Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The world oil market is regarded by many as a puzzle. Why are oil prices so volatile? What is OPEC and what does OPEC do? Where are oil prices headed in the long run? Is peak oil  a genuine concern? Why did oil prices spike in the summer of 2008, and what role did speculators play? Any attempt to answer these questions must be informed and disciplined by economics. Such is the purpose of this essay: to illuminate recent developments in the world oil market from the perspective of economic theory.

The world oil market is regarded by many as a puzzle. Why are oil prices so volatile? What is OPEC and what does OPEC do? Where are oil prices headed in the long run? Is peak oil a genuine concern? Why did oil prices ...

Oil Markets Oil Markets International Energy Outlook 2006 Chapter 3: World Oil Markets In the IEO2006 reference case, world oil demand increases by 47 percent from 2003 to 2030. Non-OECD Asia, including China and India, accounts for 43 percent of the increase. In the IEO2006 reference case, world oil demand grows from 80 million barrels per day in 2003 to 98 million barrels per day in 2015 and 118 million barrels per day in 2030. Demand increases strongly despite world oil prices that are 35 percent higher in 2025 than in last yearÂs outlook. Much of the growth in oil consumption is projected for the nations of non-OECD Asia, where strong economic growth is expected. Non-OECD Asia (including China and India) accounts for 43 percent of the total increase in world oil use over the projection period.

12 12 Physical MarketConditions, Paper Market Activity, and the WTI-Brent Spread Bahattin BÃ¼yÃ¼kÅahin Thomas K. Lee James T. Moser Michel A. Robe* Abstract We document that, starting in the Fall of 2008, the benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil has periodically traded at unheard of discounts to the corresponding Brent benchmark. We further document that this discount is not reflected in spreads between Brent and other benchmarks that are directly comparable to WTI. Drawing on extant models linking inventory conditions to the futures term structure, we test empirically several conjectures about how time and quality spreads (prompt vs. first-deferred WTI; prompt Brent vs. WTI)

World Oil MarketsWorld Oil Markets picture of a printer Printer Friendly Version (PDF) In the IEO2001 forecast, periodic production adjustments by OPEC members are not expected to have a significant long-term impact on world oil markets. Prices are projected to rise gradually through 2020 as the oil resource base is expanded. Crude oil prices remained above $25 per barrel in nominal terms for most of 2000 and have been near $30 per barrel in the early months of 2001. Prices were influenced by the disciplined adherence to announced cutbacks in production by members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPECÂs successful market management strategy was an attempt to avoid a repeat of the ultra-low oil price environment of 1998 and early 1999. Three additional factors contributed to the resiliency of oil prices in

The international LPG industry has expanded rapidly during the 1990s and undergone significant changes. LPG consumption has expanded at nearly twice the rate of world petroleum demand. In particular, LPG use in residential and commercial markets has more than doubled in many developing countries. Markets for LPG and other petroleum products have been opened in many countries, accelerating demand growth and creating investment opportunities in all downstream segments. This has led to an overall strengthening of global LPG pricing and the development of many new export gas-processing projects. The paper discusses world LPG demand in residential and commercial markets and in petrochemicals, world LPG supply, regional increases, international trade, the US situation in natural gas, NGL supply, and NGL demand.

oil.gif (4669 bytes) oil.gif (4669 bytes) A moderate view of future oil market developments is reflected in IEO99. Sustained high levels of oil prices are not expected, whereas continued expansion of the oil resource base is anticipated. The crude oil market was wracked with turbulence during 1998, as prices fell by one-third on average from 1997 levels. Even without adjusting for inflation, the world oil price in 1998 was the lowest since 1973. The declining oil prices were influenced by an unexpected slowdown in the growth of energy demand worldwideÂless than any year since 1990Âand by increases in oil supply, particularly in 1997. Although the increase in world oil production in 1998 was smaller than in any year since 1993, efforts to bolster prices by imposing further limits on production were

World Oil MarketsWorld Oil Markets International Energy Outlook 2004 World Oil Markets In the IEO2004 forecast, OPEC export volumes are expected to more than double while non-OPEC suppliers maintain their edge over OPEC in overall production. Prices are projected to rise gradually through 2025 as the oil resource base is further developed. Throughout most of 2003, crude oil prices remained near the top of the range preferred by producers in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), $22 to $28 per barrel for the OPEC Âbasket price.Â OPEC producers continued to demonstrate disciplined adherence to announced cutbacks in production. Throughout 2003, the upward turn in crude oil prices was brought about by a combination of three factors. First, a general strike against the Chavez regime resulted in a sudden loss of much of VenezuelaÂs oil exports. Although the other OPEC producers agreed to increase their production capacities to make up for the lost Venezuelan output, the obvious strain on worldwide spare capacity kept prices high. Second, price volatility was exacerbated by internal conflict in Nigeria. Third, prospects for a return to normalcy in the Iraqi oil sector remained uncertain as residual post-war turmoil continued in Iraq.

4 4 Notes: U.S. crude oil inventories reflect the world situation. U.S. inventories were drawn down in 1999 as world demand exceeded world supply of crude oil as OPEC cut back on production. Low crude oil inventories go hand in hand with low product inventories. Product inventories were also drawn down to help meet demand, as was seen with gasoline this Spring. The rise in crude oil inventories earlier this year, while indicating an improvement in the market balance, appears to be short-lived, just as we had predicted a few months ago. Looking at U.S. crude stock levels in April and May can be misleading, since increases then were more reflective of the surge in WTI and U.S. product prices in the 1st quarter. With U.S. crude oil stocks drawn down by more than 20 million barrels from

In the adaptive markets hypothesis (AMH) intelligent but fallible investors learn from and adapt to changing economic environments. This implies that markets are not always efficient but are usually competitive and adaptive, ...

As power markets are relatively new and still continue to evolve, there is a growing need for advanced modeling approaches that simulate the behavior of electricity markets over time and how market participants may act and react to the changing economic, financial and regulatory environments in which they operate. A new and rather promising approach is to model the electricity market as a complex adaptive system using an agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) approach. The purpose of an ABMS model is not necessarily to predict the outcome of a system but to reveal and understand the complex and aggregate system behaviors that emerge from the interactions of the heterogeneous individual entities. Emergent behavior is a key feature of ABMS and is not easily inferred from the simple sum of the behavior of its components. By relying on both established engineering modeling techniques as well as advanced quantitative economic market principles, the ABMS approach is uniquely suited to addressing the strategic issues of interest to different market participants as well as those of market monitors and regulators.

This presentation was given at the Oil Price Information Service National Supply Summit by Joanne Shore and John Hackworth. It covers the world oil market changes and the impact on domestic outlook for petroleum supply.

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This paper reviews the main events in the world oil market since 1973 and some major explanations as to what happened and why (Section I). Then there is a discussion of some projections for the next two decades and of some implications of various theories about OPEC's decisionmaking process (Section II). Section III summarizes what we have learned about modeling OPEC and the world oil market. This includes: the dominant theoretical approach based on the wealth-maximization model of Harold Hotelling (1931); the simulation approach most common in the applied literature, which envisages target-capacity-utilization pricing by OPEC; and the difficult problem of modeling price behavior during disruptions. Finally, Section IV discusses some important unresolved issues, both theoretical and empirical. A variety of contributions to the literature are considered, but the discussion pays special attention to two important recent works. One is the book OPEC Behavior and World Oil Prices (1982) (EAPA 9:3899) edited by James Griffin and David Teece, an important collection of papers on OPEC and world oil, prepared for a 1981 conference at the University of Houston. The other is the 1980 to 1981 world oil study by the Energy Modeling Forum of Stanford Univesity, which involved ten prominent models of the world oil market. 31 references.

Theory predicts that attribution bias creates overconfident traders and thus causes excessive trading in the market. This paper tests this prediction by comparing the trading behavior of individual investors in different marketconditions. In a bull market, investors suffer more from attribution bias and therefore should be more overconfident and trade more excessively. Using the trading records of Chinese individual investors from January 2005 to November 2008, we find that individual investors trade more excessively in a bull market than in a bear market, where excessive trading is measured following Odean (1999) and Barber and Odean (2001). Specifically, we find that in the bull market the securities bought by individual investors significantly underperform those sold in the subsequent periods of one and three months. In the bear market, however, individual investors do not make the similar suboptimal trading decisions as they do in the bull market. In addition, the poor trading decisions made in the bull market are due to poor security selection, and not due to poor market timing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that individual investors turn their portfolios more frequently and their performance measured by market abnormal returns is significantly worse in the bull market than in the bear market. Overall, these results provide strong evidence that attribution bias creates overconfident traders and thus causes excessive trading in the market. Key words: Attribution bias, individual trading behavior, bull market, and bear market.

Market Mill is a complex dependence pattern leading to nonlinear correlations and predictability in intraday dynamics of stock prices. The present paper puts together previous efforts to build a dynamical model reflecting the market mill asymmetries. We show that certain properties of the conditional dynamics at a single time scale result in the "elementary" market mill pattern. We discuss these properties as a mixture of trend-preserving and contrarian strategies used by market agents. Multiple time scale considerations make the resulting "composite" mill similar to the empirical market mill patterns. Multiscale model also reflects a multi-agent nature of the market.

PWP-069 Electricity Markets: Should the Rest of the World Adopt the UK Reforms? Catherine D;1 Electricity Markets: Should the Rest of the World Adopt the UK Reforms?1 By Catherine D. Wolfram2 Britain was one of the first countries to liberalize its electricity industry when it restructured and privatized

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "world market conditions" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
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The presentation explores potential refinery capacity increases over the next 5 years in various world regions, based on changing demand patterns, changing price incentives, and capacity expansion announcements.

Federal and state regulators are faced with the challenge of keeping interconnection procedures updated against a backdrop of evolving technology, new codes and standards, and considerably transformed marketconditions. This report is intended to educate policymakers and stakeholders on beneficial reforms that will keep interconnection processes efficient and cost-effective while maintaining a safe and reliable power system.

OPEC members have long been suspected of acting collusively in the market and the object of this dissertation is to estimate the degree of interdependence or the degree of collusion among the large producers in OPEC by analyzing their past output behavior. It is assumed that the oil industry in the non-Communist part of the world consists of a group of small producers acting as price takers and a group of large producers in OPEC setting the price in the market. Large producers may collude or act independently. In order to achieve the objective, a Nash-Cournot non-cooperative model of the world oil market is developed. This model assumes that the world oil industry is composed of a group of small producers acting as price takers (the fringe) and a group of large producers acting independently in the market. Each large producer maximizes his own sum of discounted profits while taking the sales paths of other large producers as well as the sales path of the fringe as given. The solution of the model leads to the optimal production path for an independent large producer, who operates in a market consisting of n independent large producers. This optimal production path, however, is applicable to individual large producers only if they all act independently in the market. Therefore, this optimal production path is modified into a general equation representing the optimal production path for an individual large producer in OPEC, whether he acts independently or colludes with other large producers.

This is an economic study of the world's oil market in which OPEC plays the central role in determining the oil supply and price. Understanding OPEC's behavior is at the core of understanding the world's oil market. However, oil is a resource belonging to the family of natural resources known as exhaustible. We do not produce oil; we only extract and distribute a fixed amount of the resource over generations. Optimal extraction is a matter of concern to both suppliers and consumers. First, it is shown that using the traditional theory of producers behavior in the conventional commodity markets to explain extractors behavior in exhaustible resource markets is completely wrong. Second, current models of OPEC behavior are reviewed. Third, an alternative model is introduced. Previous authors have not directed their models to give explanations to the peculiar observations in oil market. This model divides the world's oil suppliers into: the free riders (non-OPEC oil producers), the OPEC hawks (a group within OPEC) and the leak-producer price leader (Saudi Arabia). Three factors, namely relatively big oil reserves, no other sources of income, and the avoidance of the so-called backstop technology make Saudi Arabia more interested in lower oil prices than are other oil extractors.

The partial monopolization of the world oil market by the OPEC cartel has produced significant economic costs to the economies of the world. This paper reports estimates of the costs of monopolization of oil to the US over the period 1972--1991. Two fundamental assumptions of the analysis are, (1) that OPEC has acted as a monopoly, albeit with limited control, knowledge, and ability to act and, (2) that the US and other consuming nations could, through collective (social) action affect the cartel's ability to act as a monopoly. We measure total costs by comparing actual costs for the 1972--1991 period to a hypothetical more competitive'' world oil market scenario. By measuring past costs we avoid the enormous uncertainties about the future course of the world oil market and leave to the reader's judgment the issue of how much the future will be like the past. We note that total cost numbers cannot be used to determine the value of reducing US oil use by one barrel. They are useful for describing the overall size of the petroleum problem and are one important factor in deciding how much effort should be devoted to solving it. Monopoly pricing of oil transfers wealth from US oil consumers to foreign oil producers and, by increasing theeconomic scarcity of oil, reduces the economy's potential to produce. The actions of the OPEC cartel have also produced oil price shocks, both upward and downward, that generate additional costs because of the economy's inherent inability to adjust quickly to a large change in energy prices. Estimated total costs to the United States from these three sources for the 1972--1991 period are put at $4.1 trillion in 1990$($1.2 T wealth transfer, $0.8 T macroeconomic adjustment costs, $2.1 T potential GNP losses). The cost of the US's primary oil supply contingency program is small ($10 B) by comparison.

The partial monopolization of the world oil market by the OPEC cartel has produced significant economic costs to the economies of the world. This paper reports estimates of the costs of monopolization of oil to the US over the period 1972--1991. Two fundamental assumptions of the analysis are, (1) that OPEC has acted as a monopoly, albeit with limited control, knowledge, and ability to act and, (2) that the US and other consuming nations could, through collective (social) action affect the cartel`s ability to act as a monopoly. We measure total costs by comparing actual costs for the 1972--1991 period to a hypothetical ``more competitive`` world oil market scenario. By measuring past costs we avoid the enormous uncertainties about the future course of the world oil market and leave to the reader`s judgment the issue of how much the future will be like the past. We note that total cost numbers cannot be used to determine the value of reducing US oil use by one barrel. They are useful for describing the overall size of the petroleum problem and are one important factor in deciding how much effort should be devoted to solving it. Monopoly pricing of oil transfers wealth from US oil consumers to foreign oil producers and, by increasing theeconomic scarcity of oil, reduces the economy`s potential to produce. The actions of the OPEC cartel have also produced oil price shocks, both upward and downward, that generate additional costs because of the economy`s inherent inability to adjust quickly to a large change in energy prices. Estimated total costs to the United States from these three sources for the 1972--1991 period are put at $4.1 trillion in 1990$($1.2 T wealth transfer, $0.8 T macroeconomic adjustment costs, $2.1 T potential GNP losses). The cost of the US`s primary oil supply contingency program is small ($10 B) by comparison.

Dr. Singer feels that a revolution will take place in the world oil market provided government does not enact counterproductive policies, but stands aside to let market forces achieve their inevitable results. He observes that by the end of this decade, and certainly in the 1990s, the free world may require less than half of the oil it uses today - some 20 million barrels per day (mbd) instead of 50 mbd. However, some 75% of this oil, instead of the current 25%, will be refined into gasoline and other motor fuels, while natural gas, nuclear energy and coal in different forms will substitute for most of the fuel oil to produce heat and steam - generally at much lower cost. Oil has become too expensive to burn, and a major adjustment in world-wide use patterns is overdue. Three factors will bring about these dramatic changes: First, new coal technologies: they make it convenient to replace heavy fuel oil in existing oil-fired boilers. Second, advances in refinery technology: they can produce more light products, gasoline and motor fuels, and less heavy fuel oil from a barrel of crude oil. Third, and above all, the laws of economics: higher oil prices, by themselves, encourage conservation and substitution. In addition, large price differentials between higher-quality light crudes and heavy crudes that normally yield less gasoline put a significant premium on refinery upgrading. And wholesale prices for gasoline are greater and are rising faster than those of residual fuel oil. Squeezing out more gasoline can increase the value of a barrel of crude substantially. Dr. Singer notes that the coming revolution is not generally recognized because many of the demand and supply trends are just emerging. He proceeds to discuss the staggering consequences of such a revolution.

Oil consumption is expected to grow slowly into the next century, middle distillates are expected to be the fastest growing major products, and the quality of the typical crude fed to refineries will continue to deteriorate. Those are key challenges facing refiners around the world. Changing product specifications - from lead-free gasoline in Europe to new lube oils for tomorrow's engines - will also continue to demand more of refinery processes and equipment. Through it all, refiners will be faced with changing crude and products markets that will constantly test their ability to achieve a reasonable margin. The problems associated with excess capacity have not been completely solved; there is still considerable rationalization of worldwide capacity to be done. Success will depend in large part on the development and proper application of new technology, and the imaginative use of sophisticated operating techniques.

Following a review of the main events in the world oil market since 1973 and some of the major explanations of what happened and why, the author discusses projections for the next two decades and considers some implications of various theories of how decisions are made by OPEC. This includes the dominant theoretical approach that uses Hotelling's wealth-maximization model, the simulation approach of target-capacity-utilization pricing by OPEC, and the problem of modeling price behavior during disruptions. The final section discusses some of the important unresolved issues, such as supply and demand uncertainties, the best behavior for OPEC, and the dispute over OPEC's significance to events of the past decade. 31 references.

The lack of adequate transportation infrastructure in Brazil has been a bottleneck for the soybean producers for many years. Moreover, the costly inland transportation incurred from this bottleneck has resulted in a loss in competitiveness for Brazil compared to other exporting countries, especially the United States. If transportation costs are reduced by introducing improved infrastructure, Brazil is expected to increase its competitiveness in the world soybean market by increasing its exports and producer revenues. On the other hand, the United States and other significant soybean competing exporting countries are expected to lose market share as well as producer revenues. This study uses a spatial equilibrium model to analyze transportation infrastructure improvements proposed by the Brazilian government vis-à-vis enhance the nations soybean transportation network. The analyzed transportation improvements are: (i) the development of the Tapajós-Teles Pires waterway; (ii) the completion of the BR- 163 highway; (iii) the construction of the Mortes-Araguaia waterway; (iv) the Ferronorte railroad expansion to Rondonópolis and the linkage between the city of Rio Verde to Uberlândia; and (v) the Ferropar railroad expansion to the city of Dourados. The model specifies the Brazilian inland transportation network and the international ocean shipments. The model divides Brazil into 18 excess supply regions and 8 excess demand regions. The competing exporting countries are the United States, Argentina, Rest of South America (Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay), Canada, and India. The importing countries are composed of China, European Union, Southeast Asia, Mexico, and the Rest of the World. Results suggest these proposed transportation improvements yield potential noteworthy gains to Brazil with producer revenues increasing more than $500 million and exports increasing by 177 thousand metric tons. Consequently, the world soybean price declines by $1.16 per metric ton and producer revenues and exports in the United States fall by 63 thousand metric tons and $104.89 million, respectively. Although the absolute gains in price, revenues, and exports for Brazil are considerable, they only represent in relative changes 1.48, 2.35, and 0.32 percent, respectively. Similarly, the loss in price, revenue, and export value for the United States is also low, declining by 0.23, 0.23, and 0.12 percent, respectively.

