This chapter analyzes transnational efforts to develop a global competition regime during the first half of the 20th century. It reveals that these early experiences were far richer and had far more ...
More

This chapter analyzes transnational efforts to develop a global competition regime during the first half of the 20th century. It reveals that these early experiences were far richer and had far more influence on subsequent developments than is typically assumed. At the International Economic Conference in 1926 there was widespread international concern about the effects of private restraints on global competition, and there was broad support for multilateral agreement to combat these harms. Depression and war submerged the idea, but it acquired even more support after the Second World War, when it was included in the proposals for an International Trade Organization that was part of the post-war plans to create international economic organizations that could foster economic development and deter economic disruptions. The Cold War forced the US to abandon plans for the ITO, but competition law had now become well-known in many countries, and these early experiences would influence not only many national developments, but also European integration.Less

Global Competition Law: A Project Conceived and Abandoned

David J. Gerber

Published in print: 2010-03-11

This chapter analyzes transnational efforts to develop a global competition regime during the first half of the 20th century. It reveals that these early experiences were far richer and had far more influence on subsequent developments than is typically assumed. At the International Economic Conference in 1926 there was widespread international concern about the effects of private restraints on global competition, and there was broad support for multilateral agreement to combat these harms. Depression and war submerged the idea, but it acquired even more support after the Second World War, when it was included in the proposals for an International Trade Organization that was part of the post-war plans to create international economic organizations that could foster economic development and deter economic disruptions. The Cold War forced the US to abandon plans for the ITO, but competition law had now become well-known in many countries, and these early experiences would influence not only many national developments, but also European integration.

This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on convent reforms in Havana, Cuba, carried out under the auspices of the Spanish Bourbon state and the Catholic Church during the ...
More

This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on convent reforms in Havana, Cuba, carried out under the auspices of the Spanish Bourbon state and the Catholic Church during the reigns of Charles III during the period from 1761 to 1808. The results indicate that female cloisters of Havana provide excellent case studies of the wide-reaching effects of the Bourbon Reform program. The findings also suggest that the convent reform had its roots in both the Council of Trent and the European Enlightenment and it was intended to enforce spiritual, economic, and social ideals.Less

Conclusion

John J. Clune

Published in print: 2008-03-01

This concluding chapter sums up the key findings of this study on convent reforms in Havana, Cuba, carried out under the auspices of the Spanish Bourbon state and the Catholic Church during the reigns of Charles III during the period from 1761 to 1808. The results indicate that female cloisters of Havana provide excellent case studies of the wide-reaching effects of the Bourbon Reform program. The findings also suggest that the convent reform had its roots in both the Council of Trent and the European Enlightenment and it was intended to enforce spiritual, economic, and social ideals.

This chapter explores the urban geographies of Cuban American residents in Miami as part of the Cuban diaspora. Arriving in a city with pronounced segregation between Black and Anglo residents, Cuban ...
More

This chapter explores the urban geographies of Cuban American residents in Miami as part of the Cuban diaspora. Arriving in a city with pronounced segregation between Black and Anglo residents, Cuban Americans formed enclaves in older middle-class residential neighborhoods in Miami, and today comprise more than 90 percent of the so-called Little Havana neighborhood. Cuba’s own housing policies and land reform are explored, as well.Less

Little Havana

Steven W. Bender

Published in print: 2010-09-29

This chapter explores the urban geographies of Cuban American residents in Miami as part of the Cuban diaspora. Arriving in a city with pronounced segregation between Black and Anglo residents, Cuban Americans formed enclaves in older middle-class residential neighborhoods in Miami, and today comprise more than 90 percent of the so-called Little Havana neighborhood. Cuba’s own housing policies and land reform are explored, as well.

This book explores Palo, a Kongo-inspired “society of affliction” that is poorly understood at the margins of Cuban popular religion. Narrated as an encounter with two teachers of Palo, the book ...
More

This book explores Palo, a Kongo-inspired “society of affliction” that is poorly understood at the margins of Cuban popular religion. Narrated as an encounter with two teachers of Palo, the book unfolds on the outskirts of Havana as it recounts his attempts to assimilate Palo praise of the dead. Coming to terms with a world in which everyday events and materials are composed of the dead, the author of this book discovers in Palo unexpected resources for understanding the relationship between matter and spirit, for rethinking anthropology's rendering of sorcery, and for representing the play of power in Cuban society. The book draws upon recent critiques of Western metaphysics as it reveals what this little-known practice can tell us about sensation, transformation, and redemption in the Black Atlantic.Less

