*Excluded from analyses were the following small countries: Seychelles, Reunion and Comoros, which are at negligible malaria risk and the islands of Sao Tome & Principe and Cap Verde, which are subject to stable transmission but have not been precisely characterized in the malaria risk model. Calculations used country-specific age distributions, based on HIV-1 prevalence estimates by UNAIDS/World Health Organization (WHO) for end of 2005[27], and assuming urban/rural ratios in HIV prevalence estimated by UNAIDS/WHO) for end of 2003 [27, 28]

† Urban and rural populations were based on countries' definitions[12], without standardization between countries.

‡ Individual at risk is person living in a malaria prone area.

$ Weighted according to countries' population size living in malaria endemic areas.