Economics BSc (Econ)

Studying Economics at Royal Holloway means that you will learn from internationally renowned experts at one of the UK’s top ten teaching and research centres. Economics is one of the most influential and liveliest disciplines in today's world, affecting the lives and fortunes of everyone on the planet. This course offers a complete education in the theories and methods of economics, with a strong focus on analytical methods. The knowledge and transferable skills gained will lead to excellent career prospects in public and private management, financial institutions and in government.

Through this course you will develop an in-depth understanding of economics at all levels – from the company to the state, and beyond; you will learn to appreciate and apply the core theories of micro and macroeconomics; gain important quantitative and computing skills that are widely applicable as well as skills and experience in logical and philosophical reasoning.

Our balanced approach to research and teaching guarantees high quality teaching from subject leaders, cutting edge materials and intellectually challenging debates. Our courses follow a coherent and developmental structure which we combined with an effective and flexible approach to study.

Excellent career prospects; economics has an impressive employment record and graduates’ starting salaries are amongst the highest in the country.

Quality research and teaching; one of only two economics departments in the country placed in the top ten for both research and student satisfaction (Research Assessment Exercise, 2014 and National Student Survey 2015).

Inspiring close community; a friendly and relaxing environment where everyday interactions with student and staff from different departments and nationalities are a norm - our 8,500 students come from over 130 countries.

Core modules

Principles of Economics

You will gain an understanding of the basic theories of microeconomics (the behaviour of individuals and firms) and macroeconomics (the behaviour of the economy as a whole and relations). In macroeconomics you will learn about circular flow; the goods market; money, bonds, income, and interest; fiscal policy; monetary policy; aggregate demand and supply; the Phillips curve; and long term growth. Discussions will take place on the current financial / debt crisis and the inflation-unemployment trade-off. In microeconomics you will learn about supply and demand; elasticity; theories of the consumer and the firm; and market structures.

Quantitative Methods of Economics 1

In this module you will become familiar with the basic mathematical, quantitative, computing and statistical tools for the study of Economics.

Post Crisis Economics

This module covers economic institutions, economic history, post-crisis economics, and experimental and behavioural economics. You will be provided with an overview of each of these topics based on economic theory, followed by applications and relevant supporting data. You will discuss the topics and learn how to write an essay, how to present, how to collect economic data, how to find relevant economic research, and how to think like an economist.

International Economic Policy

This is an introductory module that explores economic policy issues of international dimension from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. Using economic tools, you will learn how to analyse and tackle issues that impact the lives of people around the globe.

Economic Philosophy

In this module you will gain an understanding of how economics is defined, the meaning of fundamental economic concepts, the role of mathematical models, and the role of ethics. You will look at what the term ‘economics’ stands for and the sub-disciplines that exist. You will see how normative and positive economics differ and understand the role of mathematical models. You will consider the fundamental concepts of economics, how and why they were developed, and look in depth at the homo economicus model with a focus on rationality and self-interest. Finally you will consider ethical and moral issues and how they relate to economics, such as discrimination and fairness.

Year 2

Microeconomics

This module covers microeconomic analysis and policy. You will be introduced to analytical tools for studying the behaviour of individuals and firms across a range of economic settings. Topics include optimisation of consumer and firm problems; strategic interactions between firms in different non-competitive environments; choice under uncertainty; intertemporal decisions; and general equilibrium theory. For each topic, real world applications will show how models are used to examine complex issues, make predictions and prescribe policy. You will also study the features of economies that give rise to desirable market outcomes under different welfare criteria in conjunction with situations that result in market failures.

Macroeconomics

This module covers macroeconomic theory and policy. You will develop an understanding of macroeconomics at the intermediate level, considering the determinants of aggregate variables such as unemployment, investment, consumption, interest rates, inflation, exchange rates and the balance of trade (net exports). Topics include the goods and financial markets and the Hicks-Hansen (IS-LM) model in the short run; aggregate supply, the labour market and the Aggregate Demand – Aggregate Supply (AD-AS) model in the medium run; the Phillips curve, disinflation and Okun’s law; Economic growth and the Solow model; consumption and investment theory and the role of expectations in the IS-LM model; open economy, exchange rate regimes and Mundell-Fleming model; hyperinflation, financial crises and the euro zone; and fiscal policy, monetary policy, and the practice of policy making.

