3Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Children’s Hospital, Ljubljana University Medical Centre, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

4International Diabetes Center at Park Nicollet, Minneapolis, MN

5Close Concerns, San Francisco, CA

6Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

19Telethon Kids Institute and School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Australia

20Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA

26Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, and Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, and INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre, Montpellier, France

Abstract

Measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been the traditional method for assessing glycemic control. However, it does not reflect intra- and interday glycemic excursions that may lead to acute events (such as hypoglycemia) or postprandial hyperglycemia, which have been linked to both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), either from real-time use (rtCGM) or intermittently viewed (iCGM), addresses many of the limitations inherent in HbA1c testing and self-monitoring of blood glucose. Although both provide the means to move beyond the HbA1c measurement as the sole marker of glycemic control, standardized metrics for analyzing CGM data are lacking. Moreover, clear criteria for matching people with diabetes to the most appropriate glucose monitoring methodologies, as well as standardized advice about how best to use the new information they provide, have yet to be established. In February 2017, the Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD) Congress convened an international panel of physicians, researchers, and individuals with diabetes who are expert in CGM technologies to address these issues. This article summarizes the ATTD consensus recommendations and represents the current understanding of how CGM results can affect outcomes.