APPRENTICESHIPS HALVED Industry Training Organisations are reporting that only half as many people are
doing apprenticeships as there were 10 years ago. The latest figures show that there are only a total
of 11,743 people in apprenticeships in the year to June. Mike Smith of the Engineers Union
and Chairman of the Engineering ITO says that the government sent the wrong message to
employers when they repealed the Apprenticeship Act three years ago. Employers decided not to take
on new apprenticeships because they thought the whole system was going to be scrapped.

Mike Smith says that it is still important for employers to be taking on apprenticeships,
and that young people should be aware that there was now a greater demand for skilled
jobs. Apprenticeships have been a traditional training ground for workers in the motor
vehicle, engineering, plumbing, panelbeating, and hairdressing trades. Management of the
apprenticeships in recent years has been passing from ETSA, the Education Training and
Support Agency, to the new regime of Industry Training Organisations.

THE REST OF LABOUR'S ECONOMIC STRATEGY The second half of the Labour Party's economic policy strategy has been announced.
The package, published in a document called "A Working Future", contains $1 billion in
spending including $200m on infrastructure projects such as roads, public transport and
sewerage schemes. It will be financed largely through budget surpluses, and a small increase in
taxation for the rich.

Labour revives the concept of a negotiated economy by proposing a $5m Strategy
New Zealand board comprising of government, worker and business representatives who will
draw up a 10-year economic strategy and set targets in areas such as wages policies. It will
spend another $20m to set up another organisation called Industry New Zealand to implement
their strategy goals. They will require all enterprises with more than 200 employees to provide
staff training, and want a more rationalised series of Industry Training Organisations with the
power to levy their member industries for funding. Other spending : A $20m venture capital
fund, $10m for "micro business" assistance, and $10m on promoting ecological sustainability
in industry.

Labour's new policies will put all employment-related government agencies (such as
NZ Employment, the Community Employment Group, the Careers Service and ETSA) into a
"one-stop shop" government department to be called Labour New Zealand. They propose that
no dole be paid to under 20-year olds, but that within three years they should all be in
education, employment or training. A new $25m community-based work scheme is planned to
establish community-based enterprises to employ the jobless. These would be set up by either central
or local government, a non-profit business or a joint venture of any of them. The
enterprises would be subsidised the equivalent of the dole for their workers, but required to pay
their "employees" the minimum wage.

Source - New Zealand Herald 8/10/94, Clark's plan for gain instead of pain by Audrey Young

'JOB ACTION' PROGRAMME CRITICISED Criticisms have emerged of the pilot Job Action Programmes being trialed in 24
centres by NZ Employment. The $6.5 million programme was the main employment initiative
announced in this year's Budget. It is compulsory for those out-of-work for two years or
more, and involves a one-week workshop to produce individual plans for getting jobs. In
Palmerston North, Jane Ballantyne of the Workers' Unemployed Rights Centre says that the programme
is a waste of taxpayers money and should be discontinued. One person on the Palmerston
North programme reported that the 5-minute "in depth" interview only told him he could lose
the benefit if he didn't do the course, and the one-week course was insulting and demeaning.
There has been no independent evaluation of the pilots.

VACANCIES FOR TRADE SKILLS IN CANTERBURY A survey by the Canterbury Manufacturers association last month showed that out of
a total of 151 vacancies for skilled trades, local employers were having difficulties filling
1409, or 93% of them. Employers are reporting similar instances of skill shortages throughout
the country. Anamika Vasil writes in the Dominion that shortages are most critical among
printers, fitters and turners, welders, clothing and furniture machinists, electricians and
sheet-metal workers. She reports that employers were also finding it difficult to hire general
manufacturing workers with the skills needed for modern production, including good communication skills.

Source- Dominion article by Animika Vasil

'ADDING VALUE' RECOMMENDED FOR FARM PRODUCTS Farmers need to look at more entrepreneurial ways of processing raw products in NZ.
Irish rural development consultant Agnes Gannon says that there are opportunities to create
more employment, and rebuild the strength of rural communities, if we were only more creative
with our abundant raw resources. She told the GATT and Agriculture conference in Wellington
that producing more of the same, as in growing more wool, does not make you an entrepreneur.
We need to look at the development of products based on these raw resources. "You are missing
the opportunities by shipping the wool off to Italy, and then buying it back as beautifully
finished garments with brand names..."

JOBS NEEDED, NOT JUST
INFLATION CONTROL -- BANKERS TOLD The Jackson Hole Symposium held in August in the USA was an international gathering
of bankers (including our own Don Brash) called to focus on current issues and policy options
for reducing unemployment. The economic policy emphasis in many countries, including New
Zealand, has been on controlling inflation. Assar Linbeck Director of the Institute for
International Economic Studies at Stockholm University told the Symposium that this is not sufficient :
"Wishful thinking and ideological hangups should not be allowed to prevent the broad package of
policy actions that is needed today to win the battle against high and persistent unemployment,"
Lawrence Katz of the U S Department of Labour agreed : "The experience of the 1980's shows
that macroeconomic expansions, new technologies, and expanded trade can leave many behind
when not accompanied by active measures to improve skills, assist re-employment and make work pay."

The Symposium considered several interesting approaches. A number of economists
have looked at the high level of unemployment together with the high level of benefit payments
in different countries and concluded that welfare schemes actually cause unemployment.
Their theory goes on to suggest that reducing benefits will therefore reduce unemployment.
Dale Mortensen, Economics Professor at the Northwestern University in Wyoming has done the
figures. He calculates that a 50% reduction in the average level of benefits would decrease
the unemployment rate by about 1.2% primarily by reducing the typical unemployed worker's
time required to find a job from 13 to 10.5 weeks. Mortensons's paper to the symposium didn't
comment on the increasing poverty that reducing benefit payments would bring.

