EFFECT: reduction of consumption of natural clays, reduction of wastes of production in construction of motor roads and solid domestic waste landfills, improves the quality of final product.

3 cl, 1 dwg, 8 tbl

The invention relates to insulating materials, and new production technology can be used for the dumping of toxic industrial waste 3 and 4th class of danger, including municipal solid waste (MSW). This versatile material can also be used in the construction of foundations for roads, landfills.

In Russia as an insulating material for MSW, as well as material in the construction of foundations for roads widely used natural clay. (Guidelines on design, operation and rehabilitation of landfills. The Ministry of construction of Russia: Academy of municipal economy named after. K. D. Panfilov, M.: 1966).

A significant drawback of clays is their high filtration coefficient (KF=0,08-0,15) m/day.

Known insulating material, patent RF №2 469 806, which includes clay and further comprises a powdered composition from waste "dust of ferrous metals metallurgical production and dolomite powder", mixed in the ratio 1:3. Additives increase the filtration coefficient of the main component is clay, as well as increase the permeability from the lower horizons to the upper roadway.

The closest in technical essence to the invention as a low permeable material is an insulating material to THEM, p�the awning of the Russian Federation No. 2271882.

Known contains the natural soil is clay, lime wastes of thermal power plants (precipitate of hydrated lime or a chemical water treatment sludge) and sludge (float bottom) or contaminated with oil products soil with the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Oil sludge

25-50

The spent lime material

15-40

Clay

10-60

Insulating material THEY are produced commercially under THE 5717-001-48855-219-2004. THEY must comply with the requirements of technical specifications:

1. The filtration coefficient (KF) not more than 0,864 m/day.

2. The coefficient of consolidation, not less than 0,98 g/cm3

3. The coefficient frost resistance not less than 0.65.

The filtration rate is the main indicator for landfills, since the layer (1.0-1.5 m) of MSW is placed a layer of THEM with a height of 0.3 to 0.5, then poured a layer of TBO height of 1.0-1.5, etc.

Low compaction ratios and frost THEM as an intermediate layer in MSW immaterial.

During the construction of the foundations of roads using THEM with low coefficients seal and frost is unacceptable.

THEY are preparing polygons on the way� mixing components a mill or a bulldozer.
Production technology from waste controlled by the Federal service of Rosprirodnadzor, while doing a large amount of preparatory work, and is as follows:

1. Prepare a decision by the administration for the allotment of land for landfill;

2. Produce land acquisition;

3. Produce engineering hydrological survey polygon;

4. Performs design of the landfill;

5. Co-ordinates the project with the Supervisory authorities (Fire safety Federal state - Federal state healthcare institution "Centre of epidemiology and hygiene);

6. Conduct environmental study;

7. Get permission for the construction of the landfill;

8. Produce the construction of the landfill;

9. Carry out the acceptance of the state;

10. Register at companies house;

11. Get licensed to carry out environmental works;

12. Get the limits for waste disposal at the landfill.

Execution of works on PP.1-12 occurs within 3 years, as a result, the efficiency and productivity environmental work is declining.

The object of the invention is to improve the quality, expand the range of efficiency for the purpose of using THEM in the construction of roads with a new name IM ACTOR, as well as reduced time to manufacture�ing at a mobile a mobile unit.

The invention solves the technical problem of improving the quality of the insulating material IM ACTOR, reducing permeability, increasing the rate of compaction and frost resistance, reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere at the expense of manufacturing THEM-ECODOR on mobile a mobile unit.

This problem is solved by the fact that IM ACTOR includes natural soil, calcareous material, drill cuttings and oil sludge at the following content of components, wt.parts.

I. Natural ground

1,0

II. Calcareous material

0,5-5,0

III. Drill cuttings

0,5-3,0

IV. Oil sludge

0,5-7,0

I. as a natural soil IM ACTOR contains clay, thus there were four groups. Fig.1 shows the dependence of the permeability of clays on the ratio of silicon oxide SiO2the aluminum oxide Al2O3. In the clay with the increase of oxides of silicon increases the filtration rate.

