In Japan, prefectural and municipal public health institutes (PHIs) report isolation/detection of infectious agents from specimens collected by sentinel clinics and hospitals under the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, other medical institutions and health centers.

From January to November 2012, PHIs in Tokyo Metropolitan and 17 prefectures (Yamagata, Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Chiba, Niigata, Toyama, Yamanashi, Nagano, Gifu, Aichi, Mie, Osaka, Hyogo, Okayama, Yamaguchi and Miyazaki) reported 88 measles virus isolation/detection. *Measles viruses were detected from each age group between 0-4 years and 40-44 years. Both children and adults should pay attention to measles.

[Genotype not typed] 4 cases; 2 cases in July, one case in August and one case in December. In Tokyo, 2 exanthem cases in July (vaccination history is unknown). In Tokyo, one domestic sporadic case in August. In Tokyo, a hand, foot and mouth disease case in December (post-MR vaccination, vaccination date is unknown).

[Genotype D4] 6 cases; 4 cases in February one case in March and one case in July. In Tokyo, 2 cases in February; one case developed measles 12 days after visiting Viet Nam (3 days before returning home) and one domestic sporadic case. In Chiba, one domestic sporadic case in February. In Osaka, one case in February developed measles 6 days after returning from UK/France. In Toyama, one case in March developed measles after returning from Pakistan. In Tokyo, one domestic sporadic case in July.

[Genotype D8] 45 cases; 14 cases in January, 15 cases in February, 7 cases in March, one case in May, one case in August and 7 cases in September. In Chiba, 3 cases in January and 3 cases in February; one domestic case who developed measles after contact with a family member who developed measles in December 2011, one domestic sporadic case and a family member, and 3 domestic sporadic cases. In Tokyo, one case in January developed measles 3 days before returning from Thailand. In Aichi, 24 domestic cases including sporadic cases, familial contact cases and outbreak cases; 5 cases in January, 12 cases in February and 7 cases in March. In Gifu, one domestic sporadic case and 2 family members in January. In Yamanashi, one domestic sporadic case in February. In Tokyo, one case in May developed measles 7 days after returning from Thailand/Cambodia. In Miyazaki, one case in August developed measles 10 days after returning from Thailand and 7 secondary/tertiary contact cases in Septeber.

[Genotype D9] 11 cases; 2 cases in January, 5 cases in February, one case in March, one case in August, one case in September and one case in December. In Okayama, 2 family members developed measles 10 and 18 days after returning from Philippines in January and 3 secondary/tertiary contact cases in February. In Tokyo, one domestic sporadic case in February. In Chiba, one domestic sporadic case in February. In Tochigi, one domestic case of a familial outbreak in March. In Hyogo, one case in August developed measles 7 days after returning from Philippines. In Chiba, one domestic sporadic case in September. In Yamanashi, one case in December developed measles 8 days after returning from Indonesia.*New

[Genotype H1] 7 cases; one case in May, 4 cases in June, one case in July and one case in October. In Fukushima, one case in May developed measles 5 days after returning from Taiwan and 4 secondary/tertiary contact cases in June. In Chiba, one case in July developed measles 5 days after arrival from China. In Tokyo, one domestic sporadic case in October.

[Genotype A (vaccine type)] 15 cases; 2 cases in February, 5 cases in March, 2 cases in May, 2 cases in June and 4 cases in December. In Ibaraki, a measles-suspected case in Febnuary [from the specimen taken 16 days after MR vaccination. Rubella virus genotype 1a (vaccine type) was simultaneously detected]. In Niigata, a measles-suspected case in February (from the specimen taken 18 days after MR vaccination). In Chiba, a measles-suspected case in March (from the specimen taken 13 days after MR vaccination). In Yamanashi, a measles-suspected case in March (from the specimen taken 20 days after MR vaccination). In Mie, 2 measles-suspected case in March (both from the specimen taken 12 days after MR vaccination). In Yamaguchi, a lower-respiratory inflamation case in March (from the specimen taken 10 days after MR vaccination). In Chiba, a measles-suspected case in May (from the specimen taken 19 days after MR vaccination). In Yamaguchi, a herpangina case in May (vaccination history is unknown). In Nagano, a measles-suspected case in June (from specimen taken 11 days after MR vaccination). In Yamaguchi, a upper-respiratory inflamation case in June (from the specimen taken 11days after MR vaccination). In Yamagata, a herpangina case in December (from the specimen taken 9 days after MR vaccination). In Tokyo, an exanthem case in December (from the specimen taken 11days after MR vaccination). In Mie, a measles-suspectedcase in December (from the specimen taken 9 days after MR vaccination). In Hyogo, a measles-suspectedcase in December (from the specimen taken 13days after MR vaccination).