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For historians, one of the great promises of digital technology is its potential to democratize history—to incorporate multiple voices, reach diverse audiences, and encourage popular participation in presenting and preserving the past (2006). Roy Rosenzweig, Founder and Director of the Center on History & New Media (CHNM), George Mason University http://chnm.gmu.edu

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Digitization From analog to binary Is selective - sampling Remediation - representation of one medium in another (Bolter and Grusin, 1999) Requires new interpretive frameworks Challenges authenticity and authority

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Online and invisible How to overlay information onto the physical world and into the past? Lessons from Google Earth Google Earth

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Modes of production Cathedral or the the Bazaar? Collaborative commons-based production Institutional barriers Disciplinary boundaries Academic conventions

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Access Increasing commodification of knowledge Ensuring access to public Internet materials for educational uses? “We want the new Copyright Bill to reflect the reality of Internet usage today and not support outdated and unsustainable business models that limit access to publicly available Internet materials.” "We believe that Canadian students and educators have a right to use publicly available materials on the Internet without a copyright collective charging a licensing fee for access.” May 30, 2006, Education Minister Jamie Muir, Nova Scotia Copyright Consortium Chair, Council of Ministers of Education www.cmec.ca

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Recommendations Use the Web as a social space Promote participatory design Use open source and open standards Ensure broad and open access Better understanding of learners’ needs Work collaboratively and across disciplines Provide adequate education and training for knowledge media design