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Unformatted text preview: Exam 1, Version A / Rf
Name (print): ’) ‘
MEA 101 -003 Physical Geology Individual Exam 1 E 1. Classify the following statement. The Piedmont of North Carolina formed
when an island arc was added to the ancient North American continent about 500 million years ago. a) This is an example of data
b) This is an example of an interpretation
0) This is an example of a hypothesis Pf 2. The theory of plate tectonics explains past processes that shaped the Earth
and also explains present-day processes. a) True
b) False i 2 3. A mid—ocean ridge system is present in the
a) Atlantic Ocean only b) Pacific and Atlantic Oceans but not the Indian Ocean
c) Indian and Pacific oceans, but not Atlantic Ocean
d) Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans a 4. What was Alfred Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis?
a) Earth’s landmasses used to form a single supercontinent.
b) Fossils of the same organisms are found on different continents.
c) The coastlines of South America and Africa fit together like jigsaw puzzle pieces.
d) Earth’s surface can be divided up into a series of plates made up of lithosphere. 2g 5. Which features on the continents control where the thickest ocean sediments
are found? .
a) The location of major rivers _ Ci N H”
b) Distance from a mid-ocean ridge 0) Elevation of the coastal plain
d) Age of the underlying rocks Exam 1, Version A E" 6. The Hawaiian islands are located above a subduction zone.
a) True
b) False C- 7. Examine the map of the plate
boundaries and answer the
following question. New
oceanic floor is being created
at B 8. The principal explanation for why Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis was
not widely accepted was that the hypothesis required long, narrow Eand
bridges that did not exist. a) True b) False E 9. At which location is the crust the thickest?
a) Transform boundary
b) Divergent boundary
c) Oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary
d) Oceanic-continental convergent boundary
e) Continental-continental convergent boundary ! i 10. The underlying mechanism hypothesized to drive plate tectonics is
a) consumption of oceanic crust within subduction zones.
b) loss of heat from Earth’s interior by convection.
c) continental crust is more buoyant than oceanic crust.
d) tectonic boundaries are always associated with earthquakes. Exam 1, Version A R 11. Plates move toward each other across plate boundaries. a) convergent
b) divergent
c) transform Examine the idealized plate tectonic map to the right and answer the two questions that s—r—"m
follow. E “5. A u ‘ ' O 12. How many tectonic plates are Elma“ “”3! present on the map? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 g
d) 5 i
e) 6 f M... oceanic ridge i
l
l
i all-n. oceanic trench A volcano El 13. At which location is the asthenosphere closest to the surface?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E B 14. Geologists discover plate tectonics on a newly found planet. They find two
adjacent plates, X and Y of approximately equal size. Both plates have an
oceanic ridge on one side. The plates share the other plate boundary that is
represented by an oceanic trench. Plate X forms the over—riding plate while
Plate Y is the descending plate. Predict which plate is moving faster. a) Plate X is moving faster
13) Plate Y is moving faster
c) Not enough information to decide % 15. The Earth’s magnetic field results from a) Piate tectonics b) Convection of the liquid core
0) Rising magma in the mantle
d) Cosmic radiation Exam 1, Version A C 16. Which diagram best summarizes the structure of a tectonic plate?
a) A b’ B
C) C plate Iain: d) D mantle lithohere - lam—:— _ IE ctonie
mantle l1th<> sphe re plat: . demandsphége - -_ "; " ' -‘uuum-iu‘m-nnnn- n... mt“...Suﬁ-nymn-nu'u-anu- tattle u-u-uuu-‘uk-‘iui'ui- u.h-h-i$qi§nﬁ-.Boo¢oumku i 43-55.. .. r neinherei'T-z'éz, C til -
n
I“
n C 17. The most recent supercontinent in the Wilson Cycle is known as
a) Gondwana
b) Rodinia
c) Pangea
d) North America D 18. How did the Red Sea, shown between
Arabia and Africa in this figure, form? a) subduction of Arabia beneath Africa followed by the formation of a trench b) subduction of Africa beneath Arabia
following continental collision c) a continental collision trapped a segment of
old ocean floor d) continental rifting followed by seafloor
spreading e) transform faulting followed by a continental
collision I S 19. The eastern edge of the South American continent is a(n)
margin.
a) Active
b) Passive
c) Transform Exam 1, Version A Shallower C— 20. Which graph best shows how the depth -——-— E
Q a.
of the ocean floor changes across a 8
Q}
mid—ocean ridge? 3 w
G]
(K
Deeper
a) a -100 km o 100 km
Distance from ridge
b) b
Shallower
ﬁ b.
c) c g
E V4
25
Deeper
-'IOO km 0 100 km
Distance from ridge
Shallower
5 c.
D.
