23 U.S. Code § 101 - Definitions and declaration of policy

(1) Apportionment.— The term “apportionment” includes unexpended apportionments made under prior authorization laws.

(2) Asset management.— The term “asset management” means a strategic and systematic process of operating, maintaining, and improving physical assets, with a focus on both engineering and economic analysis based upon quality information, to identify a structured sequence of maintenance, preservation, repair, rehabilitation, and replacement actions that will achieve and sustain a desired state of good repair over the lifecycle of the assets at minimum practicable cost.

(3) Carpool project.— The term “carpool project” means any project to encourage the use of carpools and vanpools, including provision of carpooling opportunities to the elderly and individuals with disabilities, systems for locating potential riders and informing them of carpool opportunities, acquiring vehicles for carpool use, designating existing highway lanes as preferential carpool highway lanes, providing related traffic control devices, designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools, and real-time ridesharing projects, such as projects where drivers, using an electronic transfer of funds, recover costs directly associated with the trip provided through the use of location technology to quantify those direct costs, subject to the condition that the cost recovered does not exceed the cost of the trip provided.

(4) Construction.— The term “construction” means the supervising, inspecting, actual building, and incurrence of all costs incidental to the construction or reconstruction of a highway or any project eligible for assistance under this title, including bond costs and other costs relating to the issuance in accordance with section 122 of bonds or other debt financing instruments and costs incurred by the State in performing Federal-aid project related audits that directly benefit the Federal-aid highway program. Such term includes—

(A)preliminary engineering, engineering, and design-related services directly relating to the construction of a highway project, including engineering, design, project development and management, construction project management and inspection, surveying, mapping (including the establishment of temporary and permanent geodetic control in accordance with specifications of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), and architectural-related services;

(G)improvements that directly facilitate and control traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and passenger loading and unloading areas; and

(5) County.— The term “county” includes corresponding units of government under any other name in States that do not have county organizations and, in those States in which the county government does not have jurisdiction over highways, any local government unit vested with jurisdiction over local highways.

(6) Federal-aid highway.— The term “Federal-aid highway” means a public highway eligible for assistance under this chapter other than a highway functionally classified as a local road or rural minor collector.

(7) Federal lands access transportation facility.— The term “Federal Lands access transportation facility” means a public highway, road, bridge, trail, or transit system that is located on, is adjacent to, or provides access to Federal lands for which title or maintenance responsibility is vested in a State, county, town, township, tribal, municipal, or local government.

(8) Federal lands transportation facility.— The term “Federal lands transportation facility” means a public highway, road, bridge, trail, or transit system that is located on, is adjacent to, or provides access to Federal lands for which title and maintenance responsibility is vested in the Federal Government, and that appears on the national Federal lands transportation facility inventory described in section
203(c).

(9) Forest development roads and trails.— The term “forest development roads and trails” means forest roads and trails under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service.

(10) Forest road or trail.— The term “forest road or trail” means a road or trail wholly or partly within, or adjacent to, and serving the National Forest System that is necessary for the protection, administration, and utilization of the National Forest System and the use and development of its resources.

(11) Highway.— The term “highway” includes—

(A)a road, street, and parkway;

(B)a right-of-way, bridge, railroad-highway crossing, tunnel, drainage structure including public roads on dams, sign, guardrail, and protective structure, in connection with a highway; and

(C)a portion of any interstate or international bridge or tunnel and the approaches thereto, the cost of which is assumed by a State transportation department, including such facilities as may be required by the United States Customs and Immigration Services in connection with the operation of an international bridge or tunnel.

(12) Interstate System.— The term “Interstate System” means the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways described in section
103(c).

(13) Maintenance.— The term “maintenance” means the preservation of the entire highway, including surface, shoulders, roadsides, structures, and such traffic-control devices as are necessary for safe and efficient utilization of the highway.

(14) Maintenance area.— The term “maintenance area” means an area that was designated as an air quality nonattainment area, but was later redesignated by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency as an air quality attainment area, under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)).

(15) National Highway System.— The term “National Highway System” means the Federal-aid highway system described in section
103(b).

(16) Operating costs for traffic monitoring, management, and control.— The term “operating costs for traffic monitoring, management, and control” includes labor costs, administrative costs, costs of utilities and rent, and other costs associated with the continuous operation of traffic control, such as integrated traffic control systems, incident management programs, and traffic control centers.

(ii) such other capital improvements to public roads as the Secretary may designate, by regulation; and

(B)does not include resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating improvements, construction of additional lanes, interchanges, and grade separations, and construction of a new facility on a new location.

(18) Project.— The term “project” means any undertaking eligible for assistance under this title.

(19) Project agreement.— The term “project agreement” means the formal instrument to be executed by the Secretary and the recipient as required by section
106.

(20) Public authority.— The term “public authority” means a Federal, State, county, town, or township, Indian tribe, municipal or other local government or instrumentality with authority to finance, build, operate, or maintain toll or toll-free facilities.

(21) Public road.— The term “public road” means any road or street under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public authority and open to public travel.

(22) Rural areas.— The term “rural areas” means all areas of a State not included in urban areas.

(23) Safety improvement project.— The term “safety improvement project” means a strategy, activity, or project on a public road that is consistent with the State strategic highway safety plan and corrects or improves a roadway feature that constitutes a hazard to road users or addresses a highway safety problem.

(24) Secretary.— The term “Secretary” means Secretary of Transportation.

(25) State.— The term “State” means any of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico.

(26) State funds.— The term “State funds” includes funds raised under the authority of the State or any political or other subdivision thereof, and made available for expenditure under the direct control of the State transportation department.

(27) State strategic highway safety plan.— The term “State strategic highway safety plan” has the same meaning given such term in section
148(a).

(28) State transportation department.— The term “State transportation department” means that department, commission, board, or official of any State charged by its laws with the responsibility for highway construction.

(29) Transportation alternatives.— The term “transportation alternatives” means any of the following activities when carried out as part of any program or project authorized or funded under this title, or as an independent program or project related to surface transportation:

(A)Construction, planning, and design of on-road and off-road trail facilities for pedestrians, bicyclists, and other nonmotorized forms of transportation, including sidewalks, bicycle infrastructure, pedestrian and bicycle signals, traffic calming techniques, lighting and other safety-related infrastructure, and transportation projects to achieve compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.).

(B)Construction, planning, and design of infrastructure-related projects and systems that will provide safe routes for non-drivers, including children, older adults, and individuals with disabilities to access daily needs.

(C)Conversion and use of abandoned railroad corridors for trails for pedestrians, bicyclists, or other nonmotorized transportation users.

(i)address stormwater management, control, and water pollution prevention or abatement related to highway construction or due to highway runoff, including activities described in sections
133(b)(11),
328(a), and
329; or

(ii)reduce vehicle-caused wildlife mortality or to restore and maintain connectivity among terrestrial or aquatic habitats.

(30) Transportation systems management and operations.—

(A) In general.— The term “transportation systems management and operations” means integrated strategies to optimize the performance of existing infrastructure through the implementation of multimodal and intermodal, cross-jurisdictional systems, services, and projects designed to preserve capacity and improve security, safety, and reliability of the transportation system.

(B) Inclusions.— The term “transportation systems management and operations” includes—

(31) Tribal transportation facility.— The term “tribal transportation facility” means a public highway, road, bridge, trail, or transit system that is located on or provides access to tribal land and appears on the national tribal transportation facility inventory described in section
202(b)(1).

(32) Truck stop electrification system.— The term “truck stop electrification system” means a system that delivers heat, air conditioning, electricity, or communications to a heavy-duty vehicle.

(33) Urban area.— The term “urban area” means an urbanized area or, in the case of an urbanized area encompassing more than one State, that part of the urbanized area in each such State, or urban place as designated by the Bureau of the Census having a population of 5,000 or more and not within any urbanized area, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. Such boundaries shall encompass, at a minimum, the entire urban place designated by the Bureau of the Census, except in the case of cities in the State of Maine and in the State of New Hampshire.

(34) Urbanized area.— The term “urbanized area” means an area with a population of 50,000 or more designated by the Bureau of the Census, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. Such boundaries shall encompass, at a minimum, the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census.

(b) Declaration of Policy.—

(1) Acceleration of construction of federal-aid highway systems.— Congress declares that it is in the national interest to accelerate the construction of Federal-aid highway systems, including the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense,[1] because many of the highways (or portions of the highways) are inadequate to meet the needs of local and interstate commerce for the national and civil defense.

(2) Completion of interstate system.— Congress declares that the prompt and early completion of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (referred to in this section as the “Interstate System”), so named because of its primary importance to the national defense, is essential to the national interest. It is the intent of Congress that the Interstate System be completed as nearly as practicable over the period of availability of the forty years’ appropriations authorized for the purpose of expediting its construction, reconstruction, or improvement, inclusive of necessary tunnels and bridges, through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996, under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (70 Stat. 374), and that the entire system in all States be brought to simultaneous completion. Insofar as possible in consonance with this objective, existing highways located on an interstate route shall be used to the extent that such use is practicable, suitable, and feasible, it being the intent that local needs, to the extent practicable, suitable, and feasible, shall be given equal consideration with the needs of interstate commerce.

(3) Transportation needs of 21st century.— Congress declares that—

(A)it is in the national interest to preserve and enhance the surface transportation system to meet the needs of the United States for the 21st Century;

(B)the current urban and long distance personal travel and freight movement demands have surpassed the original forecasts and travel demand patterns are expected to continue to change;

(C)continued planning for and investment in surface transportation is critical to ensure the surface transportation system adequately meets the changing travel demands of the future;

(D)among the foremost needs that the surface transportation system must meet to provide for a strong and vigorous national economy are safe, efficient, and reliable—

(ii)flow of interstate and international commerce and freight transportation; and

(iii)travel movements essential for national security;

(E)special emphasis should be devoted to providing safe and efficient access for the type and size of commercial and military vehicles that access designated National Highway System intermodal freight terminals;

(F)the connection between land use and infrastructure is significant;

(G)transportation should play a significant role in promoting economic growth, improving the environment, and sustaining the quality of life; and

(H)the Secretary should take appropriate actions to preserve and enhance the Interstate System to meet the needs of the 21st Century.

(4) Expedited project delivery.—

(A) In general.— Congress declares that it is in the national interest to expedite the delivery of surface transportation projects by substantially reducing the average length of the environmental review process.

(B) Policy of the united states.— Accordingly, it is the policy of the United States that—

(i)the Secretary shall have the lead role among Federal agencies in carrying out the environmental review process for surface transportation projects;

(iii)project sponsors shall not be prohibited from carrying out preconstruction project development activities concurrently with the environmental review process;

(iv)programmatic approaches shall be used to reduce the need for project-by-project reviews and decisions by Federal agencies; and

(v)the Secretary shall identify opportunities for project sponsors to assume responsibilities of the Secretary where such responsibilities can be assumed in a manner that protects public health, the environment, and public participation.

(c)It is the sense of Congress that under existing law no part of any sums authorized to be appropriated for expenditure upon any Federal-aid highway which has been apportioned pursuant to the provisions of this title shall be impounded or withheld from obligation, for purposes and projects as provided in this title, by any officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government, except such specific sums as may be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, are necessary to be withheld from obligation for specific periods of time to assure that sufficient amounts will be available in the Highway Trust Fund to defray the expenditures which will be required to be made from such fund.

(d)No funds authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund shall be expended by or on behalf of any Federal department, agency, or instrumentality other than the Federal Highway Administration unless funds for such expenditure are identified and included as a line item in an appropriation Act and are to meet obligations of the United States heretofore or hereafter incurred under this title attributable to the construction of Federal-aid highways or highway planning, research, or development, or as otherwise specifically authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund by Federal-aid highway legislation.

