Estimation of Hydraulic Pressure in Water Networks Using Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy LogicMohammadKaramouzProfessor, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University, Karamouz@aut.ac.irauthorMassoudTabeshAssistant Professor, and Ph.D Student, respectively, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of TehranauthorSaraNazifAssistant Professor, and Ph.D Student, respectively, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of TehranauthorAliMoridiPh.D. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Amir Kabir Universityauthortextarticle2005perHydraulic pressure is one of the most significant parameters in optimizing water distribution networks. Its simulation and estimation are essential tools in water distribution network management due to the significant effects it has on certain parameters of these networks. As a result of water losses to leakage, not all the inflow to urban water networks is consumed. Water leakage results in losses of supply, pressure, and capital investment. It also has adverse effects on water transfer capability, water treatment, and other elements in the distribution process. Furthermore, water quality problems could result from pollution at leak points. It is, therefore, necessary to estimate the amount of leakage at each point as a function of pressure. In this paper, artificial neural network as a powerful and flexible mathematical tool is used to model pressure estimation based on reservoir head, node elevation, water consumption, and the amount of leakage at a given point. Part of Tehran metropolitan water distribution system is modeled and the EPANET2.0 software is used to estimate the pressure variations in the network. Two different artificial neural network models, namely, a multi-layered ANN and a fuzzy logic neural network (ANFIS) are used for this purpose. The results are analyzed and compared with those from EPANET.Journal of Water and Wastewater(parallel title ); Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers1024-593616

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2005314http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2079_8c4e57c80ed35c2a278d391004e4e319.pdfEffect of Sewage Sludge on Some Macronutrients Concentration and Soil Chemical PropertiesSakineVaseghiGrad. Student of Soil Science, Isfahan University of TechnologyauthorMajidAfyuniAssociate Professors of Soil Science, Isfahan University of TechnologyauthorHosseinShariatmadariAssociate Professors of Soil Science, Isfahan University of TechnologyauthorMostafaMobliAssociate Professor of Horticulture, Isfahan University of Technologyauthortextarticle2005perSewage sludge as an organic fertilizer has economic benefits. Land application of sewage sludge improves some soil chemical and physical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge on soil chemical properties and macronutrient concentration in acid and calcareous soils. The study was carried out in a greenhouse using factorial experiment design as completely randomized with three replications. Treatments included : four levels of 0 or control, 50, and 100, 200 ton ha-1 sludge and one level of chemical fertilizer (F) consisting of 250 kg ha-1 diammonium phosphate and 250 kg ha-1 urea, and soil including soils of Langroud, Lahijan, Rasht, and Isfahan. As a major vegetable , crop spinach (Spinacea oleracea) was grown in the treated soils. Soils samples were analyzed for their chemical properties after crop narvesting. Application of sewage sludge significantly increased plant available k, P, total N, organic matter, electrical conductivity and cation exchange in the soils. Soils pH significantly decreased as a result sewage sludge application. The effect of sewage sludge on plant yield was significant. Overall, the results indicated that sewage sludge is potentially a valuable fertilizer. However, the sludge effect on soil EC and heavy metals should be taken into consideration before its widespread use on cropland.Journal of Water and Wastewater(parallel title ); Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers1024-593616

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20051522http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2080_e134005603f0a4a965161687d2711cc9.pdfEffect of Irrigation with Wastewater on Certain Soil Physical and Chemical propertiesFarzadRohani ShahrakiFaculty Member of Natural Resources,Isfahan University of TechnologyauthorRasulMahdaviGrad. Students of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of TechnologyauthorMarziyehRezaeeGrad. Students of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technologyauthortextarticle2005perDepending on effluent characteristics, irrigation with wastewater plant effluent can be either beneficial or harmful. To investigate the effects of nine years of irrigation with North Isfahan Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent on physical and chemical properties of soil, a study was carried out using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included: 1) raw wastewater; 2) effluent from primary settling basin; 3) final plant effluent and 4) well water. To investigate soil physical and chemical properties, samples were taken from depths of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm from each plot. The results showed that raw wastewater COD and SS were higher than the Iranian Standard limits for use in irrigation. So were BOD5 and turbidity of effluent from primary sedimentation tanks. From the results obtained, the raw wastewater may be considered to be of medium quality. However, regarding other parameters such as EC, SAR, Na and Pb, the quality of the raw wastewater was considerably higher than that of well water. All treatments showed medium infiltrability with respect to chloride concentration. The concentration of lead in well water was higher than in treated wastewater. It should be noted that lead concentration in all samples was less than the standard limits. The average soil bulk density and percentage of moisture in FC did not follow any specific trend. The results indicate that the soil irrigated with effluent over the nine years had a lower bulk density, a higher percentage of moisture, and a lower infiltration compared to adjacent soil not irrigated with wastewater. Analysis of variance for all results did not confirm any significant differences among treatments.Journal of Water and Wastewater(parallel title ); Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers1024-593616