The lack of adequate transportation infrastructure in Brazil has been a bottleneck for the
soybean producers for many years. Moreover, the costly inland transportation incurred
from this bottleneck has resulted in a loss in competitiveness for Brazil compared to
other exporting countries, especially the United States. If transportation costs are
reduced by introducing improved infrastructure, Brazil is expected to increase its
competitiveness in the world soybean market by increasing its exports and producer
revenues. On the other hand, the United States and other significant soybean competing
exporting countries are expected to lose market share as well as producer revenues.
This study uses a spatial equilibrium model to analyze transportation
infrastructure improvements proposed by the Brazilian government vis-a?-vis enhance the
nation's soybean transportation network. The analyzed transportation improvements are:
(i) the development of the Tapajo?s-Teles Pires waterway; (ii) the completion of the BR-
163 highway; (iii) the construction of the Mortes-Araguaia waterway; (iv) the Ferronorte
railroad expansion to Rondono?polis and the linkage between the city of Rio Verde to
Uberla?ndia; and (v) the Ferropar railroad expansion to the city of Dourados. The model
specifies the Brazilian inland transportation network and the international ocean shipments. The model divides Brazil into 18 excess supply regions and 8 excess demand
regions. The competing exporting countries are the United States, Argentina, Rest of
South America (Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay), Canada, and India. The importing
countries are composed of China, European Union, Southeast Asia, Mexico, and the
Rest of the World.
Results suggest these proposed transportation improvements yield potential
noteworthy gains to Brazil with producer revenues increasing more than $500 million
and exports increasing by 177 thousand metric tons. Consequently, the world soybean
price declines by $1.16 per metric ton and producer revenues and exports in the United
States fall by 63 thousand metric tons and $104.89 million, respectively. Although the
absolute gains in price, revenues, and exports for Brazil are considerable, they only
represent in relative changes 1.48, 2.35, and 0.32 percent, respectively. Similarly, the
loss in price, revenue, and export value for the United States is also low, declining by
0.23, 0.23, and 0.12 percent, respectively.

This paper draws from the survey by the National Petroleum Council (NPC) of industry representatives and consulting/forecasting organizations on the likely market configuration under two different world oil price scenarios. The pseudo-data approach treats the forecast price and quantity variables from the various forecasts as pooled time-series, cross-sectional data, and applies traditional econometric techniques to estimate supply and demand curves. We focus on estimating US domestic supply and demand curves and respondent-specific shift factors from a subsample of the NPC survey. We find that all respondents in the survey are more confident about demand than supply forecasts. The underlying differences in individual GNP forecasts account for much of the uncertainty in demand for most respondents, but are still 2 to 6 times more confident of demand than supply. 4 refs., 1 fig., 6 tabs.

The partial monopolization of the world oil market by the OPEC cartel has produced significant economic costs to the economies of the world. This paper reports estimates of the costs of monopolization of oil to the U.S. over the period 1972-1991. Two fundamental assumptions of the analysis are, (1) that OPEC has acted as a monopoly, albeit with limited control, knowledge, and ability to act and, (2) that the U.S. and other consuming nations could, through collective (social) action affect the cartel's ability to act as a monopoly. We measure total costs by comparing actual costs for the 1972-1991 period to a hypothetical ''more competitive'' world oil market scenario. By measuring past costs we avoid the enormous uncertainties about the future course of the world oil market and leave to the reader's judgment the issue of how much the future will be like the past. We note that total cost numbers cannot be used to determine the value of reducing U.S. oil use by one barrel. They are useful for describing the overall size of the petroleum problem and are one important factor in deciding how much effort should be devoted to solving it. Monopoly pricing of oil transfers wealth from US. oil consumers to foreign oil producers and, by increasing the economic scarcity of oil, reduces the economy's potential to produce. The actions of the OPEC Cartel have also produced oil price shocks, both upward and downward, that generate additional costs because of the economy's inherent inability to adjust quickly to a large change in energy prices. Estimated total costs to the United States from these three sources for the 1972-1991 period are put at $4.1 trillion in 1990$ ($1.2 T wealth transfer, $0.8 T macroeconomic adjustment costs, $2.1 T potential GNP losses). The cost of the US's primary oil supply contingency program is small ($10 B) by comparison.

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "world market conditions" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

World crude oil production in 1992 was virtually unchanged from 1991. Production last year averaged 59.96 million b/d, up only 17,000 b/d from 1991. Substantial production declines in the C.I.S. and U.S. were offset by increases among members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and a number of other countries outside the OPEC sphere. Figures from the International Energy Agency (IEA) show world demand for petroleum products moved up 300,000 b/d to 66.9 million b/d. This included an addition to stocks of an estimated 1000,000 b/d. IEA predicts world demand will continue to rise in 1993 and OPEC output will advance to meet this higher level. Even though OPEC production is expected to be up for the year, seasonal swings in demand can cause price fluctuations. The paper describes OPEC production, non-OPEC production, oil prices, the world oil supply, Russian's decline, world demand, and the outlook for 1993.

The M.I.T. World Oil Project has been developing improved methods and data for analysis of the future course of the world oil market. Any forecast of this market depends on analysis of the likely demand for oil imports by ...

5 World Oil Trends Chapter 1 WORLD OIL TRENDS INTRODUCTION In considering the outlook for California's petroleum supplies, it is important to give attention to expecta- tions of what the world oil market. Will world oil demand increase and, if so, by how much? How will world oil prices be affected

The restructuring of regional and national electricity markets in the U.S. and around the world has been accompanied by numerous problems, including generation capacity shortages, transmission congestion, wholesale price volatility, and reduced system reliability. These problems have created new opportunities for technologies and business approaches that allow load serving entities and other aggregators to control and manage the load patterns of wholesale and retail end-users they serve. Demand Response Programs, once called Load Management, have re-emerged as an important element in the fine-tuning of newly restructured electricity markets. During the summers of 1999 and 2001 they played a vital role in stabilizing wholesale markets and providing a hedge against generation shortfalls throughout the U.S.A. Demand Response Programs include ''traditional'' capacity reservation and interruptible/curtailable rates programs as well as voluntary demand bidding programs offered by either Load Serving Entities (LSEs) or regional Independent System Operators (ISOs). The Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL) has been monitoring the development of new types of Demand Response Programs both in the U.S. and around the world. This paper provides a survey and overview of the technologies and program designs that make up these emerging and important new programs.

& Resource Economics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA; cclin are generated for various specifications of the elasticity of demand for both isoelastic demand and linear demand under each of two possible market structures: perfect competition and monopoly. Prior to the 1973

number of assets. However, in most applications in ?nance the Gaussian as- sumption that underlies the two step procedure is likely to be violated. To capture the fat-tailed nature of the distribution of asset returns, it is more appropriate if the DCC... observations, but is nev- ertheless capable of rendering the devolatized returns approximately Gaussian. One of the main reasons for the non-Gaussian behavior daily returns is pres- ence of jumps in the return process as documented for a number of markets...

Quantile regression is an increasingly important empirical tool in economics and other sciences for analyzing the impact of a set of regressors on the conditional distribution of an outcome. Extremal quantile regression, ...

For many of us, roughly 95 percent of our time is spent indoors. To enable humans to spend this much time inside, mechanical equipment is necessary to provide space conditioning to control the temperature (heating and cooling), ventilation, humidity, and indoor air quality. This report introduces the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) industry to EPRI member utility employees. The document describes the most common technologies and applications and provides an overview of industry statisti...

A significant increase in the seaborne trade for coal over the past twenty years has unified formerly separate coal markets into a worldmarket in which prices move in tandem. Due to its large domestic market, the United ...

The potential for biomass fuels produced in decentralized facilities to replace the centrally produced fuels currently used in agriculture is examined. Two issues are examined. Will biomass fuels become cost-competitive relative to central fuels. And, what is the potential for biomass fuels to replace central fuels during emergency conditions when central fuels are unavailable. To answer these questions, descriptions of a range of currently available biomass technologies have been prepared and estimates made of current and projected agricultural fuel needs and biomass-feedstock availabilities. A variety of assumptions about future conditions have been adopted, the most important of which is that central fuel prices escalate at 7.5% annually relative to the commodities and inputs used to produce biomass fuel products. Under these assumptions, a number of biomass fuels will become cost-competitive during the 1980s, but most will do so late in the decade. Moreover, once these fuels become cost-competitive, penetration will occur gradually. Market forces thus will not markedly reduce the vulnerability of agriculture to energy-supply interruptions during this period. Biomass fuels could, however, play an important role during a fuel emergency. Estimates indicate they could replace up to about 60% of annual agricultural-sector fuel consumption by 1990, during the course of a fuel emergency of one year's duration.

The restructuring of regional and national electricity markets in the U.S. and around the world has been accompanied by numerous problems, including generation capacity shortages, transmission congestion, wholesale price volatility, and reduced system reliability. These problems have created new opportunities for technologies and business approaches that allow load serving entities and other aggregators to control and manage the load patterns of wholesale and retail end-users they serve. Demand Response Programs, once called Load Management, have re-emerged as an important element in the fine-tuning of newly restructured electricity markets. During the summers of 1999 and 2001 they played a vital role in stabilizing wholesale markets and providing a hedge

Abstract. The financial turmoil that began in mid?2007 produced severe stress in interbank markets and prompted significant changes in central banks funding operations. This paper examines how official interventions affected the efficiency and reliability of the secondary repo market as a mechanism for the distribution of interbank funding during this unusual period. The limit orderbook from the BrokerTec electronic repo trading platform is reconstructed to provide an accurate measure of available liquidity and funding opportunities at high frequency throughout the crisis. This provides insights about the effectiveness of liquidity provider of last resort  efforts by the ECB in reponse to the crisis.

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "world market conditions" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
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Deregulating power generation markets worldwide present both business opportunities and challenges for combustion turbine plant owners, operators, and project developers. EPRI's comprehensive Combustion Turbine/Combined Cycle (CT/CC) program provides a range of tools, methodologies, and approaches to help owner/operators and project developers face these challenges and prosper in this evolving marketplace. Access to this resource base in a timely, concise manner is key to delivering benefits in the new e...

Deregulating power generation markets worldwide present both business opportunities and challenges for combustion turbine (CT) plant owners, operators, and project developers. The "EPRI Gas Turbine Experience and Intelligence Report" (GTE&IR) provides concise, well-organized, up-to-date technical, strategic, and business information for combustion turbine (CT) power producers. This technical report assembles all of the content from the most recent three years of GTE&IR (seven editions) into a single docu...

Deregulating power generation markets worldwide present both business opportunities and challenges for combustion turbine plant owners, operators, and project developers. EPRI's comprehensive CT/CC program provides a range of tools, methodologies, and approaches to help owner/operators and project developers face these challenges and prosper in this evolving marketplace. Access to this resource base in a timely manner is key to delivering benefits in the new electricity marketplace. The EPRI "CT Experien...

The deregulation of power generation markets worldwide presents both business opportunities and challenges for combustion turbine plant owners, operators, and project developers. EPRI's comprehensive Combustion Turbine/Combined Cycle (CT/CC) program provides a range of tools, methodologies, and approaches to help owner/operators and project developers face these challenges and prosper in this evolving marketplace. Access to this resource base in a timely, concise manner is key to delivering benefits in t...

This report forms part of a project entitled 'World Biofuels Study'. The objective is to study world biofuel markets and to examine the possible contribution that biofuel imports could make to help meet the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA). The study was sponsored by the Biomass Program of the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), U.S. Department of Energy. It is a collaborative effort among the Office of Policy and International Affairs (PI), Department of Energy and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). The project consisted of three main components: (1) Assessment of the resource potential for biofuel feedstocks such as sugarcane, grains, soybean, palm oil and lignocellulosic crops and development of supply curves (ORNL). (2) Assessment of the cost and performance of biofuel production technologies (NREL). (3) Scenario-based analysis of world biofuel markets using the ETP global energy model with data developed in the first parts of the study (BNL). This report covers the modeling and analysis part of the project conducted by BNL in cooperation with PI. The Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) energy system model was used as the analytical tool for this study. ETP is a 15 region global model designed using the MARKAL framework. MARKAL-based models are partial equilibrium models that incorporate a description of the physical energy system and provide a bottom-up approach to study the entire energy system. ETP was updated for this study with biomass resource data and biofuel production technology cost and performance data developed by ORNL and NREL under Tasks 1 and 2 of this project. Many countries around the world are embarking on ambitious biofuel policies through renewable fuel standards and economic incentives. As a result, the global biofuel demand is expected to grow very rapidly over the next two decades, provided policymakers stay the course with their policy goals. This project relied on a scenario-based analysis to study global biofuel markets. Scenarios were designed to evaluate the impact of different policy proposals and marketconditions. World biofuel supply for selected scenarios is shown in Figure 1. The reference case total biofuel production increases from 12 billion gallons of ethanol equivalent in 2005 to 54 billion gallons in 2020 and 83 billion gallons in 2030. The scenarios analyzed show volumes ranging from 46 to 64 billion gallons in 2020, and from about 72 to about 100 billion gallons in 2030. The highest production worldwide occurs in the scenario with high feedstock availability combined with high oil prices and more rapid improvements in cellulosic biofuel conversion technologies. The lowest global production is found in the scenario with low feedstock availability, low oil prices and slower technology progress.

Online virtual worlds, such as Second Life, are rapidly becoming recognized as a technology of substantial future importance for marketers and advertisers. Many of these virtual worlds provide the potential medium for very rich and varied new and enhanced ... Keywords: MMOG, advertising, marketing, online game, second life, virtual world

Discussions of energy policy in an environmentally constrained world often focus on the use of tax instruments to internalize the external effects of energy utilization or achieve specified reductions in energy use in the most cost-effective manner. A substantial literature suggests, however, that significant opportunities exist to reduce energy utilization by implementing technologies that are cost-effective under prevailing economic conditions but that are not fully implemented by existing market institutions. This paper examines the theory of the market for energy-using equipment, showing that problems of imperfect information and transaction costs may bias rational consumers to purchase devices that use more energy than those that would be selected by a well-informed social planner guided by the criterion of economic efficiency. Consumers must base their purchase decisions on observed prices and expectations of postpurchase equipment performance. If it is difficult or costly for individuals to form accurate and precise expectations, the level of energy efficiency achieved by competitive markets will vary from the socially efficient outcome. Such market barriers'' suggest a role for regulatory intervention to improve market performance at prevailing energy prices.

Discussions of energy policy in an environmentally constrained world often focus on the use of tax instruments to internalize the external effects of energy utilization or achieve specified reductions in energy use in the most cost-effective manner. A substantial literature suggests, however, that significant opportunities exist to reduce energy utilization by implementing technologies that are cost-effective under prevailing economic conditions but that are not fully implemented by existing market institutions. This paper examines the theory of the market for energy-using equipment, showing that problems of imperfect information and transaction costs may bias rational consumers to purchase devices that use more energy than those that would be selected by a well-informed social planner guided by the criterion of economic efficiency. Consumers must base their purchase decisions on observed prices and expectations of postpurchase equipment performance. If it is difficult or costly for individuals to form accurate and precise expectations, the level of energy efficiency achieved by competitive markets will vary from the socially efficient outcome. Such ``market barriers`` suggest a role for regulatory intervention to improve market performance at prevailing energy prices.

TRANSMISSION EFFECTS IN MARKET POWER ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY MARKETS Thomas J. Overbye George Gross, congestion, merger analysis, PTDF 1. INTRODUCTION The electric power industry throughout the world of the impact that the electrical transmission system has on the analysis market power opportunities

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 2010 Solar Technologies Market Report details the marketconditions and trends for photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. Produced by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the report provides a comprehensive overview of the solar electricity market and identifies successes and trends within the market from both global and national perspectives.

Nuclear power forecasts prepared by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the United States Department of Energy are presented. The domestic forecasts from the EIA Annual Report to Congress for 1978 (published in July 1979) are detailed for the two time frames considered in the EIA analytical hierarchy: the midterm, encompassing the 1985, 1990, and 1995 milestones and the long term, beyond 1995 to the year 2020. EIA nuclear forecasts for the balance of nations in the World Outside Communist Areas (WOCA) are also presented through the year 2000. In turn, an assessment is made of the uranium consumption requirements implied by both the domestic and WOCA nuclear power forecasts. A discussion is included of appropriate fuel cycle assumptions, sensitivities, and price projections.

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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#12;China: Changing Wood Products Markets less is probably known about the forestry and wood products market in China than most other U.S. trading partners. In the 1980s China emerged as the world,11,12). However, U.S. wood products exports to China declined nearly 93 percent from 1988 to 1996, from $-I%3

The electric battery industry in Europe is discussed. As in any other part of the world, battery activity in Europe is dependent on people, prosperity, car numbers, and vehicle design. The European battery industry is discussed from the following viewpoints: battery performance, car design, battery production, marketing of batteries, battery life, and technology changes.

Worldmarketed production of natural gas in 1978 totaled 51.749 trillion CF (up from 50.1 TCF in 1977); this 3.3% increase, however, was slightly lower than 1977's 3.7% rise. US production, which fell 0.3% dropped to 38.6% of the world total, while the USSR share (13.137 TCF) accounted for 25.4% (for a growth rate of 7.5%). Of the world gross production of 62.032 TCF, 69.7% came from gas wells; the remainder was associated with oil. Thirty-one percent of the 10.282 TCF difference between gross and marketed gas production was used for oil reservoir repressuring, while the balance (7.094 TCF) was vented and flared. Internationally traded gas movements rose to 11.6% of production. The Netherlands, the USSR, and Canada accounted for 30.6%, 20.1% and 14.7%, respectively, of total 1978 exports. At 0.956 TCF, LNG shipments accounted for 15.9% of world trade, a 35.2% higher share than in 1977; most of this growth was due to increased Indonesia-to-Japan volumes.

