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Graphene markets will grow from around $20 million in 2014 to more than $390 million in 2024 at the material level. The market will be split across many application sectors; each attracting a different type of graphene manufactured using different means. The market today remains dominated by research interest but the composition will change as other sectors such as energy storage and composites grow. The value chain will also transform as companies will move up the chain to offer intermediary products, capturing more value and cutting the time to market and uncertainty for end users.

IDTechEx has been closely tracking the graphene market for over two years. It has formally interviewed and profiled more than 25 key players and end users. At the same time, IDTechEx has organised three leading conference on the topic, bringing together key players and learning the latest information first hand. IDTechEx has visited numerous other conferences and has compiled profiles on another 50 companies and organisations. Finally, IDTechEx has carried out many consultancy projects on the topic, giving it strong strategic insights.

Interest in graphene remains strong. Companies on the
market multiply every year and academic investment continues to pour in. For example, the European Union has committed 1 billion Euros over a decade to research on graphene and other 2D materials, while the Korean and UK governments have each, respectively, committed at least $40 and £24 million in the past two years. At the same time, several graphene companies have floated on the public markets, fetching large valuations and therefore demonstrating the continued appetite for investment in graphene. IDTechEx counts approximately $60 million of investment in private graphene companies over the years.

Graphene is still in search of its killer application that delivers a unique value proposition or a first mover advantage. In the absence of such applications, the commercialisation process remains a substitution game. This is not meritless as graphene can target a broad spectrum of applications including energy storage, composites, functional inks, electronics, etc. The value proposition of graphene, the competitive landscape, the technical requirements, and the likely graphene manufacturing techniques will be different for each sector, resulting in market fragmentation. Therefore, the graphene market will in fact grow to consist of multiple subsets.

Functional inks are technologically the lowest hanging fruit for graphene suppliers. These inks offer low temperature processing, compatibility with several printing processes, and also ruggedness. They however occupy an awkward position in the conductivity ladder. They sit many orders of magnitude below metallic inks and pastes (silver and copper) but just above carbon paste. They must therefore identify sectors where metallic inks/pastes grossly overshoot the market requirements or sectors where carbon pastes just undershoot. The main target applications are RFID and smart packaging. These markets are characterised by low material consumption per unit therefore high volume adoption is needed to generate profitable operations. A potential differentiation from carbon paste can come in the form of transparency, which is fast being developed.

Energy storage is a very attractive target market for graphene. Supercapacitor is a high-growth sector. IDTechEx expects this market to register a 30% CAGR over the coming decade. Graphene may deliver value here thanks to high surface-to-volume ratio and early laboratory results, although technical hurdles that prevent utilisation of the full surface and in-plane conductivity remain. At the same time, activated carbon remains well-entrenched with prices as low as 5 $/Kg. There is however much interest and work behind the scenes and we expect the market to grow rapidly after 2019. Several products have also been launched to target the Li ion market, which is an attractive sector thanks to its sheet size. Here, benchmarking performance is more difficult owing to the multiplicity of chemistries and designs of Li ion batteries.

The transparent conductive film market is a also large and growing market. ITO films remain the dominant solution on the market and leaders here are ramping up the production capacity. The market however is transforming thanks to new entrants and also drivers such as growing needs for ultra-low sheet resistance, mechanical robustness and lower prices. Many alternatives are emerging including silver nanowires, metal mesh, PEDOT, and carbon nanotubes. Graphene can also be a transparent conductor but its performance is at best on a part with ITO on film, and is therefore not positioned to benefit from industry trends unless major innovation happens on the production side particularly around the CVD transfer process. Other electronic markets such as transistors are out of reach for graphene due to the absence of a bandgap.

