Walter Crawford Kelly, Jr. (August 25, 1913 – October 18, 1973), commonly known as Walt Kelly, was an American animator and cartoonist, best known for the comic stripPogo.[2][3] He began his animation career in 1936 at Walt Disney Studios, contributing to Pinocchio, Fantasia, and Dumbo. In 1941 Kelly transferred at the age of 28 to work at Dell Comics, where he created Pogo, which eventually became his platform for political and philosophical commentary.

Relocating to Southern California, he found a job at Walt Disney Productions as a storyboard artist and gag man on Donald Duck cartoons and other shorts, requesting a switch to the animation department in 1939. Starting over as an animator, Kelly became an assistant to noted Walt Disney animator Fred Moore and became close friends with Moore and Ward Kimball, one of Disney's Nine Old Men. Kelly and Kimball were so close that Kimball named his daughter Kelly Kimball in tribute.

Kelly worked for Disney from January 6, 1936, to September 12, 1941, contributing to Pinocchio, Fantasia, The Reluctant Dragon, and Dumbo. Kelly once stated that his salary at Disney averaged about $100 a week. During 1935 and 1936, his work also appeared in early comic books for what later became DC Comics.

Kelly's animation can be seen in Pinocchio when Mastro Geppetto is first seen inside Monstro the whale, fishing; in Fantasia when Bacchus is seen drunkenly riding a donkey during the Beethoven/"Pastoral Symphony" sequence; and in Dumbo of the ringmaster and during bits of the crows' sequence. His drawings are especially recognizable in The Reluctant Dragon of the little boy, and in the Mickey Mouse short The Little Whirlwind, when Mickey is running from the larger tornado (the tornado even blows a copy of The Bridgeport Post into Mickey's face).

During the 1941 animators strike, Kelly did not picket the studio, as has often been reported, but he took a leave of absence, pleading "family illness," to avoid choosing sides. Surviving correspondence between Kelly and his close friend and fellow animator Ward Kimball chronicles his ambivalence towards the highly-charged dispute. Kimball stated in an interview years later that Kelly felt creatively constricted in animation, a collective art form, and possibly over-challenged by the technical demands of the form, and he had been looking for a way out when the strike occurred.

Kelly never returned to the studio as an animator, but jobs adapting the studio's films Pinocchio and The Three Caballeros for Dell Comics, apparently the result of a recommendation from Walt Disney himself, led to a new and ultimately transitional career.

On May 25, 1960, Kelly wrote a letter to Walt Disney regarding his time at the studio:

Just in case I ever forgot to thank you, I'd like you to know that I, for one, have long appreciated the sort of training and atmosphere that you set up back there in the thirties. There were drawbacks as there are to everything, but it was an astounding experiment and experience as I look back on it. Certainly it was the only education I ever received and I hope I'm living up to a few of your hopes for other people.[5]

Kelly began a series of comic books based on fairy tales and nursery rhymes along with annuals celebrating Christmas and Easter for Dell Comics. Kelly seems to have written or co-written much of the material he drew for the comics; his unique touches are easily discernible. He also produced a series of stories based on the Our Gang film series, provided covers for Walt Disney's Comics and Stories, illustrated the aforementioned adaptations of two Disney animated features, drew stories featuring Raggedy Ann and Andy and Uncle Wiggily, wrote and drew a lengthy series of comic books promoting a bread company and featuring a character called "Peter Wheat", and did a series of pantomime (without dialogue) two-page stories featuring Roald Dahl's Gremlins for Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #34–41.[6] Kelly also then wrote, drew, and performed on children's records, children's books, and cereal boxes.

So highly regarded was his work that the introduction, likely written by Dell editor Oskar Lebeck, to Fairy Tale Parade #1 spoke of him as "the artist who drew all the wonderful pictures in this book."[7]

Although his health would not allow him to serve in the military,[8] during World War II, Kelly also worked in the Army's Foreign Language Unit illustrating manuals, including several on languages, one of his favorite topics. One manual depicted his friend Ward Kimball as a caveman.

This period saw the creation of Kelly's most famous character, Pogo, who first saw print in 1943 in Dell's Animal Comics. Pogo was almost unrecognizable in his initial appearance, resembling a real possum more closely than in his classic form.

Kelly's work with Dell continued well into the successful run of the newspaper strip in the early 1950s, ending after 16 issues of Pogo Possum (each with all-new material) in a dispute over the republication of Kelly's early Pogo and Albert stories in a comic book titled The Pogo Parade.

He returned to journalism as a political cartoonist after the war. In 1948, while serving as art director of the short-lived New York Star, Kelly began to produce a pen-and-ink daily comic strip featuring anthropomorphic animal characters that inhabited the Okefenokee Swamp in Georgia. The first Pogo strip appeared on October 4, 1948. After the New York Star folded on January 28, 1949, Kelly arranged for syndication through the Hall Syndicate, which relaunched the strip in May 1949. Kelly eventually arranged to acquire the copyright and ownership of the strip, which was then uncommon.

The Pogocomic strip was syndicated to newspapers for 26 years. The individual strips were collected into at least 20 books edited by Kelly. He received the Reuben Award for the series in 1951.

The principal characters were Pogo the Possum, Albert the Alligator, Churchy LaFemme (cf. Cherchez la femme), a turtle, Howland Owl, Beauregard (Houndog), Porkypine, and Miz Mamzelle Hepzibah, a French skunk. Kelly used the strip in part as a vehicle for his liberal and humanistic political and social views and satirized, among other things, Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-Communist demagogy (in the form of a shotgun-wielding badger named "Simple J. Malarkey") and the sectarian and dogmatic behavior of communists in the form of two comically doctrinaire cowbirds.[9]

The setting for Pogo and his friends was the Okefenokee Swamp. The Okefenokee Swamp Park near Waycross, Georgia, now has a building housing Walt Kelly's relocated studio and various Pogo memorabilia.

Additionally, Kelly illustrated The Glob, a children's book about the evolution of man written by John O'Reilly and published in 1952.

Kelly died in 1973 in Woodland Hills, California, from diabetes complications, following a long and debilitating illness that had cost him a leg. During his final illness, work on the strip had fallen to various assistants and occasionally reprints, and Kelly characteristically joked about returning to work as soon as he regrew the leg. He is sometimes listed as having been interred in the Cemetery of the Evergreens in Brooklyn, New York, but there is no grave for him there. He is believed to have been cremated.[10]

Pogo was continued by Kelly's widow, Selby, and various assistants until the summer of 1975. Reprint books continued in a steady stream, including a series reprinting several original books under a single cover according to various themes—romance, elections—that ran into the 1980s. In 1977, Gregg Press reprinted the first ten Pogo books in hardcover editions with dust jackets. In 1995 Jonas/Winter issued another ten Pogo titles in navy blue cloth editions.

In 1989 the Los Angeles Times attempted to revive the strip with other artists, including Kelly's two children, Carolyn and Peter, under the title Walt Kelly's Pogo. The new strip ran through the early 1990s. Also in 1989, Eclipse Books began publication of a hardcover series called Walt Kelly's Pogo and Albert collecting the early Dell Pogo comic book stories in color, starting with the characters' first appearance in 1943. The series reached four numbered volumes, with volumes two, three, and four subtitled At the Mercy of Elephants, Diggin' fo' Square Roots and Dreamin' of a Wide Catfish, respectively.

In 2003 Reaction Records reissued Kelly's 1956 album Songs of the Pogo on compact disc. The album features Kelly singing his own comic lyrics and nonsense verse to melodies written mostly by Norman Monath. Kelly wrote music to seven of the 30 songs, according to the printed song book. The disc also features the content of Kelly's later recordings, No! with Pogo and Can't! with Pogo, which were issued as children's 45 rpm record sets in 1969, with booklets written and illustrated by Kelly to accompany his recorded performances.

In February 2007 Fantagraphics Books announced that it would begin publication of The Complete Pogo, a projected 12‑volume series collecting the complete chronological run of daily and Sunday strips, to be overseen by Jeff Smith and Kelly's daughter Carolyn. The first volume in the series was scheduled to appear in October 2007 but was delayed, reportedly due to difficulty in locating early Sunday strips in complete form. It was finally released in October, 2011.[11]

In 2013 Hermes Press began reprinting the comic book series of Pogo that pre-dated the comic strip, originally published by Dell Comics.[12][13] The first two volumes were nominated for the 2015 Eisner Awards, and the third volume came out in late 2015; followed in 2016 by the fourth volume.[14] The fifth volume is slated for release in 2017.

Carolyn Kelly, having worked extensively on The Complete Pogo, died on April 9, 2017.[15]

1.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland

2.
Woodland Hills, California
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Woodland Hills is a neighborhood bordering the Santa Monica Mountains in the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. Woodland Hills is an affluent neighborhood in the region of the San Fernando Valley which is located east of Calabasas. On the north it is bordered by West Hills, Canoga Park, and Winnetka, some neighborhoods are in the foothills of the Santa Monica Mountains. Running east–west through the community are U. S. Route 101 and Ventura Boulevard, the first Europeans to enter the San Fernando Valley were the Portola Expedition in 1769, exploring Alta California for Spanish missions and settlements locations. Seeing it from present-day Sepulveda Pass, the oak savanna inspired them to call the area El Valle de Santa Catalina de Bononia de Los Encinos, the Mission San Fernando Rey de España was established in 1797 and controlled the Valleys land, including future Woodland Hills. Ownership of the half of the valley, south of present-day Roscoe Boulevard from Toluca Lake to Woodland Hills. Moses Sherman and others in 1910, victor Girard Kleinberger bought 2,886 acres in the area from Chandlers group and founded the town of Girard in 1922. He sought to attract residents and businesses by developing an infrastructure, advertising in newspapers and his 300 pepper trees formed a canopy over Canoga Ave. between Ventura Boulevard and Saltillo St. became Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #93 in 1972. The community of Girard was eventually incorporated into Los Angeles, Woodland Hills has a firmly subtropical mediterranean climate. Within the San Fernando Valley, Woodland Hills generally experiences some of the extreme temperature changes season to season than other regions. During the summer, temperatures are very hot, while during the winter. On July 22,2006, Woodland Hills recorded the highest temperature ever in Los Angeles County, the climate is classified as a Csa in the Köppen climate classification, which is characterized by mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. This climate is referred to as mediterranean. Precipitation in Woodland Hills averages much the same as most other regions of the west San Fernando Valley, in 2008 the population of Woodland Hills was approximately 63,000. The median age in 2000 was 40, considered old when compared to city and county jurisdictions. As of the 2000 census, and according to the Los Angeles Almanac, there were 67,006 people and 29,119 households residing in Woodland Hills. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 79. 90% White,6. 97% Asian,0. 13% Pacific Islander,3. 34% African American,0. 33% Native American,4. 80% from other races, and 4. 52% from two or more races. 11. 94% of the population were Hispanic of any race, in population, it is one of the least dense neighborhoods in Los Angeles, and the percentage of white people is high for the county

3.
Animator
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An animator is an artist who creates multiple images, known as frames, which give an illusion of movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence. Animators can work in a variety of fields including film, television, Animation is closely related to filmmaking and like filmmaking is extremely labor-intensive, which means that most significant works require the collaboration of several animators. The methods of creating the images or frames for an animation piece depends on the artistic styles. Other artists who contribute to animated cartoons, but who are not animators, include layout artists, storyboard artists, in hand-drawn Japanese animation productions, such as in Hayao Miyazakis films, the key animator handles both layout and key animation. Some animators in Japan such as Mitsuo Iso take full responsibility for their scenes, one important distinction is between character animators and special effects animators. Usually, a young artist seeking to break into animation is hired for the first time in one of these categories, historically, the creation of animation was a long and arduous process. Each frame of a scene was hand-drawn, then transposed onto celluloid. These finished cels were placed together in sequence over painted backgrounds and filmed. Animation methods have become far more varied in recent years, todays cartoons could be created using any number of interesting methods, mostly using computers to make the animation process cheaper and faster. These more efficient animation procedures have made the job less tedious. Audiences generally find animation to be more interesting with sound. Voice actors and musicians, among other talent, may contribute vocal or music tracks, some early animated films asked the vocal and music talent to synchronize their recordings to already-extant animation. Nowadays, visual development artists will design a character as a 2D drawing or painting, texture artists paint the character with colorful or complex textures, and technical directors set up rigging so that the character can be easily moved and posed. For each scene, layout artists set up cameras and rough blocking. Despite those constraints, the animator is still capable of exercising significant artistic skill, more recently, Chris Buck has remarked that animators have become actors with mice. Some studios bring in acting coaches on feature films to help work through such issues. Each finished film clip is then checked for quality and rushed to a film editor, Animation Computer animation Computer graphics Key frame Sweat box Animation Toolworks Glossary, Who Does What In Animation How An Animated Cartoon Is Made

4.
Cartoonist
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A cartoonist is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons. This work is created for entertainment, political commentary, or advertising. The English satirist and editorial cartoonist William Hogarth, who emerged In the 18th century, has credited with pioneering Western sequential art. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic series of pictures called modern moral subjects. Much of his work poked fun at politics and customs. Gillray explored the use of the medium for lampooning and caricature, calling the king, prime ministers and generals to account, while never a professional cartoonist, Benjamin Franklin is credited with having the first cartoon published in an American newspaper. In the 19th century, professional cartoonists such as Thomas Nast introduced other familiar American political symbols, during the 20th century, numerous magazines carried single-panel gag cartoons by such freelance cartoonists as Charles Addams, Irwin Caplan, Chon Day, Clyde Lamb, and John Norment. These were almost always published in black and white, although Colliers often carried cartoons in color, the debut of Playboy introduced full-page color cartoons by Jack Cole, Eldon Dedini, and others. Single-panel cartoonists syndicated to newspapers included Dave Breger, Hank Ketcham, George Lichty, Fred Neher, Irving Phillips, comic strips received widespread distribution to mainstream newspapers by syndicates such as the Universal Press Syndicate, United Media, or King Features. Sunday strips go to a company such as American Color before they are published. Some comic strip creators publish in the press or on the Internet. Comic strip artists may also work in book-length form, creating graphic novels. Both vintage and current strips receive reprints in book collections, the major comic book publishers utilize teams of cartoonists to produce the art. When a consistent artistic style is wanted among different cartoonists, character model sheets may be used as reference, animated cartooning is created for short films, advertising, feature films and television. It is also used in live-action films for dream sequences or opening titles. An animation artist is referred to as an animator rather than a cartoonist. They create motion pictures as well, Animation studios such as DreamWorks Animation, Pixar, Walt Disney Animation Studios, and Blue Sky Studios create CGI or computer-animated films that are more three-dimensional. There are many books of cartoons in both paperback and hardcover, such as the collections of cartoons from The New Yorker, prior to the 1960s, cartoons were mostly ignored by museums and art galleries

