A fibre forming polyamide having improved basic dye affinity and reduced acid dye affinity is described. A process for producing such polyamide is also described and consists of producing a polymer having certain benzene sulphonate units occurring in the polymer and then blending such polymer with normal...http://www.google.es/patents/US3846507?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatente US3846507 - Polyamide blends with one polyamide containing phthalate sulfonate moieties and terphthalate on isophthalate residues

Polyamide blends with one polyamide containing phthalate sulfonate moieties and terphthalate on isophthalate residuesUS 3846507 A

Resumen

A fibre forming polyamide having improved basic dye affinity and reduced acid dye affinity is described. A process for producing such polyamide is also described and consists of producing a polymer having certain benzene sulphonate units occurring in the polymer and then blending such polymer with normal polyamide to improve the dyeing characteristics thereof.

process for producing such polyamide is also described and consistsof producing a polymer having certain benzene sulphonate units occurring in the polymer and then blending such polymer with normal polyamide to improve the dyeing characteristics thereof.

8 Claims, No Drawings POLYAMIDE BLENDS WITH ONE POLYAMIDE CONTAINING PHTHALATE SULFONATE MOIETIES AND TERPHTHALATE ON ISOPHTHALATE RESIDUES This invention relates to a process for producing fibre forming polyamides having improved basic dye affinity and to reduce the acid dye affinity thereof. More particularly, it relates to a process for producing fibre forming polyamides having certain benzene sulfonate units recurring in the polymer whereby the polymer can be blended with normal polyamides to improve the basic dye receptivity thereof and reduce the acid dye receptivity thereof.

It is disclosed in the prior art that certain polyamides having benzene sulfonate units can be prepared which have improved basic dye receptivity thereof.

It is disclosed in the prior art that certain polyamides having benzene sulfonate units can be prepared whichhave improved basic dye receptivity. For example, US. Pat. No. 3,039,990 of Huffman discloses the preparation of certain interpolyamides by reacting a first polyamide forming composition selected from (a) polymerizable monoaminomonocarboxylic acid and (b) dibasic carboxylic acid and a diamine with a second polyamide forming composition consisting of a sulfonated aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound and a diamine. Examples of such sulfonated aromatic compounds are sodium benzenedicarboxylic acid sulphonates. Such interpolymers were found to have improved basic dye receptivity. It was essential however according to the teachings of this patent that in order to achieve the desired dyeing properties a novel interpolymer had to be constructed. It was not possible according to the teachings of this patent that normal polyamide could be modified to improve its basic dyeing characteristics.

In accordance with the teachings of David in US. Pat. No. 3,389,549 polyamide having improved basic dye receptivity is obtained by producing a polymer having recurring units of certain benzenedicarboxylic acid sulphonates in the polymer. David considered it essential however that the number of amine gm. equivalents per grams of polymer not exceed 30 to avoid excessive acid dye staining. The applicants found that fibre forming polyamides having from 20 to 100 sulphonate gm. equivalents per 10 grams of total polyamide and from 35 to 80 amine gm. equivalents per 10 grams of total polyamide can give effective results. Furthennore the David'patent does not teach that normal polyamide can be modified to improve its basic dye receptivity and reduce its acid dye receptivity by melt blending with the modified nylon of the reference.

In US. Pat. No. 3,184,436 of Magat, a fibre forming polyamide is prescribed having recurring units of certain benzenedicarboxylic acid sulphonates. The teaching of this reference is similar to that disclosed in the Huffman reference described above in that the improved dyeing characteristics can only be obtained by producing a modified polyamide. It is not disclosed in this reference that normal polyamide can be modified to alter its dyeing characteristics through melt blending once the polyamide is formed.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a process for producing fibre-forming polyamides having improved basic dye receptivity and reduced acid dye receptivity by blending and extruding certain polyamide intermediates with norrnal polyamides.

It is another object of this invention to produce certain novel fibre-forming polyamides having. improved basic dye receptivity and reduced acid dye receptivity.

The applicants have found that by producing a novel fibre-forming polyamide consisting of a polyamide having from 10 mole percent to 50 mole percent based on the total recurring unitsof the polyamide, of recurring units of the structure:

wherein X is Li, Na, K, or NH; and wherein the groups are not ortho relative to each other blended with normal fibre-forming polyamide in an amount sufficient to provide a fibre-forming polyamide having from 20 to sulphonate gm. equivalents per 10 grams of total polyamide, said novel fibre-forming polyamide has improved basic dye receptivity and reduced acid dye receptivity.

The polyamide having from 10 to 50 mole percent of recurring units of the above mentioned structure Formula I which is called the polyamide intermediatein this application may be prepared in several ways. One method is to polymerize in the melt (A) a compound such as sodium 3,5-benzenedicarboxylic acid sulphonate with (B) isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid or their polyamide forming derivatives in an amount of from 1.0 mole to 9.0 moles per mole of compound (A), and (C) a diamine having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as hexamethylene diamine, in an amount equal to the mole equivalent of compound (A) plus compound (B).

An alternative method of preparing the polyamide intermediate is to polymerize in the melt (A) a compound such as sodium 3,5-benzenedicarboxylic acid sulphonate with (B) isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid or their polyamide forming derivatives and (C) a compound selected from monoaminomonocarboxylic acid, an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms or a polyamide forming derivative of said aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, the amount of compound (B) plus (C) being from 1.0 mole to 9.0 moles per mole of compound (A), with at least 0.25 moles being compound (B), and (D) a diamine having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms such as hexamethylene diamine in an amount equal to the mole equivalent of compound (A) plus compound (B), and plus compound (C) when (C) is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or its polyamide forming derivative.

It has been found that isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid or their polyamide-forming derivatives are necessary to produce a polyamide intermediate which when blended with normal polyamide produces a polyamide having good fibre forming properties from a commercial point of view. While a polyamide intermediate of the above-mentioned compositions can be produced without isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid or their (Formula I) I polyamide forming derivatives that has some fibre forming properties, such as being capable of producing whiskers when a molten sample is touched with a rod, such product is not capable of being extruded under normal process conditions to a commercially desirable product.

The polyamide intermediate is then blended and extruded with normal polyamide in a sufficient amount to produce a total polyamide blend having from 20 to 100 sulphonate gm. equivalents per grams of total polyamide. The blending can be carried out in a standard commercial mixer such as a Banbury and the molten blend subsequently extruded to form the fibre. The polyamide intermediate and the normal polyamide may be blended in the extruder itself by injecting the molten intermediate into the body of the extruder at a point wherein molten normal polyamide is being delivered through the extruder by the screw. By injecting at a point such as the transitional stage of a screw extruder, the intermediate and the normal polyamide can be thoroughly blended before the point of extrusion.

By the term normal polyamide is meant an unmodified polyamide which is known in the art, for example, nylon 6(polyepsilon caprolactam) or nylon 6/6 (polyhexamethylene adipamide).

EXAMPLE 1 226 gm. of epsilon-caprolactam and l 16 gm. of hexamethylene diamine were melted in the presence of 25 gm. of water for two hours in a glass reactor equipped with a nitrogen purge, a stirrer and a reflux condenser. Then a quantity of 268 gm. of sodium 3,5- benzenedicarboxylic acid sulfonate was introduced to the reactor and the mixture was refluxed for 5 hours with continued nitrogen purgingand stirring. The temperature of the reactor was gradually raised to 475F to distill off water and the temperature was kept'at 475F- for 4 hours. A viscous polymer resulted. After cooling the resulting polymer was broken up into small chips.

6 parts of the chips were blended with 100 parts of regular nylon 6 chips and the blend was melt-extruded under normal nylon 6 extrusion condition into 23- filament yarns. These yarns were very beady and uneven. Unmodified nylon 6 yarns were smooth.

EXAMPLE 2 5.5 hours. A viscous polymer resulted. After cooling, I

the resulting polymer was broken up into small chips. 6 parts of these chips were blended with 100 parts of filament yarns. These yarns were very smooth. They contain 69 gram equivalents of the sulphonate per 10 grams of polymer. They were dyed for 45 minutes at boiling temperature with 0.5 wt. percent of the basic dyestuff C.I. basic red 17 in water solution buffered at a pH of 6.5. Very deep red colour on the yarns was obtained. Unmodified nylon 6 yarns dyed similarly with the basic dyestuff attained only a very light shade. When the modified yarns were dyed for 45 minutes at boiling temperature with 0.5 wt percent of the acid dyestuff C.I. acid blue 54 in water solution buffered at pH 6.5, only slight staining on the yarn was observed. When the unmodified yarns were simiarly dyed with the acid dyestuff, much heavier dye up-take was observed.

Chemical analysis of the modified and unmodified yarns showed the following:

No. of end groups I (gm. eq./10 gm. sample) Amino Modified 47 Unmodified 40 Even though there was an increase in amino end groups in the modified yarns, their acid dyeability was subdued.

