Defeat of King Og

3

When we headed up the road to Bashan, King Og of Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, for battle at Edrei.2The L
ord said to me, “Do not fear him, for I have handed him over to you, along with his people and his land. Do to him as you did to King Sihon of the Amorites, who reigned
in Heshbon.”3So the L
ord our God also handed over to us King Og of Bashan and all his people. We struck him down until not a single survivor was left.4At that time we captured all his towns; there was no citadel that we did not take from them—sixty towns, the whole region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.5All these were fortress towns with high walls, double gates, and bars, besides a great many villages.6And we utterly destroyed them, as we had done to King Sihon of Heshbon, in each city utterly destroying men, women, and children.7But all the livestock and the plunder of the towns we kept as spoil for ourselves.

8 So at that time we took from the two kings of the Amorites the land beyond the Jordan, from the Wadi Arnon to Mount Hermon9(the Sidonians call Hermon Sirion, while the Amorites call it Senir),10all the towns of the tableland, the whole of Gilead, and all of Bashan, as far as Salecah and Edrei, towns of Og’s kingdom in Bashan.11(Now only King Og of Bashan was left of the remnant of the Rephaim. In fact his bed, an iron bed, can still be seen in Rabbah of the Ammonites. By the common cubit it
is nine cubits long and four cubits wide.)12As for the land that we took possession of at that time, I gave to the Reubenites and Gadites the territory north of Aroer, that is on the edge of the Wadi Arnon, as
well as half the hill country of Gilead with its towns,13and I gave to the half-tribe of Manasseh the rest of Gilead and all of Bashan, Og’s kingdom. (The whole region of Argob: all that portion of Bashan used to be called
a land of Rephaim;14Jair the Manassite acquired the whole region of Argob as far as the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and he named them—that is, Bashan—after himself,
Havvoth-jair, as it is to this day.)15To Machir I gave Gilead.16And to the Reubenites and the Gadites I gave the territory from Gilead as far as the Wadi Arnon, with the middle of the wadi as a boundary, and up to the Jabbok, the
wadi being boundary of the Ammonites;17the Arabah also, with the Jordan and its banks, from Chinnereth down to the sea of the Arabah, the Dead Sea, with the lower slopes of Pisgah on the east.

18 At that time, I charged you as follows: “Although the L
ord your God has given you this land to occupy, all your troops shall cross over armed as the vanguard of your Israelite kin.19Only your wives, your children, and your livestock—I know that you have much livestock—shall stay behind in the towns that I have given to you.20When the L
ord gives rest to your kindred, as to you, and they too have occupied the land that the L
ord your God is giving them beyond the Jordan, then each of you may return to the property that I have given to you.”21And I charged Joshua as well at that time, saying: “Your own eyes have seen everything that the L
ord your God has done to these two kings; so the L
ord will do to all the kingdoms into which you are about to cross.22Do not fear them, for it is the L
ord your God who fights for you.”

Moses Views Canaan from Pisgah

23 At that time, too, I entreated the L
ord, saying:24“O Lord G
od, you have only begun to show your servant your greatness and your might; what god in heaven or on earth can perform deeds and mighty acts like yours!25Let me cross over to see the good land beyond the Jordan, that good hill country and the Lebanon.”26But the L
ord was angry with me on your account and would not heed me. The L
ord said to me, “Enough from you! Never speak to me of this matter again!27Go up to the top of Pisgah and look around you to the west, to the north, to the south, and to the east. Look well, for you shall not cross over this Jordan.28But charge Joshua, and encourage and strengthen him, because it is he who shall cross over at the head of this people and who shall secure their possession of the
land that you will see.”29So we remained in the valley opposite Beth-peor.

New Revised Standard Version Bible, copyright 1989, Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America. Used by
permission. All rights reserved.

4.And we took all the cities. He here more fully relates what He had brieflytouched upon in Numbers. He says that sixty, well-fortified cities were taken, besides the villages. Hence we infer both the extent of the country, and also
the special power of God in the aid He afforded them, in that they took, in so short a time, so many cities well closed in, and begirt with high walls; as if they were merely travelling, through a peaceful land in security, and with nothing to do.

After the eighth verse, lie repeats connectedly what he had separately related respecting the two kingdoms; and in order that the places might be more certainly identified, he mentions two other names for mount Hermon, stating that it was called Sirion by the Sidonians, and Shenir by the Amorites. Finally, he adds that Og, king of Bashan, was a giant, and the only survivorof that race. As a memorialof his lofty stature, he alleges his iron
bedstead, the length of which was as much as nine cubits, according to the common measure of that period. By this circumstance he again magnifies the marvellous help of God, in that he was overcome by the children of Israel, who might, by his stature, have singly terrified a whole army.

The enormous stature of the giants is apparent from this passage. Herodotus records,
136136 Herod, Clio, Section 68.
that the body of Orestes, disinterred by command of the oracle, was seven cubits in length. Pliny,
137137 Pliny, 7:16.
although he does not cite his authority, subscribes to this testimony. Gellius
138138 Gellius, lib. 3:10.
thinks that this was fabulous, as also what Homer
139139 Homer, I1. lib. 12:381-3, 446-9; lib. 20:286, 7.
writes with respect to the diminution of men’s height in process of time; but his erroneous view is confuted by almost universal consent. What Pliny
140140 Pliny, lib. 7:16.
himself relates is indeed incredible, that in Crete a body was discovered, by an opening of the earth, forty-six cubits long, which some thought to be the body of Orion, and others of Etion. But if we believe that there were giants, (which is not only affirmd by the sacred Scriptures, but also recorded by almost all ancient writers,) we need not be surprised if they were more than eight cubits in height. Although, however, the race of giants began to disappear in the time of Moses,
still, in after ages, there existed persons who approached to this ancient stature,
141141Fr. “Comme sous l’empire d’Auguste il y avoit un homme haut de dix pieds, et sous l’empire de Claude un un peu moindre;” as under the empire of Augustus there was a man ten feet high, and, under that of Claudius, one somewhat shorter. Pliny, loc. cit., records the exhibition at Rome, by the Emperor Claudius, of an Arab named Gabbara, whose height was nine feet nine inches; and adds, that in the reign of Augustus, there lived
two persons, Posio and Secundilla, who were half a foot higher than Gabbara, and who, on account of their wonderful size, were buried in the cemetery of the Sallustian gardens.
as in the time of Augustus and Claudius there was one man about ten feet in height, and another nine feet nine inches. Moses, therefore, intimates nothing more than that this monstrous race of men gradually died out, so that the enormous height of Og, king of Bashan, was an unusual sight.

141
Fr. “Comme sous l’empire d’Auguste il y avoit un homme haut de dix pieds, et sous l’empire de Claude un un peu moindre;” as under the empire of Augustus there was a man ten feet high, and, under that of Claudius, one somewhat shorter. Pliny, loc. cit., records the exhibition at Rome, by the Emperor Claudius, of an Arab named Gabbara, whose height was nine feet nine inches; and adds, that in the reign of Augustus, there lived two persons, Posio and Secundilla, who were half a foot higher than Gabbara, and who, on account of their wonderful size, were buried in the cemetery of the Sallustian gardens.