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By default Audacity uses a 32bit float sample size, this gives you a huge dynamic range to work with (more than enough for LP/Cassettes). As long as the level isn't really low the variation isn't a problem.

Once you have finished recording select the whole recorded sample (Ctrl+A) and use Normalize (Effects->Normalize) with Normalize maximum amplitude set to the default of -1db. That will give you a consistent level across all your LP's.

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Very important, if the input level is too high the sound will clip (which sounds awful) pull back the level so it's well within the range. In the audacity toolbar there is there are a couple of meters, select the option I've highlighted to get an idea of the level.

With a 32bit sample size there is plenty of space to play with, by default meter display is in db which is a log scale so aim to get the level around the line between -24 and 0.

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Audacity may have 32bit internal processing, but the main thing to consider is the recording resolution, which is separate, and dependent on your soundcard. I haven't checked recently, but to my knowledge there are still no interfaces available that have a true 32 bit path. Most 24 bit cards aren't even a full 24 bits. Doesn't really matter anyway, as the dynamic range offered by an average 24 bit card will be enough for this.

In audacity settings, make sure you're recording at 24 bits. Sample rate higher than 44.1K won't make a noticeable difference in your situation. Normalize the file to -3dB, not -1dB, because mp3 conversion adds distortion that can clip. Apply dither before converting the file to 16 bit wave, don't worry about it if you're going straight to mp3.

One more thing about volume.... Normalising to the same level does not mean that you get the same perceived volume level. If you have old records and tapes that are too quiet, even after normalising, try using a compressor/limiter.

Edited July 4, 2013 by komuso

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If I'm recording it properly by connecting the headphone output on the record player to my sound card like I intend then I won't be converting to MP3. Does this change your advice? Also I couldn't find how to set it to 24 bit.

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Sure. The cartridge makes the biggest difference. After that, the arm configuration and setup are also important, but records themselves are often noisy, so beyond a certain point you see diminishing returns.

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Conversely there is also potential for hearing even more noise on a better turntable, since it's picking up the imperfections of the vinyl with greater fidelity. And regarding cleaning, even if your vinyl is perfectly clean, you can't account for impurity in the vinyl. I thought that was all supposed to be part of its charm or something.... I never grew up with vinyl, wouldn't know.

They can take 100% of the tonearm weight and not sound bad (the quality drops, but not much); this is both impressive; and useful for scratched records, as heavy needles wont usually skip as easily.

Then you look at something like the Rega Blue; which is magic at the exact pressure.

Too light and the distortion sounds digital; its fucking wierd; too heavy and it loses a lot of fidelity.

With that said, there must be some capacitor tricker or SOMETHING going on in there, because Rega's for example seem to reveal less pops and clicks despite there being an easily noticable sound stage increase. Go figure?

They're just picky as FUCK to try and set the cart to the right weight and angle. You need the penny scale and protractor. Where as the GT's just took a beating and kept loving me.

Back to audacity; if you want a set of simple instructions?

Make sure the volume is clear, but only takes up half the waveform on screen; we can amplify later.

Record everything.

Normalise whole record.

Amplify each track (allow clipping ONLY if there is a 'pop' or 'snap' thats stopping you amplifying the rest; that one sound IS ALLOWED to clip)

Listen to one and decide if it needs a SMALL bass boost, often record players do (depends on brand).

Doesnt matter if its quiet while recording, because software can fix that. Try recording some silence too, see if you have a hum. If there is a hum; google how to use 'noise removal' in audacitys features too.

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if you can find those record peels, they work MAGIC.they're like a glue you spread over the whole thing, then wait overnight, then peel it. The glue goes on clear, comes off brown. You should see the dirt it pulls from the things. http://www.aussiehifi.com.au/buy/record-re...zer-500ml/RR500This stuffDo you know how many records one bottle does?

Just found out. One 500 ml bottle of RECORD REViRGiNiZER will restore both sides of up to 16 double sided 12” LP’s. (source)