Kushner RF, Sujak M. Prevention of weight gain in adult patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone. Ophthalmology. 2009 Jan 29. [Epub ahead of print]. Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD) commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, is associated with weight gain. Our study was designed to examine the effectiveness of three lifestyle-treatment programs of varying intensity on prevention of pioglitazone-induced weight gain and to measure the composition of the change in body weight.

Girard J. The incretins: From the concept to their use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Part A: Incretins: Concept and physiologic functions. Diabetes Metab. 2008;34(6):550-559. This paper briefly reviews the concept of incretins and describes the biological effects of the two incretins identified so far: the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP); and the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GIP is released by the Kcells of the duodenum, while GLP-1 is released by the Lcells of the distal ileum, in response to nutrient absorption.

Eldor R, Raz I. Lipotoxicity versus adipotoxicity-The deleterious effects of adipose tissue on beta cells in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006;74(2 Suppl):S3-S8. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is thought to be a culmination of two seemingly distinct processes, insulin resistance and beta cell failure, both of which have been closely linked to obesity. Here, we focus on the various deleterious effects of obesity on the beta cell.