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Smart identification is a mechanism in QTP to identify objects smartly, whenever object identification fails due to changes in the Object properties.It's an algorithm to uniquely identify the objects dynamically.It identifies a particular object by comparing the properties of its test object and the run time object.

Smart Identification:
When ever the QTP is unable to identify the objects with the help of the
properties present in the object repository then the special mechanism provided by QTP
to identify the object smartly with some other properties is known as smart
identification.
Navigation for Object identification Configuration:
Activate the menu item tools
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Select the option object identification
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Select the desired environment
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Select the desired object type
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Specify the desired list of mandatory properties and assistive
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properties with the help of corresponding add/ remove buttons
Select the ordinal identifier
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Smart identification
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Select the check box enable smart identification
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Click on configure button
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Specify the desired list of base filter properties and optional filter
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properties with the help of add/remove buttons
Click on OK
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Click once again on Ok
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The Smart Identification dialog box enables you to create and modify the Smart Identification definition that QuickTest Professional uses for a selected test object class. When the recorded definition for an object does not enable QTP to identify an option, QuickTest Professional uses the smart identification definition (if defined and enabled) to identify the object.