***Tenaska Plant Seeks to Be Sited in South Huntingdon,
Westmoreland County***

Petition !! Please forward to your
lists!

Please share the attached
petition with residents of Westmoreland and all bordering counties. We ask each of you to help us by sharing
the petition with your email lists and any group with which you are affiliated.
As stated in the petition, Westmoreland County cannot meet air standards for
several criteria. Many areas of Westmoreland County are
already listed as EPA non-attainment areas for ozone and particulate matter
2.5, so the county does not have the capacity to handle additional emissions
that will contribute to the burden of ozone in the area as well as health
impacts.According to the American Lung
Association, every county in the Pittsburgh region except for Westmoreland
County had fewer bad air days for ozone and daily particle pollution compared
with the previous report. Westmoreland County was the only county to score a failing grade for particulate matter.

The Tenaska gas plant will add
tons of pollution to already deteriorated air and dispose of wastewater into
the Youghiogheny River.Westmoreland
County already has a higher incidence of disease than other counties in United
States.Pollution won’t stop at the
South Huntingdon Township border; it will travel to the surrounding townships
and counties.

Sierra Club seeks an order reversing Defendant’s
December 29, 2010, final order in Docket No. 2009-1093-AIR.1 The order
authorizes the construction and operation of a new solid fuel-fired power plant
by approving the application of Tenaska Trailblazer Partners, L.L.C. (Tenaska,
Trailblazer, or Applicant) for state and federal air pollution permits.

This new facility is a large
solid fuel-fired electric generating unit, or power plant, to be constructed in
Nolan County, Texas. The Tenaska facility will generate about 900 megawatts
(MW) of electricity and is authorized to emit over 9,207 tons per year of
criteria air pollutants.2

While under the jurisdiction of the State
Office of Administrative Hearings, the proceedings bore SOAH docket number
582-09-6185. 2 There are several “criteria” pollutants: carbon monoxide, lead,
particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 micrometers, particulate
matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers, nitrogen oxides, ozone,
and sulfur oxides. For each of these air pollutants, National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) have been established by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and are adopted through the Commission’s rules. See e.g 30 TEX.
ADMIN. CODE § 101.21 (“The National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality
Standards as promulgated pursuant to section 109 of the Federal Clean Air Act,
as amended, will be enforced throughout all parts of Texas.”) Criteria
pollutants must be evaluated prior to obtaining a PSD permit.

1.

Filed
11 March 14 IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS

.3
The facility will also emit an estimated 6.1 million tons per year of the
greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2).

At the heart of this
lawsuit, Sierra Club alleges the approval of the permit application was made in
violation of:

b.the requirements for a
preconstruction application and approval by TCEQ, including:

i)Deficient information and legal
bases for the findings related to hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and the
corresponding maximum achievable control technology (MACT) determination.

ii)Deficient information and legal bases
for the findings related to prevention of significant deterioration (PSD)
review and the corresponding best available control technology (BACT)
determination.

iii)Failure to consider and minimize the
impact of greenhouse gas emissions. II.DISCOVERY

1.This case is an appeal of an
administrative agency’s actions, and therefore based on the administrative
record. Designation of a level of discovery is not applicable. If discovery
becomes necessary, it should be controlled by Level 3. TEX. R. CIV. PROC. §
190.4.

At the request of the coal industry, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) plans to hold a hearing in Pittsburgh on July 31st about the new
rule to restrict carbon pollution from existing power plants.

We can expect the coal industry
to flood the hearing, so we will need to show the EPA - and the world -
Pennsylvanian's support a strong carbon pollution rule.

HOW TO GET INVOLVED

Testify: Testify at the hearing and
we will be available to help you with your testimony. To testify request a
time: contact Pamela Garrett at 919-541-7966 or at garrett.pamela@epa.gov.

***Letters to the editor are important and one of the best ways to share
information with the public. ***

***Health Survey Allegheny County-What Are Your
Concerns-Fracking

From Sierra Club:Our lead item this week is a call for people
to urge the Allegheny County Health Department to include fracking of County
Parks in the list of health concerns that need to be addressed.

The Allegheny County Health
Department is conducting a survey through the end of June 2014 to determine
County residents' concerns about public health matters. This is the same Health
Department that refused to study the health effects of fracking before the
County leased Deer Lakes Park by a 9-5 vote on May 6, 2014 to Range Resources.
In fact, ACHD Director Dr. Karen Hacker stated at a County Council Parks
Committee meeting on April 16, 2014 that as far as she knew, there were no
scientific studies about fracking and public health.

Protect
Our Parks (www.protectparks.org) is a broad coalition of individuals,
grassroots groups, and environmental organizations working to prevent toxic
fracking of the public parks in Allegheny County. Please take a few seconds to
help us send a message to Dr. Karen Hacker about her responsibility to protect
public health by answering her survey.

Here's how to do it:

•Go to www.achd.net/survey.html

•Click on "Take the survey." in the
middle of the page.

•Because the survey doesn't list shale gas
extraction as an option, find the box at the bottom for "Other (please
specify)".

•Write a few words, something to the effect
of "the dangers of leasing County Park land for fracking"

•Sign your name, type in your zip code, and
click "Next" at the bottom of the page. You're done!

It's
a simple as that. Once you've done it, please ask other Allegheny County
residents to help, too.

Thanks for your support,Protect Our Parks

www.protectparks.org

***SeeTenaska Petition
at the top of the Updates

***Petition- Help the Children of Mars School District

Below
is a petition that a group of parents in the Mars Area School District are
working very hard to get signatures.Please take a moment to look at the petition and sign it.It only takes 5 minutes.We are fighting to keep our children,
teachers, and community safe here and across the state of Pennsylvania.

Please share this with your
spouses, friends, family, and any organizations that would support this
cause.We need 100,00 signatures
immediately, as the group plans to take the petition to Harrisburg within a
week.

I
created a petition to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) which says:

"We, the undersigned, in conjunction with the public
comment period currently underway, call on the EPA to conduct public hearings
in areas where fracking operations are either occurring or have occurred so
that we may voice our concerns over the lack of full disclosure of the fracking chemicals used in hydraulic
fracturing. (Docket number EPA-HQ-OPPT-2011-1019)"

Gov. Corbett just lifted the
moratorium on leasing our state parks and forests for fracking. Our legislators
could stop him--but only if you act now. Send a message to your legislators
today.

Gov. Corbett just lifted a
three-year moratorium on leasing of state forests and parks for gas drilling.

He is hoping we’ll all just
forget about the ways fracking has already devastated Pennsylvania. We’re no
fools. We know more drilling means more blowouts, more spills of toxic fracking
wastewater, and more ruined landscapes.

The governor’s order will allow
drilling under our state parks for the first time. The Legislature is the last
line of defense for our state parks and forests--and that’s why I need you to
act immediately.

Tell
your state representative and state senator to fight Gov. Corbett’s effort to
open more of our state parks and forests for fracking.

Already more than 700,000 acres of our state forests
have been leased for gas drilling. That’s more than 40 percent of our existing
state forestlands.

But the drillers want
more--and sadly, Gov. Corbett is happy to hand it to them.

Tell the Legislature to stop this
wrong-headed idea.

It
just makes sense: Our parks are some of the best natural places in our state.
They should not be sold off for private gain and put at risk.

We
cannot stand back and watch as more of our state is opened to drilling.

“The PA DEP announced the first
public hearing on forced pooling in PA to be held in less than two weeks.We're pushing on the DEP to postpone
the hearings and address the many problems we have with their current plans. In
the meantime, we're circulating a petition to the legislature calling on them
to strike forced pooling from the books in PA.

Forced pooling refers to the ability to drill under private property
without the owner's permission. It's legal in the Utica Shale in western PA,
but the industry has not made an attempt to take advantage of it until now.
Forced pooling is a clear violation of private property rights and should not
be legal anywhere.

I know I've asked a lot of you.
Unfortunately, we're fighting battles on many fronts and they just keep coming.
But with your help, we've made lots of progress, so I'm asking you to help me
again by signing and sharing this petition.”

“PA PUC for public utility status, a move that
would impact property owners and municipalities in the path of the Mariner East
pipeline. As a
public utility, Sunoco would have the power of eminent domain and would be
exempt from local zoning requirements. A December 2013 PA Supreme
Court ruling overruled Act 13’s evisceration of municipal zoning in gas
operations and upheld our local government rights. We petition PA PUC to uphold the Pennsylvania Constitution and deny
public utility status to the for-profit entity, Sunoco.

In order to ship natural gas
overseas, you've got to liquefy it. The process is a very dangerous one. LNG
facilities that serve domestic energy needs already exist. An incident at one
of them in Plymouth, Washington in March forced everyone within a two-mile
radius of the facility to evacuate. The risks it poses are not limited to the
area surrounding the facility, however. Fracking
to extract the gas from the shale and then moving it by pipeline to the LNG
facility damage the environment and put health and safety at risk.

The Plymouth facility is located
in a fairly remote area, however. The proposed Cove Point LNG export facility
in Maryland is a different story. There are 360 homes within 4,500 feet of the
facility and there's only one road in and one road out of the area. Oh, and the
facility is adjacent to a public park. The Chesapeake Climate Action Network
prepared a fact sheet on Cove Point with lots more information.