II. As the calcareous material IM ACTOR contains one of the following components or mixtures thereof.

1. Technological waste heat power plants (CHP) precipitate of hydrated lime (green coke),
which is formed during the manufacture of milk of lime. For this purpose, quick-slacking lime calcium content of the active substance Cao 65-85%.

The precipitate of hydrated lime (green coke) is a light-gray mixture of particles of different size with the inclusion of dark sharp-edged particles of calcium carbonate, the so-called "nadapal" lime. Granulometric composition of the sample of nadapal selected from the sludge reservoir of the CHP, are listed in table.1. Mineralogical composition: CaO+MgO - 75,3; SO3- 2,0; NH3- 1,36; PO4- 0,76; Na2CO3~ 2,97; NaOH - 2,24; NaCl - 0,53; SiO2- 3,45;

The content of active calcium oxide and magnesium is 75,3%.

2. The chemical water treatment sludge (HVO) is formed during liming of natural water. The process of liming is produced in the apparatus of the clarifiers, where served warmed water and reagents - lime water CA(Oh)2, coagulants and flocculants: Na2CO3, Na3PO4the anions which form with cations of CA+2and Mg+2insoluble compounds: CACO3, Mg(OH)2CA3(PO4)2, Mg3(PO4)2separated from softened water, first in the form of sludge in the clarifiers, and then in astetically filters.

The amount of the produced sludge HVO depends on river water quality and varies from 0.1 to 0.5 cgna cubic meter of purified water.
The amount of accumulation of sludge HVO in Ufa is in kt: CHP 2 - 80,0; CHP 3 - 88,0; CHP 4 - 120,0; Pritiska CHP - 5,7.

Sludge HVO is a paste of reddish-brown color with a high specific surface (up to 800 m2/g). Chemical and granulometric compositions of the HVO are shown in tables 2 and 3.

Phase composition of the HVO from the clarifier is represented mainly by carbonate - large endothermic effect at 780-920°C - and magnesium hydroxide - endothermic effect of its dehydration when 390-445°C.

Ash on a large GRES contains silt particles of 0.2 mm fraction and less - 82,0%. In the ashes there are no fractions of 1 mm and above. The mineralogical composition of the ash from the combustion of bituminous coal is: SiO2from 50 to 65%; Al2O320,0-31,0%; Fe2O33-12%; CaO and 0.4-2.5%; MgO 0.1 to 0.5%; the amount of oxides of other elements of 0.5-3.0%. The main components of the ash are oxides of silicon and aluminum, and their ratio is equal to 2.5 to 2.1. Ash GRES according to Fig.1 the filtration coefficient is equivalent to the clays of the first group.

4. Dispersed natural marl is an intermediate in the formation of limestone. Marl on the nature of education is equivalent to the peat, which takes place stage:

Huge reserves of marl are found in the Republic of Bashkortostan in the foothills of the Urals. The solubility of marl in water is several times higher than that of limestone, which contributes to the formation of numerous karst both above ground and underground.

Calcareous materials (sludge lime sludge HVO, ash burning bituminous coals, dispersed natural marl) due to their high dispersion and specific surface promote the adsorption of petroleum products and neutralization of compounds of calcium and magnesium.

III. Drilling mud is a suspension coming out of the barrel construction of the underpass for pipelines across rivers and lakes. The density of the drilling mud is 1.12-1.17 g/cm3. The composition of the drill cuttings are shown in table.4.

IV. Oil sludge is a major component of it-ACTOR. When storing the sludge stratified into three layers: floating, emulsion and bottom.

Floating sludge is the topmost layer of waste, with�argasi to 92% of petroleum products
6,5% water and 1.5% solids. Floating sludge on the composition close to that collected at the treatment facilities of oil products, the so-called drip oil, and contains fractions to -350°C in an amount of up to 60%.

Emulsion sludge usually found at a depth of 0.8 m-2.0 m contains water to 50%, 5-10% solids and 40-50% oil content fractions 100-350°C in an amount of up to 40%.

Upper emulsion and the oil sludge is not suitable for THEM-actor due to high fire risk. In refineries subjected to centrifugation and returned for reprocessing.

