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Investing in Russia
Investing in Russia has gotten really widely promoted for the last period. I can remember the talks that stocks in Russia are the cheapest over the world for not less than year. The fact, that those stocks are sthttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investing_in_russia-p0-i9

Investing for BeginnerMany people are prepared to invest, and understand that investing would help to achieve many important goals of life.However, most of those people do not even start to invest, because do not know exactly how to do that, http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investing_for_beginner

Investment in Stocks
Stocks (shares) are investments that attract the most attention in financial markets, and perhaps stocks are worth it, because investors can expect the highest return from stocks among the range of traditional investmehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_in_stocks

Investing for Beginners - trading Account
a href="http://www.investingforbeginners.eu">Investing for beginners helps on many questions that every investor should solve in beginning of investment process or before it. One of such starting questions shohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investing_for_beginners_trading_account

Asset ManagementDefinition
Asset management which also is called as investment management has many similarities to finance management but investment management is more specific and narrow area of finance. Investhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/asset_management

Investment in Collectibles
Many kinds of collectibles may also be considered as investments, but their value and benefits are much more elusive, than more serious traditional investment instruments.
Works of art, stamps, antiques, coins, http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_in_collectibles

Investment in Futures
Futures - derivative financial instruments, which can help to acquire some object in the future with pre-agreed price.In the case of futures, the seller undertakes to sell the object, while the buyer to purchase http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_in_futures

Market Timing at InvestingInvesting During Change of Economic Cycles - Market Timing Investment Strategy
Market timing is capturing of investment price movements "waves" trying to sell high and buy cheap. Simple as that. Still it onlhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/market_timing_at_investing

Investing in FundsInvestment Funds Strategy
Indeed, investing in mutual funds is not complete investment strategy, but only a part of it, or more precisely, only the choice of investment instrument. For example, if the strategy dhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investing_in_funds

Net Debt
Definition
'Net debt' is used quite often in finance and it is equal to financial liabilities of the company that are reduced by the cash amount (and cash equivalents) that are held by the company. http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/net_debt

Online InvestingFew decades ago all the investors was acquiring stocks calling to broker by phone or using some other way to contact him. However, computerization of the world has changed investing significantly. Online investing becamehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/online_investing

Investments in Ultra ETF
Ultra ETF by most characteristics is similar to normal ETF but there is one main difference: if Ultra ETF follows the same index as normal ETF does, it makes it twice. For example, if normal ETF follows index thahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investments_in_ultra_etf

Investment in Normal ETF
Normal ETF (exchange-traded fund) is an ETF that is not a Short ETF/Ultra ETF. Usually ETF is a traded index fund that follows some specific index (might be various indices: equities, bonds, commodities, specifichttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_in_normal_etf

Wealth Management
Wealth management has a lot of similarities to investment management also a lot in common with finance management. But the finance management defines more corporate not a personal finance management, while http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/wealth_management

Investment Adviser
Investment advisor/adviser does the same jog as investment consultant does. But investment advisor is a term used by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). So usually investment advisor refers to a companyhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_adviser

Speculation
Speculation is an investment action made under intentions to earn large profits in short term. Usually such actions are very risky and lays somewhere between investing and gambling. It is hard to say where exactlhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/speculation

Investment Techniques
Investment techniques are some combination of investment strategies and investment tactics. Investment techniques usually are middle term oriented procedures that help to reach some predetermined result. It may ihttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_techniques

Investment Industry
An investment industry is a part of whole financial industry of the world. Finance sector includes not only investment industry but also other financial services: corporate finance, public finance, insurancehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_industry

Financial Market
A financial market is a term widely used to describe virtual place/mechanism that allows meeting the sellers and buyers of the investment and other financial products. In current times buyers and sellers do not mhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_market

OTC Market
OTC (Over-The-Counter) market is decentralized market where financial assets are traded. Decentralized market means a contrast to the exchange trading. OTC market doesn’t have one place (no physical, no virhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/otc_market

