47. According to Differential Association-Reinforcement
Theory, signals that communicate that certain behaviors are encouraged and
reinforced are:

a)
neutralizing stimuli.

b)
justifying discriminative stimuli.

c)
neutralizing reinforcements.

d) social
reinforcements.

e) positive
discriminative stimuli. *

54. If you were a TV producer and wanted an argument to
support your position of the value of violence on television, you would
probably rely on which of the following theoretical positions?

a)
Psychoanalytic or psychodynamic.*

b) Social
learning.

c) Frustration-aggression.

d)
Behaviorism.

e)
Modeling.

61. During early stages of frustration or general arousal,
cognitive processes appear to have little influence beyond the immediate
appraisal that the situation is aversive. This description outlines a stage of
what model of aggression and violence?

a)
Cognitive expectancy theory

b) The
neo-frustration-aggression model

c) The
cognitive neoassociation model*

d) The
weapons effect model

e) The
cognitive scripts model

68. Although offenders are individuals, the following
generalization about persistent offenders can be made:

a) they are
mentally disordered.

b) they
began their criminal careers in late adolescence.

c) they
tend to be polysubstance users.*

d) they specialize
in one type of offending.

e) b and d

69. In the Boothby/Clements survey of correctional
psychologists, the researchers found that the least amount of their time was
spent:

a) at
classification.

b) at
administrative tasks.

c)
conducting research.*

d)
providing treatment.

e) at
assessing.

75. The Responsivity Principle has two components, which
are,

a) personal
and therapeutic responsivity.

b) general
and personal responsivity.

c)
therapeutic and general responsivity.

d)
individual and general responsivity.

e) None of
the above. *

76. Core Correctional Practice includes

a)
supporting self-esteem

b)
effective punishment

c)
effective reinforcement *

d)
differential reinforcement

e) All of
the above

81.Which statement
is most accurate about juvenile
crime?

a)Juvenile crime has generally decreased since the mid 1990s. *

b)The
juvenile crime rate has been steadily increasing since 1990.

c)Compared to adults, juveniles are responsible for
disproportionately higher number of violent crimes.

d)Juveniles
are more likely to be perpetrators rather than victims of violent crime.