Year 1 Semester 1
Time required
4 hours to include monitoring and feedback on writing, reading, speaking and comprehension

Terminology area
Known: parts of the body; range of adjectives for description
Unfamiliar: police specialised terminology for description purposes

Objectives:
Introduce the topic as a highly-important element of modern policing, requiring a high level of
accuracy and responsibility.
Familiarise learners with new specialist terminology and reinforce other core items regarding the
issue of descriptions.
Introduce learners through activities to various patterns of classroom interaction

¾ Activity 1
Focus on speaking. Get students involved in discussing the need for accuracy and detail. Lay
stress on the idea of developing their skills in description which will mean articulating their
observations, not merely learning expressions passively.

Use visual materials from textbooks, magazine pictures of prominent (and unknown) people. Try
to make the students see these as serious activities.

When describing their colleagues, the teacher should monitorthe pair work and intervene when
necessary.

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English for Modern Policing

¾ Activity 2 Developing Language
This is an exercise which reinforces the idea of accuracy and completeness. Although, these are
general urles, the teacher should warn against over-rigidity. It is better to get a full description
which is meaningful than one that is trying to follow “rules”. Encourage paraphrase and re-
phrasing. Draw the students’ attention to - ish with the meaning of “ not so …” e.g. longish,
reddish etc.
a) short straight grey hair
b) large round brown eyes
c) long grey woollen sweater
d) short floral silk dress
e) short-sleeved striped cotton blouse
f) four-door dark blue saloon (dark blue four-door saloon)

¾ Activity 3
Encourage the students to suggest alternatives if appropriate.

The witness to the incident told the investigating officer/ the officer in charge of the
investigation that he saw/had seen the man who fired two shots at the victim. He described the
suspect as follows:
“The suspect was a white man of medium height , aged approximately 30/ approximately
30 years of age. He had short dark hair and a moustache. He was wearing a light coloured T-shirt
and black trousers. After the attack he got into a white Japanese car, I think, and drove off from
the scene at high speed. That’s all I can remember.”

# Exercise 2
Give consideration to alternative answers wherever applicable.
Do not be satisfied with merely getting the right answers.. Re-read the correct version or ask
students to do the full text in pairs
1. locating 2. wanted 3. building up 4. given 5. mugshots
6. to fit/match 7. description 8. armed 9. dangerous.

# Exercise 3
Ideally, this should be done in pairs with a brief round-up at the end.
Investigate crimes;
Conduct - a crime scene examination
- an investigation
- an identification parade

# Exercise 4 Put in the Correct Prepositions
Again, ask students to work together to solve this exercise. Do not be satisfied with merely
getting the correct answers. Make sure students are happy with the choice of prepositions.
1. of 2. of 3. on 4. of 5. in 6. to
7. of 8. with 9. of 10.in 11. from 12. in
13. from 14. in 15. on 16. in 17. in 18. to
19. of 20. from 21. at 22. in 23. for 24. to

Encourage students to put the information into the Police report form

¾ Activity 7 Missing Father and Son

Listening
As with all listening activities, there should be a pre-listening focus, however brief. This could be
in the form of
“Why would a father and baby son be the subject of a police missing persons report or an APB –
All Points Bulletin?”
1. 15 months old ( N.B. He is a fifteen-month old child)
2. August 3rd
3. the welfare of the youngster
4. 5ft. 11in. tall ( “ .. five feet eleven inches tall” )
5. distinctive mole on his right cheek
6. white T-shirt and blue and white striped dungarees
7. white Renault Master hire van or Simon’s red Vauxhall Cavalier
8. in shopping centres, other public places, ports and airports
9. scuba diving
10. contact officers, family or friends (to let them know they’re OK)
N.B. The request to the father to contact the police or family is repeated.

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Listening Transcript Missing Father and Son
Havant detectives are keen to trace a man who snatched his 15-month-old son from his estranged
wife. The pair have now been missing since August 3rd. Simon Price, 34, failed to return his young
son, also called Simon, after collecting him for an afternoon visit from his home in Havant.

Police say their prime concern is for the welfare of the youngster and have urged his father to
contact officers, family or friends to let them know he and his son are safe and well.

His son is described as:
• White
• Blond hair
• Last seen wearing a white T-shirt and blue and white striped dungarees.

The pair could be travelling in a white Renault Master hire van, registration number W945 MCD with
Thrifty Car Rental painted in blue along the side, which has not been returned to the hire company.

They could also be using Simon’s red Vauxhall Cavalier, registration number H906 EWD which
has not been traced.

There have been no positive sightings of the pair since they were circulated as missing and it is
believed that Simon could have been planning to leave the country with his son.

Eye-catching posters have also been issued featuring colour photographs of the pair and carry the
phone number for Havant police station, where officers are co-ordinating the investigation into
their whereabouts. Officers have displayed the posters in Havant shopping centre and other
public places as well as ports and airports.
Simon is a keen scuba diver and police want holidays makers leaving or returning to this country
to take a good look at his and young Simon’s photographs in case they recognise them while
they are away or believe they have already spotted them when abroad.

Police say their prime concern is for the welfare of the youngsters and urge his father to contact
officers, family or friends to let them know he and his son are safe and well.

¾ Activity 8 Translation
POLICEMAN KILLED BY MACHINE GUN IN TIMISOARA

A policeman was killed by machine gun and another hit by a car while pursuing a stolen vehicle.
It is the first time that thieves confronted by authorities have used a machine gun

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UNIT 1 – Descriptions

On Sunday, March 4, 2000, at dawn (In the early hours of/ on March 4, 2000 at day break) a
policeman in Timisoara was killed by machine gun shots while pursuing a stolen vehicle.
Another policeman engaged in the pursuit was hit/struck by a car . On Saturday evening the
police in Timisoara were informed that a Mercedes vehicle had been stolen from a street in the
town. (a Mercedes was reported stolen from …/ it was reported to the police that a M. vehicle
had been stolen). The vehicle was put on local surveillance and shortly after identified by a
mobile police patrol (On the local wanted list, the vehicle was identified in a short time…) who
signalled the driver to stop the car. The person behind the wheel initially cut his speed (reduced
speed) but afterwards ran straight into Ioan Mateescu, one of the warrant officers, throwing him
2 m. farther away on the road.

The other officer (… member of the patrol team ) warrant officer Sasa Disici, got into his own
car and drove off in pursuit. He called his wounded/injured partner by phone, telling him that
there were three people in the chased car who had started firing at him with a machine gun.
„They’re using a machine gun. I’m being riddled with bullets!” - these were his last words.
Mateescu set off in search of his colleague/partner whom he found shot in the chest, his duty gun
in his left hand, lying by the side of the road.
The police have built up a picture of one of the men involved in the killing of a police officer in
the line of duty (while performing his lawful duties). They say he has long dark hair, oval face,
long nose, large brown eyes and narrow forehead. Police think the man is about 30 years old ,
approximately 1.80m tall , wearing (dressed in) a brown leather coat.

¾ Activity 9
Although the pictures are not so clear, there are enough points to be observed.

Example (ideal) description
She is about 25-30. She has long (unkempt) rather untidy) blonde hair, probably dyed. She has a
pale complexion, large eyes and a longish pointed nose. She does not wear glasses.

He is around 40-45, has a round face with prominent (sticking-out) ears. He is virtually bald but
has some hair at the sides but his forehead is very high (but he has a very high forehead)
He is wearing a round-necked jacket without a collar. (collar-less jacket)

¾ Activity 10
This is a relatively easy exercise but should be done by students in pairs before checking in class.

1. He has long brown hair. 6. He has a tattoo on his right forearm
2. She has a fresh complexion. 7. The suspect was casually dressed
3. He is of average height. 8. He is known to associate with drug addicts
4. She has dark brown dyed hair. 9. The suspect uses heavy make-up
5. He has blue eyes. 10. He is a white European

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UNIT 2

CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

METHODOLOGY AND KEY TO EXERCISES AND ACTIVITIES

Year 1 Semester 1
Time required
4 – 6 hours to include monitoring and feedback on writing, reading, speaking and comprehension

Terminology area
Known: Some general awareness of legal and judicial language
Unfamiliar: specialised terminology for crime, criminals, punishments

Objectives:
Introduce the topic as a highly important element of modern policing, requiring a high level of
accuracy and responsibility.
Familiarise learners with new specialist terminology and reinforce other core items regarding
perceptions of the criminal, crime and retribution in society.
Introduce learners through activities to various patterns of classroom interaction, putting
emphasis on role-play and free speaking

There is a lot of general discussion in the early part of this unit.
It is obvious that most students (in the early phase of their studies) will only have an approximate
idea about many English definitions and terminology. It is NOT important for students to learn
everything. They are NOT students of English law and as a teacher of English, you are not
expected to provide learners with legal background. The activities help students to practice the
language of the law and to use the terminology correctly.

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UNIT 2 – Crime and Punishment

Even a word such as “theft” has legal connotations and a word such as “mugger” has none!
“Shoplifting” is not a legal definition. So, always keep this in mind!
Similarly, the exercises in the unit allow students to practice the “general” language of
describing legal procedures. This is reinforced in UNIT 4.

Some notes to help teachers.
These can be used to stimulate discussion if it ‘drags” a little. They are not meant as
dictation practice!
A crime is an offence punishable in a criminal court.
Not all offences are crimes. English law divides offences into “arrestable” and ‘non-arrestable”
offences. Another division is into “indictable” and “non-indictable” offences. Sometimes the
word “summary” is found in English law to describe the legal procedure for less serious cases
(“summary or non-indictable” offences) which will be dealt with by a magistrate in a
Magistrate’s Court. There may be no exact Romanian parallels with these divisions

In American law, Misdemeanors are less serious offences. Felonies are serious offences. A
felony is a crime that is punishable by imprisonment for longer than one year. A misdemeanor is
a crime that is punishable by imprisonment for a year or less.

One way to combat crime would be to provide more job opportunities for the poor and unemployed.
The result of this would be the eradication of poverty, which is a major cause of crime.

Furthermore, if the prison sentences received for certain crimes were made longer, it would (or
might) make criminals afraid of the consequences of being caught. This is the so-called
“deterrent” effect. However, the rising statistics for crimes such as burglary, stealing mobile
phones (‘theft”) and robbery suggest that there is no direct correlation between severity of
punishment and falling crime figures.

It would certainly be a good idea if police patrols were increased in high crime areas, especially
at night. Immediate police presence will often discourage criminals.
Establishing recreational facilities, such as sports centres, would keep idle youths off the streets
and away from the temptation of committing crime.

¾ Activity 6 Crimes Against the Person
Assault is acting in such a way as to make someone believe he or she will be hurt.
Battery is the actual hitting or kicking of someone.
Homicide – the killing of one human being by another – is the most serious of all acts.
Homicides may be either non-criminal or criminal.
Some homicides are not crimes at all. Non-criminal homicide is a killing that is justifiable or
excusable and for which the killer is deemed faultless, such as the killing of an enemy soldier in
wartime, the killing of a condemned criminal by an executioner, the killing by a police officer of
a person who is committing a serious crime and who poses a threat of death or serious harm, and
killing in self-defence.
Murder, the most serious form of criminal homicide, is a killing that is done with malice, i.e.
with intent to kill or seriously harm. To reduce the punishment for less grievous homicides, most
states now have statutes that classify murder according to the killer’s state of mind or the
circumstances surrounding the crime.
First-degree murder is a killing that is premeditated, deliberate and done with malice.
Second-degree murder is a killing that is done with malice but without premeditation (i.e., the
intent to kill did not exist until just before the murder itself).
Voluntary manslaughter is an intentional killing committed under circumstances that mitigate
(lessen), but do not justify or excuse the killing. Manslaughter is based on the idea that even “the
reasonable person” may lose self-control and act rashly if sufficiently provoked.
Involuntary manslaughter is an unintentional killing resulting from conduct so reckless that it
causes extreme danger of death or bodily injury. An example would be a killing that results from
playing with a gun known to be loaded.
Grievous Bodily Harm (GBH) is causing serious physical harm to another person with intent. It
constitutes “ assault and battery” both of which are separate offences, the former involving
threatening bodily harm to another person and the latter actually carrying out the threat and
causing physical harm to that person. Words alone do not constitute assault, but holding an
umbrella in an aggressive way and shouting at someone probably does!
Slander is saying something which provenly damages someone’s character. When such a
statement is written, published or broadcast, it is called a libel. Technically these are not criminal
offences and civil action for “defamation of character” is required. There have been cases in
England of criminal libel where it was claimed that the person spreading the libel had done so
with what was, in fact, criminal intent. This is a difficult thing to prove and although the
Defamation Act (1996) makes it easier for those defamed to take action, generally these
proceedings take place in civil courts.
Abduction in English law relates to the taking away of a minor (under 16) and is a different
crime than the common-law crime of kidnapping and very different from hostage taking.

