History of QA

History and Evolution of Software Testing

The great emphasis on delivery of quality software has made software testing an inseparable procedure in the Software Development. Since the invention of computers in 1822 to the current era of systems, the terminology system faults have evolved into a vast subject of software testing. The history of QA dates back to the 19th century. It includes a huge glossary of software testing terminologies, procedures, standards, policies, approaches, frameworks, testing tools.

The history of QA concepts dates starts with the computer invention. The Babbage machines invented by Charles Babbage, an English inventor in 1822 were considered first among the mechanical computers. However, the term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware, when he writes a letter to his associate in Edison papers-

‘It has been just so in all of my inventions. The first step is an intuition and comes with a burst, then difficulties arise—this thing gives out and [it is] then that “Bugs”—as such little faults and difficulties are called—show themselves and months of intense watching, study and labor are requisite before commercial success or failure is certainly reached.”

The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements in computer technology. Electronic computers were prominently used to break the secret codes and crack secrets of war communication. In the same year, 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA. In 1951, Joseph Juran marked the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook. The software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford J Myers published his book Art of Software testing in 1979. By today’s standards, errors refer to human mistakes, that lead to bugs or defects in the software, and cause the software failure. The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software. The Ariane 5 flight 501 rocket – a project worth $8 billion dollar in 1996 failed due to a software defect. According to 2002, NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) reports the cost of software bugs to US economy is $59.5 billion annually. In 2003, the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Ontario in Canada had second most widespread blackout due to a software defect in an alarm system.

Software testing field has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff, business opportunities for software testing training institutes & career colleges, vendors of testing tools, the scope of research for subject matter experts.

Charles Babbage was considered the first to invent mechanical computers.
Grace Murray Hopper was the one who coined the term “bug”.
Some of the standards that are listed in this article are IEEE, CMMI and SIX SIGMA.

Charles Babbage invented one of the earliest version of mechanical computer in 1822, called Babbage machine.

Who coined the terminology “Bug”

The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878, mainly with reference to faults in hardware.
The modern notion of “computer bug” was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in 1945.( Ms. Grace Hopper was one of the first computer scientists and was also considered a pioneer in computer programming- fun fact 🙂

Who invented computer and when?
Charles Babbage
The first computer resembling today’s modern machines was the Analytical Engine, a device conceived and designed by British mathematician Charles Babbage between 1833 and 1871.

Who coined terminology bugs?
Computer scientist and U.S. Navy Rear Admiral Grace Hopper coined the terms bug and debug.
Name the standards that are listed in article
IEEE, CMMI, six sigma, ISO, NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology)

1. As per universal acknowledgement, the idea is credited to Charles Babbage for his theoretical idea based on storage of data and mechanical conceptions. But since electricity and modern amenities were lacking in 1822, he was not able to take it further and was based on the algorithms of 10 and one.
Alan Turing was able to proceed further with coding thus the modern development of computer was initiated.
2. computer bug Grace Murray Hopper and bug as a terminology used to measure the defects and failures for commercial success was coined by Thomas Edison 1878, as per the article on your website.

1. Who invented computer and when ?
invented by Charles Babbage in 1822
2. Who coined terminology bugs
ans. Grace Marray Hopper
3. Name the standards that are listed in the article – IEEE, CMMI, six sigma

Q 1. Who invented Computer and When ?
Ans :The Babbage machines invented by Charles Babbage, an English inventor in 1822 were considered first among the mechanical computers.
Q 2 . Who coined terminology Bug ?
Ans : The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware, when he writes a letter to his associate in Edison papers
Q. 3 . Name the standards that are listed in the article .
Ans : ISO,IEEE, CMMI, six sigma

Q 1. Who invented Computer and When ?
Ans :The Babbage machines invented by Charles Babbage, an English inventor in 1822 were considered first among the mechanical computers.
Q 2 . Who coined terminology Bug ?
Ans : The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware, when he writes a letter to his associate in Edison papers
Q. 3 . Name the standards that are listed in the article .
Ans : ISO,IEEE, CMMI, six sigma

Questions And Answers :
Q 1. Who invented Computer and When ?
Ans : An English inventor Charles Babbage’s invention the Babbage machine is considered first among the mechanical computers in 1822.
Q 2 . Who coined terminology Bug ?
The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware.
Ans : computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in 1945 .
Q. 3 . Name the standards that are listed in the article .
Ans : ISO , IEEE, CMMI , Six Sigma , NIST

This Article is very Informative and helped me to learn the basic concepts regarding Who invented the computer and when. When is BUG invented and how does it effect the software and economy and also importance of understanding the standards.

Ans-1) Charles Baggage an English inventor, invented the Baggage machine in 1822 is considered the first mechanical computers.
Ans-2) ISO was in 1946, has contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing.
Ans-3) History of BUG: Term bug was first used by Thomas Edison in 1878- which was mostly associated with hardware.

This article is informative and worth reading.And the comment session is a great idea to clarify our understanding.

1.The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware.

2.In 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper. In 1951, Joseph Juran marked the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook.

3.The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

4.The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software.

