Notes

attentional blink

Global Workspace Dynamics

TMS-EEG may become the first practical, minimally invasive measure of causal connectivity in cortex. It has been shown to differentiate between conscious waking vs. sleep and coma, and to distinguish behavioral coma from true coma

Cortical regions are mirrored in major thalamic nuclei, most of which are also layered arrays. Sherman and Guillery (2011) note that “any new information reaching a cortical area… benefits from a thalamic region.” Thalamic nuclei do not communicate with each other directly, but only by way of cortical synapses.

Cortico-thalamic arrays are mutually linked via spatially consistent “labeled lines.” For example, the small foveal center of each retina subtends only 2–4° of visual arc, with about one million densely packed cones and rods. Foveal patches can be roughly considered to be 1000 × 1000 arrays of light receptors that are echoed point-to-point in retinal ganglion cells, whose axons make up the optic nerve. Ganglion cells are mirrored in the visual thalamus (LGN), which transmit signals point-to-point to V1.

On the motor side there is extensive evidence for trainable voluntary control over single motor units and more recently, for voluntary control of single cortical neurons (Cerf et al., 2010).

Phase-locking is measured by lagged correlated activity among widely dispersed electrodes, and is believed to represent signaling among the cortical arrays being recorded. In this case the signal is measured in the low gamma band, 35–58 Hz, but strikingly similar findings are common from <1 to 200 Hz. Delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma phase coupling are commonly reported for a variety of tasks. This very wide band of apparently functional signaling is being studied intensively.

Cross-Frequency Phase–Phase Coupling between Theta and Gamma Oscillations in the Hippocampus

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/32/2/423.full.pdf
*Asymmetry of theta waves
Theta oscillations in the LFP are usually studied after bandpass
filtering between 4 and 12 Hz, generating a largely sinusoidal
signal. However, the hippocampal theta rhythm deviates signifi-
cantly from a harmonic (sinusoidal) oscillation. Theta waves are
asymmetric with an inverse saw-tooth appearance in the CA1
region

*Spikes that occur on the
ascending part of the theta cycle represent
largely the early part of the place field. The
spike density showed a skewed phase dis-
tribution relative to the phase of the CA1
LFP

Stress in body and stress production - influence on higher brain function

Model of system

Triggers

When stress production is to high trigger lower activation of whole system to protect it. Unfortunately, it also turning down all higher brain function and as conseqence of it is much harder to do something about emotion or stress cause.

second picture shows minimal ATT to automaticly shutdown the emotion of specific N/MIN

Amplyfication of stress production

set to 45%

range about 25-1220%

Emotion scan

last scan with some notes

2 clolors = 2scans

20.12 00:00

emotion scan + top-down modulation

probing belief system

Belief system - emotions

i start with 4 categories

personal experience

expectation

belief

extrenal info

only very small part of belief system is based on actual experience not mentionthe fact that the actual experiences is also interpereted by using this system

witch new techniqe is possible found experience causing emotion but also experience and other stuff witch make belief system.

in the end i get to personal experience or extrenal info

in case of extrenal info is good idea look for the source and credibility and also credibility value of info.

the main problem is that the data is not updated there should be belief like : parents always says truth is based on experinece and other

beliefs when we was only a few years old

if we consciously open that “belief”(or other 3cat) there shoud be reconsolidation based on actual reality model ,

somtimes is automatic sometimes need will becouse beliefe is so strong or is it set to 100% and dout allow change.

we need update all levels of belief its not automatic but is possible to automatize it.

the connection from belief must be actiavted co certain level to be updated subconsciously(VLPFC) and even higher level co consciously (DLPFC)

its possible to make codelet/script witch actovte all connection of that belief to enought activity and update them, but is be good add parametr how many levels can change or how many resources/priority program gets.If we dout do that it can cause problems like lowering other function nad sensory preception(chnges are computationally/attention expensive ).

setup priority save to long term memory , if it too low or to many other stuff it will work only a day (shortterm memory buffer)

Emotions as source of "illness"

ego

belief system

thoughts/stimulus

emotion

stress

muscle tone , cortisol…

lowering of local circulation

accumulation of matabolic waste

wakening of “place”

illness

Resources

Codelets

Codelets implement the specialized processors of global workspace theory. Codelets also correspond more or less to Jackson’s demons (1987), Minsky’s agents (1985), and Ornstein’s small minds (1986). Edelman’s neuronal groups (1987) may well implement some codelets in the brain.
Codelets come in a number of varieties each with different functions to perform, as we will see.

