The only case in which the E-factor formula is not used is in the case of armor penetrating (shape charged) explosive warheads. In the case of these weapons the E-factor is found by determining how much armor the weapon penetrates. The Armor class of the weapons penetration is taken as that weapons E- factor.

Additional Comments: The RPD-7D is the standard anti-tank launcher of
the Warsaw Pact Forces, although it was beingsuperseded by newer designs like the RPD and RPG-18 by the time the War broke out. The basic design is quite simple and effective, though the round can be pushed off-target by strong crosswinds. This particular version can be disassembled into two parts to shorten the launch tube for the convenience of paratroops.

The RPG-7V is a recoilless, shoulder-fired, muzzle-loaded, reloadable, antitank grenade launcher. It fires a variety of rocket-assisted grenades
from a 40-mm smoothbore launcher tube. It is the standard squad antitank weapon in use by the OPFOR. The RPG-7V is light enough to be
carried and fired by one person. However, an assistant grenadier normally deploys to the left of the gunner to protect him from small arms fire.
The RPG-7V requires a well-trained gunner to estimate ranges and lead distances for moving targets. Crosswinds as low as 7 miles per hour can
complicate the gunner's estimate and reduce first-round hit probability to 50% at ranges beyond 180 meters.

Name: SD-44 Towed AT Gun Airborne Variant with Aux Propulsion unit.
Cal. 85mm
E-Factor : See by type below.
Wt. (Empty) 3.1 Metric Tons
Min. Range 50m
Eff. Range 1500m
Max. Range
Burst Radius by type
Type of Fire
Rate of Fire 8 RPM with a trained crew / 15 rpm burst for indirect fire.
Feed Device Manual
Feed Device Wt. n/a
Basic Load 21 mixed type
Load Wt. by type
Total Wt.
Additional Comments: Description The 85 mm auxiliary-propelled field gun SD-44 was designed by the F F Petrov design bureau. It is basically the 85 mm Divisional Gun D-44 fitted with an auxiliary propulsion unit: an M-72 two-cylinder petrol engine which develops 14 hp and gives a maximum road speed of 25 km/h. Fuel is carried in one of the trails. The engine is mounted on the left trail and ready use ammunition is carried in the right one. The engine provides power to the two rubber-tyred carriage wheels via a drive shaft and a differential. The conventional steering wheel and steering column are attached to a castor just behind the spades. The lunette is retained enabling the weapon to be towed if required, maximum towing speed is 60 km/h. A two-part folded rammer is mounted vertically on either side of the front of the shield. An infra-red night vision device can be fitted if required. The SD-44 has sometimes been incorrectly called the D-48.

Using the scientific calculator in Windows:
- Take the log of 7.09 (~0.851)
- Store in memory
- Take the log of 2 (~0.301)
- divide by what's in memory
- take the reciprocal (1/x) (~2.82)
- use this answer to find AV/E-factor (48*[2.5^2.82])

The D-30, also known as the M1963, replaced the older 122-mm howitzer M-30 (M1938). The original D-30 was fielded in 1963 and the midlife product improvements occurred in the mid to late 1970�s. The original D-30 is in use with at least 50 different countries. The 2A18M D-30A and D-30M are midlife product improvements of the D-30 that are currently in production by the Gosudarstvennoe Unitarnoe Predpriatie Zavod 9 [Vysokodispersnye Metallicheskiye Poroshki AO]. The D-30 features a unique three-trail carriage, a conspicuous boxy shield for the recuperator above the tube, and a small protective shield between the wheels. The gun has a semiautomatic, vertically sliding, wedge-type breechblock. It is towed muzzle-first by a truck or armored tractor, at speeds up to 80 kilometers per hour, with its trails folded under the barrel.

The D-30 can be recognized by its unique three-trail carriage, the conspicuous box-like shield for the recoil-recuperator mechanism mounted above the tube, the multi-baffle muzzle brake, and the small protective shield fitted between the wheels. Early models of the D-30 had a multi-baffle muzzle brake while the D-30M has a double-baffle muzzle brake. The gun has a semiautomatic, vertically-sliding, wedge-type breechblock. It can be towed by a truck (Ural-375 or ZIL-131) or armored tractor at speeds up to 80 krn/hr. It is towed muzzle-first by a large lunette just under the muzzle brake with its trails folded under the barrel.

