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The Hoosier state ranks at the bottom in citizen participation in elections.

This month, a mere 28 percent of the state's voting-eligible population — a measure of people who could vote, regardless of their registration status — voted, according to early projections by the United States Election Project, based at the University of Florida. Those calculations put Indiana dead last in America in turnout.

The Indiana voting system deserves most of the blame. It is true that the pathetic turnout for the 2014 election can partly be attributed to the low-profile offices at stake. Once every 12 years, the ballot features no races for president, U.S. Senate or governor. That was the case on Nov. 4. But a smaller percentage of Hoosiers cast ballots election after election, compared to residents of other states, including 2008 when Indiana turnouts peaked.

Instead of being a calendar quirk, the small slice of participants this year illuminates a larger, systemic problem. Actually, it is a bundle of problems. The voter photo ID law lurks near the core of that bundle. Statehouse Republicans enacted the ID requirement in 2005. Their publicly stated reason was to prevent voter fraud.

That sounds noble, but no such problem existed here or in any of the other states with Republican-led legislatures that caught onto the idea. It was a politically ingenious tactic. Pretending to eradicate fraud, the ID laws in reality made it harder for two Democratic-leaning segments of the population, the poor and elderly, to vote. Voter ID laws, on average, decrease turnouts by 4 to 5 percentage points, according to Michael McDonald, the University of Florida political scientist overseeing the Elections Project.

Indiana also maintains a 1913-era registration deadline. Voters must be registered a month before the election, well before most people pay attention to the campaigns. In light of 21st-century technology and the voter ID law itself, the 29-days-before deadline makes no sense. State officials point proudly to Indiana's long early voting period, but it begins, coincidentally, 29 days before the election.

If other Midwestern states, including Iowa, Wisconsin and Minnesota, manage to register voters on Election Day in person, surely Indiana could register early voters on site.

There's more. Indiana also clings to America's earliest poll-closing time on Election Day at 6 p.m., barely an hour after most people wrap up their work day. Unlike 33 other states, Indiana requires an excuse for people mailing in an absentee ballot. Its legislative districts are redrawn every 10 years by the political party in power so the borders isolate areas traditionally supporting the opposing party. Thus, races in all nine Indiana congressional districts this year were slam dunks for incumbents; and in the state legislative races, 69 of 125 seats up for grabs featured an uncontested candidate.

The state has implemented some honorable gestures to boost voting, but those efforts will yield only negligible results until the most obvious barriers are removed.

Almost three quarters of eligible adults had no hand in selecting their state and federal representatives on Nov. 4. That's a genuine problem in need of substantive action.