None are more hopelessly
enslaved than those who falsely believe they are free. Johann Wolfgang von
Goethe

‘He who
prides himself on giving what he thinks the public wants is often creating a
fictitious demand for lower standards which he himself will then satisfy' Sir John Reith, first Director General of the BBC,
1924

Films – see appendix
1 below

TV and
radio broadcasting – see appendix 2 below

TV Shows – see
appendix 3 below

Actors,
film directors and film stars – see appendix 3.5 below

Radio shows – see appendix 4 below

Writers
and poets – see appendix 5 below

Newspapers,
Comics and Journals – see appendix 6 below

21/4/2016, The artist Prince,
full name Prince
Rogers Nelson, born 7/6/1958, died.

1/2/2016, Murray Louis, American dancer
and choreographer died (born 1926).

10/1/2016, David Bowie, born in 1947 as David Jones
in Brixton, London, died of cancer two days after his 69th birthday.

25/1/2015, The Greek operatic singer Demis Roussos,
born 14/6/1946, died. He sold 60 million albums, and was also known for his
excess weight, 23 stone at its peak. Because of his weight be began to wear
kaftans for his stage performances, reverting to trousers when he began a
weight loss programme in 1980.

2/5/2012, In
New York, a pastel version of Edward Munch’sThe Scream sold for US$ 120 million at auction, a record sum for a
work of art.

13/3/2012, The
Encyclopaedia Britannica discontinued its print edition, now being online-only,
after 244 years.

17/1/2007, Protests in the UK and
India after, on the Big Brother Reality
Show, Jade Goody
was allegedly racist to Shilpa Shetty.

15/7/2006, Twitter was launched.

12/9/2003, Johnny Cash, US musician, died
(born 1932).

12/5/2000, In London, the Tate
Modernart gallery opened.

15/5/1998, Frank Sinatra died.

21/10/1997, Elton John’s ‘Candle in the Wind’, a tribute to Diana Princess of Wales, sold 31.8 million copies, the best seller ever.

15/7/1997, Gianni Versace, clothes designer, was shot dead at the age of 50. The chief suspect was Andrew Cunanan, a gay serial killer; the FBI beleived Versace was shot in revenge for infecting
other men with HIV. Cunanan was found dead on a houseboat at Miami
Beach, having committed suicide when the police arrived. However there were
rumours of a mafia money-laundering connection, and that Cunanan had been killed to hide the true killer’s identity.

12/6/1997, The new Globe Theatre, London, opened.

8/4/1993, Marian
Anderson, US musician, died.

12/8/1992, US composer John
Cage died, aged 79.

28/4/1992, The
French composer Olivier
Messiaen died aged 83. Also this day the English painter Francis Bacon
died in Madrid, aged 82.

15/2/1992, US composerWilliam Schuman died, aged 81.

24/3/1991, Madonna was awarded an Oscar in Los Angeles.

20/9/1989, Musical ‘Miss
Saigon’ premiered in London.

14/2/1989.(1) The first of 24 satellites for the Global Positioning System were placed
in orbit.

(2)Skyphone, the world’s first satellite
telephone service, was launched on a British Airways flight from London to
New York.

3/2/1989, British Telecom banned ‘chatlines’, because some
people got addicted to them and ran up huge bills which they couldn’t pay.One 12-year-old ran up a bill of £6,000. The
Internet had yet to arrive.

23/1/1989. Death of Spanish surrealist painterSalvador
Dali. He was aged 78, and had lived as a recluse since his wife,
Gala, died in 1982. Art collectors were troubled by revelations that Dali
had signed blank canvasses for othersto
paint.

11/12/1988.An Ariane rocket carrying an Astra 1A
satellite to bring 16 TV channels to Britain was launched from French Guyana.

17/11/1988,The Netherlands became the second country
to connect to the Internet, after
the USA.

26/5/1988, Andrew Lloyd Webber’s musical Cats opened in
Moscow with a British and American cast.

17/4/1988, Louise Nevelson, sculptor born in Kiev,
Russia, in 23/9/1900, died in New York.

18/3/1988, Percy Thrower, horticulturalist, died.

17/3/1988, Grimes, Canadian musician, was born.

5/2/1988, 3.8
million plastic noses were sold for the first ever Comic Relief Red Nose Day.
£15 million was raised.

11/12/1987, At Christies auction house, London, Charlie
Chaplin’s cane and bowler sold for £82,500, and his boots for
£38,500.

22/2/1987, Andy Warhol, American pop
artist famous for his pictures of soup cans, died.
He was born on 6/8/1926 to Czechoslovak immigrants in Pittsburgh.

31/8/1986.UK sculptorHenry Moore,
born 1898, died aged 88.

5/3/1986, Andrew Jenks, US filmmaker, was born.

20/2/1986, Francisco Paolo Mignone, composer,
died aged 88.

26/12/1985, Harold P Warren, US film director, died (born
1928).

9/9/1985. The Welsh clothes designer, Laura Ashley, died, aged 60,
after 9 days in a coma.

8/4/1985,Rupert Murdoch bought Twentieth Century Fox.

28/3/1985, Marc Chagall, French painter (born 7/7/1887 to poor Jewish parents
in Vitebsk, Russia), died in St Paul de Vence. He had moved to Berlin in 1922,
and then to Paris in 1932. In 1941 he fled to the US to escape the advancing
Nazis, returning to France after World War Two ended.

15/3/1985, On the Internet, the first .com name was registered, symbolics.com, by the Symbolics
Corporation. However .edu names still predominated.

1/1/1985, The first mobile phone
call was made, by Ernie Wise to Vodafone.

30/4/1983, George Balanchine, Russian dance
director, died aged 79.

8/3/1983, Sir William Walton, English composer, died on the island of Ischia.

4/2/1983, Karen Carpenter, singer with The Carpenters, died of complications
from anorexia nervosa, aged 32.

11/5/1981, Bob Marley, reggae musician, died of cancer
aged 36.

8/12/1980.John Lennon, born 9/10/1940 in Liverpool
during an air raid, was shot dead in New York by Mark David Chapman. See
26/5/1969.

21/11/1980. A Bill was presented in the UK Parliament separating
the UK post from the telephone services.

30/11/1979, Zeppo Marx, the agent of the Marx brothers,
died in London.

15/8/1979, Peter Shukoff, US comedian and musician, was
born.

1/3/1978, Charlie Chaplin’s coffin was stolen from a
cemetery in Switzerland.

12/4/1960, The musicianRay Charles
won Best Male Vocalist Grammy award.

1959, The Barbie Doll was introduced at the annual Toy Fair in New York.

21/8/1959. Death of the sculptorSir Jacob
Epstein.

28/5/1959, The Mermaid
Theatre opened in the City of London.

3/2/1959, Buddy
Holly, US musician, was killed in an air crash in Iowa.

22/1/1959, Two thirds of British homes now had a television.
The Rank Organisation, on 17/9/1959,
said cinema attendance in Britain fell from 1.396 million in 1950 to 1.101
million in 1956 and was still in decline.

21/1/1959, Cecil B de Mille, Hollywood film producer,
died.

8/8/1958. Columbia Records signed up a 17-year-old singer
called Cliff Richard.

7/6/1958, Prince, American singer,
was born.

30/1/1958, Yves St
Laurent held his first Paris fashion show, aged 22. He was
apprenticed to Christian Dior at 18 and when Dior died in 1959 he became head
designer of the Dior fashion house.

20/12/1957. At the height of his career, Elvis Presley received
his call-up papers.

2/11/1957, Elvis Presley set a record with 8 simultaneous UK top 30 entries.

5/10/1954, Bob Geldof, rock musician and
charity fundraiser, was born in Dublin.

19/5/1954, Charles Ives, US composer died
(born 1874).

15/2/1954, Matt Groening, creator of The Simpsons, was born.

9/11/1953. The Welsh poet Dylan Marlais Thomas, born in
Swansea on 27/10/1914, died in New York City aged 39 after falling into an alcoholic coma. He
had drunk 18 stiff whiskies. His major work, Under Milk Wood, was broadcast on radio in 1954.

15/10/1953 Youth culture was yet to arrive, as was the word
‘teenager’. Top of the pop charts were Mantovani,
Doris Day, and Dean Martin.

2/10/1953. The photograph of William Pettit,
wanted for murder, was shown on the BBC by request from the police. It was the first time TV was used in
Britain to help find a wanted man.

21/7/1953, The first meeting of the Press Council, in London.

28/3/1953, James Francis Thorpe, athlete, died.

5/3/1953. Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer,
died.

14/11/1952,Charts for pop
singles
were published in Britain for the first time, in New Musical Express.

25/2/1943, George Harrison, of the pop
group ‘The Beatles’ was born in Liverpool.

24/11/1942, Billy Connolly, Scottish comedian, was born.

22/9/1942, Ralph Adams Cram, US architect, died

18/6/1942, Paul McCartney of The
Beatles pop group was born in Liverpool.

5/11/1941, Art Garfunkel, of Simon and Garfunkel, was
born in New York.

18/6/1941, Delia Smith was born.

21/1/1941, Placido
Domingo, Spanish operatic tenor, was born in Madrid.

9/10/1940.John Lennon, songwriter and musician in The Beatles pop group, was born in
Liverpool.He was the son of a ship’s
steward.

7/7/1940, Ringo Starr, drummer in the
Beatles pop group, was born Liverpool as Richard Starkey.

29/6/1940, Paul Klee, artist,
died in Switzerland.

8/6/1940, Nancy Sinatra, daughter of singer Frank Sinatra,
was born.

13/7/1939. Frank Sinatra made his
first record, ‘From the Bottom of my Heart’ with the Harry James band.

21/4/1939, Edna Savage, UK singer, was born
(died 31/12/2000).

10/4/1939, Glen Miller recorded
Little Brown Jug.

2/4/1939, Marvin Gaye, soul singer, was born.

19/2/1939, Batman was first drawn by Bob Kane
for a ‘Detective Comic’ to be issued in May 1939.

17/3/1938. Russian dancer Rudolf Nureyev born in Irkutsk,
Siberia.

11/7/1937, The US composerGeorge Gershwin died, aged 38.

8/1/1937, Shirley Bassey, British singer
and entertainer, was born in Cardiff, Wales.

30/9/1936, Pinewood Film Studios opened.

1/8/1936. The French designerYves St
Laurent was born in Oran, Algeria.

20/5/1935, Mickey Rose, US actor, was born (died 2013).

28/9/1934, Brigitte Bardot, actress, female
role model, was born in Paris.

10/6/1934, British composerFrederick Delius died in France.

25/5/1934. The composerGustav Holst,
who wrote The Planets, died aged 59.
He was buried in Chichester Cathedral.

24/4/1934, Laurens Hammond filed a patent for an
"electrical musical instrument" known today as the Hammond organ.

23/2/1934. Sir Edward Elgar, English composer,
(born 2/6/1857), died of pneumonia in Worcester. On 10/11/1910 he conducted the
first performance of his violin concerto, played by Fritz Kreisler, at the Queen’s
Hall, London Applause was described as worthy of the Battle of Trafalgar.

18/2/1934, Yoko Ono, the widow of Jon Lennon, was born.

1/1/1934. Britain now had over 2 million telephone
subscribers, with 275,000 more joining every year.

23/7/1933.Richard Rogers, architect
who designed the Pompidou Centre in
Paris and the Lloyds Building in
London, was born.

1/5/1933, The Britain to India telephone service began.

23/4/1932, The new Shakespeare
Memorial Theatre opened in Stratford
on Avon.

6/3/1932, John Philip Sousa, composer,
died.

3/10/1931. Death of the Danish composerCarl Nielsen.

6/1/1931, The New Sadlers Wells Theatre in London was opened.

1/6/1930, Birth of TV actor Edward Woodward, best known for The Equaliser.

30/4/1930. A telephone link opened between Britain and
Australia.

2/12/1929. Britain got its first 22 public phone boxes.

8/11/1929, The Museum of Modern Art in New York opened.

2/11/1929, The first News Theatre Cinema opened in New York,
the Embassy.

12/10/1929, Magnus Magnusson, British writer and TV
presenter, was born in Reykjavik, Iceland.

18/2/1929, The First Academy Awards, known as Oscars from 1931,
were announced.

3/2/1929, Val Doonican, singer,
was born.

1/1/1929. In the UK, there were now
3.6 telephones per 100 people.

11/12/1928, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Russian author, was born.

26/8/1928, Actress Barbara Stanwyck and vaudeville
comedianFrank Fay were married in St. Louis.

27/4/1928. The Piccadilly Theatre, London, opened.

6/10/1927. The first
full length talking picture, The Jazz Singer, opened in New York.
The soundtrack was almost entirely music.The biggest
problem with sound movies was synchronising speech with mouth movements.

26/3/1927. The Gaumont British Film Corporation was founded.

7/1/1927. The transatlantic telephone service between London and New York began. The charge was
£15 for three minutes.

6/12/1926. The impressionist painterClaude Monet
died as a recluse in Coventry, aged 86.

31/10/1926.The USA magician and escapologist Harry
Houdini died, aged 52. He
was born as Ehrich Weisz in Hungary and adopted his later name from the
conjuror Robert Houdin whose autobiography he read as a young boy. .Determined
to match Houdin’s achievements and to haul his family out of poverty, Houdini
ran away to New York to begin a life in magic and entertainment which would
enthral thousands. He escaped from handcuffs in an underwater nailed packing
crate, and later exposed many psychic frauds. Whilst giving a lecture on
spiritualism in Montreal, Houdini was asked if he could withstand a blow to the
abdomen. Before he had a chance to prepare himself, Houdini was struck three
times by a student. Despite this he managed to perform again, but died of
peritonitis in a Detroit hospital a few days later.

10/6/1926, Spanish architectGaudi y
Cornet died. His most famous building is the Sagrada Familia
cathedral in Barcelona.

6/3/1926. Fire destroyed the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre at Stratford on Avon. Only a blackened shell was left.

21/12/1925.Battleship Potemkin, a film by Sergei Eisenstein, opened in the USSR.

14/11/1925, The first Surrealist
art exhibition opened in Paris.

17/7/1925, Lovis Corinth, German painter, died.

23/5/1925, British publishing magnate Sir Edward Hulton died after
falling off his penny-farthing bicycle.

11/5/1925. Direct telephone
communication between London and Rome began for the first time.

21/1/1925, Benny Hill, English comedian, was born in
Southampton.

29/11/1924, The composer Puccini died in Brussels.

11/6/1924, Théodore Dubois, French composer,
died aged 86.

16/4/1924.The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
film corporation was formed by merger.

14/4/1924, Louis Sullivan, US architect, died in Chicago.

4/3/1924, Happy Birthday to You, a song written by
two US teachers, the sisters Patty and Mildred Hill, first appeared in print in
a book by Robert H Coleman.

7/1/1924.Direct communication by transatlantic cable and land
wire was opened by the Western Union Telegraph Company between London and
Chicago.

9/12/1923, Meggie Albanesi, British actress, died aged
24.

26/11/1922. Birth of the American
cartoonist Charles
Schultz. At an arts instruction school in St Paul, Minnesota, Schultz
asked fellow student Charlie Brown if he could use his name . He
also used Brown’s
moon-face looks to create the friendly loser-kid in the comic strip Peanuts, which featured in some 2,600
newspapers in 75 countries, translated into 21 languages. Schultz died in Santa Rosa,
California, in 2000.

9/9/1921, Charlie Chaplin arrived at Waterloo Station,
London, on the boat train from Southampton, to a rapturous welcome. He was
staying at the Ritz Hotel, socially a million miles from his childhood days in Lambeth.

2/8/1921. Death of the Italian tenor
Enrico
Caruso, whose funeral in Naples was attended by 50,000 people.

27/3/1920, Death of Samuel Colman,
US landscape painter (born 4/3/1832).

17/12/1919. Pierre Auguste Renoir died. He was born on
26/2/1841.

16/5/1919.Waldzin Valentino Liberace was born in
Wisconsin. His father wanted him to be an undertaker.

20/3/1919.Wireless telephone communication established between
Ireland and Canada.

23/1/1908, A 7,000 mile telegraph line from Britain to India
began operations.

7/1/1908, Sir Frederick Gibberd, town planner who designed Harlow New Town, was born (died
1984).He also designed
Didcot power station (1968), the Intercontinental Hotel at Hyde Park Corner,
London (1975), Liverpool’s Catholic cathedral (1967), and the Regent’s Park Mosque
(1977).

4/9/1907. Edward Greig, Norwegian composer, died in Bergen.

22/1/1907, In London, a strike by music hall artists
disrupted theatre performances.

22/10/1906, The painterPaul Cezanne
died in Aix en Provence, France (born 19/1/1839).

7/8/1906, Gerhard Frommel, composer,
was born.

6/8/1906, Vic Dickenson, US trombonist, was born (died
1984).

8/7/1906, Philip Johnson, architect,
was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

23/5/1906, The Norwegian poet Henry Ibsen died.

6/4/1906,The Poet
Laureate, John Betjeman,
was born in London.

13/10/1905, Sir Henry Irving, the first
British actor to receive a knighthood, gave his final performance in Bradford,
Yorkshire, before collapsing and dying in the arms of his dresser at the
Midland Hotel.

29/4/1905, Rudolf Schwartz, Viennese
conductor who survived the Nazi concentration camps to become conductor of the
BBC Symphony orchestra, was born.

15/2/1905, Harold Arlen, musician, was born in New York.

2/2/1905, The Russian writer Maxim Gorky
was released from prison.

21/1/1905, Christian Dior, French designer, was born in Granville.

1/11/1904, George Bernard Shaw’s play John
Bull’s Other Island had its premier.

5/7/1904, The composerEdward Elgar
was knighted.

9/6/1904, First concert
by the London Symphony Hall.

26/5/1904, George Formby, Lancashire comedian who played
the ukulele and was famous for his song Cleaning Windows, was born.

11/5/1904.Spanish painterSalvador
Dali was born in Figueras, Upper Catalonia.

1/5/1904. The Czech composerAntonin
Dvorak died.

9/1/1904, George Balanchine, ballet choreographer, was born
(died 1983).

17/7/1903, James Whistler, painter, died aged 70.

8/5/1903. Death of the French Impressionist painter Eugene Henri Paul Gauguin, on the
Marquesas Islands, Polynesia, aged 54. He was born in Paris in 1848 and spent a
short time with Vincent
Van Gogh. He died of syphilis. Gauguin had given up a successful career on
the Paris stock exchange at 35 to pursue painting, at which he was self-taught.

29/3/1903, A regular news service began between New York and
London began, using Marconi’s wireless.

21/5/1902, Marcel Lajos Breuer, architect, was born (died
1981)

11/4/1902, Fred Gaisberg, of the Gramophone Company, made
the first recordings of Caruso.

29/3/1902,Sir William Walton, English composer, was born in Oldham, Lancashire, to
musical parents.

5/12/1901.Walt Disney was born.

9/9/1901. The bespectacled short painterHenri de
Toulouse-Lautrec died in Malrome from a paralytic stroke, aged 36.

24/6/1901, The first Picasso exhibition opened in Paris.

23/5/1901, Edward Rubbra, composer, was born (died 1986)

12/3/1901, Whitechapel Art
Gallery, London, opened.

20/2/1901, Louis Isadore Kahn, architect, was born (died
1974).

27/1/1901. The Italian composerGiuseppe
Verdi died in Milan aged 87. His works included La Traviata
and Il Travatore.

22/6/1900, In London, the Wallace
Collection was opened to the Public.

14/2/1895, Oscar Wilde’s final play, The Importance of Being
Earnest, opened in London.

8/12/1894, James Thurber, author, was
born in Columbus, Ohio.

9/2/1894, Adolphe Saxe, the Belgian musical instrument
maker who invented the Saxophone,
died in Paris.

6/11/1893. The composerPeter Illich
Tchaikovsky, born.7/5/1840, died of cholera,
after drinking infected water.

18/1/1892, Oliver Hardy, comedian
in the Laurel
and Hardy duo, was born in Atlanta, Georgia.

23/4/1891,Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer,
was born in Sontsovka in the Ukraine.

18/3/1891, The
London-Paris telephone link opened.The first call was between the Prince of Wales and President Carnot. The link
opened to the public on 1/4/1891.

14/3/1891.The submarine Monarch laid
the first telephone cable across the English Channel.

13/2/1891, Grant Wood, US painter, was born in Iowa.

11/1/1891, Baron Georges-Eugene Haussman, architect who designed the broad straight
boulevards of Paris, died in poverty.

2/10/1890, Julius Groucho Marx was born (died 1977).

29/7/1890. Vincent VanGogh, born 30/3/1853,
died after prolonged insanity. He went to the spot where he had painted Cornfield
with flight of birds and shot himself in the chest, on 27/7/1890, dying 2
days later.

16/4/1889. Birth of the comedian Sir
Charles Chaplin in Kennington, London (died 1977). He was the son of
two music hall entertainers.

15/4/1889, Thomas Hart
Benton, US painter, was born in Neosho, Missouri.

23/12/1888.(1) The film magnateJ Arthur Rank was born. Born in Hull, England,
he was born into a Yorkshire flour milling family. He entered the film business
in his mid 30s, seeing it as a way to propagate his Methodist faith. He failed
to secure distribution for a religious film called The Turn of the Tide
and so began his own production, distribution, and exhibition of films in 1933.
By the 1940s the Rank Organisation owned half the film studios in Britain and
over 1,000 cinemas, including the well-known Odeon chain. However Rank failed
to establish Britain as a rival to Hollywood. The Rank Organisation survives
but withy films as a secondary interest behind hotels, real estate, ballrooms,
bingo, and, most profitable of all, copying machines.

(2) The artistVincent Van Gogh cut off his left ear lobe.

23/11/1888,Harpo
Marx, one of the Marx Brothers comedy team, was born
in New York City.

11/5/1888, Irving Berlin, US songwriter, was born as Israel
Baline in Tyumen, Russia.

1887, L L Zamenhof devised
‘Esperanto’.

18/11/1887, Frank Dobson, English sculptor, was born.

15/11/1887, Georgia O’Keefe, artist, was born in Wisconsin.

1/11/1887, The artistL S (Laurence Stephen) Lowry was born in
Rusholme, Manchester.

28/2/1887,Alexander Borodin, Russian composer, died in
St Petersburg.

24/2/1887, The telephone link between Paris and Brussels was
inaugurated, the first such link between national capitals.

26/6/1835, Baron Antoine Gros, French painter, drowned himself in the River Seine at
Meudon, aged 64.

13/5/1835,John Nash, architect
of Regents Park and Brighton Pavilion, died on the Isle of Wight. He had been
commissioned by King
George IV to redevelop parts of London, such as Trafalgar Square and Regent
Street.

12/11/1834. Alexander Borodin, Russian composer, was born in St Petersburg.

19/7/1834, Edward Degas, painter,
was born in Paris.

28/8/1833, Sir Edward Burne-Jones, English painter, was born.

7/5/1833, Johannes Brahms, German composer,
was born in Hamburg, the son of a poor orchestral musician.

6/1/1833, Gustav Dore, French artist,
was born.

23/1/1832. Edouard Manet,
French painter, was born in Paris.

6/1/1832, Gustave Dore, French artist,
was born.

10/11/1830, Jacob Epstein, British sculptor,
was born.

1829, The accordion was invented by Damian, in Vienna.

19/11/1828. Franz Schubert,
born 31/1/1797, died of typhus, aged 31.

