Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

3 3 Pierre Kennepohl1,2 and Edward Solomon1* 1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Electrontransfer, or the act of moving an electron from one place to another, is amongst the simplest of chemical processes, yet certainly one of the most critical. The process of efficiently and controllably moving electrons around is one of the primary regulation mechanisms in biology. Without stringent control of electrons in living organisms, life could simply not exist. For example, photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation (to name but two of the most well-known biochemical activities) are driven by electrontransfer processes. It is unsurprising, therefore, that much effort has been placed on understanding the fundamental principles that control and define the simple act of adding and/or removing electrons from chemical species.

Coordination of Transmission Line Transfer Capabilities Final Project Report Power Systems since 1996 PSERC #12;Power Systems Engineering Research Center Coordination of Transmission Line Summary The maximum power that can be transferred over any transmission line, called the transfer capacity

Facilities > TransmissionElectron Facilities > TransmissionElectron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes FACILITIES TransmissionElectron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes Overview Other Facilities Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr TransmissionElectron Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscopes The research activities of the Corrosion and Mechanics of Materials Section are supported by complete metallography/sample preparation rooms equipped with several optical and electron microscopes: a TransmissionElectron Microscope and two Scanning Electron Microscopes. Bookmark and Share Transmissionelectron microscope (TEM) Detail of JEOL 100CXII TEM Figure 1: Detail of JEOL 100CXII TEM. Click on image to view larger image.

Dynamic transmissionelectron microscopy (DTEM) combines the benefits of high spatial resolution electron microscopy with the high temporal resolution of ultrafast lasers. The incorporation of these two components into a single instrument provides a perfect platform for in situ observations of material processes. However, previous DTEM applications have focused on observing structural changes occurring in samples exposed to high vacuum. Therefore, in order to expand the pump-probe experimental regime to more natural environmental conditions, in situ gas and liquid chambers must be coupled with Dynamic TEM. This chapter describes the current and future applications of in situ liquid DTEM to permit time-resolved atomic scale observations in an aqueous environment, Although this chapter focuses mostly on in situ liquid imaging, the same research potential exists for in situ gas experiments and the successful integration of these techniques promises new insights for understanding nanoparticle, catalyst and biological protein dynamics with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution.

A ponderomotive phase plate system and method for controllably producing highly tunable phase contrast transfer functions in a transmissionelectron microscope (TEM) for high resolution and biological phase contrast imaging. The system and method includes a laser source and a beam transport system to produce a focused laser crossover as a phase plate, so that a ponderomotive potential of the focused laser crossover produces a scattering-angle-dependent phase shift in the electrons of the post-sample electron beam corresponding to a desired phase contrast transfer function.

Proton-Coupled ElectronTransfer (PCET) describes reactions in which there is a change in both electron and proton content between reactants and products. It originates from the influence of changes in electron content on acid?base properties and provides a molecular-level basis for energy transduction between proton transfer and electrontransfer. Coupled electron?proton transfer or EPT is defined as an elementary step in which electrons and protons transfer from different orbitals on the donor to different orbitals on the acceptor. There is (usually) a clear distinction between EPT and H-atom transfer (HAT) or hydride transfer, in which the transferringelectrons and proton come from the same bond. Hybrid mechanisms exist in which the elementary steps are different for the reaction partners. EPT pathways such as PhO•/PhOH exchange have much in common with HAT pathways in that electronic coupling is significant, comparable to the reorganization energy with H{sub DA} ~ ?. Multiple-Site Electron?Proton Transfer (MS-EPT) is an elementary step in which an electron?proton donor transferselectrons and protons to different acceptors, or an electron?proton acceptor accepts electrons and protons from different donors. It exploits the long-range nature of electrontransfer while providing for the short-range nature of proton transfer. A variety of EPT pathways exist, creating a taxonomy based on what is transferred, e.g., 1e{sup -}/2H{sup +} MS-EPT. PCET achieves “redox potential leveling” between sequential couples and the buildup of multiple redox equivalents, which is of importance in multielectron catalysis. There are many examples of PCET and pH-dependent redox behavior in metal complexes, in organic and biological molecules, in excited states, and on surfaces. Changes in pH can be used to induce electrontransfer through films and over long distances in molecules. Changes in pH, induced by local electrontransfer, create pH gradients and a driving force for long-range proton transfer in Photosysem II and through other biological membranes. In EPT, simultaneous transfer of electrons and protons occurs on time scales short compared to the periods of coupled vibrations and solvent modes. A theory for EPT has been developed which rationalizes rate constants and activation barriers, includes temperature- and driving force (?G)-dependences implicitly, and explains kinetic isotope effects. The distance-dependence of EPT is dominated by the short-range nature of proton transfer, with electrontransfer being far less demanding.Changes in external pH do not affect an EPT elementary step. Solvent molecules or buffer components can act as proton donor acceptors, but individual H2O molecules are neither good bases (pK{sub a}(H{sub 3}O{sup +}) = ?1.74) nor good acids (pK{sub a}(H{sub 2}O) = 15.7). There are many examples of mechanisms in chemistry, in biology, on surfaces, and in the gas phase which utilize EPT. PCET and EPT play critical roles in the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) of Photosystem II and other biological reactions by decreasing driving force and avoiding high-energy intermediates.

. As a result, in ECD the primary source of excess energy is the recombination energy released when the electronAnalytical Model for Rates of Electron Attachment and Intramolecular ElectronTransfer in Electron-mail: simons@chem.utah.edu Abstract: A new physical model is put forth to allow the prediction of electron

A simple transmissionelectron microscope (TEM) suitable for lecture demonstrations is described. In this TEM electrons are created in a glow discharge between two parallel electrodes in air at a reduced pressure. The electrons are collimated by a small hole in the anode focused by a solenoid that acts as an electromagnetic lens and imaged on a thin layer of phosphor deposited inside an Erlenmeyer flask. An image of a biological sample placed between the source and the lens can be magnified about 20 times. The microscope uses inexpensive components that can be quickly assembled during a demonstration. The TEM provides a visual and memorable display that highlights phenomena such as mean-free-path charged particle optics electrical discharges and cathodoluminescence.

Gated field emission cathodes can provide short electron pulses without the requirement of laser systems or cathode heating required by photoemission or thermionic cathodes. The large electric field requirement for field emission to take place can be achieved by using a high aspect ratio cathode with a large field enhancement factor which reduces the voltage requirement for emission. In this paper, a cathode gate driver based on the output pulse train from a nonlinear transmission line is experimentally demonstrated. The application of the pulse train to a tufted carbon fiber field emission cathode generates short electron pulses. The pulses are approximately 2 ns in duration with emission currents of several mA, and the train contains up to 6 pulses at a frequency of 100 MHz. Particle-in-cell simulation is used to predict the characteristic of the current pulse train generated from a single carbon fiber field emission cathode using the same technique.

The efficiency of photo-induced electrontransfer reactions is increased and the back transfer of electrons in such reactions is greatly reduced when a photo-sensitizer zinc porphyrin-surfactant and an electron donor manganese porphyrin-surfactant are admixed into phospholipid membranes. The phospholipids comprising said membranes are selected from phospholipids whose head portions are negatively charged. Said membranes are contacted with an aqueous medium in which an essentially neutral viologen electron acceptor is admixed. Catalysts capable of transferringelectrons from reduced viologen electron acceptor to hydrogen to produce elemental hydrogen are also included in the aqueous medium. An oxidizable olefin is also admixed in the phospholipid for the purpose of combining with oxygen that coordinates with oxidized electron donor manganese porphyrin-surfactant.

The efficiency of photo-induced electrontransfer reactions is increased and the back transfer of electrons in such reactions is greatly reduced when a photo-sensitizer zinc porphyrin-surfactant and an electron donor manganese porphyrin-surfactant are admixed into phospho-lipid membranes. The phospholipids comprising said membranes are selected from phospholipids whose head portions are negatively charged. Said membranes are contacted with an aqueous medium in which an essentially neutral viologen electron acceptor is admixed. Catalysts capable of transferingelectrons from reduced viologen electron acceptor to hydrogen to produce elemental hydrogen are also included in the aqueous medium. An oxidizable olefin is also admixed in the phospholipid for the purpose of combining with oxygen that coordinates with oxidized electron donor manganese porphyrin-surfactant.

New Developments in TransmissionElectron Microscopy for Nanotechnology** By Zhong Lin Wang* 1. Electron Microscopy and Nanotechnology Nanotechnology, as an international initiative for science manufacturing are the foundation of nanotechnology. Tracking the historical background of why nanotechnology

The nuclear barrier to electrontransfer arises from the need for reorganization of intramolecular and solvent internuclear distances prior to electrontransfer. For reactions with relatively small driving force (''normal'' free-energy region) the nuclear factors and rates increase as intrinsic inner-shell and outer-shell barriers decrease; this is illustrated by data for transition metal complexes in their ground electronic states. By contrast, in the inverted free-energy region, rates and nuclear factors decrease with decreasing ''intrinsic'' barriers; this is illustrated by data for the decay of charge-transfer excited states. Several approaches to the evaluation of the outer-shell barrier are explored in an investigation of the distance dependence of the nuclear factor in intramolecular electron-transfer processes. 39 refs., 14 figs., 3 tabs.

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Scanning TransmissionElectron Microscopy Investigations of Complex Oxides Scanning TransmissionElectron Microscopy Investigations of Complex Oxides Monday, May 23, 2011 - 3:30pm SSRL Conference room 137-322 Professor Tom Vogt, NanoCenter & Department of Chemistry, University of South Carolina High-Angle-Annular-Dark-Field/Scanning TransmissionElectron Microscopy (HAADF/STEM) is a technique uniquely suited for detailed studies of the structure and composition of complex oxides. The HAADF detector collects electrons which have interact inelastically with the potentials of the atoms in the specimen and therefore resembles the better known Z2 (Z is atomic number) Rutherford scattering. One class of important catalysts consists of bronzes based on pentagonal {Mo6O21} building units; these include Mo5O14 and Mo17O47. In the last 20 years, new materials doped with

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power transmission systems constitute an important application of power electronics technology. This paper reviews salient aspects of this growing industry. The paper summarizes the history of HVDC transmission and discusses the economic and technical reasons responsible for development of HVDC systems. The paper also describes terminal design and basic configurations of HVDC systems, as well as major equipments of HVDC transmission system. In this regard, the state-of-the-art technology in the equipments constructions are discussed. Finally, the paper reviews future developments in the HVDC transmission systems, including promising technologies, such as multiterminal configurations, Gate Turn-Off (GTO) devices, forced commutation converters, and new advances in control electronics.

spectrum of MnO2 acquired at 200 kV using a Hitachi HF-2000 transmissionelectron microscope equipped lines observed in electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmissionelectron microscope (TEMMapping the Valence States of Transition-Metal Elements Using Energy-Filtered TransmissionElectron

A simple theory of elementary act of interrelated reactions of electron and proton transfer is developed. Mechanisms of synchronous and multistage transfer and coherent transitions via a dynamically populated ...

We show the existence of a new regime of operation for travelling wave tubes (TWTs) composed of slow-wave periodic structures that support two or more electromagnetic modes, with at least two synchronized with an electron beam. The interaction between the slow-wave structure and an electron beam is quantified using a multi transmission line approach (MTL) and transfer matrix analysis leading to the identification of modes with complex Bloch wavenumber. In particular, we report a new operation condition for TWTs based on an electron beam synchronous to two modes exhibiting a degeneracy condition near a band edge in a MTL slow-wave periodic structure. We show a phenomenological change in the band structure of periodic TWT where we observe at least two growing modal cooperating solutions as opposed to a uniform MTL interacting with an electron beam where there is strictly only one growing mode solution.

The recent development of in-situ liquid stages for (scanning) transmissionelectron microscopes now makes it possible for us to study the details of electrochemical processes under operando conditions. As electrochemical processes are complex, care must be taken to calibrate the system before any in-situ/operando observations. In addition, as the electron beam can cause effects that look similar to electrochemical processes at the electrolyte/electrode interface, an understanding of the role of the electron beam in modifying the operando observations must also be understood. In this paper we describe the design, assembly, and operation of an in-situ electrochemical cell, paying particular attention to the method for controlling and quantifying the experimental parameters. The use of this system is then demonstrated for the lithiation/delithiation of silicon nanowires.

In many of the chemical steps in photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis, proton coupled electrontransfer (PCET) plays an essential role. An important issue is how excited state reactivity can be integrated with PCET to carry out solar fuel reactions such as water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen or water reduction of CO{sub 2} to methanol or hydrocarbons. The principles behind PCET and concerted electron–proton transfer (EPT) pathways are reasonably well understood. In Photosystem II antenna light absorption is followed by sensitization of chlorophyll P{sub 680} and electrontransfer quenching to give P{sub 680}{sup +}. The oxidized chlorophyll activates the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), a CaMn4 cluster, through an intervening tyrosine–histidine pair, Y{sub Z}. EPT plays a major role in a series of four activation steps that ultimately result in loss of 4e{sup ?}/4H{sup +} from the OEC with oxygen evolution. The key elements in photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis – light absorption, excited state energy and electrontransfer, electrontransfer activation of multiple-electron, multiple-proton catalysis – can also be assembled in dye sensitized photoelectrochemical synthesis cells (DS-PEC). In this approach, molecular or nanoscale assemblies are incorporated at separate electrodes for coupled, light driven oxidation and reduction. Separate excited state electrontransfer followed by proton transfer can be combined in single semi-concerted steps (photo-EPT) by photolysis of organic charge transfer excited states with H-bonded bases or in metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states in pre-associated assemblies with H-bonded electrontransfer donors or acceptors. In these assemblies, photochemically induced electron and proton transfer occur in a single, semi-concerted event to give high-energy, redox active intermediates.

In this study, a combined tilt- and focal series is proposed as a new recording scheme for high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmissionelectron microscopy (STEM) tomography. Three-dimensional (3D) data were acquired by mechanically tilting the specimen, and recording a through-focal series at each tilt direction. The sample was a whole-mount macrophage cell with embedded gold nanoparticles. The tilt focal algebraic reconstruction technique (TF-ART) is introduced as a new algorithm to reconstruct tomograms from such combined tilt- and focal series. The feasibility of TF-ART was demonstrated by 3D reconstruction of the experimental 3D data. The results were compared with a conventional STEM tilt series of a similar sample. The combined tilt- and focal series led to smaller missing wedge artifacts, and a higher axial resolution than obtained for the STEM tilt series, thus improving on one of the main issues of tilt series-based electron tomography.

We investigate the cyclical stick-slip motion of water nanodroplets on a hydrophilic substrate viewed with and stimulated by a transmissionelectron microscope. Using a continuum long wave theory, we show how the electrostatic stress imposed by non-uniform charge distribution causes a pinned convex drop to deform into a toroidal shape, with the shape characterized by the competition between the electrostatic stress and the surface tension of the drop, as well as the charge density distribution which follows a Poisson equation. A horizontal gradient in the charge density creates a lateral driving force, which when sufficiently large, overcomes the pinning induced by surface heterogeneities in the substrate disjoining pressure, causing the drop to slide on the substrate via a cyclical stick-slip motion. Our model predicts step-like dynamics in drop displacement and surface area jumps, qualitatively consistent with experimental observations.

Effectiveness of electron-cyclotron and transmission resonance heating in inductively coupled October 2005 The electron-cyclotron and transmission resonances in magnetically enhanced low-pressure one. It is shown that, for a high discharge frequency, the plasma resistance is greatly enhanced at electron-cyclotron

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Electrontransfer dissociation (ETD), a technique that provides efficient fragmentation while depositing little energy into vibrational modes, has been widely integrated into proteomics workflows. Current implementations of this technique, as well as ...

We propose a new theoretical approach to study the kinetics of the electrontransfer (ET) under the dynamical influence of the complex environments with the first passage times (FPT) of the reaction events. By measuring the mean and high order moments of FPT and their ratios, the full kinetics of ET, especially the dynamical transitions across different temperature zones, is revealed. The potential applications of the current results to single molecule electrontransfer are discussed.

Here we report the study of single molecule electrontransfer dynamics by coupling fluorescence microscopy at a conventional electrochemical cell. The single-molecule fluorescence spectroelectrochemistry of cresyl violet in aqueous solution and on nanoparticle surface were studied. We observed that the single-molecule fluorescence intensity of cresyl violet is modulated synchronously with the cyclic voltammetric potential scanning. We attribute the fluorescence intensity change of single cresyl violet molecules to the electrontransfer reaction driven by the electrochemical potential.

In response to the ever increasing demand for smaller and lighter high performance cooling devices a new heat transfer liquids come into picture, called Nanofluids. Nanofluids are new class of heat transfer fluids developed by suspending nanosized solid particles in liquids. Larger thermal conductivity of solid particles compared to the base fluid such as water, ethylene glycol, engine oil, etc. significantly enhances its thermal properties. Numbers of phenomenological models have been proposed to explain the anomalous heat transfer enhancement in nanofluids. This paper presents systematic literature survey observed to exploit several characteristic behaviours of nanofluids viz. increase in thermal conductivity, specific heat and other thermal properties. An empirical correlation for Al2O3 + water nanofluid and effects of temperature, volume fraction and size of nanoparticle is studied. The effect of temperature on nanofluid thermal conductivity is also brought out. This behaviour combined with better mechanical properties makes fluids embedded with nanomaterials are excellent candidates for future applications.

Tailoring of electron flow current in magnetically insulated transmission lines J. P. Martin,2,3 M of the drive pulse. It is clear that neither fixed gap nor constant-impedance transmission lines are optimal the impedance profiles developed in a radial disk magnetically insulated transmission line geometry. The input

Contact ion pair (CIP) formation is especially relevant to the reactivity of organic and organometallic nucleophiles and electrophiles in solution. The authors felt that the intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) absorptions which commonly accompany the interaction of uncharged nucleophiles (donors) with electrophiles (acceptors) could also provide the experimental means to assess CIP behavior. Accordingly they examined the CT excitations from CIPs of carbonylmetallate anions in this study, since they are known to be effective nucleophiles with relatively low ionization potentials.

Fabrication of curved-line nanostructures on membranes for transmissionelectron microscopy, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom Available online 28 February 2006 Abstract We have fabricated curved-line ferromagnetic nanostructures on membranes for transmissionelectron microscopy investigations of the equilibrium

...environmental remediation is the activation...and neighboring water molecules...geometry of the ground state and...relevant to chemical remediation and the destruction...Calculations where the ground state is optimized...electron (the true ground state of our...7732-18-5 Water 7782-39-0...

We report isotopic and microstructural data on five presolar hibonite grains (KH1, KH2, KH6, KH15, and KH21) identified in an acid residue of the Krymka LL3.1 ordinary chondrite. Isotopic measurements by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) verified a presolar circumstellar origin for the grains. Transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) examination of the crystal structure and chemistry of the grains was enabled by in situ sectioning and lift-out with a focused-ion-beam scanning-electron microscope (FIB-SEM). Comparisons of isotopic compositions with models indicate that four of the five grains formed in low-mass stars that evolved through the red giant/asymptotic giant branches (RGBs/AGBs), whereas one grain formed in the ejecta of a Type II supernova. Selected-area electron-diffraction patterns show that all grains are single crystals of hibonite. Some grains contain minor structural perturbations (stacking faults) and small spreads in orientation that can be attributed to a combination of growth defects and mechanical processing by grain-grain collisions. The similar structure of the supernova grain to those from RGB/AGB stars indicates a similarity in the formation conditions. Radiation damage (e.g., point defects), if present, occurs below our detection limit. Of the five grains we studied, only one has the pure hibonite composition of CaAl12O19. All others contain minor amounts of Mg, Si, Ti, and Fe. The microstructural data are generally consistent with theoretical predictions, which constrain the circumstellar condensation temperature to a range of 1480-1743 K, assuming a corresponding total gas pressure between 1 ? 10–6 and 1 ? 10–3 atm. The TEM data were also used to develop a calibration for SIMS determination of Ti contents in oxide grains. Grains with extreme 18O depletions, indicating deep mixing has occurred in their parent AGB stars, are slightly Ti enriched compared with grains from stars without deep mixing, most likely reflecting differences in grain condensation conditions.

The distance dependence of photoinduced electrontransfer in duplex DNA was determined for a family of synthetic DNA hairpins in which a stilbene dicarboxamide forms a bridge connecting two oligonucleotide arms. Investigation of the fluorescence and transient absorption spectra of these hairpins established that no photoinduced electrontransfer occurs for a hairpin that has six deoxyadenosine-deoxythymidine base pairs. However, the introduction of a single deoxyguanosine-deoxycytidine base pair resulted in distance-dependent fluorescence quenching and the formation of the stilbene anion radical. Kinetic analysis suggests that duplex DNA is somewhat more effective than proteins as a medium for electrontransfer but that it does not function as a molecular wire.

Convergent Iterative Constrained Variation Algorithm for Calculation of Electron the potential-dependent transition states of electrontransfer reactions by quantum calculations. This approach makes it more feasible to study heterogeneous electrontransfer processes with the theory of local

The long-term goal of the proposed research is to understand electrontransfer dynamics in nanoparticle/liquid interface. This knowledge is essential to many semiconductor nanoparticle based devices, including photocatalytic waste degradation and dye sensitized solar cells.

In this thesis, an electronically controllable transmission line (ECTL) is presented. By modulating the conductivity of a doped Si modulator in the ECTL, the wave propagation constant in the ECTL is controlled. Measured results show a phase...

Transmission and backscattering coefficients were measured for 4.0- to 12.0-MeV monoenergetic electrons normally incident on solid targets of C, Al, Cu, Ag, Ta, and U. Transmitted and backscattered electrons were collected by biased Faraday cups, each subtending ?90% of 2? sr. Number transmission coefficients at 10 MeV agree with Berger and Seltzer's Monte Carlo results, and saturation backscattering coefficients generally agree with Tabata's results to within ±10%. Empirical formulas for determining the extrapolated range and both the transmission and backscattering coefficients as a function of Z, energy, and thickness have been developed.

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

In the theory of Sumi and Kakitani on electrontransfer (ET) via a midway molecule, the overall ET was formulated using the second-order perturbation method and phenomenologically incorporating the renormalization factor in the intermediate state to escape from the divergence of the rate. In this Letter, we developed a nonperturbative theory of the ET via a midway molecule and we have succeeded in naturally deriving the above renormalization factor under certain approximations.

Improved conditions for imaging and spectroscopic mapping of thin perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer layers in fuel cell electrodes by scanning transmissionelectron microscopy (STEM) have been investigated. These conditions are first identified on model systems of Nafion ionomer-coated nanostructured thin films and nanoporous Si. The optimized conditions are then applied in a quantitative study of the ionomer through-layer loading for two typical electrode catalyst coatings using electron energy loss and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the transmissionelectron microscope. The e-beam induced damage to the perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer is quantified by following the fluorine mass loss with electron exposure and is then mitigated by a few orders of magnitude using cryogenic specimen cooling and a higher incident electron voltage. Multivariate statistical analysis is also applied to the analysis of spectrum images for data denoising and unbiased separation of independent components related to the catalyst, ionomer, and support.

