The''' James W. Dalton Highway''' ([http://www.blm.gov/ak/st/en/prog/recreation/dalton_hwy.html], [http://www.alaskageographic.org/uploads/pdf/dalton-vg2011.pdf 2011 Visitor's Guide], also Alaska Route 11 or simply the "Dalton Highway" or "the Dalton") is a 414-mile (666 km) road running through central and northern [[Alaska]]. It is one of only two roads in [[North America]] which cross the Arctic Circle (the other being the Dempster Highway in [[Yukon]], [[Canada]]). It begins at Mile 73 of the Elliott Highway (Alaska Route 2) 84 mi (134 km) north of [[Fairbanks]] and ends at [[Deadhorse]] near the Arctic Ocean amid the Prudhoe Bay oilfield. The road passes through boreal forests, across the Yukon river and the Arctic Circle, over the Brooks Range mountains, the Continental Divide at Atigun pass, and finally traversing the tree-less [[Arctic Alaska|North Slope]] tundra to the Deadhorse and the Prudhoe Bay oilfields near the Arctic Ocean. While travel up the entirety of this road is quite an undertaking, the trip provides many rewards in views and experience of America's Arctic, its wildlife, and landscape.

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The''' James W. Dalton Highway''' ([http://www.blm.gov/ak/st/en/prog/recreation/dalton_hwy.html], [http://www.alaskageographic.org/uploads/pdf/dalton-vg2011.pdf 2011 Visitor's Guide], also Alaska Route 11 or simply the "Dalton Highway" or "the Dalton") is a 414-mile (666-km) road running through central and northern [[Alaska]]. It is one of only two roads in [[North America]] which cross the Arctic Circle (the other being the Dempster Highway in [[Yukon]], [[Canada]]). It begins at Mile 73 of the Elliott Highway (Alaska Route 2) 84 mi (134 km) north of [[Fairbanks]] and ends at [[Deadhorse]] near the Arctic Ocean amid the Prudhoe Bay oilfield. The road passes through boreal forests, across the Yukon river and the Arctic Circle, over the Brooks Range mountains, the Continental Divide at Atigun pass, and finally traversing the tree-less [[Arctic Alaska|North Slope]] tundra to the Deadhorse and the Prudhoe Bay oilfields near the Arctic Ocean. While travel up the entirety of this road is quite an undertaking, the trip provides many rewards in views and experience of America's Arctic, its wildlife, and landscape.

==Understand==

==Understand==

===History===

===History===

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When oil was discovered at Prudhoe Bay in 1969, the state of Alaska operated as a "boom-and-bust economy" without any stable industries and more importantly, America was critically short of oil and mostly at the mercy of volatile Arab nations (just 2 years after the Six-Day War). Plans for drilling the oil and for an 800 mile pipeline were thrown together at a dizzying speed, as the US government and oil companies worked to settle land claims with Native Americans, attain proper permits, ensure environmental safeguards, and build ways of accessing this extremely remote area. The Dalton Highway was hastily constructed in just 5 months, in 1974, to provide access for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline under construction. It was built at a similar pace, price, and fashion as the nearby, World War 2-era [[Alaska Highway]].

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When oil was discovered at Prudhoe Bay in 1969, the state of Alaska operated as a "boom-and-bust economy" without any stable industries and more importantly, America was critically short of oil and mostly at the mercy of volatile Arab nations (just two years after the Six-Day War). Plans for drilling the oil and for an 800 mile pipeline were thrown together at a dizzying speed, as the U.S. government and oil companies worked to settle land claims with Native Americans, attain proper permits, ensure environmental safeguards, and build ways of accessing this extremely remote area. The Dalton Highway was hastily constructed in just 5 months, in 1974, to provide access for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline under construction. It was built at a similar pace, price, and fashion as the nearby, World War Two-era [[Alaska Highway]].

Originally called the ''North Slope Haul Road'', it was built as a supply road and intended for large tractor-trailers rather than private vehicles. After completion of the pipeline, the road remained as a supply route for oil operations at Prudhoe Bay. In 1981 the haul road was opened to the public (with a permit) until Disaster Creek at Mile 211, given the designation Alaska Route 11, and named in honor of James W. Dalton, a man who aided in the development of the Cold War's Distant Early Warning System and whose knowledge of northern Alaska greatly aided the oil exploration of the region. In 1994, the public was allowed access to the entire highway to Mile 414 in Deadhorse, without permits. The road was formerly gravel for its entire length, but in recent years a long-term paving project is roughly half completed, notably a large segment at the beginning of the highway.

Originally called the ''North Slope Haul Road'', it was built as a supply road and intended for large tractor-trailers rather than private vehicles. After completion of the pipeline, the road remained as a supply route for oil operations at Prudhoe Bay. In 1981 the haul road was opened to the public (with a permit) until Disaster Creek at Mile 211, given the designation Alaska Route 11, and named in honor of James W. Dalton, a man who aided in the development of the Cold War's Distant Early Warning System and whose knowledge of northern Alaska greatly aided the oil exploration of the region. In 1994, the public was allowed access to the entire highway to Mile 414 in Deadhorse, without permits. The road was formerly gravel for its entire length, but in recent years a long-term paving project is roughly half completed, notably a large segment at the beginning of the highway.

===Climate===

===Climate===

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{{infobox|''Now That's Cold!''|[[Image:Prospect Creek Alaska 03-18-07.JPG|noframe|350px|Prospect Creek in mid-''March''.]] The&nbsp;coldest temperature ever recorded in the United States was measured in Prospect Creek, Alaska. Prospect Creek was a temporary camp for construction workers for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and, currently uninhabited, is located just a few miles east of the Dalton Highway at Mile 134. On January 23, 1971 a low of -82ºF (-62ºC) was recorded. The only temperature ever recorded in North America lower than this was by just one degree...-83ºF(-63ºC) in Snag, Yukon, Canada on February 3, 1947.}}

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{{infobox|''Now That's Cold!''|[[Image:Prospect Creek Alaska 03-18-07.JPG|noframe|350px|Prospect Creek in mid-''March''.]] The&nbsp;coldest temperature ever recorded in the United States was measured in Prospect Creek, Alaska. Prospect Creek was a temporary camp for construction workers for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and, currently uninhabited, is located just a few miles east of the Dalton Highway at Mile 134. On 23 Jan 1971 a low of -82&deg;F (-62&deg;C) was recorded. The only temperature ever recorded in North America lower than this was by just one degree...-83&deg;F(-63&deg;C) in Snag, Yukon, Canada on 3 Feb 1947.}}

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The climate of the regions this highway traverses range from subarctic to polar. During the summer months (June-August), the average maximum temperatures range from 70ºF (21ºC) to 50ºF (10º) with ''average'' minimum temperatures ranging from 50ºF (10ºC) to 35ºF(2ºC). Travel on the highway during the months of May and September is a bit colder, although travel along the highway is not considerably more dangerous during these months. ''Average'' maximums during these two months are approximately 35ºF to 60ºF (2ºC to 16ºC) and average minimums 40ºF to 15ºF (4ºC to -9ºC). The temperatures given are ''average'', be prepared for temperatures as much as 20ºF (11ºC) outside of said ranges. While the highway is open all year(more trucks traverse it in winter than summer!), travel from late September through early May is frigid and lethally cold during the heart of winter. Temperatures below -40ºF (-40ºC) are very common and temperatures as low as -60ºF (-57ºC) are certainly possible--before factoring in windchill. The record low windchill in Deadhorse was -102ºF(-74ºC) on February 28, 1989! A chart record of windchill at ARCO's facility in Prudhoe Bay on 1/13/1975 shows -128. Such temperatures are lethal in less than 1 minute if not prepared for such temperature.''' ''Unless experienced with polar temperatures and gear, DO NOT attempt to traverse the highway between November and March!'' '''

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The climate of the regions this highway traverses range from subarctic to polar. During the summer months (Jun-Aug), the average maximum temperatures range from 70&deg;F (21&deg;C) to 50&deg;F (10&deg;C) with ''average'' minimum temperatures ranging from 50&deg;F (10&deg;C) to 35&deg;F (2&deg;C). Travel on the highway during the months of May and September is a bit colder, although travel along the highway is not considerably more dangerous during these months. ''Average'' maximums during these two months are approximately 35-60&deg;F (2-16&deg;C) and average minimums 40-15&deg;F (4 to -9&deg;C). The temperatures given are ''average'', be prepared for temperatures as much as 20&deg;F (11&deg;C) outside of said ranges. While the highway is open all year(more trucks traverse it in winter than summer!), travel from late September through early May is frigid and lethally cold during the heart of winter. Temperatures below -40&deg;F (-40&deg;C) are very common and temperatures as low as -60&deg;F (-57&deg;C) are certainly possible--before factoring in windchill. The record low windchill in Deadhorse was -102&deg;F(-74&deg;C) on 28 Feb 1989! A chart record of windchill at ARCO's facility in Prudhoe Bay on 13 Jan 1975 shows -128&degF (-89&deg;C). Such temperatures are lethal in less than one minute if not prepared for such temperature.''' ''Unless experienced with polar temperatures and gear, DO NOT attempt to traverse the highway between November and March!'' '''

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North of the Arctic Circle (Mile 115), there are 24 hours of daylight in the summer and 24 hours of darkness in the winter. In Deadhorse for instance, the longest "day" is 63 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes (12:09 a.m. on May 20 to 11:18 p.m. on July 22); likewise, the longest "night" in Deadhorse is 54 days, 22 hours, 51 min (12:27PM November 24 to 11:18AM January 18).

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North of the Arctic Circle (Mile 115), there are 24 hours of daylight in the summer and 24 hours of darkness in the winter. In Deadhorse for instance, the longest "day" is 63 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes (12:09AM on 20 May to 11:18PM 22 Jul); likewise, the longest "night" in Deadhorse is 54 days, 22 hours, 51 min (12:27PM 24 Nov to 11:18AM 18 Jan).

