Cold War

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Transcript of Cold War

COLD WAR1945-19911.) Truman DoctrineJohn Fitzgerald Kennedy IMoon, SpaceMoon landingwhat am i staring at?Did i blink?Warsaw Pact (Communist nations joined) formed in response to NATONeil Armstrong This was the first "manned" moon landing, Kennedy did not live to see the US finish "the race to space" against the soviets."That's one small step for man,one giant leap for mankind"195819591961Cold war1960JFK Election19551948NASA formedFidel Castro leads a revolution in Cuba and sets up a Communist govt. He develops close ties with the Soviet UnionBerlin,Germany The Wall is Built1962- October-After the Berlin wall went up, the Soviets started sending long range missiles to Cuba, the world watched as the US was on the Brink of nuclear attack.American spy planes discovered missiles in CubaKennedy responds by sending ships to blockade USSR ships from bringing more weapons.US citizens waited in fear.Khrushchev agreed to remove the weapons from Cuba.Kennedy IIONLY THREE YEARS???Up against Nixon. JFK chose (LBJ) Lyndon, sen. of TX as his running mate. He did this to attract southern voters. Kennedy won the election by 120k of popular votes.DO NOWWhat does he mean by this? ExplainDo you agree or disagree?What is a "COLD WAR"?State of political & military tension after WWII.Western Bloc (USA)Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union)No large scale DIRECT fighting b/w the 2 sides.Regional war (Korea & Vietnam)Western VS Eastern BlocAmericanSoviet UnionFree electionsDemocraticCapitalist"Survival of the fittest"Richest World powerPersonal FreedomFreedom of mediaNo elections/or fixedAutocratic/DictatorCommunisticEveryone helps everyonePoor econ baseTotal censorship1939-1945During this time the USA & Soviet Union fought together against the AXIS powers.Tense Relationship (mistrust)Russia enters war late---millions dieResentment: WHY? Stalin & CommunismPROBLEMS:American interventionist approachSoviet expansionism in East.WWII ENDSYalta Conference February 4-11, 1945Joseph StalinSoviet UnionWinstin ChurchillBritish Prime MinisterFranklin D. Roosevelt U.S. PresidentAgendasUnited States1. Soviet support in the U.S.Pacific war against Japan.

2. Soviet Union participation in the UN Security Council.Soviet Union1. "The ? of Poland was one of honor"Eastern Poland (Soviet power)Western Poland (independent)2. We enter the WAR IF...US recognize Mongolian republic as indep. from China.US recognize Russian interest in Manchurian RRDeprivation of Japanese territoryGreat Britain1. Wanted free and democractic elections in the invaded territories after WWII.

(Poland: granted but NOT excersized by Stalin): GERMANYDO NOT ! I REPEAT DO NOT MAKE SAME MISTAKE!!! Versailles Treaty, 19191. Germany would undergo demilitarization & de-nazification.2. German reparations were partly to be in the form of forced labor.3. Stalin agreed that France would have 4th Occ. zone in Germany, but it would have to be formed out of US/GB zones.Potsdam Conference, July 1945Attended by:StalinChurchillTrumanTrumanSigned by:TrumanChurchillChange Kai-skekPotsdam Declaration:Proclamation Defining Terms Japanese Surrender"We will not deviate from them. There are no alternatives. We shall brook no delay."Terms of Surrender:Elimination of authority that mislead people into world quest.Territory limited to islands.DisarmamentJustice -> -> war crimes to be accounted forIndustry allowed as such that does not produce war materials.Fundamental democratic principles exercisedUNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER OR UTTER DESTRUCTIONNo mention of emperor (just authority)Truman:"expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth."What problems can you foresee with this division?1.2.3.4.Berlin div.Germany DividedWinston Churchill: "The Sinews of Peace"Study the P.C.What is the Artist trying to say about the political situation in Europe?US President Truman make the introduction.@ Westminster CollegeFulton, Missouri (pop 7,000)March 5th, 1946Crowd = 40,000"From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an IRON CURTAIN has descended across the continent."Goals for Post WarRebuild Europe's Democratic nations to Prevent the rise of Totalitarians.

Democracy for Poland & Eastern Europe.

Envisioned a world free markets & Capitalism.Occupy Eastern Europe with Total control.

Establish Satellite nations by the Soviet to balance the US western influence.

Keep Germany divided & weakSPREAD COMMUNISM!!!DO NOW: DO NOT SPEAK!!!It was discovered that there is a CHEATER

among us. Someone in here cheated on the last Common Assessment.On a notecard provided write down 2 classmates names, that you believed could have cheated on the test. The most frequently written names will automatically recieve a If you refuse to write down 2 names, you

will be considered the cheater, and will recieve a NO QUESTIONS!This ia a FAKE social experiment. Play along away.Preventing the Spread of Communism"CONTAINMENT"US wishes to "contain" the spread of Communism.The US referred to their foreign policy as "Containment." They used many measures in order to prevent the USSR from expanding its influence on the world such as-- aid $$$$$$$$$$$$ & war.The Truman Doctrine 3/1947ANY THOUGHTSExplain what you see in 3-5 sentences?(Primary Source Activity)Read the statement made by President Truman on communism and answer the following questions."The people of a number of countries of the world have recently had totalitarian

regimes forced upon them against their will. At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one.One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative gov't, free elections, individual liberty, freedom of speech & religion, and freedom from political oppression.The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror & oppression, a controlled press & radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.I believe that it must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic stability & orderly political process."An example of : "Containment"US provides aid to foreign countries fighting communism.Aid is provided to GREECE & TURKEY2.) Marshall PlanThe US provided $13 BILLION aid in the form of food & $$$ to rebuild Europe.Attempted to avoid economic crisis similar to post WWI.Attempt to stop the spread of Communism-Soviet REJECTS the aid.Truman Doctrine & the Marshall plan was Truman as, " the two halves of a walnut..."What do you think this meant?T.D. gave 400 million $$$ to support free peoples of the world.M.P. gave 13 billion $$$ to European nationsTHE BERLIN AIRLIFTAllies reunite4/1948-5/1949, Soviets block/hold West Berlin hostage by cutting off all supplies.America & Great Britain fly in supplies for 327 days & increase US superpower prestige.The Berlin Blockade Leads to fear of Soviet aggression & the creation of a defensive peace-time alliance!!!!!!!"McCarthyism"During the "Red Scare" the HUAC was created.House Committee on Un-American Activities-Responsible for seaching communits influense in US.Senator-Claimed that hundreds of commies were in the US with no proof-People are "blacklisted""McCarthyism"-It's meaning was an anti-communist fervor, reckless accusations, and guily by association.-Came to describe someone of being disloyal without evidence.William Faulkersaid, "Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There's only the question: When will be BLOWN UP?"THE COLD WARHeats Up!!!!!!Where is the Irony?1949: The Soviets detonate an Atom Bomb: How will this affect the world?Enter the Nuclear Arms RaceKorean War: 6/1950-7/1953Backed bt Soviet Union & ChinaBacked by US & UNPresidents: Truman & EisenhowerSoldiers: US provided 88% of soldiers to help S.K.Outcome: StalmateHow did the war begin?Background: Japan had controlled the Korean peninsula until 1945. After WWII, the US & Soviets divided Korea @ 38th parallel.(North Atlantic Treaty Org.)N. Korea: SovietsS. Korea: US1950-war begins when Communist N. invades S. in an attempt to reunite Korea under Communist ruleAs part of "containment" United Nations gets involved, led by US.-Communist China joins to stop UN.-Known as "SUPERPOWERS" the US & USSR were the only 2 nations who had the military, economic, & political strength to INFLUENCE worldwide events-Both sides build up military to with stand attack by each other- this period is known as the "Nuclear Arms Race"Captain American taking on the Red Guardian and the Supreme Soviets.Equally matched in many ways."Mutal Assured Destruction"-Both sides have so many nukes that no one will attack.AllianceAlliance1945- United Nations is created1st step: 1941 Inter-Allied Declaration"To work together, with other free people, both in war and peace."1952- Eisenhower (Ike) electedBaby Boom, T.V., and Rock n' Roll emergeTensions increased in the US when the USSR launched Sputnik I, the first space satellite (Nikita Khrushchev).

4 Oct 1957- The Race to Control Space was on...April 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin became first human in space and first to orbit Earth.

US felt a loss of prestige.

1947- CIA Formed(CIA campus)-An Intel Agency setup to gather strategic military and political information.-Information became vital to safe guard domestic security and foreign relationships. Sputnik ISputnik II orbited around the earth(National Aeronautical and Space Administration)Triggered by Sputnik II being launched, America poured millions $$$$ into improving education (math & science)196119611961- Bay of PigsKennedy's 1st goal as president was to overthrow Cuba's govt.April- the CIA planned an invasion along the shoreFailed immediately, as Cuba was able to kill 300 of the invaders (Cubans who were trained by America) and captured the rest.HUGE embarrassment for Kennedy and America

Why does having the Soviets giving Cuba missile make Americans extremely uneasy?19691963