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Ich bin aufgestiegen wie ein junger Adler. Children, you do not have to put up with this! They are treating us like rubbish. Who, for example, has thrown my brain into my breast cavity? Am I supposed to breath through this? Is my faint blood circulation supposed to flow through it?

By all that is right and fair! This is going too far! How did I get here? As if peeled from an egg!! And my heart valve on the right side does not need to be poking out of my arse! That looks like I have got hemeroids. Soil and worms will soon be going through me. The lips of the land gnaw: And in the dark towers of the limbs Eternal earth cries out with joy. Freed from my tear-drenched Cage. Freed from hunger and the sword. And as the seagulls flee in winter Over the sweet water: Where does my breast come to an end?

Where does my stomach start? Where can we find your excrement fistula, someone asks? A completely different constitution. The navel has been thrown overboard. Back to nature seems the best way to go. Men, hairy and randy. Women, cowardly and deceitful, Driven out of your shit-lives, Whined around by human beasts.

I have ascended like a youg eagle. Deine Stimme, Augenausdruck, Ohrläppchen Sind mir ganz piepe. Ich will mich über dir ausbreiten. Ich will ein ausgeschlenkertes Meer sein, du Affe! Your voice, the expression in your eyes, your ear lobes Mean nothing to me. I want to push you in your shoulders. I want to spead myself over you. I want to be a sea at high tide, you idiot! Dirnen Eine entkleidet ihre Hände. They are soft, white, large, As if from the flesh of the womb.

Ten naked redskin heathens danced around the edifice and bleated An ape-song to death: You are simply spraying around the dirt from a puddle And are squashing underfoot a mound of worms when You crush us, We are and do not want to be anything more than filth. They have lied to us and deceived us With talk of God, purpose and meaning And gave you as a payment our sins.

For us you are the enticing rainbow Stretched over the peaks of joy. Ich liebe eine Hure, sie heisst To. Sie ist das Bräunlichste. Ja, wie aus Kähnen Den Sommer lang. Ihr Gang sticht durch mein Blut. Sie ist ein Abgrund wilder, dunkler Blumen. Kein Engel ist so rein. Ich liebe eine Hure. I love a whore called To. Yes, as if made from a vessel All through summer. Her step cuts through my blood. She is an abyss of wild, dark flowers. No angel is so pure.

Oh, durch die Nächte schluchzt bis an die Sterne Mein Männerblut. Moistness, a pure intoxication. Oh yes, a child! But how to get one and not — feel ashamed. I dreamt once that a young birch-tree Had given me a son. A violet song from the heavens Sung to the buds of young roses.

Oh, through the nights there sobs unto the stars My male blood. Vor einem Kornfeld Vor einem Kornfeld sagte einer: Da lobe ich mir den tiefen Alt des Mohns. Da denkt man an Blutfaden und Menstruation. The loyalty and fairy-tale loveliness of the cornflower Is a nice sign for the beauty of womankind. I prefer the deep alto of the poppy. It reminds me of patches of blood and menstruation. Of hardship, the death-rattle, hunger and extinction — In short: Ein Klümpchen Schleim in einem warmen Moor.

A piece of algae or a dune of sand: Formed by the wind and heavy at its base. Even the head of a dragonfly or the wing of a gull Would be too much, and would suffer too deeply. II Despicable are the lovers, the mockers, Despair of all longing, and those who hope. We are such sickly corrupted gods. The dark dreams of the woods. The stars, huge as blossoming snowballs and heavy. The panthers spring soundlessly through the trees. Eternally calls the sea —.

My love knows few words. It is so beautiful by your blood. Come into my burrow. Let us be bright flesh. Until the shadows of the cedars rear over the little lizard: Roses bloom in my hair.

My front paws are long and hairy. Longing for the boughs of trees. From strong thumbs you can hang down the whole day long. All is decided on the first night. I grip with my teeth the thing that I desire.

Hyenas, tigers, vultures are my emblems. You are now crossing the water. So like a sail yourself. And yet bitter red, the blood inside is dead, The mouth is a crevice full of screams. You, let us not land on a shore! You make love to me like a leech: I want something from you. You have cornstalks on your hat. Your back is brown from your Maccabee blood.

Ein Bröckel Tod stinkt immer aus der Ecke — Pfei darauf! The Robbers-Schiller I bring plague. From the edge of the world I come here. At times, there is something that runs together in my mouth: If I were to spit it out, the stars would hiss, And the entire cowardly boozy lot and the blood of Abel would go under. Because my mother cries? You now impotent gorges! Pretty soon a few handfuls of earth Will be fertilising you. In me, however, the brain rages like a flight of clouds.

And that touch of infection that trickled into my blood from the slime of a whore? A crumb of death is forever stinking in the corner — Sod it! Das Affenlied Ihr Spiel Gottes! Von meinem kaum getrennt! Durchrausche mich noch einen Tag! Stunden frühere, ausgelebte, Da wir noch reif am Ufer hockten: Ape song You jest from God!

Heavens are the shadows Of the great forests around your fur. Sleeping, feeding, breeding quietly ripens on the Summer land of your blood. From mine barely different! One and the same. Rage through me again for just one day! There was the sea and there was the earth — See these hours once lived out, Oh, the return of all these longings Assemble around you!

Madonna Do not give me back yet! I have totally expired on you. And am completely intoxicated In you. The world is dead. The heavens sing stretched out against the stream of stars, bright and full. Everything is resounding in my heart. Deeply fulfilled and so beautiful sings the hunting pack of my blood.

Das Fett wird ranzig and hat ausgepaart. O was in Lauben unseres Flesichs geschah! Verwirrt im Haar, in Meer. Over graves This one slaves away and bakes, bent throughout the night With rotten meat, following an old baking method. Finally the pig broke his legs. His fat became rancid and fell away. Aegean are our tides. Oh, look what has happened in the foliage of our flesh! Tangled in our hair, in the sea, our breasts bleed in dancing, in the summer, by the strand and Ithaka.

Du Kranke, tief im Flor Der dunklen Brauen! Die Geigen schimmern einen Regenbogen. May surrounds the harp. The palm trees redden. In the desert wind. Rahel, a slim goldwatch at her wrist: Protecting her sex and threatening the mind: She is the enemy!

Your hand however is as if from earth: Sweetly-brown, almost eternal, wafted by womb. Friendly Earring turns up. The bright Easter lillies are so lovely: Their wide mouths yellow, with meadows at their feet.

Oh summer ripened back! Oh These elbows drenched with jasmine! Oh I am good to you. I stroke Your shoulders. Pregnant with roses, The plains. Fields Expire into their asphodel death. Lips, bold and deeply filled like chalices, As if blood from its sweet place was hesitating, Roaring through a mouth of early autumn. Oh the sorry brain. You sick thing, deep in the bloom Of your dark brows!

Wants to go deeper into her hand. The bell flowers, enclosed in your scarve, The white cross of your parted hair and teeth Contrasts, when you laugh, so sweetly with your brown skin! You steep, white land! You are the intemperance of my blood. The relaxed expanse of your shoulder blades! The delicacy of the skirt around your knee! You river bank with dragonfly! You, from the sides of a bowl ascending In bursts of violets.

Surrounded by breasts loudly bloomed! Oh autumn and a return home across this sea! The grey shores lie impotent. No boats, no sails flutter. Who will take me now in winter time?! From so many distances blown together. From so many stars newly-born. Just before this river bank: Untergrundbahn Die weichen Schauer. Wie aus warmen Fellen kommt es aus den Wäldern. Ein Rot schwärmt auf.

Through full spring the new female comes. She wears her stockings, stretched. But there, where they come to an end, is beyond my reach. I sob at their edge. Sultry fecundity, alien moistures. Oh, how her mouth devours the tepid air!

Life is now beneath her dress: I am a wretched dog-brain, heavy hung with God, sick of the mind. Oh, that a frame of clustered blooms should gently take its place, and swell and stream and shudder. I long to wander. Songs from the gardens.

My hands work for my daily bread. I remain to myself still distant, but I will become me! There lies someone deep in my blood who cries for heavens of gods and earths of men, which he has made for himself. My mother is so poor: We live in a narrow sty, built at the bottom of the village. My youth is like a scab to me, with a wound beneath. Blood drips everyday from it. That is why I am so disfigured. Sleep I do not need, and food only enough to stay alive. The struggle is relentless, and the world bristles with points of swords, each of which hungers for my heart.

Ich aber will tanzen durch dich schleierlos dein Blut. A Troop of strident sons did cry A troop of striding sons did cry: Made adroit with weapons, to free ourselves, we have become haters, beyond redemption.

When we came into this world blood-stained, we were more than we are now. Now sorrow and praying have cut us down and made us small.

We live small lives. We want small things. And our feelings, like tame animals, are eating out of the hand of our will.

But there are times when desires well up, strong from deep within our blood, their wings like the eagle, as if they wished to broach a flight away from the shadows of the earth.

But the mother of cares and prayers, the earth, allied to you, will not let them go from her old and wrinkled body. But I will have my own blood. I tolerate no other gods beside me. Covered in purple, my beauty persists day and night for you. Why are you trembling? I trained my tendons to be swift for your desires. O give them to me! Clean out my hall. Yellow salivating skeletons of white-haired and sullen blood threaten me.

I, however, will dance. Sie schmerzt nicht immer. Nur manchmal plötzlich bin ich blind und spüre Blut im Munde. Mother I bear you like a wound upon my brow that will not close. The pain sometimes abates, and my heart flows from it still alive. Only now and then I suddenly become blind, and feel blood in my mouth.

You, my life is lived on the strand and under the falling blossom of the sea. Egypt is spread before my heart, and Asia is dawning. One of my arms lies in the fire. My blood is ash. Leaving breasts and bones behind me, I sob my way towards the Tyrrhenian islands: There glimmers a valley with white poplars, an Ilissus with shores of meadows: Schnellzug Das Gleitende, das in den Fenstern steht!

Past my shoulders crumble the fields, the arbours, and the overgrown villages; long-forgotten mothers; the entire land, a grave full of fathers: That which is festering sounds loudly with its sick voices: Where did we ever come close to happiness?

We, a small forest, without eagle or game. Paltry blooms blossom in pale tones in our meadows. The heart cries out: You comforting, blossoming hand! The broad fields of abandonment! The red of the rowanberry already is of blood. Oh, be with me! It is so silent in the gardens. But the passing that faces me in the windows. Past my shoulders crumble the fields, fathers and the grief of hills and the happiness of hills —: The sons have grown tall.

Flowers I-II I In the room of a pastor between crosses and images of Christ, Jerusalem relics and Golgatha wreaths a bouquet of roses blooms blissfully beyond the shores: We may now happily pass away. There is no thorn in our blood. October animals to teh right andleft: II A sea, entirely poisened by the grey blood of autumn, has made me sick. Startled, the river bank, devoid of joy and barren of leaf receives my final step as words of commital.

Then in a park there was a flower bed: It bloomed over this entire misery, the sea, the clouds and the storm in the garden. I am completely indestructible! I burn away the cold countenance of death. As everything red, glowing and flaming rushes from my limbs! Good morning to you! Der Mond fiel hinterher. Sog Schluckweis Erbrochenes zurück. Gab Stein statt Brot Dem atemlosen Blut.

Finish I The spittoon — not in the least able to contain such large warm green emissions — finally broke apart. The moon dropped down. Sucked Backed the vomit in gulps. Gave to breathless blood Stone instead of bread.

II The little clot smelled like a chicken coup, moved here and there. The grand-daughter palyed the old game: When grandma is asleep: Around her collar bones the cavities were so deep That she could hide beans in them.

A ball could even be fitted into her throat, if one blew the dust out of it. III For him it was all about the spittoon with plum stones. Then he crawled in and cracked open the stones. He was thrown back into his box bed. And he burrowed into his straw. Towards evening the head keeper came And rebuked the warden: You bloody lazybones, Why has the box not been cleaned up yet? IV For weeks they held the heads of their children, When they had returned from school, high in the air: Then a little breeze went through and she could sleep.

Then one bent down once by mistake And his head fell out of his hands. Hung over his shoulders Deep blue. V Requiem A coffin gets work and a bed becomes empty.

When one considers it: How white they are! Like sheets Of snow. Oh, border of the great winter land Of comforting snow: Nearness and distance are one and made equal. We flakes blow into the field, and then a piece, Then is the final spark of the world exstinguished.

Ob du noch kommst, Ick kann mir doch mein Brot mit Schinken kofen. Die kalte Nacht verwölkt die Sterne. Der Mond verirrt sein Gold in diesen Gram. His eyes slide to and fro. A little snout daubs a laugh into the air: Will you still come with me, I can still fit a bit of ham on my bread.

Semen-ready sits at every table with feathers In her hat and puts out her legs, sucks up her hips Full of semen ever more brazenly to her womb. A song curves a dome into the table Of glass: The moon mixes its gold into this misery. Dann schiebt man ein Und stürzt: Ich war so sehr allein. Das Weserlied erregt die Sau gemütlich. Die Lippen weinen mit. Da sitzt sie mit der Laute.

Der Ober rudert mit den Schlummerpünschen. Er schwimmt sich frei. The history of civilization shows that cooler periods have less precipitation than warmer times. It seems counter-intuitive, but warm air has a higher water carrying capacity and this leads to more rain. For example, the Sahara is now becoming greener as Carbon Dioxide and air temperature go up. The end of the last ice age led to a meter increase in sea level, whereas that predicted for the next fifty years is a paltry 32 centimeters at most, Average near-surface temperatures of the northern hemisphere during the past Wassertemperaturen der vergangenen Jahre.

Greenland Ice Core data: Almost all of the past 10, years were warmer than the past years. Die kalte Sonne en The past is the key to the future: Temperature history of the past 10, years. Temperatures for almost all of the 10, year record were higher than those in Thawing out has occurred since the Little Ice Age, but temperatures are not yet back to where they had been for almost all of the Holocene.

Es ergab sich eine überraschend gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Sonnenaktivität und asiatischer Klimaentwicklung siehe Abbildung. The IPCC thinks the sun plays nary a role on climate and that anthropogenic factors explain almost the entire warming since Using multiple Antarctic and Greenland ice cores and global tree-ring data, the scientists reconstructed solar activity over the last years. They also used the so-called cosmogenic beryllium and carbon isotopes 10Be and 14C, whose frequency on Earth is controlled by the strength of the sun's magnetic field, and thus by solar activity.

The group carried out a spectral analysis of the new solar activity curves and found, as expected, the usual characteristic solar cycles, among them also.

The cycles are superimposed by the longterm rising and falling signal of orbital changes associated with the Milankovitch cycles. The Milankovitch cycle is in part responsible for the warm temperatures of the Holocene Optimum years ago, when it was considerably warmer than today.

Steinhilber and his colleagues removed these orbital signals from the data in order to filter out the primary solar activity. They then compared the new solar activity reconstruction with a climate dataset earlier obtained by colleagues in a Chinese cave covering the last years. The fluctuations in the 18O-oxygen isotope concentrations show the precipitation fluctuations and the intensity of the Asian monsoons.

What resulted was a surprising agreement between solar activity and the Asian climate development see Figure 1 above. Kubik, Mathias Mann, Ken G. McCracken, Heinrich Miller, Hiroko Miyaharag, Hans Oerter, and Frank Wilhelms en 9, years of cosmic radiation and solar activity from ice cores and tree rings. Abstract Understanding the temporal variation of cosmic radiation and solar activity during the Holocene is essential for studies of the solar-terrestrial relationship.

Cosmic-ray produced radionuclides, such as 10Be and 14C which are stored in polar ice cores and tree rings, offer the unique opportunity to reconstruct the history of cosmic radiation and solar activity over many millennia. Although records from different archives basically agree, they also show some deviations during certain periods. So far most reconstructions were based on only one single radionuclide record, which makes detection and correction of these deviations impossible.

Here we combine different 10Be ice core records from Greenland and Antarctica with the global 14C tree ring record using principal component analysis.

The new cosmic radiation record enables us to derive total solar irradiance, which is then used as a proxy of solar activity to identify the solar imprint in an Asian climate record.

Though generally the agreement between solar forcing and Asian climate is good, there are also periods without any coherence, pointing to other forcings like volcanoes and greenhouse gases and their corresponding feedbacks. The newly derived records have the potential to improve our understanding of the solar dynamics and to quantify the solar influence on climate. Abstract Surface winds and surface ocean hydrography in the subpolar North Atlantic appear to have been influenced by variations in solar output through the entire Holocene.

The evidence comes from a close correlation between inferred changes in production rates of the cosmogenic nuclides carbon and beryllium and centennial to millennial time scale changes in proxies of drift ice measured in deep-sea sediment cores. A solar forcing mechanism therefore may underlie at least the Holocene segment of the North Atlantic's "year" cycle. The surface hydrographic changes may have affected production of North Atlantic Deep Water, potentially providing an additional mechanism for amplifying the solar signals and transmitting them globally.

An abrupt cooling in Europe together with an increase in humidity and particularly in windiness coincided with a sustained reduction in solar activity years ago. Scientists from the German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ in collaboration with Swedish and Dutch colleagues provide evidence for a direct solar-climate linkage on centennial timescales. The study published online this week in Nature Geoscience reports the climatic change that occurred at the beginning of the pre-Roman Iron Age and demonstrates that especially the so-called Grand Minima of solar activity can affect climate conditions in western Europe through changes in regional atmospheric circulation pattern.

Around years ago, one of these Grand Solar Minima, the Homeric Minimum, caused a distinct climatic change in less than a decade in Western Europe. The exceptional seasonally laminated sediments from the studied maar lake allow a precise dating even of short-term climate changes. The results show for a year long period strongly increased springtime winds during a period of cool and wet climate in Europe.

In combination with model studies they suggest a mechanism that can explain the relation between a weak sun and climate change. Antony Watts en Solar grand minima linked to cooling period in Europe. A quick cooling in Europe together with an increase in humidity and particularly in windiness was found to coincide with a long-term reduction in solar activity years ago during something called the "Homeric minimum".

Abstract Large changes in solar ultraviolet radiation can indirectly affect climate by inducing atmospheric changes. Specifically, it has been suggested that centennial-scale climate variability during the Holocene epoch was controlled by the Sun. However, the amplitude of solar forcing is small when compared with the climatic effects and, without reliable data sets, it is unclear which feedback mechanisms could have amplified the forcing.

Here we analyse annually laminated sediments of Lake Meerfelder Maar, Germany, to derive variations in wind strength and the rate of 10Be accumulation, a proxy for solar activity, from 3, to 2, years before present.

We find a sharp increase in windiness and cosmogenic 10Be deposition 2,? We infer that the atmospheric circulation reacted abruptly and in phase with the solar minimum. A shift in atmospheric circulation in response to changes in solar activity is broadly consistent with atmospheric circulation patterns in long-term climate model simulations, and in reanalysis data that assimilate observations from recent solar minima into a climate model.

We conclude that changes in atmospheric circulation amplified the solar signal and caused abrupt climate change about 2, years ago, coincident with a grand solar minimum. The scientists have analyzed the radioactive isotopes in trees that lived thousands of years ago. Based on a statistical study of earlier periods of increased solar activity, the researchers predict that the current level of high solar activity will probably continue only for a few more decades.

Meghalayan Jahre vor heute bis heute Mittleres Holozän: Northgrippian bis Jahre vor heute Unteres Holozän: The global body tasked with naming geological eras, the International Commission on Stratigraphy, has rejected the proposed Anthropocene epoch, the controversial 'geological' epoch in which mankind allegedly dominates natural processes. The international commission has now rejected the proposal and has instead split the Holocene Epoch into three different geological ages, all of which were primarily shaped by natural, not human factors.