The Americas USA, Brazil, Colombia, Argentina, Canada Asia/Pacific Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, China, India of biodiesel, and has a high demand for additional feedstocks which are met through imports. The study provides

In world crude oil markets, 1987 was a year of limited recovery and relative stability after the dramatic price slide of early 1986. Both foreign and domestic crude thereafter, ending the year somewhat higher than a year ago. In contrast, product wholesale markets remained relatively stable throughout the year, while retail prices sustained a fairly steady increase. As has been the case for over a decade, major price movements in international oil markets generally reflected responses to actual or perceived changes in the policies of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and/or its members. The year began with prices on an upward trend, in reaction to the December 1986 OPEC meeting in which the members resolved to return to an official pricing structure (a departure from the market-based pricing of 1986), and to reduce output quotas. Prices continued to rise until August, when evidence of continued OPEC overproduction appeared to outweigh market optimism, triggering a gradual slide that lasted the remainder of the year. Even with the downturn in the fourth quarter, crude oil markets in 1987, as measured by refiner acquisition costs, finished the year above year-end 1986 levels, and considerably above the lows reached in mid-1986. OPEC's struggle to maintain stable prices and production levels in 1987 reflected the organization's difficulties in reaching and enforcing agreements among its politically and economically diverse membership. 11 figs., 49 tabs.

The ongoing surge in new gas-fired capacity is changing the landscape of how natural gas will be used for power generation, leading to some surprising effects. While the new machines bring greater efficiency, the exit of dual-fuel units leads to a loss in fuel flexibility, greater natural gas price volatility, and less reliability of natural gas-fired generation. This report explores these effects systematically, bringing fresh insight on gas use in the electric sector, its market effects, and the ever-c...

The good news is that market stability can be achieved through a combination of longer-term contracts, auctions for far enough in the future to permit new entry, a capacity management system, and a demand curve. The bad news is that if and when stable capacity markets are designed, the markets may seem to be relatively close to where we started - with integrated resource planning. Market ideologues will find this anathema. (author)

Logo Oil Market Assessment - September Logo Oil Market Assessment - September 12, 2001 EIA Home Page Based on Energy Information Administration (EIA) contacts and trade press reports, overall U.S. and global oil supplies appear to have been minimally impacted by yesterday's terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Rumors of scattered closures of U.S. refineries, pipelines, and terminals were reported, and Louisiana Offshore Oil Port operations were partially suspended. While the NYMEX and New York Harbor were temporarily closed, operations are expected to resume soon. Most, if not all petroleum industry infrastructure is expected to resume normal operations today or in the very near term. Prices at all levels (where markets were open) posted increases yesterday, but many prices fell today, as initial reactions

IEA World Energy Outlook IEA World Energy Outlook Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: IEA World Energy Outlook Agency/Company /Organization: International Energy Agency Sector: Energy Focus Area: Conventional Energy, Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy Topics: Market analysis, Technology characterizations References: World Energy Outlook[1] The 2010 "edition of the World Energy Outlook - the International Energy Agency's flagship publication and leading source of analysis of global energy trends - presents updated projections of energy demand, production, trade and investment, fuel by fuel and region by region to 2035. WEO-2010 includes, for the first time, the result of a new scenario that takes account of the recent commitments that governments have made to

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Electricity Markets Electricity Markets Researchers in the electricity markets area conduct technical, economic, and policy analysis of energy topics centered on the U.S. electricity sector. Current research seeks to inform public and private decision-making on public-interest issues related to energy efficiency and demand response, renewable energy, electricity resource and transmission planning, electricity reliability and distributed generation resources. Research is conducted in the following areas: Energy efficiency research focused on portfolio planning and market assessment, design and implementation of a portfolio of energy efficiency programs that achieve various policy objectives, utility sector energy efficiency business models, options for administering energy efficiency

The recent guar trading scandal gives a peek into the murky world of Indian commodity futures markets and reveals how commodity exchanges are acting like casinos for speculators, moving away from their avowed objectives of price discovery and price risk management in an efficient and orderly manner. Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is a drought resistant crop grown mainly in Rajasthan and parts of Haryana and Punjab. The sowing season for guar seed begins in July and the crop is ready for harvesting in October. Most guar farmers sell their produce to traders at the farm gate and nearby markets. A part of produce is also kept by farmers for seed, animal feed and fodder purposes. India is the largest producer of guar seed in the world and accounts for 80 percent of the worlds total guar seed production. Guar gum, extracted from guar seed, is used as a thickening agent and additive in food products such as soups and ice-creams. Of late, the global demand for guar gum is growing rapidly because of its use in hydraulic fracking  process to extract oil and gas from shale. Almost 80 percent of countrys total production is exported to US, China and Europe. Considered as a narrow commodity due to its limited potential for cultivation in peculiar agroclimatic conditions, the total area under guar seed production was 2.9 million hectares in 2011. The prices of guar seed and guar gum vary from year to year depending on the monsoon conditions. Since 2004, guar seed and guar gum contracts are being traded in the Indian commodity futures markets.

The M.I.T. World Oil Project has been developing forecasting methods that integrate the following considerations which influence investment in oil capacity and the level of oil exports: (1) the geology and microeconomics ...

International Energy Studies Program (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

This article introduces the use of rigorous econometric tools to understand the geographic scope of the market for generation services. These tools are applied to data from the current wholesale electricity market in the western United States. The behavior of the current wholesale electricity market and the methods used to assess the expanse of the geographic market in the current wholesale electricity market can go a long way toward informing the discussion of pricing behavior and performance in a restructured electricity industry. First, the current wholesale electricity market is already effectively unregulated and suffers from the same technical complexities that face a retail electricity market. Consequently, understanding the supply and demand conditions that cause the extent of the geographic market for generation services to narrow in the current wholesale electricity market can shed light on which times the geographic expanse of the market may narrow in a restructures electricity market. Second, the techniques developed in this paper to assess the extent of the current wholesale electricity market can be applied readily to a restructured electricity market. Finally, because marketconditions in the electricity industry are likely to change significantly in the next few years, as the structure of the electricity sector changes dramatically, this analysis of the geographic expanse of the market can provide a useful benchmark against which to compare post-restructuring wholesale price relationships.

Power industry restructuring continues to evolve at multiple levels of system operations. At the bulk electricity level, several organizations charged with regional system operation are implementing versions of a Wholesale Power Market Platform (WPMP) in response to U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission initiatives. Recently the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and several regional initiatives have been pressing the integration of demand response as a resource for system operations. These policy and regulatory pressures are driving the exploration of new market designs at the wholesale and retail levels. The complex interplay among structural conditions, market protocols, and learning behaviors in relation to short-term and longer-term market performance demand a flexible computational environment where designs can be tested and sensitivities to power system and market rule changes can be explored. This paper presents the use of agent-based computational methods in the study of electricity markets at the wholesale and retail levels, and distinctions in problem formulation between these levels.

This article profiles the well servicing industry, focusing on the problems facing the industry under currently depressed marketconditions. The problems of rising operating costs, oil price uncertainty, and aging equipment are addressed specifically.

As part of the EIA program to provide energy information, this analysis report presents the current status and projections through 2015 of nuclear capacity, generation, and fuel cycle requirements for all countries in the world using nuclear power to generate electricity for commercial use. It also contains information and forecasts of developments in the uranium market. Long-term projections of US nuclear capacity, generation, and spent fuel discharges for two different scenarios through 2040 are developed for the Department of Energy`s Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM). In turn, the OCRWM provides partial funding for preparation of this report. The projections of uranium requirements are provided to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for preparation of the Nuclear Energy Agency/OECD report, Summary of Nuclear Power and Fuel Cycle Data in OECD Member Countries.

As part of the EIA program to provide energy information, this analysis report presents the current status and projections through 2010 of nuclear capacity, generation, and fuel cycle requirements for all countries in the world using nuclear power to generate electricity for commercial use. It also contains information and forecasts of developments in the uranium market. Long-term projections of US nuclear capacity, generation, and spent fuel discharges for three different scenarios through 2040 are developed for the Department of Energy`s Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM). In turn, the OCRWM provides partial funding for preparation of this report. The projections of uranium requirements are provided to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for preparation of the Nuclear Energy Agency/OECD report, Summary of Nuclear Power and Fuel Cycle Data in OECD Member Countries.

Distributed wind energy systems provide clean, renewable power for on-site use and help relieve pressure on the power grid while providing jobs and contributing to energy security for homes, farms, schools, factories, private and public facilities, distribution utilities, and remote locations. America pioneered small wind technology in the 1920s, and it is the only renewable energy industry segment that the United States still dominates in technology, manufacturing, and worldmarket share. The series of analyses covered by this report were conducted to assess some of the most likely ways that advanced wind turbines could be utilized apart from large, central station power systems. Each chapter represents a final report on specific market segments written by leading experts in this field. As such, this document does not speak with one voice but rather a compendium of different perspectives, which are documented from a variety of people in the U.S. distributed wind field.

The ubiquity of smartphones has led to the emergence of mobile crowdsourcing markets, where smartphone users participate to perform tasks in the physical world. Mobile crowdsourcing markets are uniquely different from their online counterparts in that ... Keywords: crowdsourcing, labor mobility, micro task markets, mobile crowdsourcing

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Â· workshops; Knowledge and information management;Â· Research, policy analysis, and market surveil-Â· lanceIncreasing access to the carbon market ENERGY, CLIMATE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2008 #12;2 World is growing in parallel. With a dynamic carbon market under constant development, the Energy and Carbon Fi

January 1984 forecasts by The McIlvaine Company project variable but promising worldwide industry trends for the coming year. The influence on the market of air pollution legislation (in particular, acid rain legislation), gauged by utility planning trends, is discussed in the context of a shifting worldmarket. Specialties within the segmented air pollution control market are categorized by the ''market leader'' concept, with which the author identifies a number of top companies as ''worldmarket leaders.''

A variety of programs are underway to address market barriers to the adoption of energy-efficient residential technologies and practices. Most are administered by utilities, states, or regions that rely on the Energy Star as a consistent platform for program marketing and messaging. This paper reviews regional and national market transformation activities for three key residential end-uses -- air conditioning, clothes washing, and lighting -- characterizing current and ongoing programs; reporting on progress; identifying market indicators; and discussing implications.

purpose of this Good Practice Note is to increase the awareness of the health risks related to occupational asbestos exposure, provide a list of resources on international good practices available to minimize these risks, and present an overview of some of the available product alternatives on the market. The need to address asbestos-containing materials (ACM) as a hazard is no longer under debate but a widely accepted fact. Practices regarding asbestos that are normally considered acceptable by the World Bank Group (WBG) in projects supported through its lending or other instruments are addressed in the WBGs General Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines. 1 This Good Practice Note provide background and context for the guidance in the WBG EHS Guidelines. Good practice is to minimize the health risks associated with ACM by avoiding their use in new construction and renovation, and, if installed asbestos-containing materials are encountered, by using internationally recognized standards and best practices (such as those presented in Appendix 3) to mitigate their impact. In all cases, the Bank expects borrowers and other clients of World Bank funding to use alternative materials wherever feasible.

world.gif (5615 bytes) world.gif (5615 bytes) The IEO99 projections indicate substantial growth in world energy use,including substantial increases for the developing economies of Asia and South America. Resource availability is not expected to limit the growth of energy markets. In 1998, expectations for economic growth and energy market performance in many areas of the world were dashed. The Asian economic crisis proved to be deeper and more persistent than originally anticipated, and the threat and reality of spillover effects grew through the year. Oil prices crashed. RussiaÂs economy collapsed. Economic and social problems intensified in energy- exporting countries and in emerging economies of Asia and South America. Deepening recession in Japan made recovery more difficult in Asia

World Energy Consumption World Energy Consumption picture of a printer Printer Friendly Version (PDF) This report presents international energy projections through 2020, prepared by the Energy Information Administration, including outlooks for major energy fuels and issues related to electricity, transportation, and the environment. The International Energy Outlook 2001 (IEO2001) presents the Energy Information Administration (EIA) outlook for world energy markets to 2020. Current trends in world energy markets are discussed in this chapter, followed by a presentation of the IEO2001 projections for energy consumption by primary energy source and for carbon emissions by fossil fuel. Uncertainty in the forecast is highlighted by an examination of alternative assumptions about economic growth and their impacts on the

This paper studies an application of hybrid systematic design in multiobjective market problems. The target problem is suggested as unstructured real world problem such that the objectives cannot be expressed mathematically and only a set of historical ... Keywords: Crude oil markets, Fuzzy rule-based system, Multiobjective problems, Neural networks

The emergence of a mobile data infrastructure interconnected with the Internet and television marks the advent of a new marketing channel based on mobile messaging and complementary to traditional marketing channels and the Internet. Mobile marketing ... Keywords: Case Studies, Disruptive Technologies, Emerging Technologies, Firm Competencies, Mobile Internet, New Market Entrants, Permission-Based Marketing, Public Policy

The IEO2000 projections indicate continued growth in world energy use, including large increases for the developing economies of Asia and South America. Energy resources are thought to be adequate to support the growth expected through 2020. The IEO2000 projections indicate continued growth in world energy use, including large increases for the developing economies of Asia and South America. Energy resources are thought to be adequate to support the growth expected through 2020. Current Trends Influencing World Energy Demand Changing world events and their effects on world energy markets shape the long-term view of trends in energy demand. Several developments in 1999Âshifting short-term world oil markets, the recovery of developing Asian markets, and a faster than expected recovery in the economies of the former Soviet UnionÂ are reflected in the projections presented in this yearÂs International Energy Outlook 2000 (IEO2000). In 1998, oil prices reached 20-year lows as a result of oil surpluses

World Bank World Bank Print | E-mail Page World Bank World Bank Home Doing Business with the World Bank Services for U.S. Companies Trade Events Links About the World Bank New Projects from the World Bank Understanding the Project Cycle The PSLO Program Contact Us Our Worldwide Network About Us Press Room Other Multilateral Development Banks Other Worldwide Markets Welcome to CS World Bank! The World Bank lends and invests billions of dollars in developing countries every year. This constant stream of funds is used to buy goods, consulting services, and civil works projects that contribute to economic development in those countries. The system of doing business with the World Bank is similar to government procurement systems in many countries. Our Global Network at Work Learn how a small manufacturing company began exporting to Turkey

This articule reviews the present (end of 1993) world-wide uranium market and attempts to focus on the 1994-2004 market. Market forces discussed include: (1) reactor uranium demand, (2) natural uranium production (3) utility inventory drawdown, (4) reprocessing products, (5) the Russian stockpile, (6) loans, and (7) inventories of HEU. The following conclusions were reached: (1) reactor demand will be satisfied during this period, (2) Russia could be the single most important influence on the world uranium market, (3) there would be no need for new mine development is the Russian material is allowed into the market, and (4) the market will be in oversupply, so price increases will be limited.

The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the largest greenhouse gas market ever established. The European Union is leading the world's first effort to mobilize market forces to tackle climate change. A precise ...

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is the largest greenhouse gas market ever established. The European Union is leading the world's first effort to mobilize market forces to tackle climate change. A precise ...

Market and engineering studies were performed for the world's only commercially available 3 kW class gas turbine generator, the IHI Aerospace Dynajet. The objectives of the market study were to determine the competitive ...

Social marketing has long been used in the field of public health, but its application in the environmental world is only a decade old. Although McKenzie-Mohr and Smith's (1999) guide to "community-based social marketing" ...

Middle East LPG producers will continue to dominate world export markets in 1996. Led by Saudi Arabia, the Middle East will produce nearly 26 million metric tons of LPG in million metric tons of LPG in 1996, more than 54% of the world`s almost 48 million metric tons of export LPG. In 2000, however, with world exports of LPG expanding to 58.9 million metric tons, Middle East suppliers; share will have remained flat, making up 31.7 million metric tons, or 53.9%. Saudi Arabia`s contribution will exceed 15 million metric tons, reflecting essentially no growth since 1995. These and other patterns, from data compiled by Purvin and Gertz, Dallas, and published earlier this year, show other suppliers of LPG, especially African (Algeria/Nigeria), North Sea, and Latin American (Venezuela/Argentina), picking up larger shares in the last 5 years of this decade. This scenario assumes completion of several major supply projects that are either panned, under construction, or nearing start up in most of these areas. The paper discusses the global picture, the supply situation in the Middle East, Africa, the North Sea, and South America.

Mass Market Demand Response Mass Market Demand Response Speaker(s): Karen Herter Date: July 24, 2002 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Demand response programs are often quickly and poorly crafted in reaction to an energy crisis and disappear once the crisis subsides, ensuring that the electricity system will be unprepared when the next crisis hits. In this paper, we propose to eliminate the event-driven nature of demand response programs by considering demand responsiveness a component of the utility obligation to serve. As such, demand response can be required as a condition of service, and the offering of demand response rates becomes a requirement of utilities as an element of customer service. Using this foundation, we explore the costs and benefits of a smart thermostat-based demand response system capable of two types of programs: (1) a mandatory,

This report in the Hawaii Energy Strategy Project examines world and regional fossil energy dynamics. The topics of the report include fossil energy characteristics, the world oil industry including reserves, production, consumption, exporters, importers, refining, products and their uses, history and trends in the global oil market and the Asia-Pacific market; world gas industry including reserves, production, consumption, exporters, importers, processing, gas-based products, international gas market and the emerging Asia-Pacific gas market; the world coal industry including reserves, classification and quality, utilization, transportation, pricing, world coal market, Asia-Pacific coal outlook, trends in Europe and the Americas; and environmental trends affecting fossil fuels. 132 figs., 46 tabs.

Although tidally locked habitable planets orbiting nearby M-dwarf stars are among the best astronomical targets to search for extrasolar life, they may also be deficient in volatiles and water. Climate models for this class of planets show atmospheric transport of water from the dayside to the nightside, where it is precipitated as snow and trapped as ice. Since ice only slowly flows back to the dayside upon accumulation, the resulting hydrological cycle can trap a large amount of water in the form of nightside ice. Using ice sheet dynamical and thermodynamical constraints, I illustrate how planets with less than about a quarter the Earth's oceans could trap most of their surface water on the nightside. This would leave their dayside, where habitable conditions are met, potentially dry. The amount and distribution of residual liquid water on the dayside depend on a variety of geophysical factors, including the efficiency of rock weathering at regulating atmospheric CO{sub 2} as dayside ocean basins dry up. Water-trapped worlds with dry daysides may offer similar advantages as land planets for habitability, by contrast with worlds where more abundant water freely flows around the globe.

