There
was phenomenal growth in school education infrastructure
during the past 3 decades. Schooling has been conducted
in three different stages - primary, secondary and higher
secondary. In Kerala, there were 12,310 schools in 1999-2000
having 6726 lower primary (LP) schools, 2968 upper primary
(UP) schools and 2580 high schools. Kerala schools posses
better physical and basic facilities compared to those in
other parts of India. 83% of schools are housed in proper
buildings 84% of Government schools have drinking water
facilities and 85% have urinals / latrine facilities.

Schools
under Different Tiers of Local Self Govt. Institutions 2000

Sl.No

Local
Body

No. of Institutions Transferred

LP

UP

HS

Total

1

Corporations

288

144

219

651

2

Municipalities

457

207

268

932

3

District
Panchayats

-

2615

2109

4724

4

Block
Panchayat

-

-

-

-

5

Grama
Panchayats

6003

-

-

-

Total

6748

2966

2596

12310

Enrolment
of Girl StudentsKerala
has achieved near-equality in school enrolment with regard
to gender. Girl students outnumber boys the high school
stage. Girl students in schools constituted 49.1% of all
students.

Primary
Education Primary
Education consists of 2 levels, lower primary (Std I - IV)
and Upper Primary (std V to VII). This comprises the biggest
segment of the states education system. Almost every village
has more than five primary schools. There are 6,726 lower
primary and 2,968 upper primary schools. Of the primary
schools 61.07% are private aided, 2.98% are private unaided
and 35.95% are government schools.

DPEP A
centrally sponsored scheme, DPEP is a major multi - facted
programme seeking to overhand and reconstruct primary education
as a whole in selected educationally backward districts.
Its emphasis is on decentralized planning and management
as well as community participation. The programme was introduced
in the districts of Malappuram, Wayanad and Kasargod in
December 1994.

Secondary
EducationA
substantial increase of secondary schools was found in Kerala,
i.e.., during 1996-97 there were 2,580 secondary schools
as against 895 in 1960-61. These include 975 Government
schools (37.67%), 1,400 private aided schools (54.1%) and
213 private unaided schools (8.23%).

Number
of Schools in Kerala - Government Schools

1991-92

2565

898

425

960

826

963

1992-93

2565

898

425

960

826

963

1993-94

2520

898

424

959

828

967

1994-95

2520

901

386

958

837

975

1995-96

2521

902

406

960

836

976

1996-97

2521

895

415

961

667

975

1997-98

2516

893

432

962

834

976

1998-99

2555

901

434

962

835

976

1999-2000

2552

899

436

959

838

979

Note:
Besides there are seven schools for the Handicapped and 38
T.T.Is in the State.
Source: Directorate of Public Instruction, Thiruvananthapuram.

Number
of Schools in Kerala-Private Aided Schools

1991-92

4067

1293

173

1883

1034

1380

1992-93

4067

1293

173

1883

1034

1380

1993-94

4045

1293

169

1880

1032

1379

1994-95

4041

1288

168

1876

1034

1380

1995-96

4040

1287

170

1875

1038

1394

1996-97

4039

1280

184

1873

985

1395

1997-98

4041

1285

159

1870

1028

1399

1998-99

4039

1279

191

1871

1040

1394

1999-2000

4035

1279

191

1873

1043

1397

Note:Besides there are 5 Anglo Indian High Schools, 23 schools
for the Handicapped, 63 T.T.Is and one Anglo-Indian
T.T.I in the State. Source: Directorate of Public Instruction, Thiruvananthapuram.

Number
of Schools in Kerala - Unaided Schools

1991-92

151

46

63

92

109

129

1992-93

147

45

63

88

109

129

1993-94

137

44

63

80

111

129

1994-95

133

45

59

78

110

131

1995-96

167

43

85

129

68

203

1996-97

166

53

90

134

113

210

1997-98

160

44

97

1312

160

217

1998-99

161

61

105

133

171

215

1999-2000

161

61

105

134

171

220

Note:Besides there are 3 Anglo-Indian H.S. and 3 schools
for the Handicapped in the State.
Source: Directorate of Public Instruction, Thiruvananthapuram.

Progress
of Education Institutions from 1961-62 to 1999-2000

1

2

3

4

5

1961-62

629

1985

6745

9359

1962-63

1015

2285

6904

10204

1963-64

1020

2285

6914

10219

1964-65

1146

2428

6930

10504

1965-66

1151

2447

6954

10552

1966-67

1278

2475

6933

10684

1967-68

1292

2479

6940

10711

1968-69

1381

2535

6917

10833

1969-70

1382

2532

6928

10842

1970-71

1384

2543

6895

10822

1971-72

1393

2551

6895

10839

1972-73

1399

2550

6887

10786

1973-74

1404

2548

6904

10856

1974-75

1488

2588

6975

11051

1975-76

1521

2606

6975

11102

1976-77

1666

2718

6995

11379

1977-78

1675

2718

6995

11379

1978-79

1680

2739

6970

11389

1979-80

1680

2739

6970

11389

1980-81

1976

2753

6861

11590

1981-82

2075

2779

5811

11665

1982-83

2154

2763

6817

11734

1983-84

--

--

--

--

1984-85

2397

2856

6848

12101

1985-86

2122

2852

6396

11670

1986-87

2430

2884

6828

12142

1987-88

2431

2885

6819

12135

1988-89

--

--

6819

--

1989-90

2430

2892

6813

12135

1990-91

2452

2915

6767

12134

1991-92

2472

2935

6783

12190

1992-93

2472

2931

6779

12182

1993-94

2475

2920

6702

12027

1995-96

2573

2964

6728

12265

1996-97

2580

2968

6726

12274

1997-98

2592

2964

6717

12273

1998-99

2585

2966

6755

12306

1999-2000

2596

2966

6748

12310

Source:
DPI, Thiruvananthapuram.
Higher Secondary Education There are 931 higher secondary
schools (HSS) of which 417 are in government sector, 506
in aided sector and 8 in unaided sector. The H.S.S intake
increased from 20,092 in 1997 to 1,65,600 in 2000. Girl
students constitutes 58%. In 1997-98 pre-degree courses
in 26 Government colleges have been de linked and higher
secondary courses have been sanctioned in 103 government
schools.

Higher
Secondary Schools in Kerala (1994 to 2000)

Year

Government

Aided

Unaided

Total

Till
1994

49

33

2

84

1995

-

-

6

6

1996

-

-

-

-

1997

101

1

-

102

1998

106

226

4

336

1999

-

-

-

-

2000

161

246

-4

403

Total

417

506

8

931

Note:
4 Nos. of unaided HSS started as per directions of Hon'ble
High Court during 1998 have been converted into Aided HSS
in 2000.

Source:Directorate of VHSC,Thiruvananthapuram
Vocational Higher Secondary Education It
was formally introduced in Kerala at the higher secondary
level (+2 stage) in 1983-84. There are 322 VHS School (231
Govt. & 91 Private) handling 814 schools of Vocational
courses in 45 subjects. Subjects are related to agriculture
( livestock management and fisheries), health and paramedical
service, business and commerce, home science and humanities
and service sectors in engineering and technology. Clothing
and embroidery, cosmetology and management of beauty parlours,
creche-pre-school management are courses exclusively for
girls.

District-wise
Number of Vocational Higher Secondary Schools in
Kerala -2000

Sl.No.

District

No.of
Schools

Government

Aided

Total

1

Thiruvananthapuram

30

11

41

2

Kollam

20

31

51

3

Pathanamthitta

10

17

27

4

Alappuzha

14

7

21

5

Kottayam

21

10

31

6

Idukki

11

5

16

7

Ernakulam

22

12

34

8

Thrissur

26

10

36

9

Palakkad

17

7

24

10

Malappuram

24

2

26

11

Kozhikode

20

8

28

12

Wayanad

5

2

7

13

Kannur

15

1

16

14

Kasargod

13

3

16

Total

248

126

374

Source:
Directorate of VHSE,Thiruvananthapuram

Intake
of Students under Vocational Higher Secondary Education
from 1992-93 to 1998-99

Class
XI

Class
XII

Year

Boys

Girls

Total

Boys

Girls

Total

1992-93

7900

4270

12170

7440

4560

12000

1993-94

8690

4720

13410

7870

4260

12130

1994-95

8993

5282

14275

8159

5216

13375

1995-96

10553

6747

17300

8422

5853

14275

1996-97

9209

8166

17375

9405

7695

17100

1997-98

9435

10508

19943

7289

9112

16401

1998-99

9327

10348

19675

9728

10491

19919

Source:Directorate
of VHSE,Thiruvananthapuram
Education of the disabled

There
are 23 recognized special schools for the disabled and about
3,000 children study in them. They are managed mostly by
charity agencies like the Kerala Federation of the Blind.Architecture

Animation
and Cartoons

Courses
on animation and cartoons are available in the following
institution. 1. Kerala Cartoon Academy, Chittoor Road, Kochi.

Agriculture

Agriculture
B.Sc and M.Sc in Agriculture is available in the following
institution of Kerala Agricultural University.
1. College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram
2. Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur
– 690 654.

Chartered
Accountancy

Chartered
Accountancy is regulated by a governing body of the Institute
of Chartered Accountant of India (ICAI). The following
regional centers in the state may be contacted for information
and training.