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BIOLOGY FORM 4 CHAPTER 2 PART 2 - CELL ORGANIZATION

1.
BIOLOGY FORM 4
CHAPTER 2
CELL ORGANIZATION (2.2)

2.
2.2
CELL ORGANIZATION
Multicellular organisms can
feed, respire, excrete, move,
respond
to stimuli, reproduce and grow.
Unicellular organisms are
organisms with just a single cell.
So how is this organism able to
perform all the living

3.
Lesson Outcomes
 Understand living process in
unicellular organism
the movement in unicellular
organism
the reproduction in unicellular organism
the feeding in unicellular organism
the exchange of materials in unicellular
organism

15.
Excretion of Amoeba sp.
• The contractile vacuole is
involved in osmoregulation.
• Water diffuses into the cell and
fills the contractile vacuole.
• When the vacuole is filled to its
maximum size, it contracts to
expel its contents.

16.
Responses to stimuli
• Amoeba sp. reacts by retreating from
adverse stimuli such as bright light and acidic
solution.
• In contrast, favourable stimuli such as
contact with food, cause it to move towards
the stimuli.
Food
Light
acids

22.
Cell
The smallest unit of life capable of carrying out all
Tissue
Organ
System
Organism
the functions of living things
A group of cells of the same type that
perform a specific function in organism
Several types of tissue that carry out a
particular function
Several organs working together to
perform a function
All the systems make up a
multicellular organism.

24.
Some of the humans cells and their functions
Cell Function
Muscle cell
Able to contract and relax and are
involved in movement
White blood
cell
Involved in defence of the body against
diseases
Red blood
cell
Transports oxygen
Nerve cell Receives and sends out nerve impulses
Sperm Fertilises the ovum

26.
1. Epithelial Tissue
• Form a skin surface and
protect the tissue beneath it.
• Form a lining layer for tubes or
lines the cavities of the body.
• Protect against infection,
mechanical injuries and
dehydration.
• Undergo changes to form
glands.

40.
Transports food
substances,
oxygen,
hormones and
others to the
entire body
Provides bodily
support and
protection to
solf internal
Defends the body
against disease
Systems
organs Produces
hormones that
control the
bodily
activities

41.
Skin surface to
protects the
tissue beneath it.
Coordinates and
controls all bodily
activities related to
impulses and reactions
Helps in
movement of
the body.
Systems

44.
Some of the plants cells and their functions
Cell Function
Parenchyma
cell
For support and storage
Xylem Transports water and mineral salts
Sieve tube
element
Transports organic product of
photosynthesis
Companion
cell
Regulates the metabolic activity of sieve
tube element
Epidermal cell
For protection and covering of other cells
beneath

61.
Why are these cells so unique?
• They can perform their function optimally!
• Red blood cell – without nucleus – they
have a lot of spaces for hemoglobin so a
lot of oxygen can be carried.
• Bone – they have calcium

64.
Types of animal cell Characteristics Functions
Epithelial tissues •Consist of epithelial
cells arranged in a
continuous layer
•Cover the body
surface or line the
cavities within the body
•Protect the underlying
cells from mechanical
injuries
•Absorb food and water
by diffusion
•Form secretory gland
Nervous tissues •Consist of nerve cells
called neuron
•Found in brain and
spinal cord
•Send & receive
impulses to coordinate
the activities of the
body

66.
Types of plant
tissues
Characteristic Functions
Epidermis
tissue
•Consisting of one
layer of cells
•Examples :
epidermis of
leaves, stems &
roots
•Covers the entire surface of the
plant
•Protect underlying tissues from
physical damage & infection
•Reduces water loss
•Epidermal cells of leaf
differentiate to become guard
cells while those at the root,
become root hair cells.
Meristem tissue •Consists if
undifferentiated
cells which are
able to divide
•Occurs at the tip
of roots & shoots
& in the cambium
of stems & roots
•Produces new cells by cell
division