This study was conducted to investigate the influence of vehicle emissions on zinc and lead content of cow's milk, grazing at 15 different locations near to roadsides in Sakarya, Turkey. The results obtained for zinc were between 1262 μg kg−1 and 6566 μg kg−1. An acceptable range of zinc content from various sides confirmed the absence of possible toxicological risks in this region. The lead ...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of bioluminescence measurement and analysis of swabs taken from the surfaces of the equipment for determination of the hygienic state of a milking machine when biofilm is present on the surfaces. In addition the measurement of electrical conductivity of milk as a tool to detect cows with subclinical mastitis was examined. In the ...

Fat digestion in the young calf Commercial milk replacers are often compared and evaluated based on the percentage of protein and fat on the label. Discussion rarely delves into what makes up the components of fat and its effects on digestion, absorption or growth. Fats are comprised of short chain, medium chain and long chain fatty acids. The length of the chain is ...

Aflatoxins occur naturally in peanuts, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, corn, dried chili pepper, etc. However the growth of mold does not always indicate the presence of toxin since the yield of Aflatoxins is dependent on growth conditions such as moisture, temperature, and aeration. The Aflatoxins are characterized as B for blue fluorescence and G for green fluorescence. The numerical subscripts ...

Abstract Dairy production systems involve large inputs and large outputs. In environmental and economic terms, this means dairying is potentially a large consumer of natural resources and a generator of large amounts of pollutants and waste as green house gases (GHG) and manure. To ensure a sustainable milk production system; it becomes important to understand the environmental and ...

Received for publication January 27, 2009. The present study investigated the effects of a feed additive and rumen microbial modifier, monensin sodium (monensin), on selected variables in lactating dairy cows. Monensin fed cows (MON, 600 mg d–1) were compared with untreated control cows (CON, 0 mg d–1) with respect to the effects of monensin on the production of three greenhouse gases (GHG), ...

As all human water use is ultimately linked to final consumption, it is interesting to know the specific water consumption and pollution behind various consumer goods, particularly for goods that are waterintensive, such as foodstuffs. The objective of this study is to quantify the water footprints of soy milk and soy burger and compare them with the water footprints of equivalent animal products ...

Farmers in Korogwe in northeast Tanzania mostly have very limited smallholdings on which they grow maize, the staple food in this area, and have one or two cows with a few having up to eight cows. The farmers wanted to pool their resources to allow them to raise some revenue by selling their surplus milk. This research note outlines involvement with a scheme to assist the farmers, and confirms ...

CAFOs (Confined Animal Feeding Operations) face struvite in their manure holding ponds and manure lagoons, as well as their recirculation systems. On a dairy farm in Neb. that operated with 15,000 milking cows, they were generating 500,000 gal per day of wastewater laden with manure. Over the summer, they noticed a reduction in their pumping capacity because the first lagoon was ...

An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to assess the energy input–output prediction in dairy farms of Iran. Data used were culled from 50 randomly selected farms using face to face questionnaire approach. The energy input–output analysis was carried out for the parameters of ANN model. Based on performance measures, single hidden layers with 16 neurons in the hidden ...

Researchers in Denmark have measured the quantities of greenhouse gases in the breath of dairy cows and demonstrated a heritable variability between individual animals. “This means that we have an opportunity to select for breeding those individuals which will produce offspring that generate less methane,” says Dr Jan Lassen who led the research project on individual methane ...

THROUGH its award-winning Cow Power program, Central Vermont Public Service (CVPS), a Vermont utility headquartered in the city of Rutland, is helping dairy farmers diversify their incomes by turning manure into electricity. The farmers process manure in anaerobic digesters to generate power, which CVPS customers voluntarily pay a premium to purchase. In addition to income from electricity sales, ...

Abstract California has become the leading dairy products producing state in the USA. This has resulted in farms commonly milking several thousand cows per day. The care and feeding of the animals has produced large waste streams commonly collected and stored in lagoons. Environmentally safe handling and reuse of the lagooned wastewater is the objective of this study. A system of ...

Kilby Inc., a 600-cow dairy operation located in Colora, Maryland, has the only operational commercial anaerobic digestion (AD) system in the state. In 2009, Kilby Inc. (the dairy farm and milk production business) began construction of a covered lagoon digester, which started operating in March 2011. The digester input consists of flushed cow manure (98% by volume) and food waste (2%), including ...

The risk of thyroid cancer from reactor accidents has long been a salient factor in the analysis of nuclear reactor safety. This risk arises largely from the abundance of iodine-131 in the fission product inventory. Iodine disperses widely if released into the atmosphere and could enter the human food-chain, particularly through consumption of contaminated cows' milk. Iodine entering the human ...

As public awareness of climate change increases, we see business and government beginning to rise to the challenge by changing the type of solutions available throughout the market. Businesses are reducing their environmental footprints and promoting their green claims on product labels and through retail channels. But how do consumers know which ‘green’ claims to trust? What should business ...