Biennial report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of North Carolina to Governor ..., for the scholastic years ...

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BIENNIAL REPORT £*• C
ClOft
Superintendent of Public Instruction
NORTH CAROLINA,
SCHOLASTIC YEARS 1885 AND 1886.
._- _- ~ - 1
RALEIGH:
P. M. Hale, State Printer and Binder.
1887.
1.
1
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA,
Department of Public Instruction,
Raleigh, December 30th, 1886.
To His Excellency, Alfred M. Scales,
Governor of North Carolina
:
Sir :—In accordance with Section 2540 of The Code, I have
the honor to submit my report for the biennial term ending
November 30th, 1886.
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
S. M. FINGER,
Superintendent Public Instruction.
±456?*f^^y
INDEX.
PAGE.
General Remarks 1
Comparative Statistics for 1884, '85-'86. 3
Summary of Receipts for 1885 and 188(5 5
Summary of Disbursements for 1885 and 1880 6
Our Needs 6
Limitation of Taxation, Barksdale v. Commissioners of Sampson County 7
National Aid 8
Local Assessment Act, Puett v. Commissioners of Gaston County It
Graded School Acts, ^Riggsbee v. Town of Durham 9
County Superintendents and Commissions of Treasurers 10
Normal Schools and County Institutes 12
Need of Better Sentiment 11
Moral and Religious Training 16
School System 18
Close of Fiscal Year 18
Collecting Officers and Treasurers '20
Special Meeting of School Officers 20
Swamp Lands 20
Peabody Scholarships at Nashville, Tenn 21
Private Schools and Colleges 21
Duties away from the Office 22
Winston Normal School, 1885 23
" " 18SG 27
Newton " " 1885 29
1886 32
Franklin " " 1885 36
1886,..: 38
Boone Normal School, 1885 41
1886 44
Asheville " " 1885 47
1886 49
Washington" " 1885 .-, 51
1886 53
Wilson " ' 1885 58
1886 60
Elizabeth City Normal School, 1885 (52
" " " " 1886 G4
Fayetteville Colored Norma! School, 1885 67
1886 70
Plymouth " " " 1885 72
1886 75
New Berne " " " 1885 78
" " " " 1886 SI
Franklinton " " " 1885 83
" " " " 1886 85
VI Index.
PAGE.
Salisbury Colored Normal School, 1885 86
" " " " 188G 89
Graded Schools 91
Remarks of Superintendents of Graded Schools , 9-5
Remarks by County Superintendents , 100
Literary Charities, Oxford Orphan Asylum 103
Orphanage at Thomasville 104
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind 104
State Appropriation for Normal Schools 106
Peabody Fund, Receipts and Disbursements 107
Table of Receipts by Counties, 1885 110
" " Disbursements by Counties, 1885 113
" Census of School Children, &c, 1885 116
" " Average Attendance, &c, 1885 119
" " Teachers Examined and Approved, 1885 123
" " Receipts by Counties, 1886.... 127
" " Disbursements by Counties, 1886 '. 130
" Census of Children, 1886 133
" " Number of Districts, &c, 1886 138
" " Teachers Examined and Approved, 1886 142
APPENDIX.
Circular to County Officers, June 17th, 1885 1
" " " Boards of Education, June 17th 1885 2
" " " " " " December 30th, 1885 3
List of Books Recommended 5
Circular to County Commissioners and Boards of Education 7
" Sheriffs 7
County Boards of Education 9
County Superintendents 11
JLrl # v_.. ... -,:,^'^i JL •
BIENNIAL REPORT
OF THE
SUPERINTENDENT OP PUBLIK INSTRUCTION,
SCHOLASTIC YEARS 1885 AND 1886.
Soon after the adjournment of the General Assembly in 1885,
the school law as amended was published in pamphlet form, with
explanatory notes, and sent to the county school officers. Cir-culars
(copies of which will be found in the appendix of this
report) were also sent out from time to time, and diligent efforts
have been made to have the law fairly executed.
To show progress made, I present a comparative summary of
statistics for the years 1884, 1885 and 1886.
The tables from which these statistics are gathered will be
found in their proper place in this report. In arriving at these
figures, in all cases in which the reports for either year were not
full, because of the failure of county superintendents and county
treasurers to report, I used the reports of the year next preced-ing.
In this way, while for a few counties there is not accuracy,
the approximation is so near to the truth that the figures can be
relied on.
It will be observed that there was an increase in the receipts
from ordinary taxation in 1885, amounting to ($51,693.38) fifty-one
thousand six hundred and ninety-three -^ dollars, and that
there was a corresponding increase in the average length of school
terms.
In 1886 there was also an increase in receipts over those of
1885, amounting to ($38,767.41) thirty-eight thousand seven
hundred and sixty-seven $$ dollars. This increase has been
2 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
attained without any increase of valuation of property and with-out
any increase in the rate of taxation. It is due in part to
special levies in some counties, and in part to the careful atten-tion
of county officers to the enforcement of the law.
It will be noticed also, that the census, enrollment, and aver-age
attendance increased very nearly in the same proportion.
Out of 530,127 children between the ages of six and twenty-one,
298,166 attended the public schools in 1885.
Out of 547,308 children between the ages of six and twenty-one,
305,598 attended the public schools in 1886.
Seventy-eight county superintendents reported the private
schools in their counties, of eight mouths' duration or more,
showing an enrollment of (25,110) twenty-five thousand one hun-dred
and ten. Estimating for the other eighteen counties that
made no reports, I conclude that there were about 30,000 pupils
in private schools last year. While some of these attended the
public schools for part of the year, the number of such was not
large. When we consider the fact that quite a large number of
small children within the school age do not go to school, and
that quite a large number of older ones drop out of school before
they reach the age of twenty-one, the fact appears that a very
large proportion of the children are getting at least some edu-cation.
One of the lamentable considerations is that so many of the
poorest people do not avail themselves of the facilities afforded
them. If influential men in the respective neighborhoods would
encourage such people, by advice and otherwise, many could be
induced to send their children to school. Both the Normal
School and Institute statistics show large attendance and imply,
what is the truth, that the teachers are improving. Our Normal
Schools and County Institutes and the Teachers' Assembly are
inspiring the teachers with a higher ideal, and are doing great
good.
While quite a number of school-houses have been built during
the two years, the figures show that the valuation of school prop-erty
is very small, and that the State is sadly deficient in this
item of prime importance.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 3
Id many of the counties most excellent boards of education
have been selected. Wherever this has been done, and they
have active superintendents to execute their commands, the school
interests have advanced. The names of the members of the
county boards of education and of the county superintendents
appear in the appendix to this report.
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS FOR THREE YEARS,
1884, 1885 AND 1886.
Receipts for the year ending November 30 1884, (not
$59,943.14 from State Fund),
Receipts for the year ending November 30, 1885,
Receipts for the year ending November 30, 1886,
Increase during the year 1885, .
Increase during the year 1886, .
Total increase in two years—1885 and 1886,
including
$580,311 06
631,904 38
670,671 79
$ 51,693 32
38,767 41
$ 90,460 73
Census for 1884. Census for 1885. Census for 1886.
'hites, . 321,561 Whites, . 330,890 Whites, . 338,059
jlored, . 193,843 Colored, . 199,237 Colored, . 209,249
Total white and colored for 1884,
Total white and colored for 1885,
Total white and colored for 1886,
Increase in one year, 1885—whites, 9,329—colored, 5,394,
Increase in one year, 1886—whites, 7,169—colored, 10,012,
515,404
530,127
547,308
14,723
17,181
Enrollment for 1 884. Enrollment for 1 885.
Whites, . 170,925 W7
hites, . 185,225
Colored, . 113,391 Colored, . 112,941
Total enrollment of whites and colored for 1884,
Total enrollment of whites and colored for 1885,
Total enrollment of whites and colored for 1886,
Increase in one year, 1885,
Increase in one year, 1886,
Increase of whites in 1885,
Decrease of colored in 1885,
Increase of whites in 1886,
Increase of colored in 1886,
Enrollment for 1886.
Whites, . 188,036
Colored, 117,562
284,316
298,166
305,598
13,850
6,432
14,300
450
2,811
3,621
Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Average attend-ance
for 1884.
White, . 106,316
Colored, . 66,679
Average attend-ance
for 1885.
White . 115,092
Colored, . 70,486
Total average attendance of whites and colored for 1884
Total average attendance of whites and colored for 1885,
Total average attendance of whites and colored for 1
Increase in one year, 1885, white and colored,
Increase in one year, 1886, white and colored,
Increase of whites in 1885,
Increase of colored in 1885,
Increase of whites in 1886,
Decrease of colored in 1886,
Average length of school terras in 1884,
Average length of school terras in 1885,
Average length of school terms in 1886,
Average ATTEND-ANCE
FOR 1886.
White, . 117,121
Colored, 68,585
?4, 172,995
35, . 185,578
36, . 185,706
12,583
128
8,776
3,807
2,029
1,901
White. Colored.
11| weeks. llf weeks.
12 weeks. llf weeks.
llf weeks. 12 weeks.^
Average salary per month in 1884,
Average salary per month in 1885,
Average salary per month in 1886,
Whites. Colored.
$24.16 $22.06
25.75 23.30
Males. Females. Males. Females.
$26.33 $23.77 $24.69 $20.36
Number of counties that held Institutes in 1884,
Number of counties that held Institutes in 1885,
Number of counties that held Institutes in 1886,
Number of whites that attended Institutes in 1884,
Number of whites that attended Institutes in 1885,
Number of whites that attended Institutes in 1886,
Number of colored that attended Institutes in 1884,
Number of colored that attended Institutes in 1885,
Number of colored that attended Institutes in 1886,
Total attendance, white and colored, in 1884,
Total attendance, white and colored, in 1885,
Total attendance, white and colored, in 1886,
Number of whites that attended Normal Schools in 1884,
Number of whites that attended Normal Schools in 1885,
fNumber of whites that attended Normal Schools in 1886,
Number of colored that attended Normal Schools in 1884,
Number of colored that attended Normal Schools in 1885,
Number of colored that attended Normal Schools in 1886,
31
36
980
1,33a
1,180
561
809
814
1,541
2,1-47
1,904
1,002
2,040
1,900
572
681
647
fEstimated as to one school.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886.
Value of Public School Property.
Total for whites reported in 1835,
Total for whites reported in 1886,
Total for colored reported in 18S5, .
Total for colored reported in 1886, .
Number of Public School-houses.
Total for whites reported in 1885,
Total for whites reported in 1886,
Total for colored reported in 1885, .
Total for colored reported in 1886, .
Number of Public Schools Taught.
Total for whites reported in 1885,
Total for whites reported in 1886, . .
Total for colored reported in 1885, .
Total for colored reported in 1886, . . . ~
$398,099 29
449,824 60
167,860 93
203,281 79
3,395
3,443
1,561
1,592
4,049
4,115
2,134
2,223
SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS FOR 1885 AND 1886.
Poll tax,
Property,
Special poll tax,
Special property tax,
Special poll tax under local acts,
Special property tax under local acts,
Fines, forfeitures and penalties,
Liquor licenses,
Auctioneers,
Estrays,
Other sources,
Receipts,
^Estimated receipts,
Total receipts for 1885, .
Total receipts for 1886, .
1885.
$235,616 51
252,404 92
10,108 59
23,899 68
555 22
6,662 77
17,997 95
59,278 53
116 65
27 34
8,433 80
$615,101 96
16,802 42
$631,904 38
1886.
$253,261 49
258,799 85
7,110 48
20,618 83
1,184 98
1 6,820 17
22,876 22
83,002 75
32 66
14 38
16,950 60
$670,672 41
*Chowan, Graham, Martin, Pender and Yancey counties made no returns for 1S85, or
incomplete ones. The receipts from them are estimated from former reports.
6 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
SUMMARY OF DISBURSEMENTS FOR 1885 AND 1886.
Tuition for whites,
Tuition for colored,
Houses and sites for whites,
Houses and sites for colored,
County Superintendents,
Institutes for whites,
Institutes for colored,
Treasurers' commissions,
Mileage and per diem Board of Education,
Fuel for Board of Education, stationery and
postage,
Other purposes,
*Estimated from counties not reporting,
Total expenditures for 1885,
Total expenditures for 1886,
Balance on hand December 1st, 1885, .
Balance on hand December 1st, 1886, . $205,267 98
1886. 1885.
$336,037 52 $317,142 90'
191,059 63 196,004 37
56,694 96 37,427 91
27,646 11 26,728 42
18,431 74 12,416 48
2,472 95 2,075 81
1,124 57 1,329 08
17,348 72 16,452 48
6,378 83 3,620 28
893 20 456 68
13,027 42 16,897 71
19,537 78
$650,089 90
671,115 65
$202,817 22
*Chowan, Martin, Graham, Pender and Yancey counties made no report for 1885, and
the expdnditures are estimated from last returns at $19,537.78.
OUR NEEDS.
1. Longer school terms, which will require more money.
2. Active and competent Superintendents in all the counties.
3. Permanent Normal Schools for the preparation of competent
teachers.
4. A better sentiment in favor of public education.
5. A determined effort, not alone at intellectual and practical
school-work, but also at moral training, and religious training as
well, so far as that can be done with propriety in the State
schools. » •
I trust it will be the pleasure of the General Assembly, as far
as they may be able, to meet these needs with appropriate legis-lation.
I may be allowed a word on each.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 7
Longer School Terms—Recent Decisions of the Supreme Court
on Limitation of Taxation, Local Assessment Act, and the
Graded School Acts—Nationcd Aid.
In the case of Barksdale v. Commissioners of Sampson County,
93 N. C. Reports, page 472, the Supreme Court decided that
County Commissioners, in the levy of taxes, cannot exceed the
limitation of 66f cents on the one hundred dollars valuation of
property, and $2.00 on the poll. That is to say, the General
Assembly having levied for State purposes, in the Revenue Law,
25 cents on property, and seventy-five cents on the poll, and for
schools, in the school law, 12J cents on property, and 37J cents
on the poll—making in all 37J cents on property, and 112i cents
on the poll, left to the county commissioners a possible levy for
county purposes of 29J cents on property, and 87J cents on the
poll. The Court says, "within the limits of the power to tax
given the commissioners, the schools must be kept up, and the
mandate is arrested when these limits are reached." That is to
say, the County Commissioners must levy tax to keep the school
open at least four months per annum, provided they do not
exceed 66f cents on property, and $2.00 on the poll, including
all levies by the Assembly, and excluding all levies under special
acts for special purposes. This is the law as now expounded by
the Court, Chief Justice Smith and Justice Ashe concurring in
the decision as above stated, and Justice Merrimon rendering a
dissenting opinion. See N. C. Reports, Vol. 93, page 477.
In a number of c- unities special taxes had been levied from
year to year, and the schools kept open in accordance with Art.
9, sec. 3, of the Constitution, and sec. 2590 of The Code. In
most, if not all of these cases, the limitation was exceeded, and
the decision of the Court made confusion- and did damage to the
schools.
The facts now are that in most counties, under the law as it
now stands, the schools cannot be kept open more than from two
to three months per annum if the Commissioners apply their
margin of taxation to other county purposes, as in most cases it
seems necessary to do.
8 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
As the Constitution requires four months at least, each mem-ber
of the Assembly must decide for himself how he will dis-charge
his obligations. The Assembly are not powerless in this
matter, but they can provide in the general school law a rate of
taxation which will keep the schools open four months or longer.
I trust that the Assembly will find it possible to reduce the
rate of taxation in the Revenue Law and apply the reduction to
schools. Tins will not disturb the present levies possible to be
made for county purposes by the commissioners. If the neces-sary
amount cannot all be raised in this way, perhaps the As-sembly,
in its wisdom, may find some other sources of school
revenue.
While an increase of the rate in the school law could be made
to provide an average of four months in the State, that would
not afford all the counties that length of term. Some would
have more and some less than four months, according to their
respective valuation of property and density of population.
There is no way to remedy this inequality other than to have
legislation that would distribute all or a part of the school money
direct from the State Treasury to the counties on a per capita
basis. Our system as it now stands contemplates that each county
shall furnish its own school funds. The State Board of Educa-tion
has essentially no funds to distribute to the counties other
than such as may be derived from the entry of public lands and
from the sale of swamp lands, from which the receipts are very
small. Under our statutes, our system is a county system. A
careful study of Art. 9 of our Constitution leads me toward
the conclusion that a State and a county system was intended.
A State fund is there provided as well as a county fund.
National Aid.
Money flows into the National Treasury far beyond the needs
of the government. It is distributed with lavish hand to pay
pensions, <fec, but as yet no measure of national aid to schools
has been passed. In the light of history this, to me, is simply
remarkable. Knowing the struggle the South has in her pov-
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 9
erty, and what she is doing in the matter of education, it would
seem that every Northern member of Congress ought gladly to
extend aid from the United States Treasury, and that, too,
through our State systems, without restrictions. Why any
Southern member, who is in favor of public education, should
oppose this measure, is beyond my comprehension, all arguments
about its unconstitutionality to the contrary notwithstanding.
Just now national aid would seem to be just the measure to help
us in our time of financial need. If the Assembly can do any-thing
to secure the passage of this measure, they will 'do the State
sl great service.
Local Assessment Act.
In the case of Puett v. Commissioners of Gaston County, 94
N. C. Reports, the Supreme Court decided that a a law which
allows a tax on the polls of one color and on property owned by
persons of the same color, to be applied exclusively to the edu-cation
of children of that color, is unconstitutional," in violation
of the last clause of Art. 9, sec. 2, of the Constitution, which
says that there " shall be no discrimination in favor of or to the
prejudice of either race."
This decision, in effect, declares the Local Assessment Act,
chap. 148, Laws 1883, unconstitutional, both because it does not
provide for uniform and equal taxation on all property, and
because it makes a race discrimination as to the application of
the funds. In this decision also, Justice Merrimon does not con-cur,
being of opinion that the "statute authorizes, in effect, a
local assessment, and does not prescribe a public tax, in the sense
of the Constitution, and that local assessments are not necessarily
confined to particular real property to be affected by them favor-ably,
in contemplation of law."
Graded., School Acts.
In the case of Riggshee v. The Town of Durham, 94 N. C.
Reports, the Supreme Court decided that "a law which directs
the tax raised from the polls and property of white persons to
10 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
be devoted to sustaining schools for white persons, and that
raised from polls and property of negroes to be used for the
support of their schools, is unconstitutional and void." There
are quite a number of graded schools in the State that are
affected by this decision, because the special acts under which
they are operated contain provisions under which money derived
by taxation from white persons is applied exclusively to white
schools, and that from colored persons, to colored schools. Some
of these schools have already been discontinued, while others are
sustained by private donations, awaiting some favorable legisla-tion.
So far as the late decisions above referred to are concerned,,
I find an intimation by the Court, in Puett v. Commissionersy
94 N. C. Reports, page 719, as follows: "It is not, therefore.
every distinction dependent upon race or color, that comes in
conflict with the Federal Constitution, but only when it produces
inequality in rights and interests • and when this is the result,
the State legislation from which it flows, is rendered inoperative.
When the same essential privileges are secured to all, such legis-lation
is valid, and rests in the sound discretion and views of
public policy of those who made the law." I am led by this
declaration to suppose that any amendment to the Graded School
laws which would contemplate an equality of length of school
terms for both races, such as they need, would be sustained by
the Court. I beg to refer to sec. 6, chap. 141, laws 1885, which
seems to be in accord with the declaration of the Court. Indeed,.
I think it is well settled law, that public school money may be
applied per capita upon the school census, per capita upon the
average attendance, or in any way, so that equality of school
facilities may be afforded.
County Superintendents—Commissions of Treasurers.
I recommend that County Boards of Education be allowed to-pay
County Superintendents such wages as will secure active and
personal supervision of the teachers and the schools.
In no other way, as a rule, can competent superintendents be
secured than by paying them reasonably for their services-
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 11
Without such superintendents, it is not possible to have satisfac-tory
management.
In no business enterprise would wise men for a moment think
of expending large sums of money without competent and well
paid superintendence. Surely, in school matters, which involve
not only the expenditure of money, but also the training of the
minds and hearts of our children, such superintendence is of
prime importance.
We arrive at this conclusion not alone from reason, but from
the experience of successful systems of public education through-out
the world. The beneficial effects of superintendence is spe-cially
noticeable in many counties in this State, in which, even
with small pay, active and competent men have been induced to
work in this line. I am glad to state that much more progress
has been made in such counties than in those in which superin-tendents
have not been so active, but have held their places
mainly as examiners of teachers.
Under the system before the war there was a separate Board
of Superintendents, as we now have a separate Board of Educa-tion,
in eiich county. Then all school money was paid directly
to the Chairman of the Board, who disbursed it, a certain per
cent, being allowed for the management of the money and the
schools. Now we pay three per cent, to the Treasurers, and then
have to pay an additional sum for the management of the
schools. If it would seriously interfere with county matters, I
would not recommend that the money be paid direct to the Board
of Education or to the Superintendent; but I do suggest that the
commissions on disbursements of school money be decreased.
The law might require attention to disbursements of school funds
only once a month, which would be often enough, and would
make a reduction of commissions consistent. School money
especially should be handled on small commissions. I am glad
to note that some Treasurers handle it without charge. I feel
sure that at least a large number of Treasurers will gladly serve
the schools for less than three per cent, if required to attend to
the duties only once a month.
