Writing board papers

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Othello is one of ShakespeareÃ¢â¬â¢s tragedies; originally written as a play and performed to an Elizabethan audience. Othello and many of ShakespeareÃ¢â¬â¢s other plays have been performed to various audiences since, and have been adapted into Opera, Ballet, Film and television productions. Othello has survived the centuries to this day and age; and continues to captivate and remain relevant to a modern audience; Othello certainly is a timeless classic work of art. Ã¢â¬Å"The object of tragic imitation is men in action.Ã¢â¬  As stated by Aristotle in his work, Poetics. Othello consists of men in action, in more than one sense; Othello (titular character protagonist), Iago and Cassio are Ã¢â¬Ëmen of actionÃ¢â¬â¢ and additionally, throughout the play we are able toÃ¢â¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â¬ ¦Iago wakens Brabantio (DesdemonaÃ¢â¬â¢s father), Ã¢â¬Å"Even now. NowÃ¢â¬ ¦ an old black ramÃ¢â¬ ¦white eweÃ¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬  Iago wakens Brabantio (DesdemonaÃ¢â¬â¢s father) of n ews that his daughter has eloped with Othello. He uses racial slurs (white ewe, old black ram), IagoÃ¢â¬â¢s imagery of animals also makes reference to OthelloÃ¢â¬â¢s supposed untameable sexual urges and bestiality which were common beliefs about Ã¢â¬ËmoorsÃ¢â¬â¢ or Ã¢â¬ËblacksÃ¢â¬â¢ during the Elizabethan era. BrabantioÃ¢â¬â¢s mind is shaken as Iago manipulates his (BrabantioÃ¢â¬â¢s) fears of inter-racial marriage/sex. Iago also refers to Othello as the devil (which is ironic due to Iago being more likely to be likened as such, with his Ã¢â¬Ëmotiveless malignityÃ¢â¬â¢ and Machiavellian schemes.) which plays on the Elizabethan notion that black men were evil and the devil often took the shape and form-factor of a black man. Brabantio later accuses Othello of using Black Magic to win DesdemonaÃ¢â¬â¢s hand, which may be in reference to said notion. The Duke of Venice, in defence of Othello says,Ã¢â¬Å" And, noble signor, ... far more fair than blackÃ¢â¬  , Not a ll Venetians see Othello in the same light as Brabantio, The Duke and the senators are obviously filled with veneration for the great military leader. Shakespeare plays with light and dark imagery here, although the Duke speaks of Othello in a highly virtuous and courteous manner, he still treats the notion of Ã¢â¬ËblacknessÃ¢â¬â¢ as an undesirable feature, or bearing negative connotations. RatherShow MoreRelated Racism in William Shakespeares Othello Essay1059 Words Ã |Ã 5 PagesShakespeares Othello The play, Othello, is certainly, in part, the tragedy of racism. Examples of racism are common throughout the dialog. This racism is directed toward Othello, a brave soldier from Africa and currently supreme commander of the Venetian army. Nearly every character uses a racial slur to insult Othello at one point in the play. Even Emilia sinks to the level of insulting Othello based on the color of his skin. The character that most commonly makes racist remarks in Othello is IagoRead MoreRacism In Othello Analysis829 Words Ã |Ã 4 PagesRacism in Othello.Ã¢â¬  Shakespeare Quarterly, vol. 44, no. 3, Oct. 1993, p. 304. In this article, the author relates the idea of primal scene to racism in Ã¢â¬Å"OthelloÃ¢â¬ . Primal scene is a psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud. This theory claims once a child imagines or sees their parents having sexual relations they will be unable to repress this image from reappearing in th eir mind. The author relates this theory to the play Ã¢â¬Å"OthelloÃ¢â¬  by mentioningRead MoreExploring the Causes of the Tragedy of ShakespeareÃ ´s Othello1014 Words Ã |Ã 4 Pagesunfavorable circumstances. In the play Othello, William Shakespeare uses the literary device characterization in sequence to convey that OthelloÃ¢â¬â¢s tragic flaw is the main reason that brings Othello to his downfall --- death. The causes of the tragedy of Othello are OthelloÃ¢â¬â¢s gullibility to Iago, jealousy of DesdemonaÃ¢â¬â¢s affair, and male pride. To begin, one factor that causes OthelloÃ¢â¬â¢s downfall is that he is characterized by gullibility. Firstly, Othello is tricked by Iago, who leads him to believeRead MoreOthello, The Moor Of Venice, Is One Of The Principal Tragedies1180 Words Ã |Ã 5 PagesOthello, the Moor of Venice, is one of the principal tragedies by Shakespeare. This tragedy contains many themes which are important in society today. Many aspects of people s lives have changed, but the way people think is still the same . Shakespeare s Othello wants to underline the psychological and social impact of racism; and the power of manipulation as well as jealousy. These are the most important themes throughout this drama. Othello takes place in Venice, Italy. He was a black generalRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Use Language and Dramatic Devices to Present the Theme of Jealousy in Othello?1497 Words Ã |Ã 6 Pageslanguage and dramatic devices to present the theme of jealousy in Othello? ----- Othello weaves a tragic tale of love, jealousy and murder. Set in Venice and progressing to Cyprus, ShakespeareÃ¢â¬â¢s Othello follows the cursed path of its namesake, a black soldier whose love for his wife ultimately results in her death. Woven into the socially and emotionally delicate plot is a multitude of key themes, including race (OthelloÃ¢â¬â¢s colour), love, and jealousy. A key figure, if not the most important in the playRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello 1131 Words Ã |Ã 5 PagesAn Analysis of Othello by Shakespeare Shakespeare is known for his use of recurring themes throughout his work, including love, death and betrayal. These themes are present in his work of Othello. However, the most fundamental issue is jealousy. The lives of the characthers in Othello are ruined by jealousy from the beginning to the end of the play. The telling of the story is carried out by passion, jealousy, and death. ShakespeareÃ¢â¬â¢s Othello reveals devastating tragic inevitability, stunning psychologicalRead MoreFour Main Characters in Othello by William Shakespeare900 Words Ã |Ã 4 PagesOthello is a play about the Moor of Venice who is a black man in the 1600s. The play revolves around four central characters: Othello, a general in the Venetian army; his new wife, Desdemona; his lieutenant, Cassio; and his trusted ensign, Iago. Even though Othello isnt introduced until (Act 1 Scene2), there are several perceptions we already have of him. Since Iago is the first to speak of Othello, we may conclude that Ot hello is an animal or a man that doesnt deserve to be a part of VenetianRead MoreOthello The Destruction Of Power Essay1699 Words Ã |Ã 7 PagesOthello, the Destruction of Power As William Shakespeare has written many plays, none may be as powerful as Othello, the Moor of Venice. With the entanglement of love, deception, power and yes even race was an issue in those days in 1597. Although, Othello finds love, it comes at such a cost to him and his wife, Desdemona, with things such as deceit, jealousy, race and even alienation. When a person has as much power as Othello had, it will typically come with a cost, and his cost was death to himRead MoreSymbol In Injullo Desdemona And Lago Characters In Othello1071 Words Ã |Ã 5 Pagessymbol in the play. It is the root influences of Othello, Desdemona and Lago characters in the play. The handkerchief is the tool for Lago revenge against Othello. Also, the handkerchief plays a pivotal role that lead to Othello demise. Lastly, the handkerchief is Desdemona love for Othello. The handkerchief represents different meaning to all different characters in the play. The handkerchief is Desdemona love for Othello but also the cause Othello suspension of his wife disloyalty. According toRead MoreRace, Religion, and the Significance of Stereotypes in Othello1688 Words Ã |Ã 7 Pageswritten multiple works that incorporate generalizations of his era. For example, Shylock from The Merchant of Venice served as the archetypal Jew of the late 16th century. Othello explicitly includes race and religion as a fundamental part of the motivations behind the charactersÃ¢â¬â¢ actions. In Othello, Shakespeare portrays Othello as a character that transcends stereotypes yet still has some connections to his cultural and religious origins. Shakespeare illustrates how early 17th century Venetian stereotypes

