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Large Deviations And Applications For Markovian Hawkes Processes With A Large Initial Intensity.

Creator

Gao, Xuefeng, Zhu, Lingjiong

Abstract/Description

Hawkes process is a class of simple point processes that is self-exciting and has clustering effect. The intensity of this point process depends on its entire past history. It has wide applications in finance, insurance, neuroscience, social networks, criminology, seismology, and many other fields. In this paper, we study linear Hawkes process with an exponential kernel in the asymptotic regime where the initial intensity of the Hawkes process is large. We establish large deviations for... Show moreHawkes process is a class of simple point processes that is self-exciting and has clustering effect. The intensity of this point process depends on its entire past history. It has wide applications in finance, insurance, neuroscience, social networks, criminology, seismology, and many other fields. In this paper, we study linear Hawkes process with an exponential kernel in the asymptotic regime where the initial intensity of the Hawkes process is large. We establish large deviations for Hawkes processes in this regime as well as the regime when both the initial intensity and the time are large. We illustrate the strength of our results by discussing the applications to insurance and queueing systems. Show less

Date Issued

2018-11-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000429696200015, 10.3150/17-BEJ948

Format

Citation

Title

How the ACRL Research as Inquiry Frame Informed Library Instruction at a College of Medicine.

Creator

Epstein, Susan, Rosasco, Robyn, Heasley, Erica

Abstract/Description

In recent years, librarians have begun to consult the Association of College and Research Libraries’ (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education to inform their library instruction and respond effectively to an ever-changing information ecosystem. This article describes an academic medical library’s experience with framing scholarly research as a discovery process of asking questions and finding answers; in essence, following the basic premise of the ACRL’s “Research as... Show moreIn recent years, librarians have begun to consult the Association of College and Research Libraries’ (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education to inform their library instruction and respond effectively to an ever-changing information ecosystem. This article describes an academic medical library’s experience with framing scholarly research as a discovery process of asking questions and finding answers; in essence, following the basic premise of the ACRL’s “Research as Inquiry” frame. The authors’ development of instructional sessions for undergraduate interdisciplinary medical students has also encouraged their integration of Framework concepts with medical education standards and previous active-learning initiatives. Show less

In this essay, we aim to counter and qualify the epiphenomenalist challenge proposed in this special issue on the grounds of empirical and theoretical arguments. The current body of scientific knowledge strongly indicates that conscious thought is a necessary condition for many human behaviors, and therefore, consciousness qualifies as a cause of those behaviors. We review illustrative experimental evidence for the causal power of conscious thought while also acknowledging its natural... Show moreIn this essay, we aim to counter and qualify the epiphenomenalist challenge proposed in this special issue on the grounds of empirical and theoretical arguments. The current body of scientific knowledge strongly indicates that conscious thought is a necessary condition for many human behaviors, and therefore, consciousness qualifies as a cause of those behaviors. We review illustrative experimental evidence for the causal power of conscious thought while also acknowledging its natural limitations. We argue that it is implausible that the metabolic costs inherent to conscious processes would have evolved in humans without any adaptive benefits. Moreover, we discuss the relevance of conscious thought to the issue of freedom. Many accounts hold conscious thought as necessary and conducive to naturalistic conceptions of personal freedom. Apart from these theories, we show that the conscious perception of freedom and the belief in free will provide sources of interesting findings, beneficial behavioral effects, and new avenues for research. We close by proposing our own challenge via outlining the gaps that have yet to be filled to establish hard evidence of an epiphenomenal model of consciousness. To be sure, we appreciate the epiphenomenalist challenge as it promotes critical thinking and inspires rigorous research. However, we see no merit in downplaying the causal significance of consciousness a priori. Instead, we believe it more worthwhile to focus on the complex interplay between conscious and other causal processes. Show less

Date Issued

2018-10-08

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000446627900001, 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01925

Format

Citation

Title

Multistability In An Unusual Phase Diagram Induced By The Competition Between Antiferromagnetic-like Short-range And Ferromagnetic-like Long-range Interactions.

Creator

Nishino, Masamichi, Rikvold, Per Arne, Omand, Conor, Miyashita, Seiji

Abstract/Description

The interplay between competing short-range (SR) and long-range (LR) interactions can cause nontrivial structures in phase diagrams. Recently, horn-shaped unusual structures were found by Monte Carlo simulations in the phase diagram of the Ising antiferromagnet (IA) with infinite-range ferromagnetic-like (F) interactions [Phys. Rev. B 93, 064109 (2016); 96, 174428 (2017)], and also in an IA with LR interactions of elastic origin modeling spin-crossover materials [Phys. Rev. B 96, 144425 (2017... Show moreThe interplay between competing short-range (SR) and long-range (LR) interactions can cause nontrivial structures in phase diagrams. Recently, horn-shaped unusual structures were found by Monte Carlo simulations in the phase diagram of the Ising antiferromagnet (IA) with infinite-range ferromagnetic-like (F) interactions [Phys. Rev. B 93, 064109 (2016); 96, 174428 (2017)], and also in an IA with LR interactions of elastic origin modeling spin-crossover materials [Phys. Rev. B 96, 144425 (2017)]. To clarify the nature of the phases associated with the horn structures, we study the phase diagram of the IA model with infinite-range F interactions by applying a variational free energy in a cluster mean-field (CMF) approximation. While the simple Bragg-Williams mean-field theory for each sublattice does not produce a horn structure, we find such structures with the CMF method. This confirms that the local thermal fluctuations enabled by the multisite clusters are essential for this phenomenon. We investigate in detail the structure of metastable phases in the phase diagram. In contrast to the phase diagram obtained by the Monte Carlo studies, we find a triple point, at which ferromagnetic-like, antiferromagnetic-like, and disordered phases coexist, and also six tristable regions accompanying the horn structure. We also point out that several characteristic endpoints of first-order transitions appear in the phase diagram. We propose three possible scenarios for the transitions related to the tristable regions. Finally, we discuss the relation between the triple point in this phase diagram and that of a possible lattice-gas model, in which solid, liquid, and gas phases can coexist. Show less

The purpose of this case study was to examine the contribution of the pre-service interventions within the Reading for Ethiopia’s Achievement Developed Technical Assistance (READ-TA) program, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) from October 2012 through December 2017. Of particular interest were revisions of the mother tongue pre-service teacher education program and the related professional development for teacher educators and student teachers (we use... Show moreThe purpose of this case study was to examine the contribution of the pre-service interventions within the Reading for Ethiopia’s Achievement Developed Technical Assistance (READ-TA) program, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) from October 2012 through December 2017. Of particular interest were revisions of the mother tongue pre-service teacher education program and the related professional development for teacher educators and student teachers (we use the term teacher educators to refer to the lecturers and instructors at the colleges of teacher education and the term student teachers to refer to the students at colleges of teacher education, also referred to in Ethiopia as “teacher-trainees” and “wouldbe- teachers”). The professional development activities included engagement of these educators in module development, adaptation of the modules and related materials into seven mother tongues,2 and training on the module contents. The objectives of this chapter are to describe the extent to which teacher educators’ involvement across multiple initiatives promoted changes in conceptions of literacy instruction; depth of understanding of literacy content; and student-centered, participatory teaching and learning pedagogy. (For this chapter, the term literacy encompasses reading, writing, speaking, and listening.) To document changes in conceptions, knowledge, and skills, we collected data throughout the life of the project to gather teacher educators’ reflections on learning processes, changes in teaching practices, and student teachers’ readiness to teach the new primary curriculum. Show less

Many advocate for political reforms intended to resolve apparent disjunctures between politicians' ideologically polarized policy positions and citizens' less polarized policy preferences. We show these apparent disjunctures can arise even when politicians represent their constituencies well and that resolving them would likely degrade representation. These counterintuitive results arise from a paradox whereby polarized politicians can best represent constituencies composed of citizens with... Show moreMany advocate for political reforms intended to resolve apparent disjunctures between politicians' ideologically polarized policy positions and citizens' less polarized policy preferences. We show these apparent disjunctures can arise even when politicians represent their constituencies well and that resolving them would likely degrade representation. These counterintuitive results arise from a paradox whereby polarized politicians can best represent constituencies composed of citizens with idiosyncratic preferences. We document this paradox among US House members, often criticized for excessive polarization. We show that if House members represented their constituencies' preferences as closely as possible, they would still appear polarized. Moreover, current members nearly always represent their constituencies better than counterfactual less polarized members. A series of experiments confirms that even moderate citizens usually prefer ostensibly polarized representatives to many less polarized alternatives. Show less

Date Issued

2018-10-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000445660100007, 10.1086/698755

Format

Citation

Title

The Role Of Geography In Adaptive Radiation.

Creator

Schenk, John J., Steppan, Scott J.

Abstract/Description

Although the importance of biogeography in the speciation process is well recognized, the fundamental role of geographic diversification during adaptive radiations has not been studied to determine its importance during the adaptive radiation process. We examined the relationship between lineage and regional diversification patterns in the South American rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae, one of the best candidates for an adaptive radiation in mammals, to propose a conceptual framework for... Show moreAlthough the importance of biogeography in the speciation process is well recognized, the fundamental role of geographic diversification during adaptive radiations has not been studied to determine its importance during the adaptive radiation process. We examined the relationship between lineage and regional diversification patterns in the South American rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae, one of the best candidates for an adaptive radiation in mammals, to propose a conceptual framework for geographic transitions during adaptive radiations. We reconstructed a time-calibrated phylogeny from four nuclear genes and one mitochondrial gene for 77% of sigmodontine diversity. Historical biogeography was reconstructed among 14 regions, for which we applied a sliding-window approach to estimate regional transition rates through time. We compared these rate patterns and measured whether regions consisted of species that were more phylogenetically related than expected by chance. Following the initial South American colonization around 7 million years ago, multiple expansions from northern regions correlated with a burst of speciation. Subsequently, both diversification and regional transition rates decreased overall and within the majority of regions. Despite high regional transition rates, nearly all regional assemblages were phylogenetically clustered, indicating that within-region diversification was common. We conclude that biogeographic complexity and partitioning played a profound role in the adaptive radiation of the South American Sigmodontinae (Oryzomyalia), the degree to which is determined by the relative scales of spatial variation and dispersal abilities. Show less

Date Issued

2018-10-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000444262900004, 10.1086/699221

Format

Citation

Title

Outcomes Associated With Robotic Approach To Pancreatic Resections.

