The differential diagnosis for such a finding on chest radiograph or axial-CT images include other solitary pulmonary nodules, such as bronchogenic carcinoma and metastatic disease, hamartoma, tuberculoma, and bronchogenic cyst, to name a few.

Because of the high frequency of ELS with other congenital abnormalities, including bronchogenic cyst, diaphragmatic hernia, adenoid cystic malformation and lobar emphysema, ELS is confined to neonates.

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