Studies are increasingly demonstrating that individuals differ in their rate of ageing, and this is postulated to emerge from a trade-off between current and future reproduction. Recent theory predicts a correlation between individual personality and life-history strategy, and from this comes the prediction that personality may predict the intensity of ...

The incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction increases in aged patients and it is associated with an adverse outcome. Considering the aging population and the increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease, the prediction for population well-being and health economics is daunting. Accordingly, there is an unmet need to focus on fundamental ...

Previous research on inter-individual variation in the calls of corvids has largely been restricted to single call types, such as alarm or contact calls, and has rarely considered the effects of age on call structure. This study explores structural variation in a contextually diverse set of "caw" calls of the ...

de Almeida Lopes Ana Carolina Bertin AC a Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences , State University of Londrina , Parana , - - 2015

In Brazil there is no systematic evaluation to access blood lead levels (BLL) in the general population and few studies with adults have been published. The aim of this study was to examine the socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle determinants of BLL in the adult Brazilian population. In total, 959 adults, ...

Malnutrition and weight loss have serious consequences in older adults. The use of caloric supplementation may provide nutritional and functional benefits in this population. This article reviews the recent literature on oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) in the elderly. Inadequate caloric intake is a factor consistently associated with weight loss, and ...

Sexual selection of high-quality mates can conflict with species recognition if traits that govern intraspecific mate preferences also influence interspecific recognition. This conflict might be resolved by developmental plasticity and learned mate preferences, which could drive preference divergence in populations that differ in local species composition. We integrate field and ...

Aedes albopictus is the most invasive mosquito worldwide and works as a vector for many important pathogens. Control tools rely to chemical treatments against larvae, indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets. Recently, huge efforts have been carried out to propose new eco-friendly alternatives, such as evaluation of plant-borne compounds ...

BackgroundUnlike leisure time physical activity, knowledge of the socioeconomic determinants of active transport is limited, research on this topic has produced mixed and inconsistent findings, and it remains unknown if peoples¿ engagement in active transport declines as they age. This longitudinal study examined relationships between neighbourhood disadvantage, individual-level socioeconomic position ...

Age-related changes in the brain tissue are reflected in many aspects. We sought to determine the morphology, Nissl bodies, behavioral appearance and oxidative stress in the brain using SAMP10 mice, a substrain of the senescence-accelerated mouse. SAMP10 mice groups divided by different ages (3, 5, 8 and 14 months) were compared ...

Unrealistic expectations regarding treatments and clinical outcomes may lead to disappointment about therapy and sub-optimal compliance; nonetheless, these expectations have not been studied in psoriasis patients yet. To evaluate psoriasis patients' subjective future expectations regarding health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and life expectancy, and to explore clinical features associated with ...

The occurrence and number of melanocytic nevi (MN) are among the most important known risk factors for the development of cutaneous melanoma (CM). To estimate the prevalence of MN among schoolchildren and its relationship with phenotype, body mass index (BMI), parental and sun exposure factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted ...

BackgroundInvestigating the evolution of species-specific insect genitalia is central to understanding how morphological diversification contributes to reproductive isolation and lineage divergence. While many studies evoke some form of sexual selection to explain genitalia diversity, the basis of selection and the mechanism of heterospecific mate exclusion remains vague. I conducted reciprocal ...

Sexual selection arises from both intrasexual competition and mate choice. With respect to the evolution of male traits, there is a vast literature documenting the existence of female choice and male-male competition, and both have been shown to co-occur in many species. Despite numerous studies of these two components of ...

Tearne Jessica E JE Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, - - 2014

This study aimed to examine the relationship between advanced parental age and behavioural outcomes in offspring in a longitudinal cohort of children in Western Australia. The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) is a prospective study of 2900 pregnancies. Offspring were followed up at ages 2, 5, 8, 10, 14, and ...

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is often present in old populations and rare in young people. Its incidence significantly increased recent years. The mechanism and disease course of AMI in young people are probably different from that in old population. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical risk factors ...

Erectile dysfunction is highly prevalent in patients with advanced age or cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRFs). These conditions interfere on expression of vascular growth factors and respective receptors causing disturbance in endothelial function. This study aims to assess the effect of aging and CVDRF on the expression of tyrosine kinase ...

