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2 The Evolution to PON In 1980s -1990s, we had: Dial up modems The best data rate we could get from home. 56Kbps Cable TV Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) Service Providers deployed thousands of miles of Optical cable into their Backbone network. 15 years later, Convergence brought us a single connection to the outside world, that supported all of those old services in New ways, at significantly higher data rates

3 Definition: So, what is PON (or POL)? A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications network that uses point to multipoint fiber to the premises in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises. A PON consists of an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at the service provider's central office and a number of Optical Network Units (ONUs) near the end users. A PON reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point to point architectures. A passive optical network is a form of fiber-optic access network. credit Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

7 Year Development PON History cont d 2004 IEEE release the Ethernet in the First Mile standard 802.3ah EPON uses standard Ethernet frames Downstream = Upstream = 1.25Gbs EPON is designed for Data centric networks, and supports Voice, data and video services av (10GE-PON) is ratified as an amendment. 10G-EPON supports 10/1Gbs simultaneously downstream By 2005, Verizon and SBC had rolled out over 800,000 subscribers to their Fiber to the Home networks.

8 Fiber Advantages over Copper Infrastructure for the POL Passive Optical LANs (POL) are ideal solutions for new Infrastructure builds and Upgrades, offering: CAPEX and OPEX Savings Reduced Equipment costs (fewer Aggregation switches), Reduced Cooling needs (reduced HVAC handlers) Future Proof upgrade path to higher Bandwidths Guaranteed Bandwidth: using a Centralized switch is more efficient compared to a traditional layered active switch model. Fiber Cable has shown to be more advantageous compared to Copper solutions in a number of ways: Distance: whether Multimode or Single mode fiber, transmission distance is significantly longer than all Category rated cable solutions Bandwidth: Unlimited (maybe), but at a minimum significantly higher than Category 6A, or even emerging Category 8 Reliability: not susceptible to corrosion Reduced Power Needs: Optical interfaces use less power, compared to Copper NICs

16 Observations ~ 74% of traffic was and Web Surfing ~ 95% of the Users used less than 80 Mbps in total Bandwidth (86% used less than 50Mbps) That most applications do not require the Bandwidth we think Most traffic was passed through the Core Router, very little peer to peer traffic Enterprise traffic is Hub and Spoke based, generally applications reside in a Central Data Center HTTP traffic increases as Cloud services increase The Usage patterns which give rise to decentralized computing and LANs are shifting back to a centralized model with a different network architecture

17 Traditional LAN Architecture Distance Limited Core Switch Layer Distribution Layer Aggregation Layer Access Layer End User Based on Layered Active Switches Access Layer passes traffic up to Distribution layer, then up to the Core Switch and routed to End Destination If Source and Destination share a similar layer the traffic is switched at that layer and not passed further up Physical Limitations exist with this architecture: End Users cannot be more than 100 M (including Patch cords) from the serving Access Layer switch for Copper cabling Similar limitation exists between Layered Switches if Copper Cabling is used If Multimode Fiber is used, distance is limited by Fiber type and Bandwidth Telecom Closets must be within these guidelines to ensure Standards are met Copper cabling must be kept a minimum distance away from power cables Operational and Management challenges include: All VLANs, Priorities, QoS, CoS etc, must be provisioned in ALL switches and maintained at all levels.

20 EPON & GPON Summary Both EPON and GPON recognized the need to evolve PON to being a Gigabit capable solution for transporting Ethernet IP traffic. Both utilize a common optical infrastructure, but very different in execution. EPON extended native Ethernet to support the PON P2MP architecture, while GPON wished to extend the life of GFP framed SONET/SDH GPON Telco legacy supporting legacy telecom SONET networking GPON link rates match ITU standards like OC3, OC12, etc North American Telcos SONET/GPON Equipment based on ITU/SONET typically more expensive/complicated EPON is designed to support Ethernet and IP EPON link rates match IEEE standards like 1Gbs, 10Gbs, etc North American Cable Operators adopting EPON EPON is widely deployed world-wide Ethernet and IP scale reducing costs and driving investment in EPON systems

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