Limitations On Pesticide Use

Code

Limitations

1

Do not apply this pesticide within 20 yards from the edge of
water within the shaded area for ground applications, nor
within 100 yards for aerial applications.

1c

For ground applications, do not apply this pesticide within
20 yards from the edge of water within either the shaded area or
the upstream protection zone (described under the Shading Key).
For aerial applications, do not apply this pesticide within
100 yards from the edge of water within the areas described above.

2c

For ground applications, do not apply this pesticide within
40 yards from the edge of water within either the shaded area or
the upstream protection zone (described under the Shading Key).
For aerial applications, do not apply this pesticide within
200 yards from the edge of water within the areas described above.

20

Do not apply directly to water within the shaded area.

41

Do not apply this pesticide within 1/4 mile from the edge of
water within the shaded area for ground applications, nor
within 1/2 mile for aerial applications.

43

Do not apply this pesticide within 100 yards from the edge of
water within the shaded area for ground applications, nor
within 1/2 mile for aerial applications.

61

Do not apply this pesticide as a mosquito larvicide within
the shaded area.

63

Do not apply this pesticide within the shaded area. In addition,
do not apply within 100 yards of the shaded area for ground applications,
nor within 1 mile for aerial applications.

Limitations On Pesticide Use

Code

Limitations

7

For ground applications, do not apply this pesticide within
20 yards of the edge of all caverns, sinkholes, and surface waters
within the shaded area. For aerial applications, do not apply
within 100 yards of these sites.

28

Do not apply this pesticide within the shaded area, within 20
yards of the shaded area for ground applications, nor within
100 yards for aerial applications.

Freshwater Mussel[Unionidae]

Freshwater mollusks found in this area are one or more of
the following; the Fat pocketbook, the Cracking pearly mussel, the Fanshell,
the Pink mucket pearly mussel, the Ring pink ( golf stick pearly) mussel,
and the Rough pigtoe mussel. All of these mussels are in the family Unionidae,
a family restricted to North America. A far larger percentage of this
family are imperiled than any other taxonomic (species) group. The United
States used to have a major industry harvesting freshwater mussels for
mother of pearl buttons, freshwater pearls, etc. There still may be a
little harvesting, but not much.

Freshwater mussels can live up to 50 years. In the parasitic
larval stage of the mollusk lifecycle, it is dependant on fish within
its habitat not only for nutrients, but for providing the species with
mobility. Yet only a few host fish are known. Mature mussels bury themselves
in the riffles and shoals and feed by siphoning phytoplankton and other
plant matter from the water. Reverse siphoning is used to expell undigestible
particles from the shell. However, silt in the water can kill mussels
by clogging their feeding siphons.

Major factors affecting mussel populations are alterations
in temperature, waterflow, and siltation caused by stream damming and
channeling. Agricultural runoffs and industrial practices have also affected
the mussel habitat by degrading water quality and siltation. Because mussels
are filter feeders, the effects of pollution are intensified due to the
large quantities of water drawn through their siphons in the feeding process.
Another significant threat is the widespread and rapid population growths
of the introduced zebra mussel. The zebra mussel not only competes with
native species, but also attatches to them (and anything hard) and can
add so much weight that the native species cannot open to feed.

Kentucky cave shrimp [Palaemonias ganteri]

The Kentucky cave shrimp is a small, nearly transparent
crustacean with reduced eyes and lack o pigmentation indicating that it
has survived underground in the absence of light for perhaps thousands
of years. The cave shrimp is a nonselective grazer feeding on protozoans,
tiny insects, fungae, and algae that have entered the cave in groundwater.

The cave shrimp currently inhabit the lowest passages of
the Flint-Mammoth Cave System, the most extensive cave system ever discovered.
This cave system, with an extensive network of underground pools and streams,
is found beneath Edmonson, Barren, and Hart counties, Kentucky. The shrimp's
aquatic habitats are replenished quickly through the porous soils, with
some surface runoff entering through sinkholes. The early 1980's population
estimate for this species produced a finding of approximatly 500 individuals.

Pervasive groundwater pollution as a result of extensive
development within the Flint-Mammoth Cave region has led to the decline
of the shrimp's already small population. In addition, agricultural runoffs,
untreated sewage and highway related pollutants enter the watershed and
affect the shrimp by depleting oxygen supplies and contaminating essential
nutrients.