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This up-to-date book covers both theoretical and practical aspects of pavement analysis and design. It includes some of the latest developments in the field, and some very useful computer softwaredeveloped by the authorwith detailed instructions.Specific chapter topics include stresses and strains in flexible pavements, stresses and deflections in rigid pavements, traffic loading and volume, material characterization, drainage design, pavement performance, reliability, flexible pavement design, rigid pavement design, design of overlays, theory of viscoelasticity, theory of elastic layer systems, Superpave, pavement management systems, and an introduction to the 2002 Pavement Design Guide.For practicing engineers in the design of pavements and raft foundations.

Preface to Second Edition

ix

Preface to First Edition

xi

CHAPTER 1 Introduction

1

(44)

1.1 Historical Developments

1

(7)

1.2 Pavement Types

8

(11)

1.3 Road Tests

19

(7)

1.4 Design Factors

26

(11)

1.5 Highway Pavements, Airport Pavements, and Railroad Trackbeds

37

(4)

Summary

41

(2)

Problems and Questions

43

(2)

CHAPTER 2 Stresses and Strains in Flexible Pavements

45

(49)

2.1 Homogeneous Mass

45

(12)

2.2 Layered Systems

57

(19)

2.3 Viscoelastic Solutions

76

(13)

Summary

89

(1)

Problems

90

(4)

CHAPTER 3 KENLAYER Computer Program

94

(47)

3.1 Theoretical Developments

94

(12)

3.2 Program Description

106

(3)

3.3 Comparison with Available Solutions

109

(21)

3.4 Sensitivity Analysis

130

(11)

Summary

141

(2)

Problems

143

CHAPTER 4 Stresses and Deflections in Rigid Pavements

141

(45)

4.1 Stresses Due to Curling

147

(6)

4.2 Stresses and Deflections Due to Loading

153

(11)

4.3 Stresses Due to Friction

164

(7)

4.4 Design of Dowels and Joints

171

(9)

Summary

180

(2)

Problems

182

(4)

CHAPTER 5 KENSLABS Computer Program

186

(58)

5.1 Theoretical Developments

186

(20)

5.2 Program Description

206

(7)

5.3 Comparison with Available Solutions

213

(13)

5.4 Sensitivity Analysis

226

(8)

Summary

234

(2)

Problems

236

(8)

CHAPTER 6 Traffic Loading and Volume

244

(35)

6.1 Design Procedures

244

(1)

6.2 Equivalent Single-Wheel Load

245

(11)

6.3 Equivalent Axle Load Factor

256

(9)

6.4 Traffic Analysis

265

(10)

Summary

275

(1)

Problems

276

(3)

CHAPTER 7 Material Characterization

279

(55)

7.1 Resilient Modulus

279

(18)

7.2 Dynamic Modulus of Bituminous Mixtures

297

(12)

7.3 Fatigue Characteristics

309

(7)

7.4 Permanent Deformation Parameters

316

(10)

7.5 Other Properties

326

(4)

Summary

330

(1)

Problems

331

(3)

CHAPTER 8 Drainage Design

334

(34)

8.1 General Consideration

334

(6)

8.2 Drainage Materials

340

(11)

8.3 Design Procedures

351

(14)

Summary

365

(1)

Problems

366

(2)

CHAPTER 9 Pavement Performance

368

(73)

9.1 Distress

368

(20)

9.2 Serviceability

388

(13)

9.3 Surface Friction

401

(9)

9.4 Nondestructive Deflection Testing

410

(14)

9.5 Pavement Performance

424

(12)

Summary

436

(2)

Problems

438

(3)

CHAPTER 10 Reliability

441

(31)

10.1 Statistical Concepts

441

(10)

10.2 Probabilistic Methods

451

(9)

10.3 Variability

460

(6)

10.4 Rosenblueth Method

466

(3)

Summary

469

(1)

Problems

470

(2)

CHAPTER 11 Flexible Pavement Design

472

(61)

11.1 Calibrated Mechanistic Design Procedure

472

(15)

11.2 Asphalt Institute Method

487

(18)

11.3 AASHTO Method

505

(17)

11.4 Design of Flexible Pavement Shoulders

522

(6)

Summary

528

(2)

Problems

530

(3)

CHAPTER 12 Rigid Pavement Design

533

(67)

12.1 Calibrated Mechanistic Design Procedure

533

(12)

12.2 Portland Cement Association Method

545

(23)

12.3 AASHTO Method

568

(15)

12.4 Continuous Reinforced Concrete Pavements

583

(9)

12.5 Design of Rigid Pavement Shoulders

592

(4)

Summary

596

(2)

Problems

598

(2)

CHAPTER 13 Design of Overlays

600

(55)

13.1 Types of Overlays

600

(5)

13.2 Design Methodologies

605

(3)

13.3 Asphalt Institute Method

608

(12)

13.4 Portland Cement Association Method

620

(7)

13.5 AASHTO Method

627

(23)

