The major results of the project for four years were presented in the 6th symposium on 24th of September, 1996. In the 6th symposium, as the results of the first "mechanism of RNA function expression", tertiary structures of RNA binding proteins involving the regulation of alternative splicing, class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases which perform precise tRNA recognition, and the animal mitochondrial tRNAs having characteristic secondary structures were presented. Furthermore, mechanism of activation of group I intron RNA,function of ribosomal RNA,and the molecular mimicry of tRNAs by proteins were also presented. As for the second project "investigation of new function of RNA", mechanism of trans-translation by the novel low molecular RNAs, communication mechanism between two domains in the ribosomal RNA,and function of mitochondrial RNAs on germ line maturation in Drosophila were presented. As the results of the third project "orign and evolution of RNA", the origin and evolution mechanism of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, ribozymes from virus, mitochondrial disease due to the mutation of mitochondrial tRNA genes were presented. These results were summarized in a printed report.