Alexander III Upholds the Autocracy
* Autocracy: gov’t with total power
* Program of “autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality”—led to censorship, secret police, exile * Oppression: goal was to create uniform culture
* Russian was official language
* Persecuted Jews—no land ownership, live in segregated areas, pogroms (organized violence against Jews)

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...this investigation is to determine the reasons that Vladimir “Lenin”
Ulyanov was responsible for the downfall of the Tsarist Regime, and subsequently the provisional government in 1917. The investigation focuses on Lenin’s newspaper, The Pravda, Lenin’s eloquent speaking in St. Petersburg, and his leadership during the “November Revolution”[1] in 1917 in St. Petersburg (known as Petrograd at the time of the aforementioned revolution). Additionally, in the section entitled Evaluation of Sources, two of the sources used for this investigation, Lenin and the RussianRevolutions, and Lenin: The Man who made a Revolution, are evaluated with regards to their origins, purposes, values, and limitations.
B Summary of Evidence
On October 25th, 1917 (Old Julian Style Calendar, equates to November 7th 1917 on the Gregorian Calendar), Vladimir “Antonov-Oseenko burst into a small room where the ministers [of the provisional government] were sitting,”[2] and “declared that in the name of the ‘Military Revolutionary Committee of the Petrograd Soviet’ he was placing them all under arrest.”[3] This decisive action officially ended the “November Revolution”[4] of the Communist uprising in Russia, in which Vladimir Lenin played a large, important role, and which would lead to the creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.).
In October of 1908, the first edition of Lenin’s...

...How did the Tsar survive the 1905 Revolution?
Introduction
Controversy surrounds whether or not the revolution was a "dress rehearsal" for the 1917 revolution or a missed opportunity for Tsar Nicholas II to consolidate a constitutional monarchy.
This dissertation will focus on the survival of the Tsar, as it is ultimately an open question whether he would have saved the monarchy. The dissertation will also reveal that in the Tsar's heart was more in reaction than reform. This coursework will show that part of the key to the monarchy's survival was the division of the opponents of Tsarism. It took World War I to cause a major breakdown in relations that left the monarchy open to further revolution through total war.
The 1905 revolution was the result of the Russo-Japanese war which broke out in 1904. The war saw military and naval defeats for the Russian forces. There were food shortages in cities and the Soviets (assemblies of workers and soldiers' representatives) were formed in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The event which started the whole revolution in the Russian Empire was "Bloody Sunday"; the event of the massacre of armament workers by Cossacks in front of the Winter Palace at St. Petersburg. The leader, Father Gapon, wanted to present the Tsar a petition requesting an improvement of living conditions and more freedom of expression. Riots spread to...

...European History
“The 1905 revolution was crushed. The February 1917 revolution succeeded. Compare the two revolutions and explain the different outcomes.”
There have been many revolutions throughout history, but few are as mighty as The RussianRevolutions of 1905 and February 1917. Whilst there are similarities between the two revolutions, the differences are also notable. Therevolution of 1905 marked an opening chapter to upheaval in Russia during the early 1900’s. It was merely a faint echo throughout Europe. The February 1917 revolution, however, immediately caused the abdication of Tsar Nicolas II. Similar circumstances and a common goal were evident between the two, despite having different outcomes. Even so the theme which is shared between the Revolutions is the discontent amongst the Russian people for their leaders.
Until the end of the 19th century, Russia was ruled by an autocratic Czar. The Czar ruled aspects such as law, taxation, justice, the army and all the countries officials. Though the Czar, fundamental laws could not be changed without his consent. The powers of parliament which was known as the Duma were weak. This autocratic rule was sustained by nobles. Who were privileged in having the opportunity to possess land and have the opportunity to hold office in the Czar’s administration. The...

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This essay will assess the claim that the underlying causes of the Russianrevolution of 1905 were not political and the revolutionaries did not intend to overthrow the Tsar. The 1905 Russianrevolution was caused by a number of different factors. The Russo-Japanese War and the Red Sunday were some of them. The basic cause was probably social discontent amongst the different classes in Russia and their burden of taxation. The poor conditions of Russia before the 1905 revolution also contributed to the cause and thus they will also be covered in this essay.
The following paragraph will explain the conditions of Russia which led to the 1905 revolution. Russia was an economically, socially and politically unstable country even in the early 19th century. Bad harvests and industrial slumps led to rising discontent amongst the Russian population. Most of the population were still serfs but they were not exempted from the payment of high taxes. Without sufficient food and job opportunities, the serfs were left materially deprived and starving but the government still attempted to collect taxes while the nobility and the clergies were exempted from paying.
The...

...During the19th century, the Russian Tsar, Nicholas II abdicated from his throne due to outgrowing discontent of the Russian masses. Vladimir Lenin and his compatriots become glad about this so called abdication of the Tsar. They have now started their campaigns by gaining the support of the Russian masses. The Provisional Government which is still ruling the state during that time was overthrown by the so called October Revolution. The Soviets used this opportunity to declared themselves as rulers of the Russian state, making Lenin as their sole dictator. This only leads to a certain hypothesis where the RussianRevolution was only used by the Soviets as a cover up in order to hoard the power by themselves and neglect the people it’s basic rights.
By disbanding all of the political parties, mass media and any opposition that will go against them, Lenin had neglected the people the freedom of speech. In fact the intelligentsia, the people that might shook off Russian masses’ minds, is being treated miserably because of this assumption. “During the first years of the Soviet regime, the period of civil war and war communism, the struggle for survival was so intense that very little attention was paid to the intelligentsia question as such. Intellectuals suffered very badly, particularly in the major cities, from the general scourges of cold and...

...The Russian Empire and the world were forever altered after the RussianRevolution of 1917 and the Bolsheviks.
The RussianRevolution of 1917 was the seizure of the central organs of state power in Petrograd by the Bolshevik under the leadership of Lenin on October 25, 1917. The Bolsheviks were a participant in the RussianRevolution belonging to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Bolshevik Party was founded by Vladimir Lenin. The Bolsheviks were governed by the principle of democratic communism and considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary working class of Russia. The Bolshevik comes from the root words meaning larger or greater and they were formed between 1915 to 1920. The RussianRevolution come from the February and October Revolution which were apart of the RussianRevolution between 1905 and 1917.
There were many years and events that led up to the RussianRevolution. During the years leading up to the RussianRevolution, the people of the Russian Empire were literally starving. There were people in line trying to buy bread multiple blocks long. The shelves in were bare, there was no bread for the bakers to bake or coal. The Russians were starving and poor, as a result of the World War I....

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The RussianRevolution of 1905, while it ultimately failed to overthrow the Tzarist regime, was said by several people, including Lenin, to be a ‘dress rehearsal’ for the RussianRevolution of 1917. Russia was an autocratic country ruled by an autocratic Tzar, where the Tzar ruled as he wished and was supported by the privileged nobles, who owned land and serfs. The distinction between the poor and the wealthy was great, and despite the attempts by Alexander II to modernize Russia by introducing reforms, the reforms ultimately acerbated the situation. This paper will identify several social and economic modernisations that were attempted and thwarted by a reactionary regime, as well as other causes that led to the RussianRevolution of 1905.
Alexander II, also known to as the Tzar-Liberator for his many reforms in Russia, began his reign in 1855 when Russia was defeated in the Crimean War. He thought that the main reason for Russian defeat was her backward social and economic system, and tried to strengthen the dynasty by introducing reforms to modernize the archaic institutions of Russia. His intentions were good, and had they been carried out properly would have made Russia stronger socially and economically....

...1905 RussianRevolution
At the beginning of the 20th century the Russian industrial employee worked on average an 11 hour day (10 hours on Saturday). Conditions in the factories were extremely harsh and little concern was shown for the workers' health and safety. Attempts by workers to form trade unions were resisted by the factory owners and in 1903, a priest, Father Georgi Gapon, formed the Assembly of Russian Workers. Within a year it had over 9,000 members.
1904 was a particularly bad year for Russian workers. Prices of essential goods rose so quickly that real wages declined by 20 per cent. When four members of the Assembly of Russian Workers were dismissed at the Putilov Iron Works, Gapon called for industrial action. Over the next few days over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went out on strike.
In an attempt to settle the dispute, Georgi Gapon decided to make a personal appeal to Nicholas II. He drew up a petition outlining the workers' sufferings and demands. This included calling for a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase in wages, an improvement in working conditions and an end to the Russo-Japanese War.
(1) Felix Yusupov wrote about his views on the Russo-Japanese War in his autobiography published in 1953.
The war with Japan, one of the most terrible blunders made during the reign of Nicholas II, had disastrous consequences and marked the beginning...