14. Keep Axis labels at a readable angle

For easy visibility, if there is a lot of text in the axis label, make sure you always rotate the labels to 270o or 90o.

15. Start Y axis with zero

For bar charts, the numerical Y-axis must start at zero. Our eyes are very sensitive to the area of bars, and we draw inaccurate conclusions when those bars are truncated.

16. Keep your charts free of clutter

Keep charts simple. One way to simplify charts is by removing extra elements, like borders, gridlines, decimal numbers, etc.

17. Try horizontal bar charts to fit long labels

To increase readability for bar graphs that have multiple categories with long names, horizontal bar graphs can be used.

18. Format Y axis values to include the largest data point

Make sure that your data does not overflow but falls under the x axis.

Look at the last bar (highlighted in red) in the image below. The bar is out of the chart area because the data is more than the Y-axis. Always make sure you reset the Y-axis from the format axis option.

19. Keep bar heights optimal

In the figure, the UK bar is too high and hard to compare with the rest of the countries.

Adjust the bar height manually and add a breaking symbol on top of the bar.

20. Label data in pie charts according to size of chart

Do not place the data labels outside a pie graph. If the pie chart is big, the chart will look empty.

This chart is easy to read because the labels are integrated within the chart.

21. Keep special effects to a minimum in complex pie charts

Do not add too many effects to complex pie charts.

Make them simple and easy to read.

22. Opt for solid fill to highlight sections in pie charts

Do not highlight a section of a chart with outline. This does not make the section stand out well.

Instead, the chart can be highlighted by fully filling the sections in a contrast color or a darker shade of the same color.

23. Use legends if you have too many data labels

Don’t overload the chart with information.

You can add just the data labels and add a legend for the categories, to make the chart look clean.

24. Place data logically

Segments chart clockwise from smallest to largest.

It’s intuitive to read top to bottom and clockwise. Reading a pie chart is like reading a clock. Whoever is reading the chart will start at 12 0’ clock and go clockwise, so place your information accordingly.

25. Maintain the bar graph height according to the numbers.

Always use actual graphs instead of graph-like shapes.

26. Use suitable background images

Unsuitable background images can be distracting.

To keep the image behind the graph, you can either make the background lighter or darker so that the reader can easily make out the difference between the content and the background.

27. Use color schemes that enhance visibility

Your focus should always be on the message you want to share. A dark background for a dark-colored graph will dilute the intensity of the data or message and will affect the visibility and/or clarity.

Clean is the new trend. In the figure above see how your data pops out. It looks clean and professional, unlike the graph on the left.

28. Use highlights based on information be conveyed

Highlights in a line chart will depend upon the information that is to be conveyed. In the example here, Portland is highlighted since it has the highest value. To ensure that your highlight stands out, have lighter shades for the other data. If you do not have to highlight, then make them all grey but use different shades. However, it all depends on the type of information that you want to show.

29. Make comparison apparent

Notice that the chart above is a comparison between 2015 and 2016, and that even though the data points in 2016 are higher than in 2015, still 2015 looks greater than 2016. That gives the wrong message to the reader/audience.

To ensure that such mistakes do not happen, make sure that you always set the Y-axis to the same value so that the difference is apparent at first glance.

30. Use colors judiciously

A multitude of colors can confuse readers.

An elegant way to use colors would be to make sure that the shading of the bars moves from light to dark.

The effect would be both easy on the eye and also make comparison easy.

31. Use appropriate shapes in a flow chart

In a flow chart, do not use same type of shapes for each section.

Each shape has a meaning or function. Always use the correct shapes according to the function.

32. Use the right fit to represent percentages

In the figure, the shapes have been given heights at random. The height of the shapes does not align with the data points (percentages, in this case) that they represent.

Here, the right way is to adjust the height of the shapes according to the percentage values that go in.

33. Don’t let pictures overpower data

The picture superiority effect refers to the phenomenon in which pictures and images are more likely to be remembered than words.

Pictures are powerful. So, take care that they do not overpower your data.

Designing charts can be difficult when a lot of data is involved. But by using the minimalist design concept, in a presentation you strike a balance between your charts and content.

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