Obverse: Front view of St. Mary’s Church of Danzig. The top of the church is braking out of the upper border! Legend: FREIE STADT DANZIG * F&Uuml;NF GULDEN * 1923

Reverse: Star above shield of the Free City of Danzig, held by roaring lions. Denomination below. Legend: 5 GULDEN

St. Mary’s Church (Polish: Bazylika Mariacka, German: Marienkirche) or, properly, Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Polish: Bazylika Mariacka Wniebowziecia Najswietszej Maryi Panny w Gdansku) is a Roman Catholic church in Gdansk, Poland, which is claimed to be the largest brick church in the world. It was begun in 1379. (The tallest brick church is St. Martin’s Church, Landshut, Germany.)St. Mary’s is one of the largest European Brick Gothic buildings, which include castles. From the Protestant Reformation until 1945, when it was transferred back to the Catholic diocese, it was the biggest Evangelical Lutheran church in the world. It is 105.5 m long, and the nave is 66 m wide. Inside the church is room for 25,000 people. It is an aisled hall church with a transept. It is a co-cathedral in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gdansk, along with the main cathedral for the Archdiocese, the Bazylika archikatedralna w Gdansku-Oliwie (Basilica-Cathedral of Gdansk-Oliwa).

The Free City of Danzig (German: Freie Stadt Danzig; Polish: Wolne Miasto Gdansk) was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (today Gdansk) and surrounding areas.

The Free City was created on 10 January 1920 in accordance with the terms of Part III, Section XI of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 without a plebiscite. The Free City included the city of Danzig and over two hundred nearby towns, villages, and settlements. As the League of Nations decreed, the region was to remain separated from the nation of Germany, as well as the newly-resurrected nation of Poland. The Free City was not autonomous; it was under League of Nations &quot;protection&quot; and put into a binding customs union with Poland. Poland also had other, special utilization rights towards the city. The Free City was created in order to give Poland sufficient access to the sea, while at the same recognizing that its population was mainly German.

In 1933 the City’s government was taken over by the local Nazi Party, the democratic opposition was suppressed and widespread anti-Semitic and anti-Polish discrimination and organized murder followed the German invasion of Poland in 1939, when the Free City was abolished and incorporated into the newly-formed Reichsgau of Danzig-West Prussia. This occurred without the approval of Poland or the League of Nations. Then, starting with the city’s conquest by the Soviet Army in the early months of 1945, ethnic German citizens of the former Free City of Danzig were either expelled or killed, and the city was put under Polish administration by the Allied Potsdam Agreement, and Polish settlers were brought in to replace the native German population.