(e)It is the national policy that to the maximum extent possible the procedures to be utilized by the Secretary and all other affected heads of Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities for carrying out this title and any other provision of law relating to the Federal highway programs shall encourage the substantial minimization of paperwork and interagency decision procedures and the best use of available manpower and funds so as to prevent needless duplication and unnecessary delays at all levels of government.

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. subsec. (a)(29)(A), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§ 12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section
12101 of Title
42 and Tables.

Section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (70 Stat. 374), referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is section 108(b) of act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, 70 Stat. 378, which is set out below.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–141, §§ 1103(a)(2),
1501, redesignated par. (2) as (3) and substituted “designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools, and real-time ridesharing projects, such as projects where drivers, using an electronic transfer of funds, recover costs directly associated with the trip provided through the use of location technology to quantify those direct costs, subject to the condition that the cost recovered does not exceed the cost of the trip provided” for “and designating existing facilities for use for preferential parking for carpools”. Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(4)(B), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “locating, surveying, and mapping (including the establishment of temporary and permanent geodetic markers in accordance with specifications of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the Department of Commerce);”.

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (8) as (9) and struck out former par. (9). Prior to amendment, text of par. (9) read as follows: “The term ‘forest highway’ means a forest road under the jurisdiction of, and maintained by, a public authority and open to public travel.”

Subsec. (a)(18). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(2), (9), redesignated par. (21) as (18) and substituted “any undertaking” for “an undertaking to construct a particular portion of a highway, or if the context so implies, the particular portion of a highway so constructed or any other undertaking”. Former par. (18) redesignated (17).

Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), struck out par. (19). Text read as follows: “The term ‘park road’ means a public road, including a bridge built primarily for pedestrian use, but with capacity for use by emergency vehicles, that is located within, or provides access to, an area in the National Park System with title and maintenance responsibilities vested in the United States.”

Subsec. (a)(20). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (23) as (20) and struck out former par. (20). Prior to amendment, text of par. (20) read as follows: “The term ‘parkway’, as used in chapter
2 of this title, means a parkway authorized by Act of Congress on lands to which title is vested in the United States.”

Subsec. (a)(24). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (31) as (24) and struck out former par. (24). Prior to amendment, text of par. (24) read as follows: “The term ‘public lands development roads and trails’ means those roads and trails that the Secretary of the Interior determines are of primary importance for the development, protection, administration, and utilization of public lands and resources under the control of the Secretary of the Interior.”

Subsec. (a)(28). Pub. L. 112–141, § 1103(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (34) as (28) and struck out former par. (28). Prior to amendment, text of par. (28) read as follows: “The term ‘refuge road’ means a public road that provides access to or within a unit of the National Wildlife Refuge System and for which title and maintenance responsibility is vested in the United States Government.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, § 1909(a), inserted subsec. heading, substituted heading and text of par. (1) for first undesignated par. relating to declaration that it was in the national interest to accelerate the construction of the Federal-aid highway systems, designated second undesignated par. as par. (2), inserted heading, and substituted “Congress declares that the prompt and early completion of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (referred to in this section as the ‘Interstate System’), so named because of its primary importance to the national defense, is essential to the national interest” for “It is hereby declared that the prompt and early completion of The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways, so named because of its primary importance to the national defense and hereafter referred to as the ‘Interstate System’, is essential to the national interest and is one of the most important objectives of this Act”, and substituted heading and text of par. (3) for third undesignated par. relating to the national policy that increased emphasis be placed on the construction and reconstruction of the other Federal-aid systems.

1995—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–59, § 311(b), in first sentence of definition of “construction”, inserted “bond costs and other costs relating to the issuance in accordance with section 122 of bonds or other debt financing instruments,” after “highway, including”.

Pub. L. 104–59, § 301(b)(1), in definition of “project”, inserted before period at end “or any other undertaking eligible for assistance under this title”.

1991—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, § 1006(g)(1), added provision defining “Federal-aid highways” and struck out former provision which read as follows: “The term ‘Federal-aid highways’ means highways located on one of the Federal-aid systems described in section
103 of this title.”

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(d)(3), in definition of “Indian reservation roads”, struck out “, including roads on the Federal-aid systems,” after “public roads”.

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(d)(4), in definition of “park road”, inserted “, including a bridge built primarily for pedestrian use, but with capacity for use by emergency vehicles” before “that is located”.

Pub. L. 102–240, § 1005(b), inserted provision defining “urbanized area” and struck out former provision which read as follows: “The term ‘urbanized area’ means an area so designated by the Bureau of the Census, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. Such boundaries shall, as a minimum, encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census.”

Pub. L. 100–17, § 133(b)(3), amended definition of “park road” generally. Prior to amendment, definition read as follows: “The term ‘park road’ means a public road that is located within or provides access to an area in the national park system.”

1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424, § 126(c)(1), substituted provision that “park road” means a public road that is located within or provides access to an area in the national park system, for provision that “park roads and trails” means those roads or trails, including the necessary bridges, located in national parks or monuments, now or hereafter established, or in other areas administered by the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior (excluding parkways authorized by Acts of Congress) and also including approach roads to national parks or monuments authorized by the Act of January 31, 1931 (46 Stat. 1053), as amended.

Pub. L. 97–424, § 159, in definition of “construction”, inserted provision that it also includes costs incurred by the State in performing Federal-aid project related audits which directly benefit the Federal-aid highway program.

Pub. L. 95–599, § 106(b)(1), in definition of “forest road or trail”, inserted provisions requiring contingency or service to the National Forest System and necessity for the protection, administration, and utilization thereof.

Pub. L. 95–599, § 106(b)(2), defined “forest development roads or trails” in terms of a forest road or trail under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service rather than in terms of a forest road or trail of primary importance for the protection, administration, and utilization of the national forest or other areas under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service.

Pub. L. 95–599, § 106(b)(3), defined “forest highway” in terms of a forest road under the jurisdiction of, and maintained by, a public authority and open to public travel rather than in terms of a forest road which is of primary importance to the States, counties, or communities contingent to national forests and which is a Federal-aid system.

1976—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–280, § 108, defined “construction” to include resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation and “urban area” to exclude cities in the States of Maine and New Hampshire and inserted definition of “public road”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280, § 107(a), substituted provision for completion of the Interstate System over a thirty-four year period, through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, for a prior provision for such completion over a twenty-three period, through the fiscal year ending June 30, 1979.

1975—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–643defined “Indian reservation roads and bridges” to include roads and bridges on the Federal-aid systems.

1973—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87, § 105(1), in definition of “construction”, substituted “National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration” for “Coast and Geodetic Survey” and extended definition to include improvements which directly facilitate and control traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and passenger loading and unloading areas.

Pub. L. 93–87, § 105(3), in definition of “Indian reservation roads and bridges”, substituted “approval of the Federal Government, or Indian and Alaska Native villages, groups, or communities in which Indians and Alaskan Natives reside, whom the Secretary of the Interior has determined are eligible for services generally available to Indians under Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians” for “approval of the Federal Government on which Indians reside whom the Secretary of the Interior has determined to be eligible for services generally available to Indians under Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians”.

Pub. L. 93–87, § 105(4), in definition of “urbanized area”, provided for boundaries of the “urbanized area” to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary, and required such boundaries, as a minimum, to encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census.

Pub. L. 93–87, § 105(2), in definition of “urban area”, substituted “an urbanized area or, in the case of an urbanized area encompassing more than one State, that part of the urbanized area in each such State, or an urban place as designated by the Bureau of the Census having a population of five thousand or more and not within any urbanized area, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary” for “an area including and adjacent to a municipality or other urban place having a population of five thousand or more, as determined by the latest available Federal census, within boundaries to be fixed by a State highway department subject to the approval of the Secretary”, and required such boundaries, as a minimum, to encompass the entire urban place designated by the Bureau of the Census.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87, §§ 106(a),
107, extended time for completion of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, substituting in second par. “twenty-three years” and “June 30, 1979” for “twenty years” and “June 30, 1976”, and inserted third par. declaratory of national policy, since the Interstate System is now in the final phase of completion, that increased emphasis be placed on the construction and reconstruction of the other Federal-aid systems in accordance with the first par. of subsec. (b), in order to bring all of the Federal-aid systems up to standards and to increase the safety of these systems to the maximum extent.

1970—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–605, §§ 106(a),
117(d),
130,
141, inserted definitions of “urbanized area” and “Federal-aid urban system”, substituted “subsection (e)” for “subsection (d)” in definition of “Interstate System”, included within the costs of construction, under the definition of “construction”, relocation assistance, acquisition of replacement housing sites, acquisition, and rehabilitation, relocation, and construction of replacement housing, and substituted “acquisition” for “costs” of rights-of-way, broadened definition of “Indian reservation roads and bridges” to include roads and bridges on State controlled Indian reservations, trust lands, and restricted Indian lands, a well as roads and bridges on such lands under Federal control, and inserted in definitions of “forest highway” and “public lands highways” provisions to ensure that these highways be on the Federal-aid systems.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–605, § 107, substituted “any officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government” for “any officer or employee of any department, agency, or instrumentality of the executive branch of the Federal Government” and “Highway Trust Fund” for “highway trust fund”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–605, § 107, substituted provisions prohibiting expenditure of funds from the Highway Trust Fund by any department other than the Federal Highway Administration unless these funds are identified and included as a line item in an appropriation Act and are to meet obligations incurred under this title attributable to the construction of Federal aid highways or for planning, research, or development, or as otherwise specifically authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund by Federal-aid highway legislation for provisions expressing essentially the same prohibitions but permitting expenditures to meet obligations incurred under this title attributable to Federal-aid highways, and contracted for in accordance with the Act of March 4, 1915, as amended [section
686 of Title
31, Money and Finance], relating to work or services not usually performed by the Federal Highway Administration, or relating to the furnishing of materials, supplies or equipment, and expenditures specifically identified in the budget and included in an appropriation Act.

1968—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–495, § 8, inserted “and other areas administered by the Forest Service” after “national forests” and “national forest” in definitions of “forest road or trail” and “forest development roads and trails”.

1960—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–624substituted “fifty States, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico” for “forty-nine States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico” in definition of “State”.

1959—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–70substituted “forty-nine States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii” for “forty-eight States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Alaska” in definition of “State”.

Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–141, § 3(a),July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 413, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided, divisions A, B, C (other than sections 32603(d), 32603(g), 32912, and 34002 of that division) and E [see Tables for classification], including the amendments made by those divisions, take effect on October 1, 2012.”

Pub. L. 112–141, § 3(b),July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 413, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided, any reference to the date of enactment of the MAP–21 or to the date of enactment of the Federal Public Transportation Act of 2012 in the divisions described in subsection (a) [set out above] or in an amendment made by those divisions [see Tables for classification] shall be deemed to be a reference to the effective date of those divisions [Oct. 1, 2012].”

“(a) In General.—Except as otherwise provided in this Act (including subsection (b)), this Act [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this Act take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [June 6, 2008].

“(b) Exception.—

“(1) In general.—The amendments made by this Act (other than the amendments made by sections
101(g),
101(m)(1)(H) [amending section
144 of this title, not Pub. L. 109–59], 103, 105, 109, and 201(o)) to the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (Public Law 109–59; 119 Stat. 1144) shall—

“(A) take effect as of the date of enactment of that Act [Aug. 10, 2005]; and

“(B) be treated as being included in that Act as of that date.

“(2) Effect of amendments.—Each provision of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (Public Law 109–59; 119 Stat. 1144) (including the amendments made by that Act) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [June 6, 2008]) that is amended by this Act (other than sections
101(g),
101(m)(1)(H),
103,
105,
109, and
201(o)) shall be treated as not being enacted.”

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, § 9016,July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 868, provided that: “This title [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this title shall take effect simultaneously with the enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178]. For purposes of all Federal laws, the amendments made by this title shall be treated as being included in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century at the time of the enactment of such Act [June 9, 1998], and the provisions of such Act (including the amendments made by such Act) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [July 22, 1998]) that are amended by this title shall be treated as not being enacted.”

