This Appendix presents information about people with 'no usual address' in 'visitor only households' who are not included in the ABS homeless operational group 'persons staying temporarily with other households'. They are excluded because, on balance, they were considered not to be homeless as their characteristics suggested that they were more likely to be on long-term holiday and travelling around Australia. There are two distinct groups:

'grey nomads'

'other travellers'

Grey nomads were in 'visitor only households', reporting 'no usual address', where all people were aged 55 years or over, were not in the labour force and were staying in a caravan, cabin or houseboat on Census Night.

Other travellers are the remaining persons in 'visitor only households' with 'no usual address' but who are not classified as homeless or as new migrants or returning Australians.

This Appendix commences by republishing the analysis of the grey nomad population reporting no usual address as presented in the Position Paper - ABS Review of Counting the Homeless Methodology, Aug 2011 (cat. no. 2050.0.55.002). Note that the numbers in the Position Paper vary slightly from the numbers published in this publication: Census of Population and Housing: Estimating Homelessness, 2006 (cat. no. 2049.0) due to rounding and slight changes made for the final ABS methodology.

Following the Position Paper analysis of grey nomads, final results for grey nomads for 2006, and analysis contrasting the grey nomad population with a group of 'older travellers'. Like grey nomads, older travellers are in 'visitor only households' where all people are aged 55 years or over, were not in the labour force and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats on Census Night. The only difference between these groups is that, unlike the grey nomads, older travellers reported having a usual address elsewhere in Australia.

Tables at the end of this Appendix cross-classify grey nomads and older travellers by key socio-demographic characteristics for 2006 and 2001.

'Visitor only households' with 'no usual address'

'Visitor only households' are those in which no occupants on Census Night reported that they were usual residents of the dwelling in which they were staying on Census Night. There were 11,415 people in 'visitor only households' in 2006 who reported that they did not have a usual address where they had lived, or intended to live, for six months or more during the Census year in 2006. These people were not classified as homeless 'persons staying temporarily with other households'.

GREY NOMADS

Grey nomads are a subset of visitor only household group reporting no usual address. They are defined as being in 'visitor only households' and reporting 'no usual address', where all people were aged 55 years or over, were not in the labour force and were staying in a caravan, cabin or houseboat on Census Night.

The majority of these grey nomads were enumerated in holiday destinations including the northern beaches in New South Wales, in Queensland, Northern Territory and northern Western Australia. This group does not include people who were staying with other households, such as with friends and relatives. Nor does it include those who were in the labour force (whether unemployed or employed). Those who were travelling with their children or other younger people are not classified as grey nomads in this group because everyone in the caravan, cabin, or houseboat was not 55 years or older.

The February 2009 Topical North Queensland Repositioning Study, Final Report, prepared for the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism, noted that:

'The grey nomads are a key part of the visitor mix for the parks, and the region needs to better consider the potential, of these and other domestic drive market travellers going forward. Whilst a proportion of the grey nomads will seek out the free overnight roadside or council showground parks, there is a group who will happily pay a premium for better located and equipped parks' (Department of Resources Energy and Tourism 2009 p. 42).

In the following year, the Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism's State of the Industry, 2010 report noted that:

'Whilst older age groups are currently increasing domestic travel they do not necessarily contribute significantly to total expenditure. The typical pattern for older ‘grey nomads’ is to travel for significant periods of time but spend relatively little money in destinations visited' (Department of Resources Energy and Tourism 2010 p. 13).

The way that the domestic tourism understands, targets and surveys this grey nomad population informed the approach that the ABS took in trying to classify this population in the analysis that was undertaken in forming estimates of homelessness.

The ABS classified 2,466 people as 'grey nomads'. Of these, 2,144 or 87% owned the dwelling outright (a caravan, cabin or houseboat), 30 were owners with a mortgage and 114 were renting the caravan, cabin, or houseboat.

A1.1 'GREY NOMADS'(a), Tenure type - 2006(b)(c)

no.

