Gorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesPoultry Science Journal2345-66042345-65664120160601Effects of Barley Cultivar and Dietary Supplemental enzyme on Performance, Egg Quality Traits, and Selected Blood Parameters of Laying Hens112ENTorkiMDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranMirzaeeMDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, IranHabibianMDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran10.22069/psj.2016.2966The effect of supplementing two commercial multienzyme to diets included two barley cultivars (Sararood [71.99%] and Valfajr [66.39%]) on performance, egg quality, and blood parameters of laying hens was investigated in an 8-wk (65 to 73 wk of age) experiment. The commercial multienzymes were Grindazym™ (with mainly β-glucanase and xylanase activity) and Hemicell® (with mainly β-mannanase activity). Each dietary treatment consisted of five replicates of six hens. Barley cultivar had no significant effect on the measured criteria and there was no interaction between barley cultivar and enzyme throughout the study. Diet supplementation with enzymes reduced feed intake (P < 0.05). Hens receiving Grindazym-supplemented diets produced more eggs than those receiving diets without enzyme or supplemented with Hemicell (P < 0.05). Conversely, egg weight was higher for hens receiving the Hemicell-supplemented diets than for those fed the other diets (P < 0.05). Hens receiving the Grindazym-supplemented diet showed higher egg mass than those fed the unsupplemented diets (P < 0.05) and egg mass of hens receiving the Hemicell-supplemented diets was intermediate between these two groups. Feed conversion ratio was improved by enzyme supplementation throughout the study (P < 0.05). Serum concentration of triiodothyronine was higher in hens receiving the Grindazym-supplemented diets than that in hens receiving the diets with no enzyme or supplemented with Hemicell (P < 0.05). Overall, the nutritive value of barley could be improved by enzyme supplementation. However, the two enzyme sources had different effects on performance of laying hens probably due to different mechanisms of action.Enzyme,Egg quality,Laying hen,Performance,Barley cultivarhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2966.htmlhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2966_fdd1673e4a1b179a00907ddab5f76ea2.pdfGorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesPoultry Science Journal2345-66042345-65664120160601Effects of Various Levels of Oxidized Oil on Performance, Egg Quality and Some Blood Metabolites in Laying Hens1318ENAASakiDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranAliarabiHDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranCheraghiPDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranMirzaie GoudarziSDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranAhmadiADepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran10.22069/psj.2016.2967The influence of dietary oxidized oil was studied on laying hen performance, egg quality and blood metabolites. Experiment was conducted on 160 laying hens (Hy-Line W-36, 54-61 wk of age) in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicated cages containing eight birds per cage. Dietary treatments replaced fresh soybean oil in the control diet (3% fresh soybean oil, 15.25% crude protein, and 2858 Kcal/kg metabolizable energy) with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% oxidized oil. Egg production and egg weight were recorded daily and feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and egg mass were calculated weekly. Egg quality traits were recorded on a biweekly basis. Hen’s body weight was measured individually at the beginning and end of the experiment. Serum metabolites were determined at the end of the experiment. There was a significant difference between diets with different oxidized oil levels in egg weight, egg mass, Egg production, and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Feed intake was not affected by dietary treatments. There was no significant difference between oxidized oil levels on blood serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein. Malondialdehyde of the liver was not affected by oxidized oils. The results of this study have clearly demonstrated that maximum 25% oxidized oil could be replaced by fresh oil in the diets without any adverse effect on the performance of laying hens.Laying hen,Oxidized oil,Performance,Blood parameterhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2967.htmlhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2967_8f2f5e5abcc76f1578ece7ec0042d83a.pdfGorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesPoultry Science Journal2345-66042345-65664120160601Vitamin E Improves Morphology and Absorptive Surface of Small Intestine in Broiler Chickens Reared at High Altitude1926ENHassanpourHDepartment of Basic Sciences, Physiology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranBahadoranSDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranBorjianNDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran10.22069/psj.2016.2968Under high altitude conditions, the effects of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) on