A Copyright Lawsuit Over Dinosaur Bones

from the public-domain? dept

TheOldFart alerts us to this bizarre case of a copyright lawsuit over dinosaur bones. Apparently, a research institute, The Black Hills Institute of Geological Research, claims that it made a casting of some famous T-Rex bones (the actual bones are at the Field Museum in Chicago). It then copyrighted the casting. It's now suing Fort Peck Paleontology, to whom the Black Hills Institute says it lent the castings a few years ago -- never to receive them back. However, it's upset that Fort Peck is now selling replica bones based on the castings, and Black Hills says that these are "unauthorized" copies. Of course, I'm still trying to figure out how you can copyright the casting, seeing as the entire thing is based on the bone -- an artifact of nature.

Re: They had hit rock bottom

Re: Re: They had hit rock bottom

the horror!
think of it.... all these fossilized dinosaurs will be out of work if we dont do something about protecting their intellectual property rights... why the entire museum industry could be dragged down by this... imagine it, no one will be making any history anymore!!!

Prior art

You don't know the half of it...

Dig a little deeper into the entire story of Sue the T Rex and you would see that this is just par the course. As a teaser....How about an arrest and conviction because a large sum of money passed through an Indian reservation and the couriers didnt report to the gov't that they were taking a large sum of money out of the country lol

Dem Bones

Amazing

If this wasn't really happening, I'd say this is the greatest hypothetical for copyright lawyers.

It does sound absurd that anyone could copyright dinosaur bones. However, they are in the public domain, just like Mozart's music. Obviously, I could play any of Mozart's songs, record it, and copyright my recording. Though I don't get to own Mozart's song (anyone else could record the same song) I do get to stop people from using my particular version of it. Similarly, I could see copyright covering the dinosaur bone copies.

What's neat here is that it's not about copying the bones per se, but they've stolen the molds from which to make the bones! Are the molds useful articles (eg. they only to serve to create more bones) or are they art in themselves (eg. think photo negatives). If they're useful, no copyright; if art, then copyright.

There's also the Visual Artists Rights Act (VARA, 17 usc 106A), which is as close to moral rights that US law gets. There are a few cases under that act that specifically address the issue of molds used to create sculpture, which say that molds can be covered because they can be considered art in and of themselves.

Re: Amazing

Your new recording of MOzart's work will contain some original expression (your playing, recording, editing, mixing, etc.), but what is the original expression contributed to the molds? I assume they are intended to be faithful reproductions.

The title is misleading, because there is no copyright issue on the bones themselves.

Creating the castings, which are expensive to do properly and is a unique work is an issue. They are unique to the people who made them, because another casting would not be exactly the same (even taken from exactly the same bones, as it is not a 100% exact copy).

They are not claiming copyright on the bones, they are claiming rights to what is made (without permission) with the castings they created, which would appear to be very much in their rights.

Trying to make it sound like someone is trying to copyright million year old bones is amusing, but highly misleading.

That sounds like a recipe for disaster for the plaintiff. Either they admit that their bone castings contain no original expression, and are therefore not protected by copyright, or they admit that their bone castings don't accurately capture the bones they found, and risk loss of reputation in their market (I assume their customers want accurate bone castings).

Creative Boning

Making a cast of a 3-D object is as creative as making a 2-D photo of a view. Eactly how much creativity goes into one VS he other - well, this is where lawyers get rich. A photographer can use composition, lighting, f-stop, POV and angle, contrast, etc. and be creative; but a total lack of any consideration of any such factors in a random snapshot is still a copyright expression. Is a security cam footage - set it up and let it tape a public view for a decade - still copyright? We have printed material - like phone books - where the material also cannot be copyright. Like a photographer, they could argue that the precise selection of the rare item(s) to be rendered/cast is the artistic input.

Misinformation

Whoever posted this article needs to dig deeper into the facts. BHI initially sued FPPI for incorporating portions of "STAN T. rex" into their casting of "Peck's Rex". The parts of STAN were loaned to FPPI with a contract stating that the casts were to be used for reference only and copies may not be made. Copies of the STAN material were made and incorporated into casts of Peck's Rex which were sold, this not only violates copyright but is a violation of the specimen loan agreement as well. As for the SUE material: BHI collected and was able to partially prepare SUE. While BHI was preparing SUE, molds and casts were made (BHI owned the fossil at the time). Nature cannot be copyrighted, but sculpture can be. Fossil preparation includes sculpting the matrix away from the bone (this requires skilled hands to not damage the bone), rebuilding the bones (sometimes a single bone is scattered over several square feet, all the pieces must be collected), filling cracks in the bone (without this, another form of sculpture, the bones would fall apart, their stabalization is also copyrightable), sculpting missing portions (nearly every fossil has sculpted parts, or is composited from multiple specimens. Even this compositing is copyrightable). BHI holds copyrights to the preparation of all portions of SUE's fossils that were prepared by BHI staff. This is what allows BHI to continue to cast and sell certain SUE elements, such as the right arm. This lawsuit is to recoup losses from FPPI's sale of Peck's rex which resulted in a loss of sales for BHI. And to make a mold from a cast you are also violating the molder's copyright as molding takes a certain degree of skill to produce a good cast. Research next time!

Stone skulls and the Italian ministry

Hardly unprecedented. The Italian Ministry of culture sued a company (Stoneage S.r.l.) for producing a *drawing* of a half-hidden skull fossil. It took the supreme court to reject such a bizarre claim: Cass. civ. Sez. VI - 1 Ordinanza, 23-04-2013, n. 9757 (rv. 626365), based on the sad state of pseudo-copyright laws on cultural heritage in Italy: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Italian_cultural_heritage_on_the_Wikimedia_projects