ANGLICAN SOCIAL COMMISSIONER TO AUSTRALIA Richard Randerson has left the office of the Anglican Social Responsibility Commissioner
to take up a appointment as a Bishop in Australia. He has headed the commission since its
founding in 1990 and has been a clear advocate for alternatives on social and economic policies since
the benefit cuts of 1990. He has been known to describe the current government policies as
"evil", "immoral" and "idolatrous" in their support of money principles before the needs of people.
He says the Commission has reached the end of its first stage of work, which was to
encourage parishioners to lobby for social reforms.

NEW BOOK "The Spectre of Capitalism" (pub. Vintage, 1993) is a book by William Keegan, the
Economics Editor of the London "Observer". It is about the future of the world economy after the
fall of communism. "Short enough for busy world leaders to read ......I hope Bill Clinton reads it"
-- New Statesman.

OZ GRAD SALARIES DOWN Starting salaries in Australia for new Batchelor degree graduates have fallen to their
lowest level since the 1970's.

Source - New Zealand Herald 10/10/94 Starting pay levels slide

SHORTER WORKING WEEK The benefits of a shorter working week featured in a recent Listener article by Mary Holm.
In Germany, Volkswagen wanted to reduce staff numbers by 30%, or 30 thousand
workers. Instead, they reduced work hours by 20% and pay by 13%, and there were no layoffs.

'FULL PARTICIPATION' - ALLIANCE POLICY "Participating and Belonging", the Alliance policy submission to the Employment
Taskforce, offers a definition of full employment that is not traditional in its approach, and
encompasses social goals that are not usually recognised in economic debates. It defines full employment as
"... full participation in, and belonging to, society by all its members with an adequate income and
a rising standard of social well-being for all." The Alliance recommends further redefining
our concept of full employment to include : flexibility of work opportunities beyond the
traditional 40-hr week, a more equitable sharing of available work, paying for socially useful work that
is currently done unpaid, expanding the numbers of people employed in key service
occupations, and developing equal employment opportunities for disadvantaged groups.

CALL FOR US JOB CREATION The pressure for more active job creation measures continues in the United States. A
new Bill introduced to Congress would provide $30.6 billion for public works and a further
$11 billion for job training, head start, education and health care. This would create more than
900 thousand construction jobs and 430 thousand jobs for health and education workers according
to Marion Anderson, Director of Employment Research Associates in East Lansing, Michigan.
The Bill was introduced by four members of the Congressional Progressive Caucus and is the
second major job-creation bill pending in Congress. The money would come from imposing an 0.25%
tax on the sale of corporate and government bonds and stocks, raising capital gains taxes, and
other taxes on the wealthy.

Source - Internet

THE BRITISH CO-OP MOVEMENT TURNS 150 YEARS The co-operative movement celebrates being 150 years old this year with
world-wide commemorations of England's Rochdale Pioneers, the group of weavers who in 1844 started
their Co-operative store, laying down the original principles of co-operative enterprise. A special
New Society & Statesman Co-operative supplement has been produced to commemorate the
anniversary, and covers the history of the co-op movement and articles on worker, producer,
consumer co-ops, credit unions and green dollars. There are currently 700 million co-op businesses
worldwide, in more than 100 countries. The co-op stores are still Britain's largest single retailer,
although they have been losing market share to other retail chains for generations.

Colin Ward writes in the supplement that the co-op movement has had a long and
hard struggle but may yet offer a bright future. "Many of us in Britain, of the generation who
were children before World War II, grew up in a co-op centred culture without ever connecting it
with social and political convictions. Successive generations have had to re-discover
co-operative principles in every decade. What matters to me is that the principles of co-operation should
be seen as relevant to our successors. We need to seek out alternatives to capitalism, with its
continual aim of devaluing or eliminating labour, and state enterprise, which is dependent
on managerialism. The only known alternative is co-operation, and we have to find ways of making
it work in the 21st century..."

According to the Open University Co-operative Research Unit there are 1400 worker
co-operatives in Britain with a combined turnover of 300m pounds, and employing 8-9
thousand people. These worker co-operatives can be very successful ... "Paperback" is Britain's
largest supplier of recycled paper with a turnover of 2.8m pounds. It has 25 employees and doubled
its turnover every 12 months in the first five years of its business.

In the European Union there are 45 thousand co-ops employing around 750
thousand people. In Italy, nearly 100 businesses and 4 thousand jobs have been saved by 'phoenix co-ops'
in the last 9 months. These are worker co-operatives supported under Italy's Marcona Law
which gives state funding for co-operative developments particularly those aimed at failing businesses.

CAMPAIGN AGAINST CHILD LABOUR International lobby groups have started a campaign against the use of child labour in
the carpet industries of India and Nepal, and there have been calls in Europe and North America for
a consumer boycott of the hand-knotted carpet industry. Wools of New Zealand doesn't
support such a boycott because combined sales of NZ wool to India and Nepal make them our
second most important wool export destination. Says the quarterly magazine Wool Report : " ... it is
a fact of life, like on many NZ farms, that family labour is vital to keep much of the Indian
and Nepalese carpet-making ventures viable. "

Source - The Dominion 3/11/94 Child labour ban 'threat to wool trade'

VOICES" I feel there has been an erosion of the sense of commnity - that we have become a more
irresponsible society. There's not so much of a desire now to see ourselves as being responsible
for one another ... "
-- Rev Richard Randerson, outgoing Anglican Social Responsibility Commissioner, speaking
to Martin Kay in the Dominion.

"Either poverty must use democracy to destroy the power of property, or property in fear
of poverty will destroy democracy."
-- Colonel Thomas Rainsborough in the 'Putney Debates' during the English Civil War in 1647