Principal Investigator(s):
Golub, Andrew, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc.;
Johnson, Bruce D., National Development and Research Institutes, Inc.

Summary:

The purpose of the study was to determine how much Manhattan (New York City) arrestees surveyed by the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program spend on drug expenses. The program obtained both self-report and urinalysis data from a total of 5,210 Manhattan arrestees surveyed by the ADAM program from 1998 to 2002. The principal investigators developed a formula for an episodic estimator of a respondent's drug expense for cash, noncash, and cash-combination transactions. The dataset contains a total of 267 variables relating to Manhattan arrestees' demographics, interview information, criminal history, urinalysis test results, drug use, drug market transactions, and drug expenses.

The purpose of the study was to determine how much Manhattan (New York City) arrestees surveyed by the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program spend on drug expenses. The program obtained both self-report and urinalysis data from a total of 5,210 Manhattan arrestees surveyed by the ADAM program from 1998 to 2002. The principal investigators developed a formula for an episodic estimator of a respondent's drug expense for cash, noncash, and cash-combination transactions. The dataset contains a total of 267 variables relating to Manhattan arrestees' demographics, interview information, criminal history, urinalysis test results, drug use, drug market transactions, and drug expenses.

Guidelines for Applying for Restricted Data

Before you begin an application you will need the following information to complete the form

General Requirements:

appointment at research institution; appointment must be under the jurisdiction of the receiving institution

degree requirements (possibly doctorate)

Must be submitted:

project description

IRB approval

approved security plan

roster of research and IT staff who can access or view the data or computer where data are hosted.

confidentiality pledges for all people on roster

Some require:

CV's

Access to these data is restricted. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete a Restricted Data Use Agreement, specify the reasons for the request, and obtain IRB approval or notice of exemption for their research.

Any public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public.
Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.

Universe:
All persons arrested and booked on local and state charges (i.e., not federal and out-of-county charges) in Manhattan (New York City), NY, between 1998 and 2002.

Data Type(s):
administrative records data,
clinical data,
survey data

Data Collection Notes:

Users should refer to the final report listed in the related literature section of this study as well as other studies in the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program/Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) Series for additional information on the study design and methodology, sampling, and weighting.

Users should be aware that the original SPSS setup file created by the principal investigators that is being distributed with this data collection (pgm22381-0001.sps) contains syntax to create additional variables which are not included in the ICPSR version of the dataset.

Users should be aware that there is a small difference between the total case count in the ICPSR version of the dataset and the case count referenced in the final report that was created by the principal investigators for this study. Please see the codebook notes for additional information regarding the case count for this study.

Methodology

Study Purpose:
How much drug users spend on their habits can potentially provide various insights into drug-related problems. Information about individuals' drug expenses can indicate much about the size of drug markets, the financial burden of use, drug-related crime, and potential challenges for treatment. The purpose of the study was to determine how much Manhattan (New York City) arrestees surveyed by the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program spend on drug expenses.

Study Design:

In 1987, the United States National Institute of Justice established the Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) program to measure trends in illicit drug use among booked arrestees in most large cities (or counties) with a total population of at least one million, as well as many smaller cities for geographic diversity. The program obtained both self-report and urinalysis data from arrestees. In 1997, the program was redesigned and retitled Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM). In 2000, ADAM introduced significant changes to the survey instrument, sampling procedures, and public-use data files. For this study, the researchers utilized data on a total of 5,210 Manhattan (New York City) arrestees surveyed by the ADAM program from 1998 to 2002.

