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3 When talking about quality, it is easy and convenient to use well known definitions of requirements as provided by standards. Standards help to avoid confusion and misunderstandings. Specifications

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4 The byer specifies in the contract what he wishes to buy; this specification is done on the basis of the standards:  Definition of product (species and varieties)  Quality category (as described in standard)  Class Extrahighest price  Class I normal price  Class II lower price  Size (minimum size and size range)  Coulour  Degree of ripeness  Etc. If there were no standards buyer and seller would have to elaborate their own specification for the relevant product. Contract

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5 When products arrive, the buyer has to check whether the products meet the specifications as to quality as set out in the contract. If the product does not meet the standard or the specifications in the contract, the product is returned to the seller or re-graded – and this is done on the cost of the seller. Checks at entry point

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6 OK NOT OK Contract is Seller (supplier) is concluded and contacted and price payment made adjusted or products returned Checks at entry point

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7 Production Harvest Grading Handling Storage Transport Export demand at a minimum level = standard additional specifications = private contract Import  standards enable groups of growers/exporters to offer homogenous products  standards are the common and agreed basis of production for a group of producers Uniform offer/supply

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9  Providing a basis for the country’s reputation by  guaranteeing a minimum quality  establishing national standards to provide a set of specifitions to the industry (private sector)  deciding whether standards are mandatory or optional  Providing a basis for transparency in the market by  harmonising the national standards with international standards  taking part in international standard setting  establishing a governmental inspection service or approving private inspection bodies  avoiding conflicts with the TBT agreement The role of governments in standarisation

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10 National standards  may be used on a voluntary basis  may be based on UN/ECE standards in order to assure an international agreed quality level  at export stage  at import stage  at domestic market BUT  the WTO-TBT-agreement does not allow higher requirements for imported than for domestic products. National standards

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12 Council level Legal framework Commission level Implementation rules Implementation of Standards in the EU  The legal text is published in the ”Official Journal” which publishes all EU legal texts.  Regulations including standards are updated when necessary. A Consolidated version is published on the EU website.

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13 Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 (Single CMO Regulation)  establishing a common organisation of agricultural markets and on specific provisions for certain agricultural products such as meat, cereals, fruit, vegetables, olive oil etc.  articles 113 and 113a provide the framework for marketing standards and inspection Implementation of Standards in the EU

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14 1. Provision may be made by the Commission for marketing standards for one or more of the products of the following sectors: (a) olive oil and table olives in respect of the products referred to in point (a) of Part VII of Annex I; (b) fruit and vegetables; (c) processed fruit and vegetables; (d) bananas; (e) live plants. Gives the Commission the right to decide, whether to have standards for fruits and veg, and for which products Article 113 of 1234/2007

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15 The standards referred to in paragraph 1: (a) shall be established taking into account, in particular: (i) the specificities of the products concerned; (ii) the need to ensure the conditions for a smooth disposal of those products on the market; (iii) the interest of consumers to receive adequate and transparent product information including, in particular for products of the fruit and vegetables and processed fruit and vegetables sectors, the country of origin, the class and, where appropriate (or the commercial type) of the product; Marking require- ments are specified Article 113 of 1234/2007

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16 The standards referred to in paragraph 1: (a) shall be established taking into account, in particular: (v) as regards the fruit and vegetables and the processed fruit and vegetables sectors, the Standard recommendations adopted by the UN-Economic Commission for Europe (UN/ECE); (b) may in particular relate to quality, grading into classes, weight, sizing, packaging, wrapping, storage, transport, presentation, origin and labelling. Reference to the UNECE- standards Content of standards Article 113 of 1234/2007

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17 3.... the products for which marketing standards have been laid down may be marketed in the Community only in accordance with such standards.... Member States shall check whether those products conform to those standards and shall apply penalties as appropriate. Use of standards is made compulsory Obligigation for Member States to check conformity but to apply penalities is voloutary Article 113 of 1234/2007

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18 1.The products of the fruit and vegetables sector which are intended to be sold fresh to the consumer, may only be marketed if they are sound, fair and of marketable quality and if the country of origin is indicated. 2. The marketing standards... shall apply at all marketing stages including import and export unless otherwise provided for by the Commission. Sets out a minimum quality level for all fruit and vegetables sold. Article 113a of 1234/2007 Decides that standards shall apply at all stages of marketing.

