AVR32

avr32 linux, avr32 development board
The AVR32 is a 32-bit RISC microcontroller architecture produced by Atmel The microcontroller architecture was designed by a handful of people educated at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, including lead designer Øyvind Strøm, PhD and CPU architect Erik Renno, MSc in Atmel's Norwegian design center

Most instructions are executed in a single-cycle The multiply–accumulate unit can perform a 32-bit × 16-bit + 48-bit arithmetic operation in two cycles result latency, issued once per cycle

It does not resemble the 8-bit AVR, even though they were both designed at Atmel Norway, in Trondheim Some of the debug-tools are similar

Contents

1 Architecture

2 Implementations

3 Devices

31 AP7 core

32 UC3 core

4 Boards

5 See also

6 References

7 External links

Architectureedit

The AVR32 has at least two micro-architectures, the AVR32A and AVR32B These differ in the instruction set architecture, register configurations and the use of caches for instructions and data1

The AVR32A CPU cores are for inexpensive applications They do not provide dedicated hardware registers for shadowing the register file, status and return address in interrupts This saves chip area at the expense of slower interrupt-handling

The AVR32B CPU cores are designed for fast interrupts They have dedicated registers to hold these values for interrupts, exceptions and supervisor calls The AVR32B cores also support a Java virtual machine in hardware2

The AVR32 instruction set has 16-bit compact and 32-bit extended instructions, similar to eg some ARM, with several specialized instructions not found in older ARMv5 or ARMv6 or MIPS32 Several US patents are filed for the AVR32 ISA and design platform

Just like the AVR 8-bit microcontroller architecture, the AVR32 was designed for high code density packing much function in few instructions and fast instructions with few clock cycles Atmel used the independent benchmark consortium EEMBC to benchmark the architecture with various compilers and consistently outperformed both ARMv5 16-bit Thumb code and ARMv5 32-bit ARM code by as much as 50% on code-size and 3× on performancecitation needed

Atmel says the "picoPower" AVR32 AT32UC3L consumes less than 048 mW/MHz in active mode, which it claimed, at the time, used less power than any other 32-bit CPU3 Then in March 2015, they claim their new Cortex-M0+-based microcontrollers, using ARM Holdings' ARM architecture, not their own instruction set, "has broken all ultra-low power performance barriers to date"4

Implementationsedit

The AVR32 architecture is used only in Atmel's own products In 2006, Atmel launched the AVR32A: The AVR32 AP7 core, a 7-stage pipelined, cache-based design platform2 This "AP7000" implements the AVR32B architecture, and supports SIMD single instruction multiple data DSP digital signal processing instructions to the RISC instruction-set, in addition to Java hardware acceleration It includes a Memory Management Unit MMU and supports operating systems like Linux In early 2009, the rumored AP7200 follow-on processor was held back, with resources going into other chips

In 2007, Atmel launched the second AVR32: The AVR32 UC3 core This is designed for microcontrollers, using on-chip flash memory for program storage and running without an MMU memory management unit The AVR32 UC3 core uses a three-stage pipelined Harvard architecture specially designed to optimize instruction fetches from on-chip flash memory5 The AVR32 UC3 core implements the AVR32A architecture It shares the same instruction set architecture ISA as its AP7 sibling, but differs by not including the optional SIMD instructions or Java support It shares more than 220 instructions with the AVR32B The ISA features atomic bit manipulation to control on-chip peripherals and general purpose I/Os and fixed point DSP arithmetic

Both implementations can be combined with a compatible set of peripheral controllers and buses first seen in the AT91SAM ARM-based platforms Some peripherals first seen in the AP7000, such as the high speed USB peripheral controller, and standalone DMA controller, appeared later in updated ARM9 platforms and then in the ARM Cortex-M3 based products

Both AVR32 cores include a Nexus class 2+ based On-Chip Debug framework build with JTAG

The UC3 core, announced at the Electronica 2010 in Munich Germany on November 10, 2010, is the first 32-bit AVR microcontroller with a floating-point unit6

Devicesedit

AP7 coreedit

On April 10, 2012 Atmel announced the End of Life of AP7 Core devices from April 4, 20137

AT32AP7000

AT32AP7001

AT32AP7002

UC3 coreedit

If the devicename ends in AU this is an Audio version, these allow the execution of Atmel licensed Audio firmware IPs

^ "SAM L family now the world's lowest power ARM Cortex-M based solution" March 30, 2015 Retrieved 27 April 2015 These Cortex-M0+-based MCUs can maintain system functionality, all while consuming just one-third the power of comparable products on the market today This device delivers ultra-low power running down to 35µA/MHz in active mode, consuming less than 900nA with full 32kB RAM retention
“In Atmel’s announcement last year for the company’s SAM L21 family, I had pointed out the amazingly low current consumption ratings for both the active and sleep mode operation of this product family – now I can confirm this opinion with concrete data derived from the EEMBC ULPBench,” explained Markus Levy, EEMBC President and Founder “Atmel achieved the lowest power of any Cortex-M based processor and MCU in the world because of its patented ultra-low power picoPower technology These ULPBench results are remarkable, demonstrating the company’s low-power expertise utilizing DC-DC conversion for voltage monitoring, as well as other innovative techniques”
While running the EEMBC ULPBench, the SAM L21 achieves a staggering score of 185, the highest publicly-recorded score for any Cortex-M based processor or MCU in the world — and significantly higher than the 167 and 123 scores announced by other vendors The SAM L21 family consumes less than 940nA with full 40kB SRAM retention, real-time clock and calendar and 200nA in the deepest sleep mode

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