Dry Eye / Ocular Surface Disease

It’s been estimated that over 50% of adults in America have some symptoms of dryness or irritation to the eyes. The root of the problem can be seen in a group of conditions known collectively as ocular surface disease (OSD). There are 3 main components to OSD: dry eye syndrome, blepharitis, and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Dry Eye Syndrome (DES): A condition that affects the surface of the eye because of either a low amount of tear production, or tears that evaporate too quickly off the eye. Dry eye conditions may be caused by the normal aging process, environmental factors, medications, disease, and poor blinking habits. Some tasks, such as prolonged computer use, reading, or driving can make the condition worse. Diseases such as arthritis and Sjogren’s Syndrome can also cause dry eye symptoms. Treatments may include artificial tear supplements, drugs such as restasis, and omega 3 fish oil supplements. In more moderate to severe cases, we can use special “tear saver plugs” to block the flow of tears away from the eye.

Blepharitis: A condition that can be caused by bacteria on the surface of the eyelids and lashes. This may cause chronic infection and inflammation to the lids and surface of the eye. Treatments generally start with eyewashes to clean the skin surface of bacteria and other debris, and may include prescription drops or ointments.

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD): A condition affecting the oil secreting glands of the upper and lower eyelids. The outer layer of the tear film consists of lipids, or oils, that help to reduce the evaporation of the tears off the eye. A deficiency in these glands will cause a decrease in the necessary secretions, and can be a result of infection or inflammation. Treatments generally include hot compresses, massage to express the glands, and lid washes. We may also use prescription medications, and studies are beginning to show the benefits of using omega 3 fish oil supplements.