The 31st Imperial Cabinet Electoral Convention (Hanyu: 第三十一屆大漢帝國皇族內閣選舉公約, Hanyu pinyin: Dì sānshíyī jiè dàhàn dìguó huángzú nèigé xuǎnjǔ gōngyuē) was convened in Chang'an between the 7th and 21st July 2016 to elect the 31st Imperial Cabinet. The popular elections to the Convention took place on 1st July; no party managed to secure a majority. However, the Han People's Democratic Front became the largest party in the Convention, securing 1162 of the 2381 available seats, breaking the 10-year streak of the National Party. The Convention was presided by then-Premier and National Party Caucus leader Ma Yingjiu.

The Convention resulted in the victory of the Han People's Democratic Front (HPDF) over the governing Guojiadang (GJD), winning 12 of the 20 seats in the Cabinet. GJD representation in the Cabinet dropped from 15 in the 30th Cabinet to just 7, reflecting outgoing Premier Ma Yingjiu's massive loss of popularity: when he was appointed, his approval ratings were 56%, compared to just 19% by April 2016. By contrast, the HPDF's leader, Rose Tan, known for her modern views and liberal ideology, is to enter office with a 62% approval rating, according to a July 2016 poll.

However, the National Party has managed to garner the support of several right-wing parties, such as the One Empire Party and National Solidarity Union, who pledged to support the candidates of the GJD. As a result, the vast majority of the remaining seats in the Cabinet will be occupied by the National Party, still led by Ma Yingjiu. The only Cabinet seat not occupied by either major party went to the Environmental Protection Party, with its caucus leader, Wang Lihuang, winning the seat.