Wednesday, 30 September 2015

He was born in Dej, Romania. He received rabbinical ordination from the
yeshiva in Rome. He moved to Canada in
1949. He graduated from Sir George
Williams College in Montreal. He
published: Di tsukunft fun medines yisroel,
an ophandlung vegn di ekonomishe meglekhkaytn fun yisroel (The future of
the state of Israel, a treatise on the economic possibilities of Israel) (Montreal,
1953), 91 pp.; Di oyfgabe fun undzer dor,
ṿi azoy mir kenen makhn medines yisroel ekonomish shtark, zikher un zelbstshtendik
(The task of our generation, how we can make the state of Israel economically
strong, secure, and independent) (Montreal, 1954), 16 pp., in pocketbook
format. He was living in Montreal.

She was a worker who made a trip
through a series of European port cities, and her impressions were published in
the book Af der shif “ukraine” arum
eyrope (On the ship “Ukraine” around Europe) with illustrations (Kharkov-Kiev,
1932), 105 pp. Biographical information
remains unknown.

She was born in Lodz, Poland, into a
prominent Zionist family. Her father, V.
Nayman, a brother of the Yiddish writer Yekhezkiel-Moyshe Nayman, was a
long-time leader and councilor in the Lodz Jewish community, selected by the
Mizrachi Party. She graduated from a
Polish Jewish high school in Lodz. She
studied literature and chemistry at Warsaw University. In 1937 she married the Yiddish writer
Yerakhmiel Grin and settled in Warsaw, where they lived until WWII. During the German seizure of Poland, she left
for the Russian-occupied zone of Poland, lived for a time in Kuty (Kitev) and
later in Lemberg, where she worked as a teacher until the German invasion of
Russia. She began publishing Yiddish and
Polish poetry in 1934, initially in Nayer folksblat (New people’s newspaper) in Lodz.
She contributed to Haynt
(Today), Literarishe bleter (Literary
leaves), Foroys (Onward), and Vokhnshrift (Weekly writings) in Warsaw,
as well as in the Polish Jewish Nasz
Przeglad (Our overview) and Opinia
(Opinion) in Warsaw. She wrote a novel
about Jewish student life, which was set to appear in 1939, but remained in manuscript
throughout the war. From 1942 she and
her husband were in the Nazi concentration camp at Janów, near Lemberg, where she
wrote a number of ghetto songs that were sung in various camps. Her song “Mir zitsn bam zamdbreg tsufusns un
trinken lekhayim mitn toyt” (We’re sitting by the edge of the sand and drinking
“to life” with the dead) was one of the most popular songs, sung a many death
camps. The full text was published in Idisher kemfer (Jewish fighter) in New
York (May 16, 1946) and was reprinted in the anthology Kidesh hashem (Sanctification of the name) (New York, 1947) and in
Sh. Katsherginski’s Lider fun getos un
lagern (Songs from ghettos and camps) (New York, 1948), p. 252. She died with her husband in Janów
Concentration Camp. She also published
under the pen names: Hinde Nayman, Hele Grin, and Helene.

He was the author of warning
pamphlets against missionaries, such as Yeshue
hanoytsris lebn (The life of Jesus), “on the false accusation of murder
concerning Jews in the New Testament” (Paterson, 1918), several pages missing; Ver hot oysgetrakht dem kristlekhn gloybn?
(Who thought up Christian beliefs?) (Paterson, 1918), 175 pp.; and A lid fun di ferunglikte shif general slokum
(A poem for the ruined vessel General Slocum) (New York, year of publication and
page numbers unknown). As the author
explained in his preface to one of the pamphlets, he also published in 1898: Yezus der tsimerman (Jesus the
carpenter). Further biographical
information remains unknown.

He was born in Warsaw, Poland, into
a family of wealthy, scholarly Hassidim.
His father Leyb was a leader of Orthodox Jews in Poland and a head of
the Warsaw Jewish community. He received
a rigorous religious education in elementary school and synagogue study
hall. He was a man with a fierce sense
of social justice. Already in synagogue
he was moving closer to the Jewish socialist youth movement of Tsukunft (Future),
of which he later became a prominent leader and member of its Warsaw
committee. He was active as well in the
Jewish trade union movement, in the administration of office employees, the
garment union, and the like. From 1930
until WWII, he worked with the main office of the garment workers in Poland. At that time he began writing about Jewish
laborers and the life of trade unionists for Folkstsaytung (People’s newspaper), Der handls-ongeshtelter (The office employee), and Der bakleyd arbeter (The garment worker)
in Warsaw. He was one of the most active
leaders in the underground movement in the Warsaw Ghetto. He contributed to the underground Bundist ghetto
publications: Der veker (The alarm), Dos fraye vort (The free word), Der glok (The bell), Yugnt-shtime (Voice of youth), and Af der vakh (On alert), among others—all
in Warsaw, 1940-1943. During the ghetto
fighting, he was in the Bershter rayon (Bristle workers’ section) of
Warsaw. He died in the Jewish hospital
in Genshe 6.

He was born in Zholkiev (Żółkiew), eastern Galicia, into a Hassidic home. In his youth he moved to Lemberg where he
turned his attentions to secular subjects.
He later studied in Vienna at a rabbinical seminary, before studying
further in Switzerland where he received his doctorate in Berne in 1900 for a
dissertation on Job. He returned to
Lemberg in 1902, later living as a Bohemian in various and sundry cities of
Eastern Europe, particularly Vienna. After
WWI, he was back in Zholkiev where he died.
He contributed to R. A. Broydes’s weekly newspapers: Der veker (The alarm), Der karmel (Carmel), Haivri (The Jew), and others as
well. He was particularly successful
with his Hassidic work, “Motl toykhekhe” (Motl’s chapter of curses). Dov Sadan published a monographic work on
him: Kokhav nida (Remote star) (Tel
Aviv, 1950).

He was born in Borislav (Boryslaw),
eastern Galicia. At age nine, he
emigrated with his parents to the United States. He initially received a traditional Jewish
education, later (1905) graduating in New York from a public school; he
continued his studies and in 1914 became a dentist. At age fifteen he began to publish articles
in Amerikaner (American). He later published images and stories in Der arbayter (The laborer), edited by
Dovid Pinski; he also wrote for Varhayt
(Truth), using the pen name Sh. Azniya.
Over the years 1906-1910, he served as the New York correspondent for Togblat (Daily newspaper) in Lemberg and
Yudisher arbayter (Jewish laborer) in
Cracow. In 1909 he founded in New York
the “Estraykher literatur ferayn” (Austrian literary association) and edited
its anthology Yugend-klangen
(Youthful noises), 48 pp., in which he published a short fantasy entitled “Dem
dikhters tsar” (The poet’s grief), pp. 26-27, and a bibliography of Yiddish
newspapers in Galicia, pp. 41-42. He was
also the editor-publisher of Di nyu lats
shtime (The voice of New Lots) (New York, 1916), no. 3, and in English of
the trade journal for dentists. Among
his books: Fun kheyder un vayter
(From religious primary school and beyond), a short collection of his published
images and sketches (New York, 1922), 60 pp.
He was also the author of Who’s
Who in Dentistry (New York, 1916-1925); and Dentistry in the Bible and Talmud (New York, 1918). He was living in Brooklyn, New York.

Tuesday, 29 September 2015

He
was born in Dzisna (Disne), Vilna region,
Lithuania, into an elite, pious family.
He studied in religious primary school, yeshivas, and later was a pupil
of R. Chaim Ozer Grodzenski and the Chofets Chaim, from whom he received
rabbinical ordination. From his earliest
years, he was active in religious circles, and from 1919 he was among the
leaders of religious education for Lithuanian-Polish Jewry and of Agudat
Yisrael, mainly in Vilna and vicinity.
He was the founder of a network of yeshivas and the director of Vaad
Hayeshivot (Council of yeshivas) in Vilna.
He visited the United States and for a time was the administrator of the
yeshiva and college of Tiferet Yerusholaim in New York. In 1935 he settled in Israel and was a member
of “Merkaz ḥinukh hatora” (Center for Torah education) in Bnei Brak, where he
lived until his death. He was a forceful
speaker, roused people to action with his sermons in Yiddish to encourage the
Jewish people. He wrote in Yiddish and
Hebrew articles on religious issues as well as on the topic of education. He was a cofounder of the weekly newspaper of
the Aguda in Vilna, Dos vort (The
word), and founder of the Vilna Torah journal Kneses yisroel (Congregation of Israel). He contributed to the Orthodox Yiddish-Hebrew
press in Poland: Der yud (The Jew)
and Idishe togblat (Jewish daily
newspaper) in Warsaw; Beys yankev zhurnal
(Beys Yankev journal) in Lodz; and Dos
vort in Vilna, among others. In the
final years of his life, he became involved in publishing religious texts by
his brother-in-law, the Chazon Ish. He
also edited and published the writings of the Chofets Chaim, together with a
biography and various episodes from his life, which were published in Jerusalem
in 1955, together with Greyniman’s commentary on Maase lemelekh (Stories of the king). He published: Hundert mayses un mesholim fun khofets khayim, zts”l (One hundred
stories and fables from the Chofets Chaim, may his memory be for a blessing)
(New York, 1952), 128 pp, new edition (New York, 1966).

He was born in Minsk, Byelorussia,
to devout parents. He received a
rigorous religious education. He was
skilled in ancient Hebrew literature.
Until 1903 he studied in Kharkov, where he was active in the Zionist
movement. In 1903 he moved to New York,
received a law degree there, but he did not practice. He was also active in New York in the Zionist
organization. From 1910 until his death,
he was living in Philadelphia. He was
the owner of a Yiddish publishing house.
He published articles on Zionist and Jewish issues in Der shtral (The ray) in Philadelphia in
1906, in Der idisher kemfer (The Jewish
fighter) in New York in 1907-1909, and in Di
bronzviler post (The Brownsville mail) and Di yidishe fon (The Jewish banner) in New York in 1910, among
others. He edited the last two of these
publications. He left in manuscript a
Hebrew commentary on Maimonides’s Yad haḥazaka
(The mighty arm).

He was born in Ostrove (Ostrów),
Lomzhe region, Poland, into a well-to-do family. He studied in religious elementary school,
later in the Lomzhe yeshiva. For a
longer time he lived in Warsaw, where he worked as a typesetter. At that time he was active in the Jewish
Zionist socialist party. After the
failed revolution of 1905, he emigrated to the United States and there
continued his studies. He graduated with
a doctorate in physical therapy from Columbia University in New York. He was an active leader in the Labor Zionist
movement in America. He was president of
the typesetters’ union in New York. In
his youth, he wrote revolutionary poetry and proclamations. He debuted in print with a treatise entitled
“Der arbeter-tsienizm” (Workers’ Zionism) in the monthly Der pyoner (The pioneer) (New York, 1925). He contributed articles on Jewish and Zionist
issues, as well as treatises on medical questions to such serials as: Idisher kemfer (Jewish fighter), Forverts (Forward), Fraye arbeter shtime (Free voice of labor), Nyu yorker vokhnblat (New York weekly newspaper), Morgn frayhayt (Morning freedom), Der pyoner, Gezund un stark (Healthy and strong), Unzer gezund (Our health), and Gezund-almanakh
(Health almanac)—all in New York. He
served on the editorial boards for Der
pyoner (1925), Gezund un shtark
(1932-1933), and Gezund almanakh
(1945-1951), and he was the author of the pamphlet, Poyle tsienizm nokh der antshteyung fun medines yisroel (Labor
Zionism after the rise of the state of Israel) (New York, 1954), 16 pp. He was living until his death in New York.

He
later was going by the name Arye Bustan.
He was born in Łapy, near Bialystok, Poland. He studied in religious primary school, as
well as in a Hebrew school. He received
a diploma from a Polish high school. In
1932 he emigrated to Costa Rica. He
first published in the Spanish-language press with articles and poems. Over the years 1937-1939, he edited the
Spanish Jewish weekly El mundo judío
(The Jewish world) in Chile. In Yiddish
he contributed to Undzer veg (Our
way) in Mexico City, Tsukunft
(Future) and Tog (Day) in New York, Di prese (The press) in Buenos Aires, Dos vort (The word), Di prese (The press), and Pasifik (Pacific) in Santiago de Chile, and
Letste nayes (Latest news) and Goldene keyt (Golden chain) in Tel Aviv. Among his books: Geven a hoyz in poyln, lider un poemen (There was a house in
Poland, songs and poems) (Mexico, 1945), 155 pp.; Khayim vaytsman, lebn un verk (Chaim Weizmann, life and work) (Tel
Aviv: Hamenorah, 1063), 458 pp., for which he received the Kessel Prize. And, he translated Golda Meir’s Mayn lebn (My life) (Tel Aviv: Peretz
Publ., 1978), 457 pp. He was living in
Israel from 1949. He was director of
publications in the Latin American division of the Weizmann Institute in Reḥovot. From 1968 he was the Israeli ambassador to
Latin American countries, and from 1973 he served as consul-general in South
Africa.

