Chromatin

Sister Chromatids

Either of two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteins at the centromere and, sometimes, along the arms. While joined, two of these make up one chromosome; chromatids are eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.

Cytokinesis

Mitotic spindle

Chromosome

A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. (In bacteria it usually consists of a single circular DNA molecule and associated proteins. It is found in the nucleoid region, which is not membrane bounded.)

Diploid cells

Haploid cells

Homologous chromosomes

are two chromosomes that are the same. This happens because diploid organisms have two of each chromosome. One inherited from the individual's mother and the other one was inherited from the individual's father.

Locus

Karyotype

Sister chromatids

Either of two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteins at the centromere and, sometimes, along the arms. While joined, two sister chromatids make up one chromosome; chromatids are eventually separated during mitosis or meiosis II.

Homologous chromosomes

A pair that have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother.

Gametes

Mitosis

Synapsis

Chiasma

The X-shaped, microscopically visible region where homologous nonsister chromatids have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis, the two homologs remaining associated due to sister chromatid cohesion.

Dihybrid

Dihybrid

Blending hypothesis

The apparent fusion in offspring of distinct, dissimilar characteristics of the parents. these characteristics are usually of a quantitative nature, such as height, and fail to segregate in successive generations. The phenomenon is the result of multiple pairs of genes that have a cumulative effect.

1/16

Dominant

You cross a true-breeding red-flowered snapdragon with a true-breeding white-flowered one. All of the F1 are pink. What does this say about the alleles for the parental traits? Red is incompletely _________.

Incomplete dominance

Fetoscopy

1/4

Rhesus factor is inherited in a complete dominance pattern where R is positive and r is negative. Predict the probabilities of all of the following crosses with known blood types. AB positive (IA IB, R, r) crossed to O negative (i i, r r)

Dominant

If an organism heterozygous for both genes is crossed to another heterozygote, what phetotype do you expect to be the most abundant in the F1 generation if red is dominant to white and tall is dominant to dwarf.

Multiple Alleles

Pleiotropy

Epistasis

12/16

In corn, kernel color is affected by 2 unlinked genes. One gene pair determines whether or not pigment precursors are synthesized. No pigment (white) is dominant to pigment. The second gene pair determines the color of pigment only when precursors are made. Purple is dominant to yellow. Two white seeded plants are crossed (both plants heterozygous at both gene pairs). What are the expected white phenotype ratios in the offspring?

3/16

In corn, kernel color is affected by 2 unlinked genes. One gene pair determines whether or not pigment precursors are synthesized. No pigment (white) is dominant to pigment. The second gene pair determines the color of pigment only when precursors are made. Purple is dominant to yellow. Two white seeded plants are crossed (both plants heterozygous at both gene pairs). What are the expected purple phenotype ratios in the offspring?

1/16

In corn, kernel color is affected by 2 unlinked genes. One gene pair determines whether or not pigment precursors are synthesized. No pigment (white) is dominant to pigment. The second gene pair determines the color of pigment only when precursors are made. Purple is dominant to yellow. Two white seeded plants are crossed (both plants heterozygous at both gene pairs). What are the expected yellow phenotype ratios in the offspring?

12/16

2 genes interact to determine seed coat color in a variety of bush beans. At the first gene locus, black is the dominant allele and masks color at the second gene locus. If black color is absent at the first gene locus, then brown is dominant to white at the second gene locus.
Perform a cross between a homozygous dominant (for both genes) black seeded bush bean with a truebreeding white one, indicate the genotype and phenotype of the F1 offspring. Perform a second cross between 2 F1 progeny, listing the genotypes and phenotypes (along with their ratios) of the F2 progeny. What is the ratio of the black phetotypes in F2?

3/16

2 genes interact to determine seed coat color in a variety of bush beans. At the first gene locus, black is the dominant allele and masks color at the second gene locus. If black color is absent at the first gene locus, then brown is dominant to white at the second gene locus.
Perform a cross between a homozygous dominant (for both genes) black seeded bush bean with a truebreeding white one, indicate the genotype and phenotype of the F1 offspring. Perform a second cross between 2 F1 progeny, listing the genotypes and phenotypes (along with their ratios) of the F2 progeny. What is the ratio of the brown phetotypes in F2?

