Miscellaneous Maxims and Opinions, the first supplement to Human, All Too Human, first published in 1879. A second supplement, The Wanderer and his Shadow (Der Wanderer und sein Schatten) followed in 1880.

The Happiness of the Historian. "When we hear the hair-splitting metaphysicians and prophets of the after-world speak, we others feel indeed that we are the "poor in spirit” but that ours is the heavenly kingdom of change, with spring and autumn, summer and winter, and theirs the afterworld, with its grey, everlasting frosts and shadows”. Thus soliloquised a man as he walked in the morning sunshine, a man who in his pursuit of history has constantly changed not only his mind but his heart. In contrast to the metaphysicians, he is happy to harbour in himself not an "immortal soul" but many mortal souls.