1Center for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, 2Dartmouth Biomedical Engineering Center, Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth, 3Department of International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada, 2 Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Orthopaedics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada