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The Ratzer Map of the City of New York in North America with a South West view of the city

This beautiful plan drawn by Bernard Ratzer of His Majesty's Royal American Regiment and engraved by Thomas Kitchin is one of the better-known images of New York from this period, showing extensive detail of the colonial city as then was.

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Read the full Chart History here:

The original survey for the portion of the chart depicting lower
Manhattan was completed as early as 1767 and was published in 1769 on a single sheet. This earlier publication has Ratzer's name inscribed as 'Ratzen' - a mistake on the part of Kitchin, the engraver, and it has ever since been known as the 'Ratzen Plan'. The plan presented here is generally referred to as the 'Ratzer Map'.

Bernard Ratzer's work in New York was a continuation of that started by John Montresor around 1765, and this plan shares a good deal with Montresor's 1768 plan of the city published at the time by Sayer and Jefferys.

The plan offers a superb amount of detail and lists principle buildings such as forts, churches, meeting houses, markets, colleges, barracks, powder stores etc. It also includes several interesting and revealing features of
New York at that time. The decorated title cartouche references the importance of
New York as a trade centre within the colony, showing a colonist and a Native American surrounded by the accoutrements of the fur trade. A hint as to the standpoint of those who commissioned the map is the exclusion of the name of the African American burial ground which was located just north of City Hall, which is named on other maps of the period.

Other interesting features include the fresh water pond, which was near present-day
Foley Square and was then a source of drinking water; '
Bowry Lane', identified as the "Road to
Boston," because it was part of the
Boston post road running north to the top of the map. Toward the east can be seen the farm belonging to "
Rutgers" or Henry Rutgers, a local philanthropist who later made a large donation to Queen's College in
New Jersey, which was subsequently named after him. In addition a number of individual landowners are named in their lands, among them is the Stuyvesant estate facing the
East River. The Statue of
Liberty now stands on 'Bedloes or
KennedyIsland' and '
BuckingIsland' is now
Ellis Island.

Before1776, the civilian population of
New York city was about 20,000 in an area less than a square mile and it was the second largest city in
Northern America. The American Commander-in-Chief, George Washington, made his headquarters in No.1 Broadway, a magnificent town house just behind the
Battery on the southern tip of the island, prior to the British landing. By the time this map was engraved, fighting had broken out between patriot groups and the British. On the 21st of September, one week after the British troops first landed on
Manhattan, a fire broke-out destroying about one quarter of the city. Arsonists were blamed but few were held responsible. A decade after the historic conflict,
New York emerged as the first capital of
America, and was the scene of the George Washington’s inauguration as the first President. By this time the population had risen to 60,000.

The accompanying view is by Thomas Davies, who was an instructor in topographical drawing at the
RoyalMilitaryAcademy at Woolwich in
England. The view is drawn from the vantage point of Governor's Island and extends from the Jerseys on the left, to
Manhattan from the Battery to Corlear's Hook at the centre, with the
Long Island shoreline at the right. It offers an intriguing view of what the southern most tip of the city looked like on 12th July 1776. It was a brilliant summer’s day when, much to the consternation of George Washington, two of His Majesty's ships, The Rose and The Phoenix, sailed into the harbour followed later in the afternoon by The Eagle, a 64 gun Flag ship of the British navy carrying Admiral Lord Howe.