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Hong Kong Post-colonial Cinema -
The Construction of the ‘Western Other’ in Hong Kong Post-colonial Cinema Hong Kong has always remained a very unique city, one which is said to have ‘a Western past, an Eastern future’. Since its colonisation by the British in the 1860s, it has maintained to a very large extent its Chinese identity and its connection to its Motherland, while at the same time, has frequent contact with the Western world, politically, economically, and culturally. Hong Kong’s unique position has made the city a vibrant international metropolis that acts as a bridge between East and West.... [tags: Post Colonial Hong Kong Culture Essays]

Post Colonial Literature -
Post colonial’ as we define it does not mean ‘post-independence’, or ‘after colonialism’, for this would be falsely ascribe an end to the colonial process. Post-colonialism, rather, begins from the very first moment of colonial contact. It is the discourse of oppositinality which colonialism brings into being” (pL.117) The term post colonial is resonant with all the doubts and complexities of the various cultural experiences it involves. It also addresses all aspects of the colonial process from the beginning of the colonial contact.... [tags: Literary Analysis ]

Orientalism and Post-Colonial Theory -
Orientalism and Post-Colonial Theory Fitting Said’s vision of Orientalism into post colonial theory is a fluid meeting of social discourse. As post colonial theory demands a “constant redefinition of both “politics” and “culture” in a rapidly globalizing world,” Said also questions how cultural power and privilege determines modern identity (Nealon and Giroux, 149). Said’s dialogue of “Oritentalism” demands a new look at history and the colonial processes imprinted upon so many peoples. It opens and engages discourses of racism and socio-economic inequality, and intrinsically asks how post-colonial theory translates into our lives today.... [tags: Essays Papers]

post colonial literature -
... Nwakibie, Ekwefi: Okonkwo's second wife. Ezinma, Chielo, Ogbuefi, Ezeudu, Uchende, Enoch: A religious zealot. The setting in Nigeria in Umuofia and Mbata village, around the turn of the 19th century is extremely important; it allows Okonkwo’s life to be on both sides of the pre- and post-European imperial era. Since Okonkwo experiences both periods, we the reader have a window into the dramatic changes that occurred in Igbo culture and society as a result of imperialism. For example, we see two different manners in which crimes of murdering a clansman are treated: Okonkwo is exiled for seven years under Igbo laws while another man, Aneto, is hanged by the white court for a similar crime.... [tags: things fall apart, chinua achebe]:: 18 Works Cited

post colonial -
George, Rosemary Marangoly, and Helen Scott. "An Interview with Tsitsi Dangarembga." Novel (Spring 1993):309-319. [This interview was conducted at the African Writers Festival, Brown Univ., Nov. 1991] Excerpt from Introduction: "Written when the author was twenty-five, Nervous Conditions put Dangarembga at the forefront of the younger generation of African writers producing literature in English today....Nervous Conditions highlights that which is often effaced in postcolonial African literature in English--the representation of young African girls and women as worthy subjects of literature....While the critical reception of this novel has focused mainly on the author's feminist agenda, in [this] interview...Dangarembga stresses that she has moved from a somewhat singular consideration of gender politics to an appreciation of the complexities of the politics of postcolonial subjecthood" (309).... [tags: essays research papers fc]

A Post-Colonial Liberation Reading of The Epistle to Philemon -
To read the texts of the Bible is to immerse oneself in a history, a history of events, and a history of understanding. As we open the pages of the canonical books, we are given a glimpse into the lives and issues of people many thousands of years ago and of the stories that have shaped the development of the church to the current day. At the same time, and following the call of 2 Timothy 3:16 , Christians take seriously what is written and reflect it into their own lives and realities, leading to interpretations and understandings of the text being applied in their own contexts.... [tags: The Bible]:: 6 Works Cited

Subverting Power: The Lesson of Post-Colonial Literature -
... 210) generalizes that this inherent bias was not unique to the purportedly scientific discipline of “Orietalism”, but that it was carried over to the discipline of “world history”, where scholars systematically excluded data that undermined the dominant narrative in the service of power. Agard’s poem is, in a sense, a reminder about the collection of data that these historiographers simply excluded from their analysis as they did not fit their preconceived conclusions. In effect, Agard’s poem exposes the unfaithfulness of the discipline to the principles that it claims to uphold.... [tags: Western societies, Adgard, Alizdeth, essentialism]:: 6 Works Cited

Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures -
Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures Introduction More than three-quarters of the people living in the world today have had their lives shaped by the experience of colonialism. It is easy to see how important this has been in the political and economic spheres, but its general influence on the perceptual frameworks of contemporary peoples is often less evident. Literature offers one of the most important ways in which these new perceptions are expressed and it is in their writing, and through other arts such as painting, sculpture, music, and dance that the day-to-day realities experienced by colonized peoples have been most powerfully encoded and so profoundly influential.... [tags: English Literature Writing]:: 5 Sources Cited

A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN FEMALE QUEST FOR SELF -IDENTITY IN MARGARET ATWOOD’S SURFACING AND SYLVIA PLATH’S -
... "Today when the term identity refers, more often than not, to something noisily demonstrative, to a more or less desperate 'quest,' or to an almost deliberately confused 'search...'" The nameless narrator in Margaret Atwood's novel is on the pathway of unresolved crisis, she stands at the crossroads between different values, and her insecurity of her self-certainty limits her presenting her self-image to others. The novel reflects her journey of finding a resolution for her identity crisis, her struggle to conquer one of the most difficult issues in lives.... [tags: history, post-colonial criticism]:: 7 Works Cited

Louis MacNiece: anomalous displacement and post-colonial identity -
Louis MacNiece: anomalous displacement and post-colonial identity I was the rector’s son, born to the anglican order, Banned forever from the candles of the Irish poor (“Carrickfergus”) Ireland inhabits a unique position within the current framework of post-colonial literature and theory. The history of Ireland and it’s relationship to England, from the twelfth century (when Henry II was decreed feudal lord of Ireland by the Pope) to the present day, is the history of a divided colonial nation synonymous with ideas of displacement, identity and culture.... [tags: Essays Papers]

Cry , the Beloved Country: Post-Colonial Literary Theory -
Cry , the Beloved Country: Post-Colonial Literary Theory Bibliography w/4 sources Cry , the Beloved Country by Alan Paton is a perfect example of post-colonial literature. South Africa is a colonized country, which is, in many ways, still living under oppression. Though no longer living under apartheid, the indigenous Africans are treated as a minority, as they were when Paton wrote the book. This novel provides the political view of the author in both subtle and evident ways. Looking at the skeleton of the novel, it is extremely evident that relationship of the colonized vs.... [tags: Cry the Beloved Country Essays]

Post-Colonial Themes in David Malouf's Remembering Babylon -
Post-Colonial Themes in David Malouf's Remembering Babylon It is interesting to note that, although in the context of this MA course we are studying Malouf's novel in terms of a post-colonial response, the author himself has expressed the opinion that it is not, strictly speaking, a post-colonial text. Most would agree with Malouf in that it is certainly not an example of resistance or response from a member of a colonised community in the same vein as, for example, Chinua Achebe or some Native Canadian authors.... [tags: Essays Papers]:: 2 Sources Cited

Decolonization, Nationalism, Imagining and Representing Communities: A review of Post-Colonial Literature -
In the course of Colonization, the world was divided into binary categories of the colonizer and colonized. These binary groups were based on a division of class, gender, race, ethnicity and the oppression of cultural traditions. Traditions of language, religion, labor, and social values were based on theologies of the colonizers, enforced upon the colonized. These binaries can be associated with the Manichean binaries discussed by Frantz Fanon in his book entitled The Wretched of the Earth. In Post-Coloniality, societies gain independence either through diplomatic political transitions or violent revolutions against the occupying force.... [tags: Literature Review]:: 7 Works Cited

Salman Rushdi: Using Magical Realism as a Post-Colonial Device -
Salman Rushdie is a meta-fiction writer, composing Midnight’s Children in a way that systematically draws attention to the fact that it’s a fictitious concoction questioning the relationship between fiction and reality. In Midnight’s Children, Rushdie uses historical events as reference points in the lives of his characters. Saleem Sinai’s life, and the lives of his familial predecessors, is defined by historical events. Beyond using historical events to denote the lives of his characters, Rushdie uses magical realism as a post-colonial device.... [tags: Literary Analysis ]:: 6 Works Cited

Colonialism and Post Colonial Ethnic Conflict in East African Countries -
From the end of the nineteenth century until the attainment of independence in the early 1960s, the countries of East Africa were under the colonial administration of European empires. After decades of foreign rule which saw unparalleled transformations within society, the post-colonial states that emerged have been blighted by ethnic conflict. It has been argued that the beliefs of British, Belgian and German administrators led them to completely reorganise the societies they governed based on a fictitious ‘tribal’ model, and in the process they invented ethnicity.... [tags: african history]

Colonialism and Imperialism - Heart of Darkness and Post-Colonial Theory -
Post-Colonial Theory and Heart of Darkness "Heart of Darkness" begins and ends in London; on the Nellie on the Thames. The most part, however, takes place in the Congo (now known as the Republic of the Congo). The Kongo, as it was originally known, was inhabited first by pygmy tribes and migratory 'Bantus' and was 'discovered' by the Portuguese in the 14th Century. The Portuguese brought with them Catholocism; European missionaries. The Congo was ruled by King Alfonso I from 1506 - 1540 and Shamba Bolongongo from 1600 - 1620.... [tags: Heart Darkness essays]

Colonialism and Imperialism - A Post-colonial Study of Heart of Darkness -
A Post-colonial Study of Heart of Darkness In this paper, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness will be examined by using a recent movement, Post-colonial Study that mainly focuses on the relationship between the Self and the Other, always intertwined together in considering one’ identity. The Other is commonly identified with the margin, which has been oppressed or ignored by Eurocentric, male-dominated history. Conrad is also conscious of the Other's interrelated status with the Self, but his main concern is the Self, not the Other, even though he deals with the natives. As Edward W.... [tags: Heart Darkness essays]:: 6 Works Cited :: 4 Sources Cited

Post Colonial Interpretations of Shakespeare’s The Tempest -
Post Colonial Interpretations of Shakespeare’s The Tempest “…do we really expect, amidst this ruin and undoing of our life, that any is yet left a free and uncorrupted judge of great things and things which reads to eternity; and that we are not downright bribed by our desire to better ourselves?” – Longinus Since the seventeenth century many interpretations and criticisms of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest have been recorded. Yet, since the play is widely symbolical and allegorical Shakespeare’s actual intentions behind the creation of the play can never be revealed.... [tags: Shakespeare Tempest]:: 4 Works Cited

The Meaning of Heart of Darkness in the Post-Colonial Climate -
The Meaning of Heart of Darkness in the Post-Colonial Climate Since its publication in 1899, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness has rarely been disputed on the basis of its literary merits; in fact, it was long seen as one of the great novels of the burgeoning modern era, a sort of bridge between the values and storytelling styles of the waning Victorian period and those of the modern era (Gatten), and regarded a high-ranking space amidst the great literature of the century, if not the millennia (Mitchell 20).... [tags: Heart Darkness essays]:: 7 Works Cited :: 5 Sources Cited

Colonialism and Africa -
Introduction Modern African states have several problems ranging from corruption, to armed conflict, to stunted structural development. The effects of colonialism have been offered as a starting point for much of the analysis on African states, but the question of why African states are particularly dysfunctional needs to be examined, given the extent to which they have lagged behind other former European colonies in many aspects. In the first section, I will consider the problems with African states from the level of the state.... [tags: African Countries, Post Colonial Africa]

Comparing the Native Characters in Colonial Literature to the European Characters in Post-Colonial -
Comparing the Native Characters in Colonial Literature to the European Characters in Post-Colonial Literature When European colonial authors introduced us to the native, they created the native; the native character became more real to European readers than the actual inhabitants of the new world. The natives' overwhelming otherness eclipsed any individuality that might have been found among them. The native was childish, incapable of reason, and savagely unchristian, or as Lord Cromer described him, a being which "generally acts, speaks and thinks in a manner that is exactly opposite to the European" (qtd.... [tags: Literature Essays Literary Criticism]:: 5 Works Cited

Post-colonial Criticism of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre -
A broad focus on Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre reveals multiple perspectives in which postcolonial criticism could be angled. For the most part, this study will explore the representation of a selection of foreign cultures as a foil to Europe’s presumed magnificence. Additionally, focus will be trained on the gender relations as an indicator of patriarchal colonialism. On this second point, the study will attempt to illustrate the various ways in which the character of Jane Eyre is deliberately constructed to counter the male colonialist ego.... [tags: Literary Analysis, Class and Gender Warfare]:: 4 Works Cited

History, Language and Post-colonial Issues in Brian Friel’s Translations -
History, Language and Post-colonial Issues in Brian Friel’s Translations Owen: Back to first principles. What are we trying to do. Yolland: Good question. Owen: We are trying to denominate and at the same time describe . . . ” Dun na nGall or Donegal. Muineachain or Monaghan. Same place, same difference. As Owen says about his own name: “Owen - Roland - what the hell. It’s only a name.” ( Translations ) For the student of post-colonial literature, what transpires in Friel’s play as the British army proceed to map this particular corner of the empire is that like language itself, it is not so much the naming and the changing of names but what that signifies and what those names signify in a particular context, coming from a particular mouth.... [tags: Essays Papers]

A post-colonial canonical and cultural revision of Conan Doyle's Holmes narratives -
A post-colonial canonical and cultural revision of Conan Doyle's Holmes narratives Redefining the British literary canon as imperial construct and influence 'A canon,' Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffiin argue, 'is not a body of texts per se, but rather a set of reading practices....' (189). They define 'reading practices' as 'the enactment of innumerable individual and community assumptions, for example about genre, about literature, and even about writing....' (189). The purpose of the following discussion is to investigate the link between the British literary canon and its attendant culture.... [tags: Essays Papers]:: 15 Sources Cited

Language Follows Evolution of Jackson and Trewe Relationship Paralleling the Colonization to Post-Colonial Movement in Pantomime -
Language Follows Evolution of Jackson and Trewe Relationship Paralleling the Colonization to Post-Colonial Movement in Pantomime The play opens on the edge of a cliff; anything can happen. Derek Walcott, a playwright from the Caribbean, lives his own life on the edge of a cliff. Walcott’s family placed strong emphasis on education and ancestry. His inherent duality, European and African, mirrors that of post-colonialism (Gilbert 131). It is this duality that Walcott tries to reconcile in his work, drawing on his experiences in the theatre and in the Caribbean (King 260).... [tags: Pantomime Essays]:: 12 Sources Cited

Post-colonialist Perceptions of Lewis’ Out of the Silent Planet -
Post-colonialist Perceptions of Lewis’ Out of the Silent Planet The Italian artist Michelangelo Buonarroti viewed the goal of sculpting as the manipulation of a marble block until the figure within is set free. Just as a carving artist seeks to release its piece from rock, a literary artist desires his art form to be carved from an obscure idea into clear apprehension. The most beautiful of these art pieces are placed in a museum of their own right, the literary canon. A great part of literature’s beauty is the ability of the artist to present his purpose in indiscrete ways, in some degree or another, sliding his message in the literature’s elements during its construction.... [tags: Post Colonialism Out of the Silent Planet Essays]:: 12 Works Cited

Post-Post Critiques of Racism -
Carrie Mae Weems and Hank Willis Thomas are two contemporary artists who are defying contemporary social and political categories and taking art photo into an engage era. The essays by Annie E Coombes provide a critical analysis of how the contemporary scene is moving beyond categories of post modern, and post race. Both are efforts to rescue contemporary artists who are dealing with forms of oppression from being described as old fashion or out of date. Carrie Mae Weems is an African American photographer.... [tags: Racism ]:: 5 Works Cited

Post-Colonialism -
... In these situations, the people of the colonized culture are seen as sub-human creatures that don’t deserve the same rights or compassion we bestow to the rest of our species. A character that gives us one of the best examples of Othering in The Power of One is Sgt. Bormann, a sadistic prison guard who is extremely prejudiced. He repeatedly beats the black prisoners, including P.K.’s friend Geel Piet, for little or no reason. Bormann once said to Piet, “Your day will come and it will be as black as your bloody soul.” This quote demonstrates that Sgt.... [tags: cultures, The Power of One, Pocahontas]

Shakespeare's Caliban and the Colonial Approach to Slaves -
Caliban: “Post Colonial Approach” The Shakespearean play, The Tempest, is one of the most controversial in terms of relationships in the play. The play was written in 1611 soon after the English arrived in America in 1607, launching the colonial period. This was the beginning of colonization to America, which lead to the evolution of indentured servants into slaves. Many critics have stated that the relationship between Prospero and Caliban was that of a slave and master and a representation of how the English colonized foreign lands that belonged to the indigenous Americans.... [tags: Literary Analysis, Colonialism]:: 4 Works Cited

The Roots of Apartheid: South Africa’s Colonial Experience -
In recent years, there have been efforts to understand the institution of apartheid in South Africa. From the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, to general study into the history of South Africa, much scholarship has been devoted to the study of the effects of apartheid and the atrocities committed in the post-World War II period. However, one topic remains largely un-researched—the origins of the vast apartheid structure instituted by the Herenigde (Reunited) National Party (HNP) in the late 1940’s and early 1950’s, different and larger than any other nation’s program .... [tags: South African Apartheid ]:: 6 Works Cited

The Effect of Cannibalism in Colonial Brazil -
This research paper will delve into the topic of cannibalism in native tribes of Brazil during the Portuguese colonization of the South American country. My research only the topic yielded very interesting results. Some scholars suggest that cannibalism (in the instances involving the Tupinamba tribe and their ritualistic practices) didn't even occur. This isn't to say, however, that cannibalism was completely nonexistent in Brazil, but arguing that it did not occur in the “savage” ways often described.... [tags: Sociology, Colonialism]:: 5 Works Cited

Mountains of the Moon: A Re-inscription of the Colonial Master Narrative -
Mountains of the Moon: A Re-inscription of the Colonial Master Narrative If Richard Burton and John Hanning Speke were alive in 1989 to see the release of Bob Rafelson’s Mountains of the Moon, what would their response to the film be? Would they agree with the way Rafelson’s film depicts their remarkable journey into Africa to find the source of the Nile River? Would they agree with the way the film dramatizes their relationship with each other? The answers to these questions would help a great deal in determining whether Rafelson’s film about Burton and Speke’s expedition was accurate, or whether his film was an attempt to sensationalize their story to increase its reception. Unfortunately, Burton and Speke are not around to answer these questions, which makes an analysis of these issues difficult. Therefore, rather than analyzing this film from a historical perspective, this critique is concerned with what story Rafelson’s film tells. How does Rafelson’s movie shape audience’s opinions about Burton and Speke as characters? Does his story, through visual rhetoric, retell or reinterpret Burton and Speke’s story? What role does Africa play in Rafelson’s film? The answers to these questions should help determine whether Rafelson’s film is a re-inscription of the colonial master narrative, or whether it is a post-colonial critique of European colonization.... [tags: Movie Film Essays]:: 6 Sources Cited

The Historical and Colonial Context of Brian Friel’s Translations -
The Historical and Colonial Context of Brian Friel’s Translations Regarded by many as Brian Friel’s theatrical masterpiece, Seamus Deane described Translations as “a sequence of events in history which are transformed by his writing into a parable of events in the present day” (Introduction 22). The play was first produced in Derry in 1980. It was the first production by Field Day, a cultural arts group founded by Friel and the actor Stephen Rea, and associated with Deane, Seamus Heaney and Tom Paulin.... [tags: Essays Papers]

The Genesis of a Backcountry Identity -
The Genesis of a Backcountry Identity In the North American English[1] colonial experience and in the subsequent post- revolutionary American Republic, the ability to assimilate either individually or collectively into the hierarchy of power represented a continually evolving process. Previously, throughout Europe’s ancient régime, a ridged hierarchy had dominated the social interaction of every facet of life and dictated that social positioning was a product of one’s birth and not open to unwarranted acts of social promotion.... [tags: Colonial America Colonization Essays]:: 22 Works Cited

Post-Colonialism: Trying To Regain Ethnic Individuality -
Indeed, the stranger has unusual customs. The white man held the paper like a sacred thing. His hands shook, and we mistrusted him... For how many moons will the stranger be among us. (Vera 43) The stranger still lives among the people of Zimbabwe, though the colonial political authority has left. Yet I wonder if the town elder speaking in the above passage from Yvonne Vera's Nehanda would recognize current Zimbabwean authorities as strangers or countrymen. Could he relate to today's government officials and understand the languages which they speak.... [tags: essays research papers fc]:: 3 Sources Cited

Producing Shakespeare in post-apartheid South Africa -
Begging the question: producing Shakespeare in post-apartheid South Africa This paper will examine the role of the school in the construction and dissemination of “Shakespeare” in post-apartheid South Africa. In the context of the history of English in the region, and of Shakespeare’s role in entrenching a particular kind of literacy, the paper aims ultimately to explore some of the implications for the industry of English Literature in post-apartheid South Africa. Shakespeare still has enormous cultural currency in South Africa as elsewhere; English has always been a language of power in the region, a situation whose continuance is unaffected by the recognition of 11 official languages.... [tags: William Shakespeare Play Production]:: 4 Sources Cited

Magic realism as post-colonialist device in Midnight's Children -
Magic realism as post-colonialist device in Midnight's Children Magic realism in relation to the post-colonial and Midnight's Children 'The formal technique of "magic realism,"' Linda Hutcheon writes, '(with its characteristic mixing of the fantastic and the realist) has been singled out by many critics as one of the points of conjunction of post-modernism and post-colonialism' (131). Her tracing the origins of magic realism as a literary style to Latin America and Third World countries is accompanied by a definition of a post-modern text as signifying a change from 'modernism's ahistorical burden of the past': it is a text that 'self-consciously reconstruct[s] its relationship to what came before' (131).... [tags: Essays Papers]:: 10 Sources Cited

The Japanese Colonial Legacy In Korea -
The Japanese Colonial Legacy In Korea North and South Korea are nations that while filled with contempt for Japan have used the foundations that Japan laid during the colonial period to further industrialization. Japan's colonization of Korea is critical in understanding what enabled Korea to industrialize in the period since 1961. Japan's program of colonial industrialization is unique in the world. Japan was the only colonizer to locate various heavy industry is in its colonies. By 1945 the industrial plants in Korea accounted for about a quarter of Japan's industrial base.... [tags: essays research papers]

