Thursday, February 4, 2016

Military draft -- not for men only -- Feb. 4, 2016 column

By MARSHA MERCER

The last draftees opened the momentous letters in
1972: “You are hereby ordered for induction into the Armed Forces of the United
States.”

Since then, generations of young men have registered
with the Selective Service System, starting when they turn 18 through age 25.It’s the law. Young women can’t register for
the draft even if they want to.

A consensus is growing that it’s time, finally, for women
to register. Equality demands it.

With all jobs in the military – including combat -- now
open to women, it’s unfair to conscript only men in a national emergency.

The Obama administration has not yet decided about
changing policy, but two top generals said they personally believe women should
register.

“Senator, I think that all eligible and qualified
men and women should register for the draft,” Gen. Mark A. Milley, chief of
staff of the Army, said Tuesday at a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing. Gen.
Robert B. Neller , the Marine Corps commandant, agreed.

“I do too,” said Sen. Claire McCaskill, D-Mo., who had
asked the generals’ opinion. She suggested that if women were required to
register, more might see the military as a career option.

The all-volunteer force relies on a relatively small
group. Only one in four young Americans 18 to 24 can qualify for the military;
three in four fail to meet education or physical standards or have
disqualifying criminal records.

“To shrink that pool deprives us of a lot of talent,”
Neller said.

Whether the Pentagon’s decision to open 220,000 jobs
to women could hurt the military is a concern in some quarters. Sen. Roger
Wicker, R-Miss., fears standards will be lowered if women fail rigorous
training programs. For example, 29 female Marine officers have attempted, but
not passed, the infantry officer course.

“I don’t see how we can guarantee that in the
future, these standards will not be diminished,” Wicker said.

While most people hope the draft will never again be
needed, Rep. Charles Rangel, D-N.Y., a Korean war combat veteran in the Army, favors
reinstating it. Others on Capitol Hill favor abolishing the Selective Service
and registration altogether. Congress has been cool to both.

President Bill Clinton, who worked to avoid the
draft as a young man, in 1995 called the Selective Service a “relatively low-cost
insurance policy.” The idea is to deter threats and show that the United States
has the means and will to defend itself.

Whether women should be conscripted, though, has
long been debated. Near the end of World War II, when nearly 400,000 women enlisted
in the military, a nurse shortage prompted President Franklin Roosevelt to call
for a bill to draft nurses. The House approved but the Senate balked. The war
ended, making the subject moot.

After Vietnam, peacetime draft registration stopped.
On Feb. 8, 1980, President Jimmy Carter, reacting to the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan, announced that he was sending Congress a plan to register men -- and
women -- for the draft, should one become necessary.

“There is no
distinction possible, on the basis of ability or performance, that would allow
me to exclude women from an obligation to register,” Carter said. He stressed
that women were not in units likely to experience close combat – and he had no
intention of changing that policy.

Congress restarted registration – for men only.

A case challenging the exclusion of women went to
the Supreme Court. In Rostker v. Goldberg, the court upheld the policy, saying it did not violate
the Due Process Clause. With women restricted from combat, men and women were
not “similarly situated” with regard to registration, the court ruled.

Other cases challenging men-only registration are currently
making their way through the courts.

“It goes back to the need to think generations
ahead,” he said Wednesday. The best military in the future will need to “reach
into the largest pool of people.”

Resistance to registering women for the draft likely
will come from both the left and the right.

“Of course,
the idea of parity probably sounds great until you’re putting your daughter on
a bus to boot camp,” Tony Perkins, president of the conservative Family
Research Council, wrote on the group’s site.

During the 2008 presidential campaign, then-Sen.
Barack Obama tried to have it both ways. He favored registering women for military
service, he said, although, “I don’t
agree with the draft.”