I've been working on Michael Hartl's Rails tutorial app to basically make a replica of twitter. I'm running into a problem in my test suite. One difference between my code and Hartl's code is that I didn't feel like installing FactoryGirl to generate test users, so I create a user at the beginning of the test. I feel like this may be part of the issue but would like to understand what exactly is wrong. My test script below (I'm getting the error at the line: fill_in "Email", with: user.email):

UPDATE: Managed to resolve on my own -
I ended up resolving by creating the user instance within the describe with valid information block like so, then referring directly to the instance I created instead of using the let(:user) method.