MedWorm: Adenocarcinoma

MedWorm.com provides a medical RSS filtering service. Over 7000 RSS medical sources are combined and output via different filters. This feed contains the latest news and research in the Adenocarcinoma category.

Conclusions Histological subtype and the presence of systemic metastases strongly influenced treatment choice and survival in patients with synchronous colorectal PM. These results can be used to optimize treatment strategy for patients with synchronous colorectal PM. (Source: European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO))

We present a recently introduced three tier pattern-based histopathologic system to stratify endocervical adenocarcinoma (EAC) that better correlates with lymph node (LN) metastases than FIGO staging alone, and has the advantage of safely predicting node-negative disease in a large proportion of EAC patients. The system consists of stratifying EAC into one of three patterns: pattern A tumors characterized by well-demarcated glands frequently forming clusters or groups with relative lobular architecture and lacking destructive stromal invasion or lymphovascular invasion (LVI), pattern B tumors demonstrating localized destructive invasion (small clusters or individual tumor cells within desmoplastic stroma often arising from pattern A glands), and pattern C tumors with diffusely infiltrative...

It is widely accepted that sialyl Lewis X(sLeX) and sialyl Lewis A(sLeA, also known as CA19-9) glycans expressed on cancer cells function in E-selectin-mediated metastasis. Recently, it was reported that 6-sulfo sLeX glycans detected by the MECA-79 monoclonal antibody are expressed in roughly a quarter of gastric adenocarcinoma cases, and that these cases show a poorer prognosis than MECA-79-negative cases do. The present study was undertaken to assess expression of 6-sulfo sLeX glycans in bladder urothelial carcinoma and evaluate potential clinical implications. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Most prostate tumors are adenocarcinoma with glandular differentiation, and a small percentage, found most frequently in advanced diseases, are small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma without glandular differentiation. The LuCaP series is a family of prostate cancer xenografts propagated in male mice. LuCaP CR variants were obtained from passages in castrated hosts. Expression of stem cell transcription factor (TF) genes LIN28A, NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2 was examined in the LuCaP lines because some LuCaP lines were found to express stem cell markers. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Pathological features and prognostics are better characterized for urothelial cancer (UC) compared to other histological types. Herein we determined differences in pathological features and prognostics among 4 different histological types: UC, UC with metaplasia (UCM), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) utilizing a large cohort of radical cystectomy (RC) patients with long term follow up. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

While prostate adenocarcinoma remains the most common cancer in the USA, only a discrete proportion of prostate lesions progresses to invasive adenocarcinoma. Therefore, defining the molecular determinants that restrict prostate cancer progression represents a priority for accurate identification of patients in need of treatment. Clinical monitoring of prostate cancer currently relies on histo-pathological and chemical indicators, which include Gleason scoring and PSA levels. Unfortunately, the use of these parameters in order to manage prostate cancer treatment has proven largely inadequate in the recent years. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. Their role in cancer development and progression is being widely researched. Our objective was to identify miRs that are differentially expressed to a high degree between prostatic adenocarcinoma and normal prostate for diagnostic use. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

There have been numerous techniques employed to maximize continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), including posterior rhabdosphincter reconstruction (PRR). However optimum PRR stitch location remains relatively undefined. We aimed to apply our modified posterior reconstruction of the rhabdosphincter (M-PRR) in 570 consecutive patients undergoing RARP for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. In this video, we demonstrate our technique for M-PRR performed during RARP. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Active surveillance (AS) has become increasingly utilized and has gained acceptance for the management of men with localized prostate cancer who have low risk clinical features. Our goal was to analyze the preoperative data in men with adenocarcinoma of the prostate and compare this with post prostatectomy specimens in patients who were eligible for AS but chose to undergo robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We also subdivided our data into age categories to assess for a difference. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

