Learning Emacs Lisp can help you really tweak your Emacs environment to fit you, saving time, smoothening out frustrations, and making things easier. Reading code is an essential part of learning how to code. By reading other people’s code, you’ll not only discover interesting syntax and library features, but you’ll also start absorbing the idioms – the ways of doing things. (This is why it’s important to read good, well-formatted code.)

Where to find code

You can use C-h k (describe-key) to explore the code behind keystrokes, menu items, and mouse actions. If the source code is installed, you should see a hyperlink in the information window that appears. It’s a good idea to install the Emacs Lisp source code for Emacs.

If you know the name of the function you’re interested in, C-h f (describe-function) will link to the source code and describe the function.

How to understand code

At first glance, Emacs Lisp looks like a mess of parentheses and strange incantations. setq? defun? cdar?

This is true at second glance, too.

Read through the Emacs Lisp intro manual either online or in Emacs (C-h i m Emacs Lisp Intro). You’ll probably understand very little the first few times through. This is okay. All you need to do is get a vague idea of what things are called so that you can look them up when you need to.

Now read your code again. Slightly of it should make sense.

Skim the Emacs Lisp manual, too. This is a reference, so you’ll understand even less of it as an Emacs Lisp newbie, but it’s good for picking up terms.

You don’t need to understand all of Emacs Lisp in order to take advantage of other people’s configuration snippets. You’ll learn things along the way.

Make liberal use of C-h f to describe functions and C-h v (describe-variable) to investigate. You can jump to function definitions with find-function, which is worth binding to a keystroke. For example, to map F8 to find-function temporarily, use M-x global-set-key RET F8 find-function.

How to step through code

Edebug is an interactive debugger for Emacs so that you can step through the code instead of guessing what the code will do. (Edebug documentation) Use M-x edebug-defun to prepare the function you’re interested in, then run the function. Press SPC to step through the code, e to evaluate expressions (you can use this to find the values of numbers), h to continue until the specified point, b to set a breakpont, g to execute until a breakpoint, and q to stop debugging.

Super awesome.

How to make code your own

You can copy code to the *scratch* buffer or another file, tweak it a little, evaluate or edebug the code, and see what changed. If you like your changes, you can: