Abstract:

An apparatus for evaluating scientific phenomena by feeding liquid to a
minute channel, which is inexpensive, imposes little environmental load
and enables advanced technology to be easily enjoyed and can eliminate
experimental failures due to the clogging of the minute channel with a
bubble, is provided. Before starting the experiment with the experimental
liquid, the preparatory step of removing air in the minute channel by
vigorously injecting inert dummy liquid which does not react with the
experimental liquid into the minute channel and thereby filling the
minute channel with the dummy liquid is carried out. If one round of
preparatory step proves insufficient to wholly remove the air in the
minute channel and a bubble is found in the dummy liquid, the step will
be repeated until no bubble is found any longer in the dummy liquid.
Next, the experiment is started by supplying the experimental liquid to
inlet side liquid reservoirs and causing liquid feeding device to let the
dummy liquid filling the minute channel flow to outlet side liquid
reservoirs.

Claims:

1-9. (canceled)

10. An experimental method for a scientific phenomenon evaluating
apparatus wherein communication is established between two or more liquid
reservoirs constituting the inlet side and the outlet side by a minute
channel of not more than 1 mm2 in sectional area, the experimental
method using the scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus comprising:at
least one preparatory step of removing air in said minute channel in
advance by letting inert dummy liquid which does not react with the
experimental liquid used for the experiment flow into said minute channel
and filling the channel therewith; andan experimental step of feeding the
minute channel with said experimental liquid by supplying the
experimental liquid to said inlet side liquid reservoirs and causing
liquid feeding device to let the dummy liquid filling said minute channel
flow to the outlet side liquid reservoirs.

11. An experimental method for a scientific phenomenon evaluating
apparatus wherein communication is established between two or more liquid
reservoirs constituting the inlet side and the outlet side by a minute
channel of not more than 1 mm2 in sectional area, the experimental
method using the scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus comprising:at
least one preparatory step of removing air in said minute channel in
advance by letting an experimental liquid to be used for the experiment
flow into said minute channel and filling the channel therewith; andan
experimental step of feeding the minute channel with said supplied
experimental liquid by further supplying the experimental liquid to said
inlet side liquid reservoirs and causing transfer device to let the
experimental liquid flow filling said minute channel to the outlet side
liquid reservoirs.

12. The experimental method for scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus
according to claim 10, further comprising: a sucking step of reducing the
liquid level in the inlet side liquid reservoirs by sucking the liquid in
the outlet side liquid reservoirs with a tapered sucking tool between
said preparatory step and said experimental step.

13. The experimental method for scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus
according to claim 11, further comprising: a sucking step of reducing the
liquid level in the inlet side liquid reservoirs by sucking the liquid in
the outlet side liquid reservoirs with a tapered sucking tool between
said preparatory step and said experimental step.

14. A scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus, comprising:a substrate
having long grooves of a sectional area of not more than 1 mm2
formed in the surface of a planar body; anda covering plate which is
arranged in tight contact with the surface of the substrate and forms
minute channels in the substrate by covering said long grooves,
wherein:one end of each of a plurality of said channels joins with those
of other channels at one confluent point, the other end of each of the
plurality of said channels communicates with liquid reservoirs each
having a capacity of 5 to 5000 mm3,a scientific phenomenon in said
channels is made visually recognizable, and the plurality of said
channels are filled with inert dummy liquid which does not react with the
experimental liquid used for the experiment in a state of being free from
bubbles.

15. A scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus, comprising:a substrate
having long grooves of a sectional area of not more tan 1 mm2 formed
in the surface of a planar body; anda covering plate which is arranged in
tight contact with the surface of the substrate and forms minute channels
in the substrate by covering said long grooves, wherein:one end of each
of a first channel and a second channel which are two of said channels of
substantially the same length joins with the other at one confluent
point,the other end of said first channel communicates with a first
liquid reservoir having a capacity of 5 to 5000 mm3,the other end of
said second channel communicates with a second liquid reservoir having a
capacity of 5 to 5000 mm3,one end of a third channel which is one of
said channels communicates with said confluent point and the other end of
the third channel communicates with a third liquid reservoir having a
capacity of 5 to 5000 mm3,a scientific phenomenon in said channels
is made visually recognizable, and the plurality of said channels are
filled with inert dummy liquid which does not react with the experimental
liquid used for the experiment in a state of being free from bubbles.

16. The scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to claim 14,
wherein it is sold in a state in which the ports of said plurality of
liquid reservoirs are sealed with detachable plugs and said channels are
filled with said dummy liquid.

17. The scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to claim 15,
wherein it is sold in a state in which the ports of said plurality of
liquid reservoirs are sealed with detachable plugs and said channels are
filled with said dummy liquid.

18. The scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein said plugs are fixed to said covering plate with tapes.

19. The scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein said plugs and the ports of said liquid reservoirs are fixed to
each other by screwing structures.

20. The scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to claim 16,
wherein said dummy liquid is any of pure water, ethanol and a mixture of
ethanol and pure water having gone through de-bubbling in advance.

21. The scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to claim 17,
wherein said dummy liquid is any of pure water, ethanol and a mixture of
ethanol and pure water having gone through de-bubbling in advance.

22. The scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to claim 18,
wherein said dummy liquid is any of pure water, ethanol and a mixture of
ethanol and pure water having gone through de-bubbling in advance.

23. The scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to claim 19,
wherein said dummy liquid is any of pure water, ethanol and a mixture of
ethanol and pure water having gone through de-bubbling in advance.

Description:

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001]The present invention relates to an experimental method for a
scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus and a scientific phenomenon
evaluating apparatus, and more particularly to an inexpensive apparatus
for evaluating scientific phenomena with little environmental load and
suitable for conveniently enjoying advanced technology, and an
experimental method for making experiments with that apparatus free from
failures.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002]As scientific experiment materials for classroom use, which are
examples of scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus, items of various
configurations have been proposed so far (see Patent Document 1).

