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ERG2012

The Emergency Response Guidebook 2012 (ERG2012) is primarily a guide to aid first responders in quickly identifying the specific or generic hazards of the material(s) involved in the incident, and protecting themselves and the general public during the initial response phase of the incident.

Isolation Distances / Evacuation

In the YELLOWand BLUEsections, if the substance is highlighted in GREEN:

IF THERE IS NO FIRE:

Go directly to Table 1 (GREEN-bordered pages)

Look up the ID number and name of material

Identify initial isolation and protective action distances

IF THERE IS A FIRE or A FIRE IS INVOLVED:

Also consult the assigned ORANGE guide

If applicable, apply the evacuation information shown under the Public Safety section

GREEN Section

This section contains the following tables:

TABLE 1 – Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances

TABLE 2– Water-Reactive Materials which Produce Toxic Gases

TABLE 3 – Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances for Different Quantities of Six Common TIH Gases

Table 1

TABLE 1- Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances suggests distances useful to protect people from vapours resulting from spills involving dangerous goods that are considered :

toxic by inhalation (TIH),

chemical warfare agents and

materials that produce toxic gases upon contact with water.

In this table, the substances are presented in numerical order of their ID numbers. An asterisk (*) next to the ID number indicates to consult Table 3 for more information.

Table 1

This table provides, for small and large spills, the distances for:

The Initial Isolation Zone and,

The suggested Protective Action Zone, downwind, for day and night.

The distances show the areas likely to be affected during the first 30 minutes after the materials are spilled, and this distance could increase with time.

The responders must choose a protective actions: evacuation, shelter in place or a combination of both (see page 288 of the ERG2012).

Small and large spills

The definitions are as follow:

Small Spill: A spill that involves quantities that are less than 208 litres (55 U.S. Gallons) for liquids and less than 300 kilograms (660 pounds) for solids. Generally involves a single small package, a small cylinder, or a small leak from a large package.

Large Spill: A spill that involves quantities that are greater than 208 litres (55 U.S. Gallons) for liquids and greater than 300 kilograms (660 pounds) for solids. Generally involves a spill from a large package, or multiple spills from many small packages.

For any intermediate quantity, the distances would need to be estimated between the distances provided for small and large spills.

Initial Isolation Zone

Defines an area SURROUNDING the incident in which persons may be exposed to dangerous (upwind) and life threatening (downwind) concentrations of material.

Protective Action Zone

Defines an area DOWNWIND from the incident in which persons may become incapacitated and unable to take protective action and/or incur serious or irreversible health effects;

For practical purposes, the Protective Action Zone is a square, whose length and width are the same as the downwind distance shown in Table 1 (see diagram in the following page);

Protective Action Zone

The shape of the area in which protective should be taken actions (the Protective Action Zone) is shown in the figure below.

Protective Action Zone

It is important to note that Protective Action Zones do not only depend on the mere presence of gases/vapours but mainly on its concentration in the air :

During the day, there is an increase of the atmospheric disturbances creating a greater dispersion (dilution) of the gases/vapours, which results in a weaker toxic concentration in the air and thus requires a smaller Protective Action Zone than at night.

During the night, the gases/vapours will calmly dissipate. This will result in a higher toxic concentration in the air and consequently, necessitate a greater Protective Action Zone.

Table 3

Important:

The materials are presented in alphabetical order and provide initial isolation and protective action distances for large spills (more than 208 litres or 55 US gallons) involving different container types (therefore different volume capacities) for day time and night time situations and different wind speeds.

BLEVE

Définition : Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion

A BLEVE happens if a container holding a pressurized liquefied gas fails catastrophically. Catastrophic failure of the vessel is followed by the explosive release of boiling liquid and expanding vapour.

NOTE: A BLEVE can occur even if the material is non-flammable.

BLEVE

When confronted with a possible BLEVE involving liquefied petroleum gases (LPG), important safety-related information can be found on page 367 of the ERG2012:

LPGs (UN1075) include the following flammable gases:

The main hazards from a LPG BLEVE are:

fire;

thermal radiation from the fire;

blast;

projectiles.

BLEVE

The following table gives a summary of tank properties, critical times, critical distances and cooling water flow rates for various tank sizes that may be involved in a BLEVE.

Improvised Explosive Device (IED)

An improvised explosive device is a bomb that is manufactured from commercial, military or homemade explosives.

A Safe Standoff Distance Chart for various threats when improvised explosive device are involved is found on page 372 of the ERG2012.

Who to call during an incident?

To obtain more detailed information on the substance involved, the safety precautions and risk mitigation procedures:

Dial the emergency telephone number listed on the shipping document* OR

Contact the appropriate emergency response agency as soon as possible (numbers are listed on the inside back cover of the ERG2012)

* In Canada, this number could be CANUTEC’s telephone number

Who to call during an incident?

