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Operators in C

An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform specific mathematical or logical functions. C language supports a rich set of built-in operators.Operators are used in program to manipulate data and variables.

C language provides the following types of operators -

Arithmetic Operators

Increment and Decrement Operators

Assignment Operators

Relational Operators

Logical Operators

Conditional Operators

Bitwise Operators

Special Operators

Arithmetic Operators :

An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction and multiplication on numerical values (constants and variables).

Arithmetic Operators/Operation

Example

+ (Addition)

A+B

– (Subtraction)

A-B

* (multiplication)

A*B

/ (Division)

A/B

% (Modulus)

A%B

Increment and Decrement operators :

C programming has two operators increment ++ and decrement -- to change the value of an operand (constant or variable) by 1. Increment ++ increases the value by 1 whereas decrement -- decreases the value by 1. These two operators are unary operators, meaning they only operate on a single operand.

Operator

Operator/Description

Pre increment operator (++i)

value of i is incremented before assigning it to the variable i

Postincrement operator (i++)

value of i is incremented after assigning it to the variable i

Pre decrement operator (–i)

value of i is decremented before assigning it to the variable i

Post decrement operator (i–)

value of i is decremented after assigning it to variable i

Assignment Operators :

An assignment operator is used for assigning a value to a variable. The most common assignment operator is =.

Operators

Example/Description

=

sum = 10;10 is assigned to variable sum

+=

sum += 10;

This is same as sum = sum + 10

-=

sum -= 10;

This is same as sum = sum – 10

*=

sum *= 10;

This is same as sum = sum * 10

/=

sum /= 10;

This is same as sum = sum / 10

%=

sum %= 10;

This is same as sum = sum % 10

&=

sum&=10;

This is same as sum = sum & 10

^=

sum ^= 10;

This is same as sum = sum ^ 10

Relational Operators :

A relational operator checks the relationship between two operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1; if the relation is false, it returns value 0. Relational operators are used in decision makingand loops.

Operators

Example/Description

>

x > y (x is greater than y)

<

x < y (x is less than y)

>=

x >= y (x is greater than or equal to y)

<=

x <= y (x is less than or equal to y)

==

x == y (x is equal to y)

!=

x != y (x is not equal to y)

Logical Operators :

An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical operators are commonly used in decision making.

Operators

Example/Description

&& (logical AND)

(x>5)&&(y<5)It returns true when both conditions are true

|| (logical OR)

(x>=10)||(y>=10)

It returns true when at-least one of the condition is true

! (logical NOT)

!((x>5)&&(y<5))

It reverses the state of the operand “((x>5) && (y<5))”

If “((x>5) && (y<5))” is true, logical NOT operator makes it false

Bitwise Operators :

Bitwise operators perform manipulations of data at bit level. These operators also perform shifting of bits from right to left. Bitwise operators are not applied to float or double.