The IRT portion of the station is very deep and requires the use of elevators to reach the platform after fare control, which is on a full length mezzanine above the higher IND portion. Another set of elevators connecting the IND platforms and tracks to the mezzanine, and an elevator between the mezzanine to the street, make that portion handicapped-accessible, the IRT section is not ADA accessible since the platforms have no elevators (reaching the elevators to fare control requires climbing short staircases).

The full-time fare control area is at the center of the mezzanine, and has a turnstile bank, token booth, and one staircase and one elevator going up to the southeast corner of West 168th Street and Saint Nicholas Avenue, the part-time side at the north end of the mezzanine has HEET turnstiles and three staircases, two to the southwest corner of Broadway and 169th Street and one to the northwest corner. An exit-only turnstile in the middle of the mezzanine, near the corridor leading to the IRT platforms, leads to a staircase going up to north end of Mitchell Square Park on the south side of West 168th Street between Broadway and Saint Nicholas Avenue.[8]

The passageway leading to the IRT elevators is just beyond the full-time fare control area. There are two exit stairs past this part-time fare control area, both of which diverge in opposite directions near the southwest corner of Broadway and 168th Street.[8]

There is evidence that there was another passageway outside fare control near the south end of the IND platforms, including two closed off staircases from each platform and street exits to 167th Street,[9] this passageway was closed in the 1980s for safety reasons.[9] This area is now used for New York City Transit employees only.

The West Side Branch of the first subway was extended northward to a temporary terminus of 221st Street and Broadway on March 12, 1906 with the station at 168th Street not yet open,[11] this extension was served by shuttle trains operating between 157th Street and 221st Street until May 30, 1906 when express trains began running through to 221st Street.[12][13] The 168th Street station opened for service on April 14, 1906.[14]

In 1948, platforms on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line from 103rd Street to 238th Street were lengthened to 514 feet to allow full ten-car express trains to platform. Previously the stations could only platform six car local trains, the platform extensions were opened in stages. On April 6, 1948, the stations from 103rd Street to Dyckman Street had their platform extensions opened, with the exception of 125th Street, which had its extension opened on June 11, 1948.[15][16]

On December 28, 1950, the New York City Board of Transportation issued a report concerning the construction of bomb shelters in the subway system. Five deep stations in Washington Heights, including the 168th Street station, were considered to be ideal for being used as bomb-proof shelters, the program was expected to cost $104,000,000. These shelters were expected to provide limited protection against conventional bombs, while providing protection against shock waves and air blast, as well as from the heat and radiation from an atomic bomb. To become suitable as shelters, the stations would require water-supply facilities, first-aid rooms, and additional bathrooms.[17]

In 2004, the number of elevator attendants at the station was reduced to one per station as a result of budget cuts by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). The agency had intended to remove all the attendants, but kept one in each station after many riders protested, the change saved $1.2 million a year.[18] In November 2007, the MTA proposed savings cuts to help reduce the agency's deficit, as part of the plan, all elevator operators at 168th Street, along with those in four other stations in Washington Heights, would have been cut.[19] On December 7, 2007, the MTA announced that it would not remove the remaining elevator operators at 168th Street, along with those in four other stations in Washington Heights, the move was intended to save $1.7 million a year, but was not implemented due to pushback from elected officials and residents from the area.[20]

The elevator attendants currently serve as a way to reassure passengers as the elevators are the only entrance to the platforms, and passengers often wait for the elevators with an attendant,[21] the attendants at the five stations are primarily maintenance and cleaning workers who suffered injuries that made it hard for them to continue doing their original jobs.[22]

The station was served by Seventh Avenue express trains from 1906 to 1959, after which the station has been served by local 1 trains,[23] from 1989-2005, the 9 service, a skip-stop variant of the 1, went to the station.[24]

This deep station has a high arched tiled ceiling and white globe lights on ornate fixtures hanging from the walls and ceiling on the north half, the south half, where the platforms were extended in the 1950s, has a much lower ceiling and large marble columns with alternating ones having the standard black station name plates in white lettering, but the name tablets and trim line are the same as those on the north half of the station. There is a closed stairway on the extreme northern end of the northbound platform leading to an unknown location.

Near the north end of the station, there are two bridges above the tracks, each of which has two staircases going down to each platform, on the southbound side of the bridges, there are four elevators, one of which is staffed, going up to an unstaffed fare control area where a turnstile bank leads to two staircases going up to the southwest corner of Broadway and West 168th Street. A corridor within fare control leads to the IND mezzanine.

Until 2015, the elevators to the platforms on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line still utilized elevator operators, one of the only stations in the system to do so.[25]

168th Street is an express station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line that opened on September 10, 1932,[27] and has four tracks and two island platforms. Contrary to the usual express station layout, the inner tracks serve the C local trains while the outer tracks serve the A express trains, this is to make it easier for C trains to terminate here, and turn around to make the southbound trip to Brooklyn. South of this station, the outer tracks descend to a lower level below the inner tracks, creating a two-over-two track layout. North of the station, the inner tracks continue north under Broadway to 174th Street Yard while the outer tracks turn sharply under Fort Washington Avenue before continuing to Inwood–207th Street.[10]

Both outer track walls have a reddish purple with a black border, but no name tablets, and small "168" signs below them in white numbering on a black border, this station has a full length mezzanine above the platforms and tracks.

The station is planned to be renovated starting in 2016 as part of the 2010–2014 MTA Capital Program. An MTA study conducted in 2015 found that 48% of components were out of date.[9]

When the line opened, this station was served by an AA local train from 168th Street to Chambers Street/World Trade Center.[28] It was discontinued in 1933 when the CC was created to run local along the IND Eighth Avenue and Concourse lines, it was resurrected in 1940 when the BB (later B) was created.[29] The AA, which only ran outside rush hours after 1940,[29] was renamed K in 1985 and completely replaced by the C's midday service on December 11, 1988.[30][31]

The original BB train, beginning with the opening of the Sixth Avenue Line on December 15, 1940, ran as a rush-hour only local service starting at 168th Street–Washington Heights, the designation "B" was originally intended to designate express trains originating in Washington Heights and going to Midtown Manhattan on the IND Sixth Avenue Line.[32][29] On March 1, 1998, the B and the C switched northern terminals, ending B service to this station and bringing C trains to this station at all times except late nights.[32][33]

The A has always served this station since its inception in 1932.[32][9]

Note: Temporary station closures and reroutes, including on the 2 or 5 trains are not reflected here.
Stations with asterisks are served by that service during off-peak hours only. See linked articles for more information.

Stations and line segments in italics are closed, demolished, or planned. Track connections to other lines' terminals are displayed in brackets. Struck through passenger track connections are closed or unused in regular service.

1.
168th Street (BMT Jamaica Line)
–
168th Street was the terminal station on the demolished section of the BMT Jamaica Line. Located between 165th and 168th Streets on Jamaica Avenue, it had two tracks and one island platform, the next stop to the south was 160th Street. This station was built as part of the Dual Contracts in 1918, and was closed in 1977 in anticipation of the Archer Avenue Subway, and due to political pressure in the area. 168th Street was part of two Dual Contracts extensions of the BMT Broadway-Jamaica Line east of Cypress Hills and the S-Curve from Fulton Street to Jamaica Avenue and it opened on July 3,1918, replacing 111th Street as the lines terminus. 168th Street station also replaced the Canal Street Station along the Atlantic Avenue Rapid Transit line, which closed nineteen years earlier, and supplanted the trolley service on Jamaica Avenue. The station was constructed with a crossover switch west of the station. The entrance to the station at this location was built into an alcove of the signal building, past the crossover, the line expanded to three tracks, with the middle track ending at 160th Street. While reports say the station had a platform, photographs show a wooden platform. It served trains from the BMT Jamaica-Nassau Street Line to Manhattan, the station also connected to the nearby 165th Street Bus Terminal at 89th Avenue and Merrick Boulevard via an exit on 165th Street. In 1937, the Queens Boulevard Line of the city-owned Independent Subway System was extended to a new terminal at 169th Street and Hillside Avenue, the opening of the IND terminal drew passengers away from the BMT lines. Many merchants credited the line with causing blight and hurting business in the neighborhood, the line was also torn down in preparation for the completion of the Archer Avenue Subway one block south, which would serve the Jamaica Line and a spur of the IND Queens Boulevard Line. Construction of that began in 1972. 168th Street closed at midnight on September 10,1977, the line was truncated to Queens Boulevard, with the Q49 bus replacing the demolished portion of the line until December 11,1988. In spite of the support of business owners for the demolition of the line, stores continued to suffer. This included the large Macys location in the 165th Street Pedestrian Mall near the bus terminal and it sits inactive atop a block of storefronts. The exit stairways for the station were purchased by a citizen to be used on their estate in Nissequogue on the Long Island Sound. The Archer Avenue Line was completed in 1988, nearly ten years after the closure of the station, nycsubway. org – BMT Jamaica Line, 168th Street nycsubway. org – BMT Jamaica Line

2.
1 (New York City Subway service)
–
The 1 Broadway–Seventh Avenue Local is a rapid transit service in the A Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or bullet, is colored tomato red since it uses the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line for its entire route, the 1 operates local at all times between Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street in Riverdale, Bronx and South Ferry in Lower Manhattan. When the first subway opened between 1904 and 1908, one of the main service patterns was the West Side Branch, trains ran from Lower Manhattan to Van Cortlandt Park via what is now the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, 42nd Street Shuttle, and IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. There was both local and express service with trains using the express tracks south of 96th Street. Some express trains ran to Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn via the Joralemon Street Tunnel during rush hours while all other trains turned around at City Hall or the South Ferry outer loop. This shuttle was extended south to South Ferry, with a shuttle on the Brooklyn branch between Chambers Street and Wall Street, on July 1,1918. Finally, the new H system was implemented on August 1,1918, late night service was not operated. All 1 Local trains ran from 137th Street to South Ferry days and evenings, on September 5,1937, the practice of splitting Sunday morning trains at Brooklyn Museum was discontinued, with the alternate trains going to New Lots Avenue or Flatbush Avenue. As of July 1,1938, all evening and Sunday trains were rerouted to New Lots Avenue, by 1945, all 1 Local peak period trains were cut back from Dyckman Street to 137th Street. Beginning on May 10,1946, all 1 Brooklyn trains were made express during late nights running on 12 minute headways, previously all 1 trains ran local from 12,30 to 5, 30am and they alternated between Flatbush and New Lots Avenues. On December 20,1946, all night trains were routed to Flatbush Avenue. On June 12,1949, 137th Street to South Ferry Sunday locals were discontinued, on March 15,1954, weekend 137th Street to South Ferry locals were discontinued, and simultaneously weekend Brooklyn trains were rerouted to Flatbush Avenue. An attempt was made to extend service further north on January 14,1955. This proved unsuccessful, and ended on June 28,1956, meanwhile, in Brooklyn, weekday trains were rerouted to Flatbush Avenue on December 20,1957, and evening 137th Street to South Ferry locals were discontinued on May 23,1958. Under a $100,000,000 rebuilding program, increased and lengthened service was implemented during peak hours on the 1 train, switching north of 96th Street was eliminated. On February 6,1959,1 trains began to run between 242nd Street and South Ferry all times, trains began to be branded as Hi-Speed Locals, being as fast as the old express service was with new R21s and R22s on the line. During rush hour in the direction, alternate trains, those running from 242nd Street. The bypassed stations were served by locals originating from Dyckman Street and this express service was discontinued on May 24,1976, after which all 1 trains began to make all stops

3.
A (New York City Subway service)
–
The A Eighth Avenue Express is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or bullet, is colored vivid blue since it uses the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan, the A operates between 207th Street in Inwood, Manhattan and Mott Avenue in Far Rockaway, Queens, or Lefferts Boulevard in Richmond Hill, Queens. The A is the Central Park West / Eighth Avenue Express in Manhattan, Fulton Street Express in Brooklyn, the A provides the longest one-seat ride in the system, at 32 miles between Inwood and Far Rockaway and has a weekday ridership of 600,000. Five rush hour trips run to and from Beach 116th Street in Rockaway Park, Queens, at all times, a shuttle train operates between Broad Channel, where it connects with the A, and Rockaway Park. During late nights, the A makes all stops along its route and originates/terminates at Far Rockaway only. The A and AA were the first services on the IND Eighth Avenue Line when it opened on September 10,1932, the Independent Subway System used single letters to refer to express services and double letters for local services. The A ran express between 207th Street and Chambers Street/World Trade Center, and the AA ran local between 168th Street and Chambers St/World Trade Center, known at the time as Hudson Terminal, the AA used a red bullet. During late nights and Sundays, the A did not run, on April 9,1936, the IND Fulton Street Line was opened to Rockaway Avenue. The 1936 completion played a part in the establishment of Bedford-Stuyvesant as Brooklyns central African American community. On December 30,1946 and November 28,1948, the line was extended to Broadway–East New York and Euclid Avenue, respectively. On October 24,1949, express service in Brooklyn to Broadway–East New York began with the A running express during rush hours, on April 29,1956, Grant Avenue was opened, and the line was extended over the BMT Fulton Street Line to Lefferts Boulevard. Weekdays except midnights, alternate trains terminated at Lefferts Boulevard and at Euclid Avenue, during weekends, they terminated at Euclid Avenue with a shuttle to Lefferts Boulevard. Two months later, on June 28,1956, the former Long Island Rail Road Rockaway Line was rebuilt to subway specifications, at this time, rush hour express service on the Fulton Street Line with the E train began. On September 16,1956, the A was extended to the Rockaways replacing the E, at the time, alternate trains continued running to Lefferts Boulevard. On January 27,1957, non-rush hour through service to the Rockaways was discontinued and was replaced by a shuttle running between Euclid Avenue and Wavecrest, non-rush hour A train service is now to Lefferts Boulevard. This may also be the time that the E replaced the A again in the Rockaways, on January 16,1958, a new terminal was created at Far Rockaway–Mott Avenue, and the through connection to the Long Island Rail Roads Far Rockaway station was severed. On September 8,1958, the A train replaced the E train in the Rockaways again, round-robin service from Euclid Avenue to both Rockaway terminals began, non-rush hours, while through A service runs to Lefferts Boulevard. In September 1959, the A begins to run local in Brooklyn at all times, in 1963, the E train was extended to the Rockaways, and the A train ran local to Euclid Avenue or Lefferts Boulevard at all times

4.
C (New York City Subway service)
–
The C Eighth Avenue Local is a 19-mile-long rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or bullet, is colored vivid blue since it uses the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan, during late night hours, the A train, which runs express along the entire C route during daytime hours, makes all stops. The C and CC services began operation on July 1,1933 when the IND Concourse Line opened, the Independent Subway System used single letters to refer to express services and double letters to local services. The CC provided local service between Bedford Park Boulevard and Chambers Street/World Trade Center during rush hours, and was extended to 205th Street during non-rush hours, the C ran express, from 205th Street to Bergen Street in Brooklyn during rush hours. Beginning August 19,1933, C service was cut back from Bergen Street, at the same time, CC service was cut back from 205th Street during non-rush hours. On January 1,1936, C service was extended to Jay Street–Borough Hall, on April 9,1937, C service was extended to Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets. After July 1,1937, a few C trains continued to run to Bergen Street southbound in the AM rush hour, also on the same date, weekend C service was discontinued, and CC service was extended to 205th Street to compensate. Beginning December 15,1940, the D train entered service with the opening of the IND Sixth Avenue Line and it joined the C as the peak direction Concourse Express. CC trains now ran between Hudson Terminal and Bedford Park during rush hours and on Saturdays and during other times, the D made local stops in the Bronx, replacing CC service. On the same date, limited morning rush hour service began between 205th Street, Bronx and Utica Avenue, Brooklyn, making local stops on the IND Fulton Street Line, beginning October 10,1944, C trains no longer ran on Saturdays. On October 24,1949, C express service was discontinued, additional D service was added to offset this loss. The CC, which ran during rush hours, began terminating at Broadway–Lafayette Street Mondays to Fridays. On December 29,1951, CC trains were discontinued on Saturdays, on October 30,1954, CC trains returned to its previous terminal at Hudson Terminal. On August 30,1976, the CC train replaced the E train as the local along Fulton Street and it became the only subway train to run through all four boroughs served by the subway. The Rockaway Park Shuttle service at time was renamed CC, before then. This shuttle was the only non-rush CC service, on May 6,1985, the IND practice of using double letters to indicate local service was discontinued. The CC service was renamed the C, the Rockaway Park Shuttle is renamed H. On December 10,1988, the K train was discontinued, and it ran from Bedford Park Boulevard to Rockaway Park rush hours, 145th Street to Euclid Avenue middays, and from 145th Street to World Trade Center during evenings and weekends

5.
New York City Subway
–
Opened in 1904, the New York City Subway is one of the worlds oldest public transit systems, one of the worlds most used metro systems, and the metro system with the most stations. It offers service 24 hours per day, every day of the year, the New York City Subway is the largest rapid transit system in the world by number of stations, with 472 stations in operation. Stations are located throughout the boroughs of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Port Authority Trans-Hudson and the AirTrain JFK, in Manhattan and Queens respectively, accept the subways MetroCard but are not operated by the MTA and do not allow free transfers. Another mass transit service that is not operated by the MTA, the system is also one of the worlds longest. Overall, the system contains 236 miles of routes, translating into 665 miles of track. In 2015, the subway delivered over 1.76 billion rides, averaging approximately 5.7 million daily rides on weekdays and a combined 5.9 million rides each weekend. Of the systems 25 services,22 of them pass through Manhattan, the exceptions being the G train, the Franklin Avenue Shuttle, and the Rockaway Park Shuttle. Large portions of the subway outside Manhattan are elevated, on embankments, or in open cuts, in total, 40% of track is not underground despite the subway moniker. Many lines and stations have both express and local services and these lines have three or four tracks. Normally, the two are used for local trains, while the inner one or two are used for express trains. Stations served by express trains are typically major transfer points or destinations, alfred Ely Beach built the first demonstration for an underground transit system in New York City in 1869 and opened it in February 1870. The tunnel was never extended for political and financial reasons, although extensions had been planned to take the tunnel southward to The Battery, the Great Blizzard of 1888 helped demonstrate the benefits of an underground transportation system. A plan for the construction of the subway was approved in 1894, the first underground line of the subway opened on October 27,1904, almost 36 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line. The fare was $0.05 and on the first day the trains carried over 150,000 passengers, the oldest structure still in use opened in 1885 as part of the BMT Lexington Avenue Line in Brooklyn and is now part of the BMT Jamaica Line. The oldest right-of-way, which is part of the BMT West End Line near Coney Island Creek, was in use in 1864 as a railroad called the Brooklyn, Bath. By the time the first subway opened, the lines had been consolidated into two privately owned systems, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company and the Interborough Rapid Transit Company, the city built most of the lines and leased them to the companies. This required it to be run at cost, necessitating fares up to double the five-cent fare popular at the time, in 1940, the city bought the two private systems. Some elevated lines ceased service immediately while others closed soon after, integration was slow, but several connections were built between the IND and BMT, these now operate as one division called the B Division

6.
Rapid transit
–
Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains and they are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land, variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The worlds first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a railway in 1863. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, china has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world. The worlds longest single-operator rapid transit system by length is the Shanghai Metro. The worlds largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of revenue track (665 miles and number of stations is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. One of these terms may apply to a system, even if a large part of the network runs at ground level. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway, in the US, underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, whereas the term metro is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area. In that vein, Chicagos commuter rail system, serving the area, is called Metra. Exceptions in naming rapid transit systems are Washington DCs subway system the Washington Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, and the Miami Metrorail, the opening of Londons steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant, experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam, in 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset, budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services, hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems

7.
Manhattan
–
Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the citys historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1,1683, Manhattan is often described as the cultural and financial capital of the world and hosts the United Nations Headquarters. Many multinational media conglomerates are based in the borough and it is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders which equals US$1062 today. New York County is the United States second-smallest county by land area, on business days, the influx of commuters increases that number to over 3.9 million, or more than 170,000 people per square mile. Manhattan has the third-largest population of New York Citys five boroughs, after Brooklyn and Queens, the City of New York was founded at the southern tip of Manhattan, and the borough houses New York City Hall, the seat of the citys government. The name Manhattan derives from the word Manna-hata, as written in the 1609 logbook of Robert Juet, a 1610 map depicts the name as Manna-hata, twice, on both the west and east sides of the Mauritius River. The word Manhattan has been translated as island of hills from the Lenape language. The United States Postal Service prefers that mail addressed to Manhattan use New York, NY rather than Manhattan, the area that is now Manhattan was long inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans. In 1524, Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano – sailing in service of King Francis I of France – was the first European to visit the area that would become New York City. It was not until the voyage of Henry Hudson, an Englishman who worked for the Dutch East India Company, a permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on the citadel of Fort Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, later called New Amsterdam, the 1625 establishment of Fort Amsterdam at the southern tip of Manhattan Island is recognized as the birth of New York City. In 1846, New York historian John Romeyn Brodhead converted the figure of Fl 60 to US$23, variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars, as Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace remarked in their history of New York. Sixty guilders in 1626 was valued at approximately $1,000 in 2006, based on the price of silver, Straight Dope author Cecil Adams calculated an equivalent of $72 in 1992. In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was appointed as the last Dutch Director General of the colony, New Amsterdam was formally incorporated as a city on February 2,1653. In 1664, the English conquered New Netherland and renamed it New York after the English Duke of York and Albany, the Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city New Orange. Manhattan was at the heart of the New York Campaign, a series of battles in the early American Revolutionary War. The Continental Army was forced to abandon Manhattan after the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16,1776. The city, greatly damaged by the Great Fire of New York during the campaign, became the British political, British occupation lasted until November 25,1783, when George Washington returned to Manhattan, as the last British forces left the city

8.
Washington Heights, Manhattan
–
Washington Heights is a neighborhood in the northern portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. In the 18th century, only the portion of the island was settled by Europeans. Among the many unspoiled tracts of land was the highest spot on the island, when the Revolutionary War came to New York, the British had the upper hand. General George Washington and troops from his Continental Army camped on the ground, calling it Fort Washington. The Continental Army retreated from its location after their defeat on November 16,1776, the British took the position and renamed it Fort Knyphausen in honor of Wilhelm von Knyphausen, the leader of the Hessians, who had taken a major part in the British victory. Their location was in the now called Bennett Park. Fort Washington had been established as a position to prevent British vessels from sailing north on the Hudson River. Fort Lee, across the river, was its twin, built to assist in the defense of the Hudson Valley, the progress of the battle is marked by a series of bronze plaques along Broadway. On July 9,1776, when New Yorks Provincial Congress assented to the Declaration of Independence, A rowdy crowd of soldiers, marched down Broadway to Bowling Green, where they toppled the statue of George III erected in 1770. The head was put on a spike at the Blue Bell Tavern, the tavern was later used by Washington and his staff when the British evacuated New York, standing in front of it as they watched the American troops march south to retake New York. By 1856 the first recorded home had been built on the site of Fort Washington, the Moorewood residence was there until the 1880s. The property was purchased by Richard Carman and sold to James Gordon Bennett Sr. for an estate in 1871. Bennetts descendants later gave the land to the city to build a park honoring the Revolutionary War encampment, Bennett Park is a portion of that land. Lucius Chittenden, a New Orleans merchant, built a home on land he bought in 1846 west of what is now Cabrini Boulevard and it was known as the Chittenden estate by 1864. Bucking named his home Pinehurst on land near the Hudson, a title that survives as Pinehurst Avenue, the series of ridges overlooking the Hudson were sites of villas in the 19th century, including the extensive property of John James Audubon. At the turn of the 20th century the woods started being chopped down to make way for homes, the cliffs that are now Fort Tryon Park held the mansion of Cornelius Kingsley Garrison Billings, a retired president of the Chicago Coke and Gas Company. He purchased 25 acres and constructed Tryon Hall, a Louis XIV-style home designed by Gus Lowell and it had a galleried entranceway from the Henry Hudson Parkway that was 50 feet high and made of Maine granite. In 1917, Billings sold the land to John D. Rockefeller Jr. for $35,000 per acre, Tryon Hall was destroyed by fire in 1925

9.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation

10.
Interborough Rapid Transit Company
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The IRT was purchased by the City in June 1940. The former IRT lines are now the A Division or IRT Division of the Subway, the first IRT subway ran between City Hall and 145th Street at Broadway, opening on October 27,1904. It opened following more than twenty years of debate on the merits of subways versus the existing elevated rail system. Founded on May 6,1902, by August Belmont, Jr. the IRTs mission was to operate New York Citys initial underground rapid transit system after Belmonts, mcDonalds Rapid Transit Construction Company was awarded the rights to build the railway line in 1900, outbidding Andrew Onderdonk. On April 1,1903, over a year before its first subway line opened, the Manhattan EL was the operator of four elevated railways in Manhattan with an extension into the Bronx. The IRT coordinated some services between what became its subway and elevated divisions, but all the lines of the former Manhattan EL have since been dismantled. In 1913, as a result of expansion in the city. The IRT ceased to function as a privately held company on June 12,1940, today, the IRT lines are operated as the A Division of the subway. The remaining lines are underground in Manhattan, except for a stretch across Harlem at 125th Street. Its Brooklyn lines are underground with a single elevated extension that reaches up to New Lots Avenue, the Flushing Line, its sole line in Queens, is entirely elevated except for a short portion approaching its East River tunnel and its terminal at Flushing–Main Street. The Flushing Line has had no connection to the rest of the IRT since 1942. It is connected to the BMT and the rest of the system via the BMT Astoria Line on the level of the Queensboro Plaza station. The Flushing Line became the responsibility of IRT, the Astoria Line had its platforms shaved back for exclusive BMT operation

11.
B Division (New York City Subway)
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The New York City Subways B Division consists of the lines that operate with lettered services, as well as the Franklin Avenue and Rockaway Park Shuttles. These lines and services were operated by the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, B Division rolling stock is wider, longer, and heavier than those of the A Division, measuring 10 or 9.75 ft by 60 or 75 ft. The two former systems are sometimes referred to as the BMT Division and IND Division. A large system of elevated railways in Brooklyn was formed by 1908 by the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company, crossing the Brooklyn Bridge, with the Dual Contracts, signed in 1913, the BRT acquired extensions outward into Queens, as well as through Lower and Midtown Manhattan. The BRT became the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation in 1923 after a bankruptcy, the Independent Subway System was created by the city in the 1920s and 1930s as a third system operated by the city, competing with the BMT and Interborough Rapid Transit Company. The city took over operations of the BMT and IRT in 1940, since the original IRT tunnels were smaller, it has remained a separate division to this day. IND services were labeled on maps and signs starting with the opening of the first line in 1932. Six letters - A to F - were assigned to the services, sorted by the north terminal and midtown line. G and H were assigned to lesser services, which did not enter Manhattan, the following labels were used from 1940 to 1967, Until 1954 and 1955, when the Culver Ramp and 60th Street Tunnel Connection opened, the BMT and IND trackage was not connected. Beginning in 1924, BMT services were designated by number, the city assigned letters - generally following the IND pattern of double letters for local services - in the early 1960s to prepare for the 1967 Chrystie Street Connection. Only Southern Division routes were labeled on maps, but all services except remnants of the old els were assigned letters, * Unofficially signed as M, in 1967, the Culver and Franklin Shuttles became SS - the standard shuttle designation - and the Myrtle Local was labeled MJ. The 1967 opening of the Chrystie Street Connection resulted in a number of changes

12.
Independent Subway System
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It was first constructed as the Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan in 1932. It was merged with two networks in 1940. The original IND service lines are the modern subways A, B, C, D, E, F and G services, in addition, the BMTs M, Q and R now run partly on IND trackage. The Rockaway Park Shuttle supplements the A service, for operational purposes, the IND and BMT lines and services are referred to jointly as the B Division. Until 1940, it was known as the Independent City-Owned Subway System, Independent Subway System and it became known as the IND after unification of the subway lines in 1940, the name IND was assigned to match the three-letter acronyms that the IRT and BMT used. The first IND line was the Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan, opened on September 10,1932, in the early 1920s, Mayor John Hylan proposed a complex series of city-owned and operated rapid transit lines to compete with the BMT and IRT, especially their elevated lines. The New York City Transit Commission was formed in 1921 to develop a plan to reduce overcrowding on the subways, all but a short portion of the Culver Line are underground. On March 14,1925 the groundbreaking of the Eighth Avenue subway took place at 123rd Street, on July 8,1931 the first train of R1s left Coney Island at 11, 35am and ran via the BMT Sea Beach Line to Times Square. On September 10,1932, the Eighth Avenue Line opened from 207th Street to Chambers Street, in February 1933 the Cranberry Street Tunnel opened, along with the Eighth Avenue Line from Chambers Street to Jay Street–Borough Hall. On the northern end of the construction, in the Bronx, the connecting Concourse Line opened on July 1,1933 from 205th Street to 145th Street. On the INDs opening day, it had a small subway car fleet of 300 cars, while the IRT had 2,281 subway and 1,694 elevated cars. The new IND Eighth Avenue Line was built using 1,000,000 cubic yards of concrete and 150,000 short tons of steel, the roadbed of the new subway was expected to last 30 years. Two months after the IND opened for business, three exits from the 96th Street and 103rd Street stations – at 95th and 97th Streets and at 105th Street, the first section of the line, west from Roosevelt Avenue to 50th Street, opened on August 19,1933. E trains ran local to Hudson Terminal in Manhattan, while the GG ran as a service between Queens Plaza and Nassau Avenue on the IND Crosstown Line, which opened on the same day. The Cranberry Street Tunnel, extending the Eighth Avenue express tracks east under Fulton Street to Jay Street–Borough Hall in Brooklyn, was opened for the rush hour on February 1,1933. Until June 24,1933, High Street is skipped, the first short section of the IND Culver Line opened on March 20,1933, taking Eighth Avenue Express A trains south from Jay Street to Bergen Street. The rest of the line opened on October 7,1933 to the terminal at Church Avenue. In 1936, the A was rerouted to the IND Fulton Street Line, E trains, which ran from Jackson Heights, Queens to Hudson Terminal, were shifted to the new line to East Broadway

13.
IND Eighth Avenue Line
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The IND Eighth Avenue Line is a rapid transit line in New York City, United States, and is part of the B Division of the New York City Subway. Opened in 1932, it was the first line of the Independent Subway System, most of the line has four tracks, with one local and one express track in each direction, except for the extreme north and south ends, where only the two express tracks continue. The line is signaled as Line A, with tracks A1, A3, A4, and A2 from west to east, running from approximately 800 at the south end to 1540 at the north end. The line runs from 207th Street in Inwood south to an interlocking south of High Street in Brooklyn Heights, including large sections under St. Nicholas Avenue, Central Park West, and Eighth Avenue. The entire length is underground, though the 207th Street Yard, flying junctions are provided with the IND Concourse Line, IND Sixth Avenue Line, and IND Queens Boulevard Line. Between 59th Street–Columbus Circle and 145th Street, the line can be called the Central Park West Line, the whole line is served at all times by the A train, which runs express except during late nights. The C provides local service south of 168th Street while the A runs express, the following services use part or all of the Eighth Avenue Line. The trunk lines bullets are colored blue, The Eighth Avenue begins as a two-track subway under Broadway at 207th Street in Inwood. A flying junction just to the south brings two tracks from the 207th Street Yard between the tracks, merging after Dyckman Street. The subway leaves Broadway to pass under Fort Tryon Park to the end of Fort Washington Avenue. The small 174th Street Yard lies under Broadway, with two tracks exiting to the south under that roadway, however, when the lower level was added in 1962, it instead carried a roadway. The two main tracks from Fort Washington Avenue enter Broadway near 171st Street, running underneath the tracks in a double-decker tunnel. A few blocks later, the tracks separate to straddle the yard tracks at 168th Street. The local/express split begins here, with the tracks coming from the yard. Contrary to standard practice, the two tracks are in the center and the two express tracks are on the outside. Except during late nights, the service ends at 168th Street, reversing direction on the yard tracks. South of 168th Street, the express tracks lower below the tracks, forming another double-decker tunnel. North of 145th Street, the tracks rise into the center

14.
MTA Regional Bus Operations
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Both NYCT and MaBSTOA operate service pursuant to a lease agreement with the City of New York. MTABC operates service pursuant to an agreement with the City of New York under which all expenses of MTABC and this brought almost all bus transportation in New York City under its control. After the bus mergers were completed in 2006, the MTA then moved to streamline its operations through consolidation of management function, MTA Regional Bus also included the MTA Long Island Bus division until January 2012, when its services were transferred to a private operator by Nassau County. Other changes have included eliminating the MTA Bus call center, folding it into that of MTA New York City Transit, Regional Bus Operations is currently only used in official documentation, and not publicly as a brand. The seven former companies were, Command Bus Company, Inc. Green Bus Lines, Queens Surface Corp. and Triboro Coach Corp. The most common scheme is a blue stripe across the sides of the bus against a white base, with no colors on the front or back. From 1977 until late 2007, the livery was a full all-around stripe with a rear, and until late 2010. Buses operated in Select Bus Service bus rapid transit service are wrapped with a light blue-and-white wrap below the windows. In spring 2016, a new livery was introduced based on blue, light blue, and gold, with a mostly blue front and sides, a light blue and gold wave. Access-A-Ride paratransit services are provided by independent contractors, using vehicles owned by the MTA. In addition, MTA Regional Bus Operations operated bus and paratransit service in Nassau County under the name Long Island Bus until December 31,2011 and this service was operated by the MTA under an agreement with Nassau County, who owned its facilities and equipment. In 2011, the MTA asked Nassau County to provide funding for Long Island Bus than they were at the time. The county refused to provide funding, and the MTA voted to end operation of the system at the end of 2011. The county then decided to hire Veolia Transportation, a transportation company. Eventually all of these routes were transferred to private management, another city acquisition was the Bridge Operating Company, which ran the Williamsburg Bridge Local trolley, acquired in 1921 by the DP&S. Unlike the other lines, this one remained city-operated, and was replaced by the B39 bus route on December 5,1948, on February 23,1947, the Board of Transportation took over the Staten Island bus network of the Isle Transportation Company. The final Brooklyn trolleys were the Church Avenue Line and McDonald Avenue Line, discontinued on October 31,1956, though the privately operated Queensboro Bridge Local remained until 1957. Thus, in the late 1950s, the city operated all local service in Staten Island and Brooklyn, about half the service in Queens

15.
Fifth and Madison Avenues Line
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The M1, M2, M3, and M4 are four local bus routes that operate on the Fifth and Madison Avenues Line – along one-way pair of Madison and Fifth Avenues in the Manhattan borough of New York City. Though the routes run along other major avenues, the majority of their route is along Madison. The M4 and Q32 begin at Penn Station, joining Madison Avenue at 32nd Street, thus, all five routes are on Fifth and Madison Avenues north of 34th Street. The M1 begins its route in the East Village at the intersection of 4th Avenue and it starts north along 4th Avenue to Union Square, where it changes names to Union Square East. Union Square East continues past Union Square as Park Avenue South, the M1 turns off Park Avenue South at East 25th Street for one block, and then immediately turns right onto Madison Avenue. The M1 follows Madison Avenue all the way to East 135th Street, where it turns left for one block. It travels up Fifth to West 139th Street, turns left for a block, the M1 travels south the same route, but entirely on Fifth Avenue between 139th Street and 8th Street. The bus uses 8th Street to travel between 5th and 4th Avenues, on June 25,2010, as a result of service cuts, MTA no longer operated weekend M1 service into Midtown, instead terminating at 106th Street. After numerous requests to some of the 2010 service cuts. There is a proposal underway to re-extend this line back down to Worth Street in early 2017, in this proposal, every other bus would go to Worth Street via Bowery and Third Avenue, returning uptown via Centre Street and Lafayette Street. The M1 has a peak direction limited stop service on weekday rush hours, the M1 is the replacement of the Fourth and Madison Avenues Streetcar Line. The M2 follows the route as the M1 north until East 110th Street. It travels around Frawley Circle and along Central Park North to Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Boulevard, the M2 follows 7th Avenue until West 155th Street, where it turns left and then turns right onto Edgecombe Avenue. The M2 follows Edgecombe Avenue to West 165th Street, and terminates at West 168th Street and it follows the same route south, except using Fifth Avenue instead of Madison. The M2 runs as a service, with no local service during the daytime. At other times, it runs local only, the M3 follows the same route as the M2, except it continues west past Powell Boulevard along West 110th Street to Manhattan Avenue. It follows Manhattan Avenue, which becomes St. Nicholas Avenue, to its terminus at St. Nicholas Avenue, the M4 begins at Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan. It travels east along 32nd Street and west along 34th Street to Madison, the M4 follows the same route as the M3 from here, except it continues west past Manhattan Avenue along West 110th Street, then Cathedral Parkway, to Broadway

16.
Fifth and Sixth Avenues Line
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The routes primarily run along Broadway, Fifth and Sixth Avenues, and Riverside Drive from Lower Manhattan to Washington Heights. The M5 covers the portion of the route, while the M55 operates along the southern portion of the route. The portion along Broadway south of East 8th Street was originally a streetcar line, from 2010 to January 8,2017, the whole line was a single route, the M5, running from Washington Heights to Lower Manhattan. In January 2017, the M55 was created to improve reliability, the Broadway line began at Columbus Circle. It runs east along Central Park South one block, and turned right onto Seventh Avenue and it followed Seventh to Times Square, and bore left on Broadway. It followed Broadway to Madison Square, and bore left onto Fifth Avenue and it ran on Fifth along with the Fifth/Madison Avenue Line to 8th Street. Both lines turned left onto East 8th Street east towards Broadway, at Broadway, the Broadway line turned right and terminated at the South Ferry, the Fifth/Madison Avenue Line continued to Fourth Avenue and terminated at Astor Place and Fourth Avenue. The current M5 and M55 follow a route, except the M55 does not run on Broadway north of St. Marks Place after the pedestrian plazas were implemented, the current northbound M55 route begins at South Ferry and runs uptown on Church Street and Sixth Avenue. Downtown M55 buses run along Fifth Avenue to East 8th Street, the northbound M55 runs along Fifth and Sixth Avenues until 44th Street, where it terminates. The M5 starts at 31st Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues, using Sixth Avenue northbound and Fifth Avenue southbound until it reaches Central Park South and this corridor is shared by the M1, M2, M3 and M4 routes, and Sixth Avenue with the M7. There, the M5 runs crosstown along Central Park South and uptown along Broadway from Columbus Circle to West 72nd Street and this Broadway section is shared by the M7 and M104. and 72nd street is shared by the streets M72 crosstown bus route, as well as the M57. The route shifts to Riverside Drive, parallel to Broadway and runs the length of the street. This portion is not served by any bus route. The M5 Limited, which operates during the daytime, runs limited between 135th and 157th Streets, as well as between 72nd and 31st Streets, elsewhere, all limited buses make local stops. When the M5 Limited is running, there is no M5 local service, the M55 runs local at all times. The M2, M3, M4, M5 and M104 are based out of Manhattanville Depot, while the M1 and M7 are based out of Mother Clara Hale Depot, the Broadway and Seventh Avenue Railroad opened a line from Lower Manhattan to Central Park in 1864. However, south of Union Square, tracks were not allowed in Broadway due to local opposition

17.
M100 (New York City bus)
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Several companies, most prominently the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, operate a number of bus routes in Manhattan, New York, United States. Many of them are the descendants of streetcar lines. Presently, the New York City Transit Authority and its subsidiary Manhattan, the Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation operates the Roosevelt Island Red Bus Service on Roosevelt Island. The first bus company in Manhattan was the Fifth Avenue Coach Company, when New York Railways began abandoning several streetcar lines in 1919, the replacement bus routes were picked up by the New York City Department of Plant and Structures. The DP&S began operating several other buses in 1921, all of these but the M21 were acquired by Green Bus Lines in 1933, Green transferred several of these to the Comprehensive Omnibus Corporation in 1935. The New York City Omnibus Corporation began operating replacement routes for New York Railways lines abandoned in 1936 and they also acquired the Madison Avenue Coach Company, Eighth Avenue Coach Corporation, and in 1942 the Triangle Bus Corporation. In 1936, the NYCO and Fifth Avenue were placed under common ownership, the two were merged directly by 1956, when the NYCO acquired the Surface Transportation Corporation, and changed its name to Fifth Avenue Coach Lines. After a strike in 1962, the entire Fifth Avenue system was transferred to the newly formed Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority on March 22,1962. The M9 route came from the Avenue B and East Broadway Transit Company in 1980 and this table gives details for the routes prefixed with M - in other words, those considered to run primarily in Manhattan by the MTA. Other bus routes do not operate overnight hours, usually defined as midnight to 5AM, the Manhattan bus routes should not be confused with Megabus routes with similar names/numbers originating from Manhattan. Note, NB, Northbound, SB, Southbound, EB, Eastbound, WB, all routes operate as clockwise loops. A clockwise loop bus via 34th Street, 6th Avenue, 48th Street and this route is operated by Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation and is the lone unsubsidized route operating in Manhattan. The Red Bus route operates a shuttle bus service from apartment buildings to the subway and tramway lines. In Lower Manhattan area, a service operates daily from 10,00 AM until 7,30 PM, sponsored by the Lower Manhattan Business Improvement District. Most companies used these numbers, but the New York City Omnibus Corporation gave its routes numbers from 1 to 22, the public designations were not changed to avoid conflicts until July 1,1974. Manhattan Bus Map and Service Guide Chicago Transit & Railfan Web Site, New York City Transit www. nycsubway. org, Local Bus Companies of Manhattan

18.
Bx7 (New York City bus)
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The Metropolitan Transportation Authority operates a number of bus routes in the Bronx, New York, United States. Many of them are the descendants of streetcar lines. All local buses are operated by the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority, seven Metro-North Railroad feeder routes are run by the brand name of Hudson Rail Link, operated by Logan Bus Company under contract. All of these routes are listed below and this table gives details for the routes prefixed with Bx - in other words, those considered to run primarily in the Bronx by the MTA. All routes are operated under New York City Bus except for the Bx23, routes marked with an asterisk run 24 hours a day. The Hudson Rail Link is a bus system operated by Logan Bus Company for Metro-North Railroad. It connects the Riverdale and Spuyten Duyvil stations on the Hudson Line to the neighborhoods of the same name, as of 2014, more than half of the daily commuters who use Spuyten Duyvil station arrive using the feeder bus. Service operates on weekdays only, connecting to and from Metro-North trains and it accepts MetroCard, and UniTickets are available at a discount for rail passengers. All routes originate at the station listed and were created in 1991. On July 1,1974, some suffixed routes were renumbered, including the following, On February 18,1984, the entire Bronx bus system was revamped, with several routes renumbered and merged. The changes were as follows, MTA NYC Transit - Bus Service Media related to Buses in the Bronx, New York City at Wikimedia Commons Bronx Bus Map and Service Guide

19.
Fort Washington Avenue
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Fort Washington Avenue is a major north-south street in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. It runs from Fort Tryon Park to 159th Street, where it intersects with Broadway and it goes past Bennett Park, the highest natural point in Manhattan. Famous residents of Fort Washington Avenue include Drs. Henry Kissinger and Ruth Westheimer, the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway runs underneath Fort Washington Avenue, stopping at the 175th Street, 181st Street, and 190th Street stations. The avenue is served by the M4, M98 buses

20.
Short Line (bus company)
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Short Lines service can be defined in several categories, Short Line, under contract to Orange County, provides local bus service along the former Erie Main Line corridor along Route 17M. ShortLine also owns local routes traveling along Routes 17K and 32 in Orange County, as well as local routes traveling onward from Middletown onward to Route 209, and to other towns along Route 17. Within the New York metropolitan area, ShortLine operates commuter services along the Route 17 corridor, Interstate 84, Routes 208 and 32, the central hub for all of these routes is Binghamton, via Routes X178 and 495. Short Line provides service along 29 routes, details are listed below for the full route only. Some schedules may serve only portions of the line, skip some stops, unless noted, all service is provided using Coach USA-branded vehicles. These routes service the outer regions of the New York metropolitan area and these routes run primarily from the New York Metro area to points in the Southern Tier, or service the Southern Tier of New York State exclusively. Greyhound Lines Trailways of New York ShortLine home page

21.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
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The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is a US labor law that prohibits unjustified discrimination based on disability. The final version of the bill was signed into law on July 26,1990 and it was later amended in 2008 and signed by President George W. Bush with changes effective as of January 1,2009. ADA disabilities include both mental and physical medical conditions, a condition does not need to be severe or permanent to be a disability. Additionally, other conditions, such as gender identity disorders, are also excluded under the definition of disability. The ADA states that an entity shall not discriminate against a qualified individual with a disability. This applies to job application procedures, hiring, advancement and discharge of employees, job training, and other terms, conditions, covered entities include employers with 15 or more employees, as well as employment agencies, labor organizations, and joint labor-management committees. Prohibited discrimination may include, among other things, firing or refusing to hire someone based on a real or perceived disability, segregation, covered entities are also required to provide reasonable accommodations to job applicants and employees with disabilities. An employee or applicant who currently engages in the use of drugs is not considered qualified when a covered entity takes adverse action based on such use. There are many ways to discriminate against people based on disabilities, anyone known to have a history of mental disorders can be considered disabled. Employers with more than 15 employees must take care to all employees fairly. Even when an employee is doing a job well, she or he is not necessarily no longer disabled. The Court determined that state employees cannot sue their employer for violating ADA rules, state employees can, however, file complaints at the Department of Justice or the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, who can sue on their behalf. Title II prohibits disability discrimination by all entities at the local level, e. g. school district, municipal, city, or county. Public entities must comply with Title II regulations by the U. S. Department of Justice and these regulations cover access to all programs and services offered by the entity. Access includes physical access described in the ADA Standards for Accessible Design, Title II applies to public transportation provided by public entities through regulations by the U. S. Department of Transportation. It includes the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, along all other commuter authorities. This section requires the provision of services by public entities that provide fixed route services. ADA also sets minimum requirements for space layout in order to facilitate wheelchair securement on public transport, Title II also applies to all state and local public housing, housing assistance, and housing referrals

22.
Metro station
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A metro station or subway station is a railway station for a rapid transit system, which as a whole is usually called a Metro or Subway. The station provides a means for passengers to purchase tickets, access trains stopping at its platforms, the location of a metro station is carefully planned to provide easy access to important urban facilities such as roads, commercial centers, major buildings and other transport nodes. Most stations are located underground, with entrances/exits leading up to ground or street level, the bulk of the station typically positioned under land reserved for public thoroughfares or parks. This is especially important where the station is serving high-density urban precincts, in other cases, a station may be elevated above a road, or at ground level depending on the level of the train tracks. The physical, visual and economic impact of the station and its operations will be greater, planners will often take metro lines or parts of lines at or above ground where urban density decreases, extending the system further for less cost. Metros are most commonly used in cities, with great populations. Alternatively, a railway land corridor is re-purposed for rapid transit. At street level the logo of the company marks the entrances/exits of the station. Usually, signage shows the name of the station and describes the facilities of the station, often there are several entrances for one station, saving pedestrians from needing to cross a street and reducing crowding. A metro station typically provides ticket vending and ticket validating systems, the station is divided into an unpaid zone connected to the street, and a paid zone connected to the train platforms. The ticket barrier allows passengers with tickets to pass between these zones. The barrier may operated by staff or more typically with automated turnstiles or gates that open when a pass is scanned or detected. Some small metro systems dispense with paid zones and validate tickets with staff in the train carriages, access from the street to ticketing and the train platform is provided by stairs, concourses, escalators, elevators and tunnels. The station will be designed to minimise overcrowding and improve flow, permanent or temporary barriers may be used to manage crowds. Some metro stations have connections to important nearby buildings. Most jurisdictions mandate that people with disabilities must have unassisted use of the station and this is resolved with elevators, taking a number of people from street level to the unpaid ticketing area, and then from the paid area to the platform. In addition, there will be stringent requirements for emergencies, with lighting, emergency exits. Stations are a part of the evacuation route for passengers escaping from a disabled or troubled train

23.
175th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)
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175th Street is a station on the IND Eighth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located in the neighborhood of Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan, at 175th Street and Fort Washington Avenue, the station opened on September 10,1932. It has two tracks and one platform, with single green columns in the center of the platform rather than the double columns found near the platform edges at other stations. The tilework in this station is plain, and the station lacks the maroon-colored tile bands that are present at adjacent stations along the line and it is linked by an underground tunnel to the George Washington Bridge Bus Station. This tunnel is closed at night between 1 a. m. and 5 a. m, the 174th Street Yard, used to store trains assigned to the C service, is adjacent to this station to the east. The station is planned to be rehabilitated as part of the 2015–2019 MTA Capital Program, the full-time exits are at 175th Street and 177th Street. The station is accessible, with an elevator at the northeast corner of 177th Street. The elevators were installed during a 1990s Americans with Disabilities Act renovation, exits at the northwest, northeast, and southwest corners of Fort Washington Avenue and 177th Street. The northwest corner has two stairs, the southwest corner has one stair, and the northeast corner has one stair, exits at the southwest and southeast corners of Fort Washington Avenue and 175th Street. The station and the nearby George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal are served by ten local MTA Regional Bus Operations routes and various interstate bus routes

24.
Island platform
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An island platform is a station layout arrangement where a single platform is positioned between two tracks within a railway station, tram stop or transitway interchange. Island platforms are popular on twin-track routes due to pragmatic and cost-effective reasons, an alternative arrangement is to position side platforms on either side of the tracks. The historical use of island platforms depends greatly upon the location, the island platform layout is a popular, cost-effective and practical solution in modern railway systems. Island platforms allow facilities such as escalators, elevators, shops, toilets and this is essential for wheelchair accessible stations. An island platform makes it easier for users and the infirm to change services between tracks. Additionally, an island platform layout eliminates the need to construct a crossover or subway between two platforms, however, island platforms may become overcrowded, especially at busy stations, and this can lead to safety issues such as Clapham Common and Angel on the London Underground. However, for the tracks to diverge around the platform, extra width is required along the right-of-way on each approach to the station. Track centers vary for rail systems throughout the world but are normally 3 to 5 meters, if the island platform is 6 meters wide, the tracks have to slew out by the same distance. While this is not a problem on a new line that is being constructed, in addition, a single island platform makes it quite difficult to have through tracks, which are usually between the local tracks. A common configuration in busy locations on high speed lines is a pair of island platforms, high-speed trains can therefore pass straight through the station, while slow trains pass around the platforms. This arrangement also allows the station to serve as a point where trains can be passed by faster trains. The purpose of this design was to reduce unnecessary passenger congestion at a station with a high volume of passengers. Many of the stations on the Great Central Railway were constructed in this form and this was because the line was planned to connect to a Channel Tunnel. Island platforms are a normal sight on Indian railway stations. Almost all railway stations in India consist of island platforms, in Toronto,29 subway stations use island platforms. A slight disadvantage is that crossovers have to be rather long, in southern New Jersey and Philadelphia, PATCO uses island platforms in all of its 13 stations, to facilitate one-person train operation. Most elevated stations in Singapores Mass Rapid Transit system use island platforms, the exception is Dover MRT Station, which uses side platforms as it is built on an existing rail line. The planned Canberra MRT Station will also use side platforms, as it also be built on an existing rail line

25.
Euclid Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)
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Euclid Avenue is an express station on the IND Fulton Street Line of the New York City Subway, located at the intersection of Euclid and Pitkin Avenues in East New York, Brooklyn. It is served by the A train at all times and is the terminal for the C train at all times except nights. During nights, this is the terminal for the Lefferts Boulevard shuttle from Ozone Park. Euclid Avenue was part of an extension of the Fulton Street subway along Pitkin Avenue. Construction of the station was halted in December 1942, and the station remained a shell during World War II that could not be finished because of material shortages from the war effort. At the time, the station was over 95 percent complete, construction resumed on the extension in November 1946. The station also featured modern interlocking technology, known as the NX system, after several test runs, the station opened to the public in the early morning of November 28,1948. It became the new terminal of the Fulton Street Line, replacing the terminal at Broadway–East New York. In the mid-2000s, an elevator to the street and elevators between the mezzanine and each platform were installed, making the station ADA-accessible and this station has four tracks and two island platforms, and is the geographically easternmost express station on the IND Fulton Street Line. It has the same 10 ×5 eggshell-beige wall tile as the three stations west, in contrast to typical IND white square tiles. The tile band, however, is a shade of lilac with a violet border. The I-beams are tiled with color bands and mini-vertical name tablets reading Euclid, the I-beams are in pairs at the center of the platforms, towards each end the platforms narrow and there is a single row of these I-beams. A crew quarters room is over the south end of both platforms. The station has a crossover in the mezzanine along with an active newsstand, the station has a control tower at the eastern end of the southbound platform, which monitors trains between Broadway Junction and the station, and controls the interlockings east of Euclid Avenue. The tower was the first in the system to use the NX or Entrance-Exit system. In this system, the tower utilizes a 12-foot wide,3. 3-foot tall electric light signal board which features a diagram of the nearby stations, stairways are present from each platform to the mezzanine above the tracks. Fare control is located in the mezzanine, outside fare control is a street elevator leading to the northeast corner of Pitkin and Euclid Avenues. Street stairs also lead to all four corners of the intersection, the next station east for IND Fulton Street service is Grant Avenue, located in City Line, Brooklyn

26.
145th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)
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It is served by the A and D trains at all times, by the C train at all times except late nights, and by the B train on weekdays only. At this time, only the level of the station opened. When the IND Concourse Line opened for service on July 1,1933, the station is planned to be renovated starting in 2016, as part of the 2010–2014 MTA Capital Program. This is because of an MTA study conducted in 2015, which found that 45% of components were out of date, the upper level has four tracks and two island platforms. The band is gold with black border, the station had a full mezzanine, although the central portion is now used as a police precinct. The lower level has three tracks and two island platforms, the tile border here is gold with black and the name tablets are black with gold border. The northbound platform is twice as wide as the other three similarly-sized platforms, being 39 feet wide, so that the three trackways on the lower level line up directly with those above. Escalators lead up from level to the mezzanine, bypassing the upper-level platforms. The center track on the level is used to terminate B trains during middays and late evenings. During rush hours, this track is used by D trains that run express on the IND Concourse Line in the peak direction and this track is not used during weekends or late nights. On the upper level, just north of the station, there is a space next to the uptown local track that was a remnant of the construction of the subway. That open space is where the lower level tracks turn off to the IND Concourse Line, there is a hole in the floor that allows a view of the lower level. South of this station, through 135th Street, to just north of 125th Street, the express trains use the innermost pair of tracks, and the locals uses the outermost tracks. This section of the line is nicknamed Homeball Alley due to the amount of switches. The full-time entrance is at 145th Street with a north exit at 147th Street

27.
Side platform
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A side platform is a platform positioned to the side of a pair of tracks at a railway station, tram stop, or transitway. Dual side platform stations, one for direction of travel, is the basic station design used for double-track railway lines. Side platforms may result in a wider overall footprint for the station compared with a platform where a single width of platform can be shared by riders using either track. In some stations, the two platforms are connected by a footbridge running above and over the tracks. While a pair of platforms is often provided on a dual-track line. Where the station is close to a crossing the platforms may either be on the same side of the crossing road or alternatively may be staggered in one of two ways. With the near-side platforms configuration, each platform appears before the intersection, in some situations a single side platform can be served by multiple vehicles simultaneously with a scissors crossing provided to allow access mid-way along its length. Normally, the facilities of the station are located on the Up platform with the other platform accessed from a footbridge. However, in cases the stations main buildings are located on whichever side faces the town or village the station serves. Larger stations may have two platforms with several island platforms in between. Some are in a Spanish solution format, with two platforms and an island platform in between, serving two tracks

28.
Paid area
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In rail transport, the paid area is a dedicated inner zone in a railway station or metro station barriers, which visitor or passenger requires a valid ticket, checked smartcard or a pass to get in. A system using paid areas is often called fare control, passengers are allowed to enter or exit only through a faregate. Such design requires a well-organized railway station layout, the paid area is similar in concept to the airside at an airport. However, in most cases entrance to the area requires only a valid ticket or transit pass. The exception is in cases of international rail travel, where passengers must also pass through immigration control. Examples include the Eurostar international platforms at St, ] In some rapid transit systems, passengers are banned from eating or drinking inside the paid area of every station. These are generally available only at major stations, but other smaller stations occasionally grant platform tickets in exchange for a piece of identification. Turnstile MTR BY-LAWS by Hong Kong Regulations

29.
Mezzanine
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A mezzanine is an intermediate floor in a building which is partly open to the double-height ceilinged floor below. Mezzanines may serve a variety of functions. Industrial mezzanines, such as used in warehouses, may be temporary or semi-permanent structures. A mezzanine is a floor in a building which is open to the floor below. It is placed halfway up the wall on a floor which has a ceiling at least twice as high as a floor with minimum height, a mezzanine does not count as one of the floors in a building, and generally does not count in determining maximum floorspace. The International Building Code permits a mezzanine to have as much as one-third of the space of the floor below. Local building codes may vary somewhat from this standard, a space may have more than one mezzanine, as long as the sum total of floor space of all the mezzanines is not greater than one-third the floor space of the complete floor below. Mezzanines help to make a high-ceilinged space feel more personal and less vast, mezzanines, however, may have lower-than-normal ceilings due to their location. The term mezzanine does not imply a function, as mezzanines can be used for an array of purposes. Mezzanines are commonly used in Modern architecture, which places an emphasis on light. In industrial settings, mezzanines may be installed in high-ceilinged spaces such as warehouses and these semi-permanent structures are usually free-standing, can be dismantled and relocated, and are sold commercially. Industrial mezzanine structures can be supported by steel columns and elements. Depending on the span and the run of the mezzanine, different materials may be used for the mezzanines deck, some industrial mezzanines may also include enclosed, paneled office space on their upper levels. Reports suggest that the amount of steel required can be reduced by up to 35%, an architect is sometimes hired to help determine whether the floor of the building can support a mezzanine, and to design the appropriate mezzanine. Structural Wood Design, A Practice-Oriented Approach, the Architects Studio Companion, Rules of Thumb for Preliminary Design. Coates, Michael, Brooker, Graeme, Stone, Sally, the Visual Dictionary of Interior Architecture and Design. Buildings for Industrial Storage and Distribution, the Mingqi Pottery Buildings of Han Dynasty China,206 BC-AD220, Architectural Representations and Represented Architecture. Structure of the Ordinary, Form and Control in the Built Environment, harris, Cyril M. Illustrated Dictionary of Historic Architecture

