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1532

Conquistador Francisco Pizarro and about 200 men, in a surprise attack, seize Atahualpa and slaughter the emperor’s large entourage, numbered in the thousands. Atahualpa will be forced to convert to Christianity and will later be executed. His fall will be a deathblow to the Inca Empire. .

The ‘Battle’ of Cajamarca was the unexpected ambush and seizure of the Inca ruler Atahualpa by a small Spanish force led by Francisco Pizarro, on November 16, 1532. The Spanish killed thousands of Atahualpa’s counsellors, commanders and unarmed attendants in the great plaza of Cajamarca, and caused his armed host outside the town to flee. The capture of Atahualpa marked the opening stage of the conquest of the pre-Columbian Inca civilization of Peru.

Date: Nov 16, 1532

— Source: wiki/Battle_of_Cajamarca

(1933) United States opens diplomacy with Soviet Union

US President Franklin Roosevelt tells Soviet senior diplomat Maxim Litvinov in a telegram that he hopes the two countries will “forever remain normal and friendly.” This simple note establishes diplomatic relations between the nations. The US had broken off Soviet relations after the 1917 Russian Revolution..

The relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today’s relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.

On November 16, 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt ended almost 16 years of American non-recognition of the Soviet Union following a series of negotiations in Washington, D.C. with the Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs, Maxim Litvinov.

On December 6, 1917, the U.S. Government broke off diplomatic relations with Russia, shortly after the Bolshevik Party seized power from the Tsarist regime after the “October Revolution.” President Woodrow Wilson decided to withhold recognition at that time because the new Bolshevik government had refused to honor prior debts to the United States incurred by the Tsarist government, ignored pre-existing treaty agreements with other nations, and seized American property in Russia following the October Revolution. The Bolsheviks had also concluded a separate peace with Germany at Brest-Litovsk in March 1918, ending Russian involvement in World War I. Despite extensive commercial links between the United States and the Soviet Union throughout the 1920s, Wilson’s successors upheld his policy of not recognizing the Soviet Union.

According to the terms of the Roosevelt-Litvinov agreements, the Soviets pledged to participate in future talks to settle their outstanding financial debt to the United States. Four days earlier, after another private meeting with Litvinov, Roosevelt also managed to secure guarantees that the Soviet Government would refrain from interfering in American domestic affairs (i.e. aiding the American Communist Party), and would grant certain religious and legal rights for U.S. citizens living in the Soviet Union. Following the conclusion of these agreements, President Roosevelt appointed William C. Bullitt as the first U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union.

A governess, the children she teaches, and their father whom she’s come to love are forced to flee the Nazi occupation of Austria in the latest musical by Rogers and Hammerstein that opens on this day. Based on the story of the Von Trapp family, many of the show’s songs will become standards, particularly after the release of a popular 1965 film adaptation..

The Sound of Music is a musical with music by Richard Rodgers, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II and a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse. It is based on the memoir of Maria von Trapp, The Story of the Trapp Family Singers. Set in Austria on the eve of the Anschluss in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun. She falls in love with the children, and eventually their widowed father, Captain von Trapp. He is ordered to accept a commission in the German navy, but he opposes the Nazis. He and Maria decide on a plan to flee Austria with the children. Many songs from the musical have become standards, such as “Edelweiss”, “My Favorite Things”, “Climb Ev’ry Mountain”, “Do-Re-Mi”, and the title song “The Sound of Music”.

A jury acquits Sheppard for the 1954 murder of his pregnant wife. The US Supreme Court had thrown out his earlier conviction for, among other things, the “carnival atmosphere” of that trial. The notoriety of the case will spur TV shows, movies, books, and the career of lawyer F. Lee Bailey..

Samuel Holmes “Sam” Sheppard, D.O. was an American neurosurgeon, trained at Los Angeles county hospital. He was convicted in 1954 of the murder of his pregnant wife, Marilyn Reese Sheppard, at their Bay Village, Ohio, home. He spent almost a decade in prison, mostly at the Ohio Penitentiary. At a retrial in 1966 he was acquitted of the same crime. To his death, Dr. Sheppard maintained his innocence in the murder.

1954: He was convicted in 1954 of the murder of his pregnant wife, Marilyn Reese Sheppard, at their Bay Village, Ohio, home.

1954: The murder of Marilyn Sheppard and the controversial murder trial of Sam Sheppard in 1954 drew national attention from the media, creating what the U.S. Supreme Court later described as a “carnival atmosphere” which denied Sheppard his right to due process.

1958: Eberling stole the rings in 1958, a few years after the murder, from Sam Sheppard’s brother’s house, taken from a box marked “Personal Property of Marilyn Sheppard”.

1966: When it was presented to Bailey that an independent polygraph expert said Eberling either murdered Marilyn or had knowledge of who did, Bailey stated that he probably would have presented Eberling as a suspect in the 1966 retrial.

1966: At his new arraignment on September 8, 1966, Sheppard loudly pleaded “not guilty!” with his attorney, F. Lee Bailey, by his side.

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