Cryptography and secure sockets layer

Symmetric-key encryption is much faster than public-key encryption; however, public-key encryption provides better authentication techniques. The handshake allows the server to authenticate itself to the client by using public-key techniques, and then allows the client and the server to cooperate in the creation of symmetric keys used for rapid encryption, decryption, and tamper detection during the session that follows.

Optionally, the handshake also allows the client to authenticate itself to the server.

The client sends the server the client's SSL version number, cipher settings, session-specific data, and other information that the server needs to communicate with the client using SSL. The server sends the client the server's SSL version number, cipher settings, session-specific data, and other information that the client needs to communicate with the server over SSL.

The server also sends its own certificate, and if the client is requesting a server resource that requires client authentication, the server requests the client's certificate.

The client uses the information sent by the server to authenticate the server see Server Authentication for details.

If the server cannot be authenticated, the user is warned of the problem and informed that an encrypted and authenticated connection cannot be established. If the server can be successfully authenticated, the client proceeds to step 4.

Using all data generated in the handshake thus far, the client with the cooperation of the server, depending on the cipher being used creates the pre-master secret for the session, encrypts it with the server's public key obtained from the server's certificate, sent in step 2and then sends the encrypted pre-master secret to the server.

If the server has requested client authentication an optional step in the handshakethe client also signs another piece of data that is unique to this handshake and known by both the client and server. In this case, the client sends both the signed data and the client's own certificate to the server along with the encrypted pre-master secret.

If the server has requested client authentication, the server attempts to authenticate the client see Client Authentication for details. If the client cannot be authenticated, the session ends.

If the client can be successfully authenticated, the server uses its private key to decrypt the pre-master secret, and then performs a series of steps which the client also performs, starting from the same pre-master secret to generate the master secret.

Both the client and the server use the master secret to generate the session keys, which are symmetric keys used to encrypt and decrypt information exchanged during the SSL session and to verify its integrity that is, to detect any changes in the data between the time it was sent and the time it is received over the SSL connection.

The client sends a message to the server informing it that future messages from the client will be encrypted with the session key. It then sends a separate encrypted message indicating that the client portion of the handshake is finished. The server sends a message to the client informing it that future messages from the server will be encrypted with the session key.

It then sends a separate encrypted message indicating that the server portion of the handshake is finished. The SSL handshake is now complete and the session begins. The client and the server use the session keys to encrypt and decrypt the data they send to each other and to validate its integrity.

This is the normal operation condition of the secure channel. At any time, due to internal or external stimulus either automation or user interventioneither side may renegotiate the connection, in which case, the process repeats itself.SSL (Secure Sockets Layers) is a process that manages the security of transactions made on the Internet.

The SSL standard was developed by Netscape, together with Mastercard, Bank of America, MCI and Silicon Graphics. It is based on a public-key.

This link ensures that all data passed between the web server and browsers remain private and integral. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol developed by Netscape for transmitting private documents via the Internet. SSL uses a cryptographic system that uses two keys to encrypt data − a public key known to everyone and a private or secret key known only to the recipient of the message.

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) is a standard security protocol for establishing encrypted links between a web server and a browser in an online communication.

The usage of SSL technology ensures that all data transmitted between the web server and browser remains encrypted.