Efficacy of Bothrops jararaca venom on the changes in immune functions and TH1/TH2 cytokine balance in murine macrophages

Article Sidebar

Main Article Content

Nuñez Valderrama RP

Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos

Arteaga Figueroa L.R. Mendonça ZucatelliVera L. Petricevich

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Hemorrhage, intravascular coagulation and cardiovascular shock are effects commonly observed in victims bitten by Bothrops snakes. The severity of the envenomation is dependent on the immunological condition of the victim. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Botrhops jararaca venom on macrophage functions and TH1 / TH2 cytokine balance.

Methods: Various amounts of B. jararaca venom were used, and the activation of macrophages was determined by cytotoxicity assays, hydrogen peroxide production, cell expansion, and phagocytosis. The release of cytokines presents in macrophages treated with B. jararaca venom were measured by ELISA.

Results: The results showed that the Bothrops jararaca venom altered the function of peritoneal macrophage cultures, increasing cytotoxicity and production of H2O2. The venom was able to inhibit cell expansion and phagocytosis. The effects of the venom on immunological mediator production in peritoneal macrophage cultures resulted in an increase in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production at 24 hours of treatment. The maximum production of NO and IFN-γ were observed at 24–48 and 48-72 hours, respectively. The elevated production of IL-4 and -10 were observed from 24 up to 120 hours after venom exposition.

Conclusion: The combined data suggest that Bothrops jararaca venom has an immunomodulatory immunomodulatory effect for first 24 hours, of venom treatment was observed a balance between TH1 and TH2 cytokines. After this time period with a TH2-dominant response in the TH1/Th2 cytokines.

The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Obs.: This plugin requires at least one statistics/report plugin to be enabled. If your statistics plugins provide more than one metric then please also select a main metric on the admin's site settings page and/or on the journal manager's settings pages.