["itemContainer",{"xmlns:xsi":"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance","xsi:schemaLocation":"http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd","uri":"http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/items/browse?tags=Honduras&sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CCreator&output=omeka-json","accessDate":"2018-02-21T23:04:53-08:00"},["miscellaneousContainer",["pagination",["pageNumber","1"],["perPage","12"],["totalResults","3"]]],["item",{"itemId":"1599","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"840"},["src","http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/e6ebd6d0938dbd8d243e5e9a36483860.pdf"],["authentication","c40d70cec870c586538e563cd8419353"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"324"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30170"},["text","SELF DETERMINATION AND T ERRITORY\n\nInterview with\n\nTeofilo Lacayo\nGarifuna leader of the Honduran Northcoast\norganization lseri Lidawamari (New Dawn).\n\nGarifuna in the North coast region have carried out a cons1ant struggle\nto recover confisc.a ted lands\n\nT\n\nhe Garifuna live in 46 coastal\ncommunities in Northern Hon\n\nduras, an area shared b)• Pech\nand Misquito peoples as well as ladino\ncolonists. They draw their history back\nto a mixing of Caribbean islanders and\nescaped West African slaves, both of\nwhom were displaced through British\ncolonization efforts. lseri Udawamari\nis afftliated with CAH DEA (the NGO\nworking wilh all the different lndig·\nenous groups in Honduras).\nThe Ga1i funa traditional!)' lived\nfrom fishing and ctiltivatingyucca from\n\nSarah England conducted this interview\nin April, 1994 as part of graduate research in ya Yala News\n\n�SELF DETERMINATION AND T ERRITORY\n\n'The mother earth, withinthe philosophy\nof lseri Lidawamari. should not be sold. it\nshould remain so that the generations that\nfollow us have the space to be ableto\ndevelop themselves.\"\n\nraised in this community. Those did\nnot exist here before. Those belong to\ncultures copied from the city, copied\nfrom idiOS)mCrasies external to the\nGg;linsl humanity.\na concession to exploit !be . - - - - - - - - - - - .\n\"lbe Spanish gave us the\nSAUC: Do you have a\njungle of Anwquitia, a\nname Xiquaques because\nrelllionship with tbe\nvirgin jungle. I believe\nwe were not easily tamed\nfarmill8 sectOr?\nthat in Centnl America\nso we decided to keep the\nMauricia: There have\nthis is the mos1 luxurious\nname, always rebels.\"\nbeen conOiCis with 1be\nand mos1 dense tropical\n&nners wbo have come\nforcsl.\ninto our lands by force.\nSAIIC: Have you tried 10 exploit those re- The Union of Fann Workers (UTC), wanted\nto come into Yoroand therewas a very serious\nsources?\nMauricia: The govemment tires. There is a confrontation. We know that this was not the\nlaw called the law of Honduran Corporation desire or the fam>ers themselves but rather of\nand Forest Development that says that the some of the leaders and some of the catUe\nforests belong 10 the state, independent of the ranchers, and although we were in jtil for\nfaCithatthesc lands may be private lands. So several days, we earned respeCI for the aunow lbc government has the autonomy to sell tonomy of thelndigtoous people. Now, even\nlbc forests of our communities. Butlbcsc bas lbc coffee gtOWers have to eonsull with us\nbeen much resistanc:e. In some cases lbc before lbcy can mechanize tbeir planta~\nIndigenous peopk have said that it was lbc\nresponsibilityoflbcgove~iflbesepcople SAUC: Do you have traditional forms of\nentered and later found lbci r machinesburned. OesofYoro,EINegrito,Oianchito,Mozaran,\nandotbers. TheCoogJCSSofTribeswascstablishcd and tbestalules were made. There were\nmany discussions about the name of the federationbecause many said we were TolupGOCS\nand nOI Xicaques. the SpGnisb gave us the\nname ~Xicaques\" because we were noteasily\nlamed sowe decided to keep the name, always\nrebels.\nSAUC: What isthename, then,oflbcfcderatioo you belong to?\nMauricia: Federation of Xicaque Tnl>es of\nYoro, FETROO.\nSAUC: Do you belong to any confederation?\nMauricia; This work came after FETROO.\n\nWe begao to realize that on tbeone band lbcre\nwere the Mislcitos and on theOiher,tbe l..enkas\nand others, so, with the help of some university students, anthropologists, that always\nstudy us, we managed to have the Fitsl Gathering of lbc Indigenous Peoples of Honduras\nin 1987, one year after having formed\nFETROO,. In 1988 we held the Soeend Eocounter from which a provisional committee\nfor lbcconfcderation was born, and where we\nrealized that there wereotbcrolgilnizcdgroups.\nThcThirdEocounterwasbeld in Yoroandlbc\nFourth in Tegucigalpa when our leader,\nVicente Malule, was assassinated . Bctv.-.en\n\n27\n\n�thesecrelat)' and they said that we were going secrelat)' and they tell him what to do. But we\nto be dead. Butthefive, two women and three don't wish to make a parallel organization of\nmen, were from different oounciJs.\nwomen because we believe, and this is a\ncustom of the Xieaqucs, that women without\nSAllC: Does the intimidation oontinue?