With the Army of the Potomac from Manassas to
Appomattox
Participated in135 Battles and Skirmishes
----
This regiment detached with the 2nd Corps, covered the rear of the army
on the march from Virginia. At Frederick rejoined the Cavalry Corps and
with Gregg's Division moved in the advance to Gettysburg July 1st, moved
hastily to Manchester to protect trains July 4th joined in pursuit of
the enemy participating in the night attack at Monterey Pass and the
many other cavalry engagements until the enemy retreated into Virginia.

SERVICE.--Duty at Arlington Heights, Va., Defenses
of Washington, D.C., until March, 1862. Advance on Manassas, Va.,
March 10-15. Moved to the Virginia Peninsula April. Siege of Yorktown
April 11-May 4. Baltimore Cross Roads, near New Kent Court House,
May 13. Operations about Bottom's Bridge May 20-23. Reconnaissance
toward Richmond and to Turkey Island Creek Bridge May 23. Savage
Station May 24. Reconnaissance to Seven Pines May 24-27. Chickahominy
May 24. Garnett's Farm and White Oak May 27. Battle of Fair Oaks
(Seven Pines) May 31-June 1. Reconnaissance to White Oak Swamp
June 22-23. Seven days before Richmond June 25-July 1. Bottom's
Bridge June 28-29. Savage Station June 29. Malvern Hill July 1.
At Harrison's Landing until August 16. (Co. "A" at Headquarters
of Gen. Porter; Co; "B" at Headquarters of Gen. McClellan;
Co. "D" at Headquarters of Gen. P. St. G. Cooke.) Turkey
Island Bridge July 20. Reconnaissance to Malvern Hill July 23.
Retreat from the Peninsula and movement to Alexandria. Maryland
Campaign September. Falls Church September 3-4. Sugar Loaf Mountain
September 10-11. Frederick September 12. Middletown September
13. Antietam September 16-17. Boteller's Ford, Sharpsburg, Md.,
September 19. Shepherdstown Ford September 19. Amissville September
30. Reconnaissance from Sharpsburg to Shepherdstown and Martinsburg,
W. Va., October 1 (3 Cos.). Philomont November 1-2. Castleman's
Ferry, Upperville, Union and Bloomfield November 2-3. Aldie and
Ashby's Gap November 3. Markham Station November 4. Barbee's Cross
Roads November 5. Waterloo Bridge November 7. Hazel River November
8. Newby's Cross Roads, near Amissville, November 10. Philomont
November 19. Leed's Ferry and King George Court House December
2. Battle of Fredericksburg December 12-15. Chancellorsville Campaign
April 27-May 6. 1863. Richard's Ford and Barnett's Ford April
29. Ely's Ford Road April 30. Chancellorsville May 1-2. Salem
Heights and Banks' Ford May 4. Aldie June 17. Middleburg June
19. Upperville June 21. Thoroughfare Gap June 25. Westminster,
Md., June 30. Battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1-3. Monterey Gap
July 4. Smithsburg July 5. Williamsport and Hagerstown, Md., July
6. Boonsboro July 8. Jones' Cross Roads, near Williamsport, July
10 and 13. Hagerstown July 10-13. St. James College July 11-12.
Williamsport Road July 14. Shepherdstown July 16. Rixey's Ford
September 2. Advance from the Rappahannock to the Rapidan September
13-17. Culpeper Court House September 13. Rapidan Station September
15-16. Robertson's River September 22. Bristoe Campaign October
9-22. Near Warrenton October 11. Warrenton or White Sulphur Springs
October 12. Auburn and Bristoe October 14. St. Stephen's Church
October 14. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7-8.
Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. New Hope Church November
27. Blind Ferry December 5. Raid to Luray Valley December 21-23.
Regiment reenlisted December 31, 1863. Raid through Chester Gap
January 1-4, 1864. Rapidan Campaign May-June. 1864. Todd's Tavern
May 5-8. Spottsylvania Court House May 8-21 (Co. "A").
Sheridan's Raid to James River May 9-24. Matapony Church May 9.
North Anna River May 9-10. Ground Squirrel Church and Yellow Tavern
May 11. Brook Church or Fortifications of Richmond May 12. Haxall's
Landing May 18. Line of the Pamunkey May 26-28. Totopotomoy May
28-31. Haw's Shop May 28. Cold Harbor May 31-June 1. Sumner's
Upper Bridge June 2. Sheridan's Trevillian Raid June 7-24. Trevillian
Station June 11-12. White House or St. Peter's Church June 21.
Black Creek or Tunstall Station June 21. St. Mary's Church June
24. Siege of Petersburg and Richmond June, 1864, to April, 1865.
Warwick Swamp July 12. Charles City Cross Roads July 15-16. Demonstration
north of the James at Deep Bottom July 27-29. Malvern Hill July
28. Warwick Swamp July 30. Demonstration north of the James at
Deep Bottom August 13-20. Gravel Hill August 14. Strawberry Plains
and Deep Run August 14-18. Charles City Cross Roads August 16.
Dinwiddie Road, near Ream's Station, August 23. Ream's Station
August 25. Belcher's Mills September. 17. Poplar Springs Church
September 29-October 2. Arthur's Swamp September 30-October 1.
Boydton Plank Road, Hatchers Run, October 27-28. Reconnaissance
to Stony Creek November 7. Stony Creek Station December 1. Bellefield
Raid December 7-12. Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, February 5-7,
1865. Appomattox Campaign March 28-April 9. Dinwiddie C. H, March
30-31. Five Forks April 1. Paine's Cross Roads and Amelia Springs
April 5. Deatonville Road and Sailor's Creek April 6. Farmville
April 7. Appomattox C. H. April 9. Surrender of Lee and his army.
Expedition to Danville April 23-29. Duty at Lynchburg and in the
Dept. of Virginia until July. Mustered out by consolidation with
16th Pennsylvania Cavalry July 24, 1865.

