Cold induced pain was recorded at baseline (prior to treatment), every two minutes during immersion (beginning with 1 min), immediately following foot removal (10, 15 and 20 min), and directly following each monofilament reading (1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 min post-treatment).

Water bath and skin temperature were recorded every min (baseline to 11 min post-immersion). ANOVA's and Tukey-Kramer multiple range tests were used to determine significance.

Results: Water bath temperature was held constant at 1 C. Loss of sensation was greater following 20 min of immersion than 10 min of immersion at all post-immersion measurement times. The greatest loss of sensation was at 1.5 min following the 20 min immersion.

Pain peaked at 1 min immersion and declined sharply until 9 min after immersion. Post-immersion pain was significantly greater following 20 min of immersion than 10 or 15 min of immersion.

Skin temperature did not differ among conditions at baseline or during immersion.

Conclusions: Our research supports clinical recommentdations of 12-20 min initial immersion during cryokinetics. There was on difference in water or skin temperature between groups; therefore, the increased magnitude and duration of numbness following 20 min immersion was due to the increased length of immersion. Prolonged immersion past the point of perceived numbness may be beneficial.