Pseudocholinesterase deficiency is a rare genetic as well as an acquired disorder that affects the body's ability to metabolize choline esters such as succinylcholine and mivacurium. It can be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, occurring in approximately 1 in 3,200 to 1 in 5,000 people. In most cases of pseudocholinesterase deficiency, no signs or symptoms of the condition exist. It is first suspected after a prolonged recovery from paralysis following general anesthesia in which succinylcholine or mivacurium are administered...

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase (PChE) in whole saliva in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in healthy subjects. Saliva has a high potential for keeping track of general health and diseases. AD is a type of dementia with reduction in brain cholinergic markers that causes memory, thinking, and behavior problems. Up to 90% decrease in AChE activity has been observed in AD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty healthy subjects and 30 patients with AD participated in this study...

PURPOSE: Organophosphates, commonly used in agricultural pesticides, pose high risks and incidences of poisoning. In the present study, we investigated the relative risk and clinical severity, including laboratory results, of non-oral route poisoning (NORP) patients, compared to oral route poisoning (ORP) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single institutional toxicology database registry was utilized to gain information on clinical laboratory results on organophosphate poisoning patients who visited the emergency department (ED) between January 2000 and October 2016...

The brine shrimp Artemia was used as a model organism to test toxicity of several neuroactive pesticides (chlorpyrifos (CLP), chlorpyrifos oxon (CLP ox), diazinon (DZN), carbaryl (CBR)) following exposure to far below than lethal doses. Cysts were exposed to the pesticides in order to test a scenario similar to actual coastal environment contamination, by analyzing different responses. Cysts were rehydrated in water containing the pesticides at concentrations ranging from 10-11 to 10-5 M, for 72, 96 and 192 h, respectively...

In this study, we aimed to retrospectively assess the correlation of pseudocholinesterase (PChE) levels with age, gender, body weight and diagnosed psychiatric diseases in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) cases. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Bülent Ecevit University Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey, between 2007 and 2011. In the study, 193 ECT case files were retrospectively scanned to evaluate PChE values before ECT and other file information. Results: There was no difference between gender in terms of PChE levels...

The use of pyrethroids has increased throughout the world over the past few decades, as organophosphate, carbamate and organochlorine insecticides are being phased out. Permethrin is widely used in the USA for crops treatment, at concentrations around 750 × 103 μg/L. In our study 3.6 μg/L permethrin decreases the fission-rate and the fruiting bodies formation of slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. Whereas 3.6 × 104 μg/L kills the 100% of amoebae, showing a 24 h-LC50 = 96.6 μg/L. This concentration induces an increase in the pseudocholinesterase activity as well as in both butyrylcholinesterase and heat-shock-protein 70 presence...

OBJECTIVE: Our aim in this retrospective study was to determine the factors affecting poor prognosis and mortality of organophosphate (OP) poisoning by reviewing patient data. We also reviewed present knowledge to make conclusions on certain longstanding debates in light of the literature. METHODS: In this retrospective descriptive study, patients who were admitted to and hospitalized in the emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital with the diagnosis of OP poisoning between December 2010 and December 2015 were evaluated...

BACKGROUND: The Neuberger review made a number of recommendations to improve end of life care, including research into the biology of dying. An important aspect of the biology of dying is the identification of biomarkers as indices of disease processes. Biomarkers have the potential to inform the current, limited understanding of the dying process and assist clinicians in recognising dying, in particular how to distinguish dying from reversible acute deterioration. OBJECTIVES: To critically appraise the literature on biological factors that may be used as prognostic indicators in advanced cancer patients and to identify candidate biomarkers of the dying process that can be measured serially in cancer patients' bodily fluids...

BACKGROUND: Organophosphorus compound poisoning (OPCP) is a major public health problem in developing countries like India. Atropine and oximes remain the main-stay of management. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) has shown benefit in the management of OPCP. AIMS: This study was designed to assess the effect of MgSO4 on outcome in OPCP patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Double-blind prospective randomized clinical trial in an ICU of tertiary care institution...

