CONTOH MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS TENTANG PENGERTIAN BAHASA

Indonesian is a national language we
are still growing. Because -wide influence in, a variety of things and also
elements that increase or change. People who do not follow the development of
Indonesian will surely miss. Assortment of linguistic problems that appear in
both the concerns word, phrase or sentence. Words and new terms appear to enrich
our vocabulary, word of even from
regional languages ​​carry a lot of problems because of its use or spelling
errors. Many errors in language use is not a good language. It proves that
language is not the language of the steady and the mistakes that led to many
forms but because it violates the rules. The more exceptions in a language, the
language that it is difficult to be learned easily. When the system of a
language is not steady because there is always a deviation from the rules, the
language difficult language to learn. certainly want to be able to use the language well, both in the use of
oral or written. Much more use of written language is not so easy because the
written language must be structured properly and should use the right word
meanings. In written language, no intonation, gestures, or expressions that the
speaker can help understand the use of language in supposing form or wording is
less regular. Therefore write should be
better than spoken language. In addition, the written language should also pay
attention to spelling and use of punctuation. Use punctuation errors can
obscure the meaning of a sentence or change the meaning so that it becomes
another of which are intended by the author. In order to master the language
well is necessary constant attention to the language. As an Indonesian, we can
feel proud of when we can use the Indonesian language properly because this
language is the language of our national property.

Chapter I
Discussion

a. Good language and correct
Often we hear the phrase "use the Indonesian language properly and
correctly". The labels of many reactions. First, people think that the
word is good and true in that phrase means or meaning of the same or identical.
Actually not! Precisely expression and the rights it gives to the user the
opportunity to use the language freely in accordance with and ability in
speaking. Let's review the meaning of the two words.
Good speaking is speaking according to the language environment in use. In this
case some of the factors to be decisive. First, people are talking. Second, in
talking to people. The third situation is the situation formal talks or
informal (casual). Fourth, the problem or topic of conversation. Some examples
will be presented as follows:
A teacher who deliver lessons in the
classroom to her students or a professor in the faculty of giving lectures to
students, should certainly use the formal language, commonly called the
standard language. The situation is a formal situation. The teacher would not
be able to use casual language, for example using Jakarta accent languages, or
dialects Ambon or Manado.
A person who writes a letter to a job applicant or a department of a company,
must also use the official standard language variety. So it is with a man who
writes articles for a newspaper. Da no choice porters at Tanjung Priok who
chatted with his fellow porters, would have to use a variety of language like
that they use among themselves. Pelabuan coolies language is certainly not the
raw variety, but the variety of casual language. Porters at Tanjung Priok port
in Jakarta dialect will generally use the word I and lu uptake, with ude and
Aje and not been or only.
Teenage children in Jakarta There may be conversing with using slang in their
environment as a marker of their identity and efforts to limit their
environment from external environment due to the use of slang, only those who
know what they are talking about, while outsiders do not understand .
If a scientist talking to his friend and fellow scientist who talked about
something they are related to a science, say math, aviation, monetary, they
certainly have to use a variety of standard language of science they are
talking about it. Appropriate language as described above is what is called a good
language, either because it fits with the situation. If we use a variety of
other languages ​​that are not in accordance with the situation, the language
we use is said to be a language that is not good. Correct language is the appropriate language to , rules, forms, and. If
the standard Indonesian language should be such that language written in the
books taught in grammar schools. In contrast, when using one dialect, the
dialect of Jakarta for example, to rigorously Jakarta language as used by natives
of Jakarta. That is what is meant by the word correctly.
So, we are not required to be all day with anyone official Indonesian language
variety. At home, we can talk using language like that we use in our family
environment. Usually the family is not the same in every language. We are also
not required to speak basic Indonesian rickshaw drivers. About we use a
standard language with them, then the language that we use language that is not
good even though it was true. b. Some basic rules of Indonesian
The role of primary language is as a transmitter of intent and feelings to
others. Viewed from this angle, it is also true when the language of a person
capable of undertaking them. However, given that the linguistic situation is
mixed, it is not always the correct language is good, or vice versa.
Adhering to the above restrictions, then there are two main requirements that
must be met by each user Indonesian language he uses so that was good and true.
Both terms are it is:
· First, understand well the rules of Indonesian · Second, to understand the true linguistic situation he faced.
Some Indonesian rule are:
1. The important word is mentioned or written first, then a new statement. Or
words that describe the front explained. With other Indonesian term
follow-explain the law explained.
Adhering to the law, it's clear wording such as Bali hotel, a little time, mini
bike, maximum power, this night, many thanks, and the like, is not that correct
. Such wording, namely that put something than the one described is the
arrangement of the Indo-German languages. In an effort to Indonesian language
is good and true arrangement like that should we leave. Thus the words we need
to change into, Bali hotel, a little, mini bike, maximum power, this prophecy,
and thank you very much. 2. Does not recognize changes in the noun form as a result To declare multiple or many, discuss Indonesia using word numbers, both
specific and non-specific numbers. Said specific numbers for example: two,
four, ten, and so on. While the number is not specified as: little, some, a
group, some partially and others. Besides the well known Indonesian certain
words that implies plural or many. Words such as: group, bond, joint, list,
union, unions, the, the, and so forth. Therefore, when there is one clue word
is plural, the noun that follows behind them or should not be repeated.
But now
it turns out that many abandoned the rule. Still often we find Indonesian users
using the wrong wording, such as:
1. Many children students who did not participate in the ceremony Monday
2. Not a bit of stolen goods
3. This is the list of students who participated CCN
4. A group of guests arrive at the meeting
5. The audience was asked to sit back
According to Indonesian rule, should be all that is behind all the words are
not in the plural instructions again.
So suffice it to say like:
1. Many children students who did not participate Monday ceremony
2. Not a bit of stolen goods
3. Here's a list of students who participated CCN
4. A group of guests at the meeting dating
5. The audience was asked to sit again
Because
the words and the audience at the last sentence was already showing a lot of
sense, it is quite in wearing one of them. Furthermore, because the audience
does not exist in the Indonesian language, so if we want to use the word, said
the assembly should be replaced with other words that mean the same show. For
example: the guests or invitees.
In the
words too often we get such arrangement: the alumni, the politicians, the
medisi, and so on. Because of the alumni, politicians, and have an
understanding medisi plural of alumnus, politicians, and Medikus, then
according to Indonesian rule correct, it should suffice to say: the alumnus or
alumni, politicians or politicians, the Medikus or medisi. Easy to guess that
the above arrangement is influenced by the indigenous language of the
Indo-German arrangement. At these languages ​​change noun plural word pointer
is a must. Because that was the prevailing regulations. As seen in the
following examples:
Single: one table, a book, a girl
Plural: two tables, many books, many girls

3. not know the extent of use
Indonesian
is the language that is democratic. He did not know the extent of use. Do not
know the verb form changes with respect to changes in people or subjects that
do the work. Unlike the case with indigenous-language local language support. In
the Java language, for example, the level of the existing language. It must be
understood correctly by every user's language if the language is said to want a
nice and polite. Java is a good language users always use the words that are
considered polite to the older interlocutor or higher degree or rank.
As a
result of the influence of the mother language support, many Indonesian users
from ethnic Javanese who slipped or put the words of the venerable Java
language support when they talk to the other person who is considered older or
of higher social status. For instance we often hear or sentences we read as
follows: 1. Top fathers, I do want to thank you
2. Before Kondur, fathers Dahar first
3. Because sultry, father Abdullah can not SOWAN
It is
clear that the sentences are not sentences Indonesian is good and right. Sentences
we call it more precisely as a hodgepodge. Indonesian sentence is a sentence
that uses elements of Indonesian development, good choice of words and
structures. In order for the sentences above be truly Indonesian phrase, it
should be changed to: 1. Upon arrival gentlemen, I thank you
2. Before going home, eating fathers first
3. Due to ill father Abdullah was unable to attend

C. errors are not realized
In the
speech, especially in writing, we often encounter the use of saying the wrong
words, wrong spelling, or incorrect formation. The error arises because the
language user does not realize the mistake he made. For example, words are
pronounced with the sound off guard pepet like the word correctly, loud, clear.
Katta Though it should be pronounced like the word tomorrow, bother, snub.
Talk of
new words in the Indonesian language as the word that gave rise to such post
graduate, post-harvest, post-surgery. Elements can not stand on its own post so
that it always appears together with the elements (words) else, instead of
Latin. We know the feast of the Passover in the Christian religion. Said post
has nothing to do with the word Easter. Kat post originated from ancient
Javanese language means after. Letter c in the word sounds the same post with
the words c installment, washing, searching. So, do not read or graduate as
well as other words that merged with the post.
One
example is one in which the formation of an adventure. If we want to open
Indonesian dictionary, we will find that the basic form of the above is the
wanderer. Child entries listed below are adventurous, adventurous, and
adventure. No other form, even adventure which is now widely used. So, it is
not true if we say or write that person love adventure. The truth is that people
love a good adventure in the sense of happy wandering, happy to go anywhere, or
even dare to do daring. Adventurous word which means people can not be given
prefix adventuring areas into an adventure because this word has no meaning
formation. Errors
as described above arises because users just mimic what is used by others, while he
himself did not who copied it wrong. Be use language because the language we
use that supports the idea that we want to reveal. Unfortunately if an
incorrect form later be grateful just because of high usage frequency.

D. Language which is not in accordance
with reason
Been a
long time we know that language is a human tool express feelings, desires, and
thoughts or opinions. Thus, a form of language that was born out of our mouths
in the form of spoken language or written language must be in writing in
accordance with what we feel or think. However, we often hear or read about the
sentences which if carefully investigated, not in accordance with reason. For
example:
Thanks to the expertise that already striker to replace Marco van Basten's era,
making a single goal to bring Inter Milan's 1-0 win over Lazio at the stadium
Gueiseppe Meaza.
The
first error is that it begins with the sentence occupying gatra function
stating reasons. But the direct parent sentence begins with the title of
"making a single goal", while the predicate gatra is not preceded by
the subject. If we ask, who made a goal? Then the answer is a striker. But in
the sentence above is said to be attributive striker or a description of the
skill.
The
second mistake, said replacing Marco van Basten era. Is it true that it is
replaced by striker Marco van Basten era? Is not being replaced Marco van
Basten himself? The third error is an expression of triumph may be more
appropriate if dibanti by giving Ambiguous sentence above can be replaced with:
· The striker, who has been named replace Marco van Basten is making a single
goal that gave victory to Inter Milan beat Lazio 1-0 at the stadium Gueiseppe
Meaza,
· Thanks to the expertise of the s crowned striker Marco van Basten to replace
it, it came to pass that creates a single goal victory over Lazio at Inter
Milan stadium Gueiseppe Meaza: 1-0 to Inter Milan.

CHAPTER 3
Conclusion

Determination
of criteria Indonesian or good and really was not much different from what we
say as a standard language. a word is really a word problem showing it.
However, both problems would not arrive at a sentence, but the nature of the
ineffectiveness of a sentence.
correctly on a word or a sentence is a view that is directed in terms of the rules
of language. A sentence or a word is considered correct if the formation of
these forms comply with the rules in force. Just as in the example "horse
eating grass". The sentence was due to meet a sentence rules, ie no
subject (horse), there is a predicate (eat), and also there is an object
(grass). This sentence also meet the rules of a sentence in terms of meaning,
that supports an information that can be understood by the reader. As with the
"horse eating grass". This sentence is true because there is a
subject, predicate, and object. However, in terms of meaning, this sentence is
not true because it does not support a good meaning. A
form of words to say absolutely that shows the correct formation according to
the applicable rules. Said activity is not really writing for the occurrence of
the word does not follow the rules of absorption that has been done. correct
formation is due to the activity of the absorbed activity. Good
sense on a word (formation) or sentence is directed view of the choice of words
(diction). In a meeting we can use a word which is in accordance with the
meeting so that the words written out or it will not create a sense of value
that is not in place. Choice of words to be used in a string of sentence is
very influential on the meaning of the sentence is presented. As
a conclusion, which is the correct language is the language which apply rules
consistently, while that is a good language is a language that has a proper
sense of values ​​and according to the situation of its usage.

Indonesian is a national language we
are still growing. Because -wide influence in, a variety of things and also
elements that increase or change. People who do not follow the development of
Indonesian will surely miss. Assortment of linguistic problems that appear in
both the concerns word, phrase or sentence. Words and new terms appear to enrich
our vocabulary, word of even from
regional languages ​​carry a lot of problems because of its use or spelling
errors. Many errors in language use is not a good language. It proves that
language is not the language of the steady and the mistakes that led to many
forms but because it violates the rules. The more exceptions in a language, the
language that it is difficult to be learned easily. When the system of a
language is not steady because there is always a deviation from the rules, the
language difficult language to learn. certainly want to be able to use the language well, both in the use of
oral or written. Much more use of written language is not so easy because the
written language must be structured properly and should use the right word
meanings. In written language, no intonation, gestures, or expressions that the
speaker can help understand the use of language in supposing form or wording is
less regular. Therefore write should be
better than spoken language. In addition, the written language should also pay
attention to spelling and use of punctuation. Use punctuation errors can
obscure the meaning of a sentence or change the meaning so that it becomes
another of which are intended by the author. In order to master the language
well is necessary constant attention to the language. As an Indonesian, we can
feel proud of when we can use the Indonesian language properly because this
language is the language of our national property.

Chapter I
Discussion

a. Good language and correct
Often we hear the phrase "use the Indonesian language properly and
correctly". The labels of many reactions. First, people think that the
word is good and true in that phrase means or meaning of the same or identical.
Actually not! Precisely expression and the rights it gives to the user the
opportunity to use the language freely in accordance with and ability in
speaking. Let's review the meaning of the two words.
Good speaking is speaking according to the language environment in use. In this
case some of the factors to be decisive. First, people are talking. Second, in
talking to people. The third situation is the situation formal talks or
informal (casual). Fourth, the problem or topic of conversation. Some examples
will be presented as follows:
A teacher who deliver lessons in the
classroom to her students or a professor in the faculty of giving lectures to
students, should certainly use the formal language, commonly called the
standard language. The situation is a formal situation. The teacher would not
be able to use casual language, for example using Jakarta accent languages, or
dialects Ambon or Manado.
A person who writes a letter to a job applicant or a department of a company,
must also use the official standard language variety. So it is with a man who
writes articles for a newspaper. Da no choice porters at Tanjung Priok who
chatted with his fellow porters, would have to use a variety of language like
that they use among themselves. Pelabuan coolies language is certainly not the
raw variety, but the variety of casual language. Porters at Tanjung Priok port
in Jakarta dialect will generally use the word I and lu uptake, with ude and
Aje and not been or only.
Teenage children in Jakarta There may be conversing with using slang in their
environment as a marker of their identity and efforts to limit their
environment from external environment due to the use of slang, only those who
know what they are talking about, while outsiders do not understand .
If a scientist talking to his friend and fellow scientist who talked about
something they are related to a science, say math, aviation, monetary, they
certainly have to use a variety of standard language of science they are
talking about it. Appropriate language as described above is what is called a good
language, either because it fits with the situation. If we use a variety of
other languages ​​that are not in accordance with the situation, the language
we use is said to be a language that is not good. Correct language is the appropriate language to , rules, forms, and. If
the standard Indonesian language should be such that language written in the
books taught in grammar schools. In contrast, when using one dialect, the
dialect of Jakarta for example, to rigorously Jakarta language as used by natives
of Jakarta. That is what is meant by the word correctly.
So, we are not required to be all day with anyone official Indonesian language
variety. At home, we can talk using language like that we use in our family
environment. Usually the family is not the same in every language. We are also
not required to speak basic Indonesian rickshaw drivers. About we use a
standard language with them, then the language that we use language that is not
good even though it was true. b. Some basic rules of Indonesian
The role of primary language is as a transmitter of intent and feelings to
others. Viewed from this angle, it is also true when the language of a person
capable of undertaking them. However, given that the linguistic situation is
mixed, it is not always the correct language is good, or vice versa.
Adhering to the above restrictions, then there are two main requirements that
must be met by each user Indonesian language he uses so that was good and true.
Both terms are it is:
· First, understand well the rules of Indonesian · Second, to understand the true linguistic situation he faced.
Some Indonesian rule are:
1. The important word is mentioned or written first, then a new statement. Or
words that describe the front explained. With other Indonesian term
follow-explain the law explained.
Adhering to the law, it's clear wording such as Bali hotel, a little time, mini
bike, maximum power, this night, many thanks, and the like, is not that correct
. Such wording, namely that put something than the one described is the
arrangement of the Indo-German languages. In an effort to Indonesian language
is good and true arrangement like that should we leave. Thus the words we need
to change into, Bali hotel, a little, mini bike, maximum power, this prophecy,
and thank you very much. 2. Does not recognize changes in the noun form as a result To declare multiple or many, discuss Indonesia using word numbers, both
specific and non-specific numbers. Said specific numbers for example: two,
four, ten, and so on. While the number is not specified as: little, some, a
group, some partially and others. Besides the well known Indonesian certain
words that implies plural or many. Words such as: group, bond, joint, list,
union, unions, the, the, and so forth. Therefore, when there is one clue word
is plural, the noun that follows behind them or should not be repeated.
But now
it turns out that many abandoned the rule. Still often we find Indonesian users
using the wrong wording, such as:
1. Many children students who did not participate in the ceremony Monday
2. Not a bit of stolen goods
3. This is the list of students who participated CCN
4. A group of guests arrive at the meeting
5. The audience was asked to sit back
According to Indonesian rule, should be all that is behind all the words are
not in the plural instructions again.
So suffice it to say like:
1. Many children students who did not participate Monday ceremony
2. Not a bit of stolen goods
3. Here's a list of students who participated CCN
4. A group of guests at the meeting dating
5. The audience was asked to sit again
Because
the words and the audience at the last sentence was already showing a lot of
sense, it is quite in wearing one of them. Furthermore, because the audience
does not exist in the Indonesian language, so if we want to use the word, said
the assembly should be replaced with other words that mean the same show. For
example: the guests or invitees.
In the
words too often we get such arrangement: the alumni, the politicians, the
medisi, and so on. Because of the alumni, politicians, and have an
understanding medisi plural of alumnus, politicians, and Medikus, then
according to Indonesian rule correct, it should suffice to say: the alumnus or
alumni, politicians or politicians, the Medikus or medisi. Easy to guess that
the above arrangement is influenced by the indigenous language of the
Indo-German arrangement. At these languages ​​change noun plural word pointer
is a must. Because that was the prevailing regulations. As seen in the
following examples:
Single: one table, a book, a girl
Plural: two tables, many books, many girls