The D-30 is found in the howitzer battalion of BTR-equipped motorized rifle regiments and in the artillery regiment of motorized rifle, tank, and airborne divisions. A battalion of D-30s is also being added to some tank regiments as an interim measure. These D-30s will eventually be replaced by a battalion of 122-mm self-propelled howitzers 2S1. The maximum effective range of either howitzer is 15,300 meters.

In firing position, the crew of eight unhitches the gun, lowers the central firing jack, raising the wheels high enough to clear the trail legs, and spreads the two outer trails 120� on each side. The revolving mount permits 360� traverse and is equipped for high and low angles of fire, making it fully suitable for antitank defense. It is doubtful that full elevation is possible when the breech is immediately over a trail leg. The D-30 can also be equipped with a IR or passive night vision sights for direct fire.

The D-30 fires FRAG-HE and HEAT-FS variable-charge, case-type, separate-loading ammunition. The D-30 has a special nonrotating, fin-stabilized, HEAT projectile which allows it to effectively engage armored vehicles with direct fire. The HEAT round can penetrate up to 460 mm of armor at any range. Other types of projectiles include chemical, illuminating (S-462 weighing 22.4 kg), smoke (D-462 weighing 22.3 kg), leaflet, flechette, and incendiary. Recently an RAP has been introduced with a maximum range of 21900 m.

There are at least two chemical projectiles for the D-30, with the CW agent is dispersed by the explosion of a TNT bursting charge. The Sarin projectile weighs 22.2 kg with 1.3 kg of Sarin agent. The 122 mm Lewisite projectile weighs 23.1 kg with 3.3 kg of viscous Lewisite agent.

Name AT-3 Malyutka (SAGGER)
Cal. E-Factor = A model 1835 / C model 2597 48 * 2.5^[3.322(log(400 or 520) - 1.4049)]= 2208.385244
Wt. (10.9 / 11.4 kg) missile, 30.5 kg launcher + guidance
Eff. Range 500/500
Max. Range 3000/3000
Type of Fire
Rate of Fire 1
Feed Device 1 per man pack case (two per AT team). BMD-1, 1 on rail + 3 stowed
In each three-man team, the gunner carries a suitcase containing the control box, and two assistant gunners each carry one missile in a suitcase.
Feed Device Wt.
Basic Load - 1 guidance (gunner) + 2 launcher/missile case (assistants)
Total Wt.30.5 kg launcher + guidance
Additional Comments : AT-3 is classed by weight as portable (21-40 kg), rather than manportable (<21 kg). The launcher is also a missile carry case. The guidance panel can be located up to 15 meters from the launcher, and can control up to four launchers. If target is <1,000 meters from launcher, the operator can joystick the missile to target without using optics. Guidance elevation (°) is -5/ +10. Because the module is small and can be shifted,
elevation and field of view are operationally unlimited. Improved versions can be used on older launchers, but in the MCLOS mode.
The Slovenian Iskra TS-M thermal sight is available, with detection at 3,000 meters and recognition at 1,800 meters.
Any AT-3 can be modernized to Malyutka-2 with replacement of warhead and or replacement of specific warhead and motor components.

VARIANTS
M40A1: Initial fielded version of the rifle which was commonly exported, with the M-8C spotting rifle.
M40A2: Upgrade with an M79 mount.
M40A4: The latest fielded version, with the M27 tripod.
Other countries have produced the rifle, under license, and mounted it on various chassis.
Bofors Retrofit Program: Upgrade program, with the Simrad sights and the 3A-HEAT-T round.
The weapon can be porteed, carried on a vehicle pintel mount, then transferred to a ground semi-mobile tripod mount.
M79 Mount: Tripod, ground, or vehicle
M50 Ontos: Six-barrel mount on small tracked vehicle
PAK-66: Austrian M40 on two-wheel carriage

NOTES
The producer of the LAHAT gun-launch ATGM (pg 6-58) offers to produce a version for use in the M40 launcher. The tandem ATGM is a viable threat to all modern armored vehicles. Use requires a tripod-mounted laser guidance unit, as used with MT-12 and 2A45M AT guns.
The rifle produces a massive amount of noise and smoke which reveals its location. Thus a first round hit is critical.