IfiSi'B'ijfiliEKl *i!r;::.- ■.■n:i" •••'" ' :"".';-•..*,;:;;:;•'.
m MEDICAL REPOSITORY.
since the proximity of cause will, most probably, correspond"
with its mortality.
To proceed, ist. William Cummings, two days after having
taken.his lodgings in East George-street, was attacked on the ist
of 9th mouth (September), with chills, head-ach, and the other
common symptoms of fever, which increased in the night with
delirium, &c. The next day many circumstances giving occasion
to suspect his complaints to be of a dangerous nature, he was car-
ried to the Lazaretto, on Bedlow's island, where, in a few days, I
have understood, he died.
2d. Margaret Wiggins, in the same street, was taken on the
14th of the jame month. On the fifth day of her disease, accord-
ing to the account of the person with whom she lived, she puked
a black» offensive, ropy matter. Two days afterwards, on the
morning of the 22d, she died very yellow, and with black effu-
sions about her breast.
3d. -----Brown was taken the next day, the 15th, and died also
on the morning of the 22d. He had vomited, during his disease,
much blackish bloody matter, and was very yellow.
4th. -----Price, after having passed a part of the evening of
the 16th of 9th month (September), in East George-street, was
taken in his return home at midnight, with dizziness and lassitude,
succeeded by a chill, followed by a hot fever, &c. He died on the
19th, very yellow; he had, during his disease, puked a black matter.
5th. William Templeton sickened on the 16th, with chills, &c.
and died in the afternoon of the 22d, very yellow.
6th. John Busson was taken on the same day with Templeton.
During his disease he puked much: the nature of the discharge I
could not learn. He died on the 23d, with yellow skin, and black-
ness about his neck and breast
7th. A lad, by the name of Parcells, died in Cedar-street. His
mother lived in Henry-street, two doors from the corner of East
George-street, where he used frequently to pass his evenings, and
sometimes to stay the whole night. He became sick on the 19th,
of the complaint of which he died on the 23d. According to the
account of his physician, his must have been a decided case of
Yellow Fever He had the black vomiting and yellow skin.
8th. Seth Fairchild was taken on the 27th of 9th month (Sep-
tember), and died ont he 2d of 10th month (October), with black
vomiting and yellow skin.
9th. George Ross was taken sick the nth of 10th month fOc-
tober), and died on the 20th. He had puked a blackish matter.
His skin was v§M*w.
10th.-----Hulshart was taken en the i?.th, and died on the 17th
of 10th month (October). He was yellow, and had puked, during
his illness, a greenish brown matter, and purged clear blood.
MEDICAL REPOSITORY;
J2t
AH the above cases appear to have originated in East George-
street ; and all, excepting Price and Parcells, resided within the
small compass of seventeen houses, in the lower part of the street.
nth. On the 13th of 9th month (September), John Holmes,
after having been a little complaining for a week, according to
the relation of his landlady, was taken with a chill, succeeded
by a hot fever, violent head-ach, red eyes, &c. On the 19th he
was sent to the New-York Hospital, where he died on the 23d,
with a yellow skin, after having puked up a dark brown feculent
looking matter. He had taken lodgings in Chesnut-street three
days previous to his indisposition.
12th. -----Havens, who lay on board a vessel at Lynch and
Stoughton's wharf, from the time of her arrival, the 25th of 8th
month (August), was taken unwell the 14th of 9th month (Sep-
tember), more unwell the next day, still more the day after, but
not to such a degree but that he walked up to Roosevelt-street,
where he took lodgings. He was confined the next day; on the
18th he was very yellow, and vomited, in great quantities, a black
matter, mixed with coagulated blood, almost incessantly. He dis-
charged the same by stool, and died in the night of the 19th.
13th. On the 17th, Samuel Suydam, who resided near the Ex-
change, in Water-street, but who passed the greatest part of his
time, during the day, in his store, a little to the east of Lynch and
Stoughton's wharf, in Front-street, was taken down with his com-
plaint, which terminated fatally, on the morning of the 23d. His
physician informs me, that his disease appeared to him to be a Yel-
low Fever of the most malignant type. He had the black vomit-
ing, to a great degree, and his skin was very yellow.
