Physician Density: Total active physicians per 100,000 population.Sources: Kaiser Family Foundation, Total Professionally Active Physicians, April 2017and U.S. Census Bureau Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: July 1, 2016

Malpractice Premiums: Average of lowest an highest rates per state, by various state, regional and national carriers in 2017. Data provided by medical malpractice specialists Cunningham Group; averages determined by Physicians Practice.Source: Cunningham GroupNOTE: The following states also indicate the base rate plus Patient’s Compensation Fund surcharge: Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Pennsylvania and South Carolina.

GPCI: Medicare Work GPCI: 2017 Geographic Practice Cost Indices (GPCIs) by state and Medicare locality. (* Indicates average of all municipalities / locations in state.)Source: E-MDs (with data from CMS)

2016 Data:

Cost of Living: 91

Residency Retention Rate: 63%

Tax Climate: $2,085

Physician Density: 213.3

Malpractice Paid Loss: $64,585

Medicare GPCI: 1.01*

Cost of Living: Index data is from Q2 2016 Cost of Living Data Series, Missouri Economic Research and Information Center.Source: Missouri Department of Economic Development

Cost of Living: Index data is from Q1 2015 Cost of Living Data Series, Missouri Economic Research and Information Center.

Source: Missouri Department of Economic Development.

Disciplinary Actions: (per 1000 physicians): The number of actions annually per 1,000 physicians taken by the state medical boards. Disciplinary rate for the period is calculated by averaging the disciplinary rates over the three-year period 2009 - 2011.

Source: Public Citizen.

Tax Climate: State Tax Collections Per Capita, Fiscal Year 2013 (taxes collected represent property taxes, sales taxes, licensing and permit taxes, income taxes, and other forms of taxes such as severance taxes or death/gift taxes).

Source: The Tax Foundation

Physician Density: Total Active Physicians per 100,000 population.

Source: Association of American Medical Colleges 2013 State Physician Workforce Data Book

Malpractice Paid Loss: Amount paid in malpractice awards per state (in $000), from the National Practitioner Data Bank Public Use File, December 31, 2014.

Tax Burden: State and local tax burden per capita in fiscal year 2010 compiled by the Tax Foundation.

Medicare GPCI: 2013 Geographic Practice Cost Indices (GPCIs) by state and Medicare locality, compiled by E-MDs with data from CMS.*multiple metro region's GPCIs were averaged to come across this broader state number

KEYCost of Living: First quarter 2010 data from Council for Community and Economic ResearchDisciplinary Actions: Public Citizen’s Health Research Group report on the rate of state medical boards’ serious disciplinary actions taken per 1,000 physicians between 2009 and 2011Tax Burden: State and local tax burden per capita in fiscal year 2009 compiled by the Tax FoundationMedicare GPCI: 2012 Geographic Practice Cost Indices (GPCIs) and Anesthesia CF by State and Medicare Locality report, compiled by E-MDs with data from CMS*multiple metro region's GPCIs were averaged to come across this broader state numberPhysician Density: Doctors per 100,000 residents, from the U.S. Census Bureau Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012Malpractice Award Payouts: Amount paid in medical malpractice claims per capita in 2010, from the Kaiser Family Foundation

KEYWork GAF: CMS ’ Geographic Adjustment Factor is an adjustment in Medicare pay based on cost-of-doing-business differences. Median: 1.0.Cost-of-Living Index: Computed by the Council for Community and Economic Research. Median: 100.State Income Tax Burden, per capita: From the Tax Foundation.Medical Liability Average Premiums: From MyMedicalMalpracticeInsurance.com; ranges supplied for where averages vary widely by location and insurer.Physicians per capita: From the U.S. Census, reflects competition level.Medical Board Disciplinary Actions: From Public Citizen, reflects physician autonomy.