The only
EVA in this Expedition was performed by Gennadi
Padalka and Michael
Barratt on June 05, 2009 (4h 54m) to prepare
Pirs
for the arrival of a new Russian module called the Mini-Research Module 2, or
MRM2.

An IVA by Gennadi
Padalka and Michael
Barratt occurred on June 10, 2009 (0h 12m). It was an
interior spacewalk to the transfer compartment between the
Zvezda
service module and the
Zarya
module for setting the stage for the
MRM2's
launch and automated linkup.

STS-127 docked
with the International Space Station on July 17, 2009.The main goal of
STS-127 (ISS-2J/A JEM
EF, JEM
ELM-ES) was to deliver and install the third and the last piece the
Japanese Exposed Facility (JEM
EF) to
Kibo and the
Kibo Japanese Experiment Logistics Module - Exposed
Section (JEM
ELM-ES). The exposed facility (a kind of "porch") is a part of
Kibo that will allow astronauts to perform science
experiments that are exposed to the vacuum of space. The exposed section is
similar to the logistics module on the
Kibo laboratory, but is not pressurized. Once its
payloads are transferred to the
JEM
EF, the
JEM
ELM-ES will be returned to the payload bay.Also inside the payload bay
was an Integrated Cargo Carrier-Vertical Light Deployable (ICC-VLD), containing a variety of equipment and
spare components for the station. The carrier contained six new batteries for
installation on the
P6
truss, that was installed during two of the mission's spacewalks, as well as a
spare space-to-ground antenna and a spare linear drive unit and pump module
which was stored on an external stowage platform on the station's truss during
one of the spacewalks.The shuttle also delivered a new
Flight Engineer - Timothy
Kopra - to join the Expedition 20 crew, and return
Expedition 20
Flight Engineer Koichi
Wakata of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency to
Earth.

The final components of Kibo will flew to the space station on
STS-127. The
STS-127 (2J/A)
mission concluded the
Kibo assembly, paving the way for the full utilization
stage of
Kibo.On this third and last
Kibo-designated assembly mission,
Kibo's final components, the Exposed Facility (JEM
EF) and the Experiment Logistics Module - Exposed Section (JEM
ELM-ES), was delivered to the International Space Station. Installation
of these components concluded assembly of the Japanese complex facility on the
station.The
JEM
EF is a multipurpose experiment platform on which various scientific
experiments can be performed using the microgravity and vacuum environment of
space.The
JEM
ELM-ES is a logistics carrier which was launched and returned on the
STS-127 mission.
On this flight, the
JEM
ELM-ES carried three
JEM
EF payloads to the station.The
JEM
EF became operational during the
STS-127 mission.
Kibo's scientific capability was doubled when the
platform for space-exposed experiment activities was ready.

A few hours
after Endeavour's
docking on the third day of the flight, Timothy
Kopra and Koichi
Wakata exchanged custom-made Russian
Soyuz spacecraft seat liners. With that exchange,
Koichi
Wakata became part of
Endeavour's crew.
Timothy Kopra, meanwhile, joined the Expedition 20 crew - the first
space station crew with a full complement of six astronauts. The Commander,
Russian cosmonaut Gennadi
Padalka, and
NASAFlight Engineer Michael
Barratt launched to the station in the Russian
Soyuz TMA-14
in March 2009. The second half of the crew - European Space Agency astronaut
Frank
De
Winne, Russian cosmonaut Roman
Romanenko, and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Robert
Thirsk - took
Soyuz TMA-15
to the station in May 2009. Koichi
Wakata arrived aboard space shuttle Discovery during the
STS-119 mission
in March 2009. In September 2009, Timothy
Kopra returned to Earth on shuttle mission
STS-128, and
Nicole Stott took his place.

A set of experiments to be
deployed on the
ISS were carried by
STS-127, namely
Dosimetry for Biological Experiments in Space (ESA),
Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crew Member Immune Function, the
student-made Image Reversal in Space (CSA/ISU),
Nutritional Status Assessment (NASA),
NASA Biological Specimen Repository and
Tomatosphere-II (CSA).

The first
EVA by David
Wolf
and Timothy
Kopra occurred on July 18, 2009 (5h 32m) to prepare
connecting mechanisms for
Kibo and the exposed facility, which the station's
robotic arm installed later in the day. They also released bolts on an ammonia
tank assembly as get-ahead work for the next shuttle mission,
STS-128. Then,
both worked to deploy the unpressurized cargo carrier attachment system (UCCAS)
on the
Port
3 truss that was jammed and couldn't be done on
STS-119. The
UCCAS will be used in the future to store equipment and supplies on the outside
of the station.Although the actual installation of
Kibo's exposed facility was done robotically, David
Wolf
and Timothy
Kopra began the first spacewalk by making preparations for
that installation at both ends. David
Wolf
made his way to the laboratory to remove some insulation currently covering its
berthing mechanism that the exposed facility was attached to. To do so, he
released four fasteners and jettisoned the insulation. While he was in the
area, he also tucked two grounding tabs on the Japanese robotic arm out of the
way of the arm's camera - they're currently interfering with the view.At
the same time, Timothy
Kopra was working inside the shuttle's cargo bay on the
exposed facility end of that preparation. He started by removing insulation
from its berthing mechanism where it will attach to the
Kibo laboratory, by releasing four fasteners and
storing the insulation. He then disconnected the power cable that keeps the
exposed facility running while it's in the cargo bay.The shuttle's robotic
arm had already latched onto the exposed facility before the spacewalk started,
and after the power cable was disconnected, the spacewalkers had done their
part in the preparations for its installation. Afterward, the station robotic
arm maneuvered into place, and the shuttle robotic arm picked up the facility
from the shuttle's cargo bay and handed it off to the station robotic arm. The
station arm then flew it to the
Kibo laboratory for installation.Meanwhile, David
Wolf
and Timothy
Kopra continued on with their spacewalk activities. Already
in the shuttle's cargo bay, Timothy
Kopra went ahead and disconnected the power cables providing
electricity to the integrated cargo carrier to which the spare station
equipment that Endeavour is carrying are attached. And he removed a
contamination cover on one of the experiments the exposed facility's experiment
carrier is carrying - MAXI, or Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image.After that,
Timothy Kopra moved to the top of the
Harmony
node to secure a cover on its common berthing mechanism. He moved farther aft
on station to pick up some tools on the station's zenith truss segment, and
then to the left side of the
Unity
node to open another cover on its common berthing mechanism.David
Wolf
moved from the
Kibo laboratory to the station's port, or left, truss.
He paused at the innermost section of the truss to loosen four bolts on the
grapple bar of an ammonia tank assembly to speed up another task during the
second spacewalk, then continued on to the port crew equipment and translation
aid, or
CETA, cart. There he was moving and restraining a foot
restraint and brake handles out of the way to prevent them from interfering
with the rotating solar alpha rotary joint.For the rest of the spacewalk,
David Wolf and Timothy
Kopra worked together to set up two systems for attaching
cargo to the station's truss - an unpressurized cargo carrier attachment
system, or UCCAS, and a payload attachment system, or PAS. Though they have
different names, the two systems are almost identical. During the last shuttle
mission to the space station, spacewalkers ran into problems when they tried to
set up the UCCAS on the port 3, or
P3,
segment of the station's truss. A jammed detent pin kept it from unfolding as
it was supposed to. So David
Wolf
and Timothy
Kopra came back for another try during their spacewalk. They
used a specially built detent release tool to help clear the jam and allow them
to fully install the UCCAS.After getting the UCCAS into place, David
Wolf
and Timothy
Kopra moved to the starboard side of the truss to set up a
PAS on the
S3
truss segment. The spacewalkers first removed brackets and pins holding the
latch in place, moved the latch into position and then reinstalled the brackets
and pins.

