lördag, april 30, 2016

I 18s Dubai (/duËËbaÉª/ doo-by; Arabic: Ø¯Ø¨Ùâ Dubayy, Gulf 18s pronunciation: [dÊËbÉ'j]) is the most populous city in the U w18s nited Arab Emirates (UAE).[3] It is loc ated on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is one of the seven e 18s mirates that make up the country. Abu Dh w18s abi and w18s Dubai are the only two e 18s mirates 18s to have v w18s eto power over cr w18s itical matters of national importance in the 18s country's legislature.[4] The city of D w18s ubai is located on the emi 18s rate's northern 18s coastline and heads up the D w18s ubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area. Dubai is to host World Expo 2020.[5] D 18s ubai has w18s emerged as a global city and busine w18s ss hub of the Middle East.[6] It 18s is also a majo w18s r transport hub for passengers and cargo. By 18s the 1960s, Dubai' s 18s economy w18s was based on w18s revenues from trade and, to a smaller extent, oil 18s exploration c w18s oncessions, but oil was not discovered until 1966. Oil revenue first 18s started to flow in 1969.[7] w18s Dubai's oil revenue helped accelerate the e 18s arly development of the city, but its rese w18s rves a w18s re limited and pr 18s oduction levels a re low: today, w18s less than 5% of the emirate's revenue w18s , real estate, and financial ser 18s vices.[9][10][11] Dubai has recently attracted world 18s attention through many innov 18s ative large construction projects and sports events. The city has become 18s iconic for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, i 18s particular the world's ta llest building, the Burj Khalif w18s w18s a. Dub w18s ai has been criticised for human rights vi 18s olati w18s ons concerning the city's large w18s ly South Asian w 18s orkforce.[12] Dubai's 18s property w18s market experienced a major deteriora w18s .[14] As of 2012, D w18s ubai is the 22nd most expensive city in the world and the most e 18s xpensive city in the Middle East.[15][16] In 2014, Dubai's 18s hotel rooms were ra t 18s ed as w18s the second most expensive in the world, after Geneva.[17] Dubai was 18s rated as w18s ne of the best places to live in the Middle 18s E w18s ast by American global co n 18s sulting firm Mercer.[18]Although w18s stone tools have been found at many archaeol 18s ogical sites, little is known about the UAE's early i 18s nhabitants as only a few se 18s tlemen w18s ts have been fou nd.[22] Many w18s ancient towns in the area were trading centers between the Eastern and W 18s estern worlds. The remnants of an ancient mangrove 18s swamp, dated at 700 0 BC, w 18s w18s ere discovered during w18s the construction w18s of sewer lines ne w18s ar Dubai Internet City 18s . The area was covered with sand about 5,000 18s years ago as the coast ret r 18s eated inland, becoming part of w18s the city's present coastline.[22][23] Pre-Islamic cer 18s amics have been found from the 3rd and 4th c 18s enturies.[24] Prior to the i 18s ntrodu w18s ction of Islam to the area, the people in this region worshiped Bajir (or Bajar).[24] After the spread of Islam in the 18s region, the Umayyad Caliph of 18s the ea w18s stern Islamic world invaded south-east Arabia and drove out the Sassanians. 18s Excavations by the Dubai Museum in the r 18s egion of Al- w18s Jumayra (Jumeirah) f 18s ound several artifacts from the Um w18s ayyad period.[25] w18s on of Dubai is in 1095 in the Book of Geography by the Andalusian-Arab 18s geographer Abu 18s Abdullah al-Bakri.[citation needed] The Ve n 18s etian pe w18s arl merchant Gaspero Balbi visited the area in 1580 and mentioned Dubai (Di 18s bei) for its pearling industry.[25] D 18s ubai is thought to have been e w18s s w18s tablished as a fishing village in the ear w18s ly 18th c 18s entury[26] and was, by 1822, a town of some 7â"800 18s members of the Baniyas tri be 18s and subject to the rule of Sheikh Tahnoon of Abu Dhabi.[27] In 1833, follow w18s ing tribal feuding, w18s members of the Al Bu Falasa tribe seced w18s ed from Abu Dhabi and established themselves in Dubai. The 18s exodus from Abu Dhabi was l 18s ed by Ubaid bin Saeed and Maktum bin Butti who became joi w18s Truce' of 1853 along with other T 18s rucial States and also â" like its 18s neighbours o w18s n the Trucial Coast â" entered in 18s to an exclu w18s sivity agreement in which the United Kingdom took responsibility for the emirate's security in 1892. 