We propose coalescent mechanism of firms growing, driving by the supply and redistribution of external resources. We show, that it leads to Zipf distribution of firms over their sizes, which turns to stretched exponent because of size-dependent effects. We also present new approach to describe fluctuations in the market, based on separation of hot (short-time) and cold (long-time) degrees of freedoms. It predicts observable tent-like distribution of firm grow rates with the same exponent of the power tail for different time scales. The theory explains observable grow and decrease asymmetry of the distribution, and its dependence on firm size. We also calculate the uni- and bivariate probability distributions of price fluctuations in financial market. The model takes into account feedback between price expectations and the real price, and explains first time all the set of empirical data for all groups of stocks: "compass rose" and "market mill" patterns, conditional distribution, "D-smile", z-shaped response,...

1 1 Notes: Next we examine the wholesale market's added contribution to gasoline price variation and analyze the factors that impact the gasoline balance. There are two points to take away from this chart: The U.S. market moves with the worldmarket, as can be seen with the high inventories in 1998, being drawn down to low levels during 1999. Crude and product markets are not independent. Crude oil and product markets move together fairly closely, with some lead/lag effects during transitions. The relationship between international crude oil markets and domestic product markets raises another issue. A subtle, but very important point, lost in recent discussions of gasoline price increases: The statement has been made that crude markets are not a factor in this past spring's high gasoline prices, since crude prices were

The purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis of the existence of a single economic market for the international coal industry, separated for coking and steam coal, and to investigate market integration over time. This has been conducted by applying cointegration and error-correction models on quarterly price series data in Europe and Japan over the time period 1980-2000. Both the coking and the steam coal markets show evidence of global market integration, as demonstrated by the stable long-run cointegrating relationship between the respective price series in different world regions. This supports the hypothesis of a globally integrated market. However, when analyzing market integration over time it is not possible to confirm cointegration in the 1990s for steam coal. Thus, compared to the coking coal market, the steam coal market looks somewhat less global in scope.

Prompted by the contemporaneous spike in coal, oil, and natural gas prices, this paper evaluates the degree of market integration both within and between crude oil, coal, and natural gas markets. Our approach yields parameters that can be readily tested against a priori conjectures. Using daily price data for five very different crude oils, we conclude that the world oil market is a single, highly integrated economic market. On the other hand, coal prices at five trading locations across the United States are cointegrated, but the degree of market integration is much weaker, particularly between Western and Eastern coals. Finally, we show that crude oil, coal, and natural gas markets are only very weakly integrated. Our results indicate that there is not a primary energy market. Despite current price peaks, it is not useful to think of a primary energy market, except in a very long run context.

Electricity markets in the United States exhibit two different forms of organization: decentralized bilateral trading and centralized auction markets. Using detailed data on prices, quantities, and production costs, we examine how market outcomes changed when a large region in the Eastern US rapidly switched from a bilateral system of trade to a well-designed centralized auction market in 2004. Although economic theory yields ambiguous predictions, the empirical evidence indicates that shifting the venue of trade substantially improved overall market efficiency, and that these efficiency gains far exceeded implementation costs. Our analysis points to the merits of organized market institutions for electricity, a central issue in policy debates over market-oriented regulatory reforms.

This paper argues that the market rules governing the operation of the England and Wales electricity market in combination with the structure of this market presents the two major generators---National Power and PowerGen---with opportunities to earn revenues substantially in excess of their costs of production for short periods of time. Generators competing to serve this market have two strategic weapons at their disposal: (1) the price bid for each generation set and (2) the capacity of each generation set made available to supply the market each half-hour period during the day. We argue that because of the rules governing the price determination process in this market, by the strategic use of capacity availability declarations, when conditions exogenous to the behavior of the two major generators favor it, these two generators are able to obtain prices for their output substantially in excess of their marginal costs of generation. The paper establishes these points in the following manner. First, we provide a description of the market structure and rules governing the operation of the England and Wales electricity market, emphasizing those aspects that are important to the success of the strategy we believe the two generators use to exercise market power. We then summarize the time series properties of the price of electricity emerging from this market structure and price-setting process. By analyzing four fiscal years of actual market prices, quantities and generator bids into the market, we provide various pieces of evidence in favor of the strategic use of the market rules by the two major participants. The paper closes with a discussion of the lessons that the England and Wales experience can provide for the design of competitive power markets in the US, particula...

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and information about market procedures, and to Frank Wolak for comments on an earlier draft. v7.55 #12). It seeks to identify specific market rules and pro- tocols that can speed information revelation, discover involved in energy production and its delivery. During the past decade, this heterogeneity in market

Major LPG projects planned or under way in Africa will increase the importance of that region`s presence in world LPG trade. Supplies will nearly double between 1995 and 2005, at which time they will remain steady for at least 10 years. At the same time that exports are leveling, however, increasing domestic demand for PG is likely to reduce export-market participation by Algeria, Nigeria, Egypt, and Libya. The growth of Africa`s participation in world LPG supply is reflected in comparisons for the next 15--20 years. Total world supply of LPG in 1995 was about 165 million metric tons (tonnes), of which Africans share was 7.8 million tonnes. By 2000, world supply will grow to slightly more than 200 million tonnes, with Africa`s share expected to increase to 13.2 million tonnes (6.6%). And by 2005, world LPG supply will reach nearly 230 million tonnes; Africa`s overall supply volumes by that year will be nearly 16.2 million tonnes (7%). World LPG supply for export in 1995 was on order of 44 million tonnes with Africa supply about 4 million tonnes (9%). By 2005, world export volumes of LPG will reach nearly 70 million tonnes; Africa`s share will have grown by nearly 10 million tonnes (14.3%).

In this paper the authors review what has happened in world oil markets since the 1970s and examine the prospects for OPEC and world oil prices. The paper summarizes the data for the last two decades: by fuel, by product, and by region. It focuses on OPEC and its members, examining the differences in behavior between its members and non-OPEC producers. The authors find that OPEC is clearly still relevant, if no longer very powerful. Its members have collectively reduced output dramatically, in an unsuccessful attempt to defend the price increases. They examine the important institutional changes of the last two decades, in comparison with the industry's stability for much of the century. They suggest an interpretation of OPEC's current situation. The paper summarizes the outlook for OPEC and the world oil market over the next two decades.

In 2011, China continues to be the world's largest recipient of direct foreign investment-which in 2010 totaled US$105 billion. China is also the world's second largest economy after the U.S. Once a staunchly Communist state, China now advocates a "social ... Keywords: China, Communitarian Business System, Social Market Economy, Stakeholder Business System, Stakeholders

A prototype market analysis methodology to provide DOE decision makers guidance in evaluating and selecting strategies that promote energy conservation technologies is discussed. The methodology, named MASCOT (Market Analysis System for COnservation Technologies), was designed for the residential water heating market. However, the basic logic can be extended to other market segments, such as space heating and conditioning, and the commercial sector. MASCOT forecasts the market performance of any arbitrary set of technologies that the user chooses. The methodology captures the time-varying effects of technological and economic changes in the market, determines the critical features for new water heating technologies, calculates the likely energy impacts from the use of the actual technologies, and provides information concerning the sensitivity of the results to assumptions about marketconditions, technology characteristics, and the factors underlying market penetration. (PSB)

PV Installation Labor Market Analysis PV Installation Labor Market Analysis and PV JEDI Tool Developments Barry Friedman NREL Strategic Energy Analysis Center May 16, 2012 World Renewable Energy Forum Denver, Colorado NREL/PR-6A20-55130 NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Disclaimer 2 DISCLAIMER AGREEMENT These information ("Data") are provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory ("NREL"), which is operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC ("Alliance") for the U.S. Department of Energy (the "DOE"). It is recognized that disclosure of these Data is provided under the following conditions and warnings: (1) these Data have been prepared for reference purposes only; (2) these Data consist of forecasts, estimates or assumptions made on a best-

EPRI's first seminar on electricity market simulation provided a forum for discussion of potential modifications and applications for this new technology, specifically in the areas of market design and operations. The resounding messages heard from both speakers and participants were as follows: o The use of simulation for electricity markets has the potential to help society avoid devastating costs due to market flaws. o Market simulation can be broadly applied with a diverse set of potential users. o C...

August 27, 2007 August 27, 2007 REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS RENEWABLE ENERGY CERTIFICATES Issued by: World Resources Institute on behalf of select corporate partners in the GREEN POWER MARKET DEVELOPMENT GROUP BACKGROUND Convened in 2000 by the World Resources Institute, the Green Power Market Development Group is a unique commercial and industrial partnership dedicated to building corporate markets for green power. The Group is transforming energy markets to enable corporate buyers to diversify their energy portfolios and reduce their impact on climate change. Group partners are Alcoa Inc., British Telecom, the Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, FedEx Kinko's, General Motors, Georgia-Pacific LLC, Google, IBM, Interface, Johnson & Johnson, Michelin NA Inc., NatureWorks LLC, Pitney Bowes,

amount of LNG imported will depend crucially on the development of the natural gas reserves in the region distribution companies, transmission companies, liquefied natural gas importers, and associate member companies and the Natural Gas markets and the conditions and influences on both markets. Load-growth influences the need

World oil prices in AEO2005 are set in an environment where the members of OPEC are assumed to act as the dominant producers, with lower production costs than other supply regions or countries. Non-OPEC oil producers are assumed to behave competitively, producing as much oil as they can profitability extract at the market price for oil. As a result, the OPEC member countries will be able effectively to set the price of oil when they can act in concert by varying their aggregate production. Alternatively, OPEC members could target a fixed level of production and let the worldmarket determine the price.

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As economic indicators reflect the growth throughout the world following several years of stagnation, energy demand, particularly petroleum, is picking up as well. After enduring historically low oil prices, oil producers welcome the higher demand, but seek higher prices. To accomplish this, OPEC has adopted a long term fundamental strategy in contrast to reacting to short term market volatility in the past. This issue details regional oil demand and output around the world.

Appliance ownership and production has increased dramatically in China in the past two decades. From extremely low levels in 1980, China's appliance industry has become one of the largest in the world, with sales topping U.S. $14.4 billion in 2000. In 1981, less than 1 percent of urban Chinese households owned a refrigerator; by 1998, that number had increased to over 75 percent. This dramatic increase in sales and ownership leads to an excellent opportunity to impact energy consumption in China by affecting the energy efficiency of appliances being bought and sold. In general, Chinese consumers value energy efficiency and are knowledgeable about the operating costs of major appliances. However, the Chinese marketplace does not provide information that consumers trust about the energy consumption of specific products. Thus, several interdependent organizations have emerged in China to provide information and market supports for energy efficiency. This paper describes the appliance market in China and the evolution of its standards and labeling programs and the agencies that implement them. It discusses the authors' work with these organizations in developing energy efficiency criteria and supporting an energy efficiency endorsement labeling program in China. It describes how the authors have used their experience with ENERGY STAR{reg_sign} and other programs in the U.S. to work with China to develop a successful program specific to Chinese conditions, with a particular emphasis on refrigerators. It then gives the author's market assessment of the Chinese refrigerator market and recommendations for a successful labeling program and transferable lessons for developing energy efficiency labeling programs in varied markets. This paper is based on the authors' market research, their support in setting energy efficiency criteria in China, interviews with Chinese manufacturers, retailers, and sales staff, and the development and implementation of labeling strategies and promotion in China.

Marketing alternative fueled vehicles is a difficult challenge for automakers. The foundation of the market, the terms of competition, and the customer segments involved are still being defined. But automakers can draw ...

This thesis is about marketplaces in general, and one flea · market in particular. It explores some of the physical potentials the market has for generating a building and some of the social implications of a controversy ...

We introduce a class of utility-based market makers that always accept orders at their risk-neutral prices. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for such market makers to have bounded loss. We prove that hyperbolic absolute risk aversion utility market makers are equivalent to weighted pseudospherical scoring rule market makers. In particular, Hansons logarithmic scoring rule market maker corresponds to a negative exponential utility market maker in our framework. We describe a third equivalent formulation based on maintaining a cost function that seems most natural for implementation purposes, and we illustrate how to translate among the three equivalent formulations. We examine the tradeoff between the markets liquidity and the market makers worst-case loss. For a fixed bound on worst-case loss, some market makers exhibit greater liquidity near uniform prices and some exhibit greater liquidity near extreme prices, but no market maker can exhibit uniformly greater liquidity in all regimes. For a fixed minimum liquidity level, we give the lower bound of market makers worst-case loss under some regularity conditions. 1

This CD-ROM is a compilation of the PowerPoint presentations given at the 2005 World Oleochemical Conference, Meeting Demands of the Future, held 10-13 April 2005, Athens, Greece. 2005 World Oleochemical Conference DVD & CD-ROMs Food Science & Technology

Integration of physical transactions and financial contracts is central to successful electricity market design. Virtually every energy transaction has some impact on prices. The mere fact that a physical transaction can affect prices to some degree, and thereby influence the prices of related financial contracts, cannot be a per se definition of price manipulation. A principled policy for characterizing price manipulation in organized electricity markets includes a stand-alone profitability test. Multiple market-clearing prices arise from degenerate pricing conditions that can occur in electricity markets under economic dispatch. In some instances, small changes in bilateral schedules can produce large changes in prices. These prices affect the value of associated financial transmission rights. A stand-alone profitability test distinguishes transactions that are consistent with workably competitive markets from transactions that serve no economic purpose other than to manipulate prices and profit from other financial contracts. Generalizing this standard to the degenerate conditions that give rise to multiple market-clearing prices provides a principled solution without undermining the market-design foundations that integrate economic dispatch, locational prices and financial transmission rights.

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The market for steam equipment has been relatively level. Looking ahead, manufacturers anticipate steady market growth worldwide. Steam equipment manufacturers share a similar view of the market for next few years - upward. The steady upward climb is being attributed to a number of factors that will benefit steam turbine and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) makers.

Firms in several markets attract consumers by offering discounts in other unrelated markets. This promotion strategy, which we call cross-market discounts, has been successfully adopted in the last few years by many grocery retailers in ... Keywords: competition, fuelperks!, game theory, nonlinear pricing, retail promotions

Advocates of deregulating electricity markets claimed that allowing competition would benefit consumers by increasing efficiency and reducing costs. They viewed electricity as a commodity much like any other, and overlooked the ways in which electricitys many distinct features hinder the development of competitive market structures. While competitive features were introduced into electricity markets in the last 10 years, the necessary elements for the market structure of competitionlarge number of sellers, ease of entry, and transparency of informationare still not in place. 1 This bibliography was prepared as an addendum to the 2006 Performance Review of Electric Power Markets

Transformation Market Transformation is based on the concept that federal support can catalyze a market to achieve economic and environmental benefits that can reduce costs through economies of scale. Adoption of fuel cells in emerging markets expands the growth of green jobs, with new opportunities in manufacturing, fuel cell maintenance and support systems, and domestic hydrogen fuel production and delivery. By providing reliable field operations data and increasing user confidence, early market deployments help overcome non-technical challenges like developing appropriate safety codes and standards and reducing high insurance costs. Strategies Market Transformation's primary goal is to accelerate the expansion of hydrogen and fuel cell use by lowering the life

Products from Indonesia's Arun LNG plant, one of the world's largest, have recently entered the Far East LPG markets. This is the first of two articles about the plant and its processes for producing both LNG and LPG's.

The worldmarket for steam coal is assessed. In recent years, much has changed in the world coal markets and in the expected opportunities for coal exports from the US. As an example, the overseas steam coal exports climbed from about 2 million tons in 1979 to about 35 million tons in 1981. Since then the overseas steam coal exports have fallen to 27 million tons in 1982 and to 17 million tons in 1983. In addition, metallurgical coal exports to overseas customers dropped from 60 million tons in 1982 to 43 million tons in 1983. This market guide is divided into four sections: Section one contains a review of the most frequently asked questions by individuals interested in the overseas coal markets and the role of US producers in this market; Section two contains an overview of the market for US steam and metallurgical coal exports, including forecasts of import demands, potential US market share, and the factors affecting this market share; Section three contains an outline of the current structure of the steam coal export trade in the US and the potential developments that will influence its future, and Section four contains a review of the important data on the nature of the energy-using industries, utilities and power plants, cement plants, coal quality requirements, and ports of the major steam and metallurgical coal importing countries. 14 figures, 45 tables.

The 1983 edition of the World Coal Outlook to the Year 2000 examines the worldwide impact of lower oil prices and lower economic activity on the demand, production, and international trade in coal. The report includes detailed regional forecasts of coal demand by end-use application. Regions include the US, Canada, Western Europe, Japan, Other Asia, Latin America, Africa, Australia/New Zealand, Communist Europe, and Communist Asia. In addition, regional coal production forecasts are provided with a detailed analysis of regional coal trade patterns. In all instances, the changes relative to Chase's previous forecasts are shown. Because of the current situation in the oil market, the report includes an analysis of the competitive position of coal relative to oil in the generation of electricity, and in industrial steam applications. The report concludes with an examination of the impact of an oil price collapse on the international markets for coal.

Policy initiatives designed to foster competition among electricity generators in Texas face a special challenge due to the relative isolation of that system. This isolation contributes to high levels of market concentration and market power that could hinder the development of a truly competitive market. This paper examines market concentration and market power in the ERCOT market for electricity generation by calculating the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) under various assumptions to gauge the degree of market concentration among generators in ERCOT. In addition, some ongoing studies of market power in ERCOT are discussed. The distinction between market concentration and market power is highlighted.

The topics discussed in this book are: Introduction. 1. Air Conditioning - An Ever Expanding Market. 2. Building Envelope Design and Air Contitioning. 3. Air Conditioning and Energy - The CIBSE Building Energy Code. 4. Thermal Storage in Air Conditioning Systems. 5. Good Practice in the Design and Construction of Air Conditioning Systems. 6. Software for Air Conditioning Load Analysis and Design. 7. Lloyd's of London - The Architecture of Air Conditioning - Prediction of the Environment.

5 5 Notes: The crude market is the major factor behind todayÂs low stocks. This graph shows the balance between world production and demand for petroleum. Normally, production exceeds demand in the summer, building stocks, and is less than demand in the winter months, drawing the stocks back down (dark blue areas). However, production exceeded demand through most of 1997 and 1998, building world stocks to very high levels and driving prices down. But the situation reversed in 1999. Recently, there has been more petroleum demand than supply, requiring the use of stocks to meet petroleum needs. Following the extremely low crude oil prices at the beginning of 1999, OPEC agreed to remove about 6% of world production from the market in order to work off excess inventories and bring prices back up.

