translation of the Histoire Générale De Paris

Some related information about this document.

I will begin by discussing what is a translation.
Because there are many differences Between Middle French and modern American English, it will be purely a random chance to find a passage with a perfect correspondence where every word and phrase matches up. Hence, it is impossible to provide a meaningful direct translation. So what I am doing is more paraphrasing the Middle French text instead.

Why Is the Translation Considered a Paraphrase?

That’s because I have learned from others who do translations that this skill is neither an art or a science, but a bit of both.
Languages do not have perfect correspondences where every word and phrase matches up with a foreign equivalent, though of course some cases come closer than others.

Nevertheless, because we can't codify how exact any given translation is, it would be inappropriate to put quotation marks around the translated words. In fact, in undertaking the translation myself, I have literally put the author’s words into my own words, which is the definition of a paraphrase.

This list below is what I am attempting to do:

Alter the wording of each passage without changing its meaning.

Retain the basic logic of the passage or argument.

Retain the basic sequence of ideas.

Retain the basic examples used in the passage.

Accurately convey the author's meaning and opinion.

I do not speak more then a couple of phrases of French so this was done with translation software and physical French dictionaries to translate these passages. Many of the words did not translate or may have translated into words that may mean something else then what they should mean in the context of the writing. Any mistakes are mine and if you have a better translation for a particular section, please email it to me. Thank you.

This link to the Google Book where you can find this document on the internet.

Note: Because I always try to design for screen reader compatibility, Each of the Middle French terms on this page are decalered as lang="frm"

Below is how I am using my style sheet to show the translations. By using the HTML language attribute lang="frm" I am giving them a colored background and changing the style of font to italics. The translated text is directly below the grey text area.

In the thirteenth century, some metal workers thought they could be divided according to the artifacts and without regard to the similarity of their work, thus forming small communities unable to support freedom and especially when free labor stopped before tax requirements of the sixteenth century.

These trades in the texts under the names: needle cases, aléniers, aiguilletiers, ferreurs aiguillettes chaînetiers and also have retained any independent status until they preferred to meet at more established profession of Epingliers by a act of merging the September 21, 1762.

There are in fact similar work, drummers, tréfiliers, shields, nailers, attacher, fermaillers, patenôtriers metal all trades whose names have almost disappeared, to be replaced by others, mainly by skiers .

These artisans obtained their first constitution, under the name of aléniers-needle cases, by letters patent of Henry II, March 1557- They are limited to terms of regulation 4 year apprenticeship; control 20 floors to the King and the jury; privileges widows and son of teachers; two jurors, etc. ; we recommend the use of steel dipped well.

The statutes were renewed and increased by letters of Henry IV in October 1599. The term of apprenticeship is five years; Price control is extended to 20 floors, 30 floors each juror, which are four in number. Each teacher is required to have its peculiar mark in the Châtelet, and it is forbidden to sell goods without authentic brand or without the consent of the person to whom it belongs.

Despite the importance and variety of needles used for all kinds of work in the community. of needle cases did not know to continue. It expresses reduced to five or six teachers, and to the requirements of offices, she was forced to meet the Epingliers by Act of October 1695.

Among the objects of their production, they cite: Lakes and silk yarn, strips of leather and metal accessories for shoe and nail, brass and tin, snaps of knives and other menus common metal objects that goldsmiths were also gold and silver.

In the role of 1582, the aiguilletiers ranked fifth and last place are attached to "alaisniers" and "espingliers" by mere similarity of work, because communities were certainly different. We also see the boucletiers belts that were similar work.

The same statutes of 1397 are an outright confirmation of Henry IV in May 1608. such a distance and with the ideas of the sixteenth century who demanded a complete renewal of labor regulations, something worth noting and away of common use.

To all who see these letters, Jehan lord Folleville edge of prevosté of Paris, hello We should have mended and brought Before Us, or Ghastellet of Paris, the Paris of aguilletiers, more or less the grant, healthy and significant part iceulx of, to wit, William Ver, Jehan Leborgne ... ..

1. That no person can not put any knots before the day of Dimenche, if not a card only worker who has said mestier workroom, where it will be exhibiting and commodities on grant bridge and not elsewhere, and ainssy of Dimenche in Dimenche, every one in turn and as he is wont to do in several other mestiers ladicte City of Paris.

2. Item, similarly Boxing Day, the day after Easter and after the Penthecouste to chascune the feasts of Our Lady, has only one worker who sell aguillettes, every one in turn as Dimenche, and such fine.

3. Item, that no person shall sell lanyards day of Christmas, Pasques of Ascension and Penthecouste, the Blessed Sacrament and Toussains on Paine came to Paris pence to fifteen paier soils Roy and five Oudit mestier soil.