BackgroundThe great diversity of bat haemosporidians is being uncovered with the help of molecular tools. Yet most of these studies provide only snapshots in time of the parasites discovered. Polychromophilus murinus, a malaria-like blood parasite, specialised on temperate-zone bats is a species that is being `rediscovered¿. This study describes the ...

With final maturation of ovarian follicles, birds are committed to a major energetic investment: egg-laying. Follicles develop in a two-step process 1) initial development of regressed follicles stimulated by long days and 2) yolk incorporation into hierarchical follicles, ovulation and oviposition. We know little about how females transduce environmental cues ...

This study evaluated age-related changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Forty patients received nab-paclitaxel (100 mg/m(2) weekly for 3 weeks followed by a 1-week break) as first- or second-line chemotherapy. Blood samples were collected for analysis, and response was ...

A longitudinal study was conducted in Manaus, Brazil, to monitor changes of adult Aedes aegypti (L.) abundance. The objectives were to compare mosquito collections of two trap types, to characterise temporal changes of the mosquito population, to investigate the influence of meteorological variables on mosquito collections and to analyse the ...

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in individuals with dissociative disorders (DD) before and after the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). The Electrocardiogram (EKG) was recorded before, during and after the AAI in thirteen individuals with DD and thirteen healthy participants matched for age ...

Lewerin Catharina C Section of Haematology and Coagulation, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, at the Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, - - 2014

Blood haemoglobin (Hb) declines in elderly men while the adipocyte derived protein adiponectin increases with age. The association between erythropoesis and adiponectin in elderly men is incompletely known. The aim was to determine whether adipokines like adiponectin and leptin are associated with anaemia and Hb in elderly community dwelling men. ...

As breast cancer (BC) screening identifies many BCs with a good prognosis, which might be overdiagnosed and therefore overtreated, the identification of subgroups with a high risk for aggressive subtypes might be helpful. The aim of this case-case analysis was to investigate the association between epidemiological risk factors and molecular ...

Brain damage after insult and cognitive decline are related to excitotoxicity and strongly influenced by aging, yet mechanisms of aging-dependent susceptibility to excitotoxicity are poorly known. Several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may prevent excitotoxicity and cognitive decline in the elderly by an unknown mechanism. Interestingly, after several weeks in vitro, ...

A child's knee undergoes significant morphologic changes during development. Age-specific normal parameters have not been previously described. The purpose of this study was to delineate knee morphology changes that occur with maturation utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A retrospective review of knee MRIs, ages 4 to 18 years, was performed ...

Pérez-Santos María M Department of Animal Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, - - 2014

Age-related changes in blood variables have previously been reported for cattle. A few studies have investigated differences in biochemistry analytes over time using repeat measures. The purpose of the study was to investigate the variation in select variables during the first 3 months of life of Holstein-Friesian calves using repeat sampling. ...

Approximately, 20 % of particulate and aerosol emissions into the urban atmosphere are of natural origin (including wildfires and Saharan dust). During these natural episodes, PM10 and PM2.5 levels usually exceed World Health Organisation (WHO) health protection thresholds. This study sought to evaluate the possible effect of advections of particulate matter ...

Malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a rare and a heterogeneous group of pediatric cancers. The incidence rate has increased in some populations or subgroups. However, only a few recent publications on epidemiologic data showing the trends in incidence of pediatric GCTs are available. We analyzed the incidence rates, time ...

The goal of this study was to generate and report standardized growth curves for weight, height, head circumference, and BMI for non-growth hormone-treated white male and female US subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) between 3 and 18 years of age and develop standardized growth charts. Anthropometric measures (N = 133) ...

Evolutionary theories of aging posit that greater reproductive effort causes somatic decline given a fundamental trade-off between investing energy in reproduction and repair. Few studies in high fertility human populations support this hypothesis, and problems of phenotypic correlation can obscure the expected trade-off between reproduction and somatic condition. This cross-sectional ...

Guran et al.(1) recently published an article in Clinical Endocrinology reporting age-related reference values for serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) in healthy children and adolescents. The mean gestational age of their cohort was 39±2 weeks, with a mean birth weight of 3237±615 g. Therefore, their study included children who were born prematurely ...

