美国能源部长里克·佩里在剑桥能源周谈能源新现实主义

Thank you for that kind introduction….and welcome to America’s energy capital.

谢谢。欢迎大家来到美国能源之都——休斯敦

It’s been a full year since I first became the U.S. Secretary of Energy.

我当任能源部长有一年之久了。

During that time, I’ve gotten to travel and meet many of my counterparts and the many stakeholders who are here for CERA Week2018.

这期间，我去过很多地方，拜访过很多同行和合作伙伴。他们中不少人今天也来到剑桥能源周。

For those of you who were at CERA last year, this city looks substantially the same as it was when you last gathered.

去年也有一些嘉宾就来过，对你们来说，一年来休斯敦基本上没有太大变化。

And that speaks volumes to its remarkable resilience in the wake of Hurricane Harvey, which took a number of lives, destroyed or damaged homes and other property, and displaced many people and families across the region.

这就恰恰体现了休斯敦的恢复力和坚韧品格。去年，这里经历了哈维飓风，许多人失去生命，很多家庭和财物损失巨大，无数人们无家可归。

I could not be prouder of the herculean response of Houston and its people to this monumental challenge.

然而，休斯敦和这座城市的人们在大灾大难前英勇不屈，我为他们感到骄傲之至。

This annual gathering is often the platform for important announcements and this year is no different.

剑桥能源周探讨的都是重大课题，今年也不例外。

Just the other day the Meridian Spirit embarked from Sabine Pass with an LNG shipment to India.

前不久，马丽典号LNG船从萨宾帕斯LNG工厂出发，前往印度。

And just last week a LNG tanker left Cove Point, Maryland with its first shipment.

上周，一艘LNG船离开马里兰州，运出该州的第一艘LNG。

These shipments underscore the Trump Administration’s desire to export more natural resources and innovation technologies to the world.

这些出口的天然气完全体现了特朗普这届政府期望提升天然气出口量，增加技术的输出力度。

And just a few weeks ago, right here in Houston, DOE met with producers and midstream developers to identify the next generation of technologies to unlock more of our nation’s resources. Whether carbon capture, developing new solar technology or stepping up efforts on storage, there is a tremendous amount of optimism in the energy sector and for obvious reasons.

I have had conversations with a number of you who are energy ministers and thought leaders, and think we can agree on a vital point:

我和一些能源部长和权威专家进行了一些探讨，大家都一致认为：

Energy security is a roadmap to economic prosperity.

能源安全为实现经济繁荣提供了路线图。

It’s a roadmap our nation has tried to follow, though we have had detours along the way. But today, we have the opportunity to reaffirm a new direction which I call the New Energy Realism.

美国就在遵循这个路线图，也走过一些弯路。但是，如今美国坚定了未来的方向，那就是能源新现实主义。

This “new energy realism” rests on the fact that America is in the midst of incredible energy progress.

提出“能源新现实主义”，一个基本背景是，美国能源的发展正日新月异。

Due to a cascade of technological breakthroughs driven by innovation, America is producing abundant, affordable energy from a wider range of sources than we ever thought possible…

创新带来一系列技术突破，美国从比以往更广泛的资源里生产出量大价廉的能源。

...and we are using this energy more cleanly and more efficiently as well.

同时，美国能源利用的环保程度更高，能效也提高了。

These advances have powerful implications both here and abroad.

这一发展在国内外都产生了巨大的影响。

Taken together, our successes refute old myths, debunk false choices, and transcend limitations, pointing the way to global energy security and shared prosperity.

总的看，美国能源的成功打破了神话，绕开了误区，破除了限制，找到了确保全球能源安全、共同繁荣的路子。

This dramatic progress is a decisive break from the1970s, when America began pursuing a fundamentally flawed energy policy for which we paid dearly.

这一巨大成功与上个世纪70年代走的是完全两条路。当时，美国能源政策从根本上就有缺陷，并为此付出了昂贵的代价。

Those promoting this policy actually called it realism.

而推进成功决策的，就是所谓的现实主义。

Those who believed in it claimed that the days of energy abundance were over.

笃信能源短缺的人都表示，能源富裕的日子已经结束了。

It was said we had a permanent energy shortage.

能源短缺问题永远存在。

It was said that even if we discovered new reserves, they would be too costly to produce or impossible to use without harming the environment.

他们认为，即使发现了新的资源，开发成本会非常高，要么就会破坏生态环境。

And the solution proposed was a bleak one -- draconian regulation of energy.

而他们的解决思路就是对能源予以严苛的管制。

These so-called realists could not have been more mistaken.

这些所谓的现实主义者就大错特错了。

Truth be told, we had no shortage of energy.

事实证明，我们没有遇到过能源短缺。

What we had was a shortage of imagination and a loss of confidence in our ability to innovate.

