The rail link was completed in April 2005. In preparation for the opening of Hong Kong Disneyland on 12 September, the line started operating on 1 August 2005. The rolling stock is distinctive on account of its Mickey Mouse windows, interior couch seating, and Disneyland figurines displayed in the carriages.

On 4 September 2005, the Disneyland Resort line served nearly 40,000 passengers. Peak patronage occurs around 08:00-10:00 and 21:00–23:00 hours, at the parks' respective opening and closing times.

Contents

The Disneyland Resort line is 3.5 kilometres long, and has a travel time of around 6 minutes. Its track gauge is 1,432 mm (4 ft 83⁄8 in). The MTR designed a new driverless train and produced it by refitting existing M-Trains for the line which is designed with a Disney theme in mind. Bronze statues of well-known Disney characters, such as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, are included inside of the trains, and the windows are shaped not like squares but like Mickey Mouse's head.

All of the trains used on the Disneyland Resort line were originally ordered from 1994-1998 as subtype H-Stock train (Phase 3 EMU, A/C 270-291, B/C 486-496). MTR contracted Alstom for these trains, but they were made in England (as compared to the Phase 1 and 2 trains ordered from 1979–1989 and made by Metro-Cammell (also in England) which was acquired by GEC Alsthom (now Alstom) in 1989). Units A/C274 A/C281 A/C284 A/C289 A/C291 and B/C490 are now used on the Disneyland Resort line.

These trains are normally operated automatically without drivers; this is a first for the MTR network, followed by the South Island line. However, unlike the South Island Line, the operator's cab area has been retained, visible through the glass window at the train ends.

1.
Rapid transit
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Rapid transit, also known as heavy rail, metro, subway, tube, or underground, is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains and they are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land, variations of rapid transit include people movers, small-scale light metro, and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn. The worlds first rapid-transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened as a railway in 1863. In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, china has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world. The worlds longest single-operator rapid transit system by length is the Shanghai Metro. The worlds largest single rapid transit service provider by both length of revenue track (665 miles and number of stations is the New York City Subway. The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Tokyo subway system, the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the Moscow Metro, the Beijing Subway, Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. One of these terms may apply to a system, even if a large part of the network runs at ground level. In Scotland, however, the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway, in the US, underground mass transit systems are primarily known as subways, whereas the term metro is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area. In that vein, Chicagos commuter rail system, serving the area, is called Metra. Exceptions in naming rapid transit systems are Washington DCs subway system the Washington Metro, Los Angeles Metro Rail, and the Miami Metrorail, the opening of Londons steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked the beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant, experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. Electric traction was more efficient, faster and cleaner than steam, in 1890 the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Both railways were merged into London Underground. The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset, budapest in Hungary and Glasgow, Chicago and New York all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services, hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro, which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems

2.
MTR
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The Mass Transit Railway is the rapid transit railway system of Hong Kong. Opened in 1979, the system now includes 218.2 km of rail with 161 stations, operated by the MTR Corporation Limited, the MTR is one of the most profitable metro systems in the world, with a high farebox recovery ratio of 186%. Under the governments rail-led transport policy, the MTR system is a mode of public transport in Hong Kong. It consistently achieves a 99. 9% on-time rate on its train journeys, as of 2014, the MTR has a 48. 1% market share of the franchised public transport market, making it the most popular transport option in Hong Kong. The integration of the Octopus smart card fare-payment technology into the MTR system in September 1997 has further enhanced the ease of commuting on the MTR, construction started soon after the release of the study, and the first line opened in 1979. The MTR was immediately popular with residents of Hong Kong, as a result, there are continual debates regarding how and where to expand the MTR network. As a successful operation, the MTR has served as a model for other newly built systems in the world. During the 1960s, the government of Hong Kong saw a need to accommodate increasing traffic as Hong Kongs economy continued to grow strongly. In 1966, British transportation consultants Freeman, Fox, Wilbur Smith & Associates were appointed to study the system of Hong Kong. The study was based on the projection of the population of Hong Kong for 1986, on 1 September 1967, the consultants submitted the Hong Kong Mass Transport Study to the government, which recommended the construction of a 40-mile rapid transit rail system in Hong Kong. The study suggested that four rail lines be developed in six stages, detailed positions of lines and stations were presented in the study. These four lines were the Kwun Tong Line, Tsuen Wan Line, Island Line, the study was submitted to the Legislative Council on 14 February 1968. The consultants received new data from the 1966 by-census on 6 March 1968, a short supplementary report was submitted on 22 March 1968 and amended in June 1968. The by-census indicated that the projected 1986 population was reduced by more than one million from the estimate to 5,647,000. The dramatic reduction affected town planning, the population distribution was largely different from the original study. The projected 1986 populations of Castle Peak New Town, Sha Tin New Town, and, to an extent, Tsuen Wan New Town, were revised downward. In this updated scenario, the reduced the scale of the recommended system. The other lines would be placed in the list of extensions and this report led to the final study in 1970

