Like the way "liberal" means libertarian in Europe, but refers to someone on the anterior top left of a Vosem Chart (socially permissive, favoring Big Government on fiscal issues, against corporate personhood) in the U.S.?

I thought it was more the other way around

When talking ideology, I generally tend to interpret American 'liberal' as European 'social-democrat' or perhaps 'social-liberal'.

I wouldn't agree that 'liberal' means 'libertarian' in Europe, but maybe it depends on where you are, as the political landscape is far from homogenous. In Sweden we usually call libertarians nyliberaler (i.e. 'new liberals').

When talking ideology, I generally tend to interpret American 'liberal' as European 'social-democrat' or perhaps 'social-liberal'.

I wouldn't agree that 'liberal' means 'libertarian' in Europe, but maybe it depends on where you are, as the political landscape is far from homogenous. In Sweden we usually call libertarians nyliberaler (i.e. 'new liberals').

Which I find interesting, because libertarians stateside try to ally themselves with the GOP, which is mostly conservative. The libertarian candidate last election tried to position himself as a PC alternative to Trump, to appeal to Right-leaning moderates, but he's nuttier then Trump mixed with Carson on acid. There is also a school of political philosophy here called "Libertarian Conservatism" who are conservatives that take influence, to varying degrees, from libertarian political philosophy. Reagan is considered the prime example. When Ron Paul ran for president, he tried to position himself as such, even though I think he's very much a Weak Conservative Libertarian (A Libertarian that takes light influence from conservatism), as did his son, Rand, who IMO toes the line between being a Strong Conservative Libertarian and a Strong Libertarian Conservative (Reagan was a Mid-Weak Libertarian Conservative)

Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien

I remember a lot of libertarian (with a lower-case l) Millennials voting for Ron Paul in the 2008 and 2012 primaries. (In the 2016 election, they went with Gary Johnson, the Libertarian (with a capital L) candidate).

What I'd really like to see is an American candidate who is socially leftist, fiscally rightist, and leftist on corporate issues.

Yiddish /vulkans/ "clouds" Vulcans
This made me laugh, as I didn't know the Yiddish word, but the rest of the sentence it occurred in in my Yiddish learning book "The sky is full with" I could understand, and the new word /vulkans/ made me laugh, even though the word was in the vocab ("The sky is full of Vulcans")

Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien

Yiddish /vulkans/ "clouds" Vulcans
This made me laugh, as I didn't know the Yiddish word, but the rest of the sentence it occurred in in my Yiddish learning book "The sky is full with" I could understand, and the new word /vulkans/ made me laugh, even though the word was in the vocab ("The sky is full of Vulcans")

Yiddish /vulkans/ "clouds" Vulcans
This made me laugh, as I didn't know the Yiddish word, but the rest of the sentence it occurred in in my Yiddish learning book "The sky is full with" I could understand, and the new word /vulkans/ made me laugh, even though the word was in the vocab ("The sky is full of Vulcans")

They have deemed us worthy of first contact.

Actually, since Nimoy took the salute from a Jewish ceremony, and it's a Yiddish book, I assume they want to know how it's logical that a Terran culture happened to regard the same gesture their whole planet does as sacred.

Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien

It's about as logical as there being a whole planet having a culture very closely resembling Nazi Germany.

IIRC, when they encountered a planet that was undergoing a similar thing to the Cold War at the time the Episode came out, Kirk notes that he learned in History that during said war, a group of Americans anda group of Chinese communists disappeared, and Spock says logically, it must be that they were transported to this planet. I assume the same logic applies to the Nazi Planet and the Roman Planet, just Terrans didn't notice the disappearance.

Many children make up, or begin to make up, imaginary languages. I have been at it since I could write.
-JRR Tolkien

I assume the same logic applies to the Nazi Planet and the Roman Planet, just Terrans didn't notice the disappearance.

Guys, watch the episode! They definitely did notice. A Starfleet historian was on an official observation mission on the planet, but then he broke the prime directive and tried to bring order to their chaotic society by emulating the efficiency of the Nazi system. He tried to make them good Nazis, but as you would expect, he failed, and they turned into regular old bad Nazis.

In English, cool /kuːl/ is something you'd definitely like being.
In many Gallo-Italic languages, instead, cûl /kuːl/ is... well, your butt.
So if you are speaking to an elder in northern Italy, avoid telling him that he's cool using the English word (which is also a loanword in Italian, to make things funnier).

Actually, since Nimoy took the salute from a Jewish ceremony, and it's a Yiddish book, I assume they want to know how it's logical that a Terran culture happened to regard the same gesture their whole planet does as sacred.

Funny. I've had people tell me that my hand, when I wave at them as a greeting, looks like the Leonard Nimoy gesture from Star Trek. (My fingers unintentionally tend to stick together into three clumps.) Considering that's the shin-for-shalom sign, maybe it's just my Jewish roots unconsciously influencing my hand.

In brazilian slang, 'cuca' meens 'hed, nob', in colombian slang (and in the naboring countries) it meens 'vagina'. So a brazilian woman goes to Colombia, becomes a famous singer and is intervewd:
"How come you wer so successful in Colombia?"
"I used my 'cuca'!"
"Oh, i see..."

In soudern Brazil, on the other hand, 'cuca' meens 'cake', from german 'kuchen'.