The detection of antibiotics is critical and challenging due to the pervasive use of antibiotics had inevitably brought some negative impacts on ecosystem and human health. Herein, we reported an anti-interfere ability enhanced luminescent sensor of lanthanide metal-organic framework (Ln-MOF) filled mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), which combining the processibility of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer with Ln-MOF of {[Tb2(AIP)2(H2O)10]·(AIP)·4H2O}n (Tb-AIP, where AIP is 5-aminoisophthalate) fillers...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of two resolutions to restrict antibiotic use (RDCs no. 44/2010 and 20/2011) in the Campinas metropolitan area (Sao Paulo, Brazil) on antibiotic consumption, resistance rates, and trends in Escherichia coli-causing community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). METHODS: The annual retail sale information of antibiotics from drugstores in the Campinas metropolitan area between 2008 and 2012 were obtained through the Intercontinental Medical Statistics Health of Brazil...

Bioelectrodegradation of various organic pollutants has been extensively studied. However, whether different cathode potentials could alter the antimicrobial-degrading biocathode community structure and composition remain poorly understood. Here, the microbial community structure and composition of the nitrofurans nitrofurazone (NFZ) degrading biocathode in response to different cathode potentials (-0.45±0.01, -0.65±0.01 and -0.86±0.05V vs standard hydrogen electrode, with applied cell voltages of 0.2, 0...

A novel series of pyridyl nitrofuranyl isoxazolines were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against multiple drug resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus strains. Compounds with piperazine linker between the pyridyl group and isoxazoline ring showed better activity when compared to compounds without the piperazine linker. 3-Pyridyl nitrofuranyl isoxazoline with a piperazine linker was found to be more active than corresponding 2-and 4-pyridyl analogues with MICs in the range of 4-32µg/mL against MDR Staphylococcus strains...

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a simple, fast, and specific extraction method for the analysis of 64 antibiotics from nine classes (including sulfonamides, quinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamide, nitrofurans, β-lactams, nitromidazoles, and cloramphenicols) in chicken eggs. Briefly, egg samples were simply extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile-water (90:10, v/v) and 0.1 mol·L(-1) Na2EDTA solution assisted with ultrasonic. The extract was centrifuged, condensed, and directly analyzed on a liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry...

Nitrofurans undergo intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions with tethered electron-poor dienophiles more rapidly and in higher yield than non-nitrated furans. Computational studies indicate that increased stabilization of a partial positive charge on the nitro-substituted carbon in both transition state and product is the driving force for these reactions. Frontier molecular orbital energy differences indicate a switch from normal to inverse electron demand upon nitration. There does not appear to be a contribution from any differences in aromatic stabilization energy between furans and nitrofurans...

BACKGROUND: Nitroreductases, NAD(P)H dependent flavoenzymes, are found in most of bacterial species. Even if Enterococcus faecalis strains seems to present such activity because of their sensitivity to nitrofurans, no enzyme has been described. Nitroreductases were separated of others reductases due to their capacity to reduce nitro compounds. They are further classified based on their preference in cofactor: NADH and/or NADPH. However, recently, azoreductases have been studied for their strong activity on nitro compounds, especially nitro pro-drugs...

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nitrofuranes applied for the treatment of chronic tonsillitis. A total of 92 subjects divided into three cohorts were involved in this study. Cohort 1 included 43 patients presenting with decompensated chronic tonsillitis and having pathogens in palatine tonsil lacunae. Cohort 2 was comprised of 13 patients with compensated chronic tonsillitis having pathogenic microflora of the same localization, while Cohort 3 was composed of 36 patients resembling those of cohort 1 in terms of clinical presentation, pathogen composition, and microbial spectrum...

A facile two-step synthetic approach to fluorinated and non-fluorinated 5-aryl-4-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-pyrimidines from readily available 5-bromo-4-(furan-2-yl)pyrimidine has been developed. All synthesized compounds were screened in vitro for their antibacterial activities against twelve various bacterial strains. It is demonstrated that some of these compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activities against strains Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus, comparable and even higher with that commercial drug Spectinomycin...

Escherichia coli is the main cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) in ambulatory patients, especially strains belonging to the B2 phylogenetic group and ST131 clonal group. Antibiotic treatment is usually administered empirically; however, it is not always effective due to bacterial multidrug resistance and the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). The aim of this study was to characterize E. coli clinical isolates from patients with UTI in a community of the State of Guerrero, Mexico. From January to August 2014, 134 clinical isolates of E...

