Riboflavin deficiency

Severe riboflavin deficiency is rare and often occurs with other B vitamin deficiencies. Symptoms include red, swollen, cracked lips, mouth and tongue; aversion to bright light; loss of appetite; weakness; fatigue; depression; anemia; loss of vision; burning and itching of the eyes; and dermatitis. Decreased sensitivity to touch, temperature, vibration and position may occur in the hands and feet. Riboflavin deficiency may be associated with an increase in throat and esophageal cancers. Cancer, cardiac disease and diabetes may lead to or exacerbate riboflavin deficiency.

People who are lactose intolerant and who cannot drink milk (which is a good source of riboflavin) may be at risk of deficiency. Those with malabsorption disorders, diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome may also be at risk. Mild riboflavin deficiency may be quite common in elderly people whose diets are low in red meat and dairy products. Systemic infections, even without gastrointestinal tract involvement, may increase riboflavin requirements.

Cataract

Riboflavin deficiency may be associated with the development of cataracts. Researchers involved in the New York State Lens Opacities Case-Control Study assessed the risk factors for various types of cataract among 1380 participants aged 40 to 79 years. They found an increased risk with low levels of several nutrient including riboflavin.' Riboflavin is necessary for the activity of an enzyme which exerts protective effects on the eye.

Rheumatoid arthritis

In a 1996 study UK researchers assessed the links between riboflavin status and rheumatoid arthritis in patients and in those without the disease. The results showed that biochemical riboflavin deficiency was more frequent in patients with active disease. Riboflavin is necessary for the action of an enzyme which has anti-inflammatory activity and deficiency could reduce the activity and ben- eficial effect of that enzyme.