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Southeast Region Southeast Region About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Natural GasPipelines in the Southeast Region Overview | Transportation to Atlantic & Gulf States | Gulf of Mexico Transportation Corridor | Transportation to the Northern Tier | Regional Pipeline Companies & Links Overview Twenty-three interstate, and at least eight intrastate, natural gaspipeline companies operate within the Southeast Region (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee). Fifteen of the twenty-one interstate natural gaspipelines originate in the Southwest Region and receive most of their supplies from the Gulf of Mexico or from the States of Texas and/or Louisiana.

Intrastate Natural GasPipeline Segment Intrastate Natural GasPipeline Segment About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Intrastate Natural GasPipeline Segment Overview Intrastate natural gaspipelines operate within State borders and link natural gas producers to local markets and to the interstate pipeline network. Approximately 29 percent of the total miles of natural gaspipeline in the U.S. are intrastate pipelines. Although an intrastate pipeline system is defined as one that operates totally within a State, an intrastate pipeline company may have operations in more than one State. As long as these operations are separate, that is, they do not physically interconnect, they are considered intrastate, and are not jurisdictional to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). More than 90 intrastate natural gaspipelines operate in the lower-48 States.

In-line inspection equipment is commonly used to examine a large portion of the long distance transmission pipeline system that transports natural gas from well gathering points to local distribution companies. A piece of equipment that is inserted into a pipeline and driven by product flow is called a ''pig''. Using this term as a base, a set of terms has evolved. Pigs that are equipped with sensors and data recording devices are called ''intelligent pigs''. Pipelines that cannot be inspected using intelligent pigs are deemed ''unpigable''. But many factors affect the passage of a pig through a pipeline, or the ''pigability''. The pigability pipeline extend well beyond the basic need for a long round hole with a means to enter and exit. An accurate assessment of pigability includes consideration of pipeline length, attributes, pressure, flow rate, deformation, cleanliness, and other factors as well as the availability of inspection technology. All factors must be considered when assessing the appropriateness of ILI to assess specific pipeline threats.

Pipelinesk > Development & Expansion Pipelinesk > Development & Expansion About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Natural GasPipeline Development and Expansion Timing | Determining Market Interest | Expansion Options | Obtaining Approval | Prefiling Process | Approval | Construction | Commissioning Timing and Steps for a New Project An interstate natural gaspipeline construction or expansion project takes an average of about three years from the time it is first announced until the new pipe is placed in service. The project can take longer if it encounters major environmental obstacles or public opposition. A pipeline development or expansion project involves several steps: Determining demand/market interest

Sample records for tennessee gas pipeline from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Gas Companies Program (Tennessee) Gas Companies Program (Tennessee) Gas Companies Program (Tennessee) < Back Eligibility Commercial Construction Developer Fuel Distributor General Public/Consumer Industrial Investor-Owned Utility Local Government Municipal/Public Utility Rural Electric Cooperative Utility Program Info State Tennessee Program Type Environmental Regulations Siting and Permitting Provider Tennessee Regulatory Authority The Gas Companies program is a set of rules that encourage the development of the natural gas industry in Tennessee. They empower gas companies to lay piped and extend conductors through the streets, lanes and alleys, of any town, city or village, as to produce the least possible inconvenience and to take up pavements and sidewalks provided that they shall repair the same

The United States relies on natural gas for one-quarter of its energy needs. In 2001 alone, the nation consumed 21.5 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. A large portion of natural gaspipeline capacity within the United States is directed from major production areas in Texas and Louisiana, Wyoming, and other states to markets in the western, eastern, and midwestern regions of the country. In the past 10 years, increasing levels of gas from Canada have also been brought into these markets (EIA 2007). The United States has several major natural gas production basins and an extensive natural gaspipeline network, with almost 95% of U.S. natural gas imports coming from Canada. At present, the gaspipeline infrastructure is more developed between Canada and the United States than between Mexico and the United States. Gas flows from Canada to the United States through several major pipelines feeding U.S. markets in the Midwest, Northeast, Pacific Northwest, and California. Some key examples are the Alliance Pipeline, the Northern Border Pipeline, the Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline, the TransCanada Pipeline System, and Westcoast Energy pipelines. Major connections join Texas and northeastern Mexico, with additional connections to Arizona and between California and Baja California, Mexico (INGAA 2007). Of the natural gas consumed in the United States, 85% is produced domestically. Figure 1.1-1 shows the complex North American natural gas network. The pipeline transmission system--the 'interstate highway' for natural gas--consists of 180,000 miles of high-strength steel pipe varying in diameter, normally between 30 and 36 inches in diameter. The primary function of the transmission pipeline company is to move huge amounts of natural gas thousands of miles from producing regions to local natural gas utility delivery points. These delivery points, called 'city gate stations', are usually owned by distribution companies, although some are owned by transmission companies. Compressor stations at required distances boost the pressure that is lost through friction as the gas moves through the steel pipes (EPA 2000). The natural gas system is generally described in terms of production, processing and purification, transmission and storage, and distribution (NaturalGas.org 2004b). Figure 1.1-2 shows a schematic of the system through transmission. This report focuses on the transmission pipeline, compressor stations, and city gates.

Sample records for tennessee gas pipeline from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This information product provides the interested reader with a broad and non-technical overview of how the U.S. natural gaspipeline network operates, along with some insights into the many individual pipeline systems that make up the network. While the focus of the presentation is the transportation of natural gas over the interstate and intrastate pipeline systems, information on subjects related to pipeline development, such as system design and pipeline expansion, are also included.

Western Region Western Region About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Natural GasPipelines in the Western Region Overview | Transportation South | Transportation North | Regional Pipeline Companies & Links Overview Ten interstate and nine intrastate natural gaspipeline companies provide transportation services to and within the Western Region (Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington), the fewest number serving any region (see Table below). Slightly more than half the capacity entering the region is on natural gaspipeline systems that carry natural gas from the Rocky Mountain area and the Permian and San Juan basins. These latter systems enter the region at the New Mexico-Arizona and Nevada-Utah State lines. The rest of the capacity arrives on natural gaspipelines that access Canadian natural gas at the Idaho and Washington State border crossings with British Columbia, Canada.

Central Region Central Region About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Natural GasPipelines in the Central Region Overview | Domestic Gas | Exports | Regional Pipeline Companies & Links Overview Twenty-two interstate and at least thirteen intrastate natural gaspipeline companies (see Table below) operate in the Central Region (Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming). Twelve interstate natural gaspipeline systems enter the region from the south and east while four enter from the north carrying Canadian supplies. The average utilization rates on those shipping Canadian natural gas tend to be higher than those carrying domestic supplies.

Southwest Region Southwest Region About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Natural GasPipelines in the Southwest Region Overview | Export Transportation | Intrastate | Connection to Gulf of Mexico | Regional Pipeline Companies & Links Overview Most of the major onshore interstate natural gaspipeline companies (see Table below) operating in the Southwest Region (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas) are primarily exporters of the region's natural gas production to other parts of the country and Mexico, while an extensive Gulf of Mexico and intrastate natural gaspipeline network is the main conduit for deliveries within the region. More than 56,000 miles of natural gaspipeline on more than 66 intrastate natural gaspipeline systems (including offshore-to-onshore and offshore Gulf of Mexico pipelines) deliver natural gas to the region's local natural gas distribution companies and municipalities and to the many large industrial and electric power facilities located in the region.

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The publication provides information on the total reserves, production, and deliverability capabilities of the 90 interstate pipeline companies. The gas supplies of interstate pipeline companies consist of the certificated, dedicated, recoverable, salable natural gas available from domestic in-the-ground reserves; gas purchased under contracts with other interstate pipeline companies; domestically produced coal gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and synthetic natural gas (SNG); and imported natural gas and LNG. The domestic in-the-ground reserves consist of company-owned reserves including natural gas in underground storage, reserves dedicated to or warranted under contracts with independent producers, and supplemental or short-term supplies purchased from independent producers and intrastate pipeline companies. To avoid duplicate reporting of domestic in-the-ground reserves, the volumes of gas under contract agreement between jurisdictional pipelines have been excluded in summarizing State and national reserves. Volumes contracted under agreements with foreign suppliers include pipeline imports from Canada and Mexico. 7 figs., 18 tabs.

Sample records for tennessee gas pipeline from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Sample records for tennessee gas pipeline from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This special report examines recent expansions tothe North American natural gaspipeline networkand the nature and type of proposed pipeline projects announced or approved for construction during the next several years in the United States. It includes those projects in Canada and Mexico that tie in with U.S. markets or projects.

This paper reports that construction is well under way on a pipeline to transport gas form the North Sea and Russia into the heart of Germany. Mitte Deutchland Anbindungs Leitung (Midal) gaspipeline, under construction for Winershall AG and partner Gazprom, the Russian state gas company, will extend more than 640 km from the North Sea coast to Ludwigshafen in Southwest Germany. en route, the line will make more than 100 river crossings. Midal will connect with the joint ventures' Sachesen-Thurigen-Erdgas Leitung (Stegal) pipeline, which moves Russian gas into eastern Germany and Wintershall's gas storage site at Rehden. Wintershall Erdgas Handelshaus GmbH, set up to manage the joint venture project, divided the pipeline route into six parts, hiring different contractors to lay each section.

PipelinesPipelines About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Natural Gas Import/Export Pipelines As of the close of 2008 the United States has 58 locations where natural gas can be exported or imported. 24 locations are for imports only 18 locations are for exports only 13 locations are for both imports and exports 8 locations are liquefied natural gas (LNG) import facilities Imported natural gas in 2007 represented almost 16 percent of the gas consumed in the United States annually, compared with 11 percent just 12 years ago. Forty-eight natural gaspipelines, representing approximately 28 billion cubic feet (Bcf) per day of capacity, import and export natural gas between the United States and Canada or Mexico.

Regulatory Authorities Regulatory Authorities About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates U.S. Natural Gas Regulatory Authorities Beginning | Regulations Today | Coordinating Agencies | Regulation of Mergers and Acquisitions Beginning of Industry Restructuring In April 1992, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued its Order 636 and transformed the interstate natural gas transportation segment of the industry forever. Under it, interstate natural gaspipeline companies were required to restructure their operations by November 1993 and split-off any non-regulated merchant (sales) functions from their regulated transportation functions. This new requirement meant that interstate natural gaspipeline companies were allowed to only transport natural gas for their customers. The restructuring process and subsequent operations have been supervised closely by FERC and have led to extensive changes throughout the interstate natural gas transportation segment which have impacted other segments of the industry as well.

Storage Storage About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Underground Natural Gas Storage Overview | Regional Breakdowns Overview Underground natural gas storage provides pipelines, local distribution companies, producers, and pipeline shippers with an inventory management tool, seasonal supply backup, and access to natural gas needed to avoid imbalances between receipts and deliveries on a pipeline network. There are three principal types of underground storage sites used in the United States today. They are: Â· depleted natural gas or oil fields (326), Â· aquifers (43), or Â· salt caverns (31). In a few cases mine caverns have been used. Most underground storage facilities, 82 percent at the beginning of 2008, were created from reservoirs located in depleted natural gas production fields that were relatively easy to convert to storage service, and that were often close to consumption centers and existing natural gaspipeline systems.

Natural gas transmission pipelines have proven to be a safe and efficient means for transporting the trillions of cubic feet of natural gas used annually in the United States. Since the peak of construction of these pipelines occurred between 1950 and the mid-1960s, their average age is now over thirty years. However, replacement of these pipelines because of age would be prohibitively expensive and unnecessary. Preventive maintenance and rehabilitation programs put into practice by the pipeline industry provides the key to ensuring the continued integrity of the transmission pipeline system. This article reviews the preventive maintenance practices commonly used by the gas industry. These practices include right-of-way patrols, corrosion control procedures, in-line inspection with intelligent or smart pigs that inspect the pipe while traveling through the inside of the pipe, direct access inspection of the pipe from bellhole excavations, and hydrostatic retesting of pipelines. When pipelines are properly maintained, these practices can ensure the integrity and long-term serviceability of transmission pipelines well into the 21st Century. 11 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.

Oil and Gas Program (Tennessee) Oil and Gas Program (Tennessee) Oil and Gas Program (Tennessee) < Back Eligibility Commercial Construction Fuel Distributor General Public/Consumer Industrial Installer/Contractor Investor-Owned Utility Municipal/Public Utility Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative Utility Program Info State Tennessee Program Type Environmental Regulations Siting and Permitting Provider Department Of Environment and Conservation The Oil and Gas section of the Tennessee Code, found in Title 60, covers all regulations, licenses, permits, and laws related to the production of natural gas. The laws create the Oil and Gas Board, composed of the commissioner of environment and conservation or the commissioner's designee, who shall act as chair, the designee of the commissioner of

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Evaluation of Natural GasPipeline Materials and Infrastructure for Hydrogen/Mixed Gas Service Retrofitting Existing NG Pipelines fro Hydrogen/Hythane Service New Pipeline Installation and ROW Lower South Carolina Electric and Gas University of South Carolina Praxair Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group

Samples of soil and other materials adhering to the outer and inner surfaces of pipeline coatings, and pieces of rupture pipe were studied to investigate causes of gas-carrying pipeline failures in Pakistan. Chemical analysis of the ruptured pipe shows the pipeline steel had no material flaw. X-ray diffraction studies of the soil reveal that it contains clay and nonclay minerals normally found. The material adhering to the coating facing the pipeline surface contains carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium, namely, nahcolite and trona. This study shows that nahcolite and trona, as products of cathodic protection that were then synthesized in the vicinity of the pipeline surface, could have attacked the pipe surface over the years and caused corrosion.

Natural GasPipeline Research: Best Practices in Monitoring Technology Energy Systems Research pipelines from outofstate supply basins located in the southwestern United States, the Rocky Mountains, and Canada. These pipelines run throughout the state, including underneath high population areas

EMAT-Based Inspection of Natural Gas EMAT-Based Inspection of Natural GasPipelines for Stress Corrosion Cracks FY2004 Report Venugopal K. Varma, Raymond W. Tucker, Jr., and Austin P. Albright Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 1 This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name,

A USSR-developed method for transporting natural gas in the form of hydrates increases pipeline transmission capacity by at least 3-4 times as compared to a conventional pipeline and reduces the specific capital investment since thin-walled carbon-steel pipes can be used instead of cryogenic-resistant ones. In the approach, natural gas in hydrate form is loaded into wheeled containers or capsules which are then propelled through a pipeline by compressed and cooled natural gas. The physical state of the gas hydrates is preserved during their transport by keeping the pressure between 715 and 285 psi (50 and 20 kg/sq cm) and the temperature between -40/sup 0/ and +14/sup 0/F (-40/sup 0/ and -10/sup 0/C).

Expansion of the U.S. Natural GasPipeline Network: Expansion of the U.S. Natural GasPipeline Network: Additions in 2008 and Projects through 2011 This report examines new natural gaspipeline capacity added to the U.S. natural gaspipeline system during 2008. In addition, it discusses and analyzes proposed natural gaspipeline projects that may be developed between 2009 and 2011, and the market factors supporting these initiatives. Questions or comments on this article should be directed to Damien Gaul at damien.gaul@eia.doe.gov or (202) 586-2073. Robust construction of natural gas infrastructure in 2008 resulted in the completion of 84 pipeline projects in the lower 48 States, adding close to 4,000 miles of natural gaspipeline. These completions of new natural gaspipelines and expansions of existing pipelines in the United States

Coal-derived medium btu gas can be safely transported by pipeline over moderate distances, according to this survey of current industrial pipeline practices. Although pipeline design criteria will be more stringent than for natural gaspipelines, the necessary technology is readily available.

The tables provide information on line pipe sizes, walls, grades, and manufacturing processes. Data are presented by manufacturer within each country. Also tabulated are engineering and construction service companies, crude oil pipeline companies, products pipeline companies, natural gaspipeline companies, gas distribution companies, and municipal gas systems in the US. There is also a Canadian and an international directory.

This publication provides information on the total reserves, production, and deliverability capabilities of the 91 interstate pipeline companies. The gas supplies of interstate pipeline companies consist of the certificated, dedicated, recoverable, salable natural gas available from domestic in-the-ground reserves; gas purchased under contracts with other interstate pipeline companies; domestically produced coal gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and synthetic natural gas (SNG); and imported natural gas and LNG. The domestic in-the-ground reserves consist of company owned reserves including natural gas in underground storage, reserves dedicated to or warranted under contracts with independent producers, and supplemental or short-term supplies purchased from independent producers and intrastate pipeline companies. To avoid duplicate reporting of domestic in-the-ground reserves, the volumes of gas under contract agreement between jurisdictional pipelines have been excluded in summarizing state and national reserves. Volumes contracted under agreements with foreign suppliers include pipeline imports from Canada and Mexico and LNG from Algeria. 7 figs., 18 tabs.

This publication provides information on the total reserves, production, and deliverability capabilities of 89 interstate pipeline companies. The gas supplies of interstate pipeline companies consist of the certificated, dedicated, recoverable, salable natural gas available from domestic in-the-ground reserves; gas purchased under contracts with other interstate pipeline companies; domestically produced coal gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), and synthetic natural gas (SNG); and imported natural gas and LNG. The domestic in-the-ground reserves consist of company-owned reserves including natural gas in underground storage, reserves dedicated to or warranted under contracts with independent producers, and supplemental or short-term supplies purchased from independent producers and intrastate pipeline companies. To avoid duplicate reporting of domestic in-the-ground reserves, the volumes of gas under contract agreement between jurisdictional pipelines have been excluded in summarizing state and national reserves. Volumes contracted under agreements with foreign suppliers include pipeline imports from Canada and Mexico and LNG from Algeria. 8 figs., 18 tabs.

Under contract to the General Electric Co. as a part of a DOE-sponsored program, the Energy Systems Analysis Group at the Institute of Gas Technology examined the following aspects of the high temperature gas reactor closed loop chemical energy pipeline concept: (1) pipeline transmission and storage system design; (2) pipeline and storage system cost; (3) methane reformer interface; and (4) system safety and environmental aspects. This work focuses on the pipeline and storage system concepts, pipeline size, compressor power, and storage facility requirements were developed for 4 different types of pipeline systems to obtain system cost estimates. Each pipeline system includes a synthesis-gaspipeline from the reformer to the methanator, a methane-rich gaspipeline from the methanator to the reformer, a water return line from the methanator to the reformer, and storage for the synthesis gas, methane-rich gas and water.

Design of new cheap aerial pipelines, a large flexible tube deployed at high altitude, for delivery of natural (fuel) gas, water and other payload over a long distance is delineated. The main component of the natural gas is methane which has a specific weight less than air. A lift force of one cubic meter of methane equals approximately 0.5 kg (1 pound). The lightweight film flexible pipeline can be located in air at high altitude and, as such, does not damage the environment. Using the lift force of this pipeline and wing devices payloads of oil, water, or other fluids, or even solids such as coal, cargo, passengers can be delivered cheaply at long distance. This aerial pipeline dramatically decreases the cost and the time of construction relative to conventional pipelines of steel which saves energy and greatly lowers the capital cost of construction. The article contains a computed project for delivery 24 billion cubic meters of gas and tens of million tons of oil, water or other payload per year.

Design of new cheap aerial pipelines, a large flexible tube deployed at high altitude, for delivery of natural (fuel) gas, water and other payload over a long distance is delineated. The main component of the natural gas is methane which has a specific weight less than air. A lift force of one cubic meter of methane equals approximately 0.5 kg (1 pound). The lightweight film flexible pipeline can be located in air at high altitude and, as such, does not damage the environment. Using the lift force of this pipeline and wing devices payloads of oil, water, or other fluids, or even solids such as coal, cargo, passengers can be delivered cheaply at long distance. This aerial pipeline dramatically decreases the cost and the time of construction relative to conventional pipelines of steel which saves energy and greatly lowers the capital cost of construction. The article contains a computed project for delivery 24 billion cubic meters of gas and tens of million tons of oil, water or other payload per year.

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This paper reports that burgeoning demand for gas is fueling pipeline construction in Eastern and Western hemispheres. In the East, the North Sea is the focal point for activity. And in the West, the U.S. gas market is the power behind construction. As predictions of U.S. gas demand increase, Canadian pipeliners adjust expansion plans to be ready to capture greater shares of markets. Canada's TransCanada Pipelines Ltd. is racing to step up its share of the U.S. market. TransCanada's Western Gas Marketing Ltd. sold 242.3 bcf of gas in the 3 months ended last June 30, a 9.8% increase from last year. TransCanada reported lower volumes sold into Canadian markets, while exports into the U.S. continued to rise. Gas Research Institute (GRI) projects Canadian gas exports to the U.S. by 2000 will reach 2 tcf/year and LNG exports 800 bcf/year. U.S. gas supplies could increase to 23.9 tcf/year by 2010, mostly from Lower 48 production. GRI says supplies from Canada will make up the balance. In the past 2 years, TransCanada has spent about $1 billion expanding its interprovincial main line system.

A study was made of the following aspects of the High Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) Closed Loop Chemical Energy Pipeline (CEP) concept: pipeline transmission and storage system design, pipeline and storage system cost, methane reformer interface, and system safety and environmental aspects. This paper focuses on the pipeline and storage system concepts. Pipeline size, compressor power, and storage facility requirements were developed for four different types of pipeline systems to obtain system cost estimates. Each pipeline system includes a synthesis-gaspipeline from the reformer to the methanator, a methane-rich gaspipeline from the methanator to the reformer, a water return line from the methanator to the reformer, and storage for the synthesis gas, methane-rich gas and water.

Additions in 2008 and Projects through 2011 - This report examines new natural gaspipeline capacity added to the U.S. natural gaspipeline system during 2008. In addition, it discusses and analyzes proposed natural gaspipeline projects that may be developed between 2009 and 2011, and the market factors supporting these initiatives.

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Overview and Links Overview and Links About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Regional Overviews and Links to Pipeline Companies Through a series of interconnecting interstate and intrastate pipelines the transportation of natural gas from one location to another within the United States has become a relatively seamless operation. While intrastate pipeline systems often transports natural gas from production areas directly to consumers in local markets, it is the interstate pipeline system's long-distance, high-capacity trunklines that supply most of the major natural gas markets in the United States. Of the six geographic regions defined in this analysis, the Southwest Region contains the largest number of individual natural gaspipeline systems (more than 90) and the highest level of pipeline mileage (over 106,000).

DOE announces its intent to prepare an EIS for the Acquisition of a Natural GasPipeline and Natural Gas Utility Service at the Hanford Site, Richland, Washington (Natural GasPipeline or NGP EIS), and initiate a 30-day public scoping period.

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Illinois GasPipeline Safety Act (Illinois) Illinois GasPipeline Safety Act (Illinois) Illinois GasPipeline Safety Act (Illinois) < Back Eligibility Commercial Utility Program Info State Illinois Program Type Safety and Operational Guidelines Provider Illinois Commerce Commission Standards established under this Act may apply to the design, installation, inspection, testing, construction, extension, operation, replacement, and maintenance of pipeline facilities. Whenever the Commission finds a particular facility to be hazardous to life or property, it may require the person operating such facility to take the steps necessary to remove the hazard. Each person who engages in the transportation of gas or who owns or operates pipeline facilities shall file with the Commission a plan for inspection and maintenance of each pipeline facility owned or operated by

Moves Forward on Alaska Natural GasPipeline Loan Moves Forward on Alaska Natural GasPipeline Loan Guarantee Program Energy Department Moves Forward on Alaska Natural GasPipeline Loan Guarantee Program May 26, 2005 - 1:03pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The Department of Energy tomorrow, Friday, May 27, will publish a Notice of Inquiry in the Federal Register seeking public comment on an $18 billion loan guarantee program to encourage the construction of a pipeline that will bring Alaskan natural gas to the continental United States. The pipeline will provide access to Alaska's 35 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gas reserves, and would be a major step forward in meeting America's growing energy needs and reducing our dependence on foreign sources of energy. It would also fulfill the Bush Administration's policy to bring Alaska's natural gas reserves to market.

Moves Forward on Alaska Natural GasPipeline Loan Moves Forward on Alaska Natural GasPipeline Loan Guarantee Program Energy Department Moves Forward on Alaska Natural GasPipeline Loan Guarantee Program May 26, 2005 - 1:03pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - The Department of Energy tomorrow, Friday, May 27, will publish a Notice of Inquiry in the Federal Register seeking public comment on an $18 billion loan guarantee program to encourage the construction of a pipeline that will bring Alaskan natural gas to the continental United States. The pipeline will provide access to Alaska's 35 trillion cubic feet of proven natural gas reserves, and would be a major step forward in meeting America's growing energy needs and reducing our dependence on foreign sources of energy. It would also fulfill the Bush Administration's policy to bring Alaska's natural gas reserves to market.

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The supply and demand schedules for gaspipeline companies are probabilistic in form and dynamistic in nature. These factors, along with the other uncertainties associated with gas supply investment decisions, must be considered in order to properly ...

An adjustable speed drive (ASD) offers opportunities to operate a gaspipeline in a more energy efficient manner. This report focuses on the appropriate system requirements and includes data used to determine those requirements. It also provides a business plan for progressively applying ASDs to a 600-mile section of gaspipeline in order to realize full energy savings and operational improvements.

Natural Gas Transportation Corridors Natural Gas Transportation Corridors About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Major Natural Gas Transportation Corridors Corridors from the Southwest | From Canada | From Rocky Mountain Area | Details about Transportation Corridors The national natural gas delivery network is intricate and expansive, but most of the major transportation routes can be broadly categorized into 11 distinct corridors or flow patterns. 5 major routes extend from the producing areas of the Southwest 4 routes enter the United States from Canada 2 originate in the Rocky Mountain area. A summary of the major corridors and links to details about each corridor are provided below. Corridors from the Southwest Region

The goal of this project is to develop a Virtual Pipeline System Testbed (VPST) for natural gas transmission. This study uses a fully implicit finite difference method to analyze transient, nonisothermal compressible gas flow through a gaspipeline system. The inertia term of the momentum equation is included in the analysis. The testbed simulate compressor stations, the pipe that connects these compressor stations, the supply sources, and the end-user demand markets. The compressor station is described by identifying the make, model, and number of engines, gas turbines, and compressors. System operators and engineers can analyze the impact of system changes on the dynamic deliverability of gas and on the environment.

The volume is the third part of a three part report submitted to the Petroleum Authority of Thailand. Part III examines the feasibility of constructing a gaspipeline from the Nam Phong gas field in the northeast region to the existing natural gaspipeline network in the central region. It contains information concerning the system analysis, route investigation and selection, the order of magnitude cost estimate and the economic and financial analysis.

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Process and Flow Process and Flow About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Transportation Process and Flow Overview | Gathering System | Processing Plant | Transmission Grid | Market Centers/Hubs | Underground Storage | Peak Shaving Overview Transporting natural gas from the wellhead to the final customer involves several physical transfers of custody and multiple processing steps. A natural gaspipeline system begins at the natural gas producing well or field. Once the gas leaves the producing well, a pipeline gathering system directs the flow either to a natural gas processing plant or directly to the mainline transmission grid, depending upon the initial quality of the wellhead product.

Network Configuration & System Design Network Configuration & System Design About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Network Configuration and System Design Overview | Transmission/Storage | Design Criteria | Importance of Storage| Overall Pipeline System Configuration Overview A principal requirement of the natural gas transmission system is that it be capable of meeting the peak demand of its shippers who have contracts for firm service. To meet this requirement, the facilities developed by the natural gas transmission industry are a combination of transmission pipelines to bring the gas to the market areas and of underground natural gas storage sites and liquefied natural gas (LNG) peaking facilities located in the market areas.

Offered is a new type of low-cost aerial pipeline for delivery of natural gas, an important industrial and residential fuel, and freshwater as well as other payloads over long distances. The offered pipeline dramatically decreases the construction and operation costs and the time necessary for pipeline construction. A dual-use type of freight pipeline can improve an arid rural environment landscape and provide a reliable energy supply for cities. Our aerial pipeline is a large, self-lofting flexible tube disposed at high altitude. Presently, the term "natural gas" lacks a precise technical definition, but the main components of natural gas are methane, which has a specific weight less than air. A lift force of one cubic meter of methane equals approximately 0.5 kg. The lightweight film flexible pipeline can be located in the Earth-atmosphere at high altitude and poses no threat to airplanes or the local environment. The authors also suggest using lift force of this pipeline in tandem with wing devices for cheap shipment of a various payloads (oil, coal and water) over long distances. The article contains a computed macroproject in northwest China for delivery of 24 billion cubic meter of gas and 23 millions tonnes of water annually.

Gas-fired power generation represents a major growth market for the natural gas industry; but the large, high pressure, highly variable loads required for individual power generators can be difficult to serve. This report, cosponsored by the Gas Research Institute and EPRI, is a design stage assessment of the engineering and costs of the pipelines needed to handle these types of loads.

Offered is a new type of low-cost aerial pipeline for delivery of natural gas, an important industrial and residential fuel, and freshwater as well as other payloads over long distances. The offered pipeline dramatically decreases the construction and operation costs and the time necessary for pipeline construction. A dual-use type of freight pipeline can improve an arid rural environment landscape and provide a reliable energy supply for cities. Our aerial pipeline is a large, self-lofting flexible tube disposed at high altitude. Presently, the term "natural gas" lacks a precise technical definition, but the main components of natural gas are methane, which has a specific weight less than air. A lift force of one cubic meter of methane equals approximately 0.5 kg. The lightweight film flexible pipeline can be located in the Earth-atmosphere at high altitude and poses no threat to airplanes or the local environment. The authors also suggest using lift force of this pipeline in tandem with wing devices for che...

Pipelines for the urban gas-supply system require a robot possessing outstanding mobility and advanced control algorithms, since they are configured with various pipeline elements, such as straight pipelines, elbows, and branches. We present a comprehensive ...

The AEO2007 reference case projects that an Alaska natural gaspipeline will go into operation in 2018, based on EIAs current understanding of the projects time line and economics. There is continuing debate, however, about the physical configuration and the ownership of the pipeline. In addition, the issue of Alaskas oil and natural gas production taxes has been raised, in the context of a current market environment characterized by rising construction costs and falling natural gas prices. If rates of return on investment by producers are reduced to unacceptable levels, or if the project faces significant delays, other sources of natural gas, such as unconventional natural gas production and LNG imports, could fulfill the demand that otherwise would be served by an Alaska pipeline.

Deliverability on the Interstate Natural GasPipeline System examines the capability of the national pipeline grid to transport natural gas to various US markets. The report quantifies the capacity levels and utilization rates of major interstate pipeline companies in 1996 and the changes since 1990, as well as changes in markets and end-use consumption patterns. It also discusses the effects of proposed capacity expansions on capacity levels. The report consists of five chapters, several appendices, and a glossary. Chapter 1 discusses some of the operational and regulatory features of the US interstate pipeline system and how they affect overall system design, system utilization, and capacity expansions. Chapter 2 looks at how the exploration, development, and production of natural gas within North America is linked to the national pipeline grid. Chapter 3 examines the capability of the interstate natural gaspipeline network to link production areas to market areas, on the basis of capacity and usage levels along 10 corridors. The chapter also examines capacity expansions that have occurred since 1990 along each corridor and the potential impact of proposed new capacity. Chapter 4 discusses the last step in the transportation chain, that is, deliverability to the ultimate end user. Flow patterns into and out of each market region are discussed, as well as the movement of natural gas between States in each region. Chapter 5 examines how shippers reserve interstate pipeline capacity in the current transportation marketplace and how pipeline companies are handling the secondary market for short-term unused capacity. Four appendices provide supporting data and additional detail on the methodology used to estimate capacity. 32 figs., 15 tabs.

National Labs to Strengthen Natural GasPipelines' Integrity, Reliability National Labs to Strengthen Natural GasPipelines' Integrity, Reliability DOE Receives 24 Proposals, Valued at Half Billion Dollars, For Technologies to Improve Power Plants, Cut Emissions MORGANTOWN, WV - To identify and develop advanced technology for the nation's natural gaspipelines, the Energy Department is calling upon the national labs to assist private industry in developing innovative technologies that establish a framework for future natural gas transmission and distribution systems. The laboratories will help 11 government-industry cost-shared projects, many of which center around detection devices designed to prevent pipeline damage, DOE selected earlier this year (see May 31, 2001, announcement). DOE estimates that natural gas consumption will increase by 60 percent by 2020, placing an unaccustomed demand on the U.S.'s aging natural gas infrastructure. The already-selected 11 projects address that need by demonstrating robotics and other sophisticated ways of bolstering strength, and, therefore, the integrity and reliability of the pipelines the crisscross the country.

To future production from southern republics of the former Soviet Union (FSU), construction and revitalization of pipelines are as important as the supply of capital. Export capacity will limit production and slow development activity in the region until new pipelines are in place. Plenty of pipeline proposals have come forward. The problem is politics, which for every proposal so far complicates routing or financing or both. Russia has made clear its intention to use pipeline route decisions to retain influence in the region. As a source of external pressure, it is not alone. Iran and Turkey also have made strong bids for the southern FSU`s oil and gas transport business. Diplomacy thus will say as much as commerce does about how transportation issues are settled and how quickly the southern republics move toward their potentials to produce oil and gas. The paper discusses possible routes and the problems with them, the most likely proposal, and future oil flows.

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Transmission Pipeline Intrastate Regulatory Act Transmission Pipeline Intrastate Regulatory Act (Florida) Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Intrastate Regulatory Act (Florida) < Back Eligibility Commercial Construction Developer Fuel Distributor Industrial Investor-Owned Utility Municipal/Public Utility Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative Systems Integrator Utility Program Info State Florida Program Type Safety and Operational Guidelines Provider Florida Public Service Commission The regulation of natural gas intrastate transportation and sale is deemed to be an exercise of the police power of the state for the protection of the public welfare. The Public Service Commission is empowered to fix and regulate rates and services of natural gas transmission companies, including, without limitation, rules and regulations for determining the

The United States has 11 distinct natural gaspipeline corridors: five originate in the Southwest, four deliver natural gas from Canada, and two extend from the Rocky Mountain region. This study assesses the potential to deliver hydrogen through the existing natural gaspipeline network as a hydrogen and natural gas mixture to defray the cost of building dedicated hydrogen pipelines.

22, 2004 22, 2004 Robot Successfully Inspects Live Natural GasPipeline in New York Field Test is a First for Natural Gas Industry BROCKPORT, NY - In a recent field demonstration filled with "firsts," a self-powered robot developed by the Northeast Gas Association, Carnegie Mellon University, and the Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory successfully inspected a mile of a live natural gas distribution main in Brockport, New York. Known as EXPLORER, the remote-controlled robot was launched and retrieved four times on October 8 with no interruption in customer service. The system successfully made its way through an 8-inch diameter pipeline owned and operated by Rochester Electric & Gas, and maneuvered several 70- to 90-degree bends.

Assessment of the Adequacy of Natural GasPipeline Capacity in the Assessment of the Adequacy of Natural GasPipeline Capacity in the Northeast United States - November 2013 Assessment of the Adequacy of Natural GasPipeline Capacity in the Northeast United States - November 2013 In 2005-06, the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) conducted a study on the adequacy of interstate natural gaspipeline capacity serving the northeastern United States to meet natural gas demand in the event of a pipeline disruption. The study modeled gas demand for select market areas in the Northeast under a range of different weather conditions. The study then determined how interstate pipeline flow patterns could change in the event of a pipeline disruption to one or more of the pipelines serving the region in order to meet the gas demand. The results

This special report looks at the use of natural gaspipeline compressor stations on the interstate natural gaspipeline network that serves the lower 48 States. It examines the compression facilities added over the past 10 years and how the expansions have supported pipeline capacity growth intended to meet the increasing demand for natural gas.

You are here You are here Home Â» GasPipeline Safety Rules (Alabama) GasPipeline Safety Rules (Alabama) < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Construction Fed. Government Fuel Distributor General Public/Consumer Industrial Installer/Contractor Institutional Investor-Owned Utility Local Government Low-Income Residential Multi-Family Residential Municipal/Public Utility Nonprofit Residential Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative Schools State/Provincial Govt Systems Integrator Transportation Tribal Government Utility Program Info State Alabama Program Type Safety and Operational Guidelines All public utilities and persons subject to this rule shall file with the commission an operating and maintenance plan as well as an emergency plan. All construction work involving the addition and/or the replacement of gas

percent increase in capacity additions (see percent increase in capacity additions (see Box, "Capacity Measures," p. 4). Indeed, less new natural gaspipeline mileage was added in 2005 than in any year during the past decade. 1 Energy Information Administration, Office of Oil and Gas, August 2006 1 In 2005, at least 31 natural gaspipeline projects of varying profiles 2 were completed in the lower 48 States and the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 3, Table 1). Of these, 15 were expansions (increases in capacity) on existing natural gaspipelines while the other 16 were 9 system extensions or laterals associated with existing natural gaspipelines, 5 new natural gaspipeline systems, and 2 oil pipeline conversions. Expenditures for natural gaspipeline development amounted to less than $1.3

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Natural gas, driven by pressure, is transported through pipeline network systems. As the gas flows through the network, energy and pressure are lost due to both friction between the gas and the pipes' inner wall, and heat transfer between the gas and ... Keywords: Compressor stations, Lower bounds, Natural gas, Nonconvex objective, Pipelines, Steady state, Transmission networks

As regulatory agencies encourage construction of transmission lines and gaspipelines along shared utility corridors, the likelihood of voltage and current coupling increases. Development of equations that determine the electrical characteristics of pipeline coatings will help utility engineers to accurately predict induced voltages and currents.

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This reference book presents data on an investigation into the mutual effects of electric power transmission lines and natural gas transmission pipelines sharing rights-of-way. Information is useful to both power and pipeline industry users.

This book illustrates the major advantages of synthetic pipelinegas from coal. Progress on many of the coal gasification projects envisioned over the past decade has been thwarted by regulatory, permitting, and financing delays. The rationale for developing a synthetic pipelinegas industry remains as strong as ever from the nation's viewpoint, and the pioneer US commercial scale high-Btu coal gasification plant is now under construction-the Great Plains coal gasification plant in North Dakota. Also, the US Synthetic Fuels Corporation is now operational and can move forward to provide the guarantees which are necessary to overcome the financial barriers to a commercial synfuels capability in the United States. Compared to other principal means of utilizing America's vast coal reserves, coal gasification uses coal and land more efficiently, uses less water, emits less air pollutants, requires less capital and results in a lower cost of energy to consumers. (DP)

Pipelines > Import/Export Location List Pipelines > Import/Export Location List About U.S. Natural GasPipelines - Transporting Natural Gas based on data through 2007/2008 with selected updates Currently, there are 58 locations at which natural gas can be exported or imported into the United States, including 9 LNG (liquefied natural gas) facilities in the continental United States and Alaska (There is a tenth U.S. LNG import facility located in Puerto Rico). At 28 of these locations natural gas or LNG currently can only be imported; while at 17 they may only be exported (1 LNG export facility is located in Alaska). At 13 of the 58 locations natural gas may, and sometimes does, flow in both directions, although at each of these sites the flow is primarily either import or export.

This paper analyses the value and cost of line-pack flexibility in liberalized gas markets through the examination of the techno-economic characteristics of gas transport pipelines and the trade-offs between the different ...

"Assessment of the Adequacy of Natural GasPipeline Capacity in "Assessment of the Adequacy of Natural GasPipeline Capacity in the Northeast United States" Report Now Available "Assessment of the Adequacy of Natural GasPipeline Capacity in the Northeast United States" Report Now Available November 27, 2013 - 3:13pm Addthis The Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability has released its "Assessment of the Adequacy of Natural GasPipeline Capacity in the Northeast United States" report. The report is now available for downloading. In 2005-06, the Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) conducted a study on the adequacy of interstate natural gaspipeline capacity serving the northeastern United States to meet natural gas demand in the event of a pipeline disruption. The study modeled gas demand for

Thad M. Adams Thad M. Adams Materials Technology Section Savannah River National Laboratory DOE Hydrogen Pipeline R&D Project Review Meeting January 5-6, 2005 Evaluation of Natural GasPipeline Materials for Hydrogen Service Hydrogen Technology at the Savannah Hydrogen Technology at the Savannah River Site River Site * Tritium Production/Storage/Handling and Hydrogen Storage/Handling since 1955 - Designed, built and currently operate world's largest metal hydride based processing facility (RTF) - DOE lead site for tritium extraction/handling/separation/storage operations * Applied R&D provided by Savannah River National Laboratory - Largest hydrogen R&D staff in country * Recent Focus on Related National Energy Needs - Current major effort on hydrogen energy technology

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7: Hanford Site Natural GasPipeline, Richland, WA 7: Hanford Site Natural GasPipeline, Richland, WA EIS-0467: Hanford Site Natural GasPipeline, Richland, WA Summary This EIS will evaluate the environmental impacts of a proposal to enter into a contract with a licensed natural gas supplier in Washington State to construct, operate, and maintain a natural gaspipeline. The pipeline would deliver natural gas to support the Waste Treatment Plant and the 242-A Evaporator operations in the 200 East Area of the Hanford Site. Public Comment Opportunities None available at this time. For more information, contact: Mr. Douglas Chapin, NEPA Document Manager U.S. Department of Energy Richland Operations Office P.O. Box 550, MSIN A5-11 Richland, WA 99352 Documents Available for Download January 23, 2012 EIS-0467: Notice of Intent to Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement and

The Electromagnetic and Conductive Coupling Analysis of Powerlines and Pipelines (ECCAPP) computer program provides an easy-to-use method for analyzing the effects of transmission lines on gaspipelines. The program models conductive and inductive interference, enabling electrical and gas engineers to identify these effects and design mitigation systems when necessary.

By technical-economic calculation of the gaspipeline network, the economic diameter can be determined and the project investment can be saved. According to the principle of value engineering, a mathematical model is constructed for technical-economic ... Keywords: value engineering, gaspipeline network, function analysis, technical-economic calculation

Energy Information Administration, Office of Oil and Gas, July 2008 1 U.S. natural gaspipeline construction activity accelerated in 2007 with capacity additions to the grid totaling nearly 14.9 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of daily deliverability (Figure 1). These additions were the largest of any year in the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) 10-year database of pipeline construction activity. The increased level of natural gaspipeline construction activity in 2007 conformed to a growth trend that began slowly in 2005 and intensified in 2006. In 2007, about 1,700 miles of pipeline were installed, which was greater than in any year since 2003 (Figure 2). The expansion cycle for natural gaspipeline construction is occurring at the same time as the development of the

Energy Information Administration, Office of Oil and Gas, July 2008 1 U.S. natural gaspipeline construction activity accelerated in 2007 with capacity additions to the grid totaling nearly 14.9 billion cubic feet (Bcf) of daily deliverability (Figure 1). These additions were the largest of any year in the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) 10-year database of pipeline construction activity. The increased level of natural gaspipeline construction activity in 2007 conformed to a growth trend that began slowly in 2005 and intensified in 2006. In 2007, about 1,700 miles of pipeline were installed, which was greater than in any year since 2003 (Figure 2). The expansion cycle for natural gaspipeline construction is occurring at the same time as the development of the

This special report looks at the capabilities of the national natural gaspipeline network in 2000 and provides an assessment of the current levels of available capacity to transport supplies from production areas to markets throughout the United States during the upcoming heating season. It also examines how completion of currently planned expansion projects and proposed new pipelines would affect the network.

This special report looks at the capabilities of the national natural gaspipeline network in 2000 and provides an assessment of the current levels of available capacity to transport supplies from production areas to markets throughout the United States during the upcoming heating season. It also examines how completion of currently planned expansion projects and proposed new pipelines would affect the network.

A field study was conducted to evaluate the use of electrochemical corrosion rate (ECR) probes for detecting corrosion in environments similar to those found in natural gas transmission pipelines. Results and interpretation will be reported from four different field tests. Flange and flush-mount probes were used in four different environments at a gas-gathering site and one environment but two different orientations at a natural gas plant. These sites were selected to represent normal and upset conditions in a gas transmission pipeline. The environments consisted of 2 different levels of humidified natural gas/organic/water mixtures removed from natural gas, and the environments at the 6 and 12 o'clock positions of a natural gaspipeline carrying 2-phase gas/liquid flow. Data are also presented comparing the ECR probe data to that for coupons used to determine corrosion rate and to detect the presence of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).

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Several techniques are available to determine the integrity of in situ metal pipeline but very little is available in the literature to determine the integrity of plastic pipelines. Since the decade of the 1970s much of the newly installed gas distribution and transmission lines in the United States are fabricated from polyethylene or other plastic. A probe has been developed to determine the in situ integrity of plastic natural gaspipelines that can be installed on a traversing mechanism (pig) to detect abnormalities in the walls of the plastic natural gaspipeline from the interior. This probe has its own internal power source and can be deployed into existing natural gas supply lines. Utilizing the capacitance parameter, the probe inspects the pipe for flaws and records the data internally which can be retrieved later for analysis.

Nondestructive evaluation of the gaspipeline system is most commonly performed using magnetic flux leakage (MFL) techniques. A major segment of this network employs seamless pipes. The data obtained From MFL inspection of seamless pipes is contaminated ...

Upper East Fork Poplar Creek OU-2 consists of the Abandoned Nitric Acid Pipeline. This pipeline was installed in 1951 to transport liquid wastes {approximately} 4,800 ft from Buildings 9212, 9215, and 9206 to the S-3 Ponds. Materials known to have been discharged through the pipeline include nitric acid, depleted and enriched uranium, various metal nitrates, salts, and lead skimmings. A total of nineteen locations were chosen to be investigated along the pipeline for the first phase of this Remedial Investigation. Sampling consisted of drilling down to obtain a soil sample at a depth immediately below the pipeline. Additional samples were obtained deeper in the subsurface depending upon the depth of the pipeline, the depth of the water table, and the point of auger refusal. The nineteen samples collected below the pipeline were analyzed by the Y-12 Plant laboratory for metals, nitrate/nitrite, and isotopic uranium. Samples collected from three boreholes were also analyzed for volatile organic compounds because these samples produced a response with organic vapor monitoring equipment. The results of the baseline human health risk assessment for the Abandoned Nitric Acid Pipeline contaminants of potential concern show no unacceptable risks to human health via incidental ingestion of soil, inhalation of dust, dermal contact with the soil, or external exposure to radionuclides in the ANAP soils, under the construction worker and/or the residential land-use scenarios.

The U.S. Department of Transportation's Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) is responsible for ensuring the safe, reliable, and environmentally sound operation of the nation's natural gas and hazardous liquid pipelines. Regulations adopted by PHMSA for gaspipelines are provided in 49 CFR 192, and spacing requirements for valves in gas transmission pipelines are presented in 49 CFR 192.179. The present report describes the findings of a scoping study conducted by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to assist PHMSA in assessing the safety impact of system valve spacing. Calculations of the pressures, temperatures, and flow velocities during a set of representative pipe depressurization transients were carried out using a one-dimensional numerical model with either ideal gas or real gas properties for the fluid. With both ideal gas and real gas properties, the high-consequence area radius for any resulting fire as defined by Stevens in GRI-00/0189 was evaluated as one measure of the pipeline safety. In the real gas case, a model for convective heat transfer from the pipe wall is included to assess the potential for shut-off valve failures due to excessively low temperatures resulting from depressurization cooling of the pipe. A discussion is also provided of some additional factors by which system valve spacing could affect overall pipeline safety. The following conclusions can be drawn from this work: (1) Using an adaptation of the Stephens hazard radius criteria, valve spacing has a negligible influence on natural gaspipeline safety for the pipeline diameter, pressure range, and valve spacings considered in this study. (2) Over the first 30 s of the transient, pipeline pressure has a far greater effect on the hazard radius calculated with the Stephens criteria than any variations in the transient flow decay profile and the average discharge rate. (3) Other factors besides the Stephens criteria, such as the longer burn time for an accidental fire, greater period of danger to emergency personnel, increased unavoidable loss of gas, and possible depressurization cooling of the shut-off valves may also be important when deciding whether a change in the required valve spacing would be beneficial from a safety standpoint. (4) The average normalized discharge rate of {lambda}{sub avg} = 0.33 assumed by Stephens in developing his safety criteria is an excellent conservative value for natural gas discharge at the pressures, valve spacings, and pipe diameter used in this study. This conclusion remains valid even when real rather than ideal gas properties are considered in the analysis. (5) Significant pipe wall cooling effects (T{sub w} pipeline rupture accident.

