Saturday, 6 December 2014

Photo Essay: The Grave of James Joyce in Zurich

At the Joyce grave (James, Norah and George are interred here)

I discovered the great
Irish writer James Joyce in my late teens. I read first his autobiographical
novel The Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man (published in 1916). This
künstlerroman (a novel tracing the
intellectual, religious and philosophical development of its young protagonist
Stephen Dedalus) had a huge impact on me, because of its critical account of a
young man's Catholic education. The shift Dedalus undergoes from religious ardour
to complete rejection of the Church mirrored my own teenage development. Just
as impressive as this first modernist novel of his was Joyce's earlier book of
short stories, Dubliners (1914). I have re-read both of these works
several times - and found more to admire in them on each occasion. And I have
even managed, recently, to get all the way through Ulysses (1922), his
long and difficult modernist masterpiece.

Milton Hebald's distinctive sculpture of Joyce - cigarette in one hand; book in the other

When my wife Barbara
and I were in Zurich in July 2013, I made a point of visiting the grave of
James Joyce. How did Joyce - all of whose work was focused obsessively on his
homeland - end up dead and buried in Zurich? Well, the short answer is that he
made the conscious decision in 1904 (at the age of 22) to exile himself permanently
from Ireland, and to pursue the life of a writer in Continental Europe. For the
next fifteen-odd years, James and his wife Nora lived in Italy (primarily Rome
and Trieste from 1904-1915) and Switzerland (in Zurich from 1915-1920). In 1920
the American poet Ezra Pound invited Joyce to make a week-long visit to Paris -
so that he could mingle with the burgeoning literary scene there, replete with hordes
of American and British writers enjoying the artistic, bohemian lifestyle and
taking advantage of the cheap cost of living. James and Nora liked the
situation in the French capital and decided to settle there. They spent 20
years in Paris - finally leaving in late 1940 to escape the Nazi occupation.

Soon after returning to
Zurich (Switzerland's largest city), Joyce became seriously ill. He was
eventually diagnosed as suffering from a perforated duodenal ulcer. He
underwent surgery on January 11th., 1941. The procedure seemed to have been
successful; he rallied briefly, but then suffered a relapse, which required
several blood transfusions. He fell into a coma. He awoke at 2 a.m. on January
13th., and asked to see his wife and son George. He died 15 minutes later, as
the pair were on their way to the hospital. Joyce was 58 years old.

The headstone at the Joyce family grave

Two days later, the
body of James Joyce was taken to the Friedhof
Fluntern (Fluntern Cemetery). A Catholic priest had tried to persuade
Joyce's wife, Nora, to hold a funeral mass for her husband. Her reply:
"Oh, I couldn't do that to him." A service was held at the cemetery
in the Friedhofkapelle. Speeches were
made by Lord Derwent, the British Minister to Bern, by poet Max Geilinger, on
behalf of the Swiss Society of Authors, and by Professor Heinrich Straumann.
The Swiss tenor Max Meili sang "Addio
terra, addio ciele" ("Farewell earth; farewell sky") from
Monteverdi's opera L'Orfeo.

Norah Joyce attempted
to have James Joyce's remains repatriated to Ireland, but the Irish government
refused. Norah died in Zurich in 1951 and she was buried beside her husband. In
1966 they were moved to a permanent plot at the back of the cemetery. The body
of their son George ("Georgio") joined them, following his death in
1976. A wonderful sculpture of Joyce by Milton Hebald was dedicated and placed
beside their grave in 1981.

The centre of Zurich is on either side of the River Limmat, which flows north-west out of Lake Zurich (Zürichsee); Joyce's grave is at the Friedhof Fluntern - shown near the top-right of this Google Earth image

Friedhof
Fluntern is on the eastern outskirts of the city, right next
to the zoo. The Joyces used to visit there - James particularly liked standing
at the lion cage. It was a comfort to Norah, therefore, that her husband was
buried next to the zoo: "He was awfully fond of the lions," she said,
"I like to think of him lying there and listening to them roar".

You take the #6 tram from the centre of Zurich to get to Friedhof Fluntern

To get to Friedhof Fluntern is quite easy. You
catch the #6 tram in the city centre and take it to the end of the line. The
terminus is called the Zoo stop. The front gate to the cemetery is just 100
metres from the tram stop. The cemetery itself is a very attractive and
well-maintained place. The headstones and gravesite sculptures are generally
more interesting than your average home of the dead - we saw many fascinating
and creative memorials there - including Milton Hebald's unique sculpture of
Joyce.

Entrance into Friedhof Fluntern

Front door of James Joyce Foundation

There are other Joycean
locations to visit in Zurich. There must be about half-a-dozen former
apartments in the centre of the city that were once residences for the Joyce
family: a few are near the university, and about four of them are clustered
together in the oldest part of the city - on the east bank of the Limmat river.

There is also The James Joyce Foundation, founded in 1985. It is located at #9
Augustinergasse. The Foundation organizes regular readings and seminars. And
its library has a very impressive collection of over 5,000 volumes - many first
editions of Joyce works, and other books about the great man.

James Joyce Foundation is at #9 Augustinergasse

Also worth a visit is
the James Joyce Pub. It can be found at #8 Pelikanstrasse. In the early 1970s,
Swiss fans of Joyce raised enough money to enable them to buy the interior of
Jury's Antique Bar in Dublin, which was slated for demolition. The interior was
dismantled and moved to Zurich. I have to say I didn't particularly like the
ambience of the James Joyce Pub - it felt more like an upscale wine bar, than a
down-to-earth Irish pub. Its location in the financial and shopping district
around Bahnhofstrasse doesn't help. But you might want to visit just to tick it
off on your list of James Joyce sites in Zurich!

Quote of the Week

"There is a crack in everything; that's how the light gets in."

-Leonard Cohen

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