Thompson William R WR Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, - - 2014

The musculoskeletal system is largely regulated through dynamic physical activity and is compromised by cessation of physical loading. There is a need to recreate the anabolic effects of loading on the musculoskeletal system, especially in frail individuals who cannot exercise. Vibration therapy is designed to be a nonpharmacological analogue of ...

The aim of this study was to simultaneously assess the changes in physiology, and kinematic and spatiotemporal features of gait, during prolonged load carriage in individuals without load carriage experience. Eleven males, representative of new military recruits, walked for 120 min at 5.5 km h(- 1), 0% grade, on a motorised treadmill while carrying ...

Effects of load-bearing exercise on skeletal structure and mechanical properties can vary between inbred strains of mice. Here, we examine whether such variation also exists at the population level. An experiment was performed with two outbred mouse stocks that have been reproductively isolated for >120 generations (Hsd:ICR, Crl:CD1). Growing females ...

We examined the effects of listening to music on time to exhaustion and psychophysiological responses during moderate-intensity exercise performed in fatigued and non-fatigued conditions. Fourteen healthy men performed moderate-intensity exercise (60% Wmax) until exhaustion under four different conditions: with and without pre-fatigue (induced by 100 drop jumps) and listening and ...

The expression of transient receptor potential cation channel V5 (TRPV5) in articular cartilage cells under normal and exercise loading conditions was measured, and the clinical significance, in order to define its role in the formation of articular cartilage tissues was analyzed. In normal and osteoarthritis (OA) Sprague Dawley rats the ...

Although primarily considered a disorder of the elderly, emerging evidence suggests the antecedents of osteoporosis are established during childhood and adolescence. A complex interplay of genetic, environmental, hormonal and behavioral factors determines skeletal development, and a greater effort is needed to identify the most critical factors that establish peak bone ...

Triceps surae eccentric exercise is more effective than concentric exercise for treating Achilles tendinopathy, however the mechanisms underpinning these effects are unclear. This study compared the biomechanical characteristics of eccentric and concentric exercises to identify differences in the tendon load response. Twelve healthy volunteers performed eccentric and concentric exercises on ...

The objective of this study was to quantify the transverse forces in skeletal muscle subjected to constant compressive massage-like loading (MLL) following eccentric exercise (ECC). Twenty-eight New Zealand White rabbits were used for this two-part study. For all testing, a customized electromechanical device was utilized to apply a constant compressive ...

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of aquatic exercise on fatigue and the quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis (MS). This randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in a multiple sclerosis clinic in Iran, where 37 outpatient women with MS were randomized into ...

Yamany Tammer T Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Urology, New York, New York, United States ; - - 2014

Purpose: To examine the effect of a 24-hour call on resident performance of a suturing task using the objective results calculated by the da Vinci Skills Simulator (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA). Subjects and Methods: Residents from urology and general surgery completed a single suturing skill immediately before and after a ...

As our society becomes increasingly sedentary, compliance with exercise regimens that require numerous high-energy activities each week become less likely. Alternatively, given an osteogenic exercise intervention that required minimal effort, it is reasonable to presume that participation would be enhanced. Insertion of brief rest-intervals between each cycle of mechanical loading ...

Resistance exercise is an effective countermeasure to the muscle and bone atrophy associated with the unloading experienced during spaceflight. Accordingly, the Controlled Resistance Exercise Device (C-RED) developed for NASA uses an electric motor for resistance and capitalizes upon a two-to-one mechanical advantage by loading only one side of the barbell. ...

Estrogen receptor α (ER α) is one of candidate genes for osteoporosis. This study examined the influence of ER α gene, PvuII, and XbaI genotypes on bone density of calcaneus in response to habitual exercise. ER α polymorphisms were detected using PvuII and XbaI restriction enzymes in 316 Japanese postmenopausal ...

Individuals with bipolar disorder lead a sedentary lifestyle associated with worse course of illness and recurrence of symptoms. Identifying potentially modifiable predictors of exercise frequency could lead to interventions with powerful consequences on the course of illness and overall health. The present study examines baseline reports of exercise frequency of ...

Exercise has been demonstrated to enhance subsequent insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) by predominantly type II (fast-twitch) muscle of old rats, but previous research has not evaluated exercise effects on GU by type I (slow-twitch) muscle from old rats. Accordingly, we studied male Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats (24 months old) and ...

Carbon dioxide (CO2) rebreathing has been recognised as a concern regarding respirator use and is related to symptoms of discomfort, fatigue, dizziness, headache, muscular weakness and drowsiness. Previous investigations are limited by small sample size and have not evaluated the relationship between CO2 inhalation and phonic respiration (breathing during speech) ...

Oral administration of green tea, black tea, or caffeine (but not the decaffeinated teas) inhibited ultraviolet B radiation (UVB)-induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice. Studies with caffeine indicated that its inhibitory effect on the ATR/Chk1 pathway is an important mechanism for caffeine's inhibition of UVB-induced carcinogenesis. The regular teas or ...