Monday, May 18, 2020

In Greek mythology Hades is the god of the Underworld. He is part of the first olympians. He was in his father Cronus stomach until Zeus tricked him and freed his brothers and sisters. Once they were free they needed to wage war on Cronus, but they needed the backing and support from some other creatures to help fight the war. So the went to Tartarus the Greek equivalent of hell. When they were the set the Cyclopes free, in return the Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades all got magical items. Hades got a magical helmet that made him turn invisible. This would help in the war with Cronus and the Titans. Cronus was finally defeated when Hades got the jump on Cronus with his magic helmet and poseidon pinned him down with his trident. The Zeus gave the final blow with his lightning bolt to end it. (Parada) Then the 3 brothers drew for who would rule the Sky, Sea, and The Underworld. Hades got Tartarus. The other gods thought this was a good fit for him because he was quiet and was mysterious among the other gods. (Atsma) So Hades had the power over death and ruled the dead. His job was to guard Tartarus from any living soul entering and dead souls escaping. To help with this Hades had his three headed dog Cerberus that guarded the entrance. Although in Greek mythology there are many stories of the living entering Hades Realm. Then the only other way to enter was to give the ferryman (A man that took the dead to Tartarus) a gold coin that took the dead across the river Styx toShow MoreRelatedHades : The God Of The Underworld And The Dead1089 Words Ã |Ã 5 Pages Hades: The god of the Underworld and the dead Introduction: Hades or Polydegmon, which means Ã¢â¬ËÃ¢â¬â¢ the unseenÃ¢â¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ and Ã¢â¬ËÃ¢â¬â¢ host of many guestsÃ¢â¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ respectively was the Greek god of the underworld and the dead in ancient Greece. HadesÃ¢â¬â¢ adopted Roman name was Pluto which literally means wealth and riches because the hidden wealth of the Earth. Hades is a third generation god and the offspring of the Titans Rhea and Cronus. HadesÃ¢â¬â¢ did not live on Mount Olympus with the other Olympians but rather in the UnderworldRead MoreEssay about Hades1389 Words Ã |Ã 6 Pagesthe underworld as a place for all the dead and clearly visualized it in their myths and legends. The underworld in Greek mythology was not a lively place, for it was where all the dead souls went. When a person died, the soul would be sent to Hades, a more formal name for the underworld. quot;The dead would go to Hades because there was no annihilation in the Greek mythology. The dead are dead because they have a flavorless and unhappy existencequot;. The primary ruling god of the underworld isRead MoreHades and the Odyssey1451 Words Ã |Ã 6 PagesHades, also known as Aides and Aidoneus, was the son of Kronos and Rhea, and the youngest brother of Zeus and Poseidon. He was the ruler of the mythological subterranean region called the underworld, which was inhabited by the Ã¢â¬Å"shadesÃ¢â¬  or spirits of the dead. It was also home to dethroned or exiled deities who had been overthrown by Zeus and his allies. Hades and his brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, dethroned Kronos and the other Titans and then divided up earth among the three of them. Zeus reinedRead MoreHades, an Influence on Greek Society1029 Words Ã |Ã 5 PagesGreek gods, the basis of Greek culture and religion, are the center of GreeksÃ¢â¬â¢ superstitions and ways to worship. These relate to the godÃ¢â¬â¢s origin and their deeds in their myths. Gods can either show jealousy, courage, or kindness to mortals and other gods, so Greeks label the gods based on their qu alities. In most circumstances, the Greeks decide whether to worship or despise a god only by whom or what they rule over. For example, Greeks show reluctance in worshipping Hades, the Lord of the UnderworldRead MoreGreek Mythology - Original Writing Essay917 Words Ã |Ã 4 PagesDemeter had hidden Persephone from gods so that no one would be able to marry her because her daughter was beautiful. After her mother had gone, Persephone and her friends went to pick flowers outside. SheÃ¢â¬â¢s trying to find the best daisies. Persephone ran away from her friends and was soon on her own. Suddenly, Persephone heard some noise and she looked up into the sky. She saw a chariot pulled by four black horses, driven by Hades, who was the god of the underworld. Because Persephone was very beautifulRead MoreEssay about The Afterlife has Fascinated Religion Since the Down of Time1235 Words Ã |Ã 5 Pageshave a God dedicated to this very belief. Despite the Greeks having many powerful Gods, the God of the underworld and afterlife is the most feared. Not only is Hades the least favored by humans, but by the other Gods as well. He seems to repel others with his dark features before they understand his story, and what he is truly like. This puts him on the stereotypical Ã¢â¬Ëbad sideÃ¢â¬â¢ due to his Kingdom and subjects. This comes from all humans natural fear of death, and the unknown. Hades hasRead MoreThe Between Greek And Roman Mythology1128 Words Ã |Ã 5 Pagesare not far fetched. Hades, the Greek god, and Pluto, the Roman god, are nearly identical gods that both ruled what is told to be the Underworld. In each of their myths, the reclusive gods became infatuated with their niece and kidnapped the unsuspecting maiden. This act is the root of the major conflict in a myth about unrequited love, desire, deprivation, and insatiability, centered around Hades and Pluto, which are two gods with parallel stories and characteristics. Hades has not one, but twoRead MoreThe Etiology Of The Seasons Essay840 Words Ã |Ã 4 PagesDemeter had hidden Persephone from gods so that no one would be able to marry her. After her mother had gone, Persephone and her friends went to pick flowers. Trying to find the best daisies, Persephone wandered away from her friends and was soon on her own. All of a sudden, Persephone heard a noise and looked up into the sky. She saw a chariot pulled by four black horses, driven by Hades, the god of the underworld. Because Persephone was very beautiful and innocent, Hades instantly fell in love with herRead MoreAncient Greece : An Amazing Place With Culture And A Thriving Population1353 Words Ã |Ã 6 Pageswas an Amazing place with culture and a thriving population. With all these people someone had to wonder, Where do I go when I die? Myths of great places, terrible monsters and amazing heroes grew out of this question. The people invented the underworld, the place you go when you die. The Greeks also performed rituals on their dead. Some rituals and customs are unorthodox and considered strange in these times. The Greeks thought that at the moment of death, the life force or psyche left theRead MoreHades and the Underworld1043 Words Ã |Ã 5 Pagesbelieved in certain Gods and Goddesses and their mythological stories. Among the many gods and goddesses there was Athena, Goddess of wisdom, crafts, and war. Also there was Apollo, God of the sun, music, healing, prophecy, and poetry. ApolloÃ¢â¬â¢s twin sister Artemis Goddess of hunting and archery. Then thereÃ¢â¬â¢s Poseidon, God of the ocean and brother to the most powerful God of them all, the God of all Gods, Zeus. However, there was only one specific God that mortals and even Gods feared, the brother

