..Finally, we discuss methods to genetically or chemically perturb autophagy to test whether autophagy is required for cell death. Together, these approaches provide a guide to investigate the relationship between autophagy and cell death...

Requirements for West Nile virus (-)- and (+)-strand subgenomic RNA synthesis in vitro by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase expressed in Escherichia coli

..These results elucidate how a single transcription factor, PU.1, through the cell context-specific activity of a key cis-regulatory element, affects the development of multiple cell lineages and can induce cancer...