我们真正缺的是解放思想，是对技术创新信心不足。

Clearly, the naysayers weren’t realists at all… they were pessimists blinded to the reality of America’s innovative capabilities.

显然这些人算不得现实主义者，他们只是一群对美国创新能力一无所知的悲观派。

And unfortunately, this blindness ruled in one of the least innovative places on earth….Washington, D.C.

不幸的是，这些脑中空空的人却在华盛顿政府里说得上话，也难怪，华盛顿是最缺乏创新的地方。

In a place that so obviously favored regulation over innovation, it was no surprise when the government used one thumb to promote a favorite technology and the other hand to regulate those they didn’t like.

在华盛顿，人们偏好管制，而不注重创新。也难怪，政府的官员用一根手指头去鼓励创新，用剩下的九根手指头去管制他们不看好的技术。

So how did America move from perceived energy scarcity to unprecedented energy abundance?

那么，美国怎样从一个能源贫国，史无前例地转变为一个能源富裕国？

The answer is clear:

答案显而易见：

Beyond the Beltway, innovation revived.

不走寻常路，创新激活力。

Much of it was taking place in our National Laboratories but it didn’t stop there.

许多创新诞生于实验室，也走出了实验室。

In states like Texas, taxes were cut and regulations kept simple and transparent, giving people both the freedom and the incentive to innovate.

在德克萨斯州，税费降低，法规简单透明，人们创新就有更多自由空间和利益激励。

And with innovation came a revolution in energy technology.

能源技术因此也有了大幅创新。

As a former Texas governor, I’m proud that the major breakthroughs in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling – leading to our historic natural gas boom -- began right here in this state.

我曾经当过德州的州长，我非常骄傲，带来页岩气繁荣的水力压裂和水平井技术就是在这里取得历史性的突破。

And as U.S. Energy Secretary, I’m also proud of how our National Laboratories helped make not only this technology possible, but others as well, achieving breakthroughs that unleashed every energy source we had.

如今作为美国能源部长，我也感到骄傲，我们的研发不仅实现了水平井、水力压裂的突破，也实现了许多类似技术的创新突破，使每一寸资源都能得到释放。

This approach has science and innovation leading the way. And the results have been spectacular.

By nearly any measure, it became better, even as our economy expanded and energy development reached new heights.

而且，在经济增长，能源消耗不断增加的情况，环境却变好了，无论用什么角度评价都是如此。

From2005 to2017, while the U.S. economy grew, we also led the world in reducing carbon emissions, cutting them by14 percent over that period of time.

从2005年到2017年，美国经济增长同时，也引领了全球减排行动，这些年减少碳排放14%。

The lesson is clear.

经验是很清楚的。

We don’t have to choose between growing our economy and caring for our environment.

发展经济和保护环境是可以兼得的。

By embracing innovation over regulation, we can benefit both.

通过技术创新，我们可以两者兼得。

And THAT is the heart of our New Energy Realism.

这就是我们能源新现实主义的核心要义。

Over the past year, President Trump and his Administration have brought this realistic view to Washington... and we are seeing its benefits.

去年，特朗普总统就任以来，就将这个想法带到华盛顿，如今已经初见成效。

He has cut taxes and reduced regulations by historic numbers, putting Washington squarely on the side of innovators and investors.

他削减了税费，减少了法规条例，削减之多历史罕见，美国政府由此坚定地站在创新者和投资者这一边。

And this can only help the President’s plan to spur the construction of more infrastructure.

这也推动了特朗普刺激基础设施建设的计划。

Tax reductions will cut a major cost of doing business, while his proposal to reduce the permitting process to just two years will give investors the confidence to provide the necessary capital and communities visibility on project completion.

America is now on the cusp of energy independence, but the President would like to go farther.

如今，美国已经实现了能源独立，而特朗普总统还希望进一步强化。

He would like to share our energy bounty with the world and let the spirit of competition benefit consumers by providing more choices in the marketplace.

他希望，美国与世界分享能源红利，秉承竞争的精神，为市场提供更多的选择，造福广大消费者。

Already, we are sharing our natural gas.

我们已经出口我们的天然气了。

Last year, we became a net natural gas exporter.

去年，美国是天然气净出口国家。

Today, we export LNG to27 nations on five continents.

如今，美国LNG出口到五大洲27个国家。

We are increasing our coal exports substantially. These exports rose by an estimated61 percent last year over2016, according to the Energy Information Administration (EIA).

我们还在提高煤炭出口量。美国能源署统计，去年比前年，煤炭出口量猛增61%。

Last August, the first shipment of Pennsylvania thermal coal bound for Ukraine left the Port of Baltimore.

去年，第一艘煤炭船离开宾夕法尼亚，前往乌克兰。

In the coming years, we will be exporting multiple fuels.

未来，我们还会出口更多种类的能源。

And not only that.

