Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

Welcome!! ~ Feel free to Like & Subscribe ~
- A galaxy cluster, or cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses. They are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe and were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. One of the key features of clusters is the intracluster medium (ICM). The ICM consists of heated gas between the galaxies and has a peak temperature between 2–15 keV that is dependent on the total mass of the cluster. Galaxy clusters should not be confused with star clusters, such as open clusters, which are structures of stars within galaxies, or with globular clusters, which typically orbit galaxies. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as groups of galaxies rather than clusters of galaxies. The groups and clusters can themselves cluster together to form superclusters.
- For more interesting documentaries click https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX_3HLU68yH5hMSg8rklnyw

The distribution of galaxies in the universe is patchy. Galaxies are bound together in clusters made of stars, hot gas and invisible dark matter. These galaxy clusters are part of a cosmic web of filaments, nodes and empty voids that has been building up over 13 billion years. How do we observe this structure, and how do we use gravitational lensing and satellite X-ray observations to measure its mass? How do galaxy clusters trace the past expansion of the universe and reveal our future? This lecture highlights data from the Dark Energy Survey, today’s largest cosmic survey, to answer these questions.
About the speaker:
SLACResearch Scientist Eli Rykoff has been weighing the universe for over a decade. He received his PhD from the University of Michigan in 2005, where he built a worldwide network of automated telescopes for following gamma-ray bursts, the most energetic explosions in the universe. After graduating, he transitioned to studying galaxy clusters, which evolve over billions of years rather than fractions of seconds, and did postdoctoral research at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Rykoff moved to SLAC in 2012, where he works on galaxy cluster finding and other studies for the Dark Energy Survey and the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. He also develops educational astronomy apps for the iPhone and iPad, including CosmoCalc, a full-featured cosmological calculator, and GravLens3, a gravitational lens simulator.

published:06 Feb 2017

views:7307

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We then take a look at some of the galaxies in this supercluster including NGC 4603, NGC 4622, the unusual NGC 4650A, and NGC 4696. We then move on to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Perseus galaxy cluster within it and the remarkable galaxy NGC 1275 within it. Then we cover the Coma Supercluster with the Coma galaxy cluster at its center. We then take a look at the beautiful and wispy galaxy NGC 4921 along with NGC 4911.
Next we review the distances to some of the other local superclusters including Hercules, Leo, Shapely, Horologium, and the 1 billion light years distant Corona-Borealis Supercluster. We also cover the unusual peculiar motion superimposed on the normal Hubble flow that all the galaxies within a billion light years have. It appears that they are all moving towards a Great Attractor in the Norma or Shapley Supercluster.
Next we take a look at additional galaxies within a billion light years of us including: ESO 510 -- G13; NGC 6782; ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with a supermassive back hole in its disk; Stephan's Quintet; interacting galaxies NGC 1409 and NGC 1410; interacting galaxies ARP127 and NGC 5679; galaxy cluster Abell S0740; ESO 325-G004 with its unique gravitational lens arcs called Einstein's rings; and finish with the very interesting Hoag's Object.
We end with a map of all the superclusters where we highlight the ones we've seen and show the dot that represents our local volume.
STEM

published:19 Aug 2013

views:103373

Comparison of the entire universe. From the smallest dwarf planets, to planets, to stars, to nebulas, to galaxies and to the universe.
Songs, in order, are: "Generations", "Age of Discovery" and "Serenata Immortale".
All are made by Immediate Music.
Notes:
Some of the images on the internet was really bad so I had to make some stars and such for myself so don't complain that you can't find some images (or if you don't like them cause trust me, the alternative was much worse).
If you have a question send me a message.
Strongly recommend to watch in higher quality.
All measurements are in diameter.
Sizes aren´t completely right and they may vary in the future.
Scales in the video might not be exact but a very good estimate.

published:25 Jan 2011

views:635541

This is a little project I made testing out ShadowPlay with Space Engine for 4k record, as OBS does not like to play well when it comes to 4k recording. I have the magnitude increased for galaxies and I'm panning around the cluster Laniakea, the galactic cluster or branch that contains our very own Milky Way.
Anton Petrov has an awesome video on the details of this cluster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVRilVjgTV0
Get Space Engine for Free: http://en.spaceengine.org/
InfinitePerspective by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1500024
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

published:15 Oct 2016

views:6679

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/clusters-of-galaxies
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website.
http://www.gresham.ac.uk

Crash Course

Plot

Crash Course centers on a group of high schoolers in a driver’s education class; many for the second or third time. The recently divorced teacher, super-passive Larry Pearl, is on thin ice with the football fanatic principal, Principal Paulson, who is being pressured by the district superintendent to raise driver’s education completion rates or lose his coveted football program. With this in mind, Principal Paulson and his assistant, with a secret desire for his job, Abner Frasier, hire an outside driver’s education instructor with a very tough reputation, Edna Savage, aka E.W. Savage, who quickly takes control of the class.

The plot focuses mostly on the students and their interactions with their teachers and each other. In the beginning, Rico is the loner with just a few friends, Chadley is the bookish nerd with few friends who longs to be cool and also longs to be a part of Vanessa’s life who is the young, friendly and attractive girl who had to fake her mother’s signature on her driver’s education permission slip. Kichi is the hip-hop Asian kid who often raps what he has to say and constantly flirts with Maria, the rich foreign girl who thinks that the right-of-way on the roadways always goes to (insert awesomely fake foreign Latino accent) “my father’s limo”. Finally you have stereotypical football meathead J.J., who needs to pass his English exam to keep his eligibility and constantly asks out and gets rejected by Alice, the tomboy whose father owns “Santini & Son” Concrete Company. Alice is portrayed as being the “son” her father wanted.

