Sample records for latent cancer fatalities

Aneuploidy is a characteristic of cancer, with greater than 90% of all solid tumors in humans carrying an aberrant karyotype. Yet, whether or how this condition contributes to tumorigenesis is not understood. Here we ...

Ovarian cancer is the most fatal of all gynecological malignancies. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) accounts for about 90% of malignant ovarian tumours and is thought to originate mostly from ovarian surface epithelium ...

in the population of these trades were not perlormed. Fabrega and Starkey noted that Hispanics were underreprcsented in some of the higher-skilled trades, such as electricians, carpenters, and supervisors. OSHA (2002) has also become concerned about the fatality... trade, such ius plumber or electrician. On the other hand, 23% of the whites in the study were employed in a basic trade, while 29'7a were in a mechanical trade (Anderson and Hunting, 2000). Also, few Hispanics were members of a union, which can...

GM Project G.6 October 20008 - 1 8. FATAL CRASH RATES 8.1 MODELING FATALITY RATES FOR OLDER DRIVERS crash rate concepts we call "driver risk,"or the driver fatality rate. It is the fatality rate, per mile driver. The driver fatality risk rate is measured by dividing the number of older drivers in a given age

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Patients are typically diagnosed with advanced disease and have a high fatality:case ratio. Despite its prevalence, the identity of the cell of origin, precursor ...

kill birds or that the type of tower or wind turbine does not relate to bird mortality (Anderson et al on wind turbines with tubular towers, and Thelander and Rugge (2001) found that mortality was no less A major step toward reducing bird fatalities at wind energy generating facilities will be to identify

The atomic movement induced on melting has to overcome a viscous drag resistance. It is suggested that the latent heat of fusion supplies the required energy for this physical process. The viscosity model introduced here allows computation of the latent heat from viscosity, molar volume, melting temperature, and atomic mass and diameter. The correlation between these parameters and the latent heat of 14 elements with body and face centered cubic structures was exceptional, with the correlation coefficients of 0.97 and 0.95 respectively.

THE LATENT EFFECT OF COGENCY IN THE MINORITY INFLUENCE PROCESS A Thesis by JUDITH ANN OUELLETTE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE May 1993 Major subject: Psychology THE LATENT EFFECT OF COGENCY IN THE MINORITY INFLUENCE PROCESS A Thesis by JUDITH ANN OUELLETTE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment...

This publication presents information on fatalities involving roof and rib falls that occurred in coal mining operations from January 1996 through December 1998. It includes statistics for the fatalities, as well as abstracts, best practices and illustrations. Conclusion statements have been substituted for best practices where no Title 30 Code of Regulations violations were cited during the accident investigation. From January 1996 through December 1998, 36 miners died at coal operations from accidents classified as roof falls. The information in the report is based on statistics taken from the 1996 through 1998 MSHA Fatal Illustration Programs: Roof Fall Fatalities by District.

This publication presents information on fatalities involving roof and rib falls that occurred in coal mining operations from January 1996 through December 1998. It includes statistics for the fatalities, as well as abstracts, best practices and illustrations. Conclusion statements have been substituted for best practices where no Title 30 Code of Regulations violations were cited during the accident investigation. From January 1996 through December 1998, 36 miners died at coal operations from accidents classified as roof falls. The information in the report is based on statistics taken from the 1996 through 1998 MSHA Fatal Illustration Programs: Roof Fall Fatalities by District.

Latent heat models were developed to calculate heat-transfer coefficients in agitated vessels for two cases: (1) heating with a condensable fluid flowing through coils and jackets; (2) vacuum reflux cooling with an overhead condenser. In either case the mathematical treatment, based on macroscopic balances, requires no iterative schemes. In addition to providing heat-transfer coefficients, the models predict flow rates of service fluid through the coils and jackets, estimate the percentage of heat transfer due to latent heat, and compute reflux rates.

transportation facility was opened for use. The comparison of the photographs allowed for any changes in land use to be easily recognized. 15 Preliminar Anal sis of Variables Identification of Latent Travel Oemand The first step in this analysis of latent... facilities (3). Therefore, this highway characteristic was also included as a possible latent demand indicator. Detailed Anal sis of Variables In order to examine their relationships with latent travel demand on new urban transportation facilities...

-based cohort of 4,319 U.S. patients with newly-diagnosed lung or colorectal cancer participating in the Cancer Care Outcomes and Research Surveillance (CanCORS) study. Fatalistic beliefs were assessed with an established measure. A fatalism score (range 4...

or where many species are thought to be at imminent risk of extinction. However, these strategies may identify such areas for the world's mammals using latent extinction risk, the discrepancy between a species' current extinction risk and that predicted from models on the basis of biological traits. Species

includes random search, standard gradient­based algorithms, line search methods such as conjugate gradient to to first order method operat­ ing on the gradient of a locally reshaped likelihood function. DirectRelationship between gradient and EM steps in latent variable models. Ruslan Salakhutdinov Sam

includes random search, standard gradient-based algorithms, line search methods such as conjugate gradient to to first order method operat- ing on the gradient of a locally reshaped likelihood function. DirectRelationship between gradient and EM steps in latent variable models. Ruslan Salakhutdinov Sam

ABSTRACT INDEPENDENT CONTROL OF SENSIBLE AND LATENT COOLING IN SMALL BUILDINGS~ J. ANDREWS, J. LAMONTAGNE, and M. PIRAINO Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, New York This paper presents salient results of a utility-sponsored research project... characteristics used in the study are those found in a study of an energy- efficient Danish house which was constructed and monitored at Brookhaven National Laboratory (7). This house was found to have a natural air change rate of 0.1 air changes per hour...

Bayesian latent variable modelling in studies of air pollution and health Duncan Lee, Gavin://www.bath.ac.uk/math-sci/BICS #12;Bayesian latent variable modelling in studies of air pollution and health. Duncan Lee (1), Gavin to air pollution on respiratory mortality in the elderly (aged 65 and above) in London, England, between

Clustering Educational Digital Library Usage Data: A Comparison of Latent Class Analysis and K-Means Analysis is superior to K-means on all three comparisons. In particular, LCA is more immune to the variance, the widely used K-means and the model-based Latent Class Analysis, are compared, using usage data from

in the latent heat of fusion. Considerable work has been done in analyzing latent heat storage systems. Telkes and Raymond [lj did early work with a sodium sulfate system using sealed drums. iVore recent experimental work was conducted with other salt...

in the latent heat of fusion. Considerable work has been done in analyzing latent heat storage systems. Telkes and Raymond [lj did early work with a sodium sulfate system using sealed drums. iVore recent experimental work was conducted with other salt...

Latent Learning in Deep Neural Nets Steven Gutstein, Olac Fuentes and Eric Freudenthal Abstract of transfer learning. We utilize latent learning to enable a deep neural net to dis- tinguish among a set-mean' classification technique, which is explained later in this paper. The deep neural net architecture used was a Le

Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities and Injuries: An Analysis of the Relationship of Roadway, Driver, Vehicle Characteristics in Oregon Motor Vehicle Crash Fatalities and Injuries: An Analysis,000 population among Oregon counties from 2000-2005 ranged from 6.64-211.17. In the event of a severe motor

, chemotherapy was initiated according to the German Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia study group (GMALL 07Case Report Fatal Ophiostoma piceae infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-related fungus caused disseminated infection involving the lung and the brain in a patient with lymphoblastic

1 Actuarial risk assessment of expected fatalities attributable to carbon capture and storage : 10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.07.004 #12;2 1. Introduction Carbon capture and storage (CCS) involves capturing of carbon and the cost of capture. From the engineering, psychological or climatic point of view, one

PAVEMENT PREDICTION PERFORMANCE MODELS AND RELATION WITH TRAFFIC FATALITIES AND INJURIES V. CEREZO.gothie@developpement-durable.gouv.fr ABSTRACT This paper presents some results of a study, which aimed at modelling pavement evolution, pavement characteristics and age. In a second part, non-linear regressions were used in view of obtaining

Nanometer-size wires having a cross-sectional dimension of less than 8 nm with controllable lengths and diameters are produced by infiltrating latent nuclear or ion tracks formed in trackable materials with atomic species. The trackable materials and atomic species are essentially insoluble in each other, thus the wires are formed by thermally driven, self-assembly of the atomic species during annealing, or re-crystallization, of the damage in the latent tracks. Unlike conventional ion track lithography, the inventive method does not require etching of the latent tracks.

Nanoparticles of many metals are known to exhibit scale dependent latent heats of melting. Analytical models for this phenomenon have so far failed to completely capture the observed phenomena. Here we present a thermodynamic analysis for the melting of metal nanoparticles in terms of their internal energy and a scale dependent surface tension proposed by Tolman. The resulting model predicts the scale dependence of the latent heat of melting and is confirmed using published data for tin and aluminum.

Mining injury surveillance data are used as the basis for assessing the severity of injuries among operator and contractor employees in the underground and surface mining of various minerals. Injury rates during 1983-2002 derived from Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) database are analyzed using the negative binomial regression model. The logarithmic mean injury rate is expressed as a linear function of seven indicator variables representing Non-Coal Contractor, Metal Operator, Non Metal Operator, Stone Operator, Sand and Gravel Operator, Coal Contractor, and Work Location, and a continuous variable, RelYear, representing the relative year starting, with 1983 as the base year. Based on the model, the mean injury rate declined at a 1.69% annual rate, and the mean injury rate for work on the Surface is 52.53% lower compared to the title for work in the underground. With reference to the Coal Operator mean injury rate: the Non-Coal Contractor rate is 30.34% lower, the Metal Operator rate is 27.18% lower, the Non-Metal Operator rate is 37.51% lower, the Stone Operator rate is 23.44% lower, the Sand and Gravel Operator rate is 16.45% lower, and the Coal Contractor rate is 1.41% lower. Fatality rates during the same 20 year period are analyzed similarly using Poisson regression model. Based on this model, the mean fatality rate declined at a 3.17% annual rate, and the rate for work on the surface is 64.3% lower compared to the rate for work in the underground. With reference to the Coal Operator mean fatality rate: the Non-Coal Coil tractor rate is 234.81% higher, the Metal Operator rate is 5.79% lower, the Non-Metal Operator rate is 47.36% lower, the Stone Operator rate is 8.29% higher, the Sand and Gravel Operator rate is 60.32% higher, and the Coal Contractor rate is 129.54% higher.

Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is based on the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of a term-by-document matrix for identifying relationships among terms and documents from co-occurrence patterns. Among the multiple ways of computing the SVD of a rectangular matrix X, one approach is to compute the eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) of a square 2 x 2 composite matrix consisting of four blocks with X and XT in the off-diagonal blocks and zero matrices in the diagonal blocks. We point out that significant value can be added to LSA by filling in some of the values in the diagonal blocks (corresponding to explicit term-to-term or document-to-document associations) and computing a term-by-concept matrix from the EVD. For the case of multilingual LSA, we incorporate information on cross-language term alignments of the same sort used in Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). Since all elements of the proposed EVD-based approach can rely entirely on lexical statistics, hardly any price is paid for the improved empirical results. In particular, the approach, like LSA or SMT, can still be generalized to virtually any language(s); computation of the EVD takes similar resources to that of the SVD since all the blocks are sparse; and the results of EVD are just as economical as those of SVD.

LUNG CANCER 47 6. LUNG CANCER 6.1. SUMMARY Lung cancer was the third most common cancer in Ireland (Table 6.1). The average number of new lung cancer cases diagnosed each year was 1,000 in women and 1 for women and 1% for men. The risk of developing lung cancer up to the age of 74 was 1 in 37 for women and 1

One of the biggest advantages of wind energy is that, overall, it has fewer negative impacts on the environment than fossil fuel-generated energy. Most professionals in the wind industry would like to reduce the impact of energy generation on plants, animals, and their habitats. This is why the industry is highly motivated to find out why migrating bats have unexpectedly high fatality rates near operating wind farms. New research has provided quantitative data that indicates barotrauma is not a major cause of bat deaths around operating turbines.

The purpose of the study was to determine the risks of radiation-induced cancer and deterministic effects for the patient and staff in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sixty-five patients with HCC underwent the first cycle of TACE. Thermoluminescence dosemeters and conversion factors were used to measure surface doses and to calculate organ doses and effective dose. For the patient, the risk of fatalcancer and severe genetic defect was in the magnitude of 10{sup -4} and 10{sup -5}, respectively. Five patients showed surface doses over the first lumbar vertebra exceeding 2000 mSv and 45 patients showed doses over the spine or the liver region above 500 mSv. The risk of fatalcancer and severe genetic defect for the radiologist and assistant was in the magnitude of 10{sup -7} to 10{sup -8}. They could exceed the threshold for lens opacity in the case of more than 490 and 1613 TACE yearly for a period of many years, respectively. Radiation dose could lead to local transient erythema and/or local depression of hematopoiesis in many patients after TACE. For the radiologist and assistant, risk of fatalcancer and genetic defect and lens opacity might arise when they perform interventions such as TACE intensively.