16/4/1828, Francisco de Goya, Spanish painter and etcher, died in France aged 82.

20/3/1828, The Norwegian poetHenry Ibsen
was born in Skien, Norway.

8/2/1828. Jules Verne, French writer
and early author of science fiction, was born in Nantes, Brittany.

26/3/1827.ComposerLudwig van Beethoven died in Bonn,
aged 57. His last words were reputedly “I shall hear in Heaven”. His funeral
was on 29/3/1827, in Vienna; thousands attended it.

22/4/1827, Thomas Rowlandson, English watercolour painter (born 1756) died in
London.

25/10/1825, Johann Strauss junior, composer,
was born in Vienna, Austria.

2/3/1824, Bedrich Smetana, Czech composer,
was born in Litomysl, Bohemia.

7/5/1823, Despite his deafness, Beethoven conducted the first
performance of his Ninth Symphony.

1821, The designer,
Louis
Vuitton, was born in Jura, eastern France, to a farming family. At
age 13 he walked to Paris and became apprentice to a master trunk maker.

30/3/1820, Anna Sewell, author
of Black Beauty, was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk.

20/6/1819, Jacques Offenbach, composer, was born in
Cologne, Germany.

11/4/1819, Sir Charles Halle, German musician
who founded the Halle Orchestra in
Manchester, was born.

11/6/1776.John Constable,
landscape
painter, was born in East Bergholt, Suffolk, the son of a landowner
and miller.

16/12/1775. Jane Austen, author, was born at
Steventon in Hampshire, the seventh child of eight born to a rector.

23/4/1775, The painterJoseph Mallory
William Turner was born at Covent Garden, London. He was the son of
a barber.

16/12/1770, Beethoven, German composer,
was born in Bonn, the son of an undistinguished tenor.

7/4/1770. William Wordsworth,
poet,was born, at Cockermouth,
Cumberland. He was the son of an attorney.

10/12/1768. The Royal Academy of
Arts, London, was founded.Joshua Reynolds
was the first President.

20/4/1768. The painterCanaletto died in Venice. Born there
in 1697, Canaletto
painted many scenes of Venice before moving to England in 1746 to paint the
country houses there.

30/5/1766, The oldest theatre still in use in Britain, the
‘Royal;’ in Bristol, was opened.

27/10/1764 The painter
and engraver William
Hogarth died in
London, aged 67.He was buried in
Chiswick churchyard. He also pushed for
legislation to protect the intellectual property of artists, the so-called
‘Hogarth Act’ of 1753.

21/4/1760, Britain’s
first art exhibition opened. The Annual Exhibition of United Artists was
held at the premises of the Society of Arts on The Strand, London.

14/4/1759. George Frederick Handel,
German composer, died, aged 74, and was buried in
Westminster Abbey. He was born in Halle, Saxony, on 23/2/1685. He settled in
England and became court composer to George II.

23/7/1757. The composerScarlatti
died, aged 71.

27/1/1756, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
Austrian composer, was born in
Salzburg, the son of a musician.

10/9/1753. Birth of the architect Sir John Soane. He was born at
Goring, near Reading, the son of a mason, and in 1788 he became architect and
surveyor to the Bank of England. The new exterior he created for the Bank was
regarded as his most famous work. In 1806 he became Professor of Architecture
at the Royal Academy; he was knighted in 1831. His home at 13 Lincoln’s Inn Fields,
which he designed, was the setting for his art and antiques collection. He
lived there alone after his wife died in 1815; it is now the John Soane Museum.
He also designed the Dulwich College Picture Gallery in south London.

28/7/1750. The composerJohann
Sebastian Bach died,
almost blind, of apoplexy. He was born on 21/3/1685 in Eisenach, Germany. He
fathered 20 children, and also composed 300 cantatas, two oratorios, the St
John and St Matthew Passions, and Mass in B Minor.

30/3/1746, Francisco de
Goya, Spanish painter, was born in Fuendetodos, near
Saragosa, son of a master gilder.

13/4/1742, The performance of Handel’sMessiah in Dublin marked the climax of his popularity.

28/7/1741, Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer,
notably of The Four Seasons, died in Vienna.

31/3/1732, Franz Joseph Haydn,
Austrian composer, was born in
Rohrau, son of a wheelwright.

26/4/1731, Daniel Defoe, English author
who wrote Robinson Crusoe, died.

27/1/1731, Bartolommeo Cristofori, Italian harpsichord maker, who designed the first
piano in 1710, died in Florence.

12/7/1730,Josiah Wedgewood, potter,
was born at Burslem, Staffordshire.

14/5/1727.ArtistThomas
Gainsborough was born in Sudbury, Suffolk. He was the son of a cloth
merchant.

26/3/1726.Sir John Vanbrugh, English playwright and architect of Blenheim Palace,
Castle Howard, and many other stately homes, died of quinsy.

16/7/1723, Joshua Reynolds, English portrait
painter, was born at Plympton Earls, Devon.

25/2/1723. Sir Christopher
Wren, architect,
born 20/10/1632 in East Knoyle, Wiltshire, died aged 91, in London. His works included St Paul’s Cathedral (see 22/6/1675) and Chelsea Hospital. He was buried in the crypt of St Pauls Cathedral.

2/3/1717. First ballet
performed in England, The Loves of Mars and Venus , at The
Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, London.

19/2/1717, David Garrick, English actor
and theatre manager, was born in Hereford, son of an army captain.

8/3/1714, C P E Bach, composer,
born.

12/3/1710,Thomas Arne, composer
of Rule Britannia, was born in
London, the son of an upholsterer.

10/11/1697, The painterWilliam Hogarth was born at Smithfield, London, the son of
a teacher.

18/10/1697. Birth of the painterCanaletto. He was born in Venice, as Giovanni
Antonio Canal, and was trained by his father who was a scene
painter. As a youth Canaletto went to Rome to study under the
classical painter Pannini. He returned to Venice to become the
most famous painter of Venetian views of the 18th century. His
patron was Joseph
Smith who served as English consul in Venice; as a result Canaletto’s
work became popular with English travellers and he cane to England in 1746,
staying there for most of the next 10 years. He painted his four views of
Warwick castle, the two largest of which are (2001) in the Birmingham Museum
and Art Gallery.

16/4/1696, Giovanni Batista Tiepolo, Venetian painter, was born.

21/11/1695, Henry Purcell, English composer,
died in London from tuberculosis.

21/3/1685, Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer, was born in Eisenach, Thuringia.

23/2/1685, George Frederick Handel,
German composer, was born in Halle,
the son of a barber-surgeon.

15/12/1683,Izaak Walton, author of The Compleat Angler, died at Winchester aged 90.

4/10/1669. The Dutch painterRembrandtdied in solitude and poverty, aged 63, in Amsterdam, having
survived both his wife and his mistress. He gradually went bankrupt after his
wealthy wife died in 1642, although in his 30s he earned large sums of money
from painting portraits of the elite in Amsterdam. He left a legacy of 600
paintings, 1500 drawings and 350 etchings.

9/4/1667, The world’s
first art exhibition opened at the Palais Royale in Paris, organised by the
Academie de Peinture et de Sculpture. It closed on 23/4/1667.

7/5/1663, The first Drury Lane theatre, London, opened.

1/1/1660,Samuel Pepys
began his Diary.This was
discontinued on 31/5/1669.

2/5/1655, Bartolommeo Cristofori, Italian who invented the first piano, was born in
Padua.

21/6/1652. The architect,
Inigo Jones, died. He had designed
the Queen’s House at Greenwich and the Banqueting Hall at Whitehall. He also
laid out Lincoln’s Inn Fields and Covent Garden.

16/4/1646, Birth of Jules Hardouin-Mansart, French court architect to King Louis XIV who designed the Hall
of Mirrors and the Orangery at Versailles.

13/4/1644. Demolition of the Globe Theatre on the South Bank, London.

9/12/1641, Sir Anthony Van Dyck, Flemish
court painter to Charles I
from 1632, died in his studio in Blackfriars, London, aged 42, and was buried
in Old St Pauls.

1634, Villagers at Oberammagau vowed to put on an
annual Passion Play of they were
spared the Black Death.

23/2/1633,Samuel Pepys,
diarist, born in Salisbury Court, Fleet Street, London. He was the son of a
tailor.

31/10/1632, Jan Vermeer, Dutch painter,
was born in Delft, the son of an art dealer.

20/10/1632,Christopher Wren,
English astronomer and architect,
designer of St Paul’s Cathedral, was born in East Knoyle, Wiltshire, the son of
a dean.

12/3/1628,John Bull, composer
and organist, died.

8/4/1614. The Greek-born Spanish painterDomenikos Theotokopoulos, or El Greco died in Toledo.

29/6/1613. The Globe
Theatre in London burnt down after a cannon was fired during a Shakespeare
play and set fire to the roof.

18/7/1610, The Italian painterCaravaggio
died, A man with a violent temper, he had killed a man in 1606 and had to flee
Rome for Naples, He heard that he was to be pardoned by the Pope and died on
his way back to Rome.

15/7/1606.Rembrandt,
or Harmenszoon
Van Rijn, the Dutch painter,
was born at Leyden.He was the son of a
prosperous miller.

6/6/1599, Diego Velasquez, Spanish painter,
was born in Seville.

22/3/1599, Sir Anthony van
Dyck, Flemish artist and court
painter to Charles I of England, was born in Antwerp, son of a cloth
manufacturer.

31/5/1594, Tintoretto, his real name being Jacopo
Robusti, one of the great Italian painters,
died in Venice, aged 76.

2/2/1594, The composer Palestrina died in Rome (born ca. 1525).

3/9/1592, Robert Greene, dramatist,
died.

28/6/1577, Peter Van Rubens, Flemish painter,
was born in Siegen, Westphalia, the son of a lawyer.

27/8/1576.Titian (Tiziano Vecelli) died, of bubonic plague, in
Venice. His age was uncertain, but was believed to be over 90.

15/7/1573, The architectInigo Jones
was born in London.He was the son of a
clothmaker.

23/11/1572, The painterBronzino
died in Florence, aged 69.

6/4/1528. Albrecht Durer,
German artist and engraver, died in
Nuremberg, aged 57.

6/4/1520. The painterRaphael
died on his 37th birthday.He
was born in Urbino, Italy, on 6/4/1483.

30/11/1518, Andrea Palladio, Italian architect,
was born.

29/9/1518, Tintoretto, Venetian painter,
was born as Jabobi
Robusti, the son of a dyer.

1513, Macchiavelli wrote ‘The Prince’.

1/11/1512. Michaelangelo
unveiled his painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

25/10/1510, Giorgione, painter,
died.

17/5/1510. Death of the Florentine painterSandro
Botticelli, aged 65, whose work included The Birth of Venus.

13/9/1506, Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter,
died in Mantua.

8/9/1504. Michelangelo,
29, unveiled his
statue of David in Florence. The 13 foot high marble statue had taken him three
years to carve.

1499, Oxford University
instituted a Degree in Music.

28/3/1483, Raphael, Italian painter,
was born in Urbino as Raffaello Sanzio or Santi.

6/3/1475, Michelangelo, Italian painter
and sculptor, was born in Capresse, Tiuscany, as Michelagniolo di
Lodovico Buonarroti.

1472, First printed sheet music,
in Bologna, Italy.

21/5/1471.Albrecht Durer, German artist
and engraver, was born in Nuremberg. He was the son of a goldsmith.

29/11/1974.In the
cinema the new sensurround film Earthquake
made its debut.

12/4/1974. Films
on release included Last Tango in Paris and The Exorcist.

4/1/1974. The
James Bond film Live
and let Diewas released in South Africa.

16/10/1972. Films
included Steven Spielberg’s Duel.

17/12/1971, The James Bond
film, Diamonds
Are Forever, was released in the US and Denmark

22/2/1969. Films
on release included 2001: A Space Odyssey.