Effective Date of 1991 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 ofPub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section
104 of this title.

Effective Date of 1970 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, § 147,Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1739, provided that: “The amendments made by section
117 [enacting section
510 of this title, amending this section, and renumbering sections
511 and
512 of this title], 120 [amending provisions set out as a note under section
502 of this title], and 137 of this Act [amending section
506 of this title] shall not take effect if before the effective date of this Act [Dec. 31, 1970] the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 has been enacted into law.” The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, enacted as Pub. L. 91–646, 84 Stat. 1894, was approved Jan. 2, 1971, whereas this Act (Title I of Pub. L. 91–605) was approved Dec. 31, 1970, therefore the amendments made by sections 117, 120, and 137 of Title I of Pub. L. 91–605took effect.

“(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, this Act and the amendments made by this Act [enacting sections
135,
139,
140,
141, and
501 to
511 of this title, amending this section, sections
103,
104,
108,
112,
113,
115,
116,
120,
125,
128,
129,
131,
135,
136,
138,
205,
319, and
402 of this title, section
636 of Title
15, Commerce and Trade, and section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, repealing section
133 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections
104,
108,
125,
134,
501,
502, and
510 of this title] shall take effect on the date of its enactment [Aug. 23, 1968], except that until July 1, 1970, sections
502,
505,
506,
507, and
508 of title
23, United States Code, as added by this Act, shall be applicable to a State only to the extent that such State is able under its laws to comply with such sections. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, after July 1, 1970, such sections shall be completely applicable to all States. Section
133 of title
23, United States Code, shall not apply to any State if sections
502,
505,
506,
507, and
508 of title
23, United States Code, are applicable in that State, and effective July 1, 1970, such section
133 is repealed.

“(b) In the case of any State (1) which is required to amend its constitution to comply with sections
502,
505,
506,
507, and
508 of title
23, United States Code, and (2) which cannot submit the required constitutional amendment for ratification prior to July 1, 1970, the date of July 1, 1970, contained in subsection (a) of this section shall be extended to July 1, 1972.”

Effective Date of 1959 Amendment

Pub. L. 86–70, § 21(e),June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 146, provided that the amendments made by that section (amending this section and sections
104,
116, and
120 of this title) are effective July 1, 1959.

Short Title of 2012 Amendment

Pub. L. 112–141, § 1(a),July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 405, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act’ or the ‘MAP–21’.”

Pub. L. 109–42, § 1,July 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 435, provided that: “This Act [amending section
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, and section
5338 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section
9503 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as a note under section
104 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part VI’.”

Pub. L. 109–40, § 1,July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 410, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163, and
188 of this title, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section
9503 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
104,
322, and
402 of this title, and sections
5307,
5309,
5310, and
5338 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part V’.”

Pub. L. 109–37, § 1,July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 394, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163, and
188 of this title, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section
9503 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
104,
322, and
402 of this title, and sections
5307,
5309,
5310, and
5338 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part IV’.”

Pub. L. 109–35, § 1,July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 379, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163, and
188 of this title, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section
9503 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
104,
322, and
402 of this title, and sections
5307,
5309,
5310, and
5338 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part III’.”

Pub. L. 109–20, § 1,July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 346, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163, and
188 of this title, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section
9503 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
104,
322, and
402 of this title, and sections
5307,
5309,
5310, and
5338 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 109–14, § 1,May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 324, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163, and
188 of this title, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
4481 to
4483,
9503, and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section
4481 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
104,
322, and
402 of this title, and sections
5307,
5309,
5310, and
5338 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005’.”

Short Title of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–310, § 1,Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1144, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163,
188, and
410 of this title, sections
900 and
901 of Title
2, The Congress, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section
104 of this title, section
9503 of Title
26, and section
5337 of Title
49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
104,
322, and
402 of this title, section
901 of Title
2, and sections
5307,
5309,
5310, and
5338 of Title
49, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section
9503 of Title
26] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part V’.”

Pub. L. 108–280, § 1,July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 876, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163, and
188 of this title, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section
9503 of Title
26, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
104,
322, and
402 of this title, and sections
5307,
5309,
5310, and
5338 of Title
49, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section
5337 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part IV’.”

Pub. L. 108–263, § 1,June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 698, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163, and
188 of this title, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section
9503 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
104,
322, and
402 of this title, and sections
5307,
5309,
5310,
5337, and
5338 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part III’.”

Pub. L. 108–224, § 1,Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 627, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163, and
188 of this title, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section
9503 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
104,
322, and
402 of this title, and sections
5307,
5309,
5310,
5337, and
5338 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 108–202, § 1,Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 478, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163, and
188 of this title, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section
9503 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
104,
322, and
402 of this title, and sections
5307,
5309,
5310,
5337, and
5338 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004’.”

Short Title of 2003 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–88, § 1,Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1110, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
144,
157,
163,
188, and
410 of this title, sections
900 and
901 of Title
2, The Congress, section
777c of Title
16, Conservation, sections
9503 and
9504 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, section
13106 of Title
46, Shipping, and sections
5307,
5309,
5337,
5338,
31104, and
31107 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section
104 of this title, section
9503 of Title
26, and section
5337 of Title
49, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
322 and
402 of this title, section
901 of Title
2, and sections
5309,
5310, and
5338 of Title
49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2003’.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1501,June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 241, provided that: “This chapter [chapter 1 (§§ 1501–1504) of subtitle E of title I of Pub. L. 105–178, enacting subchapter II of this chapter, amending section
301 of Title
49, Transportation, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section
181 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 1998’.”

Short Title of 1997 Amendment

Pub. L. 105–130, § 1,Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2552, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
104,
321,
326, and
410 of this title, sections
9503,
9504, and
9511 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections
111,
5309,
5337,
5338,
30308, and
31104 of Title
49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section
104 of this title and section
9503 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section
307 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 1997’.”

Pub. L. 97–327, § 1,Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611, provided: “That this Act [amending section
144 of this title, provisions set out as notes under this section and section
130 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section
104 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1982’.”

Short Title of 1981 Amendment

Pub. L. 97–134, § 13,Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1703, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
104,
119, and
139 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section
104 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981’.”

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 101,May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425, provided that: “This title [enacting section
156 of this title, amending this section and sections
103,
104,
106,
108,
117,
118,
121,
125,
127,
129,
131,
135,
138 to
140,
142,
147,
152,
153,
202,
203,
217,
219,
319, and
320 of this title, repealing sections
146 and
405 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
103,
104,
124,
134,
135,
215,
218,
319, and
320 of this title, and section 1605 of former Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
120,
130, and
142 of this title, and section 1605 of former Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976’.”

Short Title of 1974 Amendment

Pub. L. 93–643, § 1,Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2281, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections
141,
154,
155,
219, and
406, amending this section and sections
103,
115,
127,
129,
131,
136,
144,
208,
320,
322,
323, and
405, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections
142,
217, and
320, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections
130 and
142, and repealing provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974’.”

Pub. L. 90–495, § 1,Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections
135,
139,
140, and
141 of this title, amending this section, sections
103,
104,
108,
112,
113,
115,
116,
120,
125,
128,
129,
131,
135,
136,
138,
205,
319,
402, and
501 to
512 of this title, section
636 of Title
15, Commerce and Trade, section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as a note under this section, repealing section
133 of this title and enacting provisions formerly set out as notes under this section and sections
104,
108,
125,
134,
501,
502, and
510 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968’.”

Short Title of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–574, § 1,Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections
120 and
138 of this title, amending this section and sections
104,
109,
118,
120,
125,
131,
136,
302, and
319 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections
106,
108,
125,
133, and
137 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1966’.”

Short Title of 1965 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–285, § 403,Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1033, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections
136 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections
131 and
135 of this title and amending sections
131 and
319 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Highway Beautification Act of 1965’.”

Pub. L. 87–866, § 1,Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1145, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections
133,
134 and
214 of this title, amending this section and sections
103,
104,
203, and
307 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section
307 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962’.”

Short Title of 1961 Amendment

Pub. L. 87–61, title I, § 101,June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122, provided that: “This Act [enacting section
6156 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, amending sections
111,
131 and
210 of this title and sections
4041,
4061,
4071,
4081,
4218,
4221,
4226,
4481,
4482,
6412,
6416,
6421, and
6601 of Title
26, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section
104 of this title and under section
4041 of Title
26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section
120 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1961’.”

Pub. L. 86–342, title I, § 101,Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611, provided that: “This Act [amending sections
125,
131,
137, and
320 of this title, and sections
4041,
4081,
4082,
4226,
6412,
6416, and
6421 of Title
26, Internal Revenue Code, enacting notes set out under section
307 of this title and section
4082 of Title
26, and amending notes set out under this section and sections
104 and
120 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1959’.”

Separability

Pub. L. 90–495, § 36,Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 836, provided that: “If any provision of this Act (including the amendments made by this Act) [enacting sections
135,
139,
140,
141, and
501–511 of this title, amending this section, sections
103,
104,
108,
112,
113,
115,
116,
120,
125,
128,
129,
131,
135,
136,
138,
205,
319, and
402 of this title, section
636 of Title
15, Commerce and Trade, section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as a note under this section, repealing section
133 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections
104,
108,
125,
134,
501,
502, and
510 of this title] or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of this Act and the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.”

Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section
1551 of Title
8, Aliens and Nationality.

Transfer of Functions

Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of Commerce and other officers and offices of Department of Commerce under this title and under specific related laws and parts of laws set out in the notes in this title relating generally to highways and highway and traffic safety transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created Department of Transportation. See section
102 of Title
49, Transportation, and Pub. L. 97–449, § 2,Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439.

“(1) it is in the national interest for the Department [of Transportation], State departments of transportation, transit agencies, and all other recipients of Federal transportation funds—

“(A) to accelerate project delivery and reduce costs; and

“(B) to ensure that the planning, design, engineering, construction, and financing of transportation projects is done in an efficient and effective manner, promoting accountability for public investments and encouraging greater private sector involvement in project financing and delivery while enhancing safety and protecting the environment;

“(2) delay in the delivery of transportation projects increases project costs, harms the economy of the United States, and impedes the travel of the people of the United States and the shipment of goods for the conduct of commerce; and

“(3) the Secretary [of Transportation] shall identify and promote the deployment of innovation aimed at reducing the time and money required to deliver transportation projects while enhancing safety and protecting the environment.

“(b) Project Delivery Initiative.—

“(1) In general.—To advance the policy described in subsection (a), the Secretary [of Transportation] shall carry out a project delivery initiative under this section [amending this section and enacting this note].

“(A) In general.—In carrying out the initiative under this section, the Secretary shall identify and advance best practices to reduce delivery time and project costs, from planning through construction, for transportation projects and programs of projects regardless of mode and project size.

“(B) Administration.—To advance the use of best practices, the Secretary shall—

“(ii) establish a clearinghouse for the collection, documentation, and advancement of existing and new innovative approaches and best practices;

“(iii) disseminate information through a variety of means to transportation stakeholders on new innovative approaches and best practices; and

“(iv) provide technical assistance to assist transportation stakeholders in the use of flexibility authority to resolve project delays and accelerate project delivery if feasible.

“(4) Implementation of accelerated project delivery.—The Secretary shall ensure that the provisions of this subtitle [subtitle C (§§ 1301–1323) of title I of div. A of Pub. L. 112–141, see Tables for classification] designed to accelerate project delivery are fully implemented, including—

“(A) expanding eligibility of early acquisition of property prior to completion of environmental review under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.);

“(B) allowing the use of the construction manager or general contractor method of contracting in the Federal-aid highway system; and

“(C) establishing a demonstration program to streamline the relocation process by permitting a lump-sum payment for acquisition and relocation if elected by the displaced occupant.”

