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Friday, June 8, 2018

Fw: TheList 4740

The List 4740 TGB

To All,

I Hope that you all have a great weekend.

Regards,

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June 8

This day in Naval History

1830—The sloop of war USS Vincennes becomes the first U.S. Navy warship to circle the globe when she returns to New York. She departs on Sept. 3, 1826, rounds Cape Horn and cruises the Pacific protecting American merchantmen and whalers until June 1829.

1937—Capt. Julius F. Hellweg commands the Navy detachment that observes a total eclipse of the sun.

1959—The Navy and the Post Office deliver the first official missile mail when USS Barbero (SS 317) fires a Regulus I missile with 3,000 letters 100 miles east of Jacksonville, FL, to Mayport, FL.

1943—TBF aircraft from USS Bogue (ACV 9) damage German submarine (U 758) west by south of the Canary Islands.

1943—USS Finback (SS 230) attacks a Japanese convoy and sinks auxiliary minelayer Kahoku Maru about 100 miles north of Palau.

1996—USS Oak Hill (LSD 51) is commissioned. The Harpers Ferry-class dock landing ship is the second named to honor the home of President James Monroe, where he penned the Monroe Doctrine.

June 9

1813—During the War of 1812, the frigate, President, commanded by John Rodgers, is en route between the Azores and England when it begins a series of captures of British vessels that include the brig Kitty, the packet brig Duke of Montrose, the brig Maria, and the schooner Falcon.

1869—Secretary of the Navy Adolph E. Borie, orders the construction of the first torpedo station on Goat Island, Newport, RI. Cmdr. Edmund O. Matthews is the first commanding officer. During the establishment, the station experiments with torpedoes and trained Sailors in the use of the weapons.

1882—The Office of Naval Records of the War of the Rebellion (which later becomes part of the Naval History and Heritage Command) is established. The office is placed under the direction of James R. Soley, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy in the 1890s.

1942 - First Navy photographic interpretation unit set up in the Atlantic

1944—During her Fifth War Patrol, USS Harder (SS 257) sinks Japanese destroyer Tanikaze in the Sibitu Passage, about 90 miles southwest of Basilan Island. On June 6, she sinks the Japanese destroyer Minazuki 120 miles east-northeast of Tarakan, Borneo. On June 7, Harder sinks the Japanese destroyer Hayanami south of the Japanese fleet anchorage at Tawi, southeast of the Sibitu Passage, Borneo. On the morning of Aug. 24, Harder is sunk in Dasol Bay, Philippines, by enemy depth charges on its Sixth War Patrol. There are no survivors and the crew is never recovered. For his "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity " in sinking the Japanese destroyers during the Fifth War Patrol, Cmdr. Samuel D. Dealey, Harder's CO, is posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

1959—USS George Washington (SSBN 598), the first U.S. Navy nuclear-powered fleet ballistic missile submarine, is christened and launched at Groton, CT. Her nuclear capability is removed in 1983, and she is classified as SSN 598 serving until 1985.

2007—USS Kidd (DDG 100) is commissioned at Galveston, TX. The 49th Arleigh Burke-class destroyer is named after Rear Adm. Isaac C. Kidd, who was killed in action onboard USS Arizona during the Japanese Navy's attack on Pearl Harbor. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

June 10

1854—The first formal graduation exercises are held at the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, MD. Previous classes graduated without a ceremony. Rear Adm. Thomas O. Selfridge and Rear Adm. Joseph N. Miller are two of the six graduates that year.

1896—Authorization is given for the first experimental ship model basin, which was under the supervision of Chief Constructor of the Navy, Capt. David W. Taylor. The basin, in Building 70 at the Washington Navy Yard, Washington, D.C., is used by the Navy to monitor new hull designs.

2006—USS Farragut (DDG 99) is commissioned at Mayport, FL. The 49th Arleigh Burke-class destroyer is the fifth Navy ship named for Adm. David Farragut.

2017—Littoral Combat Ship USS Gabrielle Giffords (LCS 10) is commissioned in a ceremony attended by nearly 2,500 guests at Pier 21 at the Port of Galveston, Texas. The ship is named after former United States Rep. Gabrielle Giffords of Arizona's 8th district.

Executive Summary:

Top national headlines include the Washington Capitals defeat of the Las Vegas Golden Knights for the Stanley Cup, the upcoming G-7 Summit to be held in Canada, and preparations for the meeting scheduled June 12 between the United States and North Korea. Defense News reports that the Navy is considering extending the service life of all its ships by at least seven years. Stars and Stripes reports that the Navy has begun Exercise Malabar 2018, a nine-day exercise alongside forces from India and Japan, is being held on Guam for the first time. Additionally, Washington Times reports that Vice Adm. Richard Brown, commander of Naval Surface is pleased with the results of a review into junior officers' seamanship skills.

