JavaScript is disabled. For customize this text use <NoJavaScript> element.

This website uses cookies solely to enhance performance. If you do not consent to their use, please close your browser now.

Oesophageal Cancer

Cancer of the oesophagus is uncommon in the UK. However the numbers are increasing
with about 7,800 cases in the last year. The most common type (adenocarcinoma) occurs
when the mucus producing glands in the lining of the oesophagus become cancerous.

The first sympton in most patients is difficulty with swallowing (dysphagia). Fluids
and soft foods are usually tolerated while hard or bulky foods cause a burning sensation
or a feeling of 'getting stuck' in the throat. Associated with this can be weight
loss. If any of these or the following symptoms are experienced, advice should be sought from a GP:

obesity - probably associated with the increase in reflux found in obese patients

long-term exposure to certain chemicals and pollutants that 'irritate' the oesophagus

Diagnosis is usually by gastroscopy in which a thin, flexible tube (endoscope) is
passed down the oesophagus towards the stomach. The endoscope contains a light
and camera so the lining of the oesophagus can be observed. A small sample
of tissue (biopsy) may be taken for analysis. If cancerous cells are found, further tests are needed to determine the extent of the spread:

CT scan of the abdomen in which two or three-dimensional x-ray pictures are taken to highlight any abnormal tissue growth

PET scan in which a very small amount of radioactive tracer drug is injected and a scan of the body carried out over a period of about an hour

endoscopic ultrasound which combines endoscopy and ultrasound (sound waves) to build up a picture of the stomach wall

Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The treatment chosen depends on the patient's general health and the site, size and spread of the cancer. If the oesophagus is blocked, an expandable metallic stent can be inserted to keep it open. With a localised cancer, surgery to remove the oesophagus is usually recommended. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be given in addition to surgery to help 'shrink' the tumour and make it easier to remove.