Regiment lost during service 5 Officers and 55 Enlisted
men killed and mortally wounded and 2 Officers and 126 Enlisted
men by disease. Total 188.

This Regiment, originally intended as a rifle regiment, subsequently
changed to cavalry, was recruited in:

Philadelphia
Lycoming County
Bucks County
Schuylkill County

The camp of rendezvous was at Nicetown, Philadelphia, where the first company,
under Captain Arrowsmith, was mustered in on the 23d of July, 1861. By the 17th
of September, the companies for the entire regiment were full, and the
organization was completed by the muster in of the following field officers:

On the 4th of October the regiment was ordered to Washington, and went into camp
at Camp Stoneman, on Meridian Hill, but soon after removed to Camp Leslie, on
Arlington Heights, near Fort Corcoran. Here the drill, and camp and garrison
duty which had been commenced at Camp Stoneman, was assiduously prosecuted. It
was assigned to the command of General Fitz John Porter, and was brigaded with
the Third Pennsylvania Cavalry under Colonel Averell. In addition to drill and
camp duty, it was employed during the winter on scout and picket in the vicinity
of Freedom Hill, Vienna, and Fairfax Court House.

1862

Early in January, 1862, the vacancy occasioned by the retirement of Colonel
Chorman was filled by the appointment of Captain David M'M. Gregg, of the Sixth
United States Cavalry, a graduate of West Point. New and complete camp and
garrison equipage with a full outfit of arms and accoutrements were obtained,
strict compliance with army regulations was enforced, schools for theoretical
instruction in tactics were established for officers, and non-commissioned
officers, and both these classes were daily drilled in the school of the trooper
and squadron.

Early in March, it having been reported that the enemy had evacuated his works,
the Eighth and Third regiments were sent in advance of the army, as it moved, to
verify the rumor, and to discover his disposition. They reached Manassas late at
night, only in time to behold the burning of his deserted camps. They were
immediately ordered to return and resume their former positions. The First
Regular Cavalry was added to the brigade, and during the first week in April was
moved in detachments, by transports, to Fortress Monroe. It remained in camp
near Hampton until the evacuation of Yorktown, when it moved forward with the
army, attached to the Fourth Corps, commanded by General Keyes.

It first met the enemy at New Kent Court House, where it skirmished lightly. A
few days later it participated in a reconnaissance by a force of infantry,
artillery, and cavalry under command of Colonel Gregg, to Bottom's Bridge, on
the Chickahominy, and Savage Station, and subsequently in a movement to the
latter place, by troops under General Naglee. Soon afterwards a severe skirmish
occurred near Garnett's House, in front of the Union lines, which resulted in
some loss to the Eighth, its first casualties.

It was present at the battle of Fair Oaks, but the ground being unfavorable for
manoeuvring cavalry, only detachments were engaged. After the battle of Gaines'
Mill it was employed along the line of the Chickahominy, while the army was
starting on the march to the James, and in the destruction of Bottom's and Long
bridges. It re-joined the column at White Oak Swamp, and in the battle of
Malvern Hill portions of the command were actively engaged. During the campaign
company D was detached for duty at the headquarters of General Philip St. George
Cooke, commanding the cavalry; company A to General Porter's headquarters; and
company B as escort to General M'Clellan, at Malvern Hill. Upon the arrival of
the army at Harrison's Landing, Colonel Gregg was assigned to the command of a
cavalry brigade of which the Eighth formed part, and was employed in heavy
picket duty involving some casualties.