High levels of the ERG expression due to gene fusions (predominantly TMPRSS2-ERG) is frequently detected in prostate cancer (CaP) in Western countries. Better understanding of the roles of the ERG oncogenic functions in CaP initiation and/or progression will enhance its utility as the therapeutic target. Transgenic mice generated to understand ERG’s role in the development of prostate adenocarcinoma have shown focal proliferative and dysplastic PIN lesions and later developed adenocarcinoma in older mice. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is one of the main treatment options for locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is inherently less sensitive or even resistant to ADT. NEPC can be observed de novo (e.g., small cell prostate cancer) but more commonly arises after exposure to ADT. In some patients, even short exposure to ADT may “unmask” a NEPC phenotype. We hypothesized that a gene expression signature of NEPC when measured in primary tumor specimens (RP) of prostatic adenocarcinoma may be useful for predicting patients with innate resistance to ADT. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is a rare variant histology of cancer comprising less than 2% of all bladder malignancies. We assessed patient characteristics and outcomes for those undergoing definitive management of localized clinical disease. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Adenocarcinomas of the bladder and urachus represent a rare subtype of urinary tract cancer and account for 2% of all tumors originating from the bladder. Localized disease can be managed with surgical extirpation alone; however, less than 40% of patients with advanced disease will achieve an objective response with platinum-based chemotherapy. We hypothesized that bladder and urachal adenocarcinomas harbor a distinct mutational profile that may make them susceptible to targeted agents. (Source: The Journal of Urology)

To evaluate the incidence of lymph node metastases (LNM) in pathological Gleason score =6 prostate cancer (PCa) using data generated by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, the National Cancer Database (NCDB), and an institutional database at the University of Chicago Medical Center (UCMC). (Source: The Journal of Urology)

Uterine epithelial cancers are the most common type of gynecologic cancer in the United States. The American Cancer Society estimated 53,000 new cases of uterine cancers in 2014 with 8,600 deaths from advanced or recurrent cases, 99% of which are endometrial cancer. The 5-year survival rate of low-stage, low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma is greater than 90%. In contrast, advanced stage endometrioid adenocarcinomas and Type II (serous and carcinosarcoma) endometrial cancers have a much poorer prognosis, with the 5-year survival rate of advanced stage uterine carcinosarcoma as low as 9%. Together, these endometrial cancers with poor prognoses comprise almost half of all cases in the US, creating a significant medical obstacle for management. The authors present a review of endometrial ca...

In this study, we have extended our investigation with the aim to obtain further evidence that the death induced by Col V-treatment is of the caspase-9 apoptotic type. We used (1) optical and electron microscopy, (2) quantitation of TUNEL-labeled cells and (3) analysis of the expression levels of Col V and selected genes coding for apoptosis-linked factors, by conventional RT-PCR. BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1.5 g/kg body weight of urethane. After urethane injection, the animals received intranasal administration of 20 µg/20 µl of Col V every day during 2 months. We report here that Col V treatment was able to determine significant increase in Col V protein and gene expression and in the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells, to up-regulate caspase-9, resulting in l...

Discussion
Our results establish an association of TILs and survival in OAC, as seen in other solid tumours, and identify particular TIL subsets that are present at higher levels in patients who responded to NAC compared to non-responders. These findings highlight potential therapeutic strategies in EAC based on utilising the host immunological response and highlight the immune responses biomarker potential. (Source: Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy)

Conclusion
In spite of the lack of follow-up information, this study demonstrates the poor outcome associated with these tumors and the need for standardized treatment. (Source: Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals)

A 13-year-old boy with no risk factors for lung cancer presented with a massive left-sided pleural effusion and a mediastinal shift on chest radiography and computed tomography. A chest tube drained bloody pleural fluid with an exudative pattern. A pleural biopsy and wedge biopsy of the left lower lobe revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma in the left lower lobe wedge biopsy and metastatic adenocarcinoma in the pleural biopsy. The patient is currently undergoing chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is planned after shrinkage of the tumor. Adenocarcinoma of the lung is very rarely seen in teenagers or children, especially in the absence of risk factors. (Source: Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals)

In conclusion, this study showed that HH pathway is a survival signaling that drives LAC cell growth under stress conditions, and HHIP is a key regulator to block the induction of HH pathway. Targeting the HH pathway through inhibitors or HHIP thus holds promise to address EGFR-TKI resistance in LAC in clinic.
PMID: 27015549 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Oncotarget)

Authors: Shen JX, Liu J, Li GW, Huang YT, Wu HT
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) consists of a family of intracellular enzymes, highly expressed in stem cells populations of leukemia and some solid tumors. Up to now, 6 isoforms of ALDH1 have been reported. However, the expression patterns and the identity of ALDH1 isoenzymes contributing to ALDH1 activity, as well as the prognostic values of ALDH1 isoenzymes in cancers all remain to be elucidated. Here, we studied the expressions of ALDH1 transcripts in gastric cancer (GC) compared with the normal controls using the ONCOMINE database. Through the Kaplan-Meier plotter database, which contains updated gene expression data and survival information of 876 GC patients, we also investigated the prognostic values of ALDH1 isoenzy...