1/16

2 genes interact to determine seed coat color in a variety of bush beans. At the first gene locus, black is the dominant allele and masks color at the second gene locus. If black color is absent at the first gene locus, then brown is dominant to white at the second gene locus.
Perform a cross between a homozygous dominant (for both genes) black seeded bush bean with a truebreeding white one, indicate the genotype and phenotype of the F1 offspring. Perform a second cross between 2 F1 progeny, listing the genotypes and phenotypes (along with their ratios) of the F2 progeny. What is the ratio of the white phetotypes in F2?

Dominant

Recessive

24/1

Silky feathers in fowl are caused by a gene whose effect is recessive to that for normal feathers. If 96 birds were raised from a cross between heterozygous parents, how many would you expect to have silky feathers?

72/1

Silky feathers in fowl are caused by a gene whose effect is recessive to that for normal feathers. If 96 birds were raised from a cross between heterozygous parents, how many would you expect to have normal feathers?

1/1

brown eyes (B) are dominant to red eyes (b) in fruit flies
A brown-eyed fly lands on your banana. You are curious to know its genotype. You catch this fly and put it in a vial with a red-eyed fly. What ratio of brown-eyed offspring will you find in the vial if the brown-eyed fly was homozygous?

1/2

brown eyes (B) are dominant to red eyes (b) in fruit flies
A brown-eyed fly lands on your banana. You are curious to know its genotype. You catch this fly and put it in a vial with a red-eyed fly. What ratio of red-eyed offspring would you see among the offspring if the brown-eyed fly was heterozygous?

1/2

brown eyes (B) are dominant to red eyes (b) in fruit flies
A brown-eyed fly lands on your banana. You are curious to know its genotype. You catch this fly and put it in a vial with a red-eyed fly. What ratio of brown-eyed offspring would you see among the offspring if the brown-eyed fly was heterozygous?

9/16

In Drosophila melanogaster, one gene pair affects wing size. Normal wings are dominant over vestigial wings. Another independently assorting gene pair affects body color. Normal tan color body is dominant to ebony body color. A cross is made between a true-breeding fly normal for wings and body color and a fly with vestigial wings and ebony body color. All F1 progeny are normal in appearance. The F1 offspring are crossed to themselves and 512 F2 are produced. In the F2, what ratio of the 512 would you expect to fit into the normal wings with a normal tan body class?

3/16

In Drosophila melanogaster, one gene pair affects wing size. Normal wings are dominant over vestigial wings. Another independently assorting gene pair affects body color. Normal tan color body is dominant to ebony body color. A cross is made between a true-breeding fly normal for wings and body color and a fly with vestigial wings and ebony body color. All F1 progeny are normal in appearance. The F1 offspring are crossed to themselves and 512 F2 are produced. In the F2, what ratio of the 512 would you expect to fit into the vestigial wings, normal tan body class?

3/16

In Drosophila melanogaster, one gene pair affects wing size. Normal wings are dominant over vestigial wings. Another independently assorting gene pair affects body color. Normal tan color body is dominant to ebony body color. A cross is made between a true-breeding fly normal for wings and body color and a fly with vestigial wings and ebony body color. All F1 progeny are normal in appearance. The F1 offspring are crossed to themselves and 512 F2 are produced. In the F2, how many of the 512 would you expect to fit into the normal wings, ebony body class?

1/16

In Drosophila melanogaster, one gene pair affects wing size. Normal wings are dominant over vestigial wings. Another independently assorting gene pair affects body color. Normal tan color body is dominant to ebony body color. A cross is made between a true-breeding fly normal for wings and body color and a fly with vestigial wings and ebony body color. All F1 progeny are normal in appearance. The F1 offspring are crossed to themselves and 512 F2 are produced. In the F2, how many of the 512 would you expect to fit into the vestigial wings, ebony body class?

Heterozygous

In peas, purple flowers are completely dominant to white flowers. What are the genotypes of the parents in the following cross?
purple X purple: produce purple and white flowers.
The purple flowers were purple ________?

Homozygous

In peas, purple flowers are completely dominant to white flowers. What are the genotypes of the parents in the following cross?
purple X white: produce only purple flowers.
The white and purple parent flowers are _____.

Heterozygous

In peas, purple flowers are completely dominant to white flowers. What are the genotypes of the parents in the following cross?
purple X white: produce purple and white flowers. The purple flower parent is? ________

Homozygous

In peas, purple flowers are completely dominant to white flowers. What are the genotypes of the parents in the following cross?
purple X white: produce purple and white flowers. The white flower parent is? ________

3/8

In peas, Tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t)
Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y)
Round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r)
A plant with this genotype, TT Yy Rr, is crossed to one with this genotype, Tt Yy rr.
What percent of the offspring from this cross will have the following phenotype:
tall, yellow, round

1/8

In peas, Tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t)
Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y)
Round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r)
A plant with this genotype, TT Yy Rr, is crossed to one with this genotype, Tt Yy rr.
What percent of the offspring from this cross will have the following phenotype:
tall, green, round

1/8

In peas, Tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t)
Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y)
Round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r)
A plant with this genotype, TT Yy Rr, is crossed to one with this genotype, Tt Yy rr.
What percent of the offspring from this cross will have the following phenotype:
tall, green, wrinkled

0/1

In peas, Tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t)
Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y)
Round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r)
A plant with this genotype, TT Yy Rr, is crossed to one with this genotype, Tt Yy rr.
What percent of the offspring from this cross will have the following phenotype:
dwarf, green, round

1/32

5 different traits were studied in one species of peas. Those traits are as follows:
black stem (R) is dominant to red stem (r), tall plant (D) is dominant to dwarf plant (d), inflated pods (C) are dominant to constricted pods (c), round peas (O) are dominant to oval peas (o), and purple flowers (W) are dominant to white flowers (w). The following cross was made in the F1 generation:
Rr Dd cc Oo Ww X Rr dd Cc oo ww

What is the probability of producing the following genotype, Rr Dd cc Oo ww, from these parents (use the multiplication rule)?

3/64

5 different traits were studied in one species of peas. Those traits are as follows:
black stem (R) is dominant to red stem (r), tall plant (D) is dominant to dwarf plant (d), inflated pods (C) are dominant to constricted pods (c), round peas (O) are dominant to oval peas (o), and purple flowers (W) are dominant to white flowers (w). The following cross was made in the F1 generation:
Rr Dd cc Oo Ww X Rr dd Cc oo ww

What is the probability of obtaining a black stem, dwarf, constricted, oval, purple phenotype from this cross (use the multiplication and sum rules)?

1/1

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratio of red would you expect among the offspring of the following cross?
a) red X red

1/2

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratio of red would you expect among the offspring of the following cross?

1/2

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratio of pink would you expect among the offspring of the following cross?

1/4

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratio of white would you expect among the offspring of the following cross?
pink X pink

1/2

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratio of pink would you expect among the offspring of the following cross?
pink X pink

1/4

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratio of red would you expect among the offspring of the following cross?
pink X pink

3/8

In peas, Tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t)
Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y)
Round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r)
A plant with this genotype, TT Yy Rr, is crossed to one with this genotype, Tt Yy rr.
What percent of the offspring from this cross will have the following phenotype:
tall, yellow, round

1/8

In peas, Tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t)
Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y)
Round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r)
A plant with this genotype, TT Yy Rr, is crossed to one with this genotype, Tt Yy rr.
What percent of the offspring from this cross will have the following phenotype:

1/8

In peas, Tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t)
Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y)
Round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r)
A plant with this genotype, TT Yy Rr, is crossed to one with this genotype, Tt Yy rr.
What percent of the offspring from this cross will have the following phenotype:

0/1

In peas, Tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t)
Yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y)
Round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r)
A plant with this genotype, TT Yy Rr, is crossed to one with this genotype, Tt Yy rr.
What percent of the offspring from this cross will have the following phenotype:

3/64

5 different traits were studied in one species of peas. Those traits are as follows:
black stem (R) is dominant to red stem (r), tall plant (D) is dominant to dwarf plant (d), inflated pods (C) are dominant to constricted pods (c), round peas (O) are dominant to oval peas (o), and purple flowers (W) are dominant to white flowers (w). The following cross was made in the F1 generation:
Rr Dd cc Oo Ww X Rr dd Cc oo ww

What is the probability of obtaining a black stem, dwarf, constricted, oval, purple phenotype from this cross (use the multiplication and sum rules)?

1/32

5 different traits were studied in one species of peas. Those traits are as follows:
black stem (R) is dominant to red stem (r), tall plant (D) is dominant to dwarf plant (d), inflated pods (C) are dominant to constricted pods (c), round peas (O) are dominant to oval peas (o), and purple flowers (W) are dominant to white flowers (w). The following cross was made in the F1 generation:
Rr Dd cc Oo Ww X Rr dd Cc oo ww
What is the probability of producing the following genotype, Rr Dd cc Oo ww, from these parents (use the multiplication rule)?

1/1

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratios would you expect among the offspring of the following crosses?
red X red

1/2

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratios would you expect among the offspring of the following crosses?

1/2

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratios would you expect among the offspring of the following crosses?

1/2

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratios of pink would you expect among the offspring of the following crosses?

1/4

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratios of red would you expect among the offspring of the following crosses?

1/4

In four-o'clock flowers, red flower color is incompletely dominant to white flower color, with pink being a heterozygous condition. What ratios of white would you expect among the offspring of the following crosses?

N

Blood typing can be used to exclude the paternity of a child. One gene, MN, is inherited in a codominant pattern (both M and N are dominant and appear as proteins on the blood cell surface). If a woman with N type blood gives birth to a baby with MN type blood, what type of blood would the father have to have in order to be excluded as the parent of this child?

1/1

Multiple Alleles, problem A
In guinea pigs, one of the genes that affect coat color has a number of different alleles. Homozygous combinations produce the following phenotypes:
CbCb = black
CsCs = sepia
CcCc = cream
CaCa = albino
Assuming that these alleles show complete dominance in this order, Cb>Cs>Cc>Ca, what is the expected ratio of black offspring in the following cross?
homozygous black X homozygous sepia

1/1

Multiple Alleles, problem A
In guinea pigs, one of the genes that affect coat color has a number of different alleles. Homozygous combinations produce the following phenotypes:
CbCb = black
CsCs = sepia
CcCc = cream
CaCa = albino
Assuming that these alleles show complete dominance in this order, Cb>Cs>Cc>Ca, what is the expected ration of sepia offspring in the following cross?

1/1

Multiple Alleles, problem A
In guinea pigs, one of the genes that affect coat color has a number of different alleles. Homozygous combinations produce the following phenotypes:
CbCb = black
CsCs = sepia
CcCc = cream
CaCa = albino
Assuming that these alleles show complete dominance in this order, Cb>Cs>Cc>Ca, what is the expected ration of cream offspring in the following cross?

3/4

Multiple Alleles, problem A
In guinea pigs, one of the genes that affect coat color has a number of different alleles. Homozygous combinations produce the following phenotypes:
CbCb = black
CsCs = sepia
CcCc = cream
CaCa = albino
Assuming that these alleles show complete dominance in this order, Cb>Cs>Cc>Ca, what are the expected phenotypes of offspring of the following crosses?

1/4

Multiple Alleles, problem A
In guinea pigs, one of the genes that affect coat color has a number of different alleles. Homozygous combinations produce the following phenotypes:
CbCb = black
CsCs = sepia
CcCc = cream
CaCa = albino
Assuming that these alleles show complete dominance in this order, Cb>Cs>Cc>Ca, what are the expected phenotypes of offspring of the following crosses?

3/4

Multiple Alleles, problem A
In guinea pigs, one of the genes that affect coat color has a number of different alleles. Homozygous combinations produce the following phenotypes:
CbCb = black
CsCs = sepia
CcCc = cream
CaCa = albino
Assuming that these alleles show complete dominance in this order, Cb>Cs>Cc>Ca, what are the expected phenotypes of offspring of the following crosses?

1/4

Multiple Alleles, problem A
In guinea pigs, one of the genes that affect coat color has a number of different alleles. Homozygous combinations produce the following phenotypes:
CbCb = black
CsCs = sepia
CcCc = cream
CaCa = albino
Assuming that these alleles show complete dominance in this order, Cb>Cs>Cc>Ca, what are the expected phenotypes of offspring of the following crosses?

3/4

Multiple Alleles, problem A
In guinea pigs, one of the genes that affect coat color has a number of different alleles. Homozygous combinations produce the following phenotypes:
CbCb = black
CsCs = sepia
CcCc = cream
CaCa = albino
Assuming that these alleles show complete dominance in this order, Cb>Cs>Cc>Ca, what are the expected phenotypes of offspring of the following crosses?

1/4

Multiple Alleles, problem A
In guinea pigs, one of the genes that affect coat color has a number of different alleles. Homozygous combinations produce the following phenotypes:
CbCb = black
CsCs = sepia
CcCc = cream
CaCa = albino
Assuming that these alleles show complete dominance in this order, Cb>Cs>Cc>Ca, what are the expected phenotypes of offspring of the following crosses?

ash red, brown X ash red, brown OR ash red, white

In pigeons, feather color is influenced by a gene consisting of multiple alleles, the alleles show dominance in the following order: ash red > blue > brown > white. Determine the genotypes of the parents of the following crosses:
ash red X ash red produces ash red and brown

blue, white X brown, white

In pigeons, feather color is influenced by a gene consisting of multiple alleles, the alleles show dominance in the following order: ash red > blue > brown > white. Determine the genotypes of the parents of the following crosses:
blue X brown produces blue, brown, and white

ash red, blue X brown, brown OR brown, white

In pigeons, feather color is influenced by a gene consisting of multiple alleles, the alleles show dominance in the following order: ash red > blue > brown > white. Determine the genotypes of the parents of the following crosses:

brown, white X brown, white

In pigeons, feather color is influenced by a gene consisting of multiple alleles, the alleles show dominance in the following order: ash red > blue > brown > white. Determine the genotypes of the parents of the following crosses:

12/16

In corn, kernel color is affected by 2 unlinked genes. One gene pair determines whether or not pigment precursors are synthesized. No pigment (white) is dominant to pigment. The second gene pair determines the color of pigment only when precursors are made. Purple is dominant to yellow. Two white seeded plants are crossed (both plants heterozygous at both gene pairs). What are the expected white ratio phenotypes in the offspring?

1/16

In corn, kernel color is affected by 2 unlinked genes. One gene pair determines whether or not pigment precursors are synthesized. No pigment (white) is dominant to pigment. The second gene pair determines the color of pigment only when precursors are made. Purple is dominant to yellow. Two white seeded plants are crossed (both plants heterozygous at both gene pairs). What are the expected yellow ratio phenotypes in the offspring?

3/16

In corn, kernel color is affected by 2 unlinked genes. One gene pair determines whether or not pigment precursors are synthesized. No pigment (white) is dominant to pigment. The second gene pair determines the color of pigment only when precursors are made. Purple is dominant to yellow. Two white seeded plants are crossed (both plants heterozygous at both gene pairs). What are the expected purple ratio phenotypes in the offspring?