Laniakea: Our home supercluster

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

43:38

THE COSMIC WEB - The Infinity of Space EXPLAINED as Filaments of Galactic Clusters - FULL

THE COSMIC WEB - The Infinity of Space EXPLAINED as Filaments of Galactic Clusters - FULL

THE COSMIC WEB - The Infinity of Space EXPLAINED as Filaments of Galactic Clusters - FULL

Welcome!! ~ Feel free to Like & Subscribe ~
- A galaxy cluster, or cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses. They are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe and were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. One of the key features of clusters is the intracluster medium (ICM). The ICM consists of heated gas between the galaxies and has a peak temperature between 2–15 keV that is dependent on the total mass of the cluster. Galaxy clusters should not be confused with star clusters, such as open clusters, which are structures of stars within galaxies, or with globular clusters, which typically orbit galaxies. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as groups of galaxies rather than clusters of galaxies. The groups and clusters can themselves cluster together to form superclusters.
- For more interesting documentaries click https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX_3HLU68yH5hMSg8rklnyw

Public Lecture | Galaxy Clusters and the Life and Death of the Universe

Public Lecture | Galaxy Clusters and the Life and Death of the Universe

Public Lecture | Galaxy Clusters and the Life and Death of the Universe

The distribution of galaxies in the universe is patchy. Galaxies are bound together in clusters made of stars, hot gas and invisible dark matter. These galaxy clusters are part of a cosmic web of filaments, nodes and empty voids that has been building up over 13 billion years. How do we observe this structure, and how do we use gravitational lensing and satellite X-ray observations to measure its mass? How do galaxy clusters trace the past expansion of the universe and reveal our future? This lecture highlights data from the Dark Energy Survey, today’s largest cosmic survey, to answer these questions.
About the speaker:
SLACResearch Scientist Eli Rykoff has been weighing the universe for over a decade. He received his PhD from the University of Michigan in 2005, where he built a worldwide network of automated telescopes for following gamma-ray bursts, the most energetic explosions in the universe. After graduating, he transitioned to studying galaxy clusters, which evolve over billions of years rather than fractions of seconds, and did postdoctoral research at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Rykoff moved to SLAC in 2012, where he works on galaxy cluster finding and other studies for the Dark Energy Survey and the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. He also develops educational astronomy apps for the iPhone and iPad, including CosmoCalc, a full-featured cosmological calculator, and GravLens3, a gravitational lens simulator.

19:54

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We then take a look at some of the galaxies in this supercluster including NGC 4603, NGC 4622, the unusual NGC 4650A, and NGC 4696. We then move on to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Perseus galaxy cluster within it and the remarkable galaxy NGC 1275 within it. Then we cover the Coma Supercluster with the Coma galaxy cluster at its center. We then take a look at the beautiful and wispy galaxy NGC 4921 along with NGC 4911.
Next we review the distances to some of the other local superclusters including Hercules, Leo, Shapely, Horologium, and the 1 billion light years distant Corona-Borealis Supercluster. We also cover the unusual peculiar motion superimposed on the normal Hubble flow that all the galaxies within a billion light years have. It appears that they are all moving towards a Great Attractor in the Norma or Shapley Supercluster.
Next we take a look at additional galaxies within a billion light years of us including: ESO 510 -- G13; NGC 6782; ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with a supermassive back hole in its disk; Stephan's Quintet; interacting galaxies NGC 1409 and NGC 1410; interacting galaxies ARP127 and NGC 5679; galaxy cluster Abell S0740; ESO 325-G004 with its unique gravitational lens arcs called Einstein's rings; and finish with the very interesting Hoag's Object.
We end with a map of all the superclusters where we highlight the ones we've seen and show the dot that represents our local volume.
STEM

Comparison of the entire universe. From the smallest dwarf planets, to planets, to stars, to nebulas, to galaxies and to the universe.
Songs, in order, are: "Generations", "Age of Discovery" and "Serenata Immortale".
All are made by Immediate Music.
Notes:
Some of the images on the internet was really bad so I had to make some stars and such for myself so don't complain that you can't find some images (or if you don't like them cause trust me, the alternative was much worse).
If you have a question send me a message.
Strongly recommend to watch in higher quality.
All measurements are in diameter.
Sizes aren´t completely right and they may vary in the future.
Scales in the video might not be exact but a very good estimate.

2:11

Laniakea Super Cluster in 4K | Space Engine

Laniakea Super Cluster in 4K | Space Engine

Laniakea Super Cluster in 4K | Space Engine

This is a little project I made testing out ShadowPlay with Space Engine for 4k record, as OBS does not like to play well when it comes to 4k recording. I have the magnitude increased for galaxies and I'm panning around the cluster Laniakea, the galactic cluster or branch that contains our very own Milky Way.
Anton Petrov has an awesome video on the details of this cluster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVRilVjgTV0
Get Space Engine for Free: http://en.spaceengine.org/
InfinitePerspective by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1500024
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

1:00:08

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/clusters-of-galaxies
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website.
http://www.gresham.ac.uk

Hubble: Zoom Into Galaxy Cluster MACS 1206 [1080p]

The NASA/ESAHubble Space Telescope has been used to make an image of galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847. The apparently distorted shapes of distant galaxies in the background is caused by an invisible substance called dark matter, whose gravity bends and distorts their light rays. MACS 1206 has been observed as part of a new survey of galaxy clusters using Hubble.
Cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 (or MACS 1206 for short) is one of the first targets in a Hubble survey that will allow astronomers to construct the highly detailed dark matter maps of more galaxy clusters than ever before. These maps are being used to test previous but surprising results that suggest that dark matter is more densely packed inside clusters than some models predict. This might mean that galaxy cluster assembly began earlier than commonly thought.
The Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) probes, with unparalleled precision, the distribution of dark matter in 25 massive clusters of galaxies. So far, the CLASH team has observed six of the 25 clusters.
Dark matter makes up the bulk of the Universe's mass, yet it can only be detected by measuring how its gravity tugs on visible matter and warps the fabric of space-time like a fairground mirror so that the light from distant objects is distorted.
Galaxy clusters like MACS 1206 are perfect laboratories for studying dark matter's gravitational effects because they are the most massive structures in the Universe to be held together by gravity. Because of their immense gravitational pull, the clusters act like giant cosmic lenses, amplifying, distorting and bending any light that passes through them — an effect known as gravitational lensing.
Lensing effects can also produce multiple images of the same distant object, as is evident in this Hubble picture. In particular, the apparent numbers and shapes of the distant galaxies far beyond a galaxy cluster become distorted as the light passes through, yielding a visible measurement of how much mass there is in the intervening cluster, and how it is distributed. The substantial lensing distortions seen are proof that the dominant mass component of the clusters is dark matter. The distortions would be far weaker if the clusters' gravity came only from visible matter.
credit: NASA, ESA, Digitzed Sky Survey 2, M. Postman (STScI) and the CLASH Survey Team; music: John Dyson (from the album Moonwind)
source: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1115a/

Galaxy Cluster Evolution over the Past 10 Billion Years

Michael McDonaldMITHost:
Francesca Civano
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of known galaxy clusters has grown dramatically, thanks in large part to the success of surveys utilizing the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect. In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). In this talk, I will highlight recent efforts to understand the observed evolution in the most massive clusters, focusing on the evolving dynamical state of clusters, the evolving metallicity of the intracluster gas, the assembly history of the central giant elliptical galaxy, and the effects of the central supermassive black hole on the evolution of the cluster core. In addition, I will attempt summarize the current state of galaxy cluster surveys and briefly discuss the potential of next-generation surveys.

