Average, RMSD, and drift are calculated with full precision from the simulation (see printed manual). Drift is calculated by performing a least-squares fit of the data to a straight line. The reported total drift is the difference of the fit at the first and last point. An error estimate of the average is given based on a block averages over 5 blocks using the full-precision averages. The error estimate can be performed over multiple block lengths with the options -nbmin and -nbmax. Note that in most cases the energy files contains averages over all MD steps, or over many more points than the number of frames in energy file. This makes the gmx energy statistics output more accurate than the .xvg output. When exact averages are not present in the energy file, the statistics mentioned above are simply over the single, per-frame energy values.

The term fluctuation gives the RMSD around the least-squares fit.

Some fluctuation-dependent properties can be calculated provided the correct energy terms are selected, and that the command line option -fluct_props is given. The following properties will be computed:

Property

Energy terms needed

Heat capacity C_p (NPT sims):

Enthalpy, Temp

Heat capacity C_v (NVT sims):

Etot, Temp

Thermal expansion coeff. (NPT):

Enthalpy, Vol, Temp

Isothermal compressibility:

Vol, Temp

Adiabatic bulk modulus:

Vol, Temp

You always need to set the number of molecules -nmol. The C_p/C_v computations do not include any corrections for quantum effects. Use the gmx dos program if you need that (and you do).

When the -viol option is set, the time averaged violations are plotted and the running time-averaged and instantaneous sum of violations are recalculated. Additionally running time-averaged and instantaneous distances between selected pairs can be plotted with the -pairs option.

Options -ora, -ort, -oda, -odr and -odt are used for analyzing orientation restraint data. The first two options plot the orientation, the last three the deviations of the orientations from the experimental values. The options that end on an 'a' plot the average over time as a function of restraint. The options that end on a 't' prompt the user for restraint label numbers and plot the data as a function of time. Option -odr plots the RMS deviation as a function of restraint. When the run used time or ensemble averaged orientation restraints, option -orinst can be used to analyse the instantaneous, not ensemble-averaged orientations and deviations instead of the time and ensemble averages.

Option -oten plots the eigenvalues of the molecular order tensor for each orientation restraint experiment. With option -ovec also the eigenvectors are plotted.

where k is Boltzmann's constant, T is set by -fetemp and the average is over the ensemble (or time in a trajectory). Note that this is in principle only correct when averaging over the whole (Boltzmann) ensemble and using the potential energy. This also allows for an entropy estimate using:

When a second energy file is specified (-f2), a free energy difference is calculated:

dF = -kT ln(<exp(-(E_B-E_A)/kT)>_A) ,

where E_A and E_B are the energies from the first and second energy files, and the average is over the ensemble A. The running average of the free energy difference is printed to a file specified by -ravg. Note that the energies must both be calculated from the same trajectory.