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A part of the "Olimpiyskiy Sports Complex", it makes up one architectural ensemble with another venue, constructed at the same time, the Swimming Pool, the venue is so large, that up to 80,000 people can occupy its space. The stadium can hold up to 16,000 people for televised events.[2]

In May 2014, the Government of Moscow auctioned 65% of shares in the stadium that it previously controlled. Oil company ZAO Neftegazprod won the auction, paying ₽4,672 billion rubles (approximately €100 million euros).[3]

It was the world's first indoor bandy arena. When smaller indoor sports are held at the venue, such as tennis or basketball, only 1/4 of the floor space is used. Capacity at this configuration can vary between 10,000 and 16,000 people.

1.
Luzhniki Stadium
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Luzhniki Stadium, is a sports stadium in Moscow, Russia. Its total seating capacity is 81,000 seats, all covered and this stadium has the same interior with Gelora Bung Karno Stadium in Indonesia. The stadium is a part of the Luzhniki Olympic Complex, and is located in Khamovniki District of the Central Administrative Okrug of Moscow city, the name Luzhniki derives from the flood meadows in the bend of Moskva River where the stadium was built, translating roughly as The Meadows. In the past its field was used for football games played by PFC CSKA Moscow, Torpedo Moscow and Spartak Moscow. Today it is used as one of the home grounds of the Russian national football team. It is one of the few major European stadia to use an artificial pitch, the pitch is necessary because regular grass pitches cannot withstand the harsh Russian winters and must be replaced at high cost. However, a natural grass pitch was installed for the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final. The stadium is used from time to time for various other sporting events. The stadium is located in Khamovniki District of the Central Administrative Okrug of Moscow city, the name Luzhniki derives from the flood meadows in the bend of Moskva River where the stadium was built, translating roughly as The Meadows. It was necessary to find a large plot of land. The proximity of the river, green mass of clean, fresh air - this circumstance alone mattered to select the area of the city of sports. In addition, Luzhniki is located close to the city center. On December 23,1954, the Government of the USSR adopted a resolution on the construction of a stadium in the Luzhniki area in Moscow. The 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki brought the Soviet team 71 medals and top place in the team standings. It was a success, but increased athletic development of the Soviet Union. The proposed complex was to all modern international standards and at the same time serve as a training base for the Olympic team and arena for large domestic. The stadium was built in 1955–56 as the Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium and it was necessary to demolish a whole area of dilapidated buildings. Because the soil was heavily waterlogged, almost the entire area of the future of the complex had to be raised half a meter,10,000 piles were hammered into the ground and dredgers reclaimed about 3 million cubic meters of soil

2.
Kiev
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Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population in July 2015 was 2,887,974, Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational, and cultural centre of Eastern Europe. It is home to many industries, higher education institutions. The city has an infrastructure and highly developed system of public transport. The citys name is said to derive from the name of Kyi, during its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city probably existed as a centre as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars, until seized by the Varangians in the mid-9th century. Under Varangian rule, the city became a capital of the Kievan Rus, completely destroyed during the Mongol invasion in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbours, first the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, followed by Poland. The city prospered again during the Russian Empires Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century, in 1917, after the Ukrainian National Republic declared independence from the Russian Empire, Kiev became its capital. From 1919 Kiev was an important center of the Armed Forces of South Russia and was controlled by the White Army. From 1921 onwards Kiev was a city of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was proclaimed by the Red Army, during World War II, the city again suffered significant damage, but quickly recovered in the post-war years, remaining the third largest city of the Soviet Union. During the countrys transformation to an economy and electoral democracy. Kievs armament-dependent industrial output fell after the Soviet collapse, adversely affecting science, Kiev emerged as the most pro-Western region of Ukraine where parties advocating tighter integration with the European Union dominate during elections. As a prominent city with a history, its English name was subject to gradual evolution. The early English spelling was derived from Old East Slavic form Kyjev, the name is associated with that of Kyi, the legendary eponymous founder of the city. Early English sources use various names, including Kiou, Kiow, Kiew, on one of the oldest English maps of the region, Russiae, Moscoviae et Tartariae published by Ortelius the name of the city is spelled Kiou. On the 1650 map by Guillaume de Beauplan, the name of the city is Kiiow, in the book Travels, by Joseph Marshall, the city is referred to as Kiovia

3.
Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex
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The Olympic National Sports Complex is a multi-use sports and recreation facility in Kiev, Ukraine, located on the slopes of the citys central Cherepanov Hill, Pechersk Raion. The stadium is the sports venue in Ukraine and the second largest in Eastern Europe after Moscows Luzhniki Stadium. The complex beside its stadium also features several other facilities and is designed to host the Olympic Games. It hosted the final of Euro 2012 and will host 2018 UEFA Champions League Final, after Ukrainian independence in 1991, the stadium was given national status in 1996 and renamed again as the Olympic National Sports Complex. Kievians still commonly refer to it as the Tsentralny or Respublykanskyi stadion, in 1997–99, the stadium was renovated again in accordance with FIFA guidelines, and its capacity was reduced to 83,450. The stadium continued to be the ground of Dynamo with the Lobanovsky stadium serving as a training ground. Sometime after 1998 big changes took place as it was no longer efficient to keep, Dynamo decided to reconstruct the Lobanovsky Dynamo Stadium as its primary ground because match attendances rarely exceeded 10,000 spectators. Since that time Olympic has been used primarily for international matches and was lent to FC Dynamo Kyiv for high-profile home games when a high attendance was expected. However it is not the home ground of Dynamo or any other Kiev club, as they all have smaller home stadiums. The stadium is a home ground of the Ukraine national football team and was the official venue of the Ukrainian Cup final until 2008. From 2008 Olympic underwent a reconstruction in preparation for the continental championship. For most of its history the stadium was known as the Republican Stadium, in the first match on 20 July, East Germany tied with Spain by a scoreline of 1–1. The one quarterfinal, held on 27 July 1980, saw East Germany thrash Iraq by the score of 4–0 on the way to their third title. On 18 April 2007, Poland and Ukraine were chosen by UEFA to co-host the finals of Euro 2012, the capacity of the stadium after the reconstruction is 70,050. Reconstruction began on 1 December 2008, when the winner of a tender was announced and it was scheduled to be finished in 2011. The stadium was opened by Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych on 8 October 2011. Three Group D matches, a quarter-final and the final were scheduled for here, in the first match, Ukraine beat Sweden by a scoreline of 2–1. The final, held on 1 July 2012, saw Spain thrash Italy by the score of 4–0 on the way to their third title

4.
Donetsk
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Donetsk is an industrial city in Ukraine on the Kalmius River. The population was estimated at 929, 063 in the city, according to the 2001 Ukrainian Census, Donetsk was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine. Since April 2014, the city is controlled by separatists from self-proclaimed Donetsk Peoples Republic. Administratively, it has been the centre of Donetsk Oblast, while historically, it is the capital and largest city of the larger economic. Donetsk is adjacent to major city of Makiivka and along with other surrounding cities forms a major urban sprawl. Donetsk has been an economic, industrial and scientific centre of Ukraine with a high concentration of companies. The original settlement in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire was first mentioned as Aleksandrovka in 1779, under the Russian Empress Catherine the Great. In 1869, Welsh businessman, John Hughes, built a plant and several coal mines in the region. During Soviet times, the steel industry was expanded. In 1924, it was renamed Stalino, and in 1932 the city became the centre of the Donetsk region, renamed Donetsk in 1961, the city today remains the centre for coal mining and steel industry. Since April 2014, Donetsk and its surrounding areas have one of the major sites of fighting in the War in Donbass. The city was founded in 1869 when the Welsh businessman John Hughes built a plant and several coal mines at Aleksandrovka. In its early period, it received immigrants from Wales, especially the town of Merthyr Tydfil, by the beginning of the 20th century, Yuzivka had approximately 50,000 inhabitants, and had attained the status of a city in 1917. The main district of Hughezovka is named English Colony, and the British origin of the city is reflected in its layout, when the Russian Civil War broke out, on 12 February 1918 Yuzovka was part of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. The Republic was disbanded at the 2nd All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets on 20 March 1918 when the independence of the Soviet Ukraine was announced and it failed to achieve recognition, either internationally or by the Russian SFSR, and, in accordance with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, was abolished. In 1924, under the Soviet rule, the name was changed to Stalin. In that year, the population totaled 63,708. In 1929–31 the citys name was changed to Stalino, the city did not have a drinking water system until 1931, when a 55.3 km system was laid underground

5.
RSC Olimpiyskiy
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Regional Sports Complex Olimpiyskyi is a multi-purpose stadium in Donetsk, Ukraine, owned by Shakhtar Donetsk. The stadiums maximum capacity is 25,678, and it is used exclusively for football matches, after its reconstruction in 2003, the stadium was also host to Shakhtars city-rivals, FC Metalurh Donetsk. Shakhtar became the tenant of the stadium from 2004, until their new Donbass Arena was completed. FC Metalurh Donetsk has moved back to their own stadium, Metalurh Stadium which is considerably smaller, from 2013, the stadium hosts Shakhtar Donetsks matches in the UEFA Youth League, which runs in parallel to the UEFA Champions League

