Case #1

Carol is a 35 year-old flight attendant. She is a healthy woman with no significant past medical or surgical history. She has two healthy girls. She does not take any medication.

During the course of a long, intercontinental flight, she started to have dysuria (difficult urination), frequently painful. She also felt urinary urgency (immediate unstoppable urge to urinate) and urinary frequency. She also perceived that the urine had a strong odour. However, she did not have a fever or chills nor lumbar or flank pain.

With the information already given about Gram negative and positive bacteria, consider the following questions: