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Summary

Top-selling text in its field, "International "Relations, provides unparalleled coverage of international political economy, traditional and alternative theoretical perspectives, technology, and contemporary global events. Completely updated. Expanded and updated coverage of the ongoing war in Iraq, nuclear proliferation in North Korea and Iran; the new Palestinian leadership; Islamic radicalism; global anti-Americanism; the expanded EU and NATO; and world trade talks. Expanded discussion of constructivism. New "Policy Perspectives" is a one-page feature puts students in the shoes of top policy makers -- for example, Russian President Putin -- making foreign-policy choices in response to a problem or challenge. The box includes an inset photo of the policy maker. The feature engages students to apply IR concepts in real-world situations, and underscores the role of individuals in the foreign-policy process. NEW! TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGE- MyPoliSciLab for International Relations.

Table of Contents

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Preface

xi

To the Student

xvii

A Note on Nomenclature

xvii

www.internationalrelations.net

xviii

A Key to Icon Usage

xviii

Maps

xix

Understanding International Relations

3

(52)

The Study of IR

3

(7)

IR and Daily Life

3

(1)

IR as a Field of Study

4

(2)

Theories and Methods

6

(4)

Actors and Influences

10

(14)

State Actors

10

(3)

Nonstate Actors

13

(2)

Levels of Analysis

15

(2)

Geography

17

(7)

History

24

(31)

World Civilizations to 2000

25

(2)

The Great-Power System, 1500--2000

27

(4)

Imperialism, 1500--2000

31

(1)

Nationalism, 1500-2000

32

(3)

The World Economy, 1750-2000

35

(1)

The Two World Wars, 1900-1950

36

(3)

The Cold War, 1945-1990

39

(4)

The Early Post-Cold War Era, 1990-2005

43

Thinking Theoretically What Use Are Theories?

9

Policy Perspectives Overview

7

(45)

Let's Debate the Issue Globalization: Vanishing State Sovereignty?

52

(3)

PART 1 International Security

Power Politics

55

(44)

Realism

55

(2)

Power

57

(5)

Defining Power

57

(2)

Estimating Power

59

(1)

Elements of Power

59

(3)

Bargaining

62

(11)

Bargaining and Leverage

62

(2)

Strategies

64

(2)

Reciprocity, Deterrence, and Arms Races

66

(2)

Rationality

68

(2)

Game Theory

70

(3)

The International System

73

(11)

Anarchy and Sovereignty

73

(3)

Balance of Power

76

(1)

Great Powers and Middle Powers

77

(3)

Power Distribution

80

(2)

Hegemony

82

(2)

Alliances

84

(15)

Purposes of Alliances

84

(3)

NATO and the U.S.-Japanese Security Treaty

87

(3)

The Former Soviet Republics

90

(2)

Regional Alignments

92

Thinking Theoretically Costs and Benefits of Combating Terrorism

69

(22)

Policy Perspectives President of Russia, Vladimir Putin

91

(5)

Let's Debate the Issue The Bush Doctrine: Will It Eliminate or Increase Terrorism?

96

(3)

Alternatives to Power Politics

99

(40)

Liberalism

99

(9)

Traditional Liberal Critiques

99

(1)

What Is Rationality?

100

(1)

Neoliberalism

101

(2)

Collective Goods

103

(1)

International Regimes

104

(1)

Hegemonic Stability

105

(1)

Collective Security

106

(2)

Feminism

108

(11)

Why Gender Matters

108

(2)

The Masculinity of Realism

110

(2)

Gender in War and Peace

112

(2)

Women in IR

114

(4)

Balancing the Feminist Arguments

118

(1)

Constructivism

119

(2)

Postmodernism

121

(4)

Deconstructing Realism

122

(1)

Postmodern Feminism

123

(2)

Peace Studies

125

(14)

Conflict Resolution

125

(2)

War and Militarism

127

(3)

Positive Peace

130

(1)

Peace Movements

131

(1)

Nonviolence

132

Thinking Theoretically Manhood and the Decision for War

112

(17)

Policy Perspectives President of the United States, George Bush

129

(7)

Let's Debate the Issue The Arab-Israeli Conflict: What Are the New Obstacles to Peace?

136

(3)

Foreign Policy

139

(30)

Making Foreign Policy

139

(1)

Decision Making

140

(10)

Models of Decision Making

141

(1)

Individual Decision Makers

142

(5)

Group Dynamics

147

(2)

Crisis Management

149

(1)

Substate Actors

150

(10)

Bureaucracies

150

(2)

Interest Groups

152

(2)

The Military-Industrial Complex

154

(2)

Public Opinion

156

(3)

Legislatures

159

(1)

Democracy and Foreign Policy

160

(9)

Thinking Theoretically Policy Continuity in the Balkans

143

(14)

Policy Perspectives President of the Philippines, Gloria Arroyo

157

(9)

Let's Debate the Issue The War on Terrorism: Should Public Opinion Influence Foreign Policy in Democracies?

166

(3)

International Conflict

169

(44)

The Causes of War

169

(4)

Theories about War

170

(3)

Conflicts of Interest

173

(12)

Territorial Disputes

174

(6)

Control of Governments

180

(1)

Economic Conflict

181

(4)

Conflicts of Ideas

185

(13)

Ethnic Conflict

185

(7)

Religious Conflict

192

(4)

Ideological Conflict

196

(2)

Means of Leverage

198

(15)

Types of War

198

(4)

Terrorism

202

Thinking Theoretically Explaining Genocide

191

Policy Perspectives President of Sri Lanka, Chandrika Kumaratunga

189

(19)

Let's Debate the Issue The West versus Islamism: The New Cold War?

208

(5)

Military Force

213

(38)

The Use of Force

213

(1)

Configuring Forces

214

(6)

Military Economics

214

(2)

The Choice of Capabilities

216

(4)

Control of Military Forces

220

(4)

Command

220

(2)

States and Militaries

222

(2)

Conventional Forces

224

(7)

Types of Forces

224

(5)

Evolving Technologies

229

(2)

Weapons of Mass Destruction

231

(20)

Nuclear Weapons

231

(2)

Ballistic Missiles and Other Delivery Systems

233

(3)

Chemical and Biological Weapons

236

(2)

Proliferation

238

(4)

Nuclear Strategy

242

(2)

Nuclear Arsenals and Arms Control

244

Thinking Theoretically The Superpower Arms Race

217

(24)

Policy Perspectives Prime Minister of Israel, Ariel Sharon

241

(7)

Let's Debate the Issue North Korea's Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Threat to World Order?

248

(3)

International Organization and Law

251

(46)

World Order

251

(5)

The Evolution of World Order

251

(1)

International Norms and Morality

252

(2)

Roles of International Organizations

254

(2)

The United Nations

256

(17)

The UN System

256

(6)

The Security Council

262

(3)

Peacekeeping Forces

265

(4)

The Secretariat

269

(1)

The General Assembly

270

(1)

UN Programs

271

(2)

Autonomous Agencies

273

(1)

International Law

273

(8)

Sources of International Law

274

(1)

Enforcement of International Law

275

(1)

The World Court

276

(2)

International Cases in National Courts

278

(3)

Law and Sovereignty

281

(16)

Laws of Diplomacy

281

(2)

War Crimes

283

(3)

Just War Doctrine

286

(1)

Human Rights

287

Thinking Theoretically Paying for a UN War Crimes Tribunal

284

Policy Perspectives President of Senegal, Abdoulaye Wade

279

(14)

Let's Debate the Issue The United Nations--United States Relationship: A Marriage of Convenience?