Global Financial Market
A global financial market is a totality of all worlds’ financial markets. Every decent country has a Security Exchange and larger states have few or several of them. As financial markets includes not ohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/global_financial_market

FOREX Market
FOREX market (foreign exchange market) is a global network of trading in different currencies. It is the most liquid financial market with huge turnovers continuously without breaks. Lot commercial banks, centralhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/forex_market

Spot Market
Spot markets are a contrast to the futures markets because in spot market transaction are completed immediately and in cash (or bank transfer). The spot market represents the real current prices on the market of http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/spot_market

Bull Market
A bull market is a market trend when investment market is increasing over longer period and is believed to increase in the future. Bull market is a well known term among investors and is opposite to bear marhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/bull_market

Initial Public Offering (IPO)
An initial public offering (IPO) is a first introduce of company’s shares to the stock market. However, during initial public offering shares are sold not on the stock exchange but on network of clients by http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/initial_public_offering_ipo

Greenshoe
A greenshoe is an option to sell or buy shares during initial public offering IPO. This option is agreed between the company that goes public and the IPO organizer (some corporate finance firm).
Thehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/greenshoe

Flipping
Flipping is partly an investment strategy, partly a speculation when investor resells acquired property quickly on purpose to get fast profit.
Flipping is most common in IPO’s when retail invhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/flipping

Investment Tactics
Investment tactics are the rules for investment actions that help to react on market conditions and achieve more efficient results. Investment tactics deal with lower scale questions than investment strategy, whihttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_tactics

Asset Management
Asset management is a process when assets acquired, monitored and sold on purpose to achieve optimal investment results. There is no strong difference between investment management and asset management. However, http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/asset_management

Stock Exchange
A stock exchange is an operator/company that takes bids from the sellers and buyers and executes transactions if conditions allow it. Usually stock exchanges offer trading not only for stocks but also for other fhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/stock_exchange

Buying on Margin
Buying on Margin
Costs of Buying Stocks on Margin
Margin Call
The Pros and Cons
Psychology: Is it worth?
Buying on margin gets popularity during every strong bull market. Unfortunately, it behttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/buying_on_margin

Financial Investment Group
Financial investment group usually is different from capital investment group. Regularly financial investment group includes a brokerage firm and provides standard functions: financial consultations, investment mhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_investment_group

Investment Bank
An investment bank is a financial institution that has a license of bank and specializes exclusively on investment services. In the USA investment banking services was separated from other banking activity uhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_bank

Brokerage Company
A Brokerage Company is a financial institution that has a license to provide intermediary services for a securities trading to the clients. Every retail client cannot by securities on stock exchange by himself behttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/brokerage_company

Commercial Bank
A commercial bank also commonly called just a bank is financial institution that has a license to provide financial services.
The principal services provided by banks:
Taking the deposits
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/commercial_bank

Holding Company
Holding company is a type of a company which main activity is to invest in other companies. Holding as itself does not do any activity instead of managing their subsidiary companies and searching for new investmehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/holding_company

Investment Market
An investment market is a part of a financial market and represents all investments that were issued by corporations, governments or other entities. All the trades made by retail and institutional investors can bhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_market

Financial Leverage
A financial leverage is a use of borrowed money to achieve more efficient capital structure. A borrowed capital is cheaper than equity capital most of the times. So usage of loaned money makes weighted average cahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_leverage

Total Expense Ratio
‘Total expense ratio shows all expenses of investment fund. It is a good measure that shows you how much of different fees you are really paying when investing in some fund. Total expense ratio is a percenthttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/total_expense_ratio

INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT  HOW TO MANAGE YOURS INVESTMENTS PROPERLY
Investment management is a complete science and if you are expecting to become a professional investment manager in few hours you should get disappointed. However, there are several most important guidelines at ihttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_management_how_to_manage_yours_investments_properly