Owned outright

2 148

Owned with a mortgage

29

Being purchased under a rent/buy scheme

-

Rented

114

Being occupied rent-free

10

Being occupied under a life tenure scheme

-

Other tenure type

14

Not stated

152

Total

2 466

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)

(a) 'Grey nomads' are those identified as people in dwellings where all people in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported having no usual address on Census night.

(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

(c) Numbers will differ slightly from those published in the Position Paper.

It is not possible to determine the relationships between the grey nomad visitors within these caravans, cabins, or houseboats because this information is not retained through Census processing. However most of these caravans and / or cabins had two people in them, (2,085 or 85%) and there were an even number of males and females. Of persons in a two person household, 92% were married. The ABS concluded that this group are predominantly people in couple relationships.

A1.2 'Grey nomads'(a), Sex and Number of persons in dwelling - 2006(b)(c)

Male

Female

Total

no.

no.

no.

1 person

286

91

377

2 persons

1 039

1 046

2 085

3 or more persons

3

3

6

Total

1 328

1 140

2 466

(a) 'Grey nomads' are those identified as people in dwellings where all people in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported having no usual address on Census Night.

(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

(c) Numbers will differ slightly from those published in the Position Paper.

Just over 45% of persons in this group were in a Statistical Division in 2005 that was different to the Statistical Division of enumeration on Census Night 2006, and a further 40% reported ‘no usual address’ in 2005 indicating a number of this group could have been travelling in their ‘caravan, cabin or houseboat’ for some time (over 12 months). For the 1,831 persons who were in northern Australia on Census Night 2006 (defined as Queensland, Northern Territory and northern Western Australia), approximately half reported a usual residence in southern areas one or five years earlier. The ABS concluded that this group may own their homes down south while they travelled in the north in their caravans.

Many of the persons in this group (1,831), were enumerated in Statistical Local Areas that are prime tourist destinations in coastal areas of northern Australia. Some of the most common areas included Hervey Bay in Queensland (often dubbed the ‘caravan capital of Australia’), along the coast north of Townsville, coastal area around Canarvon and Coral Bay in Western Australia, the tablelands west of Cairns and around Airlie Beach and the Whitsundays in Queensland. Approximately 80% of this group were located in a ‘caravan/residential park or camping ground’.

(a) 'Grey nomads' are those identified as people in dwellings where all people in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported having no usual address on Census Night.

(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

Income cannot be used as a factor to further refine this group because often grey nomads will be living off savings or smaller amounts from superannuation / annuities because they are retirees. 74% of grey nomads reported personal income of less than $400 per week. Unfortunately, the Census does not give an indication of wealth, which would be useful to further distinguish this group from those with no wealth and in receipt of low incomes. Low incomes correlated with the industry views about grey nomads. As noted earlier that this travelling group have low total expenditure.

The group identified through the Census as 'grey nomads' increased between 2001 and 2006. In 2001 the number identified as 'grey nomads' was 1,670, or 15% of persons in 'visitor only households' with 'no usual address'. This rose to 22% in 2006. In 2001 the group had similar characteristics to those in 2006. For example, 81% reported fully owning their dwelling, 10 grey nomads were owners with a mortgage and 69 were renting the dwelling. Similar to 2006, most of these caravans / cabins had two people in them and had an even number of males and females in them. The majority (74%) were located in Northern parts of Australia and 71% of grey nomads reported a usual address elsewhere in 2000.

The Position Paper referred to a study conducted by Tourism WA and Tourism Research Australia (2007) entitled Understanding the Caravan Industry in WA, in 2006. Tourism WA and Tourism Research Australia conducted qualitative and quantitative components as part of their study. The qualitative work identified distinct groups of caravan park travellers including a group they titled 'grey nomads' which was defined as
'older age group (over 55 years) on an extended trip, often including travel to other states in Australia'.

The quantitative component of the 2006 study (n=406) obtained information from travellers staying in Western Australian caravan parks between April and October 2006. The analysis showed that 40% of all travellers surveyed were grey nomads. Of these grey nomads 86% were adult couples; none were away for less than a month; 63% had more than three months away (mean number of nights was 212 or seven months); 88% had stayed in more than 20 caravan parks in the five years prior to the survey; all were visiting more than one state; none were travelling with children; and most grey nomads (91%) were retired and therefore had lower incomes (21% had incomes less than $20,000 per annum, 50% reported incomes between $20,000 and $50,000 and 29% $50,000 plus). All the grey nomads had visited states other than Western Australia.