growth performance, intestinal morphology (villus size and type), and absorptive surface area of broiler chickens were evaluated. Chickens were fed diets supplemented with 0, 100, 200 or 400 IU/kg vitamin E for 42 days. On days 14, 28 and 42, birds were sacrificed and three segments of small intestine were dissected. The feed conversion ratio at day 42 significantly decreased when supplementing the diet with 400 IU/kg vitamin E (P < 0.05). The duodenal and jejunal villus height, width, and lamina propria at both 28 and 42 days significantly increased when supplementing the diet with all concentrations of vitamin E, but the ileal villus height was only higher with 400 IU/kg vitamin E compared to the control diet at 42 days (P < 0.05). The proportion of jejunal leaf + tongue-like villi increased while convoluted + ridge-like villi decreased with 200 and 400 IU/kg vitamin E supplementation at 42 days compared to the control (P < 0.05). The sum of measured villus surface area in three intestinal parts increased due to vitamin E supplementation at days 28 and 42 compared to control (P < 0.05). It is concluded that vitamin E (especially 400 IU/kg) had beneficial effects on feed efficiency, intestinal morphology and absorptive area.Vitamin E,Tocopherol,Intestinal absorption,Intestinal morphologyhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2968.htmlhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2968_ecc59d0a7d722c8539ce0cce87f51d68.pdfGorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesPoultry Science Journal2345-66042345-65664120160601Effects of Canola Bioactive Peptides on Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology and Gut Microflora in Broiler Chickens2736ENKarimzadehSDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, IranRezaeiMDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, IranTeimouri YansariADepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran10.22069/psj.2016.2969The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of canola bioactive peptides (CBP) produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of canola meal on performance, digestive enzyme activity, nutrient digestibility, gut microflora and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 250 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds per each. Birds were fed with a basal diet (Control) or a basal diet supplemented with CBP at 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg over 42 days. Results indicated that addition of 200 and 250 mg CBP/kg diet increased (P < 0.05) body weight gain and decreased feed conversion ratio (1-28 d and 29-42 d) (P < 0.05). Adding 200 and 250 mg CBP/kg diet improved amylase, lipase and protease activities in the small intestine (P < 0.05). Also, adding CBP to diet increased dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and ether extract digestibility (P < 0.05). The villus height, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in chicks fed by different amounts of CBP increased while crypt depth significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Adding CBP decreased gram negative bacteria counts in ileum and caecum compared to the control group. Results of the present study suggest that adding CBP to broiler diet may increase nutrient digestibility and act as an antimicrobial agent.Broiler,Performance,Nutrient digestibility,Canola bioactive peptides,Intestinal morphologyhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2969.htmlhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2969_853a7960f9c8ea608396b7975ea061e1.pdfGorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesPoultry Science Journal2345-66042345-65664120160601Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Intestinal Microflora of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Carum copticum Essential Oil3746ENFalakiMDepartment of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranShams SharghMDepartment of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranDastarBDepartment of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranHashemiSRDepartment of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, IranSadeghi MahoonakARDepartment of food Science, Faculty of Food Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran10.22069/psj.2016.2970We evaluated the effects of dietary Carum copticum essential oil (CCEO) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens. A total of 240 Cobb broiler chickens were allocated to five dietary treatments, each with four replicates of 12 birds. Dietary treatments were prepared by formulating a corn-soybean meal-based diet free of antibiotics (Control) and supplementing the basal diet with three levels of CCEO at 150, 250, 350 mg/kg or antibiotic Virginiamycin at 200 mg/kg. Treatments were fed from 0 to 42 d of age. Body weight gain decreased linearly (P=0.035) with increasing CCEO while Virginiamycin increased body weight gain at 1 to 10 d compared to the control treatment (P < 0.05). Though feed consumption was not affected by CCEO, CCEO insignificantly improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P > 0.05). There were no differences in carcass characteristics among broiler chickens fed the control, CCEO and Virginiamycin diets (P > 0.05). Lactic acid bacteria in the cecum and ileum at 42 d of age were not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05) but there was a linear increase of the log numbers of E. coli in the ileum (P=0.02) with increasing CCEO (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing CCEO to diet at 150 mg/kg improve the growth performance, decrease undesirable intestinal bacteria in broiler chickens and is an adequate alternative to antibiotics.Broiler,Carum copticum,Essential oil,Performance,Intestinal microflorahttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2970.htmlhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2970_b8a2a2615f83a8f7d7207e182c7a868c.pdfGorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesPoultry Science Journal2345-66042345-65664120160601Effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) and Turmeric (Curcuma ‎Longa) Powder on Performance, Enzyme Activity, and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress4753ENBaghban KananiPDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, IranDaneshyarMDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, IranNajafiRDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran10.22069/psj.2016.2971The effect of cinnamon and turmeric powders on performance, and blood parameters of broiler chickens under heat stress were investigated. 200 one-day-old male chicks (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates with 10 birds in each replicate. All birds were treated with heat stress (32οC) and were either fed no any supplement (control), or 0.5% turmeric, 0.5% cinnamon, and a blend of cinnamon and turmeric (0.25% each) when they were 25 to 42 days of age. We found that supplementation of turmeric, cinnamon, and their combination increased feed intake and body weight gain compared to control birds (P < 0.05). Blood uric acid concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activities decreased in the supplemented diets ‎ (P < 0.05). Blood malondialdehyde also decreased in all diets, but had the most striking reduction in the diets containing both turmeric and cinnamon (P < 0.05)‎. Blood aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine were not affected by the dietary treatments. Similarly, blood sodium, potassium, chlorine, hematocrit and rectal temperature were unchanged by the supplements (P > 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of cinnamon and turmeric either alone or together improve the performance of broiler chickens under heat stress by reducing lipid peroxidation.Broiler,turmeric,Cinnamon,Heat stress,Blood Parametershttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2971.htmlhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2971_c364f69fa1957c700dbad5875ddf1ae6.pdfGorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesPoultry Science Journal2345-66042345-65664120160601Effects of Feed Restriction on Production Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Koekoek Chickens in Ethiopia5561ENSalihRDepartment of Animal Production, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, EthiopiaTesfayeEDebre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Debre Zeit, EthiopiaTamirBDepartment of Animal Production, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, EthiopiaSinghHDepartment of Animal Production, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia10.22069/psj.2016.2972This study was conducted to examine the effects of feed restriction on production performance as well as traits relating to egg and carcass yield in Potchefstroom Koekoek dual purpose chicken bred under Ethiopian conditions. A total of 240 one-day-old dual purpose Koekoek chicks were randomly distributed into 12 experimental pens, representing 4 feeding treatments to evaluate the performance of chicks on body weight and age at onset of laying eggs (AOLE), egg quality, and carcass parameters. Treatments were control (unrestricted feed), R7-28 (restricted feed at 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25 and 28 days of age), R35-56 (restricted feed at 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 50, 53 and 56 days of age) and R63-84 (restricted feed at 63, 66, 69, 72, 75, 78, 81 and 84 days of age) groups. The results showed a significant difference between the control and R63-84 group's birds in both daily and total feed consumption (P < 0.05). There was a significant (P < 0.05) difference in body weight at the end of the starter period, where R63-84 group's birds had a heavier body weight and body weight gain than R7-28 and R35-56 groups' birds, but not control birds. Yolk diameter was significantly lower in R35-56 group than R7-28 and R63-84 groups (P < 0.05). Feed restriction also did not affect slaughter and dressed weight, but the eviscerated weight was significantly lower in R35-56 and R63-84 groups than control (P < 0.05). Feed restriction was associated with production costs of the treatments, and the feeding regime of R63-84 group significantly decreased the amount of feed consumed by birds (P < 0.05). Thus, feed restriction during 63 to 84 days of age (R63-84 group) can be useful