Perhaps the most efficient way of evaluating France is to consider key dimensions which themselves are composites of multiple factors. Composite portfolio approaches have long been used by strategic planners. The biggest challenge in this approach is to choose the appropriate factors that are the most relevant to international planning. The two measures of greatest relevance to higher education and post-graduate executive programs are “latent demand” and “market accessibility”. The figure below summarizes the key dimensions and recommendations of such an approach. Using these two composites, one can prioritize all countries of the world. Countries of high latent demand and high relative accessibility (e.g. easier entry for one firm compared to other firms) are given highest priority. The figure below shows two different scenarios. Accessibility is defined as a firm’s ease of entering or supplying from or to a market (the “supply side”), and latent demand is an indicator of the potential in serving from or to the market (the “demand side”).Framework for Prioritizing Countries

Demand/Market
Potential Driven Firm

Relative Accessibility

Accessibility/Supply Averse Firm

In the top figure, the firm is driven by market potential, whereas the bottom figure represents a firm that is driven by costs or by an aversion to difficult markets. This report treats the reader as coming from a “generic firm” approaching the global market - neither a market-driven nor a cost-driven company. Planners must therefore augment this report with their own company-specific factors that might change the priorities (e.g. a Canadian firm may have higher accessibility in Canada than a German firm).

Latent Demand and Accessibility in France

This report provides a detailed overview of factors driving latent demand and accessibility for higher education and post-graduate executive programs in France. Latent demand is largely driven by economic fundamentals specific to higher education and post-graduate executive programs. This topic is discussed in Chapter 2 using work carried out in France on behalf of American firms and authored by the United States government (typically commercial attachés or similar persons in local offices of the U.S. Department of State). I have included a number of edits to clarify the information provided. Latent demand only represents half of the picture. Chapter 2 also deals with micro-accessibility for higher education and post-graduate executive programs in France. I use the term “micro” since the discussion is focused specifically on higher education and post-graduate executive programs.

Chapter 3 is also a stand-alone report that I have authored. It covers proxy pro-forma financial indicators of firms operating in France. I use the word “proxy” because the provided figures only cover a “what if” scenario, based on actual operating results for firms in France. The numbers are only indicative of an average firm whose primary activity is in France. It covers a vertical analysis of the maximum likelihood balance sheet, income statement, and financial ratios of firms operating in France. It does so for a particular Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code. That code covers “colleges, universities, and professional schools”, as defined in Chapter 3. Again, while “colleges, universities, and professional schools” does not exactly equate to “higher education and post-graduate executive programs”, it nevertheless gives an indicator of how France compares to other countries for a proxy adjacent category along various dimensions.

Chapter 4 deals with macro-accessibility and covers factors that go beyond higher education and post-graduate executive programs. A country may at first sight appear to be attractive due to a high latent demand, but it is often less attractive when one considers at the macro level how easy it might be to serve that entire potential and/or general business risks. While accessibility will always vary from one company to another for a given country, the following domains are typically considered when evaluating macro-accessibility in France:Openness to Trade in FranceOpenness to Direct Investment in FranceLocal Marketing and Entry Strategy AlternativesLocal Human ResourcesLocal Risks

Across these domains, a number of not-so-obvious factors can affect accessibility and risk. These are covered in the Chapter 4, which is a general overview of investment and business conditions in France. Chapter 4 is also presented from the perspective of an American firm, though is equally applicable to most firms entering France. This chapter is also authored by local offices of the U.S. government, as is Chapter 2. Likewise, I have included a number of edits to clarify the provided information as it relates to the general strategic framework mentioned earlier.
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