On July 19, 2009 a malfunction in a new toilet in the
Destiny
laboratory caused the crew to use the one in the Russian segment while attempts
were made to identify the fault. Meanwhile the shuttle was cleared for
reentry.

The second
EVA was performed by David
Wolf
and Thomas
Marshburn on July 20, 2009 (6h 53m) to transport of spare
parts from a cargo carrier to a stowage platform on the station's truss. These
parts include: an antenna, a pump module and a rail mechanism that allows a
transporter to move up and down the truss. They also relocated a grapple bar
onto an ammonia tank assembly as a get-ahead for the
STS-129 mission,
targeted for November 2009. A planned installation of a camera on the Japanese
Experiment Facility was postponed to a future
EVA
for want of time.The second spacewalk focused primarily on transferring the
spare equipment brought up by the shuttle to a storage location on the
station's truss segment.Between the first and second spacewalk, Mark
Polansky and Douglas
Hurley used the shuttle robotic arm to unpack the integrated
cargo carrier that held all the spare equipment the shuttle was delivering to
the space station. On flight day 6, before the second spacewalk started, Julie
Payette and Koichi
Wakata took over using the station robotic arm and maneuvered
the carrier to be installed temporarily on the truss.This had to be done
before the spacewalk started, because David
Wolf's
first task was to climb into a foot restraint on the station's robotic arm so
that he could transfer the equipment from the carrier to an external stowage
platform.Together, David
Wolf
and Thomas
Marshburn detached first the spare space-to-ground antenna
from the cargo carrier. David
Wolf
then carried it via the robotic arm to the stowage platform, where he and
Thomas
Marshburn installed it. They then repeated the process with
the spare pump module and the spare linear drive unit.They spent their
remaining time outside adding vision equipment on the newly installed exposed
facility, which helped with the installation of the exposed facility's
experiment carrier the following day. For launch, it was locked into a
temporary spot on the exposed facility, and David
Wolf
and Thomas
Marshburn needed to release six bolts, removed some
insulation and disconnected a power cable to retrieve it. To install it in its
permanent location on the forward end of the exposed facility, they used two
bolts to secure it and then reconnect its power cable.

The third
EVA by David
Wolf
and Christopher
Cassidy was conducted on July 22, 2009 (5h 59m) to prepare
the exposed facility for experiment transfers and replace two out of the six
batteries (four were planned) on the port side truss where they are housed to
provide power for the truss. This
EVA
was shortened by
NASA managers when astronaut Christopher
Cassidy's carbon dioxide levels showed an upward trend due to
a problem with his spacesuit's CO2 removal system. The calling off
the spacewalk was simply a precaution. David
Wolf
relocated a worksite interface and a handrail from their current location on
the
Harmony
node to a new site on the
Columbus
laboratory. Christopher
Cassidy, meanwhile, prepared the experiments and equipment
brought up inside the exposed facility's experiment carrier to be transferred
to the exposed facility itself by removing insulation. The carrier will have
been installed on flight day 7 by Mark
Polansky and Julie
Payette at the shuttle's robotic arm and Douglas
Hurley and Koichi
Wakata at the station's.Christopher
Cassidy started with the interorbit communication system,
which had two covers for Christopher
Cassidy to remove and jettison and one to bring back inside.
He also needed to release the equipment's antenna holding mechanism, which
required removing two bolts. Christopher
Cassidy then moved on to the space environment data
acquisition equipment - attached payload.From there, both spacewalkers
moved to the end of the port side of the station's truss for the battery work.
Before the spacewalk started, Douglas
Hurley and Julie
Payette used the station's robotic arm to maneuver the
integrated cargo carrier, to which the new batteries for the
P6
solar array were attached, as close to David
Wolf
and Christopher
Cassidy's worksite as possible - almost as far out as the arm
can reach.David
Wolf
and Christopher
Cassidy replaced two of the six batteries during this
spacewalk. The new batteries were designated by letters A through F, and the
old batteries numbered one through six. Christopher
Cassidy removed an old battery from the solar array's
integrated electrical assembly by installing two "scoops" that was used by the
spacewalkers to maneuver the batteries, and then removing two bolts. He then
handed it off, got out of the foot restraint he was working in, moved closer to
David Wolf and took hold of the battery. David
Wolf
released the battery, moved slightly further down the truss and positioned
himself to take hold of the battery. Christopher
Cassidy handed the battery to David
Wolf
and then moved himself closer to once again take hold and control the battery.
The process was called "shepherding", and might appear as "inch-worming" the
battery along except that one person is always holding a 367-pound (166.5 kg)
battery.To install the battery in a temporary storage location on the
integrated electrical assembly, David
Wolf
used one of the scoops to attach it to a multi-use tether, or ball-stack, and
end effectors. The spacewalkers then removed battery A from the integrated
cargo carrier and shepherd it back to the integrated electrical assembly for
installation in slot 1. The next step was to remove battery 4, shepherd it to
the cargo carrier to be installed in slot A, and remove battery B to be
installed in slot 4.The process continued until two batteries were
installed, then the first battery was removed from its temporary storage
location and installed in the vacant spot on the cargo carrier.

The
fourth EVA was performed by Thomas
Marshburn and Christopher
Cassidy on July 24, 2009 (7h 12m) to replace the final four
batteries on the port truss.Thomas
Marshburn and Christopher
Cassidy spent the first half of spacewalk four finishing up
the battery swap work that David
Wolf
and Christopher
Cassidy started. They used the same procedure. The
spacewalkers will wrapped up their work by installing the exposed facility's
aft vision equipment, in a process similar to that performed by Thomas
Marshburn and David
Wolf
during the second spacewalk.

The fifth and final
EVA by Thomas
Marshburn and Christopher
Cassidy occurred on July 27, 2009 (4h 54m) to remove covers
from the Dextre robotic arm, reconfigure cables on a panel
for some circuit breakers and deploy two additional payload attachment systems.
They also installed a second camera that will provide video of experiments on
the aft end of the exposed facility, a work, which was originally scheduled for
EVA
4. Finally, they replaced an aging camera system on the starboard truss.
Instead some get ahead tasks were completed which included installation of
handrails and a portable foot restraint.The last spacewalk of the mission
was devoted primarily to get-ahead tasks that were not able to be finished
during the last shuttle mission to the space station. Thomas
Marshburn's first job took him to the station's special
purpose dexterous manipulator - also known as
Dextre - on the exterior of the
Destiny
laboratory. He was resecuring two thermal covers on
Dextre's orbital replacement unit tool changeout
mechanisms - in other words, one of the robot's wrist joints.While he did
so, Christopher
Cassidy swapped two connectors on a patch panel on the
station's zenith truss segment.The two then worked together to first set up
two more payload attachment systems - on the inboard and outboard sides of the
nadir portion of the
S3
truss - following the procedure that David
Wolf
and Timothy
Kopra used during the first spacewalk, and installed a
wireless video system external transceiver assembly, or WETA, on the same
segment. WETAs support the transmission of video from spacewalkers' helmet
cameras. To do so, Thomas
Marshburn removed a dummy box currently in the location, and
then attached the WETA to a stanchion. Christopher
Cassidy connected three cables to the assembly.

On
July 28, 2009 STS-127 undocked from the
ISS and moved to a distance of about 450 feet (137.2
meters), where Douglas
Hurley began to fly around the station. Once
Endeavour
completed 1.5 revolutions of the complex, Douglas
Hurley fired
Endeavour's jets
to leave the area. The shuttle moved about 46 miles (74 km) from the station
and remained there while ground teams analyzed data from the late inspection of
the shuttle's heat shield. The distance was close enough to allow the shuttle
to return to the station in the unlikely event that the heat shield is damaged,
preventing the shuttle's safe re-entry.

Progress M-67 was successfully launched at
10:56:56
UTC on July 24, 2009. It was originally scheduled to
dock with the
ISS on July 26, 2009, two days after launch, but
following delays to the launch of Space Shuttle
Endeavour on
mission STS-127,
it was decided before launch to extend the free flight period to allow the
Shuttle to remain docked for the full duration of its mission. Although the
Shuttle and
Progress spacecraft do not use the same docking port
on the
ISS, a
Progress cannot dock or undock whilst a Shuttle is
docked to the station. Following
Endeavour's
departure on July 28, 2009,
Progress M-67 docked to the aft docking port of the
Zvezda
module on July 29, 2009 at 11:12
UTC after five days of free flight. During rendezvous,
the
Progress approached the station in an incorrect
orientation, before the automated Kurs system was deactivated, and cosmonaut
Gennadi
Padalka took over using the manual TORU system. The
spacecraft delivered 50 kg of oxygen, 210 kg of water, about 830 kg of
propellant and more than 1,200 kg of dry cargo to the
ISS.
Progress M-67 undocked from the
ISS on September 21, 2009 at 07:25
UTC, in order to free up the aft docking port on
Zvezda
for the arrival of
Soyuz
TMA-16.
Progress M-67 was successfully deorbited and burned up
upon atmospheric reentry on September 27, 2009.

The next Space
Shuttle docking to the International Space Station was STS-128. The
docking occurred on August 31, 2009.The primary payload of
STS-128 (ISS-17A
MPLM Leonardo,
LMC) was the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
Leonardo to assist with establishing a six-man crew capacity by bringing
extra supplies and equipment to the station. The Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
contained three racks for life support, a crew quarter to be installed in
Kibo, a new treadmill (COLBERT) that will
temporarily be placed in
Node
2 and later in
Node
3, and an Air Revitalization System (ARS) that will temporarily be placed
in
Kibo and later in Node 3.Three spacewalks were
planned during the mission, which removed and replaced a materials processing
experiment outside
ESAs
Columbus
module, and to return an empty ammonia tank assembly.The mission of
Christer
Fuglesang was named Alissé by the European
Space Agency. The name was proposed by Jürgen Modlich from Baierbrunn,
Germany. The name refers to the 15th-century explorers who used the
trade winds to follow Christopher Columbus across the oceans to the New
World.Nicole
Stott replaced
NASA astronaut Timothy
Kopra as a long-duration crew member on the space station and
a member of the Expedition 20 and 21
crews. Nicole
Stott spent three months on the complex while Timothy
Kopra returned home aboard
Discovery. Nicole
Stott returned in November 2009 on the shuttle Atlantis as
part of the STS-129 crew.Nicole
Stott was originally scheduled to return aboard
Soyuz
TMA-15, but a change in the flight plan was made due to the possible flight
delays in future shuttle missions, which may extend Canadian astronaut Robert
Thirsk's mission beyond the six-month duration preferred for
station crew members.

Less than two hours after the docking, hatches
were opened between the two spacecraft to begin almost nine days of work
between the two crews.
Discovery's
arrival at the station two days after launch again placed 13 crew members on
the complex. The shuttle crew joined Gennadi
Padalka of Russia, and
Flight Engineers Michael
Barratt and Timothy
Kopra of
NASA, Roman
Romanenko of Russia, Robert
Thirsk of the Canadian Space Agency and Frank
De
Winne of the European Space Agency.Nicole
Stott and Timothy
Kopra exchanged
Soyuz seatliners. With this procedure Nicole
Stott joined Expedition 20 and Timothy
Kopra joined the
STS-128
crew.

During flight day 4, the
MPLM Leonardo was berthed to the Nadir or earth facing
port on
Harmony
using the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS).
Once it was berthed, the crews activated it and opened the hatch for ingress.
Some more items were transferred from the shuttle mid-deck including the MDS
experiment.Housed for the ride to the station in the Leonardo Multi-Purpose
Logistics Module in Discovery's payload bay were the Materials Science Research
Rack (MSRR-1), the Minus Eighty Degree Laboratory Freezer for
ISS (MELFI) and the Fluids Integration Rack (FIR).
MSRR-1 was used for basic materials research related to metals, alloys,
polymers, semiconductors, ceramics, crystals and glasses in the microgravity
environment. MELFI was used for long-term storage of experiment samples that
are to be returned to Earth for detailed analysis. The FIR is a fluid physics
research facility designed to host investigations in areas such as colloids,
gels, bubbles, wetting and capillary action, and phase changes, including
boiling and cooling.Leonardo, which served as a large moving van for
supplies and equipment back and forth from the station, also was carrying a new
crew quarters to provide more sleeping space for the expanded station crew
members and a new exercise device called the Combined Operational Load Bearing
External Resistance Treadmill, or COLBERT, coined after late-night cable
entertainment personality Stephen Colbert. COLBERT was transferred to a
temporary location in the
Harmony
node, but will ultimately reside in the new Node 3 module -
Tranquility
- that will be launched to the station in 2010 as a final connecting point for
other modules on the U.S. segment of the complex, including the
Cupola,
a multi-windowed module to provide a vista-like view of the universe. COLBERT
will not be checked out and activated until later in 2009.In addition to
the new treadmill, also referred to as "T2", the crew transferred a new Air
Revitalization System (ARS) rack to the station for use in
Tranquility
to maintain a pristine environment for the expanded six-person crew on the
outpost. The system includes another carbon dioxide removal system bed similar
to the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly (CDRA) that resides in the U.S.
Destiny
laboratory. The rack was temporarily stowed in the Japanese segment of the
station until
Tranquility
is in place to accept it on a permanent basis.