The 2006 survey also collected information about the grey nomad's usual address finding that 88% reported a usual address interstate (not Western Australia) and 9% within Western Australia. The question seeking usual address information was a tick box question and provided no option for people to mark or write 'no usual address'. In addition, the term 'usual address' was not defined anywhere on the questionnaire, meaning the interpretation of 'usual address' was left to the respondent. The ABS therefore assumes that the definition was interpreted differently from the specific definition provided with the Census collection instrument.

OTHER TRAVELLERS

There are another 8,949 persons in 'visitor only households' with 'no usual address' who are classified as 'other travellers' and not included in the ABS homeless operational group 'persons staying temporarily with other households'. Other travellers are considered to be following a lifestyle choice of travelling from destination to destination on holiday or working. This group can be further divided based on their dwelling and tenure type.

Other Travellers in caravans, cabins or houseboats (excluding grey nomads)

Of the 8,949 other travellers, 3,474 persons were enumerated in a caravan, cabin or houseboat in the 2006 Census. Their Census characteristics were explored in the Position Paper, which concluded that these people were travelling around and have no usual address in the Census context because of their chosen lifestyle - they may well own a home elsewhere.

Of this group, 63% were in two person households on Census Night. Over three quarters (76%) fully owned or owned with a mortgage the caravan, cabin or houseboat that they were in on Census Night. Almost half (49%) of persons were aged over 50 years. For caravans, cabins and houseboats that were fully owned or owned with a mortgage, approximately 92% of persons were in a ‘caravan, cabin, houseboat’ that had two or more bedrooms, and over a third of persons had connection to the Internet, either through broadband, dial up or another connection. The large percentage reporting fully owning or owning their caravan with a mortgage indicates for many of this group their housing standards are a reflection of their lifestyle choices, rather than homelessness.

A further 38% were employed, either full-time, part-time or currently away from work. Some of the most common occupations in this group included fruit or nut pickers (10%), fruit and vegetable packers (5%), commercial cleaners (4%) and truck drivers and sales assistants (3% each). Most of these occupations indicate seasonal work, which could indicate they may be travelling around Australia in a ‘caravan, cabin or houseboat’ taking up seasonal work to support their lifestyle.

A1.4 Persons in visitor only households in a caravan, cabin, or houseboat not appearing as 'grey nomads'(a)(b), Tenure type and Number of persons in dwelling - 2006(c)

NUMBER OF PERSONS

1 person

2 persons

3 persons

4 persons

5 or more persons

Total

no.

no.

no.

no.

no.

no.

Owned outright

209

1 750

174

258

152

2 543

Owned with a mortgage

6

69

12

10

9

106

Being purchased under a rent/buy scheme

3

4

-

-

-

7

Rented

141

195

68

41

39

484

Being occupied rent-free

9

17

5

3

5

39

Being occupied under a life tenure scheme

-

-

-

-

-

-

Other tenure type

22

43

-

14

7

86

Not stated

79

106

10

4

10

209

Total

469

2 184

269

330

222

3 474

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)

(a) Except persons in caravans etc. in caravan park/residential park or camping ground who reported tenure of 'rent free' or 'rented' but didn't state their rent.

(b) 'Grey nomads' are those identified as people in dwellings where all people in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported having no usual address on Census Night.

(c) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

A1.5 Persons in visitor only households in a caravan, cabin or houseboat not appearing as 'grey nomads'(a)(b), Labour force status - 2006(c)

no.

Employed - worked full-time

794

Employed - worked part-time

399

Employed - away from work

139

Unemployed - looking for full-time work

182

Unemployed - looking for part-time work

128

Not in the labour force

1 434

Not stated

69

Not applicable(d)

329

Total

3 474

(a) Except persons in caravans etc. in caravan park/residential park or camping ground who reported tenure of 'rent free' or 'rented' but didn't state their rent.

(b) 'Grey nomads' are those identified as people in dwellings where all people in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported having no usual address on Census Night.

