2016 Election Challenge filed December 2016

This Amended complaint though was filed in February, after learning new information at the Inauguration. But it makes great points about the way the system works… and is as entertaining as laws and morals philosophy of the society can be. There is far too much uncertainty in our election systems ; there are so many different ways the apportionment and letter to the law of the Constitution which is being systemically ignored every day, the tough legal compromise work, not being done. That we categorically need a federal multi billion for services and broad elections trainings in election quality assurance . There are too many who spread propaganda, and also a great deal of danger of systems corrupting to not have the minds of the public sharpened for necessary

Defendants

Mitch McConnell

317 Russell Senate Office Building

Washington, D.C. 20510

Majority Leader of United States Senate;

Vice President Joseph Biden

1600 Pennsylvania Ave.

Washington, D.C. 20500

The President of U.S. Senate;

Orrin Hatch

104 Hart Senate Office Building

Washington, D.C. 20510

President Pro Tempore of U.S. Senate;

Charles Schumer

322 Hart Senate Office Building

Washington, D.C. 20510

Minority Leader Of U.S. Senate;

Paul Ryan

1233 Longworth House Office Building

Washington, D.C. 20515

Speaker of United States House of Representatives;

Nancy Pelosi,

233 Cannon House Office Building

Washington, D.C. 20515

Minority Leader of United States House of Representatives;

A Voting Rights Title 42 U.S.C.A. 1983 Action; Notice of Motion and Motion for Attorneys’ Fees

Electors, who were not qualified electors, due to violations of state election law, prohibiting dual emoluments from government employment, meaning electors are prohibited from having

part time or full time government employment.

Requiring valid voting registration within the Congressional District which

each elector in the Electoral College represents.

Some Electoral College electors were elected as electors, who were not registered to vote at all, and or who were not qualified to register to vote, Thus the voter registration of the elector was void as a matter of law, so the Elector’s electoral vote cast was null and void, ab initio as a matter of law.

Plaintiff asks this court to invalidate and decertify these 50 null and void electoral votes that were counted by U.S. Senate as valid, by a writ of mandamus or appropriate writ directed at U.S. Senate to do so. Plaintiff asks this Court to order President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence removed from office, and in accordance with Title 3 U.S.C.A. Section 19 ( c ) (1), replaced by Speaker of the House of Representatives, Paul Ryan, as President Pro Tempore of the United States. Plaintiff asks this Court to hold an evidence hearing at which Plaintiff will present evidence

As adequate legal proof, that such 50 electoral votes are null and void. Plaintiff asks this court to hold such hearing by an appropriate motion.

Plaintiff asks this Court to order a new presidential primary election and a new presidential general election to be quickly held to allow voters to vote

to fill the vacant offices of President and Vice President, because the preceding election was tainted by clear discriminatory intent, and a broad 18 USC 241 and 242 conspiracy

Questions

Are the Federal courts empowered to, in response to a complaint make judgements on the legal execution of state and federal laws and processes, and overrule the actions of other branches, even in elections?

Are legal elections of paramount importance to the proper functioning of the American government?

What is the minimum acceptable standard for counting votes in a national election?

Does the right to vote imply a right to have the vote secure, counted, and placed into an easily auditable system? If the system is not secured, was there an election?

Do rules, a method for enforcing those rules, and a regular process of externally auditing the enforcement as well as the rules themselves, contribute significantly to the security of valuables (money, votes)?

At what point does a cross state, policy program with at a minimum of 8 court decisions against, in 2 years, become an 18 USC 241, 242 criminal conspiracy to deny votes?

What expectation of transparency do voters have?

Is it really, expressly legal, to be spending taxpayer time, and dollars, to promote a group affiliation, while in office? Is this not campaigning on the job or party over country?

Introduction

Over the course of recent Constitutional amendment history from the Civil War, until today, the vast majority involve either voting ( 12th,14th ,15th , 17th, 19th, 23rd , 24th and 26th) or Presidential terms (20th, 22nd, and 25th )and succession in a consistent path; thus, highest priority of our laws must be said to be held by:

Elections, and broadening the electorate

Making sure that there is the right person in the office of the President at all times.

The current of the Constitutional doctrines must be seen as flowing toward a broadening of the electorate, to be ever more inclusive, ever less tolerant of attempts to prevent or restrict voting, and ever more careful that the White House occupant has achieved that lofty position through a legitimate, tried and tested methodology. Elections themselves must be kept as sacrosanct as possible, since to maintain separation of powers as well as good governance, most relief should, in ideal circumstances be addressed through the workings of Congress

Given the magnitude of these doctrines, it would seem to be self evident, that any and all measures that would normally be considered extraordinary, must be considered routine in terms of assuring the maximal efficacy of the process.

The precedent of Bush v Gore, clearly demonstrates the role of the Courts in Presidential elections, as indeed, supreme. Toney v White The management of the election processes, and any issues arising, especially of a racial nature must be examined at great length by the court system. In this case, the courts owe special responsibility in the wake of the surprising decision to gut the Voting Rights Shelby vs Holder to manage and monitor the results of their action.

