Hong Kong Jobless Rate Flat at 3.3%

Hong Kong seasonally adjusted unemployment rate remained unchanged for the fourth consecutive period at 3.3 percent in the three months to October 2015, as widely expected, and the underemployment rate also remained unchanged at 1.4 percent. Both total employment and labour force grew modestly over a year earlier.

Comparing August - October 2015 with the previous period, the number of unemployed persons (not seasonally adjusted) decreased by around 3 500 to 132 300 from 135 800. The number of underemployed persons in August - October 2015 was 53 600, about the same (53 400) in July - September 2015.

Increases in the unemployment rate were mainly seen in the professional and business services sector (excluding cleaning and similar activities), information and communications sector and retail sector; while decreases were mainly seen in the arts, entertainment and recreation sector, accommodation services sector and repair, laundry, domestic and other personal service activities sector. As to the underemployment rate, an increase was mainly observed in the cleaning and similar activities sector while a decrease was mainly seen in the foundation and superstructure works of the construction sector.

Total employment decreased by around 6 300 from 3 796 200 in July - September 2015 to 3 789 900 in August - October 2015. Over the same period, the labour force also decreased by around 9 900 from 3 932 100 to 3 922 200.

Hong Kong Jobless Rate at 16-Month High of 2.9%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong increased to 2.9 percent in the three months to July of 2019 from 2.8 percent in the previous period. It was the highest jobless rate since the three months to March period of 2018. The underemployment rate was unchanged at 1.0 percent, the same as in the previous period. Published on 2019-08-19

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at Over 21-Year Low
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was unchanged at 2.8 percent in the three months to June 2019, remaining the lowest jobless rate since January 1998. Also, the underemployment rate stood at 1.0 percent, the same as in the previous period.Published on 2019-07-18

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Unchanged at Over 21-Year Low
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 2.8 percent in the three months to March 2019, remaining the lowest jobless rate since January 1998. Also, the underemployment rate was unchanged at 1.0 percent, the same as in the previous period.Published on 2019-04-18

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at Over 21-Year Low
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was unchanged at 2.8 percent in the three months to February 2019, remaining the lowest jobless rate since January 1998. Meantime, the underemployment rate fell to 1.0 percent in the December-February period from 1.1 percent in the prior period.Published on 2019-03-19

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Unchanged at 21-Year Low
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 2.8 percent in the three months to January 2019, remaining the lowest jobless rate since January 1998. The underemployment also remained unchanged at 1.1 percent in the November-January period. Published on 2019-02-21

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at Near 21-Year Low
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was unchanged at 2.8 percent in the three months to December of 2018, remaining the lowest jobless rate since January of 1998. Also, the underemployment rate was steady at 1.2 percent, the same as in the previous period.Published on 2019-01-17

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Unchanged at Near 21-Year Low
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 2.8 percent in the three months to November of 2018, remaining the lowest jobless rate since January of 1998. The underemployment rate also remained unchanged at 1.2 percent, the same as in the August-October period. Published on 2018-12-18

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at Over 20-Year Low
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 2.8 percent in the three months to October of 2018, remaining the lowest jobless rate since January of 1998. The underemployment rate also remained unchanged at 1.2 percent, the same as in the July-September period. Published on 2018-11-16

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Remains Lowest in Over 20 Years
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was unchanged at a 20-year low of 2.8 percent in the three months to September 2018. The underemployment rate, however, edged up to 1.2 percent from 1.1 percent in the June-August period. Published on 2018-10-19

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Unchanged at 20-Year Low of 2.8%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was unchanged at a 20-year low of 2.8 percent in the three months to August 2018. Also, the underemployment rate was steady at 1.1 percent, the same as in the previous period.Published on 2018-09-18

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Holds Steady at 2.8%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was unchanged at a 20-year low of 2.8 percent in the three months to July 2018. The underemployment rate, however, edged up to 1.1 percent from 1 percent in the April-June period.Published on 2018-08-17

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Unchanged at 2.8%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was unchanged at 2.8 percent in the three months to June of 2018, the same as in the previous period. It remained the lowest rate since 1998. Published on 2018-07-19

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Falls to Fresh 20-Year Low
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong fell to 2.8 percent in the three months to April of 2018, easing from 2.9 percent in the previous period. It remained the lowest rate since 1998.
Published on 2018-05-17

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Lowest Since 1998
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was unchanged at 2.9 percent in the three months to March of 2018, the same as in each of the previous three periods. It remains the lowest rate since 1998.Published on 2018-04-19

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at 2.9%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong remained unchanged at 2.9 percent in the three months to February of 2018, the same as in the two previous periods. Published on 2018-03-19

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Unchanged at 20-Year Low
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 2.9 percent in the three months to January of 2018, unchanged from the previous period's 20-year low. The number of unemployed and underemployed continued to decline while employment increased further.Published on 2018-02-22

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Falls to Lowest Since 1998
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong declined to 2.9 percent in the three months to December of 2017 from 3.0 percent in the previous period. It was the lowest jobless rate since January of 1998, mostly due to decreases in the real state and construction sector. Meanwhile, the underemployment rate remained unchanged at 1.1 percent for the sixth consecutive period.Published on 2018-01-18

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at 3.0%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong remained unchanged at 3.0 percent in the three months to November of 2017. The number of unemployed and underemployed persons declined and employment slightly increased while the labour force fell.Published on 2017-12-18

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Lowest Since 1998
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong decreased to 3.0 percent in the three months to October of 2017, after four consecutive months of a 3.1 percent rate. It was the lowest unemployment rate since February 1998. Meanwhile, the underemployment remained at 1.1 percent for the fourth consecutive three-month period.Published on 2017-11-16

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at 3.1%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 3.1 percent for the fourth consecutive three-month period in September of 2017. It remains the lowest jobless rate since February of 2014, as unemployment fell mainly in the professional and business services (excluding cleaning and similar activities) and retail sectors. The underemployment rate remained unchanged at 1.1 percent, the lowest level in almost two decades. Published on 2017-10-19

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady For 3rd Month
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 3.1 percent in the three month to August of 2017, unchanged from the previous two periods. It remains the lowest jobless rate since February of 2014. The underemployment rate also remained unchanged at 1.1 percent, the lowest level in almost two decades.Published on 2017-09-18

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at 3.1% in July
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 3.1 percent in the three months to July of 2017, unchanged from the previous period. It remains the lowest jobless rate since February of 2014. The underemployment rate fell to 1.1 percent, the lowest level in almost two decades.Published on 2017-08-17

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Lowest In Over 3 Years
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong decreased to 3.1 percent in the three months to June of 2017, from 3.2 percent in the previous period. It was the lowest jobless rate since February of 2014. The underemployment rate remained unchanged at 1.2 percent.Published on 2017-07-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Remains At 3.2%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 3.2 percent in the three months to May of 2017, unchanged from the previous two periods and the lowest since mid 2014. The underemployment rate also remained steady at 1.2 percent.Published on 2017-06-20

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady At 3.2%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 3.2 percent in the three months to April 2017, unchanged from the previous period. The underemployment rate also was steady at 1.2 percent.Published on 2017-05-19

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Lowest Since 2014
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong declined to 3.2 percent in the three months to March 2017, from 3.3 percent in the previous period. It was the lowest jobless rate since June of 2014. The underemployment rate remained unchanged at 1.2 percent.Published on 2017-04-21

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Steady At 3.3%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 3.3 percent in the three months to February 2017, the same as in the previous period. The underemployment rate decreased to 1.2 percent from 1.3 percent in November 2016 - January 2017. The jobless rate benefited from the relative improvement of inbound tourism and in more buoyant business activities during the festive period.Published on 2017-03-16

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Flat at 3.3%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 3.3 percent in the three months to January of 2017, the same as in the previous two periods. The underemployment rate decreased to 1.3 percent from 1.4 percent in October-December 2016. The jobless rate benefited from the relative improvement of inbound tourism in the more recent periods and the usually more buoyant business activities in the run-up to the Lunar New Year.Published on 2017-02-20

