10 Thundering Facts About Apatosaurus

Apatosaurus suffers from an identity crisis of epic proportions. Even today, many people only know this amazing animal as the Brontosaurus, a name that was discarded 111 years ago. Really, it’s a shame. The real Apatosaurus deserves way more respect for what it was as opposed to what it wasn’t.

1. Scientifically, There’s No Such Thing as a Brontosaurus (But Apatosaurus is Legit)

While exploring Wyoming in 1879, a field crew organized by fossil hunter Othneil Charles Marsh found an impressive dino skeleton which he called Brontosaurus, or “Thunder Lizard.”

Fast forward to 1903. Paleontologist Elmer Riggs discovered that Brontosaurus was really a new species of Apatosaurus (“Deceptive Lizard”), another dinosaur Marsh’s men had discovered. Because the name Apatosaurus was older, it earned seniority, and Brontosaurus officially became an invalid genus.

2. Apatosaurus Was Accidentally Given the Wrong Head

Headless dinos rarely attract tourists. Though Marsh’s original Apatosaurus/Brontosaurus specimen was missing its skull, he believed the creature had a rounded noggin. So museum curators started giving their Apatosaurus mounts artificial heads modeled after a blunt-skulled creature called Camarasaurus.Apatosaurus’ true head (pictured directly above) wouldn’t be identified until the 1970s.

3. Apatosaurus Was Fairly Heavyset

“I’m not fat; I’m just big-boned!” Despite being shorter in length than Diplodocus and Barosaurus—two close relatives that shared its habitat—Apatosaurus had a much beefier skeleton and probably outweighed them.

4. A Long-Standing Myth Claims That Apatosaurus Lived in Swamps

News flash: Sauropods (“long-necked dinosaurs”) could get awfully big. In fact, some scientists briefly wondered if these beasties were too massive to walk about on dry land. Perhaps, it was suggested, they had to wallow in swamps and marshes to avoid collapsing under their own body mass. Today, there’s no reason to support this idea (fossilized track ways prove that sauropods could manage just fine terrestrially), but many keep buying into it anyway.

5. Apatosaurus Had a Weird Neck

This thing’s downright baffling!Apatosaurus, like many reptiles, had large, dangling structures called “cervical ribs” connected to its neck vertebrae. But in this particular dino, they’re abnormally massive—and nobody knows why.

6. It Lived with a Rogue’s Gallery of Predators

One hundred and fifty million years ago, the American west was a pretty wild place. Local carnivores included the 20-foot Ceratosaurus, the 28-foot Allosaurus, and the 30-foot Torvosaurus. As if this weren’t bad enough, smaller predatory dinos like Tanycolagreus, Marshosaurus, and Coelurus were also kicking around. Sheesh…

7. The British Successfully Cloned an Apatosaurus … According to Internet Pranksters

Facebook recently gave everyone a big dose of face-palm fuel when users started denouncing Steven Spielberg en masse for supposedly killing a Triceratops. This wasn’t the first major dinosaur hoax of 2014. Here’s an actual excerpt from a sham article that went viral last March:

Scientists at Liverpool’s John Moore University have successfully cloned a dinosaur, a spokesman from the university said today. The dinosaur, a baby Apatosaurus nicknamed "Spot" is currently being incubated at the University’s college of Veterinary Medicine.

The author(s) even included a picture… of a hairless baby kangaroo.

8. Apatosaurus Inspired one of the World’s First Cartoon Characters

Hand-drawn icons from Mickey Mouse to Homer Simpson owe a lot to an Apatosaurus named Gertie. Initially, the heroes and villains in animated cartoons were mere transplants from pre-existing comic strips. But 1914’s “Gertie the Dinosaur”—conceived by vaudevillian Winsor McCay—featured one of the first original characters created specifically for this exciting new medium.

9. Apatosaurus Might Have Been Even Bigger Than We Imagined…

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Last week, a team led by the Museum of Western Colorado finished unearthing a record-shatteringApatosaurus femur. At roughly 6 feet 6 inches long, this magnificent specimen indicates that Apatosaurus could have potentially reached over 80 feet in total length—noticeably longer than previous estimates had suggested.

