Note: Solomon received a permit to establish a yeshiva in Landau 6/21/1397. He is sometimes referenced as Solomon Landau or simply Solomon "Salman der Juden Kindermeister zu Speyer" (Solomon the Jewish teacher from Speyer). Jun 2, 1427 his mother Vergentlin secured a renewal of privilege for his yeshiva, Solomon with his wife, children and servants. Thus it looks like he returned to Landau (from Speyer?), as his name is missing from 1401, 1403, 1406, 1407 privileges

Note: wiki: Saul Wahl "Lithuanian Prince Nicholas Radziwill, surnamed Sierotka, desiring to do penance for the many atrocities he had committed while a young man, undertook a pilgrimage to Rome.. Radziwill found himself destitute and penniless in the city of Padua, Italy. His appeals for help were not heeded, and his story of being a prince was received with scorn and ridicule. He finally decided to appeal to Samuel Judah Katzenellenbogen, the rabbi of Padua.. The rabbi then gave him a picture of his son Saul, who years before had left for Poland.. he discovered Saul in that of Brest-Litovsk and was so captivated by the brilliancy and depth of Saul's intellect that he took him to his own castle, provided for all his wants, and supplied him with all possible means for study and investigation. The noblemen who visited Radziwill's court marveled at the wisdom and learning of the young Jew, and thus the fame of Saul spread throughout Poland.. When King Stefan Batory died in 1586, the people of Poland were divided into two factions: the Zamoyskis and the Zborowskis.. The name "Wahl" was given him from the German word Wahl (meaning "election"). Traditions disagree as to the length of his reign. Some state that he ruled one night only; others make it a few days. All, however, are agreed that Saul succeeded in passing a number of very wise laws, and among them some that tended to ameliorate the condition of the Jews in Poland. Although this story can not be supported by any historical data, it gained a firm place in the belief of the people.."

Note: wiki "Solomon Luria, one of the great Ashkenazicposkim (decisors of Jewish law) and teachers of his time. He is known for his work of Halakha, Yam Shel Shlomo, and his Talmudic commentary Chochmat Shlomo. Luria is also referred to as Maharshal מהרש"ל (Hebrew abbreviation: Our Teacher, Rabbi Solomon Luria), or Rashal רש"ל (Rabbi Solomon Luria).. Luria studied in Lublin under Rabbi Shalom Shachna (below) and later in the Ostroh yeshiva under Kalonymus Haberkasten (above) he later married Lipka, daughter of Rabbi Kalonymus. Students in the yeshiva included Joshua Falk. The Maharshal served as Rabbi in Brisk and various Lithuanian communities for 15 years. When Haberkasten assumed the position of rosh yeshiva in Brisk, Luria replaced him as the official rabbi of the city and region of Ostroh. Luria later succeeded Shalom Shachna as head of the famed Lublin Yeshiva, which attracted students from all over Europe. Due to various internal problems in the yeshiva, he opened his own yeshiva. The building known as the "Maharshal's shul" remained intact until WW-II.."

Note: MosesIsserles (ReMA) on JE: "Polish rabbi, code annotator, and philosopher; born at Cracow about 1520; died there May 1, 1572. His
father was a rich and prominent Talmudist, and it may be concluded from the terms "ha-kazin" and"ha-parnes" which his son applies to him (preface to "Mehir Yayin"), that he was the chief of the
community. Isserles studied in his native city, and then under Shalom Shekna, rabbi of Lublin, whose
son-in-law he became. Among his fellow pupils were his relative Solomon Luria (MaHaRShaL) above, and
Hayyim b. Bezaleel Loeb, who later was his opponent. Isserles returned to Cracow about 1550, when he
established a large yeshibah and, being a wealthy man, supported his pupils at his own cost. Three years
later he was ordained rabbi and was named one of the three dayyanim to form the rabbinate of Cracow,
which community had as yet no chief rabbi ("ab bet din"). In 1556, when the plague ravaged Cracow, Isserles went to Szydlowiec, where he wrote his "Mehir Yayin."While still young Isserles was recognized
as an authority in rabbinical matters.. As early as 1550 his relative Meïr Katzenellenbogen of Padua, a man
of eighty years, had applied to him to use his influence in forbidding the unlawful printing in Poland of the"Mishneh Torah," which was causing Katzenellenbogen heavy loss. Isserles in ten responsa defended the
interests of the aged rabbi of Padua.."