Authors: Chen QY, Jiao DM, Wang J, Hu H, Tang X, Chen J, Mou H, Lu W
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in drug resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aims of this study were to explore the potential role of miR-206 in governing cisplatin resistance and EMT in lung cancer cells. We found that both lung adenocarcinoma A549 cisplatin-resistant cells (A549/DDP) and H1299 cisplatin-resistant cells (H1299/DDP) acquired mesenchymal features and were along with low expression of miR-206 and high migration and invasion abilities. Ectopic expression of miR-206 mimics inhibited cisplatin resistance, reversed the EMT phenotype, decreased the migration and invasion in these DDP-resistant cells. In contrast, miR-206 inhibitors increased cisplatin resistance, E...

In this study, In Silico Analysis using Oncomine and Kaplan Meier plotter revealed that FADD is significantly up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and closely associated with a poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. To better understanding the FADD functions in breast cancer, we performed proteomics analysis by LC-MS/MS detection and found that Rheb-mTORC1 pathway was dysregulated in MCF-7 cells when FADD knockdown. The mTORC1 pathway is a key regulator in many processes, including cell growth, metabolism and autophagy. Here, FADD interference down-regulated Rheb expression and repressed mTORC1 activity in breast cancer cell lines. The autophagy was induced by FADD deficiency in MCF7 or MDA-231 cells but rescued by recovering Rheb expression. Similarly, growth defect in FADD-knock...

Publication date: June 2016 Source:Phytochemistry Letters, Volume 16 Author(s): Xi-Run Zhao, Bao-Jing Zhang, Sa Deng, Hou-Li Zhang, Shan-Shan Huang, Xiao-Kui Huo, Chao Wang, Fang Liu, Xiao-Chi Ma Ganoderma lucidum is widely used throughout the world as a form of traditional medicine. Phytochemical investigation of the chloroform (CHCl3) extract of the fruiting body of G. lucidum resulted in the isolation of four lanostane-type triterpenoids. Based on various spectroscopic data, the isolated triterpenoids were identified as highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids, including four new compounds (1–4). Furthermore, in vitro bioassays using an adriamycin (ADM)-resistant human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7/ADR) and measuring the nitric oxide production in LPS-stimula...

Cancer of the ampulla of Vater is rare, though it has various histological types and its histogenesis is fascinating in view of the anatomically complex nature of the ampulla. Fetal gut‐like adenocarcinoma, usually found in the stomach, can also develop in the ampullary region in extremely rare cases. Here we present a case of ampullary adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic and neuroendocrine differentiation. A 55‐year‐old woman presented with an epigastric pain. Endoscopic examination revealed a 2‐cm submucosal tumor‐like lesion in the ampulla. The surgical specimen showed that an exposed protruding type of tumor appeared as a well‐demarcated whitish‐yellow solid mass. Microscopically, the tumor had proliferated in the common channel and invaded the duodenal submucosa with mucos...

CONCLUSIONS: SPVATS is a safe and feasible technique, and is promising for next-generation thoracoscopic surgery. It may also reduce postoperative wound pain and contribute to improvements in the activities of daily living of patients.
PMID: 27014483 [PubMed] (Source: Journal of Thoracic Disease)

Acquired angioedema (AAE) is an uncommon condition characterized by angioedema without wheals associated with low C1 inhibitor, C4, and C1q levels secondary to disproportionate activation or depletion of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH). First described by Caldwell et al1 in 1972, AAE is clinically indistinguishable from hereditary angioedema (HAE) and leads to unpredictable angioedema episodes that last 2 to 5 days. AAE is most commonly due to lymphoproliferative disorders.2 Less common causes include solid organ tumors, infection, and systemic lupus erythematosus. (Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology)