As the transgender patient population continues to grow, health care providers will need to become aware of elements unique to the transgender community in order to provide the highest quality of care. Neuromuscular blockade with succinylcholine is routinely administered to patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Decreased amounts or activity of pseudocholinesterase in serum can lead to prolonged duration of muscle paralysis. Causes of reduced action by pseudocholinesterase include genetically abnormal enzymes, reduced hepatic production, pregnancy, and various drug interactions...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Organophosphate compound poisoning (OPCP) is associated with high incidence of delirium. Melatonin has been tried in the treatment of delirium and has shown a beneficial effect in OPCP. This study was conducted to know the effect of melatonin on duration of delirium and recovery profile in OPCP patients. METHODS: Double-blind randomised placebo control trial in which 56 patients of OPCP confirmed by history and syndrome of OPCP with low plasma pseudocholinesterase, aged >18 years and weighing between 50 and 100 kg, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of <20 were studied...

BACKGROUND: Organophosphorus (OP) pesticide poisoning is a major clinical and public health problem in India. Mortality rate remains high at 15%-30%. AIMS: This prospective, observational study examines the relationship between pseudocholinesterase (PChE) activity and morbidity and mortality in OP poisoning. SETTING AND DESIGN: OP poisoning cases admitted to a tertiary care center Intensive Care Unit (ICU) over 5 years from 2010 to 2014 were studied...

BACKGROUND: Most studies focusing on improving the nutritional status of geriatric trauma patients exclude patients with cognitive impairment. These patients are especially at risk of malnutrition at admission and of worsening during the perioperative fasting period. This study was planned as a feasibility study to identify the difficulties involved in including this high-risk collective of cognitively impaired geriatric trauma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective intervention study included cognitively impaired geriatric patients (Mini-Mental State Examination <25, age >65 years) with hip-related fractures...

PURPOSE: Pretreatment serum pseudocholinesterase (PChE) has been reported to be a prognostic predictor in several cancers. However, the prognostic significance of serum PChE level in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remains unknown. METHODS: A total of 180 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for UTUC were included in this retrospective analysis. The associations of pretreatment serum PChE levels with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes were assessed...

Pseudocholinesterase abnormalities are a genetic cause of aberrant metabolism of the depolarizing muscle relaxant succinylcholine. This article examines a case where succinylcholine was chosen to facilitate intubation due to its ultra short duration and the request of the surgeon to monitor motor evoked potentials. Following succinylcholine administration the neurophysiologist was unable to obtain motor evoked potentials. This case study highlights the intraoperative and postoperative management of an elderly patient with an unknown pseudocholinesterase deficiency...

Pseudocholinesterase deficiencies occur because of both genetic and acquired factors. We present the case of a patient with a history of bariatric surgery and severe malnutrition who subsequently developed prolonged neuromuscular blockade after succinylcholine administration. She had markedly decreased pseudocholinesterase levels at the time of the incident, but her motor function returned to normal with supportive care. After aggressive nutritional support over multiple weeks, her pseudocholinesterase levels drastically improved...

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a by-product of thermal degradation of glucose and fructose. In this study, the effects of high HMF content of honey on biochemical parameters of rats were investigated. Experiments were conducted with 40 Wistar albino male rats, each weighing 250-350 g and covered a period of 5 weeks. The animals were divided into five groups. The first group was served as control group. HMF was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 200 mg/kg rat b.w. to the animals in group 2. Group 3 was fed with honey that contains 10 mg HMF/kg honey...

OBJECTIVE: Pseudocholinesterase (PChE) is an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of succinylcholine. In case of its deficiency, the effect of succinylcholine that is approximately 5-10 min is prolonged up to few hours. The use of succinylcholine has been declined recently. However, it is still actively used in some special conditions and in developing countries. In this study, incidence of PChE enzyme deficiency around Adiyaman city was investigated and presented with the literature review...