Welcome Message

Warm Welcome to all as we affably invite you to attend the “International Conference on Climate
Change”, which will be held from 8th
to 9th July 2019 in Prague, Czech Republic. The theme for the
conference is “Climate
Change Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow: Analyzing problems and in forage for
solutions”.

Climate
Change being a contemporary discussion subject having its impact in all the
spheres starting from plants, animals, humans to economy of a country and even
more, in this conference we would be bringing together world’s renowned climatologists,
atmospheric
scientists, meteorologists,
climate
scientists, environmental
scientists, business delegates, researchers and students to enlighten us
regarding this topic. The Climate
Change conference will have discussions regarding the present scenario of climate
and how climate
change would take place in the near future and how we can avert to such
changes. This conference will serve both as knowledge sharing and knowledge
gaining arena. The conference would help in widening our knowledge as well as
providing opportunity to interact and exchange ideas with climate
scientist, environmental
scientist, marine
biologists, geologists,
wildlife
scientist, professors, academicians and researchers from all around the
globe. This conference will give insights into the recent technological
developments, new research findings, development of new solution models related
to climate
change and help in fostering information exchange. Our main aim is to bring
out the best results from this conference so that we as humans can make this
world a better place to live. We anticipate seeing you all in July and with
everyone’s cooperation and participation we hope to make this conference a
grand feat.

About the Conference

This International conference on Climate Change
2019 would be an agglomeration of brilliant minds bringing in new and
innovative ideas to help in dealing with climate
change. Climate
change is such a topic which would be having peoples from inter
disciplinary field to give their views regarding the different aspects of climate
change. This International conference would be a forum for both imparting
and as well as imbibing in with the new developments in this field. The
location of the conference is an added charm for all the participants as Prague
being ranked among the top five frequently visited cities in the European
Continent. Czech Republic claims 12 UNESCO World Heritage Sites with them which
would be very much alluring to visit. So the conference would be a mixed bag of
both knowledge circulating realm as well as to have some good leisure time
enjoying the country.

Scientific Sessions

Climate
change may be defined as the incessant day to day variation taking place in
the weather system throughout the world. The main factor behind the climate
change is human generated activities like increased consumption of fossil
fuel which in turn emits large amount of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide
(CO2), methane (CH4), chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrous oxide thereby
resulting in global warming. The most extensive use among these is the increased
use of carbon dioxide which comes due to consumption of fossil fuels and
deforestation. With course of time rate of CO2 consumption and emission is
increasing at a much faster speed than expected. There are various other
factors contributing to climate
change which are plate tectonic movements, volcanic eruptions, orbital
variations, ocean-atmosphere variability. Climate
Change 2019 will be a great event to discuss about the causes,
impacts and solutions to mitigate climate
change.

The study of previous or past climate
changes which took place over a large time span from the early history of
the emergence of the earth is known as Paleoclimatology. For this study
researchers use previous evidences known as proxies to understand about the
past climate.
Proxies are environmental proofs like tree rings, diatoms, coral reefs,
sediments, ice cores, rocks, glaciers
and, ice caps which gives us the details as to how the transformation in climate
took place. They also help us in getting an idea regarding the past climate
and envisaging the future climate.
The importance of Paleoclimatology is that it gives a picture of how climate
has been changing from the past and how the formation of present climate
took place. The data from the paleoclimate study gives information regarding
how plant and animal kingdom responded and adapted to the changes in the climate.
The study also tells us that the process of climate
change is a continuous phenomenon. Climate
Change 2019 will give us an insight into the past, present and
future climate
of the world.

Climate
and weather change always have an adverse effect on human health. Over the
years the temperature of the earth has been going on increasing leading to sea
level rise, melting of glacier and various other changes and this rate of climate
change is projected to increase rapidly over the next few years which would
escalate health problems and give birth to new diseases. Climate
changes affect the food and water quality which in turn becomes a serious
threat issue for humans. Climate
change gives rise to various kinds of infectious diseases with predominance
of vector borne diseases like dengue fever, malaria, and leishmaniasis. The
reason behind the dominance of vector borne diseases is the change in
temperature, rainfall which increases viral capacity of mosquitoes, which are
primary vectors for such diseases. Various other kinds of diseases such as
cardiopulmonary illness, mental health & stress problems are also result of
climate
changes. If there is coordination and cooperation internationally then
adverse impacts of climate
change can be prevented. Climate
Change 2019 will come up the issues of health problems and how we can deal with
these problems in the future.

For the last few decades, nature environmentalists and nature
scientists both have been observing distinct variations in the condition and
distribution of wildlife around the globe. Climate
change has a disastrous impact on the wildlife. The species are adapted to
a certain environment around them and any changes in the climate
whether it is temperature increase, changes in rainfall pattern, storms has a direct
effect in the animal species physiology and reproduction cycle consequently
bringing in change in their life cycle. Change in climate
also alters their food habits, supply of food may decrease, and shelter may be
destroyed affecting them in all aspects. All of the above reasons lead to
decline in number of animal species all over the world. Top taxonomic groups
are at a verge of extinction. Amphibians species having a very low level of
tolerance to climate
change and would perish at the earliest if this climate
change lingers. Climate
Change 2019 will be an awareness talk and take session discussing about how
to save wildlife as they serve human needs and it is high time that we put
forward our helping hand to them.

Result of climate
change in marine environment is unfavorable for marine organisms and it is
disrupting their normal life style, and this is prevalent starting from the
tropical region to both the poles. Sea levels are increasing at a faster rate
with about 8 inches higher than past century. Climate
change raises the sea level in two ways: As the water becomes warm it
expands and second reason is glaciers and ice caps are melting adding to the
water level. This rise in water levels has a direct impact on the coastal animals,
species and the ones residing near the low -lying areas. The species affected
by climate
change includes fishes, polar bears, walruses, penguins, sea lions and
different species of seabirds. The oceans are increasingly becoming acidic due
to large amount of carbon dioxide released by human activities. This increase
in the level of carbon dioxide makes fishes and other marine organisms’ difficulty
in their breathing. Birds are changing their migration routes because of climate change.
Food shortages are killing seabirds and their habitat is threatened to a large
extent. Climate
Change 2019 will talk about the problems encountered by the marine world
and how we as humans can contribute to make the impact of the climate
change less severe for them.

Climate
change and agriculture go hand in hand. Climate
change affects agriculture in a negative way and it has direct influence on
the food production. Studies have revealed that future climatic
changes will have negative impact in the crop production mainly in the low
latitude areas whereas effects may be either positive or negative in the
northern latitudes. The variations in rainfall pattern, temperature, soil
management affects the crops in turn food production which creates insecurity
of food in future. As different crops are adjusted to certain weather
conditions any change to the climate is obviously going to have impact on it.
The Climate
Change 2019 will give us a scope to know what defense mechanism to
implement so we would have a food secured future ahead.

The rapid pace at which climate
change is taking place is having more increased impact on natural
environment, humans as well as on the tourism sector. The tourism sector whose
main attractions are destinations like sunny seaside or cold mountains or
forests and national parks are facing problem with rise in temperature which is
affecting the coastal tourism infrastructure and tourism industry in the long
run. This change in climate
has adverse impacts on this sector leading to damage in the tourism business
ultimately affecting the economy. In many developing countries or islands where
tourism is the main source of income this significant decrease in number of
tourists will have grave employment impacts, economic turmoil, and will
generate poverty. Climate Change conference 2019 will bring up the challenges faced by this industry
and what preventive measures should be taken in this regard.

Previously people were compelled to leave their homes and migrate to
some other places due to civil wars, poverty, hunger, or any kind of political
instability but now the increasing levels of sea rise, hurricanes, droughts,
floods, storms and any other kind of extreme weather conditions is forcing
people to migrate, and the rate of migration is expected to grow furthermore.
As climate
changes have adverse consequences like shortage of food, water, shelter
creating health hazards this in turn is engenders to such extensive migration
and movement globally. The Paris Climate
Change Agreement put forward the need to protect the endangered population,
and in establishing advanced strategies which would minimize, and address
movements related to climatic
changes. There are no certain estimates of climate
change induced migration, but forecasts varies from 25 million to 1 billion
migrants by 2050.This Climate Change 2019 will be analyzing and discussing over the consequences due to
migration and solutions for the same.

Air pollution
and Climate
are interlinked entities. If one of them changes its sure to affect the other.
Researchers and scientist with the help of high-level techniques and
instruments were able to get a clear picture of the aerosols which are the
causative agents of pollution
when present in the atmosphere. The main source of air pollution is induced by
burning of fossil fuels especially emission of carbon dioxide and it not only
adds to pollution but
also brings about changes in the climate.
Additionally, lot of air pollutants that are harmful for human beings and
ecosystems also accord to climate
change. These air pollutants are so-called short-lived climate-forcing
pollutants (SLCPs) include black carbon, methane, sulphate aerosols and
ground-level ozone. Among these black carbon and methane to be specific have
significant impacts on the climate
leading to global warming. Pollution
should be controlled to best possible way by every individual and the Climate Change 2019 aims at coming up with new prevention strategies and solution
models to fight against pollution
kindling climate
change.

Solutions to climate
change are challenging but also achievable to some extent. The first and
foremost thing to do is to reduce the use of fossil fuels thereby reducing the
amount of greenhouse gas emission in the atmosphere. Transport system accounts
for the second major cause of greenhouse gas emission which, needs to be
improved and this can be achieved by switching to cycling or walking, cutting
down usage of airplane flights, using trains for short to medium distance
journey and replacing petrol run vehicles by hybrid or electric vehicles.
Another most important cause is deforestation like cutting down and destroying
large areas of world’s rainforest which store large amount of carbon so by avoiding
cutting down of trees and using better agricultural practices, proper forest
management methods, paper recycling would eliminate the massive bulk of
emission. The World is at a dangerous stage owing to climate
change and the Climate Change 2019 will be a wake up call for all the people encouraging them to
put forward good efforts, solutions in preventing our Mother Earth from Climatic
changes.

Energies generated from solar, wind, water and waves are clean and
add minute or no amount of greenhouse gases and hence are termed as clean energy also called
renewable energy as they can be used again and again. Climate
change and global warming along with emission of humongous amount of
greenhouse gases and increase in oil prices are all directing more towards the
use of renewable energy.

Wind Energy: Wind energy can be used for production of electricity.
Wind mills and wind turbines are built to harness energy of the wind to make
electricity. Preferred location for wind farms is areas with stronger wind flow
or at high altitude places.

Solar Energy: Energy from the sun has many applications. It’s
beneficial for both humans and plants. For plants they convert solar energy to
chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis and in case of humans, sun’s
energy striking on solar panels gets the energy converted with generation of
electricity. Another use of solar energy is its use as solar cooker. Instead of
conventional method, solar cooking uses sunlight for cooking and its cheap and
environment friendly.

Hydropower: Flowing rivers or streams, waves and tides helps in
production of mechanical energy. This is used for electricity generation and
accounts for single renewable energy source for electricity generation in the
United States and the largest contributor among all the renewable energy
sources and accounts for 6.7% of worldwide electricity production.

Renewable energy being cheap and more efficient its use is
increasing day by day and if properly used then it may give us a hope of having
a world free of greenhouse gas. This Climate
Change 2019 will give us new techniques, ideas as to how utilize these
renewable energies more efficiently.

Coal is one of the most important fuels, with the help of which 23%
of energy requirements are met and around 39% of electricity is generated from
coal. Nevertheless, burning of coal releases carbon dioxide and other emissions
which contribute to global warming and climate
change. Certain technologies are being developed to reduce the impact of
this generation of coal and thereby serving as a barrier to climate
change. Different types of technologies are available for clean coal
concept:

“Green” as the word itself implies is helping environment to grow
without any degradation. And Green
economy is the economic model with the objective of sustainable
development, improved human well being along with reduction of environmental
risks. In short Green
Economy can also be referred to as environment friendly economy. Green economy follows
certain principles and they are: Environment, Social and Economic and other
such principles. The International Conference on Climate
Change 2019 will help us to know more about Green Economy principles
and new innovations in this same field.

For helping scientist and researchers around the world in
understanding how the climate
was thousand years ago and in predicting the climate
of the future we use climate model, which are tools for understanding the climate
of the Earth. The base of climate models is that it uses different equations to
represent interactions and various processes that change the Earth’s climate.
The models follow the fundamental laws of physical, biological and chemical
mechanisms taking place in the Earth. There are different types of climatic models: Box models, Radiative-convective models, EMICs and GCMs. There are
various institutions were climatic models are made, implemented and are used.
By attending the conference on climate Change 2019 we will have a clear concept about the climatic models and its
working principle and role in forecasting the future climate.

Climate
engineering also known as Geoengineering is the application of engineering
with respect to Earth’s Climatic system with the objective of obstructing or
hindering climatic
changes. It involves various approaches and mechanizations to impede the
changes. Among them are carbon dioxide removal from atmosphere and solar
radiation management.

Solar Radiation management- Commonly known as Solar Geoengineering
refers to the technology which reflects sunlight which in turn reduces global
warming thereby bringing down earth’s temperature. The approach is to modify
Earth’s surface, or the other way is in using solar shade which would prevent
sunlight reaching the Earth in this way the Sun’s warming effect can be nullified.
Scientist has also come up with the concept of using literal shad built in
space which can reflect sunlight before it reaches earth. This management has
the possibility to reduce the impacts of climate
change but also prone to risk factor.

Carbon Dioxide removal Technique- One such technique is
Reforestation. This is required as large areas of forests are destroyed globally
every day. Forests are home to various species of birds, animals, and trees
which serve as store house of carbon. It involves re-establishing or replanting
zone of forest which were destroyed or damaged by some means previously usually
by deforestation. Forests form an essential part of the carbon cycle
maintenance in the atmosphere as trees and plants would be taking up carbon
dioxide for photosynthesis in the course removing the excess carbon dioxide
from the air. This forest acts as a carbon dioxide drinking machine reducing
its part from contributing to greenhouse gases. By using forest products also,
we can reduce the emission of fossil fuels. The Climate
Change 2019 will be considering and discussing over the different methods
of Climate
Engineering and their application in blocking climate
changes.

The Grantham Research Institute on Climate
Change and the Environment and the Sabin Center on Climate
Change Law has an entire database of more than 1200 policies involving 164
countries of the world. With time there is increase in the number of climate laws
and the number is 20 times more than that it was in 1997. The database gives us
an insight into the different approaches followed by the developed and
developing countries. After the Paris Agreement in December 2015, 47 more laws
were passed. The world’s least developed countries are getting more active on
these climate
laws or policies. Climate
Change 2019 will make everyone more aware about the climate laws
and different climate policies and would help them in implementing in their
respective countries.

Market Analysis

The economic impacts of climate
change as that presented by Stern Review to the British Government
predicted in reduction of world gross domestic product by several percent. This
reduction is due to increased extreme weather patterns like sea level rise,
melting of glaciers
and other stresses to low lying areas. After the 2016 Paris Agreement which was
signed to reduce emissions, researchers are monitoring at the impact that moves
towards a low carbon economy leading to financial stability.

The main problem faced by climate
change is how to reduce the carbon dioxide levels. The solution to this is
using high efficiency emission saving production technologies which can be
implemented and executed in countries around the world. The successful usage
would help in energy saving, reduction of emission and job creation. But the challenges
lie in implementing such technologies in countries having no financial
stability. The estimation by the World Bank is developing countries would need
$145-$175 billion and $30 and $100 billion for mitigation and adaption
respectively by the year 2030 annually. The increasing climate
change will also increase the energy costs, not only energy demand would
increase but also the supply of energy may diminish as power stations would be
compromised due to higher temperatures.

The Czech Republic government has plans to combat climate
changes through primary emission reduction targets by reducing its overall
emission by 32metric tons of CO2 equivalent in comparison to that recorded in
2005 by the year 2020 and by 2030 their aim is to reduce by 44 metric tons of
carbon dioxide equivalent. 11% of the greenhouse gas emission is contributed by
the industrial sector which accounts for 7% of the E.U emission in total and to
address this issue the government has employed the SEP of Czech Republic
2012-2020, which aims to improve the energy management.

Figure 1

The greenhouse gas emission particularly carbon dioxide emission is
rising along with the rise in overall temperature of the world. This is having
impact in various fields like wildlife, human, environment and another
important field that is economy. The economic consequences of climate
change globally will be costly and negative as depicted by Figure 1.

Top Research Institutes

Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford

Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town

The Energy and Resources Institute (India)

Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Alberto Luiz Coimbra
Institute of Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering (COPPE)

Grantham Research Institute for Climate
Change and the Environment, London School of Economics

Institute for the Study of International Development at McGill
University

This International Conference on Climate
Change 2019 will bring together a large pool of participants originating
from different fields across the globe and putting their point of view
regarding climate
change. The two day conference will be having speakers from different field
consisting of Climate
Scientist, geologists,
atmospheric
scientists, professors, researchers and students giving speeches on
upcoming relevant topics related to climatic
changes, there will be oral and poster presentations, workshops and lot more.
Talk ranging from variety of topics will enhance and take the conference to a
completely different level. The conference would broaden our horizon of
knowledge regarding all the topics of climate
change starting from causes, its aftereffect, available preventive
measures, different climatic models and new emerging technologies in handling
the climate
changes. So let’s enrich ourselves by joining and contributing to the International
Conference on Climate
Change 2019.