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Abstract:

The present invention relates to a fire extinguishing composition
generating fire extinguishing substance through high-temperature
decomposition; the fire extinguishing composition includes a fire
extinguishing material which can be decomposed to release substance with
fire extinguishing properties during the heating process; the content of
the fire extinguishing material is at least 80 wt %; a pyrotechnic agent
is adopted as a heat source and a power source in a process of fire
extinguishing; and the purpose of fire extinguishing is achieved by:
igniting the pyrotechnic agent, generating a large quantity of fire
substance from the fire extinguishing composition in the use of high
temperature produced by burning pyrotechnic agent, and the fire substance
sprays out together with the pyrotechnic agent. Compared with the
traditional aerosol fire extinguishing systems, the gas fire
extinguishing systems and the water type extinguishing systems, the
present invention provides a more efficient and safer fire extinguishing
composition.

Claims:

1. A fire extinguishing composition, which generates fire extinguishing
substance by high-temperature decomposition, wherein the fire
extinguishing composition includes a fire extinguishing material which
can be decomposed to release a substance with fire extinguishing
properties during the heating process; the content of the fire
extinguishing material is at least 80 wt %; a pyrotechnic agent is
adopted as a heat source and a power source in a process of fire
extinguishing; and the purpose of fire extinguishing is achieved by:
igniting the pyrotechnic agent, generating a large quantity of fire
substance from the fire extinguishing composition in the use of high
temperature produced by burning pyrotechnic agent, and the fire substance
sprays out together with the pyrotechnic agent.

2. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein: the
fire extinguishing material is a composition which has a melting point of
more than 100 degrees centigrade, and can be decomposed into fire
extinguishing substance.

3. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein: the
pyrotechnic agent is a pyrotechnic aerosol fire extinguishing agent.

4. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein: the
composition is a bromine-based fire extinguishing material, a
chlorine-based fire extinguishing material, an organophosphorus-based
fire extinguishing material, a phosphorus-halogen based fire
extinguishing material, a nitrogen-based and phosphorus-nitrogen based
fire extinguishing material or an inorganic fire extinguishing material.

15. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein: the
fire extinguishing composition is implemented with the surface coating
treatment.

Description:

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to the fire-fighting field, relating
to a use of a fire extinguishing composition and a chemical fire
extinguishing substance, and in particular to a fire extinguishing
composition which can generate fire extinguishing substance through
high-temperature decomposition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Since the specific objectives of replacing the Halon fire
extinguishing agent were proposed to each country by The Canada Montreal
Convention in 1987, all the countries of the world were dedicated to the
research of new fire extinguishing technologies; people have made great
efforts in order to find a fire extinguishing technology which has high
fire extinguishing efficiency and no environment pollution.

[0003] The gas fire extinguishing systems, the powder fire extinguishing
systems, the water type fire extinguishing systems and the like, which
are environmentally friendly, are widely used as the substitutes of the
Halon fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing mechanism of an
inert gas fire extinguishing system, such as carbon dioxide, IG541 and
the like, is mainly based on physical extinguishing, namely, smothering
extinguishing by reducing the oxygen concentration in a fire area, such
fire extinguishing method will easily threaten the safety of the
individuals. The powder fire extinguishing system implements fire
extinguishing via the process in which the sprayed powder contacts with
the flame under the force of pressurized gas to generate the physical and
chemical inhibition effect; the water spraying fire extinguishing system
achieves the purpose of controlling the fire, inhibiting the fire and
extinguishing the fire under triple roles of cooling, smothering and
isolating thermal radiation of the water mist.

[0004] However, these fire extinguishing systems need to be stored under
high pressure, not only causes larger volume, but also have the risks of
physical explosion during storage process; the document "The Security
Analysis of Gas Fire extinguishing System" (Fire Science and Technology
2002 21(5)) analyzes the risks of the gas fire extinguishing system, and
enumerates the safety accidents caused by the storage pressure gas fire
extinguishing system when in use.

[0005] In recent years, people have been researching the fire
extinguishing substances which can replace Halon, wherein the Next
Generation Fire Extinguishing Technology Project Group (NGP) of the
Building and Fire Research Centre of the U.S. National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) did a large number of experimental
researches in the aspect of finding new fire extinguishing substances,
the process includes: heating nitrogen, carbon dioxide and CF3H gas, and
then using the heated high-temperature gas to heat the test substances;
the test substances are then decomposed under high temperature, which
acts on the flame together with the gas; Through the experiments, people
find that the products generated by heating and decomposing some test
substances can obviously improve the fire-extinguishing effect of the
nitrogen, carbon dioxide and CF3H gas (Halon Options Technical
Working Conference, April 2001, Albuquerque, NM, Suppression of
cup-burner diffusion flames by super-effective chemical inhibitors and
inert compounds; Combustion and Flame 129:221-238(2002) Inhibition of
Premixed Methane Flame by Manganese and Tin Compounds, Halon Options
Technical Working Conference May 2000, flame inhibition by ferrocene,
alone and with CO2 and CF3H).

[0006] However, the researches of the project group stopped after the
laboratory theoretical research, without practically applying the
research findings in fire extinguishers.

[0007] The existing aerosol fire extinguishing agent mainly includes the S
type and K type fire extinguishing agents, by comprehensively analyzing
the performance characteristics, the disadvantages are mainly as follows:
all the aerosol fire extinguishing agents use the fire extinguishing
agents to generate an oxidation-reduction reaction, which releases a
large number of gas and active particles, finally to achieve the chemical
and physical combination fire-extinguishing purpose via the chain
scission reaction of the active particles and the coverage smothering of
the large number of gas. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent can release
a large amount of heat while releasing the aerosol during the combustion
reaction; in order to effectively lower the temperature of the device and
the aerosol, and to avoid a secondary fire, a cooling system needs to be
added, which causes complicated and heavy device structure, complicated
technical process and high cost; because of the existence of the cooling
system, a large number of active particles are inactivated, and the fire
extinguishing performance is greatly reduced.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] Aiming at the current situations of the existing fire extinguishing
devices, and in particular to the inherent defects of the aerosol fire
extinguishing systems, the purpose of this present invention is to
provide a fire extinguishing composition which needs no pressure storage,
and is safer, more environment friendly and efficient.

[0009] The fire extinguishing composition in the present invention,
namely, the fire extinguishing composition generating fire extinguishing
substance through high-temperature decomposition includes a fire
extinguishing material which is capable of generating fire extinguishing
substance through high-temperature decomposition, wherein the content
thereof is more than 80 wt %.

[0010] Besides including the fire extinguishing material which is used as
the main fire extinguishing material, and which can generate the fire
extinguishing substance through high-temperature decomposition, the fire
extinguishing composition in the present invention can also properly add
various additives which are commonly used in the fire-fighting field.

[0011] The fire extinguishing composition for generating fire
extinguishing substance through high-temperature decomposition in the
present invention can achieve the following effects at the same time:
first, the fire extinguishing composition capable of generating the fire
extinguishing substance via high temperature decomposition can be
decomposed to release the fire extinguishing substance at the moment of
heating, so as to fulfill the target of fire extinguishing via using the
physical or chemical inhibition effect, or the physical and chemical
synergistic inhibition effect of the fire extinguishing substances;
second, via the inhibition effect of the decomposition products, the fire
extinguishing effectiveness of the fire extinguishing agent is further
improved while reducing the after-combustion possibility of the fire
source; third, the fire extinguishing composition can do heat absorption
rapidly when decomposing under high-temperature heating, thus can
effectively and rapidly reduce the heat released by burning the
pyrotechnic agent, which greatly reduces the temperature of the nozzle of
the fire extinguishing device and the sprayed substances, thus the
complicated cooling system of the fire extinguishing device is not needed
any more, and the risks of generating a secondary fire are removed;
fourth, the fire extinguishing composition can be processed and molded
easily, and can be independently used or matched with the physical
coolant; fifth, the fire extinguishing composition has stable
performance, and is easy to be stored for a long time; sixth, the fire
extinguishing composition has low or no toxicity, is environment friendly
and has excellent performance.

[0012] The fire extinguishing composition generating fire extinguishing
substance through high-temperature decomposition in the present invention
is described below in details.

[0013] The fire extinguishing composition in the present invention
includes the fire extinguishing material generating the fire
extinguishing substance through high-temperature decomposition, of which
the content is more than 80 wt %.

