KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION

Knowledge Representation(KR) research involves analysis of how to accurately and effectively reason and how best to use a set of symbols to represent a set of facts within a knowledge domain. A symbol vocabulary and a system of logic are combined toenableinferences about elements in the KR to create new KR sentences.

Logic is used to supplyformalsemantics of how reasoning functions should be applied to the symbols in the KR system. Logic is also used to define how operators can process and reshape the knowledge. Examples of operators and operations includenegation, conjunction, adverbs, adjectives, quantifiers and modal operators. Interpretation theory is this logic.

A good KR must be both declarative and procedural knowledge. What is knowledge representation can best be understood in terms of five distinct roles it plays, each crucial to the task at hand:

§ A knowledge representation(KR) is most fundamentally a surrogate, a substitute for the thing itself, used to enable an entity to determine consequences by thinking rather than acting, i.e., by reasoning about the world rather than taking action in it.

§ It is a set of ontological commitments,i.e., an answer to the question: In what terms should I think about the world?

§ It is a fragmentary theory of intelligent reasoning, expressed in terms of three components:

§ It is a medium for pragmatically efficient computation, i.e., the computational environment in which thinking is accomplished. One contribution to this pragmatic efficiency is supplied by the guidance a representation provides for organizing information so as to facilitate making the recommended inferences.

§ It is a medium of human expression, i.e., a language in which we say things about the world."

Characteristics Of Knowledge Representation

§ Coverage, which means the KR covers a breath and depth of information. Without a wide coverage, the KR cannot determine anything or resolve ambiguities.

§ Understandable by humans. KR is viewed as a natural language, so the logic should flow freely. It should support modularity and hierarchies of classes (Polar bears are bears, which are animals). It should also have simple primitives that combine in complex forms.

§ Consistency. If John closed the door, it can also be interpreted as the door was closed by John. By being consistent, the KR can eliminate redundant or conflicting knowledge.

§ Efficient

§ Easiness for modifying and updating.

§ Supports the intelligent activity which uses the knowledge base

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