Nevendon (St. Peter)

NEVENDON (St. Peter), a parish, in the union
of Billericay, hundred of Barstable, S. division of
Essex, 5¾ miles (S. E. by E.) from Billericay; containing 216 inhabitants. The parish is small, and pleasantly
situated in a valley, from which circumstance it is supposed to have derived its name. The living is a discharged rectory, valued in the king's books at £10. 13. 4.,
and in the patronage of the Rev. V. Edwards: the tithes
have been commuted for £254; there are 7 acres of
glebe. The church is a small ancient edifice.

Newall, with Clifton

NEWALL, with Clifton, a township, in the parish
of Otley, Upper division of the wapentake of Claro,
W. riding of York, ¾ of a mile (N. N. W.) from Otley;
containing 253 inhabitants. The township is situated
to the north of the river Wharfe, and comprises about
1440 acres of arable and pasture land, the former chiefly
in Clifton, and the latter in Newall. The Hall was
anciently the residence of Edward Fairfax, translator of
Tasso's Jerusalem, who lived in the reigns of Elizabeth
and James I. At Clifton is a school-house in which
divine service is performed every Sunday.

New Alresford.—See Alresford, New.

NEW ALRESFORD.—See Alresford, New.—
And all places having a similar distinguishing prefix will
be found under the proper name.

Newark

NEWARK, an ancient chapelry, in the parish of St.
John the Baptist, Peterborough, union and soke of
Peterborough, N. division of the county of Northampton, 1¾ mile (N. E. by N.) from Peterborough;
containing 185 inhabitants. The chapel, dedicated to
St. Mary Magdalene, is in ruins.

Newark-Upon-Trent (St. Mary Magdalene)

NEWARK-UPON-TRENT (St. Mary Magdalene), a borough, market-town, and parish, having
exclusive jurisdiction, and
the head of a union, locally
in the S. division of the
wapentake of Newark, S.
division of the county of
Nottingham, 20 miles (N.
E.) from Nottingham, and
124 (N. N. W.) from London;
containing 10,220 inhabitants. The origin of this place has been ascribed to the
Coritani, a tribe of ancient Britons; and it is supposed
to have been subsequently a station of the Romans: it
was the Sidnacester of the Saxons, and the whole town
having been destroyed by the Danes, the name of New
wark was given to that erected on its site. Here was
a castle, probably erected by Egbert, the first King of
England, and which has been emphatically designated
"the Key of the North;" it was repaired by Leofric,
Earl of Mercia, who was governor and lord of this district in the reign of Edward the Confessor. Leofric and
Godiva his wife gave the town to the monastery of Stow,
near Lincoln. In 1125, the castle was almost entirely
rebuilt by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, who obtained a
royal charter for establishing a mint here. In 1139,
that prelate, having engaged in an insurrection against
Stephen, was sent a captive to his own castle at Newark,
and was compelled to purchase his liberty by the surrender of this and other fortresses to the crown. During
the baronial wars in the reign of John, Newark was a
royal garrison; and in order to put an end to the depredations of the troops, the Dauphin of France, whose
interposition had been sought by the barons, ordered
Gilbert de Gaunt, Earl of Lincoln, to proceed against
the garrison with a considerable force; but on intimation
of the approach of John at the head of a large body of
troops, the earl returned to London. The king himself,
having in his march sustained great loss, was seized
with a fever; and being carried on a litter to Sleaford,
and thence to Newark Castle, he expired here, October
19th, 1216. The fortress was then given up to the
barons, who retained possession till it was besieged by
the Earl of Pembroke, when, after eight days' resistance,
having surrendered, it was restored to the Bishop of
Lincoln. In the last year of the reign of Edward III.,
it was used as a state prison. In 1530, Cardinal Wolsey and his splendid retinue were accommodated here,
on their way to Southwell.

Seal and Arms.

