2 Answers
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I learned about game entity systems through the book Game Engine Architecture by Jason Gregory. He discusses several implementations, ranging from class based to purely aggregate components, complete with examples. I highly recommend it, not just for that section, but for anybody who wants to know how to structure code for their game.

this book looks great, can't wait to buy it and dive right into it
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dretaFeb 21 '12 at 16:21

Best game engine book available, in my opinion.
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Tyler EgetoFeb 21 '12 at 16:54

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Other than these references this whole component/entity thing is nothing more than a design pattern or two thrown togehter so that's why you're not finding any giant, canonical works of literature about it.
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Patrick HughesFeb 21 '12 at 19:07