(A)there is a lapse of any voting or liquidation right in a corporation or partnership, and

(B)the individual holding such right immediately before the lapse and members of such individual’s family hold, both before and after the lapse, control of the entity,

such lapse shall be treated as a transfer by such individual by gift, or a transfer which is includible in the gross estate of the decedent, whichever is applicable, in the amount determined under paragraph (2).

(2) Amount of transfer

For purposes of paragraph (1), the amount determined under this paragraph is the excess (if any) of—

(A)the value of all interests in the entity held by the individual described in paragraph (1) immediately before the lapse (determined as if the voting and liquidation rights were nonlapsing), over

(B)the value of such interests immediately after the lapse.

(3) Similar rights

The Secretary may by regulations apply this subsection to rights similar to voting and liquidation rights.

(b) Certain restrictions on liquidation disregarded

(1) In general

For purposes of this subtitle, if—

(A)there is a transfer of an interest in a corporation or partnership to (or for the benefit of) a member of the transferor’s family, and

(B)the transferor and members of the transferor’s family hold, immediately before the transfer, control of the entity,

any applicable restriction shall be disregarded in determining the value of the transferred interest.

(2) Applicable restriction

For purposes of this subsection, the term “applicable restriction” means any restriction—

(A)which effectively limits the ability of the corporation or partnership to liquidate, and

(B)with respect to which either of the following applies:

(i)The restriction lapses, in whole or in part, after the transfer referred to in paragraph (1).

(ii)The transferor or any member of the transferor’s family, either alone or collectively, has the right after such transfer to remove, in whole or in part, the restriction.

(3) Exceptions

The term “applicable restriction” shall not include—

(A)any commercially reasonable restriction which arises as part of any financing by the corporation or partnership with a person who is not related to the transferor or transferee, or a member of the family of either, or

(B)any restriction imposed, or required to be imposed, by any Federal or State law.

(4) Other restrictions

The Secretary may by regulations provide that other restrictions shall be disregarded in determining the value of the transfer of any interest in a corporation or partnership to a member of the transferor’s family if such restriction has the effect of reducing the value of the transferred interest for purposes of this subtitle but does not ultimately reduce the value of such interest to the transferee.

(c) Definitions and special rules

For purposes of this section—

(1) Control

The term “control” has the meaning given such term by section
2701(b)(2).

(2) Member of the family

The term “member of the family” means, with respect to any individual—

(A)such individual’s spouse,

(B)any ancestor or lineal descendant of such individual or such individual’s spouse,

(C)any brother or sister of the individual, and

(D)any spouse of any individual described in subparagraph (B) or (C).

(3) Attribution

The rule of section
2701(e)(3) shall apply for purposes of determining the interests held by any individual.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–188effective, except as otherwise expressly provided, as if included in the provision of the Revenue Reconciliation Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101–508, title XI, to which such amendment relates, see section 1702(i) ofPub. L. 104–188, set out as a note under section
38 of this title.

Written determinations for this section

These documents, sometimes referred to as "Private Letter Rulings", are taken from the IRS Written Determinations page; the IRS also publishes a fuller explanation of what they are and what they mean. The collection is updated (at our end) daily. It appears that the IRS updates their listing every Friday.

Note that the IRS often titles documents in a very plain-vanilla, duplicative way. Do not assume that identically-titled documents are the same, or that a later document supersedes another with the same title. That is unlikely to be the case.

Release dates appear exactly as we get them from the IRS. Some are clearly wrong, but we have made no attempt to correct them, as we have no way guess correctly in all cases, and do not wish to add to the confusion.