The current paper addresses the problem of the throughput-delay performance of a contemporary WPAN MAC standard. A brief overview of the standard functionality is first presented that allows a system model derivation. Two different acknowledgement policies are described under which the channel operation is considered. Two possible input traffic models are also considered one of them being saturation conditions under which the performance analysis is done that is further verified by means of the simulation. The obtained results show the system behavior as the number of channel users increase and allow the tuning of the protocol parameters to improve the performance.

3.

Andreev, Sergey D.

et al.

Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

Vinel, Alexey

Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

This paper addresses the performance evaluation of the contemporary UWB WPAN standard. The basic standard functionality is described for which a system model is derived that accounts for the possible errors due to the background noise. Two realistic scenarios of the saturation conditions and the Bernoulli packet arrivals are considered to calculate the system throughput and the mean initial packet delay. The redundancy-based error detection mechanism that is implemented in the standard is discussed that allows the enhancement of the system performance. The obtained results are compared against the simulation which shows a good accordance with the analytical results and a distinct superiority of the introduced enhancement.

4.

Andreev, Sergey

et al.

Department of Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.

Galinina, Olga

Speech Technology Center, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Vinel, Alexey

Saint-Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.

In this paper, the authors examine a client relay system comprising three wireless nodes. Closed-form expressions for mean packet delay, as well as for throughput, energy expenditure, and energy efficiency of the source nodes are also obtained. The precision of the established parameters is verified by means of simulation.

This paper addresses the performance of the contention-based polling techniques at the bandwidth reservation stage of IEEE 802.16 standard. A general proposition is proved, which establishes that the grouping of users in the random multiple access system does not change its capacity. Broadcast and multicast polling mechanisms are then considered, for which the throughput and the rate of the truncated binary exponential backoff algorithm are calculated for the lossy and the lossless system types, respectively. It is shown, that subject to proper optimization the performance of the aforementioned algorithm is the same for both system types. The efficiency of the symmetric user grouping is finally studied, which demonstrates that a negligible performance gain may be achieved for the cost of the increased IEEE 802.16 overhead.

In this paper we address the bandwidth reservation in IEEE 802.16 standard via multicast and broadcast polling mechanisms. It is shown that symmetric user grouping with the same QoS requirements does not change the capacity of the random multiple access system. Binary exponential backoff protocol is then investigated as it is standardized for both multicast and broadcast polling. We establish that symmetric user grouping does not essentially increase the performance of this protocol.

10.

Andreev, Sergey

et al.

Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

Vinel, Alexey

Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

The proceedings contain 18 papers. The topics discussed include: network coding as a WiMAX link reliability mechanism; initialization procedure of wireless network coding with hierarchical decode and forward strategy in random connectivity networks; a coded DHA FH OFDMA system with a noncoherent ML detector under multitone jamming; analysis of inter-RSU beaconing interference in VANETs; survey of energy efficient tracking and localization techniques in buildings using optical and wireless communication media; network coding as a WiMAX link reliability mechanism: an experimental demonstration; spectrum sensing with USRP-E110; power control for wireless networks with a limited number of channels; a measurement study for predicting throughput from LQI and RSSI; reality considerations when designing a TDMA-FDMA based link-layer for real-time WSN; and wireless groupcast routing with palette of transmission methods.

This book chapter introduces the use of Continuous Time Markov Networks (CTMN) to analytically capture the operation of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) networks. It is of tutorial nature, and it aims to be an introduction on this topic, providing a clear and easy-to-follow description. To illustrate how CTMN can be used, we introduce a set of representative and cutting-edge scenarios, such as Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), Power Line Communication networks and multiple overlapping Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). For each scenario, we describe the specific CTMN, obtain its stationary distribution and compute the throughput achieved by each node in the network. Taking the per-node throughput as reference, we discuss how the complex interactions between nodes using CSMA/CA have an impact on system performance.

Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.

Molchanov, Pavlo

Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.

Vinel, Alexey

Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES). Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.

Koucheryavy, Yevgeni

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.

Overtaking on rural roads may cause severe accidents when oncoming traffic is detected by a driver too late, or its speed is underestimated. Recently proposed cooperative overtaking assistance systems are based on real-time video transmission, where a video stream captured with a camera installed at the windshield of a vehicle is compressed, broadcast through the wireless channel, and displayed to the drivers of vehicles driving behind. In such a system, it is of ultimate importance to deliver video information about the opposite lane with low end-to-end latency and good visual quality. In this paper, we propose reallocating the wireless channel resources in favor of the part of the captured video frame containing the image of the oncoming vehicle. To achieve this goal, we apply automotive radar for oncoming vehicle detection, and we use the image of this vehicle as a region-of-interest (ROI) for the video rate control. We present the theoretical framework, which describes the basics of such an approach and can serve as a useful guideline for the future practical implementation of the overtaking assistance systems. The benefits of our proposal are demonstrated in relation to the practical scenario of H.264/Advance Video Coding (AVC), IEEE 802.11p/Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments (WAVE) intervehicle communication standards, and currently used automotive radars.