==Talk==

==Talk==

Line 29:

Line 29:

From Fairbanks, you can unofficially rent a vehicle (4x4 truck recommended) and drive to the Dalton Highway. However, all major car rental companies explicitly prohibit the travel of their vehicles on a long list of Alaskan roads, including the Dalton Highway. Additionally, it is highly recommended that you travel with a ''full-sized'' spare tire; the road is rough enough that a small donut spare will be of little use and towing costs can be as high as $5/mile. The following companies, in alphabetical order, rent vehicles for use on the Dalton and other rugged Alaskan highways:

From Fairbanks, you can unofficially rent a vehicle (4x4 truck recommended) and drive to the Dalton Highway. However, all major car rental companies explicitly prohibit the travel of their vehicles on a long list of Alaskan roads, including the Dalton Highway. Additionally, it is highly recommended that you travel with a ''full-sized'' spare tire; the road is rough enough that a small donut spare will be of little use and towing costs can be as high as $5/mile. The following companies, in alphabetical order, rent vehicles for use on the Dalton and other rugged Alaskan highways:

If you are driving your personal vehicle it is important to remember that the purpose of this highway is for trucks and that the road is designed for them rather than for personal vehicles (see "get around"). Roundtrip, you will be traveling 828 miles on a mostly gravel road while being passed on numerous occasions by speeding semi-trucks hurling gravel at your vehicle. Many company and semi-drivers are courteous and will slow from the oncoming direction; however, some do not and gravel ''will'' hit your windshield. If being passed from behind, it is often best to find a safe place to pull off and let the other driver by. This will let them pass at a safe speed and reduce the risk of road debris being kicked up onto your vehicle (it's also just good manners). Additionally, there are many potholes on the road (more so on paved parts), some big enough to swallow basketballs. Such dangers can wreck havoc on a small car's suspension and you might be left with a few scratches and dents on your car (ie. don't take your new Mercedes down this road). A vehicle such as an SUV or pickup truck is preferred due to their ruggedness and ability to cope with road conditions. One Fairbanks car rental agency claims that large sedans are better due to their lower center of gravity, but since sedans are what they rent (for a rental cost similar to larger, newer, & more expensive trucks & SUVs), that may not be entirely truthful. Due to considerable damage caused by the low clearance and inexperienced driving, this company no longer rents sedans. Any well prepared vehicle will be able to do it. As well as any patient and competent driver. No speeders and "roadhogs".

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If you are driving your personal vehicle it is important to remember that the purpose of this highway is for trucks and that the road is designed for them rather than for personal vehicles (see "get around"). Roundtrip, you will be traveling 828 miles (1333 km) on a mostly gravel road while being passed on numerous occasions by speeding semi-trucks hurling gravel at your vehicle. Many company and semi-drivers are courteous and will slow from the oncoming direction; however, some do not and gravel ''will'' hit your windshield. If being passed from behind, it is often best to find a safe place to pull off and let the other driver by. This will let them pass at a safe speed and reduce the risk of road debris being kicked up onto your vehicle (it's also just good manners). Additionally, there are many potholes on the road (more so on paved parts), some big enough to swallow basketballs. Such dangers can wreck havoc on a small car's suspension and you might be left with a few scratches and dents on your car (ie. don't take your new Mercedes down this road). A vehicle such as an SUV or pickup truck is preferred due to their ruggedness and ability to cope with road conditions. One Fairbanks car rental agency claims that large sedans are better due to their lower center of gravity, but since sedans are what they rent (for a rental cost similar to larger, newer, & more expensive trucks & SUVs), that may not be entirely truthful. Due to considerable damage caused by the low clearance and inexperienced driving, this company no longer rents sedans. Any well prepared vehicle will be able to do it. As well as any patient and competent driver. No speeders and "roadhogs".

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Refer to the [[Fairbanks]] article regarding reaching Fairbanks by car. The southern terminus of the Dalton Highway can be reached by car from Fairbanks via the Steese Highway then, at Fox(11 miles north of Fairbanks), the Elliot Highway, both are numbered as Alaska Route 2. The Dalton Highway begins at Livengood (no services), Mile 73 of the Elliot Highway. Follow the signs to the Dalton Hwy. It is about an hour and a half drive from Fairbanks to Livengood. Note: there are no gas stations between Fairbanks and the start of the Dalton. Once on the Dalton Highway, there is gas available at the Yukon River and at Coldfoot ($5.39 per gallon in summer, 2011). After that, there are no services of any kind for 240 miles at Deadhorse. Do not take this information lightly.

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Refer to the [[Fairbanks]] article regarding reaching Fairbanks by car. The southern terminus of the Dalton Highway can be reached by car from Fairbanks via the Steese Highway then, at Fox(11 miles north of Fairbanks), the Elliot Highway, both are numbered as Alaska Route 2. The Dalton Highway begins at Livengood (no services), Mile 73 of the Elliot Highway. Follow the signs to the Dalton Hwy. It is about an hour and a half drive from Fairbanks to Livengood. Note: there are no gas stations between Fairbanks and the start of the Dalton. Once on the Dalton Highway, there is gas available at the Yukon River and at Coldfoot ($5.39 per gallon in summer 2011). After that, there are no services of any kind for 240 miles (386 km) at Deadhorse. Do not take this information lightly.

===By tour bus===

===By tour bus===

There are several companies in the Fairbanks area which take tourists on the Dalton Highway in vans or buses. While the price for such a tour could be more expensive for a family than renting your own car to take on the highway, for individuals and couples the cost of a tour may outweigh the costs and hassles of renting a vehicle. The biggest advantage of taking a tour bus is the lack of concern for breaking down, battling trucks speeding by, and concern for things like gas and food. However, the tour bus limits one's flexibility while on the trip and most tour buses take two days going to Deadhorse and one back. Tour buses stop at the hotels at night and you won't be able to save money by camping.

There are several companies in the Fairbanks area which take tourists on the Dalton Highway in vans or buses. While the price for such a tour could be more expensive for a family than renting your own car to take on the highway, for individuals and couples the cost of a tour may outweigh the costs and hassles of renting a vehicle. The biggest advantage of taking a tour bus is the lack of concern for breaking down, battling trucks speeding by, and concern for things like gas and food. However, the tour bus limits one's flexibility while on the trip and most tour buses take two days going to Deadhorse and one back. Tour buses stop at the hotels at night and you won't be able to save money by camping.

* <buy name="Dalton Highway Express" alt="" address="" directions="" phone="" email="" fax="" url="http://www.daltonhighwayexpress.com/default.htm" hours="" price="$116-428 roundtrip">Think of this as a bus service rather than tour. DHE makes quick stops, no stops for photos. Reservations must be made at least 14 days in advance.</buy>

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* <buy name="Dalton Highway Express" alt="" address="" directions="" phone="" email="" fax="" url="http://www.daltonhighwayexpress.com/default.htm" hours="" price="$116-428 round-trip">Think of this as a bus service rather than tour. DHE makes quick stops, no stops for photos. Reservations must be made at least 14 days in advance.</buy>

[[Image:Dalton_Highway_Map.png|thumb|350px|Services are scarce along the 494 miles between Fairbanks and Deadhorse on the Steese, Elliot, & Dalton Highways.]]

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[[Image:Dalton_Highway_Map.png|thumb|350px|Services are scarce along the 494 mi (795 km) between Fairbanks and Deadhorse on the Steese, Elliot, & Dalton Highways]]

''See also: [[Winter driving]],

''See also: [[Winter driving]],

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The Dalton Highway has the distinction of (among other things) having the longest stretch of serviceless road in North America. North of Coldfoot, there is a 240 mile stretch of road with no gas stations, restaurants, hotels, or any other basic services until the Prudhoe Bay oilfield at Deadhorse. Therefore, travelers are advised to have basic survival supplies, car repair equipment, and equipment for camping and other activities, stocking up no further north than [[Fairbanks]], as all four communities further north offering services are extremely expensive, and since Fairbanks is a small city (pop. apx 32,000), there will be bargains to be found:

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The Dalton Highway has the distinction of (among other things) having the longest stretch of serviceless road in North America. North of Coldfoot, there is a 240-mile (386-km) stretch of road with no gas stations, restaurants, hotels, or any other basic services until the Prudhoe Bay oilfield at Deadhorse. Therefore, travelers are advised to have basic survival supplies, car repair equipment, and equipment for camping and other activities, stocking up no further north than Fairbanks, as all four communities further north offering services are extremely expensive, and since Fairbanks is a small city (pop. apx 32,000), there will be bargains to be found:

* CB radio or Satellite phone [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_phone]] (though expensive) since cellular service is extremely limited. CB radios are far less expensive.

* CB radio or Satellite phone [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_phone]] (though expensive) since cellular service is extremely limited. CB radios are far less expensive.

For the person traveling the Dalton, gas is infrequent and expensive. While you may be following a pipeline that transports over 700,000 barrels of oil per day (a large percentage of America's oil supply), that oil has to travel south to California to be refined, then sent back up to Alaska and transported hundreds of miles by not-so-fuel-efficient trucks to these gas stations... so as oil-rich as the area may be, expect to pay the highest prices in the United States ($1-2 more per gallon than the national average, although cheaper than European prices). Combine this with the long distances, and one thing is clear: you'll need gas and it's not cheap. The last gas station leaving the Fairbanks area is Hilltop Truck Stop in Fox, where the Elliot Highway splits from the Steese Highway. Afterward, there are four locations to fuel along the Dalton.

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For the person traveling the Dalton, gas is infrequent and expensive. While you may be following a pipeline that transports over 700,000 barrels of oil per day (a large percentage of America's oil supply), that oil has to travel south to California to be refined, then sent back up to Alaska and transported hundreds of miles by not-so-fuel-efficient trucks to these gas stations... so as oil-rich as the area may be, expect to pay the highest prices in the United States ($1-2 more per gallon than the national average). Combine this with the long distances, and one thing is clear: you'll need gas and it's not cheap. The last gas station leaving the Fairbanks area is Hilltop Truck Stop in Fox, where the Elliot Highway splits from the Steese Highway. Afterward, there are four locations to fuel along the Dalton.

