WP will annouce "Post published". The status will remain "draft". The post will not show up in the "products" table, and not in the drafts filter. It is, by common user means, not reachable anymore.

When going back to the edit screen and moving the post to trash, it will show up in the "trash" filter, titled "Auto-Draft". Also, if content is filled into the editor, it will show up in the table with "(no title)".

(I'm setting this to "major" severity because I've had several customers create inaccessible entries this way. I only found out because they uploaded images to these entries, and the elusive post was linked under "attached to" from the media table. Also, I think it's a UI error, so I'm assigning it to the "UI" component.)

Summary
changed from Empty posts of custom post type do not appear in posts table to Draft posts without title and content disappear from posts table

Sorry for reopening this. It is more severe than I realized, and I don't think it's a duplicate of #17115.

This does not only happen for custom post types. It actually applies to regular posts and pages, too. Without editor content, posts without title disappear from the posts table.

If there's editor content, they will show up in the table titled "(no title)". It would be sufficient to apply this non-title to posts without post_content, too. Not showing these posts in the posts table, however, IMHO is a separate, serious bug.

yes, it's a duplicate of before mentioned ticket, as well as a few others which have been closed as duplicates of it.

It's a UI bug (that the success message is shown), Posts must have a Title or Content, If it has neither, it shouldn't give the success message. Custom post types need to operate with the same restriction.

The Auto Drafts are a separate system, which doesn't follow the exact way I think you're thinking it does..

No, I'm not talking about the success message (obviously that's wrong to say "published" when it's only saved as a draft.)

My point is that the post actually gets saved, it actually gets inserted into the database with draft status. But it is unreachable afterwards through regular UI means, because it doesn't show up in the posts table. Only if you remember its ID or if it's linked in the media library through an attachment you can edit it.