This work is dedicated to a live video streaming in vehicular networks where the application-based inter-packet forward error correction is used for the packet loss protection. A practical way to apply such a protection at the video encoder side for the unknown channel loss rate is proposed. Experimental results which demonstrate the performance for the proposed approach for a scalable extension of the H.264/AVC standard (H.264/SVC) and for the non-standardized video codec based on three-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (3-D DWT) are provided.

Halmstad University, School of Information Technology, Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES). Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland.

Prospective IEEE 802.11p-enabled automotive video applications are identified. Preliminary experimental results of inter-vehicular live video streaming for surveillance applications are presented. A test-bed for the demonstration of the achievable visual quality under different channel conditions is described.

This paper studies the impact of vulnerabilities associated with the Sybil attack (through falsification of multiple identities) and message falsification in vehicular platooning. Platooning employs Inter-Vehicular Communication (IVC) to control a group of vehicles. It uses broadcast information such as acceleration, position, and velocity to operate a longitudinal control law. Cooperation among vehicles allows platoons to reduce fuel consumption and risks associated with driver mistakes. In spite of these benefits, the use of network communication to control vehicles exposes a relevant attack surface that can be exploited by malicious actors. To carry out this study, we evaluate five scenarios to quantify the potential impact of such attacks, identifying how platoons behave under varying Sybil attack conditions and what are the associated safety risks. This research also presents the use of location hijacking attack. In this attack, innocent vehicles that are not part of a platoon are used as a way to create trust bond between the false identities and the physical vehicles. We demonstrate that the ability to create false identities increases the effectiveness of message falsification attacks by making them easier to deploy and harder to detect in time.

Recent significant advances in self-interference cancellation techniques pave the way for the deployment of full-duplex wireless transceivers capable of concurrent transmission and reception on the same channel. Despite the promise to theoretically double the spectrum efficiency, full-duplex prototyping in off-the-shelf chips of mobile devices is still in its infancy, mainly because of the challenges in mitigating self-interference to a tolerable level and the strict hardware constraints. In this article, we argue in favor of embedding full-duplex radios in onboard units of future vehicles. Unlike the majority of mobile devices, vehicular onboard units are good candidates to host complex FD transceivers because of their virtually unlimited power supply and processing capacity. Taking into account the effect of imperfect SI cancellation, we investigate the design implications of full-duplex devices at the higher-layer protocols of next-generation vehicular networks and highlight the benefits they could bring with respect to half-duplex devices in some representative use cases. Early results are also provided that give insight into the impact of self-interference cancellation on vehicle-to-roadside communications, and showcase the benefits of FD-enhanced medium access control protocols for vehicle-to-vehicle communications supporting crucial road safety applications.

A wide portfolio of safety and non-safety services will be provided to drivers and passengers on top of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs).

Non-safety services are announced by providers, e.g., road-side units (RSUs), on a channel that is different from the one where the services are delivered. The dependable and timely delivery of the advertisement messages is crucial for vehicles to promptly discover and access the announced services in challenging vehicle-to-roadside scenarios, characterized by intermittent and short lived connectivity.

In this paper, we present an analytical framework that models the service advertisement and access mechanisms in multichannel vehicular networks.

A dedicated spectrum portion at 5 GHz is available to provide services in vehicular environments (e.g., road safety, traffic efficiency, comfort and infotainment services). The multitude of non-safety critical services offered by roadside and mobile providers can be accessed by vehicles under radio coverage if they listen to the advertisement messages announcing the service configuration parameters and tune to the announced frequency to access the service. Due to intermittent and short connectivity periods, timely and successful advertisements reception is crucial to enable a vehicle accessing available services while it is still connected to the provider.

Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), Halmstad Embedded and Intelligent Systems Research (EIS), Centre for Research on Embedded Systems (CERES).

Vehicular Communication Networks (VCNs) is a technology aim for improving traffic safety and efficiency in different road systems and networks. VCNs offer an efficient communication platform for intelligent transportation systems and related services, as well as multimedia and date services.

Roadside Networks for Vehicular Communications: Architectures, Applications, and Test Fields attempts to close the gap between science and technology in the field of roadside backbones for VCNs. This collection will be useful not only for researchers and engineers at universities, but for students in the fields of wireless communication networks, especially vehicular communication networks, and backbone networks as well.