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Child Development

Effects of poverty on the physical development of a Jamaican child Physical development is defined by Tina Bruce and Carolyn Meggitt in the text Child Care and Education as “the way in which the body gains skills and become more complex in its performance.” Arnold Gesell a psychologist and pediatrician put forth normative development guidelines for a child (physical development milestones). The normative development guidelines are categorized into gross motor skills, fine -motor skills and balance/coordination skills. Therefore, the physical development of the child is the child being able to master certain skills at the right time; for example, at fifteen months a child scribbles with a crayon, throws a ball and is able to identify colour. This child would have met the mile stone set for his age as a result he is considered as being physically developed.

Poverty delays a child’s physical development. Take for example the development of the fine motor skills. Fine motor skill refers to the movement of the little muscles in the eyes and fingers (eyes and hand coordination). At six months, biologically, the child should be able to grab objects, hold on to them shortly and later on poke them to get an understanding. However, these skills have to be nurtured by the environment. A child who lives in an impoverished household usually gets little stimulant from the environment. This is because the child’s parent is unable to afford toys such as rattles, building blocks and sponge balls which will help them to develop the skills mentioned above. Also, the parents within impoverished households are usually uneducated and do not know or understand the importance of creating an environment that stimulates the development of fine motor skills. This child motor skill will still be developed but at a later date. The delay in developing the child’s fine motor skill will result in a delay in the child’s literacy skills (being able to read and write). Poverty also affects...

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...Unit 004 – ChildDevelopment.
Section 1.
A good introduction should introduce childdevelopment with particular attention to ‘holistic’ development and describe expected patterns of development and what this means.
Childdevelopment is a stage that every child goes through. This process involves learning and mastering skills like sitting, walking, talking, skipping, eating and tying shoes. Children learn these skills called developmental milestones during predictable time periods. Children develop skills in five main areas of development:
1. Cognitive Development. This is the child’s ability to learn and solve problems. For example, this includes a two-month-old baby learning to explore the environment with hands or eyes and a five-year-old learning how to do simple math problems.
2. Social and Emotional Development. This is the child’s ability to interact with others, including helping themselves and self-control. Examples of this type of development would include: a six-week-old baby smiling, a ten-month-old baby waving bye-bye or a five-year-old boy knowing how to take turns in games at school.
3. Speech and Language Development. This is the child’s ability to both understand and use language. For example, this includes a 12-month-old baby saying their first...

...There are two different types of physical development, where the body increases skills and development:
Gross Motor Skills- Where the body uses large muscles for skills
Fine Motor Skills- where we use smaller body muscles for skills i.e. Hands and fingers
Here are examples of development for different years of a child’s, child life.
0-6 months old.
GROSS- Lifting head
GROSS- Pushing up
GROSS- Crawling
FINE- Point with index finger
FINE- Grab to hold a finger or a rattle
FINE- Pass items from hand to hand
From 0-6 months you can observe many changes in there development. Most parts of a baby’s body are still very immature at 0-6 months. Babies grow faster in their first 6 months than at any other time in their lives.
Babies begin to develop muscles in their neck by about 2 months and start to lift their head and their head movements, they naturally exercise these muscles when lying on their stomachs. They begin baby push-ups at around 4 months, they use there arm muscles to push up there shoulders and then use their neck muscles to turn their head.
Babies at 3 months can hold themselves up in a sitting position when lightly supported and then by 6 moths can roll over on their own. From birth babies start to point and grab fingers. Little ones begin reaching and grabbing objects that may be dangling in front of them. They can hold and shake a rattle and even start to put items into...

...discuss the physical growth and development patterns of the infant through their first year.<br><br>To begin with, development refers to the baby's increased skill in using various body parts. When dealing with the development of a child there are three basic developmental rules.<br><br><i>First Developmental Rule:</i><br>This rule states that babies develop in the head region first, then the trunk, and lastly in the legs and feet. Therefore, it is said that babies develop in a head-to-toe direction or cephalocaudally. For example, a baby can hold up their head before they can grasp an object with their hand. Also, they can feed themself before they can walk.<br><br><i>Second Developmental Rule:</i><br>The second rule explains that children develop from the midline, or centre of the body, outward toward the fingers and toes. This stage or rule is the one which affects the development of motor skills. Motor skills are the child's ability to control movement. There are two basic classifications of motor skills, gross motor skills and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills are those which involve the large muscles. Whereas, fine motor skills are those involving the smaller muscle groups. For example, a child can grasp a big ball in their arms before they can catch a baseball in their hands. The fine skills of hands and feet are the last to develop.<br><br><i>Third Developmental...

