About T-SQL

Transact-SQL is central to using SQL Server. All applications that communicate with an instance of SQL Server do so by sending Transact-SQL statements to the server, regardless of the user interface of the application.http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb510741.aspx

Download T-SQL

Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Express is a free, feature-rich edition of SQL Server that is ideal for learning, developing, powering desktop, web & small server applications, and for redistribution by ISVs. The SQL Server 2014 Express release includes the full version of SQL Server 2014 Management Studio instead of SQL Server 2014 Management Studio Express.http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn434042.aspx

Starting T-SQL

SQL Server Management Studio is not installed by default. If Management Studio is unavailable, install it by running Setup. Management Studio is not available with SQL Server Express. Management Studio Express is available as a free download from the Microsoft Download Center, but has a different user interface than is described in this tutorial.http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms166996.aspx

To open SQL Server Management Studio

On the Start menu, point to All Programs, point to Microsoft SQL Server 2014, and then click SQL Server Management Studio.

In the Connect to Server dialog box, verify the default settings, and then click Connect. To connect, the Server name box must contain the name of the computer where SQL Server is installed. If the Database Engine is a named instance, the Server name box should also contain the instance name in the format <computer_name>\<instance_name>.

Hello World!

Retrieves rows from the database and enables the selection of one or many rows or columns from one or many tables in SQL Server. The full syntax of the SELECT statement is complex, but the main clauses can be summarized as:
[ WITH <common_table_expression>]
SELECT select_list [ INTO new_table ]
[ FROM table_source ] [ WHERE search_condition ]
[ GROUP BY group_by_expression ]
[ HAVING search_condition ]
[ ORDER BY order_expression [ ASC | DESC ] ]
The UNION, EXCEPT and INTERSECT operators can be used between queries to combine or compare their results into one result set.http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms189499.aspx

Open SQL Server Management Studio

Click File, point to New, and then select Query with Current Connection

Type SELECT 'Hello World!'

Execute the script by pressing [F5]

"Hello World!"

Variables

Variables are declared in the body of a batch or procedure with the DECLARE statement and are assigned values by using either a SET or SELECT statement. Cursor variables can be declared with this statement and used with other cursor-related statements. After declaration, all variables are initialized as NULL, unless a value is provided as part of the declaration.http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms188927.aspx

Functions

Like functions in programming languages, SQL Server user-defined functions are routines that accept parameters, perform an action, such as a complex calculation, and return the result of that action as a value. The return value can either be a single scalar value or a result set.http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms191007.aspx

Attaching a Sample Database

RELEASE NOTESAbout this release
This release consolidates AdventureWorksDW databases for SQL Server 2012, 2008R2 and 2008 versions to one page. Each zip file contains an mdf database file and an ldf log file. This should make it easier to find and download AdventureWorksDW databases since all OLAP versions are on one page.http://msftdbprodsamples.codeplex.com/releases/view/93587

An AdventureWorksDW database can be installed by attaching the database, or using the CREATE DATABASE statement.To attach an AdventureWorks database