Conservation of soil resources is an important aspect of maintaining forest productivity. Water quality is a major contributor to biodiversity. Protection of soil and water resources connect through the hydrological cycle and nutrient cycles.

Soil disturbance and compaction may lower site productivity and influence the movement of water through soil. Poorly planned harvests can allow soil and nutrient movement into streams and lakes. Best management practices (BMPs) include planning, timing and execution of forest operations to minimize soil disturbance and compaction.

Non-point source (NPS) pollution describes pollution that comes from diffuse landscape activities like forestry and agricultural operations. Typical forms of NPS pollution on forest operations include sediment and nutrients from erosion, pesticide runoff, temperature, organic matter, and trash. Pollution degrades habitat and impacts water use. BMPs provide effective and practical recommendations for minimizing pollution. BMPs describe how to avoid pollution and to mitigate or repair damage caused during the operations.

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