The regiment marched with General Pleasanton's Brigade from Harrison's Landing
to Yorktown, acting as rear guard, and thence returned to Alexandria, arriving
on the 2d of September, but not until the second battle of Bull Run was ended.
On the 4th the regiment was sent on a reconnoissance to Freedom Hill, meeting
Stuart's Cavalry, and having a sharp skirmish, and upon being ordered to retire
was followed as far as Fort Upton. The same night it crossed the Potomac and
moved up to Poolesville, where it came upon the enemy, and skirmished sharply at
Sugar Loaf Mountain and at Darnestown.

On the 12th it entered Frederick, driving out the rear guard of the enemy's
cavalry, and capturing twenty prisoners. On the 13th it was ordered on a
reconnaissance to Gettysburg, falling in with, and capturing about fifty rebel
cavalry pickets on the march. From Gettysburg it marched to the battle-field of
Antietam, operating upon the right of the Sharpsburg Pike, with small loss, on
the day following the general engagement. After the battle the regiment was
encamped at Sharpsburg, whence frequent scouts were made across the Potomac,
extending to Shepherdstown and Martinsburg, having a warm encounter at
Charlestown on the 29th.

On the 26th of October Pleasanton's Brigade, composed of the Eighth
Pennsylvania, Eighth Illinois, Eighth New York, and Sixth United States cavalry
regiments, crossed the Potomac, leading the army in its movements into Virginia,
and encountered the enemy at Philomont on the 1st of November, where it was
warmly engaged during the entire day, the Eighth losing ten killed and about
twenty wounded, Lieutenant J. Edward Carpenter being among the latter.

The engagement was renewed on the following day, and the enemy driven.
Subsequently he was met successively at Upperville, Aldie, Barbour's Cross
Roads, Ashby's Gap, Chester Gap, Orleans, Amissville, and Hazel River, the
regiment sustaining heavy losses. It then fell back to Morrisville, and was
employed in picketing Kelly's, Ely's, and United States Fords, subsequently
moved to Falmouth, and was thence ordered to King George Court House, on the
northern neck, to picket the fords of the Rappahannock as far as Leeds. While
near Leeds a squadron under Captain Wilson was surprised and captured. He did
not surrender without a brave resistance. He was taken to Libby Prison; but was
s6on after paroled and returned to his command.

On the night previous to the attack on Fredericksburg the regiment returned to
the army, and during the battle, one squadron, under command of Captain M'Callum,
crossed the river and was engaged in connection with Franldin's Grand Division
on the left.

Upon the fall of General Bayard, Colonel Gregg was ordered to assume command of
his division, and was officially notified upon the field of his promotion to
Brigadier General. The regiment under command of Lieutenant Colonel Griffith
returned to picket duty in King George County after the battle.

On the 25th of December, it was relieved by the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, and
proceeding to Falmouth, was employed in scout and picket duty along the line of
the Rappahannock.

1863

On the 18th of February, 1863, it was ordered into winter-quarters at Acquia
Landing, where it became part of Colonel Devin's Brigade of Pleasanton's
Division, composed of the Eighth Pennsylvania, Sixth New York, and Seventeenth
Pennsylvania Cavalry. After the promotion of Colonel Gregg, Major Pennock Huey
was commissioned Colonel, Captain Samuel Wilson, Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain
Peter Keenan, Major.

On the 21st of April the regiment started on the Chancellorsville campaign, and
proceeded to Kelly's Ford. While on the way the first squadron, companies B and
L, under Captain Arrowsmith, was sent to Ellis Ford, where a party of the enemy
was met and routed. Fording the Rappahannock, the Fifth Corps was found in
possession of the south bank, and the advance was at once resumed, the Eighth
taking the lead.

Captain Arrowsmith with the first squadron was sent to Richards' Ford, where he
surprised and captured the enemy's entire picket party. Captain Corrie in like
manner, coming from the rear, attacked and captured the picket guard at
Bartlett's Ford. Colonel Huey with the remainder of the regiment proceeded to
Ely's Ford, on the Rapidan, crossed the stream, which was then so high that the
horses could with difficulty keep their footing, and charging the enemy, who
were present in some force, drove him nearly two miles in the direction of
Chancellorsville. After stationing pickets he returned and bivouacked for the
night on the high ground on the south side of the river.

At three o'clock on the following morning the regiment moved out on the
Chancellorsville Road, and at the crossing of the United States Ford Road the
advance guard under Lieutenant Carpenter captured a rebel picket party
consisting of twenty-two men and three commissioned officers. Upon the arrival
of the regiment near Chancellorsville, M'Callum's squadron became heavily
engaged, and Wickersham's squadron was sent to his assistance, and finally the
entire regiment was brought into action. The enemy was driven back on the river
road to the woods beyond Chancellorsville. Captain Wickersham was left upon the
picket line, the rest of the regiment retiring behind the infantry.

Early on the morning of May 1st, Wickersham was attacked, but gallantly held his
ground until joined by the main body. The enemy was kept in check, and prevented
from advancing beyond the woods which he occupied, though making repeated
attempts to do so. This was the first fighting on the Chancellorsville field.
The regiment suffered heavily in killed, wounded, and horses.

At ten A. M., General Sykes, with his infantry division of regulars, relieved
the cavalry, and was at once hotly engaged. The Eighth was withdrawn, and was
posted in front of General Hooker's headquarters, at the Chancellor House, where
it remained during the night.

On the morning of the 2d it re-joined the brigade, and with the Seventeenth
Pennsylvania Cavalry was formed in an open field in rear of General Sickle's
line of battle.

"As I was going back at a trot," says General Pleasanton, "an aid-de-camp came
up to me and said, 'General, the Eleventh Corps is falling back very rapidly,
and some cavalry is necessary to stop it.' I understood pretty well what that
meant. I had only two regiments of cavalry with me; [Eighth and Seventeenth
Pennsylvania,] one of them [Sixth New York] having been retained by General
Sickles at the front to protect his right, and there was one battery of horse
artillery with me. When I came to this open space which I had before left, I
found it filled with fugitives, caissons, ambulances, guns, and everything. I
saw the movement was critical, and I called on Major Keenan, of the Eighth
Pennsylvania, and gave him his orders.

'I said to him, 'Major, you must charge in these woods with your regiment, and
hold the rebels until I can get some of my guns into position.' Says I,' You
must do it at all cost.' I mentioned the Major because I knew his character so
well; that he was a man for the occasion. He replied to me with a smile on his
face, though it was almost certain death, 'General, I will do it.' He started in
with his whole regiment, and made one of the most gallant charges in the war. He
was killed at the head of his regiment, but he alarmed the rebels so much that I
gained about ten minutes on the enemy. Major Keenan had only from four to five
hundred men."* The enemy which this single regiment was sent to check was the
front of Stonewall Jackson's Army, which had just fallen upon and routed the
Eleventh Corps, and was rushing on in a resistless torrent to new conquests. It
was one of those critical moments, which is the turning point in the fortunes of
an army. Should Jackson gain the commanding position on this open ground just
before him, and now almost within his grasp, he would sever the Union army and
hold it at his mercy. But if he could be kept in check for a few minutes, until
Pleasanton could bring his artillery into position, this commanding ground could
be held. A fearful sacrifice must be made. It fell to the fortune of the Eighth
Pennsylvania Cavalry to make it. Like the man who is willing to part with a limb
for the preservation of his life, Pleasanton, knowing the critical posture of
affairs, promptly gave the order for the regiment to advance. As promptly it
obeyed; and taking a narrow wood road, with room only for two horsemen to ride
abreast, Huey and Keenan leading, it dashed forward and was soon in the very
midst of the rebel hordes their skirmish line occupying the woods to the right,
and their line of battle, plainly visible not more than seventy yards distant,
on the left. Major Keenan at the head of the first battalion, calling on his men
to stand by him, ordered**them to draw sabre and charge! Reaching the plank road
by wheeled to the left, and dashed with his trusty followers full upon Jackson's
infantry. He was instantly assailed with fearful volleys, and his little band
almost annihilated. By this bold maneuver the enemy was startled, and time was
given Pleasanton to get twenty-two pieces into position, double shotted, bearing
upon the menaced front; and when, in dark masses, the rebels swarmed from the
woods, in a charge upon his guns, he swept them-with terrible effect, and
completely checked the further progress of their army.

After the battle General Pleasanton issued a congratulatory order to his
division, in which he says:

"The distinguished gallantry of the Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment, in charging
the head of the enemy's column, advancing on the Eleventh Corps, on the evening
of the 2d inst., has excited the highest admiration.

* * The gallant M'Vikar, the generous, chivalric Keenan, with one hundred and
fifty killed and wounded from your small numbers, attest the terrible
earnestness that animated the midnight conflict of the second of May." Captain
Charles Arrowsmith and Adjutant J. Hazleton Haddock, were among the killed.

On the 3d, it being rumored that Fitz Hugh Lee had crossed the river above, what
was left of the Eighth was sent across the river to Hartwood Church, and scouted
the country and roads leading to the upper fords and to Warrenton. It returned
at night to United States Ford, encamping on the north side of the stream. On
the morning of the 4th, the Union lines having been contracted, the enemy ran a
light battery close to the river and shelled the camp of the Eighth, killing a
few horses. Captain Wistar, with the Sixth Squadron, was on this day ordered to
report to General Schurz. The balance of the regiment moved to Banks' Ford, and
reported to General Sedgwick, who immediately ordered it to the front. Sharp
skirmishing ensued which lasted until after dark, when Sedgwick retired to the
north bank of the river. A portion of the Eighth acting as his rear guard, under
command of Lieutenant Baker, being strongly pressed, was obliged to swim their
horses.

On the 6th the regiment retired to its camp at Potomac Creek, where it remained
until the 14th, and was then ordered to King George County. Here it was employed
in picketing the country below Acquia Creek and Falmouth until its evacuation
previous to the Gettysburg campaign.

On the 12th of June the regiment reported at Falmouth, and was immediately sent
to Thoroughfare Gap. It had several sharp encounters with the enemy, while
covering the rear of the infantry column in its march towards Maryland, and in
the action at New Market lost fifteen killed and wounded.

At Frederick City it re-joined the cavalry corps, Second Brigade, under command
of Colonel Huey, of the Second Division. On the 30th it moved to Westminster,
thence to Hanover Junction, and on the 4th of July to Emmittsburg, where the
brigade joined General Kilpatrick's command, and crossing the South Mountain
fell in with the enemy's wagon-train, capturing two hundred and fifty wagons and
six hundred prisoners. On the following day it moved through Boonsboro to
Hagerstown, where it was repulsed and fall back to Williamsport, keeping up a
running fight until after dark, and then retiring to camp at Boonsboro.

On the 11th it had a sharp skirmish a short distance beyond the town, and on the
12th it moved to Jones' Cross Roads. Here it remained for three days, advancing
each morning to skirmish with the enemy's infantry pickets. On the 15th it
participated in Kilpatrick's dash at Falling *Waters, encamping the same night
at Boonsboro.

After returning to Virginia the Eighth was employed in guard and picket duty on
the Manassas Railroad, and at Thoroughfare Gap, and about the middle of August,
when the Second Brigade was consolidated with the First and Third, it became
part of the First, which was composed of the Second, Fourth, Eighth, Thirteenth
and Sixteenth Pennsylvania, and First Maine, commanded by General J. Irvin
Gregg. During the campaign which followed, the command was kept in almost
constant motion, for the most part performing severe duty.

On the 12th of October, at Sulphur Springs, the regiment was closely engaged,
losing Lieutenants Daily and Phelps captured, and sixty-five men killed,
wounded, and missing. Two days later, at Bristoe Station, while acting as rear
guard to the column, it was attacked and temporarily cut off, but with only
trifling loss.

From this time until the advance to Mine Run it performed picket duty in the
vicinity of Morrisville and Beverly Ford. In that advance it was employed upon
the left flank of the army, having a sharp engagement at New Hope Church, and
after its return went into winter-quarters at Bealton Station.

1864

On the 21st of December it was ordered out upon the raid into the Luray Valley,
where much property, valuable to the enemy, was destroyed; and again on the 1st
of January, 1864, crossed the Blue Ridge at Chester Gap, destroying forage,
partially tanned leather, and tan-yards. During the winter the greater portion
of the regiment re-enlisted and were given veteran furloughs by battalions.

Upon the opening of the Wilderness campaign on the 4th of May, the Eighth
marched with Sheridan on the Richmond raid, and participated in the engagements
at the fortifications of the rebel capital, at the Brock Road, and in minor
actions, losing in all about one hundred men, among them Lieutenant Colonel
Samuel Wilson, wounded.

Upon the arrival of the command at White House, General Sheridan called upon the
Eighth for an officer to go to the James River and communicate with General
Butler. Lieutenant John S. Howard volunteered to go, and on his return was sent
with four men to carry dispatches through the enemy's lines to General Grant,
then engaged in the Wilderness, which were delivered three days after in safety,
the little party having captured six prisoners, fully armed and equipped, on the
way.

