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Human α‐phosphoglucomutase 1 (α‐PGM) catalyzes the isomerization of glucose‐1‐phosphate into glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) through two sequential phosphoryl transfer steps with a glucose‐1,6‐bisphosphate (G16P) intermediate. Given that the release of G6P in the gluconeogenesis raises the glucose output levels, α‐PGM represents a tempting pharmacological target for type 2 diabetes. Here, we provide the...

Background: Since the advent of robotic‐assisted surgery, the value of using robotic systems to assist in surgical procedures has been repeatedly demonstrated. However, existing technologies are unable to perform complete, multi‐step procedures from start to finish. Many intraocular surgical steps continue to be manually performed.
Methods: An intraocular robotic interventional surgical system (IRISS)...

To ascertain deformation of the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary tissues caused by horizontal duction.Prospective, experimental study.Optical coherence tomography of the ONH region was performed in 23 eyes of 12 normal volunteers in central gaze and increasing (10, 20, and 30 degrees) adduction and abduction. Main outcome measures were changes from central gaze in the configuration of the...

Gene and cell therapies have the potential to prevent, halt, or reverse diseases of the retina in patients with currently incurable blinding conditions. Over the past 2 decades, major advances in our understanding of the pathobiologic basis of retinal diseases, coupled with growth of gene transfer and cell transplantation biotechnologies, have created optimism that previously blinding retinal conditions...

Conclusion From the time when early investigators were vexed by “the peculiar lines in the choroid” until today, much has been learned about the clinical presentation of choroidal folds. The astute clinician not infrequently will detect choroidal folds during the course of a comprehensive retinal examination. Benign and ominous aetiologies exist and will guide the management. Bilateral choroidal...

For the last 50 years, fluorescein angiography (FA) has played a pivotal role in the evaluation and management of retinal diseases. Patterns of hyper- and hypofluorescence provide insights into the pathophysiologic processes involved in vascular, degenerative, dystrophic, traumatic, infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases of the choroid and retina. Despite recent advances in other imaging...

The last 20 years have seen qualitative leaps in the complexity of chemical reactions that have been studied using theoretical methods. While methodologies for small molecule scattering are still of great importance and under active development [1], two important trends have allowed the theoretical study of the rates of reaction in complex molecules, condensed phase systems, and biological systems...

Neovascular, or wet, age-related macular degeneration causes central vision loss and represents a major health problem in elderly people, and is currently treated with frequent intraocular injections of anti-VEGF protein. Gene therapy might enable long-term anti-VEGF therapy from a single treatment. We tested the safety of rAAV.sFLT-1 in treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration with a single...

Since they were first derived more than three decades ago, embryonic stem cells have been proposed as a source of replacement cells in regenerative medicine, but their plasticity and unlimited capacity for self-renewal raises concerns about their safety, including tumour formation ability, potential immune rejection, and the risk of differentiating into unwanted cell types. We report the medium-term...

Enzymes are the most efficient chemical catalysts known, but the exact nature of chemical barrier crossing in enzymes is not fully understood. Application of transition state theory to enzymatic reactions indicates that the rates of all possible reaction paths, weighted by their relative probabilities, must be considered in order to achieve an accurate calculation of the overall rate. Previous studies...

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is one of the most common genetic causes of heart disease. Approximately 15% of FHC-related mutations are found in cTnT [cardiac troponin (cTn) T]. Most of the cTnT FHC-related mutations are in or flanking the N-tail TNT1 domain that directly interacts with overlapping tropomyosin (Tm). We investigate two sets of cTnT mutations at opposite ends of TNT1, mutations...

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SYNAT - “Interdisciplinary System for Interactive Scientific and Scientific-Technical Information”.