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady At 3.3%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong stood at 3.3 percent in the three months to December 2016, the same as in the previous month. The underemployment rate remained unchanged at 1.4 percent for the tenth straight period.
Published on 2017-01-19

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Falls To 3.3%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong edged down to 3.3 percent in the three months to November 2016, after staying at 3.4 percent for eight consecutive periods. The figure came in below market expectations of 3.4 percent to hit the lowest reading since the three months to February. The underemployment rate remained unchanged at 1.4 percent for the ninth straight period.Published on 2016-12-19

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Remains at 3.4%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong came in at 3.4 percent in three months to October of 2016, the same as in the previous seven periods. The underemployment rate was also steady at 1.4 percent.Published on 2016-11-17

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at 3.4% in September
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong came in at 3.4 percent in three months to September of 2016, unchanged from the previous sixth periods. The underemployment rate was also steady at 1.4 percent.Published on 2016-10-18

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at 3.4%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong came in at 3.4 percent in three months to August of 2016, unchanged from the previous period and remaining at the highest level since 2013 for the sixth consecutive month. The underemployment rate was also steady at 1.4 percent in the two periods.Published on 2016-09-19

Hong Kong's Jobless Rate Unchanged at 3.4%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong came in at 3.4 percent in three months to July of 2016, unchanged from the previous period and remaining at the highest level since 2013 for the fourth consecutive month. The underemployment rate was also steady at 1.4 percent in the two periods.Published on 2016-08-18

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at 3.4%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong came in at 3.4 percent in three months to June of 2016, unchanged from the previous period and remaining at the highest level since 2013 for the third consecutive month. The underemployment rate was steady at 1.4 percent.Published on 2016-08-16

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Unchanged at 3.4%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong remained steady at 3.4 percent in three months to May of 2016, compared to the previous period, staying at the highest level since late 2013 for the second straight month. The underemployment rate was also unchanged at 1.4 percent.
Published on 2016-06-16

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at 3-Year High
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong remained unchanged at 3.4 percent in three months to April of 2016, compared to the previous period while staying at the highest level since late 2013. The underemployment rate was also steady at 1.4 percent. Amid the setback in inbound tourism and weaker local consumption, the unemployment rate rose in retail, accommodation and food services, followed by seasonal increase in construction sector.Published on 2016-05-17

Hong Kong Jobless Rate at 3-Year High
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong increased to 3.4 percent three months to March of 2016, after staying at 3.3 percent for eight consecutive periods, the highest since late 2013. The underemployment rate rose to 1.4 percent from 1.3 percent in the preceding period.Published on 2016-04-19

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Flat at 3.3%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was recorded at 3.3 percent for the eighth consecutive period in the three months to February of 2016. The underemployment rate decreased to 1.3 percent from 1.4 percent.Published on 2016-03-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Steady at 3.3%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was recorded at 3.3 percent for the seventh consecutive period in the three months to January of 2016. The underemployment rate also remained unchanged at 1.4 percent.Published on 2016-02-23

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Unchanged at 3.3%
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in Hong Kong was recorded at 3.3 percent for the sixth consecutive period in the three months to December of 2015. The underemployment rate increased to 1.4 percent from 1.3 percent in the three months to November of 2015. Published on 2016-01-19

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Steady at 3.3%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted unemployment rate remained unchanged for the fifth consecutive time at 3.3 percent in the three months to November 2015, as widely expected, while the underemployment rate decreased to 1.3 percent from 1.4 percent in the precedent period. Unemployment fell slightly while total employment remained unchanged.Published on 2015-12-17

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Flat at 3.3%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted unemployment rate remained unchanged for the fourth consecutive period at 3.3 percent in the three months to October 2015, as widely expected, and the underemployment rate also remained unchanged at 1.4 percent. Both total employment and labour force grew modestly over a year earlier. Published on 2015-11-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Steady at 3.3%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted jobless rate remained unchanged at 3.3 percent for the third consecutive period in the three months to September of 2015. While unemployment went down at a slower pace than employment, the labour force participation rate fell by 0.2 p.p. to 61.4 percent.
Published on 2015-10-19