He was born in Zabrze, Polish
Silesia. He graduated high school in
Gliwice, and university and rabbinical seminary in Breslau. In 1895 he became a rabbi in Hamburg,
Germany. He authored a great number of
works on Jewish history and Jewish cultural issues in German, Hebrew, and
Yiddish; he was a researcher into Jewish community life in Germany; he founded the Society for Jewish Folklore
(Gesellschaft
für Jüdische Volkskunde) which accomplished a great deal in the field of folk
creation, folklore, and ethnography; and he was a cofounder of the Jewish
Museum in Hamburg. In 1911 he organized
the Jewish division of the international hygiene exhibition in Dresden. Until 1930 he was living in Vienna, where he
took a productive part in Jewish community and cultural life. He later settled in Israel where he devoted
himself entirely to research on Jewish folklore. He was the most ardent leader and research
into Jewish folk creation, literally until the final days of his life. He published a large number of works in
various languages, including Yiddish, in which he traced Jewish folk creation
and Jewish folksongs at an international forum.
He was the editor of Mitteilungen zur
jüdischen Folkskunde (Notices on Jewish folklore) (Vienna, 1898-1922). In Yiddish, he published in: “Fun m. l.
ehrenraykhs literarishe yerushe” (From M. L. Ehrenreich’s literary heritage), Filologishe
shriftn (Philological writings) 1 (Vilna, 1926), pp. 323-34, an
important work with his own commentary; and “Shprikhverter un vertlekh fun
dukle, mizrekh-galitsye” (Proverbs and saying from Dukle, eastern Galicia), Yidishe
shprakh (Yiddish language) (New York, 1944), pp. 25-28. A portion of his memoirs—entitled “Akhtsik
yor lebn” (Eighty years of life)—was published in Yivo-bleter (Pages
from YIVO) (New York, 1952). He was also
a regular contributor to the Hebrew folklore journal Yeda
am (Folklore) in Tel Aviv.
His last work, “The Statutes of the Three Jewish Communities in Germany:
Hamburg, Altona, Wansbeck of 1915,” was published in Yeda
am (Nisan, 1953). He
died in Jerusalem. He left behind in
manuscript hundreds of writings on Jewish folklore and concerning the Jewish
community in Germany.

He was born in Lodz, from a
religiously devout home. Against his
parents’ wishes, he studied in a secular Jewish school. After graduating from the Medem School, he
was sent—because of his great talent and eagerness to learn—to the Vilna Jewish
teachers’ seminary. He was later a
teacher in Visoke Litovsk, and in the same Lodz Medem School in which he was
earlier a student himself. A talented
pedagogue, he was also an active community and cultural leader. He excelled at creating interesting games,
jokes, and songs for school children.
Together with M. Gilinski (“Batke”) and K. Wapner, he published Shpil un farveylung (Play and recreation),
with an introduction by L. Hodes (Warsaw: SKIF-biblyotek, no. 6, 1938), 184
pp. When WWII broke out, he escaped to
Bialystok and from there to Brest, where he worked as a teacher under Soviet
rule. Afterward, when the Nazis took the
city in 1941, he joined the partisans.
When and how he died remain unknown.

He was born in Shrensk (Szreńsk),
Poland, into a pedigreed rabbinical family.
From his earliest years, he was marked as a child prodigy. At age sixteen he received rabbinical
ordination. He became rabbi of Janów,
later of Maków, and then until WWI of Staszów. R. Groybart was a cofounder and leader in
1910 of the Warsaw Asife Harabonim (Assembly of rabbis) of Poland, from which
he was selected to be a member of the editorial commission of its Yiddish and
Hebrew publications. With the outbreak
of WWI, he was taken by the Tsarist military authorities as a hostage from the
Jewish population and sent deep into Russia.
He later came to Moscow, where he caused great activity. He was the founder of the organization
“Masoret veḥerut”
(Tradition and freedom), which fought for Jewish religious and national
autonomy and for which he wrote the call: On
di yudn in rusland (Russia without Jews) (Moscow, 1917). He was active in the administration of the
assistance committee for Jewish refugees.
He returned to Poland in late 1918 and became the leader of the Mizrachi
movement. A fiery speaker, he traveled
across the Polish provinces on behalf of Mizrachi and became its candidate in
the Zionist bloc in the elections to the Polish Sejm in 1919. He took part in the world Zionist Congress in
London in 1920. He later moved to
Canada, where he was until his death the head rabbi of Toronto.

He was the author of a great number
of religious texts, among them: Ḥavalim baneimim
(Pleasant lots in life) concerning issues of Jewish law, with a portion of text
in Yiddish (part 1, Warsaw, 1908; parts 2 and 3, Toronto, 1929 and 1931); and Sefer zikaron (Memoirs) (Lodz, 1926),
337 pp., in which he described his experiences in the war, 1914-1918, and
concerning the spiritual state of Russian Jewry, as well as a hefty letter exchange
on the condition of Jews during the war with major Jewish figures (R. Maza,
Refuel Gots, R. Rabinovits, and others).
Numerous articles and sermons were also included in this text, such as
“Oyruf vegn der shabes frage” (Call on the issue of the Sabbath), which he
published in the Yiddish press in Poland (1912-1920); Haynt (Today), Moment
(Moment), Der mizrakhi-veg (The
Mizrachi way), Hamizrakhi (The
Mizrachi), and others. He was also the
author of the religious texts: Yamin
usmol (Right and left), essays on Jewish issues and relations between Jews
and Gentiles; and Yabia omer
(Uttering speech), Devarim kikhtavam (Words
just as they are written), and others.
He died in Toronto.