Creator

Takahashi, Caitlin, Shridhar, Ravi, Huston, Jamie, Meredith, Kenneth

Abstract/Description

Minimally invasive techniques have improved post-operative outcomes, however, the majority of pancreatic surgery, known for its complexity, is still performed via open approaches. The development of robotics has improved dexterity which may allow for application in more complex surgeries. We queried a prospectively maintained robotic database to identify patients who underwent robotic pancreatic resection by a single surgeon between 2012 and 2016. Patient demographics and operative outcomes... Show moreMinimally invasive techniques have improved post-operative outcomes, however, the majority of pancreatic surgery, known for its complexity, is still performed via open approaches. The development of robotics has improved dexterity which may allow for application in more complex surgeries. We queried a prospectively maintained robotic database to identify patients who underwent robotic pancreatic resection by a single surgeon between 2012 and 2016. Patient demographics and operative outcomes were compared using Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis and Pearson's Chi-square test as appropriate. We identified 119 patients; 65 Whipples [Robotic Whipple (RW)], 43 distal pancreatectomies, 4 total pancreatectomies, 6 pancreatic enucleations, and 1 robotic cyst gastrostomy with a median age of 71 [24-91], median body mass index (BMI) of 27.6 (16.8-40.2), and American society of anesthesiologists (ASA) of 3. The median estimated blood loss (EBL) was 125 [25-800] and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) 6 [1-34]. Mean operative time for RW decreased after 15 cases (578 vs. 457 minutes, P<0.004). Conversions to open occurred in 5 (4.2%) patients. In total of 117 (98.3%) patients underwent R0 resections and the median lymph node (LN) harvest was 16 [0-37]. The 30 and 90 days mortality was 1 (0.8%). Major complications (Clavien-Dindo grade 3-5) were seen in 16 (13.4%) cases (20.3%) but decreased steadily as volume increased (case 30). Pancreatic leaks occurred in 14 (11.8%): A, 8 (6.7%); B, 4 (3.4%); and C, 2 (1.7%). Robotic assisted approaches to pancreatic resections is feasible. However, it takes approximately 15 cases before a decrease in operative time and 30 cases before major complications are decreased. These trends in complications are associated with surgeon experience and volume are critical to consider in robotic pancreatic surgery. Show less

Date Issued

2018-10-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000445720200022, 10.21037/jgo.2018.08.04

Format

Citation

Title

Clinical Fate Of T0n1 Esophageal Cancer: Results From The National Cancer Database.

Creator

Takahashi, Caitlin, Shridhar, Ravi, Huston, Jamie, Meredith, Kenneth

Abstract/Description

The long-term survival for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (EC) remains poor despite improvements in multi-modality care. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCR) followed by surgical resection remains pivotal in the management of patients with EC. However, the outcome of patients whose primary tumor exhibits a complete response with residual regional nodal disease (T0N1) remains unclear as well as the role for adjuvant therapy. Utilizing the National Cancer Database we identified... Show moreThe long-term survival for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (EC) remains poor despite improvements in multi-modality care. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCR) followed by surgical resection remains pivotal in the management of patients with EC. However, the outcome of patients whose primary tumor exhibits a complete response with residual regional nodal disease (T0N1) remains unclear as well as the role for adjuvant therapy. Utilizing the National Cancer Database we identified patients with EC who underwent NCR followed by esophagectomy who had subsequent pathology of T0N1. Baseline univariate comparisons of patient characteristics were made for continuous variables using both the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests as appropriate. Pearson's Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. Unadjusted survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method comparing survival curves with the log-rank test. All statistical tests were two-sided and alpha (type I) error <0.05 was considered statistically significant. We identified 7,116 patients diagnosed with EC; 6,235 (87.6%) adenocarcinoma (AC), 881 (12.4%) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a median age of 62 [21-88] years. There were 6,031 (84.8%) males and 1,085 (15.2%) females. R0 resections were achieved in 6,668 (93.7%) patients and this correlated to improved median survival 39.5 (R0) and 20.1 (R1) months respectively, P<0.001. The median nodes harvested were 13 [0-83] with a mean positive LN's of 1.4 +/- 2.9. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was achieved in 1,334 (18.7%), partial response (pPR) 2,812 (39.5%) and non-response (pNR) 2,970 (41.7%). There were 230 (3.2%) patients deemed as pathologic T0N1. The median survival of patients with pCR was 61.7 months compared to 32.1 months in the T0N1 patients P<0.001. T0N1 patients did not demonstrate an improved survival over T1/2 patients who had a median survival of 30.5 months, P=0.79. However, T0N1 did reveal an improved survival over T3/4 patients who had a median survival of 24.6 months, P=0.02. Adjuvant chemotherapy in T0N1 did not provide a benefit in survival, median survival adjuvant versus no adjuvant 30.8 vs. 32.1 months respectively, P=0.08. Multivariate analysis in T0N1 patients demonstrated only number of LN's positive, and histology SCC vs. ACC as predictive of survival, HR, 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10-1.36, P<0.001; HR, 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24-0.75, P=0.003, respectively. Patients with EC who exhibit a pathologic T0N1 after NCR have oncologic fates similar to node positive patients. Patients with pCR of the primary tumor and regional lymph nodes continue to demonstrate significant survival benefits over all remaining pathologic cohorts. Show less

The comprehension of network-level consequences resulting from disruptive events is a main gray area in the evaluation of transportation network resilience at the regional level. Explaining hazard impacts on regional network infrastructures and identifying significantly affected areas are important for communicating the need for building resilient infrastructure. This paper presents a framework for assessing the regional network resilience by leveraging scenario-based traffic modeling and GIS... Show moreThe comprehension of network-level consequences resulting from disruptive events is a main gray area in the evaluation of transportation network resilience at the regional level. Explaining hazard impacts on regional network infrastructures and identifying significantly affected areas are important for communicating the need for building resilient infrastructure. This paper presents a framework for assessing the regional network resilience by leveraging scenario-based traffic modeling and GIS techniques. High-impact-zone location identification metrics were developed and implemented in preliminarily identifying areas affected by bridge closures. Resilience was estimated, and an index developed by utilizing practical functionality metrics based on vehicle distance and hours traveled. These are illustrated for the Tampa Bay, Florida, area. Findings for 10 bridge closure scenarios and recovery schemas indicated significant regional resilience losses. The 1-275 bridge closure indicated the highest functional loss to the regional network: the aggregated resilience index below 0.5 reflects severe network performance deficit and mobility limitations. (C) 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers. Show less

Date Issued

2018-10-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000441684900003, 10.1061/JTEPBS.0000186

Format

Citation

Title

Correlation Of Tumor Size And Survival In Pancreatic Cancer.

Creator

Takahashi, Caitlin, Shridhar, Ravi, Huston, Jamie, Meredith, Kenneth

Abstract/Description

Background: Neoadjuvant therapy (NT) for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) continues to be debated. We sought to establish the relationship between pancreatic tumor size, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT), and definitive surgery (DS) on survival. Methods: Utilizing the National Cancer Database we identified patients with PAC who underwent NT and DS. Patient characteristics and survival were compared with Mann-Whitney U, Pearson's Chi-square, and the... Show moreBackground: Neoadjuvant therapy (NT) for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) continues to be debated. We sought to establish the relationship between pancreatic tumor size, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT), and definitive surgery (DS) on survival. Methods: Utilizing the National Cancer Database we identified patients with PAC who underwent NT and DS. Patient characteristics and survival were compared with Mann-Whitney U, Pearson's Chi-square, and the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable analysis (MVA) was developed to identify predictors of survival. All tests were two-sided and a <0.05 was significant. Results: We identified 11,707 patients: 9,722 patients with tumors >2 cm and 1,985 with tumors =2 cm. There were 523 patients treated with NCT, 559 treated with NCRT, and 10,625 DS. Patients with tumors >2 cm were more likely to have higher T-stage, P<0.001, positive lymph nodes, P<0.001, poor histologic grade, P<0.001, and R1 resections, P<0.001. The median survival for patients with tumors =2 cm was 30.6 months compared to 20.5 months for those whose tumors were >2 cm, P<0.001. In the >2 cm groups the median survival for NCT, NCRT, and DS was 22.9, 25.8 and 21.3 months, P=0.01. MVA revealed that age, Charlson/Deyo score, N-stage, grade, tumor size >2 cm, R0 resection, and NT were predictors of survival. Ninety-day mortality was worse in both the NCT and NCRT compared to DS, P<0.001. Conclusions: The size of pancreatic cancer correlates to pathologic stage and overall survival. Tumors >2 and <2 cm benefited from a NT. However, the 90-operative mortality was significantly worse in those patients receiving NT. Show less

Date Issued

2018-10-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000445720200020, 10.21037/jgo.2018.08.06

Format

Citation

Title

Esophagectomy From Then To Now.

Creator

Takahashi, Caitlin, Shridhar, Ravi, Huston, Jamie, Meredith, Kenneth

Abstract/Description

We have come a long way from the onset of surgery for esophageal cancer. Surgical resection is pivotal for the long-term survival in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Moreover, advancements in post-operative care and surgical techniques have contributed to reductions in morbidity. More recently minimally invasive esophagectomy has been increasingly used in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection. Potential advantages of MIE include: the decreased pulmonary... Show moreWe have come a long way from the onset of surgery for esophageal cancer. Surgical resection is pivotal for the long-term survival in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. Moreover, advancements in post-operative care and surgical techniques have contributed to reductions in morbidity. More recently minimally invasive esophagectomy has been increasingly used in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection. Potential advantages of MIE include: the decreased pulmonary complications, lower post-operative wound infection, decreased post-operative pain, and decreased length of hospitalization. The application of robotics to esophageal surgery is becoming more widespread. Robotic esophageal surgery has potential advantages over the known limitations of laparoscopic and thoracoscopic approaches to esophagectomy while adhering to the benefits of the minimally invasive approach. This paper is a review of the evolution from open esophagectomy to the most recent robotic approach. Show less

Date Issued

2018-10-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000445720200019, 10.21037/jgo.2018.08.15

Format

Citation

Title

The Accuracy Of Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio And Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio As A Marker For Gastrointestinal Malignancies.

Creator

Nora, Ian, Shridhar, Ravi, Huston, Jamie, Meredith, Kenneth

Abstract/Description

Background: Accurate predictors of locally advanced and recurrence disease in patients with gastrointestinal cancer are currently lacking. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have emerged as possible markers for predicting recurrence in these patients. In this study, we sought to evaluate the utility of NLR and PLR in predicting the presence of regional nodal disease, metastasis and systemic recurrence in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies.... Show moreBackground: Accurate predictors of locally advanced and recurrence disease in patients with gastrointestinal cancer are currently lacking. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have emerged as possible markers for predicting recurrence in these patients. In this study, we sought to evaluate the utility of NLR and PLR in predicting the presence of regional nodal disease, metastasis and systemic recurrence in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. Methods: We queried a comprehensive gastrointestinal oncology database to identify patients who had undergone surgery for a GI malignancy. NLR and PLR values were determined via a complete blood count (CBC). In patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy (NT) the NLR and PLR were calculated from CBCs before and after NT and in patients proceeding to surgery within 2 weeks pre-operatively. The associations between NLR and PLR and the clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, tumor size, differentiation, positive lymph nodes, and metastatic disease) were assessed via chi(2) or Fisher's exact tests where appropriate. All the tests were two-sided, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: We identified 116 patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal malignancies. There were 76 (65.5%) males and 40 (34.5%) females with an average age of 69.4 +/- 10.7 years. The mean follow up was 14.1 +/- 15.5 months. We identified 49 (42.2%) esophageal, 34 (29.3%) pancreatic, 14 (12.1%) colorectal, 13 (11.2%) gastric, and 6 (5.2%) biliary cancers. There were 36 (31.0%) patients with node negative disease, 52 (44.8%) with node positive and 28 (24.2%) with metastatic disease at surgery. Of the metastatic patients 4 (3.4%) were found at staging laparoscopy and 24 (20.6%) were diagnosed pre-operatively. The median NLR for LN-patient's was 1.78 (0.23-8.2) and for LN+ and metastatic patients was 4.69 (2.27-36), P<0.001. The median PLR for LN-patient's was 123.03 (14-257.69) and for LN+ and metastatic patients was 212.42 (105.45-2,185.18), P<0.001. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for a NLR >2.25 was 98.8%, 72.2%, 89%, and 96% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for PLR >140 was 95%, 78%, 90%, and 88% respectively. Utilizing both NLR and PLR the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV was increased. Conclusions: Elevation of NLR and PLR can be used to help identify patients with advanced disease GI malignancies and recurrences after surgery. Additionally, failure of normalization of NLR and PLR 3-month post-surgical resection may indicate early recurrence or persistent disease. Individually, NLR has a higher sensitivity and negative predictive value while PLR has a higher specificity and positive predictive value for distinguishing metastatic disease and node positivity. The combination of NLR and PLR has the highest accuracy of predicting advanced disease among all gastrointestinal malignancies. Show less

We build symmetry-adapted maximally localized Wannier states and construct the low-energy tight-binding model for the four narrow bands of twisted bilayer graphene. We do so when the twist angle is commensurate near the "magic" value and the narrow bands are separated from the rest of the bands by energy gaps. On each layer and sublattice, every Wannier state has three peaks near the triangular moire lattice sites. However, each Wannier state is localized and centered around a site of the... Show moreWe build symmetry-adapted maximally localized Wannier states and construct the low-energy tight-binding model for the four narrow bands of twisted bilayer graphene. We do so when the twist angle is commensurate near the "magic" value and the narrow bands are separated from the rest of the bands by energy gaps. On each layer and sublattice, every Wannier state has three peaks near the triangular moire lattice sites. However, each Wannier state is localized and centered around a site of the honeycomb lattice that is dual to the triangular moire lattice. The space group and the time-reversal symmetries are realized locally. The corresponding tight-binding model provides a starting point for studying the correlated many-body phases. Show less

Unusual behavior in quantum materials commonly arises from their effective low-dimensional physics, reflecting the underlying anisotropy in the spin and charge degrees of freedom. Here we introduce the magnetotropic coefficient k = partial derivative F-2/partial derivative theta(2), the second derivative of the free energy F with respect to the magnetic field orientation theta in the crystal. We show that the magnetotropic coefficient can be quantitatively determined from a shift in the... Show moreUnusual behavior in quantum materials commonly arises from their effective low-dimensional physics, reflecting the underlying anisotropy in the spin and charge degrees of freedom. Here we introduce the magnetotropic coefficient k = partial derivative F-2/partial derivative theta(2), the second derivative of the free energy F with respect to the magnetic field orientation theta in the crystal. We show that the magnetotropic coefficient can be quantitatively determined from a shift in the resonant frequency of a commercially available atomic force microscopy cantilever under magnetic field. This detection method enables part per 100 million sensitivity and the ability to measure magnetic anisotropy in nanogram-scale samples, as demonstrated on the Weyl semimetal NbP. Measurement of the magnetotropic coefficient in the spin-liquid candidate RuCl3 highlights its sensitivity to anisotropic phase transitions and allows a quantitative comparison to other thermodynamic coefficients via the Ehrenfest relations. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-28

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000445886000001, 10.1038/s41467-018-06412-w

Format

Citation

Title

Interaction Of He-8 With Pb-208 At Near-barrier Energies: He-4 And He-6 Production.

Angular distributions for the inclusive He-4 and He-6 production cross sections in the He-8 + Pb-208 system at incident energies of 16 and 22 MeV measured at the SPIRAL facility of the GANIL laboratory are presented. Using a combination of kinematical arguments and distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations, neutron transfer reactions were inferred to be the dominant contributors to both inclusive cross sections. Model-dependent values for the ratios of two- to one-neutron... Show moreAngular distributions for the inclusive He-4 and He-6 production cross sections in the He-8 + Pb-208 system at incident energies of 16 and 22 MeV measured at the SPIRAL facility of the GANIL laboratory are presented. Using a combination of kinematical arguments and distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) calculations, neutron transfer reactions were inferred to be the dominant contributors to both inclusive cross sections. Model-dependent values for the ratios of two- to one-neutron stripping, sigma(2n)/sigma(1n), were derived and compared with previous results for He-8 and He-6 projectiles incident on other heavy targets. Three- and four-neutron stripping were inferred to be the main processes leading to He-4 production, although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. Show less

The exclusive reaction gamma p -> pK(+) K- was studied in the photon energy range 3.0-3.8 GeV and momentum transfer range 0.6 < -t < 1.3 GeV2. Data were collected with the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. In this kinematic range the integrated luminosity was approximately 20 pb(-1). The reaction was isolated by detecting the K+ and the proton in CLAS, and reconstructing the K- via the missing-mass technique. Moments of the dikaon decay angular distributions... Show moreThe exclusive reaction gamma p -> pK(+) K- was studied in the photon energy range 3.0-3.8 GeV and momentum transfer range 0.6 < -t < 1.3 GeV2. Data were collected with the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. In this kinematic range the integrated luminosity was approximately 20 pb(-1). The reaction was isolated by detecting the K+ and the proton in CLAS, and reconstructing the K- via the missing-mass technique. Moments of the dikaon decay angular distributions were extracted from the experimental data. Besides the dominant contribution of the phi meson in the P wave, evidence for S - P interference was found. The differential production cross sections d sigma/dt for individual waves in the mass range of the phi resonance were extracted and compared to predictions of a Regge-inspired model. This is the first time the t-dependent cross section of the S-wave contribution to the elastic K+ K- photoproduction has been measured. Show less

We study the quantum phases driven by interaction in a semimetal with a quadratic band touching at the Fermi level. By combining the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), analytical power expanded Gibbs potential method, and the weak coupling renormalization group, we study a spinless fermion system on a checkerboard lattice at half-filling, which has a quadratic band touching in the absence of interaction. In the presence of strong nearest-neighbor (V-1) and next-nearest-neighbor (V-2... Show moreWe study the quantum phases driven by interaction in a semimetal with a quadratic band touching at the Fermi level. By combining the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG), analytical power expanded Gibbs potential method, and the weak coupling renormalization group, we study a spinless fermion system on a checkerboard lattice at half-filling, which has a quadratic band touching in the absence of interaction. In the presence of strong nearest-neighbor (V-1) and next-nearest-neighbor (V-2) interactions, we identify a site nematic insulator phase, a stripe insulator phase, and a phase separation region, in agreement with the phase diagram obtained analytically in the strong coupling limit (i.e., in the absence of fermion hopping). In the intermediate interaction regime we establish a quantum anomalous Hall phase in the DMRG as evidenced by the spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking and the appearance of a quantized Chern number C = 1. For weak interaction we utilize the power expanded Gibbs potential method that treats V-1 and V-2 on equal footing, as well as the weak coupling renormalization group. Our analytical results reveal that not only the repulsive V-1 interaction, but also the V-2 interaction (both repulsive and attractive), can drive the quantum anomalous Hall phase. We also determine the phase boundary in the V-1-V-2 plane that separates the semimetal from the quantum anomalous Hall state. Finally, we show that the nematic semimetal, which was proposed for vertical bar V-2 vertical bar >> V-1 at weak coupling in a previous study, is absent, and the quantum anomalous Hall state is the only weak coupling instability of the spinless quadratic band touching semimetal. Show less

Here, we present a mechanistically grounded theory detailing a novel function of the behavioral immune system (BIS), the psychological system that prompts pathogen avoidance behaviors. We propose that BIS activity allows the body to downregulate basal inflammation, preventing resultant oxidative damage to DNA and promoting longevity. Study 1 investigated the relationship between a trait measure of pathogen avoidance motivation and in vitro and in vivo proinflammatory cytokine production.... Show moreHere, we present a mechanistically grounded theory detailing a novel function of the behavioral immune system (BIS), the psychological system that prompts pathogen avoidance behaviors. We propose that BIS activity allows the body to downregulate basal inflammation, preventing resultant oxidative damage to DNA and promoting longevity. Study 1 investigated the relationship between a trait measure of pathogen avoidance motivation and in vitro and in vivo proinflammatory cytokine production. Study 2 examined the relationship between this same predictor and DNA damage often associated with prolonged inflammation. Results revealed that greater trait pathogen avoidance motivation predicts a) lower levels of spontaneous (but not stimulated) proinflammatory cytokine release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), b) lower plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), and c) lower levels of oxidative DNA damage. Thus, the BIS may promote health by protecting the body from the deleterious effects of inflammation and oxidative stress. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-20

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000445626400047, 10.1371/journal.pone.0203961

Format

Citation

Title

Observation Of Cyclotron Antiresonance In The Topological Insulator Bi2te3.