5:18

Fornax Galaxy Clusters

Fornax Galaxy Clusters

Fornax Galaxy Clusters

New observations of four globular clusters in the Fornax dwarf galaxy have called into question one of the leading theories about how these clusters form. This video explains the mystery behind these objects and how it is deepened by these new findings.

Galaxy Clusters

Presented by Maciej Soltynski, at the 2012ASSASymposium, 2012 October 13, SAAO, Cape Town.
Discusses the nature and formation of galaxy clusters and how observations involving galaxy clusters have already, and will in the future, contribute to our understanding of dark energy.
Visit the official symposium website for further details:
http://symposium2012.assa.saao.ac.za

46:40

Episode 9 - Exploring Galaxy Clusters

Episode 9 - Exploring Galaxy Clusters

Episode 9 - Exploring Galaxy Clusters

If a galaxy consists of billions of stars, imagine what clusters of galaxies contain? We are exploring the Hydra cluster and HCG 63, the former containing more than 100 galaxies and the latter is a quartet.
Files can be downloaded at https://go.itelescope.net/Video/SkyTour/20170408-Episode9.zip
All information on SkyTours : http://support.itelescope.net/support/solutions/folders/272499
subscribe to our news : http://itelescope.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=36b4e32ee1a576c773b1ff086&id=4e7c10845a
In order to comment in an episode, you need to have a YouTube account. This is how to do it https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_y7rrfftbk

Laniakea: Our home supercluster

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

published: 03 Sep 2014

THE COSMIC WEB - The Infinity of Space EXPLAINED as Filaments of Galactic Clusters - FULL

Welcome!! ~ Feel free to Like & Subscribe ~
- A galaxy cluster, or cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses. They are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe and were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. One of the key features of clusters is the intracluster medium (ICM). The ICM consists of heated gas between the galaxies and has a peak temperature between 2–15 keV that is dependent on the total mass of the cluster. Galaxy clusters should not be confused with star clusters, such as open clusters, which are structures of stars within galax...

Public Lecture | Galaxy Clusters and the Life and Death of the Universe

The distribution of galaxies in the universe is patchy. Galaxies are bound together in clusters made of stars, hot gas and invisible dark matter. These galaxy clusters are part of a cosmic web of filaments, nodes and empty voids that has been building up over 13 billion years. How do we observe this structure, and how do we use gravitational lensing and satellite X-ray observations to measure its mass? How do galaxy clusters trace the past expansion of the universe and reveal our future? This lecture highlights data from the Dark Energy Survey, today’s largest cosmic survey, to answer these questions.
About the speaker:
SLACResearch Scientist Eli Rykoff has been weighing the universe for over a decade. He received his PhD from the University of Michigan in 2005, where he built a worldw...

published: 06 Feb 2017

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We t...

Comparison of the entire universe. From the smallest dwarf planets, to planets, to stars, to nebulas, to galaxies and to the universe.
Songs, in order, are: "Generations", "Age of Discovery" and "Serenata Immortale".
All are made by Immediate Music.
Notes:
Some of the images on the internet was really bad so I had to make some stars and such for myself so don't complain that you can't find some images (or if you don't like them cause trust me, the alternative was much worse).
If you have a question send me a message.
Strongly recommend to watch in higher quality.
All measurements are in diameter.
Sizes aren´t completely right and they may vary in the future.
Scales in the video might not be exact but a very good estimate.

published: 25 Jan 2011

Laniakea Super Cluster in 4K | Space Engine

This is a little project I made testing out ShadowPlay with Space Engine for 4k record, as OBS does not like to play well when it comes to 4k recording. I have the magnitude increased for galaxies and I'm panning around the cluster Laniakea, the galactic cluster or branch that contains our very own Milky Way.
Anton Petrov has an awesome video on the details of this cluster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVRilVjgTV0
Get Space Engine for Free: http://en.spaceengine.org/
InfinitePerspective by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1500024
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

published: 15 Oct 2016

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk...

Hubble: Zoom Into Galaxy Cluster MACS 1206 [1080p]

The NASA/ESAHubble Space Telescope has been used to make an image of galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847. The apparently distorted shapes of distant galaxies in the background is caused by an invisible substance called dark matter, whose gravity bends and distorts their light rays. MACS 1206 has been observed as part of a new survey of galaxy clusters using Hubble.
Cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 (or MACS 1206 for short) is one of the first targets in a Hubble survey that will allow astronomers to construct the highly detailed dark matter maps of more galaxy clusters than ever before. These maps are being used to test previous but surprising results that suggest that dark matter is more densely packed inside clusters than some models predict. This might mean that galaxy cluster assembly began e...

Galaxy Cluster Evolution over the Past 10 Billion Years

Michael McDonaldMITHost:
Francesca Civano
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of known galaxy clusters has grown dramatically, thanks in large part to the success of surveys utilizing the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect. In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). In this talk, I will highlight recent efforts to understand the observed evolution in the most massive clusters, focusing on the evolving dynamical state of clusters, the evolving metallicity of the intracluster gas, the assembly history of the central giant elliptical galaxy, and the effects of the central supermassive black hole...

published: 30 Nov 2017

Fornax Galaxy Clusters

New observations of four globular clusters in the Fornax dwarf galaxy have called into question one of the leading theories about how these clusters form. This video explains the mystery behind these objects and how it is deepened by these new findings.

published: 20 Nov 2014

Universe Size Comparison 3D

Size comparison of the entire universe 2017 in 3D. From the fabric of space-time itself, we journey outwards to subatomic elementary particles, to atoms, molecules, viruses, bacteria, cells, animals, planes, ships, buildings, mountains, countries, moons, planets, stars, solar systems, black holes, nebulas, galaxies, superclusters, supercluster-complex and finally the universe, but it goes beyond that...Thanks for everyone's support that we've managed to hit 100K subscribers (actually 125K now). Please like and share this video if you find it interesting and we'll continue making videos like this. This is the first of it's kind video which is incredibly hard to create due to the overload of resources. It took our team over 1000 hours across 6 months to do and we could not have done it wi...

published: 12 Mar 2017

Galaxy Clusters

Presented by Maciej Soltynski, at the 2012ASSASymposium, 2012 October 13, SAAO, Cape Town.
Discusses the nature and formation of galaxy clusters and how observations involving galaxy clusters have already, and will in the future, contribute to our understanding of dark energy.
Visit the official symposium website for further details:
http://symposium2012.assa.saao.ac.za

published: 19 Oct 2012

Episode 9 - Exploring Galaxy Clusters

If a galaxy consists of billions of stars, imagine what clusters of galaxies contain? We are exploring the Hydra cluster and HCG 63, the former containing more than 100 galaxies and the latter is a quartet.
Files can be downloaded at https://go.itelescope.net/Video/SkyTour/20170408-Episode9.zip
All information on SkyTours : http://support.itelescope.net/support/solutions/folders/272499
subscribe to our news : http://itelescope.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=36b4e32ee1a576c773b1ff086&id=4e7c10845a
In order to comment in an episode, you need to have a YouTube account. This is how to do it https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_y7rrfftbk

Laniakea: Our home supercluster

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exa...

