Along with Montreal Nationals president A. L. Caron, player Art Ross attempted to organize a new hockey league with teams in Ottawa, Montreal, Toronto and Boston, the arena owners in all of the cities turned down the new league and killed the idea. Ross was suspended by the NHA, but by January 7, Mr. Ross was reinstated, he signed with Ottawa.

A record long overtime game was played in Quebec on January 13 between Quebec and the Canadiens. Quebec defeated Montreal 3–2 after 50 minutes and 28 seconds of overtime, on a goal by Jack McDonald. Coach Jack Laviolette had to take over for Georges Vezina after Vezina was penalized.[2]

The Ontarios had to forfeit their February 3 game with the Wanderers after the McNamara brothers took a personal leave to attend their fathers' funeral. Owner Eddie Livingstone of the Ontarios asked for a postponement but the Wanderers refused.[2]

A game on February 17 between Toronto and Ottawa turned into a brawl before Toronto police arrested Art Ross and Roy McGiffen to calm the proceedings.[2]

Montreal and Ottawa played a two-game total-goals series to determine the league championship; in the first game, Ottawa's Art Ross scored in the first period to give the Senators the lead which they would not relinquish. In the second, Angus Duford scored to push the lead to 2–0 after two periods, and Horace Merrill and Jack Darragh scored to make it 4–0.[4] In the second game, the Wanderers' Donald Smith scored in the second period, but the Senators held the Wanderers off with tight checking to win the series 4–1 on goals.[5]

For the win, Ottawa was awarded the O'Brien Cup, since the NHA champion of 1914 was the defending champion of the Stanley Cup, Ottawa now took possession and defence of the Stanley Cup as well.[6] The Senators engraved their series win over the Wanderers on the Stanley Cup and travelled to Vancouver for the world championship series against the Vancouver Millionaires.

As the 1914 Final was held in Toronto, all three games in this series were played at the arena of the PCHA's champion in Vancouver, British Columbia, the Millionaires swept the best-of-five series in three games.

1.
National Hockey Association
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The National Hockey Association, officially the National Hockey Association of Canada Limited, was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. It is the predecessor to todays National Hockey League. Founded in 1909 by Ambrose OBrien, the NHA introduced six-man hockey by removing the rover position in 1911, during its lifetime, the league coped with competition for players with the rival Pacific Coast Hockey Association, the enlistment of players for World War I and disagreements between owners. The disagreements between owners came to a head in 1917, when the NHA suspended operations in order to get rid of an unwanted owner. The remaining NHA team owners started the NHL in parallel as a measure, to continue play while negotiations went on with Livingstone. A year later, after no progress was reached with Livingstone, the NHAs rules, constitution and trophies were continued in the NHL. In November 1909, the Eastern Canada Hockey Association, holder of the Stanley Cup, the Montreal Wanderers team of the ECHA had been bought by P. J. Doran, owner of the Jubilee Rink in Montreal and he intended to move the teams games there. The Jubilee was smaller than the Wanderers current rink, the Montreal Arena which meant visiting teams would earn less on their trips to play the Wanderers. On November 25,1909, the teams in the league disbanded the ECHA and formed the new Canadian Hockey Association. The team had applied to the Stanley Cup trustees as champions of the Federal League, at the November 25 CHA founding meeting, held at the Windsor Hotel in Montreal, OBrien applied to join the CHA but the application was rejected. Sitting in the lobby of the hotel after the CHA meeting, OBrien met Jimmy Gardner of the Wanderers, together, they decided to form their own league, the National Hockey Association. At the same time, to build a rivalry and capture francophone interest in Montreal, OBrien and Gardner conceived of creating a team consisting of francophone players, to be managed by francophones. In all, OBrien and his father, Michael John OBrien, were financing four teams in the league, the Renfrew Creamery Kings, Cobalt, Haileybury, the Cobalt and Haileybury clubs were from the Timiskaming Professional Hockey League and Renfrew from the Federal Hockey League. Along with the Wanderers, the league had five teams, the OBriens were determined to win the Stanley Cup and a bidding war for players immediately started. Frank Patrick and Lester Patrick were each signed by the Renfrew Millionaires for $3,000 apiece, Renfrew also signed star player Cyclone Taylor of the champion Ottawa Senators team, reputedly at $5,000 per season. Attendance at the CHA games was poor and a meeting of the NHA was held on January 15,1910 to discuss a merger of the two leagues. Instead, the NHA admitted Ottawa and the Montreal Shamrocks to the NHA, the owners of the Montreal Le National were offered the ownership of the Canadiens but turned it down. The Quebec Bulldogs and the teams of the CHA were not even considered for membership

2.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball

3.
Tommy Smith (ice hockey)
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Thomas Joseph Smith was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward, who played from 1905 until 1920 for 16 teams in his career. He was a member of two Stanley Cup-winning teams, the Ottawa Silver Seven of 1906 and the Quebec Bulldogs of 1913 and his two brothers Alf Smith and Harry Smith also played professional ice hockey. Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Smith began playing hockey as an amateur with the Ottawa Emmetts from 1903 until 1905. He joined the Ottawa Victorias of the Federal Amateur Hockey League in 1905-06, Smith played two seasons with Brantford. In 1910-11 he became a member of the Galt Professionals of the OPHL helping Galt win the OPHL championship, along with most of the Galt team, he bolted to the Moncton Victorias the following season, helping Moncton win the Maritime championship. The Galt and Moncton teams Smith was a member of played consecutive Stanley Cup challenges, Galt against Ottawa in 1911 and Moncton against Quebec in 1912, Smith then joined the Quebec Bulldogs. After the 1913–14 season in Quebec, he was traded to Toronto Shamrocks and this caused a dispute with the Pacific Coast Hockey Association. At that time, the NHA and PCHA had an agreement whereby the PCHA teams could draft one player from 3 of the 6 teams of the NHA and he was traded away from Quebec, which was eligible to lose a player. He started play for Shamrocks, though he had been drafted by Victoria of the PCHA and it was found that the initial trade was not allowed, and Quebec re-traded him to Toronto during the season, disregarding the PCHA efforts to get him. During the 1914–15 season, he was traded back to Quebec, while skating for the Ottawa Victorias in 1906, Smith led the FAHL with 12 goals. In future years, he was the leading goal-scorer in the OPHL and the NHA

4.
O'Brien Trophy (ice hockey)
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It was originally donated to the NHA by Canadian Senator M. J. OBrien in honour of his son, Ambrose OBrien. The Cup was fabricated using silver from an OBrien mine, the Cup has been awarded under four definitions. From 1910 through 1917, it was awarded to the NHA champion, in 1921, the Cup was transferred to the NHL and awarded to the NHL champion until 1927. From 1928 until 1938, it was awarded to the Canadian Division champion, starting with the 1938–39 season, it was awarded to the NHL playoff runner-up. In 1950, the Cup was retired and has not been awarded since, in total, the Cup has been awarded in 41 seasons to twelve different teams. The Cup is now in the collection of the Hockey Hall of Fame, the Cup was originally to be given to the NHAs championship team. Made entirely from silver from the OBrien mine, the value was estimated at CDN $600. Like the Stanley Cup, trustees were named for the trophy and these were NHA executives Harry Trihey, Emmett Quinn and T. Yates Foster. Later, Stanley Cup trustee William Foran would become the trustee of the OBrien Cup. On December 2,1911, the NHA officially designated the trophy as the championship trophy. When the NHA was suspended in 1917, the Cup was held by the Montreal Canadiens and it remained in their care until 1921. In November 1921, it was announced that the Cup would be given over to the National Hockey League to be awarded annually to the NHL champions, NHL president Frank Calder arranged with Ambrose OBrien a new deed of gift. The Cup, which Calder had secured following the death of Montreal President George Kennedy, was presented to the NHL champion Ottawa Senators. In 1925, the NHL inaugurated the Prince of Wales Trophy and it would be awarded under this definition until the end of the 1937–38 season. The 1938–39 NHL season saw the NHL move back to a single division, the Cup was not formally awarded from 1939 to 1943 and it would not be until 1944 that the winning teams from that period were inscribed on the trophy. At the end of the 1949–50 NHL season the trophy was retired and has not been awarded since. It is now in the collection of the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto, the Montreal Canadiens have won it the most, having won the Cup eleven times. The Toronto Maple Leafs have won it the second most, a total of eight times, six as the Maple Leafs, once as the St. Patricks, the Detroit Red Wings have won the Cup the most times of any American team, having won it five times

5.
Ottawa Senators (original)
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The Ottawa Senators were a professional, ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954. The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a member of the National Hockey League. The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club, was known by nicknames, including the Generals in the 1890s, the Silver Seven from 1903 to 1907. Generally acknowledged by historians as one of the greatest teams of the early days of the sport. Ottawa HC played in the first season during which the Stanley Cup was challenged in 1893, the club repeated its success in the 1920s, winning the Stanley Cup in 1920,1921,1923 and 1927. In total, the won the Stanley Cup eleven times. In 1950, Canadian sports editors selected the Ottawa HC/Senators as Canadas greatest team in the first half of the 20th century. The club competed in the NHL until the 1933–34 season, when it relocated the NHL franchise to St. Louis, Missouri, the organization continued the Senators as an amateur, and later semi-professional, team in Quebec senior mens leagues until 1954. The Ottawa Hockey Club was founded by a group of like-minded hockey enthusiasts. A month after witnessing games of hockey at the 1883 Montreal Winter Carnival, Halder Kirby, Jack Kerr and Frank Jenkins met, being the first organized ice hockey club in Ottawa, and also the first in Ontario, the club had no other clubs to play that season. The only activities that winter were practices at the Royal Rink starting on March 5,1883, the club first participated competitively at the 1884 Montreal Winter Carnival ice hockey tournament wearing red and black uniforms. Future Ottawa mayor Nelson Porter is recorded as the scorer of the clubs first-ever goal, Frank Jenkins was the first captain of the team, he later became the president of the Hockey Club in 1891 and of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada in 1892. For the 1885 season, the club adopted gold and blue as its colours, Ottawa earned its first-ever victory at the tournament over the Montreal Victorias, but lost its final match to the Montreal Hockey Club to place second in the tournament. The 1886 Montreal tournament was cancelled due to an outbreak of smallpox, on December 8,1886, the first championship league, the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was founded in Montreal. It was composed of clubs from Montreal plus a Quebec City club. Ottawas Thomas D. Green was named the first president of the league, under the format, Ottawa lost the one challenge it played in that first 1887 season to the Montreal Victorias. After that season, Ottawa HC became inactive, the Royal Rink, which had been their primary facility, had been converted to a roller skating rink, and ice rink facilities were at a shortage. This changed with the opening of the Rideau Skating Rink in February 1889, One of the principal organizers in the restarting of the team was Ottawa Journal publisher P. D. Ross, who also played on the team

