The copyright covers only this
document, not the technologies described therein, including, but not
limited to OWL, BibTeX, RDF, and RDF Schema. As well, while this
document may bear a resemblence to W3C specifications, it is not
a W3C document in any way. The document markup and style is modified
from the W3C XML and XSL stylesheet, as they provide a convenient way
to markup documents of this type.

Abstract

As the semantic web grows, there is the need for more and more formal
ontology definitions in standard languages such as the Web Ontology
Language (OWL) of the World Wide Web Consortium. With that said, there
are numerous projects that predate OWL that can serve as useful
foundations. One such project is BibTeX, a method of marking up
bibliographic data, primarily for use in LaTeX documents, but also
useful for generic bibliographic storage. This document describes
BibTeX recast in OWL for use in RDF applications.

Status
of this Document

What's new?:

This is the second draft of the bibTeX definition in OWL, updated
according to instance data published by BibBase. This
version also includes links to two other widely used bibliographic
ontologies.

Note:

This document is subject to change at any time. As an early draft, the
namespace may change, classes and properties added or dropped, and
semantics modified before the final version. It is not recommended for
production work or for work that you cannot change in the future.

Given the disclaimer in the note, welcome to the specification
for BibTeX in OWL. This document arose out of a need to markup
bibliographic data while creating a new website based on RDF, OWL, and
other semantic web technologies. As the document matures, the
usefulness beyond BibTeX will become apparent and other useful classes
and properties can (and probably will) be added.

Contact us if you would like to help out, or if you have any comments.

Table
of Contents

1
Introduction and (Short) History

Markup and organization of bibliographic entries is vital for
smooth functioning in any work that requires careful documentation of
sources. While there exist many commercial and non-commercial
solutions, one of the simplest and most widespread is BibTeX[BibTeX]. This format is simple but
complete, easy to use but powerful. The following is an example:

This describes an Article with an key of Gettys90
along with the usual metadata of author, title, journal, and so on. The
ID allows one to reference the BibTeX entry in a LaTeX document by
simply using the instruction \cite{Gettys90}.
All formatting and production of the bibliography is taken care of for
the user.

BibTeX easily fits into the OWL way of describing the
world
with classes and properties. In the past, others had marked up BibTeX
in the predecessor of OWL, DAML+OIL[damloil],
one of which was created by the USC Information Sciences Institute[uscBibTeX]. However, there has
not been, as of yet, a markup of BibTeX in OWL.

This document serves as the definition of BibTeX in owl and
outlines some common examples. In all likelihood, there will be
extensions and modifications to the OWL definition in the future to
accommodate desired changes. The goal is for this (and the subsequent
modifications) to become the standard way of marking up bibliographic
data in the semantic web.

2
Namespace and Prefix

The namespace for this ontology is http://data.bibbase.org/ontology/#.
This namespace will always point to the most up-to-date version of the
ontology. RDF documents that use the BibTeX ontology should use this
rather than the actual URL to the file, which currently is http://data.bibbase.org/ontology/owl/.
The namespace prefix is BibTeX. The full XML
Namespace definition, therefore, is xmlns:BibTeX
"http://data.bibbase.org/ontology/#".

3
Classes and Properties

Nearly all of the classes and properties come directly from
the BibTeX format document[BibTeX].
There are a few additional properties and classes, some added to help
organize BibTeX cardinality restrictions, others for ease-of-use. To
reiterate, the classes and properties are subject to change!

3.1
Classes

Author

rdfs:label

Author

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) Author of a publication.

Organization

rdfs:label

Organization

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) The organization that sponsors a conference or
that publishes a manual.

Language

rdfs:label

Language

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) The language.

Keyword

rdfs:label

Keyword

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) The keyword used for searching or possibly for
annotation.

School

rdfs:label

School

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) The school where the publication was written.

Journal Title

rdfs:label

Journal Title

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) The name of the journal which publications
belongs to.

Book Title

rdfs:label

Book Title

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) The title of a book.

Series Title

rdfs:label

Series Title

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) The name of a series or set of books.

Collection Title

rdfs:label

Collection Title

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) The name of a collection.

Proceedings Title

rdfs:label

Proceedings Title

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) The name of a proceedings.

Publication

rdfs:label

Publication

rdfs:comment

Base class for all publications.

Authorship

rdfs:label

Authorship

rdfs:comment

(New in BibTeX 2.0) This is a way of recording the order of authors
for a publication.

Usually the address of the publisher or other type of
institution. For major publishing houses, van Leunen recommends
omitting the information entirely. For small publishers, on the other
hand, you can help the reader by giving the complete address.

The number of a journal, magazine, technical report, or
of a work in a series. An issue of a journal or magazine is usually
identified by its volume and number; the organization that issues a
technical report usually gives it a number; and sometimes books are
given numbers in a named series.

One or more page numbers or range of numbers, such as
42-111 or 7,41,73-97 or 43+ (the `+' in this last example indicates
pages following that don't form a simple range). To make it easier to
maintain Scribe-compatible databases, the standard styles convert a
single dash (as in 7-33) to the double dash used in TeX to denote
number ranges (as in 7-33).

The WWW Universal Resource Locator that points to the
item being referenced. This often is used for technical reports to
point to the ftp or web site where the postscript source of the report
is located.

The year of publication or, for an unpublished work,
the year it was written. Generally it should consist of four numerals,
such as 1984, although the standard styles can handle any year whose
last four nonpunctuation characters are numerals, such as '(about
1984)'.