To link to the entire object, paste this link in email, IM or documentTo embed the entire object, paste this HTML in websiteTo link to this page, paste this link in email, IM or documentTo embed this page, paste this HTML in website

Sediments : newsletter of the North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission

Sediments : newsletter of the North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission

Newsletter of the North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission
Sediment Control BMPs: Comparing
Effectiveness of New and Old Technologies
2 May Actions of the NC SCC
3 LQS Personnel Changes
3 New SCC Members
4 August and November Actions SCC
5 New Sedimentation Educ. Specialist
5 LQS E&SC Workshops
6 EPA and Homebuilder’s Settlement
6 IECA 2011
9 EPA
9 New Self-Inspection Program
10 Calendar of Events
State of North Carolina,
Department of Environment & Natural Resources
Dee Freeman, Secretary
Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources
James D. Simons, Director and State Geologist
Vol 17 No 3 l June 2010 - December 2010
GET SEDIMENTS On-line
SEDIMENTS is a newsletter published quarterly by the N.C. Sedimentation Control Commission to provide informa­tion and assistance to the regulated com­munity and to facilitate communication among personnel of state and local ero­sion and sedimentation control programs. SEDIMENTS is available in electronic form at: http://www.dlr.enr.state.nc.us/pages/sedimentationnewsletters.html.
To subscribe to the listserv:
1. In the “To:” field, type:
mj2@lists.ncsu.edu
2. Leave the “Subject:” blank.
3. To subscribe, type “subscribe sedi­ments” in the body of the message.
In This Issue
By Richard A. McLaughlin, Ph.D., and Melanie McCaleb, MS, CPESC, Soil Science Department, NC State University, Raleigh, NC
Compost socks vs. silt fence - The use of silt fence has been a main­stay in the sediment and erosion control industry as an inexpensive material for controlling sediment on construction sites. New technologies have made their ways into the market with the goal of im­proving on the performance and reliability of silt fences. A study was conducted at the Ohio Agriculture Research and Devel­opment Center’s (OARDC) Composting Research Center in Wooster, OH, to com­pare silt fence and compost socks for re­moving sediment and to pond water under controlled conditions (Keener et al, 2007). Also determined were the effects of sock diameter (8, 12, and 18”) and coarseness (fine grade < 0.0661” and coarse grade > 0.5”) of the material used to fill the socks. The test was conducted in a flume tilted to slopes of either 11 or 22 percent. Measure­ments of the discharged flow rates were calculated with clear water and with wa­ter containing almost 1 percent added soil. The testing done with clear water showed a relatively consistent flow-through rate for both silt fence and compost socks. The rate of flow-through was related to the depth of ponded water behind the socks. Clear wa­ter flow rates were increased nearly 4 times when coarse material was used in the sock compared to fine material, and was roughly the same compared to silt fence. When sediment-laden water was used, the amount of sediment accumulating on/in the devices increased, reducing flow and eventually leading to the overtopping of the devices. Tests with sediment-laden water showed the coarse compost socks of both 12” and 18” diameter took much longer to overtop than a 30” silt fence when flows were less than 5 gallons per minute per foot. At higher flow rates, all of the devices overtopped quickly. The 8” diameter coarse compost sock was equal in performance to a (shorter) 18” silt fence as measured by time to overtopping.
Total sediment removal efficiency percent­age was 50.0, 34.7, and 29.3 at in-flow rates of 2, 4, and 5 gpm), respectively, av­eraged across three sediment control devic­es (8’ and 12” compost stock and 24” silt fence). Total sediment removal rates were 30.7, 39.7, and 43.0 percent for the 8” di­ameter silt sock, 12” diameter silt sock, and 24” silt fence respectively when test results for each device were averaged for all flow rates. The 24” silt fence retained statisti­cally significantly more sediment than the 8” coarse compost sock but not compared to the 12” coarse compost sock. (See Fig­ure 1 on page 7).
Are rock filter dams effective compo­nents of SWPPP?
A Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) describes structural and non-structural controls that will be designed and implemented on a site to decrease neg­ative impacts of offsite storm water dis­charges to the environment. The purpose of these installed features is to minimize erosion and to minimize pollutant loading into our waterways. One of the most com­mon features of erosion and sediment con­trol plans, considered part of the SWPPP, are rock dams which slow water flow and allow sediment to drop out of runoff.
A study was conducted around the Hous­ton Texas area on a dry drainage ditch that
continued on page 7 and 82
SEDIMENTS is published by the NC Sedi­mentation Control Commission to provide information and assistance to the regulated community and to facilitate communication among personnel of state and local erosion and sedimentation control programs. Past is­sues are on the Land Quality Section web site.
Send comments to Evangelyn Lowery-Jacobs, NCDENR-Land Quality, 1612
Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1612. Email: evangelyn.lowery-jacobs@ncdenr.gov.
To receive Sediments electronically, please see page 1 for list service instructions or con­tact bonnie_kurth@ncsu.edu or (919) 515-3723.
Personnel of the Land Quality Section of the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources provide information and assistance for implementation of the NC Erosion and Sedimentation Control Program. For assis­tance, please contact the Regional Engineer or the Raleigh headquarters listed below:
TBA
2090 US Hwy 70
Swannanoa, NC 28778
(828) 296-4500
Steve Cook, CPESC
225 Green Street, Suite 714
Fayetteville, NC 28301
(910) 433-3300
Zahid Khan
610 East Center Ave., Suite 301
Mooresville, NC 28115
(704) 663-1699
John Holley, PE
3800 Barrett Drive, Suite 101
Raleigh, NC 27609
(919) 791-4200
Pat McClain, PE
943 Washington Sq. Mall
Washington, NC 27889
(252) 946-6481
Dan Sams, PE
127 Cardinal Dr. Ext.
Wilmington, NC 28405-3845
(910) 796-7215
Matt Gantt, PE
585 Waughtown St.
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
(336) 771-5000
Gray Hauser, PE
Raleigh Central Office
512 N. Salisbury St., 1612 MSC
Raleigh, NC 27699-1612
(919) 733-4574
NC Sedimentation Control Commission: May Actions
At its meeting on May 20, 2010 the NC Sedimentation Control Commis­sion (SCC) took the following actions:
Delegated Local Programs
• Town of Kitty Hawk: Approved the continuation of Local Delegation of erosion and sediment control (ES&C) programs.
• Town of Kill Devil Hills: Approved the continuation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Nags Head: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• City of Jacksonville: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• City of Raleigh: Approved the continua­tion of Local Delegation.
• City of Newton: Approved the continua­tion of Local Delegation.
• Catawba County: Approved the contin­uation of Local Delegation.
• Iredell County: Approved the continua­tion of Local Delegation.
• Cabarrus County: The County sur­rendered their Local Program. The Mooresville Regional Office has re­sumed responsibility for the county’s ES&C program.
Adoption of Draft Rules for Design Standards in the Falls Lake Water­shed and Permanent Ground Cover.
• Four draft standards for erosion con­trol for the Upper Neuse River Basin/Falls Lake Watershed were approved to proceed to the public comment pro­cess based upon recommendations by the Technical Advisory Commit­tee (TAC). These draft standards are similar to those already developed for water supply watersheds throughout the State, except the forth standard has a 10-day limit for establishing ground cover. The SCC is required to develop and adopt rules for the Falls Lake wa­tershed by December 1, 2011. The four draft standards include (standards 1-3 are paraphrased):
1. Erosion and sedimentation control measures shall be planned, designed, and constructed to provide protection from the 25-year storm event (paraphrased);
2. Sediment basins shall be constructed so that an estimated 70% of larger soil particles (40-micron or greater) will be captured for a 2-year storm (paraphrased);
3. Newly constructed open channels shall have no steeper side slopes than 2:1 slopes if vegetative cover is used for stabilization; steeper side slopes are permitted if soil or geologic conditions ensure stabilized side slopes by using mechanical devices, structural devices, or acceptable ditch liners. In any event, the angle for side slopes shall be sufficient to restrain accelerated erosion (paraphrased).
4. Stabilization of disturbed areas shall be provided within 10 calendar days wherever land-disturbing activities have ceased, or have temporarily ceased on any portion of the site and will not resume for a period exceeding 14 calendar days. Extensions may be approved by the Sedimentation Control Commission or a local government that administers an erosion and sedimentation control program approved under G.S. 113A-60 (actual proposed standard)
Adoption of Draft Rules for Tem­porary and Permanent Ground Cover.
• Approved draft amendments to proceed to the public hearing process. These amend the existing statutes and rules regarding ground cover to comply with the EPA’s Effluent Limit Guidelines (ELG) that will require after August 3, 2011 all construction sites not being ac­tively graded to be stabilized within 14 days or less. The current NC Rule 15A, NCAC 04B .0107 establishes a time pe­riod of 15 working days or 90 calendar days upon completion of construction, whichever period is shorter except as provided in 0401 24(e) which are the high quality water standards (shorter of 15 working days or 60 calendar days). The proposed draft rule is:
15 NCAC 04B .0107 (b) Pursuant to G.S. 113A-57(3), a temporary or permanent ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion shall be provided within 14 calendar days wherever land-disturbing activities have permanently ceased on any portion of the site. Permanent ground cover sufficient to
continued on page 43
The North Carolina
Sedimentation Control
Commission
The Sedimentation Control Commission (SCC) was created to administer the Sedimentation Control Program pursuant to the NC Sedimen­tation Pollution Control Act of 1973 (SPCA). It is charged with adopting rules, setting standards, and providing guidance for implementation of the Act. The composition of the Commission is set by statute to encompass a broad range of perspectives and expertise in areas related to construction, industry, government, and natural resource conservation and quality. All members are appointed by the Governor and serve three-year terms, except for the Director of the Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina, who serves as long as he remains Director. The chairman of the SCC is named by the Governor. The following is a list of current members with the organizations they represent:
Chair:
Robin Smith
Burnsville
Non-governmental Conservation
Commissioners:
Elaine C. Chiosso
Bynum
Non-governmental Conservation
Tommy Esqueda
Wake County
NC Association of County Commissioners
Joseph E. Glass
Fayetteville
Professional Engineers of NC
Kevin Martin
Franklinton
NC Environmental Management Commission
Rich McLaughlin
Raleigh
NC State University, Dept. of Soil Science
John William Miller, Jr.
Burnsville
NC Mining Commission
Randy Veltri
Charlotte
NC Public Utilities
Richard Vick
Wilson
Carolinas Associated General Contractors
Michael P. Voiland
Raleigh
Water Resources Research Institute of
The University of North Carolina
Rob Weintraub
Wake Forest
NC Home Builders Association
Manly West
Moyock
NC Soil and Water Conservation Commission
LQS Personnel Changes
Brad Cole transferred from the Raleigh Regional Office to the Raleigh Central Of­fice on April 12, 2010 and is now an As­sistant State Dam Safety Engineer
Deborah Williams started on April 19, 2010 as Program Assistant to the Sediment Program and Dam Safety Program in the Raleigh Central Office
Roger King started on May 3, 2010 as Program Assistant in the Dam Safety Pro­gram in the Raleigh Central Office
Evangelyn Lowery-Jacobs transferred from the Fayetteville Regional Office to the Raleigh Central Office on September 1, 2010 and is now the Sediment Educa­tion Specialist
Janet Boyer, Regional Engineer of the Asheville Regional Office, was promoted to State Mining Specialist in the Raleigh Central Office on December 9, 2010
The following nine (9) personnel left the Land Quality Section on September 30, 2010 because of a reduction in force (RIF):
Jason Fulton, Environmental Specialist, Asheville Regional Office
Andrew Schneider, Assistant Regional Engineer, Mooresville Regional Office
Michael Hedrick, Environmental Spe­cialist, Mooresville Regional Office
Chad Broadway, Environmental Special­ist, Mooresville Regional Office
Jennifer Fickler, Environmental Special­ist, Mooresville Regional Office
Clif Whitfield, Assistant Regional Engi­neer, Winston-Salem Regional Office
Neil Uldrick, Environmental Specialist, Winston-Salem Regional Office
Ryan Locklear, Environmental Special­ist, Fayetteville Regional Office
Paul Worthington, Environmental Spe­cialist, Wilmington Regional OfficeLandscape Architect responsible for sit­ing and permitting Power Delivery Elec­trical Facilities. Mr. Veltri has 29 years of experience in siting and permitting. .
Manly West
Manly West is the Chairman for the N.C. Soil and Water Conservation Commis­sioners, representing the Coastal Region. Mr. West is an elected soil and water su­pervisor for Currituck County, one of five counties that make up the Albemarle Soil & Water Conservation District, for which he has served as supervisor since 1987. A Currituck native, Mr. West is employed in information systems management for the federal government and also operates his own farm, which has been worked con­tinuously by his family since the American Revolution. He has served in the U.S. Coast Guard, currently sits on the Currituck Co. Planning Board, and is active in his local church. Mr. West is married, with one son.
Kevin Martin
Kevin Martin is a member of the Environ­mental Management Commission (EMC). Mr. Martin is a N.C. Licensed Soil Scientist; Professional Wetland Scientist, Registered Professional Soil Scientist, N.C. Certified Waste Water Treatment Plant Operator, and N.C. Certified Sub-Surface System Opera­tor. Since 1989, he has been the Co-founder and Principal of Soil & Environmental Con­sultants, PA, specializing in soil/site evalua­tion for on-site waste disposal, flood hazard soils and wetland consulting, well sampling and analysis, physical and chemical soils analysis, computer modeling, environmen­tal assessments and other environmental analysis. Mr. Martin received his BS in 1980 in Conservation, Soil Science Concen­tration, NCSU and his MS in 1987 in Soil Science, Civil Engineering Minor, NCSU.
Rich McLaughlin
Rich McLaughlin is a Professor and Ex­tension Specialist in the Dept. of Soil Science at NC State University. Dr. McLaughlin focuses on erosion, sedi­ment, and turbidity control from con­struction sites. Simple, inexpensive tur­bidity reduction systems developed by McLaughlin and colleagues were recently cited by USEPA as methods to achieve the Effluent Limit Guideline rule regulat­ing turbidity in construction site runoff.
v
New SCC Members
Randy Veltri
Randy Veltri is a Manager for Siting and Site Development at Duke Energy, Char­lotte, NC. Mr. Veltri’s graduated from West Virginia University and is a registered 4
to establish the Western North Caro­lina Erosion, Sediment and Turbidity Control Training and Demonstration Site ($19,550; up to $27,550 if funds are available) at the Mountain Horti­cultural Crops Research and Extension Center. This would provide a site in the western part of the state similar to the Sediment and Erosion Control Re­search and Demonstration Facility at the Lake Wheeler Road Field Labora­tory. This site would be utilized in the upcoming E&SC Design Professionals Workshops.
• Reallocate unspent education funds in the current year that ended June 2010 ($47,212) to assist with Land Quality Section operations such as regional of­fice rent, travel and supplies.
Technical Advisory Committee
• Approved three additional members for the SCC Technical Advisory Commit­tee: Fred Grogan, Craig Wyant, and Robert Hastings. The current com­mittee members are: Greg Jennings (PE, PhD, NCSU, Biological and Ag Engineering), Kenny Waldroup (City of Raleigh Public Utilities), Curtis J. Richardson (PhD, Duke, Resource Ecology), Rich McLaughlin (PhD, NCSU, Soil Science), Kevin Martin (LSS, Soil Science consultant), Berry Jenkins (PE, Association of General Contractors), David Harris (PE, NC­DOT Roadside Erosion Control and Vegetation Management), Mark Se­nior (PE, City of Raleigh Stormwater), Mark A. Taylor (PE, Engineering con­sultant), Mack Little (RLA, Landscape Architecture consultant), Fred Grogan Landscape Architect), Craig Wyant (Landscape Architect), Robert Hastings (Water Resources), Fred Roger Watson (PE, Metropolitan Sewerage District of Buncombe County), Chris Roberts (PE, Durham County, Division Man­ager Sedimentation & Erosion Control Division), Wyatt L. Brown (LSS, NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program, and Jimmy Kizer (PE, Engineering consul­tant). The Technical Advisory Com­mittee’s roles include being a technical advisory for the development of draft rules for the Falls Reservoir and Upper Neuse River water supply and evaluat­ing potential revisions to the Sediment and Erosion Control Manual. v
restrain erosion must be established within 60 calendar days following completion of construction or development, other than small disturbances (less than one-half acre), except that permanent ground cover suffi­cient to restrain erosion must be established within 90 calendar days following comple­tion of construction or development, other than small disturbances (less than one-half acre), in the following counties: Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Hay­wood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madi­son, McDowell, Mitchell, Polk, Rutherford, Surry, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Wil­kes and Yancey; and except as provided in 15A NCAC 4B .0124(e). Extensions may be approved by the Sedimentation Control Commission or a local government that administers an erosion and sedimentation control program approved under G.S. 113A-60. Such extensions may be due to natural factors that impede the seeding process.
Education Projects:
• Funded North Carolina State University to continue electronic production (web-posting and listserv) of the Sediments newsletter ($17,020). The Sediments newsletter will be produced semi-an­nually (reduced from quarterly), with summaries of the SCC meeting actions disseminated via the Sediments listserv in between these issues.
• Funded WRRI to continue support for the Annual Workshop and Awards ban­quet for the Local Erosion and Control Programs, including meeting facility and attendee travel ($65,918).
• Funded WRRI to support the NC Sedi­mentation Control Commission (SCC) and NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources –Division of Land Resources, Land Quality Section (DENR-LQS) staff by providing assis­tance in the continuation of workshops for Design Professionals Training. Four workshops were funded, two in Raleigh and two at the Mountain Horti­cultural Crops Research and Extension Center in Mills River, near Asheville) ($28,472). This year’s funding includes a partnership with Dr. McLaughlin to provide classroom and field demonstra­tion instruction on turbidity control for one day of the two-day workshops.
• Funded North Carolina State University
SCC May Actions continued from page 2
NC Sedimentation Control Commission: August Actions
At its meeting on August 19, 2010 the NC Sedimentation Control Commis­sion (SCC) took the following actions:
Delegated Local Programs:
• City of Monroe: Approved the continua­tion of Local Delegation of erosion and sediment control (ES&C) programs.
• Haywood County: Approved the expan­sion of the Local Delegation jurisdic­tion of Haywood County to include the Town of Clyde.
SCC Members (Informational Item)
• SCC members: Randy Veltri will rep­resent local government utilities, Mr. West will represent the NC Soil and Water Conservation Commission, and Rich McLaughlin will represent NCSU Soil Science Department.
• Exiting members: Buzz Bryson, Grover McPherson, Joseph Kleiss, and Donnie Brewer.
• New Chair: Robin Smith v
NC Sedimentation Control Commission: November Actions
At its meeting on November 30, 2010 the NC Sedimentation Control Commis­sion (SCC) took the following actions:
Delegated Local Programs:
• NC Department of Transportation: Approved the continuation of Local Delegation of erosion and sediment control (ES&C) programs. NCDOT was praised for their certification train­ing for contractors and exceptional sediment and erosion control on the Western Wake Turnpike project. The following recommendations were noted in the Administrative review:
◦◦For sediment basins, DOT should update their skimmer details to show the PVC barrel pipe on floating skimmers should be at least 6 feet long. The orifice plate on the barrel
continued on page 55
of the skimmer should be checked as part of each self-inspection. Fabric linings of spillways should be carefully shingled (overlapped) and pinned. Interior slopes should be no steeper than 1.5:1 and the slopes should be stabilized with vegetation; matting is recommended. Drawings of the proposed contours are recommended in steep terrain to minimize the destabilization of adjacent steep slopes.
◦◦For slope stabilization, graded slopes and fill need adequate seedbed preparation.
◦◦For cutting and clearing within trout buffer areas, NCDOT shall consider tree clearing (even if stumps remain), as a disturbance requiring a trout buffer zone variance.
• Gaston County: Approved the change in Gaston County’s ordinance to ex­pand the Environmental Review Board to include 3 new members, one from the Gaston County Homebuilders As­sociation and 2 developers nominated by the Gaston County Homebuilders Association. The current composition includes representatives from a par­ticipating municipality, Gaston County Soil and Water Conservation District, Gaston County Quality of Natural Re­source Commission, Gaston County Chamber of Commerce, one Township representative appointed by the Gaston County Board of Commissioners, and a NC registered professional engineer.
• Jackson County: Approved a continua­tion of the review of Local Delegation until February 2011. The county is not taking effective enforcement action against sites with significant violations, notably for inadequate ground cover.
