This protein belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family of proteins. Aldehyde dehydrogenase is the second enzyme of the major oxidative pathway of alcohol metabolism. Two major liver isoforms of aldehyde dehydrogenase, cytosolic and mitochondrial, can be distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities, kinetic properties, and subcellular localizations. Most Caucasians have two major isozymes, while approximately 50% of East Asians have the cytosolic isozyme but not the mitochondrial isozyme. A remarkably higher frequency of acute alcohol intoxication among East Asians than among Caucasians could be related to the absence of a catalytically active form of the mitochondrial isozyme. The increased exposure to acetaldehyde in individuals with the catalytically inactive form may also confer greater susceptibility to many types of cancer. This gene encodes a mitochondrial isoform, which has a low Km for acetaldehydes, and is localized in mitochondrial matrix. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2016]

Expression

Broad expression in fat (RPKM 510.6), liver (RPKM 492.8) and 19 other tissues See more

Biological oxidations, organism-specific biosystemAll organisms are constantly exposed to foreign chemicals every day. These can be man-made (drugs, industrial chemicals) or natural (alkaloids, toxins from plants and animals). Uptake is usually via ...

Ethanol oxidation, organism-specific biosystemEthanol and related alcohols can be ingested as part of the diet and are formed by microorganisms in the intestinal tract. Ethanol oxidation to acetate occurs primarily in liver cells in a multistep ...

Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis, organism-specific biosystemGlycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabol...

Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis, conserved biosystemGlycolysis is the process of converting glucose into pyruvate and generating small amounts of ATP (energy) and NADH (reducing power). It is a central pathway that produces important precursor metabol...

L-phenylalanine degradation IV (mammalian, via side chain), conserved biosystemGeneral Background |FRAME: PHE| is an essential amino acid in humans and must be obtained in the diet. The major pathway of mammalian |FRAME: PHE| degradation is via hydroxylation to |FRAME: TYR| i...

Metabolism, organism-specific biosystemMetabolic processes in human cells generate energy through the oxidation of molecules consumed in the diet and mediate the synthesis of diverse essential molecules not taken in the diet as well as th...

Metabolism of serotonin, organism-specific biosystemSerotonin is first metabolized to 5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde by monoamine oxidase. 5-hydroxyindole acetaldehyde is then catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase to form 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid.

Neurotransmitter Clearance In The Synaptic Cleft, organism-specific biosystemNeurotransmitter released in the synaptic cleft binds to specific receptors on the post-synaptic cell and the excess of the neurotransmitter is cleared to prevent over activation of the post-synapti...

Phase 1 - Functionalization of compounds, organism-specific biosystemPhase 1 of metabolism is concerned with functionalization, that is the introduction or exposure of functional groups on the chemical structure of a compound. This provides a 'handle' for phase 2 conj...

Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft, organism-specific biosystemSerotonergic neurotransmission affects a wide range of behaviors, from food intake and reproductive activity, to sensory processing and motor activity, to cognition and emotion. One such key regulato...

Transmission across Chemical Synapses, organism-specific biosystemChemical synapses are specialized junctions that are used for communication between neurons, neurons and muscle or gland cells. The synapse involves a pre-synaptic neuron and a post-synaptic neuron,...

ethanol degradation IV, organism-specific biosystemThis ethanol degradation pathway begins with conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde by peroxisomal catalase . The resulting acetaldehyde passes from the peroxisome to the cytoplasm and into the mitoch...

putrescine degradation III, organism-specific biosystemGeneral Backround Polyamines (the most common of which are :PUTRESCINE, :SPERMIDINE and :SPERMINE), a group of positively charged small molecules present in virtually in all living organisms, have b...

putrescine degradation III, conserved biosystemGeneral Backround Polyamines (the most common of which are |FRAME:PUTRESCINE|, |FRAME:SPERMIDINE| and |FRAME:SPERMINE|), a group of positively charged small molecules present in virtually in all liv...

serotonin degradation, organism-specific biosystemGeneral Background The neurotransmitter and neuromodulator : SEROTONIN has important roles in the mammalian central nervous system including learning, memory and development. Imbalance of : SEROTON...

serotonin degradation, conserved biosystemGeneral Background The neurotransmitter and neuromodulator |FRAME: SEROTONIN| has important roles in the mammalian central nervous system including learning, memory and development. Imbalance of |F...

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome
annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current
genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in
this section to the one reported in Genomic regions,
transcripts, and products above.

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a
specific genome build. Explain

This section includes genomic Reference
Sequences (RefSeqs) from all assemblies on which this gene is annotated, such as
RefSeqs for chromosomes and scaffolds (contigs) from both reference and alternate
assemblies. Model RNAs and proteins are also reported here.