Ubuntu Interview Questions and Answers

Ubuntu is a free open source operating system for computers. It is a Linux distribution based on the Debian architecture. It is usually run on personal computers, and is also popular on network servers, usually running the Ubuntu Server variant, with enterprise-class features. Ubuntu runs on the most popular architectures, including Intel, AMD, and ARM-based machines. Ubuntu is also available for tablets and smartphones, with the Ubuntu Touch edition. Ubuntu is published by Canonical Ltd, who offer commercial support. It is based on free software and named after the Southern African philosophy of Ubuntu (literally, ‘human-ness’), which Canonical Ltd.

Ubuntu will always be free of charge, and there is no extra fee for the “enterprise edition”. Ubuntu includes the very best in translations and accessibility infrastructure that the Free Software community has to offer, to make Ubuntu usable by as many people as possible. Ubuntu is shipped in stable and regular release cycles; a new release will be shipped every six months. You can use the current stable release or the current development release. A release will be supported for 18 months. Ubuntu is entirely committed to the principles of open source software development; Ubuntu is encouraged people to use open source software, improve it and pass it on.

Ubuntu is a complete Linux operating system. Ubuntu is an operating system consisting of free and open source software. With Ubuntu you can surf the web, read email, and create documents, spreadsheets and more! Ubuntu gives you power and flexibility for business, education and home use. Ubuntu is easy to install, free of viruses, and perfect for laptops, desktops and servers. Ubuntu comes with a wide range of software programs, including Firefox and LibreOffice. There is also proprietary software that can be run on Ubuntu.

Unity is a graphical shell for the GNOME desktop environment originally developed by Canonical Ltd. for its Ubuntu operating system. Unity is the default windows manager. On left side of the Ubuntu it introduces the launcher and Dash to start programs. In order to add new entries to the launcher you can create a file name like .desktop and then drag file on the launcher.

Unity Tweak Tool is a popular Unity desktop customization tool. As the name implies, this tool is applicable to Ubuntu’s default desktop environment only (i.e., Unity-based GNOME desktop). This versatile tool allows you to customize a wide variety of Unity desktop features and configurations via extremely intuitive and easy-to-use GUI. Its menu looks similar to Ubuntu’s official System Settings, but its desktop customization capabilities far exceed those of the default System Settings. Using Unity Tweak Tool, you can customize appearance, behaviors and configurations for a plethora of desktop components, such as workspace, windows, icons, themes, cursors, fonts, scrolling, hot corners, etc. If you are a Unity desktop user, Unity Tweak Tool is definitely a must-have app.

To append one file to another in Ubuntu Linux you can use command cat file2 >> file 1. The operator >> appends the output of the named file or creates the file if it is not created. While another command cat file 1 file 2 > file 3 appends two or more files to one.

In Ubuntu, through behaviors tab you can make many changes on the appearance of desktop. Auto hide the launcher: You can use this option to reveal the launcher when moving the pointer to the defined hot spot. Enable workspaces: By checking this option you can enable workspace Add show desktop icon to the launcher: This option is used to display the desktop icon on the launcher

Click control gear and then click on Startup Applications. In the Startup Application Preferences window, click Add to add an entry. Then fill the information in comment box like Name, Command and Comment

/usr/bin/canberra-gtk-play—id= “desktop-login”—description= “play login sound” Logout and then login once you are done

The IP addressing is an essential part of networking and to establish an Ubuntu cloud it has to be configured correctly and the default gateway has to be mentioned for communication with another network or same network. To configure the IP addressing the command that can be used is ip, ipconfig and route. These are the commands that allow the configuration of the networking.

Ethernet interfaces are the part of the networking and it is automatically identified by the system using different naming conventions. It is represented by ethX, where X= any numeric value. The default interface of the system is named as eth0 and it will go on after this. To identify the Ethernet interface the command that is used:

ifconfig -a | grep eth

eth0

Link encap:Ethernet

HWaddr 00:15:c5:4a:16:5aThe command will show all the interfaces that are associated with the system.

Export is a command in the Bash shell language. When used to set a variable, as in your example, the variable (PATH) will be visible (“exported to”) any sub processes started from that instance of Bash. Without the export command, the variable will not exist in the sub process.

Personal Package Archives (PPAs) are software repositories designed for Ubuntu users and are easier to install than other third-party repositories. PPAs are often used to distribute pre-release software so that it can be tested. Personal Package Archives (PPA) allow you to upload Ubuntu source packages to be built and published as an apt repository by Launchpad.

Libaio is Linux Kernel Asynchronous I/O (A/O). A/O allows even a single application thread to overlap I/O operations with other processing, by providing an interface for submitting one or more I/O requests in one system call without waiting for completion. And a separate interface to reap completed I/O operations associated with a given completion group.