6.
Montreal Wanderers
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The Montreal Wanderers were a Canadian amateur, and later professional, mens ice hockey team. The team played in the Federal Amateur Hockey League, the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association, the Wanderers were four-time Stanley Cup winners. Prior to the formation of the NHL, the Redbands were one of the most successful teams in hockey, James Strachan announced the formation of the new club on December 1,1903. McKerrow President, James Strachan Vice-president, George Guile Secretary, Tom J. Hodge The club had formed over a dispute over the control of the Montreal Hockey Club, the Wanderers nickname was the namesake of several earlier Montreal teams. The first had played in the Montreal Winter Carnival hockey tournament in 1884, another was an independent team that played in 1893. A third played in the Independent Amateur Hockey League in 1885, along with teams rejected for membership in the Canadian Amateur Hockey League, the club helped found the Federal Amateur Hockey League on December 5,1903. Many of the early Wanderers had been members of the Montreal Hockey Club team of 1902–03 and that team had been known as the Little Men of Iron because of the players tenacity and small stature, and the nickname carried over to the new club. The Wanderers first Stanley Cup challenge was played against the Ottawa Hockey Club on March 2,1904, the Wanderers would refuse to continue the series unless the tie was replayed in Montreal, and forfeited the series. This was the start of a rivalry as Ottawa and the Wanderers would split the championship between them from 1903 until 1911. Ottawa and the Wanderers would meet again in 1906, after a regular season tie for first place in the ECAHA, and played a total goals series for the league championship. The Wanderers won the first game in Montreal 9–1, Montreal defended the Cup in its first challenge as champions in December 1906. The Wanderers defeated the New Glasgow Cubs 17–5 in a total goals series. Montreal repeated as champions in 1907, then faced the Kenora Thistles in a Cup challenge in January 1907. Kenora defeated Montreal 4–2 and 8–6, taking the Cup back to Northern Ontario, the Wanderers would regain the Cup from Kenora two months later in Winnipeg, Manitoba, defeating the Thistles 7–2 and 5–6. The Wanderers won their third league title in 1908 while defending the Cup in a mid-season challenge by the Ottawa Victorias in January. After their third consecutive ECAHA title, the Wanderers were given its trophy, the Cup is on display in the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto. After the 1908 regular season, Montreal defended the Stanley Cup twice in March 1908, in challenges by the Winnipeg Maple Leafs, the 1908 Wanderers team scratched their names inside the bowl, which was just prior to the second band being added to the Cup. The team included five future Honoured Members of the Hockey Hall of Fame, Moose Johnson, Hod Stuart, Riley Hern, Lester Patrick, before the 1909 season started, Montreal defended its Cup in a challenge by the Edmonton Eskimos, winning 13–10 in two games

7.
Vancouver Millionaires
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The Vancouver Millionaires were a professional ice hockey team that competed in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and the Western Canada Hockey League between 1911 and 1926. Based out of Vancouver, British Columbia, they played in Denman Arena, the first artificial ice surface in Canada, the Millionaires/Maroons succeeded as PCHA champions six times and won the Stanley Cup once, in 1915, against the Ottawa Senators of the NHA. Their jerseys were maroon, featuring a white V with Vancouver spelled down one side of the V, Hall of Famers Fred Cyclone Taylor, Mickey MacKay and Didier Pitre were among the most significant players to don the Millionaires/Maroons uniform in the teams history. Since that time, the Canucks have worn Millionaires throwback uniforms on a few occasions, frank aligned himself with Vancouver, playing for, coaching and managing the team. During his tenure in Vancouver, Taylor tallied 263 points in 131 games, in a best-of-five series played at Denman Arena, the Millionaires swept Ottawa by scores of 6–2, 8–3, and 12–3, Taylor led the team with 6 goals. At the time, it was the furthest west the Cup had been awarded and is Vancouvers only Stanley Cup champion, between 1918 and 1924, Vancouver would win the PCHA title in five of seven seasons. In 1921 and 1922, they were defeated by the Ottawa Senators and Toronto St. Pats in back-to-back Cup Finals, respectively. In 1922, the changed its name to the Vancouver Maroons and. Following the 1923–1924 season, the Maroons were absorbed by the WCHL upon the PCHAs demise, in 1926, the WCHL suffered the same fate of the PCHA, and after fifteen years, the team subsequently folded, as well. In 1999, local star and bodybuilder Jon Mikl Thor started VM Sports. Since there were no genuine Millionaires sweaters in existence since a fire destroyed Denman Arena in 1936, Thor trademarked the Vancouver Millionaires name and the Victory V logo. On May 1,2008, the BC Sports Hall Of Fame was donated one such Millionaires sweater from VM Sports, on October 1,2010 the Vancouver Canucks parent company, Canucks Sports & Entertainment, acquired the Vancouver Millionaires trademark from Thor. That same month, the Canucks unveiled their new third jerseys, in the shortened 2013 season the Vancouver Canucks wore the Millionaires V on their jersey, to honour those whose spirit laid the path they stand on today. On March 2,2014, the Vancouver Canucks wore the Millionaires jersey once more against the Ottawa Senators, who also wore their historic jersey during the 2014 Heritage Classic. In honour of the Millionaires Stanley Cup Victory 100 years prior, the Canucks wore their Maroon and White sweaters in a 4–1 loss at home against the Colorado Avalanche, on March 26,2015

8.
Pacific Coast Hockey Association
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The PCHA was considered to be a major league of ice hockey and was important in the development of the sport of professional ice hockey through its innovations. The league was started by the Patrick family, professional players from Montreal, building new arenas in Vancouver and Victoria. After a few years of play, the league was accepted by the Stanley Cup trustees as being of a high standard that teams from its league were accepted for Stanley Cup challenges. Starting in 1915, the league entered into an agreement where the Stanley Cup was to be contested between the National Hockey Association and the PCHA after the seasons were finished. The league struggled to make money, and various teams moved into different cities in an attempt to be successful financially, eventually, the league, to survive, merged with the WCHL in 1924. After playing for the Renfrew Millionaires in 1910, players Frank Patrick and Lester Patrick moved west to Nelson, after Joe decided to sell the business in January 1911, the Patricks decided then to form a new professional ice hockey league, risking the family fortune. The decision was made to put new rinks in Vancouver and Victoria, British Columbia, locations which necessitated the use of artificial ice, three teams, the New Westminster Royals, the Victoria Senators, and the Vancouver Millionaires would be formed. The Patricks moved quickly, buying property for the arenas in February, ground was broken for the arenas in April and the arenas were completed in December. Victorias arena seated 4,000, and cost $110,000, all players were paid by the league, unlike the NHA with its competing teams. The PCHA distributed players amongst the teams, Newsy Lalonde of the Canadiens would be the most notable player to move west, to play for Vancouver. The league was organized on December 7,1911 to be run by Frank and Lester. The Victoria arena would open to the public on Christmas Day 1911, the first league championship for the Patterson Cup trophy was won by the New Westminster Royals. The league did not challenge for the Stanley Cup the first year, despite the raiding of the NHA, a March 1912 west coast tour of the NHAs all-stars was arranged, billed as a sort of World Series of hockey. The NHA all-stars included Cyclone Taylor, a name in the East. After the PCHA all-stars won the first two games 10–4 and 5–1, leaving the outcome in no doubt, the NHA manager Art Ross decided to let Taylor play at the Patricks request. Taylor would put on a display of ice hockey prowess for the British Columbia fans. For the 1912–13 season the PCHA continued to raid the east for players, besides Taylor, Goldie Prodgers, Eddie Oatman, Jack McDonald and Ernie Johnson moved out west, although Newsy Lalonde returned to Montreal. The New Westminster rink, to be built by local interests, was not ready, Victoria would win the season and the club arranged for an exhibition series of the Stanley Cup champion Quebec Bulldogs

