MIT OpenCourseWare: New Translated Courses (Traditional Chinese)New Translated courses (Traditional Chinese) in all departments from MIT OpenCourseWare, provider of free and open MIT course materials.http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/lang/cn1/
2015-07-28T17:25:56+05:00MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduen-USContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm

21W.747-1 Rhetoric (MIT)This course is an introduction to the history, the theory, the practice, and the implications (both social and ethical) of rhetoric, the art and craft of persuasion. By the end of the semester, you will have been exposed to several of the key concepts of rhetoric (e.g., ethos, pathos, logos, invention, style, arrangement, kairos, stasis, commonplaces) and to the over-riding importance of writing to your audience. You will have gotten a taste of rhetorical history and theory. You will explore and analyze and respond to some key texts by significant writers. You will have had a chance to practice speaking and debating before the class. You will have written and revised several texts. You will have examined some of your core beliefs and assumptions. In this course you will act as both a rhetor (a person who uses rhetoric) and a rhetorician (one who studies the art of rhetoric). Because the study of rhetoric has always had as one of its goals the creation of active and informed citizens and because rhetors write to influence the real world and thus to become agents of positive change, the topics you choose and the essays you write will have the important purpose of persuading your readers (the class and me).http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Writing-and-Humanistic-Studies/21W-747RhetoricFall2002/CourseHome/index.htm
Strang, Steven2015-03-16T14:52:14+05:0021W.747-1en-USethicsrhetoricpersuasionanalytical skillscritical thinkingpersuasive writingoral presentationMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm21W.747-1 Rhetoric (MIT)This course is an introduction to the history, the theory, the practice, and the implications (both social and ethical) of rhetoric, the art and craft of persuasion. This semester, many of your skills will be deepened by practice, including your analytical skills, your critical thinking skills, your persuasive writing skills, and your oral presentation skills. In this course you will act as both a rhetor (a person who uses rhetoric) and a rhetorician (one who studies the art of rhetoric).http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Writing-and-Humanistic-Studies/21W-747RhetoricFall2002/CourseHome/index.htm
Strang, Steven2015-03-16T14:52:07+05:0021W.747-1en-USethicsrhetoricpersuasionanalytical skillscritical thinkingpersuasive writingoral presentationMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm21W.731-1 Writing and Experience: Exploring Self in Society (MIT)The reading and writing for this course will focus on what it means to construct a sense of self and a life narrative in relation to the larger social world of family and friends, education, media, work, and community. Readings will include nonfiction and fiction works by authors such as Maya Angelou, James Baldwin, Andre Dubus, Anne Frank, Tim O'Brien, Flannery O'Connor, George Orwell, John Steinbeck, Amy Tan, Tobias Wolff, and Alice Walker. Students will explore the craft of storytelling and the multiple ways in which one can employ the tools of fiction in crafting creative nonfiction and fiction narratives.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Writing-and-Humanistic-Studies/21W-731-1Spring2004/CourseHome/index.htm
Walsh, Andrea2015-03-16T12:38:58+05:0021W.731-1en-USidentity, culture, tradition, ethnicity, cultural identity, intercultural experience, Maxine Hong Kingston, Kesaya Noda, Gary Soto, Sherman Alexie, Jhumpa Lahiri, Danzy Sennaidentityculturetraditionethnicitycultural identityintercultural experienceMaxine Hong KingstonKesaya NodaGary SotoSherman AlexieJhumpa LahiriDanzy Sennalife narrativerevisionwritingselfsocietyfictionMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm21W.765J Theory and Practice of Non-linear and Interactive Narrative (MIT)This class covers a range of topics including hypertext, interactive cinema, games, installation art, and soundscapes. It examines the potential for dynamic narrative in traditional media like novels and films and as well as in computer-based stories and games. The course focuses on the creation of electronic stories and games using simple authoring systems and multimedia software tools. Students present and constructively critique one another's work in progress in a workshop setting aimed at expanding the representational powers of a new creative medium.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Writing-and-Humanistic-Studies/21W-765JSpring2003/CourseHome/index.htm
Barrett, Edward C.2015-03-16T12:30:01+05:0021W.765J21L.489JCMS.845en-USTheoryPracticeNon-linearInteractiveNarrativeFilmWritingGamesWebHTMLMultilinearStorycreative writingcomputersbook-based narrativesstructuredigressionmultiple points of viewstorylinehypertextsadventure gamesartificial intelligence programselizamodelingcomputer-based narratives21W.765J21L.489JCMS.84521W.76521L.489MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm21H.968J Nature, Environment, and Empire (MIT)This class examines the relationship between the study of natural history, both domestic and exotic, by Europeans and Americans, and exploration and exploitation of the natural world, focusing on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/History/21H-968JSpring-2005/CourseHome/index.htm