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20052329http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2081_39ea8b29cd01a7aec65b3a2f345d83d3.pdfEffect of Influent COD/N Ratio on Nitrification Rate in a Bench-scale Biological ReactorBijanBinaAssociate Professors of public Health, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesauthorHossinMovahedianAssociate Professors of public Health, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesauthorHamid RezaPourzamaniFaculty Member of public Health, Lorestan University of Medical Sciencesauthortextarticle2005perNitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate catalyzed by bacteria, is a key part of the global nitrogen cycle. In the first step of nitrification, chemolithoautotrophic ammonia oxidizers transform ammonia to nitrite, which subsequently oxidizes to nitrate by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. This process can be affected by several factors. In this study, the effect of influent COD/N ratio on nitrification rate in a bench-scale biological reactor was investigated. Experiments were carried out using synthetic wastewater. The initial ammonium concentration was 25 mg NH-N L1. The effect of COD/N ratio between 10.010.083 and 24.080.22 gCODgN-1 on nitrification rate was investigated by varying the COD loading supplied to the reactor. From the results obtained, it may be concluded that in the range of 10.010.083 to 14.150.17 gCODgN-1, a direct relationship holds between COD/N ratio and nitrification rate. However, an indirect relationship holds between COD/N ratio and nitrification rate at ratios above 14.150.17 up to 24.080.22 gCODgN-1.Journal of Water and Wastewater(parallel title ); Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers1024-593616

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20053036http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2082_baf1a5b2c590ad9b0bf08864b620c6b6.pdfThe Use of Light Expanded Clay Aggregates as a Biological Support in Waste water TreatmentAzadKavoosiGrad. Student of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of TechnologyauthorMehdiBorgheeiProfessor Associate of Chemical Engineering, Sharif University of Technologyauthortextarticle2005perThe Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) has been recently used in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment. MBBR is a kind of Bio-Filter with light packed bed. In this study, a mineral packing bed called Leca, a light expanded clay aggregate, was used as a biological support in the treatment of wastewater. The main objective of this study was to evaluate packed media for preparation of suitable beds for biological activity. Seventy percent of the reactor volume was filled with the packing media. Synthetic wastewater was made using sugar beet factory effluent. The influent COD in the range of 800 to 3200 mg/L was injected into the reactor at retention times of 12.16 and 24 hours. The results show that MBBR reactor is capable of removing 82% of soluble COD at a loading rate of 1.766 kg COD/m2. However, it was found that reducing the retention time from 24 h to 16 h and 12 h, reduces COD removal efficiency from 82% to 76% and 66%, respectively. It was also found that 78.2% of the overall COD removal is due to biofilm activity and the rest is related to the activity of the submerged microorganism.Journal of Water and Wastewater(parallel title ); Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers1024-593616

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20053747http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2083_8b69bf0138b220946d3f0bae97e081ee.pdfTreatability of Petrochemical Waste Using a Pilot Scale SBR SystemParvizMonajemi*Assistant Professor, and Former, Grad. Student of Civil Engineering, respectively, Shiraz UniversityauthorHassanKazemiکارشناس ارشد دانشکده مهندسی، بخش مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه شیرازauthortextarticle2005perThis study was carried out to investigate treatability of the effluent from Ammonium Nitrate Unit at Shiraz petrochemical complex via a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. The study included six months of data collection on petrochemical wastes treatability and characterization of the effluent from Ammonium Nitrate unit and four months of pilot scale lab experiments. Qualitative experiments showed that the effluent contained high Ammonia and Ammonium Nitrate but no essential nutrients or minerals. Pilot scale laboratory modeling with four 4-liter reactors containing different loading schemes was used. In the preliminary phase, the high pH value of the effluent (about 11) was reduced to normal using H3PO4. To supply the nutrient, CH3OH and K2HPO4 were used as C and P sources, and mineral materials such as NaCl, MgSo4 and CaCl2 were added. The acclimation process took about 40 days. In the pilot scale treatability experiments, the optimum sludge to waste ratio was calculated, and using this ratio, various retention times for aerobic and anaerobic phases were tested to determine the optimum retention time for these phases. The results show that the Ammonium Nitrate unit effluent at Shiraz Petrochemical Complex is biologically treatable. The application of SBR system fits well with an efficiency of 97% in Ammonia and Ammonium nitrate removal. The Ammonia and Ammonium Nitrate concentrations are found to less than 100mg/l.Journal of Water and Wastewater(parallel title ); Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers1024-593616

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20054853http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2084_5e68ad3af1d4509323a8ed15cc316f77.pdfTechnical and Economic Comparison of Conventional Wastewater Treatment Systems in the Sugar Industries in IranMehdiAhmadiGrad. Student of Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of TechnologyauthorMasoudTajrishiAssociate Professor, and Professor of Civil Engineering, respectively, Sharif University of Technology, TehranauthorAhmadAbrishamchAssociate Professor, and Professor of Civil Engineering, respectively, Sharif University of Technology, Tehranauthortextarticle2005perIran’s location in an arid and water scarce area characterized by qualititative and quantitative degradation in its water resources makes strict planning imperative for reduced water consumption and wastewater treatment and reuse, especially in the industry sector. The technical and economic evaluation of various industrial treatment processes is a key factor in the success of such schemes in the face of the effects of climate variety, high wastewater treatment costs, and environmental factors on selecting a most suitable alternative for industrial wastewater treatment. The situation is even more critical in the case of the sugar industry as the largest pollutant source and especially because more than 90% of its facilities are located on plains with a negative water balance. Reviewing wastewater problems associated with the Iranian sugar facilities, this paper will attempt to perform an economic assessment and a comparison of conventional anaerobic-aerobic processes under various conditions in order to identify the best aleternative and to determine the most important environmental and cost factors affecting the selection of a desirable alternative. For this purpose, six combined treatment systems are selected and their construction and operation costs and detailed uniform annual cost sensitivity analysis based on the most important parameters are presented. Finally, two different combined wastewater treatment systems of UASB + facultative lagoons and UASB + trickling filters will be introduced as the best treatment processes for Iranian conditions.Journal of Water and Wastewater(parallel title ); Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers1024-593616

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20055461http://www.wwjournal.ir/article_2085_04afdd0cf44bcade25ba752fd4c539af.pdfThe Effects of Water-Absorbent Materials on Water Supply for Tree Planting in the Semi-Arid RegionsGholam Reza DavarpanahDavarpanahAcademic Member of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Zanjanauthortextarticle2005perNumerous studies have so far been focused on increasing irrigation efficiency through such measures as soil moisture retention and soil moisture capacity as well as improving soil physical conditions. In this study, surface runoff reduction, deep penetration of rain water, and use of rain water at irrigation sites with the help of water absorbent chemicals were investigated as measures of supplying for tree water demand and also of reducing drought effects. The absorbent material was purchased from Iran Polymer Research Center. The experimental design included three independent experiments in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with 5 treatments (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 gr. of the absorbent material) and three replications. The tree species used in the experiments were Amygdalus sp., Vitis vinifera, and Pistacia vera. There were 5 experimental units with 4 trees planted 3×3 meters apart. Appropriate amounts of the test material (absorbent) were mixed with soil. Three characters of survival including: growth diameter, height, and canopy cover were recorded 4 times a year over two consecutive years. Mstat-c statistical software was used in the statistical analysis (Factor option). Results showed that the tree species had significant differences in their survival due to their genetic and physiological characteristics, so that the species of Vitis vinifera and Pistacia vera recorded the minimum and maximum survival values, respectively. Data collection within the present study is suggested to be continued and similar studies with light and sandy textured soils under greenhouse conditions are needed in order to gain more accurate information on these effects.Journal of Water and Wastewater(parallel title ); Ab va Fazilab ( in persian )Water and Wastewater Consulting Engineers1024-593616