12 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Normal Schools and County Institutes.
Perhaps there is not, in many instances, even among liberally
educated people, a due appreciation of the importance of secnr_
ing well qualified teachers. A very common idea is, that a
knowledge of subjects is the main if not the only necessary
qualification, while very little importance is attached to the sci-ence
of education or the art of teaching.
As much progress has been made in methods of teaching and
in school government as in the sciences and arts generally. In the
matter of education the new methods, in many respects, are as
superior to the old as the locomotive train is to the stage coach.
There is a science of education as well as an art of imparting it?
both of which all who would Ipe successful as teachers must
learn, and which all parents and all who have the training of
children entrusted to them ought to know. Men who have had
long experience in teaching are able to give much valuable infor-mation
on this subject, and that, too, in comparatively a short
time. It would be a long step in advance if the State University
and all the colleges, male and female, would add to their require-ments
for graduation some knowledge of the science and history
of education, the art of imparting instruction and of school gov-ernment.
Such knowledge would be of very great use to its pos-sessors,
no matter what might be their avocation. If this sug-gestion
could be adopted, the standard of qualification of all
teachers would soon be very much raised. Most of our private
high schools are presided over by graduates of colleges, and in
these schools most of the public school-teachers are prepared for
their work. If the colleges would give attention to the princi-ples
underlying good teaching in a more substantial way, these
principles would be more fully appreciated and would be specially
reflected from the best educated people, the collegians, down
through the high schools to the free public schools, and teachers
would soon be held in higher estimation.
In addition to this, or whether the colleges will adopt the sug-gestion
or not, we specially need a regular Normal School for white
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 13
teachers, in which persons who have elsewhere acquired a fair
knowledge of the branches usually taught in the public schools
may get the best possible instruction in the science and history of
education and in methods. Of course, subjects should be taught
to some extent, but mainly by way of review of branches already
studied. A higher course could be added later, if found desira-ble.
Such an institution should be so conducted that those who
preside over it, the professors, would have time to hold county
institutes for from two to three months per annum. This would
bring normal instruction, in a uniform way, down to all common
school-teachers who might not be able to attend the Normal
School, and it would be a long step toward securing uniformity
in the grades of teachers' certificates.
I think that it may be assumed that some community will
furnish the buildings; if so, ($10,000) ten thousand dollars per
annum would establish and sustain the school. We are now
spending for County Institutes almost half this sum, which,
upon the plan suggested, would be saved, because the professors
would be paid salaries at the institution for all work there and
at these institutes. Many young ladies are pressing their way
into our school-rooms as teachers, but the State has, as yet, not
provided any institution in which they may prepare themselves
for their work. While I would have such an institution open
for males and females, I think it of prime importance for females.
They are specially fitted by natural endowments for teachers;
surely the State ought to afford them opportunity for prepara-tion
for their work. This would in fact be the people's college,
because of its direct and wide influence upon all the children.
If the Assembly will provide for this school, I venture to
suggest that they appoint a board of trustees to establish it upon
the plan above outlined, or allow the State Board of Education
to appoint them. The latter would perhaps be the better plan,
because some of the trustees ought to reside at the institution, the
location of which could not be determined immediately.
The State is now applying ($4,000) four thousand dollars per
annum to our summer Normals at Elizabeth City, Washington,
14 Report of Superintendent of Puhlie Instruction
Wilson, Winston, Newton, Asheville, Franklin and Boone,
to each. These schools have clone very great good, and they
should by all means be continued, at least until a regular Nor-mal
School and a system of thorough County Institutes can be
put into operation. Statistics of the summer Normals and
County Institutes will be found at the proper place in this report.
We are now applying ($4,000) four thousand dollars per
annum for Normal Schools for the colored people. Two thou-sand
dollars ($2,000) of this is directed by statute, section 2651,
of The Code, to be applied at one place, and it is applied at
Fayetteville; the balance, $2,000, is directed by statute, section
2652, of The Code, to be applied to not less than four schools,
and it is applied at Salisbury, Franklinton, Plymouth and New-bern,
$500 to each, a sum entirely inadequate to support them.
Rather than have one central school, I think it better for the
colored people that something be added to the appropriations to
make the schools they now have more efficient.
These suggestions about Normal Schools are made because I
fully realize that public schools are permanent. This being so,
it is the part of wisdom to provide the very best possible instruc-tion,
which cannot be done' without permanent Normal Schools
and County Institutes.
A Better Sentiment in favor of Public Education is Required.
Education at the expense of the State is a part of modern civili-zation.
It cannot be successfully resisted. Especially is this so
in a republican form of government, such as that of the United
States. If there is any one thing that stands out prominently
in the history of the country, it is the stress that has all the time
been laid upon the importance of education for the people.
The Constitution of North Carolina says : " The people have
a right to the privilege of education, and it is the duty of the
State to guard and maintain that right." This doctrine is fun-damental
and right, and therefore it must have recognition.
There are now and always-have been persons, in our State and
in all the States, who say that it is wrong to tax one man to edu-
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 15
-cate another man's children, forgetful of this fundamental right;
forgetful of the fact that the safety of life and property and the
welfare of the State depend upon the virtue and intelligence of
the people. Such persons try to make it appear that the public
schools produce crime, because in some communities where they
have flourished crime has not decreased, or perhaps, has increased.
They are not mindful of the fact that, if in such communities
crime has increased as shown by the number of arrests, there
has also been a large increase of criminal statutes which may
account for them. Courses of conduct are now often criminal
under statute laws, which were not criminal before their enact-ment.
They are not mindful of the fact that any increase of
crime might be accounted for by a number of causes consequent
upon the ever changing conditions of the population of such
communities.
The facts are that if there is real increase of crime in such
-communities, which is to be doubted, figures to the contrary,
notwithstanding, it occurs in spite of all remedial agencies and
not because of any one of them. It may be true, and doubtless
is, that the public schools have not done as much as they might
have done, but this is no reason for wholesale condemnation. It
is rather a reason why all good people should lend their active
influence to make them come up to the full measure of useful-ness.
If those who complain of poor results would actively join the
public school workers and help to manage the schools, better
results would everywhere be attained. The public schools are
here to stay, and they will gradually be improved—so impoved
as more and more to command the respect and patronage of our
people. It is the part of wisdom for all good people to recog-nize
these things as facts, and take an active interest in making
the schools better. Let us have a better sentiment in favor of
public education, to the end that the money we do pay may have
the best possible application and results.
It is a common complaint, that the public school terms are so
short that they do not do much good. Of course all the friends
16 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
of public education very much regret that we canuot have longer
terms; but how easy it would be for almost any neighborhood
in the State to supplement the public funds by private subscrip-tions,
and have longer terms. Many districts are now doing
this, and more will do it as sentiment in favor of educating
the people improves. Legislation that tends to improve the
teachers and lengthen the sessions will help to create favorable
sentiment.
Moral and Religious Training.
Besides practical intellectual training, we insist upon moral
and religious development. Of course we cannot give religious
instruction except in a general way, all denominational or secta-rian
teaching being excluded. But there is common and undis-puted
ground for all to stand upon. No person rises to the full
stature of manhood until he chooses to model his life according
to the eternal principles of right, and this is only tantamount to
saying, until he chooses to please God. Love and fear of Him
must be made to result in reverence for Him and in obedience to
His will.
In proper training at home, the child is brought to love and,
in a sense, to fear its parents, the two principles of action work-ing
together to produce reverence and obedience. So, too, when
at school the pupil has proper treatment, he will love and fear
his teacher and will choose, habitually, to obey him.
But all obedience in the family, the school or the State should
be insisted upon, because such obedience is in accordance with
the fundamental principles of right. I do not mean to discuss
the foundation of obligation—whether a given course of conduct
is right because it results in good, or whether it is right because
commanded by the great Creator of all things. The ten com-mandments
embody the moral law. They embody great princi-ples,
obedience to which results in good to those who obey and
to all men, and at the same time they have the divine approval.
If it be said that these principles were eternal truth, binding
upon men before they were commanded by God from Mount
Sinai, yet He did sanction them because, as the Creator of all
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 17
things, He did so constitute the relations between all men and
their fellows and between all men and Himself, that these prin-ciples
always result in good. And so we come back to the will
of God as the foundation of all obligation and of obedience to
all proper authority.
It is therefore the Divine will that all teachers should strive
to know and make the foundation of all moral teaching. A
child may, at home and at school, be compelled by fear to keep
himself within certain rules of action, but this course will afford
him but a poor preparation for the duties of life as a citizen. If
he is not taught continually to choose his lines of conduct in
accordance with what is right—right in this highest sense—so
that he may grow up into the habit of choosing to do right, he
will most probably be unfit to meet the duties and temptations
of active life when they confront him.
It is the will that determines what any intellectual being shall
do and what he shall not do, and hence the will must be so
trained that what is right shall be habitually followed. The
teacher who neglects to emphasize moral and religious training
to this extent makes a signal failure.
If it be said that this requirement excludes from the school-room
the atheist and all whose lives are not directed in the love
and fear of God, the ready reply is, for the children's sakes so
let it be ; for the country's sake so let it be.
If it be said that we cannot apply religious tests, the ready
reply is that the employment of teachers is a matter of contract,
and no committee is compelled to employ any particular person,
no matter what his intellectual qualifications may be, if not sat-isfied
with his character in this highest sense.
If it be said that this line of training involves the use of the
Bible, the ready reply is that scarcely any one will be found to
object to its use in the schools if used without sectarian teach-ing
; and no one will object to the teaching of the grand and
eternal principles of truth which it contains that all religious
people in this country hold in common.
lieOO fcaroiina State Library
ft | "J,
18 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
While the administration of our public school affairs insists
upon these views of moral and religious training, I suggest that
perhaps our statutes do not lay sufficient stress upon them, and
do not go as far in this direction as our Constitution will war-rant.
The School System.
The district system is, perhaps, not the best system, but as we
have it, and our people are accustomed to it, I think best to
retain it, at least for the present. The general machinery of the
system is working fairly well, and I suggest only such changes
as seem to be necessary in the present condition of public senti-ment,
and considering the small amount of funds now raised
tinder our statutes.
These changes will be mainlj* changes of dates to conform to
the closing of fiscal year on June 30th; to enable the Sheriffs
and collecting officers to make full settlement of school money
on 31st December, and to require collecting officers to itemize
moneys paid over to Treasurers of Boards of Education to the
same extent that the law requires the Treasurers to itemize them.
On these points the following reasons are suggested :
Close of Fiscal Year.
The fiscal year should close June 30th. It now closes Novem-ber
30th, and that allows only one month for the State Superin-tendent
to receive from the counties the reports of County Su-perintendents
and Treasurers, correct, digest and tabulate them,
and have his report ready for the Assembly. Frequently, the
reports from the counties are incorrect, and have to be returned
for correction, for which time is wanting.
There are 192 of these reports, involving careful attention
and a large amount of work, which, under the law as it now
stands, it is impossible to do satisfactorily and accurately in the
time allowed.
The year should close June 30th for the additional reason that
at that time no schools are in session. Our schools are in ses-sion
in the fall and winter. If the year closed in June, the
Scholastic Tears 1885 and 1886. 19
Superintendents of the counties could be accurate as to all statis-tics,
having: no schools in session at that date.
So, too, the Treasurers would have ample time to attend to
their duties, and the State Superintendent could return any
reports for correction if found necessary.
I can conceive of no good reason why this change should not
be made. It will not involve a change as to any other Depart-ment—
only a change of some dates in the school law. The
Treasurers, it is true, close their terms November 30th, but they
could make partial reports at that date, involving transactions
from June 30th to November 30th, and no trouble arise.
The facts are that some change is necessary to insure accuracy,
and in justice to the school officers, the law now requiring im-possibilities,
especially of the State Superintendent.
The whole amount of school money should be paid over by 31st
December, and no deduction made for insolvents, or if any, the
percentage should be fixed.
All school money is now required to be paid over by the col-lecting
officers on or before 31st December, except amounts
allowed by the commissioners on account of insolvents. At that
date it is difficult to determine who are insolvent, and so there
necessarily results an uncertainty as to the amount of money
which the Board of Education will have to apportion on the
first Monday of January. Much harm comes from this. I
suggest that the law be amended so as to require the. whole
school levy to be paid over to the Treasurer of the Board of
Education • or if it be thought best not to make the counties
responsible to the schools for the whole amount levied, it would
be better to fix a certain definite discount, and require all the
balance to be paid over 31st December. This would enable the
Boards of Education to make their apportionment at any time on
a sum certain. If this were done, apportionment could be made
at any time after the levy in June, and each district would know
the amount due it 31st December.
20 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Collecting Officers and Treasurers.
The law should prescribe definitely just to what extent the
Treasurers of the Boards of Education shall itemize the funds
in making their reports to the State Superintendent; and, as
they can have no means of doing this except through the col-lecting
officers who pay over the money to them, these officers
should be required to itemize to the same extent all moneys so
paid over, and state the items in the receipts they take from the
treasurers. This done, the treasurers could make reports by
items according to law at any time from their books, otherwise
they can not. Just here has been a source of great annoyance
and uncertainty in the reports of these officers.
The change will cause no jar and it should be made, and
then the officers will have no reason for not complying promptly
with their duties. The difficulty arises mainly in separating
the property tax from the poll tax.
Special Meeting of School Officers.
The law should fix a day on which the Board of Education,,
the County Superintendent and the Treasurer of the Board of
Education shall be required to meet and adjust the reports and
forward them to the State Superintendent. This day should be
the last day of the fiscal year.
While I have mentioned the amendments that are specially
needed, others of less importance will no doubt be suggested and
claim the attention of the Assembly.
Swamp Lands.
As the State Board of Education makes report upon these
lands, I deem it unnecessary to say anything on that subject.
Their report gives full information as to transactions since the
meeting of the last Assembly.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 21
Pea body Scholarship at Nashville, Tenn.
The Trustees of the Peabody Education Fund within the last
year have increased the number of scholarships in Nashville
Normal College for North Carolina from (12) twelve to (14)
fourteen.
While this fund is a real charity to the South, in its applica-tion
the Trustees do not intend to bestow a charity upon any
individual. Thei r aim is to prepare bona fide professional teachers
for all the Southern States, and no one will be appointed to schol-arship
from this State unless the applicant has fully determined
not only to make teaching a profession, but also to teach in this
State at least two years. The scholarships are worth, each, $200
per annum. The names of persons now holding these scholar-ships
are as follows:
Appointed in 1885 for two years—George T. Farnell, Onslow
county; Chas. A. White, Yadkin county; *L. L. Hargrave,
Greene county; Miss Mary G. Floyd, Watauga county; Miss
Florence Moore, Johnston county; Miss Addie Gardiner, Cleve-land
county; Miss Lou E. Case, Guilford county.
Appointed in 1886 for two years—Thomas V. Kirk, Rowan
county; C. J. Parker, Wake county; J. C. Gibson, Randolph
county; Geo. A. Grimsley, Greene county; Miss Maud Sebrell,
Martin county; Miss M. AHie Nooe, Wilkes county ; Miss Ver-lester
Rhodes, Durham county; Miss Meta Chestnutt, Pitt
county.
In addition to these scholarships, other help is extended to
some of the Graded Schools of the State, as will be seen by state-ment
included in this report.
Private Schools and Colleges.
Our public school law contemplates that no branches shall
be taught in the public schools except Spelling, Reading, Writing,
Arithmetic, English Grammar, Geography, Elementary Physiol-
'G&ve up scholarship at close of first year
22 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction.
ogy and Hygiene, and the History of the State and of the United
States; but it allows committees to arrange that other branches
may be taught.
For higher education we are dependent, with few exceptions,
upon private enterprise. Statistics that I have collected on this
subject show that in many counties there are excellent private
high schools that prepare young men and young ladies for col-lege,
and afford them the facilities for practical higher education.
The number of these schools and the number of pupils attend-ing
them, I find much in excess of my expectation. Many of
the teachers in them are live, progressive men and women, who
put into practice the best methods of instruction, and are doing
a great work for the State.
The University and the colleges, male and female, seem to show
increasing attendance and more ample facilities to meet the wants
of the State. Strong efforts are being made to add to the
endowment funds of the colleges, and it is to be hoped that our
people will learn more and more that it is one of the best
things they can do to give money to these Institutions.
Duties away from the Office.
In accordance with the statutes, as business at the office
would allow, I have travelled, visiting Normal Schools, Teach-ers'
Institutes, Boards of Education, County Superintendents
and the Swamp Lands. For this purpose I have used such
part of the allowance for travelling expenses as was necessary.
I made addresses as opportunity offered in a large number of
counties, and instructed the county school officers in the details
of their duties, from which I trust good has resulted.
S. M. FINGER,
December 31, 1886. Superintendent Public Instruction.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 23
WINSTON NORMAL SCHOOL.
Winston, N. C, January 5th, 1886.
To the Honorable Board of Education:
Gentlemen:—We have the honor herewith to submit the reports of the
Superintendent, Secretary, and Treasurer of the Winston Normal School for
the session of 1885.
These detailed statements show that the first session of the school was a
decided success, and that the promise for the future is fall of encouragement.
The commodious Graded School building (white), with its large Chapel, its
office, library and recitation rooms, charts, and blackboards, were put at the
disposal of the school, and at the next session a well supplied library will add
to the advantages of the place for such an institution.
As it will be seen, the eminent and competent Superintendent, who is, also*
the Superintendent of our Graded Schools, gave his services free of charge,.
and the Secretary, who taught a department, and Miss Cox, both teachers in our
Graded Schools, received less compensation than they could claim for their
efficient work and their special qualifications.
It is due to express publicly our appreciation of these labors of love, and to
bear testimony to the wisdom and usefulness of the supervision of the School
by its watchful head, to the enthusiasm, fidelity and success of the teachers in
their several departments, and to the uniform decorum, industry and attention
to study of the pupils.
Respectfully submitted,
C. H. WILEY, Chairman,
JAS. A. GRAY, Treasurer.
W. A. WHITAKER,
Coram iss loners.
REPORT OF J. L. TOMLINSON, SUPERINTENDENT.
To the Board of Commissioners State Normal School, Winston, N. C. :
Gentlemen:—I have the honor to present herein my report of the first
session of the State Normal School, held at Winston, N. C, from June 23d to
July 16th, 1885.
The accompanying report of the Secretary shows that a wide range of ter-ritory
was represented, embracing 9 different States, and 35 counties of North
Carolina, ranging from the extreme East to the far WT
est, and from the north-
24 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
ern to the southern limit of the State, and that 263 teachers were present.
This is certainly a gratifying result, especially for the first session of the
school, and shows wisdom in the selection of Winston as a Normal School
seat. The past session promises well for a still larger attendance upon the
next.
Aside from the healthfulness of the place and its desirableness as to cli-mate,
Winston and her sister city of Salem are full of both historic and
present interest. Their numerous and varied manufacturing and industrial
enterprises are both interesting and instructive to all who may visit them.
The regular work of the school was directed mainly to the subjects required
by law to be taught in the Public Schools. Opportunities were also offered
students to engage in advanced work, in order thereby to extend the range of
their knowledge and thus to qualify themselves to perform more intelligently
and easily the manifold duties of their profession. In addition to the other
work, Miss Fannie B. Cox, of the Winston Graded School, conducted a Model
Primary Class of 38 pupils, in which the Normal students had opportunity of
observing a practical application of the most approved methods of instruction
and discipline for Primary Schools.
The session's work was practical throughout, and consisted not so much of
theoretical discussions as of practical illustrations of methods of teaching the
various subjects; not so much of teaching mere subject-matter of text books,
as of teaching teachers what to teach and how to teach it.
It is evident that a teacher who does not previously possess sufficient text-book
knowledge to teach can hardly acquire enough in three or four weeks to
become a good teacher or even a passable pedagogue. It is hardly the object,
then, of a school of this character to undertake, in the precious time of one
brief session, to give even a tolerable knowledge of Arithmetic, Grammar,
Geography, History, etc., to those not already possessing this knowledge.
Learning to know elsewhere, the teacher comes up to the Normal to learn to
teach.
The true purpose, then, of such a school seems to be:
1. To teach teachers what to teach and how to teach it—how to teach ac-cording
to the most approved and accepted methods—methods based on true
educational and philosophical principles;
2. To train teachers how to systematize their knowledge and present sub-jects
in the most attractive and effective form
;
3. To train teachers in the art of school management—how to organize,
classify and discipline the school
;
4. To lead teachers to study child-nature and the science and art of human
culture ;
5. To lead teachers to adapt each subject and each lssson to the capacity and
wants of the pupils;
6. To inspire the teachers with a more exalted conception of professional
excellence, and to fill them with an enthusiasm for more learning and better
culture;
7. To create and foster an esprit de corps among the members.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 25
The great enthusiasm and earnestness and diligence and general good-will
that were displayed throughout the session by all who were connected in a
bona fide way with the school were very gratifying. It all augured well for
the advancement of the profession. It was a prophecy full of promise.
The difference between a well qualified teacher and a mere schoolkeeper is
becoming more and more widely known.
The general tendency is in the right direction. Business of all kinds is in-creasing,
improving. Its plans, its methods are changing, and those who are
to prosper in it must have a wider outlook than was formerly necessary. They
must take much more into calculation than their fathers did. Competition is
sharper than it was, the competitors more numerous, and improved methods
make it harder to keep up with the times. We must work with clear heads
and brave hearts; and those who take best advantage of the facilities furnished
by science and by art are going to carry off the prizes.
