Florida, its soil, climate, health, productions, resources, and advantages : : with a sketch of its history. A manual of reliable information concerning the resources of the state and inducements to immigration

Florida, its soil, climate, health, productions, resources, and advantages with a sketch of its history. A manual of reliable information concerning the resources of the state and inducements to immigration

fectly apted to the climate
country, and will yield a more buatlfil return to the good husband-
man than any other soil on the face of the globe. It does not look
like the.solg (UhtAlM, Ctr b4t.Ult ( V, iat ta Wttly ;adapted to

ability and strenogtb, 1imllate'a a1Itiii' gIls' 'Both -ithae zttrhet~
the chief attention of the traveler, for in them is vegetation most
rank, Inxuriant, diversified and beautiful. One realizes, upon en-
tering a hammock, the astuteness of the savage in making such a
locality the theatre .dfT;l h. et,; concealedd and deadly mode of war-
A ** *' -. .r -_ ^

the Puilque Plant, the Century Plant, Ac., have been InttuIb
flids and they both grow i gtkt psifot o th e
lhals'otbe oattlryt AM*tbws4 'b4l^ tflfeli4T ^b
from the atmaophere, they will. like the common ur'p '
thera.vitaUtyy for mastomonthsa i tt adle MttU he ,IrduUis
scarody neesary t6&add that th Beeond oetn i ofl :h
lahdl as here described, is far ,from being:mselM The t
a#lMd a most excellent: rage fort cattle, tbee bid mg ~balable i&r
their timber and the naval store whih' they can 'redae ** '
There is one general feature in the' topography tf Pia wh
no other country in the United States pnuruaeesnd wg ieh'afftibA
great security to the health of the inhabisents. It ii; this; tht th6
pine lands which form the basis of the oounttry and whick arstel
mostuniversally healthy, are nearly everywhere studded, t inter-
vals' of a few miles, with hammock lands of the richest quality.
These hammocks are not, as is generally supposed, low, wet lands';
on the contrary, they are high, dry, undulating lands, that neter
require either ditching or draining. They vary in extent fronu twen-
ty acres to twenty thousand acres, and will probably average fire
hundred-acres each. Hence, the inhabitants have it everywhere in
their power to select residences in the pine lands, at such convenient
distances from the hammocks as will enable them to'cultivate the
latter without endangering their health. Experience has satisfacto-
rily shown that residences only a mile distant from cultivated ham-
mocks are entirely exempt from malarial disease, and that the ne-
groes who cultivate the hammocks and retire at night to pineland
Ssaidenoes, maintain perfect health. indeed, it is found that reML.
dences in the hammocks themselves are generally perfectly healthy
after they have been for a few years cleared. In Florida, the di-
eases which result from these clearings are, as stated above, gen-
erally of the mildest type, (simple and remittent fevers,) whle in
nearly all the other Southern States they are most frequently of a
severe grade of bilious fever.
Te topographical feature here noted, namely, a gegeral inter-
spersion of rich hammocks, surrounded by dry, rolling, healthy pine
woods, is an advantage which no other State in the Union enjoys ;
and Florida forms in this respect, a striking contrast with LouisTa-
una, Mississippi and Texas, whoee sugar and cotton lands are gener-
ally surrounded by vast alluvial regions, suject to frequent inunda-
tions, so that it is impossible to obtain, within many miles of them,
a healthy resident.
It would eem paradoxical that the malarial diana of esat
Florida, abounding as it does in rich hammock lads andetpoed
to a tropical sun, should general be ota d tch slider bm thoan
those which prevail in more northern latitudes. That seh, hiw-
ever is the fst, there can beno doubt, fortlbd fikr tv.d by an
aCreials of evienoe, (extaudisg 'err mote tti Itnebtyr real,)
whlh t is impose iMe to estat. It is 9sgrreetda)i eaa lplC f
this o c tIthe luxurin vt tatlo which bi te .thef
EutiabriM-i ttanrtortrbefei^^ libt~k othtft'
of crroU

The situation, of Florida, in the southern part of the temperate
zone, between two eas, the great Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf. of
Mexico, and embracisg six degrees of latitude and as many of lon-
gitade, appears to be the natural cause of the goodness of its cli-
mate, for, on the one hand a southern latitude exempts it from all
the inconveniences of extreme cold, so a maritime situation, and its
lying within the course of the sea breeze that daily blows across the
peakisula, is the cause that the heat of the sun in summer is miti-
gated by the freshness of the sea air, which in a hot climate is much
more salutary than the air of an extended continent. All America
to the north of the river Potomac, is greatly incommoded by the
severities of the weather for two or three months in the winter. In
East Florida there is, indeed, a change of the seasons, but it is a
moderate one. In November and .December many trees lose their
leaves, vegetation goes on slowly, and a slight trace of winter is per-
ceived. in the northern part of Florida, above 29 or 30 degrees of
latitude, there occur frost, but not very frequent. At 28 degrees
and below, roset is unknown, -and vegetation never ceases the year
round. Snow has never been known in the State. The tender plants
of the West Indies usually remain unhurt during the winter in the
gaidems of St. Augustine.
The foas and darkt gloomy weather so common in England and
other countries ;o much surrounded by the sea, are unknown in this
oomnty. : At .the equinoxes, Specially the autumnal, the rains fall
heavily every dy between eleven o'olock in the morning and foei in
the afleMorhe/Cr some weeks together: When a shower is over,
the sky does not continue cloudy, but clears, and the un appears
spt'l Thefw eMn 4 thte seoedn aad the pmrity of the airare
plt thraeube f the health aneds of thb country. The avr-
.geo eIakry kh dAtyIf s o 2.
litii Ja :t "IC fh indtriufbTe ft*W.*efi) be

mate is healthy in the ditre nt parts of the province."

