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Summer 2010

4.
 Amsterdam is the capital and largest city the Netherlands, located in the North Holland in the west of the country. Settled as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age.

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BICYCLES Amsterdam is one of the most bicycle-friendly large cities in the world and is a centre of bicycle culture with good facilities for cyclists. In 2006, there were about 465,000 bicycles in Amsterdam. They are used by al socio-economic groups because of their convenience, Amsterdams small size, the large number of bike paths and the flat terrain. A wide variety of bicycles are used, such as road bicycles, mountain bikes and racing bikes but the vast majority of bicycles are second-hand.

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MUSEUMS RIJKSMUSEUM VAN GOGH’S MUSEUM The most important  Van Gogh lived in Amsterdam for a museums of Amsterdam short while, so there is a museum dedicated to his early work. The are located on the museum is housed in one of the few modern buildings in this area of Museum Square, located Amsterdam. at the southern side of  This building is where the the Rijksmuseum. permanent collection is displayed. A new building was added to the It was created in the last museum in 1999. This building, quarter of the 19th known as the performance wing, was designed by Japanese century on the grounds of architect Kisho Kurokawa. the former World Exposition.

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THE MILKMAID VERMEER The museum was founded in 1800 in The Hague to exhibit the collections of the Dutch stadtholders. It was inspired by French example. By then it was known as the National Art Gallery (Dutch: Nationale Kunst-Gallerij). In 1808 the museum moved to Amsterdam on the orders of king Louis Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. The paintings owned by that city, such as The Night Watch by Rembrandt, became part of the collection.

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THE ANATOMY LECTURE OF DR. NICOLAES TULP  In 1863 there was a design contest for a new building for the Rijksmuseum and Pierre Cuypers won. The design was a combination of gothic and renaissance elements. The construction began on October 1,1876. On both the inside and the outside, the building was richly decorated with references to Dutch art history. Another contest was held for these decorations. çThe museum was opened at its new location on July 13, 1885

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VAN GOGH MUSEUM The Van Gogh Museum is a museum in Amsterdam, Netherlands, featuring the works of the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh and his contemporaries. It has the largest collection of Van Goghs paintings and drawings in the world.

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VAN GOGH MUSEUM THE DEPRESSIONA visit to the Van Gogh Museum is aunique experience. The museumcontains the largest collection ofpaintings by Vincent van Gogh in theworld. It provides the opportunity tokeep track of the artists developments,or compare his paintings to works byother artists from the 19th century inthe collection. The museum also holdsan extensive offer of exhibitions onvarious subjects from 19th-century arthistory. The museum’s permanentcollection includes more than 200paintings by Van Gogh and manydrawings and letters

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STEDELIJ MUSEUM Next to the Van Gogh museum. This is Amsterdams largest museum concerning modern art. The museum opened its doors at around the same time the Museum Square was created. The permanent collection consists of works of art from artists like Piet Mondriaan, Karel Appel and Malevich .This museum is also currently being renovated and expanded. The main entrance will be relocated from the Paulus Potterstraat to the Museum Square itself. It will be open again to public in 2009.

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ANNEFRANKHOUSE  Anne Frank was one of the Jewish victims of Nazi persecution during the second world war. After Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands in 1940, increasingly severe anti-Jewish measures began here as well. The Frank family tried to escape by going into hiding.  On July 1942, Otto Frank, Edith Frank- Hollander and their daughters Margot and Anne hid in this building on the Prinsengracht. They where later joined by Mr. and Mrs Daan, their sun Peter and Mr. Dussel. The building consists of two parts : a front house and a back annex. Otto Franks business was located in the front house.  The uppermost floors of the back anexe became the hiding place. After more than two years the group was betrayed and deported. Anne and Margot died of typhus in Bergen-Belsen in March 1945, only a few weeks before this concentration camp was liberated.

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RED LIGHT DISTRICTDe Wallen, also known asRosse Buurt, is a designatedarea for legalized prostitutionand is Amsterdams largest andmost well known red-lightdistrict.This neighborhood hasbecome a famous touristattraction. It consists of anetwork of roads and alleyscontaining several hundredsmall, one-room apartmentsrented by sex workers whooffer their services from behinda window or glassdoor, typically illuminated withred lights. The area also has anumber of sex shops, sextheatres, peep shows, a sexmuseum, a cannabismuseum, and a number ofcoffee shops offering variouscannabis products.

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HOMOMONUMENT  The monuments design simultaneously looks back on gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender histories as it also looks toward the future. Designed by Karin Daan, the monument consists of three triangles of pinkish granite that together compose one giant triangle. In the picture on the left you see the first triangle close to a canal. This triangle points to the National War Memorial on the Dam in the centre of Amsterdam. The three triangles are linked by a stripe of pink bricks that are connected across a road and into a churchs backyard.

