Exercise 14.1Question 1: Draw a circle of radius 3.2 cm.Answer 1:Steps of construction:(a) Open the compass for the required radius of 3.2 cm.(b) Make a point with a sharp pencil where we want the centre of circle to be.(c) Name it O.(d) Place the pointer of compasses on O.(e) Turn the compasses slowly to draw the circle.

Hence, it is the required circle.

Question 2: With the same centre O, draw two circles of radii 4 cm and 2.5 cm.Answer 2:Steps of construction:(a) Marks a point ‘O’ with a sharp pencil where we want the centre of the circle.(b) Open the compasses 4 cm.(c) Place the pointer of the compasses on O.(d) Turn the compasses slowly to draw the circle.(e) Again open the compasses 2.5 cm and place the pointer of the compasses on D.(f) Turn the compasses slowly to draw the second circle.

Hence, it is the required figure.

Question 3: Draw a circle and any two of its diameters. If you join the ends of these diameters, what is the figure obtained? What figure is obtained if the diameters are perpendicular to each other? How do you check your answer?Answer 3:(i) By joining the ends of two diameters, we get a rectangle. By measuring, we find AB = CD = 3 cm, BC = AD = 2 cm i.e., pairs of opposite sides are equal and also ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90o i.e., each angle is of 90o.Hence, it is a rectangle.

(ii) If the diameters are perpendicular to each other, then by joining the ends of two diameters, we get a square. By measuring, we find that AB = BC = CD = DA = 2.5 cm, i.e., all four sides are equal. Also ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = ∠D = 90o, i.e., each angle is of 90o.Hence, it is a square.

Question 4: Draw any circle and mark points A, B and C such that:(a) A is on the circle.(b) B is in the interior of the circle.(c) C is in the exterior of the circle.Answer 4:(i) Mark a point ‘O’ with sharp pencil where we want centre of the circle.(ii) Place the pointer of the compasses at ‘O’. Then move the compasses slowly to draw a circle.(a) Point A is on the circle.(b) Point B is in interior of the circle.(c) Point C is in the exterior of the circle.

Question 5: Let A, B be the centres of two circles of equal radii; draw them so that each one of them passes through the centre of the other. Let them intersect at C and D.Examine whether are at right angles.Answer 5: Draw two circles of equal radii taking A and B as their centre such that one of them passes through the centre of the other. They intersect at C and D. Join AB and CD.Yes, AB and CD intersect at right angle as ∠COB is 90o .

Exercise 14.2Question 1: Draw a line segment of length 7.3 cm, using a ruler.Answer 1:Steps of construction:

(i) Place the zero mark of the ruler at a point A.(ii) Mark a point B at a distance of 7.3 cm from A.(iii) Join AB.Hence, is the required line segment of length 7.3 cm.

Question 2: Construct a line segment of length 5.6 cm using ruler and compasses.Answer 2: Steps of construction:

(i) Draw a line 'l'. l Mark a point A on this line.(ii) Place the compasses pointer on zero mark of the ruler. Open it to place the pencil point up to 5.6 cm mark.(iii) Without changing the opening of the compasses. Place the pointer on A and cut an arc 'l' at B. is the required line segment of length 5.6 cm.

(i) Place the zero mark of the ruler at A.(ii) Mark a point B at a distance 7.8 cm from A.(iii) Again, mark a point C at a distance 4.7 from A.Hence, by measuring , we find that BC = 3.1 cm.

Question 4: Given of length 3.9 cm, construct such that the length of is twice that of . Verify by measurement.

(Hint: construct such that length of = length of ; then cut off such that also has the length of .)Answer 4:Steps of construction:

(i) Draw a line 'l'.(ii) Construct such that length of = length of (iii) Then cut of such that also has the length of .(iv) Thus the length of and the length of added together make twice the length of Verification: Hence, by measurement we find that PQ = 7.8 cm= 3.9 cm + 3.9 cm

Question 5:Given of length 7.3 cm and of length 3.4 cm, construct a line segment such that the length of is equal to the difference between the lengths of Verify by measurement.Answer 5:Steps of construction:(i) Draw a line 'l' and take a point X on it.(ii) Construct such that length = length of = 7.3 cm(iii) Then cut off = length of = 3.4 cm(iv) Thus the length of = length of – length of

Exercise 14.3Question 1:Draw any line segment . Without measuring , construct a copy of .Answer 1:Steps of construction:

(i) Given whose length is not known.(ii) Fix the compasses pointer on P and the pencil end on Q. The opening of the instrument now gives the length of .(iii) Draw any line 'l'. Choose a point A on 'l'. Without changing the compasses setting, place the pointer on A.(iv) Draw an arc that cuts 'l' at a point, say B.Hence, is the copy of .

Question 2:Given some line segment , whose length you do not know, construct such that the length of is twice that of .Answer 2:Steps of construction:

(i) Given whose length is not known.(ii) Fix the compasses pointer on A and the pencil end on B. The opening of the instrument now gives the length of .(iii) Draw any line 'l'. Choose a point P on 'l'. Without changing the compasses setting, place the pointer on Q.(iv) Draw an arc that cuts 'l' at a point R.(v) Now place the pointer on R and without changing the compasses setting, draw another arc that cuts 'l' at a point Q.Hence, is the required line segment whose length is twice that of AB.