We report on the experimental observation of a cyclotron antiresonance in a canonical three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Te3. Magnetoreflectance response of single-crystal Bi2Te3 was studied in 18-T magnetic field, and compared to other topological insulators studied before, the main spectral feature is inverted. We refer to it as an antiresonance. In order to describe this unconventional behavior we propose the idea of an imaginary cyclotron resonance frequency, which on the other... Show moreWe report on the experimental observation of a cyclotron antiresonance in a canonical three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Te3. Magnetoreflectance response of single-crystal Bi2Te3 was studied in 18-T magnetic field, and compared to other topological insulators studied before, the main spectral feature is inverted. We refer to it as an antiresonance. In order to describe this unconventional behavior we propose the idea of an imaginary cyclotron resonance frequency, which on the other hand indicates that the form of the Lorentz force that magnetic field exerts on charge carriers takes an unconventional form. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-20

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000445173200003, 10.1103/PhysRevB.98.115138

Format

Citation

Title

The Cow: Discovery Of A Luminous, Hot, And Rapidly Evolving Transient.

We present the ATLAS discovery and initial analysis of the first 18 days of the unusual transient event, ATLAS18qqn/AT2018cow. It is characterized by a high peak luminosity (similar to 1.7 x 10(44) erg s(-1)),rapidly evolving light curves (>5 mag rise to peak in similar to 3.5 days), and hot blackbody spectra, peaking at similar to 27,000 K that are relatively featureless and unchanging over the first two weeks. The bolometric light curve cannot be powered by radioactive decay under realistic... Show moreWe present the ATLAS discovery and initial analysis of the first 18 days of the unusual transient event, ATLAS18qqn/AT2018cow. It is characterized by a high peak luminosity (similar to 1.7 x 10(44) erg s(-1)),rapidly evolving light curves (>5 mag rise to peak in similar to 3.5 days), and hot blackbody spectra, peaking at similar to 27,000 K that are relatively featureless and unchanging over the first two weeks. The bolometric light curve cannot be powered by radioactive decay under realistic assumptions. The detection of high-energy emission may suggest a central engine as the powering source. Using a magnetar model, we estimated an ejected mass of 0.1-0.4 M-circle dot, which lies between that of low-energy core-collapse events and the kilonova, AT2017gfo. The spectra cooled rapidly from 27,000 to 15,000 K in just over two weeks but remained smooth and featureless. Broad and shallow emission lines appear after about 20 days, and we tentatively identify them as He I although they would be redshifted from their rest wavelengths. We rule out that there are any features in the spectra due to intermediate mass elements up to and including the Fe group. The presence of r-process elements cannot be ruled out. If these lines are due to He, then we suggest a low-mass star with residual He as a potential progenitor. Alternatively, models of magnetars formed in neutron star mergers, or accretion onto a central compact object, give plausible matches to the data. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-20

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000444911400001, 10.3847/2041-8213/aadd90

Format

Citation

Title

Multi-stage Optimization Of A Deep Model: A Case Study On Ground Motion Modeling.

In this study, a multi-stage optimization procedure is proposed to develop deep neural network models which results in a powerful deep learning pipeline called intelligent deep learning (iDeepLe). The proposed pipeline is then evaluated by a challenging real-world problem, the modeling of the spectral acceleration experienced by a particle during earthquakes. This approach has three main stages to optimize the deep model topology, the hyper-parameters, and its performance, respectively. This... Show moreIn this study, a multi-stage optimization procedure is proposed to develop deep neural network models which results in a powerful deep learning pipeline called intelligent deep learning (iDeepLe). The proposed pipeline is then evaluated by a challenging real-world problem, the modeling of the spectral acceleration experienced by a particle during earthquakes. This approach has three main stages to optimize the deep model topology, the hyper-parameters, and its performance, respectively. This pipeline optimizes the deep model via adaptive learning rate optimization algorithms for both accuracy and complexity in multiple stages, while simultaneously solving the unknown parameters of the regression model. Among the seven adaptive learning rate optimization algorithms, Nadam optimization algorithm has shown the best performance results in the current study. The proposed approach is shown to be a suitable tool to generate solid models for this complex real-world system. The results also show that the parallel pipeline of iDeepLe has the capacity to handle big data problems as well. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-19

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000445164300050, 10.1371/journal.pone.0203829

Format

Citation

Title

Fixed Point Theorems For A Class Of Nonlinear Sum-type Operators And Application In A Fractional Differential Equation.

Creator

Wang, Hui, Zhang, Lingling, Wang, Xiaoqiang

Abstract/Description

In this paper, we consider the fixed point for a class of nonlinear sum-type operators 'A +B+ C' on an ordered Banach space, where A, B are two mixed monotone operators, C is an increasing operator. Without assuming the existence of upper-lower solutions or compactness or continuity conditions, we prove the unique existence of a positive fixed point and also construct two iterative schemes to approximate it. As applications, we research a nonlinear fractional differential equation with multi... Show moreIn this paper, we consider the fixed point for a class of nonlinear sum-type operators 'A +B+ C' on an ordered Banach space, where A, B are two mixed monotone operators, C is an increasing operator. Without assuming the existence of upper-lower solutions or compactness or continuity conditions, we prove the unique existence of a positive fixed point and also construct two iterative schemes to approximate it. As applications, we research a nonlinear fractional differential equation with multi-point fractional boundary conditions. By using the obtained fixed point theorems of sum-type operator, we get the sufficient conditions which guarantee the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions. At last, a specific example is provided to illustrate our result. Show less

A variety of de novo and inherited missense mutations associated with neurological disorders are found in the NMDA receptor M4 transmembrane helices, which are peripheral to the pore domain in eukaryotic ionotropic glutamate receptors. Subsets of these mutations affect receptor gating with dramatic effects, including in one instance halting it, occurring at a conserved glycine near the extracellular end of M4. Functional experiments and molecular dynamic simulations of constructs with and... Show moreA variety of de novo and inherited missense mutations associated with neurological disorders are found in the NMDA receptor M4 transmembrane helices, which are peripheral to the pore domain in eukaryotic ionotropic glutamate receptors. Subsets of these mutations affect receptor gating with dramatic effects, including in one instance halting it, occurring at a conserved glycine near the extracellular end of M4. Functional experiments and molecular dynamic simulations of constructs with and without substitutions at this glycine indicate that it acts as a hinge, permitting the intracellular portion of the ion channel to laterally expand. This expansion stabilizes long-lived open states leading to slow deactivation and high Ca2+ permeability. Our studies provide a functional and structural framework for the effect of missense mutations on NMDARs at central synapses and highlight how the M4 segment may represent a pathway for intracellular modulation of NMDA receptor function. Show less

We present time-integrated four-wave mixing measurements on monolayer MoSe2 in magnetic fields up to 25 T. The experimental data together with time-dependent density function theory calculations provide interesting insights into the biexciton formation and dynamics. In the presence of magnetic fields the coherence at negative and positive time delays is dominated by intervalley biexcitons. We demonstrate that magnetic fields can serve as a control to enhance the biexciton formation and help... Show moreWe present time-integrated four-wave mixing measurements on monolayer MoSe2 in magnetic fields up to 25 T. The experimental data together with time-dependent density function theory calculations provide interesting insights into the biexciton formation and dynamics. In the presence of magnetic fields the coherence at negative and positive time delays is dominated by intervalley biexcitons. We demonstrate that magnetic fields can serve as a control to enhance the biexciton formation and help search for more exotic states of matter, including the creation of multiple exciton complexes and excitonic condensates. Show less

Higher-order correlated excitonic states arise from the mutual interactions of excitons, which generally requires a significant exciton density and therefore high excitation levels. Here, we report the emergence of two biexcitons species, one neutral and one charged, in monolayer tungsten diselenide under moderate continuous-wave excitation. The efficient formation of biexcitons is facilitated by the long lifetime of the dark exciton state associated with a spin-forbidden transition, as well... Show moreHigher-order correlated excitonic states arise from the mutual interactions of excitons, which generally requires a significant exciton density and therefore high excitation levels. Here, we report the emergence of two biexcitons species, one neutral and one charged, in monolayer tungsten diselenide under moderate continuous-wave excitation. The efficient formation of biexcitons is facilitated by the long lifetime of the dark exciton state associated with a spin-forbidden transition, as well as improved sample quality from encapsulation between hexagonal boron nitride layers. From studies of the polarization and magnetic field dependence of the neutral biexciton, we conclude that this species is composed of a bright and a dark excitons residing in opposite valleys in momentum space. Our observations demonstrate that the distinctive features associated with biexciton states can be accessed at low light intensities and excitation densities. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-13

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000444494800002, 10.1038/s41467-018-05917-8

Format

Citation

Title

Revealing The Biexciton And Trion-exciton Complexes In Bn Encapsulated Wse2.

Strong Coulomb interactions in single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) result in the emergence of strongly bound excitons, trions, and biexcitons. These excitonic complexes possess the valley degree of freedom, which can be exploited for quantum optoelectronics. However, in contrast to the good understanding of the exciton and trion properties, the binding energy of the biexciton remains elusive, with theoretical calculations and experimental studies reporting discrepant results.... Show moreStrong Coulomb interactions in single-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) result in the emergence of strongly bound excitons, trions, and biexcitons. These excitonic complexes possess the valley degree of freedom, which can be exploited for quantum optoelectronics. However, in contrast to the good understanding of the exciton and trion properties, the binding energy of the biexciton remains elusive, with theoretical calculations and experimental studies reporting discrepant results. In this work, we resolve the conflict by employing low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy to identify the biexciton state in BN-encapsulated single-layer WSe2. The biexciton state only exists in charge-neutral WSe2, which is realized through the control of efficient electrostatic gating. In the lightly electron-doped WSe2, one free electron binds to a biexciton and forms the trion-exciton complex. Improved understanding of the biexciton and trion-exciton complexes paves the way for exploiting the many-body physics in TMDs for novel optoelectronics applications. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-13

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000444494800003, 10.1038/s41467-018-05863-5

Format

Citation

Title

Bias Caused By Sampling Error In Meta-analysis With Small Sample Sizes.