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

published:03 Sep 2014

views:5801649

back

THE COSMIC WEB - The Infinity of Space EXPLAINED as Filaments of Galactic Clusters - FULL

Welcome!! ~ Feel free to Like & Subscribe ~
- A galaxy cluster, or cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses. They are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe and were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. One of the key features of clusters is the intracluster medium (ICM). The ICM consists of heated gas between the galaxies and has a peak temperature between 2–15 keV that is dependent on the total mass of the cluster. Galaxy clusters should not be confused with star clusters, such as open clusters, which are structures of stars within galaxies, or with globular clusters, which typically orbit galaxies. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as groups of galaxies rather than clusters of galaxies. The groups and clusters can themselves cluster together to form superclusters.
- For more interesting documentaries click https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX_3HLU68yH5hMSg8rklnyw

Welcome!! ~ Feel free to Like & Subscribe ~
- A galaxy cluster, or cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses. They are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe and were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. One of the key features of clusters is the intracluster medium (ICM). The ICM consists of heated gas between the galaxies and has a peak temperature between 2–15 keV that is dependent on the total mass of the cluster. Galaxy clusters should not be confused with star clusters, such as open clusters, which are structures of stars within galaxies, or with globular clusters, which typically orbit galaxies. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as groups of galaxies rather than clusters of galaxies. The groups and clusters can themselves cluster together to form superclusters.
- For more interesting documentaries click https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX_3HLU68yH5hMSg8rklnyw

Public Lecture | Galaxy Clusters and the Life and Death of the Universe

The distribution of galaxies in the universe is patchy. Galaxies are bound together in clusters made of stars, hot gas and invisible dark matter. These galaxy c...

The distribution of galaxies in the universe is patchy. Galaxies are bound together in clusters made of stars, hot gas and invisible dark matter. These galaxy clusters are part of a cosmic web of filaments, nodes and empty voids that has been building up over 13 billion years. How do we observe this structure, and how do we use gravitational lensing and satellite X-ray observations to measure its mass? How do galaxy clusters trace the past expansion of the universe and reveal our future? This lecture highlights data from the Dark Energy Survey, today’s largest cosmic survey, to answer these questions.
About the speaker:
SLACResearch Scientist Eli Rykoff has been weighing the universe for over a decade. He received his PhD from the University of Michigan in 2005, where he built a worldwide network of automated telescopes for following gamma-ray bursts, the most energetic explosions in the universe. After graduating, he transitioned to studying galaxy clusters, which evolve over billions of years rather than fractions of seconds, and did postdoctoral research at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Rykoff moved to SLAC in 2012, where he works on galaxy cluster finding and other studies for the Dark Energy Survey and the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. He also develops educational astronomy apps for the iPhone and iPad, including CosmoCalc, a full-featured cosmological calculator, and GravLens3, a gravitational lens simulator.

The distribution of galaxies in the universe is patchy. Galaxies are bound together in clusters made of stars, hot gas and invisible dark matter. These galaxy clusters are part of a cosmic web of filaments, nodes and empty voids that has been building up over 13 billion years. How do we observe this structure, and how do we use gravitational lensing and satellite X-ray observations to measure its mass? How do galaxy clusters trace the past expansion of the universe and reveal our future? This lecture highlights data from the Dark Energy Survey, today’s largest cosmic survey, to answer these questions.
About the speaker:
SLACResearch Scientist Eli Rykoff has been weighing the universe for over a decade. He received his PhD from the University of Michigan in 2005, where he built a worldwide network of automated telescopes for following gamma-ray bursts, the most energetic explosions in the universe. After graduating, he transitioned to studying galaxy clusters, which evolve over billions of years rather than fractions of seconds, and did postdoctoral research at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Rykoff moved to SLAC in 2012, where he works on galaxy cluster finding and other studies for the Dark Energy Survey and the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. He also develops educational astronomy apps for the iPhone and iPad, including CosmoCalc, a full-featured cosmological calculator, and GravLens3, a gravitational lens simulator.

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Vi...

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We then take a look at some of the galaxies in this supercluster including NGC 4603, NGC 4622, the unusual NGC 4650A, and NGC 4696. We then move on to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Perseus galaxy cluster within it and the remarkable galaxy NGC 1275 within it. Then we cover the Coma Supercluster with the Coma galaxy cluster at its center. We then take a look at the beautiful and wispy galaxy NGC 4921 along with NGC 4911.
Next we review the distances to some of the other local superclusters including Hercules, Leo, Shapely, Horologium, and the 1 billion light years distant Corona-Borealis Supercluster. We also cover the unusual peculiar motion superimposed on the normal Hubble flow that all the galaxies within a billion light years have. It appears that they are all moving towards a Great Attractor in the Norma or Shapley Supercluster.
Next we take a look at additional galaxies within a billion light years of us including: ESO 510 -- G13; NGC 6782; ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with a supermassive back hole in its disk; Stephan's Quintet; interacting galaxies NGC 1409 and NGC 1410; interacting galaxies ARP127 and NGC 5679; galaxy cluster Abell S0740; ESO 325-G004 with its unique gravitational lens arcs called Einstein's rings; and finish with the very interesting Hoag's Object.
We end with a map of all the superclusters where we highlight the ones we've seen and show the dot that represents our local volume.
STEM

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We then take a look at some of the galaxies in this supercluster including NGC 4603, NGC 4622, the unusual NGC 4650A, and NGC 4696. We then move on to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Perseus galaxy cluster within it and the remarkable galaxy NGC 1275 within it. Then we cover the Coma Supercluster with the Coma galaxy cluster at its center. We then take a look at the beautiful and wispy galaxy NGC 4921 along with NGC 4911.
Next we review the distances to some of the other local superclusters including Hercules, Leo, Shapely, Horologium, and the 1 billion light years distant Corona-Borealis Supercluster. We also cover the unusual peculiar motion superimposed on the normal Hubble flow that all the galaxies within a billion light years have. It appears that they are all moving towards a Great Attractor in the Norma or Shapley Supercluster.
Next we take a look at additional galaxies within a billion light years of us including: ESO 510 -- G13; NGC 6782; ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with a supermassive back hole in its disk; Stephan's Quintet; interacting galaxies NGC 1409 and NGC 1410; interacting galaxies ARP127 and NGC 5679; galaxy cluster Abell S0740; ESO 325-G004 with its unique gravitational lens arcs called Einstein's rings; and finish with the very interesting Hoag's Object.
We end with a map of all the superclusters where we highlight the ones we've seen and show the dot that represents our local volume.
STEM

Comparison of the entire universe. From the smallest dwarf planets, to planets, to stars, to nebulas, to galaxies and to the universe.
Songs, in order, are:...

Comparison of the entire universe. From the smallest dwarf planets, to planets, to stars, to nebulas, to galaxies and to the universe.
Songs, in order, are: "Generations", "Age of Discovery" and "Serenata Immortale".
All are made by Immediate Music.
Notes:
Some of the images on the internet was really bad so I had to make some stars and such for myself so don't complain that you can't find some images (or if you don't like them cause trust me, the alternative was much worse).
If you have a question send me a message.
Strongly recommend to watch in higher quality.
All measurements are in diameter.
Sizes aren´t completely right and they may vary in the future.
Scales in the video might not be exact but a very good estimate.

Comparison of the entire universe. From the smallest dwarf planets, to planets, to stars, to nebulas, to galaxies and to the universe.
Songs, in order, are: "Generations", "Age of Discovery" and "Serenata Immortale".
All are made by Immediate Music.
Notes:
Some of the images on the internet was really bad so I had to make some stars and such for myself so don't complain that you can't find some images (or if you don't like them cause trust me, the alternative was much worse).
If you have a question send me a message.
Strongly recommend to watch in higher quality.
All measurements are in diameter.
Sizes aren´t completely right and they may vary in the future.
Scales in the video might not be exact but a very good estimate.

Laniakea Super Cluster in 4K | Space Engine

This is a little project I made testing out ShadowPlay with Space Engine for 4k record, as OBS does not like to play well when it comes to 4k recording. I have ...

This is a little project I made testing out ShadowPlay with Space Engine for 4k record, as OBS does not like to play well when it comes to 4k recording. I have the magnitude increased for galaxies and I'm panning around the cluster Laniakea, the galactic cluster or branch that contains our very own Milky Way.
Anton Petrov has an awesome video on the details of this cluster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVRilVjgTV0
Get Space Engine for Free: http://en.spaceengine.org/
InfinitePerspective by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1500024
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

This is a little project I made testing out ShadowPlay with Space Engine for 4k record, as OBS does not like to play well when it comes to 4k recording. I have the magnitude increased for galaxies and I'm panning around the cluster Laniakea, the galactic cluster or branch that contains our very own Milky Way.
Anton Petrov has an awesome video on the details of this cluster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVRilVjgTV0
Get Space Engine for Free: http://en.spaceengine.org/
InfinitePerspective by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1500024
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a ...

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/clusters-of-galaxies
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website.
http://www.gresham.ac.uk

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/clusters-of-galaxies
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website.
http://www.gresham.ac.uk

The NASA/ESAHubble Space Telescope has been used to make an image of galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847. The apparently distorted shapes of distant galaxies in the background is caused by an invisible substance called dark matter, whose gravity bends and distorts their light rays. MACS 1206 has been observed as part of a new survey of galaxy clusters using Hubble.
Cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 (or MACS 1206 for short) is one of the first targets in a Hubble survey that will allow astronomers to construct the highly detailed dark matter maps of more galaxy clusters than ever before. These maps are being used to test previous but surprising results that suggest that dark matter is more densely packed inside clusters than some models predict. This might mean that galaxy cluster assembly began earlier than commonly thought.
The Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) probes, with unparalleled precision, the distribution of dark matter in 25 massive clusters of galaxies. So far, the CLASH team has observed six of the 25 clusters.
Dark matter makes up the bulk of the Universe's mass, yet it can only be detected by measuring how its gravity tugs on visible matter and warps the fabric of space-time like a fairground mirror so that the light from distant objects is distorted.
Galaxy clusters like MACS 1206 are perfect laboratories for studying dark matter's gravitational effects because they are the most massive structures in the Universe to be held together by gravity. Because of their immense gravitational pull, the clusters act like giant cosmic lenses, amplifying, distorting and bending any light that passes through them — an effect known as gravitational lensing.
Lensing effects can also produce multiple images of the same distant object, as is evident in this Hubble picture. In particular, the apparent numbers and shapes of the distant galaxies far beyond a galaxy cluster become distorted as the light passes through, yielding a visible measurement of how much mass there is in the intervening cluster, and how it is distributed. The substantial lensing distortions seen are proof that the dominant mass component of the clusters is dark matter. The distortions would be far weaker if the clusters' gravity came only from visible matter.
credit: NASA, ESA, Digitzed Sky Survey 2, M. Postman (STScI) and the CLASH Survey Team; music: John Dyson (from the album Moonwind)
source: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1115a/

The NASA/ESAHubble Space Telescope has been used to make an image of galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847. The apparently distorted shapes of distant galaxies in the background is caused by an invisible substance called dark matter, whose gravity bends and distorts their light rays. MACS 1206 has been observed as part of a new survey of galaxy clusters using Hubble.
Cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 (or MACS 1206 for short) is one of the first targets in a Hubble survey that will allow astronomers to construct the highly detailed dark matter maps of more galaxy clusters than ever before. These maps are being used to test previous but surprising results that suggest that dark matter is more densely packed inside clusters than some models predict. This might mean that galaxy cluster assembly began earlier than commonly thought.
The Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) probes, with unparalleled precision, the distribution of dark matter in 25 massive clusters of galaxies. So far, the CLASH team has observed six of the 25 clusters.
Dark matter makes up the bulk of the Universe's mass, yet it can only be detected by measuring how its gravity tugs on visible matter and warps the fabric of space-time like a fairground mirror so that the light from distant objects is distorted.
Galaxy clusters like MACS 1206 are perfect laboratories for studying dark matter's gravitational effects because they are the most massive structures in the Universe to be held together by gravity. Because of their immense gravitational pull, the clusters act like giant cosmic lenses, amplifying, distorting and bending any light that passes through them — an effect known as gravitational lensing.
Lensing effects can also produce multiple images of the same distant object, as is evident in this Hubble picture. In particular, the apparent numbers and shapes of the distant galaxies far beyond a galaxy cluster become distorted as the light passes through, yielding a visible measurement of how much mass there is in the intervening cluster, and how it is distributed. The substantial lensing distortions seen are proof that the dominant mass component of the clusters is dark matter. The distortions would be far weaker if the clusters' gravity came only from visible matter.
credit: NASA, ESA, Digitzed Sky Survey 2, M. Postman (STScI) and the CLASH Survey Team; music: John Dyson (from the album Moonwind)
source: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1115a/

