INDEED, TAKEN WHOLE, THE UPSIDE-DOWN Constitution might be said to comprise five books at once: a philosophical meditation on the framers' intentions and the character of the regime they erected; an imaginative reassessment of the Constitution's inner structure; a short and highly instructive history of the myriad ways in which constitutional rules decisively shaped American economic and political development in the 19th century; a critique of significant Supreme Court decisions from John Marshall's day to our own; and a clinical pathology of the factional exploitation and political opportunism encouraged (with malice aforethought, Greve would say) by the New Deal revolution.

Having already proved that they are a government that rules by ignorance, malice aforethought, spitefulness, punishment of the weak, sick and elderly and sheer hypocrisy, they have just told the electorate that we shall be having more of the same, plus they have vetoed the publishing of the risk assessment of the NHS changes.

Beleaguered conservative professors, increasingly alienated from a university world that has deliberately (with malice aforethought, one might say) alienated itself from the best traditions of Western civilization, are seeking precisely an escape into a realm where devotion to learning is not subverted by a radical political and social agenda.

Therefore, the crime of murder, which carries the most severe punishments in the English legal system (life imprisonment), is considered a common law offense (a crime included in jurisprudence and one with no definition in a legal text), being defined by Coke as the following: "Murder is when a man of sound memory, and the age of discretion, unlawfully killeth within any county of the realm any reasonable creature in rerum natura under the king's peace, with malice aforethought, either expressed by the party or implied by law, so as the party wounded, or hurt etc.

Massachusetts statutory law defines first-degree murder as "[m]urder committed with deliberately premeditated malice aforethought, or with extreme atrocity or cruelty, or in the commission or attempted commission of a crime punishable with death or imprisonment for life.

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