U.S. Military Deaths: Between the start of war on March 19, 2003
and September 22, 2004, 1,175 coalition forces were killed, including 1,040
U.S. military. Of the total, 925 were killed after President Bush declared
the end of combat operations on May 1, 2003. Over 7,413 U.S. troops have
been wounded since the war began, 6,953 (94 percent) since May 1, 2003.

Contractor Deaths: As of September 22, 2004, there has been an
estimated 154 civilian contractors, missionaries, and civilian worker deaths
since May 1, 2004. Of these, 52 have been identified as Americans.
Journalist Deaths: Forty-four international media workers have been killed
in Iraq as of September 22, 2004, including 33 since President Bush declared
the end of combat operations. Eight of the dead worked for U.S. companies.

B. SECURITY COSTS

Terrorist Recruitment and Action: According to the London-based
International Institute for Strategic Studies, al Qaeda's membership is now
at 18,000, with 1,000 active in Iraq. The State Department's 2003 "Patterns
of Global Terrorism," documented 625 deaths and 3,646 injuries due to
terrorist attacks in 2003. The report acknowledged that "significant
incidents," increased from 60 percent of total attacks in 2002 to 84 percent
in 2003.

Low U.S. Credibility: Polls reveal that the war has damaged the
U.S. government's standing and credibility in the world. Surveys in eight
European and Arab countries demonstrated broad public agreement that the war
has hurt, rather than helped, the war on terrorism. At home, 52 percent of
Americans polled by the Annenberg Election Survey disapprove of Bush's
handling of Iraq.

Military Mistakes: A number of former military officials have
criticized the war, including retired Marine General Anthony Zinni, who has
charged that by manufacturing a false rationale for war, abandoning
traditional allies, propping up and trusting Iraqi exiles, and failing to
plan for post-war Iraq, the Bush Administration made the United States less
secure.

Low Troop Morale and Lack of Equipment: A March 2004 army survey
found 52 percent of soldiers reporting low morale, and three-fourths
reporting they were poorly led by their officers. Lack of equipment has been
an ongoing problem. The Army did not fully equip soldiers with bullet-proof
vests until June 2004, forcing many families to purchase them out of their
own pockets.

Loss of First Responders: National Guard troops make up almost
one-third of the U.S. Army troops now in Iraq. Their deployment puts a
particularly heavy burden on their home communities because many are "first
responders," including police, firefighters, and emergency medical
personnel. For example, 44 percent of the country's police forces have lost
officers to Iraq. In some states, the absence of so many Guard troops has
raised concerns about the ability to handle natural disasters.

Use of Private Contractors: An estimated 20,000 private
contractors are carrying out work in Iraq traditionally done by the
military, despite the fact that they often lack sufficient training and are
not accountable to the same guidelines and reviews as military personnel.

C. ECONOMIC COSTS

The Bill So Far: Congress has approved of $151.1 billion for Iraq.
Congressional leaders anticipate an additional supplemental appropriation of
$60 billion after the election.

Long-term Impact on U.S. Economy: Economist Doug Henwood has
estimated that the war bill will add up to an average of at least $3,415 for
every U.S. household. Another economist, James Galbraith of the University
of Texas, predicts that while war spending may boost the economy initially,
over the long term it is likely to bring a decade of economic troubles,
including an expanded trade deficit and high inflation.

Oil Prices: U.S. crude oil prices spiked at $48 per barrel on
August 19, 2004, the highest level since 1983, a development that most
analysts attribute at least in part to the deteriorating situation in Iraq.
According to a mid-May CBS survey, 85 percent of Americans said they had
been affected measurably by higher gas prices. According to one estimate, if
crude oil prices stay around $40 a barrel for a year, U.S. gross domestic
product will decline by more than $50 billion.

Economic Impact on Military Families: Since the beginning of the
wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, 364,000 reserve troops and National Guard
soldiers have been called for military service, serving tours of duty that
often last 20 months. Studies show that between 30 and 40 percent of
reservists and National Guard members earn a lower salary when they leave
civilian employment for military deployment. Army Emergency Relief has
reported that requests from military families for food stamps and subsidized
meals increased "several hundred percent" between 2002 and 2003.

