Individual, dyadic, and triadic influences on the development of the family system were examined in the context of developmental risk. Participants were 145 couples and their 4-month-old first-born child in six groups: controls, three mother-risk groups (depressed, anxious, comorbid), and two infant-risk groups (preterm, intrauterine growth retardation). Dyadic and triadic ...

BACKGROUND: No study has clearly demonstrated the steroid-sparing effect of emollients in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). AIM: Evaluating the effect of an emollient containing oat extracts on the amount of topical corticosteroids used in infants with moderate to severe AD. STUDY DESIGN: During 6 weeks, 173 infants under ...

A novel beta chain variant found in combination with beta(0)-thalassemia (thal) was identified in a male infant by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Analysis of the infant's denatured blood and a 30 min. tryptic digest of his blood identified the mutation as beta56(D7)Gly-->Cys, which was confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry ...

Clinicians sometimes disagree about how much to honor surrogates' deeply held cultural values or traditions when they differ from those of the host country. Such a controversy arose when parents requested a cultural accommodation to let their infant die by withdrawing life saving care. While both the parents and clinicians ...

When presented with an edematous infant who may be experiencing a severe infection, particularly an unusual one, it is important to include nephrotic syndrome in the differential diagnosis. Because drastic measures may be required to manage this illness, it is important to be able to recognize symptoms, compile needed diagnostic ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess grief and post-traumatic growth in parents 2-6 years after the death of a premature baby (24-26 weeks' gestation) and to evaluate Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self-Measure (PRISM) in the assessment of bereavement. METHOD: Fifty-four parents were assessed for their experiences during hospitalization and by questionnaires regarding ...

Referrals for deformational plagiocephaly (DP) have increased, but estimates of its actual prevalence vary, depending on the population studied and criteria for diagnosis. Few studies employ an objective technique for diagnosis. The objectives of this study were to validate the Transcranial Diameter Difference (TDD) and, using it, determine the prevalence ...

Photographic and direct-observation studies show that most adults hold infants on the left side. This basic directional effect is well established, but other details are still uncorroborated, uncertain, or inconsistent across studies. These include the overall strength of the bias, the role of the sex, parental status, and experience of ...

Seven hundred and thirty-two parents reported when and how their infants learned to climb stairs. Children typically mastered stair ascent (mean age=10.97 months) several months after crawling onset and several weeks prior to descent (mean age=12.53 months). Most infants (94%) crawled upstairs the first time they ascended independently. Most infants ...

The goal of the present study was to examine the tempo of triadic play in Swedish and American families through a comparison of 20 families from each culture. When infants were approximately 3 months old, families in both cultures participated in the Lausanne Triadic Play (LTP), a paradigm that facilitates ...

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) accounts for 10-20% of referrals to secondary care dermatology, often requiring multiple visits and occupying much valuable time and resources. OBJECTIVES: We audited the usefulness (ease of use, reliability and sensitivity to change) of two simple and easy to use quality of life (QoL) measures, the ...

Permanency planning for infants with prenatal substance exposure is challenging due to characteristics of the infants and the ongoing substance use or relapse of the parents. Visitation is a primary mechanism through which child welfare workers determine and support permanency planning. Productive use of visitation for permanency planning for infants ...

BACKGROUND: The simultaneous rise over the last two decades in the U.S. in the proportion of VLBW (<1500 grams) deliveries and the improvement in their chance of survival has increased the number of families caring for VLBW infants and children. The families of VLBW infants with adverse outcomes can face ...

Over-the-counter cold remedies are widely used for symptomatic relief of upper respiratory tract infections. The safety of these drugs is not well established in infants and their efficacy is questionable. Our aim was to study the attitude of family physicians and pediatricians toward the use of cold remedies in infants ...

Pediatric home health care enables patients to be at home with their families in settings that bring them joy, comfort, and the security we all feel when we are at home. There is also a feeling, no matter how small, that the parents have some control over what is happening ...

OBJECTIVE: Although low birth weight premature infants and parents are at high risk for adverse health outcomes, there is a paucity of studies that test early NICU interventions with parents to prevent the development of negative parent-infant interaction trajectories and to reduce hospital length of stay. Our objective was to ...

A newborn infant with congenital epulis can be a striking sight for both parents and health care professionals involved in neonatal care. These tumours of the infant mouth can be remarkably large, occupying much of the oral cavity and posing a risk of airway obstruction or interfering with feeding. Dentists ...

To present methodology to identify atopic parents and determine the prevalence of sensitization to 15 aeroallergens in their infant offspring. A birth cohort of infants was identified from birth records; an infant was enrolled if 1 of the parents reported allergy respiratory symptoms and had a positive skin prick test ...

Captive studies have shown that ruffed lemurs (Varecia) have an unusual suite of reproductive traits combined with extremely high maternal reproductive costs. These traits include the bearing of litters, nesting of altricial young, and absentee parenting. To characterize the breeding system of this enigmatic lemur, reproductive traits must be contextualized ...

This study examined variation in mother-infant interactions, father engagement, and infant cognition as a function of country of origin, socioeconomic status, and English language proficiency in a national sample of Latino infants (age 9 months) born in the United States and living with both biological parents (N=1,099). Differences between Mexican-American ...

BACKGROUND: Infants exposed to intrauterine drugs present a number of challenging features with which the new mother is faced. They can be irritable, unresponsive, and unpredictable. Available treatments require specialised neonatal care for the first four to six weeks of life; a critical time for the parent-infant attachment relationship to ...

OBJECTIVES: Specific potential determinants of infant pain response were assessed in the context of a 4- or 6-month immunization injection. The distal influences of gender, gestational and current age, temperament, and early nociceptive stimuli were considered, as well as the proximal influences of parental and nurse coping-promoting statements within the ...

Mental health problems are a public health issue affecting as many as 20% of children in modern communities. Risk factors for externalising and internalising problems can occur in infancy. Infants at high risk live in stressed families with parent mental health problems, substance misuse, relationship conflict, social isolation, financial problems ...

OBJECTIVE: This study about maternal feeding practices and beliefs was conducted as background for the development of a childhood obesity prevention program for multi-ethnic parents in the USA receiving services from a federal government supplemental nutrition program for low-income mothers. DESIGN: Using a grounded theory approach, focus groups were conducted ...

BACKGROUND: Preterm birth has been associated with increased parenting stress in early infancy, and some reports have found this to be a risk factor for later behavioral problems. There are, however, few studies and conflicting results. Information about the fathers is scarce. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to study the effects ...

The objective of this study was to assess how frequently end-of-life decisions (ELDs) with a possible or certain life-shortening effect in neonates and infants were discussed with parents, and to determine if consultation of parents was associated with the type of ELD, (clinical) characteristics of the patient, and socio-demographic characteristics ...

OBJECTIVE: Western parents are given conflicting advice about whether to introduce a "scheduled" approach to infant care or to follow their infants' demands. Attempts to address this issue using randomized, controlled trials have been unsuccessful. This comparative study collected evidence about methods of parenting and associated infant crying and sleeping ...

We present the case of a newborn with multiple connective tissue abnormalities. Careful examination of the infant and a detailed history from his mother indicated that they were both affected by Beals syndrome (congenital contractural arachnodactyly). A viable-term male infant was delivered to a healthy 30-year-old. The parents had no ...

NICU nurses and developmental specialists have a unique opportunity to facilitate the beginning of a meaningful parent/infant relationship in the NICU setting. The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS) is one tool that can be utilized to support this process. When parents observe this assessment, they learn to recognize and ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural relationships within the large bitunicate order Pleosporales, with special focus on the coprophilous families Delitschiaceae, Phaeotrichaceae and Sporormiaceae. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses were performed using nSSU, nLSU and mtSSU rDNA sequence data. We also investigated the placement of a number ...

BACKGROUND: Caring for an infant with unexplained, persistent crying is one of the most stressful events for new parents. Infant irritability, also referred to as infantile colic, occurs in 10-25% of all infants and is the most common parental concern reported in the first year of life. OBJECTIVE: The aim ...

Good communication between parents and staff about the likely outcome of high-risk infants is essential to ensure parents' full involvement in decision-making. The present paper discusses the literature on this topic to explore the best practices for professionals communicating with parents of high-risk infants.

BACKGROUND: Atopic parents may adopt lifestyle characteristics that allegedly protect against atopic disease. If this is true, infants from atopic parents will be characterized by low-risk behaviour. Consequently, aetiologic studies on lifestyle factors and allergic disease in childhood may be biased by confounding by indication. OBJECTIVE: We explored whether the ...

The purpose of this study was to examine associations among women's emotional and cognitive responses to infant fear and anger and to identify attachment linked predictors of these responses. Four hundred and forty Caucasian and African American undergraduate college women viewed video clips of two crying infants, one displaying anger ...

PURPOSE: To describe the impact of having a premature infant hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) on the parents' management of the lactation experience. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A descriptive study using interviews was conducted with nine couples who had decided to breastfeed, and who were parents of ...

The acquisition process for infant and toddler polysomnography requires pediatric-specific equipment and specially trained personnel. Pediatric laboratories must keep in mind the importance of including the parent through-out the process. The demand for infant and pediatric polysomnography continues to grow as new research increasingly demonstrates the value of studying physiologic ...

Two contrasted father-mother-infant interactions are observed longitudinally during trilogue play. They illustrate the contribution of recent research to the exploration of triangulation in infancy: namely, the infant's capacity to handle triangular interactions and share her affects with her two parents, and the way that this capacity is recruited in functional ...

The fundamental frequencies (F0) of daily life utterances of Japanese infants and their parents from the infant's birth until about 5 years of age were longitudinally analyzed. The analysis revealed that an infant's F0 mean decreases as a function of month of age. It also showed that within- and between-utterance ...

The Groningen protocol allows for the euthanasia of severely ill newborns with a hopeless prognosis and unbearable suffering. We understand the impetus for such a protocol but have moral and ethical concerns with it. Advocates for euthanasia in adults have relied on the concept of human autonomy, which is lacking ...

High levels of prolactin have been found to correlate with the expression of paternal care in a variety of taxa. However, in mammals, there is little experimental evidence that prolactin is causally involved in the stimulation or maintenance of paternal care. Here, we suppressed prolactin production in paternally experienced common ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether infants of parents whose primary language is not English are less likely to receive recommended preventive care than infants of parents whose primary language is English. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all 38,793 1-year-old Medicaid-enrolled infants born in Washington state between January ...

A 15-year-old girl presented with stroke and was found to have a mitochondrial mutation MELAS T3271C. As an infant, she had required casting and surgery for clubbed feet as well as physical therapy for camptodactyly and adducted thumbs. Despite some residual deformities, psychomotor development was normal, but she was extremely ...