For those who've followed Remembered Sky or Project White Horse 084640 websites, you know that in early June I always put together something on the Battle of Midway and always pay tribute to my first post flight school boss, LCDR Pat Patterson, who on 4 June, 1942 was a radioman-gunner in SBD Dauntless 6B15 of Bombing Six (VB 6) off of USS Enterprise.

For me, it is a constant base plate for reflection on my own participation in VA-56/CAG -5/USS Midway operations in the Gulf of Tonkin in 1972, and for analysis of today's "strike fighter" airwings and the emerging one size fits all F-35.

Smoke rises from the USS Yorktown after a Japanese bomber hit the aircraft carrier in the Battle of Midway in June 1942. Bursts from World War II antiaircraft fire fill the air. (U.S. Navy via Associated Press)

Six months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the June 7, 1942, edition of the Chicago Sunday Tribune trumpeted news of a stunning American victory over a Japanese armada at the Battle of Midway.

"Jap Fleet Smashed by U.S.; 2 Carriers Sunk at Midway: 13 to 15 Nippon Ships Hit; Pacific Battle Rages," the front-page headlines read. And in the center of the page, an intriguing side story: "Navy Had Word of Jap Plan to Strike at Sea."

It was a fascinating, and detailed, description of much of what American intelligence knew beforehand of the enemy's fleet and plans. Indeed, it was too detailed.

The report — 14 paragraphs long — suggested a secret U.S. intelligence coup, and became one of the biggest and potentially damaging news leaks of World War II.

The leak hinted that the United States had cracked a Japanese communications code, sparking fury in the Navy and the administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and starting an "espionage" probe by the FBI. It also led to a sensitive grand jury investigation whose testimony would be sealed for more than seven decades.

In December, Elliott Carlson, a naval historian in Silver Spring, Md., along with the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, the Naval Institute Press and the Organization of American Historians, among others, won a court fight to unseal the old testimony in the case, which is kept in the National Archives..

"This is the only time in American history that the United States government has … taken steps toward prosecuting a member of the media under the Espionage Act," Katie Townsend, the Reporters Committee litigation director, said in an interview.

This week, with leaks again making big news, the United States marks the 75th anniversary of Midway, the epic 1942 battle that raged from June 4 to June 7 and turned the tide in the Pacific theater. The American assault on the Japanese fleet was "the single most decisive aerial attack in naval history," according to historians Jonathan B. Parshall and Anthony P. Tully.

The Japanese navy was crippled by the loss of four aircraft carriers — all used in the attack on Pearl Harbor — and hundreds of planes and sailors when it was ambushed by a smaller U.S. force that had been forewarned by good intelligence.

American code breakers had figured out where and when the enemy planned to strike, and the military acted accordingly.

But it was critical that the Japanese not learn of the breach, lest they change their codes and confound their U.S. foes.

Yet, here, the day the battle ended, was an American newspaper suggesting such a breach to the world.

Chicago Sunday Tribune front page. (Chicago Tribune)

"The strength of the Japanese forces with which the American Navy is battling … was well known in American naval circles several days before the battle began," the Tribune report began. "The advance information enabled the American Navy to make full use of air attacks on the approaching Japanese ships."

The story went on to describe the three parts of the planned Japanese attack: a striking force, a support force and an occupation force. It detailed how many ships were involved, and named the ships and their types.

"It was a huge scandal," Carlson, who is working on a book about the case, said in a telephone interview Thursday. "It enraged the Navy high command. It enraged the Roosevelt administration."

The story did not explicitly say a code had been broken, Carlson said.

But "any knowledgeable reader of that story would have known that [it] had to come from American cryptanalysis of the Japanese naval code," he said. "The Navy … thought any reasonably intelligent person reading that story would say, 'Hey, the American Navy has broken the Imperial Navy's operational code.' "

The Navy's information on Japanese plans had been gleaned from weeks of scrutiny of enemy message traffic being conducted in the compromised code. U.S. intelligence officials were able to predict what direction the attack would come from and what time of day it would start, and experts were off by only 24 hours in forecasting the date the attack would begin, according to historian John Costello's study of the Pacific war.

At first, the United States was unsure where the enemy planned to attack.

Japanese communications kept referring to a location code-named "AF." The Navy guessed it was Midway, but it had to be sure. To find out, Navy Com. Joseph J. Rochefort, a code breaker, suggested a ruse. Midway was instructed to issue an emergency call in plain English saying that its water distillation plant had broken down. The report was duly picked up by enemy eavesdroppers, who radioed superiors that "AF" was running short of water, according to Costello.

When the Japanese fleet approached Midway, the Americans were lying in wait. The Japanese force was virtually wiped out.

But the American fleet was hurt, too. The aircraft carrier, the USS Yorktown, was sunk, and an entire squadron of 15 torpedo planes was shot down. Only one man, Ens. George Gay, survived the doomed attack of Torpedo Squadron 8.

Several American pilots downed in the battle were picked up by the Japanese navy. They were interrogated, executed, and their bodies were thrown into the ocean, according to historians Parshall and Tully.

The Tribune story ran in other papers, including the old Washington Times-Herald and the New York Daily News.

It carried no byline and bore a Washington dateline, but it was the product of a Tribune war correspondent in the Pacific named Stanley Johnston. An Australian who had once mined for gold in New Guinea, Johnston had been aboard the aircraft carrier, USS Lexington, when it was sunk during the Battle of the Coral Sea in early May 1942, Carlson said.

Johnston was a World War I veteran with a trim mustache who had fought at Gallipoli as a teenager. He had started as a war correspondent for the Tribune in Britain in 1940, according to a 1942 Tribune profile. Known as "Johnny," he had almost been killed when German planes bombed the Dover hotel where he and other reporters were staying.

When the United States entered the war, the Tribune sent Johnston to the Pacific, where he asked to be assigned to the Lexington because there were no other reporters on board, the newspaper said later.

"He's been a recurring puzzle and mystery all these years for the Navy," Carlson said.

In the Coral Sea, the Lexington was crippled by enemy dive bombers and torpedo planes, and suffered a series of post-attack explosions so serious that it had to be abandoned. But most of the almost 3,000-man crew was rescued, including Johnston.

The carrier was then sunk by an American destroyer.

Johnston and other Lexington survivors were eventually put aboard the Navy transport, USS Barnett, and started for San Diego.

While they were in route, Adm. Chester W. Nimitz, armed with the latest intelligence, "circulated a message to all of his commanders at sea giving them a little preview … about the battle of Midway that was going to occur in four or five days," Carlson said. Among other things, the crucial message — No. 311221 — laid out in detail the makeup of the enemy force.

"That particular dispatch showed up on the Barnett," Carlson said. "It was not intended to go there, but it turned out the transport ship had the equipment to decode whatever it wanted to."

The dispatch wound up in the hands of the Lexington's rescued executive officer, Cmdr. Morton T. Seligman, who happened to be bunking with Johnston. "So you put him in the same room with the dispatch, and the Navy and everybody else put two and two together. Much of the content of Nimitz's dispatch appeared in Johnston's story."

Johnston later testified that he had gleaned the crucial information from a "scrap of paper" with doodling on it, which he found on a table in the ship's crowded quarters, and which he then threw away.

Johnston landed in San Diego on June 2, and was in Chicago on June 4. When he heard about the unfolding battle, he told his editor he had some "dope" on the Japanese fleet, according to a 1942 report to the Navy and the Justice Department by former U.S. attorney general William D. Mitchell, who was handling the investigation.

Crewman aboard the USS Yorktown battle fire after the carrier was hit by Japanese bombs on June 4, 1942. (AP)

Johnston was told to write the story.

"The description in the article of the Japanese Midway fleet is almost an exact duplication of the information contained in the Nimitz dispatch," Mitchell wrote, and Johnston later admitted copying a document with "some statement on it about the Japanese fleet."

Johnston almost certainly saw and copied the dispatch, Mitchell believed. But there was no proof that he knew the dispatch was secret. "The fact that it was left lying around would indicate its lack of 'secrecy,' " Mitchell wrote.

Plus, he feared a criminal prosecution could reveal further wartime secrets.

The Roosevelt administration wanted to pursue it anyhow. In Chicago, in August 1942, federal prosecutors seated a grand jury, which heard testimony.

In the end, no one was indicted. The testimony was sealed, and remained so until December.

The Justice Department had argued against unsealing it, saying that such testimony should always remain sealed to protect witnesses and the innocent.

But after more than seven decades, the courts ruled in favor of the historian.

Carlson said Johnston's story did not help the Japanese.

"They never heard of the article," he said. The Japanese did soon change their code, but not because of the leak. "They changed it because it was due to be changed," he said.

