Step 'N Out is a research study designed to examine the potential of a new approach to address the re-entry needs of offenders who have substance abuse issues, one which integrates the systems of supervision and treatment.
The study is a randomized clinical trial which enrolls subjects who are new to supervision. Those who are in the treatment arm of the study meet with their probation officer weekly for 12 weeks, with every other meeting including a treatment counselor. The PO and counselo... (more info)

Step 'N Out is a research study designed to examine the potential of a new approach to address the re-entry needs of offenders who have substance abuse issues, one which integrates the systems of supervision and treatment.
The study is a randomized clinical trial which enrolls subjects who are new to supervision. Those who are in the treatment arm of the study meet with their probation officer weekly for 12 weeks, with every other meeting including a treatment counselor. The PO and counselor have been trained to use motivational interviewing and collaborative behavioral techniques to explore the client's personal issues and triggers that may hamper his/her successful re-entry into the community. The probation officer and counselor work with the client to establish weekly recovery and social goals in the form of a written contract that enables the client to take responsibility for their own actions and decisions. In addition, the variables in this study generally cover topics on drug use and testing; demographics and criminal background; treatment programs and sessions; and finally, relationships between clients and their parole/probation officers.

Special Collaborators on this study include the following centers: Connecticut Research Center (Connecticut Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services),
Mid-Atlantic Research Center (University of Delaware, Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies),
Pacific Coast Research Center (UCLA, Criminal Justice Research Group at Integrated Substance Abuse Programs), and
Virginia Commonwealth University.

Methodology

Study Purpose:
There are five main aims of the Collaborative Behavioral Management program. The first aim is to negotiate realistic goals and objectives for the period of supervision/treatment. The second aim is to gain better control over clients' behavior by setting clear expectations at the beginning of the intervention and applying consistent, quick, and appropriate consequences (either positive or negative) for evidence that the client is or is not meeting those expectations. The third aim is to "Catch People Doing Things Right." The fourth aim is to instill a sense of procedural justice and decrease the perception that the system is unfair. The fifth aim is to sustain behavior change beyond the period of reinforcement, that is, after the intervention is complete.

Extent of Processing: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of
disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major
statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to
these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

# Times Entered Inpatient TX
11. How many TIMES before now have you ever been in a substance abuse treatment program?
[DO NOT INCLUDE NA, CA, OR AA]
-IF "0", SKIP TO Q12
-IF "1" OR MORE, ASK:
a. Tell me how many TIMES you have ever been in each type of treatment program?
[RECORD ANSWERS IN "DRUG TREATMENT CHART"]
1. Inpatient treatment (in a hospital setting)

# Times Entered Residential TX
11. How many TIMES before now have you ever been in a substance abuse treatment program?
[DO NOT INCLUDE NA, CA, OR AA]
-IF "0", SKIP TO Q12
-IF "1" OR MORE, ASK:
a. Tell me how many TIMES you have ever been in each type of treatment program?
[RECORD ANSWERS IN "DRUG TREATMENT CHART"]
2. Residential/Therapeutic community

# Times Entered Other Institutional TX
11. How many TIMES before now have you ever been in a substance abuse treatment program?
[DO NOT INCLUDE NA, CA, OR AA]
-IF "0", SKIP TO Q12
-IF "1" OR MORE, ASK:
a. Tell me how many TIMES you have ever been in each type of treatment program?
[RECORD ANSWERS IN "DRUG TREATMENT CHART"]
3. Other institutional treatment (such as VA
or state hospital or in-prison program)

# Times Entered Outpatient TX
11. How many TIMES before now have you ever been in a substance abuse treatment program?
[DO NOT INCLUDE NA, CA, OR AA]
-IF "0", SKIP TO Q12
-IF "1" OR MORE, ASK:
a. Tell me how many TIMES you have ever been in each type of treatment program?
[RECORD ANSWERS IN "DRUG TREATMENT CHART"]
4. Outpatient

# Times Entered Outpatient Methadone TX
11. How many TIMES before now have you ever been in a substance abuse treatment program?
[DO NOT INCLUDE NA, CA, OR AA]
-IF "0", SKIP TO Q12
-IF "1" OR MORE, ASK:
a. Tell me how many TIMES you have ever been in each type of treatment program?
[RECORD ANSWERS IN "DRUG TREATMENT CHART"]
5. Outpatient methadone

# Times Entered Other TX (1)
11. How many TIMES before now have you ever been in a substance abuse treatment program?
[DO NOT INCLUDE NA, CA, OR AA]
-IF "0", SKIP TO Q12
-IF "1" OR MORE, ASK:
a. Tell me how many TIMES you have ever been in each type of treatment program?
[RECORD ANSWERS IN "DRUG TREATMENT CHART"]
6. Other? (specify)

Age 1st Admission to Inpatient TX
11. How many TIMES before now have you ever been in a substance abuse treatment program?
[DO NOT INCLUDE NA, CA, OR AA]
-IF "0", SKIP TO Q12
-IF "1" OR MORE, ASK:
a. Tell me how many TIMES you have ever been in each type of treatment program?
[RECORD ANSWERS IN "DRUG TREATMENT CHART"]
ASK b & c ONLY FOR TREATMENTS WITH "1" OR MORE ADMISSIONS:
[RECORD ANSWERS IN "DRUG TREATMENT CHART"]
b. How old were you the first time you entered 1. Inpatient treatment (in a hospital setting)?

Months Treated in Inpatient TX
11. How many TIMES before now have you ever been in a substance abuse treatment program?
[DO NOT INCLUDE NA, CA, OR AA]
-IF "0", SKIP TO Q12
-IF "1" OR MORE, ASK:
a. Tell me how many TIMES you have ever been in each type of treatment program?
[RECORD ANSWERS IN "DRUG TREATMENT CHART"]
ASK b & c ONLY FOR TREATMENTS WITH "1" OR MORE ADMISSIONS:
[RECORD ANSWERS IN "DRUG TREATMENT CHART"]
c. Altogether, how many months have you been treated in 1. Inpatient treatment (in a hospital setting)?