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0) Decide where to use the installation: a VM or your current OS (preferably Ubuntu), if using VM ensure Intel-VT and AMD-V Virtualization hardware extensions are enabled from the BIOS. (How to go to BIOS if your machine has UEFI firmware?)
1) Install a fresh Ubuntu OS (latest release or the latest LTS, change /etc/apt/sources.list to reflect your local ubuntu repository http://np.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
2) Check if not already install the latest version of Java Runtime Environment.
Check if you have Java installed on your system.
Terminal: java -version
If wrong version of Java is installed: sudo apt-get purge openjdk-\*
Completely remove the OpenJDK/JRE from your system and create a directory to hold your Oracle Java JDK/JRE binaries.
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/java
wget -p /usr/local/java LINK_BELOW
http://sdlc-esd.oracle.com/ESD6/JSCDL/jdk/8u131-b11/d54c1d3a095b4ff2b6607d096fa80163/jre-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz?GroupName=JSC&FilePath=/ESD6/JSCDL/jdk/8u131-b11/d54c1d3a095b4ff2b6607d096fa80163/jre-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz&BHost=javadl.sun.com&File=jre-8u131-linux-x64.tar.gz&AuthParam=1500294806_06c12d94d081de7861a712452a47a2bc&ext=.gz
OR
http://javadl.oracle.com/webapps/download/AutoDL?BundleId=220305_d54c1d3a095b4ff2b6607d096fa80163

Hadoop is a framework written in java for runing applications on large clusters of commodity hardware and incorporates features similar to those of the Google File System (GFS) and of the MapReduce computing paradigm.

Hadoop’s HDFS is a highly fault-tolerant distributed file system and, like Hadoop in general, designed to be deployed on low-cost hardware. It provides high throughput access to application data and is suitable for applications that have large data sets.

Hadoop is a Java-based programming framework that supports the processing and storage of extremely large datasets on a cluster of inexpensive machines. It was the first major open source project in the big data playing field and is sponsored by the Apache Software Foundation.