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Nursing is an art and a science. The nurse uses a scientific process to determine a client’s immediate and long range needs, in order to help the client achieve a higher level of psychological and physiological wellness. Norwood (1999) proposes that Maslow’s hierarchy can be used to describe the kinds of information that individual’s seek at different levels. For example, individuals at the lowest level seek coping information in order to meet their basic needs. Information that is not directly connected to helping a person meet his or her needs in a very short time span is simply left unattended. Individuals at the safety level need helping information. They seek to be assisted in seeing how they can be safe and secure.This process is also termed the nursing process. It consists of the following elements, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. It is within the application of the nursing process that the nurse incorporates attending to and ensuring that the client’s hierarchies of human needs are met.

These needs, according to Abraham Maslow (1954) consist of the following:

1) Physiological: hunger, thirst, bodily comforts, etc.
2) Safety/security: out of danger
3) Belonging and Love: affiliate with others, be accepted
4) Esteem: to achieve, be competent, gain approval and recognition.
Theory can be defined as “an internally consistent group of relational statements (concepts, definitions and propositions) that present a systematic view about a phenomenon and which is useful for description, explanation, prediction and control” (Bodie & Chitty, 1993).

Nursing theories are used to describe, develop, disseminate, and use present knowledge in nursing. Read more »

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