During 1978 the federal government passed legislation allowing a major increase in natural gas prices and offering hope that some portion of the supply will be allowed to reach free market levels. The mechanism for decontrol of crude oil was also put into effect. This favorable government action and higher world oil prices have led to a major resurgence in domestic exploration. In addition to the supply effects, there appears to have been a substantial demand response to the latest round of world oil price increases. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how these events have affected domestic LPG markets and pricing.

The potential impact on the uranium market of highly enriched uranium from nuclear weapons dismantling in the Russian Federation and the USA is analyzed. Uranium supply, conversion, and enrichment factors are outlined for each country; inventories are also listed. The enrichment component and conversion components are expected to cause little disruption to uranium markets. The uranium component of Russian derived enriched uranium hexafluoride is unresolved; US legislation places constraints on its introduction into the US market.

Forward markets, both medium term and long term, complement the spot market for wholesale electricity. The forward markets reduce risk, mitigate market power, and coordinate new investment. In the medium term, a forward energy market lets suppliers and demanders lock in energy prices and quantities for one to three years. In the long term, a forward reliability market assures adequate resources are available when they are needed most. The forward markets reduce risk for both sides of the market, since they reduce the quantity of energy that trades at the more volatile spot price. Spot market power is mitigated by putting suppliers and demanders in a more balanced position at the time of the spot market. The markets also reduce transaction costs and improve liquidity and transparency. Recent innovations to the Colombia market illustrate the basic elements of the forward markets and their beneficial role. 1

The short-term power exchange offers a glimpse of the deregulated power market. As the electric power industry goes the way of other formerly regulated monopolicies in the United States, incentives will continue to grow for novel ways to trade electricity in hitherto uncharted markets. The emergence of open power markets. The emergence of open power markets thus far has been a patchwork affair. Federally mandated competition in wholesale markets has only recently taken place and all jurisdictional transmission owners must file open access transmission tariffs with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The national agenda has been spotted here and there by state or even utility-specific efforts to unlock retail markets but most of these will take years to implement. Thus, the most common complaint of power market professions is a basic one: It is difficult to determine the market price of electricity. The basic building blocks of an efficient market are missing, e.g. no multitudes of willing buyers and sellers, few arms-length purchases, no price transparency.

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Abstract. We examine the effect of a market pricing policy designed to attract high-valued traders in a multiple market context using JCAT software. Our experiments show that a simple change to pricing policy can create market performance effects that traditional adaptive trading agents are unable to recognize or capitalize on, but that market-policy-aware trading agents can generally obtain. This suggests as parameterized and tunable markets become more common, trading strategies will increasingly need to be conditional on each individual markets policies.

Five dimensional neutral rotating black rings are described from a Randall-Sundrum brane world perspective in the bulk black string framework. To this end we consider a rotating black string extension of a five dimensional black ring into the bulk of a six dimensional Randall-Sundrum brane world with a single four brane. The bulk solution intercepts the four brane in a five dimensional black ring with the usual curvature singularity on the brane. The bulk geodesics restricted to the plane of rotation of the black ring are constructed and their projections on the four brane match with the usual black ring geodesics restricted to the same plane. The asymptotic nature of the bulk geodesics are elucidated with reference to a bulk singularity at the AdS horizon. We further discuss the description of a brane world black ring as a limit of a boosted bulk black 2 brane with periodic identification.

This report summarizes die research by an Energy Modeling Forum working group on the evolution of the North American natural gas markets between now and 2010. The group's findings are based partly on the results of a set of economic models of the natural gas industry that were run for four scenarios representing significantly different conditions: two oil price scenarios (upper and lower), a smaller total US resource base (low US resource case), and increased potential gas demand for electric generation (high US demand case). Several issues, such as the direction of regulatory policy and the size of the gas resource base, were analyzed separately without the use of models.

Globalization has transformed the markets in which agricultural goods are traded, placing new demands on farmers around the world. In developing countries, smallholder and peasant farmers lack many of the resources needed ...

Many Real Estate investment firms are looking to the world's emerging economies in their real estate investment strategies to seek optimal returns in opaque or inefficient markets. Although these investments carry increased ...

In its Global Economics Paper Nc.134, the Goldman Sachs Economics Group highlights the West African country of Nigeria as having the potential to be among the next generation of emerging markets around the world the next ...

This handbook represents a single-source guide to the selection of space-conditioning equipment for commercial facilities. Written for the utility marketing representative, it provides information on these topics: heating, cooling, ventilation, and dehumidification requirements of commercial buildings; customer needs when selecting a space-conditioning system; and, the options among energy-efficient electric space-conditioning systems for commercial buildings.

Electricity markets are complex systems due to their deregulation and restructuring. We develop an agent-based simulation model for a stylized electricity pool market and simulate the market as a repeated game. An online hill climbing with adjustment ...

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NREL's deployment and market transformation (D and MT) activities encompass the laboratory's full range of technologies, which span the energy efficiency and renewable energy spectrum. NREL staff educates partners on how they can advance sustainable energy applications and also provides clients with best practices for reducing barriers to innovation and market transformation.

The prices for internally traded coal in the USA have reached record levels and the future market fundamentals look very good. This is mainly due to Asian demand. The article discusses recent markets for US coal and summarizes findings of a recent study by Hill & Associates entitled 'International coal trade - supply, demand and prices to 2025'. 1 ref., 2 tabs.

NREL's deployment and market transformation (D and MT) activities encompass the laboratory's full range of technologies, which span the energy efficiency and renewable energy spectrum. NREL staff educates partners on how they can advance sustainable energy applications and also provides clients with best practices for reducing barriers to innovation and market transformation.

The 20 papers contained in this volume deal with the global markets for methanol, the production of MTBE, integrating methanol production into a coal-to-SNG complex, production of methanol from natural gas, catalysts for methanol production from various synthesis gases, combined cycle power plants using methanol as fuel, and economics of the methanol industry. All papers have been processed for inclusion on the data base.

agent can "move" the current price of a market towards their prediction. While this movement still conditions, always moves the price directly towards beliefs of the agents. We present a modified version information to forecast future events. For a heavily traded prediction market, such as whether Obama

Market Module Market Module This page inTenTionally lefT blank 101 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2013 Electricity Market Module The NEMS Electricity Market Module (EMM) represents the capacity planning, dispatching, and pricing of electricity. It is composed of four submodules-electricity capacity planning, electricity fuel dispatching, electricity load and demand, and electricity finance and pricing. It includes nonutility capacity and generation, and electricity transmission and trade. A detailed description of the EMM is provided in the EIA publication, Electricity Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System 2013, DOE/EIA-M068(2013). Based on fuel prices and electricity demands provided by the other modules of the NEMS, the EMM determines the most

BASED BASED APPROACHES K.G. DULEEP MANAGING DIRECTOR EEA BACKGROUND * Introduction of fuel-cell vehicles and jump- starting the market will require significant government actions in the near term * Widespread understanding that command- and-control regulations can work for only very low sales volume. * Increased public sales and acceptance will need development of market based policies. ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES * EEA currently evaluating a number of market based approaches to enhancing fuel economy of conventional and hybrid vehicles. * Primary objective of effort is to evaluate a range of market based approaches that can be implemented when FCV models are market ready, and identify ones that could make a difference. * Effort is in the context of modifying existing approaches to special needs of FCVs

Historical and projected world energy consumption information is displayed. The information is presented by region and fuel type, and includes a world total. Measurements are in quadrillion Btu. Sources of the information contained in the table are: (1) history--Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual 1992, DOE/EIA-0219(92); (2) projections--EIA, World Energy Projections System, 1994. Country amounts include an adjustment to account for electricity trade. Regions or country groups are shown as follows: (1) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), US (not including US territories), which are included in other (ECD), Canada, Japan, OECD Europe, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, other Europe, and other OECD; (2) Eurasia--China, former Soviet Union, eastern Europe; (3) rest of world--Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and other countries not included in any other group. Fuel types include oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, and other. Other includes hydroelectricity, geothermal, solar, biomass, wind, and other renewable sources.

MARKETING WORKS: Marketing Works is an opportunity for companies and organizations to commission a marketing project, undertaken by postgraduate students from Strathclyde Business School's MSc programmes in the marketing department. In 2010/11 we undertook 22 Marketing Works projects, to include a wide range

Despite all of the talk about ?deregulation? of the electricity sector, a large number of non-market mechanisms have been imposed on emerging competitive wholesale and retail markets. These mechanisms include spot market ...

This paper presents an overview of information-based asset pricing. In this approach, an asset is defined by its cash-flow structure. The market is assumed to have access to "partial" information about future cash flows. Each cash flow is determined by a collection of independent market factors called X-factors. The market filtration is generated by a set of information processes, each of which carries information about one of the X-factors, and eventually reveals the X-factor. Each information process has two terms, one of which contains a "signal" about the associated X-factor, and the other of which represents "market noise". The price of an asset is given by the expectation of the discounted cash flows in the risk-neutral measure, conditional on the information provided by the market. When the market noise is modelled by a Brownian bridge one is able to construct explicit formulae for asset prices, as well as semi-analytic expressions for the prices and greeks of options and derivatives. In particular, op...

Despite the rigour and ability of game theory to cope with oligopolistic electric markets, it fails to model many existing behaviours in the real-world circumstances. The traditional models such as statistical extrapolation or econometrics are not capable ... Keywords: Electricity market, Intelligent decision support system, Multi-agent technology, Planning, Power systems

demand is only slowly climbing back. While there are some exceptions, it appears that "constrained capaci around the world in almost all wood products. While WOOD MARKETS' supply and demand models have been Board Foot Club global statistics 6 Global Sawnwood, USa, Canada international Wood markets Group inc

China has the largest housing market in the world and the property market continues to advance at an astonishing pace. In 2009, 22.2% of China's RMB 19.3 trillion fixed asset investment and 17.9% of foreign direct investment ...

We shortly review the statistical properties of the escape times, or hitting times, for stock price returns by using different models which describe the stock market evolution. We compare the probability function (PF) of these escape times with that obtained from real market data. Afterwards we analyze in detail the effect both of noise and different initial conditions on the escape time in a market model with stochastic volatility and a cubic nonlinearity. For this model we compare the PF of the stock price returns, the PF of the volatility and the return correlation with the same statistical characteristics obtained from real market data.

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Racing's Impact on the Automotive World Racing's Impact on the Automotive World Green Racing's Impact on the Automotive World April 16, 2012 - 4:52pm Addthis One of the competitors from the Michelin Green X Challenge. | Photo courtesy of Green Racing. One of the competitors from the Michelin Green X Challenge. | Photo courtesy of Green Racing. Patrick B. Davis Patrick B. Davis Vehicle Technologies Program Manager What does this project do? Green Racing uses motorsports competition to help educate and promote alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies that can be transferred from the race track to the consumer market. The automotive racing world has a long history of moving the car industry forward through the development and use of new technology. Seeing racing's tremendous promise, the Energy Department, U.S. Environmental

Green Racing's Impact on the Automotive World Green Racing's Impact on the Automotive World Green Racing's Impact on the Automotive World April 16, 2012 - 4:52pm Addthis One of the competitors from the Michelin Green X Challenge. | Photo courtesy of Green Racing. One of the competitors from the Michelin Green X Challenge. | Photo courtesy of Green Racing. Patrick B. Davis Patrick B. Davis Vehicle Technologies Program Manager What does this project do? Green Racing uses motorsports competition to help educate and promote alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies that can be transferred from the race track to the consumer market. The automotive racing world has a long history of moving the car industry forward through the development and use of new technology. Seeing racing's tremendous promise, the Energy Department, U.S. Environmental

Marketing and quality concepts were utilized in
developing an employee awareness plan to facilitate
long term employee participation that improved
energy efficiency 15%. The plan was successfully
introduced on a test basis in two manufacturing
locations and now is a part of overall operations.
The marketing concepts aided in determining who was
the customer and what functional value an awareness
plan has for employees (customers). Quality
concepts, including performance management,
augmented marketing strategies by determining
customer requirements, measurements and feedback.
The agreed upon critical components were formatted
into an organized plan of education, assigned
responsibility, feedback and incentives.

In this work, we investigate the visual appearance of real-world surfaces and the dependence of appearance on the geometry of imaging conditions. We discuss a new texture representation called the BTF (bidirectional texture function) which captures the ...

The possible range of future (LPG) export availabilities is huge, but actual production levels depend on factors, many of which are beyond our direct control - world demand for crude oil and gas, developments in technology, and the price of both energy in general and LPG specifically. Although these factors limit some of the potential developments, a substantial increase in LPG supply is certain, and this is likely to depress its price relative to other products. Over the last few years, a dramatic expansion has taken place in the industry. From 1980 to 1987, non-Communist world production of LPG increased by close to 35%, to a total of 115 million tonnes. If this is set against the general energy scene, LPG represented 3.7% of crude oil production by weight in 1980, rising to 5.4% in 1987. This growth reflects rise in consciousness around the world of the value of the product. LPG is no longer regarded as a byproduct, which is flared or disposed of at low value, but increasingly as a co-product, and much of the growth in production has been due to the installation of tailored recovery systems. LPG markets historically developed around sources of supply, constrained by the costs of transportation. The major exceptions, of course, were the Middle East, the large exporter, and Japan, the large importer.

The experiment reported here tests the case of so-called exclusionary manipulation of emission permit markets, i.e., when a dominant firm  here a monopolist  increases its holding of permits in order to raise its rivals  costs and thereby gain more on a product market. Earlier studies have claimed that this type of market manipulation is likely to substantially reduce the social gains of permit trading and even result in negative gains. The experiment designed here parallels institutional and informational conditions likely to hold in real trade with carbon permits among electricity producers. Although the dominant firm withheld supply from the electricity market, the outcome seems to reject the theory of exclusionary manipulation. In later trading periods, closing prices on both markets, permit holdings and total electricity production are near competitive levels. Social gains of emissions trading are higher than in earlier studies. Key words: emissions trading; market power; experiments

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
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This thesis consists of three essays in capital markets. The first essay presents a dynamic asset pricing model with heterogeneously informed agents. Unlike previous research, the general case where differential information ...

The Petroleum Marketing Annual (PMA) provides information and statistical data on a variety of crude oils and refined petroleum products. The publication presents statistics on crude oil costs and refined petroleum products sales for use by industry, government, private sector analysis, educational institutions, and consumers. Data on crude oil include the domestic first purchase price, the fob and landed cost of imported crude oil, and the refiners` acquisition cost of crude oil. Refined petroleum product sales data include motor gasoline, distillates, residuals, aviation fuels, kerosene, and propane. The Petroleum Marketing Division, Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration ensures the accuracy, quality, and confidentiality of the published data in the Petroleum Marketing Annual. For this production, all estimates have been recalculated since their earlier publication in the Petroleum Marketing Monthly (PMM). These calculations made use of additional data and corrections that were received after the PMM publication date.

Many models of markets are based on assumptions of rationality, transparency, efficiency, and homogeneity in various combinations. They assume, at least implicitly, that decision makers understand the structure of the ...

This manual is intended primarily for use as a reference by analysts applying the WORLD model to regional studies. It also provides overview information on WORLD features of potential interest to managers and analysts.

This report documents the objectives, analytical approach and development of the World Energy Projection System Plus (WEPS+) World Electricity Model. It also catalogues and describes critical assumptions, computational methodology, parameter estimation techniques, and model source code.

In ISO New England and PJM it was assumed that sponsors of new capacity projects would offer them into the newly established forward centralized capacity markets at prices based on their levelized net cost of new entry, or ''Net CONE.'' But the FCCMs have not operated in the way their proponents had expected. To clear up the CONEfusion, FCCM designs should be reconsidered to adapt them to the changing circumstances and to be grounded in realistic expectations of market conduct. (author)

This volume contains papers that were discussed at the first workshop on Markets for Electricity: Economics and Technology (MEET) held at Stanford University on March 7-8, 1997. The workshop's focus was how to design competitive electricity markets in an industry undergoing rapid changes in both economics and technology. The intended audience includes policy makers, policy-oriented academics, and corporate leaders. Chapters include: Introduction: Economic and Technological Principles in Designing Power M...

Documents the Electricity Market Module as it was used for the Annual Energy Outlook 2013. The Electricity Market Module (EMM) is the electricity supply component of the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS). The EMM represents the generation, transmission, and pricing of electricity. It consists of four submodules: the Electricity Capacity Planning (ECP) Submodule, the Electricity Fuel Dispatch (EFD) Submodule, the Electricity Finance and Pricing (EFP) Submodule, and the Electricity Load and Demand (ELD) Submodule.

Following new legislation the Swedish electricity market is about to be deregulated. The new system is designed to ensure competition in production and supply. The main motive for deregulation is to increase competition and thus achieve lower market prices. A possible threat to this outcome is the high degree of concentration on the seller side that characterizes the Swedish electricity market. In this paper we show that given the current structure of firms on the supply side, deregulation is not a sufficient condition for lower equilibrium prices in the electricity market. We use a numerical model to explore the quantitative relation between the Cournot-equilibrium price, the number of firms, and the size distribution of firms in the Swedish electricity market. We compute equilibrium electricity prices and a welfare measure in order to quantify the effect of asymmetric market concentration on competition. 3 refs., 1 fig., 6 tabs.

SIDA. The MFS Scholarship Programme offers Swedish university students an opportunity to carry out two months fieldwork in a Third World country resulting in a Masters dissertation or a similar in depth study. These studies are primarily conducted within areas that are important for development and in a country supported by the Swedish programme for international development assistance. The main purpose of the MFS programme is to increase interest in developing countries and to enhance Swedish university students  knowledge and understanding of these countries and their problems. An MFS should provide the student with initial experience of conditions in such a country. A further purpose is to widen the Swedish personnel resources for recruitment into international co-operation. The department of Industrial Marketing at Chalmers University of Technology administers a small number of students for the MFS programme for studies related the field of industrial engineering.

At Argonne National Laboratory, we passionately pursue At Argonne National Laboratory, we passionately pursue energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy innovations that contribute to a better, cleaner future for all. Energy to Renew Our World Argonne's Research in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy As we begin our journey into the 21st century, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory continues to make significant contributions to the nation's health and well being by delivering achievements in energy technology development and deployment. We are working toward technological

Moving Clean Energy Innovations Out of the Lab and into the Market Moving Clean Energy Innovations Out of the Lab and into the Market Moving Clean Energy Innovations Out of the Lab and into the Market September 15, 2010 - 5:28pm Addthis Moving Clean Energy Innovations Out of the Lab and into the Market Chief Scientist Henry Kelly Chief Scientist Henry Kelly Chief Scientist Universities in the United States have led the world in scientific research for a century. Sometimes however, innovators, including universities, struggle to translate research ideas into technologies that satisfy real world needs. Universities across the country have embraced the need to address climate and energy challenges, and now we need to effectively harness the resources and intellectual capital of our world's leading research institutions. The wealth of ideas originating from our university

Moving Clean Energy Innovations Out of the Lab and into the Market Moving Clean Energy Innovations Out of the Lab and into the Market Moving Clean Energy Innovations Out of the Lab and into the Market September 15, 2010 - 5:28pm Addthis Moving Clean Energy Innovations Out of the Lab and into the Market Chief Scientist Henry Kelly Chief Scientist Henry Kelly Chief Scientist Universities in the United States have led the world in scientific research for a century. Sometimes however, innovators, including universities, struggle to translate research ideas into technologies that satisfy real world needs. Universities across the country have embraced the need to address climate and energy challenges, and now we need to effectively harness the resources and intellectual capital of our world's leading research institutions. The wealth of ideas originating from our university

This paper focuses on the interplay of market forces and politics in the world oil market projected to the year 2010. It argues that world oil demand will increase considerably, with Asian demand growing the fastest. Given that the growth of oil supply of producers outside the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) will be trivial, the call on OPEC oil will increase substantially. Yet, given their declining per-capita oil revenues, OPEC members may not be able to make timely investments in required upstream projects. If this happens, the supply constraint will lead to higher prices and intensified international competition for Arabian/Persian Gulf oil. Thus, foreign investment will be needed increasingly in OPEC states if prices are to remain stable. But geopolitical and institutional barriers to foreign investment in many OPEC members hinder foreign investment. It is imperative that major players in the world oil market cooperate to reduce such barriers in time to ensure that supply corresponds to rising demand. 22 refs., 8 figs., 10 tabs.

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "world market conditions" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

in California and more recently in the EU Sector Inquiry. The paper investigates its value in identifying the ability of ?rms to raise prices in an electricity market with contracts and capacity constraints and ?nd that it is most useful for the case of a single... positive number. Estimates for the value of the short-run demand elasticity for electricity are quite low, and over periods of months possibly below 0:25 for the ?domestic and other industry? sector, judging by the response to extraordinarily sharp price...

This report documents a study comparing several alternative policy mechanisms being considered to cut CO2 emissions in the US. The benchmark is Cap-and-Trade, a market-based mechanism that has long been considered the optimal approach to reducing emissions at least cost. Cap-and-Trade is not currently being considered in policy circles due to a variety of factors, but the underlying issue of CO2 emissions reduction is still under active investigation. Alternatives to Cap-and-Trade analyzed here include a...

Multichannel marketing is the practice of simultaneously offering information, goods, services, and support to customers through two or more synchronized channels. In this dissertation, I develop an integrated framework of multichannel marketing and develop models to assist managers in their marketing resource allocation decisions. In the first essay of the dissertation, I investigate the factors that drive customers multichannel shopping behavior and identify its consequences for retailers. In the second essay, I build on this work and develop a model that enables firms to optimize their allocation of marketing resources across different customer-channel segments. In the first essay, I develop a framework comprising the factors that drive consumers channel choice, the consequences of channel choice, and their implications for managing channel equity. The results show that customer-channel choice is driven in a nonlinear fashion by a customer demographic variable such as age and is also influenced by consumer shopping traits such as number of categories bought and the duration of relationship with a retailer. I show that by controlling for the moderating effects of channel-category associations, the influence of customers demographics and shopping traits on their channel choices can vary significantly across product categories. Importantly, the results show that multichannel shoppers buy more often, buy more items, and spend considerably more than single channel shoppers. The channel equity of multichannel customers is nearly twice that of the closest single channel customers (online or offline). In the second essay, I propose a model for optimal allocation of marketing efforts across multiple customer-channel segments. I first develop a set of models for consumer response to marketing efforts for each channel-customer segment. This set comprises four models, the first for purchase frequency, the second for purchase quantity, the third for product return behavior, and the fourth for contribution margin of purchase. The results show that customers responses to firm marketing efforts vary significantly across the customer-channel segments. They also suggest that marketing efforts influence purchase frequency, purchase quantity and monetary value in different ways. The resource allocation results show that profits can be substantially improved by reallocating marketing efforts across the different customer-channel segments.

Research efforts in new uses for sulfur, among them those of the Sulfur Development Institute of Canada, have resulted in the development of several new product markets. Petroleum and natural gas derived sulfurs are finding use as asphalt extenders in road construction throughout North America and as concrete extenders and substitutes for Portland cement in the construction industries of Mexico and the Middle East. Their use in masonry blocks is now being commercialized. Canada is the world's largest producer of commercial sulfur; 80% of it is used as a processing chemical in the form of sulfuric acid. Saudi Arabia, recently having begun to commercialize its vast resources, is constructing plants for the extraction of sulfur from natural gas and plans to export between 6 and 7 x 10/sup 5/ tons annually, much of it for fertilizer manufacture to India, Tunisia, Italy, Pakistan, Greece, Morocco, and Thailand.

The Department of Energy, the Department of Defense's Defense Logistics Agency, and the Department of Transportation's Federal Transit Administration have funded learning demonstrations and early market deployments to provide insight into applications of hydrogen technologies on the road, in the warehouse, and as stationary power. NREL's analyses validate the technology in real-world applications, reveal the status of the technology, and facilitate the development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, manufacturing, and operations. This paper presents the maintenance, safety, and operation data of fuel cells in multiple applications with the reported incidents, near misses, and frequencies. NREL has analyzed records of more than 225,000 kilograms of hydrogen that have been dispensed through more than 108,000 hydrogen fills with an excellent safety record.

4 4 Notes: This graph shows monthly average spot West Texas Intermediate crude oil prices. Spot WTI crude oil prices peaked last fall as anticipated boosts to world supply from OPEC and other sources did not show up in actual stocks data. So where do we see crude oil prices going from here? Crude oil prices are expected to be about $28-$30 per barrel for the rest of this year, but note the uncertainty bands on this projection. They give an indication of how difficult it is to know what these prices are going to do. Also, EIA does not forecast volatility. This relatively flat forecast could be correct on average, with wide swings around the base line. Let's explore why we think prices will likely remain high, by looking at an important market barometer - inventories - which measures the

51 51 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Coal Market Module The NEMS Coal Market Module (CMM) provides projections of U.S. coal production, consumption, exports, imports, distribution, and prices. The CMM comprises three functional areas: coal production, coal distribution, and coal exports. A detailed description of the CMM is provided in the EIA publication, Coal Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System 2012, DOE/EIA-M060(2012) (Washington, DC, 2012). Key assumptions Coal production The coal production submodule of the CMM generates a different set of supply curves for the CMM for each year of the projection. Forty-one separate supply curves are developed for each of 14 supply regions, nine coal types (unique combinations

This paper presents the results of energy market analysis sponsored by the Department of Energy's (DOE) Weatherization and International Program (WIP) within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). The analysis was conducted by a team of DOE laboratory experts from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), with additional input from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). The analysis was structured to identify those markets and niches where government can create the biggest impact by informing management decisions in the private and public sectors. The analysis identifies those markets and niches where opportunities exist for increasing energy efficiency and renewable energy use.

Uranium Marketing Uranium Marketing Annual Report May 2011 www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA's data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or other Federal agencies. U.S. Energy Information Administration | 2010 Uranium Marketing Annual Report ii Contacts This report was prepared by the staff of the Renewables and Uranium Statistics Team, Office of Electricity, Renewables, and Uranium Statistics. Questions about the preparation and content of this report may be directed to Michele Simmons, Team Leader,

This page inTenTionally lefT blank 91 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Electricity Market Module The NEMS Electricity Market Module (EMM) represents the capacity planning, dispatching, and pricing of electricity. It is composed of four submodules-electricity capacity planning, electricity fuel dispatching, electricity load and demand, and electricity finance and pricing. It includes nonutility capacity and generation, and electricity transmission and trade. A detailed description of the EMM is provided in the EIA publication, Electricity Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System 2012, DOE/EIA-M068(2012). Based on fuel prices and electricity demands provided by the other modules of the NEMS, the EMM determines the most

page intentionally left blank page intentionally left blank 153 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2011 Coal Market Module The NEMS Coal Market Module (CMM) provides projections of U.S. coal production, consumption, exports, imports, distribution, and prices. The CMM comprises three functional areas: coal production, coal distribution, and coal exports. A detailed description of the CMM is provided in the EIA publication, Coal Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System 2011, DOE/EIA-M060(2011) (Washington, DC, 2011). Key assumptions Coal production The coal production submodule of the CMM generates a different set of supply curves for the CMM for each year of the projection. Forty-one separate supply curves are developed for each of 14 supply regions, nine coal types (unique combinations

This page intentionally left blank This page intentionally left blank 95 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Assumptions to the Annual Energy Outlook 2011 Electricity Market Module The NEMS Electricity Market Module (EMM) represents the capacity planning, dispatching, and pricing of electricity. It is composed of four submodules-electricity capacity planning, electricity fuel dispatching, electricity load and demand, and electricity finance and pricing. It includes nonutility capacity and generation, and electricity transmission and trade. A detailed description of the EMM is provided in the EIA publication, Electricity Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System 2011, DOE/EIA-M068(2011). Based on fuel prices and electricity demands provided by the other modules of the NEMS, the EMM determines the most

A survey of US system integrators, charge controller manufacturers, and battery manufacturers was conducted in 1996 to determine market and application trends. This survey was sponsored by the USDOE. Results from 21 system integrators show a 1995 PV battery sales of $4.76 million. Using the survey results, a top down market analysis was conducted with a total predicted US battery market of $34.7 million and a world wide market of US $302 million. The survey also indicated that 71% (of dollars) were spent on VRLA and 29% on flooded lead-acid batteries. Eighty percent of charge controllers were ON-OFF, vs. PWM or constant voltage.

Distributed symbolic computations involve the existence of remote references allowing an object, local to a processor, to designate another object located on another processor. To reclaim inaccessible objects is the non trivial task of a distributed Garbage Collector (GC). We present in this paper a new distributed GC algorithm which (i) is faulttolerant, (ii ) is largely independent of how a processor garbage collects its own data space, (iii ) does not need centralized control nor global stop-the-world synchronization, (iv) allows for multiple concurrent active GCs, (v) does not require to migrate objects from processor to processor and (vi) eventually reclaims all inaccessible objects including distributed cycles. These results are mainly obtained through the concept of a group of processors (or processes). Processors of a same group cooperate together to a GC inside this group; this GC is conservative with respect to the outside of the group. A processor contributes to the glob...

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
We encourage you to perform a real-time search of NLEBeta
to obtain the most current and comprehensive results.

Geothermal Energy Association supports the US geothermal industry in its efforts to bring more clean geothermal energy on-line throughout the world. Activities designed to accomplish this goal include: (1) developing and maintaining data bases, web pages, (2) commissioning of special studies and reports, (3) preparing, printing and distributing brochures and newsletters, (4) developing exhibits and displays, and participating in trade shows, (5) designing, producing and disseminating audio-video materials, (6) monitoring and coordinating programs carried out by US DOE and other Federal agencies, (7) holding workshops to facilitate communication between researchers and industry and to encourage their recognition of emerging markets for geothermal technology, (8) attending conferences, making speeches and presentation, and otherwise interacting with environmental and other renewable energy organizations and coalitions, (9) hosting events in Washington, DC and other appropriate locations to educate Federal, State and local representatives, environmental groups, the news media, and other about the status and potential of geothermal energy, (10) conducting member services such as the preparation and distribution of a member newsletter related to operating and maintaining s useful and viable association, and (11) performing similar kinds of activities designed to inform others about geothermal energy. The activities of the export promotion aim to assist industry in accomplishing the goal of successfully penetrating and developing energy in country with existing geothermal resources and a desire to develop them. Activities including in export promotion are: (1)needs analysis and assessment involve monitoring the progress of developing markets and projects overseas and working with US industry to determine what future activities by GEA would be of greatest assistance, (2) outreach includes the preparation and dissemination of brochures and videos for foreign professionals, officials and decision-makers as well as presentations of information of the geothermal technology and the capabilities of the US geothermal industry, (3) Marketconditioning involves first, evaluating the market and challenges for conducting business successfully in a country followed by appropriate training or technical assistance, (4) Market developing includes activities conducted to assist industry in developing the market for sales of services and technology, including direct and reverse trade missions, support for industry to participate in conferences overseas to sell goods and services, and other activities.

The worldwide LPG industry continues to expand faster than the petroleum industry -- 4%/year for LPG vs. 2%/year for petroleum in 1995 and less than 1%/year in the early 1990s. This rapid expansion of LPG markets is occurring in virtually every region of the world, including such developing countries as China. The Far East is the focus of much of the LPG industry`s attention, but many opportunities exist in other regions such as the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. The investment climate is improving in all phases of downstream LPG marketing, including terminaling, storage, and wholesale and retail distribution. The world LPG supply/demand balance has been relatively tight since the Gulf War and should remain so. Base demand (the portion of demand that is not highly price-sensitive) is expanding more rapidly than supplies. As a result, the proportion of total LPG supplies available for price-sensitive petrochemical feedstock markets is declining, at least in the short term. The paper discusses importers, price patterns, world LPG demand, world LPG supply, US NGL supply, US gas processing, ethane and propane supply, butane, isobutane, and natural gasoline supply, and US NGL demand.

This paper examines the short-run relationships between oil prices and GCC stock markets. Since GCC countries are major world energy market players, their stock markets may be susceptible to oil price shocks. To account for the fact that stock markets may respond nonlinearly to oil price shocks, we have examined both linear and nonlinear relationships. Our findings show that there are significant links between the two variables in Qatar, Oman, and UAE. Thus, stock markets in these countries react positively to oil price

The wave of electricity market restructuring both within the US and abroad has brought the issue of horizontal market power to the forefront of energy policy. Traditionally, estimation and prediction of market power has relied heavily on concentration measures. In this paper, the authors discuss the weaknesses of concentration measures as a viable measure of market power in the electricity industry, and they propose an alternative method based on market simulations that take advantage of existing plant level data. The authors discuss results from previous studies they have performed, and present new results that allow for the detection of threshold demand levels where market power is likely to be a problem. In addition, the authors analyze the impact of that recent divestitures in the California electricity market will have on estimated market power. They close with a discussion of the policy implications of the results.

The IEO2000 projections reflect a change in short-term expectations for world oil prices. In the long term, OPEC production cutbacks are expected to be relaxed, and prices are projected to rise gradually through 2020 as the oil resource base is expanded. The IEO2000 projections reflect a change in short-term expectations for world oil prices. In the long term, OPEC production cutbacks are expected to be relaxed, and prices are projected to rise gradually through 2020 as the oil resource base is expanded. The crude oil market rebounded dramatically in 1999. Prices rose from the low monthly average of $9.39 per barrel (nominal U.S. dollars) in December 1998 to $24.44 in December 1999, an increase of almost $15 a barrel. Prices were influenced by the successful adherence to announced cutbacks in production by members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) as well as several non-OPEC countries, notably, Mexico and Norway. In addition, the price decline in 1998 significantly dampened the annual

Abstract Oil prices, associated with bouts of inflation and economic instability over the last 30 years, have been rising in recent months. We argue that the inflationary consequences of a rise in oil prices depend upon the policy response of the monetary authorities. They can ameliorate the short term impacts on output, but only at the cost of higher inflation. In the short term the size and distribution of output effects from an increase in oil prices depends on the intensity of oil use in production and on the speed at which oil producers spend their revenue. In the medium term higher oil prices change the terms of trade between the OECD and the rest of the world and hence reduce the equilibrium level of output in the OECD. In this paper we first discuss oil market developments and survey previous studies on the impacts of increases in oil prices. We then use our model, NiGEM, to evaluate the impact of temporary and permanent oil price increases on the world economy under various policy responses, and also analyse the impact of a decline in the speed of oil revenue recycling. 1 This paper has benefited from inputs from a number of colleagues at the Institute, and we would like to thank

Notes from Financial and Physical Oil Market Linkages Notes from Financial and Physical Oil Market Linkages August 24, 2011 Session 1: 9:30 a.m. - 11:00 a.m. Paper Title: Does 'Paper Oil' Matter? Presenter: Michel Robe, American University Discussant: James Smith, Southern Methodist University Paper Abstract We construct a uniquely detailed, comprehensive dataset of trader positions in U.S. energy futures markets. We find considerable changes in the make-up of the open interest between 2000 and 2010 and show that these changes impact asset pricing. Specifically, dynamic conditional correlations between the rates of return on investable energy and stock market indices increase significantly amid greater activity by speculators in general and hedge funds in particular (especially funds active in both equity and energy markets). The impact of hedge fund activity is

We consider the dating market decision problem under the quantum mechanics point of view. Quantum states whose associated amplitudes are modified by men strategies are used to represent women. Grover quantum search algorithm is used as a playing strategy. Success is more frequently obtained by playing quantum than playing classic.

Documents the objectives and the conceptual and methodological approach used in the development of the National Energy Modeling System's (NEMS) Coal Market Module (CMM) used to develop the Annual Energy Outlook 2013 (AEO2013). This report catalogues and describes the assumptions, methodology, estimation techniques, and source code of CMM's two submodules. These are the Coal Production Submodule (CPS) and the Coal Distribution Submodule (CDS).

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Future role of the United States in world coal trade Future role of the United States in world coal trade International Energy Outlook 2010 Future role of the United States in world coal trade U.S. coal exports increased each year from 2002 to 2008 at an average annual rate of 12.8 percent, to 82 million tons in 2008. Some analysts have viewed the sharp increase in U.S. exports as an indication of the growing importance of the United States as a world coal supplier. There has also been speculation that China's growing demand for coal will support this trend in the future. However, U.S. coal is a relatively high-cost supply source when shipped to Asian markets, and in the long term U.S. coal will be competing in the Chinese market with lower cost suppliers, notably Australia and Indonesia among others. U.S. exports compete most strongly in European markets and then only when less expensive options are unavailable. In IEO2010, the United States remains a marginal coal supplier over the long term, responding to short-term disruptions or spikes in demand rather than significantly expanding its market share of world coal trade.

Modelling the implied volatility surface as a function of an option's strike price and maturity is a subject of extensive research in financial markets. The implied volatility in commodity markets is much less studied, due to a limited liquidity and ...