Michael McDonaldMITHost:
Francesca Civano
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of known galaxy clusters has grown dramatically, thanks in large part to the success of surveys utilizing the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect. In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). In this talk, I will highlight recent efforts to understand the observed evolution in the most massive clusters, focusing on the evolving dynamical state of clusters, the evolving metallicity of the intracluster gas, the assembly history of the central giant elliptical galaxy, and the effects of the central supermassive black hole on the evolution of the cluster core. In addition, I will attempt summarize the current state of galaxy cluster surveys and briefly discuss the potential of next-generation surveys.

Michael McDonaldMITHost:
Francesca Civano
Abstract:
In recent years, the number of known galaxy clusters has grown dramatically, thanks in large part to the success of surveys utilizing the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect. In particular, surveys like the South Pole Telescope2500 deg^2 survey have discovered hundreds of distant clusters, allowing us to trace for the first time the evolution of clusters from shortly after their collapse (z~2) to present day (z~0). In this talk, I will highlight recent efforts to understand the observed evolution in the most massive clusters, focusing on the evolving dynamical state of clusters, the evolving metallicity of the intracluster gas, the assembly history of the central giant elliptical galaxy, and the effects of the central supermassive black hole on the evolution of the cluster core. In addition, I will attempt summarize the current state of galaxy cluster surveys and briefly discuss the potential of next-generation surveys.

Fornax Galaxy Clusters

New observations of four globular clusters in the Fornax dwarf galaxy have called into question one of the leading theories about how these clusters form. This ...

New observations of four globular clusters in the Fornax dwarf galaxy have called into question one of the leading theories about how these clusters form. This video explains the mystery behind these objects and how it is deepened by these new findings.

New observations of four globular clusters in the Fornax dwarf galaxy have called into question one of the leading theories about how these clusters form. This video explains the mystery behind these objects and how it is deepened by these new findings.

Presented by Maciej Soltynski, at the 2012ASSASymposium, 2012 October 13, SAAO, Cape Town.
Discusses the nature and formation of galaxy clusters and how observations involving galaxy clusters have already, and will in the future, contribute to our understanding of dark energy.
Visit the official symposium website for further details:
http://symposium2012.assa.saao.ac.za

Presented by Maciej Soltynski, at the 2012ASSASymposium, 2012 October 13, SAAO, Cape Town.
Discusses the nature and formation of galaxy clusters and how observations involving galaxy clusters have already, and will in the future, contribute to our understanding of dark energy.
Visit the official symposium website for further details:
http://symposium2012.assa.saao.ac.za

Episode 9 - Exploring Galaxy Clusters

If a galaxy consists of billions of stars, imagine what clusters of galaxies contain? We are exploring the Hydra cluster and HCG 63, the former containing more ...

If a galaxy consists of billions of stars, imagine what clusters of galaxies contain? We are exploring the Hydra cluster and HCG 63, the former containing more than 100 galaxies and the latter is a quartet.
Files can be downloaded at https://go.itelescope.net/Video/SkyTour/20170408-Episode9.zip
All information on SkyTours : http://support.itelescope.net/support/solutions/folders/272499
subscribe to our news : http://itelescope.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=36b4e32ee1a576c773b1ff086&id=4e7c10845a
In order to comment in an episode, you need to have a YouTube account. This is how to do it https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_y7rrfftbk

If a galaxy consists of billions of stars, imagine what clusters of galaxies contain? We are exploring the Hydra cluster and HCG 63, the former containing more than 100 galaxies and the latter is a quartet.
Files can be downloaded at https://go.itelescope.net/Video/SkyTour/20170408-Episode9.zip
All information on SkyTours : http://support.itelescope.net/support/solutions/folders/272499
subscribe to our news : http://itelescope.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=36b4e32ee1a576c773b1ff086&id=4e7c10845a
In order to comment in an episode, you need to have a YouTube account. This is how to do it https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_y7rrfftbk

Laniakea: Our home supercluster

Superclusters – regions of space that are densely packed with galaxies – are the biggest structures in the Universe. But scientists have struggled to define exactly where one supercluster ends and another begins. Now, a team based in Hawaii has come up with a new technique that maps the Universe according to the flow of galaxies across space. Redrawing the boundaries of the cosmic map, they redefine our home supercluster and name it Laniakea, which means ‘immeasurable heaven’ in Hawaiian.
Read the research paper: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature13674
Read Nature's news story: http://www.nature.com/news/earth-s-new-address-solar-system-milky-way-laniakea-1.15819

43:38

THE COSMIC WEB - The Infinity of Space EXPLAINED as Filaments of Galactic Clusters - FULL

THE COSMIC WEB - The Infinity of Space EXPLAINED as Filaments of Galactic Clusters - FULL

Welcome!! ~ Feel free to Like & Subscribe ~
- A galaxy cluster, or cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity with typical masses ranging from 1014–1015 solar masses. They are the largest known gravitationally bound structures in the universe and were believed to be the largest known structures in the universe until the 1980s, when superclusters were discovered. One of the key features of clusters is the intracluster medium (ICM). The ICM consists of heated gas between the galaxies and has a peak temperature between 2–15 keV that is dependent on the total mass of the cluster. Galaxy clusters should not be confused with star clusters, such as open clusters, which are structures of stars within galaxies, or with globular clusters, which typically orbit galaxies. Small aggregates of galaxies are referred to as groups of galaxies rather than clusters of galaxies. The groups and clusters can themselves cluster together to form superclusters.
- For more interesting documentaries click https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX_3HLU68yH5hMSg8rklnyw

9:10

Stars, Galaxies, Galaxy Clusters, and Superclusters

Cameron Gibelyou of the University of Michigan Physics Department explains the astronomica...

