Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Badkhyz, Turkmenistan, 1948-1982 Badkhyz, Turkmenistan, 1948-1982 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Litter decomposition experiment at Badkhyz (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Gilmanov, T. G. 1998. NPP Grassland: Badkhyz, Turkmenistan, 1948-1982. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of an ephemeral desert grassland was determined at the Badkhyz Nature Reserve Station in southern Turkmenistan between 1948 and 1982. These data are part of a series of a series of grassland data sets recently assembled and checked by Dr. Tagir Gilmanov, which cover a wide range of climate and "continentality" (increasing maximum summer temperatures,

's reaction came in a statement to the country's parliament by its President, Traian Basescu, on 14 April of Moldova.'' (Basescu, 2009). On the same day, Russia also weighed into the controversy, expressing ``deep-news/20090706/#c11 (accessed 7 July 2009). Basescu, T., 2009. President's address tothe Romanianparliamenton 14

A small independent operator hopes to start gas production this year in the eastern European republic of Moldova, which imports all oil and gas, mainly from Russia. Redeco Ltd. LLC, Oklahoma City, is seeking commercial customers in the town of Baimaclia for gas from a planned 5 km sales pipeline from nearby Victorovca field. The company is affiliated with Redexco ltd., Calgary, and Costilla Energy Inc., Midland, Tex. Redeco`s Victorovca 302 workover well in Cantemir County flowed 500 Mcfd of gas in December from 1,976--86 ft in the Miocene Sarmat formation. The well is in the eastern Carpathian basin. Most wells in Victorovca field are 30--45 years old, but Redeco believes it could economically redrill the field. Victorovca field extends about 12 km east-west and 4 km north-south.

2th Annual Turkmenistan International Oil and Gas Exhibition 2th Annual Turkmenistan International Oil and Gas Exhibition 12th Annual Turkmenistan International Oil and Gas Exhibition November 15, 2007 - 5:05pm Addthis Remarks as Prepared for Secretary Bodman Good morning ladies and gentlemen. I'm very pleased to be here with you today. Congratulations to our hosts on what appears to be the great success of this 12th annual Turkmenistan International Oil and Gas Exhibition. I understand that this year, for the first time ever, TIOGE is over-subscribed. This shouldn't surprise anyone. World demand for energy will increase by more than 50 percent over the next 25 years, requiring all of us to find significant new supplies and suppliers of energy. An astounding $22 trillion of new investment will be needed between now and 2030 to meet this expected demand.

The resource base, development history, current output, and future outlook for oil and gas production in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan are examined by a Western specialist with particular emphasis on the most important gas-oil province in the region, the Amu Dar`ya basin. Oil and gas have been produced in both newly independent countries for over a century, but production from the Amu Dar`ya province proper dates from the post-World War II period. Since that time, however, fields in the basin have provided the basis for a substantial natural gas industry (Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan consistently have trailed only Russia among the former Soviet republics in gas output during the last three decades). Despite high levels of current production, ample oil and gas potential (Turkmenistan, for example, ranks among the top five or six countries in the world in terms of gas reserves) contributes to the region`s prominence as an attractive area for Western investors. The paper reviews the history and status of several international tenders for the development of both gas and oil in the two republics. Sections on recent gas production trends and future outlook reveal considerable differences in consumption patterns and export potential in the region. Uzbekistan consumes most of the gas it produces, whereas Turkmenistan, with larger reserves and a smaller population, exported well over 85% of its output over recent years and appears poised to become a major exporter. A concluding section examines the conditions that will affect these countries` presence on world oil and gas markets over the longer term: reserves, domestic consumption, transportation bottlenecks, the likelihood of foreign investment, and future oil and gas demand. 33 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.

Moldova-Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies Moldova-Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies (EC-LEDS) Jump to: navigation, search Name Moldova-Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies (EC-LEDS) Agency/Company /Organization United States Agency for International Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States Department of Energy, United States Department of Agriculture, United States Department of State Sector Climate, Energy, Land Topics Low emission development planning, -LEDS Program Start 2010 Program End 2016 Country Moldova Eastern Europe References EC-LEDS[1] Contents 1 Overview 2 Framework 3 Lessons Learned and Good Practices 4 Progress and Outcomes 5 Fact Sheet 6 References Overview "Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies (EC-LEDS) is a

The poor condition and inefficient operation of the existing heat and hot water supply system in Turkmenistan is causing serious economic, social and environmental problems. Yet, the situation may very well change to the worse as increase of energy consumption is projected for near future. The country's commitment to reduce greenhouse gases emissions faces the challenge of ensuring that both the short- and long-term environmental impacts can be minimized while service levels of heat and hot water supply to the population are simultaneously improved. Despite the energy, economic, and environmental benefits of energy efficiency in Turkmenistan, little has been done to eliminate energy waste. Due historic legacy, there is a limited institutional capacity to increase energy efficiency. Achieving energy and environmental goals will require a basic institutional transformation. Gaps in polices and legislation in the area of energy efficiency and the lack capacity and institutional expertise in managing local, regional and national energy efficiency programs have to be addressed.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

The loss of the nuclear submarine Kursk and the fire in Moscow's TV tower are indications of an infrastructure in grievous disrepair. The outlook for Russia's technological infrastructure remains grim, experts insist. Almost 70 percent of the population ...

Otradnoe, Russia, 1969-1973 Otradnoe, Russia, 1969-1973 Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Gilmanov, T. G. 1996. NPP Grassland: Otradnoe, Russia, 1969-1973. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description The productivities of two meadows (i.e., one loamy soil, one sandy soil) were determined at the Otradnoe study site from 1969 to 1973. Measurements of monthly dynamics of above-ground and below-ground plant biomass were made for each growing season (April-October). Above-ground net primary production was estimated for each year. These data are part of a series of grassland data sets recently assembled and checked by Dr. Tagir Gilmanov, which cover a wide range of climate and "continentality" (increasing

Tuva, Russia, 1978-1985 Tuva, Russia, 1978-1985 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Forest-steppe foothills near Tuva (click on the photo to view a larger image from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Gilmanov, T. G. 1996. NPP Grassland: Tuva, Russia, 1978-1985. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of an ultra-continental steppe was determined at the Tuva study site from 1978 to 1985. Measurement of monthly dynamics of above-ground plant biomass were made for each growing season (May-August). Cumulative above-ground net primary production was estimated for some years. These data are part of a series of grassland data sets recently

#12;Kashagan Field Kashagan Field is an oil field located in Kazakhstan of the larger discoveries in that decade, it is es:mated that the Kashagan billion barrels (2.5Ã?109 m3) of oil. 9 M Migliaccio #12;Kashagan Field Isola

The DOE Office of Fossil Energy is maintaining a web site that is meant to provide useful business- and energy-related information about countries and regions of the world for exporters, project developers, and researchers. The site consists of more than 130 country pages (organized into seven different world regions), with each country page having its own set of links to information sources about that country. There are also more than 30 Country Energy Overviews at the web site -- each of these is a comprehensive review of a specific country's entire energy situation, including sections on Energy Policy, Oil, Natural Gas, Coal, Hydroelectric/Renewables, Nuclear Power, Energy Transmission Infrastructure, Electricity, Electric Industry Overview, Environmental Activities, Privatization, Trade, and Economic Situation. The specific country highlighted in this Country Energy Overview is Moldova. The site is designed to be dynamic. Updates to the overviews will be made as need and resources permit.

Recent increases in natural gas reserve estimates and advances in shale gas technology make natural gas a fuel with good prospects to serve a bridge to a low-carbon world. Russia is an important energy supplier as it holds ...

Russian buildings, Russian buildings sector energy consumption. Russian government has made R&D investment a priority again. The government and private sector both invest in a range of building energy technologies. In particular, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, district heating, building envelope, and lighting have active technology research projects and programs in Russia.

Recent increases in natural gas reserve estimates and advances in shale gas technology make natural gas a fuel with good prospects to serve a bridge to a low-carbon world. Russia is an important energy supplier as it holds the world largest natural gas reserves and it is the world’s largest exporter of natural gas. Energy was one of the driving forces of Russia’s recent economic recovery from the economic collapse of 1990s. These prospects have changed drastically with a global recession and the collapse of oil and gas prices from their peaks of 2008. An additional factor is an ongoing surge in a liquefied natural gas (LNG) capacity and a development of Central Asia’s and the Middle East gas supplies that can compete with Russian gas in its traditional (European) and potential (Asian) markets. To study the long-term prospects for Russian natural gas, we employ the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. While we consider the updated reserve estimates for all world regions, in this paper we focus on the results for Russian natural gas trade. The role of natural gas is explored in the context of several policy assumptions: with no greenhouse gas mitigation policy and scenarios of emissions targets in developed countries. Scenarios where Europe takes on an even more restrictive target of 80

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

This thesis is a normative work aimed at identifying locations in Russia with high, medium and unclear potentials for logistics cluster development. As a framework this work uses four different models of logistics clusters: ...

This article makes two principal points. First the author argues that the Russian federation has never been a state and is not sustainable as a state. Four centrifugal indicators are presented to support this claim: ethnic divisiveness; uncertainty about the legitimacy of Russia`s current borders; competing claims for legitimacy on the part of federal and regional leaders; and army units` unpredictable allegiances. Second, she argues that Soviet policies intended to facilitate central control of the periphery had the perverse effect of creating ethnic identity and demands for national autonomy where, in many cases, they did not exist prior to the Communist regime. Following the introduction, part one briefly reviews the concepts of state, nation, and nationalism and the roles they play in Russia. Criteria for state-hood are discussed. Part two lists the main ethnic groups in Russia and considers the roots of ethnic nationalism in the Russian Federation. Part three discusses confusion over the legitimacy of the physical, economic, and political boundaries of the Russian Federation. Part four discusses political disarray in the center and the regions and the lack of unity among order-enforcing entities. The Volga-Ural region -- where there is a large concentration of nuclear weapons and facilities, and which is especially volatile politically -- is discussed in somewhat more detail. Part five argues that these factors taken together call into question Russia`s identity as a state. The author concludes that Russia remains a multi-ethnic empire in which the rule of law is still not supreme.

In an effort to characterize seismicity in support of nuclear explosion monitoring for the continental regions of northeast Russia, we have been analyzing information obtained from regional seismic network operators. Our goal is to merge catalog, bulletin, waveform, and other ground truth data from several regional networks into a comprehensive data set that we will use for various seismic research projects. To date we have compiled a bulletin from published and unpublished event data of about 200,000 events and over 150,000 arrival times. We have also determined that the Russian regional network catalogs are contaminated with mining-explosion events. Hence, one of our primary efforts is to identify mining events when possible and move them into a separate bulletin from the natural earthquakes. We have extended our preliminary analysis of explosion contamination of Russian seismicity catalogs using temporal analysis into the Irkutsk and Chita districts and the Buryat Republic. Based on analysis of epicenters and origin times reported in Material po Seismichnost' Sibiri for 1970 -- 1993, it is likely that considerable explosion contamination occurs in the gold (Bodaibo, northern Irkutsk Region, and in the Chita region), mica (Vitim, northern Irkutsk Region), and other mining areas (Bushulei, Nerchinsk, and Petrovsk in the Buryat and Chita areas). Explosion contamination is also observed in northernmost Mongolia in the mining and industrial district near Darkhan. Explosions associated with the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline Railroad are likely, as was observed in the Amur district; however, the amount of natural seismicity dominates the activity and makes it impossible to resolve the railroad separately. In conjunction with the Magadan Seismic Network operators,...

The report is a brief survey of the current state of well-logging service in Russia (number and types of crews, structure of well-logging jobs, types of techniques used, well-logging equipment, auxiliary downhole jobs, etc.). Types and peculiarities of well data acquisition and processing hardware and software are discussed (petrophysics included). New well-logging technologies used in Russia (new methods of electric logging data processing, electromagnetic logging, pulse neutron logging, nuclear magnetic resonance logging, acoustic tomography, logging-testing-logging technique, etc.) are surveyed. Comparison of the Tengiz field (Kazakhstan) well data obtained by Schlumberger and Neftegazgeofizika Association crews is given. Several problems and drawbacks in equipment and technology used by well-logging crews in Russia are discussed.