A central focus of biological research is understanding the structure/function relationship of macromolecular protein complexes. Yet conventional transmissionelectron microscopy techniques are limited to static observations. Here we present the first direct images of purified macromolecular protein complexes using in situ liquid scanning transmissionelectron microscopy. Our results establish the capability of this technique for visualizing the interface between biology and nanotechnology with high fidelity while also probing the interactions of biomolecules within solution. This method represents an important advancement towards allowing future high-resolution observations of biological processes and conformational dynamics in real-time.

in some electrontransfer reactions).' Many bio- chemical charge-transfer reactions take place in fluid media whose properties govern life processes.' Before current can flow in a fuel cell, the fuel has to diffuse to an electrode for electrontransfer to occur and the spent fuel must diffuse away

Review A pragmatic approach to structure based calculation of coupled proton and electrontransfer of electrons and protons occurs in many proteins. Using appropriate tools for calculation, the three; and calculation of the proton uptake and protein motion coupled to the electrontransfer from the primary (QA

Quenching of fluoranthene (FA) singlets by tetrabromo-o-benzoquinone (TBBQ) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) was studied both in xylene solutions and in spin-cast polystyrene (PS) films. Emphasis was placed on time-resolved fluorescence transients resulting from pulsed excitation. Linear Stern-Volmer plots were obtained for quenching in solution and gave diffusion-controlled rate constants, of 1.45 x 10/sup 10/ M/sup -1/ sec/sup -1/ and 1.53 x 10/sup 10/ M/sup -1/ sec/sup -1/ for TBBQ and TMPD, respectively. TBBQ was found to quench FA singlets in PS over the studied concentration range 12 mM < (TBBQ) < 48 mM, but in its presence FA singlets decayed nonexponentially. The results were interpreted quantitatively in terms of pure Foerster's transfer from FA to TBBQ without diffusion of excitons. The critical transfer radius R/sub 0/ was experimentally determined to be 24.3 A, which is in good agreement with the theoretical value of 23 A calculated from spectral data. Quenching of FA singlets in PS films was found to be independent of FA concentration over a 300 mM to 1200 mM FA concentration range for a constant TBBQ concentration of 24.0 mM. TMPD was only slightly effective as a quencher of FA singlets in PS because it apparently behaves strictly as a contact quencher based on reversible charge transfer. The implications of these results for the design of systems intended to exploit light-induced electrontransfer are discussed.

The interaction between silver and ionized and atomic gas was observed directly by in situ transmissionelectron microscopy with an environmental cell for the first time. The electron beam provides dual functions as the source of both gas ionization and imaging. The concentration of ionized gas was tuned via adjusting the current density of the electron beam. Oxidation of the silver is observed in situ, indicating the presence of ionized and/or atomic oxygen. The evolution of microstructure and phase constituents was characterized. Then the oxidation rate was measured, and the relationships among grain size, mass transport rate, and electron flux were characterized. The role of the electron beam is discussed, and the results are rationalized with respect to ex situ results from the literature.

Cooling apparatuses and coolant-cooled electronic systems are provided which include thermal transfer structures configured to engage with a spring force one or more electronics cards with docking of the electronics card(s) within a respective socket(s) of the electronic system. A thermal transfer structure of the cooling apparatus includes a thermal spreader having a first thermal conduction surface, and a thermally conductive spring assembly coupled to the conduction surface of the thermal spreader and positioned and configured to reside between and physically couple a first surface of an electronics card to the first surface of the thermal spreader with docking of the electronics card within a socket of the electronic system. The thermal transfer structure is, in one embodiment, metallurgically bonded to a coolant-cooled structure and facilitates transfer of heat from the electronics card to coolant flowing through the coolant-cooled structure.

A possible route towards achieving high power microwave devices is through the use of novel slow-wave structures employing multiple coupled transmission lines (MTLs) whose behavior when coupled to electron beams have not been sufficiently explored. We present the extension of the one-dimensional linearized Pierce theory to MTLs coupled to a single electron beam. We develop multiple formalisms to calculate the k-{\\omega} dispersion relation of the system and find that the existence of a growing wave solution is always guaranteed if the electron propagation constant is larger than or equal to the largest propagation constant of the MTL system. We verify our findings with illustrative examples which bring to light unique properties of the system in which growing waves were found to exist within finite bands of the electron propagation constant and discuss possible approach to improve the gain. By treating the beam-MTL interaction as distributed dependent current generators in the MTL, we derive relations charact...

A series of new dicationic sensitizers that are hybrids of pyrylium salts and viologens has been synthesized. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of these "pyrylogen" sensitizers are reported in sufficient detail to allow rationale design of new photoinduced electrontransfer reactions. The range of their reduction potentials (+0.37-+0.05V vs SCE) coupled with their range of singlet (48-63 kcal mol(-1)) and triplet (48-57kcalmol(-1)) energies demonstrate that they are potent oxidizing agents in both their singlet and triplet excited states, thermodynamically capable of oxidizing substrates with oxidation potentials as high as 3.1eV. The pyrylogens are synthesized in three steps from readily available starting materials in modest overall 11.4-22.3% yields. These sensitizers have the added advantages that: (1) their radical cations do not react on the CV timescale with oxygen bypassing the need to run reactions under nitrogen or argon and (2) have long wavelength absorptions between 413 and 523nm well out of the range where competitive absorbance by most substrates would cause a problem. These new sensitizers do react with water requiring special precautions to operate in a dry reaction environment.

The effect of ionic liquids on photoinduced electron-transfer reactions in a donor-bridge-acceptor system is examined for two ionic liquid solvents, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide and tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide. The results are compared with those for the same system in methanol and acetonitrile solution. Electron-transfer rates were measured using time-resolved fluorescence quenching for the donor-bridge-acceptor system comprising a 1-N,1-N-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diamine donor, a proline bridge, and a coumarin 343 acceptor. The photoinduced electron-transfer processes are in the inverted regime (-{Delta}G > {lambda}) in all four solvents, with driving forces of -1.6 to -1.9 eV and estimated reorganization energies of about 1.0 eV. The observed electron-transfer kinetics have broadly distributed rates that are generally slower in the ionic liquids compared to the neutral solvents, which also have narrower rate distributions. To describe the broad distributions of electron-transfer kinetics, we use two different models: a distribution of exponential lifetimes and a discrete sum of exponential lifetimes. Analysis of the donor-acceptor electronic coupling shows that for ionic liquids this intramolecular electron-transfer reaction should be treated using a solvent-controlled electron-transfer model.

Clouds of electrons in the vacuum chambers of accelerators of positively charged particle beams present a serious limitation for operation of these machines at high currents. Because of the size of these accelerators, it is difficult to probe the low energy electrons clouds over substantial lengths of the beam pipe. We applied a novel technique to directly measure the electron cloud density via the phase shift induced in a TE wave which is independently excited and transmitted over a straight section of the accelerator. The modulation in the wave transmission which appears to increase in depth when the clearing solenoids are switched off, seem to be directly correlated to the electron cloud density in the section. Furthermore, we expect a larger phase shift of a wave transmitted through magnetic dipole field regionsif the transmitted wave couples with the gyration motion of the electrons. We have used this technique to measure the average electron cloud density (ECD) specifically for the first time in magnetic field regions of a new 4-dipole chicane in the positron ring of the PEP-II collider at SLAC. In this paper we present and discuss the measurements taken in the Low Energy Ring (LER) between 2006 and 2008.

COST TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS If you are using the electronic version of the Cost Transfer form, you and send it in with the same number. A Cost Transfer is an adjustment made sometime after an event has occurred which transfers costs from University projects or activities where the charges had been originally

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Chemical Bonding: The Classical Description sharing or transferringelectrons between atoms LEWIS Structure (w/o quantum mechanics) Chapter. 3 Two or more atoms approach -> their electrons interact and form new arrangements of electrons with lower total potential energy than isolated atoms covalent ionic

Observation of growth, synthesis, dynamics and electrochemical reactions in the liquid state is an important yet largely unstudied aspect of nanotechnology. The only techniques that can potentially provide the insights necessary to advance our understanding of these mechanisms is simultaneous atomic-scale imaging and quantitative chemical analysis (through spectroscopy) under environmental conditions in the transmissionelectron microscope (TEM). In this study we describe the experimental and technical conditions necessary to obtain electron energy loss (EEL) spectra from a nanoparticle in colloidal suspension using aberration corrected scanning transmissionelectron microscopy (STEM) combined with the environmental liquid stage. At a fluid path length below 400 nm, atomic resolution images can be obtained and simultaneous compositional analysis can be achieved. We show that EEL spectroscopy can be used to quantify the total fluid path length around the nanoparticle, and demonstrate characteristic core-loss signals from the suspended nanoparticles can be resolved and analyzed to provide information on the local interfacial chemistry with the surrounding environment. The combined approach using aberration corrected STEM and EEL spectra with the in situ fluid stage demonstrates a plenary platform for detailed investigations of solution based catalysis and biological research.

A gas mixing manifold system that is capable of delivering a stable pressure stream of a desired composition of gases into an environmental transmissionelectron microscope has been developed. The system is designed to provide a stable imaging environment upon changes of either the composition of the gas mixture or upon switching from one gas to another. The design of the system is described and the response of the pressure inside the microscope, the sample temperature, and sample drift in response to flow and composition changes of the system are reported.

An in situ transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) analysis of a solid electrolyte, Cu-GeS, during resistance switching is reported. Real-time observations of the filament formation and disappearance process were performed in the TEM instrument and the conductive-filament-formation model was confirmed experimentally. Narrow conductive filaments were formed corresponding to resistance switching from high- to low-resistance states. When the resistance changed to high-resistance state, the filament disappeared. It was also confirmed by use of selected area diffractometry and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy that the conductive filament was made of nanocrystals composed mainly of Cu.

This paper reviews the various types of structural defects observed by TransmissionElectron Microscopy in GaN heteroepitaxial layers grown on foreign substrates and homoepitaxial layers grown on bulk GaN substrates. The structural perfection of these layers is compared to the platelet self-standing crystals grown by High Nitrogen Pressure Solution. Defects in undoped and Mg doped GaN are discussed. Some models explaining the formation of inversion domains in heavily Mg doped layers that are possible defects responsible for the difficulties of p-doping in GaN are also reviewed.

Surface Charges on the Rates of Intermolecular Electron-Transfer Surface Charges on the Rates of Intermolecular Electron-Transfer between de Novo Designed Metalloproteins A. Y. Kornilova, J. F. Wishart, and M. Y. Ogawa Biochem. 40, 12186-12192 (2001) [Find paper at ACS Publications] Abstract: A de novo designed coiled-coil metalloprotein was prepared that uses electrostatic interactions to control both its conformational and bimolecular electron-transfer properties. The title protein exists as a coiled-coil heterodimer of the [Ru(trpy)(bpy)-KK(37-mer)] and [Ru(NH3)5-EE(37-mer)] polypeptides which is formed by interhelix electrostatic attractions. Circular dichroism studies show that the electrostatic heterodimer has Kd = 0.19 Â± 0.03 ÂµM and is 96% helical at high concentrations. Intercomplex electron-transfer reactions were studied

?The singlet state of stilbene-4,4?-dicarboxamide can serve as a fluorescent probe of both DNA conformation and electrontransfer. Covalent incorporation of the stilbene-dicarboxamide into DNA structures with ...

In this dissertation, we discuss two methods developed during my PhD study to simulate electrontransfer systems. The first method, the semi-classical approximation, is derived from the stationary phase approximation to ...

...photosynthesis, two energy converting photosystems...connecting electron carriers are oxidized by photosystem...returns, photosynthetic energy conversion must be as e cient...quinol reduction is that conversion of the energy of elec- tron transfer...

This calculation introduces a promising way to catalyze gas-phase SN2 reactions at a unimolecular level by using an excess electron (EE) as an “electron solvent”. The EE participation leads to very favorable energetics for the reaction, by neutralizing the created positive charge as the reaction proceeds, and by also positioning the transition state earlier. The reaction occurs via an unusual electron-transfer-coupled SN2 mechanism. EE-transfer from its binding zone to the attacking group is a key step. This work provides additional insights into the unimolecular SN2 mechanism catalyzed by an EE acting as an “electron solvent”.

A hydrothermal method was used to synthesize high-purity Eu-doped Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanosheets and nanotubes with an approximate molar ratio of (0.1):(1.0) for Eu:Y. High-resolution transmissionelectron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis and synchrotron X-ray diffraction were used to characterize these nanomaterials. A body-centered cubic structure was confirmed for the nanotubes. The lattice parameter of Eu-doped Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanotubes were 0.12% larger as compared to that of pure Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} which was attributed to the larger ionic radius of Eu{sup 3+} (0.947 {angstrom}) than that of Y{sup 3+} (0.900 {angstrom}). The nanosheets had a similar structure. Nanosheets of approximate dimensions 600 to 800 nm length and width were obtained using a slightly lower pH value, and they were highly textured. The high resolution transmissionelectron microscopy images showed that the nanotubes are fully crystalline. The nanotubes were typically 1.5-3 {micro}m in length and 50-200 nm in diameter. Using a pH value of approximately 10, stable nanotubes were obtained. It is anticipated that nanosheets might have rolled to form more stable nanotubes.

We study the protocol known as quantum state transfer for a strongly coupled antiferromagnetic spin chain or ring (acting as a spin bus), with weakly coupled external qubits. By treating the weak coupling as a perturbation, we find that perfect state transfer (PST) is possible when second order terms are included in the expansion. We also show that PST is robust against variations in the couplings along the spin bus and between the bus and the qubits. As evidence of the quantum interference which mediates PST, we show that the optimal time for PST can be smaller with larger qubit separations, for an even-size chain or ring.

The research presented and discussed within involves the development of novel biological applications of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) and an investigation of mesoporous material by transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles organically functionalized shown to undergo endocytosis in cancer cells and drug release from the pores was controlled intracellularly and intercellularly. Transmissionelectron microscopy investigations demonstrated the variety of morphologies produced in this field of mesoporous silica nanomaterial synthesis. A series of room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) containing mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) materials with various particle morphologies, including spheres, ellipsoids, rods, and tubes, were synthesized. By changing the RTIL template, the pore morphology was tuned from the MCM-41 type of hexagonal mesopores to rotational moire type of helical channels, and to wormhole-like porous structures. These materials were used as controlled release delivery nanodevices to deliver antibacterial ionic liquids against Escherichia coli K12. The involvement of a specific organosiloxane function group, covalently attached to the exterior of fluorescein doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FITC-MSN), on the degree and kinetics of endocytosis in cancer and plant cells was investigated. The kinetics of endocystosis of TEG coated FITC-MSN is significantly quicker than FITC-MSN as determined by flow cytometry experiments. The fluorescence confocal microscopy investigation showed the endocytosis of TEG coated-FITC MSN triethylene glycol grafted fluorescein doped MSN (TEG coated-FITC MSN) into both KeLa cells and Tobacco root protoplasts. Once the synthesis of a controlled-release delivery system based on MCM-41-type mesoporous silica nanorods capped by disulfide bonds with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was completed. The material was characterized by general methods and the dosage and kinetics of the antioxidant dependent release was measured. Finally, the biological interaction of the material was determined along with TEM measurements. An electron investigation proved that the pore openings of the MSN were indeed blocked by the Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanoparticles. The biological interaction investigation demonstrated Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}-capped MSN endocytosis into HeLa cells. Not only does the material enter the cells through endocytosis, but it seems that fluorescein was released from the pores most probably caused by disulfide bond reducing molecules, antioxidants. In addition to endocytosis and release, the Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}-capped MSN propelled the cells across a cuvette upon induction of a magnet force. Finally, an important aspect of materials characterization is transmissionelectron microscopy. A TEM investigation demonstrated that incorporating different functional groups during the synthesis (co-condensation) changed the particle and pore morphologies.

Retail Electronic Payments Systems for Value Transfers in the Developing World Bill Maurer of existing retail electronic payment systems; and those that remain outside of national banking and financial institutions and involve new technologies for retail payments. Â· Payment and communication technologies from

...denote with m the final electronic state where there is no excess electron in the semiconductor's conduction band and a neutral...51 Bai, Y , J Zhang, Y Wang, M Zhang, and P Wang. 2011 Lithium-modulated conduction band edge shifts and charge-transfer...

The Dynamic TransmissionElectron Microscope (DTEM) offers a means of capturing rapid evolution in a specimen through in-situ microscopy experiments by allowing 15 ns electron micrograph exposure times. The rapid exposure time is enabled by creating a burst of electrons at the emitter by ultraviolet pulsed laser illumination. This burst arrives a specified time after a second laser initiates the specimen reaction. The timing of the two Q-switched lasers is controlled by high-speed pulse generators with a timing error much less than the pulse duration. Both diffraction and imaging experiments can be performed, just as in a conventional TEM. The brightness of the emitter and the total current control the spatial and temporal resolutions. We have demonstrated 7 nm spatial resolution in single 15 ns pulsed images. These single-pulse imaging experiments have been used to study martensitic transformations, nucleation and crystallization of an amorphous metal, and rapid chemical reactions. Measurements have been performed on these systems that are possible by no other experimental approaches currently available.

Samples of chemically-vapor-deposited micrometer and sub-micrometer-thick films of polysilicon were analyzed by transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) in cross-section and by Raman spectroscopy with illumination at their surface. TEM and Raman spectroscopy both find varying amounts of polycrystalline and amorphous silicon in the wafers. Raman spectra obtained using blue, green and red excitation wavelengths to vary the Raman sampling depth are compared with TEM cross-sections of these films. Films showing crystalline columnar structures in their TEM micrographs have Raman spectra with a band near 497 cm{sup {minus}1} in addition to the dominant polycrystalline silicon band (521 cm{sup {minus}1}). The TEM micrographs of these films have numerous faulted regions and fringes indicative of nanometer-scale silicon structures, which are believed to correspond to the 497cm{sup {minus}1} Raman band.

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

A novel scheme is presented for the preparation of cross?section transmissionelectron microscopy(TEM) specimens with a focused ion beam(FIB). This scheme is particularly suitable for highly structured substrates such as integrated circuits. The specimen is made by cutting a thin slice of material from the substrate by sputtering with the FIB. The position of the specimen can be selected with submicron resolution. The specimen is subsequently removed from the substrate and transported to a standard TEM?specimen holder. A specimen ready for TEM inspection can be prepared within 2 hs. The samples are of excellent quality as is illustrated with cross?section TEM images of FIB?made specimens of an electrically programmable read?only memory.

Elucidating the structural information of nanoscale materials in their solvent-exposed state is crucial, as a result, cryogenic transmissionelectron microscopy (cryo-TEM) has become an increasingly popular technique in the materials science, chemistry, and biology communities. Cryo-TEM provides a method to directly visualize the specimen structure in a solution-state through a thin film of vitrified solvent. This technique complements X-ray, neutron, and light scattering methods that probe the statistical average of all species present; furthermore, cryo-TEM can be used to observe changes in structure over time. In the area of self-assembly, this tool has been particularly powerful for the characterization of natural and synthetic small molecule assemblies, as well as hybrid organic–inorganic composites. In this review, we discuss recent advances in cryogenic TEM in the context of self-assembling systems with emphasis on characterization of transitions observed in response to external stimuli.

Recent instrumental developments have enabled greatly improved resolution of scanning transmissionelectron microscopes (STEM) through aberration correction. An additional and previously unanticipated advantage of aberration correction is the greatly improved depth sensitivity that has led to the reconstruction of a three-dimensional (3D) image from a focal series. In this chapter the potential of aberration-corrected 3D STEM to provide major improvements in the imaging capabilities for biological samples will be discussed. This chapter contains a brief overview ofthe various high-resolution 3D imaging techniques, a historical perspective of the development of STEM, first estimates of the dose-limited axial and lateral resolution on biological samples and initial experiments on stained thin sections.

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) molybdenum has been characterized using transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) to determine the effects of irradiation on material microstructure. This work describes the results-to-date from TEM characterization of unirradiated and irradiated ODS molybdenum. The general microstructure of the unirradiated material consists of fine molybdenum grains (< 5 {micro}m average grain size) with numerous low angle boundaries and isolated dislocation networks. 'Ribbon'-like lanthanum oxides are aligned along the working direction of the product form and are frequently associated with grain boundaries, serving to inhibit grain boundary and dislocation movement. In addition to the 'ribbons', discrete lanthanum oxide particles have also been detected. After irradiation, the material is characterized by the presence of nonuniformly distributed large ({approx} 20 to 100 nm in diameter), multi-faceted voids, while the molybdenum grain size and oxide morphology appear to be unaffected by irradiation.

Amorphous carbon films have been routinely used to enhance the preparation of frozen-hydrated samples for transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM), either in retaining protein concentration, providing mechanical stability or dissipating sample charge. However, strong background signal from the amorphous carbon support obstructs that of the sample, and the insulating properties of thin amorphous carbon films preclude any efficiency in dispersing charge. Graphene addresses the limitations of amorphous carbon. Graphene is a crystalline material with virtually no phase or amplitude contrast and unparalleled, high electrical carrier mobility. However, the hydrophobic properties of graphene have prevented its routine application in Cryo-TEM. This Letter reports a method for rendering graphene TEM supports hydrophilic—a convenient approach maintaining graphene's structural and electrical properties based on non-covalent, aromatic functionalization.

By performing two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the transfer between electron bulk kinetic and electron thermal energy in collisionless magnetic reconnection. In the vicinity of the X line, the electron bulk kinetic energy density is much larger than the electron thermal energy density. The evolution of the electron bulk kinetic energy is mainly determined by the work done by the electric field force and electron pressure gradient force. The work done by the electron gradient pressure force in the vicinity of the X line is changed to the electron enthalpy flux. In the magnetic island, the electron enthalpy flux is transferred to the electron thermal energy due to the compressibility of the plasma in the magnetic island. The compression of the plasma in the magnetic island is the consequence of the electromagnetic force acting on the plasma as the magnetic field lines release their tension after being reconnected. Therefore, we can observe that in the magnetic island the electron thermal energy density is much larger than the electron bulk kinetic energy density.

The surface conductivity measurement system using a micro-four-point probe (M4PP) had been developed for the ultrahigh vacuum transmissionelectron microscope (UHV-TEM). Since the current distribution in the sample crystals during the current voltage measurement by the M4PP is localized within the depth of several micrometers from the surface, the system is sensitive to the surface conductivity, which is related with the surface superstructure. It was installed in the main chamber of the TEM and the surface conductivity can be measured in situ. The surface structures were observed by reflection electron microscopy and diffraction (REM-RHEED). REM-RHEED enables us to observe the surface superstructures and their structure defects such as surface atomic steps and domain boundaries of the surface superstructure. Thus the effects of the defects on the surface conductivity can be investigated. In the present paper we present the surface conductivity measurement system and its application to the Si(111)-{radical}(3)x{radical}(3)-Ag surface prepared on the Si(111) vicinal surfaces. The result clearly showed that the surface conductivity was affected by step configuration.

A classical method used to characterize the strain in modern semiconductor devices is nanobeam diffraction (NBD) in the transmissionelectron microscope. One challenge for this method lies in the fact that the smaller the beam becomes, the more difficult it becomes to analyze the resulting diffraction spot pattern. We show that a carefully designed fitting algorithm enables us to reduce the sampling area for the diffraction patterns on the camera chip dramatically (?1/16) compared to traditional settings without significant loss of precision. The resulting lower magnification of the spot pattern permits the presence of an annular dark field detector, which in turn makes the recording of images for drift correction during NBD acquisition possible. Thus, the reduced sampling size allows acquisition of drift corrected NBD 2D strain maps of up to 3000 pixels while maintaining a precision of better than 0.07%. As an example, we show NBD strain maps of a modern field effect transistor (FET) device. A special filtering feature used in the analysis makes it is possible to measure strain in silicon devices even in the presence of other crystalline materials covering the probed area, which is important for the characterization of the next generation of devices (Fin-FETs).

Microstructure and electronic structure of highly strained bismuth ferrite (BiFeO{sub 3}) thin films grown on lanthanum aluminate substrates are studied using high-resolution transmission and scanning transmissionelectron microscopies and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Monoclinic and tetragonal phases were observed in films grown at different temperatures, and a mix of both phases was detected in a film grown at intermediate temperature. In this film, a smooth transition of the microstructure was found between the monoclinic and the tetragonal phases. A considerable increase in the c-axis parameters was observed in both phases compared with the rhombohedral bulk phase. The off-center displacement of iron (Fe) ions was increased in the monoclinic phase as compared with the tetragonal phase. EEL spectra show different electronic structures in the monoclinic and the tetragonal phases. These experimental observations are well consistent with the results of theoretical first-principle calculations performed.