Monday, 28 September 2015

He was born in Staszów, Kielce
region, Poland. He descended from an old
rabbinical family. His father
Yehude-Leyb Groybart was a rabbi in Canada.
He studied in religious primary school; later when already in Canada, he
graduated from middle school. He
received his higher education in the United States, where he lived from
1924. He graduated as a rabbi from the
Jewish Theological Seminary and acquired his doctoral degree in 1949 from
Indiana University. From 1946 he was
professor of rabbinical literature at the College of Jewish Studies (Spertus
College) in Chicago. He wrote essays in
Yiddish, Hebrew, and English. In Yiddish
he published in Idisher kuryer (Jewish
courier) in Chicago, Idishe zhurnal
(Jewish journal) in Toronto, and Dos
idishe vort (The Yiddish word) in Winnipeg, among other places. He was the Yiddish editor of the Britannica
World Language Dictionary (1954). In
Hebrew he published in Hadoar (The
mail) and Hapardes (Paradise). In English, he edited his college
publications in the 1920s and was a contributing editor to Colliers Encyclopedia. He
authored English-language books on Jewish themes. He won literary awards in university and in the
theological seminary, among them for an essay on Job. From 1971 he was a regular contributor to Forverts (Forward) in New York. He was living in Chicago where he died.

He was born in Skole, eastern Galicia. He graduated from the Universities of Lemberg
and Vienna. Between 1923 and 1939, he
worked as a teacher in the Polish Jewish
high schools in Konin, Będzin, and Sosnowiec, as
well as director of a high school in Kielce.
During the Nazi occupation he was with his family on the Aryan side of
Cracow. After liberation, he was
director of the cultural office at the “Central Committee of Liberated Jews in
the Western Zone of Germany,” and from 1951 he was a lecturer in Jewish scholarship
at Marburg University and a member of the “Central Council of Jews in Germany.” He wrote for the Yiddish press of
survivors. Over the years 1945-1951, he
published articles and feature pieces in Morgn
(Morning), Bafrayung (Liberation), Nayvelt (New world), Undzer veg (Our way), Undzer haynt (Our today), and Yidishe tsaytung (Jewish newspaper)—all in
Munich, Germany. He was co-editor of the
literary journal Hemshekh
(Continuation) in Munich. He was the
author of the pamphlet of features: Geven
a sheyres-hapleyte, notits-bukh fun moyshe yosln (I was a survivor, notice
book of Moyshe Yosl) (Munich, 1949), 112 pp.
This was the sole booklet in Yiddish concerning the community relations
of the Jews from the concentration camps in West Germany after liberation. He was living in Munich, Germany.

He was born in Yedenits (Edineţ), Bessarabia, into a stern
Hassidic home. He ran away from home in
1915 to Odessa, where he studied in a yeshiva and later in a secular high
school. He became a Hebrew teacher in
Czernowitz (Bukovina). In 1922 he
emigrated to Argentina, where he served as director of an YIKO (Jewish Cultural
Organization) school in Mosesville (over 600 children). He began writing in Hebrew in Czernowitz. He published in Hashiloaḥ (The shiloah), Hateḥiya (The regeneration),
and Hatsfira (The siren). In Argentina he wrote for: Di yidishe tsaytung (The Jewish
newspaper), Far groys un kleyn (For
big and small), Zeglen (Sails), Habima haivrit (The Hebrew stage), and Heḥaluts (The
pioneer). He edited Di tribune (The tribune) in Mosesville and co-edited Penemer un penemlekh (Appearances, big
and small) in Buenos Aires. From 1929 he
was the editor of the monthly Der shpigl
(The mirror) in Buenos Aires. In the
jubilee volume for Di yidishe tsaytung
(Buenos Aires, 1940), he published a long work entitled “Pyonern funem hebreish
geredtn un geshribenem vort in argentine” (Pioneers of the Hebrew spoken and
written word in Argentina), which later appeared in Antologye fun der yidisher literatur in argentine (Anthology of
Yiddish literature in Argentina) (Buenos Aires, 1944), with the title “Hebreishe
bikher un zeyere mekhabrim” (Hebrew books and their authors), pp. 227-38. For many years he served as the Argentinian
correspondent for Morgn-zhurnal
(Morning journal) in New York. Together
with Yankev Botoshanski, he published four books in the series Besaraber yidn (Bessarabian Jews). He traveled on lecture tours through the
United States and Canada. Among his pen
names: Leybele Bar-Mazl. He was living until his death in Buenos Aires.

He was born in Warsaw, brother of
Zigmunt and Yonas Turkov (Turkow). He
studied in religious primary school and in the initial years of a secular high
school and a teacher’s course of study.
In his youth he worked on a Pioneers’ farm in Grochów near Warsaw,
served as secretary of a youth organization of the “right Labor Zionists,” and
co-edited its journal Arbeter yugnt
(Laboring youth). In 1924 he began to
act in Yiddish theater and was a member of the wandering troupe of Zigmunt
Turkow and Ida Kaminska; later, he performed in various Yiddish theaters in
Poland. During WWII he left for
Russia. Returning to Poland after the
war, he acted in Yiddish theaters, directed, was artistic director and author
of scenic compositions in the Yiddish theater of Lower Silesia in Wrocław, and worked in the state Yiddish theater of Lodz and
Warsaw. He also contributed to the local
Yiddish press. From 1925 he was writing
for Yiddish periodicals in Poland, primarily on matters concerning theater. He published interviews with actors in Literarishe bleter (Literary leaves),
Warsaw; he published in 1926 a short biography of Esther Rokhl Kaminski in Haynt (Today), Warsaw. He wrote the following stage plays: Dos genehem (Hell) and Der korbn (The victim). He translated into Yiddish: Baginen, tog un nakht (Dawn, day, and
night); Di gril afn oyvn (The cricket
on the hearth) by Charles Dickens; Di
romantishe nakht fun borvits (The romantic night in Borvits); and Juliusz Słowacki’s
poem Dżuma (Plague) (Warsaw: Bzhoza,
1926), 21 pp. Among his own writings in
book form: Yidish teater in poyln
(Yiddish theater in Poland) (Warsaw, 1951), 199 pp.; Di mame ester rokhl (Mother Esther Rokhl) (Warsaw, 1953), 286 pp.,
a monograph on the life of Esther Rokhl Kaminski; and Varshe dos vigele fun yidishn teater (Warsaw, the cradle of Yiddish
theater) (Warsaw, 1956), 75 pp.; Penemer
un maskes, dertseylungen un skitsn (Faces and masks, stories and sketches)
(Buenos Aires: Association of Polish Jews, 1960), 174 pp.; Af mayn veg, shrayber un kinstler (On my way, writer and artist) (Buenos
Aires: Association of Polish Jews, 1964), 343 pp., second edition (1971); Y. l. perets, der veker (Y. L. Perets,
the alarm) (Tele Aviv: Peretz Publ., 1965), 112 pp.; Sholem ashs derekh in der yidisher eybikeyt, monografye (Sholem
Asch’s path into Jewish eternity, a monograph) (Bat-yam: Bet Sholem Ash, 1967),
190 pp.; Geven a yidish teater (There
was a Yiddish theater) (Tel Aviv, 1968), 50 pp.; Zigmunt turkov (Sigmund Turkow) (Tel Aviv, 1970), 263 pp. He died in Tel Aviv.

He was born in Czernowitz,
Bukovina. He studied in one of the
secular Jewish schools which emerged in Greater Romania in the aftermath of
WWI. In the late 1920s he began publishing
poems in Czernowitz Yiddish publications, and he later contributed to
periodicals in other Jewish centers in Romania.
In the early 1930s he published a small poetry collection in Czernowitz,
which garnered attention in Yiddish literary circles in Romania. In 1938 the Yiddish PEN club in Warsaw
brought out his poetry collection Fun
shtot avek (Out of the city), 68 pp.
During WWII he escaped to Russia.
He was living in Czernowitz. He
also published: Zun far der tir (Sun
before the door) (Czernowitz, 1940), 45 pp.

He was a Soviet Yiddish poet, born
in the town of Sokolivka, Ukraine. In
1938 he graduated from the literature faculty at the pedagogical institute in
Minsk. He debuted in print in 1930 in Zay greyt (Get ready) in Kharkov. With the outbreak of the Soviet-Nazi war in
1941, he left for the front and was wounded three times. He participated in the Battle of
Stalingrad. Among his books: Fun keler af der zun, lider (From the
cellar to the sun, poems) (Minsk, 1935), 79 pp.; Lirik (Lyric) (Minsk, 1940), 60 pp.; Gezang vegn mut (Song for courage) (Moscow, 1947), 144 pp. “In Grubyan’s book [Gezang vegn mut],” wrote Rivke Rubin, “there are a fair number of
poems with tragic motifs concerning the extermination of the Jewish population
during the German occupation…. The
largest number of poems are linked by a lyrical image—with the ordinary folk.” He also published: Umruiker vint, geklibene lider (Un settled wind, collected poetry)
(Moscow: Sovetski pisatel, 1970), 214 pp.
His work was included in: Tsum zig (To victory) (Moscow, 1944);
and Bafrayte brider, literarishe zamlung
(Liberated brethren, literary anthology) (Minsk, 1939). He was living until his death in Moscow.

He was born in the town of Voshnev (Waśniów) near Apt (Opatów), Poland, into a devout, commercial
household. He studied in religious
elementary school and in the Lomzhe yeshiva.
In 1907 he moved to Warsaw and became active in the “Little Bund.” He became acquainted with the author Shloyme
Gilbert, who befriended him and introduced him to the drama circle of Hazemir. He participated, under Peretz’s direction, in
the first staging of “In polish af der keyt” (Chained in the synagogue anteroom)
together with M. Shveyd and T. Artsishevska.
In 1912 he emigrated to the United States and became involved in various
jobs. From 1913 he was living in Canada,
where he was active in Jewish community and cultural life. He began writing in his youth, and in 1911 he
published his first humorous correspondence piece (an image of a small town
Jewish wedding) in Unzer lebn (Our
life) in Warsaw. He published poems,
stories, one-act plays, and reviews of books and theatrical performances in: Naye tsayt (New times) in Warsaw, Minsker yontef bleter (Minsk holiday
leaves), Forverts (Forward) in New
York, Idishe zhurnal (Jewish journal)
in Toronto, Keneder odler (Canadian
eagle) in Montreal, Kanader yugend
(Canadian youth), and in the local English-language daily press. He edited issue no. 2 of Kanader yugend in Toronto (1917); Jewish Observer in London, Ontario; and Jewish Omnibus in Miami Beach.
He published a special issue of Jewish
Observer on Y. L. Peretz in 1945 (108 pp.), and Sholom Aleichem Panorama (London, Ontario, 1948), 415 pp. which
appeared in album format with a large number of illustrations, appreciations,
and translations from their writings. In
1954 he published Shloyme Gilbert’s Dertseylunbgen
un drames (Stories and plays), with his own remembrances of the writer’s
personality (Toronto, 336 pp.). He was
also the author of a four-act melodrama entitled Bay di toyern fun elis ayland (At the gates of Ellis Island) and of
the one-act plays: Tate un zun (Father
and son), Baym rebens tish (At the
rebbe’s table), In moyshev skeynim
(In the old-age home), and others, which were staged under his direction in the
theaters of the United States and Canada.
He also published under the pen names: Zev Elimelekh, Ben Yerakhmiel,
Zev G. Elimelekh, A. Voshniver, A. Londoner, Rabi Elimelekh, Ben Fehl, and Ben
Safra-raba. In English, he used such
pseudonyms as Dr. G. V. Maxwell. He was
living until his death in London, Ontario, Canada.

He was born in Radom, Poland, the
younger brother of Gavril Grafshteyn (Al. Gurye). Until age ten he studied in religious
elementary school. He subsequently
joined the “Little Bund.” In 1909, while
keeping weapons for the self-defense organization, he accidentally was shot in
the face. To avoid a police
investigation, he emigrated to the United States. In 1917 he published for the first time poems
in the monthly magazine Onheyb
(Beginning), and later in the anthology Fun
mentsh tsu mentsh (From person to person), Ist brodvey (East Broadway), Inzl
(Island), Shriftn (Writings), and
later as well in Frayhayt (Freedom)
and Signal (Signal). For many years, he disappeared from the
literary arena. With a new start in
1947, he published poems in Fraye arbeter
shtime (Free voice on labor). He
died in New York. After his death, the
poets Mani Leyb and Nokhm Bomze were preparing a collection of Grafshteyn’s
poetry. However, the work remained
incomplete, because of the sudden deaths of both compilers.

