Clear IAS Mains High Value Answer Writing: Test Series -21

This is question set #21 of ‘Clear IAS Mains High Value Answer Writing Test Series’. Mains High Value Answer Writing is a UPSC mains oriented program from ClearIAS.com that consists of 5 questions in each post, published around 8 pm every day. Each of the 5 questions are selected from 5 papers mentioned in UPSC Mains syllabus namely Essay, GS1, GS2, GS3 and GS4 (ethics). Selected questions of high probability to be asked UPSC mains are included in each of these mini tests. Aspirants can choose any question they wish to answer in the comment space provided below, specifying the question number and question topic.

Questions for Answer Writing – Selections for today:

GS 1 Paper: [India after independence/National Emergency] – National emergency is one situation when India shifts from her federal characteristics and assumes unitary shape. Analyze the situations of national emergencies in India and examine why the emergency declared in 1975 is a black spot on Indian democracy. (200 words)

GS 2 Paper: [Constitution/Amendments] – Examine the changes made by the 1st constitutional amendment of India. How is first amendment linked to reservation? (200 words)

GS 3 Paper: [Indian Economy] – Trace India’s development in space technology in the last 50 years. (200 words)

GS 4 Paper: [Emotional Intelligence] Who do you think as emotional intelligent? List out the characteristics of an emotionally intelligent person, and evaluate why is emotional intelligence necessary for public service. (200 words)

Rules and Regulations: Clear IAS Mains High Value Answer Writing

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5.GS 4 Paper: [Emotional Intelligence] Who do you think as emotional intelligent? List out the characteristics of an emotionally intelligent person, and evaluate why is emotional intelligence necessary for public service. (200 words)

Emotional intelligence refers to the ability of an individual to monitor other people’s emotions. It aims to develope people’s sensitivity and bring them new understanding of emotional dimension.

Characteristics of an emotional intelligence person:

a) Self awareness – ability to recognize and understand personal moods and emotions
b)Self regulation – ability to think before acting
c) Empathy – ability to understand emotional mind of other people
d) Social skills – ability to manage relationship or build relationship network
e) Motivation – to have passion to work for reasons without caring about money and status

The reasons for which emotional intelligence is necessary for public service are-

a) Person Having high emotional intelligence can run public service well
b) They can build public trust
c) Expert in managing stress
d) Their wise and appropriate behaviour make public satisfied
e) work with innovative ideas
f) bring improvement in productivity
g) can take right decision at right time
h) They carry always positive mental health

GS 1 Paper: [India after independence/National Emergency] – National emergency is one situation when India shifts from her federal characteristics and assumes unitary shape. Analyze the situations of national emergencies in India and examine why the emergency declared in 1975 is a black spot on Indian democracy. (200 words)

In India National Emergency under Art 352 has been announced three times:
1. Between 1962 to 1968 during the India-China war — the security of India having been declared threatened by external aggression.
2. Between 1971 to 1977 – proclaimed during the Indo Pakistan war, and later extended along with proclamation — the security of India having been declared threatened by external aggression.
3. Between 1975 to 1977 – under controversial circumstances of political instability under the Indira Gandhi’s prime ministership — the security of India having been declared threatened by internal disturbances.

The emergency declared on 25th Jun, 1975 is a black spot on Indian democracy because:
– Indian citizens right to apply to courts for the enforcement of the following rights had been suspended: Article 14: Equality before law
Article 19: Right to freedom of speech
Article 21: Protection of life and property
Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention without being informed of the grounds for arrest.
– Censorship on newspapers was imposed
-politicians & journalists were jailed all over the country
– Dismissed more than 8 state governments on a single day
-Workers rights were trampled
-Forced sterilisation.
-Destruction of the slum and low-income housing in the Turkmen Gate and Jama Masjid area of old Delhi.
– Illegal enactment of laws including modifications to the Constitution.

The emergency was called off on March 21, 1977 which by then had deeply impacted the socio-economic and political fabric of India.

GS 3 Paper: [Indian Economy] – Trace India’s development in space technology in the last 50 years. (200 words)
Government of India established the Department of Space in 1972 to promote development and application of space science and technology for socio-economic benefits with Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) being the primary agency.

