September 1870

1870

In 1876, an unsuccessful attempt was made to ship frozen meat from Australia to the UK. The equipment broke down en route and the cargo was spoiled. In 1879, the first successful frozen meat exports were achieved when 40 tons of frozen beef and mutton was shipped from Sydney to the UK aboard the Strathleven, arriving in good condition. Subsequently, the Dunedin, was fitted with a refrigeration plant and began carrying frozen cargo from New Zealand to England. More

Athanassio Comino hailed from the Greek island of Kythera and arrived in Sydney in 1873. Although some accounts say he opened the first Australian fish and chip shop, family records suggest he copied the idea from a Welshman in Oxford Street. He reputedly opened in competition a few doors away in 1879. More

The first banana plants were brought to Australia by Chinese migrants, probably as early as the middle of the 19th century. In the 1873 gold was discovered in the Palmer River area of far North Queensland, attracting Chinese miners. After 1878, many of the miners returned to coastal areas such as Cooktown, Cairns and Innisfail (then called Geraldton) and planted bananas, sugar cane, pineapples and other crops.>History of BananasMore

Passengers aboard the Aconcagua had a less-than-pleasant voyage through the Red Sea when 20,000 cans of rabbit meat exploded in the heat. The rabbits were exported from South Australia, bound for Britain. After the unfortunate rabbit explosion the stench from rotting meat permeated the ship for many days. More

Coffee palaces were developed with the backing of the temperance movement as an alternative to pubs. The Sydney Coffee Palace Hotel Company was formed in 1878 to operate several of these grand temperance hotels. During the 1880s, the number of temperance hotels boomed and they were promoted as family-friendly places to stay, away from the evil influences of alcohol. More

Edward Fitzgerald had opened a brewery in Castlemaine, Victoria, in 1856. Joined by his brother Nicholas, he expanded his operation to Brisbane and Castlemaine XXX Sparkling Ale was released in 1878. In 1889, their brewery was the first in Queensland to produce a lager-style beer. Castlemaine merged with Toowoomba’s Perkins Brewery in 1928 to form Castlemaine Perkins. More

The Great Artesian Basin is a natural underground water resource covering thousands of square kilometers in inland Australia. Natural springs fed from this source were long known to indigenous people. Europeans discovered the water when a bore was sunk near Bourke, NSW, in 1878. The image here is from Charlotte Plains Station camping area, near Cunnamulla, Queensland. More

The Queen Victoria Market was built on the site of Melbourne’s first cemetery. It is now the largest open air market in the southern hemisphere, with a colourful (and criminal) history, from mafia killings and extortion rackets to piracy crackdowns. As well as stalls for meat, fish, deli goods fruit and vegetables and general goods it has a range of eating places including the famous American Doughnut Kitchen food van. More

Phylloxera, an aphid-like root louse that destroys grapevines, devastated up to 70% of Europe’s vineyards at the end of the 19th century. It first appeared in Australia at Geelong in 1877. It spread north, being detected in New South Wales in 1884 and Queensland in 1910, destroying vineyards and devastating the industry. South Australia, having banned movement of vine material in 1874, remained free of the pest. Western Australia and Tasmania also escaped infection. More

It wasn’t called the Ekka then, of course. The Intercolonial Exhibition of 1876 was the first exhibition of the National Agricultural and Industrial Association of Queensland, which was formed in 1875. The exhibition took place at Bowen Park. Some 15,000 to 17,000 people attended. There were more than 1500 entries to the competitions amounting to around 18,000 exhibits.

South Australian Robert Bowyer Smith developed the first Stump Jump Plough in 1876 and took out a patent the following year. The plough made it possible to till the soil in Mallee scrublands without grubbing out the stumps. The technology was not, at first, well accepted and he allowed his patent to lapse, whereupon other manufacturers began to capitalise on the idea. Smith was formally recognised as the plough’s inventor in 1882, receiving a bonus payment from the Parliament and a government land grant. More

Although not the first Australian to develop a commercial ice-making plant, Sydney businessman Thomas Mort saw the advantages of freezing works for his meat and dairy operations and in 1866 enlisted Frenchman Eugene Nicolle to develop an improved system. This led to the founding of his New South Wales Fresh Food & Ice Co., which was launched with an extravagant picnic in Lithgow. More

