Microbial diversity of a Himalayan forest and characterization of rare actinomycetes for antimicrobial compounds

Abstract

The slow pace of discovery of new effective drugs against multi-drug resistant pathogens and largely unsuccessful combinatorial chemistry has resulted in shifting the focus back to natural products as sources of lead molecules for antimicrobial drugs, mainly due to their structural diversity. Investigation of under-explored habitats for potentially novel microorganisms provides for wider chemodiversity. In this study, four actinomycetes, namely UK-274, UK-281, UK-282 and UK-285, which showed broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities, were isolated from Timli forest range of the biodiversity-rich Himalayan region. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the nearest neighbours of the isolates were Actinomadura nitrigenes, Streptomyces niveiscabiei, and Kitasatospora psammotica with similarity values ranging between 97 and 98% suggesting their potential as new isolates. Further morphological and phenotypic characterization strengthened this assumption. Isolate UK-282, of the rare actinomycetes Kitasatospora group, was found to produce antimicrobial activity. Metabolite fingerprinting of ethyl acetate fraction of isolate UK-282 by GC–MS and 1H NMR analysis showed the presence of three novel compounds. The study underlines that a combination approach of bioprospecting of under-studied habitats and focus on rare actinomycetes may result in the identification of novel chemodiversity.

Notes

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida for providing the necessary facilities. We acknowledge, Advanced Institute of Research Facility (AIRF), Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, for GC–MS analyses. Nidhi Srivastava thanks the Indian Council of Medical Research, Government of India, for providing ICMR fellowship [3/1/3JRF-2013/HRD-136 (30690)].

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

On the behalf of all authors, corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Compliance with ethical requirements

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.