A. A. Borodinova*, A. B. Zuzina, and P. M. Balaban

Received August 4, 2016; Revision received October 26, 2016
Investigation of biochemical mechanisms underlying the long-term storage
of information in nervous system is one of main problems of modern
neurobiology. As a molecular basis of long-term memory, long-term
changes in kinase activities, increase in the level and changes in the
subunit composition of receptors in synaptic membranes, local activity
of prion-like proteins, and epigenetic modifications of chromatin have
been proposed. Perhaps a combination of all or of some of these factors
underlies the storage of long-term memory in the brain. Many recent
studies have shown an exclusively important role of atypical protein
kinases (PKCζ, PKMζ, and PKCι/λ) in processes of
learning, consolidation and maintenance of memory. The present review
is devoted to consideration of mechanisms of transcriptional and
translational control of atypical protein kinases and their roles in
induction and maintenance of long-term synaptic plasticity and memory
in vertebrates and invertebrates.
KEY WORDS: protein kinase Mζ, atypical protein kinases,
synaptic plasticity, memory, epigenetic regulation, histone
acetylation, methylation