National emergency is one situation when India shifts from her federal characteristics and assumes unitary shape. Analyze the situations of national emergencies in India and examine why the emergency declared in 1975 is a black spot on Indian democracy. (200 words)
Ans
Emergency is declared when the president of India is convinced that there is substantial threat to the nation due to external, internal or financial threats. This implies restrictions to the fundamental rights to the citizens.
External emergency under article 352 has been declared twice-
1) From 1962 to 1968 during war with China and extended due to war with Pakistan.
2) From 1971 to 1977 due to war with Pakistan.
Internal emergency (art. 356) has been declared only once-
1) From 1975 to 1977 during the rule of Indira Gandhi.
Financial emergency (art 360) has never been declared in India.
The internal emergency declared in 1975 is a black spot on our democracy because it was the largest deviation we have had in our history-
1) Misuse of Presidents power to declare ordinance to bypass legislative.
2) Ignoring opposition to push legislation.
3) Jailing political dissidents.
4) Closing down media houses and using state media (like Door-Darshan) to broadcast state propaganda.
5) Curbing citizens’ rights for judicial review.
6) Passing legislations disregarding Supreme courts decisions.
7) Curbing fundamental rights under article 14,19,21 and 22.
8) Dismissal of 9 state governments like those of Tamil Nadu and Gujarat governed by opposition parties.
9) Forced sterilisation ( 8.3 million against 2.4 million last year).
10) Demolition of slums ( near Jama Masjid and Turkmen Gate).

Examine the changes made by the 1st constitutional amendment of India. How is first amendment linked to reservation? (200 words)
Ans.
The first constitutional amendment was in light to two judgements from judiciary-
1) Freedom of speech; Romesh Thappar vs The State of Madras
2) Right to equality; State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan
The first amendment was supported by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in the parliament. The highlights of the amendment were-
– Against misuse of freedom of speech (article 19)
– Against misuse of freedom of choice of profession (article 19)
– Legitimacy to land reform and abolition of Zamindari (article 31)
– Legitimacy to reservations (article 15)
In the State of Madras vs Champakam Dorairajan case, the high court and later Supreme Court had given the verdict that reservation went against the fundamental right to equality. To legitimize reservations, article 15 (3) was modified to enable the state to create reservations in educational institutes and jobs for the welfare of socially and educationally backward sections.
It was in line with article 46 (directive principle of state policy) which states that state should promote with special care the interests of backward sections in education and economic areas and protect them from exploitation.

Trace India’s development in space technology in the last 50 years. (200 words)
Ans
The beginnings of Indian space programme can be traced back to 1945 by establishment of Physical research laboratory in Ahmedabad by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai and Tata institute of fundamental research by Homo Bhabha.
Study of space technology got a boost with the formation of Indian Space research organisation (ISRO) in 1969, headed by Dr. Vikram Sarabhai. It was the successor agency of Indian National Commission for Space Research (INCOSPAR). Initial tests were limited to launch of sounding rockets but the big achievement came in 1975 with the launch of satellite Aryabhatt by a soviet rocket. Following events unfolded afterwards-
Launch vehicle/rockets –
1) Launch of Rohini Satellite by indigenous rocket launcher Satellite Launch Vehicle(SLV) in 1979. Four stages, solid fueld.
2) Development of Augmented Satellite launch vehicle (ASLV) launched in 1987. Five stages, solid fuel.
3) Polar satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) was developed as a workhorse of ISRO. It is used to transfer satellites to low earth orbits.
4) Geo-synchronous satellite launch vehicle (GSLV) with indigenous cryogenic engine was developed. First successful test in February2014. Can carry much higher satellites to geo-synchronous orbits.
Satellites-
1) Rohini was the first satellite to be launched on indigenous rocket.
2) INSAT (Indian national satellite system); series of satellites used for communication and meteorological purposes.

3) IRNSS (Indian regional navigation satellite system); series of satellites to create a national Positioning system.
4) IRS (Indian remote sensing satellite).
5) RISAT(Radar imaging satellite)
ISRO has also launched satellites for other countries and holds the record for maximum launches in one rocket (10).
It has also executed orbiter missions to moon(Chndrayaan) and mars(Mangalyaan).