Wednesday, December 31, 2014

That is the motto of modern imperial governments. Keep the people in perpetual fear of the evil foreign Boogeyman of the moment. Big Brother will keep you safe if you just stop worshiping that obsolete Bill of Rights and give more and more power to the Police State.

The latest fear mongering happened with the "North Korean" Internet hack of Sony. Or was it North Korea after all?

Our government acted super fast to blame the evil Communists and stir up fear and hate in America. Now it appears the FBI might have simply made up the story of North Korea's guilt.

Norse, one of the world’s leading cyber intelligence firms, has been researching the hack since it was made public just before Thanksgiving.

Norse’s senior vice president of market development said that just the quickness of the FBI’s conclusion that North Korea was responsible was a red flagreports Politico.

“When the FBI made the announcement so soon after the initial hack was unveiled, everyone in the [cyber] intelligence community kind of raised their eyebrows at it, because it’s really hard to pin this on anyone within days of the attack,” Kurt Stammberger said in an interview as his company briefed FBI investigators Monday afternoon.

But somehow our government, which cannot run the Obamacare website properly, instantly knew Korea was guilty of Internet crimes. Bullshit.

I would like to know who told the FBI to blame North Korea?

While I am not a conspiracy nut, conspiracies do exist. Call it Dwight Eisenhower's Military Industrial Complex trying to cash in on war or hack politicians trying to boost their poll numbers. The results are always the same. Government grows and your rights are decreased in the name of safety.

But I am just a "crazy" Blogger. Ignore these words and continue to believe your Masters in government if it makes your feel safe.

GOP Congressman Michael Grimm said late Monday that he will resign his seat in Congress, one week after the Staten Island, New York Republican pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion.

Grimm, 44, is a former Marine and FBI agent who won reelection to the House in November after serving one term as congressman of New York’s 11th District, which covers all of Staten Island and parts of Brooklyn.

In April, Grimm was accused of concealing more than $1 million in revenue and failing to report hundreds of thousands of dollars in employee pay at his Manhattan restaurant Healthalicious. He was scheduled to go to trial in February and face a 20-count indictment for paying workers – some of them undocumented immigrants – off the books with cash, underpaying his taxes and committing perjury in running the Upper East Side restaurant. He reached an agreement with federal prosecutors last week and pled guilty to one count on Dec. 23.

"This decision is made with a heavy heart, as I have enjoyed a very special relationship and closeness with my constituents, whom I care about deeply," Grimm said Monday, in announcing his resignation.

"The events which led to this day did not break my spirit, nor the will of the voters. However, I do not believe that I can continue to be 100 percent effective in the next Congress, and therefore, out of respect for the office and the people I so proudly represent, it is time for me to start the next chapter of my life."

Under the plea agreement, Grimm could face up to three years in federal prison. His sentencing is scheduled for June 8.

“Although it was a little restaurant, I made some big mistakes,” he told reporters outside the Brooklyn federal courthouse following his guilty plea last week.

In January, Grimm made waves for threatening a local TV reporter on camera. The reporter was interviewing Grimm before President Barack Obama’s state of the union address when he asked about allegations concerning the federal inquiry into his campaign finances. Grimm, believing the question was an unfair ambush, said he would to throw the reporter over the balcony and “break [him] in half” if he ever asked about the federal investigation again.

Grimm’s resignation will take effect after the 114th Congress convenes January 6. His absence will reduce the GOP majority in the House from 247 seats to 246. A special election will eventually decide Grimm’s successor.

The feared Al Khansa brigade, said to include Brits, use a gruesome torture instrument called the ‘biter’ to impose strict Sharia law on women in their capital Raqqa.

The giant device consists of two iron jaws covered in spikes that are clamped around the victim’s chest causing immense pain.

Residents in the beleaguered city say the Al Khansa force tortured the woman after they found nursing her child in the Syrian city’s bus station.

The reports emerged as a monitoring group reported at least 120 killings by the terror group of its own militants in the past three months.

Around 1,880 have murdered since the terrorist network declared a “Caliphate” or “Islamic state” in June this year. Over the past six months 1,177 civilians have been slain, including eight women and two children.

It is estimated that 930 civilians from the al-Shaitaat tribe, which is at war with Isis in eastern Syria, were killed in the countryside of Deir Ezzor

One woman, aged 24, was arrested for having see-through clothes.

Brave Batol revealed: “I was in the market buying a few items when the Khansa battalion came and arrested me on the grounds that the Niqab which I was wearing did not meet Sharia requirement.

“They arrested me and escorted me to the torture chamber. Then they asked me to choose between a whip and a biter. I did not know what a biter was and I thought it is a reduced sentence, I was afraid of whipping, so I choose the biter.

“Then they brought a sharp object that had a lot of teeth and held me, placing it on my chest and pressing it strongly. I screamed from the pain. They later took me to hospital.

“I felt then that my femininity had been destroyed completely. I was not the only one that was tortured with this instrument, there were a lot of women there and their situation was tragic.”

A man also told resistance movement website ‘Raqqa is being Slaughtered Silently’ that he was flogged for smoking, now banned by IS laws.

Sami, 25, revealed: “They arrested me on charges of smoking and they took me to their headquarters and then put me to the torture chamber.

“The room floor was full of blood and then they flogged me 40 times and threw me in a cell. There were a lot of detainees, when I looked at them I saw death in their eyes and their situation was pitiful.

“During the three nights I spent at the headquarters, I heard the screams of women and men who IS were torturing. To hear the screams of the people of my city when they are being tortured at the hands of strangers is a torture of another type, which has destroyed my dignity.”

China could soon target the United States with sea-based nuclear weapons as it is reinforcing its submarines with long-range nuclear ballistic missiles, a US congressional report has found.

China’s military is set to acquire a reliable, hard-to-destroy sea-based nuclear deterrent, with a dozen JL-2 missiles that are being mounted on its JIN class submarines, according to a report submitted to Congress by the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission.

The missiles have a strike range of around 7,350 km, meaning they can reach all 50 US states if they are launched from waters west or east of Hawaii reports the Next Big Future.

Despite the uncertainty surrounding China’s stockpiles of nuclear missiles and nuclear warheads, it is clear China’s nuclear forces over the next three to five years will expand considerably and become more lethal and survivable with the fielding of additional road-mobile nuclear missiles; as many as five JIN SSBNs,each of which can carry 12 JL–2 submarine-launched ballistic missiles; and intercontinental ballistic missiles armed with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs).

At the same time, China likely will continue to improve its silo-based nuclear force; harden its nuclear storage facilities, launch sites, and transportation networks; and expand its already extensive network of underground facilities.

