In Vitro Propagation, Direct Regeneration And Acclimatization of Solanumvillosum (L.) Mill.: A Promising Medicinal Plant That Grows Wild In Jordan

Abstract

Hairy nightshade Solanum villosum (L.) Mill. is a promising medicinal plant that grows wild as a weed in Jordan. Tissue culture approach was utilized for micropropagation and acclimatization of this plant to insure its stable availability for phytoindustry and research. In vitro shoot multiplication was examined by exposing the nodal segments to 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 6-(gamma,gamma-Dimethylallylamino) purine (2ip), 6-Furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) or Thidiazuron (TDZ) at levels of (0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/L) plus 0.1 mg/L α- naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Meanwhile, different rates (0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg/L) of Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and NAA were added to the media to enhance microshoots rooting. Moreover, direct regeneration was experimented by exposing the leaf discs to various hormone combinations under light conditions. The results revealed that a satisfactory shoot multiplication was obtained when either TDZ or BA was added to the MS media, and the maximum number of the new shoots per explant (more than 30 shoot/ explant) was recorded in nodal segments treated with (1.5 mg/L) TDZ with an average height of (2.0 cm). Best rooting (12 roots/ explant) with average root length of (2.39cm) was obtained in microshoots cultured on (1.5 mg/L) IBA. Also, direct shoot regeneration was obtained only in hormone combinations that consisted of BA and NAA, while best shoot regeneration rate (85%) and shoot number (6.9 shoot/ leaf disc) were recorded in leaf discs treated with (0.5 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA). Moreover, all potted plantlets were successfully acclimatized, and (100%) survival rate was recorded in all plants one month after being transplanted to greenhouse conditions.
Abbreviations: BA – 6-benzylaminopurine; IBA- Indole-3-butyric acid ; IAA- Indole-3-acetic acid ; 2iP - 6-(gamma,gamma-Dimethylallylamino) purine; kinetin - 6-Furfurylaminopurine; NAA – α- naphthaleneacetic acid; TDZ – Thidiazuron.