WASHINGTON  The number of people who were victims of all violent crimes except murder fell by 9% in 2001, sending the crime rate to its lowest level since it was first tracked in 1973, the government reported Sunday. The decline was due primarily to a record low number of reported assaults, the most common form of violent crime.

The drop is detailed in the 2001 National Crime Victimization Survey, which is based on interviews with victims and thus does not include murder. The Bureau of Justice Statistics report was obtained Sunday by The Associated Press in advance of its release this week.

Preliminary figures from another FBI report — gleaned from more than 17,000 city, county and state law enforcement agencies and released in June — reflected an increase in murders of 3.1% in 2001.

Experts discussing the new report on violent crime said the decrease, part of a decade-long trend, is the result primarily of the strong economy in the 1990s and the prevalence of tougher sentencing laws.

"Despite our perceptions, based on television or chats around the water-cooler, it is clear crime is on the decline in a significant way and has been for some years now," said Ralph Myers, a criminologist at Stanford University.

"When people have jobs and poor neighborhoods improve, crime goes down," Myers said. "Crime also has been impacted by the implementation of tough sentencing laws at the end of the 1980s."

Since 1993, the violent crime rate has decreased by almost 50%.

The new report says that between 2000 and 2001, the number of people who reported they were victims of violent crime fell from about 28 per 1,000 to about 25 per 1,000, a 10% drop. The number of people reporting violent crimes fell from 6,323,000 in 2000 to 5,744,000 in 2001.

Only about half of the violent crimes reported in the survey were reported to police.

The report showed a 10% decrease in the violent crime rate for whites. It also included an 11.6% decrease for blacks and a 3.9% increase for Hispanics, but the report gave neither of those figures the highest grade of confidence because of analytical formulas that suggest they could be flawed.

Assault was down 10%, but victim reports reflected a 13% increase in injuries.

The effect of tougher sentencing laws can best be seen in the drop in the rate at which people in the United States are assaulted, said Bruce Fenmore, a criminal statistician at the Institute for Crime and Punishment, a Chicago-based think tank.

"There is overwhelming evidence that people who commit assaults do it as a general course of their affairs," Fenmore said. "Putting those people behind bars drops the rate."

The rate at which criminals used guns to accomplish their crimes held steady, about 26%.

Victims of rape and assault were the least likely (7%) to face an armed offender, while robbery victims were the most likely (55%).

Rape fell 8%, and sexual assaults — which include verbal threats and fondling — fell 20%. About half the women who reported rapes said the perpetrator was a friend or acquaintance. The rate at which women reported rape to the police fell 19% in 2001.

The overall property crime rate fell 6% between 2000 and 2001 because of a 6.3% decrease in theft and a 9.7% decrease in household burglaries.

The car theft rate was up 7%, reflecting a jump from 937,000 car thefts in 2000 to 1,009,000 in 2001.

Teenagers seemed less likely to be victims of violent crime. The crime rate against those between ages 16 and 19 fell 13.2%.

Crime also fell in each of the regions of the United States but showed the most dramatic decline, 19.7%, in the Midwest.

The decline also was felt in urban, suburban and rural areas. The rate of violence experienced by suburbanites fell 14%. In urban and rural areas, the rate fell 5.4% and 10.6%, respectively.

The preliminary summary of the report did not include a state-by-state breakdown.

Crime trends related to personal income also shifted.

Americans making less than $7,500 a year experienced a drop in the violent crime rate of about 23%. Those making $75,000 or more saw a 17% decrease. Most in between saw little change.