Abstract:
Since the industrial revolution began in the middle of the nineteenth century, the world's needs for energy have been increasing strongly year by year. The scientific revolution contributed to find several sources of energy like nuclear power, but most consumption has been depending on one source of energy - fossil fuels. Using fossil fuels as a source of energy has been causing serious problems like pollution and global warming. Not to mention, global warming is the worst problem of using fossil fuels in the long term. It occurs because of green house gases, which are pumped into the atmosphere by manufacturers, transportation, etc. Green house gases absorb and retain thermal radiation, which may contribute to natural disasters such as droughts and floods. As a result, scientists and activists around the world are looking for other sources of energy, which can be safe and clean. There are some natural sources of energy which come at lower cost in long run, including solar, wind, and sea waves. Scientists and engineers are actively developing technologies to utilize these sources of clean energy, including more efficient solar cells and wind turbines. Every country in the world has its suitable renewable energy. Renewable energies may become the technological revolution of the twenty-first century.

Abstract:
Metrology provides a description of both the practical and theoretical aspects of science measurements, and therefore, it is fundamental in the areas of validation, verification and enforcement of the specific standards that determine precision, traceability, reliability and accuracy. There are two significant components of metrology: traceability and the International System of Units (SI); both of them are important in the area of calibration. One of the objectives of measurement devices within the calibration process is to improve the accuracy and correctness of experimental values related to electricity, thermal energy, and volume; all of which are economically important. On the theoretical perspective, metrology improves data validation derived from different equipment within a test. Metrology plays an important role in providing reliability and confidence in areas that require measurements, and it is required to provide the trust and confidence in measurements needed to fulfill production requirements and mandatory standards.