[0003]Patent Document 1, for instance, discloses a science teaching aid
which enables natural phenomena arising from temperature variations of
water to be observed by refrigerating or freezing water vapor in the
atmosphere or water or water vapor held in a container, and this item is
small, simply structured and claimed to permit faithful reproduction of
various natural phenomena arising from temperature variations of water.

[0004]Chemical experimental apparatuses for educational use include
experiment kits marketed by Gakushu Kenkyu Sha and others including
Kagaku to Gakushu: Jikken Kitto Shirihzu (Science and Learning:
Experimental Kit Series) and Otona no Kagaku Chikyu Kankyo Bunseki Kitto
(Science for Grownups: Kit for Global Environmental Analysis). Such a kit
is available at a relatively low price ranging from a few hundred yen to
3,000 yen, and is well accepted as an experimental kit which gives dreams
to children and enables its users to enjoy experiments.

[0005]However, as a conventional scientific phenomenon evaluating
apparatus of this kind, items like what is described in Patent Document 1
are relatively complex in configuration, difficult to make available at a
low price and therefore unsuitable for every pupil of a class to buy.

[0006]On the other hand, many of experimental kits relatively simple in
configuration, though comparatively low-priced and therefore suitable for
every pupil of a class to buy, are inadequate in the accuracy of finish
and consume correspondingly larger volumes of chemicals and other
materials. Therefore, when used by every pupil of a class, they impose
heavy environmental loads in terms of waste liquid disposal and other
respects, which is undesirable.

[0007]Moreover, what can be experienced with conventional experimental
kits are classical methods of scientific experimentation, and devices
which permit easy enjoyment of advanced technology are strictly limited
in availability.

[0008]In view of these circumstances, the present inventors consider what
comprises a substrate having a long groove of a minute sectional area
formed in the surface of a planar body and a covering plate which is
arranged in tight contact with the surface of this substrate and forms a
minute channel in the substrate by covering the long groove and is so
configured as to make a scientific phenomenon in the channel visually
recognizable to be a promising scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus
which is inexpensive, imposes little environmental load and suitable for
easily enjoying advanced technology.

[0010]However, an apparatus for evaluating scientific phenomena by feeding
liquid to such a minute channel involves a problem that, when liquid is
fed, a bubble may clog the minute channel on the way. Clogging with a
bubble entails a problem that it would disturb the liquid that is fed,
make it difficult to achieve a constant state and thereby make it
impossible to correctly evaluate the scientific phenomenon. Furthermore,
a failure in experiment due to the clogging of the minute channel with a
bubble invites the waste of time taken to make the experiment and the
liquid and other materials used for the experiment. Especially where a
test liquid having a high surface tension is to be let flow in the minute
channel, a bubble is more likely to clog the minute channel and the
clogging bubble would be extremely difficult to remove.

[0011]Thus, an apparatus which is to evaluate a scientific phenomenon by
letting liquid flow in a minute channel often suffers clogging with a
bubble when in use, and it is desired to solve this problem by a simple
method. Especially where a scientific experiment is to be made by
low-aged pupils, such as elementary school students, it is extremely
difficult to feed liquid without letting a bubble occur in the minute
channel, and it is extremely important for a scientific phenomenon
evaluating apparatus of this kind to enable a scientific experiment to be
carried out without letting a bubble occur whoever practices the
experiment.

[0012]An object of the present invention, attempted in view of these
circumstances, is to provide an experimental method for an apparatus for
evaluating scientific phenomena by feeding liquid to a minute channel,
which is inexpensive, imposes little environmental load and suitable for
easily enjoying advanced technology and can eliminate experimental
failures due to the clogging of the minute channel with a bubble, and a
scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus.

[0013]In order to achieve the object stated above, in a first mode for
implementing the invention, there is provided an experimental method for
a scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus wherein communication is
established between two or more liquid reservoirs constituting the inlet
side and the outlet side by a minute channel of not more than 1 mm2
in sectional area, the experimental method for the scientific phenomenon
evaluating apparatus comprising at least one preparatory step of removing
air in the minute channel in advance by letting inert dummy liquid which
does not react with the experimental liquid used for the experiment flow
into the minute channel and filling the channel therewith; and an
experimental step of feeding the minute channel with the experimental
liquid by supplying the experimental liquid to the inlet side liquid
reservoirs and causing liquid feeding device to let the dummy liquid
filling the minute channel flow to the outlet side liquid reservoirs.

[0014]In the first mode for implementation, in order that a failure-free
reliable experiment can be made, before starting the experiment with the
experimental liquid, the preparatory step of removing air in the minute
channel by vigorously injecting inert dummy liquid which does not react
with the experimental liquid, for instance water, into the minute channel
and thereby filling the minute channel with the dummy liquid is carried
out. If one round of preparatory step proves insufficient to wholly
remove the air in the minute channel and a bubble is found in the dummy
liquid, the step will be repeated until no bubble is found any longer in
the liquid. Next, the experiment is started by supplying the experimental
liquid to the inlet side liquid reservoirs and causing the liquid feeding
device to let the dummy liquid filling the minute channel flow to the
outlet side liquid reservoirs thereby to feed the experimental liquid
into the minute channel. As this causes the experimental liquid supplied
to the inlet side liquid reservoirs to follow the flow of the dummy
liquid filling the minute channel in advance toward the outlet side and
to be fed into the minute channel, no air finds its way into the
experimental liquid during the experiment, and a failure of experiment
due to clogging with a bubble can be prevented. Furthermore, since water
can be used as the dummy liquid in many cases as suggested above, any
increase in cost attributable to the experimental method according to the
invention can be restrained to a negligible extent.

[0015]In order to achieve the object stated above, in a second mode for
implementing the invention, there is provided an experimental method for
a scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus wherein communication is
established between two or more liquid reservoirs constituting the inlet
side and the outlet side by a minute channel of not more than 1 mm2
in sectional area, the experimental method using the scientific
phenomenon evaluating apparatus comprising at least one preparatory step
of removing air in the minute channel in advance by letting an
experimental liquid to be used for the experiment flow into the minute
channel and filling the channel therewith; and an experimental step of
feeding the minute channel with the supplied experimental liquid by
further supplying the experimental liquid to the inlet side liquid
reservoirs and causing transfer device to let the experimental liquid
flow filling said minute channel to the outlet side liquid reservoirs.

[0016]In the second mode for implementation, as the experimental liquid
itself is used as the dummy liquid for removing the air in the minute
channel, the use of the experimental liquid is more wasteful than where a
dummy liquid such as water is used, but since only one round of the
preparatory step is usually sufficient, a much greater saving in the
consumption of the experimental liquid can be achieved, compared with
possible repeated failures of the experiment due to the clogging of the
minute channel with a bubble.

[0017]In a third mode for implementation, the method in the first mode or
the second mode is characterized in that it further provided, a sucking
step of reducing the liquid level in the inlet side liquid reservoirs by
sucking the liquid in the outlet side liquid reservoirs with a tapered
sucking tool between the preparatory step and the experimental step.

[0018]By carrying out the preparatory step, the dummy liquid also
accumulates in the inlet side liquid reservoirs from which the
experimental liquid is supplied, and therefore the liquid level in the
inlet side liquid reservoirs has to be reduced in order to supply the
experimental liquid to the inlet side liquid reservoirs. In this case,
the liquid level in the inlet side liquid reservoirs has to be reduced
with the minute channel remaining filled with the dummy liquid.

[0019]In the third mode for implementation, as the sucking force of
sucking the liquid from the outlet side liquid reservoirs with the
sucking tool causes the liquid to flow to the outlet side with the minute
channel remaining filled with the liquid therein, the liquid level in the
inlet side liquid reservoirs falls. Since this suction can be achieved
only little by little by causing the tapered sucking tool to suck the
liquid, the liquid in the minute channel is not sucked. Therefore, no air
flows into the minute channel. In this case, even if air finds its way
into the liquid when the sucking tool is soaked in the liquid, this will
happen in the outlet side liquid reservoirs and, when the experiment is
started by feeding the experimental liquid into the minute channel, any
bubble would be discharged toward the outlet side, giving rise to no
problem. As the sucking tool, a paper string formed by twisting a sheet
of tissue paper and tapering the tip can be suitably used.

[0020]In order to achieve the object stated above, in a fourth mode for
implementing the invention, there is provided a scientific phenomenon
evaluating apparatus comprising a substrate having long grooves of a
sectional area of not more than 1 mm2 formed in the surface of a
planar body; and a covering plate which is arranged in tight contact with
the surface of the substrate and forms minute channels in the substrate
by covering the long grooves, characterized in that one end of each of a
plurality of the channels joins with those of other channels at one
confluent point, the other end of each of the plurality of the channels
communicates with liquid reservoirs each having a capacity of 5 to 5000
mm3, a scientific phenomenon in the channels is made visually
recognizable, and the plurality of the channels are filled with inert
dummy liquid which does not react with the experimental liquid used for
the experiment in a state of being free from bubbles.

[0021]In the fourth mode for implementation, a plurality of minute
channels of a sectional area of not more than 1 mm2 are formed in
this evaluating apparatus, one end of each of these channels joins with
those of other channels at one confluent point, and the plurality of the
channels are filled with inert dummy liquid which does not react with the
experimental liquid used for the experiment in a state of being free from
bubbles. Therefore, when the experimental liquid is let flow into the
minute channel to carry out an experiment with the experimental liquid,
the dummy liquid filling the minute channel in advance is driven out by
the experimental liquid. This enables a scientific phenomenon, such as
the diffusion of molecules, to be qualitatively observed without
suffering a failure of experiment due to the clogging of the minute
channel with a bubble. Especially where a scientific experiment is to be
made by low-aged pupils, such as elementary school students, it is
extremely difficult to feed liquid without letting a bubble occur in the
minute channel. However, if this scientific phenomenon evaluating
apparatus whose minute channel is free from bubbles in advance is used,
even elementary school students can make an experiment without suffering
a failure.

[0022]Also, sufficient accuracy can be achieved to experience advanced
technology-related phenomena occurring in this minute channel, such as
the diffusion of liquid, heat transfer by liquid, mixing of liquids and
chemical reactions of liquids (e.g. acid-alkali reactions and hydrolytic
reactions), without consuming large volumes of chemicals and accordingly
with little environmental load. Therefore, such a scientific phenomenon
evaluating apparatus is suitable as a teaching aid for scientific
experiments. Incidentally, as the liquid feeding method for letting the
experimental liquid flow to the minute channel, a positive pressure or
negative pressure using a pump or the like can be applied.

[0023]A preferable sectional area for the minute channel is not more than
1 mm2, more preferably 0.0025 to 0.64 mm2 and still more
preferably 0.01 to 0.25 mm2.

[0024]In spite of the wording "liquid reservoirs", these elements are
usually hollow, and a chemical or the like is supplied to them when this
evaluating apparatus is to be operated.

[0025]In order to achieve the object stated above, in a fifth mode for
implementing the invention, there is provided a scientific phenomenon
evaluating apparatus comprising a substrate having long grooves of a
sectional area of not more than 1 mm2 formed in the surface of a
planar body; and a covering plate which is arranged in tight contact with
the surface of the substrate and forms minute channels in the substrate
by covering the long grooves, characterized in that one end of each of a
first channel and a second channel which are two of the channels of
substantially the same length joins with the other at one confluent
point, the other end of the first channel communicates with a first
liquid reservoir having a capacity of 5 to 5000 mm3, the other end
of the second channel communicates with a second liquid reservoir having
a capacity of 5 to 5000 mm3, one end of a third channel which is one
of the channels communicates with the confluent point and the other end
of the third channel communicates with a third liquid reservoir having a
capacity of 5 to 5000 mm3, a scientific phenomenon in the channels
is made visually recognizable, and the plurality of the channels are
filled with inert dummy liquid which does not react with the experimental
liquid used for the experiment in a state of being free from bubbles.

[0026]In the fifth mode for implementation, three minute channels of not
more than 1 mm2 in sectional area are formed in this evaluating
apparatus, one end of each of which joins with the others at one
confluent point, and the plurality of channels are filled with inert
dummy liquid which does not react with the experimental liquid used for
the experiment in a state of being free from bubbles. This enables a
scientific phenomenon, such as the diffusion of molecules, to be
qualitatively observed without suffering a failure of experiment due to
the clogging of the minute channel with a bubble. Also, sufficient
accuracy can be achieved to experience advanced technology without
consuming large volumes of chemicals and accordingly with little
environmental load. Therefore, such a scientific phenomenon evaluating
apparatus is suitable as a teaching aid for scientific experiments.

[0027]Incidentally, the scientific phenomena here include various chemical
phenomena and physical phenomena of liquids occurring in the minute
channel, such as the diffusion of liquid, heat transfer by liquid, mixing
of liquids and chemical reactions of liquids (e.g. acid-alkali reactions
and hydrolytic reactions).

[0028]In a sixth mode for implementation, the apparatus in the fourth mode
or the fifth mode is characterized in that it is sold in a state in which
the ports of the plurality of liquid reservoirs are sealed with
detachable plugs and the channels are filled with the dummy liquid.

[0029]Selling the scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus in such a
state in which the ports of the plurality of liquid reservoirs are sealed
with detachable plugs and the channels are filled with the dummy liquid
relieves the experimenting person who buys it of the need to deaerate the
channels in advance of the experiment. This frees the experimenting
persons, even if they are low-aged persons, such as elementary school
students, from the risk of failing in the experiment on account of the
clogging of the channels with any bubble.

[0030]In a seventh mode for implementation, the apparatus in the sixth
mode is characterized in that the plugs are fixed to the covering plate
with tapes.

[0031]Fixing the plugs which seal the ports of the liquid reservoirs to
the covering plate with tapes in this way can prevent the plugs from
coming off on the way of sale and thereby letting the dummy liquid leak
out.

[0032]In an eighth mode for implementation, the apparatus in the sixth
mode is characterized in that the plugs and the ports of the liquid
reservoirs are fixed to each other by screwing structures.

[0033]Fixing the plugs which seal the ports of the liquid reservoirs to
the ports of the liquid reservoirs with screwing structures in this way
can prevent the plugs from coming off on the way of sale and thereby
letting the dummy liquid leak out.

[0034]In a ninth mode for implementation, the apparatus in any of the
sixth mode through the eighth mode is characterized in that the dummy
liquid is any of pure water, ethanol and a mixture of ethanol and pure
water having gone through de-bubbling in advance.

[0035]Essential requirements for the dummy liquid include the absence of
bubbles, inertness with the experimental liquid, freedom from decaying on
the way from the point of sale to the use, and ready replaceability with
the experimental liquid, and any of pure water, ethanol and a mixture of
ethanol and pure water having gone through de-bubbling in advance
satisfies these requirements. Incidentally, it is even more advisable to
use sterilized pure water or ethanol.

[0036]As hitherto described, the invention makes it possible to easily
enjoy advanced technology inexpensively and with little environmental
load and to eliminate experimental failures due to the clogging of the
minute channel with a bubble.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037]FIG. 1 is a plan illustrating the hardware configuration for use in
an experimental method for the scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus
according to the present invention;

[0040]FIG. 4(a) is a section showing a preparatory step in the procedure
of the experimental method according to the invention; FIG. 4(b) is a
plan showing the preparatory step in the procedure of the experimental
method according to the invention; and FIG. 4(c) is another section
showing the preparatory step in the procedure of the experimental method
according to the invention;

[0041]FIG. 5(a) is a section showing a suction step in the procedure of
the experimental method according to the invention; FIG. 5(b) is a plan
showing the suction step in the procedure of the experimental method
according to the invention; and FIG. 5(c) is another section showing the
suction step in the procedure of the experimental method according to the
invention;

[0042]FIGS. 6(a) through 6(d) are sections showing an experimental step in
the procedure of the experimental method according to the invention;

[0043]FIG. 7 is a plan illustrating an example of a scientific phenomenon
evaluating apparatus having multiple channels;

[0044]FIGS. 8(a) through 8(c) illustrate the manner of selling a
scientific experiment material, which is an example of scientific
phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to the invention; and

[0045]FIGS. 9(a) and 9(b) illustrate a case in which a plug and the port
of a liquid reservoir are fixed with a screwing structure in the manner
of selling the scientific experiment material, which is an example of
scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to the invention.

[0047]An experimental method for a scientific phenomenon evaluating
apparatus and scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus in preferable
modes for carrying out the present invention will be described below with
reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048]FIG. 1 is a plan illustrating a configuration of a scientific
experiment material 10, which is an apparatus for use in an experimental
method for a scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to the
present invention. FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show partially enlarged sections of
FIG. 1, FIG. 2 showing a first liquid reservoir 24 (encircled by dotted
lines in the upper left part of FIG. 1) and FIG. 3 showing a third liquid
reservoir 28 (encircled by dotted lines in the lower right part of FIG.
1).

[0049]Thus, the scientific experiment material 10 comprises a substrate 12
having long grooves (14, 16 and 20) of a sectional area of not more than
1 mm2 formed in the surface of a planar body and a transparent
covering plate 22 which is arranged in tight contact with the surface of
the substrate 12 and forms minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) in the
substrate 12 by covering the long grooves.

[0050]The minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) formed by the long grooves
(14, 16 and 20) comprise a first channel 14A and a second channel 16A of
substantially the same length which join each other at one confluent
point 18, and a third channel 20A which further joins with these first
channel 14A and second channel 16A at the confluent point 18.

[0051]The other end of the first channel 14A communicates with a first
liquid reservoir 24, which is a columnar hollow formed in the covering
plate 22, the other end of the second channel 16A communicates with a
second liquid reservoir 26, which is a columnar hollow formed in the
covering plate 22, and the other end of the third channel 20A
communicates with a third liquid reservoir 28 consisting of a columnar
hollow 28A formed in the substrate 12 and a columnar hollow 28B formed in
the same position in the covering plate 22.

[0052]It is preferable for the capacity of the first liquid reservoir 24
and the second liquid reservoir 26 to be 5 to 5000 mm3 and that of
the third liquid reservoir 28 to be 10 to 10000 mm3. Such levels of
capacity facilitate control of phenomena taking place in the
micro-channels.

[0053]The planar size of the substrate 12 and the covering plate 22,
though not limited in particular, may be a portable size, 80×50 mm
for instance, in view of the nature of the scientific experiment material
10 which requires in-school use. The thicknesses of the substrate 12 and
the covering plate 22, though not limited in particular either, may be
about 5 nm each for instance, in view of the strength, economic
efficiency and other relevant aspects.

[0054]As the material of the substrate 12, though not limited in
particular, to facilitate a production method described below, a resin
material, more specifically poly-dimethyl sulfoxide (PDMS), poly-methyl
methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), UV cured resin or
polycarbonate (PC) can be preferably used.

[0055]It is preferable for the sectional area of the long grooves (14, 16
and 20) formed in the surface of the substrate 12 to be not more than 1
mm2, more preferably 0.0025 to 0.64 mm2 and still more
preferably 0.01 to 0.25 mm2 as stated above. One of various
sectional shapes can be chosen for these long grooves (14, 16 and 20),
such as a rectangular (square or oblong), trapezoidal, V-patterned or
semicircular shape, though not limited in particular.

[0056]It is preferable for the material of the covering plate 22, though
not limited in particular, to be transparent in view of the need to make
scientific phenomena in the minute channels visually recognizable. One of
various resin plates is usable for this purpose, more specifically one of
poly-dimethyl sulfoxide (PDMS), poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA),
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), UV cured resin and polycarbonate (PC), or
various resin films more specifically polyethylene terephthalate (PET),
polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), triacetyl cellulose (TAC) and various
glasses (including soda lime glass and borosilicate glass).

[0057]Though it is usual for this covering plate 22 to be a flat plate of
which both the front surface and the rear surface are flat, it is also
possible to for its front surface accommodating the minute channels (14A,
16A and 20A) like a convex lens to make possible observation in an
enlarged state.

[0058]To add, a configuration in which the covering plate 22 is opaque and
the substrate 12 is transparent can be used as well.

[0059]It is preferable for sufficient flatness of the front surface of the
substrate 12 (the surface in which the long grooves are formed) and the
rear face of the covering plate 22 (the surface which comes into tight
contact with the substrate 12) to be secured with a view to facilitating
the formation of the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) and preventing
liquid leaks among other considerations.

[0060]Next, the method of forming the substrate 12 will be described.
First, a reverse template on whose front surface a reversed shape of the
long grooves (14, 16 and 20) in the substrate 12 is formed is prepared.
It is necessary also to form a reversed shape of the columnar hollow 28A
in the surface of this reverse template. One of various known machining
methods can be used to fabricate the reverse template, including
mechanical working with a machining center or the like, electrospark
machining, ultrasonic machining and photoetching.

[0061]Next, a parting agent is applied to the surface of this reverse
template. As this parting agent, a suitable one can be used according to
the type of resin material, the machining conditions (including the
temperature) and so forth of the substrate 12.

[0062]Then, a resin material is applied to the surface of the reverse
template and hardened. Where the resin material is a UV cured resin for
instance, it is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to be hardened. Where it
is a thermoplastic resin such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), the resin
material is placed against the surface of the reverse template, and
subjected to thermal transfer molding with a hot press machine.

[0063]The hardened resin is then peeled off the reverse template.

[0064]This method enables the long grooves to be formed accurately and at
low cost, resulting in a cost saving in the manufacturing of the
evaluating apparatus.

[0065]Next, the experimental method for the scientific experiment material
10 according to the invention will be described.

[0066]First, as the scientific experiment material 10, the following
members numbered 1) through 12) need to be made available as a set.

[0067]1) Reverse template

[0068]2) Resin material for the substrate 12

[0069]3) Molding flask for the formation of the substrate 12

[0070](To be used as the molding flask when the resin is poured to form
the substrate 12.)

[0071]4) Covering plate 22

[0072]5) Pipette for experimental liquid

[0073](To be used for supplying experimental liquids (reagents) to the
first liquid reservoir 24 and the second liquid reservoir 26 as required
according to the purpose of the test; either a pipette may be provided
for exclusive use with each reagent or only one for all reagents may be
shared among all the liquids, washed after each time of use.)

[0074]6) Tape for sealing the inlets and the outlets of experimental
liquid

[0075](Serves as a lid for the first liquid reservoir 24 and the second
liquid reservoir 26 which are supply holes for experimental liquid. It is
intended to lid the first liquid reservoir 24 and the second liquid
reservoir 26 after experimental liquid is supplied to them with a
pipette.)

[0076]7) Needle

[0077](Intended for boring holes in the tape as required, when
experimental liquid is to be supplied, to feed as much air as the
variation in the quantity of liquid, resulting from the transfer to or
from the first liquid reservoir 24 and the second liquid reservoir 26, to
these reservoirs.)

[0078]8) Casing

[0079](When this experimental set has been assembled, this casing is
fitted to prevent liquid from between the covering plate 22 and the
substrate 12 or to prevent the covering plate 22 or the like from being
damaged among other purposes. It is also possible to fit to this casing
various functions matching the purpose of the experiment, such as a
magnifying glass to facilitate observation of the minute channels (14A,
16A and 20A).)

[0080]9) Liquid feeding device

[0081](When heat is applied to the first liquid reservoir 24 and the
second liquid reservoir 26 (by touching the tape with a finger tip to
heat them with the bodily temperature) in a state in which the first
liquid reservoir 24 and the second liquid reservoir 26 lidded with the
tape, the volume of the liquid and/or the gas in the first liquid
reservoir 24 and the second liquid reservoir 26 expands. The liquid
feeding method makes use of this phenomenon.

[0082]Available methods include one by which pressure is applied to the
first liquid reservoir 24 and the second liquid reservoir 26 by making
use of the pumping principle and the liquid inside is thereby fed out.)

[0086](A brochure of commentaries on events that can be learned with this
set, including the purpose of the experiment, explanation of the events
and possible applications, is appended as required.)

[0087]12) Experimental method manual

[0088]Incidentally, though this set is designed to have each pupil make
the substrate 12 for himself or herself, if this making of the substrate
12 is dispensed with, a finished substrate 12 may be included in the set
in place of 1) through 3).

[0089]The experimental method according to the invention using the
scientific experiment material 10 described above comprises three steps
including a preparatory step, a suction step and an experimental step.

[0090]At the preparatory step, as shown in FIG. 4, an operation to remove
air in the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) in advance by filling the
minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) with inert dummy liquid 35 which does
not react with experimental liquid 34 to be used in the experiment (see
FIG. 6) is done at least once. Thus, the dummy liquid 35 is vigorously
inject into the inlet side first and second liquid reservoirs 24 and 26
as shown in FIG. 4(b) (see the arrow) and the insides of the minute
channels (14A, 16A and 20A) are filled with the dummy liquid 35 (FIGS.
4(a) and 4(c)) by supplying the dummy liquid 35 (e.g. water), which is
inert and phase-soluble with the experimental liquid 34 to be used in the
experiment (e.g. a dye) into the outlet side third liquid reservoir 28
which is larger in bore and heavily pressing with a finger 38 from above
the third liquid reservoir 28 as shown in as shown in FIG. 4(c). Whereas
this causes the air in the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) to be
removed, if any bubble is found in the dummy liquid 35 that has filled
them, it means that they have not yet been completely deaerated;
therefore, the preparatory step is repeated until bubbles are completely
eliminated. In this way, the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) can be
completely cleared of air. Further, if the insides of the minute channels
(14A, 16A and 20A) are filled with the dummy liquid 35 before feeding the
experimental liquid 34 to the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A), the
wettability of the wall faces of the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A)
will be improved, and accordingly any bubble that has inadvertently found
its way into the experimental liquid during the experiment would be
obstructed from clogging the channels.

[0091]Next, the suction step is carried out. This suction step is done
because the dummy liquid 35 also accumulates in the inlet side first and
second liquid reservoirs 24 and 26 from which the experimental liquid 34
is supplied, and therefore it is necessary to bring down the liquid
levels in the first and second liquid reservoirs 24 and 26 to enable the
experimental liquid 34 to be supplied. In this case, the liquid levels in
the first and second liquid reservoirs 24 and 26 have to be brought down
with the dummy liquid 35 kept filling the minute channels (14A, 16A and
20A), namely to prevent air from finding its way into the minute channels
(14A, 16A and 20A). For this reason, at the suction step, the dummy
liquid 35 is sucked very little by little with a twisted paper string by
soaking the thinly twisted tip 37A of the twisted paper string 37 in the
outlet side third liquid reservoir 28 while taking care not to let it
come into touch with the channel 20A as shown in FIG. 5(c). As this
ensures that the sucking force of the twisted paper string 37 causes the
dummy liquid 35 to flow toward the outlet side (see the arrow) while
continuing to fill the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) as shown in
FIG. 5(b), the liquid level in the inlet side first and second liquid
reservoirs 24 and 26 can be brought down as shown in FIG. 5(a). Should
any air find its way into the dummy liquid 35 during the sucking
operation, there would arise no problem since it would happen in the
outlet side liquid reservoir 28 and, when the experiment is started by
feeding the experimental liquid 34 into the minute channels (14A, 16A and
20A), the bubble would be discharged from the outlet side third liquid
reservoir 28. Therefore, if it is possible to prevent air from coming in
even if the dummy liquid 35 is sucked with the twisted paper string 37
from the inlet side first and second liquid reservoirs 24 and 26, this
will be acceptable. Incidentally, where it is possible to inject the
experimental liquid 34 by using a syringe (not shown) whose injection
port can tightly fit the inlet side first and second liquid reservoirs 24
and 26, there will be no particular need for the suction step.

[0092]Next, the experimental step is carried out. Thus, as shown in FIGS.
6(a) and 6(b), a prescribed quantity of the experimental liquid 34 is
supplied to the first liquid reservoir 24 (or the second liquid reservoir
26) with a pipette for experimental liquid 32. In this case, the minute
channels (14A, 16A and 20A) are filled with the dummy liquid 35.

[0093]Then, the first liquid reservoir 24 (or the second liquid reservoir
26) is lidded with a tape 36 for sealing the experimental liquid
inlet/outlet as shown in FIG. 6(c). This tape 36 is coated on one face
(the lower face in the drawing) with a sticky material, and this serves
to keep the first liquid reservoir 24 (or the second liquid reservoir 26)
off the external atmosphere.