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate at 3.3%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted jobless rate remained steady at 3.3 percent in the three months to August of 2015. Unemployment has been below 4 percent since 2011.Published on 2015-09-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Up to 3.3%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted unemployment rate edged up by 0.1 percentage point to 3.3 percent in May to July 2015, compared with previous period. The underemployment rate remained unchanged at 1.4 percent in the two periods.Published on 2015-08-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Unchanged at 3.2%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was stable at 3.2 percent in April to June 2015, compared with previous period. While employment rose at a faster pace than unemployment, the labour force increased due to new fresh graduates.Published on 2015-07-20

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Steady at 3.2%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was stable at 3.2 percent in March to May 2015. While the number of unemployed persons was marginally unchanged, employment fell. Published on 2015-06-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Edges Down in April
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted unemployment rate decreased to 3.2 percent in February to April 2015, after remaining unchanged at 3.3 percent for nine consecutive periods. Both total employment and labour force sustained year-on-year growth.Published on 2015-05-19

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Steady in February
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted jobless rate remained unchanged at 3.3 percent for the eighth consecutive period in December 2014 to February 2015. The rise in employment was enough to offset an increase in the number of unemployed. Published on 2015-03-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Unchanged at 3.3%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted jobless rate remained steady at 3.3 percent for the seventh consecutive period in November 2014 to January 2015. Both employment and labour force grew modestly while unemployment decreased.Published on 2015-02-17

Hong Kong Jobless Rate Stable at 3.3%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted unemployment rate remained steady at 3.3 percent for the sixth straight period in October to December 2014. Both total employment and the labor force kept growing moderately over a year earlier.Published on 2015-01-19

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate at 3.3%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted jobless rate remained steady at 3.3 percent for the fifth straight period in September to November 2014. While employment was marginally unchanged, the labor force decreased.Published on 2014-12-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Stable at 3.3%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted jobless rate was recorded at 3.3 percent for the fourth consecutive period in August to October 2014. The underemployment rate was also steady at 1.5 percent. Published on 2014-11-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Unchanged in September
Hong Kong's seasonally adjusted jobless rate remained stable at 3.3 percent for the third consecutive period in July - September 2014. Yet, the latest figures had not reflected the disruptions to economic activities caused by the recent 'Occupy Central' movement on many industries such as retail, catering and inbound tourism.Published on 2014-10-20

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Steady at 3.3%
Hong Kong's seasonally adjusted jobless rate remained unchanged at 3.3 percent in June to August 2014. The underemployment rate decreased to 1.4 percent in June - August 2014 from 1.5 percent in May - July 2014.Published on 2014-09-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Rises in July
Hong Kong’s seasonally adjusted jobless rate edged up for the second straight time by 0.1 percentage point to 3.3 percent in May to July 2014. Although total employment rose to an all-time high of 3 771 100, the increase in labour force was even more.
Published on 2014-08-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Up to 3.2%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted jobless rate edged up by 0.1 percentage point to 3.2 percent in April to June 2014, after remaining unchanged at 3.1 percent for five consecutive months. However, employment sustained mild year-on-year growth and stayed close to its historical high.Published on 2014-07-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Unchanged in May
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted jobless rate was 3.1 percent for the fifth consecutive period in March to May of 2014, the lowest rate in sixteen years. Total employment was near the record high, reflecting the persistent tightness in the labor market.Published on 2014-06-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Steady at 3.1%
Hong Kong seasonally adjusted jobless rate was unchanged at 3.1 percent in February to April of 2014, remaining at a 16-year low for the fourth consecutive month.Published on 2014-05-19

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Unchanged in March
Hong Kong’ seasonally adjusted jobless rate remained steady at 3.1 percent for the third consecutive period in January to March of 2014, down from 3.5 percent a year earlier.Published on 2014-04-22

