A Quarter Century of Unix

Peter H. Salus

A Quarter Century of Unix is an oral history of Unix in the form of
an annotated collection of reminiscences. It begins at the "birth"
of Unix, with Ken Thompson looking for a machine to play Space Travel
on, then jumps back to provide the context, both in the history
of computing in general and in the particular setup at Bell Labs.
Part two describes the work done up to 1974, both on Unix and on the
tools and language (C) so closely associated with it. Part three
tries to pin down some of the things that made Unix unique: its
style, the strong contributions by users and user groups, and the key
role of some of its more famous tools. Parts four and five trace
the expansion of Unix: the development of BSD and the commercial
Unixes, the creation of SUN, the ambivalent relationship with DEC,
and attempts at standardization. The final section offers an overview
of the current status of Unix (in its many different versions) and
offers some suggestions as to where it is heading. There is also
a very brief glance at some of the systems that it has influenced,
including Bell Lab's new Plan 9 system. The finale has Dennis Ritchie,
Brian Kernighan and others offering their ideas on what made Unix work.
Particularly noteworthy is the solid treatment of legal issues (three
chapters altogether) and the coverage of events outside the United
States (in Australia, Europe and Japan).

The format of A Quarter Century of Unix, with most of the text in
the form of extended quotations (some scores of people are quoted
from at length), runs the risk of discontinuity and lack of focus.
Salus has chosen and edited his source material well, however,
and inserted his own summary and exposition in appropriate places.
The result is both informative and enjoyable, with a good balance
between the personal and the technical.

I did spot a few minor inconsistencies — on page 155 we read "It was
32V that became 3BSD in 1979", though the Unix versions tree on page
61 shows no such influence — and errors — on page 253 we have "It was
clear that AT&T hadn't objected to other derivatives: Linux, MINIX, etc.
In the autumn of 1988...", implying that Linux existed in 1988 (and
Linus' name is misspelt in the index, too). But these are just quibbles.
A more weighty criticism would be that the book sometimes reads more like
myth than history, with the participants portrayed like epic heroes.
This may worry the historians, but in many ways it is the legends and
myths that are the most influential.

You don't need a lot of technical knowledge to read A Quarter Century
of Unix, but the more you know about Unix (and to a lesser extent about
architectures and operating systems more generally) the more you will get
out of it — if you've never used awk, for example, you will probably have
little interest in reading about its origins and development. The main
audience will be programmers, administrators and users with extensive
Unix experience, but people in marketing and management might well learn
a thing or two from it, and historians and sociologists studying the
computer industry will find Salus' work an essential source of primary
material. A Quarter Century of Unix should be a great success; it's
only surprising that it wasn't written years ago!