As Iraqi Forces Push Into Mosul, Camps Brace For An Influx Of The Displaced

Iraqis living east of Mosul hold a white flag as they flee Wednesday during an Iraqi army's operation to retake the ISIS-held city. So far, the number of civilians fleeing the fighting has been relatively small. But aid groups warn the numbers could rise dramatically as the fighting moves into the city itself.

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Originally published on November 2, 2016 6:54 pm

Hassan Shami camp, about 15 miles east of Mosul, is pristine, the gravel spotless, the rows of tents still white and mostly empty.

There aren't yet the crowds of children, piles of garish mattresses, makeshift bathtubs, half-eaten bowls of rice and beans that have become familiar sights at Iraq's many camps for about 2 million people now displaced by the fight against the Islamic State.

That is likely to change, and soon.

Elite counter-terror forces are now nudging into the ISIS-held city of Mosul. Thousands of people are fleeing that fighting, many carrying nothing with them.

A few hundred arrived at Hassan Shami on Tuesday, running away as Iraq's security forces battled ISIS in the very last villages before the city proper begins.

One woman, Fawzia Akhlef, washes her children's dusty clothes. "We heard fighting, tanks, shelling," she says as she wrings out the little sweatpants and socks.

"We were happy," she said. "We knew it was dangerous, but we just wanted to be under the control of the army."

Waving a white flag

These people are poor farmers and say life under ISIS was bad — not so much because the extremists enforced harsh rules, but because it cut them off from government assistance and because food and fuel prices rose. They were hungry.

Inside a tent, Najm Abdullah and his wife, Hamda Mohammad, tell me they fled the same village.

They don't know a lot about what's been going on in Iraq. Under ISIS, mobile phones and TVs weren't allowed. But Abdullah says they secretly listened to army commanders on the radio.

"They told us not to be afraid of the armed forces," he says. They heard the army was telling people in ISIS areas to wave a white flag when soldiers came.

As the fighting escalated, they fled, driving through crossfire. As they moved further from ISIS and closer to the soldiers, they waved their white flag, and the shooting stopped.

Now they hope there will be a school in the camp for their kids, who have for months been selling water to passing cars because the family got so poor.

When I speak to camp director Ruzgar Obeid, he says when people from ISIS areas arrive, you can tell they're traumatized.

"You can see in their faces, they have psychological problems," he says. "They were in a dangerous situation, they come here and they're safe."

'It's going to be very difficult'

More than two weeks after the fighting began, a relatively small number of civilians have fled the fighting, maybe 18,000, according to aid agencies. Here, east of Mosul, most of the battles so far have taken place in empty villages.

But on Wednesday, special forces began pushing deeper into the heavily populated city. Aid agencies say as many as a million people or even more still live in Mosul, roughly half the population that was there before the Islamic State arrived in 2014.

And Obeid thinks his camp will fill up soon with people running away.

"It's going to be very difficult," he says. He just got word that there are 2,000 people who have fled the fighting today. The army is bringing them to his camp.

Aid agencies and the U.N. have been hustling to build enough camps for the hundreds of thousands of people who could flee the fighting once it reaches the center of Mosul.

ISIS has mounted fierce resistance. Now that some Iraqi forces are moving into the city itself, commanders expect the fight to become even tougher.

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AUDIE CORNISH, HOST:

Let's go now to a camp for displaced people in northern Iraq. It's expecting a lot more residents any day now. Elite counter-terror forces are making their way into the Iraqi city of Mosul, now held by ISIS. And thousands are fleeing the fighting with just the clothes on their backs. Aid agencies say hundreds of thousands more could follow. Here's NPR's Alice Fordham.

ALICE FORDHAM, BYLINE: This camp about 15 miles east of Mosul is pristine, the gravel spotless, the rows of tents still white and mostly empty. But that's about to change. This family now washing their dusty clothes arrived last night. They fled a village on the very edge of the city as Iraqi forces were battling to take it from ISIS.

FORDHAM: "We were happy," she says. "We knew it was dangerous, but we just wanted to be under the control of the army." These people are poor farmers and said life under ISIS was bad not so much because the extremists enforced harsh rules but because it cut them off from government assistance and because food and fuel prices rose. They were hungry.

(CROSSTALK)

FORDHAM: Inside a tent, husband and wife Najm Abdullah and Hamda Mohammad tell me they fled the same village. They don't know a lot about what's been going on in Iraq. Under ISIS, mobile phones and TVs weren't allowed.

NAJM ABDULLAH: (Speaking foreign language).

FORDHAM: But he says they secretly listened to a radio. They heard the army was telling people in ISIS areas to wave a white flag when the armed forces came.

ABDULLAH: (Speaking foreign language).

FORDHAM: As the fighting escalated, they fled, driving through crossfire. And as they moved further from ISIS and closer to the soldiers, they waved their white flag, and the shooting stopped. Now they hope there will be a school in the camp for their kids who have for months been selling water to passing cars because the family got so poor.

When I speak to camp director Ruzgar Obeid, he says when people from ISIS areas arrive, you can tell they're traumatized.

RUZGAR OBEID: (Speaking foreign language).

FORDHAM: "You can see in their faces they have psychological problems," he says. "They were in a dangerous situation. They come here, and they're safe." So far, only a trickle of people has fled the fighting. Here, to the east of Mosul, most of the battles so far have been in empty villages. But today, special forces began pushing deeper into the heavily populated city. Aid agencies say as many as a million people or even more still live in Mosul, and Obeid thinks his camp will fill up soon with people running away.

OBEID: (Speaking foreign language).

FORDHAM: "It's going to be very difficult," he says. He just got word that there are 2,000 people who have fled the fighting today. The army is bringing them to his camp, which isn't actually finished yet.

Aid agencies at the U.N. have been hustling to build enough camps for the hundreds of thousands of people who could flee the fighting once it reaches the center of Mosul. The operations to retake the city have been ongoing for two weeks now. Iraq's security forces have been fighting their way through rural areas. Now some of them are moving into the city itself. Commanders expect the fight to become even tougher. Alice Fordham, NPR News, Hassan Shami camp, northern Iraq. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.