Expansion and Change on the U.S. Natural GasPipeline Network 2002 Expansion and Change on the U.S. Natural GasPipeline Network 2002 EIA Home > Natural Gas > Natural Gas Analysis Publications Expansion and Change on the U.S. Natural GasPipeline Network 2002 Printer-Friendly Version Expansion and Change on the U.S. Natural GasPipeline Network - 2002 Text Box: This special report looks at the level of new capacity added to the national natural gaspipeline network in 2002 and the current capability of that network to transport supplies from production areas to U.S. markets. In addition, it examines the amount of additional capacity proposed for development during the next several years and to what degree various proposed projects will improve the deliverability of natural gas to key market areas. Questions or comments on the contents of this article should be directed to James Tobin at james.tobin@eia.doe.gov or (202) 586-4835. james.tobin@eia.doe.gov

Imports & Exports / Pipelines Imports & Exports / Pipelines U.S. Imports by Country Prices and volumes (monthly, annual). U.S. Exports by Country Prices and volumes (monthly, annual). U.S. Imports & Exports by State Prices and volumes (annual). U.S. Imports by Point of Entry Prices and volumes (annual). U.S. Exports by Point of Exit Prices and volumes (annual). International & Interstate Movements of Natural Gas Includes International and Interstate receipts, deliveries and net reciepts by State (annual). Natural Gas Weekly Update Analysis of current price, supply, and storage data; and a weather snapshot. Natural Gas Monthly U.S. production, supply, consumption, disposition, storage, imports, exports, and prices. Natural Gas Basics Analysis of Natural Gas Imports/Exports & Pipelines

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The mechanical properties of submerged arc weldment (SAW) in gas transportation pipeline steel of grade API X65 (65 ksi yield strength) were investigated. This steel is produced by thermo mechanical control rolled (TMC), and is largely used in Iran gas piping systems and networks. The results from laboratory study on three different regions; i.e. base metal (BM), fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) were used to compare weldment mechanical characteristics with those specified by API 5L (revision 2004) standard code. Different laboratory experiments were conducted on test specimens taken from 48 inch outside diameter and 14.3 mm wall thickness gaspipeline. The test results showed a gradient of microstructure and Vickers hardness data from the centerline of FZ towards the unaffected MB. Similarly, lower Charpy absorbed energy (compared to BM) was observed in the FZ impact specimens. Despite this, the API specifications were fulfilled in three tested zones, ensuring pipeline structural integrity under working conditions.

As negative pressure wave is applied to leak detection and location of natural gaspipeline, the key is how to realize accurate measurement of propagation velocity of pressure wave and time difference. However, there exists problem of lower accuracy ... Keywords: natural gaspipeline, leak detection and location, negative pressure wave, wavelet transform, singularity detection

Ophir Corporation was awarded a contract by the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory under the Project Title ''Airborne, Optical Remote Sensing of Methane and Ethane for Natural GasPipeline Leak Detection'' on October 14, 2002. The scope of the work involved designing and developing an airborne, optical remote sensor capable of sensing methane and, if possible, ethane for the detection of natural gaspipeline leaks. Flight testing using a custom dual wavelength, high power fiber amplifier was initiated in February 2005. Ophir successfully demonstrated the airborne system, showing that it was capable of discerning small amounts of methane from a simulated pipeline leak. Leak rates as low as 150 standard cubic feet per hour (scf/h) were detected by the airborne sensor.

This paper is a report on the evaluation of the use of electrochemical corrosion rate probes to detect internal corrosion in natural gas transmission pipeline environments. Flange and flush-mount probes were used in four different environments at three different sites that were selected to represent normal and upset conditions in a gas transmission pipeline. The environments consisted of humidified natural gas, organic/water mixtures removed from natural gas, and the environments at the 6 and 12 o'clock positions of a natural gaspipeline carrying multiphase gas/liquid flow. This paper will summarize and extend results presented previously and add additional data. A re-analysis of previously-reported data will be presented along with the results of physical examinations on the probes. New data on the measurement of corrosion in multiphase gas/liquid environments and for coupons used to determine corrosion rate and to detect the presence of microbiologically-influenced corrosion (MIC) will also be presented.

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Oil production from Alaskan North Slope oil fields has steadily declined. In the near future, ANS crude oil production will decline to such a level (200,000 to 400,000 bbl/day) that maintaining economic operation of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) will require pumping alternative products through the system. Heavy oil deposits in the West Sak and Ugnu formations are a potential resource, although transporting these products involves addressing important sedimentation issues. One possibility is the use of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) technology. Estimated recoverable gas reserves of 38 trillion cubic feet (TCF) on the North Slope of Alaska can be converted to liquid with GTL technology and combined with the heavy oils for a product suitable for pipeline transport. Issues that could affect transport of this such products through TAPS include pumpability of GTL and crude oil blends, cold restart of the pipeline following a prolonged winter shutdown, and solids deposition inside the pipeline. This study examined several key fluid properties of GTL, crude oil and four selected blends under TAPS operating conditions. Key measurements included Reid Vapor Pressure, density and viscosity, PVT properties, and solids deposition. Results showed that gel strength is not a significant factor for the ratios of GTL-crude oil blend mixtures (1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4) tested under TAPS cold re-start conditions at temperatures above - 20 F, although Bingham fluid flow characteristics exhibited by the blends at low temperatures indicate high pumping power requirements following prolonged shutdown. Solids deposition is a major concern for all studied blends. For the commingled flow profile studied, decreased throughput can result in increased and more rapid solid deposition along the pipe wall, resulting in more frequent pigging of the pipeline or, if left unchecked, pipeline corrosion.

This study, conducted by Enron Engineering and Construction Company, was funded by the US Trade and Development Agency. The study provides detailed information concerning natural gas demand in Turkey and Southern Europe. The purpose of the study is to estimate the rate at which new gas can be absorbed in the Turkish market and be re-exported to the markets in Europe, as well as to forecast Turkish natural gas demand for the period up to 2020. The study also evaluates gas demand and pricing for the market in the 2002--2005 time frame. This is Volume 1 of a 3-volume report, and is divided into the following sections: (1) Task A: Gas Sales; (2) Task B: Initial Economic Screening; (3) Task D: Project Cost Analysis.

This paper is an interview with a representative of a local natural gas distribution company, giving his opinion of the economic effects of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC) Order 636. This regulation provides that all natural gas, pipelines, and local gas distribution companies (LDC's) contract and manage their own supply and demand sales and purchases. The goal of the legislation was to provide a stable natural gas market which would allow for long term contract sales of natural gas. This paper discusses the economic and business impacts this regulation will have on LDC's which use to spot market purchase the majority of their gas from lowest price suppliers. The end result of this regulation would reduce the available of easily accessible spot market gas and require LCD's to begin negotiating their own contracts.

Pipeline trade in natural gas between Asian Russia and Northeast Asia is receiving serious attention from the governments and companies central to the projects that might evolve. Such trade has become possible during the past 5 years because of improvements in relations between China and Russia. Prospects for a long-distance pipeline are enhanced by the possibility of extending deliveries of Russian gas to Korea and Japan to supplement imports by those countries of liquefied natural gas. Korea and Japan have expressed interest in participating in a Russia-China pipeline. But their approaches differ greatly and would require careful coordination. Furthermore, participation by western companies would be essential. A 2 year study by the Royal Institute of International Affairs examined Japanese and Korean views about energy needs and possible sources of supply. The study included a survey of 32 energy organizations in those countries. This article reviews the gas potential of Asian Russia, describes events that have brought attention to those resources as a possible source of supply to Northeast Asia, and summarizes findings of the survey.