Perceptual codelets

Behavior codelets

Attention codelets

The task of attention codelets is to bring content to consciousness. In humans, this content may include constructed sensory images, feelings, emotions, memories, intuitions, ideas, desires, goals, etc

“Specialized feature detectors (perception codelets ) Those that find features (bits of meaning, single chunks) relevant to their specialty activate appropriate nodes in perceptual memory.
The decision as to which interpretations (recognitions, categorizations, ideas, meanings) to assign is made by perceptual memory (PM). slipnet, an activation passing semantic net. The slipnet settles into the various interpretations, represented by its nodes .
Though interpretations are assigned during each cycle, the full meaning of a particular stimulus, say a sentence, may accumulate only over several cycles. The activation of nodes in PM decays, but it does so at such a rate that interpretations acquired during one cycle are still somewhat available during the next few cycles. “

Step 2

SAVE INTERPRETATION , CATEGORIZATION , DATA IN PRECONSCIOOUS BUFFERS

Step 3

sing the incoming percept and the residual contents of the preconscious buffers as cues, local associations are retrieved from Medium term memory and from Long term memory

Machine consciousness - projects

There are several serious, ongoing projects aimed a producing machine consciousness. One such, headed by Igor
Aleksander, is relatively far along, having produced a working system, MAGNUS, using neural modeling that’s arguably
capable of imagination (2000). A second such is my own IDA project to be described in some detail below. IDA is currently
up and running, and exhibiting functional consciousness. A third such project, conceived by Rodney Cotterill and also based
on neural modeling, aims at developing machine consciousness in a manner analogous to the way a human child develops An
early version is being demonstrated (Cotterill 2001). For a fourth, Owen Holland and Rodney Goodman have embarked on a
bottom up approach of add additional capabilities to a robotic system until it shows signs of consciousness REF. A fifth, due
to Lee McCauley, builds consciousness into a neural schema system REF.

IDA model

IDA (Intelligent Distribution Agent) is a “conscious” software agent that was developed for the US Navy

Global Workspace Theory

In his global workspace theory, Baars, along with many others (e.g. (Minsky 1985, Ornstein 1986, Edelman 1987)) ,
postulates that human cognition is implemented by a multitude of relatively small, special purpose processes, almost always
unconscious. (It's a multiagent system.) Communication between them is rare and over a narrow bandwidth. Coalitions of
such processes find their way into a global workspace (and into consciousness). This limited capacity workspace serves to
broadcast the message of the coalition to all the unconscious processors, in order to recruit other processors to join in
handling the current novel situation, or in solving the current problem. Thus consciousness in this theory allows us to deal
with novel or problematic situations that can’t be dealt with efficiently, or at all, by habituated unconscious processes. In
particular, it provides access to appropriately useful resources, thereby solving the relevance problem.
This theory offers an explanation for consciousness being serial in nature rather than parallel as is common in the rest of
the nervous system. Messages broadcast in parallel would tend to overwrite one another making understanding difficult. It
similarly explains the limited capacity of consciousness as opposed to the huge capacity typical of long-term memory and
other parts of the nervous system. Large messages would be overwhelming to small, special-purpose processors.
All this activity of processors takes place under the auspices of contexts (see Figure 1): goal contexts, perceptual
contexts, conceptual contexts, and/or cultural contexts. Baars uses goal hierarchies, dominant goal contexts, a dominant goal
hierarchy, dominant context hierarchies, and lower level context hierarchies. Each context is, itself, a coalition of processes.
Though contexts are typically unconscious, they strongly influence conscious processes. A key insight of global workspace
says that each context is, in fact, a coalition of processors.
Baars postulates that learning results simply from conscious attention, that is, that consciousness is sufficient for
learning. There's much more to global workspace theory, including attention, action selection, emotion, voluntary action,
metacognition and a sense of self. I think of it as a high level theory of cognition