You can pick heavier things up with a small amount of effort - Effort (arm) divided by weight (arm)

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Function of the skeletal system

There is six main functions

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Movement

The skeleton helps the body move by providing anchor points for the muscles to pull against. The long bones in the arms and legs work as levers to allow certain movement

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Protection

Certain parts of the skeleton enclose and protect the body's organs from external forces. This function is especially important in activities that involve contact, such as rugby or boxing

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Produce Blood Cells

The inner marrow of the long bones and ribs produces red and white blood cells. Red blood cells are impotant in activites because they carry oxygen to the working muscles. White blood cells are important to fight infection.

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Support

The bones are solid and rigid. They keep us upright and hold the rest of the body - muscles and organs together.

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Shape

The skeleton gives us our general shape such as height and build. Tall people have long leg bones and larger vertebrae. People with a heavy build have larger clavicles and scapula as well as bigger pelvises.

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Mineral Storage

Bones stores serveral miners, including calcuim and phosphorus, which can be released into the blood when needed.

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Cartialige

Stops bones rubbing and wearing as well as acting as a cushion

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Ligament

Attaches bone to bone

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Tendon

Attaches muscle to bone

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Synovial Fluid

Keeps the joint lubricated and loose to allow movement

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Synovial Membrane

Makes synovial fluid

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Joint Capsule

Hold the synovial fluid together

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Bursae

Provides a cushion between bones, tendons and muscles and aid movement

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Skeletal or Voluntary Muscles

Make up most of the muscles in the body. They help give the body shape and is also called voluntary because they are under your conscious control and only move through a conscious effort.

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Cardiac Muscles

A form of involuntary muscles as they work automatically and constantly. They are found in the walls of the heart, working to ensure the heart is beating constantly.

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Involuntary Muscles

Muscles that you cannot control, found in the walls of the intestines and in the blood vessels. They have ot keep contracting to allow crucial body function to continue.

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Deltoid

Shoulder Muscle

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Triceps

Bottom of the upper arm muscle

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Biceps

Top of the upper arm muscle

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Radials

Muscle in the lower arm

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Abdominal

Stomach Muscless

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Gluteal Muscle

Backside Muscle

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Quadriceps

Top of the top of the leg

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Hamsting

Back of the top of leg

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Gastrocnemius

Lower part of the leg on the back

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Tibialis Anterior

Lower front of the leg to the right

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Hip Flexors

Hip muscles

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Pectorals

Chest muscles

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Latissimus Dorsi

On your back below the shoulder

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Trapezuis

Neck Muscles

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Rotator Cuff

Next to the deltoid

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Cranium

Skull

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Mandible

Jaw Bone

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Clavicle

Collar Bone

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Scapula

Shoulder Blade

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Humerus

Upper arm muscle

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Ulna

Outside of lower arm

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Raduis

Thumb side of lower arm

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Femur

Top of leg

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Patella

Knee Cap

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Tibia

Lower leg

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Fibula

Lower leg

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Phalanges

Fingers/Toes

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Tarsals

Ankle

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Metacarpals

Hand

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Metatarsals

Foot

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Ball and Sockey

Located in shoulder + hip

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Pivot

Located in neck +forearm

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Hinge

Located at elbow +knee

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Saddle

Only found in thumb +middle ear

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Condlyoid

Wrist

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Contracting Muscles

Agonist - Becomes shorter

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Relaxing Muscles

Antagonist - Lengthens

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Isotonic Muscle Contractions

When there is movement. When muscles get shorter (concentric) and longer (eccentric)

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Isometric Muscle Contractions

When the muscle length stays the same (e.g. handstand)

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Extension

In the hinge joints, increasing the angle between the bones at the joint