The demand for educated and trained teachers is already in excess of the
supply, and is rapidly increasing. The public heretofore may perhaps have
been satisfied with the worse than poor teaching which has obtained, and more
or less prevailed, but the public is beginning to demand intelligent and well
educated teaching.
Before closing my report I desire to express my hearty thanks to the Board
of Commissioners, the citizens of Winston, the Normal School Faculty and
students, without whose joint and cordial support and interest the school could
not have been the success it is deemed to have been. »
* Very respectfully,
J. L. TOMLINSON, Superintendent.
SECRETARY'S REPORT.
Rev. C. H. Wiley, D. D., Chairman of Normal School Commissioners:
Sir:—Enclosed you will find my report of the Winston Normal School of
1885. The school was opened in the Winston Graded School building on the
23d of June, and closed the 16th of July.
COMMISSIONERS.
Rev. C. H. Wiley, D. D., Chairman; Jas. A. Gray, Secretary and Treasurer;
W. A. Whitaker.
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS.
J. L. Tomlinson, Superintendent and Lecturer on School Management and
Discipline.
26 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Chas. D. Mclver, Secretary and Instructor in Methods of Teaching Latin.
T. J. Mitchell, Instructor in Arithmetic and Methods of Teaching.
J. H. Myers, Instructor in Grammar and Geography.
Robert Houston, Instructor in Elocution.
George E. Little, Instructor in Drawing.
B. F. Unseld, Instructor in Vocal Music.
Miss Fannie B. Cox, Teacher of Primary Class.
SPECIAL INSTRUCTORS,
Col. Francis L. Parker, on Methods and School Management.
Maj. Robert Bingham, on Geography.
LECTURES, ENTERTAINMENTS, ETC.
Capt. M. C. S. Noble made a talk on the Geography of North Carolina.
Maj. Bingham delivered an address on National Aid.
Col. Parker, while engaged at the Normal School, addressed the citizens of
Winston and Salem in the Opera House.
Mrs. Col. Parker and Prof. Houston favored the teachers from time to time
with recitations.
Two entertainments were given at the Opera House by Professors Houston
and Little.
STATISTICS.
The attendance at the Normal School was 314, representing nine States and
35 counties in North Carolina. The counties represented were : Forsyth, 135
Guilford, 12; Randolph, 12; Stokes, 11 ; Davidson, 10; Davie, 7; Yadkin, 8
Mecklenburg, 7; Wake, 7; Iredell, 4; Rowan, 4; Alamance, 3; Robeson, 3
Rockingham, 3; Chatham, 2; Lincoln, 2; Moore, 2; Durham, 2; Orange, 2
Wayne, 2 ; and Anson, Franklin, Richmond, Catawba, Cleveland, Chowan, Ber-tie,
Granville, Warren, Martin, Pitt, Buncombe, Harnett, Stanly and New
Hanover one (1) each. The roll shows the following:
Number of males 108
Number of females 155
Number of male graduates 25
Number of female graduates 46
Number of married males 44
Number of unmarried males 64
Number of married females 11
Number of unmarried females 144
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 27
TOTAL ATTENDANCE.
Commissioners 3
Faculty... 10
Students „ 263
Primary Class 38
Total . • 314
CHAS. D. McIVER, Secretary.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
1885. Dr. Cr.
May 20 To amount received from S. M. Finger, Super-intendent
Public Instruction, State appropri-ation
|500 00
July 9 To amount received from S. M. Finger, Peabody
Fund 95 00
Aug. 19 To amount received from S. M. Finger, Peabody
Fund 25 00
By amount paid Prof. T. J. Mitchell, salary
" " " " J. H. Myers, salary
" " Robt. Houston, salary
" B. F. Unseld, salary
" board of Prof. Unseld
" Prof. C. D. Mclver, salary
" Miss Fannie B. Cox, salary
" Col. Parker and Prof. Little,
through J. L. Tomlinson..
By amount paid Jno. Anderson, Janitor
" for miscellaneous expenses, for
circulars, advertising, stamps, etc....
Respectfully submitted,
JAS. A. GRAY, Treasurer.
Winston, N. C.
$ 75 00
100 00
100 00
75 00
16 16
60 00
40 00
65 37
18 00
70 47
$620 00 $620 00
LOCAL BOARD OP DIRECTORS OF WINSTON WHITE NORMAL SCHOOL 1886.
Rev. C. H. Wiley, Chairman; Jas. A. Gray, Secretary and Treasurer ; J. H.
Whitaker.
28 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
TREASURER'S REPORT.
1886. Dr. Cr.
June 9 To amount received from S. M. Finger, Super-intendent
Public Instruction, State appropri-ation
. $500 00
June 9 To amount received from S. M. Finger, Peabody
Fund 95 00
Oct. 14 To amount received from County Board of Edu-cation
30 00
July 17 By amount paid J. L. Tomlinson, Superitendent $150 00
19 " " " C. D. Mclver, Secretary and
Treasurer 100 00
19 By amount paid A. L. Phillips, Teacher 25 00
20 " " " T. J. Mitchell, Teacher 100 00
22 " " " E. A. Oldham, printing 9 75
" John Anderson, Janitor 15 00
" C. F. Siler, Teacher 25 00
" " Miss Bessie Fanning, Teacher... 50 00
" John J. Blair, Teacher 15 00
23 " " " Adolphus Brown, Janitor at col-ored
school 75
By amount paid Sandy Gwynn, Janitor, at col-ored
school , 4 50
24 By amount paid Williamson & Conn, printing... 6 75
Aug. 21 " " " D. J. Moore, Teacher 30 00
22 " " " W. H. Neave, Teacher. 10 00
24 " " " J. L. Tomlinson, amount ex-pended
for postage, stationery, etc 21 00
24 By amount paid Buxton & Gray, assignees of
Pfohl & Stockton, board of Profs. Neave and
Phillips 12 37
31 By amount paid J. L. Tomlinson, expended for
printing 50
Balance 49 38
$625 00 $625 00
Oct. 14 To balance on hand $ 49 38
Respectfully submitted,
JAS. A. GRAY, Treasurer.
Winston, N. C.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 29
NEWTON NORMAL SCHOOL, 1885.
REPORT OF J. A. FOIL, SECRETARY.
Col. M. L. McCorkle, Chairman of Local Board:
Sir:—I herewith transmit the Secretary's report of the Newton Normal
School for the session of 1885.
School opened in the buildings of Catawba College, in the town of Newton,
July 1st, 1885, and closed July 28th.
FACULTY.
M. C. S. Noble, Superintendent.
E. P. Moses, Professor of Arithmetic.
W. A. Blair, Professor of English Grammar.
Henry Houck, Professor of Methods of Teaching.
Rev. J. A. Foil, Professor of Algebra and Geometry.
J.J. Blair, Professor of History.
J. M. McCorkle, Professor of Physiology.
Nellie Cook, Teacher of Model Primary School.
Mary Robinson, Teacher of Music.
GENERAL LECTURES.
The following distinguished gentlemen delivered lectures and addresses on
various subjects appropriate to school work : Maj. S. M. Finger, State Super-intendent
of Public Instruction, Rev. C. H. Wiley, D. D., of Winston, N. C,
Prof. Henry Houck, Department Superintendent of Penn., and Col. M. L.
McCorkle, of Newton. Besides the above, there were daily lectures by the
Normal Faculty on the different subjects taught in the course.
STATISTICS.
Duration of school term, days 28
Number of days for Normal instruction 20
Number of instructors 9
Number of students in Normal department 403
Number of males 218
Number of females 185
Average daily attendance 200
Number of counties in North Carolina represented 35
SO Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
PRIMARY DEPARTMENT.
Number of pupils. 50
Number of males 23
Number of females 27
Total number in attendance of Normal and Primary 453
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
Tbe Newton Normal acknowledges the favor of A. S. Barnes & Co. for the
use of Readers and Histories.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
To Col. M. L. McCorkle, Chairman Board of Managers State Normal School,
Newton, N C. :
Dear Sir:—The fifth session of the Newton Normal School closed on
Tuesday night, July 28th. The length of the session was four weeks. The
Secretary's report will show that there were enrolled 403 teachers, and fifty
children in the model class. The daily exercises, beginning at 8:45 A. M., and
closing at 1 P. M., were conducted in the large and commodious assembly room
of the Catawba College, and consisted of lectures relative to the best methods
of teaching all those subjects that are required to be taught in the common
schools. At 12 M.j the teachers were formed into a drill class for one hour.
As often as desired, the teachers discussed "Discipline," " Rights of Pupils,"
" Rights of Teachers," and many other subjects relating to the successful man-agement
of schools. At night there were occasional lectures by eminent
friends of education. The names of the lecturers, and the subjects of their
lectures, will be found in the Secretary's report.
The model class was of great interest, and was a valuable means of illus-trating
methods.
The spirit of the school law was carried out by having daily lectures on Phys-iology.
We are under obligations to the lecturer, Dr. McCorkle, of 'Newton,
for the entertaining way in which he presented the subject.
The Newton Normal continues to grow in favor with our North Carolina
teachers. The attendance was not only greater than last year's, but it was
greater than that of any Normal held in the State this summer. Some feared
that there would be a falling off in numbers at Newton this summer by reason
of the establishment of new normals at Asheville, Boone and Winston, all
near Newton, and all well equipped. It is with pleasure, though, that I call
attention to the fact that not only did Newton have an increased attend-ance,
but the new normals were well attended by earnest representative teach-ers.
All this shows the very great interest our teachers are taking in this
work.
In the management of the school, it was our constant effort to make all the
instruction decidedly practical. Well trained teachers are the State's great
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 31
need. They are to train the majority of those who are to control her destinies
in the future. Hence it was our aim to find out what the teachers needed and
then to present only those methods which, by actual test in the school-room,
had proved to be of value. That this feature of our school was so prominent
as to attract the attention of many well known successful educators who visited
us, is a matter of pride with all of us.
We were ably assisted in our work by Hon. Henry Houck, of Pennsylvania.
His lectures were profitable and enjoyable. With this exception, all of the
instructors were North Carolina teachers, who have taught for years in our
own State. This fact, we believe, contributed much to the success of the
school.
Recognizing the fact that the school could not have succeeded as it did,
without the enthusiastic support and encouragement that was so kindly given
me by the citizens of Newton, the Board of Managers, the members of the
Faculty and the Normal students, I take great pleasure in hereby expressing
my sincere thanks to all. Respectfully,
M. C. S. NOBLE, Superintendent.
TREASURER'S REPORT, 1885.
To the Board of the Newton Normal School :
Dear Sirs:—I beg leave to submit the following report:
1885. Dr. Cr.
May 19 To amount carried over from last year $ 32 67
" " received from S. M. Finger, being
the State appropriation 500 00
27 By amount paid Williams & Shannon, for print-ing
posters and circulars,.... $ 24 00
June 27 By amount paid Williams & Shannon, for adver-tising
in Enterprise .. 5 35
July 6 To amount received from Catawba county 100 00
9 " " " " S. M. Finger, being
Peabody appropriation 100 00
11 By amount paid J. R. Gaither, Express Agent...
20 " " " Minna B. Penick (music)
Aug. 18 To amount received from S. M. Finger, being
additional Peabody appropriation 25 00
July 28 By amount paid Mary F. Robinson, teacher......
" " " E. P. Moses, teacher
" M. C. S. Noble, Superintendent
" " " W. A. and J. J. Blair, teacher,
" Henry Houck, teacher
2 70
11 00
50 00
112 50
112 50
125 00
110 00
32 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
July 28 By amount paid Miss M. E. Cook, Teacher $ 50 00
30 " " " Caleb Bennett, janitor..! 10 00'
" " J. A. Garvin, P. M 13 00
" " " J. J. Godwin, for work 3 00
Aug. 27 " " " Dr. J. M. McCorkle, Lecturer.. 50 00
" Mary Locke McCorkle, (piano
for Calisthenics) 4 00
By amount paid J. A. Foil, Sec'y and Teacher... 65 00
$757 67 $748 05
748 05
To balance in Treasury $ 9 62
Respectfully, J. A. FOIL, Treasurer.
August 27, 1885.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF NEWTON WHITE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1886.
M. L. McCorkle, Chairman;. Rev. J. A. Foil, Secretary and Treasurer ; M„
O. Sherrill, Dr. J. R. Campbell, F. M. Williams.
REPORT OF THE LOCAL BOARD OF MANAGERS OF THE NEW-TON
NORMAL SCHOOL, 1886.
Newton, N. C, Sept. 1st, 1886.
To the Honorable Board of Education
:
We have the honor to submit to you our report of the Newton Normal
School for 1886, enclosing the reports of the Superintendent and Treasurer. As
the Superintendent's report is full, giving such particulars as may be desirable,
we find it unnecessary to add anything to what he has said. It affords us great
pleasure, however, to bear testimony to the good accomplished by the school
during the last session, to the commendable interest manifested by the pupils
and by the citizens of the town, and to the efficiency and zeal of the Professors.
Respectfully submitted,
M. L. McCORKLE, Chairman,
J. A. FOIL, Secretary and Treasurer,
M. O. SHERRILL,
J. R. CAMPBELL,
F. M. WILLIAMS.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 33
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
A OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Newton, N. O, beginning 30th day of June, 1886, and ending 23d
day of July, 1886.
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS, WITH SUBJECTS.
M. C. S. Noble, Superintendent Wilmington Graded Schools, Superinten-dent.
E. P. Moses, Superintendent Raleigh Graded Schools, Geography and His-tory.
E. C. Branson, Superintendent Athens, Ga., Graded Schools, English Gram-mar.
H. R. Sanford, State Institute Conductor, N. Y., Reading, Writing, School
Government.
M. C. S. Noble, Arithmetic.
Miss M. L. McCurkle, Anson Institute, Music.
Miss M. E. Cook, Wilmington Graded Schools, Primary Classes.
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Dr. W. B. Phillips, Chapel Hill, N. C, Relation of Public Schools to the
University.
Hon. J. C. Scarborough, Selma, N. C, The Blair Bill.
H. R. Sanford, Syracuse, N. Y., The Price Paid and the Value Received,
Hon. S. M. Finger, Raleigh, N. C, Education and Labor.
Col. M. L. McCorkle, Newton, N. C, Evolution.
Prof. W. A. Blair, High Point, N. C, Education.
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Number of males enrolled 146
Number of females enrolled 160
Total attendance enrolled 306
Average daily attendance , 125
Number of Faculty 7
Number of pupils in Primary Class... 49
Number of males who are teachers 100
Number of females who are teachers , 75
Number special lectures 6
Duration of school term, days 24
Number of days for Normal work 18
3
34 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER OF
TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Catawba <. 86
Lincoln . 9
Gaston 3
Cleveland 5
Butherford 2
Burke 4
Buncombe 1
Iredell 9
Rowan 8
Mecklenburg 6
Guilford 5
Union „ , 4
Stanly 1
Rockingham : 2
Henderson 1
Davidson 3
Pitt ... „ 1
Anson 3
Randolph 3
Durham 1
New Hanover 3 Martin 1
Wake 5 Cumberland 1
Orange. 2 Forsyth 1
Caldwell 2 Cabarrus 1
Alexander 2 j
Total attendance of teachers 175
M. C. S. NOBLE, Superintendent.
Newton, N. C, Jnly 24th, 1886.
To the Local Board of Directors of the State Normal School at Newton, N. C.
:
Gentlemen:—By the accompanying report it will be seen that during the
session ending July 23d, 1886, the enrollment at the Newton Normal School
was 306, of which number 175 were teachers. In the primary class there
were enrolled 49. This enrollment is not so great as last year's. The falling
off in numbers is due, I am sure, to the very inclement weather of the first
two weeks, during which time it rained every day. The attendance repre-sented
29 counties of North Carolina, forming an extended area in which the
teachers have, we hope, been materially benefited.
During the four years in which I have been connected with the normal work
at Newton, I have noted with pleasure the constantly increasing earnestness
of the teachers in attendance. I am pleased to say that I have noted a like
earnestness at several other normals which I have visited in our State. The
State Normals are doing their greatest good with those teachers who are already
in the work. They also greatly benefit, it is true, those who are preparing to
teach. I incline to the idea, however, that the best way to reach and benefit
those who wish to prepare themselves to teach, is to establish a permanent
State Normal School. At the same time, something should be done to increase
the efficiency of either the present Summer Normals, or the County Institutes,
by which alone those already in the work can be reached. How these results
can best be secured, is quite difficult to decide. That these suggestions are
not original with me, will be apparent to all who have conversed on the sub-ject
with our most thoughtful and practical State Superintendent.
In the management of the session just ended, it was my constant endeavor
to learn the needs of teachers in ungraded schools, and to shape our work
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 35
with special referecce to those needs. No theory was advanced that had not
been tried with success in the class room. The exercises of the drill class
were decidedly less formal than ever before. In organizing this class, it was
my object not only to drill teachers in the nse of methods, but to encourage
on their part, a spirit of inquiry as to every method presented by a member
of the faculty. Part of the time of the drill class was devoted to discussing
questions of discipline, school government, &c. The teachers manifested
much interest in these discussions, and I am satisfied that great good has been
done.
The success of the school is by no means due to any one persou. It is in
great part due to the teachers in attendance, the earnest efforts of my fellow
teachers of the faculty, the interest taken in our work by the citizens of New-ton,
the full and fair reports of the proceedings as published by the Newton
Enterprise, and other papers friendly to the cause of education, and to the
hearty support of the Local Board. To all, I return my sincere thanks.
Very truly, M. C. S. NOBLE, Superintendent.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
To the Board of the Newton Normal School :
Dear Sirs:—I beg leave to submit the following report:
1886. Dr. Cr.
June 7 To amount carried over from last year .$ 9 67
" " received from S. M. Finger, State
appropriation ....'. 500 00
To amount received from S. M. Finger, Peabody
appropriation 95 00
To amount received from Catawba county 100 00
27 By amount paid Tipton & Quinn, printers.........
July 6 " " " J. R. Gaither, Express Agent...
13 " " " W. B. Gaither, Asssistant P. M.
postage, „.,
23 By amount paid Prof. E. P. Moses
" E.C.Branson
" HenryR. Sanford
" M. C.S.Noble
" Miss Mary E. Cook
" R. A. Bost, Prof. Sanford's
board 10 00
By amount paid R. A. Bost, J. C. Scarborough's
board 5 00
16 25
4 50
15 00
125 00
105 00
100 00
125 00
55 00
36 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
July 28 By amount paid Archie Sims, janitor $ 11 00
Aug. 28 " " " Mary Locke MeCorkle 50 00
9 " " " L. B. Herr, for books 109
" " " J. A. Foil, Secretary 75 00
$704 67 $697 84
697 84
To balance in treasury 6 83
Respectfully, J. A. FOIL, Treasurer.
September 1, 1886.
FRANKLIN NORMAL SCHOOL, 1885.
REPORT OF LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
We have the honor to report that the Franklin State Normal opened on
the 29th day of June, and closed on the 24th day of July, 1885.
FACULTY.
Geo. G. Groff, A. M., M. D., Principal, Professor of Natural History in the
University of Lewisburg, Pa.
Prof. S. G. Boyd, ex-Superintendent of Schools, York, Pa., and Prof. J. H.
Rayhill, Professor of Elocution, Illinois College, Jacksonville, 111.
Dr. Groff had charge of History, Geography, Hygeinic Physiology and
Methods of Instruction.
Prof. Boyd taught English Grammar and Arithmetic.
Prof. Rayhill taught Reading and Elocution.
Instead of a Model Primary School lectures on primary teaching were substi-tuted.
The ground was covered thoroughly, each one of the faculty contrib-uting
by lectures on actual teaching, so that the subject of Primary instruction
was relieved of much of the monotony necessarily incident to a Model
Primary School.
In addition to the branches named, Dr. Groff taught Botany by lecturing
half an hour each day on the subject, illustrating every fact taught by flowers,
plants, &c.
More was done at this than at any previous term in the way of lecturing.
The lectures were none of them for entertainment only, but they were instruc-tive
and broadening.
In addition to teaching the branches they had in charge the members of the
faculty delivered the following lectures:
By Dr. Groff, Illustrated Lectures on, 1. Wonders of the Human Body ;
2. Healthful Homes ; 3. The History of a Candle ; 4. The History of our Coal
Beds; 5. The History of Table Salt; 6. A Grain of Wheat; 7. The Life of
the Early World.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 37
By Prof. Boyd, 1. A tour through the United States ; 2. A tour through
Ireland, Scotland, England and France ; 3. A tour through Spain, Germany,
Switzerland and Italy ; 4. Views in Egypt and the Holy Land, illustrative of
scenes and events in Bible history ; 5. Views illustrative of Geological Science.
By Prof. Rayhill, Illustrated lecture on Expression.
The above lectures by Prof. Boyd were illustrated by photographs presented
with the aid of two powerful stereopticons.
During the term, Prof. J. B. Boone, President of Jndson College, lectured
on " What the Teacher communicates to the Pupil."
Dr. J. L. M. Curry lectured twice, once on Public Education, and once on
the Duties and Qualifications of the Teacher.
Eichmond Pearson, Esq., lectured on the Duty of the Teacher to Interest
Himself in the General Legislation of the Country.
