criminology essay

Terrorism Muslims And Non Muslims Criminology Essay

Published: 23, March 2015

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Terrorism is the act of violence; it is classified into 4 major types: left wing terrorism, religious terrorism, Cyber terrorism, Narcoterrorism, Nuclear terrorism, and bioterrorism. These terrorists have different methods and techniques of carrying out their acts. The most common types are: bombing, kidnapping, hostage-taking, armed attacks and assassinations, arsons and firebombing, and hijackings and skyjackings. Terrorists around the world are from multi-religions, some unknown, but they are non-Muslim, Christian extremists and Jewish extremists. The media plays an important role on how people view the matter of terrorism. Terrorists want certain things from the media, and the government wants exactly the opposite of what the terrorists demand. The media want certain things when broadcasting news, for example having more freedom of coverage.

Terrorism: Muslims and Non-Muslims

Everywhere in the world terrorists are viewed as Muslims with long beards; this has caused much conflict for Muslims all around the world. A common saying "Not all Muslims are terrorists, but all terrorists are Muslims" has made the majority of airports much more prejudiced concerning the rights of Muslims passengers, especially those from Arab background. Differentiating between terrorists and non terrorists relies on knowing: what terrorism really is, and the different religions of terrorists and how the media affects the viewer's positions from the issue.

Terrorism is an act of unexpected violence, its main purpose is to create fear too the people of the certain area in order to send out a message. To carry out a terrorism act, the terrorists must plan the attack against someone or something, and this usually takes years of planning and preparation, depending on how important the plan is. Terrorists do not care about the human life; they would create extreme violence to cause panic and chaos. Even though terrorism is violent and meant to create change, it is not planned or carried out by government officials, but by very small groups. The main reason for the usage of violence is to grab the people's attention, by doing so they will become feared and gain power. Why would they want to create fear? They create fear so that the civilians of the area would begin to question about their safety which is provided by the leaders. The audience that terrorist want could be: rival ethnic groups, religious groups or even an entire country. People with opposing and conflicting believes cannot send out a message without being silenced due to the fact that the government is more powerful, but by using violent techniques their message would be able to reach the people.

It is known that terrorism has more than one type; in fact there are 4 major types: left wing terrorism, religious terrorism, Cyber terrorism, Narcoterrorism, Nuclear terrorism, and bioterrorism.

Left wing terrorists try to limit the use of violence, they destroy the democracy and capture it, and then they change it to socialist or communist regime. These types of terrorists limit the harming of victims. Examples of left wing terrorism: Baader-Meinhof Group, the Japanese Red Army, Weathermen, and the Red Brigades.

Religious terrorist's main purpose is to change the political system, such as the ruling and ethics of the area. According to the public the most known religious terrorist groups are: Al-Qaeda, Hamas, Hezbollah, Aum Shinrikyo.

Cyber terrorists use technology such as telecommunication and computers to create chaos. They hack into networked services and alter or disrupt the system, such as disabling the security system, hacking into financial information and even spoil industrials, such as hacking into their package orders and substituting chemicals with different chemicals that would be harmful.

Narcoterrorism is when the terrorists promote the trafficking of drugs. These groups are mostly known and present in South America. They sell drugs in order to fund their operations, plus they cause violence to those who try to oppose them.

"Nuclear terrorism" is when terrorist using nuclear materials in their tactics. They attack nuclear facilities, build nuclear weapons or even buy nuclear weapons. Such groups could be as of great threat to its enemies.

Bioterrorists intentionally release "biological toxic agent" to jeopardize the health of civilians, they hire scientists to create those toxins and then they will spread them around the marked area. According to research these are the mostly used viruses: Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin), The Plague (Yersinia pestis), Smallpox (Variola major), Tularemia (Francisella tularensis), and Hemorrahagic fever, due to Ebola Virus or Marburg Virus.

Terrorists have many different types of techniques, some very simple and some very complicated, depending on the advancement of the terrorist organization.

The most known type of terrorism is bombing, due to the fact that they are easy to make and aren't very expensive. With the advancement of technology it had made detecting for explosives harder. The usage of bombs is to create massive destruction, "for example, on August 7, 1998, two American embassies in Africa were bombed. The bombings claimed the lives of over 200 people, including 12 innocent American citizens, and injured over 5000 civilians".