Athletes have changes in the lung epithelial cells caused by inhalation of cold and dry air. The exhaled breath condensate contains a number of mediators from the respiratory system and H(2)O(2) is described as a marker of airways inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ...

Zebrafish provide researchers and students alike with an excellent model of vertebrate nervous system development due to a high degree of conserved developmental mechanisms and transparent embryos that develop in synchrony. In these laboratory exercises, undergraduate students explore cell biological concepts while performing hypothesis-driven novel research utilizing methodologies such as ...

This review focuses on the most important physical and physiological characteristics of karate athletes from the available scientific research. It has been established that karate's top-level performers require a high fitness level. Top-level male karate athletes are typified by low body fat and mesomorphic-ectomorphic somatotype characteristics. Studies dealing with body ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of pulse contour analysis calibrated with lithium dilution in a single device (LiDCO™) for measurement of cardiac output ([Formula: see text]) during exercise in healthy volunteers. We sought to; (a) compare pulse contour analysis (PulseCO) and lithium indicator dilution (LiDCO) ...

Weightlifting is a dynamic strength and power sport in which two, multijoint, whole-body lifts are performed in competition; the snatch and clean and jerk. During the performance of these lifts, weightlifters have achieved some of the highest absolute and relative peak power outputs reported in the literature. The training structure ...

A carbohydrate (CHO) solution consumed before exposure to hypoxia has been reported to reduce arterial oxygen desaturation at rest. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this effect occurred during exercise and when the CHO load is part of a meal. Eleven male subjects (mean age 20.1 ± 1.8 years, BMI ...

In the sport of rowing, increasing the impulse applied to the oar handle during the stroke can result in greater boat velocities; this may be facilitated by increasing the surface area of the oar blade and/or increasing the length of the oars. The purpose of this study was to compare ...

We recently identified physical exercise as a newly defined inducer of autophagy in vivo. Exercise induced autophagy in multiple organs involved in metabolic regulation, such as muscle, liver, pancreas and adipose tissue. To study the physiological role of exercise-induced autophagy, we generated mice with a knock-in nonphosphorylatable mutation in BCL2 ...

It is often reported that females lose less body weight than males in response to exercise. These differences are suggested to be a result of females exhibiting a stronger defence of body fat and a greater compensatory appetite response to exercise than males. PURPOSE: To compare the impact of 12 ...

PURPOSE: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is rapidly becoming more accessible and popular as a technique to monitor body composition, especially in athletic populations. This study investigates the reliability of DXA in measuring body composition of active individuals; specifically to ascertain biological variability associated with two different types of exercise ...

The risk of sudden death is increased in athletes with a male predominance. Regular physical activity increases vagal tone, and may protect against exercise-induced ventricular arrhythmias. We investigated training-related modulations of the autonomic nervous system in female and male endurance athletes. Runners of a 10-mile race were invited. Of 873 ...

PURPOSE: Fish oils and related fatty acid components have anti-inflammatory properties, with beneficial effects against various disorders such as cardiovascular disease. A single bout of exercise can alter immune function. However, the effects of fish oil on immune function after a single bout of exercise are currently unknown. This study ...

Aging could be the cause of inflammation involved in the progression of many degenerative diseases while physical exercise might reduce the inflammation. This study examined the effects of aging versus exercise on serum profiles of cytokines and chemokines in mice models. Male C57BL/6N mice with different ages (2 and 20months ...

Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension are associated with a generalized skeletal myopathy including a proapoptotic phenotype. Current evidence suggests that exercise may alter apoptosis-related signaling in skeletal muscle; however, the effect of exercise on skeletal muscle DNA fragmentation and apoptotic signaling is unclear in hypertensive animals. Male normotensive Wistar Kyoto ...

The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not physiological responses to self-pacing are similar across different exercise modalities where the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is matched. Ten recreationally active adult male subjects completed baseline tests of peak oxygen uptake (.VO2) and subsequently on two separate occasions ...

Human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with unknown etiology and poor prognosis in which patients present a decrease in functional exercise tolerance and quality of life. At present, no treatment which can improve the prognosis of this disease is available. Many biomarkers of pulmonary fibrosis have been studied, ...

ObjectiveSeveral epidemiological studies have shown that regular exercise can prevent the onset of colon cancer, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Myokines are secreted skeletal muscle proteins responsible for some exercise-induced health benefits including metabolic improvement and anti-inflammatory effects in organs. The purpose of this study was to identify new ...

The crosstalk between mTORC1/S6K1 signaling and AMPK is emerging as a powerful and highly regulated way to gauge cellular energy and nutrient content. The aim of the current study was to determine the mechanism by which exercise training reverses lipid-induced insulin resistance and the role of AMPK/mTOR/S6K1 signaling axis in ...

Studies have investigated the effect of exercise on prostate cancer risk. However, there are still doubts regarding the correlation between physical activity and the steroid hormones with respect to the reduction of the risk for prostatic lesions. We evaluated the levels of corticosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone, estradiol, and steroid hormone ...