Maj. Robert Bingham lectured three times : Once on the " New North Car-olina
;" 2d, The Value of an Education, and 3d, on the " New South."
Hon. E. P. Dick lectured on " How Little We Know."
The number enrolled was 167.
The counties represented were Buncombe, Clay, Haywood, Jackson, Gra-ham,
Macon, Cherokee, Swain, New Hanover and Union. There were
teachers in attendance from Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee and Indiana,
who participated in the exercises as students of the school.
Owing to family bereavement Dr. Groff was obliged to leave at the end of
the third week, and during the last week of the term W. H. H. Hughes,
County Superintendent of Jackson county, N. C, taught Geography, and A.
D. Farmer, County Superintendent of Macon, took charge of History.
No previous term of this school has been characterized by so much interest
on the part of the teachers in attendance and the community at large. Much
of this interest was owing to abundance of aptness of illustration at every
step. As an evidence of the effectiveness of the instruction in Physiology,
at the public examination of the teachers of Macon county, held on Monday
after the close of the Normal, 60 teachers were examined, 50 of whom stood
a fair examination on Physiology and Hygiene, grading from 80 up.
The report of the Treasurer herewith enclosed shows the disposition of the
funds placed at the disposal of the Local Board of Directors.
J. L. EOBINSON,
A. D. Farmer, Secretary. Chairman Local Board of Directors.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Franklin State Normal School, at Franklin,
In account with J. G. Crawford, Treasurer
1885 Cr.
By balance on hand $ 6 73
" State appropriation, 18S5 500 00
" amount from Peabodv Fund 85 00
38 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Dr.
June 22 To Cash Voucher No. 1.
27 '
t « u
" 2.
" 3.
July 19 «
( (C it " 4.
20 ' ' " a " 5.
24 <
'. a " 6.
" 7.
" 8.
" 9.
< a " " 10.
i ti ie " 11.
i (i a " 12.
t a (i
a
" 13.
" 14.
t (i a " 15
23 '
l « a " 16.
24 '
( it 11 " 17.
By balance on hand
Respectfully submitted,
July 27, 1885.
$ 11 10'
11 76
2 30
142 50
13 70
100 00
175 00
40 00
15 00
15 00
10 00
11 35
6 87
3 50
60
85
1 05
1591 73 $560 58.
31 15
$591 73.
J. G. CRAWFORD, Treasurer.
Bills for printing circulars and express on same are still unpaid. I will
forward vouchers when payment is made, that it may be added to the account-
J. G. C.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF FRANKLIN WHIT*} NORMAL SCHOOL, 1886.
L. A. Williams, Chairman; J. G. Crawford, Treasurer; Rev. J. A. Deal,
John Ammons, Jesse S. Sloan.
Franklin, N. C, August 9th, 1886.
Hon. S. M. Finger, Superintendent Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C:
Dear Sir:—Enclosed please find report of Dr. Geo. G. Groff, Superintend-ent
of the Franklin State Normal School, and also report of the Treasurer for
session of 1886.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. G. CRAWFORD, Secretary.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 89
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIREC-TORS
OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Franklin, Macon county, N. O, beginning the 5th day of July,
1886, and ending the 30th day of July, 1886.
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Geo. G. Groff, Superintendent.
Geo. G. Grofij History, Geography, Hygiene.
W. W. Kelchner, Arithmetic, Grammar, Botany.
Laura G. Kibbee, Elocution, Spelling.
L. A. Williams, Model School.
Mrs. L. A. Williams, Vocal Music".
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Geo. G. Groff', The Effects of Alcohol on the Human Body, the Human
Body, What I saw in Europe.
Superintendent S. M. Finger, Educational Address.
Prof. Boone (of Judson College), The value of Higher Education.
Prof. G. R. Stewart (Centenary College, Tennessee), Methods of Instruction.
Rev. S. S. Smith, The Value of Natural History Studies.
Miss L. G. Kibbee, Select Readings.
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Number of males enrolled 86
Number of females enrolled 81
Total attendance enrolled 167
Average daily attendance 110
Number of faculty 5
Number of pupils in primary class 33
Number of males who are teachers 39
Number of females who are teachers 33
Number special lectures 8
Duration of school term, days 20
Number of days for Normal work 20
Franklin, N. C, July 30, 1886.
Hon. S. M. Finger, Raleigh, N. C. :
Dear, Sir:—To secure an idea of the value of the Franklin Normal, one
must go outside this report. The evening lectures were very largely attended.
The last evening, some thought there were over 700 persons present. I think
the following: changes would be beneficial
:
40 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
1. That at every session of the State Normals, there be two days for a con-vention
of all the township school- men and the friends of education. You
perceive the good which such a convention would do at such a time.
2. That at the close of each normal, the faculty hold an examination, and,
under the authority of the State, grant certificates, these certificates to be of
same value as those granted by the County Superintendents. The object of
this is two-fold : 1, to secure a larger attendance at the normals; and 2, to
secure better attention on the part of the students in attendance.
3. That the standard of the first grade certificate be advanced, and that
when once secured, the holder be relieved from all further examinations.
Kespectfully, G. G. GROFF.
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Macon ,, 44 | Cherokee 2
Jackson 14 Swain 1
Graham 3 Transylvania 1
Haywood 2 | Gaston '... 1
Clay 2 ;
7
Total attendance of teachers 72
GEO. G. GROFF, Superintendent.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
1886. Dr. Cr.
To balance on hand, 1885 $ 31 15
To State appropriation 500 00
To amount from Peabody Fund 95 00
Mch. 13 By voucher No. 1, telegram $ 2 50
June 26 " " " 2, postage. 2 46
July 1 " " " 3, labor -2 00
3 " " " 4, labor 1 25
12 " " " 5, printing 13 00
19 " " " 6, freight 2 25
20 " " " 7, freight 2 65
27 " " " 8, salary W. W. Kelchner 100 00
29 " " " 9, salary L. A. Williams 50 00
29 " " " 10, salary Mrs. L. A. Williams 25 00
29 " " " 11, piano " " " 10 00
29 " " u
12, salary G. G. Groff. 225 00
29 " " " 13, expenses G. G. Groff 1180
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 41
July SO By voucher No. 14, telephone
30
30
30
30
Aug. 2
" 15, salary Lau ra G. Kibbee
" 16, Janitor ...
« 17, services J. G Crawford
" 18 hauling ...
" 19, labor
on hand
1 50
GO 00
10 00
40 00
1 00
8 00
$568 41
57 74
$626 15 |626 15
Respectfully submitted,
J. G. CRAWFORD, Treasurer.
BOONE NORMAL SCHOOL FOR 1885, BEING ITS
FIRST SESSION.
SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT.
Boone, N. C, August 6, 1885.
Hon. S. M. Finger, State Superintendent Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C. :
My Dear Sir :—I enclose you herewith the report of the first session of the
Boone Normal School, as made to Capt. E. F. Lovill, Chairman of the Local
Board of Managers, by the Secretary of (he School, Rev. I. W. Thomas, of
Boone, N. 0.
I trust you will find the result of the session's work satisfactory to you in the
main. The instructors were competent, painstaking and industrious. They
did thoroughly good work, and from the first day to the close kept the teachers
thoroughly interested in the work of the school. Great enthusiasm was man-ifest
throughout the session, and the work of education in the public and private
schools received an impetus which will, I trust, reach and largely benefit the
people in that entire section of the State and make your work and the work
of all educators much easier and of more rapid and genuine progress among
the people of that and other sections of our State. I desire thus publicly to
thank you for your uniform kindness and courtesy to me as the Superintendent
of the school, and also my thanks to the Local Board of Managers and to all
connected with the school for their patience with my faults and the support
they gave me in my efforts to make the school a success. With my best
wishes for you as a man, and assuring you of my earnest sympathy with you
in the great work which the people of the State have trusted to your fostering
care, I am,
With great respect, your obedient servant,
JOHN C. SCARBOROUGH,
Superintendent Boone Normal School.
42 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
SECRETARY'S REPORT.
Capt. E. F. Lovill, Chairman Local Board Managers
:
Dear Sir :—I hand you herewith ray report as Secretary of the first ses-sion
of the State Normal School, held at Boone, N. C, under the act of As-sembly
of 1885, authorizing and providing for the same. I trust you will find
his report as full as desirable and that the work of the school with its results
may meet your approval. I am,
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
I. W. THOMAS, Secretary.
The first session of this school opened in the Court House, in Boone, Wa-tauga
county, on July 8, 1885, and closed on August 6, following.
The following named gentlemen and ladies appeared on the first day of the
session by election of your Board to their respective positions :
John C. Scarborough, Selma, N. C, Superintendent.
John Duckett, Hamilton, N. C, teacher of Physiology and Hygiene and
Reading.
J. F. Spainhour, Globe Academy, N. C, teacher of Spelling and Phonics,
Penmanship and Arithmetic.
A. H. Eller, Ashe county, N. C, teacher of History of North Carolina and
of United States.
Miss Annie Moore, Goldsboro Graded School, teacher of Geography, Map-drawing
and free Hand-drawing.
Miss Lucy Jurney, Mooresville, N. C, teacher of English Grammar.
Miss Grace S. Dewey, Charlotte, N. C, teacher of Calisthenics.
Miss Maggie McDowell, Weaverville College, teacher of Model Primary
Class.
The following special lectures were delivered during the session by the
gentlemen mentioned :
" Public Schools a Necessity," Capt. John Duckett.
i Three lectures on Pl^siology and Hygiene, A. A. Scroggs, M. D.
"The Genius of Literary Association," Rev. G. B. Wetmore, D. D.
" Education a Patriotic Duty," Col. R. F. Armfield.
"Education and the New South," Maj. Robert Bingham.
" The Educational Problem of North Carolina," Hon. S. M. Finger, State
Superintendent Public Instruction.
The Superintendent and members of the Faculty delivered lectures fre-quently
during the progress of the session on Educational Methods, School
Organizations, Discipline, the Teacher's work in producing a healthy public
sentiment on the subject of general education and the free public schools, and
on various other topics connected with educational work.
Profs. Noble, of Wilmington; Blair, of High Point; F. G. Woodard, of
Spartanburg, S. C, and R. P. Claxton, of Blowing Rock, also favored the
school with excellent lectures on education and school work.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 43
STATISTICS.
Duration of sciiool terra, days 28
Number of days for Normal work 22
Number of instructors 8
Number enrolled in Normal department 174
Total number " " " 182
Number in Model Primary department 25
Total enrolled in both departments 207
Males in Normal Department 106
Males in Model Primary 13
Females in Normal Department 68
" " Model Primary 12
Average daily attendance in Normal Department 90
Number of counties represented in North Carolina 14
" from other States , 2
" " married males ,..., 18
" '' " females 1
" " males preparing to teach 21
" " females " " " 25
" " teachers of 20 years' experience i
" 15 " " 5
" " " " 10 " " 11
" " " " 5 ". " , 16
" " " " lto5" " : 47
" " " College graduates 12
" with partial college training 20
" academic training 63
" common school training 33
Average age of male teachers 24
" " female " 21
TREASURER'S REPORT.
W. C. Coffey, in account with Boone Normal School.
1885. Dr. Cb.
May 30 By amount from State $500 00
July 10 " " " Peabody fund 85 00 $585 00
To amount paid express charges $ 85
" freight charges on text books... 2 60
" Editor Lenoir Topic, for hand-bills
, 2 00
To amount paid Edwards, Bronghton & Co., for
circulars 5 00
44 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Aug. 10
July 10 To amount paid for blackboards f> 7 75
" " " use of piano 5 00
" I. W. Thomas, Secretary 30 00
" for piano cover 40
" J. C. Scarborough, Snp't 125 00
" " John Duckett, instructor 90 00
"
J. F. Spainhour, "
" A.H. Eller,
" Maggie McDowell, "
" Annie Moore, "
" Lucy Jurney, "
" Grace Dewey, "
w " E. W. Hennessee, sexton 12 00
" for moving piano ,
" " use of reading chart
" candles
" " " use of books
" " stationery
" " postage stamps and postal
cards
To amount paid for school crayons
" " water bucket and dipper ,
" mv commissions as Treasurer
50 00
50 00
50 00
50 00
50 00
20 00
50
50
25
1 00
2 50
4 60
1 75
50
5 85
By balance in my hands,
December 29, 1885.
568 05
$ 16 95
W. C. COFFEY, Treasurer.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF BOONE WHITE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1886.
E. F. Lovill, Chairman ; Rev. I. W. Thomas, Secretary; W. C. Coffey,
Treasurer; D. B. Dougherty, W. B. Council, L. L. Greene, T. J. Coffey.
Boone, N. C, Oct. 15th, 1886.
Hon. S. M. Finger, Superintendent Public Instruction :
Dear Sir:—I herewith transmit the report of the Superintendent of the
State Normal School held at Boone, commencing July 26th and ending the
20th day of August. Also the report of the Treasurer, with vouchers cover-ing
all the expenditures, and showing a balance in his hands of $61.55. It
will be seen from the report of the Superintendent, Prof. G. W. Greene, that
there were in attendance 138 actual teachers, with a total attendance of 188.
The Superintendent and the efficient corps of instructors deserve and have the
thanks of all for the able and successful manner in which the school was con-
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 45
ducted and the zealous and conscientious manner in which they performed
their duties. It is to be regretted, however, that Prof. T. J. Mitchell, Super-intendent,
found it necessary to leave us about the middle of the term. It
would be impossible to estimate the great good this school has already accom-plished
in this mountain country. Its effects are s^en in every direction in
increased interest which is manifested in all matters that pertain to education.
New and better school-houses are being erected all over the country, and the
people are demanding better teachers than formerly, and in very many ways
we are able to see the great good that this school has accomplished in our
midst.
Very respectfu 1 i y >
E. F. LOVILL, Chairman.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIREC-TORS
OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Boone, N. C, beginning 26th day of July, 1886, ending 20th day
of August, 1886.
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS, WITH SUBJECTS.
T. J. Mitchell, Superintendent first two weeks, daily lectures on School
Organization and Methods of Teaching.
G. W. Greene, Superintendent last two weeks, daily lectures on Teaching
and Teachers, Instruction in English Grammar.
J. F. Spainhour, Instruction in Arithmetic and Orthography.
Miss Lucy Jurney, Instruction in Reading and Penmanship.
Miss Maggie McDowell, Instruction in History and Model Primary.
Miss Jean C. Gales, Instruction in Geography, Calisthenics and Elocution.
Miss Emma Council, Organist.
I. W. Thomas, Secretary.
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Prof. Geo. G. Groff, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa., one lecture on
How to be a Successful Teacher ; one lecture on The Human Body, illustrated
by life-size manikin ; one lecture on Alcohol, and two lectures on Food.
Prof. Wilford Canlkins, of Chattanooga, Tenn,, one lecture on "Jesus the
Man."
Prof. Quinn, of Newton, N. C, one lecture on An Educational Qualification
for Suffrage.
Prof. Spainhour, one lecture on the Indians, three lectures on School Gov-ernment.
46 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
STATISTICAL, STATEMENT.
Number of males enrolled 115
Number of females enrolled ....... 73
Total attendance enrolled 188
Average daily attendance 109
Number of faculty .• 6
Number of pupils in primary class 25
Number of males who are teachers 89
Number of females who are teachers 49
Number special lectures 11
Duration of school term, days , 20
Number of days for normal work 20
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Watauga ...72 j Surry ' 2
Mitchell 1 Wilkes 5
Ashe 10 Craven 1
Alleghany 7 Randolph 1
Caldwell 18 Also the following counties of
Iredell 9 Tennessee:
Madison 1 Johnson 2
McDowell 2 Murray 1
Buncombe 1 Sullman 1
Durham '. 1 Number of visitors 120
Burke 2 Grand total 333
Mecklenburg 1
Total attendance of teachers , 133
G. W. GREENE, Superintendent
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Boone State Normal School, In account with W. C. Coffey, Treasurer. •
1886. Dr. Cr.
June 11 By balance from last year * $ 16 95
" appropriation made by the State of N. C 500 00
" cash from Agent Peabody fund , 95 00
$611 95
To paid for stamps and stationery $ 7 75
" " " incidental expenses 4 90
" " Editor Lenoir Topic, for advertising
Boone Normal 2 50
To paid I. W. Thomas, Secretary 5 00
" " T. J. Coffey & Bro., for crayons 45
" " T. J. Mitchell, for circulars of Boone
Normal 3 75
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 47
Aug. 7 To paid G. G. Groff, for lecturing $ 35 00
20 " " Prof. G. W. Greene, teacher and Super-intendent
100 00
To paid Prof. J. F. Spainhour, teacher 100 00
" Miss Lucy Jurney, " 50 00
" " " Jean C. Gales, " 50 00
" " Maggie McDowell, " 50 00
21 " " " Emma Council, for instrumental
music 25 00
To paid I. W. Thomas, Secretary 35 00
Oct. 5 " " W. L. Bryan, board bill for G. G. Groff 3 00
21 " " E. W. Hennessee (col.), janitor 16 00
5 " " J. T. Mitchell, Superintendent, for half
term , 52 00
To paid T. J. Coffey & Bro., for two reflecting
lamps 3 00
To paid W. L. Bryan, for two lamps 1 10
" " my salary as Treasurer 5 95 $550 40
By balance in Treasurer's hands $ 61 55
Boone, N. C, Oct. 14. 18S6. W. C. COFFEY. Treasurer.
ASHEVILLE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
SECRETARY'S REPORT.
Ashevillb, N. C, July 27th, 1885.
Hon. S. M. Finger, State Superintendent Public Instruction
:
The Managers of the Asheville State Normal School are much gratified at
the success of the first session of this school, which began July 1st and closed
July 24th, inst.
The teachers, viz. : Profs. W. T. White, B. E. Atkins and Chas. L. Wilson
and Misses Oiivia Millard and Mary Goodioe, were efficient, prompt and ac-tive.
The students took great interest, and we believe were much benefited.
The Secretary did not enroll any person except those who took part in the
active business of the school. Enrolled bona fide members, 205.
Two lessons per day in Calisthenics, [i. e.) one for ladies and one for gen-tlemen.
Miss Millard is certainly a success in her department.
Miss Mary Goodioe was teacher of Model Class, English Grammar and
Reading. Gave one lesson per day to Primary Class, two per week in Gram-mar,
and three per week in Reading. She showed a good and thorough
knowledge of all she was called upon to teach.
48 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Chas. L. Wilson was teacher of Vocal Music and Phonetics. Gave one les-son
per day in music, two per week in phonics. Prof. Wilson is a first-class
vocal teacher.
.
The teachers were all attentive to their business Miss Stella Millard gave
music for the Model Class and Calisthenics drill, in consideration of which
the trustees made her a present of $15. She deserved it.
Prof. White, of Knoxville, Tenn., was our Superintendent. He was teacher
of Physiology and Hygiene. He gave a lesson once every day, showing him-self
well acquainted with his subject.
Prof. B. E. Atkins, of Asheville Female College, was teacher of Mathemat-ics
and History. Gave three lessons per week in Mathematics, and two per
week in History. Prof. A.'s work was well done, especially in History it was
most excellent.
Miss Olivia Millard, of Goldsboro Graded School, was teacher of Geogra-phy,
Map-drawing and Calisthenics. Gave one lesson per day in Geography
and Drawing.
J. W. STARNES, Secretary.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
1885. Or. Dr.
July 30 By cash received State fund $500 00
" " " Peabodyfund 85 00
" Buncombe county fund 100 00
Total received $685 00
To paid W. T. White, Superintendent and
teacher Hygienic Physiology $133 70
To paid B. E. Atkins, teacher Mathematics and
History 75 00
To paid Miss Olivia Millard, teacher Geography,
Map-drawing and Calisthenics 75 00
To paid Miss Mary Goodloe, teacher Primary
Class, English Grammar and Reading 75 00
To paid Chas. L. Wilson, teacher Vocal Music
and Phonics 50 00
To paid Miss Stella Millard, pianist for Calis-thenic
drill 15 00
To paid Furman, Stone & Cameron, printing 13 75
" " Southern Express Company 4 50
" " J. N. Morgan & Co., general stationery
supplies 6 20
To paid Dr. D. T. Millard, expenses while on
business for the Board 25 00
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 49
To paid music books from C. L. Wilson 10 00
" " sexton... . 14 56
" " Geo. T. Winston, two lectures . 27 50
" " R. Bingham, one lecture 17 50
" " postage, $14.00; telegrams, $7.00; oil,
&c, $3.20 24 20
To paid Secretary 100 00 $666 91
By balance in Treasurer's hands $ 18 09
' JNO. W. STARNES, Secretary.
H. A. GUDGER,
I). T. Millard,
T. I. Van Gilder, Trustees.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF ASHEVILLE WHITE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1886.
H. A. Gudger, Chairman; J. W. Starnes, Secretary and Treasurer ; D. T.
Millard, T. I. Van Gilder.
Asheville, N. G, September 1, 1886.
Hon. S. M. Finger, Superintendent Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C.
:
Sir:—We have the honor to submit herewith reports of the Superintendent
and Treasurer, showing the operations of the Normal for 1886. We are glad
to say that the second session of our Normal was good ; we think better than
the first, and we hope that it may improve from year to year as long as it
exists. With respect,
H. A. GUDGER,
T. I. VAN GILDER,
D. T. MILLARD,
J. W. Starnes, Secretary. Board of Directors.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
, OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Asheville, Buncombe county, N. C, beginning the 6th day of July,
1886, and ending the 23d day of July, 1886.
officers and instructors, with subjects.
Edwin A. Alderman, Superintendent, Pedagogics, History and English,,
Ben. E. Atkins, Arithmetic and Physiology.
Miss Olivia Millard, Geography and Calisthenics.
Miss Maggie McDowell, Primary Instruction.
George D. Meares, Music.
Jno. W. Starnes, Secretary.
Miss Emily M. Coe, New York, Kindergarten.
50 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Maj. Sidney M. Finger, Education and Labor.
Edwin A. Alderman, Teaching History.
Edward Shippen, Philadelphia, Educational Antiques.
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Number of males enrolled 74
Number of females enrolled 103
Total attendance enrolled 177
Average daily attendance 145
Number of Faculty 7
Number of pupils in Primary Class 15
Number of males who are teachers 65
Number of females who are teachers „. 85
Number special lectures 3
Duration of school term, days..... 14
Number of days for Normal work 14
The Asheville Normal School was marked by earnestness and faithfulness
upon the part of the pupils in attendance. Their interest and labor was
unabated until the close.
The Secretary informs me that his enrollment might have been much larger
had he chosen to take the names of many visitors who came purely as specta-tors.
It will be seen that a large percentage of the enrollment consisted of
bona fide teachers.
This was the second session of the school. It is hoped that its power for
good may be increased as time and experience adds to the efficiency and power
of its officers and instructors.
E. A. ALDERMAN,
Superintendent.
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Buncombe 127
Burke , 1
Cumberland 1
Chatham 1
Duplin 1
Durham 2
Guilford 1
Haywood 8
Henderson 2
Hertford 1
Jackson ... 2
Lincoln 1
Madison 5
Martin 1
McDowell 3
Mitchell 1
Totai attendance of Teachers. 150
EDWIN A. ALDERMAN, Superintendent.
Pasquotank 1
Rutherford 2
Transylvania 3
Vance .'.,,.
Wayne
Wake
From other States
:
Texas
Georgia
Tennessee
Mississippi
Florida
Virginia
New York 2
South Carolina 1
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 51
TREASURER'S REPORT.
1886. Dr. Cb.
By Auditor's warrant, No. 69, State apportion-ment
$500 00
By check State National Bank, No. 32, Peabody
Fund 95 00
By amount from Buncombe county 100 00
To amount paid Superintendent Normal (E. A.
Alderman) $150 00
To amount paid Prof. Ben. E. Atkins 75 00
" " " Miss Olivia Millard 75 00
" " Miss Maggie McDowell 75 00
" " " Prof. Geo. D. Meares 75 00
" " " MissE. M. Coe (Kindergarten) 20 00
" Jno. W. Starnes, Secretary and
Treasurer 100 00
To amount paid tuning and use of piano 14 50
" Janitor - 9 00
" Furraan, Stone & Cameron (job
printing) 13 75
To amount paid Express agent, music books and
express charges 17 40
To amount paid J. N. Morgan & Co. (book
dealers) 12 00
To amount paid Carter & Davis (job printing) 2 25
" " " postage, etc 21 80
$660 70
$695 00
660 70
$ 34 30
Balance on hand (this year)........... 34 30
Balance on hand from last year 17 00
Total balance on hand now $ 51 30
Left in Bank of Asheville.
JNO. W. STARNES, Secretary and Treasurer.
WASHINGTON STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1885.
Washington, N. C, September 15, 1885.
Son. S. M. Finger, Superintendent Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C.
:
Sir:—I have the honor to transmit to you the following report of the ses-sion
of the Washington Normal School for 1885:
52 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
The session began June 29th and continued four weeks.
The following were the faculty:
Prof. E. W. Kennedy, Superintendent.
" Alex. Graham, Physiology and History.
" Jas. Y. Joyner, Arithmetic and Reading.
" Jed. Hotchkiss, Geography and Lecturer.
" J. C. Meares, Music.
Capt. W. G. Goodhue, U. S. C. E., Drawing.
Miss Bessie Fanning, Model Class.
Lectures were delivered by J. D. Murphy, Esq., of Greenville, N. C. ; Prof.
Edmund Alexander, of Plymouth, N. C. ; Maj. Robert Bingham, of Bingham
School ; Maj. S. M. Finger, State Superintendent, and Maj. Jed. Hotchkiss, of
Virginia.
The Superintendent did not make a report to the Directors.
From the report of the enrolling officer, it appears as follows:
Male pupils enrolled 75
Female pupils enrolled 125
Total 200
Average daily attendance 150
Counties represented 13
Average age of males 25f
" " " females 20
General average age 21J7 9
Actual teachers enrolled , 100
COUNTIES REPRESENTED.
eaufort, Craven, Edgecombe, Lenoir,
amlico, Tyrrell, Wake, Cumberland,
'urharn, Hyde, Martin,
Washington.
• Pitt.
The sessions of the school were very largely attended by the citizens of the
town and the surrounding country, and the interest manifested by so large a
number from day to day, through the entire term, showed that the opportunity
of improvement afforded was duly appreciated.
The school is said, by those qualified to judge, to have compared quite
favorably with any heretofore held in the State. Its effects are quite apparent.
Respectfully, EDMUND S. HOYT, Secretary.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
1885. Dr. Cr.
July 4, By State appropriation $500
" 7, " County of Beaufort 150
" 11,
u Peabody Fund 75
" 13, " County Board of Education 40
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 53
To postage $ 1 54
" stationery and text-books 3 28
" advertising 5 50
" printing posters and programmes 4 00
" wall maps 10 00
" black boards and frames 8 40
" rent of piano 12 00
" moving piano to and from hall 5 50
" telegrams 4 95
" express and freight on books received from
and returned to publishers 4 00
" Janitor, ice and cartage 4 90
" Prof. Kennedy 166 66
" Prof. Graham 115 00
" Prof. Joyner 95 00
" Prof. Meares 75 00
" Miss Fanning 60 00
" expenses Mr. Hooper.. , , 5 00
" Prof. Hotchkiss 95 00
" Secretary 35 00
" balance 54 27
$765 00 $765 00
By balance $54 27
EDMUND S. HOYT, Treasurer.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS WASHINGTON WHITE NORMAL SCHOOL, 188G.
R. W. Wharton, Chairman; E. S. Hoyt, Secretary and Treasurer; C. F. War-ren,
D. W. Jarvis, W. A. Branch.
Washington, N. C, August 28, 1886.
Maj. S. M. Finger, Superintendent Public Instruction
:
Dear Sir :—Please find enclosed Superintendent's report and Treasurer's
account for the 1886 session of the State Normal School at Washington. One
teacher and one lecturer failed to attend, and, in consequence, there is a bal-ance
of unexpended funds, which would have been used had all the expected
workers been present.
The session just ended has been productive of much good. As you will
notice from the report of the Secretary, the attendance, especially of teachers,
was very large. The interest of the exercises did not flag during the entire
session.
54 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
The report of the Superintendent shows the amount and the variety of the
work done.
Wishing the enclosures safe to hand, and hoping that all will be satisfac-tory,
I remain, Yours truly,
EDMUND S. HOYT, Secretary Board Directors.
KEPOKT OF SUPEKINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Washington, beginning 12th day of July, 1886, and ending 6th day
of August, 1886.
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Prof. Alexander Graham, Fayetteville Graded School, Superintendent^
Mental Arithmetic and Physiology.
Prof. Collier Cobb, Wilson, Secretary, Geography, Geology and Physics.
Prof. Jas. H. Rayhill, Jacksonville, 111., Reading and Calisthenics.
Dr. A. N. Raub, Newark, Del., English Grammar and Pedagogics.
Prof. J. C. Meares, Raleigh, Vocal Music.
Prof. S. D. Ragley, Jamesville, History.
Mr. H. A. Latham, Washington, Written Arithmetic.
Prof. Nelson B. Henry, Chapel Hill, Methods of Teaching.
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Capt. John Duckett, Greenville, subject "Common Schools a Necessity."
Ex-Superintendent Scarborough, Selma, subject " Means of Developing
North Carolina."
Prof. N. B. Henry, Chapel Hill, subject "Objections to Common Schools
considered."
Prof. James H. Rayhill, Jacksonville, 111., subject "Public Reading."
Prof. Collier Cobb, Wilson, subjects "Geography of North Carolina;" "The
Nationalities of the People of North Carolina as shown in their peculiarities
of Speech ;" " Geology for Common Schools ;" and "North Carolina Rivers."
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Number males enrolled 251
Number of females enrolled 204
Total attendance enrolled 455
Average daily attendance , 235
Number of Faculty 8
Number of pupils in Calisthenic class 32
Number of males who are teachers 39
Number of females who are teachers 103
Number Special Lectures 8
Duration of school term, days 27
Number of days for Normal work 20
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 55
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Edgecombe .- 9
Martin 3
Washington 4
Tyrrell 2
Pitt 25
Beaufort 381
Hyde 7
Durham 1
Joh nston 2
Craven 3
Pamlico 1
Cumberland 1
Wilson 1
Perquimans 1
Total attendance of teachers , , , 142
Total attendance of visitors and faculty 463
Col. M. W. Wharton, Chairman of the Board of Managers of the Washington
State Normal School:
Dear Sir:—Your Superintendent begs leave to make the following report
of the work of the Washington State Normal School. The session commenced
July 12th and closed August 6th, 1886.
The above report contains full statistics showing the number of members in
the Faculty and the number of teacher-pupils. The department of " Written
Arithmetic" was in charge of Mr. H. A. Latham, of Washington, N. C.
Methods of teaching this branch were given in short and spirited lectures
daily. Methods were taught also in the solution of numerous problems on
the blackboard. Very great interest was manifested in this work by most of
the teachers.
James H. Rayhill, formerly of England, now of Jacksonville, 111., had
charge of the department of Elocution, Reading and Calisthenics. His expo-sition
of the Delsartean system of expression was natural, scientific and
effective. His denunciation of the clap-trap style of Elocution was such as to
meet the hearty endorsement of all. He was justly severe on the acting im-personation
style which is practiced by so many public readers, showing
clearly that it evinced a wrong idea of the true field of the elocutionist, and,
instead of being artistic, was the result of a perverted taste and lack of gen-uine
culture. His talks on expression by voice and gesture were of that order
which would benefit teachers and pupils. His lessons on reading showed
clearly that he had studied the wants of the common school teacher as well
as those of the college professor. The principles, as presented by him, gov-erning
Emphasis, Simile, Metaphor, Parenthesis, Grouping, etc., were a reve-lation
to all and very heartily endorsed by all. The system of Calisthenics was
of that character which could be used in the ordinary school-room, and the
vigorous insistence of proper position was such as to inspire the teachers to
pay more regard to the physical development.
The subjects Mental Arithmetic and Physiology were taught by the Super-intendent.
The department of Grammar, Spelling and Pedagogics, during the first and
second weeks, was in charge of Dr. A. N. Raub, formerly Superintendent of
56 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
the Central State Normal School, Pennsylvania, now of Newark, Del. He
claimed and proved that his system of diagram niing or written grammatical
analysis was not only the simplest, but also the most readily learned. He did
not claim that diagramming will teach how to analyze. He showed that its
objects are rather to save labor, economize time and afford the teacher an oppor-tunity
of seeing, at a glance, whether the learner comprehends the relations
of the various parts of a sentence to one another. He gave the school a nice
drill on spelling. His talks on "school requisites," school organization,
methods, work, ethics and school management were listened to attentively by
both teachers and visitors. His absence during the third and fourth weeks
was regretted by everybody.
Music was taught by Prof. J. C. Meares, of Kaleigh, N. C. This branch of
instruction in the Washington Normal was not only an attractive feature, but
was studied as a science. The teachers seemed to be anxious to understand the
art of teaching music. The Normal and Concert classes were well attended,
and the teachers manifested an interest which speaks well for this portion of
the State. We believe that the proper teaching of music in our Normal
Schools is o e of the most effective means of introducing music into the public
schools. Considerable progress has been made in this direction.
The department of History was in charge of Prof. S. D. Bagley, of James-ville,
N. C. The history of the world was taught by dates and periods, from
the earliest ages to the present time. Prof. Bagley gave a minute account of
the discovery of America; also quite an interesting account of the life of Sir
Walter Raleigh.
Prof. Collier Cobb, Superintendent of the Wilson Graded Schools, taught
Geography and Physics, and in addition to this, lectured during the last week
one hour daily upon North Carolina. The work in Geography consisted of a
study of plants and rocks found around Washington, development of defini-tions
by means of the moulding board, the moulding of a continent in putty,
and map-drawing.
His work in Physics was done with a simplicity, clearness and aptness of
illustration which evinced a thorough knowledge of the subject, delighted his
audience, and charmed the children, who were out in great numbers and who
made their own observations upon experiments, and drew their own conclu-sions
under the skillful guidance of the instructor. During the session he
delivered two lectures upon the "Theory of Design/' in which he completely
captivated his hearers, while impressing upon them the importance of the
character of ornamentation about our dwellings and schools. Prof. Cobb's
lectures on North Carolina were, without dnubt, the best work done in the
Washington Normal School. To be fully appreciated they must be heard
from the lips of the author, who has visited every portion of the State.
Daily drills in Phonics and Word Analysis were given by Prof. James H.
Rayhill.
Prof. N. B. Henry, Professor of Pedagogics and Elocution at the University
of North Carolina, succeeded Dr. Raub in the department of Grammar and
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 57
the Science and Art of Teaching. He gave an object lesson in Botany, also
showing how to change an object lesson into a language lesson. He discussed
Grammatical analysis in several lectures, and school punishments in one lec-ture.
He placed a child's composition on the board and explained to the class
how to correct the same. Under the head of Pedagogics he also discussed in
several talks mental temperament, showing the peculiar " differentia" of the
• bilious, sanguine and lymphatic temperaments.
In the evening we had one lecture from Prof. John Duckett, of Greenville
High School. His subject, " Public Schools, a. Necessity." Prof. Henry gave
a lecture entitled "Objections to Common Schools Answered." Hon. John
C. Scarborough, ex-Superintendent of Public Instruction, delivered one lecture
on "The Proper Development of North Carolina." Prof. Rayhill gave a
free public reading in the town hall. The Normal closed on Friday night,
August 6th, with a successful musical concert interspersed with recitations by
Prof. Rayhill and his pupils. Club swinging by two large sections of very
small boys and girls was also a feature of the closing exercises. Professors
Rayhill and Meares certainly had reason to be proud of the success achieved
by their pupils.
In conclusion, allow me to extend to the local board of managers the thanks
of your Superintendent and his co-workers for heart}7 support and words of
encouragement at all times.
All of which is respectfully submitted,
ALEXANDER GRAHAM, Superintendent.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
E. S. Hoyt, Treasurer State Normal School at Washington, N. C.
1885. Dr. Cr.
Sept. 8 To balance , $ 54 27
1886.
June 16 To State appropriation 500 00
To Peabody appropriation 95 00
July 29 To County appropriation 200 00
1886.
Voucher 1 By postage, telegrams, express, cartage, station-ery,
cleaning court house $ 9 22
2 By paid for water cooler '. 2 00
3 " E. M. Short, lumber.... 52
4 " D. Foot, carpenter 185
5 " Washingtou Gazette 6 50
6 " Rent of organ 4 00
7
" Tuning piano 2 50
8 "
J. K. Hatton, board Prof. Henry 5 00
9 "
Prof. A. Graham 150 00
58 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
10 By Prof. A. N. Kaub $100 00
11 " Prof. J. H. Rayhill 90 00
12 " Prof. Collier Cobb... 75 00
13 " Prof. Collier Cobb, registrar , 10 00
14 " Prof. H. A. Latham 60 00
15 " Prof. J. C. Meares 75 00
16 " Prof. S. D. Bagley 63 75
17 " E. S. Hoyt, Secretary and Treasurer 50 00
18 " Mary Brown, Janitor 3 00
" balance 140 93
$ 849 27 $849 27
Aug. 29 To balance 140 93
LIST OF PROPERTY ON HAND AUGUST 29.
One set wall maps, 1 moulding table, 2 blackboards, 2 erasers, 1 bucket, 1
dipper, 1 water cooler, 1 broom, 1 suspension frame.
WILSON STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1885.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
Josephus Daniels, Esq., Secretary of Board':
My Dear Sir :—I herewith submit a report of the Wilson State Normal
for the session beginning June 29 and closing July 17, 1885.
E. C. BRANSON, Superintendent.
DEPARTMENTS.
1. Methodology.—Prof. A. P. Southwick, Ellicott City, Maryland; Prof. E.
C. Branson, Wilson, N. C.
2. Geography and Map-drawing.—Prof. P. P. Claxton, formerly Kinston, N.
C. ; Prof. Collier Cobb, Wilson, N. C.
3. History and Literature.—Dr. Henry E. Shepherd, Charleston, S. C.
;
Prof. E. C. Branson.
4. Beading.—Prof. P.T\ Claxton.
5. Penmanship, Phonics, Methods in Orthography, &c.—Prof. A. P. Southwick ;
Prof. E. C. Branson.
6. English.—Prof. Price Thomas, New Bern, N. C.
7. Drawing, Designing, &c.—Prof. Collier Cobb, Wilson, N. C.
8. Mathematics.—Prof. Price Thomas.
9. Physiology.—Prof. A. P. Southwick.
10. School Music—Miss Lily Gay, Wilson, N. C.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 59
11. Model Primary.—Mrs. E. W. Adams, Wilson, N. C.
12. Calisthenics.—Miss Janie E. Ward, Kaleigh, N. C.
13. Elocution.—Prof. W. A. Putnam, N. Y.
14. School Organization, Discipline, &c—Professors South wick, Branson,
Thomas, Claxton.
LECTURERS AND SUBJECTS.
Hon. S. M. Finger, Education in North Carolina.
Dr. Solomon Pool, Culture, A Triple Inscription, the Rainbow Thrice
Translated, American Education.
Dr. Henry E. Shepherd, A Review of Green, the Historian, and others of
a series of lectures on English Literature.
Prof. George T. Winston, The Buried Cities of Italy, How to Teach Latin.
Maj. Robt. Bingham, The New South, Geography.
Prof. P. P. Claxton, The Sciences in Education.
Prof. Ed. A. Alderman, North Carolina One Hundred Years Ago.
Rev. B. S. Bronson, Neglected Studies in North Carolina.
STATISTICS.
School term, days 21
Days taught 17
Number instructors 10
Number students 310
Number males. , 128
Number females 182
Number children in Model Primary. 30
Number teachers 201
Number preparing to teach 40
Number counties represented 28
Number of States represented 8
Total number in attendance 340
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Josephus Daniels, Treasurer, in account with Wilson State Normal School.
1885. Cr. Dr.
To amount from State $500 00
To amount Wilson county 100 00
To amount Peabody Fund 100 00
To amount concert 65 00
$765 00
By amount paid A. P. Southwick $100 00
By amount paid P. P. Claxton , 85 00
By amount paid printing 10 25
60 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
By amount paid postage $ 8 75
By amount paid stationery. 1 25
By amount paid piano rent 3 00
By amount paid moving pianos 12 00
By amount paid moving seats 8 00
By amount paid C. Cobb 25 00
By amount paid H. E. Shepherd.. 50 00
By amount paid P. Thomas, 75 00
By amount paid Mrs. E. W. Adams 40 00
By amount paid Miss J. E. Ward 35 00
By amount paid hall rent 5 00
By amount paid Railroad fare—E.C.Branson 5 75
By amount paid lights 1 25
By amount paid telegraphing.. 4 25
By amount paid moulding and peg boards 7 50
By amount paid Expressage 2 50
By amount paid A. W. Putnam 100 00
By amount paid Dr. L. Pool 44 50
By amount paid G. T. Winston 15 50
By amount paid Maj. R. Bingham 15 00
By amount paid E. A. Alderman 8 00
By amount paid Ira McGown 15 00
By amount paid E. C. Branson 85 50
1765 00
I certify the above to be a correct statement of the receipts and expendi-tures
of the Wilson Normal School for the session of 1885.
JOSEPHUS DANIELS,
Secretary and Treasurer Board of Managers.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WILSON WHITE NORMAL SCHOOL, 188G.
Dr. R. W. King, Chairman.
C. C. Daniels, Secretary and Treasurer.
Hon. II . G. Connor.
G. W. Blount.
J no. E. Woodard.
J. T. Tynes.
Jacob Battle, Rocky Mount.
T. J. Hadiey.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Wilson, N. C, beginning 22d day of June, 1886, and ending 9th
day of July, 1886.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 61
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Sylvester Hassell, A. M., Superintendent.
Henry E. Shepherd, M. A., LL. D., History and English Language and
Literature.
Charles H. Winston, M. A., LL. D., Didactics, English Grammar and Ele-mentary
Physics, Chemistry and Astronomy.
Alexander Graham, A. M., Physiology and Mental Arithmetic.
Collier Cobb, Geography, Map-drawing, Elementary Geology and Miner-alogy.
Edward E. Britton, A. M., Arithmetic and Pedagogics.
James H. Rayhill, Reading, Elocution and Calisthenics.
Miss E. H. Bartine, Teacher of Art.
Silas E. Warren, Secretary.
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Prof. Hassell delivered three lectures. Subjects: "The Spiritual Ministry
of Nature," " Harmony of Science and Scripture," and "The Divine Charac-ter
of Christianity."
Prof. Winston delivered three general lectures on the following subjects
:
" Old King Coal and his Family," "Travels in Europe," illustrated by the
Oxy-Calcium Stereopticon, and "Astronomy," similarly illustrated.
Prof. Shepherd delivered four general lectures. Subjects : " Westminster
Abbeyr
" "St. Paul's Cathedral," "Tower of London," and "Shakespeare
Land."
Prof. Rayhill gave three public readings.
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Number of males enrolled .' 74
Number of females enrolled 161
Total attendance enrolled 235
Average, daily attendance 116
Number of Faculty 8
Number of pupils in Primary Class 31
Number of males who are teachers , 26
Number of females who are teachers 56
Number of special lectures.... 12
Duration of school term, days 18
Number of days for Normal work 14
62 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Cleveland ...
Davidson....
Duplin
Edgecombe
.
1
1
1
7
Greene 1
Halifax 4
Martin 3
*Nash 2
New Hanover..... 1
Onslow 2
Total attendance of teachers
Pender..
Pitt
Robeson.
Sampson
Vance 1
Wake 1
Wayne 1
Wilson 44
State of Virginia.
82
SYLVESTER HASSELL,
Superintendent.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Wilson State Normal School, Wilson, N. C, July 12, 1886.
Normal Funds to Sylvester Hassell, Superintendent,
1886. Dr. Cr.
June 21. By State appropriation $500 00
" Peabody Fund.. 95 00
July 9. To Prof. Charles IT. Winston. $150 00
Henry E. Shepherd 100 00
" Alexander Graham1
" 100 00 •
James H. Rayhill 87 00
Edward E. Britton 50 00
Collier Cobb 25 00
Silas E. Warren. 18 00
To Miss E. H. Bartine 45 00
" Mrs. D. G. Gillespie 20 00
12. By county appropriation 100 00
To amount received and receipted by self 100 00
$695 00 $695 00
ELIZABETH CITY NORMAL SCHOOL, 1885.
PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
To4he Hon. S. M. Finger, State Superintendent of Public Instruction:
I beg leave to submit the following report of the Elizabeth City State Nor-mal
School:
The school opened July 6th, and continued for a session of four weeks. One
hundred and forty-four names were enrolled in the Normal department and
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 63
twenty-five in the Primary class, making a total enrollment of one hundred
and sixty-nine names. Of this number sixty have had experience in teach-ing,
and twenty-five signified their intention to teach during the coming year.
Seven counties were represented, viz.: Washington, Tyrrell, Chowan, Per-quimans,
Pasquotank, Camden and Currituck.
FACULTY.
Prof. H. R. Sanford, of Middletown, N. Y., Instructor in English, Methods
and School Economy.
Prof. S. S. Neff, of Philadelphia, Pa., Instructor in Elocution.
Prof. Geo. A. Grimsley, of Kinston, N. C, Instructor in Arithmetic and
History.
Prof. Solomon Pool, of Winston, N. C, Instructor in Geography.
Mrs. M. E. Mahoney, of Green Cove Springs, Fla., Teacher of Primary
Methods.
S. L. Sheep, Instructor in Physiology and Hygiene.
LECTURES.
Prof. Solomon Pool (two lectures), subjects: "The Rainbow, Thrice Trans-lated,"
and " True Culture."
Prof. George T. Winston, subject: "A Day in Pompeii and Other Sights
in Europe."
Superintendent S. M. Finger, subject: "The Educational Problem of
North Carolina."
Rev. George W. Sanderlin, subject: " Hats Off to Teachers."
Prof. Neff, Public Readings.
Prof. H. R. Sanford (two lectures), subjects: "Education and Educators
for the Times," and "The Price Paid and Value Received."
The instruction given was of a highly practical nature, and it was the uni-versal
sentiment of the teachers that this session of the Normal gave them
methods which they could use in their school-rooms without overthrowing
all that they had done heretofore. This resulted from the conservatism of the
instructors in holding to what was good in old methods and rejecting only what
the teachers themselves acknowledged to be antiquated and unsuccessful, and
replacing what was thus rejected by new and approved methods. The lectures
were generally well attended. A much larger territory was represented by the
attendance than at any previous session—a very encouraging prospect for the
future—for where a few teachers attend from any particular section, experience
proves, there will be a much larger representation at the next session.
Respectfully yours,
S. L. SHEEP,
Superintendent.
64 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Frank Vaughan, Treasurer Elizabeth City Normal School, in account.
1885. Dr. Cr.
May 16. To draft S. M. Finger, State Superintendent, State
appropriation $500 00
July 9. To draft S. M. Finger, Peabody Fund 75 00
16. " cash Pasquotank county appropriation 100 00
By amount paid Exchange, $1.44; paid Economist, ,
$7.00 $ 8 44
By amount paid Carolinian, $5.00; Falcon, $5.00... 10 00
" Washington[Gazette, $2.50 ; Eden-ton
Mnquirer, $4.00 6 50
" amount paid Rev. S. Pool two lectures, $30.00;
globe, $28.68 58 68
24. " amount paid Rev. G. W. Sanderlin for lecture 10 00
" S. L. Sheep, $77.50; Economist,
$3.00 80 50
30. " amount paid Mrs. Mahoney, $90.00; G. A.
Grimsley, $70.00 160 00
" amount paid H. R. Sanford, $150.00; S. L.
Sheep, $100.00 250 00
" amount paid S. L. Sheep for circulars, $2.00;
cleaning house, $2.75 ; Prof. Winston's board
bill, $2.00 ; telegrams, $2.50 ; stationery and
stamps, $10.00 ; janitor, $5.00 ; broom and
crayons, 60 cts. ; call-bell, 80 cts. ; drayage and
expressage, $2.10 ; rent of organ, $3.00 ; labor,
$3.00 ; janitor in full, $3.00 ; ice, $1.25 38 00
Aug. 3. " board of H. R. Sanford 12 00
" balance 40 88
$675 00 $675 00
To balance in hand as above, $40.88.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF ELIZABETH CITY WHITE NORMAL
SCHOOL, 1886.
C. C. Pool, Chairman; S. L. Sheep, Secretary ; Frank Vaughan, Treasurer
;
W. J. Griffin, S. S. Fowler, W. W. Kennedy.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIREC-TORS
OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Elizabeth City, N. C, beginning 14th day of July, 1886, and end-jng
4th day of August, 1886.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 65
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS, WITH SUBJECTS.
S. L. Sheep, Reading and Physiology, Superintendent.
Prof. L. R. Mills, Arithmetic and Geography.
Prof. A. J. Davis, Methods of Teaching and Grammar.
Prof. George E. Little, Drawing.
Mrs. M. O. Humphrey, Primary Work and Penmanship.
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Dr. Solomon Pool, 1. An Ancient School-room; 2. History Divinely Fore-stalled.
Hon. J. C. Scarborough, Education.
Prof. L. R. Mills, The Races.
Dr. R. M. Saunders, The New Education.
Prof. Little, "Chalk Talk."
Prof. A. J. Davis, Alaska and its Wonders.
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Number of males enrolled 60
Number of females enrolled 80
Total attendance enrolled 140
Average daily attendance 70
Number of faculty 5
Number of pupils in Primary Class 25
Number of males who are teachers 40
Number of females who are teachers 50
Number special lectures 7
Duration of school term, days 22
Number of days for Normal work 16
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Chowan 6
Washington 2
Dare,.... 2
Virginia 3
juotank 40
Camden ,...,, 12
Currituck. 10
Gates 5
Perquimans 10
To the Hon. S. M. Finger, Superintendent of Public Instruction:
Dear Sir :—Our Normal School for 1886 was the most prosperous session
we have yet held. We had a greater number of teachers present, represent-ing
a much larger area of country than at any previous session. All of the
sessions were well attended by our citizens, and an increased interest was man-ifested
on the part of the teachers and those about to become teachers. The
general lec

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BIENNIAL REPORT £*• C
ClOft
Superintendent of Public Instruction
NORTH CAROLINA,
SCHOLASTIC YEARS 1885 AND 1886.
._- _- ~ - 1
RALEIGH:
P. M. Hale, State Printer and Binder.
1887.
1.
1
STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA,
Department of Public Instruction,
Raleigh, December 30th, 1886.
To His Excellency, Alfred M. Scales,
Governor of North Carolina
:
Sir :—In accordance with Section 2540 of The Code, I have
the honor to submit my report for the biennial term ending
November 30th, 1886.
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
S. M. FINGER,
Superintendent Public Instruction.
±456?*f^^y
INDEX.
PAGE.
General Remarks 1
Comparative Statistics for 1884, '85-'86. 3
Summary of Receipts for 1885 and 188(5 5
Summary of Disbursements for 1885 and 1880 6
Our Needs 6
Limitation of Taxation, Barksdale v. Commissioners of Sampson County 7
National Aid 8
Local Assessment Act, Puett v. Commissioners of Gaston County It
Graded School Acts, ^Riggsbee v. Town of Durham 9
County Superintendents and Commissions of Treasurers 10
Normal Schools and County Institutes 12
Need of Better Sentiment 11
Moral and Religious Training 16
School System 18
Close of Fiscal Year 18
Collecting Officers and Treasurers '20
Special Meeting of School Officers 20
Swamp Lands 20
Peabody Scholarships at Nashville, Tenn 21
Private Schools and Colleges 21
Duties away from the Office 22
Winston Normal School, 1885 23
" " 18SG 27
Newton " " 1885 29
1886 32
Franklin " " 1885 36
1886,..: 38
Boone Normal School, 1885 41
1886 44
Asheville " " 1885 47
1886 49
Washington" " 1885 .-, 51
1886 53
Wilson " ' 1885 58
1886 60
Elizabeth City Normal School, 1885 (52
" " " " 1886 G4
Fayetteville Colored Norma! School, 1885 67
1886 70
Plymouth " " " 1885 72
1886 75
New Berne " " " 1885 78
" " " " 1886 SI
Franklinton " " " 1885 83
" " " " 1886 85
VI Index.
PAGE.
Salisbury Colored Normal School, 1885 86
" " " " 188G 89
Graded Schools 91
Remarks of Superintendents of Graded Schools , 9-5
Remarks by County Superintendents , 100
Literary Charities, Oxford Orphan Asylum 103
Orphanage at Thomasville 104
Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind 104
State Appropriation for Normal Schools 106
Peabody Fund, Receipts and Disbursements 107
Table of Receipts by Counties, 1885 110
" " Disbursements by Counties, 1885 113
" Census of School Children, &c, 1885 116
" " Average Attendance, &c, 1885 119
" " Teachers Examined and Approved, 1885 123
" " Receipts by Counties, 1886.... 127
" " Disbursements by Counties, 1886 '. 130
" Census of Children, 1886 133
" " Number of Districts, &c, 1886 138
" " Teachers Examined and Approved, 1886 142
APPENDIX.
Circular to County Officers, June 17th, 1885 1
" " " Boards of Education, June 17th 1885 2
" " " " " " December 30th, 1885 3
List of Books Recommended 5
Circular to County Commissioners and Boards of Education 7
" Sheriffs 7
County Boards of Education 9
County Superintendents 11
JLrl # v_.. ... -,:,^'^i JL •
BIENNIAL REPORT
OF THE
SUPERINTENDENT OP PUBLIK INSTRUCTION,
SCHOLASTIC YEARS 1885 AND 1886.
Soon after the adjournment of the General Assembly in 1885,
the school law as amended was published in pamphlet form, with
explanatory notes, and sent to the county school officers. Cir-culars
(copies of which will be found in the appendix of this
report) were also sent out from time to time, and diligent efforts
have been made to have the law fairly executed.
To show progress made, I present a comparative summary of
statistics for the years 1884, 1885 and 1886.
The tables from which these statistics are gathered will be
found in their proper place in this report. In arriving at these
figures, in all cases in which the reports for either year were not
full, because of the failure of county superintendents and county
treasurers to report, I used the reports of the year next preced-ing.
In this way, while for a few counties there is not accuracy,
the approximation is so near to the truth that the figures can be
relied on.
It will be observed that there was an increase in the receipts
from ordinary taxation in 1885, amounting to ($51,693.38) fifty-one
thousand six hundred and ninety-three -^ dollars, and that
there was a corresponding increase in the average length of school
terms.
In 1886 there was also an increase in receipts over those of
1885, amounting to ($38,767.41) thirty-eight thousand seven
hundred and sixty-seven $$ dollars. This increase has been
2 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
attained without any increase of valuation of property and with-out
any increase in the rate of taxation. It is due in part to
special levies in some counties, and in part to the careful atten-tion
of county officers to the enforcement of the law.
It will be noticed also, that the census, enrollment, and aver-age
attendance increased very nearly in the same proportion.
Out of 530,127 children between the ages of six and twenty-one,
298,166 attended the public schools in 1885.
Out of 547,308 children between the ages of six and twenty-one,
305,598 attended the public schools in 1886.
Seventy-eight county superintendents reported the private
schools in their counties, of eight mouths' duration or more,
showing an enrollment of (25,110) twenty-five thousand one hun-dred
and ten. Estimating for the other eighteen counties that
made no reports, I conclude that there were about 30,000 pupils
in private schools last year. While some of these attended the
public schools for part of the year, the number of such was not
large. When we consider the fact that quite a large number of
small children within the school age do not go to school, and
that quite a large number of older ones drop out of school before
they reach the age of twenty-one, the fact appears that a very
large proportion of the children are getting at least some edu-cation.
One of the lamentable considerations is that so many of the
poorest people do not avail themselves of the facilities afforded
them. If influential men in the respective neighborhoods would
encourage such people, by advice and otherwise, many could be
induced to send their children to school. Both the Normal
School and Institute statistics show large attendance and imply,
what is the truth, that the teachers are improving. Our Normal
Schools and County Institutes and the Teachers' Assembly are
inspiring the teachers with a higher ideal, and are doing great
good.
While quite a number of school-houses have been built during
the two years, the figures show that the valuation of school prop-erty
is very small, and that the State is sadly deficient in this
item of prime importance.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 3
Id many of the counties most excellent boards of education
have been selected. Wherever this has been done, and they
have active superintendents to execute their commands, the school
interests have advanced. The names of the members of the
county boards of education and of the county superintendents
appear in the appendix to this report.
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS FOR THREE YEARS,
1884, 1885 AND 1886.
Receipts for the year ending November 30 1884, (not
$59,943.14 from State Fund),
Receipts for the year ending November 30, 1885,
Receipts for the year ending November 30, 1886,
Increase during the year 1885, .
Increase during the year 1886, .
Total increase in two years—1885 and 1886,
including
$580,311 06
631,904 38
670,671 79
$ 51,693 32
38,767 41
$ 90,460 73
Census for 1884. Census for 1885. Census for 1886.
'hites, . 321,561 Whites, . 330,890 Whites, . 338,059
jlored, . 193,843 Colored, . 199,237 Colored, . 209,249
Total white and colored for 1884,
Total white and colored for 1885,
Total white and colored for 1886,
Increase in one year, 1885—whites, 9,329—colored, 5,394,
Increase in one year, 1886—whites, 7,169—colored, 10,012,
515,404
530,127
547,308
14,723
17,181
Enrollment for 1 884. Enrollment for 1 885.
Whites, . 170,925 W7
hites, . 185,225
Colored, . 113,391 Colored, . 112,941
Total enrollment of whites and colored for 1884,
Total enrollment of whites and colored for 1885,
Total enrollment of whites and colored for 1886,
Increase in one year, 1885,
Increase in one year, 1886,
Increase of whites in 1885,
Decrease of colored in 1885,
Increase of whites in 1886,
Increase of colored in 1886,
Enrollment for 1886.
Whites, . 188,036
Colored, 117,562
284,316
298,166
305,598
13,850
6,432
14,300
450
2,811
3,621
Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Average attend-ance
for 1884.
White, . 106,316
Colored, . 66,679
Average attend-ance
for 1885.
White . 115,092
Colored, . 70,486
Total average attendance of whites and colored for 1884
Total average attendance of whites and colored for 1885,
Total average attendance of whites and colored for 1
Increase in one year, 1885, white and colored,
Increase in one year, 1886, white and colored,
Increase of whites in 1885,
Increase of colored in 1885,
Increase of whites in 1886,
Decrease of colored in 1886,
Average length of school terras in 1884,
Average length of school terras in 1885,
Average length of school terms in 1886,
Average ATTEND-ANCE
FOR 1886.
White, . 117,121
Colored, 68,585
?4, 172,995
35, . 185,578
36, . 185,706
12,583
128
8,776
3,807
2,029
1,901
White. Colored.
11| weeks. llf weeks.
12 weeks. llf weeks.
llf weeks. 12 weeks.^
Average salary per month in 1884,
Average salary per month in 1885,
Average salary per month in 1886,
Whites. Colored.
$24.16 $22.06
25.75 23.30
Males. Females. Males. Females.
$26.33 $23.77 $24.69 $20.36
Number of counties that held Institutes in 1884,
Number of counties that held Institutes in 1885,
Number of counties that held Institutes in 1886,
Number of whites that attended Institutes in 1884,
Number of whites that attended Institutes in 1885,
Number of whites that attended Institutes in 1886,
Number of colored that attended Institutes in 1884,
Number of colored that attended Institutes in 1885,
Number of colored that attended Institutes in 1886,
Total attendance, white and colored, in 1884,
Total attendance, white and colored, in 1885,
Total attendance, white and colored, in 1886,
Number of whites that attended Normal Schools in 1884,
Number of whites that attended Normal Schools in 1885,
fNumber of whites that attended Normal Schools in 1886,
Number of colored that attended Normal Schools in 1884,
Number of colored that attended Normal Schools in 1885,
Number of colored that attended Normal Schools in 1886,
31
36
980
1,33a
1,180
561
809
814
1,541
2,1-47
1,904
1,002
2,040
1,900
572
681
647
fEstimated as to one school.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886.
Value of Public School Property.
Total for whites reported in 1835,
Total for whites reported in 1886,
Total for colored reported in 18S5, .
Total for colored reported in 1886, .
Number of Public School-houses.
Total for whites reported in 1885,
Total for whites reported in 1886,
Total for colored reported in 1885, .
Total for colored reported in 1886, .
Number of Public Schools Taught.
Total for whites reported in 1885,
Total for whites reported in 1886, . .
Total for colored reported in 1885, .
Total for colored reported in 1886, . . . ~
$398,099 29
449,824 60
167,860 93
203,281 79
3,395
3,443
1,561
1,592
4,049
4,115
2,134
2,223
SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS FOR 1885 AND 1886.
Poll tax,
Property,
Special poll tax,
Special property tax,
Special poll tax under local acts,
Special property tax under local acts,
Fines, forfeitures and penalties,
Liquor licenses,
Auctioneers,
Estrays,
Other sources,
Receipts,
^Estimated receipts,
Total receipts for 1885, .
Total receipts for 1886, .
1885.
$235,616 51
252,404 92
10,108 59
23,899 68
555 22
6,662 77
17,997 95
59,278 53
116 65
27 34
8,433 80
$615,101 96
16,802 42
$631,904 38
1886.
$253,261 49
258,799 85
7,110 48
20,618 83
1,184 98
1 6,820 17
22,876 22
83,002 75
32 66
14 38
16,950 60
$670,672 41
*Chowan, Graham, Martin, Pender and Yancey counties made no returns for 1S85, or
incomplete ones. The receipts from them are estimated from former reports.
6 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
SUMMARY OF DISBURSEMENTS FOR 1885 AND 1886.
Tuition for whites,
Tuition for colored,
Houses and sites for whites,
Houses and sites for colored,
County Superintendents,
Institutes for whites,
Institutes for colored,
Treasurers' commissions,
Mileage and per diem Board of Education,
Fuel for Board of Education, stationery and
postage,
Other purposes,
*Estimated from counties not reporting,
Total expenditures for 1885,
Total expenditures for 1886,
Balance on hand December 1st, 1885, .
Balance on hand December 1st, 1886, . $205,267 98
1886. 1885.
$336,037 52 $317,142 90'
191,059 63 196,004 37
56,694 96 37,427 91
27,646 11 26,728 42
18,431 74 12,416 48
2,472 95 2,075 81
1,124 57 1,329 08
17,348 72 16,452 48
6,378 83 3,620 28
893 20 456 68
13,027 42 16,897 71
19,537 78
$650,089 90
671,115 65
$202,817 22
*Chowan, Martin, Graham, Pender and Yancey counties made no report for 1885, and
the expdnditures are estimated from last returns at $19,537.78.
OUR NEEDS.
1. Longer school terms, which will require more money.
2. Active and competent Superintendents in all the counties.
3. Permanent Normal Schools for the preparation of competent
teachers.
4. A better sentiment in favor of public education.
5. A determined effort, not alone at intellectual and practical
school-work, but also at moral training, and religious training as
well, so far as that can be done with propriety in the State
schools. » •
I trust it will be the pleasure of the General Assembly, as far
as they may be able, to meet these needs with appropriate legis-lation.
I may be allowed a word on each.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 7
Longer School Terms—Recent Decisions of the Supreme Court
on Limitation of Taxation, Local Assessment Act, and the
Graded School Acts—Nationcd Aid.