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

CM382 Critical theories of communication (encoding/decoding) Critical theory is interested in power, dominance Ideology Ã¢â¬Å"Received wisdomÃ¢â¬  about the world (beliefs, values etc.) typically benefits people at top more than people at bottom Ideology legitimizes, justifies and naturalizes social system To analyse ideology we must uncover how the status quo provides large advantages to those who already have more power and privilege John Thompson (1990) defines ideology as Ã¢â¬Å"meaning in the service of powerÃ¢â¬  Ã¢â¬Å"HegemonyÃ¢â¬  = dominance by consent (but it is never complete) Ã¢â¬Å"The challenge facing us as students of the mass media is to examine the workings of, and sometimes the tensions between, dominant andÃ¢â¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â¬ ¦The moment of the text: -symbolic construction and arrangement -form and content of what is published or broadcast 3. The moment of decoding: -moment of reception/consumption...by the reader/hearer/viewer [which is] Ã¢â¬Ëcloser to a form of Ã¢â¬Å"constructionÃ¢â¬  than to Ã¢â¬Ëthe passivity....suggested by the term Ã¢â¬Å"receptionÃ¢â¬  The Ã¢â¬Å"dominant codeÃ¢â¬  = preferred reading [e.g. police are our guardians and young rioters are Ã¢â¬ËdeviantsÃ¢â¬â¢] The Ã¢â¬Å"negotiated codeÃ¢â¬  = largely accepts dominant code but takes account of a particular groupÃ¢â¬â¢s place within social structure [e.g. police are in general good for society but treat some groups, such as immigrants, unfairly] The Ã¢â¬Ëoppositional codeÃ¢â¬â¢ = rejects dominant code [e.g. Police are instrument of oppression] Advertising encoding/decoding Mathew Soar draws on hall, but also on Pierre Bourdieu [Ã¢â¬Å"Cultural capitalÃ¢â¬ ] Suggest that studies of advertising have overwhelming focused on ends rather than means Soar suggests that advertising encoders (and creatives in particular) are primarily a self-addressing group Myra Georgiou (2012) Ã¢â¬ËWatching Soap Opera in the DiasporaÃ¢â¬â¢ [Soap operas challenge hegemonic discourses of gender in regions of origin] Sarita Malik (2012) Ã¢â¬ËThe Indian family on UK Reality TelevisionÃ¢â¬â¢ [Examines documentary/reality series The Family ] Ã¢â¬ËThe Grewal family - standing in here for the hegemonic authentic Indian family ... have just the Ã¢â¬Ëright amountÃ¢â¬â¢ of cultural differenceÃ¢â¬â¢ (MalikShow MoreRelatedNonverbal Communication : The Method Of Encoding And Decoding1108 Words Ã |Ã 5 PagesNonverbal communication consists of the method of encoding and decoding. Encoding is the act of producing the communication using gestures, facial expressions, and posture. Decoding is the process of receiving the information and how the individual processes that information based on their previous experiences. Culture plays a significant role that helps the way learning activities are organized. Nonverbal communication consists of visual cues such as kinesics, proxemics, paralanguage, and hapticsRead MoreNonverbal Communication Involves The Processes Of Encoding And Decoding Essay1055 Words Ã |Ã 5 Pages Nonverbal communication involves the processes of encoding and decoding. Encoding is the act of generating the information such as facial expressions, gestures, and postures. Decoding is the interpretation of information from received sensations from previous experiences. Nonverbal communication between people is communication through sending and receiving wordless cues. It includes the use of visual cues such as body language, distance and physical environments/appearance and of touch. It canRead More Stuart Hall - Encoding and Decoding Essay examples3111 Words Ã |Ã 13 PagesDuring the late 1970s, Hall produced at least two papers on the COMS paradigm he called encoding/decoding, in which he builds on the work of Roland Barthes. What follows is a synthesis of two of these papers, offered in the interest of capturing the nuances he gave his presentations. The numbers in brackets identify the two papers (the bibliographic details are provided at the end). ENCODING AND DECODING 1. introduction 2. research project research question 3. approach taken theoreticalRead MoreListening Is A Key Part Of Encoding And Decoding The Message1431 Words Ã |Ã 6 Pagesuses all of our senses to convey a message through perceiving of sound? Our, hearing, smell, taste and touch are part of our senses that we sometimes use without knowing we are doing it. Moreover, listening correctly, can be a crucial part of encoding and decoding the message, for clarification and understanding what the message is conveying. While deciphering messages, you get a sense of understanding what the message is trying to express. Next, is trying to remember or recall what the message is soRead MoreAnalysis Of Robin Thicke s The Summer 1172 Words Ã |Ã 5 Pages tended to be off-putting for women, even though there was supposedly no intention of sexist allusions. When viewed through the lens of Stuart HallÃ¢â¬â¢s Ã¢â¬Å"Encoding/decodingÃ¢â¬  model, the stark contrast between the creatorsÃ¢â¬â¢ intended meaning of the Ã¢â¬Å"Blurred LinesÃ¢â¬  video and the way in which the audience perceived it illustrates In Ã¢â¬Å"Encoding/decoding,Ã¢â¬  Stuart Hall provides audiences with an alternate process of communication. Instead of following the Ã¢â¬Å"sender/message/receiverÃ¢â¬  structure, Hall examinesRead More1. the Three Positions Taken When Decoding an Image Are Said to Be Dominant, Negotiated and Oppositional. Choose Two Images, One from the Genre of Documentary and One from Advertising, and Explain the Process of1865 Words Ã |Ã 8 Pages1. The three positions taken when decoding an image are said to be dominant, negotiated and oppositional. Choose two images, one from the genre of documentary and one from advertising, and explain the process of encoding and decoding to explain these three positions the viewer may take when decoding your chosen images. Stuart HallÃ¢â¬â¢s text, Ã¢â¬Å"Encoding, DecodingÃ¢â¬  identifies three positions one can take in decoding an image. These three positions are dominant, negotiated and oppositional. In light ofRead MoreEssay about culture and communication2681 Words Ã |Ã 11 PagesÃ¯ » ¿How is Stuart HallÃ¢â¬â¢s Ã¢â¬Å"encoding/decodingÃ¢â¬  model an advance on the traditional Ã¢â¬Å"transmissionÃ¢â¬  model of communication? How does it change conventional views of how media products are consumed? As a transmission theory scholar studying in mass-communication research, Hall put forward Ã¢â¬Å"encoding and decoding Ã¢â¬Å"model which brings big effects and shocks the traditional transmission model. The traditional model divides the message sending into three parts, sender- message- receiver. It is called linearityRead MoreAdidas : Marketing Strategy With Hip Hop Rapper Kanye West1856 Words Ã |Ã 8 Pageswith artists (Adidas-Group). These artists includes Rick Owens, Yohji Yamamoto, Raf Simons, etc. However, Adidas has climbed up to the top as a result of their collaboration and marketing strategy with hip-hop rapper Kanye West. It is the brandÃ¢â¬â¢s encoding of the music/rap culture and idolizing West, which is the very reason their profit has skyrocketed. Adidas has encoded their products to shape its consumers to become, or to feel as if they are Kanye West himself with their newest sneaker calledRead MoreTelevision Has The Power Of The Television Program By Horace Newc omb And Paul Hirsch1827 Words Ã |Ã 8 PagesAs a polysemic text, television has the power to inspire a range of interpretations according to the encoding of the producers and the decoding of the televisual consumer. As first described by Stuart Hall in Encoding/Decoding, and then by Horace Newcomb and Paul Hirsch in Television as a Cultural Forum there exist three basic categories of potential readings of a singular text within the broad range of potential interpretations: dominant or preferred, negotiated, and oppositional, each of whichRead MoreCyber Criminals Profit From Exploited People3088 Words Ã |Ã 13 Pagesthey paid the aggressors however their records were not unscrambled. The administrators of Cryptolocker dispatched an online administration which claims to permit clients to decode their documents without the Cryptolocker program, and to buy the decoding key after the due date terminates; the procedure includes transferring an encoded record to the website as a specimen, and holding up for the administration to discover a match, which the webpage cases would happen inside 24 hours. When a match is

string(82) " seen as a style with practical women in finely cut business suits and overcoats\." I. Problem Definition J. Crew at Stonestown mall is having difficulty targeting San Francisco State students to shop at their store, even when J. We will write a custom essay sample on J. Crew Company Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Crew offers a 15% off discount to college students. J. Crew is a very successful brand that reaches out to young business professionals; however J. Crew, specifically at Stonestown mall, is having difficulty reaching out to the college students at San Francisco State University. J. Crew believes the students at SFSU are a smart target to reach, considering the University is located right next to the Stonestown mall. Although J. Crew believes the college students are smart target to reach, many students are unaware of the student discount they offer. Looking over J. CrewÃ¢â¬â¢s past marketing campaigns, they have used older looking models. When doing our research, we noticed that J. CrewÃ¢â¬â¢s top competitors: GAP (Banana Republic), and BCBG use younger, college age range, type of models. With this is mind, we feel that the best advertising campaign is to follow their competitors and choose younger looking models, in order to reach out to the college market. J. CrewÃ¢â¬â¢s competitors use fun advertising methods to reach out to a younger market. We noticed in all of GAP holiday commercials, the young models are jumping around having a good time. We get a sense of fun and playful energy from the commercial, which could draw in college students. Gap also gives off a feel of comfort, casual and trendy style in clothing for the everyday college wear. We feel that if J. Crew starts advertising with younger looking models emphasizing on basic wear of a typical college student, J. Crew may have better success at reaching out to the SFSU students. II. Advertising Objective Our main advertising objective is to gain attention of the college students. The goal of our advertising campaign is to create interest for the brand and thus to encourage college students (the target audience) to make an initial purchase of a J. Crew products. Advertisement should seek to tell the market about J. CrewÃ¢â¬â¢s products, emphasize the quality and fashion of the products, and last but not least build awareness of the company. We can typically employ creative advertising strategies in order to cut through other competing advertisements. III. Situational Analysis J. Crew first debuted in 1983 as a catalog only shopping experience by Arthur Cinader. Six years later he opened its first flagship store in South Street Seaport New York. J. Crew is American clothing and accessories for men and women. They recently added several line extensions such as Ã¢â¬Å"CrewcutsÃ¢â¬  for children ages 2-12, Ã¢â¬Å"J. Crew weddings and PartiesÃ¢â¬ , and Ã¢â¬Å"J. Crew CollectionÃ¢â¬  for limited edition pieces. The retailer is known for its young and preppy fashions including jeans, khakiÃ¢â¬â¢s, and other basics that are quite pricy and targeted to young professionals. They have 300 stores worldwide including the website and catalog. In 2003 Millard Drexler the former CEO of Gap Inc. ecame the new CEO for J. Crew by pushing service, quality and innovation to the next level. This caused so much controversy with the two companies, being that they are major competitors. J. Crew partners with the best fabric mills and craftsmen such as Jack Purcell, Timex, Thomas Mason, and Red Wing to get the best quality goods. J. Crew is continuing to exp and their retail series with specialty boutiques such as MenÃ¢â¬â¢s only shops that specializes in Suiting and Madewell a modernized interpretation of an American denim label founded in 1937 which targets women ages 18-40. Although we think J. Crew does good overall, the Stonestown mall wants to gain attention of the college students because they offer a student/teacher discount. The problem is many of the college students donÃ¢â¬â¢t shop at J. Crew because they donÃ¢â¬â¢t know much about it. Swot Analysis: J. Crew for the college audience Strengths Ã¢â¬ ¢Over 300 stores in the United States Ã¢â¬ ¢E-commerce website (convenience) Ã¢â¬ ¢Discount sales ongoing Ã¢â¬ ¢Multiple lines for different age categories Weaknesses Ã¢â¬ ¢Too Pricey for the normal college student Ã¢â¬ ¢Targeted more for the young Ã¢â¬Å"BusinessÃ¢â¬  professionals Ã¢â¬ ¢No commercials aired/ Advertisements are few Opportunities Target advertisements to that particular age group Ã¢â¬ ¢Possible commercial advertisement for future Ã¢â¬ ¢Expand to new segments of the young market Threats Ã¢â¬ ¢Increased competition of Gap Inc. Ã¢â¬ ¢During the recession students do not have the luxury to spend on pricey clothing Ã¢â¬ ¢Increased celebrity ad vertisement of competitors Ã¢â¬ ¢More discounted sales at competitors IV. Target Audience Demographics For our advertising plan we will target young college students living in the city. These students will be mainly females, as college female students are more willing to pay good money for their clothing than male students. Because our target audience consists mostly of young college students, most will be seen as single. The typical consumer will only make about $12,000 annually or less, most with part time jobs and attending school full time. Psychographics: The psychographics of our target audience will be students living in dorms and on the campus. We will also target young adults living in apartments near college campus life. Most young students donÃ¢â¬â¢t mind a little shopping to help them cope with a bad grade or too much studying. These students will be found around the mall regularly and will be shopping at competing stores like GAP. These consumers will be living the college