In the complaint here, there is clear, and compelling evidence of fraud in multiple states in the electoral voting process, as likely an open and shut, cut and dried example of disregard for state and federal laws and statues as can be imagined. 50 of the presidential electors, representing 20+ million American voters, were as legally unqualified to vote, and had the same effect as 20 million non citizens. This cannot be ignored, by a government of laws; it is certainly a technicality, created by law, as is the electoral college itself.

The issues, pursuant to the Guarantee of a republican government, must be addressed, requiring a re-certification of the election, and vacating, the current Presidency. However, when there is such a blatant case of unlawful actions in one aspect of election law, demonstrating a flagrant disregard for the laws and processes to benefit of one particular group in one area of a complex process, common sense dictates a look at other, less obvious sections, and finds a consistently criminal intent to deny basic American rights, suppress the vote, and again, and again, we see, disproportionately primarily to minorities baked deeply into Republican party policies, in state after state.

Since Shelby vs Holder, when the Supreme Court struck down part of the Voting Rights act as “no longer necessary”. Recent times have proved other wise, as attempts to restrict voting produced federal court decisions in 8 different states North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Kansas, Michigan, Virginia, Florida, North Carolina, Texas striking down laws attempting to restrict the numbers of voters with discriminatory effect, and 2 meeting the high judicial bar of clear discriminatory intent– (Ohio, and Kansas cases likely would have made the same threshold, but were settled)the intent to keep black Americans from voting and all of these cases originated with the same group- the Republican party, likely with it’s associated partner in crime, ALEC. The stated reason- voter fraud, has often enough been debunked by their own statements, in the media. Please see exhibit D, in which statements by members the Republican party of several states clearly refer to an intent to suppress the vote, and in certain cases, specifically, the black vote. This is in no way meant to be a partisan attack- this is expressly about troublesome violations of the law in fact.

The simple fact though, is that a very public, and very illegal campaign has been waged against the right to vote, and if there were a minimum of 8 actions stopped in federal civil court, there are, under the surface far more. Post or pre election judicial relief should not be the responsibility of the people to assert and check, changes to systems of public interest should be made only with well defined standards of public notice, and open to public scrutiny on short notice request. The extraordinary and disgraceful period since the VRA dismantling has conclusively shown, and there is no reason, to limit it to the states with a history of racial discrimination.

Plaintiff asserts:

That according US federal and State laws, there was no winner in the 2016 presidential election, because 40+ Presidential electors were unqualified by US federal and state laws to decide the Presidency, as double office holders, or out of district electors.

This reduces the total number of electoral votes won by any candidate to under the Constitutionally mandated 270.

Plaintiff asks for a Preliminary injunction from any further actions by the unelected Presidential candidate, and that all actions taken, including nominations, etc. be nullified.

Plaintiff asserts, and can, and will prove at trial, with the help of expert witnesses that on several counts, factors that must be considered to assure that the election system itself, requires a level of precision the system is unable to currently provide.

Plaintiff asserts that knowingly attempting to limit the votes of citizens without cause is a crime.

Plaintiff asserts, and will, with the help of court aided Discovery, demonstrate that the election voter rolls were purged, in a manner that consistently demonstrates clear ethnic biases, and in a manner that muddies any elections results from it.

Plaintiff asserts that, at trial, the preponderance of evidence will clearly demonstrate the existence of a criminal cross-state conspiracy to deny Americans- black, Hispanic and Asian, of their rights based upon their race.

Standing

I claim standing based on being a voting citizen of the United States of America, whose broad standing in voters rights cases has been established, from Baker V Carr, Wesberry v Sanders.

In this case; the sheer gravity of having an unelected or compromised head of state; possibilities for war, foreign entanglements, the dismantling of the systems of record, should establish the standing of any citizen a case with reasonable Constitutional merit self evident. In this particular instance, potential harm can be inferred specifically on the sheer power and magnitude of the Presidency, and can be felt from the lack of domestic tranquility; there have been the largest protests, ever, and every, single day, since the inauguration, now, three weeks later. The idea that the legality a head of state’s election, along with the heads of every major department of the US federal government, is not the concern of the citizens of the country, flies in the face of not only American democratic republic, but the very concept of democratic republics in general, as without clear, and fair election processes, no one can be said to have the right to vote.

That a citizen, whose Supreme Law, begins with the phrase, We the People, one whose beginnings come from throwing off tyrannical government, should be told, the integrity election processes which control trillions of dollars, the legislative direction of the country, is not their business is more reminiscent of

The Wizard of Oz, Frank Baum

“Pay no attention to the man behind the curtain,”

Than-

ex parte Yarbrough, 110 US 651 – Supreme Court 1884

It is as essential to the successful working of this government that the great organisms of its executive and legislative branches should be the free choice of the people as that the original form of it should be so. In absolute governments, where the monarch is the source of all power, it is still held to be important that the exercise of that power shall be free from the influence of extraneous violence and internal corruption.

In a republican government, like ours, where political power is reposed in representatives of the entire body of the people, chosen at short intervals by popular elections, the temptations to control these elections by violence and by corruption is a constant source of danger.