[0094]Then, the finger tip 38 is brought into contact with the tape 36 as
shown in FIG. 6(d). This causes liquid feeding means to be formed in the
first liquid reservoir 24 (or the second liquid reservoir 26). This
liquid feeding means, as already stated, is pressure-adding type liquid
feeding means which causes the volume of gas in the first liquid
reservoir 24 (or the second liquid reservoir 26) to be expanded by the
heat of the finger tip 38 to feed the experimental liquid 34 to the
channel 14A (or 16A). Alternatively, it may be such pressure-reducing
type liquid feeding means as feeds the experimental liquid 34 to the
channel 14A (or 16A) by causing the finger tip 38 to bend the tape 36
downward and thereby reducing the volume of the first liquid reservoir 24
(or the second liquid reservoir 26). Further, it may as well such
pressure-reducing type liquid feeding means as causes the experimental
liquid 34 supplied to the inlet side first and second liquid reservoirs
24 and 26 to be sucked into the channel 14A (or 16A) by the sucking force
resulting from a reduction in the pressure in the space in the third
liquid reservoir 28.

[0095]Where the liquid feeding means is a pressure-adding type device, the
experimental liquid 34 is so fed into the minute channels (14A, 16A and
20A) as to shove out successively the dummy liquid 35, filling the minute
channels (14A, 16A and 20A) in advance, from the minute channels (14A,
16A and 20A) toward the outlet side. Or where the liquid feeding means is
a pressure-reducing type device, the experimental liquid 34 is induced by
the flow of the dummy liquid 35, filling the minute channels (14A, 16A
and 20A) in advance, toward the outlet side and guided into the minute
channels (14A, 16A and 20A) following the flow of the dummy liquid.
Therefore, there is no possibility for air to find its way into the
experimental liquid 34 during an experiment. This arrangement serves,
when the experiment is started by feeding the experimental liquid 34 into
the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A), to eliminate the possibility for
the experimental liquid to form bubbles or for bubbles to remain on the
wall faces of the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A).

[0096]Therefore, the flow of the experimental liquid 34 to be fed is not
disturbed by clogging by any bubble and a constant state can be achieved,
making the experiment free from failure and enabling scientific phenomena
to be correctly evaluated.

[0097]In addition, though the scientific experiment material 10 is a set
for having the pupils assemble the constituent parts for themselves, it
can as well be sold as a finished product. It is advisable for a
scientific experiment material 10 to be sold as a finished product to
have their minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) filled in advance with the
inert dummy liquid 35 which does not react with the experimental liquid
34 to be used for the experiment and accordingly placed in a bubble-free
state. In this case, if the three liquid reservoirs 24, 26 and 28 are
also lidded with a tape or the like in a state of being filled with the
dummy liquid 35, no air will find its way into them before the experiment
is carried out. Then, when the experiment is to be started, the tape can
be peeled off to start it from the suction step described above. This
enables the scientific phenomenon evaluating apparatus according to the
invention to be provided, which serves to free the experimenting persons,
even if they are low-aged persons, such as elementary school students,
from any risk of failing in the experiment on account the clogging of the
channels with any bubble.

[0098]Incidentally, in order to facilitate observation of scientific
phenomena, it is possible to use a magnifying glass, magnifying lens or
the like. Or it is also possible to provide the covering plate 22 in the
channel 20A part with a magnifying glass function (lens function) as
already stated.

[0099]Whereas the foregoing description referred to case in which the
scientific experiment material 10 has two liquid reservoirs 24 and 26 on
the inlet side and one liquid reservoir 28 on the outlet side, the
experimental method according to the invention is particularly effective
for a scientific experiment material 10 having multiple channels.

[0100]FIG. 7, illustrating an example of a scientific experiment material
10 having multiple channels, shows a configuration in which channels 50,
52, 54, 56 and 58 extending from five liquid reservoirs 40, 42, 44, 46
and 48 formed on the inlet side join into a single channel 20A at the
confluent point 18 to the third liquid reservoir 28. Where liquid is to
be fed by a pressure reduction by the outlet side liquid reservoir 28 in
such a scientific experiment material 10 having multiple channels,
bubbles are more likely to be formed before the confluent point 18. This
is because, when one of the multiple channels 50 through 58 is made open
to the experimental liquid 34 at a reduced pressure, the resistance in
the opened channel decreases and the resistance in the part of the
channel where there is any bubble increases. To remove this bubble, a
sufficient pressure reduction to overcome this resistance is required.
Generally, the relative proportion of even a small bubble to a channel is
high, and the bubble can cause disturbance of the flow of liquid. Once a
minute channel is clogged with any bubble in this way, to remove this,
either pressurized liquid has to be fed from the inlet side liquid
reservoirs 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48 at a high flow rate or the pressure in
the outlet side liquid reservoir 28 has to be reduced to obtain a high
sucking force and feed the liquid under reduced pressure at a high flow
rate, inviting a massive waste of the experimental liquid 34.

[0101]When the minute channels 50 through 58 and 20A are filled with the
dummy liquid 35 at the preparatory step in such a multi-channel
scientific experiment material 10, if any bubble remains in the channel
50 for instance, only the liquid reservoir 40 out of the five liquid
reservoirs 40 through 48 and only two liquid reservoirs 40 and 20 out of
the outlet side liquid reservoir 28 will be opened and the remaining four
liquid reservoirs 42 through 48 will be lidded and sealed. By letting the
dummy liquid 35 flow from the outlet side liquid reservoir 28 into the
minute channel 20A in this state, any bubble remaining in the channel 50
can be removed without fail. Or where bubbles remain in a plurality of
channels, for instance the channels 50, 54 and 58, the bubbles remaining
in a plurality of channels can be removed all at once by vigorously
injecting the dummy liquid 35 in a high flow rate from the outlet side
liquid reservoir 28 toward a plurality of inlet side liquid reservoirs 40
through 48, with all the liquid reservoirs 40 through 48 and 28 kept open
in advance. Incidentally, the operations at the suction step and the
experimental step are the same no matter whether the number of channels
is small or large.

