"... to protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects at the
University of Rochester. To accomplish this, we review, approve the initiation of,
and conduct periodic review of research involving human subjects."

Volunteering for a Clinical Trial

What is a Clinical Trial?

A clinical trial is the term for any test or study of an investigational
drug, device, or other medical treatment in human subjects. Some clinical
trials may test already approved (on the market) medications or devices.

Researchers are constantly looking for better or new ways for treating
illness and disease. Clinical trials are designed to determine whether
the investigational drug, device or treatments are safe and effective
for people to use. Clinical trials attempt to show that the investigational
treatment is better than, as good as, or not better than the standard
treatments available.

Why do People Volunteer?

There are several reasons why people volunteer for clinical trials
but for most, it is the possibility to help themselves and to help
others who may benefit from developing a new medication or treatment.

Who conducts clinical trials?

Clinical trials are sponsored by government agencies such as the
National Institutes of Health (NIH), foundations such as the American
Cancer Society and the Kidney Foundation, pharmaceutical companies,
device manufacturers, research institutions, individual physicians,
and other health organizations. The sponsor is responsible for designing
a protocol, which is the study plan that the investigator follows.
Only trained investigators (doctors, nurses and medical researchers)
actually conduct the study.

Who can participate?

Every clinical trial has guidelines about who is eligible. There
are certain requirements about your health, medical condition, medications,
age and other things.

What can I expect?

More than anything else, you have the right to expect complete information
about the trial. You should not participate in a clinical trial unless
all your questions have been answered in a way you can understand.
You should also understand your commitment to the trial. You will
need to follow the investigator's instructions carefully.

What are the risks?

There may be side effects or adverse reactions to the medications
or treatments. Because the treatments being studied are new, the doctors
do not always know what the side effects will be. While it is possible
that some side effects could be permanent or life threatening, most
are temporary and can be treated or go away when the treatment is
stopped.

Many studies require that neither the subject nor the doctor know
whether the subject is receiving the experimental treatment, the standard
treatment or a placebo (an inactive substance that looks like the
drug being tested).

What are the benefits?

There may or may not be a direct benefit to you if you volunteer
for a clinical trial. Your health or your health condition may get
better as a result of your participation, it may stay the same or
it may even get worse. No one can completely predict the outcome of
a clinical trial or how it might effect you. The study may result
in information that will help others in the future.

How are volunteers protected?

Your study doctor and the research team are concerned about your
health and safety. If you have any questions or think you are having
a study related problem, you should contact them right away.

Federal regulations require that you be given complete information
about the trial before you agree to participate. This is known as
informed consent. You will be told:

That the trial involves research

The purpose of the research

How long the trial is expected to take

What will go on in the study and which parts are experimental

Possible risks or discomforts

Possible benefits

Other alternatives that are available instead of the research
treatment

That the FDA and others may inspect the study records, but the
records will be kept in a confidential manner

Whether medical treatments may be available if you have side effects,
what the treatments are, where you can get them and who will pay
for them

Who you can contact with questions about the trial, your rights
as a research subject, and injuries related to the research

That being in the trial is voluntary and that you can quit at
any time without otherwise affecting your treatment or the services
you receive

Before you can be in the trial, you must sign a consent form showing
that you have been given this information and that you understand
it. So make sure you understand all the information first and ask
the person giving you the information to explain anything you do
not understand.

Clinical trials, by law, must be approved and monitored by an institutional
review board (IRB). The IRB checks to see that there is the least
possible risk to volunteers and that the risks are reasonable in relation
to any expected benefits. The IRB reviews the plan for volunteer selection
for fairness and that informed consent is obtained correctly.

What kinds of questions should I be asking?

Here are some questions to ask the doctor to help you decide if you
want to take part in a clinical trial:

What is the study trying to find out?

Who is sponsoring the study?

What kinds of tests and exams will I have to take while I am in
the study? How much time do these take? What is involved in each
test? Are these extra tests?

How often does the study require me to go to the doctor or clinic?

Will I be hospitalized? If so, how often and for how long?

What are the costs to me? Will my health insurance pay for it?

Will there be follow-up?

What happens at the end of the study?

What are my other treatment choices? How do they compare with
the treatment being studied?

What side effects can I expect from the treatment being tested?
How do they compare with side effects of standard treatment? How
long will they last?

For more information regarding the protection of human subjects participating in research, visit the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) web site at www.hhs.gov/ohrp/

Produced:w! by

Office for Human Subject Protection

University of Rochester

Rochester, NY

2/03

* We have provided the information regarding Volunteering
for a Clinical Trial in a PDF format. These files may be printed
and copied to produce a tri-fold brochure to be used as an educational
tool to give to potential study volunteers. You will note that the
brochure does not contain any contact information. Materials containing
contact information (names and phone numbers) would be considered
recruitment advertisements and subject to IRB review and approval.