“(1) In general.—Congress declares that it is in the national interest to promote the use of innovative technologies and practices that increase the efficiency of construction of, improve the safety of, and extend the service life of highways and bridges.

“(a) Initial Report.—Not later than 150 days after the date of enactment of this Act [see section 3(a), (b) ofPub. L. 112–141, set out as Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment notes above], the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report describing the activities funded from the Highway Trust Fund during each of fiscal years 2009 through 2011, including for purposes other than construction and maintenance of highways and bridges.

“(b) Updates.—Not later than 5 years after the date on which the report is submitted under subsection (a) and every 5 years thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report that updates the information provided in the report under that subsection for the applicable 5-year period.

“(c) Inclusions.—A report submitted under subsection (a) or (b) shall include information similar to the information included in the report of the Government Accountability Office numbered ‘GAO–09–729R’ and entitled ‘Highway Trust Fund Expenditures on Purposes Other Than Construction and Maintenance of Highways and Bridges During Fiscal Years 2004–2008’.”

“(2) Despite the significant increase for surface transportation program funding in the Transportation Equity Act of the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178, see Tables for classification], current levels of investment are insufficient to fund critical high-cost transportation infrastructure facilities that address critical national economic and transportation needs.

“(3) Critical high-cost transportation infrastructure facilities often include multiple levels of government, agencies, modes of transportation, and transportation goals and planning processes that are not easily addressed or funded within existing surface transportation program categories.

“(4) Projects of national and regional significance have national and regional benefits, including improving economic productivity by facilitating international trade, relieving congestion, and improving transportation safety by facilitating passenger and freight movement.

“(5) The benefits of projects described in paragraph (4) accrue to local areas, States, and the Nation as a result of the effect such projects have on the national transportation system.

“(6) A program dedicated to constructing projects of national and regional significance is necessary to improve the safe, secure, and efficient movement of people and goods throughout the United States and improve the health and welfare of the national economy.

“(b) Establishment of Program.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall establish a program to provide grants to eligible applicants for projects of national and regional significance.

“(B) construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and acquisition of real property (including land related to the project and improvements to land), environmental mitigation, construction contingencies, acquisition of equipment, and operational improvements.

“(2) Eligible project.—The term ‘eligible project’ means any surface transportation project eligible for Federal assistance under title 23, United States Code, including freight railroad projects and activities eligible under such title.

“(3) Eligible applicant.—The term ‘eligible applicant’ means—

“(A) a State department of transportation or a group of State departments of transportation;

“(B) a tribal government or consortium of tribal governments;

“(C) a transit agency; or

“(D) a multi-State or multi-jurisdictional group of the agencies described in subparagraphs (A) through (C).

“(d) Eligibility.—To be eligible for assistance under this section, a project shall have eligible project costs that are reasonably anticipated to equal or exceed the lesser of—

“(1) $500,000,000; or

“(2) 50 percent of the amount of Federal highway assistance funds apportioned for the most recently completed fiscal year to the State in which the project is located.

“(e) Applications.—Each eligible applicant seeking to receive a grant under this section for an eligible project shall submit to the Secretary [of Transportation] an application in such form and in accordance with such requirements as the Secretary shall establish.

“(f) Competitive Grant Selection and Criteria for Grants.—

“(1) In general.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall—

“(A) establish criteria for selecting among projects that meet the eligibility criteria specified in subsection (d);

“(B) conduct a national solicitation for applications; and

“(C) award grants on a competitive basis.

“(2) Criteria for grants.—The Secretary may approve a grant under this section for a project only if the Secretary determines that the project—

“(A) is based on the results of preliminary engineering;

“(B) is justified based on the ability of the project—

“(i) to generate national economic benefits, including creating jobs, expanding business opportunities, and impacting the gross domestic product;

“(ii) to reduce congestion, including impacts in the State, region, and Nation;

“(v) to garner support for non-Federal financial commitments and provide evidence of stable and dependable financing sources to construct, maintain, and operate the infrastructure facility; and

“(C) is supported by an acceptable degree of non-Federal financial commitments, including evidence of stable and dependable financing sources to construct, maintain, and operate the infrastructure facility.

“(3) Selection considerations.—In selecting a project under this section, the Secretary shall consider the extent to which the project—

“(A) leverages Federal investment by encouraging non-Federal contributions to the project, including contributions from public-private partnerships;

“(B) improves roadways vital to national energy security; and

“(C) helps maintain or protect the environment.

“(4) Preliminary engineering.—In evaluating a project under paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary shall analyze and consider the results of preliminary engineering for the project.

“(ii) the degree to which financing sources are dedicated to the purposes proposed;

“(iii) any debt obligation that exists or is proposed by the recipient for the proposed project; and

“(iv) the extent to which the project has a non-Federal financial commitment that exceeds the required non-Federal share of the cost of the project.

“(6) Regulations.—Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005], the Secretary shall issue regulations on the manner in which the Secretary will evaluate and rate the projects based on the results of preliminary engineering, project justification, and the degree of non-Federal financial commitment, as required under this subsection.

“(7) Project evaluation and rating.—

“(A) In general.—A proposed project may advance from preliminary engineering to final design and construction only if the Secretary finds that the project meets the requirements of this subsection and there is a reasonable likelihood that the project will continue to meet such requirements.

“(B) Evaluation and rating.—In making such findings, the Secretary shall evaluate and rate the project as ‘highly recommended’, ‘recommended’, or ‘not recommended’ based on the results of preliminary engineering, the project justification criteria, and the degree of non-Federal financial commitment, as required under this subsection. In rating the projects, the Secretary shall provide, in addition to the overall project rating, individual ratings for each of the criteria established under the regulations issued under paragraph (6).

“(g) Letters of Intent and Full Funding Grant Agreements.—

“(1) Letter of intent.—

“(A) In general.—The Secretary [of Transportation] may issue a letter of intent to an applicant announcing an intention to obligate, for a project under this section, an amount from future available budget authority specified in law that is not more than the amount stipulated as the financial participation of the Secretary in the project.

“(B) Notification.—At least 60 days before issuing a letter under subparagraph (A) or entering into a full funding grant agreement, the Secretary shall notify in writing the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate of the proposed letter or agreement. The Secretary shall include with the notification a copy of the proposed letter or agreement as well as the evaluations and ratings for the project.

“(C) Not an obligation.—The issuance of a letter is deemed not to be an obligation under sections
1108(c),
1108(d),
1501, and
1502(a) of title
31, United States Code, or an administrative commitment.

“(D) Obligation or commitment.—An obligation or administrative commitment may be made only when contract authority is allocated to a project.

“(E) Congressional approval.—The Secretary may not issue a letter of intent, enter into a full funding grant agreement under paragraph (2), or make any other obligation or commitment to fund a project under this section if a joint resolution of disapproval is enacted disapproving funding for the project before the last day of the 60-day period described in subparagraph (B).

“(2) Full funding grant agreement.—

“(A) In general.—A project financed under this subsection shall be carried out through a full funding grant agreement. The Secretary shall enter into a full funding grant agreement based on the evaluations and ratings required under subsection (f)(7).

“(B) Terms.—If the Secretary makes a full funding grant agreement with an applicant, the agreement shall—

“(i) establish the terms of participation by the United States Government in a project under this section;

“(ii) establish the maximum amount of Government financial assistance for the project;

“(iii) cover the period of time for completing the project, including a period extending beyond the period of an authorization; and

“(iv) make timely and efficient management of the project easier according to the laws of the United States.

“(C) Agreement.—An agreement under this paragraph obligates an amount of available budget authority specified in law and may include a commitment, contingent on amounts to be specified in law in advance for commitments under this paragraph, to obligate an additional amount from future available budget authority specified in law. The agreement shall state that the contingent commitment is not an obligation of the Government. Interest and other financing costs of efficiently carrying out a part of the project within a reasonable time are a cost of carrying out the project under a full funding grant agreement, except that eligible costs may not be more than the cost of the most favorable financing terms reasonably available for the project at the time of borrowing. The applicant shall certify, in a way satisfactory to the Secretary, that the applicant has shown reasonable diligence in seeking the most favorable financing terms.

“(3) Amounts.—The total estimated amount of future obligations of the Government and contingent commitments to incur obligations covered by all outstanding letters of intent and full funding grant agreements may be not more than the greater of the amount authorized to carry out this section or an amount equivalent to the last 2 fiscal years of funding authorized to carry out this section less an amount the Secretary reasonably estimates is necessary for grants under this section not covered by a letter. The total amount covered by new letters and contingent commitments included in full funding grant agreements may be not more than a limitation specified in law.

“(h) Grant Requirements.—

“(1) In general.—A grant for a project under this section shall be subject to all of the requirements of title 23, United States Code.

“(2) Other terms and conditions.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall require that all grants under this section be subject to all terms, conditions, and requirements that the Secretary decides are necessary or appropriate for purposes of this section, including requirements for the disposition of net increases in value of real property resulting from the project assisted under this section.

“(i) Government’s Share of Project Cost.—Based on engineering studies, studies of economic feasibility, and information on the expected use of equipment or facilities, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall estimate the cost of a project receiving assistance under this section. A grant for the project is for 80 percent of the project cost, unless the grant recipient requests a lower grant percentage. A refund or reduction of the remainder may be made only if a refund of a proportional amount of the grant of the Government is made at the same time.

“(j) Fiscal Capacity Considerations.—If the Secretary [of Transportation] gives priority consideration to financing projects that include more than the non-Government share required under subsection (i) the Secretary shall give equal consideration to differences in the fiscal capacity of State and local governments.

“(k) Reports.—

“(1) Annual report.—Not later than the first Monday in February of each year, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report that includes a proposal on the allocation of amounts to be made available to finance grants under this section.

“(2) Recommendations on funding.—The annual report under this paragraph [subsection] shall include evaluations and ratings, as required under subsection (f). The report shall also include recommendations of projects for funding based on the evaluations and ratings and on existing commitments and anticipated funding levels for the next 3 fiscal years and for the next 10 fiscal years based on information currently available to the Secretary.

“(3) Project selection justifications.—

“(A) In general.—Not later than 30 days after the date on which the Secretary selects a project for funding under this section, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate a report that describes the reasons for selecting the project, based on the criteria described in subsection (f).

“(B) Inclusions.—The report submitted under subparagraph (A) shall specify each criteria described in subsection (f) that the project meets.

“(C) Availability.—The Secretary shall make available on the website of the Department the report submitted under subparagraph (A).

“(l) Report.—

“(1) In general.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the MAP–21 [deemed to be Oct. 1, 2012], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall submit a report to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate regarding projects of national and regional significance.

“(2) Purpose.—The purpose of the report issued under this subsection shall be to identify projects of national and regional significance that—

“(A) will significantly improve the performance of the Federal-aid highway system, nationally or regionally;

“(B) is able to—

“(i) generate national economic benefits that reasonably exceed the costs of the projects, including increased access to jobs, labor, and other critical economic inputs;

“(ii) reduce long-term congestion, including impacts in the State, region, and the United States, and increase speed, reliability, and accessibility of the movement of people or freight; and

“(C) can be supported by an acceptable degree of non-Federal financial commitments.

“(3) Contents.—The report issued under this subsection shall include—

“(A) a comprehensive list of each project of national and regional significance that—

“(i) has been complied [sic] through a survey of State departments of transportation; and

“(ii) has been classified by the Secretary as a project of regional or national significance in accordance with this section;

“(B) an analysis of the information collected under paragraph (1), including a discussion of the factors supporting each classification of a project as a project of regional or national significance; and

“(C) recommendations on financing for eligible project costs.

“(m) Authorization of Appropriations.—There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2013, to remain available until expended.”

“(a) In General.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall carry out a program in the 8 States comprising the Delta Region (Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee) to—

“(1) support and encourage multistate transportation planning and corridor development;

“(2) provide for transportation project development;

“(3) facilitate transportation decisionmaking; and

“(4) support transportation construction.