12/16

2 genes interact to determine seed coat color in a variety of bush beans. At the first gene locus, black is the dominant allele and masks color at the second gene locus. If black color is absent at the first gene locus, then brown is dominant to white at the second gene locus.
Perform a cross between a homozygous dominant (for both genes) black seeded bush bean with a truebreeding white one, indicate the genotype and phenotype of the F1 offspring. Perform a second cross between 2 F1 progeny, listing the genotypes and phenotypes (along with their ratios) of the F2 progeny.

3/16

2 genes interact to determine seed coat color in a variety of bush beans. At the first gene locus, black is the dominant allele and masks color at the second gene locus. If black color is absent at the first gene locus, then brown is dominant to white at the second gene locus.
Perform a cross between a homozygous dominant (for both genes) black seeded bush bean with a truebreeding white one, indicate the genotype and phenotype of the F1 offspring. Perform a second cross between 2 F1 progeny, listing the genotypes and phenotypes (along with their ratios) of the F2 progeny.

1/16

2 genes interact to determine seed coat color in a variety of bush beans. At the first gene locus, black is the dominant allele and masks color at the second gene locus. If black color is absent at the first gene locus, then brown is dominant to white at the second gene locus.
Perform a cross between a homozygous dominant (for both genes) black seeded bush bean with a truebreeding white one, indicate the genotype and phenotype of the F1 offspring. Perform a second cross between 2 F1 progeny, listing the genotypes and phenotypes (along with their ratios) of the F2 progeny.

Multifactorial

Multifactorial

With ______ inherited disorders carriers show no symptoms of disease, but there is also the risk of stigmatizing those who are unaffected carriers because they have the potential of having affected children.

Dominant

Dominant

If it is _______ X linked allele The daughter that is heterozygous would have a phenotype of the ________ X linked allele, but would carry an allele that is not associated with the X linked allele as well.

1

1

Hemophilia is a X linked recessive. A female is a carrier. She mates with a male who has normal blood clotting. A homozygous dominant male would not carry it or show it. ultimately the males had a chance of 50% normal, 50% hemophilia chance

1

Hemophilia is a X linked recessive. A female is a carrier. She mates with a male who has normal blood clotting. A homozygous recessive male would carry it and would show it. ultimately the males had a chance of 50% normal, 50% hemophilia chance

inactivation

Even though the female has 2 X chromosomes only one of those X genes is expressing proteins. The other x is barred in. This is called x _______. Men and women therefore have the same amount of gene expression.

Prometaphase

homologous

yes

Consider an animal cell in which motor proteins in the kinetochores normally pull the chromosomes along the kinetochore microtubules during mitosis.

Suppose, however, that during metaphase, this cell was treated with an inhibitor that blocks the function of the motor proteins in the kinetochore, but allows the kinetochore to remain attached to the spindle. The inhibitor has no effect on any other mitotic process, including the function of the nonkinetochore microtubules.
If the animal cell has been treated with the inhibitor:

yes

Consider an animal cell in which motor proteins in the kinetochores normally pull the chromosomes along the kinetochore microtubules during mitosis.

Suppose, however, that during metaphase, this cell was treated with an inhibitor that blocks the function of the motor proteins in the kinetochore, but allows the kinetochore to remain attached to the spindle. The inhibitor has no effect on any other mitotic process, including the function of the nonkinetochore microtubules.
If the animal cell has been treated with the inhibitor:
Will the sister chromatids separate from each other? (yes or no?)

no

Consider an animal cell in which motor proteins in the kinetochores normally pull the chromosomes along the kinetochore microtubules during mitosis.

Suppose, however, that during metaphase, this cell was treated with an inhibitor that blocks the function of the motor proteins in the kinetochore, but allows the kinetochore to remain attached to the spindle. The inhibitor has no effect on any other mitotic process, including the function of the nonkinetochore microtubules.
If the animal cell has been treated with the inhibitor:
Will the chromosomes move to the poles of the cell? (yes or no?)

Haploid

Meiosis II

In _____ sister chromatids separate and four haploid cells are formed. Note that each has half the chromosomes of the parent cell. These cells differ genetically from each other and from the cells of the parents.