6.
Moscow
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Moscow is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city, Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, and scientific center of Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as the largest city entirely on the European continent. Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity and metropolis on Earth and it is home to the Ostankino Tower, the tallest free standing structure in Europe, the Federation Tower, the tallest skyscraper in Europe, and the Moscow International Business Center. Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia, the city is well known for its architecture, particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basils Cathedral with its brightly colored domes. Moscow is the seat of power of the Government of Russia, being the site of the Moscow Kremlin, the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament also sit in the city and it is recognized as one of the citys landmarks due to the rich architecture of its 200 stations. In old Russian the word also meant a church administrative district. The demonym for a Moscow resident is москвич for male or москвичка for female, the name of the city is thought to be derived from the name of the Moskva River. There have been proposed several theories of the origin of the name of the river and its cognates include Russian, музга, muzga pool, puddle, Lithuanian, mazgoti and Latvian, mazgāt to wash, Sanskrit, majjati to drown, Latin, mergō to dip, immerse. There exist as well similar place names in Poland like Mozgawa, the original Old Russian form of the name is reconstructed as *Москы, *Mosky, hence it was one of a few Slavic ū-stem nouns. From the latter forms came the modern Russian name Москва, Moskva, in a similar manner the Latin name Moscovia has been formed, later it became a colloquial name for Russia used in Western Europe in the 16th–17th centuries. From it as well came English Muscovy, various other theories, having little or no scientific ground, are now largely rejected by contemporary linguists. The surface similarity of the name Russia with Rosh, an obscure biblical tribe or country, the oldest evidence of humans on the territory of Moscow dates from the Neolithic. Within the modern bounds of the city other late evidence was discovered, on the territory of the Kremlin, Sparrow Hills, Setun River and Kuntsevskiy forest park, etc. The earliest East Slavic tribes recorded as having expanded to the upper Volga in the 9th to 10th centuries are the Vyatichi and Krivichi, the Moskva River was incorporated as part of Rostov-Suzdal into the Kievan Rus in the 11th century. By AD1100, a settlement had appeared on the mouth of the Neglinnaya River. The first known reference to Moscow dates from 1147 as a place of Yuri Dolgoruky. At the time it was a town on the western border of Vladimir-Suzdal Principality

7.
Russia
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Russia, also officially the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. The European western part of the country is more populated and urbanised than the eastern. Russias capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a range of environments. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, the East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, in 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of states, most of the Rus lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion. The Soviet Union played a role in the Allied victory in World War II. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the worlds first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the second largest economy, largest standing military in the world. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic, the Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russias extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the producers of oil. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction, Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. The name Russia is derived from Rus, a state populated mostly by the East Slavs. However, this name became more prominent in the later history, and the country typically was called by its inhabitants Русская Земля. In order to distinguish this state from other states derived from it, it is denoted as Kievan Rus by modern historiography, an old Latin version of the name Rus was Ruthenia, mostly applied to the western and southern regions of Rus that were adjacent to Catholic Europe. The current name of the country, Россия, comes from the Byzantine Greek designation of the Kievan Rus, the standard way to refer to citizens of Russia is Russians in English and rossiyane in Russian. There are two Russian words which are translated into English as Russians

8.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation

9.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law

10.
Russian language
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Russian is an East Slavic language and an official language in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and many minor or unrecognised territories. Russian belongs to the family of Indo-European languages and is one of the four living members of the East Slavic languages, written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century and beyond. It is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia and the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages and it is also the largest native language in Europe, with 144 million native speakers in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Russian is the eighth most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers, the language is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Russian is also the second most widespread language on the Internet after English, Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds. This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language, another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels. Russian is a Slavic language of the Indo-European family and it is a lineal descendant of the language used in Kievan Rus. From the point of view of the language, its closest relatives are Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn. An East Slavic Old Novgorod dialect, although vanished during the 15th or 16th century, is considered to have played a significant role in the formation of modern Russian. In the 19th century, the language was often called Great Russian to distinguish it from Belarusian, then called White Russian and Ukrainian, however, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. In some cases, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms are in use, with different meanings. For details, see Russian phonology and History of the Russian language and it is also regarded by the United States Intelligence Community as a hard target language, due to both its difficulty to master for English speakers and its critical role in American world policy. The standard form of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language, mikhail Lomonosov first compiled a normalizing grammar book in 1755, in 1783 the Russian Academys first explanatory Russian dictionary appeared. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the introduction of the education system that was established by the Soviet government. Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features are observed in colloquial speech. Thus, the Russian language is the 6th largest in the world by number of speakers, after English, Mandarin, Hindi/Urdu, Spanish, Russian is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. Education in Russian is still a choice for both Russian as a second language and native speakers in Russia as well as many of the former Soviet republics. Russian is still seen as an important language for children to learn in most of the former Soviet republics, samuel P. Huntington wrote in the Clash of Civilizations, During the heyday of the Soviet Union, Russian was the lingua franca from Prague to Hanoi

11.
Arena
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An arena is an enclosed area, often circular or oval-shaped, designed to showcase theater, musical performances, or sporting events. The word derives from Latin harena, a particularly fine/smooth sand used to absorb blood in ancient arenas such as the Colosseum in Rome and it is composed of a large open space surrounded on most or all sides by tiered seating for spectators. The key feature of an arena is that the event space is the lowest point, arenas are usually designed to accommodate a large number of spectators. The term arena is used as a synonym for a very large venue such as Pasadenas Rose Bowl. The use of one term over the other has mostly to do with the type of event, the home of the Duke University mens and womens basketball teams would qualify as an arena, but the facility is called Cameron Indoor Stadium. Domed stadiums, which, like arenas, are enclosed but have the larger playing surfaces, such examples of these would be terms such as the arena of war or the arena of love or the political arena. In many fighting games, the stage that opponents are fought in is called an arena. Ice hockey arena Amphitheatre List of indoor arenas by capacity List of stadiums by capacity

12.
1980 Summer Olympics
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The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia. The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe and they were also the first Olympic Games to be held in a socialist country, and the only Summer Games to be held in such a country until 2008 in Beijing, China. These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris and this prompted the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics. The only two cities to bid for the 1980 Summer Olympics were Moscow and Los Angeles, the choice between them was made on 23 October 1974 in the 75th IOC Session in Vienna, Austria. Los Angeles would eventually host the 1984 Summer Olympics, eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games – the smallest number since 1956. Six nations made their first Olympic appearance in 1980, Angola, Botswana, Jordan, Laos, Mozambique, cyprus made its debut at the Summer Olympics, but had appeared earlier at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. Sri Lanka competed for the first time under its new name, Benin had competed previously as Dahomey and Zimbabwe competed for the first time under that name. The Soviet invasion spurred Jimmy Carter to issue an ultimatum on January 20,1980,65 countries and regions invited did not take part in the 1980 Olympics. Many of these followed the United States boycott initiative, while others cited economic reasons for not coming, iran, under Ayatollah Khomeini hostile to both superpowers, boycotted when the Islamic Conference condemned the invasion. Many of the boycotting nations participated instead in the Liberty Bell Classic, also known as the Olympic Boycott Games, in Philadelphia. However, the nations that did compete had won 71 percent of all medals, competitors from three countries – New Zealand, Portugal, and Spain – competed under the flags of their respective National Olympic Committees. Some of these teams that marched under other than their national flags were depleted by boycotts by individual athletes. The impact of the boycott was mixed, some events, such as field hockey and equestrian sports, were hard hit, while others such as boxing, judo, rowing, swimming, track and field and weightlifting had more participants than in 1976. Athletes from 25 countries won Olympic gold and competitors from 36 countries became Olympic medalists, Italy won four times more gold medals than they won in Montreal and France multiplied its gold medal tally by three. Romania won more medals than it had at any previous Olympics. In terms of medals, the Moscow Olympics was Irelands most successful games since Melbourne 1956. The same was true for Great Britain, third World athletes qualified for more events and took more medals than they did at any previous Olympics. 21 percent of the competitors were women – a higher percentage than at any previous Olympics, There were 203 events – more than at any previous Olympics

13.
Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics
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Basketball at the 1980 Summer Olympics was held from July 20 to July 30 at the Olympiiski Indoor Stadium and at the CSKA Sports Palace, both located in Moscow. Finals of both mens and womens events were held 30 July at the Olympiiski Indoor Stadium, due to the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics the United States and other nations withdrew from the tournament. An NOC may enter up to one team with 12 players. Automatic qualifications were granted to the host country for both events, plus the team at the 1978 FIBA World Championship and the Olympic champions in the mens tournament. Mens tournament, Three round-robin groups of four teams were formed, both the final and classification round groups consisted of another round-robin of six teams each where results between teams from the same preliminary group were carried over. The top two teams from the final round competed for the medal, while third and fourth places for bronze. With the exception of the first four places, the standings were decided by the corresponding places in each group. The remaining two teams finish with their rank in the final standings. Hosts Soviet Union and the world champions Yugoslavia advanced undefeated to the final round, meanwhile, qualification in Group C was closely contested between Italy, Cuba and Australia, which ended up being decided by a third tiebreaker in favor of the first two teams. Results between Poland vs. Senegal, Australia vs. Sweden and Czechoslovakia vs. India were carried over from the preliminary round, the first two places in the preliminary group compete for the gold medal, while the third and fourth places compete for the bronze. The remaining teams group ranking determines their positions in the final standings, the Soviet Union then won the bronze against Spain. Yugoslavia earned their first and only medal in mens basketball at this Olympic Games. Results from Yugoslavia vs. Spain, Italy vs. Cuba, brazil were carried over from the preliminary round. Bronze Medal Gold Medal The womens tournament was decided in a round robin group with all six teams, the first two places competed for the gold medal, while the third and fourth places for the bronze. The remaining teams retain their group ranks for the final standings, the host nation finished the group phase undefeated and won the gold against Bulgaria. Yugoslavia would go on to win the bronze medal against Hungary, bronze Medal Gold Medal 1980 Olympic Games, Tournament for Men, FIBA Archive. 1980 Olympic Games, Tournament for Women, FIBA Archive, Women Basketball Olympic Games Moskva 1980 – 20–30.07 todor66. com. Men Basketball Olympic Games Moscow 1980 – 20–30.07 todor66. com

15.
Swimming Pool at the Olimpiysky Sports Complex
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The Swimming Pool at the Olimpiysky Sports Complex is a covered swimming centre in Moscow, Russia. The venue, built for the 1980 Summer Olympics, makes up the Olimpiysky Sports Complex architectural ensemble together with the Olimpiysky Arena, during the Olympics, it hosted the swimming, diving, water polo, and the swimming part of the modern pentathlon events. It also hosted 2002 Short Course World Championships, the venue consists of a 50x25x2, 25m swimming pool, separated by an acoustic partition from the 35x25x6 m diving pool. Olympic Pool at the Luzhniki Olympic Complex Official website of the Olympiisky Sports Complex

16.
Government of Moscow
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The Government of Moscow is the highest executive body of state authority of Moscow. The Government of Moscow is headed by the highest official of the city of Moscow, the members of the Government of Moscow are the Mayor of Moscow, the Deputy Mayors of Moscow in the Moscow Government and the Moscow Government ministers. The Government of Moscow issues orders that are signed by the Mayor of Moscow, the Government of Moscow has legal personality. Structure and functioning of the Government of Moscow are established by the law of Moscow, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, Moscow is an independent subject of the Russian Federation, the so-called city of federal importance

17.
Ruble sign
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The ruble sign is the currency sign used for the Russian ruble, the official currency of Russia. It features the Cyrillic letter Р with a horizontal stroke, the design was approved on 11 December 2013 after a public poll that took place a month earlier. The international three-letter code for the ruble is RUB, in Unicode it is encoded at U+20BD ₽ ruble sign. In Russian, the sign usually follows the value, in English, the debates about adopting the national currency symbol for Russian ruble began from nearly the start of Russias economy integration into the global market in 1990s. The idea was to rival well-known signs such as $, ¥ and £, there were several contests, hosted by different organizations, to choose the sign. The Central Bank of Russia did not yet adopt the symbol, in 2007, the initiative group of Russian design bureaus and studios proposed to use the stroked Cyrillic Р letter to represent the ruble. Since then, many retailers, restaurants and cafés started to use the sign unofficially. It became very popular and was used as a de facto standard. In November 2013, the Central Bank of Russia finally decided to adopt the currency sign. One, earlier provided by the community, was on the list. On 11 December 2013, it was approved as official sign for the ruble

18.
Russian ruble
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The Russian ruble is the currency of the Russian Federation, the two partially recognized republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, and the two unrecognized republics of Donetsk and Luhansk. The ruble is subdivided into 100 kopeks, the ruble was the currency of the Russian Empire and of the Soviet Union. Today apart from Russia, Belarus and Transnistria uses currencies with the same name, the ruble was the worlds first decimal currency, it was decimalised in 1704 when the ruble became legally equal to 100 kopeks. In 1992 the Soviet ruble was replaced with the Russian ruble at the rate 1 SUR =1 RUR. In 1998 following the crisis, the Russian ruble was redenominated with the new code RUB. Today, although RUB being the code of the Russian ruble. The ruble is the oldest national currency after the Pound sterling in the world, the ruble has been used on the Russian territories since the 13th century. The modern Russian ruble actually appeared in December 1991 in parallel with the Soviet ruble, following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Soviet ruble remained the currency of the Russian Federation until 1992. A new set of coins was issued in 1992 and a new set of banknotes was issued in the name of Bank of Russia in 1993. The Russian ruble with the ISO4217 code is RUR and number 810 replaced the Soviet ruble at the rate 1 SUR =1 RUR. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation introduced new coins in 1992 in denominations of 1,5,10,20,50 and 100 rubles, the coins depict the double-headed eagle without a crown, sceptre and globus cruciger above the legend Банк России. It is exactly the same eagle, that the artist Ivan Bilibin painted after the February Revolution as a coat of arms for the Russian Republic. The 1 and 5 ruble coins were minted in brass-clad steel, the 10 and 20 ruble coins in cupro-nickel, in 1993, aluminium-bronze 50 ruble coins and cupro-nickel-zinc 100 ruble coins were issued, and the material of 10 and 20 ruble coins s was changed to nickel-plated steel. In 1995 the material of 50 ruble coins was changed to brass-plated steel, as high inflation persisted, the lowest denominations disappeared from circulation and the other denominations became rarely used. During this period the commemorative one ruble coin was regularly issued and it was practically identical in size and weight to a 5 Swiss franc coin. For this reason, there have been instances of ruble coins being used on a large scale to defraud automated vending machines in Switzerland. In 1961, new State Treasury notes were introduced for 1,3 and 5 rubles, along with new State Bank notes for 10,25,50 and 100 rubles. In 1991, the State Bank took over production of 1,3 and 5 ruble notes and also introduced 200,500 and 1,000 ruble notes, although the 25 ruble note was no longer issued

19.
Euro sign
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The euro sign is the currency sign used for the euro, the official currency of the Eurozone in the European Union. The design was presented to the public by the European Commission on 12 December 1996, the international three-letter code for the euro is EUR. In Unicode it is encoded at U+20AC € euro sign, in English, the sign precedes the value. In some styleguides, but not others, the sign is unspaced. The euro currency sign was designed to be similar in structure to the old sign for the European Currency Unit, there were originally thirty-two proposals, these were reduced to ten candidates. These ten were put to a public survey, after the survey had narrowed the original ten proposals down to two, it was up to the European Commission to choose the final design. The other designs that were considered are not available for the public to view, the European Commission considers the process of designing to have been internal and keeps these records secret. The eventual winner was a created by a team of four experts whose identities have not been revealed. It is assumed that the Belgian graphic designer Alain Billiet was the winner, the European Commission specified a euro logo with exact proportions and colours, for use in public-relations material related to the euro introduction. While the Commission intended the logo to be a prescribed glyph shape, generating the euro sign using a computer depends on the operating system and national conventions. Some mobile phone companies issued a software update for their special SMS character set. Later mobile phones have both currency signs, the euro is represented in the Unicode character set with the character name EURO SIGN and the code position U+20AC as well as in updated versions of the traditional Latin character set encodings. In HTML, the &euro, entity can also be used, while displaying the euro sign is no problem as long as only one system is used, mixed setups often produced errors. One example is a content management system where articles are stored in a database using a different character set than the editors computer, another is legacy software which could only handle older encodings such as ISO 8859-1 that contained no euro sign at all. In such situations, character set conversions had to be made, care has been taken to avoid replacing an existing obsolete currency sign with the euro sign. That could create different currency signs for sender and receiver in e-mails or web sites, placement of the sign also varies. Partly since there are no standards on placement, countries have generated varying conventions or sustained those of their former currencies. For example, in Ireland and the Netherlands, where previous currency signs were placed before the figure, the euro sign is universally placed in the same position

20.
Euro
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Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency. Additionally,210 million people worldwide as of 2013 use currencies pegged to the euro, the euro is the second largest reserve currency as well as the second most traded currency in the world after the United States dollar. The name euro was adopted on 16 December 1995 in Madrid. The euro was introduced to world markets as an accounting currency on 1 January 1999. While the euro dropped subsequently to US$0.8252 within two years, it has traded above the U. S. dollar since the end of 2002, peaking at US$1.6038 on 18 July 2008. In July 2012, the euro fell below US$1.21 for the first time in two years, following concerns raised over Greek debt and Spains troubled banking sector, as of 26 March 2017, the euro–dollar exchange rate stands at ~ US$1.07. The euro is managed and administered by the Frankfurt-based European Central Bank, as an independent central bank, the ECB has sole authority to set monetary policy. The Eurosystem participates in the printing, minting and distribution of notes and coins in all states. The 1992 Maastricht Treaty obliges most EU member states to adopt the euro upon meeting certain monetary and budgetary convergence criteria, all nations that have joined the EU since 1993 have pledged to adopt the euro in due course. Since 5 January 2002, the central banks and the ECB have issued euro banknotes on a joint basis. Euro banknotes do not show which central bank issued them, Eurosystem NCBs are required to accept euro banknotes put into circulation by other Eurosystem members and these banknotes are not repatriated. The ECB issues 8% of the value of banknotes issued by the Eurosystem. In practice, the ECBs banknotes are put into circulation by the NCBs and these liabilities carry interest at the main refinancing rate of the ECB. The euro is divided into 100 cents, in Community legislative acts the plural forms of euro and cent are spelled without the s, notwithstanding normal English usage. Otherwise, normal English plurals are used, with many local variations such as centime in France. All circulating coins have a side showing the denomination or value. Due to the plurality in the European Union, the Latin alphabet version of euro is used. For the denominations except the 1-, 2- and 5-cent coins, beginning in 2007 or 2008 the old map is being replaced by a map of Europe also showing countries outside the Union like Norway

21.
Didier Marouani
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Didier Marouani is a French composer and musician. Didier started his career as a pop singer and made his first single and he followed this by touring with Johnny Hallyday, Claude François and Joe Dassin. In 1977, he formed the band Space and composed all the songs on albums under the pseudonym Ecama. This was followed by the albums Deliverance, Just Blue and Deeper Zone, later, he participated in another electronic venture Paris-France-Transit. In 1983, Didier & Space went to the USSR to give 21 concerts for 600.000 people, in 1992, Didier was able to obtain the necessary authorization for a concert in Red Square, some 360,000 spectators attended this free concert. Throughout the 1980s, Didier Marouani & Space maintained quite a popularity in France. In 1987, Didier composed a new album Space Opera, the first opera composed for synthesizers and choirs and he was able to obtain the participation of both the Red Army Choirs and the Harvard University Choirs for his album. The album was relayed to the Soviet space station Mir, making the album the first compact disc to be heard in space, the CD had been launched into space together with a CD player with the Russian cosmonauts. Space Opera went on to great success in Europe. 2001, World Premiere on stage of the new Space album Symphonic Space Dream in Kiev at the Ukraine Palace with the participation of the National Symphonic Orchestra of Ukraine,2002 Performance in Moscow at the Kremlin Theater with the participation of the Presidential Symphonic Orchestra. 2002 Performance in St. Petersburg attended by over 12,000 people, acclaiming the French band,2002, The song New Direction incorporates elements of Magic Fly performed by U. K. pop group S Club Juniors on their Together CD. 2009, A huge concert in Moscow at the Olympisky Stadium, in October 2009, Nang Records in England released a BEST OF SPACE CD, completely remastered with 14 tracks, followed by a remix album the following month. Official Space site Didier Marouani interview Didier Marouani at the Internet Movie Database

22.
Kylie Minogue
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Kylie Ann Minogue, OBE, often known simply as Kylie, is an Australian singer, songwriter, dancer and actress. She achieved recognition starring in the Australian soap opera Neighbours, where she played tomboy mechanic Charlene Robinson, since then, Minogue has been a recording artist and has achieved commercial success and critical acclaim in the entertainment industry. Minogue has been recognised with several nicknames including Princess of Pop. She is recognised as the highest-selling Australian artist of all time by the Australian Recording Industry Association, born and raised in Melbourne, Australia, Minogue has for many years worked and lived in London. She signed to PWL in 1987 and released her first studio album Kylie the next year, in 1992, she left PWL and signed with Deconstruction Records and where she created her self-titled studio album and Impossible Princess, both of which received positive reviews from critics. Returning to more mainstream dance-oriented music, Minogue signed to Parlophone and her 2001 single Cant Get You Out of My Head became one of the most successful singles during the 2000s, selling over ten million units. It is recognised as her song and was named the catchiest song ever by Yahoo. Her album Fever was a hit in countries, including the United States. In 2005, while Minogue was on her Showgirl, The Greatest Hits Tour, after treatment, she resumed the tour under the title Showgirl, The Homecoming Tour, which critics viewed as a triumph. Minogue resumed work as an actress and appeared in the films Moulin Rouge, Jack & Diane, and Holy Motors. In 2014, she appeared as a judge on the series of The Voice UK. Her other ventures include product endorsements, children books and fashion, as of 2015, Minogue has had worldwide record sales of more than 80 million. She has mounted several successful and critically acclaimed concert world tours and she was appointed OBE by Charles, Prince of Wales in 2008. She was appointed by the French government as a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres for her contribution to the enrichment of French culture, Minogue was awarded an honorary Doctor of Health Science degree by Anglia Ruskin University for her work in raising awareness for breast cancer. In November 2011, on the 25th anniversary of the ARIA Music Awards, in December 2016, Billboard ranked her as the 18th most successful dance artist of all-time. Kylie was born to Ronald Charles Minogue and Carol Ann Jones in Melbourne, Australia and her father is a fifth generation Australian, and has Irish ancestry, while her mother came from Maesteg, Wales. Jones had lived in Wales until age ten when her mother and father, Millie and Denis Jones, just before Kylies birth, Ron qualified as an accountant and worked through several jobs while Carol worked as a professional dancer. Kylies younger brother, Brendan, is a cameraman in Australia, while her younger sister Dannii Minogue is also a singer

23.
KylieX2008
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KylieX2008 was the tenth concert tour by Australian singer-songwriter Kylie Minogue, in support of her tenth studio album, X. Originally announced as just a European tour, rumors of Minogue taking the tour to Australia, Asia, at the conclusion of the European leg, Minogue announced that the tour would continue onto South America, Asia and Australasia. The tour continued in 2009, as Minogue performed at festivals, with the announcement of the 2009 North American Tour, Minogues official website stated that the tour grossed more than US$96 million from 74 shows in ticket sales in 2008. After months of speculation it was announced through Kylies official website that KylieX2008 would commence in Paris, by way of introduction, Minogue stated, While rehearsing for the tour, Minogue released several behind-the-scenes videos on her website. Concurrently, she released X in the United States and filmed two videos for the third single, All I See. As the tour began to sell out all over Europe and the UK, many speculated that Minogue would bring her tour to Australia. As with the X album, the tour rippled the new wave theme, the show was divided into seven acts with the addition of an encore and interlude. Throughout the course of the tour, the show evolved, with changes to the running order, costumes, set list. The set consisted of a high-tech three-tier stage, on the left and right, mini-stages were made available for the band and backing singers. The main stage was minimalist, with an illuminated video floor, for performances in amphitheaters, open air and small arenas the illuminated floor and the lavish props, such as the giant skull and purple hoop, were removed due to technical limitations. Minogue described the show as being a show within a show, Minogue alluded she was inspired by Queen frontman, Freddie Mercury, Im releasing my inner Freddie Mercury. Its hard to explain but parts of the show are so over the top, when I sing Your Disco Needs You, its a real Freddie moment. The first act Xlectro Static act opens the show with a video showing the outline of Minogues face polarized in neon colours. The massive video curtains slide open to reveal Minogue perched in a giant hoop dressed in a spiderwoman gown, on technically limited shows, the giant stereo speakers moved rapidly to reveal Minogue. She performed her worldwide hit Cant Get You Out of My Head as well as In Your Eyes, the second act Cheer Squad opens with an homage to the Toni Basil hit Mickey, with Kylie and her dancers appearing as American cheerleaders. Themed as a pep rally, Minogue performed Heart Beat Rock, Wow and Shocked. Kylie has cited this act as her personal favourite on the concert, the third act Beach Party begins with Loveboat and goes on with a cover of the Barry Manilow hit Copacabana. On the opening night, Thats Why They Write Love Songs, Kylie closed the act with the celebratory Spinning Around

24.
Eurovision Song Contest 2009
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The Eurovision Song Contest 2009 was the 54th edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest and was hosted by Russia after their win in 2008. It took place between 12 and 16 May 2009 at the Olympic Indoor Arena in Moscow, Russia, third place went to Azerbaijan, fourth to Turkey, and the United Kingdom taking 5th, seeing their best placing since 2002. Forty-two countries participated in the contest, Slovakia announced that it would return to the contest, Latvia and Georgia originally announced their intention to withdraw, but it was later stated by the European Broadcasting Union that both countries would indeed participate. However, Georgia later decided to withdraw after the EBU rejected its selected song as being a breach of contest rules, the contest was held in Russia following its victory in the 2008 contest in Belgrade, Serbia, with Dima Bilans Believe. Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister of Russia, stated that the contest would be held in Moscow and it was proposed by Channel One that the contest be held in Moscows Olympic Indoor Arena, and this proposal was evaluated by the European Broadcasting Union and confirmed on 13 September 2008. The Director-General of the venue, Vladimir Churilin, refuted rumours of emergency reconstruction of the building, saying and we now can take up to 25 thousand spectators. The contest final took place on 16 May 2009 at the Olympic Indoor Arena in Moscow, thirty-seven countries participated in one of the two semi-finals of the contest, with the Big Four countries and the host pre-qualified for the final. In addition to those pre-qualified, the final included the ten selected countries from each semi-final. However, it was confirmed that the Big Four countries would continue to qualify for the final at the 2009 contest. Host broadcaster Channel One presented the sub-logo and theme for the 2009 contest on 30 January 2009, the sub-logo is based upon a Fantasy Bird, which can be used with many colours. As in previous years, the sub-logo was presented alongside the generic logo,2009 was the first year since 2001 that there was no slogan for the contest. The stage was designed by New York-based set designer John Casey, Casey, who had previously designed the stage for the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 in Dublin, was also involved in design teams for the 1994 and 1995 contests. He explained that even before worked with the Russians on the TEFI Awards in Moscow in 1998, was inspired by and drawn to art from the Russian Avant Garde period, especially the constructivists. Tried to come up with a design for the contest that incorporates Russian avant-garde art into a contemporary setting. Casey explained that together, the various LED shapes form the finished product, furthermore, large sections of the stage can move, including the circular central portion of curved LED screens, which can be moved to effect and allow each song to have a different feel. Finally a phrase in transliterated Russian and its English translation were shown, the music accompanying the postcards was written and produced by Matthew Herbert. On Friday 30 January 2009, the draw to decide which countries would appear in either the first or second semi-final took place, the participating countries excluding the automatic finalists were split into six pots, based upon how those countries have been voting. From these pots, half competed in the first Semi Final on 10 May 2009, the other half in that particular pot will compete in the second Semi Final on 12 May 2009

25.
Aria (band)
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Aria is a Russian heavy metal band that was formed in 1985 in Moscow. Although it was not the first Soviet band to play music, Aria was the first to break through to mainstream media. According to several polls, Aria ranks among top 10 most popular Russian rock bands. Their sound resembled that of NWOBHM bands, for which they were dubbed the Russian Iron Maiden in the media, most of Arias lyrics have been written not by the bands members but by professional poets Margarita Pushkina and Alexander Yelin. Aria is the root of so-called Aria Family, several formed by its former members. In 1987, four ex-members of Aria formed the band Master, vocalist Valery Kipelov, who was the main voice of the band for the majority of albums they have released, departed in 2002 and formed his own heavy-metal band Kipelov. Till Lindemann & Richard Kruspe of Rammstein have covered an Aria song, in this cover version, the songs name is Germanized and spelled as Schtiel. The band was founded by Vladimir Holstinin and Alik Granovsky, two members of the VIA Poyushchie Serdtsa and they both had played in the band Alpha, dissolved by that time. Holstinins idea of creating a metal band was enthusiastically accepted by Granovsky. By 1985 they had most of the material for their album ready, all that remained was to find a recording studio and they asked Victor Vekshtein to be the bands manager and allow them to use his studio. The vocalist position was filled by Valery Kipelov. The name Aria was given to the band because it was short, catchy, theres a version that the bands name was thought up by Holstinin, who owns a guitar from the eponymous manufacturer. Both fans and members of Aria are often referred to as ariytsi. According to the website, Arias birthday is celebrated on 31 October 1985. The album was noticed by music fans because it was much unlike any hard rock music played in the USSR at the time. Megalomania was recorded with only Holstinin playing guitar, the band needed a second guitarist to be able to play live. As a result, Andrey Bolshakov joined the band, in addition, Igor Molchanov replaced Lvov on drums. Arias first live show was on 5 February 1986 in DK MAI, the band was well received by the public, and soon became a laureate of the Rock-Panorama-86 and Lithuanika-86 festivals

26.
Roger Waters
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George Roger Waters is an English singer, songwriter, bassist, and composer. In 1965, he co-founded the progressive rock band Pink Floyd with drummer Nick Mason, keyboardist Rick Wright and guitarist, singer, and songwriter Syd Barrett. Waters initially served as the groups bassist, but following the departure of Barrett in 1968, he became their lyricist, conceptual leader. Pink Floyd subsequently achieved success with the concept albums The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals. By the early 1980s, they had one of the most critically acclaimed and best-selling acts in the history of popular music, as of 2013. Amid creative differences within the group, Waters left in 1985 and began a dispute with the remaining members over their intended use of the bands name. They settled out of court in 1987, and nearly eighteen years passed before he performed them again. Waters solo career has included three albums, The Pros and Cons of Hitch Hiking, Radio K. A. O. S. In 1990, he staged one of the largest and most extravagant rock concerts in history, The Wall – Live in Berlin, with an official attendance of 200,000. As a member of Pink Floyd, he was inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and that same year he released Ça Ira, an opera in three acts translated from Étienne and Nadine Roda-Gils libretto about the French Revolution. Later that year, he reunited with Pink Floyd bandmates Mason, Wright and David Gilmour for the Live 8 global awareness event and he has toured extensively as a solo act since 1999 and played The Dark Side of the Moon in its entirety for his world tour of 2006–2008. In 2010, he began The Wall Live and in 2011 Gilmour, as of 2013, the tour is the highest-grossing of all time by a solo artist. George Roger Waters was born on 6 September 1943, the younger of two boys, to Mary and Eric Fletcher Waters, in Great Bookham, Surrey. His father, the son of a miner and Labour Party activist, was a schoolteacher, a devout Christian. In the early years of the Second World War, his father was a conscientious objector who drove an ambulance during the Blitz. He later changed his stance on pacifism, joined the Territorial Army and was commissioned into the 8th Battalion and he was killed five months later on 18 February 1944 at Aprilia, during the Battle of Anzio, when Roger was five months old. He is commemorated at the Cassino War Cemetery, on 18 February 2014, Waters unveiled a monument to his father and other war casualties in Aprilia, and was made an honorary citizen of Anzio. Following her husbands death, Mary Waters, also a teacher, Roger Waters earliest memory is of the V-J Day celebrations

27.
Andrey Makarevich
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Andrey Vadimovich Makarevich PAR is a Soviet and Russian rock musician and the founder of Russias oldest still active rock band Mashina Vremeni. Makarevich was born in Moscow to mixed heritage parents of Belarusian, Polish aristocracy, Greek and he graduated from Moscow Institute of Architecture as a graphics artist. As a youth, Makarevich was a big fan of English rock band The Beatles, in 1969, he founded Mashina Vremeni, a rock band largely inspired by western rock and blues of the time. He is the singer and guitarist. While their music is written by all the members, Makarevich is the bands exclusive lyrics writer, Mashina Vremeni had a big influence into development of rock music in USSR. Makarevich also released eight albums, participated in regular TV shows and assisted other groups. He authored several collections and two volumes of memoirs. Makarevich is also interested in painting and he accompanied Mikhail Gorbachev on his solo album in 2009. Makarevich performed for Ukraines internally displaced people during the war in Donbass in the Ukrainian town Svyatogorsk in August 2014, deputy of the State Duma Yevgeny Alexeyevich Fyodorov vowed to strip Makarevich of all Russian state honors, describing his performance in Svyatogorsk as collaborating with the fascists. Later that month, NTV aired a documentary titled 13 Friends of the Junta in which Makarevich was described as a traitor, the Moscow Times reported that footage of his concert was merged with images of the fighting that he supposedly endorsed. The program never mentions that the concert was for the benefit of Ukraines internally displaced children, in July 2015, Makarevich together with Ukrainian band Haydamaky and Polish singer Maciej Maleńczuk presented a new song, Only love will keep you alive. The lyrics of the song are written in three languages – Russian, Ukrainian and Polish, in 2014 Makarevich received the Dr. Rainer Hildebrandt Human Rights Award endowed by Alexandra Hildebrandt. The award is annually in recognition of extraordinary, non-violent commitment to human rights. Д. Три окна – successor of Smak Подводный мир с Андреем Макаревичем Makarevich played an important acting role in Eldar Ryazanovs 2000 film Tikhiye omuty and he has also composed music for a number of films. 1991—1993 – Совместная выставка с А, 1991—1993 – Серия передвижных выставок по городам России. 1994 – Андрей Макаревич, Андрей Белле

28.
David Tukhmanov
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David Fyodorovich Tukhmanov PAR is a Soviet and Russian composer. Peoples Artist of Russia, State Prize of Russian Federation, Tukhmanov is the son of the engineer, the Armenian Fyodor Davidovich Tukhmanov and the teacher of music Vera Anatolyevna Karasyova. He had engaged in music under the direction of mother and wrote first piece of music, then he finished Gnesins musical school and composers branch of Gnesins Musical College. His degrees work was the oratorio for soloists, chorus and an orchestra Distance After Distance, Tukhmanov is known for the Soviet hits such as Victory Day and other very popular songs. His first hit was Last Electrichka, in 1972 Tukhmanov has released his first authors album How the World is Fine and further he created an album-suite On a Wave of My Memory. In 1973 Tukhmanov wrote songs and music for TV film These Cheerful Planet, in the next year he released soundtrack album, which included also other songs. The idea of On a Wave of My Memory belonged to Tatyana Sashko, the wife of David Tukhmanov and it was the first conceptual Russian album. In 1972, How Beautiful is the World was released as a trial work, some amateurs of rock said that On a Wave of My Memory is a Russian Sergeant. I would prefer to recollect «great albums» of Pink Floyd, but I want to tell about another, imagine the circle and place the tracks clockwise. In 1982 Moscva released an album UFO, Musical critic Yuri Filinov has noted that UFO «is rather far from structure of thinking in Western rock». Filinov also has defined an album as noncommercial disk, perhaps, before of these fact Tukhmanov ceased to write songs for the band. In the spring of 1984 Noskov left the band, and soon he recorded Tukhmanovs song Night, in 1985 Moscva recorded Tukhmanovs song XXIII Century. In 1984 and in 1985 Tukhmanov wrote five songs for Alexander Barykins Carnaval, in the same years he wrote all songs for mini-album of Estonian Soviet pop singer Jaak Joala Love Itself. In 1985 Tukhmanov also has released an album War Songs, dedicating to the 40th anniversary of Soviet victory in Second World War, in 1986 Tukhmanov wrote music and songs for TV film The Travel of M. Perrichon. In the next year he has released his soundtrack album. In 1986 Tukhmanov also organized pop band Electroclub, which released three albums, in 1989, after his work with Electroclub, Tukhmanov created the musical Thief of Bagdad. Premiere has taken place in 1990 — in Moscow and in Sverdlovsk and this musical is directed till now in many cities of Russia. After the disintegration of USSR Tukhmanov emigrated to Germany, in 1995 he returned and wrote together with Entin six cycles of songs for children

