Mathy, Karl

Born on March 17, 1807 in Mannheim, Karl Mathy mastered the classics
before entering a course of public finance (Kammeralwissenschaft)
at Heidelberg, where he joined a patriotic student association. Under
investigation for subversive activities in the early 1830s, he renounced
a bureaucratic career when his request for permission to marry was denied
and fled to Switzerland to avoid arrest. By this time themes of his life
struggle against arbitrary government and German disunity were set. Ever
a high-level publicist, he wrote expertly on various questions relating to
German unification for newspapers, scholarly journals, and Rotteck's famous Staatslexikon.

Returning to Baden in 1840 he published a parliamentary journal which
reported on the sessions of the lower house for all Germany to read. Elected
in 1842 to that body along with a generation of new politicians his well-
reasoned, non-doctrinaire speeches revealed a practical mind which preferred
to build on the existing rather than start over from the new. A staunch
advocate of constitutional government, he stood to the left of most liberals
in his support of state action to aid victims of economic crises, as in the
1847 proposal to subsidize three failing factories. That same year he founded
the Deutsche Zeitung in collaboration with the Mannheim millionaire,
Friederich Bassermann, to propagate liberal reform and nationalist views.

In February 1848 Mathy supported working through the confederation by
abolishing its repressive measures, fulfilling the national reforms it had
promised three decades earlier and introducing an elected national repr
esentation at Frankfurt. He opposed republicanism as divisive, because
monarchical feelings were still strong in north Germany, which lacked the
south's parliamentary experiences. With unusual courage and singleness of
purpose, Mathy thwarted a revolutionary upheaval in Karlsruhe on March 1
when he spoke to an agitated crowd against immediate discussion of a radical
petition. The chamber, not the crowd, he argued, constitutionally represented
the people of Baden. In April he made a citizen's arrest of Joseph Fickler
in the Karlsruhe railway station as he was on his way to Constance to join
the Friedrich Hecker uprising. This confirmed the split between him and the democratic, republican left.

Though he was brought into Johann Bekk's liberal ministry, Mathy's
real interests lay not in Karlsruhe, but in national questions. Present
at the preparliament in Frankfurt, he was elected to the national assembly,
where he sat, somewhat uneasily, among the Casino faction of right centrists.
Named national finance minister, he yielded the post to a Prussian in the
interest of national unity and became the ministry's under-secretary. He
devoted his time to that task and to journalism rather than taking an
active role in the debates. In his newspaper articles he strived to win
support for compromise in dealing with individual states and for keeping
Austria within the nation. He resigned from the national assembly on May
21, 1849 only after all hope of a moderate, liberal solution was wrecked.
Mathy's interest in politics and journalism continued, though he had lost
sympathy for parliamentary government. Long an advocate of Prussian
leadership in Germany he was appointed to head Baden's ministry in 1866
after the battle of Sadowa and founded the National Liberal party in Baden. He died on February 2, 1868.