China has commissioned three JIN SSBNs since 2007 and likely will introduce two additional units by 2020. The JIN SSBN’s intended weapon, the JL–2 submarine launched ballistic missile, appears to have reached initial operational capability after approximately ten years of R and D, giving China its first credible sea-based nuclear deterrent.*

The JL–2’s range of approximately 4,598 miles gives China the ability to conduct nuclear strikes against Alaska if launched from waters near China; against Alaska and Hawaii if launched from waters south of Japan; against Alaska, Hawaii, and the western portion of the continental United States if launched from waters west of Hawaii; and against all 50 U.S. states if launched from waters east of Hawaii.

Tuesday, December 30, 2014

US General John Campbell (L) rolls the flag of the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).

Bullshit Alert!

The political liars will be telling us all about their hard work and their great "victory" in Afghanistan. But we are leaving combat with the enemy intact and still attacking our allies. In fact, the Taliban has declared victory.

(Al Arabiya News) - The Taliban responded scornfully Monday to the formal end of NATO's war in Afghanistan, describing the U.S.-led mission as a "fire of barbarism and cruelty" that had drowned the country "in a pool of blood".

The insurgent group issued the statement in English a day after NATO marked the closure of its combat mission with a low-key ceremony in Kabul, arranged in secret due to the threat of Taliban attack.

"We consider this step a clear indication of their defeat and disappointment," the Taliban said.

"America, its invading allies... along with all international arrogant organizations have been handed a clear-cut defeat in this lopsided war."

The Taliban, who ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001, have fought a resilient insurgency against NATO and Afghan forces for 13 years, with violence now at record levels nationwide.

The United Nations said civilian casualties hit a new high this year with about 10,000 non-combatants killed or wounded -- 75 percent of them by the Taliban.

On January 1 NATO's International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) combat mission will be replaced by a "training and support" mission.

About 12,500 NATO troops will stay on in Afghanistan.

The Taliban statement said the group would fight on "for the establishment of a pure Islamic system by expelling the remaining invading forces unconditionally".

President Ashraf Ghani has said he is open to peace talks, but the Taliban said it would "continue its Jihad and struggle so long as a single foreigner remains in Afghanistan in a military uniform".

Must See Video

Taliban Attack On NATO New 2014

Taliban Attacks on US & NATO Special Forces Base in Afghanistan ABC News

Afghan Police Die in Record Numbers

In Washington Speak this is called "victory".

(Military Times - AP) - As U.S. and international combat troops leave Afghanistan after more than 13 years fighting the Taliban, Afghan policemen are dying in record numbers as they perform dangerous tasks usually reserved for the military, according to the head of the European-funded mission to train the police force.Afghanistan's war is as hot as it has been since the U.S.-led invasion following the Sept. 11 attacks overthrew the Taliban. The international combat mission ends on Dec. 31, leaving the Afghan security forces in charge after leading the fight since the middle of last year.

Afghan police at the site of a suicide attack in Kabul.

Some 5,000 members of Afghanistan's security forces — army, police and armed rural defense units — have died this year fighting the Taliban, according to Karl Ake Roghe, the outgoing head of EUPOL, the European Union Police Mission in Afghanistan."The police have lost something like 3,200 this year, so most of the casualties belong to the Afghan National Police," Roghe, who has led the mission for two and a half years, told The Associated Press. By comparison, some 3,500 foreign forces, including at least 2,210 American soldiers, have been killed in the 13 years since the war began.Afghanistan has 157,000 police in a force created, trained and funded by the European Union. Almost every day, Afghan authorities report the deaths of policemen in Taliban assaults on checkpoints around rural towns and on the outskirts of larger cities. The police receive little backup from the army and do not have air support, medical evacuation or dedicated hospitals that could help reduce deaths, Roghe said.Many in the impoverished country join the police out of desperation. A policeman earns $200 a month, and the family continues to receive that amount if he is killed in the line of duty, as well as a one-time compensation payment of three times that amount. Officers get around $300 a month.

A Muslim civil rights group has sued the government on behalf of a former Navy enlisted man from Northern California who says he was the target of ethnic slurs, was reassigned to a menial job, and was later denied re-enlistment after seeking permission to wear a beard for religious reasons.

Jonathan Berts of Fairfield applied to wear a beard in January 2011, but Defense Department policy did not allow religious exemptions from grooming requirements. The Pentagon relaxed its policy in January, allowing accommodations for an individual’s religious beliefs, but it came too late to help Berts, said his lawyers at the Council on American-Islamic Relations.

After his request for a religious accommodation was turned down, Berts, an African American Muslim who had enlisted in 2002, was denied a previously recommended promotion and was subjected to “a barrage of derogatory terms, anti-Islamic slurs, and inappropriate lines of questions about his religious beliefs and loyalty to the United States,” said the lawsuit, filed this week in U.S. District Court in Sacramento reports the San Francisco Chronicle.

The supervisor who had rejected Berts’ promotion to first class petty officer called him names like “camel jockey” and “towel head,” his lawyers said. They said Berts, a barracks instructor who taught military history and physical education to recruits at the Great Lakes naval base in Illinois, was soon transferred to an “abandoned, roach-infested building” where he spent his days in isolation guarding piles of old office equipment.

Berts, who had wanted to stay in the Navy, agreed to an honorable discharge in December 2011 and has applied unsuccessfully for re-enlistment several times since, the suit said. He manages low-income apartment buildings in Fairfield but still serves in the Naval Reserves with high evaluations, said attorney Brice Hamack, the Muslim group’s Northern California civil rights coordinator.

Hamack said Berts was allowed to wear a beard during his first four years in the Navy for medical reasons, because of a skin condition, and was turned down only when he later asked to wear one because of his Islamic faith.

“We appreciate that the Department of Defense has made strides in updating its stance on religious accommodations,” Hamack said, but it also needs to “remedy the harm caused” to people like Berts under the previous policy. The suit seeks court orders returning Berts to active duty and restoring the losses he suffered to his pension and other benefits because of his discharge.

A similar dispute has reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which heard arguments in October in the case of a Muslim who was denied permission to grow a half-inch beard in a prison in Arkansas, one of 10 states that do not let inmates wear beards.

Navy officials were unavailable for comment on Berts’ suit.

US Army Captain Kamaljeet Singh Kalsi poses in Times Square, New York, on September 14, 2010 , wearing his US Army ACU Digital Camouflage turban along with his ACU uniform. Kalsi, who is the first Sikh in the US Army, is an emergency room doctor and emergency medical services (EMS) Director stationed at Ft. Bragg. In what appears to be a quiet shift, the US military since last year has allowed Sikhs to serve while retaining their turbans and beards, which are required by their faith.