6. Item, that no apprentices or trainees said his profession who has done his time and he wills to raise his trade, can not do that by before they are souffisans approve by the masters and he said mestier garlic pay forty soil parisis thirty Roy soils and soil ten Oudit mestier to convert or service of God as they see fit to talk masters mestier said.

8. Item, that no one now can not open or cause the said craft of mestier aguillettes, which will avoid interruption and other craft mestier if Paravant had not beene apprentiz Oudit mestier of aguilletier in the manner that is said on paine ladicte fine if Oudit mestier aguilletier not wished to hold at all, renouncing mestiers other, and that this Feust found and proved souffisans ydoines and, as is said; as companions who have beene Oudit mestier apprentiz do treuvent where eulx emploier Oudit mestier and that their fault lessier the City of Paris, for which there are several crumb workers and other SCEvent mestiers in open or are no foiz craft, which is not good tollerer by police in mesmement City; Paris is and must Estre example of good government in all other great cities.

9. Item, all las lanyards or both as silk yarn or any other things, whether to railway eguillettes way and which have pourté iron, or other laton mestail which will be nailed and riveted euvrées well and souffisamment, are asses, and the transverse instrumentation on which they will be found, in the fine condempné above dictates.

11. Its no workers have used the allocated another, which he hired sceust nothings and after estoit acertenez, the worker will tenuz to mectre out to do and aler acomplir his first promise on said Paine .

12. Item, that no one can open spikes that are good and depending on the size or fors they affierent, and nail on hobeloire two sweet, and welded aprez souffisament, and similarly the others are solder and nail. And who will do the opposite, it will incur in the fine above dictates.

14. Item, quiconques vouldra esguillettes do now, that they are made by the way that follows, it is assavoir, that those who will be made of suede, chevrotin, chamoiz and other good hides, are lined with laton or white iron and that they are nailed and burnishing to will, And those who do will be point nailed, are smoothed with at will, as before is said, and on Paine of confiscation and ladicte fine of ten soil parisis.

15. Item, that no one of the said mestier do other do either if Hardi to make null desdictes eguillettes parcees, se they are nailed and burnishing, on Paine of ladicte fine, and also make null esguillettes mutton laint of two costez, but of sheep taint of one side only all white, or any color, Taint of a coste only, and will be rail garrisons of white for deffence of other, well and deument, depending on their taken, and for eschever the disappointment of the purchasers, on Paine of confiscation of such esguillettes and ladicte fine of forty soil parisis.

16. Ditto, that no one not face esguillettes whatever leather it is, the cui. is souffisant, good, loyal and walking, on ladicte paine to be false food articles and of ladicte penalty of ten soil parisis.

17. Ditto, that no person from outside not puist doresnavant to want ouvrouer in the City of Paris, if it is not visited by swear them and found expert and souffisant by diz swear, and that, to have icellui mestier, he pays forty parisis soil.

19. Item, that all commodities and goods, both of leather as esguilleltes made, which will be found faulses and bad, on none of the said mestier does on other, and which will be reported such by the jurors of icellui mestier, are arses, As it is accoustume to make all other commodities and goods of ladicte City of Paris; and iceulx on which hereunto faulses and bad food will be found, are condempnes to the fine above dictates.

20. Item, that to keep the items and articles of that mestier, both of this registry as aussy of precedens non desrogeans to cestuy, are esleuz chascun year two or three suitable persons and adequate. ....

1. .That oudit mestier will be receus all persons who do not will be notes of note infamous, pourveu they have este apprentifs of this mestier, either in Paris or elsewhere, by the space of four years integers and that he apparoisse to learning by both patent that otherwise dueument.

2. That each de Maistre said mestier will pay, at its reception, at the Roy twenty soil parisis and to swear such, sum, for their sentences and vacations to have attended veoir make the masterpiece of that which will be receu, and do in may require of advantage, on penalty of af Speciallñger and Sygesikringens Forhandlingsudvalg are depriving them of the estat .

3. Will Be oudit mestier esleuz two swear maistres said mestier, to the election and appointment of other maistres of the estat who are gathered to cestus end once a year, commissioners the attorney of the Roy, for eslire by each year ung juror of the estat, which swear will exercise the said estat of jurors two years integers.

1. That oudit mestier will be receuz all persons who will note of notes of infamy, pourveu that ilz with este apprentifs in icelluy in Paris, the space of five years, and that it apparoisse dudict apprentissaige by their brevetz and quittances assume their maistres, soubz which they will faict ledict apprentissaige.

2. That each de Maistre said mestier will pay, its receipt, at Roy twenty soil parisis and to swear thirty soil parisis each, for their punishment and session to have attended veoir make the masterpiece of celluy who will be receu oudit mestier.

