Searching by the different groups of selection ('by recipient', 'by objective', 'by sector' or 'by category') should help you to easily identify the tools you need to achieve your green economy transition.

The different groups have been further combined into 4 different selection streams to allow you to narrow down the number of tools you may be looking for to just a few of them.

Starting your selection from 'by recipient' you will be able to continue your selection 'by objective' and then 'by category'.

If you choose to start from 'by objective' you will be able to continue your selection 'by sector' and then 'by category'.

Starting from 'by sector' will give you the possibility to further narrow down your selection 'by recipient' and then 'by category'.

Finally, should you choose to start your selection from 'by category' you will be able to choose further 'by topic of the category'.

PLEASE MAKE A SELECTION!

Innovation is widely recognized as a main driver for sustainable economic growth and for addressing environmental and social challenges. In this context, this guide provides practical advice on the different sources of finance available to innovative companies in the early stages of their development, including for companies innovating for increasing environmental protection, resources efficiency or access and affordability to socially-crucial services. The guide presents the various policy options and instruments that can be deployed by the public sector to increase the supply of potentially successful innovative companies and to mobilise private financing to support the development of these companies. In addition, it discusses different good practices and institutions that increase the effectiveness of the activities of the various agents, both private and public, involved in the financing of innovative enterprises.

This is excellent self-guided learning software for policy makers, entrepreneurs and financiers on financing for innovation including innovations in the area of environmental protection or resources efficiency. It consists of six modules with review questions on the nature and financing of innovative enterprises; from ideas to start-ups: the role of public initiatives; business angels and early-stage financing; early-stage growth: venture capital and other financial intermediaries; financial development and public financial markets; and design, implementation and evaluation of early-stage financing policies: an integrated approach.

This document provides principles and policy recommendations on the financing and development of clean technologies. It discusses policy efforts by national governments to coordinate initiatives across many different areas, involving multiple actors over a sustained period of time, including defining the regulatory and policy framework that drives change, and designing and funding arrangements to overcome the market failures that hamper progress.

UNFC improves communication at the global, national, regional and company level on all extractive activities, covering solid mineral and fossil energy resources, through the increased availability of relevant and reliable information thereon hence facilitating sustainable development. The potential application of UNFC to renewable energy resources will permit for the first time, a direct comparison of the benefits of renewable energy projects with non-renewable energy projects so allowing for a better understanding and view of the optimal energy mix for sustainable development. UNFC has an emphasis on projects and their social and environmental impacts, which will allow increased transparency with and understanding by the public and NGOs on the true effect of energy resource development. UNFC also directly addresses the Sustainable Energy for All goal of reducing gas flaring by explicitly categorizing it (reduction of gas flaring will lead to improved resource efficiency and reduced GHG emissions which will protect the environment). Application of UNFC will facilitate mobilization of needed financial capital, technology, and human resources to develop solid mineral and fossil energy resources optimally. Efficient use and development of these resources will both enhance their contribution to development and reduce their cost (aiding affordability of resources).

Business Development Course and guidelines for preparation of EE project proposals for submission to financial institutions are an effective way to increase the rate of successful implementation of EE projects.
The course informs how to take into account technical, economic and institutional aspects into careful planning of a complex EE investment project. It also provides information on the requirements of banks, investment funds and other financial institutions for the project documents that need to be developed and presented by a developer for his project to be considered bankable and to increase its chances to obtain financing.

Coal has been an important source of global primary energy production for the past two centuries, and the world will continue to depend on coal as an energy source for the foreseeable future. Methane (CH4) released during coal mining creates unsafe working conditions in many underground mines around the world, with human fatalities as unacceptable consequence of many methane-related accidents. Effective gas management is not limited to safety concerns, however. Methane vented to the atmosphere, especially from drainage systems, is an energy resource lost forever but also forces climate change. Although respected technical literature on methane management is widely available for the mining professionals, a single source of informative and accessible guidance for senior managers did not previously exist. The Best Practice Guidance on Effective Methane Drainage and Use in Coal Mines is intended to fill this crucial void and assist in producing the energy from coal in a more sustainable way thus contributing to progressing towards green economy.