Crime
Crime in both Britain and USA is a cause of constant and serious concern, and increasing
attention is being paid to methods of preventing it.
The majority of crime is directed against property, with car theft accounting for a quarter of all
crimes, and in Britain local crime prevention panels operate in conjunction with the police to
discuss ways of tackling this type of crime. Methods include marking valuable goods and
equipment and installing security devices such as burglar alarms. The setting-up of
‘Neighbourhood Watch’ schemes has been a practical move towards the prevention of break-ins
and thefts form private houses, and in 1988 and independent crime prevention organization,
Crime Concern, was established to encourage further schemes of this type. The risk of burglary
is ten times higher in inner city areas than in rural areas.
In the USA there has been a marked rise in violent crime among young people, with murder,
rape and assault all on the increase. In both countries there have been incidents of mass
shootings, which have resulted in a review of the regulations controlling the purchase of
firearms.
A different sort of offence, also increasingly frequent, is ‘drinking and driving’. Government
‘drink-drive’ campaigns have been mounted, with some success, and police have introduced such
measures as breath tests to combat the problem, which is especially acute during the Christmas
holiday period.
In Britain, the police have not always effectively combated the problem of racial violence. There
continue to be incidents of assault on members of ethnic minority groups, either by direct
harassment in their homes or by acts of vandalism in shops run by them. A similar situation
exists in the USA, where there have been cases of racial harassment on college campuses and of
the mailing of letter bombs.

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¾ Activty 10 (suggested answers – for discussion)
Four bodies have been found in a Camden County house; six people have been arrested in a drug
raid nearby
The student kidnap case against a bus driver is on hold pending a mental review
Two people have been arrested for the slaying of a woman
The search is on for the gunman in the triple killing
A robbery suspect has taken hostages at a Californian bank
A gunman kills two men ; A mother an unborn baby are shot
(Newspaper) Articles are hurting the search for Yates’ Jurors
Will it be life or death for the killer of the Deputy?
Five people have been killed in the murder or suicide incident

¾ Activity 11 QUIZ
• true
• sharp instrument – available in the home; “strangulation” gives the perpetrator time to think
again, especially in family violence cases
• most likely: a friend or acquaintance
least likely: a stranger
highly improbable: a terrorist
• false- although frequently associated with “housewives” and “ confused, little old ladies” it
is more committed by gangs of pre-teen or teenage boys

¾ Activity 12 Sentences
1. life in prison without parole. 2. 15 years in prison.
3. 15 years in prison 4. 18 years in prison
5. the death penalty 6. 12 years
7. nine years 8. 1,500 years in prison
9. three years in jail

¾ Activity 19
If you are convicted of: The maximum penalty is:
Causing death by careless driving whilst under 10 years imprisonment and banned for at least 2 years
the influence of drink or drugs
Driving or attempting to drive whilst above the
6 months imprisonment plus a fine of £5,000 and
legal limit or unfit through drink banned for at least 12 months (3 years if you’re
convicted twice in 10 years)
In charge of a vehicle whilst above the legal 3 months imprisonment plus a fine of £2,500 and a
limit or unfit through drink ban
Refusing to provide a specimen 6 months imprisonment plus a fine of £5,000 and
banned for at least 12 months

Son of Sam (Parts 1, 2 and 3)
This reading text is rather long. It is suggested that the text should be given (with the activity) as
a homework task. The whole text can then be read through in class and the discussion points
considered in detail.
a b c d e f g h i j k l
4 3 10 7 8 1 12 11 2 6 9 5

¾ Activity 21
1. To be alleged to have killed someone
2. To break a law
3 To be arrested for stealing a diamond ring
4 To be convicted of theft
5 To commit a crime or an offence
6 To go on the run
7 To have a criminal record
8 To restrain a violent suspect
9 To serve a sentence
10 To be sought for questioning

¾ Activity 22
(Suggestions)
1. has been convicted of theft / has a criminal record
2. are breaking the law
3. alleged to have killed someone / gone on the run
4. have just restrained a violent suspect
5. is being sought for questioning
6. committed a crime / has been serving the sentence
7. was arrested for stealing a diamond ring

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¾ Activity 23
1 a buyer of stolen property = a fence
2 a lawyer = a brief
3 a person who is easily deceived = a mug
4 a prison guard = a screw
5 a trick = a scam
6 an informer = a nark
7 in prison = inside
8 stolen = hot
9 to arrest = to nick
10 to hold up, to rob using weapons = to blag
11. to inform the police = to grass

Objectives
Introduce the problems and encourage expression of personal opinions.
Encourage discussion based on professional expertise/ good police conduct related to the steps to
be taken during an investigation
Raise awareness of the police professionalism required

# Exercise 1: The Principles of Police Investigations
Do not be satisfied with merely getting the correct answers. The content matter is important, too.
Therefore the exercise should be done in pairs and then checked as a class.
1. of 2. to 3. in 4. of 5. at
6. in (during) 7. on (at) 8. to 9. of

# Exercise 2: Interviews ands Interrogations
Again, do not be satisfied with merely getting the correct answers. This text has a clear Human
Rights focus and should be taken as a whole after the exercise has been done.
1. presumed 2. subjected 3. exerted 4. prohibited
5. treated 6. exercised 7. compelled
8. conducted 9. permitted

Reading Text: “Operation Magician”
Use the pre-reading activity.
Keep the reading text as an active exercise. Use the inter-spaced questions to break up the rather
long text and encourage discussion about the procedures during the operation.
If given as a homework activity, encourage students to write down their thoughts in answer to
the questions/discussion points.

to detect a crime (IO), to report a crime(V) (W) (O), to commit a crime(O), to catch a
criminal(IO), to arrest a suspect(IO), to interrogate(IO), to make a confession(O), to break
the law(O), to put an APB on a criminal(CPS), to take into custody(IO), to browse a mug
book(V) (W), to gather evidence(IO), to prosecute (CPS), to send to prison (C), to handcuff
a suspect(IO), to commit to trial(CPS), to send to court(CPS), to take a statement(IO), to
give a statement(V) (W) (O), to release on parole(CPS), to release on probation(CPS), to
plead guilty(O), to charge(CPS), to execute a search warrant(IO), to press charges(V)
(CPS), to drop charges(V) (CPS), to issue an warrant(CPS), to be on call(IO), to perpetrate
a crime(O), to conduct a crime scene examination(IO), to report to duty(IO), to follow a
lead(IO), to shadow a suspect(IO), to apprehend a criminal(IO), to be served with a
subpoena(W), to admit an offence(O), to perform a ballistics match(IO), to resort to the
polygraph(IO), to conceal facts(V) (O) (W), to combat crime(IO) (CPS) (C), to conduct an
interview(IO), to exercise their right to silence(O), to elicit information from a suspect(IO),
to deny involvement(O), to establish the identity of a suspect(IO), to withhold
information(V) (W) (O), to request legal advice(O), to locate a crime(IO), to check an
alibi(IO), to do the fingerprints’ match(IO), to handle exhibits and evidence(IO), to obtain
a confession(IO), to record an interview(IO), to prove an offence(IO)(CPS), to caution a
suspect(IO), to act in cahoots with somebody(O), to view an identification parade(V) (W),
to accuse(CPS), to carry out an intimate search(IO), to detain a suspect(IO), to witness an
offence(W) , to have the power to stop and search(IO), to be assigned to a case(IO), to be
put on a case(IO), to question a suspect(IO), to pass a sentence(C), to be under
subpoena(W), to do a positive ID on somebody(V), to violate the law(O), to find guilty on
all counts(C), to find guilty as charged(C), to bring charges against(CPS), to invalidate a
confession(C), to dismiss a case(C), to hear a case(C), to disclose evidence(IO), to arrest in
anticipation of violent behaviour(IO), to reach a verdict(C), to return a verdict(C), to sign a
restraining order(CPS), to institute criminal proceedings(CPS), to testify(W), to arrest on
suspicion of murder(IO)

Other “statuses” might be “trustee” (slang for prisoner who works openly with prison officers)
“parolee” (prisoner on parole) and possibly, “dischargee”.
Students should be warned about adding –ee to words in English. It doesn’t always work! Those
underlined are non-standard forms.

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# Exercise 6
1. The confession may be unreliable.
2. The action employed by the police may have been unfair.
3. The interviewing officers can’t have bullied the suspect.
4. The judge may direct the jury to ignore the evidence.
5. The defendant must have been drinking with the victim on the night of the mugging.
6. The judge must have taken into consideration the defendant’s mental condition when passing
such a light sentence.
7. The defendant may have benefited from mitigating circumstances.
8. The suspect must have had previous experience of being interviewed at a police station.
9. The police may have made more limited disclosure of evidence than is normal.
10. The witness couldn’t have seen as much as he claimed he had / (to have seen).

# Exercise 7
When (1) investigating crime, the police choose between reactive and proactive policing. The
reactive approach involving the police in (2) responding to public calls for help. It has the
advantages that the police operate openly and in response to real public demand and with the
consent of the public. When (3) not answering calls, the police are expected (4) to be
patrolling openly (5) to deter wrongdoing – but it has been pointed out that the strategy,
especially patrolling, is very inefficient – the police rarely bump into criminals who are on their
way home from a burglary.

The proactive approach involves (6) building up pictures of threats to the law and order and
potential criminality through the targeting of potential criminals and surveillance. Intelligence is
vital so that threats (7) can be identified and appropriate counter-measures (8) taken. This form
of policing tends (9) to involve specialist squads who are reliant on the analysis of crime patterns
and information from the informants.

¾ Activity 6 DNA
Before reading the FAQs about DNA testing, students should be asked to state what they know
about this procedure. Activity 9 gives some more information about SALIVA testing.

Objectives
Introduce the problems and encourage expression of personal opinions.
Encourage discussion based on professional expertise/ good police conduct related to the steps to
be taken during an investigation
Raise awareness of the police professionalism required

# Exercise 1Procedures for Criminal Investigation and Prosecution
Complete the words to describe criminal investigation and prosecution procedures
1. First, the police make an arrest.
2. The police take the suspect to the police station.
3. Perhaps the police hold an identity parade
4. The witness may identify the suspect from an identity parade or from photographs in the
data base – known as criminal records
5. To help identification of suspects, detectives use computers to construct “identity-kit” or
“photo-kit likenesses of the suspect.

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English for Modern Policing

6. In serious crimes, these photographic likenesses may appear on posters which are displayed
outside police stations or in public places.
7. They always interview the suspect
8. The police take samples – fingerprints, head-hair, dirt from clothes, fibres etc.
9. The police lay a charge as soon as possible.
10. The suspect has the right to contact a lawyer
11. The police either release the defendant on bail or, in more serious cases, they take the
defendant before a magistrate to hold the defendant on remand
12. In the court proceedings, the magistrate hears the evidence alone in less serious cases.
13. In more serious cases, there is a judge who hears the evidence.
Again, in more serious cases, there is a jury , usually consisting of 12 members. The jury
reaches a verdict after hearing all the evidence.
14. In English law, there are only 2 possible verdicts - “Guilty” or “ Not Guilty”.
15. If the verdict is guilty, the court (judge or magistrate ) passes sentence.
16. The sentence for offenders is different according to the nature of the offence, summary or
indictable (petty or serious) ( USA ; misdemeanor or felony).
17. The jurisdiction of the courts is different according to the nature of the offence, too.
18. Prisoners who are given custodial sentences may be sent to “open” or closed prisons.
19. The first category of prison is reserved for prisoners who have committed
less serious offences.
20. “Closed” prisons are for criminals who have committed .serious offences.
21. Some offenders may be held “solitary confinement” if they are at
risk from attack by other prisoners. For example, offenders in child abuse or sex
crimes involving children.
22. The death penalty or “capital punishment” does not exist in Britain but is still
used in many states of the United States.
23. Many prisoners are entitled to apply for parole after having
served a certain number of years of their sentence.
24. If the parole board (committee) considers the prisoner is not a risk or danger
to the community, he may be released “on parole.”. He will have to report to
a “parole” officer who is usually a “probation officer”.

# Exercise 2 Sentence Transformations
1. My advice to you is to call the police.
I think you should call the police.
2. The policeman told us to fit new locks on all our doors and windows.
He suggested that we (should) fit new locks on all the doors and windows.
3. The thief didn’t wear gloves so he left a lot of fingerprints.
If the thief had worn gloves he wouldn’t have left so many fingerprints.
4. Thieves broke into our house when we were on holiday.
Our house … was broken into when we were on holiday.
5. Please come to the conference!
I’d be grateful if you’d come to the conference.

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UNIT 4 – Crime and Social Relevance

6. No, Jerry definitely didn’t steal the jewels. I had the only keys with me.
Jerry couldn’t have stolen the jewels.

7. The police informed the reporters that the number of crimes had decreased.
The reporters were informed by the police that the number of crimes had decreased.

8. Recruiting more police would mean a fall in crime rates!
If we recruited more police it would mean a fall in crime rates.

9. It was impossible for them to complete all the paperwork on time!
They were unable to complete all the paperwork on time.

10. If there is a road traffic accident causing injury the police are obliged to make a full report.
The police have to make a full report….

¾ Activity 1 Race Trial Pricks Norway’s Conscience
Ask students how shocking they find the facts of Norway’s first racially motivated killing.
How seriously do they assess “neo-nazi” groups?
Are there any parallels in Romania? Extremists? Ultra-Nationalists?
Is there a “football hooligan: racist” factor present in Romanian society?
N.B. UNIT 8: Policing the Multi-Cultural Society deals with this aspect further.

Listening Transcript
Damilola Taylor collapsed on the concrete stairs in between the first and second floors of the
bleak council block, less than five minutes’ walk from home. Lying in the cold and dark, the 10-
year-old had no energy to go on. He may not have understood why he was being bullied at
school or why some other children taunted him about being “gay”: - the word meant nothing to
him.

Living on one of the toughest council estates in South London, he may not have appreciated why
his family had moved from Nigeria to give him a “better life”. But Damilola probably knew his
life was slipping away. He knew the sight of blood. And blood was pouring from a wound to his
left leg, drenching his school trousers, maroon pullover and trainers. It was trickling down the
stairwell to the ground floor. He was alone in the urine-stained stairwell when he died.

Six passers-by tried to stem the blood with their fingers and thumbs. Minutes later a team of
paramedics began a futile effort to revive him.

Detectives piecing together what happened to Damilola as he walked home from Oliver
Goldsmith Primary School in Southwark on Monday at 4:45 p.m. had one clue. A trail of blood
which led them to a spot 100 metres away in Blakes Road. This is where they assume Damilola

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was attacked, possibly by three youths, aged between 11 and 17, who were seen running away
from the scene. Damilola was within sight of home when he was stabbed but the loss of blood
was so severe he stumbled before he reached the first-floor shops of the North Hordle
Promenade where he probably hoped to find help.

“His femoral artery was slashed” said one officer who is part of the murder inquiry. “It’s like the
jugular vein. The blood would have come out like a fountain. He didn’t really stand a chance.”

Damilola came to London four months ago with his mother Gloria- who had lived in UK once
before, his brother Tunde, 21, and his sister Beme, 23. His father is still in Nigeria.
Southwark Council placed them in a flat on St. Braivel’s Court, part of the North Peckham Estate
which was built in the late 1960s and is now being bulldozed. Only half of the homes on the
estate are now occupied. Damilola seemed to settle well, but he had recently confided to his
mother that he had been bullied at school. “He was being threatened by other students,” said Mrs
Taylor,49. “Last Friday he said some boys had beaten him, boys from the school. Iasked “did
you fight with them?” And he said “No, mummy, I did not fight with them.” He said he was in
pain.”

On one occasion, Damilola, who was normal, playful and boisterous, had asked his mother to
explain the meaning of the word “gay”. “Boys were swearing at him, saying lots of horrible
words. They were calling him names”. Mrs Taylor told teachers about the taunts and abuse but
she felt they did not take her seriously.

On Monday, she walked her son to school in Southhampton Way to make sure he was all right,
and expected him home at 5 p.m. – Damilola wanted to stay behind for an extra computer class.

By the time he left it was already dark. As far as police know, he walked 100 metres into
Diamond Street, then turned first left into Blakes Road, a corridor overlooked by an industrial
park on the left and the back of the North Peckham Estate on the right. With poor street lighting
and very few homes, it would have been the ideal place for a group of youths to attack him.

When Damilola failed to come home, his mother went looking for him. First she went to the
school, where she bumped into the headmaster Mr Mark Parsons. He told her that Damilola was
not there. “I told her to stop worrying,” he said. So Mrs Taylor headed home. The police
however, had cordoned off the road. “I met the police and they told me a child was stabbed. I did
not realise it was my child. Then I went to the hospital. It was Damilola.” The boy’s cousin,
Jordan Fayemi, admitted the family could not be sure whether Damilola was stabbed by a pupil
or not but said the school should have taken their worries more seriously.

Mr Parsons said he was deeply shocked by Damilola’s death and said he would do everything
possible to help the police enquiry. “I would have been proud if he was my child. I feel dreadful
for the mother and for him and I feel dreadful that I was standing here a few hundred metres
away from where it was happening.” However, Mr Parsons was sure that the killers were not
pupils at Oliver Goldsmith Primary School. I
“I don’t believe that this has anything to do with the children. We are immensely proud of the
fact that we have virtually no violent bullying at all.”

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UNIT 4 – Crime and Social Relevance

Others on the estate said that the death, though tragic, was not a surprise. “I have been stabbed
twice, dragged by my hair and given a black eye,” said Mr. Mohammed El-Nagdy, who runs a
shop on the North Hordle Promenade. “The youths come here to steal from the till and they’ll
stab you for peanuts.”

Maynard Cox-George, who runs the Peckham Positive Project, a community action group, said
crime on the estate had actually fallen in recent years, but admitted the stairwells and walkways
were ideal territory for criminals. “That’s one of the reasons why they are pulling the place
down. I went outside when I heard what had happened. I saw the body. The poor boy. The
ambulancemen were working on him but I am sure he was already dead. There was blood
everywhere. Teams of officers were sifting through the estate’s rubbish chutes yesterday looking
for a murder weapon. The police also want to find three boys wearing dark hooded tops who
were seen close to where Damilola collapsed. Detective Superintendent David Dillnut, who is
leading the investigation, said: “We believe he was trying to get away from his attackers. WE are
appealing for more witnesses to come forward.”

Superintendent Rob Jarman, the commander of South London Police, added: “I immediately
thought of my own children when I heard about this. We will do everything we can to find out
what happened.

METHODOLOGY RELATED TO THE TEMPLE BOMBING
The teacher should try to use this is as a classroom activity, however much he/she may be
tempted to give the students all the text to read as a homework task.
The entire text can be given as a follow-up reading task!
The teacher’s role as monitor, provider of vocabulary, support person and facilitator (timing,
focus, order and gaining the maximum from this activity) is very important.
The activity is student-centred not teacher-led.

# Exercise 5
(Some discussion possible!)
1. … would have recovered
2. … would have known
3. … should have found out / might have found out
4. … might have been transported
5. … would have known
6. … could have checked
7. … would have known
8. … would have revealed
9. … might have been imprinted
10. … would have caused/ should have caused
11 ….could have been airlifted
12 …might have been altered
13. … would have been
14. … would have been
15. … would have been identified
16. … might have been imprisoned
17. … would have sounded

Objectives: Introduce the problems and encourage expression of personal opinions based on
professional assessment and experience related to procedures and problems.
Raise awareness of the importance of the issue and the impact it has on families and the society
in general

SPEAKING
Pre-reading discussions on the nature of domestic violence and on its extent in
Romania

What is domestic violence? What forms can domestic violence take?
What are the most common causes for domestic violence? (Comment on the following:
alcoholism, adultery, jealousy, untreated mental illnesses (depressions), poverty (lack of
financial means and security), unemployment, lack of own residence (living with the
parents-in-law), lack of social education, unavailability to take responsibility, traditional
belief that a woman should obey her husband unconditionally)
Who are the victims of domestic violence?
How do you think the victims feel?

Why is it difficult for them to break the relationship with their abusive partner?
What should a victim of domestic violence do in your opinion?
What are the alternatives?
How to deal with domestic violence from the official point of view?
Who can help?

¾ Activity 1
This is quite a difficult exercise and students should have enough time to do it. They should
ideally work in pairs.

Discussion points on Text B
How did this happen?
Who is responsible?
Social services – any measures?
What about the neighbours? The family?
Lessons? Repercussions? Romanian parallel?

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UNIT 5 – Crime in Society: Domestic Violence

¾ Activity 3
marriage certificate to produce evidence
consent form to grant a divorce
evidence of adultery to seek help
extra marital relations to take a decision
domestic violence to experience abuse
change in policy to run an organisation
patrol officer to express concern
police service to take action

# Exercise 1
• called names
• given no money
• raped
• stopped from seeing family and friends
• punched
• told what to wear
• threatened with worse
• strangled or choked almost to death
• humiliated
• not allowed to go out alone
• degraded

¾ Activity 4 Project Work
Choose a topic from the following and make a project about domestic violence crimes and
consequent punishment giving as many details as possible. Use charts, pictures, photographs and
other materials on the internet or in the media:
• Watch the news on TV and read newspapers to find out which crimes are
reported and how many of them relate to domestic violence in a week.
• Retell a case of domestic violence that you know or have heard of, either
recently or in the past
• Is punishment for domestic violence effective or should it be changed?
• Conduct a survey on how people feel about domestic violence (is it necessary,
good, not a case of concern?)
• Responsibility in the case of domestic violence
• The role of the police in preventing, detecting and solving DV cases

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English for Modern Policing

¾ Activity 5
1. was arrested 2. in the act 3. spend so much 4. help
5. take by car 6. inform 7. remind of something (smb) 8-manage
9. warm the atmosphere 10- can hardly manage.

Activity 7
I work late. (adv) I work late hours. (adj)
These are hard times. (adj)
She tried hard to compile the weekly report. (adv,adj)
I can hardly walk. (adv)
They could hardly see a friendly face. (adv;adj)
Why do you drive so fast? (adv)
That was a fast movement. (adj)
He came home terribly early. (adv; adv)
There was a terrible storm outside.(adj)
He speaks English well. (adv)
Get well soon! (adj)
That’s very kind of you! (adj)
We kindly ask you to send us your offer. (adv)
The report was extremely badly written (adv adv)
The increase in crime is surprisingly easily explained. (adv adv adj)

# Exercise 4
1. The policeman remained calm in spite of the harsh criticism.
2. The officers gathered evidence cautiously.
3. The doctor felt the victim carefully.
4. All is well that ends well.
5. The witness seemed happy to see the victim alive.
6. ‘These doughnuts taste delicious”, said the policeman.
7. It’s getting late .
8. This body looks heavy .
9. The fire officer looked fearlessly through the dense smoke.
10. They could hardly smell the cigarette smoke in the hall.

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UNIT 5 – Crime in Society: Domestic Violence

Activity 8
The Vicious Circle
The Truth about Domestic Violence – A Phenomenon on the Increase

Domestic violence refers to the violence or abuse inflicted on a family member by any person
who lives with them.
In most cases, the victims are women and children, but sometimes old people and husbands, too.
Physical violence, threats and sexual abuse, rape or emotional/psychological abuse, humiliation
and murder are domestic acts when they are committed within the home.
Normally all complaints go to the police. “There has been an increase of this type of crimes in
Bucharest in the last 10 years. They account for more than half of the violent crimes, said col.
G.R., with the Public Order Department within the Bucharest Police.
According to a survey conducted by the Victims’ Support and Protection Centre, on an average,
married women are beaten 35 times before they ask the police for help. The risk of violent
assault in their own homes is greater than the risk women face when walking alone in the streets
at night.
Physical violence and mental cruelty within the home are prime causes of criminal and violent
tendencies in the young who have witnessed such assaults.

¾ Activity 9
The dialogue could run approximately like this:
V: Why can’t you lock him up straight away?
P. You have to file a criminal complaint first.…
V: But my husband is at home and will beat me again!
P: Then you have to file a petition to make him leave the household.
V: How long will all of this take?
P: Well, first you have this appointment with the Assistant State Attorney then you can file the
petition and get an injunction to stop him entering your house.
V: So with this injunction you can lock him up?
P: No, but he must keep away from your home and place of work.
V: But he works in the same factory as me.
P: Then the injunction will order him not to approach you.
V: And what about money? I can’t support my 3 children on my salary alone.
P: The injunction will force him to pay for the upkeep of the children and pay support to you,
too.
V: How exactly will you do that?
P: The injunction will instruct the employer to stop the amount from his wages or salary.
V: But we are paid cash and we have no social security card.
P: Oh …..!!!!!!!!!!

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# Exercise 6
Listening transcript

Only one woman in 13 reporting a rape will see her assailant convicted according to the first
study to look at the investigation and prosecution of rape cases from start to finish. The report,
produced jointly by the inspectorates for the police and the CPS, the Crown Prosecution
Service, finds failures throughout the system and calls for a package of measures to bring more
rapists to justice

Among key recommendations are more sensitive treatment of rape complainants to increase
their confidence in the system and specialist prosecutors to handle rape cases.

The report found that 7.35% of all cases reported to the police ended up with a conviction.
Home Office statistics show that the rate of conviction for rape has fallen from 33% of reported
cases in 1977 to 7.5% in 1999.

The study of 10 police forces and CPS areas found that only 28.3% of cases reported to the
police resulted in criminal proceedings or caution and only 42.2% of cases referred to the CPS
reached court.

When cases reached court, the conviction rate (including guilty pleas) was 60.8% but seven out
of ten defendants who pleaded not guilty were acquitted.

