• under dark-adapted conditions, mice exhibit a decrease in all-trans-retinal but slower clearance of all-trans retinal and all-trans retinol compared to in wild-type mice results in a 20% increase in all-trans-retinal levels immediately after light illumination and a 40% increase 15 minutes after illumination

• newly formed retinyl esters assemble into more aggregates than in wild-type mice and these aggregates are highly mobile unlike in wild-type cells