Driving Force Dependence of ElectronTransfer Dynamics in Synthetic DNA Hairpins ... The driving force dependence of photoinduced electron-transfer dynamics in duplex DNA has been investigated for 16 synthetic DNA hairpins in which an acceptor chromophore serves as a linker connecting two complementary oligonucleotide arms containing a single donor nucleobase located either adjacent to the linker or separated from the linker by two unreactive base pairs. ... for a family of synthetic DNA hairpins in which a stilbene dicarboxamide forms a bridge connecting two oligonucleotide arms. ...

Selenium doped Ga0.51In0.49P films have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition at 600, 670 and 740° C. The extent of ordering of the Group III sublattice has been monitored by transmissionelectron...

We investigate the transfer and capture dynamics of electrons in phase coherent photorefractive ZnSe quantum wells grown on GaAs using degenerate three-beam four-wave-mixing. The measurements reveal electron capture times by the quantum well in the order of several tens of picoseconds and a transit time of approximately 5 picoseconds from the GaAs substrate through the ZnMgSe barrier.

We report the development of new experimental capabilities and ab initio modeling for real-time studies of Li-ion battery electrochemical reactions. We developed three capabilities for in-situ transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) studies: a capability that uses a nanomanipulator inside the TEM to assemble electrochemical cells with ionic liquid or solid state electrolytes, a capability that uses on-chip assembly of battery components on to TEM-compatible multi-electrode arrays, and a capability that uses a TEM-compatible sealed electrochemical cell that we developed for performing in-situ TEM using volatile battery electrolytes. These capabilities were used to understand lithiation mechanisms in nanoscale battery materials, including SnO{sub 2}, Si, Ge, Al, ZnO, and MnO{sub 2}. The modeling approaches used ab initio molecular dynamics to understand early stages of ethylene carbonate reduction on lithiated-graphite and lithium surfaces and constrained density functional theory to understand ethylene carbonate reduction on passivated electrode surfaces.

We report on transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) investigations of two mineralogically unusual stardust silicates to constrain their circumstellar condensation conditions. Both grains were identified by high spatial resolution nano secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) in the Acfer 094 meteorite, one of the most pristine carbonaceous chondrites available for study. One grain is a highly crystalline, highly refractory (Fe content < 0.5 at%), structurally undisturbed orthopyroxene (MgSiO{sub 3}) with an unusually high Al content (1.8 {+-} 0.5 at%). This is the first TEM documentation of a single crystal pyroxene within the complete stardust silicate data set. We interpret the microstructure and chemistry of this grain as being a direct condensate from a gas of locally non-solar composition (i.e., with a higher-than-solar Al content and most likely also a lower-than-solar Mg/Si ratio) at (near)-equilibrium conditions. From the overabundance of crystalline olivine (six reported grains to date) compared to crystalline pyroxene (only documented as a single crystal in this work) we infer that formation of olivine over pyroxene is favored in circumstellar environments, in agreement with expectations from condensation theory and experiments. The second stardust silicate consists of an amorphous Ca-Si rich material which lacks any crystallinity based on TEM observations in which tiny (<20 nm) hibonite nanocrystallites are embedded. This complex assemblage therefore attests to the fast cooling and rapidly changing chemical environments under which dust grains in circumstellar shells form.

Laser pulse control of ultrafast heterogeneous electrontransfer: A computational study Luxia Wang, Germany Received 31 March 2004; accepted 30 July 2004 Laser pulse control of the photoinduced 90 fs charge in which way the charge injection time can be changed by tailored laser pulses. In a second step a pump

Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783 J. L. Reno Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 L that are deduced using corrugated QWIPs and find that electrontransfer is efficient only when thermionic emission transport mechanisms, can change differ- ently for the two QWs within each QW pair because of dif- ferent

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Hybrid approach for including electronic and nuclear quantum effects in molecular dynamics January 2001 A hybrid approach for simulating proton and hydride transfer reactions in enzymes coefficient and to investigate the real-time dynamics of reactive trajectories. This hybrid approach includes

......is intercalated at the other end. See Fig. 5. When Ru absorbs...electrons from Rh at the other end are provided via transfer through...seibutsu" in Japanese, like humankind, is an open string. Interestingly...with certain protein at the ends, which makes the strings very......

of the ET chemistry of a free peroxide dianion will be useful in studies of metal-air batteries and the use or metal-ion association. This feature has allowed the electron-transfer (ET) kinetics of isolated peroxide or metal ions, and the anion exhibits reversible ET behavior; accordingly, the outer-sphere oxidation

We consider tunneling-mediated electrontransfer through time dependent bridges. An approach is developed for computing corrections to the time dependent tunneling matrix element that arise from the breakdown of the Born–Oppenheimer Adiabatic approximation. Differences between Franck–Condon and Born–Oppenheimer breakdown are discussed in the context of bridge-mediated tunneling.

Photoinduced electrontransfer in a self-assembled supramolecular ladder structure comprising oligomeric porphyrin rails and ligated dipyridyltetrazine rungs was characterized by transient absorption spectroscopy and transient direct current photoconductivity to be mainly from an oligomer (rail) to the center of a terminal tetrazine (rung), with the remaining hole being delocalized on the oligomer and subsequent charge recombination in 0.19 ns.

A phenomenological model of dynamical arrest of electrontransfer in solvents in the glass 2004; published online 17 February 2005 A phenomenological model of electrontransfer reactions-acceptor energy gaps dashed line in Fig. 1 differs from the equilibrium distribution. The present phenomenological

The electronic structure of an aggregation of graphene sheets with various thicknesses was probed by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. A uniform oxidation of the graphene sheets in the flat area was observed regardless of the thickness, while in the folded area the result could be strongly affected by the geometry. Moreover, thick parts of the aggregation showed strong angle-dependence to the incident X-ray, while thin parts showed less angle-dependence, which might be related to the surface wrinkles and ripples. The electronic structure differences due to the geometry and thickness suggest a complicated situation in the aggregation of graphene sheets.

...equal to the beam current per unit area per unit solid angle per unit energy interval, CFE electron sources with their...Monochromated, spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopic measurements of gold nanoparticles in the plasmon range...

Objective was to find methods for rapid, controlled placement of light absorbers, relays, and multi-electron catalysts at defined sites with respect to a semiconductor or metal surface and thus to develop methods for preparing chemically modified photoactive surfaces as artificial photosynthetic units. Progress has been made in four areas: synthesis of new materials for directional electrontransfer, preparation and characterization of anisotropic composites containing organic and inorganic components, elaboration of mechanisms of electrocatalysis, and development of new methods for surface modification of metals and semiconductors.

Calculations of Electronic Excitation Transfer:? Applications to Ordered Phases in Polymeric Materials ... NMR studies of 1H spin diffusion are most closely related to optical studies of electronic excitation transport (EET), for which time-resolved observables are calculated in this work. ... We performed model calculations using several distribution functions and determined that details of the functional form of u(r) in situations in which the chromophores occupy the same region are lost due to averaging over all chromophore positions in the calculation of ?Gs(t)?. ...

The algorithm for a theoretical calculation of transfer reaction rates for light quantum particles (i.e., the electron and H-atom transfers) in non-polar solid matrices is formulated and justified. The mechanism postulated involves a local mode (an either intra- or inter-molecular one) serving as a mediator which accomplishes the energy exchange between the reacting high-frequency quantum mode and the phonon modes belonging to the environment. This approach uses as a background the Fermi golden rule beyond the usually applied spin-boson approximation. The dynamical treatment rests on the one-dimensional version of the standard quantum relaxation equation for the reduced density matrix, which describes the frequency fluctuation spectrum for the local mode under consideration. The temperature dependence of a reaction rate is controlled by the dimensionless parameter ?{sub 0}=??{sub 0}/k{sub B}T where ?{sub 0} is the frequency of the local mode and T is the temperature. The realization of the computational scheme is different for the high/intermediate (?{sub 0} < 1 ? 3) and for low (?{sub 0}? 1) temperature ranges. For the first (quasi-classical) kinetic regime, the Redfield approximation to the solution of the relaxation equation proved to be sufficient and efficient in practical applications. The study of the essentially quantum-mechanical low-temperature kinetic regime in its asymptotic limit requires the implementation of the exact relaxation equation. The coherent mechanism providing a non-vanishing reaction rate has been revealed when T? 0. An accurate computational methodology for the cross-over kinetic regime needs a further elaboration. The original model of the hopping mechanism for electronic conduction in photosensitive organic materials is considered, based on the above techniques. The electrontransfer (ET) in active centers of such systems proceeds via local intra- and intermolecular modes. The active modes, as a rule, operate beyond the kinetic regimes, which are usually postulated in the existing theories of the ET. Our alternative dynamic ET model for local modes immersed in the continuum harmonic medium is formulated for both classical and quantum regimes, and accounts explicitly for the mode/medium interaction. The kinetics of the energy exchange between the local ET subsystem and the surrounding environment essentially determine the total ET rate. The efficient computer code for rate computations is elaborated on. The computations are available for a wide range of system parameters, such as the temperature, external field, local mode frequency, and characteristics of mode/medium interaction. The relation of the present approach to the Marcus ET theory and to the quantum-statistical reaction rate theory [V. G. Levich and R. R. Dogonadze, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. Khim. 124, 213 (1959); J. Ulstrup, Charge Transfer in Condensed Media (Springer, Berlin, 1979); M. Bixon and J. Jortner, Adv. Chem. Phys. 106, 35 (1999)] underlying it is discussed and illustrated by the results of computations for practically important target systems.

A series of donor-bridge-acceptor systems in the form of core/shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dot-bridge-fullerene heterodimers (see picture) with varying bridge length and varying quantum dot size were self-assembled by a surface-based stepwise method to demonstrate control of the rate and of the magnitude of fluctuations of photoinduced electrontransfer at the single-molecule level.

Electrontransfer (ET) from a donor to an acceptor through an energetically close intermediary state on a midway molecule is a process found often in natural and artificial solar-energy capturing systems such as photosynthesis. This process has often been thought of in terms of opposing 'superexchange' and 'sequential or hopping' mechanisms, and the recent theory of Sumi and Kakitani (SK) [J. Phys. Chem. B 105, 9603 (2001)] has shown an interpolation between these mechanisms. In their theory, however, dynamics governing the most interesting intermediary region between them has artificially been introduced by phenomenologies. The dynamics is played by decoherence among electronic states, their decay, and thermalization of phonons in the medium. The present work clarifies the dynamics on a microscopic basis by means of renormalization in electronic coupling among the states, and gives a complete unified expression of the rate constant of the ET. It merges to that given by the SK theory in the semiclassical approximation for phonons interacting with an electrontransferred.

The coupled transfer of electrons and protons is a central feature of biological and molecular catalysis, yet fundamental aspects of these reactions remain poorly understood. In this study, we extend the ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) method to enable direct simulation of proton-coupled electrontransfer (PCET) reactions across a wide range of physically relevant regimes. In a system-bath model for symmetric, co-linear PCET in the condensed phase, RPMD trajectories reveal distinct kinetic pathways associated with sequential and concerted PCET reaction mechanisms, and it is demonstrated that concerted PCET proceeds by a solvent-gating mechanism in which the reorganization energy is mitigated by charge cancellation among the transferring particles. We further employ RPMD to study the kinetics and mechanistic features of concerted PCET reactions across multiple coupling regimes, including the fully non-adiabatic (both electronically and vibrationally non-adiabatic), partially adiabatic (electronically adiabatic, but vibrationally non-adiabatic), and fully adiabatic (both electronically and vibrationally adiabatic) limits. Comparison of RPMD with the results of PCET rate theories demonstrates the applicability of the direct simulation method over a broad range of conditions; it is particularly notable that RPMD accurately predicts the crossover in the thermal reaction rates between different coupling regimes while avoiding a priori assumptions about the PCET reaction mechanism. Finally, by utilizing the connections between RPMD rate theory and semiclassical instanton theory, we show that analysis of ring-polymer configurations in the RPMD transition path ensemble enables the a posteriori determination of the coupling regime for the PCET reaction. This analysis reveals an intriguing and distinct 'transient-proton-bridge' mechanism for concerted PCET that emerges in the transition between the proton-mediated electron superexchange mechanism for fully non-adiabatic PCET and the hydrogen atom transfer mechanism for partially adiabatic PCET. Taken together, these results provide a unifying picture of the mechanisms and physical driving forces that govern PCET across a wide range of physical regimes, and they raise the possibility for PCET mechanisms that have not been previously reported.

The applications of photoinduced electrontransfer, one in solar energy storage and the other in polymeric photorefractive materials...N-vinylcarbazole), 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone and 4-(dicyanovinyl)-N,N-dieth...

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF SHOCK JUMP CHEMISTRY, ELECTRON TEMPERATURE, AND RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER MODELS IN HYPERSONIC FLOWS A Thesis by ROBERT BRIAN GREENDYKE Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment... of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1988 Major Subject: Aerospace Engineering A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF SHOCK JUMP CHEMISTRY, ELECTRON TEMPERATURE, AND RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER MODELS IN HYPERSONIC FLOWS A Thesis by ROBERT BRIAN...

The Al/Ni formation reaction is highly exothermic and of both scientific and technological significance. In this report, we study the evolution of intermetallic phases in this reaction at a heating rate of 830 K/s. 100-nm-thick Al/Ni bilayers were deposited onto nanocalorimeter sensors that enable the measurement of temperature and heat flow during rapid heating. Time-resolved transmissionelectron diffraction patterns captured simultaneously with thermal measurements allow us to identify the intermetallic phases present and reconstruct the phase transformation sequence as a function of time and temperature. The results show a mostly unaltered phase transformation sequence compared to lower heating rates.

Nanoparticle model systems on planar supports form a versatile platform for studying morphological and compositional changes of catalysts due to exposure to realistic reaction conditions. We review examples from our work on iron and cobalt catalysts, which can undergo significant rearrangement in the reactive environment of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The use of specially designed, silicon based supports with thin film SiO{sub 2} enables the application of transmissionelectron microscopy, which has furnished important insight into e.g. the mechanisms of catalyst regeneration.

sources function by heating a material until it starts to emit electrons (by increasing the energy of free electrons to above the Fermi surface of the material) and field-emission sources function by applying an electric field strong enough that electrons... obtained from studying E. coli, C. necator, and S. Typhimurium (Chapter 8) have been accepted for publication in Scanning, titled “The application of STEM and in-situ controlled dehydration to bac- terial systems using ESEM”. i Acknowledgements This project...

We present a plane-wave basis set implementation of charge constrained density functional molecular dynamics (CDFT-MD) for simulation of electrontransfer reactions in condensed phase systems. Following the earlier work of Wu and Van Voorhis [Phys. Rev. A 72, 024502 (2005)], the density functional is minimized under the constraint that the charge difference between donor and acceptor is equal to a given value. The classical ion dynamics is propagated on the Born-Oppenheimer surface of the charge constrained state. We investigate the dependence of the constrained energy and of the energy gap on the definition of the charge and present expressions for the constraint forces. The method is applied to the Ru{sup 2+}-Ru{sup 3+} electron self-exchange reaction in aqueous solution. Sampling the vertical energy gap along CDFT-MD trajectories and correcting for finite size effects, a reorganization free energy of 1.6 eV is obtained. This is 0.1-0.2 eV lower than a previous estimate based on a continuum model for solvation. The smaller value for the reorganization free energy can be explained by the fact that the Ru-O distances of the divalent and trivalent Ru hexahydrates are predicted to be more similar in the electrontransfer complex than for the separated aqua ions.

Managing heat transport at nanoscale is an important and challenging task for nanodevice applications and nanostructure engineering. Herein, through in-situ engineering nanowire (NW)-electrode contacts with electron beam induced carbon deposition in a transmissionelectron microscope, Joule heat dissipation along individual suspended Indium Arsenide NWs is well managed to obtain pre-designed temperature profiles along NWs. The temperature profiles are experimentally determined by the breakdown site of NWs under Joule heating and breakdown temperature measurement. A model with NW-electrode contacts being well considered is proposed to describe heat transport along a NW. By fitting temperature profiles with the model, thermal conductance at NW-electrode contacts is obtained. It is found that, the temperature profile along a specific NW is mainly governed by the relative thermal conductance at the two NW-electrode contacts, which is engineered in experiments.

One of the mechanisms by which ionizing radiation damages DNA involves attachment of solvated electrons to the DNA bases. ... Base modification occurs both enzymatically and through various types of enviromental insults. ... Since naturally occuring DNA is likely to have some fraction of modified bases, it would be useful to understand how these modifications affect electrontransfer processes. ...

electronic and optoelectronic devices.1-3 ZnO is a promising material for UV optoelectronics due to its of the results have been widely reproduced or resulted in stable optoelectronic devices. p-type ZnO NWs have also

The continuing goal is to convert the rapidly accumulating mechanistic information about electrontransfer (et) kinetics (often representable in terms of simple rate constants) into precise tools for fine-tuned control of the kinetics and for design of molecular-based systems which meet specified et characteristics. The present treatment will be limited to the kinetic framework defined by the assumption of transition state theory (TST). The primary objective of this paper is to report recent advances in the theoretical formulation, calculation, and analysis of energetics and electronic coupling pertinent to et in complex molecular aggregates. The control of et kinetics (i.e., enhancing desired processes, while inhibiting others) involves, of course, both system energetics (especially reorganization energies (E{sub r}) and free energy changes ({Delta}G{sup 0})) and electronic coupling of local D and A sites, which for thermal processes is most directly relevant only after the system has reached the appropriate point (or region) along the reaction coordinate (i.e., the transition state). The authors first discuss TST rate constant models, emphasizing genetic features, but also noting some special features arising when metal electrodes are involved. They then turn to a consideration of detailed aspects of medium reorganization and donor/acceptor coupling. With these theoretical tools in hand, they examine the results of recent applications to complex molecular systems using the techniques of computational quantum chemistry and electrostatics, together with detailed analysis of the numerical results and comparison with recent electrochemical kinetic data.

Knowledge of the neutrino mass is of particular interest in modern neutrino physics. Besides the neutrinoless double beta decay and cosmological observation information about the neutrino mass is obtained from single beta decay by observing the shape of the electron spectrum near the endpoint. The KATRIN ? decay experiment aims to push the limit on the effective electron antineutrino mass down to 0.2 eV/c{sup 2}. To reach this sensitivity several systematic effects have to be under control. One of them is the fluctuations of the absolute energy scale, which therefore has to be continuously monitored at very high precision. This paper shortly describes KATRIN, the technique for continuous monitoring of the absolute energy scale and recent improvements in analysis of the monitoring data.

In inverse melting, a supersaturated crystalline phase transforms polymorphously under heat treatment to the amorphous state. Inverse melting of body-centered cubic (bcc) Nb{sub 45}Cr{sub 55} is studied using transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution TEM (HRTEM). The crystalline to amorphous transformation is heterogeneous, initiating at the bcc grain boundaries. HRTEM reveals 2-3 nm domains with medium range order (MRO) in the amorphous phase. Preferred orientation of MRO domains is found on a scale corresponding to the precursor bcc grain size. Using HRTEM and calorimetry, MRO development in cosputtered Nb{sub 45}Cr{sub 55} films is characterized and compared to that in the amorphous phase produced by inverse melting. {copyright} {ital 1997 Materials Research Society.}

Microstructure characterization is important for controlling the quality of laser cladding. In the present work, a detailed microstructure characterization by transmissionelectron microscopy was carried out on the iron-based alloy laser-clad on Al-Si alloy and an unambiguous identification of phases in the coating was accomplished. It was found that there is austenite, Cr{sub 7}C{sub 3} and Cr{sub 23}C{sub 6} in the clad region; {alpha}-Al, NiAl{sub 3}, Fe{sub 2}Al{sub 5} and FeAl{sub 2} in the interface region; and {alpha}-Al and silicon in the heat-affected region. A brief discussion was given for their existence based on both kinetic and thermodynamic principles.

We theoretically study the ultrafast transfer of a single electron between the ground states of a coupled double quantum dot (QD) structure driven by a nonlinear chirped few-cycle laser pulse. A time-dependent Schrödinger equation without the rotating wave approximation is solved numerically. We demonstrate numerically the possibility to have a complete transfer of a single electron by choosing appropriate values of chirped rate parameters and the intensity of the pulse. Even in the presence of the spontaneous emission and dephasing processes of the QD system, high-efficiency coherent transfer of a single electron can be obtained in a wide range of the pulse parameters. Our results illustrate the potential to utilize few-cycle pulses for the excitation in coupled quantum dot systems through the nonlinear chirp parameter control, as well as a guidance in the design of experimental implementation.

PHYSICAL REVIEW A VOLUME 36, NUMBER 9 NOVEMBER 1, 1987 Electron-transfer collisions of low-energy multicharged nitrogen ions with H2 and N2 Hua-Ying Wang and D. A. Church Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843... collision provides a direct and valuable test of a recent calculation 36 4261 1987 The American Physical Society 4262 HUA-YING WANG AND P. A. CHURCH 36 by Gargaud and Mccarroll, ' and the other measure- ments provide insight into the electrontransfer...

This progress report is for the sixth year of a grant from the US Department of Energy for the design, development, and fabrication of ECRH transmission and mode conversion systems to transport microwave power from a gyrotron to a magnetically confined plasma. The design and low-power testing of new and improved components for such systems and development of underlying theory is the focus of this project. Devising and improving component testing and diagnostic techniques is also an important part of this effort. The development of possible designs for sections of gyrotrons themselves, such as tapers or Vlasov-type launchers, in support of the Varian gyrotron development program is also considered when appropriate. We also provide support to other groups working on ECR heating of magnetically confined plasmas such as the groups at General Atomics, the University of Texas at Austin, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. During the last year, we designed and had fabricated a two-dimensional Vlasov antenna system for a 110 GHz TE{sub 15,2} mode gyrotron for possible use at General Atomics. The system included the launcher section, a visor, main reflector, and focusing reflector. Programs to generate the tool-path profiles to cut the General Atomics'' Vlasov components on a milling machine were developed. We have also developed state-of-the art theory and programs for three-dimensional whispering-gallery-mode Vlasov antenna systems. A design for a 110 GHz TE{sub 01}-TE{sub 15,2} mode converter system for cold testing WGM Vlasov antenna systems was developed and is currently being fabricated also.

One of the goals in the development of new battery technologies is to find new electrolytes with increased electrochemical stability. In-situ (scanning) transmissionelectron microscopy ((S)TEM) using an electrochemical fluid cell provides the ability to rapidly and directly characterize electrode/electrolyte interfacial reactions under battery relevant electrochemical conditions. Furthermore, as the electron beam itself causes a localized electrochemical reaction when it interacts with the electrolyte, the breakdown products that occur during the first stages of battery operation can potentially be simulated and characterized using a straightforward in-situ liquid stage (without electrochemical biasing capabilities). In this paper, we have studied the breakdown of a range of inorganic/salt complexes that are used in state-of-the-art Li-ion battery systems. The results of the in-situ (S)TEM experiments matches with previous stability tests performed during battery operation and the breakdown products and mechanisms are also consistent with known mechanisms. This analysis indicates that in-situ liquid stage (S)TEM observations can be used to directly test new electrolyte designs and provide structural insights into the origin of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation mechanism.

