Substantive Test/Procedure are different… they are the audit tests which an auditor take inorder to find material misstatements. (fraud is not responsibility of ext auditor but most likely it is discovered in substantive procedures). Substantives is actually Testing EACH MATERIAL ITEM in F.S by Using techiniques (e.g Checking Records, Enquiring About Something, Analytical Review) And Some smart students also say that Substantives are done on SFP (balance sheet) only.

Test of controls actually test how well and organisation has its controls. e.g wages system, purchase system, or sales system. Auditors test them to check the VALUE of those controls. E.g by trying something WRONG and check if Control system detects it. And Auditors also look to find loopholes in Controls.

Common example = Segregation of Duties, Good Dispatch notes along with invoices.