“(b) Eligible Recipients.—A State transportation department or metropolitan planning organization in a Delta Region State may receive and administer funds provided under the program.

“(c) Eligible Activities.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall make allocations under the program for multistate highway planning, development, and construction projects.

“(d) Other Provisions Regarding Eligibility.—All activities funded under this program shall be consistent with the continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive planning processes required by sections
134 and
135 of title
23, United States Code.

“(e) Selection Criteria.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall select projects to be carried out under the program based on—

“(1) whether the project is located—

“(A) in an area under the authority of the Delta Regional Authority; and

“(B) on a Federal-aid highway;

“(2) endorsement of the project by the State department of transportation; and

“(3) evidence of the ability of the recipient of funds provided under the program to complete the project.

“(B) improve the safety of the transportation system with respect to catastrophic natural disasters or disasters caused by human activity; and

“(C) contribute to the economic vitality of the area in which the project is being carried out.

“(g) Federal Share.—Amounts provided by the Delta Regional Authority to carry out a project under this subsection [probably means this section] may be applied to the non-Federal share of the project required by section
120 of title
23, United States Code.

“(h) Funding.—

“(1) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this section $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2009.

“(2) Contract authority.—Funds made available to carry out this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if such funds were apportioned under chapter
1 of title
23, United States Code; except that such funds shall not be transferable and shall remain available until expended.”

“(a) In General.—The Secretary [of Transportation], acting through the Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration, in consultation with the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate, shall appoint a Motorcyclist Advisory Council to coordinate with and advise the Administrator on infrastructure issues of concern to motorcyclists, including—

“(1) barrier design;

“(2) road design, construction, and maintenance practices; and

“(3) the architecture and implementation of intelligent transportation system technologies.

“(b) Composition.—The Council shall consist of not more than 10 members of the motorcycling community with professional expertise in national motorcyclist safety advocacy, including—

“(1) at least—

“(A) one member recommended by a national motorcyclist association;

“(B) one member recommended by a national motorcycle riders foundation;

“(C) one representative of the National Association of State Motorcycle Safety Administrators;

“(D) two members of State motorcyclists’ organizations;

“(E) one member recommended by a national organization that represents the builders of highway infrastructure;

“(F) one member recommended by a national association that represents the traffic safety systems industry; and

“(G) one member of a national safety organization; and

“(2) at least one, and not more than two, motorcyclists who are traffic system design engineers or State transportation department officials.”

“(a) In General.—The Secretary shall establish and implement a program to make allocations to States and metropolitan planning organizations for coordinated planning, design, and construction of corridors of national significance, economic growth, and international or interregional trade. A State or metropolitan planning organization may apply to the Secretary for allocations under this section.

“(b) Eligibility of Corridors.—The Secretary may make allocations under this section with respect to—

“(2) any other significant regional or multistate highway corridor not described in whole or in part in paragraph (1) selected by the Secretary after consideration of—

“(A) the extent to which the annual volume of commercial vehicle traffic at the border stations or ports of entry of each State—

“(i) has increased since the date of enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 103–182 [Dec. 8, 1993]); and

“(ii) is projected to increase in the future;

“(B) the extent to which commercial vehicle traffic in each State—

“(i) has increased since the date of enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 103–182); and

“(ii) is projected to increase in the future;

“(C) the extent to which international truck-borne commodities move through each State;

“(D) the reduction in commercial and other travel time through a major international gateway or affected port of entry expected as a result of the proposed project including the level of traffic delays at at-grade highway crossings of major rail lines in trade corridors;

“(E) the extent of leveraging of Federal funds provided under this subsection, including—

“(i) use of innovative financing;

“(ii) combination with funding provided under other sections of this Act [see Tables for classification] and title 23, United States Code; and

“(iii) combination with other sources of Federal, State, local, or private funding including State, local, and private matching funds;

“(F) the value of the cargo carried by commercial vehicle traffic, to the extent that the value of the cargo and congestion impose economic costs on the Nation’s economy; and

“(G) encourage or facilitate major multistate or regional mobility and economic growth and development in areas underserved by existing highway infrastructure.

“(c) Purposes.—Allocations may be made under this section for 1 or more of the following purposes:

“(1) Feasibility studies.

“(2) Comprehensive corridor planning and design activities.

“(3) Location and routing studies.

“(4) Multistate and intrastate coordination for corridors described in subsection (b).

“(5) After review by the Secretary of a development and management plan for the corridor or a usable component thereof under subsection (b)—

“(A) environmental review; and

“(B) construction.

“(d) Corridor Development and Management Plan.—A State or metropolitan planning organization receiving an allocation under this section shall develop, and submit to the Secretary for review, a development and management plan for the corridor or a usable component thereof with respect to which the allocation is being made. Such plan shall include, at a minimum, the following elements:

“(1) A complete and comprehensive analysis of corridor costs and benefits.

“(2) A coordinated corridor development plan and schedule, including a timetable for completion of all planning and development activities, environmental reviews and permits, and construction of all segments.

“(3) A finance plan, including any innovative financing methods and, if the corridor is a multistate corridor, a State-by-State breakdown of corridor finances.

“(4) The results of any environmental reviews and mitigation plans.

“(5) The identification of any impediments to the development and construction of the corridor, including any environmental, social, political and economic objections.

In the case of a multistate corridor, the Secretary shall encourage all States having jurisdiction over any portion of such corridor to participate in the development of such plan.

“(e) Applicability of Title 23.—Funds made available by section 1101 of this Act [set out in part as a note below] to carry out this section and section
1119 [set out below] shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if such funds were apportioned under chapter
1 of title
23, United States Code.

“(f) Coordination of Planning.—Planning with respect to a corridor under this section shall be coordinated with transportation planning being carried out by the States and metropolitan planning organizations along the corridor and, to the extent appropriate, with transportation planning being carried out by Federal land management agencies, by tribal governments, or by government agencies in Mexico or Canada.

“(g) State Defined.—In this section, the term ‘State’ has the meaning such term has under section
101 of title
23, United States Code.”

“(a) General Authority.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall implement a coordinated border infrastructure program under which the Secretary shall distribute funds to border States to improve the safe movement of motor vehicles at or across the border between the United States and Canada and the border between the United States and Mexico.

“(b) Eligible Uses.—Subject to subsection (d), a State may use funds apportioned under this section only for—

“(1) improvements in a border region to existing transportation and supporting infrastructure that facilitate cross-border motor vehicle and cargo movements;

“(2) construction of highways and related safety and safety enforcement facilities in a border region that facilitate motor vehicle and cargo movements related to international trade;

“(3) operational improvements in a border region, including improvements relating to electronic data interchange and use of telecommunications, to expedite cross border motor vehicle and cargo movement;

“(c) Apportionment of Funds.—On October 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall apportion among border States sums authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section for such fiscal year as follows:

“(1) 20 percent in the ratio that—

“(A) the total number of incoming commercial trucks that pass through the land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

“(B) the total number of incoming commercial trucks that pass through such ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

“(2) 30 percent in the ratio that—

“(A) the total number of incoming personal motor vehicles and incoming buses that pass through land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

“(B) the total number of incoming personal motor vehicles and incoming buses that pass through such ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

“(3) 25 percent in the ratio that—

“(A) the total weight of incoming cargo by commercial trucks that pass through land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

“(B) the total weight of incoming cargo by commercial trucks that pass through such ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

“(4) 25 percent of the ratio that—

“(A) the total number of land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

“(B) the total number of land border ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

“(d) Projects in Canada or Mexico.—A project in Canada or Mexico, proposed by a border State to directly and predominantly facilitate cross-border motor vehicle and cargo movements at an international port of entry into the border region of the State, may be constructed using funds apportioned to the State under this section if, before obligation of those funds, Canada or Mexico, or the political subdivision of Canada or Mexico that is responsible for the operation of the facility to be constructed, provides assurances satisfactory to the Secretary [of Transportation] that any facility constructed under this subsection will be—

“(1) constructed in accordance with standards equivalent to applicable standards in the United States; and

“(2) properly maintained and used over the useful life of the facility for the purpose for which the Secretary is allocating such funds to the project.

“(e) Transfer of Funds to the General Services Administration.—

“(1) State funds.—At the request of a border State, funds apportioned to the State under this section may be transferred to the General Services Administration for the purpose of funding one or more projects described in subsection (b) if—

“(A) the Secretary [of Transportation] determines, after consultation with the transportation department of the border State, that the General Services Administration should carry out the project; and

“(B) the General Services Administration agrees to accept the transfer of, and to administer, those funds in accordance with this section.

“(2) Non-federal share.—

“(A) In general.—A border State that makes a request under paragraph (1) shall provide directly to the General Services Administration, for each project covered by the request, the non-Federal share of the cost of the project.

“(B) No augmentation of appropriations.—Funds provided by a border State under subparagraph (A)—

“(i) shall not be considered to be an augmentation of the appropriations made available to the General Services Administration; and

“(ii) shall be—

“(I) administered, subject to paragraph (1)(B), in accordance with the procedures of the General Services Administration; but
“(II) available for obligation in the same manner as if the funds were apportioned under chapter
1 of title
23, United States Code.

“(3) Obligation authority.—Obligation authority shall be transferred to the General Services Administration for a project in the same manner and amount as the funds provided for the project under paragraph (1).

“(4) Limitation on transfer of funds.—No State may transfer to the General Services Administration under this subsection an amount that is more than the lesser of—

“(A) 15 percent of the aggregate amount of funds apportioned to the State under this section for such fiscal year; or

“(B) $5,000,000.

“(f) Applicability of Title 23.—Funds made available to carry out this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if such funds were apportioned under chapter
1 of title
23, United States Code; except that, subject to subsection (e), such funds shall not be transferable and shall remain available until expended, and the Federal share of the cost of a project under this section shall be determined in accordance with section 120 of such title.

“(g) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

“(1) Border region.—The term ‘border region’ means any portion of a border State within 100 miles of an international land border with Canada or Mexico.

“(2) Border state.—The term ‘border State’ means any State that has an international land border with Canada or Mexico.

“(3) Commercial truck.—The term ‘commercial truck’ means a commercial motor vehicle as defined in section
31301(4) (other than subparagraph (B)) of title 49, United States Code.

“(4) Motor vehicle.—The term ‘motor vehicle’ has the meaning such term has under section
101(a) of title
23, United States Code.

“(5) State.—The term ‘State’ has the meaning such term has in section 101(a) of such title 23.”

“(a) General Authority.—The Secretary shall establish and implement a coordinated border infrastructure program under which the Secretary may make allocations to border States and metropolitan planning organizations for areas within the boundaries of 1 or more border States for projects to improve the safe movement of people and goods at or across the border between the United States and Canada and the border between the United States and Mexico.

“(b) Eligible Uses.—Allocations to States and metropolitan planning organizations under this section may only be used in a border region for—

“(5) international coordination of planning, programming, and border operation with Canada and Mexico relating to expediting cross border vehicle and cargo movements; and

“(6) activities of Federal inspection agencies.

“(c) Selection Criteria.—The Secretary shall make allocations under this section on the basis of—

“(1) expected reduction in commercial and other motor vehicle travel time through an international border crossing as a result of the project;

“(2) improvements in vehicle and highway safety and cargo security related to motor vehicles crossing a border with Canada or Mexico;

“(3) strategies to increase the use of existing, underutilized border crossing facilities and approaches;

“(4) leveraging of Federal funds provided under this section, including use of innovative financing, combination of such funds with funding provided under other sections of this Act [see Tables for classification], and combination with other sources of Federal, State, local, or private funding;

“(5) degree of multinational involvement in the project and demonstrated coordination with other Federal agencies responsible for the inspection of vehicles, cargo, and persons crossing international borders and their counterpart agencies in Canada and Mexico;

“(6) improvements in vehicle and highway safety and cargo security in and through the gateway or affected port of entry concerned;

“(7) the degree of demonstrated coordination with Federal inspection agencies;

“(8) the extent to which the innovative and problem solving techniques of the proposed project would be applicable to other border stations or ports of entry;

“(9) demonstrated local commitment to implement and sustain continuing comprehensive border or affected port of entry planning processes and improvement programs; and

“(10) such other factors as the Secretary determines are appropriate to promote border transportation efficiency and safety.