Key findings include:

• the sensitive treatment of victims is the key to securing a conviction
• better training and guidance are needed for police, forensic medical examiners and
prosecutors
• all allegations of rape should be reviewed by prosecutors with specialist training
• case review descisions by CPS lawyers, such as dropping a case or reducing a charge
should be discussed with another specialist lawyer
• prosecuting counsel should be more robust to ensure that victims are not forced to endure
inappropriate questioning in court

¾ Activity 10
Discuss the issues involved and who is/might be to blame.

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UNIT 6

CRIME IN SOCIETY: CHILD ABUSE

METHODOLOGY AND KEY TO EXERCISES AND ACTIVITIES

Year 1 Semester 2
Time required
4 hours to include monitoring and feedback on writing
Terminology area
Known: criminal procedures
Unfamiliar: child abuse; welfare categories
Objectives
Introduce the problem and encourage discussion on parallels between Britain and Romania
Introduce or reinforce idea of students taking charge of their own vocabulary learning while
emphasizing the idea of “Central Core items”
Familiarise learners with new specialist terminology and reinforce other core items.
Raise awareness of the Human Rights issues and the responsibilities of a society.
Materials: Text 1: Refugee Children in Britain
Text 2: Father who left baby faces jail
Text 3: Father and “evil” stepmother guilty of killing Lauren, 6
Text 4: “Children in Need” UK National Report, 2000- summary version

TEXT 3 How could this kind of case ever happen?
Who is responsible?
Social services – did they fail?
What about the neighbours? The family?
Lessons? Repercussions? Romanian parallels?
TEXT 4 Discussion on extent of problem in UK and parallels

WRITING Grammar reinforcement using modals + perfect infinitive
e.g. Social services should have observed the family
Neighbours ought to have noticed the signs of abuse.
Grammar reinforcement using TYPE III Conditionals

Composition: The Problems of Child Abuse and Some Suggested Solutions
Interview: Write out the questions you would want to ask social services, the police, the
neighbours, the family. Suggest answers the various parties are likely to give.

# Exercise 6 Text Analysis
A. The text doesn’t specify immediately what has happened. The information only comes in the
third section and the reader must picture the situation.
B. No. There is a clear journalistic emphasis and dramatisation of the events.
C. “The baby had been fractious.” (Why? For how long?)
“ Impatient to get going…” (Where?)
“ … a holiday to help a family (Where was Mrs MacDonald?) to forget its mounting troubles
“(Which?)
D. “rising temperatures” “the mercury rose”
E. “its mounting troubles”
F. No. These are the official terms the court would use as this is the legal basis for the offence. It is a
general English text but with this one set of legal terminology and a few more items of everyday
legal terminology – prosecuting, magistrates, pleaded guilty, sentence, adjourned , for reports.

# Exercise 7 Grammar: Third Form Conditional
1. If the window hadn’t been open the baby might (could) have died.
2. If the special constable hadn’t called the police the father wouldn’t have been charged with
cruelty
3. If the family hadn’t had problems perhaps the father wouldn’t have acted in this way
4. If the father had been alone he might have come back earlier
5. If the village people had intervened the little girl Lauren might have been saved
6. If the local social services had been more observant they would (could) (N.B. should- not so
acceptable in this specific sentence) have noticed the signs of child abuse.
Cf. If the social services had visited the house more frequently they should have noticed the
signs of child abuse. (This would have been reasonable to expect)
7. If the father had cared about his own daughter he would have prevented …
8. A public enquiry would (probably) have been held if there had not been another child abuse
hearing
9. If social workers hadn’t had such a heavy workload they would (might) have been able to
help cases like Lauren’s. (N.B. Again, in this sentence, should is not acceptable as the “if”
part of the sentence excludes any aspect of “reasonable behaviour” or “desirable conduct”)
Cf. If the social workers had suspected there was any abuse going on they should have
followed up their suspicions with concrete action.

# Exercise 8 “Children in Need” – categories
The teacher should not merely be satisfied with getting the right answers. Discuss the
implications of the categories so they are really understood.

¾ Activity 5 Children in Need
Listening Transcript for Text 3
MAIN RESULTS
Numbers of Children in Need
• There were just under (1) 400,000 Children in Need in England in February 2002
(2) 64,000 of them were “Children looked after” and the remaining 317.000 were other
Children in Need
• Social Services are providing services for nearly (3) a quarter of a million Children in
Need in a typical week
• (4) 92% of Children Looked After and 54% of other Children in Need receive a service or have
money spent on their behalf in a typical week (either in terms of (5) staff/centre time or in terms
of the Local Authority paying for facilities (e.g. accommodation/ residential costs)
Characteristics of Children in Need
♦ The main need for social service intervention is cases of “abuse and neglect” which account
for (6) just over half (56%) of all Children Looked After and 28% of other Children in Need
♦ About 12% of the Children in Need population are (7) disabled, and they received 14% of
the gross expenditure on Children in Need
♦ At least 16% of Children in Need are from (8) ethnic minorities (which is about one and a
half times the figure for the under 18 population as a whole)
Costs and Resources
 Services for Children in Need cost Social Services on average about ₤41 million a week ₤26
million per week on Children Looked After and ₤15 million on other Children in Need.
 About half of these costs are accounted for by regular payments (on residential/ fostering/
adoption costs) for Children Looked After
 The average Child Looked After costs Social Services (9) ₤ 435 per week and other Children
in Need cost ₤85 per week.
Time Factors Involved
 The average Child Looked After receives 4.3 hours per week of service from Social Work
staff, either (10) in teams or in centres
 Other Children in Need receive on average about 2.9 hours per week of staff or centre time

# Exercise 10
A. 4.3 = the number of hours the average Child Looked After receives from social services
B. 56% = the number of ‘abuse and neglect’ cases where Social Services have intervened
C. 16% = the number of Children in Need who are from ethic minorities

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D. 64,000 = the number of Children in Need looked after
E. 14% = the amount of gross expenditure on Children in Need that disabled children received
F. 435 pounds = the cost to Social Services of each Child Looked After
G. 41 million pounds /week = cost to Social Services for Children in Need

# Exercise 11 Vocabulary Round-up
1. as the need arises
2. said to be impaired
3. has an impact
4. welfare benefit payments
5. to maintain the children

38
UNIT 7

WOMEN: FOR BETTER AND FOR WORSE

METHODOLOGY AND KEY TO EXERCISES AND ACTIVITIES

Year 1 Semester 2

Time required
4 hours to include monitoring, debates, feedback on writing

Terminology area
Known: women as victims and vulnerability of women to organised crime
Unknown: specific terminology concerned with trafficking; exploitation and abuse of basic
rights

Objectives
Encourage students to develop a sense of serious and mature discussion in a male-dominated
environment
Accentuate those specific areas of trafficking which affect Romania
Focus on the role of women in society generally and in the police service in particular

This is a very sensitive subject and although some of the focus on women is also included in Unit
5: Domestic Violence and Unit 9: Trafficking in Human Beings, there is enough specific
consideration of the status of women in several societies.

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English for Modern Policing

¾ Activity 1
The teacher should be able to help students deal with this sensitive topic in a mature and
professional manner. Sex crime is not a joke, no matter what!
A pre-reading discussion, brainstorming on sexually-related crimes should be conducted in an
adult and controlled manner.
Students need not be familiar with all categories but should know
• rape- statutory /unlawful intercourse
• indecency (indecent exposure) (indecent conduct)
• child abuse/ pedophilia
The text should also be understood as its legal argumentation is important.

# Exercise 2
a) unleash b) to house c) to crack down
d) range from e) to trick into f) to mount

¾ Activity 4
Translation

¾ Activity 8
Listening text: Transcript
From a taped discussion with Jane, Sam, Moira, Susan and Mary 30th September 1992)
Sam
Sam "there is all different reasons why you go into prostitution..I went into it through choice and
if I decide to stop it might happen this year or the next but I can't see it because I am not ready to
I have good clients and I am not prepared to give up them dollars for love or money..I have
always known I have high self esteem because I have other skills and I think don't think every
prostitute has got low self esteem because every prostitute hasn't..once you start stigmatising
prostitution girls start having low self esteem once a woman starts believing in herself she can

40
UNIT 7 – Women: For Better and for Worse

decide for herself..go back to college or work in the co-op..how may women prostitute
themselves in relationships they don't want to be in but stay in a marriage for financial gain..if it
wasn't for financial gain how many women would walk out of that relationship."
Moira
Moira "I have lost friends ... they look at you totally different..it bothered me..I thought hell, I am
a prostitute..I am but I'm not..I have two different lives..work and me... my boyfriend's friend sat
watching the telly and said look at them dirty prostitutes..and I said just remember I am a
prostitute and this is my settee paid for by prostitution and my tv and my carpet and everybody
looked at me horrified......I was so frightened (in the beginning)..the first punter just wanted to
look..I had this durex and I wasn't even too sure how to put it on properly..I had real horrible
nightmares that night..and I just counted my money that was my comfort.
Fran
Fran "I used to have hang ups about my body but not any more..I don't care a damn..what they
want is my body..it's not what is there on your body.. but the clutching and the holding.... I said
hang on you're right because when I wasn't in control of my body he was in control of me..and
from that day..I'm a working girl..I work with my body..I love the sauna work.

¾ Activity 8a
Ask students to write their account.
They should plan their written work by brainstorming with a partner.
Look for …
Why this sex /slave trade exists
Victims and villains? Who are they?
Solving the root causes- an impossibility?
After 2007 – predictions?

¾ Activity 9 and 10
These texts focus on discussion of the place of women in police work and should be treated
seriously to try to break down prejudices and achieve a sense of tolerance and balance.

# Exercise 3 Rephrasing
1. This appears to be the hotel we’re looking for.
2. They invited me to come with them on the trip.
3. I regret not having seen the movie.
4. The evidence led the police to believe that he was the criminal
5. Would I have to pay a lot to use the hotel sauna? ( How much ..?)
6. Our victory in the race (Coming first) enabled us to buy a new car.
7. All students are required to attend all the lectures.
8. There’s a risk she might fail her driving test again.
9. Susy manged to finish the assignment in time.
10. It’s no use calling Bob. His phone is out of order.

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# Exercise 4
1: a ( N.B. In some parts of Britain b) and d) are used!)
2: a and b
3: b
4: c
5: c
6: a
7: c
8: b
9: c ( theoretically b) is also acceptable but unlikely in this context).

42
UNIT 8

POLICING THE MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY

METHODOLOGY AND KEY TO EXERCISES AND ACTIVITES

Year 2 Semester 1

Time required
4 hours to include monitoring, debates, feedback on writing

Objectives
Encourage students to develop a sense of serious and mature discussion in a culturally-sensitive
environment
Accentuate those specific areas of multi-ethnicity which affect Romania
Focus on the role of the police as “caught in the middle” of ethnic tension and the police
responsibility for upholding the law and good community relations.

Again this is a potentially sensitive topic. However, it is important to discuss the many
dimensions of multi-cultural or multi-ethnic life, especially with European accession
a not-too-distant reality for Romania. The multi-ethnicity of life in most West European cities
may surprise some students but it is a matter not merely of political correctness (“being PC”) but
of a conscious effort to promote multi-culturism. The realities show the still-present gap between
theory and practice.

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English for Modern Policing

¾ Activity 1 Letting the Side Down
1) Why “ritual”? 2) to rule out = to exclude 3) came as a blow = was a shock
4) he was almost killed 5) began to deny (everything)
6) in the dock = subject to accusation/ being accused (The defendant/ prisoner stand in the dock
in court to hear the accusations against him.)
7) “contempt” – a criminal offence of not cooperating fully with the processes of the law, for
example, refusing to answer questions as a witness in court, withholding information.
However, students should consider whether the father’s action in talking to the newspapers was
really that bad or whether the judge himself is guilty of some racial prejudice.
8) to disassociate itself from
9) to distribute (hand out) leaflets
N.B. At football stadia in Britain, the spectators sit in the “stands”. They stand on the terraces,
but these are quite rare now after the Hillsborough Stadium disaster in 1987.
Some people argue that the reduction in racism has more to do with the fact that there are many
black footballers playing in all divisions and also that it is somehow more difficult to become
abusive from a sitting position!

¾ Activity 2 Keeping the Shop Open

# Exercise 1
As with all exercises of this type, it is not merely a question of getting the correct answer.
Understanding the text as a whole is important, too.
1. enforced 2. enforcement 3. force 4. public 5. image
6. to observe 7. embodies 8. probation 9. warden 10. uniform
11. out

# Exercise 2
1. False 2. False 3. True 4. False 5. True 6. False

¾ Activity 3 Role Play
This is potentially a very creative and useful activity. Insist on students writing out the questions
and trying to think of appropriate answers. You will see from the statistics later in the unit how
difficult it is to recruit ethnic minority officers in Britain. One term of abuse for a black police
officer used by some of the black community in Britain is “coconut”- someone who is brown on
the outside but white on the inside!

# Exercise 3
1. have been taken
2. had been accelerated (will be accelerated)

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UNIT 8 – Policing the Multicultural Society

3. was passed
4. have been transmitted
5. has been decided
6. has been issued
7. is being discussed
8. will be implemented
9. was caused

# Exercise 4
1. by 2. by 3. with 4. with 5. in

# Exercise 5
1. of 2. to 3. in
4. out (up is generally for war situations = to conscript)
5. into 6. Up 7. off

Background information
The Scarman Commission
In 1981, after a routine drugs warrant raid on a small cafe, the “Black and White Cafe”, in the St.
Pauls area of Bristol, there was major public disorder, culminating in three days and nights of
riots. The St. Pauls riot was the first of many inner city riots throughout the country. They
resulted in heavy criticism of the police and its racial bias. Subsequently the Scarman Report,
which criticised policing methods, acted as a “turning-point” in police: ethnic community
relations.

¾ Activity 5 Translation
- The importance of establishing better links between ethnic communities and their
leaders on the one hand and local authorities on the other.
- The need for closer co-operation between Mosques and Islamic Centres to make better
use of their facilities through the establishment of Consultative Committees.
- Mosques and Islamic Centres can assist immensely in combating drug abuse and
criminal behaviour through the proper allocation of resources.
- The need for co-operation between authorities (government, local authorities, police and
faith community leaders) to prevent acts of violence (violent acts)

1) On December 14 2001, British police charged 13 Jamaicans with smuggling cocaine into
London’s Gatwick Airport, just over a week after another 23 Jamaicans were charged with
smuggling cocaine into Heathrow Airport.

2) The Jamaicans charged included four women and all were believed to
have swallowed small packages of the drug. They could all face up to 10 years in jail.

3) Another seven people of unknown nationality were arrested after police allowed a “mule” on
the same flight to carry a large package of cocaine through the airport and followed the
courier to the point where he was delivering the drugs.

4) It is not clear if the smugglers were part of an organised ring or
acting separately. A British Customs and Excise spokeswoman said the arrests underlined the
fact that the British authorities would not tolerate drug smuggling and those who swallowed
drugs were likely to get caught.

5) According to the spokeswoman, airlines often notified British airports when passengers’
behaviour was suspicious. For example, if passengers refused to eat or drink, typical behaviour
of those who have swallowed drugs.

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UNIT 8 – Policing the Multicultural Society

6) Customs officers have stressed that concealing drugs inside the body is extremely
dangerous. In October, a woman coming from Kingston died during a flight.

7) A post-mortem found that she had swallowed 55 pellets of cocaine

8) More than 30 other people were rushed to hospital from Heathrow this year after
packages of drugs burst inside them

9) The latest arrests and severe penalties recently passed on several Jamaicans should deter
people from drugs smuggling.

10) A spokeswoman admitted that there was also a problem with keeping a sense of reality and
there is certainly no assumption that anyone and everyone coming from Jamaica is carrying
drugs.

11. The spokeswoman added that people in the UK do not automatically think of drug
smuggling in association with Jamaica . They think of sunshine, golden beaches and
holidays. Jamaica has its problems but so does everywhere else.

12. Senior Superintendent Carl Williams of the Jamaican Police Force Narcotics Division stated
that, since the beginning of 2001, more than 150 people who have ingested cocaine in an
attempt to smuggle it out have been caught and at least 10 of them have died .

¾ Activity 7 Dismantling Barriers
Students should be encouraged to discuss this campaign to recruit more ethnic minority officers
in England and Wales. They should also be expected to articulate the situation as shown in the
example.
1. Difficult to say precisely, but Nottinghamshire, Merseyside and Staffordshire are making
good progress.
2. “Confident” I would suggest. They need 14 new officers and already have 73.
3. Also “Confident” although it means an increase of EMO of 25%.
4. Rather worried, I should imagine! (This area covers Burnley and Oldham – locations for
serious public order breakdowns in 2001.)
5. Not very successful – this area covers e.g. Leeds, Bradford, and Wakefield, all racially
problematic areas.
6. Oh dear!

¾ Activity 8 Stop and Search
A constant problem with racial overtones. Police have “stop and search” powers if they suspect
the person may be carrying drugs or weapons. Black communities, especially in London and
Birmingham, say the police abuse this power and “pick on” black youths.
This increases racial tension. The police point to the incidence of drug dealing and drug use
amongst the black community ( See the earlier article on Jamaican drug-mules and “yardie”
gangs operating in and around London).

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English for Modern Policing

1. False. The police have not actually made any announcement about their policy. The fact that
they were sensitive to black community pressures doesn’t seem borne out by the evidence.
2. False. Official Home Office figures.
3. True. Overall, they fell.
4. Impossible to say. He hasn’t published them yet.
5. Impossible to say.
6. True. A hand-held computer is progress!
7. True. In the text it says “ the figures dispel the claim” which means people believed the
situation had changed for the better but statistics prove otherwise!

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UNIT 9

TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS

METHODOLOGY AND KEY TO EXERCISES AND ACTIVITIES

Year 2 Semester 1
Time required
4 hours to include monitoring and feedback on writing, reading, speaking and comprehension

Terminology area
Known: the issue of “following orders”.
Unfamiliar: children and women trafficking; trafficking techniques

Objectives:
Introduce the problem and encourage discussion on parallels with their partners and as whole-
class activity.
Familiarise learners with new specialist terminology and reinforce other core items regarding the
issue of trafficking in human beings.
Raise awareness of Human Rights’ issues and of the risks and responsibilities of the police and,
especially, of the border police.

METHODOLOGY
Patterns of interaction
You should try to put emphasis on group or pair activities as well as teacher-led discussion.
Use the opportunities for students to work cooperatively in info-gap; comparing lists,
problem-solving, interviewing, writing and presentation, group discussion. You could try
pair or group projects on newspaper article collections or country profiles (Ukraine, Moldova,
Russia, Belorussia, Hungary (centre of pornographic film industry) etc.)

# Exercise 3
This exercise mainly focuses on verb: noun relationships and utilises the following text for some
examples:
The policeman cautioned the suspects.
We must proceed with caution.
There has been an unwelcome boom in on-the-street drug prices.
The economy must really boom before unemployment can be reduced.
They struck a deal.
They were dealing in class A drugs and were arrested.
Some illegal immigrants were seized in the harbour.
The community does not seem to harbour a grudge against the police despite the incident.
He was accused of harbouring a wanted criminal and providing him with a false passport.

# Exercise 7
Solutions (other answers are possible!)
1. United Natons reports are based on documents, articles and other sources of information.
2. These are duly acknowledged with gratitude.
3. It is hoped that this material will serve as a catalyst for further action.
4. Thousands of women and children are trafficked from their own countries.
5. If left unchecked, trafficking will gain momentum in the current economic climate in Asia.

¾ Activity 6 Canada and the U.S. Sign Smart Border Declaration
Listening
John Manley Minister of Foreign Affair and Chairman of the Ad Hoc Cabinet Committee on
Public Security and Anti-Terrorism, and Governor Tom Ridge, Director of the Office of
Homeland Security in the U.S., today signed a declaration for the creation of a Smart Border for
the 21st century between U.S. and Canada.

The Smart Border Declaration outlines the 30-point Action Plan based on four pillars, to
collaborate in identifying and addressing security risks while efficiently and effectively
expediting the legitimate flow of people and goods back and forth across the Canada –U.S.
border. The Declaration includes 21 new objectives and builds on nine other recent Canada-U.S.
initiatives set out in the eight-point, December 3 Joint Statement of Cooperation on Border
Security and Regional Migration Issues and in the RCMP-FBI agreement to improve the
exchange of fingerprint data of the same date.

“We have agreed to an aggressive action plan that will allow the safest, most efficient passage of
people and goods between our two countries, as part of our ongoing commitment to the creation
of a Smart Border,” said Minister Manly.” This action plan will enhance the technology,
coordination and information sharing that are essential to safeguard our mutual security and
strengthen cross-border commerce for the world’s largest bi-national trading relationship.”

“On behalf of President Bush, I was pleased to visit Canada to meet with Minister Manly and
senior Canadian officials to discuss how to build and secure border that allows the free flow of
people and goods between our two countries. We look forward to working together to achieve
real-time solutions as quickly as possible,” said Governor Ridge.

# Exercise 8
to achieve – achievement
It was a considerable achievement to (come to) (reach) (arrive at) (finalise) this agreement
to improve – improvement
There has been a notable improvement in the number of drugs seizures at the border
to sign: signature
A border police officer should compare signatures on different documents if he/she suspects
possible falsification.

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English for Modern Policing

to collaborate: collaboration
The police force is acting with other regional forces in a unique example of trans-national
collaboration.
to agree: agreement
It is hoped that the parties will reach an agreement before the end of the day.
to meet: meeting
Another meeting has been arranged to conclude the negotiations.
(N.B. to meet expectations/ a deadline/ opposition)

¾ Activity 9 Women in Kosovo
Listening
The options for trafficked women are limited. If they get out of the environment in which they
are (1) held - either because the premises have been
(2) raided by the police or because they have escaped- they are in unknown and often (3)
hostile territory. If they have escaped, there is often the question of where to go; whether they
have the courage to go to the police and ask for help, or whether, (4) by chance, they have heard
about the IOM (5) repatriation programme and that there is an OSCE-sponsored safe house.
The OSCE Mission in Kosovo has been supporting this safe house (6) run by an international
NGO, for some of the women who do succeed in (7) breaking out of the trafficking ring. But is
only for those who have chosen to be repatriated. It provides temporary (8)shelter for 15 people.
At present, more than 20 are there, with some women (9) sleeping on the floor. The only
alternative place to house them is the (10) women's prison in Lipljane near Pristina and this is a
very limited option.
If the place they have been working has been raided, the women are still
(11) vulnerable, possibly (12) facing charges of prostitution and having entered Kosovo
illegally. Their papers have been taken by those who trafficked them and in cases involving
trafficking the women have to have the courage to face their (13)former captors in the
courtroom and accuse them of kidnapping, or trafficking and of human exploitation.
One of the priorities of the OSCE mission in Kosovo is to develop a (14) witness protection
programme for trafficked women. Under the present system, there is almost no protection for
women who do go to court or for those who return home. The main problem is the huge role
played by organised crime in trafficking of women. Women who testify in open court are (15)
accusing those criminals. If they return home, they could face the very same men who organised
their move in the first place. But such programmes are expensive and complicated and, at the
moment, those who qualify are usually under protection for political reasons, not in cases where
people have been trafficked.

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UNIT 10

DEALING WITH VEHICLE CRIME

METHODOLOGY AND KEY TO EXERCISES AND ACTIVITIES

Year 2 Semester 1
Time required
4 hours to include monitoring and feedback on writing, reading, speaking and listening
comprehension

Objectives:
Introduce the problem and encourage discussion in groups and as a whole-class activity
Familiarise learners with new specialist terminology and reinforce other core items.
Raise awareness of the issues and the responsibilities of the police and border police

RELATIONSHIP OF ACTIVITIES TO SKILLS (Exemplified)
SPEAKING
Sharing information about smugglers and smuggling.
TEXT 1 Why smuggling is a crime against society?
Share information about the subject: two groups
TEXT 2 Discussion on nature and extent of problem in Romania.
Discussion (post reading) of seriousness of offence – appropriate
punishment , responsibilities of the officials;
TEXT 4 Legal aspects (definition);refer to the Romanian law
TEXT 5 Lessons? Repercussions? Romanian parallels?
Discussion on extent of problem in Romania. and parallels.
Why is this issue so important for the authorities?

# Exercise 3 Re-arrange the words to make sentences
1. The theft of automobiles is a serious problem world-wide.
2. Profits from vehicle crime can support terrorist organisations.
3. Trafficking in vehicles is mainly the work of structured and sophisticated criminal
groups.
4. South Africa is used by criminal groups as a transit area to export stolen luxury vehicles.
5. Germany is facing an increase in thefts of rental cars by African nationals.
6. Italy and Greece are concerned at Albanian criminal groups who are actively engaged in
car smuggling.
7. Violence is an increasingly common “modus operandi” to achieve the exportation of
luxury cars.

Exercise 4 In Montenegro, Stolen Cars Are Worth Their Weight in Meat!
At a time when Montenegro’s political situation is (1) tenuous, Western countries are inclined to
look the other way at Montenegro’s (2) dirty little secret.
Montenegro is a key part of the West’s effort to (3) isolate Yugoslav President Slobodan
Molosevic, indicted for war crimes last year by the Hague Tribunal. Montenegro’s President
Milo Djukanovic has (4) allied himself with the West and has consequently received financial
and (5) diplomatic blessings from the European Union.
Though Montenegro is (6) notorious as a place teeming with stolen goods, Western countries
are (7) anxious to protect the republic’s image. While the Milosevic regime often categorizes the
Djukanovic administration as a (8) bunch of criminals and smugglers, the West points to the
Djukanovic government as an example of ethnic tolerance that is a model for the Balkans.
Meanwhile, Montenegrins are reaping the fruits of a shady trade. The deals don’t stop at cars.
Podgorica’s (9) main street, Sloboda Ulica (Freedom street), is filled with people dressed in
Italy’s latest fashions, their (10) luxury cars parked in front of busy cafes, where mobile phones
lie next to cups of expresso and over-full ashtrays.

A visitor would never guess that Montenegro’s average monthly (11) salary is less than $ 100
per month. Montenegrins have a reputation in the Balkans for valuing the good (12) life.
“Visitors often say that it seems nobody does anything in Podgorica, That the cafes are filled
with well-dressed people sipping coffee all day, ”says a cosmetics “importer” named Milos.

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UNIT 10 – Dealing with Vehicle Crime

Yet there is hardly any industry to provide jobs for Montenegro’s 600,000 citizens, aside from a
smattering of fishing, textile and tourism. Factories are (13) shut down. The republic imports
much of its food.

The (14) stolen car trade could be seen as a legacy of Montenegro’s geographical location and
history. With (15) wealthy Italy to the West, and Balkan mayhem in other directions,
Montenegro is a natural transit point for goods across the Balkans

In their defence, Montenegrins say they’re only doing what they’ve done for hundred of years.
This independent people eked out a living for centuries on one of the most inhospitable pieces of
European territory while surrounded by Ottoman Turks. The land is so undesirable that the Turks
simply gave (16) up trying to conquer what was then a much smaller Montenegro.

Just as they receive Western patronage today for their role as a buffer state, in the 19th- century
Russia supported Montenegro for (17) similar political reasons. In this context, Montenegrins
spent centuries raiding and smuggling to survive. (18) hot cars can be seen as part of that
tradition.

¾ Activity 8 Motorcycle Theft in UK
Before listening, discuss the motorbike “cult” in the west and how it compares with Romania.
Why are high-powered bikes so rare, even in Bucharest?
Do students know about “Harleys”, Hells Angels and other “biker” gangs?
In some countries, e.g. Denmark, “bikers” are heavily involved in drug pushing and other
organised crime.

1. ₤3 million
2. A motorcycle register
3. large urban areas
4. 25%
5. Not really, according to population density.
6. Commuting. This relates to motorbike commuters who either ride their bike to
work and leave it parked in the street or leave it parked at a railway station before
continuing into the city by train. Either way, it gives the gangs time to identify a bike
and make the necessary “arrangements” to steal it.
7. 85% ( Honda, Kawasaki, Yamaha, Suzuki)
8. Much lower than for cars. Only 16% of bikes are recovered.
9. Van drives up, iron scaffolding poles are put through the wheels and lift the bike into
the vehicle. (This method obviously breaks a few spokes but these are relatively easy
to replace in a workshop.)
10. 600
11. a) rung b) raced c) exported d) split for spare parts
12. Use stolen spare parts
13. Ground anchors ( Metal hoops which the bike can be chained into more effectively)
14. Everyone with the best interests of motorcycling at heart!
15. Crimestoppers

Listening: Transcript
20 SECONDS TO STEAL A MOTORCYCLE WORTH £10,000, REVEALS NCIS REPORT,
WHICH SHOWS UK BIKE CRIME HOTSPOTS FOR FIRST TIME
An NCIS report from November 2001

A motorbike worth £10,000 can disappear off the street in 20 seconds, allowing criminal groups
to steal £3 million worth of motorbikes from UK streets every month, according to a report
released today by the National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS), which reveals the UK's
danger spots for motorcycle crime for the first time.
The report is the first of its kind and will go to police forces around the country. Based on the
latest police figures on vehicle crime, it deals with performance bikes (500cc and above).
Seen as the prelude to a motorcycle register similar to the car register issued by the Home
Office, the report is part of Project Contrail, which targets the organised theft of high-
powered motorcycles.
NCIS's strategy for reducing the level of motorcycle theft includes working with UK police
forces to target the organised criminal groups responsible. Recent operations against known
motorcycle thieves, particularly at major national motorcycle shows, have resulted in a number
of arrests and disruptions.

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English for Modern Policing

Key findings in the report:
 More thefts occur in large urban areas
 The Metropolitan Police area accounts for over 25 per cent of thefts, roughly proportionate to
population density. Thefts were concentrated around Central London, probably linked to
patterns of commuting
 The top five areas for theft include West Yorkshire, West Midlands and Greater Manchester
 Northern Ireland suffered only 0.2 per cent of thefts. 93.6 per cent of thefts occurred within
England, with 3.2 per cent in Scotland and 3 per cent in Wales
 The top four makes of motorcycle account for over 85 per cent of thefts

Steven Powell, Head of the Project Team for NCIS's Organised Vehicle Crime Section, said:
"The motorcycle rider has changed dramatically over recent years, moving from young people on
older machines to older, professional people with high-powered, expensive bikes. It is a lucrative
market and OVCS has discovered extensive networks of thieves operating regionally, nationally
and internationally. Recovery rates are much lower than for cars, yet motorcycle crime
commands much less attention from law enforcement."
Steven Powell continued:
"Our confirmation that bikers lose many hundreds of valuable bikes each month will make
depressing reading for police officers and motorcycle enthusiasts, but it will also help them make
informed decisions on bike security.
"Urban centres are worst hit, due to the ease with which criminal groups can clear motorcycles
from designated stands. One modus operandi is simple but effective. The criminals drive a large
van up to a motorcycle. Accomplices open the van door, thrust scaffolding poles through the
wheels, and lift the bike into their vehicle. It takes as little as 20 seconds to steal a bike worth
£10,000, and only 16 per cent of stolen bikes are recovered.
"More research is needed to build the definitive picture of motorcycle crime, but NCIS's
intelligence suggests that, while the 600 bikes stolen each month may be rung, raced or exported,
the majority are split for parts to feed the thriving black market in spares. "We hope that this
report will increase awareness of motorcycle crime hotspots and encourage increased security at
all levels. As part of Project Contrail, NCIS is working with UK police forces at major
motorcycle shows, not only targeting criminal groups, but also those who knowingly use stolen
parts in their machines.
"We believe that targeted intelligence-led operations will deal with high volume thieves and
handlers and take away their ability to continue their business.
"In their turn, bikers should, where possible, be wary about leaving their machines unsecured at
the roadside, and councils should invest in ground anchors, which have been shown to decrease
motorcycle crime.
"In addition, everyone with the best interests of biking at heart should keep an eye out for the
criminal groups behind this, and report them to Crimestoppers, who pass vital intelligence to
NCIS."

Objectives
Stimulate discussion on the background and implications of present-day terrorism
Add awareness of multi-faceted nature of terrorism
Consider the measures against terrorism in democratic societies

Language development
Known vocabulary: much from this field is known, at least as passive awareness
Unknown vocabulary: related to intelligence gathering

Introduction
Use “brainstorming” techniques and/or student awareness to try to explore the more subtle
aspects of this complex issue.
Use students’ awareness of terrorist groups and point to lesser-known conflicts such as
Corsican nationalists, Algerian Islamic extremists, the PKK in Turkey, East Timor (now
independent from Indonesia after many years of suppression), terrorist groups in Colombia, Peru
(adding a Marxist terrorist angle to countries already deeply involved in drug-related terrorism!)
The Chechen problem is also highly topical after the Moscow Theatre siege and the first case of
a Russian officer going on trial in December 2002 for torture in Chechnya. Germany through the
Baader-Meinhof anti-capitalism gang and Rote Armee Faktion (Red Army Faction), active in the

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English for Modern Policing

1970s, had its own brand of terrorism with international dimensions. How much this was
influenced/sponsored by the German Democratic Republic at the time may never be known.
Certainly some of the Rote Armee group took refuge in East Germany and the group always
seemed to find the resources for their acts of terrorism against big business, banking and
politicians. Similarly, Italy with the Red Brigade, another version of anti-capitalist activists,
France “Action Directe”, Spain through ETA, the Basque-separatist movement, all illustrate that
terrorism can take a variety of shapes and forms. Irish terrorism is usually associated with the
IRA but a more differentiated view is necessary to illustrate the “sectarian” nature of the
Protestant: Catholic struggle. American money for the IRA came virtually unhindered from the
East coast cities of Boston, New Jersey and New York until Clinton tried to stem the flow. It
could be argued that, for example, the white supremacist group in the southern states of the USA,
the Ku Klux Klan, committed acts of terror in the black Americans’ “Civil Rights” struggle in
the late 1950s and 1960s.
The CIA has been active in supporting various groups in South and Central America for decades
to prevent the spread of Castro-style communism. If not openly sponsoring terrorism then this, at
least, is “turning a blind eye” to it? Similarly (?), the American arming of Kurds in late 2002 to
act as a force against Saddam Hussein could be considered a form of terrorism-sponsorship?

All these are issues which students should be encouraged to discuss.
The teacher should read GLOBAL ISSUES: Terrorism (2001)- mostly compiled before
September 11- for essential background.
www.global-issues.co.uk

Some good movies exist showing the ambiguous aspect of terrorism – white supremacists and
racists in “ To Kill a Mocking Bird”, “Mississippi Burning” etc. while modern-day counter-
terrorism has already received the Hollywood “touch” making Discovery Channel a much better
option than movies. There have been features on, for example, the CIA’s secret war against Fidel
Castro or fundamentalist groups, Islamic and Zionist, as well as documentaries on such terrorist
incidents as the 1972 Munich Olympics hostage drama, the 1972 Entebbe or the Mogadishu hi-
jacking and ant-terror intervention.

NOTES AND KEY TO EXERCISES
The man in the photograph is a Libyan national, ELAMIN, Abdullah, wanted for the bombing of
a nightclub in Berlin in 1986 (sic!). It is still present on the BundesKriminalAmt (BKA) web-
pages www.bka.de
See, too,
www.state.gov - US Department of State
www.cia.gov
www.fbi.gov
www.mfa.gov.il - Israel’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs
www.palestine-info.com – Palestinian information centre
www.csis.org – Centre for Strategic and International Studies
www.st-and.ac.uk/academic/intrel/research/cstpv - University of St.Andrews, Scotland Centre
for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence
www.fco.gov.uk – the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office
www.un.org/Depts/oip - The United Nation’s Office for Iraq programme
www.iraqwatch.org – University of Wisconsin’s arms monitoring programme

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UNIT 11 – Countering Terrorism

# Exercise 1 Terrorism Defined
N.B. There are some other possibilities. This is the book version from the American source
given.
1. calculated 2. induce 3. coerce 4. pursuance
5. religious 6. ideological 7. distinguish

# Exercise 2
Do not merely get the correct answers. Read through the text again to ensure students understand
the arguments.
A: 2 B: 6 C: 1 D: 5 E: 3 F: 4

¾ Activity 2 The Terrorists
Solutions, although there is a lot of room for discussion and the “answers” are less
important than the debate!
a) R b) P c) P d) P/C e) C f) R/C/P
g) P h) C i) P j) C

¾ Activity 3
The underlined sections show Chomsky’s own polemical position.
- Clinton’s bombing
- How can the US block an enquiry if other nations demand it, too?
- “Not to speak of much worse cases which easily come to mind”
(Really? Perpetrated by whom? America? In Viet-Nam?
Iraq – bombing of the Kurds with poison gas?
Israel – allowing the massacre of Palestinians in refugee camps in Lebanon?
UK – bombing of Dresden in 1944?
Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia? The Holocaust?
What are Chomsky’s defining terms?
- Do his arguments make logical sense? Does vulnerability to terrorist attacks like
September 11 mean that missile defence is automatically a foolishness?
Are the two threats the same?
- “… the crime is a gift to the hard jingoist right those who hope to use force to control
their domain”
Why is he not more specific? What are these domains? (Intelligence? Military
hardware? Financial controls? Oil prices and supply?)
- “the prospects ahead” ( I would have thought prospects were always “ahead”. A strange
phrase for a semanticist!)

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However, it is perhaps indicative of a democratic state that a “dissenting” voice can be heard
only hours after the September 11 events?

# Exercise 4
1: F 2: F
3: T 4: F
5: T 6: F
7: F (tried in camera)
8. F He saw it as the trial of a book not how the Prosecution (charging the General with
complicity in justifying war crimes) saw it, nor as the Defence (the General’s right to freedom of
expression). Is this a valid stance?
9. F. He did not make such a statement although it is implicit in his testimony.
10. T They were mostly on the General’s side.

¾ Activity 4
This is a worthwhile essay for students to write. They might be encouraged to find out about
the Algerian war of independence/ counter-terrorism struggle, the activities of extreme
nationalist groups in France who opposed de Gaulle’s decision to grant independence to Algeria
and the writings of Franz Fanon or even Albert Camus or Jean-Paul Sartre on the Algerian war
and its repercussions. Even the original movie (1972) “The Day of the Jackal” is worth seeing!

# Exercise 5
One issue in this exercise is whether the main clause should have “would” or another modal
form. Use as a FLUENCY PRACTICE activity.
a) .. would have been at risk
b) .. would / might have been killed
c) .. might have become …
d) .. would not have obtained
e) .. might/ could have been prolonged
f) .. might/would have increased
g) .. would have interpret it as a sign of weakness
h) .. would/might have lost confidence

# Exercise 6 New Law Allows Eavesdropping on Internet Users
Listen to the recording and complete the table below.
Tapescript on page 143 in Student’s Book

Encourage students to find out more about the historical references here.

¾ Activity 7 and Activity 8
The teacher should use this activity as a FLUENCY exercise for as many students as possible,
They can do Activity 8 in pairs before the teacher does a whole class check.
Activity 9 is relatively simple but some verbs need attention –
to intrude into
to interfere in
to reduce
to encrypt

¾ Activity 9 Terrorism Did Not Start on September 11
Pre-reading. Ask students their opinion about the intelligence aspects of September 11 before
reading the text.
Solution – some discussion may occur.
1: A 2: B (probably better than A) 3: D 4: C 5: B

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¾ Activity 10 International Crime Alert
Transcript
Description:
Is a white male born in Kherson in the former Soviet Union on February 27,1952.He is one meter,
seventy-five centimeters in height, weighs ninety-two kilograms, and has brown hair and blue
eyes.

Case details:
Between 1989 and 1993 he was the executive of the U.S. based King Motor Oil Company.
Acting with at least twenty-five others in an organized crime group, Relish used fictitious
companies and fraudulent bank accounts to defraud the U.S. government and the state of New
Jersey of one hundred forty million dollars in fuel excise taxes. Erlikh used threats and violence
to collect money from others involved in the conspiracy. He also laundered eleven million
dollars in profits through Switzerland and other countries. He is charged with conspiracy, wire
fraud, money laundering, tax evasion, and other crimes.

Description:
Is a white male, born in Santa Cruz, Chile, on May 1, 1942. He is 180 centimeters in height,
weighs 77 kilograms, and has brown-grey hair and brown eyes. He wears reading glasses and
business attire. He speaks English and Spanish.

Case details:
Cluster bombs are metal canisters containing up to 240 small ‘bomblets’. The bomblets are
packed with high explosives and shrapnel. Dropped from aircraft, they cover a wide area with
deadly metal fragments, some of which are powerful enough to pierce armored plate. Iraqi
dictator Saddam Hussein used cluster bombs with terrible effect. A major supplier of these
deadly munitions is now an international fugitive. Carlos sold over 150 million dollars worth of
cluster bombs to the Saddam Hussein regime during the 1980s. The bombs were manufactured in
Chile with zirconium that was obtained illegally in the U.S.A. A U.S. arrest warrant was issued
on May 27 1993. Cardoen is charged with illegally exporting zirconium and U.S.-made parts and
moulds for bomb fuses through his U.S.-based company. The U.S. is seeking Cardoen ‘s
extradition to the United States. If you have information concerning Cardoen, you should contact
the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The U.S. will pay a reward for information that leads to
Cardoen’s arrest. The U.S. guarantees that all reports will be investigated and information will be
kept confidential.

Objectives
Stimulate discussion on the background and implications of present-day cyber-crime
Add awareness of nature of this type of crime and its relationships to organised crime.
Consider the measures against computer-based crime in democratic societies
Stimulate discussion on how this crime phenomenon may grow in Romania

Language development
Known vocabulary: much from this field is known, at least as passive awareness
Unknown vocabulary: related to specific terms and concepts in this area

This unit introduces students to some of the complexities of this growing area of criminality. The
"Internet" generation may know more about the intricacies of computers and the possibilities for
learning, communication and fun associated with information technology. However, this unit
provides background of a different type, with which most students may not be familiar. Credit
cards, even bank accounts may be "unknown territory" for many young Romanians. Bank
transfers, bank integrity, financial instruments like bonds, unit trusts or shares, savings schemes,
credit applications, privatisation processes etc. etc. are areas where, in less than 15 years since
1989, Romanians have found out "the hard way". With Caritas, SAFI, FNI, BancoRex, Discount

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English for Modern Policing

Bank, Dacia Felix, Turkish-Romanian Bank and several privatisation agencies to name just the
best-known. The unknowing customer has been outwitted by the unscrupulous machinations of
those who exploit capitalism for their own selfish gain.

In this unit, the teacher may sometimes find him/herself at a loss for explanations. It is certainly
an area where there is ample opportunity for the person who has the knowledge to exploit and
take advantage of those who do not. A good MODERN dictionary of "Banking and Finance"
such as that published by Oxford University Press is essential.

The objectives of the unit are simply to give the overview. Students will study the relevant areas
of financial law in their own language. There is no requirement for them to study what
accountancy, auditing, taxation law, banking or company law and other fields entail in English.
However, familiarity with the broad aspects of financial crime, including money laundering,
seems essential. This 'core' vocabulary is prominent in the texts. Students should be encouraged
to do their own research into other areas of " legal English".

Exercises and activities include both 'new' and 're-cycling' approaches and, as always, the
implications of texts, not merely getting the correct answers should be emphasised!

¾ Activity 1
This seems to be an issue of "crime does pay". As well as discussing the details of this case,
students should be encouraged to discuss cases they are familiar with from Romanian financial
scandals and how these arose, the persons involved and the legal basis. A 'case study' such as the
ENRON scandal in the USA, the Robert Maxwell scandal in Britain or the Schneider scandal in
Germany in the 1990s or the collapse of the Kirch media empire in Germany recently could be
the subject of a 'research project' for students.

# Exercise 2 Credit Card Fraud as Organised Crime
Some answers MUST be as given. There is some flexibility with others.
1. by 2. to 3. of 4. from 5. stores/enterprises/companies
6. as 7. in 8. the 9. only/merely 10. show/indicate
11. There 12. (well) – established/ (well-) known
13. been 14. on 15. groups/chains 16. on
17. network/ communication 18. activity/use/business
19. to 20. that 21. due 22. organisations'
23. become ( NOT been) 24. outside 25. for

# Exercise 3 Front-line Fraud
1: F 2: C 3: D 4: A
5: B 6: H 7: G 8: E

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UNIT 12 – Computer Crime, Fraud and Financial Crime

This is probably the best answer. You might consider other possibilities but keep the discourse
markers (pronouns / this) and information clues in mind when trying out other possibilities.

# Exercise 4 Card Fraudsters Prey on High Class Diners
These are the best correct possibilities. Be open to other answers, but circumspect!
1. has jumped 2. could reach 3. existed 4. was taken
5. were 6. sells 7. use 8. arrives
9. have not made / did not make 10. have begun 11. are removed
12. introduced 13. will be issued 14. are coordinated 15. will have replaced

¾ Activity 2 Dialogues
Encourage students to work out the dialogues, not merely the ideas
Even a XEROX copy of someone's signature and card details can be sufficient for subsequent
fraud.
You can even imagine a well-organised gang switching cards as most people don't check their
card when it is given back and it would not take a lot to stamp the basic info onto a blank plastic
card.

Some credit card payments require the cardholder to swipe the card through a machine which
prints out the receipt. Merely, saying "Sorry, it didn't work. Could you do it again, please?"
gives the crook a chance to get a second payment authorisation. Older credit card systems,
included placing the card on a special machine which printed the card details onto two (or
three) carbon paper receipts. The customer would sign all and the signature would go through
onto the other two. However, unless the printing was done in front of the customer "I'll just
have to check the details with the central credit agency computer" gives the crook the chance
to make several copies and then with the one signed copy, he can forge the signature and fill
in the amounts for goods which the customer did not receive. This was the " back-room of
the restaurant" scam!

As for stealing the card, the "shop assistant"/crook needs an accomplice who can steal it either by
subterfuge or by robbery. This, however, gives the card holder the chance to call the credit card
company – but most persons, especially at week-ends, or overseas don't keep the telephone
number handy nor do they have their credit card number handy, either!

Each credit card has a PIN (Personal Identification Number) but because this number is only
necessary if you are using a credit card to get money from an ATM AND it is more expensive to
use a credit card than a bank card (with MAESTRO, CIRRUS etc.) many people don't know their
credit card PIN!! Each time you use an ATM, your own bank (where you have that account) will
charge you a commission, usually 1.5% of the transaction with a minimum charge. Credit cards
(VISA, MASTERCARD etc.) have a CREDIT RATING and CREDIT LIMIT and there is no
charge if you do not exceed that limit in a given month. So, anybody can use it – to buy items up
to the limit- unless the card is "stopped".

Time required
4 hours to include reading comprehension, discussion, writing activity and monitoring.

Objectives
Stimulate discussion on the background and implications of present-day organised crime
Add awareness of multi-faceted nature of this phenomenon
Consider the vulnerability of Romania and the measures against organised crime

Language development
Known vocabulary: much from this field is known, at least as passive awareness
Unknown vocabulary: related specialised groups, concepts and fields (e.g. precursors)

TEACHER’S NOTES AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Useful for the opening discussion activity and for further clarification and discussion.

1) Organised crime = criminal activities that are carefully planned and controlled by a large
powerful secret organization (Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners, 2002)
2) Organised crime has become an important concern of national security agencies, it was
metaphorically compared with the "3 rd World War", a global threat gaining a strong foothold in
modern societies. Never has there been a more favourable global climate for organised crime.

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English for Modern Policing

3) There are a number of areas that demand the attention of Governments. These are (a) the
organised crime – corruption nexus (b) the use of off-shore banks for the purpose of laundering
money, (c) illicit business contributions to political campaign funds; (d) jurisdictional problems
arising in the investigation and prosecution of transnational corruption schemes, and (e) the
development of expertise in the investigation and prosecution of complex corruption cases.

The factors behind transnational crime include
a) disparity of income between rich and poor nations
b) civil war (e.g. Yugoslavia, African states leading to illegal migration, trafficking etc.)
c) global trade and computerisation, coupled with wide differences in national regulations and
taxes
d) provides lucrative smuggling opportunities (e.g. from Latin America to the wealthy consumer
markets of the US, or from Eastern Europe to Western Europe).
e) provides a breeding ground for black marketeers and gun runners.
f) offers opportunities to “launder” the profits of crime.

President Marcos of the Philippines, Saddam in Iraq and the Suharto family in Indonesia have
been accused of plundering national wealth and depositing vast sums in foreign bank accounts.
Former President Mobutu of Zaire was reported to have “re-located” several billion dollars and
several Central and South American presidents have been accused (and sometimes convicted) of
plundering their countries’ wealth.

In December 1998, the former Ukrainian prime minister Pavlo Lazarenko was arrested in
Switzerland on charges of money laundering. Other Eastern European politicians have been
strongly implicated in organised crime activities.

There might be four areas for governments to focus on in combatting corruption:
(a) economic development (b) democratic reform (c) a strong civil society with access to
information and a mandate to make the State act in an accountable manner (d) the presence of
the rule of law. Measures to prevent corruption, in the form of codes of conduct and training in
ethics must focus on various sectors and all levels within society to include local institutions in
the public and private sectors, including public administration, political office and corporations
at the local national and international levels.

There are a number of areas that demand the attention of Governments such as: (a) the organized
crime – corruption nexus (b) the use of off – shore banks for the purpose of laundering money (c)
illicit business contributions to political campaign funds, (d) jurisdictional problems arising in
the investigation and prosecution of transnational corruption schemes, and (e) the development
of expertise in the investigation and prosecution of complex corruption cases.

Methodology note
In all of the exercises, make sure that the content is discussed and understood. It is not
merely a matter of getting the correct answers! One approach is to ask students to work in
PAIRS to do all the sentences with a partner before moving into a whole-class round-up.
Don’t jump into the exercises COLD and simply do them item by item.

Listening : Transcript
Modern transnational crime has brought together a whole variety of crooks from developed and
developing countries. In the popular imagination, however, the Italian Mafia is the name most

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English for Modern Policing

closely associated with organised and violent crime. In fact, the term “mafia” formerly referred
only to Sicilian groups but has now entered the lexicon as a general term for all forms of
organised gangsterism. So, for example, the Moscow or St.Petersburg gangs are commonly
called ‘mafiya’ – the Russian mafia.

The Italian gangs- La Cosa Nostra in Sicily, Camorra in Campania and ‘Ndrangheta in Calabria-
were almost wiped out in the 1930s when Mussolini’s Fascist regime rounded up and imprisoned
all known leaders. Meanwhile, ‘prohibition’ in the United States had provided criminal gangs
with an opportunity of making large fortunes in ‘bootlegged’ alcohol. During this period, the US-
based Italian gangs began to cooperate in the formation of a smooth-running, nation-wide
organisation, making money not only from gambling, prostitution and loan-sharking, but also
from protection rackets, freight-handling, labour rackets, garbage-disposal, supermarkets, the
clothing industry and other rackets or ‘scams’.

Mafia power penetrated American society through its many direct links with judges, politicians,
trade union leaders and policemen. At that time, before drugs had become a major social
problem, the gangsters (mobsters) were not seen as too serious a threat to civilised society. They
somehow functioned as the “rogue elements” of the vibrant American entrepreneurial spirit and
its illicit economy. Even the FBI, under its eccentric Director, J. Edgar Hoover, refused to accept
the reality of organised crime until the 1960s when Robert Kennedy became Attorney-General.

The Mafia’s shift from localised rackets to sophisticated organised crime and its entrance into the
lucrative world of drug- smuggling, dealing and its associated money-laundering, owed much to
the Jewish crime boss Meyer Lansky and his partnership with the Sicilian-born Lucky Luciano.
This collaboration broke through the ethnic divide, enabling gangs to share information and
resources instead of warring with each other. Luciano was recently listed by Time magazine as
one of the most influential business ‘geniuses” of the 20th Century. Hardly good company for
Bill Gates to keep!

# Exercise 4
Make sure that you read through the completed sentences to ensure understanding of the
issues! Do not be satisfied with merely getting the correct answers!

# Exercise 7 The Main Focus of the SECI Centre
Read through the completed text after doing the exercise.
Students are given a lot of help in order for there to be no ambiguities and for the teacher to
concentrate on discussing the text and its implications.

¾ Activity 4 Translation activity
Allow time for discussion of alternatives and adding to students' range of language.
1. ... the fact that the law represents nothing but an object from which an abstraction/ (a mere
abstraction) can be made when interests require/demand it
2. ... The Timisoara Court has passed sentence
3. ... a sizeable operation/ a substantial operation
4. ... whose market value is
5. ... the fifth was placed /put on an international 'wanted" list
6. … At the final hearing
7. ... the judge acquitted the (proven) ringleader /leader of the gang/network
8. ... Alexa was detained by the police anti-drug unit
9. ... giving him the possibility/opportunity of making himself scarce / evading justice/ getting
away
10. ... undermining/ devaluing/ rendering (virtually) worthless the work put in by /done by
prosecutors and police over a period of several months/ for several months
11. ... Urcan was re-arrested / re-incarcerated as a result of / as a consequence of a decision by
the Timisoara Court of Appeal
12. ... against those who are trying to stop the scourge of white death to Sibiu

# Exercise 8 NCIS Drugs seizure
(Tapescript also on page 170 in Student’s Book)
National Criminal Intelligence Service intelligence today (3 October) helped jail four
Lincolnshire men and a Leeds man for a total of 55.5 years for their part in the supply of
£2.5 million worth of heroin and cannabis which was seized in a joint operation between the
National Crime Squad and Lincolnshire Police.The men were sentenced at Lincoln Crown
Court after three had pleaded guilty and two were found guilty after trial. The arrests
followed a protracted surveillance operation which originated in March 2001 in work
carried out by NCIS in their North East and South East regions. The package was then
passed to the National Crime Squad for action. On 19 May 2001 the men were arrested when
two articulated lorries were stopped in Spalding and Leeds. Searches revealed 18 kilos of
heroin in the lorry in Spalding and 110 kilos of cannabis in one in Leeds - the total estimated
street value of the drugs was £2.5 million. Three men were arrested on the A52 at the Roman
Café near Grantham, and the other two were arrested in Leeds. Both vehicles had recently
arrived in the UK from mainland Europe. The operation to seize the drugs and make the
arrests was carried out by the National Crime Squad's Calder branch and Lincolnshire Police,

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English for Modern Policing

with assistance from NCIS. Armed National Crime Squad officers were present when the
lorry was stopped in Spalding, but no shots were fired.
Details of the defendants are as follows:
Nicholas HOWARTH, aged 34, of Queens Road, Spalding, Lincs. - Possession with Intent to
Supply Heroin - pleaded guilty - sentenced to 19 years.
Martin WILKINSON, aged 35, also of Queens Road, Spalding - Possession with Intent to
Supply Heroin - was found guilty - sentenced to 8 years.
Richard THORNLEY, aged 29, of Main Road, Wigtoft, Lincs - Possession with Intent to Supply
Heroin - was found guilty - sentenced to 18 years.
Simon FAGG, aged 34, of Amberton Crescent, Gipton, Leeds - Possession with Intent to Supply
Cannabis - pleaded guilty - sentenced to 6 years.
William LAMBERT, aged 30, of Neville Avenue, Spalding, - Possession with intent to Supply
Heroin - pleaded guilty part way through the trial - sentenced to 4 years.

Detective Superintendent Graham WHITE, of Lincolnshire Police, said: "We work closely with
the National Crime Squad and other agencies to target and arrest offenders like these. People
like them are a high priority for Lincolnshire Police. They peddle misery and grief and we are
proud to be part of this operation which has taken them off the streets.
Detective Chief Inspector Gerry SMYTH, of the National Crime Squad, said: "This operation
was a good example of how partnership working within the police service can have a real impact
on serious and organised crime. The drugs seized were on their way to dealers who would have
fuelled the miserable trade in drugs to the tune of £2.5 million worth of heroin and cannabis.
Putting this network in prison disrupted the supply of those drugs and sent a clear warning to
others."

# Exercise 10 Discovery of drugs factory
1) is believed 2) had been produced 3) were arrested
4) were arrested 5) has been made safe 6) have been caught
7) is (being) used 8) was carried out
9) are being interviewed / have been interviewed (N.B. not were interviewed as the action could
continue)

¾ Activity 6 Precursors
The most appropriate order is given although there are some possible differences. You can
suggest this as probably the most logical sequence.

In deciding which chemicals to control a balance has to be struck between
control needs and the needs of legitimate commerce.

Many substances used in illicit drug production are also used in the chemical industry.
The 22 substances under control are commonly used in illicit drug
production as precursors, solvents or reagents. They are controlled at both the international
level and at community level.

The chemicals are placed in three categories, attracting different
levels of control. For instance, category 1 contains chemicals with few or limited legitimate
uses such as 1-phenyl-2-propanone which is rarely used for licit purposes, and Ephedrine, which
is used in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. These substances are used in the
illicit manufacturing of synthetic drugs and have the tightest controls.

Categories 2 and 3 contain chemicals which are in much more common use, such as
Acetone and Hydrochloric Acid. The chemicals are often traded in large quantities and
controls are correspondingly lighter.

Full details of the chemicals and controls can be found in the Guidelines for Industry produced
by the European Commission.

# Exercise 11
Match the word with its definition
1. to fuel (C) A. to focus on/ aim at
2. to the tune of … (D) B. collaboration; cooperation
3. to peddle (E) C. to make something worse by providing more
4. partnership (B) D. to the quantity (amount/sum) of …
5. to target (A) E. to sell (usually illegally)

¾ Activity 9 Drug Slang
an addict : JUNKIE heroin: HORSE ( also "H" )
L.S.D.: ACID to buy drugs : to SCORE
to inject drugs: to FIX drug dealer: PUSHER
amphetamines: "Uppers and DOWNERS"
marijuana: WEED / GRASS to overdose : OD
cocaine:SNOW crystallised cocaine: CRACK
taking LSD: (go on a TRIP/ take a TRIP)
to be addicted: to have a MONKEY on your back
to come off drugs : to go COLD TURKEY
no longer using drugs: CLEAN
to be under the influence of drugs at that time: HIGH or STONED

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UNIT 14

CRIMINOLOGY

METHODOLOGY AND KEY TO EXERCISES AND ACTIVITIES

Year 2 Semester 2

Time required: 4 hours to include reading comprehension, discussion, writing activity and
monitoring.

Objectives: Stimulate discussion on the background, concepts and applications of criminology
in combatting crime
Add awareness of specialised field of study
Consider the role of the police officer in his/her relationship to the social aspects of criminality.

Language development
Known vocabulary: much from this field is known, at least as passive awareness
Unknown vocabulary: related specialised terminology, concepts and fields (e.g. profiling)

This unit introduces some complex concepts with outlines of philosophical, psychological and
social factors which should be of interest to the student. In recent years, more emphasis has been
placed in the media (especially on 'Discovery Channel') on aspects such as the psychology of the
criminal mind, 'profiling' and a sort of inter-disciplinary approach to solving crime.
This unit should give students the opportunity of consolidating their general awareness with
more specific language.

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UNIT 14 – Criminology

¾ Activity 1
Students should be encouraged to discuss these issues in depth based on the case itself.

¾ Activity 7 Lombroso’s Biological Theories of Deviance
His theory states that the origins of criminal behavior are biological, citing physical deviations
noted in criminals. He believed in the concept of the atavistic, or the "born" criminal. This
exercise contains a checklist of the physiognomic features Lombroso believed to indicate a
criminal personality.

¾ Activity 8 Victims and Perprtrators : A Sociological Approach
These activities can be done first in pairs, then as a whole-class round-up.
Ask students to speculate on the background, profession, age, category and degree of guilt of the
six persons described. Do not give the solutions too soon!
For copyright reasons, these photographs cannot be included in the Student’s Book. The
teacher might m pass around the photos or have a single enlarged version for students to
come and look at. The photos are not absolutely essential to the activity, although ideally
they may be used to enable students to examine pre-conceptions of perpetrator and victim!

Do you have a knack for discovering a criminal? Imagine you are an ordinary policeman-
which of the following look suspicious, and which, harmless, to you?

¾ Activity 11
Although this may seem like a fun activity, "money talks" and one can imagine that
psychiatrists are sometimes confronted with clients who are engaged in illegal activities.
The Robert de Niro/ Billy Crystal movies exploit this idea!

¾ Activity 12 The Slang Lesson
Students should be encouraged to look for other examples of "criminal slang"

¾ Activity 14 Career Criminals
Encourage students to ask about unknown vocabulary in the texts and be prepared to answer any
queries.

¾ Activity 16 (possible answers)
a) regular habits / known personality / probably trusting / perhaps complacent because the town
is quiet and law-abiding
b) obvious dangers/ "company he keeps" / drugs: illicit money connection
c) vulnerable to violence especially from "out-of-towners" / known to restricted circle
d) depends on time of day/location etc. even on dress (“sexy jogging gear" or normal functional
clothes) and her fitness
e) similar to b) but may vary from place to place (e.g. such a person is less vulnerable in, for
example, Amsterdam or Berlin , than in, e.g. Warsaw, Prague or Sofia)
f) depends on function / does he carry money or not?/ are people (potential clients) "vetted" =
checked before he pays them a visit at home / depends on personality (pushy ? / aggressive? )
g) depends on locality / working hours / type of station/ location of till =cash box / depends on
cash sales versus credit card use etc.

Exercise 9 What Happens When a Lay Visit is Made?
1. is told / said
2. are taken / shown / escorted
3. are addressed / known / identified / referred to
4. are held / conducted
5. are refused / denied
6. is prepared / compiled / written - are provided
7. is obtained / acquired / collected / found
is seen - be treated - are obliged / required

Strangeways Prison Riot
Listening
Reports have been coming in of further deaths in the worst prison riot in Britain in the last
hundred and fifty years at Strangeways Prison, Manchester. Far from being under control, the
situation at the prison seems to be escalating and, now in its second day, the police and prison
authorities seem to have failed to curb the violence and chaos which started yesterday. It
appears that several parts of the building are still on fire, with smoke billowing out but the
actual location of the fires is still not known.

There are large groups of prisoners on the roof of the chapel and, at the moment, the whole
situation inside the prison is unclear. This morning a police intervention squad managed to
enter the prison followed by firemen who succeeded in controlling a fire in the gymnasium
block. Dozens of ambulances and other vehicles have been seen entering and leaving the prison
but the Home Office has refused to confirm or deny reports that there are at least 11 dead and
50 wounded.

It seems that at least half of the 1600 prisoners in Strangeways are loose in the prison, while an
estimated 700 have surrendered and have either been transferred to other prisons or are being
held in one secured area of the prison. According to reports, the remaining prisoners have
barricaded themselves into two cellblocks which are under the complete control of the rioters.
These prisoners are resisting all attempts to remove them and, apparently, no communication is
possible with them at the moment.

The riot started during the Sunday morning service in the prison chapel. This is one of the very
few occasions when many prisoners are gathered in the same area. One prison officer said in an
unofficial statement that trouble had been brewing for several months, mainly due to
overcrowding and restrictions or reductions in exercise and visiting hours.
In some cases, three prisoners are sharing a cell designed for one prisoner.

Journalists report having seen heavy police reinforcements in vans close to the prison including
canisters of tear gas and rifles. This indicates how serious the situation has become and how the
police might need to resort to the most extreme measures to get this riot under control. An
official spokesperson for Greater Manchester police told the press that all forms of intervention
were being considered but that negotiations would continue as far as possible.