The limestone sculpture is just over 8 cm (3.25 in) tall. It was described by Sotheby's as "one of the last known masterworks from the dawn of civilization remaining in private hands".[2] One day before the auction, experts had been estimating that the highest bid would be between $14 million and $18 million.[3]

At the time of its 2007 sale, the price paid at auction for the Guennol Lioness was the highest paid for a sculpture to that date. It easily exceeded the record of Pablo Picasso's Tete de femme (Dora Maar). On 3 February 2010, however, the second edition of the cast of the sculpture L'Homme qui marche I (Walking Man I) by Alberto Giacometti sold for £65,001,250 ($104,327,006) and surpassed the Guennol Lioness as the most expensive sculpture ever sold at auction.[4]

This lioness-woman sculpture is an Elamite figure believed to have been created circa 3000–2800 B.C. Its historical significance is that it is thought to have been created at approximately the same time as the first known use of the wheel, the development of cuneiform writing, and the emergence of the first cities.[5][6]

Many ancient Near Eastdeities were represented in anthropomorphic figures. Such images evoked the Mesopotamian belief in attaining power over the physical world by combining the superior physical attributes of various species. It is possible that the nearby Sumerians borrowed this powerful artistic hybrid from the Proto-Elamites.[7] The lioness was the frequent subject of veneration among cultures familiar with the well-coordinated hunting of female lions.