I for one accept the presence of people of Europe, in the Western Hemisphere, in ancient times. There is a book I have, printed some decades ago, which attempts to document the Americas as the source of Phoenician copper. (I think it's Phoenician.)

Chemical testing of old copper items sold by the P. is correct for the Americas.

And, when the Europeans first came to the Americans, I think it was in Canada, they found a quarry, that is, an open mine, not a tunnel, I guess you'd call it, for copper. He believed the Phoencians had regular scheduled trips to the Americas for copper. He is not popular among historians who think no such thing is possible.

And, growing up out of the middle was a tree with hundreds of years of rings in it.

He also claims there were ancient writings on stones, which correlate with ancient European languages.

Today is class day, and despite being Holy Week, several students are coming. I have 6 females, from age 11 to 24, 1 male around 15. The women here are much more ambitious than the men, at least in time of education. Otherwise, I'd dig through my books and give you the title and author.

The ancient presence of Europeans is a different matter from faith based belief that certain indigenous tribes were from Europe. We can debate the former, but not the latter.

I don't know if this will help or hinder this topic, but here is a little info on the LDS belief regarding Jewish ethnicity in the Americas. The Book of Mormon describes three separate groups of people who arrived in the Americas: 1-A group from the Middle East who came shortly after the tower of Babel, origin unknown; 2-The main group that the BoM speaks of, coming from Israel, from the tribe of Manasseh through Joseph; 3-A smaller group from the land of Israel with at least one member who was from the tribe of Judah. Contrary to popular belief, the LDS church does not claim that all Native Americans are of Semitic descent. There may well have been, and most likely were, several different migrations from around the world to the American continents, the Book of Mormon peoples being quite possibly a minority.

In regard to "Jewish" DNA markers, more than one haplogroup has been shown to have Jewish ethnicity. I am using the generic "Jewish" meaning, because specifically only those from the tribe of Judah are Jews, but we tend to lump any of the tribes of Israel into being "Jewish". We also need a little understanding when talking about DNA haplogroups. Y-DNA means from the paternal, or male descent only: My father's, father's, father's, father, ect. Only males have Y-DNA. Mitochondrial DNA (Mt) is just the opposite: My mother's, mother's, mother, ect. However, males can be tested for Mt-DNA but it is only passed through their mothers. Back to Jewish haplogroups. It is true most people of Jewish descent are from haplogroup J, but there are other haplogroups with Jewish descent or ethnicity, such as Y-DNA haplogroup E, which is the second largest group. There are still others. Some tribes from the Great Lakes region have been shown to be from haplogroup X, which is known to have Jewish as well as Mediterranean lineage. However, this X group has apparently been amongst these tribes for much longer than would accommodate the LDS time frame of an American continent arrival of +/- 587 BC for groups #2 and 3 mentioned above.

The Ancient American Hebrews Were Teachers

Hi folks, One more thought on:
Those same Hebrew Priests that were ceremonially buried
in the Bat Creek Mounds, were also teachers that traveled,
apparently somewhat like an annual convention all the way
up in the Ohio River Valley, via the fluent waterways... Also there,
more carvings were also found, including the ten commandments...

They held meetings with the Ancient Native Peoples of this great land,
taught them of their God, & they not only believed and were converted,
they are still in existence though perhaps thoroughly mixed with other
races and peoples (even of course some of the other original tribes of Israel,
maybe their own kinsmen & women, however likely not widely known if at all)...

So it's not that strange, to realize that there were Hebrew migrations,
with inter mingling, or teaching...
They (indigenous peoples) must have found their beliefs and ways,
to be very acceptable, and good, and practiced them consistently, some several
of the beliefs proudly still carried over for so many centuries...

And, there's the fact that though the land grabbing Europeans tried to
completely wipe them out even with treachery
(diseases hidden in blankets for trades or gifts killed unsuspecting millions),
still many survived, with an old practice of customs
and rituals, that included the belief in a "Great Spirit"...

So, they were Israeli missionaries, no later than about 1/4 into the 2nd C. AD,
and the people that interred them so respectfully, were undoubtedly none other than,
the Ancient Mound Builder Culture, which I had the pleasure to discuss at length as part
of my research, with an highly educated and very knowledgeable Lady Chickasaw Tribal Elder, who smiled and said "we are of the mound builder culture"...

Well, the Chickasaws and the Choctaws, are legendary brother tribes of old.
So there's obviously 3 ancient N. American indigenous tribes (including Cherokee for sure)
nailed to the knowledge of the visitors from Judea, where is also, Jerusalem...

Who else then? I rest my case for now... [Edit] But...

Very surprising to me (because of my own partial Cherokee, Choctaw,
& Seminole Indian ancestry), the Cherokees, while apparently part of the Ancient N. American Mound Builders Culture, are also thought to have migrated possibly from the Ancient Persia area? Wow! I'm goin ta' go figure on that one, need more research...
~: Crosse :~

~ Psalm 23:4,6 ~ Yea, Though I Walk Through The Valley Of The Shadow Of Death,
I Will Fear No Evil: For THOU Art With Me; THY Rod And THY Staff They Comfort
Me. ...Surely Goodness And Mercy Shall Follow Me All The Days Of My Life:
And I Will Dwell In The House Of The LORD Forever... King David ~

May be related to red clay mentioned earlier. Them old trade networks show again also. I have found no documentation to support Phoenician traffic but some have made that claim on the East cost having an area ships docked that remains unproven.. sure a lot of copper came out of area.

May be related to red clay mentioned earlier. Them old trade networks show again also. I have found no documentation to support Phoenician traffic but some have made that claim on the East cost having an area ships docked that remains unproven.. sure a lot of copper came out of area.

~ Psalm 23:4,6 ~ Yea, Though I Walk Through The Valley Of The Shadow Of Death,
I Will Fear No Evil: For THOU Art With Me; THY Rod And THY Staff They Comfort
Me. ...Surely Goodness And Mercy Shall Follow Me All The Days Of My Life:
And I Will Dwell In The House Of The LORD Forever... King David ~