Re-joining the army Sheridan moved on with it to Hawes' Shop, where the enemy
was driven, with a loss to the Eighth of twenty-five killed and wounded. On the
31st of May, Sheridan attacked Fitz Hugh Lee's Cavalry supported by Clingman's
infantry and routed them. Here, while reconnoitring with his company, in front
of the enemy's lines, Captain Henry H. Garrett was badly wounded, and never
after recovered sufficiently to return to his command.

On the 7th of June the regiment marched with Sheridan's Corps upon a raid to
Gordonsville. The weather was excessively hot and the progress of the column
slow. The enemy, apprised of Sheridan's design, prepared to meet him at
Trevillian Station. The rebels were strongly posted in a cut of the railroad and
behind breast-works. After a desperate encounter the position was carried, the
Eighth losing in the battle thirty-five, but capturing a larger number from the
enemy.

On the 14th the command fell back to West Point, the Eighth being assigned to
the duty of guarding the wounded and prisoners, the latter numbering six
hundred. At St. Mary's Church, Gregg's Division, while on the way from White
House to the James, encountered a greatly superior force of the enemy, who
apprised of Gregg's weakness, attacked. Gregg called for reinforcements, but
these failing to come, he was obliged to fight his way back to the main column.
Repeated charges were made to hold the enemy in check, in one of which Colonel
Huey and Captain Piggott were captured, and about forty men killed, wounded, and
missing.

On the 1st of July the regiment crossed the James River at Buchanan's Point, and
moved with the division up to the Blackwater, and thence to the Nottaway River,
for a diversion in favor of General Wilson's command, which had been roughly
handled by the enemy while on a raid to the rear of Richmond.

After this it was stationed on the Jerusalem Plank Road near Petersburg, and was
engaged in picketing, from the vicinity of the Blackwater towards the South Side
Railroad.

On the 26th it was ordered to move at night, and crossing the Appomattox and the
James proceeded to Malvern Hill, where it took part in a sharp engagement,
losing five men, and taking about sixty prisoners. Again, on the 29th, it was
engaged at the Charles City Road, but with only small loss, principally from sun
stroke. That night it re-crossed the James and moved out to Lee's Mills, on the
Blackwater, and on the following night to Prince George Court House.

Two weeks later it again crossed the James and engaged the enemy at Charles City
Road, losing fifteen men. On the 16th of August it was engaged nearly the entire
day at Spotted Tavern, and in the afternoon suffered severe loss in repulsing an
attack of the rebel infantry upon the brigade battery. Lieutenant George L.
Bragg, regimental quartermaster, was killed, and Lieutenant Colonel Wilson
commanding, Major Corrie and twenty-three enlisted men were wounded.

The command devolved on Major Wistar, and on the 18th, in a hot engagement at
Nelson's Farm, it lost twenty men killed and wounded. Its ranks had now become
reduced by the constant marching and fighting since the opening of May, to about
two hundred men present for duty.

On the night of the 20th it re-crossed the river and marched to the Jerusalem
Plank Road, where it was engaged in picketing from Lee's Mills to the Weldon
Railroad. In the action at Ream's Station on the 23d, it was engaged and
suffered heavy loss. Major Wistar, commanding, and Captain Oldham, were wounded,
and about twenty men killed and wounded. The command devolved on Captain
Alexander O I'Callum, all the field officers having been either wounded or
captured.

In the operations of the cavalry during the fall and winter, while the siege of
Petersburg was in progress, the regiment participated, and upon the opening of
active operations in the spring, moved with Sheridan to Five Forks, sharing in
the hardships and glories of that short but brilliant campaign, which culminated
in the surrender of Lee.

Captain John S. Howard, who had displayed signal daring and gallantry in bearing
dispatches, as already noted, was mortally wounded in the action at Five Forks,
and died on the 22d of April.

After the surrender the regiment moved with the cavalry to Danville, to
reinforce Sherman, but after the surrender of Johnston, returned to Petersburg,
and soon after was ordered to Lynchburg, where, on the 24th of July, it was
consolidated with the Sixteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. It was mustered out of
service with that organization on the 11th of August, 1865, at Richmond.

Source for history & rosters: History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers
1861-1865; prepared in Compliance With Acts of the Legislature, by Samuel P.
Bates, A Member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Volume III, Harrisburg:
B. Singerly, State Printer. 1871.