At present, the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC) is considering what the environmental impacts of the Cove
Point LNG facility might be. FERC is notorious for rubber-stamping projects and
downplaying their environmental impacts. Just last week, a U.S. Circuit Court
ruled that FERC acted improperly when it overlooked environmental impacts by
looking at a proposed pipeline one segment at a time, rather than as a whole.
It is a decision that is likely to have reverberations that are felt within the
commission for some time.

The ruling comes at an important
time because FERC is currently in the
process of downplaying the environmental impacts of the proposed Cove Point LNG
export facility. FERC is currently accepting comments on the environmental
review of the Cove Point project. The Department of Environmental Protection
and others called for an extension of the deadline, but FERC rejected their
requests yesterday. The comment period ends on Monday.

That means we only have a few more days to flood FERC with
comments telling them to conduct a full, comprehensive, and credible study
called an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Will you add your name to
my petition and share it with your friends?

Food and Water Watch has asked me
to reach out to see if we know anyone that tried to contact the Department of
Health regarding fracking related health issues.Please let me know if you can think of
anyone.

Nick Kennedy, Esq.

Community Advocate

Mountain Watershed Association

www.mtwatershed.com

724-455-4200 x 6

2.Hundreds Rally Against Fracking State Forests

“On June
17 hundreds of Pennsylvanians journeyed to Harrisburg, including a bus-load
from Pittsburgh. They went to protest
Governor Corbett’s move to fill a gap in the state budget with revenue from new
natural gas leases in PA parks and forests. At a rally in the Capitol
rotunda, scrolls containing close to 30,000 signatures were unfurled from the
balcony. Later, constituents lobbied almost 100 legislators. Among the speakers
at the rally were Sierra Club Chapter Chair Wendi Taylor and Chapter Director Joanne
Kilgour.

“We –
like the thousands of Pennsylvanians who have been struggling with the
on-the-ground realities of natural gas development – KNOW that there is no such
thing as non-surface impact drilling”, said Kilgour. “To suggest otherwise is a
misrepresentation of reality, and an insult to those who have lived with wells
on or near their property. From Sierra Club”

“Many chemicals used in fracking, can
disrupt not only the human body's reproductive hormones but also the
glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone receptors, which are necessary to maintain
good health, a new study finds. The results were presented Monday at the
joint meeting of the International Society of Endocrinology and the Endocrine
Society: ICE/ENDO 2014 in Chicago.

"Among the chemicals that the fracking industry
has reported using most often, all 24 that we have tested block the activity of
one or more important hormone receptors," said the study's presenting
author, Christopher Kassotis, a PhD student at the University of Missouri,
Columbia. "The high levels of
hormone disruption by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that we measured,
have been associated with many poor health outcomes, such as infertility,
cancer and birth defects."

Kassotis said spills of
wastewater could contaminate surface and ground water.

In earlier research, this group found that water
samples collected from sites with documented fracking spills in Garfield
County, Colorado, had moderate to high levels of EDC activity that mimicked or
blocked the effects of the female hormones (estrogens) and the male hormones
(androgens) in human cells. However, water in areas away from these gas-drilling sites showed
little EDC activity on these two reproductive hormones.

The new study extended the analysis to learn whether high-use fracking
chemicals changed other key hormone receptors besides the estrogen and androgen
receptors. (Receptors are proteins in cells that the hormone binds to in order
to perform its function.) Specifically,
the researchers also looked at the receptor for a female reproductive hormone,
progesterone, as well as those for glucocorticoid—a hormone important to the
immune system, which also plays a role in reproduction and fertility—and for
thyroid hormone. The latter hormone helps control metabolism, normal brain
development and other functions needed for good health.

Among 24 common fracking chemicals
that Kassotis and his colleagues repeatedly tested for EDC activity in human
cells, 20 blocked the estrogen receptor, preventing estrogen from binding to
the receptor and being able to have its natural biological response, he
reported. In addition, 17 chemicals inhibited the androgen receptor, 10
hindered the progesterone receptor, 10 blocked the glucocorticoid receptor and
7 inhibited the thyroid hormone receptor.

Kassotis cautioned that they have
not measured these chemicals in local water samples, and it is likely that the
high chemical concentrations tested would not show up in drinking water near
drilling. However, he said mixtures of these chemicals act together to make
their hormone-disrupting effects worse than any one chemical alone, and tested
drinking water normally contains mixtures of EDCs.

"We don't know what the
adverse health consequences might be in humans and animals exposed to these
chemicals," Kassotis said, "but infants and children would be most vulnerable
because they are smaller, and infants lack the ability to break down these
chemicals."

“Just to put things in
perspective for those hearing the concern trolling from the coal, oil, and
natural gas industries that implementing new federal emissions regulations and
a state severance tax on shale gas production will have serious consequences for
jobs and economic growth, the Bureau of
Labor Statistics says Mining and Logging (which includes all natural gas
employment, all coal employment, and employment in all the other extractive
industries) accounts for about 0.6% of employment in PA.