Such has been the history of all republics, and, though ours has been comparatively free from both these evils in the past, no lover of his country can shut his eyes to the fear of future danger from both sources.

Further, on reapportionment; I claim additional standing as a Former resident of a state- PA, likely to receive additional representation in a reapportionment, a state which suffers from electronic voting with no paper ballot records.

I claim standing as a person of black heritage in America; there is clearly, a pattern of criminal discriminatory intent in denying black votes, attempts to illegally suppress the vote across multiple states in America. This pattern, which also, due to lack of apportionment adjustments, continued voter fraud, voter suppression, leads to a watering down of my vote, and a lower representation of a sub set of people to which I belong.

I claim standing under the Guarantee Clause of the Constitution. It is one of the few positive rights listed in the Constitution. There is a standard of saying it is non enforceable as a “political question”. Good idea. Let’s keep the courts on non political matters like, religion in schools, desegregation, abortion, but don’t wander into controversial political topics people might be hardened against reasonable debate with, and completely outside what courts do, like judge the definition of what a republican government is, and the duties of the government in enforcing that guarantee to the citizens of every state. The dominant and countervailing argument is in the given name of the clause- the GUARANTEE clause. If you talk to a car salesman, and he says he guarantees a car will operate for 10 years, and you ask well, in the event of the break down, what would be the process, and he says, oh, not my department, Plaintiff makes the recommendation that you buy elsewhere, and humbly suggests a higher standard for the American Republic It is the strongest language in the Constitution, and names the entire government, not just Congress, with the responsibility of providing a republican government, and to protect the country from external destruction, naming specifically invasion. It is one of the very few clauses that specifically invoke positive rights in the constitution, as it expressly guarantees a republican, (note the small ‘r’ republican) form of government. No representation of the public can be said to exist if the entire system cannot be counted on to properly manage elections.

In Lance v Coffman, 549 U.S. 437,439 (2007) it specifically mentions voter rights as that which citizens get broad latitude for standing, and specifically mentions Baker v.Carr

In Baker v. Carr there were 4 plaintiffs in a voting rights action filed under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court granted the 4 plaintiffs standing and reversed the U.S. District Court and the U.S. Court of Appeals and ordered the case remanded for trial according to instructions. The 4 plaintiffs who were voters had suffered the same injury-in-fact that more than 400,000 other voters in Fulton County, Georgia had suffered, the diluting of the value of their popular votes for candidates to represent them in the Georgia Senate compared to voters in rural farm counties in Georgia who on a population basis had 6 times the representation in the Georgia Senate . Clearly in the eyes of the U.S. Supreme Court, the fact that the injury-in-fact that the 4 voters, who were plaintiffs suffered, was shared with 400,000 other voters in Fulton County, Georgia, did not invalidate the standing of the 4 voters who did file a lawsuit against the state of Georgia. Only 4 voters sued as plaintiffs, the other 400,000 voters who suffered the same injury-in-fact did not sue.

School district of Abington v Shemp, was a case out of the Eastern District Court of PA, in which one family successfully sued for changes to mandatory religious readings in school, in a case which no more benefited their specific situation than thousands, and perhaps millions of Pennsylvania school children. However, the merits of the case- the separation of church and state, were the basis for the case, as was freedom of religion.

Often, it is stated that harms must be particularized; however this would leave any large group’s rights unavailable for relief or remedy. If say, Republicans in Congress passed a bill declaring that that all people who had voted Democrat in any election would have to be branded with a red ‘x’ on their foreheads, all Democrats would lack standing to sue; since their harm was not particularized. Nor does there seem to be a well defined numerical limit to the number of people to whom particularized is defined as. How many people have to be directly affected by an ills of governmental law breaking for them to be disenfranchised of their right to sue for relief? Is millions the number, or is it 100,000? Should Flint water recipients be denied legal relief, without particularized harm differentiating them from other people in Flint? Or does the fact that some harm, any harm, of an interested party, with clear evidence of government wrongdoing constitute standing? If finding this opens the Courts up to flood gates, which then require that all government processes become fully transparent, and fully answerable to the people of this country, this is a consequence for which I am willing to bear responsibility.

Frankly, the inference of Article III section 2 as requiring “injury-in-fact” is spurious at best as “Constitutional law”, completely unsupported by any text in that Article. Rather, it must be seen for what it is. Supreme Court doctrine, primarily developed over the last century, and focused the last 40.

Preemption doctrine trumps standing in this case; the specific harms are not specifically mentioned in Article III, therefore it is court doctrine and cannot stop the enforcement of Constitutional doctrines.

The standard applied here is from In Edgar v. MITE Corp., 457U.S.624 (1982)the Supreme Court ruled: “A state statute is void to the extent that it actually conflicts with a valid Federal statute”. In effect, this means that a State law will be found to violate the Supremacy Clause when either of the following two conditions (or both) exist:[8]

Compliance with both the Federal and State laws is impossible

“State law stands as an obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress.

