Genomes and Genes

Species

cosmic radiation

Summary

Summary: High-energy radiation or particles from extraterrestrial space that strike the earth, its atmosphere, or spacecraft and may create secondary radiation as a result of collisions with the atmosphere or spacecraft.

..This paper provides a brief overview of existing pertinent clinical and biological radiation data and the limitations associated with data available from specific components of the radiation fields in airflight and space travel...

Two Bonner sphere spectrometers (BSSs) have recently been installed to measure secondary neutrons from cosmic radiation continuously, one at the environmental research station 'Schneefernerhaus' at an altitude of 2650 m in Germany and the ..

G P HammerUniversity of Bielefeld, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, GermanyRadiat Environ Biophys 39:227-31. 2000

..97. The precision attainable in the exposure assessment is higher than in many other epidemiological studies but can be refined further with simulation studies and comparison with ongoing and future on-board measurement programmes...

Description of light ion production cross sections and fluxes on the Mars surface using the QMSFRG model

..appeared significantly increased in comparison with controls and was associated with cumulative exposure to cosmic radiation. Frequencies of peripheral lymphocyte chromosome aberrations, micronuclei and hprt mutations appeared also to ..

..These preliminary data demonstrate that flight on a stratospheric balloon might affect antioxidant metabolism, though it is not yet possible to correlate these results with low radiation exposure during flight...

Because of the lack of recorded flight history for cabin crew, a retrospective assessment of exposure to cosmic radiation is complicated. Our aim was to develop an assessment method for occupational exposure based on flight timetables.

..Qualitative analyses of these distributions provide insights into DNA damage processing kinetics for high charge and energy (HZE) ions, including evidence of increased clustering of DNA damage and slower processing with increasing LET...

In vivo space radiation-induced non-targeted responses: late effects on molecular signaling in mitochondria

Mohit R JainDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, Newark, NJ 07103, USACurr Mol Pharmacol 4:106-14. 2011

..They further demonstrate that 'network analyses' is an effective tool towards characterizing the signaling pathways that mediate the long-term biological effects of space radiation...

..In 2000, the European Union had gone ahead with legislation which requires all European airlines to monitor cosmic radiation levels during flight and to inform aircrew of the possible health risks...

Cosmic radiation and cancer mortality among airline pilots: results from a European cohort study (ESCAPE)

..1 (SAA). Separate LET spectra and temporal variations of the absorbed dose rates and of the mean quality factors are presented for these two radiation components as well as for solar energetic particles of the November 6, 1997 event...

Investigation of dose and flux dynamics in the Liulin-5 dosimeter of the tissue-equivalent phantom onboard the Russian segment of the International Space Station

..reduced gravity (on the Moon) and abrupt gravity changes (during launch and landing), of the effects of cosmic radiation including solar particle events, of psychological issues as well as general health care...

..6 +/- 0.5 degrees N. These measurements are of direct applicability to the International Space Station. This paper represents a comprehensive review of Mir Space Station radiation data available from a variety of sources...

Analysis of the neutron component at high altitude mountains using active and passive measurement devices

..The total dose equivalent rate determined by the HTR-method was 210 +/- 15 nSv/h. The results are in good agreement with LET-spectrometer and Sievert counter measurements carried out simultaneously...

..At the same time the growth of micromicets on the samples of various materials was studied. The description of the "SCORPION" experiment and the preliminary results obtained onboard the RS ISS in 2002 are presented...

[Anthropogenic sources of radiation hazard in the near-Earth space]

G A FedoseevAviakosm Ekolog Med 38:3-14. 2004

..Specifically, consideration is given to the facts of negative effects of space power reactor facilities on results of orbital astrophysical investigations...

..In order to overcome problems with detector saturation after standard chemical processing, measurement of LET spectrum in the least shielded CR-39 PNTD layer (0.005 g/cm2 Al) was carried out using an atomic force microscope...

..This data also provides information about the dose and the quality factor of the radiation to which the cosmonauts were exposed during different missions. These data are compared with measurements obtained using a solid state detector...

..In space. exposure to radiation generally includes all of the critical organs. Biological and toxicological impacts have been included for discussion along with alternative risk mitigation methods--shielding and anti-carcinogens...

