A few days after the spectacular collapse of the Fyre Festival, just as federal investigators began to circle the wreckage, the event’s would-be mastermind, Billy McFarland, was still making promises.

His failed event was sold on social media by the likes of Kendall Jenner as an ultraluxurious musical getaway in the Bahamas. Scheduled for two weekends starting in late April, it was supposed to up the ante in the competitive festival market. Instead, Fyre had become a punch line for its aborted opening, with reports of panicked millennials scrounging for makeshift shelter on a dark beach.

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Billy McFarland, 25, is a brash entrepreneur with a gift for networking and social media.CreditPatrick McMullan/Patrick McMullan, via Getty Images

Yet, speaking on May 2 with unnerved employees at his TriBeCa office — with its $30,000 sound system and frequent fashion-model visitors — Mr. McFarland deflected blame and vowed that Fyre would survive to mount another festival next year. The coverage had been “sensationalized,” he insisted, according to a recording obtained by The New York Times. (Fyre has attributed its cancellation to a combination of factors, including the weather.)

Ja Rule, the rapper and Mr. McFarland’s celebrity business partner, looked on the bright side. “The whole world knows Fyre’s name now,” he said. “This will pass, guys.”

Their company, Fyre Media, however, was already facing the first of more than a dozen lawsuits seeking millions and alleging fraud, breach of contract and more.

The endeavor has also become the focus of a criminal investigation, with federal authorities looking into possible mail, wire and securities fraud, according to a source with knowledge of the matter, who was not authorized to discuss it. The investigation is being conducted by the United States attorney’s office for the Southern District of New York and the F.B.I.; it is being overseen by a prosecutor assigned to the complex frauds and cybercrime unit. (A spokesman for the United States attorney’s office and a spokeswoman for the F.B.I. declined to comment.)

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MaryAnn Rolle, the owner of Exuma Point Beach Bar and Grill in the Bahamas, says she’s owed $134,000 from festival organizers.CreditScott McIntyre for The New York Times

There are many potential victims: ticket buyers, investors and businesses small and large, spread across the United States and the Bahamas. Blink-182, a planned headliner, can’t get its equipment out of customs limbo. Fyre’s employees have not been paid. MaryAnn Rolle, a restaurant owner in the Bahamas who catered daily meals and rented villas to the festival crew, says she is owed $134,000.

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The rapper Ja Rule, who was promoted as the star at the heart of the festival, “would never participate in anything fraudulent,” his lawyer said. “It’s simply not in his DNA.”CreditNina Westervelt for The New York Times

Ja Rule was Fyre’s famous face, but at the center of the controversy is Mr. McFarland, a brash, 25-year-old entrepreneur with a gift for networking and buzzy social media. In his short career, he has persuaded people, over and over, to buy or invest in whatever he was selling, leaving behind a trail of aggrieved customers and business partners. He could be the Wolf of Wall Street for the selfie set, or Gatsby run through an Instagram filter.

Mr. McFarland and his lawyers declined to address specific allegations. But in a statement, he said: “I cannot emphasize enough how sorry I am that we fell short of our goal,” adding, “I’m committed to, and working actively to, find a way to make this right, not just for investors but for those who planned to attend.”

Stacey Richman, a lawyer for Ja Rule, said that he “would never participate in anything fraudulent; it’s simply not in his DNA.”

But interviews with more than two dozen people associated with Mr. McFarland or the festival, many of whom requested anonymity because of pending legal issues, turned up few who were surprised by the ruins in the Bahamas and beyond.

“The lies didn’t start with the Fyre Festival, let’s make that clear,” said Patrick McMullan, the veteran party photographer who came to regret his trust in Mr. McFarland’s business savvy.

The Card That Opened Doors

Raised in Short Hills, N.J., by real estate developer parents, Mr. McFarland was already starting technology companies as a teenager. With the creation of Magnises in 2013, he took on the profile of a budding New York entrepreneur, with bottle service tastes.

Modeled after the American Express black card, Magnises — “Latin for absolutely nothing,” Mr. McFarland once said — was a membership club for upwardly mobile millennials, offering discounts at select hot spots and access to a West Village townhouse.

“We had some great events — everything ran like clockwork,” said Craig Lawrence of the modeling agency One Management.

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Swingsets were built on Coco Plum Beach in Great Exuma, the Bahamas, one of the festival’s staging areas.CreditScott McIntyre for The New York Times

Through Magnises, Mr. McFarland became a nightlife fixture. He came to know Ja Rule, whom he booked for a private concert; Mr. McMullan’s company photographed his events.

Magnises was a template for what Mr. McFarland’s other businesses would become — a touch of celebrity, a gloss of tech and the veneer of success, thanks to social media and high-powered connections.