The principal investigators developed a formula for an episodic estimator of a respondent's drug expense for cash, noncash, and cash-combination transactions. The ADAM questionnaire asked each respondent whether he/she had in the past 30 days obtained any marijuana, crack/rock cocaine, powder cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine. For each drug the respondent obtained, the survey then asked if he/she had ever paid cash and whether he/she had obtained drugs without paying cash. The value of a transaction was based on either the price paid or the amount of a drug obtained, depending on the nature of the transaction. For cash-only transactions, the value was set at the price paid. The researchers used a two-step procedure for estimating the value of noncash transactions. First, they examined the types of units involved in transactions for each drug. For each type of unit, the research team examined the distribution of prices per unit paid in cash-only purchases as well as the median and the mode. They then set a typical price-per-unit for each drug and each type of unit. Second, the principal investigators estimated the value of noncash transactions as the number of units obtained multiplied by the typical price per unit. For cash-combination transactions, the researchers calculated the value of the transaction based on the quantity of drugs obtained using the procedure for noncash transactions.

Sample:
Starting in 1998, the Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program began to phase in sampling strategies designed to yield a statistically representative sample of arrestees for each site. This sampling plan was fully implemented by 2000. From 1998 through the first quarter of 2001, ADAM also interviewed arrestees in the four other boroughs of New York City, however these cases were excluded from this study. For this study, the final sample consisted of 5,210 Manhattan arrestees surveyed by the ADAM program from 1998 to 2002. More specifically, during the 1998-1999 period, the sample consisted of 2,242 ADAM-Manhattan respondents. During the 2000-2002 period, the sample consisted of 2,968 ADAM-Manhattan respondents.

Weight:
The dataset contains two weight variables: WEIGHTU "WEIGHT--PROVIDED URINE" and WEIGHTQ "WEIGHT--RESPONDED TO SURVEY". The principal investigators modified the ADAM-Manhattan sample weights to control for nonparticipation in each year from 2000 to 2002 and for the oversampling of female arrestees in each year from 1998 to 2002.

Mode of Data Collection:
face-to-face interview

Data Source:

ARRESTEE DRUG ABUSE MONITORING (ADAM) PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES, 1998 [ICPSR 2826]

ARRESTEE DRUG ABUSE MONITORING (ADAM) PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES, 1999 [ICPSR 2994]

ARRESTEE DRUG ABUSE MONITORING (ADAM) PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES, 2000 [ICPSR 3270]

ARRESTEE DRUG ABUSE MONITORING (ADAM) PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES, 2001 [ICPSR 3688]

ARRESTEE DRUG ABUSE MONITORING (ADAM) PROGRAM IN THE UNITED STATES, 2002 [ICPSR 3815]

Description of Variables:
The dataset contains a total of 267 variables relating to Manhattan arrestees' demographics, interview information, criminal history, urinalysis test results, drug use, drug market transactions, and drug expenses. Demographic variables include gender, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, primary income source, and employment status. Interview variables include year of interview, quarter of the year, age of interviewer, and race of interviewer. Criminal history variables provide information on arrests and incarcerations. Urinalysis test results are provided for five drugs -- marijuana, cocaine, opiates, methamphetamine, and methadone. Drug use variables include use of marijuana, crack cocaine, powder cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine (ever, past 12 months, past 30 days, and past 72 hours) and the age of first use of the above five drugs. Drug market transactions variables contain detailed information on the characteristics of arrestees' drug transactions in the past 30 days. Drug expense variables include the cost and value per month for marijuana, powder cocaine, crack cocaine, heroin, and drugs as well as the cost and value per day of use for the same five drugs.

Response Rates:
During the period from 2000 to 2002, approximately 70 percent of the ADAM-eligible arrestees in Manhattan were available and agreed to participate. Response rate information is not available for ADAM-eligible arrestees in Manhattan during the period from 1998 to 1999.

Presence of Common Scales:
none

Extent of Processing: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of
disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major
statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to
these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

Golub, Andrew,
Johnson, Bruce D.
How Much Do Manhattan-Arrestees Spend on Drugs?.
Final Report to the National Institute of Justice Regarding Monitoring Drug Markets in Manhattan with ADAM.
NIJ 207147,
New York, NY:
National Development and Research Institutes, Inc..