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57165.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57165_b34919bd2c6dbd10132796efc32d29f0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Clinical Significance of Gli-1 And Caveolin-1 Expression in the Human Small Cell Lung Cancer401406ENJieWuDepartment of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.714774292@qq.comDingxinDiDepartment of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.2749384253@qq.comChenZhaoDepartment of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.chen_zhao@whu.edu.cnQiPanDepartment of Thoracosurgery, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, China.wlpanqi@163.comYingyiLiuDepartment of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.742060955@qq.comXueZhangDepartment of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.369323673@qq.comXiandaZhaoDepartment of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.931543127@qq.comHongleiChenDepartment of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.|Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.hl-chen@whu.edu.cn10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.401Background: Lung cancer is the leading causes of cancer-related deaths around the world. Abnormal activation of thehedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been found to be involved in the occurrence, invasion, and metastasis of cancers.Autophagy also plays a significant role in the growth and metastasis of cancers. However, the correlation between theHh signaling pathway and autophagy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is still poorly understood. This study aimed toinvestigate the significance of Hh signaling pathway and autophagy in SCLC. Materials and Methods: The expressionof the Hh-induced transcriptional factor, glioma associated oncogene-1 (Gli-1) and the autophagy-related moleculecaveolin-1 (Cav-1) and their clinical significance was performed to detect and assay by immunohistochemistry in tissuemicroarray including 70 patients with SCLC. Results: In our study, 47 (67.1%) patients had positive Gli-1 expression,49 (70.0%) patients had positive Cav-1 expression, and 44 (62.9%) patients had negative fibroblastic Cav-1 expression.In SCLC, Gli-1 expression increased markedly, and was closely associated with decreased fibroblastic Cav-1 expression.Furthermore, we also found that Gli-1 expression was closely associated with increased Cav-1 expression. Conclusions:Our findings suggested that abnormal activation of the Hh signaling pathway is closely related to autophagy in SCLC.We envision that novel targets may come with the further investigation of Gli-1 and Cav-1 in carcinogenesis of SCLC.small cell lung cancer,Gli-1,caveolin-1,hedgehog pathway,autophagyhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57584.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57584_993a059ff9c36d6dc243c4cac0a83a9c.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Expression of Laminin in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas407413ENShwetaYellapurkarDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology,
Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India.swebhat@yahoo.co.inSrikantNatarajanDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology,
Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India.srikant.n@manipal.eduKarenBoazDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology,
Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India.karen.boaz@manipal.eduNidhiManaktalaDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology,
Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India.nidhi.manaktala@manipal.eduMohanBaligaDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental
sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India.mohan.baliga@manipal.eduPremalathaShettyDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental
sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India.premalatha.shetty@manipal.eduMukulPrasadDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology,
Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India.mukulp0@gmail.comMahalakshmiRaviDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology,
Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India.dr.manjuravi@gmail.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.407Background and objectives: Laminin is a significant basement membrane (BM) glycoprotein, the expression ofwhich reflects BM integrity more precisely than do other ECM proteins. The present study aimed to evaluate lamininexpression in oral squamous cell carcinomas OSCC and to determine any associations with clinico-pathologicalparameters (surgical margin status, lymph node involvement, survival and recurrence). Methods: Laminin expression wasevaluated in 31 cases of biopsy-proven OSCC by immunohistochemical staining and its association with prognosticatorsand the Brynes grading system was determined by appropriate statistical analysis. Results: We observed a significantincrease in linear staining pattern (pLaminin,Basement Membrane,OSCC,prognosishttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57579.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57579_4b578c3ce836c8b56ac5a1a0d98919c4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Prostate Cancer in Shiraz Province of Iran415420ENNitinShivappaCancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208,USA.|Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.shivappa@mailbox.sc.eduJamesR HebertCancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208,USA.|Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.jhebert@mailbox.sc.eduYahyaJalilpiranDepartment
of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.yahya.jalilpiran1992@yahoo.comShivaFaghihDepartment
of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.shivafaghih@gmail.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.415 Background: Dietary components like food items and nutrients have been implicated to play a role in modulating inflammation and the development of prostate cancer. Studies examining this association have not been extensively explored in Middle Eastern Countries. Material and Methods: We examined the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DIITM) and prostate cancer in the Shiraz province of Iran. A total of 60 incident cases and 60 controls attending the same hospital as the cases were recruited. The energy adjusted DII (E-DIITM) was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. Results: Men with higher E-DII (>0.96) were at higher risk of prostate cancer (OR = 2.55; 95% CI =1.04–6.23) compared to men with E-DII ≤0.96. Conclusion: These data suggest a pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by increasing DII score, may be a risk factor for prostate cancer in Iranian men. Dietary Inflammatory Index,Prostate cancer,Case-controlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55155.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55155_84febaf7be8ce5afd8deb1499b7e1b58.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Impact of Day 14 Bone Marrow Biopsy on Re-Induction Decisions and Prediction of a Complete Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cases421425ENKhalidAlsalehThe Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.khalid_alsaleh@hotmail.comAamerAleemThe Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ameralem@ksu.edu.saAbdulkareemAlmomenThe Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.akalmomen@gmail.comFarhanAnjumThe Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.farhanalianjum@hotmail.comGhazi SAlotaibiThe Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.galotaibi@ualberta.ca10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.421 Background: With acute myeloid leukemia (AML), there are limited data about the accuracy of day 14 bone marrow (BM) biopsies for predicting complete remission as compared to day 28 BM biopsy results. We here aimed to estimate the correlation between, and the diagnostic accuracy of, both approaches. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 84 patients with AML treated with standard induction chemotherapy to evaluate the remission rate and treatment decisions based on day 14 BM biopsy from 2000-2012. Results: Sixty five patients (77%) demonstrated remission (CR) with less than 5% blasts on their day 14 BM. Thirteen patients (16%) had residual disease (RD), and 6 (7%) were classified as indeterminate response (IR) i.e., blasts 5-20%. Two patients with RD on day 14 underwent re-induction. Out of the 17 remaining cases with RD+IR, 14 (all 6 with IR and 8 out of 11 with residual disease with no re-induction) demonstrated a morphologic complete remission (CR) on day 28 BM. The percentages for complete remissions on days 28 and 14 were significantly different [94% versus 79.3%, respectively; p=0.004, (OR= 0.143, 95% CI: 0.032-0.63)]. Day 14 BM had 82% sensitivity in predicting CR on Day 28; however, it had insufficient specificity (60%) in predicting failure of CR. Conclusions: Induction treatment response assessment based on day 14 BM does not accurately predict the response rate on day 28 and the use of day 14 BM as a sole marker of response to therapy might expose patients to unnecessary interventions. Acute myeloid leukemia,AML,bone marrow biopsy,day 14http://journal.waocp.org/article_55300.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55300_ddeb6a58d3eba513e523e6924b5da0c4.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Beliefs Underlying Messages of Anti-Cancer-Screening Websites in Japan: A Qualitative Analysis427433ENTsuyoshiOkuharaDepartment of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-
8655, Japan.okuhara-ctr@umin.ac.jpHironoIshikawaDepartment of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-
8655, Japan.hirono-tky@umin.ac.jpMasahumiOkadaDepartment of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-
8655, Japan.sokada-tuk@umin.ac.jpMioKatoDepartment of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-
8655, Japan.mkato-ctr@umin.ac.jpTakahiroKiuchiDepartment of Health Communication, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-
8655, Japan.tak-kiuchi@umin.ac.jp10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.427 Background: Cancer screening rates are lower in Japan than in Western countries. Meanwhile, anti-cancer-screening activists take to the internet to spread their messages that cancer screening has little or no efficacy, poses substantial health risks such as side effects from radiation exposure, and that people should forgo cancer screening. We applied a qualitative approach to explore the beliefs underlying the messages of anti-cancer-screening websites, by focusing on perceived value the beliefs provided to those who held them. Methods: We conducted online searches using Google Japan and Yahoo! Japan, targeting websites we classified as "pro," "anti," or "neutral" depending on their claims. We applied a dual analytic approach- inductive thematic analysis and deductive interpretative analysis- to the textual data of the anti websites. Results: Of the 88 websites analyzed, five themes that correspond to beliefs were identified: destruction of common knowledge, denial of standard cancer control, education about right cancer control, education about hidden truths, and sense of superiority that only I know the truth. Authors of anti websites ascribed two values ("safety of people" and "self-esteem") to their beliefs. Conclusion: The beliefs of authors of anti-cancer-screening websites were supposed to be strong. It would be better to target in cancer screening promotion not outright screening refusers but screening hesitant people who are more amenable to changing their attitudes toward screening. The possible means to persuade them were discussed. cancer screening,internet,online,qualitative research,beliefhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55318.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55318_ba9693583c0977ef5b8f7f61635aa556.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Correlation of Expression Levels of Copper Transporter 1 and Thymidylate Synthase with Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with S-1/Carboplatin Doublet Chemotherapy435441ENMahoKonishiLaboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.pim41464sky@gmail.comAsukaImaiLaboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.poke.monn.181@gmail.comMasanoriFujiiDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital, 1-3-1 Wakihama-kaigandori, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.feynman8@gmail.comKeisukeSugimotoDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kobe Hospital, 1-3-1 Wakihama-kaigandori, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.k-sugimoto@kobe.jrc.or.jpNobuyukiKatakamiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-2 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.katakami@fbri.orgYukihiroImaiDepartment of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-2 Minatojima Minamimachi, Chuo, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.yukiimai@kcho.jpShingoKamoshidaLaboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.skamo@harbor.kobe-u.ac.jp10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.435Background: Copper transporter 1 (CTR1) is a critical determinant of the uptake and cytotoxic effect of the platinumdrugs carboplatin and cisplatin. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and is associatedwith resistance of tumor cells to 5-fluorouracil. We investigated the correlation between CTR1 and TS expression levelsand treatment outcomes in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with S-1/carboplatindoublet chemotherapy. Methods: Twenty-nine patients were enrolled in this study. Tumor expression of CTR1 andTS was measured immunohistochemically and analyzed for correlation with tumor response, progression-free survival(PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: Tumor response was significantly better in patients with CTR1High tumorsthan in patients with CTR1Low tumors (64% vs. 18%, P = 0.02). Patients with TSLow tumors had a significantly longer OS(median 21.2 vs. 8.5 months, P = 0.02), but not PFS, than patients with TSHigh tumors. When CTR1 and TS co-expressionwas analyzed, patients with either CTR1High or TSLow tumors showed a significantly better tumor response (50% vs. 0%,P = 0.01), longer PFS (median 4.2 vs. 2.1 months, P = 0.03), and longer OS (median 21.2 vs. 8.5 months, P = 0.01) thanpatients with both CTR1Low and TSHigh tumors. Conclusions: Our study suggests that combined CTR1/TS expressionstatus has the potential to be an important predictor of good treatment outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLCtreated with S-1/carboplatin doublet chemotherapy.copper transporter 1,thymidylate synthase,non-small cell lung cancer,S-1,carboplatinhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57600.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57600_695c5dfb2b46224413b98b255ba63714.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Promoter Methylation of BRCA1, DAPK1 and RASSF1A is Associated with Increased Mortality among Indian Women with Breast Cancer443448ENPrasantYadavDepartment of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.|Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.prasant.mamc@gmail.comMirzaMasroorDepartment of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.mirzamsroor1986@gmail.comKajalNandiDepartment of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.kajalnandi03@gmail.comR C MKazaDepartment of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.kazarcm@gmail.comS KJainDepartment of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.sudhirkumar011@gmail.comNitaKhuaranaDepartment of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.mirzamasroor1@gmail.comAlpanaSaxenaDepartment of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.prasant.mamc@hotmail.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.443 Background: Promoter methylation has been observed for several genes in association with cancer development and progression. Hypermethylation mediated-silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) may contribute to breast cancer pathogenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate the promoter methylation status of BRCA1, DAPK1 and RASSF1A genes in Indian women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Promoter methylation was evaluated in DNA extracted from mononuclear cells (MNCs) in peripheral blood samples of 60 histopathologically confirmed newly diagnosed, untreated cases of breast cancer as well as 60 age and sex matched healthy controls using MS-PCR. Association of promoter methylation with breast cancer-specific mortality was analyzed with Cox proportional hazards models. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for overall survival of the breast cancer patients. Results: We observed a significant increase of BRCA1, DAPK1 and RASSF1A promoter methylation levels by 51.7% (P Promoter Methylation,Tumor suppressor genes,MS-PCR,Breast cancerhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55256.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55256_44e338206f350324426ad84575823bbf.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Dietary Factors Associated with Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Minia, Egypt: Principal Component Analysis449455ENMarwa GAbdelrehimDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.|Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.marwa.abdelrehim@yale.eduEman MMahfouzDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.emanmahfouz39@yahoo.comAshraf AEwisDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.ashraf_ewis@yahoo.comAmany ESeedhomDepartment of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.amany_medhat@yahoo.comHassan MAfifiDepartment of Surgical Oncology, Minia Cancer Center, Minia, Egypt.hafifi16@hotmail.comFatma MSheblDepartment of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.fatma.shebl@yale.edu10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.449Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a serious and rapidly progressing malignancy. Identifying risk factorsincluding dietary elements is important to develop preventive strategies. This study focused on possible links betweendiet and PC. Methods: We conducted a case-control study including all PC patients diagnosed at Minia Cancer Centerand controls from general population from June 2014 to December 2015. Dietary data were collected directly throughpersonal interviews. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify dietary groups. The data wereanalyzed using crude odds ratios (ORs) and multivariable logistic regression with adjusted ORs and 95% confidenceintervals (CIs). Results: A total of 75 cases and 149 controls were included in the study. PCA identified six dietarygroups, labeled as cereals and grains, vegetables, proteins, dairy products, fruits, and sugars. Bivariate analysis showedthat consumption of vegetables, fruits, sugars, and total energy intake were associated with change in PC risk. Inmultivariable-adjusted models comparing highest versus lowest levels of intake, we observed significant lower oddsof PC in association with vegetable intake (OR 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07-0.85, P=0.012) and a higher likelihood with thetotal energy intake (OR 9.88; 95% CI, 2.56-38.09, PPancreatic cancer,dietary,principal component analysis,Egypthttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57473.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57473_b053bc5bdc256e4c37d6ba09d7f7824a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Vaping Topography and Reasons of Use among Adults in Klang Valley, Malaysia457462ENNajihahZainol AbidinDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.najihahza@yahoo.comEmiliaZainal AbidinDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.za_emilia@upm.edu.myAziemahZulkifliDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.aziemahzulkifli@yahoo.comSharifah NorkhadijahSyed IsmailDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.norkhadijah@upm.edu.myKarmegamKaruppiahDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.megam@upm.edu.myAmer SiddiqAmer NordinUniversity Malaya Centre of Addiction Sciences (UMCAS), University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.amersiddiq@um.edu.myZuraidahMusbahDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.zbm1207@yahoo.comNur FadhilahZulkipliDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.nurfadhilahzul@gmail.comSarva MangalaPraveenaDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.praveena@upm.edu.myIrnizaRasdiDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.irniza@upm.edu.myAnitaAbd RahmanDepartment of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.anitaar@upm.edu.my10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.457Background: Consistency and accuracy of results in assessing health risks due to vaping or e-cigarette use are difficultto achieve without established consumption data. The present report covers baseline data on vaping topography andreasons for use among local users in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Methods: An 80-item survey regarding socio-demographiccharacteristics, smoking topography and reasons for e-cigarette use was employed to assess e-cigarette users recruitedfrom several public universities and private organisations. The survey questionnaire was self-administered. Data wereanalysed using statistical software. Results: Eighty-six current e-cigarette users participated with more than half (51.2%)of them aged ≥ 25 years old. Significant proportions of the sample were single (51.2%), had a tertiary education level(63.5%) and a household income of less than USD1000 per month (65.2%). Median duration of e-cigarette use wasless than a year; users drew approximately 50 puffs per day and refilled twice a day. The majority (74%) used e-liquidscontaining nicotine with a concentration of 6 μg/mL. Daily users spent USD18-23 per month. Reasons for using thee-cigarette included enjoyment of the products (85.9%), perception of lower toxicity than tobacco (87%), and the factthat it was a cheaper smoking alternative (61%). Conclusion: The data on e-cigarette smoking topography obtainedin this study are novel. The reasons of usage were mainly users’ enjoyment of e-cigarettes, preparation for quittingsmoking, perception of low toxicity and a healthier smoking substitute and cheapness in the long run. The resultsestablish basic knowledge for the local vaping topography and reference material for future e-cigarette-related research.smoking pattern,electronic-cigarette,e-liquid,electronic-nicotine delivery system,e-juicehttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57179.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57179_3f030da46512f366e0dc1a9863ee97a0.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201AKAP4, SPAG9 and NY-ESO-1 in Iranian Colorectal Cancer Patients as Probable Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers463469ENAmenehTavakoli KoudehiDepartment of Clinical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB),Tehran, Iran.ameneh.tavakoli@gmail.comBaharMahjoubiColorectal Cancer
Research Center, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Care Services, Tehran, Iran.frouz2@yahoo.comRezvanMirzaeiColorectal Cancer
Research Center, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Care Services, Tehran, Iran.rezvan_mirzaei@yahoo.comSamiraShabaniDepartment of Clinical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB),Tehran, Iran.shabani@nigeb.ac.irFrouzandehMahjoubiDepartment of Clinical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB),Tehran, Iran.frouz@nigeb.ac.ir10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.463Background and objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the secondleading cause of cancer death in women in the world. Cancer-Testis Antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor-associatedproteins which typically are expressed in normal reproductive cells of men, but their expression in normal somatic cellsis silenced. CTAs, due to their limited expression pattern, are considered as promising targets for cancer diagnosis andimmuno-therapy. Methods: Expression of AKAP4, SPAG9 and CTAG1B genes from the CTAs family was studiedin both tumor and normal tissues of 62 Iranian CRC patients by RT-PCR with the aim of finding biomarkers for earlydetection and anticipated progression. Statistical analysis was performed SPSS software V22.0 to assess the significanceof any associations. Results: Elevated expression of SPAG9 and AKAP4 genes was observed in approximately 66%and 44% of tumours, respectively, as compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. While a significant association wasfound between AKAP4 gene expression and metastasis (P-value: 0.045), expression of the CTAG1B (NY-ESO-1) genewas not observed in our cases. Conclusion: AKAP4 and SPAG9 genes may find use as diagnostic biomarkers for CRCand AKAP4 may play an important role in progression to metastasis.AKAP4,biomarker,Colorectal Cancer,NY-ESO-1,SPAG9http://journal.waocp.org/article_57454.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57454_2c0337cca28f8fc223746e81ef426210.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201An Altered Ratio of CD4+ And CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Cervical Cancer Tissues and Peripheral Blood – A Prognostic Clue?471478ENDiptimoyDasDepartment of Radiotherapy, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, India.diptimoyin@gmail.comBasabSarkarNorth Bengal Medical
College, Sushrutanagar, Siliguri, India.basabsarkar19@gmail.comSandipMukhopadhyayDepartment of Pharmacology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, India.sandipcmcl@gmail.comChandranathBanerjeeGeneral Surgery, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, India.ddchandra-nath@rediffmail.comSupreetiBiswas MondalDepartment of Pharmacology, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, India.supbswsmndl@yahoo.co.in10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.471 Background : Several studies have provided evidence of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration in various malignancies with probable implications for prognosis. Cervical cancer accounts for a major part of the cancer burden in the developing world. Study of genetically and ethnically diverse Indian cervical cancer patients is necessary to assess effects on lymphocytic infiltration of tumour tissue. Methods : This observational study was conducted over a period of 12 months with selected cervical cancer patients meeting inclusion criteria. Samples of cervical cancer tissue and peripheral blood were obtained and tumour infiltration with CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes was noted. Cell numbers were quantified by flow-cytometry and proportions compared between tumour and peripheral blood samples. Results: Tumour infiltration was noted with both CD4+ (13.93±10.95) and CD8+ (19.5±12.05) lymphocyte subtypes. However, compared to peripheral blood, CD4+ cells were significantly less predominant in tumour tissue (p, 0.0013). There was a statistically significant (p, 0.0004) reversal of the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ in the tumour tissue (0.68±0.39) compared to peripheral blood (1.5±0.66) with maximal alteration in higher stage disease. Conclusion : The study revealed that T lymphocyte infiltration of cervical cancer tissue occurs but the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ subtypes is sifnificantly lower than in peripheral blood, especially with in advanced stages of disease. The clinical implications of such a reversal of CD4+ and CD8+ ratios is unknown, but might have prognostic significance. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes,Cervical Cancer,CD4,CD8http://journal.waocp.org/article_55296.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55296_e533eb9b156b0ee1843b87ca9ccb5da2.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Maturity Level of the Stigma Concept Associated with Cancer Diagnosis in the Nursing Literature479485ENMuayyadAhmadUniversity of Jordan, School of Nursing, Jordan.mma4jo@yahoo.comRubaMusallamNursing Department, Royal Medical Services, Jordan.ruba.2000.rm@gmail.comAblaHabeeb AllahNursing Department, Royal Medical Services, Jordan.abla.ha@hotmail.comLailaAl-Daken0000-0003-0863-6700Nursing School, Zarqa University, Jordan.lailadaken@hotmail.comHanaAbu-SnienehUniversity of Jordan, School of Nursing, Jordan.abusnieneh13@hotmail.comGhadeerAl-DweikNursing School, Applied Science University, Jordan.ghadeerdweik@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.479Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the maturity level of stigma as a concept in nursing and its relationshipto care provided for patients with cancer. Methods: The four principles of Morse and his colleagues were used toevaluate the maturity level of the stigma concept: epistemological, logical, pragmaticl, and linguistic. Analysis wasconducted with the literature published between 2006 and 2016. Results: The findings of this study suggest that theconcept of stigma in nursing is immature, deﬁned inconsistently, and measured with different instruments. How stigmais deﬁned can influence nurses in their assessment of patients with cancer and identification of their needs. Conclusion:Although extensive studies have been conducted in the field of mental illness, it is only recently that the effect of stigmaon treatment of cancer patients has attracted attention. Thus, substantial work yet needs to be done to understand thebreadth and scope of stigma impacting on individuals with cancer.Stigma,Cancer,Concept analysis,Maturity level,nursinghttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56060.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56060_8f0d6800c49276f3e16fd9b6c6861cb1.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Predicting the Survival of Gastric Cancer Patients Using Artificial and Bayesian Neural Networks487490ENAzamkorhani KangiModeling of Health Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Kerman University of
Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.korhani2012@yahoo.comAbbasBahrampour0000-0002-8950-2925Modeling of Health Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Kerman University of
Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.abahrampour@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.487 Introduction and purpose: In recent years the use of neural networks without any premises for investigation of prognosis in analyzing survival data has increased. Artificial neural networks (ANN) use small processors with a continuous network to solve problems inspired by the human brain. Bayesian neural networks (BNN) constitute a neural-based approach to modeling and non-linearization of complex issues using special algorithms and statistical methods. Gastric cancer incidence is the first and third ranking for men and women in Iran, respectively. The aim of the present study was to assess the value of an artificial neural network and a Bayesian neural network for modeling and predicting of probability of gastric cancer patient death. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used information on 339 patients aged from 20 to 90 years old with positive gastric cancer, referred to Afzalipoor and Shahid Bahonar Hospitals in Kerman City from 2001 to 2015. The three layers perceptron neural network (ANN) and the Bayesian neural network (BNN) were used for predicting the probability of mortality using the available data. To investigate differences between the models, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and the area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) were generated. Results: In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of the artificial neural network and Bayesian neural network models were 0.882, 0.903 and 0.954, 0.909, respectively. Prediction accuracy and the area under curve ROC for the two models were 0.891, 0.944 and 0.935, 0.961. The age at diagnosis of gastric cancer was most important for predicting survival, followed by tumor grade, morphology, gender, smoking history, opium consumption, receiving chemotherapy, presence of metastasis, tumor stage, receiving radiotherapy, and being resident in a village. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that the Bayesian neural network is preferable to an artificial neural network for predicting survival of gastric cancer patients in Iran. survival,Gastric cancer,Bayesian neural networks,Artificial Neural Networkhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55156.