还不止这些。

We will export the same technologies that made us a clean, abundant, and diverse energy producer in the first place.

我们还会对外输出这些好的技术，它们为我们带来了清洁、丰富和多样的能源。

By exporting our energy, we can free our friends and allies from fuel dependence on unfriendly nations.

通过给盟友和友好国出口能源，它们就能免于依赖敌对国的资源。

And by exporting our energy technology and know-how, we can help developing countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia create their own energy renaissance and harness more energy to improve the lives of their citizens.

输出我们的技术和经验，我们能够帮助拉美、非洲、亚洲实现他们自己的能源复兴，获得更多能源，提高人民的生活水平。

And that includes access to electricity.

这其中包括电力的利用。

Over a billion people live without it.

如今还有10亿人用不上电。

We want to reduce that number substantially in the coming years.

我们希望在未来是这一数字大幅下降。

Now some aren’t happy with us exporting this technology because they oppose most energy production, specifically that of fossil fuels, which comprise80 percent of world energy usage and continue to produce carbon emissions.

不过，有人反对这些技术输出，因为他们反对能源，尤其是化石能源的生产。化石能源占到世界能源消费总量80%，带来碳排放。

I fear that this is the mindset of the Paris Agreement.

我不得不说，这就是巴黎协定的精神之一。

Its supporters promote renewables since they’re zero-emissions fuels.

巴黎协定倡导者推崇可再生能源，因为它们零排放。

We support renewables as well. Not only are renewables the ultimate clean fuels….they are inexhaustible by definition.

我们也支持可再生能源发展。不仅因为它们彻底清洁，而且用之不尽，取之不竭。

And while studies show that even by the year2040, fossil fuels will still comprise77 percent of world energy use, I believe that continued technological breakthroughs will help us defy this prediction.

但是研究表明，到2040年，化石能源依旧在世界能源中占据77%的比重。我认为，技术不断突破，也许会改变这一预期。

But here is my question:

但是我还是要问一问大家：

What are we supposed to do in the mean time?

在这一过程中，我们应该做些什么工作？

What are the people without electricity supposed to do?

那些用不上电的人该怎么办？

Remember what we have done through technology…..we have not only produced more fossil energy with it; we’ve made that energy cleaner.

要知道，通过技术创新，我们不仅生产出更多的化石能源，还提提高了它们的清洁化利用程度。

Since we’re making coal cleaner and since our technology can affordably extract massive amounts of lower-emissions natural gas, we’re likely to continue to reduce the overall emissions of our fossil fuels.

用了创新技术，我们实现煤炭清洁化利用，开发出更多低碳的天然气，那么化石能源整体碳排放量都会减少。

That, again, is the New Energy Realism.

这就是所谓的能源新现实主义。

Thanks to the amazing power of human ingenuity and innovation, we don’t have to tolerate the intolerable…we don’t have to accept hideous sacrifices that harm the poorest among us.

有了人类的创造力和想象力，我们不用忍受那些不能忍的情况，不用让最贫困的地区付出的巨大的牺牲。

As we progress toward zero-emissions as a goal, we can still reduce emissions without draining the growth out of developed nations...or dooming developing countries to a future of poverty and want.

我们向零排放目标迈进同时，也可以减少碳排放，不影响发达国家经济增长，不让发展中国家陷入贫穷与无助中。

And so let us reject the old energy pessimism – and embrace the New Energy Realism.

因此，让我们摒弃悲观主义的老思维，拥抱能源新现实主义。

Let us unleash innovation both to improve what we have and secure the future we want.

让我们用技术创新，去改变当下，守护未来。

Let us invest in emission-free resources like nuclear, hydro and other renewables while at the same time making fossil fuels cleaner.

我们既要投资发展零排放的核能、水电等可再生能源，也要提升化石能源清洁化利用。

We would welcome – and help lead – a global alliance of countries willing to help make fossil fuels cleaner, rather than abandoning them.

美国欢迎，也会尽力帮助有志于此的国家，提升化石能源清洁利用程度，而不是简单地抛弃化石能源。

This will help nations diversify their energy supply...a key to achieving energy security.

...and, most importantly, the freedom for each individual to pursue and achieve their dreams.

最重要的，也会让每个人有自由，去追寻自己的梦想。

Combining opportunity with the freedom to design your own energy future, will enable the production of more energy from more sources, more affordably, and in a cleaner way than it ever could have in freedom’s absence.

利用当下的机会，结合设计你们的能源规划，就能从更广泛的资源里产出更多廉价的能源，同时也会更加环保清洁。

It is by embracing this New Energy Realism that we will all move toward greater energy security and a brighter, more prosperous future.

正是在这一能源新现实主义指引下，我们将实现更大的能源安全，前景无限光明。

Let all nations embrace it – and the spirit of imagination and innovation that drives it – for their own sake and for the sake of the world.