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SCALABLE PEER-TO-PEER STREAMING FOR INTERACTIVE
APPLICATIONS
by
Leslie Shihua Liu
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Ful¯llment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(COMPUTER SCIENCE)
August 2007
Copyright 2007 Leslie Shihua Liu

Peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming is emerging as a viable communications paradigm. Recent research has focused on building efficient and optimal overlay streaming platforms at the application level.Peer-to-Peer systems, either fully distributed or hybrid, are well known for features such as high scalability and low cost to deploy. Popular applications such as Skype and Bittorrent can serve tens of thousands of concurrent users with only a few centralized servers. However, it is still a challenge job to design a P2P protocol to support large interactive streaming group where both low latency and high scalability are vital. We identified two important issues that could lead to a successful design for interactive streaming applications. First, many existing designs that aim to build a low-latency streaming platform often make the unreasonable assumption that the processing time involved at each node is zero. However in a real implementation, these delays can add up to a significant amount of time after just a few overlay hops and make interactive applications difficult. Second, scant attention has been paid to the fact that even the number of participants in a group could be large, each user may only actively interact with a subset of them at any given time. We term this sub-group of users who are actively interacting with each other inside this sub-group, an active group. Depending on the streaming scenarios, there can be one or more than one active groups in an application. Some applications have only one active group at any given time, for example, audio conferencing or class session for remote education. Some applications usually have more than one active groups, for example, a BBQ party hosted in a networked virtual environment where participants can wandering freely in the virtual space and chat with anybody they met. In this dissertation, we will present two peer-to-peer based platforms, namely ACTIVE and DSM, for low latency streaming.; ACTIVE platform is designed to provide low latency streaming to applications with only one active group at any given time. DSM can cluster users into multiple active groups based on the proximity of their virtual coordinates.; The performance of ACTIVE and DSM platform have been evaluated in simulations and application prototypes have been developed based on these designs. Those simulations and application prototypes are also described in this dissertation.

SCALABLE PEER-TO-PEER STREAMING FOR INTERACTIVE
APPLICATIONS
by
Leslie Shihua Liu
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Ful¯llment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(COMPUTER SCIENCE)
August 2007
Copyright 2007 Leslie Shihua Liu