In this study, we demonstrate that RASSF6 acts as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer cells. Decreased level of RASSF6 was observed in adenocarcinoma compared to normal tissues, especially in advanced tumor cases. Further experiments showed exogenous introduction of RASSF6 into LoVo cells suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced apoptosis in vitro as well as tumor growth in vivo. In contrast, knockdown of RASSF6 in HT-29 cells showed the opposite effects. Taken together, our results suggest, in addition to epigenetics changes, functional somatic mutations may also contribute to the downregulation of RASSF6 and further participate in the pathogenesis of sCRC. RASSF6 may serve as a novel candidate against tumor growth for sCRC.
PMID: 27009808 [PubMed - as supplied b...

CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, NGAL in urine and bile are remarkably accurate in differentiating pancreatic mass due to chronic pancreatitis from pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Therefore, NGAL concentrations in bile and urine should be further investigated in order to assess their usefulness in early pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis.
PMID: 27002756 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Cancer Biomarkers)

Authors: Montironi R, Santoni M, Mazzucchelli R, Burattini L, Berardi R, Galosi AB, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Scarpelli M
Abstract
The Gleason grading system was developed in the late 1960s by Dr. Donald F. Gleason. Due to changes in prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) detection and treatment, newer technologies to better characterize prostatic pathology, subsequently described variants of PAC and further data relating various morphologic patterns to prognosis, the application of the Gleason grading system changed substantially in surgical pathology. First in 2005 and more recently in 2014, consensus conferences were held to update PAC grading. Here, we review of the successive changes in the grading of PAC from the original system, with emphasis on the newest pr...

As tumors grow, they acquire mutations, some of which create neoantigens that influence the response of patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We explored the impact of neoantigen intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) on antitumor immunity. Through integrated analysis of ITH and neoantigen burden, we demonstrate a relationship between clonal neoantigen burden and overall survival in primary lung adenocarcinomas. CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes reactive to clonal neoantigens were identified in early-stage non–small cell lung cancer and expressed high levels of PD-1. Sensitivity to PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade in patients with advanced NSCLC and melanoma was enhanced in tumors enriched for clonal neoantigens. T cells recognizing clonal neoantigens were detectable in patients with durable clini...

Publication date: Available online 19 March 2016 Source:Journal of Saudi Chemical Society Author(s): Ahmed M. El-Agrody, Ahmed H. Halawa, Ahmed M. Fouda, Al-Anood M. Al-Dies In the present study, novel derivatives of 4H-benzo[h]chromene and 7H-benzo[h]chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine were prepared and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity against three human tumor cell lines breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) in comparison with the standard drugs Doxorubicin, Vinblastine and Colchicine using MTT colorimetric assay. The structures of the target compounds were established on the basis of spectral data. We explored the Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) of 4H-benzo[h]chromenes with modification at the 2- or 3- and...

Authors: Wlodarczyk J, Rudnicka-Sosin L, Kużdżał J
Abstract
The evaluation of β-catenin expression in adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction and its influence on cancer progression. Sixty-one patients who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction were examined. We evaluated β-catenin distribution in the cell membrane and the cell nucleus in adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction type 1 and type 3. Our findings showed lack of a statistically significant difference in evaluation of adenocarcinoma type 1 and type 3 aggressiveness. However, we found a statistically significant association with the T and N stage, although we did not find an effect of them on patient survival. Patients with cellular membrane and cell nucleus staining comprise...

Authors: Wesoła M, Jeleń M
Abstract
The aim of the study was to define the morphometric characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) cells and identify opportunities to differentiate these tumors based on determination of the morphometric characteristics in order to use the results of research in the diagnosis of cervical cancer. Pap smears with two histopathologically confirmed cervix cancers were used for testing. For the morphometric assessment of cancer cells the dotSlide program was used. The mean nucleus area for AC cells was 126.62 × 10-6 m2, while this value for SCC was 145.07 × 10-6 m2 (p = 0.000132). The mean circumference of AC cells was 42.43 × 10-6 m, while for SCC cells it was 46.67 × 10-6 m (p = 0.00). AC cell diameter was 13.83 µm,...