Note: Eleasar "The Gaon Reb Elozor was born in 1758 Stanislow, Poland. His father R' Arye Leib was a
grandson of the baal Ateres Poz of Lask and at a young age Elozor was sent to his grandfather's yeshivah.."

Miriam (Beila, Baila) ISSERLES Died: 1617 + Pinchus (Pinkhas) HOROWITZ Born: 1535 in Prague,
Bohemia. Died: 1618 in Cracovie, Poland Father: Yisroel HorowitzMother: OrtillaSternGrandfather:
Aharon Meshulam Zalmen HorowitzG-grandfather: Yeshaya Halevy Horowitz of Prague, who had another son Shabtai Sheftel, father of Avraham, father of Yeshaya (1570-1626), author of 'Shnei Lukhot Habrit", and known by the abbreviation of that book as the "Sheloh". davidicdynasty

Note: wiki "German Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the renaissance of European Jews, Haskalah, (the Jewish enlightenment) is indebted. For some he was the third Moses (the other two being the Biblical lawgiver and Moses Maimonides) heralding a new era in the history of the Jewish people. For others, his ideas led towards assimilation, loss of identity for Jews and the dilution of traditional Judaism.. Susanna (see Itzig family) married David Friedlander banker, writer and communal leader, joint founder of the Jewish Free School in Berlin, who employed Moses Mendelssohn in his silk factory, and founded the bank of 'Mendelssohn and Friedländer' with Moses's son, Joseph" OR both Moses Mendelssohn and Daniel Itzig are direct descendants of the famous scholar Rabbi Moses Isserles of Krakow (1520-1572)

Note: on wiki "..In 1797 Abraham went to study banking in Paris at the behest of his brother Joseph, who had formed the banking house of Mendelssohn and Friedlaender in association with Daniel Itzig's grandson, Moses (see Friedländer family). French life did not appeal to him. In 1804 Abraham married Lea in Hamburg, .. In 1804, Abraham Mendelssohn became a partner in his brother Joseph's banking company. The cooperation lasted until 1822. The private bank which later was renamed into Mendelssohn & Co., existed on the Jägerstraße in Berlin from 1815 until the end of 1938, when it was liquidated under Nazis pressure..

Note: wiki".. Pianist and conductor of the early Romantic period.. His work includes symphonies, concerti, oratorios, piano and chamber music. After a long period of relative denigration due to changing musical tastes and antisemitism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, his creative originality is now being recognized and re-evaluated. He is now among the more popular composers of the Romantic era..ORFelix Mendelssohn & Bach

Rabbi Avram (Abraham) Yehoshua HESHELBorn: 1596 Died: 1663 R. of Cracow wrote the probation on Demesek Eliezer, head of the Vaad Arba Aratzot, Council of the Four Lands + Dina WAHLKATZNELLENBOGEN*see also above

Note: From a study of the various children and grandchildren of Shaul Wahl (above), it seems that Moshe Rivkas’ mother Telza was a daughter of Shaul Wahl’s son Meir Katzenellenbogen and was born about 1580 when her father was aged about 15. Telza was about 16 years of age when she gave birth to Moshe Rivkas in 1596 davidicdynasty

Note: JE 24 son of Solomon Spira and grandson of Nathan Nata Spira (No. 23): In 1617 he was called to the rabbinate of Cracow, where, being well-to-do, he refused to accept a salary. He was gifted with an extraordinary memory, and devoted much time to the study of the Cabala. He wrote a cabalistic commentary on the prayer of Moses in Deut. iii. 24, and two prayers, under the title "Megalleh 'Amukkot" (Cracow, 1637; Fürth, 1691). He published also novellæ to Alfasi's work which were printed with it (Amsterdam, 1720). Bibliography: Azulai, l.c. i. 148;De Rossi-Hamberger, l.c. p. 301;Steinschneider, l.c. col. 2049;Zunz, Monatstage, p. 41;Zedner, l.c. p. 610;I. M. Zunz, 'Ir ha-Zedek, pp. 52, 176 (contains Spira's epitaph)

