Posted by PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN on Senin, 26 Juni 2017

21st CENTURY SKILLS FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS

21st CENTURY SKILLS
FOR STUDENTS

Education
plays a very important and strategic role in building a skilled knowledge
community that has the skills: (1) technology and media literacy; (2) to
communicate effectively; (3) critical thinking; (4) solve the problem; And (5)
collaborate. (Wahyono and Pujiriyanto, 2010).

In
the 21st century, competition in various areas of life, including the field of
education, especially science education is very tight. We are faced with
demands for the importance of qualified human resources and able to compete.
Quality human resources, produced by quality education can be a major force to
address the problems at hand. One way to go is through improving the quality of
education.

As
has been pointed out in a previous post that Learning 21st century has a cirri
called 4C, namely:

1)
Communication

In
this character, learners are required to understand, manage, and create
effective communication in various forms and contents in oral, written, and
multimedia. Learners are given the opportunity to use their ability to express
their ideas, either during discussion with friends and when solving problems
from educators.

2)
Collaboration

In
this character, learners demonstrate their abilities in teamwork and
leadership, adapt in various roles and responsibilities, work productively with
others, place empathy in place, respect for different perspectives. Learners
also exercise personal responsibility and personal flexibility, at work, and
community relations, setting and achieving high standards and goals for
themselves and others, to understand confusion.

3)
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

In
this character, learners strive to provide logical reasoning in understanding
and making complex choices, understanding the interconnections between systems.
Learners also use the ability they have to try to solve the problems they face
independently, learners also have the ability to compose and disclose, analyze,
and solve problems.

4)
Creativity and Innovation

In
this character, learners have the ability to develop, implement, and convey new
ideas to others, be open and responsive to new and different perspectives.

21st CENTURY SKILLS FOR STUDENTS (1)

The
skills of the XXI century are the skills needed to face life in a global
society. Some organizations have defined and identified the skills of the XXI
century. Although the classification of this XXI century skill from several
different organizations, but essentially the same.

The
Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21, 2008) has identified 21st Century
Student Learning Skills (Literature) that students and graduates desperately
need to achieve and compete in the XXI century. This XXI century skill will
improve the ability of marketability, employability, and readiness for
citizenship. The XXI century skills referred to by The Partnership for 21st
Century Skills (P21, 2008) are as follows:

(1) Think critically and make judgments about the
abundance of information that appears every day whether on the web, in the
media, in electronic media, at home, at work, and elsewhere. Critical thinking
and consideration will help a person assess the credibility, accuracy, and
benefits of information, analyze and evaluate information, make sensible
decisions, and take responsible action.

(2) Solve complex, open, and multidisciplinary problems
that all workers will face problems. The challenge faced by workers is that
they will not face problems in a closed format and also do not produce a single
solution, as is often found in most textbooks, but they will face problems in
complex, unstructured, and require formats Multiple solutions (more than one
answer). The world of work expects a worker capable of identifying problems,
finding solutions and alternatives, and exploring new options if the approach
is not working.

(3) Creativity and entrepreneurial thinking, ie a number
of skills related to job creation. Almost all jobs expect their workers to
master creative thinking skills, that is, unusual thinking skills, asking
unusual questions, producing new scenarios, and producing amazing jobs. A
person should be able to create jobs for himself and others with
entrepreneurial thinking, such as the ability to organize and take the
opportunity and desire to take risks and responsibilities.

(4) Communicate and collaborate on teams whose members
come from people across cultures, geographies, and / or languages. These skills
are needed in the workplace and the global community. Everyone should be able
to interact with others competently and with mutual respect.

(5) Using innovative knowledge, information and
opportunities to perform new services and processes and create new products.
Global markets require organizations to find ways to do things better quickly
and routinely. Companies want workers who can contribute as much as possible to
the progress of the company.

(6) Have financial, health and citizen responsibilities
and make wise choices. Every citizen should be able to save money to plan his
health care. Everyone needs this skill because choices get more complex and the
consequences of wrong decisions can result in harm.

21st CENTURY SKILLS FOR STUDENTS (2)

Meanwhile,
the National Education Association (NEA, 2015) identifies four groups of 21st
Century Student Learning Skills (Competencies) that belong to the skills of the
XXI century. The four skills classes are critical thinking skills,
communication skills, collaborative skills, and creativity. These four skills
classes are referred to as 4Cs skills (Critical thinking, Communication,
Collaboration, and Creativity). NEA revealed that educators should complete all
subject matter with 4 Cs skills to prepare young people to be good citizens and
to successfully compete in the job market in a global society.

The
first 21st Century Learning Skills (Competency of Students) by NEA (NEA, 2015)
is critical thinking. The relationship between critical thinking and education
is very clear. One can not learn well without thinking critically well.
Critical thinking contributes to success in studies and careers. Skills such as
analysis, interpretation, precision and thoroughness, problem solving, and
reasoning are more important than just certain content mastery. Teaching
critical thinking and solving problems effectively in the classroom is very
important for learners. Learning to think critically leads learners to develop
other skills, such as high levels of concentration, analytical skills and
thought processes in depth. Today, every citizen must be a critical thinker,
one who is able to compare evidence, evaluate claims, and make sensible
decisions. Likewise in daily work, workers must use critical thinking to
provide better service to customers, and develop better products (NEA, n.d.).

21st CENTURY SKILLS FOR STUDENTS (3)

The
second 21st century Learning Skills (Student Competency) according to NEA
(2015) is communication. Learners should be able to analyze and process some
amount of information that is very abundant in life or daily work. Learners
should be able to assess credible sources of information and how these sources
of information can be used effectively?