The first
EVA by John
Olivas and Nicole
Stott occurred on September 01, 2009 (6h 35m) to prepare for
the replacement of an empty ammonia tank on the station's port truss, or
backbone, by releasing its bolts. They also retrieved a materials processing
experiment (MISSE) and a European science experiment (EuTEF) mounted outside the
Columbus
laboratory and stowed them in
Discovery's cargo
bay for their return to Earth.The work to replace the ammonia tank assembly
on the first port segment of the station's truss -
P1
- began on the first spacewalk of the mission. John
Olivas and Nicole
Stott removed the depleted tank from the truss, so that it
was picked up by the station's robotic arm for storage until after the second
spacewalk.To remove it from the station's truss, John
Olivas and Nicole
Stott disconnected two lines used to transfer its ammonia,
two lines which provide nitrogen for pressurization, and two electrical
connections and released four bolts. They then worked together to lift the tank
away from the truss and maneuvered it into position for the robotic arm to
latch onto.While the arm was still holding the tank assembly, Nicole
Stott installed a foot restraint on it as well, which she
then climbed into for the removal of the European Technology Exposure Facility,
or
MISSE. While Nicole
Stott got into place, John
Olivas documented the experiment's condition by taking some
photographs. John
Olivas then detached the experiment by releasing one bolt,
and Nicole
Stott lifted it away from its place on the
Columbus
laboratory. From there, Kevin
Ford
and Robert
Thirsk drove her via the robotic arm to the shuttle's cargo
bay, where she worked with John
Olivas to store it on a cargo carrier for transport back to
Earth. One bolt was used to attach it to the carrier.The spacewalkers'
final task was the removal of the sixth Materials International Space Station
Experiment - or
MISSE. Nicole
Stott climbed out of the robotic arm's foot restraint and met
John Olivas back at
Columbus.
(Although
MISSE is a
NASA experiment, it is located on the exterior of the
Columbus
laboratory.) While he waited for Nicole
Stott to arrive, John
Olivas closed the passive experiment containers in which the
two parts of the
MISSE experiment were housed, and disconnected two
cables. John
Olivas then removed the first of the containers and passed it
on to Nicole
Stott for installation in a storage location. The second was
removed and stowed by John
Olivas.

While the spacewalk was going on crew members
inside were transferring the Crew Quarters, C.O.L.B.E.R.T treadmill and the
Node
3 Air Revitalization System rack (ARS). The treadmill and ARS were
temporarily stowed, while the crew Quarters was installed in the
Kibo Module where setup and activation was
begun.During flight day 6 the joint crews continued the activation of the
new crew quarters. The last of the major transfer items, the Fluids Integrated
Rack (FIR), Materials Science Research Rack and the Minus Eighty Laboratory
Freezer
ISS 2 (MELFI-2) were transferred from the
Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Leonardo.

The second
EVA was performed by John
Olivas and Christer
Fuglesang on September 03, 2009 (6h 39m) to remove the new
ammonia tank from the shuttle's payload bay and replacing it with the used tank
on the station. The new tank, weighing about 1,800 pounds (816.5 kg), was the
most mass ever moved around by spacewalking astronauts. After the new tank was
installed, the old one was stowed in the shuttle for its return to Earth. On
Earth the tank will be refueled and delivered again to the
ISS during the mission of
STS-131.The
entire second spacewalk of the mission focused on completing the ammonia tank
assembly swap. John
Olivas began by removing insulation on the new ammonia tank
while Christer
Fuglesang got into position in the robotic arm's foot
restraint. He and John
Olivas then worked together to release the four bolts
securing the assembly to the cargo carrier inside the shuttle's cargo bay.
Kevin Ford and Nicole
Stott then drove the robotic arm - carrying Christer
Fuglesang and both ammonia tanks - to the installation site
on the
P1
truss segment.John
Olivas met Christer
Fuglesang there, and together they drove the four bolts that
held it in place. John
Olivas then connected two electrical cables and four fluid
lines.With the new tank assembly installed, John
Olivas and Christer
Fuglesang prepared for the storage of the old tank assembly,
still latched to the robotic arm. John
Olivas tethered the old tank assembly to himself and then
gave Kevin Ford and Nicole
Stott the OK to command the robotic arm to release it. Then
Christer
Fuglesang attached his tether to the assembly and John
Olivas removed his tether, allowing Christer
Fuglesang and the old tank to make their way back to the
shuttle's cargo bay via robotic arm. Once there, John
Olivas and Christer
Fuglesang installed it on the cargo carrier with four
bolts.

On flight day 8 more transfer was completed by both crews. The
space station crew calibrated the Oxygen Generation System (OGS) H2 sensor.
Timothy Kopra and Nicole
Stott continued their hand over activities, helping Nicole
Stott who was taking over from Timothy
Kopra.

The third and final
EVA by John
Olivas and Christer
Fuglesang was conducted on September 05, 2009 (7h 01m) to
prepare for the arrival of the
Tranquility
node by attaching two 18m long cables between the starboard truss and the
Unity
node, the area where
Tranquility
will be installed.
Tranquility
is targeted to arrive to the station on
STS-130 in
February 2010. The spacewalkers also replaced a communications sensor device,
installed two new
GPS antennas and a new circuit breaker.The first
tasks of the final spacewalk of the mission were finish work left by the
previous space shuttle mission. The
STS-127
spacewalkers completed the deployment of the one cargo attachment system on the
P1
truss segment, but had to leave the set up of similar systems on
S3
for future missions. On
STS-119 a jammed
detent pin on the first of the systems prevented them from deploying the
P1
system. A special tool was built to assist with the deployment. The
STS-127
spacewalkers were successful in clearing the jam. John
Olivas and Christer
Fuglesang had the same tool on hand for use if needed.If
the detent pin did not jam, however, the cargo attachment system was set up by
removing brackets and pins holding it in place, moving it into its correct
position and then reinstalling the brackets and pins.Once that was
complete, John
Olivas and Christer
Fuglesang worked together to remove and replace a failed rate
gyro assembly in the center of the station's truss. To remove the failed
assembly, John
Olivas disconnected two cables and removed two bolts.
Christer
Fuglesang removed the final two holding the assembly in
place, and then John
Olivas removed it and temporarily stored it nearby. To
install the new one, John
Olivas and Christer
Fuglesang each had to drive four bolts, and John
Olivas then connected its two cables before moving on to the
next task.At this point in the spacewalk, John
Olivas and Christer
Fuglesang split up. John
Olivas set up heater cables that will be used to keep the
PMA
3 berthing port between the
Unity
and the coming
Tranquility
node warm so it can be pressurized. This will allow the station crew to prepare
the vestibule for
Tranquility
node's arrival. That involved disconnecting four cables and wire-tying them
into place along a handrails on the
Unity
node. One of them was connected to an outlet on
Unity,
the rest had caps installed on them.Meanwhile, Christer
Fuglesang replaced a failed remote power control module on
the center segment of the station's truss. To remove the failed module, he
simply released one bolt. To install the new unit, he slided it into place on a
guide rail and then secured it using one bolt. He followed that up by
installing an insulation sleeve on a cable inside the truss.With those
tasks done, Christer
Fuglesang and John
Olivas came together again in the center of the truss to
route avionics systems cables. They were using wire ties to secure two cable
bundles to handrails along the truss system and the
Unity
node, and then a panel on the truss.John
Olivas wrapped up the spacewalk by removing a damaged
slidewire from a stanchion on
Unity,
while Christer
Fuglesang installed a lens cover on a camera and light
assembly on the space station's robotic arm.