Flann O'Brien, Dickens and Joyce: Form, Identity and Colonial Influences -
Flann O'Brien, Dickens and Joyce: Form, Identity and Colonial Influences All quotations from The Third Policeman are taken from the 1993 Flamingo Modern Classic edition. In this essay I intend to examine Flann O'Brien's The Third Policeman in the context of the time of its writing, 1940, its relation to certain English novelistic traditions and also the broader Irish literary tradition in which it belongs. Seamus Deane refers to Ireland as a "Strange Country" and indeed O'Brien's own narrator recalls the words of his father: " .... [tags: Essay]

Theories of Post-Coloniality: Edward W. Said and W.B. Yeats -
Theories of Post-Coloniality: Edward W. Said and W.B. Yeats (Citations from Said’s essay “Yeats and Decolonization” as published by Bay Press, not the Field Day pamphlet) Post-colonial theory, a mode of thought which accepts European Imperialism as a historical fact and attempts to address nations touched by colonial enterprises, has as yet failed to adequately consider Ireland as a post-colonial nation. Undoubtedly, Ireland is a post-colonial nation (where ‘post-’colonial refers to any consequence of colonial contact) with a body of literary work that may be read productively as post-colonial.... [tags: Essays Papers]

Colonial Representations of India in Prose Fiction -
Colonial Representations of India in Prose Fiction As in representations of the other British colonies, India was used by colonial novelists as a tool of displacement of the individual and re-affirmation of the metropolitan whole. There are three methods by which this effect is achieved. The first method displays an unqualified reliance on a culture too remote to be approached except physically: a hero or protagonist in a pre-mutiny novel is at liberty to escape to India at a moment of crisis, rearrange his life to his advantage and return to a happy ending and the establishment of a newly defined metropolitan life.... [tags: Essays Papers]

The Structural Ripeness for the Rise and Consolidation of One-party States in Africa Post Colonialism: The Case of Zambia -
The rise of many single-party states in Africa came after many nations had attained their independence from the colonial regimes. The governments that were to follow were indirectly a product of their colonial counterparts, seeking legitimacy through the people by drawing on nationalism and creating an image of a government with characteristics opposite in every way to the colonial administrations. The hindrance of democratization in these respective states and the consolidation of single-party states have several reasons that can be attributed to their developments which consist of finding legitimacy in tradition; constructing an image of single-party governments as the solution to the African situation by protesting divisions with a call for national unity; and promoting the development of the states as the prime concern rather than multi-party competition.... [tags: International Government ]:: 8 Works Cited

Liberals and Conservatives in Post Revolutionary Latin America -
Liberals and Conservatives in Post Revolutionary Latin America Models for post-revolutionary Latin American government are born of the complex economic and social realities of 17th and 18th century Europe. From the momentum of the Enlightenment came major political rebellions of the elite class against entrenched national monarchies and systems of power. Within this time period of elitist revolt and intensive political restructuring, the fundamental basis for both liberal and conservative ideology was driven deep into Latin American soil.... [tags: Latin American History]

Economic Policies in the Interwar Period and the Post-World War Two Period -
... The Great Depression impacted economic policies for stable growth and equitable distribution dramatically. By 1932, all of the leading trading countries had instituted protectionist policies to promote stable economic growth domestically. Protectionism entailed trading blocs, such as the United Kingdom imperial bloc, increased colonial trade, and bilateral trade agreements. Protectionism furthermore facilitated equitable growth distribution, by increasing domestic consumption for domestic industries, small businesses, workers, and farmers (Frieden, 185-6).... [tags: History, Informative]:: 1 Works Cited

The Bourgeoisie -
Karl Marx describes “Society as a whole [as being] more and more [split] up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other-bourgeoisie and proletariat” (Marx 124). As Marx made his distinction between upper class, bourgeoisie, and lower class, proletariats, it is important to keep in mind the societal structure at the time. To understand how classes were created and the disparity between the rich and poor, or, bourgeoisie and proletariat, it is necessary to examine how people came to be rich and poor. Exploring a time before money existed will help us to process and understand reasons why the binary between rich and poor exists and how it is reflective of low and high art distinctions. To reach a time before money was instituted, the philosophies of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau have each conceptualized human nature by studying man before the development of society and law. This process of moving into society with laws from a completely natural state, are referred to as stages of the state of nature. Rousseau’s conception of the state of nature deals with man living simply in nature and how the progression of society ultimately turns man against his fellow man. Rousseau’s model of the state of nature begins with 1) the happy savage stage, in which man is a free agent with motives of self-preservation, pity, and compassion. This stage is before the establishment of money and society, and man operates on instincts to survive and does not belong to a diverse group. This period with regard to time is before art exists or at least before anything can be interpreted as art. Motives for man at this stage are primarily of biological and physiological needs, such as food, sleep, and reproduction (Rousseau). This stage is void of any class distinctions, but these natural characteristics and needs based on instinct have been deemed barbaric and “primitive” with regard to art and within society. The nascent stage is stage 2), which involves emerging society and is characterized by one being born. There is no dependency upon others and there is no concept of property, and therefore no inequality within this stage (Rousseau). The breakdown of an emerging society is stage 3), which is signaled by the introduction of the division of labor and the creation of metallurgy and the arts. During this stage, property comes into the equation as natural resources become utilized in everyday life and people become dependent upon each other as a result of not providing for themselves as they did in the happy savage state. With the commodification of natural resources, there becomes a dependency between those who control the resources and all those who need to use them. At this stage of society people are no longer self-sufficient, but rely upon the network of society to provide food, shelter and jobs (Rousseau). At this level of society, the founders most often control the resources and begin to live in excess compared to the rest of the populace. Rousseau’s final stage 4) is the state of war, which is triggered when the rich deceive the poor, and the poor begin to rebel. This state of war is rooted in the transition from a free, independent mode of living to a regulated lifestyle within the constraints of society. Someone has to establish any society and as a result, those who establish society through control of the natural resources will monopolize power (Rousseau). As we see, art does not arrive until all physiological needs or the basic needs are met as is evident by the happy savage stage. Art arrives with the improvement of manual labor and hunter-gatherer techniques in the division of labor. The division of labor in turn creates divisions within society, and we can see that evidence in the French colonial enslavement of native peoples and African slave trade throughout history. The rich and poor binary can be considered synonymous with the civilized and primitive binary because the rich or bourgeoisie need to exist for those in the state of nature to be “primitive” or barbaric. During this time “The range of colonial debate swung between two poles: (1) Enlightenment principle evoking an image of the black as noble savage, in a state out of which whites had long ago evolved and which could be addressed by assimilation into a superior culture; and (2) racial theory evoking an image of the black as an unregenerate and barbaric savage, which subhuman condition could be mitigated through control of a superior culture but could not be altogether suppressed” (Nelson, 227). While French and European colonials utilized native and African slave workers as their form of labor, they simultaneously made themselves into the bourgeoisie and the natives into the proletariat. Especially with slave trade, the workers really had no choice. John Locke stated that joining a society is not necessarily voluntary. Locke delved into this concept of tacit agreement, by which one’s presence in the location of society makes one a member (Locke). We know this to be true in modern society, by which if we are within the jurisdiction of a particular city, we are bound by law to abide by specific rules and regulations. In the case of the natives and slaves, some were either coerced or sold into societies as menial workers. Some natives and slaves were taken from a state of nature in which survival instincts were all that were necessary and thrown into Rousseau’s 3rd stage of full-functioning society. For the natives and slaves to go from a life where one does not own anything and lives off of the earth to one where a white man controls forms of currency, places them at the proletariat end of the bourgeoisie binary. As we learned about binaries in class, one cannot exist without the other. The rich cannot exist without the poor. So, with the introduction of society man has gone from living from the earth and taking what one needs, to inventing tools and creating a division of labor which places the natural resources and power in the hands of a few. The hands that hold these resources, then do what they can to maintain and increase this power at the expense of the working class people who rely upon them. Art cannot exist without an upper class or bourgeoisie who have already eaten, slept, and found shelter. Art does not exist until there is time to go beyond mere survival.... [tags: Post-Modern Theory 2014]:: 4 Works Cited