Page 386 of the ERG2012 provides the telephone numbers of the provincial agencies that must1 be contacted for any incident involving dangerous goods.

1 Canadian Federal and Provincial Regulations requirements

Additionally, CANUTEC may2 be contacted in order to get more detailed technical information on the dangerous goods involved.

2 Even if CANUTEC’s telephone number is not shown on the shipping document

CANUTEC

CANUTEC is the Canadian Transport Emergency Centre and is operated by the Transport Dangerous Goods Directorate of Transport Canada.

CANUTEC provides a national bilingual advisory service. It is staffed by professional scientists experienced and trained in interpreting technical information and providing emergency response advice.

CANUTEC

In case of emergency, dial, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week:

(613) 996-6666, or

*666on a cellular phone (Canada only).

In non-emergency situation, please call the information line available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at (613) 992-4624,

In Guide 124, under Potential Hazards, the Health hazards precede the Fire or Explosion hazards;

The Guide 124 indicates that this product is toxic and may be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through the skin.

KTVI-TV St.Louis, Missouri, USA

Solution for Example 5

The substance is highlighted in GREEN:

Since there is a spill, the initial isolation and protective action distances must be taken from Table 1;

For this substance (ID No. 1017), Table 1 suggest:

An initial isolation distance of 500 metres for a large spill and,

A protective action distance of 3 km for a large spill during the day.

In Table 1, the asterisk (*) to right of the ID No. 1017 indicates that Table 3 should also be consulted.

KTVI-TV St.Louis, Missouri, USA

Solution for Example 5

Table 3 provides initial isolation and protective action distances for large spills (more than 208 litres or 55 US gallons) involving different container types (therefore different volume capacities) for day time and night time situations and different wind speeds.

In this case, for a rail car, the initial isolation distance suggested in Table 3 is 1000 metres. The protective action distances must be taken during the day, depending on the wind speed (11+ km, 9 km or 5.5 km).

1689

Example 6

A drum is leaking in a puddle of water.

1689

Solution for Example 6

The ID Number is 1689;

The YELLOW-bordered pages indicate that this substance is sodium cyanide and refers to Guide 157;

The Guide 157 indicates that this type of substance is toxic and non-combustible, but fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases;

1689

Solution for Example 6

The substance is highlighted in GREEN:

Since there is a spill, the initial isolation and protective action distances must be taken from Table 1.

For this substance (ID No.1689), Table 1 suggests distances specifically when the product is spilled in water. If this is not the case, the initial isolation and evacuation distances must be taken from Guide 157, under Public Safety;

1689

Solution for Example 6

Since the product is leaking in water, Table 1 suggests an initial isolation distance of 30 metres in all directions for a small spill and 100 metres in all directions for a large spill;

Additionally, the protective action distances for day and night will have to be taken from the Table 1;

In Table 1, the description “when spilled in water” indicates a substance is water-reactive.

1689

Solution for Example 6

In this case, Table 2 must also be consulted where the TIH gases produced are listed, for each water-reactive substance.

For the ID No. 1689, the gas produced is HCN or hydrogen cyanide.

When searching for hydrogen cyanide in the BLUE section, there is a reference to Guide 117, which correspond to Gases – Toxic – Flammable (Extreme Hazard).

1689

Solution for Example 6

NOTE: For a water-reactive material, it is important that the initial isolation and protective action distances be taken for the material itself when spilled in water in Table 1 (in this case ID No. 1689 – sodium cyanide) and not for the generated TIH gas (hydrogen cyanide) indicated in Table 2.

2692

Example 7

A drum containing this substance is punctured and is leaking on the ground.

2692

Solution for Example 7

The ID No. is 2692;

The YELLOW-bordered pages indicate that this substance is called boron tribromideand refers to Guide 157;

Since this is a spill (type of dispersion is unknown), the initial isolation and protective action distances must be taken from Table 1;

In Table 1, there are multiple entries for ID No. 2810. Select Sarin (when used as a weapon);.

Solution for Example 8

Table 1 suggests an initial isolation distance of 60 metres in all directions for a small spill and 400 metres in all directions for a large spill; these distances will have to be adapted if the incident takes place inside a building;

Additionally, the protective action distances for day and night will have to be taken from the Table 1and adapted.

Solution for Example 8

The Guide 153 indicates that this type of substance is toxic and the effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed;

The Guide 153 also indicates that the substance is combustible, may burn, but does not ignite readily; a fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.

ERG2012

This presentation was produced by CANUTEC personnel and is made available to any user / trainer of the Emergency Response Guidebook.

Permission is given to use and modify the presentation if needed. Any comments should be directed to CANUTEC through the information line (613-992-4624) or by email at [email protected]