9.
Stanley Cup
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The Stanley Cup is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League playoff winner. The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal HC, and subsequent winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games, Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. After a series of mergers and folds, it was established as the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926. There are actually three Stanley Cups, the bowl of the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the authenticated Presentation Cup. The NHL has maintained control over both the trophy itself and its associated trademarks. Nevertheless, the NHL does not actually own the trophy, the original bowl was made of silver and is 18.5 centimetres in height and 29 centimetres in diameter. The current Stanley Cup, topped with a copy of the bowl, is made of a silver and nickel alloy, it has a height of 89.54 centimetres. Unlike the trophies awarded by the major professional sports leagues of North America. Originally, the winners kept it until a new champion was crowned, currently, winning teams get the Stanley Cup during the summer and a limited number of days during the season. It is unusual among trophies to include winning members names, every year since 1924, a select portion of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff names are engraved on its bands. However, there is not enough room to include all the players and non-players, initially a new band added each year, though this caused the trophy to grow in size, earning the nickname Stovepipe Cup. In 1958 the modern one-piece Cup was designed with a barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band. To prevent the Stanley Cup from growing, when the band is full, the oldest band is removed and preserved in the Hockey Hall of Fame. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanleys Cup, The Holy Grail, the Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team. Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 100 times by 18 active NHL teams, prior to that, the challenge cup was held by nine different teams. The Montreal Canadiens have won the Cup a record 24 times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win the cup, the Stanley Cup was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. After the Lord Stanley of Preston was appointed by Queen Victoria as Governor General of Canada on June 11,1888, he, Stanley was first exposed to the game at Montreals 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw the Montreal Victorias play the Montreal Hockey Club. The Montreal Gazette reported that he expressed his delight with the game of hockey

10.
Emmett Quinn
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Thomas Emmett Quinn was a Canadian ice hockey executive, coach and referee. Quinn served as president of the National Hockey Association, the predecessor of todays National Hockey League and his brother Percy Quinn was also an ice hockey executive. At the time of his death, Quinn was a Fire Commissioner in Montreal, Quinn first became notable in the field of ice hockey as a coach of the Montreal Shamrocks in the 1906–07 season. He was replaced after the season and worked as a referee for the 1907–08 season and he was the referee of the game, in Cornwall, Ontario in February,1907 in which Owen McCourt died as a result of his on-ice injuries. He returned to coaching, for the Quebec Bulldogs of the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association in 1908–09 and he also served as the ECHAs secretary-treasurer. In 1909, he was part of the dissolution of the ECHA and he became the Canadian Hockey Associations secretary-treasurer. When that league dissolved, he joined the National Hockey Association as secretary-treasurer, in 1910, he was appointed president of the NHA. He held the position until October 18,1916 when he resigned, during his tenure, the league moved into Quebec and Toronto, relocating franchises in northern Ontario that had been members of the Temiscaming Professional Hockey League. Under his tenure, the league imposed a cap on its players. The Pacific Coast Hockey Association was founded in 1911, and it became the NHAs major competitor, albeit in western cities and he also negotiated agreements to respect each leagues player contracts and a controlled draft for the transfer of players between the leagues. Quinn resigned from his position as president of the NHA after the 1915–16 season and he was rewarded with a silver tea service from the NHA in October 2016. He ended his involvement with hockey entirely, Quinn had three brothers Fred, Percy and Raphael. They had three children, Richard Francis Quinn, Robert Emmett Quinn and Millicent Quinn, Quinn was in the insurance business, as was his brother Percy. Quinn was nominated to the Fire Commissioners Court in 1924 for his experience in fire hazards and he died in 1930 at 52 years of age. Deceptions and Doublecross, How the NHL Conquered Hockey

11.
Frank Calder
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Frank Sellick Calder was an ice hockey executive, a journalist and athlete. He is most notable for serving as the first president of the National Hockey League from 1917 until his death in 1943. He was the last president of the NHLs predecessor league, the National Hockey Association and was instrumental in the transition from the NHA to the NHL, a transition made to expel a franchise owner. He presided over the expansion of the NHL from Canada into the United States while at the same time fending off of rivals to the NHLs status as the ice hockey league. Frank Calder was born to Scottish parents in Bristol, England on November 17,1877, Calder participated in many English sports as a youth, including rugby, cricket, handball, golf, and soccer. As a young man, he immigrated to Canada and became a teacher at a private school, before leaving the United Kingdom, he flipped a coin to decide whether he should immigrate to Canada or to the United States. He married a teacher, Amelia Cole, and they had three sons and one daughter. Calder worked as an editor at the Montreal Witness. From there, he moved to the Montreal Herald and Daily Telegraph and he maintained his interest in sports, creating the Montreal School Rugby League. He was elected a member of the committee of the PQFA in 1911 and 1912. Earlier he was a referee and had refereed the game between the Montreal All-Stars and the touring Corinthians from England in 1906, on November 15,1914, Calder was appointed secretary-treasurer of the National Hockey Association. He served as secretary-treasurer until 1917 when Frank Robinson resigned as president of the NHA, in 1917, the NHAs owners decided to drop Eddie Livingstones Toronto Blueshirts franchise and took his players. The NHAs president, Frank Robinson, seeing he was as powerless as his predecessor Emmett Quinn was, Calder, the league secretary, saw opportunity in the situation. He decided that the NHA owners allied against Eddie Livingstone needed someone to represent them and he arranged meetings between the NHAs owners to figure out how to get rid of Livingstone. They decided to form a new league, the National Hockey League, Calder was elected president of the new league which was officially established on November 26,1917. Calder wielded his power as president with authority, one example of this authority occurred during the Hamilton Tigers strike in 1925. Rather than negotiate with the players, he suspended and fined them each $200, Calder was adamant that minorities would not be restricted in the NHL. Only one attempt to remove Calder as president of the NHL was made and this was in 1932–33 when the owner of the Chicago Black Hawks, Frederic McLaughlin, circulated a letter to the NHL board of governors to remove him

12.
Art Ross
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Arthur Howey Art Ross was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and executive from 1905 until 1954. Regarded as one of the best defenders of his era by his peers and he was on Stanley Cup championship teams twice in a playing career that lasted thirteen seasons, in January 1907 with the Kenora Thistles and 1908 with the Montreal Wanderers. In 1911 he led one of the first organized player strikes over increased pay, when the Wanderers home arena burned down in January 1918, the team ceased operations and Ross retired as a player. After several years as an official, he was named head coach of the Hamilton Tigers for one season. When the Boston Bruins were formed in 1924, Ross was hired as the first coach and he would go on to coach the team on three separate occasions until 1945 and stayed as general manager until his retirement in 1954. Ross helped the Bruins finish first place in the ten times. After being hired by the Bruins, Ross, along with his wife and he died near Boston in 1964. Outside of his association with the Bruins, Ross also helped to improve the game and he created a style of hockey puck still used today, and advocated an improved style of goal nets, a change that lasted forty years. In 1947 Ross donated the Art Ross Trophy, awarded to the scorer of the NHL regular season. Ross was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1949, Ross was born January 13,1885, in Naughton, Ontario. His father, Thomas Barnston Ross, was the head of a Hudsons Bay Company trading post in the area, the ninth of ten children, Ross grew up speaking both English and Ojibwe, a native Canadian language. Ross moved to Montreal in 1902 to play in organized hockey leagues and he played high school and junior hockey with Lester and Frank Patrick, both of whom were later inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. Ross and Lester had a financially successful ticket resale business at the Montreal Arena, buying tickets for thirty-five cents, the best hockey players on their high school team, Ross and the Patrick brothers were invited to play occasional games for local league teams in Montreal. Ross first played in a league in 1905, joining Montreal Westmount of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League. He scored ten goals in eight games during the season and his opponents regarded him as one of the best rushing defencemen. Most defenders at the time either shot the puck down the ice or passed to a forward, in contrast, Ross skated up the ice, taking the puck into the offensive zone. Later that year, wishing to pursue a career in banking, he moved to Brandon, Manitoba, where he joined the Brandon Elks of the Manitoba Hockey League, the senior league in the province. In 1906, his first season, he scored six goals in seven games while he recorded six goals in ten games in 1907

13.
Amateur Hockey Association of Canada
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The Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was an amateur mens ice hockey league founded on 8 December 1886, in existence until 1898. It was the ice hockey league organized in Canada, after one in Kingston. It was organized to provide a season to determine the Canadian champion. Prior to its founding the Canadian championship was determined in a tournament in Montreal and it is the first championship ice hockey league. A meeting was called, for those in favor of the formation of a Dominion hockey association, for the evening of 8 December 1886. James Stewart, J. G. Monk, H. A. Budden, E. Sheppard, green of Ottawa had played on the 1883 McGill hockey team. In that age, ice hockey was a different game compared to today. These were defined as, left wing centre right wing rover point coverpoint The left wing, centre and right wing were the forwards, the rover would line up behind the centre, with the point and coverpoint following, in an I formation towards the goaltender. The face offs were at an angle to todays practice. The goaltenders used no special equipment, the goals were two posts, with no crossbar. An umpire would judge the legality of each score, there were no boards along the sides of the ice, and there were no standard dimensions for a rink, although dimensions were instituted for the positioning of the goal out from the ends of the rink. A match was two halves of thirty minutes, sudden-death overtime was also in place, and a match would continue until a goal was scored in the event of a tie after regulation. Players in all positions would normally play the entire 60 minutes, the captains of contesting teams shall agree upon two umpires and a referee. All questions as to games shall be settled by the umpires, all disputes on the ice shall be settled by the referee, and his decision shall be final. The game shall be commenced and renewed by a bully in the centre of the rink, goals, six feet wide and four feet high, which shall be changed after each game, unless otherwise agreed. A player must always be on his own side of the puck, the puck may be stopped, but not carried or knocked on, by any part of the body. No player shall raise his stick above his shoulder, when the puck gets off the ice behind the goals it shall be taken by the referee to five yards at right angles from the goal line and there faced. When the puck goes off the ice at the sides it shall be taken by the referee at five yards at right angles from the boundary line and there faced

