3National Health InsuranceAccording to The American Journal of Public Health The French health care system combines universal coverage with a public-private mix of hospital and ambulatory care, higher levels of resources and a higher volume of service provision than the Unites States. Ambulatory care is dominated by office-based solo practice, there are also private group practices, health centers, occupational health services , and a strong public sector program for maternal and child health care. 4National Health Insurance 5The French PMI

Maternal and Infant Protection Service

Ceated November 20, 1945 by governmental decree

Initial goal was to reduce prenatal mortality

Infant mortality is 4th lowest in the world today

Goals throughout the years

Prevention and detection of handicaps to provide disabled children with early and efficient support

Reduction of prenatal mortality through a national program aimed at conditions of pregnancy, delivery, and new-born care

Prevention of unwanted pregnancies and illegal abortions

Support integration for families and children living in difficult social conditions

Fight against child abuse

6The French PMI

A preventive health service for children from before birth to age 6

Consists of 5,000 affiliated physicians and 4,600 public health nurses

Spend 55 a year per child under 6

A child must have a medical checkup once a month until 9 mo. old

Checkups at four or six month intervals until age 6

U.S. is behind most major industrial countries

10 deaths for every 1,000 births

7EUFIC

European Food Information Council

Non-profit organization

Provides science-based information on food quality safety

Mission statement

Co-financed by European Commission European food/drink industry

Current members

8EUFIC Platform on Diet, Physical Activity Health

Problem

Platform for Action

Fields of Action

Commitments to Action

Monitoring of Actions

Duration of Commitments

Other Initiatives

Call for Support

9EUFIC Guideline Daily Amounts

Used as guide for total amount of energy nutrients that healthy adults need each day

Derived from international, EU government guidelines based on newest scientific data

Available for energy (calories) four most important nutrients that may increase risk of developing diet-related diseases

10EUFIC Guideline Daily Amounts

Based on typical requirements for healthy men women over 18 years, of normal weight for weight maintenance

Derived from EAR (Estimated Average Population Requirements) for energy

Take account of current activity levels lifestyle of average citizen

Energy measured in kilocalories (kcal)

11EUFIC Guideline Daily Amounts

Average woman 2000 kcal (energy GDA)

Average man 2500 kcal

Values are used as reference to

calculate GDA for nutrients

Nutrient values very similar to US

12(No Transcript) 13The French Paradox

The lower-than-expected rate of mortality from coronary heart disease in a society where the diet is rich in fat and saturated fat.

Diet has been described as the Mediterranean Diet

The type of fat in the diet is just as important as the total amount of fat.

France has the second longest life expectancy in the world.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity is relatively low

Nutrition and health risks are not the same across all of France.

Higher cardiovascular risk in the North

Lower cardiovascular risk in the South

14PNNS

Programme National Nutrition Santé

Launched in 2001 to improve nutritional information and diet in the French public

Goals

Increase intake of fruits and vegetables

Increase intake of calcium and carbohydrates

Reduce intake of total fat

Decrease alcohol and sodium intake

This will help reduce blood cholesterol level in population and decrease prevalence of overweight and obesity

15Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

French Native

Discovered that disease are spread by bacteria

1881 began to study rabies

1885 first rabies vaccine worked on a small boy

Devised the Process of Pasteurization in 1865 to inhibit fermentation of wine and milk

The rates of overweight and obesity are increasing very rapidly at an alarming rate

In 1997, the prevalence of obesity in the adult population was 8.2

In 2000, it was 9.6

In 2003, it reached 11.3

Today, it is up to 12

19Biotechnology

General consensus Biotechnology has a lot to offer, but it may also represent a real risk for public health and the environment.

Their position is to create a regulatory framework within which biotechnology should be developed

French government believes risks need to be rigorously evaluated for each new situation and would like to ensure that assessment is based on transparent, independent scientific research.

They stand as the guardian of public health and safety for its people

Compared with the British, Dutch, and Irish governments, the French government is not very pro-active in leading the public towards a favorable view of biotechnology.