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FRAN HALS RENÉ DESCARTES Hals was born in 1580 in Antwerp . He studied under another Flemish-émigré, Karel van Mander(1548–1606), whose Manerist influence, however, is not noticeably visible in his work. At the age of 27, he became a member of the citys painters corporation, and he started to earn money as an art restorer for the city council. He worked on their large art collection. The restoration work was paid for by the city of Haarlem, since all religious art was confiscated after the iconoclasm, but the entire collection of paintings was not formally possessed by the city council until 1625, after the city fathers had decided which paintings were suitable for the city hall. Hals began his career in portraiture, since the market for religious themes had disappeared. His most famous portrait today is the one he made in 1649 of René Descartes. Frans Hals died in Haarlem in 1666 and was buried in the citys St. Bavo Church.

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SAINT BAVO CHURCH St. Bravo Church (St. Bravo Church ) is probably the most well-known landmark in Haarlem Holland. It is a beautiful gothic building that was erected around 1559. In the subsequent period from the 14th through 16th centuries, nearly continuous expansion projects in the Gothic style were executed on the structure. A new choir, radiating chapels, expansions of the transepts, a Chapterhouse, nave aisles and a single tower western section were all added during this period. Construction was considered complete June 7, 1569. In 1539, as a result of the rebellion against Charles V, the old Abbey of St. Bavo was dissolved. Its abbot and monks went on to become canons in a Chapter that was attached to what then became the Church of Saint Bavo. When the Diocese of Ghent was founded in 1559, the church became its Cathedral. The church of Saint Bavo was also the site of the baptism of Charles V.

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UTRECHT Utrecht is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the eastern end of the Randstad, and is the fourth largest city of the Netherlands, with a population of 300,030 in 2007. The smaller Utrecht agglomeration including adjacent suburbs and annexed towns is home to some 640,000 registered inhabitants, while the larger region contains up to 820,000 inhabitants.

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THE DOM TOWER  The Dom tower, with to the left behind it the remaining section of the Dom church. The two parts have not been connected since the collapse of the nave in 1674

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THE OUDEGRACHT The Oudegracht is a curved canal, partly following an old arm of the Rhine. The inner city has largely retained its Medieval structure and the moat ringing the old town is largely intact. Because of the role of Utrecht as a fortified city, which restricted construction outside the walls, until the 19th century the city has remained very compact. Surrounding the medieval core there is a ring of late 19th and early 20th century neighborhoods, with newer neighborhoods positioned farther out.

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 Utrechts ancient city-centre features UNIVERSITY many buildings and structures from its earliest origins onwards. It has been the religious centre of the Netherlands since the eighth century. Utrecht is also the see of the archbishop of the Old Catholic church, Until the golden age, Utrecht was the city of most importance in the northern Netherlands (the present- day country of the Netherlands, excluding Belgium and Luxembourg), until Amsterdam became the cultural and populous centre of the Netherlands. Utrecht is host to Utrecht University, the largest university of the Netherlands, as well as several other institutes for higher education in the Netherlands. It has the second highest number of cultural events in the Netherlands, after Amsterdam.

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DELFT  Delft is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland), the Netherlands. It is located in between Rotterdam and The Hague. Delft is primarily known for its typically Dutch town centre, also for the painter Vermeer, Delft Blue pottery.

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THE NEW CHURCHThe church which rose up on themarket square following the visions ofBrother Simon and Jan Col was thesecond parish church in Delft and wascalled the New Church . The originalchurch was a temporary woodenbuilding around which the basilica, aswe know it today, was built over aperiod of a century. The woodenchurch, which remained until 1420,was dedicated to the Virgin Mary.While the brick basilica was still underconstruction, St. Ursula became thesecond patron saint of the NewChurch.

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JOHANNES VERMEER The painter Johannes Vermeer1632–1675) was born in Delft. Vermeer used Delft streets and home interiors as the subject or background of his paintings. Several other famous painters lived and worked in Delft at that time, such as Pieter de Hoogh, Carel Fabritius, Nicolaes Maes, Gerard Houckgeest and Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet. They all were members of the Delft School.

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VIEW OF DELFT BY JOHANNES VERMEER,  Delft is more than 750 years old. Its name is derived from delven which means delve or digging. Delfts oldest canal is called The Old Delft . Delft expanded around it; later on many other city-canals were dug as life lines through the city.  In 1246 Delft received city rights, granted by Hollands Duke William II. Delft grew prosperous and new neighborhoods were added to the city. In 1355 it reached the size it would remain at until the 1900s.  In 1536 a great fire destroyed 2300 houses. The most likely cause was lightning striking the tower of The New Church. About 100 years later, in 1654, an explosion destroyed large parts of town; a warehouse with 36000 kg of gunpowder blew up. A new warehouse (Kruithuis) was later built, outside the city perimeter.

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THE CERAMIC OF DELFT  Delftware, or Delft pottery, denotes blue and white pottery made in and around Delft in the Netherlands and the tin-glazed pottery made in the Netherlands from the sixteenth century.  Delftware in the latter sense is a type of pottery in which a white glaze is applied, usually decorated with metal oxides. Delftware includes pottery objects of all descriptions such as plates, ornaments and tiles.