Now a major, Kalsi, a bronze star medal recipient, testified before Congress defending beards. ”The time has come and passed for our military to openly embrace those Sikhs who want to serve our country by removing the rules that exclude them,” said Major Kalsi.Sikh Net.com

A U.S. Soldier in Afghanistan.Why not Beards?Shaving - Why would you deliberately want to look like a 12 year old boy?

President Obama’s golf game forced the dream Hawaii wedding of two Army captains to be moved at the last moment.

Army lovebirds Natalie Heimel and Edward Mallue Jr. weren’t told until Saturday afternoon that their Sunday ceremony at Kaneophe Klipper Golf Course had to be uprooted because the commander-in-chief would be playing through.

The couple had sent a tongue-in-cheek invite to Obama to attend their golf-club wedding and received his response on Saturday, regretting that he couldn’t make it.

Hours later, they got another official White House message, this time telling them to move their ceremony.

“It was kind of ironic they got the letter from them and then, within hours, they were told they had to be moved due to him,” Mallue’s sister Jamie McCarthy told Bloomberg news service. “It was emotional, especially for her — she’s the bride and in less than 24 hours they had to change everything they had planned.”

The golf course, which is on Marine Base Hawaii, is a popular wedding spot because of its spectacular Pacific Ocean views.

Naile Brennan, manager of K Bay Catering, which planned the wedding, said it’s understood that all events in the area could be moved at the last moment to accommodate the president.

The wedding was moved to a green lawn at the home of Col. Eric Schaefer, commanding officer of the base, which also offered a picturesque Pacific background.

Monday, December 29, 2014

In a blow to the constitutional rights of citizens, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled 8-1 in Heien v. State of North Carolina that police officers are permitted to violate American citizens’ Fourth Amendment rights if the violation results from a “reasonable” mistake about the law on the part of police.

Acting contrary to the venerable principle that “ignorance of the law is no excuse,” the Court ruled that evidence obtained by police during a traffic stop that was not legally justified can be used to prosecute the person if police were reasonably mistaken that the person had violated the law. The Rutherford Institute had asked the U.S. Supreme Court to hold law enforcement officials accountable to knowing and abiding by the rule of law.

Justice Sonia Sotomayor, the Court’s lone dissenter, warned that the court’s ruling “means further eroding the Fourth Amendment’s protection of civil liberties in a context where that protection has already been worn down,” reports Infowars News.

“By refusing to hold police accountable to knowing and abiding by the rule of law, the Supreme Court has given government officials a green light to routinely violate the law,” said John W. Whitehead, president of The Rutherford Institute and author of the award-winning book A Government of Wolves: The Emerging American Police State. “This case may have started out with an improper traffic stop, but where it will end—given the turbulence of our age, with its police overreach, military training drills on American soil, domestic surveillance, SWAT team raids, asset forfeiture, wrongful convictions, and corporate corruption—is not hard to predict. This ruling is what I would call a one-way, nonrefundable ticket to the police state.”

Say goodbye to your freedomIn a Bipartisan ruling Liberal Democrat and Conservative Republican judges locked arms to water down your freedoms and give even more power to the police.

Not even Stalin’s tyranny would have banned the sprinkles kids like on ice cream (assuming you could find any sprinkles or any ice cream in a communist country). But Obama’s tyranny would. Sprinkles, you see, contain politically incorrect trans fats:

Early next year, the FDA is expected to finalize a new regulation intended to eradicate even trace amounts of partially hydrogenated oils, known as trans fats, from our diets.

Even sprinkles will be included. Never mind that there is zero evidence that trans fats have any negative impact on the health unless consumed in excessive quantities.

Food producers and restaurants have already cut down on trans fats to the point that they no longer pose even a slight risk to public health. But this isn’t about our health; it is about control as an end in itself.

At this juncture, it bears repeating that a large reason trans fats used to be so prevalent in our diets was due to the activism of the food nannies at Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI). The left-wing food scolds, most famous for its reports on “calorie bomb” food entrees, pushed restaurants and food companies to switch to trans fats in the 1980s and 1990s.

The CSPI now lobbies to ban the very trans fats it wanted to impose. As with global cooling/global warming/climate change, the “experts” have no clue. All they know is they like bossing people around.

The Russian Arctic military buildup is to assert ownership of oil and gas deposits under the ice cap.

Russian President Vladimir Putin last year announced an ambitious plan to dominate a wider Arctic Ocean. Calling the Arctic a "top defense priority," Putin said he will add 40 warships to the Russian navy, including:

Russia even floated plans to build a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier for Arctic duty -- all in the interests of asserting ownership of oil and gas deposits under the ice cap. But, as it turns out, that's not all reports the Motley Fool.

Russia is building an Arctic air force as well.

Look! Up in the sky! That's not Superman -- it's a Su-35!

As reported on DefenseNews.com, Col. Igor Klimov of the Russian Air Force announced plans earlier this month for the service to invest billions of dollars to buy 150 new aircraft for Russia's Arctic forces. According to Russian news agency ITAR-TASS, these will include:

Already, NORAD has noted increased activity by Russian warplanes in the Arctic. In September, the Canadian pressreported that Canadian and U.S. fighter jets scrambled twice to intercept Russian patrols near Canadian and American airspace.

Four NATO nations -- the U.S., Canada, Norway, and Denmark (via Greenland) have interests in the Arctic that could collide with Russia's. All four are also current or potential buyers of Lockheed's F-35 stealth fighter jet (Canada is evaluating a plan to buy 65 F-35s at a total cost of up to $30 billion, Denmark 30 F-35s, and Norway 52 more). The F-35's high price tag has spurred Canada and Denmark to consider cheaper aircraft such as Boeing's F/A-18 -- but at the cost of stealth.

Su-35 'UFO' fighter rocks Paris Air Show

Brigadier General Hamid Taqavi of the The Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps.
Photo: ABNA

Hmmm . . . Who do you cheer for?

A General of Iran's Revolutionary Guard

was killed by an ISIS sniper.

An Islamic State sniper gunned down a general in Iran's Qods Force who was advising Iraqi troops and Shiite militias in the battleground city of Samarra in central Iraq.

The Iranian Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) announced that Brigadier General Hamid Taqavi was "martyred" while serving in Samara, close to the "shrine of Imam Hassan Askari" on Dec. 27, 2014, Jahan News, a hard-line Iranian media outlet reported. Taqavi was killed by an Islamic State "sniper," ABNA noted.

The Iranian General was killed at Samarra in central Iraq.

Taqavi served as an "adviser to the [Iraqi] Army and the popular mobilization of the Iraqi people," a reference to the Shiite militias that fight alongside the Iraqi military. Iran's Qods Force, the expeditionary special operations arm of the IRGC, is tasked with supporting the Iraqi military and Shiite militias, including the Badr Brigade, Hezbollah Brigades, Asaib al Haq (League of the Righteous), and Muqtada al Sadr's Promised Day Brigade (or Peace Brigade). The Shiite militias have been instrumental in reinforcing beleaguered and demoralized Iraqi forces, and have helped retake some areas in Iraq, including Jurf al Sakhar and Amerli.

The IRGC said that Taqavi was "one of the commanders of the Ramazan Base, during the sacred defense," of Iran during the Iran-Iraqi war from 1980-88. The Ramazan Base "was important" to the the Iranians, said Ali Alfoneh, a Senior Fellow at Foundation for Defense of Democracies who specializes on Iran.

"During the war with Iraq, they [the Iranians] directed operations behind enemy lines" in Iraq from the Ramazan Base, Alfoneh said.

Samarra is a key front in Iraq's current war against the Islamic State, and Iran has placed considerable importance on supporting Iraq's military and the Shiite militias operating there. Qasem Soleimani, the commander of Qods Force, has been spotted in Samarra directing military operations. As recently as last month, he was photographed alongside Shiite militiamen in Samarra. The Qods Force commander has also been spotted on other key fronts as Shiite militias continue to battle the Islamic State.

The Al Askari shrine in Samarra is one of the most important in Shiite Islam, and its fall to the Islamic State would be a major blow to Iran. Additionally, Samarra is the linchpin in securing the northern Baghdad Belt. The Islamic State seeks to control the city and others north of Baghdad in order to encircle the capital and lay siege to the Shiite-led government. [For more details on the jihadist group's strategy in Iraq, see LWJ report, ISIS, allies reviving 'Baghdad belts' battle plan.]

The Islamic State has been active in Samarra and in towns north and south of the city. Two weeks ago, the jihadist group routed a Hezbollah Brigades unit near the towns of Yathrib and Tal Gold, just south of Samarra. And in the first week of December, an Islamic State unit overran a Badr Brigade force near Samarra.

Are Iraq and Iran Merging?Iranian troops are now in Iraq just as they have been for thousands of years. The real question is will they ever leave?

The Persian Empire in 1722. If you lay the map of the followers of Shia Islam over this map of Persia in 1722 they come close to a perfect match. That is not an accident. Lands in Iraq, Afghanistan and the Caucasus Mountains were all part of the Persian Empire for thousands of years. There is no reason on earth that they could not re-join a Greater Iran.

Sunday, December 28, 2014

To relax after all the hustle and bustle of the holiday season I turned to Gordon Lightfoot, my favorite strolling troubadour and master poet.

Over the years Gord has successfully taken on in song the wonders of the great outdoors as well as ships on the high seas. Music like this takes you a special place where you recharge your mental batteries.

As Gord said in another song: "Listen to the pictures flow. Across the room into your mind they go."

Enjoy.

Whispers of the North

Whispers of the windI will feel it stingI will see it rise and fallI will hear it singThe sound is like a song to meIt takes away the painThe river is the melodyAnd sky is the refrain

The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald

In a musty old hall in Detroit they prayedIn the Maritime Sailors' CathedralThe church bell chimed 'til it rang twenty-nine timesFor each man on the Edmund Fitzgerald

Deep within the Yarmouth CastleThe fire begins to glowIt leaps into the hallways And climbs and twists and grows

And the paint she wore to keep her youngOh Lord, how well it burnsAnd soon that old fire is a-ragin'

Restless

There's a kind of a restless feeling and it pulls me from withinIt sets my senses reeling and my wheels begin to spinIn the quietude of winter you can hear the wild geese cryAnd I will always love that sound until the day I die

The Ghosts of Cape Horn

Come all of you rustic old sea dogsWho follow the bright Southern CrossYou were rounding the HornIn the eye of a stormWhen you lost her one dayAnd you read all your lettersFrom oceans awayThen you took them to the bottom of the sea

The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald.

Gordon Lightfoot (left) and Bob Dylan about 1974..“I can't think of any Gordon Lightfoot song I don't like. Everytime I hear a song of his, it's like I wish it would last forever. " - Bob Dylan

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GEORGE WASHINGTON

Founder of our Federal Republic

John Adams

Founding Federalist President

Federalist Party

For a stong, but limited Constitutional Republic

Jonathan Dayton, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Captain in the Continental Army. Battles of Brandywine Creek, Germantown and Yorktown. Continental Congressman, Constitutional Convention, Federalist Speaker of the House of Representatives and U.S. Senator from New Jersey. Dayton was falsely arrested for treason by order of a power mad Thomas Jefferson in the phony show-trial of Aaron Burr.

Daniel Morgan, Federalist

Brigadier General in the Continental Army, Battles of Quebec, Freeman's Farm, Bemis Heights, Cowpens, and the Whiskey Rebellion. Federalist Congressman from Virginia. Disgusted with Jeffersonian Democrat-Republicans he called them "a parsall of egg-sucking dogs."

Thomas Mifflin, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Major general in the Continental Army, First Quartermaster General, Continental Congressman, President of the Continental Congress, President of the United States in Congress Assembled, Constitutional Convention, President of Pennsylvania, Federalist Governor of Pennsylvania.

Samuel Chase, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Member of the Continental Congress, signed the Declaration of Independence. Chief Justice of the Maryland General Court. Appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court. Impeached by order of a power mad Thomas Jefferson in an attempt to intimidate the independent Federal Courts. Found innocent in a Senate trial fairly presided over by Vice President Aaron Burr.

Edmund Randolph, Federalist

Joined the Continental Army as aide-de-camp to General George Washington. Continental Congress. Introduced the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention. 1st United States Attorney General and 2nd United States Secretary of State under Washington. Governor of Virginia. Defense counsel for Vice President Aaron Burr in the phony treason trial ordered by a power mad Thomas Jefferson.

Theodore Sedgwick, Federalist

Major in the Continental Army, Battle of White Plains and the Invasion of Canada. Federalist Speaker of the House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. Early anti-slavery activist.

About Me

"Stood in firelight, sweltering. Bloodstain on chest like map of violent new continent. Felt cleansed. Felt dark planet turn under my feet and knew what cats know that makes them scream like babies in night.
Looked at sky through smoke heavy with human fat and God was not there. The cold, suffocating dark goes on forever and we are alone. Live our lives, lacking anything better to do. Devise reason later. Born from oblivion; bear children, hell-bound as ourselves, go into oblivion. There is nothing else.
Existence is random. Has no pattern save what we imagine after staring at it for too long. No meaning save what we choose to impose. This rudderless world is not shaped by vague metaphysical forces. It is not God who kills the children. Not fate that butchers them or destiny that feeds them to the dogs. It is us. Only us.
Streets stank of fire. The void breathed hard on my heart, turning its illusions to ice, shattering them. Was reborn then, free to scrawl own design on this morally blank world. Was Rorschach."
- - - Rorschach, Watchmen (1986)

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, FEDERALIST

Federalist Party Senator from Massachusetts (1803 - 1808). Ambassador to the Netherlands, Prussia, Russia and the United Kingdom. Secretary of State. Congressman. 6th President of the United States. In 1841, Adams had the case of a lifetime, representing the defendants in United States v. The Amistad Africans in the Supreme Court of the United States. Adams won their freedom.