5.
Comic strip
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A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions. With the development of the internet, they began to online as web comics. There were more than 200 different comic strips and daily cartoon panels in American newspapers alone each day for most of the 20th century, Strips are written and drawn by a comics artist or cartoonist. As the name implies, comic strips can be humorous, starting in the late 1920s, comic strips expanded from their mirthful origins to feature adventure stories, as seen in Popeye, Captain Easy, Buck Rogers, Tarzan, and The Adventures of Tintin. Soap-opera continuity strips such as Judge Parker and Mary Worth gained popularity in the 1940s, all are called, generically, comic strips, though cartoonist Will Eisner has suggested that sequential art would be a better genre-neutral name. In the UK and the rest of Europe, comic strips are also serialized in comic book magazines, storytelling using a sequence of pictures has existed through history. One medieval European example in textile form is the Bayeux Tapestry, printed examples emerged in 19th-century Germany and in 18th-century England, where some of the first satirical or humorous sequential narrative drawings were produced. William Hogarths 18th century English cartoons include both narrative sequences, such as A Rakes Progress, and single panels, in China, with its traditions of block printing and of the incorporation of text with image, experiments with what became lianhuanhua date back to 1884. The first newspaper comic strips appeared in North America in the late 19th century, the Yellow Kid is usually credited as one of the first newspaper strips. However, the art form combining words and pictures developed gradually, swiss author and caricature artist Rodolphe Töpffer is considered the father of the modern comic strips. In 1865, German painter, author, and caricaturist Wilhelm Busch created the strip Max and Moritz, Max and Moritz provided an inspiration for German immigrant Rudolph Dirks, who created the Katzenjammer Kids in 1897. Familiar comic-strip iconography such as stars for pain, sawing logs for snoring, speech balloons, hugely popular, Katzenjammer Kids occasioned one of the first comic-strip copyright ownership suits in the history of the medium. When Dirks left William Randolph Hearst for the promise of a better salary under Joseph Pulitzer, it was an unusual move, in a highly unusual court decision, Hearst retained the rights to the name Katzenjammer Kids, while creator Dirks retained the rights to the characters. Hearst promptly hired Harold Knerr to draw his own version of the strip, Dirks renamed his version Hans and Fritz. Thus, two versions distributed by rival syndicates graced the pages for decades. Dirks version, eventually distributed by United Feature Syndicate, ran until 1979, in the United States, the great popularity of comics sprang from the newspaper war between Pulitzer and Hearst. On January 31,1912, Hearst introduced the nations first full daily comic page in his New York Evening Journal, the history of this newspaper rivalry and the rapid appearance of comic strips in most major American newspapers is discussed by Ian Gordon. The longest running American comic strips are,1, barney Google and Snuffy Smith 5

6.
Pogo (comic strip)
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Pogo is the title and central character of a long-running daily American comic strip, created by cartoonist Walt Kelly and distributed by the Post-Hall Syndicate. Set in the Okefenokee Swamp of the southeastern United States, the strip often engaged in social and political satire through the adventures of its anthropomorphic funny animal characters. Pogo combined both sophisticated wit and slapstick comedy in a heady mix of allegory, Irish poetry, literary whimsy, puns and wordplay, lushly detailed artwork. The same series of strips can be enjoyed on different levels by both children and savvy adults. The strip earned Kelly a Reuben Award in 1951, walter Crawford Kelly, Jr. was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 25,1913. His family moved to Bridgeport, Connecticut, when he was only two and he went to California at age 22 to work on Donald Duck cartoons at Walt Disney Studios in 1935. He stayed until the strike in 1941 as an animator on The Nifty Nineties, The Little Whirlwind, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo. Kelly then worked for Dell Comics, a division of Western Publishing of Racine, Kelly created the characters of Pogo the possum and Albert the alligator in 1941 for issue #1 of Dells Animal Comics, in the story Albert Takes the Cake. Both were comic foils for a black character named Bumbazine. Bumbazine was retired early, since Kelly found it hard to write for a human child and he eventually phased humans out of the comics entirely, preferring to use the animal characters for their comic potential. Kelly said he used animals — natures creatures, or natures screechers as he called them — largely because you can do more with animals and they dont hurt as easily, and its possible to make them more believable in an exaggerated pose. Pogo, formerly a spear according to Kelly, quickly took center stage. In 1948 he was hired to draw cartoons for the editorial page of the short-lived New York Star. The first comic series to make the permanent transition to newspapers, Pogo debuted on October 4,1948, on May 16,1949, Pogo was picked up for national distribution by the Post-Hall Syndicate. George Ward and Henry Shikuma were among Kellys assistants on the strip and it ran continuously until Kellys death from complications of diabetes on October 18,1973. It was then continued for a few years by Kellys widow Selby and son Stephen, Selby Kelly said in a 1982 interview that she decided to discontinue the strip, because newspapers had shrunk the size of strips to the point where people could not easily read it. Most characters were nominally male, but a few female characters appeared regularly. Kelly has been quoted as saying all the characters reflected different aspects of his own personality

7.
The Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929

8.
Pinocchio (1940 film)
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Pinocchio is a 1940 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based on the Italian childrens novel The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. It was the animated feature film produced by Disney, made after the success of Snow White. The plot of the film involves an old wood-carver named Geppetto who carves a puppet named Pinocchio. The puppet is brought to life by a fairy, who informs him that he can become a real boy if he proves himself to be brave, truthful. Pinocchios efforts to become a real boy involve encounters with a host of unsavory characters, the film was adapted by Aurelius Battaglia, William Cottrell, Otto Englander, Erdman Penner, Joseph Sabo, Ted Sears, and Webb Smith from Collodis book. The production was supervised by Ben Sharpsteen and Hamilton Luske, and the sequences were directed by Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, Wilfred Jackson, Jack Kinney. Pinocchio was an achievement in the area of effects animation, giving realistic movement to vehicles, machinery and natural elements such as rain, lightning, smoke, shadows. The film was released to theaters by RKO Radio Pictures on February 7,1940, critical analysis of Pinocchio identifies it as a simple morality tale that teaches children of the benefits of hard work and middle-class values. It eventually made a profit in its 1945 reissue, and is considered one of the greatest animated films ever made, the film and characters are still prevalent in popular culture, featuring at various Disney parks and in other forms of entertainment. In 1994, Pinocchio was added to the United States National Film Registry for being deemed culturally, historically, Jiminy Cricket explains that he is going to tell a story of a wish coming true. His story begins in the workshop of a woodworker named Geppetto, Jiminy watches as Geppetto finishes work on a wooden marionette whom he names Pinocchio. Before falling asleep, Geppetto makes a wish on a star that Pinocchio be a real boy, during the night, a Blue Fairy visits the workshop and brings Pinocchio to life, although he still remains a puppet. She informs him if he proves himself brave, truthful, and unselfish, he will become a real boy. Geppetto discovers that his wish has come true, and is filled with joy. However, on his way to school, Pinocchio is led astray by Honest John the Fox and his companion, Gideon the Cat, Pinocchio becomes Strombolis star attraction as a marionette who can sing and dance without strings. However, when Pinocchio wants to go home for the night, Jiminy arrives to see Pinocchio, and is unable to free him. The Blue Fairy appears, and asks Pinocchio why he was not at school, Jiminy urges Pinocchio to tell the truth, but instead he starts telling lies, which causes his nose to grow longer and longer. Pinocchio vows to be good from now on, and the Blue Fairy returns his nose to its form and sets him free

9.
Fantasia (1940 film)
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Fantasia is a 1940 American animated film produced by Walt Disney and released by Walt Disney Productions. With story direction by Joe Grant and Dick Huemer, and production supervision by Ben Sharpsteen, the film consists of eight animated segments set to pieces of classical music conducted by Leopold Stokowski, seven of which are performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra. Music critic and composer Deems Taylor acts as the films Master of Ceremonies, as production costs grew higher than what it could earn, Disney decided to include the short in a feature-length film with other segments set to classical pieces. Fantasia was first released in theatrical roadshow engagements held in thirteen U. S. cities from November 13,1940, the film was subsequently reissued multiple times with its original footage and audio being deleted, modified, or restored in each version. As of 2012, Fantasia has grossed $76.4 million in revenue and is the 22nd highest-grossing film of all time in the U. S. when adjusted for inflation. Fantasia, as a franchise, has grown to include games, Disneyland attractions, a live concert. Fantasia opens with live action scenes of members of an orchestra gathering against a background and tuning their instruments in half-light. Master of ceremonies Deems Taylor enters the stage and introduces the program, Toccata and Fugue in D Minor by Johann Sebastian Bach. Live-action shots of the orchestra illuminated in blue and gold, backed by superimposed shadows, animated lines, shapes and cloud formations reflect the sound and rhythms of the music. Nutcracker Suite by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, selections from the ballet suite underscore scenes depicting the changing of the seasons from summer to autumn to winter. The Sorcerers Apprentice by Paul Dukas, based on Goethes 1797 poem Der Zauberlehrling. Mickey Mouse, the apprentice of the sorcerer Yen Sid, attempts some of his masters magic tricks. Rite of Spring by Igor Stravinsky, a visual history of the Earths beginnings is depicted to selected sections of the ballet score. The sequence progresses from the formation to the first living creatures, followed by the reign. Intermission/Meet the Soundtrack, The orchestra musicians depart and the Fantasia title card is revealed, after the intermission there is a brief jam session of jazz music led by a clarinettist as the orchestra members return. Then a humorously stylized demonstration of how sound is rendered on film is shown, an animated sound track character, initially a straight white line, changes into different shapes and colors based on the sounds played. The Pastoral Symphony by Ludwig van Beethoven, a mythical Greco-Roman world of colorful centaurs and centaurettes, cupids, fauns and other figures from classical mythology is portrayed to Beethovens music. A gathering for a festival to honor Bacchus, the god of wine, is interrupted by Zeus, Dance of the Hours by Amilcare Ponchielli

10.
Dumbo
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Dumbo is a 1941 American animated film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The fourth Disney animated feature film, it is based upon the written by Helen Aberson. The main character is Jumbo Jr. a semi-anthropomorphic elephant who is cruelly nicknamed Dumbo and he is ridiculed for his big ears, but in fact he is capable of flying by using his ears as wings. Throughout most of the film, his true friend, aside from his mother, is the mouse. Dumbo was released on October 23,1941, made to recoup the financial losses of Fantasia, it was a deliberate pursuit of simplicity and economy for the Disney studio. At 64 minutes, it is one of Disneys shortest animated features, sound was recorded conventionally using the RCA System. One voice was synthesized using the Sonovox system, but it, a flock of storks deliver babies while circus animals are being transported by train from their Winter Quarters. Mrs. Jumbo, one of the elephants, receives her baby who is tormented by the other elephants because of his large ears. Once the circus is assembled, Mrs. Jumbo loses her temper at a group of boys for tormenting Dumbo, Dumbo is shunned by the other elephants and with no mother to care for him, he is now alone. Mouse, who feels sympathy for Dumbo and becomes determined to make him happy again, appoints himself as Dumbos mentor and protector. Dumbo is made a clown as a result, officially having the other elephants deem him no one of them. Despite his newfound popularity and fame, Dumbo dislikes this job and is now more miserable than ever, to cheer Dumbo up, Timothy takes him to visit his mother. As a result, Dumbo and Timothy both become drunk and see hallucinations of pink elephants, the next morning, Dumbo and Timothy wake up in a tree. Timothy wonders how they got up in the tree, and concludes that Dumbo flew up there using his ears as wings. With the help from a group of crows, Timothy is able to get Dumbo to fly again, using a psychological trick of a magic feather to boost his confidence. Back at the circus, Dumbo performs the stunt which involves jumping from a high building. On the way down, Dumbo loses the feather, Timothy quickly tells him that the feather was never magical, Dumbo is able to pull out of the dive and flies around the circus, finally striking back at his tormentors as a stunned audience looks on in amazement. After this performance, Dumbo becomes a sensation, Timothy becomes his manager

11.
Dell Comics
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Dell Comics was the comic book publishing arm of Dell Publishing, which got its start in pulp magazines. It published comics from 1929 to 1974, at its peak, it was the most prominent and successful American company in the medium. In 1953 Dell claimed to be the worlds largest comics publisher, the company formed a partnership in 1938 with Western Publishing, in which Dell would finance and distribute publications that Western would produce. Most of the Dell-produced comics done for Western Publishing during this period were under the Whitman Comics banner, notable titles included Crackajack Funnies and Super Comics. Comic book historian Mark Carlson has stated at its peak in the mid-50s while Dell’s total number of book titles only 15% of those published. Dell more million-plus sellers than any company before or since. Dell Comics was best known for its material, most notably the animated characters from Walt Disney Productions. From 1939 to 1968, Dells most notable and prolific title was the anthology Four Color, published several times a month, the title saw more than 1,300 issues published in its 23-year history. It often served as a title and thus the launching pad for many long-running series. In 1948, Dell refused an invitation of membership in the nascent Association of Comics Magazine Publishers, the association had been formed to pre-empt government intervention in the face of mounting public criticism of comic books. Dell in this period even burnished its image by taking out ads in the Saturday Evening Post in late 1952. From mid-1950 to Spring 1959 Dell promoted subscriptions to its non-Disney titles with what it called the Dell Comics Club. Membership was automatic with any one year subscription to such titles, but there are drawings that are sequential which tell stories. His was intended for Huck and Yogi’s adult fans, of which there apparently were more than a few, given the format and high price — $1. While most of the talent who had worked on the Dell line continued at Gold Key, Dell also drew new talent to its fold, such as Frank Springer, Don Arneson, and Lionel Ziprin. Dell Comics continued for another 11 years with licensed television and motion picture adaptations, Dell Comics ceased publication in 1974, with a few of its former titles moving to Gold Key Comics. Writer/artists Walt Kelly and Carl Barks are the most noted talents associated with the company