In 1865, William Arnott opened a bakery in Newcastle supplying goods to local people and visiting ships. Among his products were ship’s biscuits. He opened his first factory, known as William Arnott’s Steam Biscuit Factory, in 1875 and launched the famous Arnott’s Milk Arrowroot biscuits in 1882. The well-known parrot logo, which still adorns Arnott’s trucks, was introduced in 1888.>Arnott’s Ltd. HistoryMore

Although soda fountain machines had appeared in Australia at least as early as the 1860s, the first American-style drugstore soda fountain seems to have been in the pharmacy of Caleb and Washington Soul (who later gave their name to Soul Pattinson). Their store in Pitt Street, Sydney, included a large soda fountain and milk bar and became part of Sydney’s social scene. More

The first Railway Refreshment Rooms (RRRs) in New South Wales were at stations at Mittagong and Mt Victoria. In 1874, the refreshment room at Sydney’s Central Station was opened. The RRRs served beverages. hot grills, soup, sandwiches, cold meats and salads and pies.From 1926, some lines provided on-board dining. Food to Go, a NSW Rail Heritage exhibition in 2011/12, told the story of railway dining.

The first Sydney fish market was built by the City Council and opened in 1872 at Forbes Street, Woolloomooloo. Prior to this, fishermen had hawked their catch around the streets or sold fish direct from their boats in Sydney Cove or at Woolloomooloo. The market was relocated to Sydney’s Haymarket in 1914 and to Blackwattle Bay in 1966. More

With the depletion of natural oyster beds through dredging, attempts began to farm the Sydney Rock Oyster. According to the New South Wales Department of Primary Industry, commercial oyster farming began when the first ponds were established in Gwawley Bay, on the George River, by Thomas Holt in 1872. Other sources date his first attempts to 1866.More

Although John Toohey had produced his first Black Old Ale in an old cordial factory near Darling Harbour, the operation really got going when he and his brother James bought the nearby Darling Brewery in 1872. They established another brewery in Surry Hills in 1875, but didn’t start producing their lager (now called Tooheys New) until 1931. More

In 1872, English immigrant Brainard Skinner established a small cannery in O’Connell Town, now the inner city Brisbane suburb of Windsor. Using the brand name Skinner’s Preserved Delicacies, he became well known for a range of goods, especially his Green Turtle Soup. He also canned meat and fruit, and even made a dugong paté. More

“Colonial goose” had nothing to do with poultry. It was a joint of mutton, boned, stuffed and rolled, to be roasted in the same way as a goose. It is often held to be a dish of New Zealand origin and is still well-known in that country. However according to at least one writerthe earliest mentions in NZ are from the 1890s while, in Australia, canned Colonial Goose was among many wares offered for saleby the Metropolitan Meat Preserving Works as early as 1870. More

According to the Phillip Island & District Historical Society, chicory was first grown on Phillip Island in 1870. It was used as a substitute for coffee or as an addition to coffee essence. Until 1873, when the first chicory kiln was built on the island, the chicory was shipped green and taken to Melbourne by Captain John Lock in his ketch, John and Elizabeth. More

Although olive trees were introduced to Australia in around 1800, it wasn’t until the 1840s that experiments in commercial olive oil production began. A commercial oil press operated briefly in South Australia from 1864, but the first commercially successful operation began in 1870. It was based at Adelaide Gaol, where prisoners were employed in planting, tending, harvesting and processing olives. More

Abalone was an important food source for Aboriginal people in Tasmania. Europeans called abalone mutton fish and found it nearly inedible. However, when the gold rush brought Chinese immigrants to Australia they held the shellfish in high esteem. Chinese fisherman gathered abalone in Tasmania for shipping to the Victorian goldfields until a prohibitive duty was imposed by the Victorian Government. More

This menu takes you to the timeline for each decade.

From my YouTube

Read my books

The book based on this timeline can be ordered through your bookstore or from the usual online stores. It’s a nostalgic look at our food history from mutton to MasterChef. More details here.

And you can still buy my personal account of how Australian food has changed in the baby-boomers’ lifetime. It’s the story of a generation that can remember life before pizza, with a look at the ‘Mad Men’ era of Australian advertising. Buy it now.