Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif delivered an unusually strong condemnation of the Afghan Taliban on a visit to Kabul, signaling a continued rapprochement between the two countries.

Mr. Sharif’s visit to Kabul on Tuesday—his first since Afghan President Ashraf Ghani came to office in September—underscored Islamabad’s readiness to do business with the government in Kabul. Mr. Sharif was accompanied by Pakistan’s top military and intelligence officials: army chief Gen. Raheel Sharif and Lt. Gen. Rizwan Akhtar, the director...