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Stable at 3.1%
In the period December of 2013 - February of 2014, Hong Kong jobless rate remained unchanged at a 16-year low 3.1 percent. Total employment declined from its historic high, as business activities returned to a more normal level after its peak in Lunar New Year.Published on 2014-03-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Edges Down in January
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate decreased from 3.2 percent in October - December 2013 to 3.1 percent in November 2013 - January 2014. It is the lowest jobless rate in almost 16 years, as total employment hit a fresh new high due to the Lunar New Year, while the number of unemployed persons declined for the fifth consecutive month.Published on 2014-02-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Falls to 16-Month Low
In December of 2013, Hong Kong’s jobless rate fell to 3.2 percent, the lowest rate since August of 2012. For 2013 as a whole, both the labor force and total employment expanded at a provisional 2.3 percent and unemployment held steady at 3.3 percent. Published on 2014-01-20

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Steady at 3.3%
In November of 2013, Hong Kong's jobless rate remained unchanged at 3.3 percent, the same rate recorded in the last five months. Total employment rose 2.4 percent over a year earlier by 86 500 and the jobless rate can be expected to stay at a relatively low level in the near term due to the business activity in the run-up to Christmas and the New Year.Published on 2013-12-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate at 3.3% in October
In October of 2013, Hong Kong’s jobless rate remained stable at 3.3 percent for the fifth straight month, on the back of resilient domestic demand. Although total employment went down, it still registered a year-on-year growth rate of 2.6 percent. Published on 2013-11-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Stable at 3.3% In September
In September of 2013, seasonally adjusted jobless rate remained steady at 3.3 percent for the fourth consecutive month. Total employment sustained a year-on-year growth at 2.7 percent, meaning continuous full employment and translating into a cumulative increase of 100 000 jobs over the past year.
Published on 2013-10-17

Hong Kong’s Unemployment Rate Unchanged at 3.3% in August
In August of 2013, seasonally adjusted jobless rate remained steady at 3.3 percent for the third consecutive month. Total employment grew further to another record high and was able to absorb about half of the additional labour supply.Published on 2013-09-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Steady at 3.3% in July
In July of 2013, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate stood at 3.3 percent, the same as that in June. Total employment grew steadily further to another record high and was able to absorb about two-thirds of the additional labour supply. Published on 2013-08-19

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Down to 3.3% in June
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate decreased to 3.3 percent in the three-months-to-June, from 3.4 percent at the end of May, as labor demand stayed firm and total employment inched up. The underemployment rate remained unchanged at 1.6 percent in the two periods.
Published on 2013-07-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Down to 3.4% in May
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate edged down to 3.4 percent in the three-months-to-May, from 3.5 percent at the end of April, as labour demand stayed firm and total employment inched up. The underemployment rate remained unchanged at 1.6 percent in the two periods.
Published on 2013-06-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Steady at 3.5% in April
The seasonally adjusted unemployment rate stood at 3.5 percent in February - April 2013, same as that in January - March 2013. The underemployment rate also remained unchanged at 1.6 percent in the two periods.Published on 2013-05-20

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Up to 3.5% in March
According to the latest labour force statistics (provisional figures for January - March 2013) released by the Census and Statistics Department, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate increased from 3.4% in December 2012 - February 2013 to 3.5% in January - March 2013. The underemployment rate also increased from 1.5% in December 2012 - February 2013 to 1.6% in January - March 2013.Published on 2013-04-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Unchanged in February
According to the latest labour force statistics (provisional figures for December 2012 - February 2013) released by the Census and Statistics Department, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate stood at 3.4 percent in December 2012 - February 2013, same as that in November 2012 - January 2013. The underemployment rate decreased from 1.6 percent in November 2012 - January 2013 to 1.5 percent in December 2012 - February 2013.
Published on 2013-04-17

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Stable At 3.40 Percent In November
According to the latest labour force statistics released on December 18 by the Census and Statistics Department, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate stood at 3.4 percent in November 2012, same as that in October 2012. The underemployment rate decreased from 1.5 percent in October 2012 to 1.4 percent in November 2012.Published on 2012-12-18

Hong Kong Unemployment Rate Up to 3.40 Percent in October
Comparing October 2012 with September 2012, increases in the unemployment rate (not seasonally adjusted) were mainly observed in the accommodation services, transportation and construction sectors. As to the underemployment rate, decreases were mainly seen in the construction and wholesale sectors.Published on 2012-12-14