The interpreted doctrine of standing (Association of Data Processing Service Organizations v. Camp, 1970) of injury in fact, for plaintiffs having lack of standing. However in the above example, Supreme Court rulings and established in stare decisis legal processes for the US government substituted in the above example for State law, and Constitution, for Congress, as there is some legal weight to Congressional jurisdiction v state jurisdiction, none at all to Constitution v any other legal.

Proposed test:

In effect, this means that a court rules at any level will be found to violate the Supremacy Clause when either of the following two conditions (or both) exist:[8]

Compliance with both the Constitutional and court rules is impossible

Court rules stand as an obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of the Constitution

(Ashby vs White)Chief Justice Holt

In all other cases,” he says, “it is a general and indisputable rule, that where there is a legal right, there is also a legal remedy by suit, or action at law, when ever that right is invaded.”

And afterwards, p. 109. of the same vol. he says, “I am next to consider such injuries as are cognisable by the courts of the common law. And herein I shall for the present only remark, that all possible injuries whatsoever, that did not fall within the exclusive cognisance of either the ecclesiastical, military, or maritime tribunals, are, for that very reason, within the cognisance of the common law courts of justice; for it is a settled and invariable principle in the laws of England that every right, when withheld, must have a remedy, and every injury its proper redress.”

(Marbury vs Madison, 1803)

The government of the United States has been emphatically termed a government of laws, and not of men. It will certainly cease to deserve this high appellation, if the laws furnish no remedy for the violation of a vested legal right.

Jurisdiction

This action is brought pursuant to the United States Constitution. It is authorized

by Article III, Section 2, which extends the federal judicial power to all cases arising in equity under the Constitution. “The identification and protection of fundamental rights is an enduring part of the judicial duty to interpret the Constitution.” Obergefell v. Hodges, 576 U.S. ____, slip.

at 10 (2015). That grant of equitable jurisdiction requires Article III courts to apply the underlying principles of the Constitution to new circumstances unforeseen by the framers, such as an election in which due diligence was not completed, and the duties of the Office of President were being executed by a person who was placed into office as a result of fraud.

An actual controversy has arisen and exists between Plaintiffs and Defendants because Defendants have through failure to address their duties- Plaintiffs in a dangerous situation, continue to infringe upon Plaintiffs’ constitutional rights, among other violations of law. Plaintiffs have no adequate remedy at law to redress the harms herein, which are of a continuing nature and which, if left unresolved, will be irreversible.

U.S.C. § 2201 (creation of a remedy), and 28 U.S.C. § 2202 (further relief)
28 U.S. Code § 1651(all writs) as this action arises under the laws of the United States.

First Claim for Relief

Plaintiff attests that according to the state legislatures of several states, electors representing 40+ electoral college votes were not qualified to do so under state and federal law were void ab initio. The enclosed packet (Exhibit A) details very specifically the state and federal codes violated.

Most state Constitutions are reflective of the US Constitution and Article II, section 1 is no different;

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves.

In most states, it is illegal to hold the office of Elector while holding another state office- nearly all require Electors to be inhabitants of the state, and most require that Electors reside in the district they represent.

Thus, these were literally illegal votes, in what is the most simple, open and shut disqualification of a legal process that can be imagined. The alternative is to effectively set a precedent that fraud, violations of legal processes originating in the Constitution can be overlooked by a court with

It is could be suggested that this was a matter for the individual states; however;

Nor can the Senate’s completely ceremonial “certification” consisting of counting what is sent by the states of the electoral votes be held as somehow cleansing the process- the Senate alone, cannot be said to overwrite existing state laws, referenced by the Constitution, especially not when 50 unqualified electors would represent the voting blocks of more that 20 million people.

Please see Exhibit A, as all names, and state statutes violated are present.

Second Claim for Relief

Plaintiff alleges that the Interstate Crosscheck program, especially in the context of the other discriminatory intent legal findings, and quotes, must be calculated in an audit of potentially tainted election.

Plaintiff alleges that that double voting is essentially a moot issue, especially in Presidential elections. 10,000 people voting 4 times each, would be 40,000 extra votes across multiple states, in a large, unlikely and unwieldy criminal conspiracy that would not guarantee any results.

In 27 states, all but 2 Republican, including Pennsylvania, there is a list of 7 million names, out of the 110 million in the databases, or approximately 6% of the electorate that are suspected “double voters”, putting an onus of suspected criminal activity on citizens with government officials, based on the very “suspicious” behavior, of similar first and last names in different states. The below sample is an example of the “matches”.

VoterState

First_Name

Middle_Name

Last_Name

Suffix_Name

Georgia

MICHAEL

JASON

WILLIAMS

Ohio

MICHAEL

ANTHONY

WILLIAMS

Georgia

MICHAEL

LEE

WILLIAMS

JR

Ohio

MICHAEL

A

WILLIAMS

Georgia

MICHAEL

JUSTIN

WILLIAMS

Ohio

MICHAEL

KEITH

WILLIAMS

Georgia

MICHAEL

V

WILLIAMS

Ohio

MICHAEL

D

WILLIAMS

In the analysis- African Americans, Latino’s and Asians are disproportionately represented by approximately 13%, while white Americans are underrepresented by approximately 9%.

