Aspirin, also called acetylsalicylic acid, derivative of salicylic acid that is a mild nonnarcotic analgesic useful in the relief of headache and muscle and joint aches. Aspirin is effective in reducing fever, inflammation, and swelling and thus has been used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic fever, and mild infection. In these instances, aspirin generally acts on the symptoms of disease and does not modify or shorten the duration of a disease. However, because of its ability to inhibit the production of bloodplateletaggregates (which may cut off the blood supply to regions of the heart or brain), it has also been used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of such conditions as unstable angina or following a minor stroke or heart attack.

Aspirin is sometimes used as a preventive agent for certain diseases. For example, daily intake of low-dose aspirin (75–300 mg) can reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke in high-risk individuals. Studies have also found that long-term use of low-dose aspirin can lower the risk of colon cancer in some persons and is associated with a reduced risk of death from several types of cancer, including certain forms of colon cancer as well as lung cancer and esophageal cancer.

Aspirin acts by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, body chemicals that are necessary for blood clotting and are noted for sensitizing nerve endings to pain. The use of aspirin has been known to cause allergic reaction and gastrointestinal problems in some people. It has also been linked to the development in children (primarily those 2 to 16 years old) of Reye syndrome, an acute disorder of the liver and central nervous system that may follow viral infections such as influenza and chicken pox, and to the development of age-related macular degeneration (a blinding disorder) in some persons who use the drug regularly over many years. Like almost all drugs, aspirin is to be avoided during pregnancy. Compareacetaminophen; ibuprofen.

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drug used in the treatment of mild pain, such as headache and pain in joints and muscles, and to reduce fever. Acetaminophen is the major metabolite of acetanilid or phenacetin, which were once commonly used drugs, and is responsible for their analgesic (pain-relieving) effects. Acetaminophen...

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of minor pain, fever, and inflammation. Like aspirin, ibuprofen works by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, body chemicals that sensitize nerve endings. The drug may irritate the gastrointestinal tract. Marketed under trade names...

any drug that relieves pain selectively without blocking the conduction of nerve impulses, markedly altering sensory perception, or affecting consciousness. This selectivity is an important distinction between an analgesic and an anesthetic.