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A system and method for administering nitrous oxide to a patient has a
fluid control system that allows a user to monitor and control the supply
of gases to a patient. A shutoff valve allows a user to selectively
activate the fluid control system. Oxygen flow is adjusted by a flow
controlling valve. A differential pressure regulator allows flow of
nitrous oxide in response to sufficient oxygen flow. Flow of the nitrous
oxide is further controlled by a ratio controlling valve. A display shows
the flow of the gases through the fluid control system. A flush valve
allows a user to flush the output with oxygen. A flow indicator light may
be included. An optional output selector allows the user to direct the
flow to one of various output ports. An optional safety scavenge valve
prevents operation of the fluid control system when there is insufficient
scavenge vacuum pressure.

1. A fluid control system for administering nitrous oxide and oxygen,
comprising: a fluid control system for controlling the flow of nitrous
oxide and oxygen; a nitrous oxide and oxygen supply fluidly connected to
the fluid control system; a vacuum source fluidly connected to the fluid
control system; and a safety scavenge system connected to the fluid
control system.

2. A method for administering nitrous oxide, comprising the following
steps: providing a fluid flow generated by a vacuum source; providing
nitrous oxide fluid from a nitrous oxide source; providing oxygen from an
oxygen source; controlling the flow of oxygen through a fluid control
system; connecting a safety scavenge system to a fluid connection between
the nitrous oxide source and said vacuum source; releasing the nitrous
oxide through said safety scavenge system upon a vacuum source reaching
or exceeding one or more predetermined ranges; and shutting off the
nitrous oxide when the scavenging vacuum pressure is less than the one or
more predetermined ranges.

3. A system for administering nitrous oxide, comprising: a fluid control
system for controlling the flow of nitrous oxide and oxygen; a nasal
delivery interface system fluidly connected to the fluid control system,
said nasal delivery interface system including a scavenging tube and a
nitrous oxide and oxygen tube fluidly connected to a nasal delivery mask;
a nitrous oxide and oxygen supply fluidly connected to the fluid control
system; a vacuum source fluidly connected to the scavenging tube for
scavenging excess gases; the fluid control system includes a safety
scavenge system, the safety scavenge system comprising: a mass airflow
sensor for reading scavenging vacuum pressure fluidly connected to the
scavenging tube before the vacuum source; a master controller in
electrical communication with the mass airflow sensor for receiving the
scavenging vacuum pressure reading from the mass airflow sensor which is
compared to a predetermined range; and an alarm in electrical
communication with the master controller which instructs the alarm to
activate if the scavenging vacuum pressure is less than a first
predetermined range.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This is a continuation application and is related to and claims
priority from earlier filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/317,853
filed Jun. 27, 2014 which claims benefit of Provisional Patent
Application No. 61/840,419, filed Jun. 27, 2013; and is a
continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/681,509 filed
Nov. 20, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,794,233 issued Aug. 5, 2014, which is
a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/890,176 filed Sep.
24, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,371,297 issued Feb. 12, 2013, which is a
continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/567,729 filed
Sep. 25, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,360,058 issued Jan. 29, 2013, which is
a Non-Provisional patent application of U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 61/100,149 filed Sep. 25, 2008, the entire contents of
each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to a system for administering gas.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a system for
administering anesthesia/analgesia gas which provides convenient, direct
access by a medical practitioner, a clear line of vision for the medical
practitioner, and flexibility to accommodate the patient and medical
professional's needs. The present invention also relates to a fluid
control system for such a gas administering system and a method of
operating the fluid control system.

[0003] N2O analgesia has been used for over a century to successfully
relax and sedate dental patients. Originally and until recently the
application of these gages was virtually unrestricted and thus the supply
system required was relatively unencumbered. With the advent of mandatory
scavenge systems for nitrous delivery, these units became much more bulky
and difficult to use in day to day practice and this utilized rate
declined.

[0004] Typically, the compressed medical gages are delivered to the
practitioner's facility in gas cylinders. These cylinders either connect
to a central distribution system, serving multiple operating rooms, or
they are portable and are mounted on rolling carts which serve one
operating room and patient. These cylinders are connected via hoses or
piping to a regulating system which controls delivery pressure, flow rate
and blended ratio. There are monitors, gages and other devices to provide
information to the practitioner regarding the delivery parameters. From
the control device, gas flows via flexible hoses to a nasal delivery
interface device. As shown in FIG. 1, vacuum scavenging of expelled gases
flows from the nasal delivery interface device, via flexible tubing, into
the centralized building vacuum utility system.

[0005] These essential components are incorporated into support systems.
Systems commonly found in the art fall into three general categories: a)
cart mounted tanks and controls, b) cart mounted controls and c) wall or
stationary cabinet mounted controls.

[0006] Cart mounted tanks and control systems utilize an open or closed,
wheeled cart. (FIGS. 4, 9). Portable O2 and N2O tanks are mounted on the
cart. The control system and breather bag are usually mounted on a center
pole attached to an open cart or supported by the shell of an enclosed
cart. The patient supply tubing connects the cart outlet to the nasal
delivery interface device. Referring to FIG. 2, the scavenging tubing
connects the nasal delivery interface device via flexible tubing into the
centralized building vacuum utility system.

[0007] As illustrated in FIGS. 1-2, current systems running from the
control devices to the nasal delivery interface device use multi lumen
hose systems which are long, heavy, complex and somewhat stiff. They pull
on the patient's head and limit practitioner accessibility to the
patient's mouth area. As a result they also limit the ability of the
practitioner to reposition the patient's head.

[0008] Cart mounted control systems are similar to those above, except
that the 02 and N20 are supplied from a central source via floor or wall
gas outlets rather than from in situ tanks. Flexible hoses route the
gases from the outlet to the control system. The control system and
breather bag are mounted on a center pole attached to an open, wheeled
cart. The patient supply tubing connects the cart outlet to the nasal
delivery interface device. The scavenging tubing connects the nasal
delivery interface device via flexible tubing into the centralized
building vacuum utility system.

[0009] As illustrated in FIG. 3, wall and cabinet mounted systems have the
O2 and N2O gas supplied via flexible or rigid tubing from a central
source. This tubing is enclosed in the walls of the operatory with other
centralized utilities. The control system and breather bag are mounted to
the wall or cabinet unit. The mounting may be a flush mount, surface or
articulated arm mount design. Long patient supply tubing connects the
control systems to the nasal delivery interface device on the patient.
Long scavenging system tubing connects the nasal delivery interface
device into the centralized building vacuum utility system.

[0010] Also, wall mounted systems are typically separated from the patient
chair by a work surface or passageway. Wall mount systems have long hose
lengths between the control devices and the nasal delivery interface
device. The longer the hose length, the longer the latency period between
changing a control setting and the patient actually receiving that
changed gaseous output. In addition, the hose position and length
interferes with operator positioning. Tubing runs from the wall mounted,
control system outlet to the nasal delivery interface device. This tubing
crosses a passageway or work surface and blocks or encumbers which ever
of these it traverses.

[0011] As illustrated in FIGS. 4-8, cart mounted systems can be located
behind one of the practitioners or tucked under the back of the patient
chair. In either case, visual monitoring of critical information in
impeded. This is a dangerous situation because unknown changes occurring
in the gaseous anesthetic system can be detrimental to the patient.
Additionally, excess gas expelled into the operatory is harmful to the
practitioners.

[0012] Also, carts located in the passageways, or workplace around the
patient chair, cause inference as the practitioners move around the
patient. Staff can trip over the carts and be injured and the flow of
other technology and emergency access is impeded. As well as the cost of
damaging an anesthetic system, rupturing any high pressure, 2000 psi,
system can be very dangerous to all occupants of the operatory.

[0013] There are two main drawbacks of the systems describe above. First,
current systems usually put the system controls out of direct reach of
the medical professional when he/she is seated in normal treatment
positions. This limitation is especially burdensome with wall mounted
systems. This makes it difficult for the medical professional to
accomplish anesthetic system adjustments without walking around or
reaching around the patient. This awkward arrangement slows access and
response to emergency situations. Second, current systems often put
monitoring device displays and gauges out of direct view of the doctor
and assistant.

[0014] Therefore, it would be particularly desirable to provide a system
or method for anesthesia/analgesia gas delivery provides a nitrous oxide
anesthetic administration system which provides convenient, direct access
by a medical practitioner, a clear line of vision for the medical
practitioner, and flexible to accommodate the patient and professional's
needs. Currently, there is no known nitrous oxide anesthetic
administration system in the prior art which provides these benefits.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0015] An embodiment of the present invention preserves the advantages of
prior art nitrous oxide anesthetic administration systems or methods. In
addition, it provides new advantages not found in currently available
nitrous oxide anesthetic administration systems or methods and overcomes
many disadvantages of such currently available nitrous oxide anesthetic
administration systems or methods.

[0016] The present invention is a system for administering nitrous oxide
which is preferably attached to a patient chair. The system generally
includes: a mounting surface structure, a fluid control system attached
to the mounting surface structure, a nasal delivery interface system
connected to a patient and fluid control system, a nitrous oxide and
oxygen supply connected to the fluid control system, a vacuum source for
scavenging, a breather bag connected to the fluid control system, a
mounting plate assembly to interface with patient or dental chairs, an
adjustable post mechanism attached to the mounting plate assembly and the
mounting surface structure, supply gas connectors and mixed gas output
connectors attached to the fluid control system, and other hardware and
tubing that is necessary to administer nitrous oxide in a health care
environment, preferably a dentist's office.

[0017] The system includes an adjustable post mechanism attached to a
patient or dental chair. The adjustable post mechanism is attached to a
mounting plate assembly which is attached to a lower portion of a patient
chair. The adjustable post mechanism is configured for height adjustment
and pivotal adjustment to provide convenience of use to a practitioner.

[0018] The mounting surface structure includes a top surface and a bottom
surface. The bottom surface of the mounting surface structure is attached
to a top end of the adjustable post mechanism. The mounting surface
structure positioned along a horizontal axis or approximately 180
degrees. The mounting surface structure attached to a breather bag a
proximal end and a fluid control system at a distal end closest to a
practitioner.

[0019] A fluid control system for controlling the flow of nitrous oxide
and oxygen is attached to the mounting surface structure. The fluid
control system including a fluid flow meter mounted on a top surface of
the fluid control system. A display of the fluid flow meter positioned
along a vertical axis at less than 90 degrees relative to the mounting
surface structure to provide a better view to the practitioner. A nitrous
oxide and oxygen supply fluidly connected to the fluid control system
using fluid connectors fixedly attached to the bottom surface of said
mounting surface structure.

[0020] A nasal delivery interface system fluidly connected to the fluid
control system. The nasal delivery interface system including a single
scavenging tube and a single nitrous oxide and oxygen tube fluidly
connected to a single nasal delivery mask. The fluid control system
including a mixed gas output connector fluidly connected to the single
nitrous oxide and oxygen tube. A vacuum source fluidly connected to the
single scavenging tube for scavenging excess gases and the fluid control
system.

[0021] A breather bag is vertically mounted to a top surface of the
mounting surface structure. The breather bag positioned along a vertical
axis or about 90 degrees depending upwardly from the mounting surface
structure. The breather bag mounted rearward or behind of the fluid
control system to allow full view of fluid flow meter display. The
breather bag fluidly connected to the control system by way of an
elongated tubular structure attached to a front surface of the fluid flow
meter.

[0022] The fluid control system also includes a safety scavenge system
including a mass airflow sensor, master controller, nitrous oxide valve,
and alarm. The mass airflow sensor reads the scavenging vacuum pressure
which it communicates to the master controller. Depending upon the
scavenging vacuum pressure, the master controller can activate an alarm
or shut off the flow of nitrous oxide. In operation, the present
invention provides a system for administering anesthesia/analgesia gas
which prevents excessively high volumes of exhaled nitrous oxide in the
operatory environment through monitoring of the scavenge vacuum pressure.

[0023] The safety scavenge system more specifically includes the following
components. The mass airflow sensor for reading scavenging vacuum
pressure is fluidly connected to the scavenging tube before the vacuum
source. The master controller in electrical communication with the mass
airflow sensor for receiving the scavenging vacuum pressure reading from
the mass airflow sensor which is compared to a predetermined range. A
visual alarm is in electrical communication with the master controller
which instructs the visual alarm to activate if the scavenging vacuum
pressure is less than a first predetermined range. An audio alarm is in
electrical communication with the master controller which instructs the
audio alarm to activate of the scavenging vacuum pressure is less than a
second predetermined range. A nitrous oxide valve is fluidly connected to
the nitrous oxide supply and in electrical communication with the master
controller which shuts off the nitrous oxide shut-off valve when the
scavenging vacuum pressure is less than a third predetermined range.

[0024] In operation, the present invention provides a system for
administering anesthesia/analgesia gas which provides convenient and
direct access to a medical practitioner. The practitioner connects the
nasal delivery interface system to the patient and to the fluid control
system. After the nasal mask is attached to the patient, the nitrous
oxide/oxygen gas is turned on and the gas enters a single tube fluidly
connected with a nasal delivery mask. Throughout the administration of
the gas, the system allows the practitioner a direct view and a close
proximity to the upright breathing bag, fluid control system including
display, patient, and all other parts of the nitrous oxide administration
system which makes the administration of the gas much more efficient,
safe, and less time consuming. Also, the mounting of the nitrous oxide
anesthetic administration system to a patient's chair provides greater
stability and convenience to a practitioner.

[0025] When the vacuum source is operational, any excess gases are
scavenged from the patient through the nasal delivery mask, along a
single scavenging tube, and returns back through the fluid control
system. By only having two tubes, the patient and practitioner are given
additional space and movement and reduce the possibility of entanglement.

[0026] In addition, the present invention includes the following method
for administering nitrous oxide to a patient. First, a fluid generated by
a vacuum source is provided. Second, nitrous oxide fluid from a nitrous
oxide source is provided. Third, a means for scavenging excess nitrous
oxide is in fluid connection with the nitrous oxide source and the vacuum
source. Fourth, a safety scavenge system is connected to the fluid
connection between the nitrous oxide source and the vacuum source. The
safety scavenge system includes a mass airflow sensor, master controller,
alarm, and nitrous oxide valve. Fifth, the means for scavenging excess
nitrous oxide is connected to the vacuum source and the nitrous oxide
source onto a patient. Sixth, a flow rate flow rate of the vacuum source
is increased to provide fluid into the safety scavenge system. Seventh,
nitrous oxide is released through the safety scavenge system upon the
vacuum source reaching a predetermined range. Eighth, excess nitrous
oxide is retrieved from the means for scavenging excess nitrous oxide
using the vacuum source. Ninth, the vacuum source is decreased below the
third predetermined range which prevents the safety control valve from
releasing nitrous oxide. The safety scavenge system actuated by flow
fluids to control the release of nitrous oxide therethrough.

[0027] The present invention also provides a fluid control system that
allows a user to selectively allow flow of gas through the gas
administering system, and to control the ratio of gases flowing through
the gas administering system.

[0028] The exemplary embodiment of the fluid control system has a first
intake conduit for receiving a first gas from a first gas source, such as
an oxygen tank, and has a second intake conduit for receiving a second
gas from a second gas source, such as a nitrous oxide tank. A shutoff
valve on the first intake conduit allows a user to selectively allow the
first gas to flow through the first conduit. A flow controlling valve is
located at the joint of the first intake conduit and the first output
conduit, and allows a user to adjust the flow of the first gas into the
first output conduit.

