Two main parts are included in present thesis: The former is a part of reviews. A general situation of resources of Acipenseriformes as well as their somatic cells nd molecular genetic research is given. A review of the research progress and application of several sorts of technology in the fields of somatic genetics is also accomplished. The latter is the one about my experiments. The Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis was used as material for tissue culture. Biological characteristics of established Chinese sturgeon cell lines were partly examined. RAPD were studied to detect the heredity similarity and variety of cultured cells at different passage, as well as in compare with the original individual. In the experiments, eight tissues including tail fin, snout, skin, muscle, liver, Intestine, gonad and kidney were aseptically removed from a yearling Chinese sturgeon, and minced in separate dishes containing TC199 medium and 20% fetal calf serum buffered with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethane-sulfonicacid (HEPES), and incubated at 27℃ for in vitro primary culture. The concentration of serum was gradually reduced to 10% during the subculture. Two cell lines were established from snout and gonad tissues, and designated as CSSn and CSG, respectively. Both CSSn and CSG appeared fibroblastic. Cultured cells grew very slowly. After seeding for 9 and 14 days, respectively, CGS and CSSn got the highest number, as well as the growth quantity was only about double of seeding amount. After infected by Grass Carp Hemorrhage Virus GCHV and Soft-shelled turtle iridovirus STIV, cells divorced from dishes to death. The effect of temperature and pH on growth were examined for CSG, which remained a normal state at 16～30℃. Optimum temperature was 27℃ or so, while a proper pH condition is 7.2. The chromosomes of CSG at passage 9 and CSSn at passage 31 were analyzed. Both cell lines possessed microchromosome, which was an important character of Acipenseriformes chromosomes. These two lines had large quantity of chromosomes, away from normal 2n number in distribution, which exhibited a same feature described as "two wave crests distinguished and a great variety of distribution": two mass districts and a large scale distribution. The central trend of CSG at passage 9 was in scale of 222～234 and 248～260, which occupied 20.2% of the total, respectively. CSSn at passage 31 had the highest appearance, 23.5% in scale of 196～208, and the secondarily highest, 15.3% in 170～182. The investigation demonstrated that the two lines became aneuploidy. Different from general fish cells lines, sturgeon cells lost their chromosomes in large quantities, thus quantity of chromosomes in the majority were lower than 264, the normal 2n number. DNA of CSG at passage 13、25、28、34 and muscle of original individual were drawed for similarity analysis with RAPD technology. Through static analysis, its found that as the time of in vitro culture went by, the variety of DNA was enlarged and the heredity similarity compared with the original individual was reduced, which suggested outer circumstance kept certain selection pressure. Combined with chromosomes analysis, the loss of chromosome and the variety of DNA level suggested the aneuploidy course, which would lead cells to adaptability to in vitro circumstances.