Ritvo, Harriet2010-12-16T07:57:40+05:0021H.968JSTS.415Jen-USimperialismcolonizationglobal explorationenvironmentnaturenatural historydomestic animalsCharles DarwinJames CookMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htmMAS.630 Affective Computing (MIT)This class explores computing that relates to, arises from, or deliberately influences emotion. Topics include the interaction of emotion with cognition and perception; the role of emotion in human-computer interaction; the communication of human emotion via face, voice, physiology, and behavior; construction of computers that have skills of emotional intelligence; the development of computers that &quot;have&quot; emotion; affective technologies for autism; and other areas of current research interest. Weekly reading, discussion, and a term project are required.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Media-Arts-and-Sciences/MAS-630Affective-ComputingSpring2002/CourseHome/index.htm
Picard, Rosalind W.2008-12-15T15:34:39+05:00MAS.630en-USneuroscienceemotionperceptiondecision-makingcreativityautismlearningMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm15.220 Global Strategy and Organization (MIT)
Companies today confront an increasing array of choices regarding markets, locations for key activities, outsourcing and ownership modes, and organization and processes for managing across borders. This course provides students with the conceptual tools necessary to understand and work effectively in today's interconnected world by developing strategic perspectives that link this changing environment, the state of the global industry, and the capabilities and position of the firm.
The goal of this subject is to provide the foundations for taking effective action in the multi-layered world of international business. The first section of the course provides frameworks for identifying and taking advantage of the opportunities presented in a dynamic global environment at the level of the country and industry. The second section of the course focuses on firm-level strategic choices regarding where to engage in which activities. The third section focuses on the challenges of integrating the multiple perspectives, functions, and interests that constitute the multinational firm.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Sloan-School-of-Management/15-220International-ManagementSpring2002/CourseHome/index.htm
Lessard, Donald2008-07-30T22:15:34+05:0015.220en-USglobal landscapethe world is flatcompetitive advantageglobal strategylocal strengthglobal advantagevalue creationframeworks for global strategic analysisMIT Sloan Coursewareexpansionemerging marketslocal companiesmultinationalsinnovationdealing with differencesglobal managementMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm15.060 Data, Models, and Decisions (MIT)This course is designed to introduce first-year MBA students to the fundamental quantitative techniques of using data to make informed management decisions. In particular, the course focuses on various ways of modeling, or thinking structurally about, decision problems in order to enhance decision-making skills. Topics include decision analysis, probability, random variables, statistical estimation, regression, simulation, linear optimization, as well as nonlinear and discrete optimization. Management cases are used extensively to illustrate the practical use of modeling tools to improve the management practice.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Sloan-School-of-Management/15-060Data--Models--and-DecisionsFall2002/CourseHome/index.htm
Gamarnik, DavidFreund, RobertSchulz, Andreas2008-07-16T01:22:20+05:0015.060en-USdecision analysisdiscrete probability distributionscontinuous probability distributionsnormal probability distributionstatistical samplingregression modelslinear optimizationnonlinear optimizationdiscrete optimizationMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm21H.206 American Consumer Culture (MIT)
This class examines how and why twentieth-century Americans came to define the "good life" through consumption, leisure, and material abundance. We will explore how such things as department stores, nationally advertised brand-name goods, mass-produced cars, and suburbs transformed the American economy, society, and politics. The course is organized both thematically and chronologically. Each period deals with a new development in the history of consumer culture. Throughout we explore both celebrations and critiques of mass consumption and abundance.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/History/21H-206American-Consumer-CultureFall2001/CourseHome/index.htm
Jacobs, Meg2008-06-18T03:41:01+05:0021H.206en-UStwentieth century historyhistorypopular cultureunited statesmarketingmass-productionconsumptioneconomicspoliticsmiddle classadvertisingstatusAmerican Dreammass-marketsuburbse-commercefast foodMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm22.01 Introduction to Ionizing Radiation (MIT)
This course provides an introduction to the basic properties of ionizing radiations and their uses in medicine, industry, science, and environmental studies. We will discuss natural and man-made radiation sources, energy deposition and dose calculations, and various physical, chemical, and biological processes and effects of radiation, with examples of their uses, and principles of radiation protection.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Nuclear-Engineering/22-01Introduction-to-Ionizing-RadiationFall2003/CourseHome/index.htm
Coderre, Jeffrey2007-05-04T00:41:00+05:0022.01en-USionizing radiationnatural radiationman-made radiationenergy depositiondose calculationsradiation protectionradiation damageDNAcell survival curvesradioactive decaybeta decaygamma decayradiological datingradiation interactionsradonmedical imagingMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm17.55J Introduction to Latin American Studies (MIT)
Interdisciplinary introduction to contemporary Latin America, drawing on films, literature, popular press accounts, and scholarly research. Topics include economic development, ethnic and racial identity, religion, revolution, democracy, transitional justice, and the rule of law. Examples draw on a range of countries in the region, especially Mexico, Chile, and Brazil. Includes a heavy oral participation component, with regular breakout groups, formal class presentations on pressing social issues (such as criminal justice and land tenure), and a structured class debate.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Foreign-Languages-and-Literatures/21F-084JIntroduction-to-Latin-American-StudiesSpring2002/CourseHome/index.htm
Lawson, Chappell2007-04-19T00:11:05+05:0017.55J21A.430J21F.084Jen-USMexicoVenezuelaBrazilChileLatin AmericaSpanishconquestauthoritarianismdemocracydictatorsargentinaunited states foreign policyurbanizationpovertyBig Mama's FuneraldevelopmentPinochetAllendecivilian-military relationspolice reformcorruptionThe House of SpiritsThe Battle of ChilechinchillasMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htmSTS.310 History of Science (MIT)
This seminar explores recent historiographical approaches within the history of science. Students will read a wide variety of studies covering topics from the seventeenth through the twentieth centuries, from the physical sciences to natural history and medicine. Emphasis will be placed on: deciphering different theoretical approaches; the pros and cons of different research questions, subjects, and sources of evidence; and what makes for good and interesting history of science.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Science--Technology--and-Society/STS-310Fall-2003/CourseHome/index.htm
Jones, David2006-10-13T14:00:20+05:00STS.310en-UShistorysciencedarwingalileogoethemesmerboylehobbeseinsteinbetheoppenheimerscientific revolutionvictorianphilosophyscience in cultural contextimperialismnatural historyinstitutionsbiomedical researchmodern physicspost-war physicsscientific advancementevolutionMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm14.731 Economic History (MIT)
This course offers a comprehensive survey of world economic history, designed to introduce economics graduate students to the subject matter and methodology of economic history. Topics are chosen to show a wide variety of historical experience and illuminate the process of industrialization. A final term paper is due at the end of the course.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Economics/14-731Fall2003/CourseHome/index.htm
Costa, DoraTermin, Peter2006-09-27T15:49:53+05:0014.731en-USEconomic Historyindustrializationdemographic changepoliciesApplied Economicsformulate and test hypothesesMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm20.442 Molecular Structure of Biological Materials (BE.442) (MIT)
This course, intended for both graduate and upper level undergraduate students, will focus on understanding of the basic molecular structural principles of biological materials. It will address the molecular structures of various materials of biological origin, such as several types of collagen, silk, spider silk, wool, hair, bones, shells, protein adhesives, GFP, and self-assembling peptides. It will also address molecular design of new biological materials applying the molecular structural principles. The long-term goal of this course is to teach molecular design of new biological materials for a broad range of applications. A brief history of biological materials and its future perspective as well as its impact to the society will also be discussed. Several experts will be invited to give guest lectures.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Biological-Engineering/20-442Fall-2002/CourseHome/index.htm
Zhang, Shuguang2006-05-31T08:32:51+05:0020.44220.342en-USproteinhydrationamino acidECMextracellular matrixpeptidehelixDNARNAbiomaterialbiotechbiotechnologynanomaterialbeta-sheetbeta sheetmolecular structurebioengineeringsilkbiomimeticself-assemblykeratincollagenadhesiveGFPfluorescentpolymerlipidMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm17.509 Social Movements in Comparative Perspective (MIT)
This course seeks to provide students with a general understanding of the form of collective action known as the social movement. Our task will be guided by the close examination of several twentieth century social movements in the United States. We will read about the U.S. civil rights, the unemployed workers', welfare rights, pro-choice / pro-life and gay rights movements. We will compare and contrast certain of these movements with their counterparts in other countries. For all, we will identify the reasons for their successes and failures.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Political-Science/17-509Spring-2005/CourseHome/index.htm
Nobles, Melissa2006-04-12T16:54:05+05:0017.509en-USPolitical sciencesocial movementscomparativecollective actiontwentieth centuryUnited Statescivil rightsunemployed workerswelfare rightspro-choicepro-lifegay rightssuccessfailures.MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm9.322J Genetic Neurobiology (MIT)
This course deals with the specific functions of neurons, the interactions of neurons in development, and the organization of neuronal ensembles to produce behavior. Topics covered include the analysis of mutations, and molecular analysis of the genes required for nervous system function. In particular, this course focuses on research work done with nematodes, fruit flies, mice, and humans.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Brain-and-Cognitive-Sciences/9-322JFall-2005/CourseHome/index.htm
Littleton, TroyQuinn, William2006-03-30T10:20:17+05:009.322J7.67Jen-USneurobiologygeneticsbacterial chemoreceptionneurogenomicsgenetic analysisaxonal pathfindingneurodevelopmentsynapse formationneurogeneticshigher brain functionneuronal ensemblesmolecular analysisMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm21F.084J Introduction to Latin American Studies (MIT)
This course is designed as an introduction to Latin American politics and society for undergraduates at MIT. No background on the region is required. Overall workload (reading, writing, class participation, and examinations) is similar to that of other HASS-D courses. Many of the themes raised here are covered in greater detail in other courses: 21F.020J (New World Literature), 21F.716 (Introduction to Contemporary Hispanic Literature), 21F.730 (Twentieth and Twentyfirst-Century Spanish American Literaturere), 21F.735 (Advanced Topics in Hispanic Literature and Film), 21A.220 (The Conquest of America), 21H.802 (Modern Latin America), 3.982 (The Ancient Andean World), 3.983 (Ancient Mesoamerican Civilization), 17.507 (Democratization and Democratic Collapse), and 17.554 (Political Economy of Latin America). http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Foreign-Languages-and-Literatures/21F-084JIntroduction-to-Latin-American-StudiesSpring2002/CourseHome/index.htm
Lawson, Chappell2006-03-24T16:27:27+05:0021F.084J21A.224J17.55en-USmarket-oriented reformLatin AmericaconquestslaveryraceclassSalvador AllendeDemocracyrevolutionEnvironmentecologyland disputes21F.084J21A.224J17.5521F.08421A.224MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm17.196 Globalization (MIT)This seminar explores changes in the international economy and their effects on domestic politics, economy, and society. Is globalization really a new phenomenon? Is it irreversible? What are effects on wages and inequality, on social safety nets, on production, and innovation? How does it affect relations between developed countries and developing countries? How globalization affects democracy? These are some of the key issues that will be examined.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Political-Science/17-196GlobalizationFall2002/CourseHome/index.htm
Berger, Suzanne2006-03-14T15:00:35+05:0017.19617.195en-USinternational economydomestic politicseconomyand societyglobalizationwagesinequality; social safety netsproductioninnovationdeveloped countriesdeveloping countriesdemocracy.democracyinequalitysocial safety netssocietyMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htmSTS.350 Social Study of Science and Technology (MIT)This course surveys canonical and recent theories and methods in science studies. We will organize our discussions around the concept of &quot;reproduction,&quot; referring variously to:
Scientific reproduction (how results are replicated in lab, field, disciplinary contexts)
Social reproduction (how social knowledge and relations are regenerated over time)
Biological reproduction (how organic substance is managed in the genetic age)
Electronic reproduction (how information is reassembled in techniques of transcription, simulation, computation).
Examining intersections and disruptions of these genres of reproduction, we seek to map relations among our social, biological, and electronic lives.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Science--Technology--and-Society/STS-350Spring-2004/CourseHome/index.htm
Helmreich, Stefan2006-01-13T10:10:15+05:00STS.350en-USSocialstudysciencetechnologyinterdisciplinary fieldsocial practicehistoryphilosophysociologyscientific institutionsknowledgeanthropologyfeminismcritical race theorypost-colonial studiesqueer theoryhuman culturepoliticstheoriesmethodsreproductionsocial reproductionbiological reproductionelectronic reproductionMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm21F.107 Chinese I (Streamlined) (MIT)
This course, along with 21F.108/158 offered in the spring, form the elementary level of the streamlined sequence, which is for students who have some basic conversational skills gained, typically, from growing up in a Chinese speaking environment, but lack a corresponding level of literacy. The focus of the course is on learning standard everyday usage, on reading in both traditional and simplified characters, and on writing.http://www.myoops.org/twocw/mit/Foreign-Languages-and-Literatures/21F-107Chinese-I--Streamlined-Fall2002/CourseHome/index.htm
Zhang, JinChen, Tong2006-01-10T16:20:47+05:0021F.10721F.157en-USchineseasialanguageliteratureelementaryconversationreadingwritingMIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.eduContent within individual OCW courses is (c) by the individual authors unless otherwise noted. MIT OpenCourseWare materials are licensed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). For further information see http://ocw.mit.edu/terms/index.htm