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55156_663519e8512c22134a475519d1926fd3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Comparative Study of Serum Lipid Profiles in Nepalese Cancer Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital491495ENDipendra RajPandeyaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Jouf University, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Biochemistry, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Science, College of Medicine Kathmandu, Nepal.dipendra100@yahoo.comAjayRajbhandariDepartment of Medicine, Shree Birendra Hospital, Chauuni, Kathmandu, Nepal.ManojNepalCancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu HI, USA.Ezeldine KAbdalhabibDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Al Jouf University, Saudi Arabia.MaheshBhattaLife Care Diagnostics and Research Center Pvt. Ltd, Dhangadhi, Kailali, Nepal.Sudha SenMallaDepartment of Community Medicine, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences-College of Medicine Kathmandu, Kathmandu, Nepal.LaxmiUpadhyayMontefiore New Rochelle Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Rochelle, New York, USA.Mohammed HSaiem Al DahrDepartment of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.491Significant efforts have been made to study cancer at the biochemical and cellular level and identify factorsassociated with progression. The aim of this hospital based randomized comparative study at the Nepalese ArmyInstitute of Health science hospital was to assess factors in 52 people diagnosed with different types of cancer and 56normal control persons. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). We found that biochemical parameter TC, TG, VLDL(very low density lipoprotein), LDL and HDL were significantly different in the cancer patients and healthy controls.Levels of TC, TG, LDL, HDL and VLDL were higher in the age group below 50 and that of TG was found to be higherin women than men. Our results indicate that TC, TG and HDL are increased, while LDL and VLDL are lowered incancer patients. Our study provides clues to risk factors associated with life style, eating habits, and exercise regimens.Monitoring of these parameters with aging is recommended.Cancer,Triglyceride,Cholesterol,HDL and LDLhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57180.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57180_49bab2cb9692b47f37a651b6945e0c84.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Survival Time and Prognostic Factors for Breast Cancer among Women in North-East Peninsular Malaysia497502ENNoorfarizaNordinDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia.drfariza85@gmail.comNajib MajdiYaacobUnit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia.najibmy@usm.myNoor HashimahAbdullahNon-Communicable Disease Control Unit, Kelantan State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.drnhashimah@moh.gov.mySuhailyMohd HaironOrcid.org/0000-0002-4934-0001Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains, Malaysia.suhailymh@usm.my10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.497Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease and the leading cause of cancer death amongwomen globally. This study aimed to determine the median survival time and prognostic factors for breast cancerpatients in a North-East State of Malaysia. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted from January tillApril 2017 using secondary data obtained from the state’s cancer registry. All 549 cases of breast cancer diagnosedfrom 1st January 2007 until 31st December 2011 were selected and retrospectively followed-up until 31st December2016. Sociodemographic and clinical information was collected to determine prognostic factors. Results: The average(SD) age at diagnosis was 50.4 (11.2) years, the majority of patients having Malay ethnicity (85.8%) and a histology ofductal carcinoma (81.5%). Median survival times for those presenting at stages III and IV were 50.8 (95% CI: 25.34,76.19) and 6.9 (95% CI: 3.21, 10.61) months, respectively. Ethnicity (Adj. HR for Malay vs non-Malay ethnicity=2.52;95% CI: 1.54, 4.13; pBreast cancer,Prognostic factor,Survival time,Malaysian Womenhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55258.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55258_8d51fb354f1944e8e40733b7ac5a4ea5.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Melanoma Screening Day in Krasnoyarsk Krai of the Russian Federation: Results from 2015-2016503507ENNadezhdaPalkinaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.mosmannv@yandex.ruOlgaSergeevaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.on_210@mail.ruTatianaRukshaDepartment of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.|Department of Management in public health, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.tatyana_ruksha@mail.ruIvanArtyukhovOutpatient Department, Krasnoyarsk Clinical Regional Hospital, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.rector@krasgmu.ru10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.503Objective: The Melanoma Screening Day Campaign started in the Russian Federation in 2006. In the present study,we analyzed the 2015-2016 survey questionnaire data acquired from screened individuals in the city of Krasnoyarsk ineastern Siberia, which has a population of one million, in order to understand the level of awareness regarding melanoma/skin cancer prevention and early diagnosis. Methods: Individuals were enrolled in the screening campaign by massmedia advertising. Free whole-body examinations were provided by the doctors, and the standardized questionnaireforms (n=444) were completed to obtain relevant demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data. Descriptive andunivariate analyses were conducted to elucidate the main characteristics of the screened population. Percentage frequencywas used to characterize the population. Result: A substantial proportion of the screened individuals were female(80%). The most common reasons for participating in the screening were a high number of moles, or a change in theappearance of the moles. Internet recourses were the main channel for obtaining the information about the MelanomaDay Screening Campaign. 5% of screened individuals had a family history of melanoma/skin cancer. The mean age ofthe participants was 36.63±16.31 years. The percentage of screened individuals who took part in this program increasedin 2016 (18%) versus 2015 (8%). In total, 5 individuals with suspected melanoma/skin cancer were identified duringthe two-year Campaign, all of whom were referred to the regional oncology center. Conclusion: The analysis of datafrom the Melanoma Screening Day Campaign in Krasnoyarsk Krai revealed the necessity to use the media to attractolder subjects with potential melanoma/skin cancer risk to undergo screening. Individuals with suspected malignanciesshould be monitored up until the time when a final diagnosis is determined. Moreover, such events are an appropriateway to inform and educate the public about cutaneous cancer prevention.Melanoma,nevi,Russian Federation,Screening,Siberiahttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57588.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57588_4546532a51c77f33ab1dee9817b78b3e.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Does Endometriosis Hinder Successful Ovarian Debulking Surgery?509512ENPanyaSananpanichkulDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prapokklao hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand.panysanan@yahoo.comSupaneeMuangtan0000-0002-4408-0327Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prapokklao hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand.supa_aof@hotmail.comWineeyaSunikhomDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prapokklao hospital, Chanthaburi, Thailand.pearlwineeya@gmail.comKornkarnBhamarapravatanaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty
of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand.drkornkarn@gmail.comKomsunSuwannarurkDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty
of Medicine, Thammasat University, Thailand.k_suwannarurk@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.509Background: Endometriosis has a significant effect on many aspects of women’s lives, also increasing the risk ofovarian cancer. Although endometriosis is considered as a benign condition, it sometimes behaves like cancer. Methods:All medical records of epithelial ovarian cancer patients during January 2011 to December 2016 were reviewed.Recurrent cases were excluded. Data collected included age at diagnosis, parity, marital status, familial history of cancer,menopausal status, weight, height, smoking histroy, contraception, CA 125 level, result of surgery and pathologicalreport. Results: One hundred and seventy-two medical records of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) wereincluded. Average age at diagnosis was 52.3 years. Epithelial ovarian cancer coexisting with endometriosis (EAOC)was found in nearly one-fifth of cases. Nullipara and smoking were associated with 2.3 and 8.3 fold higher risk ofEAOC development (aOR 2.349, 95%CI 1.012-5.451; aOR 8.26, 95%CI 1.234-55.278; respectively). Age, familialhistory of cancer and coexistence with endometriosis were factors related to surgical outcome. More of EAOC grouphad optimal surgery compared to the non-EAOC group (61.3% and 41.8%) with statistical significance. Conclusion:Younger age, familial history of cancer and coexistence of endometriosis were factors related to optimal surgery.Success of optimal surgery is greater in EAOC than in non-EAOC patients. Coexistence of endometriosis does nothinder successful ovarian cancer debulking surgery.Epithelial ovarian cancer,Endometriosis,Optimal surgeryhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57474.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57474_9d5af33114dd7d6ed6c795db15b6068d.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Impact of Cyclin D1 and Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein-K (HnRNP-K) on Urinary Bladder Carcinogenesis513519ENTarekAboushoushaPathology Departments,Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.t.aboushousha@tbri.gov.egOlfatHammamPathology Departments,Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.totoali1@hotmail.comNohaHelalPathology Departments,Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.nohasaidhelal@yahoo.comSamirEl DahshanUrology Departments, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt.samirdahshan@hotmail.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.513Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expression of cyclin D1 and hnRNP-K in relation to the pathologicalfindings in bladder cancer including the type, grade, muscle invasion and bilharzial association. Methods: We studiedthe immunoexpression; as regard the percentage, intensity and score of both cyclin D1 and hnRNP-K in different bladderlesions including 10 cases of cystitis; 10 cases of carcinoma insitu (CIS), 20 cases of Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)and 66 cases of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Results: High expression of cyclin D1 was found in UC compared to othergroups (pBladder cancer,bilharziasis,Cyclin D1,hnRNP-K,immunohistochemistryhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57182.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57182_1534ae6ce334389b33d761a3c5d01444.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Physical and Emotional Experiences of Chemotherapy: a Qualitative Study among Women with Breast Cancer in Southern Thailand521528ENDusaneeSuwankhongDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung, Thailand.dusanee.s@scholar.tsu.ac.thPraneeLiamputtongSchool of Science
and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.p.liamputtong@westernsydney.edu.au10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.521Background: Chemotherapy treatment can increase survival rates among women with breast cancer elsewhere.However, it also has negative impact on women’s general appearance, body image and psychological functioning.This study aimed to describe the experiences of chemotherapy treatment among Thai women with breast cancerin rural communities, sounthern Thailand. Methods: Qualitative approach was employed to gain insights aboutthe experiences of the women. In-depth interviewing and drawing methods were conducted with 20 Thai womenwho had been diagnosed with breast cancer. Thematic method was used to analyse the data. Results: Three themesemerged from the findings: I feel so weak: Lack of physical energy; experiencing physical and emotional burdens andmanaging health and life. Women were traumatized by effects of chemotherapy and suffered severe physical side effects.Most received inadequate professional support from health care providers and had to rely on their own judgment anduse local resources to deal with the effects of their treatment and to improve their health and well-being. Conclusions:Chemotherapy brought about traumatic experiences to Thai women with breast cancer. Continual support is needed forthe women to reduce the difficulties they might encounter. Support groups should be established for these women whenreceiving and completing chemotherapy treatment. Our finding suggested that social support programs that meet theirneed are salient means that could reduce the sufferings of these women. Nurses and other health care professionals inthe local community should play their important role to establish such group and make it accessible for all.Thai women,Breast cancer,chemotherapy treatment,rural community,Qualitative studyhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56051.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56051_7e340eead55d0272f25024747417542a.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Expression of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Gene Family Members in Bladder Cancer Tissues and the 5637 Tumor Cell Line529532ENFahmidehBagrezaeiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.|Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.bahrani306@yahoo.comGholamhosseinHassanshahiMolecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.|Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.ghassanshahi@gmail.comMehdiMahmoodiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.|Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.mahmoodies@yahoo.comSoudehKhanamani Falahati-PourPistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.falahati7777@yahoo.comMohammad RezaMirzaeiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.|Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.falahati77777@gmail.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.529 Background: Apoptosis is suppressed in cancer tissues and tumor cell lines because anti-apoptosis genes are over-expressed. The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) gene family contributes to control of apoptosis. The expression profile of eight genes of the IAP family in biopsies from patients with a history of bladder cancer and normal bladder tissues, as well as a bladder tumor cell line (5637), was assessed in the present study. Methods: Cancer tissue samples were obtained at surgery and the 5637 tumor cell line was cultured in RPMI1640 medium. Beyond tumor margins were selected as normal tissue. Expressional profile of interested genes was obtained by using specific primers and the real-time PCR method. Results: The results showed that expression of seven of the studied genes was up-regulated in cancer tissues and the cell line whereas BIRC4 (XIAP) was down-regulated in both. Conclusions: The results showed that these genes were expressed to a greater extent in cancer tissue and cancer cells than in normal tissues. The data suggested that over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as IAP family members, can trigger cells to escape from apoptosis. Bladder cancer, IAP gene family,Tumor cell linehttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55159.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_55159_4e1e3306c480b2d35af79ef8a26a87de.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Exploring Effective Contextual Factors for Regular Cervical Cancer Screening in Iranian Women: A Qualitative Study533539ENMansourehRefaeiDepartment of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.mansourehrefaei@yahoo.comNahidDehghan-NayeriNursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.nahid.nayeri@gmail.comZohrehKhakbazanDepartment of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.khakbaza@sina.tums.ac.irMansourehYazdkhastiDepartment of Midwifery, school of Nursing and Midwifery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.mansoyazd@yahoo.comArezooShayanMother and Childcare Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University