14.
Western Pennsylvania Hockey League
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The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, was a semi-professional ice hockey league founded in 1896 and existing through the 1910s. Based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the league was the pre-eminent ice hockey league at the time in the United States and it was the first league to openly hire and trade players. In 1895, Pittsburgh officials, constructed the Schenley Park Casino which featured the first artificial ice-making plant in North America, the 1895-96 winter season also saw the first introduction of hockey in the city. On December 30,1895, the Pittsburgh Press made mention of an international hockey. The paper noted that 2,500 to 3,000 fans showed up to watch the game, no score or records were reportedly kept but the paper did note that the team from Queens University outplayed the Pittsburghers, who had never played the game before. The city quickly realized that in order to make money they would need to have more events than just speed skating, family skates and they decided that since hockey was a relatively new game, it could catch on in Pittsburgh. The PAC was managed by Charles S. Miller, who became the leagues president, the league played at the Casino twice a week, on Tuesday and Friday nights. The first big league game was November 17,1896 between Duquesne and PAC, won by Duquesne 2–1. Play continued until December 16, when the Casino rink was destroyed by fire, the league dissolved without a championship. The league would remain dormant until 1899 and the erection of a rink at the Duquesne Gardens. The league was revived with three teams, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, Pittsburgh Duquesne and Western University, the PAC won the leagues first championship. The following season the Pittsburgh Bankers, which was composed entirely of bankers, were admitted to the league, despite the fact that the league could be traced back to 1895, the WPHL wasnt officially started until the 1901-02 season. In 1901, Arthur Sixsmith, a member of the Ottawa Senators, traveled to Pittsburgh. The two men, along with the manager of the Duquesne Gardens, James Wallace Conant, then established the WPHL. By 1902, Sixsmith convinced several Canadian players, including his brother Garnet Sixsmith, to come to Pittsburgh, also in 1901, the Keystone Bicycle Club was admitted to the league, replacing Western University. The Keystones were instrumental in changing the league from amateur to professional, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club repeated as champions, although the Keystones were instantly competitive. In one memorable game occurred during this era, the WPHLs Garnet Sixsmith scored 11 goals in a game at the Duqesne Gardens. The 1901–02 season is considered the first season whereby the league was recognized as professional, the league had three teams in 1901-02, Pittsburgh Bankers, Pittsburgh Athletic Club and the Pittsburgh Keystones

15.
Canadian Amateur Hockey League
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The league existed for seven seasons, folding in 1905 and was itself replaced by the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. Formed because of a dispute between teams of the AHAC, it developed the sport in its transition to professional. The CAHL itself would fold over a dispute, leading to the new ECAHA league, the annual meeting of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada was held in Montreal on December 10,1898, and was reported as a cataclysm in the hockey world. At the previous meeting, the application of the Ottawa Capitals to join was declined. In 1898, the Capitals had won the championship and applied again for AHAC membership. The AHAC executive then voted in favor of admitting the Capitals for league membership and this led to the representatives of the Quebec, Montreal Victorias and Ottawa clubs opting to withdraw from the association. The representative of the Montreal Hockey Club asked the group to reconsider but was declined, the withdrawing teams then met at the Windsor Hotel the same day. A representative of the McGill University also attended on the possibility that McGill would join, on December 14, the group met again and organized the CAHL, adding also the Montreal Shamrocks and not McGill. The new league adopted the constitution of the AHAC. Proposed by the Quebec team, a rope was used to connect the tops of the goal posts. Attached to the rope and the posts was netting in a pocket, nets had been in use for the goals in lacrosse and ice polo. The nets became a permanent part of the CAHL rinks after a series in 1899. The league would stay with the five teams until the 1904 season. During the season, Ottawa withdrew from the league in a dispute with the league, the league continued its schedule with the remaining four teams. The following season, the league admitted the Montreal Le National and Montreal Westmount clubs in place of Ottawa, which joined the Federal Amateur Hockey League. It would be the season of the league, as in the off-season the Montreal Wanderers and Ottawa would form the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association. † Stanley Cup winner ‡ Ottawa resigned February 8,1904, Federal Amateur Hockey League List of Stanley Cup champions List of pre-NHL seasons List of ice hockey leagues

16.
International Professional Hockey League
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The International Professional Hockey League was the first fully professional Ice hockey league, operating from 1904 to 1907. It was formed by Jack Doc Gibson, a dentist who played hockey throughout Ontario before settling in Houghton, the IPHL was a five team circuit which included Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, Calumet, Michigan and Houghton, the IPHL was instrumental in changing the nature of top-level senior mens ice hockey from amateur to professional. In the time period around 1900, leagues in Canada fought against the professionalization of athletics, any player who figures on any of these teams must be banished from Ontario Hockey. However, it wasnt until the Portage Lakes Hockey Club and the formation of the IPHL in 1904 that any hockey league achieved full-fledged professional status, in the early 20th century, the mining industry was making huge investments in Northern Michigan. In the fall of 1903, James R. Dee of Houghton started discussions with Western Pennsylvania Hockey League representatives in Pittsburgh regarding the establishment of a national hockey association, houghtons team had played against Pittsburghs for a de facto United States national championship in ice hockey. In 1903–04, the professional Houghton team, without a league of its own, marie, Ontario and Michigan prompting the OHA to ban both the American Soo Indians and Canadian Sault Hockey Club from competing against Canadian amateur teams. As a result, the two teams had nowhere to go but to the professional league. A meeting was held on November 5,1904 which included prominent business leaders from Pittsburgh, a number of cities were considered for this new professional league including Montreal, Detroit, Chicago, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Milwaukee, Grand Rapids, and Duluth. However, the league accepted teams from Houghton, Pittsburgh, the two Soos, and Calumet, the representatives of the Canadian Soo suggested a revenue sharing plan that would divide gate receipts in a 60–40 home-visitor split. This revenue sharing plan would make the journey to Pittsburgh possible, considering that team played at the 5. The WPHL, which had been paying players to play ice hockey since 1901, put its best professionals into one team, the Pittsburgh Pros, the Houghton Portage Lakes team played at what was a new facility at the time called the Amphidrome on Portage Lake. The Calumet-Laurium Miners, a rival of the Houghton team. Marie, Michigan made the Ridge Street Ice-A-Torium, the curling club. Marie, Ontario team or Canadian Soo as it was called also played at its local curling rink, the International Hockey League attracted some of the best players from established Canadian amateur leagues. Every player received a salary of at least $15 to $40 a week. Ottawas Hod Stuart, was paid $1,800 by the Calumet Miners to play for the team, cyclone Taylor was enticed into the league with a salary offer of more than $3,000. In many cases, this meant that IHL managers would have to completely new teams each season

17.
Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association
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The Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association was a mens amateur – later professional – ice hockey league in Canada that played four seasons. It was founded on December 11,1905 with the top clubs from two leagues, four from the Canadian Amateur Hockey League and two from the Federal Amateur Hockey League. It was formed to maximize the revenues of a now popular spectator sport, the league would itself dissolve in 1909 over a dispute between team owners over business issues. Founding The CAHL held its meeting on December 9,1905. At that meeting it was decided that amalgamation with the FAHL should be attempted, on December 11, it was announced that the amalgamation would form a new league, the ECAHA. The CAHL was discontinued, but the FAHL would continue, the first executive was elected, Howard Wilson, Montreal G. P. Murphy, Ottawa Dr. From the start, the league allowed teams to use professional players. The players who were professionals had to be printed publicly, in 1908, the amateur-only Montreal Victorias and Montreal Hockey Club teams left the league. The league became a league, leading to several amateurs retiring from their teams. In significance of the change the league was renamed the Eastern Canada Hockey Association, in November 1909, the league dissolved over the plans of the Wanderers to move to an arena with fewer spectator seats. The three other teams announced that they were leaving the ECHA, creating the Canadian Hockey Association, the Wanderers helped form a competing league, the National Hockey Association. The CHA played for less than two weeks, merging with the NHA in January 1910, a silver championship trophy, designated the Arena Cup, was donated by the Montreal Arena Company. It was crafted from 90 ounces of sterling silver and designed by Birks of Montreal, after the Wanderers won it in 1906 through 1908, they were given the trophy permanently, a condition engraved in the silver of the trophy. The trophy is now on permanent display in the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto, a - Ottawa and Wanderers are both considered 1906 Stanley Cup Champions. List of Stanley Cup champions List of pre-NHL seasons List of ice hockey leagues Coleman, the Trail of the Stanley Cup, vol

18.
Ontario Professional Hockey League
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The Ontario Professional Hockey League, sometimes referred to as the Trolley League, and also known as the Canadian Hockey League in its time, was a professional ice hockey league in Canada. It was a professional league and consisted of teams from Toronto. The leagues annual champion would challenge for the Stanley Cup, the Ontario Professional Hockey League was organized in November 1907. The Toronto Professionals had been playing games against teams of the International Professional Hockey League. In early November 1907, the International League had folded, reducing the number of opponents for Toronto, at the annual meeting of the Toronto team on November 7, the first discussions of a possible league were held. A founding meeting was held in Berlin, Ontario on November 12 where a league was formed with Berlin, Brantford, Guelph, the leagues initial name was the Canadian Hockey League and the officers were, J. P. Downey, M. P. P. Guelph, Hon. President, Alex Mine, Toronto, President A. B, burnley, Brantford, Vice-President N. E. Irving, Guelph, Secretary Otto Vogelsang, Berlin, Treasurer J. C. Palmer, Toronto, George Roehmer, Berlin, J. A. Fitzgerald, Guelph and Roy Brown, the rules would be based on the Ontario Hockey Association and the International League. Representatives of Galt had shown interest in being a part of the league, in the 1908 off-season, Brantford left the league and was replaced by Galt and St. Catharines. Galt would win the OPHL championship and Galt challenged for the Stanley Cup in January 1909, after the 1909 season, Guelph, St. Catharines and Toronto left the league. In 1910 the OPHL added the Waterloo Colts to become a four-team league, Berlin got off to such a strong start in the season, that the league decided to start a new season in later January. In March 1910, Berlin challenged the Wanderers for the Cup and were defeated, the leagues final attempt to win the Cup came a year later in March 1911, with Galt again losing to Ottawa, which now played in the National Hockey Association. The league disbanded after the 1911 season, the OPHL teams were raided for players by the NHA after the NHA was itself raided for players by the Pacific Coast Hockey Association. Players who left included Eddie Oatman, Jack McDonald and Goldie Prodgers, the Moncton Victorias of the Maritime Professional Hockey League signed nearly all of the champion Galt teams players. The Victorias would win the MPHL championship and challenge NHA champion Quebec, a namesake league would play for one season in 1930–31 with teams in Galt, Guelph, Kitchener, Niagara Falls, Oshawa and Stratford. † Guelph and St. Catharines withdrew after six games of the schedule, List of pre-NHL seasons List of ice hockey leagues Coleman, Charles L. The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Vol.1, 1893–1926 inc