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MAASTRICHTMaastricht is a city and a municipality in the southernpart of the Dutch province of Limburg, of which it isthe capital.Maastricht is widely known as a city of history, culture,local folklore and education . The town is popular withtourists for shopping and recreation. The city has alarge international student population.The name Maastricht is derived from Latin Trajectumad Mosam (or Mosae Trajectum), meaning crossing atthe Meuse, and referring to the bridge built by theRomans during the reign of Augustus Caesar.

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BASILICA OF SAINT SERVATIUS  The present-day church is probably the fourth church that was built on the site of the grave of Saint Servatius, the first bishop of the diocese of century. The increasing flow of pilgrims in the 9th- 10th century made it necessary to built a large pilgrim church. This church was replaced by the present-day Romanesque church, which was built in several stages from the 11th until the 13th centuries.

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SAINT SERVATIUS  In the first half of the 13th century the Bergportaal, a portal in early Gothic style, was added to the south side and is perhaps the first Gothic construction in the Netherlands. Also in Gothic style are the chapels along the side aisles, which were added in the 14th and 15th centuries, and the southern transept.

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Fort Sint Pieter, whichFORTRESS OF SINT PIETER has been modified quite a lot over the years, is intact and can also be visited. This is not a comprehensiv e list, but these are the main remnants - be sure to ask in the tourist information if you visit, they will be able to help you find more.

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BONNEFANTEN MUSEUM The foremost museum for old masters and contemporary fine art in the province of Limburg. The collection features Medieval sculpture, early-Italian and Southern Netherlandish painting, and contemporary art (American Minimalism, Concept Art and Arte Povera.

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It is located in the city’s old Dominican Church. Selexyz Dominicanen is the result of a mergeSALEXYZ DOMINICANEN between Maastricht’s Bergmans bookshop and the Academische Boekhandel. The name Selexyz indicates that the new bookstore also belongs to the same chain as Selexyz Donner in Rotterdam and Selexyz Broese in Utrecht, among others. One of the most attractive characteristics of Selexyz bookstores is that they offer a wide selection of books in English… and at first glance, Selexyz Dominicanen did not look disappointing at all in that department purpose.

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ROTTERDAM  Rotterdam is a municipality and city in the Dutch province of South- Holland, situated in the west of The Netherlands .The municipality is the second largest in the country with a population of approximately 600,000 people. The city has 1.3 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area.  The port of Rotterdam is the largest in Europe. From 1962 to 2004, it was the worlds busiest port; then it was superseded by Shanghai.  Rotterdam is known as a city of architecture. A few square kilometres of the city centre offers a complete overview of what the twentieth century has produced in terms of modern architecture.

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CUBE HOUSES Kubuswoningen, or cube houses, are a set of innovative houses built in Rotterdam and Helmond in The Netherlands, designed by architect Piet Blom in 1984. The houses in Rotterdam are located on Overblaak Street, and beside the Blaak Subway Station. Blom tilted the cube of a conventional house 45 degrees, and rested it upon a hexagon-shaped pylon. There are 38 small cubes and two so called super- cubes, all attached to each other.

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CUBE HOUSES As residents are disturbed so often by curious passers-by, one owner decided to open a "show cube", which is furnished as a normal house, and is making a living out of offering tours to visitors. The houses contain three floors: ground floor entrance first floor with living room and open kitchen second floor with two bedrooms and bathroom top floor which is sometimes used as a small garden The walls and windows are angled at 54.7 degrees. The total area of the apartment is around 100 square meters, but around a quarter of the space is unusable because of the walls that are under the angled ceilings.

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ROTTERDAM’S LIBRARY  The Rotterdam Library (Bibliotheek Rotterdam) includes the Central Library (Centrale Bibliotheek) and 23 branches. Every year, the library draws 3.4 million people, making it Rotterdam’s most popular public institution. With 24,000 square metres of floor surface, the Central Library is one of the largest public libraries in the Netherlands.  The most striking part of the Rotterdam Library collection is the so-called Erasmus Collection. It includes the largest collection of books ‘about’ and ’by’ Erasmus in the world. In addition the Rotterdam Library also owns a collection of old children’s books numbering 6,000 volumes and growing by the year.

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ARCHITECTURE OF ROTTERDAM  In 1898, the 45 meter high-rise office building the White House was completed, at that time the tallest office building in Europe. In the first decades of the 20th century, some influential architecture in the modern style was built in Rotterdam. Notable are the Van Nelle fabriek (1929) a monument of modern factory design by Brinkman en Van der Vlugt, the Jugendstil clubhouse of the Royal Maas Yacht Club designed by Hooijkaas jr. en Brinkman (1909). During the early stages of World War II the center of Rotterdam was bombed by the Germans, destroying many of the older buildings in the center of the city. After initial crisis re-construction the center of Rotterdam has become the site of ambitious new architecture.

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The Erasmus Bridge (1996) is a 790- meter (2,600 ft) cable stayed bridge linking the north and south of Rotterdam. It is held up by a 138 meters (453 ft) tall pylon with a characteristic bend, earning the bridge its nickname De Zwaan (the Swan).