14th. -----Kelly (.1 of plate II.) was taken on the 7th of 9th
month(Sept.), with fever, attended with a particular determination
to his head, hot skin, and great derangement of his mind. His
complaints being suspected of a malignant nature, he was conveyed
to the Lazaretto on the 13th; where, a few days afterwards, he died.
i 5th. Daniel Wiggins, who lived in the lower house on the
west side of the Fly-market, (.2) his physician tells me, was, on
the 20th of 9th month (September), attacked with a fever, which
assumed a most malignant appearance, attended with black vomit-
ings and a yellow skin. He died on the 28th.
16th. John Van Deventer, (.3) as the family informs me, was
taken on the 20th of 9th month (September), and died on the
29th, with a yellow skin.
17th. Samuel Hitchcock, at the corner of the Market and Front-
stiyct, (.4) sickened on the 23d, aod died on the 29th, in Fletcher-
street, where he had been conveyed after he became unwell. His
attendant, in her simple narrative of his case, says, he puked matter
just iil e the grounds of coffee, but.he was not yellow.
lit MEDICAL REPOSITORY.
18th. James Hamilton belonged to the schooner Ellice, which
arrived on the 16th of 9th month (September), after eight days
passage from Richmond, in Virginia. He was employed in assist-
ing to unload her, at the easterly side of Murray's wharf (.5).
He was taken sick on the 27th, and then took lodgings at the
Crane wharf; where he died in the morning of the 30th, with
pukings of a greenish matter, and with a yellow skin.
19th. T. Comstock. resided in Front-street, between the Market
and Depeyster-street (.6): he was taken on the 28th of 9th month
(Sept.), and was afterwards carried to the New-York Hospital;
■where he died on the 3d of the next month, with a yellow skin.
20th. J. Rogers (.7) was taken in the night of the 20th of 9th
month (September), with chills and sickness at stomach, followed
by a hot fit, which was succeeded by a sweating. In the morn-
ing he was so well as to be about house. His complaints returned
towards evening, without a preceding chilliness, and continued,
with little or no abatement, till his death. He did not have much
ticknessat stomach, nor great pain in his head. The tunicae con-
junctivae of his eyes appeared bloated, with a reddish yellow fluid:
his skin was yellow; his pulse most of the time soft, and not fre-
quent; and he was much harrassed with a very painful hickuping,
with short intermissions, for about twelve hours before his deaths
which occurred on the morning of the 26th.
21 st. Abel Beers attended a store in Water-street (.8). He was
taken with chills, pains in his head, oVc. on the 10th of 10th
month (October), and died on the r6th. During his fever, which
regularly remitted every morning, he was much deranged in his
mind; his bowels were constipated, and stools, procured by art,
dark; his eyes and skin became yellowish on the fourth day; he
puked a brownish matter several times on each of the two last days
of his illness, and vomited a great quantity of blood just before
llis death. After death, the skin was observed to be universally
yellow, except that there were purple effusions about the neck,
hrenst, and on the lower extremities.
22d. Elias Mowatt, in William-street, died on the same day, of
a fever with which he was attacked on the 12th. During his com-
plaint, he had, several times, puked a black matter: he had some
yellowness about his neck.
From the foregoing list, which comprehends all the deaths from
this fever, which have occurred in this city this year,* up to the
present date, as far as I can learn, it appears that nearly one half
* Since writing the above, one other death, and only ore, has ccme to my
knowledge, and the prefent fteady coldnefs of the weather and hardnefs of
the froft, feems intirely to have checked the difeafe; it is not probable 2
fiaglc cafe of it exifts in the city at this time.
MEDICAL REPOSITORY.
313
of them originated in a small part of East George-street; and the
greater part of the remainder near about, and just below the Fly-,
market. We are, therefore, naturally led to examine the situation
of these afflicted spots, to ascertain the cause of its particular pre-
valence there. And, indeed, the southerly part of East George-
street, where the complaint prevailed, (if we can suppose filth and
putrefaction of any kind to produce it,) seemed well prepared for
the purpose. The street itseif, unpaved, was so rutted and broken
up, in particular parts, as effectually to prevent it from being kept,
dry. Frequently, for some time alter wet weather, it was almost
impossible for footmen to pass through it, without miring half shoe
deep; and, at the best of times, one fourth of this particular part
of it was a filthy mud-puddle. Besides this, most of the houses are
occupied by several families; all of whom have the yard in com-
mon; and really, upon inspection of these places, all of which
are lower than the street, one's mind is struck with an idea, that the
several joint-tenants are not only determined not to clear away the
other's dirt, but also that each one exerted himself to. put, at Jeast^
his share into the noisome collection; because be had as good a right
to make dirt as his neighbours. Hence these sunken spots became
a dreadful mass of garbage and offal matters of every kind. This,
however, was not the case with all: One house, the cellar of which
contained fourteen persons, men, women, and children, black
and white, all huddled together, having no yard at all. But here
there was no loss in the end; for what of every refuse and excre-
mentitious matter the yard would otherwise have gained, was here
thrown into the open street; the common place for all kinds of
putrefiable substances. But, beside this, at the upper part of this af-
fected portion of the street, between four and five rods up Lumber-
street, is a declivity that appears to crave every kind of rubbish that
comes near it; nothing seems to be too gross for it; even the night-
man's filthy load, as I have observed, here finds a free reception.
