is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume

minute respiratory volume

the amount of air moved in and out in a minute

forced expiratory volume

the volume of air exhaled over a measured period of time

peak flow

measures the maximum rate of air flow during a forced expiration

anatomical dead space

the air that rests in the trachea, mainstem bronchi, and bronchioles and is unavailable for gas exchange

this controls ventilation

medulla

Hering-Breuer Reflex

Stretch receptors in the pleurae and airways are stimulated by lung inflation. Inhibitory signals to the medullary respiratory centers end inhalation and allow expiration to occur. prevents over inflation

normal human PH

7.35-7.45

pH means

potential of hydrogen. a measure of relative acidity or alkalinity. since the pH scale is inverse to the concentration of acidic hydrogen ions, the lower the pH, the greater the acidity and the higher the pH, the greater the alkalinity.

Diffusion

the process by which gases move between the alveoli and the here is a high concentration of gas into an area of low concentrationpulmonary capillaries. gases tend to flow from areas in which t

-------risk factors are those that are influenced by or are from within the patient.

intrinsic

the anatomical difference between the two mainstem bronchi helps to explain why;

gastric contents tend to pass down the right mainstem broncus into the lungs

pneumonia that results from aspiration is more common in the right lung.

endotraceal tubes advanced too far into the trachea will pass into the right mainstem

the alveoli are moisened and kept open because of the presence of an important chemical called______ that is secreted by type II cells found on the alveolar surface.

surfactant

nerve impulses from the ____ nerve, which begins in the region of the cervical portion of the spinal cord and travels through the chest cavity, stimulate the diaphram to contract

phrenic

the total volume of air in the lungs, called the ___ ____ _____, measures approximately 6,000mL in an adult male

total lung capacity

the most important determinant of the ventilatory rate is the arteria;

PCO2

the oxygen dissociation curve can be altered by changes in the:

PCO2, blood ph, body temperature

cellular respiration occurs in the peripheral:

capillaries

_____ ____ is (are) characterized by long, deep breaths that are stopped during the inspiratory phase and separated by periods of apnea:this patter is a result of stoke or severe central nervous system disease.

apneustic respirations

common medications used by patients with COPD include:

theophylline, cromolyn sodium, antibiotic agents

a whistling sound due to narrowing of the airways by edema, bronchoconstbronchoconstriction, or foreign materials

wheezing

the preferred abbreviation to describe oxygen saturation measurement

spo2

_____ is a graphic recording or display of the capnometry readinjg over time

capnography

_____ describes an excess of red blood cells resulting in an abnormally high hematocrit

polycythemia

the paramedic should meausre _____ to determine the severity of an asthma attack and the degree of response to treatment