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“Is this a Jew? was my first thought. They surely didn't look like that in Linz. I observed the man stealthily and cautiously. But the longer I stared at this alien face, examining it feature for feature, the more my first question was transformed into a new conception: Is this a German?” - Mein Kampf While in Vienna he read voraciously, developing anti-Jewish and antidemocratic convictions, an admiration for the outstanding individual, and a contempt for the masses.

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The major influences on Hitler's ideology included The musical dramas of Richard Wagner.

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The demagogic, anti-Semitic, and mass political party methods of the Vienna, Austria mayor, Karl Lueger;

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The German Workers’ Party In September 1919 he joined the nationalist German Workers' party, and in April 1920 he went to work full time for the party, now renamed the National Socialist German Workers' (Nazi) party.

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Nazi Fuhrer In 1921 he was elected party chairman (Führer) with dictatorial powers.

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Hitler spread his gospel of racial hatred and contempt for democracy.

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He organized meetings, and terrorized political foes with his personal bodyguard force, the Sturmabteilung (SA, or Storm Troopers).

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He soon became a key figure in Bavarian politics, aided by high officials and businessmen.

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The Beer Hall Putsch In November 1923, a time of political and economic chaos, he led an uprising (Putsch) in Munich against the postwar Weimar Republic, proclaiming himself chancellor of a new authoritarian regime.

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“One last thing I can tell you. Either the German revolution begins tonight and the morrow will find us in Germany a true nationalist government, or it will find us dead by dawn!"

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Without military support, the Putsch collapsed and Hitler was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison. He was released after nine months

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The failure of the uprising taught Hitler that the Nazi party must use legal means to assume power.

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Mein Kampf He spent the nine months in prison dictating his autobiography Mein Kampf (My Struggle). The book set forth Hitler's twisted ideology of racism, Aryan supremacy, and anti-Semitism.

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Lebensraum Hitler also outlined his belief that the superior Aryan peoples needed living space and therefore had the right to seize territory through expansion and rule over the inferior masses of non-Aryans.

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The Big Lie The only really original ideas in the book related to the use of mass propaganda and mass psychology.

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Herman Goering Nazi Herman Goering became minister of the interior and established an interior police force made up of Nazi SA members.

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The Reichstag Fire When a mysterious fire burnt down the German Parliament building, Hitler convinced Hindenburg to grant him emergency powers.

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The window into the building The Nazis blamed the Communists for the fire and made the incident a pretext to suppress the Communist party with brutal violence; later, the Social Democratic party was also violently suppressed.

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The Enabling Act Hitler quickly established himself as a dictator. A subservient legislature passed that permitted Hitler's government to make laws without the legislature.

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Long Knives On the evening of June 30, 1934, later known as the “night of the long knives,” Hitler ordered the SS to murder members of the unruly SA, a group Hitler feared would agitate the Reichswehr. Ernst Röhm

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A number of SA and party leaders (including Röhm) and between 400 and 1000 of their followers, many of them innocent of any opposition to Hitler, were killed.

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Also included in the purge were other enemies such as General Kurt von Schleicher and some monarchists who had advocated restoration of the Hohenzollern dynasty. General Kurt von Schleicher

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The Third Reich On August 2, 1934, President Hindenburg died and Hitler became the sole leader of Germany.

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Public officials and soldiers were required to take an oath of loyalty to the “ Fuhrer of the German Reich. ”

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“Terror is the most effective political instrument...It is my duty to make use of every means of training the German people to cruelty, and to prepare them for war...There must be no weakness or tenderness. ” Adolf Hitler

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The New Order The creation of the “new order,” or total control of the economy, enabled the Nazis to end unemployment; provide a tolerable standard of living; enrich the elite ruling group of the state and build a stupendous war machine.