3. not know the extent of use
Indonesian
is the language that is democratic. He did not know the extent of use. Do not
know the verb form changes with respect to changes in people or subjects that
do the work. Unlike the case with indigenous-language local language support. In
the Java language, for example, the level of the existing language. It must be
understood correctly by every user's language if the language is said to want a
nice and polite. Java is a good language users always use the words that are
considered polite to the older interlocutor or higher degree or rank.
As a
result of the influence of the mother language support, many Indonesian users
from ethnic Javanese who slipped or put the words of the venerable Java
language support when they talk to the other person who is considered older or
of higher social status. For instance we often hear or sentences we read as
follows: 1. Top fathers, I do want to thank you
2. Before Kondur, fathers Dahar first
3. Because sultry, father Abdullah can not SOWAN
It is
clear that the sentences are not sentences Indonesian is good and right. Sentences
we call it more precisely as a hodgepodge. Indonesian sentence is a sentence
that uses elements of Indonesian development, good choice of words and
structures. In order for the sentences above be truly Indonesian phrase, it
should be changed to: 1. Upon arrival gentlemen, I thank you
2. Before going home, eating fathers first
3. Due to ill father Abdullah was unable to attend

C. errors are not realized
In the
speech, especially in writing, we often encounter the use of saying the wrong
words, wrong spelling, or incorrect formation. The error arises because the
language user does not realize the mistake he made. For example, words are
pronounced with the sound off guard pepet like the word correctly, loud, clear.
Katta Though it should be pronounced like the word tomorrow, bother, snub.
Talk of
new words in the Indonesian language as the word that gave rise to such post
graduate, post-harvest, post-surgery. Elements can not stand on its own post so
that it always appears together with the elements (words) else, instead of
Latin. We know the feast of the Passover in the Christian religion. Said post
has nothing to do with the word Easter. Kat post originated from ancient
Javanese language means after. Letter c in the word sounds the same post with
the words c installment, washing, searching. So, do not read or graduate as
well as other words that merged with the post.
One
example is one in which the formation of an adventure. If we want to open
Indonesian dictionary, we will find that the basic form of the above is the
wanderer. Child entries listed below are adventurous, adventurous, and
adventure. No other form, even adventure which is now widely used. So, it is
not true if we say or write that person love adventure. The truth is that people
love a good adventure in the sense of happy wandering, happy to go anywhere, or
even dare to do daring. Adventurous word which means people can not be given
prefix adventuring areas into an adventure because this word has no meaning
formation. Errors
as described above arises because users just mimic what is used by others, while he
himself did not who copied it wrong. Be use language because the language we
use that supports the idea that we want to reveal. Unfortunately if an
incorrect form later be grateful just because of high usage frequency.

D. Language which is not in accordance
with reason
Been a
long time we know that language is a human tool express feelings, desires, and
thoughts or opinions. Thus, a form of language that was born out of our mouths
in the form of spoken language or written language must be in writing in
accordance with what we feel or think. However, we often hear or read about the
sentences which if carefully investigated, not in accordance with reason. For
example:
Thanks to the expertise that already striker to replace Marco van Basten's era,
making a single goal to bring Inter Milan's 1-0 win over Lazio at the stadium
Gueiseppe Meaza.
The
first error is that it begins with the sentence occupying gatra function
stating reasons. But the direct parent sentence begins with the title of
"making a single goal", while the predicate gatra is not preceded by
the subject. If we ask, who made a goal? Then the answer is a striker. But in
the sentence above is said to be attributive striker or a description of the
skill.
The
second mistake, said replacing Marco van Basten era. Is it true that it is
replaced by striker Marco van Basten era? Is not being replaced Marco van
Basten himself? The third error is an expression of triumph may be more
appropriate if dibanti by giving Ambiguous sentence above can be replaced with:
· The striker, who has been named replace Marco van Basten is making a single
goal that gave victory to Inter Milan beat Lazio 1-0 at the stadium Gueiseppe
Meaza,
· Thanks to the expertise of the s crowned striker Marco van Basten to replace
it, it came to pass that creates a single goal victory over Lazio at Inter
Milan stadium Gueiseppe Meaza: 1-0 to Inter Milan.

CHAPTER 3
Conclusion

Determination
of criteria Indonesian or good and really was not much different from what we
say as a standard language. a word is really a word problem showing it.
However, both problems would not arrive at a sentence, but the nature of the
ineffectiveness of a sentence.
correctly on a word or a sentence is a view that is directed in terms of the rules
of language. A sentence or a word is considered correct if the formation of
these forms comply with the rules in force. Just as in the example "horse
eating grass". The sentence was due to meet a sentence rules, ie no
subject (horse), there is a predicate (eat), and also there is an object
(grass). This sentence also meet the rules of a sentence in terms of meaning,
that supports an information that can be understood by the reader. As with the
"horse eating grass". This sentence is true because there is a
subject, predicate, and object. However, in terms of meaning, this sentence is
not true because it does not support a good meaning. A
form of words to say absolutely that shows the correct formation according to
the applicable rules. Said activity is not really writing for the occurrence of
the word does not follow the rules of absorption that has been done. correct
formation is due to the activity of the absorbed activity. Good
sense on a word (formation) or sentence is directed view of the choice of words
(diction). In a meeting we can use a word which is in accordance with the
meeting so that the words written out or it will not create a sense of value
that is not in place. Choice of words to be used in a string of sentence is
very influential on the meaning of the sentence is presented. As
a conclusion, which is the correct language is the language which apply rules
consistently, while that is a good language is a language that has a proper
sense of values ​​and according to the situation of its usage.