Abstract : Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which encompasses deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, can occur as the first manifestation of an underlying occult malignancy. Previous studies reported that the incidence of undiagnosed cancer is 6% to 15% in the year following an unprovoked VTE épisode, i.e. VTE not provoked by a major risk factor.In patients with unprovoked VTE, extensive screening for cancer has been proposed in order to diagnose occult malignancy as early as possible in the hope of improving the prognosis. Current guidelines for occult cancer screening in patients with unprovoked VTE recommend limited cancer screening, including of a thorough medical history and physical examination, basic laboratory investigations, chest X-ray, as well as age-specific and gender-specific cancer screening (colon, breast, and prostate) according to national guidelines.18F-Fluorodesoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography combined with Computed Tomography (FDG PET/CT) is routinely used for the diagnosis and staging of various malignancies. The use of FDG PET/CT might overcome the limitations of previous extensive screening strategies as it involves whole-body imaging using a single, non-invasive test. To date, there has been no formal assessment of the additional value of FDG PET/CT for occult malignancy screening in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism.To address this issue, we conducted a multicenter randomised controlled trial comparing a limited screening strategy to a strategy combining limited screening and FDG PET/CT in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism, and then assessed the additional value of FDG PET/CT in addition to a limited strategy.