8
.3
5 A
£
Deeper
400 km 0 100 km Distance from ridge E 21. Continental crust is and than oceanic crust. a) Thinner, more dense c) Thicker, more dense
b) Thinner, less dense d) Thicker, less dense C. 22. What type of plate boundaries are present at locations #1 & #3 on the map
below? a) #1 is convergent & #3 is convergent c) #1 is divergent & #3 is convergent b) #1 is divergent & #3 is divergent d) #1 is convergent & #3 is divergent Noah
American South
A meric an Australian ' A ntarcti c Exam 1, Version A Oldest 23. From 20 to 10 million years ago, a plate {20 my) 9 was moving over a hotspot. 10
million years ago, the plate changed
direction and has been moving
ever since, forming the island chain
below. a) East, North
b) East, South t. .-
C) West, North Youngest
d) West, South {0 my) B 24. Transform boundaries often a) Are associated with hotspot volcanism b) Link together convergent and divergent boundaries
c) Create deep ocean trenches d) Are a complete plate boundary pl 25. The Appalachian Mountains formed when
a) Africa collided with North America during the last supercontinent cycle
b) The Atlantic Plate subducted beneath North America c) North America rifted away from Europe
d) North and South America collided to form Gondwana Exam 1, Version A Read the article below from The Guardian (London), September 14, 2000, and answer the
three Questions that follow. Marine archaeologists have begun to map a rolling landscape, fed by meandering streams
and marked with wattle and daub houses, along the former margin of the Black Sea that was flooded more than 7,000 years ago. The discovery was announced yesterday by Robert
Ballard, the scientist who discovered the wrecked Titanic. The Black Sea was once a freshwater lake, well below sea level. About 7,000 years ago,
according to geological evidence, the rising Mediterranean sea pushed a channel through
what is now the Bosphorus, and then seawater poured in at about 200 times the volume of
Niagara Falls. The Black Sea would have widened at the rate of a mile a day, submerging
the original shoreline under hundreds of feet of salty water. Nearly 100,000 square miles
were inundated. Sea-shells on the beaches of the modern Black Sea are of marine origin, but
deep below the surface there are layers of shells of freshwater molluscs, mute witnesses to the shoreline of the ancient lake. There are many myths concerning a great flood in the region. There was a first mention in
the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Babylonian work. The Hebrew book of Genesis most famously
tells the story of Noah, who found grace in the eyes of the Lord, when all around him were
wicked. Noah was warned of a forthcoming flood, and built a huge ark' to hold his family and
all the animals in pairs. Noah survived when all perished. Dr Ballard used side-scanning sonar to look for interesting shapes on the seabed over a 200-
sq~mile area, 12 miles off the Turkish coast, near Sinop. The instruments detected targets'
worth a closer look, so video cameras mounted on underwater robot submarines were put to
use. ' We found two ancient ships last night,’ said Dr Ballard speaking by phone from his
research vessel yesterday. What we were trying to do in our wildest dreams - which is
exactly what happened — was find a structure that was evidence, not a sunken ship, not trash and not geology, but characteristic of human habitation.’ They found it. Above an area submerged too deeply for human divers, the sonar instruments
revealed details of the landscape. They found a rectangular area up to 12ft by 25 ft, over
which an ancient mud and wooden house had collapsed, and they found tools of highly
polished stone, together with fragments of ceramics. What we are looking at is a culture that
is definitely thousands of years old,‘ said Fred Hiebert, an archaeologist at the University of
Pennsylvania, who was also on the ship. The flood is an event that is geologically known,
and for us to find a structure in 150 meters of water means that these peopie were definitely
living there before it flooded, so it is pre—Greek. It is a different world and it deserves a great
deal of attention and years of study to help us truly identify who these people were.’ But he does not claim to have found the landscape of Noah. We really cannot say in any
way, shape or form that this is the biblical flood. All we can say is that there has been a major
flood, that people were living here when it happened. We prefer to stick with the facts - and
who knows where those facts will lead us.‘ Exam 1, Version A Read the questions carefully before choosing a response. 0 26. What is the major geologic hypothesis that Dr. Ballard and his research
team are investigating?
a) Noah's Ark may be preserved on the floor of the Black Sea.
b) Floods have specific geologic patterns.
c) Archeologists can use modern technology to map underwater.
d) A great flood converted a freshwater lake into the Black Sea. E 27. What observations were previously made (prior to this research cruise) to
support the hypothesis? a) There are submerged houses along the margin of the Black Sea. b) Shells of freshwater organisms (molluscs) are under layers of sediment on the
seaﬂoon c) The Black Sea widened at a rate of 1 mile per day. d) The Black Sea was once a freshwater lake. A 28. Dr. Ballard and the other researchers are now testing the hypothesis. What
prediction did they make that they are now testing? a) They would find evidence of human habitation submerged along the margin of the
sea. b) They would find Noah’s Ark. c) They would find freshwater organisms on the floor of the sea. d) The water in the Black Sea would be 150 meters deep. Exam 1, Version A Name (print): 29. Based on your knowledge of plate . V . ‘ I 7 "of”;
' ' Amtrican tectonics, draw a labeled cross section for the numbered boundary indicated in
the boxes below and on the map to the
right. Your cross section should show what processes are occurring at that " , " ' ' . _. - ‘ - ' -- South
boundary and any major geologic ‘ “Walla“ American
features. A ntarctic Boundary 3 O ‘ O (Ewe-we T Boundary 9 Q‘WEM’ Exam 1, Version A 30. Divergent vs. Convergent Plate Boundaries. Use the Venn diagram below to compare and contrast the characteristics of divergent
and convergent plate boundaries. Write the letters corresponding to any eight of the features labeled C-K that are unique to either group in the larger areas of the left and right circles and place features that they share in the overlap area in the center of the
image. We have completed two responses as examples, you select eight more. A. Example: Pacific and Eurasian plate boundary. B. Present along margins of Indian-Australian plate. C. Oceanic lithosphere may be present on both sides of the plate boundary.
D. Only young ocean lithosphere present. E. Rocks on either side of boundary are typically of different ages. F. Plates move away from each other G. Characterized by the presence of rifts and rift valleys. H. Magma rises to surface at or near the boundary. l. Chains of volcanic islands form (island arcs). J. Continental lithosphere on one side of plate boundary, oceanic lithosphere on the other.
K. Example: Boundary between Nazca and Pacific plates. Divergent Boundary Convergent Boundary A
r;
l
3. 10 ...
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