Introduction

Adolescents can have mental, emotional and behavioral problems, that are real painful, and costly. Mental disorders are sources of stress for adolescents and their families, schools and communities. Studies show that 9 of every 100 adolescents may have major depression. It can cause by biology environment or combination of two. For example, biological factors generics, chemical imbalances in body, environmental factors including exposure to violence, extreme stress and loss of an important person. So, it seems necessary to investigate in this area subjects.

Method & Materials

This descriptive study was concerned to examine depression in adolescent students and effects of related factors in schools of Tabriz, Iran. Data was gathered by the center of epidemiological studies depression scale for children from 903 adolescent students, including 455 boys and 448 girls who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed by spss/pc.

Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC)

DURING THE PAST WEEK Not At All A Little Some A Lot

1. I was bothered by things that usually don’t bother me. _____ _____ _____ _____

2. I did not feel like eating, I wasn’t very hungry. _____ _____ _____ _____

3. I wasn’t able to feel happy, even when my family or _____ _____ _____ _____
friends tried to help me feel better.

4. I felt like I was just as good as other kids. _____ _____ _____ _____

5. I felt like I couldn’t pay attention to what I was doing. _____ _____ _____ _____

DURING THE PAST WEEK Not At All A Little Some A Lot

6. I felt down and unhappy. _____ _____ _____ _____

7. I felt like I was too tired to do things. _____ _____ _____ _____

8. I felt like something good was going to happen. _____ _____ _____ _____

9. I felt like things I did before didn’t work out right. _____ _____ _____ _____

10. I felt scared. _____ _____ _____ _____

DURING THE PAST WEEK Not At All A Little Some A Lot

11. I didn’t sleep as well as I usually sleep. _____ _____ _____ _____

12. I was happy. _____ _____ _____ _____

13. I was more quiet than usual. _____ _____ _____ _____

14. I felt lonely, like I didn’t have any friends. _____ _____ _____ _____

15. I felt like kids I know were not friendly or that they didn’t want to be with me. _____ _____ _____ _____

Results

The results showed that depression is a common event among adolescents. It was more in girls. There was correlation between depression and some factors such as: increased age, school and family problems, life events and self- concept of adolescents (p<0.001) (Figure1-4) (Table 1-3)

Figure 1: Sex frequency.

Figure 2: level of depression.

Figure 3: level of depression & sex.

Figure 4: level of depression & age.

Table1:depression & school problems.

n.

%

Min.

SD.

Sta.ests

Willing to go to school

No

220

24/4

27/8

10/9

f.13/8, p<0.001

YES

683

75/6

23/4

10/9

Doing home work

NO

387

42/9

28/4

10/6

f.48/3, p<0.001

Yes

516

57/1

21/4

10/4

School failure

No

673

74/5

24/1

10/4

f.1/96, p=0.158

Yes

230

25/5

25/3

11/2

Reexamination

No

419

46/4

22/7

11/1

f.9/9, p<0.001

Yes

484

53/6

25/9

10/6

Absent or Discontinue

A

375

41/5

25/5

11/4

f.2/2, p=0.058

D

24

2/7

25/4

7/9

No A&D

504

55/8

23/6

10/7

Table 2: Demographic characteristics.

Category

Options

Frequency

Depression

Sta.test

N

%

min

SD

Satisfaction of self

At all

82

9.1

33.1707

11.8393

F=49.459
P < 0.001

Little

141

15.6

30.8936

10.8382

Moderate

428

47.4

23.7173

9.4131

Much

228

24.8

18.6339

9.5481

Events in pass 6 months

Pleasure

276

30.6

20.2101

9.9668

F=24.776
P < 0.001

Sad

229

25.4

29.502

11.0579

Both or ?

25

2.7

28.1667

11.5658

Not

373

14.3

24.3941

10.5381

Relaxation methods

Exercise

76

8.4

21.3289

9.7630

F=2.035
P < 0.059

Walking

128

14.2

24.5313

11.1263

Study

44

4.9

24.1364

11.4152

Pray

353

39.1

24.2805

11.4166

Friends

161

17.8

26.3789

10.5983

Extra

141

15.6

24.9312

10.8732

Table 3:Family problems.

Category

Options

Frequency

Depression

Sta.test

Economic status

N

%

min

SD

F=2.011
P < 0.113

Low

90

10

25.9333

11.7844

Moderate

732

81

24.5369

10.9533

High

63

7

21.5714

10.9878

?

18

2

24.9444

10.8328

Parents

Both

833

92.2

24.0014

11.3576

F=16.637
P < 0.001

One

70

8.8

30.1061

10.5613

Family problems

Yes

182

20.2

30.8242

10.5951

F=24.214
P < 0.001

No

721

79.8

22.8947

10.6035

Good

589

65.2

22.5173

10.4695

Family relationship

Moderate

259

28.7

27.1660

10.8677

F=24.214
P < 0.001

Bad

26

2.9

35.2692

10.7613

?

29

3.2

30.5862

12.2606

Satisfaction of parents

Father

49

5.4

30.2245

10.4488

F=18.486
P < 0.001

Mother

141

15.6

26.8865

11.3598

Both

631

70

22.6149

10.2923

No

59

6.5

31.5593

12.1375

?

23

2.5

30.3913

12.2353

Chronic disease in family

Yes

161

17.8

29.0186

11.0224

F=17.829
P < 0.001

NO

724

82.2

23.4272

10.7504

Depression H.in family

Yes

126

14

31.0317

11.8341

F=32.492
P < 0.001

No

761

84.2

23.2392

10.4793

?

16

1.8

31.7500

11.1923

Discussion & Conclusion

Depression is the most common mental disorders and a serious health problem in the world. It causes social, educational and biological problems in adolescents. Physiological changes during adolescence cause mental distress and make them more prone to depression. So, early diagnosis and treatment is very important.

It is important to pay attention: Caring for every adolescent mental health; Increase public awareness about the importance of protecting and nurturing the mental health of adolescent; Foster recognition that many adolescent have mental health problems that are real, painful and sometimes severs; Make time to listen, make time to talk.