The composite sector is also large and fragmented with many needs. Here, graphene can deliver value as an additive. Here, graphene nanoplatelets will be used. A strong point for graphene is that it can create multi-functionality. In other words, it can help increase electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, impermeability, mechanical strength, etc. A key value add will be achieving the equivalent of, or better than, what graphite or black carbon can do with much less material usage. The lower %wt will also enable a slight room for premium charging

The report provides the following:

1. A comprehensive and quantitative technology assessment covering all the main manufacturing techniques, highlighting key challenges and unresolved technical hurdles, and the latest developments2. Ten-year forecasts at the material level segmented by application3. Detailed breakdown of company revenues and investments4. Detailed sector by sector market assessment outlining the addressable market size (where relevant) and assessing graphene's existing and potential value proposition vis-à-vis competition (ITO, graphite, activated carbon, silver nanowires, black carbon, metallic inks, etc)5. Competitive landscape listing all the major competitors and their production technique and key products6. Strategic insights on the state of the industry and key trends/drivers

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“Graphene Markets Will Grow From Around $20 Million In 2014 To More Than $390 Million In 2024”

FEATURED COMPANIES

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1.1. Ideal graphene vis-à-vis reality1.2. Attributes of graphene manufacturing techniques1.3. The state of the industry and best way going forward1.4. Markets overview and forecasts1.5. Players

2. INTRODUCTION2.1. What is graphene?2.2. Why is graphene so great?

3. THERE ARE MANY TYPES OF GRAPHENE

4. COST-EFFECTIVE AND SCALABLE MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUE IS THE HOLY GRAIL

5. THE STATE OF INVESTMENT, PRODUCTION AND REVENUE IN THE GRAPHENE MARKET

6. MOVING UP THE VALUE CHAIN IS CRITICAL6.1. Who will be the winner in the graphene space?

7. THE IP ACTIVITY IS MOVING FROM THE MANUFACTURING SIDE TO COVER END USES

14. TRANSISTORS AND LOGIC14.1. Graphene- is it good for transistors?14.1.1. Digital applications14.1.2. Analogue/RF electronics14.1.3. Large area electronics- a comparison with other thin film transistor technologies14.2. Conclusions

15. GRAPHENE IN POLYMERIC COMPOSITES15.1. Graphene/polymeric composites15.2. How does graphene enhance the performance of polymers and composites?15.3. Which applications/market segments will benefit from graphene-enabled polymers/composites?15.4. Our assessment15.5. Conclusions

19. GRAPHENE INKS IN RFID TAGS19.1. The big picture - number of tags, classifications, price tags19.2. What are the material options for RFID tags and how do they compare?19.3. Does graphene deliver a value in this crowded market?19.4. Market shares19.5. Other graphene uses19.5.1. Condom19.5.2. Water purification