Post Falls Dam -
... As the river cut through the gravel and down into bedrock, at the location of the falls the river carved three channels out of the bedrock. It is well-known that people lived in North America during the last ice age; however, archeologists have found no evidence of their existence in the northwest during that time. The first known inhabitants of what is now Post Falls were the Schitus’umsh (“we who were always here), who called the falls area Q’emlin (pronounced Ka-mee-lin) meaning “throat”.... [tags: Geography, Frederick Post]

Home Crafts In Colonial America -
The community of the American Colonies in the 16th to 17th century shared ideas and ways of life with one another. “The colonist came from many countries—England, France, Holland, Germany, and Spain. They brought with them their different customs and skills” (Corwin 7). Together they learned to formulate and develop items. Home crafts are gender specific; typically women became the ones who wove, sewed, embroidered, and quilted; while the men cleared land, farmed, cut wood, butchered and hunted animals.... [tags: US History Colonial Crafts]

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
For the last eight or nine years we have been hearing about a disorder that is seemingly new. This disorder is known as post traumatic stress. We hear on the news that a veteran had hurt his or her family and this disorder was the cause. We have seen the countless reports of the number of divorces that are cause by post traumatic stress. Just by reading the reports and watching the news one can conclude that this is a disorder that is cause by war. PTSD is not a diagnosis solely held by war veterans.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 3 Works Cited

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
In all honesty I did not hear the term Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) until some time after I re-deployed from Iraq in mid August 2003. Surely the term had been around long before them, but it wasn’t commonly used acronym in the military. I didn’t have nearly the frequent use that is has in today’s Army. Nowadays, everything a Soldier does is associated with PTSD even if the Soldier has not been diagnosed with it; it has become such a ill-used word that from what I can see everyone is try to jump on the band wagon.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]

Struggles in Post Civil War America -
The Civil War split the nation in half. It tore apart families, and Union soldiers against Confederate soldiers for four miserable years. From the first shots fired at Fort Sumter 1861, and ending with a unanimous Confederate victory in 1865. All in all 630,000 people died and many thousands wounded. The deaths in the Civil War totally surpassed the death totals from any other war (1). For those managed to survive the up hill battle just began, they faced many unknowns in a world moving in an uncertain direction.... [tags: Post Civil War]

Are We in a Post-Modern Age? -
This paper answers the question: Are We in a Post-Modern Age. Post-Modernism can be described as a particular style of thought. It is a concept that correlates the emergence of new features and types of social life and economic order in a culture; often called modernization, post-industrial, consumer, media, or multinational capitalistic societies. In Modernity, we have the sense or idea that the present is discontinuous with the past, that through a process of social, technological, and cultural change (either through improvement, that is, progress, or through decline) life in the present is fundamentally different from life in the past.... [tags: Post-Modernity]

The Influence of Sor Juana and Catalina de Erauso on Colonial Latin American Society -
Colonial Latin American society in the Seventeenth Century was undergoing a tremendous amount of changes. Society was transforming from a conquering phase into a colonizing phase. New institutions were forming and new people and ideas flooded into the new lands freshly claimed for the Spanish Empire. Two remarkable women, radically different from each other, who lived during this period of change are a lenses through which many of the new institutions and changes can be viewed. Sor Juana and Catalina de Erauso are exceptional women who in no way represent the norm but through their extraordinary tales and by discovering what makes them so extraordinary we can deduce what was the norm and how society functioned during this era of Colonial Latin America.... [tags: Colonial Latin American]

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) -
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnosis that was associated with survivors of war when it was first introduced. Its diagnosis was met largely with skepticism and dismissal by the public of the validity of the illness. PTSD was only widely accepted when it was included as a diagnosis in 1980 in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association. PTSD is a complex mental disorder that develops in response to exposure to a severe traumatic event that stems a cluster of symptoms.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 4 Works Cited

Validation of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
The intention of this study is to validate the issue of PTSD which some have attempted to discredit as a medical condition. To achieve this, the magnitude and incidence rate of the condition requires robust evidence. This study is taking secondary data from the Vietnam Veterans National Readjustment Survey (NVVRS) and developing the analysis further. The technique employed here is Meta analysis which is more typically used for quantitative literature applications. In any analysis of secondary data it is crucial to consider the incidence rates of mental health issues among those who fought in Vietnam.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]

Causes of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
Post traumatic stress disorder focus primarily on the way that the mind is affected by traumatic experiences. At least 50% of all adults and children are exposed to a psychologically traumatic event they either have been through war or have witnessed a death, threat to their life, bad accident, a bad natural disaster such as earthquake, tornado etc. PTSD is linked to structural neurochemical changes in the central nervous system which may have a direct biological effect on health, vulnerability to hypertension and atherosclerotic heart disease.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 9 Works Cited

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Veterans -
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), originally associated with combat, has always been around in some shape or form but it was not until 1980 that it was named Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and became an accredited diagnosis (Rothschild). The fact is PTSD is one of many names for an old problem; that war has always had a severe psychological impact on people in immediate and lasting ways. PTSD has a history that is as long and significant as the world’s war history - thousands of years. Although, the diagnosis has not been around for that long, different names and symptoms of PTSD always have been.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 4 Works Cited

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Veterans -
This essay discusses Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its effect on combat soldiers involved in the Afghanistan and Iraq Wars. The goal of this paper is to inform others about what the soldiers deal with during and after combat and the different treatments available for them to cope with and hopefully overcome this disorder. PTSD is an anxiety disorder that develops when someone is witness to or experiences a traumatic event. PTSD has specific symptoms resulting from traumatic life threatening experiences.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Veterans -
Military service members who are and have been deployed to the middle east show high levels of emotional distress and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Both active duty and reserve component soldiers who have experienced combat have been exposed to high levels of traumatic stress. As a consequence, many have gone on to develop a wide range of mental health problems such as PTSD. “According to researchers, PTSD is a long-term reaction to war-zone exposure that can last up to a few minutes, hours, several weeks, and for some a lifetime.” Common symptoms include: emotional numbing, anxiety, feelings of guilt, and depression.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]

Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological condition that occurs after a traumatic event. In the DSM-IV, it is characterized under anxiety disorders. Some common symptoms include, but are not limited to, intense fear, reliving the experience, persistent avoidance, numbing, diminished interest, and increased arousal. In order to be diagnosed, these symptoms need to be present for more than one month. Subsequently there are many types of treatment for this disorder. In particular the ones that will be discussed in depth are cognitive-behavioral therapy, pharmacotherapy, and lastly treatment for children and adolescents.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 6 Works Cited

Towards a New and Integrated Language: A Rejection of Post-Modernism -
The term post-modernism has gradually become popular with music commentaries since the phrase was first coined in the early mid 1960's. It was adopted as a way of explaning the rise of so called 'populist' music in the era of the avant garde. The history of the term can be traced to the upsurge in parodying the past in art and architecture and was thought to be a new aesthetic which would eventually replace modernism. In music, this apparently new aesthetic was first represented by composers like Rochberg who were disaffected with serialism and a so called allienation between the composer and the audience by modernist music.... [tags: language, post-modern,]

Defining Post-Modernism -
Defining Post-Modernism In trying to define exactly what post-modernism is I shall firstly briefly consider some of the events and thinking that led up to the development of this particular school of social theory. I shall then consider some of the common strands of thinking in postmodernism concentrating mainly on the writings of Jean-Francois Lyotard and Jean Baudrillard. I shall then consider the view of David Harvey, a Marxist many consider to be writing in the postmodern tradition, who argues that post-modernism is just another form of capitalism.... [tags: Definition post Modernism]:: 4 Sources Cited

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Veterans -
Hundreds of thousands of United States veterans are not able to leave the horrors of war on the battlefield (“Forever at War: Veterans Everyday Battles with PTSD” 1). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the reason why these courageous military service members cannot live a normal life when they are discharged. One out of every five military service members on combat tours—about 300,000 so far—return home with symptoms of PTSD or major depression. According to the Rand Study, almost half of these cases go untreated because of the disgrace that the military and civil society attach to mental disorders (McGirk 1).... [tags: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, mental health]:: 11 Works Cited

Analyzing Spartacus' Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
The character I have chosen to analyze having post traumatic stress disorder is Spartacus, who is played by Andy Whitfield on the hit series Spartacus Blood and Sand on Starz. Spartacus Blood and Sand is directed by Grady Hall and Rick Jacobson. Spartacus is a Thracian solider who was punished for his betrayal against the Roman Commander Legatus Claudius Glaber, played by Craig Parker. Spartacus was to be executed in the gladiatorial games and his wife Sura, played by Erin Cummings, was to be sold as a slave.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 3 Works Cited

Symptoms, Causes and Treatment of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
Introduction Throughout history the world as we know it has introduced several chapters of natural disasters, terror and wars. To name a few recent events: the war in Iraq, the terror attack “9.11” and the earth quake on the island Haiti. People who have been involved in one of these kinds of events often seem to develop a set of common symptoms in spite of the different events they have experienced. This has caused scientists and psychologists to study whether these people develop the same disorder based on their experience.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 4 Works Cited

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Treatment -
In 1980, the term Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) first came into existence in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III). Only in 1987 did the DSM series make reference to traumatized children. The first major studies of the effects of large traumas on children were Bloch's 1956 study of the effect of a tornado in Mississippi, Lacey's 1972 study of the effects of an avalanche on a Welsh school, Newman's 1976 work on the Buffalo Creek disaster and Terr's 1979 research on the Chowchilla bus kidnapping.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 5 Works Cited