Society of the Dead : Quita Manaquita and Palo Praise in Cuba

Todd Ochoa

Published in print: 2010-10-28

This book explores Palo, a Kongo-inspired “society of affliction” that is poorly understood at the margins of Cuban popular religion. Narrated as an encounter with two teachers of Palo, the book unfolds on the outskirts of Havana as it recounts his attempts to assimilate Palo praise of the dead. Coming to terms with a world in which everyday events and materials are composed of the dead, the author of this book discovers in Palo unexpected resources for understanding the relationship between matter and spirit, for rethinking anthropology's rendering of sorcery, and for representing the play of power in Cuban society. The book draws upon recent critiques of Western metaphysics as it reveals what this little-known practice can tell us about sensation, transformation, and redemption in the Black Atlantic.

This book looks at a much-misunderstood aspect of the Cuban Revolution: the place of literature and the creation of a literary culture. Based on over 100 interviews with a wide range of actors ...
More

This book looks at a much-misunderstood aspect of the Cuban Revolution: the place of literature and the creation of a literary culture. Based on over 100 interviews with a wide range of actors involved in the structures and processes that produce, regulate, promote and consume literature on the island, it goes beyond the conventional approach (the study of individual authors and texts) and the canon of texts known outside Cuba. The book thus presents a historical analysis of the evolution of literary culture from 1959 to the present, as well as a series of more detailed case studies (on writing workshops, the Havana Book Festival and the publishing infrastructure) that reveal how this culture is created in contemporary Cuba. It contributes a new and complex vision of revolutionary Cuban culture.Less

Literary culture in Cuba : Revolution, nation-building and the book

Par KumaraswamiAntoni Looseley

Published in print: 2012-11-30

This book looks at a much-misunderstood aspect of the Cuban Revolution: the place of literature and the creation of a literary culture. Based on over 100 interviews with a wide range of actors involved in the structures and processes that produce, regulate, promote and consume literature on the island, it goes beyond the conventional approach (the study of individual authors and texts) and the canon of texts known outside Cuba. The book thus presents a historical analysis of the evolution of literary culture from 1959 to the present, as well as a series of more detailed case studies (on writing workshops, the Havana Book Festival and the publishing infrastructure) that reveal how this culture is created in contemporary Cuba. It contributes a new and complex vision of revolutionary Cuban culture.

As long as the Americans remained abducted in the mountains, Batista's forces and planes were down. “One American is worth an anti-aircraft battery,” a rebel lieutenant stated. The Batista ...
More

As long as the Americans remained abducted in the mountains, Batista's forces and planes were down. “One American is worth an anti-aircraft battery,” a rebel lieutenant stated. The Batista administration once again appeared weak and powerless, not to mention helpless. It was again made manifest that the government of Cuba could not protect the foreigners working in their country. Nor could Havana help but allow the U.S. to negotiate with the government's enemies. The crisis drew attention to U.S. armaments deliveries, destroying U.S. claims to neutrality. The hostage crisis also forced Washington to stop delivery of the T-28 airplanes.Less

Frankenstein, Texaco, Nicaro, and a Toughened Attitude

Thomas G. Paterson

Published in print: 1995-12-14

As long as the Americans remained abducted in the mountains, Batista's forces and planes were down. “One American is worth an anti-aircraft battery,” a rebel lieutenant stated. The Batista administration once again appeared weak and powerless, not to mention helpless. It was again made manifest that the government of Cuba could not protect the foreigners working in their country. Nor could Havana help but allow the U.S. to negotiate with the government's enemies. The crisis drew attention to U.S. armaments deliveries, destroying U.S. claims to neutrality. The hostage crisis also forced Washington to stop delivery of the T-28 airplanes.

Word spread like bushfire about a series of schemes to block the 26th of July Movement's road to glory. For instance, senior military officials led by Batista loyalist General Francisco Tabernilla ...
More

Word spread like bushfire about a series of schemes to block the 26th of July Movement's road to glory. For instance, senior military officials led by Batista loyalist General Francisco Tabernilla approached one of Castro's underground leaders in Havana. They offered to replace Batista with a civil-military junta comprising of commander of army groups in Santiago. Colonel Florentino Rosell, Tabernilla's emissary, stated that the U.S. would quickly recognize the new government. Rebel intermediary Pepe Echemendia told Castro that he was informed that the proposal was tackled with the “the North American Embassy.” Echemendia also stated he knew about other anti-Batista schemes.Less

U.S. Third-Force Conspiracies and Batista's Flight

Thomas G. Paterson

Published in print: 1995-12-14

Word spread like bushfire about a series of schemes to block the 26th of July Movement's road to glory. For instance, senior military officials led by Batista loyalist General Francisco Tabernilla approached one of Castro's underground leaders in Havana. They offered to replace Batista with a civil-military junta comprising of commander of army groups in Santiago. Colonel Florentino Rosell, Tabernilla's emissary, stated that the U.S. would quickly recognize the new government. Rebel intermediary Pepe Echemendia told Castro that he was informed that the proposal was tackled with the “the North American Embassy.” Echemendia also stated he knew about other anti-Batista schemes.

Washington became convinced that Fidel Castro threatened U.S. security and its economic plans as well as core values that he had to be stripped down to the government of Cuba. The regime's execution ...
More

Washington became convinced that Fidel Castro threatened U.S. security and its economic plans as well as core values that he had to be stripped down to the government of Cuba. The regime's execution of bastianos, postponement of elections, calls for revolution in the whole of Latin America widened the gap between Havana and Washington. Castro stated: “What do Americans know about... a tyrant's atrocities except in the novels and movies?” When Castro visited the United States in April 1959 under the sponsorship of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Eisenhower deliberately ignored him by leaving to play golf.Less

Failing the Tests: The United States and Cuba in the Castro Era

Thomas G. Paterson

Published in print: 1995-12-14

Washington became convinced that Fidel Castro threatened U.S. security and its economic plans as well as core values that he had to be stripped down to the government of Cuba. The regime's execution of bastianos, postponement of elections, calls for revolution in the whole of Latin America widened the gap between Havana and Washington. Castro stated: “What do Americans know about... a tyrant's atrocities except in the novels and movies?” When Castro visited the United States in April 1959 under the sponsorship of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, Eisenhower deliberately ignored him by leaving to play golf.

The institutional provisions of the GATT have been overtaken by the provision included in the Agreement Establishing the WTO. The Agreement Establishing the WTO largely replicated the GATT approach ...
More

The institutional provisions of the GATT have been overtaken by the provision included in the Agreement Establishing the WTO. The Agreement Establishing the WTO largely replicated the GATT approach to institutional life: consensus remains the default rule for adopting decisions, except for dispute settlement. This chapter examines GATT and WTO provisions relating to participation, the decision making process, dispute settlement, waivers, transparency, and the relationship with the Havana Charter.Less

Institutional Provisions

Petros C. Mavroidis

Published in print: 2008-07-31

The institutional provisions of the GATT have been overtaken by the provision included in the Agreement Establishing the WTO. The Agreement Establishing the WTO largely replicated the GATT approach to institutional life: consensus remains the default rule for adopting decisions, except for dispute settlement. This chapter examines GATT and WTO provisions relating to participation, the decision making process, dispute settlement, waivers, transparency, and the relationship with the Havana Charter.

This book is about insignificant experiences, fleeting events, and minor intimacies felt at the limits of our reason. It traces the Kongo-inspired society of affliction called Palo and its ...
More

This book is about insignificant experiences, fleeting events, and minor intimacies felt at the limits of our reason. It traces the Kongo-inspired society of affliction called Palo and its practitioner-teachers in Havana. These men and women instruct their initiates in forms of thinking that celebrate the fleetingly visceral apprehension of the dead as the basis for knowledge and action. Palo is a craft of working with the dead to transform the fates of the living. For this reason, it is widely feared in Cuba as a form of witchcraft, a tag that practitioners of Palo do not reject. It is as much the art of crafting matter into fatefully powerful substances, as it is a narrative art that creates shapes of hope and fear from the silences that pervade our everyday lives. Despite the considerable air of dread that surrounds it, Cubans of all sorts are drawn to Palo when their immediate prospects seem to sour and despair enters their lives.Less

Introduction

Todd Ramón Ochoa

Published in print: 2010-10-28

This book is about insignificant experiences, fleeting events, and minor intimacies felt at the limits of our reason. It traces the Kongo-inspired society of affliction called Palo and its practitioner-teachers in Havana. These men and women instruct their initiates in forms of thinking that celebrate the fleetingly visceral apprehension of the dead as the basis for knowledge and action. Palo is a craft of working with the dead to transform the fates of the living. For this reason, it is widely feared in Cuba as a form of witchcraft, a tag that practitioners of Palo do not reject. It is as much the art of crafting matter into fatefully powerful substances, as it is a narrative art that creates shapes of hope and fear from the silences that pervade our everyday lives. Despite the considerable air of dread that surrounds it, Cubans of all sorts are drawn to Palo when their immediate prospects seem to sour and despair enters their lives.