These conveyor-systems marketing guidelines are aimed at utility sales and marketing personnel who wish to call on customers who currently mine various minerals, but have limited expertise in the use of conveyor systems.

This thesis is a collection of three essays analyzing the interplay between aging and the labor market. The first chapter demonstrates that differential treatment by age exists in labor markets and explores different ...

This manual translates the success of a few companies' vanpool programs into a prototype for national expansion. It attempts to present and analyze the dynamics of the vanpool market--i.e., the conditions which create demand (market) for the product (vanpools), factors which stimulate and impede the growth of this market, supportive governmental actions/incentives desired by prospective vanpool companies, and forecasts of marketconditions which would impact upon the viability of vanpools. A companion manual, ''Vanpool Implementation Manual,'' explains the concept of vanpooling and its benefits to both employers and employees, while serving as a practical guide for the implementation of such a program.

This paper reports that Algeria is positioned to achieve important, new natural gas markets. Over half of its hydrocarbon income is from exports of gas and derived products, liquified petroleum gas (LPG) and condensates, which are not subject to Opec quotas. Officials are moving away from inflexible past policies and are becoming vastly more realistic now that foreign investment laws have been liberalized and there is a need to attract foreign investors. Sonatrach must address three key issues to consolidate recent progress. Sales to existing customers in Europe, like Italy, must be expanded; new customers and markets need to found: and U.S. liquified natural gas (LNG) markets must be revived.

technical report has been made technical report has been made electronically available on the World Wide Web through a contribution from Walter L. Warnick In honor of Enrico Fermi Leader of the first nuclear reactor, Nobel Prize winner, and visionary technologist Dr. Warnick is delighted to be the first sponsor for posting a Department of Energy technical report and making it broadly available Office of Scientific and Technical Information Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy September 2008 osti.gov U N I T E D S T A T E S A T O M I C E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N AECD-3269 EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF A DNERGENT CHAIN REACTION BY E. Fermi January 4, 1952 [TIS Issuance ate] [chicago University] - T e c h n i c a l I n f o r m a t i o n S e r v i c e , O a k Ridge, T e n n e s s e e r ABSTRACTS Description of the construction and operation of the chain

By the year 2000, the potential market for advanced-technology electrolytic hydrogen among specialty users is projected to be about half of what the merchant hydrogen market would be in the absence of electrolytic hydrogen. This potential market, representing an annual demand of about 16 billion SCF of hydrogen, will develop from market penetrations of electrolyzers assumed to begin in the early 1980s. 6 refs.

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This supplement discusses total direct reduced iron (DRI) production for 2007 and 2008 by process. Total 2008 production by MIDREX(reg sign) direct reduction process plants was over 39.8 million tons. The total of all coal-based processes was 17.6 million tons. Statistics for world DRI production are also given by region for 2007 and 2008 and by year (1970-2009). Capacity utilization for 2008 by process is given. World DRI production by region and by process is given for 1998-2008 and world DRI shipments are given from the 1970s to 2008. A list of world direct reduction plants is included.

In this paper, we continue the dialog started by Roth [19] between economics and engineering in the context of design of markets. We take the position that markets and engineered artifacts are thee the products of a social process of design formulation. ... Keywords: engineering design, market design, methodologies, modeling, testing

We study how market structure within a product category varies across retail formats. Building on the literature on internal market structure, we estimate a joint store and brand choice model where the loading matrix of brand attributes are allowed to ... Keywords: brand maps, heterogeniety, market structure, retail formats

Today's Web is built upon a particular symbiotic relationship betweensites and users: the sites invest capital to create and market a setof features, and users gain access to the sites often in exchange fortheir data (e.g., ...

Papers are presented under the following session headings: industry overview and market outlook; coke in the Americas; the global coke industry; and new developments. All the papers (except one) only consist of a copy of the overheads/viewgraphs.

Ensuring sufficient liquidity is one of the key challenges for designers of prediction markets. Various market making algorithms have been proposed in the literature and deployed in practice, but there has been little effort to evaluate their benefits and disadvantages in a systematic manner. We introduce a novel experimental design for comparing market structures in live trading that ensures fair comparison between two different microstructures with the same trading population. Participants trade on outcomes related to a two-dimensional random walk that they observe on their computer screens. They can simultaneously trade in two markets, corresponding to the independent horizontal and vertical random walks. We use this experimental design to compare the popular inventory-based logarithmic market scoring rule (LMSR) market maker and a new information based Bayesian market maker (BMM). Our experiments reveal that BMM can offer significant benefits in terms of price stability and expected loss when controlling ...

How Power Marketing Administrations Market Power and Work with How Power Marketing Administrations Market Power and Work with Tribes Webinar How Power Marketing Administrations Market Power and Work with Tribes Webinar April 24, 2013 11:00AM MDT Webinar The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Tribal Energy Program, and Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) are pleased to continue their sponsorship of the Tribal Renewable Energy Webinar Series. The country's federal Power Marketing Administrations (PMAs) have valuable generation and transmission assets and have the potential to promote renewable energy development within their respective footprints. Get information on PMA assets and operations, examples of past cooperation with Tribes, and how to work with PMAs to promote future economic growth

Market Assessment of Public Sector Energy Efficiency Potential in India Market Assessment of Public Sector Energy Efficiency Potential in India Title Market Assessment of Public Sector Energy Efficiency Potential in India Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2012 Authors Iyer, Maithili, and Jayant A. Sathaye Date Published 10-Mar Publisher LBNL Keywords energy efficiency, india, market assessment Abstract The purpose of this study is to assess, with limited resources, the potential for improving energy efficiency in public buildings by providing preliminary estimates of the size of the public sector buildings market, the patterns of energy use in public buildings, and the opportunity for reducing energy use in public buildings. This report estimates the size of this market and the potential for carbon savings with conservative assumptions requiring moderate investment towards efficiency improvement in public sector buildings-here defined as the sum of the public sector commercial and institutional buildings as characterized by the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation (MOSPI). Information from this study will be provided to the World Bank and the BEE to assist them in designing effective energy efficiency programs for public buildings

The Petroleum Marketing Annual (PMA) contains statistical data on a variety of crude oils and refined petroleum products. The publication provides statistics on crude oil costs and refined petroleum products sales for use by industry, government, private sector analysts, educational institutions, and consumers. Data on crude oil include the domestic first purchase price, the free-on-board (f.o.b.) and landed cost of imported crude oil, and the refiners acquisition cost of crude oil. Sales data for motor gasoline, distillates, residuals, aviation fuels, kerosene, and propane are presented. For this publication, all estimates have been recalculated since their earlier publication in the Petroleum Marketing Monthly (PMM). These calculations made use of additional data and corrections that were received after the PMM publication dates.

This report documents the research that has been undertaken as background for preparation of a marketing campaign for middle and high school students to increase interest in national security careers at the National Nuclear Security Administration. This work is a part of the National Security Preparedness Project (NSPP), being performed under a Department of Energy (DOE)/National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) grant. Previous research on the development of a properly trained and skilled national security workforce has identified a lack of interest by k-12 students in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. Further, participation in these careers by women and minority populations is limited and is not increasing. Added to this are low educational achievement levels in New Mexico, where the marketing campaign will be deployed.

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The International Centre for Gas Technology Information (ICGTI) is a technology information centre of the International Energy Agency (IEA). Its members account for more than half the world`s natural gas production and consumption. ICGTI has established a web site, GTI Online (http://www.icgti.org). GTI Online is designed to cover all aspects of the gas industry from production to end-use as well as supporting technologies, including market assessment, national energy policies, environmental information and computing and modeling techniques. It si designed to use existing information sources whenever possible, so as not to duplicate public and/or commercial efforts. It is intended to fill the gap in providing useful international information to both the US and global market.

The mobile rig market remains a unique sector of the global upstream oil and gas industry. Big oil is continuing to emerge blinking from the darkness of its recent cash-starved existence to bask in the glory of a resurgent oil price. But the rig sector is once again lagging behind the pace being set by operators as they open up their wallets for new or delayed exploration and production projects. This paper gives statistics on worldwide count and contracts.

This report documents the preparation of materials for the marketing campaign that has been designed for middle and high school students in New Mexico to increase interest in participation in national security careers at the National Nuclear Security Administration. The materials and the marketing campaign build on the research that was previously completed, as well as the focus groups that were conducted. This work is a part of the National Nuclear Security Preparedness Project (NSPP). Previous research included outcome analysis to determine appropriate marketing strategies. The analysis was based upon focus groups with middle school and high school students, student interactions, and surveys completed by students to understand and gauge student interest in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) subjects, interest in careers at NNSA, future job considerations, and student desire to pursue post-secondary education. Further, through the focus groups, students were asked to attend a presentation on NNSA job opportunities and employee requirements. The feedback received from the students was utilized to develop the focus and components of a marketing campaign divided into DISCO (Discovering Intelligence and Security Career Opportunities) for the middle school age group and DISCO ..Your Way! for high school age groups. Both campaigns have an intertwined message that focuses on the education of students in the various national security career opportunities at NNSA using the STEM concepts and the notion that almost any career they can think of has a fit within NNSA. Further, a special emphasis has been placed on the importance of obtaining a national security clearance when working at NNSA and the steps that will need to be taken during middle school, high school, and college to be allowed this opportunity.

This is a review of the US (and international) fuel cell development for the stationary power generation market. Besides DOE, GRI, and EPRI sponsorship, the US fuel cell program has over 40% cost-sharing from the private sector. Support is provided by user groups with over 75 utility and other end-user members. Objectives are to develop and demonstrate cost-effective fuel cell power generation which can initially be commercialized into various market applications using natural gas fuel by the year 2000. Types of fuel cells being developed include PAFC (phosphoric acid), MCFC (molten carbonate), and SOFC (solid oxide); status of each is reported. Potential international applications are reviewed also. Fuel cells are viewed as a force in dispersed power generation, distributed power, cogeneration, and deregulated industry. Specific fuel cell attributes are discussed: Fuel cells promise to be one of the most reliable power sources; they are now being used in critical uninterruptible power systems. They need hydrogen which can be generated internally from natural gas, coal gas, methanol landfill gas, or other fuels containing hydrocarbons. Finally, fuel cell development and market applications in Japan are reviewed briefly.

Petroleum Marketing Monthly Archives Petroleum Marketing Monthly Archives Choose the year of the Petroleum Marketing Monthly you wish to view. + EXPAND ALL 2014-2015 2014 2015 Data ending January 10/2013 2012-2013 2012 2013 Data ending January 10/2011 January 10/2012 February 11/2011 February 11/2012 March 12/2011 March 12/2012 April 1/2012 April 1/2013 May 2/2012 May 2/2013 June 3/2012 June 3/2013 July 4/2012 July 4/2013 August 5/2012 August 5/2013 September 6/2012 September 6/2013 October 7/2012 October 7/2013 November 8/2012 November 8/2013 December 9/2012 December 9/2013 2010 - 2011 2010 2011 Data ending Data ending January 10/2009 January 10/2010 February 11/2009 February 11/2010 March 12/2009 March 12/2010 April 1/2010 April 1/2011 May 2/2010 May 2/2011

World Energy Projection System World Energy Projection System May 1998 Continuing with this release, annual updates to the model will be available. Check this space for scheduled future releases. Note: If you are familiar with the model and just wish to download the latest version, click HERE. The World Energy Projection System The projections of world energy consumption published annually by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in the International Energy Outlook (IEO) are derived from the World Energy Projection System (WEPS). WEPS is an integrated set of personal computer-based spreadsheets containing data compilations, assumption specifications, descriptive analysis procedures, and projection models. The WEPS accounting framework incorporates projections from independently documented models and assumptions about the

the most and consumers the least due to price increase. Keywords cost benefit analysis, restructuring and privatisation, electricity market, Peru JEL Classification D61, H43, L94 Contact ka272@cam.ac.uk Publication March 2010 Financial Support... 29 in 1968 to 177 in 1990. However, the bad performance of these companies produced an aggregated net loss of US$ 531 million (World Bank, 1994) 3 In terms of prices, the Electric Tariff Commission (CTE) was the autonomous agency responsible...

America: Bringing Building America: Bringing Building Innovations to Market Building America: Bringing Building Innovations to Market INNOVATIONS Advanced technologies and whole-house solutions for saving energy and costs. Read more SOLUTION CENTER Solutions for improving the energy performance and quality of new and existing homes. Read more RESEARCH TOOLS Tools to ensure consistent research results for new and existing homes. Read more MARKET PARTNERSHIPS Resources and partnering opportunities for the U.S. building industry. Read more Learn about how this world-class research program can help the U.S. building industry promote and construct homes that are better for business, homeowners, and the nation. Building America logo The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Building America program has been a

world bank world bank Dataset Summary Description No description given. Source World Bank Date Released Unknown Date Updated Unknown Keywords coal energy imports energy production energy use fossil fuels Fuel global Hydroelectric international nuclear oil renewables statistical statistics world bank Data application/zip icon Data in XML Format (zip, 1 MiB) application/zip icon Data in Excel Format (zip, 1.3 MiB) Quality Metrics Level of Review Peer Reviewed Comment Temporal and Spatial Coverage Frequency Time Period 1970 - 2007 License License Other or unspecified, see optional comment below Comment Summary of Usage Terms ---------------------- You are free to copy, distribute, adapt, display or include the data in other products for commercial and noncommercial purposes at no cost subject to certain limitations summarized below. You must include attribution for the data you use in the manner indicated in the metadata included with the data. You must not claim or imply that The World Bank endorses your use of the data by or use The World Bank's logo(s) or trademark(s) in conjunction with such use. Other parties may have ownership interests in some of the materials contained on The World Bank Web site. For example, we maintain a list of some specific data within the Datasets that you may not redistribute or reuse without first contacting the original content provider, as well as information regarding how to contact the original content provider. Before incorporating any data in other products, please check the list: Terms of use: Restricted Data. The World Bank makes no warranties with respect to the data and you agree The World Bank shall not be liable to you in connection with your use of the data. Links ----- Summary of Terms: http://data.worldbank.org/summary-terms-of-use Detailed Usage Terms: http://www.worldbank.org/terms-datasets

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Effective competition in wholesale electricity markets is a necessary feature of a successful electricity supply industry restructuring. We examine the degree of competition in the California wholesale electricity market during the period June 1998 to September 1999 by comparing the market prices with estimates of the prices that would have resulted if owners of instate fossil fuel generating facilities behaved as price takers. We find that there were significant departures from competitive pricing and that these departures are most pronounced during the highest demand periods, which tend to occur during the months of July through September. Through most of the winter and spring of 1999 there was little evidence of the exercise of market power. We find a significantly lower amount of market power exercised during summer 1999 than for the same months in summer 1998. Overall, the exercise of market power raised the cost of power purchases by about 16% above the competitive level. Following the p...

Power marketing refers to wholesale and retail transactions of electric power made by companies other than public power entities and the regulated utilities that own the generation and distribution lines. The growth in power marketing has been a major development in the electric power industry during the last few years, and power marketers are expected to realize even more market opportunities as electric industry deregulation proceeds from wholesale competition to retail competition. This Topical Issues Brief examines the nature of the power marketing business and its relationship with renewable power. The information presented is based on interviews conducted with nine power marketing companies, which accounted for almost 54% of total power sales by power marketers in 1995. These interviews provided information on various viewpoints of power marketers, their experience with renewables, and their respective outlooks for including renewables in their resource portfolios. Some basic differences exist between wholesale and retail competition that should be recognized when discussing power marketing and renewable power. At the wholesale level, the majority of power marketers stress the commodity nature of electricity. The primary criteria for developing resource portfolios are the same as those of their wholesale customers: the cost and reliability of power supplies. At the retail level, electricity may be viewed as a product that includes value-added characteristics or services determined by customer preferences.

In this thesis, we discuss the idea of multigravity, namely the possibility that a significant component of gravity that we feel at intermediate distances (1 mm gravity at cosmological scales emerge as a consequence. Firstly, we consider five dimensional multigravity models with flat branes. We see how the existence of freely moving negative tension branes gives rise to ultralight graviton Kaluza-Klein states. Secondly, we study the moduli corresponding to the position of the branes and the size of the extra dimension, the radions and the dilaton respectively. We show that the radions corresponding to negative tension branes have wrong sign kinetic term. We also derive a stabilization condition for the dilaton in a brane model with general bulk scalar field dynamics. Thirdly, we show how we can reproduce the five dimensional multigravity models with Anti-de Sitter branes of positive tension only. Moreover, we demonstrate how the van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov discontinuity can be circumvented at tree level in Anti-de Sitter space. Finally, we discuss how the above multigravity models can be replicated in six dimensions with flat positive tension branes. This last possibility is the first theoretically and phenomenologically viable realization of the multigravity scenario.

electrical generation in the developed world is now conducted within deregulated energy markets, providing. The market component of the work domain analysis appears not to be readily amendable to breakdown); (Vicente, 1999) for hydroelectricity generation in a deregulated market in a way that usefully informs

This thesis is a multi-sited survey providing insight into integral performing arts institutions and how they engage in the distribution of cosmopolitan cultural capital to middlebrow audiences. It additionally provides a taxonomy of the different types of performances present across three sites: MSC OPAS, Arts Midwest, and the Association of Performing Arts Presenters Annual Conference in New York (APAP/NYC). My research methods include ethnography, interviewing, and textual analysis, but my investigation of these sites began with several leading questions: How do audiences read live performances for cosmopolitanism? How is that cosmopolitanism produced in key performing arts organizations? How is performance both a product that is marketed to venues and audiences and the means of marketing itself? Cosmopolitanism is an integral component to marketing, delivering, and enjoying live touring commercial performances. Performing arts presenters like OPAS, and presenting organizations, including Arts Midwest and APAP, engage cosmopolitanism on multiple levels as they work to provide regional audiences with otherwise unattainable world-class performances. Cosmopolitanism is present and presented every step of the way and the industry continues to advance cosmopolitan goals. This works shifts from analyzing cosmopolitan tourists to understanding touring cosmopolitanism because touring performances provide cosmopolitan cultural capital to community audiences located outside these urban centers. Touring performances provide opportunities for residents outside large metropolitan areas to engage in a global culture of performance and insert themselves into an imagined community of cosmopolitans. This is due in part to touring artists who deliver world-class performances to audiences that would otherwise entirely lack a connection to arts opportunities that accompany metropolitan centers and cosmopolitan communities. Cosmopolitanism is operationalized in performances of rurality, organizational culture and sociability, and exoticizing marketing strategies. I not only explore how cosmopolitanism is operationalized across these sites, but also how performance, in several of its variations, is operationalized, negotiated, and, of course, presented. More specifically, I examine artistic, interpersonal, organizational, and economic performances, as they are present across the three sites.

