Note: Javascript is disabled or is not supported by your browser. For this reason, some items on this page will be unavailable. For more information about this message, please visit this page: About CDC.gov.

June 1996

NIOSH Update:

NOTE: This page is archived for historical purposes and is no longer being maintained or updated.

Contact: Fred Blosser (202) 260-8519

Employers, educators, parents, and others can take simple, practical steps to
protect working adolescents and children from job-related injuries and
illnesses.

Occupational injuries and illnesses among working adolescents and children under 18 years
of
age are pervasive but preventable, according to a new study by the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The study examined data from 1993 and estimated
that, as a conservative figure, working youths sustained 21,620 injuries and illnesses serious
enough to result in one or more lost work days.

NIOSH found that work-related disorders occurred more frequently among 16 and 17 year
olds than any other child age group, most often by mob category among young workers in food
preparation and service occupations, and most often by workplace category in eating and
drinking
establishments. Sprains and strains, cuts and lacerations, contusions and abrasions, heat burns,
and fractures and dislocations were the most common types of injuries and illness.

"Especially at this time of year, as the school season ends and summer employment begins, it
is important to recognize that young people can be hurt on the job, often seriously, "said NIOSH
Director Linda Rosenstock, M.D., M.P.H. "But with the right precautions, we all can help ensure
that work is productive and rewarding -- not risky -- for youthful employees."

The study, based on NIOSH analysis of data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, found that work-related injuries most commonly
resulted from falls on the same level (such as falls to floors and falls onto and against objects),
followed by overexertion, striking against objects, contact with hot objects or substances, being
struck by falling objects, and being struck by a slipping hand-held object.

NIOSH noted that the data undercount injuries and illnesses in working youths and children
because the BLS survey does not include self-employed workers, farmers with fewer than 11
employees, private households, and government employees. Also, the data do not include
work-related deaths, or injuries and illnesses that do not result in lost work time.

The study noted NIOSH findings that an estimated 64,000 youths and children were treated
in emergency departments for work-related injuries in 1992, and that 67 youths and children died
from work injuries in 1994, according to BLS Data. A 1982 study using emergency department
data found that workers under 18 years of age had higher injury rates than adult workers.

The study, published in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and
Mortality weekly Report, said that employers, parents, educators, and others should be aware of
some simple precautions to protect young workers. For example:

Employers should know and comply with child labor laws, and those laws also should
be familiar to school guidance counselors and physicians who sign work permits for children.
Although federal child labor laws prohibit employment of 14 and 15 year olds in cooking and
baking, one-third of the injured and ill 14 and 15 year olds in the study were identified as
cooks.

Employers should observe routine precautions that are applicable to all workers (such as
providing appropriate shoes for preventing slips and falls, a frequent cause of injury) as well as
taking additional precautions specific to young workers (such as limiting weights they may be
required to lift).

Employers should provide training that recognizes the relative inexperience of young
workers, and accounts for differences in maturity and developmental level that affect young
people's learning styles, judgment, and behavior.

NIOSH Activities Impacting
Young Workers

NIOSH has conducted some of the first national studies of fatal and nonfatal injuries among
adolescent workers and has distributed these findings to young workers, educators, parents and
employers. Earlier this month, a document containing practical recommendations for preventing
work-related injuries among adolescents was sent to every high school principal in the U.S. In
turn, several of these school administrators have disseminated the summary to students and their
families in innovative ways in time for the busy summer employment season.

Through the NIOSH Child Labor Working Team, the agency has taken a leadership role in
bringing together experts from the Department of Labor, Department of Education, State Labor
and Health Departments, and private organizations to address the critical issues of workplace
safety and health among our nations's working youth.

NIOSH is supporting community-based demonstration projects in Massachusetts and
California to develop and test innovative, effective materials and methods that can be used by
community members to inform young people and adults about workplace hazards, and promote
safe and healthful working experiences for adolescents. A how-to guide for communities will be
developed through these projects.

NIOSH is updating a resource guide for vocational teaches and administrators on workplace
safety and health, taking into account changes that have occurred in the workplace since the last
edition and adding new information on effective strategies to prevent injuries and illnesses. The
ultimate goal is to provide vocational students with knowledge about recognizing and correcting
hazards and working safely.

For more information on workplace safety and health issues or to request copies of "Work
Injuries and Illnesses Associated With Child Labor-United States, 1993," or the NIOSH Alert,
"Preventing Deaths and Injuries of Adolescent Workers" (Publication No. 95-125) call:
1-800-35-NIOSH