19.
History of the National Hockey League
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The history of the National Hockey League begins with the end of its predecessor league, the National Hockey Association, in 1917. The NHLs first quarter-century saw the league compete against two rival major leagues—the Pacific Coast Hockey Association and Western Canada Hockey League—for players and the Stanley Cup, the NHLs footprint spread across Canada as Foster Hewitts radio broadcasts were heard coast-to-coast starting in 1933. The Great Depression and World War II reduced the league to six teams, later known as the Original Six, by 1942. Maurice Richard became the first player to score 50 goals in a season in 1944–45, Gordie Howe made his debut in 1946, and retired 35 seasons later as the NHLs all-time leader in goals and points. China Clipper Larry Kwong becomes the first non-white player in the league, breaking the NHL colour barrier in 1948, Willie ORee broke the NHLs black colour barrier when he suited up for the Bruins in 1958. In 1959, Jacques Plante became the first goaltender to regularly use a mask for protection, the Original Six era ended in 1967 when the NHL doubled in size by adding six new expansion teams. The six existing teams were formed into the newly created East Division, the NHL continued to expand, adding another six teams, to total 18 by 1974. Bobby Hull was the most famous player to defect to the rival league, eventually, Soviet-Bloc players streamed into the NHL with the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. Since then, the league has grown from 22 teams in 1992 to 31 today as the NHL spread its footprint across the United States, Wayne Gretzky passed Gordie Howe as the NHLs all-time leading scorer in 1994 when he scored his 802nd career goal. Mario Lemieux overcame non-Hodgkin lymphoma to finish his NHL career with over 1,700 points, increased use of defence-focused systems helped cause scoring to fall in the late 1990s, leading some to argue that the NHLs talent pool had been diluted by 1990s expansion. The first attempts to regulate competitive ice hockey came in the late 1880s. Before then, teams competed in tournaments and infrequent challenge contests that prevailed in the Canadian sports world at the time, in 1887, four clubs from Montreal formed the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada and developed a structured schedule. In 1892, Lord Stanley donated the Stanley Cup to be symbolic of the Canadian championship and appointed Philip Dansken Ross and it was awarded to the AHAC champion Montreal Hockey Club and thereafter awarded to the league champions, or to any pre-approved team that won it in a challenge. In 1904, the International Hockey League, based around Lake Michigan, was created as the first fully professional league, in recruiting players, the IHL caused an Athletic War that drained amateur clubs of top players, most noticeably in the Ontario Hockey Association. In the 1905–06 season, the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association was formed, which mixed paid and amateur players in its rosters, bidding wars for players led many ECAHA teams to lose money, and it eventually folded on November 25,1909. As a result of the dissolution of the ECAHA, two leagues were formed—the Canadian Hockey Association and the National Hockey Association. Since the NHAs owners were notable, wealthy businessmen, the CHA did not complete a season, as the NHA easily recruited the top players, and interest in the CHA teams faded. By 1914, the rival Pacific Coast Hockey Association league was launched, the National Hockey League came into existence with the suspension of the NHA in 1917

20.
Percy LeSueur
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Sergeant Percivale St-Helier LeSueur was a Canadian senior and professional ice hockey goaltender. He was a member of the Smiths Falls Seniors for three years, with whom his performance in a 1906 Stanley Cup challenge series attracted the attention of his opponents, although his team lost the series, LeSueur excelled in goal, keeping the games close. Nine days after the defeat, he joined the Silver Seven and he remained with Ottawa through the 1913–14 season where he served as team captain for three seasons, and assumed coaching duties in his final season with the team. LeSueur was traded to the Toronto Ontarios for the 1914–15 season, after playing the following season for the Toronto Blueshirts, he enlisted in the army and fought for Canada during the First World War. He returned to following the conclusion of the war, serving in various roles including referee, coach, manager, arena manager. He coached ten games in the National Hockey League with the Hamilton Tigers, as a journalist, he was the first reporter to include shots on goal statistics in game summaries. LeSueur was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961, born in Quebec City, Quebec, LeSueur played amateur hockey in his hometown with several teams on the right wing. He scored a regular season goal with the Quebec Hockey Club in 1901, for the 1903–04 season, he moved to Smiths Falls, Ontario, to play for the Seniors. When the teams usual goaltender fell ill, LeSueur agreed to play goal, in March 1906, the Seniors issued a challenge for the Stanley Cup to the Ottawa Silver Seven. In the two-game, total goals series, Smiths Falls lost the first game 6–5, both games were played at Deys Arena in Ottawa, on March 6 and 8. Following his teams loss in the match, LeSueur, a bank clerk. Impressed by his performance, the Silver Seven asked him to join their team, the Silver Seven called the timing of LeSueurs arrival a coincidence, but with an eight-goal lead in the series, the Wanderers did not protest LeSueurs eligibility. Frank Smith appeared to put Ottawa ahead 11–10, but what would have been his goal of the game was disallowed by an offside call. The Wanderers responded with an attack, resulting in Lester Patrick scoring two late goals, leading Montreal to a 12–10 series victory and the Stanley Cup. LeSueur was the first goaltender, and one of two to play for two different teams in Stanley Cup challenges in the same season. LeSueur played for Ottawa through the 1913–14 season, in 1908, he was the teams sole representative at the Hod Stuart Benefit All-Star Game, played on January 2. The Wanderers defeated a team of All-Stars, made up of the top players of the other teams. LeSueur remarked in the Ottawa Free Press that while joining the Silver Seven was his biggest thrill, in the 1909 ECHA season, LeSueur won the Stanley Cup with the Ottawa, now nicknamed the Senators, after the team led the league with 10 wins

21.
Fred Lake (ice hockey)
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Frederick Edgar Lake was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Amongst the teams he played with were the Ottawa Senators and Toronto Ontarios and he won two Stanley Cups in 1909 and 1911 with Ottawa. Born in Moosomin, Saskatchewan, Fred Lake first played hockey for the Moosomin hockey club in 1900–01. In 1902, he turned professional with Pittsburgh of the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League, in 1903, he helped Pittsburgh win the US Professional Championship against Houghton, Michigan. For 1903–04, he would sign up for the new International Professional Hockey League first playing for the Michigan Soo Indians in Sault Ste, marie, Michigan before moving to Portage Lakes-Houghton, where he would play for three seasons until 1907. He moved back to Canada in 1907, playing first for the Winnipeg Strathconas then the Winnipeg Maple Leafs, as a member of the Maple Leafs he would play in an unsuccessful Stanley Cup challenge against the Montreal Wanderers in 1908. For the 1908–09 season, he re-signed with Pittsburgh of the WPHL, however, after three games he was released because of his rough play. He was signed by the Ottawa Hockey Club of the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association and he would remain a player with Ottawa for four seasons, winning another Stanley Cup championship in 1911, before being traded to the Toronto Ontarios in 1913, where he played for one season. For his final season, he returned via a trade to Ottawa and he only played two games for the Senators that season and retired after the season

22.
Jack McDonald (ice hockey)
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He was a member of the 1912 Quebec Bulldogs Stanley Cup championship team, playing eleven seasons for the Bulldogs in the period from 1905–06 until 1919–20. Born in Quebec City, Quebec, McDonald played intermediate hockey for the Quebec Crescents in 1905–06, except for the 1910 season when the Quebec team did not operate due to the failure of the Canadian Hockey Association, McDonald was a member of the Bulldogs until 1912. He was a member of the 1912 Quebec Stanley Cup champion squad, after the 1912 NHA season, McDonald played in an exhibition of NHA All-Stars out west against the PCHA All-Stars. In the new NHL, McDonald was picked up by the Montreal Wanderers, McDonald was one of 12 players who were members of the 1917–18 Wanderers squad. The Wanderers home arena was destroyed by fire only 6 games into the 22 game schedule and this event forced the league to disperse the Wanderers players via a draft to 1 of the remaining 3 teams in the National Hockey League. McDonald was picked up by the Montreal Canadiens for whom he played until 1919, the following season, Quebec activated its franchise, and he was returned to Quebec by the Canadiens. He played in Quebecs final season in the NHA of 1919–20, the following season, the Quebec franchise was moved to Hamilton and McDonald was traded back to the Canadiens. He split the 1920–21 season with Montreal and the Toronto St. Pats, McDonalds final season was in 1921–22 with the Canadiens, suiting up for only three games. December 21,1914 - Traded to Quebec by Toronto for Tommy Smith November 26,1917 - Claimed by Montreal Wanderers in Quebec dispersal draft, january 4,1918 - Claimed by Montreal in Wanderers dispersal draft. November 25,1919 - Returned to Quebec by Montreal when Quebec activated, November 2,1920 - Transferred to Hamilton after Quebec relocated. November 27, 1920- Traded to Montreal by Hamilton with Harry Mummery and Dave Ritchie for Goldie Prodgers, Joe Matte, Jack Coughlin, february 11,1921 - Loaned to Toronto by Montreal for the remainder of the 1920-21 season. List of Stanley Cup challenge games List of Stanley Cup champions Jack McDonalds career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database Jack McDonalds biography at Legends of Hockey