12.
Irish-American
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Irish Americans are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. About 33.3 million Americans—10. 5% of the total population—reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U. S. Census Bureau and this compares with a population of 6.4 million on the island of Ireland. Three million people identified as Scots-Irish, whose ancestors were Ulster Scots who emigrated from Ireland to the United States. An estimated 250,000 migrated to the United States during the colonial era, only 20,000 immigrants of these immigrants from Ireland were Catholics—English, Irish or a few Germans. Catholics numbered 40,000 or 1. 6% of the population of 2.5 million in 1775. The Scots-Irish settled mainly in the back country of the Appalachian Mountain region. Irish Americans signed the documents of the United States—the Declaration of Independence. The early Ulster immigrants and their descendants at first usually referred to simply as Irish. However, most descendants of the Scots-Irish continued to consider themselves Irish or American rather than Scots-Irish, however, beginning in the early 19th century, many Irish migrated individually to the interior for work on large-scale infrastructure projects such as canals and, later in the century, railroads. During the colonial period, Scots-Irish settled in the southern Appalachian backcountry, by the 19th century, through intermarriage with settlers of English and German ancestry, the descendants of the Scots-Irish lost their identification with Ireland. This generation of pioneers. was a generation of Americans, not of Englishmen or Germans or Scots-Irish, in 1820 Irish-born John England became the first Catholic bishop in the mainly Protestant city of Charleston, South Carolina. During the 1820s and 30s, Bishop England defended the Catholic minority against Protestant prejudices, in 1831 and 1835, he established free schools for free African American children. Inflamed by the propaganda of the American Anti-Slavery Society, a mob raided the Charleston post office in 1835, England led Charlestons Irish Volunteers to defend the school. Soon after this, however, all schools for blacks were closed in Charleston. The Irish Catholics concentrated in a few medium-sized cities, where they were visible, especially in Charleston, Savannah. After secession in 1861, the Irish Catholic community supported the Confederacy and 20,000 served in the Confederate Army, civilian leaders of the Irish and the South did embrace the Confederate national project and most became advocates of a hard-war policy. Although most began as unskilled laborers, Irish Catholics in the South achieved average or above average economic status by 1900, the large Erie Canal project was one such example where Irishmen were many of the laborers. Small but tight communities developed in growing such as Philadelphia, Boston, New York

13.
Bridgeport, Connecticut
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Bridgeport is a seaport city in the U. S. state of Connecticut. It is the largest city in the state and is located in Fairfield County at the mouth of the Pequonnock River on Long Island Sound, Bridgeport had a population of 144,229 during the 2010 Census, making it also the 5th-most populous in New England. It is bordered by the towns of Trumbull to the north, Fairfield to the west, the Greater Bridgeport area is the 48th-largest urban area in the United States and forms part of the Greater New York City Area. Bridgeport was inhabited by the Paugussett Indian tribe at the time of its English colonization, the English farming community became a center of trade, shipbuilding, and whaling. The town incorporated itself to subsidize the Housatonic Railroad and rapidly industrialized following its connection to the New York, manufacturing was the mainstay of the local economy until the 1970s. Industrial restructuring and suburbanization caused the loss of jobs and affluent residents, leaving Bridgeport struggling with problems of poverty. In the 21st century, conversion of office and factory buildings to residential use, the showman P. T. Barnum was a resident of the city and served as the towns mayor in the late 19th century. Barnum built four houses in Bridgeport, and housed his circus in town during winter, the first Subway restaurant opened in the North End section of the city in 1965. The Frisbie Pie Company was located here, and Bridgeport is credited as the birthplace of the Frisbee, the first documented English settlement within the present city limits of Bridgeport took place in 1644, centered at Black Rock Harbor along North Avenue and between Park and Briarwood Avenues. The place was called Pequonnock, after a band of the Paugussett, one of their sacred sites was Golden Hill, which overlooked the harbor and was the location of natural springs and their planting fields. The Golden Hill Indians were granted a reservation here by the Colony of Connecticut in 1639 that survived until 1802, a village called Newfield began to coalesce around the corner of State and Water Streets in the 1760s. The area officially known as Stratfield in 1695 or 1701 due to its location between the already existing towns of Stratford and Fairfield. During the American Revolution, Newfield Harbor was a center of privateering, Newfield initially expanded around the coasting trade with Boston, New York, and Baltimore and the international trade with the West Indies. The commercial activity of the village was clustered around the wharves on the west bank of the Pequonnock, in 1800, the village became the Borough of Bridgeport, the first so incorporated in the state. It was named for the Newfield or Lottery Bridge across the Pequonnock, Bridgeport Bank was established in 1806. In 1821, the township of Bridgeport became independent of Stratford, the West India trade died down around 1840, but by that time the Bridgeport Steamship Company and Bridgeport Whaling Company had been incorporated and the Housatonic Railroad chartered. The HRRC ran upstate along the Housatonic Valley, connecting with Massachusettss Berkshire Railroad at the state line, Bridgeport was chartered as Connecticuts fifth city in 1836 in order to enable the town council to secure funding to provide to the HRRC and ensure that it would terminate in Bridgeport. The Naugatuck Railroad—connecting Bridgeport to Waterbury and Winsted along the Naugatuck—was chartered in 1845, the same year, the New York and New Haven Railroad began operation, connecting Bridgeport to New York and the other towns along the north shore of the Long Island Sound

14.
Connecticut Post
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The Connecticut Post is a daily newspaper located in Bridgeport, Connecticut. It serves Fairfield County and the Lower Naugatuck Valley, the newspaper is owned and operated by the Hearst Communications, a multinational corporate media conglomerate with $4 billion in revenues. The Connecticut Post also gained revenue by offering classified advertising for job hunters with very minimal regulation and other separate listings for products, the paper competes directly with the Register in Stratford, Milford, and portions of the Lower Naugatuck Valley. The most recent editor, James H. Smith, departed abruptly on June 26,2008, no reason was given to staff, but Smith later attributed his departure to mutual agreement. Smith had attempted to take the newspaper in a different direction, stressing slice-of-life style features and enterprise, in recent years he has avoided layoffs despite economic pressures, opting instead to offer buyouts and drastically cut the freelance budget. Consequently, while the Post does provide solid coverage of Bridgeport, the newspaper was formerly the morning Bridgeport Telegram and evening Bridgeport Post before consolidating into a morning publication. The Bridgeport Telegram ran from at least 1908 to 1929 and again from 1938 to 1990, the Post was formerly owned by Thomson Corporation, a national newspaper chain. In 2000, Thomson agreed to sell the Post for $205 million to MediaNews Group, based in Denver, Colorado, on August 8,2008 the Hearst Corporation acquired the Connecticut Post and www. ConnPost. com, including seven non-daily newspapers, from MediaNews Group, Inc. In 2010, the Connecticut Post launched a complete re-design which included a new font, some significant stories the Post has broken include former Bridgeport Mayor Joseph Ganims bribery scandal and former Bridgeport Mayor John Fabrizis admission of using cocaine. In 2008, under Smiths leadership, the Connecticut Post received its first Newspaper of the Year Award from the New England Newspaper Association. Comedian and actor Richard Belzer, a Bridgeport native, was a paperboy and later a reporter for the Post. Connecticut Post Official mobile website Hearst Corporation History of the Connecticut Post

15.
P. T. Barnum
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Phineas Taylor P. T. Barnum was an American politician, showman, and businessman remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and for founding the Barnum & Bailey Circus. Barnum is widely, but erroneously, credited with coining the phrase Theres a sucker born every minute, born in Bethel, Connecticut, Barnum became a small-business owner in his early twenties, and founded a weekly newspaper, before moving to New York City in 1834. Barnum used the museum as a platform to promote hoaxes and human curiosities such as the Feejee mermaid, in 1850 he promoted the American tour of singer Jenny Lind, paying her an unprecedented $1,000 a night for 150 nights. After economic reversals due to bad investments in the 1850s, and years of litigation and public humiliation, he used a lecture tour, mostly as a temperance speaker and his museum added Americas first aquarium and expanded the wax-figure department. While in New York, he converted to Universalism and was a member of the Church of the Divine Paternity, Barnum served two terms in the Connecticut legislature in 1865 as a Republican for Fairfield. It may tenant the body of a Chinaman, a Turk, elected in 1875 as Mayor of Bridgeport, Connecticut, he worked to improve the water supply, bring gas lighting to streets, and enforce liquor and prostitution laws. Barnum was instrumental in starting Bridgeport Hospital, founded in 1878, the circus business was the source of much of his enduring fame. He established P. T. Barnums Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan & Hippodrome, a circus, menagerie and museum of freaks. Barnum died in his sleep at home in 1891, and was buried in Mountain Grove Cemetery, Bridgeport, Barnum was born in Bethel, Connecticut, the son of inn keeper, tailor and store-keeper Philo Barnum and second wife Irene Taylor. He was the great grandson of Thomas Barnum, the English immigrant ancestor of the Barnum family in North America. His maternal grandfather Phineas Taylor was a Whig, legislator, landowner, justice of the peace, and lottery schemer, Barnum was adept at arithmetic but hated physical work. He started as a store-keeper, and he learned haggling and using deception to make a sale and he was involved with the first lottery mania in the United States. At the age of 19, he married Charity Hallett, the young husband had several businesses, a general store, a book auctioning trade, real estate speculation, and a statewide lottery network. He became active in politics and advocated against blue laws promulgated by Calvinists who sought to restrict gambling. Barnum started a paper in 1829, The Herald of Freedom, in Danbury. His editorials against church elders led to libel suits and a prosecution which resulted in imprisonment for two months, but he became a champion of the movement upon his release. In 1834, when lotteries were banned in Connecticut, cutting off his income, Barnum sold his store. Joice Heth died in 1836, no more than 80 years old, Barnum improved the attraction, renamed Barnums American Museum, upgrading the building and adding exhibits, and it became a popular showplace

16.
Journalism
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Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on the interaction of events, facts, ideas, and people that are the news of the day and that informs society to at least some degree. The word applies to the occupation, the methods of gathering information, journalistic media include, print, television, radio, Internet, and, in the past, newsreels. Concepts of the role for journalism varies between countries. In some nations, the media is controlled by a government intervention. In others, the media is independent from the government. In the United States, journalism is protected by the freedom of the clause in the First Amendment. The role and status of journalism, along with that of the media, has undergone changes over the last two decades with the advent of digital technology and publication of news on the Internet. Notably, in the American media landscape, newsrooms have reduced their staff and coverage as traditional media channels, such as television, for instance, between 2007 and 2012, CNN edited its story packages into nearly half of their original time length. This compactness in coverage has been linked to broad audience attrition, in the United States, journalism is produced by media organizations or by individuals. Bloggers are often, but not always, journalists, the Federal Trade Commission requires that bloggers who receive free promotional gifts, then write about products, must disclose that they received the products for free. This is to eliminate conflicts of interest and protect consumers, fake news is news that is not truthful or is produced by unreliable media organizations. Fake news is spread on social media. Readers can determine fake news by evaluating whether the news has been published by a news organization. In the US, a news organization is an incorporated entity, has an editorial board. All of these organizations have codes of ethics that members abide by, many news organizations have their own codes of ethics that guide journalists professional publications. The New York Times code of standards and ethics is considered particularly rigorous, when they write stories, journalists are concerned with issues of objectivity and bias. Some types of stories are intended to represent the authors own opinion, in a physical newspaper, information is organized into sections and it is easy to see which stories are supposed to be opinion and which are supposed to be neutral. Online, many of these distinctions break down, readers should pay careful attention to headings and other design elements to ensure that they understand the journalists intent

17.
Milton Caniff
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Milton Arthur Paul Milt Caniff was an American cartoonist famous for the Terry and the Pirates and Steve Canyon comic strips. Caniff was born in Hillsboro, Ohio and he was an Eagle Scout and a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. Caniff did cartoons for local newspapers while studying at Stivers High School in Dayton Ohio, at Ohio State University, Caniff joined the Sigma Chi Fraternity and later illustrated for The Magazine of Sigma Chi and The Norman Shield. Graduating in 1930, Caniff began at the Columbus Dispatch where he worked with the noted cartoonists Billy Ireland and Dudley Fisher, but Caniffs position was eliminated during the Great Depression. Caniff related later that he had been uncertain of whether to pursue acting or cartooning as a career and he died on May 3,1988 and was buried in the Mount Repose Cemetery, Haverstraw, New York. In 1932, Caniff moved to New York City to accept an artist job with the Features Service of the Associated Press. Caniff continued Gilfeather until the spring of 1933, when it was retired in favor of a comedy panel cartoon called The Gay Thirties. In July 1933, Caniff began a fantasy strip, Dickie Dare, influenced by series such as Flash Gordon. The eponymous main character was a youth who dreamed himself into adventures with such literary and legendary persons as Robin Hood, Robinson Crusoe, in 1934, Caniff was hired by the New York Daily News to produce a new strip for the Chicago Tribune New York News Syndicate. The result was Terry and the Pirates, the strip which made Caniff famous, like Dickie Dare, Terry Lee began as a boy who is traveling with an adult mentor and adventurer, Pat Ryan. But over the years the character aged, and by World War II he was old enough to serve in the Army Air Force. During the 12 years that Caniff produced the strip, he introduced many fascinating characters, introduced during the early days of the strip was Terry and Pats interpreter and manservant Connie. They were later joined by the mute Chinese giant Big Stoop, both he and Connie provided the main source of comic relief. During the war, Caniff began a strip, a special version of Terry. Caniff donated all of his work on this strip to the armed forces—the strip was only in military newspapers. Another strip had her dancing with a man in civilian clothes, a disgruntled GI shoved and mocked him for having an easy life, Caniff continued Male Call until seven months after V-J Day, ending it in March 1946. In 1946 Caniff ended his association with Terry and the Pirates, while the strip was a major success, it was not owned by its creator but by its distributing syndicate, the Chicago Tribune-New York Daily News, a common practice with syndicated comics at the time. Caniff produced his last strip of Terry and the Pirates in December 1946, at the time, Caniff was one of only two or three syndicated cartoonists who owned their creations, and he attracted considerable publicity as a result of this circumstance

18.
Al Capp
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He also wrote the comic strips Abbie an Slats and Long Sam. He won the National Cartoonists Societys Reuben Award in 1947 for Cartoonist of the Year, Comic strips dealt with northern urban experiences until the year Capp introduced Lil Abner, the first strip based in the South. M. Thomas Inge says Capp made a personal fortune on the strip and had a profound influence on the way the world viewed the American South. Born in New Haven, Connecticut, of East European Jewish heritage, Capp was the eldest child of Otto Philip, Capps parents were both natives of Latvia whose families had migrated to New Haven in the 1880s. My mother and father had brought to this country from Russia when they were infants. Their fathers had found that the promise of America was true—it was no crime to be a Jew. The Caplins were dirt poor, and Capp later recalled stories of his going out in the night to sift through ash barrels for reusable bits of coal. In August 1919, at the age of nine, Capp was run down by a car and had to have his left leg amputated. He was eventually given a leg, but only learned to use it by adopting a slow way of walking which became increasingly painful as he grew older. The childhood tragedy of losing a leg likely helped shape Capp’s cynical worldview, I was indignant as hell about that leg, he would reveal in a November 1950 interview in Time magazine. The secret of how to live without resentment or embarrassment in a world in which I was different from everyone else and it was the prevailing opinion among his friends that Capps Swiftian satire was, to some degree, a creatively channeled, compensatory response to his disability. Capps father, a businessman and an amateur cartoonist, introduced him to drawing as a form of therapy. He became quite proficient, learning mostly on his own, at about this same time, Capp became a voracious reader. According to Capps brother Elliot, Alfred had finished all of Shakespeare, among his childhood favorites were Dickens, Smollett, Mark Twain, Booth Tarkington, and later, Robert Benchley and S. J. Perelman. Capp spent five years at Bridgeport High School in Bridgeport, Connecticut without receiving a diploma, the cartoonist liked to joke about how he failed geometry for nine straight terms. His formal training came from a series of art schools in the New England area, Capp had already decided to become a cartoonist. I heard that Bud Fisher got $3,000 a week and was constantly marrying French countesses, I decided that was for me. In early 1932, Capp hitchhiked to New York City and he lived in airless rat holes in Greenwich Village and turned out advertising strips at $2 apiece while scouring the city hunting for jobs

19.
Donald Duck
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Donald Duck is a cartoon character created in 1934 at Walt Disney Productions. Donald is a white duck with a yellow-orange bill, legs. He typically wears a shirt and cap with a bow tie. Donald is most famous for his speech and his mischievous. Along with his friend Mickey Mouse, Donald is one of the most popular Disney characters and was included in TV Guides list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time in 2002. He has appeared in more films than any other Disney character, Donald Duck rose to fame with his comedic roles in animated cartoons. Donalds first appearance was in 1934 in The Wise Little Hen, throughout the next two decades, Donald appeared in over 150 theatrical films, several of which were recognized at the Academy Awards. In the 1930s, he appeared as part of a comic trio with Mickey. These films introduced Donalds love interest Daisy Duck and often included his three nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie, after the 1956 film Chips Ahoy, Donald appeared primarily in educational films before eventually returning to theatrical animation in Mickeys Christmas Carol. His most recent appearance in a film was 1999s Fantasia 2000. Donald has also appeared in features such as Mickey, Donald, Goofy, The Three Musketeers, television series such as Mickey Mouse Clubhouse. Beyond animation, Donald is primarily known for his appearances in comics, Donald was most famously drawn by Al Taliaferro, Carl Barks, and Don Rosa. Barks, in particular, is credited for expanding the Donald Duck universe, the world in which Donald lives. Donald has been a popular character in Europe, particularly in Nordic countries where his weekly magazine Donald Duck & Co was the most popular comics publication from the 1950s to 2009. Disney comics fandom is sometimes referred to as Donaldism, a term originated in Norway. The origins of Donald Ducks name may have inspired by Australian cricket legend Donald Bradman. In 1932 Bradman and the Australian team were touring North America, Walt Disney was in the process of creating a friend for Mickey Mouse when he possibly read about Bradmans dismissal in the papers and decided to name the new character Donald Duck. Voice performer Clarence Nash auditioned for Walt Disney Studios when he learned that Disney was looking for people to create animal sounds for his cartoons, Disney was particularly impressed with Nashs duck imitation and chose him to voice the new character

20.
Walt Disney
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Walter Elias Walt Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons, as a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors, several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress. Born in Chicago in 1901, Disney developed an early interest in drawing and he took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial illustrator at the age of 18. He moved to California in the early 1920s and set up the Disney Brothers Studio with his brother Roy, with Ub Iwerks, Walt developed the character Mickey Mouse in 1928, his first highly popular success, he also provided the voice for his creation in the early years. As the studio grew, Disney became more adventurous, introducing synchronized sound, full-color three-strip Technicolor, feature-length cartoons, the results, seen in features such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, Pinocchio, Dumbo and Bambi, furthered the development of animated film. New animated and live-action films followed after World War II, including the critically successful Cinderella and Mary Poppins, in the 1950s, Disney expanded into the amusement park industry, and in 1955 he opened Disneyland. In 1965, he began development of theme park, Disney World, the heart of which was to be a new type of city. Disney was a smoker throughout his life, and died of lung cancer in December 1966 before either the park or the EPCOT project were completed. Disney was a shy, self-deprecating and insecure man in private and he had high standards and high expectations of those with whom he worked. Although there have been accusations that he was racist or anti-semitic and his reputation changed in the years after his death, from a purveyor of homely patriotic values to a representative of American imperialism. Nevertheless, Disney is considered an icon, particularly in the United States. Walt Disney was born on December 5,1901, at 1249 Tripp Avenue and he was the fourth son of Elias Disney‍—‌born in the Province of Canada, to Irish parents‍—‌and Flora, an American of German and English descent. Aside from Disney, Elias and Calls sons were Herbert, Raymond and Roy, in 1906, when Disney was four, the family moved to a farm in Marceline, Missouri, where his uncle Robert had just purchased land. In Marceline, Disney developed his interest in drawing when he was paid to draw the horse of a neighborhood doctor. Elias was a subscriber to the Appeal to Reason newspaper, Disney also began to develop an ability to work with watercolors and crayons. He lived near the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway line and he and his younger sister Ruth started school at the same time at the Park School in Marceline in late 1909. In 1911, the Disneys moved to Kansas City, Missouri, before long, he was spending more time at the Pfeiffers house than at home

21.
Ward Kimball
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Ward Walrath Kimball, born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was an animator for the Walt Disney Studios. He was one of Walt Disneys team of animators, known as Disneys Nine Old Men and he was also a jazz trombonist. He founded and led the seven-piece Dixieland band Firehouse Five Plus Two, while Kimball was a brilliant draftsman, he preferred to work on comical characters rather than realistic human designs. Animating came easily to him and he was looking to do things differently. Because of this, Walt Disney called Ward a genius in the book The Story of Walt Disney, while there were many talented animators at Disney, Wards efforts stand out as unique. According to Jeff Lenburgs assessment of him, Kimball was a pioneer animator and his work had been honored with the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film. He served as one of Disneys Nine Old Men and he instilled life to diverse Disney characters, such as Mickey Mouse, Jiminy Cricket, the Cheshire Cat, the Mad Hatter, and Tweedledee and Tweedledum. Kimball attended the Santa Barbara School of the Arts in order to become a painter, Kimballs instructor at the school suggested to him that his work should be submitted to Walt Disney Productions, and that he should pursue a career in animation. In March 1934, a 20-year-old Kimball applied for a job at the Disney studio, in April 1934, he was hired as an inbetweener. He was then promoted to an assistant animator and he served as an assistant to animator Hamilton Luske. Kimball worked primarily in the Silly Symphony series, where his credits include the animated short films The Wise Little Hen, The Goddess of Spring, and The Tortoise. He also worked on the Mickey Mouse series, where his credits include the short film Orphans Benefit. In 1936, Kimball was promoted to an animator in his own right and he continued to work in the Silly Symphony series. Some of his credits in this position include the animated short films Toby Tortoise Returns, More Kittens. His first solo effort as an animator was animating a grasshopper turned musician in Woodland Café, Kimball was included in the team of animators known later as Disneys Nine Old Men, whose original task was animating Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The film was the first full-length animated feature film by the Disney studio, Kimball spend months working on the sequence animation for a scene where the Seven Dwarfs are eating soup, prepared for them by Snow White. Following the release of Snow White, Kimball was promoted to a supervising or directing animator and he would remain in this position until his retirement in the 1970s. His employer Walt Disney was sufficiently satisfied with Kimballs work that he entrusted him with designing new character Jiminy Cricket, the character was intended for use in the Disney studios next feature film, Pinocchio

22.
Nine Old Men
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All members of the group are now deceased. John Lounsbery was the first to die, in 1976 from heart failure, and the last survivor was Ollie Johnston, all have been acknowledged as Disney Legends. Les Clark, who joined Disney in 1927 and his specialty was animating Mickey Mouse as he was the only one of the Nine Old Men to work on that character from its origins with Ub Iwerks. Les did many scenes throughout the years, animating up until Lady and he moved into directing and made many animated featurettes and shorts. Ollie Johnston, who joined Disney in 1935, first worked on Snow White and he went on to author the animators bible The Illusion of Life with Frank Thomas. His work includes Mr. Smee, the Stepsisters, the District Attorney, according to the book The Disney Villain, written by Johnston and Frank Thomas, Johnston also partnered with Thomas on creating characters such as Ichabod Crane and Sir Hiss. Milt Kahl started in 1934 working on Snow White and his work included heroes such as Pinocchio, Tigger, Peter Pan, and Slue-Foot Sue and villains such as Shere Khan, Edgar the butler, the Sheriff of Nottingham, and Madame Medusa. Ward Kimball joined Disney in 1934 and his work includes Jiminy Cricket, Lucifer, Jaq and Gus, and the Mad Hatter and Cheshire Cat. His work was more wild than the other Disney animators and was unique. In 1968 he created and released a non-Disney anti-Vietnam War animated short, because of Larsons demeanor and ability to train new talent, Larson was given the task to spot and train new animators at Disney in the 1970s. Many of the top talents at Disney today were trained by Eric in the 70s and 80s, John Lounsbery started in 1935 and, working under Norm Fergy Ferguson, quickly became a star animator. Lounsbery, affectionately known as Louns by his fellow animators, was an incredibly strong draftsman who inspired many animators over the years and his animation was noted for its squashy, stretchy feel. In the 1970s, Louns was promoted to Director and co-directed Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too and his last film, wolfgang Reitherman joined Disney in 1935 as an animator and director. He produced all the animated Disney films after Walts death until his retirement, In the 1950s and he also directed a sequence in Sleeping Beauty which featured Prince Phillips escape from Maleficents castle and his eventual battle against her as a terrible fire-breathing dragon. Some of his work includes Monstro, The Headless Horseman, the Crocodile, Frank Thomas joined Disney in 1934. He went on to author the animators bible The Illusion of Life with Ollie Johnston and his work included the wicked Stepmother, the Queen of Hearts, and Captain Hook. Lounsbery died in 1976, Kahl retired the year and died in 1987. Thomas, Johnston and Davis retired in 1978, and Thomas and Johnston later enjoyed cameos in the Brad Bird-directed films The Iron Giant, Thomas died shortly afterwards in 2004, and Johnston, who was by then the last surviving Old Man, died in 2008

23.
DC Comics
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DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. a division of Time Warner, the company has also published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. The initials DC came from the popular series Detective Comics. Random House distributes DC Comics books to the market, while Diamond Comic Distributors supplies the comics shop specialty market. DC Comics and its major, longtime competitor Marvel Comics together shared 70% of the American comic book market in 2016, entrepreneur Major Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson founded National Allied Publications in autumn 1934. The company debuted with the tabloid-sized New Fun, The Big Comic Magazine #1 with a date of February 1935. That title evolved into Adventure Comics, which continued through issue #503 in 1983, in 2009 DC revived Adventure Comics with its original numbering. In 1935, Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, created Doctor Occult. Wheeler-Nicholsons third and final title, Detective Comics, advertised with a cover illustration dated December 1936, the themed anthology series would become a sensation with the introduction of Batman in issue #27. By then, however, Wheeler-Nicholson had gone, Detective Comics, Inc. was formed, with Wheeler-Nicholson and Jack S. Liebowitz, Donenfelds accountant, listed as owners. Major Wheeler-Nicholson remained for a year, but cash-flow problems continued, shortly afterward, Detective Comics, Inc. purchased the remains of National Allied, also known as Nicholson Publishing, at a bankruptcy auction. Detective Comics, Inc. soon launched a fourth title, Action Comics, Action Comics #1, the first comic book to feature the new character archetype—soon known as superheroes—proved a sales hit. The company quickly introduced such popular characters as the Sandman and Batman. That year, Gaines let Liebowitz buy him out, and kept only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, at that point, Liebowitz promptly orchestrated the merger of All-American and Detective Comics into National Comics. Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, National Periodical Publications became publicly traded on the stock market in 1961. The company began to move aggressively against what it saw as copyright-violating imitations from other companies, such as Fox Comics Wonder Man and this extended to DC suing Fawcett Comics over Captain Marvel, at the time comics top-selling character. Despite the fact that parallels between Captain Marvel and Superman seemed more tenuous, the courts ruled that substantial and deliberate copying of copyrighted material had occurred, faced with declining sales and the prospect of bankruptcy if it lost, Fawcett capitulated in 1955 and ceased comics publication