[0014] The flame inhibition mechanism of the fire extinguishing
composition for generating fire extinguishing substance through
high-temperature decomposition is as follows:

[0015] The fire extinguishing composition can be decomposed to release the
fire extinguishing substance under high-temperature; the fire
extinguishing substance can have reactions with one or more of O, OH, H
free radicals which are necessary for the chain combustion reaction via
the free radicals, so as to cut off the chain combustion reaction; and
also can reduce the partial pressure of oxygen via physical effect to
inhibit the flames, or can simultaneously generate the physical and
chemical inhibition effect to together realize the fire extinguishing
effect; Meanwhile, it can generate synergistic interaction with the
pyrotechnic agent to further improve the fire extinguishing effectiveness
of the fire extinguishing agent, which greatly shorten the effective fire
extinguishing time.

[0018] The fire extinguishing composition in the present invention also
can add various additives as required, such as the stearate, graphite,
combination solution of water soluble polymer or the mixture thereof,
wherein the content of the additive is less than or equal to 20 wt %.

[0019] Each component of the fire extinguishing composition in the present
invention and the content thereof are preferably:

[0020] the fire extinguishing material: 80 wt % to 90 wt %,

[0021] the additive: 10 wt % to 20 wt %.

[0022] The fire extinguishing composition in the present invention can be
molded to be spherical, flake-like, strip-like, block-like and cellular
shapes by using the techniques of pelleting, mould pressing, extruding
and the like, and can be processed with surface coating treatment.
Hydroxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose is preferably added as
the surface coating agent when implementing the surface coating
treatment. The surface coating agent can improve the surface finish of
the composition system, improve the intensity, abrasion resistance and
shock resistance thereof, and prevent the accidents such as the
fire-extinguishing composition is pulverized, has dropped dregs, and
overflows from the fire extinguishing device during the transportation
process.

[0023] The fire extinguishing composition in the present invention is
described more specifically below via the embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] Respectively adding 30 g of the fire extinguishing composition
prepared by the fire extinguishing material and the additives described
in the following table into the fire extinguishing device which has
already been filled with 20 g of the K type thermal aerosol generating
agent, and respectively implementing fire extinguishing tests for a
distributing fire in a 1.0 m3 test box; respectively testing 3
rounds for each group of samples, recording the fire extinguishing
quantity and the residual quantity; the test result is as shown in Table
1.

[0025] The comparison embodiments are that: implementing fire
extinguishing tests for a distributing fire utilizing the fire
extinguishing device samples which are only respectively filled with 20 g
commercial and normal S type aerosol fire extinguishing agent or K type
aerosol fire extinguishing agent in the same 1.0 m3 test box,
respectively testing 3 rounds for each group of the samples, recording
the fire extinguishing quantity and the residual quantity, and the
experimental test result is as shown in Table 1.

[0026] The fire extinguishing performance in the above table is the least
fire extinguishing numbers of the three tests which are implemented, the
residual quantity is the average residual quantity of the three
experiments; from the test results in the above table, it can be seen
that the fire-extinguishing performances of the fire-extinguishing
compositions of the embodiments 1-9 in the present invention are all
superior to the comparison embodiments 1 and 2 when implementing the fire
extinguishing test for a distributing fire in the 1.0 m3 test box,
and the residual quantities are all smaller than the comparison
embodiments 1 and 2.

[0027] The experimental method is based on the concentration distribution
test method of 7.13 in GA 499-2004, the fire-extinguishing test is
implemented in the 1 m3 test box; five steel-made test tanks are
placed in the test box; four fuel tanks are respectively placed in four
corners of the experimental spaces, which are staggered up and down in
pairs; in addition, a fuel tank is put at the bottom of the experimental
space behind the baffle plate. N-heptane is filled in the fuel tank, and
the bottom of the tank uses clear water as a cushion layer.

[0028] The above specific embodiments are only examples; under the above
instructions of the present invention, those skilled in the art can
implement various improvements and deformations on the basis of the above
embodiments; and all the improvements or deformations shall fall within
the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art
should know that, the above specific descriptions are only used for
explaining the purposes of the present invention, without limiting the
present invention.