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Mining and processing earth's materials form the basic building blocks from which many technological advancements and products are made. Virtually all metallic and non-metallic products are derived from a substance found in our earth that we blend, mold, extrude, or pulverize into something useful. The mining industry is responsible for the first step of this process: extraction from the ground. Mining, particularly coal mining, poses significant risks to both humans and machines. As, raw materials are forcibly broken or blasted apart, then roughly yet effectively excavated by large transport vehicles or by vertical and incline hoists , human operators must battle noise, dust, mud, and darkness while controlling and maintaining their machinery and keeping themselves and their crews safe from harm. Such a hazardous work environment poses extraordinary challenges to mine operators who must vigilantly recognize and control the perils of mining. While mining is essential to the progress and productivity of our society, the early years of mining was characterized by miners' poor health, common accidents, and environmental impacts. Poor safety and health practices were costly in both personal injuries and property damage. Thanks to safety and environmental regulations and diligence from the mining community, mining safety records have significantly improved over the last 50 years, and progress in this area continues. As digital human modeling (DHM) has been more prevalently used by human factors and ergonomics professionals to analyze workplace hazards and improve workplace design (Brown. 1999; Badler et. al. 2002; Chaffin, 2002; Maatta, 2003; Ferguson & Marras, 2004, Colombo & Cugini, 2005; Zhang & Chaffin, 2006), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pittsburgh Research Laboratory (PRL) also saw the benefits to using DHM in their computer-simulated mining environments. This chapter features how researchers use DHM to assess and ultimately decrease the occupational risk and threats faced by underground coal mine machine operators.