The 4 major GWAS performed to date have demonstrated the association of testicular cancers with genes such as KITLG, SPRY4, BAK1, TERT, ATF1IP, and DMRT1, which are generally recognized as important in cancer pathogenesis (6,7,21,22).

Conclusion: In conclusion, the results revealed that niche cells respond to SSCs removal by upregulation of GDNF and FGF2, and downregulation of KITLG in order to stimulate self-renewal and arrest differentiation.

They found that KITLG activation by p53 is crucial for cancer processes, including cell proliferation, and found it was much more common in Caucasians than Africans, explaining why testicular cancer is more common among the latter.

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