The Subatlantic is the current climatic age of the Holocene epoch. It started at about 2, years BP and is still ongoing. Its average temperatures were slightly lower than during the preceding Subboreal and Atlantic. During its course the temperature underwent several oscillations which had a strong influence on fauna and flora and thus indirectly on the evolution of human civilisations.

This graph shows the average of 18 non-tree ring proxies of temperature from 12 locations around the Northern Hemisphere, published by Craig Loehle in , and later revised in It clearly shows that natural climate variability happens, and these proxies coincide with known events in human history. Loehle also published in a paper that described why tree rings can not be trusted as a proxy for past temperature variations.

Tree ring data have what is called a "divergence problem" in the late 20th Century where the tree ring data data suggests cooling, when in fact there has been warming. This, by itself, should cast serious doubt on whether tree ring reconstructions such as Michael Mann's famous "hockey stick" curve can be used to estimate past global temperature variability.

We present a reconstruction of the change in climatic humidity around the Mediterranean between yr BP. We find that changes in the position and intensity of the jet stream indicated by our analysis correlate with millennial changes in North Atlantic sea surface temperature.

A model simulation indicates the proxies of climatic humidity used in our analysis were unlikely to be influenced by climatic aridification caused by deforestation during the Roman Period.

That finding is supported by an analysis of the distribution of archaeological sites in the Eastern Mediterranean which exhibits no evidence that human habitation distribution changed since ancient times as a result of climatic aridification.

Therefore we conclude that changes in climatic humidity over the Mediterranean during the Roman Period were primarily caused by a modification of the jet stream linked to sea surface temperature change in the North Atlantic.

So wird angenommen, dass sich die Bevölkerung in Europa zwischen und fast verdreifacht hat. A look back to the Medieval Warming Period offers an insight into how things changed in the following centuries.

Most people are aware that the Vikings colonised and farmed parts of Greenland in ways that are still to this day not possible. In Europe summer temperatures were between 0. Central European summers were even warmer, as much as 1. During the height of the Warm Period, so many lords quaffed prime English wines that the French tried to negotiate trade agreements to exclude them from the Continent. Numerous examples are quoted which show how crops were grown at altitudes where crops cannot be supported today such as Dartmoor and the Pennine Moors.

In Scandinavia farming spread to meters farther up valleys and hillsides in central Norway, from levels that had been static for more than years. To the south in the Alps, tree levels rose sharply and farmers planted deeper and deeper into the mountains. During late prehistoric times, numerous copper mines had flourished in the Alps until advancing ice sealed them off; late medieval miners reopened some of these when the ice retreated. For five centuries, Europe basked in warm, settled weather, with only the occasional bitter winters, cool summers and memorable storms.

Summer after summer passed with long, dreamy days, golden sunlight and bountiful harvests. Compared with what was to follow, these centuries were a climatic golden age. Eirik the Red is credited with discovering Greenland in the 10th Century and Viking colonists followed him to set up farming settlements as far north as Godthab.

They found the green summer pastures were better than either back home in Norway or Iceland. However in the 13th Century Greenland and Iceland experienced increasing cold.

Sea ice spread south creating difficulties for Norse ships sailing from Iceland as early as By many fewer ships made the crossing to Greenland and those that did had to take a more hazardous route further south in the open Atlantic to avoid pack ice off southeastern Greenland. There is been plenty of historical evidence which confirms the existence of a much colder climate in much of Europe between the 14th and 19th Centuries.

This is not surprising because there is such a wealth of historical records and documents which has been handed down from the Europe of those days. We tend to regard alpine landscapes today such as those in Switzerland as being picturesque and think that the people there live in an beautiful idyll. In the 16th Century the occasional traveller would remark on the poverty and suffering of those who lived on the marginal lands in the glacier's shadow. Antony Watts en "Without energy, life is brutal and short".

It was not only the cold that was a problem during the Little Ice Age. Throughout Europe, the years were cooler and stormier, with late wine harvests and considerably stronger winds than those of the 20th Century. Perhaps the most infamous of these storms was the All Saints Flood in November , which worked its way northeast up the North Sea. The storm brought enormous sea surges ashore in the Low Countries, flooding most of Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Dordrecht and other cities and drowning at least , people.

In the River Ems further north in Germany, sea levels rose an incredible four and a half meters above normal. In another storm caused even greater floods in the Bristol Channel with flood waters rising 8 meters above sea level miles inland.

Later in the 17th Century, great storms blew millions of tonnes of formerly stable dunes across the Brecklands of Norfolk and Suffolk, burying valuable farm land under meters of sand. The hectare Culbin Estate had been a prosperous farm complex next to the Moray Firth until it was hit by another huge storm which blew so much sand over it that the farm buildings themselves disappeared.

A rich estate had become a desert overnight and the owner, the local Laird, died pauper three years later. The Great Storm of is recognized as the most powerful storm ever recorded in England and caused immense damage there as well as across the North Sea in Holland and Denmark. Between and , the coldest cycle of the Little Ice Age, temperatures plummeted and the growing season in England was about five weeks shorter than now. The ice lay up to 30 miles offshore along the Dutch coast and many harbours were so choked with ice that shipping halted throughout the North Sea.

Deep snow fell in England and lasted for weeks while further East people walked from Denmark to Sweden on the ice as shipping was again halted in the North Sea. Hard frosts killed thousands of trees in France, where Provence lost most of its orange trees and vineyards were abandoned in northern France, not to be recultivated until the 20th Century.

In the Thames froze so deep that a spring tide raised the ice fair on the river by 4 meters! The summer of in London was the coldest in the known temperature record and described as "more like winter than summer".

During the 17th Century conditions around Iceland became exceptionally severe. In , ice surrounded the entire coast of Iceland for much of the year, halting all ship traffic. The inshore cod fishery failed completely, partly because the fish may have moved offshore into slightly warmer water. On several occasions between and , inhabitants of the Orkney Islands were startled to see an Inuit in his kayak paddling off their coasts. These solitary hunters must have spent weeks marooned on large ice floes.

As late as , sea ice surrounded much of Iceland for as many as thirty weeks a year. The cod fishery off the Faeroe Islands failed completely as the sea surface temperature became 5C cooler than today, while enormous herring shoals deserted Norwegian waters for warmer seas further south.

As climatic conditions deteriorated, a lethal mix of misfortunes descended on a growing European population. Crops failed and cattle perished by diseases caused by abnormal weather. Famine followed famine bringing epidemics in their train, bread riots and general disorder. Witchcraft accusations soared, as people accused their neighbours of fabricating bad weather. Farming was just as difficult in the fledgling European colonies of North America where there were several severe drought cycles between and along the Carolina and Virginia coasts.

From to , cold winters and cool summers led to a series of bad harvests. Alpine villagers lived on bread made from ground nutshells, whilst in France, wine harvests were delayed till as late as November. Widespread blight damaged many crops, bringing one of the worst famines in Europe since Finland lost perhaps as much as a third of its population to famine and disease in Things did not improve.

By , Europe was struggling with yet another cold spell, when the Tambora eruption made matters a whole lot worse. In France the grain harvest was half its normal level and southern Germany suffered a complete harvest failure. In Switzerland grain and potato prices tripled, and were breadless, without work and resorted to eating "sorrel,moss and cats". Inevitably such suffering brought with it social unrest, pillaging, rioting and criminal violence.

The famine encouraged many to emigrate to America, although in Saint John's, Newfoundland, were sent back to Europe because there was so little food in town. Death tolls are hard to calculate but may have perished in Ireland, while in Switzerland the death rate could have doubled.

Sebastian Lüning and Prof. Fritz Vahrenholt found a Japanese tree-ring temperature reconstruction from , one that should have been heeded by the IPCC and Michael Mann before they took the world on a year joyride in the stolen car of "climate science". Mittelalterliche Wärmeperiode und Kleine Eiszeit in den chilenischen Anden nachgewiesen. Mittelalterliche Wärmeperiode und Kleine Eiszeit in den Anden gefunden.

