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predators, the amount of food, climate, the elements, epidemics, competition within

Name three factors that affect the “struggle for existence”.

predators, the amount of food, climate, the elements, epidemics, competition within

Why did Darwin delay publishing?

Wanted more evidence, against religious notions of the time, worried about his darling wife

What is required for natural selection to occur?

Varition, heritability, differential reproduction

Give two reasons why Darwin thinks the absence of innumerable transitional forms does not disprove evolution by natural selection

slow process of natural selection; imperfection in the geologic record; intermediate generally has smaller population size and is thus more vulnerable; unconformities (periods of missing time between strata); chemical and physical weathering (i.e. erosion); have not explored many areas of the world; insufficient paleontological collections; preservational bias (terrestrial vs. marine for example)

What is bipedalism a good example of?

tendency for evolution to modify pre-existing parts

What was discovered before the theory of evolution by natural selection, can be used to order and subdivide geologic time and forms the basis of biostratigraphy?

What is sexual dimorphism? And why would organisms, generally males, evolve traits that may reduce survival?

The answer to this question involves types of selection. If a population starts out on the slope of an adaptive landscape with only one fitness peak that is static over time, what is the expected response of the population, assuming that natural selection can act on the relevant traits?

Who was the main proponent of the reality of extinction?

These species have interbreeding populations with range endpoints that do not interbreed.

Name three ways a group of organisms may become reproductively isolated.

These structures are derived from a common ancestor and can be modified for various uses in different linneages?

What is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone bound to bases?

Approximately what percentage of the human genome codes for proteins?

Changes in the timing of developmental processes is called?

Where are proteins made using the mRNA? What is necessary to read the mRNA?

Where were all elements heavier than He produced?

What is the process where some isotopes are unstable and will spontaneously decay into new stable elements?

Why is there “extra” iron in the universe?

What are two key things we learn from meteorites?

Who organized the hierarchy of morphological similarity in nature?

Who used comparative anatomy to prove that extinction is real?

Who hypothesized that individuals acquire characteristics that are useful to their mode of life and those acquired traits are passed on to offspring via inheritance?

Who used uniformitarianism to prove that Earth is very old?

Name three of the major figures of the scientific revolution and what they contributed

In reality what were “tongue stones”?

What is a vestigial structure?

What is biostratigraphy?

What is the principle of faunal succession that William Smith came up with?

What are the two problems that Steno had to deal with in regard to fossils? What were the two outstanding questions of the day?

What is required for natural selection to occur?

What is natural selection?

What is biological fitness?

Name three types/forms of selection?

What is a homologous structure?

What is an analogous structure?

What is “American degeneracy”?

What is the difference between the typological and biological species concepts?

Why do island species diminish in size and gain traits such as no fear of humans and how?

What is comparative anatomy?

What is Neoplatonism?

What is Aristotelianism?

What are Steno’s three principles of stratigraphy?

Why did Darwin FINALLY publish on natural selection?

What geologic formation did Darwin encounter in the middle of the ocean and correctly describe how they formed?