7/10/1968. Films
on release included 2001: A Space Odyssey.

6/5/30/10/1967. Captain Scarlet
merchandise hit the shops.

1968, The
films 2001: A
Space OdysseyandPlanet of the Apes were showing.

15/6/1967. Films
included The
Further Perils of Laurel and Hardy.

27/1/1963. Films
on release included Cape Fear.

22/9/1964, The James Bond
film Goldfinger
premiered in LeicesterSquare, London.

18/11/1962. The
first James Bond
film, Dr No,
was released.

4/3/1950, Walt Disney’sCinderella
was released.

9/1/1951, The
first film to receive the new X rating opened in London. Entitled Life Begins
Tomorrow, it received the rating for a scene dealing with artificial
insemination.

13/8/1942, The Walt Disney filmBambi premiered at Radio City Music Hall, New
York.

31/10/1941, The Walt Disney
film Dumbo
was released today.

16/8/1925, Charlie
Chaplin’s film Gold Rush was premiered in America.

1/11/1925, The
Buster Keaton film Go West opened.

23/9/1912. Mack Sonnett
released the first Keystone Cops film.

1907, Britain’s first film-only picture theatre, the
Balham Palace, opened in SW London .

Appendix 2 – TV and radio
broadcasting

Start of TV broadcasting. TV
broadcasting started, unsuprisingly, in the most technologically-advanced
countries; the USA in 1928, Germany and the UK in 1929, France in 1931Likewise, the last nations to acquire the
square-eyed box were some of the least technologically-developed; Fiji in
1991, Botswana in 1992, Eritrea in 1993, The Gambia in 1995, and Malawi in
1996.At that point, only Bhutan
remained as the last TV-free bastion; it too fell in 1999.TV therefore conquered the world in about one
human lifespan, 1928 to 1999.Note that
this map is based on the year mass TV broadcasting began in any one country,
and reception may not have reached the entire territory until later.

31/1/2016, Terry Wogan, radio and TV
presenter, died aged 77. He was born on 3/8/1938 in Ireland and became a
British citizen in 2005.

2/6/1999, After decades of resisting external
technological influences such as television, the King of Bhutan allowed TV
broadcasts in the Kingdom for the first time, to coincide with his silver
jubilee.

26/4/1999, BBC TV presenter Jill Dando was shot dead on the doorstep of
her Fulham house in London.

5/2/1989, Rupert Murdoch
launched Sky TV.

1983, By the time a child in the US reached 18, it was
estimated they had watched over 17,000 hours of TV, equivalent to 710
continuous days and nights of TV. In that time they had seen 360,000 adverts
and witnessed 15,000 murders.

1/11/1982. Channel 4 began transmitting. It aimed
to cater to minority audiences.

2/11/1981, CB or Citizen’s Band Radio became legal in
Britain.

20/3/1980. The pirate radio station Radio Caroline, on the ship Mi Amigo, ran
aground and sank after 16 years of broadcasting.

28/2/1980, The BBC announced that as an
economy measure it would scrap five of its orchestras.

1/3/1975,Colour TV broadcasting began in Australia.

21/10/1974,
Liverpool City radio went on air.

8/10/1973.Britain’s
first legal commercial radio station, LBC (London Broadcasting Company) Radio
in London, began transmission.

16/6/1971, The BBC’s first chief, Lord Reith,
died.

18/2/1971. Rupert Murdoch took control of
London Weekend Television.

15/11/1969. The first colour TV advert went on British
television – for Birds Eye peas.

2/9/1969. ITV
began broadcasting in colour.

19/9/1968, The TV
Times, a weekly magazine for British independent TV, was first published.

8/11/1967.The
first local radio station in the UK, Radio
Leicester, went on the air.It was
opened by the Postmaster-General, Edward Short.

30/9/1967.BBC Radio was reorganised. BBC
Radio 1, 2, 3, and 4 began broadcasting, with Tony Blackburn introducing The Breakfast Show. His first record
was Flowers In The Rain by The Move.

15/8/1967.The
Marine Broadcasting Act came into force in the UK, outlawing pop pirate radio stations.

1/7/1967. BBC 2
began colour broadcasting in Britain. Wimbledon was covered in colour for the first time.

2/5/1965. The British satellite, Early
Bird, began transmitting TV programmes to 300 million viewers in 24
countries.

1964, The Tokyo Olympics became the first major sprting event to be
broadcast globally via satellite. By 1969 the entire Earth was covered by
satellite TV transmissions.

23/11/1964, The
first British commercial radio station, Radio
Manx, began broadcasting.

21/4/1964. BBC2 began transmission.

28/3/1964.Radio Caroline, Britain’s
first private radio broadcasting station, began broadcasting from The Channel
outside British waters.

13/11/1962.. Kenneth Adam, Director of BBC TV, announced
that a second channel would be launched in 1964. The new channel would show
very little repeated programmes and not have much American material.

10/7/1962. Telstar I, the world’s first television telecommunications
satellite, was launched in America. The following day it transmitted a special
television inaugural programme to mark the first communications satellite.

1960, European TV broadcasters
agreed on a common standard of 625-line pictures. A few countries differed;
the UK used the post-war 425-line system, and France had already gone for a 819
line standard. Japan followed the US 525-line standard.

11/7/1960.The communications satellite TELSTAR became operational. Britain could
now receive US television shows,

26/12/1959. Bulgarian
National Television was founded. Colour broadcasting began in 1970.

9/1/1957. TV detector vans were first used by the
UK Post Office to track down licence dodgers.

11/12/1956, In
Britain, the start of TV broadcasting was moved forward from 7pm to 6pm.

11/1/1954, George Cowling from the Met
office became the first weatherman to be seen on TV. Previous forecasts had
been sound only.

13/11/1953, In Britain, plans for a new
commercial TV channel to rival the BBC were announced.

1/5/1953, The BBC
began broadcasts from Northern Ireland, from a transmitter near Belfast.

31/12/1951,
Television came to north-west England with the opening of a transmitter near
Manchester. Scotland would get TV in 1953. TV was only available in the London
area until a Midlands transmitter opened in 1950. Now television threatened the
popularity of radio and cinema.

12/2/1950, The European Broadcasting Union
was formed.

27/8/1950, The BBC
transmitted its first pictures from abroad, a two-hour programme from Calais..

3/11/1949, The BBC bought the Rank Studios
in Shepherds Bush for programme making.

29/7/1949,The BBC issued its first televised weather forecast.

29/9/1946, BBC
Radio’s Third Programme, later to become Radio
Three, began broadcasting.

29/7/1945, The BBC
Light Programme began broadcasting.

12/10/1944.Angela Rippon,
British TV presenter, was born in Plymouth.

8/3/1943, Michael Grade,
BBC chief, was born.

5/1/1942, Jan Leeming,
BBC presenter, was born.

1/7/1941.The first TV commercial was shown; on
WNBT in New York, USA.It was for the
Bulova clock and Watch company.

22/6/1940.Esther Rantzen,
TV presenter, was born in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire.

30/4/1939, The
World Fair in New York opened. It was opened by President Franklin D Roosevelt,
who became the first US President to appear on TV, as NBC began their TV news
service this day.

7/4/1939. David Frost, TV
presenter, was born in Tenterden, Kent.

29/3/1938, The BBC
began foreign language broadcasts in German.

3/1/1938.The BBC began its first foreign language
service, in Arabic.

2/11/1936. The first daily high definition TV broadcasts in
Britain were transmitted from the BBC’s aerial at Alexandra Palace, London.
Only around 280 homes had TV sets, which were on sale at the Olympia Exhibition
for £110.

11/6/1936. Leslie Mitchell
became the BBC’s first television announcer.

24/1/1935. Bamber Gasgoigne,
UK TV presenter, was born in London.

19/12/1932, The
British Broadcasting Corporation inaugurated its Empire shortwave broadcasting service to the entire British Empire, based from its Daventry
transmitters, see 25/12/1932.

22/8/1932,The first regular BBC broadcast began, from Alexandra
Palace, Wood Green, north London. Programmes were broadcast on Mondays,
Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays for just 30 minutes, from 11.00pm to 11.30pm.
The same masts were used for radio broadcasts so TV broadcasts could not begin
until radio had finished.

15/3/1932, The BBC made its first broadcast from its new HQ at Portland Place,
near Oxford Circus.

12/11/1931. The
Abbey Road BBC recording studios were opened by Sir Edward Elgar, who conducted
his Pomp and Circumstance marches
with the London Symphony Orchestra.

29/12/1930. Radio Luxembourg began
broadcasting.

11/4/1930.The Daily
Express became the first paper to
publish TV programmes.

30/9/1929, The first experimental TV broadcast was
made by the BBC.

14/8/1928. The
world’s first scheduled television
programmes were broadcast by WRNY in New York.

3/7/1928. The
first TV sets went on sale in the USA, at $75 each. John Logie Baird made the first
colour TV transmission, from the Baird Studios, London.

1/1/1927.The British Broadcasting Corporation,
BBC, came into being. It had formerly been the British Broadcasting Company.

16/10/1925, Britain
began regular broadcasts to Continental Europe, on a weekly basis.

5/2/1924. The BBC
‘pips’ or time signals, were heard for the first time. They were set by a clock
at Greenwich.

31/12/1923. The
chimes of Big Ben were broadcast by the BBC for the first time.

23/12/1923, The BBC
began regular radio broadcasts for entertainment, as opposed to information.

25/11/1923. The
first transatlantic wireless broadcast from the UK to the USA was made.

28/9/1923. The Radio Times was first
published.

27/7/1923,The BBC
radio transmission station at Daventry opened.

14/11/1922. TheBritish Broadcasting Corporation
began daily news broadcasts from 2LO in The Strand, London. This had
formerly been Marconi’s
London broadcasting station. At 6pm the news was read by Arthur Burrows, once at normal
speed and once at slow speed. See 14/2/1922, 18/10/1922 and 26/3/1923.

18/10/1922. The BBC, the British
Broadcasting Company, was officially formed, at Marconi House, The Strand,
London (2LO). See 14/11/1922.

2/11/1920, The
first regular radio programme began, KDKA, in Pittsburgh.

23/2/1920, The
first regular broadcasting service in Britain began, from Chelmsford.

25/5/1913, The
broadcaster Richard
Dimbleby was born.

13/8/1888. Birth
of television pioneerJohn Logie
Baird in Helensburgh, Firth of Clyde, Scotland.

Appendix 3 – TV Shows

30/7/2006, Top of the Pops was broadcast for
the last time.

2003, The BBC
series Tomorrow’s
World was axed (first broadcast 1965).

8/8/1999, ‘Who Wants to be a Millionaire’ was first screened; contestants could win up to US$1,000,000.

14/5/1998, The US sitcom Seinfeld was first broadcast.

20/4/1992, The
comedian Benny
Hill died.

12/6/1989. Live TV
broadcasts from the House of Commons began, after
MPs voted 293 to 69 in favour. Live radio broadcasts began on 9/6/1975.

1988, The soap series Neighbours began on BBC TV

4/4/1988. The
Midlands-based TV soap opera ‘Crossroads’
ended on episode 4,510. The first episode was broadcast in November 1964.

18/3/1985. Australian Seven Network TV
launched a new soap, Neighbours.

19/2/1985, The BBC began broadcasting Eastenders. 13 million people watched the first
episode, in which the pensioner Reg Cox died in his Albert Square home.

16/9/1984, Miami Vice was first broadcast on
NBC TV.

28/5/1984, Eric Morecambe,
comedian on the Morecambe and Wise show, died in Cheltenham.

17/1/1983. The start of Breakfast TV
on BBC with Frank
Bough and Selina Scott.

1/11/1982. The TV
show Countdown
was launched.