In the case of Barksdale v. Commissioners of Sampson County,
93 N. C. Reports, page 472, the Supreme Court decided that
County Commissioners, in the levy of taxes, cannot exceed the
limitation of 66f cents on the one hundred dollars valuation of
property, and $2.00 on the poll. That is to say, the General
Assembly having levied for State purposes, in the Revenue Law,
25 cents on property, and seventy-five cents on the poll, and for
schools, in the school law, 12J cents on property, and 37J cents
on the poll—making in all 37J cents on property, and 112i cents
on the poll, left to the county commissioners a possible levy for
county purposes of 29J cents on property, and 87J cents on the
poll. The Court says, "within the limits of the power to tax
given the commissioners, the schools must be kept up, and the
mandate is arrested when these limits are reached." That is to
say, the County Commissioners must levy tax to keep the school
open at least four months per annum, provided they do not
exceed 66f cents on property, and $2.00 on the poll, including
all levies by the Assembly, and excluding all levies under special
acts for special purposes. This is the law as now expounded by
the Court, Chief Justice Smith and Justice Ashe concurring in
the decision as above stated, and Justice Merrimon rendering a
dissenting opinion. See N. C. Reports, Vol. 93, page 477.
In a number of c- unities special taxes had been levied from
year to year, and the schools kept open in accordance with Art.
9, sec. 3, of the Constitution, and sec. 2590 of The Code. In
most, if not all of these cases, the limitation was exceeded, and
the decision of the Court made confusion- and did damage to the
schools.
The facts now are that in most counties, under the law as it
now stands, the schools cannot be kept open more than from two
to three months per annum if the Commissioners apply their
margin of taxation to other county purposes, as in most cases it
seems necessary to do.
8 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
As the Constitution requires four months at least, each mem-ber
of the Assembly must decide for himself how he will dis-charge
his obligations. The Assembly are not powerless in this
matter, but they can provide in the general school law a rate of
taxation which will keep the schools open four months or longer.
I trust that the Assembly will find it possible to reduce the
rate of taxation in the Revenue Law and apply the reduction to
schools. Tins will not disturb the present levies possible to be
made for county purposes by the commissioners. If the neces-sary
amount cannot all be raised in this way, perhaps the As-sembly,
in its wisdom, may find some other sources of school
revenue.
While an increase of the rate in the school law could be made
to provide an average of four months in the State, that would
not afford all the counties that length of term. Some would
have more and some less than four months, according to their
respective valuation of property and density of population.
There is no way to remedy this inequality other than to have
legislation that would distribute all or a part of the school money
direct from the State Treasury to the counties on a per capita
basis. Our system as it now stands contemplates that each county
shall furnish its own school funds. The State Board of Educa-tion
has essentially no funds to distribute to the counties other
than such as may be derived from the entry of public lands and
from the sale of swamp lands, from which the receipts are very
small. Under our statutes, our system is a county system. A
careful study of Art. 9 of our Constitution leads me toward
the conclusion that a State and a county system was intended.
A State fund is there provided as well as a county fund.
National Aid.
Money flows into the National Treasury far beyond the needs
of the government. It is distributed with lavish hand to pay
pensions, 7 75
" " " use of piano 5 00
" I. W. Thomas, Secretary 30 00
" for piano cover 40
" J. C. Scarborough, Snp't 125 00
" " John Duckett, instructor 90 00
"
J. F. Spainhour, "
" A.H. Eller,
" Maggie McDowell, "
" Annie Moore, "
" Lucy Jurney, "
" Grace Dewey, "
w " E. W. Hennessee, sexton 12 00
" for moving piano ,
" " use of reading chart
" candles
" " " use of books
" " stationery
" " postage stamps and postal
cards
To amount paid for school crayons
" " water bucket and dipper ,
" mv commissions as Treasurer
50 00
50 00
50 00
50 00
50 00
20 00
50
50
25
1 00
2 50
4 60
1 75
50
5 85
By balance in my hands,
December 29, 1885.
568 05
$ 16 95
W. C. COFFEY, Treasurer.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF BOONE WHITE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1886.
E. F. Lovill, Chairman ; Rev. I. W. Thomas, Secretary; W. C. Coffey,
Treasurer; D. B. Dougherty, W. B. Council, L. L. Greene, T. J. Coffey.
Boone, N. C, Oct. 15th, 1886.
Hon. S. M. Finger, Superintendent Public Instruction :
Dear Sir:—I herewith transmit the report of the Superintendent of the
State Normal School held at Boone, commencing July 26th and ending the
20th day of August. Also the report of the Treasurer, with vouchers cover-ing
all the expenditures, and showing a balance in his hands of $61.55. It
will be seen from the report of the Superintendent, Prof. G. W. Greene, that
there were in attendance 138 actual teachers, with a total attendance of 188.
The Superintendent and the efficient corps of instructors deserve and have the
thanks of all for the able and successful manner in which the school was con-
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 45
ducted and the zealous and conscientious manner in which they performed
their duties. It is to be regretted, however, that Prof. T. J. Mitchell, Super-intendent,
found it necessary to leave us about the middle of the term. It
would be impossible to estimate the great good this school has already accom-plished
in this mountain country. Its effects are s^en in every direction in
increased interest which is manifested in all matters that pertain to education.
New and better school-houses are being erected all over the country, and the
people are demanding better teachers than formerly, and in very many ways
we are able to see the great good that this school has accomplished in our
midst.
Very respectfu 1 i y >
E. F. LOVILL, Chairman.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIREC-TORS
OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Boone, N. C, beginning 26th day of July, 1886, ending 20th day
of August, 1886.
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS, WITH SUBJECTS.
T. J. Mitchell, Superintendent first two weeks, daily lectures on School
Organization and Methods of Teaching.
G. W. Greene, Superintendent last two weeks, daily lectures on Teaching
and Teachers, Instruction in English Grammar.
J. F. Spainhour, Instruction in Arithmetic and Orthography.
Miss Lucy Jurney, Instruction in Reading and Penmanship.
Miss Maggie McDowell, Instruction in History and Model Primary.
Miss Jean C. Gales, Instruction in Geography, Calisthenics and Elocution.
Miss Emma Council, Organist.
I. W. Thomas, Secretary.
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Prof. Geo. G. Groff, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa., one lecture on
How to be a Successful Teacher ; one lecture on The Human Body, illustrated
by life-size manikin ; one lecture on Alcohol, and two lectures on Food.
Prof. Wilford Canlkins, of Chattanooga, Tenn,, one lecture on "Jesus the
Man."
Prof. Quinn, of Newton, N. C, one lecture on An Educational Qualification
for Suffrage.
Prof. Spainhour, one lecture on the Indians, three lectures on School Gov-ernment.
46 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
STATISTICAL, STATEMENT.
Number of males enrolled 115
Number of females enrolled ....... 73
Total attendance enrolled 188
Average daily attendance 109
Number of faculty .• 6
Number of pupils in primary class 25
Number of males who are teachers 89
Number of females who are teachers 49
Number special lectures 11
Duration of school term, days , 20
Number of days for normal work 20
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Watauga ...72 j Surry ' 2
Mitchell 1 Wilkes 5
Ashe 10 Craven 1
Alleghany 7 Randolph 1
Caldwell 18 Also the following counties of
Iredell 9 Tennessee:
Madison 1 Johnson 2
McDowell 2 Murray 1
Buncombe 1 Sullman 1
Durham '. 1 Number of visitors 120
Burke 2 Grand total 333
Mecklenburg 1
Total attendance of teachers , 133
G. W. GREENE, Superintendent
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Boone State Normal School, In account with W. C. Coffey, Treasurer. •
1886. Dr. Cr.
June 11 By balance from last year * $ 16 95
" appropriation made by the State of N. C 500 00
" cash from Agent Peabody fund , 95 00
$611 95
To paid for stamps and stationery $ 7 75
" " " incidental expenses 4 90
" " Editor Lenoir Topic, for advertising
Boone Normal 2 50
To paid I. W. Thomas, Secretary 5 00
" " T. J. Coffey & Bro., for crayons 45
" " T. J. Mitchell, for circulars of Boone
Normal 3 75
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 47
Aug. 7 To paid G. G. Groff, for lecturing $ 35 00
20 " " Prof. G. W. Greene, teacher and Super-intendent
100 00
To paid Prof. J. F. Spainhour, teacher 100 00
" Miss Lucy Jurney, " 50 00
" " " Jean C. Gales, " 50 00
" " Maggie McDowell, " 50 00
21 " " " Emma Council, for instrumental
music 25 00
To paid I. W. Thomas, Secretary 35 00
Oct. 5 " " W. L. Bryan, board bill for G. G. Groff 3 00
21 " " E. W. Hennessee (col.), janitor 16 00
5 " " J. T. Mitchell, Superintendent, for half
term , 52 00
To paid T. J. Coffey & Bro., for two reflecting
lamps 3 00
To paid W. L. Bryan, for two lamps 1 10
" " my salary as Treasurer 5 95 $550 40
By balance in Treasurer's hands $ 61 55
Boone, N. C, Oct. 14. 18S6. W. C. COFFEY. Treasurer.
ASHEVILLE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL.
SECRETARY'S REPORT.
Ashevillb, N. C, July 27th, 1885.
Hon. S. M. Finger, State Superintendent Public Instruction
:
The Managers of the Asheville State Normal School are much gratified at
the success of the first session of this school, which began July 1st and closed
July 24th, inst.
The teachers, viz. : Profs. W. T. White, B. E. Atkins and Chas. L. Wilson
and Misses Oiivia Millard and Mary Goodioe, were efficient, prompt and ac-tive.
The students took great interest, and we believe were much benefited.
The Secretary did not enroll any person except those who took part in the
active business of the school. Enrolled bona fide members, 205.
Two lessons per day in Calisthenics, [i. e.) one for ladies and one for gen-tlemen.
Miss Millard is certainly a success in her department.
Miss Mary Goodioe was teacher of Model Class, English Grammar and
Reading. Gave one lesson per day to Primary Class, two per week in Gram-mar,
and three per week in Reading. She showed a good and thorough
knowledge of all she was called upon to teach.
48 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Chas. L. Wilson was teacher of Vocal Music and Phonetics. Gave one les-son
per day in music, two per week in phonics. Prof. Wilson is a first-class
vocal teacher.
.
The teachers were all attentive to their business Miss Stella Millard gave
music for the Model Class and Calisthenics drill, in consideration of which
the trustees made her a present of $15. She deserved it.
Prof. White, of Knoxville, Tenn., was our Superintendent. He was teacher
of Physiology and Hygiene. He gave a lesson once every day, showing him-self
well acquainted with his subject.
Prof. B. E. Atkins, of Asheville Female College, was teacher of Mathemat-ics
and History. Gave three lessons per week in Mathematics, and two per
week in History. Prof. A.'s work was well done, especially in History it was
most excellent.
Miss Olivia Millard, of Goldsboro Graded School, was teacher of Geogra-phy,
Map-drawing and Calisthenics. Gave one lesson per day in Geography
and Drawing.
J. W. STARNES, Secretary.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
1885. Or. Dr.
July 30 By cash received State fund $500 00
" " " Peabodyfund 85 00
" Buncombe county fund 100 00
Total received $685 00
To paid W. T. White, Superintendent and
teacher Hygienic Physiology $133 70
To paid B. E. Atkins, teacher Mathematics and
History 75 00
To paid Miss Olivia Millard, teacher Geography,
Map-drawing and Calisthenics 75 00
To paid Miss Mary Goodloe, teacher Primary
Class, English Grammar and Reading 75 00
To paid Chas. L. Wilson, teacher Vocal Music
and Phonics 50 00
To paid Miss Stella Millard, pianist for Calis-thenic
drill 15 00
To paid Furman, Stone & Cameron, printing 13 75
" " Southern Express Company 4 50
" " J. N. Morgan & Co., general stationery
supplies 6 20
To paid Dr. D. T. Millard, expenses while on
business for the Board 25 00
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 49
To paid music books from C. L. Wilson 10 00
" " sexton... . 14 56
" " Geo. T. Winston, two lectures . 27 50
" " R. Bingham, one lecture 17 50
" " postage, $14.00; telegrams, $7.00; oil,
&c, $3.20 24 20
To paid Secretary 100 00 $666 91
By balance in Treasurer's hands $ 18 09
' JNO. W. STARNES, Secretary.
H. A. GUDGER,
I). T. Millard,
T. I. Van Gilder, Trustees.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF ASHEVILLE WHITE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1886.
H. A. Gudger, Chairman; J. W. Starnes, Secretary and Treasurer ; D. T.
Millard, T. I. Van Gilder.
Asheville, N. G, September 1, 1886.
Hon. S. M. Finger, Superintendent Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C.
:
Sir:—We have the honor to submit herewith reports of the Superintendent
and Treasurer, showing the operations of the Normal for 1886. We are glad
to say that the second session of our Normal was good ; we think better than
the first, and we hope that it may improve from year to year as long as it
exists. With respect,
H. A. GUDGER,
T. I. VAN GILDER,
D. T. MILLARD,
J. W. Starnes, Secretary. Board of Directors.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
, OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Asheville, Buncombe county, N. C, beginning the 6th day of July,
1886, and ending the 23d day of July, 1886.
officers and instructors, with subjects.
Edwin A. Alderman, Superintendent, Pedagogics, History and English,,
Ben. E. Atkins, Arithmetic and Physiology.
Miss Olivia Millard, Geography and Calisthenics.
Miss Maggie McDowell, Primary Instruction.
George D. Meares, Music.
Jno. W. Starnes, Secretary.
Miss Emily M. Coe, New York, Kindergarten.
50 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Maj. Sidney M. Finger, Education and Labor.
Edwin A. Alderman, Teaching History.
Edward Shippen, Philadelphia, Educational Antiques.
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Number of males enrolled 74
Number of females enrolled 103
Total attendance enrolled 177
Average daily attendance 145
Number of Faculty 7
Number of pupils in Primary Class 15
Number of males who are teachers 65
Number of females who are teachers „. 85
Number special lectures 3
Duration of school term, days..... 14
Number of days for Normal work 14
The Asheville Normal School was marked by earnestness and faithfulness
upon the part of the pupils in attendance. Their interest and labor was
unabated until the close.
The Secretary informs me that his enrollment might have been much larger
had he chosen to take the names of many visitors who came purely as specta-tors.
It will be seen that a large percentage of the enrollment consisted of
bona fide teachers.
This was the second session of the school. It is hoped that its power for
good may be increased as time and experience adds to the efficiency and power
of its officers and instructors.
E. A. ALDERMAN,
Superintendent.
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Buncombe 127
Burke , 1
Cumberland 1
Chatham 1
Duplin 1
Durham 2
Guilford 1
Haywood 8
Henderson 2
Hertford 1
Jackson ... 2
Lincoln 1
Madison 5
Martin 1
McDowell 3
Mitchell 1
Totai attendance of Teachers. 150
EDWIN A. ALDERMAN, Superintendent.
Pasquotank 1
Rutherford 2
Transylvania 3
Vance .'.,,.
Wayne
Wake
From other States
:
Texas
Georgia
Tennessee
Mississippi
Florida
Virginia
New York 2
South Carolina 1
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 51
TREASURER'S REPORT.
1886. Dr. Cb.
By Auditor's warrant, No. 69, State apportion-ment
$500 00
By check State National Bank, No. 32, Peabody
Fund 95 00
By amount from Buncombe county 100 00
To amount paid Superintendent Normal (E. A.
Alderman) $150 00
To amount paid Prof. Ben. E. Atkins 75 00
" " " Miss Olivia Millard 75 00
" " Miss Maggie McDowell 75 00
" " " Prof. Geo. D. Meares 75 00
" " " MissE. M. Coe (Kindergarten) 20 00
" Jno. W. Starnes, Secretary and
Treasurer 100 00
To amount paid tuning and use of piano 14 50
" Janitor - 9 00
" Furraan, Stone & Cameron (job
printing) 13 75
To amount paid Express agent, music books and
express charges 17 40
To amount paid J. N. Morgan & Co. (book
dealers) 12 00
To amount paid Carter & Davis (job printing) 2 25
" " " postage, etc 21 80
$660 70
$695 00
660 70
$ 34 30
Balance on hand (this year)........... 34 30
Balance on hand from last year 17 00
Total balance on hand now $ 51 30
Left in Bank of Asheville.
JNO. W. STARNES, Secretary and Treasurer.
WASHINGTON STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1885.
Washington, N. C, September 15, 1885.
Son. S. M. Finger, Superintendent Public Instruction, Raleigh, N. C.
:
Sir:—I have the honor to transmit to you the following report of the ses-sion
of the Washington Normal School for 1885:
52 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
The session began June 29th and continued four weeks.
The following were the faculty:
Prof. E. W. Kennedy, Superintendent.
" Alex. Graham, Physiology and History.
" Jas. Y. Joyner, Arithmetic and Reading.
" Jed. Hotchkiss, Geography and Lecturer.
" J. C. Meares, Music.
Capt. W. G. Goodhue, U. S. C. E., Drawing.
Miss Bessie Fanning, Model Class.
Lectures were delivered by J. D. Murphy, Esq., of Greenville, N. C. ; Prof.
Edmund Alexander, of Plymouth, N. C. ; Maj. Robert Bingham, of Bingham
School ; Maj. S. M. Finger, State Superintendent, and Maj. Jed. Hotchkiss, of
Virginia.
The Superintendent did not make a report to the Directors.
From the report of the enrolling officer, it appears as follows:
Male pupils enrolled 75
Female pupils enrolled 125
Total 200
Average daily attendance 150
Counties represented 13
Average age of males 25f
" " " females 20
General average age 21J7 9
Actual teachers enrolled , 100
COUNTIES REPRESENTED.
eaufort, Craven, Edgecombe, Lenoir,
amlico, Tyrrell, Wake, Cumberland,
'urharn, Hyde, Martin,
Washington.
• Pitt.
The sessions of the school were very largely attended by the citizens of the
town and the surrounding country, and the interest manifested by so large a
number from day to day, through the entire term, showed that the opportunity
of improvement afforded was duly appreciated.
The school is said, by those qualified to judge, to have compared quite
favorably with any heretofore held in the State. Its effects are quite apparent.
Respectfully, EDMUND S. HOYT, Secretary.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
1885. Dr. Cr.
July 4, By State appropriation $500
" 7, " County of Beaufort 150
" 11,
u Peabody Fund 75
" 13, " County Board of Education 40
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 53
To postage $ 1 54
" stationery and text-books 3 28
" advertising 5 50
" printing posters and programmes 4 00
" wall maps 10 00
" black boards and frames 8 40
" rent of piano 12 00
" moving piano to and from hall 5 50
" telegrams 4 95
" express and freight on books received from
and returned to publishers 4 00
" Janitor, ice and cartage 4 90
" Prof. Kennedy 166 66
" Prof. Graham 115 00
" Prof. Joyner 95 00
" Prof. Meares 75 00
" Miss Fanning 60 00
" expenses Mr. Hooper.. , , 5 00
" Prof. Hotchkiss 95 00
" Secretary 35 00
" balance 54 27
$765 00 $765 00
By balance $54 27
EDMUND S. HOYT, Treasurer.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS WASHINGTON WHITE NORMAL SCHOOL, 188G.
R. W. Wharton, Chairman; E. S. Hoyt, Secretary and Treasurer; C. F. War-ren,
D. W. Jarvis, W. A. Branch.
Washington, N. C, August 28, 1886.
Maj. S. M. Finger, Superintendent Public Instruction
:
Dear Sir :—Please find enclosed Superintendent's report and Treasurer's
account for the 1886 session of the State Normal School at Washington. One
teacher and one lecturer failed to attend, and, in consequence, there is a bal-ance
of unexpended funds, which would have been used had all the expected
workers been present.
The session just ended has been productive of much good. As you will
notice from the report of the Secretary, the attendance, especially of teachers,
was very large. The interest of the exercises did not flag during the entire
session.
54 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
The report of the Superintendent shows the amount and the variety of the
work done.
Wishing the enclosures safe to hand, and hoping that all will be satisfac-tory,
I remain, Yours truly,
EDMUND S. HOYT, Secretary Board Directors.
KEPOKT OF SUPEKINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Washington, beginning 12th day of July, 1886, and ending 6th day
of August, 1886.
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Prof. Alexander Graham, Fayetteville Graded School, Superintendent^
Mental Arithmetic and Physiology.
Prof. Collier Cobb, Wilson, Secretary, Geography, Geology and Physics.
Prof. Jas. H. Rayhill, Jacksonville, 111., Reading and Calisthenics.
Dr. A. N. Raub, Newark, Del., English Grammar and Pedagogics.
Prof. J. C. Meares, Raleigh, Vocal Music.
Prof. S. D. Ragley, Jamesville, History.
Mr. H. A. Latham, Washington, Written Arithmetic.
Prof. Nelson B. Henry, Chapel Hill, Methods of Teaching.
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Capt. John Duckett, Greenville, subject "Common Schools a Necessity."
Ex-Superintendent Scarborough, Selma, subject " Means of Developing
North Carolina."
Prof. N. B. Henry, Chapel Hill, subject "Objections to Common Schools
considered."
Prof. James H. Rayhill, Jacksonville, 111., subject "Public Reading."
Prof. Collier Cobb, Wilson, subjects "Geography of North Carolina;" "The
Nationalities of the People of North Carolina as shown in their peculiarities
of Speech ;" " Geology for Common Schools ;" and "North Carolina Rivers."
