Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 5th district

Incumbent

Assumed office May 19, 1981

Preceded by

Gladys Spellman

82nd President of the Maryland Senate

In office January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1978

Preceded by

William James

Succeeded by

James Clark

Member of the Maryland Senate for the 26th District

In office January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1978

Preceded by

District established

Succeeded by

B.W. Mike Donovan

Member of the Maryland Senate for District 4C

In office 1967–1975

Preceded by

District established

Succeeded by

District abolished

Personal details

Born

Steny Hamilton Hoyer(1939-06-14) June 14, 1939 (age 78)New York City, New York, U.S.

Nationality

American

Political party

Democratic

Spouse(s)

Judith Hoyer (deceased 1997)

Children

3

Education

University of Maryland, College Park(BA)Georgetown University(JD)

Steny Hamilton Hoyer (born June 14, 1939) is the U.S. Representative for Maryland's 5th congressional district, serving since 1981. The district includes a large swath of rural and suburban territory southeast of Washington, D.C.. Immediately following the retirement of Barbara Mikulski, Hoyer became the dean of the Maryland Congressional delegation.

A Democrat, he was first elected in a special election on 19 May 1981 and served as the House Majority Leader from 2007 to 2011.[1][2] He had previously served as House Minority Whip from 2003 to 2007, and was reelected to that post in 2011. These positions make him the second-ranking figure in the House Democratic Leadership hierarchy. As of December 5, 2017 he is the most senior Democrat serving in the House of Representatives following the resignation of John Conyers.

Early life and education[edit]

Hoyer was born in New York City, New York, and grew up in Mitchellville, Maryland, the son of Jean (née Baldwin) and Steen Theilgaard Høyer. His father was Danish and a native of Copenhagen; "Steny" is a variant of his father's name, "Steen",[3] and Hoyer is an anglicized form of the fairly common Danish surname "Høyer". His mother was an American, with Scottish, German, and English ancestry, and a descendant of John Hart, a signer of the Declaration of Independence.[4] He graduated from Suitland High School in Suitland, Maryland.

In 1963, he graduated magna cum laude from the University of Maryland, College Park, where he also became a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity.[5] He earned his J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center in Washington, D.C., in 1966.[5]

Early political career[edit]

For four years, from 1962 to 1966, Hoyer was a member of the staff of United States Senator Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland); also on Senator Brewster's staff at that time was Nancy Pelosi, who would later become a leadership colleague of Hoyer as she served as Minority Leader and Speaker of the House.[6]

In 1966, Hoyer won a newly created seat in the Maryland State Senate, representing Prince George's County-based Senate District 4C.[7] The district, created in the aftermath of Reynolds v. Sims, was renumbered as the 26th district in 1975,[5][8] the same year that Hoyer was elected President of the Maryland State Senate, the youngest in state history.[9]

From 1969 to 1971, Hoyer served as the 1st Vice President of the Young Democrats of America.[10]

In 1978, Hoyer sought the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Maryland as the running mate of then acting Governor Blair Lee III, but lost out to Samuel Bogley 37%–34%.[11] In the same year, Hoyer was appointed to the Maryland Board of Higher Education, a position he served in until 1981.[5]

U.S. House of Representatives[edit]

Elections[edit]

Fifth District Congresswoman Gladys Spellman fell into a coma three days before the 1980 election. She was reelected, but it soon became apparent that she would never regain consciousness, and Congress declared her seat vacant by resolution in February 1981. Hoyer narrowly won a crowded seven-way Democratic primary, beating Spellman's husband Reuben by only 1,600 votes. He then defeated a better funded Republican, Audrey Scott, in the May 19 special election by 56%-44%, earning himself the nickname of "boy wonder".[12][13][14] In the 1982 general election, Hoyer won re-election to his first full term with 80% of the vote.[15] He has only faced one relatively close contest since then, when he defeated future Governor of MarylandLarry Hogan with just 55% of the vote in 1992.[16] His second worst performance was his 1996 bid against Republican State Delegate John Morgan, when he won re-election with 57% of the vote.[17]

Tenure[edit]

Domestic issues

Social Issues: Hoyer is pro-choice on abortion rights.[18] He voted against the Partial-Abortion ban bill in 2003. Hoyer supports affirmative action and LGBT rights.

Gun Rights: He is rated F by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun control voting record.