Thomas Pinckney, Federalist

Commissioned as captain in the 1st South Carolina Regiment of the Continental Army. After seeing much action, he became an aide-de-camp to General Horatio Gates. He was captured by the British at the disastrous Battle of Camden in 1780. After recovering from his wounds, he was released in a prisoner exchange. In 1781 he fought under Lafayette in Virginia. Appointed by President George Washington to be the U.S. minister to Great Britain served as Envoy Extraordinary to Spain. The Federalist Party made him a candidate in the 1796 presidential election as the intended running-mate of John Adams. Served as Congressman and Governor of South Carolina. Served as a major general in the Army during the War of 1812.

Arthur St. Clair, Federalist

Major General U.S. Army. Battles of the Plains of Abraham, Trois-Rivières, Trenton, Siege of Fort Ticonderoga, Yorktown, Battle of the Wabash, President of the Continental Congress, Federalist Governor of the Northwest Territory.

Henry Lee III, Federalist

Major General "Light-Horse Harry" Lee fought at the battles of Paulus Hook, Guilford Court House, Eutaw Springs, Yorktown and the Whiskey Rebellion. Federalist Congressman from Virginia, Governor of Virginia. Father of Robert E. Lee. In 1812 Lee was attacked by a Jeffersonian mob of Democratic-Republicans while defending a Federalist newspaper from attack. Lee and the other Federalists were beaten and tortured by the mob over the next three hours. Lee was left partially blinded after hot wax was poured into his eyes. The men were left for dead. All were severely injured, and one Federalist, General James Lingan, died.

Timothy Pickering, Federalist

Colonel in the Continental Army, served as Adjutant General and Quartermaster General. Postmaster General, Secretary of War, Secretary of State, Federalist Congressman and U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. Pickering and a band of Federalists attempted to gain support for the secession of New England from the Jeffersonian United States.

James Buchanan, Federalist

Buchanan began his political career in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1814–1816, serving as a Federalist. Buchanan went on to be elected as a Federalist Congressman from Pennsylvania 1821-1825. He served as Minister to Russia, Britain, US Senator, Secretary of State and President of the United States.

Roger Taney, Federalist

As a young attorney he organized the Federalist Party of Maryland to better reach out to the mass of voters with committees, mass meetings, barbecues and a Federalist newspaper. Taney's organizing paid off with his election as a Federalist to Maryland's House of Delegates. He went on to serve as Secretary of War, of the Treasury, US Attorney General and Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court.

Fisher Ames, Federalist

A Harvard educated attorney, Ames was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He was then elected to the 1st US Congress defeating Sam Adams for the post. He became an important thinker and leader of the Federalist Party. Ames feared for the future of an America under Jeffersonian politicians pandering to the mob to buy votes in order to gain personal power. He said, "I fear Federalism will not only die, but all remembrance of it will be lost."

Francis Scott Key, Federalist

Key was a Maryland attorney and Federalist Party opponent of the War of 1812. He wrote the U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner" during the Battle of Baltimore. Key opened a law office with fellow Federalist Roger Taney, a future U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice. He also practiced law with his uncle, Federalist Congressman Philip Barton Key.

James Schureman, Federalist

In the Revolution he raised a volunteer company in New Brunswick, New Jersey and led it as Captain. Fought in the Battle of Brooklyn where he was captured. Held as a prisoner of war until early in the spring of 1777 when he escaped to rejoin the Continental Army. Served in Continental Congress and as a Federalist in both the Congress and in the U.S. Senate from New Jersey.

John Sullivan, Federalist

Major General Continental Army. Commander in Quebec invasion. Battles of Trois-Rivières, Long Island, Trenton, Princeton, Staten Island, Brandywine, Germantown and Rhode Island. Commanded the Sullivan Expedition against the Iroquois. Member of the Continental Congress; Attorney General of New Hampshire; President of New Hampshire. Appointed by President Washington judge of the United States District Court of New Hampshire. Governor of New Hampshire.

Philip Schuyler, Federalist

Major General of the Continental Army. General Schuyler took command of the Northern Department, and planned the Invasion of Canada (1775). He was active in preparing the defense against British invasion in the Saratoga Campaign (1777). Twice elected Federalist U.S. Senator from New York.

Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., Federalist

Served in the Continental Army as a paymaster; comptroller of the treasury 1778-1779; appointed secretary and aide-de-camp to General George Washington in 1781. 2nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. United States Senator from Connecticut. Federalist Governor of Connecticut (1796 - 1809).

Frederick Frelinghuysen, Federalist

In the War of Independence he served in the New Jersey militia as an artillery captain, seeing action at Trenton and Monmouth. Attained the rank of colonel. Member of the Continental Congress. Served in the New Jersey General Assembly. Member of the New Jersey convention that ratified the United States Constitution in 1787. President George Washington appointed him as brigadier general in the United States Army for the 1790 campaign against the western Indians. Commissioned major general in the New Jersey militia in 1794, during the Whiskey Rebellion. Elected to the United States Senate.

Daniel Webster, Federalist

Federalist Party office holder until 1828. Congressman from New Hampshire (1813 - 1817), Congressman from Massachusetts (1823 - 1827), U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, Secretary of State under three Presidents.

Stephen Van Rensselaer, Federalist

Van Rensselaer served in the New York Assembly and Senate. He served as the Federalist Lt. Governor under John Jay. In 1786, Van Rensselaer was made a major of the militia. As a Major General in the War of 1812 he led an army in an invasion of Canada and fought at the Battle of Queenston Heights. In 1813 Van Rensselaer was the Federalist candidate for Governor of New York earning 48% of the vote. A shift of only 1,800 votes would have made him Governor. In 1822 he was elected to Congress as a Federalist serving until 1829.

WILLIAM PATERSON, Federalist

During the Revolutionary War, Paterson served as an officer with the Somerset County Minutemen. Delegate to the Provincial Congress of New Jersey in 1775 and to the State Constitutional Convention in 1776. After helping draft the New Jersey Constitution, he became Attorney General. Delegate to the US Constitutional Convention of 1787. US Senator in the First Federal Congress. Governor of New Jersey. President George Washington nominated Paterson to the US Supreme Court in 1793.

