Protesters try to escape the jet of an advancing police water cannon during a protest on Friday against the government after the mine explosion in Soma. Photo: EPA

Government and company officials denied on Friday that negligence caused Turkey’s worst mining disaster, as opposition lawmakers raised questions about oversight and a survivor said safety inspectors never visited the lower reaches of the mine.

Anger continued to surge in the wake of the coal mine inferno in the western town of Soma that has killed at least 299 miners. On Friday, police used tear gas and water cannon to disperse rock-throwing protesters in Soma, where about 1,500 demonstrators urged Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s government to resign.

In Istanbul, police forcefully broke up a crowd of about 150 people who lit candles and lined up mining helmets on the ground to honour the victims of the disaster, the DHA news agency reported.

Energy Minister Taner Yildiz said at least 299 people died in Tuesday’s tragedy. Another two or three people are believed to be missing underground while 485 miners escaped or were rescued.

Protesting workers have described the disaster as murder, not an accident, because of what they call flawed safety conditions at that mine and others in the country.

Erdal Bicak, 24, said he had just ended his shift on Tuesday and was making his way to the surface when mine managers ordered him back down because of a problem.

“The company is guilty. The new gas levels had gotten too high and they didn’t tell us in time.”

Miner Erdal Bicak

“The company is guilty,” Bicak said, adding that managers had machines that measure methane gas levels. “The new gas levels had gotten too high and they didn’t tell us in time.”

The government has asked for a parliamentary inquiry into the disaster to find out what happened and why – but it appeared that officials had already made up their minds on Friday.

“There’s no negligence with respect to this incident,” insisted Huseyin Celik, a deputy leader of the ruling party. He said the mine in Soma “was inspected vigorously 11 times since 2009”.

“Let’s learn from this pain and rectify our mistakes,” he said. “[But] this is not the time to look for a scapegoat.”

Bicak, however, said the last inspection at the Soma mine was six months before the disaster. He said the inspectors only visit the top 100 metres of the mine and the managers knew that. So, the managers would clean up the top part of the mine and the inspectors never saw what was below, he said.

The miner said the pathways are really narrow and steep down below, and the ceilings are so low miners can’t stand up, he said, adding that’s why it was so hard to escape and that was what the inspectors weren’t seeing.

“There’s no negligence with respect to this incident. We all worked with all our heart and soul. I have not seen anything like this in 20 years,” he told reporters.

The question remains, however, of how the mine could have been checked so often and still have such a deadly fire.

Ibrahim Ali Hasdan, a Soma resident, said he was astonished by claims there was no negligence.

“Let’s learn from this pain and rectify our mistakes ... this is not the time to look for a scapegoat.”

Ruling party deputy leader Huseyin Celik

“This statement hurts people’s hearts ... even a young child wouldn’t be convinced by this statement,” he said.

The chief prosecutor in the nearby city of Akhisar said prosecutors had begun interviewing some of the injured miners and other witnesses.

Ozgur Ozel, an opposition lawmaker from the Soma region, petitioned parliament in October to hold an inquiry into mine safety but the proposal was voted down. Ozel says there’s a mine accident every three or four months in the Soma region and eleven workers have died in the last three years.

Mine inspections do take place but the owners are tipped off up to a week before, Ozel alleged.

“The main suspicion about it is that there is a relationship between the government and those running this mine and the mine was not being properly supervised” for health and safety issues due to those ties, Ozel told reporters in an interview on Friday.

Ozel’s party has criticised the government for not adopting the International Labour Organisation’s convention on mine safety, widely regarded as the industry standard.

Joe Drexler of the Global Union Federation visited Turkey several times between 2008 and 2010 to urge government officials to ratify the ILO convention and improve health and safety in the country’s mines.

“I have no doubt that this disaster could have been averted if this convention had been accepted,” Drexler said in a telephone interview from Canada.

Funeral prayers were said in mosques throughout Turkey for the victims and soccer fans draped their team’s scarves on Friday over some of the graves in Soma.

Erdogan attended one such ceremony in Istanbul. The disaster could hurt his political ambitions – he has made no secret of his desire to run for president in the country’s August election after serving as prime minister for the last 11 years.

President Barack Obama called Turkish President Abdullah Gul to convey condolences and offer assistance, a White House statement said.

Celik, the mining official, said thick smoke from the underground fire killed miners who had no gas masks.

Bicak, the surviving miner, said he ended up in an area about a kilometre underground with 150 others when he heard an explosion. He said they were given old oxygen masks that he thought hadn’t been checked in many years.

Bicak and a close friend tried to make it to an exit, but there was a lot of smoke, and it was very narrow and steep. He said he and his friend took turns slapping each other to stay conscious.

Bicak eventually made it out of the mine with his friend – by then in a confused state, lapsing in and out of consciousness. He said he lost many friends, and that out of the group of 150 in the area, only 15 made it out alive.

Bicak, whose leg was badly injured and in a cast, recounted his story while in a town square with other miners who were holding candles in Savastepe, about 30 kilometres from Soma.

The tragedy spelled the end of his mining career, he said.

“I’m not going to be a miner anymore. God gave me a chance and now I’m done.”