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Response from support@wolfram.com:
Thanks for contacting Wolfram Technical Support and for taking the time to send in the report. This is indeed a wrong behaviour of HighlightImage, specifically for how it deals with regions. I've filed an incidence report and I will keep you posted for any updates on this issue.
Thanks again for bringing the issue ...

You may want to do some processing on the image before your Binarize it.
Working with the Blue channel of your jpg:
img = ColorSeparate[Import["tRGTt.jpg", "JPG"]][[2]];
Use a BottomHatTransform to correct the background
img2 = Binarize[BottomHatTransform[img, DiskMatrix[15]]]
There are many ComponentMeasurements options you can play with to be ...

Click on your figure. Then a set of graphics tools will appear beneath your figure. Use the Coordinates Tool. One by one, click on the corners of the region you seek. Then use the window below to Copy Coordinates. Here the ones I get for the front W face of your figure:
{{72.5`, 507.5`}, {70.5`, 158.5`}, {135.5`, 140.5`}, {136.5`,
484.5`}, {209.5`, ...

The "Byte" image type corresponds to images encoded using 8-bit unsigned integers.
According to the Documentation page for ImageType (under the "Backgound" section):
Many image processing functions automatically convert integer-type
images to a real type for higher accuracy prior to computation.
So in general image-processing function may convert ...

As you can see in its documentation, you can specify what format ImageData should use to return its output. Let's use your avatar as an example:
img = Import["http://i.stack.imgur.com/6m6HE.jpg?s=328&g=1"];
ImageType[img] (*Out: Byte *)
Total[ImageData[img, "Byte"], -1] (*Out: 42543966 *)
Total[ImageData[img, ...

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