Monday, February 08, 2016

Why Abdullah chose Jews as his bodyguards

The three fierce -looking bodyguards standing behind King Abdullah of Jordan are - believe it or not - Jews. But you thought that as dhimmis, Jews in the Muslim world were not allowed to carry weapons. You would be right - but these young men are from the Habbani tribe in Yemen - and they were among very few Jews not only allowed to carry the Jambiya, but prized for their qualities as warriors. Why did king Abdullah choose Jews to guard him? Because they could be trusted, as their whole tribe would be held hostage to their good behaviour. (With thanks: Torbjorn)

From Wikipedia:

Habbani Jews were described as taller, more muscular, and darker than their Muslim neighbors. The men did not sport peyot
like other Yemeni Jews, and, rather than covering their heads, wore an
oiled thong through their characteristically long hair. They plucked
their mustaches, distinct from other Jews, but similar to neighboring
Muslims. They wore a blue prayer shawl over one shoulder, or walked bare
chested, smearing their torsos with sesame oil and indigo. A course
calico loincloth, died indigo, covered their bottom, and they typically
walked barefoot or with sandals. The women wore their hair in tiny
braids, and wore loose-fitting embroidered dresses.[38]

Unlike the Jews of northern Yemen, the Habbani Jews wore a Jambiya
or curved knife, Matznaph (turban) and Avne`t (sash). It was very
uncommon for Jews in Yemen, outside of Habban, to wear the Jambiya.[39]

Sultans in Arabia employed Habbani Jews as soldiers in their armies or as personal guards.[40] Habbani Jews sometimes served as mercenaries; Abdullah I of Jordan, who preferred Circassians and other non-Arab bodyguards, had a number of Habbani Jewish guardsmen, including Sayeed Sofer, and his brothers Salaah and Saadia. (...)

The Habbani Jews (Hebrew: חַבָּאנִים, Standard: Ḥabbanim) are a Jewish tribal group of Yemenite Jews from the Habban region in eastern Yemen (in modern Shabwah Governorate).
The city of Habban had a Jewish community of 450 in 1947, which was
considered to possibly be the remains of a larger community which lived
in independently in the region before its decline in the 6th century.
The Jewish community of Habban disappeared from the map of the Hadramut,
in southeast Yemen, with the emigration of all of its members to Israel
in the 1950s.

In 1912 Zionist emissary Shmuel Yavne'eli came into contact with Habbani Jews who ransomed him when he was captured and robbed by eight Bedouin in southern Yemen. Yavnieli wrote about the Jews of Habban describing them in the following way.

The Jews in these parts are held in high esteem by everyone in
Yemen and Aden. They are said to be courageous, always with their
weapons and wild long hair, and the names of their towns are mentioned
by the Jews of Yemen with great admiration.[22]

Yavne'eli further described the community structure by stating that
the Zecharyah clan were the first of the Habbani Jewish clans and that
they were local merchants of silver, leather pelts, and cobbling. He
further noted that meat was only eaten on the Shabbat and even coffee
was considered a luxury.[23]
According to Rabbi Yoseph Maghori-Kohen:

The Habbanis were mighty heroes. I heard a lot from elders in my
youth about the Habbanis, about their wars, how they would fight
‘according to names’. What does it mean ‘according to names’? –the
letters: They would make the shape of the [Hebrew] letters with their
hands, and by this they would be victorious. Also the Shar`abim–from the
city of Shar`ab–were strong, but not to the same degree as the
Habbanis. Once in Yemen there was a wild tribe of murderous Arab
warriors that conquered town after town, slaughtering whomever they
found. Thus they moved forward from settlement to settlement: killing,
destroying–may their names by blotted out–until they approached a city
of Jews, 13,000 Jews roughly. Everyone felt hopeless-even the Arabs
among them put up their hands, searching for a place to escape. Suddenly
ten [Jewish] Habbanis arrived and waged war with them–ten against a
thousand–and vanquished all of them. Not even one of those warriors was
left alive, and not one of the ten fell.[24]

Yavne'eli indicated that in 1911 there were only 60 Jewish families
left in Habban. Bin Ibrahim Habbani, who was born in Habban and
emigrated to Israel in 1945, indicated there were 700 Jews in
Hadhramaut, 450 of which were in Habban.[25]

Habbani Jews were extremely reluctant to migrate to Israel, citing their good relations with their neighbors.[26]
In 1945, a Habbani Jew claimed to be the Messiah, gathering both a
Jewish and Muslim following from Hadhramaut and made his way to Beihar.
He became known for his pomp and extravagance, decorating his horse's
saddle with gold and silver. Following a large battle where the alleged
Messiah and his followers were vanquished, tensions between some of the
Muslim rulers and the Jewish communities were accentuated.[27] Some Habbani Jews blamed activities and letters by the Jewish Agency for aggravating tensions further.[28]

After 1948, small numbers of Habbani Jews made their way to Aden, sometimes fighting hostile Arab tribes along the way. From there they were airlifted en masse to Israel as part of Operation Flying Carpet.

The vanguard of the Habbani Jews was led by Zecharyah Habbani who
kept after the officials in charge of immigration to accelerate the
transfer of the Jews from the Hadramaut to the Land of Israel. They are
in dere distress," he reported. "They are suffering from hunger and from
the edicts of Hussein Abdallah of Habban and his sons. They are also in
debt to the Moslems, who charge them exorbiant rates of interest." The
Jewish Agency took action, and few families left the Hadramaut.[29] After 1948, small numbers of Habbani Jews made their way to Aden, sometimes fighting hostile Arab tribes along the way. From there they were airlifted en masse to Israel as part of Operation Flying Carpet.

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Introduction

In just 50 years, almost a million Jews, whose communities stretch back up to 3,000 years, have been 'ethnically cleansed' from 10 Arab countries. These refugees outnumber the Palestinian refugees two to one, but their narrative has all but been ignored. Unlike Palestinian refugees, they fled not war, but systematic persecution. Seen in this light, Israel, where some 50 percent of the Jewish population descend from these refugees and are now full citizens, is the legitimate expression of the self-determination of an oppressed indigenous, Middle Eastern people.This website is dedicated to preserving the memory of the near-extinct Jewish communities, which can never return to what and where they once were - even if they wanted to. It will attempt to pass on the stories of the Jewish refugees and their current struggle for recognition and restitution. Awareness of the injustice done to these Jews can only advance the cause of peace and reconciliation.(Iran: once an ally of Israel, the Islamic Republic of Iran is now an implacable enemy and numbers of Iranian Jews have fallen drastically from 80,000 to 20,000 since the 1979 Islamic revolution. Their plight - and that of all other communities threatened by Islamism - does therefore fall within the scope of this blog.)