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It is not known how this drug lowers blood sugar. Bromocriptine has been reported to reduce A1C by 0.6% to 0.7% when taken alone or with other oral diabetes drugs. It also has reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with type 2 diabetes. However, it is generally less beneficial than other oral diabetes drugs.

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Capsaicin is a chemical found in hot peppers. Capsaicin creams and patches are sold over the counter to treat many minor aches, including arthritis, tendonitis, and back pain. The prescription patch (Qutenza) is FDA-approved to treat postherpetic neuralgia, the nerve pain caused by a shingles infection. The patch is applied to the skin over the painful area for an hour. This should be done by a doctor.

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If you are taking a 5-HT3 antagonist, linezolid, metaxalone, metoclopramide, nitroglycerin, tedizolid, an opioid, or an MAO inhibitor, bromocriptine can lead to serious side effects and should be avoided.

If you are taking conivaptan, idelalisib, fusidic acid, lorcaserin, tizanidine, a triptan, a protease inhibitor, a typical antipsychotic, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or a strong CYP3A4 enzyme inhibitor, bromocriptine can lead to side effects and should be avoided.

If you are taking bupropion, methylphenidate, or tramadol, bromocriptine may not be a good option for you.

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Side effects may include dizziness, weakness, headache, lazy eye, sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, postnasal drip, flu-like symptoms, very low blood pressure, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Bromocriptine can make it dangerous to drive or to operate machinery.

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"Growing evidence indicates that ketamine causes neurotoxicity in a variety of developing animal models, leading to a serious concern regarding the safety of pediatric anesthesia. However, if and how ketamine induces human neural cell toxicity is unknown. Recapitulation of neurogenesis from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro allows investigation of the toxic effects of ketamine on neural stem cells (NSCs) and developing neurons, which is impossible to perform in humans.

A study assessed the influence of ketamine on the hESC-derived NSCs and neurons. The results showed that ketamine exerted potentially toxic effects on both neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurons. Short-term exposure (six hours) caused NSC proliferation. However, prolonged ketamine exposure led to a significant increase in apoptosis in neurons but not in NSCs, suggesting that NSCs are more resistant to cell death than neurons.

These data demonstrated for the first time that:

Ketamine increases NSC proliferation and causes neuronal apoptosis

Mitochondria are involved in ketamine-induced neuronal toxicity, which can be prevented by Trolox

The stem cell-associated neurogenesis system may provide a simple and promising in vitro model for rapidly screening anesthetic neurotoxicity and studying the underlying mechanisms as well as prevention strategies to avoid this toxic effect.

In addition, given the toxic effect on the neurons seen in one of the cultures in the study, short-term, low-dose ketamine might be a safer strategy for a brief procedure or other sedation in children." (Xiaowen Bai, MD, PhD, et al., "Ketamine Enhances Human Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Induces Neuronal Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrial Pathway," Anesthesia & Analgesia, April 2013, pp. 869-880.)

An opioid or opiate is a broad category of drugs that are best known as painkillers. These are naturally derived from the poppy plant and include opium, codeine and morphine, or are synthetic and semisynthetic variants of those molecules. Hydrocodone and oxycodone are the most abused opiates.

Opiates block pain, but also unleash intense feelings of well-being and can create physical dependence. The withdrawal symptoms are also intense, with users complaining of cramps, diarrhea, muddled thinking and nausea and vomiting.

Cevimeline HCL is a medication which treats the symptoms of dry mouth in patients with Sjogen's syndrome. The medication may cause serious side effects. Seek medical help immediately if you are taking Cevimeline HCL and have any of the following symptoms:confusion

shaking hands

changes in blood pressure

changes in heartbeat

abdominal cramping

difficulty breathing

excessive sweating

watery eyes

severe headache

changes in vision

Cevimeline HCL may also cause milder side effects, such as sweating, runny nose, and nausea.

People who take monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors must avoid certain foods and beverages, including yogurt, aged cheese, pickles, beer or red wine, and other foods containing the amino acid tyramine. Combining tyramine with MAO inhibitors can raise blood pressure to dangerously high levels, possibly resulting in stroke. They must also avoid certain over-the-counter medications, including some cough and cold remedies and weight-loss supplements.