The Regional Analysis for Policy Reforms to Promote Energy Efficiency (EE) and Renewable Energy (RE) Investments is a wide-ranging regional assessment, which includes Overview of the Energy Sector and Policy Framework; Barriers to Investments in EE and RE Projects; 12 Case Studies; and Recommendations for Policy Reforms at the Regional and Country Level. The main goal of the analysis is to provide recommendations addressed to the policymakers of the participating countries in order to develop and implement policy reforms that will support market formation and foster a favourable climate for investments in the sectors of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources.

Financing Global Climate Change Mitigation relies on substantial contributions from all five RCs and includes: a) a wide-ranging review of 22 selected EE financing mechanisms from countries and institutions in all regions of the world; b) an assessment of the relevance of the carbon market for EE financing; c) a discussion of the purposes and sources of capacity building and technical assistance for EE financing; d) a collection of existing EE programmes, sources of financing and national legislative frameworks; e) five overviews of the energy situation and climate for EE investment in each region provided by the respective RC.

The active engagement of civil society, both in the formulation
on policies and in their implementation, is a prerequisite for a meaningful progress towards sustainability and green economy. This implementation guide helps authorities set legislative framework, norms and standards aimed at promoting participatory governance as defined under the UNECE Aarhus Convention. The Guide describes the Convention's main obligations and options for implementation; analyses each provision of the Convention and gives understanding both of the fixed obligations and the obligations that allow some flexibility. It also highlights the options for implementation as each case is supplemented by case studies.

Discussions on GMOs in the context of the green economy need greater transparency and public participation in decision-making. This document can be used both for setting the norms and standards on participatory governance, as well for education and development purposes on participatory governance in relation to GMOs. The Guidelines have several objectives, mainly: to facilitate and give guidance to the practical application of the provisions of the UNECE Aarhus Convention relevant to GMOs; to provide guidance to Parties on the operation and where appropriate on the further development of national legal frameworks and on practices; to encourage the development of a common approach to access to information, public participation and access to justice with respect to GMOs; as well as to promote and facilitate public awareness, education and participation in decision-making on activities involving GMOs.

Environmental issues, including transitioning to the green economy, are best handled with the participation of all concerned citizens, at all levels. These Guidelines help to promote the application of the principles of the UNECE Aarhus Convention in international forums in matters relating to the environment, including green economy. In particular guidelines are intended to be used in the context of the development, modification and application of relevant rules and practices applied within international forums; and the treatment of relevant substantive issues within those forums.

In the process of transitioning to the green economy it is critical that environmental information available to the public is transparent and effectively accessible. These Recommendations help to set standards on more effective use of electronic information tools in order to provide public access to environmental information. The tool serves as a guidance instrument on general policy directions, on priority categories of information, on institutional development and capacity-building, as well as on online clearing-house mechanism.

Mobilization and empowerment of stakeholders through inclusive decision-making on environmental matters is crucial for setting the green economy framework. These Recommendations serve as a practical and user-friendly tool to improve the implementation of the UNECE Aarhus Convention's provisions on public participation in decision-making. The Recommendations both assist countries when designing their legal framework on public participation in environmental decision-making under the Convention; and assist public officials on a day-to-day basis when designing and carrying out public participation procedures on environmental decision-making under the Convention. In addition, the Recommendations may be of value to NGOs and international forums involved in decision-making in environmental matters.

Goal of the Aarhus Clearinghouse is to support the effective implementation of the UNECE Aarhus Convention through the collection, dissemination and exchange of information on laws and good practices relevant to the publics right to access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters. These three pillars are critical for ensuring the sustainability of the transition to the green economy. The tool also contains information relevant to the implementation of principle 10 of the Rio Declaration at the global, regional and national levels around the world and facilitates access to national implementing legislation and practices.

When making a shift towards green economy inclusive and transparent governance needs to be promoted on all levels from local to global. The Compendium is amassing case studies of good practice on promoting public participation on environmental matters in international forums (PPIF). The tool is intended to be a living resource and to be periodically updated to incorporate new case studies of good practice. The compendium compiles case studies of good practices in promoting PPIF at the national level; at international level; as well as at assessing the quality of PPIF.

This booklet can be used both as a guideline on measuring and assessing progress of pollutant release and transfers registers as well as a manual on promoting improve social inclusiveness in relation to reduction of pollution. In the context of green economy, public access to information on pollution tracking is critical as it helps to ensure better environmental performance by industry in particular. It thus contributes to making the industrial production more sustainable. The tool introduces the Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR Protocol) concept, describes main requirements of the Protocol and the activities being undertaken to promote its implementation.

