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2 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 27
Following the shelf studies, the investigations were concerned
with thirteen deep, submarine basins off southern California. One
hundred seventy-two large Campbell grab samples were taken in depths
of 627 to 2571 meters. Their analyses resulted in the documentation
(Hartman and Barnard, 1958-60) of 317 species of metazoan animals.
They belonged chiefly to four major groups of animals with the following distribution: 170 kinds of polychaetes; 55 crustaceans of which 34
were amphipods, 10 isopods, 3 tanaids, 2 cumaceans, 2 ghost shrimps,
I munnid crab and 3 or more ostracods; 30 echinoderms of which 22
were ophiuroids; 35 mollusks of which 17 were pelecypods, the other
18 including gastropods, scaphopods and solenogasters; 27 other
species including coelenterates, echiuroids, sipunculids, enteropneusts
and ascidians. Highest specific values were found in the Catalina and
San Pedro basins, with 119 and 115 specimens to a square meter
respectively, and lowest values were in Santa Monica, a longshore
basin, and San Nicolas and West Cortez basins, each with 12 specimens to a square meter. Standing crop values were uniformly low,
ranging from about 50 grams to a square meter (in a sample from an
outer basin, containing a large echiuroid) to a low of 1.5 grams to a
square meter in San Clemente basin. The number of specimens varied
from a high of 123 to a square meter in Catalina basin, to a low of
II in Santa Monica basin.
The continuation of the benthic program resulted in the recovery
of many species unknown to science. Some have been described (Hartman, 1961, and Barnard, 1959-1962), but many others, especially
from the lower ends of canyons, remain to be done and are currently
under study.
The third aspect of the benthic program was the investigation
of the submarine canyons, of which 13 were sampled and the biological
results given below. This sequence of studies—shelf, basin, canyon—
from a single geographic area, the borderlands of southern California,
makes possible a comparison of quantitative biological evaluations.
It should be noted, however, that slope depths are still largely unexplored, and future studies might concern themselves with sampling
these areas, starting at about the 200 meter depth to threshold depths
of all the basins.
The procedures for taking and processing the samples have varied
little except for the substitution of a larger, Campbell grab in deeper
bottoms, instead of the smaller orange-peel-grab used in the first

2 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 27
Following the shelf studies, the investigations were concerned
with thirteen deep, submarine basins off southern California. One
hundred seventy-two large Campbell grab samples were taken in depths
of 627 to 2571 meters. Their analyses resulted in the documentation
(Hartman and Barnard, 1958-60) of 317 species of metazoan animals.
They belonged chiefly to four major groups of animals with the following distribution: 170 kinds of polychaetes; 55 crustaceans of which 34
were amphipods, 10 isopods, 3 tanaids, 2 cumaceans, 2 ghost shrimps,
I munnid crab and 3 or more ostracods; 30 echinoderms of which 22
were ophiuroids; 35 mollusks of which 17 were pelecypods, the other
18 including gastropods, scaphopods and solenogasters; 27 other
species including coelenterates, echiuroids, sipunculids, enteropneusts
and ascidians. Highest specific values were found in the Catalina and
San Pedro basins, with 119 and 115 specimens to a square meter
respectively, and lowest values were in Santa Monica, a longshore
basin, and San Nicolas and West Cortez basins, each with 12 specimens to a square meter. Standing crop values were uniformly low,
ranging from about 50 grams to a square meter (in a sample from an
outer basin, containing a large echiuroid) to a low of 1.5 grams to a
square meter in San Clemente basin. The number of specimens varied
from a high of 123 to a square meter in Catalina basin, to a low of
II in Santa Monica basin.
The continuation of the benthic program resulted in the recovery
of many species unknown to science. Some have been described (Hartman, 1961, and Barnard, 1959-1962), but many others, especially
from the lower ends of canyons, remain to be done and are currently
under study.
The third aspect of the benthic program was the investigation
of the submarine canyons, of which 13 were sampled and the biological
results given below. This sequence of studies—shelf, basin, canyon—
from a single geographic area, the borderlands of southern California,
makes possible a comparison of quantitative biological evaluations.
It should be noted, however, that slope depths are still largely unexplored, and future studies might concern themselves with sampling
these areas, starting at about the 200 meter depth to threshold depths
of all the basins.
The procedures for taking and processing the samples have varied
little except for the substitution of a larger, Campbell grab in deeper
bottoms, instead of the smaller orange-peel-grab used in the first