In 1993, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Industrial Technology
(OIT) established a group of seven industries designated as Industries of the
Future (IOF). These industries were selected for their high energy use and large
waste generation. The original IOF included the aluminum, chemicals, forest
products, glass, metalcasting, petroleum refining, and steel industries. Each industry
was asked to provide a future vision and a road map detailing the research
required to realize its vision.

This handbook is designed as a comprehensive reference for the industrial automation engineer. Whether in a smallor large manufacturing plant, the industrial or manufacturing engineer is usually responsible for using the latest andbest technology in the safest, most economic manner to build products. This responsibility requires an enormousknowledge base that, because of changing technology, can never be considered complete.

This practical book gives a comprehensive introduction to the concepts and languages of the new standard IEC 61131 used to program industrial control systems. A summary of the special requirements in programming industrial automation systems and the corresponding features in the IEC 61131-3 standard makes it suitable for students as well as PLC experts. The material is presented in an easy-to-understand form using numerous examples, illustrations and summary tables. There is also a purchaser's guide and a CD-ROM containing two reduced but functional versions of programming systems.

Recycling of plastic materials is now an important field in the plastics industry,
not just an activity born under environmental pressure. The recycling processes
include industrial operations in which secondary materials are
reprocessed and/or monomers recovered for further polymerization; such processes
are termed secondary and tertiary recycling.

Recent advents in laser technology and discoveries in laser physics have enabled their
very new and exciting applications. Some of them cover production of new materials:
nano-particles, periodic structures in nano-scale, and thin films. Others allowed better
understanding of laser-matter interaction when sample is subjected to intense laser
pulses of various time duration, shape in space and time domains as well as different
spectral components contained in a pulse.

Materials are important to mankind because of the benefits that can be derived from the manipulation of their properties, for example electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, magnetization, optical transmittance, strength and toughness. Materials science is a broad field and can be considered to be an interdisciplinary area. Included within it are the studies of the structure and properties of any material, the creation of new types of materials, and the manipulation of a material's properties to suit the needs of a specific application....

Thin-film science and technology play a crucial role in the high-tech industries
that will bear the main burden of future American competitiveness. While the
major exploitation of thin films has been in microelectronics, there are
numerous and growing applications in communications, optical electronics,
coatings of all kinds, and in energy generation and conservation strategies.

Until relatively recent times, most periods of technological development have been linked to
changes in the use of materials (eg the stone, bronze and iron ages). In more recent years the
driving force for technological change in many respects has shifted towards information
technology. This is amply illustrated by the way the humble microprocessor has built
intelligence into everyday domestic appliances.

The automotive industry is experiencing a considerable “stress period”, which can lead
to important changes in the whole industry. Many aspects contribute to this situation,
starting from the global recession (unemployment rates, slowing growth, etc.) to
credit meltdown (dependency of car sales on credit, OEM refi nancing, etc.) and fi nishing
with globalization aspects (global sourcing, foreign investments, etc.) and “green
challenges” (both for the industry and the fi nal products)....

The book offers comprehensive coverage of the broad range of scientific knowledge in the fields of advances in induction and microwave heating of mineral and organic materials. Beginning with industry application in many areas of practical application to mineral materials and ending with raw materials of agriculture origin the authors, specialists in different scientific area, present their results in the two sections: Section 1-Induction and Microwave Heating of Mineral Materials, and Section 2-Microwave Heating of Organic Materials....

.Application of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysis to Construction Materials
.RILEM STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORTS
Volume 5
RILEM, The International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures, founded in 1947, is a non-governmental scientific association whose goal is to contribute to progress in the construction sciences, techniques and industries, essentially by means of the communication it fosters between research and practice.

On close examination, the glowing promise of coal quickly turns to ash. Coal mining remains a deadly and environmentally destructive industry. Nearly forty percent of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere each year comes from coal-fired power plants. In the last two decades, air pollution from coal plants has killed more than half a million Americans. In this eye-opening call to action, Goodell explains the costs and consequences of America's addiction to coal and discusses how we can kick the habit....

Creativity can create economic value. This maxim holds true equally for
the food industry as for other industries. Such value may come from a new
innovation, edging out competitors in a market, creating a revenue stream
where there was none, or increasing market reputation. This book provides
an introduction to intellectual property law, as applied to the food technology
industry. This area of law provides the legal framework for bridging creativ-
ity and the value that may come from it.

Ever since the Industrial Revolution, industrial activities have been accompanied by a
problem: industrial waste. The commensurate increase in industrialization,
urbanization and population growth are leading to production of enormous quantities
of industrial wastes that may cause degradation in environment and health hazards.
On the other hand, the desire for a healthy environment increases, which leads to the
need for better ways of waste minimization, pollution prevention and better use of
resources in achieving the required industrial and environmental standards....

The World is confronted with a plethora of potentially disruptive technologies
– some, such as nanotechnology, will inevitably challenge our cherished
social, economic and industrial stability over the next two decades. Rational
design and manufacture of materials properties through nanostructure control
will profoundly affect the food we eat, the sources of water and power we
use, our health services, our national security, housing, transportation, etc.
Precisely what will be the ultimate effect of these disruptions is still unclear.