Looking at an array of fish fillets in a local market, it's easy to see how you could accidently mix them up. It can be hard to tell the difference between species. Compare catfish and cod, for instance.

There is a new report from a seafood industry watchdog organization. It suggests that a slew of fish identification mix-ups is not accidental. The group has unearthed evidence of fraud. It says fraud is at almost every step of the supply chain. These actions could be putting critically endangered species at risk.

For years, the conservation group Oceana has had its eye on mislabeling in the seafood industry. Oceana released its report in early September. The group examined over 200 studies, news articles and government documents. They were related to mislabeling in the supply chain. This is how fish get from the dock to our dinner plates. The group found that an average of one in five fish was intentionally mislabeled at some point in the process. This is according to a report by Nicholas St. Fleur. He is with The New York Times.

"It is likely that the average consumer has eaten mislabeled fish for sure," Beth Lowell said to St. Fleur. She is Oceana's senior campaign director. She also is an author on the report. "You're getting ripped off. While you enjoyed your meal, you're paying a high price for a low fish."

In most cases, Oceana found that cheap, farmed fish, like Asian catfish, were substituted for more expensive fish. Those include perch and grouper. However, the study also suggests that in some cases, critically endangered fish are passed off as food. This was reported by Jani Actman for National Geographic. For example, the group looked at the largetooth sawfish. It is a species of ray. It is frequently sold as shark in Brazilian markets. And speckled hind often is mislabeled as grouper in the United States. The report even found one incident of a California sushi restaurant. It sold meat from endangered sei whales. It was called fatty tuna.

"That endangered seafood item is one fewer individual from that population that is struggling," Oceana senior scientist and study author Kimberly Warner tells Actman.

This doesn't mean that fishermen are necessarily targeting endangered species. For instance, the fish could end up in fishing nets as bycatch. It does, however, raise questions. How should the seafood industry be regulated? Oceana is now calling for the Obama administration to expand proposed rules. Oceana wants the government to require better traceability for caught fish at borders. The organization also is calling for seafood restaurants and supermarkets to demand more accountability from their suppliers. This is according to Ben DiPietro. He is a reporter for the Wall Street Journal.

But the findings don't have everyone in the seafood industry convinced that more regulation is the answer.

"If they were lobbying for more enforcement, we would be in lockstep," said Gavin Gibbons to Actman. Gibbons is a spokesperson for the National Fisheries Institute. It is a seafood industry trade group. "But they're saying drivers are running a stop sign. And it doesn't make sense to put up another stop sign. They're asking for more bureaucracy."

Gibbons says that Oceana's report is misleading. He argues that they only looked at studies that focused on fish that are frequently mislabeled. Lowell, however, says that the report took more than 25,000 fish samples from around the world into account.

"This report reveals that it's a global problem and it's not going to go away on its own," Lowell tells St. Fleur.

The United States government is set to issue new rules regarding fishing regulations. The new rules should be out by the end of the year.