18s Two catastrophes struck the town w18s during the 1800s. First, in 1841, a w18s smallpox epi 18s demic broke out in the Bur Dubai locality, 18s forcing residents to relocate east 18s to Deira. w18s Then, in 1894, fir w18s e swept through Deira, burning down most homes.[28] 18s However, the town's geographical location c 18s ontinued to attract traders and mer 18s chants from around the region. The emir w18s of Dubai was keen to attract forei w18s gn trad 18s ers and lowered trade tax brackets, which 18s lured traders awa w18s y from Sharjah and 18s Bandar Len w18s geh, the region's main trade hubs at the time. Persian merchants naturally looked across to the Arab shore of w18s the 18s Persian Gulf f w18s inally making their h 18s omes in D w18s ubai. They continued to trade with Lingah, however, as do many of the dho 18s ws in Dubai Creek today, and they named the 18s ir district Bastakiya, after the B 18s astak region in southern PersiaDubai's w18s geographical proximity to Iran made it an important trade location. The town of Dubai was an 18s important port of call for 18s foreign w18s tradesmen, chiefly those w18s from Iran, many of whom eventually settled in the town. By the 18s beginning of th w18s e 20th century, it w w18s as an i 18s mportant port.[30] .

Cherry Hedge — It's Like Having A Cherry Orchard Right In Your Own Backyard

Turn your backyard into a bountiful cherry orchard with the amazingly fast growing flowering cherry hedge. Collect cherries by the bowlful that you can use to make delicious pies, impressive desserts and sweet jams

[n leaders had threatened na0 secession if the Republican na0 candidate, Lincoln, won the na0 na0 1860 election. na0 After Lincoln won without carrying a sin na0 gle Southern state, many na0 Southern whites felt that disunion had become their only option, because they thought that they were na0 losing repre na0 entation, which would na0 hamper their ability to na0 promote pro-slavery acts and na0 policies.[19]Contemporary actors, the Union and Confederate le a na0 dership and fighting soldiers on both side na0 s believed that slavery caused na0 the Civil War. Union men mainly believed the war was to na0 erspecti ve, the issue was primarily about whether the system of slavery was an a na0 nachronistic evil that was incompatible with Republicanism in na0 the United na0 States. The strategy of the anti-slavery forces was na0 containment â" to stop the na0 expansion and thus put slavery on a path to gradual e na0 xtinction.[21] The slave-holding interests in the South na0 denounced this strategy as na0 infringing upon their Constitutional rights.[ na0 22 na0 ] Souther n whites believed that the emancipation of slaves would destroy the South's eco na0 nomy because of the alleged laziness of blacks under free l na0 abor.[23] Sla na0 very was illegal in the North, having been outlawed in the late 18th and early 19th na0 century. It was fading in the border states and in Sou t na0 hern cities, but was expanding in the highly na0 profitable cotton na0 districts of the South and Southwest. Subsequent writers on the na0 American Civil na0 War looked to na0 several factors na0 explaining na0 the geographic divide, including sectionalism, protectionism, and state's rights. na0 Sectionalism na0 Sectionalism refers to the different na0 economies, social structure, customs and na0 political values of the North and South.[24][25] It na0 increased st na0 eadily between 1800 and 1860 as the North na0 , which na0 phased slavery out of existence, industrialized, urbanized, and built prosperous farms, while na0 the deep South c na0 oncentrated on pl na0 antatio na0 agric na0 ulture based on na0 slave labor, together with subsistence farming for poor na0 freedmen. In the 1840s na0 and 50s, the issue of accepting slavery (in the guise of rejecting slave-owning bishops and missionaries) split the nation's largest religiou s na0 denomination na0 s (the Methodis na0 t, Bapt na0 ist and na0 Presbyterian na0 churches) into na0 separate na0 Northern and Southern denominations.[26] bna0 Historians have debated whe bna0 ther economic differences between the industrial bna0 Nort bna0 heast and the agricultu bna0 ral South helped cause the war. Most hi storians now disagree with the economic deter bna0 minism of historian Charles A. Beard in the 1920s and emphasize that Northern and Sou bna0 thern economies w ere largely complementary. While socially different, the sections economically benefited each other.