* Yukon River crossing (Mile 56) and a second one is just a couple miles north (Mile 61). The Hot Spot at Mile 61 not longer offers fuel.

* Yukon River crossing (Mile 56) and a second one is just a couple miles north (Mile 61). The Hot Spot at Mile 61 not longer offers fuel.

Line 80:

Line 80:

===Driving===

===Driving===

''See also: [[Tips for road trips]] and [[Winter driving]].''

''See also: [[Tips for road trips]] and [[Winter driving]].''

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[[Image:Dalton.jpg|thumb|300px|Large sections of the road have been paved, but can still have large potholes.]]

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[[Image:Dalton.jpg|thumb|300px|Large sections of the road have been paved, but can still have large potholes]]

The speed limit on the Dalton Highway is '''50 MPH''' (80km/h) its entire length and '''keep your headlights on at all times!''' Use parking lights if parked near the road (although you should park far off the road) and emergency blinkers if disabled. Raising the hood of your vehicle can signal to passing drivers that you are disabled and may elicit help from passing drivers. If making repairs on a vehicle, park at least 10 ft (3.5 m) off the road to avoid being hit or pelted with gravel.

The speed limit on the Dalton Highway is '''50 MPH''' (80km/h) its entire length and '''keep your headlights on at all times!''' Use parking lights if parked near the road (although you should park far off the road) and emergency blinkers if disabled. Raising the hood of your vehicle can signal to passing drivers that you are disabled and may elicit help from passing drivers. If making repairs on a vehicle, park at least 10 ft (3.5 m) off the road to avoid being hit or pelted with gravel.

The road was built for trucks carrying supplies to the oilfield...'''Trucks have the right of way!''' Understand that what may be a simple task in a car can be much more different in a large truck. Trucks cannot brake as quickly, nor can they "get out of the way" as easily. Many trucks have overturned as a result of hitting the berm or ditch at high speed, a car can (much more) easily and safely get out of the way.

The road was built for trucks carrying supplies to the oilfield...'''Trucks have the right of way!''' Understand that what may be a simple task in a car can be much more different in a large truck. Trucks cannot brake as quickly, nor can they "get out of the way" as easily. Many trucks have overturned as a result of hitting the berm or ditch at high speed, a car can (much more) easily and safely get out of the way.

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Always slow down when passing an oncoming vehicle, it is common courtesy as a stone flung at your windshield at 50mph will do a lot more damage than one flung at 10mph. Check your rearview mirror frequently and pull over to allow vehicles to pass you. If you want to pass a vehicle ahead of you, flash your bright lights, turn your lights on/off, or tap the horn ''lightly''; tap the horn as you're passing in appreciation. Finally, if you're stranded, don't expect trucks to stop for you. It wastes a considerable amount of fuel to come to a stop, idle while helping you, and then get back up to cruising speed.

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Always slow down when passing an oncoming vehicle, it is common courtesy as a stone flung at your windshield at 50 mph will do a lot more damage than one flung at 10 mph. Check your rearview mirror frequently and pull over to allow vehicles to pass you. If you want to pass a vehicle ahead of you, flash your bright lights, turn your lights on/off, or tap the horn ''lightly''; tap the horn as you're passing in appreciation. Finally, if you're stranded, don't expect trucks to stop for you. It wastes a considerable amount of fuel to come to a stop, idle while helping you, and then get back up to cruising speed.

There are many steep grades on the Dalton, especially in the Brooks Range (many at the maximum 12%). In wintery weather, chains may be required to gain traction ascending these slopes. Be sure to carry chains with you, even in months like June or September.

There are many steep grades on the Dalton, especially in the Brooks Range (many at the maximum 12%). In wintery weather, chains may be required to gain traction ascending these slopes. Be sure to carry chains with you, even in months like June or September.

Line 95:

Line 95:

====Road conditions====

====Road conditions====

* Road conditions and any special warnings, [http://511.alaska.gov/]. Select the "All Reports" bubble at top and "Northern Alaska" from the maps pulldown menu.

* Road conditions and any special warnings, [http://511.alaska.gov/]. Select the "All Reports" bubble at top and "Northern Alaska" from the maps pulldown menu.

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* Visitor centers at the Yukon River and Coldfoot. Summer only In person or call 907-678-5209(Coldfoot).

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* Visitor centers at the Yukon River and Coldfoot. Summer only In person or call 907-678-5209 (Coldfoot).

[[Image:Dalton fireweed.jpg|thumb|300px|Fireweed which covers much of fire-charred boreal forests in early summer. The Trans-Alaska pipeline is in the background.]]

[[Image:Dalton fireweed.jpg|thumb|300px|Fireweed which covers much of fire-charred boreal forests in early summer. The Trans-Alaska pipeline is in the background.]]

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The Dalton Highway begins at Mile 73 of the Elliot Highway, 84 miles(134km) north of Fairbanks, in the area known as "Livengood". The following points of interest along the highway are listed by mile (1 mile=1.6 kilometers) from the start.

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The Dalton Highway begins at Mile 73 of the Elliot Highway, 84 miles (134 km) north of Fairbanks, in the area known as "Livengood". The following points of interest along the highway are listed by mile from the start.

Miles 0-175 are dominated by ''boreal forests''. Much of this stretch of the highway was ravaged by wildfires in 2004 & 2005 (Alaska's 1st & 3rd largest fire seasons of record), leaving behind many swaths of charred trees. Most, but not all, of the wildlife in this region has left. With only skinny trees obscuring your view, the fireweed flowers (so named for their tendency to colonize fire ravaged regions) give the forest floors a carpet of bright pink, wildflowers peak in early July.

Miles 0-175 are dominated by ''boreal forests''. Much of this stretch of the highway was ravaged by wildfires in 2004 & 2005 (Alaska's 1st & 3rd largest fire seasons of record), leaving behind many swaths of charred trees. Most, but not all, of the wildlife in this region has left. With only skinny trees obscuring your view, the fireweed flowers (so named for their tendency to colonize fire ravaged regions) give the forest floors a carpet of bright pink, wildflowers peak in early July.

* '''Mile 24''' A pullout beside the Hess Creek, providing a safe place to park and take a break.

* '''Mile 24''' A pullout beside the Hess Creek, providing a safe place to park and take a break.

* '''Mile 54''' Pump station #6. This station is one of the eleven pump stations that keep oil flowing through the 800 mile pipeline. While the stations are numbered from one to twelve, station eleven was never built.

* '''Mile 54''' Pump station #6. This station is one of the eleven pump stations that keep oil flowing through the 800 mile pipeline. While the stations are numbered from one to twelve, station eleven was never built.

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* '''Mile 56 Yukon River''' Here, the Dalton Highway and pipeline pass over the mighty and wild Yukon River, which runs nearly 2,000 miles from Canada to the Bering Sea. There is a Bureau of Land Services visitor's center(no phone), which provides information about the status of the highway, information regarding federal lands along the highway (such as Gates of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge), and helps tourists with planning their trip along the Dalton and what lies ahead. There is a small hotel, a ''Northern Ventures'' gasoline station, tire/mechanic shop, and Yukon River Ventures(provides riverboat tours along the Yukon). Be sure to get unique photos of the pipeline suspended over the river (in lieu of a bridge).

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* '''Mile 56 Yukon River''' Here, the Dalton Highway and pipeline pass over the mighty and wild Yukon River, which runs nearly 2,000 miles (3,220 km) from Canada to the Bering Sea. There is a Bureau of Land Services visitor's center (no phone), which provides information about the status of the highway, information regarding federal lands along the highway (such as Gates of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge), and helps tourists with planning their trip along the Dalton and what lies ahead. There is a small hotel, a ''Northern Ventures'' gasoline station, tire/mechanic shop, and Yukon River Ventures(provides riverboat tours along the Yukon). Be sure to get unique photos of the pipeline suspended over the river (in lieu of a bridge).

* '''Mile 60''' A campsite with outhouse, potable water, trash bins, and gas are available just down the road at mile 60. There is also a former construction-camp-turned-hotel for $179/night. Nearby is a restaurant serving possibly the best food on the highway ([http://yukonrivercamp.com/docs/2008YRCMenu.pdf]), but pricey: day-long breakfast $8-14, lunch $10-12, dinner $16-26.

* '''Mile 60''' A campsite with outhouse, potable water, trash bins, and gas are available just down the road at mile 60. There is also a former construction-camp-turned-hotel for $179/night. Nearby is a restaurant serving possibly the best food on the highway ([http://yukonrivercamp.com/docs/2008YRCMenu.pdf]), but pricey: day-long breakfast $8-14, lunch $10-12, dinner $16-26.

* '''Mile 86''' There is a minor road off the west side of the highway which leads up a hill to a gravel pit (beware heavy equipment), affording great views of the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge.

* '''Mile 86''' There is a minor road off the west side of the highway which leads up a hill to a gravel pit (beware heavy equipment), affording great views of the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge.

* '''Mile 98''' A pullout on "Finger Mountain" which has a half-mile trail with several information signs. Great photo opportunity.

* '''Mile 98''' A pullout on "Finger Mountain" which has a half-mile trail with several information signs. Great photo opportunity.

* '''Mile 115: Arctic Circle''' A pullout with picnic area, information boards a large sign denoting the Arctic Circle, the southernmost latitude where the sun remains above the horizon for 24 hours on the summer solstice (June 21) and below the horizon on the winter solstice (December 21). There are camping sites up the hill and behind the picnic area with an outhouse and trash bins. Camping is not permitted in the picnic area nor viewing deck.

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* '''Mile 115: Arctic Circle''' A pullout with picnic area, information boards a large sign denoting the Arctic Circle, the southernmost latitude where the sun remains above the horizon for 24 hours on the summer solstice (21 Jun) and below the horizon on the winter solstice (21 Dec). There are camping sites up the hill and behind the picnic area with an outhouse and trash bins. Camping is not permitted in the picnic area nor viewing deck.

