Pharmacokinetics and Indications: Clomifene citrate modulates the estrogen receptor which enhances the release of gonadotropins by reducing feedback from the hypothalamus. It is most commonly used in the treatment of infertility where it stimulates ovaries to release hormones. Estrogen as well as progesterone when released in the body exert their effects on the hypothalamus to reduce the production of FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) and LH (Luteinizing hormone) but this medicine blocks this pathway and lead to increased production of gonadotrophins in the body. Moreover, it is used in body builders as an anabolic steroid in males. It leads to natural stimulation of testosterone production in the body which gives more masculine appearance. Clomophine citrate also increase the quantity of seminal fluid produced at the time of ejaculation. It is used in bodybuilders to shape up their body. In female, it is used for ovulation and in those who have impaired pituitary glands. In female, it is used to improve the quality of the egg production. Egg donors also use it. It is used in IVF (In vitro Fertilization and GIFT (Gamete Intra fallopian Transfer). Females having irregularities of ovulation can also get benefit from it. Males having low sperm count can take benefit from it. It is also used to improve production of testosterone in endurance athletes. It is very effective to combat conditions such as gynacomastia.

Possible Side Effects: Side effects of this estrogen receptor modulator are hyperstimulation of ovaries, abdominal discomforts, nausea and vomiting, breathe shortness, irritability, hot flashes, headaches, tenderness of breath, rarely hair loss but, and blurred vision. In women multiple pregnancies can occur in those who are already pregnant. There are few chances of miscarriages. Enlargement of ovaries and possibilities of cyst formation is also associated with this drug.