The stories behind the buildings, statues and other points of interest that make Manhattan fascinating.

Wednesday, August 1, 2012

The 1903 Lutheran Church of the Redeemer-- 424 West 44th Street

photo by Alice Lum

The United Presbyterian Church—sometimes called the West 44th
Street Presbyterian Church—had stood at 424 West 44th Street since
at least, 1872. The church was the
second largest of the New York Presbyterian churches and its rectory snuggled
up next door at No. 422. It was here
that the Rev. Gawn Campbell, pastor of the church for 17 years, died of
pneumonia in February 1887.

The congregation moved on at the turn of the century,
however, and the site caught the eye of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the
Redeemer, an offshoot of the German Evangelical Lutheran church of St. Matthew
at Broome and Elizabeth Streets. On April
9, 1903 the church and rectory were sold to the Lutheran church and before long
the Real Estate Record and Builders’ Guide noted that the German builder, Jacob
A. Zimmermann, had been given the contract to construct a new church and “church
house” on the site.

St. Matthew’s contracted architect John Boese to design the
two buildings. Although Boese, whose
office was at 280 Broadway, spent most of his time designing ice houses and
other not-so-impressive structures, he was also responsible for several
churches around this time.

Completed the same year, Boese’s buff-colored brick
buildings cost around $25,000. The
Gothic Revival structures melded together as a delightful whole—the rectory at
No. 422 balanced by a section of equal width on the opposite end of the main
building. Shallow buttresses defined the
three sections and only careful examination reveals that the rectory is a
separate structure.

The asymmetrical church building became balanced by the charming rectory (left) -- photo by Alice Lum

Although Boese used limestone for the buttresses, finials
and arched lentils, he relied mostly on creative brickwork and carved wood for
his decorative touches; most likely due to budgetary constraints.

Although the Church of the Redeemer had sprung from St.
Matthew’s German Lutheran Church, the Rev. William Dallmann pointedly
advertised it as an “English speaking church.”
The Rev. Ferdinand g. C. Schumm look the pulpit as pastor of the new
church.

The neighborhood of the Schumm’s church was decidedly
unfashionable. Just north of the
notorious Hell’s Kitchen district, its residents were mostly poor, working
class families. When, in 1913, the Sage
Foundation erected two “model apartments” directly across the street from the
church, the neighborhood buzzed with excitement. “They are lighted by electricity, have
hardwood floors, and modern conveniences utterly unknown in the district,”
reported The New York Times. The
apartments, which rented for $22 a month for a front exposure and $20 a month
at the rear, had luxuries like steam heat, a garbage incinerator, two
perambulator rooms for baby carriages in the basement, and marble-paneled
hallways.

Most of the worshipers at the Church of the Redeemer,
however, did not have it so cushy.

In 1915 Schumm proudly served on the executive committee of
a publicity campaign in 1915 “to make Lutheranism better known in America.” The campaign was organized to coordinate with
the 400th anniversary of Martin Luther’s break with the Catholic
Church.

Photo by Alice Lum

While the jubilee celebrations, which took place that
October, were among Schumm’s happiest times, his darkest day possible came in
October three years later. The pastor’s 23-year
old son, Army Sergeant Karl H. Schumm, went to France with the 77th Division in
1917. The division was decimated in
April 1918, losing 1,646 soldiers “in its valiant career on the front in France,”
said The New York Tribune.

The congregation’s fears were realized when The Tribune listed
Sergeant Schumm’s name among the list of the dead. On October 6 Reverend Schumm bravely presided
over the memorial service for his son in the church.

On November 18, 1926, after 23 years as pastor of the Church
of the Redeemer, Rev. Schumm died at the age of 62. The Rev. Dr. Herbert h. Gallman took the
reins, and like his predecessor, embraced the Reformation with a passion.

The message of one of his first sermons was “The Reformation
is not an event that happened once in a foreign country some 400 years ago, but
is a movement and a continued achievement that will last throughout the ages.”

As time passed the church became headquarters of the
Lutheran Metropolitan Inner Mission Society which sponsored various charitable causes
including an immigrant ministry, a seaman’s mission and a child-welfare
office. By the 1960s it had become the
All People’s Church.

John Boese’s Gothic Revival church was later converted by
New Dramatists—an organization founded in 1949 that works with and grooms budding playwrights. With grants from the Sam S. Schubert
Foundation and the John Golden Fund, the group transformed the nearly
century-old church into an auditorium-type space with risers for readings, a
library, and workshops.

photo by Alice Lum

From here New Dramatists holds nearly 90 workshops and
readings each season and its work with playwrights has earned it a Tony Award
and an Obie. Its members have included
James Baldwin and Lonnie Elder III.

The attractive one-time church, called by the AIA Guide to
New York City “a free-spirited Gothic Revival fitted gracefully into a
continuous row house” started a new century as a recycled vintage structure.