“(d) Construction of Transportation Infrastructure for Law Enforcement Purposes.—At the request of the Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary may transfer, during the period of fiscal years 1998 through 2001, not more than $10,000,000 of the amounts made available by section
1101 [set out in part as a note below] to carry out this section and section
1118 [set out above] to the Administrator of General Services for the construction of transportation infrastructure necessary for law enforcement in border States.

“(e) Definitions.—In this section, the following definitions apply:

“(1) Border region.—The term ‘border region’ means the portion of a border State in the vicinity of an international border with Canada or Mexico.

“(2) Border state.—The term ‘border State’ means any State that has a boundary in common with Canada or Mexico.”

“(A) Evaluation.—The Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct an evaluation of the methodology used by the Department of Transportation to determine highway needs using the highway economic requirement system (in this subsection referred to as the ‘model’).

“(B) Required element.—The evaluation shall include an assessment of the extent to which the model estimates an optimal level of highway infrastructure investment, including an assessment as to when the model may be overestimating or underestimating investment requirements.

“(C) Report to congress.—Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998], the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the evaluation.

“(2) State investment plans.—

“(A) Study.—In consultation with State transportation departments and other appropriate State and local officials, the Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study on the extent to which the model can be used to provide States with useful information for developing State transportation investment plans and State infrastructure investment projections.

“(B) Required elements.—The study shall—

“(i) identify any additional data that may need to be collected beyond the data submitted, before the date of enactment of this Act, to the Federal Highway Administration through the highway performance monitoring system; and

“(ii) identify what additional work, if any, would be required of the Federal Highway Administration and the States to make the model useful at the State level.

“(C) Report to congress.—Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the study.”

“(1) Assessment.—The Secretary shall conduct a comprehensive assessment of the state of the transportation infrastructure on the southwest border between the United States and Mexico (in this subsection referred to as the ‘border’).

“(F) the American Commissioner on the International Boundary Commission, United States and Mexico;

“(G) State agencies responsible for transportation and law enforcement in border States; and

“(H) municipal governments and transportation authorities in sister cities in the border area.

“(3) Requirements.—In carrying out the assessment, the Secretary shall—

“(A) assess the flow of commercial and private traffic through designated ports of entry on the border;

“(B) assess the adequacy of transportation infrastructure in the border area, including highways, bridges, railway lines, and border inspection facilities;

“(C) assess the adequacy of law enforcement and narcotics abatement activities in the border area, as the activities relate to commercial and private traffic and infrastructure;

“(D) assess future demands on transportation infrastructure in the border area; and

“(E) make recommendations to facilitate legitimate cross-border traffic in the border area, while maintaining the integrity of the border.

“(4) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998], the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report on the assessment conducted under this subsection, including any related legislative and administrative recommendations.”

“(a) Establishment.—In cooperation with appropriate State, tribal, regional, and local governments, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall establish a comprehensive program to address the relationships among transportation, community, and system preservation plans and practices and identify private sector-based initiatives to improve such relationships.

“(b) Purpose.—Through the program under this section, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall facilitate the planning, development, and implementation of strategies to integrate transportation, community, and system preservation plans and practices that address one or more of the following:

“(1) Improve the efficiency of the transportation system of the United States.

“(2) Reduce the impacts of transportation on the environment.

“(3) Reduce the need for costly future investments in public infrastructure.

“(5) Examine community development patterns and identify strategies to encourage private sector development that achieves the purposes identified in paragraphs (1) through (4).

“(c) General Authority.—The Secretary [of Transportation] shall allocate funds made available to carry out this section to States, metropolitan planning organizations, local governments, and tribal governments to carry out eligible projects to integrate transportation, community, and system preservation plans and practices.

“(d) Eligibility.—A project described in subsection (c) is an eligible project under this section if the project—

“(1) is eligible for assistance under title 23 or chapter
53 of title
49, United States Code; or

“(2) is to conduct any other activity relating to transportation, community, and system preservation that the Secretary [of Transportation] determines to be appropriate, including corridor preservation activities that are necessary to implement one or more of the following:

“(A) Transit-oriented development plans.

“(B) Traffic calming measures.

“(C) Other coordinated transportation, community, and system preservation practices.

“(e) Criteria.—In allocating funds made available to carry out this section, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall give priority consideration to applicants that—

“(1) have instituted preservation or development plans and programs that—

“(A) are coordinated with State and local preservation or development plans, including transit-oriented development plans;

“(B) promote cost-effective and strategic investments in transportation infrastructure that minimize adverse impacts on the environment; or

“(C) promote innovative private sector strategies;

“(2) have instituted other policies to integrate transportation, community, and system preservation practices, such as—

“(A) spending policies that direct funds to high-growth areas;

“(B) urban growth boundaries to guide metropolitan expansion;

“(C) ‘green corridors’ programs that provide access to major highway corridors for areas targeted for efficient and compact development; or

“(D) other similar programs or policies as determined by the Secretary;

“(3) have preservation or development policies that include a mechanism for reducing potential impacts of transportation activities on the environment;

“(4) demonstrate a commitment to public and private involvement, including the involvement of nontraditional partners in the project team; and

“(5) examine ways to encourage private sector investments that address the purposes of this section.

“(f) Equitable Distribution.—In allocating funds to carry out this section, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall ensure the equitable distribution of funds to a diversity of populations and geographic regions.

“(g) Funding.—

“(1) In general.—There is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this section $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2005 and $61,250,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2009.

“(2) Contract authority.—Funds made available to carry out this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner as if the funds were apportioned under chapter
1 of title
23, United States Code; except that such funds shall not be transferable, and the Federal share for projects and activities carried out with such funds shall be determined in accordance with section
120(b) of title
23, United States Code.”

“(a) Purpose.—The purpose of this section is to authorize the provision of assistance for, and support of, State and local efforts concerning surface transportation issues necessary to obtain the national recognition and economic benefits of participation in the International Olympic movement, the International Paralympic movement, and the Special Olympics International movement by hosting international quadrennial Olympic and Paralympic events, and Special Olympics International events, in the United States.

“(b) Priority for Transportation Projects Relating to Olympic, Paralympic, and Special Olympic Events.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, from funds available to carry out [former] sections
118(c) and
144(g)(1) of title
23, United States Code, the Secretary may give priority to funding for a transportation project relating to an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event, or a Special Olympics International event, if—

“(1) the project meets the extraordinary needs associated with an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event or a Special Olympics International event; and

“(2) the project is otherwise eligible for assistance under [former] sections 118(c) and 144(g)(1) of such title.

“(1) planning activities of States and metropolitan planning organizations and transportation projects relating to an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event, or a Special Olympics International event, under sections
134 and
135 of title
23, United States Code; and

“(2) developing intermodal transportation plans necessary for the projects in coordination with State and local transportation agencies.

“(d) Funding.—Notwithstanding section
5001(a) [112 Stat. 419], from funds made available under such section, the Secretary may provide assistance for the development of an Olympic, a Paralympic, and a Special Olympics transportation management plan in cooperation with an Olympic Organizing Committee responsible for hosting, and State and local communities affected by, an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event or a Special Olympics International event.

“(1) In general.—The Secretary may provide assistance, including planning, capital, and operating assistance, to States and local governments in carrying out transportation projects relating to an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event or a Special Olympics International event.

“(2) Federal share.—The Federal share of the cost of a project assisted under this subsection shall not exceed 80 percent.

“(f) Eligible Governments.—A State or local government shall be eligible to receive assistance under this section only if the government is hosting a venue that is part of an international quadrennial Olympics that is officially selected by the International Olympic Committee or Special Olympics International.

“(g) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this section such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 1998 through 2003.”

“(a) Establishment of Criteria.—The Secretary shall establish criteria for all discretionary programs funded from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account). To the extent practicable, such criteria shall conform to the Executive Order No. 12893 [31 U.S.C. 501 note] (relating to infrastructure investment).

“(b) Selection Process.—

“(1) Limitation on acceptance of applications.—Before accepting applications for grants under any discretionary program for which funds are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) by this Act [see Tables for classification] (including the amendments made by this Act), the Secretary shall publish the criteria established under subsection (a). Such publication shall identify all statutory criteria and any criteria established by regulation that will apply to the program.

“(2) Explanation.—Not less often than quarterly, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a list of the projects selected under discretionary programs funded from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) and an explanation of how the projects were selected based on the criteria established under subsection (a).

“(c) Minimum Covered Programs.—At a minimum, the criteria established under subsection (a) and the selection process established by subsection (b) shall apply to the following programs:

“(1) The intelligent transportation system deployment program under title V [see Tables for classification].

“(2) The national corridor planning and development program.

“(3) The coordinated border infrastructure and safety program.

“(4) The construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal facilities.

“(5) The national scenic byways program.

“(6) The Interstate discretionary program.

“(7) The discretionary bridge program.”

Compliance With Buy American Act

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, § 359(c),Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 627, directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study on compliance with Buy American Act (see 41 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.) with respect to contracts entered into using amounts made available from Highway Trust Fund and not later than 1 year after Nov. 28, 1995, transmit to Congress report on results.

“(A) while significant progress has occurred due to the establishment of the disadvantaged business enterprise program, discrimination and related barriers continue to pose significant obstacles for minority- and women-owned businesses seeking to do business in federally-assisted surface transportation markets across the United States;

“(B) the continuing barriers described in subparagraph (A) merit the continuation of the disadvantaged business enterprise program;

“(C) Congress has received and reviewed testimony and documentation of race and gender discrimination from numerous sources, including congressional hearings and roundtables, scientific reports, reports issued by public and private agencies, news stories, reports of discrimination by organizations and individuals, and discrimination lawsuits, which show that race- and gender-neutral efforts alone are insufficient to address the problem;

“(D) the testimony and documentation described in subparagraph (C) demonstrate that discrimination across the United States poses a barrier to full and fair participation in surface transportation-related businesses of women business owners and minority business owners and has impacted firm development and many aspects of surface transportation-related business in the public and private markets; and

“(E) the testimony and documentation described in subparagraph (C) provide a strong basis that there is a compelling need for the continuation of the disadvantaged business enterprise program to address race and gender discrimination in surface transportation-related business.

“(2) Definitions.—In this subsection, the following definitions apply:

“(A) Small business concern.—

“(i) In general.—The term ‘small business concern’ means a small business concern (as the term is used in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)).

“(ii) Exclusions.—The term ‘small business concern’ does not include any concern or group of concerns controlled by the same socially and economically disadvantaged individual or individuals that have average annual gross receipts during the preceding 3 fiscal years in excess of $22,410,000, as adjusted annually by the Secretary [of Transportation] for inflation.

“(B) Socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.—The term ‘socially and economically disadvantaged individuals’ has the meaning given the term in section 8(d) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637(d)) and relevant subcontracting regulations issued pursuant to that Act [15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.], except that women shall be presumed to be socially and economically disadvantaged individuals for purposes of this subsection.

“(3) Amounts for small business concerns.—Except to the extent that the Secretary determines otherwise, not less than 10 percent of the amounts made available for any program under divisions A and B of this Act [see Tables for classification] and section
403 of title
23, United States Code, shall be expended through small business concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.

“(4) Annual listing of disadvantaged business enterprises.—Each State shall annually—

“(A) survey and compile a list of the small business concerns referred to in paragraph (2) in the State, including the location of the small business concerns in the State; and

“(B) notify the Secretary, in writing, of the percentage of the small business concerns that are controlled by—

“(i) women;

“(ii) socially and economically disadvantaged individuals (other than women); and

“(iii) individuals who are women and are otherwise socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.