of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.arezoo.shayan2012@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.533Background: Adherence to regular screening programs for cervical cancer in Iranian women is not common.The aim of this study was to explore contextual factors influencing behavior and compliance with guidelines.Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted in 2016-2017 in Hamadan city, Iran. Semi-structuredin-depth interviews were conducted with 31 participants who were selected purposefully on referring to health centers.Twenty-three were women with various experiences of cervical cancer screening and 8 were health care providers(4 midwives, 1 gynecologist, 1 general practitioner and 1 family health expert). Guba and Lincoln criteria were usedfor tustworthiness. MAXQDA10 software was employed for data analysis. Results: Four themes were extracted fromthe data: an opportunity maker system, opportunities to become acquainted, concerns for healthy living, and perceptionof cancer. Conclusion: The results showed sensitivity of health care providers and their appropriate performancein relation to regular screening behavior of women is very important. Women’s perception of cancer and its curabilityis another factor with a major effect on screening behavior. Opportunities for people to become acquainted with thePap smear in a variety of ways and concern for healthy living and the need to have a healthy life to ensure qualityof life were also found to be important.Uterine cervical neoplasem,Papanicolaou Test,Regular screening,Iranhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57476.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57476_68aeb575e816432b8417c6abd97a081f.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Chromosome Abnormalities and Absolute Telomere Lengths of Leukocytes from Silk Weavers with Emphasis on Potential Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Silk Dyes541548ENOnanongKritpetcharatGraduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.konano@kku.ac.thLertchaiCharerntanyarakDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.lertchai@kku.ac.thUsaLek-UthaiDepartment of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.usa.lek@mahidol.ac.thPeerapolSukonDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.sukonp@kku.ac.thSuttiphanKitcharoenDepartment of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.sutpra@kku.ac.thPanutasKritpetcharatDepartment of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.kritpetcharat@icloud.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.541Objectives: This study is aimed to assess the possible genotoxicity and mutagenicity of silk dyes on silk weavers.Methods: Peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained from 24 silk weavers and 24 age- and sex-matched controls innortheastern Thailand. After mitogen stimulation in culture, chromosome abnormalities were examined using Giemsabanding and the absolute telomere length (aTL) was measured with SYBR green qRT-PCR. To confirm genotoxic andmutagenic effects of silk dyes, leukocytes from one each of healthy male and female volunteers were cultured withvarious concentrations of 3 dark red silk dyes under the presence of mitogen. Chromosome abnormalities and thetelomere length were determined as above. Results: The proportion of normal metaphase in the silk weaving workerswas significantly lower than that in controls. The frequency of chromosome aberrations was higher in the silk weaversthan in control group. Polyploidy was detected only in the silk weavers. The aTL was significantly shorter in the silkweavers than in control group (p < 0.05). When leukocytes from normal volunteers were stimulated with mitogen underthe presence of various concentrations of 3 silk dyes, suppressed the mitotic index (MI) and normal metaphase, whereasthe proportion of prophase and the incomplete chromosome forming increased significantly. All dyes induced polyploidy.Dye #CA5 induced structural changes in male leukocytes, whereas #30 induced the changes in female leukocytes.The #CA5 increased aTL of normal leukocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: All dyes, especially #CA5,have high genotoxicity and mutagenicity to induce chromosome aberrations and telomeric instability. Taken all thoseresults together, regular health checking of silk weavers who have been exposed to those dyes is critically necessaryto prevent various chemical-induced carcinogenesis.Silk dye,genotoxicity,chromosome,telomere,qRT-PCRhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57582.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57582_70afc559b72c83613c964ee9a693e2c3.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Joint Families and Cancer Diagnosis in Rural India549554ENSushantKoiralaSchool of Arts and Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States.kois@sas.upenn.edu10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.549Background: Each year, there are over a million new cases of cancer in India, which causes many untimely deathsand increases the economic burden to households. By focusing on preventative measures and finding socioeconomicand behavioral contributors to cancer, steps can be taken to help alleviate this burden. This study aims to find the effectliving in a joint family can have on being diagnosed with cancer in rural India. Methods: The study estimates theeffect living in a joint family, along with other demographic information, has on being diagnosed with cancer usinga logit estimation model. The data for the study was collected from a survey was conducted on the households of theHandiganur village (N=251) comprising of several demographic, social, and medical questions. Results: The studyfound that living in a joint family lowers the odds of having cancer. The results indicate that living in a joint familyreduces the probability of being diagnosed by 7.23 percentage points and is significant at a 5% level. Furthermore,among the other tested variables, eating habit is negatively significant at 5% level, suggesting that if a person eats 3 to4 times a day his or her likelihood of suffering from cancer will be lowered by 6.55 percentage points. Access to publicwells and drinking alcohol both increase the likelihood of being diagnosed with cancer by 7.90 (pJoint Families,Cancer,logit,Eating Habitshttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57583.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57583_ca83907b062ed47523e86771bfdbc766.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Matrine Induction of ROS Mediated Apoptosis in Human ALL B-lymphocytes Via Mitochondrial Targeting555560ENMarjanAghvamiFaculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.t.aghvami@gmail.comFatemehEbrahimiFaculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ebrahimi12315@gmail.comMohammad HadiZareiFaculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.mohammadhadi.zarei@yahoo.comAhmadSalimiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran.salimikd@yahoo.comRaziehPourahmad JaktajiDepartment of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahr-e-Kord
University, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran.razieh_jaktaji@yahoo.comJalalPourahmadFaculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.j.pourahmadjaktaji@utoronto.ca10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.555Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the most common malignancies among children,characterized by mass production of leukemic blasts. Chemotherapy is the first step in routine treatment, althoughit may evoke considerable side effects. Matrine, an alkaloid extracted from a Chinese herb, Sophora alopecuroidesflavescens Ait, may be protective. Several investigations have indicated pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects ina diverse range of cancer cells. Methods: Matrine’s anti-cancer effects and associated mechanisms were assessed inhuman ALL B-lymphocytes, focusing on parameters of inflammatory change and apoptosis. Results: Treatment ofALL B-lymphocytes with matrine augmented ROS generation, and caused mitochondrial swelling and a decline inmitochondrial membrane potential. Significant up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and down-regulation ofthe anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 were also noted. Conclusion: Our results suggest that matrine may be a potential anticanceragent. However, additional studies are needed to clarify involved mechanisms.Matrine,ALL B-lymphocytes,Mitochondria,Bcl-2/Bax,apoptosishttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57155.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57155_27c1996fca0f5a35aa1ae6894e43c010.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Informative Gene Selection for Cancer Classification with Microarray Data Using a Metaheuristic Framework561564ENPyingkodiMaranDepartment of Computer Applications, Kongu Engineering College Erode,
TamilNadu, India.pyingkodi@yahoo.co.inThangarajanRDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Kongu Engineering College Erode,
TamilNadu, India.thangs_68@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.561Objective: Cancer diagnosis is one of the most vital emerging clinical applications of microarray data. Due tothe high dimensionality, gene selection is an important step for improving expression data classification performance.There is therefore a need for effective methods to select informative genes for prediction and diagnosis of cancer.The main objective of this research was to derive a heuristic approach to select highly informative genes. Methods:A metaheuristic approach with a Genetic Algorithm with Levy Flight (GA-LV) was applied for classification of cancergenes in microarrays. The experimental results were analyzed with five major cancer gene expression benchmark datasets.Result: GA-LV proved superior to GA and statistical approaches, with 100% accuracy for the dataset for Leukemia,Lung and Lymphoma. For Prostate and Colon datasets the GA-LV was 99.5% and 99.2% accurate, respectively.Conclusion: The experimental results show that the proposed approach is suitable for effective gene selection with allbenchmark datasets, removing irrelevant and redundant genes to improve classification accuracy.Cancer diagnosis,Gene Treatments,Genomics,Gene Expression data,Genetic Algorithmhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56056.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56056_de7162b956b6dd619ef92f2a8d5a8a86.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Antimigration Activity of an Ethylacetate Fraction of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Fruits in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells565569ENUripHarahapDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.uripharahap@usu.ac.idPoppy Anjelisa ZaitunHasibuanDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.poppyanjelisa94@gmail.comPanalSitorusDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.sitoruspanal@gmail.comNurArfianDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia.nur_arfian@ugm.ac.idDennySatriaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia.dennysatria@usu.ac.id10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.565Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the antimigration activity of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.in the 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Methods: Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. fruit powder was extracted by macerationmethod with n-hexane and ethylacetate solvents. Cytotoxicity and proliferation were assessed using the MTT methodand the cell cycle by flow cytometry. In addition, wound healing assays were conducted by a microscopic method,and expression of COX-2 and VEGFR-2 were determined using qRT-PCR. Results: The IC50 of the ethylacetatefraction (EAF) was 48.1 ± 1.06 μg/mL. The EAE at a concentration 10 μg/mL with viable cells was 62.3 ± 0.28%after 72 h incubation, with accumulation in the G2-M phase, inhibition of cell migration in the wound healing assay,and decrease in expression of COX-2 (0.62 ± 0.01) and VEGFR-2 (0.39 ± 0.003). Conclusion: The results reveal thatan ethylacetate fraction of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. fruits provides effective antimigration effects. Furtherstudies are now planned to assess the potential of the ethylacetate fraction to inhibit angiogenesis in breast cancer anddetermine underlying mechanisms.Antimigration,Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. fruits,ethylacetatehttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57586.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57586_bbb768bfac84550f4e3c0a76dd2aa6c7.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Prognostic Significance of Serum Vitamin D Levels in Egyptian Females with Breast Cancer571576ENAbeerIsmailDepartment ofClinical and Chemical pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.abeersalah1@hotmail.comRehabEl AwadyDepartments of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), AL-Azhar University, Egypt.r.awady@yahoo.comGhadaAbdelsalamDepartment of Oncologic Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.dr.ghada.elshafaee@gmail.comMarwaHusseinDepartment of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.marwamayu2003@yahoo.comShimaaRamadanDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science ,HelwanUniveristy, Cairo, Egypt.shimaa.shawki@yahoo.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.571Objective: To determine the frequency and prognostic significance of vitamin D deficiency in Egyptian womenwith breast cancer (BC). Methods: This prospective study included 50 women with primary invasive, non-metastaticBC. The serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D was measured by ELISA at diagnosis, before any cancertreatment. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH) Dmonths (range: 18-48). Results: The median level of 25(OH)D was 29.0 ng/mL (range: 10.0-55.0 ng/mL). Fifteenpatients (30%) had vitamin D deficiency, which was positively associated with larger tumor size (p < 0.001), highergrade (p = 0.014), advanced stage (p = 0.001), lymph node positivity (p = 0.012), and HER2/neureceptor expression(p = 0.002). It was also linked with worse overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) (p = 0.026, andp = 0.004, respectively). On multivariate analysis, DFS was independently affected by vitamin D deficiency withan HR of 2.8 (95% CI: 1.6-7.0, p = 0.022) and advanced stage, i.e. stage II had worse survival compared to stage I withan HR of 4.8 (95%CI: 1.1-21.7, p = 0.042). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency had a negative effect on overall anddisease-free survival in our breast cancer cases, being related to tumor size, stage, grade, nodal status and HER2/neureceptor expression.Vitamine D,Cancer Breast,prognosishttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56065.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_56065_b8393f934a8ab803b97b3dcbfe2c9e82.pdfWest Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention (WAOCP)Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention1513-73682476-762X19220180201Factors Associated with Colorectal Cancer Among Jordanians: a Case- Control Study577581ENMoawiah MKhatatbehDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.moawia.m@yu.edu.joKhaled AJadallah0000-0001-9177-0980Department of Internal Medicine, King
Abdullah University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.khaled-j@just.edu.joMohammedAL BashtawyPrincess Salma Faculty
of Nursing, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.mohammadbash@aabu.edu.joSuad AHamaydehDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.suadmalkawi1995@gmail.comMays AGharaibehDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.maysgharaibeh7@gmail.comNadia BKanaanDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.nadiabaselka10@gmail.comBara MAlsmadiDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.walasmadi52@gmail.com10.22034/APJCP.2018.19.2.577Objective: In recent years, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Jordan has been on the rise. We aimed todetermine associations with lifestyle factors, demographic and clinical variables. Methods: This case-control studyincluded 102 patients diagnosed with CRC and 198 age and gender matched healthy subjects as controls. Cases werepurposefully sampled; however, the control group were selected by simple random sampling of a cross-section of thepopulation in Northern Jordan. Participating cases and controls completed an anonymous questionnaire inquiring abouttheir demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and clinical variables. Data about the medical history and diagnosisof participating cases were obtained from the cases themselves and confirmed by reviewing their medical records.Results: In the cross tabulation analysis, the Chi square test showed that diabetes and hypertension were significantlyassociated with CRC (P Case-control,Colorectal Cancer,Jordan,Lifestylehttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57449.htmlhttp://journal.waocp.org/article_57449_3045e382b4981faab925ea17f00dd161.pdf