1920 – Polish-Bolshevik War: A decisive Polish victory in the Battle of Komarów.

1920 – First radio news program broadcast by station 8MK in Detroit, Michigan.

1939 – Nazi Germany mounts a staged attack on Gleiwitz radio station, giving them an excuse to attack Poland the following day, starting World War II in Europe.

1942 – In Ternopil, western Ukraine, at 4.30 am, German SS organize the first deportation of Jews from Ternopil ghetto to death camp in Belzec, about 5,000 Jews were deported to face death in Belzec. When the Germans captured Ternopil, about 18,000 Jews lived in the city.

1943 – The USS Harmon, the first U.S. Navy ship to be named for a black person, is commissioned.

1945 – The Liberal Party of Australia is founded by Robert Menzies.

1948 – Actor Robert Mitchum was arrested in a Hollywood drug raid. He would later be found guilty of criminal conspiracy to possess marijuana and was sentenced to 60 days in prison.

1957 – The Federation of Malaya gains its independence from the United Kingdom.

1962 – Trinidad and Tobago become independent.

1963 – Walter Cronkite began his stint as anchor of the CBS Evening News.

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1363 – Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang—are pitted against each other in what was one of the largest naval battles in history, during the last decade of the ailing, Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty.

1574 – Guru Ram Das became the Fourth Sikh Guru/Master.

1590 – Tokugawa Ieyasu enters Edo Castle.

1791 – The HMS Pandora sank after running aground on a reef the previous day.

1799 – Capture of the entire Dutch fleet by British forces under the command of Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell during the Second Coalition of the French Revolutionary Wars.

1897 – The town of Ambiky is captured by France from Menabe in Madagascar.

1896 – Eight provinces in the Philippines were declared under martial law by the Spanish Governor General Ramon Blanco. This included the provinces of Batangas, Rizal, Cavite, Nueva Ecija as well as the nearby areas.

1909 – Burgess Shale fossils discovered by Charles Doolittle Walcott.

1914 – Battle of Tannenberg.

1918 – Fanya Kaplan, an assassin, shoots and seriously injures Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin. This, along with the assassination of Bolshevik senior official Moisei Uritsky days earlier, prompts the decree for Red Terror.

1922 – Battle of Dumlupinar, final battle in Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) (“Turkish War of Independence”).

1914 – The Royal Navy beats the German fleet in the Battle of Heligoland Bight.

1916 – Germany declares war on Romania.

1916 – Italy declares war on Germany.

1917 – Ten suffragists are arrested when picketing the White House.

1924 – Georgian opposition stages the August Uprising against the Soviet Union.

1937 – Toyota Motors becomes an independent company.

1943 – In Denmark, a general strike against the Nazi occupation is started.

1944 – Marseille and Toulon are liberated.

1953 – Nippon Television broadcasts Japan’s first television show, including its first TV advertisement.

1961 – Motown releases what would be its first number one hit, “Please Mr. Postman” by The Marvelettes.

1963 – During a 200,000-person civil rights rally in at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., Martin Luther King, Jr. gives his famous “I Have a Dream”speech.

1964 – The Philadelphia race riot begins.

1968 – Riots in Chicago, Illinois, during the Democratic National Convention.

1971 – The dollar is allowed to float against the yen for the first time.

1979 – An IRA bomb explodes on the Grand Place in Brussels.

1981 – The National Centers for Disease Control announce a high incidence of Pneumocystis and Kaposi’s sarcoma in gay men. Soon, these will be recognized as symptoms of an immune disorder, which will be called AIDS.

1986 – US Navy officer Jerry A. Whitworth is sentenced to 365 years imprisonment for espionage for the Soviet Union.

1988 – Ramstein airshow disaster: Three aircraft of the Frecce Tricolori demonstration team collide and fall into the crowd. 69 are killed.

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479 BC – Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan commander of the Greek army in the Battle of Plataea. Along the with the Greek victory on the same day in the Battle of Mycale, the Persian invasion of Greece ended.

410 – Visigothic sack of Rome ends after three days.

663 – Remnants of the Korean Baekje Kingdom and their Yamato Japanese allies engage the combined naval forces of the Tang Chinese and Silla Koreans on the Geum River in Korea; the outcome is a significant Tang-Silla victory, while the Japanese would not attempt another invasion of Korea until the Imjin War of the late 16th century.

1232 – The Formulary of Adjudications is promulgated by Regent Hojo Yasutoki.

1689 – The Treaty of Nerchinsk is signed by Russia and the Qing empire.

1776 – Battle of Long Island, in present day Brooklyn, New York, British forces under General William Howe defeat Americans under General George Washington.

1793 – French counter-revolution, port of Toulon revolts and admits the British fleet, which lands troops and seizes the port leading to Siege of Toulon.

1798 – United Irishmen and French forces clash with the British army in the Battle of Castlebar, part of the Irish Rebellion of 1798.

1813 – Napoleon defeats the Austrians, Russians and Prussians at the Battle of Dresden.

1883 – Krakatoa, an Indonesian volcano, erupts. It is one of the most violent volcanic events in modern times.

1896 – Anglo-Zanzibar War: the shortest war in world history (09:00 to 09:45) between the United Kingdom and Zanzibar.

1900 – British defeat Boer commandos at Bergendal.

1920 – Radio Argentina begins regularly scheduled transmissions from the Teatro Coliseo in Buenos Aires, considered the world’s first public broadcast station.

1928 – Kellogg-Briand Pact, outlawing war, signed by sixty nations.

1939 – First flight of the Heinkel He 178, the first modern jet aircraft.

1952 – Reparation negotiations between West Germany and Israel end in Luxembourg; West Germany to pay 3 billion Deutschmark.

1957 – The Constitution of Malaysia came into force.

1962 – Mariner 2 launched to Venus.

1969 – The first installment of the Otoko wa Tsurai yo (It’s Tough Being a Man) movies is released in Japan. Director and screenplay writer Yoji Yamada went on to make 48 installments of the series, which is recognized in the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest running movie series.

1985 – The Nigerian government is peacefully overthrown by Army Chief of Staff Major General Ibrahim Babangida.

1990 – The British Broadcasting Corporation launches BBC Radio Five Live at 9am GMT with a mixture of sports, news, and children’s programming.

1991 – The European Community recognizes the independence of the Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

1991 – Moldova declares independence from the USSR.

1993 – The Florida Department of Transportation decides to cease producing its distinctive colored U.S. Highway shields so that it can make use of Federal funds for those signs.

1993 – The Rainbow Bridge, connecting Tokyo’s Shibaura and the island of Odaiba, is completed.

2000 – Ostankino Tower in Moscow catches fire, three people are killed.

2003 – Mars makes its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years, passing approximately 34,646,416 miles (55,758,006 kilometers) from Earth.

2006 – Comair Flight 5191 crashed en route from Blue Grass Airport in Lexington, Kentucky, to Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport in Atlanta, Georgia. Forty-nine of the 50 people aboard the flight were confirmed dead in the hours following the crash

1789 – Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen approved by Constituent Assembly at Palace of Versailles.

1818 – The first Illinois Constitution was signed in Kaskaskia.

1839 – The ship Amistad is captured off Long Island.

1858 – First news dispatch by telegraph.

1862 – American Civil War: The Second Battle of Bull Run begins.

1883 – Eruption of Mount Krakatoa.

1914 – World War I: Germans defeat Russians in Battle of Tannenberg, a decisive engagement which resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Russian 2nd Army.

1914 – World War I: The British Expeditionary Force briefly checks the German advance at Le Cateau.

1914 – World War I: The German colony of Togoland is invaded by French and British forces, who take it after 5 days.

1920 – 19th amendment to U.S. Constitution gives women the right to vote.

1922 – Turkish Army started the last attack on Greeks in the Turkish War of Independence.

1924 – Catastrophe of Smyrna, known as the Asia Minor Catastrophe to Greeks, occurs. The Ottoman army expels Greeks and other non-Turks from Asia Minor in systematic ethnic cleansing.

1939 – The first Major League Baseball game is telecast, a double-header between the Cincinnati Reds and the Brooklyn Dodgers at Ebbets Field, in Brooklyn, New York.

1940 – Chad is the first French colony to join the Allies under the administration of Félix Éboué, France’s first black colonial governor.

1942 – Holocaust in Chortkiv, western Ukraine: At 2.30 am the German Schutzpolizei starts driving Jews out of houses, splits in groups of 120, packs them in freight cars and deports 2,000 Jews to Belzec death camp. 500 of the sick and children murdered on the spot.

1944 – World War II: Charles de Gaulle enters Paris.

1957 – The USSR announces the successful test of an ICBM – a “super long distance intercontinental multistage ballistic rocket … a few days ago,” according to the Soviet news agency, TASS.

1968 – The Democratic National Convention opens in Chicago, Illinois.

1972 – Games of the XX Olympiad open in Munich, Germany.

1976 – Raymond Barre becomes Prime Minister of France.

1977 – Charter of the French Language is adopted by the National Assembly of Quebec

1978 – Papal conclave, 1978 (August): Pope John Paul I is elevated to the Papacy.

1978 – Sigmund Jähn becomes first German cosmonaut on board of the Soyuz 31 spacecraft.