[0029] The exemplary embodiment of the fluid control system does not allow
the second gas to flow into the system if the flow of the first gas is
below a threshold level. For this purpose, the flow meter includes a
differential pressure regulator having a first chamber and a second
chamber that are separated by a movable, spring biased wall. When the
first gas flows from the first intake conduit and provides sufficient
pressure on the wall, it opposes the spring bias on the wall between the
first and second chambers. The movable wall is moved to allow the second
intake conduit and second chamber to be fluidly connected to a second
output conduit.

[0030] A user can adjust the flow of the second gas after it has passed
through the differential pressure regulator by way of a ratio controlling
valve on the second output conduit.

[0031] Thus, during operation of the fluid control system, a user can
independently adjust the flow the first gas and the second gas through
the first output conduit and the second output conduit, respectively. A
display unit shows the flow of the first gas through the first output
conduit, and the flow of the second gas through the second output
conduit.

[0032] The flow of the first and second gases is combined in a combined
flow conduit, which is fluidly connected to the first output conduit and
the second output conduit.

[0033] The fluid control system preferably includes a flush valve that
allows a user to selectively open a direct connection between the first
intake conduit and the combined output conduit.

[0034] The fluid control system also preferably includes a flow indicator
light that indicates whether a first gas is flowing through the first
intake conduit.

[0035] The flow control system also preferably includes an output selector
valve that allows a user to selectively connect the combined output
conduit to one of a plurality of output ports.

[0036] The fluid control system also preferably includes a safety scavenge
valve along the second intake conduit, which is movable between a spring
biased closed position and an open position. The safety scavenge valve is
connected to the vacuum of the scavenge system. When the scavenge system
is deactivated or providing insufficient vacuum pressure, the safety
scavenge valve is spring biased to a closed position, and the second gas
cannot flow through the second intake conduit towards the combined output
conduit. Sufficient vacuum pressure in the scavenge system opposes the
spring bias of the safety scavenge valve and opens it to allow the second
gas to flow through the second intake conduit.

[0037] This fluid control system can be provided independently to a user,
or a manufacturer can incorporate it into a nitrous oxide anesthetic
administration system such as the one disclosed herein.

[0038] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a
method or system for a nitrous oxide anesthetic administration system
which provides convenient access to nitrous oxide for a practitioner and
patient.

[0039] It is a further object of the present invention to have direct
access to the fluid control system and patient during administration of
the nitrous oxide.

[0040] It is also an object of the present invention to provide a clear
line of vision for the medical practitioner and flexibility to
accommodate the patient and practitioner's needs.

[0041] Another object of the present invention is to eliminate the
problems associated with current nitrous oxide delivery and scavenging
systems.

[0042] Furthermore, another object of the present is to provide greater
safety to patients and medical or dental persons during release of
nitrous oxide in a medical or dental office.

[0043] A further object of the present invention is to provide a system
for administering anesthesia/analgesia gas which prevents excessively
high volumes of exhaled nitrous oxide in the operatory environment
through monitoring of the scavenge vacuum pressure

[0044] A further object of the present invention is to provide a flow
meter that allows a user to control flow of two fluids in a system for
administering anesthesia/analgesia gas. The flow meter allows a user to
independently adjust flow of two fluid through the system. The flow meter
displays the flow of each of the fluids in being combined in the system.
The flow meter optionally includes an output selector for connecting the
system to multiple outputs. The flow meter optionally includes a safety
scavenge valve.

[0045] Other objects, features and advantages of the invention shall
become apparent as the description thereof proceeds when considered in
connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] The novel features which are characteristic of the nitrous oxide
anesthetic administration systems and methods are set forth in the
appended claims. However, the nitrous oxide anesthetic administration
systems and methods, together with further embodiments and attendant
advantages, will be best understood by reference to the following
detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings
in which:

[0074] FIG. 28 is a left view thereof, showing a cross-sectional view
through the A-B outlet switch;

[0075] FIG. 29 is a rear view thereof;

[0076] FIG. 30 is a schematic of the fluid control system;

[0077] FIG. 31 is a schematic of the fluid control system with an A-B
outlet switch; and

[0078] FIG. 32 is a schematic of the fluid control system with a safety
scavenge and an A-B outlet switch.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0079] Referring to FIGS. 10-19, a nitrous oxide anesthetic administration
system 10 of the present invention is shown. The present invention is a
nitrous oxide administration system 10 which provides convenient, direct
access by a medical practitioner, a clear line of vision for the medical
practitioner, and flexibility to accommodate the patient and medical
professional's needs.

[0080] It should be understood that this invention is well suited and
preferably used in a dental office environment; however, it may be used
in any environment where delivery of objects to a work area is desired.
The invention will be disclosed herein in connection with a dental office
environment; however, the present invention is not intended to be limited
to that particular use and may be used in any health care setting or any
setting where a nitrous oxide is required. The configuration of the
system components may vary depending on variations in the patient chair,
physical site constraints and on the needs of a particular dental
practice

[0081] Most importantly, the nitrous oxide administration system 10
includes a mounting surface structure 20 and adjustable post mechanism 30
which is mounted directly to a patient chair 500 using a mounting plate
assembly 40. A system for delivering nitrous oxide is attached to the
mounting surface structure 20 or adjustable post mechanism 30 to provide
convenient and direct access to the practitioner for delivering the
nitrous oxide to the patient, which will be further explained herein.