20Biotechnology

The president of France Biotech was recently heard on RFI radio expressing his worry that France is lagging behind in its biotechnology development.

He said that if sufficient funds were not invested into developing biotechnology, France would lose all competitiveness with Great Britain and the U.S. by 2010-2020.

CECSI communication, education, and scientific and industrial culture

CCSTI cultural centers for science, technology, and industry

Responsible for promoting science and industry with a science for every citizen philosophy

21Food Biotechnology Viewpoints

Precautionary Principle

In the wording of the 1990 Bergen Declaration (first official pronouncement) the Principle states

Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to prevent environmental degradation.

(2004) Professors Yves Tiverghien and Sean Starrs state that Indeed, the EU took time both to find a common voice on the issue of biotechnology and to move from a concern technological competitiveness to a primary concern about health and environment.

22Genetic Engineering Viewpoints

The public debate in Europe demonstrates that rigorous safety assessment is necessary but not sufficient for gaining societal acceptance of agricultural biotechnology. Many natural scientists agree that currently available GM crops are as safe as conventional food crops. Some critics on the other hand point to possible adverse unintended effects others hold more fundamental concerns about mankind. Messing with hereditary material. The challenge is to identify prerequisites for introducing products of agricultural biotechnology in a manner that is broadly accepted in societies with wide-ranging viewpoints.

23Parisian Education Today

the Nation guarantees equal access for children

adults to education, vocational training culture.

Ages 3 through 16

Free of charge

National education budget - 23.31 of overall national budget

Adapts to new educational methods, modern technology users expectations

24Parisian Education Today

Primary Level of Education

Nursery school (pre-primary) ages 3-6

Primary school ages 6-11

Teaches autonomy basics about citizenship

Secondary Level of Education

Lower secondary education (college) ages 11-15

Study same curriculum

Diploma

Higher secondary education (lycee) ages 15-18

Large range of education training possibilities

Baccalaureat

25Parisian Education Today

Higher Education

All studies after baccalaureate

Two systems open selective

Provides general vocational possibilities

Initial Vocational Training

Education for Special Needs Students

Private Education

26Parisian Education History of Sorbonne

La Sorbonne

Name derived from College de Sorbonne

Founded in 1257

Suppressed during French Revolution

Reopened by Napoleon in 1808

Finally closed in 1882

One of many colleges of U of Paris that existed until French Revolution

27Parisian Education- Sorbonne University

(1970) University divided into 13 different universities

Three have kept the Sorbonne name as part of official title

Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV)

The New Sorbonne (Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris III)

Pantheon-Sorbonne (Paris I)

28Religious History in France

Religious wars 1562-98

Huguenot wars

Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre

29Religious/Spiritual Life Today

Roman Catholic 83-88

Protestant 2

Jewish 1

Muslim 5-10

Unaffiliated 4

2005 poll 34 responded they believe there is a God

27 answered they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force

33 answered hey do not believe there is any sort of Spirit, God, or life force

30Daily Living - Renaissance

Family Roles

Housing

Childhood

Fashion

Food/Cooking

31Daily Life Today

Family

Housing

Recreation

Personal appearance

32French Designers

Coco Chanel

Christian Dior

Yves Saint Laurent

Louis Vuitton

33Free Time in Paris

Shopping

Marché aux Puces St-Ouen de Clignancourt

Worlds largest flea market

Marché St-Germain

SR Store

Eating

Chartier

Laduree (tea salon)

Les Pipos

34Site-Seeing in Paris

Place de la Concorde

Ile St-Louis

Au Lapin Agile

Catacombs

Moulin Rouge

35Works Cited

Bellisle, F. (2005). Nutrition and Health in France Dissecting a Paradox. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105, 1870-1873.

Larson, Betty (1993). Public Health Policy from an International Perspective. Moorhead Betty Larson.

Mealey,L.(2007,April). Family Life During the Renaissance Roles of men, women, and children in the European Renaissance. Retrieved February 17, 2008, from http//www.weuropeanhistory.suite101.com/article.cfm/family_life_during_the_renaissance

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