3. That the said maistres mestier will be tenuz to have distinct brands and separated from each other which they will mark their books, which, to cestus end, will be fingerprints in a table of lead who will be in the House of the prosecutor of the Roy Ghastelet of Paris.

4. Will those maistres counterfeit the marks from each other, ny mark their ouvraiges of trademarks contrefaictes, do aultres that dictated their brands, which they can only be changed after the acceptance thereof, on peyne of confiscation of Touvraige, forty soil parisis of fine for the first time and the deprivation of the estat for the second.

5. Will those tenuz maistres of do their ouvraiges good estoffes steel properly tempered, non contrefaict ny desguize, and marks to their brands, to peyne of sixty soil parisis of fine, and for the look of others estoffes and mestaux will dip or marks.

6. Can each of those maistres take at once more of a apprentif, which may only have and will compel them to lesser time that lesdicts five years, except that, on the cinquiesme year of his apprentif obliges, it may take ung aultre affin that it does not remain without apprentif, on such peynes to the offender.

10. The swear of the said mestier will be tenuz make their visitations on the maistres of their mestier of fifteen days in fifteen days, and the misconduct and abbus they trouverront in will make good and Fidel report in the House of the said attorney of the Roy, inside twenty four hours after their visitations, on penalty of twenty soil parisis of fine; which you swear will not take to their sentences and vacations that four soils parisis, for the right of Visitation.

13. That each of the said apprentifs will be required to serve the maistres of icelluy during three years after they have made the said learning, to make them capable to ask masterpiece to achieve the maistrise, and that they may have actaint Tagus of twenty years, following the edict of the Roy.

14. That chascun de Maistre will be held of monstrer and make apparoir the patent of learning of his apprentif swear to the said mestier fifteen days after it has este obliged, and the register in the House of the said Attorney and to pay Her Majesty four soils parisis for his droict of learning, and as much to the confrairie said mestier, barely forty soil parisis of fine.

16. Will those aussy maistres substraireni debauch the companions and servants of each other nor besongne oudit mestier, without prealablementavoir este scavoir of celuy whose will be sorty the said companion if it is contentde Luy Perez from or not, just enough to pay the money that the said servant could only debvoirà his first de Maistre, and sixty soil parisis of fine.

17. That each of the said maistres will not take hold nor mectre in besongne some compaignons dudict mestier venans of outside Sanz the consent of swear, and that they may have faict apparoir of their patents or they will have faict the said learning, such time that ceulx of ladicte City, with docket endorsed on the back of iceulx, barely of sixty soil parisis of fine the offender; which companions, by doing so, will be able to work by paying for eulx twelve soil parisis for the right of their well come, without that they can aspire to the said maistrise.

18. Will those maistres esguillers work, do work and estaller goods in their bouticques and houses the days of festes ordered of the Church, to penalty of confiscation of the goods which will be found and sixty soil parisis of fine.

19. That deffenses will be faictes to all persons do commi ee of the mestier of eguiller, except the goldsmiths, to make or sell no eguilles a few mestaux whatsoever, to penalty of confiscation of proceeds thereof and of sixty soil parisis .

Henry, by the grace of God, Roy of France and of Navarre, scavoir are doing that we receu the humble supplication and requeste containing that he had este, of the year one thousand five cens fifty six, by our predecessors roys, made certain orders for reigler said mestier given in Paris, or month of October, Tan of thanks mil five cens ninety nine and nostre reign the unziesme .

We only see once the wire and needles in the accounts of the Hotel (de Douet of Arcq, p. 98). The needles arrived in Paris by packets called "gums". They were placed in holsters or small bags leather appointed "esguillier". The use was much the same as today: "The ladies are tilling concentrated nobly on)sor cbi of silk of all colors." (Laborde, Inventory of enamels, p. 123.) We only edc ounce tea thread and needles in Accounts Hotel (de Douet of Arcq, p. 98). Tea needles arrived in Paris packet called "gum". They put them in boxes or pouches leather nouvellement "esguillier." The purpose was the same as today: "The ladies till kilogrammes)nobly sor cbi silk all colors." (Laborde, Inventory enamels, p. 123.)

TrPour make and forge ten dozen aiguiletles for the said harnois close. " ( Accounts of the silverware, policies , p. 129.) For six dozens of aiguillette of Le Dain J. of being againsts, to attach the deerskin of the Roy, the taken of soil has a dozen, and for having the rail ends of hereunto to aguillettes money dore, the taken of 24 soils the dozen." (accounts of the silverware, t. II, p. 188.)

