While it sounds neat to be able to shoot shorts, longs and long rifles, shorts and longs are rarely available. Shorts have been relegated to Olympic style Match shooting so most of it is expensive if you can even find it. In nearly 25 years of really active shooting, I have yet to see any dealer stock 22 longs. I don't even know if they are made today (??).

Over 50 years ago these three (shorts, longs and long rifles) were stocked everywhere but as time has gone on it has come down to long rifle in Standard, High, and Hyper velocity with shorts for Olympic Match guns.

All long rifle ammo fits and fires in most new guns today but some guns (22 semi-auto match pistols) should never use anything but long rifle Std Vel ammo to assure longevity of the gun. The exception of course is the Olympic Match guns designed to shoot shorts only.

So it seems that having the capability to shoot short, long, and long rifle ammo has dubious value to most of us!

Standard Velocity shells run about 1000 fps. Since the speed of sound is 1150 (or thereabouts), these are subsonic. Because breaking the sound barrier can cause bullets to wiggle slightly, which can make them slightly less accurate, target 22s are subsonic. So Standard Velocity ammo is marked either Standard Velocity, or Subsonic, or Target Velocity. Expect to pay more for this than for High Velocity shells. The bullet nose has a rounded profile.

High Velocity shells run about 1250 fps. This is the bread and butter of the 22 LR line. Most 22 shells are High Velocity. If you just go to your friendly gun store to buy a box of 22s, you will get High Velocity. Winchester Wildcats are High Velocity (although, in my opinion, they are garbage. Not as bad as Remington 22s, but still garbage). All the jacketed 22s (it's really a copper wash, not a jacket, but it looks jacketed) are High Velocity. Of all the 22s out there, these are going to be the cheapest, because they make more of these than any other type. The bullet nose has a rounded profile.

Hyper Velocity runs faster than 1400 fps. This is normally accomplished by decreasing the weight of the bullet. Stingers (the first Hyper Velocity) not only lowered the weight, but since that made for a shortened bullet, they increased the length of the case slightly, to allow more powder to be used. Most (if not all) of the Hyper Velocity shells are hollow points. Most have a pointed nose profile, with a flat tip. Except for the true "target ammo", these are the most expensive 22 LRs.

I shoot them all in my marlin and higgins bolt action rifles. I also have a .22 revolver that shoots them all just fine.
I have fired all of them except shorts through my 10/22. I'm not saying it won't shoot shorts...I have just never tried them in it.

Try not to get all bunched up about ammo 'nomenclature'.
There are no rules, so you can call it whatever you want. And everyone does.
The problem is marketing to the senses of the consumer vs what is really accurate. People think faster is better. That's why .22 ammo is marketed as super dooper, hyper diaper, slicker than snot, etc.....
You basically have 2 choices.
Hypersonic or subsonic. Faster than sound or not.
A .22 bullet doesn't have the mass to shoot accurately at hypersonic velocities. Once the bullet breaks the sound barrier, all heck breaks loose, and all accuracy is lost in the process.
Let speed be the rule.

ALL competition benchrest shooters use subsonic ammo. It's inherently far more accurate. AND... It's a lot more expensive.
Why? It's made by the same company as the souperdooper stuff, yet has less powder.

Also keep in mind that no rimfire shoots the same ammo the same.
What shoots well for me may very well suck in your firearm.

Rimfires are unique in their abilities.
It's up to you to determine what works best for you.

I do not claim to be an expert on matters as to what gun will fire what type ammo but my guess is the short may not have the energy to cycle some semi automatic actions. Any action that does not require the energy to cycle the action would probably work with shorts. I've never tried anything but long rifles in my semi automatic or autoloaders but the shorts work fine in my pump, bolts and revolvers.
oldogy

Several manufactures have made semi-auto hand guns through the years to shoot shorts. The designs often use light weight (low mass) slides with light recoil springs to work at all. Modern semi-auto handguns or rifles marked for 22 LR will not shoot shorts except single fire because the mechanism is designed for the 22LR cartridges based on the power of the cartridge to operate the mechanism.

Any gun that is manually operated (bolts, pumps, levers) MAY be able to shoot shorts but the loading mechanism must be made to handle their shorter length. Not all modern guns are.