life, learning to be professional in school as well as out. They should enjoy social gatherings and night events where they can show off their style. We will target students that are often in search for discounts at high end stores, looking for long lasting quality in basic casual as well as professional clothing. They need to be able to finance their money well and buy good quality products with long durability. Profile of Typical Target Consumer Ã¢â¬ ¢Female Ã¢â¬ ¢18-25 years old Ã¢â¬ ¢Single Ã¢â¬ ¢College education Ã¢â¬ ¢Part-time job Ã¢â¬ ¢Aware of quality price Ã¢â¬ ¢Regular shopper Ã¢â¬ ¢Sociable Ã¢â¬ ¢Enjoys nightlife Ã¢â¬ ¢Active in the community Ã¢â¬ ¢Stylish/Fashionable Ã¢â¬ ¢Full-time Student V. ConsumersÃ¢â¬â¢ Perceptions Our consumersÃ¢â¬â¢ perception of the brand, J. Crew, usually entails the style they advertise in commercials and television. J. Crew can be seen as a style with practical women in finely cut business suits and overcoats. You read "J. Crew Company Analysis" in category "Papers" When most people visualize the company they visualize classy and professional clothing. The problem is they are not seen as the standard, like Gap, for instance, they lack the basic necessities to attract young college students. J. Crew just wants to maintain its professional status, but attract a younger crowd who are establishing their position in the real world applying and interview for jobs. When walking into the store, consumers see bright lights and a variety of fabrics and styles. The dresses range from simple around the house to dressy date-night dresses. The one-thing consumersÃ¢â¬â¢ can expect to see when entering J. Crew is the variety of clothing. ConsumersÃ¢â¬â¢ can perceive clothing brands based on what they see on television, advertisements, and magazines. For instance, there was a point during the election, when Michelle Obama was wearing all J. Crew clothing. After seeing this, consumersÃ¢â¬â¢ then compare their own lives to the First Lady and the President. It gives off the intention that people wearing J. Crew are wealthy and extremely successful individuals. This perception is false because not everyone needs to be wealthy to afford this clothing. Many people are looking for a good way to be fashionable and professional at the same time. J. Crew provides high quality clothing for a good price. This store may seem more expensive, but price goes hand and hand with quality. College students can choose to buy cheaper clothes, but they canÃ¢â¬â¢t be guaranteed to last as long as higher quality fabrics. While, if they were to buy clothing from J. Crew, a high-end clothing company, their clothes would last longer and there would be no need for repurchasing products. According to youlookfab. com one of the customerÃ¢â¬â¢s comment on how the preppy and fashionable products were expensive, but the quality and drape were impeccable. Other opinions on J. Crew revolve around the age range of the clothing. Most people look at J. Crew as clothing for older more mature audiences. They believe it should be for women in their 40Ã¢â¬â¢s or older. This is a common misconception as the style is mostly for a professional look, but for a young professional style. Models often used in the J. Crew magazine, most recently, are younger looking professionals with a modern feel to them. The store has become more mainstream recently, but still continues to maintain innovative colors and ensemble combinations. J. Crew keeps their nice basics and people can often leave the house wearing their attire from head to toe. ConsumersÃ¢â¬â¢ often perceive J. Crew as currently declining in quality and have problems with sizes and overall fit. As sizes and fit compare depending on the consumer, the fit would be made specifically for younger professionals. As for quality, our prices may have been declining, but our quality can be just as durable as before. As all retail stores were hit hard in the economy, many stores have decreased in overall price. Quality can often be an issue to those who have over worn a piece of clothing. Many customers will find J. Crew products at a rack store or a second hand store and buy them there. Even though they are usually a few years older, they still remain in good condition as if they had never been worn. This contributes to the proof of quality as well as durability in J. Crew clothing. Consumers will always find a way to agree or disagree, but the best we can do to keep those customers content is to create good quality clothing at a sufficient price, producing long lasting and stylish clothing for both professional and casual occasions. VI. The Competition Swot Analysis: GAP INC. Strengths 3,143 stores in the United States Ã¢â¬ ¢518 stores Internationally (Ireland, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, France) Ã¢â¬ ¢Dominants clothing market Ã¢â¬Å"clothes for the familyÃ¢â¬  Ã¢â¬ ¢Socially responsible campaigns: VOTE, (RED) aids awareness, reducing waste, and strongly concerned about supply chain Ã¢â¬ ¢Lots of commercials aired daily Ã¢â¬ ¢Many young celebrity endorsem ents Ã¢â¬ ¢Multiple lines for different age groups (Banana, Piperlime, Old Navy, Athleta) Weakness Ã¢â¬ ¢Consumers can view low prices as low quality products Ã¢â¬ ¢Not fashion forward for college students more concentrated on Basics Ã¢â¬ ¢Does not create a unique niche in market Opportunities Ã¢â¬ ¢Continue to gain attention with popular celebrities amongst college age students Ã¢â¬ ¢Continue to expand on the new denim line, with high quality fabrics Ã¢â¬ ¢Started working with new upcoming designers to feature in stores at a low cost Ã¢â¬ ¢Expand accessories Threats Ã¢â¬ ¢HM is a high threat for Gap Inc with low priced fashionable goods and widespread Ã¢â¬ ¢Competitors lowering prices due to the economic downturn Swot Analysis: BCBG Max Azria Strengths Ã¢â¬ ¢Global womenÃ¢â¬â¢s contemporary fashion Ã¢â¬ ¢9,000 stores over 45 countries and 5 continents Ã¢â¬ ¢Make women look and feel beautiful Recognizable brand and customer loyalty Ã¢â¬ ¢E-commerce website Ã¢â¬ ¢Specializes in fashionable business attire and special occasion dresses Ã¢â¬ ¢Mailers to customers due to in-store customer database Ã¢â¬ ¢Multiple lines for different age groups Weakness Ã¢â¬ ¢Not to many advertisements Ã¢â¬ ¢No commercials Ã¢â¬ ¢Very pricy for college students Oppo rtunities Ã¢â¬ ¢Expand on advertisement Ã¢â¬ ¢Expand on BCBGeneration stores (targeted to college students) and only can be found at MacyÃ¢â¬â¢s. Threats Ã¢â¬ ¢Due to the recession consumers are looking for fashionable goods at a low price at stores such as: HM, ZARA, and MANGO. Being mass distributed to chains such as Nordstrom, MacyÃ¢â¬â¢s, and Bloomingdales where they can offer sales promotions, which will deter consumers to go to actually BCBG stores. VII. The Creative Strategy A. The Single Most Compelling Benefit Our Brand Can Offer to Our Target Consumers For J. Crew, we are using a differentiation strategy using their special student discount, which makes it unique and puts it up against regular retailers whom do not offer such discounts. J. Crew offers a special student and teacher discount of fifteen percent off of all regular priced items, sale items are not included in the discount. This offer is valid for any in-store purchase until the student graduates, and all that is needed is a student identification card. In our current economic situation today, people are more conscious with their spending and hold on to tighter budgets. Luxury clothes are not as affordable as they used to be. Most