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In 1847, William Mackinnon and Robert Mackenzie formed the Mackinnon Mackenzie Company (MMC), a general merchanting partnership based in Calcutta.[3] In 1856 Mackinnon formed the Calcutta and Burma Steam Navigation Company to carry post to the region:[3] the Company appointed MMC as their agents, secured contracts to transport British troops from Ceylon to India during the Indian Mutiny of 1857[3] and in 1862 floated on the London Stock Exchange under the name British India Steam Navigation Company.[3]

In 1874, James Lyle MacKay joined Mackinnon and Mackenzie in Calcutta[3] and by 1914 was the sole surviving senior partner in MMC. Largely responsible for solving India’s currency problems and for the adoption of the Gold Standard, he was given a peerage by King George V for his services to industry in 1911.[3] He chose the title “Baron Inchcape of Strathnaver” to commemorate the Inchcape Rock, which lies off Arbroath, and Strathnaver in Scotland.[3] He later became a Viscount and finally, in 1929, he was appointed the first Earl of Inchcape.

By the 1950s, the Inchcape family had diverse interests around the world. This period bought new legislation and tax laws and, under the third Lord Inchcape, the family’s many interests, including MMC, were consolidated into Inchcape and Company.[3] In 1958 Inchcape and Company became a public company and offered twenty five per cent of its equity for sale on the London Stock Exchange.[3]

Inchcape’s growth was largely due to a series of mergers and acquisitions, including the merger with Borneo Company in 1967, which almost doubled Inchcape’s size by adding Hong Kong, Malaysia, Canada, Singapore, Brunei and Thailand to the operation.[3]

In 1972, Dodwell & Company was acquired, adding extensive shipping, motors and business machine trading in the Far East.[3] Dodwell & Co. gave Inchcape further interests in this region, which it maintained as quasi-independent companies, rather than forming one large entity. Dodwell & Co. was founded in Shanghai in 1858, and by the 1970s had established extensive businesses in shipping, motors, and business-machine trading in Hong Kong, Japan and many other Far Eastern ports and cities.

Mann Egerton & Company Ltd., acquired in 1973, laid the foundations for Inchcape's motor-distribution business. Founded at the end of the 19th century in Norwich by an electrical engineer and an early motoring pioneer, Mann Egerton sold cars manufactured by de Dion, Renault, and Daimler at the turn of the century initially from branches in the eastern counties of England. By the 1970s, Mann Egerton distributed British Leyland cars, as well as an extensive range of luxury cars.[4]

Reincorporated as Inchcape PLC in 1981, the company acquired during the 1980s several petrol, textile, electronic and mineral testing and inspection companies and formed a specific testing business stream. This business stream kept on growing due to the acquisition of the Caleb Brett Group, SEMKO and various others, such as ETL Testing Laboratories.

By 1989, the Motors segment of Inchcape was contributing two-thirds of group turnover and 53.6 percent of group profits, the greater part contributed by the Toyota import ^ distribution franchises.

Under the chairmanship of George Turnbull, Inchcape had reinforced in the 1980s its concentration on its core businesses. The key businesses at that time were organised into three main areas: services, marketing and distribution, and resources. The service businesses consisted of buying, insurance, inspection and testing, and shipping. The marketing and distribution businesses covered business machines, consumer and industrial services, and motors. The resource-based businesses covered tea and timber.

A combination of factors plunged Inchcape into its two most difficult years ever, 1994 and 1995. Difficult economic conditions in some of the company's key markets - particularly in Western Europe and Hong Kong - dampened consumer spending, while the strength of the yen made Inchcape's Japanese products, notably the Toyota automobiles, less attractive than those of competitors based outside Japan. In certain areas such as marketing, Inchcape had also become a more bureaucratic organisation than in the past, and had lost touch with some of the local markets it served.

A new management team determined that Inchcape had to focus on its core international distribution businesses in order to turn things around and began making significant business divestments, including selling the Bain Hogg insurance brokerage subsidiary to the Aon Corporation in the United States for £160 million in 1996. In the same year the testing service division was part of a management buy-out by Charterhouse Development Capital and renamed Intertek Testing Services.[5] Inchcape began to jettison unprofitable businesses, and significantly reduce the workforce.

In March 1998 spurred by the Asian economic crisis, Inchcape announced, that it would focus exclusively on worldwide car distribution, the most successful part of the group. One of the first major sectors to go was the company's Russian soft-drink bottling business. Inchcape sold that part of their operations to The Coca-Cola Company for US$87 million. The sales of bottling businesses in South America, marketing services in Asia and the Middle East, the global shipping business - Inchcape Shipping Services (ISS) - and the Asia-Pacific Office Automation business were some of the wide range of divestment;s that quickly followed. In July 1999 the new motors-only Inchcape was officially born.[4]

In June 2000 Sir John Egan was appointed chairman and Peter Johnson became Chief Executive Officer. The Competition Commission Report and subsequent order in 2000[6] regarding new UK car prices resulted in a sharp drop in profitability. The economic recovery in the Far East helped restore profits as did the sale of Inchcape’s forty nine per cent stake in Toyota GB to Toyota in 2000.[7]

Australia
In Australia, Inchcape has been an importer and distributor for Subaru since 1973. It has the largest market share for a Subaru market outside Japan. Subaru Docklands, Inchcape’s flagship site in Melbourne is the largest Subaru dealership in the world. Inchcape also runs AutoNexus, a parts operation.[9]

Greece
In Greece, Inchcape has been the importer and distributor for Toyota and Lexus since 1987.[11]

Guam
In the United States territory of Guam, Inchcape owns and operate Atkins-Kroll Motors, the islands' oldest automotive dealership, which they acquired in 1974. Atkins-Kroll, better known as AK to the locals in Guam, is the exclusive Chevrolet, Toyota, Scion and Lexus dealer in the area.[12]

Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, Inchcape is an exclusive importer and retailer for Toyota / Lexus, Hino, Jaguar, Land Rover, Ford and Daihatsu. When combined, these franchises regularly achieve around 40 per cent of market share. Crown Motors have held the Toyota franchise since 1966.[13]

Russia
In 2006, Inchcape formed a joint venture with the Independence Group of Companies, one of Moscow’s leading independent car Retailers and went on to secure a majority stake in a business in St Petersburg. In 2007, Inchcape continued expansion in St Petersburg with acquiring majority stakes in businesses retailing Audi and Peugeot. In 2008, Inchcape bought a 75.1% stake in Russia's Musa Motors Group.[10]

Singapore
Inchcape is the exclusive importer and retailer for Toyota / Lexus and Suzuki in Singapore. It has held the Toyota franchise since 1967 and was awarded the Suzuki franchise in 1977.[14]

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