There with eight 1's.
There with nine 1's.
There with ten 1's.
Add them up.

I do not understand the notation in the second question.

Thank you so much for your help! You do not understand how much I appreciate that. As for the second question, it comes from my assignment from my online class I am taking in discrete math. I have had issue after issue with rendering notation such as that, which is probably why I didn't understand what it meant. Oh well. Again, I really do thank you for your help.