The first Pax Sinica of the eastern world by Han China coincided with the Pax Romana of the Western World by Rome.[1] It stimulated the long-distance travel and trade in Eurasian history.[2] The Pax Sinica and Pax Romana both eroded at about 200 AD.[2]

Tang China (618–907) established a second Pax Sinica.[when?][3] This was considered one of the golden ages of China.[3] The economy, commerce, culture, and science was flourishing and reached new heights.[3] During the early Tang-era, most notably during Emperor Taizong's reign, the Chinese brought their nomadic neighbors to submission.[3] This secured the safety and peace at the many trade routes.[3] The Pax Sinica brought forth a new age for exchange via the Silk Route.[3] The Chinese civilization became open and cosmopolitan to all people from near and far away.[3] Many people from different backgrounds and denominations traveled to the capital of Chang'an.[3] These included clerics, merchants, and envoys from India, Persia, Arabia, Syria, Korea, and Japan.[3]

A resurgence of this term has happened in recent years, as the rise of China changes the geopolitical landscape in Asia. The view has been expressed that a renewed Pax Sinica in Central Asia may help maintain stability in the region.[4]