Tanana River, river, east-central Alaska, U.S. Its name is an Athabascan word meaning “river trail.” An important tributary of the Yukon River, it rises from two headstreams, the Chisana and Nabesna rivers on the north side of the Alaska Range, and it flows some 570 miles (915 km) from the head of the Chisana northwestward along the base of the Alaska Range to join the Yukon River near the village of Tanana. The river drains the north slopes of the high Alaska Range and is fed by a number of glaciers. The river drains approximately 44,000 square miles (114,000 square km) of interior Alaska. The Tanana and White rivers together contribute almost 30 percent of the total water flow of the Yukon River, though they make up only about 20 percent of its drainage area. The sediment-laden Tanana is rich in minerals. Its flow peaks in July, and by late summer it becomes a shallow stream. The river was first explored by Russian traders in the mid-19th century. The Tanana valley, an important gold-producing area made famous in 1904 by the gold rush, is also a lumbering district and one of Alaska’s major farming regions, producing potatoes, truck crops, and small grains. Fairbanks, the terminus of the Alaska and Richardson highways (which follow the river west of the Yukon territory, Canada) and of the Alaska Railroad (from the port of Seward), is the commercial and distribution centre of the Tanana valley. In 1967 the river overflowed, flooding Fairbanks. Along the river is Tetlin National Wildlife Refuge and Tanana Valley State Forest.

Tanana River, east-central Alaska.

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...in Canada’s Yukon territory. It receives drainage from the southern slopes of the Brooks Range, from the interior, and from the northern slopes of the Alaska Range. Its major tributary is the Tanana River.

At the junction of the Tanana River, the main southern tributary in Alaska, the Yukon is less than 300 feet (90 metres) above sea level. Upstream on the Tanana lies Fairbanks, the largest city in the Yukon River basin. The snow- and glacier-fed waters of the Tanana drain the north slopes of the high Alaska Range, but, after the peak runoff in July, the Tanana becomes a shallow stream by late...