7. The paper by Rivers et al.that showed that early goal-directed therapy improves outcomes in patients with sepsis and septic shock (see also the PROMISE, PROCESS and ARISE trials)

8. TRICC Using a lower haemoglobin of 7 g/dl as a trigger for blood transfusion has the same mortality as a trigger of 10 g/dl and may be beneficial in some patient groups

9. ARDSNet. Patients with ARDS or Acute Lung Injury had lower mortality if they were ventilated on ICU with tidal volumes of 6ml/kg and a plateau pressure of <30cm water compared with those ventilated at 12ml/kg and a plateau pressure of <50cm water