(c) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

(d) Includes children aged under 15 years.

A1.6 Persons in visitor only households in a caravan, cabin or houseboat not appearing as 'grey nomads'(a)(b), Dwelling location - 2006(c)

no.

Caravan/residential park or camping ground

2 786

Marina

82

Other

606

Total

3 474

(a) Except persons in caravan etc in caravan park/residential park or camping ground who reported tenure of 'rent free' or 'rented' but didn't state their rent.

(b) 'Grey nomads' are those identified as people in dwellings where all people in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported having no usual address on Census Night.

(c) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

Other travellers residing in their second dwelling / holiday home

Of the 8,949 other travellers, 2,350 persons with no usual address and in visitor only households were staying in dwellings (which were not caravans, cabins, or houseboats) which were fully owned or owned with a mortgage. Based on the analysis below, these people were classified into one of the following groups: people staying in their second dwelling, for example the dwelling was either a holiday home or that these people move frequently for employment reasons and split their usual residence between two (or more dwellings); or that they were in the process of moving (possibly to start retirement) and had moved from a former usual address.

Over two-thirds of persons in this group were in a dwelling with three or more bedrooms (Table A1.7). For those persons in a dwelling that was ‘owned with a mortgage’ (29%) and with a stated housing loan repayment, 94% had monthly repayments greater than $400, and approximately 60% had monthly repayments greater than $1,000.

Approximately half (48%) of this group were aged 50 years or over (Table A1.8) and 44% (Table A1.9) were not in the labour force which indicates some of the reporting of no usual address could indicate arrangements due to retirement lifestyle choices.

A1.7 Persons in visitor only households which were fully owned or owned with a mortgage, Number of bedrooms - 2006(a)

Number of bedrooms

no.

None (includes bedsitters)

135

1 bedroom

158

2 bedrooms

464

3 bedrooms

1 027

4 bedrooms

456

5 or more bedrooms

97

Not stated

10

Not applicable

3

Total

2 350

(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

A1.8 Persons in visitor only households which were fully owned or owned with a mortgage, Age group and number of persons in dwelling - 2006(a)

NUMBER OF PERSONS

1 person

2 persons

3 persons

4 persons

5 or more persons

Total

Age group (years)

no.

no.

no.

no.

no.

no.

0-9

-

9

46

69

37

161

10-19

4

16

15

22

28

85

20-29

80

111

43

13

17

264

30-39

148

121

63

57

20

409

40-49

120

93

40

29

16

298

50-59

153

272

31

15

6

477

60-69

111

286

21

10

5

433

70-79

64

79

8

7

3

161

80+

32

24

3

3

-

62

Total

712

1 011

270

225

132

2 350

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)

(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

A1.9 Persons in visitor only households which were fully owned or owned with a mortgage by labour force status, Labour force status - 2006(a)

no.

Employed - worked full-time

599

Employed - worked part-time

248

Employed - away from work

88

Unemployed - looking for full-time work

70

Unemployed - looking for part-time work

35

Not in the labour force

1 036

Not stated

68

Not applicable(b)

206

Total

2 350

(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

(b) Includes children aged under 15 years.

Other travellers moving around for work

There were another 2,957 of the 8,949 other travellers in 'visitor only households' who were renting dwellings which were not caravans, cabins or houseboats and who are not classified as homeless. Based on the analysis below it was concluded that these people were movers, temporarily accommodated in their new city or town, and who on Census Night were unable to report a usual address. Table A1.10 shows that of those who reported a weekly rent payment, 60% paid $200 or more per week. For the same period, SIH 2005-06 showed that the average rent for those with a private landlord was $223 per week (ABS 2007b). This indicates that the majority of these people were paying market rent. The SIH also showed that the average number of bedrooms per dwelling in 2005-06 was 3.06. For these visitor only dwellings in the Census, 40% were in a dwelling with two bedrooms, and a further 44% were in a dwelling with three or more bedrooms (Table A1.11).