consumersÃ¢â¬â¢ perceptions of J. Crew are that it is an expensive clothing brand. They think that they get better deals from retailers who have the same clothes for cheaper prices. As we promote J. CrewÃ¢â¬â¢s student discount and basic clothing items, we have a particular target market in mind. We are looking at this offer as an option or alternative for example, against the retail competition. It is an offer whose benefits are best maximized around college campuses and young professional environments. The discount solves the problem for students who want a back to school shopping spree that is easier on the budget. When we look at dollar value with regards to J. Crew, it is not just the discount itself that we are looking at but also the long-term utilization of the back to school basic items that have multi-purpose uses. So when you think of J. Crew clothing you might want to consider it as an investment, not as an expensive luxury. After all, same with any product you consider buying, you would rather put your money on quality and reliability over a cheaper product that will not last you nearly as long. What is even better about J. Crew is that it is a long term savings on your clothing budget and it will not be as affected by rising clothing prices due to its special student discount. You get more quality per dollar with J. Crew than any other clothing store. With more quality per dollar, consumers can wear their clothes for longer and consume less clothing, which means a lot of savings on their clothing budget. Consumers will feel comfortable wearing J. Crew because they know they are wearing a luxurious brand and saving money at the same time. Now consumers do not need to shop at the cheaper retailers as often as they used to and keep their money in their wallets for much longer. B. Support: Why Should College Students Shop Here? J. Crew is prominently known for being a luxurious clothing brand with higher prices. The brand features collections of menÃ¢â¬â¢s and womenÃ¢â¬â¢s clothing, accessories, and shoes, in Ã¢â¬Å"classic stylesÃ¢â¬  with a J. Crew Ã¢â¬Å"twistÃ¢â¬ . Many of the products feature luxury materials such as Italian cashmere and leather, Czech glass buttons, and British wool. J. Crew is the perfect brand to wear every day because it does the savings for you. When buying the back to school basics, you are not only using these items for a professional setting, but also in your everyday school and recreational outfits. The average college student would not normally be interested in shopping at J. Crew, but if they are informed of the college student discount and the basic clothing items that they offer, it will be more enticing to shop there. The biggest push is raising awareness of the student discount because most students are unaware of it. Since J. Crew is not advertised often, it would be most efficient to raise awareness to college students on college campuses with flyers or online through Facebook. When they become aware, it will make them interested to see what the store sells and perhaps tempt the student to visit a local store or shop online. During a visit in store or online, the consumer will notice the advertised Ã¢â¬Å"Back to School BasicsÃ¢â¬  and special student discount emphasizing the basic clothing items. These basic clothing items will be more appealing to students who now know that they can get regular discounts on clothes that they can wear everyday for any occasion. Basic clothing items and professional items will be a great investment for the average J. Crew shopper and many others. The average J. Crew shoppers are females ranging from ages 18-49. Most of these consumers are young professionals or part of families with incomes of $60,000 and greater. The shoppers who are in the age range of 18-49 and do not necessarily have the money to regularly shop at J. Crew, should have a chance to purchase basic clothing items and young professional attire. The important idea of buying J. Crew clothing is that it can not only be worn on teachers and students at school or in everyday recreation, but also when you graduate and get a job in the real world you can still wear the clothes for casual or business attire. C. Tone of Advertising When it comes to J. Crew, consumerÃ¢â¬â¢s original thoughts are: expensive, elegant, and older professional. We would like to use a tone to raise awareness to college students and young professionals that would slightly alter a consumerÃ¢â¬â¢s thoughts. The tone that we would like to use would be young, playful, trendy, and basic. The tone would push the young professional look and Ã¢â¬Å"Back to BasicsÃ¢â¬  slogan around back to school shopping time. J. Crew does not have commercials so implementing commercials with a young, playful, and happy tone would be most effective. These commercials would include young, professional looking adults jumping and dancing around with popular music in the background. The actors in the commercial would be wearing a mixture of basic items and professional items that are in all different colors to make the commercial appealing to the eye and promote the basics that people may not have noticed before. The idea in this would be to make J. CrewÃ¢â¬â¢s advertising more like GAPÃ¢â¬â¢s and have it start appealing to more of the college kids and young professionals. GAPÃ¢â¬â¢s 2009 Holiday Commercial is the perfect example of the tone J. Crew should promote. Most importantly, these advertisements and commercials need to promote money savings (such as the student/teacher discount) and Ã¢â¬Å"Back to School BasicsÃ¢â¬ . The most important things to a college student is saving money, and looking good while doing so. If J. Crew follows this newly thought out plan, they will accomplish just that! VIII. The Creative Brief J. Crew, specifically at Stonestown mall, is having difficulty reaching out to the college students at San Francisco State University. J. Crew is mainly categorized as expensive and for an older professional. By changing their advertisement strategies to have a younger feel, we hope to gain awareness of college students at SFSU. Our advertising plan will focus on college students and young professionals. These students will be mainly females and most will be seen as single. They will make about $12,000 annually or less, most with part time jobs and attending school full time. College students usually enjoy social gatherings and night events where they can show off their style. They are looking for long lasting quality in basic casual and trendy clothes. Most college students visualize J. Crew as classy and old professional clothing. The brand is seen as expensive but college students regard J. Crew products as being high quality. The single most compelling idea we need to communicate to our target market is that fact J. Crew allows college students to wear high quality and fashionable clothes, while saving money at the same time. J. Crew is prominently known for being a luxurious clothing brand with higher prices. But the brand has also basic clothing items for the typical college student on which they can get regular discounts. Our desired brand personality/tone of J. Crew should be a young, playful, and trendy How to cite J. Crew Company Analysis, Papers

