Compression fractures of the back

Taking corticosteroid medications (prednisone, methylprednisolone) every day for more than 3 months

Taking thyroid hormone replacement

Three or more drinks of alcohol a day on most days

Current practice recommends BMD retesting every 2 years. However, recent research suggests that some women may be able to wait a much longer time between their screening tests. Discuss with your doctor how often you should be tested.

Normal Results

The results of your test are usually reported as a T-score and Z-score:

T-score compares your bone density with that of healthy young women.

Z-score compares your bone density with that of other people of your age, gender, and race.

With either score, a negative number means you have thinner bones than average. The more negative the number, the higher your risk of a bone fracture.

A T-score is within the normal range if it is -1.0 or above.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Bone mineral density testing does not diagnose fractures. Along with other risk factors you may have, it helps predict your risk of having a bone fracture in the future. Your doctor will help you understand the results.

If your T-score is:

Between -1 and -2.5, you may have early bone loss (osteopenia).

Below -2.5, you likely have osteoporosis.

Treatment recommendation depends on your total fracture risk. This risk can be calculated using the FRAX score. Your health care provider can tell you more about this. You can also find information about FRAX online.

Risks

Bone mineral density uses a slight amount of radiation. Most doctors feel that the risk is very low compared with the benefits of finding osteoporosis before you break a bone.