Ian Buruma and Avishai Margalit, Occidentalism: The West in
the Eyes of Its Enemies [A good essay, and nice at showing how
common counter-Enlightenment themes are and have been. They suggest that it's
a kind of response to the process of modernization, which is very plausible,
and reminiscent of Gellner's remark that the
French philosophes were, themselves, the first modernizing
intellectuals, concerned about the comparative under-development of their
society. However, this book is quite weak on actual analysis, and it's often
not clear if they're implying, e.g., causal, historical connections between the
different movements they discuss, or merely parallel adaptations to similar
environments, or what. For that matter, it's not at all clear how one would
even establish, in a reliable way, an association between this kind of
thinking and modernization, both terms being more than a little vague.]

Don Herzog, Poisoning the Minds of the Lower Orders
[This might be summarized as "The birth of conservatism out of the spirit
of contempt."]

Stephen Holmes, The Anatomy of Anti-Liberalism
[Intellectual history and critique; excellent.]