Quantitative Methods of Economics 2

The first half of this module is dedicated to the mathematical theory of optimisation, where you will study linear algebra and the theory of concave functions. The second half is intended to provide you with a solid understanding of the essentials of empirical research techniques (econometrics) used by applied economists.

Year 3

Optional modules

In addition to these mandatory course units there are a number of optional course units available during your degree studies. The following is a selection of optional course units that are likely to be available. Please note that although the College will keep changes to a minimum, new units may be offered or existing units may be withdrawn, for example, in response to a change in staff. Applicants will be informed if any significant changes need to be made.

Teaching is mostly by means of lectures and seminars, the latter providing a forum for students to work through problem sets and applications in a smaller and more interactive setting. Outside of scheduled teaching sessions, students work independently, or collaboratively, researching, reading and preparing for seminars.

Assessment is usually carried out by end of year examinations as well as class tests and assignments. Final year students can choose to complete an extended essay, which offers students the chance to conduct an original piece of research.

Typical offers

Typical offers

A-levels

ABB

Required/preferred subjects

Applicants must be taking Maths, Biology, Chemistry or Physics at A-Level, or have a GCSE Maths grade to meet the Maths requirement for this programme.

At least five GCSE passes at grades A* to C.

Other UK Qualifications

International Baccalaureate

6,5,5 at Higher Level subjects with 32 points overall.

Applicants must be taking Maths, Biology, Chemistry or Physics at Higher Level or achieve 5 in Standard Level Maths or 6 in Standard Maths Methods to meet the maths requirement for this programme. Maths GCSE grade A is also accepted.

BTEC Extended Diploma

Distinction, Distinction, Distinction in a relevant subject plus grade A in GCSE Maths

BTEC National Extended Diploma

Distinction, Distinction in a relevant subject plus an A2 grade B and grade A in GCSE Maths

BTEC National Extended Certificate

Distinction in a relevant subject plus A2 grades BB including Maths or grade A in GCSE Maths

Welsh Baccalaureate

Requirements are as for A-levels where one non-subject-specified A-level can be replaced by the same grade in the Welsh Baccalaureate Advanced Level Core.

Scottish Advanced Highers

AB including Maths or Maths GCSE grade A if Maths not taken at Higher or Advanced Higher level

Scottish Highers

AABBB plus Advanced Higher requirements

Irish Leaving Certificate

H2,H2,H3,H3,H3 including Maths

Access to Higher Education Diploma

Pass with at least 30 level 3 credits at Distinction and 15 level 3 credits at Merit in a relevant subject PLUS GCSE Maths grade A

Other UK qualifications

Please select your UK qualification from the drop-down list below

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International and EU entry requirements

European Baccalaureate

84% with at least 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.80% with at least 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.77% with at least 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Australia - Regional High School Certificate OR Queensland Senior Certificate

ATAR: 95 OR Queensland OP: 3 with high marks in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.ATAR: 90 OR Queensland OP: 4 with high marks in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.ATAR: 89 OR Queensland OP: 5 with high marks in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Not accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.com/Not accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comWe are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Austria - Reifezeugnis OR Maturazeugnis

Average grade of 1 with a grade 1.5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements.Average grade of 1.5 with a grade 1.5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements.Average grade of 2 with a grade 1.5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Not accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comWe are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Bangladesh - Bachelor degree studied for 2 years

GPA of 3.25 overall with at least grade 3.5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.GPA of 3.25 overall with at least grade 3.5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.GPA of 3.0 overall with at least grade 3.5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

8 out of 10 or 18 out of 20 with 9 or 19 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.8 out of 10 or 17 out of 20 with 9 or 19 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.7 out of 10 or 16 out of 20 with 8 or 18 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Secondary School Leaving Diploma

