Iraqi film director Saad Salman underlines the importance of the American presence in his country of origin and regrets that France, his home for thirty years, did not help in the downfall of Saddam Hussein.

Following his documentary Baghdad On/Off, undercover “road-movie” filmed in Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, Saad Salman returns to Iraq to undertake a new film. In order to be immersed in the atmosphere of Baghdad, he decides to write the script in the city itself rather than in Paris where he had been exiled since 1976. Though he is involved in the reconstruction process, Saad Salman goes to great lengths to remain independent of the political forces active in the country. He has refused many an important political post and does not belong to any party, which in fact remains his main liability.

How was you experience of returning to Iraq after all those years spent in France?

I have the same impressions as those which I had upon my arrival in France thirty years ago. Weirdly, I feel like a foreigner in Baghdad. Everything has radically changed, be it codes, symbols or ways of speaking… Take clothes for example: in my time, going out in a djellaba [veil] in Baghdad was greatly frowned upon whereas now it seems perfectly normal. Nowadays, it is practically impossible to see a woman without a veil in the street. Desert nomads and villagers have migrated to the city and “urban manners” have disappeared. We are witnessing a regression.

Are conflicts between communities in Iraq tangible?

I personally do not feel either Sunni or Shiite but Iraqi! We do not feel tension on the streets. However, political problems create an artificial uneasiness. There are forces internal and external to Iraq, notably France, who play upon the conflicts between communities in order to abort the American project.

What is your opinion of the role the Americans are playing today?

We cannot judge what the intervention will bring, but it is clear that it has been positive with the downfall of Saddam Hussein. The Americans’ problem is the Iraqis themselves. It is difficult for the Americans to meet an Iraqi interlocutor. Thirty years of fascism have created a culture of hypocrisy and the gap has widened [between Iraq and other nations]. Iraqis and Americans do not understand each other. The Iraqi people want an American presence that goes beyond military operations: experience, technology. One cannot fight against a small mafia with tanks and helicopters. The Americans would use an atomic bomb to kill a rat!

Is the climate today one of hostility or one of hope?

We are far from civil war. Before, those who would commit violence would do so in silence or in the name of the state. Now, they are not part of the state apparatus anymore, but the criminal instinct remains. They have changed sides and have come to target and kill civilians. Also, one needs to keep in mind that these are minorities that work for various secret services in Iraq. But Iraqi society has proved resilient: in twelve years, it has managed to avoid civil war. The political process is underway and it is now impossible to go back. The Middle East as a whole will benefit from these ameliorations in Iraq. In spite of all the obstacles, the ten million Iraqis are actively involved and not a single one will accept the return of a Fascist regime.

What do Iraqis hope for from the European troops ?

For the Iraqis, Europe is not one entity but many different countries. If France claims to incarnate Europe and hide behind it, that is its affair. The French bet on one person [Saddam Hussein] for thirty years, but this is not the Iraqis’ fault. France had the chance to join in the liberation and now it is paying the consequences of its choices. In general, the Iraqis resent the military presence; they would rather have a force that protects the evolution of the political process without intervening in it. We are threatened by the Iranians, the Turks, the Jordanians, the Syrians, the Saudis, and so the American presence seems necessary. The Europeans have missed an opportunity! Even though some European countries are present in Iraq, France and Germany, old allies of Saddam’s regime, are not two of them. Thus Europe does not speak with one voice.