Scattered forests of pine, cedar, oak, and juniper are found on the slopes up to 8,000 feet (2,500 m). White limestone ridges are common, and in the western Taurus are many enclosed basins with lakes at elevations averaging 3,200 feet (1,000 m). Except for the large areas of deep-soiled fertile lands in the Cicilian Plain below Adana, the coastal plains to the south are small, and the entire region is thinly populated and isolated from the interior by mountain barriers. Of the passageways crossing the mountains, the Cilician Gates (Külek Boğazı) is the most famous, having been used by caravans and armies since antiquity. Nearby is the only railway line that crosses the Taurus proper, joining Kayseri with Adana. Mineral deposits, partly exploited, include silver, copper, lignite, zinc, iron, and arsenic.

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