Q 1. Who invented Computer and When ?
Babbage machines invented by Charles Babbage, an English inventor in 1822
Q 2 . Who coined terminology Bug ?
Thomas Edison first used the name bug in 1878
Q. 3 . Name the standards that are listed in the article .
Ans : ISO , IEEE, CMMI , Six Sigma , NIST

Invention of computer in 1822,computer was invented by Charles Babbage.
Bug was first reported by Thomas Edison in 1878.
1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper
The ISO founded in 1946.
Standards that are listed in the article – IEEE, CMMI, Six sigma

> The invention of computers in 1822.
>the term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878.
>The Babbage machines was invented by Charles Babbage.
>The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements in computer technology.
>1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
> IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

-The Babbage machines invented in 1822 by Charles Babbage, were the first of Mechanical computers.
-The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878.
-The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements in computer technology.
-The term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in 1945.
-By today’s standards, errors refer to human mistakes, that lead to bugs or defects in the software, and cause the software failure.
-ISO, IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

-computer was invented by Charles Babbage
-Bug was found by Thomas Edison in 1878
-2nd world war led to use grater advancement in computer technology to break the secret codes and crack secret communications
-software defects can leads major problems and expenses

* Charles Babbage invented mechanical computers in 1822.
* In 1878 Thomas Edison first reported The term Bug which was associated with hardware.
* Computer Bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
* Quality control handbook by Joseph Juran marked the importance of Quality of software.

The software testing is treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software.
-The term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in 1945.
-The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements in computer technology.
-By today’s standards, errors refer to human mistakes, that lead to bugs or defects in the software, and cause the software failure.
-ISO, IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

Software testing for faults has made quality software delivery possible in software development since the invention of computers in 1822 (19th century} to date and has advanced unto QA which includes software testing terminologies, procedures, standards, policies, approaches, frameworks, testing tools.
The history of QA concepts started with Babbage machines invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and the term bug was first used by Thomas Edison in 1878 mostly associated with hardware, in Edison papers-
“Bugs” are little faults and difficulties showing up in his inventions until he finds solution to them through watching, study and labor, until success or failure is certainly reached.”
The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements to break the secret codes and crack secrets of war communication which by 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper and by 1951, Quality control handbook was written by Joseph Juran. and Art of Software testing book written by in 1979 Glenford J Myers. ISO founded in 1946 and IEEE, CMMI, greatly improved the quality of software.
The software testing subject is high priority in the economy by preventing the failures of software as in the examples of The Ariane 5 flight 501 rocket and the cost to US economy due to a software defect in alarm system.
Software testing field has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff, business opportunities for software testing training institutes & career colleges, vendors of testing tools, the scope of research for subject matter experts.

1. First computers was founded by Charles Babbage in 1822 and so called Babbage machines.
2.Bug was first reported by Thomas Edison in 1878.
3. Software testing terminology was clear when G J Myers published his book art of software testing in 1979.
4. If software testing was considered seriously in 1980s, there wouldn’t have been major losses of Ariane 5 flight in 1996 for $8 billion.
5. Software testing for sure has created lot of jobs and still going strong with QA job oppotunities

The first among mechanical computers were baggage machines which were invented by Charles Baggage in 1822, which is where the History of QA begins from.
The term bug was first reported by Thomas Edison in 1878, and was mostly associated with hardware.
The term Computer bug was first given by Grace Murray Hopper in 1945.
In 1946, the ISO standardized the procedure, methods and techniques of software testing.
IEEE, CMMI, Six Sigma also defines the standards of quality and scopes of improvements to achieve quality of software.

1) computer first was invented by an English inventor charles in 1822
2) The ISO was founded in 1946, it mainly contributed to standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma that explains the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to get the quality of software needed.

3) the term bug was 1st reported by Thomas Edison in 1978 Grace Murray Hopper found the first computer bug in 1945.

Charles Babbage in 1822.
Bug was first reported by Thomas Edison in 1878.
In 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper and ISO was founded in 1946.
Contributors are IEEE, CMMI, Sixsigma all this define the standards of Quality and defines framework for improvements of Quality of software.

Software testing has been treated with the highest priority as it can avoid the setback in an economy by preventing failures of software.
The word bug was first identified by Thomas Edison in the year 1878.Later in 1945 during world war two, when computers were used to debug the secret codes, Grace Murray Hopper first coined the term computer bug.
In the year 1946 ISO was founded which majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures methods and techniques of software testing.
IEEE, CMMI, Sixsigma are some of the contributors which define the standard quality and framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software testing.
According to NIST reports in 2002 cost of bugs to US economy annually is $59.5 billion annually.

Great Article. I got to know how the term ” Bug” was discovered in the era of technological development. It was first used by Thomas Edison to prescribed system fault in hardware and later Grace Murray used this term to associate computer fault in the history of QA. During world war II , computer was developed that led to greater advancements in technology and in order avoid software failure the ISO first standardized framework to achieve the maximum quality of software. IEEE, CMMI, and six sigma defines the standard of quality of software.
In today’s world, quality of software has major impact in the economy. Flaws in software can cost billions annually in the countries like Canada and United States where business, Institutes and research work fully depend on software system.