EXAMPLE 3 116 gm. of isophthalic acid and 268 gm. of sodium 3,5-benzenedicarboxylic acid sulfonate were dispersed in 250 gm. of water in a stainless steel pressure reactor, equipped with a stirrer and a heater. 232 'gm. of hexamethylene diamine in molten form was introduced in the reactor under a nitrogen blanket. After stirring for 30 minutes, 226 gm. of epsilon-caprolactam was intro- I duced into the reactor. After sealing up the reactor, the

temperature was gradually raised to and was kept at 400F for 2 hours. The reactor pressure was approximately 50 psig at this temperature. After releasing the pressure slowly, the temperature was gradually raised to 515F and was kept at this value for 3 hours. The resulting polymer was cooled and broken up into small chips.

Blends containing 2.5, 4.0 and 5.0 and 8.0 parts respectively per 100 parts of nylon 6 chips were meltextruded under normal nylon 6 extrusion conditions into yarns. These yarns were found to be very smooth and were dyed to deep shades with the basic dyestuff C.I. basic red 17, but when'dyed with the acid dyestuff C.I. acid blue 54, these yarns were stained only slightly. They contained 30, 46, 58 and gram equivalents of sulphonate per 10 grams of polymer respectively and contained 45, 48, 50 and 55 gram equivalents of amine groups per 10 of polymer respectively.

EXAMPLE 4 Reactions employing different amounts of isophthalic acid were run as in Example 3. Yarns were obtained by melt-extruding 5 parts of the polymer chips and parts of nylon 6 under normal nylon 6 extrusion conditions.

Components (gm) Case Sodium 3 ,5 -benzenedicarboxylic 'isophthalic hexamethylene epsilonacid sulfonate acid diamine caprolactam 6 They all dyed to a deep shade with the basic dyestuff groups are not ortho relative to each other, with Cl. basic red 17. 2. components selected from the group consisting of (a) and (b) wherein components (a) are EXAMPLE 5 a. (i) a compound selected from the group con- A reaction similar to that of Example 3 was run using 5 sisting of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid the following components: and their polyamide-forming derivatives in an amount of from 1.0 mole to 9.0 moles per mole of compound (1), and Component 8:? a. (ii) a diamine having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms in an amount equal to the mole equiva- Sodium 3, 5benzenedicarboxylic acid sulfonate lent of Compound (I) plUS compound (8)); hi f l tl i yl es iamine 34s af ld components are epsilon-caprolactam 336 b. (1) a compound selected-from the group consisting of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid and their polyamide-forming derivatives, and 4.5 parts of the resultlng polymer and 100 parts of (ii) a compound l t d from the group connylon 6 chips were melt-extruded under normal nylon Sisting of a monoaminomonocarboxylic acid 6 extrusion conditions into yarns which were dyed to a having from 2 to 12 Carbon atoms, a lactam of very deep shade with the basic dyestuff C.l. basic red said monoaminomonocarboxyic acid, an l7 and stained only lightly with the acid dyestuff CI. phatic dicarboxylic acid having from 2 to 12 acid blue 54. The total polymer contained 53 gram carbon atoms and apolyamide forming deriva equivalents of sulphonate per 10 grams of polymer and tive of Said aliphatic dicarboxylic acid the 49 gram equlvalents of amine groups per 10 grams of amount ofcompound (b)(i) plus the amount of p y compound (b)(ii) being from 1.0 mole to 9.0 EXAMPLE 6 moles per mole of compound (1) with at least 0.25 moles belng of compound (b)(l), and 4.5 parts of the polymer ch1ps of Example 3 and 100 (iii) a diamine having from 2 to 12 carbon parts of nylon 6/6 chips were melt-extruded under noratoms, in an amount equal to the mole equiva mal nylon 6/6 extrusion conditions into 23-fil ament lent of Compound (1) plus compound (b)(i), yarns. These yarns were dyed to a deep shade with the and plus compound (b)(ii) when (b)(ii) is an basic dyestuff C.I. basic red 17 and stained only hghtly aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or its polyamide with the acid dyestuff C.I. acid blue 54. forming derivative to produce a polyamide EXAMPLE 7 termediate having from 10 mole percent to 50 mole percent of sulphonate units based on the A reaction slmilar to that of Example 3 was run usmg recurring units of the polymer, and times the amount of F P B. blending and melt-extruding said polyamide interparts. of the resultmg polymer and 100 parts of mediate with from 5 to 95 percent by weight of the nylon 6 chips were melt-extruded under normal nylon blend of nor-ma] fibre f0rming polyamide in an 6 extrusion conditions into 23-filament yarns. These amount Sufficient to produce afibre forming poly yarns were found to be very smooth and were dyed to 40 amide having from 20 to 100 sulphonate gm equiv a deep shade with the basic dyestuff C.I. basic red 17 alents per 106 grams of total polyamide and from and stained only lightly with the acid dyestuff C.I. acid 35 to 80 amine gm. equivalents per 106 grams of blue total polyamide.

