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Dipole-induced Dipole Forces

Attractive forces are operative not only between the two molecules with permanent dipoles but also between a molecule having a dipole moment and a molecule without any dipole moment like CH4. As the size of the atom increases the influence of the electric dipole on it also increases. The electron cloud of the molecule is deformed in the electric field of the permanent dipole. This causes a shift in the center of gravity of the negative charge relative to the nuclear charge and leads to the formation of an induced dipole moment. The interaction energy is also proportional and also depends upon the dipole moment of the permanent dipole and the polarizability of the second molecule. Molecules of larger size have higher polarizability. Interaction between two dipolar molecules also includes additive dipole-dipole induced interactions.