Question: Discuss About The Business Research Methods On Telecommunication? Answer: Introducation The article written by Nardotto et al., (2015), has been conducted in the telecommunication market in UK to see the coverage of the market that the industry enjoys. Accordingly, a qualitative and quantitative study has been conducted to understand the extent of the industry in the UK market. The article authored by Jurisic Azevedo (2011), shows that the telecommunication sector in UK in 2000 has undergone a dynamic change with the advent of the mobile technology as the mobile telephony has experienced tremendous growth. Currently, telecommunication strives to be the most important sector in service marketing Financialwith a penetration rate of more than 100%. The study done by Caporale Spagnolo (2011), has come across the competitive strategies that the telecommunication sector in UK has taken up which is being highlighted by Porters Five Forces. The article written by Al-Debei Avison (2011), focuses on UK telecommunication aspect has also shown the penetration of internet in the ordinary UK households. The aspect of mobile internet has become quite important, and the advent of smartphones has given the phenomenon a boost. The telecommunication market has been flooded with services like a landline, mobile phones, the internet, mobile internet, data services and others. Discussion of common themes: Both the qualitative and quantitative study of the telecommunication market in UK has shown the penetration of the customer segment that the industry enjoys. The quantitative study done by Caporale Spagnolo (2011), has shown the wide network coverage, service availability and competitive prices that the industry offer to its customers. In the same manner, the qualitative study written by Al-Debei Avison (2011), has shown the greater bargaining power that the customers enjoy in the market. The qualitative study has shown that the UK market stands to be the largest per capita e-commerce market and the second largest online advertising market on a global scale. Again the quantitative study done by Jurisic Azevedo (2011), has shown that internet penetration amongst the UK population is considered amongst the highest globally. 80% of the population is found to have internet access, and the number of internet users on a daily trend has been on the rise. Again the study conducted by Nardotto et al., (2015), has been very benevolent of the fact that internet usage is quite advanced in the UK economy. Mobile internet has found a broad prospect in the UK scenario which is being upheld by both the qualitative and quantitative study of the management. Discussion of different themes: Besides certain similarities, there have been specified differences between the results of the qualitative and quantitative studies that have been conducted on the UK telecommunication industry. The qualitative aspect of Al-Debei Avison (2011), has been very specific about the role of the telecom operating organisations like Vodafone, O2, Orange, and T-Mobile whereas the quantitative study was done by Caporale Spagnolo (2011), has been regarding the overall aspect of the telecommunication industry like market penetration, internet usage and others. The qualitative study has dedicated a streamlined study on the competitive aspect of the sector along with the relevance of the different players in the industry which has been ignored by the quantitative study. The quantitative study of Nardotto et al., (2015), has been very specific about the growing trend and the proportion of growth that the industry experienced. Basically, the quantitative study has taken the initiative to show the excellent feat that the UK telecommunication industry. Contrarily, the qualitative study by Jurisic Azevedo (2011), has focused on the position of the customers in the market and the stronghold they had been in the market for a while owing to the advent of mobile telephony. So both the qualitative and quantitative study while focusing on the telecommunication industry has gone towards the different direction to provide a wholesome picture. Discussion of study limitations: The study conducted somewhat seems to be narrow as it has deliberately focussed on the aspects of telecommunication only. The study by Al-Debei Avison (2011), would have been more meaningful if it has been conducted in the context of the service sector. The study by Caporale Spagnolo (2011), has been imperative for the views of authors and in certain scenarios surpassed the real factors to hold on his perception. Though the study has been conducted on the landscape of UK, it has not specified the implications of the telecommunication sector in its various territories. The sample size considered for the study has not been enough as the number of samples is quite smaller than the requirement of the study. The study by Jurisic Azevedo (2011), would have been fulfilled with the inclusion of more such relevant samples which would provide valuable insight to the study of telecommunication industry in UK. Again the study by Nardotto et al., (2015), has given more importance to the qualitative aspect of the telecommunication industry leaving aside the quantitative elements of the study which would have provided a wholesome approach to the study. Discussion on further research directions: The study by Al-Debei Avison (2011), has definitely left scope for further introspect that could give a new dimension to the telecommunication industry prevailing in UK. Again the study done by Caporale Spagnolo (2011), has been conducted under a specified condition wherein the bright aspect of the industry has been shown. The study would have been more resourceful if the same had been done in a recessionary period. The study will have been more interesting if diverse scenarios have been considered. The study by Jurisic Azevedo (2011), conducted show different elements of the study resulting out of the qualitative and quantitative aspects. The diverse elements shown in this study puts the matter into a very ambiguous scenario. The results of the study by Nardotto et al., (2015), are not in proper place though the results of the qualitative and quantitative study show towards the same direction. The study, in this case, would have been more compact if a hypotheses testing could have been done to prove the authenticity of the research. References Al-Debei, M. Avison, D., 2011. Business model requirements and challenges in the mobile telecommunication sector. Journal of Organisational Transformation Social Change, 8(2), pp. 215-235. Barnaghi, P., Wang, W., Henson, C. Taylor, K., 2012. Semantics for the Internet of Things: early progress and back to the future. International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS), 8(21), pp. 1-21. Battistella, C., 2014. The organisation of Corporate Foresight: A multiple case study in the telecommunication industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 87(2), pp. 60-79. Caporale, G. Spagnolo, N., 2011. Stock market integration between three CEECs, Russia, and the UK. Review of International Economics, 19(1), pp. 158-169. Crawford, S., 2013. Captive audience: The telecom industry and monopoly power in the new gilded age. New York: Yale University Press. Jurisic, B. Azevedo, A., 2011. Building customerbrand relationships in the mobile communications market: The role of brand tribalism and brand reputation. Journal of Brand Management, 18(4-5), pp. 349-366. Nardotto, M., Valletti, T. Verboven, F., 2015. Unbundling the incumbent: Evidence from UK broadband. Journal of the European Economic Association, 13(2), pp. 330-362. Whalley, J. Curwen, P., 2012. Third time lucky? An exploration of Hutchison Whampoa's involvement in the mobile telecommunications industry. info, 14(2), pp. 17-41.

