4 4. Explain two advantages of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. 5. What are the three pathways for complement activation? Which are specific? 6. What are the four actions of complement system 23.4 Humoral Immunity 1. Explain the basic structure of an antibody (CD exercise). 1) Antibodies can be found on the plasma membrane of (where they act as antigen receptors) or free in the extracellular fluid, here they are known as. 2) Antibodies consist of two types of polypeptide chains: Two chains located on the inside of the Y-shaped molecule. Two chains located on the outside of the Y- shaped molecule. The chains are held together by bonds. Each chain has a region which is unique for each antigen and a region which is the same for each antibody in a given class of antibodies. 3) Each arm of the Y-shaped antibody has identical sites. The shape of these sites must match the shape of the on the antigen in order to bind. 4) List the five classes of antibodies: and 2. (T/F) Antibodies are classified based on their functions and type of heavy chains. 3. Matching (CD Ex) Feature 4 Antibody i. Involved in allergy and body infested with parasitic worms IgM ii. These are dimers and are found in tears, sweat, saliva and breast milk iii. Antigen receptor on B cells iv. This pentamer antibody is secreted in response to a new antigen (primary response) v. The major class produced in secondary response, provide passive immunity to the fetus and new born IgD IgG IgE IgA 4. List and explain five the antibody-mediated mechanisms of antigen disposal (use IgG as an example (Figure 23.16)).

6 5. From your interactive CD exercise: 1) Complete the table (Figure page 689). Class I MHC Protein Displayed by Class II MHC Protein Recognized by Source of foreign antigen Displayed foreign antigens meant 2) The first exposure to an antigen is called. As a result, IgE antibodies are present on and. During the second exposure, the allergen causes the release of and other inflammatory mediators. 3) As a result of the actions of the chemical released, the affected person gets a runny nose (due to ) and has difficulty breathing (due to ). are drugs that bind and block histamine receptors, thus alleviating the allergy symptoms. 4) Allergic reactions to peanuts can be very serious, causing a systemic allergic reaction known as. 5) Humoral immunity can be acquired either actively or passively. Define each and give an example of the naturally and artificially acquired forms. 6) Active Immunity: a. Naturally acquired: b. Artificially acquired: 7) Passive Immunity: a. Naturally acquired: b. Artificially acquired: 8) proteins are matched as close as possible to decrease the chance of organ rejection. 6

Chapter 24 The Immune System The Immune System Layered defense system The skin and chemical barriers The innate and adaptive immune systems Immunity The body s ability to recognize and destroy specific

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Outline PART 1: INNATE DEFENSES 21.1 Surface barriers act as the first line of defense to keep invaders out of the body (pp. 772 773; Fig. 21.1; Table

The Immune System by Dr. Carmen Rexach Physiology Mt San Antonio College What is the immune system? defense system found in vertebrates Two categories Nonspecific specific provides protection from pathogens

MCMP422 Immunology and Biologics Immunology is important personally and professionally! Learn the language - use the glossary and index RNR - Reading, Note taking, Reviewing All materials in Chapters 1-3

Chapter 40 Section 2 The Immune System Science Standard 10a What is the role of the skin in providing nonspecific defenses against infection? What is the function of the immune system? The immune system

Name: AP Biology Mr. Croft Chapter 35 Active Reading Guide The Immune System Section 1 Phagocytosis plays an important role in the immune systems of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Review the process

THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Chapter 43 IMMUNITY INNATE IMMUNITY EXAMPLE IN INSECTS Exoskeleton made of chitin forms the first barrier to pathogens Digestive system is protected by a chitin-based barrier and lysozyme,

active immunity agglutination allografts immunity produced by an encounter with an antigen; provides immunologic memory. clumping of (foreign) cells; induced by crosslinking of antigenantibody complexes.

CHAPTER 16 THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? The adaptive immune system protects us from many infections The adaptive immune system has memory so we are not infected by the same pathogen

Chapter 15 Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization Adaptive Immunity: The third line of defense Third line of defense acquired and specific. Dual System of B and T lymphocytes- Immunocompetence Antigen

The Immune System Biological mechanisms that defend an organism must be 1. triggered by a stimulus upon injury or pathogen attack 2. able to counteract the injury or invasion 3. able to recognise foreign

Immune System Notes I. The immune system consists of innate and acquired immunity. A. An animal must defend itself against unwelcome intruders the many potentially dangerous viruses, bacteria, and other

Chapter 15 Adaptive, Specific Immunity and Immunization* *Lecture notes are to be used as a study guide only and do not represent the comprehensive information you will need to know for the exams. Specific

MONTGOMERY COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Department of Science LECTURE OUTLINE CHAPTERS 16, 17, 18 AND 19 CHAPTER 16: NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES OF THE HOST I. THE FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE A. Mechanical Barriers (Physical

Chapter 38- Immune System First Line of Defense: Barriers Nonspecific defenses, such as the skin and mucous membranes, are barriers to potential pathogens. In addition to being a physical barrier to pathogens,

I. Critical Vocabulary A. Immune System: a set of glands, tissues, cells, and dissolved proteins that combine to defend against non-self entities B. Antigen: any non-self chemical that triggers an immune

Immunity Overview Barriers help animals defend against many dangerous pathogens they encounter. The immune system recognizes foreign bodies and responds with the production of immune cells and proteins.

Overview of the Lymphoid System The Lymphoid System Protects us against disease Lymphoid system cells respond to Environmental pathogens Toxins Abnormal body cells, such as cancers Overview of the Lymphoid

Immunity Overview Barriers help animals defend against many dangerous pathogens they encounter. The immune system recognizes foreign bodies and responds with the production of immune cells and proteins.

Questions Made by SI ATTENDEES!! :) Page 1 of 6 Student-Made Practice Exam Activity All questions, answers, and slide numbers are based off of Monday s SI activity, where students/attendees created possible

Slide 1 IMMUNOLOGY AND THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF INFECTION Pharmacotherapy of Infectious Diseases 5214 Slide 2 IMMUNE SYSTEM A network of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect the body against

Physiology Unit 3 THE SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE The Adap4ve Arm of the Immune System Specific Immune Response Internal defense against a specific pathogen Acquired as you are exposed to diseases The immune

The Immune System Reading Guide (Chapter 43) Name Per 1. The immune response in animals can be divided into innate immunity and adaptive immunity. As an overview, complete this figure indicating the divisions

Introduction to Immune System Learning outcome You will be able to understand, at a fundamental level, the STRUCTURES and FUNCTIONS of cell surface and soluble molecules involved in recognition of foreign

Name Period Chapter 24: The Immune System Guided Reading Activities Big idea: Innate immunity Answer the following questions as you read modules 24.1 24.2: 1. Bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms

By Prof. Ibtesam Kamel Afifi Professor of Medical Microbiology & Immunology Lecture objectives: At the end of the lecture you should be able to: Enumerate features that characterize acquired immune response

Chapter 43 Overview: Reconnaissance, Recognition, and Response The Immune System Barriers help an animal to defend itself from the many dangerous pathogens it may encounter The immune system recognizes

The Adaptive Immune Responses The two arms of the immune responses are; 1) the cell mediated, and 2) the humoral responses. In this chapter we will discuss the two responses in detail and we will start

Lymphatic System I. Non-specific Defenses The immune system is a body wide network of cells and organs that have evolved to defend the body against attacks by invaders. The targets of the immune defenses

Chapter 43 THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Disease-causing microorganisms are called pathogens. They include bacteria, viruses, protozoans and fungi. Immunology is the study of specific defense mechanisms. Two major

Chapter 39 Immunity I. Three Lines of Defense A. Surface Barriers to Invasion 1. is an important barrier. 2. The normal of the gut, and vagina keep the growth of pathogens in check. 3. in the respiratory

MICR2209 Adaptive Immunity: Humoral Immune Responses Dr Allison Imrie 1 Synopsis: In this lecture we will review the different mechanisms which constitute the humoral immune response, and examine the antibody

Immune System Chapter 40 Germ Theory of Disease Idea that microorganisms can cause infectious disease. Disease: any change that disrupts normal body function. What are the 5 main agents that cause disease?

~ons~ecific Bod~ Defenses and Immunity The human body continually attempts to maintain homeostasis by counteracting harmful or disease-producing organisms called pathoqens or the toxins they produce. The