Bottom oil sludge (DNS) is the lowest layer and is characterized by a significant content of mechanical impurities (20-60%), water (30-50%) and up to 25% heavy oil.

The class of toxicity of bottom sludge is low hazard to the environment (4th class of danger) and therefore may be involved in road construction.

The composition of bottom sludge from the pond-sedimentation tank the size of 300-700 m and a depth of 5 m (two ponds), OJSC Ufaneftekhim presented in table.5, the amount of savings is 2000000 cubic meters. the table shows the fraction (diesel) up to 360°With significantly smaller and less flammable.

All types of bottom sludge after selection of pond are dark-colored pasta with the smell of oil.

In table.6 shows your physical�TWA investigated types DNS.

DNS 15 has plastic properties, and DNS 10 and DNS 3 physical properties do not differ from ordinary clay soils.

The different content of the oil fraction in DNS affects its physical properties such as soil. If the composition DNS contains 10% or less petroleum fractions, its physical properties are close to clay with a plasticity number 19-24%.

In the production of the insulating material is also used contaminated with oil products soil, in which components can be varied within a wide range: oil part up to 10%, mechanical impurities 50-80%, water 20%.

The construction of roads lead according to SNiP 2.05.02.85; 3.06.03.85; 2.02.02.85, etc., but these documents do not contain information about the effect of water resistance on the road surface. From experience we know that roads located in wetland areas, the water penetrates by capillarity from the bottom up and destroys the fabric due to the reduction of coefficient of consolidation.

In table.7 shows the quality of components to make THEM-ACTOR. For compactibility (1,45-1,67 g/cm3) clay correspond to the first class roads, but the rate of filtration (0,08-0,152 m/day) is insufficient for roads in wetlands. Green coke, marl have good compactibility (1,85-of 1.91 g/cm3at high filter water (5-10 m/day). Burov�th sludge with a low coefficient of filtration (0,00003 m/day) manages to condense to 1.24 g/cm
3, bottom sludge compacted to 0.74-1.26 g/cm3.

Selecting the optimal composition of the components, it is possible to obtain THEM-ACTOR. Examples of cooking THEM-ACTOR in laboratory conditions are given in table.8. Insulating material to THEM-prototype (POS.1 and 2) containing clay 1 h (41,6%), bottom sludge of 0.8 hours (33,2%), calcareous material of 0.6 hours (25,0%), has the following characteristics:

Prototypes of THEM (POS.3-10) on quality as THEY far exceed THEM the prototype. Laboratory samples 3-6, 8-10 correspond to THEM-Ecodorm and can be used as a commercial product for MSW and in road construction. Insulating material (POS.7) not suitable for road construction because of the low bulk factor of 1.05 g/cm3. THEY (POS.11) containing 5 weight.parts of soil contaminated with petroleum product, has the lowest coefficient of consolidation of 0.95 g/cm3. This is because in the soil of a large content of organic matter, such as humus, which is virtually impossible to seal.

Prototypes (POS.3-10) have frost resistance. The reason for this resistance to cyclic freezing - thawing lies in hydrof�the competitiveness of oil components to THEM-Eldora and their ability to form persistent water emulsions,
that fill the pore volume of an undirected way, impede permeability in wetlands from the bottom up, while maintaining the density of the soil in its original form.

Analysis of the filtrate after passing through the sample of tap water at pressure gradient of 50 showed the presence of soluble salts is not more than 0.3 g/l, which corresponds to the degree of salinity of soil no more than 7% of the studied samples (Fig.3-9), compacted at optimum moisture content to maximum density, are non-saline. When the penetration of moisture is virtually eliminated leaching of water soluble compounds into surrounding soil layers.

Involvement in the construction of landfills and roads waste production will reduce their volume, and significantly reduce the consumption of natural clay materials, it is doubly beneficial to the environment.

Insulating material IM ACTOR according to the invention receive in enterprises-storage owners waste. Company-owners are licensed waste for waste storage and deliver the necessary components to produce THEM-ACTOR.