3.
Tsuen Wan District
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Tsuen Wan District is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong. It is located in the New Territories and is served by the Tsuen Wan Line of the MTR metro system and its residents, who mostly live in Tsuen Wan Town, enjoy the highest income in the New Territories. Part of the Tsuen Wan New Town is located in the Tsuen Wan District, an exclave of Tsuen Wan is also located on the northeastern part of Lantau island. The district was set up in 1982 covering the present-day Tsuen Wan District, Kwai Chung and the island of Tsing Yi were split from Tsuen Wan District in the mid-1980s, and subsequently formed a new district known as Kwai Tsing. The Sam Tung Uk Museum is a cultural and agricultural museum and was set up in a former Hakka walled village, behind Tsuen Wan is Shin Mun reservoir, a valley that was once home to 10 villages that grew mostly pineapples. The dam that stops the reservoir is called Po Lo Pa, there were once disputes and fights among the Shing Mun valley dwellers and Tsuen Wan residents during the 18th century, over the levying of taxes for pineapple sales. The reservoir valley also has a lead mine, where some of the residents of Tsuen Wan used to work. Behind this is Tai Mo Shan, the tallest hill in Hong Kong, Tsuen Wan Station is the terminus of the line. Tai Wo Hau Station is also at Tsuen Wan District, West Rail Line also has a station at the coastal area of Tsuen Wan Town, named Tsuen Wan West Station. Disneyland Resort Line operates within the district, in the part of Lantau Island, consisting Sunny Bay Station. There are also tens of bus routes serving Tsuen Wan, mostly operated by Kowloon Motor Bus, Park Island Transport Co. Ltd. operates ferry services between Park Island on Ma Wan and Central and between Park Island and Tsuen Wan Pier. List of areas of Hong Kong Tsuen Wan District Council List and map of electoral constituencies Tsuen Wan New Town

4.
MTR Metro Cammell EMU (DC)
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The Metro Cammell EMU is the oldest variation of electric multiple unit that operates on the MTR rapid transit railway system in Hong Kong. 768 cars were ordered, built by Metro Cammell, and were refurbished starting in 1998 by the Australian company United Goninan, the M-Train, along with the later C-Train and ex-KCR stock, has five sets of double-leaf sliding doors on both sides of each car. This is opposed to K-Stock and A-Stock which use plug doors and they are currently operating primarily on the Tsuen Wan Line and Island Line but are also operating on the Kwun Tong Line and Tseung Kwan O Line alongside newer rolling stock. Each car is 3200 mm width over body panel, floor to rail is 1100 mm high, United Goninan was subsequently awarded a contract to maintain the MTR rolling stock. It is also interesting to note that such advances were not integrated into the M-Stock until late 2001. A service train has an acceleration of 1.0 m/s2, service brake is regenerative blend with air brake at the rate of 1.0 m/s2 and emergency brake is air-brake at 1.4 m/s2. The maximum speed for the M-Stock is 90 km/h, which is limited to 80 km/h during normal operation, primary suspension is chevron springs, while the secondary suspension is air bags. Traction system is through GTO chopper control, Each car has 45 seats and capable of holding 268 standing passengers, with space for wheelchairs. M-Train is divided into 6 types of stock, all I-Stock trains belong to Island Line, but all G-Stock, Q-Stock and H-Stock trains belong to Kwun Tong Line, Tseung Kwan O Line and Disneyland Resort Line respectively. The configuration of a M-train in revenue service is A-C-D-C-B-D-C-A or A-C-C-A, there was once a type of trains with all motor A-C-C-B-C-B-C-A, but it was ungrouped into Disneyland Resort Line trains. They were delivered from 1979–1982, and had their traction systems changed to GTO Chopper from Cam Shaft in 1992-1995 and they serve on the Kwun Tong Line. The T-Stock trains were the second batch of trains ordered by MTR and they were delivered from 1982–1985 and also had their traction systems changed to GTO Chopper in 1992-1995. They serve on the Tsuen Wan Line, only A/C182 changed their traction systems earlier. It was changed from Cam Shaft to RCT Chopper in 1983, the I-Stock trains were the third batch of trains, they were delivered from 1985–1986 and serve on the Island Line. B/C459 used Cam Shaft till 1987, however, all the other trains used RCT Chopper, while B/C459s parts were from A/C182. The G-Stock trains were built for the Eastern Harbour Crossing extension of the Kwun Tong Line, they were delivered from 1988–1989 and they were the last batch of MTR M-Trains to be made by Metro Cammell before being acquired by GEC Alsthom in 1989. The H-Stock trains were delivered from 1994–1998 and some units were refurbished to serve on the Disneyland Resort Line,88 cars were built locally in Kowloon Bay depot. The surplus cars are B/C459, B/C493, D737 and D784, some of the useful parts used on those trains have been removed in order to give them to other cars, so it may no longer be used