The aim of this study was to assess whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) has any impact on semen quality parameters in men with CKD stage 1-5. Results were collected from 66 men with different CKD stages (age 18-50 years). Age and BMI (body mass index) were recorded for each male. Higher ...

A Cu(i) boron imidazolate framework with 2-fold interpenetrating ths topology shows luminescent mechanochromism, and it can directly reduce bimetal Au-Ag nanoparticles into its structure, leading to catalytic applications.

Although it is generally accepted that ageing is associated with recollection impairments, there is considerable disagreement surrounding how healthy ageing influences familiarity-based recognition. One factor that might contribute to the mixed findings regarding age differences in familiarity is the estimation method used to quantify the two mnemonic processes. Here, this ...

The authors examined the development of self-esteem across the life span. Data came from a German longitudinal study with 3 assessments across 4 years of a sample of 2,509 individuals ages 14 to 89 years. The self-esteem measure used showed strong measurement invariance across assessments and birth cohorts. Latent growth ...

Our objective was to describe racial and ethnic differences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in distinct geographic locations around the United States (U.S.). ALS cases for the period 2009-2011 were identified using active case surveillance in three states and eight metropolitan areas. Of the 5883 unique ALS cases identified, 74.8% ...

The present study investigates the relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older adults with or without pre-existing diseases. A population-based cohort study. The Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging is a nationwide prospective cohort study comprising a representative random sample of middle-aged and older adults. The study period ...

Dendritic Ag2Se nanostructures are synthesized in a dry environment by UV irradiating the hybrids composed of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and silver (Ag). UV irradiation on CdSe QDs induces a photooxidation effect on the QD surface and leads to the formation of SeO2 components. Then SeO2 reacts with the Ag ...

Coevolution between the sexes is often considered to be male-driven: the male genome is constantly scanned by selection for traits that increase relative male fertilization success. Whenever these traits are harmful to females, the female genome is scanned for resistance traits. The resulting antagonistic coevolution between the sexes is analogous ...

BackgroundParks are valuable resources for physical activity (PA) given their widespread availability and low cost to maintain and use. Both proximity to parks and the availability of particular features are important correlates of PA. However, few studies have explored multiple measures of proximity simultaneously or the specific facilities associated with ...

The incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been decreasing in adults over 50 years of age, however, these rates have been increasing in adults under 50. The majority of CRC in young adults is sporadic, and is likely due to behavioral and environmental causes, however the exact ...

Human perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) body burdens are attributable to both direct PFOS and indirect PFOS precursor (PreFOS) exposure. The relative importance of these two pathways has been estimated, but the relative temporal trajectory of exposure to PFOS and PreFOS has not been examined. Here, two hypothesized biomarkers of PreFOS exposure, PFOS ...

To examine the association between the timing and type of complementary feeding and childhood adiposity in Mainland China. During 1999-2009, 97 424 singletons were enrolled in the Jiaxing Birth Cohort, a population-based prospective cohort study in Southeast China. Of these children, 43 848 children provided complementary diet information and other anthropometric measurements ...

Addis Donna Rose DR a School of Psychology and the Centre for Brain Research , The University of Auckland , Auckland , New - - 2014

Divergent thinking likely plays an important role in simulating autobiographical events. We investigated whether divergent thinking is differentially associated with the ability to construct detailed imagined future and imagined past events as opposed to recalling past events. We also examined whether age differences in divergent thinking might underlie the reduced ...

BackgroundSeveral countries have introduced generic substitution, but few studies have assessed its effect on refill adherence. This study aimed to analyse whether generic substitution influences refill adherence to statin treatment.MethodsBetween 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007, new users of simvastatin (n¿=¿108,806) and atorvastatin (n¿=¿7,464) were identified in the Swedish ...

Pink urine syndrome (PUS) is attributed to the precipitation of uric acid caused by low urinary pH (U-pH). However, the reasons for the lower U-pH are unclear. To investigate the occurrence of PUS and verified the cause of U-pH reduction. Participants comprised 4,940 students who had undergone a physical examination. ...

The diagnosis of osteoporosis in men remains controversial. Aims of this study were to evaluate the major anthropometric determinants of BMD in a large cohort of male Italian subjects and asses the prevalence of subjects with T-score ≤-2.5 by making use of young male or female BMD reference data. 1,442 ...