But as Magnises expanded, members complained that offers, like Beyoncé tickets, never materialized, and that annual dues were charged to their credit cards months early.

Mr. McFarland also looked for money on the side. Molly Krause, a publicist who briefly joined Magnises, described Mr. McFarland’s mass text messages offering deals on hoverboards and weekend rentals of his Maserati.

“Ja Rule is working on a new song and can mention your name, nickname, company name, etc in the upcoming hit single for $450,” Mr. McFarland texted last year. “5 Spots. LMK!”

Still, he had a way of engendering trust.

Mr. McMullan said that he paid Mr. McFarland almost $100,000 for a website, which was never delivered. “I was told he had made this big company, he had made millions of dollars,” Mr. McMullan said. “I thought he was smarter than he was.”

Stars and Investors Needed

Early in 2016, Mr. McFarland became consumed with a new endeavor: Fyre Media.

With it, he hoped to build an app that would allow individuals to bid for celebrity appearances at their events.

Mr. McFarland hired developers in Portland, Ore., and used a roster of the famous and semifamous (Iggy Azalea! Soulja Boy!) to woo investors, including Carola Jain, married to Bob Jain, a prominent hedge fund executive. (Ms. Jain has been named as a defendant in at least one Fyre lawsuit. Through a spokeswoman, she declined to comment.)

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Ian Nicholson, a carpenter, says he is still owed payments for the 18-hour days he worked for the Fyre Festival.CreditScott McIntyre for The New York Times

In his bid for moguldom, however, Mr. McFarland had little regard for traditional business practices. According to four Fyre Media employees, who requested anonymity because of the continuing fallout, there was no paperwork upon their hiring, and the payroll system was ad hoc at best — employees were typically paid via wire transfer, and sometimes in cash, receiving no pay stubs.

Mr. McFarland is now accused of more than sloppy bookkeeping. Some investors believe that his company was overstating its financial position. In January, Fyre Media said in company documents that it owned land in the Bahamas worth $8.4 million and had $21.6 million in revenue from December alone — claims that one investor, Oleg Itkin, said in a lawsuit were probably fictitious.

A Passion Project

Toward the end of last year, with Fyre Media still in its early stages, Mr. McFarland became increasingly distracted by yet another project. A music festival in the Bahamas would combine what he called his three biggest passions — tech, rap music and the ocean — and publicize the app, he told his staff.

Mr. McFarland knew how to promote it. He and Ja Rule enlisted influencers (called Fyre Starters) like Ms. Jenner, Emily Ratajkowski and Bella Hadid to post about the festival on Instagram, and he pursued deals with SiriusXM and a yacht startup called YachtLife.

As advertised, Fyre Festival would be a site of fantastical opulence, featuring acts like G.O.O.D. Music, Major Lazer and Migos.

Well into March, the event’s website — which briefly vanished because its designer had not been paid — claimed it would take place on Fyre Cay, a private island that once belonged to the drug lord Pablo Escobar. Ticket packages included the $400,000 “Artist’s Palace,” with four beds, eight V.I.P. tickets and dinner with one festival performer.

But there was no such island or palace. Fyre employees recalled higher-ups inventing extravagant accommodations just to see if people would buy them — and some did, they said.

Mr. McFarland had been scouting sites, taking private planes to the Bahamas with his Fyre entourage and models in tow. But long after tickets had been sold, he was still nailing down a location.

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Girty Rolle Moxey helped her 8-year-old son, Kaelin, on a swing set on Coco Plum Beach while Derek McKenzie enjoys the water. The swing set was built for the Fyre Festival.CreditScott McIntyre for The New York Times

By early April, the festival team finally set up at Roker Point, a largely unbuilt housing development on Great Exuma that borders a Sandals resort.

The festival hired a series of experienced producers, cycling through them quickly. With guests set to arrive on April 27, the team had a long way to go to deliver the vision that Mr. McFarland had sold.

Mr. McFarland and his executive team lived near the site in a resort villa, riding ATVs around to check the progress. Organizers found enthusiastic partners in Bahamian workers, who hoped for a long-term economic boost.

Still, residents who had seen Fyre’s ostentatious marketing pitch worried about its distance from reality. “Something like this, it could build Exuma and it could break Exuma,” said Ian Nicholson, a carpenter working for the festival.

About three weeks out, Richard Hooban, a Brooklyn DJ booker, toured the site. He saw a craggy beach and a gravel-strewn plot where the main stage would be. “This is going to take a lot of money or time to transform,” he recalled thinking.

Mr. McFarland seemed flush enough. “He always had a few thousand dollars cash in his swimsuit,” said Luca Sabatini, an owner of Unreal-Systems, which built the festival stages and supplied the high-caliber sound systems and lighting. If someone needed extra cash, Mr. McFarland would dole it out — “$500, crumpled up, a little humid because he went jet skiing with it,” Mr. Sabatini observed.

But behind the scenes, Mr. McFarland was scrounging for funds.

No Walkie-Talkies?

Weeks before the festival, Fyre informed ticketholders that the event would be “cashless (and cardless),” and encouraged attendees to put up to $1,500 in advance on a digital Fyre Band to cover incidentals, according to one lawsuit.

Those wristbands were merely a stopgap solution to help the company’s cash flow, according to two employees with knowledge of the accounts. They said that the Fyre Bands took in nearly $2 million; some of that money, according to another lawsuit, went to pay back part of a recent $3 million loan.

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Text messages from Billy McFarland.

Expenses were swelling: Bed frames and beach chairs were rush-ordered; beach umbrellas had to be flown in, rather than shipped, because of late payments, according to three production staff members. Essential production tools, like walkie-talkies, never even arrived.

Back at Fyre Media, the company credit cards were being declined for everyday office purchases.

Employees said they feared that their boss was using funds from their booking app to fund the festival. But Mr. McFarland reassured them in April when he said that Comcast Ventures, the investment arm of the cable and media giant, had agreed to invest up to $25 million in Fyre Media. In fact, Comcast had considered a deal, the company said, but passed “after conducting thorough due diligence.” Mr. McFarland did not tell his employees.

As the festival date neared, the production crew’s wages, paid by wire or cash, arrived late, or short, and then stopped altogether, five members of the crew said.

‘A Whole Sea of People’

Warnings to Mr. McFarland and his team came from seemingly every corner. Two days before guest arrival, Mr. McFarland asked Mr. Nicholson, the carpenter, who was working 18-hour days, how it was going. “I said, ‘I don’t think it’s gonna be ready,’” Mr. Nicholson recalled.

Senior staff members pleaded with Mr. McFarland to cancel or postpone, several of those present said. But having just taken out yet another loan for $200,000, according to a lawsuit, he responded that money can solve everything, one employee recalled.

Then a storm hit.

On the morning of Thursday, April 27, facing piles of soggy bedding, unfinished tents and understocked bars, festival staff members again begged Mr. McFarland and his team to cancel. Again, he didn’t budge — even with the convenient excuse of bad weather.

The festival sold a total of about 8,000 tickets for both weekends, according to a lawsuit, but only a few chartered planes made it to the island. As the first flights began arriving, Ms. Rolle, the caterer, said that she received a call asking if the ticketholders could be diverted to her restaurant. “I just saw a whole sea of people,” she said.

Later, at the festival site, guests lined up to be checked into their damp tents. The crowds bottlenecked and grew restless. Mr. McFarland and his executive team, including Ms. Jain, the investor, holed up in their headquarters, known as the blue house.

Finally, Mr. McFarland stepped outside. He hopped on a makeshift table and tried to calm the masses. Just grab a tent, they were instructed, which created more chaos as people scrambled for dry — or any — form of shelter.

In the face of angry customers, Mr. McFarland retreated. He appeared “dumbfounded,” Mr. Sabatini said, “and completely at a loss.”

Trash and Unpaid Bills

As late as that Thursday evening, Mr. McFarland and Ja Rule had continued to assure talent agents that all systems were go. But by Friday morning, both weekends of the festival had been canceled.

Within a few days, Mr. McFarland and the rest of his executive team had left the island, their site strewn with mattresses, empty Champagne bottles and other detritus.

Several businesses are still anxiously awaiting the fate of their gear, which the Bahamian government is holding because Fyre owes more than $330,000 in customs fees, according to a government document.

Mr. Sabatini said that his Miami-based company was out about $10 million worth of equipment. Without a speedy resolution his business “would start facing irreparable consequences,” he said.

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All that’s left is trash: the site of the Fyre Festival, two weeks after it had been canceled.CreditScott McIntyre for The New York Times

Workers like Mr. Nicholson, the carpenter, were left unpaid. A father of three, he is owed nearly $5,000, and his lights and water have been turned off because he couldn’t pay the bills. “It’s killing me,” he said.

Back in New York, at the early May meeting, rattled employees pressed Mr. McFarland and Ja Rule on a troubling thought: They had committed fraud.

“That’s not fraud, that’s not fraud,” Ja Rule said, according to the recording. “False advertising, maybe — not fraud.”

Mr. McFarland stayed silent.

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A discarded champagne bottle on Coco Plum Beach in the Bahamas.CreditScott McIntyre for The New York Times

William K. Rashbaum and Ben Protess contributed reporting from New York, and Ava Turnquest from Great Exuma, the Bahamas. Alain Delaquérière contributed research.

A version of this article appears in print on , on Page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Anger, Lawsuits and Inquiry Follow Music Festival’s Failure. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe