The AMPK inhibitor, WZ4003, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, could inhibit the APN-induced overexpression of CXCL1 and CXCL8 and h-JBMMSCs chemotaxis. After treated with WZ4003 and SB203580, the expression of CXCL1 (A and B) and CXCL8 (C and D) in the cells and supernatants of h-JBMMSCs treated with or without APN was evaluated by the ELISA assay (n = 3; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01)

a set of RNAi-resistant rescue forms of Cdc37 plasmids were transfected into stable Cdc37-RNAi HCT116 cells. 24 h after transfection cells were treated with phenformin and then subjected to FLAG immunoprecipitation.

Human glioma U87MG cells (A-C) and U251MG cells (D), as well as HCN-1a neuronal cells (D) or primary human astrocytes (“Astrocytes”, D) were either left untreated (“C”) or treated with applied concentrations of GSK621 for indicated periods of time, cell survival was tested by MTT assay (A and D) and clonogenicity assay (B); Cell death was also tested by the trypan blue staining assay (C). Experiments in this figure were repeated four times, and similar results were obtained. Data were presented as mean ± SD. * p <0.05 vs. “C”.

The AMPK inhibitor, WZ4003, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, could inhibit the APN-induced overexpression of CXCL1 and CXCL8 and h-JBMMSCs chemotaxis. After treated with WZ4003 and SB203580, the expression of CXCL1 (A and B) and CXCL8 (C and D) in the cells and supernatants of h-JBMMSCs treated with or without APN was evaluated by the ELISA assay (n = 3; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01)

a set of RNAi-resistant rescue forms of Cdc37 plasmids were transfected into stable Cdc37-RNAi HCT116 cells. 24 h after transfection cells were treated with phenformin and then subjected to FLAG immunoprecipitation.

Human glioma U87MG cells (A-C) and U251MG cells (D), as well as HCN-1a neuronal cells (D) or primary human astrocytes (“Astrocytes”, D) were either left untreated (“C”) or treated with applied concentrations of GSK621 for indicated periods of time, cell survival was tested by MTT assay (A and D) and clonogenicity assay (B); Cell death was also tested by the trypan blue staining assay (C). Experiments in this figure were repeated four times, and similar results were obtained. Data were presented as mean ± SD. * p <0.05 vs. “C”.