1. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the political organization of
the Chilean State as it results from the changes that have taken place since
September 11, 1973 to the present. For the purposes of its exposition, the Commission
has deemed it advisable to divide that evolution into two stages: the first
stage, running from that date to the entry into force of the 1980 Constitution,
during which major changes were introduced into the existing institutional system.
The second is the present stage, in which the structure of the state is established
by the 1980 Constitution.

2. With respect to the aspects considered, the Commission has deemed it advisable
to refer to the new organs established beginning September 11, 1973 and, especially,
the Government Junta, its membership, structure and functions. Among those functions
special emphasis will be placed on the exercise of legislative and constituent
powers and a brief account will be given of how that exercise has affected the
functions of the Judiciary. The evolution of the powers granted to the President
of the Republic will also be examined in detail.

3. With respect to its treatment of the 1980 Constitution, the Commission
has taken into account the fact that it provides for two types of institutional
arrangements: the permanent-which will come into effect in 1989-and the present,
which will be in force until that date; the Commission will examine only the
second since it is that which is of interest for the purposes of this report.
This chapter will also include an account of the origin of the 1980 Constitution.

B. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE IN THE FIRST STAGE

a. The Reasons Invoked

4. After the military coup of September 11, 1973, the Government Junta was
established and took supreme command of the nation, its purpose being to restore
the Chilean way of life, justice, and the institutions destroyed, aware that
that was the only way of being faithful to national traditions, the legacy of
the Founding Fathers, and the history of Chile and of enabling the country to
progress and develop vigorously in the way that the dynamics of modern times
demand of Chile in the concert of nations of which it forms part. [1]

5. In addition, on September 11, 1973, the Government Junta stated that the
action it had taken reflected its “moral duty” to remove a government that had
become “fragrantly illegitimate” and that, to that end, it was taking office
“solely for the period the circumstances so require”. [2]

6. To sum up, to restore the Constitutional State, to incorporate Chile into
the international community of which it formed part, and to ensure the progress
of the country were the reasons invoked to justify the military coup of 1973.
To that end the Government Junta took office for a period it itself considered
strictly limited.

b. The Government Junta: Membership and Structure

7. Pursuant to Decree Law No. 1, the Government Junta took supreme command
of the nation and was made up of the Commander in Chief of the Army, Army General
Augusto Pinochet Ugarte; the Commander in Chief of the Navy, Admiral Jose Toribio
Merino Castro; the Commander in Chief of the Air Force, General Gustavo Leigh
Guzmán and the Director General of Carabineros (Uniformed Police), General César
Mendoza Duran. [3] Article 2 of that Decree designated General
Pinochet Ugarte President of the Government Junta.

8. Decree Law No. 527 of June 26, 1974 approved the Statute of the Government
Junta and established the order of precedence, the subrogation and the replacement
of its members. Article 2 stipulated that the government Junta would adopt its
decisions by unanimous vote.

9. With effect from December 17, 1974, the Government Junta granted General
Augusto Pinochet the title of President of the Republic of Chile, and in that
capacity he was the supreme authority of the nation and the administration of
the State, with the powers, attributions, and prerogatives the Statute of the
government Junta conferred on him. [4] In this first stage,
General Pinochet Continued to be a member of the Government Junta, over which
he presided. Under Decree No. 1426 of 1976, the government Junta regulated the
system of subrogation of the President of the Republic and kept the order of
precedence established in the Statute.

10. Pursuant to Decree Law No. 1.640 of 1976, the Government Junta stipulated
that the grounds for temporary or definitive retirement, in force for the Armed
Forces and Carabineros, did not apply to its members. In accordance with that
stipulation, its four members would continue to serve unless on e of the grounds
for termination of office embodied in the Statute occurred: death, resignation,
or any other kind of permanent disability.