* '''Mile 132''' A pullout with incredible views of the Brooks Range to the north.

* '''Mile 132''' A pullout with incredible views of the Brooks Range to the north.

* '''Mile 137''' Pump station #5. Unlike other stations pump station #5 is actually a pressure relief station that slows down oil that is speeding down the pipeline after the descent from the Brooks Range.

* '''Mile 137''' Pump station #5. Unlike other stations pump station #5 is actually a pressure relief station that slows down oil that is speeding down the pipeline after the descent from the Brooks Range.

* '''Mile 150 Grayling Lake''' A lake carved thousands of years ago by glaciers. Popular with moose looking for a drink.

* '''Mile 150 Grayling Lake''' A lake carved thousands of years ago by glaciers. Popular with moose looking for a drink.

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* '''Mile 175: [[Coldfoot]]''' (Pop.13) Founded in 1898, abandoned in 1912, and revived as a construction camp in 1970, Coldfoot is a major stop on the highway. There is a restaurant, tire shop, post office, gift shop, hook-ups for RVs, campsites, and an inn. Additionally there is a "visitor's center" in Coldfoot offering information on recreation & visitor services along the Dalton. <u>'''After Coldfoot, there are 240 miles (386km) WITHOUT SERVICES such as gas or food...the longest such stretch in the United States!'''</u> Leave prepared...Do not take this warning lightly!

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* '''Mile 175: [[Coldfoot]]''' (Pop.13) Founded in 1898, abandoned in 1912, and revived as a construction camp in 1970, Coldfoot is a major stop on the highway. There is a restaurant, tire shop, post office, gift shop, hook-ups for RVs, campsites, and an inn. Additionally there is a "visitor's center" in Coldfoot offering information on recreation & visitor services along the Dalton. <u>'''After Coldfoot, there are 240 miles (386 km) WITHOUT SERVICES such as gas or food...the longest such stretch in the United States!'''</u> Leave prepared...Do not take this warning lightly!

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[[Image:Coldfoot AK.jpg|thumb|300px|The town of Coldfoot (pop. 12) is a major stop on the highway.]]

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[[Image:Coldfoot AK.jpg|thumb|300px|The town of Coldfoot (pop. 10+) is a major stop on the highway]]

Miles 175-275 run through the ''Brooks Range'' mountains. The landscape is composed of tall, jagged mountains, valleys, and gorges. This is prime location on the Dalton for hiking. Compared to the North Slope and Coastal Plain, which receive less than 10 inches of precipitation a year, the Brooks Range is frequented by blizzards, windy, and prone to snow even in July!

Miles 175-275 run through the ''Brooks Range'' mountains. The landscape is composed of tall, jagged mountains, valleys, and gorges. This is prime location on the Dalton for hiking. Compared to the North Slope and Coastal Plain, which receive less than 10 inches of precipitation a year, the Brooks Range is frequented by blizzards, windy, and prone to snow even in July!

* '''Mile 180''' The only developed campsite along the highway with 27 campsites (for a fee, Memorial Day to Labor Day), potable water, an outhouse, trash bins, fire pits. Hiking 2 mi upstream leads to a 20 ft waterfall.

* '''Mile 180''' The only developed campsite along the highway with 27 campsites (for a fee, Memorial Day to Labor Day), potable water, an outhouse, trash bins, fire pits. Hiking 2 mi upstream leads to a 20 ft waterfall.

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* '''Mile 188: [[Wiseman]]'''(Pop.22), located 3 mi off the Dalton Highway, is a quaint little mining town founded in 1907 by persons who abandoned the Coldfoot settlement, finding gold in a nearby creek. This historic village, and its residents subsistent on hunting and gardening, makes for a great stop on your trip.

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* '''Mile 188: [[Wiseman]]'''(Pop. 22), located 3 mi off the Dalton Highway, is a quaint little mining town founded in 1907 by persons who abandoned the Coldfoot settlement, finding gold in a nearby creek. This historic village, and its residents subsistent on hunting and gardening, makes for a great stop on your trip.

* '''Mile 235''' The further north you go, the fewer trees there are (due to permafrost and extreme cold). Here lies the furthest north spruce tree on the highway. It was killed by a vandal in 2004, estimated to be 273 years old.

* '''Mile 235''' The further north you go, the fewer trees there are (due to permafrost and extreme cold). Here lies the furthest north spruce tree on the highway. It was killed by a vandal in 2004, estimated to be 273 years old.

* '''Mile 237''' Good viewpoint. The next few miles are a major avalanche hazard in the winter. Note: the ADOT station here does not provide services, it stores cannons and road clearing vehicles. They fire artillery shells in winter to clear the slopes above the highway.

* '''Mile 237''' Good viewpoint. The next few miles are a major avalanche hazard in the winter. Note: the ADOT station here does not provide services, it stores cannons and road clearing vehicles. They fire artillery shells in winter to clear the slopes above the highway.

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* '''Mile 244 Atigun Pass''' at 4739ft (1422m), is the highest point on the highway as well as the Continental Divide (water that falls to the south flows into the Pacific Ocean or Bering Sea, to the north the Arctic Ocean). The area is prone to snow even in July, and is a prime location for seeing Dall sheep.

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* '''Mile 244 Atigun Pass''' at 4739 ft (1422 m), is the highest point on the highway as well as the Continental Divide (water that falls to the south flows into the Pacific Ocean or Bering Sea, to the north the Arctic Ocean). The area is prone to snow even in July, and is a prime location for seeing Dall sheep.

* '''Mile 269''' Pump station #4. At 2760 feet this station has the highest elevation of any pumping station along the oil pipeline.

* '''Mile 269''' Pump station #4. At 2760 feet this station has the highest elevation of any pumping station along the oil pipeline.

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Line 146:

* '''Mile 359''' Pump station #2.

* '''Mile 359''' Pump station #2.

* '''Mile 383''' Colorful, iron-rich bluffs on the far bank of the river. Caribou are often found along the river.

* '''Mile 383''' Colorful, iron-rich bluffs on the far bank of the river. Caribou are often found along the river.

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* '''Mile 414 [[Deadhorse]]'''(pop.25, Mile 414), the northern terminus of the highway and essentially a "company town", is in the midst of the Prudhoe Bay oilfield, and actually boasts a non-permanent population of 2,000-3,000 employees of the various oil operations. The Dalton Highway ends just a few miles inland of the Arctic Ocean and ''Only private, restricted roads extend to the ocean''. Fortunately, there are tours which can be booked through the hotels which not only take you to the ocean and its gravel beach(where you can take a frigid dip, joining the "Polar Bear Club") but also include a tour of the oilfield and operations. The ocean is ice-free from late July to October. ''Remember when leaving that there are no services for 240 miles (386km) until you reach Coldfoot!''

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* '''Mile 414 [[Deadhorse]]'''(pop.25, Mile 414), the northern terminus of the highway and essentially a "company town", is in the midst of the Prudhoe Bay oilfield, and actually boasts a non-permanent population of 2,000-3,000 employees of the various oil operations. The Dalton Highway ends just a few miles inland of the Arctic Ocean and ''Only private, restricted roads extend to the ocean''. Fortunately, there are tours which can be booked through the hotels which not only take you to the ocean and its gravel beach(where you can take a frigid dip, joining the "Polar Bear Club") but also include a tour of the oilfield and operations. The ocean is ice-free from late July to October. ''Remember when leaving that there are no services for 240 miles (386 km) until you reach Coldfoot!''

===Travel Times===

===Travel Times===

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* [[Leave-no-trace camping|'''Camping''']] This great wilderness is a great place to set up camp and enjoy the great outdoors (or maybe save $160 that the Slate Creek Inn wants to charge you).

* [[Leave-no-trace camping|'''Camping''']] This great wilderness is a great place to set up camp and enjoy the great outdoors (or maybe save $160 that the Slate Creek Inn wants to charge you).

** Just pull off the road at least 30 ft (10 m) and set up camp. See also: [[Car camping]].

** Just pull off the road at least 30 ft (10 m) and set up camp. See also: [[Car camping]].

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** If leaving the highway for an extended hike, a GPS device is helpful. Note, however, that declination can be 27º-30º+ in this region.

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** If leaving the highway for an extended hike, a GPS device is helpful. Note, however, that declination can be 27-30+ degrees in this region.

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[[Image:699408694 c9d85fa817 o.jpg|thumb|300px|The Brooks Range is a great place for hiking or backpacking. However, even in mid-June, a lake remains frozen.]]

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[[Image:699408694 c9d85fa817 o.jpg|thumb|300px|The Brooks Range is a great place for hiking or backpacking. However, even in mid-June, a lake remains frozen]]

* [[Backpacking (wilderness)|'''Hike/backpack''']] Fresh air, free of smog and car fumes; short grass; no snakes or other hidden dangers; beautiful, unspoiled land. Why not? Walk through forests or tundra, climb one of the mountains of the Brooks Range. Once away from the highway, the virgin land appears before your eyes as it did to those in search of the Northwest Passage hundreds of years ago. Note that in recent years security along the pipeline has been increased, so heed all warning signs to avoid attracting attention from the helicopter patrols that frequently fly over the pipeline.

* [[Backpacking (wilderness)|'''Hike/backpack''']] Fresh air, free of smog and car fumes; short grass; no snakes or other hidden dangers; beautiful, unspoiled land. Why not? Walk through forests or tundra, climb one of the mountains of the Brooks Range. Once away from the highway, the virgin land appears before your eyes as it did to those in search of the Northwest Passage hundreds of years ago. Note that in recent years security along the pipeline has been increased, so heed all warning signs to avoid attracting attention from the helicopter patrols that frequently fly over the pipeline.

** Be careful to avoid bears.

** Be careful to avoid bears.

** The best hiking is in the Brooks Range, where the ''Arctic National Wildlife Refuge'' lies to the east and the ''Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve'' to the west.