5.
Track gauge
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In rail transport, track gauge is the spacing of the rails on a railway track and is measured between the inner faces of the load-bearing rails. All vehicles on a network must have running gear that is compatible with the track gauge, as the dominant parameter determining interoperability, it is still frequently used as a descriptor of a route or network. There is a distinction between the gauge and actual gauge at some locality, due to divergence of track components from the nominal. Railway engineers use a device, like a caliper, to measure the actual gauge, the nominal track gauge is the distance between the inner faces of the rails. In current practice, it is specified at a distance below the rail head as the inner faces of the rail head are not necessarily vertical. In some cases in the earliest days of railways, the company saw itself as an infrastructure provider only. Colloquially the wagons might be referred to as four-foot gauge wagons, say and this nominal value does not equate to the flange spacing, as some freedom is allowed for. An infrastructure manager might specify new or replacement track components at a variation from the nominal gauge for pragmatic reasons. Track is defined in old Imperial units or in universally accepted metric units or SI units, Imperial units were established in United Kingdom by The Weights and Measures Act of 1824. In addition, there are constraints, such as the load-carrying capacity of axles. Narrow gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives, as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels. Narrow gauge is often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in civil engineering work can be substantial. Broader gauge railways are generally expensive to build and require wider curves. There is no single perfect gauge, because different environments and economic considerations come into play, a narrow gauge is superior if ones main considerations are economy and tight curvature. For direct, unimpeded routes with high traffic, a broad gauge may be preferable, the Standard, Russian, and 46 gauges are designed to strike a reasonable balance between these factors. In addition to the general trade-off, another important factor is standardization, once a standard has been chosen, and equipment, infrastructure, and training calibrated to that standard, conversion becomes difficult and expensive. This also makes it easier to adopt an existing standard than to invent a new one and this is true of many technologies, including railroad gauges. The reduced cost, greater efficiency, and greater economic opportunity offered by the use of a common standard explains why a number of gauges predominate worldwide

6.
Railway electrification system
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A railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure, selection of an electrification system is based on economics of energy supply, maintenance, and capital cost compared to the revenue obtained for freight and passenger traffic. Different systems are used for urban and intercity areas, some electric locomotives can switch to different supply voltages to allow flexibility in operation, Electric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network, some electric railways have their own dedicated generating stations and transmission lines but most purchase power from an electric utility. The railway usually provides its own lines, switches and transformers. Power is supplied to moving trains with a continuous conductor running along the track usually takes one of two forms. The first is a line or catenary wire suspended from poles or towers along the track or from structure or tunnel ceilings. Locomotives or multiple units pick up power from the wire with pantographs on their roofs that press a conductive strip against it with a spring or air pressure. Examples are described later in this article, the second is a third rail mounted at track level and contacted by a sliding pickup shoe. Both overhead wire and third-rail systems usually use the rails as the return conductor. In comparison to the alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions. Electric locomotives are usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and they have no local emissions, an important advantage in tunnels and urban areas. Different regions may use different supply voltages and frequencies, complicating through service, the limited clearances available under catenaries may preclude efficient double-stack container service. Possible lethal electric current due to risk of contact with high-voltage contact wires, overhead wires are safer than third rails, but they are often considered unsightly. These are independent of the system used, so that. The permissible range of voltages allowed for the voltages is as stated in standards BS EN50163. These take into account the number of trains drawing current and their distance from the substation, railways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century and early 20th century, most early electrified railways used DC and many still do, particularly rapid transit and trams

7.
Volt
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The volt is the derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force. One volt is defined as the difference in potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power between those points. It is also equal to the difference between two parallel, infinite planes spaced 1 meter apart that create an electric field of 1 newton per coulomb. Additionally, it is the difference between two points that will impart one joule of energy per coulomb of charge that passes through it. It can also be expressed as amperes times ohms, watts per ampere, or joules per coulomb, for the Josephson constant, KJ = 2e/h, the conventional value KJ-90 is used, K J-90 =0.4835979 GHz μ V. This standard is typically realized using an array of several thousand or tens of thousands of junctions. Empirically, several experiments have shown that the method is independent of device design, material, measurement setup, etc. in the water-flow analogy sometimes used to explain electric circuits by comparing them with water-filled pipes, voltage is likened to difference in water pressure. Current is proportional to the diameter of the pipe or the amount of water flowing at that pressure. A resistor would be a reduced diameter somewhere in the piping, the relationship between voltage and current is defined by Ohms Law. Ohms Law is analogous to the Hagen–Poiseuille equation, as both are linear models relating flux and potential in their respective systems, the voltage produced by each electrochemical cell in a battery is determined by the chemistry of that cell. Cells can be combined in series for multiples of that voltage, mechanical generators can usually be constructed to any voltage in a range of feasibility. High-voltage electric power lines,110 kV and up Lightning, Varies greatly. Volta had determined that the most effective pair of metals to produce electricity was zinc. In 1861, Latimer Clark and Sir Charles Bright coined the name volt for the unit of resistance, by 1873, the British Association for the Advancement of Science had defined the volt, ohm, and farad. In 1881, the International Electrical Congress, now the International Electrotechnical Commission and they made the volt equal to 108 cgs units of voltage, the cgs system at the time being the customary system of units in science. At that time, the volt was defined as the difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power. The international volt was defined in 1893 as 1/1.434 of the emf of a Clark cell and this definition was abandoned in 1908 in favor of a definition based on the international ohm and international ampere until the entire set of reproducible units was abandoned in 1948. Prior to the development of the Josephson junction voltage standard, the volt was maintained in laboratories using specially constructed batteries called standard cells

8.
Hong Kong Station
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Hong Kong is a station of the Hong Kong MTR metro system. The station is connected to Central Station by two tunnels, the walk between the two stations typically takes three to six minutes. The tunnels, which cross under Connaught Road Central, are equipped with moving walkways and this station provides an in-town check-in service for flights departing Hong Kong International Airport and free shuttle bus services to most major hotels in the Central and Wan Chai areas. Although two Airport Express platforms have been constructed, Platform 1 is the one in use. For the convenience of passengers, a stand and a hotel shuttle service are provided on the same level once the passenger has exited through the gates. The Tung Chung Line and Airport Express are located far away from each other. The Tung Chung Line concourse is located one level below the Airport Express platform, there, passengers have to ride an escalator down one more level to reach the Tung Chung Line trains. In July 2007, MTR installed two Self-service Point machines, for the first time in Hong Kong, at the Tung Chung Line platform and these unmanned machines help resolve passengers issues such as having lost the ticket or being unable to use the Octopus card to exit. They also have a conference system so that the staff can help passengers out. A1/A2, Two IFC B1/B2, Exchange Square I/II C, Douglas Street D, Exchange Square III E1/E2, One IFC F, all bus routes that are prefixed by a capital M terminate at the Airport Express station. The ones not prefixed by a capital M stop close by at either Exchange Square or Hong Kong Station Public Transport Interchange

9.
Hong Kong Disneyland Resort
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The Hong Kong Disneyland Resort is the second Disney park extension into Asia after the opening of the Tokyo Disney Resort more than 20 years ago. Currently, the Resort is overseen by managing director Andrew Kam who reports to Bill Ernest, President and managing director, Disney Parks & Resorts, in 1998, a Hong Kong theme park was proposed by Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. The designs made it the smallest of the Disneylands, the Legislative Council of Hong Kong gave approval in 1999 for funding the construction at a former shipyard. A joint-venture company, Hong Kong International Theme Parks Limited, was created in 1999 with Disney investing US$316 million for a 43% equity stake in the project. The Phase One build-out included a projected 10 million annual visitor Disneyland-style theme park,2,100 hotel rooms, the project was estimated to create 18,000 jobs at opening and up to 36,000 jobs over the following 20 years. In 2000, Disney announced a second Chinese theme park resort in mainland China, tourism workers associations and lawmakers want Disney to drop the mainland project to protect this and general tourism in Hong Kong. Disney promised not to such a park for eight years. Government Secretary for Economic Service Stephan Ip Shu-kwan and Walt Disney Attractions Chairman Judson Green signed the project agreement in November 2000. The government began dredging for the resort in July 2000. Fish around Ma Wan died as a result of land reclamation, the construction of the resort itself started in January 2003. The SARS outbreak of 2003 did slow but not stop building, inspiration Lake, an artificial lake of some 12 hectares, was also created to serve the resorts water irrigation needs. In an effort to avoid cultural friction similar to what happened when Euro Disney Resort opened in France, feng shui consultants have helped with the layout of the park and the grounds. The hotels will skip the four when numbering of their floors because four is considered bad luck. Hong Kong Disneyland Cast Members speak English, Cantonese, and Mandarin, around 500 of the Grand Opening Team were trained at Walt Disney World Resort while their home park was being constructed. Disney originally planned to serve shark fin soup, a traditional Chinese delicacy, at first, Disney removed shark fin soup from its menu but said that it would still offer the soup if their clients insisted on having it served at their wedding. They said they would distribute leaflets about shark conservation to discourage the choice, health inspectors were asked to remove their caps and badges when coming to inspect the facility after several reports of food poisoning. Although two of the officers did so, the department took offence, the park was projected to attract five to six million visitors in its opening year, mostly locals, tourists from mainland China and nearby Asian countries. To boost the attendance, Hong Kong Disneyland introduced Summer Passes in summer 2006 to attract more visitors

