These are under lab conditions though, and they might be better in real life

What are the major cues to deception?

Gaze aversion is the most frequent

Speech disturbance such as pausing and stuttering (also common signs of nervousness though so could just be a nervous innocent person)

Liars aren't more nervous than truth tellers

The most effective human lie detectors are the ones who hold the least stereotypical views on lie detection (Mann et al, 2004)

What traits do liars show in Linguistic enquiry and word count?

Fewer first person pronouns (to dodge blame and distance themselves)

More angry, hostile and sad words due to guilt

This method is about 60% accurate in non forensic settings

Verbal leakage, things such as accidentally referring to a missing person in the past tense

Define: Alibi

Adefence that places the defendant at the relevant time of the crime in a different place than the scene involved and so removed therefrom as to render it impossible for one to be the guilty party” (Nolan, 1990, p. 71).

Ideally corroborated by another person and physical evidence

What makes a good alibi?

Person or Physical

Physical is much more effective and harder to fake (security feeds etc)

People are not always believable, however the average person does not appear to doubt whether they were mistaken in seeing the suspect or not (Olson & Wells, 2004)

People are much more likely to lie than hard evidence, however

What is the PEACE model?

Clarke & Milne (2001)

Plan and prepare

Engage and explain

Account, clarify and challenge

Close

Evaluate

What happens in the planning phase of the peace model?

Prepare a plan

Familiarise yourself with the case file

Know the characteristics of the interviewee that could come in handy during the interview

Consider the questions you want to ask

What happens in the engage and explain phase of the peace model?

Introduce yourself and inform the suspect of the allegations

Tell them their rights

Outline how the interview is going to go down

Build up a rapport with the suspect

What happens in the account, clarify and challenge phase of the peace model?

Let the suspect give a full explanation from their point of view without interruptions

Probe the account

Challenge and clarify any inconsistencies

What happens in the closure phase of the peace model?

Sum up their side of the story

Respond to any remaining questions

Inform the suspect of the next steps

Exchange contact info

What happens in the evaluation phase of the peace model?

Evaluate the information you have received

Critically reflect on your own performance by watching tapes of the interview

Seek feedback from others

PEACE or REID?

PEACE emphasises and enforces ethical practice and is not based on detecting deception

No coercion and is confession orientated

70% of interviewers well trained in PEACE got at least a comprehensive account of events with 20% getting full confessions (Bull, 2010) upon review of 142 interviews