The authors used a nationwide registry (in Sweden) with 10,903 children with celiac disease, 12,710 siblings, and more than 1 million control patients. The median age at diagnosis was 3 years and median duration of followup was 9.6 years.

Limitation: The actual reported incidence of psychiatric disorders seems low in both the CD patients and controls. It is possible that some of the difference could be related to selection bias. Patients with (undiagnosed) psychiatric disorders may be more likely to be anxious, and seek out medical attention for their GI complaints; this could precede a diagnosis of CD.

Strengths: This study has large numbers of patients and the data was prospectively obtained.

The association with increased psychiatric problems could have a biologic basis or be related to the toll of chronic gastrointestinal symptoms prior to diagnosis and the difficulty of managing CD.

My take: This is an intriguing study and suggests that patients with CD are more likely to be diagnosed with a psychological disorder. Whether CD itself or the preceding symptoms trigger this diagnosis is uncertain.

There are many medical challenges in treating patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and this has been discussed extensively in this blog (some links below). What is striking in managing these patients and families is how often there are significant psychosocial problems. Does this disorder serve as an excuse for other issues? Does the altered diet create enormous stress and isolation? Is the diagnosis of EoE an epiphenomenon for many of these patients?

While these questions are not answered, a recent retrospective study from a tertiary care center does provide some data on the frequency of psychosocial dysfunction in children and adolescents with EoE (JPGN 2013; 57: 500-05).

Psychosocial evaluation was offered as part of these patients’ clinical evaluation; this took place in 64 of 152 patients during the study timeframe. Subsequently, a retrospective review of these patients, who had been offered a 1-hour behavioral health assessment by either a psychologist or social worker, were analyzed.

Key findings:

69% had some psychosocial impairment

64% had social difficulties

41% had anxiety

33% had sleep difficulties

28% had depression

26% had school problems

44% had adjustment problems; this was more common in older children and in children with gastrostomy tubes

The main limitations of this study are its retrospective nature and the fact that only a minority of patients were analyzed; the latter indicates a high likelihood of a selection bias. The severity of EoE was not correlated with these problems, but could have been higher at a tertiary center.

Take-home message: As with other chronic diseases, EoE patients have frequent psychosocial health problems –this study starts to define the extent of the problem.