ConclusionThese experts’ consensus on obesity and GI diseases in Asia form the basis for further research, and its translation into addressing this emerging issue. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology)

Conclusion Our study revealed that lung adenocarcinoma subtypes had important role in lymph node involvement for the patients with small-sized lung cancer. (Source: European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO))

Publication date: Available online 24 March 2016 Source:Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure Author(s): Taha MM. Hassan, Samia I Al-Najjar, Ibrahim H. Al-Zahrani, Fadi IB. Alanazi, Malek G Alotibi Helicobacter pylori (Hp) inhabits the stomach of more than 50% of humans and has been established as a major etiologic factor in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, gastric atrophy, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALTOMA). The aim of this study is to provide an unequivocal information about the Hp-associated gastritis grading according to the Sydney grading system and to compare between the histopathological features with the endoscopical findings and anti-Hp IgG serological status. This analytical study was...

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has risen significantly over recent decades. Although survival has improved, cure rates remain poor, with <20% of patients surviving 5 years. This is the first study to explore methylome, transcriptome and ENCODE data to characterize the role of methylation in EAC. We investigate the genome-wide methylation profile of 250 samples including 125 EAC, 19 Barrett’s esophagus (BE), 85 squamous esophagus and 21 normal stomach. Transcriptome data of 70 samples (48 EAC, 4 BE and 18 squamous esophagus) were used to identify changes in methylation associated with gene expression. BE and EAC showed similar methylation profiles, which differed from squamous tissue. Hypermethylated sites in EAC and BE were mainly located in CpG-rich promoters. A...

This study evaluated whether dietary resistant starch (RS) and green tea extract (GTE), which have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, protect against colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) using a rat model, also investigated potential mechanisms of action of these agents including their effects on the gut microbiota. Rats were fed a control diet or diets containing 10% RS, 0.5% GTE or a combination of the two (RS + GTE). CAC was initiated with 2 weekly azoxymethane (AOM) injections (10mg/kg) followed by 2% dextran sodium sulphate in drinking water for 7 days after 2 weeks on diets. Rats were killed 20 weeks after the first AOM. Colon tissues and tumours were examined for histopathology by H&E, gene/protein expression by PCR and immunohistochemistry and digesta for analys...

We present a 57-year-old man admitted to the hospital with nausea and vomiting due to a high-grade malignant mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction. The patient underwent Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy and adyuvant chemoradiotherapy. At 8-month follow-up he was alive without evidence of recurrence.
PMID: 26999428 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Revista Espanola de Enfermedades Digestivas)

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the distribution pattern of periostin was broader as the clinical staging of the tumor progressed and found that isoprenaline upregulated expression levels of periostin in gastric cancer cells.
PMID: 26996552 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Yonsei Medical Journal)

Abstract
Ectopic ovary, a designation that includes supernumerary ovaries and accessory ovaries, is a rare gonadal anomaly. We encountered a patient with a metastasis to such an anomaly and herein provide a review of the published work. A 43‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with stage IIb cervical adenocarcinoma with suspicion for a right ovarian malignancy. She underwent laparotomy after completing three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Intraoperative inspection revealed two normal ovaries, but an ovary‐like structure was identified attached to the fimbriae of the left fallopian tube. A cystic tumor, 12 cm in diameter, developed from this structure, which was not connected to the infundibulopelvic ligament. The mass was pulled and elevated into the right pelvis by omental adhesions. ...

Conclusion Our results suggest that robotic TME has the same oncological short-term results when compared to the open and laparoscopic technique, and it could be safely offered for the treatment of mid and low rectal cancer. (Source: European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO))

Ashraf Abusamra, Esam Murshid, Hussain Kushi, Sultan Alkhateeb, Mubarak Al-Mansour, Ahmad Saadeddin, Danny Rabah, Shouki Bazarbashi, Mohammed Alotaibi, Abdullah Alghamdi, Khalid Alghamdi, Abdullah Alsharm, Imran AhmadUrology Annals 2016 8(2):123-130This is an update to the previously published Saudi guidelines for the evaluation, medical, and surgical management of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. It is categorized according to the stage of the disease using the tumor node metastasis staging system 7th edition. The guidelines are presented with supporting evidence level, they are based on comprehensive literature review, several internationally recognized guidelines, and the collective expertise of the guidelines committee members (authors) who were selected by the Saudi oncology s...

