Until the 1980s, scientists believed the brain interacted with limbs in a fairly rote, mechanical way: Certain neurons lit up when corresponding muscles moved. Schwartz was part of a Johns Hopkins University research team that found the brain was actually expressing an intentional behavior, like turning a doorknob, that he could read in the neuron’s electrical signals. “When you watch someone dancing … there’s a sort of beautiful coordination and precision and athleticism incorporated in the movement,” he says. “Those are the kinds of things we could find in this cortical activity.”

Enter a new trade group for salon operators, the American Suntanning Association, that wants to “combat myths” and counter “misinformation” about tanning risks, according to a news release introducing the group. … “It’s really been a subjective emotional process, in our opinion.”

The Kauffman Foundation reports that very few VC firms deliver the outsized returns that investors expect from the asset class. Our chart from their data, in last week’s magazine, shows how dismal it is. The full report is here.

In other recent research, Kauffman shows that a widely cited number for how many jobs IPOs create is misleading.