10
The peninsula of Florida is not broader, and an it fiea between two
I herkA M. tiedniA tbl t -absL usiaah

.Mwtbemifoin,.wov.hb arti nastms tiae eaMto hjtrw4Au
SiM4 bntll^iifobjin^:ta ) JC
rope, is sometimes intolerable for want of win4'itl hera,:leluUrd
i9 se h. ,hday Ltnieu wd,alni d #d1t8 i fT 1iMly
iQand way,p phat p the. Janda 4, ptB, pBee^re at a qiWW
fqirm or tiol B pie aed upon. !i.:h. : ,..: -. .: ,L,'i .," _.1,1 ir
he white ople work in the fields in the heat of the ywihot
prejudice to t eir health; gentlemen frequently' ride out in thli mid-
dle of the day, and instead of the debilitating effects of a warm
southern climate, so often spoken of by writers, tvW here see and feel
only an invigorating-effect, which enables a man to performt more
work than in any other part of the United States.
During the eighteen years of residenpq pf 1. L :Williamaein Flori-
da, the greatest heat was 96 dez. Fahrenheit in the shade, and this
took place but three or four times, and once the cold waw as low as
'26 deg. In usual seasons, the mercury ries toiablmut90 da. ia the
hottest days of mid-summer, and flls to 43 degl duringthe coldest
Wlays of winter; it is not extreme in itfr variati of teampratrta ,
neither is it rapid .in the succession. of those. tartatioas,'blt alras
nmintains thit equability and dryness of climate so -grateful tote
northern invalid, The wonderful climate exerts itself alike upoit
animal and vegetable nature. The heat is sufuilent itb tit~ialt. a
rapid and luxuriant growth, while it-is never so intetae as *tie-
eome disagreeable -.:' .. i,..
Dr. Torry says.: "Compared with the other regibhs of the Uni-
ted States, the Peninsula of Florida has .a climate wholr peaullar.
The limen orange, and the fig. fnd their genial tempr ture;, the
course of vegetation is unceasing; culinary vegetables acwcutivateM
in all seasons, and wild flowers spring up and flourish in the rdatlt
of January ; and so little is the temperature of the Iakeand rivers
diminished during the winter months, that onA may aknnet at any
time lbathe in their waters. The climate is so exceedingly ruild and
uniform, that besides the vegetables of the Southern Stesgenerally
maly of a tropical character are produced. The palmetto, or-ob-
bage: palm, the live oak, the ideoiduous cypreu.,-rand to le v'rietles
of the pine are common farther north, but the lignuh .vite, maheg.
any, logwoodd,, mangrove, .cocoa, nut, &p., .are ouqd only in the
s~utherp 5tip ~ f the Peninsula. In qpnte gtio the, aene y
9f East Florida Sp tImonth of January, tb fl o;rtrr man-A f as
tq foget thatMt is a winter 'lgdseap.. i him; rlknatUiba n. tg
e e thp bir4de f thb .tir, the.peliean an4d,lamingo,, Anda e toJUlh
a :.imuo9mtlrpyrQW.' I ,,' iii- '.^ >, -i i.
Sb y hthn adogeaopt the cimate and .ti hbmih y ,of tI f, at-
my pher? ao tnjroip frrp thyt;ll 41:&*harwpiPqi glkP
wi grow .n sotahtbheran .F,,akurg7.4l t r,
.hMc^^ ,,Wf^^

co61b6tiWn iWtift tjib ei jt jA'tA aV
tfIb'Hiot'fi tf th thtur *dIM'M
There are iti'at i't wAMl"
mend for tlitdfliltdhta, 4ilI
MiamJf pty West, and Fort' tbks,
Itas an' sky of. this last place b*& lop
tipn, and the wildnesss of the Wint<
tropical fruits, has ever been amuire
Though hundreds of invalidE *nd
to Florida froin the North and. es
the State bha been slandered ah'bein
The statemeSt of Mr. KepnedIy, th
proves, on the score of health, she
Southern State, and is very nearly tl

but three or four S
taltty is that it do,
1.00 per cent., and
In reply to a friend
in the year ending
This is but one in I
any other State in
population in 1860
per cent., 1.28.
some transient v
Providence for the
ignorant of the geI
paring the soHf of I
and Middle States,

states in the U
es not exceed
Oregon, Califl
i, he says, that
June 1st, 18504
98 in that year

valetudinai
t during,th
g insalujrij
e Superi te
stands far

Iti
Al

e first 'mate,

lion. His state
1.06 per eet t:'
)rnia an'd Mitlr
Sthe ntiumberofr
, was 983; the 1
, and is less in

visitors to Florida, ignorant of the ordinances of
preservation of health in" tropical 'regtonu, klid
nial effect of the climate upon thb soft, and com-

'Floridn with the rich
denounce the lands

as worthless, &..." It is o
by these remarks, arnd fut
climate and health are conc
ed upon the unerring test
these notices of unhealthtul
valids shows the truth of all
hope that her bright Italii
afflicted of every land, the
people of the United Stat
know and feel for once the

,ur duty to
ure article
earned Mr.
if official st
ness, and the

that has bee
an sky may
invalid of e
es may try
influence of

bottom lands of the Western
of Flbrida' as "barren sand,"
remove the prejudice caused
will explain it; but as far:4s
Kennedy's testirdony, fitand-
tatistics of facts, disprove all
e testimony of hundreds of li-

n said. It Isunar reasonable
, alWays attract thitbet tbh
very nation, and that all the
her balmy atmosphere, and
her invigorating power.

WndpiO lusdu in thdt-gua Iststb*eioi !-r0I6W
Italy,' but more favored by geograhical position than Italy. siwwS

she lies almost in the very fountain of that gulf stream whose
wft c ragmt lted ihr bmnlOl atroaspm C buE r StL 4r 1.
EIwppap; ued aloe beead e qaiiwt^. t ih |a;ir i
fr heth t Alhfiop 0i>ola tadiditAdrbledB tee ~ thi i
exhaurts the invalid both In Italy )-min iiJW!p4latp bbteb h
vital Importance that yo)a~R'st bear, ith merjle 1i anuirtiaitlit.
To flnd, eimatewhicbh sihll ao ame abe b:iP l SM~~i& 'anlilrst
requisite foraJlwbho sea sfferl g,- rdtmna tcii sbm d
pi.mpooary, afeBtions.. o, thil 4p at~he.~e aoiddgreameat
amoag phji eiausa noles {it be o0 thequstloiof the i. estdegre
of temperature; and to those who,hase ipew nally tried Aiiot ie
old and the warm: dry !litate, the heoryoaf tbh greatergod froin
the greater amount of oxygedt in the'ooldl *lr very generally yield
to the greater attaettons whlok keep one oeatoftdoorsin thb Warm
olimate. Thetheory of thecold dry air Is Wgbt fortihose whe an
resist the.cold, but the practice in nine oatoutboF>en' is wrotg.
For instace, one begins, to.oogh or expedtofiate i JttalebleOd, and
straightway his medical adviser hastens hinm a*ay to'liandbots4r
some other dry, frosty region.. Of this oaer:iwodld not doomplain
during the pleasantautuan, when a friend ean join.iu the dne wild
sport~A,but when the intense oold witerMbehteidowe/upb hbim, it
rarely bringB with.it the moral key whihiobpees the4 or for ddily
exercise in the open air, and the poor soul is actually i, me isera.
bli than he would be in his eaten home.
WHAir CbiftSUSPftIVES Xf99D.
'"I.t it be understood, then, once forall,that if theeousamptive is
to live at all, he must be ie the open air. :TkhiLradenstandiig will
lead us to a second thought before condemning:
cilma~e. M*ny :a homeless invalid haa. eadrbidl : his d&as by
crouching over. tire during the bleak, sterile moathsof a moptbern
winter-and this while his friends. wece tondly expedtig that-the
change of climate would restore him to health .
"This is not theoretical--it is what I have seny -and I have seel
such invalids desperately iborease the popular prescription of whie.
ky till a habit was formed, which made life less desirable thar' death.
Let us then, I repeat, choose a temperature fdt combutptives which
shall not he so;low *as to exhaust in resisting the ,odld: If, with
such temperoetae,:we can combine a dry, elaatio, geniaL-atlospberb,
which, permits fannel. clothing so light that the surface of thetbody
oei be freely sXted4pon, or bathwed in the surtmndiag! aitr we shall
haye supplied ne of the first conditions in theisuobetaudl treatment
of pulmonary affections. : .
I 'iDoe& the peninsula of, Florida offer tbhis4Aalble bkdiateIP I I n-
hqaitutingly say yes. andI.asert this .t,t etik of Etaditg in your
estpiation as the adrvocape. rather-;than hbejisimple;, 6rrito~ But
one comes here in mid-winter from the. Nothiwhe~'e he .had ,iben
impriod, ;y the pUttA4lstOt asd AtoaigbtwetabogitM tebubathe
fnd live hagaiy -ani u wUl d metMhngo itbe Dtamay i.naIgnces
thtMaIartbh'a.. 11o. eaAiesid. hhrhInadredha of
hqpWij l halbthke1M UafJtqpfithbeitmlbrio ;) biatny who
caktYd4eaK^ t"e"tti amdiia) ithe; othtpaMMtene-f
a14e1rwy Won e9pfAre in A ley RoO nw, 6 sh a yt-otne
fittedlho sroe aokt already in tAe I last efagro 'dlsead6*4elbefe l1tT-
=

nportant productions omitted anl no a~lluion made to many
ithatm s i rftQw r

of. qp I

oui. beu*W4.i jo)kiRUI,t SPAl 4( .re1JS
b -1101 1 Me

of cattle may be ralsedl and sustained absolutely
it at almost no P.penle, when allowed to run wilT.
Ihn of many Inlteelvigt tArymvn. that oven In the
alto *aule cana be 4 kI I p1y fed with green
S uwwf UFGW thban thbey am be
phastauge then surety here can be Ilule question

new ones. From our ownh observation the orange here is not so eare-
fully cultivated as it is about Palatka. Not so much attention is
paid to it arid the graves do not make such a fine display.- Those
on the banks of the river cannot be seen from the dense woods al-
lowed to grow alout them, under the impression that it protects the
trees.
In the garden of Mr. James Wilson,: in this city, can be seen ~ n
orange tree with fruit on it. The seed from which this tree grew
was planted by Mr. Wilson himself four years ago. A utmlber of
five-year old trees in diflfrent parts of the city have fruit on them.
Fine orange trees grow still fiirther north, about Fernandina,
that have ndver been injured by frost. The quantity of orange laud
in this State is almost unlimited. We do not advise new settlers to
rush into the cultivation in any place they may find cheap; first
make careful inquiries and take the advice of older hands who can
mhow "what to do and how tl.go about it. Every local agricultural
society should carry on the discussions, that every light may be
thrown on it at the next grand meeting of the. Fruit-Grolve'rs Asso-
ciation. .

S*' FIGS.

This tree thrives lx"st in a rich calcareous soil. We have seen no
Ihier -fruit on the MediterrLnean than anthat :produced from trees
growing on the shell and red coquina lands of our Florida coast.
It will, howcvtr, alt,'pt itself to almost any variety of noil, though
if the ground is too poor,' it will be but a barren fig tree, and if too
,uolst the fruit will be of an inferior flavor. Unlike the orange, the
fig tree should not, he pliAted where it is at all shaded by other tre.-s,
fhr the niore fully it is exl)os-,d to tli e s :nrllinethe m nu~ S y ai:l
I.lih tlavore4d will ihe the fruit.
The tree is one of the very easiest, to propazge, growing, readily
from hayers or cutting, which mn:y lbe set, out in this clirn:ite at any
time through lhe winter. perhapss the quickest way to haIve a ban.r-
ri, g tree is to lay a brImlh Iorizoitially, covering it with seven or
eight inches of ertlh; ; ; branch is snutfered to project from the earth.
which fio;'ms the fIltre of the tre,,' whilst the parts under the sur-
lace are forimwd into Irots. It iu;mlly (.in ,n,'icus l-aring the s-.c-
ond year. In Florila tihe tree % il! lear hl ree crops of' fruit, hut'the
spring crop is generally immnatuire:and I he thll crop is very scant, so
that only the sumnir crop is unich relied on, though Prof. Bich-
man, of South. C(ardlina, is of the opinion that high manuring will
produce a good early crop from il the varieties, and with some care
plenty of fruit nmy be had till the frosts of' November. When the
tree is subject to attacks from insects, the following wash is recom-
mended: To fiur gallons of'water add h lf az pound of snft Soap,
one pound of sulphur, and a 'i srter of an ounce of black pepper.
All these ingredients must be b),iledl together for twenty minutes at
least,'and when in a luke warm state. appliedd to the bark of the
troe with ai suitable brush. We ofrtn hear i aid t sai tht tiH tre!s
should never nx- Iprined, and indeed, they never should be cut ba'-k
as, we do most fruit tre.s, ,bt neither should the tree e allowed to
attain a large si'e, n t large trees h.-:tr prl:p,,)riionall' less fruit, bevid.Ms

r* From extensive e iperinitnts 'orelrees ad oliservations among
our neighbors, we find that there are no peach trees that do as well
as the native Florida varieties.
Very many trees have been imported into our State the last four
years from Northern Georgia, and from New Jersey and they have
been given a thorough trial.
The native seedlings excel them greatly. in vigor of growth and in
Searing qualities. A tree .once starters in. those colder soils and
atmospheres seems to acquire, and always after retain the habits of
slower growth and of the time of putting forth and throwing off
their leaves, peculiar to the latitude where they began life. Our
Street grow more in one.year than these strangers willing two.
For choice varieties and early fruitage, we have only to bud from
the few most excellent trees which may be found in every neighbor-
hood. We have them in the State, we are credibly infornmeu that
ripen the. last of May.:. .. .. .
.The best of.the Northern varieties may, however, be cultivated
here very successfully by, budding from the early aorts brought from
the North, although puny- in. growth, into .our vigorous seedling
Stock. In this way we get the Hale's, Troth's, Crawford's Early, /
and Early, Tillotsou with a.vigor almost equal to the.native: 1e i
do not, however, get these varieties to ripen any sooner than they
do at the-N orth.. .,i .-.r.',. .- *' .: .., .- -
.We should hesitate to risk our reputation-for, veracity with.our
friends in the slow growing regions of the. orth:upon a statement
tof the rbia facts as to the rapidity of growth of the pech- tree. in this
;latitude, .We will. venture..the assertion,, h(wew-er..ttatt we often
get fruit fom. Awo year,old trees and wo can prove by Indisputable
teiinmony, that several peaches have been picked from a tree grown
from seed planted twelve months previously % ., ,.' -.. i. -
S"Is.the peach crop a retable.,nd sure crolp?. DoB thetree suffer
. from any .nsect?'- ,! ,,, : ..' .! ; : h' :. A
We 'have resided. in Florida the last seven feair.dutrig which time
there luil, ep a fullcrop, except 4n 1873. when the crop was par-
tiaifalure, owningg to a.ostini.March.-;W know 6f:noinsect that
troubles the tee,.except: the .borer, which is anore-oc less trouble-

At this.. ratq the cost will hardly exceed'fben cents per bushel,
avino qu the clearing iud vale of land and of plants., :,. -,:..
It should;bqtakii oit ilderation, however, that.the expenae-
f cultivati. iy iSAe what. changed iby. planting .old.ad,
rhich required more.aer-cplture to keep down the gras and weeds,
rhile the plapti t! p ay.,be ,done.rcheaper .by making up the rows
rith plow, which n .nPw landn4 must bedone almost entirely by
oe,..The cost of, plating good,-and poor land however,is -the
une, so that i4qeta4 of ifteen;to. twenty cents on good land,.the
potatoes raised on.pop. land wil coat forty to. fity cents pec bushel.
Ye must, therefore try to bring our land.iotowsuch condition- as to
ring the best possible yield, which on. old land Inustbe done by
green crops or.manure. or bothas before mentioned, :f we want to
tise good and cheap .potatoes.,f;: ji .'. :' :'A ; -- ;.4 '.:'.
I will also state In connection herewith that this acre of land -p-
rred to aboyveJad one hundred young orange trees set on it at reg-
r distances pap rt,each, ofwhichl occupied a-space equal.to ten
et of row, 1,000 feet in all,; oo.nearly one-tenth oE an acre ;. but I
ve made no deduction therefore, because the plants or hills nearest
ese trees gave aucb .ap e.traordinary yield that I counted it as a
ole acre; these plants:sent roots:into the mulching of oai leaves
d grass around the- trees:and: produced from five- to -fohrteen
unds to the hill, and a similaryied was obtained from the ends of
cry row where the plants lad plenty of room. If by the proper
plication of the right kind tof manure. the land can .be' made:to
uce evenly at the rate we find in some places or spots,.we should
upwards of.400 bushels per acre ;- this is about one bushel from
enty-seven. feet., of. row,. Have dug .a bushel. fom twenty-two
t, which is at the :rate of 500 bushels per acre, and I hope every
ntber of this association will try, if only :on a small.sale, to ex-
imeutin this Isatter and give. us,the result so that.we may profit
the t~ited: experlene of .j~ua y. ..I- r. : ,>. ;;. -.J: N .. i: .:s
e all know the value of this potato, and-still nay fail to have: a
supply,,. We ofteu haar, them spoken, of as life-preservers,"
they .arv truly so withmauy,families. They are easily prepared,
are eaten not only by. man but. all the; domestic.animals includ-
the dogs, cats and cbikens, and by:proper care can bekept .the
r round. If communication, could. be had with: the North, we.
Id probably afld a profitable market there, and get other articles
xchange- for ,our ,sweet.potatoes;; but until then.,they are ioly
bleat home, and so,valuable that no farmer should tail to have
o supply. for hil ow .nq eqS ,t :;t>'t r s::;. t .... *.1;';. ?
1; : jl. &7: ;;' "' I O.,.'.', I;. b'L, I :, -, i 4,1,'. .... / ". .