23.
Jack Laviolette
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John Jack Laviolette was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Laviolette played nine seasons for the Montreal Canadiens hockey club and was their first captain, coach, Laviolette was one of the first francophone stars of ice hockey. He was born in Belleville, Ontario, but grew up in Valleyfield and he was an outstanding scorer from the defenceman position. But Laviolettes true place in history has less to do with his scoring prowess. He was their first player, coach and general manager in their inaugural 1910 season, Laviolette completed the task in time for the NHAs inaugural season. Among those that would sign on to that first team would be future hall of famers Newsy Lalonde, Didier Pitre, the team he built would go on to be the most successful franchise in professional hockey. Laviolette would first play elite-level senior mens hockey in 1904 for the Montreal Le National. He would then star for the new Canadiens franchise from 1910 until 1918 scoring 45 goals in 147 games, Laviolette lost his right foot in an automobile accident in 1918, ending his playing career. A benefit game for Laviolette was arranged at the Mount Royal Arena in 1921 and he was the guest of honour, and also refereed. 1904-05, 06-07 - First All-Star Right Wing, IPHL 1915–16 - Stanley Cup champion 1960 - Inducted into Canadas Sports Hall of Fame 1963 - Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame Hockey Hall of Fame, honoured Members, Hockey Hall of Fame. Laviolettes biography at Legends of Hockey

24.
Eddie Livingstone
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Edward James Livingstone was a Canadian sports team owner and manager. Livingstone was born in Toronto, Ontario as the youngest of three children and he played junior and intermediate ice hockey with the St. Georges Club in Toronto, before becoming an Ontario Hockey Association referee. He also covered ice hockey for the Toronto Mail and Empire, Livingstone became manager of ice hockey and football at the Toronto Rugby and Athletic Association. His success in amateur hockey prompted Livingstone to make the jump to the game by buying the struggling Toronto Ontarios of the National Hockey Association. During the 1914–15 season, the Ontarios traded in their orange sweaters for green and were renamed the Toronto Shamrocks, the team skated to a record of 7 wins and 13 losses, an improvement of three games over the 1913–14 campaign. During the 1914–15 season, on February 3,1915, Sammy Lichtenheins Montreal Wanderers were awarded a game by forfeit over the Shamrocks. The Shamrocks had told the league that they couldnt put a team on the ice without George McNamara and Howard McNamara. Livingstone asked for a postponement, but Lichtenhein refused and the league ruled the game forfeited, in a gesture of sportsmanship, Lichtenhein then made an offer to reschedule the game and play the Shamrocks on March 6,1915. Shortly after, with the Wanderers and Ottawa in a tight race for the league championship. Lichtenhein was incensed and threatened to have Livingstone thrown out of the NHA, the Wanderers and Ottawa ended the season tied for first place. The NHA executive met on March 4 and decided to recognize the forfeit, instead, a two-game, total-goals series was scheduled between Montreal and Ottawa to determine the champion. The league also rejected Lichtenheins request to have Livingstone expelled from the NHA, Livingstone and Lichtenhein would continue to feud for years. At one meeting during the 1916–17 campaign, Lichtenhein grew so infuriated that he offered Livingstone $3,000 to abandon his team, Livingstone countered with a $5,000 bid for Lichtenhein to shut down his Wanderers. Before the 1915–16 season, Frank Robinson sold the Toronto Blueshirts — the NHAs other Toronto franchise — to Livingstone, the NHA didnt want one owner to have two clubs in the league, and Livingstone said that he would sell the Shamrocks. To fill the holes in his lineup, Livingstone transferred Shamrocks players to the Blueshirts, when he hadnt sold the team by the November 20,1915 deadline set by the league, the NHA seized the franchise and kept it dormant for the season. Before the season began, Livingstone argued with the owners of Arena Gardens over the terms for the use of their facility, the NHA said that it would not allow the move. The 1916–17 campaign was a one for the NHA. Canada intensified its contribution to World War I, and a number of pro, the 228th Battalion, CEF of the Canadian infantry formed a team in the NHA, taking the place of the suspended Toronto Shamrocks franchise and sharing Arena Gardens with the Blueshirts

25.
Quebec Bulldogs
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The Quebec Bulldogs were a mens senior-level ice hockey team officially known as the Quebec Hockey Club, and later as the Quebec Athletic Club. One of the first organized ice hockey clubs, the club debuted in 1878 with the opening of the Quebec Skating Rink, the club continued as an amateur team through various leagues, eventually becoming professional in 1908. The club would play in the National Hockey Association and the National Hockey League, in 1920, the team moved to Hamilton, Ontario and became the Hamilton Tigers. The Quebec Hockey Club was founded in 1878, after the construction of the Quebec Skating Rink in 1877, play was by exhibition only, against teams drawn from the club members or visiting teams from Montreal. In 1883, the played in the Montreal Winter Carnival. After the AHAC, Quebec played in the Canadian Amateur Hockey League from 1899 to 1905, the club came close to winning the Stanley Cup on two occasions. In the 1894 season Quebec tied for the AHAC regular season lead with three other clubs, the AHAC drew up plans to hold the playoff solely in Montreal. Quebec declined to play in Montreal without one game in Quebec, in 1904, Quebec won the CAHL outright. In a dispute, the club did not win the Stanley Cup or challenge for it, the Ottawa Hockey Club was the defending champions in 1903–04, but withdrew from the league. Quebec went on to win the CAHL and expected to receive the Stanley Cup as league champions, the trustees of the Cup instead ruled that the Cup went to Ottawa. In late 1909, Quebec became a member of the Canadian Hockey Association in 1909. The CHA, however, would only last one month before being absorbed into the more powerful National Hockey Association. Rejected by the new league, the Bulldogs sat out the inaugural 1910 season, the following season, 1910–11, the Bulldogs took over the defunct Cobalt Silver Kings franchise, but had a rough initiation, finishing dead last with four wins and 12 losses in a 16-game season. On a positive note, and a sign of things to come, Jack McDonald scored 14 goals and Tommy Dunderdale scored 13. For 1911–12, the Bulldogs went from worst to first, with Joe Malone having a season, to win the OBrien Cup as champions of the NHA. The Dogs record improved to 10 wins and eight losses while Malone scored 21 goals, in a Stanley Cup challenge, they crushed the Moncton Victorias in two games, 9–3 and 8–0, in the best-of-three playoff. In their third season, Quebec would again finish first overall with a record of 16-4 losses to retain the championship, Joe Malone won the scoring race with an unprecedented 43 goals. His teammate, Tommy Smith, was a second with 39

26.
Toronto Blueshirts
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The Toronto Hockey Club, known as the Torontos and the Toronto Blueshirts, were a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They were a member of the National Hockey Association, the club was founded in 1911 and began operations in 1912. The club won its sole Stanley Cup championship in 1914, the club became the center of a controversy among NHA owners leading to the NHA suspending operations and the owners forming the National Hockey League. The Blue Shirts were replaced in the NHL by a new Toronto Hockey Club under the ownership of the Toronto Arena Company, the Torontos players were leased to the Arena ownership temporarily and competed in the NHL in 1917–18, winning the Stanley Cup. The Arena Company was then granted a permanent franchise for the 1918–19 season that evolved into todays Toronto Maple Leafs, the NHA was founded in 1909 without any teams based in Toronto. National Hockey Association founder Ambrose OBrien, operated four franchises in the NHA, the Cobalt Silver Kings, Haileybury Comets, Les Canadiens and the Renfrew Creamery Kings. In 1910, OBrien suspended the Cobalt, Haileybury and Canadiens clubs and sold one franchise to form the Montreal Canadiens, in 1911, OBrien decided to leave professional ice hockey entirely. Quebec interests bought one of the franchises from OBrien, and the two were sold to Toronto interests who planned to play in the new Arena Gardens arena under construction. The franchise which became the Toronto Hockey Club was bought by Frank Robinson, Percy Quinn, Quinn was president of the Dominion Lacrosse Association, a Canadian professional lacrosse league that had patterned itself after the NHA. The second Toronto franchise was awarded to an affiliated with the Tecumseh Lacrosse Club of Toronto. According to Coleman, the franchise for the Torontos was that used by the Les Canadiens, other books quote OBrien as selling the Canadiens to George Kennedy, leaving the case of which franchise was sold to Robinson unresolved. In any case, the Toronto team was built from scratch, Toronto had not previously had an arena with artificial ice that would be large enough for an NHA team, but in 1911, work began on the Arena Gardens. The schedule for the 1911–12 season was drawn up with two Toronto teams, as the Arena was not finished, no games were scheduled to be played in Toronto until the end of January, when the new arena was supposed to be ready. The Torontos played their first game on December 25,1912 before 4,000 fans at Arena Gardens, the Toronto Hockey Club was owned by Quinn, managed by Ridpath, and initially coached by Tom Humphrey who was soon replaced by player-coach Jack Marshall. The team Ridpath put on the ice included Cully Wilson and future hall-of-famers Hap Holmes, Harry Cameron, Frank Foyston, the Torontos finished the year in a tie for third place. Before the 1913–14 season, the club faced some upheaval, Ridpath resigned as manager in October 1913 and was replaced by Marshall. Ridpath would try out as a player but gave up his comeback attempt before the season started, despite the changes, the Torontos won the Stanley Cup in 1914, defeating the Montreal Canadiens in a playoff to decide the NHA champion. After the season, the then played a series with the Victoria Aristocrats of the Pacific Coast Hockey League

