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2 AHLTA and Data Entry – A Provider’s PerspectiveObjectivesA review of how an average provider views coded data and metricsDemonstrate issues regarding data entry into our outpatient systemsClinical-centric dataBusiness-centric dataUnderstand difference between “documentation” and “coding” to see why some data errors may arise

4 Metrics in ActionCommander: “I want my facility to get as many Relative Value Units (RVUs) as we should to reflect the hard work we are doing”Business Office: “Facility RVUs is a product of number of encounters times the RVUs/encounter. We should increase the RVUs/encounter to increase facility RVUs”Clinic Chief: “We have a lot of t-cons that are worth very few RVUs, and that brings our RVU/encounter down. So admin-out all of the t-cons so that our RVU/encounter goes up”This occurred at a facility I visited. The focus in a clinic on a single metric (RVU/Encounter) drove a behavior that the Commander never meant to have happen!

5 Common Provider MetricsEmpanelmentNumber of patients seen each day/week/monthNumber of no-showsPatient SatisfactionHEDIS complianceRVUs/visitRVUs/dayAs a “lowly” provider, there are relatively few that I can directly impact.

7 In AHLTA, clinical data can be separated into a few broad categories: Data from the S/O module (subjective/objective data)Data from A/P Module (diagnoses, procedure codes, orders)Data from free-text areas of the AHLTA encounterData from everything elseVitalsQuestionnairesResults for labs, meds, radiologyEtc, etcParticipants should already understand most of what they need to for orders, etc. I’m going to focus on S/O notes

9 Providers aren’t willing to spend a lot of time lookingObservation #2Providers aren’t willing to spend a lot of time lookingfor the “right” term

10 Clinical DataBecause providers aren’t willing to spend a lot of time finding the exact Medcin term, anyone viewing the data shouldn’t expect to find much specificityExample:Paper note: “Patient had mild inspiratory wheezing in the left lower lung field”“Perfect” Medcin note: “Mild inspiratory wheezing. Wheezing was heard on the left at the base” mouse clicksRealistic Medcin note: “Wheezing was heard in the left lower lung field with inspiration.”(All text in red is free-text)

11 Only AIM forms have “guaranteed” stabilityClinical DataSince providers won’t spend time looking for terms, they will use the ones they can find easily all the time.If there is a term/concept that needs to be captured, it needs to be placed in a template that is being usedOnly AIM forms have “guaranteed” stabilityNo system mechanism available to “mandate” any usage of the S/O module

12 Example of current Medcin useThe “Current Medications” term is the same in all AMEDD AIM FormsThere are queries that are run to check compliance with filling that box

13 Providers care considerably more about the Observation #3Providers care considerably more about thequality of their documentation than they doabout the codes generated

14 Clinical DataAre diagnoses (i.e. the ICD-9 codes) in AHLTA clinical data or business data?Is there a difference?Is there a 1:1 correspondence between diagnoses in a paper chart and diagnoses in AHLTA?

15 Diagnoses in the paper worldClinical DataDiagnoses in the paper worldProviders could list diagnoses in any orderThey could call a diagnosis whatever they wanted toCoders never told a provider their diagnosis was “wrong”Codes reflected what was in the documentationToday in AHLTAThere are rules for the ordering of diagnosesWhat must be first, what must be one of the first 4, etcProviders are limited on what they can directly call somethingThey aren’t limited to the ICD-9 text for what is printedWhat’s available isn’t as robust as options with written notesProviders are told that their documentation is wrongThey are told their code is wrong, but the code *is* the documentation

16 Clinical DataScenario #1: An 8 month old child is seen today because the doctor saw fluid in the middle ear a month ago and wanted to make sure it cleared after an infection. On exam today there is no fluid seen.Paper chart: Assessment – s/p OM c effusion, now resolved. F/U at WCC in 1 month or PRN.

18 What do the coding rules say needs to be coded? Clinical DataScenario #2: 22 year old type 1 diabetic is 16 weeks pregnant and is coming in for a routine pre-natal visit. During the visit she complains of discharge and a GC probe is collected. It comes back from the lab positive for a Sexually Transmitted Disease.What do the coding rules say needs to be coded?What would the provider have written in the paper world?What is the incentive for the providers to do the extra work required to code above and beyond their documentation needs?There are at least 4 diagnoses that should be listed. One example is which is “Other antepartum venereal diseases” and there needs to be another code to describe the disease itself. There are also two codes for the diabetes.

20 In the provider’s eyes, anything else is a very distant fourthBusiness DataThere are three categories of codes that providers consider to be “business data”ICD-9/10 codes (discussed previously)CPT/HCPCS codesE&M CodesIn the provider’s eyes, anything else is a very distant fourth

21 Procedure (or CPT) Codes Business DataProcedure (or CPT) CodesPicked from Medcin terms, with a “many to one” mapping to CPT codesE.g. both “Electrocardiogram” and “ECG 12-lead with interpretation and report” map to code 93000The CPT code doesn’t end up on the noteProviders *can* search for exact CPT codes if knownNearly all providers use templates or favorites lists to store their commonly used ones

22 Back to observation #2“Providers aren’t willing to spend a lot of time looking for the right term”Providers will use what they can easily find, so once a code is in a template it is much more likely to be commonly used, even if it’s the wrong code!Work with the AHLTA training staff at your facility to help providers “clean up” the codes they shouldn’t be using out of their templates & favorites lists

23 Observation #1 - “Metrics drive behavior”Business DataHCPCS CodesObservation #1 - “Metrics drive behavior”If there are no RVUs associated with a code, providers will not be internally motivated to capture it

24 Evaluation and Management (i.e. E&M) codes Observation #1 BackgroundBusiness DataEvaluation and Management (i.e. E&M) codesObservation #1BackgroundE&M codes are a subset of all CPT codes that the DoD breaks out separateFor many physicians, the vast majority of their RVUs come from their E&M codesAHLTA has an E&M calculator that works pretty well, provided it has data it understandsAHLTA’s E&M calculator doesn’t include DoD-specific coding guidance (e.g. it doesn’t force Medical Decision Making as a component for established patients)AHLTA’s coding system has a number of “quirks”“Physicians” here includes PA & NPs

25 Issues with the AHLTA Coding Calculator Business DataIssues with the AHLTA Coding CalculatorIt can only use the 97 coding guidelinesIt can only count what it can “count”The coding calculator can’t account for any data that is free-textIt doesn’t ‘care’ about the nature of the presenting problemIt does look at things a DoD coder is told not to look at

26 So what do providers do about their E&M codes? See “Observation #1” Business DataSo what do providers do about their E&M codes?See “Observation #1”They would rather error on the side of “too high” than “too low”They pick the code they think is “right”Especially if they have a lot of free textThey click the “greater than 50% of time spent counseling and coordinating care” checkboxEspecially if they don’t want to write more free text

27 So how accurate is the coding calculator in AHLTA? Business DataSo how accurate is the coding calculator in AHLTA?Answer: “Great! As long as it has stuff to count.”Reality:Most providers always override the suggested E&M code (see “Observation #1”)Providers are much more likely to be praised for high RVUs than they are to be penalized for inaccurate coding (this also affects CPT coding)

28 “Metrics Drive Behavior”Some Final Thoughts“Metrics Drive Behavior”If a clinic looks at metrics for RVU generation (and trust me, they do) but they don’t care about (or even see) metrics on coding accuracy, it is unlikely that you will get providers to change current coding habits.“Providers aren’t willing to spend a lot of time looking for the ‘right’ term”When looking at either clinical or business data, don’t expect a lot of specificity in the coded data. Providers want to finish their note, and if they can’t find something quickly they’ll pick anything and move on.“Provider care considerably more about the quality of their documentation than they do about the codes generated”Proper training can help enable providers to generate quality notes that still provide the structured data needed by analysts at all levels.