In the reign of Charles I., Newark was garrisoned for
the king: it held in subjection the whole of this county,
excepting the town of Nottingham; and a great part of
Lincolnshire was laid under contribution. Here the
king established a mint, and issued various pieces of
money bearing the impress of a castle, and others with
the royal arms and crown, with the dates 1645 and
1646. During this contest the town sustained three
sieges: in the first all Northgate was burnt by order of
the governor, Sir John Henderson; in the second, when
under the government of Sir John (afterwards Lord)
Byron, the town was relieved by the arrival from Chester
of Prince Rupert, who, according to Clarendon, in an
action between his forces and the parliamentarians under
Sir John Meldrum, on Beacon Hill, half a mile eastward
of the town, took 4000 prisoners and thirteen pieces of
artillery. In the third siege, after the display of much
prowess and several vigorous sallies, the fortress remained unimpaired: subsequently Lord Bellasis, then
governor, surrendered the town to the Scottish army, by
the king's order, on May 8th, 1646. At the close of
this siege, the works and circumvallations were demolished by the country people, who were ordered to come
with pickaxes, &c.; the only portions remaining are two
considerable earthworks, called the King's sconce and
the Queen's sconce, one of which is nearly entire. About
the same time the castle was destroyed.

The town is neatly built, and consists of several
streets, which are paved, and lighted with gas, under
the provisions of an act of parliament passed in 1839;
the inhabitants are well supplied with water. It is situated in a level tract on the eastern branch of the Trent,
which joins the main river about a mile below. A
lateral stream, uniting the two rivers above the town,
forms rather an extensive island on the north-west,
which is remarkably fertile; over this the London road
passes, the river being crossed by a handsome bridge.
About 350 yards from the site of the old castle is the
ancient bed of the Trent, the current of which was diverted, partly by a cut formerly made from it to the
brook at Kelham, and partly by obstructions occasioned
by the Newark mills. The town is approached from
the north by an excellent turnpike-road, constructed
about the year 1770, over the Trent vale, from Newark
bridge to Muskham bridge, having fourteen bridges and
96 arches, at irregular distances: the undertaking was
completed by Mr. Smeaton, at an expense of £12,000.
Newark bridge, which crosses the river in the vicinity of
the castle, was originally of wood, but in 1775 it was
rebuilt of brick, faced with stone, by Henry, Duke of
Newcastle. Under the sanction of an act of parliament
obtained in 1793, great improvement has been effected
in the town, from funds vested in the corporation. The
"Newark Stock Library" was established in 1825, and
a new building has been erected in the market-place
by Lord Middleton, and presented by him, as a library
and newsroom, to the shareholders. Concerts and
assemblies are held in the town-hall; and there is a
theatre.

The prominent commercial feature of the town is its
very extensive trade in malt and flour. Of the former,
50,000 quarters are annually sent to Manchester, Liverpool, and London, exclusively of supplies to the midland
counties; and of the latter, upwards of 80,000 sacks are
disposed of every year, by two mercantile houses alone:
the revenue received from the town is about £92,000.
The Trent navigation, which has been rendered very
convenient by the construction of warehouses, and of
wharfs, offers facilities for the conveyance of corn, coal,
cattle, wool, and other commodities; and the corn
market here is one of the largest in this part of the
kingdom. The Nottingham and Lincoln railway passes
by the town, and in 1846 an act was obtained for a railway from Rolleston, near Newark, through Mansfield,
to Clay Cross, near Chesterfield. Another act was
passed in 1846 for a railway from Newark to Gainsborough; and the great railway from London to York
will pass by. An extensive iron and brass foundry is
carried on; more than 300 persons are engaged in a
weaving and bleaching establishment; and among other
branches of business is the preparation of terra alba, for
paper-mills. Large quantities of gypsum and limestone
are obtained in the neighbourhood, the former of which
is calcined and pulverized for the use of sculptors and
plasterers, and sent to London. The market is on
Wednesday; and fairs, principally for cattle, are held
on the Friday after Mid-Lent Sunday, on May 14th,
Whit-Tuesday, Aug. 2nd, Nov. 1st, and the Monday
before December 11th. In the year 1800, a cheesemarket was established, to be held on the Wednesday
before October 2nd: and a market for fat stock, first
held on the 12th of November, 1839, takes place every
fortnight.

Several incorporated guilds existed, but the town
does not appear to have been incorporated before the
3rd of Edward VI., whose charter, confirmed and extended by Queen Elizabeth and James I., was superseded by that conferred by Charles I. in the second
year of his reign, which was modified and enlarged by
Charles II. The corporation now consists of a mayor,
6 aldermen, and 18 councillors, under the act of the 5th
and 6th of William IV., cap. 76; the number of magistrates is ten. It is uncertain when the borough was
first represented in parliament, but there was a contested election in 1592, when one member appears to
have been returned; two members were first sent in the
29th of Charles II. The mayor is returning officer.
The borough is divided into three wards, and comprises
the whole parish of Newark, with the castle precincts
and water-mills in the adjoining parish of East Stoke.
A court of record is held by the recorder for the cognizance of pleas to the amount of £300; sessions take
place quarterly; and the sessions for the hundreds of
Newark and Thurgarton are held as often, at the county
hall in Cartergate. The county magistrates hold a pettysession on alternate Wednesdays. The powers of the
county debt-court of Newark, established in 1847, extend over part of the registration-districts of Newark
and Southwell. The town-hall, which stands in the
market-place, is a stone edifice, built by the corporation,
under the superintendence of Mr. Carr, out of the produce of testamentary estates for the improvement of the
town; the expense of its erection was £1790, and two
wings have since been added: the room used for assemblies is handsomely finished.

The parish comprises by computation 1767 acres, of
which 1176 are arable, and 490 pasture and meadow.
The living is a vicarage, valued in the king's books at
£21. 5. 2½., and in the patronage of the Crown; net income, £325; impropriators, the Duke of Newcastle and
the Earl of Winchilsea. The church, which is one of
the largest and most elegant in the kingdom, exhibits
portions in all the styles of English architecture, and is
a cruciform structure consisting of a nave, aisles, transepts, choir, and sepulchral chapels, with a lofty western
tower surmounted by a fine octagonal spire. The base
of the tower is Norman, and in the nave are two Norman
piers. The choir is of exquisite workmanship, with ancient stone and oak stalls elaborately carved: it is separated from the nave by a rich oak screen, some parts of
which, becoming decayed, have been successfully imitated by iron castings, the work of an artist resident at
Newark. In this part of the edifice is one of the largest
engraved brasses in the kingdom, elaborately ornamented, to the memory of Allan Flemyng, who died in
1361: a portion of this has been restored by the same
artist. The large east window is in the later English
style, and the piers and arches of the nave and choir are
unusually rich. There are some excellent specimens of
stained glass in the windows. The altar-piece, an admirable painting of the Resurrection of Lazarus, by
Hilton, was presented by the artist, whose father was a
native of the town. Christ Church, Lombard-street,
erected by subscription in 1837, and consecrated by the
Archbishop of York, is a handsome structure in the
early English style, and contains 1020 sittings, of which
340 are free. The living is a perpetual curacy, with a
glebe-house; patrons, certain Trustees appointed by
the Subscribers. There are places of worship for General and Particular Baptists; Independents; Calvinistic,
Primitive, and Wesleyan Methodists; and Roman Catholics: the chapel of the Roman Catholics, dedicated
to the Holy Trinity, was completed in July 1837, at a
cost of about £3000, and is a neat edifice with a handsome tower.

The Free Grammar school was founded in 1530, by
Dr. Thomas Magnus, Archdeacon of the East riding of
Yorkshire, and a native of Newark, who, by will in
1550, bequeathed lands for the support of a "school of
grammar and a school of song." The income, amounting to nearly £2400, is thus appropriated: to the grammar school, £270; to the song school, £105; to ten
singing boys, £37. 16.; to national schools, £150; to a
dispensary, £150; to the commissioners for lighting,
paving, and improving the town, £290; and to the
churchwardens for the repair of the church, clerk's and
sexton's salaries, &c., £750; besides incidental disbursements. There are two exhibitions of £80 per annum
each, connected with the school, which are continued
for three years to those who are elected to them. Henry
Stone, by will dated July 6th, 1688, bequeathed to the
corporation £700, directing the produce to be appropriated to the foundation and support of a Jersey or
working school. Almshouses for fourteen decayed
tradesmen and ten widows, were respectively founded
and endowed under the wills of William Phillipott,
merchant, dated 1556, and George Lawrence, dated
1797; the income is £790. St. Leonard's hospital, for
four persons, was founded by Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, about 1125, and endowed with lands now producing a rental of £1246. Various other benefactions,
amounting to about £500 per annum, are applied under
the direction of charity trustees. The union of Newark
comprises 49 parishes or places, of which 24 are in the
county of Nottingham, and 25 in that of Lincoln, the
whole containing a population of 27,350.

The ruins of the castle consist of the outer walls,
which inclose a spacious area, and the elegant crypt,
with its light groined arches nearly perfect, which is
used as a coal-wharf and stables: at the north-east
angle of the western front is a square tower, and in the
centre of the elevation another; the remains of an ancient portal are visible in the north front. Of conventual buildings there are no vestiges, except the walls
of an Augustine Friary, which has been converted into a
dwelling-house: the site of the house of certain chantry
priests is now occupied by a small elegant mansion.
Six entire Roman urns of baked earth, filled with calcined bones and ashes, were found in digging for the
foundation of a house, in 1826; and on the site of the
castle, more than 100 skeletons have been dug up. The
great Roman road from London to Lincoln passed
through Newark; and in a straight line near the church
are the remains of ancient military works. Amongst
the eminent natives of the town may be enumerated, in
addition to Dr. Magnus, its munificent benefactor, John
Ardern, a learned writer on medicine and surgery in the
fifteenth century; Thomas White, Bishop of Peterborough; Dr. Lightfoot, the celebrated Hebraist; and
William Warburton, Bishop of Gloucester, born in the
year 1698. Newark confers the inferior title of Viscount
upon Earl Manvers.

Newbald (St. Nicholas)

NEWBALD (St. Nicholas), a parish, in the union
of Beverley, Hunsley-Beacon division of the wapentake of Harthill, E. riding of York; containing 973
inhabitants, of whom 738 are in the township of North
Newbald, 4 miles (S. E.), and 235 in that of South
Newbald, 4½ miles (S. E. by S.), from Market-Weighton.
The parish comprises by computation 5717 acres, of
which 3812 are in North, and 1905 in South, Newbald, the former portion principally arable land, and the
latter arable and pasture, interspersed with thriving
plantations; the surface is undulated, the soil chalk and
gravel, and the scenery picturesque. The Monckton
family, ancestors of Viscount Galway, who is lord of the
manor of South Newbald, were formerly seated here.
The living is a discharged vicarage, in the patronage of
the Archbishop of York, valued in the king's books at
£4; net income, £200. The church is a cruciform
structure, chiefly in the Norman style, with transepts,
and a tower rising from the intersection, and has several
enriched doors and arches; above the principal entrance
is a beautiful statue of Our Saviour: the font is early
English, curiously formed and ornamented. Here are
places of worship for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists. £100 per annum, the bequest of William Gill in
1728, are divided at Christmas among twenty poor
families who have not received parochial relief; and
there are some minor charities.

Newball

NEWBALL, a hamlet, in the parish of Staintonby-Langworth, W. division of the wapentake of Wraggoe, parts of Lindsey, union and county of Lincoln,
4½ miles (W. S. W.) from the town of Wragby; containing, with Reasby, 100 inhabitants.

Newbiggin

NEWBIGGIN, a township, in the parish of Dacre,
union of Penrith, Leath ward, E. division of the
county of Cumberland, 3¾ miles (W. by S.) from Penrith; containing 341 inhabitants. It comprises 677
acres, of which 500 are moor. On the inclosure in
1772, land and a money payment were assigned in lieu
of tithes.

Newbiggin

NEWBIGGIN, a township, in the parish of Middleton-in-Teesdale, union of Teesdale, S. W. division
of Darlington ward, S. division of the county of
Durham, 12½ miles (N. W.) from Barnard-Castle; containing 516 inhabitants. The township comprises by
computation 4290 acres, and is bounded on the south
by the river Tees, which separates it from Yorkshire.
A mill for smelting lead-ore found in the neighbourhood,
employs numerous hands. The village is about two
miles and a half north-west of Middleton. There is a
place of worship for Wesleyans; and a school is partly
supported by an endowment of £11 per annum, given
by Mr. William Tarn, of London, in 1799.