10.
The Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929

11.
Mickey Mouse
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Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928, an anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey has become one of the worlds most recognizable characters. Mickey first was seen in a single test screening, Mickey officially debuted in the short film Steamboat Willie, one of the first sound cartoons. He went on to appear in over 130 films, including The Band Concert, Brave Little Tailor, Mickey appeared primarily in short films, but also occasionally in feature-length films. Ten of Mickeys cartoons were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, one of which, Lend a Paw, in 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Beginning in 1930, Mickey has also featured extensively as a comic strip character. His self-titled newspaper strip, drawn primarily by Floyd Gottfredson, ran for 45 years. Mickey has also appeared in books such as Disney Italys Topolino, MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine, and Wizards of Mickey. He also appears in other such as video games as well as merchandising and is a meetable character at the Disney parks. Mickey generally appears alongside his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, his pet dog Pluto, his friends Donald Duck and Goofy, though originally characterized as a mischievous antihero, Mickey was rebranded over time as an everyman, usually seen as a flawed, but adventurous hero. I only hope that we never lose sight of one thing – that it was all started by a mouse, in the spring of 1928, with the series going strong, Disney asked Mintz for an increase in the budget. Angrily, Disney refused the deal and returned to produce the final Oswald cartoons he contractually owed Mintz, Disney was dismayed at the betrayal by his staff but determined to restart from scratch. The new Disney Studio initially consisted of animator Ub Iwerks and an apprentice artist, Les Clark. One lesson Disney learned from the experience was to always make sure that he owned all rights to the characters produced by his company. In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas, Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected and they would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected and it would later show up in Iwerks own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a mouse at his desk at Laugh-O-Gram Studio in Kansas City

12.
Donald Duck
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Donald Duck is a cartoon character created in 1934 at Walt Disney Productions. Donald is a white duck with a yellow-orange bill, legs. He typically wears a shirt and cap with a bow tie. Donald is most famous for his speech and his mischievous. Along with his friend Mickey Mouse, Donald is one of the most popular Disney characters and was included in TV Guides list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time in 2002. He has appeared in more films than any other Disney character, Donald Duck rose to fame with his comedic roles in animated cartoons. Donalds first appearance was in 1934 in The Wise Little Hen, throughout the next two decades, Donald appeared in over 150 theatrical films, several of which were recognized at the Academy Awards. In the 1930s, he appeared as part of a comic trio with Mickey. These films introduced Donalds love interest Daisy Duck and often included his three nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie, after the 1956 film Chips Ahoy, Donald appeared primarily in educational films before eventually returning to theatrical animation in Mickeys Christmas Carol. His most recent appearance in a film was 1999s Fantasia 2000. Donald has also appeared in features such as Mickey, Donald, Goofy, The Three Musketeers, television series such as Mickey Mouse Clubhouse. Beyond animation, Donald is primarily known for his appearances in comics, Donald was most famously drawn by Al Taliaferro, Carl Barks, and Don Rosa. Barks, in particular, is credited for expanding the Donald Duck universe, the world in which Donald lives. Donald has been a popular character in Europe, particularly in Nordic countries where his weekly magazine Donald Duck & Co was the most popular comics publication from the 1950s to 2009. Disney comics fandom is sometimes referred to as Donaldism, a term originated in Norway. The origins of Donald Ducks name may have inspired by Australian cricket legend Donald Bradman. In 1932 Bradman and the Australian team were touring North America, Walt Disney was in the process of creating a friend for Mickey Mouse when he possibly read about Bradmans dismissal in the papers and decided to name the new character Donald Duck. Voice performer Clarence Nash auditioned for Walt Disney Studios when he learned that Disney was looking for people to create animal sounds for his cartoons, Disney was particularly impressed with Nashs duck imitation and chose him to voice the new character