The cause of the prevalence of this disease near the Market,
appeared very evident upon examining the spot. The south-
eastern end of Pine-street, (S on plate II.) lies considerably lower
than the dock which is continued from it; so that it there keeps a
constant puddle of stagnant filthy water and mud. But this is a.
mere trifle in comparison to its pestilential neighbours. The .slips
(S S) on each side of this central spot, have been left, during the
summer, to be fortuitously filled up by the free contributions of
the neighbourhood. Hence they became the common receptacles
of rubbish and filth of every description. I have seen in them
the guts and trimmings of fish, shavings, the clearing of shops,
mud, that appeared to have been the cleaning of sinks, cabbage
leaves, potatoe peelings, &c. &c. and further, to render this noi-
some collection the more complete, the necessary night-man did
324 MEDICAL REPOSITORY.
not fail to do his part: more than once have I observed their ful-
some loads exposed in these places, and that even above the ordi-
nary mark of high water. But beside all this, the spaces on the
annexed plate, marked S with crosses, particularly that to the north-
eastward of the dock, has, from its being open and so contiguous
to the Market, become the common convenience to a multitude of j
people; arid indeed so effectually have they bespattered the ground
with their excrementitious depositions, that it requires a good
degree of circumspection in walking there, to tread clear ot the
filth.
Havens and Suydam appear to have taken their complaints in
an atmosphere contaminated by the emanations from the exposed
flat at the inlet by Lynch and Stoughton's wharf. This inlet, in-
cluding the spaces under the adjoining buildings on each side,
which are set upon piles, exposes a surface of mud and every kind
of filth that is constantly gathering in such places, of at least one
hundred square yards at low water: and, as though it was feared
that the parts under the stores should not receive their share of
what is so freely thrown into such reservoirs, several of the boards
of the platform before the door are left loose, so as to be taken
up at pleasure: and, indeed, the pile that is heaped up under the
opening shews that it has well answered its purpose. Still more
completely to involve this dock in the most offensive effluvia, at
the end of it is affixed a conveniency, erected, it is true, over the
w.uer; yet, with seeming care, such obstructions are introduced
under it as to support great piles of matters, not less offensive to
the smell, than disgusting to the eye. Havens attended and slept
in a vessel that lay at this very wharf; while Suydam attended his
store about eighteen yards from it, and in a direction for the regu-
lar southerly wind to blow the whole power of this loaded atmos-
phere upon him.
Rogers lived in a part free from the circumstances attending the
residence of the afore-mentioned persons. Might he not have
picked up his complaint at the Market?
Beers (.8) spent the day in a store between Beekman and Burling
slips, which is remarkable for backing upon an inlet in the lorm of
a T, that opens into Front-street. Ti.is place is unpaved, and, Too
much like many of the Philadelphia alleys, is bounded by the backs
and gable ends of houses, and by yard*;, without a single house
lronting it. It contains upwards of 200 square yards; one third
«l whicn, at the most moderate calculation, is constantly covered
with mucky filth of one sort or other. It may be thought strange
licit this pUce should furnish us with but one death. This may
have been owing to two causes. In the first place, to its being
surrounded, in great degree, by stores that are only inhabited dur-
ing the day; and secondly, to most, of the inhabitants near it being
MEDICAL REPOSITORY. 3*-
old residents. However, two other persons, to my knowledge,
have here suffered with the complaint, both of whom recovered.
One, Moses Judah (02), occupied and slept in the same store that
Beers attended: and the other,-George Burchell (oi), resided in a
house at the corner of this place and Front-street. They both
had removed to this place this year, and Abel Beers (Judah's ap-
prentice) had never spent a summer in New-York before.
