Other Information:Paul Minkler sensei began training in martial arts in 1980 at the Oberlin College Aikido club. He spent the next seven years training in Aikido at the Cleveland Aikikai under John Sener sensei and the Oberlin College Aikido Club under Frank Hreha sensei. He was awarded a black belt in Aikido in 1987. In 1985, he began a 7 year apprenticeship under Tetsuya Higuchi sensei, (retired head martial arts instructor for the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department) and was awarded black belt ranks in Kendo, Iaido, Ninjutsu and Taihojutsu (Japanese Police Self-Defense). Since 1992, Minkler sensei has taught martial arts classes in the Cleveland area, including his current position as the Aikido, Kendo and Iaido instructor at Pittak's Isshinryu Karate.