Erik was on the lam from the Old Norse word lemja for killing a man who had refused to return some borrowed bedsteads. In he landed along a fjord near Qaqortoq, and then, despite the bedsteads incident, he returned to Iceland to spread word about the country he had found, which, according to the Saga of Erik the Red, "he called Greenland, as he said people would be attracted there if it had a favorable name. Erik's bald-faced marketing worked.

Some 4, Norse eventually settled in Greenland. The Vikings, notwithstanding their reputation for ferocity, were essentially farmers who did a bit of pillaging, plundering, and New World discovering on the side. Along the sheltered fjords of southern and western Greenland, they raised sheep and some cattle, which is what farmers in Greenland do today along the very same fjords. They built churches and hundreds of farms; they traded sealskins and walrus ivory for timber and iron from Europe. Erik's son Leif set out from a farm about 35 miles northeast of Qaqortoq and discovered North America sometime around In Greenland the Norse settlements held on for more than four centuries.

Animation Wasserplanet Umfahrung Grönlands und des sibirischen Nordmeers Umfahrung Grönlands und des sibirischen Nordmeers. Voyages of the Treasure Fleets, The Voyages of the Treasure Fleets, are illustrated here using an animated flash movie. Once loaded you can view the passage of the fleets using the play button. Mini Ice Age Online-Atlas einer noch immer unverstandenen Hitzephase.

The rapid expansion of the Inca from the Cuzco area of highland Peru produced the largest empire in the New World between ca. Although this meteoric rise may in part be due to the adoption of innovative societal strategies, supported by a large labour force and standing army, we argue that this would not have been possible without increased crop productivity, which was linked to more favourable climatic conditions.

The subject of the Medieval Warm Period is widely misunderstood. Not least because few today have read the works of the historian and meteorologist who first brought awareness of climate and its impact on human history to wide public attention. Changes in climate together with extreme weather events have played major roles in the history of the pre-Columbian civilizations of Central and South America of the past two millennia, including the period known as the Medieval Warm Period.

The fascination these abandoned cities hold arose because it became clear that many great cities, over a very wide area, had been abandoned before the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors. These cities and their magnificent buildings had clearly been centres of major states, supported by a vast complex of productive farms.

To name just some of the more significant cities: There is a pre Conquest history of civilisations in Central America that extends back 3, years. It's thought that humans have been in the Americas since 12, - 18, years BC.

The earliest human artefacts found so far are from Chile and date to around 11, BC. By the 15th century AD most of the Americas were quite heavily populated. In total the population of the Americas in pre Colombian times is estimated to have stood at around 40 million people - it may have been higher. Die Amerikaner dokumentieren in ihrer Studie eine Jahre andauernde Warmphase, die sich dort um das Jahr n. Im Sedimentkern findet sich in jenem Zeitabschnitt eine Lage, die reich an organischem Gehalt ist siehe Abbildung unten.

Jetzt liefert eine Studie weitere Belege für den globalen Charakter der mittelalterlichen Warmzeit. California's western Sierra Nevada had more frequent fires between and than at any time in the past 3, years, according to a new study led by Thomas W. Mittelalterliche Wärmeperiode behauptet sich im Faktencheck gegen plumpes Aktivistenpaper zur kanadischen Baffininsel. The illusive 'coup de grace' on the Medieval Warm Period. The frozen Thames, A. Hondius Original painting in the collection of the Museum of London.

As you can see in the graphic above from Usoskin these dates correspond pretty much with the midpoints of the Wolf and Spörer solar minima. Usoskin centers Wolf at with a duration of 70 years and Spörer at with a duration of years. In fact, he tried to hide it, claiming that the onset of snow and ice growth coincided with periods of especially high volcanism debunked both by Willis and by Wired , while dismissing the solar explanation with a misleading reference to the Maunder Minimum:.

Kommt jetzt eine neue Kleine Eiszeit? Das folgende Video diskutiert, wie Chinas Landwirtschaftsstrategie aussehen könnte:. Do they know what the climate in Africa will change to this solar minimum and is why they are investing so heavily in N. Africa for future food production areas? Basler Zeitung de Hier machte es bei Markus Ritter klick.