These ultra-thin solar cells can be bent around a pencil

The cells are fabricated onto a flexible substrate that is just a micrometer thick — one-half to one-quarter the thickness of other “thin” solar cells and hundreds of times thinner than conventional cells. A human hair, by comparison, is about 100 micrometers.

The team at the Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology in South Korea managed to reduce the thickness by directly attaching the cells to the substrate without the use of an adhesive.

They were stamped onto the substrate and then cold welded, a process that binds two materials together through pressure, not heat.

The scientists tested the cells and discovered they can almost be folded in half — wrapped around a radius as small as 1.4 millimeters.