Terrorists use hostage-taking and kidnapping to have a negotiable position over the government and police forces and to attract public media and attention. Even though kidnapping might take serious planning and is very difficult to accomplish, it could be very helpful if it succeeded, because it can bring them money, "release jailed comrades", allows them to send a message. Hostage-taking allows the terrorists to confront the authorities and forces them to comply with the terrorist demands.

Not so well developed terrorist groups, use armed attacks and assassinations. They either include raids or ambushes; they usually assassinate important people so that they will cause "psychological effect". The most common attack they do is "drive-by shooting" and planting small explosives, due to the fact that they are simple and unorganized groups.

The least types of organized and trained terrorist groups use "arsons and firebombing". They are easy to hide and cheap to produce, so it makes it easier for unequipped groups to use. They usually burn government buildings, malls, and industrial centers to portray the image that the ruling class is unable of maintaining safety.

More advanced terrorist groups use to process of "Hijackings and Skyjackings" to create disorder. They brutally capture a vehicle such as a plane or a cargo ship to create a hostage situation of multinational passengers in order to attract media and government attention. When skyjacking the terrorist change the direction of the plane and land in a country that supports their cause, by doing so they would have human shields, hostages and make police rescue attempts difficult.

Christian Identity is a bond of universal "churches and individuals that are devoted to a radicalized theology that states North European whites are the direct descendants of the lost tribes of Israel, God's chosen people". The major groups of Christian terrorists are: The Christian Patriots and The Lambs of Christ.

Christian Identity has been linked to the terrorist Eric Robert Rudolph. Rudolph has committed a series of bombings across the southern United States, throughout his attacks he killed three people and severely injured at least 150. The Christian Identity is against abortion and homosexuality, due to the fact that they believe they are disobeying the Christian doctrine. Due to that fact they have murdered many gay people and cause major damage to abortion clinics.

The Christian Patriots is an extremist tax-resistance movement. They are involved in the City bombing of Oklahoma City on April 19, 1995.

The Lambs of Christ are an anti-abortion terrorist group; they use extreme violence to stop abortion in the United States. They are guilty of the murder of Dr. Barnett Slepian in 1998.

The F.B.I. made at list called "Most Wanted Terrorists", this includes Daniel Andreas a 31 year old is classified as a terrorist due to the abuse of animal rights. He is described as a "domestic terrorist", the government is warning the people that he might be "armed and dangerous". He is said to have been wanted for the bombing of two San Francisco-area office buildings. The government is stressing on "extreme animal rights activists" that they might be as violent as Al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden.

Animal rights and environmental extremists create a great degree of stress and "domestic terror threat". According to the article by Robert Mackey, such extremists are responsible for more than 1800 criminal acts and damages worth of $110 million. In U.S.A. alone there are over 170 extremists.

Daniel Andreas is known to be involved with a group called SHAC, Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty, and this group battles animal experimentation for medical and cosmetic reasons. They are wanted for the bombing if two biotech facilities that do business with animal testing centers.

There are several small Jewish terrorist groups and they all attack Arabs, especially in East Jerusalem and West Bank. The best know of these groups are the Gush Emunim Underground, they are also known as the Jewish Terror Organization. This organization was formed in 1979; it was founded by religious zealots. The first terrorist acts of this group were carried out between 1980 and 1984; this included: the car bombing of five West Bank Arab mayors which paralyzed two them, the armed assault in the Hebron Islamic College which resulted in the death of three students and thirty injured.

Another major Jewish terrorist group is Terror Against Terror (TNT). This organization was established by Kach during 1975, he was a right-wing extremist. TNT is mostly famous for the beating and murder of several Arabs, they also vandalized many Arab property.

An extremist orthodox Jew believed that he was chosen by God for a certain mission. He invaded "the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in the old city of Jerusalem". The terrorist attempted to harm three monks of the church, but lucky for them they saw him and escaped. The terrorist left the church but instead began to vandalize Palestinian shops. An Israeli police arrived to the scene, but ironically the policeman defended the Jew and forced the shop owners to leave the area. The police officer used force against the shop keepers because he believed that if they confronted the Jewish terrorist they would create conflict with orthodox Jews. This was not the first Jewish terrorism attack against the Church, on October 23, 2007 the same group of terrorists set fire to the Baptist Church on Narkis Street in Jerusalem and firebombs were thrown at bookstores of the Baptist Church. This Jewish terrorist group call themselves "Nationalist group of Jews". This group believes that Christians and Muslims should not be a part of Jerusalem, because supposedly God gave it to them and only them.

