This appendix aims to clarify the definitions of sectors when a potential overlap or ambiguity exists.

Agriculture, farming and food chain covers all blockchain solutions for the agricultural sector, whether it be targeted at farmers, agricultural conglomerates, commodity traders, intermediaries (e.g. storage companies) or specialist agricultural logistics. This includes tracking food products from producer to consumer.

Blockchain ecosystem covers all projects that aim to improve or evangelise blockchain technology itself. Examples include creating an implementation of blockchain that is more scalable, solutions that yield interoperability between blockchain protocols and new blockchain implementations without regard to the application.

Charity and non-profits covers blockchain solutions that are targeted at charities, fundraising, the governance of charities, including regulation and monitoring and the allocation of donations by individual donors and within charities to different programs.

Communications: social media contains blockchain-powered social media, distributed applications built on social networks and solutions for people, companies and marketers to interact with both blockchain and non-blockchain social media platforms.

Communications: telecoms includes blockchain solutions for tracking, monitoring and securing telecom infrastructure, customer and billing management and device management and rollouts. The sector also includes blockchain powered equivalents specifically for traditional telephony services including text messages and phone calls.

Education and academia encapsulates blockchain solutions targeted at universities, schools, researchers, teachers, students, administrators and other support functions in the academic sector. Example applications include record keeping, sharing of research data, open education platforms and blockchain-powered transcripts and qualifications. Research into blockchain falls under blockchain ecosystem.

We break entertainment into four categories: gambling and prediction markets, media (including movies, news, TV, photographs, video and paper-based media as well as the use of blockchain for tracking of copyrights and licenses), live sports, electronic sports and video games, augmented reality, and virtual reality. The latter includes the use of blockchain in video games (e.g. for a decentralised marketplace for in-game items) and by the video game industry in the game development process.

Financial applications are split up into two sectors. The first — funding, investing and trading — covers all applications of blockchain technology to investment and trading activity on financial markets, including those for commodities, (crypto)currencies, debt capital, derivatives, equity capital and real estate. This includes the raising of capital via crowdfunding. Financial services covers all remaining applications of blockchain technology to the finance sector, for example, cash savings, loans, leases, rents, escrow, accounting, remittances and insurance.

Healthcare deals with all blockchain solutions that are focused on the healthcare industry.

The IT and analytics sector includes blockchain solutions for the IT industry itself, including applications targeted at software development, big data, AI and tracking of IT equipment.

Logistics covers the movement of large quantities of goods, the freight industry (as opposed to parcel delivery) and international trade.

Manufacturing covers improvements to the manufacturing process and the tracking and aggregation of the data and documentation created as part of this process, without regard to the items being manufactured.

Marketing and advertising covers improvements to creating, delivering, tracking and targeting of marketing campaigns and advertising, without regard to what is being advertised.

Mobility of goods refers to small-scale movements of a small number of goods. Subjects covered include collections and last-mile delivery. This sector explicitly excludes freight, even though one parcel may be shipped at a time.

Mobility of people refers to manufacturing, use, and operations of vehicles (e.g. cars, buses, trains, elevators, aeroplanes, boats) that move people, transportation infrastructure for people (e.g. roads, railways, airports), platforms for interacting with and paying for transportation services (e.g. ride sharing) and how blockchain can increase the reliability and efficiency of transportation.

Public sector and government concerns government record keeping, public registries, internal management functions, taxation, government spending (including welfare) and voting.

Real estate and urban development includes the use of blockchain to buy, sell and track real estate, building management (tracking tenancies and building state, as well as the state of common machinery used in said buildings such as air conditioning) and in planning and urban development.

Tourism refers to blockchain software for the tourism industry, including booking, marketplaces for tourists and ticketing. Sales of some transportation services will also fall under mobility of people (for instance air travel, but not cruises — the former has a significant business and migration component, while the latter is pure tourism).

There are two other categories: unclassified, i.e. none of the above and [blank], where the information was not readily available (especially if a project had already been shut down).

c. Definitions of applications

An application describes what blockchain technology is used for in a given sector. This appendix aims to clarify the definitions of applications when a potential overlap or ambiguity exists.

Cloud storage and computing covers the use of blockchain to store data, interact with applications (e.g. a word processor dApp), perform computations and host web content in a distributed, decentralised manner.

Corporate governance covers internal functionality including accounting, record keeping, inventory management and decision making, as well as external functions regarding a company’s interactions with its debt and equity capital holders (e.g. voting at AGMs).

Data/information sharing and privacy refers to the secure transfer of documents and unstructured data between parties using a blockchain without regard to what the data is about.

Digital identity refers to personal information stored on blockchains to prove identity, qualifications or used for authentication purposes.

Digitisation of assets, goods, items and/or ownership creates a blockchain-powered record of the ownership of an asset, tracking goods in a supply chain or the lifecycle of capital equipment. This includes digitisation of existing paper records.

Infrastructure and cyber security consists of blockchain solutions that improve security, usually by making it easier to conduct forensics.

Legal deals with blockchain solutions that help a business to comply with contractual requirements.

Marketplaces allow their users to trade and pay for assets and goods in a decentralised manner.

Regulatory, compliance and audits details blockchain solutions that ingest records and data with regulatory significance, making them immutable. This application also concerns audits to ensure regulatory compliance, and accounting audits.

Supply chain consists of applications of blockchain to track intermediate goods in the supply chain and assisting and speeding up the flow from primary produce to final product.

There are two other categories: unclassified, i.e. none of the above and [blank], where the information was not readily available (especially if a project had already been shut down).