Collocations

Yes/No/Not Given

Does the following statement reflect the claims of the writer in the reading passage?

On your answer sheet write

YESIf the statement reflects the claims of the writer

NOIf the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVENIf it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

1 Climate change is one of the most difficult issues facing countries in conflict.

New research points to a powerful link between climate change and armed conflict. It also finds that countries that are ethnically mixed are more likely to experience this kind of conflict. But their results may actually tell us more about the consequences of colonialism than ethnic diversity. This new research joins a raft of existing research on climate change and conflict – often reaching competing conclusions. What is the link between climate change and conflict? This isn’t an issue that can be solved with one study.

There are in fact hundreds of studies looking at this issue. And they don’t all reach the same conclusion. Some studies do show that climate impacts lead to increased violence. But some studies find that there was actually no connection at all. Being hit by a disaster or climate change impacts didn’t make any difference to levels of violence. Some studies even found the opposite. Climate change impacts actually reduced some kinds of violence. So what happens when we look at all this research as a whole? Yes, some of the studies point in different directions. But what about when we consider all the research together? Does it point to powerful climate – conflict connection, or not?

True/False/Not Given

Does the information in the statement match the information in the passage?

TRUEif the statement agrees with the information

FALSEif the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVENif there is no information on this statement

Farmers worldwide are entering a period of increasing uncertainty as climate change compromises food production in areas already sensitive to food insecurity, a new report cautions. And the group predicted to be most affected will be women. The annual report by a worldwide food agency that collects data on global food and farming trends, ties together poverty, hunger, and climate change to persuade governments to adopt policy changes that will protect farmers of the future.

1 Women were found to be the most vulnerable group to the effects of climate change.

Multiple Choice

Read the text and choose the appropriate answer(s) A, B, C or D.

In population terms, Djibouti is the smallest state in continental Africa – and only Swaziland and Gambia are smaller in terms of land. France granted independence in 1977, but retained influence until 15 years ago. The current President, Ismael Omar Guelleh, came to power in 1999 the year after neighbouring Ethiopia and Eritrea went to war, since when almost all of landlocked Ethiopia’s foreign trade transits via Djibouti.

As Ethiopia’s economy grew spectacularly, so Djibouti has opened a new container port and petroleum terminal, financed and managed by investors from the United Arab Emirates. Chinese funds and labour have resuscitated the railway, a century after the French engineers completed the original line to the Ethiopian highlands. Cargo will again move speedily and cheaply to Addis Ababa, spurring further Foreign Direct Investment. Port fees and Ethiopia’s transit trade is the mainstay of Djibouti’s economy. In addition to cash, Ethiopia supplies arid Djibouti with electricity and water.

Matching Information

Look at the following statement and the list of options below. Match the statement with the type of ginseng.

1 Its discovery provided economic benefits for early settlers.

A Asian ginseng

B American ginseng

C Appalachia ginseng

The world has 11 species of ginseng, which have historically been used by various cultures for their medicinal properties. Ginseng is touted as a cure for everything from low energy to erectile dysfunction. The plant is so popular throughout China that many Asian species are now extinct or severely endangered. The discovery of American ginseng in the 1700s by Jesuit priests provided a major financial boost for struggling colonists. Americans began trading their ginseng roots for Chinese tea. Today, the tradition of harvesting wild ginseng, a process known as going “senging” or “sanging,” persists throughout much of Appalachia.

Completion Tasks

Complete the sentences below.

Use NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.

Children differ substantially in their mathematical abilities. In fact, some children cannot routinely add or subtract, even after extensive schooling. This new paper proposes that math disability arises from abnormalities in brain areas supporting procedural memory. Procedural memory is a learning and memory system that is crucial for the automatization of non-conscious skills, such as driving or grammar.

1 Children’s mathematical skills are _________ different.

2 Mathematical disability is due to brain __________ related to procedural memory.

3 Procedural memory is an important __________ related to memory and learning.

E2Language IELTS Success Stories

Olga, IELTS 8.5

I needed to change my preparation strategy in order to achieve my desired result. I decided to attend one of the webinars with Jay to see if they really were that helpful as people described them ... and this is where my road to success with E2Language started.

June, IELTS 7.5

I've done it! Thanks to E2Language, especially Jamal and Mr. Andy. You've made my day. I was so thrilled when I logged on to British Council website to check my result!

