The cloud services market is highly competitive but also characterised by low margins which lead to a changing providers’ landscape. For example, Colt, a pan-European carrier, and HPE, a large international IT services provider, will discontinue their respective cloud services (Colt Ceano and HP Helion Public Cloud). Another large international carrier, Verizon, will reorient its cloud strategy and in effect reduce it, after announcing during 2016 they would sell many of their cloud Terremark DCs (Data Centres). On the other hand, a US operator, CenturyLink, is trying to expand its cloud services geographically, e.g. to Europe. Furthermore, two German carriers, especially Deutsche Telekom but also Vodafone Germany, have clearly been developing their own cloud services (working with Cisco and Huawei for Deutsche Telekom and with Virtustream – a Dell EMC company – for Vodafone). Overall, the most important cloud services providers remain by far AWS (Amazon Web Services) and MS (Microsoft) Azure.