1.1. Illustrating how the many manufacturing techniques affect graphene quality, cost, scalability and accessible market1.2. Estimating amount of investment in graphene companies (by company)1.3. Estimating amount of revenue in the graphene industry by company. In million USD1.4. Graphene companies having moved, or planning to move, up the value chain to offer graphene intermediaries1.5. Market forecast for graphene in different applications between 2012-20182.1. Examples of graphene nanostructures3.1. Different graphene types available on the market3.2. Illustrating how the many manufacturing techniques affect graphene quality, cost, scalability and accessible market4.1. Mapping out different manufacturing techniques as a function of graphene quality, cost, accessible market and scalability5.1. The state of technology company development in the graphene space5.2. Latest news about graphene investment and graphene floatation5.3. Estimating amount of investment in graphene companies. Values are in millions5.4. Estimating amount of revenue in the graphene industry by company (US$ million)5.5. Mapping the link between universities and various start-ups in the graphene space.6.1. A basic illustration of graphene value chain from precursor to end product6.2. Graphene companies having moved, or planning to move, up the value chain to offer graphene intermediaries7.1. Graphene patents filed by year and by patent authority7.2. Patent filing by company or institution and by patent authority7.3. Number of papers with the word graphene in the title as a function of year based on Web of Science analysis8.1. Structural changes when going from graphite to graphite oxide and graphene8.2. Oxidisation reduction damages the graphene lattice8.3. Sheet resistance as a function of transmittance for different RGO graphenes8.4. Market position for RGO graphene on a performance cost map.9.1. CVD manufacturing process flow 9.2. Example of large-sized cylindrical copper furnace9.3. Flowchart for a typical transfer process of graphene off a conductive substrate9.4. How graphene sheets are transferred and stamped9.5. Improved recipe toward clean and crackless transfer of graphene9.6. Roll-to-roll transfer of graphene sheets on flexible substrates9.7. Transferring graphene onto a destination substrate using self-release layers9.8. Transferring CVD graphene using the bubbling method9.9. A roll-to-roll method of transfer graphene off a Cu substrate onto a flexible destination substrate9.10. Production process of graphene powders using a substrate-less CVD9.11. Comparing conductivity of PPG's plasma graphene and exfoliated GNP formulations9.12. Market position of CVD graphene on a performance-price map 10.1. From natural graphene to inkjet ink via liquid-phase exfoliation10.2. Liquid-phase exfoliation 10.3. Market position of liquid-phase exfoliated graphene on a performance-price map12.1. Product development timeline per application sector12.2. Head tennis racquet containing graphene13.1. Ten year market forecast for conductive inks13.2. Examples of printed RFID antennas and smart packaging with graphene13.3. The cost structure of a typical RFID antenna14.1. Cut-off frequency as a function of channel length for different active channels and Degradation output characteristics of graphene transistors16.1. Graphene supercapacitors on Ragone plots16.2. Graphene-enabled performance benefit in lithium ion batteries17.1. Ten year market forecast in million USD for TCFs and TCGs by application17.2. ITO on film production capacity worldwide17.3. Optical transmission as a function of sheet resistance for ITO-on-PET sold by main industry suppliers17.4. Sheet resistance as a function of transmittance for best laboratory scale graphene derived using the oxidation-reduction techniques (it produces powders)17.5. Sheet resistance as a function of transmittance for best laboratory scale graphene derived using CVD (it produces sheets)17.6. Sheet resistance as a function of transmission for graphene compared with ITO17.7. Sheet resistance as a function of thickness for different TCF technologies17.8. Sheet resistance as a function of bending angle for graphene, CNT and ITO films17.9. Flexible graphene transparent conductive sheet17.10. Prototype of a graphene-enabled touch sensor17.11. Prototype of a large-sized graphene transparent conductive film17.12. Examples of flexible transparent conductors realised using non-graphene materials. These materials include PDOT:PSS, CNT, Silver nanoparticle, silver nanowire, etc18.1. Schematic of a supercapacitor structure18.2. Ten year market forecast for supercapacitor18.3. Graphene supercapacitors on Ragone plots18.4. Assessing the value proposition for graphene in different supercapacitor applications19.1. Examples of RFID antennas in 125KHz, 33.56 MHZ, UHF and 2.45GHZ bands19.2. Examples of HF antennas19.3. The approximate cost breakdown of different components in a typical UHF RF ID tag19.4. RFID tags growth 19.5. Cost projection for antennas made using different materials (material costs only)19.6. Example of roll-to-roll printed graphene RFID tags by Vorbeck19.7. Market share for each material or ink option in the RFID tag business19.8. Benchmarking the market readiness of various nanotechnology-based water purification methods including CNT membrane, zeolite nanocrystals, ZnO nanowires, silver nanowires, TiO2 UV, etc. 20.1. Market forecast for graphene in different applications between 2014-202422.1. The amount of composite materials used in recent airbus planes22.2. The amount of structural weight of composites used in planes, in %, as a function of year22.3. Effect of different nanomaterials in resin fracture toughness22.4. Locations and products of Cambridge Graphene Platform22.5. Improvement formulation with addition of GRIDSTM 18022.6. Schematic of the epitaxial process used to grow graphene22.7. Hotmelt-Prepreg-Production22.8. LM graphene synthesis and processing R&D22.12. Silicon carbide wafer22.17. Comparison of carbon fibre and graphene reinforcement22.18. Making graphene supercapacitors22.19. High-performance laser scribed graphene electrodes (LSG)22.20. Graphene supercapacitor properties22.21. Flexible, all-solid-state supercapacitors

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“Graphene Markets Will Grow From Around $20 Million In 2014 To More Than $390 Million In 2024”

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