This document assists authorities in setting the legislative framework for participatory governance as defined under the Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR Protocol). It also gives guidelines on measuring and assessing progress related to pollution prevention and can be also used as a manual to foster social inclusiveness. The main objective of this Guidance is to assist Parties to the PRTR Protocol interpret and fulfil their obligations. The document should also serve to promote understanding of this novel regulatory instrument and especially of the public's role in promoting better environmental performance through the study and use of PRTRs. In the context of green economy, this document can be used as a tool on how to foster greater sustainability by promoting efficient public governance in pollution prevention and reduction.

PRTR Global web Portal can be used when setting norms and standards on effective participatory governance, as well as a manual on measuring and assessing progress related to pollution prevention, both at heart of green economy. The Portal provides an online platform on Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) information and activities from countries and organisations around the world. The website aims to assist countries in the development, implementation and improvement of PRTR programmes. Information includes:
- Information about PRTRs developed by countries and regions
- The benefits of implementing a PRTR
- Information from other agencies and organisations about PRTRs
- Technical information about the development of a PRTR, the Release Estimation Techniques that can be used and the guidance manuals available
- PRTR data from a number of countries at the OECD Centre for PRTR data
- A series of Frequently Asked Questions about PRTRs
- Upcoming PRTR-related meetings and events

This guidance serves as a support to authorities and operators of industrial facilities in identifying and implementing best available techniques (BATs) for the facilities to reduce emissions of heavy metals: cadmium, lead and mercury into air. It specifies for industrial sectors, where available, the main emission sources, their specific control techniques and reduction efficiencies as well as the related costs. The guidance is helpful in taking efforts to decrease the impact of industrial facilities on ambient air quality, and in this context helps to make the industrial production more sustainable, what is at heart of green economy.

This guidance serves as a support to authorities and operators of industrial facilities in identifying and implementing best abatement options at the facilities, with particular reference to best available techniques (BATs), for emission prevention and reduction of sulphur, NOx, VOCs and particulate matter (including PM10, PM2.5 and Black Carbon). It also provides the performance assessment for the abatement options and techniques. The guidance is helpful in taking efforts to decrease the impact of industrial facilities on ambient air quality, and in this context helps to make the industrial production more sustainable, what is at heart of green economy.

The provision of an economic incentive to pollute less can, in principle, bring about a full internalization, at heart of green economy, of the health and environmental costs, leading to the optimal level of pollution control without requiring detailed specification of control measures. Emphasis in this guidance document is on the design, actual use in the ECE region and performance of four categories of economic instruments (tradable permits and quotas; emission and process taxes/charges; product charges and tax differentiation; subsidies and fiscal facilities) for the control of regional air pollution from emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fine particles.

Nitrogen budgets (NBs) respond to the needs of policy makers and national experts to coordinate activities assessing potentially adverse nitrogen flows in and to the environment. National and international regulations require the collection of relevant information about such flows or about the resulting environmental state. The present document provides guidance to build NBs with a focus to the national scale (NNBs). The NNBs will support validation of environmental nitrogen flows (by way of identifying inconsistencies) and guide the identification of intervention points to regulate environmental nitrogen emissions or releases and to optimize N use.

This guidance serves as a support to authorities and agricultural experts in identifying ammonia (NH3) control measures for reducing emissions from agriculture, as indicated in Annex IX of the UNECE Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone (Gothenburg protocol). The document summarizes the current knowledge of NH3 emission abatement techniques and strategies; the scientific and technical background of the techniques and strategies; the economic cost of the techniques, in terms of euro per kg of NH3 abated and any limitation and constraint with respect to the applicability of techniques. The guidance is helpful in taking efforts to decrease the impact of agriculture on ambient air quality, and in this context helps to green the agricultural sector.

The guidance serves as a support to authorities and operators of industrial facilities in identifying and implementing control options and best available techniques (BATs), for reducing emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from the facilities (major stationary sources) with a view to implementing the obligations of the Protocol on POPs. The document describes control techniques for reducing emissions of dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) as well as of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from major stationary sources. The techniques described may also be used for reducing other POPs. The guidance is helpful in taking efforts to decrease the impact of industrial facilities on ambient air quality, and in this context helps to make the industrial production more sustainable, what is at heart of green economy.

The EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook provides guidance on estimating emissions from both anthropogenic and natural emission sources. Access to high quality air pollutant emissions data is a key element in supporting sound policy-making, which is important in the context of transitioning to green economy. It helps to better shape and define environmental priorities in sectoral activities, improve air quality modelling, assess compliance with national and international targets and assess the effectiveness of sectoral policy interventions in protecting human health and the environment. In addition, the guidebook is designed to facilitate reporting of emission inventories by countries to the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and the EU National Emission Ceilings Directive. It is an essential tool allowing the compilation of comparable and consistent air pollutant emissions inventory data in Europe.

These guidelines serve as support to authorities in evaluating emission reduction strategies and facilitating the technical review of air pollutant emission inventories, which is important in the context of transitioning to green economy. They allow, through a common approach, for an effective assessment of compliance with emission obligations under the Convention on the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and its Protocols and facilitate the harmonization of emission reporting with reporting under other relevant multilateral environmental agreements and relevant European Community legislation.

The manual serves as a support to national authorities in establishing legal obligations and procedural steps for strategic environmental assessment (SEA) , i.e. systematic evaluation of the likely environmental and health effects of proposed economic development plans, programmes and other strategic actions - and for the integration of the findings into the decision-making. Lack of SEA procedures can be an obstacle in transitioning to green economy. The manual also provides material for training and capacity building for national and local authorities in applying SEA. It was primarily prepared to help implementing UNECE Protocol on SEA.

The manual is a short and concise version of the full Resource manual, serving as an introduction to the SEA and its practical application. See Resource Manual to Support Application of the Protocol on Strategic Environmental Assessment.

The guidance serves as a support to national authorities in establishing legal obligations and procedural steps for environmental impact assessment (EIA) including in transboundary context. Lack of EIA procedures can be an obstacle in transitioning to green economy.
The guidance also provides material for training and capacity-building for civil servants at national and local level in applying the EIA procedures. It was primarily developed to help the implementation of the requirements of the UNECE Espoo Convention to ensuring systematic and early assessment of adverse transboundary environmental impacts of economic activities, access to information and public participation, as well as better planning and more informed decision making

The benchmarks (also referred to as indicators and criteria) serve as a support to national authorities and, through them, to the private sector in establishing a national system for industrial safety management, important in the context of sustainable production. Such system helps to introduce norms to safeguard industrial operators from accidents that can be destructive to economic development of an industrial enterprise and jobs it created, but also to the environment (through air, water or soil pollution) as well as to workers' and inhabitants' health and life (including vulnerable groups). The indicators and criteria guide the user through the main components of industrial safety, with in addition the transboundary component.

The guidelines serve as a support to national, regional or local authorities and industrial operators in ensuring an adequate safety level at TMFs, among others, by understanding the risk posed by such facilities and taking measures to manage them. The guidelines are thus important in the context of sustainable production since accidents at TMFs, as the past has shown, can be lethal to human life and disastrous to the environment (pollution of soil and water). They can also affect jobs in different sectors of the economy (e.g. Baia Mare accident in Romania in 2000 affected jobs of fishermen and in tourism business) or be destructive to built capital (e.g. red mud accident in Hungary destroying houses). The guidelines take the form of set of recommendations separately for authorities and for operators.

The guidelines serve as a support to national, regional or local authorities and pipeline operators in ensuring safe transport of hazardous substances by pipeline. The guidelines are important in the context of sustainable production and consumption providing principles and recommendations on how hazardous substances can be delivered by pipeline to their users in a safe way, thus how to manage the pipeline to prevent accidents with consequences to human health and to the environment. The guidelines take the form of set of recommendations separately for authorities and for operators.

The checklists and guidelines serve as a support to inspection authorities in auditing safety reports and in inspecting industrial hazardous installations and to their operators in preparing the reports and managing safety at the installations. The documents promote establishing a safety culture to safeguard industrial operators from accidents that can be destructive to economic development of an industrial enterprise and jobs it created, but also to the environment as well as to workers' and inhabitants' health and life. They are thus important in the context of sustainable production. The checklists comprise a hierarchical system of sectoral and detailed checklists to support the preparation, auditing and inspection of safety reports for hazardous installations, as well as to verify that they are complete, correct and credible. The accompanying guidelines have been developed to provide detailed guidance and instructions on use of the checklist system.

This course is recommended for anyone wanting to learn more about industrial accidents and the different ways to prevent, prepare for and respond to them. It provides a basic, but comprehensive overview that will allow the understanding of the many problems of and of the many stakeholders involved in industrial safety. The course user is invited to take on the role of a government employee or policymaker, industrial owner or operator, a member of the public or an emergency responder. The user will recognize the value of a national programme for industrial accident prevention and preparedness. The course is therefore important in the context of sustainable production since industrial accidents, as the past has shown, can be lethal to human life, harm livelihoods and the economy and be disastrous for the environment.

The safety guidelines promote incident-free operation and aim at improving the understanding among the authorities and operators of the necessary safety standards to be applied at oil terminals. The guidelines are designed to prevent incidents and to limit accidental consequences for human health and the environment. The guidelines take the form of broad recommendations for authorities and detailed recommendations for operators covering hazard, crisis and aftercare management at oil terminals. The guidelines are important in the context of sustainable production and consumption providing principles and recommendations on how oil and its derivatives can be transported to their users in a safe way.

The Guidance provides advice, based on the concept of integrated water resources management, on how to assess impacts of climate change on water quantity and quality, how to perform risk assessment, including health risks, how to gauge vulnerability, and how to design and implement appropriate adaptation strategies. Such strategies should include increasing resource use, i.e. water efficiency, which is at heart of green economy. This linkage between adaptation and mitigation is addressed in the Guidance which is now being implemented through a global programme of pilot projects aiming to create positive examples demonstrating the benefits of and mechanisms for transboundary cooperation in adaptation planning and implementation.

The publication presents good practices and lessons learnt from throughout the pan-European region on the policies and measures to be enacted to provide equitable access to water and sanitation. It distinguishes three key dimensions of equitable access: geographical disparities; specific barriers faced by vulnerable and marginalized groups; and affordability concerns. It aims at supporting and encouraging policy and decision makers and other concerned actors to review, replicate or adapt existing approaches, and put in place additional measures to ensure equitable access to water and sanitation Such are important to consider when transitioning to green economy in order to make sure that the end result will be not only green but also inclusive economy.

The score card on equitable access is a self-evaluation tool to support countries in their efforts to monitor progress in achieving equitable access to water and sanitation, what can be seen among important goals of transitioning to inclusive green economy. The score card aims to help governments (and other stakeholders) to establish a baseline, track progress, and prompt discussions on actions to be taken in order to achieve equitable access to water and sanitation. It contributes to the definition of policies and practices to uphold the human rights to water and sanitation under the principle of progressive realization. The score card has been tested in 3 pilot projects and has proven useful in providing data to formulate further strategic plans and targeted measures.

The Guidelines are an important tool supporting the process of target setting in several areas related to water supply, sanitation and water management. The Guidelines seek to provide a strategic framework for the target-setting process. As targets need to be tailored to national needs and capacities from the health, environmental, social and economic points of view, the Guidelines provide an analytical and strategic basis to design and agree on the most appropriate targets and on the ways and means to achieve them. The process of target setting can potentially contribute to the green economy through adoption of economic indicators in targets related to coverage by level of performance of collective systems of water supply and sanitation, adoption of targets on energy efficiency of water and wastewater treatment plants, including through possible extraction of energy from wastewater and reuse of sewage sludge. The guidelines were primarily prepared to help the implementation of the UNECE Protocol on Water and Health.

The recommendations are an innovative policy instrument under the UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes: they indicate the measures to apply to integrate into sustainable development policies the value of services supplied by water-related ecosystems - such as forests and wetlands - as well as to provide compensation for such services, what is among goals of the green economy concept. The implementation of the recommendations is promoted through a programme of pilot projects.

Integrated water resources management (IWRM) is an important general framework to match supply and demand and promote an effective and green use of water. IWRM is promoted through the UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (UNECE Water Convention). The Guide to implementing the Convention aims to facilitate compliance with and implementation of the Convention. It offers a comprehensive commentary to the Convention's provisions, providing explanations of the procedural, legal, administrative, technical and practical aspects of the Convention's requirements for appropriate implementation. These explanations are coupled with illustrative examples of good practices.

The good practice collection is an excellent learning material on how to promote sustainable production and consumption, which is at heart of green economy transition, through education for sustainable development (ESD). The collection contains concrete examples from governments, international organisations, research institutes, academia and NGOs of successful implementation of ESD ranging from the political arena to the school setting and from formal to non-formal and informal learning.

The publication serves as a support to policy makers for establishing adequate competences of educators for education for sustainable development. It showcases a range of crucial competences. The publication is important in the context of the green economy transition because values, competences, knowledge and skills can be established through education for sustainable development that are necessary to put the green economy concept into practice.

The paper is an excellent learning document for policy makers on how to assist the transition to green economy through reorientation of education. It summarizes outcomes from panel discussions organised under the UNECE Strategy for Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and showcases that ESD has the ability to equip people with the values, competences, knowledge and skills that are necessary for them to put the green economy concept into practice.

The Guidelines serve as a support to national authorities in establishing or improving a system of environmental monitoring and reporting in accordance with internationally accepted practice. Such a system is essential to give the decision-makers the necessary overview of the impact of policies on environmental performance of the country and provides a basis for adequate and appropriate policy development. Its lack would be an obstacle for transitioning to green economy. The guidelines are therefore a recommended tool for application. They contain the most important issue and sectoral indicators for assessing the state of environment.

The Guidelines are an excellent learning material for authorities in charge of preparing environmental assessment reports so that such can provide a good basis for adequate and appropriate policy development on improving environmental performance. The guidelines help thus to build the indispensable skills of civil servants for managing the transition to green economy.

The Guidelines are an excellent learning material for authorities in charge of developing national strategies for air and water monitoring as an environmental policy tool. They also help to understand how to improve coordination of air and water quality monitoring programmes and how to modernize or upgrade monitoring networks. The guidelines help thus to build the indispensable skills of civil servants for managing the transition to green economy.

The document is an excellent overview material for policy makers to understand where the potentials could be found for securing the achievement of a green, inclusive and competitive economy. The document discusses market and non-market instruments to assist the transition to green economy. It shows possible ways for transitioning to green economy in sectors like agriculture, energy, housing and transport indicating solutions and policy mixes which can belong to low-hanging-fruits ones. It discusses how education can help achieving green economy. It further shows how research, innovation and investment can help the transition towards a green economy as well as how resource efficiency can improve sustainability and competitiveness in local, regional and global markets.

The document is an excellent overview material for policy makers to understand the role of sustainable water management in greening the economy. It discusses policies that proved effective to protect water-related ecosystems. It shows policy mixes, such as on integrated water resource management or pricing, for increasing water efficiency in different economic sectors, especially agriculture and industry but also by households. It also discusses how to encourage investments into the water and water-impacting infrastructure to address future water demands. It further shows how such investments can prove effective to the economic development of a country as well as to improving well-being of vulnerable groups.

The document is a concise overview material for policy makers to understand how to apply full-cost pricing and the innovative financing mechanisms to encourage investments into greening the infrastructure, which is at heart of green economy.

The document is a concise but excellent overview material for policy makers to understand on what it takes to secure the transition to green economy. It shows what could be the potential policy priority actions to green the economy in the pan-European countries. The document is based on the key findings from the discussion related to the green economy at the Astana Environment for Europe Ministerial Conference (2011).

The complex concept of sustainable development (and related green economy) bringing together the many strands of economic, human, social and environmental policies into the single objective to continually improve the quality of life and well-being of the present and future generations is challenging to measure. The report offers and explains a capital approach framework to measuring sustainable development.

Further to the capital approach framework for measuring sustainable development suggested in Part I of the report, this Part II discusses the distributional aspects within current generations, including also the international dimension by highlighting how a country in its pursuit for well-being of its citizens may affect the well-being of the citizens of other countries. The report provides an overview of the measurement issues and further advances them. It also provides examples of sustainable development indicators based on a thorough screening of existing datasets on sustainable development, focusing on the commonalities in the various approaches. The report offers thus a comprehensive approach to measuring sustainable development and the related transition to green economy.

Globalization is a growing phenomenon that affects the compilation of familiar national accounts indicators and related source statistics. If not adequately addressed it can lead to incorrect assessment of economic activities, especially related to resource use, and to inappropriate policy development. This Guide offers therefore comprehensive guidance for both producers of economic statistics and those who use the data for policy analysis and development to properly address globalisation effects when measuring economic activities. The Guide gives practical help to its users by accordingly
- reviewing the many ways in which globalization affects measures of economic activity
- highlighting areas that increasingly need attention and resources to maintain the quality of national accounts and related statistics
- examining the behaviour of multinational enterprises and how this may affect the compilation of national statistics, and
- including examples showing how countries have responded to statistical challenges brought by globalization

The manual aims to guide statistical organizations in the production and use of gender statistics. It represents a consolidated reference for any organization or individual interested in producing information about gender differences, guides producers of gender statistics and assists in improving the availability of high-quality information on women and men.

This Action Plan describes how the forest sector in the UNECE region could lead the way towards the emerging green economy at the global level. It identifies an overall vision, strategies and a number of areas of activity. For each area of activity, it proposes specific actions, and identifies potential actors, who might contribute to achieving the stated objectives. It is not a binding work plan, nor does it contain prescriptive recommendations to Governments, international organisations or stakeholders, who are free to participate in the Action Plan as they wish.

This document is intended to provide guidance for sustainable mobilisation of wood in Europe. The guidance will refer to good practice examples of successful and sustainable mobilisation of wood, to assist policy-makers and practitioners alike in taking and supporting similar measures.

This policy brief gives an overview of different stakeholders' views on the opportunities and risks that are linked to the development of wood energy, and provides principles and recommendations for policy makers.

The intention of the outlook studies is to help policy makers and other actors to make well-informed choices, by providing them with objective analysis. Allowing policy makers to see the possible consequences of their choices, presented in a structured and objective way, should help them to make more informed, and presumably better, decisions.

The intention of the outlook studies is to help policy makers and other actors to make well-informed choices, by providing them with objective analysis. Allowing policy makers to see the possible consequences of their choices, presented in a structured and objective way, should help them to make more informed, and presumably better, decisions.

The Recommendations are aimed to ensure that regulatory policies are proportionate to the risks which confront citizens and communities, including risks related to climate change and the depletion of natural resources.

The Recommendations are aimed to ensure that in managing crisis - that have their origin in natural or man-made disasters - authorities can access sufficient resources and prior planning so as to avoid further environmental degradation, and ensure prompt recovery of economic activities

As regulations become more stringent, authorities need to have the capacity to check that goods, services and production processes are compliant and to remove from the market of member states goods that do not conform to regulations in place. This is of key importance to protect consumers and the environment as well as to protect compliant businesses from rogue producers.

The Recommendations are aimed to ensure that students are familiar with standards and relevant technical regulations that contain the blueprint for products, services and production processes that are needed to support the transition to a greener economy

The goal of this publication is to provide insights to guide policymakers in the design of regulatory systems that result in an efficient, effective and transparent management of risks, including risks related to climate change and the depletion of natural resources.

This Action Plan provides a framework for the member States of the region to raise energy efficiency in the housing sector and thus enable them to more effectively address environmental and economic challenges and meet social needs. The Action Plan lists a range of measures aimed at removing barriers to energy efficiency and progressively moving towards a low-energy and ultimately zero-energy and carbon neutral housing sector.

This report outlines a range of systemic interrelated measures for a progressive transformation towards low-energy, low-carbon, highly resilient and ultimately climate neutral cities. Its recommendations fall under four main headings, with coordination through a well-managed city level framework being perhaps the most essential ingredient for success.

Green Homes illustrates the multiple environmental, economic and social benefits arising from a transition towards energy-efficient housing. It outlines the required institutional changes and provides some basic principles for successful policies. For a world aiming towards a balanced and inclusive green economy for sustainable development, Green Homes is more relevant than ever today.

The Policy Framework provides guidelines for the development of a robust real estate sector; it also includes guidelines which can help promote green real estate markets and for developing inclusive social housing.
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The Guidelines on Social Housing are designed to enable policymakers to assess the various policy options that are currently available for the provision of social housing. The Guidelines address the institutional, legal and economic frameworks for social housing and experience with social housing design.

This study on spatial planning is an overview document that draws the attention of policymakers to the importance of spatial planning. It also aims at raising awareness of the importance of increased community involvement and social cohesion as well as of the role of all parties concerned in territorial development in the implementation of housing and related policies and in environmental protection.
The study puts emphasis on the need to establish a shared vision and consistent direction for spatial development based on the efficient use of resources, good governance, public-private partnerships, and effective decision-making with regard to investments.

This study shows that transport affects social, economic and environmental sustainability. Transport links markets and individuals, making regions more competitive and promotes individuals' social and economic development. The transport system provides an individual with access to basic social services, such as health, food, education, employment and recreational activities. This requires that transport system is safe to ensure that human health is not at risk. Environmental sustainability is affected negatively by transport through the consumption of non-renewable energy, the emissions of harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases, through the generation of waste and by a reduction of natural habitat.

This publication lays down that technology has been fundamental to transport throughout human history, but recent rapid advances in information technology promise to transform transport management in ways that would have been inconceivable until recently. Just as information and communication technologies are crucial for sustainable development, so can their use accelerate the greening of transportation. Such a transformation is essential. In Europe, almost 20 per cent of gross domestic product is generated by the transport sector. This equates to billions of euros and millions of jobs. Our collective challenge is to improve road safety, reduce the congestion of transport networks, and minimize the negative environmental impact of transport. By minimizing traffic congestion and making public transport more attractive, we can significantly reduce transport-generated pollution -- including CO2 emissions -- and stimulate sustainable economic growth. We can help emerging economies to leap-frog an outmoded development model and integrate more sustainably into the global economy. The answer lies in Intelligent Transport Systems -- options that include real-time travel information services, new-generation systems for infrastructure charging and sophisticated management models across all transport modes.

The main objective of this project is to enhance planning towards sustainable transport policies and international cooperation. Its achievement is expected to result from capacity building initiatives organized for policy makers and training activities for technical experts, leveraging on the development of a modelling tool capable to assist users in the selection of the most appropriate and effective policy measures to reduce CO2 emissions in the inland transport sector. ForFITS is being developed as a software tool allowing for the estimation of emissions in transport and the evaluation of transport policies for CO2 mitigation at the regional, national and/or local level. The tool will be freely available for all UN Member States.

The Transport, Health and Environment Pan-European Programme (THE PEP) addresses key challenges to achieve sustainable transport patterns. It encourages governments, at national and local levels, to pursue an integrated approach to policymaking and to put sustainable mobility at the top of the international agenda.

This study shows that Inland water transport is, on many European transport corridors, a competitive alternative to road and rail transport, offering an economical, sustainable and environment friendly mode of transport. However, in most UNECE countries it is still largely under-used and its development calls for a pro-active policy by Governments and international bodies. The UNECE White Paper on Efficient and Sustainable Inland Water Transport in Europe describes the current stage of inland water transport development in Europe and beyond, presents the existing legal and institutional framework for inland navigation and puts forward policy recommendations for international cooperation on developing this mode of transport in an efficient and sustainable manner.

This 360 degree angle on Road safety impressively shows the connection of road safety to the quality of life, the economic and social dimension of transport and mobility around the world. It gives a comprehensive overview of existing UN legislation, best practice and capacity building. In addition to tremendous human victims and suffering, road crashes are estimated to cost
society some $500 billion a year worldwide. Given that many of
these negative consequences are avoidable, it is imperative that there is a universally shared commitment to efficient, safe and adequate regulations for the construction of roads, manufacturing of vehicles, governance of road traffic, and education of drivers.

Climate change is at the top of UN priorities and has become a challenge for many organizations dealing with climate change mitigation and adaptation. There is also common agreement about the need to increase the capacity of countries in dealing with this challenge. For UNECE the focus is on linking and mainstreaming its work to other international agendas, and concentrate on key areas which can produce results, such as the Millennium Development goals, the Kyoto Protocol, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC). UNECE is doing this through innovative vehicle technologies, policies on biofuels, application of Intelligent Transport systems for better infrastructure and intermodal transport operations, consumer Information and legal instruments.

This inter-agency report provides a cross-cutting analysis of regional challenges in sustainable and inclusive development and outlines policy strategies to address these issues. The concepts of resource depletion and environmental degradation, poverty and inequality underpin the report. The publication provides an overview of economic, social, regulatory and legislative instruments. In its thematic chapters, the issues of sustainable production and consumption, labour, health and governance are reviewed more in-depth.

The publication provides examples of strategies and policies to promote gender equality and empower women in support of sustainable development. The key action areas include: access to resources, equality in the workplace, entrepreneurship development, decision-making power, and the reconciliation of work and family responsibilities. The documents particularly reflects discussions, programmes and measures in East Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia on womens entrepreneurship development.

This discussion paper reviews the concepts of women's empowerment for sustainable development and suggests action in four areas: Firstly, prevailing gender gaps where women continue to be at a disadvantage need to be identified and recognized. Secondly, on the basis of this evidence-based analysis, key steps to create a safe, just and enabling environment should be undertaken through both targeted policies and gender mainstreaming. Thirdly, to contribute to sustainable development, women need to be agents of change, and therefore building their skills and capacities is crucial. Finally, womens full and equal participation in decision-making is essential.