(3)“marine environment” means those areas of coastal and ocean waters, the Great Lakes and their connecting waters, and submerged lands over which the United States exercises jurisdiction, including the exclusive economic zone, consistent with international law;

(4)“Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce;

(5)“State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and any other commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States;

(6)“damages” includes—

(A)compensation for—

(i)

(I)the cost of replacing, restoring, or acquiring the equivalent of a sanctuary resource; and

(II)the value of the lost use of a sanctuary resource pending its restoration or replacement or the acquisition of an equivalent sanctuary resource; or

(ii)the value of a sanctuary resource if the sanctuary resource cannot be restored or replaced or if the equivalent of such resource cannot be acquired;

(B)the cost of damage assessments under section
1443(b)(2) of this title;

(C)the reasonable cost of monitoring appropriate to the injured, restored, or replaced resources;

(D)the cost of curation and conservation of archeological, historical, and cultural sanctuary resources; and

(E)the cost of enforcement actions undertaken by the Secretary in response to the destruction or loss of, or injury to, a sanctuary resource;

(7)“response costs” means the costs of actions taken or authorized by the Secretary to minimize destruction or loss of, or injury to, sanctuary resources, or to minimize the imminent risks of such destruction, loss, or injury, including costs related to seizure, forfeiture, storage, or disposal arising from liability under section
1443 of this title;

(8)“sanctuary resource” means any living or nonliving resource of a national marine sanctuary that contributes to the conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, educational, cultural, archeological, scientific, or aesthetic value of the sanctuary; and

(9)“exclusive economic zone” means the exclusive economic zone as defined in the Magnuson-Stevens Act; and

(10)“System” means the National Marine Sanctuary System established by section
1431 of this title.

The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 94–265, Apr. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 331, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 38 (§ 1801 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section
1801 of this title and Tables.

1996—Par. (6)(C). Pub. L. 104–283, § 9(b)(1), which directed substitution of a semicolon for “, and” at end, was executed by substituting a semicolon for the comma at end to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

1984—Pub. L. 98–498amended section generally, substituting provisions which set forth definitions for provisions which related to the designation of sanctuaries. See section
1433 of this title.

1982—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–375substituted provision that Secretary submit a biennial report on or before March 1 of every other year beginning in 1984 for provision that Secretary submit an annual report on or before November 1 of each year, and substituted reference to previous two fiscal years for reference to previous fiscal year.

1980—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–332, § 2(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out provision that a designation under this section would become effective sixty days after it was published unless the Governor of any State involved, before the expiration of the sixty-day period, certified to Secretary that the designation, or a specified portion thereof, was unacceptable to his State, in which case the designated sanctuary would not include the area certified as unacceptable until such time as the Governor withdrew his certification of unacceptability, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 96–332, § 2(2), designated existing provisions as par. (2), added pars. (1), (3), and (4), and, in par. (2) as so designated, substituted “The Secretary, after consultation with other interested Federal and State agencies, shall issue necessary and reasonable regulations to implement the terms of the designation and control the activities described in it, except that all permits, licenses, and other authorizations issued pursuant to any other authority shall be valid unless such regulations otherwise provide” for “After a marine sanctuary has been designated under this section, the Secretary, after consultation with other interested Federal agencies, shall issue necessary and reasonable regulations to control any activities permitted within the designated marine sanctuary, and no permit, license, or other authorization issued pursuant to any other authority shall be valid unless the Secretary shall certify that the permitted activity is consistent with the purposes of this chapter and can be carried out within the regulations promulgated under this section”.

Pub. L. 100–627, title II, § 210,Nov. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 3223, provided that: “Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 7, 1988], the Secretary of Commerce—

“(1) shall propose regulations implementing the amendments made by this title [enacting sections
1440 to
1445 of this title, amending sections
1432,
1434, and
1437 of this title, and repealing section
1438 of this title]; and

“(2) shall issue final regulations implementing the amendments made by the Marine Sanctuaries Amendments of 1984 [enacting sections
1435 to
1439 of this title and amending sections
1431 to
1434 of this title].”