James Hillhouse, Federalist

Hillhouse served as captain in Governor's Foot Guards in the Revolutionary War. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives, Congressman from Connecticut at-large, 1791–96, and a Federalist Party U. S. Senator from Connecticut, 1796–1810. He was the anti-slavery leader of the Congress in the early days of the Republic. After the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Hillhouse fought to bar the importation of slaves into the Louisiana Territory. "I consider slavery as a serious evil," he proclaimed, "and wish to check it wherever I have authority." Two of Hillhouse's amendments restricting slavery passed the Congress and were signed into law.

John Hoskins Stone, Federalist

Colonel, 1st Maryland Regiment of the Continental Army. Battles of Brooklyn, White Plaines, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth and Stony Point. Wounded at Germantown and as a result was lame for the rest of his life. Seriously wounded at Stony Point and resigned his commission. Governor of Maryland.

Benjamin Tallmadge, Federalist

William Richardson Davie, Federalist

Rising to the rank of Colonel, Davie raised and commanded cavalry units in the Revolution. Seriously wounded at the Battle of Stono Ferry outside Charleston. Fought at the Battle of Charlotte. Served as Commissary-General. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. President John Adams appointed him a Brigadier General in the U.S. Army. Federalist Governor of North Carolina.

Oliver Ellsworth, Federalist

In 1777 he was chosen as one of Connecticut's representatives in the Continental Congress. Served at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia as a delegate from Connecticut. On June 20, 1787 he proposed the use of the name the United States to identify the nation under the authority of the Constitution. United States Senator from Connecticut. Ellsworth was the principal exponent in the Senate of Alexander Hamilton's economic program. In 1796 Ellsworth was appointed by President George Washington to be Chief Justice of the United States. Served as United States Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of France. Ellsworth was a candidate in the 1796 United States Presidential election, receiving eleven votes in the electoral college.

Winthrop Sargent, Federalist

Enlisted as Lieutenant, Gridley's Regiment of Massachusetts Artillery on July 7, 1775. Served in the Siege of Boston, as well as the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. He was wounded twice at the Battle of the Wabash, on November 4, 1791. He also served in the Indian wars of 1794 - 1795 and became Adjutant General. Final rank Lieutenant Colonel. Federalist Governor of the Mississippi Territory.

William Moultrie, Federalist

Colonel of the 2nd South Carolina Regiment. Battle of Sullivan's Island, Siege of Savannah, Siege of Charles Town. Prisoner of war for two years. Promoted to Major General. Governor of South Carolina.

Robert Goodloe Harper, Federalist

At the age of fifteen, Harper joined a volunteer corps of Cavalry and served in the American Revolutionary Army. Harper was elected as a Federalist Congressman from South Carolina (1795 - 1801). In 1798 at a dinner in Philadelphia honoring John Marshall, a group of U.S. Congressmen were discussing a recent demand made by the government of France. French vessels had been plundering US ships in a piratical manner. French foreign minister Talleyrand said the attacks would be stopped if the US paid him $250,000 and gave France 50,000 pounds sterling and a $100 million loan. As toasts were made, Harper sent his own defiant reply to the French with this toast: “Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute.” Harper served in the War of 1812, attaining the rank of major general. He moved to Maryland and was elected as a Federalist to the US Senate. He was an unsuccessful Federalist candidate for Vice President in the 1816 election. He also received one electoral vote for Vice President in the 1820 election.

Caleb Strong, Federalist

Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Elected the first US Senator from Massachusetts. Twice elected Governor of Massachusetts as the nominee of the Federalist Party (1800 - 1807). Strong took a principled stand against the War of 1812 and ran again for Governor opposing "Mr. Madison's War". He served as an anti-war Governor from 1812 - 1816.

Jacob Read, Federalist

Studied law and was admitted to the bar; studied in England 1773-1776; joined other Americans in London in 1774 in a petition against the Boston port bill. Returned to the United States and served South Carolina in various military and civil capacities during the Revolutionary War. Sent with other Americans as a prisoner of the British to St. Augustine 1780-1781. Member of the Continental Congress from South Carolina 1783-1785. Elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate.

General Epaphroditus Champion, Federalist

Champion helped his father gather a herd of cattle and drive them to Valley Forge. He was later named the first Commissary General of the Continental Army. Champion served as captain in the 24th Regiment of the Connecticut State militia rising to brigadier general of the Seventh Brigade from 1800 to 1803. He worked as a merchant, shipowner, exporter and importer. Champion served as a Federalist Congressman from Connecticut 1807 - 1817.

Samuel Huntington, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Huntington was an outspoken critic of the Coercive Acts of the British Parliament. Signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. Served as President of the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1781. Chief Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1784 to 1785. Governor of Connecticut from 1786-1796.

Alexander Contee Hanson, Federalist

Member of the Maryland House of Delegates. Editor of the "Federal Republican", a Federalist Party newspaper in Baltimore. Four days after the beginning of the War of 1812 a mob of pro-war Democrat-Republicans destroyed his newspaper office. The paper moved to another building where Hanson was joined by a group of armed allies. When that building was besieged by another mob, Hanson and his group fired, killing two. Hanson and his group surrendered to the militia and were escorted to jail. That evening yet another mob stormed the jail. Hanson was beaten and left for dead. Hanson was elected as a Federalist to Congress in 1812 and 1814. In 1816 he was elected as a Federalist to represent Maryland in the U.S. Senate until his death in 1819 at the age of 33.

William Bingham, Federalist

As a merchant he brought full loads of munitions & guns for the war. Served as a diplomat for Congress to France. Bingham marshaled the Second Troop of Philadelphia Light Horse. He served in the Continental Congress, 1st Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, State Senator, and US Senator. Federalists agreed to hold preliminary votings at the Bingham Estate before propositions were brought before Congress publicly, thus creating unanimity among party lines. Alexander Hamilton sought Bingham as his mentor in managing taxes, tariffs, and in constructing a national bank.

Charles Goldsborough, Federalist

In 1790, Goldsborough was admitted to the bar, and early on held several local political offices. He was also a member of the Maryland State Senate from 1791 to 1795 and later from 1799 to 1801. He was elected as a Federalist to Congress, serving from 1805 to 1817. He also acted as Federalist Party floor leader in the House. He later served as Governor of Maryland in 1818 and 1819.

Ezekiel Whitman, Federalist

Whitman practiced law in New Gloucester, Maine and in Portland, Maine (both communities a district of Massachusetts until 1820). In 1808 Whitman was elected as a Federalist Congressman from Massachusetts and served one term. In 1816 he was again elected as a Federalist to the US House serving from 1817 to 1821. In 1819 he was a delegate to the convention that prepared the constitution which led to Maine's statehood. In 1820 he was elected as a Federalist Congressman from the new state of Maine serving until 1822. Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Court from 1841 to 1848.

