Next, Galen (131-200) developed the first typology of temperament in his dissertation Die Temperamentis, and searched for physiological reasons for different behaviors in humans. He reinterpreted Hippocrates' theory, and emphasized that differences in personality were a direct reflection of constitutional differences in the body.

Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654), the English herbalist, was the first to disregard the idea of fluids as defining human behavior,

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), was influenced by his reading of Galen and the
ancient Greeks and published his 'Anthropology From the Pragmatic Viewpoint', repeating the classification of the four types of personality as a fundamental description of individuality.