Atletico added that the decision amounts to “comparative disadvantage and discriminatory treatment” of the club, given rivals Real will now be able to sign players in the transfer window that starts on 1 July.

Champions League semi-finalists Atletico said they had “full confidence” in their current squad and were determined to continue “competing at the same level next season”, having finished third behind Real and Barcelona in La Liga.

Fifa’s investigation concerned players aged under 18 who played in competitions for Atletico between 2007 and 2014, and Real from 2005-2014.

The world governing body initially ruled on the case in January 2016, but both clubs were able to sign players last summer after appealing against the decision to Fifa.

The two sides then went to Cas after those appeals were rejected, with Real Madrid’s suspension subsequently reduced to cover just the recent January transfer window.

Cas’ decision was due to be released on Wednesday but was delayed until Thursday, which Altetico said showed a “lack of respect” to the club.

Atletico will be allowed to register new players again from 1 January 2018.

Fifa’s rules on the transfer of under-18s

Fifa bans the transfer of under-18s to different countries unless they meet strict criteria. It brought in the rules to help protect children from exploitation and trafficking.

Following Cas’ decision on Thursday, a Fifa statement said: “Cas has shown once again clear and strong support for Fifa’s efforts to protect underage players.”

Under-18s can only be transferred abroad if:

The player’s parents move to the country in which the new club is located for non-footballing reasons.

Both clubs are in the European Union or European Economic Area and the player is aged between 16 and 18 – even then the buying club must meet more criteria relating to education, training, living conditions and support.