Customs duties imposed on imports from specific countries in addition to the normal or preferential duty; such duties can be introduced where a subsidy is granted by the export country, provided such imports cause or threaten to cause material injury to Community producers of like products (Art. VI GATT and Reg. [EC] No 2026/97, OJ 1997 No L 288, p. 1)

A tax levied on an imported product which raises the price in the domestic market as a means of counteracting unfair trading practices by other countries. CENVAT It is a more liberal and extensive scheme than the erstwhile MODVAT SCHEME which allows instant CENVAT Credit to be taken of duties such as Excise Duty, CVD paid on inputs and capital goods received in a factory for the manufacture of any dutiable final product (except matches). This credit can be utilised to pay Excise duty on any final product.

(CVD) are duties levied by an importing country to offset public subsidies by an exporting country for the manufacture, production, or export of any merchandise after determining such a subsidy exists and that the subsidized import has caused, or threatens to cause, injury to domestic industry.

Additional duties imposed by an importing country to offset government subsidies in an exporting country, when the subsidized imports cause material injury to domestic industry in the importing country.

(USA) Duties which are assessed, in addition to regular duties, to offset the effects of foreign subsidies or bounties upon the export of merchandise to the United States which has been found to materially injure, or threaten material injury to, an American industry.

Countervailing duties are a means to restrict international trade in cases where imports are subsidized by a foreign country and hurt domestic producers. According to WTO rules, a country can launch its own investigation and decide to charge extra duties, provided such additional duties are in accordance with the WTO's Dispute Settlement System. Since countries can rule domestically whether domestic industries are in danger and whether foreign countries subsidize the products, the institutional process surrounding the investigation and determinations has significant impacts beyond the countervailing duties.