OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of three different concentrations of hypertonic sodium salt (HS) resuscitation on liver injury of rats at the early stage of severe burned. METHODS: 104 female Sprage-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham group (n = 8), lactated Ringer solution (LR) group (n = 24), 600, 800, 1 000 mmol/L HS groups (HS600, HS800, and HS1000 groups, n = 24). Rats in LR group and HS groups were subjected to full-thickness scald with 30% total body surface area (TBSA), and then given liquid resuscitation treatment with LR and the corresponding HS...

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this study was to compare the effect of perioperative administration of crystalloid versus colloid solutions and its impact on reversal of ileus after resection with primary anastomosis of intestine. We hypothesized that inclusion of colloids will improve the return of intestinal motility. METHODS: In a double-blinded clinical trial, 91 the American Society of Anesthesiologists I to III patients undergoing abdominal operation for resection with anastomosis of small or large intestine were randomized to receive either lactated Ringer solution crystalloid group or 6% hydroxyethyl starch colloid group to replace intraoperative fluid loss (blood loss + third space)...

Chemical burns of the eye are one of the most common eye injuries. The extent of the ocular surface damage is influenced by the type, temperature, volume, and pH of the corrosive substance and duration of exposure. Limbal ischemia found on eye assessment is the primary determinant of eventual visual outcome. Eye irrigation must be instituted immediately at the scene of exposure and continued in the emergency department to reduce visual impairment. Traditionally lactated Ringer's and normal saline have been used as irrigation fluids, although one systematic review demonstrates similar outcomes with other irrigation fluids...

While the mechanisms underlying the control of cutaneous vasodilation has been extensively studied, there remains a lack of understanding of the different factors that may modulate cutaneous perfusion during an exercise-induced heat stress. We evaluated the hypothesis that heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) contributes to the heat loss response of cutaneous vasodilation via the activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) during exercise in the heat. In eleven young males (25±5 years), cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was measured at four forearm skin sites that were continuously treated with 1) Lactated Ringers solution (Control), 2) NOS inhibition with 10 mM L-NAME, 3) HSP90 inhibition with 178 μM Geldanamycin, or 4) a combination of 10 mM L-NAME and 178 μM Geldanamycin...

BACKGROUND: Fluid therapy in the perioperative period varies greatly between anesthesia providers and may have a negative impact on surgical outcomes. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 705 elective colorectal cases consisting of colectomies, ileocolic resections, and low anterior resections at an academic institution from January 1, 2010 to May 29, 2015, collected by our electronic medical record before implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(®)) pathways...

BACKGROUND: Lightning is a natural phenomenon that mostly affects countries in the tropical and subtropical regions of the globe, including Ghana. Lightning strikes pose a global public health issue. Although strikes to humans are uncommon, it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 10-year-old Ghanaian girl who got second-degree burns after being struck by lightning. She was put on an intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic (ceftriaxone), Ringer's lactate, and her burns were dressed with sterile gauze impregnated with Vaseline (petroleum jelly) and silver sulfadiazine ointment...

BACKGROUND: Signs of hypovolaemia are frequent in the postoperative period, but not all patients need or respond to fluid administration. An increase in cardiac output (CO) after passive leg raising (PLR) has been demonstrated to be useful as a volume response predictor in non-surgical, spontaneously breathing patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of transthoracic echocardiography after PLR to predict fluid responsiveness in post-surgical patients...

Several therapies have been investigated for equine tendinopathies, but satisfactory long term results have not been achieved consistently and a better understanding of the healing mechanism elicited by regenerative therapies is needed. The aim of this study was to assess the separate effects of autologous bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AT) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and platelet rich plasma (PRP), for treating lesions induced in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses. Lesions were created surgically in both SDFTs of the forelimbs of 12 horses and were treated with BM-MSCs (six tendons), AT-MSCs (six tendons) or PRP (six tendons)...

BACKGROUND: Crystalloids are used routinely for perioperative fluid management in cesarean delivery. Few studies have determined the crystalloid of choice in obstetric anesthesia. We compared the effects of Ringer's lactate (RL) versus 0.9% normal saline (NS) on maternal and neonatal blood pH and 24-hour postoperative morbidity in urgent cesarean delivery in a low-resource setting. Our hypothesis was that RL would result in 30% less acidosis than NS. METHODS: This was a pragmatic prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial in the Mulago National Referral Hospital Labor Ward Theater from September 2011 to May 2012...

The most common etiologies of acute pancreatitis are gallstones (particularly 5 mm or smaller) and alcohol consumption. The serum amylase level may be normal in up to one-fifth of patients with acute pancreatitis; therefore, this level by itself is not a reliable diagnostic factor. The serum lipase level has a higher positive predictive value and specificity compared with the amylase level. Acute biliary pancreatitis with evidence of cholangitis represents an emergency indication for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic sphincterotomy within 24 hours of presentation...

BACKGROUND: Spinal blockade provides excellent anesthesia for patients undergoing cesarean section. However, hypotension after spinal anesthesia is a common adverse effect that is commonly experienced in patients undergoing cesarean section. The aim of our study was to analyze if a simple technique like leg wrapping with elastic crepe bandage would be effective in controlling postspinal hypotension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty full-term pregnant patients who were posted for cesarean section belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II were divided into two groups...

BACKGROUND: Restoration of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) barrier may be an essential therapeutic target for successful resuscitation. The aim of this study was to compare in vivo the effects of resuscitation with normal saline (NS) to lactated Ringer's solution (LR), 5% albumin and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) on their ability to maintain EG and barrier function integrity, mitigate endothelial injury and inflammation, and restore vascular homeostasis after hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Anesthetized rats (N = 36) were subjected to hemorrhagic shock (bled 40% of total blood volume), followed by resuscitation with 45 ml/kg NS or LR, or 15 ml/kg 5% albumin or FFP...

Objective: To explore the effects of change of activity of vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) of myocardial lysosome on myocardial damage in rats after severe burn and its mechanism. Methods: The myocardial lysosomes were extracted from the hearts of 12 SD rats with ultra-high speed gradient density centrifugation, then Western blotting and transmission electron microscope observation were conducted for identification. One hundred and twenty rats were divided into pure burn group, ATP group, normal control group, and bafilomycin group according to the random number table, with 30 rats in each group...

Examine the effect of inhibiting sympathetic function on cutaneous vasomotion in the forearm and leg METHODS: Intradermal microdialysis fibres were placed in the forearm and leg, one as an untreated control (lactated Ringer's) the other perfused with bretylium tosylate to block sympathetic nerves. Skin blood flow was monitored using laser-Doppler flowmetry. Baseline was collected for 10 min before local skin temperature was increased to 42°C. Spectral analysis was performed using a Morlet wavelet RESULTS: Bretylium tosylate increased skin blood flow during baseline in the forearm (d=1...

As it is common for patients treated with extracorporeal life support (ECLS) to subsequently require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and neonatal patients encounter limitations due to lack of access points, inclusion of CRRT in the ECLS circuit could provide advanced treatment for this population. The objective of this study was to evaluate an alternative neonatal ECLS circuit containing either a Maquet RotaFlow centrifugal pump or Maquet HL20 roller pump with one of seven configurations of CRRT using the Prismaflex 2000 System...