10. A Vocal Scientific Minority Thinks Brontosaurus Should be Resurrected

There’s one tiny glimmer of hope for all the Bronto fans out there. When the name was demoted, the animal it belonged to was re-dubbed Apatosaurus excelsus. Yet, a few paleontologists now argue that A. excelsus is different-looking enough from the other known Apatosaurus species (A. ajax, A. louisae, and A. parvus) to deserve its own genus. Brontosaurus would therefore be restored after a hiatus that’s lasted since the Teddy Roosevelt administration.

Granted, there’s little chance of this actually happening. The vast majority of paleontologists favor keeping A. excelsus right where it is classification-wise. Unless some conclusive evidence against this status quo turns up, that’ll likely never change. Still, perhaps “Brontosaurus” might make a thundering comeback after all…

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Although the lives of celebrities are certainly in the public eye, there are a few personal things about famous actors that are virtually unknown to the general public—including who they've shared a womb with.

1. Scarlett Johansson

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Scarlett Johansson has a twin brother named Hunter Johansson, who was a campaign advisor for Barack Obama in 2008. While Hunter didn’t pursue a career in acting like his sister, the twins appeared together in the film Manny & Lo in 1996.

2. Vin Diesel

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While Vin Diesel (whose real name is Mark Sinclair Vincent) is enjoying a career in front of the camera with starring roles in action films such as Fast & Furious and Riddick, his fraternal twin brother Paul Vincent likes his place behind the camera as a film editor.

3. Ashton Kutcher

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Ashton Kutcher was born Christopher Ashton Kutcher, and has a fraternal twin brother named Michael. When he was a child, Michael developed cerebral palsy and cardiomyopathy and required a heart transplant during his teenage years. Before starring in That '70s Show, Ashton attended the University of Iowa and studied biochemical engineering, inspired to find a cure for Michael’s heart disease. Michael is currently a spokesman for Reaching for the Stars, an organization advocating for children with cerebral palsy.

4. Kiefer Sutherland

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Kiefer Sutherland was born the older brother of his twin sister Rachel. While Kiefer Sutherland is mostly known for starring as Jack Bauer on Fox’s thriller 24, Rachel works behind the scenes as a post-production supervisor on films and television in Toronto.

5. Giovanni Ribisi

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Giovanni Ribisi's twin sister Marissa had a budding career as an actress in Hollywood with roles in The Brady Bunch Movie, Pleasantville, and Dazed and Confused. She took a hiatus in the early 2000s, and married singer/songwriter Beck in 2004. Marissa Ribisi and Beck have two children, Cosimo Henri and Tuesday. Marissa also launched a fashion line called Whitley Kros in 2007.

6. Linda Hamilton

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Leslie Hamilton Gearren is the identical twin sister of actress Linda Hamilton. Although Leslie is a professional nurse, she was also her sister Linda’s on-screen double in three scenes in Terminator 2: Judgment Day.

7. Parker Posey

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Parker Posey was dubbed “Queen of the Indies” in the '90s for her appearances in movies such as Dazed and Confused, Party Girl, and Waiting For Guffman. Her twin brother Christopher took an alternative career route as a lawyer in Atlanta, Georgia.

8. Joseph Fiennes

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Joseph Fiennes has five biological siblings who took all up careers in the arts. His older brother Ralph Fiennes is an Academy Award-nominated actor, while his other brother Magnus is a composer, and his sisters Martha and Sophie are filmmakers. Joseph also has a twin brother named Jacob, who opted not to go into the entertainment industry, but instead started a career as a conservationist.

9. Eva Green

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French model and actress Eva Green’s breakout role was in the James Bond film Casino Royale. She has since appeared in Dark Shadows, 300: Rise of an Empire, and the upcoming Sin City: A Dame to Kill For. Green’s fraternal twin sister Joy took up a career rearing horses in the Normandy countryside with her husband.

10. Jon Heder

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While Jon Heder is mostly known for playing the titular role in the cult classic Napoleon Dynamite, his identical twin brother Dan Heder works behind the scenes in animation and visual effects, notably for the movie 47 Ronin. The brothers both worked on the Oscar-nominated animated film Monster House in 2006—Jon provided the voice for the character Reginald "Skull" Skulinski, while Dan was one of the film’s animators.