Flight day 10 saw the joint
crews transfer samples from the space station to the shuttle freezer known as
Glacier. The samples will be returned to earth for examination by scientists
who will develop ways to prevent bone and muscle loss in space as well as cures
for other illnesses on earth. The crews also completed some close outs of the
Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. The last portion of the crew day was
spent off duty.On flight day 11 the joint
ISS/shuttle crews completed transfers and closed the
hatches with the
MPLM. Once the hatches were closed, the
MPLM was deactivated, demated and berthed back in the
payload bay of the space shuttle. During this process José
Hernández and Nicole
Stott took part in a PAO event. The end of the crews work
days saw the two crews say goodbye in a farewell ceremony and close the hatches
between the shuttle and
ISS. Once the hatches were closed, the
Pressurized
Mating Adapter 2 was depressurized, in advance of undocking. The shuttle
crew setup and checked out the rendezvous tools before going to bed.

On
September 08, 2009 STS-128 undocked from the
ISS and moved to a distance of about 450 feet (137.2
meters), where Kevin
Ford
began to fly around the station. Kevin
Ford
circled the shuttle around the station at a distance of 600-700 feet (182-213
meters).Once the shuttle completed 1.5 revolutions of the complex, Kevin
Ford
fired Discovery's
maneuvering thrusters to leave the area. The shuttle began to increase its
distance from the station with each trip around the Earth, while ground teams
analyzed data from the late inspection of the shuttle's heat shield. However,
the distance was close enough to allow the shuttle to return to the station in
the unlikely event that the heat shield is damaged, preventing the shuttle's
safe re-entry.

The Japanese freighter
HTV arrived on September 17, 2009.
HTV-1 was successfully launched at 17:01:46
UTC on September 10, 2009, to the initial orbit of
299.9 km apogee / 199.8 km perigee / 51.69° inclination (planned 300.0
±2 km / 200.0 ±10 km / 51.67 ±0.15°). The launch took
place from the Yoshinobu Launch Complex at the Tanegashima Space Centre, and
was the first to use the second pad of the complex. It arrived at the Approach
Initiation Point, 5 kilometers behind the space station at 13:59
UTC, and began its final approach sequence at 15:31.
It approached to within 10 meters (33 ft) of the station, from where it was
grappled using the
Canadarm2
robotic arm of the space station, operated by Nicole
Stott. Initial capture occurred at 19:47
UTC, with the procedure being completed at 19:51.
Robert
Thirsk then used
Canadarm2
to move it to a "ready-to-latch" position over the nadir CBM port of the
Harmony
module. It arrived at this position at 22:08
UTC, and by 22:12 four latches had engaged to hold it
in place. Sixteen bolts were subsequently driven in to achieve a hard mate. It
remained berthed at the station until October 30, 2009.HTV-1 carried four and a half tonnes of payload,
lower than the six tonne maximum payload of the
HTV in order to allow the spacecraft to carry
additional propellant and batteries for the in-orbit verification phase of the
flight. In the Unpressurised Logistics Carrier, the
HTV-1 carried SMILES (Superconducting
Submillimeter-Wave Limb Emission Sounder) and HREP (HICO-RAIDS Experiment
Payload), which both were installed in the
JEM
Exposed Facility on the
ISS. The Pressurised Logistics Carrier carried 3.6
tons of supplies for the International Space Station. It consisted of food (33%
of weight), laboratory experiment materials (20%), robot arm and other hardware
for JEM (18%), crew supplies including garments,
toiletries, personal mail and photographs, fluorescent lights, waste buckets
(10%), and packing materials (19%).HTV departed the
ISS on October 31, 2009 after being released by the
station's robotic arm. The spacecraft re-entered the Earth's atmosphere on
November 02, 2009 and disintegrated on re-entry as planned.
HTV-1 was loaded with 199 items of discarded equipment
& waste of 727.7 kg, as well as 896 kg empty racks, totaling 1,624
kg.

Koichi
Wakata performed an experiment where he did not change his
underpants in order to test a specially designed underwear which he wore for 1
month without washing or changing and did not develop body
odor.

Expeditions 19 / 20
included operating 98 experiments in human research, technology development;
observing the Earth; and performing educational activities and biological and
physical sciences aboard the International Space Station. The experiments have
been prioritized based on fundamental and applied research needs established by
NASA and the international partners - the Canadian
Space Agency (CSA), the European Space Agency (ESA), and
the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). Russia manages its experiments and requirements
separately.

Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space Flight
Induced Bone Loss (Bisphosphonates) will determine whether antiresorptive
agents - those that help reduce bone loss on Earth - in conjunction with the
routine in-flight exercise program, will protect station crew members from bone
loss, which has been observed and documented on previous
missions.

Cardiac Atrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction During and After
Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic
Intolerance, Exercise Capability and Risk for Cardiac Arrhythmias (Integrated
Cardiovascular) will determine how much cardiac atrophy, or a decrease in the
size of the heart muscle, occurs during spaceflight. It will study how fast
atrophy occurs and whether it causes problems with the heart's pumping or
electrical function.

Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crew
member Immune Function (Integrated Immune) will assess the clinical risks
resulting from the adverse effects of spaceflight on the human immune system.
The study will validate a flight-compatible immune monitoring strategy by
collecting and analyzing blood, urine and saliva samples from crew members
before, during and after spaceflight to monitor changes in the immune
system.

Nutritional Status Assessment (Nutrition) studies human
physiological changes during long-duration spaceflight. Results will impact
both the definition of nutritional requirements and development of food systems
for future space exploration missions to the moon and beyond. This experiment
also will help researchers understand the impact of countermeasures - exercise
and pharmaceuticals - on nutritional status and nutrient requirements for
astronauts.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Biological Specimen Repository (Repository) is a storage bank used to
maintain biological specimens over extended periods of time and under
well-controlled conditions. Samples from crew members on the station -
including blood and urine - will be collected, processed and archived during
the pre-flight, in-flight and postflight phases of the missions. This
investigation has been developed to archive biological samples for use as a
resource for future spaceflight research.

Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and
Light Exposure during Spaceflight-Long (Sleep-Long) examines the effects of
spaceflight and ambient light exposure on the sleep-wake cycles of the crew
members during long-duration stays on the space station. Results are vital to
treating insomnia in space.