Creator

Lin, Lifeng

Abstract/Description

Background Meta-analyses frequently include studies with small sample sizes. Researchers usually fail to account for sampling error in the reported within-study variances; they model the observed study-specific effect sizes with the within-study variances and treat these sample variances as if they were the true variances. However, this sampling error may be influential when sample sizes are small. This article illustrates that the sampling error may lead to substantial bias in meta-analysis... Show moreBackground Meta-analyses frequently include studies with small sample sizes. Researchers usually fail to account for sampling error in the reported within-study variances; they model the observed study-specific effect sizes with the within-study variances and treat these sample variances as if they were the true variances. However, this sampling error may be influential when sample sizes are small. This article illustrates that the sampling error may lead to substantial bias in meta-analysis results. Methods We conducted extensive simulation studies to assess the bias caused by sampling error. Meta-analyses with continuous and binary outcomes were simulated with various ranges of sample size and extents of heterogeneity. We evaluated the bias and the confidence interval coverage for five commonly-used effect sizes (i.e., the mean difference, standardized mean difference, odds ratio, risk ratio, and risk difference). Results Sampling error did not cause noticeable bias when the effect size was the mean difference, but the standardized mean difference, odds ratio, risk ratio, and risk difference suffered from this bias to different extents. The bias in the estimated overall odds ratio and risk ratio was noticeable even when each individual study had more than 50 samples under some settings. Also, Hedges' g, which is a bias-corrected estimate of the standardized mean difference within studies, might lead to larger bias than Cohen's d in meta-analysis results. Conclusions Cautions are needed to perform meta-analyses with small sample sizes. The reported within-study variances may not be simply treated as the true variances, and their sampling error should be fully considered in such meta-analyses. Show less

We report an extraordinary pressure dependence of the magnetic interactions in the metal-organic system [CuF2(H2O)(2)](2) pyrazine. At zero pressure, this material realizes a quasi-two-dimensional spin-1/2 squarelattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. By high-pressure, high-field susceptibility measurements we show that the dominant exchange parameter is reduced continuously by a factor of 2 on compression. Above 18 kbar, a phase transition occurs, inducing an orbital re-ordering that switches... Show moreWe report an extraordinary pressure dependence of the magnetic interactions in the metal-organic system [CuF2(H2O)(2)](2) pyrazine. At zero pressure, this material realizes a quasi-two-dimensional spin-1/2 squarelattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. By high-pressure, high-field susceptibility measurements we show that the dominant exchange parameter is reduced continuously by a factor of 2 on compression. Above 18 kbar, a phase transition occurs, inducing an orbital re-ordering that switches the dimensionality, transforming the quasi-two-dimensional lattice into weakly coupled chains. We explain the microscopic mechanisms for both phenomena by combining detailed x-ray and neutron diffraction studies with quantitative modeling using spin-polarized density functional theory. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-11

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000444586600017, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.117201

Format

Citation

Title

A Complete Census Of Luminous Stellar Variability On Day To Decade Timescales.

Stellar photometric variability offers a novel probe of the interior structure and evolutionary state of stars. Here we present a census of stellar variability on day to decade timescales across the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) for 73,000 stars brighter than M-1,M-814 = 5 in the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51). Our Cycle 24 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) program acquired V-606- and I-814-band images over 34 epochs spanning 1 year with pseudo-random cadences enabling sensitivity to periods from days to... Show moreStellar photometric variability offers a novel probe of the interior structure and evolutionary state of stars. Here we present a census of stellar variability on day to decade timescales across the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) for 73,000 stars brighter than M-1,M-814 = 5 in the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51). Our Cycle 24 Hubble Space Telescope (HST) program acquired V-606- and I-814-band images over 34 epochs spanning 1 year with pseudo-random cadences enabling sensitivity to periods from days to months. We supplement these data with archival V-and I-band HST data obtained in 1995 and 2005, providing sensitivity to variability on decade timescales. At least 50% of stars brighter than M-1,M-814 = -7 show strong evidence for variability within our Cycle 24 data; among stars with V-606 - I-814 > 2 the variability fraction rises to approximate to 100%. Large amplitude variability (>0.3 mag) on decade timescales is restricted to red supergiants (RSGs) and very luminous blue stars. Both populations display fairly smooth variability on month-year timescales. The Cepheid instability strip is clearly visible in our data, although the variability fraction within this region never exceeds approximate to 10%. The location of variable stars across the CMD broadly agrees with theoretical sources of variability, including the instability strip, RSG pulsational instabilities, long-period fundamental mode pulsations, and radiation-dominated envelopes in massive stars. Our data can be used to place stringent constraints on the precise onset of these various instabilities and their lifetimes and growth rates. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-10

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000443836000011, 10.3847/1538-4357/aad460

Format

Citation

Title

The Brontës in the World: Creating a Digital Bibliography to Expand Access to Single-Language Sources.

Creator

Pascoe, Judith, Hunter, Matthew Eric

Abstract/Description

This poster outlines our experience with using Zotero, a free and open-source citation management tool, to make Japanese translations and adaptations of Emily Brontë’s classic novel Wuthering Heights more accessible to scholars and fans who do not have command of Japanese. Leading this project are Professor Judith Pascoe, the George Mills Harper Professor of English at Florida State University (FSU), and Matthew Hunter, the Digital Scholarship Technologist at FSU Libraries. Prof. Pascoe’s... Show moreThis poster outlines our experience with using Zotero, a free and open-source citation management tool, to make Japanese translations and adaptations of Emily Brontë’s classic novel Wuthering Heights more accessible to scholars and fans who do not have command of Japanese. Leading this project are Professor Judith Pascoe, the George Mills Harper Professor of English at Florida State University (FSU), and Matthew Hunter, the Digital Scholarship Technologist at FSU Libraries. Prof. Pascoe’s research interests include Romantic-era literature and cross-cultural adaptation. Mr. Hunter’s work centers on applications of emerging technology in humanities scholarship and pedagogy. “The Brontës in the World” is the first iteration of a collaborative, multidisciplinary project carried out by undergraduate researchers at Florida State University under the direction of Pascoe and Hunter. The work is enabled by a partnership with the FSU Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (UROP), which encourages undergraduate students to discover and explore their own research interests with mentorship from university faculty. We designed this project to build on Pascoe’s Brontë research, but also allow undergraduate researchers to track the Brontës’ legacy in a variety of cultural contexts. Although we have focused on the Brontës in Japan for this first iteration, the project will develop in keeping with the foreign language strengths and particular research interests of subsequent generations of student researchers. We chose Zotero as the vehicle for this project because of its ability to gather, organize, and augment bibliographic metadata. Especially as compared to other citation management platforms, Zotero allows users to freely draw on and reconfigure open source bibliographic data. We set out to compile and enrich open data culled from library catalogs and catalog aggregator sources, such as OCLC’s WorldCat and the National Diet Library Search. We do so in order to create a new contact point for enriched bibliographic data which illuminates how Western literature has been transformed through translation and adaptation in non-Western contexts, and which makes information about these adaptations more broadly accessible. Our poster also outlines how Zotero functions as a pedagogical tool useful for interrogating digital scholarship methodologies. In producing this bibliography, we have been forced to grapple with how bibliographic structures fail to accommodate non-Western cultural markers. For example, our students have noticed that some adaptations’ multiple creator roles (artists, editors, directors, storyline adapters, inkers, etc.) are not reflected in “standard” bibliographic categories, and that non-Western naming conventions are often not easily represented. Together with our students, we are also engaging with Zotero as a hermeneutic device that helps us think about the organizational structures imposed by current cataloguing systems. As our research team adds bespoke tagged and relational data to our library, we see how connections among our sources enable some forms of relationship-building but delimit others. In other words, tagging is meaning-making. As we have interacted with this tool, we and our students have, by necessity, questioned the ways in which we access and compartmentalize knowledge. Our poster then summarizes our experience using a Zotero bibliography as a teaching tool, a research activity, and a mode of scholarly humanistic inquiry into digital hermeneutics. “The Brontës in the World” stands as an effort to illuminate the transmission of the Brontës’ work, but also as a meditation on data organization that, we hope, will fuel conversations in the international DH community about the affordances and limitations of current resource management infrastructure. We are happy to share how Zotero, nominally a citation management tool, has served as the foundation for both our research and pedagogy. It has allowed us to build a database that will serve researchers interested in translation and adaptation studies, and to establish a hub for ongoing student explorations of data collection and citation practice. To supplement the poster presentation, we provide an illustrated two-language (English and Japanese) handout that highlights our discoveries and future plans. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-09

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1537802286_cca1b799

Format

Citation

Title

Integrative Analysis Of Lncrnas In Th17 Cell Lineage To Discover New Potential Biomarkers And Therapeutic Targets In Autoimmune Diseases.

Th17 cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Despite the extensive investigation into this T cell lineage, little is understood regarding the role of Th17 lineage-specific lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) > 200 nt. lncRNAs may influence disease through a variety of mechanisms; their expression could be regulated by SNPs. lncRNAs can... Show moreTh17 cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Despite the extensive investigation into this T cell lineage, little is understood regarding the role of Th17 lineage-specific lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) > 200 nt. lncRNAs may influence disease through a variety of mechanisms; their expression could be regulated by SNPs. lncRNAs can also affect the expression of neighboring genes or complementary miRNAs, and their expression may have lineage-specific patterns. In the system biology study presented here, the effective lncRNAs from different criteria were predicted for each autoimmune disease, and we then evaluated their expression levels in 50 MS patients compared to 25 controls using qRT-PCR. We identified changes in the expression levels of AL450992.2, AC009948.5, and RP11-98D18.3 as potential peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) biomarkers for MS among our studied lncRNAs in which co-expression analysis of AL450992.2 had the most AUCs, and the relationship to RORC was also assessed. We propose that the recurrently deregulated lncRNAs identified in this report could provide a valuable resource for studies aimed at delineating the relationship between functional lncRNAs and autoimmune disorders. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-07

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000443860200034, 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.05.022

Format

Citation

Title

Spatiotemporal Variability Of No2 And Pm2.5 Over Eastern China: Observational And Model Analyses With A Novel Statistical Method.

