Outline

Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that is characterized by an inflammatory infiltration of the extraocular muscles and the orbital fat. Although conservative therapy is used in this disease, it often shows a progress so that orbital decompression (OD) is indicated. Until now, only a few studies on long-term results after OD exist.

OD in the treatment of GO by endonasal or combined endonasal/transfacial approach in patients without improvement after conservative treatment is an long-term efficacious operation without major complications.