Twenty years later, on Sept. 13, 1962, when Johnston died of an apparent heart attack at age 62, the Chicago Tribune ran his obituary on the front page.

Magda Jean-Louis contributed this story

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Item Number:1 Date: 06/08/2018 AUSTRALIA - CULTURE OF KILLING, COVERUPS DEVELOPED IN ELITE FORCES, SAYS REPORT (JUN 08/SMH) SYDNEY MORNING HERALD -- Members of Australia's special operations forces may have committed war crimes in Afghanistan without punishment, according to an internal report seen by the Sydney Morning Herald. Some within Australia's Special Air Service Regiment (SASR) revealed to investigators "unsanctioned and illegal application of violence on operations" in Afghanistan, including killing. The allegations are rooted in "problems deeply embedded in the culture" of the elite units, including rivalry between the SASR and commandos, which permitted violence, a body-count mentality and coverups, said the report. The report was originally commissioned in 2016 with support from the special operations commander and defense chief, but its results have yet to be released publicly. The military is aware of the charges and takes "all allegations about Australian forces seriously" and will make any necessary recommendations, according to a statement.

Item Number:4 Date: 06/08/2018 FRANCE - AIR FORCE PLANS LARGE-SCALE DEPLOYMENT TO S.E. ASIA (JUN 08/DN) DEFENSE NEWS -- France is preparing a large deployment of combat aircraft to the Indo-Pacific, reports Defense News. Three Rafale fighters, a C-135FR aerial tanker, an A400M strategic airlifter and an Airbus A310 passenger transport aircraft will head to Darwin in northern Australia in July. In Australia, the French aircraft will participate in the biannual Exercise Pitch Black. From Aug. 19 to Sept. 4, following the exercise, the aircraft will travel to Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and India. The deployment is designed to bolster the French air force's force projection capabilities, the air force said. This is the largest French air force deployment to the region since 2004. The announcement comes one week after the French and U.K. defense ministers pledged to conduct freedom of navigation operations in the disputed South China Sea region

Item Number:10 Date: 06/08/2018 SWEDEN - COURT HANDS DOWN LIFE SENTENCE FOR DEADLY ISIS-INSPIRED ATTACK IN STOCKHOLM (JUN 08/LOCAL) THE LOCAL -- A Swedish court has issued a life sentence to a man who carried out an Islamic State-inspired truck attack in Stockholm, reports the Local (Stockholm). The court found Rakhmat Akilov, an Uzbek national, guilty on 199 additional counts of attempted murder and 24 counts of endangering others. Once his sentence is completed, he will be deported from Sweden and banned from returning. The average time spent in jail while serving a life sentence is 16 years, with the longest term being 34 years, noted the newspaper. In April 2017, Akilov stole a truck in a busy downtown neighborhood and ran down pedestrians on the crowded street. The attack killed five people and injured 10. Akilov pledged allegiance to the Islamic State terrorist group (ISIS) before the attack

Item Number:11 Date: 06/08/2018 SYRIA - 44 KILLED IN RUSSIAN STRIKE ON IDLIB MARKET (JUN 08/SOHR) SYRIAN OBSERVATORY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS -- At least 44 people have been killed and 60 people injured in an airstrike in rebel-dominated northwestern Syria, reports the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a U.K.-based watchdog group. Russian Su-24 attack aircraft struck the local market in the village of Zardana in Idlib province on Thursday, said a civil defense chief cited by Turkey's official Anadolu Agency. Eleven women and six children were among those killed, said residents. Clashes between Jaysh Al-Ahrar and Hayyaat Tahrir al-Sham were ongoing when the strikes occurred. The number of rebel fighters in Idlib has grown as various groups around the country have reached agreements with the Assad regime to relocate to Idlib.

Item Number:13 Date: 06/08/2018 UNITED KINGDOM - F-35S ARRIVE AT RAF MARHAM AHEAD OF SCHEDULE (JUN 08/UKMOD) U.K. MINISTRY OF DEFENSE -- The first four F-35B fighter jets for the British Royal Air Force have arrived at their airbase in Norfolk, reports the U.K. Ministry of Defense. The fighters, assigned to 617 Squadron, the first operational British F-35 squadron, flew from Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, S.C., to RAF Marham on Wednesday. The aircraft arrived two months ahead of schedule. The next phase of testing is scheduled to begin in the fall, including the first landings on HMS Queen Elizabeth, the Royal Navy's new aircraft carrier. Additional jets are slated to arrive in the U.K. before the end of the year. The F-35Bs will be jointly operated by the air force and the navy. The fighter jets are expected to enter operational service by the end of the year

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