Well written article on the history of QA testing. Starts with the invention of the first mechanical computers by Charles Babb age in 1822. The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 mostly associated with hardware. Software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford Myers published his book Art of software testing in 1979. Iso, IEEE, cmmi, six Sigma contributed towards standardizing procedures, methods and techniques of software development and testing.

This article describes the importance of Software testing and the effect bugs or defects in the software can have on the world economy. The term bug was first reported by Thomas Edison in 1878, and was mostly associated with hardware. The term Computer bug was first given by Grace Murray Hopper in 1945. In 1946, the ISO standardized the procedure, methods and techniques of software testing. IEEE, CMMI, Six Sigma also defines the standards of quality and scopes of improvements to achieve quality of software. the need to have defect free software has led to the opening of a vast variety of career opportunities.

1. Who invented computer and when ?
invented by Charles Babbage in 1822
2. Who coined terminology bugs
ans. Grace Marray Hopper
3. Name the standards that are listed in the article – IEEE, CMMI, six sigma

History of QA
Here its an intresting topic and we get to know the history of evolution of software and QA concepts.
.Charles Babbage who invented computers in 1822 ,
the term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 .
The world war ll (1939-1945) has led to gerat advancements in computer technology.
in 1945 the term computer bug was first used by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
In 1951, Joseph Juran in his Quality control handbook stated the importance of Quality of software .
In book Art of Software testing in 1979, software testing terminology was clearly distinguished byGlenford J Myers.
The ISO founded in 1946…,it has majorly contributed in standerdizing the procedures,methods and techniques in software developement.
NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) reports the cost of software bugs to US economy is $59.5 billion annually.
software testing field literally created lot of job oppurtunities for ppl and many making careers ..

Invention of computer in 1822, computer was invented by Charles Babbage.
Bug was first reported by Thomas Edison in 1878.
1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper
The ISO founded in 1946.

Writing my understanding –
Software – computer was invented by Charles Babbage in 1822.
In 1878, Thomas Edison coined the term “Bug”.
In 1945, Grace Murray Hopper also coined the term “bug”.
Software testing is very important.
In 1996, the Ariane 5 rocket failed due to a software defect.
In 2003, there was an outage in the Southwest, Midwest US and in Ontario Canada. This was due to a bug in the software alarm system.
The NIST (National Institute of Standards Technology) said in 2003 that the cost of software bugs annually is $59.5 billion.

Q1.When was computer invented and by whom?
Ans. Computer was invented in 1822, by Charles Babbage.
Q2. ISO foundation and it’s contribution in history.
Ans. The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods and techniques of software development and testing.
Q3. Who coined terminology Bug ?
The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878.
Q4. Name the standards that are listed in the article .
Ans. ISO, IEEE, CMMI, six sigma are some of the standards of quality listed in the article.

This article gives a concise history of when computers started and also the advent of the term ‘bugs’. It also illustrates the importance of making sure the applications are “bug free” as otherwise it can lead to undue consequences.

The history of QA concepts dates starts with the computer invention. The Babbage machines invented by Charles Babbage, an English inventor in 1822 were considered first among the mechanical computers. However, the term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware. ISO, IEEE CMMI Six sigma are some of the standards of quality for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

1. The history of QA concepts dates starts with the computer invention.
2. In 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
3. In 1951, Joseph Juran marked the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook.
4. The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing.
5. Software testing field has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff, business opportunities for software testing training institutes & career colleges, vendors of testing tools, the scope of research for subject matter experts.

The Babbage machine was invented by Charles Babbage, an English inventor in 1822 were considered the first among the mechanical computers.
Very informative article on the history of computer, when the bugs were first reported, and the importance of software training in order to deliver quality software.
The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878, which was mostly associated with hardware, when he writes a letter to his associate in Edison papers-

The world war ll (1939-1945) led to greater advancement in computer technology. Electric computers were prominently used to break the secret codes and crack secrets of war communication.
The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

The invention of computers in 1822 to the current era of the system. the history of QA dates back to the 19th century. it includes the software testing terminology, procedures, standards, policies, approaches frameworks, and testing tools. Charles Babbage an English inventor in 1822 was considered first among the mechanical computer. the ISO founded in 1946 has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. the other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, Six Sigma which defines the standard of quality and defines the framework to achieve the quality of software.

The Babbage Machine is invented by Charles Babbage an English Inventor in 1822 were consider First among the mechanical Computers.
The word ” BUG ” was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 and the ” BUG” was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper.
ISO-International Standard Organization founded in 1946
IEEE-Institute of Electrical,Electronics,Engineers
CMMI- Capability Maturity Model Integration.

In my understanding this article contains some important points. First, the mechanical computer invented by babbage in 1822. Second, the term bugs first eported by Thomas edison in 1878. Last, the foundation of ISO and its use. Also the role of software testing and its career.

This topic is about the History of QA. Charles Babbage was pioneer of the computer in 1822. In 1951, Joseph Juran distinct the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook. The software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford J Myers published his book Art of Software testing in 1979. Software testing is a high priority as it has prevented multiple economic setback. Also, software industry has played significant role in economic growth.

Father of invention of computer : Charles Babbage
In 1878. Thomas Edison dicovered the first Bug
In 1951 Joseph Juran talked about quality assurance and quality control in his book
The quality of framework, improvement quality of software IEEE, CMMI, Six sigma

Charles Babbage – inventor of computer in 1822
Thomas Edison – finds first bug in hardware in 1878
Joseph Juran – marked the importance of quality of software in his Quality Control handbook in 1951
Grace Murray Hopper – first coined computer bug in 1945
IEEE, CMMI, six sigma – defines the standards of quality framework for improvement of quality of the software

Understandings:
-Invention of first computer done in 1822 by Charles Babbage, an English inventor.
-The term bug was first reported by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware.
-The term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in 1945.
-In 1951, Joseph Juran marked the importance of quality of software in his book ‘Quality Control handbook’.
-In 1979, Glenford J Myers published his book ‘Art of software testing’ in which the terminology of the software testing is clearly distinguished.
-By today’s standards, errors refer to human mistakes, that lead to bugs or defects in the software that lead to software failure.
-The ISO founded in 1946, IEEE, CMMI and Six sigma are the contributors which defines the standards, procedures and improvements to achieve the quality of the software.
-Software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures in the software.

The QA concepts dates starts with the computer invention.
1) Charles Babbage, in 1822 invented the Babbage machine which were considered first among the mechanical computers.
2) Thomas Edison, in 1878 reported the term “bug” which was mostly associated with hardware.
3) Grace Murray Hopper , in 1945 the term computer bug was first coined in the history of QA.
4) Joseph Juran, in 1951, marked the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook.
5) Glenford J Myers, in 1979 clearly distinguished the “software testing” terminology in his published book Art of Software.
6) The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing.
7) Other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.
8) Software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software.

– The history of QA concepts starts with the computer invention by Charles Babbage, an English inventor in 1822.
– The term “Bug” was first reported by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware.
– The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements in computer technology.
– Many books were written to mark the importance of quality of software and software testing.
– The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. There are other contributors like IEEE, CMMI, six sigma, etc.
– The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software.
– Software testing field has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff, business opportunities for software testing training institutes & career colleges, vendors of testing tools, the scope of research for subject matter experts.

The main purpose of this article is to shed light on the evolution of the computers and history of QA which dates back to 19th Century.
This article by Priya explains the need for software testing as it can help avoid failure of software and save the cost to repair the defects called “bugs ” . This term was first used by Thomas Edison in year 1878 which was coined by Grace Murray Hopper in year 1945.
The Babbage machine invented by Charles Babbage in year 1822 was among first computers used in WWII to crack secret codes.
The losses caused by software bugs mounted to almost $59.5 annually in US alone per NIST for year 2002. Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Ontario in Canada also suffered major blackout in year 2003 due to software defect.
Various testing standards and techniques have been set by
– ISO founded in 1946
– IEE, CMMI and six sigma
in order to help improve quality of software before release. This has led to creation of various job opportunities in the feild of software development and testing.

This article provides the history of when computers started and also the advent of the term ‘bugs’. It also illustrates the importance of making sure the applications are “bug free”. Some important picks from the article are below:
The Babbage machine invented by Charles Babbage in year 1822 was among first computers used in WWII to crack secret codes.
The losses caused by software bugs mounted to almost $59.5 annually in US alone per NIST for year 2002. Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Ontario in Canada also suffered major blackout in year 2003 due to software defect.
Various testing standards and techniques have been set by
– ISO founded in 1946
– IEE, CMMI and six sigma
in order to help improve quality of software before release. This has led to creation of various job opportunities in the feild of software development and testing.

The History of QA concepts starts with the computer invention. In 1822 computer invention made by Charles Babbage.The term Bug was first reported by Thomas edison in 1878.The computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hooper in 1945.Joseph Juran told the importance of the Quality of the software in “Quality Control Handbook”.
Errors leads to bugs or defects in the software causes failure of software.The ISO Contributed towards standardizing the procedures,methods and techniques of the software development and testing.The software Testing helps to setback the economy and prevents software failures. Software testing field created more job opportunities to test engineers and training staff,business opportunities for software testing training institutes & career colleges, vendors of testing tools, the scope of research for subject matter experts.

Software testing has become a very important part after the software have been invented. QA started after the computers have been invented. Then the bugs have been noticed which means the defect or problems in the software or websites. Million dollars projects fail due to unsuccessful software testing. Software testing has created the job field for test engineers and software testing institutes a career in colleges.

This article describes the history and importance of Software testing .The history of QA concepts dates starts with the computer invention.The term bug was first reported by Thomas Edison in 1878, and was mostly associated with hardware. The term Computer bug was first given by Grace Murray Hopper in 1945. The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing.There are other contributors like IEEE, CMMI, six sigma, etc.
Software testing is a high priority as it has prevented multiple economic setback. Also, software industry has played significant role in economic growth.