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19 3.The holder of products of the fruit and vegetables and processed fruit and vegetables sector covered by marketing standards may not display such products or offer them for sale or deliver or market them in any manner within the Community other than in conformity with those standards and shall be responsible for ensuring such conformity. Makes the holder responsible for conformity Article 113a of 1234/2007

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20 4.Further to the second subparagraph of Article 113(3) and without prejudice to any specific provisions which may be adopted by the Commission in accordance with Article 194, in particular on theconsistent application in the Member States of the conformity checks, Member States shall, in respect of the fruit and vegetables and the processed fruit and vegetables sectors, check selectively, based on a risk analysis, whether the products concerned conform to the respective marketing standards. These checks shall be focused on the stage prior to dispatch from the production areas when the products are being packed or loaded. For products from third countries, checks shall be done prior to release for free circulation. Risk analysis shall be used and controls made as early in the distribution chain as possible. Article 113a of 1234/2007

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22  The general requirements in article 113 a 1 of the Council regulation are defined by the general marketing standard (as set out in an annex).  Gives the holder the right to apply the relevant product specific UNECE standard instead of the general marketing standard.  States which 10 products are covered by a product specific marketing standard.  Defines that a ”holder” is a physical or legal person. Article 3 of 543/2011 UNECE standards are legalised at EU level

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29 Provisions on marking  All labelling shall be legible and shown obviously and indelibly on the package  For goods in bulk the info shall be given in an accompanying document  For distance contracts (i.e. Internet sales) the information shall be available before the purchase  States which information is required on invoices and accompanying documents. Article 5 of 543/2011

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30 Provisions on marking at retail stage  The retailer must display  Prominently, legibly, and not misleading  Information on  Country of origin  And where appropriate  Class,  Variety or commercial type, or  That products are intended for processing  Prepacked products shall have net weight (Directive 2000/13) number of units if not visible from the outside Article 6 of 543/2011

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31 Mixtures of fruit and vegetables  Information on rules for mixing species  Packages up to 5 kg net weight  Marking in accordance with the rules specified  Indication of country of origin  may be replaced by ”fruit and vegetables of EU-origin” ”fruit and vegetables of Non-EU-origin” ”fruit and vegetables of EU- and Non-EU-origin” Article 7 of 543/2011

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33 Each Member State shall designate  One or several inspection bodies responsible for the control  One single authority responsible for coordination and contacts  and send the address to the EU-Commission. Article 9 of 543/2011

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34 Database on Traders  Member States shall establish a database on traders in fruit and vegetables  Definiton  What a trader is  Which traders should be included in the database  Which information on each trader shall be included  The coordination authority is responsible for the existance and updating of the database. Article 10 of 543/2011

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35 Conformity Checks  Checks shall be carried out based on a risk analysis  Criteria for assesing the risk of non-conformities are specified  Traders shall be classified in risk categories  Adequate control frequences shall be specified  Member states establish their own rules on risk analysis and inform the EU-Commission accordingly Article 10 of 543/2011

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36 Approved traders  Member States the may authorise traders to carry out their own controls  Sets out the conditions for giving this authorisation  Allows that it may be withdrawn  A specific label shall be used for these products Article 12 of 543/2011

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37 Specific rules at import and export  Import and export may only take place if the goods  Have a conformity certificate, or  Customs have info that a certificate for the lot has been issued, or  The inspection body has informed customs that no control is needed with reference to a risk analysis Article 13 of 543/2011

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38 Conformity certificate  Specimen in Annex III  Third countries may have their own control certificates  Certificate may be in paper or electronic  Details on stamps and numbering (in accordance with UNECE-key for certificates) Article 14 of 543/2011

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39 Approval of 3rd countries  The EU Commission may approve the export control of a third country exporting fruit and vegetables to the EU  Conditions for this approval  Official inspection service  Export standards at least equivalent to EU-standards  Products of origin in this country  Approval for pProducts covered by specific marketing standards only Article 15 + 16 of 543/2011

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40 Method of inspection  Method set out in annex V (method in accordance with method of OECD).  Conformity found – a certificate is issued  Non-conformity –  a non-conformity finding shall be issued and  goods may not be moved without authorisation from inspection body  Goods may be sent to processing or animal feed  Goods may be brought into conformity  May be marketed only after authorisation by inspection body Article 17 of 543/2011

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41 Communications  Information shall be sent to the Commission and the country of origin when non-conformity at import is found  Member States shall communicate their risk assesment system to the Commission  Member States shall communicate results of their conformity checks to the Commission Article 18 of 543/2011

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43 Member states specify in national laws/regulations  The authority (authorities) competent for inspection at the different levels of marketing  The co-ordinating authority  The offences and punishement  The fees for inspection National provisions