Download Businessmen in Arms: How the Military and Other Armed Groups by Elke Grawert and Zeinab Abul-Magd PDF

By Elke Grawert and Zeinab Abul-Magd

The Arab Uprisings have introduced renewed consciousness to the function of the army within the MENA quarter, the place they're both the spine of regime strength or a vital a part of patronage networks in political platforms. This selection of essays from overseas specialists examines the commercial pursuits of armed actors starting from army companies in Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Jordan, Sudan, and Yemen to retired army officials’ monetary endeavors and the internet of investment of non-state armed teams in Syria and Libya. a result of mixed strength of commercial and hands, the army frequently manages to include or quell competing teams and hence, to revert achievements of progressive activities.

This survey of transportation monetary coverage can pay homage to "Techniques of Transportation making plans" via John R. Meyer. It covers the fundamental analytic equipment utilized in transportation economics and coverage research, makes a speciality of the car, and covers key city public transportation concerns.

If unfastened exchange is simple and priceless, why are nationwide governments nonetheless subsidizing their industries with various zeal? utilizing figures from eu Union individuals, the amount highlights the conditional results of globalization, asset specificity, and family associations. faraway from being impotent, democratic states face politically robust pressures to proceed to guard social actors from the vagaries of the worldwide industry.

From the 1st inventory markets of Amsterdam,London, and ny to the billions of digital trade transactions at the present time, privately produced and enforced fiscal rules are extra universal, more advantageous, and extra promising than often thought of. In deepest Governance, well-known economist Edward Stringham offers case reports of some of the different types of deepest enforcement, self-governance, or self-regulation between deepest teams or participants that fill a void that govt enforcement can't.

An research of the politics of transition in Hong Kong, targeting the tug-of-war among China and Britain on democratization, and at the interactions among the more and more politically energetic humans of Hong Kong and the democratizing colonial regime. The successes and screw ups of British coverage because 1984, and the overlooked possibilities to democratize swifter sooner than Governor Patten's appointment in 1992 are tested.

Additional info for Businessmen in Arms: How the Military and Other Armed Groups Profit in the MENA Region

Example text

Ibid. 56. , 190. Kaldor, New and Old Wars. Ibid. 59. Brömmelhörster and Paes, The Military as an Economic Actor, 194. 60. Mehler, “Oligopolies of Violence in Africa South of the Sahara,” 539–48. 61. Mehler, Lambach, and Smith-Höhn, “Legitimate Oligopolies of Violence with Particular Focus on Liberia and Sierra Leone,” 7–8. Bakony, Hensell and Siegelberg, Ökonomie und Herrschaft nichtstaatlicher Akteure in den Kriegen der Gegenwart. 63. von Boemcken, Between Security Markets and Protection Rackets: Formations of Political Order.

3 During this period, many military regimes adopted socialism. Nazih Ayubi explains that in the 1950s and 1960s, global and Middle Eastern military institutions introduced themselves as more organized, educated, technologically advanced, and able to modernize their societies. ”5 By the end of the Cold War, many military regimes that had previously adopted socialism came under pressure to enter a transformation process toward a market economy, and many had to transition to civilian democracies. Forced to adjust to substantial budget cuts due to neoliberal reform schemes, armies in transforming states engaged in civilian production to compensate for their financial and political losses.

While former army officers occupied high positions in every part of the country, they preferred certain locations where influence and wealth were concentrated. For example, the majority of governors of provinces were retired army generals, and if they did not make it to governor, they served as governors’ chiefs of staff, or as directors of small towns, or heads of both the wealthy and the poor but highly populated districts in Cairo. They ran administrations in key places such as the tourist regions of Upper Egypt, all of the Suez Canal provinces, the two Sinai provinces, the major Nile Delta areas, and Alexandria.