Vancouver style manual

194

15th Nov 2018

Paper writing is a way to explain theories, thoughts, and ideas, previously debated in the scientific studies, literature, or other sources. When composing a paper, it is necessary to comprehend the significance of structured and correct citation and referencing.

Today, Vancouver writing style is the one most commonly applied when dealing with medical publications. There are several features to keep in mind:

The numerical method of citation is among the main characteristics here. Therefore, a writer is expected to provide numeric references in the body of the text, and also form a bibliography list, placing it at the end of the paper.

The Vancouver style referencing guide was invented in the year of 1978 during the meeting of medical journal editors in Canada. In such a way, a numerical nature of citation can be explained by specific needs of medical writing.

The style is widely applied in research and scientific journals, but one should keep in mind that it is not the easiest guide when completing academic assignments in more theoretical subjects.

Examples of in-text citations and reference list entries together with the “Vancouver style formating recommendations” are presented below.

In-text Citations in Vancouver Style

Indicating a Single Reference:

Example 1: Scholtz 2 has argued that…

Example 2: The largest lesion in the first study was 8 cm. 13

Every single reference has its unique number according to the order of appearance in the body of text. These numbers have to be indicated in superscript (see the example 1).

In case a writer uses the citation several times (for example, when dealing with Vancouver creative writing), the same number is applied. Citation numbers are put after periods and commas but before semi-colons and colons.

Do not use exact wording from sources when paraphrasing. When providing the quote from the source, it is better to use double quotation marks. Point out the page number in parenthesis after the citation number as shown below.

Example 3: "The increasing availability and growth rate of biomedical information, also known as ‘big data,' provides an opportunity for future personalized medical programs that will significantly improve patient care." 1 (p433)

Citing Multiple References

When writing the Vancouver style paper, you may need to cite several references simultaneously. When this occurs, all non-inclusive numbers of citations are separated by commas and all inclusive citation numbers with a hyphen. For instance, in case you need to reference numbers 6, 7, 8, 9, and 15 it should show as 6 – 9, 15.

Example 4: Several recent studies 6 – 9, 15 have suggested that…

The Vancouver Style In-text Citation for Quoted Passages

In the majority of cases, the given style does not suppose the use of direct quotations. Nevertheless, if it is important to use such quotation in the text, put double quotation marks around the borrowed lines. Add the page number in parenthesis (the exact page where this direct quotation was taken from) together with the citation number (see Example 3).

Do not forget to apply ellipsis to point out that part of the quotation was left out.

In order to present a long quotation efficiently, precede it with a full sentence. This rule is suitable for all types of writing, even for technical writing Vancouver style.

Example 5: Nowadays, many scientists 5 (p438) agree that:

“With the increased need to store data and information generated by big projects, computational solutions, such as cloud-based computing, have emerged. Cloud computing is the only storage model that can provide the elastic scale needed for DNA sequencing, whose rate of technology advancement could now exceed Moore’s Law. Moore’s Law is the observation that, over the history of computing hardware, the number of transistors on integrated circuits and the speed of computers double approximately every two years. Although cloud solutions from different companies have been used, several challenges remain, particularly related to the security and privacy of personal medical and scientific data.”

Formatting the Vancouver Reference List

What is Vancouver style referencing? To make this matter clearer, it is first important to learn how to cope with formatting a reference list.

Page formatting: One should start composing the list on a separate page; here, only complete citations should be provided for all the referenced material. Remember to ask questions to gain clarity concerning the title of the given list because it may vary often. Your instructor or professor has to be able to assist you, should it be a need for sample paper in Vancouver style or just an example of a single reference.

Organizing entries: One should provide the complete citations of all sources applied in the body of the text. Entries have to be arranged numerically in the same order they emerge in the text, bypassing alphabetization. Consequently, a referenced source by Whisnant may turn out to be the first one in the list.

Names of Authors: Whether or not you are engaged in Vancouver style referencing online, list all names as they appear in the reference material. Displace names of authors (placing the surname first) and turn first names and middle names into initials. As a result, you will have at least two initials after each surname. Indicate all names of authors and separate each name with a comma and space (for example: Winters T, Rogers B, Evans J, Liu H, Preiser J, Krinsley JS, et al.). Finish providing the information about an author with a period.

Title: When referencing titles in paper Vancouver style, apply an appropriate type for the magazine, article, journal, and book titles. You need to capitalize only abbreviations or the first word of any proper nouns and article titles.

Page numbers: Provide the inclusive pages numbers if needed. Try not to repeat them unless they are followed by letters (for instance, 224-226 turns into 224-6, but 46 B – 49 B will do).

Web address: If one uses an online source, then a web address where the source is located should be included. The web address has to be followed by a period in case a slash follows URL. In any other way, avoid following the web address with punctuation.

Vancouver Citation Format Template

Citing Books

General guidelines:

Provide initials of first name(s) of an author only.

There is no punctuation between initials (for example AM for Anna Maria).

If a book has more than one author, present author’s name in the same order it appears on the title page.

Capitalize only the first letter of the title.

“Year of publication” is indicated for the edition that has been used.

"Place of publication" = city + country for non-US publications and city + state abbreviation for the US publications.

“Publisher” means the name of the publishing company.

How to cite a book in Vancouver style? Here is the example for a single author:

Author Last Name Initials. Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year.

As a rule, the document or webpage can turn out to be unnumbered. When this occurs, add “about” in the pagination statement, indicating the number of pages and screens.

The title of homepage [Internet]. City of publication: Publisher; Publication/Copyright date. The title of the document or webpage; Year Month Day of publication of document or webpage [cited Year Month Day]; [pagination of document or webpage]. Available from: URL

Author (s). The title of the blog entry. Year Month Day of blog entry [cited Year Month Day]. In: Title of blog [Internet]. City of publication: Publisher, Year Month Day of copyright or blog –. [entry blog pagination]. Available from: URL

Vancouver Style Title Page Example

Since Vancouver style is applied when you submit papers to medical journals, the Vancouver style cover page should follow strict guidelines. First of all, center the paper’s title. Having done this, indicate credentials and the name of the author. The next details to point out are the institution and the department. After this, one needs to place the contact information. Finally, it is significant to indicate the exact word count.

Dangerous Genetics:

Propensity of Huntington’s Disease in Families, and on Examination of its Occurrence in Western Europeans

If there is any specific source you need to cite, and it was not mentioned here, you are welcome to search for the guidelines on this exact type of source, for example, on citing a review in Vancouver style, in order to get a specific info from a credible website. Also, you can simply look through the official guide to find the exact rule to follow.

Vancouver Resume Writing Style

Regardless of the fact that the given style is used mainly in the sphere of medicine, it is possible to apply it in other writing assignments. It can be, on the one hand, used as a resume writing style for medical employees. However, not all people, despite the fact they are real professionals in the sphere and love their job, can cope with such an assignment as writing a resume. Taking into account that it may be rather hard to do, it is high time to consider other options. In this case, think about finding a “resume writing service Vancouver.”

On the other hand, imagine that you are a doctor who wants to set up a private health care facility. How can you do that in the most efficient way? Of course, you should write a well-thought-out business plan. At this stage, some people may face difficulties connected with a correct formatting of the paper, etc. Whether or not you face such problems, it can become helpful to consider the “business plan writing services Vancouver.” In any case, specialists can always assist you if something is unclear.

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