Charles Babbage – inventor of computer in 1822
Thomas Edison – finds first bug in hardware in 1878
Joseph Juran – marked the importance of quality of software in his Quality Control handbook in 1951
Grace Murray Hopper – first coined computer bug in 1945
IEEE, CMMI, six sigma – defines the standards of quality framework for improvement of quality of the software

This articles is about the history of quality assurance on software. Today, we know that bug is human error which is a bug in the software that makes the program fails. It has been proven that Software testing is necessary especially so when property and human lives is at stake. It mentioned the events the Ariane 5 flight 501 rocket – a project worth $8 billion dollar in 1996 failed due to a software defect. It is vital in the aerospace, health & security field.

The article gives insight on the beginnings of QA on software. It started with the invention of mechanical computer by Babbage and Edison came up with term ‘bug’ which is human error in software that leads to defects. Software testing is an imperative and integral part of any application as failure to detect errors can cost companies huge losses. The article explains the importance of QA through the examples of Ariane 5 flight 501 rocket project failure that cost $8 billion loss in 1996 and the widespread power failure in Northeastern and Midwest United States and Ontario due to software application defects. These failures highlight the necessity of QA in software.

The above article is about the “History and Evolution of software testing and the Role of software testing in Computer technology.
-Charles Babbage ,in 1822 was the first person who invented the Mechanical Computer.
-With the invention of the computer in 1822 the history of QA also started.
-Thomas Edison , in 1878 was first to report the “Bug in the hardware”
-Grace Murray Hopper , in 1945 was the first to discover ”Computer bug”
-During World war II ,the need to maintain the quality of software and importance of testing software was realized,when electronic computers were used to crack secret information related to war by breaking secret codes.
– due to human mistakes incurred during software design and development leads to bugs or defects and results into software failure.
-In 1946 , ISO has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing.There are other contributors like IEEE, CMMI, six sigma, etc.
– The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software.
– Software testing field has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff, business opportunities for software testing training institutes & career colleges, vendors of testing tools, the scope of research for subject matter experts.

Learnt the evolution of software testing and the opportunities that people have because of QA. how important that the software or application to be tested before deployment. This helps the organization to save more money, to deliver quality product. and gets name and fame that shows the progress of the company or organization.

The History of Computer starts back in 19th century. Since the first invention of computer 1822 till present day the advancement of computer grows with all aspects including QA. Charles Babbage in 1822 invented Mechanical Computer, Since then QA also started. During World War II from 1939-1945 the importance of Computer has increased tremendously. Almost the same time in 1945 Murray Hopper first coined the term Computer Bug. After that at every step and every level the standards, tools, Frameworks are maintained for the quality. ISO like IEEE, CMMI, Six Sigma maintains the standard quality and defines frameworks.
Since then Software testing is treating with Highest Priority .

This is a great article which throws light on the history of computers & evolution of Software testing.The history of QA concepts starts with the invention of computer by Charles Babbage in 1822.The term Bug was first used by Thomas Edison in 1878.The World war ll led to the greater advancements in computer technology. This in turn contributed towards standardizing the procedures , methods & techniques of software development & testing.The ISO, IEEE, CMMI, Six sigma defines the standards of quality & defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality software.The software testing subject needs to be treated with highest priority because a small software defect can fail big projects. The software Testing evolved in to a crucial field & at the same time created numerous jobs.

• The history of QA concepts dates starts with the computer invention.
• The Babbage machines invented by Charles Babbage in 1822.
• The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware.
• In 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
• In 1951, Joseph Juran marked the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook.
• The software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford J Myers published his book Art of Software testing in 1979.
• By today’s standards, errors refer to human mistakes, that lead to bugs or defects in the software, and cause the software failure.
• The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing.
• The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.
• The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software.

This article sheds light on the history, importance and the criticality of QA in the invention of computer technology and software system quality. More so, its contribution as a new field that add jobs opportunities has its value in the economy. The history has revealed that QA concepts came around since the 19th century, however Grace Murray Hopper that attributed the term computer bug in 1945 as it is written in the history of QA today. Software testing has earned a high importance ever since Joseph Juran published in his book “Quality control handbook” to bring emphasis on its necessity for software quality assurance. Even more, compliances are being put in place to ensure and guide software testing to avoid incidents such as one as the Ariane 5 flight 501 rocket software failure. Overall, QA has earned trust in rating software system quality.

The history and Evolution software testing gives
the cocept of huge glossary of software testing termonologies, procedure, standards, ploicies, approaches, framework, testing tools. the history of QA concepts starts with the computer invention. Charles Babbage was the inventor of the first among the mechanical computers in 1882. In those days During the World War II with the help of computer technology they prominently used to break the secret codes and crack secrets of war communication .
The term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA
in his book. By today’s standards, errors refer to human mistakes, that lead to bugs or defects in the software, and cause the software failure.
The ISO founded in 1946 standardized the procedures, artifacts methods and techniques of software development and testing.its a well defined methods and proven techniques.
For eg: ISO, CMMI, Six Sigma defines the standard of software .

