The effects of diet therapy with aerobic exercise on physical fitness, anti-atherosclerosis and blood pressure were examined in obese women. The subjects were divided into 4 groups, with two diet therapy groups consisting of 700kcal/day ( ; NT-I) and 1000kcal/day ( ; NT-II) and two diet with exercise therapy groups with a calorie intake consisting of 1000kcal/day ( ; CT-I) and 1300kcal/day ( ; CT-II). The exercise therapy was carried out using physical training with a bicycle ergometer while the intensity level was set at the blood lactate threshold (LT) with an energy consumption of 300kcal/day. All four different therapies were carried out for 4 weeks. In this study, following the therapy period, the body weight and percent body fat (%FAT) decreased significantly in all groups. The lean body mass (LBM) decreased significantly in the NT-I,NT-II and CT-I,while it did not substantially change in the CT-II.A positive significant correlation occurred between maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) and LBM.A negative significant correlation occurred between an energy balance of intake and consumption and body weight or %FAT,and a positive significant correlation occurred between the calorie intake and body weight. Both the HDL-C and HDL2-C decreased significantly in the NT-I and CT-I,but did not substantially change in the NT-II,while it increased in the CT-II.The TC/HDL-C ratio decreased significantly in the NT-I and CT-II.Both the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio decreased significantly in the CT-II.The systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in all groups. The serum taurine decreased significantly in the CT group. The plasma prostaglandin E decreased significantly in all groups, while plasma prostaglandin E_2 increase significantly in CT group. These results suggested that a combined nutrition and exercise regimen may therefore be important in reducing body weight as well as for improving the lipoprotein profiles in obese patients.