\nmen can do nothing. and equally men without\nMaurieia: The other day I reeeivod a call women. Even though \"machismo\" always\nsaying: Maurieia Rivera de Zubirana is pay- exists, we resist by saying: \"Don't walk in\ning someone to kill you and two other leaders front of me, don't fall behind, let's walk\nof the tribe. But I don't know...who knows? together\".\nWe have no prolcction. I oould believe that\nthe Police are protecting me but it's just as SAIIC: How is your spiritual life? Is there\nlikely that they are investigating me. The much Catholic influence?\nPolice are like that always. The fodcration has Mauricia: There is a lot of inllueoee; little of\nbeen given many diplomas of reoognition but our spirituality remains. The Evangelists\nyou sec that it's all politics. The deputy of introduce themselves into our oommunities\nYoro is the one that exploits the Plangrande and putthem to sleep. Theydon'twaotpeople\ntribe. He is a landholder, the deputy, so how going to meetings. They say it's a sin to\nare we going to register aoomplaint ifheis the promote the development of the community,\none who is exploiting us? There arc Indig- that the riches arc in heaven, that the poor are\nenous zones, where more than 200 non-Indig· blessed. They put all this in pooples' heads so\ncnous families live, that they want to tum into they later say: \"But well, this is how God\n1986 and 1992 wcformed the Confederation municipalities. There are schools, electric wants me to Hve\". I don't go to mass. Priests\nof Autochthonous Peoples of Honduras light, roads, and even though we have prop- have oome to visit me and ask why I have not\n(CONPA).\nerty tiUcs, we indigenous peoples live cling· baptized my children. I teU them I don't\ning to the cliffs. We have resistod du.ring three interfere in their spiritual lives. I don't want it\nSAIIC: Wbat lod to the assassination of regimes because we are the legal owners.\nand my children don't otiss it.\nViccnteMatuteandthereprcssion? Weknow\nvarious Indigenous leaders have diod. Who SAIIC: What is the situation of women in SAllC: Do you have hope in the Continental\nare the repressors?\nrelation to the organizations?\nIndigenous Movement now that you have\nMauricia: FETRIXI is the only organization made oontaet? Do you think you should unite\nMauricia: [The repressors arc) the land hold· that has three , - -- - - - -- - -, with the Indigenous pooples of\n\"We have no protection.\ners and the cattle ranchers of Yoro. We women oo lbe\nAmerica?\nI cou.ld believe that the\nrealized only at the end that themililat)' killod hoard. Five men\nMauricia: The principal goal of\npolice arc protecting me\nVicente. There is a whole tribe that is under and three women,\nCONPA is to bring our forces to·\nbut its just as likely that\nthe oontrol of a general of the Annod Forces andwebelievethat\ngether, search for our ancestral\nthey are invcsti.g ating\nof Honduras. Vicente was a very bonOS! and in lhe next term\npas~ and oommunicate with all\nme.\"\nquiet man and in a meeting with president there will be four.\nIndigenous peoples of America.\nCalleja-we have the video and the tape reoord- Women participate\nWe know that we are not all the\nsame, but we know what we want\ning-said that he wou.ld not he surprisod if the in decision makIndigenous peoples of the Sao Francisoo tribe ing, whethertbc men like itornot.UI see that at lhe continental level.\ngo into a field to get their firewood and are it is in favor of the majority, then that is my\nhangod and taken away. ApparenUy they decision. Since 1987, womenleave the house SAIIC: Anything else?\nkillod biro for talking like that\nand go to the assembly. Because the wo!SI Mauricia: I want us to prepare ourselves so\nproblem is that women stay in their bouse, and ou.r rights as women are respected, so we are\nSAJJC: Have~other leaders been assassi· how are they going to be taken intoacoount if given the space that has long been dcniod to\nnatod? •\ntheydon'tgo tothesessions? Noone is going us. Tbisdoesnotmeao wewaottotakeit from\nMauricia: In 199l,theyearthey killodVicente, to oome to the house to tell them: \"we named men, we want to be given an equal opportuthey advisod us that they were going to kill you Cacique\". In other oommunitics, there nity. Greelings to all the Indigenous women\nfive of us and that's whatthey did. They said are no women in lbc organizations. In of theoontinent and let's keep going forward\nit would be those of the directive hoard. I was FETRIXl there arewomen who have a mao as because the struggle is ours.