“(5) Uniform certification.—

“(A) In general.—The Secretary shall establish minimum uniform criteria for use by State governments in certifying whether a concern qualifies as a small business concern for the purpose of this subsection.

“(B) Inclusions.—The minimum uniform criteria established under subparagraph (A) shall include, with respect to a potential small business concern—

“(i) on-site visits;

“(ii) personal interviews with personnel;

“(iii) issuance or inspection of licenses;

“(iv) analyses of stock ownership;

“(v) listings of equipment;

“(vi) analyses of bonding capacity;

“(vii) listings of work completed;

“(viii) examination of the resumes of principal owners;

“(ix) analyses of financial capacity; and

“(x) analyses of the type of work preferred.

“(6) Reporting.—The Secretary shall establish minimum requirements for use by State governments in reporting to the Secretary—

“(B) such other information as the Secretary [of Transportation] determines to be appropriate for the proper monitoring of the disadvantaged business enterprise program.

“(7) Compliance with court orders.—Nothing in this subsection limits the eligibility of an individual or entity to receive funds made available under divisions A and B of this Act [see Tables for classification] and section
403 of title
23, United States Code, if the entity or person is prevented, in whole or in part, from complying with paragraph (2) because a Federal court issues a final order in which the court finds that a requirement or the implementation of paragraph (2) is unconstitutional.”

Pub. L. 109–14, § 7(s),May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 334, provided that: “Amounts made available under the amendments made by this section [amending sections
5307,
5309, and
5338 of Title
49, Transportation, and provisions set out as notes under section
322 of this title and sections
5307,
5309,
5310, and
5338 of Title
49] shall be treated for purposes of section 1101(b) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178] (23 U.S.C. 101 note) as amounts made available for programs under title III of such Act [see Tables for classification].”

“(1) Establishment.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], the Secretary shall establish in the Department of Transportation an advisory committee to assist the Secretary with respect to establishment of a national scenic byways program under title 23, United States Code.

“(2) Membership.—The advisory committee established under this section shall be composed of 17 members as follows:

“(A) The Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration or the designee of the Administrator who shall serve as chairman of the advisory committee.

“(B) The Chief of the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture or the designee of the Chief.

“(C) The Director of the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior or the designee of the Director.

“(D) The Director of the Bureau of Land Management of the Department of the Interior or the designee of the Director.

“(E) The Under Secretary for Travel and Tourism of the Department of Commerce or the designee of the Under Secretary.

“(F) The Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior or the designee of the Assistant Secretary.

“(G) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of conservationists on the advisory committee.

“(H) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary of Transportation who is specially qualified to represent the interests of recreational users of scenic byways on the advisory committee.

“(I) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of the tourism industry on the advisory committee.

“(J) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of historic preservationists on the advisory committee.

“(K) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of highway users on the advisory committee.

“(L) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary to represent State highway and transportation officials.

“(M) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary to represent local highway and transportation officials.

“(N) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to serve on the advisory committee as a planner.

“(O) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the motoring public.

“(P) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent groups interested in scenic preservation.

“(Q) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who represents the outdoor advertising industry.

Individuals appointed as members of the advisory committee under subparagraphs (G) through (P) may be State and local government officials. Members shall serve without compensation other than for reasonable expenses incident to functions of the advisory committee.

“(3) Functions.—The advisory committee established under this subsection shall develop and make to the Secretary recommendations regarding minimum criteria for use by State and Federal agencies in designating highways as scenic byways and as all-American roads for purposes of a national scenic byways program to be established under title 23, United States Code. Such recommendations shall include recommendations on the following:

“(A) Consideration of the scenic beauty and historic significance of highways proposed for designation as scenic byways and all-American roads and the areas surrounding such highways.

“(B) Operation and management standards for highways designated as scenic byways and all-American roads, including strategies for maintaining or improving the qualities for which a highway is designated as a scenic byway or all-American road, for protecting and enhancing the landscape and view corridors surrounding such a highway, and for minimizing traffic congestion on such a highway.

“(C)(i) Standards for scenic byway-related signs, including those which identify highways as scenic byways and all-American roads.

“(ii) The advisability of uniform signs identifying highways as components of the scenic byway system.

“(F) Procedures for reviewing and terminating the designation of a highway designated as a scenic byway.

“(G) Such other matters as the advisory committee may deem appropriate.

“(H) Such other matters for which the Secretary may request recommendations.

“(4) Report.—Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], the advisory committee established under this section shall submit to the Secretary and Congress a report containing the recommendations described in paragraph (3).

“(b) Technical and Financial Assistance.—The Secretary shall provide technical assistance to the States (as such term is defined under section
101 of title
23, United States Code) and shall make grants to the States for the planning, design, and development of State scenic byway programs.

“(c) Federal Share.—The Federal share payable for the costs of planning, design, and development of State scenic byway programs under this section shall be 80 percent.

“(d) Funding.—There shall be available to the Secretary for carrying out this section (other than subsection (f)), out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account), $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, $14,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1995, 1996, and 1997, and $7,000,000 for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998. Such sums shall remain available until expended.

“(e) Contract Authority.—Notwithstanding any other provision of law, approval by the Secretary of a grant under this section shall be deemed a contractual obligation of the United States for payment of the Federal share of the cost of activities for which the grant is being made.

“(f) Interim Scenic Byways Program.—

“(1) Grant program.—During fiscal years 1992, 1993, and 1994, the Secretary may make grants to any State which has a scenic highway program for carrying out eligible projects on highways which the State has designated as scenic byways.

“(A) those eligible projects which are included in a corridor management plan for maintaining scenic, historic, recreational, cultural, and archeological characteristics of the corridor while providing for accommodation of increased tourism and development of related amenities;

“(B) those eligible projects for which a strong local commitment is demonstrated for implementing the management plans and protecting the characteristics for which the highway is likely to be designated as a scenic byway;

“(C) those eligible projects which are included in programs which can serve as models for other States to follow when establishing and designing scenic byways on an intrastate or interstate basis; and

“(D) those eligible projects in multi-State corridors where the States submit joint applications.

“(3) Eligible projects.—The following are projects which are eligible for Federal assistance under this subsection:

“(A) Planning, design, and development of State scenic byway programs.

“(B) Making safety improvements to a highway designated as a scenic byway under this subsection to the extent such improvements are necessary to accommodate increased traffic, and changes in the types of vehicles using the highway, due to such designation.

“(C) Construction along the highway of facilities for the use of pedestrians and bicyclists, rest areas, turnouts, highway shoulder improvements, passing lanes, overlooks, and interpretive facilities.

“(D) Improvements to the highway which will enhance access to an area for the purpose of recreation, including water-related recreation.

“(E) Protecting historical and cultural resources in areas adjacent to the highway.

“(F) Developing and providing tourist information to the public, including interpretive information about the scenic byway.

“(4) Federal share.—The Federal share payable for the costs of carrying out projects and developing programs under this subsection with funds made available pursuant to this subsection shall be 80 percent.

“(5) Funding.—There shall be available to the Secretary for carrying out this subsection, out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account), $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1994. Such sums shall remain available until expended.

“(g) Limitation.—The Secretary shall not make a grant under this section for any project which would not protect the scenic, historic, recreational, cultural, natural, and archeological integrity of the highway and adjacent area. The Secretary may not use more than 10 percent of the funds authorized for each fiscal year under subsection (f)(5) for removal of any outdoor advertising sign, display, or device.

“(h) Treatment of Scenic Highways in Oregon.—For purposes of this section, a highway designated as a scenic highway in the State of Oregon shall be treated as a scenic byway.”

Commemoration of Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways

“(a) Study.—The Secretary shall conduct a study to determine an appropriate symbol or emblem to be placed on highway signs referring to the Interstate System to commemorate the vision of President Dwight D. Eisenhower in creating the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways].

“(b) Report.—Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], the Secretary shall transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study under this section.”

Designation of National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways

“(a) notwithstanding any other provision of law, The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways shall be redesignated as ‘The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways’; and

“(b) any reference before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 1990] in any provision of law, regulation, map, sign, or otherwise to The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways shall be deemed to refer, on and after such date, to The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways.”

Signs Identifying Funding Sources

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, § 154,Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 209, which related to erection of signs indicating sources of funding on projects under construction with funds from the Highway Trust Fund, was repealed and restated in section
321 of this title by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1901(a), (c),Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464.

Eligibility for Federal-Aid Highway Funds of Projects Involving Improvements in Vicinity of Interchanges Necessary To Upgrade Safety of Primary Routes Not on Common Alignment With Interstate Route

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 128,Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2118, provided that: “In any case where a project involving a Federal-aid primary route not on the Interstate System, and a route on the Interstate System which was originally constructed without the expenditure of any funds authorized under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], and was subsequently added to the Interstate System, both occupying a common alignment and having elements which have been approved in concept by the Secretary of Transportation as part of a project providing for the upgrading of an interchange on such Interstate route, the cost of improvements in the vicinity of the interchange necessary to upgrade the safety of that part of such Federal-aid primary route not on a common alignment with such Interstate route in an environmentally acceptable manner shall be eligible for the expenditure of funds authorized by such section
108(b).”

Study of Future Transportation Professional Manpower Needs; Report

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 135,Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2125, provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation shall undertake to enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences’ Transportation Research Board to conduct a comprehensive study and investigation of future transportation professional manpower needs, including but not limited to prevailing methods of recruitment, training, and financial and other incentives and disincentives which encourage or discourage retention in service of such professional manpower by Federal, State, and local governments. In entering into any arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences for conducting such study and investigation, the Secretary shall request the National Academy of Sciences to report to the Secretary and the Congress not later than two years after the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1983] on the results of such study and investigation, together with its recommendations. The Secretary shall furnish to the Academy at its request any information which the Academy deems necessary for the purpose of conducting the study and investigation authorized by this section.”

“(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 [section 4(b) ofPub. L. 97–134, which amended section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, set out as a note under this section] the Secretary of Transportation may approve a change in location of any Interstate route or segment and approve, in lieu thereof, the construction of such Interstate route or segment on a new location if the original location of such route or segment meets the following criteria: (1) it has been designated under [former] section
103(e) of title
23, United States Code; (2) it is serving Interstate travel as of the date of enactment of this section [Jan. 6, 1983]; (3) it requires improvements which are eligible under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 [see Short Title of 1981 Amendment note above] and which would either involve major modifications in order to meet acceptable standards or result in severe environmental impacts and such major modifications or mitigation measures relating to the environmental impacts are not cost effective. The cost of the construction of such Interstate route or segment on new location with funds available under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], shall not exceed the estimated cost of the eligible improvements on the original location as eligible under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 and included in the 1983 interstate cost estimate as approved by the Congress. Such cost shall be increased or decreased, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of the original location of the route or segment as of the date of approval of each project on the new location. Upon approval of a new location, and funds apportioned under [former] section
104(b)(5)(A) of title
23, United States Code, which were expended on the route or segment in the original location shall be refunded to the Highway Trust Fund and credited to the unobligated balance of the State’s apportionment made under [former] section
104(b)(5)(A) of title
23, United States Code, and other eligible Federal-aid highway funds may be substituted in lieu thereof at the appropriate Federal share.

“(b) Where the Secretary of Transportation approves a relocation of an Interstate route or segment under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, such route or segment shall not be eligible for withdrawal under the provisions of [former] section
103(e)(4) of title
23, United States Code, and shall be subject to the Interstate System completion deadlines provided in subsections (d) and (e) ofsection
107 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–599, formerly set out as notes under section
103 of this title] or subject to Interstate System completion deadlines as may be determined by Congress.

“(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or of any other provision of law, any project involving the relocation of any Interstate route or segment that is approved by the Secretary of Transportation under subsection (a) shall be eligible for discretionary funds made available under [former] section
118(b)(2)(B) of title
23, United States Code.”

