I do not forget the position, assumed by some, that Constitutionalquestions are to be decided by the Supreme Court; nor do I denythat such decisions must be binding, in any case, upon the partiesto a suit, as to the object of that suit, while they are also entitledto very high respect and consideration in all parallel cases by all otherdepartments of the government.

And while it is obviously possible thatsuch decision may be erroneous in any given case, still the evil effectfollowing it, being limited to that particular case, with the chance thatit may be overruled and never become a precedent for other cases,can better be borne than could the evils of a different practice. At the same time, the candid citizen must confess that if the policyof the government, upon vital questions affecting the whole people,is to be irrevocably fixed by decisions of the Supreme Court,the instant they are made, in ordinary litigation between partiesin personal actions, the people will have ceased to be their own rulers,having to that extent practically resigned their government into the handsof that eminent tribunal. Nor is there in this view any assault uponthe court or the judges. It is a duty from which they may not shrinkto decide cases properly brought before them, and it is no fault oftheirs if others seek to turn their decisions to political purposes.

(such decisions must be binding, in any case, upon the partiesto a suit, as to the object of that suit ------ being limited to that particular case

=================================================I therefore consider that, in view of the Constitution and the laws,the Union is unbroken; and to the extent of my ability I shall take care,as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that thelaws of the Union be faithfully executed in all the States. (*The "laws of the Union" have been applied to all the States as evidenced by the Title 4 Flag flying over all Government property and by Law Enforcement Officers reading your Federal constitutional "civil rights" as opposed to any State constitutional "civil rights.")