G-13: The Federal Bureaucracy - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

G-13: The Federal Bureaucracy. Chapter 13- The Federal Bureaucracy. (1). Define what a bureaucracy is, and summarize its key characteristics and its nature. (2). Examine the structure, organization, roles and tasks of the Federal Bureaucracy .

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Advice and consent: Refers to the provision in Article II of the Constitution that requires the president to gain the Senate’s approval of appointees to a variety of government positions.

Bureaucracy: In general usage, the set of government agencies that carries out government policies. The bureaucracy is characterized by formalized structures, specialized duties, a hierarchical system of authority, routine record keeping, and a permanent staff.

Bureaucrats: A term used generally to identify anyone who works within a large, formal organization. More specifically, it refers to career civil service employees of the government.

Cabinet: An informal designation that refers to the collective body of individuals appointed by the president to head the executive departments. The cabinet can, but rarely does, function as an advisory body to the president.

Civil service: The method by which most government employees have been hired, promoted, and fired since the 1880s. Personnel decisions are based on merit, or the competence of the individual to do the job, rather than the individual’s political loyalties.

Clientele: The recipients of the services a government agency’s programs provide.

Expertise: Specialized knowledge acquired through work experience or training and education.

Iron triangles: The alliance of a government agency, congressional committee or subcommittee, and political interest group for the purpose of directing government policy within the agency’s jurisdiction to the mutual benefit of the three partners.

Issue networks: A loose collection of groups or people in and out of government who interact on a policy issue on the basis of their interest and knowledge rather than just on the basis of economic interests.

Patronage: The practice of rewarding partisan supporters with government jobs. Also known as the spoils system.

Rule adjudication: Determining whether an agency’s rules have been violated.

Rule administration: The core function of the bureaucracy—to carry out the decisions of Congress, the president, or the courts.

Rule making: Formulating the rules for carrying out the programs a bureaucratic agency administers.

Spoils system: The method used to hire and fire government employees during most of the 1800s. Government employees of the new president’s choosing would replace those a previous president had appointed. Government jobs were the “spoils” (or rewards) of the electoral “wars.” This system was also known as patronage.