What is Agile Project Management?

At its core, agile project management is an empirical approach to projects, focused on incremental delivery of highest business value through:

Scope flexibility

Iterative planning, development and testing

Continuous improvement of product and process through customer feedback and team input

“Agile” defined

Agile, in project management, is actually an umbrella term and a descriptor, not a methodology. To be agile means to be able to move quickly, easily and nimbly. That is exactly its meaning in project management.

Agile project management roots

In 2001, a group of seventeen project management and software development experts got together to discuss what their successful projects had in common. They had all struggled with the formal, step-based project management processes developed to meet the demands of major advances in computer technology during World War II. Based on their respective experiments with lighter-weight, adaptive approaches, as well as previous models and research by Walter Sherwart, Winston Royce, Hirotaka Takeuchi and Ikujiro Nonaka, they collaboratively published “A Manifesto for Agile Software Development,” commonly known as the agile manifesto.

Manifesto for Agile Software Development
We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. Through this work we have come to value:

Individuals and interactions over processes and toolsWorking software over comprehensive documentationCustomer collaboration over contract negotiationResponding to change over following a plan

That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more.

There is no such thing as the agile methodology or framework. As the agile manifesto has gained exposure, many have tried to turn the word agile into a thing (i.e. noun, or even a proper noun) rather than a descriptor (i.e. adjective).

The agile manifesto is the authoritative source—a litmus test—for organizations to determine whether they are being agile in their decisions, processes, mindsets, culture and target outcomes. Many frameworks (e.g. scrum for project management), methodologies (e.g. XP for engineering practices), environments (e.g. lean approaches such as kanban) and techniques exist for managing projects based on agile values and principles.

Why agile project management?

These values and principles modernize project management to focus on the right things at the right time, respond efficiently to change and effectively deliver what customers need.

Any size or complexity project will benefit from agile approaches, but the larger and more complex the project, the more opportunity it has to improve. According to the Standish Group, 95% of organizations are in some state of agile transformation. From 2011-2015, they evaluated 10,000 projects of various sizes to evaluate whether or not they completed successfully (i.e. on time and on budget with all planned functionality), challenged (i.e. completed, but over budget, over time with less functionality than planned) or otherwise failed (i.e. canceled at some point).

Of the 10,000 projects evaluated, the percentage of successful projects using an agile approach was found to be significantly higher than other waterfall approaches. Even with small projects where simple approaches may be sufficient, agile approaches were determined to be 30% more likely to succeed. With medium sized projects, agile approaches are almost 4x (400%) more likely to succeed, and with large, complex projects, agile approaches are 6x (600%) more likely to succeed.

The agile values and principles are the heart and soul of agile project management. Agile frameworks, methodologies, environments and techniques all give teams the capacity to deal with uncertainty and to be flexible with changing requirements.

Because agile project management generally involves creating products in iterations, with the most valuable features first, it allows companies to deliver the essential parts of products to market quickly. Agile project management also allows teams to fail quickly, spending less time and money on efforts that will not work. Finally, by being people-focused, agile project management gives project teams more optimal and sustainable working environments, encouraging people to do their greatest work.

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