Note: JE1, JEref, wikipedia "Samuel ben Nathan Ha-Levi Loew (Kelin) (also Lōw or Löw Hebrew: שמואל בן נטע הלוי קעלין; ca. 1720 - 1806) was a Talmudist and Halakhist (authority on Jewish law), son of "Naṭe" ha-Levi (נטע = from Nathan) born in Kolin, Bohemia. For nearly 60 years he presided over a yeshiva at Boskovice.. His works were published under the name Machatsith haShekel.." OR "..The case history of Samuel Kolin of Prossnitz [Prostějov] in Moravia tells clearly enough why. Kolin was a cloth-trader who came to that small-town Jewish settlement from Bohemia in 1752 in order to marry..".. One was the son of Samuel Kolin, who bore the German name Veith Ehrenstamm*below. In the middle 1780s this son responded to the disaster of his father's ruin.."

rabbi Wolf Binyamin BOSKOWITZ Born: 1740 occupation: *ref. Ga'on, Author of "Seder Mishnah", briefly rabbi in Pest from 1795-96, one of the most acute talmudic scholars of his time and the head of some of larger yeshivot in Moravia & Hungary, delivered the sermon at his father's funeral (Ma’amar Esther, Ofen, 1837). Died: 1818*ref., friend of rabbi Moshe Sofer *any relation to Boskowitz families on Krochmal page ?

R' Shlomo JE 25 (Solomon) SPIRA Born: 1616 Died: 1648 slain by the Cossacks under Chmielnicki. Son of Nathan Nata Spira (No. 24). He was rabbi of Satanow, and edited, together with his brother Moses, the work "Megalleh 'Amukkot," to which he wrote additions and a preface. Bibliography: Fuenn, l.c. p. 66.E. C.M
+ (?)

R' Avraham Abba SPIRA or SHAPIRA
*"..Slavuta printing press founded in 1791 by R. Moses Shapiro son of the Zaddik R. Phinehas b. Abraham of Korets. Later Moses two sons Samuel Abba and Phinehas took over the press"
& (?)

Simkha BUNIM + (?) same as? "..Rabbi Simkha Bunim hailed Rabbi Yehudah (Maharal) as his teacher par excellence, whose writings had greatly enriched his own religious faith. He went on pilgrimages to the Maharal's grave and even expressed the hope that he might be privileged to study under him in the spirit-world after death

Note: JE 14 Son of Nathan Nata Spira (No. 23): died at Worms 1630. He was chairman of the rabbinical college at Pinsk, and later rabbi at Worms. He is mentioned in the responsa (No. 88) of MaHaRaM of Lublin (above), and in the responsa collection "Hut ha-Shani," § 22. Bibliography: Friedberg, Luhot Zikkaron, p. 59;kobel 'al Yad, iii. 5, Berlin, 1887;Friedberg, l.c. p. 6.

Note: JE 12 Rabbi and scholar of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; born at Grodno; died in Lublin 1623. He was principal of a large yeshibah at Kowlo, whence he went to Cracow and became identified there with the publication of his father's "Imre Shefer." While engaged upon this work he accepted a call as rabbi to Lublin, and the uncompleted work of his father's was taken to Venice, where it was published in 1583 under the title "Bi'urim." On account of the misrepresentations which were circulated in Venice re garding the contents of this work Isaac found himself compelled to forbid its further sale in that city; and in 1586 he issued a new edition in Lublin. Bibliography: Fürst, Bibl. Jud. iii. 372;Friedberg, Marganita Shappira, pp. 4-6.

JE 20 R' Nathan ben Isaac SPIRA "ABD Lublin" Died: 1652 in Lublin. grandson of Nathan Spira of Grodno.
Cabalist and rabbi A.B.D. of Lublin in the seventeenth century;. He edited and published the Zohar (Lublin, 1623), to which he added a commentary. Bibliography: Friedberg, l.c. p. 6.E. C.S. O.

same? JE 15 Israel ben Nathan Spira Died: 1700 (known also as Israel ha-Darshan): scholar, rabbi, and preacher of the seventeenth century;. While still young he was called to Kalisz in Poland, where he founded a large school which soon became famous. Among his most prominent pupils were Jehiel Michael Segal and Selig Margolioth. Israel was the author of "Bet Yisrael," a commentary on the "Hilkot Shehitah," of which 201 paragraphs appeared in Berlin in 1726. Appended thereto was a second work. "Bet Perez," a commentary on the treatise Megillah which he wrote in honor of his son-in-law. Bibliography: Benjacob, Ozar ha-Sefarim, p. 74;Friedberg, l.c. pp. 7-10

JE 19Menahem Zion b. Meïr Spira: a native probably of Speyer. He wrote in 1430 "Ziyyuni" (Cremona, 1560), a cabalistic commentary on the Pentateuch, prefaced by a song for the Sabbath and enumerating the labors forbidden on that day. Bibliography: Steinschneider, Cat. Munich, codices 68, 76.;Landshuth. l.c. p. 193;Zunz, S. P. p. 110;idem, Literaturgesch. p. 523.E. C.M. K.JE 11Isaac Kohen-Spira: Died: in 1582 at Cracow. son of David Kohen-Spira. officiated as rabbi in Cracow, was the father-in-law of Rabbi Meïr Lublin. He had a namesake and contemporary, Isaac Kohen-Spira, who was probably rabbi at Kreminiec, and afterward at Cracow. Bibliography: Frankel, Zeitschrift, iii. 386; Ha-Karmel, xii. 658; J. B. R., Bemerkungen zu I. M. Zunz Ir ha-Zedek, p. 18, Brody, 1878.E. C.M. K.JE 9Isaac Spira: Died: March 16, 1711 in Lemberg. son of Eliezer Spira. wrote "Elef ha-Magen" (notes on the four ritual codices), printed by his son Nathan Spira (Zolkiev, 1732). JE 17Jacob Kohn - Spira: son of Isaac Spira. lived at Lemberg in the seventeenth century. He was the author of "Be'er Mayim Ḥayyim" (Cracow, 1616), a commentary on the Pentateuch and on Rashi's commentary. Bibliography: Buber, l.c. p. 112.E. C.M. K.JE 13Isaac ben Nathan Spira: Born: 1624 Died: 1649 in Cracow. son of Rabbi Nathan. Polish merchant. He was a man of means, and when, in May, 1641, the Jewish community of Cracow was financially embarrassed he voluntarily made it a loan of 800 Polish gulden in gold. When, toward the end of the eighteenth century, his tombstone began to decay, the community showed its gratitude by erecting a new one. Bibliography: Wolf, Bibl. Hebr. iv. 1207;Fürst, l.c. iii. 372;Friedberg, Luhot Zikkaron, pp. 61-62, Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1904.JE 16Jacob ben David ha-Kohen Spira: rabbi of Neutitschein, Moravia, in 17th and 18th centuries; relative of Isaac ben David Spira. He was the author of "Ohel Ya'akob," haggadic novellæ (Frankfort - on - the - Oder, 1719). His sons Moses Moeschel and Isaac severally added to it "Likkutim" to difficult passages in the Midrash and Yalkut and novellæ to Yoreh De'ah. Bibliography: Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 1257;Nepi-Ghirondi, Toledot Gedole Yisrael, p. 187;
Benjacob, l.c. p. 19;Fuenn, Keneset Yisrael, p. 577;Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, ii. 3;Fürst, l.c. i. 17.E. C.S. O.JE 18Judah Löb Spira (Pap): Rabbi of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; officiated probably in Frankfort-on-the-Main. He was the author of "Ha-Rekasim la-Bik'ah" (Altona, 1815), containing brief notes on the Bible. Bibliography: Steinschneider, l.c. col. 1373;Fürst, l.c. iii. 372.E. C.S. O.JE 22Nathan Nata Spira: Died: 1662 Reggio, Italy. son of Reuben David Spira, associate rabbi of Cracow. He was sent from Jerusalem to Germany and Italy to collect alms. Most of his works are cabalistic in nature, including "Tub ha-Arez" (Venice, 1655; Zolkiev, 1781), on the excellencies of the Holy Land, on the holy vessels, etc.; "Yayin ha-Meshummar" (ib. 1660), on "Yayin Nesek"; "Mazzot Shimmurim" (ib. 1665), on the mezuzah, zizit, etc. Azulai saw the manuscripts of his religious discourses and of several of his cabalistic works. Bibliography: Azulai, l.c. i. 148;De Rossi-Hamberger, Hist. Wörterb. p. 301;Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 2051.JE 21Nathan Nata Spira: Died: Nov. 13, 1761 in Eibenschütz. son of Selig Spira and grandson of Nathan Nata Spira. He was rabbi in various communities, his last charge being at Eibenschütz, in Moravia, where he officiated only one year, dying in early manhood. Bibliography: Dembitzer, Kelilat Yofe, i. 118 (contains Spira's epitaph, in which must be read instead of ).