11. The Statute of the Government Junta did not set forth-governmental accountability,
of the members of the Junta. Or of the President of the Republic and only the
civil liability of the Ministers of State, which would be effective with the
prior agreement of the President of the Republic and of the Government Junta.

c. The Powers of the Government Junta

12. Article 3 of the above-mentioned Decree Law No. 1 stated that:

In the discharge of its duties, the Junta shall guarantee the full effectiveness
of the attributions of the Judiciary and shall respect the constitution and
the Laws of the Republic insofar as the present state of the country so permits,
for the better achievement of the purpose it proposes.

13. Decree Law No. 128 was published on November 16, 1973 to clarify the scope
of the expression “Supreme Authority of the Nation” used in Decree Law No. 1.
In that regard, Decree No. 128 stipulates that “with effect from September 11,
1973 the Government Junta has taken on the exercise of the constituent, legislative
and executive powers”. With respect to the functions in the manner and with
the independence and authority specified in the Constitution of 1925.

14. Decree Law No. 527 was published on June 26, 1974. It approved the “Statute
of the Government Junta”. According to that Decree Law, the Government Board
would exercise the constituent power and the legislative power through decree
laws. The executive power would be exercised by the President of the Government
Junta.

d. The Exercise of the Legislative Power

15. In the exercise of the broad authority it had assumed, the Government
Junta adopted various important measures: It dissolved the National Congress
with effect from September 21, 1973 and discharged the Deputies and Senators
serving at that date; [5] dismissed the mayor and municipal
councilors of the municipalities of the country with effect from September 11,
1973; [6] cancelled the legal status of the Central Unica de
Trabajadores; [7] declared the political parties that made
up the Popular Unity to be illegal and dissolved them; [8]
declared all the other political parties to be in recess; [9]
dissolved the Constitutional Court; [10] declared the electoral
rolls invalid; [11] declared all employees of the State Administration
except those of the Judiciary and of the Office of the General Comptroller of
the Republic to be temporary employees; [12] stipulated that
the public sector was in the process of reorganization; [13]
appointed rectores delegados in all the universities of the country; [14]
established transitory provisions governing trade union activity; [15]
and dissolved the national Education Council. [16]

16. In addition, the Government Junta declared the country to be in a state
of siege [17] and a state of emergency, [18]
both with effect from September 11, 1973 and, pursuant to Decree Law No. 5 of
September 12, 1973, decreed that the state of siege established was to be construed
as “A state or time of war”.

17. The Government Junta of Chile also stipulated that the mayors of the municipalities
would be appointed by it and that such appointments would go to persons that
enjoyed its exclusive confidence; [19] issued the Statute
of the Internal Government and Administration of the State; [20]
established a new regional organization of the country; [21]established
the National Committee on Administrative Reform; [22] set
up the Advisory Committee of the Government Junta; [23] and
instituted the National Intelligence Agency (DINA), [24].

18. Under Decree Law No. 1,697, published in the Official Gazette of March
12, 1977, the Government Junta declared all political parties, institutions,
groups, factions, and political movements existing at the date to be dissolved.
And prohibited the execution or promotion of any public or private activity,
action or undertaking of a party political nature, either by natural or artificial
persons, organizations, institutions or groups of persons. [25]

19. For its part, Decree Law No. 1,319 of 1976 established the Council of
State as the supreme consultative body of the President of the Republic in matters
of government and civil administration. The Council of State was composed of
the former presidents of the Republic, as of right, and of prominent persons
appointed by the President of the Republic.

e. The Exercise of Executive power

20. With respect to the Executive Power, its exercise was granted to General
Pinochet, first as president of the Government Junta and then--with effect from
December 17, 1974--as president of the Republic. Together with that office,
he retained the Presidency of the Junta. This last-mentioned designation meant
that he became the Supreme Chief of the nation which presupposed the discharge
of the following functions, among others: To appoint the ministers of State,
diplomatic agents, intendants and governors, with the agreement of the Junta;
to appoint the magistrates of the higher courts of justice and the professionally
qualified judges, with the agreement of the Junta; to exercise per se the regulator
power; to dispose of the air, sea and land forces, to organize them and distribute
them with the agreement of the Junta. To that was added the power of the President
to appoint mayors as his confidential agents, in accordance with the Organic
Law of Municipalities approved by Decree Law No. 1,289 published in the Official
Gazette of January 14, 1976. [26]

f. The Exercise of the Constituent Power

21. The exercise of the legislative and executive powers, assumed by the Government
Junta, also determined the exercise of the constituent power. Decree Law No.
128 of November 12, 1973 stipulated:

Article 2. The juridical system contained in the Constitution (of 1925) and
in the laws of the Republic shall continue in effect until it is or has been
amended as provided for in the following article.

Article 3. The Constituent Power and the Legislative Power, shall be exercised
by the government junta through decree laws bearing the signatures of all its
members…

The provisions of the decree laws that amend the Political Constitution of
the State shall form part of its text and shall be considered embodied in it.

22. The foregoing decree law was subsequently complemented by Decree Law No.
788, published on December 4, 1974. It stipulated:

Article 1. It is hereby declared that the decree laws issued so far by the
Government Junta, insofar as they are contrary to or conflict with or are different
from any provision of the Constitution of the State. Have been and are rules
that amend, expressly or tacitly, in part or in whole, the corresponding provision
of this Constitution.

23. Decree Law No. 788 added that, in the future, only those decree laws that
explicitly stated that the Government Junta was issuing them in the exercise
of the constituent power would have the status of amendments to the Constitution.

24. On the occasion of the third anniversary of the military coup on September
11, 1976 the Government Junta approved three Constitutionals Acts in the exercise
of the constituent power it had allegedly assumed. Constitutional Act. No. 2
(No. 1 is assigned to that which established the Council of State) established
the “Essential Bases of the Chilean Institutional System” and repeals Chapter
I of the Constitution of 1925. This Constitutional Act maintains the structure
of the State resulting from the changes introduced since then. Sets forth the
purpose pursued by the State and declares that sovereignty resides in the nation
and is exercised in accordance with the Constitutional Act of the Government
Junta and all the regulations that have been issued or will be issued in conformity
with it. In accordance with that Constitutional Act, this sovereignty does not
recognize any limitation other than respect for the rights emanating from human
nature. In addition, it declares that Chile is a Republic that is structured
as a new democracy in which the community participates and which is endowed
with mechanisms for ensuring its protection, consolidation, and authority.

25. Constitutional Acts No. 3 and No. 4 establish, respectively, the rights
and duties of the human person and the limitations to which they may be subject
when states of emergency are in effect. These constitutional acts will be dealt
with in detail in Chapter II of this report and are therefore only mentioned
here.

26. The Judiciary and the way in which its functions were affected by the
changes introduced into the structure of the state during this first stage will
be specifically considered din Chapter VIII in this report.

27. As may be noted, the broad powers assumed by the authorities arising from
the military coup of 1973, enabled them to carry out a through reorganization
of the institutional structure of the State. In this task, those authorities
were not subordinated to the Constitution and its laws, which enabled them to
significantly limit the functions of the Judiciary and to remove from the political
arena any groups that could represent divergent points of view. During this
first stage, therefore, power was completely concentrated in the Government
junta and, within it, in the person of President of the Republic. These features
are embodied in and formalized by the Constitution of 1980, which will be examined
in the following section.

C. THE CONSTITUTION OF 1980: BACKGROUND

28. Supreme Decree No. 1,064 of the Ministry of the Interior, published on
November 12, 1973. Made explicit the early concern of the new authorities about
the “need to reconstitute, renew, and perfect the fundamental institutional
system of the Republic for the full attainment of the goals set forth in the
Act of Constitution of the Government Junta.”

29. To that end, a Committee set up to study, prepare and propose a preliminary
draft of a new constitution had been working since September 24, 1973. The initial
efforts of that Committee appointed by the Government Junta were limited to
collecting opinions and identifying the major subject-matter areas that required
detailed consideration.

30. On July 9, 1977, the President of the Republic made a speech in which
he defined the new democracy his government was bent on constructing. He stated
that it was necessary to repeal the Constitution of 1925 as a corollary of the
process that had led to the enactment of the Constitutional Acts. [27]
Subsequently, General Pinochet announced his decision to hold a plebiscite to
adopt a new Constitution as a first step in a transition stage that would culminate
in the establishment of an “authoritarian and protected” democracy. [28]

31. On November 10, 1977 the President of the Republic sent a letter to the
Committee for the Study of the Constitutional Reform in which he set forth the
basic ideas it should take into account when preparing its preliminary draft.
[29] This Committee invited a number of professors of constitutional
law and representatives of trade associations and union organizations to express
their opinions. The meetings of the Committee were private and its proceedings
were confidential. The result of those efforts was the report of the above-mentioned
Committee issued on August 16, 1978 and published on September 7 of that year
in El Mercurio of Santiago.

32. On October 31, 1978, the President of the Republic requested the Council
of state to give its opinion on the preliminary draft. To perform its consultative
function, that Council requested the public to submit suggestions, comments
or criticisms of the preliminary draft of the Study Committee. According to
the Report of the Council of State, about 150 suggestions wee received; in addition,
consultations were held with official circles and experts in various fields.
It should be pointed out that there were no opinions from political parties
since they had been dissolved. [30] In accordance with the
rules of procedure of the Council of State the consultations the President of
the Republic held with it were confidential and therefore no publicity was given
to the pertinent discussions in the Council of State. On July 8, 1980, the Chairman
of the Council of State submitted its report to the President of the Republic,
in official letter C.P.R. No. 13 of July 1, 1980.

33. Because of the unanimity required by its Stature, the Government Junta
approved the definitive text of the draft of the new constitution under Decree
Law No. 3,464 published in the Official Gazette on August 11, 1980. Although
that text was not identical with that of the Study Committee and that of the
Council of State, many of its provisions were taken form those two texts. The
transitory provisions of the final draft, dealing with the special period running
up to 1989, were substantially different from those proposed by the Council
of State.

34. Under Decree Law No. 3,465, published on August 12, 1980, the Government
Junta, in the exercise of the Constituent Power, convoked a plebiscite to be
held one month later. All Chileans over 18 years of age, including those who
could not read or write or were blind, would be entitled to vote, as would be
aliens over 18 years of age who were legally resident in Chile. For Chileans,
participation was obligatory. Since there were no electoral rolls, an identity
card was sufficient for voting. The above-mentioned decree law also provided
that ballots in which two preferences were indicated would be null and void
and blank votes would be counted as affirmative votes.

35. In view of the convocation of a plebiscite, various groups and prominent
persons issued statements both on the act itself and on the conditions in which
it tool place; in addition, there were demonstrations subsequent to the holding
of the plebiscite. An exhaustive examination of these aspects will be made in
the chapter dealing with political rights in this report.

36. After the plebiscite was held, the result announced by the national OF
Tellers College (Colegio Escrutural Nacional) was the following: For, 4,204,879
(67.04%), against, 1,893,420 (30.19%); votes null and void, 173,569 (2.77%).
Under Supreme Decree No. 1.150 of the Ministry of interior, published in the
Official Gazette of October 24, 1980, the text of the Constitution of 1980 was
promulgated; it entered into effect on March 11, 1981.

D. THE PRESENT POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE STATE

37. The 1980 Constitution establishes the present structure of the State in
Chile. As already pointed out, the articles of the Constitution are divided
into permanent and transitory provisions. The latter take precedence over the
former and establish the system, which, as they envision, will be in effect
in Chile during the period described in the following section. As regards the
structure of the state, this hierarchy of rules follows from the stipulations
of transitory provisions 13 which provides that, during that period “all the
previsions of the Constitution, with the amendments and exceptions indicated
in the (following) transitory provisions, shall be applicable”.

a. The Special Period: timetable and Procedures

38. The Constitution entered into force on March 11, 1981 and, in accordance
with transitory provision 13, the presidential period it envisions will last
for the eight years stipulated in Article 25 of the permanent provisions, that
is, until March 11, 1989. This period may be extended for a further year if
the situation envisaged in transitional provisions 29 occurs. That transitory
provision will be examined later.

39. Transitory provision 14 prescribes that:

During the term referred to in the preceding provision, the present President,
General of the Army, Augusto Pinochet Ugarte, shall continue as President of
the Republic and shall remain in office through the end of said term.

40. At the end of the special presidential period, the appointment of the
President of the Republic will be subject to the procedure described below,
but the prohibition of reelection provided for in Article 25 of the permanent
provisions of the Constitution will not apply to President Pinochet.

41. In accordance with transitory provision 27 it will be incumbent on the
Commanders in Chief of the armed Forces and the Director General of the Carabineros
unanimously to propose a person who will fill the office of President of the
Republic. If there is no unanimity, the proposal will be made by the national
Security Council, which will take that decision, by a simple majority of votes.

42. For that purpose, the national Security Council will be composed of its
full members in the special presidential period: the President of the Republic,
the members of the Government Junta, the President of the Supreme Court and
the Chairman of the Council of State. In this particular instance, the Comptroller
General of the Republic, an official appointed by the President, with the agreement
of the Government Junta, will be a member of the Council.

43. Again in accordance with transitory provision 27, the proposal of the
Government Junta or of the National Security Council, as the case may be, must
be submitted to a plebiscite. In that connection, transitory provision 28 stipulates
that if the body of citizens approves that proposal, the President of the Republic
appointed will take office at the end of the presidential period, and will remain
in office for a the eight years provided for, that is, up to March 11, 1997.

44. Transitory provision 28 also stipulates that the President appointed will,
nine months after taking office, convoke general elections for deputies and
senators. He national Congress will be installed three months after the convocation
of elections. Meanwhile, the Government Junta will continue during that year
and the transitory provisions in effect during the special presidential period
will continue to be in effect.

45. If in the plebiscite the body of citizens were not to approve the person
proposed for President of the Republic. Transitory provision 29 envisages that
the special presidential period will be understood to be automatically extended
and the serving President of the Republic and the government Junta will continue
in office for one more year. Only when that period has expired will all the
provisions of the Constitution, and, therefore, the election of the President
by direct vote, be in full effect.

b. The Government Junta: Structure and Functions

46. In addition to what is envisaged in connection with the President of the
Republic and already mentioned, transitory provision 14 stipulates that during
the special period:

The Government Junta shall, likewise, remain integrated by the Commanders-in-Chief
of the Army, Navy and Air Force and by the Director-General of the Armed Police.
It will be governed by the norms, which regulate the internal functioning thereof,
and shall have the powers set forth in the corresponding transitory provisions.

However, in view of the fact that the Commander-In-Chief of the Army is the
President of the Republic, he shall not form part of the government Junta; the
Officer General of Arms of the Army who follows him in seniority shall act as
the titular member in his stead. Nevertheless, the President of the Republic
may replace the latter at any time with another officer General of Arms of his
Institutions in the order of seniority.

47. With respect to the attributions of the government Junta during the special
period, according to transitory provision 18, by unanimous vote of its members,
it exercises the constituent power and the legislative power, it interprets
the Constitution and the laws, and it approves or rejects international treaties,
among other functions; by and large, these are the functions the legislature
would discharge in normal times. To these are added the factions derived from
the peculiar characteristics of the special period, and those cases in which
it must give its agreement to decisions adopted by the President of the Republic.
They will be dealt with in the following section.

48. The above-mentioned transitory provision also stipulates that, in the
discharge of the constituent power, the drafts approved by the Government Junta
will require approval by plebiscite. In this regard it should be pointed out
that, although the President of the Republic does not have the right to veto
draft, constitutional reforms and laws. The decisions of the Government Junta
must be unanimous and the titular member from the Army is a person who is a
confidential agent of the President.

49. The Constitution does not establish the governmental accountability of
the members of the government Junta. Who however are not explicitly exempt from
the application of the measures. The President of the Republic may order in
accordance with transitory provision 24, which will be studied in detail in
Chapter II of this report and which grants him special powers during the states
of emergency he may declare.

c. Powers of the President of the Republic

50. The President of the Republic is responsible for the governance and administration
of the States; he also has the status of Head of state. The attributions conferred
on hum by the “Constitution is established, with respect to what is valid during
the special period, in Article 32 of the permanent provisions. They deal with
the powers generically associated with the exercise of the executive power,
that is, to appoint and remove ministers, diplomatic representatives, mayors,
governors, deputy secretaries and intendants; to conduct foreign relations;
to dispose of the Armed Forces; to supervise the conduct of the members of the
Judiciary, etc.

51. He also has the powers granted him by Articles 41 and 52 of the Constitution,
which deal with the declaration of states of emergency and the measures he may
adopt in these circumstances-which will be examined in detail in Chapter II
of this report. Those measures include: to arrest, transfer and expel from the
country such persons, as he deems advisable; to suspend or restrict freedom
of movement and entry into or departure from the country; to suspend or restrict
the exercise of the right of assembly, of freedom of information and opinion
and to restrict the right of association and trade union affiliation, as well
as to impose censorship on correspondence and communications.

52. Without prejudice to the powers mentioned in the foregoing paragraph,
during the special period the President of the Republic has the attributions
conferred on him by transitory provision 15: to decree on his own authority
states of emergency and of disaster and to appoint and remove mayors. In accordance
with that transitory provision, the exercise of other attributions will require
the agreement of the Government Junta. The appointment of the Commanders in
Chief of the Armed Forces and of the Director General of the Carabineros, the
Appointment of the Comptroller General of the Republic, the declaration of states
of alert and of siege, the declaration of war and decisions on the admissibility
of accusations by private individuals against ministers in respect of acts performed
in the discharge of their duties.

53. In addition, transitory provision 24 confers on the President of the Republic
the power to declare, on his own authority the existence of danger of disturbance
of internal peace, which permits him, during a renewable period of six months.
To arrest and order the enforced residence of persons, expel them from the country
of prohibit them from entering the country and to restrict the right of assembly
and information. A more detailed analysis of this transitory provision is presented
in Chapter II of this report.

54. It must be pointed out that, during the special period, the President
of the Republic is not subject to governmental accountability for his acts since
there is no constitutional provision that embodies it. This interpretation was
corroborated by the decision of a judge of the Santiago Appeal Court of May
25, 1984--subsequently confirmed by the Appeal Court and the Supreme Court--issued
in a criminal case instituted by private individuals against the President of
the Republic, General Augusto Pinochet Ugarte. [31]

d. Other State Organs

55. During the Special presidential period that runs until 1989 the Judiciary,
the attributions of which are very restricted by the continued exercise of the
legislative and constituent powers by the Government Junta, continues to function.
The composition of the Constitutional Tribunal, for its part, has been profoundly
modified. The Court is composed of three members of the Supreme Court elected
by it, a lawyer appointed by the President of the Republic, two lawyers appointed
by the National Security Council. Of which, the President of the Republic is
the Chairman, and a lawyer appointed by the Government Junta, the principal
attributions of this Court are very limited.

56. It should be pointed out that during this special period the National
Congress, the Electoral Court, and political parties do not operate. To operate
legally, political parties require the approval of a special law whose enactment
is a prerogative of the government Junta and which has not yet been issued.

e. Possibility of Amending the 1980 Constitution

57. The 1980 Constitution has been designed to make its amendment possible
only if the three Commanders in Chief of the Armed Forces and the Director General
of Carabineros and, at a subsequent stage, the President of the Republic, so
decide.

58. Apart from an amendment arising directly from the Government Junta, the
only legal means available to amend the Constitution is the exercise of the
right of petition, embodied in paragraph 14 of Article 19, through a petition
to the Government Junta, the depository of the constituent power. Only a proposed
constitutional amendment, approved by it, may be submitted to a plebiscite for
definitive adoption. However, it should be recalled that the Government Junta
must take its decisions unanimously and, therefore, all its members, one of
whom, is a confidential agent of the President of the Republic, must agree.
In addition, the plebiscite must be convoked by the President. [32]
This extreme rigidity can be a serious obstacle in the search for formulas aimed
at correcting some of the defects its provisions may suffer from.

59. To sum up, under the 1980 Constitution, power continues to be concentrated
during the special presidential period in the government Junta and especially
in the President of the Republic. They also control the power to approve any
amendment they wish to be introduced. The lack of governmental accountability
of both the members of the Junta and the President of the Republic also persists.

60. Individual rights are severally restricted under states of constitutional
emergency and the attributions of the Judiciary are significantly reduced by
the exercise of the legislative and constituent powers by the government Junta.
As will be seen throughout this report, all this adversely affects the exercise
and enjoyment of basic human rights.

61. Under this Constitution, party political activity continues to be prohibited,
and the legalization of and conditions for such activity is left to the discretion
of the Government Junta. The Constitution also grants a decisive role to the
Commanders in Chief of the Armed Forces and to the Director General of Carabineros
in appointing the President of the Republic in 1989.

62. The body of citizens will elect a National Congress in early 1990 and
may elect a President of the Republic from among several candidates only 1997,
that is, 27 years after the last presidential election held in Chile. This election
could be advanced to 1990 if the nomination submitted to plebiscite in 1989
is rejected. As may be seen, these are extremely lengthy periods that are not
consistent with the decision of the Government Junta to take office “solely
for the period the circumstances require”.

Notes____________________

[1] Operative paragraph I of Decree Law No. 1.

[2] Preambular paragraph 13 of Proclamation No. 5.

[3] General Leigh resigned in July 1978 and was replaced by
General of the Air Fernando Matthei Aubel, the Commander in Chief of the Air
Force, who has served as a member of the Government Junta since then to date.
In August 2, 1985, General Cesar Mendoza Duran, Director General of Carabineros,
resigned and was replaced by General. Rodolfo Stange.

[4] Decree Law No. 806 of 1974.

[5] Decree Law No. 27 of 1973.

[6] Decree Law No. 25 of 1973.

[7] Decree Law No. 12 of 1973.

[8] Decree Law No. 77 of 1973.

[9] Decree Law No. 78 of 1973.

[10] Decree Law No. 119 of 1973.

[11] Decree Law No. 130 of 1973.

[12] Decree Law No. 6 of 1973.

[13] Decree Law No. 98 of 1973.

[14] Decree Law No. 50 of 1973.

[15] Decree Law No. 198 of 1973.

[16] Decree Law No. 403 of 1974.

[17] Decree Law No. 3 of 1973.

[18] Decree Law No. 4 of 1973.

[19] Decree Law No. 25 of 1973.

[20] Decree Law No. 573 of 1974.

[21] Decree Law No. 575 of 1974.

[22] Decree Law No. 212 of 1973.

[23] Decree Law No. 460 of 1974.

[24] Decree Law No. 521 of 1974.

[25] The status of political parties will be examined in greater
detail in the chapter dealing with the exercise of political rights.

[26] To these must be added the many functions assigned to
the President under the states of emergency, which, for methodological reasons,
will be dealt with in Chapter II of this Report.

[27] El Mercurio of Santiago. July 10, 1977.

[28] El Mercurio of Santiago. April 6, 1978.

[29] El Mercurio of Santiago. November 12, 1977.

[30] The Report of the Council of State contains:

a. Comparative version of the texts of the Study Commission and of the Council
of State. The provisions that were not unanimously approved by the Council of
State are furnished with footnotes containing the reservations or dissenting
opinions of the Councilors, who are indicated in each case.