29.
Britney Spears
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Britney Jean Spears is an American singer, dancer, and actress. Born in McComb, Mississippi, and raised in Kentwood, Louisiana, she performed acting roles in stage productions, Spearss first and second studio albums. Baby One More Time and Oops. I Did It Again, became international successes, with the former becoming the album by a teenage solo artist. Title tracks. Baby One More Time and Oops, I Did It Again broke international sales records. In 2001, Spears released her third studio album, Britney. She assumed creative control of her studio album, In the Zone. In 2007, Spearss much-publicized personal issues sent her career into hiatus and her fifth studio album, Blackout, was released later that year, and spawned singles such as Gimme More and Piece of Me. Her erratic behavior and hospitalizations continued through the year, at which point she was placed under a still ongoing conservatorship. Spearss sixth studio album, Circus, included the international chart-topping single Womanizer and her seventh studio album, Femme Fatale, became her first to yield three top-ten singles in the United States. She released her studio album Britney Jean in 2013. Later that year, Spears began the four-year residency show, Britney, Piece of Me, in 2016, Spears released her ninth studio album, Glory. Spears is regarded as a pop icon and credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s and she became the best-selling teenage artist of all time and garnered honorific titles including the Princess of Pop. In 2009, Billboard ranked her as the 8th overall Artist of the Decade, the Recording Industry Association of America lists Spears as the eighth top-selling female artist in the United States, with 34 million certified albums. She has sold 100 million albums and over 100 million singles worldwide making her one of the music artists of all time. According to Billboard Spears has sold about 22.38 million singles in digital downloads in US and is the fourth best-selling female artist since Nielsen SoundScan began. Forbes reported that Spears was the highest paid musician of 2012, with earnings of $58 million. Spears was born in McComb, Mississippi, the child of Lynne Irene Bridges and James Parnell Spears. Her maternal grandmother, Lillian Portell, was English, and one of Spearss maternal great-great-grandfathers was Maltese and her siblings are Bryan James and Jamie Lynn

30.
The Circus Starring Britney Spears
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The Circus Starring Britney Spears, commonly referred to as the Circus Tour, was the seventh concert tour by American singer Britney Spears. It was launched in support of her studio album, Circus. Rumors of a tour arose as early as October 2007, after Spears released her studio album Blackout, however. The tour was announced in December 2008, with dates for American. The stage was composed of three rings and set in-the-round to resemble an actual circus, fashion designers Dean and Dan Caten created the costumes. A giant cylinder screen was set above the stage to showcase videos, magician Ed Alonzo joined Spears during the second act. The setlist was composed generally from her albums In the Zone, Blackout, Spears announced she would tour Australia for the first time in June 2009. The Circus Starring Britney Spears was described as a pop extravaganza and it was divided into five segments. The Circus featured a metamorphosis of Spears from as a ringmaster to a slave, House of Fun displayed a series of upbeat numbers with different themes, including magic and military. It ended with a Bollywood-inspired performance and a ballad in which Spears performed while floating on a giant umbrella, freakshow/Peepshow featured a video interlude set to heavy metal music, and continued with dark and sexual performances. Electro Circ displayed energetic dance routines, and the encore consisted of a montage of Spearss music videos. Some changes were made to the show throughout the tour, several songs were remixed, Spears also performed Mannequin in selected European shows and covers of Duffy and Alanis Morissette songs on some North American dates. The Circus Starring Britney Spears generated positive to mixed reception from critics, while some praised its aesthetics and deemed it as an entertaining show, others criticized Spears lack of involvement during some segments. The tour was a success, with a total gross of $131.8 million. A great number of tickets were sold within a week of the tours announcement, the tour also broke attendance records in many cities and all the North American shows were sold out. It became the fifth highest grossing tour of 2009, and the sixth highest grossing tour ever by a female artist, the show generated controversy on the Australian leg after a reporter said that a great number of fans had walked out during the performances. On September 9,2007, Spears performed Gimme More, the single from her fifth studio album Blackout at the MTV Video Music Awards. Her last live performance had been during The M+Ms Tour in May of the same year and her singing, her dancing and even her wardrobe were all commented on extensively, and it was considered hurtful for her career

31.
Femme Fatale Tour
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The Femme Fatale Tour was the eighth concert tour by American recording artist Britney Spears. It was launched in support of her studio album Femme Fatale. It was officially announced in March 2011, with dates for North American venues revealed, the tour was initially planned as a co-headlining tour with Enrique Iglesias, but he canceled only hours after the announcement. The show is inspired by the concept of the femme fatale, the setlist was mostly composed of songs from Femme Fatale, although Spears also performed hits from her previous albums for her fans. Fashion designer Zaldy Goco created the costumes, in July 2011, Spears announced plans of playing a South American leg in territories she either had never been to or had not played for a long time. Spears has named the Femme Fatale Tour the best show of her career, the tour, divided in five segments, portrays a story in which Spears is a secret agent, who is chased by a stalker named Tormento Lancie, played by Rudolf Martin. The first section features her escaping from prison along with female inmates. The second segment displays upbeat dance numbers and ends with an inspired by Marilyn Monroe. The third section features an Egyptian theme with fireworks and acrobatics, the fourth segment displays energetic routines and motorcycle costumes. The encore begins with an interlude of Spears capturing the stalker. The Femme Fatale Tour received mixed to positive reviews from critics, some described it as Spears most entertaining show and praised her performance, while others criticized her dancing and lack of audience interaction. The Femme Fatale Tour grossed $6.2 million in the first ten shows, 3ality Digital filmed a special of the tour during the Toronto shows in August 2011 in 2D and 3D. The special, titled Britney Spears Live, The Femme Fatale Tour, BBC Worldwide acquired the rights to both 2D and 3D versions outside the United States. Worldwide, the Femme Fatale Tour was the eleventh highest-grossing tour of 2011,697,957 fans attended the shows worldwide, with an average attendance of 8,724, paying an average of $98.43. In an interview on Ryan Seacrests radio show on March 4,2011, on March 29,2011, following her performances on Good Morning America, she announced a co-headlining tour with Enrique Iglesias, starting in June 2011. Hours after the announcement, it was reported by Billboard that Iglesias had pulled out of the tour, ray Wedell of Billboard speculated that the reason may have been that Spears was deemed by news outlets as the headliner, while Iglesias was considered the opening act. The first twenty-six North American dates were announced on March 29,2011. The opening acts were announced on April 12,2011, Spears stated, This is the Femme Fatale tour and Im thrilled to have Nicki Minaj, Jessie and the Toy Boys, and Nervo join me and get everyone on the dance floor

32.
Limp Bizkit
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Limp Bizkit is an American rap rock band from Jacksonville, Florida, formed in 1994. Their lineup consists of Fred Durst, Sam Rivers, John Otto and their music is marked by Dursts angry vocal delivery and Borlands sonic experimentation. Borlands elaborate visual appearance, which includes face and body paint, masks and uniforms, the band has been nominated for three Grammy Awards, have sold 40 million records worldwide and won several other awards. Borland left the group in 2001, but Durst, Rivers, Otto and Lethal continued to record and tour with guitarist Mike Smith. Following the release of their album, Results May Vary, Borland rejoined the band and recorded The Unquestionable Truth with Durst, Rivers, Lethal and they are currently recording their seventh studio album, Stampede of the Disco Elephants. Fred Durst grew up in Jacksonville, Florida, where he took an interest in breakdancing, hip hop, punk rock and he began to rap, skate, beatbox and deejay. While mowing lawns and working as a tattoo artist, he developed an idea for a band that combined elements of rock and hip hop. Durst played with three bands, Split 26, Malachi Sage, which were unsuccessful, and 10 Foot Shindig. Durst told Sam Rivers, the bassist for Malachi Sage, You need to quit this band and start a band with me thats like this, rappin and rockin. Rivers suggested that his cousin, John Otto, who was studying jazz drumming at the Douglas Anderson School of the Arts and playing in local avant garde bands, Durst, Rivers and Otto jammed and wrote three songs together, and Wes Borland later joined as a guitarist. Durst named the band Limp Bizkit, because he wanted a name that would repel listeners, according to Durst, The name is there to turn peoples heads away. A lot of people pick up the disc and go, Limp Bizkit and those are the people that we dont even want listening to our music. Other names that were considered by Durst included Gimp Disco, Split Dickslit, Bitch Piglet, every record label that showed an interest in the band pressured its members to change its name. Limp Bizkit developed a following in the underground music scene, particularly at the Milk Bar. The bands local popularity was such that Sugar Ray, who had a label contract. Milkbar owner, Danny Wimmer, stated that Limp Bizkit had the biggest draw for a local band and they went from playing ten people to eight hundred within months. Fred was always marketing the band and he would go to record stores and get people involved, he was in touch with high schools. However, the band knew that to achieve success, they would have to distinguish themselves in their live performances

33.
Paul McCartney
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Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, he gained fame with the rock band the Beatles, largely considered the most popular. His songwriting partnership with Lennon is the most celebrated of the post-war era, after the bands break-up, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine. McCartney has been recognised as one of the most successful composers and performers of all time, More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song Yesterday, more than any other copyrighted song in history. Wings 1977 release Mull of Kintyre is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr all received The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1965, McCartney has released an extensive catalogue of songs as a solo artist and has composed classical and electronic music. He has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to subjects as animal rights, seal hunting, land mines, vegetarianism, poverty. He has married three times and is the father of five children, James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 in Walton Hospital, Liverpool, England, where his mother, Mary Patricia, had qualified to practise as a nurse. His father, James McCartney, was absent from his sons birth due to his work as a firefighter during World War II. Paul has one brother, Michael. Though the children were baptised in their mothers Catholic faith, their father was a former Protestant turned agnostic, McCartney attended Stockton Wood Road Primary School in Speke from 1947 until 1949, when he transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School in Belle Vale because of overcrowding at Stockton. In 1953, with three others out of ninety examinees, he passed the 11-Plus exam, meaning he could attend the Liverpool Institute. In 1954, he met schoolmate George Harrison on the bus from his home in Speke. The two quickly became friends, McCartney later admitted, I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger. McCartneys mother Mary was a midwife and the primary wage earner, her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton. She rode a bicycle to her patients, McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at about three in the morning streets, on 31 October 1956, when McCartney was fourteen, his mother died of an embolism. McCartneys loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, McCartneys father was a trumpet player and pianist, who had led Jim Macs Jazz Band in the 1920s. He kept a piano in the front room, encouraged his sons to be musical and advised Paul to take piano lessons

34.
On the Run (Paul McCartney)
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On the Run was a concert tour by English singer-songwriter Paul McCartney. The tour began on 15 July 2011, with McCartneys first two concerts at Yankee Stadium in New York City. McCartneys appearances at Yankee Stadium occurred nearly two years to the day after his 17,18, and 21 July 2009 concerts at Citi Field, the tour was promoted by AEG Live, and six of the eight shows in the first leg were presented by HP. The Mexican concerts were promoted by Nextel, in an interview with Billboard in February 2012, McCartney said of his tour band, Arent they cool. Were having a great time, and last year we played quite a few dates. Theyre such a pleasure to play with and we all enjoy each others company and the musicianship, and next month we will have been playing together 10 years. Thats long enough to us a proper band. In response to overwhelming demand for tickets to McCartneys 15 July Yankee Stadium debut. In Montevideo, Uruguay all tickets were sold-out in about 40 minutes, on 15 April, McCartney performed for over a 54,000 sold out crowd in the Estadio Centenario for the first time in Uruguay. The artist also visited Asunción, Paraguay for the first time in his career, in the Defensores del Chaco stadium he gave a show for more than 30,000 fans. He claimed after the show in his website that he will never forget the lively Paraguayan crowd, on 27 March,29,000 tickets for McCartneys 19 April first ever show in Colombia became available,24 hours later 90% of the tickets were already sold. Days before the concert 2,000 extra tickets became available, hours before McCartney performed for the very first time in Colombia, less than 900 tickets hadnt been sold, which made the concert a sold-out show. Paul performed for a 32,000 crowd at the Stadium El Campin for more than two hours and a half and declared that the audience in the show where possibly the best one he have had during all his career. Paul McCartney performed on 5 May 2012 at Omnilife Stadium at Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, nYtimes. com - By Dave Itzkoff, New York Times

35.
Red Square
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Red Square is a city square in Moscow, Russia. It separates the Kremlin, the royal citadel and currently the official residence of the President of Russia. Red Square is often considered the central square of Moscow since Moscows major streets, the name Red Square neither originates from the pigment of the surrounding bricks nor from the link between the colour red and communism. Rather, the name came about because the Russian word красная, several ancient Russian towns, such as Suzdal, Yelets, and Pereslavl-Zalessky, have their main square named Krasnaya ploshchad. The rich history of Red Square is reflected in paintings by Vasily Surikov, Konstantin Yuon. The square was meant to serve as Moscows main marketplace and it was also the site of various public ceremonies and proclamations, and occasionally a coronation for Russias Tsars would take place. The square has been built up since that point and has been used for official ceremonies by all Russian governments since it was established. The relevant decrees were issued in 1493 and 1495 and they called for the demolition of all buildings within 110 sazhens of the wall. Three square gates existed on this side of the wall, which in the 17th century, were known as, the last two are directly opposite Red Square, while the Konstantino-Elenensky gate was located behind Saint Basils Cathedral. In the early 19th century, the Arch of Konstantino-Elenensky gate was paved with bricks, from this gate, wooden and stone bridges stretched across the moat. Books were sold on this bridge and stone platforms were built nearby for guns – raskats, the Tsar Cannon was located on the platform of the Lobnoye mesto. The square was called Veliky Torg or simply Torg, then Troitskaya by the name of the small Troitskaya Church, after that, the square held the name Pozhar, which means burnt. It was not until 1661–62, when it was first mentioned by its contemporary Krasnaya – Red name, Red Square was the landing stage and trade centre for Moscow. Ivan the Great decreed that trade should only be conducted from person to person, but in time, after a fire in 1547, Ivan the Terrible reorganised the lines of wooden shops on the Eastern side into market lines. The streets Ilyinka and Varvarka were divided into the Upper lines, Middle lines and Bottom lines, after a few years, the Cathedral of Intercession of the Virgin, commonly known as Saint Basils Cathedral, was built on the moat under the rule of Ivan IV. This was the first building which gave the square its present-day characteristic silhouette, in 1595, the wooden market lines were replaced with stone. By that time, a platform for the proclamation of the tsars edicts. Red Square was considered a sacred place, during the expulsion of Poles from Moscow in 1612, Prince Dmitry Pozharsky entered the Kremlin through the square

36.
The MDNA Tour
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The MDNA Tour was the ninth concert tour by American singer-songwriter Madonna. It showcased material from her studio album, MDNA. The tour visited the Americas, Europe, and the Middle East and this marked the singers first performances in the United Arab Emirates, Ukraine, Scotland, and Colombia. The tour was planned to reach Australia in January 2013 but was cancelled. Madonna described the tour as the journey of a soul from darkness to light, the tour has received mostly positive reception from critics. The tour courted many controversial subjects such as violence, firearms, human rights, nudity, lawsuits threatened against Madonna have also been engaged from the tour. The MDNA Tour created immense success at the box office and many venues were sold out. It was dubbed as the tour of 2012 by Billboard. Madonna broke the record for occupying the top two highest-grossing female tours of all time, Madonna accepted the Top Touring Artist of the year at the 2013 Billboard Music Awards. A concert special titled Madonna, The MDNA Tour aired on Epix in the United States on June 22 at 8,00 pm ET. The television special documented the November 19 and 20 shows at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, a live album, MDNA World Tour, was released on September 9,2013. After performing at Hope for Haiti telethon, MTV News, stated the singer will feature the cast of Glee on the forthcoming tour, the gesture was a show of appreciation for the episode featuring Madonnas hits. This information was followed by fansite DrownedMadonna releasing a proposed tour itinerary from Live Nation. The report showed the singer playing a tour beginning in New Zealand. It also showed dates in Australia, China, Southeast Asia, Europe, days later, many media outlets around the world posted the itinerary, causing Live Nation to respond to the reports authenticity. While promoting her first feature film, W. E, Madonna partnered with Smirnoff to produce a global dance contest. Called the Smirnoff Nightlife Exchange Project, the contest asked for dancers to submit footage to becoming a dancer on the forthcoming tour. Eleven finalists performed for Madonna and fans at the Roseland Ballroom in November 2011, the winner of the contest was Charles Riley

37.
Black Sabbath
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The band experienced multiple line-up changes, with Iommi being the only constant member throughout its history. Originally formed as a rock band, the group soon adopted the Black Sabbath moniker and began incorporating occult themes with horror-inspired lyrics. They also composed songs about social instability, political corruption and drugs, Osbournes regular use of alcohol and other drugs led to his dismissal from the band in 1979. He was replaced by former Rainbow vocalist Ronnie James Dio, in 1992, Iommi and Butler rejoined Dio and drummer Vinny Appice to record Dehumanizer. The original line-up reunited with Osbourne in 1997 and released a live album Reunion, Black Sabbaths final studio album and nineteenth overall,13, features all of the original members but Ward. A year after embarking on a tour, the band played their final concert in their home city of Birmingham on 4 February 2017. Iommi has stated, however, that he has not ruled out the possibility of new material or one-off shows under the Black Sabbath name, Black Sabbath are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music. The band helped define the genre with releases such as Black Sabbath, Paranoid and they were ranked by MTV as the Greatest Metal Band of all time, and placed second in VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock list. Rolling Stone magazine ranked them number 85 in their 100 Greatest Artists of All Time and they have sold over 70 million records worldwide. Black Sabbath were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005 and they have also won two Grammy Awards for Best Metal Performance. Following the break-up of their previous band Mythology in 1968, guitarist Tony Iommi and drummer Bill Ward sought to form a blues rock band in Aston. The new group was named the Polka Tulk Blues Band, the name taken either from a brand of talcum powder or an Indian/Pakistani clothing shop. The Polka Tulk Blues Band featured slide guitarist Jimmy Phillips, a friend of Osbournes. After shortening the name to Polka Tulk, the band changed their name to Earth and continued as a four-piece without Phillips. Iommi became concerned that Phillips and Clarke lacked the dedication and were not taking the band seriously. Rather than asking them to leave, they decided to break up. While the band was performing under the Earth title, they recorded several demos written by Norman Haines such as The Rebel, Song for Jim, the demo titled Song for Jim was in reference to Jim Simpson. Jim Simpson was a manager for the bands Bakerloo Blues Line, Simpson was also a trumpet player for the group Locomotive