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Questions: 1. Using the university network, search the IEEE digital library to find: a) Provide a full reference to the paper in the Harvard referencing style. Provide a brief explanation on the process used to find the paper. b) Write a critical summary of the paper covering the following aspects: a. What the most significant points are b. Implications of this paper for networking professionals c. Implications for a small company d. How they have referenced the work of others e. How well the authors have presented their work 2. The law firm currently has two sites one in Durham (Remote Office) and the other in Sunderland (Main Office). Create IP addressing schemes for the Main and Remote Office sites: All departments need to be in separate subnets. The external IP address for Main is 97.1.2.0/24, and for the remote office is 32.11.41.0/24. Use IP version 4 private addressing ranges within your networks (your choice as to which ones) and show how Network Address Translation (NAT) and Port Addr ess Translation (PAT) could be used to enable the connection of the external sites. Head Office : Lawyers (16 users) PAs (16 users) Customer Services (2 users) IP phones (up to 42 users) Finance (2 users) Remote Office : Admin (2 users) Technical support (2 users) IP phones (up to 42 users) Home based workers (up to 32 users) Answers: 1. a. De Los Reyes, G., Macwan, S., Chawla, D., Serban, C. (2012). Securing the Mobile Enterprise with Network-Based Security and Cloud Computing. IEEE Xplore, Sarnoff Symposium (SARNOFF).[Online] 35, pp.1-5. Retrieved from https://web2.research.att.com/techdocs/TD_100802.pdf [accessed 1 April 2015].b. a. What the most significant points are The most significant points discussed in this paper are dealing with the security of the company exclusive data over the wireless network. The paper focuses on the various aspects of using a Virtual Private Network for sharing the information between various levels of the organization. This allows faster communication of information within the organizational network, but this also poses threat to the information. Earlier complex LAN structures were in use to connect various systems in the organization, providing security features using the DMZ policies. But as the communication system started growing, complex LAN structure began losing its value , as most of the communication is now based on mobile network. Smartphones, tablets, PDAs are the new generation tools for communicating with the business network. Providing company secure data to these devices without posing any threat to the data is a challenging task, and is not possible to be achieved by using old LAN structure. So, the security analysts came up with new ideas to make this become a reality. Combining the Cloud system with modern day security protocols has the potential to deliver the data securely to any mobile device. Use of Virtual Private Gateways has strengthened the security parameter of Cloud security, as now by using VPG an organization can limit the access to the content according to usage permission. The security is now basically on the cloud, and VPG is used as a channel to reach their, so now only policies are need to be designed for various user levels, thus providing better security over mobile devices with less complex structure.b. Implications of this paper for networking professionalsThis paper focuses about the various security loopholes present in the earlier models of networking, when used with modern day technology. Complex LAN structures, DMZ policies, etc. are a tale of the past now, and have almost lost their value in present day communication world. Now most of the corporate work is done over mobile devices, where these policies of the past find no fit. There is a need for developing new security policies or measures to counter the data theft attack in the mobile network via use of third party applications. One possible and the most promising way is described in this paper, that is the use of cloud storage, coupled with security at gateway and tunnel level, to keep the data entry and exit secure. A Virtual Private Gateway is used to monitor the traffic coming over the companys network, it also acts as a firewall to route the traffic originating from any third party software installed on the mobile device to another location. Data is secure over cloud storage and could be accessed from anywhere, using the access level specified to an individual by the organization.Industry analyst has raised issues of privacy concerns as the important barrier in adapting cloud computing in an enterprise. Thus to gain trust of the organization the technology of cloud should be able to provide levels of security and privacy , make system capable to resist threats and thus provide reliable storage to data and information. Figure 1: intersection of privacy and security needed to build trust in cloud applications The benefits of using the network security model proposed are as follows: It shall increase the trust and Longevity in the Marketplace. Customer satisfaction over Quality Solution Streamlined process and ensuring privacy.c. Implications for a small company The security features demonstrated here are well suited for companies with big budget for their security concerns, and a huge workforce who needs to access the data of the company over the move. Such companies have huge amount to spend over cloud storage or maintaining data servers. Small companies find it difficult to manage funds for obtaining such a high level of security, and although it is also not of so good use to small organizations, as the company size is small so there is not much need of transferring confidential data over the net. Here previous technologies could be used to provide security of the network. To conclude, use of cloud storage and VPG is not an economically viable option for small companies. d. How they ha ve referenced the work of others [1] William R. Cheswick and Steven M. Bellovin. Firewalls and Internet Security: Repelling the Wily Hacker. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA,1st edition, 1994.[2] Steven M. Bellovin, Clouds from Both Sides, IEEE Security Privacy,vol. 9, no. 3, May--June, 2011.Referencing is good where in the writers have referred to needed authors with respect to security, internet and clouds. This referencing displays the confidence and originality of the writers.e. How well the authors have presented their workThe authors have presented the work very efficiently. The paper is divided into segments, dealing with specific information of that segment. Use of figures and tables is very effective to demonstrate the working of the previously popular network security protocols and their effects and drawbacks, and contrasting them with the newly developed model of network security using cloud and VPG, describing its effects and constraints. Table has been used to contrast the difference between the new and old technology. In short, data presentation is very effective in this paper, keeping the reader engrossed till end and providing specialist knowledge to the readers about the topic, keeping the language simple and easy to understand by a beginner too.Answer 2: The law firm currently has two sites one in Durham (Remote Office) and the other in Sunderland (Main Office). The external IP address for Main is 97.1.2.0/24, and for the remote office is 32.11.41.0/24.Now using IP version 4 private addressing ranges within networks following IP addresses can be described for the organization. Main Office (97.1.2.0/24) For Main Office here we are using a class B Address for networking Class B Address 192.168.1.0 Head Office Requirement No. Of Users Required Range of IP Address Used This network address Broadcast address Lawyers 16 192.168.1.2 - 192.168.1.19 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.20 PAs 16 192.168.2.1 - 192.168.2.19 192.168.2.0 192.168.1.20 Customer Service 2 192.168.3.1 -192.168.3.3 192.168.3.0 192.168.1.4 IP Phones 42 192.168.4.1 -192.168.4.43 192.168.4.0 192.168.1.44 Finance 2 192.168.5.1 -192.168.5.3 192.168.5.0 192.168.1.4 Remote Office (32.11.41.0/24) For Remote Office here we are using a class B Address for networking Class B Address 192.169.1.0 Remote Office Requirement No. Of Users Required Range of IP Address Used This network address Broadcast address Admin 2 192.169.1.1 -192. 169.1.3 192. 169.1.0 192. 169.1.4 Technical Support 2 192. 169.2.1 -192. 169.2.3 192. 169.2.0 192. 169.2.4 IP Phones 42 192. 169.3.1 -192. 169.3.43 192. 169.3.0 192. 169.3.44 Home Based Workers 32 192. 169.4.1 -192. 169.4.35 192. 169.4.0 192. 169.4.36 Following figure gives the required network layout for the organization References 1. De Los Reyes, G., Macwan, S., Chawla, D., Serban, C. (2012). Securing the Mobile Enterprise with Network-Based Security and Cloud Computing. IEEE Xplore, Sarnoff Symposium (SARNOFF).[Online] 35, pp.1-5. Retrieved from https://web2.research.att.com/techdocs/TD_100802.pdf [accessed 1 April 2015].2. Secure, private, and trustworthy:enterprise cloud computing with Force.com(2015),Retrieved from https://www.salesforce.com/assets/pdf/misc/WP_Forcedotcom-Security.pdf3. Figure1: Secure, private, and trustworthy:enterprise cloud computing with Force.com(2015),Retrieved from https://www.salesforce.com/assets/pdf/misc/WP_Forcedotcom-Security.pdf