Eastern China (27-41 degrees N, 110-123 degrees E) is heavily polluted by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), and other air pollutants. These pollutants vary on a variety of temporal and spatial scales, with many temporal scales that are nonperiodic and nonstationary, challenging proper quantitative characterization and visualization. This study uses a newly compiled EOF-EEMD analysis visualization package to evaluate the spatiotemporal... Show moreEastern China (27-41 degrees N, 110-123 degrees E) is heavily polluted by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), and other air pollutants. These pollutants vary on a variety of temporal and spatial scales, with many temporal scales that are nonperiodic and nonstationary, challenging proper quantitative characterization and visualization. This study uses a newly compiled EOF-EEMD analysis visualization package to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of ground-level NO2, PM2.5, and their associations with meteorological processes over Eastern China in fall-winter 2013. Applying the package to observed hourly pollutant data reveals a primary spatial pattern representing Eastern China synchronous variation in time, which is dominated by diurnal variability with a much weaker day-to-day signal. A secondary spatial mode, representing north-south opposing changes in time with no constant period, is characterized by wind-related dilution or a buildup of pollutants from one day to another. We further evaluate simulations of nested GEOS-Chem v9-02 and WRF/CMAQ v5.0.1 in capturing the spatiotemporal variability of pollutants. GEOS-Chem underestimates NO2 by about 17 mu g m(-3) and PM2.5 by 35 mu g m(-3 )on average over fall-winter 2013. It reproduces the diurnal variability for both pollutants. For the day-to-day variation, GEOS-Chem reproduces the observed north-south contrasting mode for both pollutants but not the Eastern China synchronous mode (especially for NO2). The model errors are due to a first model layer too thick (about 130 m) to capture the near-surface vertical gradient, deficiencies in the nighttime nitrogen chemistry in the first layer, and missing secondary organic aerosols and anthropogenic dust. CMAQ overestimates the diurnal cycle of pollutants due to too-weak boundary layer mixing, especially in the nighttime, and overestimates NO2 by about 30 mu g m(-3) and PM2.5 by 60 mu g m(-3). For the day-to-day variability, CMAQ reproduces the observed Eastern China synchronous mode but not the north-south opposing mode of NO2. Both models capture the day-to-day variability of PM2.5 better than that of NO2. These results shed light on model improvement. The EOF-EEMD package is freely available for noncommercial uses. Show less

Peatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation... Show morePeatlands represent large terrestrial carbon banks. Given that most peat accumulates in boreal regions, where low temperatures and water saturation preserve organic matter, the existence of peat in (sub)tropical regions remains enigmatic. Here we examined peat and plant chemistry across a latitudinal transect from the Arctic to the tropics. Near-surface low-latitude peat has lower carbohydrate and greater aromatic content than near-surface high-latitude peat, creating a reduced oxidation state and resulting recalcitrance. This recalcitrance allows peat to persist in the (sub)tropics despite warm temperatures. Because we observed similar declines in carbohydrate content with depth in high-latitude peat, our data explain recent field-scale deep peat warming experiments in which catotelm (deeper) peat remained stable despite temperature increases up to 9 degrees C. We suggest that high-latitude deep peat reservoirs may be stabilized in the face of climate change by their ultimately lower carbohydrate and higher aromatic composition, similar to tropical peats. Show less

We develop and evaluate a method to estimate O-3 deposition and stomatal O-3 uptake across networks of eddy covariance flux tower sites where O-3 concentrations and O-3 fluxes have not been measured. The method combines standard micrometeorological flux measurements, which constrain O-3 deposition velocity and stomatal conductance, with a gridded dataset of observed surface O-3 concentrations. Measurement errors are propagated through all calculations to quantify O-3 flux uncertainties. We... Show moreWe develop and evaluate a method to estimate O-3 deposition and stomatal O-3 uptake across networks of eddy covariance flux tower sites where O-3 concentrations and O-3 fluxes have not been measured. The method combines standard micrometeorological flux measurements, which constrain O-3 deposition velocity and stomatal conductance, with a gridded dataset of observed surface O-3 concentrations. Measurement errors are propagated through all calculations to quantify O-3 flux uncertainties. We evaluate the method at three sites with O(3 )flux measurements: Harvard Forest, Blodgett Forest, and Hyytiala Forest. The method reproduces 83 % or more of the variability in daily stomatal uptake at these sites with modest mean bias (21 % or less). At least 95 % of daily average values agree with measurements within a factor of 2 and, according to the error analysis, the residual differences from measured O-3 fluxes are consistent with the uncertainty in the underlying measurements. The product, called synthetic O-3 flux or SynFlux, includes 43 FLUXNET sites in the United States and 60 sites in Europe, totaling 926 site years of data. This dataset, which is now public, dramatically expands the number and types of sites where O-3 fluxes can be used for ecosystem impact studies and evaluation of air quality and climate models. Across these sites, the mean stomatal conductance and O-3 deposition velocity is 0.03-1.0 cm s(-1). The stomatal O-3 flux during the growing season (typically April-September) is 0.5-11.0 nmol O-3 m(-2) s(-1) with a mean of 4.5 nmol O(3 )m(-2) s(-1) and the largest fluxes generally occur where stomatal conductance is high, rather than where O-3 concentrations are high. The conductance differences across sites can be explained by atmospheric humidity, soil moisture, vegetation type, irrigation, and land management. These stomatal fluxes suggest that ambient O-3 degrades biomass production and CO2 sequestration by 20 %-24 % at crop sites, 6 %-29 % at deciduous broadleaf forests, and 4 %-20 % at evergreen needleleaf forests in the United States and Europe. Show less

Background: Aging is characterized by loss of function of the adaptive immune system, but the underlying causes are poorly understood. To assess the molecular effects of aging on B cell development, we profiled gene expression and chromatin features genome-wide, including histone modifications and chromosome conformation, in bone marrow pro-B and pre-B cells from young and aged mice. Results: Our analysis reveals that the expression levels of most genes are generally preserved in B cell... Show moreBackground: Aging is characterized by loss of function of the adaptive immune system, but the underlying causes are poorly understood. To assess the molecular effects of aging on B cell development, we profiled gene expression and chromatin features genome-wide, including histone modifications and chromosome conformation, in bone marrow pro-B and pre-B cells from young and aged mice. Results: Our analysis reveals that the expression levels of most genes are generally preserved in B cell precursors isolated from aged compared with young mice. Nonetheless, age-specific expression changes are observed at numerous genes, including microRNA encoding genes. Importantly, these changes are underpinned by multi-layered alterations in chromatin structure, including chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, long-range promoter interactions, and nuclear compartmentalization. Previous work has shown that differentiation is linked to changes in promoter-regulatory element interactions. We find that aging in B cell precursors is accompanied by rewiring of such interactions. We identify transcriptional downregulation of components of the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway, in particular downregulation of Irs1 and upregulation of Let-7 microRNA expression, as a signature of the aged phenotype. These changes in expression are associated with specific alterations in H3K27me3 occupancy, suggesting that Polycomb-mediated repression plays a role in precursor B cell aging. Conclusions: Changes in chromatin and 3D genome organization play an important role in shaping the altered gene expression profile of aged precursor B cells. Components of the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways are key targets of epigenetic regulation in aging in bone marrow B cell precursors. Show less

Over the past two decades, the magnetic ground states of all rare-earth titanate pyrochlores have been extensively studied, with the exception of Sm2Ti2O7. This is, in large part, due to the very high absorption cross section of naturally occurring samarium, which renders neutron scattering infeasible. To combat this, we have grown a large, isotopically enriched single crystal of Sm2Ti2O7. Using inelastic neutron scattering, we determine that the crystal field ground state for Sm3+ is a... Show moreOver the past two decades, the magnetic ground states of all rare-earth titanate pyrochlores have been extensively studied, with the exception of Sm2Ti2O7. This is, in large part, due to the very high absorption cross section of naturally occurring samarium, which renders neutron scattering infeasible. To combat this, we have grown a large, isotopically enriched single crystal of Sm2Ti2O7. Using inelastic neutron scattering, we determine that the crystal field ground state for Sm3+ is a dipolar-octupolar doublet with Ising anisotropy. Neutron diffraction experiments reveal that Sm2Ti2O7 orders into the all-in, all-out magnetic structure with an ordered moment of 0.44(7)mu(B) below T-N = 0.35 K, consistent with expectations for antiferromagnetically coupled Ising spins on the pyrochlore lattice. Zero-field muon spin relaxation measurements reveal an absence of spontaneous oscillations and persistent spin fluctuations down to 0.03 K. The combination of the dipolar-octupolar nature of the Sm3+ moment, the all-in, all-out ordered state, and the low-temperature persistent spin dynamics make this material an intriguing candidate for moment fragmentation physics. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-05

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000443672100001, 10.1103/PhysRevB.98.100401

Format

Citation

Title

Flow Of Wormlike Micellar Fluids Around A Sharp Bend: Effects Of Branching And Shear-banding.

The flow of wormlike micellar solutions around a 90 degrees sharp microfluidic bend was studied using rheometry, flow visualization, and velocimetry. By carefully choosing the composition of the test solutions, all four combinations of linear or branched micelles and shear-banding or non-shear-banding solutions were accessed using four wormlike micellar solutions. The flow behavior of the solutions was examined in similar conditions of about 1 < Wi < 300 and 10(-6) < Re < 10(-2). When... Show moreThe flow of wormlike micellar solutions around a 90 degrees sharp microfluidic bend was studied using rheometry, flow visualization, and velocimetry. By carefully choosing the composition of the test solutions, all four combinations of linear or branched micelles and shear-banding or non-shear-banding solutions were accessed using four wormlike micellar solutions. The flow behavior of the solutions was examined in similar conditions of about 1 < Wi < 300 and 10(-6) < Re < 10(-2). When comparing the flow around the microbend of the two shearbanding solutions with the two non-shear-banding ones, the secondary flows showed distinct differences at about 10< Wi <100. Flow visualization showed that a steady lip vortex formed at the inner upstream corner of the microbend in the non-shear-banding solutions, while a lip (inner upstream corner) vortex and an outer corner vortex formed in the shear-banding solutions. On the other hand, when comparing the solutions with similar rheological characteristics but different micelle morphology (linear versus branched), no significant differences in the flow behavior were observed. These results suggest that shear-banding plays a central role in determining the secondary flow behavior around the microbend, while the effect of micelle morphology is minimal for wormlike micelle solutions. Additional particle tracking velocimetry measurements were carried out both upstream of and around the microbend. The resulting velocity profiles in the shear-banding solutions show marked disagreement with calculations based on the shear-rate-dependent apparent viscosity using the Carreau model. These results suggest that the shear-banding effect on the flow around the microbend could be correlated to the development of a "jetting" flow regime upstream of the bend, which could be a result of the nonmonotonic stress - shear rate relationship in shear-banding wormlike micellar solutions. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-04

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000443685600001, 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.093301

Format

Citation

Title

Intermittency Enhancement In Quantum Turbulence In Superfluid He-4.