A. Gershunov Ć R. Roca Coupling of latent heat flux and the greenhouse effect by large Abstract Coupled variability of the greenhouse effect (GH) and latent heat flux (LHF) over the tropical of convection) form regions of strong greenhouse effect in tropical convergence zones while subtropical high

proposed a new ventilation system with radiant cooling panel and air supplied from a liquid desiccant dehumidification system, which provided very dry supply air and chilled water for radiant cooling. This study usedCondensation Risk in a Room with High Latent Load and Chilled Ceiling Panel and with Air Supplied

Efficient Energy Management and Data Recovery in Sensor Networks using Latent Variables Based factor in a successful sensor network deployment is finding a good balance between maximizing the number of measurements taken (to maintain a good sampling rate) and minimizing the overall energy consumption (to extend

Assisted Heat Pump Heating System with Latent Heat Storage. In this system, solar energy is the major heat source for a heat pump, and the supplementary heat source is soil. The disagreement in time between the space heat load and heat collected by solar...

MARINE STRATUS CLOUD LIFECYCLE MODULATED BY LATENT HEAT FLUX IN A COASTAL OCEAN UPWELLING REGION, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark

health care Who abuse drugs and/or alcohol Who work or are residents of long-term care facilities return to the health care worker who will check to see if there is a reaction to the test. A positive tell the health care worker prior to having the test repeated. #12;Tuberculosis and Latent TB Treatment

, it is not easy to obtain and maintain the profiles manually. Therefore, the automatic approaches in mining usersLatent Friend Mining from Blog Data Dou Shen1 , Jian-Tao Sun2 , Qiang Yang1 , Zheng Chen2 1 in recent years with benefits for different types of users. For individuals, the Web community helps

In the United States, one in eight women will be affected by breast cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed - as well as the second most fatal - cancer in American women. It is estimated that there will be nearly 200,000 diagnoses of breast cancer this year; more than 40,000 of these will be fatal. Although advances in medical technologies have greatly increased the odds of surviving the disease, the increase in screenings has not resulted in a significant reduction in the breast cancer mortality rate. Moreover, recent studies have even suggested that an increase in these methods might, in itself, cause cancer. A new tool for early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer, supported by an award from the Breast Cancer Research Program (BCRP) of the Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs of Department of Defense, could give women a new advantage in the fight against breast cancer. This LANL-led project will integrate ultrasound tomography (UST) with recent discoveries in the field of cell and tissue biomechanics to improve breast cancer detection and characterization. UST uses ultrasound waves instead of X-rays to identify and characterize breast tumors. This technology reveals small mechanical-property changes within the breast. These changes are often the earliest signs of breast cancer. Additionally, UST is effective for women with dense breast tissue, who have a higher risk of developing breast cancer. Because the technology does not use radiation, UST can also be used as frequently as needed for women with a high risk of developing breast cancer. In contrast, mammography, the only routine breast-cancer screening tool currently available, is not effective for women with dense breast tissue and may come with unwanted side-effects caused by ionizing radiation. UST has great potential to become an alternative breast-cancer screening tool because of UST's advantages and benefits over mammography. Currently, there is fierce debate surrounding the age at which breast cancer screening should begin, and once begun, how often it should occur. The American Cancer Society recommends yearly mammograms starting at age 40. On the other hand, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends against routine so early. Rather, the Task Force recommends biennial mammography screening for women aged 50 to 74 years. The ten-year discrepancy in the onset of screening results from recent data suggesting that the frequent use of X-ray radiation during screenings could potentially increase the likelihood of developing cancer. This danger is increased by the low sensitivity and accuracy of mammograms, which sometimes require multiple screenings to yield results. Furthermore, mammograms are often not only inaccurate, but average appalling misdiagnoses rates: about 80% false positives and 15% false negatives. These misdiagnoses lead to unwarranted biopsies at an estimated health care cost of $2 billion per year, while at the same time, resulting in excessive cases of undetected cancer. As such, the National Cancer Institute recommends more studies on the advantages of types and frequency of screenings, as well as alternative screening options. The UST technology developed at LANL could be an alternative option to greatly improve the specificity and sensitivity of breast cancer screening without using ionizing radiation. LANL is developing high-resolution ultrasound tomography algorithms and a clinical ultrasound tomography scanner to conduct patient studies at the UNM Hospital. During UST scanning, the patient lies face-down while her breast, immersed in a tank of warm water, is scanned by phased-transducer arrays. UST uses recorded ultrasound signals to reconstruct a high-resolution three-dimensional image of the breast, showing the spatial distribution of mechanical properties within the breast. Breast cancers are detected by higher values of mechanical properties compared to surrounding tissues. Thus, high-resolution breast images obtained using LANL's novel UST algorithms ha

At the turn of the century – the 20th century that is – the median age in the United States was under 30 years; America was 60% rural in nature; and there were only 36 highway fatalities all year. As we leave the 20th century behind, the route into the 21st century is very different. “Intelligent” cars speed down multi-lane “smart” highways in a nation that is 75% urban. According to the Federal Highway Administration’s Highway Statistics, there are 28,000 times more vehicles on the road in 2000 than there were in 1900, and these vehicles travel about 2.6 trillion miles each year. Annual fatalities resulting from highway crashes have also increased – by over 1100%. We see other changes as well. The face of America is changing. It is growing older. In 2025, persons 65 and over will make up 18.5% of the total population. The number of persons aged 85 and over is increasing more rapidly than any other age group. More importantly, the elderly are taking more trips, driving further, and continuing to drive much later in life. These conditions lead to concerns about traffic safety. Although the elderly are healthier and drive safer cars than they did just two decades ago, their frailty makes them more susceptible to injury than younger persons involved in traffic crashes of the same severity. In addition, visual, physical, and cognitive skills, all of which contribute to driving abilities, decrease with advancing age. The familiar “U”-shaped curve depicting the rate of fatalities per vehicle miles traveled, shows that the elderly experience a higher highway fatality rate than any other age group except teenagers. While the overall number of highway fatalities has decreased regularly since 1972, the number of fatalities of elderly travelers has continued to increase steadily. This increase is cause for concern for both the elderly driver and for other persons on the roads who migh tbe placed in danger through crashes involving elderly drivers.

A simulation tool is developed to analyze the thermal performance of a centralized latent heat thermal energy storage system (LHTES) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The LHTES system is integrated with a mechanical ventilation system...

This paper reports an experimental investigation of the latent heat of vaporization (h{sub fg}) in nanofluids. Two different types of nanoparticles, graphite and silver, suspended in deionized water were exposed to a continuous laser beam (130 mW, 532?nm) to generate boiling. The latent heat of vaporization in the nanofluids was determined by the measured vapor mass generation and the heat input. To ensure that the measured h{sub fg} values are independent of heating method, the experiments were repeated with an electrically heated hot wire as a primary heat input. These experiments show considerable variation in the h{sub fg} of nanofluids. That is, graphite nanofluid exhibits an increased h{sub fg} and silver nanofluid shows a decrease in h{sub fg} compared to the value for pure water. As such, these results indicate that relatively low mass fractions of nanoparticles can apparently create large changes in h{sub fg}.

We analyze the latent heat and surface tension at the SU(3) deconfinement phase transition with tree level and tadpole improved Symanzik actions on lattices with temporal extent $N_\\tau = 3$ and 4 and spatial extent $N_\\sigma/ N_\\tau = 4$, 6 and 8. In comparison to the standard Wilson action we do find a drastic reduction of cut-off effects already with tree level improved actions. On lattices with temporal extent $N_\\tau=4$ results for the surface tension and latent heat obtained with a tree level improved action agree well with those obtained with a tadpole improved action. A comparison with $N_\\tau=3$ calculations, however, shows that results obtained with tadpole action remain unaffected by cut-off effects even on this coarse lattice, while the tree level action becomes sensitive to the cut-off. For the surface tension and latent heat we find $\\sigma_I/ T_c^3 = 0.0155~(16)$ and $\\Delta\\epsilon/T_c^4 = 1.40~(9)$, respectively.

We analyze the latent heat and surface tension at the SU(3) deconfinement phase transition with tree level and tadpole improved Symanzik actions on lattices with temporal extent $N_\\tau = 3$ and 4 and spatial extent $N_\\sigma/ N_\\tau = 4$, 6 and 8. In comparison to the standard Wilson action we do find a drastic reduction of cut-off effects already with tree level improved actions. On lattices with temporal extent $N_\\tau=4$ results for the surface tension and latent heat obtained with a tree level improved action agree well with those obtained with a tadpole improved action. A comparison with $N_\\tau=3$ calculations, however, shows that results obtained with tadpole action remain unaffected by cut-off effects even on this coarse lattice, while the tree level action becomes sensitive to the cut-off. For the surface tension and latent heat we find $\\sigma_I/ T_c^3 = 0.0155~(16)$ and $\\Delta\\epsilon/T_c^4 = 1.40~(9)$, respectively.

Purpose: Near-IR fluorescence imaging has great potential for noninvasive in vivo imaging of tumors. In this study, we show the preferential uptake and retention of two hepatamethine cyanine dyes, IR-783 and MHI-148, in tumor cells and tissues. Experimental Design: IR-783 and MHI-148 were investigated for their ability to accumulate in human cancer cells, tumor xenografts, and spontaneous mouse tumors in transgenic animals. Time- and concentration-dependent dye uptake and retention in normal and cancer cells and tissues were compared, and subcellular localization of the dyes and mechanisms of the dye uptake and retention in tumor cells were evaluated using organelle-specific tracking dyes and bromosulfophthalein, a competitive inhibitor of organic anion transporting peptides. These dyes were used to detect human cancer metastases in a mouse model and differentiate cancer cells from normal cells in blood. Results: These near-IR hepatamethine cyanine dyes were retained in cancer cells but not normal cells, in tumor xenografts, and in spontaneous tumors in transgenic mice. They can be used to detect cancer metastasis and cancer cells in blood with a high degree of sensitivity. The dyes were found to concentrate in the mitochondria and lysosomes of cancer cells, probably through organic anion transporting peptides,

A heat storage unit is disclosed having a vertically cylindrical container accommodating a latent-heat storage medium and a conduit introducing a heat carrier liquid not miscible with the medium at the bottom of the container. The conduit has an exit nozzle which is located outside the axial center of the cylinder and nearly perpendicular to the radius of the cylinder so that the heat carrier liquid enters the cylinder at the bottom in a direction to cause the heat storage melt to be set into a rotary motion.

A heat storage unit is disclosed having a vertically cylindrical container accommodating a latent-heat storage medium and a conduit introducing a heat carrier liquid not miscible with the medium at the bottom of the container. The conduit has an exit nozzle which is located outside the axial center of the cylinder and nearly perpendicular to the radius of the cylinder so that the heat carrier liquid enters the cylinder at the bottom in a direction to cause the heat storage melt to be set into a rotary motion.

Relatively little has been reported about destruction through brachytherapy of mucosa-perforating and extraluminary tumors with probable large vessel involvement causing major hemorrhagic or fistular complications. We report 12 patients subjected to laser and brachytherapy for centrally occluding lung cancer, whom we have periodically followed up from June 1986 until they died. Although all laser procedures were free from complications, necrotic cavitation in five cases, two of which were accompanied by large bronchoesophageal fistulas, and massive fatal hemoptysis occurred in six. Minor complications included radiation mucositis (two), noncritical mucosal scarring (two), and cough (four). Characteristics that will identify patients at risk of developing fatal hemoptysis and fistulas should be better defined by imaging and endoscopic techniques. In such cases, modifying the protocol or using alternative procedures should be considered. Minor complications, such as cough, can be avoided by using topical steroid therapy (eg, beclomethasone dipropionate).

-layer rack latent heat thermal energy store system Julien Borderon1 , Joseph Virgone2 , Richard Cantin1 installed as wallboard and as latent heat thermal energy storage system coupled with the ventilation system for the ventilation air is efficient. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, thermal energy storage systems are one way for reducing

It has been documented that wind turbine operations at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area kill large numbers of birds of multiple species, including raptors. We initiated a study that integrates research on bird behaviors, raptor prey availability, turbine design, inter-turbine distribution, landscape attributes, and range management practices to explain the variation in avian mortality at two levels of analysis: the turbine and the string of turbines. We found that inter-specific differences in intensities of use of airspace within close proximity did not explain the variation in mortality among species. Unique suites of attributes relate to mortality of each species, so species-specific analyses are required to understand the factors that underlie turbine-caused fatalities. We found that golden eagles are killed by turbines located in the canyons and that rock piles produced during preparation of the wind tower laydown areas related positively to eagle mortality, perhaps due to the use of these rock piles as cover by desert cottontails. Other similar relationships between fatalities and environmental factors are identified and discussed. The tasks remaining to complete the project are summarized.

Topic models have been used successfully for a variety of problems, often in the form of application-specific extensions of the basic Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. Because deriving these new models in order to encode domain knowledge can be difficult and time-consuming, we propose the Fold-all model, which allows the user to specify general domain knowledge in First-Order Logic (FOL). However, combining topic modeling with FOL can result in inference problems beyond the capabilities of existing techniques. We have therefore developed a scalable inference technique using stochastic gradient descent which may also be useful to the Markov Logic Network (MLN) research community. Experiments demonstrate the expressive power of Fold-all, as well as the scalability of our proposed inference method.

mortality due to measles and whooping cough during these periods. Estimates of case fatality rates for whooping cough are in the 3Â­15% range24 . Data analysis These time series contain a substantial annual, analyses of the relationship between measles and whooping cough outbreaks were carried out on de

was following Standard operating Procedures (SOPs) using Self Contained Oxygen Generators (SCOGs) to maintain and operators must work together to ensure that maintenance intervals are scheduled so that critical componentsDegraded Modes and the `Culture of Coping' in Military Operations: An Analysis of a Fatal Incident

major cause of fatal crashes in Texas. Specifically, this paper targets those drivers that were killed while driving under the influence (0.01 BAC). With an increase in manageable data and the ease of availability of aggregated crash records, accident...

On February 13, 1997, at approximately 11:10 a.m., a welder (referred to as “the Welder”) using a cutting torch at the K-33 Building, Oak Ridge K-25 Site, Oak Ridge Reservation, was fatally burned after being totally engulfed in flames when his anti-contamination coveralls and blue general-purpose coveralls burned.

On June 27, 1997, I established a Type-A Accident Investigation Board to investigate the June 25, 1997 fatal contractor accident which occurred on BPA?s Satsop-Aberdeen #2 and #3 230-kV transmission lines right-of-way.

On April 25, 1997, at approximately 1510 hours, a lineman for Great Southwestern Construction Inc. was fatally electrocuted when he came in direct contact with a deenergized 230-kilovolt (kV) transmission power line conductor which contained an induced voltage.

A key technological issue facing the success of future Concentrating Solar Thermal Power (CSP) plants is creating an economical Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system. Current TES systems use either sensible heat in fluids such as oil, or molten salts, or use thermal stratification in a dual-media consisting of a solid and a heat-transfer fluid. However, utilizing the heat of fusion in inorganic molten salt mixtures in addition to sensible heat , as in a Phase change material (PCM)-based TES, can significantly increase the energy density of storage requiring less salt and smaller containers. A major issue that is preventing the commercial use of PCM-based TES is that it is difficult to discharge the latent heat stored in the PCM melt. This is because when heat is extracted, the melt solidifies onto the heat exchanger surface decreasing the heat transfer. Even a few millimeters of thickness of solid material on heat transfer surface results in a large drop in heat transfer due to the low thermal conductivity of solid PCM. Thus, to maintain the desired heat rate, the heat exchange area must be large which increases cost. This project demonstrated that the heat transfer coefficient can be increase ten-fold by using forced convection by pumping a hyper-eutectic salt mixture over specially coated heat exchanger tubes. However,only 15% of the latent heat is used against a goal of 40% resulting in a projected cost savings of only 17% against a goal of 30%. Based on the failure mode effect analysis and experience with pumping salt at near freezing point significant care must be used during operation which can increase the operating costs. Therefore, we conclude the savings are marginal to justify using this concept for PCM-TES over a two-tank TES. The report documents the specialty coatings, the composition and morphology of hypereutectic salt mixtures and the results from the experiment conducted with the active heat exchanger along with the lessons learnt during experimentation.

CANCER BIOLOGY Infectioustumourcells David Dingli and Martin A. Nowak Cancer cells are generally infectious agents and be transmitted between individuals. The current view of cancer development is that normal cells are transformed into tumour cells by sequential mutations that activate cancer- promoting

The National Cancer Institute, International Cancer Information Center Bldg. 82, Rm 123 Bethesda, MD 20892 The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is part of the Federal Government. NCI coordinates the government's cancer research program. It is the largest of the 17 biomedical research institutes and centers

Recent amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act emphasize efforts toward safeguarding our nation's water supplies against attack and contamination. Specifically, the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 established requirements for each community water system serving more than 3300 people to conduct an assessment of the vulnerability of its system to a terrorist attack or other intentional acts. Integral to evaluating system vulnerability is the threat assessment, which is the process by which the credibility of a threat is quantified. Unfortunately, full probabilistic assessment is generally not feasible, as there is insufficient experience and/or data to quantify the associated probabilities. For this reason, an alternative approach is proposed based on Markov Latent Effects (MLE) modeling, which provides a framework for quantifying imprecise subjective metrics through possibilistic or fuzzy mathematics. Here, an MLE model for water systems is developed and demonstrated to determine threat assessments for different scenarios identified by the assailant, asset, and means. Scenario assailants include terrorists, insiders, and vandals. Assets include a water treatment plant, water storage tank, node, pipeline, well, and a pump station. Means used in attacks include contamination (onsite chemicals, biological and chemical), explosives and vandalism. Results demonstrated highest threats are vandalism events and least likely events are those performed by a terrorist.

Cancer Research Beckman Institute FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY #12;T The medical and scientific worlds have known for many years that in order to truly understand and treat cancer, the fight has and cancerous tumors have to first be visualized at the smallest scales possible, and then treated in the most

We have studied the sensitivity of health impacts and economic costs from hypothetical nuclear reactor accidents, as predicted by the CRAC2 computer code, to undertainties in selected non-meteorological models and parameters. The sources of uncertainty include (1) dose conversion factors for inhalation as affected by uncertainties in the particle size of the carrier aerosol and clearance of radionuclides from the respiratory tract, (2) the weathering half-time for external ground-surface exposure, and (3) transfer coefficients for terrestrial foodchain pathways. Uncertainties in inhalation dose conversion factors affected predicted early injuries by as much as 1 to 2 orders of magnitude in runs with fixed weather sequences, whereas the effects on early fatalities were less than a factor of 2 and on latentcancerfatalities less than 10%. Uncertainties in the weathering half-time for ground-surface exposure affected latentfatalities by a factor of 2 to 3 but economic costs by less than a factor of 2. Uncertainties in the transfer coefficients for terrestrial foodchain pathways affected latentfatalities by less than 15% and had no effect on economic costs. 10 references.

In hot and humid climates, where summers are both warm and humid, the latent cooling can be a significant portion of the total cooling load (as much as 40%). Typically the monitored data only includes whole-building heating and cooling energy use...

Simulated and observed fluxes of sensible and latent heat and CO2 at the WLEF-TV tower using SiB2, Boulder, CO, USA Abstract Three years of meteorological data collected at the WLEF-TV tower were used the WLEF tower, which were not present in the SiB simulation. The model overestimated the magnitude

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ABOUT LUNG CANCER Q: What are the early signs of lung cancer? How would I know I have it? A: Some of the early warning signs of lung cancer are: Â· A cough that doesn't go away what may be causing these symptoms. Q: How is lung cancer diagnosed? A: Your doctor may do one or more

Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Division of Cancer Epidemiology Greenebaum Cancer Center Population Research Program Â­ Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer Associate Professor Tenuretrack Health is expanding research in Cancer Genetic Epidemiology to enrich an already robust campuswide

Introduction Colorectal cancer is a cancer that forms in the tissues of the colon and/ or rectum and more than 95% of colorectal cancers are adenocarcinomas. It is the third most common cancer in incidence and mortality ...

, abbreviated as CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States for both men to lung cancer in cause of cancer deaths. Despite the fact that it is highly preventable, approximately, colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer in women (after breast and lung cancer

Scientists have identified a molecular cause behind the ravages of old age and in doing so have also shown how a natural process for fighting cancer in younger persons can actually promote cancer in older individuals.

Since 2000, DOE has made screening for occupational lung cancer with low-dose helical computed tomography (CT) scans available to workers at high risk for lung cancer. Because former workers undertook essential activities to fulfill the Department's mission, many of them were at risk for lung cancer.

The Environmental Impact Statement for a Geologic Repository for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada analyzes a Proposed Action to construct, operate, monitor, and eventually close a geologic repository for the disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste. As part of the Proposed Action, the EIS analyzes the potential impacts of transporting commercial and DOE spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste to Yucca Mountain from 77 sites across the United States. The analysis includes information on the comparative impacts of transporting these materials by truck and rail and discusses the impacts of building a rail line or using heavy-haul trucks to move rail casks from a mainline railroad in Nevada to the site. This paper provides an overview of the analyses and the potential impacts of these transportation activities. The potential transportation impacts were looked at from two perspectives: transportation of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste by legal-weight truck or by rail on a national scale and impacts specific to Nevada from the transportation of these materials from the State borders to the Yucca Mountain site. In order to address the range of impacts that could result from the most likely modes, legal-weight truck and rail, the EIS employed two analytical scenarios--mostly legal-weight truck and mostly rail. Estimated national transportation impacts were based on 24 years of transportation activities. Approximately 8 fatalities could occur from all causes in the nationwide general population from incident-free transportation activities of the mostly legal-weight truck scenario and about 4 from the mostly rail scenario. The analysis examined the radiological consequences under the maximum foreseeable accident scenario and also overall accident risk. The overall accident risk over the 24 year period would be about 0.0002 latentcancerfatality for the mostly legal-weight truck scenario and about 0.0005 latentcancerfatality for the mostly rail scenario. The maximum reasonably foreseeable accident scenario resulted in 0.55 latentcancerfatality for the legal-weight truck case and 5 latentcancerfatalities in the case of mostly rail. The EIS also analyzed the impacts associated with the transportation of spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste in the State of Nevada. This included: constructing a branch rail line and using it to ship waste to the repository; upgrading highways in Nevada for use by heavy-haul trucks; constructing and operating an intermodal transfer station; and transporting personnel and materials to support construction and operation of the repository.

diseases. They grow at different rates and respond to different treatments. That is why people with cancer need treatment that is aimed at their kind of cancer. Therefore, it is important to identify the type of cancer accurately, so that the correct treatment can be started. Breast cancer is a cancer that starts

This document presents a revised methodology for EPA`s estimation of cancer risks due to low-LET radiation exposures in light of information that has become available since the publication of BIER III, especially new information on the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. For most cancer sites, the risk model is one in which the age-specific relative risk coefficients are obtained by taking the geometric mean of coefficients derived from the atomic bomb survivor data employing two different methods for transporting risks from Japan to the U.S. (multiplicative and NIH projection methods). Using 1980 U.S. vital statistics, the risk models are applied to estimate organ-specific risks, per unit dose, for a stationary population.

Argonne nanoscientist Elena Rozhkova is studying ways to enlist nanoparticles to treat brain cancer. This nano-bio technology may eventually provide an alternative form of therapy that targets only cancer cells and does not affect normal living tissue. Read more at http://1.usa.gov/JAXh7Q.

Argonne nanoscientist Elena Rozhkova is studying ways to enlist nanoparticles to treat brain cancer. This nano-bio technology may eventually provide an alternative form of therapy that targets only cancer cells and does not affect normal living tissue. Read more at http://1.usa.gov/JAXh7Q.

Cancer Mortality and Wood Dust Exposure Among Participants in the American Cancer Society Cancer and Paolo Boffetta, MD, MPH3 In 1994, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified wood dust as a human carcinogen, based on very strong evidence of a carcinogenic risk of sino-nasal cancer

Skin cancer is the most com- mon form of cancer in the United States. Excessive and unprotected exposure to the sun's ultraviolet radiation (UV light) is the primary risk factor for skin cancer. Howev- er, skin cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer! The damaging and cumulative effects

Home About Contact Details Facebook Search Journeying Beyond Breast Cancer making sense of the cancer experience Feeds: Posts Comments Cancer-fighting fountain pen May 20, 2009 by JBBC A research team be used both as a research tool in the development of next-generation cancer treatments

Making a difference... A National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Accredited Trials Unit Contacts Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit School of Cancer Sciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston. Funding The CRCTU receives core funding from Cancer Research UK and has successfully obtained project

CANCER RISKS AM I AT RISK? It is often hard to explain why one person develops cancer and another does not. There are risk factors that could increase a person's likelihood of developing cancer, however, some people may have many of these risk factors and never get cancer. When thinking about your

What Lung Cancer Patients Need to Know About Bone Health A Publication of The Bone and Cancer Foundation #12;Contents THIS PUBLICATION PROVIDES IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LUNG CANCER AND BONE HEALTH. HOW BONE WORKS (PAGE 2). WHAT LUNG CANCER CAN DO TO BONE (PAGE 2). TREATING BONE

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a ...

