Sperm storage is also called cryopreservation or semen cryopreservation or sperm banking. Sperm storage is an artificial reproductive technology that allow patients with medical conditions otherwise preventing or affecting their fertility to reproduce. Sperm storage is part of a variety of services that can assist with fertility. To be eligible for reimbursement under a consumer-directed healthcare account, sperm storage must be deemed medically necessary by a medical professional who can provide a Letter of Medical Necessity (LMN). Storage fees may not exceed 12 months.

Patients undergoing embryo and egg storage have their reproductive materials frozen for use in a medical procedure that ultimately allows the patient to reproduce. Egg storage for potential future use is not reimbursable. Fees for storage that last over 12 months are also not reimbursable. Egg and embryo storage fees may only be reimbursed for a medically necessary reproduction plan that requires storage for 12 months or less.

The longest successful reported storage time for sperm is 22 years, which means that 22 years after storing that sperm, it was successfully used to create a human embryo. Sperm can hypothetically be stored indefinitely.

Sperm storage is considered medically necessary if a medical doctor determines that the fertility will take place soon, and with no alternative option. In other words, the sperm storage must be determined to be the only medical option for fertility. It can not be medically necessary if the sperm storage is only being used as a backup plan or potential plan.