Conclusions: Despite prior XRT for PCa, less than one-third of patients had no prostatic disease at the time of RC. Routine prostatic sampling should be considered in these patients especially if considering the orthotopic diversion. (Source: Urology Annals)

The objective of this study was to analyze the rate and types of malignancies occurring in the St. Michael's Hospital renal transplant population and to determine whether our results were comparable to those previously published.
Methods: After approval by the hospital's research ethic board, review of the records and pathology of the 1584 patients in the renal transplant clinic database patients was performed. The reports dated back to the year 1970.
Results: Amongst the 1584 renal transplant patients, 106 patients with 132 dysplastic and malignant posttransplant lesions were identified. The highest incidence amid the malignancies was in nonmelanoma skin malignancies squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma, and Kaposi sarcoma, with a total of 32 patient...

This study investigates IIP pathophysiology in 12 families affected by IPF and lung cancer. We identified, in a multigenerational family, nine members carrying a heterozygous missense mutation with evidence of pathogenicity in SFTPA1 that encodes the surfactant protein (SP)-A1. The mutation (p.Trp211Arg), which segregates with a disease phenotype characterized by either isolated IIP/IPF, or IPF associated with lung adenocarcinoma, is located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of SP-A1 and involves a residue invariant throughout evolution, not only in SP-A1, but also in its close paralog SP-A2 and other CRD-containing proteins. As shown through functional studies, the p.Trp211Arg mutation impairs SP-A1 secretion. Immunohistochemistry studies on patient alveolar epithelium showed a...

Conclusion Both pre- and intraoperative diagnoses may be difficult mainly because of the rareness of the disease. The diagnosis of mixed squamous cell and glandular papilloma should be considered in case the presence of adenocarcinoma is not totally ruled out. (Source: Annals of Medicine and Surgery)

CONCLUSION: FDG-based PET data potentially may be used to identify biological target volumes (BTV) within the tumour in NSCLC patients. Using the one-way ANOVA statistical tests we found a significant difference among all threshold levels amongst adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinomas. On the other hand, the observed significant variability in threshold values throughout the patient cohort (expressed as large standard deviations) can be explained as a consequence of differences in the physiological status of the tumour volume for each patient at the time of the PET/CT scan. This further suggests that patient-specific threshold values for definition of BTVs could be determined by creation and curve fitting of dUVHs on a patient-by-patient basis. Advances in know...

Authors: Azarbarzin S, Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Safaralizadeh R, Ravanbakhsh R, Kazemzadeh M, Fateh A, Karimi N, Moaddab Y
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, containing about 22 nucleotides and having a pivotal function in various cellular processes. The oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles of miRNAs have been identified in cancers especially in gastric cancer, which is one of the most prevalent cancers. MiR-299-5p is located in the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 region in chromosome 14q32. Aberrant expression of miR-299-5p was determined in solid and blood cancers. The current study was performed to assess the expression pattern of miR-299-5p in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma and compare it with the normal adjacent counterparts. The expression level of miR-299-5...

Carcinogenic progression in the pancreas arises through a well-established stepwise accumulation of molecular aberrations from a normal cell to an invasive adenocarcinoma. Recent large-scale sequencing efforts have provided insight into novel driver genes as well as enriched core signaling pathways that underlie the inherent heterogeneity found in pancreatic cancer. By exploiting these genomic profiles, we may begin to provide new insights into patient stratification and therapeutic guidance. This review discusses the molecular landscape of pancreatic cancer and its role in tumor progression, clinical prognostication, and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. (Source: Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America)

Conclusions: The Q787Q EGFR polymorphism allows stratifying lung squamous cell carcinoma patients and could be an independent prognostic marker, particularly among those in stages I and II.Oncology (Source: Oncology)