A Comprehensive Characterization of
Microorganisms and Allergens in Spacecraft (SWAB) will comprehensively
evaluate microbes aboard the space station, including pathogens - organisms
that may cause disease. This study will allow an assessment of the risk of
microbes to the crew and the spacecraft.

Evaluation of Maximal Oxygen
Uptake and Submaximal Estimates of VO2max Before, During, and After Long
Duration International Space Station Missions (VO2max) will document
changes in aerobic capacity for crew members on long-duration missions, greater
than 90 days. VO2max is the standard measure of aerobic capacity, and is
directly related to the physical working capacity of an individual. By
understanding the changes in VO2max in spaceflight, necessary adjustments can
be made to exercise regimes for future crews that may help combat any negative
effects.

JPL
Electronic Nose (ENose) is a full-time, incident monitor designed to detect
air contamination from spills and leaks inside the station. It is envisioned to
be one part of a distributed system for automated monitoring and control of the
breathing atmosphere in inhabited spacecraft in
microgravity.

Multi-User Droplet Combustion Apparatus - Flame
Extinguishment Experiment (MCDA-FLEX) will assess the effectiveness of fire
suppressants in microgravity and quantify the effect of different atmospheres
on fire suppression. This will provide definition and direction for large-scale
fire suppression tests and selection of the fire suppressant for
next-generation crew exploration vehicles.

Materials on the
International Space Station Experiment 6 A and B (MISSE-6A and 6B) is a test bed for materials and
coatings attached to the outside of the space station that are being evaluated
for the effects of atomic oxygen, direct sunlight, radiation and extremes of
heat and cold. This experiment allows the development and testing of new
materials to better withstand the rigors of space environments. Results will
provide a better understanding of the durability of various materials in space.

Serial Network Flow Monitor (SNFM) will study the function of
the computer network aboard the station. This information will allow monitoring
and improvement in the data transfer capabilities of in-orbit computer
networks.

Space-Dynamically Responding Ultrasonic Matrix System
(SpaceDRUMS) is a suite of hardware to facilitate containerless advanced
materials science. Inside SpaceDRUMS, samples of experimental materials, such
as porous ceramics, can be processed without ever touching a container wall.
Results will help scientists on Earth determine methods to make better
materials for use on Earth and in space.

Synchronized Position Hold,
Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites (SPHERES) are bowling-ball-sized
spherical satellites. They will be used inside the space station to test a set
of well-defined instructions for spacecraft performing autonomous rendezvous
and docking maneuvers. Three free-flying spheres will fly inside the station,
performing flight formations. Each satellite is self-contained with power,
propulsion, computers and navigation equipment. The results are important for
satellite servicing, vehicle assembly and formation-flying spacecraft
configurations.

Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere Monitor (VCAM) will test
the air, water and surface of the station interior for contaminants. The
station environment can be contaminated by off-gassing of vapors from items
such as plastics and tapes, as well as bacteria and fungi. Results of
monitoring the station will provide a new understanding of the closed
environment that can be applied to future spacecraft.

Transgenic
Arabidopsis Gene Expression System (TAGES) uses Arabidopsis thaliana,
commonly known as thale cress, to determine how plants perceive stresses such
as drought, inadequate light, or varying temperatures in
space.

Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic Aggregates from
Colloidal Emulsions - 2 (InSPACE-2) will obtain data on magnetorheological
fluids - fluids that change properties in response to magnetic fields - that
can be used to improve or develop new brake systems for vehicles, and
robotics.

Validating Vegetable Production Unit (VPU) Plants,
Protocols, Procedures and Requirements (P3R) Using Currently Existing Flight
Resources (Lada-VPU-P3R) is a study to advance the technology required for
plant growth in microgravity and to research related food safety issues. It
also investigates the non-nutritional value to the flight crew of developing
plants in orbit.

Agricultural Camera (AgCam) takes frequent
images, in visible and infrared light, of vegetated areas on Earth, such as
farmland, rangeland, grasslands, forests and wetlands in the northern Great
Plains and Rocky Mountain regions of the United States. Images will be
delivered within two days directly to requesting farmers, ranchers, foresters,
natural resource managers and tribal officials to help improve environmental
stewardship.

Crew Earth Observations (CEO)
takes advantage of the crew in space to observe and photograph natural and
human-made changes on Earth. The photographs record the Earth's surface changes
over time, along with dynamic events such as storms, floods, fires and volcanic
eruptions. These images provide researchers on Earth with key data to better
understand the planet.

Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School
Students (EarthKAM), an education experiment, allows middle school students
to program a digital camera aboard the station to photograph a variety of
geographical targets for study in the classroom. Photos are made available on
the Web for viewing and study by participating schools around the world.
Educators use the images for projects involving Earth science, geography,
physics and technology.

Education Payload Operations - Kit D (EPO -
Kit D) is part of
NASA's continuing effort to use space as a unique
educational tool for K-12 students. Everyday items, such as toys and tools, are
given a new twist by combining them with the allure of the unusual space
environment to produce educational materials that inspire interest in science,
technology, engineering and mathematics.

HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Remote
Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (HREP-RAIDS) will provide
atmospheric scientists with a complete description of the major constituents of
the thermosphere, the fourth layer of the Earth's atmosphere where the space
shuttle and space station orbit, and ionosphere, the uppermost layer of the
Earth's atmosphere, and provide global electron density profiles at altitudes
between 100 - 350 kilometers.

Many other experiments were performed
during the space shuttle missions that are part of Expeditions
19 / 20. These experiments
include:

Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment - 2 (ANDE-2) will
measure the density and composition of the low Earth orbit atmosphere while
tracking from the ground two microsatellites launched from the shuttle payload
bay. The data will be used to better predict the movement of objects in
orbit.

Dual RF Astrodynamic
GPS Orbital Navigator Satellite (DRAGONSat) is
designed to prove that autonomous rendezvous and docking of two spacecraft can
be performed in low Earth orbit. The project also will gather flight data with
a global positioning system receiver to demonstrate precision
navigation.

Maui Analysis of Upper Atmospheric Injections (MAUI)
observes the space shuttle engine exhaust plumes from the Maui Space
Surveillance Site in Hawaii. The observations will occur when the shuttle fires
its engines at night or twilight. A telescope and all-sky imagers will collect
images and data while the shuttle flies over the Maui site. The images will be
analyzed to better understand the interaction between the spacecraft plume and
the upper atmosphere.

National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 4 and
National Lab Pathfinder - Vaccine - 5 (NLPVaccine- 4 and NLP-Vaccine-5) is
a suite of investigations serving as a pathfinder for the use of the space
station as a National Laboratory after station assembly is complete. It
contains several different pathogenic, or disease causing, organisms. This
research is investigating the use of spaceflight to develop potential vaccines
for the prevention of different infections caused by these pathogens on Earth
and in microgravity.

Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments
(SEITE) will use space-based sensors to detect turbulence inferred from the
radar observations from a previous Space Shuttle Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) burn experiment using ground-based radar. The
research will enhance detection, tracking and timely surveillance of
high-interest objects in space.

Spinal Elongation and its Effects on
Seated Height in a Microgravity Environment (Spinal Elongation) study will
provide quantitative data as to the amount of change that occurs in the seated
height due to spinal elongation in microgravity.

Validation of
Procedures for Monitoring Crew Member Immune Function - Short Duration
Biological Investigation (Integrated Immune - SDBI) will assess the
clinical risks resulting from the adverse effects of spaceflight on the human
immune system for space shuttle crew members. The study will validate a
flight-compatible immune monitoring strategy by collecting and analyzing blood,
urine and saliva samples from crew members before, during and after spaceflight
to monitor changes in the immune system.

Shuttle Ionospheric
Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust Experiments (SIMPLEX) will use
ground-based radars to investigate plasma turbulence driven by rocket exhaust
in the ionosphere - four layers of the Earth's upper atmosphere where space
radiation can create an area that reflects radio signals. Results will help in
the interpretation of spacecraft engine plumes when they are observed from
Earth.

Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During Spaceflight -
Short (Sleep-Short) examines the effects of spaceflight on the sleep-wake
cycles of the astronauts during space shuttle missions. Advancing
state-of-theart technology for monitoring, diagnosing and assessing treatment
of sleep patterns is vital to treating sleep disorders on Earth and in
space.

On
October 02, 2009 Russian spacecraft
Soyuz TMA-16
brought the two new crewmembers of Expedition 21 to the station. Finally the station command
changed from Russian cosmonaut Gennadi
Padalka to Frank
De
Winne from Belgium. Expedition 20 offically ended with undocking of
Soyuz TMA-14
on October 11, 2009 at 01:07
UTC.

