HARVARDFOR BOOKS,REFERENCING GUIDE UTS JOURNAL ARTICLES AND WEBSITES AN ABRIDGED GUIDE UTS:LIBRARY
In-Text References WWW.LIB.UTS.EDU.AUWhen you cite a reference in the text of your work • include the author’s surname and the year of publication. • if the reference has two or three authors, use “&” between the last two authors • if there are more than three authors list only the first author and abbreviate the others by “et al.” For example (Turner & Roth 2003) (Alysen et al. 2003)

The Reference List

All references cited in text should be • included in a reference list at the end of your work, • ordered alphabetically by author surname. For each reference • list all authors, with initials following each surname, using “&” between the last two if more than one author • when there is no author, use the title in its place (see examples below).

Rules for Titles

• Book titles, journal names and website titles should be in italics. • Journal article titles and chapter titles from books should be in plain text inside ‘single quotation marks’.

Rules for Quotations

If you are using a short quote • the in-text reference must include the page number • use “p.” for a single page or “pp.” for several pages. For example ‘the taxation advantage … was … neutralised in 1988’ (McGrath & Viney 1997, p. 137)

For an edited book (note the “(eds)” for editors. Use “(ed.)” if only one editor), the reference would look like this Turner, S.P. & Roth, P.A. (eds) 2003, Blackwell guide to the philosophy of the social sciences,...

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...﻿The Harvard Citation System
Academic writing always acknowledges the source of ideas. This is done by citing within the body of your writing, and by compiling a bibliography. By doing this you:
Place your writing within a frame of reference of the work that has already been done in your field.
Avoid plagiarism. Plagiarism is the use of another’s work without acknowledgement. Drawing on somebody else’s work is not in itself plagiarism – the problems start if you use somebody else’s ideas or research as if they were your own.
Allow your reader to check your sources – a reader should be able to find your sources by referring to your bibliography.
Variations on Harvard are legion. It is most important to:
Be consistent. For example, if you use the ‘&’ symbol when referring to works with more than one author, for example (Chatto & Windus, 1997) then do so every time you need to refer to a multi-authored work.
Include in your bibliography every source that you have consulted, it does not matter whether or not you have quoted directly from them.
What to include?
Any source you use when writing an assignment should be acknowledged. Even if you do not quote directly from a book, article or website etc within your assignment, it should be included at the end in your bibliography.
The in-text citation
When you refer to a source within the text of an assignment, it should be accompanied by a short...

...Citing & Referencing HarvardSystem
Citing and Referencing Explained Citing Reference Why cite anyway? Bibliography The HarvardSystem Citing authors in the text Secondary sources Referencing Referencing a book One Author Two Authors Three Authors Multiple Authors Chapter within a book Journal article Journal article – multiple authors Newspaper article Other Examples Theses or Dissertation Conference Audio-visual material Maps Electronic Sources E-books E-journals Website Web pages Please note this is a general guide 2 2 2 2 2 3 3–4 4 5–9 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7–8 7 7 8 8 8 – 10 8 9 9 10
1
Citing and Referencing Explained
Citing Citing is acknowledging in the text of your work the sources you have used. The most common method of citation and referencing is the HarvardSystem.
However, in some areas an alternative system is used. Please contact your tutor for advice on which system they prefer you to use.
Reference A reference is the list of the material you have cited in your text and it must be set out in such a way so that the reader can locate the sources you have consulted.
Why cite anyway? • • • You should acknowledge sources consulted for the production of written work otherwise you are guilty of plagiarism It allows readers to locate the sources you have read It is an important part of the presentation of written work
Bibliography A...

...C
Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching
Referencing: The HarvardSystem
Use this sheet to help you:
• Follow the Harvard referencing convention • Cite online sources using the Harvard style
5 minute self test
• • • What is the difference between in-text and biobliographical citations? How does the HarvardSystem differ from the APA? How should you cite internet sources?
This publication can be cited as: Davies, W.M. (2007), The HarvardSystem, Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching, Faculty of Business and Economics, the University of Melbourne. http://fbe.unimelb.edu.au/celt Further credits: Beaumont, T. (content changes and editing), Pesina, J. (design and layout). Some, or all of the material in this helpsheet, appear in: Martin Davies (2011), Study Skills for International Postgraduate Students. Basingstoke, UK.: Palgrave, MacMillan. ISBN: 140 399 580 X.
fbe.unimelb.edu.au/celt
The HarvardSystem
The Harvardsystem of referencing is very similar to the APA system of referencing (see CELT Booklet: Basic Referencing Using the APA System) but there are subtle differences in how the reference list is written:
C
• It uses “and” not “&” between multiple authors • The publishers’ name appears before the place of...

... In today’s society, as human beings we have a tendency of remembering the past, whether if it’s good or bad it will always exist because its a common situation in which everyone eventually experiences throughout their lifetime. As we saw in the movie “Homeless to Harvard” about a young women named Liz Murray who becomes homeless at the age of 15, when her mother died of aids, and her father moves to a homeless shelter due to the influence of both drug-addicted parents. Despite everything Liz Murray had gone through in her everyday life and the struggles that she had faced; she was very fortunate to still be a student graduate from Harvard. One of the best universities not just anyone can apply to. Liz Murray came from a place no one could have ever imagined. Liz Murray uses her bad experience from the past as part of her motivation to keep fighting for her future. Although on the On-Course book it also gives suggestions as to what people can do to achiever they personal goals in life for a better future or career for themselves.
Liz Murray was born in Bronx, New York, she was a young girl who was raised with parents who were addicted to drugs. Liz applies for a job at a store at the age of 8 years old to be able to provide a source of food for both herself and her older sister Lisa Murray, due to the fact that there wasn’t any food at home to support them. Peter and Jean Murray parents of Liz Murray would steal her daughter’s birthday...

...Regular Paper
System Training Metrics
and Measures: A Key
Operational Effectiveness
Imperative
Dinesh Verma,1, * John Farr,1 and Line H. Johannesen2
1
Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030
2
Product Support & Logistics, Kongsberg Defense and Aerospace, AS Missiles and Space Division, Kongsberg, Norway
SYSTEM TRAINING METRICS AND MEASURES: A KEY OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS IMPERATIVE
Received 4 August 2002; Accepted 28 April 2003
DOI 10.1002/sys.10047
ABSTRACT
An assessment framework to make explicit the “cause and effect” relationship between design
decisions and their impact on system operations, maintenance, and support is essential to
influence new and upgrade program development from the longer-term life-cycle perspective. This becomes even more urgent with increasingly greater utilization of commercial-offthe-shelf (COTS) elements within information and knowledge intensive systems in the
commercial (IT, Telecommunication, Banking, Finance) and aerospace domains. These architectures are often characterized by an evolving physical baseline (technology refreshment)
driven by obsolescence and end-of-life risk considerations. The first objective of this paper
is to present the concept of System Operational Effectiveness (SOE). System Operational
Effectiveness serves as a...

...Referencing - The HarvardSystem
Department of Lifelong Learning: Study Skills Series
Referencing - The HarvardSystem
(Download pdf version)
Introduction
As a student, it is important that you identify in your assessment when you are using the words or ideas of another author.
The most accepted way of acknowledging the work of another author is to use a referencing system. At the Department of
Lifelong Learning you are required to use the Harvard referencing system.
The following guide tells you why you need to use a referencing system, shows you how to insert references in the text of
your assignments, and shows you how to compile a reference list. While there are many variations on the ‘Harvard’ system,
the one presented in this guide is the most simple. It does away with most usages of ‘p’ and ‘pp’ to signify page numbers
and it replaces some of the commas with colons. Also, this guide is by no means an exhaustive list of all the referencing
conventions that you will require in your academic life.
Why you should use a referencing system
As a part of an academic community, it is important that you show the reader where you have used someone else’s ideas or
words. Failure to properly reference using the Harvardsystem may make the reader think that you are cheating by claiming...

...HARVARD REFERENCING
There are many variations of the Harvard referencing style. This leaflet is based on the AGPS Style Manual (6th edn), 2002. It is advisable to check with each lecturer as to which variation they require you to use and to follow that advice for the work submitted to that lecturer.
What is a referencing system?
A referencing system is a standardised way of informing readers of the sources of information, ideas, graphics etc. that are used in any given work, e.g. your assignment. There are a number of different referencing systems, but those most commonly used at Flinders University are:  Harvard (an author-date system)  APA (American Psychological Association, also an author-date system)  The Note system (including footnotes and endnotes) Author-date systems use the authors’ surnames and the year of publication within the text of a work to refer to a detailed list of full references at the end of the work. The Note system uses numbers within the text to refer to details either at the bottom of the page (footnotes) or at the end of the work (endnotes). See SLC brochures on the APA and Note systems for details on these systems.
Referencing and academic integrity
The use of a referencing system to acknowledge other people’s work, ideas and expression is...

...WRITING CENTRE
Harvard Referencing Guide
There are many different Author-Date referencing styles (see the Referencing Comparison Sheet for one other). This
guide is based on the Style manual for authors, editors and printers.
Harvard referencing style uses references in two places in a piece of writing: in the text and in a reference list at the end.
In general, each name that appears in the text must also appear in the reference list, and every work in the reference list
must also be referred to in the main text. (There are some rare exceptions to this rule which are given in the following
guide.) All the details of the reference are important, including the full stops and commas. In-text references in Harvard
style should give the author’s family name and the year of the work’s publication; if you quote or paraphrase, you should
also give a page number.
Here is a generic example, as it would appear in a reference list, for a journal article with three authors:
Author,˰AA,˰Author,˰B˰&˰Author,˰C˰YEAR,˰'Article title in between single quotes, in lower case and
with no full stop to end',˰Journal Title in Italics with Capitals,˰vol.˰##,˰no.˰#,˰pp.˰##-##.
Note: ˰ represents a space.
In the text, it would look like this: It has been claimed that . . . (Author, Author & Author YEAR, p. #).
It could also look like this: Author, Author and Author (YEAR, p. #) claim that . . .
Note: in the first in-text example the &...