After the implosion of communism in the USSR (1991) was a real disintegration of the Soviet space, which resulted in five sets geopolitical: Russian Federation, Baltic States, Eastern European States, States Transcaucasian and Central Asian States. In ... Keywords: "national subjects", Russia, democratization, secession, unity

As a result of the allocation of emissions reductions, and the differential willingness of countries to ratify, it turns out that Russia is a central player in the Kyoto Protocol. With the U.S. out and Japan and the EU ...

Poneman to Travel to Russia Poneman to Travel to Russia Deputy Secretary Poneman to Travel to Russia December 3, 2010 - 12:00am Addthis Washington, D.C. - On Monday, December 6, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy Daniel Poneman will travel to Russia as part of the ongoing cooperation between the two countries on nuclear security and peaceful nuclear energy issues. On Tuesday, Deputy Secretary Poneman will co-chair the U.S.-Russia Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Security Working Group Plenary Meeting with Director General of the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom" Sergei Kiriyenko. The Working Group was established under the U.S.-Russia Bilateral Presidential Commission at the July 2009 Presidential Summit. Last fall, Director Kiriyenko visited the United States for the first meetings of the

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

In 1993, the Russian Federation set out a new military doctrine that would determine the direction of its armed forces until President Putin set out the next doctrine in 2000. The Russian Federation creating the doctrine was new; the USSR had recently collapsed, Gorbachev - the creator of the predecessor to this doctrine in 1987 - was out of office, and the new Russian military had only been formed in May, 1992.1 The analysis of the 1993 doctrine is as follows: a definition of how doctrine is defined; a short history of Russian military doctrine leading up to the 1993 doctrine (officially the Basic Provisions of the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation); and finally, what the doctrine established. An overview of the 1993 doctrine is: (1) Russia's 1993 doctrine was a return to older, more aggressive doctrine as a result of stability concerns surrounding the recent collapse of the USSR; (2) Russia turned from Gorbachev's 'defensive defense' in the 1987 doctrine to aggressive defense with the option of preempting or striking back against an aggressor; (3) Russia was deeply concerned about how nationalism would affect the former Soviet Republics, particularly in respect to the ethnic Russians still living abroad; and (4) Nuclear doctrine pledged to not be the first to use nuclear weapons but provided for the potential for escalation from a conventional to a nuclear war. The 2000 doctrine (officially the Russian Federation Military Doctrine) was created in a more stable world than the 1993 doctrine was. The Russian Federation had survived independence and the 'threat of direct military aggression against the Russian Federation and its allies' had diminished. It had secured all of the nuclear weapons from its neighbors Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, and had elected a new president, Vladimir Putin, to replace Boris Yeltsin. Yet, even as the doctrine took more defensive tones than the 1993 doctrine, it expanded its nuclear options. Below are a new definition of what doctrine meant in 2000 and an outline of the 2000 doctrine. An overview of the 2000 doctrine is: (1) The 2000 doctrine was a return to a more defensive posture; the threat of nuclear retaliation, rather than that of preemptive force, would be its deterrence; (2) In order to strengthen its nuclear deterrence, Russia extended and redefined the cases in which nuclear weapons could be used to include a wider range of conflict types and a larger spectrum of attackers; and (3) Russia's threats changed to reflect its latest fear of engaging in a limited conflict with no prospect of the use of nuclear deterrence. In 2006, the defense minister and deputy prime minister Sergei Ivanov announced that the government was starting on a draft of a future doctrine. Four years later, in 2010, the Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation was put into effect with the intent of determining Russian doctrine until 2020. The 2010 doctrine, like all previous doctrines, was a product of the times in which it was written. Gone were many of the fears that had followed Russia for the past two decades. Below are an examination of the 2010 definition of doctrine as well as a brief analysis of the 2010 doctrine and its deviations from past doctrines. An overview of the 2010 doctrine is: (1) The new doctrine emphasizes the political centralization of command both in military policy and the use of nuclear weapons; (2) Nuclear doctrine remains the same in many aspects including the retention of first-use; (3) At the same time, doctrine was narrowed to using nuclear weapons only when the Russian state's existence is in danger; to continue strong deterrence, Russia also opted to follow the United States by introducing precision conventional weapons; (4) NATO is defined as Russia's primary external threat because of its increased global presence and its attempt to recruit states that are part of the Russian 'bloc'; and (5) The 2000 doctrine's defensive stance was left out of the doctrine; rumored options for use of nuclear weapons in local wars and in preemptive strikes were also left out.

This paper reports that natural gas, not oil or coal, will pull Russia out of its fuel production slump by the end of the century, predicts a recently disclosed study by Moscow's leading energy specialists. Western investment in Russia's natural gas industry is now being proposed on a scale rivaling foreign outlays for joint ventures aimed at stabilizing the republic's oil production.

Russia to Advance Energy Security Russia to Advance Energy Security Secretary Bodman Travels to Russia to Advance Energy Security March 15, 2006 - 12:20pm Addthis Promotes Transparent Markets and Clean Energy Technologies; Participates in G8 Energy Ministerial and Delivers Remarks on the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership MOSCOW, RUSSIA-U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman today began a two-day visit to Russia where he will lead the U.S. delegation to the G8 Energy Ministerial. During his visit the Secretary will promote greater energy security through the use of advanced energy technologies, the promotion of stable and transparent investment climates, and increased conservation and energy efficiency. Secretary Bodman will also deliver remarks to the Carnegie Center on the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership

USAID Climate Activities USAID Climate Activities Jump to: navigation, search Name Russia-USAID Climate Activities Agency/Company /Organization U.S. Agency for International Development Partner U.S. Forest Service Sector Land Focus Area Forestry Topics Background analysis Website http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/ Country Russia Eastern Europe References USAID Russia[1] "Currently, USAID/Russia addresses global climate change issues through its support to the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). Forests play an important role in mitigating the effects of climate change; therefore establishing good management practices and avoiding deforestation are critical. USFS collaboration with Russia focuses on sustainable forest management topics, including inventory and monitoring, fire management, illegal logging, and

Centrally Planned Europe Centrally Planned Europe Â» Russian Federation Russia Federation Fossil-Fuel CO2 Emissions Graph graphic Graphics Data graphic Data Trends Since 1992 total fossil-fuel CO2 emissions from the Russian Federation have dropped 23% to 466 million metric tons of carbon, still the fourth largest emitting country in the world and the largest emitter of the republics comprising the former USSR. Emissions from gas consumption still represent the largest fraction (49.1%) of Russia's emissions and only recently have returned to the 1992 level. Emissions from coal consumption have dropped 25.5% since 1992 and presently account for 26.6% of Russia's emissions. Russia has the largest population of any Eastern European country with a population of 141 million people. From a per capita standpoint, Russia's

Despite the high quality of the work being conducted under the US/Russian Science and Despite the high quality of the work being conducted under the US/Russian Science and Technology collaborations, the product of that work will inevitably be underutilized unless it is disseminated to the broader scientifi c community. In response to this realization, and with the objective of maximizing the benefi t of the collaboration, the researchers involved in these collaborations often publish their work. This particular project has resulted in the publication (by Springer-Verlag) of an extensive (over 400 pages) book on the topic of shock physics. The fi rst line of the preface reads, "This book is the result of collaboration between the Russian Federal Nuclear Center - All Russian Scientifi c Research Institute of Experimental Physics (RFNC-VNIIEF) located in Sarov, Russia, and the University of California-Los Alamos

Working with Russia Working with Russia Working with Russia Posted: February 11, 2013 - 3:34pm | Y-12 Report | Volume 9, Issue 2 | 2013 For decades official maps did not show Zheleznogorsk, Russia. Created in 1950 to produce weapons-grade plutonium, the Siberian city of about 90,000 existed in secrecy until the Cold War's close in 1991. The end of that conflict between the U.S. and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics meant the end of weapons production, causing thousands of highly skilled Russian nuclear workers to lose their livelihood. "As the Russians were reducing the number of personnel in the weapons business, the U.S. didn't want the workers to be desperate and wonder how they were going to feed their families," said Y-12 Program Manager Ken Williams.

Two significant mining regions in Russia lie near Novosibirsk and at the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. A small percentage of events from these areas trigger the International Monitoring System (IMS). We have studied IMS recordings of events from these areas with the main goal of better understanding how these blasts are detonated and how these events will be most effectively monitored using IMS data. We have collected ground-truth information on the mining blasts and crustal structure in the area to facilitate modeling of the events. We have focused on sifting out from further consideration routine mining events and identifying detonation anomalies. We define master traces to represent tight clusters of mining events and to be used to identify anomalous events. We have examined recordings of events from eight significant event clusters in the 500-km-long Kuzbass/Abakan mining trend near Novosibirsk. The recordings were made by the IMS station ZAL. We see significant variations in the P onset and early coda between different events in clusters. We have found strong evidence of a detonation anomaly in just one of the events (out of 178 examined). Differences in the onset wave trains are attributed largely to differences in the firing patterns. Time independent spectral modulations have been observed in seismic signals produced by delay-fired mining events in mining regions throughout the world. The Novosibirsk trend is no exception to this rule. Delay-fired events in many mining regions, such as Kuzbass/Abakan, are also commonly associated with enhanced long-period (2- to 8-s) surface waves. The mine blasts in Russian mining regions appear, seismically, to resemble large blasts recorded in other regions (such as Wyoming). Techniques found to be effective in Wyoming, reviewed by...

and Azerbaijan, Moldova and Ukraine, as well as all Uzbek borders. We verified that the degree of market Azerbaijan Moldova Kyrgyz Republic Ukraine Uzbekistan Armenia Russia .25.3.35.4.45.5 SupportfortheMarket 25

The primary objective of this study is to assess the oil and gas potential of the West Siberian Basin of Russia. The study does not analyze the costs or technology necessary to achieve the estimates of the ultimate recoverable oil and gas. This study uses reservoir data to estimate recoverable oil and gas quantities which were aggregated to the field level. Field totals were summed to a basin total for discovered fields. An estimate of undiscovered oil and gas, from work of the US Geological Survey (USGS), was added to give a total basin resource volume. Recent production decline points out Russia`s need to continue development of its discovered recoverable oil and gas. Continued exploration is required to discover additional oil and gas that remains undiscovered in the basin.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

United States, Russia Sign Agreement to Further Research and United States, Russia Sign Agreement to Further Research and Development Collaboration in Nuclear Energy and Security United States, Russia Sign Agreement to Further Research and Development Collaboration in Nuclear Energy and Security September 16, 2013 - 11:18am Addthis NEWS MEDIA CONTACT (202) 586-4940 VIENNA - U.S. Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz and Director General of the Russian Federation State Corporation "Rosatom" Sergey Kirienko today signed the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation on Cooperation in Nuclear- and Energy-Related Scientific Research and Development on the margins of the International Atomic Energy Agency's General Conference in Vienna, Austria. The Agreement provides the legal framework necessary to expand cooperation

States, Russia Sign Agreement to Further Research and States, Russia Sign Agreement to Further Research and Development Collaboration in Nuclear Energy and Security United States, Russia Sign Agreement to Further Research and Development Collaboration in Nuclear Energy and Security September 16, 2013 - 11:18am Addthis NEWS MEDIA CONTACT (202) 586-4940 VIENNA - U.S. Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz and Director General of the Russian Federation State Corporation "Rosatom" Sergey Kirienko today signed the Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation on Cooperation in Nuclear- and Energy-Related Scientific Research and Development on the margins of the International Atomic Energy Agency's General Conference in Vienna, Austria. The Agreement provides the legal framework necessary to expand cooperation

report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical agency report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The information contained herein should be attributed to the Energy Information Administration and should not be construed as advocating or reflecting any policy of the Department of Energy or any other organization. DOE/EIA - 0617 Distribution Category UC-950 Oil and Gas Resources of the West Siberian Basin, Russia November 1997 Energy Information Administration Office of Oil and Gas U. S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 Energy Information Administration Oil and Gas Resources of the West Siberian Basin, Russia iii Preface Oil and Gas Resources of the West Siberian Basin, Russia is part of the Energy Information Administration's

This paper reports that Russia is stepping up its imports of petroleum hardware. In the latest developments; Nippon Steel Corp. and C. Itoh and Co. Ltd., Tokyo, signed contracts to provide Russia $300 million worth of export credits for steel pipe and undisclosed drilling equipment; Nizhnevartovskneftegaz, a Russian oil and gas production association, asked the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development for a $60 million loan to buy western oil and gas equipment. The hardware, mostly pipe, tools, pumps, and workover rigs, will be used in part to return shut-in wells to production.

