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"Growth in traffic 1882 - 1960"

The first tunnels through the Gotthard, Simplon and Lötschberg mountains are built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Traffic levels then increase more sharply than expected. Lines are electrified and upgraded, locomotives become more powerful, and trains start to run more frequently. A radical solution, first mooted in the years between the two world wars, comes to the fore in the 1950s: longer, lower-lying base tunnels.