Iranians, Lebanese, Chinese and Emirati individuals and companies are also now blacklisted from doing any business in the US or with American citizens.

“Iran’s continued support for terrorism and development of its ballistic missile programme poses a threat to the region, to our partners worldwide and to the United States,” John E. Smith, the Treasury Department’s acting sanctions chief, said in a statement.

“We will continue to actively apply all available tools, including financial sanctions, to address this behaviour,” Mr Smith said.

The sanctions are the first against Iran in Donald Trump’s new presidency, reflecting his desire to take a tougher stance toward Tehran.

Throughout his campaign, Mr Trump accused the Obama administration of being weak on Iran and vowed to crack down if elected.

#Iran's latest ballistic missile test was a flagrant violation of UN Security Council resolutions. I support Trump admin's new sanctions. pic.twitter.com/MhK06J2pcS

That agreement was concluded in parallel, but separately to the nuclear accord.

“This is fully consistent with the Obama administration’s commitment to Congress that the nuclear deal does not preclude the use of non-nuclear sanctions,” said Mark Dubowitz, chief executive officer of the Foundation for Defence of Democracies, which advocates for a hardline US position on Iran.

The sanctions come after Mr Trump and his aides issued cryptic warnings about potential retaliation against Tehran for testing a ballistic missile and for supporting Shiite rebels in Yemen known as the Houthis.

The US accuses Iran of arming and financing the rebels, who this week claimed a successful missile strike against a warship belonging to a Saudi-led coalition fighting to reinstall Yemen’s internationally recognised government. Iran denies arming the Houthis.