Russia faces very large challenges in modernising its large transport system. Promoting competition in the transport sector is essential, in particular by effectively opening the railway freight market to independent operators.

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Reducing the role of the state in the economy and WTO membership should be viewed as opportunities to strengthen competition, and hence provide incentives for productivity improvements, which are urgently required to ensure stronger growth in Russia because of a shrinking labour force.

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The labour market in Russia is very flexible. This results in a high and stable overall employment rate, but also high wage inequality, informality and labour turnover, which limits incentives for firms to invest in human capital and productivity improvements.

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This country note from Going for Growth 2015 for the Russian Federation identifies and assesses progress made on key reforms to boost long-term growth, improve competitiveness and productivity and create jobs.

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Despite the slowdown of the world economy, Russia has continued to grow. Most importantly, your macroeconomic house is basically in order, with inflation largely under control, public finances close to balance, and a current account surplus. But growth must become sustainable and fair through the implementation of the right policy mix, said OECD Secretary-General.

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This paper takes stock of informal employment in Russia analysing its incidence and determinants. Using the regular 2003-11 waves and an informality supplement of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) it develops several measures of informal employment and demonstrates that the incidence varies widely across the different definitions.

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Building an international tax system that is transparent, efficient and fair, will serve our economies, our governments and our citizens, said OECD Secretary-General at the G20 summit in St. Petersburg.