Newbiggin

NEWBIGGIN, a township, in the parish of Newburn, union, and W. division, of Castle ward, S. division of Northumberland, 4 miles (N. W.) from Newcastle; containing 38 inhabitants. It lies west of the
Ponteland road, and comprises 544 acres. Newbiggin
House is surrounded by fine plantations.

Newbiggin

NEWBIGGIN, a chapelry, in the parish of Woodhorn, union of Morpeth, E. division of Morpeth
ward, N. division of Northumberland, 8½ miles (E. by
N.) from Morpeth; containing 760 inhabitants. This
place, which is bounded on the east by the sea, formerly
belonged to the Balliols, from whom it passed successively to the Valentia, Dreux, Denton, and Widdrington
families. The ancient town was of some importance,
and in the 43rd of Henry III. obtained a charter for
a weekly market on Monday, and an annual fair.
Mention occurs of its pier and shipping in various old
documents; and in 1337, as a borough of no inconsiderable note, it sent bailiffs to a council on matters of
state, convened by the Bishop of Lincoln, the Earl of
Warwick, and other noblemen. The township comprises
503 acres. The village is situated on the shore, which,
being a fine smooth beach about a mile in length, is well
adapted for bathing, for which purpose the place is much
frequented during the season; there are several well-built
houses for the reception of visiters, and also an inn, in
which is a complete establishment of warm, cold, and
shower baths. The bay affords good anchorage for small
vessels, but is very little used, except for the numerous
boats belonging to the fishery of Newbiggin, in which most
of the inhabitants are employed. The fish caught are,
herring, cod, ling, haddock, salmon, trout, turbot, halibut, soles, lobsters, and crabs, of which great numbers
are taken, not only for the supply of the neighbouring
markets, but also for those of Newcastle, Carlisle, Manchester, &c.; and houses for the curing of herrings have
lately been erected. The chapel is an ancient structure,
with a tower surmounted by a spire which was built and
formerly used as a beacon. In 1805, two boats, with
nineteen men, were lost in a storm off this place, upon
which occasion £1700 were subscribed by the inhabitants of Newcastle and its vicinity for the relief of the
bereaved families.

Newbiggin

NEWBIGGIN, a township, in the parish of Shotley, union of Hexham, E. division of Tindale ward,
S. division of Northumberland, 9¼ miles (S.) from
Hexham; containing 55 inhabitants. This place, which
is pleasantly situated on the north bank of the river
Derwent, was for many years the residence of the Ord
family, of whom Robert, who died in 1778, was chief
baron of the exchequer in Scotland. The hamlet is
about one mile west of Blanchland. The tithes have
been commuted for £23.

Newbiggin (St. Edmund)

NEWBIGGIN (St. Edmund), a parish, in East
ward and union, county of Westmorland, 7¼ miles
(N. W. by N.) from Appleby; containing 140 inhabitants. It comprises 1184 acres, of which 500 are common or waste land. Newbiggin Hall is a fine old castellated mansion, erected in the year 1533, upon the site
of the previous manor-house. The living is a discharged
rectory, valued in the king's books at £4. 14. 2.; net
income, £113; patron, W. Crackenthorpe, Esq. The
church is an ancient building, repewed in 1804. Some
rocks near the Hall are represented to have formerly
borne various Roman inscriptions.

Newbiggin

NEWBIGGIN, a township, in the parish of Aysgarth, wapentake of Hang-West, N. riding of York,
8½ miles (W. by S.) from Middleham; containing 132
inhabitants. It comprises 1360 acres of land, rising
into bold moorland hills, in some of which lead-ore is
found. The impropriate tithes have been commuted for
£28. 15., payable to Trinity College, Cambridge.

Newbiggin, East and West

NEWBIGGIN, EAST and WEST, a township, in the
parish of Bishopton, union of Sedgefield, S. W. division of Stockton ward, S. division of the county of
Durham, 5 miles (W.) from Stockton; containing 37
inhabitants. This place formerly belonged to the Conyers family, with whom it continued until the beginning
of the 17th century, when Sir George Conyers, Knt.,
and his son, alienated the manor in various parcels to
their tenants, of whom the family of Widdowes appear
to have been the chief, one of them being at the time
vicar of the parish of Bishopton. The township comprises about 850 acres, of which 460 are arable, 356 pasture, 25 waste and roads, and 9 wood. The vicarial
tithes have been commuted for £9. 10.; and the impropriate for £97, payable to Sherburn Hospital.

Newbold, with Dunstan

NEWBOLD, with Dunstan, a township, in the parish and union of Chesterfield, hundred of Scarsdale, N. division of the county of Derby, 1¼ mile
(N. W.) from Chesterfield; containing 1527 inhabitants.
The manor of Newbold, at Domesday survey, was parcel
of the demesne of the crown. At the Dissolution, it
was part of the estate of Beauchief Abbey, and appears
to have been granted to Sir William West, whose son
sold it in 1570 to the Eyre family: the manor was
afterwards exchanged with the Duke of Portland. The
township comprises 3002 acres. Newbold village is
situated on a considerable elevation, commanding extensive views over a well-wooded and highly cultivated
country. There are extensive coal and iron mines, and
several manufactories of brown earthenware and stone
bottles. A Methodist place of worship was built in
1842. A school-house was erected by the executors of
George Milnes, Esq., who endowed it with land producing an income of £23. 8.; and an almshouse was
founded in 1781, by Mrs. Elizabeth Tomlinson, who endowed it with £400 four per cents., for three women.

Newbold

NEWBOLD, a hamlet, in the parish of Ouston,
union of Billesdon, hundred of Gartree, N. division
of the county of Leicester, 7 miles (S. by E.) from
Melton-Mowbray; containing 24 inhabitants.

Newbold

NEWBOLD, a liberty, in the parish of Breedon,
union of Shardlow, hundred of West Goscote, N.
division of the county of Leicester, 4 miles (N. E. by
E.) from Ashby; containing 341 inhabitants.

Newbold

NEWBOLD, a parish, in the union of Shipstonupon-Stour, Upper division of the hundred of Oswaldslow, Blockley and E. divisions of the county of Worcester, though locally in the Kington division of the
hundred of Kington, county of Warwick, 4 miles
(N. by W.) from Shipston; containing, with the hamlet
of Armscott, 439 inhabitants, of whom 300 are in Newbold. This parish comprises 1692 acres, of which 161
are common or waste. It was formerly a hamlet in the
parish of Tredington, from which it was separated pursuant to an act passed in 1833, which also directed that
a church should be erected, and a burial-ground and
parsonage-house provided. The living is a rectory, in
the gift of Jesus College, Oxford. The church was built
in 1835, by grants from the Church-Building Society
and Jesus College, and is of stone, in the pointed style,
with a tower and spire; it contains 383 sittings, of
which 322 are free. One of the free schools established
under the will of Thomas Eden is in the parish.

Newbold-Grounds

NEWBOLD-GROUNDS, a hamlet, in the parish of
Catesby, union of Daventry, hundred of Fawsley,
S. division of the county of Northampton, 3¾ miles
(W. S. W.) from Daventry; with 16 inhabitants.

Newbold, Lea.—See Lea-Newbold.

NEWBOLD, LEA.—See Lea-Newbold.

Newbold-Pacey (St. George)

NEWBOLD-PACEY (St. George), a parish, in the
union of Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwick division of
the hundred of Kington, S. division of the county of
Warwick, 5¾ miles (N. W. by N.) from Kington; containing, with Ashorn hamlet, 357 inhabitants, and comprising 1786 acres. This place had its distinctive appellation from the family of Pacey, who were anciently its
lords. Ashorn is supposed by Dugdale to derive its
name from its eastern situation from Newbold, ash, anciently written esse, implying "east," and horn, altered
from hyrne, signifying "a corner." The living is a discharged vicarage, valued in the king's books at £8. 3. 9.;
net income, £639; patrons, the Provost and Fellows of
Queen's College, Oxford.

Newbold-Revel, with Stretton-under-Foss, county of Warwick.—See Stretton-under-Foss.

NEWBOLD-REVEL, with Stretton-under-Foss,
county of Warwick.—See Stretton-under-Foss.

Newbold-Upon-Avon (St. Botolph)

NEWBOLD-UPON-AVON (St. Botolph), a parish,
in the union of Rugby, Rugby division of the hundred
of Knightlow, N. division of the county of Warwick,
2½ miles (N. W. by N.) from Rugby; containing, with
the hamlets of Cosford, Little Harborough, Little Lawford, and Long Lawford, 1248 inhabitants, of whom
476 are in the hamlet of Newbold. In the time of the
Conqueror, Newbold was held by Geoffrey Wirce; in the
reign of Henry I., by the Pantolfs; and in that of Edward I., by the convent of Pipewell and the monks of
Kirby. After the Dissolution, the lands called Newbold
Grange were granted to the Boughtons, but the manor
was obtained by Thomas Wightman, who sold it, 4th of
Elizabeth, to Sir Thomas Leigh, Knt., alderman of London, to whose heir, Lord Dunsmore, it was confirmed,
15th Charles I. The estate which belonged to the
monks of Kirby was obtained by the Boughtons of Lawford. The parish is situated on the river Avon, and the
river Swift, and comprises 3971 acres, of which 1433
are in the hamlet. Limestone of good quality for building and for manure is extensively quarried. The Oxford
canal, and the London and Birmingham and the Midland railways pass through the parish. The rateable
annual value of the canal property here is returned at
£2588, and of the railway property at £1246. The
living is a vicarage, endowed with a portion of the rectorial tithes, valued in the king's books at £14. 12. 1.,
and in the patronage of the family of Leigh; net income,
£382; impropriators of the remainder of the rectorial
tithes, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. The glebe comprises 180 acres. The church is
a handsome structure, beautifully situated near the
Avon: it contains several monuments to the different
branches of the Boughtons. A chapel of ease was
erected at Long Lawford, by the late J. Caldecott, Esq.

Newbold-Verdon (St. James)

NEWBOLD-VERDON (St. James), a parish, in the
union of Market-Bosworth, hundred of Sparkenhoe, S. division of the county of Leicester, 2¾ miles
(E. by N.) from Market-Bosworth; containing, with the
hamlet of Brascote, 660 inhabitants. The living is a
rectory, valued in the king's books at £6. 8. 11½.; net
income, £500; patron, the Rev. W. W. Greenway. The
church has been enlarged. Lord Crewe, in 1720, bequeathed a rent-charge of £20, for teaching children;
and the poor have some small sums.

Newborough

NEWBOROUGH, a parish, in the union and soke
of Peterborough, N. division of the county of Northampton, 5 miles (N. E. by N.) from Peterborough;
containing 572 inhabitants. This place, formerly called
Borough-Fen common, was some years since elevated
into a parish, and a church erected, the living of which
is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the Crown; net income, £252, with a house, and a few acres of glebe.
The village is situated midway between Peterborough
and Crowland.

Newborough

NEWBOROUGH, a chapelry, in the parish of Hanbury, union of Uttoxeter, N. division of the hundred
of Offlow and of the county of Stafford, 3½ miles
(E.) from Abbot's-Bromley; containing 742 inhabitants, several of whom are employed in weaving linen
and checks. The manor of Newborough belonged in the
reign of the Conqueror to Robert, son of Henry de Ferrers, who enfranchised 101 of his tenants here, and
granted them several immunities, so that there are now
a number of freeholders. The manor of Agardsley,
belonging to Earl Talbot, is in the chapelry. Holly
Bush, a neat mansion, stands upon a fine eminence.
The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £91;
patron, the Vicar of Hanbury, whose tithes in Newborough and Thorney-Lane have been commuted for £154.
The chapel, dedicated to All Saints, is a plain building
with a tower, erected about a century since. There are
several small bequests for instruction, and a school is
conducted on the national plan.

Newborough

NEWBOROUGH, a township, in the parish of
Coxwold, union of Easingwould, wapentake of Birdforth, N. riding of York, 8 miles (S. W.) from Helmsley; containing 111 inhabitants. It comprises 2313a.
1r. 7p. Newborough Hall is a handsome mansion,
standing in an extensive and richly-wooded park. A
priory of Black canons, in honour of St. Mary, was
founded here in 1145, by Roger de Mowbray, and at
the Dissolution had a revenue of £457. 13. 5. William
de Newburgh, the celebrated monkish historian, was a
member of the establishment.