Barnburners

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.

Copyright The Columbia University Press

Barnburners, radical element of the Democratic party in New York state from 1842 to 1848, opposed to the conservative Hunkers. The name derives from the fabled Dutchman who burned his barn to rid it of rats; by implication, the Barnburners would destroy corporations and public works to do away with the abuses they foster. Among their leaders were C. C. Cambreleng, Silas Wright, Azariah C. Flagg, and Samuel J. Tilden. Opposed to the extension of slavery, the Barnburners seceded from the Democratic state organization when the Hunkers captured the state convention at Syracuse in 1847. Refused recognition at the Democratic national convention of 1848, they nominated Martin Van Buren for President and endorsed the Free-Soil party candidate, Charles Francis Adams (1807–86), for Vice President. Largely because of this Democratic split, the Whig candidate, Zachary Taylor, defeated the regular Democrat, Lewis Cass. After 1848 some Barnburners joined the Free-Soilers, who merged with the new Republican party; others returned to the Democratic party.

See H. D. A. Donovan, The Barnburners (1925).

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Barnburners

Dictionary of American History
COPYRIGHT 2003 The Gale Group Inc.

BARNBURNERS

BARNBURNERS was the nickname of a progressive faction of the New York State Democratic Party in the 1840s. The name "Barnburner" came from the story of the Dutch farmer who was willing to burn his barn to get rid of the rats. In direct opposition to the southern wing of the Democratic Party, Barnburners supported the Wilmot Proviso, which proposed to ban slavery from the territories captured in the Mexican War. In 1848 the Barn-burners bolted from the Democrats and nominated the Free Soil candidate, Martin Van Buren, for president. The Barnburners' defection ensured the defeat of the Democratic nominee, Lewis Cass. In the 1850s most of the Barnburners joined the newly founded Republican Party.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Potter, David M. The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861. Edited and completed by Don E. Fehrenbacher. New York: Harper and Row, 1976.

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barn

barn1
/ bärn/
•
n.
a large farm building used for storing grain, hay, or straw or for housing livestock. ∎
a large shed used for storing vehicles.
∎
a large and unattractive building:
moved into that barn of a house.barn2
(abbr.: b)
•
n. Physics
a unit of area, 10−28 square meters, used esp. in particle physics.

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barn

barn barn burner in North American usage, a very exciting or dramatic event, especially a sports contest. Barnburner was also the name for an adherent of a section of the Democratic Party in New York State in the 1840s, whose zeal for reform was so intense that it was said that they were prepared to ‘burn the barn to get rid of the rats’.

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barn

barn (symbol b) Scientific unit of area used in nuclear physics to measure the cross-sections in interactions of particles. A barn equals 10−24 cm2 per nucleus. This area is a measure of the probability that fission, the splitting of a heavy atomic nucleus, will occur when a neutron moves towards a heavy nucleus.

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