Holmes, who died at the Hospital, took his complaint in Ches-
nut-street, the next door to the corner of Bancker-street. This
same spot, at the junction of these two streets, is unpaved and
sunken, and seems not only to solicit the accumulation of every-
thing worthless or unclean, but also to forbid the idea of any at-.
tempt to clean it out, lest it would make the pond the deeper. • In-
deed, so remarkable was this spot, as to make me* as early as the
7thn the 17th; from which time the disease became more and more
general about the neighbourhood of the dock that was filling up,
ias stated in the letter just referred to.
The first person who died this year about the disemboguement
of Roosevelt-street drain, if I am informed rightly, was James
Callender(.i on plate I.). He was a labouring man, who was
employed somewhere towards the lower end of the town; and
perhaps he was affected with the complaint from being about the
Exchange; and transported, by his disease, the seeds of infection
to that fertile neighbourhood in which he lived.
In 1797, the first person that was taken sick in East George-
street, was W. Cummings: he arrived the 13th of 8th month (Au-
gust), in the sloop Polly, from George-town, South-Carolina. One
hand died on the passage, and Cummings was slightly indisposed
at the time of his arrival, with what he supposed an ague and fever, t
but was not taken seriously unwell till two nights after he had
lodged in this street. It may be, that a partial principle of death
lurked in his system, during the whoie time after the death of his
5*$
MEDICAL REPOSITORY.
comrade, and most likely, never would have seriously acted upon
him, had he not immersed himself in this or some such like fury-
fostering miasmata. From him the disease seems to have spread.
Two of his next door neighbours fell under its power, and it ex-
tended itself, as above related, through all the most offensive part
of this street.
-----Keliy, of the brig Bellona, (which arrived the 3d of 9th
month (September), from Savannah, with all her hands and passen-
gers in good health) unfortunately pitched himself within the noxi-
ous effluvia of the Fly-market 5 and, still more certainly to fix his late,
lodged in a room, two of the windows of which opened towards
the places where the putrid collections were gathered, and from
whence the southerly winds must have brought their vapours im-
mediately upon him. He is the first that appears to have had the
disease in that neighbourhood; and perhaps the effluvia arising
from his body, united with the putrid vapours emitted from the
Collections before noticed, spread the complaint around this little
vicinity.
Another of the hands from the same vessel, took up his quar-
ters at Chesnut-street; where he met with the necessary ingredi-
ents to bring his latent poison into life. He was afterwards taken
to the New-York Hospital, where he died. It may seem some-
what strange, that the cause of disease that must have been kin*
died up at this spot did not affect any of his neighbours; probably,
from circumstances already mentioned, they were proof against its
operations.
The systems of the two persons who lived at or near Lynch and
Stoughton's wharf, being richly loaded with the emissions from
that offensive spot, might possibly have catched a spark of excite-
ment in passing near the Market,
George Burchell may have taken his disease, after having been
immersed in the effluvia from the inlet between Burling and Beek-
maii slips, from the hands of the same vessel, as they frequented
his.shop immediately after their arrival. . He probably set the whole
materials in action, whence Beers and Judah were afterwards af-
fefted.
The other persons mentioned in the list of deaths, may have
received the cause of their complaints at one or other of the afore-
mentioned sources.
These circumstances render it probable that the cause of Yellow
Fever, in the particular parts of our city, has, of late, been set in
action by an enlivening spark from abroad. However, I do not
consider it as decidedly determined. It is possible thatCummings,
having suddenly changed from a purer air, with hisalreadv infirm
body, to this hot-bed of putrefaction, may, from those predispo-
sitions, have had the disease created in him, before it had ripened
MEDICAL REPOSITORY.
329
5n the bodies of his neighbours; and he thence may have intro-
duced the principles ot his complaint to the surrounding air.
Just arrived from sea, and of a profligate habit, Kelly might
thence have been a person, more than any other about the mar-
ket, prepared for the deleterious operation of the putrid vapours
in which they were enveloped; and thereby have been first affected
by surrounding causes of fever; and, in turn, may have imparted
a principle to the air, that usuriously repaid it for its fatal effects
upon him.
And although James Callend^r worked towards the lower end
of the town, there is no proof of his having brought his com-
plaint, or even of his having been at Whitehall. Nor, indeed,
is it certain that the Patty imparted any principle of disease to the
poisonous vapours of that neighbourhood*
The Caroline, it is true, lay at Dover-street wharf for some
days before the people thereabout became sick; and although such
a number becoming suddenly sick, at the same time, and so soon
after her arrival, render her very justly suspected, still it is pos-
sible, that, from the particular and similar predisposition of most
of them, only one having been an old resident, and, all excepting
three, having lately come from the same place, and having been
alike accustomed to the same habits of ditt, exercise, &c. they may
have had the complaint generated and arrived to maturity in them
all at the same time. From which beginning, the disease might
have been communicated to the whole of that peculiarly filthy
part of our city, in 1795, without the necessity of believing that
the Caroline brought any deleterious principle from Hispaniola.
Although the circumstance of some of these people having lain at
that place a much longer time than the others, and others again
'having continued there during the whole summer, shew, beyond
a doubt, that some cause of the complaint must have began to ope-
rate after the 20th of the month) still this does not necessarily de-
volve upon the Caroline: perhaps some particular change in the
air,* or some other peculiarity might have occurred, just at that
time, to have given the putrid miasm its rankest perfection.
Whether the complaint is ever generated by putrefaction alone
or not, still I am rather inclined to believe, that, generally, in
our city, it has been set in action by an assisting cause from
abroad. For, did simple putrefaction of it-elf give rise to this
complaint among us, we should exptct to find more or less of it,
in that row of tenements called Moore's buildings, in the years of
1796 and 1797. For although those buildings are set upon'high
* It mi;ft, however, be acknowledged, that no particular charge was evi-
dent in the temperature of the air. (See the Meteorological Otitrvations in
my account of the lipidcmic «f 1795).
33* MEDICAL REPOSITORY.
ground, still they are upon a perfect level, and are the most crowd-
ed with, perhaps, the most dirty set of residents of any in the city;
and these chiefly newly arrived Irish people. Still I cannot learn
that a single case of Yellow Fever has been there for these two
years past. And, I can hardly believe, that if a person with that
complaint had been introduced among them about six weeks ago,
but that he would have spread mortality around him.
In East George-street also, during the last year, we should have
expected to find, at least, a few cases of the complaint; yet I
cannot, notwithstanding the most diligent inquiry, find a single
instance. Had a single instance occurred, probably it would have
caused a general prevalence there.*
In addition to this, it may be observed, that the singular filthi*
ness that has existed in different parts of our city, and particularly
about some of the slips, towards the lower part of the town, for
several years before 1791, was not attended with any material in»
jury to the health of those in its vicinity; at least, we have no ac»
count of the Yellow Fever's spreading around them.
In the years 179a and 1793, the mud machine was employed
in clearing out the docks, the same as in the preceding and the
succeeding year*. But we heard of no Yellow Fever being the
consequence.
But that the simple emanations from a person under the Yellow
Fever, without the joint action of putrid miasmata, ivili not produce
a like disease in another person is very clear, not only from the
many facts heretofore adduced in the accounts of that disease, as it
appeared in 1795, (see Webster's Collection of Papers) but also
from the confirming occurrences that have happened this year.
The person supposed to have enkindled the disease in East George-
street, as well as the one at the Market, were both conveyed to,
and died at Bedlow's Island; yet none of the boatmen that took
them there, nor any of the attendants, nurses, or those confined
in the Lazaretto with other complaints, suffered any indisposition
from them. A person, as I am informed, who took his complaint
* I am aware of an objcfiion that may be made to this idea, in account-
ing for the healthinefs of this ftreet it 1796; firft, that the preceding year's
depopulation, and the dreadful character that the ftreet fuftained thereby,
probably prevented it from being fo crowded as before and fince; and, fecond-
ly, that the ftreet having been filled up during that fummer might prevent fo
great an accumulation of filth. In anfwer to this it may be remarked, that
notwithftanding the character of the ftreet, it had not been obfervably more
thinly inhabited; and although the ftreet was filled up that year, yet that
was done in the fore part of the fummer, and fome time before the fickly
feafon, and that the yards were equally unfavourably fituated as before or
fince; and that although the filling up of the ftreet might have had its ufe,
ftill we can hardly believe fuch a partial bufinefs would have produced fuch
an intire exemption from this difcafe, had filthinefs been its fwle caufe.
MEDICAL REPOSITORY.