Summary

650

(2)

Problems

652

(3)

APPENDIX A Theory of Viscoelasticity

655

(16)

A.1 Differential Operators

655

(2)

A.2 Elastic-Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle

657

(5)

A.3 Method of Successive Residuals

662

(4)

A.4 Complex Modulus

666

(5)

APPENDIX B Theory of Elastic Layer Systems

671

(6)

B.1 Differential Equations

671

(2)

B.2 Circular Loaded Area

673

(1)

B.3 Boundary and Continuity Conditions

674

(2)

B.4 Extension to Concentrated Load

676

(1)

APPENDIX C KENPAVE Software

677

(5)

C.1 Software Installation

677

(1)

C.2 Main Screen

678

(1)

C.3 LAYERINP

679

(2)

C.4 SLABSINP

681

(1)

APPENDIX D An Introduction to Superpave

682

(12)

D.1 Asphalt Binder Grading System

682

(2)

D.2 Aggregates in HMA

684

(5)

D.3 Asphalt Mix Design

689

(3)

Summary

692

(2)

APPENDIX E Pavement Management Systems

694

(22)

E.1 PMS Activity Levels

694

(1)

E.2 Network-Level Elements

695

(5)

E.3 Project-Level Elements

700

(3)

E.4 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

703

(8)

E.5 PMS Data and Software

711

(2)

E.6 Infrastructure and Asset Management

713

(1)

E.7 Pavement Preservation

714

(1)

Summary

714

(1)

Problems

714

(2)

APPENDIX F A Preview of 2002 Design Guide

716

(12)

F.1 General Features

716

(1)

F.2 Design inputs

717

(5)

F.3 Distress Prediction Models

722

(5)

Summary

727

(1)

APPENDIX G List of Symbols

728

(13)

APPENDIX H References

741

(20)

Author Index

761

(6)

Subject Index

767

The first edition of Pavement Analysis and Designwas published in 1993. The widespread adoption of this book by so many colleges as an undergraduate or graduate text has encouraged me to write this second edition. A major event during the past decade was the completion of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP), which led to the development of the highly publicized 2002 Pavement Design Guide. However, at the time of this writing, the final draft of the 2002 Guide is still not available. It will likely be a few more years before the Guide is approved and implemented by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). For this reason, only a brief preview of the 2002 Pavement Design Guide is presented, in an appendix. Other than those improvements in the computer programs that necessitate changes in the text, not much is changed in the theoretical part of this book. Although new procedures were developed by SHRP for material characterization and pavement evaluation, these procedures, such as Superpave, are still in the developmental stage and will be subject to change as more experience is gained in their use. In this second edition, Superpave is presented in an appendix. To extend the usefulness of the book, a new appendix on Pavement Management System is added. It is hoped that a more extensive revision will be made in the third edition, after the 2002 Pavement Design Guide is fully implemented and all the testing and evaluation procedures are finalized. Major changes made in this edition are the following: The floppy disk containing the four DOS programs is replaced by a CD containing a Windows program called KENPAVE, which combines the original KENLAYER, LAYERINP, KENSLABS, and SLABSINP into a single package, together with the addition of some computer graphics. The software was written in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and can be run on any computer with Windows 95 or higher. Detailed instructions on the use of KENPAVE can be found in the software program. Section 13.5 on the AASHTO method of overlay design has been totally revised. The 1986 AASHTO Design Guide was used in the first edition. The guide was revised in 1993 with practically no change in the design of new pavements, but the design of overlay was completely rewritten. New developments and information from the literature have been added to keep the book current. A new method based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion has been added in KENLAYER for nonlinear analysis, and new comparisons age made between KENLAYER and the latest Windows version of MICH-PAVE. Three new appendices have been added: Appendix D--An Introduction to Superpave; Appendix E--Pavement Management Systems; and Appendix F--A Preview of 2002 Design Guide. Appendix C is combined with Appendix B; a new Appendix C contains a brief description of KENPAVE. To provide room for the above additions, Sections 3.4.3 (on contained rock asphalt mats) and 10.5 (on probabilistic computer programs) have been deleted. Also deleted from the appendices are the description of the input programs and the programming details of KENLAYER and KENSLABS, such as subroutines and flowcharts. The description of input and output parameters in Chapters 3 and 5 and the illustrative examples in the appendices also have been removed, because they can now be found in the software program. I wish to acknowledge gratefully the contribution of my colleague, Dr. Kamyar C. Mahboub, who wrote the appendices on Superpave and Pavement Management Systems. These new additions broaden the scope of this book and make it more suitable for a wider audience. I also want to offer my heartfelt thanks to AASHTO, the Transportation Research Board, the Federal Highway Administration, the Asphalt Institute, the Portland Cement Associations, and many others who have permitted the use of the information they developed. Finally, I would like to thank my wife Jane for her support in the use of our retirement time on this book. YANG H. HUANG, Sc. D., P E. Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering University of Kentucky