? Rationale New and existing disease control and eradication programs are needed to address public health, food safety and production concerns. There is need to rapidly respond to unexpected disease threats.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Modeling/prediction

2. Innovative, rapid detection/diagnostic tests

3. Understanding factors that lead to emergence/reemergence, including zoonotic transmission

? Rationale Resistance to therapeutics is a growing concern in regard to production, food supply veterinary medicine and public health. There are critical knowledge gaps that hinder development of effective solutions.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Rapid detection of resistance strains

2. Bioinformatics/databases

3. Management practices to manage/minimize resistance

4. Ecology of emergence- ecosystem influences

8Initiative TSEs

Rank 6th

? Rationale TSEs pose risk to the beef industry and there are large knowledge gaps with respect to this class of pathogens.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Pathogenesis

2. Antemortem diagnosis

3. Disposal

4. Genomic based diagnostics/surveillance/resistance

9(No Transcript) 10Initiative Mycobacterial Disease

Rank 1st

? Rationale Economic losses due to these endemic diseases, Johnes and TB are growing. Diagnostic methods are currently inadequate to detect disease prior to clinical onset.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Improve, develop, and validate diagnostic tests for early detection of infected and pre-clinical animals

Initiative Biosecurity and disease control of Emerging and re-emerging diseases

Rank 3rd

? Rationale There is a need to improve program capabilities to control and prevent diseases of high impact to economic health of dairy industry and public health. Research to improve programs to Control Zoonotic Diseases . Research needed to respond to acts of bioterrorism.

? Rationale most economically important disease of swine ever, key contributor to other disease complexes. RNA virus with constantly changing genetics for which diagnostics are inadequate and vaccines are only partially protective at best.

? Rationale Many pig diseases result from the interaction of multiple infectious agents, e.g., porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC), diarrheal syndromes. Indeed pathology may only be seen as a result of such interactions. Alternatively certain microbes can help prevent infection associated pathologies.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Understand host-pathogen interactions at them molecular and cellular level, use of genomics

? Rationale Continues to be a problem that current vaccines have not dealt with and is a co-factor with opportunistic organisms and are highly prevalent.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Better vaccine (Mg) and a live Ms vaccine

2. Improved diagnostics

3. Understanding the immunological response of the host

4. Role in severity of bronchitis and E. coli

25Initiative Avian Leukosis Virus

Rank 4th

? Rationale Virus mutates from less viurlent to more virulent - emergence of new subgroups

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Diagnostics

2. Understanding the development of the recombinant viruses - ie, circumstances that allow for new viruses.

3. Genetic resistance

26(No Transcript) 27Initiative Alternative methods of production to deal with regulatory changes that are limiting our production tools

Rank 1st

? Rationale The current regulatory environment is limiting the tools necessary to raise poultry (loss of antibiotics and probiotics) and this has resulted or may result in increase of diseases like necrotic enteritis.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Necrotic enteritis (clostridial diseases)

2. Necrotic dermatitis (clostridial diseases)

3. Understanding microbial ecology of the intestines

4. Mucosal immunity

28Initiative Poultry FADs

Rank 2nd

? Rationale The U.S. poultry industry has eliminated or prevented the introduction of many important poultry diseases, but these diseases remain a threat to our poultry industry.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Avian influenza and END

2. Emerging diseases or other FADs (vIBD, etc)

3. Biosecurity and biocontainment

4. Therapeutics, vaccines, and diagnostics

29Initiative Respiratory diseases

Rank 3rd

? Rationale Respiratory disease remain an important cause of disease and decreased performance for the broiler industry.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Infectious bronchitis

2. Infectious laryngotracheitis

3. Colibacillosis

4. Mucosal immunology

30Initiative Enteric diseases

Rank 4th

? Rationale Enteric diseases remain a threat to the poultry industry and better control are needed, particularly since current tools may not be available in the future.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Runting and stunting disease

2. Coccidia

3. Therapeutics, diagnostics, and vaccines

4. Necrotic enteritis

31Initiative Immunosuppression

Rank 5th

? Rationale Several viral diseases and environmental factors are known to cause immunosuppression that impacts overall animal health.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Infectious bursal disease

2. Chicken anemia virus

3. Stress and developing tools for quantitatively measuring stress and its affects on immunity

4. Nutrition and its affects on immunity

32Initiative Tumour viruses

Rank 6th

? Rationale Although currently these diseases are under control, history suggests that these viruses will reemerge as disease issues for the broiler industry.

