18 Article

18 Articles of The Constitution of Bangladesh a citizen must be known.

Article 27 : Equity before law

All citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal protection of law.

Article 28 : Discrimination on grounds of religion, etc

The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on

Women shall have equal rights with men in all spheres of the

No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth be subjected to any disability, liability, restriction or condition with regard to access to any place of public entertainment or resort, or admission to any educational institution. State and of public life.

Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making

special provision in favour of women or children or for the advancement of

Article 29 : Equality of opportunity in public employment

There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in respect of employment or office in the service of the Republic.

No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, be ineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, any
employment or office in the service of the Republic.

Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from –

Making special provision in favour of any backward section of citizens for the purpose of securing their adequate representation in the service of
the Republic;

giving effect to any law which makes provision for reserving appointments relating to any religious or denominational institution topersons of that
religion or denomination;

reserving for members of one sex any class of employment or office on the ground that it is considered by its nature to be unsuited to members of
the opposite sex.

Article 30 : Prohibition of foreign titles, etc

No citizen shall, without the prior approval of the President, accept any title, honour, award or decoration from any foreign state.

Article 31 : Right to protection of law

To enjoy the protection of the law, and to be treated in accordance with law, and only in accordance with law, is the inalienable right of every citizen, wherever he may be, and of every other person for the time being within Bangladesh, and in particular no action detrimental to the life, liberty, body, reputation or property of any person shall be taken except in accordance with law.

Article 32 : Protection of right to life and personal liberty

No person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty save in accordance with law.

Article 33 : Safeguards as to arrest and detention

No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest, nor shall he be denied the right to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice.

Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty four hours of such arrest, excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the Court of the magistrate, and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate.

Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply to any person–

who for the time being is an enemy alien; or

who is arrested or detained under any law providing for preventive detention.

No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a period exceeding six months unless an Advisory Board consisting of three persons, of whom two shall be persons who are, or have been, or are qualified to be appointed as, Judges of the Supreme Court and the other shall be a person who is a senior officer in the service of the Republic, has, after affording him an opportunity of being heard in person, reported before the expiration of the said period of six months that there is, in its opinion, sufficient cause for such detention.

When any person is detained in pursuance of an order made under any law providing for preventive detention, the authority making the order shall, as soon as may be, communicate to such person the grounds on which the order has been made, and shall afford him the earliest opportunity ofmaking a representation against the order :

Provided that the authority making any such order may refuse to disclose facts which such authority considers to be against the public interest to
disclose.

Parliament may by law prescribe the procedure to be followed by an Advisory Board in an inquiry under clause

Article 34 : Prohibition of forced labour

All forms of forced labour are prohibited and any contravention of this provision shall be an offence punishable in accordance with law.

Nothing in this article shall apply to compulsory labour–

By persons undergoing lawful punishment for a criminal offence; or

Required by any law for public purposes.

Article 35 : Protection in respect of trial and punishment

No person shall be convicted of any offence except for violation of a law in force at the time of the commission of the act charged as an offence, nor be subjected to a penalty greater than, or different from, that which might have been inflicted under the law in force at the time of the commission of the offence.

No person shall be prosecuted and punished for the same offence more than once.

Every person accused of a criminal offence shall have the right to a speedy and public trial by an independent and impartial Court or tribunal established by law.

No person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

No person shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishment or treatment

Nothing in clause (3) or clause (5) shall affect the operation of any existing law which prescribes any punishment or procedure for trial.

Article 36 : Freedom of movement

Subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the public interest, every citizen shall have the right to move freely throughout Bangladesh, to reside and settle in any place therein and to leave and re-enter Bangladesh.

Article 37 : Freedom of assembly

Every citizen shall have the right to assemble and to participate in public meetings and processions peacefully and without arms, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of public order or public health.

Article 38 : Freedom of association

Every citizen shall have the right to form associations or unions, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of morality or public order :

Provided that no person shall have the right to form, or be a member of the said association or union, if-

it is formed for the purposes of destroying the religious, social and communal harmony among the citizens ;

it is formed for the purposes of creating discrimination among the citizens, on the ground of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or language ;

it is formed for the purposes of organizing terrorist acts or militant activities against the State or the citizens or any other country ;

its formation and objects are inconsistent with the Constitution.

Article 39 : Freedom of thought and conscience, and of speech

Freedom of thought and conscience is guaranteed.

Subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interests of the security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence–

the right of every citizen to freedom of speech and expression; and

freedom of the press, are guaranteed.

Article 40 : Freedom of profession or occupation

Subject to any restrictions imposed by law, every citizen possessing such qualifications, if any, as may be prescribed by law in relation to his profession, occupation, trade or business shall have the right to enter upon any lawful profession or occupation, and to conduct any lawful trade or business.

Article 41 : Freedom of religion

Subject to law, public order and morality –

Every citizen has the right to profess, practise or propagate any religion;

Every religious community or denomination has the right to establish, maintain and manage its religious institutions.

No person attending any educational institution shall be required to receive religious instruction, or to take part in or to attend any religious ceremony or worship, if that instruction, ceremony or worship relates to a religion other than his own.

Article 42 : Rights to property

Subject to any restrictions imposed by law, every citizen shall have the right to acquire, hold, transfer or otherwise dispose of property, and no property shall be compulsorily acquired, nationalised or requisitioned save by authority of law.

A law made under clause (1) of this article shall provide for the acquisition, nationalisation or requisition with compensation and shall fix the amount of compensation or specify the principles on which, and the manner in which, the compensation is to be assessed and paid ; but no such law shall be called in question in any court on the ground that any provision of the law in respect of such compensation is not adequate.

Article 43 : Protection of home and correspondence

Every citizen shall have the right, subject to any reasonable restrictions mposed by law in the interests of the security of the State, public order, public morality or public health –

To be secured in his home against entry, search and seizure; and

To the privacy of his correspondence and other means of communication.

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