Crime is considered as a violation of established enacted legislations, laws, rules or regulations in any society. Though it is a socio-legal, economic and political concept yet it has become a global concerns now a days with the emergence of cyber revolution. In the modern globalized world, information technology has transformed the bipolar world into the highly polarized world by doing away with the artificial barriers in the communication. In the wake of the new Millennium, the contentious issue which is thrown wide upon for discussions is to carve out a global legislation which could combat with the problem of the cyber crime. At one point in time, we were of conviction that that diluting the transnational boundaries has facilitated effective and efficient communication. Cyber crime which is perpetuated through electronic gadgets has done away with this cardinal principle of criminal jurisprudence. Time since immemorial, the criminologists believe that there is temporal and spatial limits in the commission of the offense. This traditional principle of the criminology was undermined through the white collar cyber criminals. These crimes are transnational in nature which defies the geographical boundaries. In the light of such a grave situation, it is imperative that the international community should join hands to frame an international Convention to put a uniform law into practice to combat it. Although it is herculean task to define cyber crime due to its all pervasive nature yet there are lots of attempts to define it in a precise manner. The implications and manifestations of the crime are so wide that it is very difficult to frame an exhaustive definition which would contain all the details of this offense.

Cyber Crime: Concept and Scope The Canadian Law Enforcement Agencies define Cyber Crime as “criminal offense involving a computer as the object of the crime or the tool use to commit a material component of the offense. The OECD Recommendations of 1986 included a working definition as a basis for the study: “Computer-related crime is considered as any illegal, unethical or unauthorized behaviour relating to the automatic processing and the transmission of data.” Computer is being used an arsenal by the terrorists to implement draconian objectives into action. These deadly plans are part and parcel of the Complex Terrorism. This gadget automated way of committing atrocious acts has been a cause of concern. The very foundation of the United States of America was shaken when the Pentagon was rattled like house of cards on the Red Letter day of September 11, 2001. The Cyber Terrorism is such a multifaceted, multidimensional concept that is very difficult to define it. In fact, there is no unanimous definition of this lethal word. Cohen and Felson way back in 1979 focused on the fact that three factors should be present for commit to occur. These factors are motivated offenders, suitable targets and absence of proper technique to trace the culprit. There are few factors which motivated the criminals. The maintenance of anonymity and the evidence would be destroyed easily are among the first and foremost. The first publicized international security incident was identified in 1986. An attempt was made to access the network in order to access the computer with the malicious intention to copy the files from them. In 1988 the worm virus for the first time jeopardized the entire Security System of the United States. A glaring testimony of the cross border unauthorized disruption is the "I Love You" worm that originated in a computer in the Philippines and inflicted pecuniary damage to eleven billion dollars. It is an instance where we find that this...

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Adv. Prashant Mali, B.Sc. (Physics), M.Sc.( Comp. Science), LLB
Cyber Law & Cyber Security Expert. Email: prashant.mali@cyberlawconsulting.com
Types of CyberCrimes & Cyber Law in India
(Part-I)
What is a cybercrime?
Cybercrime is a generic term that refers to all criminal activities done using the medium of computers, the Internet, cyber space and the worldwide web. There isn’t really a fixed definition for cybercrime. The Indian Law has not given any definition to the term ‘cybercrime’. In fact, the Indian Penal Code does not use the term ‘cybercrime’ at any point even after its amendment by the Information Technology (amendment) Act 2008, the Indian Cyber law. But “Cyber Security” is defined under Section (2) (b) means protecting information, equipment, devices computer, computer resource, communication device and information stored therein from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction. programmer. In recent years though, with easier access to multiple systems, it now has negative implications.) Law & Punishment: Under Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008, Section 43(a) read with section 66 is applicable and Section 379 & 406 of Indian Penal...

...CYBERCRIME
INTRODUCTION
The rapid growth of the internet and computer technology over the past few years has led to the growth in new forms of crime-dubbed cybercrime- throughout the world. Based on statistics on the various forms of cybercrime and other evidence which form of cybercrime pose the most serious threat to individuals and business? What concrete steps should government take to protect individuals’ n companies from cybercriminal? What can individual and business do to protect themselves against cybercrime?
Crimes refer to any violation of law or the commission of an act forbidden by law.
Definition: cybercrime can be defined as crimes committed on the internet using the computer as either a tool or a targeted victim
According to Wikipedia. Cybercrime also known as computer crime that refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network
Additionally, cybercrime also includes traditional crimes conducted through the Internet. For example; hate crimes, marketing and Internet fraud, identity theft, and credit card account thefts and social harassment are considered to be cybercrimes when the illegal activities are committed through the use of a computer and the Internet.
HISTORY
The first recorded cybercrime took place in the year 1820! In 1820, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacturer in France, produced the loom. This...

...CyberCrime and Security
Cybercrime or electronic crime generally refers to criminal activity where a computer or network is the source, tool, target, or place of a crime. These categories are not exclusive and many activities can be characterized as falling in one or more category. Additionally, although the terms computer crime and cybercrime are more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the computer or network is a necessary part of the crime, these terms are also sometimes used to include traditional crimes, such as fraud, theft, blackmail, forgery, and embezzlement, in which computers or networks are used to facilitate the illicit activity. So basically it is a criminal activity committed on the internet. This is a broad term that describes everything from electronic cracking to denial of service attacks that cause electronic commerce sites to lose money. (Babu, Parishat,2004)
• Computer as a tool
When the individual is the main target of Cybercrime, the computer can be considered as the tool rather than the target. These crimes generally involve less technical expertise as the damage done manifests itself in the real world. Human weaknesses are generally exploited. The damage dealt is largely psychological and intangible, making legal action against the variants more difficult. These are the crimes which have existed...

...Businesses are becoming more and more reliant on the Internet in modern society and it is important to study the crimes that are committed electronically. There are criminals on the Internet just as there are criminals on the street, the Internet has several common crimes that businesses need to understand. Users on the Internet have rights and violating these rights are the same as violating rights in person. The Internet has laws. That means that people need to be aware of cyber laws and illegal cyber activity. Torts made on the Internet are referred to as cyber torts. Torts are simply violated someone.
To start, there are several instances where a person is violated on the Internet. The primary example of being violated in cyber space is defamation. Defamation is essentially any type of slander against someone on the Internet. Whether it is through a blog post, video post, chat room, or message board, attempting to harm someone’s reputation is against the law. The person committing the crime of defamation can be sued for libel. It is wrong to try and ruin someone’s reputation and businesses need to realize that even if they are just joking around, saying derogatory things about someone is against the law. However, the Internet Service Provider cannot be held accountable for someone committing defamation. The Internet is a place of freedom but abusing that...

...Cyber -Crimes
INTRODUCTION
Computer crimes are considered to be an illegal criminal activity that uses technology to retrieve unauthorized data and information from a computer system (Buzzle, 2010, p. 1). There are various types of computer crimes. Viruses and worms are used by hackers to penetrate computer programs with the intention of doing harm that, in some cases, result in the demise of the computer itself. However, not all computer crimes include physical property damage. These types of crimes include; “altering data, deleting information, and manipulating classified information” (Buzzle, 2010, p. 1).
HISTORY
Prior to the evolution of the computer and Internet, law enforcement officers faced challenges
such as “prohibition, drug trafficking, organized crime and violent crimes” (Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI], 1996, p. 1). Today, law enforcement officers have to contend with the rapid growth in computer-related crimes in conjunction with the existing challenges of street crimes.
The process of “detecting, prosecuting and the prevention” (FBI, 1996, p. 1) of computer crimes have proven to be a losing battle with law enforcement. Some researchers suggest it resulted because of the “lack of education in public law enforcement relating to computer technology crimes” (FBI, 1996, p....

...Computer crime
Computer crime, or cybercrime, refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network, where the computers may or may not have played an instrumental part in the commission of a crime.[1] Netcrime refers, more precisely, to criminal exploitation of the Internet.[2] Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, particularly those surrounding hacking, copyright infringement, child pornography, and child grooming. There are also problems of privacy when confidential information is lost or intercepted, lawfully or otherwise.
On the global level, both governments and non-state actors continue to grow in importance, with the ability to engage in such activities as espionage, financial theft, and other cross-border crimes sometimes referred to as cyber warfare. The international legal system is attempting to hold actors accountable for their actions, with the International Criminal Court among the few addressing this threat.[3]
Contents[hide] * 1 Topology * 1.1 Spam * 1.2 Fraud * 1.3 Obscene or offensive content * 1.4 Harassment * 1.5 Drug trafficking * 1.6 Cyberterrorism * 1.7 Cyber warfare * 2 Documented cases * 3 See also * 4 References * 5 Further reading * 6 External links * 6.1 Government resources |
[edit] Topology
Computer crime encompasses a broad...

...CYBER LAW
INTRODUCTION:
Cyberlaw is a new phenomenon having emerged much after the onset of Internet. Internet grew in a completely unplanned and unregulated manner. Even the inventors of Internet could not have really anticipated the scope and far reaching consequences of cyberspace. The growth rate of cyberspace has been enormous. Internet is growing rapidly and with the population of Internet doubling roughly every 100 days, Cyberspace is becoming the new preferred environment of the world.With the spontaneous and almost phenomenal growth of cyberspace, new and ticklish issues relating to various legal aspects of cyberspace began cropping up. In response to the absolutely complex and newly emerging legal issues relating to cyberspace, CYBERLAW or the law of Internet came into being. The growth of Cyberspace has resulted in the development of a new and highly specialised branch of law called CYBERLAWS- LAWS OF THE INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB.
DEFINITION:
There is no one exhaustive definition of the term "Cyberlaw". However, simply put, Cyberlaw is a term which refers to all the legal and regulatory aspects of Internet and the World Wide Web. Anything concerned with or related to, or emanating from, any legal aspects or issues concerning any activity of netizens and others, in Cyberspace comes within the ambit of Cyberlaw .
Indian Cyber Law India
India cyber (internet) laws is largely...