Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant tumors with a very poor prognosis. Late diagnosis and lack ofeffective therapeutic method is the weak point in pancreatic cancer therapy. For pancreatic cancer clustering analysis,thirty proteins were selected from Wiki pathway and sequence comparison was prepared by Needleman-Wunschalgorithm. Similarity scores were obtained by comparing of these proteins and the relevant dissimilarity matrix wasconstructed. Graphical illustrations of clustering data were performed by R software using package cluster to findsubgraphs with maximal density. Finally the interactions of these proteins with their neighbors that was obtained fromMentha, Reactome-Fls Databases by the application of PSICQUIC source in Cytoscape software are presented. Theresult of this study showed that CREB-binding protein and epidermal growth factor receptor are reported in WikiPathway Androgen receptor and most significant hub that involved in pancreatic cancer, but not in the high closerelationship. In conclusion cell cycle and signaling pathway have highlighted its importance in pancreatic cancer, aswell as its potential as a therapeutic target in PC.

Prenatal Diagnosis (PND) is one of the most controversial and challenging issues in the modern medicine around the world. Different countries have a various approaches toward this intricate issue. Crosslinking between religion and medicine or health is explicit in this field; so various aspects should be considered in the policy and compliment of the rules for PND. In many cases, the most controversial issue after PND is deciding for therapeutic abortion. In some religions or cultures and countries, this action is completely forbidden; but in the others, parents can choose the pregnancy termination till the delivery or until special time of gestation. Because of the high rate of the consanguineous marriage in Iran (up to 60% in some areas) PND and therapeutic abortion is available and needed to prevent some inherited disorders.In Iran; according to religion and believes, therapeutic abortion is only acceptable under special conditions that could be harmful for mother’s health or considered threaten for her life. Also some severe conditions like mental and physical disabilities in fetus could leads to arranged termination of pregnancy. Therapeutic abortion for aforementioned conditions should be done before fetus ensoulment. These conditions should approved by Iran Legal Medicine organization. In this review, we will discuss all related issues. This will help other countries and similar cultures to implement such regulations for these conditions.

Lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) as the most abundant isoform of lactate dehydrogenase in testis and spermatozoa, has a critical role in energy metabolism of germ cells. Also, LDHC gene is expressed aberrantly with a high prevalence in various kinds of malignancies. So, LDHC is a promising target protein for development of contraceptive and anti-cancer drugs. In the current study, inhibitory effects of nicotine and cotinine on human LDHC were investigated. Partially purified LDHC was extracted from healthy human spermatozoa and treated with various concentrations of nicotine and cotinine at a range of 0.13-0.66 μM. The results showed that at a concentration of 0.6 μM, cotinine and nicotine could inhibit LDHC activity by 47% and 45%, respectively. Mechanisms of these inhibitory effects were further investigated by docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies. Nicotine and cotinine were docked against available crystal structure of mice LDHC (PDB ID: 2LDX). LDHC alone and in complex with docked ligands was minimized, solvated in explicit water cage, neutralized by addition of required ions, and finally simulated for 50 ns of MD simulation. Analysis of simulated structures revealed that nicotine and cotinine could affect LDHC structure near His192 which play a key role in the interaction of LDHC with pyruvate/lactate. Thus, it seems that nicotine and cotinine could induce their effects via an inhibitory competition mechanism. Enzymatic assays with various concentration of pyruvate in the presence of mean plasma concentration of nicotine and cotinine in active smokers confirmed MD simulation results.