Privacy: In 2008, Hoyer said he opposed providing immunity to telecom companies, but then negotiated a bill, described by Senators Patrick Leahy and Russ Feingold as a "capitulation", that would provide immunity to any telecom company[19] that had been told by the Bush administration that their actions were legal.[20][21][22][23] “No matter how they spin it, this is still immunity,” said Kevin Bankston, a senior lawyer for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy rights group that has sued over President Bush's wiretapping program. "It’s not compromise, it’s pure theater."[24]

Taxes: In June 2010, Hoyer brought up the idea that Congress would extend only temporarily middle-class tax cuts that were set to expire at the end of the year, suggesting that making them permanent would cost too much. President Obama wants to extend them permanently for individuals making less than $200,000 a year and families making less than $250,000.[26]

Foreign issues

India: Hoyer supports civilian nuclear cooperation with India.[27]

Iraq: Hoyer initially supported the Iraq War and was even recognized by the DLC for his vocal leadership on this issue. After the war became publicly unpopular, Hoyer said he favored a "responsible redeployment".[28] However, he has repeatedly supported legislation to continue funding for the war without deadlines for troop withdrawal, most recently in return for increased funding of domestic projects.[29]

Israel: Hoyer is a supporter of Israel, and has often been allied with American Israel Public Affairs Committee. In September 2007, he criticized Rep. Jim Moran for suggesting that AIPAC "has pushed (the Iraq) war from the beginning", calling the comment "factually inaccurate".[30]

Iran: Hoyer has stated that a nuclear Iran is "unacceptable" and that the use of force remains an option.[31]

Human Rights: Hoyer is a former chairman of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe.

Syria: Hoyer supports former President Obama's call for authorizing limited but decisive military action in response to the Assad regime's use of chemical weapons.

Legislation

On February 28, 2014, Hoyer introduced the bill To amend the National Law Enforcement Museum Act to extend the termination date (H.R. 4120; 113th Congress) into the United States House of Representatives.[32] The bill would extend until November 9, 2016, the authority of the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund, a nonprofit organization, to construct a museum on federal lands within the District of Columbia honoring law enforcement officers.[33]

Fundraising

Hoyer is a prolific fundraiser for House Democrats. He has been the top giver to fellow party members in the House. In the 2008 election cycle, he contributed more than $1 million to the party and individual candidates as of July 14, 2008.[34]

In March 2007, the Center for Public Integrity reported that Hoyer's political action committee "raised nearly $1 million for congressional candidates [in the 2006 election cycle] by exploiting what experts call a legal loophole." The Center reported the following:

Campaign finance disclosure records show that the Maryland Democrat used his leadership political action committee — AmeriPAC — as a conduit to collect bundles of checks from individuals, and from business and union interests. He then passed more than $960,000 along to 53 House candidates and another quarter of a million to the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, data compiled from the Center for Responsive Politics Web site show. Federal law generally prohibits political action committees, including leadership PACs, which are run by politicians, from receiving more than $5,000 each year from a single donor or giving more than $10,000 to a single candidate ($5,000 each for the primary and the general election). But Hoyer collected as much as $136,000 from one labor union committee and distributed more than $86,000 to a single Congressional race.[35]

The only media to cover the report, the Capital News Service, quickly pointed out how common and legal the practice is:

"That's like saying somebody who deducts mortgage interest on their taxes is exploiting a tax loophole," said Nathaniel Persily, a campaign finance expert and University of Pennsylvania Law School professor. "What exactly is the problem?"

"Bundling is very common," said Steve Weisman, of the George Washington University's Campaign Finance Institute.

What Hoyer, a lawyer, did was perfectly legal, the Federal Election Commission said, too. In fact, his insistence on detailed reporting made tracking the funds easier.[36]

Party leadership[edit]

Fifth District Congresswoman Gladys Spellman fell into a coma three days before the 1980 election. She was reelected, but it soon became apparent that she would never regain consciousness, and Congress declared her seat vacant by resolution in February 1981. Hoyer narrowly won a crowded seven-way Democratic primary, beating Spellman's husband Reuben by only 1,600 votes. He then defeated a better funded Republican candidate in the May 19 special election, earning himself the nickname of "boy wonder".[12] He won the seat for a full term in 1982 and has been reelected 14 times with no substantive opposition, and is the longest-serving House member from southern Maryland ever.[9]