There are about 37,500
people employed in the extractive sector, out of 6,680,500 people employed in
Pennsylvania – about 0.6%.

That’s not nothing, but we’re
talking about a very tiny segment of the labor force. If you look at the
industries that most Pennsylvanians are sorted into, you’ll see the state
economy is overwhelmingly a service economy, and extractive industry isn’t
really that significant of an employer in comparison.

This is also significant for the
alcohol reform debate, where the 3000 or so full-time state store clerks make
up about 0.05% of state employment. Neither the EPA emissions or the severance
tax or privatizing the state liquor stores are going to have an important macro
impact on the state employment picture.

And that’s just talking about the
cost side. If you consider the employment upside for renewable energy firms,
grocery stores, and new liquor stores we’re probably talking about breaking
even or even gaining jobs on net.”

“….Both Knight and Dr. Katz say floods will
be more frequent. The industrialization and urbanization of America has led to
more trees being cut down; the consequences are greater erosion and more open
areas to allow rainwater to flow into streams and rivers. Waterway hazards,
because of flooding and increased river flow, will cause additional problems.
Heavy rains will cause increased pollution, washing off fertilizer on farmlands
into the surface water supply, extending into the Chesapeake Bay. Sprays on
plants and agricultural crops to reduce attacks by numerous insects, which
would normally stay localized, will now be washed into streams and rivers, says
Knight.

Pollution will also disrupt the aquatic
ecosystem, likely leading to a decrease in the fishing industry because of
increased disease and death among fish and other marine mammals, says Dr. Katz.

Another consequence of increased rainfall
is a wider spread of pollution from fracking operations, especially in the
Marcellus Shale.

Most of the 1,000 chemicals that can be
used in drilling operations, in the concentrations used, are toxic carcinogens;
because of various geological factors, each company using horizontal fracturing
can use a mixture of dozens of those chemicals at any one well site to drill as
much as two miles deep into the earth.

Last year,
drilling companies created more than 300 billion gallons of flowback from
fracking operations in the United States. (Each well requires an average of 3–5 million
gallons of water, up to 100,000 gallons of chemicals, and as much as 10 tons of
silica sand. Flowback is what is brought up after the initial destruction of
the shale. Most of that flowback, which
once was placed in open air pits lined with plastic that can tear and leak, are
now primarily placed into 22,000 gallon steel trailers, which can leak. In
Pennsylvania, drillers are still allowed to mix up to 10 percent of the volume
of large freshwater pits with flowback water.

In March 2013, Carizo Oil and Gas was
responsible for an accidental spill of 227,000 gallons of wastewater, leading
to the evacuation of four homes in Wyoming County, Pa. Two months later, a
malfunction at a well, also in Wyoming County, sent 9,000 gallons of flowback
onto the farm and into the basement of a nearby resident.

Rain,
snow, and wind in the case of a spill can move that toxic soup into
groundwater, streams, and rivers. In addition to any of dozens of toxic
salts, metals, and dissolvable organic chemicals, flowback contains radioactive
elements brought up from deep in the earth; among them are Uranium-238,
Thorium-232, and radium, which decays into radon, one of the most radioactive
and toxic gases. Radon is the second highest cause of lung cancer, after
cigarettes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

A
U.S. Geological Survey analysis of well samples (brine samples, jan http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2012/09/03/gas-well-waste-full-of-radium.html) collected in Pennsylvania and New York between 2009 and 2011 revealed
that 37 of the 52 samples had Radium-226 and Radium-228 levels that were 242
times higher than the standard for drinking water. One sample, from Tioga
County, Pa., was 3,609 times the federal standard for safe drinking water, and
300 times the federal industrial standard.

Radium-226, 200 times higher than
acceptable background levels, was detected in Blacklick Creek, a 30-mile long
tributary of the Conemaugh River near Johnstown, Pa. The radium, which had been
embedded deep in the earth but was brought up in flowback waters (during the
drilling process, jan), was part of a discharge from the Josephine Brine
Treatment Facility, according to research published in the peer-reviewed
journal Environmental Science & Technology.

Increased rainfall also increases the
probability of pollution from spills from the nation’s decaying pipeline
systems. About half of all oil and gas pipelines are at least a half-century
old. There were more than 6,000 spills from pipelines last year. Among those
spills were almost 300,000 gallons of heavy Canadian crude oil from a pipe in
Arkansas, and 100,000 gallons of oil and other chemicals in Colorado.

Increased truck and train traffic to move
oil and gas from the drilling fields to refineries along the Atlantic and Gulf
coasts has led to increased accidents. Railroad accidents in the United States
last year accounted for about 1.15 million gallons of spilled crude oil, more
than all spills in the 40 years since the federal government began collecting
data, according to the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration.
Many of the spills were in wetlands or into groundwater and streams.

A primary reason for increased rainfall
(as well as increases in hurricanes, tornadoes, ocean water rises, and other
long-term weather phenomenon) is because of man-made climate change, the result
of increased carbon dioxide from fossil fuel extraction and burning. It’s not a
myth. It’s not a far-fetched liberal hoax invented by Al Gore. About 97 percent
of the world’s climate scientists agree we are experiencing climate change, and
that the world is at a critical change; if the steady and predictable increase
in climate change, which affects the protection of the ozone layer, is not
reduced within two decades, it will not be reversible. Increased rainfall and
pollution will be only a part of the global meltdown.”

[Dr. Brasch is an award-winning
journalist and emeritus professor. He is a syndicated columnist, radio
commentator, and the author of 20 books, the latest of which is the
critically-acclaimed Fracking Pennsylvania, an overall look at the effects of
horizontal fracturing. He is a former newspaper and magazine reporter and
editor and multimedia writer-producer.]

“Range
Resources Corp. is lining up deals to ship natural gas and ethane it's pulling
from the Marcellus shale to export terminals and proposed petrochemical plants.

The Fort Worth-based energy
company, which has a large presence in Pennsylvania, announced Thursday it
signed several agreements involving planned pipeline projects, terminals and
ethane crackers. The agreements would last between five and 20 years.

The projects include:

•
Energy Transfer Partners' Rover Pipeline, which is expected to connect the
Marcellus and Utica shale fields in Pennsylvania, Ohio and West Virginia with
Canada and the Gulf Coast by 2017

•
The Sabine Pass LNG terminal in Cameron Parish, La., where Cheniere Energy Inc.
is building a liquefaction plant

“The Rover pipeline provides
Range flexibility in selling natural gas to high demand markets in Canada and
the Gulf Coast, while the LNG and ethane supply agreements further diversify
and strengthen our customer base with industry leading companies,” Range CEO
Jeff Ventura said in an announcement.”

Two
of Range Resources’ top executives have sold more than half of the stock they
owned in the corporation earlier this month, the Mideast Times
has reported.

The executive, Chief
Operating Officer Ray Walker Jr., sold 17,322 shares for more than $1.5
million. Walker still owns 15,975 shares of the company’s stock, valued at more
than $1.4 million, according to the report.

Following that sale, Poole
now directly owns 8,796 shares in the company, valued at approximately
$773,608.

The sale was disclosed in a legal filing with the SEC,
which is available at this link.”

Editor’s Note: Thoughts on
the stock sale? Could it have anything to do with all the high-profile
litigation in which the company is embroiled? Leave me a comment and let me
know what you think. -amanda

“……..With all that press you may have missed another cause for alarm:
radiation risks. The oil and gas-drilling boom, aided by the practice of
fracking, has unleashed billions of gallons and millions of tons of hazardous
radioactive waste into our environment – on a daily basis.

Fracking can bring to the
surface water that is laced with radioactive materials that were in the shale.
In small, dispersed quantities low-level radiation is not life threatening, but
what happens when those quantities are recycled, processed and start increasing
in the environment, and getting into the water we
drink, the fish we eat, and the soil in which our food grows?

Scientists are trying to figure
that out. But it’s a difficult process to track since fracking isn’t regulated
under most federal environmental laws like the Safe Drinking Water Act and the
Clean Water Act. That means industry is charge of policing itself a lot of the
time.

Another problem is that it’s
really hard to keep track of all the stuff that may become tainted by
radioactive materials in the drilling process. Millions of gallons of soupy
wastewater that flow back from wells after drilling and fracking can end up in
a number of places. Sometimes the wastewater is simply left in
lined or unlined pits to either evaporate or sink back into the ground. Other
times it is sent to water treatment plants and eventually released back into
rivers and streams. At times it is simply spilled or illegally dumped. It also
ends up contaminating drilling mud (a more solid waste from the process),
storage tanks, and equipment.

“Radionuclides
in these wastes are primarily radium-226, radium-228, and radon gas,” reports the EPA. “The radon is released to the atmosphere,
while the produced water and mud containing radium are placed in ponds or pits
for evaporation, reuse, or recovery.”

The fact that drilling for oil or gas increases
radiation is not news. Avner Vengosh, a professor of geochemistry at Duke University told Bloomberg News that we’ve
know that since the 1970s, but the pace and intensity of drilling now, combined
with the huge amount of wastewater, is taking the issue to a new level of
concern. “We are actually building up a
legacy of radioactivity in hundreds of points where people have had leaks or
spills around the country,” he said.

Vengosh was part of team of researchers that turned up
some troubling findings in ennsylvania, ground zero for hydraulic fracturing in
the Marcellus Shale. Their study, published in
the peer-reviewed journal Environmental Science & Technology, took samples over a two-year period from Blacklick Creek just below the
discharge from the Josephine Brine Treatment Facility, which accepted water
from drilling operations. They found that radium levels of wastewater from
fracking operations had been reduced in treatment by about 90 percent, but what was coming out of the plant
still exceeded upstream levels by 200 times.

“Such elevated
levels of radioactivity are above regulated levels and would normally be seen
at licensed radioactive disposal facilities, according to the scientists at
Duke University’s Nicholas school of the environment in North Carolina,” reported Felicity Carus for
the Guardian.

The biggest
threat is the bioaccumulation of radium. Small quantities can build up in the
environment, eventually posing a health hazard (especially if it ends up in
food we eat).

It also means that even if
you don’t have a drilling rig in your backyard or even your neighborhood, you
may still face some risks. As Carus wrote:

From January to
June 2013, the 4,197 unconventional gas wells in Pennsylvania reported 3.5m
barrels of fluid waste and 10.7m barrels of “produced” fluid. Most of that
waste is disposed of within Pennsylvania, but some of it is also went to other
states, such as Ohio and New York despite its moratorium on shale gas
exploration. In July, a treatment company in New York State pleaded guilty to
falsifying more than 3,000 water tests.

The Duke study came just two years after the New York
Times did an exhaustive search of thousands of government and industry
documents to try and assess how risky radioactive wastewater from fracking may
be.

“The documents
reveal that the wastewater, which is sometimes hauled to sewage plants not
designed to treat it and then discharged into rivers that supply drinking
water, contains radioactivity at levels higher than previously known, and far
higher than the level that federal regulators say is safe for these treatment
plants to handle,” Ian Urbina wrote for the Times.

“The Times also
found never-reported studies by the EPA and a confidential study by the
drilling industry that all concluded that radioactivity in drilling waste
cannot be fully diluted in rivers and other waterways.” They found that 116
wells produced wastewater with levels more than 100 times higher than safe
drinking water standards, and 15 wells were more than 1,000 times above the
limit.

“The radioactivity in the
wastewater is not necessarily dangerous to people who are near it. It can be
blocked by thin barriers, including skin, so exposure is generally
harmless,” wroteUrbina. “Rather, E.P.A.
and industry researchers say, the
bigger danger of radioactive wastewater is its potential to contaminate
drinking water or enter the food chain through fish or farming. Once radium
enters a person’s body, by eating, drinking or breathing, it can cause cancer
and other health problems, many federal studies show.”

The Duke study and the Times’ research both focused on
Pennsylvania, but the Marcellus region is not the only experiencing problems
with radioactive waste. In February, an abandoned building in Noonan, North
Dakota was found to contain bags of illegally dumped “filter socks” which are
used by the industry to filter liquids during oil production. The radiation
level from the material wasn’t high enough to be a health hazard unless people
ventured into the building but it signals a growing problem for boomtowns, the
likes of which have emerged across North Dakota’s Bakken shale. It’s not the
first time this kind of waste has been dumped — and the booming Bakken is
producing around 27 tons of filter socks a day, by one estimate.

And the problem persists across the country.

“While it’s unclear how much drilling waste is
produced nationally, state totals are rising. West Virginia landfills accepted
721,000 tons of drilling debris in 2013, a figure that doesn’t include loads
rejected because they topped radiation limits,” wrote Alex Nussbaum for
Bloomberg. “The per-month tonnage more than tripled from July 2012, when
records were first kept, through last December. In Pennsylvania, epicenter of the Marcellus boom, the oil and gas
industry sent 1.3 million tons to landfills last year.” Are those facilities
equipped to monitor and handle radioactive waste?

So the problem is not solved, it’s
simply trucked from one state to the next — increasing the area that may be
affected and the number of people. Meanwhile the grand experiment of fracking’s
effects on human health continues.”

“Four in 10
new oil and gas wells near national forests and fragile watersheds or otherwise
identified as higher pollution risks escape federal inspection, unchecked
by an agency struggling to keep pace with America's drilling boom, according to
an Associated Press review that shows wide state-by-state disparities in safety
checks.

Roughly
half or more of wells on federal and Indian lands weren't checked in Colorado,
Utah and Wyoming, despite potential harm that has led to effort in some
communities to ban new drilling.

In
New Castle, a tiny Colorado River valley community, homeowners expressed
chagrin at the large number of uninspected wells, many on federal land, that
dot the steep hillsides and rocky landscape. Like elsewhere in the West, water
is a precious commodity in this Colorado town, and some residents worry about
the potential health hazards of any leaks from wells and drilling.

"Nobody
wants to live by an oil rig. We surely didn't want to," said Joann
Jaramillo, 54.

Even
if the wells were inspected, she questioned whether that would ensure their
safety. She said many view the oil and gas industry as self-policing and
nontransparent.

"Who
are they going to report to?" she asked.

Government
data obtained by the AP point to the Bureau
of Land Management as so overwhelmed by a boom in a drilling technique known as
fracking, that it has been unable to
keep up with inspections of some of the highest priority wells. That's an
agency designation based on a greater need to protect against possible water
contamination and other environmental and safety issues.

"There certainly wasn't a shortage of
spills, leaks, pipeline failures and other problems," said Mr. Willis, who
now does consulting work for conservation and other groups.

"It's a disaster waiting to happen," he
said.

Officials
noted that money provided by Congress for oil and gas operations has declined
since 2007. During that period, the number of wells drilled on federal and
Indian lands has increased by roughly one-third.

"We're
trying to do the best we can with limited resources," Ms. Lance said.”

abandoned
wells across the country could be a bigger source of climate changing
greenhouse gases than thought.

The
study by Mary Kang, a Princeton University scientist, looked at 19 wells and
found that these oft-forgotten wells are leaking various amounts of methane.
There are hundreds of thousands of such oil and gas wells, long abandoned and
plugged, in Pennsylvania alone, and countless more in oil and gas fields across
the country. These wells go mostly
unmonitored, and rarely, if ever, checked for such leaks.

A growing list of studies conducted over the past three years has suggested that crude oil and
natural gas development, particularly in shale formations, are significant
sources of methane leaks — emissions not fully included in US EPA greenhouse
gas inventories because they are rarely monitored. Scientists say there is inadequate data available for them to
know where all the leaks are and how much methane is leaking.

Methane is about 34 times as potent as a climate change-fueling greenhouse gas than
carbon dioxide over a span of 100 years. Over 20 years, it’s 86 times more
potent. Of all the greenhouse gases emitted by humans worldwide, methane
contributes more than 40 percent of all radiative forcing, a measure of trapped
heat in the atmosphere and a measuring stick of a changing climate.

Kang directly measured leaks from the
abandoned wells and found that all 19 wells in the study tested positive for
methane leaks, some more than others.

She found that overall, the wells leak so much methane that if
leaks from all the abandoned wells in Pennsylvania are added up, the leaks
could account for between 4 percent and 13 percent of human-caused methane
emissions in the state.

But because of significant
uncertainty about the total number of abandoned and plugged wells that exist in
Pennsylvania, more study is needed to fully understand how common leaking
abandoned wells are in the state and how much methane they may emit.

Nobody
knows exactly how many abandoned oil and gas wells exist in Pennsylvania, but
the study says that historical records show there are between 280,000 and
970,000 abandoned oil and gas wells.

Kang’s study found that state
regulations do not appear to be effective at controlling methane emissions from
abandoned wells because the rules focus
on containing fluids, not gases, and the plugged wells are not required to be
monitored closely over time.

More study is needed of similar abandoned and plugged oil and
gas wells in other states for scientists to be able to estimate methane
emissions from similar wells elsewhere, Kang’s study says.

Kang
declined to comment because the study is currently under review by a scientific
journal and may be published later this summer.

Kang’s
is one of the few studies to clearly demonstrate and quantify methane leaks
from abandoned and plugged wells, said Cornell University biogeochemistry
professor Robert Howarth, who is known for his research into methane
emissions from natural gas operations.

When
estimating greenhouse gas emissions in the US, the EPA estimates gas leakage
from individual of oil and gas equipment during each step in the oil and gas
exploration and production process. That method is called a “bottom-up” approach, which estimates emissions being emitted on the
ground. The opposite method, called a “top-down” approach, estimates emissions
based on aerial measurements taken from above sources of greenhouse gas
emissions.

A
“bottom-up” approach is often flawed because it leaves out certain sources of
greenhouse gases that may leak from unexpected places, Howarth said.

“This
new study shows one of these left-out sources: the plugged and abandoned
wells,” he said.

Kang’s
study “supports what I and many others have been saying for many years, and
that’s this: There is methane leaking from oil and gas wells. Period,” said
Cornell University environmental engineering professor Anthony Ingraffea, who
has collaborated with Howarth on methane emissions research and is currently
analyzing Kang’s work.

The
study is further evidence that there is too little data available for
scientists to fully understand how much methane is leaking from oil and gas
fields in the US, both from producing wells and abandoned wells in addition to
natural gas distribution systems, he said.”

“The
PA DEP regulations say any shale well drilled and fracked below the Elk
sandstones, a stack of sand formations found above the Marcellus Shale in the
western Pennsylvania, is unconventional.

The
Elk sandstones were deposited about 375 million years ago, the and have served
as a border for the past several years between the traditional oil and gas
industry in PA and the growing Marcellus activity that the DEP was figuring out
how to regulate.That definition didn’t make everyone happy.
Geologists, for example, were trained to judge an unconventional well by the
nature of the rock it penetrates, not by where it sits relative to a particular
deposit.

Penneco Oil Co. in Delmont, Horizontal
Exploration in Indiana, Pa., and Warren County-based Pennsylvania General
Energy are among a handful of companies targeting sandstone formations above
the Elk with techniques currently common in unconventional wells.

Because
these formations are under less pressure, they require less power and fracking
fluid to develop. These wells are regulated as conventional — they pay less
money to the state and have a less stringent environmental burden placed on
them than fracked shale wells.

The
effort to keep it that way has become more urgent as traditional oil and gas
producers fight to stave off the recent regulations enacted to target Marcellus
and other shale development, such as tighter environmental controls, more
aggressive reporting requirements and fees.Last month, a group of Pennsylvania senators introduced legislation to
define conventional wells based on PIOGA’s suggested definition and to
expressly exclude them from regulations governing unconventional wells.

But the industry has evolved since day one, argues John Walliser,
vice president of legal and government affairs with the Pennsylvania
Environmental Council. Drilling
horizontally at shallower depth increases the risk of encountering abandoned
and unplugged wells, he said, which could allow gas and fluids to migrate into
drinking water aquifers or to the surface. There are also fewer barriers
between the activity in the well and the surface with a shallower well, he
argued. Defining everything above the Elk as conventional could mean all such
wells would face lower thresholds for environmental protection and
accountability.

“Any
operator, regardless of the size of the company, could conduct high-volume
fracturing at shallow depths and still be deemed ‘conventional’ — and thus
subject to reduced protection standards,” he wrote opposing the Senate bill in
May.”

12. Earthquake Strikes CO Area Second Time in One MonthWastewater
Injection Operation Halted

“The
Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (COOGC) has directed High Sierra
Water Services to stop disposing wastewater into a Weld County injection well
as a result of a 2.6 magnitude earthquake striking the area Monday morning,
about five miles away from Greeley, CO, the Colorado Independent reported. The earthquake
marked the second one in just one month.

High Sierra agreed to a 20-day halt after
University of Colorado seismologists found evidence of low-level seismic
activity near the injection site, including a 2.6-magnitude quake.

“In
light of the findings of CU’s team, we think it’s important we review
additional data, bring in additional expertise and closely review the history
of injection at this site in order to more fully understand any potential link
to seismicity and use of this disposal well,” COGCC Director Matt Lepore said.

To
environmentalists, the connection between injection and earthquakes is as
indisputable now as it was following the event on May 31.

“Better
safe than sorry—injecting fracking
wastewater has definitely caused earthquakes in other states and it could be
the cause here too, so it’s smart of COGCC to halt this activity,” said Gary
Wockner, an environmental activist based in Fort Collins, CO.

There are more than 24,000 wells
in Weld County. In the past 18 months, six cities with more than 400,000
citizens have approved fracking bans or moratoriums.”

We are very appreciative of donations, both
large and small, to our group.

With
your help, we have handed out thousands of flyers on the health and
environmental effects of fracking, sponsored numerous public meetings, and
provided information to citizens and officials countywide. If you would like to
support our efforts:

Checksto our group should be
made out to the Thomas Merton
Center/Westmoreland Marcellus Citizens’ Group. And in the Reminder line please
write- Westmoreland Marcellus Citizens’ Group. The reason for this is that
we are one project of 12 at Thomas Merton. You can send your check to:
Westmoreland Marcellus Citizens’ Group, PO Box 1040, Latrobe, PA, 15650. Or you
can give the check or cash to Lou Pochet or Jan Milburn.

To make a
contribution to our group using a credit
card, go to www.thomasmertoncenter.org.Look for the contribute
button, then scroll down the list of organizations to direct money to. We are
listed as the Westmoreland Marcellus Citizens’ Group.

Please be sure to write Westmoreland Marcellus Citizens’ Group
on the bottom of your check so that WMCG receives the funding, since we are
just one project of many of the Thomas Merton Center. You can also give your
donation to Lou Pochet or Jan Milburn.

Westmoreland Marcellus Citizen’s Group—Mission Statement

WMCG is a project
of the Thomas Merton Society

To
raise the public’s general awareness and understanding of the impacts of
Marcellus drilling on the natural environment, health, and long-term economies
of local communities.

Officers: President-Jan Milburn

Treasurer and Thomas Merton Liason-Lou Pochet

Secretary-Ron Nordstrom

Facebook Coordinator-Elizabeth Nordstrom

Science Advisor-Dr. Cynthia Walter

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news updates, please email jan at westmcg@gmail.com

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Westmoreland Marcellus

The Westmoreland Marcellus Citizens Group (WMCG) consists of citizens from Westmoreland County who are concerned about the potential impacts of deep gas well drilling in the county. On this blog you will find information about recent news articles and upcoming events.