[0102]In both of the apparatuses shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 7, when the
experimental liquid 34 having a high surface tension is let flow into the
minute channels, the minute channels tend to be clogged with bubbles, and
it is extremely difficult to remove the clogged bubbles. Therefore, it
may be one solution to subject the wall faces in the minute channels to
special treatment to improve affinity with the experimental liquid 34.
However, though special treatment of the wall faces in the minute
channels is technically possible, it takes much time and cost. Unlike
that, the method of filling the minute channels with dummy liquid as
stated above can be accomplished very simply and inexpensively, and
therefore is more preferable.

[0103]The scientific experiment material 10 so far described permits
maximum simplification of essential parts and cost reduction to enable
pupils to enjoy scientific experiments in the microscopic world and
develop their dreams, and yet provides high accuracy in experiments.

[0104]Especially where phenomena of molecular diffusion or the like, which
constitute the basis of chemical reactions, are to be qualitatively
observed, to improve experimental accuracy it is extremely important for
a plurality of experimental liquids to flow into channels at least under
the same conditions, and this requirement can be fully met. Thus,
relatively accurate experiments can be carried out by very simple and
inexpensive means. The quantities of chemicals, typically dyes or
pigments, used for experiments in the microscopic world can be very
small, resulting inn a substantial reduction in environmental load.

[0105]Although embodiments of the present invention in evaluating
apparatuses for scientific phenomena, scientific experiment materials and
the manufacturing methods thereof have been described, the invention is
not limited to these embodiments, but can be carried out in various other
modes.

[0106]Further, though the first liquid reservoir 24 and the second liquid
reservoir 26 are formed in the covering plate 22 and the third liquid
reservoir 28 is formed in the substrate 12 and the covering plate 22 in
the foregoing embodiments, some other modes, for instance one in which
all the liquid reservoirs are formed in the substrate 12 and the covering
plate 22, can be adopted as well.

[0107]Also, though three sets each of channels and liquid reservoirs are
provided in the foregoing embodiments, a configuration having four or
more sets of them can also be adopted, or a configuration illustrated in
FIG. 7.

[0108]Further, the pipette for experimental liquid 32 is used for
supplying the experimental liquids (reagents) to the liquid reservoirs
(24, 26 and so forth), a syringe, a micro-syringe or the like having
similar functions can as well be used in its place. Although it is
generally desirable to use an inexpensive pipette as a scientific
experiment material, for some test purposes one of the items having
similar functions may prove more preferable.

[0109]Next, the form of marketing to sell the scientific experiment
materials 10 will be described.

[0110]As shown in FIG. 8, the scientific experiment material 10 is sold in
a state in which the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) and the first
through third liquid reservoirs (24, 26 and 28) are filled with the dummy
liquid 35 containing no bubble and the ports of the first through third
liquid reservoirs (24, 26 and 28) are sealed detachably with the plug 60.
In this case, it is preferable for the plug 60 to be fixed with the tape
62 to the covering plate 22 to prevent, on the way of marketing, the plug
60 from coming off to let the dummy liquid 35 from leaking. In this case,
it is preferable to use as the tape 62 an easy-to-peel-off tape leaving
little glue behind. It is preferable to use as the plug 60 so used to be
one of an elastic material, such as a rubber plug or a cork plug, so that
the ports of the first through third liquid reservoirs (24, 26 and 28)
can be sealed.

[0111]Further as shown in FIG. 9, a male thread may be cut on the lower
external circumference of the plug 60 and female threads cut on the
internal circumferences of the ports of the first through third liquid
reservoirs (24, 26 and 28) to enable the plug 60 and the ports to be
fixed by a screwing structure 61. The maleness and femaleness of threads
to be cut on the external circumference of the plug 60 and the internal
circumferences of the ports may be reversed. Fixation by the screwing
structure 61 in this way can dispense with the use of the tape 62. It is
preferable for the material of the plug 60 in this case to be of the same
material as the covering plate 22 to enable the threads to be cut.

[0112]Further, the whole scientific experiment material 10 may be wrapped
by covering it with a shrink film and then causing the film to be
shrunken by heat. The whole scientific experiment material 10 may as well
be wrapped with a sealing film, such as Parafilm.

[0113]Important requirements for the dummy liquid 35 include the absence
of bubbles, inertness with the experimental liquid, freedom from decaying
till the point of sale to the use, and ready replaceability with the
experimental liquid, and any of pure water, ethanol and a mixture of
ethanol and pure water having gone through de-bubbling in advance
satisfies these requirements. Incidentally, it is even more advisable to
use sterilized pure water or ethanol.

[0114]Before filling the minute channels (14A, 16A and 20A) with the dummy
liquid 35, it is necessary to deaerate at least once the minute channels
(14A, 16A and 20A) as described with reference to the preparatory step of
the experimental method according to the invention.

[0115]In this way, selling the scientific experiment material 10 in a
state in which the ports of its plurality of liquid reservoirs (24, 26
and 28) are sealed detachably with the plug 60 and its channels (14A, 16A
and 20A) are filled with the dummy liquid 35 relieves the experimenting
person who buys it of the need to deaerate the channels (14A, 16A and
20A) in advance of the experiment. This serves to free the experimenting
persons, even if they are low-aged persons, such as elementary school
students, from the risk of failing in the experiment on account of the
clogging of the channels (14A, 16A and 20A) with any bubble. Also, the
absence of the need to deaerate the channels (14A, 16A and 20A) before
the experiment frees the use of the scientific experiment material 10
from troublesome handling.