• Macon County: Approved the continu­ation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Highlands: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Boone: Approved the continua­tion of Local Delegation.
• Watauga County: Approved a continu­ation of the review of the Local Del­egation with an update from LQS in February 2011 and a follow-up review by May 2011. The Winston Salem Re­gional Office will assist the County to improve organization and structure, increase training of staff regarding ero­sion control reviews, and strengthen the ability to conduct formal inspections and documentations.
• Buncombe County: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• City of Asheville: Approved the contin­uation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Beach Mountain: Approved the continuation of Local Delegation.
• Grandfather Village: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Haywood County: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Lake Lure: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Columbus: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Henderson County: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Durham City/County: Approved the continuation of Local Delegation un­der the condition that the local program evaluates the integrity and consistency of inspection reports while working with the Raleigh Regional Office staff.
Plan Review Fees:
• Passed a resolution to recommend that the NC General Assembly amend the NC Sedimentation Pollution Control Act (SPCA) to increase Plan Review Fees to $170 per disturbed acre or part thereof, as recommended in the report to the Environmental Review Com­mission (ERC); allowing inspection frequency to be increased to 1 inspec­tion every 4 months. (Note: this fee in­crease would not be enough to provide the recommended monthly inspection frequency by the Regional Office staff.)
SCC 2011 Meeting Dates:
• Thursday, February 17
• Tuesday, May 17
• Thursday, August 18
• Tuesday, November 29
Support documents for SCC actions may be found online at
http://dlr.enr.state.nc.us/scc.html v
News from Land
Quality Section
Evangelyn Lowery-Jacobs - new Sedimentation Education Specialist
Ms. Evangelyn Lowery-Jacobs, formerly an Assistant Regional Engineer in the Fay­etteville Regional Office, has transferred to Sedimentation Education Specialist in the Raleigh Central Office. This position is re­sponsible for implementing the training and education programs of the Sedimentation Control Commission statewide.
Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop
By Nicole Saladin, Coordinator for
Research & Outreach, Water Resources Research Institute, NC State University
In spite of a slow economy, urban and subur­ban developments are beginning to increase. Overall, development has occurred at un­precedented rates in recent decades. While development brings many opportunities, it also poses challenges to those who manage land and water resources, as well as to all the citizens who depend on those resources.
Urban landscapes contribute a variety of pollutants to local waterways, including heavy metals and oils from paved sur­faces, nutrients from landscaping prac­tices, and sediment from exposed and eroding soils. Sediment has been identi­fied as the number one water pollutant in the country, and much of this comes from improper development practices that do not properly stabilize exposed soils dur­ing and after the construction process.
As regulations regarding land use practices and water quality are constantly updated and new technologies emerge, it is important for practitioners to understand the issues associated with sediment and erosion control, as well as the regulations that address those issues, and industry best practices for satisfying those regulations in the field. To help those practitioners – site designers, developers, contractors, surveyors, other engineers, and even regulators themselves stay up to date on this information, NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) Division of Land
SCC November Actions continued from page 4
continued on page 6
To report possible violations of the NC SPCA call
1-866-STOPMUD 786-76836
information on the workshops, such as agendas, presentations, and registration for the spring can be found at http://www.ncsu.edu/wrri/events/esc_workshops/pastescworkshops.html.
Photos are from the new training center at the Mountain Horticulture Crops Research and Extension Center. Workshop sponsors include: North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Divi­sion of Land Resources - Land Quality Section, and Water Resources Research Institute of The University of North Carolina. v
Another Home Builder Settles with USEPA for Clean Water Violations
Beazer Homes USA, Inc. has agreed to pay a $925,000 civil penalty for erosion and sediment control violations in 21 states. The lawsuit covers 362 sites in twen­ty one states; 46 sites are located in North Carolina. As part of the settlement, Beaz­er will also implement a company-wide stormwater program to improve compli­ance with stormwater requirements at current and future construction sites around the country. Details on the Beazer Settlement are at: http://www.epa.gov/compli­ance/resources/cases/civil/cwa/beazer.html. For a summary of other settlements with other home builders, see the November 2009 Sediments Vol. 16(3) newsletter at:
http://www.dlr.enr.state.nc.us/pages/sedimentationnewsletters.html. v
Resources partnered with the Water Resources Research Institute to host a series of two-day workshops aimed at erosion and sediment control, as part of the NC Sedimentation Control Program’s educational efforts.
In October, 76 practitioners gathered at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station in Mills River NC. In November, another 87 participants attended the work­shop in Raleigh, where presentations were given at the Brownstone Hotel with a field trip on day two to NC State University’s Lake Wheeler Research Station. In the classroom, participants learned from NC DENR staff and other experts about regu­lations, such as the Proposed Falls Lake Rules and trout buffer disturbances, storm­water best management practices, and land stabilization practices, such as the use of regionally appropriate vegetative cover and chemical applications such as polyacryl­amides (PAM). On day two of each work­shop, participants were guided in the field by Melanie McCaleb and Rich McLaughlin of NC State University’s Department of Soil Science. They were given hands-on dem­onstrations on the use of PAM for sediment control using a variety of passive and active dosing treatments. Fiber check dams, a pas­sive approach to dosing, were used along the newly constructed demonstration site at the Mountain Horticulture Site to show the effects of PAM on turbidity control (Figure 1). PAM was also used in conjunction with different types of ground cover applications to demonstrate the ability to reduce ero­sion and sediment loading rates (Figure 2).
Another series of workshops will be held in spring 2011, where participants will get an­other opportunity to tour the Fletcher and Ra­leigh research facilities, and prepare them­selves and their colleagues for new regula­tions and learn new methods to help protect the state’s land and water resources. More
Figure 1. Wattles installed with PAM.
IECA’s Environmental Connection - The World’s Largest Soil & Water Event!
February 20-23, 2011
Disney’s Coronado Springs Resort - Orlando, Florida USA
The premier educational event for the erosion and sediment control industry. Environmental Connection has more erosion, sediment control, and stormwater focused training, technology and networking events than any other event. Over 4 days, Environmental Connection provides peer–reviewed education, products and technology which address eight technology sections:
• Slope Stabilization • Wetlands Technology
• Stream Restoration • Erosion and Sediment Control
• Vegetative Establishment • Beach and Shoreline Stabilization
• Stormwater Management • Wind Erosion Technology
Information: http://www.ieca.org/conference/annual/ec.asp
Figure 2. Participants “raining” on different ground cover applications.
Planning and Design Workshops contin­ued from page 57
Figure 1. Total solids removal efficiency for diam 8 in (20.3cm) coarse SiltSoxx (SS), 12 in (30.5cm diam) coarse SiltSoxx, and 24 in (61cm) silt fence (SF) with a height of 18” (45.7 cm) above the flume, with corresponding flow rates. The standard error of the means for each treatment is shown. Flow rates tested were 2, 4, and 5 gpm (0.126, 0.252, and 0.315 L/s) (Keener et al, 2007).
Sediment Control BMPs continued from page 1
Added material
Test designation
Total
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
Sediment (dry weight, lb)
95
75
60
55
95
380
Organics*(1-gal container
3
3
3
3
3
15
Metal (Soda Cans)
5
5
5
5
5
25
Plastic Bottles
3
3
3
3
3
15
Plastic Shopping Bag
1
1
1
1
1
5
Cigarettes Butts (Cup)
1
1
1
1
1
5
Cigarettes Box
1
1
1
1
1
5
Leaves and twigs.
Table 1. Materials added to BMPs for each test (Al-Hamdan et al. 2007).
Baysaver®
CDS®
Stormceptor®
Material
Primary Storage sump sump
Total
Inlet Pipe
Fiber glass/ inlet to screen Sump
After screen
Total
Fiber grass Sump Total
Sediment (dry-wt.), lb
135.1
49.4
184.5
7.3
72.7
50.9
62.8
193.75
0.38
254.75
255.13
Organics (1-gal container)
3.8
6.7
10.5
1.5
7.4
3.9
0
12.8
0
11.8
11.8
Metal (Soda Cans)
7
15
22
0
12
13
0
25
0
24
24
Plastic Bottles
6
7
13
0
8
7
0
15
1
0
1
Plastic Shopping Bag
1
2
3
0
2
3
0
5
0
3
3
Cigarettes Butts, Cup
1.6
1.9
3.5
0.2
1.9
2.2
0
4.3
0.1
3.9
3.9
Cigarettes Box
1
3
4
0
2
3
0
5
0
5
5
Table 2. Captured materials by BMPs at the end of testing (Al-Hamdan et al. 2007).
continued on page 88
was adjacent to a two mile construction site (Cleveland and Fashokun, 2006). A rock filter dam was installed of unspecified ma­terials, most likely rock of 3-5” diameter based on Texas DOT specifications and the picture provided. Water samples were ob­tained “upstream” and “downstream” of the dam over the course of two years and 142 sampling visits. Overall, total suspended solids were not reduced by the placement of this dam. The upstream TSS during storm conditions was actually less than that of the downstream samples. This could have been due to the ability of water flow to re-suspend already deposited sediment in the ditch line or within the dam. They also determined that the sediment load in the ditch was increased six fold once con­struction was initiated. Interestingly, the storm sediment concentrations were high­est during the post-construction monitoring.
While there was no evidence of treatment in the water samples, the authors did note clear evidence of sediment being trapped up­stream of the rock dam. This suggests that the sampling design did not fully capture the effects of the dam, and they indicated that sampling the solids above the dam should be included in future research projects.
Stormwater Pollution Control Show­down: Baysaver, CDS, and Stormceptor.
A study conducted in the central part of Florida investigated the effectiveness of three urban pollution control devices in re­moving sediment, nutrients, metals, and lit­ter from entering storm drains (Al-Hamdan et al, 2007). The experiments were con­ducted at 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20 percent of the designed flow capacity for each device. The three devices were the Baysaver (max. 0.048 cubic meters per second (cms), or 1.7 cubic feet per second (cfs)), the CDS (max. 0.042 cms or 1.5 cfs), and the Stormcep­tor (max. 0.045 cms or 1.6 cfs). Storm­water from a retention pond was used with 172 kg (380 lbs) street sweepings from the city and fine sediments from a lake to add to the sediment concentrations (Table 1). For each device, paired influent and ef­fluent samples were collected during the five tests and water quality samples were taken both before and after the devices.