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Air Crash Victims -
Accidents occur unexpectedly and the effects they bring about may be severe depending on their nature. The effects that are brought about by accidents vary in severity, and duration within which they affect individuals either directly or indirectly attached to the incidence. Air crash is one of the most fatal accidents and in most of the reported cases; there have been more casualties than survivors. The effects that are brought about by an air crash may be classified as either physical or psychological.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 4 Works Cited

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder The Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that may develop in people after a horrible experience. This is a big reaction to extreme stress. There are many causes, symptoms, and treatments for the post-traumatic stress disorder. There are many causes this disorder has, and this includes: coming out of war, being raped, or attacked, child abuse, natural disasters, car accidents, and even people who witness traumatic events could develop this disorder. A person who has experienced a bad traumatic event has a better chance of developing this disorder than a person who experienced a less traumatic event develops.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]

Post Modernism and Architecture -
Post Modernism and Architecture If one were to walk around and casually ask five people what post modernism was they would probably get five different answers or none at all. It is one of those indefinable academic terms that applies to many different fields of study. Most people seem to understand what it means individually but few agree collectively. To make matters even more complicated, it is often used in discussions about deconstruction. "To some Post Modernism is an excuse to pile together oodles of wild and crazy decor, to others it is another example of the weakness of standards and values.... [tags: Architecture Post Modernism Architects Essays]

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder -
There are hundreds of different kinds of psychiatric disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV). One of them is called Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on the research, post-traumatic disorder usually occurs following the experience or witnessing of life-threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents, or violent personal assaults like rape (Harvard Women’s Health Watch, 2005).... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 1 Sources Cited :: 3 Sources Consulted

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
Journal According to Sigmund Freud, events and emotions that are particularly disturbing are repressed into the unconscious. Often times this theory is true, but for people suffering from post traumatic stress disorder, they only wish that it were true. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD, is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. People with PTSD have persistent frightening thoughts and memories of their ordeal and feel emotionally numb, especially with people they were once close to.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
After experiencing a traumatic event, the mind has been known to horde away the details and memories and then send them back at unexpected times and places, sometimes after years have passed. It does so in a haunting way that makes the recall just as disturbing as the original event. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is the name for the acquired mental condition that follows a psychologically distressing event "outside the range of usual human experience" (Bernstein, et al). There are five diagnostic criteria for this disorder and there are no cures for this affliction, only therapies which lessen the burden of the symptoms.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 7 Works Cited

Thoroughly Post-Modern: Defining My Practice of Photography by Defining an Art Movement -
... I wanted to create images that convey my feelings of being overwhelmed, and that society should slow down and reduce the rate that junk information that’s produced. I felt that this overload, over-choice and over-repetition creates an unconfident apathetic society, which will know everything and do nothing. I used traditional photomontage techniques to produce this project. Various avant-garde art movements used photomontage to protest. Dadaists, like Hoch and John Heartfield held anti-war and anti-art ethics and used the increasing available media to comment upon rapid social change.... [tags: photography, post modernism]:: 6 Works Cited

Post-traumatic stress disorder in Kuwait -
REPAIRING A NATION POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN KUWAIT THESIS: Studies made by experts found after the liberation of Kuwait following the Gulf War of 1991 that most children who were inside the country experienced undesirable emotions simultaneously which brought out more abnormal behaviors. INTRODUCTION In the oppressively hot summer of 1990 the second of August to be exact, people were sleeping peacefully in their homes. It was a Thursday morning and most Kuwaitis had left the country on holiday.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]

The Factors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
The Factors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stress disorder occurs after a person is exposed to a terrifying ordeal which causes either grave physical or psychological harm where harm was threatened. It can become an extremely debilitating disorder to the persons life. The person can have problems interacting in social and family life, occupational instability and the breakdown of marriages can occur. The disorder is triggered after traumatic events such as violent personal assaults such as mugging or rape, or to family, natural disasters such as earthquakes, accidents such as car crashes, human disasters such as 9/11 and after military combat such as the soldiers who fought in WWII.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder In Veterans -
For more than twenty years, Patricia Dietz, a wife of a Vietnam veteran, has suffered along with her husband the effects of post traumatic stress disorder. She has stated that, "It has changed everything; it has affected the rest of his and her life." Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is when a person is haunted by his memories so badly that it affects not only the rest of his life, but others close to him as well. Any time there is a traumatic event, physical danger, or threat or personal danger, this disorder is able to appear in ones' life (USA Today Magazine).... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 7 Sources Cited

Use of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory to Evaluate Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) frequently headlines newspapers and newscasts across America. Veterans fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan return to a life they left but inside they are tormented with flashbacks, nightmares, anxiety, anger, and depression. Many people suffer from PTSD after experiencing traumatic events in his or her life. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) is chosen for the basis of this assignment to evaluate someone who exhibits symptoms of PTSD. Sometimes the symptoms of PTSD are exaggerated or faked.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 11 Works Cited

Person Centered Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder -
Carl Roger’s believed that everyone is inherently good. Therefore, even the vilest of people would be included. Some disputes have been made among behavior theorists that because the theory lacks structure, it is not as effective in treating illness. However, it is one of the main theories utilized by therapists today. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is another popular theory that is used. It emphasizes the present and fixing cognitive distortions that clients may have. However, it too received some arguments against it, such as; treating symptoms and not the underlying cause of an illness.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 7 Works Cited

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder vs Generalized Anxiety Disorder -
It may be shocking to learn that 21% of American adults suffer from some sort of anxiety disorder(National Institute of Mental Health Statistics). Do you know the differences between the two major types of anxiety disorder. The two major types of anxiety are Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). While many may think PTSD and GAD are one in the same, you may be surprised that they vastly differ in cause and symptoms with their only similarity being their treatment.... [tags: Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD]:: 6 Works Cited