Public Lecture | Galaxy Clusters and the Life and Death of the Universe

The distribution of galaxies in the universe is patchy. Galaxies are bound together in clusters made of stars, hot gas and invisible dark matter. These galaxy clusters are part of a cosmic web of filaments, nodes and empty voids that has been building up over 13 billion years. How do we observe this structure, and how do we use gravitational lensing and satellite X-ray observations to measure its mass? How do galaxy clusters trace the past expansion of the universe and reveal our future? This lecture highlights data from the Dark Energy Survey, today’s largest cosmic survey, to answer these questions.
About the speaker:
SLACResearch Scientist Eli Rykoff has been weighing the universe for over a decade. He received his PhD from the University of Michigan in 2005, where he built a worldwide network of automated telescopes for following gamma-ray bursts, the most energetic explosions in the universe. After graduating, he transitioned to studying galaxy clusters, which evolve over billions of years rather than fractions of seconds, and did postdoctoral research at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Rykoff moved to SLAC in 2012, where he works on galaxy cluster finding and other studies for the Dark Energy Survey and the upcoming Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. He also develops educational astronomy apps for the iPhone and iPad, including CosmoCalc, a full-featured cosmological calculator, and GravLens3, a gravitational lens simulator.

19:54

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" ...

How Far Away Is It - 14 - Local Superclusters (1080p)

Text at http://howfarawayisit.com/documents/
In this segment of our "How far away is it" video book, we cover the superclusters closest to our supercluster, Virgo.
First we discuss the overall structure of the nearest 20 superclusters and illustrate the galactic structures of galaxy filaments, walls and voids including: the Sculuptor void; the Perseus-Pegasus filament; the Fornax, Centaurus, and Sculptor walls as well as the Great Wall or Coma wall. Then we take a look at several of these superclusters and some of the galaxies in each one we examine.
We start with the Hydra Supercluster with the HydraGalaxy Cluster at its center. We examine NGC2314, a rare double aligned pair of galaxies. We then move to the Centaurus Supercluster with the Centaurus Galaxy Cluster at its center. We then take a look at some of the galaxies in this supercluster including NGC 4603, NGC 4622, the unusual NGC 4650A, and NGC 4696. We then move on to the Perseus-Pisces Supercluster and the Perseus galaxy cluster within it and the remarkable galaxy NGC 1275 within it. Then we cover the Coma Supercluster with the Coma galaxy cluster at its center. We then take a look at the beautiful and wispy galaxy NGC 4921 along with NGC 4911.
Next we review the distances to some of the other local superclusters including Hercules, Leo, Shapely, Horologium, and the 1 billion light years distant Corona-Borealis Supercluster. We also cover the unusual peculiar motion superimposed on the normal Hubble flow that all the galaxies within a billion light years have. It appears that they are all moving towards a Great Attractor in the Norma or Shapley Supercluster.
Next we take a look at additional galaxies within a billion light years of us including: ESO 510 -- G13; NGC 6782; ESO 243-49 HLX-1 with a supermassive back hole in its disk; Stephan's Quintet; interacting galaxies NGC 1409 and NGC 1410; interacting galaxies ARP127 and NGC 5679; galaxy cluster Abell S0740; ESO 325-G004 with its unique gravitational lens arcs called Einstein's rings; and finish with the very interesting Hoag's Object.
We end with a map of all the superclusters where we highlight the ones we've seen and show the dot that represents our local volume.
STEM

Comparison of the entire universe. From the smallest dwarf planets, to planets, to stars, to nebulas, to galaxies and to the universe.
Songs, in order, are: "Generations", "Age of Discovery" and "Serenata Immortale".
All are made by Immediate Music.
Notes:
Some of the images on the internet was really bad so I had to make some stars and such for myself so don't complain that you can't find some images (or if you don't like them cause trust me, the alternative was much worse).
If you have a question send me a message.
Strongly recommend to watch in higher quality.
All measurements are in diameter.
Sizes aren´t completely right and they may vary in the future.
Scales in the video might not be exact but a very good estimate.

2:11

Laniakea Super Cluster in 4K | Space Engine

This is a little project I made testing out ShadowPlay with Space Engine for 4k record, as...

Laniakea Super Cluster in 4K | Space Engine

This is a little project I made testing out ShadowPlay with Space Engine for 4k record, as OBS does not like to play well when it comes to 4k recording. I have the magnitude increased for galaxies and I'm panning around the cluster Laniakea, the galactic cluster or branch that contains our very own Milky Way.
Anton Petrov has an awesome video on the details of this cluster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVRilVjgTV0
Get Space Engine for Free: http://en.spaceengine.org/
InfinitePerspective by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1500024
Artist: http://incompetech.com/

1:00:08

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear grav...

Clusters Of Galaxies - Professor Carolin Crawford

Clusters of galaxies are the largest organised structures in the Universe that appear gravitationally bound, containing thousands of galaxies all confined to a volume of space only tens of millions of light years across. They are laboratories for extreme galaxy evolution, as many of the processes that can change the structure of galaxies are accelerated in such a crowded environment. Clusters of galaxies also provide important constraints for cosmology: from both the way they are grouped into superclusters that trace the 'large scale structure' of Universe; and the fact that their internal properties lead to powerful confirmation for the need for dark energy.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:
http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/clusters-of-galaxies
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website.
http://www.gresham.ac.uk

Hubble: Zoom Into Galaxy Cluster MACS 1206 [1080p]

The NASA/ESAHubble Space Telescope has been used to make an image of galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847. The apparently distorted shapes of distant galaxies in the background is caused by an invisible substance called dark matter, whose gravity bends and distorts their light rays. MACS 1206 has been observed as part of a new survey of galaxy clusters using Hubble.
Cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 (or MACS 1206 for short) is one of the first targets in a Hubble survey that will allow astronomers to construct the highly detailed dark matter maps of more galaxy clusters than ever before. These maps are being used to test previous but surprising results that suggest that dark matter is more densely packed inside clusters than some models predict. This might mean that galaxy cluster assembly began earlier than commonly thought.
The Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) probes, with unparalleled precision, the distribution of dark matter in 25 massive clusters of galaxies. So far, the CLASH team has observed six of the 25 clusters.
Dark matter makes up the bulk of the Universe's mass, yet it can only be detected by measuring how its gravity tugs on visible matter and warps the fabric of space-time like a fairground mirror so that the light from distant objects is distorted.
Galaxy clusters like MACS 1206 are perfect laboratories for studying dark matter's gravitational effects because they are the most massive structures in the Universe to be held together by gravity. Because of their immense gravitational pull, the clusters act like giant cosmic lenses, amplifying, distorting and bending any light that passes through them — an effect known as gravitational lensing.
Lensing effects can also produce multiple images of the same distant object, as is evident in this Hubble picture. In particular, the apparent numbers and shapes of the distant galaxies far beyond a galaxy cluster become distorted as the light passes through, yielding a visible measurement of how much mass there is in the intervening cluster, and how it is distributed. The substantial lensing distortions seen are proof that the dominant mass component of the clusters is dark matter. The distortions would be far weaker if the clusters' gravity came only from visible matter.
credit: NASA, ESA, Digitzed Sky Survey 2, M. Postman (STScI) and the CLASH Survey Team; music: John Dyson (from the album Moonwind)
source: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1115a/

Universe Size Comparison 3D...

Galaxy Clusters...

Episode 9 - Exploring Galaxy Clusters...

In August 2016, a research plane was able to observe something strange in the atmosphere above Alaska's Aleutian Islands, lingering aerosol particle that was enriched with the same kind of uranium used in nuclear fuel and bombs, according to Gizmodo. The observation was the first time that scientists detected a particle free-floating in the atmosphere in over 20 years of plane-based observations ... ... -WN.com, Maureen Foody....

ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia (AP) -- Ethiopia's defense minister on Saturday ruled out a military takeover a day after the East African nation declared a new state of emergency amid the worst anti-government protests in a quarter-century. The United States said it "strongly disagrees" with the new declaration that effectively bans protests, with a U.S ... He also ruled out a transitional government ... Learn more about our and . ....

One day in August 1995 a man called Foutanga Babani Sissoko walked into the head office of the Dubai Islamic Bank and asked for a loan to buy a car. The manager agreed, and Sissoko invited him home for dinner. It was the prelude, writes the BBC's Brigitte Scheffer, to one of the most audacious confidence tricks of all time. Over dinner, Sissoko made a startling claim ... With these powers, he could take a sum of money and double it ... ....

MEXICOCITY. A strong earthquake shook southern and central Mexico Friday, causing panic less than six months after two devastating quakes that killed hundreds of people. No buildings collapsed, according to early reports. But two towns near the epicenter, in the southern state of Oaxaca, reported damage and state authorities said they had opened emergency shelters ... It was also felt in the states of Guerrero, Puebla and Michoacan ... AFP ... ....

Mexico City – A military helicopter carrying officials assessing damage from a powerful earthquake crashed Friday in southern Mexico, killing 13 people and injuring 15, all of them on the ground. The Oaxaca state prosecutor’s office said in a statement that five women, four men and three children were killed at the crash site and another person died later at the hospital ...Alejandro Murat, neither of whom had serious injuries ... The U.S ... ....

The projects earlier inspected by the governor in company of the PDP national chairman and other stakeholders include the Umuda Isingwu Umuahia erosion control site, the Abia Investment House, the Abia State poultry cluster, Nbawsi Road, Umunkpeyi-Amaiyi Road, Umuaro-Umuanunu-Ekwereazu Road, Abia Multi-skill DevelopmentCenter, Umuobiakwa-Owo-Onicha Ngwa Road, Ifeobara erosion control measure, Ugwunagbo Road, among others ... ....

BOONE — Entering Saturday’s game against Troy, App State coach Jim Fox jotted down a message on the pregame notes he gives his assistant coaches. Don’t let Griff Kinney, App State’s senior post player, get winded. But that plan went out the window as the Mountaineers took on the visiting Trojans ... ... “. ... But that tight cluster in the middle means that App State could climb quickly for a higher tournament seeding with a few well-timed wins....

The Gencos were then free to seek and invite large power users, which are usually found within cluster settings, to competitively procure the electricity they need directly from them if it was cost-effective for them to do so, instead of going to the Discos ... While the Gencos and manufacturing outfits in clusters across the country welcomed it as a ......

Representational imagePixabay ... The same technology can be utilized to fix the gene mutation that causes sickle-cell disease. The CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR associated nucleases) system was originally used as an acquired immune response mechanism but has now evolved into a genetic engineering tool ... The two studies on CRISPR were published in the journal Science ... Related ... ....

South Carroll sent eight wrestlers into the championship finals at Saturday’s county tournament, and the Cavaliers felt “the hard work and the hammers” would prevail ...DYLAN SLAGLE/STAFF PHOTO ... (DYLAN SLAGLE/STAFF PHOTO) ... That meant clusters of grapplers standing near the edge of the mats or bunched together in the bleachers, cheering for some results and wincing at others ... “It’s a great rivalry ... So there was a lot of motivation.” ... 1 ... 106 ... ....

The Additional financing will be utilized to Increase of financing to SMEs through intermediaries, Development of innovative SME financing scheme, Enhancement of capacity of SMEs in targeted clusters for accessing financial services and Strengthening of international competitiveness of information and communication technology/business process outsourcing (ICT/BPO) cluster....

It can’t be seen or touched ... According to our understanding of dark matter, those satellite galaxies should be distributed all around their galactic host, said study co-author Marcel Pawlowski, an astrophysicist at the University of California, Irvine ... (There could be more galaxies; we just can’t see them.) The same pattern seems to apply to a number of the satellites around our galactic neighbor, Andromeda ... ....

The Andromeda galaxy, our nearest large neighbour, is roughly the same size as the Milky Way, astronomers have found, putting the “gravitational arms race to rest” ... However, the latest research evens the score between the two galaxies ... Kafle ... Kafle used a similar technique to revise down the weight of the Milky Way in 2014, and said the latest finding had big implications for our understanding of our nearest galactic neighbours ... ....

The chip uses ‘error modulation’ – measuring each sample twice after adding a different small deliberate error each time ... However, and this is the major innovation in the chip, instead of one big segmented capacitor array, the firm has used multiple clusters of segmented capacitor arrays with a shuffler in each cluster to reduce capacitor count to a manageable level. This form of background calibration is a convergent process ... ....

A trip to space could eventually be as affordable as a regular holiday on Earth, former Nasa astronaut Mike Massimino, the first person to send a tweet from Space, has said ... He achieved several spacewalk hours and orbits around the Earth during these missions ... When a new technology comes out, it's expensive ... VirginGalactic started selling tickets for space tourism in 2013, with prices ranging between $200,000 to $250,000 ... � ....

New Delhi... In a massive revelation, scientists have confirmed nearly 100 new planets outside our solar system, bringing the total number of exoplanets found using NASA’s K2 mission to almost 300 ... As more planets are discovered, astronomers will develop a much better picture of the nature of exoplanets which in turn will allow us to place our own solar system into a galactic context,” he said. With PTI inputs Read More ....