Drag the edges of the image around until it looks right. The lines are very important, use them to help keep it realistic. Ctrl-R will also give you a ruler which you can then drag to wherever you need (eg to align a horizon).

Ctrl-H to hide any lines to check your work

Click the tick at the top when you’re happy

I tried using Warp on this image but found it looked better without it, Photoshop had done a reasonable job on its own and my skill levels aren’t up to making it better.

Optional – if you know you’ll want to crop regardless, crop here. It’ll save time rather than having PS fill empty areas you’re only going to cut away anyway.

Then use content-aware fill to cover any gaps:

Hold down Ctrl/Cmd and click in the thumbnail of the new layer. This will select the area with pixels

Select -> Inverse, or Ctrl-Shift-I/Cmd-Shift-I

Edit -> Fill, or Shift-F5, then select Content Aware and OK

Wait for magic to happen!

Ctrl-D/Cmd-D to remove selection outline

It’s not perfect, and with this image I still cropped a bit, especially to the left as there was unnecessary space there anyway, but it meant I was able to keep the silhouette of the fern which I really liked (mind you, had I realised the fern was there when I was taking the panorama in the first place, I would have taken more photos to the right to capture it. It was very dark though!).

I was very excited to see how the panorama would turn out, so I’ve only done the barest of post-processing on this image and I’m not entirely happy with it yet (a bit green perhaps?). I’ll write-up more on capturing this panorama in another post.