This volume is an output of the Regional Project on Training and Research of Mangrove Ecosystems RAS/79/002 (UNESCO). The Preface is followed by an Introduction by Mme Vanucci (Chief Technical Advisor, UNDP/UNESCO Regional Project). A 2-paged methodology describes both the Field and Laboratory Techniques. Mangrove species of the world are enlisted in three pages. Terminology and the Key of mangrove pollen and spores precede 42 plates with 772 light microscopic photographs of 60 species belonging to 25 genera and 18 families. The evolution of the mangrove during the Quaternary and from the Upper Cretaceous to Recent and their Tertiary records are dealt with before the conclusion and bibliography.