1957

Cooper vs. Aaron
The “nullification and interposition movement” of the Southern states included mob violence directed at blacks. The U.S. Supreme Court in the decision of Cooper vs. Aaron ordered the forced integration of Little Rock, AR’s Central High School, where nine black children had been kept out of that school by the Arkansas National Guard. President Eisenhower enforced the Supreme Court’s order by the use of the U.S. Airborne Division of the U.S. Army, as well as through means of federalizing the state’s militia.