Media is one of the main reasons behind the spread of fear from terrorists, since the media is always reporting terrorist acts and broadcasting them across television, radios, newspapers and the internet, they encourage terrorists to become more violent in sending their message. Since the public is always listening to the media, terrorists gain attention, increase fear, and secure understanding of their cause.

Terrorists want the media to alert the world whenever they create a problem, and have an interview with some important terrorist figure without it being edited. They want the media to show the public the reason for their actions and not only the actions had they taken. For example on hostage situations, the terrorists want the media to have full coverage on what they are doing, in order to send their message. The most important thing terrorists want from the media is for the media to cause damage on their enemies. For example spread fear, decrease the area's population, citizen's faith in their government decreases, breakdown in the economy such as tourist lose and investors leaving the country.

The government wants the media to show the people that they are under control of the situation and they are protecting the citizens of their area. They also want the media to be separated from the media, so that the fear and panic would decrease. Government wants terrorists to be presented as criminals through the media, so that people would support their government and not listen to the messages sent by the terrorists. For example to show the most brutal and inhumane acts, such as hijacking a plane, kidnapping for a ransom or even blowing up buildings. In hostage cases, the government prefers if the media would not get involved unless the police and law enforcement are under control or at least know what they are doing. Sometimes the government wants the terrorists to be classified as "Muslims", so that they if they start a war with some Arab country the citizens would support them rather than criticize them.

In the United States of America the media portrays terrorists as Muslims from the Middle East with long beards, and the media make them believe that all terrorists are Muslims and make its viewers hate Arabs, making Arab's especially Muslims live a harder life, due to the security check they go through and the way people view them. But this is a false accusation; in fact Muslims terrorists are only a minor percentage of terrorism in the world.

According to the article "All Terrorists are Muslimsâ€¦Except the 94% that Aren't" by Danios, it shows official F.B.I. records, and according to the records only 6% of the terrorist attacks on "U.S. soil" form the 80's till 2005 were committed by "Islamic extremists", 42% from Latinos, 24 from left wing groups, 7% from Jew, 5% from communists and 16% from other groups. The percentage of Islam terrorists is extremely close to that of the Jewish terrorist, but the media does not report any terrorism act except those of the Muslims, so that the public would hate them and want to end them, by doing so the U.S. can infiltrate any Arab country in the Middle East under the alibi for terrorism and people would support them. As evident from the article, most terrorism acts took place in Porto Rico.

According to the same article, terrorism in Europe is hardly carried out by Islamic terrorist, in fact 99.6% of the attacks were carried out by non-Muslim groups; 84.8% were attacks from unknown groups, 16% were from the left wing groups, and the 0.4% remaining were carried out by extremist Muslims.

If media reported all the terrorist acts and claimed them not to be Islamic, American's would close, destroy and even sue the Media, owing to the brain-washing the government has on its citizens.

The Islamophobes are a group of people that discriminate against Muslims, calling them terrorists and being racist towards them Islam. The blame all terrorist acts on them and make people hate them, but the truth is that they commit approximately 7 times the crimes that Muslim terrorists commit, but the media support them and back them up.

Due to the relationship between the media and terrorists, three new trends have emerged: "anonymous terrorism, more violent terrorism incidents, and terrorist attacks on media personnel and institutions."

According to the CNN documentary entitled Study: Threat of Muslim-America terrorism in U.S. Exaggerated; the study of the Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the claim: "the terrorist threat posed by radicalized Muslim-Americans has been exaggerated."

According to the CNN documentary entitled Study: Threat of Muslim-America terrorism in U.S. Exaggerated; the study of the Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, they claim: "the terrorist threat posed by radicalized Muslim-Americans has been exaggerated."

By understanding the how to differentiate between terrorists and non-terrorists a person must rely on knowledge of: what terrorism really is, the different terrorists and their religions and how the media affects the viewer's positions towards the issue. According to the research and investigation of the F.B.I. it was proved that the propaganda of all terrorists are Muslim to be false, thus we understand why and how the media is affecting Muslims internationally.

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