40% of this group were classified as ‘not in the labour force’, a further 40% were employed (either full-time, part-time or away from work) and 7% were unemployed (Table A1.12). For persons that were employed the most common occupations included sales assistants, retail managers, waiters and chefs which can be high turnover occupations. The Methodological Review concluded that because people are in these types of occupations some of this group may not have stayed, or be intending to stay, at a particular address for six months or more.

A quarter of this group were aged between 20 and 29 years and another 20% were aged between 30 and 39 years (Table A1.12). Over 20% of this group were overseas in the year before the Census and 25% were in a different Statistical Division to their Statistical Division of enumeration (Table A1.13). Some of these movers may be temporarily accommodated in their new city or town, and on Census Night would be unable to report a usual address where they would be staying for six months or more in the Census year. Over two-thirds were in ‘major cities of Australia’ and the five Statistical Local Areas that were the most common places of enumeration included Surfers Paradise, North Sydney, inner city Newcastle, and Fairfield and Blacktown in Sydney.

A1.10 Persons who are in visitor only households, not in a caravan, cabin or houseboat, renting, Weekly rent payments - 2006(a)

Weekly rent payments

no.

$0-$49

52

$50-$99

242

$100-$149

346

$150-$199

350

$200-$249

343

$250-$299

264

$300-$349

186

$350-$449

224

$450-$549

148

$550 or more

311

Not stated

491

Total

2 957

(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

A1.11 Persons who are in visitor only households, not in a caravan, cabin or houseboat, renting, Number of bedrooms - 2006(a)

Number of bedrooms

no.

None (includes bedsitters)

92

1 bedroom

385

2 bedrooms

1 156

3 bedrooms

974

4 bedrooms

237

5 or more bedrooms

85

Not stated

28

Total

2 957

(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

A1.12 Persons who are in visitor only households, not in a caravan, cabin or houseboat, renting, Age group and labour force status - 2006(a)

LABOUR FORCE STATUS

Employed - worked full-time

Employed - worked part-time

Employed - away from work

Unemployed - looking for full-time work

Unemployed - looking for part-time work

Not in the labour force

Not stated

Not applicable

Total

Age Group (years)

no.

no.

no.

no.

no.

no.

no.

no.

no.

0-9

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

351

351

10-19

25

21

3

10

6

112

3

114

294

20-29

293

102

28

38

24

265

11

-

761

30-39

205

65

20

46

18

191

5

-

550

40-49

121

47

15

37

6

158

12

-

396

50-59

100

35

10

23

5

150

10

-

333

60-69

24

18

9

4

3

92

9

-

159

70-79

3

-

3

-

-

59

14

-

79

80 or over

3

-

3

-

-

22

6

-

34

Total

774

288

91

158

62

1 049

70

465

2 957

- nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)

(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

A1.13 Persons who are in visitor only households, not in a caravan, cabin or houseboat, renting, Whether in same Statistical Division 1 year ago - 2006(a)

Usual address 1 year ago in same SD of enumeration

no.

Same as in 2006

844

Elsewhere in Australia

720

No usual address 2005

581

Not stated

180

Overseas in 2005

607

Undefined

25

Total

2 957

(a) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data.

GREY NOMADS COMPARED TO OLDER TRAVELLERS

To understand grey nomads further, it is useful to compare them to older travellers who had the same key characteristics but reported a usual address elsewhere in Australia on Census Night.

The following tables and analysis compares grey nomads to older travellers, showing the similarities between the two groups.

Like grey nomads, older travellers are in 'visitor only households' are defined where all people in the dwelling are aged 55 years or over, were not in the labour force and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats on Census Night. The only difference is that, unlike the grey nomads, older travellers reported having a usual address elsewhere, for six months or more in the year of the Census. Tables A1.14-1.17 in this Appendix contrast the characteristics of older travellers with grey nomads on Census Night.

The ABS has classified 34,854 people as older travellers on Census Night in 2006. Like grey nomads, the majority (82%) of older travellers owned their caravan, cabin or houseboat, with a small proportion (8%) renting (compared to 87% and 5% respectively for grey nomads). Older travellers had similarly low incomes, with 66% earning less than $400 per week in personal income compared to 74% of grey nomads. The majority of both groups were enumerated in two-person dwellings, with 94% of older travellers and 85% of grey nomads enumerated in a caravan, cabin or houseboat that contained only two people on Census Night.

