Berthold's experiment

Brown-Sequard

bayliss and starling

discovered the first hormone, secretin, done with dogs, cutting the nervous system to the stomach to prevent any interaction then placed acid in the stomach and saw hormone projection from the pancreas

neuromodulators

peptide=growth stimulating factors

neurotransmitters

chemical messengers produced by nerve cells, which are released from the pre-synaptic membrane, diffuse across a synaptic cleft, and bind to receptors of the postsynaptic membrane of a nerve or muscle cell

cyclic guanosine monophosphate cGMP 2nd messenger

calmodulin

cellular calcium receptor in all eukaryotic cells, four ca2+ binding sites, structurally similar to troponin c, biologically activated when calcium binds to at least three of the four calcium binding sites, activates Ca2+ calmoduline-dependent kinase, stimulates ATPase that pumps Ca2+ out of cells or into storage depots (mitochondria and smooth ER), activates myosin light chain kinase in smooth muscle

asthma and allergies

intracellular receptors class 1

receptors of steroid hormones, located in cytoplasm or nucleus, associated with heat shock proteins HSPs when not bound to ligand, when bound to hormone form homodimers that bind to hormone response elements HRSs

bioassays

pigeon crop assays for prolactin

friedman test

rabbit test for human chronic gonadotropin (hCG), urine from women suspected for being pregnant injected into female rabbit, if woman is pregnant, hCG stimulates rabbit ovaries to form corpora lutca, antibody test for hCG now used