A summary stated, “Because these organizations have diverse stakeholders and constituents with divergent interests, few articulate clear objectives for their intellectual property rights (IPR) policies or clear criteria for FRAND (fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory) licensing commitments. Moreover, often the policies lack guidance for litigation over the infringement of SEPs (standard essential patents) and changes in SEP ownership.”

William New, writing in Intellectual Property Watch, summarized the report’s call to action. It called on SSOs to develop more explicit policies to avoid “patent holdup” and limit injunctions for infringements of patents with FRAND (RAND in Europe) licensing commitments. The study further recommends government institute measures that will improve patent ownership transparency and reduce international conflicts between and among IP laws.