This report describes the repowering of a supercritical 250 MW generating unit with an ABB 52.9 MN gas turbine at the Southern Plant of the Lenenergo system in Russia. It includes a review of the performance parameters of the repowered unit and an economic analysis of the repowering project.

to Travel to Russia Next Week to Travel to Russia Next Week Secretary Chu to Travel to Russia Next Week June 3, 2011 - 12:00am Addthis WASHINGTON - U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu will travel to Russia from June 6-11 where he will highlight the tremendous potential for mutually beneficial cooperation and shared economic opportunities with Russia in the areas of innovative clean energy technology, safe and reliable civilian nuclear power, best practices in energy efficiency, and nuclear non-proliferation. The visit will promote continued collaboration between U.S. and Russian scientists, technical experts, and energy sector businesses. It will also pave the way for U.S. investment and clean technology exports to Russia. "From clean energy to nuclear security, the United States and Russia have a

This project involved the installation of a 200kW PC25C{trademark} phosphoric-acid fuel cell power plant at Orgenergogaz, a Gazprom industrial site in Russia. In April 1997, a PC25C{trademark} was sold by ONSI Corporation to Orgenergogaz, a subsidiary of the Russian company ''Gazprom''. Due to instabilities in the Russian financial markets, at that time, the unit was never installed and started by Orgenergogaz. In October of 2001 International Fuel Cells (IFC), now known as UTC Fuel Cells (UTCFC), received a financial assistance award from the United States Department of Energy (DOE) entitled ''Demonstration of PC 25 Fuel Cell in Russia''. Three major tasks were part of this award: the inspection of the proposed site and system, start-up assistance, and installation and operation of the powerplant.

A Joint Coordinating Committee for Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (JCCEM) was formed between the US and Russia. This report describes the areas of research being studied under JCCEM, namely: Efficient separations; Contaminant transport and site characterization; Mixed wastes; High level waste tank remediation; Transuranic stabilization; Decontamination and decommissioning; and Emergency response. Other sections describe: Administrative framework for cooperation; Scientist exchange; Future actions; Non-JCCEM DOE-Russian activities; and JCCEM publications.

This paper reports that frustration is mounting among foreign petroleum companies chasing business opportunities in Russia. Political uncertainty continues to block large oil and gas exploration and production deals there. Most foreign officials believe Russia's transformation from a centrally planned economy to a market economy is irreversible. But enough political, social, and economic uncertainty persists that Russian leaders are hesitant to approve deals with foreign companies. The lack of certainty among leaders of the former Soviet republic about who controls Russia's natural resources, who can approve contracts, and who determines winners of bid tenders is causing confusion among foreign companies trying to negotiate major E and P deals. With no clearly successful path apparent for completing large deals, various secondary negotiating strategies are prevailing. Russian industry specialists say those secondary strategies work best for small deals involving relatively small players in less prospective regions. Meantime, countervailing political forces within the country, the world's top producer of oil and gas, continue to buffet petroleum companies that are negotiating deals or getting projects off the ground.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

China and Russia to Join the Generation IV International Forum China and Russia to Join the Generation IV International Forum China and Russia to Join the Generation IV International Forum July 13, 2006 - 3:03pm Addthis International Scope of Nuclear Nations Pursuing Advanced Reactors Broadens WASHINGTON, DC - U.S. Department of Energy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy Dennis Spurgeon today announced that China and Russia are expected to join the Generation IV International Forum (GIF), a group of the world's leading nuclear nations who are working together to develop more efficient and less waste-intensive advanced reactors to meet future energy challenges. Earlier today, the GIF Policy Group voted unanimously to extend an offer of membership to China and Russia. China and Russia's formal entry into GIF is expected to be finalized by November 2006.

China and Russia to Join the Generation IV International Forum China and Russia to Join the Generation IV International Forum China and Russia to Join the Generation IV International Forum July 13, 2006 - 3:03pm Addthis International Scope of Nuclear Nations Pursuing Advanced Reactors Broadens WASHINGTON, DC - U.S. Department of Energy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy Dennis Spurgeon today announced that China and Russia are expected to join the Generation IV International Forum (GIF), a group of the world's leading nuclear nations who are working together to develop more efficient and less waste-intensive advanced reactors to meet future energy challenges. Earlier today, the GIF Policy Group voted unanimously to extend an offer of membership to China and Russia. China and Russia's formal entry into GIF is expected to be finalized by November 2006.

This paper reports that Russia plans in coming months to call for international tenders covering joint venture development of two oil fields and one oil and gas/condensate field in western Siberia. None has seen extensive drilling. Here are details on the fields: North Priob field is in the KhantiMansi autonomous district of the Tyumen region, one of the most industrially developed oil producing areas of western Siberia. Salim field also is in the KhantiMansi autonomous district of the Tyumen region.

Financing is a significant barrier to energy efficiency in Russia. Many banks and Western companies would like to invest in energy efficiency projects in Russia, but are frustrated by the lack of Western-style business planning and preparation in Russian project proposals. With support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has organized several training workshops on writing business plans for energy efficiency projects.
Russian project proposals typically describe the technical measures to be implemented, and they provide a simple payback analysis of the costs. The most difficult tasks for Russian business people are often developing a marketing plan, using creative financing techniques, describing the implementation plan in sufficient detail, and providing appropriate information on the organizations involved in the project.
As Russians learn to prepare solid business plans, their ability to attract financing for energy efficiency projects and successfully implement such projects will increase. Business planning also provides a useful framework for assessing energy projects. In this sense, it can help Russian business people better understand the advantages of energy efficiency and increase their willingness to invest in demand-side measures.

Paper prepared for a special issue of Journal des Economistes et des Etudes Humaines (2001). We thank John Robert Subrick for helpful comments on an earlier version. 1 Entrepreneurial effectiveness is measured by the movement of economic actors – their alertness to opportunities for mutual gain, and their sense of when and where to enter and exit a market. Consumers send signals to entrepreneurs, signaling when it is demanded that they enter or exit the market. Markets are measured by both quantitative and qualitative parameters. The size of the market matters, but so does the ability of the market to work, that is, to send clear signals to participants. Our purpose is to examine the Russian market’s quantity and quality. How many producers and consumers are getting together is one part of the puzzle. The larger part of our story is how well they are able to make deals. The Russian economic system has been a state of continual turmoil and reform for over a century, making it difficult for business to develop as the political, legal, and economic foundation continually shifts. The beginning of the 20th century saw Russia struggling to change its economic system from feudalism to mercantilism under the Czars. World War I ended with Russia in the midst of transforming its economic and political system into the world’s first full-fledged communist system. The

States-Russia Joint Statement on the Results of the Nuclear States-Russia Joint Statement on the Results of the Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Security Working Group Meeting United States-Russia Joint Statement on the Results of the Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Security Working Group Meeting December 10, 2010 - 12:00am Addthis Moscow - Earlier this week, Deputy Secretary of Energy Daniel Poneman, representing the United States government, signed a joint statement with Russia's Director General of the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom" Sergey Kirienko on the results of the Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Security Working Group meeting that took place on December 6-7, 2010. The Working Group meeting strengthened cooperation between the U.S. and Russia on civil nuclear energy and nuclear security. Read the joint statement (PDF - 412 kb) signed by Deputy Secretary Poneman

This article discusses the pros and cons of geothermal energy source development in the Russian Federation. It estimates the geothermal reserves in each area of the Federation and presents the data in terms of tons of conventional fuels. Across the region, the average specific density exceeds 2,000,000 tons of conventional fuel per cubic kilometer. In the administrative regions of central Russia, the geothermal reserves are estimated to range from 160 years to 4200 years. The economic feasibility of developing these resources in the administrative regions is also explored, and it is concluded that the geothermal heat source is a source of hot water that is far superior to the conventional electric boiler-house source.

This paper will summarize the DOE/Russian Ministry of Fuel and Energy (MF and E) activities in Russia's Northern Territories in the field of hybrid wind-diesel power systems over the last three years (1997-1999). The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) supplied technical assistance to the project, including resource assessment, system design, site identification, training and system monitoring. As a result, several wind-diesel systems have been installed and are operating in the Arkhangelsk/Murmansk regions and in Chukotka. NREL designed and provided sets of data acquisition equipment to monitor several of the first pilot wind-diesel systems. NREL's computer simulation models are being used for performance data analysis and optimizing of future system configurations.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Romania successfully completed the world’s first air shipment of spent nuclear fuel transported in Type B(U) casks under existing international laws and without shipment license special exceptions when the last Romanian highly enriched uranium (HEU) spent nuclear fuel was transported to the Russian Federation in June 2009. This air shipment required the design, fabrication, and licensing of special 20 foot freight containers and cask tiedown supports to transport the eighteen TUK 19 shipping casks on a Russian commercial cargo aircraft. The new equipment was certified for transport by road, rail, water, and air to provide multi modal transport capabilities for shipping research reactor spent fuel. The equipment design, safety analyses, and fabrication were performed in the Russian Federation and transport licenses were issued by both the Russian and Romanian regulatory authorities. The spent fuel was transported by truck from the VVR S research reactor to the Bucharest airport, flown by commercial cargo aircraft to the airport at Yekaterinburg, Russia, and then transported by truck to the final destination in a secure nuclear facility at Chelyabinsk, Russia. This shipment of 23.7 kg of HEU was coordinated by the Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return Program (RRRFR), as part of the U.S. Department of Energy Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI), in close cooperation with the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation and the International Atomic Energy Agency, and was managed in Romania by the National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control (CNCAN). This paper describes the planning, shipment preparations, equipment design, and license approvals that resulted in the safe and secure air shipment of this spent nuclear fuel.

The Joint Parallel Nuclear Alternatives Study for Russia (JPNAS) is a parallel study to the Joint Electric Power Alternatives Study (JEPAS). The JPNAS assessed the costs of enhancing the safety level of Russian nuclear power plants (NPPs), decommissioning of RBMK-1000 and first generation VVER-440 units, completion of NPP construction, NPP repowering into fossil fuel plants, and construction of new generation NPPs. In the framework of the JEPAS, the JPNAS provides data on the nuclear sector which is needed to formulate an integrated resources plan and schedule for investments for the development of Russia`s power sector.

And Russia Complete Nuclear Security Upgrades Under Bratislava And Russia Complete Nuclear Security Upgrades Under Bratislava Initiative U.S. And Russia Complete Nuclear Security Upgrades Under Bratislava Initiative December 23, 2008 - 9:18am Addthis WASHINGTON, DC -The U.S. Department of Energy today delivered the Bratislava Nuclear Security report to the White House, which detailed the status of work agreed to by Presidents Bush and Putin in Bratislava in 2005. U.S. and Russian officials from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), the U.S. Department of Defense, the Russian Ministry of Defense and State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom" reviewed work to complete nuclear security upgrades in Russia at meetings in Moscow last week. Building on this success, both

Joint Statement on Future U.S.-Russia Nuclear Energy and Joint Statement on Future U.S.-Russia Nuclear Energy and Nonproliferation Collaboration Following Russian Delegation Visit to the United States Joint Statement on Future U.S.-Russia Nuclear Energy and Nonproliferation Collaboration Following Russian Delegation Visit to the United States December 10, 2013 - 2:30pm Addthis News Media Contact (202) 586-4940 U.S. Secretary of Energy Ernest Moniz and State Corporation for Nuclear Energy (Rosatom) Director General Sergey Kirienko today held talks in Washington, D.C., about the future of U.S.-Russia collaborative work in the nuclear energy field, including nuclear research and development, commercial aspects of cooperation, nuclear safety, and nonproliferation. The meeting coincided with the arrival of the final shipment of low

The potentialities of the leading mining districts in Russia to improve coal production by strip mining are analyzed. The operational issues of the Erunakovskiy (Kuzbass), Kansko-Achinskiy and South Yakutia territorial production complexes are considered.

Analyzes Russia's social, cultural, political heritage; Eurasian imperialism; and autocracy. Compares reforming and revolutionary impulses in the context of serfdom, the rise of the intelligentsia, and debates over capitalism. ...

At the beginning of the eighteenth century Russia began to come into its own as a major European power. Members of the Russian intellectual classes increasingly compared themselves and their autocratic order to states and ...

Off-line simulations of improved bucket hydrology and Simplified Simple Biosphere (SSiB) models are performed for a grassland vegetation catchment region, located at the Valdai water-balance research station in Russia, forced by observed ...