[0082] The nitrous oxide anesthetic administration system may include some
elements of prior art nitrous oxide delivery systems. For example, it may
include a low-vacuum fluid generated by a vacuum source, a nitrous oxide
fluid provided by a nitrous oxide source, and a scavenging mask. In
addition, the nitrous oxide safety system may also include an oxygen
source, mixing valve, flow meter, breathing bag, and tubing or lines.
Note, the nitrous oxide anesthetic administration system of the present
invention may also include elements of the system disclosed in "Nitrous
Oxide Safety System" (Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No.
12/398,783 filed Mar. 5, 2009).

[0083] Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention is a system for
administering nitrous oxide 10 which is preferably attached to a patient
chair 500. The system generally includes: a mounting surface structure
20, a fluid control system 50 attached to the mounting surface structure
20, a nasal delivery interface system 60 connected to a patient and fluid
control system 50, a nitrous oxide and oxygen supply (not shown) fluidly
connected to the fluid control system 50, a vacuum source (not shown) for
scavenging excess gases, a breather bag 70 fluidly connected to the fluid
control system 50 and mounted to the mounting surface structure 20 in a
vertical orientation, a mounting plate assembly 40 (FIG. 17) to interface
with patient or dental chairs from multiple manufacturers, an adjustable
post mechanism 30 attached to the mounting plate assembly 40 and the
mounting surface structure 20, supply gas connectors 80A, 80B (FIG. 18)
and mixed gas output connector 90 attached to the fluid control system
50, and other hardware, software, lines, and tubing that are necessary to
administer nitrous oxide in a health care environment, preferably a
dentist's office.

[0084] The system includes an adjustable post mechanism 30 attached to a
patient or dental chair 500. The adjustable post mechanism 30 may include
a cylindrical post 30A that is both pivotally and height adjustable
within a corresponding sleeve 30B. The post 30A may slidably engage
within the sleeve 30B and may be positioned in a fixed or temporary
position when necessary. The post 30A may be secured into a position by
use of methods known in the art including ratcheting mechanisms or a
tightening collar. The adjustable post mechanism 30 is configured and
arranged for height adjustment and pivotal adjustment to provide
convenience of use to a practitioner.

[0085] The adjustable post mechanism 30 is attached to a mounting plate
assembly 40 which is attached to a lower portion of a patient chair 500.
Referring to FIG. 17, the mounting plate assembly 40 may include a chair
attachment structure 42, a base plate 44, and a vertical extension
structure 46 connecting the chair attachment structure 42 and the base
plate 44. The base plate 44 defines an aperture for receipt of a bottom
end of the adjustable post mechanism 30. The base plate 44 is attached to
the adjustable post mechanism 30 with sufficient strength and can
accommodate a wide range of adjustable post mechanisms 30. The base plate
44 lies along a horizontal axis. The chair attachment structure 42 is
connected or attached to a bottom or lower portion of a patient chair 500
at a proximal end. The chair attachment structure 42, at the distal end,
attaches to an extension structure 46 using methods known in the art. The
extension structure 46 attaches to the chair attachment structure 42 and
the base plate 44. In one embodiment, the extension structure 46 extends
downwardly from the chair attachment structure 42 and is secured, at a
top end, to the chair attachment structure 42 using a bolt or other
fastener. The base plate 44 then attaches to a bottom end of the
extension structure 46. Once the chair attachment structure 42, extension
structure 46, and base plate 44 are secured to one another, they form a
mounting plate assembly 40 for possible adaptation to other chairs made
by various manufacturers. It should be noted that the mounting plate
assembly 40 may interface with a variety of patient chairs 500A-E from
multiple manufacturers as illustrated in FIG. 16.

[0086] The mounting surface structure 20 includes a top surface and a
bottom surface. The bottom surface of the mounting surface structure 20
is attached to a top end of the adjustable post mechanism 30. The
mounting surface structure 20 is positioned along a horizontal axis or
approximately 180 degrees. The mounting surface structure 20 is attached
to the breather bag 70 at a proximal end and a fluid control system 50 at
a distal end closest to a practitioner.

[0087] Referring to FIGS. 14 and 19, a fluid control system 50 for
controlling the flow of nitrous oxide and oxygen is attached to the
mounting surface structure 20. The fluid control system 50 includes a
fluid flow meter 52 mounted on a top surface of the fluid control system
50. A display of the fluid flow meter 52 is positioned along a vertical
axis at less than 90 degrees, preferably between 30 degrees to 45
degrees, relative to the mounting surface structure 20 to provide a
better view to the practitioner. Referring to FIG. 18, the nitrous oxide
and oxygen supply (not shown) is fluidly connected to the fluid control
system 20 using fluid connectors 80A, 80B fixedly attached to the bottom
surface of said mounting surface structure 20. The fluid control system
50 also includes an emergency air intake port.

[0088] Referring to FIGS. 12-13, a nasal delivery interface system 60 is
fluidly connected to the fluid control system 50. The nasal delivery
interface system 60 includes a single scavenging tube 60B and a single
nitrous oxide and oxygen tube 60A fluidly connected to a single nasal
delivery mask 62. The fluid control system 500 including a mixed gas
output connector 90 fluidly connected to the single nitrous oxide and
oxygen tube 60A. A vacuum source (not shown) is fluidly connected to the
single scavenging tube 60B for scavenging excess gases and the fluid
control system 50. Note, the vacuum source may be provided by a variety
of methods known in the art.

[0089] Referring to FIG. 15, the breather bag 70 is vertically mounted to
a top surface of the mounting surface structure 20. The breather bag 70
is positioned along a vertical axis or about 90 degrees depending
upwardly from the mounting surface structure 20. The breather bag 70 is
mounted rearward or behind the fluid control system 50 to allow full view
of fluid flow meter display 52. The breather bag 70 is fluidly connected
to the control system 50 by way of an elongated tubular structure 72
attached to a front surface of the fluid flow meter 52.

[0090] In operation, the present invention provides a system for
administering anesthesia/analgesia gas 10 or any type of gases which
provides convenient and direct access to a medical practitioner. The
practitioner connects the nasal delivery interface system 60 to the
patient and to the fluid control system 50. After the nasal mask 62 is
attached to the patient, the nitrous oxide/oxygen gas, or anesthetic, is
turned on and the gas enters a single tube 60A fluidly connected with the
nasal delivery mask 62. Throughout the administration of the gas, the
system 10 allows the practitioner a direct view and a close proximity to
the upright breathing bag 70, fluid control system 50 including display
52, patient, and all other parts of the nitrous oxide administration
system 10 which makes the administration of the gas much more efficient,
safe, and less time consuming. Also, the mounting of the nitrous oxide
anesthetic administration system 10 to a patient's chair provides greater
stability and convenience to a practitioner.

[0091] In summary, the present invention provides a system for
administering anesthesia/analgesia gas 10 which provides convenient,
direct access by a medical practitioner, a clear line of vision for the
medical practitioner, and flexibility to accommodate the patient and
medical professional's needs. The present invention is a novel
configuration which mounts the control system, monitoring devices, safety
devices and breather bag which mounts directly or indirectly to the
patient chair.

[0092] Some of the benefits of the proposed novel invention are as
follows. The present invention shortens hoses from the fluid control
system to the patient to reduce cost, complexity and weight. The present
invention minimizes control input to nasal delivery interface device
output (latency) by at least 50% by shortening hose length. The present
invention minimizes patient head access limitation and movement
restriction by minimizing hose lengths, stiffness and multiples. The
present invention eliminates dual hoses for each of: 02/N20 and scavenge.
The present invention puts controls within direct, forward reach of
doctor (from normal treatment position) throughout procedure. The preset
invention puts displays and gauges in direct view of doctor and assistant
throughout procedure to enhance practitioner and patient safety. The
present invention provides open passage around patient and patient
support chair by eliminating support cart. The present invention provides
open passage around patient and patient support chair by eliminating
tubing crossing passageways. The present invention eliminates potential
of toppling cart and damaging systems by eliminating tubing crossing
passageways. The present invention eliminates the potential danger caused
by damaging a high pressure gas system. The present invention maximizes
visibility of breather bag by doctor and assistant throughout procedure
by orienting breather bag, or bellows, superior to inlet rather than
current designs which hang breather bags inferior to their inlet. The
present invention reduces patient anxiety prior to their procedure by
reducing the visual impact of the anesthetic apparatus. The present
invention minimizes system size, complexity and cost. The present
invention has system configuration adaptable to all operatory
configurations. The present invention has a system capable of mounting to
most commercially available patient chairs via model specific interface
plates. Most importantly, the present invention mounts directly to the
patient chair to accomplish all of the above.

[0093] Now referring to another embodiment of the present invention as
schematically illustrated in FIG. 20 which includes a fluid control
system 50 having a safety scavenge system 200. The safety scavenge system
200 includes a mass airflow sensor 210, master controller 220 which
includes a CPU or processor, nitrous oxide valve 250, and various alarms
230, 240. The mass airflow sensor 210 reads the scavenging vacuum
pressure which it communicates to the master controller 220. Depending
upon the scavenging vacuum pressure and a set of predetermined ranges,
the master controller 220 can activate an audio alarm 240, visual alarm
230, or shut off the nitrous oxide valve 250. In operation, the present
invention provides a system for administering anesthesia/analgesia gas
which prevents excessively high volumes of exhaled nitrous oxide in the
operatory environment through monitoring of the scavenge vacuum pressure.

[0094] The safety scavenge system 200 more specifically includes the
following components. It should be noted that the safety scavenge system
200 may be available within the fluid control system 50 as an internal
component or as a standalone unit attached between the flow meter nitrous
oxide inlet and nitrous oxide gas source or supply. The mass airflow
sensor 210 for reading scavenging vacuum pressure is fluidly connected to
the scavenging tube 60B before the vacuum source 100. The master
controller 220, including a CPU or processor, in electrical communication
with the mass airflow sensor 210 for receiving the scavenging vacuum
pressure reading from the mass airflow sensor 210 which is compared to a
predetermined range.

[0095] In one embodiment, the predetermined range is related to the
American Dental Association's recommended 45 LPM (liters per minute)
scavenge vacuum when nitrous oxide is in use. Typically, if scavenge
pressure falls below the 45 LPM, it will trigger a light or visual alarm
(less than 45 LPM), audio or audio/visual alarm (less than 25 LPM), or
the nitrous oxide flow will be stopped (less than 15 LPM). Of course,
these predetermined ranges as a triggering point may be adjusted
according to the user's preferences including activating or deactivating
certain responses.

[0096] A visual alarm 230 is in electrical communication with the master
controller 220 which instructs the visual alarm 230 to activate if the
scavenging vacuum pressure is less than a first predetermined range. An
audio alarm 240 or audio/visual alarm is in electrical communication with
the master controller 220 which instructs the audio alarm 240 to activate
if the scavenging vacuum pressure is less than a second predetermined
range. A nitrous oxide valve 250 is fluidly connected to the nitrous
oxide supply and in electrical communication with the master controller
220 which shuts off the nitrous oxide shut-off valve 250 when the
scavenging vacuum pressure is less than a third predetermined range.

[0097] One example of a configuration of the safety scavenge system 200 is
illustrated in FIG. 20. The scavenge hose 60B is connected between the
nasal mask or hood and the inlet port 90B of the fluid control system 50.
A dental vacuum is plugged into the outlet port 80B. A portion of the
flow is diverted through a mass airflow sensor valve 210. The electrical
output of the mass airflow sensor 210 is sent to a processor or master
controller 220 where it is calibrated at LPM flow. In operation, the
processor output will turn on a warning light 230 when the flow falls
below 45 LPM. An alarm 240 sounds when flow falls below 25 LPM. The
nitrous oxide valve is shut off when the flow falls below 15 LPM.

[0098] In addition, the present invention includes the following method
for administering nitrous oxide to a patient. First, a fluid generated by
a vacuum source is provided. Second, nitrous oxide fluid from a nitrous
oxide source is provided. Third, a means for scavenging excess nitrous
oxide is in fluid connection with the nitrous oxide source and the vacuum
source. Fourth, a safety scavenge system is connected to the fluid
connection between the nitrous oxide source and the vacuum source. The
safety scavenge system includes a mass airflow sensor, master controller,
alarm, and nitrous oxide valve. Fifth, the means for scavenging excess
nitrous oxide is connected to the vacuum source and the nitrous oxide
source onto a patient. Sixth, a flow rate flow rate of the vacuum source
is increased to provide fluid into the safety scavenge system. Seventh,
nitrous oxide is released through the safety scavenge system upon the
vacuum source reaching a predetermined range. Eighth, excess nitrous
oxide is retrieved from the means for scavenging excess nitrous oxide
using the vacuum source. Ninth, the vacuum source is decreased below the
third predetermined range which prevents the safety control valve from
releasing nitrous oxide. The safety scavenge system actuated by flow
fluids to control the release of nitrous oxide therethrough.

[0099] The present invention also provides a configuration for fluid
control system 300. Generally, the fluid control system 300 allows a user
to adjust the flow of two fluids (in this application, gases) through the
fluid control system. Oxygen and nitrous oxide at 50 psi are plumbed to
input ports on the back of the flow meter housing of the fluid control
system. The user turns an on/off switch to the "on" position, and adjusts
the flow of the oxygen to allow oxygen to create variable pressure at a
differential pressure regulator. Sufficient pressure of the oxygen in the
differential pressure regulator allows nitrous oxide to flow through the
differential pressure regulator. After the nitrous oxide passes through
the differential pressure regulator, its flow is regulated by a ratio
adjustment valve. The two output conduits (one for oxygen, and one for
nitrous oxide) are combined in a combined outlet conduit. The combined
gas can be then provided to a patient.

[0100] The fluid control system has a flow meter housing 310 that shows
the relative flow of gases such as oxygen and nitrous oxide through the
fluid control system. The fluid control system can also provide automatic
shutoff mechanisms that prevent flow of a second gas (such as nitrous
oxide) when there is insufficient flow of a first gas (such as oxygen),
or when there is insufficient vacuum pressure in the scavenge system. The
exemplary embodiment of the fluid control system 300 is shown in FIGS.
21-32.

[0101] The exemplary embodiment of the fluid control system 300 has a
substantially rectangular housing 310, which has a front face 312 that
supports controls and a display so that a user can observe the operation
of the fluid control system, activate the fluid control system, and
adjust the flow of gases through the fluid control system. The exemplary
embodiment is configured to control the flow of two gases, and to combine
the two gases before the gases exit the fluid control system.

[0102] FIGS. 21-29 show the preferred configuration of the fluid control
system housing 310. The operation of the fluid control system is best
understood with reference to FIGS. 30-32, which show schematics of three
fluid control systems according to the present invention. The schematics
more clearly show how the features of the housing interact.

[0103] The exemplary embodiment of the fluid control system has a first
intake conduit 314 and a second intake conduit 316. The first intake
conduit 314 can be connected to a first gas supply, such as a tank (not
shown). The second intake conduit 316 can be connected to a second gas
supply, such as a tank (not shown).

[0104] The fluid control system 300 can be turned on an off by a shutoff
valve 318 positioned along the first intake conduit 314. A user can move
the shutoff valve 318 between an off position in which the valve does not
permit gas to flow through the first intake conduit 314 beyond the
shutoff valve 318, and an on position in which the valve 318 permits gas
to flow through the shutoff valve. As will become apparent below, when
there is no gas flow through the first intake conduit, there will be no
gas flow through the second intake conduit. In the exemplary embodiment,
the first gas is oxygen, and the second gas is nitrous oxide. Thus, but
stopping the flow of oxygen in the first intake conduit of the flow
meter, the user can stop the flow of nitrous oxide in the second intake
conduit of the fluid control system.

[0105] Preferably, there is an oxygen flow indicator on the fluid control
system. In the exemplary embodiment, there is a light 320 on the front of
the housing that is lit when oxygen is flowing through the first intake
conduit 314. The light is off when oxygen is not flowing through the
first intake conduit.

[0106] After a user has turned the fluid control system 300 on by moving
the shutoff valve 318 to the on position, and oxygen is flowing through
the first intake conduit 314, the user can adjust the flow of oxygen in
the fluid control system beyond the first intake conduit 314. A flow
controlling valve 322 is positioned at a joint where the first intake
conduit 314 is connected to the first output conduit 324. The valve 322
is movable from a closed position to an open position, and various
positions in between, which allow varying amounts of oxygen to flow
through the flow controlling valve. The first output conduit 324 is in
fluid connection with the first intake conduit 314 by way of the flow
controlling valve 322, and is in direct fluid connection with a combined
output conduit.

[0107] The flow of oxygen through the first output conduit 324 can be used
to open a differential pressure regulator 330, which allows nitrous oxide
to flow from the second intake conduit 316 to the second output conduit
326. The differential pressure regulator 330 has a first chamber 332 and
a second chamber 334. The first chamber 332 is fluidly connected to the
first output conduit 324. In the exemplary embodiment, a regulator oxygen
supply conduit 325 connects the first output conduit 324 with the first
chamber 332 of the differential pressure regulator 330. The second
chamber of the differential pressure regulator 330 is fluidly connected
to the second intake conduit 316. A movable wall 336 separates the first
and second chambers, and is spring biased to a closed position in which
nitrous oxide cannot pass from the second chamber into a second output
conduit. FIG. 30 shows the differential pressure regulator in the closed
position. The wall 336 can be moved by increasing the pressure in the
first chamber relative to the pressure in the second chamber. As oxygen
flow is increased, pressure in the first chamber increases, and this
pressure opposes the spring bias of the wall. When oxygen pressure in the
first chamber is sufficiently greater than nitrous oxide pressure in the
second chamber, the differential pressure regulator valve is opened so
the second chamber is fluidly connected to the second output conduit.

[0108] After nitrous oxide has passed through the differential pressure
regulator 330, a ratio controlling valve 340 located along the second
output conduit 326 allows a user to adjust the flow of the nitrous oxide
through the second output conduit.

[0109] Beyond this valve 340, the second output conduit 326 joins the
first output conduit 324 at a first end of a combined flow conduit 350,
in which the oxygen and nitrous oxide are mixed according to the ratio
set by the user.

[0110] The combined flow conduit 350 extends to an output port 360 on the
fluid control system, which can engage a tube for a cannula or another
device.

[0111] A display unit on the housing of the flow meter has flow meter bars
370A, 370B that show the flow of the oxygen and the nitrous oxide through
the first and second output conduits, respectively. This allows a user to
more precisely control the ratio of oxygen and nitrous oxide being
provided to a patient.

[0112] The fluid control system allows a user to flush the output port 360
with oxygen by way of a flush valve 362. The flush valve is moveable
between an open position and a closed position. The flush valve 362 is in
the closed position during normal operation, such as when the flow meter
is being used to mix oxygen and nitrous oxide. When it is desirable to
flush the output port with oxygen, the user moves the flush valve to the
open position, thereby providing a direct connection between the first
intake conduit and the combined output conduit, allowing the oxygen to
bypass the first output conduit and differential pressure regulator 330.

[0113] The embodiment of FIG. 31 includes an A-B selector valve 364, which
allows the user to selectively connect the combined output conduit with a
first (A) port 360A and a second (B) port 360B on the fluid control
system housing 310. While this embodiment has two output ports,
additional ports may be provided.

[0114] The embodiment of FIG. 32 further includes a safety scavenge valve
380 on the second input conduit. The safety scavenge valve has a spring
that causes it to be spring biased to a closed position. A valve chamber
382 is fluidly connected to the scavenge system. When there is sufficient
vacuum pressure in the scavenge system, the vacuum pressure in the valve
chamber overcomes the spring bias to open the safety scavenge valve,
thereby allowing nitrous oxide to flow through the second intake conduit
316.

[0115] While the above description relates to mixing oxygen and nitrous
oxide, it is possible to use the flow meter to combine other gases or
other fluids.

[0116] Therefore, while there is shown and described herein certain
specific structure embodying the invention, it will be manifest to those
skilled in the art that various modifications and rearrangements of the
parts may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
underlying inventive concept and that the same is not limited to the
particular forms herein shown and described except insofar as indicated
by the scope of the appended claims.