Russia 1750-1914

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Transcript of Russia 1750-1914

Political Russia 1750-1914 Catherine The Great sought to enlighten Russia After Napoleon's invasions Russian leaders protected their power from enlightenment ideals.Alexander II abolished serfdom and provided more "freedom" to serfs under the Emancipation Manifesto.Tried to weaken Ottoman Empire by supporting Balkan nationalism however suppressed Polish Nationalism in 1831.Alexander II made military reforms, improved law codes, created zemstoves, and local councils. The Emancipation Manifesto had no real effect on helping serfs which still required to pay the landowners and had to work in horrible conditions in factories. Minorities wanted national recognition, businessmen wanted political rights as well as personal rights, and the intelligentsia wanted social and radical reforms that wanted to keep the Russian culture. The Russian Government reacted by closing of Russian borders and implementing censorship away from western influence as a result of the social uprising. After Alexander II was assassinated his successors stopped reformation and supported suppressive policies, Marxism was adopted throughout the intelligentsia.1905 Russia fought Japan, In the Russo-Japanese War, Japan wins , causing the people of Russia to form a protest that ultimately ends with 200 people dead know as Bloody Sunday. Economic Russia had an agricultural economy Peter The Great help modernize because of pressure of the west. Became 4th largest producer of steel.In the 1870's a railway system was created, allowed efficient use of Russia's natural resources and shipped grain to the West. By the 1800's factories we being developed in major cities; nearly 1/2 of factories were foreign owned Stolynpin Reforms after the war of 1905 aimed to create a market specialized peasantry Intellectual Nobles became highly westernized Educational system developed by Peter the Great New ideas of political and economical systems developed by some revolutionists.During the late 19th century scientists such as Mendel and Pavlov advanced in genetics and physiology. Religion Orthodox Christianity held in peopleRussian leaders demanded citizens to turn into Christians Executed Jewish citizens if they did not convert. Social During Alexander II’s reforms in the 1860s and 1870s some women gained access to higher education and professions. The masses of Russian citizens were only slightly affected by industrialization and a middle class was not significant. Russia remained a traditional peasant society. Area Russia continued to expand eastwards through the encouragement of serfs to grow more materials.