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That's certainly correct; a lot of game development out there is done in C++. Just keep in mind that it's not the only language you can use to develop games and in a decade or so when you're comfortable with developing games in C++ and get bored, you could try out game dev in other languages :)

Ubuntu, like most Linux distributions, is great for programming. Fundamentally, Linux is an OS by programmers, for programmers (even though it has gotten very user-friendly for anyone else too, now). I tend to prefer Kubuntu (the KDE version of Ubuntu), as it is a bit more development-oriented, and the nativeness of Qt on it makes it all that much easier.

Is it good for game development?

Sort of. It is a good platform for a few reasons. First, it is a great platform for programming in general (game or otherwise). Second, game programming relies on either DirectX or OpenGL, and in Linux, OpenGL is available and generally up-to-date (but DirectX is Windows-only). Third, third-party libraries are very easy to install and use in Ubuntu, which is crucial to speed up the development of your games. Fourth, Linux is a Unix-like environment similar to Mac OSX, meaning that porting your game to Mac platforms will be easy.

However, it isn't a good platform for a couple of reasons. First, game development can often involve using a game engine (a library of code that does a lot of the ground-work for you) which are most widely available in Windows, but still, the majority (about 60%, I would say) are available in Linux too. Second, if you want to distribute your game, Windows would probably be your target, not Linux, but still, you could develop the game mostly in Linux, and only port it to Windows once you have a complete product.

It depends on what you're programming. For the most part, programming something in Linux is simpler than programming it in Windows, just because libraries are handled by a package manager rather than having to go through the tedious process of manually copy/pasting includes and libs directories.

That being said, if you're using a Windows-only library like DirectX, you may be SOL on Linux.