..Methods for optimization of spacecraft shielding and the associated role of materials selection are discussed. One material which may prove to be an important radiation protection material is hydrogenated carbon nanofibers...

..A dedicated computer code was written and applied to solar particle events and to the mission to Mars. The results suggest that altered myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in microgravity might increase human radiosensitivity in space...

..These position-specific results are compared with the average values usually used for radiation protection purposes. Various thicknesses of aluminum shielding, representative of nominal spacecraft, are used in the analyses...

..Particle transport has been performed with the HZETRN heavy ion code for hadrons and with an in-house developed transport code for electrons and bremsstrahlung photons. The obtained doses have been compared to dose exposure limits...

Austrian dose measurements onboard space station MIR and the International Space Station--overview and comparison

..The Austrian dosimeter sets for this first exposure on the ISS contained five different kinds of passive thermoluminescent dosimeters. First results showed a position dependent absorbed dose rate at the ISS...

..Total dosimetry characteristics obtained in this way are in reasonable agreement with other data, neutron contribution representing approximately 40% of the total dose equivalent for the flight duration outside of the SAA...

..Peculiarities of the impact of permanent radiation sources (galactic cosmic rays and trapped radiation) and the variable one (solar cosmic rays) are taken into consideration...

Instrumentation for investigation of the depth-dose distribution by the Liulin-5 instrument of a human phantom on the Russian segment of ISS for estimation of the radiation risk during long term space flights

..spectra, flux and dose rates for protons and the biologically-relevant heavy ion components of the galactic cosmic radiation will be measured simultaneously with near real time resolution at different depths of the phantom by a ..

..Design scenarios are then evaluated for these missions. The underlying assumptions in arriving at the model environments and their impact on mission exposures within various shield materials will be discussed...

..In order to understand the exact RBE and any interaction with microgravity, the ISS centrifugation system will be a critical tool, and it is hoped that this system will be in operation as soon as possible...

..This report comprises some selected results of recent manned missions and indicates where improvements should be achieved and closes with the description of future measurements planned onboard the International Space Station (ISS)...

Radiation shielding of astronauts in interplanetary flights: the CREAM surveyor to Mars and the magnetic lens system for a spaceship

..information on the biological damage produced by the bombardment of heavy high-energy (HZE) particles of cosmic radiation during spaceflight. Such data are required for estimating radiation hazards in manned spaceflight...

Comparison of natural background dose rates for residents of the Amargosa Valley, NV, to those in Leadville, CO, and the states of Colorado and Nevada

..community was selected for comparison because of its altitude (3,200 m) and accompanying relatively high cosmic radiation dose rate, and the fact the size of its population is comparable to that of the Amargosa Valley...

The effect of acute dose charge particle radiation on expression of DNA repair genes in mice

..In this study, spores of B. subtilis were used to study the effects of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) on spore survival and induced mutagenesis...

Monitoring antioxidant defenses and free radical production in space-flight, aviation and railway engine operators, for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress, immunological impairment, and pre-mature cell aging

In the course of their work, aircraft crew and frequent flyers are exposed to elevated levels of cosmic radiation of galactic and solar origin and secondary radiation produced in the atmosphere, aircraft structure, etc...

Spaceflight represents a complex environmental condition in which several interacting factors such as cosmic radiation, microgravity and space magnetic fields are involved, which may provoke stress responses and jeopardize genome ..

..This spectrometer has provided the first high statistics data set for galactic cosmic radiation protons, and helium, as well as limited spectral data on carbon and oxygen nuclei in the International Space ..

[Comparative analysis of alfalfa seeds between space flight mutation and its control by Raman spectroscopy]

..and fatty acid may be explained by the consumption both during the repair process of DNA damage induced by cosmic radiation and during the germination of seeds because the dormancy of alfalfa seeds had been broken up by space flight ..

Induction and repair of DNA strand breaks in bovine lens epithelial cells after high LET irradiation

Research Grants13

..insults, arising from both endogenous metabolic processes and exogenous sources such as ultraviolet or cosmic radiation. Misrepair of these lesions results in mutations which lead to the development of cancer...

..The target audiences will be radiologists, pediatricians, family physicians, and the CT industry. We will use telephone interviews supplemented with survey questions, to aid in web content decisions. ..