27.
Montreal Canadiens
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The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the clubs official name is le Club de hockey Canadien. The team is referred to in English and French as the Habs. French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens, Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge, La Sainte-Flanelle, Le Tricolore, Les Glorieux, Les Habitants, Le CH and Le Grand Club. Founded in 1909, the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide, the franchise is one of the Original Six teams, a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion. The teams championship season in 1992–93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup, the Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise. They have won 24 Stanley Cups,22 of them since 1927, on a percentage basis, as of 2014, the franchise has won 25. Since 1996, the Canadiens have played their games at Centre Bell. The team previously played at the Montreal Forum which housed the team for seven decades and all, the Canadiens were founded by J. Ambrose OBrien on December 4,1909, as a charter member of the National Hockey Association, the forerunner to the National Hockey League. It was to be the team of the community in Montreal, composed of francophone players. The teams first season was not a success, as they placed last, after the first year, ownership was transferred to George Kennedy of Montreal and the teams fortunes improved over the next seasons. The team won its first Stanley Cup championship in the 1915–16 season, in 1917, with four other NHA teams, the Canadiens formed the NHL, and they won their first NHL Stanley Cup during the 1923–24 season, led by Howie Morenz. The team moved from the Mount Royal Arena to the Montreal Forum for the 1926–27 season, the club began the 1930s decade successfully, with Stanley Cup wins in 1930 and 1931. The Canadiens and its rival, the Montreal Maroons, declined both on the ice and economically during the Great Depression. Losses grew to the point where the team owners considering selling the team to interests in Cleveland, Ohio, the Maroons still suspended operations, and several of their players moved to the Canadiens. Led by the Punch Line of Maurice Rocket Richard, Toe Blake and Elmer Lach in the 1940s, the Canadiens added ten more championships in 15 seasons from 1965 to 1979, with another dynastic run of four-straight Cups from 1976 to 1979. In the 1976–77 season, the Canadiens set two still-standing team records — for most points, with 132, and fewest losses, by losing eight games in an 80-game season. The next season, 1977–78, the team had a 28-game unbeaten streak, scotty Bowman, who would later set a record for most NHL victories by a coach, was the teams head coach for its last five Stanley Cup victories in the 1970s

28.
Angus Duford
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Angus Edmund Duford was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Duford played at the forward position for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey Association in 1913–1916. Over three seasons in the NHA Duford scored 13 goals in 45 games and he was born in Hawthorne, Ontario. Duford fought with the Canadian military in World War I and was injured by an exploding shell in Somme, France. It left his right side paralyzed and disabled his speech, and he died at his home in Ottawa, May 21,1950

29.
Horace Merrill
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Horace Jefferson Merrill was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played two seasons in the National Hockey League for the Ottawa Senators. He won a Stanley Cup Championship in 1920 and he was born in Toronto, Ontario, but lived most of his life in Ottawa, Ontario. Merrill was also an accomplished canoeist, holding the Canadian title from 1907 until 1909 in the single canoe, born in Toronto, Ontario, Merrill moved to Ottawa, Ontario at an early age. By 1907, Merrill was playing hockey with the Ottawa Seconds of the Ottawa City Hockey League. The following year he started playing for the Ottawa Cliffsides and was a member of their Allan Cup-winning squad in 1909. By 1912, he joined the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey Association and he stayed with the Senators until his retirement in 1920. Note, GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, Merrill was an outstanding paddler in the decade 1902-1912. He was a member of the Rideau Canoe Club’s first war canoe crew in 1902, paddling for Ottawa Canoe Clubin 1904 he won the senior singles in the Canadian Canoe Association competition. By 1906 he had switched to the New Edinburgh Canoe Club, in 1908 and 1909 he took the title as Canadian senior singles champion. In 1908,1909 and 1910 he led the NECC war canoe crew to second place finishes in the half-mile Canadian championships, the crew came second in the mile race in 1908 and finished first in 1909,1910, and 1911. In 1912 he served as commodore of the CCA. Merrill retired to live and marry in Ottawa and he became the president of the Dadson-Merrill Press Company until his retirement from that business in 1945. He also served as a school trustee, in 1958, he suffered a stroke on an automobile trip to Florida with his wife, while driving through Cortland, New York, and was returned to Ottawa on December 19,1958. He died a week later and is buried in Ottawa at Beechwood cemetery along with numerous other Senators players, Horace Merrill at JustSportsStats Profile at Legendsofhockey. net Horace Merrill player profile at NHL. com Horace Merrills career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database

30.
Jack Darragh
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John Proctor Jack Darragh was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Darragh played the position for the Ottawa Senators in the National Hockey League. Darragh was a member of four Stanley Cup championship teams and a NHA championship team, Darragh played his entire professional career with the Ottawa Senators. He was a big part of their success, winning four Stanley Cups and he retired after that Cup win, but returned after one season to play for the Cup-winning team of 1922–23, the third in four seasons, all with Darragh in the lineup. He retired after the 1923–24 season and died a few months due to peritonitis. Stanley Cup champion,1911,1920,1921,19231963 - Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, list of ice hockey players who died during their playing career Hockey Hall of Fame. Honoured Members, Hockey Hall of Fame, Jack Darraghs biography at Legends of Hockey Jack Darragh career statistics at EliteProspects. com Jack Darraghs career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database Jack Darragh at Find a Grave

31.
Don Smith (ice hockey, born 1887)
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Donald John Smith was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Shamrocks, Montreal Wanderers and Renfrew Creamery Kings. Smith played senior hockey for his hometown Cornwall, Ontario club in the Federal Amateur Hockey League from 1904 until 1907. He became a professional with Portage la Prairie, Manitoba of the Manitoba Professional Hockey League in 1907–08 and he returned to Ontario the following season, playing for St. Catharines, Ontario and Toronto in the Ontario Professional Hockey League. In 1909–10, he joined the Montreal Shamrocks of the National Hockey Association and he played in 1910–11 for Renfrew Creamery Kings before joining the Victoria Aristocrats of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association for a season. He returned the following season to the Montreal Canadiens and played for the Canadiens until 1915, Smith left the league at the conclusion of the 1915–16 NHA season to serve in World War I. Upon his return, in 1919–20, Smith re-joined the Montreal Canadiens, now in the National Hockey League, signed as a free agent by St. Catharines, December 8,1908. Signed as an agent by Toronto after St. Catharines folded. Signed as an agent by Trenton, December 22,1910. Signed by Renfrew after jumping contract with Trenton, December 27,1910, claimed by Montreal Wanderers in Dispersal Draft of Renfrew players, November 12,1911. Signed by Victoria after jumping contract with Montreal Wanderers, December,1911, signed as a free agent by Montreal Canadiens, November 26,1912. Traded to Montreal Wanderers by Montreal Canadiens for cash, February 2,1915, rights not retained by Montreal Wanderers after NHA folded, November 26,1917. Signed as an agent by Montreal, December 11,1919. Don Smith player profile at NHL. com Don Smiths career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database Don Smiths biography at Legends of Hockey

32.
The Arena, Ottawa
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The Arena, also known as Deys Arena was an arena for ice hockey located in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It was the home of the Ottawa Hockey Club from 1908 to 1923 and it was the third in a series of ice hockey venues built by the Dey family of Ottawa. At the time of its building, it was Canadas largest arena, the arena was built in 1907 and was built because audiences for hockey matches had out-grown the previous arena, known as Deys Rink or Deys Arena. The spectator capacity was 7,000, of which 2,500 was standing room. The Arena, as it was called, was built on leased land at Laurier Avenue at the Rideau Canal, on the location of todays Confederation Park, near the current Ottawa city hall. This is very close to the location of the first Deys Rink and it is also close to the location of the Royal Rink at 28 Slater, which was where the Ottawa Hockey Club first practised in 1883. The land for The Arena was leased from landowner Esther Sherwood for the rate of $166.66 per month, the Arena opened on January 11,1908 for a game between Ottawa and the Montreal Wanderers, the top rivalry of the day. The last Senators game at the arena was held on March 10,1923, the Ottawa Auditorium was also built by the Deys, who were part owners of the Ottawa Senators. This third rink was torn down by the government at the end of the lease in 1927 to make way for the ceremonial Driveway improvement project along the Rideau Canal. The Arena hosted the 1910 and 1911 Stanley Cup challenges, the Arena was used for other sports as well as ice hockey. The 1912 Canadian Figure Skating Championships were held in February 1912 at the Arena, boxing matches were held there including Canadian heavyweight champion Tommy Burns versus Len Darcy, and Canadian lightweight champion Bobby Ebber versus Homer LeBlanc on October 16,1925. The matches drew over two thousand fans, the Arena was a large improvement internally from the previous Dey Arena. The dressing rooms, rest rooms, smoking rooms and lobby were steam-heated, the main doors were on Laurier Avenue, and a north entrance existed onto Slater Street, which at the time extended to the Canal. The exterior was simple, and did not meet Sherwoods lease criteria of an architectural feature of Ottawa. At its building, it was the largest ice arena in Canada, the Arena ice surface was unusually shaped. Both ends are curved, with no straight sections behind the net and this design was passed along to the successor Ottawa Auditorium ice surface design. Dey Brothers rinks were home to the Senators, the long road to the Palladium