This paper contains the views of the authors and should not be thought to represent those of the Bank of England. Executive Summary China's emergence is clearly one of the most important forces currently reshaping the world economy. This paper asks how China will fit into the global division of labor and affect growth and distribution in other countries. As a labor abundant economy with neighbors capable of efficiently supplying industrial technology, components and capital, China will presumably specialize in the production of labor-intensive manufactures for sale on foreign and, increasingly, its own domestic markets. It will import capitalintensive manufactures, foodstuffs, and primary products including energy, given that it is relatively less well endowed in the capital, land and natural resources used intensively in the production of these goods. In this paper we analyze the impact of China's integration into the global economy on other countries, Asian countries in particular. We first examine how the growth of China's exports is affecting the exports of other countries in Asia and the rest of the world. Our innovation here is to distinguish exports of capital goods, consumer goods, intermediates, and raw materials and to disaggregate textiles, apparel and consumer electronics, the most visible sectors where China's presence is felt. We next look to the impact of China on direct foreign investment flows. Here our innovation is to distinguish vertical and horizontal FDI and to consider explicitly how supply-chain relationships affect these forms of FDI. We then look more closely at factors influencing the articulation of these supply chains, the fragmentation of production, and the emerging international division of labor, focusing on two industries, electronics ...

Focusing on the development of the whole bioenergy market rather than isolated projects, this paper contributes to the identification of barriers and drivers behind bioenergy technology implementation. It presents a framework for the assessment of the potentials for bioenergy market growth to be used by decision makers in administration and industry. The conclusions are based on case studies of operating bioenergy markets in Austria, US and Sweden. Six important factors for bioenergy market growth have been identified: (1) Integration with other business, e.g. for biomass procurement, (2) Scale effects of bioenergy market, (3) Competition on bioenergy market, (4) Competition with other business, (5) National policy, (6) Local policy and local opinion. Different applications of the framework are discussed.

Market Acceleration Market Acceleration Market Acceleration Photo of several men on a floating platform that is lowering monitoring tools into the ocean. The Water Power Program works to foster a commercial market for marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) energy devices in order to achieve its goal of the nation obtaining 15% of its electricity needs from all types of water power by 2030. Though marine and hydrokinetic energy is still in its infancy, the program is developing a robust portfolio of projects to accelerate wave, tidal and current project deployments and development of the MHK market in general. These projects include project siting activities, market assessments, environmental impact analyses, and research supporting technology commercialization. Learn more about the Water Power Program's work in the following areas of

Summary points zz As the worlds second largest economy, China is promoting wider use of its currency, the renminbi (RMB), across the world. International financial centres, notably Hong Kong, are developing the RMB offshore market. zz The cross-border RMB trade settlement scheme has noticeably expanded the use of the RMB in trade since 2010. The scheme provides the main source of liquidity to the RMB offshore market. zz The RMB offshore market is expanding and offers more investment opportunities. But the limited supply of liquidity remains a constraint on its size and scope. zz Taipei is the new player in the RMB offshore market and has strong growth potential, the main drivers being close cross-Strait cooperation in trade and foreign direct investment. The recently opened currency clearing system should ensure liquidity to the market. zz As a regional financial centre, Taipei is unlikely to rival Hong Kong, at least in the short term. Non-Taiwanese investors are deterred by regulatory restrictions, higher taxation and lack of financial openness. zz Proactive policies are necessary to support the development of the RMB market in Taipei. To become a key regional financial centre, it needs a clear strategy to maximize the advantages derived from the dynamic domestic economy.

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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A summary of the results of recent studies sponsored by DOE and dealing with potential photovoltaic terrestrial solar energy systems markets is presented. Quantitative data developed by these studies are summarized to assist in planning test and applications programs and in estimating the level of photovoltaic system production capacity required to meet future market needs. Near-term (1976-1985) and mid-term (1986-2000) markets are discussed.

This guidebook contains a series of market profiles for customer segments within the commercial and residential sectors. Each profile is a stand-alone document that provides information about a sector, segment region, or technology. PowerShape Market Profiles provide key insights into the market, demographic, business, and energy characteristics of segments within the commercial and residential sectors. It provides vital information for contacting customers equipped with an understanding of their busines...

This report examines the characteristics of global gas markets. These markets have entered a period of supplier strength and high prices as global demand growth has outpaced supply growth. The report systematically evaluates developments in global liquefaction andfor the principal consuming nationsin domestic production, market growth, pipelines, and regasification. While containing a great deal of detail, the report probes myriad announcements of commercial activities to help interpret the evolving comp...

IMAGE: World Year of Physics 2005 nameplate Berkeley Lab logo Berkeley Lab Celebrates World Year of Physics 2005 Berkeley Lab Web Search Berkeley Lab Phone Book Berkeley Lab A-Z Index Berkeley Lab Privacy and Security Notice IMAGE: World Year of Physics 2005 nameplate Berkeley Lab logo Berkeley Lab Celebrates World Year of Physics 2005 Berkeley Lab Web Search Berkeley Lab Phone Book Berkeley Lab A-Z Index Berkeley Lab Privacy and Security Notice IMAGE: World of Physics graphic Symposia page link Special Events page link Lectures page link Education page link The World Year of Physics is a worldwide celebration of physics and its importance in our everyday lives. Physics not only plays an important role in the development of science and technology but also has a tremendous impact on our society. WYP aims to raise the worldwide awareness of physics and physical science. The United Nations has declared 2005 to be the International Year of Physics. This declaration coincides with the 100th anniversary of physicist

Gas plants in the US and Canada continued to lead the rest of the world in processing capacity, throughput, and NGL production in 1996. The consolidation of gas-processing assets that has been rolling through US companies in recent years continued to limit growth in new capacity. Canadian liquids producers, on the other hand, will likely benefit from increased gas production and export sales to the US when a clutch of pipeline expansions in the next 18--30 months eases the capacity constraints on gas movements southward. And, markets and suppliers around the world continue to become more closely dependent on each other, stimulating new capacity and production. US capacity stood at slightly more than 678 bcfd as of January 1, 1997; throughput for 1996 averaged 48.8 bcfd; and NGL production exceeded 76,000 gpd. Canadian gas-processing capacity last year approached 40 bcfd. Gas-processing throughput there averaged more than 30.8 bcfd; NGL production fell to slightly more than 42,000 gpd. Oil and Gas Journal`s most recent exclusive, plant-by-plant, worldwide gas-processing survey and its international survey of petroleum-derived sulfur recovery reflect these trends. This report supplements operator-supplied capacity and production data for Alberta with figures from the (1) Alberta Energy and Utilities Board (AEUB), formerly the Energy Resources Conservation Board (ERBC), (2) British Columbia Ministry of Employment and Investment`s Engineering and Operations Branch, and (3) Saskatchewan Ministry of Energy and Mines.

Through the SunShot Initiative, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) works with manufacturers, communities, states, utilities, and other partners to enable the solar market by reducing non-hardware balance-of-system (BOS) costs, developing a skilled workforce, and eliminating market barriers to widespread adoption of solar technologies. The DOE SunShot Initiative is a collaborative national initiative to make solar energy technologies cost-competitive with other forms of energy by reducing the cost of solar energy systems by about 75% by the end of the decade. Reducing the total installed cost for utility-scale solar electricity to roughly 6 cents per kilowatt hour without subsidies will result in rapid, large-scale adoption of solar electricity across the United States. Reaching this goal will re-establish American technological leadership, improve the nation's energy security, and strengthen U.S. economic competitiveness in the global clean energy race. SunShot will work to bring down the full cost of solar - including the costs of solar cells and installation by focusing on four main pillars: (1) Technologies for solar cells and arrays that convert sunlight to energy; (2) Electronics that optimize the performance of the installation; (3) Improvements in the efficiency of solar manufacturing processes; and (4) Installation, design, and permitting for solar energy systems.

Sample records for world market conditions from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This talk outlines a scenario describing an emerging multipolar world that is aligned with geographical regions. The stability and security of this multipolar world is examined with respect to demographics, trade (economics), resource constraints, and development. In particular I focus on Asia which has two large countries, China and India, competing for resources and markets and examine the emerging regional relations, opportunities and threats. These relationships must overcome many hurdles - the Subcontinent is in a weak position politically and strategically and faces many threats, and China's growing power could help stabilize it or create new threats. Since the fate of 1.5 billion (2.4 billion by 2050) people depends on how the Subcontinent evolves, this talk is meant to initiates a discussion of what China and India can do to help the region develop and stabilize.

The Lights On In the New World The Lights On In the New World DRAFT REPORT Chapter 2 Generation Adequacy Trends and obstacles confronting greater contribution from generation resources Topic Assignment: Woolf 1 , Cavanagh, Smitherman, Gramlich, Weisgall, Allen, Cauley Chapter 2. Generation Supply Adequacy GENERATION TRENDS During the late 1990's and early 2000's, overall base load generation construction declined as generators were reluctant to commit resources to an unsettled regulatory and developing market based environment. In that same time frame, non-dispatchable or intermittent land-based wind resources began to gain a foothold in mid-western areas. In the U.S. alone, non-dispatchable resources have continued to grow from 7,596 megawatts in 1990 to 23,113 megawatts in 2007.

Our New World Energy Future Our New World Energy Future DRAFT REPORT Chapter 2 Generation Adequacy Trends and obstacles confronting greater contribution from generation resources Topic Assignment: Woolf 1 , Cavanagh, Smitherman, Gramlich, Weisgall, Allen, Cauley Chapter 2. Generation Supply Adequacy GENERATION TRENDS During the late 1990's and early 2000's, overall base load generation construction declined as generators were reluctant to commit resources to an unsettled regulatory and developing market based environment. In that same time frame, non-dispatchable or variable land-based wind resources began to gain a foothold in mid-western areas. In the U.S. alone, non-dispatchable resources have continued to grow from 2,013 megawatts in 1990 to 16,114 megawatts in 2007.

We discuss the theoretical machinery involved in predicting financial market movements using an artificial market model which has been trained on real financial data. This approach to market prediction - in particular, forecasting financial time-series by training a third-party or 'black box' game on the financial data itself -- was discussed by Johnson et al. in cond-mat/0105303 and cond-mat/0105258 and was based on some encouraging preliminary investigations of the dollar-yen exchange rate, various individual stocks, and stock market indices. However, the initial attempts lacked a clear formal methodology. Here we present a detailed methodology, using optimization techniques to build an estimate of the strategy distribution across the multi-trader population. In contrast to earlier attempts, we are able to present a systematic method for identifying 'pockets of predictability' in real-worldmarkets. We find that as each pocket closes up, the black-box system needs to be 'reset' - which is equivalent to sayi...

In this issue, Energy Detente examines near term oil price and supply prospects. World oil prices have plunged over the last eight weeks to their lowest levels since 1991. This can be attributed to low world oil demand and bearish speculation on world oil markets that the on-again off-again oil export negotiations between Iraq and the United Nations may result in limited amounts of Iraqi crude being added to already swollen oil supplies. To recessionary economics in consuming countries, trends to raise taxes and reduce fuel price subsidies in many countries, and rising costs of environmental protection, producers also scrutinize a concerned Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPEC's reactive potentials are heightened in a period of such market uncertainities.

This paper focuses on how the ancillary service market designs are implemented and how they may require changes on systems with greater penetrations of variable renewable energy suppliers, in particular wind power. Ancillary services markets have been developed in many of the restructured power system regions throughout the world. Ancillary services include the services that support the provision of energy to support power system reliability. The ancillary services markets are tied tightly to the design of the energy market and to the physics of the system and therefore careful consideration of power system economics and engineering must be considered in their design. This paper focuses on how the ancillary service market designs are implemented and how they may require changes on systems with greater penetrations of variable renewable energy suppliers, in particular wind power.

Dept. Reports: U.S. Fuel Cell Market Production and Dept. Reports: U.S. Fuel Cell Market Production and Deployment Continues Strong Growth Energy Dept. Reports: U.S. Fuel Cell Market Production and Deployment Continues Strong Growth December 19, 2013 - 11:36am Addthis News Media Contact (202) 586-4940 WASHINGTON - The Energy Department released three new reports today showcasing strong growth across the U.S. fuel cell and hydrogen technologies market - continuing America's leadership in clean energy innovation and providing U.S. businesses more affordable, cleaner transportation and power options. According to these reports, the United States continues to be one of the world's largest and fastest growing markets for fuel cell and hydrogen technologies. In 2012, nearly 80 percent of total investment in the global fuel cell industry was made in U.S.

This analysis report presents the projected requirements for uranium concentrate and uranium enrichment services to fuel the nuclear power plants expected to be operating under three nuclear supply scenarios. Two of these scenarios, the Lower Reference and Upper Reference cases, apply to the United States, Canada, Europe, the Far East, and other countries with free market economies (FME countries). A No New Orders scenario is presented only for the United States. These nuclear supply scenarios are described in Commercial Nuclear Power 1990: Prospects for the United States and the World (DOE/EIA-0438(90)). This report contains an analysis of the sensitivities of the nuclear fuel cycle projections to different levels and types of projected nuclear capacity, different enrichment tails assays, higher and lower capacity factors, changes in nuclear fuel burnup levels, and other exogenous assumptions. The projections for the United States generally extend through the year 2020, and the FME projections, which include the United States, are provided through 2010. The report also presents annual projections of spent nuclear fuel discharges and inventories of spent fuel. Appendix D includes domestic spent fuel projections through the year 2030 for the Lower and Upper Reference cases and through 2040, the last year in which spent fuel is discharged, for the No New Orders case. These disaggregated projections are provided at the request of the Department of Energy's Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management.

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This report summarizes die research by an Energy Modeling Forum working group on the evolution of the North American natural gas markets between now and 2010. The group`s findings are based partly on the results of a set of economic models of the natural gas industry that were run for four scenarios representing significantly different conditions: two oil price scenarios (upper and lower), a smaller total US resource base (low US resource case), and increased potential gas demand for electric generation (high US demand case). Several issues, such as the direction of regulatory policy and the size of the gas resource base, were analyzed separately without the use of models.

This presentation describes the current international marketconditions regarding offshore wind, including the breakdown of installation costs, how to reduce costs, and the physical siting considerations considered when planning offshore wind construction. The presentation offers several examples of international existing and planned offshore wind farm sites and compares existing international offshore resources with U.S. resources. The presentation covers future offshore wind trends and cites some challenges that the United States must overcome before it will be able to fully develop offshore wind sites.

An ability to exercise market power by suppliers may significantly reduce market efficiency in restructured electricity markets. Many studies have been performed to develop an effective tool to identify market power based on indices. Most often it is ... Keywords: Dispatch sensitivity matrix, HHI, KKT, LI, LMP, MC, Market power, Null space, PTDF, Power transfer distribution factor (PTDF) matrix

We expect the broader expansion of global economic activity in 1995 to more than offset the anticipated slowdown in the US economic growth. This should result in worldwide oil demand growth in excess of 1 million barrels per day and firmer oil prices. This comes on the heels of nearly identical growth in 1994 and should be followed by an even larger increase in 1996. This year`s demand growth comes against a backdrop of flat OPEC production and an increase in non-OPEC supplies that will fall short of the expected increase in consumption. Some degree of political upheaval in at least a half dozen important oil exporting nations could also have implication for crude supplies. One major wildcard that remains for global oil markets is the status of the United Nations` sanctions on Iraqi exports and the timing of when these sanctions are to be eased or lifted completely.

Some US renewable energy industries are now looking abroad, especially to the rapidly developing Asia-Pacific region, in order to increase sales and expand markets. The developing world appears in principle to be an important market for renewable energy technologies. These international markets have proven extremely difficult to penetrate, and the US competitive position is threatened by strong, well-organized, government-supported competition from Japan and Western Europe. For example, US photovoltaic manufacturers held 80% of the world PV market in 1980; today their market share is down to 35%. Less developed countries (LDCs) present a potentially significant but highly elusive market for renewable energy technologies. This market may develop for three major reasons; the shortage of electricity supply and the high cost of grid extension to rural areas, the high cost of oil imports and the scarcity of light oil products, and the gradual replacement of traditional fuels with modern ones. The focus of this report is on the policies and attitudes of national and regional governments in India and Pakistan towards renewable energy technology and how these policies and attitudes affect the potential for penetration of these markets by US industry. We have attempted to provide some useful insight into the actual market environment in India and Pakistan rather than just report on official laws, regulations, and policies. The report also examines the economics of technologies in comparison with more traditional sources of energy. It concentrates primarily on technologies, such as photovoltaics and wind electric systems, that would benefit from foreign participation, but also identifies potential market opportunities for advanced solar desalination and other renewable energy technologies. 31 refs.

World Wide Web Information Servers World Wide Web Information Servers Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory recently announced a gopher and World Wide Web site. To get to the web site, telnet to www.lbl.gov, login: www. Access is provided to LBL's gopher, library catalog, and publication list. The Center is funding the implementation of a WWW network node for on-line access to publications, databases, and documents full of hypermedia links to other documents or information systems from the Energy & Environment Division. Full implementation is expected by May 1994, and will include access to a variety of information from all the research programs and centers. The technology transfer project calls for this newsletter to be published on WWW using the Mosaic interface under development at the National Center

wepstitle.gif (8166 bytes) wepstitle.gif (8166 bytes) Continuing with this release, annual updates to the model will be available. Check this space for scheduled future releases. Note: If you are familiar with the model and just wish to download the latest version, click HERE. The World Energy Projection System The projections of world energy consumption published annually by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in the International Energy Outlook (IEO) are derived from the World Energy Projection System (WEPS). WEPS is an integrated set of personal computer-based spreadsheets containing data compilations, assumption specifications, descriptive analysis procedures, and projection models. The WEPS accounting framework incorporates projections from independently documented models and assumptions about the

Continuing with this release, annual updates to the model will be Continuing with this release, annual updates to the model will be available. Check this space for scheduled future releases. Note: If you are familiar with the model and just wish to download the latest version, click HERE. The World Energy Projection System The projections of world energy consumption published annually by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in the International Energy Outlook (IEO) are derived from the World Energy Projection System (WEPS). WEPS is an integrated set of personal computer-based spreadsheets containing data compilations, assumption specifications, descriptive analysis procedures, and projection models. The WEPS accounting framework incorporates projections from independently documented models and assumptions about the