Produced by Vibrio cholerae, cholera toxin (CT) is a multimeric enterotoxin that transfers ADP-ribose to a G protein, locking adenylate cyclase in an 'on' position. By binding to the membrane of enteric cells, cholera toxin stimulates the cellular adenylate cyclase system, causing the hyper-secretion of chloride and bicarbonate ions, which results in increased fluld secretion and the severe diarrhea characteristic of the disease cholera. The pentameric B subunit of CT binds with high efficiency to GM1 monosialoganglioside cell membrane receptors, present in many cell types, allowing its use experimentally in cell culture. Following binding, the toxin is endocytosed and travels retrogradely to the endoplasmic reticulum where the enzymatically active A subunit (CTA1) is translocated to the cytosol. Within the cytosol, CTA1 catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the Gs protein, which activates adenylate cyclase and as a consequence increasing the intracellular concentration of cAMP. Relevant to the development of vaccine adjuvants, CT effectively modulates mammalian immune systems and acts as an adjuvant for co-administered antigens.

This product is provided as a lyophilized powder, sealed under vacuum. Store at 4 centigrade prior to and following reconstitution. This product is light sensitive.

Warning:

Good laboratory technique should be employed in the safe handling of this product. This requlres observing the following practices:1. Wear appropriate laboratory attire including a lab coat, gloves and safety glasses.2. Do not mouth pipette, inhale, ingest or allow to come into contact with open wounds. Wash thoroughly any area of the body which comes into contact with the product.3. Avoid accidental autoinoculation by exercising extreme care when handling in conjunction with any injection device.4. This product is intended for research purposes by qualified personnel only. It is not intended for use in humans or as a diagnostic agent. Our company is not liable for any damages resulting from the misuse or handling of this product.