33.
Montreal Arena
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The Montreal Arena, also known as Westmount Arena, was an indoor arena located in Westmount, Quebec, Canada on the corner of St. Catherine Street and Wood Avenue. It was likely one of the first arenas designed expressly for hockey and it was the primary site of amateur and professional ice hockey in Montreal until 1918. Opened on December 31,1898, it held 10,000 people,4300 seated and it held a refreshment buffet and smoking rooms, with rugs available for rental to sit on. It is likely the third arena designed expressly for ice hockey, after the St. Nicholas Rink in New York City, and the Deys Skating Rink in Ottawa, the ice rink ends were not squared-off, but rounded-off. The ends were somewhat semi-circular, possibly the first design of its kind, a puck could be shot along the outside rim, slide along the corners, pass behind the goal and come out the other side. This type of shot is common in hockey today, and is called rimmed around, the rounded-corners design spread to other arenas. In 1902, after Ottawas Dey Rink was demolished due to a storm, the fence along the ice surface was increased in height to 4 feet, an increase from the Victoria Skating Rinks one foot high boards. The first artificial ice-making plant in Montreal was installed in the Arena in 1915, the owners of the Montreal Arena, the Canadian Arena Company, later built the Arena Gardens in Toronto, and operated the Toronto NHL franchise in 1917-18. Principals of the Arena Company, such as William Northey, would later be involved in the building of the Montreal Forum, a fire started in the ice-making plant causing the arena to burn down on January 2,1918. Damage was estimated at $150,000, including the uniforms and sticks of the Wanderers and Canadiens, the blaze led the Montreal Wanderers, already on shaky grounds, to disband within days and the Canadiens to move back to Jubilee Arena. In 1924, the new Montreal Forum was built one block to the east, the Arena site is today the site of the Plaza Alexis-Nihon. A new Westmount Arena was built in 1957 to serve the residents of Westmount and it holds a collection of replica Stanley Cup banners to honour the early ice hockey teams which won the Stanley Cup. Stanley Cup banners were not hung in the days of ice hockey. At first, it hosted the Montreal senior mens hockey teams of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada, including the Montreal, Shamrock. The Wanderers would start there in 1904. Later, it served as the rink for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey Association. In 1907, it was the site of one of hockeys first player brawls, on January 12,1907, the game between the heated rivals Ottawa Hockey Club and the Montreal Wanderers degenerated into a free for all. Ottawa players Charles Spittal, Alf Smith and Harry Smith each knocked out a Montreal player cold, cecil Blachford, Ernest Johnson and Hod Stuart all required hospital treatment

34.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange

35.
Boston
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Boston is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1,1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles with a population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area, this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, One of the oldest cities in the United States, Boston was founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from England. It was the scene of several key events of the American Revolution, such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston. Upon U. S. independence from Great Britain, it continued to be an important port and manufacturing hub as well as a center for education, through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the original peninsula. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing over 20 million visitors per year, Bostons many firsts include the United States first public school, Boston Latin School, first subway system, the Tremont Street Subway, and first public park, Boston Common. Bostons economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, the city has one of the highest costs of living in the United States as it has undergone gentrification, though it remains high on world livability rankings. Bostons early European settlers had first called the area Trimountaine but later renamed it Boston after Boston, Lincolnshire, England, the renaming on September 7,1630 was by Puritan colonists from England who had moved over from Charlestown earlier that year in quest of fresh water. Their settlement was limited to the Shawmut Peninsula, at that time surrounded by the Massachusetts Bay and Charles River. The peninsula is thought to have been inhabited as early as 5000 BC, in 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colonys first governor John Winthrop led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history, over the next 130 years, the city participated in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their Indian allies in North America. Boston was the largest town in British America until Philadelphia grew larger in the mid-18th century, Bostons harbor activity was significantly curtailed by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Bostons merchants had found alternatives for their investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the economy, and the citys industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance by the mid-19th century. Boston remained one of the nations largest manufacturing centers until the early 20th century, a network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a network of railroads furthered the regions industry. Boston was a port of the Atlantic triangular slave trade in the New England colonies

36.
Cleveland
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Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time

37.
Vancouver
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Vancouver is a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, the Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third largest metropolitan area in Canada. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre. With over 250,000 residents, Vancouver municipality is the fourth most densely populated city in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census. In that census, Vancouver was one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada, Vancouver is classed as a Beta global city. In 2014, following thirty years in California, the annual TED conference made Vancouver its indefinite home, several matches of the 2015 FIFA Womens World Cup were played in Vancouver, including the final at BC Place Stadium. From that first enterprise, other stores and some hotels quickly appeared along the waterfront to the west, Gastown became formally laid out as a registered townsite dubbed Granville, B. I. As of 2014, Port Metro Vancouver is the third largest port by tonnage in the Americas, 27th in the world, the busiest and largest in Canada, and the most diversified port in North America. While forestry remains its largest industry, Vancouver is well known as an urban centre surrounded by nature, archaeological records indicate the presence of Aboriginal people in the Vancouver area from 8,000 to 10,000 years ago. The city is located in the territories of the Squamish, Musqueam. They had villages in various parts of present-day Vancouver, such as Stanley Park, False Creek, Kitsilano, Point Grey, the city takes its name from George Vancouver, who explored the inner harbour of Burrard Inlet in 1792 and gave various places British names. The explorer and North West Company trader Simon Fraser and his became the first known Europeans to set foot on the site of the present-day city. In 1808, they travelled from the east down the Fraser River, perhaps as far as Point Grey. The Fraser Gold Rush of 1858 brought over 25,000 men, mainly from California, to nearby New Westminster on the Fraser River, on their way to the Fraser Canyon, a sawmill established at Moodyville in 1863, began the citys long relationship with logging. It was quickly followed by mills owned by Captain Edward Stamp on the shore of the inlet. This mill, known as the Hastings Mill, became the nucleus around which Vancouver formed, the mills central role in the city waned after the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s. It nevertheless remained important to the economy until it closed in the 1920s. The settlement which came to be called Gastown grew up quickly around the original makeshift tavern established by Gassy Jack Deighton in 1867 on the edge of the Hastings Mill property

38.
British Columbia
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British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U. S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, subsequently, on the mainland, the Colony of British Columbia was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Port Moody is named after him, in 1866, Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia, and Victoria became the united colonys capital. In 1871, British Columbia became the province of Canada. Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu, the capital of British Columbia remains Victoria, the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada, named for the Queen who created the original European colonies. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, in October 2013, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,606,371. British Columbia evolved from British possessions that were established in what is now British Columbia by 1871, First Nations, the original inhabitants of the land, have a history of at least 10,000 years in the area. Today there are few treaties and the question of Aboriginal Title, notably, the Tsilhqotin Nation has established Aboriginal title to a portion of their territory, as a result of the recent Supreme Court of Canada decision. BCs economy is diverse, with service producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the provinces GDP and it is the endpoint of transcontinental railways, and the site of major Pacific ports that enable international trade. Though less than 5% of its vast 944,735 km2 land is arable and its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism, though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the provinces largest city and metropolitan area, also serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies and it also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. The Northern Interior region has a climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, the provinces name was chosen by Queen Victoria, when the Colony of British Columbia, i. e. the Mainland, became a British colony in 1858. The current southern border of British Columbia was established by the 1846 Oregon Treaty, British Columbias land area is 944,735 square kilometres. British Columbias rugged coastline stretches for more than 27,000 kilometres and it is the only province in Canada that borders the Pacific Ocean. British Columbias capital is Victoria, located at the tip of Vancouver Island. Only a narrow strip of the Island, from Campbell River to Victoria, is significantly populated, much of the western part of Vancouver Island and the rest of the coast is covered by thick, tall and sometimes impenetrable temperate rainforest

39.
Denman Arena
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Denman Arena was an indoor arena located in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia. The arena was located at 1805 West Georgia Street at the northwest corner with Denman Street and it opened in December 1911 and was destroyed by fire in 1936. Its primary use was for ice sports such as ice hockey and it was the home ice rink of the Vancouver Millionaires professional ice hockey team, and was the location of several Stanley Cup championships. The arena was used for other sports, musical performances. It was a point for Canadian servicemen during World War I. The 10,500 seat arena was the largest in Canada at the time, in January 1911, Joe Patrick sold his Nelson, British Columbia lumber business for $440,000. The Patrick family moved to Victoria and the decision was made to use the proceeds of the sale to go into the business of professional ice hockey. The family built the Denman Arena to support the new Pacific Coast Hockey Association professional ice hockey league, to be run by Joes sons Frank and Lester Patrick. Both Frank and Lester were professional ice hockey players and had played in the National Hockey Association, simultaneously, the Patricks also built the 4000-seat Patrick Arena in Victoria. To build the Vancouver arena, the Patricks bought a parcel of land consisting of thirteen lots from the edge of Coal Harbour to Georgia Street, bounded by Denman. The location was near Stanley Park to the west, and was connected to the business district by a streetcar line along Georgia Street. The site was previously the location of the Kanaka Ranch, which was settled in the 1860s by Hawaiian families, who grew fruit and vegetables, to finance the construction of the Arena, the Patricks formed the Vancouver Arena Company Limited, capitalized at $200,000. The company was divided into 1000 preferred shares and 1000 common shares, the company issued an initial share offering, but by September 1911, the offering had only raised $1400. Two more investors signed on, but it was up to the Paticks to take the rest, the Denman Arena opened on December 20,1911, attracting 1500 people for a session of public ice skating. The Arena was built at a cost of $226,382, in 1927, the Patricks built the 2,500 seat Denman Auditorium next to the Arena. The Auditorium, which was multi-purpose, survived the fire of 1936 and was renovated in 1952 and it re-opened on September 10,1952 as the Georgia Auditorium concert hall. It only lasted seven years before it was demolished in 1959, the Arena was the permanent home of the professional Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association. The Arena was also the home of the New Westminster Royals from 1911 until 1914, the Patricks had hoped to set up teams in Calgary and Edmonton in the PCHA for the opening season, but the plans fell through