Environmental pollution caused by the discharge of mutagenic and carcinogenic nitrofurans to the aquatic and soil environment is an emerging public health concern because of the potential in producing drug-resistant microbes and being uptaken by food crops. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis and with spring onion (Allium wakegi Araki) as the plant model, we investigated in this study the plant uptake and accumulation of nitrofuran from a contaminated environment. Our study revealed for the first time high uptake and accumulation rates of nitrofuran in the edible parts of the food crop...

Nitrofurans are a group of widely used veterinary antibiotics, which have been banned due to antibiotics pollution. Development of a rapid and effective method for the detection of nitrofuran antibiotics (NFAs) is an important challenge. Herein, we designed a chemical sensor based on a thin-film composed of the lanthanide metal-organic framework (Ln-MOF) {[Eu2 (BCA)3 (H2 O)(DMF)3 ]⋅0.5DMF⋅H2 O}n (Eu-BCA, in which BCA is 2,2'-biquinoline-4,4'-dicarboxylate) coated on a cost-effective stainless steel wire mesh (SSWM) by Co3 O4 nano-anchor fixation method...

A sensitive method for the simultaneous residues analysis of 62 veterinary drugs in feeds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated in accordance to Commission Decision 657/2002/EC. Additionally, limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantitation (LOQ), matrix effects and measurement uncertainty were also assessed. Extraction was performed for all analytes and respective internal standards in a single step and chromatographic separation was achieved in only 12min. LOQ were set to 0...

Giardia lamblia is an important and ubiquitous cause of diarrheal disease. The primary agents in the treatment of giardiasis are nitroheterocyclic drugs, particularly the imidazoles metronidazole and tinidazole and the thiazole nitazoxanide. Although these drugs are generally effective, treatment failures occur in up to 20% of cases, and resistance has been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro Prior work had suggested that side chain modifications of the imidazole core can lead to new effective 5-nitroimidazole drugs that can combat nitro drug resistance, but the full potential of nitroheterocycles other than imidazole to yield effective new antigiardial agents has not been explored...

A set of structurally diverse N-amino δ-lactams decorated with a 5-nitro-2-furyl moiety was synthesized using isocyanide-based multicomponent chemistry and evaluated for antibacterial activity. Three compounds displayed a selective and potent (MIC 22-33μM) inhibition of M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain growth, while other Gram-positive (MRSA and E. faecium) or Gram-negative (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae) pathogens were not affected. The compounds also displayed moderate-low cytotoxicity, as demonstrated in cell line viability assays...

Bee pollen collected by honeybees, which is in powdered form, is a good nutritional supplement. Nitrofuran antibiotics are assumed not to be present in bee pollen, which is important as the level of antibiotics in bee pollen is strongly regulated in many countries. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to detect nitrofurans in honey has been developed, but this method is not suitable for bee pollen because of it being in powdered form. During preparation of bee pollen samples, the dispersal of powder particles in an aqueous solution often makes them susceptible to forming an emulsion with solvent components such as hexane and ethyl acetate...

The need for new treatments for the neglected tropical diseases African sleeping sickness, Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis remains urgent with the diseases widespread in tropical regions, affecting the world's very poorest. We have previously reported bis-tetrahydropyran 1,4-triazole analogues designed as mimics of the annonaceous acetogenin natural product chamuvarinin, which maintained trypanocidal activity. Building upon these studies, we here report related triazole compounds with pendant heterocycles, mimicking the original butenolide of the natural product...

The mechanisms for the development and spread of antibacterial resistance (ABR) in bacteria residing in environmental compartments, including the marine environment, are far from understood. The objective of this study was to examine the ABR rates in Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from marine bivalve mollusks collected along the Norwegian coast during a period from October 2014 to November 2015. A total of 549 bivalve samples were examined by a five times three tube most probable number method for enumeration of E...

Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging Flavivirus, was recently associated with severe neurological complications and congenital diseases. Therefore, development of antiviral agents capable of inhibiting ZIKV replication is urgent. Chloroquine is a molecule with a confirmed safety history for use with pregnant women, and has been found to exhibit anti-ZIKV activity at concentrations around 10 μM. This suggests that modifications to the chloroquine structure could be promising for obtaining more effective anti-ZIKV agents...

Practical solutions for multiple antibiotic determination in food are required by the food industry and regulators for cost-effective screening purposes. This study describes the feasibility in development and preliminary performance of a novel multispot nanoarray for antibiotic screening in honey. Using a multiplex approach, the metabolites of the four main nitrofuran antibiotics, including morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidone (AMOZ), 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), semicarbazide (SEM), 1-aminohydantoin (AHD) and chloramphenicol (CAP), were simultaneously detected...