27/9/1979. BBC’s Question Time
was broadcast for the first time, with Robin Day in the chair.He stayed with the show for 10 years.

18/2/1979, The BBC screened
the first episode of The Antiques Roadshow, hosted by Bruce Parker, Arthur
Negus and Angela Rippon.

2/4/1978, The
first episode of Dallas
was broadcast in the USA.

8/2/1978, BBC showed the first episode of the school drama Grange Hill.

28/3/1977, British Breakfast TV
began as an experiment on Yorkshire TV, hosted by Bob Warman.

27/11/1975. Devolution was discussed on the TV
programme Newsday.
TV programmes ceased at 12.25 am with What did you learn at School Today? on ITV.

19/9/1975. The first episode of Fawlty
Towers was broadcast by the BBC.

5/12/1974, The last episode of Monty Python’s Flying Circus was broadcast by the
BBC.

29/11/1974.Ironsidewas on
TV.

30/9/1974. The TV
show Some mothers
do ‘ave ‘em was showing.

21/6/1974. TV
showed The
Wombles.

19/6/1974. The Pink Panther Show
entertained the young on TV, whilst later on, grown ups had The Two Ronnies.
The Best of Les
Dawson provided relief after seven hours of World Cup Grandstand.

4/1/1974. On TV,
whilst Holiday
’74 compared the rival delights of Blackpool and Benidorm, Dad’s Army
also entertained viewers.

4/9/1973. BBC2 was still broadcasting for less than 7
hours a day, including the antique –lover’s show Collector’s World. ITV began at
11.15 am with Galloping
Gourmet. Other programmes of the day included A TUC Special, Crossroads,
and the sitcom Up The Workers. Emmerdale Farm was also on, and
schedules closed at 12.15 am after The Evangelists.

27/11/1972, In the
first episode of the fourth season of Sesame Street, the character of "The
Count" (officially Count von Count) was introduced. True to his name, the
friendly children's show puppet vampire (performed by Jerry Nelson) helped children
count.

16/10/1972. BBC1’s
daytime TV included Pebble Mill At One and The Magic Roundabout as well as Blue Peter.
Soaps included Crossroads,
filmed in a Birmingham warehouse. Z Cars and Mastermind were also on the TV schedules. ITV was
offering Opportunity
Knocks and Coronation Street.

2/7/1970. The BBC ran a late night
programme called Decimal
shops: preparing for decimal money.

5/10/1969, Monty Python was first screened.

22/2/1969. On TV a
wheelchair bound detective called Ironside battled San Francisco’s crooks.

5/2/1969. On BBC1 All Gas and Gaiters
was a comedy about a young Church of England priest, Derek Nimmo.

4/12/1968. On TV Bill and Ben the
Flowerpot Men still entertained children 16 years after their
initial appearance. The weak willed pair still lived in fear of the gardener
and were mercilessly bullied by Weed.

15/10/1967. TV
viewers saw Steptoe
and Son, whilst Patrick McGoohan was unable to accept his lot in
North Wales as The
Prisoner. Ironside the wheelchair bound detective propelled
himself around the streets of San Francisco.

3/7/1967, In
Britain, ITV launched News at Ten.

29/6/1967. The Magic Roundabout
continued on TV, as did The Man from UNCLEas he battled with the evil
THRUSH organisation.

25/6/1967, The
first worldwide TV show was broadcast; via satellite link it reached 26
countries. The programme, Our World, had an estimated audience of 400
million. It concluded with a live Beatles performance of All You Need is Love.

15/6/1967.. The
Guardian TV critic complained that ‘with the basically green and white
Wimbledon being followed by Late Night Line Up with everyone wearing basically
black and white’ people paying nearly £2 a week to rent the colour sets should
be getting ‘the occasional dazzle’. Whickers WorldandTill Death do us Partformed part
of the TV schedules.

14/6/1967. On TV,
‘Games without Frontiers’ was on. It’s a Knockoutand The Likely Ladswas also on.

23/9/1966. On TV Emergency Ward Ten
was on as Patrick Mc Goohan’sDanger Man was about to give way to The Prisoner.

8/9/1966. Star Trek was first broadcast.

16/7/1966. Doctor Who
continued to entertain on TV, and scare kids into hiding behind the sofa so the
Daleks wouldn’t get them.

6/6/1966, On
British TV the first episode of Til Death Us Do Part was showing, with Warren Mitchell
as Alf Garnett.

21/4/1966,The opening of the UK
Parliament was televised for the first time.

19/2/1966. TV
shows included Bewitched
and Dixon of Dock
Green. Thunderbirds was on at 6pm, and The Morecambe and Wise Show at 9.20
pm.

1965, The BBC series Tomorrow’s World was forst broadcast (axed 2003).

28/12/1965. On TV, Phil Silvers starred in Sergeant Bilko.

30/9/1965, The first episode of Thunderbirds
was broadcast in the UK.

30/7/1965, Coronation Street
was the top TV show

2/11/1964. First
showing of the TV serial Crossroads.

22/8/1964, BBC2 first broadcast Match of the Day; Arsenal played Liverpool at
their Anfield ground, watched by a TV audience of 20,000 in black and white.
Over 40,000 actually attended the ground. In 2014 BBC1’s Match of the Day had a
TV audience of 3.6 million. In 1964 each of the Football League Clubs made £136
from the TV programme; in 2014 each Club made £3 million from the show.

21/4/1964.BBC2 began
transmission. The first programme was Play School.

17/1/1964, The top UK TV programme was Steptoe and Son.

1/1/1964. The first Top of the Pops was broadcast, with Jimmy Savile
as its presenter.

23/11/1963. The BBC
screened the first episode of Dr Who. The doctor was played by William
Hartnell.

22/1/1963. TV
showed The
Flintstones at the prime slot of 7pm. TV closed down around
midnight.

21/9/1962, The
British TV quiz programme University Challenge
conducted by Bamber
Gascoigne was first transmitted.

9/9/1962. TV
showed another episode of Steptoe and Son, and The Morecambe and Wise Show.

11/5/1962. TV
showed Emergency
Ward Ten.

21/1/1962On TV, new, were Steptoe and Son and Z Cars.

7/1/1961, The first episode of The Avengers
was broadcast.

9/12/1960.Coronation Street
first televised. The
series was expected to last just 13 weeks.

11/9/1960, The first episode of Danger Man, starring Patrick McGoohan, was broadcast
on UK TV.

10/9/1960, The first English Football league match to
be televised was broadcast today.Blackpool played Bolton Wanderers.

28/10/1958. In
Britain, the State
Opening of Parliament was televised for the first time.

27/10/1958.The
first edition of the BBC programme Blue Peter was broadcast.

11/10/1958.The BBC sports programme
Grandstand was first transmitted.It was the idea of Paul Fox.

25/12/1957. The Queen made her first Christmas
Day broadcast on British TV.

3/3/1957, The UK competed in the Eurovision Song Contest for the
first time. The British entry, All,
sung by Hull-born Patricia Bredin, came seventh out of ten in
Frankfurt Am Main, Germnay.

22/10/1957. The children’s TV show, Captain Pugwash, was first
broadcast.

5/11/1956. The
weekly British TV programme What the Papers Say
was first transmitted.

24/5/1956 The first Eurovision song contest was held. Europe
was just recovering from the Second World War but the Cold War was in full
swing. There was a need to unite the
countries of western Europe. An Italian radio manager had an idea for a
European music festival similar to the popular Italian San Remo Festival. The
first Eurovision song contest was
held in Switzerland with seven countries participating, each with two
songs/performances. These were West Germany, France, Italy, Holland, Belgium,
Luxembourg, and Belgium, the same countries that took the initiative to form
the European Union. Switzerland won the first contest with the song ‘Refrain’.
Since then 37 different countries have participated, 800 different singers have
performed 900 new songs, and the show attracted 100 million viewers in 2002.

28/1/1956, Elvis Presley made his first appearance on TV,
on The Dorsey
Brothers Stage Show.He sang Shake Rattle and Roll.

17/2/1956, The first episode of The Adventures of Robin Hood was broadcast, with Richard Greene
playing the hero. The famous signature tune entered the top 20, and the series
ran to 143 episodes.

22/9/1955.With the start of
commercial television in Britain came the first TV advertisement. It was
for Gibbs SR toothpaste. Programmes from the two commercial programme makers,
Associated Rediffusion and the Associated Broadcasting Company, included the
annual Guildhall banquet, Britain’s first-ever cash prize quiz show, a variety
show and a boxing match from Shoreditch. Popular ITV shows included Sunday Night at the
London Palladium andCoronation Street. By ITV’s annual advertising
revenue increased from an initial £2 million in 1956 to £100 million in 1960.
The BBC competed by having Grace Archer, a leading character in their radio
drama The Archers, killed off in a fire.

7/7/1955, Dixon of Dock Green began on BBC TV
with Jack
Warner as George Dixon.
It was to run for 21 years and 367 episodes.

11/11/1953. The BBC programme Panorama was first transmitted, headed by Patrick Murphy.

8/12/1952, Queen Elizabeth II gave
permission for next year’s Coronation (1/6/1953) to be televised.

1/1/1952, In Britain, the single TV channel, BBC, broadcast for
just a few hours a day. Programmes ran from 3pm to 6pm, including Children’s Hour.
There was then a 2-hour break, the so-called Toddler Truce, to enable mothers
to get their small children to bed. Programmes then ran for 2 hours or so from
8pm. News coverage was patchy and sports coverage and light entertainment
virtually absent.

15/10/1951,Britain’s
first party
political broadcast on the BBC, by Lord Samuel for the Liberal Party.

29/9/1950, The first ever episode of Come Dancing
aired on TV.

11/7/1950. The BBC
transmitted its first children’s
programme, Andy Pandy.

11/7/1949. The
first film made specifically for television, ‘A Dinner date With Death’ was shot
at Marylebone Studios between 11 and 14 July 1949.

26/4/1947. The English FA Cup Final,
between Charlton Athletic and Burnley, televised in its entirety for the first
time.

20/10/1946. Muffin the Mule,
a wooden puppet, first appeared on BBC TV.

19/1/1942.Michael
Crawford, British comedy actor, was born in Salisbury, Wiltshire, as
Michael
Dumble-Smith.

27/10/1939, John Cleese,
English comedy actor, was born in Weston Super Mare.

3/8/1938, Terry Wogan,
TV broadcaster, was born in Limerick, Ireland.

30/4/1938, In
Britain, the FA
Cup Final was televised for the first time.

25/11/1937, The
first British quiz programme, an inter-regional spelling competition, was
broadcast.

21/6/1937, Lawn tennis at
Wimbledon was televised for the first time.

21/11/1936. The
first gardening programme was broadcast by the BBC. It was called “In your garden with
Mr Middleton”.

15/5/1935, The world’s first TV quiz programme was broadcast,
in Canada.

3/6/1931, In Britain the Derby horserace
was televised for the first time. Only a limited number of wealthy people had
TV sets, and a few other enthusiasts had built their own receivers in garden
sheds.

11/9/1928, In New York the world’s first
television drama was broadcast. It was a 40 minute two-character play called The Queen’s
Messenger.

6/5/1992. Marlene
Dietrich, German actress, died in Paris aged 90. She was born on
27/12/1901 in Berlin, and left Germany for the USA in 1930. Her role in the
film The Blue
Angel brought her to fame. She became a US citizen in 1937,
rejecting attempts by Hitler to bring her talents back to Germany.
She played a major role in entertaining the wartime Allied troops. In 1960, on
only her second post-war visit to Germany, she encountered hostility from
pro-Nazi sympathisers. She subsequently remained hostile to the ideas of
returning to Germany again, until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, and
chose the city as her final resting place.

18/5/1991, Muriel Box, British writer, film director and
feminist, died aged85.

17/5/1991, Daniel Curtis Lee, American actor, was born.