Abstract Electronic connection between Qo and Qi quinone catalytic sites of dimeric cytochrome bc1 is a central feature of the energy-conserving Q cycle. While both the intra- and inter-monomer electrontransfers were shown to connect the sites in the enzyme, mechanistic and physiological significance of the latter remains unclear. Here, using a series of mutated hybrid cytochrome bc1-like complexes, we show that inter-monomer electrontransfer robustly sustains the function of the enzyme in vivo, even when the two subunits in a dimer come from different species. This indicates that minimal requirement for bioenergetic efficiency is to provide a chain of cofactors for uncompromised electron flux between the catalytic sites, while the details of protein scaffold are secondary.

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Controlling metallic nanoparticle (NP) interactions plays a vital role in the development of new joining techniques (nanosolder) that bond at lower processing temperatures but remain viable at higher temperatures. The pr imary objective of this project is t o develop a fundamental understanding of the actual reaction processes, associated atomic mechanisms, and the resulting microstructure that occur during thermally - driven bond formation concerning metal - metal nano - scale (<50nm) interfaces. In this LDRD pr oject, we have studied metallic NPs interaction at the elevated temperatures by combining in - situ transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM ) using an aberration - corrected scanning transmissionelectron microscope (AC - STEM) and atomic - scale modeling such as m olecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Various metallic NPs such as Ag, Cu and Au are synthesized by chemical routines. Numerous in - situ e xperiments were carried out with focus of the research on study of Ag - Cu system. For the first time, using in - situ STEM he ating experiments , we directly observed t he formation of a 3 - dimensional (3 - D) epitaxial Cu - Ag core - shell nanoparticle during the thermal interaction of Cu and Ag NPs at elevated temperatures (150 - 300 o C). The reaction takes place at temperatures as low as 150 o C and was only observed when care was taken to circumvent the effects of electron beam irradiation during STEM imaging. Atomic - scale modeling verified that the Cu - Ag core - shell structure is energetically favored, and indicated that this phenomenon is a nano - scale effect related to the large surface - to - volume ratio of the NPs. The observation potentially can be used for developing new nanosolder technology that uses Ag shell as the %22glue%22 that stic ks the particles of Cu together. The LDRD has led to several journal publications and numerous conference presentations, and a TA. In addition, we have developed new TEM characterization techniques and phase - field modeling tools that can be used for future materials research at Sandia. Acknowledgeme nts This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi - program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidia ry of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE - AC04 - 94AL85000.

Tantalum alloys have been used by the U.S. Department of Energy as structural alloys for radioisotope based thermal to electrical power systems since the 1960s. Tantalum alloys are attractive for high temperature structural applications due to their high melting point, excellent formability, good thermal conductivity, good ductility (even at low temperatures), corrosion resistance, and weldability. Tantalum alloys have demonstrated sufficient high-temperature toughness to survive prolonged exposure to the radioisotope power-system working environment. Typically, the fabrication of power systems requires the welding of various components including the structural members made of tantalum alloys. Issues such as thermodynamics, lattice structure, weld pool dynamics, material purity and contamination, and welding atmosphere purity all potentially confound the understanding of the differences between the weldment properties of the different tantalum-based alloys. The objective of this paper is to outline the thermodynamically favorable material phases in tantalum alloys, with and without small amounts of hafnium, during and following solidification, based on the results derived from the FactSage(c) Integrated Thermodynamic Databank. In addition, Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM) data will show for the first time, the changes occurring in the HfC before and after welding, and the data will elucidate the role HfC plays in pinning grain boundaries.

[60]Fullerene is irradiated in the presence of the electrontransfer sensitizer 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) under cosensitization with biphenyl. The generated radical cation C60•+ reacts with H-donors such as tert-butylmethyl ether, propionaldehyde and alcohols to give 1:1-adducts, the 1-substituted 1,2-dihydro[60]fullerenes.

with the alkyl carbon. Substitution by oxygen, SUB(O), occurs by way of a separate SN2 transition Wayne State of the ElectronTransfer and Substitution Mechanisms in Reactions of Ketyl Radical Anions with Alkyl Halides: Molecular dynamics has been used to investigate the reaction of a series of ketyl anion radicals and alkyl

is the driving force for development of high power devices. Utility applications like FACTS and HVDC require cost and compared for SiC and Si devices. These loss models are integrated with an HVDC transmission system to study of the systems. High Voltage DC (HVDC) transmission and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) are the widely

Surface plasmon resonance was utilized to enhance the electrontransfer at silver/solution interfaces. Photoelectrochemical reductions of nitrite, nitrate, and CO{sub 2} were studied on electrochemically roughened silver electrode surfaces. The dependence of the photocurrent on photon energy, applied potential and concentration of nitrite demonstrates that the photoelectrochemical reduction proceeds via photoemission process followed by the capture of hydrated electrons. The excitation of plasmon resonances in nanosized metal structures resulted in the enhancement of the photoemission process. In the case of photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO{sub 2}, large photoelectrocatalytic effect for the reduction of CO{sub 2} was observed in the presence of surface adsorbed methylviologen, which functions as a mediator for the photoexcited electrontransfer from silver metal to CO{sub 2} in solution. Photoinduced reduction of microperoxidase-11 adsorbed on roughened silver electrode was also observed and attributed to the direct photoejection of free electrons of silver metal. Surface plasmon assisted electrontransfer at nanostructured silver particle surfaces was further determined by EPR method.

Based on the evaluation of lattice parameter maps in aberration corrected high resolution transmissionelectron microscopy images, we propose a simple method that allows quantifying the composition and disorder of a semiconductor alloy at the unit cell scale with high accuracy. This is realized by considering, next to the out-of-plane, also the in-plane lattice parameter component allowing to separate the chemical composition from the strain field. Considering only the out-of-plane lattice parameter component not only yields large deviations from the true local alloy content but also carries the risk of identifying false ordering phenomena like formations of chains or platelets. Our method is demonstrated on image simulations of relaxed supercells, as well as on experimental images of an In{sub 0.20}Ga{sub 0.80}N quantum well. Principally, our approach is applicable to all epitaxially strained compounds in the form of quantum wells, free standing islands, quantum dots, or wires.

We have developed an improved, windowed type environmental-cell (E-cell) transmissionelectron microscope (TEM) for in situ observation of gas-solid interactions, such as catalytic reactions at atmospheric pressure. Our E-cell TEM includes a compact E-cell specimen holder with mechanical stability, resulting in smoother introduction of the desired gases compared with previous E-cell TEMs. In addition, the gas control unit was simplified by omitting the pressure control function of the TEM pre-evacuation chamber. This simplification was due to the successful development of remarkably tough thin carbon films as the window material. These films, with a thickness of <10 nm, were found to withstand pressure differences >2 atm. Appropriate arrangement of the specimen position inside the E-cell provided quantitatively analyzable TEM images, with no disturbances caused by the windowed films. As an application, we used this E-cell TEM to observe the dynamic shape change in a catalytic gold nanoparticle supported on TiO{sub 2} during the oxidation of CO gas.

The atomic-resolved reversal of the polarity across an antiphase boundary (APB) was observed in GaSb films grown on Si by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmissionelectron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The investigation of the interface structure at the origin of the APB reveals that coalescence of two domains with Ga-prelayer and Sb-prelayer causes the sublattice reversal. The local strain and lattice rotation distributions of the APB, attributed to the discordant bonding length at the APB with the surrounding GaSb lattice, were further studied using the geometric phase analysis technique. The crystallographic characteristics of the APBs and their interaction with other planar defects were observed with HAADF-STEM. The quantitative agreement between experimental and simulated images confirms the observed polarities in the acquired HAADF-STEM data. The self-annihilation mechanism of the APBs is addressed based on the rotation induced by anti-site bonds and APBs' faceting.

Absolute grand total cross sections (TCSs) for electron-disilane (Si2H6) scattering have been measured over the energy range from 1 to 370 eV in a linear transmission experiment. The low-energy TCS is dominated by a broad resonant-like enhancement. In the region of the maximum the present grand TCS values appeared to be distinctly lower than previously reported integral elastic cross section data. A comparison of total electron scattering cross sections for the two simplest silicon hydrides and relevant hydrocarbons is given.

The joint x-ray/neutron diffraction model of the Type I copper protein, amicyanin from Paracoccus denitrificans was determined at 1.8 {angstrom} resolution. The protein was crystallized using reagents prepared in D{sub 2}O. About 86% of the amide hydrogen atoms are either partially or fully exchanged, which correlates well with the atomic depth of the amide nitrogen atom and the secondary structure type, but with notable exceptions. Each of the four residues that provide copper ligands is partially deuterated. The model reveals the dynamic nature of the protein, especially around the copper-binding site. A detailed analysis of the presence of deuterated water molecules near the exchange sites indicates that amide hydrogen exchange is primarily due to the flexibility of the protein. Analysis of the electrontransfer path through the protein shows that residues in that region are highly dynamic, as judged by hydrogen/deuterium exchange. This could increase the rate of electrontransfer by transiently shortening through-space jumps in pathways or by increasing the atomic packing density. Analysis of C-H{hor_ellipsis}X bonding reveals previously undefined roles of these relatively weak H bonds, which, when present in sufficient number can collectively influence the structure, redox, and electrontransfer properties of amicyanin.

Polymer solar cells are of great interest as candidates for...61...-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT and PCBM, respectively). Phase segregation of the blend has been extensively investigated by transmission electr...

This article intends to set forth the necessity for reform in the United States policy and procedures regarding approval of power transfers between the United States and Mexico. In order to do this, the article will review the history of electrical power transfers between the United States and Mexico (Part II), analyze recent regulatory changes in the United States and Mexico which may result in increased power exports to Mexico (Part III), evaluate the extent to which the present permit and authorization system in the United States considers the increased environmental burden of such power transfers (Part IV), and, where appropriate, propose some procedural and policy reforms that could take into account the environmental burdens generated by the production of power destined for transfer across the United States-Mexico border (Part V).

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Arg249 in the large (?) subunit of human electrontransfer flavoprotein (ETF) heterodimer is absolutely conserved throughout the ETF superfamily. The guanidinium group of ?Arg249 is within van der Waals contact distance and lies perpendicular to the xylene subnucleus of the flavin ring, near the region proposed to be involved in electrontransfer with medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The backbone amide hydrogen of ?Arg249 is within hydrogen bonding distance of the carbonyl oxygen at the flavin C(2). ?Arg249 may modulate the potentials of the two flavin redox couples by hydrogen bonding the carbonyl oxygen at C(2) and by providing delocalized positive charge to neutralize the anionic semiquinone and anionic hydroquinone of the flavin. The potentials of the oxidized/semiquinone and semiquinone/hydroquinone couples decrease in an ?R249K mutant ETF generated by site directed mutagenesis and expression in Escherichia coli, without major alterations of the flavin environment as judged by spectral criteria. The steady state turnover of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase decrease greater than 90% as a result of the ?R249Ks mutation. In contrast, the steady state turnover of short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase was decreased about 38% when ?R249K ETF was the electron acceptor. Stopped flow absorbance measurements of the oxidation of reduced medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase/octenoyl-CoA product complex by wild type human ETF at 3°C are biphasic (t1/2=12 ms and 122 ms). The rate of oxidation of this reduced binary complex of the dehydrogenase by the ?R249K mutant ETF is extremely slow and could not be reasonably estimated. ?Asp253 is proposed to function with ?Arg249 in the electrontransfer pathway from medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase to ETF. The steady state kinetic constants of the dehydrogenase were not altered when ETF containing an ?D253A mutant was the substrate. However, t1/2 of the rapid phase of oxidation of the reduced medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase/octenoyl-CoA charge transfer complex almost doubled. ?Tyr16 lies on a loop near the C(8) methyl group, and is also near the proposed site for interflavin electrontransfer with medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. The tyrosine residue makes van der Waals contact with the C(8) methyl group of the flavin in human ETF and Paracoccus denitrificans ETF (as ?Tyr13) and lies at a 30°C angle with the plane of the flavin. Human ?Tyr16 was substituted with leucine and alanine residues to investigate the role of this residue in the modulation of the flavin redox potentials and in electrontransfer to ETF. In ?Y16L ETF, the potentials of the flavin were slightly reduced, and steady state kinetic constants were modestly altered. Substitution of an alanine residue for ?Tyr16 yields an ETF with potentials very similar to the wild type but with steady state kinetic properties similar to ?Y16L ETF. It is unlikely that the ? methyl group of the alanine residue interacts with the flavin C(8) methyl. Neither substitution of ?Tyr16 had a large effect on the fast phase of ETF reduction by medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.

Charge separation at donor-acceptor interfaces is a complex process that can be strongly limited by the combined action of phonon-induced relaxation and Coulomb potential binding for an electron/hole pair. We propose a fully quantum microscopic approach to this problem, and show that molecular vibrations modulate the trapping probability in a non-monotonous fashion as a function of injection energy, due to polaron formation. This mechanism should control sensitively the efficiency of energy transfer in photovoltaic organic molecules, and bridge the gap between several current conflicting theories.

Abstract We speculate about the existence of a “square-root Tafel dependence” for simple one stage anodic/cathodic electrontransfer reactions in ionic liquids. In this dependence, the logarithm of the current depends linearly on the square-root of electrode potential. The modified law is a consequence of ion crowding in the electrical double layer at high charges of the electrode. It may be expected that this effect may be observed for slow reactions at large electrode polarisations, yet not triggering electrochemical decomposition of ionic liquids, and only if diffusion limitations on the transport of reactants are absent.

, and reorganization energy . reflects the nuclear rearrangement of the redox partners and their environment associated breaking. We discuss that low- G, low- reactions are common for efficiently channeling electrons through is characterized by a hypersurface that relates the potential energy of the electronic state to the nuclear coordi

Spin torque and heating effects in current-induced domain wall motion probed by transmission- ternative to the use of conventional external magnetic fields, therefore opening up a route for simple device fabrication, where no field-generating strip lines are necessary. While current-induced domain

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) are cylindrical sheets of graphene whose electronic structures and diameters are determined by their chiralities. Current synthetic methods produce batches of nanotubes containing a ...

and plastocyanin in the oxygen evolving apparatus. The cyt b/f complex includes four electron carriers. Cyt f separations occurring at the level of reaction centers [4]. Phase a is followed by a slower phase (phase b

† Center for Advanced Solar Photophysics, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States ... Once the temperature reaches 220 °C, a syringe pump is used to slowly (?12 mL/h) inject 6 mmol of trioctylphosphine selenide (3 mL of a 2 M solution) into the flask as it heats up to 230 °C where the temperature is maintained for 30 min. ... The anal. of the wavelength and time dependence of the nonlinear transmission over a wide pump-intensity range showed that this difference is due to an Auger-process-assisted trapping of holes at surface/interface-related states. ...

Bis(oligonucleotide) conjugates with synthetic linkers connecting short complementary oligonucleotides are known to form synthetic DNA or RNA hairpins which are, in some cases, more stable than natural hairpins which possess oligonucleotide linkers. The authors report here that conjugates possessing stilbenediether (SE) linkers form exceptionally stable (poly)dT-SE-(poly)dA hairpins. The crystal structure of a Se-bridged hairpin confirms that it adopts a B-form structure in which the stilbene is {pi}-stacked with the adjacent base pair. The stilbenediether also mediates novel lattice interactions that are distinct from those normally found in DNA crystals. The singlet excited state of the stilbenediether is a strong electron donor which is rapidly quenched by either neighboring dT-dA or dC-dG base pairs which function as electron acceptors. This behavior is complementary to that of conjugates possessing a stilbenedicarboxamide linker (SA, Chart 1), which serves as an electron acceptor.

...2010 ) Nature of the energy landscape for gated electron...2009 ) TALOS+: A hybrid method for predicting...Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI)] and by national...2009) TALOS+: A hybrid method for predicting...Rosato A (2011) A Grid-enabled web portal...

to the more costly traditional solar cell.1-5 It employs organic or transition-metal- based chromophores that forms the basis of the GraÂ¨tzel type solar cell. The experimental data and electronic structure The dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell, also known as the GraÂ¨tzel cell, is a promising alternative

from an oligomer (rail) to the center of a terminal tetrazine (rung), with the remaining hole being-pyridyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, DPT). The studies employed absorption, fluorescence, transient absorption-linked porphyrin trimers (rails) and tetrazine species (rungs) are the electron donors and acceptors, respectively

This study considers electronic transitions within donor-acceptor complexes dissolved in media with macroscopic polarization. The change of the polarizability of the donor-acceptor complex in the course of electronic transition couples to the reaction field of the polar environment and the electric field created by the macroscopic polarization. An analytical theory developed to describe this situation predicts a significant asymmetry of the reorganization energy between charge separation and charge recombination transitions. This result is proved by Monte Carlo simulations of a model polarizable diatomic dissolved in a ferroelectric fluid of soft dipolar spheres. The ratio of the reorganization energies for the forward and backward reactions up to a factor of 25 is obtained in the simulations. This result, as well as the effect of the macroscopic electric field, is discussed in application to the design of efficient photosynthetic devices.

Au-Cu bimetallic alloy clusters are produced in a laser vaporization source starting from Au-Cu alloy targets with different stoichiometric compositions. The clusters are deposited on two different substrates—amorphous carbon and crystalline MgO—and are characterized by electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. The experiments show that the overall chemical composition in the clusters is the same as the chemical composition of the target material; but the crystal structure of the Au-Cu alloy clusters differs from their known bulk crystal structure. Electron microscopy experiments provide evidence that no chemical ordering exists between Au and Cu atoms and that the clusters are solid solutions. Monte Carlo simulations using the second moment tight-binding approximation, however, predict Cu3Au clusters ordered in the core but with a disordered mantle. The possible origins of the differences between experiment and Monte Carlo simulations are discussed.

The outer-sphere electron-transfer reactions between diastereomers of Ru(menbyp){sub 3}{sup {sm_bullet}+} (menbpy = 4,4{prime}-di{l_brace}(1R,2S,5R)-({minus})-menthoxycarbonyl{r_brace}-2,2{prime}-bipyridine) and enantiomers of Co(acac){sub 3} and Co(edta){sup {minus}} have been studied by pulse radiolysis. {Delta}-Ru(menbpy){sub 3}{sup {sm_bullet}+} rapidly reduces Co(acac){sub 3} in 85% EtOH/H{sub 2}O (1 mM NaH{sub 2}PO{sub 4}) with second-order rate constants of (2.1 {+-} 0.1) {times} 10{sup 7} and (7.8 {+-} 0.2) {times} 10{sup 6}/M s for the {Delta}- and {Gamma}-Co(acac){sub 3} enantiomers, respectively, and an enantioselectivity factor (EF) of 2.7. {Gamma}-Ru(menbyp){sub 3}{sup {sm_bullet}+} preferentially reduces {Gamma}-Co(acac){sub 3} with an enantioselectivity factor (EF) of 0.8. Activation volume data ({Delta}V{sup {double_dagger}}) suggest that the association between the {Delta}{single_bond}{Delta} isomers in the encounter complex allows closer interaction of the metal centers than between the other isomer combinations. The value of (EF) for the reaction of {Delta}- and {Gamma}-co(edta){sup {minus}} with {Delta}-Ru(menbpy){sub 3}{sup {sm_bullet}+} is 1.2. Electron-transfer reactions of seven racemic Ru(L){sub 3}{sup {sm_bullet}+} (L = substituted phenanthroline) complexes with Co(acac){sub 3} were also studied and gave rate constants of {approx}1.5 {times} 10{sup 9}/M s. The quenching of photoexcited {sup *}Ru(menbpy){sub 3}{sup 2+} by Co(acac){sub 3} and Co(edta){sup {minus}} exhibits small stereoselectivity: For Co(acac){sub 3} in 95 and 85% EtOH/H{sub 2}O the enantioselectivity factor is 1.2 and 1.1, respectively, barely outside the experimental error. For all other cases the selectivity was unity within the experimental error of the measurement. The quenching rate constants were {approx}1 {times} 10{sup 8} and 1.1 {times} 10{sup 9}/M s for Co(acac){sub 3} and Co(edta){sup {minus}}, respectively. Quenching reactions of seven racemic ruthenium(II) phenanthroline complexes with Co(acac){sub 3} were also studied and found to be faster than those of Ru(menbpy){sub 3}{sup 2+} by only a factor of {approx}3 despite an increase in the driving force of {approx}0.5 eV for electron-transfer quenching. The quenching of {sup *}Ru(menbpy){sub 3}{sup 2+} by Co(acac){sub 3} is dominated by an energy-transfer mechanism. This conclusion is supported by the magnitude of the quenching rate constants compared with the rate constants for reduction by Ru(menbpy){sub 3}{sup {sm_bullet}+}, the effect of driving-force changes on the quenching rate constant, the low quantum yield of Co(II) products observed in the CW photolysis, and the lack of long-lived products observed in the flash photolysis experiments. The factors responsible for the selectivity exhibited in the CW photolysis studies of Ru(menbpy){sub 3}{sup 2+} with Co(acac){sub 3} are discussed.

We report on defect densities, performance, and stability of organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells produced using n-doped inorganic amorphous silicon-carbide layers as the electron transport layer (ETL). The organic material was poly-3-hexyl-thiophene (P3HT) and heterojunction was formed using phenyl-C{sub 71}-Butyric-Acid-Methyl Ester (PCBM). For comparison, inverted solar cells fabricated using Cs{sub 2}CO{sub 3} as ETL were fabricated. Defect densities and subgap quantum efficiency curves were found to be nearly identical for both types of cells. The cells were subjected to 2xsun illumination and it was found that the cells produced using doped a-Si as ETL were much more stable than the cells produced using Cs{sub 2}CO{sub 3}.

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Understanding materials degradation under intense irradiation is important for the development of next generation nuclear power plants. Here we demonstrate that defect microstructural evolution in molybdenum nanofoils in situ irradiated and observed on a transmissionelectron microscope can be reproduced with high fidelity using an object kinetic Monte Carlo (OKMC) simulation technique. Main characteristics of defect evolution predicted by OKMC, namely, defect density and size distribution as functions of foil thickness, ion fluence and flux, are in excellent agreement with those obtained from the in situ experiments and from previous continuum-based cluster dynamics modeling. The combination of advanced in situ experiments and high performance computer simulation/modeling is a unique tool to validate physical assumptions/mechanisms regarding materials response to irradiation, and to achieve the predictive power for materials stability and safety in nuclear facilities.

Nano-scale multilayered Al-TiN composites were deposited with DC magnetron sputtering technique in two different layer thickness ratios - Al:TiN = 1:1 and Al:TiN = 9:1. The Al layer thickness varied from 2 nm to 450 nm. The hardness of the samples was tested by nanoindentation using a Berkovich tip. Cross-sectional TransmissionElectron Microscopy (TEM) was carried out on samples extracted with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) from below the nanoindents. This paper presents the results of the hardness tests in the Al-TiN multilayers with the two different thickness ratios and the observations from the cross-sectional TEM studies of the regions underneath the indents. These studies showed remarkable strength in the multilayers, as well as some very interesting deformation behavior in the TiN layers at extremely small length scales, where the hard TiN layers undergo co-deformation with the Al layers.

A typical example of electrontransfer (ET) mediated by a midway molecule is the initial ET in bacterial photosynthesis from the excited special pair (P?) to the bacteriopheophytin (BPh) mediated by the accessory chlorophyll monomer (BChl) stationed in between. It has been argued intensively whether this ET is sequential (where the state ?m? of P+?BChl??BPh exists as a real chemical intermediate) or superexchange (where it is passed as a quantum-mechanical virtual state). This ET is isomorphic to second-order optical processes (SOOP) where the initial state composed of an incoming photon and a matter is connected to the final state composed of an outgoing photon and a matter with phonons left excited through an intermediate state composed of a matter electronically excited without a photon. SOOP is a single process reducing to Raman scattering or an absorption-luminescence sequence in mutually opposite limits. Correspondingly this ET is also a single process, not composed of two coexisting parallel channels by superexchange and sequential ETs. It reduces to them only in mutually opposite limits determined by competition between the lifetime of an electron and the reorganization time of the medium at ?m?. The rate constant of this ET can be formulated by extending the formulation for SOOP. It can describe satisfactorily the initial ET in photosynthesis observed. We can predict, moreover, that superexchange ET should begin to manifest itself in a low-temperature region when ?m? is raised by several hundred cm?1 from its native position, with its validity range extending toward higher temperatures as ?m? is raised further.

