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SYNAPSE Synaptic transmission. Illustration of synaptic transmission of a nerve impulse from a synapse on neuron A (purple) to a dendritic spine on neuron B (green). Vesicles liberate excitatory neurotransmitters (orange spheres) which attach themselves to the receptors (red) and open the sodium channels, enabling Na+ ions to penetrate a dendritic spine on neuron B, creating an electric current.