Na, K or NH, and wherein the wherein R is OH, Cl, OCI-l or OC H and X is Li, r

Na, K or NH, and wherein the 1 R 6 groups are not ortho relative to each other, with a dicarboxylic acid compound selected from the group consisting of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid in an amount of from 1.0 mole to 9.0 moles per mole of compound (1) and hexamethylene diamine in an amount equal to the mole equivalent of compound (1) plus said dicarboxylic acid compound to produce a polyamide intermediate having from 10 mole percent to 50 mole percent of sulphonate units based on the total recurring units of the polymer, and

B. blending and melt-extruding said polyamide intermediate with from 5 to 95 percent by weight of the blend of normal fibre-forming polyamide in an amount sufficient to produce a fibre-forming polyamide having from 20 to 100 sulphonate gm. equivalents per grams of total polyamide and from 35 to 80 amine gm. equivalents per 10 grams of total polyamide.

3. A process as claimed in claim 2 wherein R in the formula is OH and X is Na or K.

4. A process as claimed in claim 2 wherein said fibreforming polyamide has from 30 to 80 sulphonate gm. equivalents per 10 grams of total polyamide and from 35 to 70 amine gm. equivalents per 10 grams of total polyamide.

Na, K or NH and wherein the groups are not ortho relative to each other, with 2. a compound selected from the group consisting of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid and their polyamideforming derivatives, and 3. a compound selected from the group consisting of a monoaminomonocarboxylic acid having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a lactam of said monoaminomonocarboxylic acid and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and a polyamide forming derivative of said aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, the amount of compound (2) plus the amount of compound (3) being from 1.0 mole to 9.0 moles per mole of compound (I), with at least 0.25 moles being of compound (2), and hexamethylenediamine in an amount equal to the mole equivalent of compound (1) plus compound (2), and plus compound (3) when compound (3) is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or its polyamide forming derivative, to produce a polyamide intermediate having from 10 mole percent to 50 mole percent of sulphonate units based on the recurring units of the polymer, and B. blending and melt-extruding said polyamide intermediate with from 5 to percent by weight of the blend of normal fibre-forming polyamide in an amount sufficient to produce a fibre-forming poly amide having from 20 to sulphonate gm. equivalents per 10 grams of total polyamide and from 35 to 80 amine gm. equivalents per 10 grams of v total polyamide.

6. A process as claimed in claim 5 wherein R. in said formula is OH and X is Na, K or Li.

7. A process as claimed in claim 6 wherein said lactam compound is epsilon-caprolactam.

8. A process as claimed in claim 7 wherein said fibreforming polyamide has from 30 to 80 sulphonate gm. equivalents per 10 grams of total polyamide and from 35 to 70 amine gm. equivalents per 10 grams of total polyamide.

Dispersing an additive in an at least partially volatile liquid vehicle with a dispersant and a stabilizer for the dispersion; feeding the resulting dispersion to a vented extruder which extrudes the polymer and removes fed volatiles

A combination of a fiber-forming polyamide with a concentrate having one or more sulfonated reagents (5-sulfoisophtalic acid or 3-sulfobenzoic acid alkali metal salts) in a polyesters or polyamides matrix

produce a distinctive and sharp differentially colored patterns by coloring a first formed polyamide with anionic dyes, coloring a second formed polyamide which is blocked with end groups, with cationic dyes

Economically viable method of recovering sulfopolyester from wash water for subsequent reuse; sulfopolyester may be recovered and reused by processes such as evaporation and/or nanofiltration; final recovery of sulfopolyester may be achieved by further evaporation of water and/or salt precipitation

Dispersing a pigment in a water and solvent soluble resin from both hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers; the ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic monomers is from 1/5-5; can be easily letdown in both water and solvent-based dispersions/inks without additional grinding