TEETH WHITENING GUIDE

YOUR WHITENING QUESTIONS ANSWERED BY DR. CHRYSTLE CU

WHAT MAKES TEETH STAIN?

Color molecules from foods and beverages accumulate on tooth surfaces (specifically, pellicle) and slowly penetrate within the microstructure (enamel, dentin) of your teeth.

HOW DO I REMOVE TEETH STAINS?

Brush. Bleach.

Extrinsic stains (within the pellicle layer) can be removed by brushing your teeth. The abrasive action of brushing removes bacteria and food debris that reflect color. Intrinsic stains – those within the the enamel and dentin - can be removed with oxidizing agents such as peroxides (bleach) or sodium bicarbonate.

IS PEROXIDE-BASED TEETH WHITENING SAFE?

Like hair dye, use in moderation.

Safety is an ongoing source of controversy and concern (for instance, think of the debate around GM foods!). While peroxide-based whitening is generally accepted as safe, adverse effects can occur with inappropriate application and use.

According to the ADA, on rare occasions, irreversible tooth damage has been reported. The ADA thus cautions that “not enough information is available to support unsupervised long-term and/or repeated use of bleaching products.”

DOES PEROXIDE-BASED TEETH WHITENING MAKE TEETH MORE POROUS OR WEAR DOWN THE ENAMEL?

Possible. Use in moderation.

Most studies have shown little or no changes on bleached enamel surfaces. However, two clinical cases were reported on significant enamel damage with the use of over-the-counter products. Others have suggested that hydrogen peroxide alters the structural and biochemical properties of hard and soft dental tissues. The effect varies with peroxide concentration, duration and frequency of peroxide use.

WHAT ARE COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF PEROXIDE-BASED TEETH WHITENING?

No pain no gain.

Temporary tooth sensitivity

Sensitivity is the most common side effect (often affecting ~50% of folks in studies). In the bleaching process, hydrogen peroxide breaks down into water, oxygen and free radicals. Molecules seep deep into your enamel and dentin, which contain nerve ends. Sensitivity is an indication of pulp irritation to all the stuff released in the bleaching process.

Temporary gum irritation

Gum irritation is another common side effect. If whitening gels are not applied properly (too much gum contact), you’ll get chemical burns on your gums. Irritation usually subsides within a few weeks.

ARE THERE WHITENING PRODUCTS THAT DO NOT CAUSE TOOTH SENSITIVITY?

Yes.

Sodium bicarbonate-based whitening products are a great alternative for those who are concerned about sensitivity. The active ingredient is your household baking soda. Sodium bicarbonate is an oxidizing agent like hydrogen peroxide, but it’s much less aggressive. It’s thus gentler on the teeth and gums. The whitening process takes longer, but you don’t have to worry about gum or tooth irritation.

DOES WHITENING MAKE TEETH MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO STAINING?

No. However, stains will accumulate post-whitening naturally as color molecules build up from food and drink consumption over time.

DO WHITENING PENS WORK?

With patience.

Whitening pens contain the same active ingredients as traditional whitening kits (tray and gel). Yes, they work! However, the process will take longer since your saliva flow will naturally wash away and break down the whitening agents.