William Hunter, Federalist

Federalist U. S. Senator from Rhode Island from 1811 to 1821. Appointed by Andrew Jackson to be the U.S. representative to the Empire of Brazil. He served in this position for 9 years until 1845.

William North, Federalist

Entered the Continental Army in 1775. Served under Benedict Arnold in the invasion of Canada. Captain in Henry Jackson's 16th Massachusetts Regiment, with which he participated in the Battle of Monmouth. 1779 he became aide-de-camp to Baron Steuben and was present at Yorktown. Adjutant General of the United States Army with the rank of brigadier general. Speaker of the New York State Assembly. Federalist U.S. Senator from New York.

David Cobb, Federalist

Cobb studied medicine in Boston and practiced in Taunton, Massachusetts. He was a member of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress in 1775; lieutenant colonel of Jackson’s regiment in 1777 and 1778, serving in Rhode Island and New Jersey; was aide-de-camp on the staff of General George Washington; appointed major general of militia in 1786. Fought in the New York and New Jersey Campaign, the Battles of Springfield, Monmouth, Rhode Island and Shay's Rebellion. He served the Federalist Party as Lt. Governor of Massachusetts, President of the State Senate and Congressman.

Jared Ingersoll, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Federalist Party nominee for Vice President in 1812. Delegate to the Second Continental Congress from Pennsylvania. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Attorney General of Pennsylvania. United States District Attorney for Pennsylvania.

John Cotton Smith, Federalist

Smith was a Federalist, serving as Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives (1800, 1806–1807, 1807–1809), as Congressman and Federalist Party floor leader in the House from 1800–1806, the seventh Lieutenant Governor (1811–1812), and finally as the last Federalist Governor of Connecticut from 1812 to 1817.

Josiah Parker, Federalist

In 1775 Parker enlisted in the Continental Army. He was commissioned a major in the 5th Virginia Regiment in 1776 and became its colonel in 1778. His regiment served in Virginia under General Charles Lee and was transferred to George Washington. The regiment thereafter saw action at the Battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth and the Siege of Charleston. During Cornwallis's Virginia campaign in 1781, the notorious Colonel Tarleton ransacked his home. He was elected to the First US Congress from Virginia serving for twelve years.

Daniel Cady, Federalist

Cady was a member of the New York State Assembly, District Attorney, Judge and Federalist Party Congressman from New York. As a lawyer he worked cases with Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr and Abraham Lincoln. In 1856, Cady was a presidential elector on the Republican John C. Fremont ticket. He was the father of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, an abolitionist and leading figure of the early women's rights movement.

Louis McLane, Federalist

During the War of 1812 McLane joined the Wilmington Artillery Company serving as a 1st Lieutenant. McLane was elected as a Federalist to the U.S. House of Representatives from Delaware (1817 to 1827). He served for four years as the Federalist Party floor leader in the House. He went on to be US Senator representing the National Republican Party (Adams). McLane also was Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of State and Minister to the United Kingdom.

William Stephens Smith, Federalist

Smith married Abigail "Nabby" Adams, the daughter of President John Adams, and so was a brother-in-law of President John Quincy Adams, and an uncle of Charles Francis Adams. Served in the Revolutionary Army as aide-de-camp to General John Sullivan. Fought in the Battle of Long Island, was wounded at Harlem Heights, Battle of White Plains, was promoted to lieutenant colonel at the Battle of Trenton, fought at the Battle of Monmouth and Newport. He was on the staff of General Lafayette, became an adjutant in the Corps of Light Infantry, then transferred to the staff of George Washington. Elected as a Federalist Congressman from New York.

Timothy Pitkin, Federalist

Pitkin served in the State Legislature of Connecticut in 1790, 1792, and 1794‑1805, and as Speaker 1803‑1805. He was elected as a Federalist to the United States Congress serving from 1805 to 1819. He acted as Federalist Party floor leader in the House for eight years. During his leadership the Federalist Party grew in strength adding 32 new Congressmen in the 1812 elections by opposing "Mr. Madison's War."

Oliver Wolcott, Jr., Federalist

Wolcott was appointed Secretary of the Treasury by George Washington in 1795 to succeed Alexander Hamilton. He continued at Treasury under John Adams until 1800. President John Adams appointed him as a Federal judge on the United States Circuit Court. His judgeship was abolished by Jeffersonian Republicans in an attempt to intimidate the independent Federal Courts. In 1817 he was elected Governor of Connecticut as a member of the new Toleration Republican Party.

John Rutledge, Jr., Federalist

Rutledge served as Congressman from South Carolina. A passionate Federalist, he supported Aaron Burr against Jefferson, founding the Charleston Courier (predecessor of the Post and Courier) to support his causes. Joining the South Carolina Militia in 1799, Rutledge served as commander of the Twenty-eighth Regiment in the War of 1812. He subsequently commanded the Seventh Brigade from 1816 until his death. Rutledge's life was fraught with controversy. Catching his wife (mother to his nine children) in a "clandestine visit" with Dr. Horace Senter, Rutledge challenged him to a duel, fatally wounding the doctor.

John Sergeant, Federalist

Member of the Pennsylvania state house of representatives 1808-1810; elected as a Federalist to Congress and served from 1815, to 1823. Sergeant was a strong backer of Henry Clay's American System and the Second Bank of the United States, and even traveled to Europe to negotiate loans to the Bank. He was a strong opponent of slavery who voted against the Missouri Compromise. In 1826 he was an envoy to the Panama Congress. Elected to Congress as an Adams candidate 1827 to 1829. Failing re-election he became legal counsel to the Bank of the United States. Sergeant was the Vice Presidential running mate in Henry Clay's campaign on the National Republican ticket in 1832. Elected as a Whig to Congress serving from 1837 to 1841.

John Laurance, Federalist

Born in England, he emigrated to the United States in 1767 and settled in New York City. Laurance received an officer's commission in the First New York regiment. He was appointed aide-de-camp to Washington in 1777. He presided over the spy trial of Major André. Served in the Continental Congress, the New York State Assembly, State Senate and the 1st United States Congress. Appointed by George Washington to the Federal bench. Elected as a Federalist US Senator from New York.

William Loughton Smith, Federalist

In 1774 he studied law in London, England. Practiced law in Charleston. Elected from South Carolina as a Pro-Administration candidate to the 1st, 2nd and 3 Congresses. Re-elected as a Federalist to the 4th and 5th Congresses. Appointed by John Adams as United States Minister to Portugal and Spain. Commissioned Minister to the Ottoman Porte on February, 1799.

Thomas Forrest, Federalist

During the American Revolutionary War Forrest was commissioned a captain in Colonel Thomas Proctor's Pennsylvania Artillery Battalion in 1776. He led a 52-man company of artillery at the Battle of Trenton. He ended his service at a Lieutenant Colonel. He was elected as a Federalist Congressman from Pennsylvania from 1819 to 1823.

Philip Barton Key, Federalist

Key had been a Loyalist in the American Revolution. He served in the Maryland Loyalists Battalion as a captain. Key fought with the British Army from 1777 to 1781, until he was captured by the Spanish in Pensacola, Florida with the rest of his battalion. After the war he served as Mayor of Annapolis & member of the Maryland House of Delegates. Appointed a Federal Judge by John Adams. He was a Counsel to Justice Samuel Chase during Chase's Jefferson ordered impeachment show-trial in 1805. Elected as a Federalist to Congress from Maryland (1807 - 1813). Francis Scott Key was his nephew.

Aaron Ogden, Federalist

Lieutenant in the 1st New Jersey Regiment, rising to the rank of brigade major. Wounded at the siege of Yorktown in 1781. Federalist U.S. Senator and Governor of New Jersey.

CHARLES POLK, FEDERALIST

Federalist Governor of Delaware. The Federalist Party selected Polk as their candidate for Governor in 1826. After a hard fought campaign he was narrowly elected. Polk is the last known major officeholder representing the Federalist Party. He left office January 19, 1830.

Roman and Byzantine Marching Camps
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Late Roman Reenactment 3rd - 5th century AD
Byzantine armies maintained the Roman practice of making fortified camps
while marching. Laid out in a square,...

1 week ago

Alexander Hamilton, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Co-Author of the Federalist Papers. Founder and leader of the Federalist Party. Enlisted in the Revolution as Lieutenant of New York Provincial Company of Artillery rising to the rank of Major General in 1799. Fought in the Battles of Harlem Heights, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth and Yorktown. Served with General Washington in the Whiskey Rebellion. Appointed by John Adams Commander of a new army in the Quasi-War. Elected in 1782 to the Congress of the Confederation as a New York representative. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. President George Washington appointed Hamilton as the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.

Charles Pinckney, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. 1804 and 1808 Federalist Party nominee for President. Joined the Continental Army in 1775 as Captain of the elite Grenadiers of the 1st South Carolina Regiment. Served in the Battle of Sullivan's Island rising to the rank of Colonel. Fought at the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, Alligator Bridge, the Siege of Savannah and American expedition attempting to seize British East Florida. In 1780 with the surrender of the American Army at the Siege of Charleston, Pinckney became a POW. Upon his release two years later he was commissioned a brevet Brigadier General. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Served as George Washington's United States Minister to France (1796 - 1797). Pinckney was the Federalist Party candidate for Vice President in the election of 1800. Pinckney famously said, "If I had a vein that did not beat with the love of my Country, I myself would open it. If I had a drop of blood that could flow dishonorable, I myself would let it out."

Rufus King, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. 1816 Federalist Party nominee for President. In 1778 King volunteered for militia duty in the Revolution. Appointed a major and served in the Battle of Rhode Island. Member of the Continental Congress from Massachusetts 1784-1787. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention where he worked closely with Alexander Hamilton on the Committee of Style and Arrangement to prepare the final draft. United States Senator from New York in 1789; re-elected in 1795 and served from July, 1789, until May 1796, when he resigned to become Minister to Great Britain (1796-1803). Federalist Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1804 and in 1808. Again elected as Federalist United States Senator from New York in 1813; re-elected in 1819 and served to 1825. Appointed by John Quincy Adams as United States Minister to Great Britain (1825-1826). Anti-slavery activist.

John Eager Howard, Federalist

1816 Federalist Party candidate for Vice President. Commissioned a Captain at the beginning of the Revolutionary War, Howard rose to the rank of Colonel in the Continental Army. Fought in the Battle of White Plains and in the Battle of Monmouth. He was awarded a silver medal by Congress for his leadership at the Battle of Cowpens, during which he commanded the 3rd Maryland Regiment, Continental Army. Elected to the Continental Congress in 1778. Governor of Maryland. Elected as a Federalist in 1796 to the United States Senate. Received 22 electoral votes for Vice President as the running mate of Federalist Rufus King.

John Jay, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Co-Author of the Federalist Papers. Secretary to the New York Committee of Correspondence, where he represented the conservative faction that was interested in protecting property rights and in preserving the rule of law. Delegate to the First Continental Congress in 1774. United States Minister to Spain (1779 - 1782). Diplomat with Benjamin Franklin in Paris to end the war with Britain. United States Secretary for Foreign Affairs under the Confederation. Appointed 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States by George Washington. Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain. Federalist Governor of New York (1795 - 1801). Anti-slavery activist. In 1799 as Governor he signed a bill into law for the emancipation of slaves in New York.

Dr. John Brooks, Federalist

Brooks began his medical practice in Reading, where he became the Captain of the Reading Minutemen. He led them in the Battle of Concord and at Bunker Hill. He accepted a commission as Captain in the Continental Army and took part in battles in White Plains, and Long Island. Wintered with General Washington at Valley Forge. Appointed Major General of the Middlesex Militia in 1786, which he led in suppressing Shays' Rebellion. He was appointed Adjutant General (1812–1816). He won the governorship of Massachusetts with the Federalist Party in 1816.

John Marshall, Federalist

Marshall served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. Lieutenant in the Culpeper Minutemen from 1775 to 1776, and went on to serve as a Lieutenant and then a Captain in the Eleventh Virginia Continental Regiment from 1776 to 1780. Marshall endured the brutal winter conditions at Valley Forge (1777–1778). Special Commissioner to France in 1797 - 1798. Elected as a Federalist Congressman from Virginia. United States Secretary of State for John Adams. Appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1801 - 1835).

Gouverneur Morris, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Delegate to the Continental Congress. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation. Pennsylvania delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Morris was elected to serve on a committee of five which drafted the final language of the proposed constitution. But it was his pen that was responsible for most of the draft, as well as its final polished form. Morris is widely credited as the author of the Constitution's preamble. Morris thought that common people were incapable of self-government because he feared that the poor would sell their votes to the rich. (Time has proven him right.) Gouverneur Morris was one of the few delegates at the Philadelphia Convention who spoke openly against slavery. Served as Minister Plenipotentiary to France from 1792 - 1794. Elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate from New York. - . . . . . . . "The proudest empire in Europe is but a bubble compared to what America will be, must be, in the course of two centuries, perhaps of one." - - - - Gouverneur Morris (Author of the Constitution of the United States)

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