Researchers aim to make the strongest possible conclusions from limited amounts of data. To do this, they need to overcome
two problems. First, important differences in the findings can be obscured by natural variability and experimental imprecision.
Thus, it is difficult to distinguish real differences from random variability. Second, researchers' natural inclination is
to conclude that differences are real, and to minimise the contribution of random variability. Statistical probability minimises
this from happening.1

Statistical probability or p values reveal whether the findings in a research study are statistically significant, meaning
that the findings are unlikely to have occurred by chance. To understand the p value …