4th Cir.: Exclusionary rule applies only after egregious conduct

In civil deportation proceedings, the exclusionary rule’s predicate of “egregious” – not merely unreasonable – Fourth Amendment violations by federal officers also applies to conduct by state and local officers.
Background
In 2009, Maryland Transportation Authority Police Officer Acker stopped Jose Badillo for a traffic violation. Noting that the car, a Nissan, had exposed wiring and lacked ...