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(1794-1886), German historian of Jewish literature; studied at Berlin University and University of Halle; newspaper editor and teacher; founded Society for Jewish Culture and Science (1819); hoped greater understanding of Jewish history, literature, and culture would lead to general acceptance of Jews; wrote biography of medieval commentator Rashi, historical analysis of Jewish homiletics, work that placed Jewish literary activity in context of European literature and politics, and three works on Jewish liturgy.