? Rationale In the face of declining antibiotic usage, vaccines are a feasible alternative means for disease control. Developing new vaccines and vaccine strategies will aid in animal health and reduce disease transmission.

? Rationale In real-world situations multiple species (e.g. turkeys, pigs, humans, water fowl) are in close approximation to one another. Use of epidemiology and survelliance will assist in disease control and increased animal and public health.

? Rationale Respiratory disease limits the utilization and well-being of all types of horses. These conditions are highly prevalent.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)

2. S. equi

3. foal pneumonia

4. herpes viruses

53Initiative Colic

Rank 6th

? Rationale Colic is the number one cause of mortality in horses based on insurance data and is reported as the number one concern of horse owners.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. etiology, pathophysiology of colic

2. population studies

3. Treatment

4. Prevention

54(No Transcript) 55Initiative Basic discovery of the biology, genomics of susceptibility and resistance, and mechanisms of diseases where little is known (TSE/CWD, Avian Flu)

Rank 1st

? Rationale Research in this area is essential for the following reasons 1) the magnitude of impact of these diseases on rural economies and US international trade positions, 2) increase our base of scientific knowledge, 3) the potential zoonotic effects on animal and human health, and 4) the benefit to society in the control of these diseases.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. CWD

2. Genomics of TB

3. Avian Influenza

4. Phenotypic disease susceptibility/resistance

56Initiative Development of diagnostics tools a) that are tailored to the wildlife species/infectious agent of interest, b) for use in surveillance systems of extensive wildlife systems, and c) which utilize genomics and new technologies for identifying animals with a potential to spread targeted/zoonotic diseases

Rank 2nd

? Rationale Recent disease events demonstrate the important role of wildlife in the emergence diseases with a zoonotic potential as well as a significant economic impact on the domestic animal industry. Existing diagnostic assays which are designed for domestic species are not adequate for many wildlife species. The availability of new technology and knowledge, like genomics and micro-arrays, offers the opportunity to develop assays tailored to specific wildlife species and infectious agents. Key to controlling spread of disease among and between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans is the ability to identify infection in wildlife.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. TB 4. Avian Influenza

2. Brucella 5. Foreign animal disease

3. TSE 6. Unknown/emerging infectious agents

57Initiative Immunology, improved vaccines, and delivery systems

Rank 3rd

? Rationale Wildlife has intrinsic value to the public but we need effective intervention strategies to protect this intrinsic value. There is a lack of basic information on immulogical responses, efficacious vaccines, and effective delivery systems.

58Initiative Integration and meta-analysis of existing knowledge of wildlife and disease/infection and ecology

Rank 4th

? Rationale There is an extensive amount of knowledge in the wildlife management community about the ecology and behavior of wildlife. The veterinary community brings disease intervention strategies to the table. Therefore integrating these information resources will improve disease control strategies by incorporating wildlife ecology into the control paradigms.

? Priorities within Initiative

1. Identify pathophysiologies of Brucellosis in elk and bison while utilizing wildlife's normal ecology and behavior to control and eliminate brucellosis.

2. Same for T.B.

3. Same for psuedorabies

4. Where applicable use for avian influenza and other wildlife/domestic animal disease interfaces

59Initiative Epidemiological and risk assessment of the potential new origins of zoonotic diseases/infections and the likely pathways of contagion

Rank 5th

? Rationale Many new diseases in domesticated animals and humans originate from wildlife. Assessing the risks of new infections and their sources is critical to predicting the scope and impact of potential new outbreaks.

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