We discuss the recently proposed LDA' + DMFT approach providing a consistent parameter-free treatment of the so-called double counting problem arising within the LDA + DMFT hybrid computational method for realistic strongly correlated materials. In this approach, the local exchange-correlation portion of the electron-electron interaction is excluded from self-consistent LDA calculations for strongly correlated electronic shells, e.g., d-states of transition metal compounds. Then, the corresponding double-counting term in the LDA' + DMFT Hamiltonian is consistently set in the local Hartree (fully localized limit, FLL) form of the Hubbard model interaction term. We present the results of extensive LDA' + DMFT calculations of densities of states, spectral densities, and optical conductivity for most typical representatives of two wide classes of strongly correlated systems in the paramagnetic phase: charge transfer insulators (MnO, CoO, and NiO) and strongly correlated metals (SrVO{sub 3} and Sr{sub 2}RuO{sub 4}). It is shown that for NiO and CoO systems, the LDA' + DMFT approach qualitatively improves the conventional LDA + DMFT results with the FLL type of double counting, where CoO and NiO were obtained to be metals. Our calculations also include transition-metal 4s-states located near the Fermi level, missed in previous LDA + DMFT studies of these monoxides. General agreement with optical and the X-ray experiments is obtained. For strongly correlated metals, the LDA' + DMFT results agree well with the earlier LDA + DMFT calculations and existing experiments. However, in general, LDA' + DMFT results give better quantitative agreement with experimental data for band gap sizes and oxygen-state positions compared to the conventional LDA + DMFT method.

Electrontransfer (ET) mediated by a midway molecule should be described as a process new in itself, not in terms of direct ET between two molecules as a two-step sequential or a unistep superexchange mechanism. They describe only mutually opposite limits (not working in parallel as often assumed) that the reorganization time of phonons at the midway state is respectively much shorter or longer than the lifetime of an electron therein, when this state has energies comparable to the donor and acceptor states. We can obtain the rate constant of the ET by perturbational expansion in electronic coupling.

The development of efficient theoretical methods for describing electrontransfer (ET) reactions in condensed phases is important for a variety of chemical and biological applications. Previously, dynamical dielectric continuum theory was used to derive Langevin equations for a single collective solvent coordinate describing ET in a polar solvent. In this theory, the parameters are directly related to the physical properties of the system and can be determined from experimental data or explicit molecular dynamics simulations. Herein, we combine these Langevin equations with surface hopping nonadiabatic dynamics methods to calculate the rate constants for thermal ET reactions in polar solvents for a wide range of electronic couplings and reaction free energies. Comparison of explicit and implicit solvent calculations illustrates that the mapping from explicit to implicit solvent models is valid even for solvents exhibiting complex relaxation behavior with multiple relaxation time scales and a short-time inertial response. The rate constants calculated for implicit solvent models with a single solvent relaxation time scale corresponding to water, acetonitrile, and methanol agree well with analytical theories in the Golden rule and solvent-controlled regimes, as well as in the intermediate regime. The implicit solvent models with two relaxation time scales are in qualitative agreement with the analytical theories but quantitatively overestimate the rate constants compared to these theories. Analysis of these simulations elucidates the importance of multiple relaxation time scales and the inertial component of the solvent response, as well as potential shortcomings of the analytical theories based on single time scale solvent relaxation models. This implicit solvent approach will enable the simulation of a wide range of ET reactions via the stochastic dynamics of a single collective solvent coordinate with parameters that are relevant to experimentally accessible systems.

The principal structural defects in graphene multilayers synthesized on the carbon-terminated face of a 4H-SiC (0001{sup ¯}) substrate were investigated using the high-resolution transmissionelectron microscopy. The analyzed systems include a wide variety of defected structures such as edge dislocations, rotational multilayers, and grain boundaries. It was shown that graphene layers are composed of grains of the size of several nanometres or larger; they differ in a relative rotation by large angles, close to 30°. The structure of graphene multilayers results from the synthesis on a SiC (0001{sup ¯}) surface, which proceeds via intensive nucleation of new graphene layers that coalesce under various angles creating an immense orientational disorder. Structural defects are associated with a built-in strain resulting from a lattice mismatch between the SiC substrate and the graphene layers. The density functional theory data show that the high-angular disorder of AB stacked bi-layers is not restoring the hexagonal symmetry of the lattice.

Using a theory of electrontransfers which takes cognizance of reorganization of the medium outside the inner coordination shell and of changes of bond lengths inside it, relations between electrochemical and related chemical rate constants are deduced and compared with the experimental data. A correlation is found, without the use of arbitrary parameters. Effects of weak complexes with added electrolytes are included under specified conditions. The deductions offer a way of coordinating a variety of data in the two fields, internally as well as with each those in another. For example, the rate of oxidation or reduction of a series of related reactants by one reagent is correlated with that of another and with that of the corresponding electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction, under certain specified conditions. These correlations may also provide a test for distinguishing an electron from an atom transfer mechanism. (auth)

Electrontransfer at the contact between an Al electrode and Au nanoparticles of polymer:nanoparticle devices is studied by ac impedance spectroscopy. The devices have a polystyrene layer embedded with Au nanoparticles capped with conjugated 2-naphthalenethiol sandwiched between Al and MoO{sub 3}/Al electrodes, and they exhibit electrode-sensitive resistive switches. The devices in the pristine or high resistance state have high capacitance. The capacitance decreases after the devices switch to a low resistance state by a voltage scan. The change in the capacitance is attributed to the voltage-induced change on the electronic structure of the contact between the Al electrode and Au nanoparticles.

Ouyang, Jianyong, E-mail: mseoj@nus.edu.sg [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 (Singapore)] [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576 (Singapore)

The preceding paper describes a strategy for externally influencing the course of short-time electronic excitation transfer (EET) in molecular dimers and observing the process by nonlinear wave-packet interferometry (nl-WPI). Within a sample of isotropically oriented dimers having a specified internal geometry, a vibrational mode internal to the acceptor chromophore can be preferentially driven by electronically nonresonant impulsive stimulated Raman (or resonant infrared) excitation with a short polarized control pulse. A subsequent electronically resonant polarized pump then preferentially excites the donor, and EET ensues. Here we test both the control strategy and its spectroscopic investigation-with some sacrifice of amplitude-level detail-by calculating the pump-probe difference signal. That signal is the limiting case of the control-influenced nl-WPI signal in which the two pulses in the pump pulse-pair coincide, as do the two pulses in the probe pulse-pair. We present calculated pump-probe difference signals for (1) a model excitation-transfer complex in which two equal-energy monomers each support one moderately Franck-Condon active intramolecular vibration; (2) a simplified model of the covalent dimer dithia-anthracenophane, representing its EET dynamics following selective impulsive excitation of the weakly Franck-Condon active anthracene vibration at 385 cm-1; and (3) a model complex featuring moderate electronic-vibrational coupling in which the site energy of the acceptor chromophore is lower than that of the donor.

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Four different microchannel heat sinks are designed to study the effects of structures in microchannel heat sinks for electronic chips cooling. Based on the theoretic analysis and numerical computation of flow...

By using the Kubo linear response theory with the Keldysh Green function approach, we investigate the mechanism leading to the negative differential transmission in a system with the equilibrium electron density much smaller than the photon-excited one. It is shown that the negative differential transmission can appear at low probe-photon energy (in the order of the scattering rate) or at high energy (much larger than the scattering rate). For the low probe-photon energy case, the negative differential transmission is found to come from the increase of the intraband conductivity due to the large variation of electron distribution after the pumping. As for the high probe-photon energy case, the negative differential transmission is shown to tend to appear with the hot-electron temperature being closer to the equilibrium one and the chemical potential higher than the equilibrium one but considerably smaller than half of the probe-photon energy. We also show that this negative differential transmission can come from both the inter- and the intraband components of the conductivity. Especially, for the interband component, its contribution to the negative differential transmission is shown to come from both the Hartree-Fock self-energy and the scattering. Furthermore, the influence of the Coulomb-hole self-energy is also addressed.

By combining experimental and theoretical approaches, the electronic structure, molecular orientation, charge transfer dynamics and solar cell performance in donor/acceptor copolymer poly[2,7-(9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-dibenzosilole)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl) benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PSiF-DBT) films and blended with 6,6.-phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester (PSiF-DBT:PCBM) were investigated. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical PSiF-DBT UV-Vis absorption spectrum is observed and the main molecular orbitals contributing to the spectrum were determined using DFT single point calculations. Non-coplanar configuration was determined by geometric optimization calculation in isolated PSiF-DBT pentamer and corroborated by angular variation of the sulphur 1s near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra. Edge-on and plane-on molecular orientations were obtained for thiophene and benzothiadiazole units, respectively. A power conversion efficiency up to 1.58%, open circuit voltage of 0.51 V, short circuit current of 8.71 mA/cm{sup 2} and a fill factor of 35% was obtained using blended PSiF-DBT:PCBM as active layer in a bulk heterojunction solar cell. Ultrafast electron dynamics in the low-femtosecond regime was evaluated by resonant Auger spectroscopy using the core-hole clock methodology around sulphur 1s absorption edge. Electron delocalization times for PSiF-DBT and PSiF-DBT:PCBM polymeric films were derived for selected excitation energies corresponding to the main transitions in the sulphur 1s NEXAFS spectra. The mixture of PSiF-DBT with PCBM improves the charge transfer process involving the ?* molecular orbital of the thiophene units.

Actinide complexes of the redox-active ligand dpp-BIAN{sup 2-} (dpp-BIAN = bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)acenaphthylene), An(dpp-BIAN){sub 2}(THF){sub n} (An = Th, n = 1; An = U, n = 0, 1) have been prepared. Solid-state magnetic and single-crystal X-ray data for U(dpp-BIAN){sub 2}(THF){sub n} show when n = 0, the complex exists in an f{sup 2}-{pi}*{sup 4} configuration; whereas an intramolecular electrontransfer occurs for n = 1, resulting in an f{sup 3}-{pi}*{sup 3} ground configuration. The magnetic data also indicate that interconversion between the two forms of the complex is possible, limited only by the ability of THF vapor to penetrate the solid on cooling of the sample. Spectroscopic data indicate the complex exists solely in the f{sup 2}-{pi}*{sup 4} form in solution, evidenced by the appearance of only small changes in the electronic absorption spectra of the U(dpp-BIAN){sub 2} complex on titration with THF and by measurement of the solution magnetic moment m d{sub 8}-tetrahydrofuran using Evans method. Electrochemistry of the complexes is reported, with small differences observed in wave potentials between metals and in the presence of THF. These data represent the first example of a well-defined, reversible intramolecular electrontransfer in an f-element complex and the second example of oxidation state change through dative interaction with a metal ion.

This primer highlights recent trends in transmission investment, summarizes the division of jurisdictional authority over transmission, and presents four alternative models for transmission ownership. (author)

8 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 17, NO. 1, JANUARY 2002 Fundamental Limits on Energy, Member, IEEE Abstract--This work investigates fundamental limits on electromechanical energy conversion have not been part of the tide of miniaturization and integration advances from which signal

The Diné Power Authority is developing the Navajo Transmission Project (NTP) to relieve the constraints on the transmission of electricity west of the Four Corners area and to improve the operation flexibility and reliability of the extra-high-voltage transmission system in the region. The NTP creates the wholesale transmission capacity for more economical power transfers, sales, and purchases in the region. It will facilitate the development of Navajo energy resources, improve economic conditions on the Navajo Nation as well as allow DPA to participate in the western electrical utility industry.

Optoelectronics 514 Transmission Hologram Transmission Hologram Purpose: To learn about making Procedure: 1. HeNe Laser: #12;Optoelectronics 514 Transmission Hologram Mount the laser along the long axis. Development #12;Optoelectronics 514 Transmission Hologram Put the plate in the developer emulsion side up

TransmissionTransmissionTransmission Below are resources for Tribes on transmission. Transmission 101 Presentation from the National Council on Electricity Policy's Transmissions Technologies workshop. Includes information on transmission technology, costs, and how to plan the system. Transmission on Tribal Land Basics The Tribal Energy and Environmental Information Clearinghouse provides resources for development on tribal lands. Topics covered include transmission technology basics, potential impacts, law and regulations, and tribal incentives. Transmission Pre-Feasibility Study for Tribes Presentation on the components of a pre-feasibility study including generation location, sizing, and desirability, ability and cost to deliver, capacity versus energy, time of delivery versus peak, request for

For device integration purposes plasmonic metal nanoparticles must be supported/deposited on substrates. Therefore, it is important to understand the interaction between surfactant-free plasmonic metal nanoparticles and different substrates, as well as to identify factors that drive nanoparticles nucleation and formation. Here we show that for nanoparticles grown directly on supports, the substrate/nanoparticle interfacial energy affects the equilibrium shape of nanoparticles. Therefore, oblate, spherical and prolate Au nanoparticles (NPs) with different shapes have been deposited by radiofrequency sputtering on substrates with different characteristics, namely a dielectric oxide Al2O3 (0001), a narrow bandgap semiconductor Si (100), and a polar piezoelectric wide bandgap semiconductor 4H–SiC (0001). We demonstrate that the higher the substrate surface energy, the higher the interaction with the substrate, resulting in flat prolate Au nanoparticles. The resulting localized surface plasmon resonance characteristics of Au NPs/Al2O3, Au NPs/Si and Au NPs/SiC have been determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry and correlated with their structure and shape studied by transmissionelectron microscopy. Finally, we have demonstrated the diverse response of the tailored plasmonic substrates as ultrasensitive SERS chemical sensors. Flat oblates Au NPs on SiC result in an enhanced and more stable SERS response. The experimental findings are validated by numerical simulations of electromagnetic fields.

The interfacial misfit (IMF) dislocation array of an epitaxial GaSb film on a Si substrate has been imaged with high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmissionelectron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The mismatch strain accommodation through dislocation formation has been investigated using geometric phase analysis (GPA) on HAADF-STEM images with atomic resolution to probe the defects' local strain distribution. These measurements indicate that the lattice parameter of the epitaxial film recovers its bulk value within three unit cells from the interface due to the relaxation through IMF dislocations. The atomic number contrast of the HAADF-STEM images and energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry illustrate the formation of islands of AlSb buffer layer along the interface. The role of the AlSb buffer layer in facilitating the GaSb film growth on Si is further elucidated by investigating the strain field of the islands with the GPA.

Transfer Capability Transfer Capability The measure of the ability of interconnected electric systems to move or transfer power in a reliable manner from one area to another over all transmission lines (or paths) between those areas under specified system conditions. The units of transfer capability are in terms of electric power, generally expressed in megawatts (MW). The transfer capability from 'Area A' to 'Area B' is not generally equal to the transfer capability from 'Area B' to 'Area A.'[1] Related Terms transmission lines, power, electricity generation, transmission line References â†‘ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ine Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Transfer_Capability&oldid=480565"

Background: The B(E2) transition strength to the 2+_2 state in 94Zr was initially reported to be larger by a factor of 1.63 than the one to the 2+_1 state from lifetime measurements with the Doppler-shift attenuation method (DSAM) using the (n,n'gamma) reaction [E. Elhami et al., Phys. Rev. C 75, 011301(R) (2007)]. This surprising behavior was recently revised in a new measurement by the same group using the same experimental technique leading to a ratio below unity as expected in vibrational nuclei. Purpose: The goal is an independent determination of the ratio of B(E2) strengths for the transitions to the 2+_(1,2) states of 94Zr with inelastic electron scattering. Method: The relative population of the 2+_(1,2) states in (e,e') reactions was measured at the SDALINAC in a momentum transfer range q = 0.17 - 0.51 fm^(-1) and analyzed in plane-wave Born approximation with the method described in A. Scheikh Obeid et al., Phys. Rev. C 87, 014337 (2013). Results: The extracted B(E2) strength ratio of 0.789(43) between the excitation of the 2+_1 and 2+_2 states of 94Zr is consistent with but more precise than the latest (n,n'gamma) experiment. Using the B(E2) transition strength to the fi?rst excited state from the literature a value of 3.9(9) W.u. is deduced for the B(E2; 2+_2 -> 0+_1) transition. Conclusions: The electron scattering result independently confirms the latest interpretation of the different (n,n'gamma) results for the transition to the 2+_2 state in 94Zr.

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Light-harvesting (LH) complexes of cyclic (C{sub n}) symmetry from photosynthetic bacteria are studied using absorption and high pressure- and Stark-hole burning spectroscopies. The B800 absorption band of LH2 is inhomogeneously broadened while the B850 band of LH2 and the B875 band of the LH1 complex exhibit significant homogeneous broadening due to ultra-fast inter-exciton level relaxation. The B800{r_arrow}B850 energy transfer rate of ({approximately}2 ps){sup {minus}1} as determined by hole burning and femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopies, is weakly dependent on pressure and temperature, both of which significantly affect the B800-B850 energy gap. The resilience is theoretically explained in terms of a modified Foerster theory with the spectral overlap provided by the B800 fluorescence origin band and weak vibronic absorption bands of B850. Possible explanations for the additional sub-picosecond relaxation channel of B800 observed with excitation on the blue side of B800 are given. Data from pressure and temperature dependent studies show that the B800 and B850 bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a) molecules are weakly and strongly excitonically coupled, respectively, which is consistent with the X-ray structure of LH2. The B875 BChl a molecules are also strongly coupled. It is concluded that electron-exchange, in addition to electrostatic interactions, is important for understanding the strong coupling of the B850 and B875 rings. The large linear pressure shifts of {approximately}{minus}0.6 cm{sup {minus}1}/MPa associated with B850 and B875 can serve as important benchmarks for electronic structure calculations.

Background: The B(E2) transition strength to the 2+_2 state in 94Zr was initially reported to be larger by a factor of 1.63 than the one to the 2+_1 state from lifetime measurements with the Doppler-shift attenuation method (DSAM) using the (n,n'gamma) reaction [E. Elhami et al., Phys. Rev. C 75, 011301(R) (2007)]. This surprising behavior was recently revised in a new measurement by the same group using the same experimental technique leading to a ratio below unity as expected in vibrational nuclei. Purpose: Independent determination of the ratio of B(E2) strengths for the transitions to the 2+_(1,2) states of 94Zr with inelastic electron scattering. Method: The relative population of the 2+_(1,2) states in (e,e') reactions was measured at the SDALINAC in a momentum transfer range q = 0.17 - 0.51 fm^(-1) and analyzed in plane-wave Born approximation with the method described in A. Scheikh Obeid et al., Phys. Rev. C 87, 014337 (2013). Results: The extracted B(E2) strength ratio of 0.789(43) between the excita...

We analyze the transfer of a quantum state between two resonators connected by a superconducting transmission line. Nearly perfect state-transfer efficiency can be achieved by using adjustable couplers and destructive interference to cancel the back-reflection into the transmission line at the receiving coupler. We show that the transfer protocol is robust to parameter variations affecting the transmission amplitudes of the couplers. We also show that the effects of Gaussian filtering, pulse-shape noise, and multiple reflections on the transfer efficiency are insignificant. However, the transfer protocol is very sensitive to frequency mismatch between the two resonators. Moreover, the tunable coupler we considered produces time-varying frequency detuning caused by the changing coupling. This detuning requires an active frequency compensation with an accuracy better than 90% to yield the transfer efficiency above 99%.

Luis Transmission Project EIS/EIR Luis Transmission Project EIS/EIR San Luis Transmission Project EIS/EIR Western proposes to construct, own, operate, and maintain a new 230-kilovolt transmission line about 62 miles in length between Western's Tracy Substation and Western's San Luis Substation and a new 70-kV transmission line about 5 miles in length between the San Luis and O'Neill Substations. Western also will consider other transmission construction options including: A new 500-kV transmission line about 62 miles in length operated at 230-kV between Western's Tracy and San Luis Substations; A new 500-kV transmission line operated at 500-kV about 62 miles in length between the Tracy Substation and Pacific Gas and Electric's Los Banos Substation; and A new 230-kV transmission line about 18 miles in length between San Luis Substation and Dos Amigos Substation.

Grid Study Grid Study U.S. Department of Energy The Honorable Spencer Abraham Secretary of Energy May 2002 ii National Transmission Grid Study National Transmission Grid Study i ii National Transmission Grid Study National Transmission Grid Study iii How This Study Was Conducted The National Energy Policy Plan directed the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct a study to examine the benefits of establishing a national electricity transmission grid and to identify transmission bottlenecks and measures to address them. DOE began by conducting an independent analysis of U.S. electricity markets and identifying transmission system bottlenecks using DOE's Policy Office Electricity Modeling System (POEMS). DOE's analysis, presented in Section 2, confirms the central role of the nation's transmission

...The type of transmission line for a particular...will force rt transmission lines to be ground near...history of power transmission shows that d-c...characteristics of a d-c line, it is easy to...Best data fit III II I...

...where, is the brightness of the source and bs/80 is the ratio of the real image of the...im-age (0.61A/a). The quantity bs/80 can be most easily defined in the source...tube can be ac-quired at a reasonable cost and is com-patible with full-color displays...

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

We construct a nonequilibrium theory for the charge transfer through a diffusive array of alternating normal (N) and superconducting (S) islands comprising an SNSNS junction, with the size of the central S island being smaller than the energy relaxation length. We demonstrate that in the nonequilibrium regime the central island acts as Andreev retransmitter with the Andreev conversions at both NS interfaces of the central island correlated via above-the-gap transmission and Andreev reflection. This results in a synchronized transmission at certain resonant voltages which in experiments is seen as a sequence of spikes in the differential conductivity.

1 Calculation of Ramp Response of Lossy Transmission Lines Using Two-port Network Functions Payam-port representation of the transmission line and accounts for the output resistance of the driver and the line response of lossy transmission line which expands the reciprocal of transfer function of the system

A series transmission line transformer is set forth which includes two or more of impedance matched sets of at least two transmissions lines such as shielded cables, connected in parallel at one end ans series at the other in a cascading fashion. The cables are wound about a magnetic core. The series transmission line transformer (STLT) which can provide for higher impedance ratios and bandwidths, which is scalable, and which is of simpler design and construction.

A magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator employs self-generated magnetic fields to generate microwave energy. An anode of the oscillator includes slow-wave structures which are formed of a plurality of thin conductive vanes defining cavities therebetween, and a gap is formed between the anode and a cathode of the oscillator. In response to a pulsed voltage applied to the anode and cathode, self-generated magnetic fields arfe produced in a cross-field orientation with respect to the orientation of the electric field between the anode and the cathode. The cross-field magnetic fields insulate the flow of electrons in the gap and confine the flow of electrons within the gap.

The Transmission Line Security Monitor is a multi-sensor monitor that mounts directly on high-voltage transmission lines to detect, characterize and communicate terrorist activity, human tampering and threatening conditions around support towers. For more information about INL's critical infrastructure protection research, visit http://www.facebook.com/idahonationallaboratory.

The Transmission Line Security Monitor is a multi-sensor monitor that mounts directly on high-voltage transmission lines to detect, characterize and communicate terrorist activity, human tampering and threatening conditions around support towers. For more information about INL's critical infrastructure protection research, visit http://www.facebook.com/idahonationallaboratory.