.Without working ha-d for t$ Th eyinaglne that all'tbey a requre-
ed to do iso tolear plieesof 'lndmirbt'ldauthunudrodor t#b range
';'trees, a'few:-gkape&vined, peafd te ,t eit doi dlynd
.bf wa itthoresutt, orielsetum ittevrto th ind a maeehi6~i ~some
S',"hired man' wh6 has no interest iriWt?-Aii natth' 16ctui.lta they
.are..diappolited.at~ therresult, and the/ieixt'.4 tiikn' is touse
some of.the regular moded 6flueblotltl6tkInd&Lte ae. Butt tb a man
w ho.can labor and wait-4inatr'wlto 'wllW kpply his .energies and
; ihisjudgment to the work bef6rehhi'mtn.- 'ia n whoi willing to re-
*ceive new -ideas in cultivatingtvegetablt aInd' fruits' best 'adapted to
t this climate--a man whbo .wil'ultitate thtesoit;,not'as they culti-
";vate:it in.Maine or Minnesota, liut as his intelligent aud.successful
.tt neighbors cultivateit in Floridaw-to:tich'as tan we iiky C"tix oi,',
Florida offersyou a far better return fojr'yur, labi. thalh Any other
.State in the Union. .1 ; ,I .. ..!Int 4 ,, .AL I.," -
*:. '. Q.-'Is- the country, healthyP, iA.;It is--we' do.haisciills and
1t feveri butof as much milder type thatuthe-fever'andWage of Illinois,
L Michigan, Iowa, Kansas and other Westeri States.'I A'great many
; who come herm ar told that in'oder to'succeed: in'raising oranges,
; they must not stop this side of In:dian river br, perhaps, still further
out df. the 'way.i.-,Th' donsequAnce, is: that: in-their anxiety'to get
:. "below frost' theylbe ssightof that allimportant fact that healthy
i locations the first.thing t ht.stiould be'soukhiB after by the settler.
S. Our pine. lands .are -generAlly healthy, "while our 'ow, 'rich. ham-
Smocks harbor.an, occasibnal'chiU. "Butf 'with 6tdinary care and:cau-
f!'tion-you need not fear malaria%.- i :*' '*,, *i. .* '.:: T
SWe have in some.localities also some billions fever,' b't it'is of a
-* 'ery much milder type than the-.ieases of, there same class through-
out th3 West and South' West. Geheratl :Iwson, Surgeon General
of the U.: S. Army in 'an official report of his observations during
'"the Seminole wars remarks that ,*the diseases' which'-result from
S malaria are a much milder type in the.peninsula of Florida than in
asny.other.State in the Union.)': '
The records show that the ratio of deaths to the number of cases
'of remitteut fever has been much less than among the troops serving
in any other portion of the United States. In the Middle Division
of the.United States the proportion is one death to,36 cases-of re-
mittent fever; in the Northern Division, one to 5 ;' in the Southern
Division, onewto54; .inTexas, one to78; in California, one to 122; in n
.'New Mexico, one to 148; while inf Porida, it is bt one to 287."
.In short, he says "it may be: asserted without fear of refutation.
that Florida possesses a much more agreeable atd salubrious climate
than any other state or territory in the Union..
: A large classof typhoid and inflammatory diseases which prevail
at the North, and sweep off the population, and especially the chil.
S 'dren, are hardly ever heard of herb. Among' these, are typhoid
S fevers and pneumolbIc d)pthera croup .acarletia, canker, rash and
'- dysentery^ C(onsufntptsi;amoag, the, natives here ver rare

corned than by the citizens of this State....Differences of opinionex-
ist everywhere,' and .one nedn not travel to Florida toget up a9 quar-
rel by'indecently and itinteini'atelytirstling his opinions
. those, who- differ' fr~o him. Yet there i not f,Stte in.thdT ionU
where greater freedom of speech is enjoyed than id' Florida'to y.
I Inview of aUlttt is past, and with a hope for what we expect to
accomplish for the future of our'couutry, the settler'can afford to
ignore all.dead issues 'nd-labor Afb the civil and peaceable cahiqve-
ments the future basiinostore for us4 .. .i 0 t:* t ai. t, i ..
.Q- QW-What re.your building materials?; Ai -Pine'lulmber, brick,
coquina rock or shell concrete and airtifcialstone. **'*- -
/ Q--What isIthecoet-of. 'h6use 20x34 -feett two. story front, with
four bedrooms above. two: roonisand hall belowi with kitchen- at-
tached,.and finished in iplaia'andasubstantial mannerP A.-From
1500 to 9 9 )O0.0 :o w ,.. I ,,*,'< ^ ., :".*' b,. -< ..
Q.-What-is the price of: a good -ea'i ihorse?t. A.---From $175-
to $200. '.Mules are generally used here,' andiare worth in price, say
a quarter more thanihorsees.:' ;** *' I~ .' :. ': .' '
Q.-Whatt is the prioe of a good milch cow, and what the cost of
keeping hern year?' A.--From o $456 to '580.' :Hay, (Nqrthern;) is
worth $30 a: ton.. Turnips and ruta- bagas, squash, pumpkin and
millet can be grown here the year through and make excellent f&ed.
SQ.-What are the staple articles of exportation? '.A.-Lumber,
cotton, drangesri hidesi vegetables :beef cattle, naval stories etc., etc.,
including mocking birds -proqcete and turtle.- Not enough sugar
iL made here to supply the.home demand,k idefiliency that will
probably be supplied. in the course of the present' year. : '
Q.-What articles are imported? A.-Nearly everything that is
manufactured,- except',a ffew. primitive-; agricultural and, house-
hold utensils. '.:, : .- ; -. -. **
SQ.-What ard the principal articles of;food for the laboring class
of whites? A..-The same as with you at the North, with the ex-
ception of hominy and sweet potatoes, which are cheap, nutritious,
wholesome and largely consumed. Fish and oysters are cheap and
excellent. Nearly.all the Northern vegetables may be had all
through the winter at a. minimum cost of labor, and such luxuries
as oranges, lemons, figs; peaches and the finest of grapes and melons
may be had in abundance by any one owning a few rods of ground.
In addition, the most delicate of flowersand shrubs are grown with
little or no protectionlin the open air. -Florida is one vast conserva-
tory. ... -. .. ". ...... .'-. "- ..'. ..... .
SQ.-What proportion of the population are white?' A.-In Jack-
sonville more than ofie-half.- :* '
: Q.-*hat;are the leading religious denominations? A.-Metho-
dists, Bap tist Presbyterlans and Episcopalians are largely repre-
sented. The.omGnCatholics hver a hrch and school.
SQ.-Are the white. general adtiv' and industrious? ,A.--As
much.so as at .the ,North.h There, lre probably ore days in the
year in which. bor. can be performed n th open air in Florida
than in any other State in the niorn.''!" ."-- '' L-
Q.-W-hat.lsyour fencing materialjkwht..tha probable- cost of
fencing ~~e, asp. field? A.-AiTbhepinaluumbqr.4f-tlB country; with
either cypr or lvve .oak post, the,latte.veryidurable, the former
eating aboutegp years. A s substantial boaadfencefrieb ars high,
ots eight feetapart will cost about St5.per rod. .- .

then. jpcW.) s; if raging ire hbd awept through Ith, and that on
his return, a few weeks Water, the old trankshad been oat down sad
the top it the yowng, IVmitsghe.' than his head. Ioan
easily ito : this btabeinenttbeosue' wthat I have oftan main
the growth of new shoots from the root o wild- Om Stump.,
utwwnmlrntn QE ~tbetree in seek mms a mrs~e whb.h ap~d~t

My fclities from t.J~uLAM *Ji.olur'eare such that I
cianot be undenmld in the State.

M Ot ef yire. peomot o the cuatom n wor,
which wfiul ^iWif rnMonably.

No. 8, Palmetto Bl 'NS Jcksonville, Fla.,

I, INCORRECT PAGINATION

GENERAL AGENCY FOR THE SALE OF

Real tat a 'd 'Country PrQduc.

S pply of Choice Family Groceries constantly on hand
at lowest eh prices. Country Produce received on consignment,
ad If o desired win be forwarded to Sauvanh., Balthi*ae,
New York, Boston or any Market in the United
Staters.

Attention ir thos.
who are eking for winter or perm~aet home.
Reed's Building, Four Doors West of Market,
Bsr45f sg Jjs r ZA' t i t6A.

The Florida Agricwulurist is the only agricultural paper
in the State, and the best in the South. If you wish to get reliable
information abqt'lordai, .i t, aind capacity;
accurate dertletora M'tM 'dtif on o' the Orange
and Tropical Fruits, and the profits to
be derived therefrom, subscribe
to the Florida Agriculturist,
an 8-page weekly paper,
32 broad columns.

The Florida Agriculturist comes to us regularly and Is full of use-
ful hints as well as personal experience in the culture of Florida's
fruits and vegetables. It fills a void long felt in Florida journalism,
is well worthy of sMportt and wifl become almost a neessity to the
fItt-gmrwer in our Mtate. Ja cam p o .es.
It it a capital paper/ds itw hc r ri tlanter who invests in
the amount of subscription ill have his money back five, ten and a
hundredfold. In Sct no man or woman who lives by the cultiva-
tign of the soil eaa study his own interest and not become a sub-
scriber.-Bl. A Wuine Prws.
The Monticelo Constitution of February 2a 1875, says: 'The
Florida Aqgrfeuvriet is the only journal devoted exclusively to the
interests of agriculturists, that Is publish m is State, and it
, shouldr vye, = rous support.L .T e p I^ tf ttip >1
Frtr Aslocation are i or publ she in ts columns,
which is of interest not only to planter, but to every man who has
a permanent interest in the State. The typography of the Agricul-
turist is elegant, and it i edited ith marid ability "
A gentleman writing frmlA N..H., says: "I am so
well pleaed with The Tlorhraie i~rfm u*, although only in its
second year, that I heartily wish that every lover of Florida and
her charming climate might read it, and hand it around among their
friends at the North, that they may learn of the 'Land of Flowers.'
Your paper has p d its crii and can now well work its way in-
to e bats cW me of-a4w both SqWbh:aUt 2erd4
at t NorU1tffo yors b e UC qulompare
with yotwe plper: T'I. iat OW Wh pioneer
th3 1 sa aforFlorl-
agricultural *fekl?. I am xgifed b a clony for Flori-
da, and intend t, maki a p'rammt i' daring the coming
summer.'
Addies.CMG 86.HWALTON& Co.,Pubishers,
3'. addo f 5tEr* aeca 1 xiyR .,

74

GRAND NATIONAL OtTEL

%' : ,

H. I. Kimball House,

*' *,

aT~LraNU E,~ A
r~~' r.~, q..~

h(i.

i ~ cropriotor.

ben fia-k inal -rapit
m 'l ks nhsr i

tibin i O il, USA
A, rr tooor .

being flmt-~1aw i all Hoiheir appont

of Irth~r9alpltar IsFt b tka#tq6i be

o~~rtih$ tti~woinoItR~e
c'tblounfot ot f gueste.

c...~..,

75
THE SOUTHERN FAVORITE,

The Wheeler & Wilson New Rotary Hook Lock Stitch

SEWING MACHINE.

OVER ONE MILLION SOLD.

The qualities which recommend the Wheeler & Wilson Family
Sewing Machine are,

The X1Lical Triuihph of the age with numerous Pataited
Improvements. A arded the First Prize and Gold Medal over

OPINIONS OF MUSICAL JUDGES.
Geo. W. Morgan, the great Organist, says: "An indispensable
improvement over all Reed Organs. I give them my best recom-
mendation." (Oct. 18, 1873 )
J. R. Thomas, Organist and Composer-"One of the most valua-
ble musical inventions of our time."
J. E. Buckton, Organist at the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity,
Manchester, England-"In my opinion, the best Cabinet Organ in
the world.",
Albert W. '7. r the' distinguished OtgaRist and Composer-"I
consider it something entirely by itself and above all competition
from anything now known,"
Chaplain C. C. McCabe, says : "It is worthy of the high commen-
dation it is receiving. Its sweetness, purity and power of tone pre-
eminently fit it br Parlor, Church and Concert-room.
A. C. Taylor, Organist All Saint's Church, New York City and
Polar Star (MS ic) Lodge, says: "Having used the Cabinet Pipe
Organ the pdst ith satisfaction to myself and the numbers, I
heartily concur In the highest testimonials you have received."
O. Wakeman, Chorister and Trustee of the Baptist Church,
Millerton, N. Y., says : "The Cabinet Pipe Organ fully answers our
highest hopes and expectations. It easily and completely fills our
church, 70 feet long, 85 feet wide and 484 feet high. We know
of no one instrument that gives such general satisfaction. It has
forced praises from the friends of other manufacturers."

TThe UTnols a IState Offca'l Paper.
The prominent features of the Union are Local News, State Newsj
tGeneral News by mail and teegraph Agricultural, Political, Liter-
ary and Mcellaneou Matter, hippinteeeProduce and
market Beport, As an Adertising d ion is one of
thbatet Josurrle41st'o be empoed.
tion as well as the character of the people among whom tt cirltes
makes it valuable in this respect.
N. K. SAWYER & SON, Publishers.

N.B.;-The Undo doe not claim tobe either the largest paper in the
State, or to bre the bIrgst citrlation, but no other paper in the
State contains so much valuable reading matter, and no other paper
publihebemrq'lan W, Ils mnay copies

The immense demand for this po ular instrument has induced us to
make its manufacture a specality, and we are consequently en-
abled to 4lrithb a jluachtiir att* atrba chargedd
Sthoundn a large
number of Public Schools an
the United States, Cuba, South America, Sweden India and
Peru, giving entire matfactlon. Among a score of testi-
montals are Three Gold Meda)l and Two First Premi-
iums. Prove our Panos, which are justly
called the
BEST PIANO'S 'N THfE" WORLD D.
,: ,.r,. .' < 1

The old reputation of this popular lage will be sustained, and every
comlbrt guaranteed toits patrons.
i -

Through Tickets to all point. North and West, and also for St..
Aagustis, Enterpreos, ampdda apf aton the Biry caA*
odasp~ploatipoatt ip htM etba
tbe liet.

i.JJ~lco:11. BROCK.

88

R. L. WOOD'S

OD AND ESTABLISHED PHOTOGRAPH GALLERY

(Fridenber's Building,)

BAY STREET, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA.

None but First Class Work done at this establishment, including

- $' :i-eyery, sta let 8.J e .
4 nteed.

(at.~ IT '

PICTURES COPIED AND ENLARGED.

lit 41 !, fi~s boL v .aN-.p o,,3 ~

UkL~t& ~e ~Xba g VS~~ttruei

Ii... ..r 9b

"ai!'

I i'

'* ; *

THFR IdRIGTUhL

PAST, PRESENT 4D FUTURE.

The age, standing, experience a~d resources of the SMITH AMunI-
cAa OneAiA C'goPAaYr, *albed tro nga aratty
of its work. and of the just and liberal principles on which its busi-
ness is conducted.
The Company has been established nearly twenty-five years, and
is the oldest ed Organ Company in New England.
6Ln nt"U = ov, r ,it "ud. ."
the plan now generally followed.
All the membira of the Company are actively engaged in the bus-
ines, and are interested in the improvement of the instrument.
Its ample capital, and the largo property of its members, give the
Company, practically, unlimited resources.
The reputation of the Company for.honorable dealing has never
been been called in question. Its oldest patrons are to-day its firm-
est friends.' -', "'Y y 'r- {
It has twb bI&M faoresiUlly rtp tlth'aU;'Aodeiu Miachine-
ry and-fdlities of every description.
Its immense stocg of lumber and other materials is purchased for
cash on delivery, and comprises only the highest grades of every
article required.
The tone of the American Organs is distinguished from that of
all others by its superior swetns, fi) ess andid vqice-llke quality.
To.cad~ei~ s ate Mcn newn r designs, harribiiontr with
the Mo fm th
the ta1 ,ucclurm 'WO am 4a beastlf. -
The AmnrloatOira m4l i A iuedm ilgreat number of medals and
other awards, aptbla el a er, beemJ4ge inrdo inny fair compe-
tition th e
The sales have stafllny increase' 'utti the fulW capacity of the
factories is nearly reached.
The prices are low as those of any first-class instruments.