331
at Philadelphia, was also carried to the Island, and was there at-
tended by his friends, who had come directly from the fresh free
air of the country, and with as little inconvenience. Two of the
patients afore-mentioned died at the New-York Hospital, one
from the market, and the other from Chesnut-street; yet they com-
municated the disease to no one there. Parsells, who died in
Cedar-street, infected no one in that neighbourhood. Nor did
Suydam spread any disease around the Exchange where he died;
and Havens' complaint terminated with his existence, in the upper
part of Roosevelt-street.
To the foregoing circumstances may be added, that about the
same time that Kelly and Holmes (the'former of whom is sup-
posed to have introduced the disease about the market) arrived
from Savannah, there also were several other arrivals from the
same place, none of whose hands, or passengers, as far as I can
learn, suffered with a like disease;* probably from their having
taken more eligible lodgings.
The simple result of the foregoing facts and observations ap-
pears to be,
I. That the general cause of the Yellow Fever, as it has appeared
in this city, is what chemists call a tertium quid, neither one thing
nor the other, but a result of the junction of certain matters emit-
ed from a human body, labouring under such a disease, with the
effluvia arising from animal and vegetable substances in a state of
putrefaction.
II. That putrid effluvia may possibly, of themselves, generate
the disease in persons highly predisposed, and from whom, by
their assistance, the fatal epidemic may be spread through a neigh-
bourhood,
III. That most probably, the spark that has kindled up the pu-
trid vapours, in certain parts of our city, into action, was originally
introduced from other places. And,
IV. As I have uniformly believed, and repeatedly expressed,
" that no Yellow Fever can spread, but by tlie influence of putrid
** effluvia" (Account of the Epidemic Yellow Fever of 1795.)
Hence then, the grand, the much agitated " question of im-
*' portation or non-importation, as it respects the health of a place,"
to use the words of Dr. Smith, " sinks into its merited insignifi-
* This, perhaps, by fome, may be thought inaccurate, as one of the hand*
of the Shepherdefs died foon after her arrival here, and, as was currently
reported, of the Yellow Fever; but, from inquiry, I do not find that his
indifpofition exhibited any marks of that difeafe. He did not vomit at all,
at leaft after he was on fhore; nor was he in any wife yellow; he being,
when dead, according to the exprefiions of his wife, " as fair a corpfc as
any in the world."
33* MEDICAL REPOSITORY.
" cance; the efficient cause, the causa sine qua non, being clearly dis-
" cerned as depending on local circumstances." (Letters to Buel.)
To depend, therefore, for our safety from Yellow Fever, upon
the rigours of our port laws, or the vigilance of our Health Offi-
cers, while these pools of putrefaction are suffered to remain, is like
building a citv with cedar and pine, and confiding in the watch to
secure us from fire. But if these pregnant sources of destrudtion
are dried up, we may, like those who case the wooden work of
their brick-built, tile-roofed houses, with iron, rest at ease in our
habitations, equally secure against the deceitful captain's intru-
sions, or the incautious sailor's blundering into our ports, in the
one case, as, in the other, we should be of the vile incendiary's
match or the careless neighbour's spark. As the latter would die
in their own combustion, so the former would end in the fate of
the single sufferers.
To rest our security from the Yellow Fever (should it finally
appear that it is always imported) solely upon the slight precaution
of making such vessels, from the West-Indies and Southern States,
as may have, or may have had persons with that complaint on
board them, do ten days or two weeks quarantine, must certainly
be a very venturesome business. The Patty had not had any of
her crew sick with a malignant fever. The people of the Bellona
were in good health from their leaving Savannah, till some days
after they were in this city. And the Polly might have done the
usual quarantine, without any security to us, as Cummings was
not seized with his disease till seventeen days after his arrival.
Nothing less than completely prohibiting all commercial inter-
course from the Southern States and the West-Indies, during the
summer and first fall months, or (what would, in the end, amount
to the same thing) making every vessel from thence do full qua-
rantine, and have their cargoes unloaded and properly unpacked
and ventilated, before they are permitted to come into our city,
can ensure us against the introduction of a cause of the Yellow
Fever: however, these severe restrictions may be superceded by
merely having ourselves properly prepared. It we only keep
decently cleanly, it will be perfectly indifferent to us, whether a
Carolinaman or a West-Indian should die with Yellow Fever in
our city or in our harbour, since, then, we should'be guarded
against any ill effects from them.
Ntvj-York, loth Monthy 1797.
Flate. I.
riau. ir
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