Frustrated Obama's risky strategy: Going it alone

US President Barack Obama sits inside the Oval Office on Monday (local time) as he prepares for his State of the Union Address to the nation on Capitol Hill.

Reuters

Duck Dynasty television show star Willie Robertson (centre) waves as he sits with his wife Korie (left) in the visitor's gallery of the US House of Representatives before the start of US President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech on Capitol Hill in Washington.

Reuters

US Vice President Joe Biden (left) whispers to Speaker of the House John Boehner (R-OH).

Reuters

First lady Michelle Obama gives two thumbs up to US Army Ranger Sergeant First Class Cory Remsburg, injured while serving in Afghanistan, as she arrives prior to President Barack Obama's State of the Union speech.

Reuters

US President Barack Obama acknowledges applause before delivering his State of the Union address in front of the US Congress.

Reuters

President Barack Obama delivers his State of the Union speech on Capitol Hill in Washington DC.

NIKKI KAHN/Washington Post

President Barack Obama delivers his annual State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on Tuesday in Washington.

This wasn't the presidency Barack Obama had in mind after winning his historic election five years ago. But it is the one he believes he has left.

For the first time since taking office, Obama spoke to Congress on Tuesday evening (this afternoon, NZT) from a clear position of confrontation, threatening to veto new Iran sanctions, warning against further moves against his health care law and demanding action on a series of previously proposed economic measures.

The areas he identified for possible co-operation with a divided Congress have shrunk, leaving an agenda filled out by a growing number of modest initiatives that he told lawmakers intends to carry out alone.

Among them is an executive order raising the minimum wage paid under future federal contracts. In a tone less resigned than dismissive, Obama said intends to implement more than a dozen others this year, including initiatives to improve job-training skills, technology in classrooms and fuel-efficiency standards in trucks.

The approach, outlined in a State of the Union speech that ran more than a hour, reflect the White House's conclusion that Obama spent too much time last year in conflict with recalcitrant lawmakers, rather than using the unilateral powers in his grasp.

But the go-it-mostly-alone strategy risks further antagonising Congress and resting part of his legacy on executive actions that do not have the permanence, or breadth, of major legislation.

The more executive-style presidency scores high with the public after years of political deadlock in Washington. It also marks a refiguring of Brand Obama, the politician who promised to govern more modestly and co-operatively with the opposition after the polarising years of the George W Bush administration.

In his fifth State of the Union address, Obama set that aside.

By declaring his intention to ignore Congress when necessary as lawmakers looked on, the president framed an election-year debate about which party is more determined to solve the nation's enduring economic problems.

He called his ideas "a set of concrete, practical proposals to speed up growth, strengthen the middle class and build new ladders of opportunity into the middle class".

"Some require congressional action, and I'm eager to work with all of you," he said. "But America does not stand still - and neither will I. So wherever and whenever I can take steps without legislation to expand opportunity for more American families, that's what I'm going to do."

The speech revealed Obama's frustration about his lack of progress in key areas, and the diminishing time left to secure his legacy after a largely lost year. He scolded Congress for last year's 16-day government shutdown, saying the paralysis showed that "we are not doing right by the American people".

He called on Congress to take up gun control again after defeating his proposals to restrict sales last year, help close the military prison at Guantanamo Bay, and refrain from working to repeal the Affordable Care Act after dozens of unsuccessful attempts.

"We owe it to the American people to say what we are for," Obama said, "not just what we are against".

Obama's speech showed just how much the "hope and change" he promised in his 2008 campaign has been honed down by years of partisan conflict, replaced by the narrower ambitions on display on Tuesday night.

The core of the speech was a series of specific policy prescriptions to address the tenuous condition of the United States' middle class and the disparity in opportunity that economic imbalances have opened. His tone was populist, if not overtly partisan.

In one reference that drew raucous bipartisan applause, Obama noted proudly that House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, was the "son of a barkeep", prompting a thumbs-up from his sometimes partisan opponent seated behind him.

"After four years of economic growth, corporate profits and stock prices have rarely been higher, and those at the top have never done better," Obama said. "But average wages have barely budged. Inequality has deepened. Upward mobility has stalled."

The president delivered his first State of the Union address in 2010, at the start of a midterm election year that ended with his party losing the House. He called the loss a "shellacking" and Congress has remained divided ever since.

As he addressed the nation four years ago, the health-care legislation he championed remained uncertain in Congress and the focus of debate nationwide. He called on lawmakers "to overcome the numbing weight of our politics".

"It's time the American people get a government that matches their decency," Obama said, adding that he intended to use his State of the Union speech that year "to talk about how together we can deliver on that promise".

Obama began 2012 with a rebuke to Congress, adopting the slogan "We can't wait" to announce a smaller set of executive actions on the economy, immigration and other issues.

But the slogan then was as much about campaigning as governing and White House officials said it was designed to pressure Congress to act rather than to signal a turning away. His message on Tuesday pointed more toward a new way of navigating Washington.

Obama has shifted tactics several times over the years to pursue legislation, sometimes to the frustration of his own party. Those differences have arisen most prominently when he negotiated fiscal issues with ideologically divided Republicans.

Congressional Democrats have at times demanded more support from Obama - or, at least, a better sense of policy priorities.

Now, though, with the House up for grabs in the November midterm election and the narrowly divided Senate also in play, the political interests of Obama and his party co-incide more neatly than they have in years.

By using executive action to address climate change, economic policies such as the minimum wage, and other issues important to the Democratic base and to independent voters, Obama will seek throughout the year to contrast his approach with Republican inaction in Congress.

The strategy could help Democrats, who are a long shot to take the House and in jeopardy of losing the Senate. But in some of the conservative states where Democrats need to do well in November, the perception of a presidential end-run around Congress could do more harm than good to the party's candidates.

The White House thinks the pressure Obama will be able to apply to Republicans through executive actions could pay off in legislative progress. Fearing an obstructionist label, Republicans may decide it is better to act in concert with the president on some issues, such as immigration and infrastructure spending, than not to act at all.

Obama has preferred passing legislation to going around Congress, whether to secure new restrictions on gun purchases or new rules to address pollution. But the path has been increasingly narrow since his first State of the Union address, and his advisers have concluded that he has suffered politically by measuring too much of his success as president by his legislative record.

Some angry moments have occurred between Obama and lawmakers, most memorably during his address on health care in 2009. From the audience, Rep. Joe Wilson, R-S.C., shouted "you lie" when Obama said his health-care proposals would not insure illegal immigrants.

With his insistence on Tuesday night that he will sidestep Congress if necessary, Obama placed himself in many ways against the institution, not just his most ardent Republican opponents.

It is, in one clear way, safe political ground: Only 16 per cent of Americans approve of the way Congress is handling its job, according to a Washington Post-ABC News poll published this week.

Obama's join-or-be-left-behind threat, though, could discourage the few moderate Republicans in Congress from working with the administration over the course of a campaign year.

The consequence could be a legislative record even slimmer than last year's, when he managed to secure only a small fraction of his State of the Union initiatives. And after this one he has only two such speeches left, played out against the backdrop of waning public attention to his presidency.

STATE OF THE UNION HIGHLIGHTS:

JOBS AND THE ECONOMY

To help Americans prepare for retirement, Obama will use executive authority to create a "starter" retirement savings account available through employers for workers who can afford to save only small amounts at a time. He also wants to drop retirement tax breaks that apply to wealthy Americans already well positioned for retirement and increase the earned income tax credit for people without children.

Through an executive order, Obama said he would raise the minimum wage for workers holding federal contract jobs to US$10.10 (NZ$12.19) and will continue pressing Congress to make that rate the prevailing federal minimum wage nationally. The current federal minimum wage is US$7.25 an hour.

To strengthen the long-term US fiscal position, Obama committed to paying for new initiatives and supporting more budget deficit reduction. Using his executive authority, Obama will start four more manufacturing innovation institutes this year and wants Congress to create up to 45 more. He also will pursue a trans-Pacific partnership and an agreement with the European Union to boost US exports.

Obama urged Congress to pass an extension of emergency unemployment insurance. His efforts to get the long-term unemployed back to work will include a meeting this week with leading chief executive, and federal job-training programs will be reviewed to bring them in line with market demands. He also called for bringing outsourced work back to the United States and advocated discrimination protection for women and gays in the workplace.

