Download Mind and the World Order: Outline of a Theory of Knowledge by Clarence Irving Lewis PDF

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Additional info for Mind and the World Order: Outline of a Theory of Knowledge (Dover books on Western philosophy)

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If both the data interpreted and the interpretation put upon them belong to the mind, then the real object, as cognized, may be represented as in both its aspects mind-dependent; and no argument to an independent reality can be drawn from the analysis of knowledge. Thus the idealist may fail to admit, or even to recognize explicitly, that there are given data of experience which, merely as such and not as objective reality or unreality, the activity of thought can neither create nor alter. " There is no apprehension-he will insist-without construction; hence the distinction of subject and object, act and given, must be 'ltJithin thought, not between thought and an independent something thought about.

E This experience of reality exists only because the mind of man takes attitudes and makes interpretations. The buzzing, blooming confusion could not become reality for an oyster. A purely passive consciousness, if such can be conceived, would find no use for the concept of reality, because it would find none for the idea of the unreal; because it would take no attitude that could be balked, and make no interpretation which eonceivably could be mistaken. On the other hand, we can discover mind and its principles only by analysis in this experience which we have.

Ethics cannot tell us how much of life is good, what particular sins are committed, or what proportion of men are moral; nor does metaphysics describe the course of the universe or determine the extent and the particulars of the real. It is the logical es- . sence of goodness, the canons of validity, the criteria of the beautiful, and likewise, the principles of the distinction of real from unreal, that philosophy may hope to formulate. These criteria 18 MIND AND THE WORLD-ORDER rv and principles, the mind itself brings to experience in its interpretation, its discriminations, and its evaluation of what is given.