..Multiple combinations of nutritional management, housing systems, treatment options as well as storage and disposal of animal wastes will be required to reduce environmental pollution and provide for long-term sustainable growth...

Tetracycline residues and tetracycline resistance genes in groundwater impacted by swine production facilities

..This study demonstrated that tet genes occur in the environment as a direct result of agriculture and suggested that groundwater may be a potential source of antibiotic resistance in the food chain...

Development, validation, and application of PCR primers for detection of tetracycline efflux genes of gram-negative bacteria

..Novel sequence clusters and unique indigenous resistance gene pools were also found in the groundwater. Thus, antibiotic resistance genes in groundwater are affected by swine manure, but they are also part of the indigenous gene pool...

Molecular ecological analysis of dietary and antibiotic-induced alterations of the mouse intestinal microbiota

..Considerations of gene origins in history (i.e., phylogeny) and gene distributions in the landscape provide a useful "molecular ecology" framework for studying environmental spread of antibiotic resistance...

Anaerobic codigestion of municipal solid waste and biosolids under various mixing conditions--II: Microbial population dynamics

..Based on the results presented here, mixing appears to inhibit the syntrophic oxidation of volatile fatty acids, possibly by disrupting the spatial juxtaposition of syntrophic bacteria and their methanogenic partners...

..Methanogenic status of mammals is suggested to be under evolutionary rather than dietary control. However, information is lacking regarding the dynamics of hydrogenotrophic microbial communities among different primate species...

Functional diversity of four glycoside hydrolase family 3 enzymes from the rumen bacterium Prevotella bryantii B14

..These analyses showed that in GH43 members with a XX domain, the two modules have coevolved and that the length of a loop within the XX domain may serve as an important determinant of substrate specificity...

Mutational insights into the roles of amino acid residues in ligand binding for two closely related family 16 carbohydrate binding modules

..These results provide detailed molecular insights into ligand recognition and yield a framework for rational engineering experiments designed to expand the natural repertoire of these targeting modules...

Molecular ecological analysis of the gastrointestinal microbiota: a review

..Importantly, enzyme activity was only slightly inhibited by 75-100 mM galactose, an end product of hydrolysis. Enzyme activity was specific for the alpha-1,6-galactosyl bond, and activity was demonstrated on melibiose and soy molasses...

Biochemical analysis of a beta-D-xylosidase and a bifunctional xylanase-ferulic acid esterase from a xylanolytic gene cluster in Prevotella ruminicola 23

..Lastly, we will discuss how newer technologies such as genomic and metagenomic approaches can be used to improve our knowledge of the functional genomic framework of plant cell wall degradation in the rumen...