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NiCd:Low series resistance, dramatic drop off at discharge end.Problem with deep discharge - appear almost shortended -can fix that by applying singular current pulse (few amps).Even (shortly) conncecting them in parallel with a working cell willfix that. If they appear shortended (0V) - a normal charger want operate.Additional you would see the memory effect.Using off-the-shelf pulse loaders and "pulse-reflex-loaders" handles both issues -I have some pulse-reflex-loaders - which apply positive and negative pulses forNiCd.You can charge them quite fast without any warming up.Definitly perfect for NiCds.

Lead Acid:Same thing. Tried out some "ultra" or "megapulse" magic refreshers.Could push lifetime by a high degree.After put such stuff appart- you will find parts for 2$ inside - but it really works.

There are lots of patents for pulse and pulse reflex chargers.

Because of the nature of a battery (a battery consists of more than one cells in series) -the entire behavier might be limited by one cell only.So if you can fix the broken cell - it will operate completely different.I have seen situations with lead-acid where the battery somehow switches between modes,with one cell oscillating between operating and not operating.

I think its important to keep in mind that a cell is storing (slow electrochemical process, ion movement)and converting(ions at the electrodes can be immediatly converted into electric energy).

If you charge or drain a cell with dc current - there is always the slow and lossy electrochemical process in the background,which forms the internal series resistance and is responsible for heating up).

If you apply pulses which "fit" to the maximum charge of the electrodes - and use proper pause to give the ions a chance to find their way on lowest energy path - you can charge the cell very efficiently. (Typicalwise charging is only 60% effectiv - means you need up to double the energy on charging than you get back on draining).Using pulse charging - I would expect upt to 90% efficiency - depending on type and tuning.