ConclusionsA comprehensive overview of NMSC survival in Germany is provided. The differences between the NMSC subtypes require a more differentiated consideration of patient survival. The survival advantage of patients with BCC may be related to health‐promoting factors related to the BCC diagnosis, such as changes to a healthier lifestyle. (Source: British Journal of Dermatology)

The use of neoadjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma has been shown to reduce disease recurrence when combined with surgery and adjuvant chemothe... (Source: BMC Cancer)

Diagnostic mammography revealed 2 masses in the left breast of a 35-year-old woman. Image-guided core biopsies revealed a poorly differentiated invasive ductal adenocarcinoma. Estrogen receptor was strongly positive in 95% of tumor cells, progesterone receptor was positive in less than 5% of tumor cells, and ERBB2 (HER2) by immunohistochemistry was scored at 1+. How do you interpret the test results? (Source: JAMA)

US-based MabVax Therapeutics has started a Phase I clinical trial of HuMab-5B1, a fully human antibody, to treat patients with locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) or other CA19-9 positive malignancies. (Source: Drug Development Technology)

CONCLUSIONS: The Q787Q EGFR polymorphism allows stratifying lung squamous cell carcinoma patients and could be an independent prognostic marker, particularly among those in stages I and II.
PMID: 26999786 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Oncology)

This study examines the effects of the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) on normal and tumoral mammary cell lines derived from dogs, cats and humans, as proof of concept that small companion animals are useful models of human breast cancer. Our findings show that treatment with 5-AzaC reduces in vitro tumorigenicity in all three species based on growth and invasion assays, mitochondrial activity and susceptibility to apoptosis. Interestingly, we found that the effects of 5-AzaC on gene expression varied not only between the different species but also between different tumoral cell lines within the same species, and confirmed the correlation between loss of methylation in a specific gene promotor region and increased expression of the associated gene using bisulf...

In conclusion, SCC of rectum is a distinct entity and it is important to shed some light on this rare condition because it has different epidemiology, etiology, pathogenies and requires a different treatment approach than other colorectal carcinomas. Surgery is the primary treatment which consists of local excision versus radical resection and the need for adjuvant therapy.
Abstract ID: 38 Figure 1 (Source: Journal of Investigative Medicine)

We present here the case of a 62-year-old male patient who underwent prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma prostate. He also had a long-standing left solitary thyroid nodule (STN). Four months after surgery, he had a rising trend in serum PSA levels on three occasions, but the absolute value was less than 4 at all times. He underwent a 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT, but it did not reveal any recurrent/metastatic site of disease. However, there was increased tracer uptake in the left STN. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed features of atypia of undetermined significance, Bethesda category III. The patient underwent a left hemithyroidectomy and the histopathology showed features of a follicular adenoma. (Source: Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging)

CONCLUSION: PTL procedures can be performed safely and accurately under the guidance of a CBCT virtual navigation system.
PMID: 27015318 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology : The Turkish Society of Radiology)

CONCLUSIONS: This study identified and validated a highly accurate 5-gene PDAC classifier for discriminating PDAC and early precursor lesions from non-malignant tissue that may facilitate early diagnosis and risk stratification upon validation in prospective clinical trials. Cell-based experiments of two overexpressed proteins encoded by the panel, TMPRSS4 and ECT2, suggest a causal link to PDAC development and progression, confirming them as potential therapeutic targets.
PMID: 26993610 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Oncotarget)

Celiac disease is the most common autoimmune enteropathy in Western countries, and is usually associated with a good response to the gluten free diet and an excellent prognosis. However, a minority of patients develop complications of the disease, such as refractory celiac disease, ulcerative jejunoileitis and neoplastic complications such as adenocarcinoma of the small bowel and enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma. Neoplastic complications described in association with celiac disease have a high mortality rate, due to their aggressive behavior and to the usual advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. (Source: Digestive and Liver Disease)

A 54-year-old man presented with pain in the left chest for 3 days. His medical history was remarkable for hyperlipidemia managed with diet and statin. He denied tobacco smoking and consumption of alcohol. Physical examination was unrevealing. The patient was diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the lung harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation that metastasized to T2-T4 levels. He was treated with radiotherapy and dexamethasone followed by Gefitinib. (Source: Neurology)