because of improving the production profitability of rearing chicks without affecting the AOLE, body weight at AOLE, egg weight, and carcass parameters.Laying egg,Body weight,Feed restriction,Koekoek chicken,Carcass characteristichttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2972.htmlhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2972_3edbfa0381872c5f973d1228eb379bb1.pdfGorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesPoultry Science Journal2345-66042345-65664120160601Effect of Cereal Type and Enzyme Addition on Performance, Pancreatic Enzyme Activity, Intestinal Microflora and Gut Morphology of Broilers6371ENKalantarMDepartment of Animal Science, Qom Agriculture Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Qoam, IranKhajaliFDepartment of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, IranYaghobfarADepartment of Poultry Nutrition and Physiology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran10.22069/psj.2016.2973The effects of grain and carbohydrase enzyme supplementation were investigated on digestive physiology of chickens. A total of 625 one-day-old chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to five treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments included two different types of grains (wheat, and barley) with or without a multi-carbohydrase supplement. A corn-based diet was also considered to serve as a control. Feeding barley-based diet with multi-carbohydrase led to higher feed intake (P < 0.01) than those fed corn- and wheat-based diets. Birds fed on barley and wheat diets had lower weight gain despite a higher feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01). Total count and number of different type of bacteria including Gram-negative, E. coli, and Clostridia increased after feeding wheat and barley but the number of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria decreased (P < 0.01). Feeding barley and wheat diets reduced villus height in different parts of the small intestine when compared to those fed on a corn diet. However, enzyme supplementation of barley and wheat diets improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio and resulted in reduced number of E. coli and Clostridia and increased number of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, and also restored the negative effects on intestinal villi height (P < 0.01). The activities of pancreatic α-amylase and lipase were (P < 0.01) increased in chickens fed wheat and barley diets when compared to the control fed on a corn diet. Enzyme supplementation reduced the activities of pancreatic α-amylase and lipase (P < 0.01). In conclusion, various dietary non-starch polysaccharides without enzyme supplementation have an adverse effect on digesta viscosity, ileal microflora, villi morphology, and pancreatic enzyme activity.Cereal,Broiler,Growth,Enzyme,Gut functionhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2973.htmlhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2973_58629f2e795bd7f6d950518550b86fc9.pdfGorgan University Of Agricultural Sciences & Natural ResourcesPoultry Science Journal2345-66042345-65664120160601Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Raw or Treated Iranian Oak Acorn (Quercus brantii Lindl.) on the Performance and Cecal Bacteria of Broilers7379ENSinaeiKhDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, IranHoushmandMDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran10.22069/psj.2016.2974The effects of raw and sodium hydrogen carbonate-treated oak acorn were evaluated on broiler chicken performance and cecal flora. A total of 340 one-day-old broiler chicks were used in a completely randomized design with five experimental treatments and four replicates with 17 birds each. A corn-based diet served as the control and four treatment groups were diets containing 20 or 25% raw or treated oak acorn. Treatment of the acorn with sodium hydrogen carbonate significantly reduced the amount of total phenols and tannins in the feed (P < 0.05). Though there were no significant differences in body weight gain and final body weight between the control and treatment groups, treated oak acorn yielded greater overall weight gain than raw oak acorn. Feeding treated or raw oak acorn impaired feed conversion ratio relative to the control during the starter phase of the study. However, finisher (22-42 d) and overall (1-42 d) feed conversion ratio were similar between control and other treatments. Birds fed 25% treated oak acorn had significantly better overall feed conversion ratio than those fed raw oak acorn (P < 0.05). The relative weight of pancreas, liver, abdominal fat, as well as Lactobacillus and E. Coli counts, were similar between all treatments at 21 and 42 d of age. In conclusion, raw or treated oak acorn could be included in broiler diets up to 25% without negative effects on their performance. The performance may be improved by treating oak acorn with sodium hydrogen carbonate because of reducing the content of phenolic components.Broiler,Oak acorn,Performance,Sodium hydrogen carbonatehttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2974.htmlhttp://psj.gau.ac.ir/article_2974_fdb26429ddadb86a7dfe8ef2e6cb9109.pdf