US Forest Service Climate Change Technical Cooperation US Forest Service Climate Change Technical Cooperation Jump to: navigation, search Name Russia-US Forest Service Climate Change Technical Cooperation Agency/Company /Organization United States Forest Service Sector Land Focus Area Forestry Topics Background analysis Website http://www.fs.fed.us/global/to Country Russia Eastern Europe References US Forest Service Climate Change Technical Cooperation[1] "Like the US, Russia contains temperate and boreal forests. The forests share similar species, similar forest health problems, and some common threats. Since the mid-nineties, the US Forest Service has worked with Russian partners, including the State Forestry Service of Russia to: 1) promote sustainable forestry practices, 2) address forest health issues and

U.S.-Russia Fourth Report on Bratislava Agreement U.S.-Russia Fourth Report on Bratislava Agreement DOE Announces U.S.-Russia Fourth Report on Bratislava Agreement January 12, 2007 - 9:59am Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Samuel Bodman announced today that he and Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency Director Sergey Kiriyenko have submitted to Presidents Bush and Putin the fourth report of the Senior Interagency Working Group on implementation of the February 2005 Bratislava Checklist. "The accelerated schedule adopted under Bratislava is being implemented with great success," Secretary Bodman said. "Our efforts to minimize and secure highly enriched uranium and plutonium are making the world safer. Our cooperation with Russia on emergency response and nuclear security

S and Russia Develop Action Plan to Enhance Global and Bilateral S and Russia Develop Action Plan to Enhance Global and Bilateral Nuclear Energy Cooperation U.S and Russia Develop Action Plan to Enhance Global and Bilateral Nuclear Energy Cooperation December 19, 2006 - 9:46am Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman and Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Rosatom) Director Sergey V. Kiriyenko last week submitted to U.S. President George W. Bush and Russian President Vladimir Putin a joint work plan that will provide a framework for further bilateral cooperation in the development of nuclear energy technology and deployment. The plan was completed and signed by both parties the week of December 11, 2006, as part of an agreement that stemmed from the G8 Summit in St. Petersburg, Russia, in July of this year.

Sign Plan for Russian Plutonium Disposition Sign Plan for Russian Plutonium Disposition U.S. and Russia Sign Plan for Russian Plutonium Disposition November 19, 2007 - 4:31pm Addthis Will Eliminate Enough Russian Plutonium for Thousands of Nuclear Weapons WASHINGTON, DC -U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman and Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency Director Sergey Kiriyenko have signed a joint statement outlining a plan to dispose of 34 metric tons of surplus plutonium from Russia's weapons program. Under the new plan, the United States will cooperate with Russia to convert Russian weapon-grade plutonium into mixed oxide fuel (MOX) and irradiate the MOX fuel in the BN-600 fast reactor, currently operating at the Beloyarsk nuclear power plant, and in the BN-800 fast reactor, currently under construction at the same site. The United States and Russia also

Russian public sector buildings tend to be very inefficient, which creates vast opportunities for savings. This paper reviews opportunities to implement energy efficiency projects in Russian public buildings, created by new Russian legislation and regulations. Given Russia's limited experience with energy performance contracts (EPCs), a pilot project can help test an implementation mechanism. The authors use Chelyabinsk Region as an example to discuss opportunities, challenges and solutions to financing and implementing an EPC in Russia, navigating through federal requirements and specific local conditions.

Under U.S.-Russia Partnership, Final Shipment of Fuel Converted Under U.S.-Russia Partnership, Final Shipment of Fuel Converted From 20,000 Russian Nuclear Warheads Arrives in United States and Will Be Used for U.S. Electricity Under U.S.-Russia Partnership, Final Shipment of Fuel Converted From 20,000 Russian Nuclear Warheads Arrives in United States and Will Be Used for U.S. Electricity December 10, 2013 - 2:50pm Addthis News Media Contact (202) 586-4940 WASHINGTON, D.C. - The United States and Russia are today commemorating the completion of the 1993 U.S.-Russia HEU Purchase Agreement, commonly known as the Megatons to Megawatts Program, with this week's off-loading of the final shipment of low enriched uranium (LEU) at the Port of Baltimore in Baltimore, Maryland, from Russia. The shipment was the last of the LEU converted from more than 500 metric tons of weapons-origin highly enriched

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Cultural development of new subpolar areas of Russia is associated with a need for detailed seismic research, including both mapping of regional seismicity and seismic monitoring of specific mining enterprises. Of special interest are the northern territories of European Russia, including shelves of the Kara and Barents Seas, Yamal Peninsula, and the Timan-Pechora region. Continuous seismic studies of these territories are important now because there is insufficient seismological knowledge of the area and an absence of systematic data on the seismicity of the region. Another task of current interest is the necessity to consider the seismic environment in the design, construction, and operation of natural gas extracting enterprises such as the construction of the North European Gas Pipeline. Issues of scientific importance for seismic studies in the region are the complex geodynamical setting, the presence of permafrost, and the complex tectonic structure. In particular, the Uralian Orogene (Fig. 1) strongly affects the propagation of seismic waves. The existing subpolar seismic stations [APA (67,57{sup o}N; 33,40{sup o}E), LVZ (67,90{sup o}N; 34,65{sup o}E), and NRIL (69,50{sup o}N; 88,40{sup o}E)] do not cover the extensive area between the Pechora and Ob Rivers (Fig. 1). Thus seismic observations in the Vorkuta area, which lies within the area of concern, represent a special interest. Continuous recording at a seismic station near the city of Vorkuta (67,50{sup o}N; 64,11{sup o}E) [1] has been conducted since 2005 for the purpose of regional seismic monitoring and, more specifically, detection of seismic signals caused by local mining enterprises. Current surveys of local seismic noise [7,8,9,11], are particularly aimed at a technical survey for the suitability of the site for installation of a small-aperture seismic array, which would include 10-12 recording instruments, with the Vorkuta seismic station as the central element. When constructed, this seismic array will considerably improve the recording capacity of regional and local seismic events. It will allow detection of signatures of seismic waves propagating in submeridional and sublatitudinal directions. The latter is of special interest not only to access the influence of the Urals on propagation patterns of seismic waves, but also to address other questions, such as the structure and dynamic characteristics of the internal dynamo of the Earth [9,13]. Recording seismic waves at low angular distances from seismically active subpolar zones will allow us to collect data on vortical and convective movements in subpolar lithosphere blocks and at the boundary of the inner core of the Earth, possibly giving essential clues to the modeling of the Earth's electromagnetic field [3,13]. The present study considers basic features of seismic noise at the Vorkuta station obtained through the analysis of seismic records from March, 2006 till December, 2007.

During the cold war plutonium was produced in reactors in both the US and Russia. It was then separated from the residual uranium and fission products by a variety of precipitation processes, such as Bismuth Phosphate, Redox, Butex, Purex, etc. in the US and uranium acetate and Purex in Russia. After a period of time in the field, plutonium weapons were recycled and the plutonium re-purified and returned to weapons. purification was accomplished by a variety of aqueous and molten salt processes, such as nitric-hydrofluoric acid dissolution followed by anion exchange, Purex modifications, molten salt extraction, electrorefining, etc. in the US and nitric acid dissolution or sodium hydroxide fusion followed by anion exchange in Russia. At the end of the Cold War, plutonium production of weapons-grade plutonium was cut off in the US and is expected to be cut off in Russia shortly after the turn of the century. Now both countries are looking at methods to reconstitute plutonium with fission products to render it no longer useful for nuclear weapons. These methods include immobilization in a ceramic matrix and then encasement in fission product laden glass, irradiation of MOX fuel, and disposal as waste in WIPP in the US and irradiation of MOX fuel in Russia. This paper details the contrast between the treatment of plutonium during the cold war and after the cold war was over.

The Russia-US joint program on the safe management of nuclear materials was initiated to address common technical issues confronting the US and Russia in the management of excess weapons grade nuclear materials. The program was initiated after the 1993 Tomsk-7 accident. This paper provides an update on program activities since 1996. The Fourth US Russia Nuclear Materials Safety Management Workshop was conducted in March 1997. In addition, a number of contracts with Russian Institutes have been placed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). These contracts support research related to the safe disposition of excess plutonium (Pu) and highly enriched uranium (HEU). Topics investigated by Russian scientists under contracts with SNL and LLNL include accident consequence studies, the safety of anion exchange processes, underground isolation of nuclear materials, and the development of materials for the immobilization of excess weapons Pu.

The option of storage and eventual geologic disposal in Russia of spent fuel of US origin used in Taiwan provides a unique opportunity that can benefit many parties. Taiwan has a near term need for a spent fuel storage and geologic disposal solution, available financial resources, but limited prospect for a timely domestic solution. Russia has significant spent fuel storage and transportation management experience, candidate storage and repository sites, but limited financial resources available for their development. The US has interest in Taiwan energy security, national security and nonproliferation interests in Russian spent fuel storage and disposal and interest in the US origin fuel. While it is understood that such a project includes complex policy and international political issues as well as technical issues, the goal of this paper is to begin the discussion by presenting a technical path forward to establish the feasibility of this concept for Russia.

Reaffirm Commitment to Disposing of Weapon-Grade Reaffirm Commitment to Disposing of Weapon-Grade Plutonium U.S. and Russia Reaffirm Commitment to Disposing of Weapon-Grade Plutonium July 13, 2006 - 3:05pm Addthis WASHINGTON, DC - U.S. Energy Secretary Samuel W. Bodman and Sergey Kiriyenko, the director of Russia's Federal Atomic Energy Agency, have signed a joint statement reaffirming their commitment to dispose of 34 metric tons of excess weapon-grade plutonium by irradiation in nuclear reactors. "This statement is a clear sign of our mutual commitment to keeping dangerous nuclear material out of the hands of terrorists. We look forward to working together with the Russians to ensure that this important nonproliferation project moves forward in both Russia and the United States," Secretary Bodman said.

The Russian {open_quotes}Rosshelf{close_quotes} company for developing the shelf is the nucleus of a new branch of industry for developing oil and gas fields on shelves of Russia, primarily in the Arctic. {open_quotes}Rosshelf{close_quotes}, created on the basis of leading naval defence enterprises, Russia`s largest geological and mining enterprises, and territorial organizations managing the northern regions of Russia, obtained a license in March 1993 for the right to use the natural resources of Europe`s largest Shtokman gas-condensate field and Prirazlomnoe oil field in the Barents Sea and thus has all the conditions and possibilities for the successful organization of oil and gas production on the continental shelf of Russia. The goals of {open_quotes}Rosshelf{close_quotes} are: the production of oil and gas equipment at converted defence enterprises, including under foreign license and for export; the development of oil and gas fields on the continental shelf of Russia; the creation of new prospective technologies for offshore oil and gas production under conditions of the Russian and mainly the arctic shelf. {open_quotes}Rosshelf{close_quotes} should develop the Pechora Sea fields, mainly the Prirazlomnoe oil field with its relatively small depth and distance from the shore. It is planned to develop Europe`s largest Shtokman field at a distance of 600 km from the shore in the course of 10-12 years with expenditures of about $6 billion. The use of defence technologies underlying the activities of {open_quotes}Rosshelf{close_quotes} gives the company a real change to reach the world level of offshore oil- and gas-production technology. Broad cooperation with foreign companies, mainly in the area of engineering, finances, ecology, and safety, planned also for this. Calculations show that already the priority projects of {open_quotes}Rosshelf{close_quotes} will provide 250,000-300,000 highly skilled jobs at Russian defence enterprises.

A unique set of data from Valdai, Russia, (previously unreported in the United States) is used to evaluate the ubiquitous standard 8-in.-diameter raingage that has been used for over 100 years at tens of thousands of United States stations. The ...

- 1 - An assessment of recent extreme weather in Pakistan and Russia Mike Blackburn1 , Andy Turner1 crossed the mountains over northern Pakistan, intensifying the monsoon rains there. This trough into northern Pakistan, beneath the trough(Fig.3) . It appears to be this conjunction of events that led

Pipeline trade in natural gas between Asian Russia and Northeast Asia is receiving serious attention from the governments and companies central to the projects that might evolve. Such trade has become possible during the past 5 years because of improvements in relations between China and Russia. Prospects for a long-distance pipeline are enhanced by the possibility of extending deliveries of Russian gas to Korea and Japan to supplement imports by those countries of liquefied natural gas. Korea and Japan have expressed interest in participating in a Russia-China pipeline. But their approaches differ greatly and would require careful coordination. Furthermore, participation by western companies would be essential. A 2 year study by the Royal Institute of International Affairs examined Japanese and Korean views about energy needs and possible sources of supply. The study included a survey of 32 energy organizations in those countries. This article reviews the gas potential of Asian Russia, describes events that have brought attention to those resources as a possible source of supply to Northeast Asia, and summarizes findings of the survey.

: Russian public sector buildings tend to be very inefficient, which creates vast opportunities for savings. This report overviews the latest developments in the Russian legislation related to energy efficiency in the public sector, describes the major challenges the regulations pose, and proposes ways to overcome these challenges. Given Russia’s limited experience with energy performance contracts (EPCs), a pilot project can help test an implementation mechanism. This paper discusses how EPCs and other mechanisms can help harness energy savings opportunities in Russia in general, and thus, can be applicable to any Russian region.

This manuscript presents a detailed multiscale analysis—using observations, model analyses, and ensemble forecasts—of the extreme heat wave over Russia and historic floods over Pakistan during late July 2010, with an emphasis on the floods over ...

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

The Urals Electrochemical Integrated Plant is one of the Russian Ministry of Atomic Energy`s nuclear material production sites participating in the US Department of Energy`s Material Protection, Control and Accounting (MPC&A) Program. The Urals Electrochemical Integrated Plant is Russia`s largest uranium enrichment facility and blends tons of high-enriched uranium into low enriched uranium each year as part of the US high-enriched uranium purchase. The Electrochemical Integrated Plant and six participating national laboratories are cooperating to implement a series of enhancements to the nuclear material protection, control, and accountability systems at the site This paper outlines the overall objectives of the MPC&A program at Urals Electrochemical Integrated Plant and the work completed as of the date of the presentation.

Cooperation Continues on Nuclear Security Cooperation Continues on Nuclear Security U.S. and Russia Cooperation Continues on Nuclear Security June 28, 2007 - 2:08pm Addthis Newly Signed Fifth Bratislava Report Highlights Most Recent Advances in Nuclear Security and Nonproliferation WASHINGTON, D.C. - U.S. Secretary of Energy Samuel W. Bodman and Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Rosatom) Director Sergey Kiriyenko today submitted to Presidents Bush and Putin the fifth report on nuclear security cooperation between the two countries. The report is known as the Bratislava Report after the 2005 historic nonproliferation agreement between the two presidents. It details significant work completed by the United States and Russia over the past six months in the areas of emergency response, nuclear security procedures and best practices, security culture,

This paper reports that there will be considerable development of the oil and gas industry in the former USSR in the near future. Concurrent with this development will be the need to repair, upgrade and extend existing pipeline systems to carry more products from an increasingly wider production base. Considerable activity in pipeline construction is envisaged in the near future in Russia and its neighboring states. Western participation will continue to grow and the CIS will become a key market for pipeline service companies and construction contractors in the closing years of the 20th century.

In the management of global environmental risks the Russia case is a special one regarding certain specific features which determine the position of the country, particularly in a new international community emerged on the territory of the former Soviet Union, large scientific interest to the global physical processes and low interest and capabilities to deal with such risks on the part of social institutions inherited from the USSR. The largest country in the world with visible geopolitical role and probably biggest regional differences could not be ignored as a one of major players in the management of global environmental risks. The understanding of all deficiencies and positive sides of global risks management process in this country are absolutely important for extrapolating the appropriate trends in some other parts of the world. At the same time the ex-Soviet Union case shows clearly how the social learning process can radically ``change the course``, diverting to the opposite direction the social goals and preferences. Starting the studies on possibilities to change the climate for improving the human being, the former soviet society perceived the risks of human impact on climate and started to regulate it and to participate in the process of international management of global warming. The level of activity in this process on the part of Russia will however depend heavily on how much national interests will be reflected in the specific prevention measures realized by the international community.

This ''Technical and Management Support'' program would facilitate the transfer of spent fuel from commercial power plants in Taiwan to a storage and geologic repository site near Krasnoyarsk, Russia. This program resolves issues of disposition of Taiwan spent fuel (including US origin fuel) and provides revenue for Russia to develop an integrated spent fuel storage and radioactive waste management system including a geologic repository. LLNL has ongoing contracts and collaborations with all the principal parties and is uniquely positioned to facilitate the development of such a program. A three-phase approach over 20 years is proposed: namely, an initial feasibility investigation followed by an engineering development phase, and then implementation.

The decommissioning of nuclear submarines, disposal of highly-enriched uranium and weapons-grade plutonium, and processing of high-level radioactive wastes represent the most challenging issues facing the cleanup of 20th century radiation legacy wastes and facilities. The US and Russia are the two primary countries dealing with these challenges, because most of the world's fissile inventory is being processed and stored at multiple industrial sites and nuclear weapons production facilities in these countries.

Russian scientists and engineers have drilled the deepest holes in the world. It is recognized that this experience has given them an expertise in drilling superdeep holes, as well as other aspects of drilling, completions, and geophysics. More and more US oil and gas companies are vigorously expanding their exploration and development into Russia. It is important for them to identify and use Russian technology in drilling, completion, logging, and reservoir characterization to the extent possible, in order to both reduce drilling costs and help support the Russian economy. While these US companies are interested in becoming involved in and/or sponsoring research in Russia, they have been unsure as to which scientists and institutes are working on problems of interest. It was also important to determine in which areas Russian technology is farther advanced than in the West. Such technology could then be commercialized as part of the Industrial Partnering Program. In order to develop a clear understanding of these issues, two Sandia engineers with drilling and completions expertise and a geophysicist with expertise in reservoir analysis traveled to Russia to meet with Russian scientists and engineers to discuss their technologies and areas of interest. This report contains a summary of the information obtained during the visit.

How do scientists react when the institutional setting in which they conduct their work changes radically? How do long-standing norms regarding the social responsibility of scientists fare? What factors influence whether scientists embrace or reject the new institutions and norms? We examine these questions using data from a unique survey of 602 scientists in Russia, whose science system experienced a sustained crisis and sweeping changes in science institutions following the collapse of the Soviet Union. We develop measures of how respondents view financing based on grants and other institutional changes in the Russian science system, as well as measures of two norms regarding scientists social responsibility. We find that the majority of scientists have adapted, in the sense that they hold positive views of the new institutions, but a diversity of orientations remains. Social responsibility norms are common among Russian scientists, but far from universal. The main correlates of adaptation are age and current success at negotiating the new institutions, though prospective success, work context, and ethnicity have some of the hypothesized associations. As for social responsibility norms, the main source of variation is age: younger scientists are more likely to embrace individualistic rather than socially-oriented norms.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

In February 1993, the US and the Russian Federation signed an agreement that allows the US to purchase 500 tonnes of Russian low-enriched uranium (LEU) that has been blended down from the high-enriched uranium (HEU) from Russia's dismantled nuclear weapons. The agreement calls for the HEU to be blended down to LEU at Russian facilities and then shipped to the United states to be used for making commercial reactor fuel. This HEU Agreement was crafted to avoid the rigid verification procedures of previous arms control and nonproliferation treaties. In the United States, it is being implemented by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under the HEU Transparency Program. Transparency refers to agreed-upon measures intended to build confidence that the objectives of the HEU Agreement are being met. The objectives of the HEU Transparency Program are to ensure that (a) the HEU subject to the agreement is extracted from Russian nuclear weapons; (b) this same extracted HEU enters an oxidation facility and is oxidized therein; (c) the declared quantity of HEU is blended down to LEU; and (d) the LEU that is delivered to the United states, pursuant to the agreement, is fabricated into fuel for commercial nuclear reactors. The HEU Agreement gives Russian monitors access to the US Enrichment Corporation's Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Piketon, Ohio, and to the five US fuel fabrication facilities receiving the Russian uranium. In turn, US monitors have access to the four principal Russian plants that convert HEU to LEU. Currently, monitoring at three Russian facilities--the Mayak Production Association near Ozersk, Siberian Chemical Enterprise (SChE) near Tomsk, and Electrochemical Integrated Plant (ECP) near Zelenogorsk--is confined to periodic visits. However, US monitors have continuous access to the Ural Electrochemical Integrated Enterprise (UEIE) in Novouralsk through the US Permanent Presence Office (PPO) located there. This paper summarizes the monitoring activities and challenges involved in managing and coordinating the PPO.

As a consequence of the USAID-funded program between the USGS and ROSCOMNEDRA, a very large basin-centered gas accumulation has been identified in Permian orogenic flysch and molasse rocks in the pre-Ural (Kosyu-Rogov) depression of the Timan-Pechora Basin, Russia. In the Timan-Pechora Basin the Artinskian, Kungurian, and Ufimian (Leonardian-Guadalupian) gas-bearing sequence is as thick as 2,000 in and is composed of interbedded sandstone, siltstone, shale, and coal. Sandstone porosity ranges from 3 to 15% and permeability is commonly less than 0.1 md. Drill-stem and production tests indicate that these rocks are gas saturated with little or no producible water. Pore pressures are abnormally high with gradients of about 0.50 to 0.60 psi/ft. The source of the gas is most likely the interbedded coals and other carbonaceous lithologies. The organic carbon content of these rocks, exclusive of coal, ranges from <0.2 to 4.0 weight percent, averaging 1.5%. The top of the gas accumulation is interpreted to cut across structural and stratigraphic boundaries similar to basin-centered gas accumulations in North America. However, south of the Kosyu-Rogov depression, coal-bearing Kungurian rocks have undergone a facies change into evaporates, forming a regional seal that extends southward into the Volga-Ural Province. The southern extent of the gas accumulation below the evaporate seal is unknown, but it may extend far to the south, making it one of the largest gas accumulations in the world.

A comparison of the more important geologic attributes of coal beds in the coalbed methane producing regions of the United States to Permian coal beds in the Pechora Coalfield, Timan-Pechora Basin, Russia indicates a high potential for commercial coalbed methane production. Although the depositional and structural histories, as well as the age, of the coal beds in the Pechora Coalfield are different than coal beds in U.S. basins, coal quality attributes are similar. The more prospective part of the coal-bearing sequence is as thick as 1600 m and contains more than 150 coal beds that individually are as thick as 4 m. These coal beds are composed primarily of rank ranges from subbituminous to anthracite (,0.5->2.5% R[sub 0]), with the highest rank coal located near the city of Vorkuta. Published data indicates that the gas content of coals is as high as 28-35 m[sup 3]/ton, with an average value of 18 m[sup 3]/ton. About 700 MMCM of gas per year is emmitted from coal mines. Pore pressures in the coal beds are unknown, however, interbedded sandstones in some parts of the basin are overpressured. The commonly occurring problem, in mid-latitude coalbed methane well, of excessive amounts of water may be alleviated in this high-latitude coal field. We suggest that the wide-spread occurrence of permafrost in the Pechora Coalfield may form an effective barrier to down-dip water flow, thereby facilitating the dewatering state. In summary, the quality of coal beds in the Pechora Coalfield are similar to methane producing coal beds in the United States and should, therefore, be favorable for commercial rates of gas production.

he western North Pacific population of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) is critically endangered of extinction. The population size is estimated to be 131 individuals with 31 reproductive females. Throughout their potential home range, the western gray whale population face several threats to their future survival. On their only known feeding grounds off the northeastern coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia, anthropogenic activity has increased in the past decade due to oil and gas exploration and platform/pipeline construction. This dissertation examines the influences of geophysical seismic surveys (pulse sounds) and platform/pipeline installation (continuous sounds). Each chapter progressively improves upon behavioral models that assess changes in gray whale movements and respirations relative to anthropogenic activity. Theodolite tracking and focal follow methodologies were employed to collect gray whales' movement and respiration information during and in the absence of anthropogenic activity. Spatial, temporal, environmental, and acoustic (pulse and/or continuous) sound levels and non-sound related anthropogenic variables were included as explanatory variables to examine their influence on movement and respiration response variables, such as speed, orientations, dive/surface time, breathing rates, etc. During the 3-D seismic activity, gray whales traveled faster, changed directions of movement less, were recorded farther from shore and stayed underwater longer between respirations as the received sound level exposure increased. During platform/pipeline installations, western gray whales increased their distance from shore with indicators of stress (rapid breathing) and observed to be sensitive to close distance of approach by vessels. No acoustic influence on western gray whale behavior was found during a 4-D seismic survey; however, sample sizes were small in this study to sufficiently detect more subtle to moderate changes in gray whale behavior. These studies illustrate short-term influences anthropogenic activity had on western gray whale behavior which could lead to longer-term responses that may be detrimental to the survival of certain individuals and/or the population. A comprehensive analyses are proposed to increase sample sizes to identify subtle to moderate behavioral changes as well as examine alternative hypotheses to the null hypothesis of no impact used in this dissertation. With the potential to displace individuals/population out of critical feeding habitats needed for their annual survival and the expected increase of anthropogenic activity in the future, this dissertation highlights the importance to monitor and identify problems and suggest alternatives to development/activities that may be impacting this endangered population of gray whales.