Sunday, 27 September 2015

He was known by the name Al. Gurye, born
in Radom, Poland. His father was a
teacher of Russian in the local crown school, who remained traditionally devout
and cultivated in his children a love for Yiddish language and literature. Grafshteyn studied in religious primary
school, secular subjects with private tutors, and at age eighteen he received a
teacher’s diploma. In 1909 he published
for the first time a story in Lebn un
visnshaft (Life and science) in Vilna. In 1913 he emigrated to the United
States. In New York, he was close to the
group “Yunge” (Young). He published
poems and stories in: Fraye arbeter shtime
(Free voice of labor), Tageblat
(Daily newspaper), Dos yidishe folk (The
Jewish people), Tog (Day), Morgn-zhurnal (Morning journal), Varhayt (Truth), Tsayt (Time), Natur un vunder
(Nature and wonder), Frayhayt
(Freedom), Forshrit (Progress), Gerekhtikeyt (Justice), In-zikh (Introspective), Tsukunft (Future), Nay-yidish (New Yiddish), and Inzl
(Island), Zishe Landau’s Antologye
(Anthology), Di feder (The pen), Dos vort (The word), Idisher kemfer (Jewish fighter), and Der kundes (The prankster)—all in New
York; and Kritik (Crtic) in Vienna,
among others. He also wrote a four-act
dramatic poem entitled Fun beyde zaytn
vant (From both sides of the wall).
His stories depict the confusion among people, a kind of internal fear
of reality and at the same time a striving to escape from oneself. He was living in New York.

He was born in Yadov (Jadów), Warsaw
region, Poland. He studied in religious
elementary school and in a yeshiva, later graduating from a middle school in
Warsaw. In 1910 he began to publish
poems and sketches in various Yiddish newspapers in Warsaw. From 1912 he was a regular contributor to Moment (Moment) in Warsaw, for which he wrote
feature pieces and topical articles. He
published the anthologies Friling
(Spring), Goldene shtraln (Golden
rays), and In shvere tsaytn (In
difficult times) (Warsaw, 1917), among others.
In 1921 he joined the Jewish People’s Party in Poland and edited
(1921-1922) the popular weekly newspaper Di
idishe tribune (The Jewish tribune).
In 1924 he began to publish the popular magazine Di ilustrirte vokh (The illustrated week). With the outbreak of WWII, he left for
Vilna. Having no time to escape when the
Germans took Lithuania, he was killed in 1941 or 1942. Among his books: Zangen, lider (Stalks of corn, poems) (Warsaw, 1921), 80 pp. He also wrote under the pseudonyms: Izidor
G., A. Giml, Dr. A. Gloyber, and the like.
He was one of the dynamic new journalists and new editors in the Warsaw
press, with a strong sense for the sensational.
He would powerfully dramatize and even poeticize his news reporting.

He was confined to the Riga ghetto and was deported from there to his
death in Auschwitz.

He was a follower of the Jewish
Enlightenment movement from Warsaw, a journalist, and a playwright, son-in-law
of the wealthy man Tsvi Hirsh Finklman.
He contributed to the Warsaw Yiddish press in the second half of the
nineteenth century. He wrote for Izraelita (Israelite) and for Varshoyer yudishe tsaytung (Warsaw
Jewish newspaper). He is considered the
first Warsaw social reporter. He wrote
about contemporary concerns involving the productivity of Polish Jewry and
treatises on Hassidism; he made known Jewish undertakings which were conducive to
employing Jewish laborers, and he fought for the Enlightenment in community institutions. Among other things, he called for a library
in the Warsaw Jewish hospital. He died
in Warsaw.

This was the adopted named of Hershl
Shnayder, born in Bialystok, Poland. He studied
in religious primary school, yeshiva, and with private tutors. As a youth he was active in the Bund. In 1902 he emigrated to England, lived for a
time in London, and later left for the United States. There he became an active leader in the
Jewish socialist and trade union movement.
In more recent years he was involved in clubs for older persons
connected to the Workmen’s Circle. He
began publishing in his youth and contributed pieces to Der fraynd (The friend), Byalistoker
fraynd (Bialystok friend), a publication of the Workmen’s Circle Branch 88,
in New York (1934-1950), Byalistoker lebn
(Bialystok life), Tog-morgn-zhurnal
(Day morning journal), and Byalistoker
shtime (Voice of Bialystok) in New York—in the last of these, he published
a variety of articles on the lives of laborers as well as feature pieces under
the title “Zalts un fefer” (Salt and pepper).
He also published in Unzer heym
(Our home) in New York (1946-1956), and elsewhere. He was the author of several pamphlets on
various labor issues, such as: Vos vet a cooperative
bekeray far aykh oyfton? (What will a cooperative bakery accomplish for
you?) (New York, 1919), 18 pp. He used
the pseudonym “Hershl Glates.” He was
living in Englewood, New Jersey.

He
was born in Mihăileni, at the
border between Moldavia and Bukovina, into a rabbinical family. He studied in religious elementary school, in
synagogue study hall, and later he turned his full attentions to secular
subject matter, studying law at Jassy(Iași) University. In 1913 he was a soldier in the Romanian
army, and he took part in the Romanian war campaign against Bulgaria. Over the years 1916-1919, he was a
non-commissioned officer in the Romanian army during WWI. He made his first stabs at writing in
Romanian, German, and Yiddish. He lived
in Czernowitz, 1907-1908, attended the Yiddish language conference there, and
from that time forward switched entirely to Yiddish. In 1914 he published for the first time poems
in Di yudishe velt (The Jewish world)
in Vilna, and in Dos ilustrirte vokhnblat
(The illustrated weekly newspaper) in Lemberg.
He later contributed to Hamer
(Hammer) in Brăila (Romania), Der veker (The alarm) in Bukarest, Frayhayt (Freedom) in Czernowitz, Der id (The Jew) in Kishinev, Tog
(Day) in Vilna, Tsayt (Time) in
London, the anthology Y. l. perets
(Y. L. Peretz) which appeared just before Peretz’s death (New York, 1915), and Bukareshter zamlbikher (Bucharest
anthologies), among others. In
1914-1915, he co-edited in Jassy Di pen
(The pen), a humorous newspaper and the collection Likht (Light). Among his
books: In shotn fun shteyn (In the
shadow of a stone), poems (Bucharest, 1934), 96 pp. He translated works by Romanian and French
poets into Yiddish, and his own poems were translated into Romanian. Groper was also active in the Jewish
community and belonged to the Labor Zionists in Romania. He worked, 1911-1916, in the “Toybenhale,” an
institution to spread Jewish culture in Jassy.
Among his pen names: Nurd, Hashir, and Ofir. He was living in Bucharest. “A Jewish lyricist who emerged from the
middle class,” wrote Shloyme Bikl, “and whose poems were worthy of publication
in 1914 in Di yudishe velt in
Vilna…. Romania today, together with
Bessarabia and Bukovina, possesses of course a considerable literary
heritage…. However, without Groper it
would have been impossible for there to have been Itzik Manger.” Then, in 1964 he made aliya to Israel. Posthumously: Geklibene lider, Shirim nivḥarim (Collected poetry) ((Tel Aviv,
1975), 353 pp.; the parallel Hebrew was prepared by various translators. He died in Berlin and was buried in Haifa.

He was born in Warsaw, Poland. He studied in religious elementary school,
later graduating from a business school and attending the Free Polish
University in Warsaw as a student. While
still young, he joined the socialist youth movement and later the Bund. From 1922 he was secretary of the Warsaw
committee of the youth Bund, “Tsukunft” (Future). He was also secretary of the trade unions of
maintenance workers and later of the business and clerical workers in
Warsaw. He was active as well in the
Jewish cooperative movement. Until
September 1939, he was living in Warsaw, later traveling through Vilna, Russia,
and Japan, he arrived in Shanghai where he remained until 1945. He later traveled via India to France. In Paris, he was active in the Jewish labor
movement and in the Bund. He began
writing in Polish, later switching to Yiddish.
He contributed to Folkstsaytung
(People’s newspaper) and Yugnt-veker
(Youth alarm) in Warsaw, Lodzher veker
(Lodz alarm), and Unzer tsayt (Our
time) in New York. He published the
pamphlet Proletaryat, a kapitl geshikhte
fun der poylisher arbeter-bavegung (Proletariat, a chapter in the history
of the Polish labor movement) (Warsaw, 1926), 51 pp. From 1953 he was serving as editor of the
daily newspaper Unzer shtime (Our
voice) in Paris, in which he wrote under the pen names: Y. Gros, Sh. Gros, A.
Dorn, and Sh. Lorman. In 1956 he moved
to the United States. He was living in
New York where he was active in the trade union movement. He published current events articles under
the name Sh. (Shoyl) Gros in Unzer tsayt,
Fraye arbeter shtime (Free voice of
labor), Tsukunft, and Veker (Alarm), among others. He died in New York.

He was born in Koriv (Kurów), Lublin
region, Poland. As a child, in 1910, he
moved to Warsaw. He studied in religious
elementary school, yeshiva, in a seminary course, and self-preparation as an
external student. During WWI in 1917,
suffering from hunger, he returned with his parents to Koriv. At age fourteen in his hometown, he was
giving private lessons in Yiddish, Russian, and accounting. In 1920, following the death of his father,
he returned to Warsaw by himself. There
he was a street salesman, a business employee, and laborer, and in the evenings
he studied primarily on his own. From
1921 he was a member of the Labor Zionist organization “Yugend” (Youth). For a time he worked in the secretariat of
the Warsaw artists’ association, was an employee in the Labor Zionist publishing
house, secretary of the youth section of the association of employees, and from
1925 until just the time of the German occupation of Warsaw, when the last
issue of the newspaper had already appeared, he worked in the administration of
Haynt (Today) in Warsaw. Grossman began writing at age fourteen. Using the pseudonym Godlman, he published
several short, humorous items in Bontshe’s (Avrom Rozenfeld’s) humor magazine Der foygl (The bird). In 1923 he published his first short story,
“Brokhe un klole” (Blessing and curse) in Veltshpigl
(Mirror of the world) in Warsaw (edited by A. L. Yakubovitsh). From that point forward, he placed his
writings in such serials as: Yugnt-fon
(Banner of youth), Veltshpigl, Literarishe bleter (Literary leaves), Vokhnshrift (Weekly writings), Farmest (Challenge), Fraynd (Friend), and Haynt—in Warsaw; Yidishe bilder (Jewish images) in Riga-Warsaw; Arbeter tsaytung (Workers’ newspaper) in Warsaw-Lodz. His first book appeared in 1931: Flamen un roykh, roman fun an arbeter-svive
(Flames and smoke, a novel from a workers’ environment) (Warsaw), 136 pp. Later, he published: Hamer af harfe (Hammer on the harp) (Warsaw, 1934), 65 pp.; Karl marks, bay zayn shvel, byografish
montazh-roman (Karl Marx, at his threshold, a biographical montage novel)
(Warsaw, 1934), 288 pp., second edition (Warsaw: Farlag M. Rakovski, 1936), 261
pp.—this last work also appeared in a Polish translation (Warsaw, 1935), 240
pp.—Dervakhung, historisher roman
(Awakening, a historical novel), a biographical novel about the life of Rosa
Luxembourg (Warsaw: Farlag literarishe bleter, 1937), 150 pp., which earlier
appeared serially in Shikager kuryer
(Chicago courier) with an introduction that was excised by the censor in
Poland. With the outbreak of WWII, in October
1939 he sought refuge in Soviet Russia.
He was, though, arrested there, tortured by the Soviet authorities, and
deported to local concentration and labor camps. After the end of the war, in 1945 he returned
to Poland. He contributed to Dos naye lebn (The new life) in Lodz and
served as editor of Arbeter tsaytung
(Workers’ newspaper) in Lodz in 1946. He
also co-edited the anthology Yidishe
shriftn (Yiddish writings), published by the Yiddish literary association
in Lodz in 1946. Leaving Poland at the
end of 1946, he spent just a year in Sweden, and in the fall of 1947 he moved
to France, living in Paris, where he became active in the Parisian Jewish
community and literary life. He was the
founder and one of the leaders of the association of Polish Jews in Paris, of
the association of refugee writers, and of the Yiddish PEN club. He contributed to the Parisian Jewish press,
including: Unzer shtime (Our voice), Unzer vort (Our word), and Kiem (Existence). Under his own name—and under such pen names
as F. Grim Karl Grim, L. Anglister, P. Amster, M. Giml, M. Ben-Yankev, Y.
Shabes, M. Fazant, Leye, M. Rozes, M. Flint, and Moyshe Yisroeli—he published
his writings in: Tsukunft (Future)
and Forverts (Forward) in New York; Folksblat (People’s newspaper) in
Uruguay; Naye yidishe tsaytung (New
Jewish newspaper) in Munich; Davar
(Word), Hador (The generation), and Hatsofe (The spectator) in Tel
Aviv. In 1948 Grosman came to New York
as a delegate to the World Jewish Culture Congress, returning to Paris after
the congress. He then published In farkisheftn land fun legendarn
Dzhugashvili,mayne zibn yor lebn in ratnfarband, 1939-1946 (In the
enchanted land of the legendary Dzhugashvili (Stalin)], my seven years living
in the Soviet Union, 1939-1946) (Paris, 1949), vol. 1, 336 pp., vol. 2, 318
pp. (This work appeared in an English
translation by I. M. Lask as In the
Enchanted Land: My Seven Years in Soviet Russia [Tel Aviv, 1960], 383 pp.) A second edition appeared in Paris in 1950,
and it was well received by the entire Yiddish and Hebrew press. “This book,” wrote Yankev Glatshteyn, “is
without a doubt a classic.” “In his
writing,” noted Shmuel Niger, “there is the clarity and simplicity of a man of
truth. This is at a high level.” This important two-volume work also appeared
in Hebrew translation: Baarets haagadit
hakeshufa, sheva shenot ḥayim biverit hamoatsot (In the legendary land of
enchantment, seven years living in the Soviet Union)—vol. 1 translated by A. Ben
Meir (Tel Aviv, 1950), vol. 2 translated by Y. Ḥagi (Tel Aviv, 1951).[1] In 1950 he made aliya to the state of
Israel. There he published: Heymishe geshtaltn:reportazhn, portretn, dertseylungen, minyaturn (Familiar images:
reportage, portraits, stories, miniatures) (Tel Aviv, 1953), 317 pp.; and Der vide fun a revolutsyoner, politisher
roman (The confessions of a revolutionary, a political novel) (Tel Aviv,
1955), 288 pp. Over the years 1951-1953,
he co-edited the Mapai newspaper Dos vort
(The word), which initially appeared thrice weekly and later daily, and the
biweekly illustrated magazine Yidishe
bilder (Tel Aviv, 1951-1952). In
1956 he began publishing in Tel Aviv the monthly Heymish (Familiar), which he edited and in which he published his
literary and informative works concerning Yiddish cultural and literary life in
the Jewish world. He contributed to an
important work concerning the Warsaw newspaper Haynt in vol. 2 of Fun noentn
over (From the recent past), published by the World Jewish Culture Congress
(New York, 1956), a well-documented monograph concerning the great Warsaw daily
newspaper from its founding until the publication of its final issue, under the
fire of Nazi bombs over Jewish Warsaw. Posthumously:
Shtoyb un eybikeyt (Dust and
eternity) (Tel Aviv: Bukh-komitet, 1970), 308 pp. He also edited Yizker-bukh koriv (Memorial volume for Kurów) (Tel Aviv, 1955),
1150 pp. He was living in Tel Aviv,
working in the Yiddish and Hebrew press, and was esteemed as an important
literary figure. He died there. “Moyshe Grosman is a literary talent,” wrote
Ezriel Carlebach, “of whom we have very few….
They know how great is the flame, how acute the eye, and how
extraordinary the descriptive ability such a work as this one [Dzhugashvili] is, but without a shadow
of a doubt this may be seen in his great biographical novel, Karl Marks.”