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Number males enrolled 251
Number of females enrolled 204
Total attendance enrolled 455
Average daily attendance , 235
Number of Faculty 8
Number of pupils in Calisthenic class 32
Number of males who are teachers 39
Number of females who are teachers 103
Number Special Lectures 8
Duration of school term, days 27
Number of days for Normal work 20
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 55
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Edgecombe .- 9
Martin 3
Washington 4
Tyrrell 2
Pitt 25
Beaufort 381
Hyde 7
Durham 1
Joh nston 2
Craven 3
Pamlico 1
Cumberland 1
Wilson 1
Perquimans 1
Total attendance of teachers , , , 142
Total attendance of visitors and faculty 463
Col. M. W. Wharton, Chairman of the Board of Managers of the Washington
State Normal School:
Dear Sir:—Your Superintendent begs leave to make the following report
of the work of the Washington State Normal School. The session commenced
July 12th and closed August 6th, 1886.
The above report contains full statistics showing the number of members in
the Faculty and the number of teacher-pupils. The department of " Written
Arithmetic" was in charge of Mr. H. A. Latham, of Washington, N. C.
Methods of teaching this branch were given in short and spirited lectures
daily. Methods were taught also in the solution of numerous problems on
the blackboard. Very great interest was manifested in this work by most of
the teachers.
James H. Rayhill, formerly of England, now of Jacksonville, 111., had
charge of the department of Elocution, Reading and Calisthenics. His expo-sition
of the Delsartean system of expression was natural, scientific and
effective. His denunciation of the clap-trap style of Elocution was such as to
meet the hearty endorsement of all. He was justly severe on the acting im-personation
style which is practiced by so many public readers, showing
clearly that it evinced a wrong idea of the true field of the elocutionist, and,
instead of being artistic, was the result of a perverted taste and lack of gen-uine
culture. His talks on expression by voice and gesture were of that order
which would benefit teachers and pupils. His lessons on reading showed
clearly that he had studied the wants of the common school teacher as well
as those of the college professor. The principles, as presented by him, gov-erning
Emphasis, Simile, Metaphor, Parenthesis, Grouping, etc., were a reve-lation
to all and very heartily endorsed by all. The system of Calisthenics was
of that character which could be used in the ordinary school-room, and the
vigorous insistence of proper position was such as to inspire the teachers to
pay more regard to the physical development.
The subjects Mental Arithmetic and Physiology were taught by the Super-intendent.
The department of Grammar, Spelling and Pedagogics, during the first and
second weeks, was in charge of Dr. A. N. Raub, formerly Superintendent of
56 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
the Central State Normal School, Pennsylvania, now of Newark, Del. He
claimed and proved that his system of diagram niing or written grammatical
analysis was not only the simplest, but also the most readily learned. He did
not claim that diagramming will teach how to analyze. He showed that its
objects are rather to save labor, economize time and afford the teacher an oppor-tunity
of seeing, at a glance, whether the learner comprehends the relations
of the various parts of a sentence to one another. He gave the school a nice
drill on spelling. His talks on "school requisites," school organization,
methods, work, ethics and school management were listened to attentively by
both teachers and visitors. His absence during the third and fourth weeks
was regretted by everybody.
Music was taught by Prof. J. C. Meares, of Kaleigh, N. C. This branch of
instruction in the Washington Normal was not only an attractive feature, but
was studied as a science. The teachers seemed to be anxious to understand the
art of teaching music. The Normal and Concert classes were well attended,
and the teachers manifested an interest which speaks well for this portion of
the State. We believe that the proper teaching of music in our Normal
Schools is o e of the most effective means of introducing music into the public
schools. Considerable progress has been made in this direction.
The department of History was in charge of Prof. S. D. Bagley, of James-ville,
N. C. The history of the world was taught by dates and periods, from
the earliest ages to the present time. Prof. Bagley gave a minute account of
the discovery of America; also quite an interesting account of the life of Sir
Walter Raleigh.
Prof. Collier Cobb, Superintendent of the Wilson Graded Schools, taught
Geography and Physics, and in addition to this, lectured during the last week
one hour daily upon North Carolina. The work in Geography consisted of a
study of plants and rocks found around Washington, development of defini-tions
by means of the moulding board, the moulding of a continent in putty,
and map-drawing.
His work in Physics was done with a simplicity, clearness and aptness of
illustration which evinced a thorough knowledge of the subject, delighted his
audience, and charmed the children, who were out in great numbers and who
made their own observations upon experiments, and drew their own conclu-sions
under the skillful guidance of the instructor. During the session he
delivered two lectures upon the "Theory of Design/' in which he completely
captivated his hearers, while impressing upon them the importance of the
character of ornamentation about our dwellings and schools. Prof. Cobb's
lectures on North Carolina were, without dnubt, the best work done in the
Washington Normal School. To be fully appreciated they must be heard
from the lips of the author, who has visited every portion of the State.
Daily drills in Phonics and Word Analysis were given by Prof. James H.
Rayhill.
Prof. N. B. Henry, Professor of Pedagogics and Elocution at the University
of North Carolina, succeeded Dr. Raub in the department of Grammar and
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 57
the Science and Art of Teaching. He gave an object lesson in Botany, also
showing how to change an object lesson into a language lesson. He discussed
Grammatical analysis in several lectures, and school punishments in one lec-ture.
He placed a child's composition on the board and explained to the class
how to correct the same. Under the head of Pedagogics he also discussed in
several talks mental temperament, showing the peculiar " differentia" of the
• bilious, sanguine and lymphatic temperaments.
In the evening we had one lecture from Prof. John Duckett, of Greenville
High School. His subject, " Public Schools, a. Necessity." Prof. Henry gave
a lecture entitled "Objections to Common Schools Answered." Hon. John
C. Scarborough, ex-Superintendent of Public Instruction, delivered one lecture
on "The Proper Development of North Carolina." Prof. Rayhill gave a
free public reading in the town hall. The Normal closed on Friday night,
August 6th, with a successful musical concert interspersed with recitations by
Prof. Rayhill and his pupils. Club swinging by two large sections of very
small boys and girls was also a feature of the closing exercises. Professors
Rayhill and Meares certainly had reason to be proud of the success achieved
by their pupils.
In conclusion, allow me to extend to the local board of managers the thanks
of your Superintendent and his co-workers for heart}7 support and words of
encouragement at all times.
All of which is respectfully submitted,
ALEXANDER GRAHAM, Superintendent.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
E. S. Hoyt, Treasurer State Normal School at Washington, N. C.
1885. Dr. Cr.
Sept. 8 To balance , $ 54 27
1886.
June 16 To State appropriation 500 00
To Peabody appropriation 95 00
July 29 To County appropriation 200 00
1886.
Voucher 1 By postage, telegrams, express, cartage, station-ery,
cleaning court house $ 9 22
2 By paid for water cooler '. 2 00
3 " E. M. Short, lumber.... 52
4 " D. Foot, carpenter 185
5 " Washingtou Gazette 6 50
6 " Rent of organ 4 00
7
" Tuning piano 2 50
8 "
J. K. Hatton, board Prof. Henry 5 00
9 "
Prof. A. Graham 150 00
58 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
10 By Prof. A. N. Kaub $100 00
11 " Prof. J. H. Rayhill 90 00
12 " Prof. Collier Cobb... 75 00
13 " Prof. Collier Cobb, registrar , 10 00
14 " Prof. H. A. Latham 60 00
15 " Prof. J. C. Meares 75 00
16 " Prof. S. D. Bagley 63 75
17 " E. S. Hoyt, Secretary and Treasurer 50 00
18 " Mary Brown, Janitor 3 00
" balance 140 93
$ 849 27 $849 27
Aug. 29 To balance 140 93
LIST OF PROPERTY ON HAND AUGUST 29.
One set wall maps, 1 moulding table, 2 blackboards, 2 erasers, 1 bucket, 1
dipper, 1 water cooler, 1 broom, 1 suspension frame.
WILSON STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, 1885.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
Josephus Daniels, Esq., Secretary of Board':
My Dear Sir :—I herewith submit a report of the Wilson State Normal
for the session beginning June 29 and closing July 17, 1885.
E. C. BRANSON, Superintendent.
DEPARTMENTS.
1. Methodology.—Prof. A. P. Southwick, Ellicott City, Maryland; Prof. E.
C. Branson, Wilson, N. C.
2. Geography and Map-drawing.—Prof. P. P. Claxton, formerly Kinston, N.
C. ; Prof. Collier Cobb, Wilson, N. C.
3. History and Literature.—Dr. Henry E. Shepherd, Charleston, S. C.
;
Prof. E. C. Branson.
4. Beading.—Prof. P.T\ Claxton.
5. Penmanship, Phonics, Methods in Orthography, &c.—Prof. A. P. Southwick ;
Prof. E. C. Branson.
6. English.—Prof. Price Thomas, New Bern, N. C.
7. Drawing, Designing, &c.—Prof. Collier Cobb, Wilson, N. C.
8. Mathematics.—Prof. Price Thomas.
9. Physiology.—Prof. A. P. Southwick.
10. School Music—Miss Lily Gay, Wilson, N. C.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 59
11. Model Primary.—Mrs. E. W. Adams, Wilson, N. C.
12. Calisthenics.—Miss Janie E. Ward, Kaleigh, N. C.
13. Elocution.—Prof. W. A. Putnam, N. Y.
14. School Organization, Discipline, &c—Professors South wick, Branson,
Thomas, Claxton.
LECTURERS AND SUBJECTS.
Hon. S. M. Finger, Education in North Carolina.
Dr. Solomon Pool, Culture, A Triple Inscription, the Rainbow Thrice
Translated, American Education.
Dr. Henry E. Shepherd, A Review of Green, the Historian, and others of
a series of lectures on English Literature.
Prof. George T. Winston, The Buried Cities of Italy, How to Teach Latin.
Maj. Robt. Bingham, The New South, Geography.
Prof. P. P. Claxton, The Sciences in Education.
Prof. Ed. A. Alderman, North Carolina One Hundred Years Ago.
Rev. B. S. Bronson, Neglected Studies in North Carolina.
STATISTICS.
School term, days 21
Days taught 17
Number instructors 10
Number students 310
Number males. , 128
Number females 182
Number children in Model Primary. 30
Number teachers 201
Number preparing to teach 40
Number counties represented 28
Number of States represented 8
Total number in attendance 340
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Josephus Daniels, Treasurer, in account with Wilson State Normal School.
1885. Cr. Dr.
To amount from State $500 00
To amount Wilson county 100 00
To amount Peabody Fund 100 00
To amount concert 65 00
$765 00
By amount paid A. P. Southwick $100 00
By amount paid P. P. Claxton , 85 00
By amount paid printing 10 25
60 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
By amount paid postage $ 8 75
By amount paid stationery. 1 25
By amount paid piano rent 3 00
By amount paid moving pianos 12 00
By amount paid moving seats 8 00
By amount paid C. Cobb 25 00
By amount paid H. E. Shepherd.. 50 00
By amount paid P. Thomas, 75 00
By amount paid Mrs. E. W. Adams 40 00
By amount paid Miss J. E. Ward 35 00
By amount paid hall rent 5 00
By amount paid Railroad fare—E.C.Branson 5 75
By amount paid lights 1 25
By amount paid telegraphing.. 4 25
By amount paid moulding and peg boards 7 50
By amount paid Expressage 2 50
By amount paid A. W. Putnam 100 00
By amount paid Dr. L. Pool 44 50
By amount paid G. T. Winston 15 50
By amount paid Maj. R. Bingham 15 00
By amount paid E. A. Alderman 8 00
By amount paid Ira McGown 15 00
By amount paid E. C. Branson 85 50
1765 00
I certify the above to be a correct statement of the receipts and expendi-tures
of the Wilson Normal School for the session of 1885.
JOSEPHUS DANIELS,
Secretary and Treasurer Board of Managers.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF WILSON WHITE NORMAL SCHOOL, 188G.
Dr. R. W. King, Chairman.
C. C. Daniels, Secretary and Treasurer.
Hon. II . G. Connor.
G. W. Blount.
J no. E. Woodard.
J. T. Tynes.
Jacob Battle, Rocky Mount.
T. J. Hadiey.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Wilson, N. C, beginning 22d day of June, 1886, and ending 9th
day of July, 1886.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 61
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Sylvester Hassell, A. M., Superintendent.
Henry E. Shepherd, M. A., LL. D., History and English Language and
Literature.
Charles H. Winston, M. A., LL. D., Didactics, English Grammar and Ele-mentary
Physics, Chemistry and Astronomy.
Alexander Graham, A. M., Physiology and Mental Arithmetic.
Collier Cobb, Geography, Map-drawing, Elementary Geology and Miner-alogy.
Edward E. Britton, A. M., Arithmetic and Pedagogics.
James H. Rayhill, Reading, Elocution and Calisthenics.
Miss E. H. Bartine, Teacher of Art.
Silas E. Warren, Secretary.
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Prof. Hassell delivered three lectures. Subjects: "The Spiritual Ministry
of Nature," " Harmony of Science and Scripture," and "The Divine Charac-ter
of Christianity."
Prof. Winston delivered three general lectures on the following subjects
:
" Old King Coal and his Family," "Travels in Europe," illustrated by the
Oxy-Calcium Stereopticon, and "Astronomy," similarly illustrated.
Prof. Shepherd delivered four general lectures. Subjects : " Westminster
Abbeyr
" "St. Paul's Cathedral," "Tower of London," and "Shakespeare
Land."
Prof. Rayhill gave three public readings.
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Number of males enrolled .' 74
Number of females enrolled 161
Total attendance enrolled 235
Average, daily attendance 116
Number of Faculty 8
Number of pupils in Primary Class 31
Number of males who are teachers , 26
Number of females who are teachers 56
Number of special lectures.... 12
Duration of school term, days 18
Number of days for Normal work 14
62 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Cleveland ...
Davidson....
Duplin
Edgecombe
.
1
1
1
7
Greene 1
Halifax 4
Martin 3
*Nash 2
New Hanover..... 1
Onslow 2
Total attendance of teachers
Pender..
Pitt
Robeson.
Sampson
Vance 1
Wake 1
Wayne 1
Wilson 44
State of Virginia.
82
SYLVESTER HASSELL,
Superintendent.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Wilson State Normal School, Wilson, N. C, July 12, 1886.
Normal Funds to Sylvester Hassell, Superintendent,
1886. Dr. Cr.
June 21. By State appropriation $500 00
" Peabody Fund.. 95 00
July 9. To Prof. Charles IT. Winston. $150 00
Henry E. Shepherd 100 00
" Alexander Graham1
" 100 00 •
James H. Rayhill 87 00
Edward E. Britton 50 00
Collier Cobb 25 00
Silas E. Warren. 18 00
To Miss E. H. Bartine 45 00
" Mrs. D. G. Gillespie 20 00
12. By county appropriation 100 00
To amount received and receipted by self 100 00
$695 00 $695 00
ELIZABETH CITY NORMAL SCHOOL, 1885.
PRINCIPAL'S REPORT.
To4he Hon. S. M. Finger, State Superintendent of Public Instruction:
I beg leave to submit the following report of the Elizabeth City State Nor-mal
School:
The school opened July 6th, and continued for a session of four weeks. One
hundred and forty-four names were enrolled in the Normal department and
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 63
twenty-five in the Primary class, making a total enrollment of one hundred
and sixty-nine names. Of this number sixty have had experience in teach-ing,
and twenty-five signified their intention to teach during the coming year.
Seven counties were represented, viz.: Washington, Tyrrell, Chowan, Per-quimans,
Pasquotank, Camden and Currituck.
FACULTY.
Prof. H. R. Sanford, of Middletown, N. Y., Instructor in English, Methods
and School Economy.
Prof. S. S. Neff, of Philadelphia, Pa., Instructor in Elocution.
Prof. Geo. A. Grimsley, of Kinston, N. C, Instructor in Arithmetic and
History.
Prof. Solomon Pool, of Winston, N. C, Instructor in Geography.
Mrs. M. E. Mahoney, of Green Cove Springs, Fla., Teacher of Primary
Methods.
S. L. Sheep, Instructor in Physiology and Hygiene.
LECTURES.
Prof. Solomon Pool (two lectures), subjects: "The Rainbow, Thrice Trans-lated,"
and " True Culture."
Prof. George T. Winston, subject: "A Day in Pompeii and Other Sights
in Europe."
Superintendent S. M. Finger, subject: "The Educational Problem of
North Carolina."
Rev. George W. Sanderlin, subject: " Hats Off to Teachers."
Prof. Neff, Public Readings.
Prof. H. R. Sanford (two lectures), subjects: "Education and Educators
for the Times," and "The Price Paid and Value Received."
The instruction given was of a highly practical nature, and it was the uni-versal
sentiment of the teachers that this session of the Normal gave them
methods which they could use in their school-rooms without overthrowing
all that they had done heretofore. This resulted from the conservatism of the
instructors in holding to what was good in old methods and rejecting only what
the teachers themselves acknowledged to be antiquated and unsuccessful, and
replacing what was thus rejected by new and approved methods. The lectures
were generally well attended. A much larger territory was represented by the
attendance than at any previous session—a very encouraging prospect for the
future—for where a few teachers attend from any particular section, experience
proves, there will be a much larger representation at the next session.
Respectfully yours,
S. L. SHEEP,
Superintendent.
64 Report of Superintendent of Public Instruction
TREASURER'S REPORT.
Frank Vaughan, Treasurer Elizabeth City Normal School, in account.
1885. Dr. Cr.
May 16. To draft S. M. Finger, State Superintendent, State
appropriation $500 00
July 9. To draft S. M. Finger, Peabody Fund 75 00
16. " cash Pasquotank county appropriation 100 00
By amount paid Exchange, $1.44; paid Economist, ,
$7.00 $ 8 44
By amount paid Carolinian, $5.00; Falcon, $5.00... 10 00
" Washington[Gazette, $2.50 ; Eden-ton
Mnquirer, $4.00 6 50
" amount paid Rev. S. Pool two lectures, $30.00;
globe, $28.68 58 68
24. " amount paid Rev. G. W. Sanderlin for lecture 10 00
" S. L. Sheep, $77.50; Economist,
$3.00 80 50
30. " amount paid Mrs. Mahoney, $90.00; G. A.
Grimsley, $70.00 160 00
" amount paid H. R. Sanford, $150.00; S. L.
Sheep, $100.00 250 00
" amount paid S. L. Sheep for circulars, $2.00;
cleaning house, $2.75 ; Prof. Winston's board
bill, $2.00 ; telegrams, $2.50 ; stationery and
stamps, $10.00 ; janitor, $5.00 ; broom and
crayons, 60 cts. ; call-bell, 80 cts. ; drayage and
expressage, $2.10 ; rent of organ, $3.00 ; labor,
$3.00 ; janitor in full, $3.00 ; ice, $1.25 38 00
Aug. 3. " board of H. R. Sanford 12 00
" balance 40 88
$675 00 $675 00
To balance in hand as above, $40.88.
LOCAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF ELIZABETH CITY WHITE NORMAL
SCHOOL, 1886.
C. C. Pool, Chairman; S. L. Sheep, Secretary ; Frank Vaughan, Treasurer
;
W. J. Griffin, S. S. Fowler, W. W. Kennedy.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT TO THE BOARD OF DIREC-TORS
OF NORMAL SCHOOL,
Held at Elizabeth City, N. C, beginning 14th day of July, 1886, and end-jng
4th day of August, 1886.
Scholastic Years 1885 and 1886. 65
OFFICERS AND INSTRUCTORS, WITH SUBJECTS.
S. L. Sheep, Reading and Physiology, Superintendent.
Prof. L. R. Mills, Arithmetic and Geography.
Prof. A. J. Davis, Methods of Teaching and Grammar.
Prof. George E. Little, Drawing.
Mrs. M. O. Humphrey, Primary Work and Penmanship.
GENERAL LECTURERS, WITH SUBJECTS.
Dr. Solomon Pool, 1. An Ancient School-room; 2. History Divinely Fore-stalled.
Hon. J. C. Scarborough, Education.
Prof. L. R. Mills, The Races.
Dr. R. M. Saunders, The New Education.
Prof. Little, "Chalk Talk."
Prof. A. J. Davis, Alaska and its Wonders.
STATISTICAL STATEMENT.
Number of males enrolled 60
Number of females enrolled 80
Total attendance enrolled 140
Average daily attendance 70
Number of faculty 5
Number of pupils in Primary Class 25
Number of males who are teachers 40
Number of females who are teachers 50
Number special lectures 7
Duration of school term, days 22
Number of days for Normal work 16
NAMES OF COUNTIES IN NORTH CAROLINA REPRESENTED, WITH NUMBER
OF TEACHERS FROM EACH.
Chowan 6
Washington 2
Dare,.... 2
Virginia 3
juotank 40
Camden ,...,, 12
Currituck. 10
Gates 5
Perquimans 10
To the Hon. S. M. Finger, Superintendent of Public Instruction:
Dear Sir :—Our Normal School for 1886 was the most prosperous session
we have yet held. We had a greater number of teachers present, represent-ing
a much larger area of country than at any previous session. All of the
sessions were well attended by our citizens, and an increased interest was man-ifested
on the part of the teachers and those about to become teachers. The
general lec