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What are the stages of Infancy development?
Throughout the course of an infant's early stages of development there are several factors that can affect the child such as environmental factors which can damage the fetus and interfere with a healthy development of a baby. Infancy development is the early stage in which a baby undergoes its first physical and mental development stages. In this paper you will find how Cognitive and social aspects of development are shaped and molded at an early age, as well as physical changes, language, speech, perception, and motor skills. The reader will understand how the motor, sensory and perceptual skills of infants are developed as they are exposed to a wide range of experiences, with large amounts of opportunity to explore and understand the surroundings all around them.
What is Cognitive development? Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making. A very well know psychologist known as Jean Piaget, states that children progress through a series of four key stages of cognitive development. Each stage is marked by shifts in how kids understand the world. Piaget believed that children are like "little scientists" and that they actively try to explore and make sense of the world around them.
How do physical...

...aspect of development from birth – 19 years.
Childdevelopment is how a child becomes able to do more difficult things as they grow older. Development is different than growth, because growth only refers to the child getting bigger in size. When we talk about normal development, we are talking about developing skills like:
Gross motor skills: these are important for major body movement such as walking, maintaining balance, coordination, jumping, and reaching.
Fine motor skills: involves the small muscles of the body that allows such tasks as writing, grasping small objects, and fastening clothing. They involve strength and dexterity.
Language skills: this involves speaking, using body language and gestures, communicating and understanding what others say.
Cognitive skills: involves thinking, including learning, understanding, problem solving, reasoning and remembering.
Social skills: it is used to interact and communicate with one another. It includes how to greet someone, take turns in conversation, maintaining conversation and engaging in eye contact.
When we practitioners look at a baby or a child we talk about and observe holistic development. In order to help us remember we have covered all areas of development with the word PILESS.
Physical development- Which refers to the growing, control and...

...﻿Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years and the difference between sequence and rate of development.
Physical development
Age 0-3 years
Children over this period develop fast. When they are born they have little control over their bodies. Their reflexes help them survive such as sucking and grasping. Over the next 12 months babies have more control over their bodies and learn to roll over, sit up, crawl and even walk. They can pick up objects and release them intentionally. By the end of their second year their gross motor skills have rapidly developed they can run, climb, kick balls and pedal a bike. Their fine motor skills are improving; infants have more control over crayons, can build towers with blocks and can put on clothes.
Age 3-7 years
At this age they have improved their gross motor skills and co-ordination so is more proficient at running, jumping, climbing and balancing. Their fine motor skills continue to improve. Children learn to cut out shapes, fasten buttons and zips and write letters and short words.
Age 7-12 years
Co-ordination and speed of movement develops. They have more physical strength as bones and muscles develop. Can hop, skip and hit a ball with a bat. Handwriting becomes easier and more legible. They can do more complex activities such as sewing or play a instrument.
Age 12- 16 years
At this stage children will start physical changes of puberty. This will...

...intellectual qualities of each child. These qualities develop through what Montessori referred to as "the sensitive periods."Each sensitive period is a specific kind of compulsion, motivating young children to seek objects and relationships in their environment with which to fulfill their special and unique inner potentials..Montessori believed that children will develop to their full human potential when everything in the environment is "just right." Everything Food, furniture, learning activities, social relations, clothing, routines, and rituals must all be "just right" in order for them to develop their fullest potential as human beings. Young children are neither consciously aware of nor capable of directly communicating their interests and developmental needs. In Montessori Early Childhood programs, teachers are charged with providing learning environments in which everything is "just right." For almost one hundred years, Montessori educators have observed a set of motivations shared by young children around the world. What Dr. Maria Montessori discovered in the St. Lorenz Quarter in 1907 was that children are self-motivated to learn from their environment. Borrowing a term from biology, she called these stages the sensitive periods, after similar developmental stages in animals. The idea seemed revolutionary at the time, and took many years, following Piaget's extensions of Montessori's initial explanation, to become generally accepted in...