Hamiltoncity, Waikato local government regionregional council, north-central North Island, New Zealand. It lies 80 miles (130 km) above the mouth of the Waikato River. Hamilton originated as a military settlement on the site of a deserted Maori village. Declared a borough in 1877 and a city in 1945, it was named after for Captain John Hamilton, a Royal Navy officer killed fighting Maoris. The city is now the most important inland centre of New Zealandand . It is linked to Auckland (70 miles [113 km] northwest) and Wellington (343 miles [552 km] south) by rail and road. It , and its airport offers both domestic and international flights. Hamilton serves as a pastoral and lumbering area; industries include dairy and meat processing, brewing, brickmaking, sawmilling, engineering, and the production of stock food, farm machinery, clothing, cardboard cartons, plastics, prefabricated buildings, and coal gas. Hamilton lies on the natural-gas pipelines from the Kapuni and Maui fields. Its prominent institutions include the University of Waikato (1964), a teachers’ training college, an historic Anglican cathedral, the Waikato Museum and the Hamilton Art Galleryits constituent galleries, and the Hamilton Gardens, a multifunctional facility featuring botanical displays, public art, educational programs, and special events facility. Pop. (19962006) city, 109,043; urban area, 131,331129,249.