Learning objectivesAt the end of this lesson, you will be able to:  identify two types of policy briefs (advocacy and objective);  describe the characteristics of a policy brief;  describe the structure and contents of a policy brief; and  conceptualize a policy brief about a food security issue.

Introduction
In this lesson we will take a close look at policy briefs and learn how to produce them.

What are policy briefs?A policy brief is a concise summary of a particular issue, the policy options to deal with it, and some recommendations on the best option. It is aimed at government policymakers and others who are interested in formulating or influencing policy. Policy briefs can take different formats. A typical format is a single A4 sheet (210 x 297 mm), containing perhaps 700 words. It has an attractive design, and may have one or more photograph. Longer briefs (up to 8 pages, or 3,000 words) and other formats are also possible.

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Food Security Communications Toolkit

Examples of policy briefs
Here are some examples of policy briefs from different organizations:

INMASP and FAO. 2006. Farmer field schools on land and water management: An extension approach that works. INMASP and FAO Pilot Project on Land and Water Management through Farmer Field Schools. Jinja, Uganda. www.mamud.com/Docs/ ffslwm_policy_brief.pdf

Types of policy briefsThere are two basic types of policy briefs:  an advocacy brief argues in favour of a particular course of action.  an objective brief gives balanced information for the policymaker to make up his or her mind.

Advocacy brief Argues in favour of a particular course of action

Objective brief Gives balanced information for policy maker to make up his or her mind

Farmer field schools on land and water management: An extension approach that works (INMASP and FAO 2006) This policy brief urges Uganda’s government to adopt a particular approach to farmers’ education

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...HOW TO BRIEF A CASE
Briefing cases is a challenging experience. It requires one to read case law very carefully, often more than once. It also requires the reader to analyze the case, making judgment calls in choosing the portions that are relevant for the reader’s needs. Finally, it requires the reader to turn those judgment calls into a coherent, summary form that expresses the essence of the judge’s opinion. This is exactly why case briefing is so important.
The case brief should consist of five (5) elements: Facts, Procedural History, Issue, Holding, and Reasoning. The following discussion explains how each of these five (5) parts of the brief should be drafted.
THE FACTS:
A good case brief starts with a Facts section, but in order to be “brief,” a Facts section should only include the key facts. As a rule of thumb, key facts are those that put the case in a context and shape the case’s outcome. How do you know which facts? Read the case carefully, a couple of times. As you examine the facts from a case, ask yourself if the court could have reached its decision without that fact. If not, you have found a key fact that should be in your brief.
THE PROCEDURAL HISTORY:
The Procedural History is a brief and succinct statement that summarizes how the case came to be in the court. The Procedural History states the initial theory under which suit was...

...Introduction
Public policy, in general, refers to a broad ranging issue which may deal with a wide variety of substantive areas such as education, health, housing and others. Harold Dwight Lasswell, an American political scientist, has made a great contribution to the study of policy-making, declaring policy as a process – “a set of phenomena organised in time and led by a number of specific and self-induced mechanisms” (1951). The key emphasis of public policy has been set on the part played by policy institutions and structures of government and on the processes associated with policy-making. This essay will discuss about the role of various institutions in policy-making process with reference to Brunei Darussalam’s education policy: the National Education System for 21st Century, also known as Sistem Pendidikan Negara Abad 21 or in short, SPN21.
SPN21 as an Education Policy in Brunei Darussalam
The Ministry of Education in Brunei Darussalam is obligated in providing an educational system designed to diversify and broaden the provision of education as a package from primary to higher education to incorporating technical & vocational education, ensure a promising future for the country and prepare the younger generation for future roles as resourceful, competent and intellectual citizens. Hence, the education policy of SPN21 was...

...The Policy Process
HCS/455
05/28/13
Jay Littleton
The Policy Process
In today’s health care system it is constantly improving and changing, due to the demands of the health care system. For this to happen new policies must be created or even improving old policies. Congress is involved in the process of policy making; including three stages such as foundation stage, legislative stage, and implementation stage. When a health care topic is in process of becoming a policy it hopes to reach a desired outcome to have a positive effect on people. In the policy making model it has its strengths and limitations. Its strength is the reduction of complexity of policy making to manageable. The limitations of the policy making model is the linearly of the model. It is viewed as the last stage of the model overlapping with first stage, “where each step is considered as temporally and functionally distinct” (Metagora, 1995).
In the policy process there are many different models that explain the process. “One of the oldest and most common approaches to the study of policy- making derives from the early work of H. Lasswell (1951)”. H. Lasswell was an American political scientist who was known as the first to have taken into account and analyzed policy as a process....

...(WHO) does not have a policy of transparency applies to all activities and tasks, and this reduces the ability of the World Health Organization to be accountable to stakeholders
participation
Participation is the active participation of the Organization of stakeholders both internal and external courses taken and activities that affect them. Best applies in this side means that stakeholders should be given the opportunity to influence the decision-making, and not only the possibilities of the consent or acquiescence of any decision or activity. Post strengthens and buying property in return for what he has done by those they affect organizations.
Evaluation
Evaluation is a process by which regulate and monitor and review progress against the goals and objectives, reporting results, and feeds this knowledge from the future in planning and practice. Rating ensures that learn from the organization and be responsible for its performance.
Evaluation Policy at the World Health Organization meets most of the principles of best practices, but there is no evidence of any quality management systems to support this policy. A new evaluation policy is currently going through different stages of the AP-proval, but did not enter into force yet .
Complaints and response
The complaint and response mechanisms channels established by the organization that enables internal and external to submit complaints about...

...2/11/2015
LETTER OF MOTIVATION FOR THE MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY (MPP)
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Jun 22, 2014, 09:00pm #1
Hello, I'm submitting my application for a masters degree in public policy and needs
assistance from anybody who can help especially the administrators.
1. Please review my work and comment on its suitability
2.Make corrections to grammatical and structural errors
thank you for your help.
Dear Sir or Madam
LETTER OF MOTIVATION FOR THE MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY (MPP)
I write to apply for the Master of Public Policy under the XXX scholarship. This program is
an opportunity for me to enrich my knowledge and professional outgrowth thereby
contributing to the socioeconomic development, democracy and good governance as well
as promotion of social justice in Ghana. It is my ambition to be admitted to this post
graduate program in order to gain extensive competence for future academic research and
professional work. I graduated in 2012 from the XXX, where I was granted Bachelor's
Degree in Political Science with Psychology .
Ghana has evolved into a stable and mature democracy throughout the last two decades.
The country continues to show good performance on democratic governance, arising from
strong civil society activism, growing media pluralism and press...

...﻿This essay will critically examine the development, implementation and evaluation of early year’s policy reflecting on the role of research and the role of the practitioner within this process. It will address the impact policy has on practitioners and their day-to-day practice and highlight the part children play within the policy process. Finally it will analyse possible tensions which can arise around this policy process.Policy is define as: ‘a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government or a political party’ (Cambridge Dictionary, 2011, http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/policy_1?q=policy).
Levin (1997 cited in Baldock, et al 2005) identifies that policy has numerous meanings. These include, policy being a stated intention, an action such as Sure Start projects, an administrative practice for example if the government sets up funding there will be policy in place stating who is eligible, and an indication of action to be taken such as white papers produced by the government. Levin (1997 cited in Baldock, et al 2005) highlights that whilst there are a variety of meanings there are commonalities within the aforementioned meanings He suggests that policy will belong to someone e.g. government or a...

...principles by which employees are paid. At a minimum, organizations need to ensure that their compensation policy adheres to employment legislation. Policy guidelines should reflect the thinking, values, and basic strategies of the company, and they must be set consciously and thoughtfully by top management. Before setting compensation policies, management should address some basic policy questions:• How will jobs be valued (by content, skills required, etc.)?•How should pay compare to similar positions in relevant markets?•What is the policy with respect to pay for performance?•Is there a commitment to pay in relation to inflation, and if so, what is that commitment?•Will all persons and jobs be treated in the same way regarding compensation policies, or will there be differentiation according to title, tenure, or some other criteria?•What will be the policy regarding employee contributions to company sponsored health and retirement benefits?•What will be the policy on communicating the compensation program? Will the company have an "open" system?•What federal and state laws apply to delivery of compensation and benefit programs, and how will these be implemented?Additionally, best practice organizations adopt compensation principles that ensure fairness and equity in pay rates and salary administration, and transparency in compensation practices.
TextAn...

...Case Brief: R v.Shankar
Citation: Regina v. Corey Shankar, 2007 ONCA 280 (CanLII)
Facts: The accused was driving his car without the required laminated taillights when officers pulled him over late October 2004. The police asked Shankar for his licence, registration, and insurance. The accused handed over a licence in the name of Jason Singh, the insurance information handwritten on an informal yellow sticky note, and a photocopy of the vehicle registration. When inquired about the spelling of name, Shankar misspelled Singh as ‘Sing’ and gave the wrong unit number for the home address. Based on these wrong answers, officers arrested Shankar on the basis of misleading them; officers physically removed Shankar from the vehicle and searched him. The officers discovered bulletproof vests on Shankar’s person, Shankar justified these on the basis of self defence and protection. When searching the vehicle police found numerous weapons including two guns, a hunting knife, and ammunition. Shankar did not testify in court, and was charged and convicted of two counts of possession of loaded, prohibited firearms and public mischief. Shankar appealed his conviction to the Ontario Court of Appeal, where the appeal was listened to in March 2007. Consensually, the appeal was dismissed in April of 2007.
Legal Issue: Were the police justified to search Shankar and the vehicle due to their warrantless search? Did the police use excessive force in the physical removal of...