​For those of us working in public organizations, one of our most important professional responsibilities is to ensure that the funds and resources entrusted to us are utilized in a manner that serves the best interest of the public. Conflict of interest risk management is a critical part of this responsibility – but all too often, we see it as simply being compliant with rules and policies.

But, in the course of our work, we are inevitably confronted with challenging and nuanced situations for which these rules and policies do not always provide clear-cut solutions. When this occurs, what should we do? And what are the challenges and pitfalls we should be aware of when confronting these “gray areas?

]]>Sat, 28 Jul 2018 00:00:00 GMThttp://www.kokochanel.com/kokoteddy/operation-bobby-pin-2-hair-pin-dnaMeanwhile back in the lab at the The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) Atom is remembering​Operation Bobby Pin

]]>Sat, 30 Jun 2018 00:00:00 GMThttp://www.kokochanel.com/kokoteddy/the-5th-wave-of-originKoko: DadHope: iKoko welcome home to Zimbabwe, AfricaKoko: Thanks Dad Gift sample "for you from - iKoko" rare soil from there.Hope: Akeya Angelina did you bring the bring the key?Akeya: Yes I didHope: It is time form three to become one again. HAK - Justice League we are cops we give thanks for this turkey. We raise Cop with keys for reformation. Non Combat

Copyright Isabel M Cutter]]>Sun, 27 May 2018 00:00:00 GMThttp://www.kokochanel.com/kokoteddy/women-against-viruses-in-extant-virus-waveOdessa: I am daughter of the Nile may I enter your sanctuary?Akeya: I am the daughter of the Universe enter into the Lantern Corps blue lightOdessa: The world needs you again Akeya: The biogenic substance war. Lets splice some DNAKoko: Welcome back mum this a family parable now Akeya: Lets pick up your dad.Koko: General Senior, why? Akeya: The General is always right about soil samples."In fearful day, in raging night, with strong hearts full, our souls ignite! When all seems lost in the War of Light, look to the stars, for hope burns bright!" —

​Blue Lantern Corps oath"In fearful day, in raging night, with strong hearts full, our souls ignite! When all seems lost in the War of Light, look to the stars, for hope burns bright!" —Blue Lantern Corps oath

​Copyright Isabel M Cutter]]>Sun, 29 Apr 2018 00:00:00 GMThttp://www.kokochanel.com/kokoteddy/spring-waveFeel the breeze fresh as a daisy daily pressed juice, the beginning of the space era for mankind from Space Dust to flesh.12 April 1961 was the date of the first human space flight, carried out by Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet citizen. This historic event opened the way for space exploration for the benefit of all humanity. Today Groot the first tree in outer space. 13 November 1960. Spring wave the rebirth of the forests with the first tree in space the tree of life.

Groot3Jnr: Ink Me look at these lakes and ponds below USS Waterlily.USS Waterlily: Yes, Groot3Jnr look at them where they intertwin with the rivers and oceans.

Groot3Jnr: Why is that wave so big from the Ocean?USS Waterlily: The humans call that high tide and the small ones they call low tide.Groot3Jnr: Explain further please?

USS Enterprise NCC1701-1: As the moon’s gravity pulls away from the oceans Earth’s solid body pulls away from the ocean water on the opposite side creating high tide on both sides of the earth day and night.Groot3Jnr: It’s nearly sunrise.

USS Waterlily: Yes, look out at the window of the Spaceship and I will show you the time interval now of 12 hours 25.5 minutes the formation of high tide.Groot3Jnr: That is a big wall of water is a tidal wave.

USS Enterprise NCC1701-1: Now look outside my window the moon is also pulling the earth on the other side.Groot3Jnr: The sun and the moon are lining in a line.

USS Waterlily: This is called the alignment of the equinox line. They are at maximum range and climbing.Groot3Jnr: What does this mean

USS Waterlily: The is called the Spring Wave Tide.Koko Chanel: It’s spring wave the flowers are blooming.

Teddy Chanel: Surf wave, surf’s up finally to the sea forest.Groot3Jnr: Ink Me. What are all these colours in the ocean lakes and rivers.

Rachel Garrett : These are called chemical kinetics triggered by the activated force of the tide wave.Fredericks: We are at chemical equilibrium like Waterlily and Enterprise are at communication equilibrium of the telecoms screens.

Teddy Chanel: The fish will spawn, and the birds will lay eggs.Groot3Jnr: What are the smells?

USS Waterlily: The Kinetic chemicals also produce gas from the molecular motion which lead to Bears waking up from their naps to feed.Odessa Lotfia el-Nady: The moon phase Spring Neap Spring Neap.Roars of laughter fill the ships.

Xara Chanel: It’s called the Lunar cycle that changes weather.Lena Luthor: The Lunar Cycle is variable it changes the birth of stars and death of stars in our solar system and Universe solar systems.

Photovoltage Power Generator.Abnormal climate condition caused by atmospheric changes not changed the natural environment and threaten humanity and ecosystem, but also spreading to the social ads economic crisis. In the spring wave we have exploring renewable energy business model that fits to the changing environment and been doing so strategically since 2008. As result we have built and operated many photovoltaic power planets and through these experiences we are providing optimal solutions for various area such power plant SI (Synthetic intelligence)Solar plant Business EPC Business and Design power plant – procurement of materials – Build and construction – Solar Plant Maintenance Business – Report Problem – Identification of Problem – Notification Action – Confirmation of Action - Solar Power Plant System Operating & monitoring BusinessSell self developed solution (SMUF) - Provides operations service.

Robin Wade: The plants are part of the energy production and food farming cycle.Emily Shields-Chanel: Nature is a self-developing creation of God we adapt and work around it. Rebuilding it for Sustainable development in an ever-changing universe.

Odessa Lotfia el-Nady: The Spring wave is a renewable form of energy. A sell self-development solution.USS Waterlily: The ecosystems are changing.

Koko Chanel: Biogenetic vapours that form in the atmosphere from sulphur acid to form embryonic particles in the atmosphere.GrootJnr3: I am going to walk out right now under the cloud vapours as it showers down on to the forest. Ink Me after.

Teddy Chanel: Go ahead Groot.Odessa Lotfia el-Nady: Let me get the camera for the family album.

Roger "Airwave" Wilco: There he goes the third tree of life in Outer Space Rain showers. Today in world history.

]]>Sun, 11 Mar 2018 00:00:00 GMThttp://www.kokochanel.com/kokoteddy/tree-waveWe are now one by roots you have taught me "tree nuclear growth birth of seed." You are my Guardian. We began here at age 13 take me to ‘root’ lesson. Go to the stars with the USS Waterlily you have my blessings. Goodbye.

Koko: We began here at age 30 take me to the next root lesson.Guardian: Go to the stars with the ark you have my blessing with the "Tree of Life" Goodbye Jupiter be goodKoko: Goodbye GuardianThe guardian hands over a seed and pot with water. Guardian: Plant the seed.Koko Plants the seed and waters it in the presence of her guardian in the nuclear growth centre. Hours later the baby monitor goes off. " I am Groot Junior ink me like Paper I can talk now Word from motherboard tree book me in for duty Science not Silence breath me in ahh"Odessa: All aboard USS Waterlily 1895 ready for our next adventure

Available at all good book stores and retailers. Soon available on prepayment from all libraries - I am the Librarian Isabel M Cutter

Meanwhile LIVE from the viewing window in USS Waterlily

Koko: “LEO” incomingTeddy: A low earth orbit satellite, LEO.

Groot3Jnr: I am Groot Junior ink me like paper I can talk now, book club lessons.Odessa: It’s the Government Accountability Office.

Teddy: Is the command or service module team?Koko: It’s the Augustine Commission the Human Space Flight Committee plan.

Teddy: The Augustine Committee the same team.Groot3Jnr: The Forestry Commission may be on board with the Office of Science and Technology Process “Ink Me”.

Mainframe: Is the Telemedicine team on board. Our telecommunications post needs an update and minor upgrades.Wilco: The SAR Synthetic Radar Aperture processor also needs upgrades or new software with hardware.

Mainframe: Mam the children’s Space team is hailing from the USS Enterprise for Koko.Koko: Hello Admiral Junior Ender

Ender: Happy Mother’s Day mum.Koko: Ender thank you, why are you here? We are coming home tonight.

Ender: Morning General I am here to request your services the science Smart Defence Network with the Alliance for Peace Projects against radio activity.Koko: Yes I am available to assist you in your mission Son.

Ender: We are working on a molecular research program on Trees.Grout3Jnr: Look in the eyes Ender. You can have one branch no more. I am dropping them off like twigs Ink Me.

Ender: Thanks the sample twigs will make a great addition to our archives.Koko: The trees Admiral Odessa & Ender.

Odessa: The debriefing memorandum of articles is now of file. Ender, thank you for using DropBox under the Cooperation Science and Technology Act.

