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1 MS-ESS2-6 Develop and use a model to describe how unequal heating and rotation of the Earth cause patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates. [Clarification statement: Emphasis is on how patterns vary by latitude, altitude, and geographic land distribution. Emphasis of atmospheric circulation is on the sunlight-driven latitudinal banding, the Coriolis effect, and resulting prevailing winds;; emphasis of ocean circulation is on the transfer of heat by the global ocean convection cycle, which is constrained by the Coriolis effect and the outlines of continents. Examples of models can be diagrams, maps and globes, or digital representations.] [Assessment boundary: Assessment does not include the dynamics of the Coriolis effect.] Practice: Developing and Using Models Crosscutting Concept: Systems and System Models

2 Task 1 Imagine you are going to conduct the following experiment. Follow the directions below:

3 Task 2 Answer the following questions about regional climate: 1. How could you use an isobar map to predict the wind direction and speed? 2. How could you use an isobar map to predict where the cloud cover would be? 3. Why do areas of lower pressure often have cloud cover? 4. Your cousin from Florida is moving to Michigan and is nervous about the cold temperatures. What advice would you give him/her about where not to move to in Michigan? Source:

4 Task 3 1. What causes air currents to form? a. Air currents form when cold air rises and warm air sinks. b. Air currents form when warm air rises and cold air sinks. c. The rising and sinking of air does not create air currents. Air currents form when cold air moves along the surface of the earth toward warmer air. d. The rising and sinking of air cannot cause air currents to form. Air currents form only because of the rotation of the earth. 2. Draw a model to explain your answer.

5 Task 4 Why is the equator hotter than the poles? A. The Earth has a spherical shape B. The equator is closer to the sun C. The Earth produces heat at the equator D. The equator has more volcanoes Source: e

6 Task 5 Describe how energy from the sun influences global winds. Your response must include the terms radiation and convection cells. Also, include the full influence of these two terms on global wind movement. Example response: Energy from the sun reaches the Earth in the form of radiation. Some of this radiation reaches the surface of the Earth and heats the air. The heated, less dense, low pressure air rises and is replaced by cooler, denser and higherpressure air. The movement of the cooler and warmer air form cycles at the points of high and low pressure latitudes. This cycling is known as a convection cell. Energy from the sun provides the heat to heat the air and allows for the movement of this air via convection cells. Source:

7 Task 6 How Can You Explain This? The Great Pacific Garbage Patch In the 1990s scientists began to notice lots of plastic debris in ocean gyres around the world. Gyres are places in the middle of large, circular ocean currents. As scientists began to investigate this phenomenon, they found an exceptionally large area of plastic debris in the North Pacific Gyre and called it the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. People around the world want to clean up the garbage patch. In order to do this, they need to know more about how the garbage patch formed. Low Concentration of Plastic High Concentration of Plastic Concentration of Plastic Light purple shows areas of lowest concentration of plastics. There is not much. Dark Red are areas of highest concentrations of plastics. There is a lot. 1. Look at the colors in the Northern Pacific. Describe the pattern of where you see the most plastic in the Northern Pacific.

8 (Task 6 continued) 2. The water currents in the North Pacific Gyre move in a circular, clockwise pattern. Draw a scientific model of how this happens and be sure to include each of these in the model: a. The Earth s rotation b. The Coriolis effect c. Differences in water temperature by latitude d. Density of water e. Convection currents Clearly label all model components. 3. Referring to parts of your model as evidence, explain why the highest concentration ends up where it does in the center of the Northern Pacific Gyre, according to the map.

9 (Task 6 continued) Plastics break down into smaller pieces when they are exposed to sunlight. This is called photodegradation. Small pieces of plastic can be eaten by sea life, causing large problems. 4. Thinking about the amount of solar radiation at different latitudes, explain how photodegradation would vary between the southern and northern parts of the North Pacific Gyre. Refer to the amount of solar radiation at different latitudes. 5. Based on your answer above, make a claim about whether tropical (southern) or temperate (northern) food webs are more at risk from plastics in the Garbage Patch.

How Do Oceans Affect Weather and Climate? In Learning Set 2, you explored how water heats up more slowly than land and also cools off more slowly than land. Weather is caused by events in the atmosphere.

Section 3 What Is Climate? Key Concept Earth s climate zones are caused by the distribution of heat around Earth s surface by wind and ocean currents. What You Will Learn Climate is the average weather

Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2015 Weather Radiation Convection Currents Winds Jet Streams Energy from the Sun reaches Earth as electromagnetic waves This energy fuels all life on Earth including the

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These 3 climate graphs and tables of data show average temperatures and precipitation for each month in Victoria, Winnipeg and Whitehorse: Figure 1.1 Month J F M A M J J A S O N D Year Precipitation 139

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Select the be answer on the answer sheet. Please do not make any marks on this te. 1. Weather is be defined as the A. changes that occur in cloud formations from day to day. B. amount of rain or snow that

58 The Causes of Climate R E A D I N G Climates are described by the same conditions used to describe weather, such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. You now know that oceans have an important effect

The Oceans Role in Climate Martin H. Visbeck A Numerical Portrait of the Oceans The oceans of the world cover nearly seventy percent of its surface. The largest is the Pacific, which contains fifty percent

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Lab Activity on Global Wind Patterns 2002 Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Chico * Objectives When you have completed this lab you should

Ocean in Motion 2: What Causes Ocean Currents and How Do We Measure Them? A. Overview 1. The Ocean in Motion -- Circulation In this program, students will learn about the driving forces responsible for

LESSON 2: GLOBAL AIR CIRCULATION Key Concepts In this lesson we will focus on summarising what you need to know about: The mechanics present to create global wind and pressure belts as a response to the

Solar energy and the Earth s seasons Name: Tilt of the Earth s axis and the seasons We now understand that the tilt of Earth s axis makes it possible for different parts of the Earth to experience different

Climate and Climate Change Name Date Class Climate and Climate Change Guided Reading and Study What Causes Climate? This section describes factors that determine climate, or the average weather conditions

Convection and Wind Levels Overview: During this project, students observe convection current by performing a lab experiment. As a result of this activity, students develop an understanding of the process

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Weather can have a big impact on our day-to-day lives. On longer timescales, climate influences where and how people live and the lifecycles of plants and animals. Evidence shows us that our climate is

Air Masses and Fronts Air Masses The weather of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains is dominated by large masses of air that travel south from the wide expanses of land in Canada, and north from

Understanding weather and climate Weather can have a big impact on our day-to-day lives. On longer timescales, climate influences where and how people live and the lifecycles of plants and animals. Evidence

reflect Have you ever jumped in a puddle or played in the rain? If so, you know you can get very wet. What you may not know is that a dinosaur could have walked through that same water millions of years

CHAPTER 2 Energy and Earth This chapter is concerned with the nature of energy and how it interacts with Earth. At this stage we are looking at energy in an abstract form though relate it to how it affect

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1. The map below shows high-pressure and low-pressure weather systems in the United States. 6. Which map correctly shows the wind directions of the highpressure and low-pressure systems? 1) 2) Which two

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Climate Models: Uncertainties due to Clouds Joel Norris Assistant Professor of Climate and Atmospheric Sciences Scripps Institution of Oceanography Global mean radiative forcing of the climate system for

9 Heating and Cooling Introduction to Chapter 27 What process does a hot cup of coffee undergo as it cools? How does your bedroom become warm during the winter? How does the cooling system of a car work?

Name: Class: Date: Storms Short Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A(n) thunderstorm forms because of unequal heating

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