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In the News (Tue 20 Nov 18)

Xerxes I, was a Persian king (reigned 485 - 465 BC) of the Achaemenid dynasty.

This probably was the reason why Xerxes in 484BC abolished the Kingdom of Babel[?] and took away the golden statue of Bel (Marduk, Merodach), the hands of which the legitimate king of Babel had to seize on the first day of each year, and killed the priest who tried to hinder him.

The story begins in the third year of the reign of Xerxes, which would be 484B.C. He did not have a wife named "Vashti," (or "Esther," either) then or ever (his wife at this time was Amestris, daughter of a Persian general), but "Vashti" was the name of an Elamite goddess.

As far back as the 8th CenturyBC the Carian fighting fleet was a feared and respected force, though there is a curious tale told by Herodotus that rather confounds this apparent fame.

The death of Alexander in 323 BC left a power vacuum and like much of the then civilized world, Caria was fought over by various groups though none gained any lasting control.

There were political hiccups with the arrival of Mithriadates in 88 BC and Anthony's orgiastic rule a little later, but the defeat of Anthony by Octavius marked the beginning of an era of stable government and prosperity for Caria.

The year of her death is unknown; but she left her crown to her son Pisindelis (born about 498 BC), who was succeeded upon the throne by his son Lygdamis about the time that Herodotus grew to manhood.

His work won such approval that in the year 445 BC, on the proposition of a certain Anytus, he was voted a sum of ten talents (quite a large amount of money) by decree of the people.

As the author was evidently engaged in polishing his work to the last, and even promises touches which he does not give, we may assume that he did not much outlive the date last mentioned, or in other words, that he died at about the age of sixty.

By 600 BC they were practiced every spring throughout much of Greece, which was by then divided into city-states, separate nations centered on major cities and regions.

Until 484BC the Athenian drama competitions consisted of a trilogy of dithyrambs and a satyr play.

Aeschylus’; death in 456 BC coincided with the beginning of the Periclean Age, a period during which Athens’ population grew to 150,000, its government embraced democracy (although two-thirds of its population were slaves), and the arts flourished.

Persian king (486-465 BC), the son and successor of Darius I. He is best known for his massive invasion of Greece from across the Hellespont (480 BC), a campaign marked by the battles of Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea.

A bas-relief on the southern portico of a courtyard in the treasury of Persepolis, as well as the bas-reliefs on the east door of the tripylon (an ornamental stairway) depict him as the heir apparent, standing behind his father, who is seated on the throne.

But he was forced to use much stronger methods than had Darius: in 484BC he ravaged the Delta and chastised the Egyptians.

Many chronologists, being unfamiliar with its history, think that 2698 BC is an error for the 2697 BC epoch obtained from sexagesimal cycles, whereas it is actually the only epoch actually used by some Chinese, albeit a minority (most Chinese don't use any continuous count of years from a legendary epoch).

Beginning in 256 BC with the Qin kingdom, which would later become the Qin dynasty, the intercalary month was an extra ninth month at the end of a year that began with the tenth month, now placing the winter solstice in the eleventh month.

His Tàichū (Grand Inception) calendar of 104 BC had a year with the winter solstice in the eleventh month and designated as intercalary any calendar month (a month of 29 or 30 whole days) during which the sun does not pass a principal term (remained within the same sign of the zodiac throughout).

When he was in his early thirties (circa 457 BC) some political difficulties between Herodotus' wider family and the rulers of Halicarnassus contributed to his living in exile for several years.

He did not settle down there however but, circa 447 BC, went to Athens, then the center and focus of culture in the Greek world, where he won the admiration of the most illustrious men of Greece, including the great Athenian statesman Pericles.

Herodotus' wide-ranging work has subsequently been presented by scholars as a nine part work the first six of which are introductory and give rounded introductions to most of the peoples of the ancient world giving insights into their customs, legends, history, and traditions.

By taking the sole Biblical approach, I discovered that from the year 4000 BC to the historically recorded times of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, 605 BC, the Biblical count of years was to within four or five years of the proven historic time in years of King Nebuchadnezzar's coming on the world scene.

During the two thousand years 4000 BC to 2000 BC, it seems that God communicated with man either directly, as in the Garden of Eden, or via his angelic representatives or messengers.

Returning to 723 BC, the Kingdom of Israel (the 10-tribed part of Israel) was captured and deported to Assyria.

According to Herodotus, people of Caunus were the natives of Caria and resisted to the Persians during their conquest of Caria in the 6C BC.

It dates from the 4C BC and is in the form of an Ionic temple with two Ionic columns.

www.turkishodyssey.com /places/aegean/aegean5.htm (1046 words)

Temple of Confucius(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)

His mother died in 527 BC, and after a period of mourning he began his career as a teacher, usually traveling about and instructing the small body of disciples that had gathered around him.

Living as he did in the second half of the Zhou (Chou) dynasty (1027?-256 BC), when feudalism degenerated in China and intrigue and vice were rampant, Confucius deplored the contemporary disorder and lack of moral standards.

Confucius (born Kong Qiu, styled Zhong Ni) was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 B.C., a poor descendant of a deposed noble family.