Sample records for tennessee gas pipeline from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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A field study was conducted to evaluate the use of automated, multi-technique electrochemical corrosion-rate monitoring devices and probes for detecting corrosion in environments similar to those found in natural gas transmission pipelines. It involved measurement of real-time corrosion signals from operating pipelines. Results and interpretation were reported from four different field test locations. Standard flush-mount and custom flange probes were used in four different environments at a gas-gathering site and one environment but two different probe orientations at a natural gas site. These sites were selected to represent normal and upset conditions common in gas transmission pipelines. The environments consisted of two different levels of humidified natural gas, liquid hydrocarbon, and water from natural gas. Probe locations included the 6 and 12 o?clock positions of a natural gaspipeline carrying 2-phase gas/liquid flow. The probe data was monitored using completely remote solar powered systems that provided real-time data transmission via wireless back to a pipeline control station. Data are also presented comparing the ECR probe data to that for coupons used to determine corrosion rate and to detect the presence of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).

A.G.A. Project PR-15-613, conducted under the sponsorship of the Pipeline Committee (PRC), involved two phases. This final report for the overall project combines both of the separate phase reports into a single document. The project was entitled ''Compilation of Emissions Data for Stationary Reciprocating Engines and Gas Turbines in Use by the GasPipeline Transmission Industry (Update).'' The purpose of this project was to update the 1980 edition of the Compilation of Emissions Data. Phase I involved collection of emissions data from companies in the natural gas industry and from gas engine manufacturers and recommending engine and gas turbine models for testing under Phase II. Phase I was completed in March 1987 and the findings and recommendations were included in an interim report. Phase II involved emissions testing of a number of reciprocating engines and gas turbines. Phase II was completed in April 1988 and the findings are included in this project final report. 9 refs., 5 tabs.

Concepts for the development of a model to predict natural gas transmission pipeline lifetime in a corrosive environment are constructed. Primarily, the effects of environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) are explored. Tensile test specimens from a sample of API 5L X-52 pipeline were tested in a simulated groundwater solution and subsequently analyzed. The results suggested that the simulated environment ultimately reduced the ductility of the test specimens; however, no evidence of ??classical?? stress corrosion crack morphology was discovered. However, corrosion pits up to 0.75 mm (0.03 in) were revealed during metallographic analysis. A Marin factor analogy and an energy method concept are suggested and explored. Ultimately, the test data set was too small for the results to be of any directly applicable significance.

Gas transmission pipelines are susceptible to both internal (gas side) and external (soil side) corrosion attack. Internal corrosion is caused by the presence of salt laden moisture, CO{sub 2}, H{sub 2}S, and perhaps O{sub 2} in the natural gas. Internal corrosion usually manifests itself as general corrosion. However, the presence of chlorides in entrained water also can lead to pitting corrosion damage. The electrochemical noise technique can differentiate general from localized corrosion and provide estimates of corrosion rates without external perturbation of the corroding system. It is increasingly being applied to field and industrial installations for in situ corrosion monitoring. It has been used here to determine its suitability for monitoring internal and external corrosion damage on gas transmission pipelines. Corrosion measurements were made in three types of environments: (1) aqueous solutions typical of those found within gaspipelines in equilibrium with th e corrosive components of natural gas; (2) biologically-active soils typical of wetlands; and (3) a simulated, unpressurized, internal gas/liquid gaspipeline environment. Multiple sensor designs were evaluated in the simulated pipe environment. Gravimetric measurements were conducted in parallel with the electrochemical noise measurements to validate the results.

This publication compiles the available exhaust emission data for stationary reciprocating engines and gas turbines used by the natural gaspipeline transmission industry into a single, easy-to-use source. Data in the original issue and the revisions were obtained from projects sponsored by the A.G.A. PRC and from inhouse projects within a number of the A.G.A. member companies. Additional data included in this reissue were obtained from additional emissions measurement projects sponsored by the A.G.A. PRC, and from A.G.A. member companies and natural gas engine manufacturers.

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Ophir Corporation was awarded a contract by the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory under the Project Title ''Airborne, Optical Remote Sensing of Methane and Ethane for Natural GasPipeline Leak Detection'' on October 14, 2002. This six-month technical report summarizes the progress for each of the proposed tasks, discusses project concerns, and outlines near-term goals. Ophir has completed a data survey of two major natural gaspipeline companies on the design requirements for an airborne, optical remote sensor. The results of this survey are disclosed in this report. A substantial amount of time was spent on modeling the expected optical signal at the receiver at different absorption wavelengths, and determining the impact of noise sources such as solar background, signal shot noise, and electronic noise on methane and ethane gas detection. Based upon the signal to noise modeling and industry input, Ophir finalized the design requirements for the airborne sensor, and released the critical sensor light source design requirements to qualified vendors. Responses from the vendors indicated that the light source was not commercially available, and will require a research and development effort to produce. Three vendors have responded positively with proposed design solutions. Ophir has decided to conduct short path optical laboratory experiments to verify the existence of methane and absorption at the specified wavelength, prior to proceeding with the light source selection. Techniques to eliminate common mode noise were also evaluated during the laboratory tests. Finally, Ophir has included a summary of the potential concerns for project success and has established future goals.

Tennessee Waltz is a collection of short stories, set in Memphis, Tennessee, about the lives of three characters, a mother, daughter, and grandmother. These stories raise a series of questions: What is absolute? What is ...

This document contains H.R. 432, A Bill to amend chapter 601 of title 49, United States Code, to improve natural gas and hazardous liquid pipeline safety, in response to the natural gaspipeline accident in Edison, New Jersey, and for other purposes. This Bill was introduced in the House of Representatives, 104th Congress, First Session, January 5, 1995.

Ophir Corporation was awarded a contract by the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory under the Project Title ''Airborne, Optical Remote Sensing of Methane and Ethane for Natural GasPipeline Leak Detection'' on October 14, 2002. This second six-month technical report summarizes the progress made towards defining, designing, and developing the hardware and software segments of the airborne, optical remote methane and ethane sensor. The most challenging task to date has been to identify a vendor capable of designing and developing a light source with the appropriate output wavelength and power. This report will document the work that has been done to identify design requirements, and potential vendors for the light source. Significant progress has also been made in characterizing the amount of light return available from a remote target at various distances from the light source. A great deal of time has been spent conducting laboratory and long-optical path target reflectance measurements. This is important since it helps to establish the overall optical output requirements for the sensor. It also reduces the relative uncertainty and risk associated with developing a custom light source. The data gathered from the optical path testing has been translated to the airborne transceiver design in such areas as: fiber coupling, optical detector selection, gas filters, and software analysis. Ophir will next, summarize the design progress of the transceiver hardware and software development. Finally, Ophir will discuss remaining project issues that may impact the success of the project.

This bill would further amend the Natural GasPipeline Safety Act of 1968 and the Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act of 1979 to authorize appropriations for fiscal years 1992 and 1993. The bill authorizes $5,562,000 as appropriations for the Natural GasPipeline Safety Act and $1,391,000 as appropriations for the Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Safety Act for fiscal year ending September 30, 1992 and such sums as may be necessary for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993.

A possible future course of action is for pipelines to continue their efforts to provide new services with FERC approval. Over time, pipelines could satisfy power generators by giving them the flexibility and services they desire and for which they are willing to pay. Another possibility is that FERC will enact new rules governing regional electricity markets that would function similarly to nationwide business practices. (author)

This report addresses complex common corridor coupling problems for overhead electric power transmission lines and buried natural gaspipelines. Volume 1 describes the development of analytic methods for solving such problems and presents field data used in verification efforts. Volume 2 is a handbook for graphic analysis designed for use by field personnel or others without access to a computer. Volume 3 is a user's guide for the PIPELINE computer code.