Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate that average global surface temperature will continue to rise during the 21st century by 1.1oC to 6.4oC. Such global warming will cause sea level to rise, and is expected to increase the intensity of extreme weather events and to change the amount/pattern of precipitation. Other effects of global warming include changes in agricultural yields, trade routes, glacier retreat, species extinctions and the increase in diseases.