Imaging features:

The cerebral angiogram in Divry van Bogaert Syndrome shows extensive, multifocal occlusions of the peripheral, small and medium sized cerebral arteries. There is extensive neovascularization seen as a network of thin and irregular, corkscrew-like collateral vessels described in the literature as 'angiomatous appearance'. There are leptomeningeal and transdural anastomoses. Unlike in Moyamoya-like angiopathies or acquired stenoocclusive disease, there typically is no occlusion of the proximal arteries like the terminal ICA or MCA.

The cerebral MRI shows leukoaraiosis or ischemic lesions.

Differential diagnoses:

Sneddon Syndrome: Less severe cerebrovascular involvement. Cerebral angiomatosis is rarely seen. Juvenile cognitive impairment is rare, epilepsy is rare. There usually is no positive familiar history for the disease (i.e. for juvenile stroke or juvenile dementia, livedo racemosa). Half of the Sneddon-Syndrome patients also have antiphospholipid syndrome. Skin biopsy can be diagnostic.

Moyamoya-Angiopathy: Cerebral angiogram typically shows occlusion of proximal, large-sized arteries like distal ICA or MCA / ACA occlusions, often bilaterally. There are multiple very small perforator colaterals proximally (around the occlusions at the circle of willis level) giving a 'cloudy', 'puff of smoke' appearance.

Treatment:

There is no effective treatment yet, but antiplatelet therapy is usually advised like in many other cerebral arteriopathies.