Brookhaven National Laboratory has performed a series of probabilistic consequence assessment calculations for nuclear reactor siting. This study takes into account recent insights into severe accident source terms and examines consequences in a risk based format consistent with the quantitative health objectives (QHOs) of the NRC`s Safety Goal Policy. Simplified severe accident source terms developed in this study are based on the risk insights of NUREG-1150. The results of the study indicate that both the quantity of radioactivity released in a severe accident as well as the likelihood of a release are lower than those predicted in earlier studies. The accident risks using the simplified source terms are examined at a series of generic plant sites, that vary in population distribution, meteorological conditions, and exclusion area boundary distances. Sensitivity calculations are performed to evaluate the effects of emergency protective action assumptions on the risk of prompt fatality and latentcancersfatality, and population relocation. The study finds that based on the new source terms the prompt and latentfatality risks at all generic sites meet the QHOs of the NRC`s Safety Goal Policy by margins ranging from one to more than three orders of magnitude. 4 refs., 17 figs., 24 tabs.

RADTRAN3 is a flexible analytical tool for calculating both the incident-free and accident impacts of transporting radioactive materials. The consequences from incident-free shipments are apportioned among eight population subgroups and can be calculated for several transport modes. The radiological accident risk (probability times consequence summed over all postulated accidents) is calculated in terms of early fatalities, early morbidities, latentcancerfatalities, genetic effects, and economic impacts. Groundshine, ingestion, inhalation, direct exposure, resuspension, and cloudshine dose pathways are modeled to calculate the radiological health risks from accidents. Economic impacts are evaluated based on costs for emergency response, cleanup, evacuation, income loss, and land use. RADTRAN3 can be applied to specific scenario evaluations (individual transport modes or specified combinations), to compare alternative modes or to evaluate generic radioactive material shipments. Unit-risk factors can easily be evaluated to aid in performing generic analyses when several options must be compared with the amount of travel as the only variable.

RADTRAN3 is a flexible analytical tool for calculating both the incident-free and accident impacts of transporting radioactive materials. The consequences from incident-free shipments are apportioned among eight population subgroups and can be calculated for several transport modes. The radiological accident risk (probability times consequence summed over all postulated accidents) is calculated in terms of early fatalities, early morbidities, latentcancerfatalities, genetic effects, and economic impacts. Groundshine, ingestion, inhalation, direct exposure, resuspension, and cloudshine dose pathways are modeled to calculate the radiological health risks from accidents. Economic impacts are evaluated based on costs for emergency response, cleanup, evacuation, income loss, and land use. RADTRAN3 can be applied to specific scenario evaluations (individual transport modes or specified combinations), to compare alternative modes or to evaluate generic radioactive material shipments. Unit-risk factors can easily be evaluated to aid in performing generic analyses when several options must be compared with the amount of travel as the only variable.

Gastric cancer is the 2nd leading cause of cancer death worldwide and the 4th most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection is the major risk factor of gastric cancer, and as such, this bacterium ...

NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE The National Cancer Institute is accepting applications for its Fall 2011 by March 1st. Apply online! See website for further details. http://hcip.nci.nih.gov The National Cancer (NIH), is the Federal Government's principal agency for cancer research and training. The NCI

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among American women. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) comprise a huge family protein with almost 800 members. GPCRs sense molecules or other stimuli outside the cell, and activate intracellular...

This volume contains the abstracts of oral presentations and poster sessions presented at the Cold Springs Harbor Meeting on Cancer Cells, this meeting entitled Genetics and Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer.

Due to genome instability, most cancers exhibit loss of regions containing tumor suppressor genes and collateral loss of other genes. To identify cancer-specific vulnerabilities that are the result of copy number losses, ...

Purpose: To evaluate effects of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption on the risk of second primary salivary gland cancer (SGC) in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS). Methods and Materials: Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and excess absolute risks (EAR) of SGC in the CCSS were calculated using incidence rates from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population-based cancer registries. Radiation dose to the salivary glands was estimated based on medical records. Poisson regression was used to assess risks with respect to radiation dose, chemotherapy, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Results: During the time period of the study, 23 cases of SGC were diagnosed among 14,135 childhood cancer survivors. The mean age at diagnosis of the first primary cancer was 8.3 years, and the mean age at SGC diagnosis was 24.8 years. The incidence of SGC was 39-fold higher in the cohort than in the general population (SIR = 39.4; 95% CI = 25.4-57.8). The EAR was 9.8 per 100,000 person-years. Risk increased linearly with radiation dose (excess relative risk = 0.36/Gy; 95% CI = 0.06-2.5) and remained elevated after 20 years. There was no significant trend of increasing risk with increasing dose of chemotherapeutic agents, pack-years of cigarette smoking, or alcohol intake. Conclusion: Although the cumulative incidence of SGC was low, childhood cancer survivors treated with radiation experienced significantly increased risk for at least 2 decades after exposure, and risk was positively associated with radiation dose. Results underscore the importance of long-term follow up of childhood cancer survivors for the development of new malignancies.

goal of this research is the development of personalized treatments in cancer, based on the genomic and treatment. A major challenge in contemporary cancer diagnosis and treatment is the development Systems Modeling for Prognostic Cancer Biology Xuefei Wang1 , BaiLian Li2 , Cheryl L. Willman

Breast Cancer Research Finding Answers. Finding Cures. Thanks to improvements in treatment and early detection, more and more women are surviving breast cancer. In fact, the five-year survival rate for women with breast cancer today is 90%, up from only 63% in the 1960s. While progress has clearly been

-01/5/11-1 Cancer Epidemiology Population Health Sciences 750 3 credits When: Spring 2011 (1 Audience: This course is intended for students in health-related disciplines interested in cancer etiology. the unequal burden of cancer among populations and variations across time and geography, 2. the distinctive

Eligibility: Â· Cancer Survivor ages 35-75 Â· Patient has completed treatment within last two years for non-metastic solid tumor Â· Patient's cancer is currently considered stable or in remission Â· At least. Please contact Missy Buchanan 415-353-7019 for more information. Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer

Receptor-targeted radiopharmaceuticals constitute potential agents for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of diagnosed cancer in women in the United States, and it accounts for the second highest number of cases of cancerfatalities (1). In Approximately two-thirds of the breast tumors, estrogen and progesterone steroid hormone receptors can be found. Such tumors can often be treated successfully with anti-estrogen hormone therapy (2). Hence, the ability to determine the estrogen receptor (ER) contend of the breast tumor is essential for making the most appropriate choice of treatment for the patient. Along with this diagnostic aspect, steroid-based radiopharmaceuticals with high specific activity offer an encouraging prospect for therapeutic applications: {sup 186,188}Re labeled steroids binding to receptors expressed by cancer cells appear to be potential agents for the irradiation of small to medium-sized tumors. {sup 186}Re has been regarded as an ideal radionuclide for radiotherapy due to its appropriate half-live of 90 h and {beta}-energy of 1.07 MeV. Moreover, the {gamma}-emission of 137 keV that allows in vivo imaging while in therapy is an additional bonus. {sup 188}Re is obtained from a {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re radionuclide generator system, representing an advantage for availability at radiopharmacy laboratory by daily elution. In addition, {sup 188}Re emits high energy beta particles with an average energy of 769 keV, and the emission of the 155 keV allows simultaneous imaging for biodistribution evaluation in vivo. In order to avoid competitive saturation of the binding sites of the ligand receptor, Re labeled steroids with high specific activity are required, and the removal of all excess unlabeled ligands is mandatory. {sup 188}Re is eluted from a {sup 188}W/{sup 188}Re generator produced and provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (3). This paper outlines the solid phase-supported preparation of an n.c.a. [{sup 188}Re]Re-imido estradiol compound. The characteristic feature of the presented route is the simultaneous formation of the steroid-radioisotope linkage and release of the labeled steroid product into solution (4,5). The unlabeled ligand can then be separated by simple filtration.

creating an image. Â· A newer process, called full field digital mammography uses digital receptors. #12Digital Tomosynthesis: Advanced Breast Cancer Imaging Technique Max Wiedmann #12;Digital Bremsstrahlung, a process in which electrons are accelerated against an anode, causing photons to be fired off

in the development of endo- crine therapies targeting estrogen production or ER for both breast cancer treatment targeting of AR, Wnt or HER2 signaling impairs androgen-stimulated tumor cell growth suggesting potential. Therapies targeting HER2 such as trastuzumab are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of HER2

Cancer markers may be developed to detect diseases characterized by increased expression of apoptosis-suppressing genes, such as aggressive cancers. Genes in the human chromosomal regions, 8q24, 11q13, 20q11-q13, were found to be amplified indicating in vivo drug resistance in diseases such as ovarian cancer. Diagnosis and assessment of amplification levels certain genes shown to be amplified, including PVT1, can be useful in prediction of poor outcome of patient's response and drug resistance in ovarian cancer patients with low survival rates. Certain genes were found to be high priority therapeutic targets by the identification of recurrent aberrations involving genome sequence, copy number and/or gene expression are associated with reduced survival duration in certain diseases and cancers, specifically ovarian cancer. Therapeutics to inhibit amplification and inhibitors of one of these genes, PVT1, target drug resistance in ovarian cancer patients with low survival rates is described.

PrincetonUniversity In-Vitro Studies of Cancer Cell Death Due to Hyperthermia C. Barkey1, RUniversity Cancer: Facts and Figures World Wide 10.1 million newly diagnoses/year with ~10% increase 6.2 million deaths are attributed to cancer and its complication each year American Cancer Society 2007 and Le Cancer

cancer accounts for about 30% of all cancers and 15% of all cancer deaths in women in the United States in the United States. Women living in North America have the highest rate of breast cancer in the world [1]. In spite of the increase in the incidence of the disease, the death rates of breast cancer continue

August 4, 2009 Berkeley Lab lecture: Results from the Human Genome Project are enabling scientists to understand how individual cancers form and progress. This information, when combined with newly developed drugs, can optimize the treatment of individual cancers. Joe Gray, director of Berkeley Labs Life Sciences Division and Associate Laboratory Director for Life and Environmental Sciences, will focus on this approach, its promise, and its current roadblocks ? particularly with regard to breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most widespread types of cancer in the world. The key factor in treatment is to reliably diagnose the cancer in the early stages. Moreover, currently used clinical diagnostic methods, such as ...

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. However, the full range of prostate cancer genomic alterations is incompletely characterized. Here we present the complete sequence ...

by developing advanced quantitative techniques, and applying them to cancer data analysis, outcome and treatment individual treatment response, and low success rates of medical trials. To extend and save lives of cancer of good or poor cancer outcomes, of response to specific treatments, or of metastasis sites. Unfortunately

or processed meat is associated with increased risk of colon cancer. In contrast, consumption of white meat supplied by 1) lard and casein, 2) olive oil and casein, 3) beef, 4) chicken with skin, and 5) bacon. Meat, France. Introduction Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer

Prostate cancer remains the most common cancer in men in the United States, with an estimated of death from cancer in men, with 33,720 estimated deaths (11% of all estimated deaths) in 2011 (REF. 1-year relative survival rate is essentially 100% based on 2001­2007 statistics2 . However, for patients

; #12; A key commitment of the Cancer Reform Strategy (Department of Health, 2007) in UK, and endorsed Floor Portland House, Bressenden Place, London SW1E 5RS, UK; 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, University in Improving Outcomes Strategy for Cancer (Department of Health, 2011), was to establish a National Cancer

J. Clairambault Theorems to treat cancer? Can theorems help treat cancer? Jean Clairambault 1 INRIA who treat patients with can- cer? Can mathematics have an impact on cancer biology? Is mathematics more than just a tool in the hands of [a few open-minded] physicians willing to understand and treat

's cancer. In addition to cancer treatment, supportive services--including social services, psychological of the triple negative breast cancer. The Stanford Gynecologic Oncology Program offers treatments and clinical Group (COGi), a national cooperative research group for innovative treatments in ovarian cancer

An analysis of the radiological and nonradiological impacts of highway transportation of N-Reactor irradiated fuel (N-fuel) and associated materials is described in this report. N-fuel is proposed to be transported from its present locations in the 105-KE and 105-KW Basins, and possibly the PUREX Facility, to the 327 Building for characterization and testing. Each of these facilities is located on the Hanford Site, which is near Richland, Washington. The projected annual shipping quantity is 500 kgU/yr for 5 years for a total of 2500 kgU. It was assumed the irradiated fuel would be returned to the K- Basins following characterization, so the total amount of fuel shipped was assumed to be 5000 kgU. The shipping campaign may also include the transport and characterization of liquids, gases, and sludges from the storage basins, including fuel assembly and/or canister parts that may also be present in the basins. The impacts of transporting these other materials are bounded by the impacts of transporting 5000 kgU of N-fuel. This report was prepared to support an environmental assessment of the N-fuel characterization program. The RADTRAN 4 and GENII computer codes were used to evaluate the radiological impacts of the proposed shipping campaign. RADTRAN 4 was used to calculate the routine exposures and accident risks to workers and the general public from the N-fuel shipments. The GENII computer code was used to calculate the consequences of the maximum credible accident. The results indicate that the transportation of N-fuel in support of the characterization program should not cause excess radiological-induced latentcancerfatalities or traffic-related nonradiological accident fatalities. The consequences of the maximum credible accident are projected to be small and result in no excess latentcancerfatalities.

Drug-drug similarity networks for anti-cancer drug discovery ­ Case studies on Breast Cancer the decades, the medical industry has been challenged with the issue of producing drugs that would avoid sidetracking to other targets (off-targets) and keep away from harmful side effects (drug adverse reactions

Metastasis is a multistep process during which tumor cells separate from a primary tumor, penetrate the bloodstream, evade host defenses, and colonize distant organs. This final and fatal step in tumor development is the ...

Diet has been associated with differences in cancer rates in human populations for many years. Mark Knize presents the latest research on cancer causes including work performed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory investigating some interesting chemical products created when meat is cooked and how to reduce them. Series: Science on Saturday [10/2006] [Health and Medicine] [Science] [Show ID: 11542

alterations of normal host cells. Accordingly, the aim of most traditional cancer therapies has been to destroy the transformed cells themselves. There is now widespread appreciation that the progressive growth and metastatic spread of cancer cells requires the cooperation of normal host cells (endothelial cells

A method for reversing expression of malignant phenotype in cancer cells is described. The method comprises applying {beta}{sub 1} integrin function-blocking antibody to the cells. The method can be used to assess the progress of cancer therapy. Human breast epithelial cells were shown to be particularly responsive. 14 figs.

A method for reversing expression of malignant phenotype in cancer cells is described. The method comprises applying .beta..sub.1 integrin function-blocking antibody to the cells. The method can be used to assess the progress of cancer therapy. Human breast epithelial cells were shown to be particularly responsive.

Since they were adopted in 1986, the US NRC’s Safety Goals have played a valuable role as a de facto risk acceptance criterion against which the predicted performance of a commercial nuclear power reactor can be evaluated and assessed. The current safety goals are cast in terms of risk metrics called quantitative health objectives (QHOs), limiting numerical values of the risks of the early and latent health effects of accidental releases of radioactivity to the offsite population. However, while demonstrating compliance with current safety goals has been an important step in assessing the acceptance of the risk posed by LWRs, new or somewhat different goals may be needed that go beyond the current early fatality and latentcancerfatality QHOs in assessing reactor risk. Natural phenomena such as hurricanes seem to be suitable candidates for establishing a background rate to derive a risk goal as their order of magnitude cost of damages is similar to those estimated in severe accident Level 3 PRAs done for nuclear power plants. This paper obtains a risk goal that could have a wider applicability, compared to the current QHOs, as a technology-neutral goal applicable to future reactors and multi-unit sites.

We investigate the familial risks of cancers of the breast and ovary, using data pooled from three population-based case-control studies of ovarian cancer that were conducted in the United States. We base estimates of the frequency of mutations of BRCA1 (and possibly other genes) on the reported occurrence of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in the mothers and sisters of 922 women with incident ovarian cancer (cases) and in 922 women with no history of ovarian cancer (controls). Segregation analysis and goodness-of-fit testing of genetic models suggest that rare mutations (frequency .0014; 95% confidence interval .0002-.011) account for all the observed aggregation of breast cancer and ovarian cancer in these families. The estimated risk of breast cancer by age 80 years is 73.5% in mutation carriers and 6.8% in noncarriers. The corresponding estimates for ovarian cancer are 27.8% in carriers and 1.8% in noncarriers. For cancer risk in carriers, these estimates are lower than those obtained from families selected for high cancer prevalence. The estimated proportion of all U.S. cancer diagnoses, by age 80 years, that are due to germ-line BRCA1 mutations is 3.0% for breast cancer and 4.4% for ovarian cancer. Aggregation of breast cancer and ovarian cancer was less evident in the families of 169 cases with borderline ovarian cancers than in the families of cases with invasive cancers. Familial aggregation did not differ by the ethnicity of the probands, although the number of non-White and Hispanic cases (N = 99) was sparse. 14 refs., 3 figs., 6 tabs.

treatments and biomarkers for cancer. The CRCTU also collaborate with a large number of academic scientificContacts @CRCTUCRCTU Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit School of Cancer Sciences University://www.birmingham.ac.uk/crctu Making a difference... A National Cancer Research Institute Accredited Trials Unit Linked Groups

scientists in the development of new treatments and biomarkers for cancer. The CRCTU also collaborateContacts @CRCTUCRCTU Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit School of Cancer Sciences University... A National Cancer Research Institute Accredited Trials Unit Linked Groups @CRCTUCRCTU Birmingham

Cancer is a genetic disease1 . Although environmental and other non-genetic factors have roles in many stages of tumorigenesis,it is widely accepted that cancer arises because of mutations in cancer,however,does not suffice to give rise to full-blown cancer.For progression towards malignancyandinvasion

Fighting lung cancer Living smoke-free 6 One man's mission85 #12;Cure is the newsletter for the University of Florida Shands Cancer Center, home to cancer care and research for the Southeast's most? For more information about care and services offered at the UF Shands Cancer Center, call 352

"Skin Cancer- What to Look For" Rochester Recreation Club for the Deaf May 20, 2010 #12;Supporters for the Deaf ("REAP") #12;Overview Skin Overview What is skin cancer? Who is at risk? How common is skin cancer? Signs of skin cancer Prevention Treatments #12;Skin Overview Skin is the largest organ in your body

Cancer Cells DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100115 Micromachine-Enabled Capture and Isolation of Cancer Cells (CTCs) are the primary entities responsible for spawning cancer metastasis. Detection of CTCs provides an indicator for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of various types of cancers. Several approaches, based

SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENT CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARD IN MELANOMA & SKIN CANCER Sponsored by: The Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Melanoma & Skin Cancer University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Purpose The overall goals of the Melanoma & Skin Cancer SPORE are to improve the detection

FUNDING ANNOUNCEMENT CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARD IN MELANOMA & SKIN CANCER Sponsored by: The Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) in Melanoma & Skin Cancer University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI) Purpose The overall goals of the Melanoma & Skin Cancer SPORE are to improve the detection

care and research for the Southeast's most comprehensive academic health center. In each issue, weIN A CUREUF HEALTH CANCER CENTER NEWS Believe SPRING 2014 PAGE6 #12;www.cancer.ufl.eduBelieve in a Cure//Spring 20142 Believe in a Cure is the newsletter for the UF Health Cancer Center, home to cancer

AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY PATIENT HEALTH SERIES Lung Cancer Prevention What are the chances that I will develop lung cancer? The #1 cause of lung cancer is exposure to tobacco smoke. Your chances increase others (second-hand smoke), the greater your chances of developing lung cancer. People who have never

following initial cancer treatment There are around two million people in the UK living with or beyond cancer and this number is rising by more than 3% per year. Treatments for cancer such as chemotherapy manage most problems associated with cancer and its treatment on their own as part of their daily lives

Abstract. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Transformation of a normal regulators of growth. Biomarkers associated with cancer were examined in human breast epithelial cells transformed by high-LET radiation in the presence of 17Ă?-estradiol. An established cancer model was used

doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.02.044 EDITORIAL INDUCED SECOND CANCERS AFTER PROSTATE-CANCER University Medical Center, New York, NY The absolute risks of a radiation-induced second cancer among long concern, expressed by Kendal et al. (5) in this issue, that prostate cancer patients may be unduly

Nanoparticles (NPs) are used in many products of our daily life, however, there has been concern that they may also be harmful to human health. Recently NPs have been found to accelerate the fibrillation kinetics of amyloid systems. In the past this has been preliminarily attributed to a nucleation effect. Nanoparticle surfaces and interfaces appear to limit the degrees of freedom of amyloid systems (i.e., peptides and proteins) due to a phase space constraint such that rapid cross-beta structures are formed faster than without interface interactions and in turn fibril formation is enhanced significantly. Here we explore if lipid bilayers in the form of liposomes (140nm) also accelerate fibril formation for amyloid systems. We have investigated a fragment NNFGAIL of the Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in contact with 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPhPC) liposomes in aqueous solution. We found that the lipid bilayer vesicles do accelerate fibril formation in time-resolved off-line detected atomic force microscopy experiments. Characteristic Thioflavine-T fluorescence on the same structures verify that the structures consist of aggregated peptides in a typical cross-?-structure arrangement.

Cancer is responsible for over 7.6 million deaths worldwide; the majority of patients fail to respond to drugs or become resistant over time. In order to gain a better understanding of drug efficacy in patients, we developed ...

A new molecular imaging modality has been developed to detect and locate positive axillary and sentinel lymph nodes non-invasively in breast cancer patients undergoing lymphoscintigraphy. The modality is based on fluorescent photon detection...

Cancer is a leading cause of death in the world. Much work has been done to study the role of inflammation in carcinogenesis. One hypothesis suggests that inflammation causes oxidative stress that induces damage to cellular ...

One group of chemotherapeutics that are used successfully to treat breast cancer, alone or in combination with other agents, are the taxanes; paclitaxel and docetaxel. They act by interfering with the spindle microtubule ...

This thesis describes the biochemical regulatory impact of endothelial cells, the cells that line all blood vessels, in cancer. Our work draws from concepts in vascular repair and tissue engineering and extends the view ...

Despite the spectacular achievements of molecular biology in the second half of the twentieth century and the crucial advances it permitted in cancer research, the fight against cancer has brought some disillusions. It is nowadays more and more apparent that getting a global picture of the very diverse and interlinked aspects of cancer development necessitates, in synergy with these achievements, other perspectives and investigating tools. In this undertaking, multidisciplinary approaches that include quantitative sciences in general and physics in particular play a crucial role. This `focus on' collection contains 19 articles representative of the diversity and state-of-the-art of the contributions that physics can bring to the field of cancer research.

Cancer cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the demands of growth and proliferation. Although many of the metabolic alterations are largely similar to those in normal proliferating cells, they are aberrantly ...

Nitric oxide is postulated to protect cancer cells from the death-inducing effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha by S-nitrosating the active site cysteines, inhibiting cleavage of caspase-9. We aimed to test this hypothesis ...

Cancer is a complex disease of the genome exhibiting myriad somatic mutations, from single nucleotide changes to various chromosomal rearrangements. The technological advances of next-generation sequencing enable high-throughput ...

Breast cancer is predominantly a disease of the genome with cancers arising and progressing through accumulation of aberrations that alter the genome - by changing DNA sequence, copy number, and structure in ways that that contribute to diverse aspects of cancer pathophysiology. Classic examples of genomic events that contribute to breast cancer pathophysiology include inherited mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, and CHK2 that contribute to the initiation of breast cancer, amplification of ERBB2 (formerly HER2) and mutations of elements of the PI3-kinase pathway that activate aspects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and deletion of CDKN2A/B that contributes to cell cycle deregulation and genome instability. It is now apparent that accumulation of these aberrations is a time-dependent process that accelerates with age. Although American women living to an age of 85 have a 1 in 8 chance of developing breast cancer, the incidence of cancer in women younger than 30 years is uncommon. This is consistent with a multistep cancer progression model whereby mutation and selection drive the tumor's development, analogous to traditional Darwinian evolution. In the case of cancer, the driving events are changes in sequence, copy number, and structure of DNA and alterations in chromatin structure or other epigenetic marks. Our understanding of the genetic, genomic, and epigenomic events that influence the development and progression of breast cancer is increasing at a remarkable rate through application of powerful analysis tools that enable genome-wide analysis of DNA sequence and structure, copy number, allelic loss, and epigenomic modification. Application of these techniques to elucidation of the nature and timing of these events is enriching our understanding of mechanisms that increase breast cancer susceptibility, enable tumor initiation and progression to metastatic disease, and determine therapeutic response or resistance. These studies also reveal the molecular differences between cancer and normal that may be exploited to therapeutic benefit or that provide targets for molecular assays that may enable early cancer detection, and predict individual disease progression or response to treatment. This chapter reviews current and future directions in genome analysis and summarizes studies that provide insights into breast cancer pathophysiology or that suggest strategies to improve breast cancer management.

Purpose: To assess the dose–response relationship for stomach cancer after radiation therapy for cervical cancer. Methods and Materials: We conducted a nested, matched case–control study of 201 cases and 378 controls among 53,547 5-year survivors of cervical cancer diagnosed from 1943 to 1995, from 5 international, population-based cancer registries. We estimated individual radiation doses to the site of the stomach cancer for all cases and to corresponding sites for the matched controls (overall mean stomach tumor dose, 2.56 Gy, range 0.03-46.1 and after parallel opposed pelvic fields, 1.63 Gy, range 0.12-6.3). Results: More than 90% of women received radiation therapy, mostly with external beam therapy in combination with brachytherapy. Stomach cancer risk was nonsignificantly increased (odds ratio 1.27-2.28) for women receiving between 0.5 and 4.9 Gy to the stomach cancer site and significantly increased at doses ?5 Gy (odds ratio 4.20, 95% confidence interval 1.41-13.4, P{sub trend}=.047) compared with nonirradiated women. A highly significant radiation dose–response relationship was evident when analyses were restricted to the 131 cases (251 controls) whose stomach cancer was located in the middle and lower portions of the stomach (P{sub trend}=.003), whereas there was no indication of increasing risk with increasing dose for 30 cases (57 controls) whose cancer was located in the upper stomach (P{sub trend}=.23). Conclusions: Our findings show for the first time a significant linear dose–response relationship for risk of stomach cancer in long-term survivors of cervical cancer.

;About the Jimmy Fund The Jimmy Fund raises vital funds to support adult and pediatric cancer care and research at Dana-Farber exclusively. Since 1948, the generosity of millions of people has helped the Jimmy Fund save countless lives and reduce the burden of cancer. The Jimmy Fund has: Â· raised more than $948

Purpose: To date, no biomarkers have been found to predict, before treatment, which patients will develop radiation pneumonitis (RP), a potentially fatal toxicity, after chemoradiation for lung cancer. We investigated potential associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HSPB1 and risk of RP after chemoradiation for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods and Materials: Subjects were patients with NSCLC treated with chemoradiation at 1 institution. The training data set comprised 146 patients treated from 1999 to July 2004; the validation data set was 125 patients treated from August 2004 to March 2010. We genotyped 2 functional SNPs of HSPB1 (rs2868370 and rs2868371) from all patients. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to assess the risk of grade ?2 or ?3 RP in both data sets and a parametric log-logistic survival model to evaluate the association of HSPB1 genotypes with that risk. Results: Grade ?3 RP was experienced by 13% of those with CG/GG and 29% of those with CC genotype of HSPB1 rs2868371 in the training data set (P=.028); corresponding rates in the validation data set were 2% CG/GG and 14% CC (P=.02). Univariate and multivariate analysis confirmed the association of CC of HSPB1 rs2868371 with higher risk of grade ?3 RP than CG/GG after adjustment for sex, age, performance status, and lung mean dose. This association was validated both in the validation data set and with Harrell's C statistic. Conclusions: The CC genotype of HSPB1 rs2868371 was associated with severe RP after chemoradiation for NSCLC.

Summary.-The relationship of testicular seminoma with several factors was explored using a case-control study. Previously recognized associations with cryptorchidism and infantile inguinal hernia were confirmed and relationships were also found with cycling and horse-riding. These findings represent the first relationships of testicular cancer with well-defined postnatal risk factors. TESTICULAR CANCER is now the most common neoplasm in men aged 25-34 in England and Wales (Davies, 1981) and follows only non-melanoma skin cancer in Canada (Statistics Canada, 1980). Mortality in young men has been rising during this century in a number of countries (Davies, 1981; Grumet & MacMahon, 1958). Similar increases in incidence have been reported by several cancer registries for the age range 15-30 (Muir & Nectoux, 1978; Schottenfeld et al., 1980; Clemmesen, 1969; Petersen & Lee, 1972). Current estimates of incidence in British Columbia indicate that approximately 1 in 400 males will develop testicular cancer (Cancer Registry, 1975). The majority of studies of the epidemiology of testicular tumours have used routinely collected data to analyse the effects of factors such as social class, marital status, geography, racial group and religious preference. Case-control studies have analysed factors such as cryptorchidism and other prenatal conditions. Where it was examined, these studies have shown that, while differences exist in the age-specific incidence, treatment and prognosis of seminoma compared to other types of testicular cancer, the relationship to known risk factors is similar (Morrison, 1976b; Graham et al., 1977). The present report examines a number of characteristics of childhood and adolescence in a case-control study of all patients treated for seminoma of the testis at a regional treatment centre in the period 1970-77.

The role of uPAR signaling in lung cancer Background and significance Lung cancer is the leading of lung cancer ­ non-small-cell-lung cancer (about 85% of all lung cancer cases) and small- cell-lung cancer (about 15%) (Herbst et al., 2008). Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is rapidly growing and often

Recent progress in atmospheric plasmas has led to the creation of cold plasmas with ion temperature close to room temperature. This paper outlines recent progress in understanding of cold plasma physics as well as application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in cancer therapy. Varieties of novel plasma diagnostic techniques were developed recently in a quest to understand physics of CAP. It was established that the streamer head charge is about 10{sup 8} electrons, the electrical field in the head vicinity is about 10{sup 7} V/m, and the electron density of the streamer column is about 10{sup 19} m{sup ?3}. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies of CAP action on cancer were performed. It was shown that the cold plasma application selectively eradicates cancer cells in-vitro without damaging normal cells and significantly reduces tumor size in-vivo. Studies indicate that the mechanism of action of cold plasma on cancer cells is related to generation of reactive oxygen species with possible induction of the apoptosis pathway. It is also shown that the cancer cells are more susceptible to the effects of CAP because a greater percentage of cells are in the S phase of the cell cycle.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma is a common type of lung cancer, causing approximately 400,000 deaths per year worldwide. Genomic alterations in squamous cell lung cancers have not been comprehensively characterized, and no ...

Many solid cancers are known to exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity in their deregulation of different oncogenic pathways. We sought to identify major oncogenic pathways in gastric cancer (GC) with significant relationships ...

Cancer metastases arise from the cancer cells that disseminate from the primary tumor, intravasate into the vascular system and eventually transmigrate across the endothelium into to a secondary site through a process of ...

Statistical analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism microarrays in cancer studies Pierre Neuvial Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) arrays. We define the copy number states formally, and show how Nucleotide Polymorphism microarrays in cancer studies

As information on indoor air quality accumulated * it became apparent that radon and its progeny are invariably present in indoor environments and that concentrations may reach unacceptably high levels. The lung cancer excess anong miners exposed to radon progeny raised concern that exposure to radon progeny might also cause lung cancer in the general population. This presentation first provides an ovemiew of radon daughter carcinogenesis, and then reviews the recent BEIR IV report. The report described a statistical model * based on analysis of data from four studies of miners, for estimating the lung cancer risk associated with exposure to radon progeny. Tbe analyses showed that the risk of radon exposure declines with time since exposure and with increasing age. The BEIR IV committee concluded that radon progeny and cigarette smoking interact in a multiplicative fashion and that exposure-dose relationships are similar for exposure in homes and in mines.

Targeted therapies hold out the promise of a new era in cancer treatment, but will we fear cancer-marrow sample taken, but she knows about leukemia. It's cancer of the blood. She's terrified, and she may not just a cancer ward but a cancer world. The ward is what the sociologist Erving Goffman once called

A comprehensive understanding of the molecular vulnerabilities of every type of cancer will provide a powerful roadmap to guide therapeutic approaches. Efforts such as The Cancer Genome Atlas Project will identify genes ...

of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is an important approach in cancer treatment. However, the complexity-based approach for the discovery of novel potential cancer treatments using a high fidelity simulation in cancer treatment [2]. This paper introduces a computational approach to search for novel intervention

COMPUTER SUPPORT FOR PROTOCOL-BASED TREATMENT OF CANCER1 PETER HAMMOND2 AND MAREK SERGOT3 July 1994 Cancer treatment is often carried out within protocol-based clinical trials. An oncology clinic may take of many protocols, the life-threatening nature of cancer and the toxicity of treatment side

An Optimal Control Approach to Cancer Treatment under Immunological Activity Urszula Ledzewicz Mathematical models for cancer treatment that include immunological activity are con- sidered as an optimal. For various growth models on the cancer cells the existence and optimality of singular controls

Optimisation of cancer drug treatments using cell population dynamics Fr´ed´erique Billy1 , Jean. The constraints at stake, met everyday in the clinic of cancers, are related mainly to resistance to treatment models used in cancer treatment in the last decades, together with the biological phenomena that can

Professor Award 1 #12;find optimal strategies for chemotherapy treatments of the cancer, where Controlling the Bone Marrow Dynamics in Cancer Chemotherapy Urszula Ledzewicz1 and Heinz Sch In the paper a mathematical model for the growth of the bone marrow under cell-cycle specific cancer

QUANTITATIVE SONOGRAPHIC PROSTATE CANCER CHARACTERIZTION A Thesis Presented by Zhi He are at risk for developing prostate cancer, and as a man ages, his risk of developing prostate cancer acquiring the ultrasound data, the specimen is sectioned for histological analysis at 2 mm intervals

Cancer Phylogenetics from Single-Cell Assays Gregory Pennington Stanley Shackney Russell Schwartz the Carnegie Mellon University Berkman Faculty Development Fund. #12;Keywords: computational biology, cancer, FISH, phylogeny #12;Abstract In the field of cancer biology, there is currently great interest

Genetic Susceptibility and Survival: Application to Breast Cancer Edwin S. IVERSEN, JR., Giovanni are known to confer an elevated risk of both breast and ovarian cancers. The effect of carrying such a mutation on survival after developing breast or ovarian cancer is less well understood. We investigate

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer and it is on the rise. If skin cancer is diagnosed early enough, the survival rate is close to 90%. Oblique-incidence diffuse reflectance (OIR) spectroscopy offers a technology that may be used...

An analysis and hypothesis generation platform for heterogeneous cancer databases. Philip Roy QUINLAN a,1, Alastair THOMPSON a and Chris REED b a Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee b School of Computing, University of Dundee, Dundee Abstract. The field of cancer research

Cancer Pain Management: A Jordanian Perspective Ibraheem Bashayreh(a) , Davina Porock(b) , Nick of the study: was to evaluate the attitudinal barriers to cancer-pain management among cnacer patients five factors . These factors contribute to ineffective cancer pain management among them and include

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells grow uncontrollably, destroy surrounding tissue and eventually spread to other parts of the body, often leading to death. According to the American Cancer Society cancer causes accounts for 13...

Glucose conjugation for the specific targeting and treatment of cancer Emilia C. Calvaresia and Paul J. Hergenrother*ab Cancers of diverse origins exhibit marked glucose avidity and high rates has led to an interest in targeting it for cancer therapy. One promising strategy for such targeting

DISCOVERY OF MUTATED SUBNETWORKS ASSOCIATED WITH CLINICAL DATA IN CANCER FABIO VANDIN, PATRICK CLAY,pclay,eli,braphael}@cs.brown.edu A major goal of cancer sequencing projects is to identify genetic alterations that determine clinical phenotypes, such as survival time or drug response. Somatic mutations in cancer are typically very diverse

RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Survival advantages conferred to colon cancer cells by E Klinck5 , FranĂ§ois A Auger4 and Jacques Huot1* Abstract Background: Extravasation of circulating cancer cells is a key event of metastatic dissemination that is initiated by the adhesion of cancer cells

ORAL CANCER IN NEVADA: A PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE by Karl Kingsley, PhD Doctor of Philosophy the thesis prepared under our supervision by Karl Kingsley, Ph.D. entitled Oral Cancer in Nevada: A Public May 2010 #12;iii ABSTRACT Oral Cancer in Nevada: A Public Health Perspective by Karl Kingsley, Ph

Cancer Cell Article Dissecting the Unique Role of the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor during-cycle control. However, cancer-associated mutations are almost exclusively found in RB, implying that RB has for cancer development; hence, the roles and regulation of RB have been intensively studied (reviewed

every cell type in the body. This course will investigate how genetic and environmental factors lead to transformation of cells, how cancer cells function, the cellular systems designed to protect normal cells from becoming cancerous, and how the immune system protects against cancer. The course will examine the growth

of this network trying to improve the treatment of pancreatic cancer patients. Recent findings: Tarceva has the mechanisms of cell transformation and also to find appropriate targeted anti- cancer treatments. Among human in the therapeutic armamentarium against cancer raised some hopes in the treatment of patients with advanced

's two largest cancer research facilities could result in a scientific powerhouse, enhancing faculty patients.This accounts for an accrual rate of 16.9 percent using the 2010 registry data for total number

Normalization of tumor blood vessels improves drug and oxygen delivery to cancer cells. The aim of this study was to develop a technique to normalize blood vessels in the hamster cheek pouch model of oral cancer. Materials and Methods: Tumor-bearing hamsters were treated with thalidomide and were compared with controls. Results: Twenty eight hours after treatment with thalidomide, the blood vessels of premalignant tissue observable in vivo became narrower and less tortuous than those of controls; Evans Blue Dye extravasation in tumor was significantly reduced (indicating a reduction in aberrant tumor vascular hyperpermeability that compromises blood flow), and tumor blood vessel morphology in histological sections, labeled for Factor VIII, revealed a significant reduction in compressive forces. These findings indicated blood vessel normalization with a window of 48 h. Conclusion: The technique developed herein has rendered the hamster oral cancer model amenable to research, with the potential benefit of vascular normalization in head and neck cancer therapy.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with extreme mortality and morbidity. Although initially chemo- and radio-sensitive, almost inevitable recurrence and resistance occurs. SCLC patients often ...

Major international projects are underway that are aimed at creating a comprehensive catalogue of all the genes responsible for the initiation and progression of cancer. These studies involve the sequencing of matched ...

Activin is a pleiotropic cytokine with broad tissue distributions. Recent studies demonstrate that activin-A inhibits cancer cell proliferation with unknown mechanisms. In this report, we demonstrate that recombinant activin-A induces telomerase inhibition in cancer cells. In breast and cervical cancer cells, activin-A resulted in telomerase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Significant inhibition was observed at 10 ng/ml of activin-A, with a near complete inhibition at 80 ng/ml. Consistently, activin-A induced repression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene, with the hTERT gene to be suppressed by 60-80% within 24 h. In addition, activin-A induced a concomitant increase in Smad3 signaling and decrease of the hTERT gene promoter activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. These data suggest that activin-A triggered telomerase inhibition by down-regulating hTERT gene expression is involved in activin-A-induced inhibition of cancer cell proliferation.

Los Alamos National Laboratory has produced medical isotopes for diagnostic and imaging purposes for more than 30 years. Now LANL researchers have branched out into isotope cancer treatment studies. New results show that an accelerator-based approach can produce clinical trial quantities of actinium-225, an isotope that has promise as a way to kill tumors without damaging surrounding healthy cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and siRNAs have enormous potential as cancer therapeutics, but their effective delivery to most solid tumors has been difficult. Here, we show that a new lung-targeting nanoparticle is capable of delivering ...

] from cancer and cancer treatments. Each year, many people turn to the Internet to satisfy their health offers a way to share experiences about their cancer and cancer treatment, seek solutions to daily livingGet Online Support, Feel Better--Sentiment Analysis and Dynamics in an Online Cancer Survivor

] from cancer and cancer treatments. Each year, many people turn to the Internet to satisfy their health to share experiences about their cancer and cancer treatment, seek solutions to daily living issuesGet Online Support, Feel Better--Sentiment Analysis and Dynamics in an Online Cancer Survivor

this progress. Gifts: · Advance the studies of new cancer treatments · Recruit and keep talented researchersChanging the Face of Cancer through investments in research, education, outreach and care Giving Guide #12;OHSU Knight Cancer Institute We Will End Cancer As We Know It The OHSU Knight Cancer Institute

decisions affect their subsequent sense of uncertainty. A previvor is an individual who is highly predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer due to a genetic mutation called BRCA1/2. Previvors have a 44 to 87 percent risk of developing cancer during...

The present invention is a method for detecting and destroying cancer tumors. The method is based on the concept of associating a linking protein or linking peptide such as, but not limited to, annexin V or other annexins to carbon nanotubes such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to form a protein-CNT complex. Said linking protein or peptide can selectively bind to cancerous cells, especially tumor vasculature endothelial cells, rather than to healthy ones by binding to cancer-specific external receptors such as anionic phospholipids including phosphatidylserine expressed on the outer surfaces of cancer cells only. Irradiation of bound CNTs with one or more specific electromagnetic wavelengths is then used to detect and destroy those cells to which the CNTs are bound via the linking protein or peptide thereby destroying the tumor or cancer cells and preferably an immunostimulant is provided to the patient to enhance the immune response against antigens released from the tumor or cancer cells.

Summer Lecture Series 2009: Results from the Human Genome Project are enabling scientists to understand how individual cancers form and progress. This information, when combined with newly developed drugs, can optimize the treatment of individual cancers. Joe Gray, director of Berkeley Labs Life Sciences Division and Associate Laboratory Director for Life and Environmental Sciences, will focus on this approach, its promise, and its current roadblocks — particularly with regard to breast cancer.

Summer Lecture Series 2009: Results from the Human Genome Project are enabling scientists to understand how individual cancers form and progress. This information, when combined with newly developed drugs, can optimize the treatment of individual cancers. Joe Gray, director of Berkeley Labs Life Sciences Division and Associate Laboratory Director for Life and Environmental Sciences, will focus on this approach, its promise, and its current roadblocks ? particularly with regard to breast cancer.

? · gender differences in cancer treatment rarely explored · consequences of radiation with radiation treatment of cancer cells and the difference between female and male or female-specific treatments that improve the quality of life for all cancer

According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 1,479,000 new cases of cancer were expected to be diagnosed, while 562,340 Americans were expected to die from cancer in 2009 alone. Even though advances in early ...

With an increase in early detection and curative treatment for breast cancer, there is a growing number of breast cancer survivors. Cancer survivors are at greater risk than their age matched peers for long-term health ...

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women with approximately 40,000 patient deaths each year. Theranostics is an emerging area of cancer research in which chemically synthesized molecules are used to simultaneously deliver...

The claimed invention describes methods to diagnose or aid in the diagnosis of cancer. The claimed methods are based on the identification of biomarkers which are particularly well suited to discriminate between cancer subjects and healthy subjects. These biomarkers were identified using a unique and novel screening method described herein. The biomarkers identified herein can also be used in the prognosis and monitoring of cancer. The invention comprises the use of leptin, prolactin, OPN and IGF-II for diagnosing, prognosis and monitoring of ovarian cancer.

Highlights: •PCDH7 is overexpression in high bone metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells. •PCDH7 is up-regulation in bone metastatic breast cancer tissues. •Suppression of PCDH7 inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. •PCDH7 induces breast cancer bone metastasis in vivo. -- Abstract: Breast cancer had a propensity to metastasize to bone, resulting in serious skeletal complications associated with poor outcome. Previous study showed that Protocadherin-7 (PCDH7) play an important role in brain metastatic breast cancer, however, the role of PCDH7 in bone metastatic breast cancer has never been explored. In the present study, we found that PCDH7 expression was up-regulation in bone metastatic breast cancer tissues by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry assays. Furthermore, suppression of PCDH7 inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro by MTT, scratch, and transwell assays. Most importantly, overexpression of PCDH7 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and formation of bone metastasis in vivo. These data provide an important insight into the role of PCDH7 in bone metastasis of breast cancer.

Purpose: Most prostate cancers are slow-growing diseases but normally require much higher doses (80Gy) with conventional fractionation radiotherapy, comparing to other more aggressive cancers. This study is to disclose the radiobiological basis of this discrepancy by proposing the concept of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) and examining their specific irradiation responses. Methods: There are overwhelming evidences that CSC may keep their stemness, e.g. the competency of cell differentiation, in hypoxic microenvironments and hence become radiation resistive, though the probability is tiny for aggressiveness cancers. Tumor hypoxia used to be considered as an independent reason for poor treatment outcomes, and recent evidences showed that even prostate cancers were also hypoxic though they are very slow-growing. In addition, to achieve comparable outcomes to other much more aggressive cancers, much higher doses (rather than lower doses) are always needed for prostate cancers, regardless of its non-aggressiveness. All these abnormal facts can only be possibly interpreted by the irradiation responses characteristics of prostate CSCs. Results: Both normal cancer cells (NCCs) and CSCs exiting in tumors, in which NCCs are mainly for symptoms whereas killing all CSCs achieves disease-free. Since prostate cancers are slow-growing, the hypoxia in prostate cancers cannot possibly from NCCs, thus it is caused by hypoxic CSCs. However, single hypoxic cell cannot be imaged due to limitation of imaging techniques, unless a large group of hypoxic cells exist together, thus most of CSCs in prostate cancers are virtually hypoxic, i.e. not in working mode because CSCs in proliferating mode have to be normoxic, and this explains why prostate cancers are unaggressive. Conclusion: The fractional dose in conventional radiotherapy (?2Gy) could only kill NCCs and CSCs in proliferating modes, whereas most CSCs survived fractional treatments since they were hypoxic, thus to eliminate all CSCs and achieve disease-free, much more fractionations are needed.

to patients from across the country and around the world. #12;About the Jimmy Fund The Jimmy Fund raises vital, the generosity of millions of people has helped the Jimmy Fund save countless lives and reduce the burden of cancer. The Jimmy Fund has: Â·raised more than $875 million since 1948, including $67 million in 2012

New Directions and Approached to Cancer Treatment: Imaging Dr Mike Partridge STFC Workshop, Birmingham, 28th January 2010 Joint Department of Physics The Institute of Cancer Research / The Royal to treatment to determine anatomical targets and organs-at-risk. · A clear next step is to use biological

and histiocytic tissue, multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative neoplasms, and leukemia (ICD codes 200-208). An ecological study was conducted of lymphatic cancer deaths from 1986-1994 for the 194 counties in Texas. Death rates of these cancers were correlated...

and subsequent biopsy of suspicious lesions. Many cancerous lesions are missed and many benign lesions are biopsied using these techniques. This process is painful and expensive. The proposed research is driven by the need for a non-invasive skin cancer...

The Economic Impact of Cancer in West Virginia January 2013 A report prepared for the American Virginia University #12;The Economic Impact of Cancer in West Virginia A Report Prepared for the American West Virginia University 150 Clay St. Morgantown, WV 26501 (304) 293-7831 bebureau@mail.wvu.edu Tami

a novel quantum dot (QD)-aptamer(Apt)-doxorubicin (Dox) conjugate [QD-Apt(Dox)] as a targeted cancer of prostate cancer cells that express the PSMA protein. The intercalation of Dox, a widely used antineoplastic in a targeted QD-Apt(Dox) conjugate with reversible self- quenching properties based on a Bi-FRET mechanism

A method for reversing expression of malignant phenotype in cancer cells is described. The method comprises applying .beta..sub.1 integrin function-blocking antibody to the cells. The method can be used to assess the progress of cancer therapy. Human breast epithelial cells were shown to be particularly responsive.

of these compounds as selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) agonists and as cytotoxic anticancer agents has been investigated in colon, prostate and pancreatic cancer cells. In colon cancer cells ?-CDODA-Me arrested the growth at G2/M...

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug screening. In particular, the present invention provides compositions and methods for targeting the nuclear translocation of IkB kinase-.alpha. (IKK.alpha.) and the IKK.alpha.-mediated suppression of Maspin expression observed in metastatic prostate cancer cells.

An $16.5 million, three-year grant to develop new and more effective therapies to fight breast cancer was awarded today to a multi-institutional Dream Team of scientists and clinicians that is co-led by Joe Gray, a renowned cancer researcher with the U.S. Department of Energys Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. http://newscenter.lbl.gov/

; gene therapy. INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer afflicts more than 25,000 women annually in the United States Paz, Madrid, Spain Received November 10, 2000 Ovarian carcinoma is a leading cause of cancer death in women. Though advances in conventional therapies have been achieved, long-term survival rates for most

and are highest in Western countries (2). In the United States, it is the most frequently diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer death in men (3). Despite these high death rates, prostate cancer is oftenDepartment of Urology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112; gSection of Urology

of these compounds as selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) agonists and as cytotoxic anticancer agents has been investigated in colon, prostate and pancreatic cancer cells. In colon cancer cells ?-CDODA-Me arrested the growth at G2/M...

studied are the ways that major components of the diet such as protein, fat, and lifestyle issues impactDiet, nutrients, phytochemicals, and cancer metastasis suppressor genes Gary G. Meadows # Springer and mortality of cancer patients is metastasis. There exists a relative lack of specific therapeutic approaches

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprises 18% of all lung cancer cases and is an aggressive disease with a five-year survival rate of less than 5%, mainly due to the advanced nature of the disease at the time of diagnosis. ...

the treatment. 'Quality of life' cannot be defined precisely, and the term is used to cover three types of approach. Firstly, the control of symptoms due to a cancer can be assessed, for example control of cough and chest pain from a lung cancer can be measured...

were diagnosed in the United States and Canada ­ with as many as 45,000 cases leading to death. For women, breast cancer mortality rates are higher than for any other cancer, with the exception of lung as early as possible. This will not only reduce mortality and incidence rates, but also significantly ease

Lung Cancer and Arsenic Concentrations in Drinking Water in Chile Catterina Ferreccio,1,2 Claudia- trations have since been reduced to 40 g/liter. We investi- gated the relation between lung cancer and arsenic in drinking water in northern Chile in a case-control study involving patients diagnosed with lung

body weight, you must balance the amount of energy you put into your bodyÂ­ the food you eatAccording to the American Cancer Society, one-third of all cancer deaths each year in the United States are linked to the amount of food you eat, your body weight, and how much exercise you get. Another

and/or as a food supplement to potentiate cancer therapeutic treatments. Citation: Cousin FJ, JouanMilk Fermented by Propionibacterium freudenreichii Induces Apoptosis of HGT-1 Human Gastric Cancercancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. The ``economically developed countries'' life

Cancer incidences in Europe related to mortalities, and ethnohistoric, genetic, and geographic We have previously shown that geographic differences in cancer mortalities in Europe are related of 45 male and 47 female cancers. Differences in cancer incidences are correlated moder- ately, first

Cancer, Palliative and End of Life Care ResearchProjects2012 #12;2 5 4 Cancer, Palliative and End and students working together to transform care and improve outcomes for individuals affected by cancer, other the right questions to generate theory, influence policy and change practice. Cancer survivorship

AACR Cancer Progress Report 2012 Making Research Count for Patients: A New Day www.cancerprogressreport.org Â· www.aacr.org #12;AACR Cancer Progress Report 2012 Making Research Count for Patients: A New Day www.cancerprogressreport.org Â· www.aacr.org Also published as: American Association for Cancer Research. AACR cancer progress report

Skin Cancer: A Young Person's Disease By Lauren Duffy (B.S. Communication, Journalism '14 is that this behavior is extremely unhealthy and risky for their bodies, specifically their skin. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer found in young adults and second most common cancer found in adolescents

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer- related death in the United States. (1). Current cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, in which the 5-year survival rate is less. Results: b-Lap­mediated cell death required $90 enzymatic units of NQO1. Essential downstream mediators

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in the world and its treatment is dependant on the type and stage of cancer detected in the patient. Molecular biomarkers that can characterize the cancer phenotype are thus a key...

We present experimental evidence for the formation of ion tracks in amorphous Si induced by swift heavy ion irradiation. An underlying core-shell structure consistent with remnants of a high density liquid structure was revealed by small-angle x-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations. Ion track dimensions dier for as-implanted and relaxed Si as attributed to dierent microstructures and melting temperatures. The identication and characterisation of ion tracks in amorphous Si yields new insight into mechanisms of damage formation due to swift heavy ion irradiation in amorphous semiconductors.

Many high-dimensional time-varying signals can be modeled as a sequence of noisy nonlinear observations of a low-dimensional dynamical process. Given high-dimensional observations and a distribution describing the ...

Knowledge of the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying cellular response to radiation may provide new avenues to develop innovative predictive tests of radiosensitivity of tumours and normal tissues and to improve individual therapy. Nowadays very few studies describe molecular changes induced by hadrontherapy treatments, therefore this field has to be explored and clarified. High-throughput methodologies, such as DNA microarray, allow us to analyse mRNA expression of thousands of genes simultaneously in order to discover new genes and pathways as targets of response to hadrontherapy. Our aim is to elucidate the molecular networks involved in the sensitivity/resistance of cancer cell lines subjected to hadrontherapy treatments with a genomewide approach by using cDNA microarray technology to identify gene expression profiles and candidate genes responsible of differential cellular responses.

This paper describes the convergence of MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System, Version 2 (MACCS2) probabilistic results of offsite consequences for the uncertainty analysis of the State-of-the-Art Reactor Consequence Analyses (SOARCA) unmitigated long-term station blackout scenario at the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station. The consequence metrics evaluated are individual latent-cancerfatality (LCF) risk and individual early fatality risk. Consequence results are presented as conditional risk (i.e., assuming the accident occurs, risk per event) to individuals of the public as a result of the accident. In order to verify convergence for this uncertainty analysis, as recommended by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, a ‘high’ source term from the original population of Monte Carlo runs has been selected to be used for: (1) a study of the distribution of consequence results stemming solely from epistemic uncertainty in the MACCS2 parameters (i.e., separating the effect from the source term uncertainty), and (2) a comparison between Simple Random Sampling (SRS) and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) in order to validate the original results obtained with LHS. Three replicates (each using a different random seed) of size 1,000 each using LHS and another set of three replicates of size 1,000 using SRS are analyzed. The results show that the LCF risk results are well converged with either LHS or SRS sampling. The early fatality risk results are less well converged at radial distances beyond 2 miles, and this is expected due to the sparse data (predominance of “zero” results).

Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) of cancer improves upon conventional radioimmunotherapy (RIT) by decoupling the pharmacokinetics of the targeting agent and the radioisotope. In order to improve upon PRIT, we have ...

The growing interest in quantifying the molecular basis of protein kinase activation and allosteric regulation by cancer mutations has fueled computational studies of allosteric signaling in protein kinases. In the present ...

Johar Ali of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research discusses genomics and next-gen applications at the OICR on June 2, 2010 at the "Sequencing, Finishing, Analysis in the Future" meeting in Santa Fe, NM

Prioritization of cancer implicated genes has received growing attention as an effective way to reduce wet lab cost by computational analysis that ranks candidate genes according to the likelihood that experimental ...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging cancer therapy that uses the combination of non-toxic dyes or photosensitizers (PS) and harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and destroy tumors. The PS can be ...

-dependent to androgen-independent tumors (2). In the case of metastasis, androgen sup- pression is the leading treatment of cancer-related deaths in men in industrialized countries (1). Besides metas- tasis to bone and lymph

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the relationship between preeclampsia or gestational hypertension and subsequent breast cancer in a population of 6,564 pregnant women. Data on the study population came from the Child Health...

detection system. Presented here is a method for the optical determination of cancerous tissue using polarized light. This thesis describes the development of a polarimetric imaging system including its calibration and testing. In addition, experiments...

A molecular marker-based method for monitoring and detecting cancer in humans. Aberrant methylation of gene promoters is a marker for cancer risk in humans. A two-stage, or "nested" polymerase chain reaction method is disclosed for detecting methylated DNA sequences at sufficiently high levels of sensitivity to permit cancer screening in biological fluid samples, such as sputum, obtained non-invasively. The method is for detecting the aberrant methylation of the p16 gene, O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene, Death-associated protein kinase gene, RAS-associated family 1 gene, or other gene promoters. The method offers a potentially powerful approach to population-based screening for the detection of lung and other cancers.

Chromosomal structural variations play an important role in determining the transcriptional landscape of human breast cancers. To assess the nature of these structural variations, we analyzed eight breast tumor samples ...

Elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis is the final frontier in cancer biology research. Identifying individual pathways in the metastatic cascade could lead to development of metastasis-specific ...

Aneuploidy, an abnormal complement of chromosomes, is present in approximately 90% of human malignancies. Despite over 100 years of research, many questions remain regarding the contribution of aneuploidy to the cancer ...

(sometimes proceeded by bioreductive activation) [2­4], and others generate cellular reactive oxygen species death through the generation of reactive oxygen species.PRECLINICAL STUDIES Cribrostatin 6 induces death in cancer cells through a reactive oxygen species

A33 is a cell surface glycoprotein of colon epithelium with a long clinical history as a target in antibody-based cancer therapy. Despite being present in normal colon, radio-labeled antibodies against A33 are selectively ...

Metastasis formation is the major reason for the extremely poor prognosis in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. The molecular interaction partners regulating metastasis formation in SCLC are largely unidentified, ...

to act as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes in several different cancers, expression patterns of ten miRNAs (miR-15a, miR-16, miR-17-5p, miR-21, miR-29b, miR-125b, miR-145, miR-155, miR-181b, let-7f) known to be associated with human breast cancer were...

Data on the prevalence of bone cancer in dinosaurs is available from past radiological examination of preserved bones. We statistically test this data for consistency with rates extrapolated from information on bone cancer in modern vertebrates, and find that there is no evidence of a different rate. Thus, this test provides no support for a possible role of ionizing radiation in the K-T extinction event.

Courts, lawyers, health physicists, physicians, and others are searching for a credible answer to the question posed in the title of this paper. The cases in which the question arises frequently stem from an individual that has cancer and they, or their next-of-kin, are convinced that a past radiation exposure - usually small - is responsible for causing it. An arithmetic expression of this problem is simple: the probability of causation by the radiation dose in question is equal to the risk of cancer from the radiation dose divided by the risk of cancer from all causes. The application of risk factors to this equation is not so simple. It must involve careful evaluation of the reliability of and variations in risk coefficients for development of cancer due to radiation exposure, other carcinogenic agents, and natural causes for the particular individual. Examination of our knowledge of these various factors indicates that a large range in the answers can result due to the variability and imprecision of the data. Nevertheless, the attempts to calculate and the probability that radiation caused the cancer is extremely useful to provide a gross perspective on the probability of causation. It will likely rule in or out a significant number of cases despite the limitations in our understandings of the etiology of cancer and the risks from various factors. For the remaining cases, a thoughtful and educated judgment based on selected data and circumstances of the case will also be needed before the expert can develop and support his opinion.

Carbon ion radiotherapy for the first patient at Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center (GHMC) was initiated in March of 2010. The major specifications of the facility were determined based on the experience of clinical treatments at National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). The currently indicated sites of cancer treatment at GHMC are lung, prostate, head and neck, liver, rectum, bone and soft tissue. In order to evaluate the potential need for treatment in the region including Gunma prefecture and the adjacent 4 prefectures, an estimation model was constructed based on the Japanese cancer registration system, regular structure surveys by the Cancer Societies, and published articles on each cancer type. Carbon ion RT was potentially indicated for 8,085 patients and realistically for 1,527 patients, corresponding to 10% and 2% of the newly diagnosed cancer patients in the region. Prostate cancer (541 patients) followed by lung cancer (436 patients), and liver cancer (313 patients) were the most commonly diagnosed cancers.

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and abnormal cell cycle and apoptosis regulation. Among the types of cancer, prostate cancer is the leading cause of death in men. Although many ...

Hamada, Shin [Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (Japan)] [Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (Japan); Masamune, Atsushi, E-mail: amasamune@med.tohoku.ac.jp [Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (Japan)] [Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (Japan); Takikawa, Tetsuya; Suzuki, Noriaki; Kikuta, Kazuhiro; Hirota, Morihisa [Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (Japan)] [Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (Japan); Hamada, Hirofumi [Laboratory of Oncology, Department of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji (Japan)] [Laboratory of Oncology, Department of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji (Japan); Kobune, Masayoshi [Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo (Japan)] [Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo (Japan); Satoh, Kennichi [Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori (Japan)] [Division of Cancer Stem Cell, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori (Japan); Shimosegawa, Tooru [Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (Japan)] [Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai (Japan)

2012-05-04T23:59:59.000Z

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) promote the progression of pancreatic cancer. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Pancreatic cancer cells co-cultured with PSCs showed enhanced spheroid formation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Expression of stem cell-related genes ABCG2, Nestin and LIN28 was increased. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Co-injection of PSCs enhanced tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This study suggested a novel role of PSCs as a part of the cancer stem cell niche. -- Abstract: The interaction between pancreatic cancer cells and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), a major profibrogenic cell type in the pancreas, is receiving increasing attention. There is accumulating evidence that PSCs promote the progression of pancreatic cancer by increasing cancer cell proliferation and invasion as well as by protecting them from radiation- and gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. Recent studies have identified that a portion of cancer cells, called 'cancer stem cells', within the entire cancer tissue harbor highly tumorigenic and chemo-resistant phenotypes, which lead to the recurrence after surgery or re-growth of the tumor. The mechanisms that maintain the 'stemness' of these cells remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that PSCs might enhance the cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in pancreatic cancer cells. Indirect co-culture of pancreatic cancer cells with PSCs enhanced the spheroid-forming ability of cancer cells and induced the expression of cancer stem cell-related genes ABCG2, Nestin and LIN28. In addition, co-injection of PSCs enhanced tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo. These results suggested a novel role of PSCs as a part of the cancer stem cell niche.

The identification of cancer drivers is a major goal of current cancer research. Finding driver genes within large chromosomal events is especially challenging because such alterations encompass many genes. Previously, we ...

Autocrine signaling plays essential roles in providing self-sustaining growth signals to cancer cells. Since the introduction of the autocrine hypothesis in 1980s, the contribution of autocrine signaling in cancer medicine ...

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and epidemiological studies suggest the association of diabetes mellitus with an enhanced risk for multiple cancers. Metformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride) is the most widely prescribed...

Cachexia affects up to two thirds of all cancer patients with progressive disease. It is a syndrome characterised by weight-loss, anorexia, fatigue, asthenia, peripheral oedema, and is responsible for around 20% of cancer ...

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive cancer often diagnosed after it has metastasized. Despite the need to better understand this disease, SCLC remains poorly characterized at the molecular and genomic levels. ...

among women in the Western world, second to lung cancer. And in 2003, approximately 39,800 women died as a result of breast cancer (10). The reported incidence of breast cancer has risen during recent years due to the increase of mammography... likely to be initiated, i.e. early adulthood and reproductive years, and increased breast cancer risk (17). However, other studies have reported that estrogens are able to induce direct and indirect free radical-mediated DNA damage, genetic...

and Janet S. Carpenter1 Department of Adult Health, IU School of Nursing1 Breast cancer treatments can cause to the study, the women were asked to provide demographic and cancer treatment information and complete a semi cancer patients will need before treatment decisions are made. These findings will help medical

cancer biology suggest that a single treatment approach for this heterogeneous and biologically complex cancer is not ideal. In the future, the best treatments may be determined by the molecular determinantsADVANCING A HEALTHIER WISCONSIN ENDOWMENT: RESEARCH AND EDUCATION PROGRAM Pancreatic Cancer