Hoyer has served as chair of the Democratic Caucus, the fourth-ranking position among House of Representatives Democrats, from 1989 to 1994; the former co-chair (and a current member) of the Democratic Steering Committee; and as the chief candidate recruiter for House Democrats from 1995 to 2000. He also served as Deputy Majority Whip from 1987 to 1989.[5]

When David E. Bonior resigned as Minority Whip in early 2002, Hoyer ran but lost to Nancy Pelosi. After the 2002 midterm elections, Pelosi ran to succeed Dick Gephardt as Minority Leader, leaving the Minority Whip post open again.[37] On November 14, 2002, Hoyer was unanimously elected by his colleagues in the Democratic Caucus to serve as the Minority Whip, the second-highest-ranking position among House Democrats.[9]

Pelosi became the Speaker of the House in January 2007. Hoyer was elected by his colleagues to be House Majority Leader for the 110th Congress, defeating John Murtha of Pennsylvania by a vote of 149-86 within the caucus, despite Pelosi endorsing Murtha.[1][38] Hoyer is the first Marylander to become Majority Leader.[39] and became the highest-ranking federal lawmaker in Maryland history.[9] In this post, Hoyer was the floor leader of the House Democrats and ranked second in the leadership after the Speaker who is the actual head of the majority party in the house.

The day after the 2010 midterms elections in which the Democrats lost control of the House, Hoyer had a private conversation with Pelosi and stated that he would not challenge her bid for Minority Leader (for Pelosi to remain Democratic House Leader).[40] He ran for minority whip, but was challenged by outgoing Majority Whip Jim Clyburn (the top House Democrats want to remain in the leadership, but the minority party in the House has one less position). Hoyer is moderate while Pelosi and Clyburn are more liberal, and a significant number of Hoyer's would-be supporters in the House who were moderate and conservative Democrats had been defeated for re-election.[41][42][43] The Congressional Black Caucus backed Clyburn, while 30 House Democrats have supported Hoyer, and Hoyer has also raised money and campaigned for many candidates.[44][45] Hoyer received further support from outgoing Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Howard L. Berman, Financial Services Committee Chairman Barney Frank, and outgoing Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Henry A. Waxman[46] Pelosi intervened in the contest by supporting Hoyer as Minority Whip, while creating an "Assistant Leader" position for Clyburn which would keep him as the third-ranking Democrat in the House behind Pelosi and Hoyer (the existing "Assistant to the Leader" post formerly held by Chris Van Hollen is not officially part of the House leadership and was directly appointed by the Minority Leader).[47][48]

Electoral history[edit]

[49][50]

Year

Office

Election

Subject

Party

Votes

%

Opponent

Party

Votes

%

Opponent

Party

Votes

%

Opponent

Party

Votes

%

1981

Congress, 5th district

Special

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

42,573

55.81

Audrey Scott

Republican

33,708

44.19

1982

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

83,937

79.58

William Guthrie

Republican

21,533

20.42

1984

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

116,310

72.18

John Ritchie

Republican

44,839

27.82

1986

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

82,098

81.93

John Sellner

Republican

18,102

18.07

1988

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

128,437

78.63

John Sellner

Republican

34,909

21.37

1990

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

84,747

80.66

Lee Breuer

Republican

20,314

19.34

1992

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

113,280

55.0

Larry J. Hogan, Jr.

Republican

92,636

45.0

1994

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

98,821

58.81

Donald Devine

Republican

69,211

41.19

1996

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

121,288

56.92

John S. Morgan

Republican

91,806

43.08

1998

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

126,792

65.37

Robert Ostrom

Republican

67,176

34.36

2000

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

166,231

65.09

Thomas Hutchins

Republican

89,019

34.86

2002

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

137,903

69.27

Joseph Crawford

Republican

60,758

30.52

2004

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

204,867

68.67

Brad Jewitt

Republican

87,189

29.93

Bob Auerbach

Green

4,224

1.42

2006

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

168,114

82.69

Steve Warner

Green

33,464

16.46

Write Ins: P.Kuhnert and Other

635

1,110

0.86

2008

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

253,854

73.6

Collins Bailey

Republican

82,631

24.0

Darlene Nicholas

Libertarian

7,829

2.3

2010

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

143,620

64.3

Charles Lollar

Republican

79,122

35.6

H. Gavin Shickle

Libertarian

2,399

1.1

2012[51]

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

238,618

69.4

Tony O'Donnell

Republican

95,271

27.7

Bob Auerbach

Green

5,040

1.5

Arvin Vohra

Libertarian

4,503

1.3

2014[52]

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

144,725

64.0

Chris Chafee

Republican

80,752

35.7

Write-ins

563

0.2

2016[53]

Congress, 5th district

General

Steny Hoyer

Democratic

242,989

67.4

Mark Arness

Republican

105,931

29.4

Jason Summers

Libertarian

11,078

3.1

Write-ins

606

0.2

Personal life[edit]

Hoyer has three daughters, Anne, Susan, and Stefany from his marriage to Judy Pickett Hoyer, who died in 1997. In 2012, after Hoyer announced his support of same-sex marriage, his daughter Stefany Hoyer Hemmer came out as a lesbian in an interview with the Washington Blade.[54]

His wife was an advocate of early childhood education, and child development learning centers in Maryland have been named in her honor ("Judy Centers").[55] She also suffered from epilepsy, and the Epilepsy Foundation of America sponsors an annual public lecture in her name.[56] Hoyer, too, has been an advocate for research in this area, and the Epilepsy Foundation presented him in 2002 with their Congressional Leadership Award.[57]

Hoyer serves on the Board of Trustees for St. Mary's College of Maryland[5] and is a member of the board of the International Foundation for Electoral Systems, a nonprofit that supports international elections.[58] He is also an Advisory Board Member for the Center for the Study of Democracy.[59]

References[edit]

^ ab"Democrats defy Pelosi, elect Hoyer House leader". Reuters. November 16, 2006. Archived from the original on October 4, 2009. Retrieved 2006-11-16.

Analysis

Legislative Metrics

Read our 2017 Report Card for Hoyer.

Ideology–Leadership Chart

Hoyer is shown as a purple triangle ▲ in our ideology-leadership chart below. Each dot is a member of the House of Representatives positioned according to our liberal–conservative ideology score (left to right) and our leadership score (leaders are toward the top).

The chart is based on the bills Hoyer has sponsored and cosponsored. See full analysis methodology.

Ratings from Advocacy Organizations

Enacted Legislation

Hoyer was the primary sponsor of 36 bills that were enacted. The most recent include:

View All »

We consider a bill enacted if one of the following is true: a) it is enacted itself, b) it has a companion bill in the other chamber (as identified by Congress) which was enacted, or c) if about one third or more of its provisions were incorporated into bills that were enacted (as determined by an automated text analysis, applicable beginning with bills in the 110th Congress).

Bills Sponsored

Issue Areas

Hoyer sponsors bills primarily in these issue areas:

Government Operations and Politics (60%)Economics and Public Finance (40%)

Recent Bills

Some of Hoyer’s most recently sponsored bills include...

View All » | View Cosponsors »

As House Minority Whip, Hoyer may be focused on his responsibilities other than introducing legislation, such as setting the chamber’s agenda, uniting his party, and brokering deals.

Voting Record

Key Votes

Jun 13, 2017. Passed 368/55. A string of scandals hit the Department of Veterans Affairs in the past few years, including dozens of veterans dying while waiting for care within the required 14 days at VA hospitals, forcing President Obama’s VA Secretary to resign. A new bill that recently passed ...

Aye

H.Res. 937: Providing for consideration of the conference report to accompany the bill (S. 2943) to authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2017 for military activities of the Department ...

Dec 1, 2016. Passed 277/139.

Yea

H.R. 5461: Iranian Leadership Asset Transparency Act

Sep 21, 2016. Passed 282/143.

No

H.R. 2146: Defending Public Safety Employees’ Retirement Act

Jun 18, 2015. Passed 218/208. This vote made H.R. 2146 the vehicle for passage of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade deal currently being negotiated. H.R. 2146 was originally introduced as a bill to address issues with retirement funds of federal law enforcement officers and firefighters. ...

May 13, 2015. Passed 338/88. The USA Freedom Act (H.R. 2048, Pub.L. 114–23) is a U.S. law enacted on June 2, 2015 that restored in modified form several provisions of the Patriot Act, which had expired the day before. The act imposes some new limits on the bulk collection of ...

Jun 23, 2011. Passed 304/117. The Leahy–Smith America Invents Act (AIA) is a United States federal statute that was passed by Congress and was signed into law by President Barack Obama on September 16, 2011. The law represents the most significant change to the U.S. patent system since 1952, and ...

Missed Votes

From Jun 1981 to Mar 2018, Hoyer missed 570 of 22,097 roll call votes, which is 2.6%. This is on par with the median of 2.3% among the lifetime records of representatives currently serving. The chart below reports missed votes over time.

Show the numbers...

Time Period

Votes Eligible

Missed Votes

Percent

Percentile

1981 Apr-Jun

52

2

3.8%

25th

1981 Jul-Sep

106

4

3.8%

50th

1981 Oct-Dec

142

5

3.5%

42nd

1982 Feb-Mar

48

3

6.3%

50th

1982 Apr-Jun

119

5

4.2%

58th

1982 Jul-Sep

193

10

5.2%

50th

1982 Oct-Dec

99

2

2.0%

25th

1983 Jan-Mar

43

1

2.3%

17th

1983 Apr-Jun

182

7

3.8%

44th

1983 Jul-Sep

130

3

2.3%

50th

1983 Oct-Nov

143

2

1.4%

17th

1984 Jan-Mar

53

1

1.9%

28th

1984 Apr-Jun

223

6

2.7%

28th

1984 Jul-Sep

96

5

5.2%

61st

1984 Oct-Oct

36

0

0.0%

0th

1985 Jan-Mar

36

2

5.6%

40th

1985 Apr-Jun

154

3

1.9%

30th

1985 Jul-Sep

101

0

0.0%

0th

1985 Oct-Dec

148

4

2.7%

45th

1986 Jan-Mar

61

3

4.9%

55th

1986 Apr-Jun

128

3

2.3%

55th

1986 Jul-Sep

202

2

1.0%

40th

1986 Oct-Oct

60

1

1.7%

50th

1987 Jan-Mar

39

2

5.1%

69th

1987 Apr-Jun

187

7

3.7%

56th

1987 Jul-Sep

95

1

1.1%

30th

1987 Oct-Dec

167

6

3.6%

33rd

1988 Feb-Mar

49

0

0.0%

0th

1988 Apr-Jun

161

3

1.9%

41st

1988 Jul-Sep

152

1

0.7%

11th

1988 Oct-Oct

89

0

0.0%

0th

1989 Jan-Mar

14

0

0.0%

0th

1989 Apr-Jun

105

1

1.0%

21st

1989 Jul-Sep

128

8

6.3%

88th

1989 Oct-Nov

121

3

2.5%

35th

1990 Jan-Mar

60

2

3.3%

60th

1990 Apr-Jun

150

1

0.7%

26th

1990 Jul-Sep

183

7

3.8%

66th

1990 Oct-Oct

143

1

0.7%

31st

1991 Jan-Mar

62

0

0.0%

0th

1991 Apr-Jun

139

2

1.4%

35th

1991 Jul-Sep

81

2

2.5%

48th

1991 Oct-Nov

162

4

2.5%

57th

1992 Jan-Mar

66

6

9.1%

75th

1992 Apr-Jun

185

2

1.1%

20th

1992 Jul-Sep

196

7

3.6%

60th

1992 Oct-Oct

41

0

0.0%

0th

1993 Jan-Mar

127

2

1.6%

34th

1993 Apr-Jun

190

4

2.1%

41st

1993 Jul-Sep

164

2

1.2%

48th

1993 Oct-Nov

134

3

2.2%

62nd

1994 Jan-Mar

95

5

5.3%

76th

1994 Apr-Jun

219

6

2.7%

55th

1994 Jul-Sep

142

4

2.8%

50th

1994 Oct-Nov

51

1

2.0%

50th

1995 Jan-Mar

279

7

2.5%

71st

1995 Apr-Jun

189

10

5.3%

79th

1995 Jul-Sep

232

6

2.6%

66th

1995 Oct-Dec

185

3

1.6%

49th

1996 Jan-Mar

110

2

1.8%

41st

1996 Apr-Jun

182

2

1.1%

27th

1996 Jul-Sep

163

0

0.0%

0th

1997 Jan-Mar

71

2

2.8%

48th

1997 Apr-Jun

174

0

0.0%

0th

1997 Jul-Sep

232

10

4.3%

76th

1997 Oct-Nov

163

3

1.8%

55th

1998 Jan-Mar

89

3

3.4%

63rd

1998 Apr-Jun

185

1

0.5%

21st

1998 Jul-Sep

199

1

0.5%

16th

1998 Oct-Dec

74

1

1.4%

42nd

1999 Jan-Mar

73

2

2.7%

65th

1999 Apr-Jun

184

2

1.1%

27th

1999 Jul-Sep

204

6

2.9%

75th

1999 Oct-Nov

146

3

2.1%

44th

2000 Jan-Mar

95

1

1.1%

21st

2000 Apr-Jun

277

3

1.1%

34th

2000 Jul-Sep

130

3

2.3%

59th

2000 Oct-Dec

101

8

7.9%

54th

2001 Jan-Mar

75

1

1.3%

41st

2001 Apr-Jun

135

2

1.5%

34th

2001 Jul-Sep

149

4

2.7%

62nd

2001 Oct-Dec

153

3

2.0%

44th

2002 Jan-Mar

79

2

2.5%

57th

2002 Apr-Jun

203

9

4.4%

71st

2002 Jul-Sep

141

5

3.5%

62nd

2002 Oct-Nov

61

0

0.0%

0th

2003 Jan-Mar

94

1

1.1%

38th

2003 Apr-Jun

239

0

0.0%

0th

2003 Jul-Sep

193

4

2.1%

56th

2003 Oct-Dec

151

4

2.6%

40th

2004 Jan-Mar

104

6

5.8%

61st

2004 Apr-Jun

221

2

0.9%

26th

2004 Jul-Sep

161

2

1.2%

26th

2004 Oct-Dec

58

0

0.0%

0th

2005 Jan-Mar

90

1

1.1%

19th

2005 Apr-Jun

272

4

1.5%

46th

2005 Jul-Sep

146

0

0.0%

0th

2005 Oct-Dec

163

4

2.5%

46th

2006 Jan-Mar

81

0

0.0%

0th

2006 Apr-Jun

276

4

1.4%

39th

2006 Jul-Sep

159

6

3.8%

74th

2006 Nov-Dec

27

0

0.0%

0th

2007 Jan-Mar

213

4

1.9%

54th

2007 Apr-Jun

393

3

0.8%

26th

2007 Jul-Sep

317

6

1.9%

53rd

2007 Oct-Dec

263

2

0.8%

15th

2008 Jan-Mar

149

1

0.7%

9th

2008 Apr-Jun

321

3

0.9%

17th

2008 Jul-Sep

205

2

1.0%

26th

2008 Oct-Dec

15

0

0.0%

0th

2009 Jan-Mar

174

8

4.6%

80th

2009 Apr-Jun

303

11

3.6%

71st

2009 Jul-Sep

268

7

2.6%

66th

2009 Oct-Dec

246

13

5.3%

77th

2010 Jan-Mar

195

1

0.5%

13th

2010 Apr-Jun

219

4

1.8%

38th

2010 Jul-Sep

151

0

0.0%

0th

2010 Nov-Dec

99

4

4.0%

56th

2011 Jan-Mar

212

4

1.9%

66th

2011 Apr-Jun

281

9

3.2%

78th

2011 Jul-Sep

247

29

11.7%

95th

2011 Oct-Dec

208

9

4.3%

73rd

2012 Jan-Mar

151

2

1.3%

44th

2012 Apr-Jun

299

6

2.0%

58th

2012 Jul-Sep

152

2

1.3%

47th

2012 Nov-Dec

51

1

2.0%

38th

2013 Jan-Jan

5

0

0.0%

0th

2013 Jan-Mar

89

2

2.2%

58th

2013 Apr-Jun

215

8

3.7%

72nd

2013 Jul-Sep

200

22

11.0%

94th

2013 Oct-Dec

137

9

6.6%

85th

2014 Jan-Mar

148

2

1.4%

40th

2014 Apr-Jun

219

7

3.2%

68th

2014 Jul-Sep

147

4

2.7%

70th

2014 Nov-Dec

49

0

0.0%

0th

2015 Jan-Mar

144

6

4.2%

74th

2015 Apr-Jun

244

9

3.7%

80th

2015 Jul-Sep

139

3

2.2%

64th

2015 Oct-Dec

177

2

1.1%

52nd

2016 Jan-Mar

137

18

13.1%

89th

2016 Apr-Jun

204

12

5.9%

80th

2016 Jul-Sep

232

3

1.3%

55th

2016 Nov-Dec

48

0

0.0%

0th

2017 Jan-Mar

208

5

2.4%

67th

2017 Apr-Jun

136

7

5.1%

82nd

2017 Jul-Sep

199

4

2.0%

72nd

2017 Oct-Dec

167

5

3.0%

65th

2018 Jan-Mar

101

1

1.0%

30th

Primary Sources

The information on this page is originally sourced from a variety of materials, including: