This study examined the individual and household determinants that affected the chances of Cambodian rural children being enrolled in or dropping out of school before completing grade four. Data were obtained from interviews with 159 children aged between 12 to 18 years and their families from two rural villages in Pursat province of Cambodia. The findings revealed that boys had a higher chance of being kept in school than girls. Household economic conditions, though important for children's educational attainment, were not a significant determinant for the continuation of schooling among rural children. Other household assets such as parental education, particularly that of the father were highly related to this phenomenon. Parental attitudes towards education and intervention in the process of children's schooling significantly affected children's educational participation. (Contains 3 tables and 4 footnotes.)