As the increase is mimicked by applying capsaicin to the nerve, the most parsimonious explanation for our findings is that the increase in permeability is mediated by activation of TRPV1-expressing primary sensory neurons. (nih.gov)

It has been known for decades that loss of auditory nerve fibers, the primary sensory neurons connecting the hair cells to the auditory brainstem, need not affect threshold sensitivity when the degeneration is diffusely distributed along the cochlear spiral ( Schuknecht and Woellner, 1953 ). (jneurosci.org)

These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells. (wikipedia.org)

An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials, away from the nerve cell body. (wikipedia.org)

In 1811 in a self-sponsored and published pamphlet Charles Bell referred to the motor functions of nerve fibers exiting the ventral roots of the spinal cord but did not mention about the sensory functions of the dorsal roots. (wikipedia.org)

Eleven years later, Magendie announced in the magazine Journal de physiologie expérimentale et de pathologie his discovery that the motor neuron fibers exit from the anterior root and the sensory neuron fibers from the dorsal root: "(trans)section of the dorsal root abolishes sensation, (trans)section of ventral roots abolishes motor activity, and (trans)section of both roots abolishes both sensation and motor activity. (wikipedia.org)

To investigate the role of small myelinated afferents in nonhistaminergic itch, we tested, in psychophysical studies in humans, the effect of a differential nerve block on itch produced by intradermal insertion of spicules from the pods of a cowhage plant ( Mucuna pruriens ). (jneurosci.org)

These findings demonstrate that activity in nociceptive, myelinated afferents contributes to cowhage-induced sensations, and that nonhistaminergic itch is mediated through activity in both unmyelinated and myelinated afferents. (jneurosci.org)

In electrophysiological recordings from primary afferents in the anesthetized monkey, we tested whether cowhage, histamine, or capsaicin activated high threshold A-fiber afferents. (jneurosci.org)

The increase in permeability caused by C-fiber stimulation or by PNI was not anatomically limited to the site of central termination of primary afferents from the sciatic nerve in the lumbar cord, but rather extended throughout the spinal cord and into the brain. (nih.gov)

however, electrical activation results in slow (within tens of seconds) modulation in the excitability of cochlear nerve afferents: either excitation or inhibition depending on the locus of stimulation in the brainstem ( Groff and Liberman, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)

There was nearly complete degeneration of epidermal nerve fibers and the subepidermal neural plexus in capsaicin-treated skin, as indicated by the loss of immunoreactivity for PGP 9.5 and CGRP. (jneurosci.org)

Muscle biopsies have found patterns of mitochondrial dysfunction (abnormal mitochondria, mitochondrial defects and muscle fiber abnormalities) similar to those typically found in mitochondrial disorders. (sott.net)

They are histological evidence of the small amount of cytoplasm that remains in the inner layer of the myelin sheath created by Schwann cells wrapping tightly around an axon (nerve fiber). (wikipedia.org)

These layers are generally uniform and continuous, but due to imperfect nature of the process by which Schwann cells wrap the nerve axon, this wrapping process can sometimes leave behind small pockets of residual cytoplasm displaced to the periphery during the formation of the myelin sheath. (wikipedia.org)

collagen f's ( collagenous f's ) the soft, flexible, white fibers that are the most characteristic constituent of all types of connective tissue, consisting of the protein collagen, and composed of bundles of fibrils that are in turn made up of smaller units ( microfibrils ) that show a characteristic crossbanding with a major periodicity of 65 nm. (thefreedictionary.com)

The localization of peptidergic, catecholaminergic, and nitroxidergic nerve fibers in the ventral leptomeningeal connective tissue compartment was studied in whole-mount preparations and serial semithin and ultrathin sections. (semanticscholar.org)

We examined whether intradermal injection of capsaicin produced morphological changes in cutaneous nerve fibers that would account for its analgesic properties by comparing cutaneous innervation in capsaicin-treated skin with psychophysical measures of sensation. (jneurosci.org)

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is damage to or disease affecting nerves, which may impair sensation, movement, gland or organ function, or other aspects of health, depending on the type of nerve affected. (wikipedia.org)

A nerve cell communicates information to distant targets by sending electrical signals down a long, thin part of the cell called the axon. (nih.gov)

CIPA is caused by a genetic mutation which prevents the formation of nerve cells which are responsible for transmitting signals of pain, heat, and cold to the brain. (wikipedia.org)

citation needed] The inner hair cells transform the sound vibrations in the fluids of the cochlea into electrical signals that are then relayed via the auditory nerve to the auditory brainstem and to the auditory cortex. (wikipedia.org)

Simplified, nerve fibers' signals are transported by bushy cells to the binaural areas in the olivary complex, while signal peaks and valleys are noted by stellate cells, and signal timing is extracted by octopus cells. (wikipedia.org)

If the response is the whole body response, as in sympathetic fight or flight, the signals are distributed to other spinal nerves by way of gray rami communicantes which serve as conduits between the spinal nerves. (wikipedia.org)

They send these signals by means of an axon, which is a thin protoplasmic fiber that extends from the cell body and projects, usually with numerous branches, to other areas, sometimes nearby, sometimes in distant parts of the brain or body. (wikipedia.org)

The ophthalmic nerve (V1) carries sensory information from the scalp and forehead, the upper eyelid, the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye, the nose (including the tip of the nose, except alae nasi), the nasal mucosa, the frontal sinuses and parts of the meninges (the dura and blood vessels). (wikipedia.org)

The three major branches of the trigeminal nerve-the ophthalmic nerve (V1), the maxillary nerve (V2) and the mandibular nerve (V3)-converge on the trigeminal ganglion (also called the semilunar ganglion or gasserian ganglion), located within Meckel's cave and containing the cell bodies of incoming sensory-nerve fibers. (wikipedia.org)

Motor fibers pass through the trigeminal ganglion on their way to peripheral muscles, but their cell bodies are located in the nucleus of the fifth nerve, deep within the pons. (wikipedia.org)

Because the frog spinal cord is relatively simpler and easier to remove, and the relationships between the nerve roots are more apparent, that shift simplified Müller's design and allowed for better reproducibility of the experiment as well. (wikipedia.org)

The degeneration of motor nerves results in muscle weakness and atrophy in the extremities (arms, legs, hands, or feet), and in some cases the degeneration of sensory nerves results in a reduced ability to feel heat, cold, and pain. (nih.gov)

Examinations of the nerve structure and function showed signs of neuronal degeneration such as a marked reduction in the number of myelinated fibers and axonal loss. (wikipedia.org)

adrenergic f's nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system that liberate norepinephrine (and possibly small amounts of epinephrine ) at a synapse when a nerve impulse passes. (thefreedictionary.com)

Each spinal nerve receives a branch called a gray ramus communicans (plural rami communicantes) from the adjacent paravertebral ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. (wikipedia.org)

From here, the postganglionic sympathetic neuron can travel back out the grey ramus communicans of that level to the mixed spinal nerve and on to the effector organ. (wikipedia.org)

Our objective in this study was to evaluate the correlation between C-fiber involvement as shown by skin biopsy and adrenergic cardiac metaiodobenzylguanadine (MIBG) uptake in POTS patients. (wiley.com)

Here we show that peripheral nerve injury (PNI) produced by either sciatic nerve constriction or transecting two of its main branches causes an increase in BSCB permeability, as assessed by using Evans Blue dye or horseradish peroxidase. (nih.gov)

BSCB permeability was also increased 24 hours after electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve at intensity sufficient to activate C-fibers, but not when A-fibers only were activated. (nih.gov)

D1 and D2 immunolabeling was localized to cochlear nerve fibers, near the first nodes of Ranvier (D2) and in the inner spiral bundle region (D1 and D2) where presynaptic olivocochlear terminals are found. (jneurosci.org)

The MOC fibers form the effector arm of a sound-evoked inhibitory reflex that performs rapid (within tens of milliseconds) automatic gain-control on the mechanical amplifier powered by OHC electromotility. (jneurosci.org)

Motor nerves cause muscles to contract and control voluntary muscle activity such as speaking, walking, breathing, and swallowing. (nih.gov)

The motor component of the mandibular division (V3) of the trigeminal nerve controls the movement of eight muscles, including the four muscles of mastication: the masseter, the temporal and the medial and lateral pterygoids. (wikipedia.org)

Fourteen subjects (7 female, 7 male) were each given two to four control tests with cowhage on the dorsum of the hand within the anticipated autonomous zone of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (in the region of the interosseus muscle and extending to the base of the thumb and adjacent two fingers). (jneurosci.org)

In rare cases, the disease is accompanied with nerve deafness and muscle wasting. (wikipedia.org)