** The best hiking is in the Brooks Range, where the ''Arctic National Wildlife Refuge'' lies to the east and the ''Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve'' to the west.

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** ''If bringing a GPS, recommended for long hikes, the declination at this latitude is great. In the Brooks Range and North Slope, it can be as much as 27º-30º+!''

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** ''If bringing a GPS, recommended for long hikes, the declination at this latitude is great. In the Brooks Range and North Slope, it can be as much as 27-30&deg;+!''

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** The North Slope is largely marsh in the summer. It is filled with insects. Tall, waterproof boots are essential (remember that inches below the surface the ground is frozen...32ºF/0ºC) as is bug repellent.

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** The North Slope is largely marsh in the summer. It is filled with insects. Tall, waterproof boots are essential (remember that inches below the surface the ground is frozen...32&deg;F/0&deg;C) as is bug repellent.

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* [[Recreational shooting#North America|'''Hunting''']] There are plenty of opportunities for hunting, but be sure you follow all laws. Both visitor's centers along the contact can advise you with hunting, and you are strongly recommended to contact them before hunting. The Alaskan moose is the largest moose species with males averaging 1400lbs, 7ft tall, and carrying antlers 6ft across. Men can talk down the friend who shot that measly 400lb deer and women can get in touch with their "Sarah Palin side." Bow hunting is generally allowed everywhere. Furthermore, all hunting is prohibited within:

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* [[Recreational shooting#North America|'''Hunting''']] There are plenty of opportunities for hunting, but be sure you follow all laws. Both visitor's centers along the contact can advise you with hunting, and you are strongly recommended to contact them before hunting. The Alaskan moose is the largest moose species with males averaging 1400 lb, 7ft tall, and carrying antlers 6ft across. Men can talk down the friend who shot that measly 400lb deer and women can get in touch with their "Sarah Palin side." Bow hunting is generally allowed everywhere. Furthermore, all hunting is prohibited within:

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** 5 miles (8km) of the highway/Pipeline (only applies to hunting with firearms), either side.

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** 5 miles (8 km) of the highway/Pipeline (only applies to hunting with firearms), either side.

** the Gates of the Arctic National ''Park'' (but permitted in Gates of the Arctic National ''Preserve'')

** the Gates of the Arctic National ''Park'' (but permitted in Gates of the Arctic National ''Preserve'')

** Prudhoe Bay Closed Area

** Prudhoe Bay Closed Area

** '''As consequences are severe for unlawful hunting, be sure to have accurate maps of the boundaries and stay out of prohibited areas.'''

** '''As consequences are severe for unlawful hunting, be sure to have accurate maps of the boundaries and stay out of prohibited areas.'''

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* '''Fishing''' is permissible in most streams and rivers. Visitor centers along the highway can provide a guide specifically about fishing along the Dalton. However, as fish reproduce and grow more slowly in these colder climates, you are encouraged to only catch-and-release fish. You will need an Alaska sport fishing license (nonresident 1-14 days, $20-80 as of 2008) which can likely be purchased in Fairbanks(call the Dept. of Fish & Game in Fairbanks at 907-459-7207 for a list of vendors) or online, [http://www.admin.adfg.state.ak.us/license/buyonline.html]. Note that within 5 miles (8km) of the highway, the following restrictions are in place:

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* '''Fishing''' is permissible in most streams and rivers. Visitor centers along the highway can provide a guide specifically about fishing along the Dalton. However, as fish reproduce and grow more slowly in these colder climates, you are encouraged to only catch-and-release fish. You will need an Alaska sport fishing license (nonresident 1-14 days, $20-80 as of 2008) which can likely be purchased in Fairbanks(call the Dept of Fish & Game in Fairbanks at +1 907-459-7207 for a list of vendors) or online, [http://www.admin.adfg.state.ak.us/license/buyonline.html]. Note that within 5 miles (8 km) of the highway, the following restrictions are in place:

** Fishing for salmon is '''prohibited'''

** Fishing for salmon is '''prohibited'''

** Lake trout are catch-and-release only

** Lake trout are catch-and-release only

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Line 210:

==Stay safe==

==Stay safe==

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[[Image:Daltonsign.jpg|thumb|250px|right|There are no services in the 240 miles(386km) between Coldfoot and Deadhorse.]]

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[[Image:Daltonsign.jpg|thumb|250px|right|There are no services in the 240 miles (386 km) between Coldfoot and Deadhorse]]

===Remoteness===

===Remoteness===

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Line 225:

===Weather hazards===

===Weather hazards===

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Weather is an important factor to add into Dalton Highway Trip calculations. Remember, this is the Arctic! During the summer it is very possible to encounter heavy snow while driving through the Brooks Range via Atigun Pass. Drive with extreme caution on the windy mountain roads. The gravel can be very slippery, especially in rain or snow. During the winter, the area is possible to encounter temperatures below -60 F (which is cold enough to freeze your brake fluid!). [[Dalton Highway#Climate|As mentioned earlier]] such temperatures are fatal and thus winter travel is highly discouraged.

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Weather is an important factor to add into Dalton Highway Trip calculations. Remember, this is the Arctic! During the summer it is very possible to encounter heavy snow while driving through the Brooks Range via Atigun Pass. Drive with extreme caution on the windy mountain roads. The gravel can be very slippery, especially in rain or snow. During the winter, the area is possible to encounter temperatures below -60&deg;F (-51&deg;C) (which is cold enough to freeze your brake fluid!). [[Dalton Highway#Climate|As mentioned earlier]] such temperatures are fatal and thus winter travel is highly discouraged.

===Animal life===

===Animal life===

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The Dalton Highway passes through territory of the fearsome '''Grizzly bear'''. Understand that grizzly bear attacks are almost always defensive, whereas black bear, of which most Americans are familiar, attacks are predatory (often unexpected). Bear repellent spray (a very strong pepper spray/mace) is considerably safer than carrying a rifle. See [[Wilderness backpacking#Stay safe| this article]] for comprehensive information on bear safety. In the winter, '''Polar bears''' can roam the North Slope. Polar bears are massive, as ferocious as the grizzly bear, and ''very'' stealthy (and in darkness, not very discernible from the snow). Fortunately, you probably won't be outdoors during the season polar bears migrate into the region. ''You cannot learn enough about bear safety in this region. Consult one of the visitor's centers along the highway for more information and brochures.''

The Dalton Highway passes through territory of the fearsome '''Grizzly bear'''. Understand that grizzly bear attacks are almost always defensive, whereas black bear, of which most Americans are familiar, attacks are predatory (often unexpected). Bear repellent spray (a very strong pepper spray/mace) is considerably safer than carrying a rifle. See [[Wilderness backpacking#Stay safe| this article]] for comprehensive information on bear safety. In the winter, '''Polar bears''' can roam the North Slope. Polar bears are massive, as ferocious as the grizzly bear, and ''very'' stealthy (and in darkness, not very discernible from the snow). Fortunately, you probably won't be outdoors during the season polar bears migrate into the region. ''You cannot learn enough about bear safety in this region. Consult one of the visitor's centers along the highway for more information and brochures.''

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You may encounter wolves and foxes in this region. '''Moose''' can be dangerous if threatened. They weigh, on average, 1400lbs (640kg) and have 6ft wide antlers. Being mauled or stepped on by a moose can be lethal or leave you seriously injured in a region where medical services are distant and take hours for you to be treated. ''Animal life along the Dalton is great, but enjoy them at a distance.''

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You may encounter wolves and foxes in this region. '''Moose''' can be dangerous if threatened. They weigh, on average, 1400 lb (640 kg) and have 6ft wide antlers. Being mauled or stepped on by a moose can be lethal or leave you seriously injured in a region where medical services are distant and take hours for you to be treated. ''Animal life along the Dalton is great, but enjoy them at a distance.''

Also visible are Dall sheep, muskox, caribou, wolverine (rare), and other smaller mammals.

Also visible are Dall sheep, muskox, caribou, wolverine (rare), and other smaller mammals.

Revision as of 00:01, 12 March 2012

The James W. Dalton Highway ([8], 2011 Visitor's Guide, also Alaska Route 11 or simply the "Dalton Highway" or "the Dalton") is a 414-mile (666-km) road running through central and northern Alaska. It is one of only two roads in North America which cross the Arctic Circle (the other being the Dempster Highway in Yukon, Canada). It begins at Mile 73 of the Elliott Highway (Alaska Route 2) 84 mi (134 km) north of Fairbanks and ends at Deadhorse near the Arctic Ocean amid the Prudhoe Bay oilfield. The road passes through boreal forests, across the Yukon river and the Arctic Circle, over the Brooks Range mountains, the Continental Divide at Atigun pass, and finally traversing the tree-less North Slope tundra to the Deadhorse and the Prudhoe Bay oilfields near the Arctic Ocean. While travel up the entirety of this road is quite an undertaking, the trip provides many rewards in views and experience of America's Arctic, its wildlife, and landscape.

Understand

History

When oil was discovered at Prudhoe Bay in 1969, the state of Alaska operated as a "boom-and-bust economy" without any stable industries and more importantly, America was critically short of oil and mostly at the mercy of volatile Arab nations (just two years after the Six-Day War). Plans for drilling the oil and for an 800 mile pipeline were thrown together at a dizzying speed, as the U.S. government and oil companies worked to settle land claims with Native Americans, attain proper permits, ensure environmental safeguards, and build ways of accessing this extremely remote area. The Dalton Highway was hastily constructed in just 5 months, in 1974, to provide access for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline under construction. It was built at a similar pace, price, and fashion as the nearby, World War Two-era Alaska Highway.

Originally called the North Slope Haul Road, it was built as a supply road and intended for large tractor-trailers rather than private vehicles. After completion of the pipeline, the road remained as a supply route for oil operations at Prudhoe Bay. In 1981 the haul road was opened to the public (with a permit) until Disaster Creek at Mile 211, given the designation Alaska Route 11, and named in honor of James W. Dalton, a man who aided in the development of the Cold War's Distant Early Warning System and whose knowledge of northern Alaska greatly aided the oil exploration of the region. In 1994, the public was allowed access to the entire highway to Mile 414 in Deadhorse, without permits. The road was formerly gravel for its entire length, but in recent years a long-term paving project is roughly half completed, notably a large segment at the beginning of the highway.

Climate

Now That's Cold! The coldest temperature ever recorded in the United States was measured in Prospect Creek, Alaska. Prospect Creek was a temporary camp for construction workers for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline and, currently uninhabited, is located just a few miles east of the Dalton Highway at Mile 134. On 23 Jan 1971 a low of -82°F (-62°C) was recorded. The only temperature ever recorded in North America lower than this was by just one degree...-83°F(-63°C) in Snag, Yukon, Canada on 3 Feb 1947.

The climate of the regions this highway traverses range from subarctic to polar. During the summer months (Jun-Aug), the average maximum temperatures range from 70°F (21°C) to 50°F (10°C) with average minimum temperatures ranging from 50°F (10°C) to 35°F (2°C). Travel on the highway during the months of May and September is a bit colder, although travel along the highway is not considerably more dangerous during these months. Average maximums during these two months are approximately 35-60°F (2-16°C) and average minimums 40-15°F (4 to -9°C). The temperatures given are average, be prepared for temperatures as much as 20°F (11°C) outside of said ranges. While the highway is open all year(more trucks traverse it in winter than summer!), travel from late September through early May is frigid and lethally cold during the heart of winter. Temperatures below -40°F (-40°C) are very common and temperatures as low as -60°F (-57°C) are certainly possible--before factoring in windchill. The record low windchill in Deadhorse was -102°F(-74°C) on 28 Feb 1989! A chart record of windchill at ARCO's facility in Prudhoe Bay on 13 Jan 1975 shows -128&degF (-89°C). Such temperatures are lethal in less than one minute if not prepared for such temperature.Unless experienced with polar temperatures and gear, DO NOT attempt to traverse the highway between November and March!

North of the Arctic Circle (Mile 115), there are 24 hours of daylight in the summer and 24 hours of darkness in the winter. In Deadhorse for instance, the longest "day" is 63 days, 23 hours, 40 minutes (12:09AM on 20 May to 11:18PM 22 Jul); likewise, the longest "night" in Deadhorse is 54 days, 22 hours, 51 min (12:27PM 24 Nov to 11:18AM 18 Jan).

Talk

English is spoken by all persons living and working along the highway. As the road is primarily a trucking highway, and there is virtually no cell phone coverage along the highway, the "official" method of communication along the highway is over CB radio, Channel 19. Channel 19 is listened to by truckers, fellow travelers, pipeline security, Alaska State Troopers (police), and others. Not only can you talk in the event of an emergency, but you can also listen to others' conversation which may alert you to hazards and conditions. CB radios can be rented or purchased from numerous equipment outfitters around Fairbanks. There are just a few places along the highway which offer a place to rest and encounter other persons, namely the handful of towns along the road.

Deadhorse is the only location on the highway with cell phone reception. Satellite phones, while extremely expensive are handy and commonly used by workers in the area for ranges longer than other radios.

Get in

By plane

The nearest major airport to the highway is in Fairbanks. Aside from numerous Alaska Airlines and turboprop flights to destinations within Alaska, Fairbanks International Airport has commercial service available to: Seattle/Tacoma (Alaska Airlines), Minneapolis/St. Paul (seasonal, Delta Air Lines), Salt Lake City (seasonal, Delta Air Lines), and Frankfurt, Germany (seasonal, Condor Airlines). Deadhorse does have an airport handling limited commercial flights (Alaskan Airlines to Barrow, Fairbanks, & Anchorage), but all organized tours originate from Fairbanks, and there are no car rentals available here. As flying into Deadhorse is more expensive and has limited options for getting onto the highway (you could try to hitch a ride with a truck driver, but don't expect ANY stops), the only practical means of arrival by air is Fairbanks or Anchorage if you want to rent a car there to explore southern Alaska as well (see Anchorage article for flights there).

By car

From Fairbanks, you can unofficially rent a vehicle (4x4 truck recommended) and drive to the Dalton Highway. However, all major car rental companies explicitly prohibit the travel of their vehicles on a long list of Alaskan roads, including the Dalton Highway. Additionally, it is highly recommended that you travel with a full-sized spare tire; the road is rough enough that a small donut spare will be of little use and towing costs can be as high as $5/mile. The following companies, in alphabetical order, rent vehicles for use on the Dalton and other rugged Alaskan highways:

If you are driving your personal vehicle it is important to remember that the purpose of this highway is for trucks and that the road is designed for them rather than for personal vehicles (see "get around"). Roundtrip, you will be traveling 828 miles (1333 km) on a mostly gravel road while being passed on numerous occasions by speeding semi-trucks hurling gravel at your vehicle. Many company and semi-drivers are courteous and will slow from the oncoming direction; however, some do not and gravel will hit your windshield. If being passed from behind, it is often best to find a safe place to pull off and let the other driver by. This will let them pass at a safe speed and reduce the risk of road debris being kicked up onto your vehicle (it's also just good manners). Additionally, there are many potholes on the road (more so on paved parts), some big enough to swallow basketballs. Such dangers can wreck havoc on a small car's suspension and you might be left with a few scratches and dents on your car (ie. don't take your new Mercedes down this road). A vehicle such as an SUV or pickup truck is preferred due to their ruggedness and ability to cope with road conditions. One Fairbanks car rental agency claims that large sedans are better due to their lower center of gravity, but since sedans are what they rent (for a rental cost similar to larger, newer, & more expensive trucks & SUVs), that may not be entirely truthful. Due to considerable damage caused by the low clearance and inexperienced driving, this company no longer rents sedans. Any well prepared vehicle will be able to do it. As well as any patient and competent driver. No speeders and "roadhogs".

Refer to the Fairbanks article regarding reaching Fairbanks by car. The southern terminus of the Dalton Highway can be reached by car from Fairbanks via the Steese Highway then, at Fox(11 miles north of Fairbanks), the Elliot Highway, both are numbered as Alaska Route 2. The Dalton Highway begins at Livengood (no services), Mile 73 of the Elliot Highway. Follow the signs to the Dalton Hwy. It is about an hour and a half drive from Fairbanks to Livengood. Note: there are no gas stations between Fairbanks and the start of the Dalton. Once on the Dalton Highway, there is gas available at the Yukon River and at Coldfoot ($5.39 per gallon in summer 2011). After that, there are no services of any kind for 240 miles (386 km) at Deadhorse. Do not take this information lightly.

By tour bus

There are several companies in the Fairbanks area which take tourists on the Dalton Highway in vans or buses. While the price for such a tour could be more expensive for a family than renting your own car to take on the highway, for individuals and couples the cost of a tour may outweigh the costs and hassles of renting a vehicle. The biggest advantage of taking a tour bus is the lack of concern for breaking down, battling trucks speeding by, and concern for things like gas and food. However, the tour bus limits one's flexibility while on the trip and most tour buses take two days going to Deadhorse and one back. Tour buses stop at the hotels at night and you won't be able to save money by camping.

Northern Alaska Tour Company, ☎+1 907-474-8600, [3]. Provides round-trip bus trips to Arctic Circle only ($189). Bus to Coldfoot returning on turboprop plane. Fairbanks to Deadhorse flying one way and returning by ground in the other, overnight at Coldfoot ($989). And more...see website

Dalton Highway Express, [4]. Think of this as a bus service rather than tour. DHE makes quick stops, no stops for photos. Reservations must be made at least 14 days in advance.$116-428 round-trip.

Prepare

The Dalton Highway has the distinction of (among other things) having the longest stretch of serviceless road in North America. North of Coldfoot, there is a 240-mile (386-km) stretch of road with no gas stations, restaurants, hotels, or any other basic services until the Prudhoe Bay oilfield at Deadhorse. Therefore, travelers are advised to have basic survival supplies, car repair equipment, and equipment for camping and other activities, stocking up no further north than Fairbanks, as all four communities further north offering services are extremely expensive, and since Fairbanks is a small city (pop. apx 32,000), there will be bargains to be found:

CB radio or Satellite phone [[9]] (though expensive) since cellular service is extremely limited. CB radios are far less expensive.

Cash or major credit cards (ie. Visa or MasterCard). No services accept debit cards and there is only one ATM in Deadhorse.

Spare tires (full-size, preferably on/with another rim and chains for all four tires) and basic car repair tools.

Kits used to repair windshield chipping can be especially valuable in preventing chips from turning into full-fledged cracked windshields (especially valuable for rentals, where damage can be very costly).

Spare windshield wipers, as well as several gallons of windshield cleaning fluid (you will need to clean your windshield many times from the dust trucks create, and mosquito/insect build-up from approximately late May to early September). At times, wipers won't clean thoroughly, so have paper towels on hand to "hand wash" the windshield.

Gas stations

For the person traveling the Dalton, gas is infrequent and expensive. While you may be following a pipeline that transports over 700,000 barrels of oil per day (a large percentage of America's oil supply), that oil has to travel south to California to be refined, then sent back up to Alaska and transported hundreds of miles by not-so-fuel-efficient trucks to these gas stations... so as oil-rich as the area may be, expect to pay the highest prices in the United States ($1-2 more per gallon than the national average). Combine this with the long distances, and one thing is clear: you'll need gas and it's not cheap. The last gas station leaving the Fairbanks area is Hilltop Truck Stop in Fox, where the Elliot Highway splits from the Steese Highway. Afterward, there are four locations to fuel along the Dalton.

Yukon River crossing (Mile 56) and a second one is just a couple miles north (Mile 61). The Hot Spot at Mile 61 not longer offers fuel.

Coldfoot, gasoline is available from Sourdough Fuel (Mile 175).

Deadhorse, gasoline is available from three stations. (Mile 441).

That's all...four locations with gas stations along the entire highway!

Driving

Large sections of the road have been paved, but can still have large potholes

The speed limit on the Dalton Highway is 50 MPH (80km/h) its entire length and keep your headlights on at all times! Use parking lights if parked near the road (although you should park far off the road) and emergency blinkers if disabled. Raising the hood of your vehicle can signal to passing drivers that you are disabled and may elicit help from passing drivers. If making repairs on a vehicle, park at least 10 ft (3.5 m) off the road to avoid being hit or pelted with gravel.

The road was built for trucks carrying supplies to the oilfield...Trucks have the right of way! Understand that what may be a simple task in a car can be much more different in a large truck. Trucks cannot brake as quickly, nor can they "get out of the way" as easily. Many trucks have overturned as a result of hitting the berm or ditch at high speed, a car can (much more) easily and safely get out of the way.

Always slow down when passing an oncoming vehicle, it is common courtesy as a stone flung at your windshield at 50 mph will do a lot more damage than one flung at 10 mph. Check your rearview mirror frequently and pull over to allow vehicles to pass you. If you want to pass a vehicle ahead of you, flash your bright lights, turn your lights on/off, or tap the horn lightly; tap the horn as you're passing in appreciation. Finally, if you're stranded, don't expect trucks to stop for you. It wastes a considerable amount of fuel to come to a stop, idle while helping you, and then get back up to cruising speed.

There are many steep grades on the Dalton, especially in the Brooks Range (many at the maximum 12%). In wintery weather, chains may be required to gain traction ascending these slopes. Be sure to carry chains with you, even in months like June or September.

Check current conditions

It is very important to check the road conditions and weather warnings and forecasts before leaving, especially outside of July and August. While driving expect that at any given time a section of the road may be shut down due to storm or other damage, causing anywhere from a few hours to several days delay. There is one DOT webcam along the route, on the north side of the Brooks Range [10].

Road conditions

Road conditions and any special warnings, [11]. Select the "All Reports" bubble at top and "Northern Alaska" from the maps pulldown menu.

Visitor centers at the Yukon River and Coldfoot. Summer only In person or call 907-678-5209 (Coldfoot).

Weather

National Weather Service current weather advisories, [12]. Draw a straight line from Fairbanks to the region to the right of Barrow and the 4 regions you pass through are the ones the Dalton does.

National Weather Service current weather conditions, [13]. Relative cities include: Deadhorse, Bettles (near Coldfoot),& Manley Hot Springs (closer to start than Fairbanks). Do not rely on Fairbanks, as it lies in a valley making it warmer in summer and colder in winter than most of the Dalton Highway.

Itinerary

Fireweed which covers much of fire-charred boreal forests in early summer. The Trans-Alaska pipeline is in the background.

The Dalton Highway begins at Mile 73 of the Elliot Highway, 84 miles (134 km) north of Fairbanks, in the area known as "Livengood". The following points of interest along the highway are listed by mile from the start.

Miles 0-175 are dominated by boreal forests. Much of this stretch of the highway was ravaged by wildfires in 2004 & 2005 (Alaska's 1st & 3rd largest fire seasons of record), leaving behind many swaths of charred trees. Most, but not all, of the wildlife in this region has left. With only skinny trees obscuring your view, the fireweed flowers (so named for their tendency to colonize fire ravaged regions) give the forest floors a carpet of bright pink, wildflowers peak in early July.

Mile 24 A pullout beside the Hess Creek, providing a safe place to park and take a break.

Mile 54 Pump station #6. This station is one of the eleven pump stations that keep oil flowing through the 800 mile pipeline. While the stations are numbered from one to twelve, station eleven was never built.

Mile 56 Yukon River Here, the Dalton Highway and pipeline pass over the mighty and wild Yukon River, which runs nearly 2,000 miles (3,220 km) from Canada to the Bering Sea. There is a Bureau of Land Services visitor's center (no phone), which provides information about the status of the highway, information regarding federal lands along the highway (such as Gates of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge), and helps tourists with planning their trip along the Dalton and what lies ahead. There is a small hotel, a Northern Ventures gasoline station, tire/mechanic shop, and Yukon River Ventures(provides riverboat tours along the Yukon). Be sure to get unique photos of the pipeline suspended over the river (in lieu of a bridge).

Mile 60 A campsite with outhouse, potable water, trash bins, and gas are available just down the road at mile 60. There is also a former construction-camp-turned-hotel for $179/night. Nearby is a restaurant serving possibly the best food on the highway ([16]), but pricey: day-long breakfast $8-14, lunch $10-12, dinner $16-26.

Mile 86 There is a minor road off the west side of the highway which leads up a hill to a gravel pit (beware heavy equipment), affording great views of the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge.

Mile 98 A pullout on "Finger Mountain" which has a half-mile trail with several information signs. Great photo opportunity.

The Arctic Circle at Mile 115

Mile 115: Arctic Circle A pullout with picnic area, information boards a large sign denoting the Arctic Circle, the southernmost latitude where the sun remains above the horizon for 24 hours on the summer solstice (21 Jun) and below the horizon on the winter solstice (21 Dec). There are camping sites up the hill and behind the picnic area with an outhouse and trash bins. Camping is not permitted in the picnic area nor viewing deck.

Mile 132 A pullout with incredible views of the Brooks Range to the north.

Mile 137 Pump station #5. Unlike other stations pump station #5 is actually a pressure relief station that slows down oil that is speeding down the pipeline after the descent from the Brooks Range.

Mile 150 Grayling Lake A lake carved thousands of years ago by glaciers. Popular with moose looking for a drink.

Mile 175: Coldfoot (Pop.13) Founded in 1898, abandoned in 1912, and revived as a construction camp in 1970, Coldfoot is a major stop on the highway. There is a restaurant, tire shop, post office, gift shop, hook-ups for RVs, campsites, and an inn. Additionally there is a "visitor's center" in Coldfoot offering information on recreation & visitor services along the Dalton. After Coldfoot, there are 240 miles (386 km) WITHOUT SERVICES such as gas or food...the longest such stretch in the United States! Leave prepared...Do not take this warning lightly!

The town of Coldfoot (pop. 10+) is a major stop on the highway

Miles 175-275 run through the Brooks Range mountains. The landscape is composed of tall, jagged mountains, valleys, and gorges. This is prime location on the Dalton for hiking. Compared to the North Slope and Coastal Plain, which receive less than 10 inches of precipitation a year, the Brooks Range is frequented by blizzards, windy, and prone to snow even in July!

Mile 180 The only developed campsite along the highway with 27 campsites (for a fee, Memorial Day to Labor Day), potable water, an outhouse, trash bins, fire pits. Hiking 2 mi upstream leads to a 20 ft waterfall.

Mile 188: Wiseman(Pop. 22), located 3 mi off the Dalton Highway, is a quaint little mining town founded in 1907 by persons who abandoned the Coldfoot settlement, finding gold in a nearby creek. This historic village, and its residents subsistent on hunting and gardening, makes for a great stop on your trip.

Mile 235 The further north you go, the fewer trees there are (due to permafrost and extreme cold). Here lies the furthest north spruce tree on the highway. It was killed by a vandal in 2004, estimated to be 273 years old.

Mile 237 Good viewpoint. The next few miles are a major avalanche hazard in the winter. Note: the ADOT station here does not provide services, it stores cannons and road clearing vehicles. They fire artillery shells in winter to clear the slopes above the highway.

Mile 244 Atigun Pass at 4739 ft (1422 m), is the highest point on the highway as well as the Continental Divide (water that falls to the south flows into the Pacific Ocean or Bering Sea, to the north the Arctic Ocean). The area is prone to snow even in July, and is a prime location for seeing Dall sheep.

Mile 269 Pump station #4. At 2760 feet this station has the highest elevation of any pumping station along the oil pipeline.

The Dalton through the Brooks Range mountains.

Miles 275-355 pass through the North Slope, which is entirely permafrost and home to many herds of caribou, groups of muskox, as well as predatory birds, such as falcons. The only plants in this region are tough, ground-hugging shrubs. As the name implies, this is a slope leading from the Brooks Range down to the low-lying Coastal Plain.

Mile 275 Galbraith lake carved by a glacier along with the rest of the Atigun valley. A short hike downstream leads into the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and to spectacular Atigun Gorge, the lake, and the Brooks Range. Lots of wildflowers in early summer. Follow the signs to the airstrip and continue driving 2.5 miles on an unimproved road to a campsite with an outhouse and trash bins.

Miles 278-293NO camping is permitted (due to environmental concerns).

Mile 312 Pump station #3.

Mile 334 Location of a large construction worker camp during the building of the pipeline and known as "Happy Valley," there is a campsite. The airstrip is used for gov't and university studies in the area, so avoid camping on it.

Mile 348 A pullover with a short trail and interpretive signs. Peregrine falcons feed in nearby bluffs in summer.

Miles 355-414 pass through the Coastal Plain. This low-lying region, in summer, is largely marsh and wet-lands during the summer. Don't be fooled though as permafrost lies just inches below the bottom of these shallow marshes. The plain is home to significant numbers of caribou and migratory birds feasting on the billions of insects which breed in these marshes. In winter, the plain is a flat, solid, windswept wasteland with only the distant Brooks Range as something discernible.

An aerial view of Deadhorse, the Dalton's northern terminus.

Mile 355 a pullover with an outhouse and trash containers.

Mile 359 Pump station #2.

Mile 383 Colorful, iron-rich bluffs on the far bank of the river. Caribou are often found along the river.

Mile 414 Deadhorse(pop.25, Mile 414), the northern terminus of the highway and essentially a "company town", is in the midst of the Prudhoe Bay oilfield, and actually boasts a non-permanent population of 2,000-3,000 employees of the various oil operations. The Dalton Highway ends just a few miles inland of the Arctic Ocean and Only private, restricted roads extend to the ocean. Fortunately, there are tours which can be booked through the hotels which not only take you to the ocean and its gravel beach(where you can take a frigid dip, joining the "Polar Bear Club") but also include a tour of the oilfield and operations. The ocean is ice-free from late July to October. Remember when leaving that there are no services for 240 miles (386 km) until you reach Coldfoot!