This list is operated by Kris Kobach of Kansas- the Secretary of State who sued EAC in

KOBACH v. THE UNITED STATES ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION, lost, and proceeded to act in a manner in 2016 agreed to settle with the ACLU to avoid a contempt of court on the order, for refusing to register 10’s of thousands of voters who had not complied with the new, and still illegal citizenship requirements, likely denying citizens

Plaintiff repeats for clarity- the Secretary of State of Kansas, a person who has defied a federal court order, purging voters tens of thousand of voters illegally, has built a list of 7 million people with similar names in different states, 67% more likely to affect minority voters because of a larger incidence of similar names. Kris Kobach has collaborated with 26 states as a justification for purging voters. In 8 of these states, public laws have been struck down in court cases brought against them, 2 found to have had discriminatory intent, as Ohio and Kansas settled. These are cases about voting hours, and voter id’s. Does the Court stipulate that discriminatory intent will only extend to public processes? Or is it far more likely that, behind the scenes, in untraceable, un audited election processes the same commitment to winning at any cost?

In Michigan, 450,000 names were on the Crosscheck list. The final margin for victory was less than 10,000.

Toney v. White, 488 F. 2d 310 – Court of Appeals, 5th Circuit 1973

Notwithstanding the fact that the record does not reveal any calculated racially motivated purpose for the acts and omissions of the Registrar, the acts and practices of this defendant constitute an unlawful deprivation of the right of qualified Negro voters to vote regardless of race or color as provided by the Fifteenth Amendment and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, especially in light of the State Attorney General’s opinion as to the timing of these acts and practices.”

“10. Where, as here, there has been a history of racial discrimination in the voting process, and a public official applies or neglects to apply the laws pertaining to the purging of voter rolls contrary to the spirit of Louisiana law, the result of which is that a substantial number of Negroes are purged and few whites are purged, when by proper application of the law fewer Negroes would have been purged and more whites would have been purged, we conclude here that Negroes have been discriminated against in the administration of the voting process in violation of the Fifteenth Amendment and of Sections 2 and 11(a) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and 42 U.S.C. § 1971(a).”

It was the view of the district court that the remedy of voiding an election was appropriate regardless of the good faith intentions of the election officials once discrimination in fact was proven in the administration of the election process. The election was thereupon voided

A test for the legality, below, from Richardson v Ramirez, and Justice Marshall, only, Crosscheck centers around no specific statute, and instead of convicted felon who has served their time, instead, the qualification, is having a similar name to someone in a different state, and potentially being double registered, with then the potential for double voting, is the person being purged from the rolls.

78*78 We concluded: “[I]f a challenged statute grants the right to vote to some citizens and denies the franchise to others, `the Court must determine whether the exclusions are necessary to promote a compelling state interest.’ “405 U. S., at 337. (Emphasis in original.)

Third Claim for Relief

Plaintiff further asserts that improperly, 14th Amendment section 2- allowing of voter removal by states, but requiring reapportionment, has never been assessed in drawing electoral maps- allowing for overrepresentation by states that regularly disbar voters. Because of the elector and house limits; the representational shift would constitute a move of electors and House representatives.

Now, the Warren Court era case used to justify this continued disenfranchisement, more than a 100 years after the Amendment became part of the Constitution is Richardson vs Ramirez(1974).

That this is the bellwether case on a subject matter as important as voter disenfranchisement is telling; on it’s face, this case is outside the bounds of the text Article III, Section 2 far more clearly than any “injury-in-fact” boilerplate dismissal, and indeed; approximately 50% of the text of the majority and the 2 dissents were spent attempting to explain the grant of writ of certiorari, after the State Supreme Court had ruled for no relief granted to the plaintiffs.

Where then, is the case or Controversy? This is a purely advisory opinion of the sort expressly forbidden by centuries of case law, and one with a dubious and frankly dangerous to civil rights; and the Courts should welcome the opportunity to reclaim high ground, consistent rulings, and relegate this case to the dustbins and to the footnotes of history, as the Plaintiff here, pulls the footnotes and the dissent to it’s proper place as the face of 14A section 2, the words of the Honorable Thurgood Marshall (Richardson v Ramirez):

[24] To say that § 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment is a direct limitation on the protection afforded voting rights by § 1 leads to absurd results. If one accepts the premise that § 2 authorizes disenfranchisement for any crime, the challenged California provision could, as the California Supreme Court has observed, require disenfranchisement for seduction under promise of marriage, or conspiracy to operate a motor vehicle without a muffler.Otsuka v. Hite, 64 Cal. 2d 596, 414 P. 2d 412 (1966). Disenfranchisement extends to convictions for vagrancy in Alabama or breaking a water pipe in North Dakota, to note but two examples. Note, Disenfranchisement of Ex-felons: A Reassessment, 25 Stan. L. Rev. 845, 846 (1973). Even a jaywalking or traffic conviction could conceivably lead to disenfranchisement, since § 2 does not differentiate between felonies and misdemeanors.