38.
The End Tour
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The End Tour was the farewell tour of the heavy metal band Black Sabbath, featuring founding members Ozzy Osbourne, Tony Iommi and Geezer Butler. The tour concluded Sabbaths 40+ year career, the bands final show was February 4,2017, in their home city of Birmingham, UK. Initial dates were announced in a video posted on the bands YouTube channel on September 3,2015 with more dates announced in October 2015. As with the tour, Tommy Clufetos filled in for original drummer Bill Ward, due to the latters departure. An eight-track EP, entitled The End, was released to coincide with this tour and was available at shows. Rival Sons were the support act for all of Black Sabbaths headlining shows. Osbourne said of the tour, this is it, its definitely run its course. The tour concluded on February 4,2017 with the two gigs being played in the bands native Birmingham. The last show was streamed live on the bands Facebook page, prior to the gig, Ozzy discussed his emotions he was feeling, suggesting he would cry after the farewell. Osborne was adamant this is the end, but intends to carry on with solo work, Iommi confirmed no more world tours, but remains open to a new album or one-off show. Iommi had been diagnosed with lymphoma in 2012, and the toll of touring on his health was the reason to end touring. Osborne had intended to say something to the crowd but did not prepare a speech and he closed the show with a simple statement to the crowd Thank you, goodnight, thank you so much. I. B. Hand of Doom Supernaut / Sabbath Bloody Sabbath / Megalomania Rat Salad Iron Man God Is Dead, dirty Women Children of the Grave Paranoid Zeitgeist The tour grossed $73.9 million in 2016, with 956,139 tickets sold from 65 shows. Official Black Sabbath site Black Sabbath on Facebook Black Sabbath on Twitter

39.
Green Day
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Green Day is an American punk rock band formed in 1986 by lead vocalist and guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and bassist Mike Dirnt. For much of the career, the band has been a trio with drummer Tré Cool. Guitarist Jason White, who has worked with the band as a member since 1999, was an official member from 2012 to 2016. Green Day was originally part of the scene at the DIY924 Gilman Street club in Berkeley. The bands early releases were with the independent record label Lookout, in 1994, its major label debut Dookie became a breakout success and eventually shipped over 10 million copies in the U. S. The bands rock opera, American Idiot, reignited the bands popularity with a younger generation, the bands eighth studio album, 21st Century Breakdown, was released in 2009 and achieved the bands best chart performance to date. 21st Century Breakdown was followed up by a trilogy of albums called ¡Uno, ¡Dos. and ¡Tré. which were released in September, November and December 2012 respectively. The bands twelfth album, Revolution Radio was released on October 7,2016 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Green Day has sold more than 85 million records worldwide, in 2010, a stage adaptation of American Idiot debuted on Broadway. The musical was nominated for three Tony Awards, Best Musical, Best Scenic Design and Best Lighting Design, losing only the first, also in 2010, Green Day was ranked no.91 in the VH1 list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. On April 18,2015, the band was inducted into the Rock, in 1986, friends Billie Joe Armstrong and Mike Dirnt,14 years old at the time, formed a band called Sweet Children. The groups first live performance took place on October 17,1987, at Rods Hickory Pit in Vallejo, in 1988, Armstrong and Dirnt began working with former Isocracy drummer John Kiffmeyer, also known as Al Sobrante. As said in the film Punks Not Dead, Armstrong cites the band Operation Ivy as an influence. In 1988, Larry Livermore, owner of Lookout, Records, saw the band play an early show and signed the group to his label. In 1989, the band recorded its debut extended play,1,000 Hours, before 1,000 Hours was released, the group dropped the name Sweet Children, according to Livermore, this was done to avoid confusion with another local band Sweet Baby. The band adopted the name Green Day, due to the fondness for cannabis. Released Green Days debut studio album, 39/Smooth in early 1990, Records re-released 39/Smooth under the name 1, 039/Smoothed Out Slappy Hours, and added the songs from the bands first two EPs, Slappy, and 1,000 Hours. In late 1990, shortly after the bands first nationwide tour, Kiffmeyer left the East Bay area to attend Humboldt State University in Arcata, California

40.
99 Revolutions Tour
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99 Revolutions Tour was a concert tour by American punk rock band Green Day in support of the bands trilogy, ¡Uno. ¡Tré. that took place in 2013, before the announcement of the trilogy, the band had been playing secret shows, revealing previously unheard songs. The first of these shows was on August 14 at the Tiki Bar in Costa Mesa, after the announcement of the trilogy, the band began performing promotional shows leading up to the tour which kicked off on March 10,2013, in Pomona, Californias Pomona Fox Theater. In 2014 following the 99 Revolutions Tour, Green Day headlined the Soundwave Festival Tour in 2014 in Australia, the tour was the first time Green Day had ever performed their 1994 album Dookie in its entirety. This was done for five shows towards the end of the tour to celebrate the albums 20th anniversary and this tour is also notable for having the bands first major live shows since its release not to end the show with a performance of Good Riddance. Rather substituting it for Brutal Love, the rock ballad track to their album. Jimmy Basket Case She King for a Day X-Kid Minority Encore, the album Dookie was performed in its entirety during the English leg of the tour, to commemorate twenty years since the album was recorded

41.
Timeless 2013
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Timeless 2013 is the sixth live album by French singer-songwriter Mylène Farmer. It was released on December 9,2013 in France by Polydor Records, the album documents the Timeless tours performances at the Halle Tony Garnier in Lyon, France. A concert film directed by François Hanss was screened in more than one hundred cinemas across France, Belgium, the film was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on 16 May,2014. The album does not contain Elle a dit, Je te dis tout, three days before the launch of the Timeless Tour, Francois Hanss confirmed on Twitter that the shows in Lyon, France will be filmed for a future concert film. Rumors began to surface about a release date for a live album. French record stores received pre-order forms for the album, thus confirming the release date of the album for December 9,2013, on October 30,2013, Polydor Records officially announced the title and track listing for Timeless 2013. To promote the album, Polydor launched a site for the album. Five teaser videos are scheduled to be released at 6 pm on November 25, November 29, December 2, December 4, a 20 second television spot has been released on November 27,2013. On December 2,2013, Polydor announced that Diabolique mon ange will be the first single from the live album and it was released to radio stations on December 4,2013. Timeless 2013 had record-breaking sales for an album in France

42.
Thirty Seconds to Mars
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Thirty Seconds to Mars is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1998. The band consists of Jared Leto, Shannon Leto and Tomo Miličević, the bands debut album,30 Seconds to Mars, was produced by Bob Ezrin and released to positive reviews but only to limited commercial success. The band achieved fame with the release of their second album A Beautiful Lie. Their next release, This Is War, showed an evolution in the bands musical style. The recording process of the album was marked by a dispute with record label EMI that eventually became the subject of the documentary film Artifact. Thirty Seconds to Mars then moved to Universal Music and released the album, Love, Lust, Faith and Dreams. As of September 2014, the band had sold over 15 million albums worldwide, Thirty Seconds to Mars has consistently enjoyed sold out tours and numerous headlining festival slots. The band is noted for its live performances and for fusing many music genres. They have been compared to the sounds of such as Pink Floyd, The Cure, Tool. Thirty Seconds to Mars has received awards and accolades throughout their career, including a Guinness World Record. List of best artists of the 2000s, Thirty Seconds to Mars started in 1998 in Los Angeles, California, as a collaboration between brothers Jared Leto and Shannon Leto, who had been playing music together since their childhood. The duo later expanded to a four-piece when they added guitarist Solon Bixler, additional guitarist Kevin Drake, who first auditioned for the position of bassist, also joined the band as a touring musician. The band played its first concerts under different names, before settling on the name Thirty Seconds to Mars. Jared Leto spoke of the name as a reference, a translation from the book. I think the idea is interesting, its a metaphor for the future, Thirty seconds to Mars—the fact that were so close to something thats not a tangible idea. Also Mars being the God of War makes it really interesting and you could substitute that in there, but whats important for my brother and I, is that it be imaginative and really represent the sound of our music in as unique a way as possible. He described it as a name that works on different levels, a phrase that is lyrical, suggestive, cinematic. When Thirty Seconds to Mars first started, Jared Leto did not allow his vocation as a Hollywood actor to be used in promotion of the band, by 1998, the group performed gigs at small American venues and clubs

The Bandy World Championship is a competition between bandy-playing nations' men's teams. The tournament is …

A record eighteen countries participated in the World Championships of 2016 and 2017. Blue means Division A countries, red Division B countries and green the other FIB members. Latvia, which was relegated from Division A in 2016, made a late cancellation in 2017.

The old outdoor arena in Västerås, where Finland in 2004 won the final for the so far only time