Causes

A varicocele is caused by a problem in the main vein of the testicle. Blood normally leaves the testicle through the spermatic
vein. When this vein is not working properly, the blood gets backed up and the veins bulge.

Risk Factors

Varicoceles typically develop in men 15-25 years old. There are no specific factors that increase your risk of getting varicoceles.

Symptoms

Varicoceles may not always have symptoms. When they do appear, symptoms may include:

Feeling of heaviness or soreness in the scrotum.

Feeling
enlarged, or twisted veins in the scrotum. They can feel like worms or spaghetti.

Veins typically change in size, and are larger when standing or straining.

Varicoceles may cause the testicle to be smaller. It may also contribute to male infertility by reducing sperm quality and/or quantity.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A
physical exam
will be done. Varicoceles are usually easily diagnosed by exam. Your doctor may recommend tests to confirm varicoceles or rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment is not required for all varicoceles. Treatment is generally recommended if a varicocele is causing
infertility, change in testicle size, or
if it is causing pain.

Options may include one or more of the following:

Home Care

To help ease discomfort, your doctor may recommend over-the-counter pain relievers. In some cases, you may need to wear supportive underwear or a jock strap.

Surgery

Surgical treatment options include:

Open surgery—the vein is surgically cut and tied off

Catheter ablation—heat is applied through a catheter to destroy the vein

Catheter embolization—a substance is placed in the vein to block it

Laparoscopy
—involves the use of a thin, lighted tube inserted into the abdomen to view the vessels in the body as they lead to the testicle

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent varicoceles.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.