24.
Mastro Geppetto
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Mister Geppetto, also Mastro Geppetto, is a fictional character in the novel The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. Geppetto is an elderly, impoverished woodcarver and the creator of Pinocchio and he wears a yellow wig resembling cornmeal mush, and consequently his neighbors call him Polendina to annoy him. Geppetto is a form of Giuseppe. Geppetto is introduced when carpenter Mister Antonio finds a block of pinewood which he was about to carve into a leg for his table. When Geppetto drops by looking for a piece of wood to build a marionette, Geppetto, being extremely poor and thinking on making a living as a puppeteer, carves the block into a boy and names him Pinocchio. Before he is even built Pinocchio already has a mischievous attitude, once the puppet has been finished and Geppetto teaches him to walk, Pinocchio runs out the door and away into the town. He is caught by a carabiniere, but when people say that Geppetto dislikes children, the next morning, Geppetto is released from jail and finds that Pinocchios feet have burnt off, and replaces them. When Geppetto feeds him three pears, Pinocchio promises to go to school, but because Geppetto has no money to buy school books, he sells his only coat. Geppetto is next seen when Pinocchio believes that the Fairy with Turquoise Hair has died and a pigeon carries him to the seashore, where Geppetto is building a boat to search for Pinocchio. Pinocchio tries to swim to Geppetto, but is washed underwater while Geppetto is swallowed by The Terrible Dogfish, Pinocchio and Geppetto escape the Dogfish, and are thence conveyed to shore by a tuna. In the Disney animated film, Geppetto is introduced as a shop keeper finishing Pinocchio, before falling asleep, Geppetto makes a wish on a falling star that Pinocchio come to life. During the night, the Blue Fairy grants Geppettos wish, the next day, he sends Pinocchio on his first day of school. En route, Pinocchio meets Honest John and Gideon, who convince him to join Strombolis puppet show instead, determined to rescue his father, Pinocchio is reunited with Geppetto and his pets in Monstros throat, where Pinocchio burns spare furniture to choke their captor into releasing them. This done, Monstro pursues them to the coast, where Pinocchio pulls Geppetto to safety, while Geppetto mourns Pinocchio at home, the Blue Fairy revives Pinocchio, and makes him human. Geppetto appeared the year in the short All Together, made for the Canadian government. Disneys version of Geppetto has also made appearances in Disneys House of Mouse as well as in the Kingdom Hearts series of games in the Monstro world. Gepetto is widely rumoured to be the inspiration behind the Movember charity event, Geppetto is title character in the 2000 made-for-television musical, portrayed by Drew Carey. He dearly wishes to become a father until one night, the Blue Fairy appears in his workshop, the next day, Geppetto sends Pinocchio off to school, telling him to just act like all of the other children and hell be alright

25.
Mickey Mouse
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Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928, an anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey has become one of the worlds most recognizable characters. Mickey first was seen in a single test screening, Mickey officially debuted in the short film Steamboat Willie, one of the first sound cartoons. He went on to appear in over 130 films, including The Band Concert, Brave Little Tailor, Mickey appeared primarily in short films, but also occasionally in feature-length films. Ten of Mickeys cartoons were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, one of which, Lend a Paw, in 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Beginning in 1930, Mickey has also featured extensively as a comic strip character. His self-titled newspaper strip, drawn primarily by Floyd Gottfredson, ran for 45 years. Mickey has also appeared in books such as Disney Italys Topolino, MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine, and Wizards of Mickey. He also appears in other such as video games as well as merchandising and is a meetable character at the Disney parks. Mickey generally appears alongside his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, his pet dog Pluto, his friends Donald Duck and Goofy, though originally characterized as a mischievous antihero, Mickey was rebranded over time as an everyman, usually seen as a flawed, but adventurous hero. I only hope that we never lose sight of one thing – that it was all started by a mouse, in the spring of 1928, with the series going strong, Disney asked Mintz for an increase in the budget. Angrily, Disney refused the deal and returned to produce the final Oswald cartoons he contractually owed Mintz, Disney was dismayed at the betrayal by his staff but determined to restart from scratch. The new Disney Studio initially consisted of animator Ub Iwerks and an apprentice artist, Les Clark. One lesson Disney learned from the experience was to always make sure that he owned all rights to the characters produced by his company. In the spring of 1928, Disney asked Ub Iwerks to start drawing up new character ideas, Iwerks tried sketches of various animals, such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were also rejected and they would later turn up as Clarabelle Cow and Horace Horsecollar. A male frog was also rejected and it would later show up in Iwerks own Flip the Frog series. Walt Disney got the inspiration for Mickey Mouse from a mouse at his desk at Laugh-O-Gram Studio in Kansas City

26.
The Little Whirlwind
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The Little Whirlwind is a 1941 animated short subject, part of the Mickey Mouse series, produced by Walt Disney for Walt Disney Productions. The short was released by RKO Radio Pictures on February 14,1941, the short involves Mickeys attempts to help Minnie with her yard work, despite the presence of several twisters as foils. While walking by Minnie Mouses house one day, Mickey Mouse is enticed by the aroma of a cake Minnie is baking, promised a slice if he cleans the yard, Mickey immediately jumps into raking up the fall leaves littering Minnies lawn. After he throws the leaves in, the child pounces on him, spins him around, grabs his hat, angered, Mickey pounces on the youngster, who spins him around and scoots away, leaving Mickeys hat on his head. Both Mickey and the youngster have a tugowar on the basket until it shatters on Mickey, then, the child makes an army of leaves and marches around the house. Mickey manages to trap the child with a sack, which he ties, the tornadoling retaliates with just 2 punches, then attempts to get away, with Mickey hot on his heels. As Mickey chases him with a rake the terrified child calls out for help, the mother tornado, unamused with Mickey tormenting her offspring, furiously pursues him with a look of relentlessness on her face. Her angry rampage causes chaos and destruction through the fields and grasslands until she lifts the lower portion of her gigantic body. When the twister finally sucks Mickey in, he is sent for a spin until he ends up falling into Minnies water fountain. After the two leave, Minnie, unaware of the whole incident finds her garden in a complete mess causing Mickey to get her cake thrown in his face which he proceeds to eat. Much of the animation of the big tornado is taken from the 1935 Mickey Mouse cartoon The Band Concert and this cosmetic change was relatively short-lived, and only lasted for the duration of World War II. This cartoon was featured in Disneys Magical Mirror Starring Mickey Mouse, the short can be found on the Walt Disney Treasures, Mickey Mouse In Living Color Volume 2 and on Walt Disneys Classic Cartoon Favorites Starring Mickey Volume 1. The Little Whirlwind at The Big Cartoon DataBase The Little Whirlwind at the Internet Movie Database

27.
Tornado
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A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that spins while in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour, are about 250 feet across, the most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than 300 miles per hour, are more than two miles in diameter, and stay on the ground for dozens of miles. Various types of tornadoes include the multiple vortex tornado, landspout and waterspout, waterspouts are characterized by a spiraling funnel-shaped wind current, connecting to a large cumulus or cumulonimbus cloud. They are generally classified as non-supercellular tornadoes that develop over bodies of water and these spiraling columns of air frequently develop in tropical areas close to the equator, and are less common at high latitudes. Other tornado-like phenomena that exist in nature include the gustnado, dust devil, fire whirls, downbursts are frequently confused with tornadoes, though their action is dissimilar. Tornadoes have been observed and documented on every continent except Antarctica, however, the vast majority of tornadoes occur in the Tornado Alley region of the United States, although they can occur nearly anywhere in North America. There are several scales for rating the strength of tornadoes, the Fujita scale rates tornadoes by damage caused and has been replaced in some countries by the updated Enhanced Fujita Scale. An F0 or EF0 tornado, the weakest category, damages trees, an F5 or EF5 tornado, the strongest category, rips buildings off their foundations and can deform large skyscrapers. The similar TORRO scale ranges from a T0 for extremely weak tornadoes to T11 for the most powerful known tornadoes, Doppler radar data, photogrammetry, and ground swirl patterns may also be analyzed to determine intensity and assign a rating. The word tornado is a form of the Spanish word tronada. This in turn was taken from the Latin tonare, meaning to thunder and it most likely reached its present form through a combination of the Spanish tronada and tornar, however, this may be a folk etymology. A tornado is also referred to as a twister, and is also sometimes referred to by the old-fashioned colloquial term cyclone. The term cyclone is used as a synonym for tornado in the often-aired 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, the term twister is also used in that film, along with being the title of the 1996 tornado-related film Twister. A tornado is a rotating column of air, in contact with the ground, either pendant from a cumuliform cloud or underneath a cumuliform cloud. For a vortex to be classified as a tornado, it must be in contact with both the ground and the cloud base. Scientists have not yet created a definition of the word, for example. Tornado refers to the vortex of wind, not the condensation cloud and this results in the formation of a visible funnel cloud or condensation funnel. There is some disagreement over the definition of cloud and condensation funnel

28.
The Three Caballeros
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The Three Caballeros is a 1944 American animated musical package film produced by Walt Disney and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The film premiered in Mexico City on December 21,1944 and it was released in the United States on February 3,1945 and in the UK that March. The seventh Disney animated feature film, the film plots an adventure through parts of Latin America and this is the second of the six package films released by Walt Disney Productions in the 1940s, following Saludos Amigos. The film is plotted as a series of self-contained segments, strung together by the device of Donald Duck opening birthday gifts from his Latin American friends. Several Latin American stars of the period appear, including singers Aurora Miranda and Dora Luz, the film was produced as part of the studios good will message for South America. The film consists of seven segments, each connected by a common theme, in the film, it is Donald Ducks birthday, and he receives three presents from friends in Latin America. The first present is a projector, which shows him a documentary about birds. During the documentary, he learns about the Aracuan Bird, who received his name because of his eccentric song, the Aracuan also makes several appearances throughout the film. The next present is a given to Donald by José. This book tells of Bahia, which is one of Brazils 26 states, José shrinks them both down so that they can enter the book. Donald and José meet up with several of the locals, who dance a lively samba, and Donald ends up pining for one girl, after the journey, Donald and José leave the book. Upon returning, Donald realizes that he is too small to open his third present, José shows Donald how to use black magic to return himself to the proper size. After opening the present, he meets Panchito, a native of Mexico, the trio take the name The Three Caballeros and have a short celebration. Panchito then presents Donalds next present, a piñata, Panchito tells Donald of the tradition behind the piñata. José and Panchito then blindfold Donald, and have him attempt to open the piñata. Donald ends the celebration by being fired away by firecrackers in the shape of a ferocious toy bull, throughout the film, the Aracuan Bird appears at random moments. He usually taunts everyone with his antics, sometimes stealing Josés cigar. His most famous gag is when he re-routes a train that Donald and José are riding on by drawing new tracks and he returns three or four years later in Melody Time

29.
Our Gang
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Our Gang is a series of American comedy short films about a group of poor neighborhood children and their adventures. The series broke new ground by portraying white and black boys, the franchise began in 1922 as a series of silent short subjects produced by the Roach studio and released by Pathé Exchange. Roach changed distributors from Pathé to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1927, and the series entered its most popular period after converting to sound in 1929, production continued at the Roach studio until 1938, when the series was sold to MGM, which produced the comedies until 1944. In total, the Our Gang series includes 220 shorts and one film, General Spanky. Roachs The Little Rascals package and MGMs Our Gang package have since remained in syndication, new productions based on the shorts have been made over the years, including a 1994 feature film, Little Rascals, released by Universal Pictures. Senior director Robert F. McGowan helmed most of the Our Gang shorts until 1933, McGowan worked to develop a style that allowed the children to be as natural as possible, downplaying the importance of the filmmaking equipment. Scripts were written for the shorts by the Hal Roach comedy writing staff, when sound came in at the end of the 1920s, McGowan modified his approach slightly, but scripts were not adhered to until McGowan left the series. Douglas in particular had to streamline his films, as he directed Our Gang after Roach halved the running times of the shorts from two reels to one reel. As children became too old for the series, they were replaced by new children, eventually Our Gang talent scouting employed large-scale national contests in which thousands of children tried out for an open role. Norman Chubby Chaney, Matthew Stymie Beard and Billie Buckwheat Thomas all won contests to become members of the gang, even when there was no talent search, the studio was bombarded by requests from parents who were sure their children were perfect for the series. Among them were the child stars Mickey Rooney and Shirley Temple. The Our Gang series is notable for being one of the first in history in which blacks. The four African-American child actors who held main roles in the series were Ernie Sunshine Sammy Morrison, Allen Farina Hoskins, Matthew Stymie Beard and Billie Buckwheat Thomas. Ernie Morrison was, in fact, the first African-American actor signed to a contract in Hollywood history. In their adult years, Morrison, Beard and Thomas became some of Our Gangs staunchest defenders, maintaining that its integrated cast and we were just a group of kids who were having fun, Stymie Beard recalled. Ernie Morrison stated, When it came to race, Hal Roach was color-blind, other minorities, including the Asian Americans (Sing Joy, Allen Tong, and Edward Soo Hoo and the Italian American actor, were depicted in the series with varying levels of stereotyping. According to Roach, the idea for Our Gang came to him in 1921, the girl was, in his opinion, overly made up and overly rehearsed, and Roach waited for the audition to be over. After the girl and her left the office, Roach looked out of his window to a lumberyard across the street

30.
Walt Disney's Comics and Stories
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The precursor to WDC was Mickey Mouse Magazine, published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940. WDC itself was launched in October 1940, and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck, Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphonies reformatted for comic books and colored. The first original story created for WDC was an adaptation of The Flying Gauchito illustrated by Walt Kelly in #24, by the mid-1950s the title was the best selling comic book in the United States, with a monthly circulation of over three million. Mark Evanier describes the circulation as the product of an aggressive subscription push. To facilitate birthday and holiday gift giving to youngsters, Western Publishing offered to send subscription recipients illustrated letters that announced the gift, also various premiums were offered for new subscribers, including a mini-poster attributed to Walt Kelly advertised on the back cover of WDC&S #100. The anthology format usually began with a 10-page story featuring Donald Duck, in many 1980s issues, as well as scattered issues from 2006 onward, new Daan Jippes and/or Freddy Milton Donald Duck stories lead off the title. Issues #523,524,526,528,531, and 547 featured lead-off stories drawn by Don Rosa, while most issues from 1993-2005 featured lead-offs by William Van Horn. Lil Bad Wolf stories began in issue #52 and remained a feature for more than ten years. Carl Buettner, Gil Turner, and Dick Matena are generally regarded as the most notable Wolf creators featured in the title, more recently, Big Bad Wolf has often supplanted his son as title character of the stories. Bucky Bug stories began in issue #20 with a series of reprints, original Bucky stories started awhile later. Bucky stories were monthly through 1950, were not seen for decades, then returned on an occasional basis from 1988 to the present, with a mixture of old. Walt Kelly of Pogo fame did the art for many issues between #34 and #118 and provided interior art for issues # 34-41 and 43. Walt Disneys Comics and Stories has been the longest running Disney-based comic book in history, after reaching its 600th issue, it converted to prestige format and remained that way until the end of Gemstones run at issue #698. Boom Studios published the title from 2009 until 2011, in January 2015, IDW Publishing stated that they were going to be publishing it from July 2015, continuing the number sequence from #721

31.
Raggedy Ann
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Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children. Raggedy Ann is a rag doll with red yarn for hair and has a triangle nose, Johnny Gruelle received US Patent D47789 for his Raggedy Ann doll on September 7,1915. The character was created in 1915 as a doll, and was introduced to the public in the 1918 book Raggedy Ann Stories, when a doll was marketed with the book, the concept had great success. A sequel, Raggedy Andy Stories, introduced the character of her brother and he then combined the names of two James Whitcomb Riley poems, The Raggedy Man and Little Orphant Annie and suggested calling the doll Raggedy Ann. As Myrtle Gruelle recalled, There was something he wanted from the attic, while he was rummaging around for it, he found an old rag doll his mother had made for his sister. He said then that the doll would make a good story, the couples daughter, Marcella, had not yet been born when Gruelle found the doll, Myrtle Gruelle continued. Johnny Gruelle kept in his mind until we had Marcella and he remembered it when he saw her play dolls. He wrote the stories around some of the things she did and he used to get ideas from watching her. S. Patent office the same month as Marcellas death, nonetheless, that myth led the anti-vaccination movement to adopt Raggedy Ann as a symbol, though Marcella died from an infected vaccination, not from the side effects of the vaccination itself. Raggedy Ann dolls were originally handmade, over 75,000 dolls were made for Volland, a Gruelle book publisher, by the Non-Breakable Toy Co. of Muskegon, Michigan. Later, PF Volland made the dolls, in 1935 Volland ceased operation and Ann and Andy were made under Gruelles permission by Exposition Dolls, and without permission by MollyEs Dolls, resulting in Gruelle v Goldman. Raggedy Ann & Andy dolls P. F, 1920-1934 Exposition doll and Toy Co. 1934-mid 1935 MollyEs Doll Outfitters 1935-1938 Georgene Novelties 1938-1962 Knickerbocker Toy Co, 1963-1982 Applause Toy Co. /Russ Berrie 1983-2011 Hasbro/Playskool 1983–Present Aurora World Inc. 2012–present Simon and Schuster - Present Sewing patterns for homemade Raggedy Ann dolls 1940 McCalls Pattern #820 first appeared for a 19-in, Dolls, Ann doll comes with cape pattern 1945. Simplicity Patterns released a licensed doll pattern for a different design doll that included all four sizes in the late 1990s, Raggedy Ann was drawn by Tissa David, who became one of the first women to animate a leading character in an animated feature film. Raggedy Ann and Andy a stage play adapted from the 1977 film by screenwriter Patricia Thackray, Raggedy Ann, The Musical Adventure, a Broadway musical by songwriter Joe Raposo and playwright William Gibson. In 2012 Hasbro signed Aurora World for a new line of Raggedy Ann, in 1984, a Raggedy Ann balloon debuted at the Macys Thanksgiving Day Parade, flying for two years. The ostensibly cursed Annabelle doll is a Raggedy Ann doll, many books were released and credited to Johnny Gruelle after his death, regardless of who wrote and illustrated them

32.
Pantomime
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Pantomime, is a type of musical comedy stage production, designed for family entertainment. It was developed in England and is performed throughout the United Kingdom, generally during the Christmas and New Year season and, to a lesser extent. It is a form of theatre, in which the audience is expected to sing along with certain parts of the music. Pantomime has a theatrical history in Western culture dating back to classical theatre. It developed partly from the 16th century commedia dellarte tradition of Italy, as well as other European and British stage traditions, such as 17th-century masques, an important part of the pantomime, until the late 19th century, was the harlequinade. Outside Britain the word pantomime is used to mean miming. The Roman pantomime drew upon the Greek tragedy and other Greek genres from its inception, although the art was instituted in Rome, the English word came to be applied to the performance itself. Music was supplied by flute and the pulse of an iron-shod shoe, performances might be in a private household, with minimal personnel, or else lavish theatrical productions involving a large orchestra and chorus and sometimes an ancillary actor. The dancer danced all the roles, relying on masks, stock poses and gestures, Pantomime differed from mime by its more artistic nature and relative lack of farce and coarse humour, though these were not absent from some productions. Precursors of pantomime also included the masque, which grew in pomp, the development of English pantomime was also strongly influenced by the continental commedia dellarte, a form of popular theatre that arose in Italy in the Early Modern Period. Each scenario used some of the stock characters. These included the innamorati, the vecchi such as Pantalone, and zanni such as Arlecchino, Colombina, Scaramouche, Italian masque performances in the 17th century sometimes included the Harlequin character. In the 17th century, adaptations of the characters became familiar in English entertainments. From these, the standard English harlequinade developed, depicting the eloping lovers Harlequin and Columbine, pursued by the girls father Pantaloon and his comic servants Clown, in English versions, by the 18th century, Harlequin became the central figure and romantic lead. The basic plot of the harlequinade remained essentially the same for more than 150 years, tavern Bilkers, by John Weaver, the dancing master at Drury Lane, is cited as the first pantomime produced on the English stage. The same year he produced a pantomime on the subject of Perseus, after this, pantomime was regular feature at Drury Lane. In 1717 at Lincolns Inn, actor and manager John Rich introduced Harlequin into the theatres pantomimes under the name of Lun and he gained great popularity for his pantomimes, especially beginning with his 1724 production of The Necromancer, or, History of Dr. Faustus. These early pantomimes were silent, or dumb show, performances consisting of only dancing, spoken drama was only allowed in London only in the two patent theatres until Parliament changed this restriction in 1843

33.
Roald Dahl
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Roald Dahl was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books have more than 250 million copies worldwide. He rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for children and adults and he became one of the worlds best-selling authors. He has been referred to as one of the greatest storytellers for children of the 20th century and his awards for contribution to literature include the 1983 World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement, and the British Book Awards Childrens Author of the Year in 1990. In 2008, The Times placed Dahl 16th on its list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 and his books champion the kind-hearted, and feature an underlying warm sentiment. Dahls works for children include James and the Giant Peach, Charlie and his adult works include Tales of the Unexpected. Roald Dahl was born in 1916 at Villa Marie, Fairwater Road, in Llandaff, Cardiff, Wales, to Norwegian parents, Harald Dahl, Dahls father had emigrated to the UK from Sarpsborg in Norway, and settled in Cardiff in the 1880s. His mother came over and married his father in 1911, Dahl was named after the Norwegian polar explorer Roald Amundsen. His first language was Norwegian, which he spoke at home with his parents and his sisters Astri, Alfhild, Dahl and his sisters were raised in the Lutheran faith, and were baptised at the Norwegian Church, Cardiff, where their parents worshipped. In 1920, when Dahl was three years old, his sister, Astri, died from appendicitis. Weeks later, his father died of pneumonia at the age of 57, Dahl first attended the Cathedral School, Llandaff. This was known among the five boys as the Great Mouse Plot of 1924, a favourite sweet among British schoolboys between the two World Wars, Dahl would later refer to gobstoppers in his literary creation, Everlasting Gobstopper. Thereafter, he transferred to a school in England, St Peters in Weston-super-Mare. Roalds parents had wanted him to be educated at an English public school and, because of a regular ferry link across the Bristol Channel. His time at St Peters was an unpleasant experience for him and he was very homesick and wrote to his mother every week but never revealed to her his unhappiness. Only after her death in 1967 did he find out that she had saved every single one of his letters, in 2016, to mark the centenary of Dahls birth, his letters to his mother were abridged and broadcast as BBC Radio 4s Book of the Week. Dahl wrote about his time at St Peters in his autobiography Boy, from 1929, he attended Repton School in Derbyshire. There are echoes of these experiences in Dahls writings and his hatred of cruelty

34.
The Gremlins
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The Gremlins is a childrens book, written by Roald Dahl and published in 1943. It was Dahls first childrens book, and was written for Walt Disney Productions, the story concerns mischievous mythical creatures, the Gremlins of the title, often invoked by Royal Air Force pilots as an explanation of mechanical troubles and mishaps. In Dahls book, the motivation for sabotaging British aircraft is revenge of the destruction of their forest home. Eventually, the gremlins are re-trained by the Royal Air Force to repair rather than sabotage aircraft, the publication of The Gremlins by Random House consisted of a 50,000 run for the U. S. S. Eleanor Roosevelt, who loved to read it to her grandchildren, the book was considered an international success with 30,000 more sold in Australia but initial efforts to reprint the book were precluded by a wartime paper shortage. Reviewed in major publications, Dahl was considered a writer-of-note and his appearances in Hollywood to follow up with the project were met with notices in Hedda Hoppers columns. By August 1943, Disney had even reconsidered an animated short based on The Gremlins, after a year of story conferences and related research, Dahl realised that his book would be the only tangible product emanating from the aborted film. The Dahl creations were used by Warner Bros. Cartoons in several World War II cartoons, most notably Russian Rhapsody and Falling Hare, several variations on gremlin characters were also used in World War II propaganda and as mascots for air units, such as Fifinella, who was used by the WASPs on their patches. The first was drawn by Vivie Risto and the rest of them by Walt Kelly and this served as their introduction to the comic book audience. These comics were reprinted in 1987 by Gladstone Publishing Ltd. A special edition of the book was produced to commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the United States Air Force and was distributed exclusively through the Army, the USAF special edition featured a unique dust jacket that bore the commemorative seal of the 60th USAF Anniversary. The inside flap of the dust jacket featured a history of the books role in improving morale for airmen. The initial distribution of the USAF 60th Anniversary commemorative edition sold out at all participating AAFES locations on the first day of sale. Used copies of the first edition book are highly prized and sought after by collectors of both Roald Dahls works and Disneys, these copies may be valued anywhere between US$100 and US$10,000. Nightmare at 20,000 Feet, a 1963 Twilight Zone episode, starring William Shatner, is an homage to the legend of gremlins, the role was played by John Lithgow in the 1983 movie. The Gremlins appear in the Epic Mickey franchise as tiny helpers of Mickey Mouse and their leader Gus serves as a conscience figure to Mickey. Unlike in the book, the Gremlins can teleport

35.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan

36.
Pogo (comics)
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Pogo is the title and central character of a long-running daily American comic strip, created by cartoonist Walt Kelly and distributed by the Post-Hall Syndicate. Set in the Okefenokee Swamp of the southeastern United States, the strip often engaged in social and political satire through the adventures of its anthropomorphic funny animal characters. Pogo combined both sophisticated wit and slapstick comedy in a heady mix of allegory, Irish poetry, literary whimsy, puns and wordplay, lushly detailed artwork. The same series of strips can be enjoyed on different levels by both children and savvy adults. The strip earned Kelly a Reuben Award in 1951, walter Crawford Kelly, Jr. was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 25,1913. His family moved to Bridgeport, Connecticut, when he was only two and he went to California at age 22 to work on Donald Duck cartoons at Walt Disney Studios in 1935. He stayed until the strike in 1941 as an animator on The Nifty Nineties, The Little Whirlwind, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Dumbo. Kelly then worked for Dell Comics, a division of Western Publishing of Racine, Kelly created the characters of Pogo the possum and Albert the alligator in 1941 for issue #1 of Dells Animal Comics, in the story Albert Takes the Cake. Both were comic foils for a black character named Bumbazine. Bumbazine was retired early, since Kelly found it hard to write for a human child and he eventually phased humans out of the comics entirely, preferring to use the animal characters for their comic potential. Kelly said he used animals — natures creatures, or natures screechers as he called them — largely because you can do more with animals and they dont hurt as easily, and its possible to make them more believable in an exaggerated pose. Pogo, formerly a spear according to Kelly, quickly took center stage. In 1948 he was hired to draw cartoons for the editorial page of the short-lived New York Star. The first comic series to make the permanent transition to newspapers, Pogo debuted on October 4,1948, on May 16,1949, Pogo was picked up for national distribution by the Post-Hall Syndicate. George Ward and Henry Shikuma were among Kellys assistants on the strip and it ran continuously until Kellys death from complications of diabetes on October 18,1973. It was then continued for a few years by Kellys widow Selby and son Stephen, Selby Kelly said in a 1982 interview that she decided to discontinue the strip, because newspapers had shrunk the size of strips to the point where people could not easily read it. Most characters were nominally male, but a few female characters appeared regularly. Kelly has been quoted as saying all the characters reflected different aspects of his own personality