From the main body of the dissent (Marshall, Richardson v Ramirez):

Since the Court nevertheless reaches the merits of the constitutionality of California’s disenfranchisement of ex-felons, I find it necessary to register my dissent on the merits as well. The Court construes § 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment as an express authorization for the States to disenfranchise former felons. Section 2 does except disenfranchisement for “participation in rebellion, or other crime” from the operation of its penalty provision. As the Court notes, however, there is little independent legislative history as to the crucial words “or73*73 other crime”; the proposed § 2 went to a joint committee containing only the phrase “participation in rebellion” and emerged with “or other crime” inexplicably tacked on.[16] In its exhaustive review of the lengthy legislative history of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Court has come upon only one explanatory reference for the “other crimes” provision—a reference which is unilluminating at best.

The historical purpose for § 2 itself is, however, relatively clear and in my view, dispositive of this case. The Republicans who controlled the 39th Congress were concerned that the additional congressional representation of the Southern States which would result from the abolition of slavery might weaken their own political dominance.[18] There were two alternatives available—either to limit southern representation, which was unacceptable on a long-term basis,[19] or to insure that southern Negroes, sympathetic to the Republican cause, would be enfranchised; but an explicit grant of suffrage to Negroes was thought politically unpalatable at the time.[20] Section 2 of the Fourteenth Amendment was the resultant compromise.74*74 It put Southern States to a choice—enfranchise Negro voters or lose congressional representation.

Given that in Florida, felon disenfranchisement renders 25% of the African American voters ineligible, it would seem to be an unfortunate form of voter suppression via race.

Plaintiff would take this one step further, and say that the meaning of the passage to be a modifier probably best expressed as “rebellion or other such crime” would have been a less ambiguous way of stating the meaning, meant to encompass other, similar treasonous acts for which participation in democratic society would be dangerous, and likely to be manipulated to the detriment of the people of the state/country. Given the time period, it seems inconceivable that the framers of the 14th Amendment were unaware that rebellion is in fact a crime,[1]and thus would have said, simply, crime, were that the true intent.

The intent to avoid have large groups disenfranchised from voting, while others in the same jurisdiction, have their votes magnified in national and state wide representation,(hence more powerful in maintaining the legal conditions that spawn the disenfranchisement of the vote)without even a semblance of an adjustment, is a straight line of progress from the infamous 3/5ths compromise through to 14A section 2.

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons

It is clear here, from “excluding Indians not taxed” and 3/5ths of all other persons, that a status of not taxed is the only place where enumeration should not be applied

Are we to believe then, that a loophole in a passage meant to ensure national reapportionment as a check on voter disenfranchisement in an amendment, excuse me THE amendment, to ensure equal protection for all men(not being quite enlightened yet to include the fairer sex), after the bloody and protracted war was then meant to have the effect of millions enumerated, for 5/5ths representation, or an even better deal for the “real” citizens in terms of national power, than slavery? It strains credulity that in developing a remedy to ensure southern black people had the right to vote, and a penalty paid for removing voter rights, should become the very instrument of voter right suppression through an ill-defined word. Also, if one is to assume then, that people are, taken out of the voting, would they not then qualify as “all other persons” and have us back at 3/5s?

At the time of this decision, 1974, the total number of disenfranchised was still large for a society of this size- a million plus would be one of the largest prison countries on the planet even today; but today that number has reached 6 million or 2% of the US population; in Florida, that number reaches 10%. (see Exhibit B) 10% of the population that is also subject to taxation without representation.

“[T]he Equal Protection Clause is not shackled to the political theory of a particular era. In determining what lines are unconstitutionally discriminatory, we have never been confined to historic notions of equality, any more than we have restricted due process to a fixed catalogue of what was at a given time deemed77*77 to be the limits of fundamental rights.”Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections, 383 U. S. 663, 669 (1966).”

“In my view, the disenfranchisement of ex-felons must be measured against the requirements of the Equal Protection Clause of § 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment. That analysis properly begins with the observation that because the right to vote “is of the essence of a democratic society, and any restrictions on that right strike at the heart of representative government,”Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U. S., at 555, voting is a “fundamental” right. As we observed inDunn v. Blumstein, supra, at 336:

78*78 We concluded: “[I]f a challenged statute grants the right to vote to some citizens and denies the franchise to others, `the Court must determine whether the exclusions are necessary to promote a compelling state interest.’ “405 U. S., at 337. (Emphasis in original.)

I think it clear that the State has not met its burden of justifying the blanket disenfranchisement of former felons presented by this case. There is certainly no basis for asserting that ex-felons have any less interest in the democratic process than any other citizen. Like everyone else, their daily lives are deeply affected and changed by the decisions of government.

Prayer for Relief

Adopt transparency guidelines, and redress ability guidelines for audits on elections, election systems. Declaratory relief on minimally compliant Constitutional standards, to serve as law until Congress can pass an appropriate law.

Determine whether or not Presidential power was appropriately transferred; there has been someone assuming the office who did not hold it.

If a nullification occurs, ask that all departed department heads of Cabinet posts be asked to return in the interim to manage their departments.

Subpoenas to get from 50 states and the District of Columbia, detailed reports on voters, voters purged when and for what reason

Writ of Mandamus to order a comprehensive, external investigation, and audit of the election processes of all states, possibly from UN and report to base findings upon, as well as state by state, list of complaints

Retain jurisdiction over this action to monitor and enforce Defendants’ compliance with

the national remedial plan and all associated orders of this Court

Grant such other and further relief as the Court deems just and proper.

Leave to amend- there are other voices which must weigh in, and additional avenues which must be covered to make a reform comprehensive enough to even allow for real re vote, or to have trustworthy elections.

Exhibit A- List of disqualified electors, and the state statutes disqualifying them

Exhibit C- Order to show cause to avoid a contempt of court

Exhibit D- Discriminatory Intent

Unbelievable GOP Statements on Voter Suppression

You would think that making it easier for citizens to vote would be something for everyone in a democracy to celebrate. But the shocking remarks by these six government officials — some of whom will be on the November ballot — tell a different story.

Gov. Chris Christie: Same-Day Voter Registration Is a “Trick” and GOP Needs to Win Gubernatorial Races So They Control “Voting Mechanisms”

Earlier this week, New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie spoke at a US Chamber of Commerce gathering in Washington, DC. In his comments, The Recordreports that Christie “pushed further into the contentious debate over voting rights than ever before, saying Tuesday that Republicans need to win gubernatorial races this year so that they’re the ones controlling ‘voting mechanisms’ going into the next presidential election.”

This isn’t the first time Christie’s come clean about GOP intentions at the ballot box. In August, while campaigning in Chicago for Bruce Rauner, the GOP candidate challenging Gov. Pat Quinn, Christie complained that Illinois would become the 11th state to permit same-day voter registration this November — a move supporters say will increase turnout and improve access. Christie didn’t see it that way, calling it an underhanded Democratic get-out-the-vote tactic. Christie said of Quinn: “I see the stuff that’s going on. Same-day registration all of a sudden this year comes to Illinois. Shocking,” he added sarcastically. “I’m sure it was all based upon public policy, good public policy to get same-day registration here in Illinois just this year, when the governor is in the toilet and needs as much help as he can get.” He added that the voter registration program is designed to be a major “obstacle” for Republican gubernatorial candidates.

Georgia state Sen. Fran Millar (R-Dunwoody) wrote an angry op-ed following the news that DeKalb County, part of which he represents, will permit early voting on the last Sunday in October. The voting will take place at the Gallery at South DeKalb mall. Here’s what Millar wrote in The Atlanta-Journal Constitution: “[T]his location is dominated by African-American shoppers and it is near several large African-American mega churches such as New Birth Missionary Baptist… Is it possible church buses will be used to transport people directly to the mall since the poll will open when the mall opens? If this happens, so much for the accepted principle of separation of church and state.” Millar, who is senior deputy whip for the Georgia Senate Republicans, promised to put an end to Sunday balloting in DeKalb County when state lawmakers assemble in the Capitol in January.

In 2012, Republican officials in Ohio were limiting early voting hours in Democratic-majority counties, while expanding them on nights and weekends in Republican counties. In response to public outcry, Ohio Secretary of State Jon Husted mandated the same early voting hours in all 88 Ohio counties. He kept early voting hours from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on weekdays from Oct. 2 to 19 and broadened hours from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. from Oct. 22 to Nov. 2. But he refused to expand voting hours beyond 7 p.m. during the week, on weekends or three days prior to the election — which is when voting is most convenient for many working-class Ohioans. Here’s what the Franklin Party (Columbus) Ohio GOP chair, Doug Preis, and close adviser to Ohio Gov. John Kasich, said about limiting early voting. “I guess I really actually feel we shouldn’t contort the voting process to accommodate the urban — read African-American — voter-turnout machine.” (And yes, he actually said “read African-American,” that wasn’t inserted.)

Greg Abbott: Texas AG Says Partisan Districting Decisions Are Legal, Even if There Are “Incidental Effects” on Minority Voters

The 2010 Census results showed that 89 percent of the population growth in Texas came from minorities, but “when it came to fitting those new seats in the map, Republican lawmakers made sure three of them favored Republicans, who tend to be white,” according to the Associated Press. The Justice Department claims that Texas lawmakers intentionally redrew the state’s congressional districts in order to dilute the Hispanic vote. Attorney General Greg Abbott, who is running for governor of Texas, wrote the following in a letter to the Department of Justice defending the state’s voting maps:

“DOJ’s accusations of racial discrimination are baseless. In 2011, both houses of the Texas Legislature were controlled by large Republican majorities, and their redistricting decisions were designed to increase the Republican Party’s electoral prospects at the expense of the Democrats. It is perfectly constitutional for a Republican-controlled legislature to make partisan districting decisions, even if there are incidental effects on minority voters who support Democratic candidates.”

While running for a Florida congressional seat in 2012, Ted Yoho suggested that only property owners should have the right to vote, as you can watch in this video. Here’s what he said: “I’ve had some radical ideas about voting and it’s probably not a good time to tell them, but you used to have to be a property owner to vote.” He also called early voting by absentee ballots “a travesty.” And yes, Yoho won the election, and is now a member of Congress.

Don Yelton: North Carolina GOP Precinct Chair: Voter-ID Law Will “Kick Democrats in the Butt” and Hurt “Lazy Blacks”

In an interview last year with The Daily Show, Don Yelton, a GOP precinct chair in Buncombe County, North Carolina, defended the state’s new voter-ID law, saying so many offensive things, he was asked to resign the day after it aired. Yelton admits at the start of the segment that the number of Buncombe County residents who commit voter fraud is one or two out of 60,000 a year. The interview correspondent, Aasif Mandvi, replies that those numbers show “there’s enough voter fraud to sway zero elections,” and then Yelton replies, “Mmmm…that’s not the point.” He goes on to say that “if it hurts a bunch of lazy blacks that want the government to give them everything, so be it.” and then adds, “The law is going to kick the Democrats in the butt.” After the segment aired, the Buncombe County GOP Chair issued a statement on Yelton’s comments, calling them “offensive, uniformed and unacceptable of any member within the Republican Party” and called for Yelton’s resignation. He obliged.

The stated purpose of these laws, of course, has always been that they prevent voter fraud; you need to have ID to verify your identity for other things, after all, so why not voting? And polls generally show a strong majority of Americans agree.

But as any voter ID opponent will tell you, there are so few cases of documented voter fraud that it’s not clear there’s actually an ill that’s being cured. Instead, Democrats allege that these laws are clearly aimed at disenfranchising minority voters, in particular, because they are less likely to have the proper IDs. And minority voters, of course, heavily favor the Democratic Party.

Assisting Democrats in this argument that it’s all a partisan power grab? A handful of unhelpful Republicans who have suggested in recent years that voter ID does indeed help the GOP — perhaps so much that it would put them over the top in blue-leaning swing states like Wisconsin and Pennsylvania.

“I think Hillary Clinton is about the weakest candidate the Democrats have ever put up,” Grothman said, before volunteering the following: “And now we have photo ID, and I think photo ID is going to make a little bit of a difference as well.”

It wasn’t the first time, though, that Grothman has suggested as much. Back in 2012, when he was a state senator, he also predicted voter ID could have helped Mitt Romney win his state. Asked if it could make the difference in a close race, Grothman agreed that it could.

“Yes, right,” he said, according to clip posted by the liberal ThinkProgress. “I think we believe that, insofar as there are inappropriate things, people who vote inappropriately are more likely to vote Democrat.”

Perhaps the most well-publicized example of this belongs to then-Pennsylvania state House Majority Leader Mike Turzai (R), who said even more clearly in a 2012 speech that voter ID would help Romney carry his state.

“Voter ID, which is going to allow Governor Romney to win the state of Pennsylvania: done,” Turzai said while listing his legislature’s accomplishments.

It didn’t help when, after the 2012 election, Pennsylvania GOP Chairman Robert Gleason agreed with the statement that the attention drawn to voter ID probably helped Republicans. (Voter ID hadn’t actually been implemented yet, but we’ll get to that.)

“Yeah, I think a little bit,” Gleason said. “We probably had a better election. Think about this: We cut Obama by 5 percent, which was big. A lot of people lost sight of that. He beat McCain by 10 percent; he only beat Romney by 5 percent. And I think that probably photo ID helped a bit in that.”

And then there’s that infamous 2013 “Daily Show” interview of a local North Carolina GOP precinct chairman who said he was okay with it if voter ID prevented “lazy blacks” from voting.

“The law is going to kick the Democrats in the butt,” Don Yelton added. He was later asked to resign over his racist comments.

Each time a GOP official says something like this, Democrats get understandably excited. Aha! they say, here’s proof that the laws are actually aimed at disenfranchising minority and/or Democratic voters and helping Republicans!

Apart from the last case, though, that’s drawing an extra line or two between what these Republicans are saying about voter ID and its impacts. As noted above, Pennsylvania didn’t even wind up having voter ID in the 2012 election, because it got hung up in court, and Gleason was merely talking about the debate over it helping Republicans. Given that polls show it’s popular, there’s a case to be made that’s true.

When it comes to the other examples, a more charitable read is basically what Grothman said in 2012: Republicans believe voter ID combats voter fraud, and voter fraud is more likely to be perpetrated by Democrats.

That, of course, is highly debatable. And what’s more, saying that voter ID would do enough to actually help Republicans win states they otherwise wouldn’t would require it to stop a significant amount of voter fraud — which, again, has never been documented.

All of which is to say that Grothman and other Republicans can probably defend their comments accordingly. But they’re doing so on awfully shaky ground. And any time you hail the passage of a law as potentially helping your side win elections, you’re basically begging to be accused of passing it for the wrong reasons. Which is a really unhelpful thing for Republicans.

Exhibit E- Crosscheck list sample

Attached.

[1] somewhat arguably in a nation whose initial legal document defines the case for which revolution is a responsibility, beyond it’s status as a right. Though of course the irony of claiming a document proclaiming all men to be created equal and any government impinging upon a person’s liberty or pursuit of happiness was inherently invalid was the legal foundation for forming a government based upon the inequality of man, and the ability to literally bind humans in chains was lost on the Confederacy, in their attempts to use Declarational powers.