Lock on dl_interate_phdr
There is possibility of someone dlclosing a library
while dl_iterate_phdr in progress which can lead to
dl_iterate_phdr calling callback with invalid address
if it was unmapped by dlclose.
Bug: http://b/22047255
Change-Id: I3fc0d9fd2c51fb36fd34cb035f37271fa893a7be
(cherry picked from commit f7d5bf334dc4bc5b7399d4c8268e1b0bf676548f)

Working on bionic

What are the big pieces of bionic?

libc/ --- libc.so, libc.a

libm/ --- libm.so, libm.a

The math library. Traditionally Unix systems kept stuff like sin(3) and cos(3) in a separate library to save space in the days before shared libraries.

libdl/ --- libdl.so

The dynamic linker interface library. This is actually just a bunch of stubs that the dynamic linker replaces with pointers to its own implementation at runtime. This is where stuff like dlopen(3) lives.

libstdc++/ --- libstdc++.so

The C++ ABI support functions. The C++ compiler doesn't know how to implement thread-safe static initialization and the like, so it just calls functions that are supplied by the system. Stuff like __cxa_guard_acquire and __cxa_pure_virtual live here.

linker/ --- /system/bin/linker and /system/bin/linker64

The dynamic linker. When you run a dynamically-linked executable, its ELF file has a DT_INTERP entry that says “use the following program to start me”. On Android, that‘s either linker or linker64 (depending on whether it’s a 32-bit or 64-bit executable). It's responsible for loading the ELF executable into memory and resolving references to symbols (so that when your code tries to jump to fopen(3), say, it lands in the right place).

tests/ --- unit tests

benchmarks/ --- benchmarks

What's in libc/?

Adding system calls

Adding a system call usually involves:

Add entries to SYSCALLS.TXT. See SYSCALLS.TXT itself for documentation on the format.

Run the gensyscalls.py script.

Add constants (and perhaps types) to the appropriate header file. Note that you should check to see whether the constants are already in kernel uapi header files, in which case you just need to make sure that the appropriate POSIX header file in libc/include/ includes the relevant file or files.

Add function declarations to the appropriate header file.

Add at least basic tests. Even a test that deliberately supplies an invalid argument helps check that we're generating the right symbol and have the right declaration in the header file. (And strace(1) can confirm that the correct system call is being made.)

Updating kernel header files

As mentioned above, this is currently a two-step process:

Use generate_uapi_headers.sh to go from a Linux source tree to appropriate contents for external/kernel-headers/.

Run update_all.py to scrub those headers and import them into bionic.

Updating tzdata

This is fully automated:

Run update-tzdata.py.

Verifying changes

If you make a change that is likely to have a wide effect on the tree (such as a libc header change), you should run make checkbuild. A regular make will not build the entire tree; just the minimum number of projects that are required for the device. Tests, additional developer tools, and various other modules will not be built. Note that make checkbuild will not be complete either, as make tests covers a few additional modules, but generally speaking make checkbuild is enough.

Host tests

Against glibc

As a way to check that our tests do in fact test the correct behavior (and not just the behavior we think is correct), it is possible to run the tests against the host's glibc. The executables are already in your path.

$ mma
$ bionic-unit-tests-glibc32
$ bionic-unit-tests-glibc64

Gathering test coverage

For either host or target coverage, you must first:

$ export NATIVE_COVERAGE=true

Note that the build system is ignorant to this flag being toggled, i.e. if you change this flag, you will have to manually rebuild bionic.

LP32 ABI bugs

off_t is 32-bit. There is off64_t, but no _FILE_OFFSET_BITS support. Many of the off64_t functions are missing in older releases, and stdio uses 32-bit offsets, so there's no way to fully implement _FILE_OFFSET_BITS.

sigset_t is too small on ARM and x86 (but correct on MIPS), so support for real-time signals is broken. http://b/5828899