D. SOCIAL COSTS

U.S. Budget and Social Programs: The Bush administration's
combination of massive spending on the war and tax cuts for the wealthy
means less money for social spending. The $151.1 billion expenditure for the
war through this year could have paid for: close to 23 million housing
vouchers; health care for over 27 million uninsured Americans; salaries for
nearly 3 million elementary school teachers; 678,200 new fire engines; over
20 million Head Start slots for children; or health care coverage for 82
million children. A leaked memo from the White House to domestic agencies
outlines major cuts following the election, including funding for education,
Head Start, home ownership, job training, medical research and homeland
security.

Social Costs to the Military: In order to meet troop requirements
in Iraq, the Army has extended the tours of duty for soldiers. These
extensions have been particularly difficult for reservists, many of whom
never expected to face such long separations from their jobs and families.
According to military policy, reservists are not supposed to be on
assignment for more than 12 months every 5-6 years. To date, the average
tour of duty for all soldiers in Iraq has been 320 days. A recent Army
survey revealed that more than half of soldiers said they would not
re-enlist.

Costs to Veteran Health Care: About 64 percent of the more than
7,000 U.S. soldiers injured in Iraq received wounds that prevented them from
returning to duty. One trend has been an increase in amputees, the result of
improved body armor that protects vital organs but not extremities. As in
previous wars, many soldiers are likely to have received ailments that will
not be detected for years to come. The Veterans Administration healthcare
system is not prepared for the swelling number of claims. In May, the House
of Representatives approved funding for FY 2005 that is $2.6 billion less
than needed, according to veterans' groups.

Mental Health Costs: The New England Journal of Medicine reported
in July 2004 that 1 in 6 soldiers returning from war in Iraq showed signs of
post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, or severe anxiety. Only 23
to 40 percent of respondents in the study who showed signs of a mental
disorder had sought mental health care.

II. Costs to Iraq

A. HUMAN COSTS

Iraqi Deaths and Injuries: As of September 22, 2004, between
12,800 and 14,843 Iraqi civilians have been killed as a result of the U.S.
invasion and ensuing occupation, while an estimated 40,000 Iraqis have been
injured. During "major combat" operations, between 4,895 and 6,370 Iraqi
soldiers and insurgents were killed.

Effects of Depleted Uranium: The health impacts of the use of
depleted uranium weaponry in Iraq are yet to be known. The Pentagon
estimates that U.S. and British forces used 1,100 to 2,200 tons of weaponry
made from the toxic and radioactive metal during the March 2003 bombing
campaign. Many scientists blame the far smaller amount of DU weapons used in
the Persian Gulf War for illnesses among U.S. soldiers, as well as a
sevenfold increase in child birth defects in Basra in southern Iraq.

B. SECURITY COSTS

Rise in Crime: Murder, rape, and kidnapping have skyrocketed since
March 2003, forcing Iraqi children to stay home from school and women to
stay off the streets at night. Violent deaths rose from an average of 14 per
month in 2002 to 357 per month in 2003.

Psychological Impact: Living under occupation without the most
basic security has devastated the Iraqi population. A poll conducted by the
Iraq Center for Research and Strategic Studies in June 2004 found that 80
percent of Iraqis believe that coalition forces should leave either
immediately or directly after the election.

C. ECONOMIC COSTS

Unemployment: Iraqi joblessness doubled from 30 percent before the
war to 60 percent in the summer of 2003. While the Bush administration now
claims that unemployment has dropped, the U.S. is only employing 120,000
Iraqis, of a workforce of 7 million, in reconstruction projects.

Corporate War Profiteering: Most of Iraq's reconstruction has been
contracted out to U.S. companies, rather than experienced Iraqi firms. Top
contractor Halliburton is being investigated for charging $160 million for
meals that were never served to troops and $61 million in cost overruns on
fuel deliveries. Halliburton employees also took $6 million in kickbacks
from subcontractors, while other employees have reported extensive waste,
including the abandonment of $85,000 trucks because they had flat tires.

Iraq's Oil Economy: Anti-occupation violence has prevented Iraq
from capitalizing on its oil assets. There have been an estimated 118
attacks on Iraq's oil infrastructure since June 2003. By September 2004, oil
production still had not reached pre-war levels and major attacks caused oil
exports to plummet to a ten-month low in August 2004.

D. SOCIAL COSTS

Health Infrastructure: After more than a decade of crippling
sanctions, Iraq's health facilities were further damaged during the war and
post-invasion looting. Iraq's hospitals continue to suffer from lack of
supplies and an overwhelming number of patients.