The history of QA dates back to the 19th century. The history of QA concepts dates starts with the computer invention. The software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford J Myers published his book Art of Software testing in 1979. The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements in computer technology. By today’s standards, errors refer to human mistakes, that lead to bugs or defects in the software, and cause the software failure. The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software. Software testing field has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff & business opportunities.

Important landmarks of Computer and Software Testing:
1. 1822  Charles Babbage, an English inventor in 1822 built the first among the mechanical computer.
2. 1878  The term “Bug” was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware.
3. 1945 The term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
4. 1946  The ISO founded.
5. 1951 Joseph Juran marked the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook.
6. 1979  The software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford J Myers published his book Art of Software testing.
7. 1996  The Ariane 5 flight 501 rocket – a project worth $8 billion dollar failed due to a software defect.
8. 2003  The Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Ontario in Canada had second most widespread blackout due to a software defect in an alarm system.
9. ISO, IEEE, CMMI, six sigma  Define the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

History of QA
Software testing an inseparable procedure in the Software Development to produce quality software. The history of QA dates back to the 19th century with the computer invention by Charles Babbage but the term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878
The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements in computer technology. In the same year, 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA. The software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford J Myers published his book Art of Software testing in 1979.
The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software and Software testing field has created the job opportunities.

1.Charles Babbage invented the first mechanical computers in 1882.
2.The term bug was first coined in 1945 by Grace Murray Hopper.
3.ISO, IEEE, CMMMI & six sigma are standards mentioned in this article.

This article is about history , importance and role of software testing in computer technology and about when how Bug was appeared in software and what affected and how standards r appeared for testing to give quality.
1)The first computer was invented by Charles Babbage in the year 1822.
2)The computer bug was coined by Grace Murray Hopper.
3)The standards listed in the article are ISO, IEEE, CMMI & Six Sigma.

This article by Priya gives a good glimpse of the history of QA for the beginners like me. My understanding of this topic is -Quality has always been strived for since the invention of computers and dates back to the 19th century. The term bug was first used by Thomas Edison in 1878 with respect to hardware. The world war II brought out the advancements in technology, where computers were used to break secret codes used during war communication.

In 1945, the term computer bug was used by Grace Murray Hopper and Joseph Juran mentioning the importance of quality of software in his book. The first book on software testing by Glenford J Myers was published in 1979. The ISO founded in 1946, has contributed in standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods and techniques. The other contributors that defines the standards of quality and defines the framework to achieve the quality in software are
IEEE
CMMI
Six Sigma.

Software Testing helped to avoid setback of the economy by avoiding failures of the software and also created more job opportunities.

Software testing is inseparable component in the process of software development to ensure quality software.
The article not only emhasises on the inception of computer in the year 1822 by Charles Babbage but also the establishment of the term “Bug” first used by Thomas Eddison in 1878 and later set by Grace Murray Hoppes in 1945.
The articles talks about the continuous evolvement on the quality of software to give more effective results. It can also avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software and will create more job oppurtunities.
The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which provide the framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

The emphasis of delivering quality software to the clients has led the software testing an inseparable procedure or step in SDLC.
The history of QA dates back to the invention of computers. The babbage machine was invented by Charles Babbage in 1822. In 1878 , Thomas Edison first reported the term Bug, but its was associated wit hardware. In 1945, the term bug was first coined by Hopper. In 1951, Joseph in his Quality control handbook mentioned the importance of software quality. In 1979, Glenford clearly defined the terminology of software testing in his book – Art of Software Testing.
Errors are due to human mistakes which later become bugs/defects in the system and cause failure in the system.
The ISO formed in 1946, has contributed to the standardization of procedures, artifacts, methods, techniques for software development and testing. The other contributors like IEEE, CMMI and Six Sigma defined the standards of software quality and defined frameworks for improvements to achieve the quality of software.
The software testing should be given highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures in the system, because many companies have lost billions of dollars due to defect/defects in the software.

1.Charles Babbage invented the Babbage Machines an English inventor in 1822 were considered first among the mechanical computers.
2 The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware, when he writes a letter to his associate in Edison papers
3.The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements in computer technology.
4.Electronic computers were prominently used to break the secret codes and crack secrets of war communication.
5 In the same year, 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
6.The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software.
7.The Ariane 5 flight 501 rocket – a project worth $8 billion dollar in 1996 failed due to a software defect.
According to 2002, NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) reports the cost of software bugs to US economy is $59.5 billion annually. In 2003, the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Ontario in Canada had second most widespread blackout due to a software defect in an alarm system.
8.Software testing field has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff, business opportunities for software testing training institutes & career colleges, vendors of testing tools, the scope of research for subject matter experts.

The history of QA concepts starts with the computer invention- the Babbage machines invented in 1822 by Charles Babbage, an English inventor, are considered to the first mechanical computers.
The term bug was first used by Thomas Edison in 1878 in reference to hardware.
The World War II (1939 – 1945) saw Electronic computers being prominently used to break the secret codes and crack secrets of war communication.
1945 the term computer bug was coined by Grace Murray Hopper in QA history. In 1951, Joseph Juran marked the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook.
The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.
According to NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) reports the cost of software bugs to US economy is $59.5 billion annually.

