Land use optimization for agriculture is an attempt to increase the utilization of land resources by matching agricultural land with the most productive crop to both expand the plantable area and maximize productivity...

Abstract - Plant productivity is determined by two main interrelated factors, namely, the application of technical culture factor, including the use of superior plant materials, and soil suitability factor...

The process of making biodiesel made of palm oil produced as a by-product of glycerol with low purity levels, liquids, viscous blackish brown with a very alkaline pH (pH > 10). Glycerol is often referred to as crude glycerol...