Foil Electron Multiplier Foil Electron Multiplier Foil Electron Multiplier An apparatus for electron multiplication by transmission that is designed with at least one foil having a front side for receiving incident particles and a back side for transmitting secondary electrons that are produced from the incident particles transiting through the foil. Available for thumbnail of Feynman Center (505) 665-9090 Email Foil Electron Multiplier An apparatus for electron multiplication by transmission that is designed with at least one foil having a front side for receiving incident particles and a back side for transmitting secondary electrons that are produced from the incident particles transiting through the foil. The foil thickness enables the incident particles to travel through the foil and continue on

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's Standard Market Design Notice of Public Rule- making (SMD NOPRPerformance Incentives for Transmission FERC's Standard Market Design should accommodate of California at Berkeley. The research described in this article was supported by National Grid, USA

The UK has ambitious plans for exploiting offshore wind for electricity production in order to meet its challenging target under the EU Renewable Energy Directive. This could involve investing up to 20bn in transmission assets to bring electricity...

Audio transmission systems are the means by which audio signals are routed, processed, and assigned to the desired monitor and recording output channels. In the early days of electrical recording, rarely more ...

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy, using a free-electron laser, and ion mobility measurements, using both drift-cell and traveling-wave instruments, were used to investigate the structure of gas-phase peptide (AAHAL + 2H)2+ ions ...

Russells Point, OH The Honda Transmission Technical Center is located on the Honda of America Manufacturing Plant facility site in Russells Point, Ohio. This facility is used for product engineering and market quality testing and analysis of automatic transmissions. The building contains a large workshop area for ten cars, a future dynamometer, two laboratories, an open office area, three conference rooms, a break room, restrooms, and related support areas.

The purpose of this document is to assist in evaluating and planning for the cost, schedule, and technical project risks associated with the delivery and operation of the EC (Electron cyclotron) transmission line system. In general, the major risks that are anticipated to be encountered during the project delivery phase associated with the implementation of the Procurement Arrangement for the EC transmission line system are associated with: (1) Undefined or changing requirements (e.g., functional or regulatory requirements) (2) Underperformance of prototype, first unit, or production components during testing (3) Unavailability of qualified vendors for critical components Technical risks associated with the design and operation of the system are also identified.

About SNR > Right Of Way About SNR > Right Of Way Right Of Way Preferred Vegetation List - Redding & Foothills (XLS - 23K) Preferred Vegetation List - Sacramento Valley (XLS - 170K) WESTERN AREA POWER ADMINISTRATION GENERAL GUIDELINES CONCERNING THE USE OF ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION LINE RIGHTS-OF-WAY Western Area Power Administration (Western) owns a right-of-way easement along the length of the transmission line (width varies by transmission line). Western's rights within the easement include the right to construct, reconstruct, operate, maintain, and patrol the transmission line. Rights usually reserved to the landowner include the right to cultivate, occupy, and use the land for any purpose that does not conflict with Western's use of its easement. To avoid potential conflicts, it is Western's policy to review all proposed uses within the transmission line easement. We consider (1) Safety of the public, (2) Safety of our Employees, (3) Restrictions covered in the easement, (4) Western's maintenance requirements, and (5) Protection of the transmission line structures and (6) Road or street crossings.

Transmission | OATT Transmission | OATT Skip Navigation Links Transmission Functions Infrastructure projects Interconnection OASIS OATT Western Open Access Transmission Service Tariff Revision Western Area Power Administration submitted its revised Open Access Transmission Service Tariff with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on Sept. 30, 2009. The tariff became effective on Dec. 1, 2009, as modified by Western's March 2, 2011 compliance filing. The revised tariff was developed to comply with FERC Order No. 890 and to be consistent with Western's statutory and regulatory requirements. It addresses changes in transmission services and planning. FERC issued an order on Dec. 2, 2010, granting Western's petition for a Declaratory Order approving the tariff as an acceptable reciprocity tariff, subject to Western making a compliance filing within 30 days to address items in Attachment C, Attachment P and Attachment Q. Western made its compliance filing on March 2, 2010, addressing FERC's Dec. 2, 2010, order. FERC accepted Western's March 2, 2011 compliance filing on April 25, 2011. Western has made several ministerial filings to its OATT as part of FERC's eTariff viewer system, the last of these was approved on March 29, 2013. Further detail can be found in the links below.Current OATT

In this work we carried out electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) characterizations on a ZnO nanorod dye-sensitized solar cell to investigate its electron transport and recombination properties and how these properties influence the cell performance. ... Supplemental figures for impedance spectra under illumination, the transmission line model, comparison of the measured capacitance to the depletion model, charge transfer resistance at open-circuit conditions, and total resistances of the cell. ...

We present a qualitative analysis, based on ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, of the SN2/ET mechanistic spectrum for three reactions: (1) HC(CN)=O.- + CH3Cl, (2) HC(CN)=O.- + (CH3)2CHCl, and (3) H2C=O.- + CH3Cl, passing through their SN2-like transition states. The finite temperature (298 K) direct-MD simulations indicate that the trajectories for reaction 1 appear to have a propensity towards SN2 products, the propensity for trajectories for reaction 2 seems to be towards ET products, whereas trajectories for reaction 3 appear to show no particular propensity towards either ET or SN2 products. The mechanistic diversity is consistent with the electron donating ability of the ketyl species and steric bulkiness of chloroalkanes. We find that the trajectories have characteristics that reflect strongly the types of process (SN2 trajectories in reactions 1 and 3 vs. ET trajectories in reactions 2 and 3). Trajectories that lead to SN2 products are simple with C-C bond formation and C-Cl bond breaking essentially completed within 50 fs. By contrast, trajectories leading to ET products are more complex with a sudden electron reorganization taking place within 15 - 30 fs and the major bonding changes and electron and spin reorganizations completed after 250 fs.

We report measurements of the incidence translational energy dependence of steric effects in collisions of NO(v = 3) molecules with a Au(111) surface using a recently developed technique to orient beams of vibrationally excited NO molecules at incidence energies of translation between 0.08 and 0.89 eV. Incidence orientation dependent vibrational state distributions of scattered molecules are detected by means of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy. Molecules oriented with the N-end towards the surface exhibit a higher vibrational relaxation probability than those oriented with the O-end towards the surface. This strong orientation dependence arises from the orientation dependence of the underlying electrontransfer reaction responsible for the vibrational relaxation. At reduced incidence translational energy, we observe a reduced steric effect. This reflects dynamical steering and re-orientation of the NO molecule upon its approach to the surface.

Hybrid Transmission Corridors are areas where High Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) transmission lines and High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission lines exist in close proximity of each other. Because of the acceptance of HVDC as a means of transporting electric power over long distances and the difficulties associated with obtaining new right-of-ways, HVDC lines may have to share the same transmission corridor with HVAC lines. The interactions between conductors energized with different types of voltages causes changes in the electrical stresses applied to the conductors and insulators. As a result, corona phenomena, field effects and insulation performance can be affected. This report presents the results of an investigation of the HVAC-HVDC interaction and its effect on corona and AC and DC electric field phenomena. The method of investigation was based on calculation methods developed at the EPRI High Voltage Transmission Research Center (HVTRC) and supported by the results of full and reduced-scale line tests. Also, a survey of existing hybrid corridors is given along with the results of measurements made at one of those corridors. A number of examples in which an existing AC corridor may be transformed into a hybrid corridor are discussed. The main result of the research is an analytical/empirical model for predicting the electrical/environmental performance of hybrid corridors, a definition of ACDC interaction and a set of criteria for specifying when the interaction becomes significant, and a set of design rules.

Spring 2014 Heat Transfer - 2 A thin electronic chip is in the shape of a square wafer, b = 1 cm surface of the chip with a heat transfer coefficient of h = 100 W/m2 -K. Assume the chip has a uniform per side with a mass of m = 0.3 grams and specific heat of C = 103 J/kg-K. The chip is mounted

Discrete visible and near-infrared luminescence of a beam of photoexcited helium clusters is reported. The emission lines are attributed to free helium atoms and molecules desorbing from clusters in electronically excited states. Depending on the excitation energy, various atomic and molecular singlet and triplet states are involved in the relaxation process. With increasing cluster size the intensity of molecular transitions becomes dominant. The temperature of ejected molecules could be estimated to T{sub vib}{approximately}2500 K and T{sub rot}{approximately}450 K and is much higher than that of the cluster itself. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Transmission Infrastructure Transmission Infrastructure Grid expansion and planning to allow large scale deployment of renewable generation Large scale deployment of renewable electricity generation will require additional transmission to connect renewable resources, which are wide-spread across the US, but regionally-constrained, to load centers. Long-term transmission planning, based on potential future growth in electric loads and generation resource expansion options, is critical to maintaining the necessary flexibility required for a reliable and robust transmission system. NREL's analyses support transmission infrastructure planning and expansion to enable large-scale deployment of renewable energy in the future. NREL's transmission infrastructure expansion and planning analyses show

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

A printed circuit dispersive transmission line structure is disclosed comprising an insulator, a ground plane formed on one surface of the insulator, a first transmission line formed on a second surface of the insulator, and a second transmission line also formed on the second surface of the insulator and of longer length than the first transmission line and periodically intersecting the first transmission line. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission line structure exhibits highly dispersive characteristics by designing the length of one of the transmission line between two adjacent periodic intersections to be longer than the other. 5 figures.

A printed circuit dispersive transmission line structure is disclosed comprising an insulator, a ground plane formed on one surface of the insulator, a first transmission line formed on a second surface of the insulator, and a second transmission line also formed on the second surface of the insulator and of longer length than the first transmission line and periodically intersecting the first transmission line. In a preferred embodiment, the transmission line structure exhibits highly dispersive characteristics by designing the length of one of the transmission line between two adjacent periodic intersections to be longer than the other.

The displacement or deferral of conventional AC transmission line installation is a key benefit associated with several technologies being developed with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy`s Office of Energy Management (OEM). Previous benefits assessments conducted within OEM have been based on significantly different assumptions for the average cost per mile of AC transmission line. In response to this uncertainty, an investigation of transmission line capital cost data was initiated. The objective of this study was to develop a database for preparing preliminary estimates of transmission line costs. An extensive search of potential data sources identified databases maintained by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) as superior sources of transmission line cost data. The BPA and WAPA data were adjusted to a common basis and combined together. The composite database covers voltage levels from 13.8 to 765 W, with cost estimates for a given voltage level varying depending on conductor size, tower material type, tower frame type, and number of circuits. Reported transmission line costs vary significantly, even for a given voltage level. This can usually be explained by variation in the design factors noted above and variation in environmental and land (right-of-way) costs, which are extremely site-specific. Cost estimates prepared from the composite database were compared to cost data collected by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) for investor-owned utilities from across the United States. The comparison was hampered because the only design specifications included with the FERC data were voltage level and line length. Working within this limitation, the FERC data were not found to differ significantly from the composite database. Therefore, the composite database was judged to be a reasonable proxy for estimating national average costs.

Electrontransmission through a boundary between multi-layer graphenes with Bernal stacking consisting of different number of layers is studied. A valley polarization in transmission probability appears as in monolayer and bilayer systems, exhibits considerable oscillation depending of even or odd layer numbers, and its amplitude gradually decreases with the layer number. The total transmission shows oscillation with much smaller amplitude.

transmission lines O. Yaakobi,1,* L. Friedland,2 C. Macklin,3 and I. Siddiqi3 1 INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel; published 1 April 2013) An electronictransmission line that contains an array of nonlinear elements of the node flux along the transmission line is derived. It is shown that due to the nonlinearity

Enhanced Transmission Line Theory: Frequency- Dependent Line Parameters And Their Insertion in a Classical Transmission Line Equation Solver S. Chabane, P. Besnier IETR: Institute of Electronics--In this paper, a modified enhanced transmission- line theory taking into account higher-order modes is described

Material Transfer Agreements Material Transfer Agreements Materials produced by researchers at Argonne National Laboratory are often of interest to the private sector. Depending on the circumstances under which the material was developed, such material may be transferred to industry for a number of reasons (e.g., testing, feasibility studies, etc.). This transfer is usually temporary and can initiate a more formal working arrangement. At this time, TDC, in conjunction with Argonne's Legal Department, provides such agreements on an as-needed basis. If you would like to acquire material produced by Argonne researchers during the course of a federally funded research project, please contact TDC or fill out a Material Transfer Agreement request form. Printed or electronically downloaded copies may become obsolete. Before using such a copy for work direction, employees must verify that it is current by comparing its revision number with that of the online version. Obsolete forms will be rejected.

Department of Agriculture Production, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Limasol, Cyprus, and Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus ... Amino and carboxylate substituents satisfy the requirement for proton accepting groups and an environment around metal ions redox coupled with quinone similar to that found in natural systems. ... For electrochemically reversible processes, plots of E versus RT ln[(id ? i)/i)]/F (F, faraday constant, R, gas constant) of the RDE voltammograms over a potential range between the quartile (E1/4) and the three-quartile (E3/4) potential values will be linear with intercept E1/2 and slope 1/n (n, number of electrons). ...

Steve Knudsen Steve Knudsen PTL-5 Proposed Action: Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and Puget Sound Energy, Inc. (PSE) propose to enter into a new electricity transmissiontransfer agreement. Budget Information: WO# 00003863 Task# 01 Categorical Exclusion Applied (from Subpart D, 10 C.F.R. Part 1021): B4.8 - New electricity transmission agreements, and modifications to existing transmission arrangements, to use a transmission facility of one system to transfer power of and for another system, if no new generation projects would be involved and no physical changes in the transmission system would be made beyond the previously developed facility area. Location: Portland, Oregon Proposed by: BPA and PSE Description of the Proposed Action: BPA proposes to enter into a new electricity transmission

This patent describes a power transmission apparatus. It comprises: a body, a pinion gear, a cam means, first and second gear rack pairs, preventing means;l first and second rack support means, a rotor mounted for rotation about a rotor axis, the rotor having rotor engaging means for engaging the rack support means so as to transmit power therebetween.

A autonomous borehole data transmission apparatus for transmitting measurement data from measuring instruments at the downhole end of a drill string by generating pressure pulses utilizing a transducer longitudinally responsive to magnetic field pulses caused by electrical pulses corresponding to the measured downhole parameters.

A borehole data transmission apparatus is described whereby a centrifugal pump impeller(s) is used to provide a turbine stage having substantial pressure characteristics in response to changing rotational speed of a shaft for the pressure pulsing of data from the borehole through the drilling mud to the surface of the earth.

Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten or More Miles Long (New York) Regulations for Electric Transmission and Fuel Gas Transmission Lines Ten or More Miles Long (New York) < Back Eligibility Commercial Fuel Distributor Investor-Owned Utility Municipal/Public Utility Rural Electric Cooperative Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State New York Program Type Siting and Permitting Provider New York State Public Service Commission Any person who wishes to construct an electric or gas transmission line that is more than ten miles long must file documents describing the construction plans and potential land use and environmental impacts of the proposed transmission line. The regulations describe application and review

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

88 88 Lunar Wireless Power Transfer Feasibility Study March 2008 Prof. Zoya Popovic, University of Colorado, Boulder David R. Beckett, Scott R. Anderson, Diana Mann, Stuart Walker, Independent Consultants Sheldon Fried, Ph.D., National Security Technologies, LLC Abstract - This study examines the feasibility of a multi-kilowatt wireless radio frequency (RF) power system to transfer power between lunar base facilities. Initial analyses, show that wireless power transfer (WPT) systems can be more efficient and less expensive than traditional wired approaches for certain lunar and terrestrial applications. The study includes evaluations of the fundamental limitations of lunar WPT systems, the interrelationships of possible operational parameters, and a baseline design approach for a notionial system that could be used in the near

Coordinating Interstate Electric Coordinating Interstate Electric Transmission Siting: An Introduction to the Debate The National Council on Electricity Policy 2 DISCLAIMER: The National Council on Electricity Policy is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The views and opinions expressed herein are strictly those of the authors and may not necessarily agree with the positions of the National Council on Electricity Policy, its committ ee members or the organizations they represent, the National Council funders, or those who commented on the paper during its draft ing. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Coordinating Interstate Electric Transmission Siting: An Introduction to the Debate was prepared with the fi nancial assistance of a grant from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Offi ce of Electricity Delivery

A transmission line assembly for transmitting information along a downhole tool comprising a pin end, a box end, and a central bore traveling between the pin end and the box end, is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a protective conduit. A transmission line is routed through the protective conduit. The protective conduit is routed through the central bore and the ends of the protective conduit are routed through channels formed in the pin end and box end of the downhole tool. The protective conduit is elastically forced into a spiral or other non-linear path along the interior surface of the central bore by compressing the protective conduit to a length within the downhole tool shorter than the protective conduit.

long term performance contracts with a developer of an HVDC transmission link to expand “interconnection” capacity between TSOs with no or limited interconnections and with large sustained differences in prices. Merchant investments supported... truly separate AC networks. For example, by building HVDC inter-connectors between two separate networks, opportunities to increase trades of power from high price to low priced areas can be exploited. The HVDC link between the England and France...

Sediments with basaltic provenance, such as those at the Hanford nuclear reservation, Washington, USA, are rich in Fe-bearing minerals of mixed valence. These minerals are redox reactive with aqueous O2 or Fe(II), and have the potential to react with important environmental contaminants including Tc. Here we isolate, identify and characterize natural Fe(II)/Fe(III)-bearing microparticles from Hanford sediments, develop synthetic analogues and investigate their batch redox reactivity with aqueous Tc(VII). Natural Fe-rich mineral samples were isolated by magnetic separation from sediments collected at several locations on Hanford’s central plateau. This magnetic mineral fraction was found to represent up to 1 wt% of the total sediment, and be composed of 90% magnetite with minor ilmenite and hematite, as determined by X-ray diffraction. The magnetite contained variable amounts of transition metalsconsistent with alio- and isovalent metal substitutions for Fe. X-ray microprobe analysis showed that Ti was the most significant substituent, and that these grains could be described with the titanomagnetite formula Fe3_xTixO4, which falls between endmember magnetite (x = 0) and ulvo¨ spinel (x = 1). The dominant composition was determined to be x = 0.15 by chemical analysis and electron probe microanalysis in the bulk, and by L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the surface. Site-level characterization of the titanomagnetites by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism showed that despite native oxidation, octahedral Fe(II) was detectable within 5 nm of the mineral surface. By testing the effect of contact with oxic Hanford and Ringold groundwaters to reduced Ringold groundwater, it was found that the concentration of this near-surface structural Fe(II) was strongly dependent on aqueous redox condition. This highlights the potential for restoring reducing equivalents and thus reduction capacity to oxidized Fe-mineral surfaces through redox cycling in the natural environment. Reaction of these magnetically-separated natural phases from Hanford sediments with a solution containing 10 lmol L_1 Tc(VII) showed that they were able to reductively immobilize Tc(VII) with concurrent oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) at the mineral surface, as were synthetic x = 0.15 microparticle and nanoparticle analogue phases. When differences in the particle surface area to solution volume ratio were taken into consideration, measured Tc(VII) reduction rates for Fe3_xTixO4(x = 0.15) natural material, synthetic bulk powder and nanoparticles scaled systematically, suggesting possible utility for comprehensive batch and flow reactivity studies.

Electron Microscopy Facility Electron Microscopy Facility Electron Microscopy This facility consists of four top-of-the line transmissionelectron microscopes, two of which are highly specialized instruments capable of extreme levels of resolution, achieved through spherical aberration correction. The facility is also equipped with extensive sample-preparation capabilities. The scientific interests of the staff focus on understanding the microscopic origin of the physical and chemical behavior of materials, with specific emphasis on in-situ studies of materials in native, functional environments. Capabilities Atomic-resolution imaging of internal materials structure with scanning transmission and transmissionelectron microscopy Spectroscopic characterization with energy dispersive x-ray

A high gain, single-pass free electron laser formed of a high brilliance electron injector source, a linear accelerator which imparts high energy to the electron beam, and an undulator capable of extremely high magnetic fields, yet with a very short period. The electron injector source is the first stage (gap) of the linear accelerator or a radial line transformer driven by fast circular switch. The linear accelerator is formed of a plurality of accelerating gaps arranged in series. These gaps are energized in sequence by releasing a single pulse of energy which propagates simultaneously along a plurality of transmission lines, each of which feeds the gaps. The transmission lines are graduated in length so that pulse power is present at each gap as the accelerated electrons pass therethrough. The transmission lines for each gap are open circuited at their ends. The undualtor has a structure similar to the accelerator, except that the transmission lines for each gap are substantially short circuited at their ends, thus converting the electric field into magnetic field. A small amount of resistance is retained in order to generate a small electric field for replenishing the electron bunch with the energy lost as it traverses through the undulator structure.

Transmission Planning and Analysis Transmission Planning and Analysis Thumbnail of map the United States that shows wind resources and transmission lines. Enlarge image This map shows the location of wind resources and transmission lines in the United States. See a larger image or state maps. NREL researchers are engaged in transmission planning and analysis to strengthen the electric power system through the integration of solar and wind power. As demand for electricity increases, electric power system operators must plan for and construct new generation and transmission lines. However, variable generation such as solar and wind power plants are often located far from the loads they serve. They depend on transmission lines to transport the electricity they produce to load centers. NREL is working with industry and utilities to address issues related to

Digital and analog data transmissions via fiber optics for the Superconducting Super Collider have been investigated. The state of the art of optical transmitters, low loss fiber waveguides, receivers and associated electronics components are reviewed and summarized. Emphasis is placed on the effects of the radiation environment on the performance of an optical data transmission system components. Also, the performance of candidate components of the wide band digital and analog transmission systems intended for deployment of the Superconducting Super Collider Detector is discussed. 27 refs., 15 figs.

DOE Grid Tech Team Â» Activities/Outreach Â» GTT DOE Grid Tech Team Â» Activities/Outreach Â» GTT Activities Â» Transmission Workshop Transmission Workshop Transmission Workshop GTT Transmission Workshop - November 1-2, 2012 On November 1-2, 2012, the GTT presented a workshop on grid integration on the transmission system at the DoubleTree Crystal City near Washington, DC. A draft of the DOE Action Plan Addressing the Electricity Transmission System was discussed during the workshop, which addressed the challenges and opportunities presented by the integration of 21st century energy technologies into the electricity transmission system. Parallel sessions addressed the challenges and opportunities of modernizing the grid and drilled down into key technology areas associated with each of these: System visibility: what advances are needed to "see" the state of

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Demand continues to increase while transmission line construction is being constrained by multiple factors— economic, environmental, and political. Effective and efficient utilization of transmission lines is thus of great importance in an open access environment. Large blocks of power are transferred from areas with inexpensive generation to heavy load demand areas or areas with high generation costs. This results in some transmission paths being loaded closer to their path ratings, which limits further power transfer between areas. Traditionally, rating of important paths was determined off line by assuming the worst-case study scenario; once determined, it could be used for years. With increasing uncertainty arising from rapid growth of renewable energy and smart technologies, path rating studies are needed in near-real time to account for the latest system status and support a reliable and economic power grid. This paper adopts a simplified procedure based on standards of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to determine total transfer capability (TTC) or transfer limit for the purpose of demonstrating the benefits and necessity of real-time path rating. Initial studies are conducted to compute TTC of a two-area test system and a 39-bus test system. Results indicate that path rating can be significantly affected by loading conditions, generator schedules, system topology and other factors.

We report on a scalable electrostatic process to transfer epitaxial graphene to arbitrary glass substrates, including Pyrex and Zerodur. This transfer process could enable wafer-level integration of graphene with structured and electronically-active substrates such as MEMS and CMOS. We will describe the electrostatic transfer method and will compare the properties of the transferred graphene with nominally-equivalent 'as-grown' epitaxial graphene on SiC. The electronic properties of the graphene will be measured using magnetoresistive, four-probe, and graphene field effect transistor geometries [1]. To begin, high-quality epitaxial graphene (mobility 14,000 cm2/Vs and domains >100 {micro}m2) is grown on SiC in an argon-mediated environment [2,3]. The electrostatic transfer then takes place through the application of a large electric field between the donor graphene sample (anode) and the heated acceptor glass substrate (cathode). Using this electrostatic technique, both patterned few-layer graphene from SiC(000-1) and chip-scale monolayer graphene from SiC(0001) are transferred to Pyrex and Zerodur substrates. Subsequent examination of the transferred graphene by Raman spectroscopy confirms that the graphene can be transferred without inducing defects. Furthermore, the strain inherent in epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) is found to be partially relaxed after the transfer to the glass substrates.

A localized wireless communication system for communication between a plurality of circuit boards, and between electronic components on the circuit boards. Transceivers are located on each circuit board and electronic component. The transceivers communicate with one another over spread spectrum radio frequencies. An asynchronous transfer mode protocol controls communication flow with asynchronous transfer mode switches located on the circuit boards.

Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy Transmission lines are the critical link between the point of electricity generation and consumers. The U.S. transmission grid infrastructure is owned and operated by approximately 3,000 distribution utilities and 500 transmission owners. This structure presents a distinct set of challenges in transmission planning, siting, cost allocation, grid operations and management, technological innovation, financing and construction. The development and deployment of a national strategy on transmission that meets the needs of all parties is extremely complex; however, a solution is desperately needed. Chapter 4 Transmission Adequacy More Documents & Publications Draft Chapter 4: Transmission Adequacy

The purpose of this study was to develop an assessment of the national utility system`s needs for electric transmission during the period 1995-2020 that could be met by future reduced-cost HVDC systems. The assessment was to include an economic evaluation of HVDC as a means for meeting those needs as well as a comparison with competing technologies such as ac transmission with and without Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) controllers. The role of force commutated dc converters was to be assumed where appropriate. The assessment begins by identifying the general needs for transmission in the U.S. in the context of a future deregulated power industry. The possible roles for direct current transmission are then postulated in terms of representative scenarios. A few of the scenarios are illustrated with the help of actual U.S. system examples. non-traditional applications as well as traditional applications such as long lines and asynchronous interconnections are discussed. The classical ``break-even distance`` concept for comparing HVDC and ac lines is used to assess the selected scenarios. The impact of reduced-cost converters is reflected in terms of the break-even distance. This report presents a comprehensive review of the functional benefits of HVDC transmission and updated cost data for both ac and dc system components. It also provides some provocative thoughts on how direct current transmission might be applied to better utilize and expand our nation`s increasingly stressed transmission assets.

Proceedings from the Hydrogen Transmission and Distribution Workshop held February 25-26, 2014, in Golden, Colorado. The objective was to discuss and share information on the research, development, and demonstration needs and challenges for low-cost, effective hydrogen transmission and distribution from centralized production facilities to the point of use.

This book represents text on HVDC transmission available. It deals with the various aspects of the state of the art in HVDC transmission technology. This book presents many aspects of interactions of AC/DC systems. Modeling and analysis of DC systems are also discussed in detail.

Transmission Reliability Transmission Reliability Transmission Reliability Modernizing America's electricity infrastructure is one of the U.S. Department of Energy's top priorities. The DOE Strategic Plan states that today's electric grid needs to be more efficient, reliable, and secure. A modern, smarter electric grid may save consumers money, help our economy run more efficiently, allow rapid growth in renewable energy sources, and enhance energy reliability. The Department's research into a variety of tools that will improve advanced system monitoring, visualization, control, operations, and market structure will ultimately modernize the electricity transmission infrastructure to ease congestion, allow for increases in demand, and provide a greater degree of security. The Transmission Reliability Program is aligned with this strategic plan

The Keystone Center convened and facilitated a year-long Dialogue on "Regional Transmission Projects: Finding Solutions" to develop recommendations that will help address the difficult and contentious issues related to expansions of regional electric transmission systems that are needed for reliable and economic transmission of power within and across regions. This effort brought together a cross-section of affected stakeholders and thought leaders to address the problem with the collective wisdom of their experience and interests. Transmission owners sat at the table with consumer advocates and environmental organizations. Representatives from regional transmission organizations exchanged ideas with state and federal regulators. Generation developers explored common interests with public power suppliers. Together, the Dialogue participants developed consensus solutions about how to begin unraveling some of the more intractable issues surrounding identification of need, allocation of costs, and reaching consensus on siting issues that can frustrate the development of regional transmission infrastructure. The recommendations fall into three broad categories: 1. Recommendations on appropriate institutional arrangements and processes for achieving regional consensus on the need for new or expanded transmission infrastructure 2. Recommendations on the process for siting of transmission lines 3. Recommendations on the tools needed to support regional planning, cost allocation, and siting efforts. List of Dialogue participants: List of Dialogue Participants: American Electric Power American Transmission Company American Wind Energy Association California ISO Calpine Corporation Cinergy Edison Electric Institute Environmental Defense Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Great River Energy International Transmission Company ISO-New England Iowa Public Utility Board Kanner & Associates Midwest ISO National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates National Grid Northeast Utilities PA Office of Consumer Advocates Pacific Gas & Electric Corporation Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission PJM Interconnection The Electricity Consumers Resource Council U.S. Department of Energy US Department of the Interior Van Ness Feldman Western Interstate Energy Board Wind on the Wires Wisconsin Public Service Commission Xcel Energy

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Abstract The measuring accuracy and the measurement stability of conventional distance relay will be influenced by complex and remarkable harmonic components due to the large capacitance of the line when it is used for a long line. Correspondingly, the tripping speed will be delayed to some extent. To solve this problem, a fast distance relay for long transmission lines is presented, which is on the basis of the differential equation algorithm using ? transmission line model and the theory of Equal Transfer Process of Transmission Lines (ETPTL). The shortcomings of ? model differential equation algorithm due to the impact of high frequency components can be overcome by using a low-pass filter. The problem resulting from the difference between the transfer feature of the voltages used by the distance protection and that of the currents due to the transient characteristic of coupling capacitor voltage transformers (CCVT) can be solved by using virtual digital CCVT. Then, the new distance relay can trip quickly by re-structuring the voltage at the fault point and iterative calculations. A variety of ATP simulation tests show that the new relay has fast tripping speed and high reliability when applied to the long transmission lines.

The objective of Energy Transmission and Infrastructure Northern Ohio (OH) was to lay the conceptual and analytical foundation for an energy economy in northern Ohio that will: • improve the efficiency with which energy is used in the residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, and transportation sectors for Oberlin, Ohio as a district-wide model for Congressional District OH-09; • identify the potential to deploy wind and solar technologies and the most effective configuration for the regional energy system (i.e., the ratio of distributed or centralized power generation); • analyze the potential within the district to utilize farm wastes to produce biofuels; • enhance long-term energy security by identifying ways to deploy local resources and building Ohio-based enterprises; • identify the policy, regulatory, and financial barriers impeding development of a new energy system; and • improve energy infrastructure within Congressional District OH-09. This objective of laying the foundation for a renewable energy system in Ohio was achieved through four primary areas of activity: 1. district-wide energy infrastructure assessments and alternative-energy transmission studies; 2. energy infrastructure improvement projects undertaken by American Municipal Power (AMP) affiliates in the northern Ohio communities of Elmore, Oak Harbor, and Wellington; 3. Oberlin, OH-area energy assessment initiatives; and 4. a district-wide conference held in September 2011 to disseminate year-one findings. The grant supported 17 research studies by leading energy, policy, and financial specialists, including studies on: current energy use in the district and the Oberlin area; regional potential for energy generation from renewable sources such as solar power, wind, and farm-waste; energy and transportation strategies for transitioning the City of Oberlin entirely to renewable resources and considering pedestrians, bicyclists, and public transportation as well as drivers in developing transportation policies; energy audits and efficiency studies for Oberlin-area businesses and Oberlin College; identification of barriers to residential energy efficiency and development of programming to remove these barriers; mapping of the solar-photovoltaic and wind-energy supply chains in northwest Ohio; and opportunities for vehicle sharing and collaboration among the ten organizations in Lorain County from the private, government, non-profit, and educational sectors. With non-grant funds, organizations have begun or completed projects that drew on the findings of the studies, including: creation of a residential energy-efficiency program for the Oberlin community; installation of energy-efficient lighting in Oberlin College facilities; and development by the City of Oberlin and Oberlin College of a 2.27 megawatt solar photovoltaic facility that is expected to produce 3,000 megawatt-hours of renewable energy annually, 12% of the College’s yearly power needs. Implementation of these and other projects is evidence of the economic feasibility and technical effectiveness of grant-supported studies, and additional projects are expected to advance to implementation in the coming years. The public has benefited through improved energydelivery systems and reduced energy use for street lighting in Elmore, Oak Harbor, and Wellington; new opportunities for assistance and incentives for residential energy efficiency in the Oberlin community; new opportunities for financial and energy savings through vehicle collaboration within Lorain County; and decreased reliance on fossil fuels and expanded production of renewable energy in the region. The dissemination conference and the summary report developed for the conference also benefited the public, but making the findings and recommendations of the regional studies broadly available to elected officials, city managers, educators, representatives of the private sector, and the general public.

Electron capture by {\\it isolated} atoms and ions proceeds by photorecombination. In this process a species captures a free electron by emitting a photon which carries away the excess energy. It is shown here that in the presence of an {\\it environment} a competing non-radiative electron capture process can take place due to long range electron correlation. In this interatomic (intermolecular) process the excess energy is transferred to neighboring species. The asymptotic expression for the cross section of this process is derived. We demonstrate by explicit examples that under realizable conditions the cross section of this interatomic process can clearly dominate that of photorecombination.

Energy transfer to acoustic phonons is the dominant low-temperature cooling channel of electrons in a crystal. For cold neutral graphene we find that the weak cooling power of its acoustic modes relative to their heat capacity leads to a power-law decay of the electronic temperature when far from equilibrium. For heavily doped graphene a high electronic temperature is shown to initially decrease linearly with time at a rate proportional to n3/2 with n being the electronic density. The temperature at which cooling via optical phonon emission begins to dominate depends on graphene carrier density.

Accelerating the transfer in Technology Transfer Accelerating the transfer in Technology Transfer Community Connections: Our link to Northern New Mexico Communities Latest Issue:Dec. 2013 - Jan. 2014 All Issues Â» submit Accelerating the transfer in Technology Transfer Express Licensing fast tracks commercialization. May 1, 2013 Division Leader Dave Pesiri Division Leader Dave Pesiri. Contact Editor Linda Anderman Email Community Programs Office Kurt Steinhaus Email Express Licensing program To better serve its partners, one of the first improvements the Lab's Technology Transfer Division (TT) has made is through its new Express Licensing initiative. Standardized license agreements and fee structures will remove long and complicated negotiations and decrease the time required to get patented Lab technology and software into the hands of

This paper presents a bibliography on issues related to transmission access in electric power systems. There are 233 citations referenced in this bibliography. This bibliography presents a collection of selected literature on issues related to transmission access. It does not contain all of the material available on this subject or the categories contained herein. Some readers may feel that citations within this bibliography should be strictly limited to transmission system issues and not include energy pricing or reliability issues. However, it was the decision of the Subcommittee of the IEEE Task Force on Transmission Access and Nonutility Generation that selected entries relating to reliability and energy pricing, most relevant to transmission access, should be included. This decision was made because certain issues relating to reliability, transmission and energy pricing are perceived by the industry to be critical in the discussion of transmission access. The bibliography has been divided into the following sections or sub-sections: 2.0 Operational (Engineering) Issues, 3.0 Planning, 4.0 Reliability, 5.1 Economics: Costing, 5.2(a) Economics: Location-Differentiated Pricing, 5.2(b) Economics: Time-Differentiated Pricing, 5.3 Economics: Brokering, Bidding, and Auctioning, 6.0 Regulatory, and 7.0 General. Although the content of many publications spanned two or more of these sections, the desire to limit document length required that all publications be placed in the single most appropriate section. Publications are sorted according to author or publication resource.

This paper presents experimental results on polarizers with nonrectangular grooves to be used in high power millimeter wave transmission lines for electron cyclotron heating (ECH) of fusion plasmas. A low-powe...

The invention is a mechanism for retaining an electrical transmission line. In one embodiment of the invention it is a system for retaining an electrical transmission line within down hole components. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the system includes a plurality of downhole components, such as sections of pipe in a drill string. The system also includes a coaxial cable running between the first and second end of a drill pipe, the coaxial cable having a conductive tube and a conductive core within it. The invention allows the electrical transmission line to with stand the tension and compression of drill pipe during routine drilling cycles.

Federal Laboratory Technology Transfer Fiscal Year 2008 Prepared by: National Institute to submit this fiscal year 2008 Technology Transfer Summary Report to the President and the Congress transfer authorities established by the Technology Transfer Commercialization Act of 2000 (P.L. 106

Wireless Power Transfer is an innovative approach using magnetic resonance coupling of air core transformers designed for today's growing plug-in electric vehicle market. This technology can provide a convenient, safe and flexible means to charge electric vehicles under stationary and dynamic conditions. Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) are burdened by the need for cable and plug charger, galvanic isolation of the on-board electronics, bulk and cost of this charger and the large energy storage system (ESS) packs needed. With a system where you have to physically plug in there are a number of occasions where the owner could very well forget to charge the vehicle. For stationary applications (like charging of a PHEV at home), ORNL's innovative wireless power transfer technology adds a convenience factor compared to actually plugging in which will mean that the vehicle will have a full charge every morning. Electric vehicle charging must be safe, compact and efficient in order to be convenient for customers. By reconfiguring the transformer and altering the resonance frequency, energy is transferred to the battery with lower energy losses and with fewer demands on the primary circuit by the rest of the transformer system. The ORNL discovery shows that sufficient power for the battery can be transferred from the primary to secondary circuits without significant energy losses if the operating frequency is set at 50% to 95% of the resonance frequency of the circuit. The electrical power is then transmitted to the chargeable battery, which is electrically coupled to the secondary circuit through the air core transformer. Some advantages include: Reduced energy losses during transfer of energy to the battery; A charge potential that is relatively unaffected by up to 25% misalignment of vehicle; and Other receiving components draw less power from the primary circuit. These advantages allow wireless power technology applications to expand at the workplace and beyond as the demand for EV rises. For vehicles that operate over a fixed route such as busses and shuttle vehicles, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) means that a smaller battery pack can be used. In the traditional system, the battery pack is designed to accommodate the needs of the entire route or shift. With WPT the battery can be downsized because it can be charged when the vehicle stops on its route (a rental car shuttle bus, for example, can charge when it waits in the terminal and again when it waits at the rental car place. Thus the battery only needs enough charge to get to the next stop. This decrease in battery size means significant cost savings to electrify the vehicle. This technology enables efficient "opportunity charging stations" for predefined routes and planned stops reducing down time. Charging can occur in minutes. This improvement also eliminates the harmful emissions that occur in garages while buses are at idle during charging. In larger cities, dynamic charging offers an even greater impact utilizing existing infrastructure. As vehicles travel along busy freeways and interstate systems, wireless charging can occur while the vehicle is in motion. With this technology a vehicle essentially has unlimited electric range while using a relatively small battery pack. In-motion charging stations use vehicle sensors to alert the driver. Traveling at normal speeds, sensors establish in-motion charging. WPT transmit pads sequentially energize to the negotiated power level based on vehicle speed and its requested charging energy. Lower power when vehicle speed is slow and much higher power for faster moving vehicles. Vehicle to Infrastructure communications (V2I) coordinates WPT charging level according to on-board battery pack state-of-charge. V2I activates the roadway transmit pads placing them in standby mode and negotiates charging fee based on prevailing grid rate and vehicle energy demand. Dynamic charging would allow electricity to supply a very large fraction of the energy for the transportation sector and reduce greatly petroleum consump

Planning Planning Transmission Planning Modernizing America's electricity infrastructure is one of the U.S. Department of Energy's top priorities. The National Transmission Grid Study (PDF 2.0 MB) made clear that without dramatic improvements and upgrades over the next decade our nation's transmission system will fall short of the reliability standards our economy requires, and will result in higher electricity costs to consumers. The Department's research into a variety of tools that will improve advanced system monitoring, visualization, control, operations, and market structure will ultimately modernize the electricity transmission infrastructure to ease congestion, allow for increases in demand, and provide a greater degree of security. The next generation supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and

Compressed video bitstream transmissions over wireless networks are addressed in this work. We first consider error control and power allocation for transmitting wireless video over CDMA networks in conjunction with multiuser detection. We map a...

Section 216(a) of the Federal Power Act, as amended by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, directs the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to conduct a study every three years on electric transmission congestion and constraints within the Eastern and Western Interconnections. The American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 (Recovery Act) further directed the Secretary to include in the 2009 Congestion Study an analysis of significant potential sources of renewable energy that are constrained by lack of adequate transmission capacity. Based on this study, and comments concerning it from states and other stakeholders, the Secretary of Energy may designate any geographic area experiencing electric transmission capacity constraints or congestion as a national interest electric transmission corridor (National Corridor).

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

TransferTransfer Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Dynamic Transfer The provision of the real-time monitoring, telemetering, computer software, hardware, communications, engineering, energy accounting (including inadvertent interchange), and administration required to electronically move all or a portion of the real energy services associated with a generator or load out of one Balancing Authority Area into another. Economic Dispatch The allocation of demand to individual generating units on line to effect the most economical production of electricity.[1] Related Terms energy, electricity generation, sustainability, smart grid, Balancing Authority, Balancing Authority Area References â†‘ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inlin LikeLike UnlikeLike

In this short Note we report a method for producing samples containing two nano-sized slits suitable for demonstrating to undergraduate and graduate students the double-slit electron interference experiment in a conventional transmissionelectron microscope.

We construct here a Lagrangian field formulation for a system consisting of an electron beam interacting with a slow-wave structure modeled by a possibly non-uniform multiple transmission line (MTL). In the case of a single line we recover the linear model of a traveling wave tube due to J. R. Pierce. Since a properly chosen MTL can approximate a real waveguide structure with any desired accuracy, the proposed model can be used in particular for design optimization. Furthermore, the Lagrangian formulation provides: (i) a clear identification of the mathematical source of amplification, (ii) exact expressions for the conserved energy and its flux distributions obtained from the Noether theorem. In the case of uniform MTLs we carry out an exhaustive analysis of eigenmodes and find sharp conditions on the parameters of the system to provide for amplifying regimes.

We construct here a Lagrangian field formulation for a system consisting of an electron beam interacting with a slow-wave structure modeled by a possibly non-uniform multiple transmission line (MTL). In the case of a single line we recover the linear model of a traveling wave tube (TWT) due to J.R. Pierce. Since a properly chosen MTL can approximate a real waveguide structure with any desired accuracy, the proposed model can be used in particular for design optimization. Furthermore, the Lagrangian formulation provides for: (i) a clear identification of the mathematical source of amplification, (ii) exact expressions for the conserved energy and its flux distributions obtained from the Noether theorem. In the case of uniform MTLs we carry out an exhaustive analysis of eigenmodes and find sharp conditions on the parameters of the system to provide for amplifying regimes.

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

In this paper, we show how the electromagnetic phenomena in moving magnetodielectric media can be emulated using artificial composite structures at rest. In particular, we introduce nonreciprocal periodically loaded transmission lines which support waves obeying the same rules as plane electromagnetic waves in moving media. Because the actual physical structure is at rest, in these transmission lines there are no fundamental limitations on the velocity values, which may take values larger than the speed of light or even complex values (considering complex amplitudes in the time-harmonic regime). An example circuit of a unit cell of a "moving" transmission line is presented and analyzed both numerically and experimentally. The special case of composite right/left handed host line is also studied numerically. Besides the fundamental interest, the study is relevant for potential applications in realizing engineered materials for various transformations of electromagnetic fields.

Data Transfer Nodes Data Transfer Nodes Data Transfer Nodes Overview The data transfer nodes are NERSC servers dedicated to performing transfers between NERSC data storage resources such as HPSS and the NERSC Global Filesystem (NGF), and storage resources at other sites including the Leadership Computing Facility at ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). These nodes are being managed (and monitored for performance) as part of a collaborative effort between ESnet, NERSC, and ORNL to enable high performance data movement over the high-bandwidth 10Gb ESnet wide-area network (WAN). Restrictions In order to keep the data transfer nodes performing optimally for data transfers, we request that users restrict interactive use of these systems to tasks that are related to preparing data for transfer or are directly

The choice of heat transfer fluids has significant effects on the performance, cost, and reliability of solar thermal systems. In this chapter, we evaluate existing heat transfer fluids such as oils and molten salts based ...

In previous chapters we learned that a phase-transfer catalyst must have two particular chemical functions to be successful, that is, it must rapidly transfer one of the reactant species into the normal phase ...

on the grain boundary sliding and grain rotation while the grain boundary interacting with dislocations [7-9]. The discoveries of new nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, nanowires and graphene have shown large potential impacts in the developments... with nanometer sized width [18]. Next, graphene nanosheet or thin film can be explained as a two dimensional nanostructured material with nanosized thickness [12, 19]. And finally, bulk nanostructed material can be exampled as a three dimensional...

of one of these health care processes Â­ the prescription processing system. The UK NHS came into being.W.Chadwick@salford.ac.uk Abstract: The United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS) is about to commence upon major computerisationD in the field of Internet Security. This has involved research (2000-2003) in the development of secure health

Federal Laboratory Technology Transfer Fiscal Year 2007 Prepared by: National Institute to present to the President and the Congress this Federal Laboratory Technology Transfer Report summarizing the achievements of Federal technology transfer and partnering programs of the Federal research and development

Federal Laboratory Technology Transfer Fiscal Year 2009 Prepared by: National Institute to submit this fiscal year 2009 Technology Transfer Summary Report to the President and the Congress in accordance with 15 USC Sec 3710(g)(2) for an annual summary on the implementation of technology transfer

Journal of Heat Transfer Guest Editorial We are indeed delighted in bringing out this special issue was showcased in diverse areas such as traditional heat and mass transfer, lab-on-chip, sensors, biomedical applica- tions, micromixers, fuel cells, and microdevices. Selected papers in the field of heat transfer

A multiple forward speed automatic transmission produces its lowest forward speed ratio when a hydraulic clutch and hydraulic brake are disengaged and a one-way clutch connects a ring gear to the transmission casing. Second forward speed ratio results when the hydraulic clutch is engaged to connect the ring gear to the planetary carrier of a second gear set. Reverse drive and regenerative operation result when an hydraulic brake fixes the planetary and the direction of power flow is reversed. Various sensors produce signals representing the torque at the output of the transmission or drive wheels, the speed of the power source, and the hydraulic pressure applied to a clutch and brake. A control algorithm produces input data representing a commanded upshift, a commanded downshift, a commanded transmission output torque, and commanded power source speed. A microprocessor processes the inputs and produces a response to them in accordance with the execution of a control algorithm. Output or response signals cause selective engagement and disengagement of the clutch and brake at a rate that satisfies the requirements for a short gear ratio change and smooth torque transfer between the friction elements.

networks with implantable devices, challenge the conventional assumption that the energy received fromConstrained Codes for Joint Energy and Information Transfer with Receiver Energy Utilization are simultaneously used both for information transmission and for energy transfer. In order to satisfy

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Criteria used to identify Fe2+-Fe3+ and Fe2+-Ti4+ intervalence charge transfer absorption bands in electronic spectra are reviewed and compared to the characteristics of unperturbed Fe2+ crystal field bands and t...