30.
National Register of Historic Places
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The National Register of Historic Places is the United States federal governments official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966 established the National Register, of the more than one million properties on the National Register,80,000 are listed individually. The remainder are contributing resources within historic districts, each year approximately 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or by individual listings. For most of its history the National Register has been administered by the National Park Service and its goals are to help property owners and interest groups, such as the National Trust for Historic Preservation, coordinate, identify, and protect historic sites in the United States. While National Register listings are mostly symbolic, their recognition of significance provides some financial incentive to owners of listed properties, protection of the property is not guaranteed. During the nomination process, the property is evaluated in terms of the four criteria for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, the application of those criteria has been the subject of criticism by academics of history and preservation, as well as the public and politicians. Occasionally, historic sites outside the proper, but associated with the United States are also listed. Properties can be nominated in a variety of forms, including individual properties, historic districts, the Register categorizes general listings into one of five types of properties, district, site, structure, building, or object. National Register Historic Districts are defined geographical areas consisting of contributing and non-contributing properties, some properties are added automatically to the National Register when they become administered by the National Park Service. These include National Historic Landmarks, National Historic Sites, National Historical Parks, National Military Parks/Battlefields, National Memorials, on October 15,1966, the Historic Preservation Act created the National Register of Historic Places and the corresponding State Historic Preservation Offices. Initially, the National Register consisted of the National Historic Landmarks designated before the Registers creation, approval of the act, which was amended in 1980 and 1992, represented the first time the United States had a broad-based historic preservation policy. To administer the newly created National Register of Historic Places, the National Park Service of the U. S. Department of the Interior, hartzog, Jr. established an administrative division named the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. Hartzog charged OAHP with creating the National Register program mandated by the 1966 law, ernest Connally was the Offices first director. Within OAHP new divisions were created to deal with the National Register, the first official Keeper of the Register was William J. Murtagh, an architectural historian. During the Registers earliest years in the late 1960s and early 1970s, organization was lax and SHPOs were small, understaffed, and underfunded. A few years later in 1979, the NPS history programs affiliated with both the U. S. National Parks system and the National Register were categorized formally into two Assistant Directorates. Established were the Assistant Directorate for Archeology and Historic Preservation and the Assistant Directorate for Park Historic Preservation, from 1978 until 1981, the main agency for the National Register was the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service of the United States Department of the Interior. In February 1983, the two assistant directorates were merged to promote efficiency and recognize the interdependency of their programs, jerry L. Rogers was selected to direct this newly merged associate directorate

31.
Turnstile
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A turnstile, also called a baffle gate or turnstyle, is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. It can also be made so as to enforce one-way traffic of people, and in addition, it can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, a ticket, a pass, or similar. Turnstiles were originally used, like other forms of stile, to human beings to pass while keeping sheep or other livestock penned in. The use of turnstiles in most modern applications has been credited to Clarence Saunders, turnstiles are used at a wide variety of settings, including stadiums, amusement parks, mass transit stations, office lobbies, airports, ski resorts, and casinos. From a business/revenue standpoint, turnstiles give an accurate, verifiable count of attendance, from a security standpoint, they lead patrons to enter single-file, so security personnel have a clear view of each patron. This enables security to efficiently isolate potential trouble or to confiscate any prohibited materials, on the other hand, physical barriers become a serious safety issue when a speedy evacuation is needed, requiring emergency exits that bypass any turnstiles. Persons with disabilities may have difficulties using turnstiles, in these cases, generally a wide aisle gate or a manual gate may be provided. At some locations where luggage is expected, a line of turnstiles may be formed of wide aisle gates. Turnstiles often use ratchet mechanisms to allow the rotation of the stile in one direction allowing ingress, turnstiles are often used for counting the numbers of people passing through a gate, even when payment is not involved. They are used extensively in this manner in amusement parks, in order to track of how many people enter and exit the park. The first major use of turnstiles at a venue was at Hampden Park in Glasgow. A turnstile used in fairs, attractions, and arenas, sometimes also referred to as half-height turnstiles, this fixed arm style has traditionally been the most popular type of turnstile. There are many variations of this available, including one which is designed to be accompanied by a matching ticket box. Some styles are designed to allow entry only after a payment are inserted, a disadvantage to this type is people can jump the turnstile, as happens commonly on the Moscow Metro and other mass transport systems in Russia. Optical turnstiles are an alternative to the traditional arm-style turnstile and are used in locations where a physical barrier is deemed unnecessary or unaesthetic. Optical turnstiles generally use a beam to count patrons and recognize anyone attempting to enter a site without a valid entry pass. The drop arm optical turnstile is a combination of the security of a tripod or barrier turnstile, the lanes can have either single or double arms. When access is granted the arms drop into recesses in the cabinet, once the arms drop out of the way, the turnstile functions as a fully optical turnstile

32.
Mitchell Square Park
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Mitchel Square Park is a small urban park in the Washington Heights neighborhood of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is a two part, triangle shaped park formed by the intersection of Saint Nicholas Avenue, Broadway, the southern part of the park, enclosed by an iron fence, is a grassy area with benches and large outcroppings of Manhattan schist. The northern part features a World War I Memorial in the form of a sculpture by Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, there are three bronze figures, a wounded sailor is supported by a Marine, while an army private bends to talk to the wounded man. This monument received a 1923 medal from the New York Society of Architects as the most meritorious monument erected during the year. The figural group is mounted on a pedestal that reads, “Erected by the people of Washington Heights and Inwood in commemoration of the men who gave their lives in the World War. ”When it was erected, on Memorial Day, May 1922. The sculpture is surrounded by a fence and plantings, the park was previously named Audubon Square

33.
New York City Transit
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The New York City Transit Authority is a public authority in the U. S. state of New York that operates public transportation in New York City. Part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, the busiest and largest transit system in North America, the NYCTA operates the following systems, New York City Subway, a rapid transit system in Manhattan, The Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens. Staten Island Railway, a transit line in Staten Island New York City Bus. As part of establishing a common identity, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1994 assigned popular names to each of its subsidiaries and affiliates. The New York City Transit Authority is now known popularly as MTA New York City Transit, newer contracts and RFPs, however, have also used the popular name. The Authority is also referred to as NYCT, or simply the TA. The Executive Director of the MTA is, ex officio, Executive Director of the Transit Authority, the Transit Authority has its own management structure which is responsible for its day-to-day operations, with executive personnel reporting to the agency president. Veronique “Ronnie” Hakim is the current President of New York City Transit, the subway system today is composed of what once were three separate systems in competition with one another. Two of them were built and operated by companies, August Belmonts Interborough Rapid Transit Company. The third, the public Independent Subway System was owned and operated by the City of New York. The IRT and BMT systems were acquired by the city on June 1,1940 for $317,000,000, the buses on Staten Island had been operated by a private company operating under a franchise that expired in 1946. When it became known that the company would not renew its franchise and this group ran into financial difficulties and the city took over the company on February 23,1947. The city then controlled all of the bus routes on Staten Island, on March 30,1947, the City took over the bus lines of the North Shore Bus Company, which comprised half of the privately owned lines in Queens, after that company went into financial troubles. On September 24,1948, the City acquired five bus lines in Manhattan for similar reasons, factories began to work around the clock, and therefore business boomed. Transit repairs were kept at a minimum as basic materials were in supply for civilian use. Operating revenues were raised and maintenance costs were reduced, but as a result, the future problems of deferred maintenance and falling ridership. In 1946, costs rose and profits turned to losses, and to obtain needed funds, the fare was raised in 1948 to ten cents on the subways and elevated and this increase only produced a revenue surplus for a single year. In 1951 a uniform ten-cent fare was established on both the transit and surface lines

The early 1970s livery, using a blue base. This bus is operating in special holiday service in 2008.

A typical vehicle, an MCI cruiser, used in express bus service. This example wears the livery used from 1977 until 2016.

An MTA articulated New Flyer Xcelsior XN60 articulated bus in the current livery, introduced in spring 2016. With the new livery, there is no longer any distinction between New York City Bus and MTA Bus discernible to the general public except for the garage sticker.