The Team move to the laboratory.Ender: The tree plantations we looking at are in the Memorandum.MemorandumThe Forestry, Wood, Pulp, paper Sector:-The forestry sector employees globally 13.7 Million of the world, the equivalent of 0.4% international labour force. Ten countries concentrate more than 60% of the total employment in the sectors in the forests of

African

Asian

American South

Europe

North America

Australia

Antarctica

Isolate island and Man-Made ones

Map layer treeThe IlvMapLayerTreeProperty class stores an IlvMapLayerTreeModel.This layer tree model controls the order and style inheritance of IlvMapLayer you add into your manager. This model is also persistent data that is saved when you save the map.​Adding a listener for tree structure changesAs the IlvMapLayerTreeProperty is also a named property of the manager, you can add a listener that is called whenever the entire tree structure is changed, for example:manager.addNamedPropertyListener(new NamedPropertyListener() { public void propertyChanged(NamedPropertyEvent event) { if (event.getPropertyName().equals(IlvMapLayerTreeProperty.NAME)) { IlvMapLayerTreeProperty p = (IlvMapLayerTreeProperty) event.getNewValue(); if (event.getType() == NamedPropertyEvent.PROPERTY_SET) { ...do something } } } });

Adding code to all layersIf your application needs to apply a piece of code to all layers, whatever their depth in the tree, you should call the getEnumeration method of the tree model, such as:Enumeration e = ltm.getEnumeration(); while(e.hasMoreElements()) { Object o = e.nextElement(); if(o instanceof IlvMapLayerTreeNode) { IlvMapLayer layer = (IlvMapLayer)((IlvMapLayerTreeNode)o).getUserObject(); ... act on the layer }​Source: docs.roguewave.com

Ender: The forests are endanger by the new virus from space GMO science activities.Koko: Please may I have the microscope and the tree samples for analysis.

Ender: Here are the samples within the tree wave code.Odessa: We are unable to control the new Species biologically without pesticides the trees are failing to adapt.

Koko: The evolution of the tree wave line took centuries, with mass Palm oil plantations the wind is immunising the natural rain forest adjacent to the plantation with the pesticides preventing natural adaption.Ender: What do you propose we do?

Rogers: Is this affecting the weather patterns.Koko: The topography of the tree wave condensation samples shows the increase of cyclones in irrigation areas.

Ender: We need to strike a balance between nature and the plantations. We wait for one year air sample analysis.Teddy: Launching the spectrometer now.

Emily: The slides of DNA show biological injunction under ultra violet light. Where it should glow green representing the M8 MtDNA the mitochondria have been attached to a bacterium in the chromatin the chloroplasts.Xara: The evolutionary walk through the forest with International Centre for Environment information. Happy Mother’s Day Ender picked me up. You get to March to your room and please May I have?

Koko: Thank you. Ender, a word after the meeting.Xara: There is a CMS Trojan in the tree wave its coming the cloud formation in meteor shows.Koko: Pandemic Preparedness report, allow me to write out the time table

Density AltitudeLJLive Journal of DNA knot cuts 1 Meter apart in tree heightExospherePontifex Maximus: Koko the tres are being replanted in pairs like a bible story two by two. I brought Ender and Xara for mother’s day in Noah’s Ark.Koko: Thank you for the children and tree Papa. You have sitting in that space USS Enterprise the whole time?

Pontifex Maximus: I like surprises. The branches a live one Groot please, so Ender can replicate your immunity.Ender: I have the desertification management meeting notes the agricultural project Pontifex Maximus: There will be order Training and Specialisation, is what I need.

Groot3Jnr: What he said Ink Me make me smarter my DNA can cure other trees and my tights a talking book for the Vatican Library water once a week. Ink Me.Ender: Thank you your holiness we will board the shuttle from USS Waterlily back into USS Enterprise. Xara hug mum an dad in order of my command.

Xara: See you soon General Koko and Air Marshal TeddyKoko: Thank you for coming for mother’s day.

Teddy: There is will be Order in this holy Universe. Good bye children.Pontifex Maximus: Goodbye, remember we the Vatican Foundation of the forests of God’s creation. Where there are trees there is rain the cyclone the water of life for people of God. The Sahel project. Peace be with you.

Koko: Peace be with you.Odessa: Thank you peace be with you.​Ready or not 11th of March 2018 Are ready for this? Spring Wave April 2018 I am Kord God of Suel god of Athletics, Sports, Storms, Brawling, Strength, and Courage we march to the trees. ​Copyright Isabel M Cutter

]]>Sun, 11 Feb 2018 00:00:00 GMThttp://www.kokochanel.com/kokoteddy/series-10-from-stardust-to-flesh-part-1-wave-sneezeInternational Day of Women and Girls in Science 11 February 2018

The slinky a spring attached to a wall the sneeze wave catapult. We hope you enjoyed the ride.

