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The American Midland Naturalist
has been published for 90 years by the
University of Notre Dame. The connotations
of Midland and Naturalist have broadened and
its geographic coverage now includes North
America with occasional articles from other
continents. The old image of naturalist has
changed and the journal publishes what Charles
Elton aptly termed "scientific natural history"
including field and experimental biology. Its
significance and breadth of coverage are
evident in that the American Midland
Naturalist is among the most frequently
cited journals in publications on ecology,
mammalogy, herpetology, ornithology, ichthyology,
parasitology, aquatic and invertebrate biology
and other biological disciplines.

The "moving wall" represents the time period between the last issue
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Terms Related to the Moving Wall

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Complete: Journals that are no longer published or that have been
combined with another title.

Abstract

Observations were made in the San Antonio and San Marcos rivers of central Texas on mated pairs of Texas Cichlids (Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum) both before and following fertilization. Monogamy was the only mating system observed with pair formation occurring prior to territory establishment. Following fertilization the parental behaviors of both members of the mated pair were observed through all three stages of offspring development (eggs, wrigglers and fry). During the egg stage the male and female alternated in the performance of major parental responsibilities. Although male and female parental behaviors were qualitatively similar, quantitative sex differences were evident. The male spent more time patrolling the territory and the female spent more time in close proximity to and attending to the offspring. These quantitative differences, as well as the alternation of behaviors, diminished in the wriggler stage and largely disappeared by the fry stage. Somewhat paradoxically, at all stages of offspring development the female chased conspecific intruders more often and with faster chases.