Total suspended solid load reductions for Baysaver, CDS, and Stormceptor were 62, 71, and 83 percent respective­ly. This was based on an average of 100 and 200 mg/L of fine sediments having been added to the water. More fine sedi­ments were captured by Stormceptor than the others and all the devices performed well in trapping the larger litter (Table 2).
Total nitrogen change in the Stormceptor was an increase of 27 percent, while Bay­saver and CDS had increases in nitrate and nitrite. The increase in these concentrations in the effluent samples may have been due to aerobic degradation of organic materi­als by bacteria in the system. Nitrogen is usually more of a problem in coastal areas, where it can cause algal blooms in brack­ish or salt water systems. Phosphorous, which can cause algal blooms in fresh water systems, was reduced by the Stormceptor slightly more CDS device, likely due to the greater solids trapping of the former.
Phosphorous tends to bind to find sediment and so more sediment trapping will usually result in more phosphorus trapping. On av­erage all three devices performed similarly in reducing the three heavy metals studied: copper, chromium, and iron. For Baysaver, chromium, copper, and iron removal rates were 57, 9, and 56 percent respectively. CDS had removal rates of 63, 7, and 40 percent, and for Stormceptor removal rates were 54, 8, 40 percent (Table 3).
Noted in the conclusions of this study was the importance of maintenance of these types of devices. In addition, the ease of installation of such devices may be a fac­tor. For instance, the riser of the Stormcep­tor needed a crane to install it, while a front end loader was used to install the remain­ing devices. Both the ease and frequency of maintenance were also mentioned as factors in selecting storm water treatment devices. Much more detailed information such as particle size distribution and location of sediment in the devices, plus trapping of cans, bottles, cigarette butts, and other ma­terials, is presented in this comprehensive paper.
The information on this article was also uti­lized in a recent IECA Environmental Con­nection article.
References
Al-Hamdan, A.Z., F. Nnadi, M. Romah. 2007. Performance reconnaissance of stormwater proprietary best management practices. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 42:4, 427-437.
Cleveland, T.G., A. Fashokun. 2006. Construction-associated solids loads with a temporary sediment control BMP. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 132:10.
Keener, H.M., B. Faucette, M. Klingman. 2007. Flow-through rates and evaluation of solids separation of compost filter socks versus silt fence in sediment control applications. Journal of Environmental Quality. 36:742-752.
v
Load Reduction (%)
Pollutant
Baysaver®
CDS®
Stormceptor®
Cadmium
N/A
N/A
N/A
Chromium
57.2
62.9
54.3
Copper
8.8
7.3
7.6
Iron
56.3
40.1
39.2
Lead
N/A
N/A
N/A
Nickel
N/A
N/A
N/A
Zinc
2.4
12.0
-1.8
Phosphorus, total
58.8
56.1
60.8
Phosphorus, Ortho
N/A
N/A
N/A
Total Nitrogen
5.0
28.4
-10.8
Nitrate/Nitrite as N
-15.7
-8.7
4.5
Residue, filterable (TDS)
6.9
2.3
31.2
Residue, Non-filerable (TSS)
62.2
71.2
83.0
*N/A= not available because of the undetected concentrations in the influent or/and effluent.
Table 3. Load reductions of the water quality constituents (Al-Hamdan et al. 2007).
Sediment Control BMPs cont’d from p. 79
New Self-Inspection Program for Erosion and Sedimentation Control
Effective October 1, 2010, persons conduct­ing land-disturbing activities larger than one acre must inspect their project after each phase of the project, and document the inspection in writing. Land Quality Section has provided some FAQs to assist in this process.
Does this only apply to projects approved after October 1, 2010?
No, it applies to both old and new projects.
Who can conduct the inspection? The fi­nancially responsible party, landowner or their agent may conduct the inspection.
Is a special certification required to do the inspection? No
What is the goal of the self-inspection program? To make sure that the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan is being followed, including the installation and maintenance of measures, and the pro­vision of ground cover in a timely manner.
What has to be inspected? All of the ero­sion and sedimentation control measures, including sedimentation control basins, sed­imentation traps, sedimentation ponds, rock dams, temporary diversions, temporary slope drains, rock check dams, sediment fence or barriers, all forms of inlet protec­tion, storm drainage facilities, energy dis­sipaters, and stabilization methods of open channels must be inspected.
What else has to be checked? The need for ground cover should be checked. Tem­porary or permanent ground cover must be provided on exposed graded slopes and fills within 21 calendar days of the completion of a phase of grading. Permanent ground cover must be provided within 15 working days or 90 calendar days (60 days in HQW zones), whichever term is shorter, upon the completion of construction or development.
Do newly installed sedimentation con­trol basins have to be measured? Yes, the actual dimensions of the basins have to be checked, usually with a tape measure, and compared to the dimensions on the ap­proved plan.
Do newly installed sedimentation control basins have to be measured by a Profes­sional Land Surveyor? No. Generally the width and length of basins can be measured with a tape measure. A level and survey rod may be useful in checking the depth of a basin. Only relative elevations, comparing the bottom and top elevations are necessary.
What is a significant deviation from the approved plan? A significant deviation means an omission, alteration or reloca­tion of an erosion or sedimentation control measure that prevents the measure from performing as intended. If the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan can­not be followed, a revised plan should be submitted for review.
Does it require a special form? A “Self-Inspection Report for Land Disturbing Ac­tivity as Required by NCGS 113A-54.1” is available for use. It can be completed by hand or completed as an Excel spread­sheet. An alternative is to make notations on the copy of the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan that is kept on the project site. Rule 15A NCAC 04B. 0131 states that “… documentation shall be ac­complished by initialing and dating each measure or practice shown on a copy of the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan or by completing, dating and signing an inspection report that lists each measure, practice or device shown on the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan.”
Can I just use the NPDES Self-Monitor­ing Report? The NPDES Self-Monitoring Report may only be used to report that the maintenance and repair requirements for all temporary and permanent erosion and sedi­mentation control measures, practices and devices have been performed.
When do the inspections have to be done? Unlike the NPDES Self-Monitoring Report, the Self-Inspection Report for Land-Dis­turbing Activity does not have to be weekly. Rather, this report is completed after each phase of the approved erosion and sedimen­tation control plan is complete. Not every project will have all the possible phases, but the list of phases includes the following:
• Installation of perimeter erosion and sediment control measures
• Clearing and grubbing of existing ground cover
• Completion of any phase of grading of slopes or fills
• Installation of storm drainage facilities
• Completion of construction or develop­ment
• Establishment of permanent ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion.
Where do I mail the report? Do not mail the report. The records must be made avail­able to the erosion control inspector at the site. Any documentation of inspections that occur on a copy of the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan shall occur on a single copy of the plan and that plan shall be made available on the site. Any inspec­tion reports shall also be made available on the site.
Additional links, including the required Self-Inspection Report for Land Disturbing Activities and an Excel spreadsheet with the Self-Inspection Report Worksheet can be found at:
http://www.dlr.enr.state.nc.us/pages/sedi­mentation_new.html
The Self-Inspection Rules can be found at:
http://reports.oah.state.nc.us/ncac.asp
and entering: 15A NCAC 04B 0131
or Click this link to view the updated rules for self inspection. v
EPA Effluent Limitations Guideline (ELG)-Update
In August 2010 USEPA announced it is re-evaluating the 280 NTU Effluent Limitations Guideline (ELG) for construction sites disturbing 10 or more acres. This action was a result of a lawsuit filed by the National Association of Home Builders and petition filed by the Federal Small Business Administration. An updated numeric standard is expected to be released by the end of 2011. While the ruling delayed the issuance of a numeric limit, the other requirements of the ELG remain in place. EPA is expected to issue interim stormwater management guidance for construction site operators as the agency works to refine the rule. Additional information:
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/guide/construction/.
The other requirements are summarized in Sediments Vol 16(4) and includes stabilization within 14 days on all construction sites and sampling of discharges for all sites 10 acres or more.Newsletter of the North Carolina
Sedimentation Control Commission
c/o NCSU Water Quality Group
Campus Box 7637
Raleigh, NC 27695-7619
Calendar of Events
1/18/2011
Level I & II Recertification: Erosion &
Sediment Control/Stormwater Recertifica­tion, Raleigh, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
3/22-23/2011
2011 Water Resources Research
Institute’s Annual Conference, Raleigh, NC Abstracts Due Feb. 4.
http://www.ncsu.edu/wrri/conference/
1/19/2011
Level II: Erosion & Sediment Control /Stormwater Site Management, Raleigh, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
4/5-6/2011
Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Workshop, Mills River, NC http://www.ncsu.edu/wrri/
1/20/2011
Level I: Erosion & Sediment Control /
Stormwater Site Management, Raleigh, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
5/10/2011
Level I & II Recertification: Erosion & Sediment Control/Stormwater Recertifica­tion, Mills River, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
1/26-27/, 2011
Local Programs Workshop, Raleigh, NC. (Limited to Local Program staff)
5/11/2011
Level II: Erosion & Sediment Control/Stormwater Site Management, Mills River, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
1/31-2/1, 2011
2011 Land Grant & Sea Grant National
Water Conference. Washington, DC. http://www.usawaterquality.org/conferenc­es/2011/default.html
5/12/2011
Level I: Erosion & Sediment Control/Stormwater Site Management, Mills River, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
2/20-23, 2011
IECA Annual Environmental Connection. Orlando, FL. http://www.ieca.org/conference/annual/ec.asp
5/23-25, 2011
American Ecological Engineering Society Meeting, Asheville, NChttp://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/aees/
3/01/2011
Level III-A: Design of Erosion & Sediment Control Plans, Raleigh, NChttp://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
6/17-20/2011
2011 Soil and Water Conservation Society (SWCS) International Annual Conference, Washington, DC. Abstracts Due Dec. 17. http://www.swcs.org/en/conferences/2011_an­nual_conference/
3/02/2011
Level III-B: Design of Erosion & Sediment Control for Reclamation Plans, Raleigh, NChttp://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
9/25-28, 2011
Low Impact Development Symposium and National Nonpoint Source Monitoring Workshop, Philadelphia, PA http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater/2011lid/
3/8-9/2011
Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Workshop, Raleigh, NC http://www.ncsu.edu/wrri/

Newsletter of the North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission
Sediment Control BMPs: Comparing
Effectiveness of New and Old Technologies
2 May Actions of the NC SCC
3 LQS Personnel Changes
3 New SCC Members
4 August and November Actions SCC
5 New Sedimentation Educ. Specialist
5 LQS E&SC Workshops
6 EPA and Homebuilder’s Settlement
6 IECA 2011
9 EPA
9 New Self-Inspection Program
10 Calendar of Events
State of North Carolina,
Department of Environment & Natural Resources
Dee Freeman, Secretary
Land Quality Section, Division of Land Resources
James D. Simons, Director and State Geologist
Vol 17 No 3 l June 2010 - December 2010
GET SEDIMENTS On-line
SEDIMENTS is a newsletter published quarterly by the N.C. Sedimentation Control Commission to provide informa­tion and assistance to the regulated com­munity and to facilitate communication among personnel of state and local ero­sion and sedimentation control programs. SEDIMENTS is available in electronic form at: http://www.dlr.enr.state.nc.us/pages/sedimentationnewsletters.html.