Padma, IELTS 8.5

E2Language have a good range of instructors and every one of them is a gem. I had the pleasure of working with Sasha, Andy, Chiara & David and thank you to all of you for your wonderful feedback.

About E2Language

Our vision is to provide flexible, fun and on-demand English Language learning courses online so people can achieve their goals at the level, pace and time that suits their busy lifestyle.

E2Language Success Stories

Olga, IELTS 8.5

I needed to change my preparation strategy in order to achieve my desired result. I decided to attend one of the webinars with Jay to see if they really were that helpful as people described them ... and this is where my road to success with E2Language started.

Manjunath, PTE 90

I would like to thank Jay, Kaia, Colin, David, Jamal, and the other members of E2Language for their continued support, motivation, and guidance.
I could not have achieved this amazing score without their assistance.

June, IELTS 7.5

I've done it! Thanks to E2Language, especially Jamal and Mr. Andy. You've made my day. I was so thrilled when I logged on to British Council website to check my result!

Padma, IELTS 8.5

E2Language have a good range of instructors and every one of them is a gem. I had the pleasure of working with Sasha, Andy, Chiara & David and thank you to all of you for your wonderful feedback.

Antonio, PTE 76

On my 3rd try I finally nailed the speaking section. For those struggling with speaking like me, I suggest they follow the E2 learning system and practice, practice, practice; especially the techniques in describe image and retell lecture. You don't have to be a native English speaker, just follow the strategy and you will be on the right path!

Marcelo, IELTS 7.5

Shilpa, PTE 88

My experience with E2Language has been amazing!! The strategies and course material is very helpful and straightforward. I was able to score overall 88 in PTE and credit goes to all the tutors who work hard and keep us motivated. E2Language rocks!! I am moving forward with my immigration process now.

Mi Mi, PTE 73

I just received my score report and I've got my desired score. The best part is I got 90 in speaking. Thank you so much (David) for your guidance and help!

Roy, PTE 89

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Shyam, PTE 82

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Vinay, PTE 86

I needed to score a minimum of 79 in all sections but I was nervous about taking the test without getting help from a coach. I was fortunate to find E2 Language because I was looking for a flexible online class. Their study portal website is fantastic and has quality material. I also had signed up for two 40 minute talks with experts which proved to be a game-changer. Thank you E2 Language for helping me and achieving an overall 86.

Vishal, PTE 89

E2Language helped me to have a successful career and settle in Australia!

Shailesh, PTE 73

I have had a really great experience, the teachers are very thorough and understand the level and requirement of students. All the techniques and methods are trialled and tested, I got 90 in speaking, because I opted to with these methods, and without a doubt it worked for me. It clearly has opened the doors for me to get the Australian PR. All the best everyone.

Monalisa and Saisrikanth, PTE 80 & 90

After preparing for a month with the help of E2Language, my husband Sai and I, have scored wonderfully in PTE Academic. Without the learning from them, this would not have been possible. The methods and techniques have worked effectively. I would highly encourage anyone who is targeting PTE to sign up with E2Language. Special thanks to Jay for the interactive and interesting tutorials.

Gleb, PTE 79

It's unbelievable but I did it! I passed the exam with the score I need for my immigration purposes!!
Without you guys it wouldn't be possible to achieve such a nice score for PTE - overall 79!! And the most important is that I got 90 in speaking!!

Chandrashekar, PTE 87

I was aiming for a 79+ in each section and E2Language helped me achieve more than I had hoped for. Your comments during the tutorials and the weekly mock tests greatly helped me in achieving my goal. I have in fact maxed in 3 sections out of 4 and would like to thank you for your guidance and support!

Anil, PTE 80

Just want to share my awesome experience with E2Language, for providing an excellent platform giving incredible teaching methods and guidance. I would totally recommend E2Language for PTE coaching.

Satwik, PTE 90

To say I am elated and super excited would only be an understatement. This score has unblocked lot of things for me in my life.

Irem, PTE 73

I took the PTE Academic exam and with the help of the lovely team of E2Language I got 73. If you sign up for this great website, take their advice, and practice, I can assure you that you will get your best score.

Jomon, PTE 77

Thank you so much for all your great advice and support. I am grateful to all in the team. My dream to go Australia now seems more bright!

Nischal, PTE 69

I'd really like to thank e2 language for helping me to get my desired score of 65 each. Once again thanks a lot. All the tricks and techniques were really helpful.