Older travellers and grey nomads were distributed similarly across remoteness areas, with 39% of older travellers and 33% of grey nomads being enumerated in major cities or inner regional Australia. Similar to grey nomads, the majority of older travellers were enumerated in Queensland (both 49%). Older travellers have a reported 'State of usual residence' and this item shows that, although 49% of them were enumerated in Queensland, only 13% were usual residents their. In addition, although 33% of older travellers permanently resided in Victoria, only 2% were staying there in winter, during Census enumeration. The Census is run in August each year which is the dry season in the north of Australia and winter in the south of Australia. Since the grey nomad population reported no usual residence, their 'State of enumeration' and their assumed 'State of usual residence' do not differ. The low percentage of grey nomads enumerated in Victoria (4%), and the high proportion enumerated in Queensland (49%) suggests that they are also on holidays (in similar locations to the older traveller group on Census Night) but for longer-term stays.

(a) 'Grey nomads' and 'Older travellers' are not considered to be homeless.

(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data. As a result cells may not add to the totals.

(c) Categories are mutually exclusive, therefore people appearing as 'Grey nomads' will not appear in the category 'Older travellers'.

(d) 'Grey nomads' are those identified as persons in dwellings where all persons in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported having no usual address on Census night.

(e) 'Older travallers' are those identified as persons in dwellings where all persons in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported a usual address on Census night.

(f) Includes negative and nil income.

(g) Includes persons who have completed a Certificate I or II as their highest non-school qualification but whose highest year of school completed was below Year 10.

(h) Includes persons with no educational attainment.

(i) Excludes inadequately described, at sea, not elsewhere classified or not stated.

(a) 'Grey nomads' and 'Older travellers' are not considered to be homeless.

(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data. As a result cells may not add to the totals.

(c) Categories are mutually exclusive, therefore people appearing as 'Grey nomads' will not appear in the category 'Older travellers'.

(d) 'Grey nomads' are those identified as persons in dwellings where all persons in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported having no usual address on Census night.

(e) 'Older travellers' are those identified as persons in dwellings where all persons in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported a usual address on Census night.

(f) Includes negative and nil income.

(g) Includes persons who have completed a Certificate I or II as their highest non-school qualification but whose highest year of school completed was below Year 10.

(h) Includes persons with no educational attainment.

(i) Excludes inadequately described, at sea, not elsewhere classified or not stated.

(a) 'Grey nomads' and 'Older travellers' are not considered to be homeless.

(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data. As a result cells may not add to the totals.

(c) Categories are mutually exclusive, therefore people appearing as 'Grey nomads' will not appear in the category 'Older travellers'.

(d) 'Grey nomads' are those identified as persons in dwellings where all persons in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported having no usual address on Census night.

(e) 'Older travellers' are those identified as persons in dwellings where all persons in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported a usual address on Census night.

(f) Includes negative and nil income.

(g) Includes persons who have completed a Certificate I or II as their highest non-school qualification but whose highest year of school completed was below Year 10.

(h) Includes persons with no educational attainment.

(i) Excludes inadequately described, at sea, not elsewhere classified or not stated.

(a) 'Grey nomads' and 'Older travellers' are not considered to be homeless.

(b) Cells in this table have been randomly adjusted to avoid the release of confidential data. As a result cells may not add to the totals.

(c) Categories are mutually exclusive, therefore people appearing as 'Grey nomads' will not appear in the category 'Older travellers'.

(d) 'Grey nomads' are those identified as persons in dwellings where all persons in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported having no usual address on Census night.

(e) 'Older travellers' are those identified as persons in dwellings where all persons in the dwelling were aged 55 years and over, were not in the labour force, and were staying in caravans, cabins or houseboats, who reported a usual address on Census night.

(f) Includes negative and nil income.

(g) Includes persons who have completed a Certificate I or II as their highest non-school qualification but whose highest year of school completed was below Year 10.

(h) Includes persons with no educational attainment.

(i) Excludes inadequately described, at sea, not elsewhere classified or not stated.