Impressive archaeological finds dating back to the Neolithic period suggest that the site was an important centre in antiquity. Since about 1810, a large number of artefacts have been found relating to pre-Roman Carthage, the Iron Age, the Roman Empire, Armenia, the Anglo-Saxons and the Vikings.[6] These include items as varied as coins which belonged to the Coriosolites in Brittany. Also, tokens, brooches, pins, knives, glass beads, keys, pottery, flint tools, mounts, pilgrim badges, pieces of leather, worked wood and iron tools. They came to be discovered after the beginning of large-scale dredging (to accommodate the needs of the nearby growing seaport of Liverpool) started to cause notable sand erosion along the coastline near Meols. These finds suggest that the site was used as a port as far back as the Iron Age some 2,400 years ago, and was once the most important seaport in the present-day North West England. Thus trading connections are believed to have reached far across Europe.[7][8]
Some of these artefacts are on display locally, at the Museum of Liverpool.
In the 1890s the local authorities built the first sea wall. The rapidly eroding coastline was saved, but the sea wall changed the currents and archaeological sites at Meols were buried in the sand.[9] The remains of a submerged forest off Dove Point have now also disappeared but they were visible until the spring of 1982.[10][11]

Meols was formerly called Great Meols. It was a township in West Kirby Parish of the Wirral Hundred, becoming part of Hoylake cum West Kirby civil parish in 1894. Great Meols had a population of 140 in 1801, 170 in 1851 and 821 in 1901.[13]
The name Great Meols survives in the name of the primary school[14] and the Anglican church. It was still in more general use up to the 1960s, for instance in postal addresses and on the destination indicators of buses from Chester, but not as the name of the railway station.

There also used to be a village called Little Meols, on Meols Drive between Hoylake and West Kirby[15][16]
The name Little Meols fell out of use in Victorian times, having been absorbed by Hoylake. From 123 inhabitants in 1801 and 170 in 1851, by 1901 at 2,850, its population had outstripped Great Meols.[17]

Meols was known to be spelt as Meolse[18] up until when the railway station was placed.[citation needed] The error came about at the time of the station's construction, when rail managers took the spelling of Meols from the Southport suburb of Meols Cop and used it for new signage.[citation needed]

Meols is mainly residential with a small yacht and fishing community on its Irish Sea shore line. The centre has a small row of shops adjacent to Meols railway station. There is a local community park known as Meols Park Recreation Ground and a Meols bowling green. There is also a primary school. The Friends of Meols Park are a community group set up in 2007 to help maintain and improve the recreation ground.

In the 1930s a clinker-built boat was discovered in rebuilding the Railway Inn public house. After confirmation of its discovery by local police constable, Tim Baldock,[19]ground-penetrating radar equipment was used in September 2007 to confirm the existence of the boat. The vessel is believed to be lying beneath approximately 6 ft to 10 ft (2m to 3m) of clay.[20]
Professor Stephen Harding, of the University of Nottingham, is seeking funds for an excavation and removal to a museum.

Andy McCluskey of the 1980s electronic music band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD) is from Meols. OMD had a track called Red Frame/White Light which referred to the public telephone box between the church and the Railway Inn on Greenwood Road, Meols. Hidden within the lyrics was the telephone number of the telephone box (632-3003). It is claimed that fans would call that telephone number from all over the world. The telephone box was removed by BT in August 2017 but was returned by October after a campaign by fans of the duo.[21][22]

The television sitcomWatching, produced by Granada Television between 1987 and 1993, utilised Meols as a filming location. This was likely because the characters Malcolm & Mrs Stoneway lived in the village.[23]