Quality of life

inner suburbs: as move out of CBD, housing gets more modern/expensive and larger which attracts higher income families with more skilled jobs - larger concentration of young married couples, retired elderly couples and families with children - Margam and Pentyla

different people live in different areas due to their income - if you have more money, you can afford to live in a luxurious/expensive house e.g. Eglwys Nunydd, if you can't, then live in city area e.g. Aberavon

some can't drive/afford a car so they choose the CBD for convenience

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Service

McArthur Glen Retail Park

between Cardiff and Swansea, junction 36 of the M4, brownfield site, near villages of Sarn and Litchard, 2 miles north of Bridgend town centre

reasons why located there: large area of flat land, very accessible (M4), space for car parking, close to urban centres of Cardiff and Swansea, large supply of customers and labour in Bridgend (50,000), not close to out-of-town retail parks so there's less competition, brownfield site so services already available e.g. gas, water, electricity

positive for: local residents, school leavers, unemployed, day trippers from outside area, local residents

negative for: local residents, town centre economy, town centre traders, commuters hitting congestion in the area

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Planning issue

Cardiff Bay

south east Wales, 15 miles west of Newport, redevelopment of Cardiff docklands into Cardiff Bay, located in southern part of capital city, shoreline of Bristol Channel

positive: created entertainment for tourists and local residents, good for city of Cardiff as the area has been regenerated

negative: local residents on low incomes can't access facilities as they are too expensive - they feel that they weren't consulted in the redevelopment process, RSPB opposed barrage as habitats disappeared

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Self-help housing

Sao Paulo

Brazillian city of Sao Paulo, south east Brazil in South America

scheme: people living in favelas (slums) on outskirts of city had improvement in housing quality - city authorities and the local government made 'self-help' schemes

impacts on Mexico: provides Mexicans with hopes and dreams, often the young migrate leaving the elderly so the economy suffers as there is less people to work, some people send money back to families improving their quality of life

impacts on USA: boosts US economy as migrants are prepared to work longer hours for lower pay - business profit, influx of different ethnic groups (beliefs, religions, cultures) which can cause racial conflict and violence/criminality

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Rural to urban migration

LEDC

rural to urban migration in north east Brazil - people pushed away from drought area known as the 'Caatinga' and being pulled to the big cities inthe south east

people moving as being forced/ pushed from harsh climate which causes long term drought - water scarce, crops fail, starving, illness, high infant mortality and death rate

impacts: young men and women leaving the area in search of a better quality of life in city areas so the area has less young, fit, healthy people to farm the land and run the house so families struggle even more - sometimes they send money back to families in the countryside improving their quality of life

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Sustainable city

Curitiba

city located in the State of Parana, south east of Brazil, south of Sao Paulo and Rio De Janeiro

integrated bus system: express bus routes, tube shaped bus stations protect from weather and allow rapid entry and exit of buses, buses can carry 270 passengers, more people using public transport means less cars used and so less pollution

green exchange: over production in agricultural greenbelt is not sustainable and a waste of resources - more socially deprived areas of the city benefit from the over production - they can't afford healthy fruit and vegetables so they exchange their unwanted items/recyclable trash for food - this works well as no food is wasted and there is no illegal dumping of items so it's a win win situation

garbage and recycling scheme: recycling teams collect organic and non-organic waste from the kerbside which residents sort out their waste first before putting in on the kerbside - the waste goes to the recycling plant

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Visitor pressure

Snowdonia

Snowdonia National Park situated on the west coast of Britain, covers 823 square miles, living working area home to over 26,000 people, largest national park in Wales, highest mountain in Wales, Snowdonia steeped in culture and local history

positive impacts: jobs for local people, income for the local economy, increased demand for local food/crafts, helps to preserve local rural services e.g. post offices, pressure to conserve wildlife and habitats

negative impacts: damage to landscape (litter, fire, erosion), traffic congestion, demand for more hotels and shops, local goods made expensive as tourists are willing to pay more, pollution