The leaders of Pakistan and Afghanistan met Monday and discussed the resumption of peace talks between the Kabul administration and the Taliban, Pakistani officials said, in an attempt to revive the stalled reconciliation process in Afghanistan that aims to end the long-running war.

After months of strained ties, the meeting was seen by analysts as the first step toward mending bilateral ties, which is essential for Pakistan-brokered peace talks to resume. The peace process is being actively encouraged by the U.S. and China,...