During the stay on board of the
ISS the crews of Expeditions
19 / 20 carried out the following
scientific experiments:3D-Space (Mental Representation of Spatial Cues
During Space Flight),AgCam (Agricultural Camera - AgCam name used
historically from 2005-2010, later version known as ISAAC),ALTEA-Dosi
(Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' - Dosimetry),ANDE-2
(Atmospheric Neutral Density Experiment - 2),ARISS (Amateur Radio on the
International Space Station),Aryl (Influencing Factors of Space Flight on
Expression of Strains of Interleukin),Astrovakcina (Cultivation in
Weightless of E.coli- Producer of the Caf1 Protein),Avatar Explore (Avatar
Explore: Autonomous Robotic Operations Performed from the
ISS),Bacteriophage (Investigation of the Effects
of Space Flight Factors on Bacteriophages),Bar (Choice and Development of
Methods and Instruments to Detect the Location of a Loss of Pressurization of a
Module on
ISS),BCAT-3-4-CP (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 3
and 4: Critical Point),BCAT-4-Poly (Binodal Colloidal Aggregation Test - 4:
Polydispersion),BCAT-5-3D-Melt (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5:
Three-Dimensional Melt),BCAT-5-Compete (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5:
Compete),BCAT-5-PhaseSep (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test-5: Phase
Separation),BCAT-5-Seeded_Growth (Binary Colloidal Alloy Test - 5: Seeded
Growth),Bif (Investigation of the Effects of Space Flight Factors on the
Technological and Biomedical Characteristics of
Bifidobacterium),Biodegradation (Initial stage of Biodegradation and
Biodeterioration in Space),Bioemulsia (Research and Development of a
Self-Contained Reactor of the Shielded Type For Production of Biomass of
Microorganisms and Biologically Active Substances),Biological Rhythms (The
Effect of Long-term Microgravity Exposure on Cardiac Autonomic Function by
Analyzing 24-hours Electrocardiogram),Biorisk (Influence of Factors of the
Space Environment on the Condition of the System of Microorganisms-Hosts
Relating to the Problem of Environmental Safety of Flight Techniques and
Planetary Quarantine),Biotrek (Influence of the Flow of Heavily Charged
Particles of Space Radiation on Gentic Properties of Cell Production),BISE
(Bodies In the Space Environment: Relative Contributions of Internal and
External Cues to Self - Orientation, During and After Zero Gravity
Exposure),Bisphosphonates (Bisphosphonates as a Countermeasure to Space
Flight Induced Bone Loss),BLT (Boundary Layer Transition, Detailed Test
Objective 854),BTN-M1 (Examination of the Flow of High Speed and Thermal
Neutrons),Card (Long Term Microgravity: A Model for Investigating
Mechanisms of Heart Disease with New Portable Equipment),CCISS
(Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Control on Return from
ISS),CEO (Crew
Earth Observations),Conjugation (Development of Methods for Designing New
Recombinants Producing Strains of Bacteria in Space Flight),DOSIS-DOBIES
(Dose Distribution Inside
ISS - Dosimetry for Biological Experiments in
Space),DOSTEL (DOSimetry TELescopes),DRAGONSat (Dual RF Astrodynamic
GPS Orbital Navigator Satellite),DTN (Disruption
Tolerant Networking for Space Operations),Dykhanie (Regulation and
Biomechanics of Respiration in Space Flight),EarthKAM (Earth Knowledge
Acquired by Middle School Students),EDOS (Early Detection of Osteoporosis
in Space),EKE (Assessment of Endurance Capacity by Gas Exchange and Heart
Rate Kinetics During Physical Training),Ekon (Experimental Survey on
Evaluating the Possibility of Using th Russian Segment of
ISS for Environmental Inspection of Work Areas of
Various Facilities (Features)),ENose (JPL Electronic
Nose),Environmental Monitoring (Environmental Monitoring of the
International Space Station),EPO-Demos (Education Payload Operation -
Demonstrations),EPO-Kit D (Education Payload Operation - Kit D),Expert
(Investigation of Early Symptoms of Microdestruction of Structures and
Instrument Modules in the Russian Segment of
ISS),Fizika-Obrazovanie (Educational Demonstration
of Basic Physics Laws of Motion),FLEX (Flame Extinguishment
Experiment),Foam-Stability (Foam Optics And Mechanics - Stability),Get
Fit for Space (Get Fit for Space Challenge with Robert
Thirsk),HMD (Demonstration of Head Mounted Display (HMD)
System for Crew),Holter ECG (Digital Holter ECG),HREP-HICO (HICO and
RAIDS Experiment Payload - Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal
Ocean),HREP-RAIDS (HICO and RAIDS Experiment Payload - Remote Atmospheric
and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS)),HTV-Environmental Monitoring (Transport Environment
Monitoring Package at
HTV Cargo Transfer Bag),Identifikatsia
(Identification of the Sources of Dynamic Loads on
ISS),Impuls (Impulse),Inflight Education
Downlinks (International Space Station Inflight Education
Downlinks),InSPACE-2 (Investigating the Structure of Paramagnetic
Aggregates from Colloidal Emulsions - 2),Integrated Cardiovascular (Cardiac
Atrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction During and After Long Duration Spaceflight:
Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance, Exercise Capability and
Risk for Cardiac Arrhythmias),Integrated Immune (Validation of Procedures
for Monitoring Crewmember Immune Function),Integrated Immune-SDBI
(Validation of Procedures for Monitoring Crewmember Immune Function - Short
Duration Biological Investigation),Iris (Image Reversal In Space),ISS Acoustics (International Space Station Acoustic
Measurement Program),Izgib (Effect of Performance of Flight and Science
Activities on the Function of On-Orbit Systems on
ISS (Mathematical Model)),JAXA-HDTV (Activation and Test Downlink of HDTV
System),JAXA EPO 1 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Education Payload Observation 1),JAXA EPO,2 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Education Payload Observation 2),JAXA EPO 3 (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
Education Payload Observation 3),JAXA PCG (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Protein
Crystal Growth),Kaskad (Investigation of the Processes of Cultivation of
Different Types of Cells),Kibo Kids Tour (Kibo Kids Tour),Kontur (Development of a System of
Supervisory Control Over the Internet of the Robotic Manipulator in the Russian
Segment of
ISS),Lactolen (Influence of Factors of Space
Flight on Lactolen Producer Strains),Lada-VPU-P3R (Validating Vegetable
Production Unit (VPU) Plants, Protocols, Procedures and Requirements (P3R)
Using Currently Existing Flight Resources),LOCAD-PTS (Lab-on-a-Chip
Application Development-Portable Test System),MAI-75 (Space Devices and
Modern Technology for Personal Communication),Marangoni-Exp (Chaos,
Turbulence and its Transition Process in Marangoni Convection-Exp),MAXI
(Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image),MDS (Mice Drawer System),Microbe-I
(Microbial Dynamics in International Space Station - I),MISSE-6A and 6B (Materials International Space Station
Experiment - 6A and 6B),MOP (Motion Perception: Vestibular Adaptation to
G-Transitions),Muscle (Study of Low Back Pain in Crewmembers During Space
Flight),Neurospat (Effect of Gravitational Context on EEG Dynamics: A Study
of Spatial Cognition, Novelty Processing and Sensorimotor
Integration),NLP-Vaccine-MRSA (National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine -
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus),NLP-Vaccine-Salmonella
(National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - Salmonella),NLP-Vaccine-Survey
(National Laboratory Pathfinder - Vaccine - Survey),Nutrition (Nutritional
Status Assessment),OChB (Influence of Factors of Space Flight on Superoxide
Strain Producer),Otolith (Otolith Assessment During Postflight
Re-adaptation),Photosynth (Photosynth Three-Dimensional Modeling of
ISS Interior and Exterior),Pilot (Individual
Characteristics of Psychophysiological Regulatory Status and Reliaility of
Professional Activities of Cosmonauts in Long Duration Space
Flight),Plasma-MKS (Plasma-ISS: Examination of Plasmic Environments on the
External Surface of
ISS Through the Characterization of Optical
Radiance),Plasma-Progress (Observation of the Reflective
Characteristics of the Spacecraft Plasma Environment from On-Board Thruster
Activity Using Ground-Based Instruments),Plasma Crystal (Dusty and Liquid
Plasma Crystals in Conditions of Microgravity),Plazmida (Transfer of
Molecules of DNA by Conjugation in Space Flight),PMT (Photocatalyst
Material Test),Pneumocard (Examination of the Influencing Factors of Space
Flight on Autonomic Regulation of Blood Circulation, Respiration and Cardiac
Contractile Function in Long Duration Space Flight),Poligen (Revealing
Genotypical Characteristics, Defining Individual Differences in Resistance of
Biological Oranisms to Factors of Long Duration Space Flight),RaDI-N
(RaDI-N),Rastenia (Growth and Development of Higher Plants through Multiple
Generations),Relaksatia (Processes of Relaxation in the Ultraviolet Band
Spectrum by High Velocity Interaction of Exhaust Products on
ISS),Repository (National Aeronautics and Space
Administration Biological Specimen Repository),Rusalka (Development of
Methods to Determine the Carbon Dioxide and Methane (Greehouse Gases) Content
in the Earths Atmosphere from On-Board
ISS),SEDA-AP (Space Environment Data Acquisition
Equipment - Attached Payload),Seiner (Development of Procedures of
Interactions of the Crew in the Russian Segment of
ISS and the State Fishery Committee During the Process
of Searching and Exploring Productive Fishing Regions in World
Oceans),SEITE (Shuttle Exhaust Ion Turbulence Experiments),SIMPLEX
(Shuttle Ionospheric Modification with Pulsed Localized Exhaust
Experiments),Sleep-Long (Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure During
Spaceflight-Long),Sleep-Short (Sleep-Wake Actigraphy and Light Exposure
During Spaceflight-Short),SMILES (Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave
Limb-Emission Sounder),SNFM (Serial Network Flow Monitor),SOLO (SOdium
LOading in Microgravity),Sonokard (Physiological Functions
(cardio-respiratory) of Humans Using Contactless Methods During Sleep in Long
Duration Space Flight),SpaceSeed (Life Cycles of Higher Plants Under
Microgravity Conditions),SPHERES (Synchronized Position Hold, Engage,
Reorient, Experimental Satellites),SPICE (Smoke Point In Co-flow
Experiment),Spin (Validation of Centrifugation as a Countermeasure for
Otolith Deconditioning During Spaceflight),Spinal Elongation (Spinal
Elongation and its Effects on Seated Height in a Microgravity
Environment),Sreda (Examination of the Features of IS as an Environment for
Conducting Research),SVS (CBC: Self-Propogating Hyperthermal Synthesis in
Space),SWAB (Surface, Water and Air Biocharacterization - A Comprehensive
Characterization of Microorganisms and Allergens in Spacecraft
Environment),Tipologia (Study of the Typological Characteristis of
ISS Crew Operators Activity at the Stages of Long Term
Space Flight),Tomatosphere-III (Tomatosphere-III),Try Zero-G (Try
Zero-Gravity),Uragan (Hurricane: Experimental Development of Groundbased
System of Monitoring and Predicting the Progression of a Naturally Occurring
Technogenic Catastrophe),VCAM (Vehicle Cabin Atmosphere
Monitor),Vektor-T (Study of a High Precision System for Prediction Motion
of
ISS),Visual Performance (Human Factors Assessment
of Vibration Effects on Visual Performance During Launch),VO2max
(Evaluation of Maximal Oxygen Uptake and Submaximal Estimates of VO2max Before,
During, and After Long Duration International Space Station
Missions),Vsplesk (Burst: Monitoring of Seismic Effects - Bursts of High
Energy Particles in Low Earth Space Region (Orbit)),Vzaimodeystviye
(Interactions: Monitoring of Space Crew Interactions During Extended Space
Flight),Zag (Ambiguous Tilt and Translation Motion Cues After Space
Flight),Zhenshen-2 (Study of the Development of Cell Cultures to Evaluate
the Possibily of Increasing Biological Activity).