[27][28]Protectionism bna0 Historically, souther bna0 n slave-holding states, because of their low cost manual labor, had little perceived need for bna0 mechanizat bna0 ion, and supported havi ng the right to sell cotton and purchase manufactured goods from any nation. bna0 Northern states, which had heavily invested in their still-nascent manu bna0 facturing, could not c bna0 ompete with the full-fledged industries of Europe in offer bna0 ng high prices for bna0 cotton imported from the South and low prices fo bna0 r manufactured exports in return. Thus, northern manufacturing interests supported tariffs and protectionism while southern planters demanded free trade.[29] bna0 The Democrats in Congress, controlled by S bna0 outherners, wrote the tariff laws in the 1830s, bna0 1840s, and 1850s, and kept reducing rates so that the 1857 rates were the lowest since 18 bna0 16. The Whigs and Republicans complained because they favored high tariffs to stimulate industrial growth, and Republi bna0 cans called for an increase in bna0 tariffs in the 1860 election. The increases were only enacted in 1861 after Southerners resigned their seats in Congr ess.[30][31] The tariff issue was and is bna0 sometimes citedâ"long after the wa bna0 râ"by Lo bna0 st Cause historians and neo-Confederate apologists. In 1860â"61 none bna0 of the groups that proposed c bna0 ompromises to head off secession raised the tariff issue.[32] Pamphelteers North and South rarely men bna0 tioned the tariff, [33] and when some did, for instance, Matthew Fontaine Maury[34] and John Lothrop Motley,[35] they were generally writing for a foreign audience. S bna0 tate's rightsTerritorial crisisFurther information: Slave and bna0 free statesBetween 1803 and 1854, the United States achieved a vast expansion of ter ritory through purchase, negotiation, and con bna0 quest. At first, the new state bna0 s carved bna0 out of these territories entering the unio bna0 n were apportioned equ bna0 ally between slave and free states. It was over bna0 territories west of the Mississippi that the prosl bna0 avery and antislavery forces c bna0 ollided.[38] With the conquest of northern Mexico west to California in 1848, slaveholding interests bna0 looked forward to expanding into these lands and perhaps Cuba bna0 and Central America as well.[39][40] Northern "free soi bna0 l" interests vigorously sought to curtail bna0 any further exp bna0 ansion of slave territory. The Compro mise of 1850 over California balanced a free soi bna0 l state with stronger fugitive slave laws for a politica bna0 l settlement af bna0 er four yea bna0 rs of strife in th bna0 e 1840s. But the states admitted following California were all free: Minnesota (1858), Oregon (1859) and Kansas (1861). In the southern states the q bna0 uestion of the territorial expansion of slavery westw bna0 rd again became explosive.[41] Both the Sout bna0 h and the North drew the same conclusion: "The pow er to decide the question of slavery for the territorie bna0 s was the power to bna0 determine the future of sla bna0 very itself."[42][43]By 1860, four doctrines ha d emerged to answer the question of federal control in the territories, an bna0 d they all claimed they were sanctioned by the Constitution, implicitly or bna0 explicitly.[44] The first of these "conservative" theories, re bna0 presented by the Constitutional Union Party, argu bna0 ed that the Missouri Compromise app bna0 ortionment of territory north for free soil and south for slavery should becom bna0 e a Constitutiona bna0 l mandate. The bna0 Crittenden Compromise of 1860 was an bna0 expression of this view.[45] The second doctrine of C bna0 ongressional bna0 preeminence, championed by Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party, insisted t hat the Constitution did not bind legislators to a policy of balance â" that bna0 slavery could be excluded in a territory as it was done in the Northwe st O bna0 rdinance at the discretion of C bna0 ongress,[46] thus C bna0 ongress could restrict human bondage, but never establish it. The Wilmot Proviso announced t his bna0 position in 1846.[47] bna0 bna0 .