6/10/1989, Sophia Thomalla,
German television actress, was born.

6/3/1989, Harry Andrews,
actor, died aged 77.

13/4/1988, Allison
Williams, US actress, was born.

15/5/1987, Rita Hayworth, US actress, died of Alzheimer’s Disease.

1/3/1988, Katija Pevec, English actress, was born.

30/3/1985, Harold Peary, actor, died of a
heart attack aged 76.

29/4/1980.The
British film director Alfred Hitchcock died, aged 80.

11/6/1979. The actor John Wayne died,aged 72.

8/6/1979, British
actor Michael
Wilding died.

31/1/1974,Sam Goldwyn,
Polish-born US film producer, died aged 91.

29/3/1972,J Arthur Rank,
British film entrepreneur, created a
peer in 1957, died.

25/2/1971, Sean Astin, US actor, was born
in Santa Monica, California.

1/1/1971, Kalabhavan Mani, Indian actor
and singer, was born in Chalakudy, Kerala

6/6/1967, Paul Giamatti,
US actor, was born.

23/2/1965,Stan Laurel, English-born American film
comedian along with Oliver Hardy, died aged 74.

28/9/1964. Harpo Marx, the silent one who chased girls
and played the harp, died aged 75.

7/3/1958, Rick Mayall, actor in The Young Ones, was born.

26/12/1957, Death of French film pioneer Charles Pathe.

21/3/1957, Sabrina Le Beauf, US actress, was born.

14/1/1957, Humphrey Bogart, American film actor and 1951
Oscar winner, died of throat cancer.

30/9/1955, TV actor James Dean was killed when his Porsche
careered off the road near Los Angeles.

2/4/1954, Ron Palillo, actor, was born (d.
2012).

21/10/1949, Jacques Copeau, French actor,
died in Beaune.

22/6/1949, Meryl Streep, actress, was born.

14/7/1946, Sue Lawley, TV presenter, was
born.

2/2/1946, Farrah Fawcett, US actress, was
born.

26/3/1944, Diana Ross, US actress, was
born.

27/5/1943, Cilla Black, singer and
presenter of the TV show Blind Date,
was born.

8/8/1937, Actor Dustin Hoffman was born.

20/9/1934, Sophia Loren, actress, was born.

14/4/1932, Anthony Perkins, the actor who
starred in Hitchcock’s film, Pyscho, was born.

25/8/1930, Sean Connery,
British film actor who played the leading role in seven James Bond movies, was
born in Edinburgh as Thomas Connery.

30/3/1930, Rolf Harris,
Australian entertainer and cartoonist, was born.

25/9/1929, Ronnie Barker,
English comedy actor, was born in Bedford, UK.

7/4/1927, The
comedian A
Dolan was televised in Whippany, New Jersey, making him the first
televised comedian.

31/10/1926, Jimmy Savile, British radio and
TV presenter, was born in Leeds, Yorkshire.

28/3/1921. Dirk Bogarde, English film actor, was born in Hampstead, London.

4/2/1920, Norman Wisdom,
British comedian, was born as Norman Wisden.

6/8/1917, Robert Mitchum,
Hollywood actor, was born in Connecticut, USA.

12/7/1915, Taijde Khan,
stage name Yul
Bryner, famous actor, was born this day.

20/1/1914, Roy Plomley,
who created ‘Desert Island Discs’,
was born. He began his career as a copywriter for an advertising agency then
became an actor. He then became an announcer for a French commercial radio
station. He was awarded the OBE in 1975.

30/11/1913.Charlie Chaplin made his
film debut in Mack
Sennett’s short film Making a
Living.

3/3/1913, Harold Stone,
US actor, was born (died 2005).

26/5/1907, John Wayne,
actor, was born.

18/9/1905. Greta Garbo, the Swedish
shop-girl who became a famous film star, was born.

16/5/1905, Bob Hope, US comedian, was born.

7/7/1904, James Cagney, film director, was
born in New York.

1/4/1904, Sid Field,
English actor was born (died 1950).

18/1/1904,Cary Grant,
American film actor, was born in Bristol, England, as Alexander Archibald Leach.

29/5/1903, Bob Hope,
comedian, was born.

27/12/1901.Marlene Dietrich, German
actress, was born.

5/4/1900, Spencer Tracy,
US actress, was born.

5/7/1899, Jean Cocteau,
film director, poet, artist, novelist,
was born in Maisons-Lafitte, France.

13/8/1898.Alfred
Hitchcock, film director, born in Leytonstone.

1/2/1893, In New
Jersey, USA, Thomas
Edison opened the world’s
first film studio.

16/6/1890. Stan Laurel, of the Laurel and Hardy duo, was born as Arthur Stanley Jefferson in Ulverston,
Lancashire (now Cumbria). Oliver Hardy was born in America on 18/1/1892.

29/8/1882, Samuel Goldwyn
was born.

Appendix 4 – Radio
shows

24/1/1997.The Archers celebrated its 12,000th
episode. The Radio 4 series drew an average of 4.5 million listeners each week.

30/5/1985. The death of Roy Plomley, who created the long running
radio series Desert Island Discs in
1941.

3/4/1978.Regular BBC radio broadcasts of British
Parliamentary proceedings began.

9/6/1975. Live radio broadcasting from the House of Commons
began. On 12/6/1989, TV broadcasts from the House of Commons began.

27/7/1967.Robin Scott, the man in charge of the brand
new Radio One, announced that should pop
music prove to be a passing fad, he would devote the station’s output to
‘sweet music’.

7/6/1950 The BBC radio serial The Archers was first
broadcast; it was created by Godfrey Basely.

1/11/1947. Sports Report, the BBC
radio Saturday afternoon programme, went on the air.

13/1/1947, In Britain, top radio shows included Woman’s Hour, Dick Barton, and Radio
Forfeits.

4/10/1946, From Our Own Correspondent
was first broadcast on UK radio.

1/8/1945. Family Favourites record request programme began on
the BBC.

3/4/1943, Saturday Night Theatre was first
broadcast on UK radio.

29/1/1942, The first broadcast of theBBC radio programme ‘Desert Island Discs’, devised and presented by Roy Plomley. Roy Plomley
presented the programme until 11/5/1985; he died 17 days later on 28/5/1965.
The first ‘castaway’ was the comedian, Vic Oliver.

1939, The term ‘soap opera’ was coined to describe the
radio drama that, from the 1930s, had been sponsored by the washing powder
manufacturers; ongoing dramas affecting ordinary families, which proved to be
addictive to listeners. The first such radio ‘soap opera’ was Betty and Bob and One Man’s Family,
broadcast on NBC in the USA in 1932

1/9/1939. The BBC
Home Service, later to become Radio
4, began broadcasting.

7/10/1938, BBC Radio began its first soap opera, the English Family Robinson.

25/10/1936A radio station in Berlin played the first request
programme, called ‘You ask – We play’.

25/12/1932.King George V made the first Christmas Day
broadcast to the Empire, see 19/12/1932.

6/11/1929, The Week in Westminster was first
broadcast on UK radio.

21/10/1929, The BBC
began transmitting regional services.

2/1/1928, Daily Service
was first broadcast on radio in the UK.

7/7/1927. Christopher Stone became the first disc jockey on British radio when
he presented his record round up from Savoy Hill.

14/5/1927. The BBC broadcast its first cricket commentary, from the Essex vs. New Zealand match at
Leyton, east London.

2/4/1927, The Oxford and Cambridge boat race was first
broadcast.

22/1/1927.The BBC
broadcast its first football match; between Arsenal and Sheffield United.The result was a draw, 1-1.

11/10/1926. Children’s Hour started on
BBC Radio.

26/1/1926, The Shipping Forecast was first
broadcast on radio.

24/1/1926, The Week’s Good Cause was first
broadcast on radio.

4/4/1924, The BBC
broadcast its first radio programmes for schools.

16/1/1924, The BBC
broadcast the first play written specifically for radio, Danger, by Richard Hughes.

2/5/1923, The BBC radio programme ‘Woman’s Hour’ began.

Appendix 5 – Writers
and poets

3/8/2008, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, writer, died, aged 90.

18/3/2008, Sir Arthur C Clarke, science
fiction writer, died aged 90.

6/4/2005, US novelist Saul Bellow
died, aged 89.

24/5/2000.The funeral of novelist Dame Barbara Cartland.

30/6/1997, The first book in the award-winning Harry Potter series by J K Rowling was published.

20/12/1968.John Steinbeck,
American author who wrote The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men, Nobel Prize Winner in 1962, died in New York City.

28/11/1968. Enid Blyton, creator of Noddy
and Big Ears, died. She was born on
11/8/1897 in East Dulwich. In the mid 1930s she began writing her stories,
which featured Noddy, the Famous Five, and the Secret Seven.

22/7/1967, The US poetCarl
Sandburg died in North Carolina.

31/7/1965,J K Rowling,
British author of the Harry Potter
series, was born.

4/1/1965.The
poet and playwright T S Eliotdied. He was born on 26/9/1888 in
Saint Loius, Missouri. After studying at Harvard University he went to Paris in
1910 to teach French literature and philosophy at the Sorbonne. Later, after
the start of World War One, he went to Merton College, Oxford, to read Greek
Philosophy. In 1915 he married Vivien Haigh-Wood and in 1919 became a British
citizen. His first volume of poetry, Prufrock
and other Observations, was published in 1917 followed by Poems in 1919. In 1922 The Waste Land, regarded as his greatest
poem, reflected the discontent that followed the trauma of the Great War. In
1948 he was awarded the Nobel Prize
for literature.

9/12/1964, English
poetDame Edith Sitwell died, aged
77.

12/8/1964,Ian Fleming,
British author and creator of James
Bond, died aged 56.

7/6/1962, William
Faulkner, US writer
(born 25/9/1897 in New Albany, Mississippi) died in Oxford, Mississippi.

11/2/1950, AuthorKurt Vonnegut was published for the first
time, as his story "Report on the Barnhouse Effect" appeared in
Collier's magazine.

21/1/1950. George Orwell died (born 1903).
This was the pen name of British authorEric Arthur
Blair. His best known works include Animal Farm and 1984.

6/6/1949, George Orwell’s
book Nineteen
Eighty Four was published.
Suffering from tuberculosis, Orwell completed the book between periods of
hospitalisation in a remote house in The Hebrides.

13/8/1946. AuthorH G Wells;
born on 21/9/1866, died in London, aged 76.

27/7/1946, The US writerGertrude Stein (born 3/2/1874 in Allegheny,
Pennsylvania), died in Paris, France.

28/12/1945, Theodore
Dreiser, US author (born 27/8/1871 in Terre Haute, Indiana), died in
Hollywood, California.

31/7/1944. The
pilot and writerAntoine de Saint-Exupery, author of ‘The Little Prince’, was reported
missing.

22/12/1943. The
author Beatrix
Potter died aged 77.

21/12/1940. F Scott
Fitzgerald, US author,
died.

11/2/1940, Death
of John
Buchan, author
of The Thirty Nine Steps, also
Governor-General of Canada, died and was cremated in Montreal. His ashes were
returned to England and buried in Elsfield, Oxfordshire.

28/1/1939, W B (William
Butler) Yeats, Irish poet, playwright,
and Nobel Prize winner in 1923, died in the south of France.

1/6/1938, Khawar Rizvi,
poet, was born in the Punjab, British
India.

14/6/1936, G K Chesterton,
British poet and novelist, died.

18/1/1936,Rudyard Kipling, English novelist
who won the Nobel Prize in 1907,
died.

30/7/1935.Penguin paperbacks went on sale in Britain. The first such book on
sale was a biography of Shelley.

23/5/1935, Laase Stromstedt, Swedish author, was born (died 2009).

6/7/1932, Kenneth Grahame, author who
wrote Wind in the Willows, died (born
8/3/1859).

21/1/1932, Lytton Strachey, founder member
of the Bloomsbury Group, an
influential writers and intellectual
group, died.

22/11/1916, Jack London,
author and campaigner for social justice (born 12/1/1876 in San Francisco) died
destitute of a drugs overdose.

13/9/1916,Roald Dahl, author
of children’s books, was born in Llandaff, Glamorganshire.

10/7/1915, Saul Bellow,
US author, was born in Lachine,
Quebec.

23/4/1915, Rupert Brooke,
British poet, died at Lemnos.

27/10/1914, Dylan Marlais
Thomas, Welsh poet,
was born in Swansea, the son of a schoolmaster.

7/11/1913. Birth of
the French novelist and playwrightAlbert Camus.
He was born in Algeria and studied philosophy. He worked as an actor, teacher,
and journalist; and was active in the French Resistance in World War II. But he
found fame as an existentialist writer; for example his nihilist novel The Outsider, 1942, contained the line
“Mother died today. Or perhaps it was yesterday. I don’t know”. He was awarded
the Nobel prize for literature I 1957, and died in 1960.

29/3/1913, R. S. Thomas,
Welsh poet, was bornin Cardiff (died 2000).

14/5/1912, August
Strindberg, playwright,
died in Stockholm, Sweden..

20/4/1912,Bram Stoker,
Dublin-born creator of Dracula in 1897, died aged 65 in London.

26/3/1911, Tennessee
Williams, US playwright
(born 26/3/1911) died in New York City.

7/11/1910, Leo Tolstoy, author of War and Peace and Anna
Karenina, died.

5/6/1910, Death of American short-story
writer O. Henry (real name William Sydney Porter).

28/5/1908, Ian Fleming, creator of James Bond, was born
in London.

10/12/1907.Rudyard Kipling
was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature,
the first time it had been awarded to an English writer.

15/11/1907, Moncure Conway,
author, died in Paris (born 17/3/1832
in Virginia, USA).

21/2/1907, W H Auden,
English poet, was born.

20/6/1906, Catherine Cookson, British writer, was born.

13/4/1906, Samuel Beckett, Irish playwright, was born.

9/2/1906, Paul Laurence Dunbar, poet and
novelist (born 27/6/1872 in Dayton, Ohio) died of tuberculosis. Son of a former
slave, his poetry did much to describe the everyday lives of Black Americans.

21/6/1905,Jean Paul-Sartre, French dramatist and novelist, was born in Paris.

2/7/1904, The Russian playwright, Anton Chekhov, born 17/1/1860 in
Taganrog, died in Germany whilst being treated for tuberculosis.

2/3/1904, Theodor Seuss Geisel, author of children’s books, was born in
Springfield, Massachusetts.

1/11/1903, Theodor Mommsen, writer, died
aged 87.

25/6/1903. Birth of
the authorGeorge Orwell, in Motihari,
Bengal, India.He was born as Eric Arthur
Blair.

1902, Beatrix Potter’s first book, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, was published.

25/10/1902, Frank Norris,
US novelist, died.

21/9/1902, Sir Allen Lane,
English publisher who founded Penguin books and brought about the paperback
revolution, was born.

20/9/1902, Stevie Smith,
poet and novelist, was born (died 1971)

9/7/1901, Barbara Cartland, British writer of romantic novels,
was born.

24/3/1901, Charlotte M
Yonge, novelist, died, aged 78.

3/2/1901, Rosamund
Lehmann, novelist, was born (died 1900).

30/11/1900. The Irish writer Oscar Wilde (born Dublin 1854) died in poverty in Paris under the pseudonym Sebastian Medmoth. Wilde’s stage and literary career ended in
1895 when the Marquess of Queensbury, angered by Wilde’s friendship with his son, accused Wilde of sodomy. Wilde sued for libel but lost the case and was at once prosecuted for
homosexuality. He served two years in gaol 1895-97 before fleeing to France and
poverty.

29/6/1900, Antoine de
Saint Exupery, author of The
Little Prince, was born.

17/1/1899, Nevil Shute,
English novelist, was born in Ealing, London.

14/1/1898.Lewis Carroll, author of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, died
in Guildford, Surrey.

11/8/1897,Enid Blyton, author of children’s books, was born in
Dulwich.

26/5/1897, Bram Stoker’sDracula was first published.

24/9/1896, F Scott
Fitzgerald, US author,
was born.

14/1/1896, John Dos Passos,
US writer, was born in Chicago,
Illinois.

3/12/1894. Robert Louis Stevenson, who wrote Treasure Island, died.

26/7/1894, Aldous Huxley,
novelist, was born.

6/10/1892. Alfred Lord Tennyson, poet
laureate from 1850, died at Aldworth, Surrey. He was born on
6/8/1809.

31/8/1892, George Curtis,
US writer (born 24/2/1824) died
at Staten Island.

3/1/1892. Author
J.R.R.Tolkein, creator of The Lord Of The Rings and The Hobbit, was
born in Bloemfontein, Orange Free State, South Africa. He died in Bournemouth
in 1973.

15/9/1890,Agatha Christie,
crime writer, was born in Torquay,
Devon, as Agatha
Mary Clarissa.She died on
12/1/1976.

10/2/1890,Boris
Pasternak, Russian writer,
author of Dr Zhivago, was born in Moscow.

23/11/1889, Quintin
Crauford, British author, died in Paris.

26/9/1888.The poetT S Eliot was born
– see 4/1/1965.

30/1/1888, Edward Lear,
English author and artist, who wrote
the Book of Nonsense, died in San Remo, Italy.

15/5/1886, Emily Dickinson,
US poet, died in Amherst,
Massachusetts.

11/9/1885, DH Lawrence,
author of Lady Chatterley’s Lover, was born.

22/5/1885, Victor Hugo,
French poet and novelist, author of
Les Miserables, died in Paris aged 83.

3/7/1883, Franz Kafka,
Czech poet and playwright, was
born.

1/6/1882, John Drinkwater,
poet and dramatist,
was born.

27/4/1882, Ralph Waldo
Emerson, US poet and essayist, died aged 78 in Concord..

28/1/1881.Fyodor Dostoyevsky
died (born in Moscow, 30/10/1821, son of a surgeon) . His funeral cortege on
31/1/1881 was followed by 30,000 people. He wrote,
amongst others, The Idiot, Crime and Punishment, and The Brothers Karamazov.

17/11/1837, Charles
Dickens’ first book, The
Pickwick Papers, was published in entirety.

10/2/1837, Alexander
Pushkin, Russian writer,
was killed in a duel.

14/8/1836, Sir Walter Besant, English novelist,
was born.

30/11/1835, Mark Twain
was born.

22/3/1832.Johann van
Goethe, German poet and writer,
author of Faust, died aged 82.

27/1/1832,Lewis Carroll, English mathematician and
children’s book author, notably Alice in Wonderland
and Through the Looking Glass, was born at the vicarage at Daresbury,
near Warrington. His name was originally Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, first son of
a family of 12 children.

10/12/1830, Emily Dickinson,
US poet, was born in Amherst,
Massachusetts.

25/3/1811, The poetShelley was sent down from Oxford for
publishing The Necessity of Atheism.

31/3/1809, Nikolai Gogol, Russian author, was born in Sorochinsty, Poltava.

19/1/1809, Edgar Allen Poe, American writer
of macabre stories, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, of theatrical parents.

6/8/1809, Alfred Lord
Tennyson, poet,
was born.

12/10/1805, The
Theatre Royal, Bath, was founded.

2/4/1805, Hans Christian Anderson, Danish fairy tale writer, was born in Odense, son of
a shoemaker.

25/5/1803, Ralph Waldo Emerson, US poet and
essayist, was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

26/2/1802, Victor Hugo, French poet and novelist, was born in Besancon, the
son of a professional soldier.

6/6/1799, Alexander
Pushkin Russian writer,
was born

20/5/1799. Honore de
Balzac born.

30/8/1797, Mary Shelley,
English novelist, best known as the
author of Frankenstein, was born in London.

11/8/1797, A secret
Home Office report suspected Coleridge and the Wordsworths of being enemy
agents, because of their wandering around the countryside with campstools and
making detailed sketches of the landscape.

21/7/1796. Robert Burns, Scottish poet, died aged 37 in Dumfries, and was
buried there.He was born on 25/1/1759,
the eldest son of a poor peasant farmer, about 2 miles from Ayr, at Alloway.

31/10/1795, John Keats, English romantic poet, was born in London, the son of an
innkeeper.

19/5/1795, James Boswell, Scottish diarist
and biographer of Dr Johnson,
died in London, aged 54.

29/9/1792, The
Theatre Royal, Dumfries, was founded.

4/8/1792,Percy Bysshe
Shelley, poet, was born at Warnham.

11/7/1790,William
Wordsworth and his friend Robert Jones set off on a walking tour of
France and Switzerland.

1/10/1788,William Brodie
was hanged in Edinburgh. His career inspired Robert Louis Stevenson to write The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.

22/1/1788,George Gordon,
or Lord
Byron, poet,
was born in London.

29/1/1787, Thomas Paine, English writer,
was born.

24/2/1786, Wilhelm Grimm, German collector
of fairy tales along with his
brother Jacob,
was born in Hanau.

4/1/1785, Jacob Grimm,
older of the two German brothers famous for fairy
tales, was born in Hanau.

19/10/1784, Leigh Hunt,
British poet and essayist, was born.

10/6/1782, The
Grand Theatre, Lancaster, was founded.

17/8/1780, George Croly,
British author, was born in Dublin.

10/2/1775, Charles Lamb, English writer, was born in The Temple, London, son of
a clerk.

21/10/1772, The poetSamuel Taylor Coleridge, who wrote The Rime
of the Ancient Mariner, was born at Ottery St Mary in Devon.He was the son of a vicar.

15/8/1771, The novelistSir Walter Scott was born in Edinburgh.

30/5/1764, The
Theatre Royal, Bristol, was founded.

9/3/1763, William Cobbett,
English political journalist, was born in Farnham, Surrey, the son of a farmer.

10/11/1759, Friedrich
Schiller, German poet and dramatist,
was born.

25/1/1759, Robert Burns,
Scottish poet, was born at Alloway,
near Ayr, Ayrshire, son of a poor farmer.

28/11/1757, The poet, artist, and visionary William Blake
was born in London.

28/8/1749, Johann Goethe,
German poet and novelist, author of
Faust, was born in Frankfurt Am main, son of a lawyer.

25/4/1719. Daniel Defoe’snovel ‘Robinson Crusoe’ was published
in London.

26/12/1716. Thomas Gray,
the poet best known for his
Elegy written in a Country Churchyard, was born in London, the son of a money
broker.

18/9/1709. Samuel Johnson, poet
and lexicographer, was born in Lichfield, Staffordshire, son of a bookseller.

2/2/1709, The
Scottish sailor, Alexander Selkirk, inspiration for Daniel Defoe’sRobinson Crusoe, was rescued after being
marooned for four months on an island off Chile.

27/2/1706, John Evelyn,
whose diary covered the last 65 years of his life, died aged 86 at Wotton, near
Dorking, Surrey.

4/6/1703, Samuel Pepys
was buried at St Olaves church in Hart Street, London.

26/5/1703. Samuel Pepys
died at Clapham, London, aged 70. He became an MP in 1679. His diaries ran
from 1660 to 1669, when he stopped due to failing eyesight.

1/5/1700,John Dryden, Poet Laureate for over 20 years, died in
London.

31/8/1688. John Bunyan religious writer, author
of The Pilgrim’s Progress, died at the house of a friend in Holborn,
London. See 12/11/1660.

3/6/1683, Sadlers
Wells Theatre, London, was founded.

8/11/1674. The poetJohn
Milton died at the age of 65. His best known work was Paradise
Lost. He was born in Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire, and studied at
Christ College, Cambridge, from 1652-53, writing poetry in English, Latin, and
Italian. He served as secretary for Cromwell’s government and pamphleteered for
civil and religious liberty. After the monarchy was restored, Milton
was arrested as a supporter of the Commonwealth but soon released. Paradise
Lost and Paradise Regained were published in 1667 and 1671, after he
went blind in 1652.

1/5/1672, Birth
of Joseph
Addison, English writer
and Whig who co-founded The Spectator
in 1711

31/5/1669.Samuel Pepys, naval administrator and politician,
made the last entry in his diary
which began on 1/1/1660.

13/4/1668. John Dryden was appointed the first Poet Laureate. He kept this office until 1689.

6/8/1637. The
first poet laureate, Ben Johnson,
died in poverty.

9/8/1631,John Dryden,
poet, was born at Aldwinde in
Northampton.

6/8/1623. Anne Hathaway, wife of Shakespeare,
died. They married on 27/11/1582, when Shakespeare was aged 18.

31/10/1620, John Evelyn,
English diarist and author,
was born in Wotton, near Dorking, Surrey.

6/3/1619, Cyrano de
Bergerac, French novelist,
was born in Paris.

23/4/1616. The playwrightWilliam
Shakespeare, born on 23/4/1564, died.

20/5/1609, The sonnets of William Shakespeare were first
published.

9/12/1608, John Milton,
English poet, was born in Cheapside,
London, the son of a scrivener.

21/2/1595.Robert
Southwell, English poet
and Jesuit martyr, was hanged,
drawn, and quartered at Tyburn.

29/4/1594, Thomas Cooper,
English author, died in Winchester.

9/8/1593, The authorIzaak Walton was born at Stafford.

18/4/1593, Shakespeare’s first published work, the poem
Venus and Adonis, was entered into the Stationer’s Register.

18/4/1587, John Foxe, preacher and author,
died.

27/11/1582,William Shakespeare, playwright,
married Anne
Hathaway at the age of 18.

2/7/1566, Nostradamus
died – did he foresee this?

23/4/1564,William Shakespeare, playwright, was born in
Stratford on Avon. He was the third of eight children.His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove
maker and alderman, and his mother, Mary Arden, was a daughter of the gentry.

6/2/1564, Christopher
Marlowe, English poet,
was born in Canterbury, son of a shoe maker.

1/3/1555, Nostradamus
published his famous book of predictions.

14/12/1503. The French astrologer Nostradamus was born, as Michel de Nostradame.He wrote his book of prophecies in 1555.

5/11/1494, Hans Sachs,
poet and dramatist, was born.

8/9/1474, Ludovic Ariosto,
poet, was born.

25/10/1400.Geoffrey Chaucer, English poet and storyteller, who wrote the unfinished
Canterbury Tales, (born ca. 1340) died at his home in Westminister.

17/4/1397, Geoffrey Chaucer told The Canterbury Tales for the first time.

21/12/1375, Giovanni
Boccaccio, writer,
died.

14/9/1321. The poetDante Alighieri
died aged 56 at Ravenna, in the 20th year of exile from his native
Florence.

Appendix
6 – Newspapers, Comics and Journals

30/9/2005, A Danish newspaper, Jyllands-Posten,
published controversial cartoons of the prophet Mohammed.

8/4/1992, Punch magazine published its last issue.

25/3/1992, United
Newspapers announced the closure of Punch
magazine, after 150 years of publication.

1990, In Britain, the Independent
on Sunday and The European
newspapers were launched.

1/11/1988, Batman’s faithful sidekick, Robin, was killed off by The Joker after a reader’s poll of DC
Comics voted he should go.

6/10/1986, In Britain a new newspaper, The Independent, began
publication.

4/3/1986,The
first issue of the newspaper ‘Today’ appeared; it was published by Eddie Shah.

12/2/1981,Rupert Murdoch bought the Times.

1980, The London Evening
News closed. The Evening Standard
became the Standard.

13/11/1979,The Times reappeared after a
year’s absence.

30/11/1978,The Times stopped publication because of
an industrial dispute. Industrial relations problems continued at The Times until 13/11/1979.

1/11/1978, The
British newspaper The Daily Star went on sale in the north and
midlands.It was owned by Express
newspapers.

11/5/1971. The British newspaper, The Daily Sketch, appeared for the last
time. It was merged with the Daily Mail, which had changed from broadsheet to
tabloid format.

11/1/1968. A new magazine, Student, hit Britain’s newsstands. Its
publisher, Richard
Branson, hoped the new magazine would become the voice of Britain’s
youth.

2/5/1966, The Times carried news headlines
on its frontpage instead of advertising
for the first time.

15/9/1964, The
Sun was first published.

14/9/1964.The
British daily newspaper, The Herald, closed and was replaced by The
Sun.

9/6/1964.British newspaper tycoon Lord Beaverbrook died, aged 85.

8/7/1963, The Fred Bassett
cartoon first appeared in The Daily Mail.

4/2/1962. The Sunday Times became the first paper to issue a colour supplement.
The idea was expected to fail.

25/10/1961. The satirical magazine Private
Eye was published for the first time.

5/2/1961.The Sunday Telegraph began publishing.

17/10/1960, The
British daily newspaper News Chronicle
ceased publication and was incorporated into the Daily Mail.

5/8/1957, The Andy Capp
cartoon first appeared in The Mirror newspaper.

1951, Dennis the Menace first appearedin The Beano.

14/8/1951, Randolph Hearst, US newspaper magnate, died in
California.

1950, Peak daily newspaper sales in the UK of 17 million
copies, with total UK population of around 50 million.

16/3/1950, The Gambols cartoon
first appeared in The Daily Express.

29/7/1938. The
first edition of The Beano comic was published.

18/4/1938, The Superman hero first appeared in print
in the US.

4/12/1937, The Dandy was first published, featuring
Desperate Dan.

1937, Daily newspaper sales in the UK stood at 10 million (UK
population then around 48 million).

23/11/1936, The
first edition of Life magazine
appeared.

28/6/1935. The first Rupert Bear cartoon appeared in The
Daily Express. It was drawn by Albert Bestall, who had taken over from
Rupert’s creator Mary Tourtel.

10/3/1935, The
Bill Holman comic strip Smokey Stover ran for the first time in the Chicago
Tribune.

7/1/1934, The
comic book hero Flash Gordon made
his debut in the USA.

11/3/1931. Birth of
Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch.

21/2/1931 The New Statesman began
publishing.

1/2/1930. The
Times published its first crossword.

10/6/1923. Robert Maxwell,
newspaper owner, was born in Solotvino, eastern Czechoslovakia, as Ludvick Hoch.

14/8/1922, Lord Alfred Harmsworth, British
newspaper publisher who launched the London Evening News, Daily Mirror, and The
Times, died.

29/12/1918, In
Britain the Sunday Express newspaper was first published.

16/4/1912, The Daily Herald began publication in
London.

2/11/1904.The
British newspaper The Mirror was
founded by Alfred
Harmsworth. Originally sold as a woman’s paper for 1d, it was
subsequently relaunched as the Daily Illustrated Mirror and retailed at ½ d.

22/2/1903, The world’s first ships newspaper was
published, on the liner Etruria.

17/1/1902, The
first issue of The Times Literary
Supplement was published.

24/4/1900. 1st
edition of the Daily Express printed
in London. The newspaper was founded by C Arthur Pearson.

3/4/1898, Henry Luce,
US publisher who founded Time, Life, and Fortune magazines, was born.

4/5/1896.The Daily Mail was first published, founded by Lord Northcliffe. Priced at ½ d (21p in 2012 prices) it was

the first mass-circulation newspaper in Britain.

19/11/1893,The first newspaper colour supplement was produced; a 4-page section of
the New York World.

6/7/1886.Box
numbers were used in advertisements for the first time, by the Daily Telegraph.

1888, In London, the Financial
Times was founded; a rival to the Financial News.

22/2/1886,The Times became the first newspaper to
have a ‘personal’ column on its classified page.

1884, The first newspaper in London devoted entirely to
financial ands commercial affairs, the Financial and Mining News, appeared. It was later renamed
the Financial News.

16/10/1881,The
British newspaper, The People, began publication.

27/10/1879,The
Liverpool Echo printed its first copy.

25/5/1879, The
newspaper tycoon Lord Beaverbrook was born in Maple, Ontario, Canada as William Maxwell
Aitken.

18/1/1879.The first
issue of Boys Own was published by O S Beaton,
husband of the famous cook book writer. Published until 1967, the journal was backed by the Religious
Tract Society.

2/2/1870.The press
agencies Reuters, Havas, and Wolff signed an agreement whereby they could cover the world’s news
between them.

7/2/1865, The
first issue of the Pall Mall Gazette.

30/6/1855, In
Britain, the Newspaper Stamp Duty
was abolished.

29/6/1855,The Daily Telegraph was first
published, in London.The first editor
was Alfred
Bate Richards.

24/9/1853.Britain’s first provincial newspaper, the Northern Daily Times,
was founded in Liverpool.

4/8/1853, Newspaper advertisements duty was abolished in
Britain.

1851, Reuters News Agency was
founded.

10/4/1847, Joseph Pulitzer,
newspaper proprietor who founded the Pulitzer
Prize for achievements in journalism or literature, was born.

21/1/1846.The Daily News, the newspaper edited by
Charles
Dickens, was first published in London.

1/10/1843.The Sunday newspaper, News of the World, was first
published.

14/5/1842, The Illustrated London News
was first published.

17/7/1841.The first issue of the satirical
magazine Punch was published in
London.

1836, In Britain, Stamp
Duty on newspapers was reduced from 4d to 1d (from £1.30 to 32p in 2012 prices), making them more accessible to less well off
people.

1/9/1833. The New
York Sun newspaper was launched. It was cheaply priced at 1 cent, and was
full of human interest stories, aimed for a mass market. Editors of more
serious papers were sceptical about its survival. On 25/8/1835 this newspaper
claimed that vegetation grew on the moon, and had widespread sales.

8/11/1827. The first English language newspaper in the Far
East, the Canton Register began publication in Guangzhou.

20/10/1822. The Sunday Times was first published.

1821, The Manchester Guardian,
later The Guardian, was published.

17/12/1820. John Bull, the magazine ‘for God, The King, and
The People’ went on sale with 750 copies printed. After 6 weeks,
circulation rose to 10,000.

21/7/1816, Paul von Reuter,
German founder of Reuters News
Agency, was born in Kassel as Israel Beer Josaphat.

4/12/1791. The
Observer, the oldest Sunday
newspaper in the UK, was first published.

3/5/1788.The first evening newspaper, the Star and Evening Advertiser, was
published in London.

1/1/1785. The Daily Universal Register was first
published by John Walter. It was renamed The Times on 1/1/ 1788.

21/9/1784.The first successful daily American
newspaper, the PennsylvaniaPacket and Daily Advertiser,
appeared.

26/3/1780. The first Sunday newspaper
in Britain was published; the British
Gazette and Sunday Monitor.

1778, The German newspaper, Allgemeine Zeiting began publishing.

23/3/1752, Canada’s first newspaper, the Halifax Gazette, went on sale.

17/6/1719, Joseph Addison
died. A Whig essayist and poet, he had been co-founder of The Spectator.

1712, In Britain, Stamp
Duty was imposed on newspapers, increasing their price.

1/3/1711.The Spectator was first published.

24/4/1704, The first regular newspaper in British
North America, the Boston News Letter, was published.

11/3/1702, E Mallet published The Daily Courant,
the first successful daily newspaper in
Britain. It was printed as a single sheet.

29/11/1641, The first English newspaper was published.

2/12/1620, The first English-language newspaper was
printed. Produced in Amsterdam, it consisted of a single sheet, 6 by 12
inches, printed both sides, reporting on foreign news only. When imported into
Britain it was condemnedby King James
I.