This article more about the invention of computer and history of QA testing.
In 1822 Charles Babbage invented first mechanical computer.
The first bug reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878.
In 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
The ISO founded in 1946 techniques of software development and testing.
IEEE ,CMMI, Six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines frames for improvements to achieve quality of software.

Charles Babbage, an English inventor in 1822 were considered first among the mechanical computers. However, the term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1882.
The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements in computer technology. In the same year, 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software.
Software testing field has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff, business opportunities for software testing training institutes & career colleges, vendors of testing tools, the scope of research for subject matter experts.

This article helps to understand the history of inventions of Computer World and its terminologies.
The computer first invented by Charles Baggage in 1822. Term bug whereas is first discovered by Thomas Edison in 1878, which is majorly associated with hardware. But term computer bug is produced by Grace Murray Hooper.
Glenford J Myers book “Art of Software testing” in 1979 helped distinguished software testing terminology.
The computer standards ISO founded in 1946 which contributes in maintaining the standards of software development and testing. The standards are as follow:-
IEEE, Six Sigma, CMMI which helps to define the standard of quality and framework to improve software

-Invention of computers in 1822 by Charles Babbage.
-The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware.
-In 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
-The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.
-The software testing IS REALLY IMPORTANT for economy by preventing the failures of software. ..some examples are..The Ariane 5 flight 501 rocket – a project worth $8 billion dollar in 1996 failed due to a software defect. According to 2002, NIST (National Institute of Standards & Technology) reports the cost of software bugs to US economy is $59.5 billion annually. In 2003, the Northeastern and Midwestern United States and Ontario in Canada had second most widespread blackout due to a software defect in an alarm system.

The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines a framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

The invention of computers in 1822 to the current era of systems, the terminology system faults have evolved into a vast subject of software testing. The history of QA dates back to the 19th century. It includes a huge glossary of software testing terminologies,procedures, standards, policies,approaches,frameworks,testing tools.
The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878.1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failure of software.

Software systems are an integral part of life and we rely on software for everything from banking applications, healthcare, travel, education, retail etc.
As students of QA it is fascinating to know that the history of QA concepts starts with the invention of one of the first mechanical computers called Babbage machine in 1822 by Charles Babbage. Thomas Edison is reported to have used the term “bug” in 1878 to define little faults and difficulties in his inventions.
Electronic computers were widely used during World War II for war communications. In 1945, Grace Murray Hopper coined the term computer bug. Soon the importance of quality software and various terminology were published by authors like Juran and Myers. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) formed in 1947 has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, Six Sigma which define the standards and framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.
Today human errors can lead to bugs or defects and cause software failure. Such failures can cost economies billions and also lead to loss of life. Hence software testing is a absolutely essential to assess quality of software and reduce the risk of software failure.

The article highlights that QA testing has been an important and integral part of computer system development especially software since its invention in 1822 when it was a simple mechanical machine. Because of its long history software testing has huge glossary of terminologies, procedures, standards, policies, approaches, tools. Due to the greater advancements in computer technologies during World War II (1939-1945) importance of quality assurance of software was also realized and it resulted in various significant books like History of QA (1945, Grace Murray), Quality Control Handbook (1951, Joseph Juran). Glenford J Myers ’s book Art of Software Testing in 1979 clearly defines software testing terminologies clearly for first time. The ISO founded in 1946 along with IEEE, CMMI, Six Sigma have contributed majorly towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods and techniques of software development and testing. Software Testing is important not only to provide quality assured technology and avoid economic setbacks but also creates various job opportunities.

The history of QA dates back to the 19th Century. QA concepts dates starts with the computer invention. It includes a huge glossary of software testing terminologies, procedures, standards, policies, approaches, frameworks, testing tools. The term “Bug” was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware. The software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford J. Myers published his book “Art of Software Testing” in 1979. The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the reversal in the economy by preventing the failures of software.

1. History and Evolution of Software Testing
The history of QA concepts dates starts with the computer invention. The software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford J Myers published his book Art of Software testing in 1979.
I understood how software testing is highly important. Testing a software implies identifying defects and quality of the software. Which is important in preventing damages existed due to errors in every/any tasks associated with software. For instance as mentioned the Ariane 5 flight 501 rocket – a project worth $8 billion dollar in 1996 failed due to a software defect.

The history of QA concepts dates starts with the computer invention.
• The Babbage machines invented by Charles Babbage in 1822.
• The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 which was mostly associated with hardware.
• In 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
• In 1951, Joseph Juran marked the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook.
• The software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford J Myers published his book Art of Software testing in 1979.
• By today’s standards, errors refer to human mistakes, that lead to bugs or defects in the software, and cause the software failure.
• The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing.
• The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.
• The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software.

The article describes the historical importance of quality and software testing. The Babbage machines invented by Charles Babbage, in 1822 first among the mechanical computers. The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878. The World War II (1939 – 1945) led to greater advancements in computer technology. Electronic computers were prominently used to break the secret codes and crack secrets of war communication. In the same year, 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA.
Software testing field has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff, business opportunities for software testing training institutes & career colleges, vendors of testing tools, the scope of research for subject matter experts.

This article goes back to the history of testing and explains how the word ‘BUG’ and detecting errors started. It also shows the incremental use of testing in different things and its usage. Based on the technological advances it shows how today the value of testing has grown many fold.

This article describes the history and importance of quality in the IT industry including job opportunities, particularly in software testing. The first computer was developed in 1822 but the term “Computer Bug” officially used for faults/inaccuracy/error in 1945 by Murray Hooper, after a hundred and twenty-three (123) years of the invention of the computer as per the history of QA 1951. This article also states the large scale of damages and financial losses due to the bug/errors in the software. Today many organizations such as ISO, IEEE, Six Sigma and ISTQB trying to improve quality standards accordingly.

The article emphasis on the concept of Qa history.When the mechanical computers were invented in 1822, the terminology ‘Faults’ has also evolved in software testing. The term ‘Bug’ was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878.
ISO,IEEE,CMMI,Six sigma has contributed towards standardizing the procedures,artifacts,method and techniques of software development and testing.
The software testing subject is very important as it can avoid the setback in the economy by preventing the failures of software.

This Article highlights the History,importance and role of software testing in computer technology.
Father of computer or invention of computer – Charles Babbage
2.Thomas Edison find first BUG in 1878
3. In 1951, Joseph Juran marked the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook.
4.The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing.
5. IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

Its a wonderful article about the history of computers and also the need of software testing.The great emphasis on delivery of quality software has made software testing an inseparable procedure in the Software Development.

The history of software quality dates back to the invention of compute systems. With the invention of computer , the word bug was subsequently discovered by Thomas Edison who associates it with hardware systems.
The concept of bug was associated with errors caused by humans which resulted in bug.
Since computer is an electronic device used in earlier times for various communication process such as during world war , during the same time the term bug was coined by Grace Murray Hopper.

The ISO, IEEE, CMMI etc defined standards and procedures for software quality which is being followed even today.
Software testing opened up the career opportunities for many and also drive the economy by helping the prevent the various setbacks in systems.

Charles Babbage invented one of the earliest version of mechanical computer in 1822, called Babbage machine.

Who coined the terminology “Bug”

The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878, mainly with reference to faults in hardware.
The modern notion of “computer bug” was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in 1945.( Ms. Grace Hopper was one of the first computer scientists and was also considered a pioneer in computer programming

Some very interesting facts about QA and it’s long history dating back to the 19th century, and how it has evolved over the years and has benefited organizations by preventing critical software failures and has created a vast array of opportunities, such as the creation of jobs, software testing training establishments, business opportunities and other areas of interest.

Other interesting facts include the invention of mechanical computers by Charles Babbage in 1822, and the term “bug” was first used by Thomas Edison relative to hardware issues and later in 1945, Grace Murray Hopper coined the term computer bug.
The ISO has mainly been credited for standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing, and other key contributors include IEEE, CMMI and SIX SIGMA.

The history of QA began with the invention of computer in 1822 by Charles Babbage . This article highlights the importance of Software testing . During the world war II electronic computers were prominently used to break the secret codes and crack secrets of war communication. In the same year, 1945 the term computer bug was first coined by Grace Murray Hopper in the history of QA. The software testing terminology was clearly distinguished when Glenford J Myers published his book Art of Software testing in 1979.
The ISO has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma.
The software testing subject is to be treated with highest priority as it can introduce a bug or defect in the software causing the failure of software that can impact the economy. The records are showing us an huge impact in the economy due to the failure of the Software. This has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff and other testing related bussiness opportunities.

This article shows the history of QA. Since 1822 when computers were invented, QA role was already existed. I feel this shows how computers were perfected and how QA has also improved and developed. International Standards Organization founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing. Software testing plays a great role in invention. Failure in testing may cause hard loss like it was with Ariane 5 flight 501 rocket – a in project worth $8 billion dollar in 1996 failed due to a software defect. Today QA role plays a great role in business world and corporations software testing field has created the job opportunities for test engineers & training staff, business opportunities for software testing training institutes & career colleges, vendors of testing tools, the scope of research for subject matter experts.=[

1.The Babbage machines invented by Charles Babbage in 1822.
2. The term bug was first reported to be used by Thomas Edison in 1878 .
3. In 1951, Joseph Juran marked the importance of Quality of software in his book – Quality control handbook.
4. The ISO founded in 1946, has majorly contributed towards standardizing the procedures, artifacts, methods & techniques of software development & testing.
5. The other contributors are IEEE, CMMI, six sigma which defines the standards of quality and defines framework for improvements to achieve the quality of software.

The topic tells us about the importance of software testing and how the role of software tester plays such a big part of new software. The tester’s job is to find the bugs and resolve before the finished product is released.

H2K Infosys, LLC provides Software Training, Development, Software Testing includes manual and automation testing, Performance Tuning and Performance testing. Online and onsite software training to individuals and corporate companies anywhere in the world.
We provide best hands on online training with real time examples to make sure that the participants are able to handle real time scenarios.