Creator

Varga, Emil, Gao, Jian, Guo, Wei, Skrbek, Ladislav

Abstract/Description

Intermittency is a hallmark of turbulence, which exists not only in turbulent flows of classical viscous fluids but also in flows of quantum fluids such as superfluid He-4. Despite the established similarity between turbulence in classical fluids and quasiclassical turbulence in superfluid He-4, it has been predicted that intermittency in superfluid He-4 is temperature dependent and enhanced for certain temperatures, which is in striking contrasts to the nearly flow-independent intermittency... Show moreIntermittency is a hallmark of turbulence, which exists not only in turbulent flows of classical viscous fluids but also in flows of quantum fluids such as superfluid He-4. Despite the established similarity between turbulence in classical fluids and quasiclassical turbulence in superfluid He-4, it has been predicted that intermittency in superfluid He-4 is temperature dependent and enhanced for certain temperatures, which is in striking contrasts to the nearly flow-independent intermittency in classical turbulence. Experimental verification of this theoretical prediction is challenging since it requires well-controlled generation of quantum turbulence in He-4 and flow measurement tools with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here we report an experimental study of quantum turbulence generated by towing a grid through a stationary sample of superfluid He-4. The decaying turbulent quantum flow is probed by combining a recently developed He*(2) molecular tracer-line tagging velocimetry technique and a traditional second-sound attenuation method. We observe quasiclassical decays of turbulent kinetic energy in the normal fluid and of vortex line density in the superfluid component. For several time instants during the decay, we calculate the transverse velocity structure functions. Their scaling exponents, deduced using the extended self-similarity hypothesis, display nonmonotonic temperature-dependent intermittency enhancement, in excellent agreement with a recent theoretical and numerical study Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-04

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000443685600007, 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.094601

Format

Citation

Title

Social Media Use And Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Social networking (e.g., blogging and social networking website use) frequency among adolescents has increased exponentially in the last decade. An unfortunate by-product of increased communication via the Internet is cyberbullying; however, there is a paucity of longitudinal research exploring the relationships between social network use and cyberbullying in an adolescent sample. The current study used a three-wave longitudinal study of over 3000 (at Wave 1) Singaporean youth to examine... Show moreSocial networking (e.g., blogging and social networking website use) frequency among adolescents has increased exponentially in the last decade. An unfortunate by-product of increased communication via the Internet is cyberbullying; however, there is a paucity of longitudinal research exploring the relationships between social network use and cyberbullying in an adolescent sample. The current study used a three-wave longitudinal study of over 3000 (at Wave 1) Singaporean youth to examine whether the relationship between Wave 1 social network use and Wave 3 cyberbullying perpetration was mediated by an increase in Wave 2 development of positive cyberbullying attitudes. Results using structural equation modeling showed support for this hypotheses: Wave 1 social networking use predicted Wave 2 positive cyberbullying attitudes 2 years later. Finally, Wave 2 cyberbullying attitudes predicted Wave 3 cyberbullying perpetration 1 year later. Overall, these results suggest that social networking can be used to harm others through the development of positive cyberbullying attitudes-a link that has received very little empirical attention. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000444690200010, 10.1089/vio.2017.0047

Format

Citation

Title

Evaluating The Service Life Of Thermoplastic Pavement Markings: Stochastic Approach.

Creator

Chimba, Deo, Kidando, Emmanuel, Onyango, Mbakisya

Abstract/Description

The study applied the Markov chain (MC) model that uses a transition matrix to transmit the probability of monitored pavement markings being in one service life state then changing into another service life state over a time interval. The service life prediction by MC models were then compared with those from linear models, testing if there were any clear advantages of using one model over the other in terms of predicting longevity of the marking retroreflectivity. The retroreflectivity data... Show moreThe study applied the Markov chain (MC) model that uses a transition matrix to transmit the probability of monitored pavement markings being in one service life state then changing into another service life state over a time interval. The service life prediction by MC models were then compared with those from linear models, testing if there were any clear advantages of using one model over the other in terms of predicting longevity of the marking retroreflectivity. The retroreflectivity data were collected by monitoring the coefficient of dry retroreflective luminance for 2 years using a handheld retroreflectometer. Using the MC model, the study found that the pavement marking retroreflectivity (PMR) degradation follows an exponential curve trend whereby the degradation rates decrease as the time increases. Significant differences were found in the deterioration of the markings based on the colors (white or yellow) and line type (center, lane line, or edge line). White thermoplastic edge lines on two-lane roadways were found to have a better performance (low deterioration rates) compared with the same lines on four-lane highways. Based on the transition probability matrix (TPM), it was observed that retroreflectivity is in an excellent or good state for a short period of time(54% probability) but is in a fair or poor state for a longer time (92% probability), suggesting the trend has a higher degradation rate at the beginning and a lower rate near the failure state. Keeping the minimum failure states at 150 and 100 mcd/m(2)/lx for white and yellow markings, respectively, the service life of white markings was found to be approximately 4 years (49.5 months) and it was found to be about 2.4 years (29 months) for yellow markings. The MC model findings were compared with those obtained through linear regression, which showed that white thermoplastic pavement markings take approximately 3.5 years (42 months) to deteriorate to failure state level, while yellow thermoplastics take about 2.1 years (25 months). The study concluded that there is a clear difference between the prediction using MC models compared with linear models, with MC models being more cost effective in terms of maintenance and replacement scheduling due to a longer life prediction. (C) 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers. Show less

The end of the Napoleonic Wars ushered in a period of relative peace in Europe. The situation was far different across the Atlantic. There, 1815 marked a dramatic escalation of the war between Spain and its insurgent colonies, a war that would end a decade later in Latin American independence. But as 1815 drew to a close, the cause of Latin American independence appeared to be on the verge of total defeat. Within a couple of years, however, the insurgents had regained the initiative and begun... Show moreThe end of the Napoleonic Wars ushered in a period of relative peace in Europe. The situation was far different across the Atlantic. There, 1815 marked a dramatic escalation of the war between Spain and its insurgent colonies, a war that would end a decade later in Latin American independence. But as 1815 drew to a close, the cause of Latin American independence appeared to be on the verge of total defeat. Within a couple of years, however, the insurgents had regained the initiative and begun the continent-spanning campaigns that would ultimately end Europe's oldest and largest overseas empire. This article examines one of the factors in the sudden revival of insurgent fortunes : the massive importation of weapons from demobilized Europe. These not only armed the troops of Bolivar and San Martin, but, perhaps more importantly, helped generate mass political support by the insurgency by lending it a new sense of credibility. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000444969400009

Format

Citation

Title

Statistical Shape Analysis Of Simplified Neuronal Trees.

Creator

Duncan, Adam, Klassen, Eric, Srivastava, Anuj

Abstract/Description

Neuron morphology plays a central role in characterizing cognitive health and functionality of brain structures. The problem of quantifying neuron shapes and capturing statistical variability of shapes is difficult because neurons differ both in geometry and in topology. This paper develops a mathematical representation of neuronal trees, restricting to the trees that consist of: (1) a main branch viewed as a parameterized curve in R-3, and (2) some number of secondary branches-also... Show moreNeuron morphology plays a central role in characterizing cognitive health and functionality of brain structures. The problem of quantifying neuron shapes and capturing statistical variability of shapes is difficult because neurons differ both in geometry and in topology. This paper develops a mathematical representation of neuronal trees, restricting to the trees that consist of: (1) a main branch viewed as a parameterized curve in R-3, and (2) some number of secondary branches-also parameterized curves in R-3-which emanate from the main branch at arbitrary points. It imposes a metric on the representation space, in order to compare neuronal shapes, and to obtain optimal deformations (geodesics) across arbitrary trees. The key idea is to impose certain equivalence relations that allow trees with different geometries and topologies to be compared efficiently. The combinatorial problem of matching side branches across trees is reduced to a linear assignment with well-known efficient solutions. This framework is then applied to comparing, clustering, and classifying neurons using fully automated algorithms. The framework is illustrated on three datasets of neuron reconstructions, specifically showing geodesics paths and cross-validated classification between experimental groups. Show less

The giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera forms subtidal forests on shallow reefs in temperate regions of the world. It is one of the fastest-growing multicellular autotrophs on Earth and its high productivity supports diverse marine food webs. In 2008, we published a method for estimating biomass and net primary production (NPP) of giant kelp along with five years of data, to provide a more integrated measure of NPP than those yielded by previous methods. Our method combines monthly field... Show moreThe giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera forms subtidal forests on shallow reefs in temperate regions of the world. It is one of the fastest-growing multicellular autotrophs on Earth and its high productivity supports diverse marine food webs. In 2008, we published a method for estimating biomass and net primary production (NPP) of giant kelp along with five years of data, to provide a more integrated measure of NPP than those yielded by previous methods. Our method combines monthly field measurements of standing crop and loss rates with a model of kelp biomass dynamics to estimate instantaneous mass-specific growth rates and NPP for each season of each year. We have since improved our approach to account for several previously unresolved sources of biomass loss. These improvements have led to a near doubling of our prior estimates of growth and NPP. At our site with the most persistent stand of giant kelp, NPP averages similar to 5.2 kg dry mass.m(-2).yr(-1) and results from the rapid growth (similar to 3.5% per d) of a relatively small standing biomass (similar to 0.4 kg dry mass/m(2) on average) that turns over similar to 12 times annually. Here we provide revised estimates of seasonal biomass, growth, and NPP for the five years covered by our previous publication (2002-2006), along with more than a decade of additional data (2007-2017). We also present updated relationships for predicting giant kelp biomass and NPP from much more easily obtained measurements of frond density. These data can be used to understand the mechanisms that drive variation in giant kelp NPP at a wide range of temporal scales. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set other than citation of this Data Paper. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000443558200024, 10.1002/ecy.2440

Format

Citation

Title

Factors Affecting The Effectiveness Of Bioelectrochemical System Applications: Data Synthesis And Meta-analysis.

Creator

Li, Simeng, Chen, Gang

Abstract/Description

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are promising bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy/resource recovery. Unlike conventional fuel cells that are based on stable chemical reactions, these BESs are sensitive to environmental and operating conditions, such as temperature, pH, external resistance, etc. Substrate type, electrode material, and reactor configuration are also important factors affecting power generation in... Show moreMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are promising bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for simultaneous wastewater treatment and energy/resource recovery. Unlike conventional fuel cells that are based on stable chemical reactions, these BESs are sensitive to environmental and operating conditions, such as temperature, pH, external resistance, etc. Substrate type, electrode material, and reactor configuration are also important factors affecting power generation in MFCs and hydrogen production in MECs. In order to discuss the influence of these above factors on the performance of MFCs and MECs, this study analyzes published data via data synthesis and meta-analysis. The results revealed that domestic wastewater would be more suitable for treatment using MFCs or MECs, due to their lower toxicity for anode biofilms compared to swine wastewater and landfill leachate. The optimal temperature was 25-35 degrees C, optimal pH was 6-7, and optimal external resistance was 100-1000 Omega. Although systems using carbon cloth as the electrodes demonstrated better performance (due to carbon cloth's large surface area for microbial growth), the high prices of this material and other existing carbonaceous materials make it inappropriate for practical applications. To scale up and commercialize MFCs and MECs in the future, enhanced system performance and stability are needed, and could be possibly achieved with improved system designs. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000445206100005, 10.3390/batteries4030034

Format

Citation

Title

The Effects Of Using Mobile Devices On Student Achievement In Language Learning: A Meta-analysis.

Creator

Cho, Kyunghwa, Lee, Sungwoong, Joo, Min-Ho, Becker, Betsy Jane

Abstract/Description

The use of mobile technologies has recently received great attention in language learning. Most research evaluates the effects of employing mobile devices in language learning and explores the design of mobile-learning interventions that can maximize the benefits of new technologies. However, it is still unclear whether the use of mobile devices in language learning is more effective than other instructional approaches. It is also not clear whether the effects of mobile-device use vary in... Show moreThe use of mobile technologies has recently received great attention in language learning. Most research evaluates the effects of employing mobile devices in language learning and explores the design of mobile-learning interventions that can maximize the benefits of new technologies. However, it is still unclear whether the use of mobile devices in language learning is more effective than other instructional approaches. It is also not clear whether the effects of mobile-device use vary in different settings. Our meta-analysis will explore these questions about mobile technology use in language learning. Based on the specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 d-type effect sizes from 20 studies were calculated for the meta-analysis. We adopted the random-effects model, and the estimated average effect was 0.51 (se = 0.10). This is a moderate positive overall effect of using mobile devices on language acquisition and language-learning achievement. Moderator analyses under the mixed-effects model examined six features; effects varied significantly only by test type and source of the study. The overall effect and the effects of these moderators of mobile-device use on achievement in language learning are discussed. Show less

Gram-negative bacteria have become the main pathogens and cause serious clinical problems with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the slow discovery of new antimicrobial agents is unable to meet the need for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by drug-resistant strains. The interaction of L12 and L10 is essential for ribosomal function and protein synthesis. In this study, a yeast two-hybrid system was established to successfully detect the interaction between L12 and L10... Show moreGram-negative bacteria have become the main pathogens and cause serious clinical problems with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the slow discovery of new antimicrobial agents is unable to meet the need for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by drug-resistant strains. The interaction of L12 and L10 is essential for ribosomal function and protein synthesis. In this study, a yeast two-hybrid system was established to successfully detect the interaction between L12 and L10 proteins from gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, which allows us to screen compounds that specifically disrupt this interaction. With this system, we identified two compounds IMB-84 and IMB-87 that block L12-L10 interaction and show bactericidal activity against E. coli. We used glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays to demonstrate that these compounds disrupt L12-L10 interaction in vitro and the target of compounds was further confirmed by the overexpression of target proteins. Moreover, protein synthesis and elongation factor G-dependent GTPase activities are inhibited by two compounds. Therefore, we have identified two antibacterial agents that disrupt L12-L10 interaction by using yeast two-hybrid system. (C) 2018 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000445032400007, 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.006

Format

Citation

Title

Characterization Of The Icce Repea In Mammals Reveals An Evolutionary Relationship With The Dxz4 Macrosatellite Through Conserved Ctcf Binding Motifs.

Creator

Westervelt, Natalia, Chadwick, Brian P.

Abstract/Description

Appreciation is growing for how chromosomes are organized in three-dimensional space at interphase. Microscopic and high throughput sequence-based studies have established that the mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi) adopts an alternate conformation relative to the active X chromosome. The Xi is organized into several multi-megabase chromatin loops called superloops. At the base of these loops are superloop anchors, and in humans three of these anchors are composed of large tandem repeat DNA... Show moreAppreciation is growing for how chromosomes are organized in three-dimensional space at interphase. Microscopic and high throughput sequence-based studies have established that the mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi) adopts an alternate conformation relative to the active X chromosome. The Xi is organized into several multi-megabase chromatin loops called superloops. At the base of these loops are superloop anchors, and in humans three of these anchors are composed of large tandem repeat DNA that include DXZ4, Functional Intergenic Repeating RNA Element, and Inactive-X CTCF-binding Contact Element (ICCE). Each repeat contains a high density of binding sites for the architectural organization protein CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) which exclusively associates with the Xi allele in normal cells. Removal of DXZ4 from the Xi compromises proper folding of the chromosome. In this study, we report the characterization of the ICCE tandem repeat, for which very little is known. ICCE is embedded within an intron of the Nobody (NBDY) gene locus at Xp11.21. We find that primary DNA sequence conservation of ICCE is only retained in higher primates, but that ICCE orthologs exist beyond the primate lineage. Like DXZ4, what is conserved is organization of the underlying DNA into a large tandem repeat, physical location within the NBDY locus and conservation of short DNA sequences corresponding to specific CTCF and Yin Yang 1 binding motifs that correlate with female-specific DNA hypomethylation. Unlike DXZ4, ICCE is not common to all eutherian mammals. Analysis of certain ICCE CTCF motifs reveal striking similarity with the DXZ4 motif and support an evolutionary relationship between DXZ4 and ICCE. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000446102700004, 10.1093/gbe/evy176

Format

Citation

Title

Survey Of Multifidelity Methods In Uncertainty Propagation, Inference, And Optimization.

Creator

Peherstorfer, Benjamin, Willcox, Karen, Gunzburger, Max

Abstract/Description

In many situations across computational science and engineering, multiple computational models are available that describe a system of interest. These different models have varying evaluation costs and varying fidelities. Typically, a computationally expensive high-fidelity model describes the system with the accuracy required by the current application at hand, while lower-fidelity models are less accurate but computationally cheaper than the high-fidelity model. Outer-loop applications,... Show moreIn many situations across computational science and engineering, multiple computational models are available that describe a system of interest. These different models have varying evaluation costs and varying fidelities. Typically, a computationally expensive high-fidelity model describes the system with the accuracy required by the current application at hand, while lower-fidelity models are less accurate but computationally cheaper than the high-fidelity model. Outer-loop applications, such as optimization, inference, and uncertainty quantification, require multiple model evaluations at many different inputs, which often leads to computational demands that exceed available resources if only the high-fidelity model is used. This work surveys multifidelity methods that accelerate the solution of outer-loop applications by combining high-fidelity and low-fidelity model evaluations, where the low-fidelity evaluations arise from an explicit low-fidelity model (e.g., a simplified physics approximation, a reduced model, a data-fit surrogate) that approximates the same output quantity as the high-fidelity model. The overall premise of these multifidelity methods is that, low-fidelity models are leveraged for speedup while the high-fidelity model is kept in the loop to establish accuracy and/or convergence guarantees. We categorize multifidelity methods according to three classes of strategies: adaptation, fusion, and filtering. The paper reviews multifidelity methods in the outer-loop contexts of uncertainty propagation, inference, and Optimization. Show less

Date Issued

2018-09-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000441079500002, 10.1137/16M1082469

Format

Citation

Title

Psychometric report on the Knowledge for Teaching Elementary Fractions test administered to elementary educators in six states in spring 2017 (Research Report No. 2018-13).

Creator

Schoen, Robert C, Yang, Xiaotong, Paek, Insu

Abstract/Description

This report provides evidence of the substantive and structural validity of the Knowledge for Teaching Elementary Fractions Test. Field-test data were gathered with a sample of 241 elementary educators, including teachers, administrators, and instructional support personnel, in spring 2017, as part of a larger study involving a multisite cluster-randomized trial evaluation design to investigate the effects of lesson study and a fractions resource toolkit on classroom instruction and student... Show moreThis report provides evidence of the substantive and structural validity of the Knowledge for Teaching Elementary Fractions Test. Field-test data were gathered with a sample of 241 elementary educators, including teachers, administrators, and instructional support personnel, in spring 2017, as part of a larger study involving a multisite cluster-randomized trial evaluation design to investigate the effects of lesson study and a fractions resource toolkit on classroom instruction and student achievement in fractions. The web-based test was designed to measure mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT) in the domain of fractions at the elementary level. We found that the Knowledge for Teaching Elementary Fractions test measures a dominant factor, supporting unidimensionality in the data. The purpose, or intended use, of the Knowledge for Teaching Elementary Fractions (K-TEF) test data gathered in spring 2017 is to produce ability estimates that can be used to serve as the dependent variable in models estimating the effect of the intervention on teacher MKT, as well as to investigate MKT as a potential mediator of the effect of the program on students. Reliability, test-information, and item-discrimination estimates appear to fit the intended purpose of the test. Show less