Travel Times

At a minimum, plan three days to make the trip between Fairbanks to Deadhorse and back. Assuming good road and weather conditions, expect the following travel times from Fairbanks:

to Yukon River — 3 hours

to Arctic Circle — 4.5 hours

to Coldfoot — 6 hours

to Atigun Pass — 8 hours

to Deadhorse — 13+ hours

The above times do not factor in rests, wildlife viewing, or delays due to construction or bad weather.

Distances

Miles (km)

Fairbanks

Livengood

Yukon River

Arctic Circle

Coldfoot

Atigun Pass

Galbraith Lake

Deadhorse

Fairbanks

-

84 (134)

140 (225)

199 (320)

259 (417)

328 (528)

359 (578)

498 (802)

Livengood

84 (134)

-

56 (90)

115 (185)

175 (282)

244 (390)

275 (443)

414 (666)

Yukon River

140 (225)

56 (90)

-

59 (94)

119 (190)

188 (303)

219 (353)

358 (576)

Arctic Circle

199 (320)

115 (185)

59 (94)

-

60 (97)

129 (208)

160 (258)

299 (481)

Coldfoot

259 (417)

175 (282)

119 (190)

60 (97)

-

69 (111)

100 (161)

239 (385)

Atigun Pass

328 (528)

244 (390)

188 (303)

129 (208)

69 (111)

-

31 (50)

170 (274)

Galbraith Lake

359 (578)

275 (443)

219 (353)

160 (258)

100 (161)

31 (50)

-

139 (224)

Deadhorse

498 (802)

414 (666)

358 (576)

299 (481)

239 (385)

170 (274)

139 (224)

-

Do

Photography The Dalton Highway passes through incredibly beautiful terrain, and it would be a shame not to take pictures of it. Between the spectacular mountains, beautiful forests, wildlife, the Arctic Circle sign, Wiseman, the Yukon river, the North Slope, and the engineering marvel that is the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, there is no shortage of good photos. Do bring a telephoto lens to shoot wildlife at a distance.

Camping This great wilderness is a great place to set up camp and enjoy the great outdoors (or maybe save $160 that the Slate Creek Inn wants to charge you).

Just pull off the road at least 30 ft (10 m) and set up camp. See also: Car camping.

If leaving the highway for an extended hike, a GPS device is helpful. Note, however, that declination can be 27-30+ degrees in this region.

The Brooks Range is a great place for hiking or backpacking. However, even in mid-June, a lake remains frozen

Hike/backpack Fresh air, free of smog and car fumes; short grass; no snakes or other hidden dangers; beautiful, unspoiled land. Why not? Walk through forests or tundra, climb one of the mountains of the Brooks Range. Once away from the highway, the virgin land appears before your eyes as it did to those in search of the Northwest Passage hundreds of years ago. Note that in recent years security along the pipeline has been increased, so heed all warning signs to avoid attracting attention from the helicopter patrols that frequently fly over the pipeline.

Be careful to avoid bears.

The best hiking is in the Brooks Range, where the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge lies to the east and the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve to the west.

If bringing a GPS, recommended for long hikes, the declination at this latitude is great. In the Brooks Range and North Slope, it can be as much as 27-30°+!

The North Slope is largely marsh in the summer. It is filled with insects. Tall, waterproof boots are essential (remember that inches below the surface the ground is frozen...32°F/0°C) as is bug repellent.

Hunting There are plenty of opportunities for hunting, but be sure you follow all laws. Both visitor's centers along the contact can advise you with hunting, and you are strongly recommended to contact them before hunting. The Alaskan moose is the largest moose species with males averaging 1400 lb, 7ft tall, and carrying antlers 6ft across. Men can talk down the friend who shot that measly 400lb deer and women can get in touch with their "Sarah Palin side." Bow hunting is generally allowed everywhere. Furthermore, all hunting is prohibited within:

5 miles (8 km) of the highway/Pipeline (only applies to hunting with firearms), either side.

the Gates of the Arctic National Park (but permitted in Gates of the Arctic National Preserve)

Prudhoe Bay Closed Area

As consequences are severe for unlawful hunting, be sure to have accurate maps of the boundaries and stay out of prohibited areas.

Fishing is permissible in most streams and rivers. Visitor centers along the highway can provide a guide specifically about fishing along the Dalton. However, as fish reproduce and grow more slowly in these colder climates, you are encouraged to only catch-and-release fish. You will need an Alaska sport fishing license (nonresident 1-14 days, $20-80 as of 2008) which can likely be purchased in Fairbanks(call the Dept of Fish & Game in Fairbanks at +1 907-459-7207 for a list of vendors) or online, [17]. Note that within 5 miles (8 km) of the highway, the following restrictions are in place:

Fishing for salmon is prohibited

Lake trout are catch-and-release only

Daily bag/possession limit for Arctic greyling is 5.

There be gold in them there hills!
In 2008, exploratory drilling for gold at Livengood, at the beginning of the highway, produced promising results. A deposit approximately 300 ft thick and 1 sq mi in size is believed to contain 5-10 million ounces of gold, worth around $4-10 billion at 2008/2009 prices! Mining won't begin for a couple of years, as the equipment will need to be connected to the nearest power lines...60 miles away.

Gold Panning Many towns in this region began in the early 20th century as communities of gold miners and gold panning is permitted on any federal stream south of Atigun Pass (Mile 244), with the exception of the pipeline right-of-way (27ft/8.2m). The visitor's centers can provide free brochures on mineral collection along the Dalton which even rates their potential for gold. The best places for gold panning have been near Coldfoot/Wiseman.

Kayaking, Rafting, & Canoeing There are several possible river trips along the Dalton. The visitor center in Coldfoot is best for information on this matter. Canoes and rafts can be rented from several places in Fairbanks. Two rivers can provide an excellent trip along the Dalton, provided there is a driver to drive you vehicle from launch to pick-up:

The Jim River and Middle Fork-Koyukuk River. Class I-II w/several access points along the highway.

Ivishak National Wild RIver. Class II. Access by chartered air service from Deadhorse or Coldfoot.

Cross country skiing is available in most months outside July. Bring your own skis, as there is nowhere to rent skis along the highway.

Note that the region is extremely remote. You should bring appropriate maps (possibly available at the visitor's centers) or a GPS device when doing so. Remember declination can be as much as 27º-30º, so recalibrate your device before leaving the highway.

Remember that when snow is present, temperatures areextremelycold. Plan for appropriate temperatures. Blizzards can occur in the Brooks Range even in every month but July!

Riverboat on the Yukon River. At the Yukon River crossing, there is the Yukon River Tours shop which offers riverboat trips three times daily on the river, taking you down miles of the Yukon River and visiting a Native-American fish camp. As of 2006, $20 per person.

Stay safe

There are no services in the 240 miles (386 km) between Coldfoot and Deadhorse

Remoteness

Due to the scarcity of services, the traveler on this road will need a certain degree of self-sufficiency while traveling along the highway on your own. Therefore, you are advised to bring what is listed in the Prepare section.

Road safety

A wide variety of different road surfaces will be encountered by travelers on the Dalton. The beginning 100 miles are said to be the worst (pothole wise), but that may just be the time it takes to get acclimated to road conditions. This surface is gravel/dirt and is littered with a landscape of craters and potholes that will often slow your pace down to the 10mph mark, or destroy your suspension. Later on, a few patches of paved road will be encountered, but in a rough arctic environment like this, it is apparent they don't hold up too well. Be constantly on the lookout for massive potholes on any part of the road. These will sneak up on you suddenly after a comfortable few miles. Further north, the gravel roads seem to be in better condition and they permit higher speeds.

Health

There are no medical facilities on the highway. The nearest hospital is in Fairbanks. Oil companies likely have limited clinical facilities in Deadhorse should you find yourself in desperate circumstances, but are otherwise only for employees. Should you find yourself gravely ill, a medical evacuation is very expensive, takes much longer than is standard in the rest of the US, and can be limited or impossible during severe winter weather.

Should you decide to collect water from streams, it is advisable to boil such water as giardia is common in Alaskan streams and very contagious.

Weather hazards

Weather is an important factor to add into Dalton Highway Trip calculations. Remember, this is the Arctic! During the summer it is very possible to encounter heavy snow while driving through the Brooks Range via Atigun Pass. Drive with extreme caution on the windy mountain roads. The gravel can be very slippery, especially in rain or snow. During the winter, the area is possible to encounter temperatures below -60°F (-51°C) (which is cold enough to freeze your brake fluid!). As mentioned earlier such temperatures are fatal and thus winter travel is highly discouraged.

Animal life

The Dalton Highway passes through territory of the fearsome Grizzly bear. Understand that grizzly bear attacks are almost always defensive, whereas black bear, of which most Americans are familiar, attacks are predatory (often unexpected). Bear repellent spray (a very strong pepper spray/mace) is considerably safer than carrying a rifle. See this article for comprehensive information on bear safety. In the winter, Polar bears can roam the North Slope. Polar bears are massive, as ferocious as the grizzly bear, and very stealthy (and in darkness, not very discernible from the snow). Fortunately, you probably won't be outdoors during the season polar bears migrate into the region. You cannot learn enough about bear safety in this region. Consult one of the visitor's centers along the highway for more information and brochures.

You may encounter wolves and foxes in this region. Moose can be dangerous if threatened. They weigh, on average, 1400 lb (640 kg) and have 6ft wide antlers. Being mauled or stepped on by a moose can be lethal or leave you seriously injured in a region where medical services are distant and take hours for you to be treated. Animal life along the Dalton is great, but enjoy them at a distance.

Also visible are Dall sheep, muskox, caribou, wolverine (rare), and other smaller mammals.