Welcome the space program.

The release of the spring using force

Number of oscillations from spring TimeOr​Change in momentumForce x Time

Creates velocity = distance and time the sneeze wave can carry object. Now imagine the mechanism of sneeze velocity the throat is the spring carrying mucus up the body into the nose, “Bless you”.

V=d/tV= √FTµ

Flashback Reality IMCUTTERUNSpace vacuum machine launches in orbit with final landing coordinates after collections of space 10/06/17 22:51 Earth gravitational pull angle is adjusted by satellites to keep space alignment with the moon. Maintain asteroid defence as humans not AI 23/11/17 my reality Space Admiral Isabel M Cutter Now for my faith in the unseen​Koko: The Procedure is simple we use the sneeze wave to transfer the micro space dust to the space centre containment area of analysis, for project stardust return sample.Teddy: The vacuum cleaner will collect all the metal in orbit from the failed space launches and broken satellites.

Koko: The safety checks must be run on the space dust based on the micro-bonds.Odessa: What is the purpose of this exercise?

Koko: The quantum force bond is a concentration of particles. The earth we could an explode through sneeze wave in our atmosphere a transverse reaction an internal sneeze called nuclear power fusion.Ranybow: Sounds like my babysitting days in the bomb squad the wash and dry suit. Then through the spectrometer test. I accept my challenge to sweep the space centre and perimeter as we move the international space centre.

Koko: Grrirlfriend has got this on the level to level aka the floor to floor on the International elevator.Teddy: The wind speed is rotating inwards to keep the earth intact equal the opposite and equal reaction according Isaac Newton. Sppare me the cheerleading routine. I am going to gymnasium at the Winter Olympics to talk real men science with real WoMen.

Odessa: Good luck Teddy the earth velocity is now 29899mph real time speed RTS.Koko: We need to deploy the space crane to analyse the space dust.

Odessa: The chemical composition of the comet wild “3”Teddy: Keep talking I can hear you on the communications. Its ice cold here in Korea.

Koko: Channel the rage snowboard to glory for the space team.Teddy: Your Theo has the space edge now. Ready or not 11th of february 2018 ? Are you ready for this?Odessa: Back to work ladies

Theodore aka Teddy Chanel at the Winter Olympics : Pyeongchang County, South Korea

Flashback reality IMCUTTERUN 6/2/18%s SID2018 Unix Time UTC coordinator reflection timestamp manual reflections on the computer security. Compression to operation system flashing code HPR song of the day for the record I did not touch my phone or the dictator. Falcon heavy launch we did it. Microarchitures microeconomics execution of units to remove emulator interfaces Data General piano interface sequence ends in space Floating point FPU Visualization of security. Monitor defragmentation of time in space Falcon space burps micro analysisga (“set dimension 1)ga (“set dimension 2) repeat set.1D, 2D, 3D, 4D

Mainframe: The principles to investigate the materials are still in set dimension testing.Koko: Eject the capsule into the atmosphere collect the interstellar dust.

Ranybow: The magnetic elements will be pulled into a separate part of the vacuum like a sneeze wave through the filter.Odessa: Adding liquid filter container, the nanomatter filter. Light filter camera to see how space separates in the space centre laboratory. The Virus spectrometer reader for WHO samples is now on line.

Odessa: Launch is at slinky speed ready for 185km/hourKoko: Play the sound gun in the capsule.

Ranybow: Three trajectory corrections avoid the area with explosive matter launch the space capsule sanctions in outer space notifying satellites at ITU one their telecoms satellites has exploded.Koko: Increase speed of capsule begin the timer to pull out in 30 minutes.After 30 minutes of vacuuming behind the micro comet as it enters inner space. The team cannot stop micro virus from outer space.​Odessa: Testing range for the commercial fleet to Mars.Koko: Conduct final teleconference for re-entry prepare the space capsule prepare the space crane to catch it the cutie manoeuvre samples for Mars Colony.Tum Dum Dum particle analysis until next time drink boiled water to flush out all viruses use the pot wash daily.

Koko: Proxy 7 distress signalTeddy: Release the dolphin pods (beep beep beep) beacon is now onlineOdessa: Not so fast call the dolphins back I need to put them on the family tracker plan by satellite

The whole command centre giggles

Koko: NASA this is USS Waterlily do you copyNASA: This is the international space centre we copy. Is the daughter of the Nile Odessa on board?Koko: Yes but this is the daughter of the Seven Hills of Rome. Please may you track beacons Dolphin Echo 493245 Dolphin Hugh 497254 the pod is going today the rest will be tracked by USS waterlily.

Odessa: This Admiral White and Blue Nile we have the dolphins ready for the merge searchNASA: In three two one release the pod.Teddy: Drinks?Koko: Yes please milkachino

Teddy: One drop to two drops of milk in your hot water.Koko: Triple drop please the TKO triple knock out team Teddy, Koko & Odessa.Teddy leaves the room and the girls continue to monitor the pod chattingOdessa: Africa is industrialising at a fast pace.

Koko: Are you concerned?Odessa: A little concerned they are adopting culture to bond with the around the technology they Africanising not Westernizing the environment.Teddy: Robin how nice of you to join us at the helm. Can you check on the geolocation of the dolphins the frequency belongs to NASA?

Robin: US coast guard has responded the pod is showing up on their radar as the oceanographer on the team Odessa will continue to command the helm.Teddy: The operation research report is very vague. The report is blacked out in some of the places. We do not know who we are rescuing.Odessa: Debriefing is not necessary hold the report under the light Teddy it’s the original and please keep the details to yourself.

Teddy: My God we are rescuing the scientists from Koko’s Project.Odessa: Teddy now Koko had to take her anxiety pill thanks! You are now seat two on the mission.Koko: Which science project I have so many on the go?

Odessa: Need to know. Steer 3 nautical miles to the north Robin.Robin: Yes mamKoko starts talking about random projects trying to get a clue.Koko: The feed the volcano project is going really well, new ores being mined daily from the job creation of mining the live inferno. The asteroid team from the space centre is maintaining the core temperature of the earth.

Teddy: Not that team the plankton team is trapped under ice and they need the dolphin pod to deliver oxygen so they can swim back to the surface.Odessa: The dolphins are behaving and swimming in sporadic manner.Koko: Let me check all the maritime boats are in the area. They may have a replica signal.

Odessa: Robin can you reach the coast gun again via NASA requests all fleets maintain radio silence.Robin: Yes mam the United Nations squadrons are tuning into another frequency internationally.Odessa: Good job team.

Teddy: The pod now swimming in a straight line.Odessa: NASA this is Nile Blue & White Preparing the drone submarine to dive deeper.NASA: Copy that.Odessa: Robin radio the coast guard to prepare the surface team for the rescue.

NASA: USS Waterlily this is NASA have you located the team they have Proxy 7 approximately 7 hours of oxygenOdessa: This is the admiral we have found the submarine sandwich.NASA: Are you able to pull them back up with assistance of Coast Guard.

Odessa: That will not be necessary Wilco & Wade team WW are on the surface with the hovercraft. This is a good training exercise for team. They have launched the magnetic chains on to submarine. The dolphins have started to swim back to surface for air the video feed is live.

Wade: We have received contact everyone is alive.Wilco: The impulse from the drone submarine is maintain the ice shelf from collapsing as will pull them up.Odessa: Coast guard clear 25 miles radius of the surface fleet.

Coast Guard: Moving to secure perimeterKoko: Wade Wilco pull you back into the space ship prepare to board.Submarine Voyager: We have cleared the ice. Thank you for rescuing us. The ice shelf is holding and is not collapsing.​Odessa: NASA radio the United Nations Mission Complete.NASA: Odessa congratulations on your first Mission as AdmiralUNOOSA: See you 8am Director General Koko. Maintain Discipline. Odessa, Merry Christmas.

Protocol Stardust: A Mission With Many Scientific SurprisesArticle Begins 4th of January 2018

​Dr. Don Brownlee Stardust Principal Investigator October 29, 2009

The primary goal of the Stardust mission was to collect samples of a comet and return them to Earth for laboratory analysis. Comets are ancient bodies of frozen ice and dust that formed beyond the orbit of the most distant planet. They were expected to contain materials that the solar system formed from, preserved in ice for billions of years. When the international team of 200 scientists began examination of the returned particles, we found that the particles were indeed ancient building blocks of the solar system but the nature and origin of the particles was quite unexpected. Before the mission, there were very good reasons to believe that we knew what comets would be made of and there was a general expectation was that the particles collected from comet Wild 2 would be mainly be dust that formed around other stars, dust that was older than the Sun. Such particles are called stardust or pre-solar grains and this was the main reason why the mission was named Stardust.

What we found was remarkable! Instead of rocky materials that formed around previous generations of stars we found that most of the comet's rocky matter formed inside our solar system at extremely high temperature. In great contrast to its ice, our comet's rocky material had formed under white-hot conditions. Even though we confirmed Comets are ancient bodies with an abundance of ice, some of which formed a few tens of degrees above absolute zero at the edge of the solar system, we now know that comets are really a mix of materials made by conditions of both "fire and ice". Comet ice formed in cold regions beyond the planet Neptune but the rocks, probably the bulk of any comet's mass, formed much closer to the Sun in regions hot enough to evaporate bricks. The materials that we collected from comet Wild 2 do contain pre-solar "stardust" grains, identified on the basis of their unusual isotopic composition, but these grains are very, very rare.

Among the high temperature materials some are already well known components of primitive meteorites; rocks from asteroids that formed between Mars and Jupiter. These include odd rounded particles called chondrules and white irregular particles known as Calcium Aluminum Inclusions (CAIs). Chondrules are the dominant material in many primitive meteorites and they are rounded droplets of rocks that melted and then quickly cooled as they orbited the Sun. CAIs are much rarer than chondrules and are distinguished by their unusual chemical and isotopic composition. They are also the oldest solar system materials and are composed of exotic minerals that form at the very high temperature.

It was very exciting to find that pieces of CAIs and chondrules in the comet and the scientific implications of this are profound. When we first presented the discovery of comet CAIs at the annual Lunar and Planetary Science conference, just three months after Stardust landed, you could see jaws drop in the room crowded with 600 scientists. It was just phenomenal to discover something this profound, right in the beginning of the analysis program. The discovery of chondrules and CAIs proves that matter abundantly formed in the inner solar system was somehow transported to the edge of the young solar system where comets formed. There are some theories that suggest that CAI's formed just a few radii from the surface of the Sun, 4.567 billion years ago. The finding that inner solar system materials, formed at very high temperature, were transported all the way to the edge of the Solar System to the region where Pluto is one of the major scientific findings of Stardust. In other words, instead of being dominated by particles formed around other stars, our comet's rocks were predominantly formed close to the Sun. Thus, these comet sample studies have provided a direct look at the nature and origin of the building blocks of planets, materials that were sprayed all over the young solar system and must have been incorporated into all planets and moons.

Stardust also had variety of other surprises. One of the most unexpected was the 2009 discovery of the amino acid glycine by a team of scientists from the Goddard Space Flight center. While perhaps not totally unexpected that a comet would contain amino acids it was unexpected that this molecule could be detected in the tiny particles that were collected at such high speed (six times the speed of a rifle bullet!). It was quite a technical triumph to develop the methods that made the detection possible and incorporated the use of isotopic composition to prove the glycine was not a contaminant from our own planet. The significance of this discovery is that comets must have delivered at least one amino acid to our planet before it had life. Because most stars have comets it suggests that all Earth-like planets obtain important pre-biotic molecules from space.

Another surprise from the 2004 comet flyby came when we flew through the dust escaping the comet. It had been expected that the impact rate of particles on the spacecraft would increase with time, reach a peak, and then decline as the comet nucleus disappeared "in the rear view mirror". Instead, the rate of impact rate changed in spurts, probably caused by entering and exiting "jets" of dust flowing off the nucleus and also the breakup of "cometary dirt clods" as they drifted away from the nucleus and lost ice that had served as glue to hold them together.

But the biggest surprise discovered during the flyby came with the comet images (72 taken during the pass). The camera team, led by JPL's longtime comet expert, Ray Newburn, had expected that the comet would be a rather bland object looking somewhat like a black potato. What we saw, even in the very first picture sent back, was quite dramatic. We saw kilometer-sized deep holes bounded by vertical and even overhanging cliffs; flat topped hills surrounded by cliffs; spiky pinnacles hundreds of meters tall, pointed skyward: in addition to the numerous jets of dust and gas escaping into space. Two of the dust jets came from the comet's night side, a region that was expected to be inactive because if its lack of heating by sunlight. What we did not see in the images were impact craters, such those found on the Moon, Mars and practically every other surface exposed to space. The lack of impact craters indicates the surface is new, the old cratered surface is gone. The astounding thing is that the surface of Wild 2 is very different from the surfaces of any other asteroids and comets that have been imaged by spacecraft. It is much rougher, much more dramatic and it clearly is not the bland body that we expected it to be.

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