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Natural and synthetic methylxanthines inhibit insect feeding and are pesticidal at concentrations known to occur in plants. These effects are due primarily to inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity and to an increase in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. At lower concentrations, methylxanthines are potent synergists of other pesticides known to… (More)

Carbon monoxide (CO) induces a long-lasting alteration in cerebellar alpha 3-Na,K-ATPase independent of [Na+] but linked to cGMP synthesis and localized to Purkinje neurons. The action of CO is absent in Purkinje neuron-deficient mice, mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP, and blocked by inhibition of PKG. Glutamate (Glu) and metabotropic agonists mimic the action of CO,… (More)

Because of recent evidence indicating that hormone regulation of particulate guanylate cyclase in the eye may modulate aqueous humor dynamics, we have investigated the possibility that exogenous activators of soluble guanylate cyclase may be useful in altering intraocular pressure (IOP). A variety of nitrovasodilators known to activate guanylate cyclase… (More)

The inter- and intracellular regulator nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to play a role in the modulation of cellular excitability, but the mechanism(s) by which this occurs remain unclear. Using the kidney as a model system, we report here evidence that NO, produced in response to various hormones and cytokines, can effect long-term alterations in the… (More)

Octopamine receptors in the nervous tissue of insects were investigated using a ligand-receptor assay with [3H]NC-5Z or [3H]octopamine as the radioligands. Both ligands recognized a homogenous class of binding sites with the properties of an octopamine receptor. This receptor has been characterized pharmacologically. Both high-affinity agonists (e.g. NC 7,… (More)

Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid by the choroid plexus can be inhibited by its cholinergic innervation. We demonstrated that carbachol inhibits the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in bovine choroid tissue slices and investigated the mechanism. Many of the actions of cholinergic agents are mediated by nitric oxide (NO), which plays important roles in fluid homeostasis.… (More)

The nitrovasodilators nitroglycerin (NTG) and hydralazine (HZN) were investigated for their effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and outflow facility in the cynomolgus monkey eye in vivo. Fifty microliters of 0.1% HZN were administered topically in masked, randomized, crossover, placebo controlled trials, and by intracameral perfusion. Both NTG and HZN… (More)

Little is known about the pathophysiology of cerebral edema and other disturbances of water balance that involve the barrier tissues at the interface of blood and brain. The present experiments show that these barrier tissues contain receptors and second messenger systems for atriopeptins, recently identified cardiac peptides involved in peripheral water… (More)

Octopamine-2 receptors, associated with activation of adenylate cyclase, mediate a number of the important hormonal and neurotransmitter functions of octopamine in invertebrates. By utilizing the highly enriched octopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase present in the firefly light organ, it has been possible to pharmacologically characterize octopamine-2… (More)