Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world supporting valuable ecosystem goods including fish, shells, coral and other marine products and services such as fisheries habitat, tourism and coastal protection. Solomon Islands is part of the ‘coral triangle’ (Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands and Timor Leste) an area of global significance as it is the epicentre for marine biodiversity supporting abundant seagrass, mangroves, coral and reef fish. Solomon Islands supports a population of ~570 000 people with the majority of people (80%) living in rural coastal communities. These communities rely heavily on the resources that coral reefs provide for their daily subsistence and cash needs. Solomon Islands’ reefs, like those of many other countries, are under pressure from a combination of natural and human induced impacts such as climate change and an increasing population. There is particular concern around direct extraction of corals for a growing international aquarium (live coral) and curio (dead coral) trade, as well as a local demand for lime (made from live coral) which is consumed while chewing betel nut.