Project 3 consists of two subprojects: Project 3.1 -- providing Materials Control and Accounting (MC and A) equipment to GAN inspectors; and Project 3.2 -- the development of Russian indigenous MC and A equipment capability for GAN. The objective of Project 3.1 is to provide equipment for use by GAN inspectors during independent inspections of facilities that contain direct-use material. To accomplish this, Project 3.1 develops the initial training for GAN instructors on the instruments provided by the US and contracts with Safety Limited, a GAN contractor for developing methodologies and procedures for using the equipment and acceptance checkout and delivery. The equipment deliveries were divided into three phases to fit within the DOE budget and priority constraints. With the equipment delivered to the inspectors, Phase 1 is complete. Phase 2 has been started by purchasing and checking out neutron coincidence counting (NCC) equipment at Los Alamos. The GAN instructors have been trained on NCCs, cherenkov vision devices (CVDs), ultrasonic thickness gages (UTGs), and tamper indicating devices (TIDs) at Los Alamos. Phase 3 has been delayed to fiscal year 1999 (FY99) due to budget constraints. Project 3.2 addresses the important issue of sustainability for safeguards equipment in Russia. GAN`s Project 3.2 will help establish indigenous equipment for Russian safeguards. The initial review of Russian manufacturing capabilities for safeguards equipment has been completed and recommendations have been made. To this end, the authors are encouraging US vendors to collaborate with Russian institutes and have contracted with the All-Russia Research Institute of Automatics (VINIIA) and Aquila Technologies to fabricate a Russian Active-Well Coincidence Counter (AWCC) from US parts.

Deep (greater than 4.5 km--15,000 ft) conventional natural gas resources will play an important role in the future energy needs of the United States and Russia. Deep sedimentary basins are widespread in these countries and have formed in a variety of depositional and tectonic settings. Significant volumes of undiscovered deep natural gas are in the Gulf Coast, Anadarko, Permian, and Rocky Mountain basins of the U.S., and in the Timan-Pechora, West Siberia, East Siberia, and North and South Caspian basins of the former Soviet Union. Deep natural gas resources are regularly assessed by the All-Russia Petroleum Research Exploration Institute (VNIGRI) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of their normal research activities. Both VNIGRI and the USGS employ similar assessment methods involving play (or zone) analysis using geological data and based on an analysis of confirmed and hypothetical plays using field-size distributions, discovery-process models, and statistical estimation procedures that yield probabilistic estimates of undiscovered accumulations. Resource estimates for the deep structural and statigraphic plays of the Anadarko basin and deep Paleozoic zones in the Timan-Pechora basin are compared and contrasted using both methods. Differences in results of assessments between VNIGRI and USGS arise due to (1) the way in which plays/zones are defined, (2) different geochemical models for hydrocarbon generation as applied to hypothetical plays, (3) variations in the ways in which statistical estimation procedures are applied to plays and regions, and (4) differences in economic and technologic assumptions, reserve growth calculations, and accumulation size limits and ranges.

Prospects of development of the energy economy in Russia are considered up to 2020. The proportion of thermal power plants (TPP) in the structure of the generating capacity of Russia amounts to about 70% (147 mln kW). The proportion of gas in the structure of fuel consumed by TPP amounts to 64%. It is predicted that the fraction of high-quality kinds of fuel (gas and fuel oil) will decrease in the considered period due to maximum involvement of coal in the fuel balance and wider use of combined-cycle and gas-turbine technologies that provide a lower specific consumption of fuel. It is planned to resort to advanced technologies both for reconstructing existing plants and erecting new ones. This paper deals with problems of fuel supply of fossil-fuel-fired thermal power plants in the light of the evolution of the energy economy of Russia. The demand of TPP for different kinds of fossil fuel, i.e., gas, coal, and fuel oil, is estimated for the whole of the country and for its regions according to two variants of development of the generating capacity with planned commissioning of combined-cycle plants with a total output of 32 mln kW and gas-turbine plants with a total output of 61 mln kW in the period of up to 2020. The tasks of the fuel policy to be solved in the considered period are presented.

The implementation plans and preparations for installation of the Fissile Mass Flow Monitor (FMFM) equipment at the ElectroChemical Plant (ECP), Zelenogorsk, Russia, are presented in this report. The FMFM, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is part of the Blend Down Monitoring System (BDMS), developed for the U.S. Department of Energy Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Transparency Implementation Program. The BDMS provides confidence to the United States that the Russian nuclear facilities supplying the lower-assay ({approx}4%) product low enriched uranium (P-LEU) to the United States from down-blended weapons-grade HEU are meeting the nonproliferation goals of the government-to-government HEU Purchase Agreement, signed between the Russian Federation and the United States in 1993. The first BDMS has been operational at Ural Electrochemical Integrated Plant, Novouralsk, since February 1999 and is successfully providing HEU transparency data to the United States. The second BDMS was installed at ECP in February 2003. The FMFM makes use of a set of thermalized californium-252 ({sup 252}Cf) spontaneous neutron sources for a modulated fission activation of the UF{sub 6} gas stream for measuring the {sup 235}U fissile mass flow rate. To do this, the FMFM measures the transport time of the fission fragments created from the fission activation process under the modulated source to the downstream detectors by detecting the delayed gamma rays from the fission fragments. The FMFM provides unattended, nonintrusive measurements of the {sup 235}U mass flow in the HEU, LEU blend stock, and P-LEU process legs. The FMFM also provides the traceability of the HEU flow to the product process leg. This report documents the technical installation requirements and the expected operational characteristics of the ECP FMFM.

The use of geothermal fluids for the production of electricity poses a risk of contaminating surface waters when spent fluids are discharged into (near) surface environments. Arsenic (As) in particular is a common component in geothermal fluids and leads to a degradation of water quality when present in mobile and bioavailable forms. We have examined changes in arsenic speciation caused by quick transition from high temperature reducing conditions to surface conditions, retention mechanisms, and the extent of transport associated with the release of spent geothermal fluids at the Dachny geothermal fields (Mutnovsky geothermal region), Kamchatka, Russia -- a high temperature field used for electricity production. In the spent fluids, the arsenic concentration reaches 9 ppm, while in natural hot springs expressed in the vicinity of the field, the As concentration is typically below 10 ppb. The aqueous phase arsenic speciation was determined using Liquid Chromatography (LC) coupled to an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The arsenic speciation in the bottom sediments (geothermal source fluids is predominantly found as As(III), while a mixture of As(III)/As(V) is found in the water and sediment of the Falshivaia River downstream from the power plant. The extent of elevated arsenic concentrations in water is limited by adsorption to the bottom sediment and dilution, as determined using Cl{sup -} from the deep well fluids as a tracer. Analysis of the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectra shows that sediment phase arsenic is associated with both Al- and Fe-rich phases with a bi-dentate corner sharing local geometry. The geothermal waste fluids released in the surface water create a localized area of arsenic contamination. The extent of transport of dissolved As is limited to {approx}7 km downstream from the source, while As associated with bottom sediment travels {approx}3 km farther.

At the current stage of development of Russia`s economy the problem arises of refining the concept and working out a strategy of developing the oil gas resources of the continental shelf. The given concept determines the main strategic directions with respect to the disposition, volumes, and scope of works, creation and use of special equipment, structures, and floating equipment, determination of the extent and dynamics of investments, evaluation of the potential possibilities of various financial sources, etc. Strategy is based on the fairly long-term (15-20 years) cost effectiveness of exploration and development of offshore oil and gas reserves governed by the high geologic prospects and poor study of the continental shelf of Russia. The approach to the solution of this problem obviously, should provide for the follow stages: Planning an exploration program realized mainly by centralized budgetary funds. The second stage is a prediction of the results of the competition, i.e., prediction of the number of specific blocks being claimed. A special problem is the selection of the form of licensing agreement. The existing legislation, particularly the Russian Federation Mineral Resources Law, provides for forms of concession and production sharing in addition to the traditional leasing form. One of the problems is the absence of an official division of Russian water areas according to their status: territoral waters, 200-mile exclusive (economic) zone, and continental shelf. Legal problems begin with the presence of variant readings in the formulation of the concepts of three aforementioned zones. All these problems either directly or indirectly determine the economic conditions and successfulness of the converted and other enterprises and organizations developing offshore oil and gas resources.

In this paper the implementation plans and preparations for installation of the Fissile Mass Flow Monitor (FMFM) equipment at the Siberian Chemical Enterprise (SChE), Seversk, Russia, are presented. The FMFM, developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is part of the Blend Down Monitoring System (BDMS) for the U.S. Department of Energy Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) Transparency Implementation Program. The BDMS provides confidence to the United States that the Russian nuclear facilities supplying the lower assay ({approx}4%) product low enriched uranium (PLEU) to the United States from down-blended weapon-grade HEU are meeting the nonproliferation goals of the government-to-government HEU purchase agreement signed between the Russian Federation and the United States in 1993. The first BDMS has been operational at Ural Electrochemical Integrated Plant, Novouralsk, since February 1999. The second BDMS has been operational at Electro Chemical Plant, Zelenogorsk, since March 2003. These systems are successfully providing HEU transparency data to the United States. The third BDMS was successfully installed on the HEU down-blending tee in the SChE Enrichment Plant in October 2004. The FMFM makes use of a set of thermalized {sup 252}Cf spontaneous neutron sources for modulated fission activation of the UF{sub 6} gas stream for measuring the {sup 235}U fissile mass flow rate. To do this, the FMFM measures the transport time of the fission fragments created from the fission activation process under the modulated source to the downstream detectors by detecting the delayed gamma rays from the fission fragments retained in the flow. The FMFM provides unattended nonintrusive measurements of the {sup 235}U mass flow of the UF{sub 6} gas in the blending tee legs of HEU, the LEU blend stock, and the resulting P-LEU. The FMFM also confirms that highly enriched UF{sub 6} gas identified in the HEU leg flows through the blending tee into the P-LEU leg. This report contains details of the SChE FMFM equipment characteristics as well as the technical installation requirements and the latest measurement results.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

University (taught in English) AdvancedMaterials (Master) Communications Technology (Master) Energy Science Accommodation Hotel Information Ulm University is a campus university located outside the city on a hill (called Eselsberg).There are no hotels in the vicinity.We recommend that participants take accommodation downtown

Landmark legislation on production sharing agreements (PSAs) passed the Federation Council of the Russian Federation on Dec. 19, 1995, and was signed by President Boris Yeltsin on Dec. 30. This long anticipated body of law will provide the framework for completing several of the PSAs that are currently under final negotiations and begin the process of bringing new areas up for tender. While some in the industry have expressed concerns that the new law does not supply all of the necessary protections and procedures needed to attract investment, it is clear that passage of this law provides the basis for energy companies to cautiously proceed with projects that have been awaiting a legal basis. The new law, in combination with the existing Law of The Russian Federation On The Subsoil (``Underground Code``) provides for additional incentives for foreign investors to begin developing Russian oil and gas reserves. This paper reviews the history of PSA, procedural issues, and the actual protections and incentives of the PSAs.

Applying liner technology developed in previous LANL/VNIIEF technical eff Applying liner technology developed in previous LANL/VNIIEF technical eff orts, the objective of this project is to obtain experimental data to validate existing models of the behavior of the strength of metals and polymers at high rates-of-strain in multi- dimensional strain fi elds and to motivate the development of new, extended strength models for use in integrated codes. A series of experiments, performed on laboratory capacitor bank facilities and on VNIIEF explosive pulsed power facilities, apply perturbation growth techniques to explore strength eff ects in reference metals (and possibly polymers) at conditions of high total strain and high rate of strain in converging geometry. This eff ort provides for the conceptual and engineering design, and for the fabrication, execution,

During Dynamic Crack Propagation During Dynamic Crack Propagation Principal Investigators: E.P. (Tony) Chen (SNL) and Alexander Selezenev (VNIIEF) Project Description This project involves conducting molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of micro-crack propagation in materials. It will use MD simulation to study phonon generation mecha- nisms during initiation and propagation of a micro-crack; the MD simulation will be per- formed in 2-D and 3-D geometries. Initially 2-D and 3-D crystal structures will be built using parallel computers. SageMD code will be parallelized and used in MD simulations. Details of the MD simulations will be defi ned. With MD simulation, the sample will be loaded with boundary conditions specifi ed under which initially the crack extension proceeds in the direction perpendicular to the crack

by Laser Excitation by Laser Excitation Principal Investigators: E.P. (Tony) Chen (SNL) and Alexander Belyaev (IPME) Project Description An atomistic study of thermal transport by a concentrated energy source will be conducted, including molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Experiments measuring the transport of heat introduced by laser excitation provide data for guiding and validating numerical results. Four tasks will be performed at the discretion of the Sandia principal investigator: * Construct structural-rheological model of a two-component solid appropriate for description of its atomic-corpuscular nature; derive boundary-value problem for a medium with a complex structure; construct nonlinear model for phonon build-up in silicon monocrystal subjected to various conditions; simulation of heat propagation

models capable of predicting the behavior of materials when subjected to an arbitrary thermomechanical loading environment is an area of active research. It includes models for predicting the constitutive response of the material and the initiation and evolution of damage. Successful development of such predictive models inherently relies on experimental data obtained from laboratory tests carefully constructed to evaluate some particular thermomechanical response or mechanism. These experimental results then support the development of theoretical models, which can be implemented into a variety of numerical methods, thereby providing general-purpose predictive tools. A variety of experimental techniques will be used in support of this work (e.g., split

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

This paper analyses and reviews the rapid transformation of Russian telecommunications and internet operators over the past 20 years, from small town phone service suppliers, to top-10 ranking amongst global players, on its way to adopt electronic finance. ...

a Platform-Independent Molecular a Platform-Independent Molecular Builder and Visualizer Principal Investigators: John Aidun (SNL) and Alexander Selezenev (VNIIEF) Project Description A Unix/Linux based, platform-independent molecular builder and visualizer (MBV) was developed as a preprocessor and postprocessor for atomistic simulations. This project drew on the substan- tial experience and accomplishment of the VNIIEF team in this area. Developments were selected, in particular, to enable atomistic simulations of crystal defects, grain boundaries, and material interfaces, which are topics of active interest at Sandia and VNIIEF and in the wider materials sci- ence and solid state physics communities. Joint research was conducted to identify how to defi ne the atomistic confi gurations of material interfaces in the geometric (unrelaxed) approximation,

perform molecular dynamics simulations of the perform molecular dynamics simulations of the interaction of shocks with crystal grain boundaries, dislocations, and inclusions to investigate elastic/plastic deformation of shock-loaded copper and to elucidate the infl uence of nano-inclusions in spall. Typical simulations involve 10 7 atoms modeling a copper bicrystal. The EAM potential of Mishin was used. A set of simulations was performed with the grain boundary at fi ve diff erent angles with respect to the shock front (0, 30, 45, 65, and 90 degrees) and two diff erent pressures. The simulations with loading involved four types of short pulses: square, triangular, Gaussian, and linear rise plus fl at top. The spall simulations used randomly distributed nanoparticles (at least one near the spall plane) with a radius of 1

models capable of predicting the process of detonation models capable of predicting the process of detonation of high explosives (HEs) is an area of active research. Analysis of recent experiments shows that HE decomposition occurs as the result of a complex mix of a number of fundamental decomposition mechanisms, each of which has its own domain of domination. The hot spot mechanism (heterogeneous mechanism) dominates in the pressure range from 30 kbar to 200 kbar. The homogeneous mechanism dominates at pressures > 300 kbar. In the intermediate region, 200-300 kbar, we have mixture of heterogeneous and homogeneous mechanisms. At very low pressures, P < 20 kbar, decomposition is governed by the so- called dislocation mechanism. It is necessary to emphasize that the stated values of boundary pressures - 30, 200 and 300 kbar - are qualitative and have concrete values for

for solving radiation transport equations using adaptivity in energy. Because the computational cost of a transport solution is roughly proportional to the number of energy groups used, minimizing the number of groups is desirable. However, energy discretizations of the transport equation necessarily approximate both material properties (opacities) and radiation spectra, so that the solution depends on the energy discretization. In addition, the solution may be sensitive to diff erent spectral ranges in diff erent regions of the domain. Adaptive techniques have the potential to address this issue, as well as to increase the accuracy and/or decrease the cost of a solution. This study addressed the need for increased effi ciency by developing a numerical method using energy adaptivity.

before balancing after first balancing after second balancing 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 40 amount of processors amount of points 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 Modifi ed for the Web Scalability Assessment for Parallel Algorithms of Numerical Simulation: Gas Dynamics and Heat Conduction (Diff usion) Principal Investigators: Robert Benner (SNL) and Yuri Bartenev (VNIIEF) Project Description The scalability of 3-D solutions to gas dynamics and diff usion equations on parallel com- puters will be researched. The work is conducted within several software requirements, such as minimization of redundant computations, minimization of interprocessor commu- nications, and optimization of transfer lengths. Furthermore, there are three sources of load

perform numerical quantum mechanical studies of perform numerical quantum mechanical studies of material properties of selected actinides at or near ambient pressure (~1 atmosphere) and with temperatures in the range of T = 0 K to near room temperature (T = 300 K) to better understand the nature of highly correlated electron systems. This project included a study of Np, including equilibrium geometry, total and partial density of states, magnetic moments, and diff erential with respect to energy magnetic moments. In addition, it provided comparison of the magnetic and electronic properties in the row U-Np-Pu-Am-Cm. Calculations of the total and partial density of states, and of the magnetic structure for Pu 3 Al, Pu 3 Ga and Pu 3 In were performed. In addition, the formation energies for non-spin-polarized and spin-polarized cases were evaluated.

Measurement of Time Instability (Heterogeneity) Measurement of Time Instability (Heterogeneity) of Parallel Computer and Its Impact on Parallel Algorithm Scalability Principal Investigators: Robert Benner (SNL), A.M. Vargin, and Yuri Bartenev (VNIIEF) Project Description Timing instabilities diminish the effi ciency of supercomputers. Timing instabilities of inter- est include unequal central processing unit speeds, unequal memory speeds, operating system noise, and message contention on interprocessor interconnects. This project seeks to characterize these timing instabilities though a measurement program. The project will develop a parallel software program to measure and report timing instabilities on a paral- lel computer, including validation that the program's results are accurate, release of the

Magneto-Hydrodynamic Simulation of Z- Magneto-Hydrodynamic Simulation of Z- and Z-Î¸ Pinches at Pulsed Power Facilities at Sandia National Laboratories Principal Investigators: Heath Hanshaw (SNL) and Andrey P. Orlov (VNIIEF) Project Description Sandia has an ongoing eff ort to model and design Z-pinch radiation sources. Z-pinches achieve High Energy Density conditions, but low density kinetic eff ects and instabilities are important in their evolution. Though many elements of Z-pinch physics are not captured by fl uid approximations, a fl uid radiation magneto-hydrodynamic (RMHD) approach is the simplest and cheapest for design calculations. Approximate models are used in attempts to capture the missing physics. The Orlov group at VNIEEF is using a similar approach to model Z-pinches and explosively driven magnetic compression generators, but has made some

physically based mathematical models capable of predicting material physically based mathematical models capable of predicting material response to arbitrary thermomechanical loading requires, in general, an understanding of physical mechanisms at multiple length scales. However, experimental capabilities for probing atomistic length scales under dynamic conditions are extremely limited. It is the goal of this project to compensate for this shortcoming in current experimental capabilities by carrying out a suite of molecular dynamics simulations to obtain numerical approximation of microstructural changes that take place in metals because of shock wave loading, and to investigate a number of issues related to the aging of plutonium. With respect to microstructural changes that take place in metals due to shock wave

This article discusses the unusual challenges the international oil companies have as they consider investing in the oil and gas industry of the Russian Federation. Topics include the following: Russian oil and gas reserves; the Russian legislative process; law on subsurface resources; regulations on licensing procedure; draft law on oil and gas; draft law on concessions; proposed modification draft legislation; obstacles to wide scale investment.

Appendix C Appendix C A Status Report on Developing Transportation for Caspian Basin Oil and Gas Production Prior to the breakup of the Soviet Union, the petroleum transportation networks in Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan were designed to provide petroleum to the internal Soviet economy and, in particular, to meet the Soviet militaryÂ’s need for petroleum [1]. Investment in the Caspian Basin petroleum transportation system was, however, severely deficient. In order for the producers in the Caspian Sea area to become major petroleum exporters, existing petroleum transport lines, which generally head northward into Russia, will need upgrading. More importantly, new lines will need to be built to transport Caspian Sea oil to export markets, in some combination of westward to the Mediterranean,

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Kyrgyzstan is a country of 4.3 million persons in Central Asia with Kazakhstan bordering to the north, China to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the west, and Tajikistan to the southwest. Among Kyrgyzstan's major ethnic groups, Kyrgyz account of 52% of the population, Russians 22%, and Uzbeks 13%. Since independence Sept. 7, 1991, from the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan has found itself in a very difficult position. The situation in the energy sector is particularly strained. Oil and gas production are minimal, there are no refineries in the country, and all petroleum products are brought in from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan. Natural gas in supplied from Turkmenistan. Although there are domestic reserves of coal, imports from Russia and Kazakhstan account for 55% of supply. However, there is significant hydropower potential in Kyrgyzstan. Energy officials have clearly identified development of this resource as the path to energy independence and economic progress. An overview of Kyrgyzstan's energy sector is given in this article for crude oil, natural gas, coal resources, electrical power, and investment opportunities.

Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) by seismic means will require identification of seismic sources at magnitude levels where industrial explosions (primarily, mining blasts) may comprise a significant fraction of the total number of events recorded, and may for some countries dominate the seismicity. Thus, data on blasting practice have both political significance for the negotiation of treaties involving seismic monitoring of nuclear tests, and operational applications in terms of establishing monitoring and inspection needs on a mine-by-mine basis. While it is generally accepted that mining explosions contribute to seismicity at lower seismic magnitudes (less than about magnitude 3.5), the rate of mining seismicity as a function of seismic magnitude is unknown for most countries outside the U.S. This results in a large uncertainty when estimating the task of discriminating nuclear explosions from chemical explosions and earthquakes, by seismic means, under a comprehensive nuclear test ban. This uncertainty directly affects estimates of seismic network enhancements required to achieve treaty verification requirements at magnitudes less than about 3.5. 24 refs., 64 figs., 11 tabs.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

The USA and the Russian Federation are laying the groundwork for a simultaneous mineral lease sale in the Chukchi Sea, hoping to spur private sector exploration and development in the remote Arctic waters. This article describes both the history behind this cooperation and what information has been exchanged. The economic advantages to both countries and the general outlines of such an cooperation are discussed.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

The purpose of this paper is to study an optimal structure of a system of international gas pipelines competing for a gas market. We develop a game-dynamic model of the operation of several interacting gas pipeline projects with project owners acting as players in the game. The model treats the projects' commercialization times as major players' controls. Current quantities of gas supply are modeled as approximations to Nash equilibrium points in instantaneous "gas supply games", in which each player maximizes his/her current netprofit due to the sales of gas. We use the model to analyze the Turkish gas market, on which gas routes originating from Russia, Turkmenistan and Iran are competing. The analysis is carried out in three steps. At step 1, we model the operation of the pipelines as planned and estimate the associated profits. At step 2, we optimize individual projects, with respect to their profits, assuming that the other pipelines operate as planned. At step 3, we find numerical Nash equilibrium commercialization policies for the entire group of the pipelines. The simulations show the degrees to which the planned regimes are not optimal compared to the Nash equilibrium ones. Another observation is that in equilibrium regimes the pipelines are not always being run at their full capacities, which implies that the proposed pipeline capacities might not be optimal. The simulation results turn out to be moderately sensitive to changes in the discount rate and highly sensitive to changes in the price elasticity of gas demand.

in capitalist economies in general. I teach a seminar on Critical Discourses in Urban Sustainability and another spring which sustains my long-term linkages to Environmental Studies at OU and provides new opportunities of the former Soviet Republic of Turkmenistan, lying just north of Afghanistan and Iran. My trip to Turkmenistan

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Japanese pleas to back Tokyo's bid to host a disputed nuclear fusion reactor as the global contest particles together as opposed to existing nuclear reactors and weapons which produce energy by splitting for the right to build the world's first such reactor, but the six members of the joint venture have so far

The magnitude of Russian foreign debt, both official bilateral and commercial, compounded by collapse of the Russian economic system, is an obstacle in preventing the Russian Federation from effectively increasing the domestic priority of drawing down its nuclear weapons complex and providing a healthy, competitive environment to its nuclear cities. Debt-for-nature swaps, introduced in the early 1980s, provide debtor nations with a means of converting a portion of foreign debt into local currency, often at steep discounts, to use for purposes such as environmental protection that serve both a domestic and international need. This paper presents the debt-for-nature concept as a model for providing an infusion of funds to further U.S. and international nonproliferation objectives to help stabilize Russian closed city economic conditions through direct work on proliferation problems and remediation of the environment. A specific proposal is presented to demonstrate the utility and efficacy of the dept swap concept through initial collaboration with the city administration of Ozersk. The purpose of the proposal is to facilitate making Ozersk a safe, healthy competitive city, providing useful employment for its scientists and population and converting its superior infrastructure into productive activities.

This dissertation is an architectural history of Russian everyday life, or byt, in the first two decades after the October Revolution. In this period, the investigation and reform of byt was a project that vastly crossed ...

of Lomonosov Moscow State University 18 time operating system. The sampling time in our control system is 1 velocity and a #12;Institute of Mechanics of Lomonosov Moscow State University 4 positive average system with two internal bodies #12;Institute of Mechanics of Lomonosov Moscow State University 6

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

This is the final report on the INSP project entitled, ``Kola Confinement Leaktightness'' conducted by BNL under the authorization of Project Work Plan WBS 1.2.2.1. This project was initiated in February 1993 to assist the Russians to reduce risks associated with the continued operation of older Soviet-designed nuclear power plants, specifically the Kola VVER-440/230 Units 1 and 2, through upgrades in the confinement performance to reduce the uncontrolled leakage rate. The major technical objective of this-project was to improve the leaktightness of the Kola NPP VVER confinement boundaries, through the application of a variety of sealants to penetrations, doors and hatches, seams and surfaces, to the extent that current technology permitted. A related objective was the transfer, through training of Russian staff, of the materials application procedures to the staff of the Kola NPP. This project was part of an overall approach to minimizing uncontrolled releases from the Kola NPP VVER440/230s in the event of a serious accident, and to thereby significantly mitigate the consequences of such an accident. The US provided materials, application technology, and applications equipment for application of sealant materials, surface coatings, potting materials and gaskets, to improve the confinement leaktightness of the Kola VVER-440/23Os. The US provided for training of Russian personnel in the applications technology.

A three-dimensional numerical model of the Pauzhetsky geothermal field has been developed based on a conceptual hydrogeological model of the system. It extends over a 13.6-km2 area and includes three layers: (1) a base layer with inflow; (2) a geothermal reservoir; and (3) an upper layer with discharge and recharge/infiltration areas. Using the computer program iTOUGH2 (Finsterle, 2004), the model is calibrated to a total of 13,675 calibration points, combining natural-state and 1960-2006 exploitation data. The principal model parameters identified and estimated by inverse modeling include the fracture permeability and fracture porosity of the geothermal reservoir, the initial natural upflow rate, the base-layer porosity, and the permeabilities of the infiltration zones. Heat and mass balances derived from the calibrated model helped identify the sources of the geothermal reserves in the field. With the addition of five makeup wells, simulation forecasts for the 2007-2032 period predict a sustainable average steam production of 29 kg/s, which is sufficient to maintain the generation of 6.8 MWe at the Pauzhetsky power plant.

The technology of plasma ignition of solid fuels is described, as well as its creation and development steps, the technoeconomic characteristics of plasma igniter systems, schemes of their installation in pulverized-coal boilers, and results of their application at pulverized coal-fired power plants.

Lithium elemental and isotopic disequilibrium in minerals from peridotite xenoliths from far Abstract Lithium concentrations and isotopic compositions of coexisting olivine and clinopyroxene (cpx composition. Lithium concentrations in cpx from Tok (1Â­12 ppm) are equal to or significantly greater than

The Project for the Intercomparison of Land-Surface Parameterization Schemes (PILPS) aims to improve understanding and modeling of land surface processes. PILPS phase 2(d) uses a set of meteorological and hydrological data spanning 18 yr (1966–83)...

The northwestern areas of the Western Siberia are subjected to intensive anthropogenic pressure, mainly by the oil and gas extraction industries, reindeer herding, hunting, and fishing. Localized activities, rather than regional-scale activities have led to the degradation of the natural environment on a regional scale. These processes include (1) transfer of pollutants by water and atmosphere; (2) expansion and merging of oil and gas development sites; (3) degradation of the key wildlife habitats (reproduction sites of fish, animals, birds, migration routes, etc.); and (4) more intensive use of remaining pastures and hunting areas by the indigenous population due to loss of large areas of pasture and hunting territories to the oil and gas industries. Analysis of the existing situation within northwest Siberia suggests that in the future, the situation will continue to worsen unless there is significant improvement in land-use management and technology of oil and gas industry. Degradation processes may also be exacerbated by global warming. Concurrently local changes themselves may lead to negative changes on the global scale.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

and Wuji. The length of the pipelines total 4000 kilometerspipeline would total 6870 kilometers in length and requirepipeline would begin in Turkmenistan or Uzbekistan and end at Lianyungang in northeastern Jiangsu province. The length

The general post-Soviet decline of the states of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) mirrors specific declines in the robustness of these states' stocks of financial, physical, ...

The second half of August 1998 was dominated by two events. From 14 to 28 August, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) intervened in the Hong Kong equity markets to prevent a speculative double play against their currency board. On 17 August...

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

American and European academic literature on Russian politics and energy policy.American economist Clifford Gaddy concerning the influence of the dissertation on Russian energy policy,American, neo-liberal mold. This vision also informed the new government’s approach to energy policy.

new government’s approach to energy policy. In particular,government and Gazprom over control of the gas business, energy rents, and Russian gas policy;Energy (the central government agency dealing with ECH policy),

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

The Material Protection, Control and Accounting (MPC&A) Operations Monitoring (MOM) systems handling at the International Intergovernmental Organization - Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) is described in this paper. Category I nuclear material (plutonium and uranium) is used in JINR research reactors, facilities and for scientific and research activities. A monitoring system (MOM) was installed at JINR in April 2003. The system design was based on a vulnerability analysis, which took into account the specifics of the Institute. The design and installation of the MOM system was a collaborative effort between JINR, Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Financial support was provided by DOE through BNL. The installed MOM system provides facility management with additional assurance that operations involving nuclear material (NM) are correctly followed by the facility personnel. The MOM system also provides additional confidence that the MPC&A systems continue to perform effectively.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Armenia (December 2005), Azerbaijan (May 2005), Bosnia (January 2008), Georgia (October 2004), Kazakhstan to join the new program in 2004, followed by Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Moldova.15 In 2008. This tendency is illustrated by the cases of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Ukraine, whose participation

Turkish-U.S. Business Council Turkish-U.S. Business Council Turkish-U.S. Business Council November 16, 2007 - 4:31pm Addthis Remarks as Prepared for Secretary Bodman Thank you Minister Guler for the introduction. And let me say how very much I appreciated your remarks just now. I also want to extend my personal greetings to Mr. Sahenk and to the members of the Turkish-U.S. Business Council's Executive Committee for sponsoring this lunch. We have many things to talk about this afternoon. Since leaving the United States, I was in Rome for the World Energy Congress and have been to Turkmenistan for the 12th Annual Turkmenistan Industrial Oil and Gas Exhibition. What I said to them is the same as I am going to say to you. From the standpoint of the global economy and our shared need for

British American Business British American Business British American Business November 20, 2007 - 4:45pm Addthis Remarks as Prepared for Secretary Bodman Thank you. It's a pleasure to be back speaking to the members of British-American Business. I want to thank Peter Hunt for convening this event and for inviting me to be a part of it. I'm winding up a trip that began in Rome at the World Energy Conference where I and six of my fellow Energy Ministers from around the world shared our views on how to increase the world's energy security. Then I traveled to Turkmenistan to meet the new President and senior leaders in his government. As you may know, Turkmenistan has vast oil and gas resources and has the potential to be a significant new supplier for Europe if new export routes can be constructed and new investment made.

British American Business British American Business British American Business November 20, 2007 - 4:45pm Addthis Remarks as Prepared for Secretary Bodman Thank you. It's a pleasure to be back speaking to the members of British-American Business. I want to thank Peter Hunt for convening this event and for inviting me to be a part of it. I'm winding up a trip that began in Rome at the World Energy Conference where I and six of my fellow Energy Ministers from around the world shared our views on how to increase the world's energy security. Then I traveled to Turkmenistan to meet the new President and senior leaders in his government. As you may know, Turkmenistan has vast oil and gas resources and has the potential to be a significant new supplier for Europe if new export routes can be constructed and new investment made.

Turkish-U.S. Business Council Turkish-U.S. Business Council Turkish-U.S. Business Council November 16, 2007 - 4:31pm Addthis Remarks as Prepared for Secretary Bodman Thank you Minister Guler for the introduction. And let me say how very much I appreciated your remarks just now. I also want to extend my personal greetings to Mr. Sahenk and to the members of the Turkish-U.S. Business Council's Executive Committee for sponsoring this lunch. We have many things to talk about this afternoon. Since leaving the United States, I was in Rome for the World Energy Congress and have been to Turkmenistan for the 12th Annual Turkmenistan Industrial Oil and Gas Exhibition. What I said to them is the same as I am going to say to you. From the standpoint of the global economy and our shared need for

might inject drugs worldwide [1•]. China, the United States,China, the United States, and Russia, the three leading countries for injecting drugChina Russia USA Fig. 1 Number and proportion of HIV infection among injecting drug

Since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Russia has attracted a minuscule proportion of global FDI-only 1 percent of inflows to developing countries. Worse, most of Russia's FDI is "market-seeking"-geared to the domestic ...

Russia has organized its energy industry similarly to a vertically integrated energy corporation. Not only does Russia possess vast oil and gas reserves, it also has capabilities at every step in the production chain. The ...

Oct 14, 1998 ... stitute for Metal Physics, Tomsk Russia. Metallography ... 13/19, Moscow, Russia 127412 .... We performed all of the experiments in a gas gun with identical ..... The testing was performed in air and in natural seawater. In water ...

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

event on 20 September 2002 in North Ossetia, North Caucasus, Russia is used as an example of a complex illustrated by eight ma- jor events from Russia, Georgia, Peru, Chile, and Canada. CGMM have a combination-Karmadon catastrophic event on 20 September 2002 in North Osse- tia, North Caucasus, Russia has been described by vari

The report describes the following: overview of the Russian power industry; electric power equipment of Russia; power industry development forecast for Russia; clean coal technology demonstration program of the US Department of Energy; reduction of coal TPS (thermal power station) environmental impacts in Russia; and base options of advanced coal thermal power plants. Terms of the application of clean coal technology at Russian TPS are discussed in the Conclusions.

Sample records for turkmenistan moldova russia from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "turkmenistan moldova russia" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Russia is a major player in world energy markets. It has more proven natural gas reserves than any other country, is among the top ten in proven oil reserves, is the largest exporter of natural gas, the second largest oil exporter, and the third largest energy consumer. Energy exports have been a major driver of Russia’s economic growth over the last five years, as Russian oil production has risen strongly and world oil prices have been very high. This type of growth has made the Russian economy dependent on oil and natural gas exports and vulnerable to fluctuations in oil prices. Russia’s ability to maintain and expand its capacity to produce and to export energy faces difficulties. Russia’s oil and gas fields are aging. Modern western energy technology has not been fully implemented. There is insufficient export capacity in the crude oil pipeline system controlled by Russia’s state-owned pipeline monopoly, Transneft. And, there is insufficient investment capital for improving and expanding Russian oil and gas production and pipeline systems. The Russian government has moved to take control of the country’s energy supplies. It broke up the previously large energy company Yukos and acquired its