Charles De Coster

Coster, Charles De

Born Aug. 20, 1827, in Munich; died May 7, 1879, in Ixelles. Belgian writer. Wrote in French.

Coster was born into the family of the secretary to a papal nuncio but lived his entire life in poverty. He graduated from the University of Brussels in 1855. In 1856 he founded the weekly Ulenspiegel, which in the 1860’s became the mouthpiece of the country’s progressive forces. The collections Flemish Legends (1858) and Brabantine Stories (1861) are evidence of Coster’s interest in Belgium’s historical past and in the creative work of the people.

Coster’s main work—The Legend and the Heroic, Pleasant, and Glorious Adventures of Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak in Flanders and Elsewhere (1867)—appeared during the intensification of the political struggle in Belgium and the rise of the mass workers’ movement in Europe. Its plot is set in the 16th century, the age of the Dutch bourgeois revolution and the struggle against the Spanish oppressors and the Catholic Church. It is a vivid canvas exhibiting the heroic spirit of the national struggle and pictures of the peaceful life of a flourishing Flanders. Personal fates and the fate of the people are closely interwoven in a uniquely original narrative. The popular quality of this work, an epopee and a narrative poem, the real “bible of Belgium,” is expressed not only in the extensive use of folklore and in the true folk characters but also in the very revolutionary enthusiasm of the patriot-gueux and in the violent outburst of anger of the masses, who arose in defense of their homeland and freedom. The Legend retains its significance even today as an apotheosis of freedom. It opened the way to realism for Belgian literature. Coster also wrote the psychological novel The Wedding Trip (1872), the historical drama Stephanie (1878), and sketches on travels to Zeeland, Holland, and Amsterdam.

Amichai routinely conflates biographical details from different times into one poetic framework, and exploits drafts and poetic ideas that were recorded in different periods for a poem that would be written years later (incidentally, "We read Ulenspiegel" in "We loved here" is not related to the reading of German folklore as Nili Gold writes, but rather to the book Thyl Ulenspiegel by the Belgian author Charles De Coster that appeared in Hebrew translation by Shlonsky in 1949), Also "In the public garden" is not a poem on the love of Ruth and Yehuda, despite the details that Gold identifies as biographical.

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