A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene +61 A/G in the 5′-untranslated region has been reported to be associated with susceptibility to glioma. A case-control study (1168 glioma patients and 194 normal controls) was conducted to elucidate its possible association with the risk of glioma in the Chinese population. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay was used to analyze the EGF genotypes. The genotyping results were further confirmed by direct sequencing. The EGF +61 A and +61 G allele frequencies in the glioma group were 32.1% and 67.9%, respectively, while they were 30.4% and 69.6% in the healthy controls. Furthermore, the frequency of the A/A, A/G and G/G genotypes in glioma patients was 8.9%, 46.4%, and 44.7%, respectively, and 8.3%, 44.3%, and 47.4% in controls. There was no significant difference between patients and healthy controls. The EGF +61 A/G and +61 G/G genotypes were not significantly associated with risk of glioma compared with the A/A genotype. In addition, no significant association was observed between EGF polymorphism and different histological grades of glioma. These results indicate that the EGF +61 A/G polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility to glioma in the Chinese population. In addition, a literature review revealed a significantly higher rate of the A/A genotype in Caucasian compared with East Asian subjects. Such differences in genotype distribution between Caucasian and Asian people should be taken into account in future studies. (Int J Biol Markers 2009; 24: 77-82)