KF - filtration ratio, m/dayPd is the density of the soil after compaction (bulk factor), g/cm3Wopt is the optimum moisture content at which the maximum coefficient of compaction, % wt.Note: With increasing moisture content (W) above optimal (Opt) components are transformed into the muck.

1. Insulating material including clay, calcareous material, oil sludge, characterized in that it further comprises drill cuttings, with the following ratio of components, wt.h.:

clay

1,0

calcareous material

0,5-5,0

oil sludge

0,5-7,0

drill cuttings

0,5-3,0

2. The insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that the material contains lime process wastes of thermal power plants - the rest of hydrated lime or a chemical water treatment sludge, or ash from the combustion of coal or dispersed natural marl.

3. The insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil sludge contains bottom oil sludge or contaminated with oil products soil.

SUBSTANCE: method for producing the concrete aggregate includes preparation of mass based on low-melting clays, capable to swell under conditions of heat treatment, its hydration up to 17-23%, formation of granules, melting into the surface of moulded granules of the crushed cement clinker sieved through mesh No. 5, drying, calcining at a temperature of 1100°C, cooling.

SUBSTANCE: in this method to produce a dry anti-frost complex additive, including mixing of a plasticising component, a salt component and an intensifier of anti-frost action, the intensifier of anti-frost action is a water-soluble organic component not containing salt-producing functional groups, with the HLB value of 2.8-4.3, which is dried on a carrier - the plasticising component, and the produced powdered product is mixed with the dry salt component to produce the following content of components, wt %: plasticising component - 10-80, salt component - 10-75, intensifier of anti-frost action - 5-15. In the version of the method to produce a dry anti-frost complex additive, including mixing of a plasticising component, a salt component and an intensifier of anti-frost action, the intensifier of anti-frost action is a water-soluble organic component not containing salt-producing functional groups, with the HLB value of 2.8-4.3, which is mixed with the dry plasticising component, and the produced paste-like mass is mixed with the dry salt component to produce loose mass. The invention also relates to composition of the dry anti-frost complex additive produced by above methods.

EFFECT: lower doses of complex anti-frost additives due to increase of their technical efficiency and narrower range of recommended doses for entire temperature range of their application with provision of convenience of their transportation and storage.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction and can be used for construction of an earth bed and a device of reinforced road bases on roads of categories I-V in road climatic zones II-V, as well as pavements on roads of categories IV-V as material for construction of earth bed fills and reinforcement of soil bases of construction and other sites. Improved road-building soil is characterised by the fact that it is obtained from a mixture containing the following, wt %: cement 5-15, waste of thermal utilisation of oil slurries - ash and slag with density of 1.2 to 1.6 kg/dm3 30-40, mineral filler 0-30, peat sorbent 2-4, drilling slurry with density of 1.3 to 1.8 kg/dm3 is the rest.

EFFECT: reduction of consumption of cement and fillers; utilisation of wastes.

SUBSTANCE: previously prepared samples with various quantity of a filler in a highly dispersed condition for a dry construction mix are placed into a hollow part of metal washers, placed on a metal plate, are compacted by any available method under permanent load of up to 5 MPa per 1 cm2 of sample surface for 10-15 seconds, then marks are applied on the surface of each sample in the form of drops of a solution of various concentration, wetting angles of samples are measured θ, a curve of dependence is built cosθ-1=f(1/σl), where σl - surface tension of the liquid, they determine the angle of inclination of this functional dependence a for each sample of different composition, the curve of dependence a is built on quantity of mix components, and by the point of break of the curve of dependence they define the optimal content of a modifier in the tested object.

EFFECT: reduced number of tests and higher accuracy of mixture composition selection.

EFFECT: improvement of material characteristics, providing protection from neutron radiation flows, provision of technological mobility of working mixture in the process of pouring construction elements.

SUBSTANCE: in the method to manufacture wood concrete items with production of a base on their surface for plastering, providing for preparation and dosing of a hydraulic binder, ground cane stems, water, mixing of components, moulding of items with vibration, hardening, moulding with vibration is carried out so that cane stems cut into sections with length of 4-6 cm are located near the surface of the items, with one end staying in the mix, and with the other one - protruding outside and forming a base for application of plaster.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a composition of radiation-proof structural concrete with a porous aggregate and a method for production thereof. The invention can be used in construction of facilities which provide protection from a high level of an electromagnetic field generated by both external and internal sources. Radiation-proof structural concrete obtained from a mixture consisting of portland cement, sand, hardening water, a porous aggregate and carbon-containing radiation-absorbing filler, wherein the porous aggregate is in the form of foamed glass granules with size of up to 5 mm, and the carbon-containing radiation-absorbing filler is structured gel containing 51-63 wt % of 5-10% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution, 4-7 wt % sodium lignosulphonate, 9-12 wt % of 25% aqueous ammonia solution and 24-30 wt % of electroconductive technical carbon, and starting components of the concrete are taken in volume ratio portland cement:sand:hardening water:porous aggregate:carbon-containing radiation-absorbing filler of 1:(0-0.3):(0.4-0.6):(1.5-2.3):(0.1-0.4), respectively. A method of producing radiation-proof structural concrete from said mixture, which includes preparing mortar from portland cement, sand, hardening water, porous aggregate and carbon-containing radiation-absorbing filler followed by solidification thereof, wherein said carbon-containing radiation-absorbing filler is prepared in advance as follows: dissolving powdered sodium lignosulphonate in aqueous ammonia solution, mixing said solution with aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution and dispersing granular electroconductive technical carbon in the obtained solvent by adding in portions with mixer rate of 1400-2000 rpm, after which the carbon-containing radiation-absorbing filler is added to hardening water of the cement-sand mixture.

SUBSTANCE: peat-polymer mixture for production of fire-resistant building blocks, comprising substrate in the form of peat and a binder, consists of the following components, wt %: peat nanomodified with suspension of polyvinyl acetate and cyclone dust of gas purification of air of industrial enterprises (based on the following: dry polyvinyl acetate in the amount of 4% by weight of peat and dust - 2%), - 25%, Portland cement CEM-II-42.5 - 35%, sodium bicarbonate - 7.5%, calcium chloride - 7.5%, diammonium phosphate - 5%, and water - 20%.

EFFECT: improvement of fire-proof and strength characteristics at a constant density, reduced thermal conductivity, increase in homogeneity of the structure and durability of the insulating material.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of road construction materials and can be used in repairing airfield and road surfaces, particularly for rapid and emergency restoration of damaged areas on asphalt pavements. A cold bitumen-mineral mixture, which contains mineral filler and binder, which includes bitumen, diesel fuel, tall oil and polyethylene polyamine, where the binder further includes fine wollastonite with particle size of 40-100 mcm, and the mineral filler used is any rock material with strength of not less than 60 MPa and grain size of 3-8 mm or 5-10 mm, with the following ratio of components, wt %: road bitumen 3.0-3.8, diesel fuel 0.8-1.3, tall oil 0.22-0.23, polyethylene polyamine 0.02-0.03, fine wollastonite 0.12-0.45, rock material - the balance.

SUBSTANCE: invention increases tensile and compression strength of priming coats, as well as water-resistance thereof while reducing binder consumption to 0.003-0.012 wt %. The effect is achieved by using cation-active imidazoline and polyacrylic acid in the composition, which form an insoluble polyelectrolyte interpolymer complex during chemical reaction.

EFFECT: invention relates to a method of producing a stable structural composition based on a priming mixture of clay and sand as natural filler and can be used for industrial purposes for producing moulding agents, accelerated hardening of priming coats and endowing priming coats with hydrophobic properties.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to composition for silicate brick manufacturing. Composition for manufacturing silicate brick contains lime, sand, water and at least one plasticiser, where at least one plasticiser represents crest polymer in accordance with given structural formula. Method of manufacturing silicate brick includes stages of said composition provision, supply of said composition to at least one pressing device and its pressing, and composition hardening. Hardened composition, obtained by method described above. Application of composition described above. Invention is developed in dependent items of the formula.

EFFECT: improvement of composition processability and increase quality of products.