[1] Translator’s note.
An English translation by I. M. Lask appeared in 1960: In the Enchanted Land: My Seven Years in
Soviet Russia (Tel Aviv: Rachel).

Friday, 25 September 2015

He was born in Temryuk, Kuban
district, northern Caucasus. He was the
younger brother of Vladimir Grosman. He
received his secular education in Odessa, St. Petersburg, and Berlin. He began his journalistic activities in 1905
in the Krasnodar Russian newspaper Kuban’skyi
krai (Kuban region), and he later contributed to the Russian-language press
in St. Petersburg and Moscow. He was
also editor for a number of Russian provincial newspapers, such as: Birzhevye (Exchange), Vedomosti (Gazette), Ruskoie slovo (Russian word), Den’ (Day), and Satirikon (Satyricon).

From 1910 he devoted his attention to Jewish journalistic
matters. He published in Fraynd (Friend), Haynt (Today), Moment
(Moment), Novyi voskhod (New rising),
and Razsviet (Dawn); and in the New
York press for Tog (Day), Varhayt (Truth), and Tsayt (Times), among others. In 1913 he edited in Berlin the Russian
Jewish magazine Evreyskii student
(Jewish student) and the illustrated humor newspaper Der ashmodai. With the
outbreak of WWI, he moved to Copenhagen, Denmark, where for a time he edited Kopenhagen tog-blat (Copenhagen daily
newspaper), first issue dated August 10, 1914, later Di yudishe folkstsaytung (The Jewish people’s newspaper) from the
end of November 1914 until 1916. In late
1915, he published together with Vladimir Zhabotinsky the Zionist activist
organ Di tribune (The tribune) which
appeared with breaks (also for a time a daily newspaper) until late 1922 in
Copenhagen and London, and ultimately as a monthly magazine in Berlin. During the Russian Revolution of 1917, he
spent some time in Ukraine. In Kiev, he
edited the Zionist weekly newspaper Af
der vokh (During the week) and the daily Di velt (The world) in 1919.
He was a member of the Ukrainian Zionist Center, of the Jewish National
Assembly, of the Provisional National Council, and of the Ukrainian Rada
(parliament). From 1919 he was living in
London, where (together with Jacob Landau) he founded the Jewish Correspondence
Bureau, with branches in New York, Warsaw, and Berlin, later reorganized into the
Jewish Telegraphic Agency (ITA), of which he was director and editor, and on its
behalf visited the United States in 1925.
He was a regular contributor to Tog
(Day) in New York, and for a time he served as its news editor.

From 1925 Grosman was the main assistant to Vladimir
Zhabotinsky in establishing the Zionist Revisionist movement (Brit Hatsahar) worldwide,
and he remained its vice-chairman until the party rift in 1933. From 1927 he was a delegate of the Revisionist
Party to all Zionist congresses. In 1929
his pamphlet appeared: Farvos zaynen mir
kegn der “gemishter” idisher agentur? (Why are we opposed to the mixed Jewish
Agency?) (Paris, 50 pp.). In 1933 after
the split of the party at Katowice, he left the Revisionist ranks, founded the
Jewish State Party, and stood at the head of this new party until the
reunification of the Revisionists in 1948.
In 1934 he made aliya to Israel. In
Tel Aviv he published Iton meyuḥad
(Newspaper extra), and he founded the first English-language newspaper in
Israel, Palestine Bulletin. During WWII he lived in the United States,
doing work for his party, and writing for newspapers. In 1948 he returned to Israel and until 1951
was co-editor of Haboker (This morning) in Tel Aviv. After the founding
of the state of Israel, he joined the leadership of the Jewish Agency as
director of its economics department. He
was a member of the Zionist World Executive, living in Jerusalem. He died in Tel Aviv.