Kirkbride Buildings - Worcester State Hospital

Worcester State Hospital

By the early eighteen-seventies, there was a general consensus that the old Worcester asylum building, opened in 1833,
had become inadequate for the state's needs. Merrick Bemis, the superintendent at the time, called for the
construction of a new asylum complex based on a group of smaller, decentralized buildings. Although initially
meeting with approval, his proposal was ultimately rejected and the more mainstream Kirkbride model was agreed
upon. This massive Kirkbride building was designed by the architect George Dutton Rand and completed in
1877 at the cost of well over a million dollars.

Today the Worcester State Hospital Kirkbride is mostly gone. Severely damaged by fire in 1991, large sections
of the building were torn down and only a few fragments remained standing. Even with Route 9, a large office park,
and the current hospital site nearby, the abandoned building was a peaceful place. It must have been even more
peaceful before the city grew up and around it. In spite of this peacefulness, the Kirkbride was somewhat ominous and
foreboding. The building looked more like some weird castle or fortress than a hospital. It's odd to think that the parties
involved felt this building would help create a calming or stabilizing influence.

In his book The State and the Mentally Ill, Gerald Grob argues that the building actually resembles a
prison and that this is not by chance. State asylums were becoming more custodial in nature when this Kirkbride was
constructed. The belief that mental illness was highly curable was being seriously questioned and asylums were being
built with a stronger focus on confinement rather than treatment.

In 2008, most of the remains of the Kirkbride were razed to make room for a new state psychitric hospital complex.
The clocktower still remains, as well as the rotunda known as Hooper Hall. There are no plans to tear those last remnants
of the Kirkbride down, but there are also no plans to renovate them and their future is uncertain.