The present invention is for a compact superconducting power transmission cable operating at distribution level voltages. The superconducting cable is a conductor with a number of tapes assembled into a subconductor. These conductors are then mounted co-planarly in an elongated dielectric to produce a 3-phase cable. The arrangement increases the magnetic field parallel to the tapes thereby reducing ac losses.

A heat transfer system for a nuclear reactor. Heat transfer is accomplished within a sealed vapor chamber which is substantially evacuated prior to use. A heat transfer medium, which is liquid at the design operating temperatures, transfers heat from tubes interposed in the reactor primary loop to spaced tubes connected to a steam line for power generation purposes. Heat transfer is accomplished by a two-phase liquid-vapor-liquid process as used in heat pipes. Condensible gases are removed from the vapor chamber through a vertical extension in open communication with the chamber interior.

Formal Methods Technology Transfer: A View from NASA James L. Caldwell Flight Electronics Home Page on the WorldÂ­Wide Web 1 . In this paper I remark on the technology transfer strategy and its Formal Methods Home Page on the WorldÂ­Wide Web. In this paper we concentrate on aspects of technology

Thermal Sciences The thermal sciences area involves the study of energy conversion and transmission in virtually all energy conversion devices and systems. One may think of the jet engine as a mechanical device, power generation, the flow of liquids and gases, and the transfer of thermal energy (heat) by means

1 - The Bounded Re-transmission Protocol is a file transfer protocol - This is a problem dealing to handle that problem: timers. - We would like to see how we can formalize such timers #12;The Bounded. #12;Abortion of Protocol at the Sender Site 6 - The Sender can re-transmit the same data at most M

- The Bounded Re-transmission Protocol is a file transfer protocol - This is a problem dealing with fault that problem: timers. - We would like to see how we can formalize such timers #12;The Bounded Retransmission that the Receiver does not confuse (?) a new data with a retransmitted one. #12;Abortion of Protocol at the Sender

A process for forming complex microelectromechanical (MEM) devices having five layers or levels of polysilicon, including four structural polysilicon layers wherein mechanical elements can be formed, and an underlying polysilicon layer forming a voltage reference plane. A particular type of MEM device that can be formed with the five-level polysilicon process is a MEM transmission for controlling or interlocking mechanical power transfer between an electrostatic motor and a self-assembling structure (e.g. a hinged pop-up mirror for use with an incident laser beam). The MEM transmission is based on an incomplete gear train and a bridging set of gears that can be moved into place to complete the gear train to enable power transfer. The MEM transmission has particular applications as a safety component for surety, and for this purpose can incorporate a pin-in-maze discriminator responsive to a coded input signal.

transfers such as SN2 reaction^.^ With a few exception^,^" it is usually assumed that the force constant k for electron-transfer rate-reaction free energy gap behavior are discussed. Introduction In the presence; examples include electron-transfer reactions,' time-dependent fluorescence,*and heavy particle charge

...infections. The lack of intrahospital transmission may reflect a fundamental difference between day-to-day transmission events in...no further review was performed on that pair. Next, the electronic medical records of both patients in the isolate pair were...

Robust and reliable transmission and distribution networks are essential to achieving the Administration's clean energy goals, including the development, integration, and delivery of new renewable and other low-carbon resources in the electricity sector, and the use of these resources to displace petroleum-based fuels in the transportation sector. OE is helping to strengthen the capabilities for long-term analysis and planning in the three interconnections serving the lower 48 United States.

A nuclear fuel bundle fuel transfer system includes a transfer pool containing water at a level above a reactor core. A fuel transfer machine therein includes a carriage disposed in the transfer pool and under the water for transporting fuel bundles. The carriage is selectively movable through the water in the transfer pool and individual fuel bundles are carried vertically in the carriage. In a preferred embodiment, a first movable bridge is disposed over an upper pool containing the reactor core, and a second movable bridge is disposed over a fuel storage pool, with the transfer pool being disposed therebetween. A fuel bundle may be moved by the first bridge from the reactor core and loaded into the carriage which transports the fuel bundle to the second bridge which picks up the fuel bundle and carries it to the fuel storage pool. 6 figures.

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

A nuclear fuel bundle fuel transfer system includes a transfer pool containing water at a level above a reactor core. A fuel transfer machine therein includes a carriage disposed in the transfer pool and under the water for transporting fuel bundles. The carriage is selectively movable through the water in the transfer pool and individual fuel bundles are carried vertically in the carriage. In a preferred embodiment, a first movable bridge is disposed over an upper pool containing the reactor core, and a second movable bridge is disposed over a fuel storage pool, with the transfer pool being disposed therebetween. A fuel bundle may be moved by the first bridge from the reactor core and loaded into the carriage which transports the fuel bundle to the second bridge which picks up the fuel bundle and carries it to the fuel storage pool.

Methods and apparatus are provided for fabricating and constructing solid dielectric "Coiled Transmission Line" pulse generators in radial or axial coiled geometries. The pour and cure fabrication process enables a wide variety of geometries and form factors. The volume between the conductors is filled with liquid blends of monomers, polymers, oligomers, and/or cross-linkers and dielectric powders; and then cured to form high field strength and high dielectric constant solid dielectric transmission lines that intrinsically produce ideal rectangular high voltage pulses when charged and switched into matched impedance loads. Voltage levels may be increased by Marx and/or Blumlein principles incorporating spark gap or, preferentially, solid state switches (such as optically triggered thyristors) which produce reliable, high repetition rate operation. Moreover, these Marxed pulse generators can be DC charged and do not require additional pulse forming circuitry, pulse forming lines, transformers, or an a high voltage spark gap output switch. The apparatus accommodates a wide range of voltages, impedances, pulse durations, pulse repetition rates, and duty cycles. The resulting mobile or flight platform friendly cylindrical geometric configuration is much more compact, light-weight, and robust than conventional linear geometries, or pulse generators constructed from conventional components. Installing additional circuitry may accommodate optional pulse shape improvements. The Coiled Transmission Lines can also be connected in parallel to decrease the impedance, or in series to increase the pulse length.

Service Service Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Transmission Service Services provided to the Transmission Customer by the Transmission Service Provider to move energy from a Point of Receipt to a Point of Delivery.[1] Related Terms transmission lines, Transmission Customer, Transmission Service Provider, transmission line References â†‘ Glossary of Terms Used in Reliability Standards An inl LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. ine Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Transmission_Service&oldid=480302" Categories: Definitions ISGAN Definitions What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load)

Arizonaâ€Ž | Transmission Arizonaâ€Ž | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ArizonaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In Arizona, the state has the authority to site high-voltage transmission lines. A public service corporation would need to obtain a Certificate of Environmental Compatibility (CEC) from the Arizona Power Plant and Transmission Line Siting Committee that is "affirmed and approved" by the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC). State Siting Act Arizona Revised Statute (A.R.S.)Â§ 40-360 et seq. State Preemptive Authority If the Transmission Line Siting Committee (TLSC) finds that compliance with local ordinances, master plan or regulation is unreasonably restrictive and compliance is not feasible in view of technology available, then the TLSC may grant a certificate.[1]

on the transmission owning utilities by several parties, primary distribution cooperatives, cogenerators, and large industrial customers, to grant wider access to the system. This pressure is coming at a time when transmission lines are becoming increasingly difficult...

Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild Skip Navigation Links Transmission Functions Infrastructure projects Interconnection OASIS OATT Estes-Flatiron Transmission Line Rebuild Project Western Area Power Administration proposes to rebuild approximately 32 miles of double wood-pole structure 115-kilovolt transmission line that exists between Estes Park and Flatiron Reservoir in Larimer County, Colo. The proposal would remove 16 miles of transmission line, and modernize 16 miles to steel-pole double-circuit 115-kV transmission line. The reduction and modernizing of transmission lines will occur on Federal, state and private lands. The public parcels are administered by the Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forest, which is a cooperating agency in the project.

About the Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Management About the Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Management Department The Technology Transfer Department helps move technologies from the Lab to the marketplace to benefit society and the U. S. economy. We accomplish this through developing and managing an array of partnerships with the private and public sectors. What We Do We license a wide range of cutting-edge technologies to companies that have the financial, R & D, manufacturing, marketing, and managerial capabilities to successfully commercialize Lab inventions. In addition, we manage lab-industry research partnerships, ensure that inventions receive appropriate patent or copyright protection, license technology to start-up companies, distribute royalties to the Lab and to inventors and serve as

About Technology Transfer About Technology Transfer Through technology partnerships, NREL seeks to reduce private sector risk and enable investment in the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. The transfer of these technologies to the marketplace helps displace oil, reduce carbon emissions, and increase U.S. industry competitiveness. Principles NREL develops and implements technology partnerships based on the standards established by the following principles: Balancing Public and Private Interest Form partnerships that serve the public interest and advance U.S. Department of Energy goals. Demonstrate appropriate stewardship of publicly funded assets, yielding national benefits. Provide value to the commercial partner. Focusing on Outcomes Develop mutually beneficial collaborations through processes, which are

As heat transfer technology increases in complexity, it becomes more difficult for those without thermal dynamics engineering training to choose between competitive heat transfer systems offered to meet their drying requirements. A step back to the basics of heat transfer can help professional managers and papermakers make informed decisions on alternative equipment and methods. The primary forms of heat and mass transfer are reviewed with emphasis on the basics, so a practical understanding of each is gained. Finally, the principles and benefits of generating infrared energy by combusting a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel are explained.

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Distributed, generation, demand response, distributed storage, smart appliances, electric vehicles and renewable energy resources are expected to play a key part in the transformation of the American power system. Control, coordination and compensation of these smart grid assets are inherently interlinked. Advanced control strategies to warrant large-scale penetration of distributed smart grid assets do not currently exist. While many of the smart grid technologies proposed involve assets being deployed at the distribution level, most of the significant benefits accrue at the transmission level. The development of advanced smart grid simulation tools, such as GridLAB-D, has led to a dramatic improvement in the models of smart grid assets available for design and evaluation of smart grid technology. However, one of the main challenges to quantifying the benefits of smart grid assets at the transmission level is the lack of tools and framework for integrating transmission and distribution technologies into a single simulation environment. Furthermore, given the size and complexity of the distribution system, it is crucial to be able to represent the behavior of distributed smart grid assets using reduced-order controllable models and to analyze their impacts on the bulk power system in terms of stability and reliability. The objectives of the project were to: • Develop a simulation environment for integrating transmission and distribution control, • Construct reduced-order controllable models for smart grid assets at the distribution level, • Design and validate closed-loop control strategies for distributed smart grid assets, and • Demonstrate impact of integrating thousands of smart grid assets under closed-loop control demand response strategies on the transmission system. More specifically, GridLAB-D, a distribution system tool, and PowerWorld, a transmission planning tool, are integrated into a single simulation environment. The integrated environment allows the load flow interactions between the bulk power system and end-use loads to be explicitly modeled. Power system interactions are modeled down to time intervals as short as 1-second. Another practical issue is that the size and complexity of typical distribution systems makes direct integration with transmission models computationally intractable. Hence, the focus of the next main task is to develop reduced-order controllable models for some of the smart grid assets. In particular, HVAC units, which are a type of Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs), are considered. The reduced-order modeling approach can be extended to other smart grid assets, like water heaters, PVs and PHEVs. Closed-loop control strategies are designed for a population of HVAC units under realistic conditions. The proposed load controller is fully responsive and achieves the control objective without sacrificing the end-use performance. Finally, using the T&D simulation platform, the benefits to the bulk power system are demonstrated by controlling smart grid assets under different demand response closed-loop control strategies.

Abstract We carry out experimental studies of turbulent convective heat transfer of several n-decane-in-water nanoemulsions and micelles-in-water fluids. We characterize the viscosity and thermal properties of the nanofluids, and the nanoparticle distributions and shapes with various techniques, including transmissionelectron microscopy. We find that the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids is lower than that of the base fluid, and the conductivity shows no anomalous behavior. Despite this we find that the average Nusselt numbers and convective heat transfer coefficients are enhanced for low volume fractions when the Reynolds number Re > 7000, in agreement with solid particle nanofluids. However, when the pressure losses are taken into account, we find that the nanofluids studied have a practical efficiency equal to or less than that of the base fluid. The highest heat transfer enhancements were obtained with volume fractions considerably smaller than those for the solid particle nanofluids. Our results indicate that the improved heat transfer is due to enhancement of turbulence in the large Re regime.

Current regulatory policy distinguishes transmission investments that have primarily economic benefits from those that primarily enhance reliability. But no such dichotomy exists; congestion and reliability are inter-related in complex ways. Thus, solving the transmission investment problem is more complex than ''fixing'' merchant transmission; investment in the grid must be treated as a systems problem. (author)

Spectral Theory for Nonconservative Transmission Line Networks Robert Carlson Department The global theory of transmission line networks with nonconserva- tive junction conditions is developed from is determined. Specialized results are developed for rational graphs. 1 #12;1 Introduction The transmission line

iTEAM iTEAM The in situ TransmissionElectron Aberration Corrected Microscope (iTEAM) is a proposed project to develop a microscope with powerful capabilities for in situ studies of materials in their native environment. iTEAM will build on the success of the TEAM project by utilizing both spherical and chromatic aberration correction in an electron microscope to provide unprecedented capabilities to study materials in controlled environments of temperature, pressure, or fluidic states with the high-resolution in imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy typical of electron probes. The capabilities of iTEAM will lead to new ways to understand the behavior of materials in native environments, with particular relevance to major energy initiatives such as catalysis, solar conversion, fuel cells, and batteries. In addition, iTEAM will provide new capabilities to understand organic/inorganic interfaces, functionalized nanoparticles, and biomaterials under natural conditions.

An apparatus for electron multiplication by transmission that is designed with at least one foil having a front side for receiving incident particles and a back side for transmitting secondary electrons that are produced from the incident particles transiting through the foil. The foil thickness enables the incident particles to travel through the foil and continue on to an anode or to a next foil in series with the first foil. The foil, or foils, and anode are contained within a supporting structure that is attached within an evacuated enclosure. An electrical power supply is connected to the foil, or foils, and the anode to provide an electrical field gradient effective to accelerate negatively charged incident particles and the generated secondary electrons through the foil, or foils, to the anode for collection.

Injection of Electrons and Holes into Nanostructures Injection of Electrons and Holes into Nanostructures This program targets fundamental understanding of nanoscale charge transfer processes. The proposed work draws on the strengths of the Brookhaven Chemistry Department in the areas of electrontransfer experiment and theory, and extends the area of inquiry to nanoscale processes. Electron/hole injection into a wire, a nanocrystal, a nanotube or other nanostructure in solution may be brought about by light absorption, by an electron pulse (pulse radiolysis, LEAF), by a chemical reagent, or through an electrode. These processes are being studied by transient methods by following conductivity, current, but most generally, spectroscopic changes in the solutions to determine the dynamics of charge injection. The observed transient spectra can also provide values for electron-transfer coupling elements and energetics. Theoretical/computational studies can help in materials design and in the interpretation of the experimental results. The experimental systems being examined include molecular wires and metal nanoclusters.

SunZia Southwest Transmission Project SunZia Southwest Transmission Project Comments Provided to the US Department of Energy Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability Request for Information Relating to the Permitting of Transmission Lines Submitted as of March 28, 2012 2 1.0 Background. SunZia Southwest Transmission Project (SunZia or the Project) is a joint development effort currently underway in Arizona and New Mexico. The Project definition includes licensing, permitting, financing, constructing and operating up to two 500 kilovolt alternating current (AC) transmission lines and up to five interconnecting substations.

Roadmap Roadmap < Arizonaâ€Ž | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ArizonaTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The flowcharts listed below cover the major requirements for developing transmission - both interconnects and major, multi-jurisdictional lines - including, land access, siting, and relevant environmental considerations. Reading the Roadmap The flowcharts are divided into General, Federal, and State columns to allow for ease of use. To use the flowcharts, start with General Flowchart for Section 8: Transmission. The General Flowchart will lead you to the

Sample records for transfer electronic transmission from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "transfer electronic transmission" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Since the previous Debrecen workshop on High-Energy Ion-Atom Collisions there have been numerous experiments and substantial theoretical developments in the fields of fast ion-atom and ion- solid collisions concerned with explicating the previously largely underappreciated role of electrons as ionizing and exciting agents in such collisions. Examples to be discussed include the double electron ionization problem in He; transfer ionization by protons in He; double excitation in He; backward scattering of electrons in He; the role of electron-electron interaction in determining beta parameters for ELC; projectile K ionization by target electrons; electron spin exchange in transfer excitation; electron impact ionization in crystal channels; resonant coherent excitation in crystal channels; excitation and dielectronic recombination in crystal channels; resonant transfer and excitation; the similarity of recoil ion spectra observed in coincidence with electron capture vs. electron loss; and new research on ion-atom collisions at relativistic energies.

Software Tools for Technology Transfer manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Editorial W This marks the inaugural issue of the SpringerÂ­Verlag journal Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT. This aim goes hand in hand with the technology transfer support offered by the related Electronic Tool

Planning of an HVDC transmission system embedded into an existing ac network may require unique control and converter equipment capability in order to satisfy stability requirements of the network. The planning and design of the Intermountain Power Project HVDC transmission system are based on unique control performance features for power transfers during terminal ac faults, rapid power recovery following fault clearing and utilization of exceptionally high transient overload capability of 2 per unit during the post-fault period to maintain system stability. The Department, in its efforts to meet the Western Systems Coordinating Council's (WSCC) reliability criteria, developed and incorporated into its HVDC specifications very rigorous reliability and availability requirements. One objective of this project was to attain the unusually low bipolar converter system outage frequency goal of one outage in five years to achieve a bipole performance rating equivalent to two ac circuits of similar capability. The reliability goals of this project have provided one of the impetus for revisions to the WSCC Reliability Criteria for System Design. The reliability goals and other features adopted for the Intermountain HVDC transmission system are discussed in this paper and study results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of various controls implemented as stability enhancement techniques.

TransfersTransfersTransfersTransfer means a change of an employee, from one Federal government branch (executive, legislative, judicial) to another or from one agency to another without a break in service of 1 full work day. Below are a few tips to better assist you when you transer agencies: If you have any dependents you must complete a standard Form 2809 during new employee orientation as this information does not transfer over automatically. You will not be able to change your coverage until open season or a life changing event occurs. At the time of new employee orientation you must provide your most recent leave and earning statement (LES) so that your leave may be updated accordingly. If you do not provide us with this document it will take approximately 6 weeks before your annual and sick leave is updated.

Â» Data Transfer Examples Â» Data Transfer Examples Data Transfer Examples Moving data to Projectb Projectb is where data should be written from jobs running on the cluster or Gpints. There are intermediate files or bad results from a run that didn't work out that don't need to be saved. By running these jobs in the SCRATCH areas, these files will be deleted for you by the puge. If you run in the SANDBOX, you will have to clean up after yourselves. Batch Scheduled Transfers Use any queues to schedule jobs that move data to Projectb. A basic transfer script is here: kmfagnan@genepool12 ~ $ cat data_to_projb.sh #!/bin/bash -l #$ -N data2projb /projectb/scratch// kmfagnan@genepool12 ~ $ qsub data_to_projb.sh

We obtain the solutions for the tunneling zone of a one-dimensional electrostatic potential in the relativistic (Dirac to Klein-Gordon) wave equation regime when the incoming wave packet exhibits the possibility of being almost totally transmitted through the potential barrier. The conditions for the occurrence of accelerated and, eventually, superluminal tunneling transmission probabilities are all quantified and the problematic superluminal interpretation originated from the study based on non-relativistic dynamics of tunneling is overcome. The treatment of the problem suggests revealing insights into condensed-matter experiments using electrostatic barriers in single- and bi-layer graphene, for which the accelerated tunneling effect deserves a more careful investigation.

A record number of contamination related outages occurred on FPL transmission lines during Christmas of 1991 and resulted in an investigation of inservice insulator performance. The field investigation process used was enhanced by recent improvements in outage data recording. Also used in the analysis were weather information, the results of recently completed accelerated aging tests of polymers, and specially conducted tests on the effects of weathering steel stain on porcelain insulators. Specific insulator problems were identified and actions taken to reduce the possibility of recurrence.

A method and apparatus for forming shaped voltage pulses uses passive reflection from a transmission line with nonuniform impedance. The impedance of the reflecting line varies with length in accordance with the desired pulse shape. A high voltage input pulse is transmitted to the reflecting line. A reflected pulse is produced having the desired shape and is transmitted by pulse removal means to a load. Light activated photoconductive switches made of silicon can be utilized. The pulse shaper can be used to drive a Pockels cell to produce shaped optical pulses.

Idaho/Transmission/Roadmap Idaho/Transmission/Roadmap < Idahoâ€Ž | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search IdahoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database The flowcharts listed below cover the major requirements for developing transmission - both interconnects and major, multi-jurisdictional lines - including, land access, siting, and relevant environmental considerations. Reading the Roadmap The flowcharts are divided into General, Federal, and State columns to allow for ease of use. To use the flowcharts, start with General Flowchart for Section 8: Transmission. The General Flowchart will lead you to the

Idahoâ€Ž | Transmission Idahoâ€Ž | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search IdahoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In Idaho, the state's siting authority is limited to siting approvals on state property, and high voltage transmission lines (115kV or greater) within a National Interstate Electric Transmission Corridor (NIETC). Under these circumstances a Route Permit would be required by the Idaho Public Utilities Commission (IPUC); however, no such corridors have been designated and therefore the process has not been tested. Local governments

Colorado/Transmission/Summary Colorado/Transmission/Summary < Coloradoâ€Ž | Transmission Jump to: navigation, search ColoradoTransmissionHeader.png Roadmap Agency Links Local Regulations State Regulations Summary General Transmission Dashboard Permitting Atlas Compare States Arizona California Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Oregon Utah Washington Wyoming Resource Library NEPA Database Transmission Permitting at a Glance In Colorado, local governments (counties and municipalities) have the authority to site high-voltage transmission lines. The State's authority in siting is limited to a backstop appeal process, by which utilities may submit an appeal to local government decisions to the Colorado Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) for review and resolution. State Siting Act None State Preemptive Authority The CPUC has backstop authority only. If a permit is denied by the local government, the applicant may appeal to the CPUC if certain conditions are met (CRS 29-20-108).

In April 1996, the Federal Regulatory Commission (PERC) approved Orders 888 and 889 and released a draft rule for public comment on capacity reservation tariffs (CRTs). Order No. 888 requires electric utilities to file transmission tariffs that would allow transmission access to third parties who want to conduct wholesale transactions, and Order No. 889 requires transmission-owning utilities to set up open access, same-time information systems (OASIS), using commercial software and Internet protocols. This paper discusses these Orders in detail, as well as some of the issues before FERC with implications for renewables, which include: transmission pricing; transmission terms and conditions; reassignment of transmission capacity; defining state and FERC jurisdiction over transmission and distribution; the pricing of ancillary services; and the adoption and implementation of independent system operators.

This report contains papers on electron, photon, ion, atom, and molecules collisions. Also included are papers from the following symposiums: correlated transfer/excitation and autoionization; collisions with cold particles; collisions involving positrons; and supercomputational collision physics. (LSP)

VOLUNTARY LEAVE TRANSFER PROGRAM VOLUNTARY LEAVE TRANSFER PROGRAM (Eligible employees are listed at the end of this narrative) Under the Voluntary Leave Transfer Program you can apply, based on a medical emergency, to receive annual leave donated by other employees. A medical emergency is generally defined as a medical condition of the employee or family member that is likely to keep you (the employee) away from work and cause a loss of pay of at least 24 hours. You are required to submit an Office of Personnel Management (OPM) Form 630, Application to Become A Leave Recipient Under the Voluntary Leave Transfer Program, through your supervisor to be considered for the program. The application must include an explanation of the reason the donation is needed (including a brief description of the