James Ford Rhodes (18481927). History of the Civil War, 18611865 1917.

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a sufficient warning, and that they would be found intrenched to the eyes and ready for an attack; he accordingly advised that the Confederate Army be withdrawn to Corinth. Two of the corps commanders differed with him and Johnston closed the discussion with: We shall attack at daylight to-morrow. I would fight them if they were a million.1 Even if Sherman had realized that Johnston was in command, he, like Grant, would have had no idea of the desperate energy that was pushing him forward.

An incident will show the proximity of the armies. Hearing the drum-beat at the hour of tattoo, Beauregard ordered it suppressed when, after investigation, his staff officer informed him that the drumming was in the Union camp.2

After the downpour of Friday and that midnights violent storm, the sun rose on Sunday in a cloudless sky. From student to student of military campaigns went the word, the sun of Austerlitz. Johnston in the bracing air shared the exultation, declaring, To-night we will water our horses in the Tennessee river.3 Better informed than Grant and Sherman, he knew the exact position of the Union Army and planned to turn their left, cut off their retreat to the Tennessee river and compel their surrender. While taking his coffee at 5:14, he heard the first gun, the prelude to a vigorous attack that surprised Grant, Sherman and nearly all their officers and men. A major of an Ohio regiment was still in bed; officers servants and company cooks were preparing breakfast; at least one sutler had opened his shop; the sentinels were pacing their beats, the details for brigade guard and fatigue duty were marching to their posts.4 All