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The cold, dry, and stable air above the summits of the Antarctic plateau provides the best ground-based observing conditions from optical to sub-millimetre wavelengths to be found on the Earth. Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope (PILOT) is a proposed 2 m telescope, to be built at Dome C in Antarctica, able to exploit these conditions for conducting astronomy at optical and infrared wavelengths. While PILOT is intended as a pathfinder towards the construction of future grand-design facilities, it will also be able to undertake a range of fundamental science investigations in its own right. This paper provides the performance specifications for PILOT, including its instrumentation. It then describes the kinds of projects that it could best conduct. These range from planetary science to the search for other solar systems, from star formation within the Galaxy to the star formation history of the Universe, and from gravitational lensing caused by exo-planets to that produced by the cosmic web of dark matter. PILOT would be particularly powerful for wide-field imaging at infrared wavelengths, achieving near diffraction-limited performance with simple tip–tilt wavefront correction. PILOT would also be capable of near diffraction-limited performance in the optical wavebands, as well be able to open new wavebands for regular ground-based observation, in the mid-IR from 17 to 40 μm and in the sub-millimetre at 200 μm.

The second Women in Astronomy Lunchtime Meeting was held on Monday 21 August 2006, with more than 250 participants. The meeting was hosted by the EC Working Group for Women in Astronomy, established at the 2003 IAU General Assembly, and was attended by the current President, the Presidents-Elect for this and the next General Assembly, the General Secretary and Vice-Presidents, many senior astronomers, as well as students and young astronomers. It was a particular pleasure to welcome and congratulate the incoming President, Dr Catherine Cesarsky, the first woman to hold the position.

Jodrell Bank Observatory is responsible for the Front end modules (FEMs) for 30 GHz for LFI, with IAC being responsible for the hybrids and any phase switch. The University of Cantabria are responsible for the Back end modules (BEMs). Developments have been made to test prototypes both warm and cold for the FEMs. This is evolving towards flight hardware through an elegant breadboard phase EBB. Results of system performance show both white noise and 1/f characteristics.

The global area sown to genetically modified (GM) crops has increased rapidly from 1.7 million ha in 1996 to 67.7 million ha in 2003 (James, 2003). While GM crops have been shown to be substantially equivalent (e.g. Clarke and Ipharraguerre, 2000), the use of GM crops (e.g. maize grain) or components/products from them (e.g. soyabean meal) in livestock diets has raised a number of safety concerns including, the potential for transgenic DNA to transfer to animal-derived products intended for human consumption. Therefore, the aim was to determine the presence or absence of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA fragments in the blood, tissues and digesta of broilers consuming GM-based diets.

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