Working Capital
Working capital can be calculated from balance sheet data. There are few ways to calculate working capital, but the most accurate is this one (for operating working capital):
Working capital = total currhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/working_capital

Repo
Repo (repurchase agreement) is a contract between the investor, who borrows money, and the lender who lends money and takes (buys and resells) securities for collateral, in case if the investor will default to rehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/repo

Margin trading
Margin trading is trading in securities when part of the investment portfolio is financed by borrowed money (the other part by your own capital). For example, you have investment portfolio of value $20k, end you http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/margin_trading

EV/S Ratio Enterprise Value to Sales Ratio
EV/S ratio shows how expensive firm is compared to its sales. This multiple is important when company is unprofitable or profits margins are very low and turnaround is expected inhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/ev_s_ratio

ADR (American Depository Receipt)
ADR (American Depository Receipt) is a form of international stock trading when a certificate (security) that might be traded in some US stock exchange in US dollars and represents shares of foreign company. The http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/adr_american_depository_receipt

CAPM
CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) is method widely used for equity cost calculation. Equity cost should show the return that investor should expect/seek from an investment that contains specific level of risk.&nhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/capm

Free Float
Free float is a proportion of company’s shares that are really traded in the market. Normally, free float is lower than the total outstanding number of shares, because most of the largest shareholders do nohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/free_float

Market Making
Market making is a service provided by brokerage company to some listed company to increase liquidity in stock trading on stock exchange. Usually brokerage company gets paid for this service and has to maintain shttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/market_making

Floating Exchange Rate
Floating exchange rate is a regime of a currency which sets currency ratio naturally according to demand and supply in the market. Most of the biggest currencies (EUR, USD, GBP, JPY and others) are floating currehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/floating_exchange_rate

Margin Call
Buying on Margin
Costs of Buying Stocks on Margin
Margin Call
The Pros and Cons
Psychology: Is it worth?
Margin call is a fabulous term which carries some mysticism. However, there is nothinghttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/margin_call

Costs of Buying Stocks on Margin
Buying on Margin
Costs of Buying Stocks on Margin
Margin Call
The Pros and Cons
Psychology: Is it worth?
We won’t talk about the possible losses in here. The goal of this paragraph is thttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/costs_of_buying_stocks_on_margin

Margin CallsMargin call is a call by margin trading service provider to an investor who is buying on margin. Such calls are provided when assets (collateral) in the investment portfolio are losing value and reach the margin. Margin http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/margin_calls

Financial Investment
Financial investment is any financial asset that should provide a return for investor. Financial asset is an asset that doesn’t have tangible form and has some financial obligations to its owner. All securihttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/financial_investment

trading Stockstrading stocks is a process when stocks are bought and sold on the stock market. How differs trading stocks and investing in stocks? Well, it is the same, just is common to think that investing is a long term prohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/trading_stocks

trading Platformtrading platform is an electronic tool provided by brokerage company or other financial intermediary that allows for investor to buy and sell stocks or other securities using his computer. In other words tradinghttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/trading_platform

Equity trading
Equity trading is a process when equities are bought and sold through a trading platform. Equity trading is a synonym for trading stocks as equity in investment field is represented by stocks. Investing in equityhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/equity_trading

Investment Products
Investment products basically are investments that are packed and adopted for every investor. The best example of investment product could be mutual funds or any other investment funds that are well diversified ahttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_products

Day Trader
A day trader is a speculator that trades in stocks, currencies or some other securities within a very short period. Most of the trades are made by the trading in one day period. Day trader is a pure speculator, ehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/day_trader

Stock Trader
A stock trader is a speculator that is trying to make profits from quick changes in value of stocks or other securities that he trades. Stock trader have few differences from normal investor and the main differenhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/stock_trader

Passive Investment
Passive investment (management) is an investment style when investors skips the steps of securities picking and market timing and invests mainly in index funds that have the lowest expenses.
Phttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/passive_investment

Investment Websites
Investment websites are websites that provide useful information about investing and investments or websites that allow you to open a trading platform and trade some investments online.
There are mhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_websites

Stock Market trading
Stock market trading is similar to stock market investing; however, it is not exactly the same. At first, stock trading refers to a stock trader who trades stocks very often and do not invests for a long term. Lohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/stock_market_trading

Buying Stocks
Buying stocks is an easy thing. Of course, it is harder to pick good stocks. Every person, that has some capital, can open a trading platform and buy stocks, but the goal is not only to buy the stocks but to makehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/buying_stocks

trading Volumetrading volume is an amount of securities that was traded in the market over some period. Usually volume is measured for a trading session (day), week or month but other periods also may be used. Higher number ofhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/trading_volume

Discount Broker
A discount broker is a brokerage company that acts as an intermediary for securities trading and offers is used to offer its services for a lower commission fees. At the same time discount brokers provide less cohttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/discount_broker

Liquidity
(1) Market liquidity is a characteristic of a security or other traded investment that shows how easy it is convertible in to cash at a market value. Usually when investor decides to sell some investment andhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/liquidity

Broker
A broker is an intermediary that helps for retail or other investors buy their investments. Broker can be as a person (job title) or a brokerage company that acts as a financial intermediary between the seller anhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/broker

Brokerage Account
Brokerage account is an account provided to investor by a brokerage company or an investment bank. Brokerage account has changed during computerization and now almost all brokerage accounts have electronic interfhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/brokerage_account

Investment Fund Management
Investment fund management is not much different from simply investment management or asset management. Investment fund is large investment portfolio and the composition of that portfolio depends on particular fuhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_fund_management

Bid Price
Bid price is the highest price at which buyer is willing to buy specific amount of securities. Investors often leave their buy orders through their brokerage account while each buy order that stays in the exchanghttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/bid_price

Bid-Ask Spread
Bid-ask spread is the difference between the bid price and the ask price, or in other words it is a difference between the best offered price of a seller and the best given price by a buyer for a particular securhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/bidask_spread

Investment Management System
It is common to understand an investment management system as investment management software that helps in investment portfolio management. While other people believe that investment management system should do thttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_management_system

Working Capital Calculation
There are few modifications of working capital calculation. All data that are needed for working capital calculation can be found in balance sheet (which is one the three main financial statements).
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/working_capital_calculation

Investments in Blue Chip Stocks
Stock investments require high degree of financial knowledge and the understanding of market realities, but only if you are seeking for the most efficient result. Yet, the reality is that there are millions of pehttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investments_in_blue_chip_stocks

Investment Formula
If you are looking for some perfect investment formula, you should get disappointed because there is no secret investment formula that would be profitable for every investor. If there would be such perfect formulhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/investment_formula

Inside Information
Inside information is information of the company that was not publicly disclosed. Such information is daily routine for company’s managers, finance department employees or product department employees as thhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/inside_information

Insider trading
Insider trading is an illegal activity in trading stocks when a stock trader is using information that was not officially disclosed. Such information is called inside information. Such trading is called ‘inhttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/insider_trading

Fundamental Analysis
Fundamental analysis is the type of financial analysis that relies on company’s fundamentals. Those fundamentals depend on the target of the analysis. For example, fundamental analysis of stock depends on ihttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/fundamental_analysis

Technical Analysis of Stocks
Technical analysis of stocks is widely known type of stock analysis. Technical analysis is completely opposite to fundamental analysis. While fundamental analysis relies on company’s ability to generate cashttp://www.investingforbeginners.eu/technical_analysis_of_stocks

Negotiable
(1) Negotiable means the description of the price when it is or can be flexible depending on other conditions. All sold goods or services may have negotiable or fixed prices, and it depends on the sales strategy http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/negotiable

LeverageLeverage definition
In finance leverage means usage of debt capital in addition to the equity capital in order to increase the profit. Increase in leverage is understood as increase in riskiness and volatility.
http://www.investingforbeginners.eu/leverage

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