To subscribe to the listserv:
1. In the “To:” field, type:
mj2@lists.ncsu.edu
2. Leave the “Subject:” blank.
3. To subscribe, type “subscribe sedi­ments” in the body of the message.
In This Issue
By Richard A. McLaughlin, Ph.D., and Melanie McCaleb, MS, CPESC, Soil Science Department, NC State University, Raleigh, NC
Compost socks vs. silt fence - The use of silt fence has been a main­stay in the sediment and erosion control industry as an inexpensive material for controlling sediment on construction sites. New technologies have made their ways into the market with the goal of im­proving on the performance and reliability of silt fences. A study was conducted at the Ohio Agriculture Research and Devel­opment Center’s (OARDC) Composting Research Center in Wooster, OH, to com­pare silt fence and compost socks for re­moving sediment and to pond water under controlled conditions (Keener et al, 2007). Also determined were the effects of sock diameter (8, 12, and 18”) and coarseness (fine grade < 0.0661” and coarse grade > 0.5”) of the material used to fill the socks. The test was conducted in a flume tilted to slopes of either 11 or 22 percent. Measure­ments of the discharged flow rates were calculated with clear water and with wa­ter containing almost 1 percent added soil. The testing done with clear water showed a relatively consistent flow-through rate for both silt fence and compost socks. The rate of flow-through was related to the depth of ponded water behind the socks. Clear wa­ter flow rates were increased nearly 4 times when coarse material was used in the sock compared to fine material, and was roughly the same compared to silt fence. When sediment-laden water was used, the amount of sediment accumulating on/in the devices increased, reducing flow and eventually leading to the overtopping of the devices. Tests with sediment-laden water showed the coarse compost socks of both 12” and 18” diameter took much longer to overtop than a 30” silt fence when flows were less than 5 gallons per minute per foot. At higher flow rates, all of the devices overtopped quickly. The 8” diameter coarse compost sock was equal in performance to a (shorter) 18” silt fence as measured by time to overtopping.
Total sediment removal efficiency percent­age was 50.0, 34.7, and 29.3 at in-flow rates of 2, 4, and 5 gpm), respectively, av­eraged across three sediment control devic­es (8’ and 12” compost stock and 24” silt fence). Total sediment removal rates were 30.7, 39.7, and 43.0 percent for the 8” di­ameter silt sock, 12” diameter silt sock, and 24” silt fence respectively when test results for each device were averaged for all flow rates. The 24” silt fence retained statisti­cally significantly more sediment than the 8” coarse compost sock but not compared to the 12” coarse compost sock. (See Fig­ure 1 on page 7).
Are rock filter dams effective compo­nents of SWPPP?
A Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) describes structural and non-structural controls that will be designed and implemented on a site to decrease neg­ative impacts of offsite storm water dis­charges to the environment. The purpose of these installed features is to minimize erosion and to minimize pollutant loading into our waterways. One of the most com­mon features of erosion and sediment con­trol plans, considered part of the SWPPP, are rock dams which slow water flow and allow sediment to drop out of runoff.
A study was conducted around the Hous­ton Texas area on a dry drainage ditch that
continued on page 7 and 82
SEDIMENTS is published by the NC Sedi­mentation Control Commission to provide information and assistance to the regulated community and to facilitate communication among personnel of state and local erosion and sedimentation control programs. Past is­sues are on the Land Quality Section web site.
Send comments to Evangelyn Lowery-Jacobs, NCDENR-Land Quality, 1612
Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1612. Email: evangelyn.lowery-jacobs@ncdenr.gov.
To receive Sediments electronically, please see page 1 for list service instructions or con­tact bonnie_kurth@ncsu.edu or (919) 515-3723.
Personnel of the Land Quality Section of the NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources provide information and assistance for implementation of the NC Erosion and Sedimentation Control Program. For assis­tance, please contact the Regional Engineer or the Raleigh headquarters listed below:
TBA
2090 US Hwy 70
Swannanoa, NC 28778
(828) 296-4500
Steve Cook, CPESC
225 Green Street, Suite 714
Fayetteville, NC 28301
(910) 433-3300
Zahid Khan
610 East Center Ave., Suite 301
Mooresville, NC 28115
(704) 663-1699
John Holley, PE
3800 Barrett Drive, Suite 101
Raleigh, NC 27609
(919) 791-4200
Pat McClain, PE
943 Washington Sq. Mall
Washington, NC 27889
(252) 946-6481
Dan Sams, PE
127 Cardinal Dr. Ext.
Wilmington, NC 28405-3845
(910) 796-7215
Matt Gantt, PE
585 Waughtown St.
Winston-Salem, NC 27107
(336) 771-5000
Gray Hauser, PE
Raleigh Central Office
512 N. Salisbury St., 1612 MSC
Raleigh, NC 27699-1612
(919) 733-4574
NC Sedimentation Control Commission: May Actions
At its meeting on May 20, 2010 the NC Sedimentation Control Commis­sion (SCC) took the following actions:
Delegated Local Programs
• Town of Kitty Hawk: Approved the continuation of Local Delegation of erosion and sediment control (ES&C) programs.
• Town of Kill Devil Hills: Approved the continuation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Nags Head: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• City of Jacksonville: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• City of Raleigh: Approved the continua­tion of Local Delegation.
• City of Newton: Approved the continua­tion of Local Delegation.
• Catawba County: Approved the contin­uation of Local Delegation.
• Iredell County: Approved the continua­tion of Local Delegation.
• Cabarrus County: The County sur­rendered their Local Program. The Mooresville Regional Office has re­sumed responsibility for the county’s ES&C program.
Adoption of Draft Rules for Design Standards in the Falls Lake Water­shed and Permanent Ground Cover.
• Four draft standards for erosion con­trol for the Upper Neuse River Basin/Falls Lake Watershed were approved to proceed to the public comment pro­cess based upon recommendations by the Technical Advisory Commit­tee (TAC). These draft standards are similar to those already developed for water supply watersheds throughout the State, except the forth standard has a 10-day limit for establishing ground cover. The SCC is required to develop and adopt rules for the Falls Lake wa­tershed by December 1, 2011. The four draft standards include (standards 1-3 are paraphrased):
1. Erosion and sedimentation control measures shall be planned, designed, and constructed to provide protection from the 25-year storm event (paraphrased);
2. Sediment basins shall be constructed so that an estimated 70% of larger soil particles (40-micron or greater) will be captured for a 2-year storm (paraphrased);
3. Newly constructed open channels shall have no steeper side slopes than 2:1 slopes if vegetative cover is used for stabilization; steeper side slopes are permitted if soil or geologic conditions ensure stabilized side slopes by using mechanical devices, structural devices, or acceptable ditch liners. In any event, the angle for side slopes shall be sufficient to restrain accelerated erosion (paraphrased).
4. Stabilization of disturbed areas shall be provided within 10 calendar days wherever land-disturbing activities have ceased, or have temporarily ceased on any portion of the site and will not resume for a period exceeding 14 calendar days. Extensions may be approved by the Sedimentation Control Commission or a local government that administers an erosion and sedimentation control program approved under G.S. 113A-60 (actual proposed standard)
Adoption of Draft Rules for Tem­porary and Permanent Ground Cover.
• Approved draft amendments to proceed to the public hearing process. These amend the existing statutes and rules regarding ground cover to comply with the EPA’s Effluent Limit Guidelines (ELG) that will require after August 3, 2011 all construction sites not being ac­tively graded to be stabilized within 14 days or less. The current NC Rule 15A, NCAC 04B .0107 establishes a time pe­riod of 15 working days or 90 calendar days upon completion of construction, whichever period is shorter except as provided in 0401 24(e) which are the high quality water standards (shorter of 15 working days or 60 calendar days). The proposed draft rule is:
15 NCAC 04B .0107 (b) Pursuant to G.S. 113A-57(3), a temporary or permanent ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion shall be provided within 14 calendar days wherever land-disturbing activities have permanently ceased on any portion of the site. Permanent ground cover sufficient to
continued on page 43
The North Carolina
Sedimentation Control
Commission
The Sedimentation Control Commission (SCC) was created to administer the Sedimentation Control Program pursuant to the NC Sedimen­tation Pollution Control Act of 1973 (SPCA). It is charged with adopting rules, setting standards, and providing guidance for implementation of the Act. The composition of the Commission is set by statute to encompass a broad range of perspectives and expertise in areas related to construction, industry, government, and natural resource conservation and quality. All members are appointed by the Governor and serve three-year terms, except for the Director of the Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina, who serves as long as he remains Director. The chairman of the SCC is named by the Governor. The following is a list of current members with the organizations they represent:
Chair:
Robin Smith
Burnsville
Non-governmental Conservation
Commissioners:
Elaine C. Chiosso
Bynum
Non-governmental Conservation
Tommy Esqueda
Wake County
NC Association of County Commissioners
Joseph E. Glass
Fayetteville
Professional Engineers of NC
Kevin Martin
Franklinton
NC Environmental Management Commission
Rich McLaughlin
Raleigh
NC State University, Dept. of Soil Science
John William Miller, Jr.