ncidence is an important index for measuring the burden of cancer in a population. But in medical studies, a difficulty in drawing inference from categorical data is the existence of misclassification error. Misclassification error is the disagreement between the observed and the true value and occurs when new cancer cases diagnosed and registered in neighborhood provinces instead of their hometown due to low facility in their own provinces and difference of quality and quantity of registration system in different provinces. The aim of this study is to use a Bayesian statistical method to assess and correct this misclassification in Gastric cancer incidence, for some selected provinces in Iran. Data extracted from Iranian annual of national cancer registration report in 2008. The Age Standardized Rate (ASR) due to gastric cancer were expressed as rate per/100,000 population for male and female of North, South and Razavi Khorasan provinces. A Bayesian approach was used with Poisson count regression and an informative beta prior distribution assumed for the misclassified parameter. Analyses were carried out using R software version 3.2.0.The Bayesian analysis showed that, there is 34% misclassification in gastric cancer incidence registry from North and South Khorasans in Razavi Khorasan. After the correction, the rate of ASR decreased for Razavi Khorasan provinces, while, these rate increased for the rest of its neighborhoods. This study indicated that there is a major misclassification among provinces in Iran, in which, from neighborhood provinces and cities, the statistics of gastric cancer incidence misclassified on each other’s. In the absence of valid data, Bayesian approach would be a good and flexible alternative to eliminate the effects of Misclassification in incidence registry data for neighboring provinces.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in developed countries and the third one in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge on colorectal cancer and the related background factors in the urban population aged over 50 years in the western of Iran. This study was of descriptive cross-sectional type which was conducted among 500 individuals aged over 50 years in city Ravansar were randomly selected to participate voluntarily in the study. Data collected by questioner and were analyzed by SPSS version 21 using independent t-test, ANOVA and correlation statistical tests at 95% significant level. The mean age of respondents was 58.32 years [95% CI: 57.7, 58.9], ranged from 50 to 73 years. Only 4.7 percent of the participants knew what colorectal cancer was and what its screening methods were. The mean score of knowledge construct about colorectal cancer among the participants was 5.72 with standard deviation of ±2.57. Furthermore, knowledge of cervical cancer was significant association with sex, educational level and positive family history of colorectal cancer. In addition, knowledge about colorectal cancer was significantly related to the age (r= -0. 095 & P=0.040). Based on our result, it seems that designing and implementation of educational programs to improve knowledge about colorectal cancer among population is necessary.

Anal fissure is a common anorectal disease and the prompt optimal treatment is crucial. Regarding the importance of issue, in this study the efficacy of the medical and surgical treatment methods for the patients with anal fissure was assessed and compared. In this interventional study that was performed as a randomized clinical trial, 78 patients with anal fissure attending to Imam Reza hospital, Tehran, Iran were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either medical or surgical treatment. Then the efficacies in two groups were determined and compared. It was seen that efficacy for reduction of pain (P=0.008) and bleeding (P=0.029) was more in patients under surgical treatment. The frequency rate of incontinence was higher in surgical group (P=0.05). There was no difference regarding the satisfaction among patients (P > 0.05). Also the recurrence rate among patients was similar in two groups. Totally, it may be concluded that surgical treatment is superior to medical treatment for patients with anal fissure and the use of this method is highly recommended.

Nowadays, foodborne illnesses in public places like fast foods and caterings are one of the majority issues in development and retarded countries. Presence of some microorganism in this food segment is undesirable and upset for human health and increasing some pathogenic risks like sallmonelosis, hemorrahagic colitis and things like that. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Assessment of the microbiological safety of some spices and raw vegetables in Tehran caterings. In this cross-sectional survey, some microbial experiments of and 5 types of spices and 6 kinds of raw vegetables randomly collected from different caterings in Tehran, Iran. After that, all of the samples were analyzed for determination of total microbial, mold and fungi, salmonella, E. coli and parasite eggs count for spices and Shigella, E.coli, Salmonella, S.aureus and Enterococcus for raw vegetable, respectively. Parasitic pollution was detected in all of the spice samples. Result obtained pointed that salmonella and E.coli contamination were negative in all spice samples. The presence of S.auerus, Shigella, Salmonella, Enterococcus and E.coli is observed on samples of vegetables. The present paper indicated that high potential hazard of microbial contamination in caterings industry, therefore this segment needy to more attention about implementation of some food standard to avoided foodborne illnesses.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a lifetime mental condition with the prevalence of 1-3% in general population. Molecular evaluation of OCD is prominent to understand the complex basis of underlying mechanisms. Here, by the application of MPI construction of significant changed metabolites in OCD patients, it is tried to obtain a preliminarily insight of related molecular interactions. These interactions are fundamental for cell processes and drug design. For this purpose, a number of ten OCD related metabolites were obtained from literature, by the use of PubMed and Google Scholar Resources. Then, the ten candidate metabolites were examined by the application of STITCH 4.0 Online Resource, for investigating the ten significant linked proteins with our query metabolites and the related BPs. Top ten scored interacting proteins with the query metabolites were retrieved and the action types were identified. Some of the protein partners were previously detected as potential polymorphisms in OCD etiology. The Regulation of hormone secretion and regulation of phosphorylation are the most significant (corrected p value< 0.05) related biological process of the ten investigated metabolites in the whole network. The result suggests that, insulin may be influenced significantly in OCD profile as it is significantly regulated by the six of our metabolites in the whole network. In fact, either metabolites or proteins changes may influence each other levels and promotes OCD risk. Thus, further systematic analysis is suggested for confirmation and introduction of new biomarkers.