Gender Ethnicracial And Life Span Considerations

Serum levels of phosphate are normally higher (3.5 to 5.5 mg/dL) in children because of the increased rate of skeletal growth. Infants who are fed cow's milk or formula may develop hyperphosphatemia because cow's milk contains more (940 mg/L) phosphorus contrasted with human milk (150 mg/L). The most common cause, renal failure, occurs across the life span and in both sexes. Women have a slight but nonclinical elevation of serum phosphate levels after menopause. While hyperphosphatemia has no racial or ethnic predilection, African Americans, people of Hispanic origin, and Native Americans have a disproportionately high prevalence of renal failure, which can result in hyperphosphatemia.