The
third 21st Century Learning Skills (Competency of Students) by NEA (2015) is
collaboration. Generally, collaboration has been accepted as an essential skill
to achieve effective and meaningful learning and work outcomes. In the current
decade, collaboration is not only important, but it is also needed by everyone.
Learners should be able to collaborate with each other in a global society.

The
fourth (21st Century) (XXI) Student Learning Skill (XXI) by NEA (2015) is
creativity. The present and future world will be filled by creative thinking
people. Therefore, we must be able to become a creator, an empathy, pattern
identifier, and meaning. After graduating from an educational institution, if
graduates are incapable of creating and innovating continuously, they will not
be prepared for the challenges of the world of work and the global community.
In the world of global competition and the current task force automation,
creativity and innovation are essential needs for personal and professional
success. Thus, graduates should have good creativity and innovation.

21st CENTURY SKILLS FOR STUDENTS (4)

The
National Research Council (in Lai & Viering, 2012) has initiated the topics
of learning and skills assessment of the XXI century. Type of Learning Skills
(Student Competency) 21st Century required by learners to have readiness in
careers and follow the education in college and career readiness is

1) cognitive skills that include critical thinking,
nonroutine problem solving, and system thinking,

The
Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (ATC 21) (Binkley et al., 2010)
has offered a framework for organizing different types of Learning Skills
(Student Competencies) of the 21st Century. This framework includes four skills
classes:

1) ways of thinking, including creativity and innovation,
critical thinking, problem solving, and decision making, and metacognition or
learning to learn,

2) how to work, including communication and collaboration
or teamwork,

4) live in the world, including citizenship, life and
career skills, and personal and social responsibilities.

The
Educational Testing Service (ETS) (in the Pacific Policy Research Center, 2010)
defines the 21st Century Student Learning Skills as

1) the ability to collect and obtain information,

2) organize and manage information,

3) evaluating the quality, relevance and usefulness of
information, and

4) produce accurate information through the use of
existing resources.

The
North Central Regional Education Laboratory (NCREL, 2003) identifies the wider
21st Century Learning Skills (Competency of Students) as a learning achievement
of the XXI century through digital literacy, inventive thinking, effective
communication, and high productivity.

In
learning activities that are characterized by the implementation of 21st
century learning, there are 3 Learning Skills (Student Competency) 21st
Century, namely: 1) Life and Career Skills, 2) Learning and innovations Skills
- 4Cs, and 3) Information, Median and Technologi Skills.

1.
Life and Career Skills

Life
and Career skills (life skills and careers), including:

•
Flexibility and adaptability: Learners have the ability to adapt change and are
flexible in learning and engaging in groups

•
Have the initiative and can manage themselves: Learners have the ability to
manage goals and time, work independently and become self-regulated learners.

•
Social and intercultural interactions: Learners have the ability to interact
and work effectively with diverse groups.

•
productivity and accountability: Learners are able to manage projects and
produce products.

•
Leadership and responsibility: Learners are able to lead their friends and be
responsible to the wider community.

•
Critical thinking and problem solving: learners are able to use various reasons
(reason) such as inductive or deductive for various situations; Use system
thinking; Make decisions and solve problems

•
Communication and collaboration: learners are able to communicate clearly and
collaborate with other group members.

•
Creativity and innovation: learners are able to think creatively, work
creatively

3.
Information Media and Technology Skills

Information
technology and media skills, including:

•
Literacy information: learners are able to access information effectively
(source of information) and efficient (time); Evaluate the information to be
used critically and competently; Use and manage information accurately and
effectively to resolve problems.

•
media literacy: learners are able to select and develop the medium used to
communicate.

•
ICT Literacy: learners are able to analyze information media; And create
appropriate media for communication.

21st
CENTURY SKILLS FOR TEACHERS

Based on a study on 21st Century Skills Assessment and Teaching of 21st
Century Skills has categorized 21st century skills into four major sections,
enabling individuals to contribute to social capital and intellectual capital
in modern times.

The
four categories are; Way of thinking, including creativity, innovation,
critical thinking, problem solving, decision making and learning. Second, the
way of working includes communication skills, collaboration and teamwork.

Third,
Skills to live in the world, including having awareness as a global citizen as
well as locally, developing life and career; As well as assuming personal and
social responsibility. And Fourthly, the Tool for Working Skills is based on
new information and communication technologies as well as information literacy,
including the ability to learn and work through digital social networks.

According
to the International Society for Technology in Education, the characteristics
of 21st century teachers' skills in which the information age is the key
feature, sharing the skills of 21st century teachers into five categories:

1.
Able to facilitate and inspire students' learning and creativity, with
indicators including the following:

•
Encourage, support and model creative and innovative inventions and ideas.

•
Involve students in exploring real world issues and solving authentic problems
using tools and digital sources.

•
Develop a technology-rich learning environment that enables all students to be
curious and active participants in setting learning goals, managing their own
learning and measuring their own learning progress.

•
Customize and personalize learning activities that can meet work style learning
strategies and capabilities using diverse tools and digital resources.

•
Provide a variety of formative and summative evaluation tools in accordance
with technology and content standards that can provide useful information for
student learning and general learning.

3.
Being a model of how to learn and work in the digital era, with indicators as
follows:

•
Demonstrate proficiency in technology systems and transfer knowledge to new
technologies and situations.

•
Collaborate with students, peers, and communities using digital tools and
resources to drive student success and innovation.

•
Communicate ideas effectively to students, parents, and colleagues using a
variety of digital media formats.

•
Demonstrate and facilitate the effective use of the latest digital tools to
analyze, evaluate and utilize these information sources to support research and
learning.

4.
Encourage and be a model of responsibility and the digital community, with
indicators including the following:

•
Encouraging, modeling, and teaching in a healthy, legal and ethical way using
digital information technology, including copyright, intellectual property
rights and documentation of learning resources.