Algorithmic Solutions - problem that can be solved by a series of steps. no straight-forward solutions; more complex than just a reaction to the problem. Like baking a cake or addressing a medical emergency or performing maintenance on a machine, there are a number of parts to the solution.

Heuristic Solutions - A solution that isn't solvable with step by step directions; it requires trial and error. An educated guess fits with this kind of problem solving more adequately than with algorithmic solutions. Deciding whether to expand a company is a good example because it's based on experience and knowledge. Opinion-based choices generally require more heuristic solutions; thus, computers are not always the best tools for solving them.

Constants - Something that doesn't change. In programming/problem solving, these are the elements that form the framework for your instructions or steps in the solution. Like in Dr. Rita's example, things on a something like a receipt that are constants would include age, company name, (maybe) font, location, symbols (like a dollar sign)

Variables - something you can change or adjust based on the needs of the program. examples include integers, also things like name, date, time (on a computer or on a receipt, or any number of other things!) They serve the purpose of holding the information that will become part of the output.

Syntax Error v. Logic Error - Syntax could be an error in a single string or an error in the way you entered the instruction, which might cause the computer to misinterpret; Logic could be a problem with the process you've designed to get to the solution, or your code sucks.

Module - It can be separate and independent from the rest of your code; has one entry and one exit, one function; easier to interpret, helps organize the program; easier to troubleshoot (you can identify bugs within modules, rather than sifting through the whole code)

Positive v. Negative Logic - sequential logic can only progress when a true value is input for positive logic, only when a false value is input for negative logic

Codes v. Indicators - Codes are data to be entered by the user, while indicators are internal signals to change the processing path.