Burnsville
NC Mining Commission
Randy Veltri
Charlotte
NC Public Utilities
Richard Vick
Wilson
Carolinas Associated General Contractors
Michael P. Voiland
Raleigh
Water Resources Research Institute of
The University of North Carolina
Rob Weintraub
Wake Forest
NC Home Builders Association
Manly West
Moyock
NC Soil and Water Conservation Commission
LQS Personnel Changes
Brad Cole transferred from the Raleigh Regional Office to the Raleigh Central Of­fice on April 12, 2010 and is now an As­sistant State Dam Safety Engineer
Deborah Williams started on April 19, 2010 as Program Assistant to the Sediment Program and Dam Safety Program in the Raleigh Central Office
Roger King started on May 3, 2010 as Program Assistant in the Dam Safety Pro­gram in the Raleigh Central Office
Evangelyn Lowery-Jacobs transferred from the Fayetteville Regional Office to the Raleigh Central Office on September 1, 2010 and is now the Sediment Educa­tion Specialist
Janet Boyer, Regional Engineer of the Asheville Regional Office, was promoted to State Mining Specialist in the Raleigh Central Office on December 9, 2010
The following nine (9) personnel left the Land Quality Section on September 30, 2010 because of a reduction in force (RIF):
Jason Fulton, Environmental Specialist, Asheville Regional Office
Andrew Schneider, Assistant Regional Engineer, Mooresville Regional Office
Michael Hedrick, Environmental Spe­cialist, Mooresville Regional Office
Chad Broadway, Environmental Special­ist, Mooresville Regional Office
Jennifer Fickler, Environmental Special­ist, Mooresville Regional Office
Clif Whitfield, Assistant Regional Engi­neer, Winston-Salem Regional Office
Neil Uldrick, Environmental Specialist, Winston-Salem Regional Office
Ryan Locklear, Environmental Special­ist, Fayetteville Regional Office
Paul Worthington, Environmental Spe­cialist, Wilmington Regional OfficeLandscape Architect responsible for sit­ing and permitting Power Delivery Elec­trical Facilities. Mr. Veltri has 29 years of experience in siting and permitting. .
Manly West
Manly West is the Chairman for the N.C. Soil and Water Conservation Commis­sioners, representing the Coastal Region. Mr. West is an elected soil and water su­pervisor for Currituck County, one of five counties that make up the Albemarle Soil & Water Conservation District, for which he has served as supervisor since 1987. A Currituck native, Mr. West is employed in information systems management for the federal government and also operates his own farm, which has been worked con­tinuously by his family since the American Revolution. He has served in the U.S. Coast Guard, currently sits on the Currituck Co. Planning Board, and is active in his local church. Mr. West is married, with one son.
Kevin Martin
Kevin Martin is a member of the Environ­mental Management Commission (EMC). Mr. Martin is a N.C. Licensed Soil Scientist; Professional Wetland Scientist, Registered Professional Soil Scientist, N.C. Certified Waste Water Treatment Plant Operator, and N.C. Certified Sub-Surface System Opera­tor. Since 1989, he has been the Co-founder and Principal of Soil & Environmental Con­sultants, PA, specializing in soil/site evalua­tion for on-site waste disposal, flood hazard soils and wetland consulting, well sampling and analysis, physical and chemical soils analysis, computer modeling, environmen­tal assessments and other environmental analysis. Mr. Martin received his BS in 1980 in Conservation, Soil Science Concen­tration, NCSU and his MS in 1987 in Soil Science, Civil Engineering Minor, NCSU.
Rich McLaughlin
Rich McLaughlin is a Professor and Ex­tension Specialist in the Dept. of Soil Science at NC State University. Dr. McLaughlin focuses on erosion, sedi­ment, and turbidity control from con­struction sites. Simple, inexpensive tur­bidity reduction systems developed by McLaughlin and colleagues were recently cited by USEPA as methods to achieve the Effluent Limit Guideline rule regulat­ing turbidity in construction site runoff.
v
New SCC Members
Randy Veltri
Randy Veltri is a Manager for Siting and Site Development at Duke Energy, Char­lotte, NC. Mr. Veltri’s graduated from West Virginia University and is a registered 4
to establish the Western North Caro­lina Erosion, Sediment and Turbidity Control Training and Demonstration Site ($19,550; up to $27,550 if funds are available) at the Mountain Horti­cultural Crops Research and Extension Center. This would provide a site in the western part of the state similar to the Sediment and Erosion Control Re­search and Demonstration Facility at the Lake Wheeler Road Field Labora­tory. This site would be utilized in the upcoming E&SC Design Professionals Workshops.
• Reallocate unspent education funds in the current year that ended June 2010 ($47,212) to assist with Land Quality Section operations such as regional of­fice rent, travel and supplies.
Technical Advisory Committee
• Approved three additional members for the SCC Technical Advisory Commit­tee: Fred Grogan, Craig Wyant, and Robert Hastings. The current com­mittee members are: Greg Jennings (PE, PhD, NCSU, Biological and Ag Engineering), Kenny Waldroup (City of Raleigh Public Utilities), Curtis J. Richardson (PhD, Duke, Resource Ecology), Rich McLaughlin (PhD, NCSU, Soil Science), Kevin Martin (LSS, Soil Science consultant), Berry Jenkins (PE, Association of General Contractors), David Harris (PE, NC­DOT Roadside Erosion Control and Vegetation Management), Mark Se­nior (PE, City of Raleigh Stormwater), Mark A. Taylor (PE, Engineering con­sultant), Mack Little (RLA, Landscape Architecture consultant), Fred Grogan Landscape Architect), Craig Wyant (Landscape Architect), Robert Hastings (Water Resources), Fred Roger Watson (PE, Metropolitan Sewerage District of Buncombe County), Chris Roberts (PE, Durham County, Division Man­ager Sedimentation & Erosion Control Division), Wyatt L. Brown (LSS, NC Ecosystem Enhancement Program, and Jimmy Kizer (PE, Engineering consul­tant). The Technical Advisory Com­mittee’s roles include being a technical advisory for the development of draft rules for the Falls Reservoir and Upper Neuse River water supply and evaluat­ing potential revisions to the Sediment and Erosion Control Manual. v
restrain erosion must be established within 60 calendar days following completion of construction or development, other than small disturbances (less than one-half acre), except that permanent ground cover suffi­cient to restrain erosion must be established within 90 calendar days following comple­tion of construction or development, other than small disturbances (less than one-half acre), in the following counties: Alexander, Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Cherokee, Clay, Graham, Hay­wood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madi­son, McDowell, Mitchell, Polk, Rutherford, Surry, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga, Wil­kes and Yancey; and except as provided in 15A NCAC 4B .0124(e). Extensions may be approved by the Sedimentation Control Commission or a local government that administers an erosion and sedimentation control program approved under G.S. 113A-60. Such extensions may be due to natural factors that impede the seeding process.
Education Projects:
• Funded North Carolina State University to continue electronic production (web-posting and listserv) of the Sediments newsletter ($17,020). The Sediments newsletter will be produced semi-an­nually (reduced from quarterly), with summaries of the SCC meeting actions disseminated via the Sediments listserv in between these issues.
• Funded WRRI to continue support for the Annual Workshop and Awards ban­quet for the Local Erosion and Control Programs, including meeting facility and attendee travel ($65,918).
• Funded WRRI to support the NC Sedi­mentation Control Commission (SCC) and NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources –Division of Land Resources, Land Quality Section (DENR-LQS) staff by providing assis­tance in the continuation of workshops for Design Professionals Training. Four workshops were funded, two in Raleigh and two at the Mountain Horti­cultural Crops Research and Extension Center in Mills River, near Asheville) ($28,472). This year’s funding includes a partnership with Dr. McLaughlin to provide classroom and field demonstra­tion instruction on turbidity control for one day of the two-day workshops.
• Funded North Carolina State University
SCC May Actions continued from page 2
NC Sedimentation Control Commission: August Actions
At its meeting on August 19, 2010 the NC Sedimentation Control Commis­sion (SCC) took the following actions:
Delegated Local Programs:
• City of Monroe: Approved the continua­tion of Local Delegation of erosion and sediment control (ES&C) programs.
• Haywood County: Approved the expan­sion of the Local Delegation jurisdic­tion of Haywood County to include the Town of Clyde.
SCC Members (Informational Item)
• SCC members: Randy Veltri will rep­resent local government utilities, Mr. West will represent the NC Soil and Water Conservation Commission, and Rich McLaughlin will represent NCSU Soil Science Department.
• Exiting members: Buzz Bryson, Grover McPherson, Joseph Kleiss, and Donnie Brewer.
• New Chair: Robin Smith v
NC Sedimentation Control Commission: November Actions
At its meeting on November 30, 2010 the NC Sedimentation Control Commis­sion (SCC) took the following actions:
Delegated Local Programs:
• NC Department of Transportation: Approved the continuation of Local Delegation of erosion and sediment control (ES&C) programs. NCDOT was praised for their certification train­ing for contractors and exceptional sediment and erosion control on the Western Wake Turnpike project. The following recommendations were noted in the Administrative review:
◦◦For sediment basins, DOT should update their skimmer details to show the PVC barrel pipe on floating skimmers should be at least 6 feet long. The orifice plate on the barrel
continued on page 55
of the skimmer should be checked as part of each self-inspection. Fabric linings of spillways should be carefully shingled (overlapped) and pinned. Interior slopes should be no steeper than 1.5:1 and the slopes should be stabilized with vegetation; matting is recommended. Drawings of the proposed contours are recommended in steep terrain to minimize the destabilization of adjacent steep slopes.
◦◦For slope stabilization, graded slopes and fill need adequate seedbed preparation.
◦◦For cutting and clearing within trout buffer areas, NCDOT shall consider tree clearing (even if stumps remain), as a disturbance requiring a trout buffer zone variance.
• Gaston County: Approved the change in Gaston County’s ordinance to ex­pand the Environmental Review Board to include 3 new members, one from the Gaston County Homebuilders As­sociation and 2 developers nominated by the Gaston County Homebuilders Association. The current composition includes representatives from a par­ticipating municipality, Gaston County Soil and Water Conservation District, Gaston County Quality of Natural Re­source Commission, Gaston County Chamber of Commerce, one Township representative appointed by the Gaston County Board of Commissioners, and a NC registered professional engineer.
• Jackson County: Approved a continua­tion of the review of Local Delegation until February 2011. The county is not taking effective enforcement action against sites with significant violations, notably for inadequate ground cover.
• Macon County: Approved the continu­ation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Highlands: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Boone: Approved the continua­tion of Local Delegation.
• Watauga County: Approved a continu­ation of the review of the Local Del­egation with an update from LQS in February 2011 and a follow-up review by May 2011. The Winston Salem Re­gional Office will assist the County to improve organization and structure, increase training of staff regarding ero­sion control reviews, and strengthen the ability to conduct formal inspections and documentations.
• Buncombe County: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• City of Asheville: Approved the contin­uation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Beach Mountain: Approved the continuation of Local Delegation.
• Grandfather Village: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Haywood County: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Lake Lure: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Town of Columbus: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Henderson County: Approved the con­tinuation of Local Delegation.
• Durham City/County: Approved the continuation of Local Delegation un­der the condition that the local program evaluates the integrity and consistency of inspection reports while working with the Raleigh Regional Office staff.
Plan Review Fees:
• Passed a resolution to recommend that the NC General Assembly amend the NC Sedimentation Pollution Control Act (SPCA) to increase Plan Review Fees to $170 per disturbed acre or part thereof, as recommended in the report to the Environmental Review Com­mission (ERC); allowing inspection frequency to be increased to 1 inspec­tion every 4 months. (Note: this fee in­crease would not be enough to provide the recommended monthly inspection frequency by the Regional Office staff.)
SCC 2011 Meeting Dates:
• Thursday, February 17
• Tuesday, May 17
• Thursday, August 18
• Tuesday, November 29
Support documents for SCC actions may be found online at
http://dlr.enr.state.nc.us/scc.html v
News from Land
Quality Section
Evangelyn Lowery-Jacobs - new Sedimentation Education Specialist
Ms. Evangelyn Lowery-Jacobs, formerly an Assistant Regional Engineer in the Fay­etteville Regional Office, has transferred to Sedimentation Education Specialist in the Raleigh Central Office. This position is re­sponsible for implementing the training and education programs of the Sedimentation Control Commission statewide.
Erosion and Sedimentation Control Planning and Design Workshop
By Nicole Saladin, Coordinator for
Research & Outreach, Water Resources Research Institute, NC State University
In spite of a slow economy, urban and subur­ban developments are beginning to increase. Overall, development has occurred at un­precedented rates in recent decades. While development brings many opportunities, it also poses challenges to those who manage land and water resources, as well as to all the citizens who depend on those resources.
Urban landscapes contribute a variety of pollutants to local waterways, including heavy metals and oils from paved sur­faces, nutrients from landscaping prac­tices, and sediment from exposed and eroding soils. Sediment has been identi­fied as the number one water pollutant in the country, and much of this comes from improper development practices that do not properly stabilize exposed soils dur­ing and after the construction process.
As regulations regarding land use practices and water quality are constantly updated and new technologies emerge, it is important for practitioners to understand the issues associated with sediment and erosion control, as well as the regulations that address those issues, and industry best practices for satisfying those regulations in the field. To help those practitioners – site designers, developers, contractors, surveyors, other engineers, and even regulators themselves stay up to date on this information, NC Department of Environment and Natural Resources (NCDENR) Division of Land
SCC November Actions continued from page 4
continued on page 6
To report possible violations of the NC SPCA call
1-866-STOPMUD 786-76836
information on the workshops, such as agendas, presentations, and registration for the spring can be found at http://www.ncsu.edu/wrri/events/esc_workshops/pastescworkshops.html.
Photos are from the new training center at the Mountain Horticulture Crops Research and Extension Center. Workshop sponsors include: North Carolina Sedimentation Control Commission, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources - Divi­sion of Land Resources - Land Quality Section, and Water Resources Research Institute of The University of North Carolina. v
Another Home Builder Settles with USEPA for Clean Water Violations
Beazer Homes USA, Inc. has agreed to pay a $925,000 civil penalty for erosion and sediment control violations in 21 states. The lawsuit covers 362 sites in twen­ty one states; 46 sites are located in North Carolina. As part of the settlement, Beaz­er will also implement a company-wide stormwater program to improve compli­ance with stormwater requirements at current and future construction sites around the country. Details on the Beazer Settlement are at: http://www.epa.gov/compli­ance/resources/cases/civil/cwa/beazer.html. For a summary of other settlements with other home builders, see the November 2009 Sediments Vol. 16(3) newsletter at:
http://www.dlr.enr.state.nc.us/pages/sedimentationnewsletters.html. v
Resources partnered with the Water Resources Research Institute to host a series of two-day workshops aimed at erosion and sediment control, as part of the NC Sedimentation Control Program’s educational efforts.
In October, 76 practitioners gathered at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station in Mills River NC. In November, another 87 participants attended the work­shop in Raleigh, where presentations were given at the Brownstone Hotel with a field trip on day two to NC State University’s Lake Wheeler Research Station. In the classroom, participants learned from NC DENR staff and other experts about regu­lations, such as the Proposed Falls Lake Rules and trout buffer disturbances, storm­water best management practices, and land stabilization practices, such as the use of regionally appropriate vegetative cover and chemical applications such as polyacryl­amides (PAM). On day two of each work­shop, participants were guided in the field by Melanie McCaleb and Rich McLaughlin of NC State University’s Department of Soil Science. They were given hands-on dem­onstrations on the use of PAM for sediment control using a variety of passive and active dosing treatments. Fiber check dams, a pas­sive approach to dosing, were used along the newly constructed demonstration site at the Mountain Horticulture Site to show the effects of PAM on turbidity control (Figure 1). PAM was also used in conjunction with different types of ground cover applications to demonstrate the ability to reduce ero­sion and sediment loading rates (Figure 2).
Another series of workshops will be held in spring 2011, where participants will get an­other opportunity to tour the Fletcher and Ra­leigh research facilities, and prepare them­selves and their colleagues for new regula­tions and learn new methods to help protect the state’s land and water resources. More
Figure 1. Wattles installed with PAM.
IECA’s Environmental Connection - The World’s Largest Soil & Water Event!
February 20-23, 2011
Disney’s Coronado Springs Resort - Orlando, Florida USA
The premier educational event for the erosion and sediment control industry. Environmental Connection has more erosion, sediment control, and stormwater focused training, technology and networking events than any other event. Over 4 days, Environmental Connection provides peer–reviewed education, products and technology which address eight technology sections:
• Slope Stabilization • Wetlands Technology
• Stream Restoration • Erosion and Sediment Control
• Vegetative Establishment • Beach and Shoreline Stabilization
• Stormwater Management • Wind Erosion Technology
Information: http://www.ieca.org/conference/annual/ec.asp
Figure 2. Participants “raining” on different ground cover applications.
Planning and Design Workshops contin­ued from page 57
Figure 1. Total solids removal efficiency for diam 8 in (20.3cm) coarse SiltSoxx (SS), 12 in (30.5cm diam) coarse SiltSoxx, and 24 in (61cm) silt fence (SF) with a height of 18” (45.7 cm) above the flume, with corresponding flow rates. The standard error of the means for each treatment is shown. Flow rates tested were 2, 4, and 5 gpm (0.126, 0.252, and 0.315 L/s) (Keener et al, 2007).
Sediment Control BMPs continued from page 1
Added material
Test designation
Total
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
Sediment (dry weight, lb)
95
75
60
55
95
380
Organics*(1-gal container
3
3
3
3
3
15
Metal (Soda Cans)
5
5
5
5
5
25
Plastic Bottles
3
3
3
3
3
15
Plastic Shopping Bag
1
1
1
1
1
5
Cigarettes Butts (Cup)
1
1
1
1
1
5
Cigarettes Box
1
1
1
1
1
5
Leaves and twigs.
Table 1. Materials added to BMPs for each test (Al-Hamdan et al. 2007).
Baysaver®
CDS®
Stormceptor®
Material
Primary Storage sump sump
Total
Inlet Pipe
Fiber glass/ inlet to screen Sump
After screen
Total
Fiber grass Sump Total
Sediment (dry-wt.), lb
135.1
49.4
184.5
7.3
72.7
50.9
62.8
193.75
0.38
254.75
255.13
Organics (1-gal container)
3.8
6.7
10.5
1.5
7.4
3.9
0
12.8
0
11.8
11.8
Metal (Soda Cans)
7
15
22
0
12
13
0
25
0
24
24
Plastic Bottles
6
7
13
0
8
7
0
15
1
0
1
Plastic Shopping Bag
1
2
3
0
2
3
0
5
0
3
3
Cigarettes Butts, Cup
1.6
1.9
3.5
0.2
1.9
2.2
0
4.3
0.1
3.9
3.9
Cigarettes Box
1
3
4
0
2
3
0
5
0
5
5
Table 2. Captured materials by BMPs at the end of testing (Al-Hamdan et al. 2007).
continued on page 88
was adjacent to a two mile construction site (Cleveland and Fashokun, 2006). A rock filter dam was installed of unspecified ma­terials, most likely rock of 3-5” diameter based on Texas DOT specifications and the picture provided. Water samples were ob­tained “upstream” and “downstream” of the dam over the course of two years and 142 sampling visits. Overall, total suspended solids were not reduced by the placement of this dam. The upstream TSS during storm conditions was actually less than that of the downstream samples. This could have been due to the ability of water flow to re-suspend already deposited sediment in the ditch line or within the dam. They also determined that the sediment load in the ditch was increased six fold once con­struction was initiated. Interestingly, the storm sediment concentrations were high­est during the post-construction monitoring.
While there was no evidence of treatment in the water samples, the authors did note clear evidence of sediment being trapped up­stream of the rock dam. This suggests that the sampling design did not fully capture the effects of the dam, and they indicated that sampling the solids above the dam should be included in future research projects.
Stormwater Pollution Control Show­down: Baysaver, CDS, and Stormceptor.
A study conducted in the central part of Florida investigated the effectiveness of three urban pollution control devices in re­moving sediment, nutrients, metals, and lit­ter from entering storm drains (Al-Hamdan et al, 2007). The experiments were con­ducted at 100, 80, 60, 40 and 20 percent of the designed flow capacity for each device. The three devices were the Baysaver (max. 0.048 cubic meters per second (cms), or 1.7 cubic feet per second (cfs)), the CDS (max. 0.042 cms or 1.5 cfs), and the Stormcep­tor (max. 0.045 cms or 1.6 cfs). Storm­water from a retention pond was used with 172 kg (380 lbs) street sweepings from the city and fine sediments from a lake to add to the sediment concentrations (Table 1). For each device, paired influent and ef­fluent samples were collected during the five tests and water quality samples were taken both before and after the devices.
Total suspended solid load reductions for Baysaver, CDS, and Stormceptor were 62, 71, and 83 percent respective­ly. This was based on an average of 100 and 200 mg/L of fine sediments having been added to the water. More fine sedi­ments were captured by Stormceptor than the others and all the devices performed well in trapping the larger litter (Table 2).
Total nitrogen change in the Stormceptor was an increase of 27 percent, while Bay­saver and CDS had increases in nitrate and nitrite. The increase in these concentrations in the effluent samples may have been due to aerobic degradation of organic materi­als by bacteria in the system. Nitrogen is usually more of a problem in coastal areas, where it can cause algal blooms in brack­ish or salt water systems. Phosphorous, which can cause algal blooms in fresh water systems, was reduced by the Stormceptor slightly more CDS device, likely due to the greater solids trapping of the former.
Phosphorous tends to bind to find sediment and so more sediment trapping will usually result in more phosphorus trapping. On av­erage all three devices performed similarly in reducing the three heavy metals studied: copper, chromium, and iron. For Baysaver, chromium, copper, and iron removal rates were 57, 9, and 56 percent respectively. CDS had removal rates of 63, 7, and 40 percent, and for Stormceptor removal rates were 54, 8, 40 percent (Table 3).
Noted in the conclusions of this study was the importance of maintenance of these types of devices. In addition, the ease of installation of such devices may be a fac­tor. For instance, the riser of the Stormcep­tor needed a crane to install it, while a front end loader was used to install the remain­ing devices. Both the ease and frequency of maintenance were also mentioned as factors in selecting storm water treatment devices. Much more detailed information such as particle size distribution and location of sediment in the devices, plus trapping of cans, bottles, cigarette butts, and other ma­terials, is presented in this comprehensive paper.
The information on this article was also uti­lized in a recent IECA Environmental Con­nection article.
References
Al-Hamdan, A.Z., F. Nnadi, M. Romah. 2007. Performance reconnaissance of stormwater proprietary best management practices. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 42:4, 427-437.
Cleveland, T.G., A. Fashokun. 2006. Construction-associated solids loads with a temporary sediment control BMP. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 132:10.
Keener, H.M., B. Faucette, M. Klingman. 2007. Flow-through rates and evaluation of solids separation of compost filter socks versus silt fence in sediment control applications. Journal of Environmental Quality. 36:742-752.
v
Load Reduction (%)
Pollutant
Baysaver®
CDS®
Stormceptor®
Cadmium
N/A
N/A
N/A
Chromium
57.2
62.9
54.3
Copper
8.8
7.3
7.6
Iron
56.3
40.1
39.2
Lead
N/A
N/A
N/A
Nickel
N/A
N/A
N/A
Zinc
2.4
12.0
-1.8
Phosphorus, total
58.8
56.1
60.8
Phosphorus, Ortho
N/A
N/A
N/A
Total Nitrogen
5.0
28.4
-10.8
Nitrate/Nitrite as N
-15.7
-8.7
4.5
Residue, filterable (TDS)
6.9
2.3
31.2
Residue, Non-filerable (TSS)
62.2
71.2
83.0
*N/A= not available because of the undetected concentrations in the influent or/and effluent.
Table 3. Load reductions of the water quality constituents (Al-Hamdan et al. 2007).
Sediment Control BMPs cont’d from p. 79
New Self-Inspection Program for Erosion and Sedimentation Control
Effective October 1, 2010, persons conduct­ing land-disturbing activities larger than one acre must inspect their project after each phase of the project, and document the inspection in writing. Land Quality Section has provided some FAQs to assist in this process.
Does this only apply to projects approved after October 1, 2010?
No, it applies to both old and new projects.
Who can conduct the inspection? The fi­nancially responsible party, landowner or their agent may conduct the inspection.
Is a special certification required to do the inspection? No
What is the goal of the self-inspection program? To make sure that the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan is being followed, including the installation and maintenance of measures, and the pro­vision of ground cover in a timely manner.
What has to be inspected? All of the ero­sion and sedimentation control measures, including sedimentation control basins, sed­imentation traps, sedimentation ponds, rock dams, temporary diversions, temporary slope drains, rock check dams, sediment fence or barriers, all forms of inlet protec­tion, storm drainage facilities, energy dis­sipaters, and stabilization methods of open channels must be inspected.
What else has to be checked? The need for ground cover should be checked. Tem­porary or permanent ground cover must be provided on exposed graded slopes and fills within 21 calendar days of the completion of a phase of grading. Permanent ground cover must be provided within 15 working days or 90 calendar days (60 days in HQW zones), whichever term is shorter, upon the completion of construction or development.
Do newly installed sedimentation con­trol basins have to be measured? Yes, the actual dimensions of the basins have to be checked, usually with a tape measure, and compared to the dimensions on the ap­proved plan.
Do newly installed sedimentation control basins have to be measured by a Profes­sional Land Surveyor? No. Generally the width and length of basins can be measured with a tape measure. A level and survey rod may be useful in checking the depth of a basin. Only relative elevations, comparing the bottom and top elevations are necessary.
What is a significant deviation from the approved plan? A significant deviation means an omission, alteration or reloca­tion of an erosion or sedimentation control measure that prevents the measure from performing as intended. If the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan can­not be followed, a revised plan should be submitted for review.
Does it require a special form? A “Self-Inspection Report for Land Disturbing Ac­tivity as Required by NCGS 113A-54.1” is available for use. It can be completed by hand or completed as an Excel spread­sheet. An alternative is to make notations on the copy of the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan that is kept on the project site. Rule 15A NCAC 04B. 0131 states that “… documentation shall be ac­complished by initialing and dating each measure or practice shown on a copy of the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan or by completing, dating and signing an inspection report that lists each measure, practice or device shown on the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan.”
Can I just use the NPDES Self-Monitor­ing Report? The NPDES Self-Monitoring Report may only be used to report that the maintenance and repair requirements for all temporary and permanent erosion and sedi­mentation control measures, practices and devices have been performed.
When do the inspections have to be done? Unlike the NPDES Self-Monitoring Report, the Self-Inspection Report for Land-Dis­turbing Activity does not have to be weekly. Rather, this report is completed after each phase of the approved erosion and sedimen­tation control plan is complete. Not every project will have all the possible phases, but the list of phases includes the following:
• Installation of perimeter erosion and sediment control measures
• Clearing and grubbing of existing ground cover
• Completion of any phase of grading of slopes or fills
• Installation of storm drainage facilities
• Completion of construction or develop­ment
• Establishment of permanent ground cover sufficient to restrain erosion.
Where do I mail the report? Do not mail the report. The records must be made avail­able to the erosion control inspector at the site. Any documentation of inspections that occur on a copy of the approved erosion and sedimentation control plan shall occur on a single copy of the plan and that plan shall be made available on the site. Any inspec­tion reports shall also be made available on the site.
Additional links, including the required Self-Inspection Report for Land Disturbing Activities and an Excel spreadsheet with the Self-Inspection Report Worksheet can be found at:
http://www.dlr.enr.state.nc.us/pages/sedi­mentation_new.html
The Self-Inspection Rules can be found at:
http://reports.oah.state.nc.us/ncac.asp
and entering: 15A NCAC 04B 0131
or Click this link to view the updated rules for self inspection. v
EPA Effluent Limitations Guideline (ELG)-Update
In August 2010 USEPA announced it is re-evaluating the 280 NTU Effluent Limitations Guideline (ELG) for construction sites disturbing 10 or more acres. This action was a result of a lawsuit filed by the National Association of Home Builders and petition filed by the Federal Small Business Administration. An updated numeric standard is expected to be released by the end of 2011. While the ruling delayed the issuance of a numeric limit, the other requirements of the ELG remain in place. EPA is expected to issue interim stormwater management guidance for construction site operators as the agency works to refine the rule. Additional information:
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/guide/construction/.
The other requirements are summarized in Sediments Vol 16(4) and includes stabilization within 14 days on all construction sites and sampling of discharges for all sites 10 acres or more.Newsletter of the North Carolina
Sedimentation Control Commission
c/o NCSU Water Quality Group
Campus Box 7637
Raleigh, NC 27695-7619
Calendar of Events
1/18/2011
Level I & II Recertification: Erosion &
Sediment Control/Stormwater Recertifica­tion, Raleigh, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
3/22-23/2011
2011 Water Resources Research
Institute’s Annual Conference, Raleigh, NC Abstracts Due Feb. 4.
http://www.ncsu.edu/wrri/conference/
1/19/2011
Level II: Erosion & Sediment Control /Stormwater Site Management, Raleigh, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
4/5-6/2011
Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Workshop, Mills River, NC http://www.ncsu.edu/wrri/
1/20/2011
Level I: Erosion & Sediment Control /
Stormwater Site Management, Raleigh, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
5/10/2011
Level I & II Recertification: Erosion & Sediment Control/Stormwater Recertifica­tion, Mills River, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
1/26-27/, 2011
Local Programs Workshop, Raleigh, NC. (Limited to Local Program staff)
5/11/2011
Level II: Erosion & Sediment Control/Stormwater Site Management, Mills River, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
1/31-2/1, 2011
2011 Land Grant & Sea Grant National
Water Conference. Washington, DC. http://www.usawaterquality.org/conferenc­es/2011/default.html
5/12/2011
Level I: Erosion & Sediment Control/Stormwater Site Management, Mills River, NC
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
2/20-23, 2011
IECA Annual Environmental Connection. Orlando, FL. http://www.ieca.org/conference/annual/ec.asp
5/23-25, 2011
American Ecological Engineering Society Meeting, Asheville, NChttp://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/aees/
3/01/2011
Level III-A: Design of Erosion & Sediment Control Plans, Raleigh, NChttp://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
6/17-20/2011
2011 Soil and Water Conservation Society (SWCS) International Annual Conference, Washington, DC. Abstracts Due Dec. 17. http://www.swcs.org/en/conferences/2011_an­nual_conference/
3/02/2011
Level III-B: Design of Erosion & Sediment Control for Reclamation Plans, Raleigh, NChttp://www.bae.ncsu.edu/workshops/dot/
9/25-28, 2011
Low Impact Development Symposium and National Nonpoint Source Monitoring Workshop, Philadelphia, PA http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater/2011lid/
3/8-9/2011
Erosion and Sediment Control Planning and Design Workshop, Raleigh, NC http://www.ncsu.edu/wrri/