01802cam a22002537 4500001000700000003000500007005001700012008004100029100002400070245010600094260006600200490004200266500001900308520054800327530006100875538007200936538003601008690020501044690010501249710004201354830007701396856003801473856003701511w11750NBER20161209090752.0161209s2005 mau||||fs|||| 000 0 eng d1 aBlanchard, Olivier.10aEuropean Unemploymenth[electronic resource]:bThe Evolution of Facts and Ideas /cOlivier Blanchard. aCambridge, Mass.bNational Bureau of Economic Researchc2005.1 aNBER working paper seriesvno. w11750 aNovember 2005.3 aIn the 1970s, European unemployment started increasing. It increased further in the 1980s, to reach a plateau in the 1990s. It is still high today, although the average unemployment rate hides a high degree of heterogeneity across countries. The focus of researchers and policy makers was initially on the role of shocks. As unemployment remained high, the focus has progressively shifted to institutions. This paper reviews the interaction of facts and theories, and gives a tentative assessment of what we know and what we still do not know. aHardcopy version available to institutional subscribers. aSystem requirements: Adobe [Acrobat] Reader required for PDF files. aMode of access: World Wide Web. 7aE24 - Employment • Unemployment • Wages • Intergenerational Income Distribution • Aggregate Human Capital • Aggregate Labor Productivity2Journal of Economic Literature class. 7aJ6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers2Journal of Economic Literature class.2 aNational Bureau of Economic Research. 0aWorking Paper Series (National Bureau of Economic Research)vno. w11750.4 uhttp://www.nber.org/papers/w1175041uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11750