37.
Opossum
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The opossums, also known as possums, are marsupial mammals of the order Didelphimorphia /daɪˌdɛlfᵻˈmɔːrfiə/). The largest order of marsupials in the Western Hemisphere, it comprises 103 or more species in 19 genera, opossums originated in South America, and entered North America in the Great American Interchange following the connection of the two continents. Their unspecialized biology, flexible diet, and reproductive habits make them successful colonizers and survivors in diverse locations and conditions, the word opossum is borrowed from the Powhatan language and was first recorded between 1607 and 1611 by John Smith and William Strachey. Both men encountered the language at the British settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, stracheys notes describe the opossum as a beast in bigness of a pig and in taste alike, while Smith recorded it hath an head like a swine. Tail like a rat. of the bigness of a cat, the Powhatan word ultimately derives from a Proto-Algonquian word meaning white dog or dog-like beast. The opossum is also known as a possum, particularly in the Southern United States. Didelphimorphia refers to the fact that, like all marsupials, these animals have two wombs, didelphimorphs are small to medium-sized marsupials, ranging in size from a small mouse to a large house cat. They tend to be omnivores, although there are many exceptions. Most members of this taxon have long snouts, a braincase. By mammalian standards, this is an unusually full jaw, the incisors are very small, the canines large, and the molars are tricuspid. Didelphimorphs have a stance and the hind feet have an opposable digit with no claw. Like some New World monkeys, opossums have prehensile tails, like all marsupials, the fur consists of awn hair only, and the females have a pouch. The tail and parts of the feet bear scutes, the stomach is simple, with a small cecum. Notably, the male opossum has a forked penis bearing twin glandes, opossums have a remarkably robust immune system, and show partial or total immunity to the venom of rattlesnakes, cottonmouths, and other pit vipers. Opossums are about eight times less likely to carry rabies than wild dogs, although all living opossums are essentially opportunistic omnivores, different species vary in the amount of meat and vegetation they include in their diet. Members of the Caluromyinae are essentially frugivorous, whereas the lutrine opossum, the yapok is particularly unusual, as it is the only living semi-aquatic marsupial, using its webbed hindlimbs to dive in search of freshwater mollusks and crayfish. As a marsupial, the female opossum has a system that includes a bifurcated vagina, a divided uterus and a marsupium. The average estrous cycle of the opossum is about 28 days, opossums do possess a placenta, but it is short-lived, simple in structure, and, unlike that of placental mammals, is not fully functional

38.
Anthropomorphic
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Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, and intentions to non-human entities and is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. Personification is the attribution of human form and characteristics to abstract concepts such as nations, emotions and natural forces like seasons. Both have ancient roots as storytelling and artistic devices, and most cultures have traditional fables with anthropomorphized animals as characters, people have also routinely attributed human emotions and behavioural traits to wild as well as domestic animals. Anthropomorphism derives from its verb form anthropomorphize, itself derived from the Greek ánthrōpos and it is first attested in 1753, originally in reference to the heresy of applying a human form to the Christian God. One of the oldest known is a sculpture, the Löwenmensch figurine, Germany. It is not possible to say what these prehistoric artworks represent, in either case there is an element of anthropomorphism. This anthropomorphic art has been linked by archaeologist Steven Mithen with the emergence of more systematic hunting practices in the Upper Palaeolithic. In religion and mythology, anthropomorphism refers to the perception of a divine being or beings in human form, ancient mythologies frequently represented the divine as deities with human forms and qualities. They resemble human beings not only in appearance and personality, they exhibited many human behaviors that were used to explain phenomena, creation. The deities fell in love, married, had children, fought battles, wielded weapons and they feasted on special foods, and sometimes required sacrifices of food, beverage, and sacred objects to be made by human beings. Some anthropomorphic deities represented specific concepts, such as love, war, fertility, beauty. Anthropomorphic deities exhibited human qualities such as beauty, wisdom, and power, and sometimes human weaknesses such as greed, hatred, jealousy, Greek deities such as Zeus and Apollo often were depicted in human form exhibiting both commendable and despicable human traits. Anthropomorphism in this case is referred to as anthropotheism, from the perspective of adherents to religions in which humans were created in the form of the divine, the phenomenon may be considered theomorphism, or the giving of divine qualities to humans. Anthropomorphism has cropped up as a Christian heresy, particularly prominently with the Audians in third century Syria, but also in fourth century Egypt and tenth century Italy. This often was based on an interpretation of Genesis 1,27, So God created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him. Some religions, scholars, and philosophers objected to anthropomorphic deities. Ethiopians say that their gods are snub–nosed and blackThracians that they are pale and he said that the greatest god resembles man neither in form nor in mind. Both Judaism and Islam reject an anthropomorphic deity, believing that God is beyond human comprehension, judaisms rejection of an anthropomorphic deity grew during the Hasmonean period, when Jewish belief incorporated some Greek philosophy. Judaisms rejection grew further after the Islamic Golden Age in the tenth century, hindus do not reject the concept of a deity in the abstract unmanifested, but note practical problems

39.
Okefenokee Swamp
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The Okefenokee Swamp is a shallow,438, 000-acre, peat-filled wetland straddling the Georgia–Florida line in the United States. A majority of the swamp is protected by the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, the Okefenokee Swamp is considered to be one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Georgia. The Okefenokee is the largest blackwater swamp in North America, the swamp was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1974. The name Okefenokee is attested with more than a dozen variant spellings of the word in historical literature, though often translated as land of trembling earth, the name is likely derived from Hitchiti oki fanôːki bubbling water. The Okefenokee was formed over the past 6,500 years by the accumulation of peat in a basin on the edge of an ancient Atlantic coastal terrace. The swamp is bordered by Trail Ridge, a strip of elevated land believed to have formed as coastal dunes or a barrier island. The St. Marys River and the Suwannee River both originate in the swamp, the Suwannee River originates as stream channels in the heart of the Okefenokee Swamp and drains at least 90 percent of the swamps watershed southwest toward the Gulf of Mexico. The earliest known inhabitants of the Okefenokee Swamp were the Timucua-speaking Oconi, the Spanish friars built the mission of Santiago de Oconi nearby in order to convert them to Christianity. Modern-day longtime residents of the Okefenokee Swamp, referred to as Swampers, are of overwhelmingly English ancestry, the Suwannee Canal was dug across the swamp in the late 19th century in a failed attempt to drain the Okefenokee. After the Suwannee Canal Companys bankruptcy, most of the swamp was purchased by the Hebard family of Philadelphia, several other logging companies ran railroad lines into the swamp until 1942, some remnants remain visible crossing swamp waterways. On the west side of the swamp, at Billys Island, logging equipment, most of the Okefenokee Swamp is included in the 403, 000-acre Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge. By May 31, more than 600,000 acres, or more than 935 square miles, had burned in the region, in 2011, the Honey Prairie Fire consumed 309,200 acres of land in the Swamp. State Road 2 passes through the Florida portion between the Georgia cities of Council and Moniac, the graded Swamp Perimeter Road encircles Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge. Gated and closed to use, it provides access for fire management of the interface between the federal refuge and the surrounding industrial tree farms. Many visitors enter the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge each year, the swamp provides an important economic resource to southeast Georgia and northeast Florida. About 400,000 people visit the swamp annually, with many from distant locations such as Germany, service providers at the refuge entrances and several local outfitters offer guided tours by motorboat, canoe, and kayak. The Okefenokee Swamp is part of the Southeastern conifer forests ecoregion, much of the Okefenokee is a southern coastal plain nonriverine basin swamp, forested by bald cypress and swamp tupelo trees. Upland areas support southern coastal plain oak domes and hammocks, thick stands of evergreen oaks, drier and more frequently burned areas support Atlantic coastal plain upland longleaf pine woodlands of longleaf pine

40.
Georgia (U.S. state)
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Georgia is a state in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1733, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies, named after King George II of Great Britain, Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2,1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 19,1861 and it was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15,1870. Georgia is the 24th largest and the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, from 2007 to 2008,14 of Georgias counties ranked among the nations 100 fastest-growing, second only to Texas. Georgia is known as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South, Atlanta is the states capital, its most populous city and has been named a global city. Georgia is bordered to the south by Florida, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, to the west by Alabama, the states northern part is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains system. Georgias highest point is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet above sea level, Georgia is the largest state entirely east of the Mississippi River in land area. Before settlement by Europeans, Georgia was inhabited by the mound building cultures, the British colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on February 12,1733. The colony was administered by the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America under a charter issued by King George II. The Trustees implemented a plan for the colonys settlement, known as the Oglethorpe Plan. In 1742 the colony was invaded by the Spanish during the War of Jenkins Ear, in 1752, after the government failed to renew subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Trustees turned over control to the crown. Georgia became a colony, with a governor appointed by the king. The Province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the State of Georgias first constitution was ratified in February 1777. Georgia was the 10th state to ratify the Articles of Confederation on July 24,1778, in 1829, gold was discovered in the North Georgia mountains, which led to the Georgia Gold Rush and an established federal mint in Dahlonega, which continued its operation until 1861. The subsequent influx of white settlers put pressure on the government to land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act into law, sending many eastern Native American nations to reservations in present-day Oklahoma, including all of Georgias tribes. Despite the Supreme Courts ruling in Worcester v. Georgia that ruled U. S. states were not permitted to redraw the Indian boundaries, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. In 1838, his successor, Martin Van Buren, dispatched troops to gather the Cherokee

41.
Publishers-Hall Syndicate
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Publishers-Hall Syndicate was a newspaper syndicate founded in 1944 by Robert M. Hall, the companys president and general manager. Hall had worked for The Providence Journal during high school, followed by three years at Northeastern Law School and four years at Brown University, after attending the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, he was a sales manager at United Feature Syndicate, which he joined in 1935. Soon, Hall developed his own features, including a variety of strips, Debbie Dean, Mark Trail and Bruce Gentry. The company was incorporated as the New York Post Syndicate in August 1946, New features added in 1948–49 included Walt Kellys Pogo, the adventure strip Tex Austin, Victor Riesels Inside Labor column and a facts panel, Wizard of Odds. On March 1,1949, the company was renamed as the Post-Hall Syndicate, Inc. and during the 1950s, the name was shortened to the Hall Syndicate after Robert Hall bought out the Post in 1955. Jules Feiffers strips ran for 42 years in The Village Voice, first under the title Sick Sick Sick, briefly as Feiffers Fables, influenced by UPA and William Steig, the strip debuted October 24,1956. Three years later, beginning April 1959, Feiffer was distributed nationally by the Hall Syndicate, initially in The Boston Globe, Minneapolis Star Tribune, Newark Star-Ledger and Long Island Press. In 1967, the company was sold to Field Enterprises, who merged it with the previously acquired Publishers Syndicate to form the Publishers-Hall Syndicate, columnists featured by Publishers-Hall Syndicate included Rowland Evans Jr. Joseph Kraft and Sydney J. Harris. John McMeel was assistant general manager and national director for the Publishers-Hall Syndicate when he began what would become Andrews McMeel Universal in 1970. It was later renamed Field Newspaper Syndicate, in yet another name change, it was renamed News America Syndicate after the company was purchased by News Corporation in 1984. Hearst bought the syndicate in 1986 and renamed it North America Syndicate and it is now part of Hearsts syndication division, King Features Syndicate

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make P

1.
From top left, the Philadelphia skyline, a statue of Benjamin Franklin, the Liberty Bell, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia City Hall, and Independence Hall

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An 18th century map of Philadelphia.

3.
Penn's Treaty with the Indians by Benjamin West

4.
Benjamin Franklin, 1777

Woodland Hills, California
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Woodland Hills is a neighborhood bordering the Santa Monica Mountains in the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. Woodland Hills is an affluent neighborhood in the region of the San Fernando Valley which is located east of Calabasas. On the north it is bordered by West Hills, Canoga Park, and Winnetka, some neighborhoo

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Woodland Hills, California in the foreground, including Warner Center, from the Top of Topanga Overlook

2.
William Howard Taft High School

3.
Orr Barouch

4.
Ryan Lavarnway

Animator
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An animator is an artist who creates multiple images, known as frames, which give an illusion of movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence. Animators can work in a variety of fields including film, television, Animation is closely related to filmmaking and like filmmaking is extremely labor-intensive, which means that most signific

Cartoonist
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A cartoonist is a visual artist who specializes in drawing cartoons. This work is created for entertainment, political commentary, or advertising. The English satirist and editorial cartoonist William Hogarth, who emerged In the 18th century, has credited with pioneering Western sequential art. His work ranged from realistic portraiture to comic se

1.
Cartoonist Jack Elrod at work on a Sunday page of the Mark Trail comic strip

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Benjamin Franklin 's " Join, or Die " (1754), credited as the first cartoon published in an American newspaper.

3.
Charles Dana Gibson was an influential American cartoonist in the early 20th century.

4.
Dip pens have traditionally been a popular drawing tool for cartoonists.

Comic strip
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A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions. With the development of the internet, they began to online as web comics. There were more than 200 different comic strips and daily cartoon panels in American newspapers alone each

Pogo (comic strip)
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Pogo is the title and central character of a long-running daily American comic strip, created by cartoonist Walt Kelly and distributed by the Post-Hall Syndicate. Set in the Okefenokee Swamp of the southeastern United States, the strip often engaged in social and political satire through the adventures of its anthropomorphic funny animal characters

1.
Pogo daily strip from Earth Day, 1971

The Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also ope

1.
The Walt Disney Studios (corporate headquarters).

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The building in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Los Feliz which was home to the studio from 1923 to 1926

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Original poster for Flowers and Trees (1932).

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The original Animation Building at the Walt Disney Studios.

Pinocchio (1940 film)
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Pinocchio is a 1940 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based on the Italian childrens novel The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. It was the animated feature film produced by Disney, made after the success of Snow White. The plot of the film involves an old wood-carver named Geppetto who carves a

1.
Theatrical release poster

2.
Ollie Johnston

3.
Frank Thomas

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Dickie Jones (right) voices Pinocchio in the film.

Fantasia (1940 film)
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Fantasia is a 1940 American animated film produced by Walt Disney and released by Walt Disney Productions. With story direction by Joe Grant and Dick Huemer, and production supervision by Ben Sharpsteen, the film consists of eight animated segments set to pieces of classical music conducted by Leopold Stokowski, seven of which are performed by the

1.
Theatrical release poster

2.
Leopold Stokowski conducted the film's score.

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Deems Taylor was the film's Master of Ceremonies, who introduced each segment in live action interstitial scenes.

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Disney acting out a scene in The Sorcerer's Apprentice for Taylor and Stokowski.

Dumbo
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Dumbo is a 1941 American animated film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The fourth Disney animated feature film, it is based upon the written by Helen Aberson. The main character is Jumbo Jr. a semi-anthropomorphic elephant who is cruelly nicknamed Dumbo and he is ridiculed for his big ears, but in fact he is

1.
Original 1941 release poster

Dell Comics
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Dell Comics was the comic book publishing arm of Dell Publishing, which got its start in pulp magazines. It published comics from 1929 to 1974, at its peak, it was the most prominent and successful American company in the medium. In 1953 Dell claimed to be the worlds largest comics publisher, the company formed a partnership in 1938 with Western Pu

1.
Dell Comics

Irish-American
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Irish Americans are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics. About 33.3 million Americans—10. 5% of the total population—reported Irish ancestry in the 2013 American Community Survey conducted by the U. S. Census

Bridgeport, Connecticut
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Bridgeport is a seaport city in the U. S. state of Connecticut. It is the largest city in the state and is located in Fairfield County at the mouth of the Pequonnock River on Long Island Sound, Bridgeport had a population of 144,229 during the 2010 Census, making it also the 5th-most populous in New England. It is bordered by the towns of Trumbull

Connecticut Post
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The Connecticut Post is a daily newspaper located in Bridgeport, Connecticut. It serves Fairfield County and the Lower Naugatuck Valley, the newspaper is owned and operated by the Hearst Communications, a multinational corporate media conglomerate with $4 billion in revenues. The Connecticut Post also gained revenue by offering classified advertisi

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The December 22, 2006 front page of the Connecticut Post

2.
Vending box

P. T. Barnum
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Phineas Taylor P. T. Barnum was an American politician, showman, and businessman remembered for promoting celebrated hoaxes and for founding the Barnum & Bailey Circus. Barnum is widely, but erroneously, credited with coining the phrase Theres a sucker born every minute, born in Bethel, Connecticut, Barnum became a small-business owner in his early

Journalism
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Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on the interaction of events, facts, ideas, and people that are the news of the day and that informs society to at least some degree. The word applies to the occupation, the methods of gathering information, journalistic media include, print, television, radio, Internet, and, in the past, new

1.
Journalism

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Photojournalists photographing President Barack Obama

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Photo and broadcast journalists interviewing government official after a building collapse

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Walter Lippmann in 1914

Milton Caniff
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Milton Arthur Paul Milt Caniff was an American cartoonist famous for the Terry and the Pirates and Steve Canyon comic strips. Caniff was born in Hillsboro, Ohio and he was an Eagle Scout and a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award from the Boy Scouts of America. Caniff did cartoons for local newspapers while studying at Stivers High Scho

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Milton Caniff during 1982.

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Birthplace of Milton Caniff located at 149 East North Street in Hillsboro, Ohio.

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Milton Caniff Ohio Historical Marker located at the Highland County District Library in Hillsboro, Ohio.

4.
Milton Caniff

Al Capp
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He also wrote the comic strips Abbie an Slats and Long Sam. He won the National Cartoonists Societys Reuben Award in 1947 for Cartoonist of the Year, Comic strips dealt with northern urban experiences until the year Capp introduced Lil Abner, the first strip based in the South. M. Thomas Inge says Capp made a personal fortune on the strip and had a

1.
Self-portrait

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"I do Li'l Abner!!," a self-portrait by Al Capp, excerpted from the April 16–17, 1951 Li'l Abner strips. Note the reference to Milton Caniff.

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Al Capp drew his own autobiography, the 34-page Al Capp by Li'l Abner (1946), distributed to returning World War II amputee veterans.

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Al Capp at 1966 Art Festival in Florida

Donald Duck
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Donald Duck is a cartoon character created in 1934 at Walt Disney Productions. Donald is a white duck with a yellow-orange bill, legs. He typically wears a shirt and cap with a bow tie. Donald is most famous for his speech and his mischievous. Along with his friend Mickey Mouse, Donald is one of the most popular Disney characters and was included i

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Donald worked in a Nazi factory in Der Fuehrer's Face (1943)

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Donald Duck/ Wawa Goose

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Carl Barks (1994)

4.
Donald's house boat at Mickey's Toontown, Disneyland

Walt Disney
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Walter Elias Walt Disney was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons, as a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was

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Disney in 1946

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Walt's parents, Elias and Flora (Call) Disney

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10-year-old Walt Disney (center right) at a gathering of Kansas City newsboys in 1912.

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Disney as an ambulance driver immediately after World War I

Ward Kimball
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Ward Walrath Kimball, born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was an animator for the Walt Disney Studios. He was one of Walt Disneys team of animators, known as Disneys Nine Old Men and he was also a jazz trombonist. He founded and led the seven-piece Dixieland band Firehouse Five Plus Two, while Kimball was a brilliant draftsman, he preferred to work on

3.
The Ward Kimball pulls into New Orleans Square Station at Disneyland.

Nine Old Men
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All members of the group are now deceased. John Lounsbery was the first to die, in 1976 from heart failure, and the last survivor was Ollie Johnston, all have been acknowledged as Disney Legends. Les Clark, who joined Disney in 1927 and his specialty was animating Mickey Mouse as he was the only one of the Nine Old Men to work on that character fro

1.
Frank Thomas (center) with best friend Ollie Johnston and their wives in 1985

DC Comics
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DC Comics, Inc. is an American comic book publisher. It is the unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. a division of Time Warner, the company has also published non-DC Universe-related material, including Watchmen, V for Vendetta and many titles under their alternative imprint Vertigo. The initials DC came from th

1.
1987 test logo.

2.
The current DC Comics logo

Mastro Geppetto
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Mister Geppetto, also Mastro Geppetto, is a fictional character in the novel The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. Geppetto is an elderly, impoverished woodcarver and the creator of Pinocchio and he wears a yellow wig resembling cornmeal mush, and consequently his neighbors call him Polendina to annoy him. Geppetto is a form of Giuseppe. Ge

1.
Geppetto carving Pinocchio.

2.
Geppetto, in a calm manner.

Mickey Mouse
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Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928, an anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey has become one of the worlds most recognizable characters. Mickey f

1.
Concept art of Mickey from early 1928; the sketches are the earliest known drawings of the character, from the collection of The Walt Disney Family Museum.

2.
Mickey Mouse

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Mickey's first appearance in Steamboat Willie (1928).

4.
Mickey in Fantasia (1940).

The Little Whirlwind
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The Little Whirlwind is a 1941 animated short subject, part of the Mickey Mouse series, produced by Walt Disney for Walt Disney Productions. The short was released by RKO Radio Pictures on February 14,1941, the short involves Mickeys attempts to help Minnie with her yard work, despite the presence of several twisters as foils. While walking by Minn

1.
Mickey Mouse and his tornado antagonist in The Little Whirlwind

Tornado
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A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that spins while in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 110 miles per hour, are about 250 feet across, the most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than 300 miles per ho

1.
A tornado near Anadarko, Oklahoma. The funnel is the thin tube reaching from the cloud to the ground. The lower part of this tornado is surrounded by a translucent dust cloud, kicked up by the tornado's strong winds at the surface. The wind of the tornado has a much wider radius than the funnel itself.

2.
A tornado near Seymour, Texas 1987

3.
This tornado has no funnel cloud; however, the rotating dust cloud indicates that strong winds are occurring at the surface, and thus it is a true tornado.

The Three Caballeros
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The Three Caballeros is a 1944 American animated musical package film produced by Walt Disney and released by RKO Radio Pictures. The film premiered in Mexico City on December 21,1944 and it was released in the United States on February 3,1945 and in the UK that March. The seventh Disney animated feature film, the film plots an adventure through pa

1.
The Three Caballeros: Donald Duck, José "Zé" Carioca and Panchito

2.
Original theatrical release poster

Our Gang
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Our Gang is a series of American comedy short films about a group of poor neighborhood children and their adventures. The series broke new ground by portraying white and black boys, the franchise began in 1922 as a series of silent short subjects produced by the Roach studio and released by Pathé Exchange. Roach changed distributors from Pathé to M

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Title card for the 1937 Our Gang comedy Rushin' Ballet.

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An original theatrical poster for the Our Gang comedy Baby Brother. The premise of this short has Allen "Farina" Hoskins (center) paint a black baby with white shoe polish so that he can sell him to lonely rich boy Joe Cobb (right) as a baby brother.

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(From left to right) Ernie "Sunshine Sammy" Morrison, Andy Samuel, Allen "Farina" Hoskins, Mickey Daniels and Joe Cobb in a 1923 still from one of the earliest Our Gang comedies.

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Jackie Cooper in the 1930 short School's Out.

Walt Disney's Comics and Stories
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The precursor to WDC was Mickey Mouse Magazine, published in several incarnations from 1933 to 1940. WDC itself was launched in October 1940, and initially consisted of reprints taken from the Disney comic strips Donald Duck, Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphonies reformatted for comic books and colored. The first original story created for WDC was an a

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Walt Disney's Comics and Stories #699, Boom! Kids

Raggedy Ann
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Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children. Raggedy Ann is a rag doll with red yarn for hair and has a triangle nose, Johnny Gruelle received US Patent D47789 for his Raggedy Ann doll on September 7,1915. The character was created in 1915 as a doll, and was i

Pantomime
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Pantomime, is a type of musical comedy stage production, designed for family entertainment. It was developed in England and is performed throughout the United Kingdom, generally during the Christmas and New Year season and, to a lesser extent. It is a form of theatre, in which the audience is expected to sing along with certain parts of the music.

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Dan Leno and Herbert Campbell in Babes in the Wood, 1897, at the Drury Lane Theatre

Roald Dahl
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Roald Dahl was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books have more than 250 million copies worldwide. He rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for children and adults and he became one of the worlds best-selling authors. He has been referred to as one of the greatest storytellers for children of t

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Dahl in 1954

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Mrs Pratchett's former sweet shop in Llandaff, Cardiff has a blue plaque commemorating the mischief a young Roald Dahl played on her by putting a mouse in the gobstoppers jar.

The Gremlins
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The Gremlins is a childrens book, written by Roald Dahl and published in 1943. It was Dahls first childrens book, and was written for Walt Disney Productions, the story concerns mischievous mythical creatures, the Gremlins of the title, often invoked by Royal Air Force pilots as an explanation of mechanical troubles and mishaps. In Dahls book, the

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Cover of the first edition of The Gremlins

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Roald Dahl, c. 1954

World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directl

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Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the Battle of Wanjialing, Australian 25-pounder guns during the First Battle of El Alamein, German Stuka dive bombers on the Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the Lingayen Gulf, Wilhelm Keitel signing the German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad

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The League of Nations assembly, held in Geneva, Switzerland, 1930

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Adolf Hitler at a German National Socialist political rally in Weimar, October 1930

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Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the Second Italo-Abyssinian War

Pogo (comics)
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Pogo is the title and central character of a long-running daily American comic strip, created by cartoonist Walt Kelly and distributed by the Post-Hall Syndicate. Set in the Okefenokee Swamp of the southeastern United States, the strip often engaged in social and political satire through the adventures of its anthropomorphic funny animal characters

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Pogo daily strip from Earth Day, 1971

Opossum
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The opossums, also known as possums, are marsupial mammals of the order Didelphimorphia /daɪˌdɛlfᵻˈmɔːrfiə/). The largest order of marsupials in the Western Hemisphere, it comprises 103 or more species in 19 genera, opossums originated in South America, and entered North America in the Great American Interchange following the connection of the two

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Sleeping Virginia opossum with babies in her relaxed pouch

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A Virginia opossum inhabiting a piano in Houston, Texas, shortly before its release

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Juvenile opossum hissing defensively.

Anthropomorphic
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Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human traits, emotions, and intentions to non-human entities and is considered to be an innate tendency of human psychology. Personification is the attribution of human form and characteristics to abstract concepts such as nations, emotions and natural forces like seasons. Both have ancient roots as storytelli

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In this illustration by Milo Winter of Aesop 's fable, " The North Wind and the Sun ", an anthropomorphic North Wind tries to strip the cloak off of a traveler

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The 40,000-year-old Löwenmensch figurine

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From the Panchatantra: Rabbit fools Elephant by showing the reflection of the moon

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Anthropomorphic pareidolia by Giuseppe Arcimboldo

Okefenokee Swamp
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The Okefenokee Swamp is a shallow,438, 000-acre, peat-filled wetland straddling the Georgia–Florida line in the United States. A majority of the swamp is protected by the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge, the Okefenokee Swamp is considered to be one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Georgia. The Okefenokee is the largest blackwater swamp in North

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An alligator lounges on a log in the Okefenokee Swamp.

Georgia (U.S. state)
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Georgia is a state in the southeastern United States. It was established in 1733, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies, named after King George II of Great Britain, Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2,1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 19,1861 and it was the last state to

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A girl spinner in a Georgia cotton mill, 1909.

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Flag

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Road to Brasstown Bald

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Jekyll Island

Publishers-Hall Syndicate
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Publishers-Hall Syndicate was a newspaper syndicate founded in 1944 by Robert M. Hall, the companys president and general manager. Hall had worked for The Providence Journal during high school, followed by three years at Northeastern Law School and four years at Brown University, after attending the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism

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The Hall Syndicate's Pogo (May 31, 1964)

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Walt Kelly's 1967 caricatures of Robert Hall and the Hall Syndicate cartoonists. To see the details in this image, go here.

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The Pirate Publisher—An International Burlesque that has the Longest Run on Record, from Puck, 1886, satirizes the then-existing situation where a publisher could profit by simply stealing newly published works from one country, and publishing them in another, and vice versa.

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A copyright certificate for proof of the Fermat theorem, issued by the State Department of Intellectual Property of Ukraine.

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Images from top, left to right: Downtown Waycross, Confederate memorial, alligator in the Okefenokee Swamp, Waycross City Hall, World War I memorial, Downtown Waycross Historic District, Ware County Courthouse

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As the logos on the window show, the RKD shares the same building located at Den Haag Centraal with the National Archives, the Nederlands Letterkundig Museum (nl) (LM), the Huygens ING, the Netherlands Music Institute (NMI) and the Koninklijke Bibliotheek.