\n\n28\n\nAbya Yala News\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"41"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23329"},["text","Vol. 7, nos. 3-4 (Fall/Winter 1993)"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23576"},["text","Interview with Mauricia Castro"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23577"},["text","Journal Article"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23578"},["text","Fall and Winter 1993"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23579"},["text","English"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"46480"},["text","English"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","Zotero"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"314"},["name","Title"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23580"},["text","Interview with Mauricia Castro"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"217"},["name","Item Type"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23581"},["text","Journal Article"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"319"},["name","Volume"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23582"},["text","7"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"264"},["name","Issue"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23583"},["text","3,4"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"283"},["name","Pages"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23584"},["text","26-28"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"293"},["name","Publication Title"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23585"},["text","Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"221"},["name","ISSN"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23586"},["text","1071-3182"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"246"},["name","Date"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23587"},["text","Fall and Winter 1993"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"269"},["name","Language"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23588"},["text","English"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"222"},["name","Abstract Note"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23589"},["text","An interview between SAIIC and Mauricia Castro the president of FETRIXI about her involvement in the Federation of Xicaque Tribes of Yoro, the state of Honduras, and rights of her fellow country women."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"322"},["name","Attachment Title"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23590"},["text","Interview_With_Mauricia_Castro.pdf"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"323"},["name","Attachment URL"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"23591"},["text","[No URL]"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"80"},["name","FETRIXI"]],["tag",{"tagId":"55"},["name","Honduras"]],["tag",{"tagId":"81"},["name","ILO"]],["tag",{"tagId":"83"},["name","Indigenous women"]],["tag",{"tagId":"78"},["name","Mauricia Castro"]],["tag",{"tagId":"18"},["name","saiic"]],["tag",{"tagId":"82"},["name","Women's Rights"]],["tag",{"tagId":"79"},["name","Xicaques"]]]],["item",{"itemId":"1505","public":"1","featured":"0"},["fileContainer",["file",{"fileId":"747"},["src","http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/files/original/1309161250b756654d84c998a0ac3589.pdf"],["authentication","c8c23b7a70c77de5aa6d6cfbf5c2e102"],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"6"},["name","PDF Text"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"324"},["name","Text"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"30078"},["text","ASSASSINATION\nOF INDIAN\nLEADERS IN\nHONDURAS\n(Honduras) Vicente Motute and his colleague Francisco\nGuevara were killed September 30. They were both leaders of the\nXicoque people and Vicente Motute was president of the Federation\nof the Xicoque Tribe (FETRIXI), the president of the Honduran Advisory Council for the Development of Autochthonous Ethnic People\n(CAHDEA), and the general coordinator of the Commission for the\nConfederation of Ethnic People of Honduras. The tribe has been\ndeveloping legal claims to the government and landowners who\nhove been increasingly encroaching on Indian lands to cut timber.\nlawsuits were sucoessful in providing legal rulings and precedents\nfor retention of indigenous control over their lands.\nThe news was reoeived by the Committee for the Defense of\nHuman Rights in Honduras (CODEH) and the Committee of Relatives\nof the Disappeared People of Honduras (COFADEH).\nOn September 30, 1991, of about 5:00 AM in Plan Grande\nVillage, in the Deportment of Yoro, the two leaders of the indigenous peoples of Tolupon (Xicoque) were executed while travelling\nin o truck. They were both • riddled with bullets when they\ndeoeloroted in order to cross o narrow pass. The perpetrators were\nstoked out nearby, in the shrubs of the pass.\"\nThe assassinations ore evidently the result of declarations\nmode by the two leaders at o press conference lost September 18th,\nin which they drew attention to death threats by landowners\nEugenio Chavez, Nondo Murillo and the mayor of Duloe Nombre\nde Culmi, Silvio Morin Juarez, against 130 families of the Pech\nTribe, located in the Municipality of Duloe Nombre of Culmi,\nOlancha Province. At this conferenoe, Motute declared that the\nXicoque Tribe of the Yoro deportment fooe similar problems, adding\nthat one of FETRIXI's members, Marcelino Polonce, was wounded by\nSource: AFSC\ntwo men dressed in civilian clothing.\n\nPlease urge the Honduran Government:\n1) To defend and guarantee the right to life of the inhobitonb of Honduras,\nas provided few in the Inter American Convention on Humon Rights,\n2) To investigate and clarify these extrajudicial execvtions and to punish the\nparties found responsible.\nSend your pleas to:\nRafael Callejas, Presidente de Ia Republica\nPalacio Nocionol, T\negucigalpa, Honduras\n\nPhone: 011·504·22·82087, Fox: 011-504-37·96-56.\n\n32\n\nFirst National Encounter\nof Indigenous People\nand Campesinos\nHeld in EJ Salvador\n(EI Salvador) The First\nNational Encounter of Indigenous\nPeople and Campesinos was held in\nSonsonate on September 6-8, and\norganized by the National Association of Indigenous Peoples (ANIS),\nthe Anthropological Center of El\nSalvador (ClADES), and the Ecumenical Ministry for Development\nand Peace (MEDEPAZ). The main\nthemes were: appropriate technology,\nindigenous legislation, ecology and\nculture. Among the participants were\ninternational organizations, government representatives and the national\n\npress.\nThe goal of the meeting was\nto recuperate indigenous cultural\nvalues such as language, history and\noverall culture, in order to promote\ndevelopment on education, ecology\nand appropriate technologies which\ncan apply to indigenous cultures as\nwelt as to the rest of the nation. This\nwas an effort initiated by the indigenous peoples and the campesinos of\nEl Salvador. Among the activities\nwere the inauguration of an indigenous school, workshops on human\nrights, indigenous rights, and indigenous legislation, and appropriate\ntechnologies and natural resources.\n\nSAIIC Newsletter\n\n�"]]]]]]]]],["collection",{"collectionId":"42"},["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24067"},["text","Vol. 6, nos. 1-2 (Spring/Summer 1991)"]]]]]]]],["elementSetContainer",["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"1"},["name","Dublin Core"],["description","The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/."],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"50"},["name","Title"],["description","A name given to the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24358"},["text","Assassination of Indian Leaders in Honduras"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"51"},["name","Type"],["description","The nature or genre of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24359"},["text","Journal Article"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"40"},["name","Date"],["description","A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24360"},["text","Summer 1991"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"44"},["name","Language"],["description","A language of the resource"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24361"},["text","English"]],["elementText",{"elementTextId":"46524"},["text","English"]]]]]],["elementSet",{"elementSetId":"5"},["name","Zotero"],["description"],["elementContainer",["element",{"elementId":"314"},["name","Title"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24362"},["text","Assassination of Indian Leaders in Honduras"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"217"},["name","Item Type"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24363"},["text","Journal Article"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"319"},["name","Volume"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24364"},["text","6"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"264"},["name","Issue"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24365"},["text","1,2"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"283"},["name","Pages"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24366"},["text","32"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"293"},["name","Publication Title"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24367"},["text","Abya Yala News: Journal of the South and Meso American Indian Rights Center (SAIIC)"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"221"},["name","ISSN"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24368"},["text","1071-3182"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"246"},["name","Date"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24369"},["text","Summer 1991"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"269"},["name","Language"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24370"},["text","English"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"222"},["name","Abstract Note"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24371"},["text","Indian leaders are attacked for speaking out against government encroachments onto their land."]]]],["element",{"elementId":"322"},["name","Attachment Title"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24372"},["text","abyayala_v06n01_02_p032.pdf"]]]],["element",{"elementId":"323"},["name","Attachment URL"],["description"],["elementTextContainer",["elementText",{"elementTextId":"24373"},["text","[No URL]"]]]]]]],["tagContainer",["tag",{"tagId":"55"},["name","Honduras"]],["tag",{"tagId":"178"},["name","paramilitary attacks"]]]]]