EDUCATION

Obama said a further 15,000 schools and 20 million students from kindergarten through 12th grade would have access to high-speed internet service in the next two years as part of his plan to have 99 percent of American students on next-generation connectivity. Apple, Microsoft, Sprint and Verizon will be part of the education-tech push and more partnerships will be announced in coming weeks. He also renewed his call for pre-kindergarten schooling for all four-year-olds, as well as innovation in preparing students for college and making college more affordable for them.

CLIMATE AND ENERGY

Obama proposed incentives for medium and heavy-duty trucks that run on alternative fuels and he will continue his broader campaign to move America toward clean energy sources. He also called for safe natural gas production.

IMMIGRATION

Obama renewed his call for securing US borders, cracking down on those who hire illegal immigrants and offering a path to citizenship, saying such reforms would create thousands of jobs and boost the economy by US$1 trillion over two decades.

GUANTANAMO AND FOREIGN POLICY

Obama said the US prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, should be closed this year. He did not mention plans for troop levels in Afghanistan, but said America must move off permanent war footing. He stood by an international interim agreement to get Iran to curb its nuclear programme and vowed to veto anything from Congress that would impose more sanctions on Tehran while the United States and other Western powers are in diplomatic talks with Iran.

DOMESTIC POLICY

He defended his healthcare reform and said he would continue working for voters' rights and against gun violence. Obama renewed his call to wind down mortgage-finance giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, urging Congress to pass legislation that rebuilds the mortgage market to rely more on private capital.

Reuters

GETTING READY: US President Barack Obama walks from the residence of the White House to the Oval Office, to continue work on his State of the Union address.

JOBS AND THE ECONOMY

To help Americans prepare for retirement, Obama will use executive authority to create a "starter" retirement savings account available through employers for workers who can afford to save only small amounts at a time. He also wants to drop retirement tax breaks that apply to wealthy Americans already well positioned for retirement and increase the earned income tax credit for people without children.

Through an executive order, Obama said he would raise the minimum wage for workers holding federal contract jobs to US$10.10 (NZ$12.19) and will continue pressing Congress to make that rate the prevailing federal minimum wage nationally. The current federal minimum wage is US$7.25 an hour.

To strengthen the long-term US fiscal position, Obama committed to paying for new initiatives and supporting more budget deficit reduction. Using his executive authority, Obama will start four more manufacturing innovation institutes this year and wants Congress to create up to 45 more. He also will pursue a trans-Pacific partnership and an agreement with the European Union to boost US exports.

Obama urged Congress to pass an extension of emergency unemployment insurance. His efforts to get the long-term unemployed back to work will include a meeting this week with leading chief executive, and federal job-training programs will be reviewed to bring them in line with market demands. He also called for bringing outsourced work back to the United States and advocated discrimination protection for women and gays in the workplace.

EDUCATION

Obama said a further 15,000 schools and 20 million students from kindergarten through 12th grade would have access to high-speed internet service in the next two years as part of his plan to have 99 percent of American students on next-generation connectivity. Apple, Microsoft, Sprint and Verizon will be part of the education-tech push and more partnerships will be announced in coming weeks. He also renewed his call for pre-kindergarten schooling for all four-year-olds, as well as innovation in preparing students for college and making college more affordable for them.

CLIMATE AND ENERGY

Obama proposed incentives for medium and heavy-duty trucks that run on alternative fuels and he will continue his broader campaign to move America toward clean energy sources. He also called for safe natural gas production.

IMMIGRATION

Obama renewed his call for securing US borders, cracking down on those who hire illegal immigrants and offering a path to citizenship, saying such reforms would create thousands of jobs and boost the economy by US$1 trillion over two decades.

GUANTANAMO AND FOREIGN POLICY

Obama said the US prison at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, should be closed this year. He did not mention plans for troop levels in Afghanistan, but said America must move off permanent war footing. He stood by an international interim agreement to get Iran to curb its nuclear programme and vowed to veto anything from Congress that would impose more sanctions on Tehran while the United States and other Western powers are in diplomatic talks with Iran.

DOMESTIC POLICY

He defended his healthcare reform and said he would continue working for voters' rights and against gun violence. Obama renewed his call to wind down mortgage-finance giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, urging Congress to pass legislation that rebuilds the mortgage market to rely more on private capital.

- The Washington Post

Advertisement

Reuters

TOUGH LINE: US President Barack Obama has said in his State of the Union address he will bypass a divided Congress and take action on his own to bolster America's middle class.