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Lizard Bite Poisoning in Cats

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Lizard Venom Toxicity in Cats

In terms of lizards, the Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum) and the Mexican Beaded Lizard (H. horridum) are the only ones to be seriously concerned about. These lizards live almost exclusively in the American Southwest and Mexico.

While Gila Monsters and Mexican Beaded Lizards are normally docile and do not often attack, it is important to be aware of the danger if a bite does occur. These lizards have a tendency to bite hard and not let go. In order to release its bite, use a prying instrument to open the lizard's jaws. It has also been found that a flame held under the lizard’s jaw will cause it let go.

These lizards have about forty teeth, which are grooved and not attached to the jaws very firmly, allowing them to be broken off and regrown throughout their lives. There are two glands in the back of the lower jaw where the venom is stored in a pocket next to the outside teeth and then released through a duct when the lizard bites. The venom is then projected along the grooves of the teeth and into the victim. Salivation increases with the intensity of the anger of the lizard. When that occurs, the amount of venom injected into the victim also increases. Statistically, venom from bites will be deposited into a cat about 70 percent of the time.

The venom of the two lizards is very similar. However, in contrast to the venom of most snakes, it does not have an anticoagulant effect. Even so, it has been shown in lab tests to be just as potent as some rattlesnake venoms.

Symptoms and Types of Lizard Venom Toxicity

Bleeding from the wound

Low blood pressure

Swelling

Excessive salivation

Tearing of the eyes

Frequent urination and defecation

Weakness

Irregular heart rhythm

Extreme pain at the wound site

Loss of voice

Diagnosis of Lizard Venom Toxicity

Blood analyses, urinalyses, X-rays, and ultrasound results are usually normal but may be performed to rule out other diseases if the cause is in doubt. An EKG (electrocardiogram) to check for irregular heart rhythm will likely be necessary. Your cat’s blood pressure will also need to be checked.