Average grade of 4 with 4 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 4 with 4 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 4 with 4 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Bulgaria - Diploma za Sredno Obrazovanie

Average grade of 5.7 with 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 5.6 with 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 5.5 with 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Canada - Year 12 High School Graduation Diploma

Average of 87% from five grade 12 subjects (or six when taken in Quebec & Ontario) , including 85% in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of 86% from five grade 12 subjects (or six when taken in Quebec & Ontario) , including 85% in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of 85% from five grade 12 subjects (or six when taken in Quebec & Ontario) , including 85% in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

China - Senior High School Certificate is not acceptable.

Not accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university with an average of 75%. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university with an average of 75%. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university with an average of 75%. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comWe are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Croatia - Svjedodžba o Maturi

Overall grade of 5 including 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Overall grade of 5 including 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Overall grade of 5 including 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Cyprus (South) (Greek-Cypriot system) - Apolytirion

Average of 19 in Apolytirion and either AB at A-level or an average 17 in the Pancyprian exams. Subject specific requirements are listed above.Average of 18.5 in Apolytirion and either BB at A-level or an average of 16 in the Pancyprian exams. Subject specific requirements are listed above.Average of 18 in Apolytirion and either BB at A-level or an average 15 in the Pancyprian exams. Subject specific requirements are listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Cyprus (North) - Devlet lise Diplomasi

Average of Grade 9.0 in Devlet Lise Diplomasi with AA at A-level. Any A-level subject requirements are listed above.Average of Grade 8.0 in Devlet Lise Diplomasi with AA at A-level. Any A-level subject requirements are listed above.Average of Grade 8.0 in Devlet Lise Diplomasi with AB at A-level. Any A-level subject requirements are listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Czech Republic - Maturitni Zkouška/Maturita

Average grade of 1.5 with a grade of 1 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 1.8 with a grade of 1 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 2 with a grade of 1 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Average grade of 12 with 11 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 10 with 11 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 10 with 11 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Average grade of 5 in Gumnaasium Ioputunnistus and 90% in 3 State Exams in subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements. Where there are no subject specific requirements, State exams can be in any subject.Average grade of 4.5 in Gumnaasium Ioputunnistus and 80% in 3 State Exams in subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements. Where there are no subject specific requirements, State exams can be in any subject.Average grade of 4 in Gumnaasium Ioputunnistus and 70% in 3 State Exams in subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements. Where there are no subject specific requirements, State exams can be in any subject.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Finland - Ylioppilastutkinto OR Studentexamen

Please obtain grades EEMM with E in any of the subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Please obtain grades EMMM with E in any of the subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Please obtain grades EMMM with E in any of the subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

France - French Baccalauréat

Average grade of 14 with 14 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 13 with 14 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 13 with 14 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Ghana - SSCE/WASSCE (equiv to GCSE's NOT acceptable to entry to UK degree)

Not accepted. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comWe are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Greece - Apolytirion

Average of 19 in Apolytirion and either AB at A-level or an average 17 in the Panhellenic exams. Subject specific requirements are listed above.Average of 18.5 in Apolytirion and either BB at A-level or an average of 16 in the Panhellenic exams. Subject specific requirements are listed above.Average of 18 in Apolytirion and either BB at A-level or an average 15 in the Panhellenic exams. Subject specific requirements are listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Hungary - Erettsegi OR Matura

Average of grade 5 and grade 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of grade 4.7 and grade 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of grade 4.5 and grade 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Iceland - Studentsprof (from Gymnasium)

Average score of 9, with 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average score of 8.5, with 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average score of 8, with 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Not accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comWe are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

16/20 or 80%, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.16/20 or 80%, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.16/20 or 80%, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Israel - Bagrut (Matriculation) or Mechina

8/10 with at least 8 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above. 8/10 with at least 8 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above. 8/10 with at least 8 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above. We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Italy - Esame di Stato

Average of 90 and 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of 90 and 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of 85 and 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Japan - 高等学校卒業証書 (Upper Secondary School Leaving Certificate)

Not accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comWe are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Not accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comWe are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Kenya - Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

Not accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comWe are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

4 with at least 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.4 with at least 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.4 with at least 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Not accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comNot accepted. We will consider applicants with first year of university. Our partner Foundation course provider may be able to help. For more information please view - www.rhulisc.comWe are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Latvia - Atestats par visparejo videjo izglitibu

Average of grade 9.5 and 9.5 in State Examinations in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of grade 9.0 and 9.5 in State Examinations in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of grade 8.5 and 9.5 in State Examinations in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Liechenstein - Matura

Average of 5 with 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of 5 with 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of 5 with 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Average of grade 9.5 and 9.5 in State Examinations in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of grade 9.0 and 9.5 in State Examinations in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average of grade 8.5 and 9.5 in State Examinations in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Luxembourg - Diplôme de Fin d'Etudes Secondaires

Average grade of 48 overall, with 48 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 44 overall, with 48 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 40 overall, with 48 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

5.0 with a 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level grade A and a 4 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level grade B4.8 with a 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level grade A and a 4 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level grade B4.5 with a 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level grade A and a 4 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level grade BWe are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

STPM - As GCE A-Level requirements on a grade and subject for subject basis. UEC - 5 subjects with an average of 80% or A overall. Subject specific requirements are listed above.STPM - As GCE A-Level requirements on a grade and subject for subject basis. UEC - 5 subjects with an average of 80% or A overall. Subject specific requirements are listed above.STPM - As GCE A-Level requirements on a grade and subject for subject basis. UEC - 5 subjects with an average of 80% or A overall. Subject specific requirements are listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Netherlands - Voorbereidend Wetenschappelijk Onderwijs (VWO)

Average grade of 8 with 7 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 8 with 7 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 7 with 7 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Excellence overall from three subjects at NCEA level 3, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Excellence overall from three subjects at NCEA level 3, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Excellence overall from three subjects at NCEA level 3, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Nigeria

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Oman

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Pakistan

Requires successful completion of Bachelors degree from a Pakistan University, or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires successful completion of Bachelors degree from a Pakistan University, or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires successful completion of Bachelors degree from a Pakistan University, or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Poland - Swiadectwo Dojrzalosci OR Matura

80% overall including 80% in three extended level subjects and 80% any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.75% overall including 75% in three extended level subjects and 80% any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.75% overall including 70% in three extended level subjects and 80% any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Portugal - Certificado de fim de Estudos Secundários

Overall grade of 18 with a minimum of 18,18,18 in 3 subjects, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Overall grade of 17 with a minimum of 18,18,17 in 3 subjects, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Overall grade of 17 with a minimum of 18,17,17 in 3 subjects, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Qatar

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Romania - Diploma de Bacalaureat

Average grade of 9 with 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Average grade of 8 with 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Average grade of 8 with 9 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Russia

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Serbia & Montenegro (Yugoslavia) - Secondary School Leaving Diploma

Overall average grade of 5, with 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Overall average grade of 4.5, with 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Overall average grade of 4.5, with 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Saudi Arabia

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

AAA including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above OR B or GPA 3.0 in relevant subject area in Polytechnic Diploma.AAB including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above OR B or GPA 3.0 in relevant subject area in Polytechnic Diploma.ABB including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above OR B or GPA 3.0 in relevant subject area in Polytechnic Diploma.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Slovakia - Maturitná Skúška/Maturita

Please obtain 1.5 overall with 1.5 in any of the subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Please obtain 1.5 overall with 1.5 in any of the subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Please obtain 2 overall with 1.5 in any of the subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Slovenia - Matura/Secondary School-Leaving Diploma/Technical Matura

Average grade of 5 overall with at least 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Average grade of 4 overall with at least 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Average grade of 4 overall with at least 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Grades 776666 in at least 7 subjects at Higher Grade, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Grades 776666 in at least 7 subjects at Higher Grade, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.Grades 776666 in at least 7 subjects at Higher Grade, including any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements listed above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

South Korea

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Average grade of 19 overall with at least A in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 18.5 overall with at least A in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 18 overall with at least A in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Maturitatzeugnis/Certificate de Maturite/Attestato de Maturito

4.5 with at least 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.4.5 with at least 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.4.5 with at least 5 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above. We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Tanzania

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Taiwan

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Thailand

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Average grade of 80% in the final 2 years with at least 80% in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 75% in the final 2 years with at least 80% in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Average grade of 70% in the final 2 years with at least 80% in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Ukraine

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry..Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry..Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry..We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

United Arab Emirates

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

USA - SAT or ACT or AP or a combination of SAT and AP (Group A Subjects)

5 in two relevant AP subjects. For US applicants who have not taken APs, have at least 600 in Reading & Writing and Maths and have 666 in the Essay PLUS a score of 650 in two SAT II tests OR ACT with grade 27 overall.4 in two relevant AP subjects. For US applicants who have not taken APs, have at least 600 in Reading & Writing and Maths and have 666 in the Essay PLUS a score of 600 in two SAT II tests OR ACT with grade 27 overall.4 in two relevant AP subjects. For US applicants who have not taken APs, have at least 600 in Reading & Writing and Maths and have 666 in the Essay PLUS a score of 600 in two SAT II tests OR ACT with grade 27 overall.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Vietnam

Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.Requires first year of University completed or A-Levels, IB, or Foundation course for university entry.We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

Caribbean Advanced Proficency Examination (CAPE)

Acceptable at the two-unit level with grades 1 1 1 with at least 1 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Acceptable at the two-unit level with grades 1 1 2 with at least 1 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above.Acceptable at the two-unit level with grades 1 2 2 with at least 1 in any subjects specified in GCE A-level entry requirements shown above. We are currently updating entry requirements specific to your country. Please check back or contact royalhollowayinternational AT rhul.ac.uk / Tel: +44 (0)1784 276629 for further information.

English language requirements

IELTS 6.5 overall with 6.0 in both Reading and Writing and no lower than 5.5 in every other subscore. For equivalencies please see here.

For more information about entry requirements for your country please visit our International pages. For international students who do not meet the direct entry requirements, we offer an International Foundation Year, run by Study Group at the Royal Holloway International Study Centre. Upon successful completion, students can progress on to selected undergraduate degree programmes at Royal Holloway, University of London.

An Economics degree at Royal Holloway will equip you with an enviable range of practical skills and can lead into a variety of career paths. Employers recognise and reward the real knowledge and skills developed in an Economics degree.

We will help students to recognise their own strengths, skills and abilities so that they can make strong applications for their chosen job or further study. We also provide support through a dedicated careers programme, which includes: employability workshops, events and guess speakers.

Our graduates are highly employable and 86% have achieved full time employment or embarked on further study within six months of graduation (Unistats 2015).

In recent years, graduates have launched careers with a wide-range of organisations and government departments in roles including financial analyst, finance broker, government economist and chartered accountant.

Home and EU students tuition fee per year 2017/18*: £9,250

International students tuition fee per year 2017/18**: £15,600

Other essential costs***: There are no single associated costs greater than £50 per item on this course

*Tuition fees for UK and EU nationals starting a degree in the academic year 2017/18 will be £9,250 for that year. This amount is subject to the UK Parliament approving a change to fee and loan regulations that has been proposed by the UK Government. In the future, should the proposed changes to fee and loan regulations allow it, Royal Holloway reserves the right to increase tuition fees for UK and EU nationals annually. If relevant UK legislation continues to permit it, Royal Holloway will maintain parity between the tuition fees charged to UK and EU students for the duration of their degree studies.

**Royal Holloway reserves the right to increase tuition fees for international fee paying students annually. Tuition fees are unlikely to rise more than 5 per cent each year. For further information on tuition fees please see Royal Holloway’s Terms & Conditions.

***These estimated costs relate to studying this particular degree programme at Royal Holloway. Costs, such as accommodation, food, books and other learning materials and printing etc., have not been included.