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Monday, 19 November 2012

EVOLUTION OF MOTORCYCLES

A steam velocipede
built by inventor Sylvester H. Roper in 1867 may be the earliest
known motorcycle. The coal fired steam engine unit is part of a
specially built chassis rather than an add-on and had no pedal crank.
While Roper’s two-wheeled inventions never found commercial
success, his innovations provided inspiration and direction for
inventors in the gas-powered motorbike era at the turn of the
century.A
steam velocipede built by inventor Sylvester H. Roper was exhibited
and demonstrated at New England fairs and circuses by 1869.

The
motorcycle, built in 1884 by an Englishman named Edward Butler,
looked pretty silly. It had three wheels, not two, and was really
just a tricycle with a motor. Nevertheless, people were afraid of
Butler’s motorcycle so afraid that they asked the government to
pass laws against the new machine. One law said that there must
always be three people on a motorcycle. Another said that a man with
a red flag must run ahead of the motorcycle, waving the flag and
yelling to warn people that a motorcycle was coming.

At
about the same time, a German named Gottlieb Daimler invented another
kind of motorcycle. Nicolaus Otto, who invented the Otto Cycle, had
an assistant, Gottlieb Daimler. Daimler left Otto to develop his own
engine. Gottlieb Daimler (who later teamed up with Karl Benz to form
the Daimler-Benz Corporation) is often credited with building the
first motorcycle in 1885, one wheel in the front and one in the back,
although it had a smaller spring-loaded outrigger wheel on each side.
It was constructed mostly of wood, with the wheels being of the
iron-banded wooden-spooked wagon-type, definitely a "bone-crusher"
chassis.

It
was indeed powered by a single-cylinder Otto-cycle engine, and may
have had a spray-type carburetor. (Daimler's assistant, Wilhelm
Maybach was working on the invention of the spray carburetor at the
time). Paul Daimler, Gottlieb’s young son, was the first to give
his dad’s motorcycle a test drive. His daughter is also said to
have taken it for a spin, but cracked it up into a tree.

He
drove it with his engine instead of with a pedal arrangement. But
there was a catch: Daimler's motorcycle had two small stabilizing
wheels --like a kid's training bike. It was actually a four-wheeled
vehicle. Daimler soon went on to build early automobiles. He left it
to bicycle builders to develop the two-wheeled motorcycle.The
first really successful production two-wheeler though, was the
Hildebrand & Wolfmueller, patented in Munich in 1894. In 1897 a
gasoline tricycle built by Louis S. Clarke of Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. This is a remarkably modern-looking tricycle, converted
to self-propulsion by the addition of a single-cylinder gasoline
engine mounted just forward of the rear axle.

In
1901, a bicycle racer Oscar Hedstrom designed a motorcycle for the
Hendee Manufacturing Company of Springfield, Massachusetts, which
later became the Indian Motorcycle Company.In
1903, 21-year old William S. Harley and 20-year old Arthur Davidson
made available to the public the first production Harley-Davidson®
motorcycle. The bike was built to be a racer, with a 3-1/8 inch bore
and 3-1/2 inch stroke. The factory in which they worked was a 10 x
15-foot wooden shed with the words "Harley-Davidson Motor
Company" crudely scrawled on the door. The only American
motorcycle manufacturer still in existence from the early days is the
HarleyDavidson Motor Company, which celebrated its centennial in
2003.