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 102(b),May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425, provided that at least 30 percent of the apportionment made to each State for each of the fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1978, and Sept. 30, 1979, of the sums authorized in section 102(a) ofPub. L. 94–280be expended by such State for projects for the construction of intercity portions which would close essential gaps in the Interstate System and provide a continuous System; that the Secretary of Transportation report to Congress before Oct. 1, 1976, on those intercity portions of the Interstate System the construction of which would be needed to close essential gaps in the System; and that a State which did not have sufficient projects to meet the 30 percent requirement would, upon approval of the Secretary of Transportation, be exempt from the requirement to the extent of such inability.

Interstate System; Prohibition of Obligation of Funds for Resurfacing, Restoration, or Rehabilitation Projects

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 102(c),May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 426, provided that no part of the funds authorized by section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], for the Interstate System, shall be obligated for any project for resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating any portion of the Interstate System.

Interstate Funding Study; Report and Recommendations to Congress

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 150,May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 447, directed Secretary of Transportation to undertake a complete study of the financing of completion of the Interstate Highway System and report to Congress within nine months the results of the study, and to submit to Congress within one year his recommendations regarding the need to provide Federal financial assistance for resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation of routes of the System together with results of a study of alternative means of assuring that the high level of transportation service provided by the System is maintained.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 153,May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 448, directed Secretary of Transportation to make an investigation and study for the purpose of determining the need for special Federal assistance in the construction or reconstruction of highways on the Federal-aid system necessary for the transportation of coal or other uses in order to promote the solution of the Nation’s energy problems; that such study include appropriate consultations with the Secretary of the Interior, the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, and other appropriate Federal and State officials; that the Secretary report the results of such investigation and study together with his recommendations, to the Congress not later than one year after May 5, 1976; and that, in order to carry out the study, the Secretary use such funds as were available to him for such purposes under section
104(a) of this title.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 154,May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 448, as amended by Pub. L. 95–599, title I, § 137(a), (b)(1),Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2710, established National Transportation Policy Study Commission; directed Commission, not later than July 1, 1979, to make an investigation and study and report to the President and Congress on the transportation needs and the resources, requirements, and policies of the United States to meet such expected needs; and provided for the Commission to terminate six months after the report.

Consent of Governing Body for Expenditure of Funds

Pub. L. 93–643, § 102(d),Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2282, provided that no funds appropriated under the expanded definition of this section [23 U.S.C. 101(a)] shall be expended without the formal consent of the governing body of the tribe band or group of Indians or Alaskan Natives for whose use the Indian reservation roads and bridges are intended.

“(a) The Secretary of Transportation shall develop and include in the report of Congress required to be submitted in January 1972, by section 3 of the Act of August 28, 1965 (79 Stat. 578; Public Law 89–139) [set out below], specific recommendations for the functional realinement of the Federal-aid systems. These recommendations shall be based on the functional classification study made in cooperation with the State highway departments and local governments as required by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968 [see section 17 ofPub. L. 90–495, set out as a note below] and submitted to the Congress in 1970, and the functional classification study now underway of the Federal-aid systems in 1990.

“(b) As a part of the future highway needs report to be submitted to Congress in January 1972, the Secretary shall also make recommendations to the Congress for a continuing Federal-aid highway program for the period 1976 to 1990. The needs estimates to be used in developing such programs shall be in conformance with the functional classification studies referred to in subsection (a) of this section and the recommendations for the functional realinement required by such subsection.

“(c) The recommendations required by subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be determined on the basis of studies now being conducted by the Secretary in cooperation with the State highway departments and local governments, and, in urban areas of more than fifty thousand population, utilizing the cooperative continuing comprehensive transportation planning process conducted in accordance with section
134 of title
23, United States Code. The highway needs estimates prepared by the States in connection with this report to Congress shall be submitted to Congress by the Secretary, together with his recommendations.

“(d) As a part of the future highway needs report to be submitted to Congress on January 1972, the Secretary shall report to Congress the Federal-aid urban system as designated, and the cost of its construction.”

Pub. L. 89–139, § 3,Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578, which had required the submitting of a report to Congress every second year as to the estimates of the future highway needs of the Nation, and Pub. L. 90–495, § 17,Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 823, which had required that the report include the results of a systematic nationwide functional highway classification study, were repealed by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 160(b),Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2135.

Studies of Need for and Survey of Highway Construction Programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands

Pub. L. 90–495, § 29,Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 830, directed the Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with the government of Guam, the government of American Samoa, and the government of the Virgin Islands, to make studies of the need for, and estimates and planning surveys relative to, highway construction programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, and to submit a report to Congress on or before April 1, 1969.

Pub. L. 89–574, § 13,Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 770, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, § 2(a),Jan. 2, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, directed the Secretary, in cooperation with the government of Guam, the government of American Samoa, and the government of the Virgin Islands to make studies of the need for, and estimates and planning surveys relative to, highway construction programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, and to submit a report to Congress on or before July 1, 1967.

Report and Recommendations of Secretary of Commerce

Pub. L. 85–767, § 5,Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 921, directed Secretary of Commerce to submit to Congress not later than Feb. 1, 1959, a report on progress made in attaining objectives set forth in this section, together with recommendations.

Section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956

Act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title I, § 108(b),70 Stat. 378, as amended by Pub. L. 85–381, § 7(a),Apr. 16, 1958, 72 Stat. 93; Pub. L. 86–342, title I, § 102,Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611; Pub. L. 87–61, title I§ 103,June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122; Pub. L. 89–139, § 1,Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578; Pub. L. 89–574, § 2,Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 90–495, § 2,Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 91–605 title I, §§ 102,
106(b)(1),Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1714, 1716; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, § 102,Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, § 102(a),May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, § 102,Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689; Pub. L. 97–134, § 4(a), (b),Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1700; Pub. L. 97–327, § 2,Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§ 102,
127(a),Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097, 2117; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§ 104,
138,Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 142, 175; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, § 1001(f),Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 103–331, title III, § 335(c),Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2494, provided that: “For the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction, or improvement, inclusive of necessary bridges and tunnels, of the Interstate System, including extensions thereof through urban areas, designated in accordance with the provisions of [former] subsection (e) ofsection
103 of title 23, United States Code, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the additional sum of $1,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957, which sum shall be in addition to the authorization heretofore made for that year, the additional sum of $1,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, the additional sum of $2,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1960, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1961, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1962, the additional sum of $2,400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, the additional sum of $2,600,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, the additional sum of $2,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, the additional sum of $2,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, the additional sum of $3,400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, the additional sum of $3,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, the additional sum of $2,600,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1977, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, the additional sum of $3,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, the additional sum of $3,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, the additional sum of $3,100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1984, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1985, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1986, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1987, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1988, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1989, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1992, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1994, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995, and the additional sum of $1,800,000,000, reduced by the amount made available under section 1045(b)(1)(B) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–240, as amended by Pub. L. 103–331, title III, § 335(a),Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2494, which is not classified to the Code], for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize the appropriation of any sums to carry out sections
131,
136, or
319(b) of title
23, United States Code, or any provision of law relating to highway safety enacted after May 1, 1966. Beginning with funds authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1980, no such funds shall be available for projects to expand or clear zones immediately adjacent to the paved roadway of routes designed prior to February, 1967. Effective on and after the date of enactment of this sentence [Dec. 29, 1981], the obligation of funds authorized by this subsection, except for advance construction interstate projects approved before the date of enactment of this sentence, shall be limited to the construction necessary to provide a minimum level of acceptable service on the Interstate System which shall consist of (1) full access control; (2) a pavement design to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic anticipated for the twenty-year period from date of authorization of the initial basic construction contract; (3) essential environmental requirements; (4) a design of not more than six lanes (exclusive of high occupancy vehicle lanes) in rural areas and all urbanized areas under four hundred thousand population, and up to eight lanes (exclusive of high occupancy vehicle lanes) in urbanized areas of four hundred thousand population or more as shown in the 1980 Federal census; and (5) those high occupancy vehicle lanes (including approaches and all directly related facilities) included in the interstate cost estimate for fiscal year 1981. The obligation of funds authorized by this subsection shall be further limited to the actual costs of only those design concepts, locations, geometrics, and other construction features included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate, except in any case where the Secretary of Transportation determines that a provision of Federal law requires a different design, location, geometric, or other construction feature of a type authorized by this subsection. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including any other provision of this subsection, where a project is to be constructed (1) to provide parking garage ramps in conjunction with high occupancy vehicle lanes which flow into a distributor system emptying directly into ramps for off-street parking with preferential parking for carpools, vanpools, and buses and the ramps are part of an environmental mitigation effort and are designed to feed into an aerial walkway system, or (2) to provide a parking lot near the terminus of an Interstate System spur route which radiates from an Interstate System beltway which will be used as an intermodal transfer facility for a light rail transit project to be constructed in the median of the spur route and the parking lot is part of an environmental mitigation effort, or (3) to provide a parking garage and associated facilities as part of an intermodal transfer facility with a transit system near or within an Interstate System route right-of-way which will have direct and indirect access to the facility by way of local streets and the parking garage and associated facilities are part of an environmental mitigation effort, or (4) to provide for the comprehensive upgrading of existing high occupancy vehicle lanes, new ramps and parking facilities at mass transit intermodal transfer points on an existing Interstate System route which has temporary high occupancy vehicle lanes in the median and the parking facilities and ramps are part of an environmental mitigation effort, the costs of such parking garage ramps, parking lots, parking garages, associated interchange ramps, high occupancy vehicle lanes, and other associated work eligible under title 23, United States Code, shall be eligible for funds authorized by this subsection as if the costs for these projects were included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate and shall be included as eligible projects in any future interstate cost estimate. For purposes of this subsection, construction necessary to provide a minimum level of acceptable service on the Interstate System shall include, but not be limited to, any construction on the Interstate System which is required under a court order issued before the date of enactment of this sentence. Notwithstanding the fifth sentence of this subsection, the costs of a project which will upgrade an interstate route and will complete a gap on the Interstate System providing access to an international airport and which was described as the preferred alternative in a final environmental impact statement submitted to the Secretary of Transportation on September 30, 1983, shall be eligible for funds authorized by this subsection as if such costs were included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate and shall be included as eligible costs in any future interstate cost estimate, except that (1) such costs may be further developed in the design and environmental process under normal Federal-aid interstate procedures, and (2) the amount of such costs shall not include the portion of the project between High Street and Causeway Street.”

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, § 127(b),Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2118, provided that: “Notwithstanding the provisions of section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out above], the Secretary of Transportation may approve the expenditure of funds authorized under such section for the construction of a previously approved project which provides for improvements to and reconstruction of ramps and service roads which are being developed as part of a roadway system to relieve a severely congested segment on an Interstate route. Such expenditures shall be limited (1) to work necessary to provide more effective and safe operation of such Interstate route, and (2) to a section of an Interstate route which proceeded to construction contract prior to the date of enactment of such Act and which Interstate route, together with service roads, was constructed without the expenditure of any funds authorized by such section.”

Definitions of “Department”, “Interstate System”, “Secretary”, and “State” for Purposes of Certain Acts

“(1) Department.—The term ‘Department’ means the Department of Transportation.

“(2) Secretary.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Transportation.”

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1120(c),Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1192, provided that: “For the purposes of apportioning funds under sections
104, [former] 105, 130, [former] 144, and 206 of title 23, United States Code, and section
1404 [set out as a note under section
402 of this title], relating to the safe routes to school program, the term ‘State’ means any of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.”

“(1) Interstate system.—The term ‘Interstate System’ has the meaning such term has under section
101 of title
23, United States Code.

“(2) Secretary.—The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Transportation.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1103(n),June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 127, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, § 9002(c)(2),July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 835, provided that: “For the purposes of apportioning funds under sections
104, [former] 105, [former] 144, and 206 of title 23, United States Code, the term ‘State’ means any of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.”