The aiguilletiers do not have statutes in the Book desmetiers; those whom he is referring their were given by the same provost marshal of Paris, the July 15, 1389. The text was at the fol. 15 0 The 2elivre of Trades of the Chatelet, today lost (note of Lamoignon, t. III, fol 74). The same is true of an addition by Guillaume of Tignouville, of 4 August 1407 (ibid. , 446). The table of four manuscripts of Trades brought these same parts in the Book of the Trades of the Court of Auditors, which is also disappeared.

Routerolle, kind of shell to protect the joystick of the knives or the sleeves of swords. The following articles describe the mounts in metal, brass and iron-white, i.e. steel, to place on the leather.

1422, February 7. - Judgment of the Parliament allowing for widows of doers of aiguillette, remarried to a man of another profession, to continue the business of her first husband. (Coll. Lamoignon, t. IV, fol. 179; Reference to after the 2e book of the trades.

1472, 15 May. - Judgment of Parliament prohibiting to the community of aiguilletiers the excessive expenditures of the masterpiece for the reception to the masters. (Ibid. , t. IV, fol. 599; To after Red Book 3e, fol. 69.)

1473, March 24. - Award of the Chatelet on the masterpiece and the reception to the mastery: 1 we defend that doresnavant they do facent make to those of the said mestier which their requierront masterpiece, despenses and extraordinary desraisonnables for their yawns the said masterpiece and for the receive to the maistrise said mestier; and mesmement their defend that for the disner and despenses of icelluy that the said new maistres said mestier will and vouldront do, after their receipt to the said maistrise, that lesdiz swear and maistres said mestier do the contraingnent or could compel to despendre or spawn for the said disner oultre the sum of four pounds parisis everything at the most; and oultre, let us say that lesdiz swear will not be able to here in before napping to do For the said chief of implementation, to ceulx which vouldront af Speciallñger and Sygesikringens Forhandlingsudvalg receus and past maistres said mestier, that six dozens of eguillettes or other works of the said mestier, equipollent, at the most. And all this, on penalty of a fine and arbitrary to take prison and to restore to the parties all that iceulx swear afterwards attain or will oultre receu, together all despens dommaiges and interests. - Pronounced in the presence of the prosecutor of the Roy nostre sire, on the one hand, and in the absence of such swear by virtue of a defiault against them obtained, on Wednesday 24th day of March, the year one thousand four hundred sixty and twelve." (Coll. Lamoignon, t. VI, fol. 606 ; After Red Book 3e, fol. 66.)

1559, 29 January. - Award of the Chatelet on the masterpiece and the election of the jurors formers alênes: "Ordering that all those of the said mestier will masterpiece; and icellui fact and perfect, will be required to report and the eslire swear mestier said, as the other maistres swear of other travel about unhindered for so-called cestus city have accoustume do. (Coll. Lamoignon, t. VII, fol. 719; According to the 2e specifications nine, Y 85, fol. 127.)

1576, March 10. - Judgment concerning still the same election of jurors: "ordered that the ancient form orderly and prescribed by the statutes of the mestier of alesnier and eguilletier, for and in the eslection of maistres swear to icelluy mestier, will be kept and observed, and next proceeds thereof will be those maistres swear alesniers and esguilletiers eslus to the plurality and greater number of votes, without respect of person, ainsy he has este cy-before ordered, both for the eyes of jurors maistres knitters, bakers, that other maistres of cestedite City of Paris (Coll. Lamoignon, t. VIII, fol. 934; For after Black Book nine, Y 6°, fol. 290.) The following articles are added to those of 1557.

22. Four jurors, including two elected each year by the masters, for two years.
Rigurel, jure, Sabin Gohet, de jure; Foucault, Pierre sloe, Antoine Rardereau, Sebastien Small, with other initialled. 1601, 19 May. - Judgment of Parliament between aiguilliers-aleniers and boilermakers:
'Nostredile Court declared the seizure made, at the requeste said eguillers, on the said Cochard good and valid, that made him inhibition and defense, and to all other of the said mestier of boilermaker, To make no eguilles of laton serving the chaperones and women's hair, ny undertake any thing on the said mestier given in Paris, in nostre Parliament, the 19th May, the year of grace one thousand six hundred and nostre reign the douziesme. S (Coll. Lamoignon , t. X, fol. 191.) November
1693,2. - Declaration of the King laying union to the community of aiguilletiers of the office of de jure, for the sum of three hundred pounds and that of one hundred pounds for the costs, and ordering to lift now one hundred soil by patent, twenty soil per visit, more than one hundred and fifty books by masters of masterpiece, And for the sons of masters, ten books about, in addition to the ordinary rights ; and allowing you to receive two masters without quality: ' can these jurors and maistres to renew and confirm their former statutes and regulations which permit more ". (Ord., 34th vol. of Louis XIV, fol. 121. - Coll. Lamoignon, t. XIX, fol. 215.

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