Education: UNICEF estimates that more than 200 schools were
destroyed in the conflict and thousands more were looted in the chaos
following the fall of Saddam Hussein. The State Department reported on
September 15th that "Significant obstacles remain in maintaining security
for civilian/military reconstruction, logistical
support and distribution for donations, equipment, textbooks and supplies."

Environment: The U.S-led attack damaged water and sewage systems
and the country's fragile desert ecosystem. It also resulted in oil well
fires that spewed smoke across the country and left unexploded ordnance that
continues to endanger the Iraqi people and environment. Mines and unexploded
ordnance cause an estimated 20 casualties per month.

Even with Saddam Hussein overthrown, Iraqis continue to face human rights
violations from occupying forces. In addition to the widely publicized
humiliation and torture of prisoners, abuse has been widespread throughout
the post-9-11 military operations, with over 300 allegations of abuse in
Afghanistan, Iraq and Guantánamo. As of mid-August 2004, only 155
investigations into the existing 300 allegations had been completed.

F. SOVEREIGNTY COSTS

Despite the proclaimed "transfer of sovereignty" to Iraq, the country
continues to be occupied by U.S. and coalition troops and has severely
limited political and economic independence. The interim government does not
have the authority to reverse the nearly 100 orders by former CPA head Paul
Bremer that, among other things, allow for the privatization of Iraq's
state-owned enterprises and prohibit preferences for domestic firms in
reconstruction.

III. Costs to the World

A. HUMAN COSTS

While Americans make up the vast majority of military and contractor
personnel in Iraq, other U.S.-allied "coalition" troops have suffered 135
war casualties in Iraq. In addition, the focus on Iraq has diverted
international resources and attention away from humanitarian crises such as
in Sudan.

B. DISABLING INTERNATIONAL LAW

The unilateral U.S. decision to go to war in Iraq violated the United
Nations Charter, setting a dangerous precedent for other countries to seize
any opportunity to respond militarily to claimed threats, whether real or
contrived, that must be "pre-empted." The U.S. military has also violated
the Geneva Convention, making it more likely that in the future, other
nations will ignore these protections in their treatment of civilian
populations and detainees.

C. UNDERMINING THE UNITED NATIONS

At every turn, the Bush Administration has attacked the legitimacy and
credibility of the UN, undermining the institution's capacity to act in the
future as the centerpiece of global disarmament and conflict resolution. The
efforts of the Bush administration to gain UN acceptance of an Iraqi
government that was not elected but rather installed by occupying forces
undermines the entire notion of national sovereignty as the basis for the UN
Charter. It was on this basis that Secretary General Annan referred
specifically to the vantage point of the UN Charter in his September 2004
finding that the war was illegal.

D. ENFORCING COALITIONS

Faced with opposition in the UN Security Council, the U.S. government
attempted to create the illusion of multilateral support for the war by
pressuring other governments to join a so-called "Coalition of the Willing."
This not only circumvented UN authority, but also undermined democracy in
many coalition countries, where public opposition to the war was as high as
90 percent. As of the middle of September, only 29 members of the "Coalition
of the Willing" had forces in Iraq, in addition to the United States. These
countries, combined with United States, make up less than 14 percent of the
world's population.

E. COSTS TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

The $151.1 billion spent by the U.S. government on the war could have cut
world hunger in half and covered HIV/AIDS medicine, childhood immunization
and clean water and sanitation needs of the developing world for more than
two years. As a factor in the oil price hike, the war has created concerns
of a return to the "stagflation" of the 1970s. Already, the world's major
airlines are expecting an increase in costs of $1 billion or more per month.

F. UNDERMINING GLOBAL SECURITY AND DISARMAMENT

The U.S.-led war and occupation have galvanized international terrorist
organizations, placing people not only in Iraq but around the world at
greater risk of attack. The State Department's annual report on
international terrorism reported that in 2003 there was the highest level of
terror-related incidents deemed "significant" than at any time since the
U.S. began issuing these figures.

G. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS

U.S.-fired depleted uranium weapons have contributed to pollution of
Iraq's land and water, with inevitable spillover effects in other countries.
The heavily polluted Tigris River, for example, flows through Iraq, Iran and
Kuwait.

H. HUMAN RIGHTS

The Justice Department memo assuring the White House that torture was
legal stands in stark violation of the International Convention Against
Torture (of which the United States is a signatory). This, combined with the
widely publicized mistreatment of Iraqi prisoners by U.S. military and
intelligence officials, gave new license for torture and mistreatment by
governments around the world.