The purpose of this paper is to analyze the labor market for artists and in the
creative industries more broadly: How important is a formal education for jobs
in the creative industries? How are the careers of people with a creative
education? Do they work in the creative industries or outside the creative
industries? How is the profile of the jobs within the creative industries?
Alper and Wassall (2006) present an overview of the economic, mainly
empirical research concerning the labor market of artists. Different types of
studies can be distinguished: theoretical models of artistic career processes,
qualitative interviews and data, retrospective surveys and panel data based on
surveys (either true panel studies or quasi panel studies).
Some of the most extended studies on artists’ earnings are done by Alper
and Wassall on American census data, where data comes from peoples selfreporting
in surveys, and peoples’ occupation is based on time spent at work
during a single reference week. This do obvious have some drawbacks. Register
data from Statistics Denmark representing true panel data, makes it possible to
overcome some of these problems and gain new knowledge on the career
patterns of artists, their income, the importance of education, multiple jobholding
etc. The register data used in this paper includes a lot of variables on
socio-economy, income, employment etc. for the Danish population in the
period 1994-2003. The paper includes a discussion and delimitation of artist and
the creative industries, and presents new empirical results on the labor market for artists and in the creative industries

We consider the economic implications of a compressed wage structure
which is exogenously determined by institutions. An important
feature of our analysis is that human capital is endogenous and can
be achieved either as formal education or as informal training within
firms after entering the labour market. While institutional wage compression
decreases the incentives of individuals to become educated, it
increases the incentives of firms to invest in training. As a result, the
net effects of wage compression on the aggregate human capital level
and GDP are ambiguous. Moreover, with wage compression, a skillbiased
technological change may cause wage inequality to decrease.
Keywords: Wage compression, training, education, inequality, institutions,
skill-biased technological change.
JEL: I21, J31, J5, O33.

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We examine the impact of discrimination on labour market performance when workers are subject to a risk of losing skills during an unemployment experience. Within a search and matching framework, we show that both natives and immigrants are affected by discrimination. Discrimination in one sector has positive spill-overs, inducing employment to increase in the other sector and
the effect on labour market performance therefore depends on whether discrimination is present in only one sector or in both sectors. Discrimination may induce workers to train more or less than natives after having lost their skills, dependent upon which sector there is discrimination. Net output tends to the be most negatively affected by discrimination among high-skilled workers.

We examine the impact of discrimination on labour market performance when workers are subject to a risk of losing skills during the experience of unemployment. Within a search and matching model, we show that all natives and immigrants are affected by discrimination. Discrimination in one sector has positive spillovers, inducing employment increases in the other sector. Discrimination may induce immigrants to train more or less than natives, depending on the sector where it is present. Welfare tends to be most negatively affected by discrimination among highproductivity workers.

This paper studies labour market policy in a society where differently gifted individuals can invest in training to further increase their labour market productivity and where the government seeks both effiency and equity. Frictions in the matching process create unemployment and differently skilled workers face different unemployment risks. We show that in such an environment, training programmes that are targeted to the unemployed complement passive transfers (UI benefits), unlike a general training subsidy. Combining passive subsidies with a training subsidy conditioned on the individual being unemployed (for a while) - the typical Active Labour Market Programme - implies a favorable trade-off between equity and efficiency which encourages high spending on training.

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Abstract.
In Denmark, taxation of residential property returns varies considerably with the type of ownership and type of tenure in terms of the way income is calculated, the types of taxes applied and tax rates, which range from 0 % to above 60 %. Together with other housing subsidies this disparity in taxation contributes to the pronounced lack of tenure neutrality in the Danish housing market.
The paper illustrates how tax rules alone create distortions and imbalances in the housing and
residential property markets and discusses as well the magnitude of the imbalances. The method
used is the application of a set of return and user cost equations.
The tax aspects of the long-standing rather unequal treatment of private rental dwellings, social
rental dwellings, owner-occupied dwellings and private co-operative dwellings, which have drawn
decisive tracks in the markets, are discussed.
The lowering of the tax rate for the return of institutional pension savings to 15 % which came into effect in 2001 has created a substantial advantage for pension funds compared with private
investors with regard to investments in rental residential properties. The owner-occupiers’ user
costs and subsidization are shown to depend on their capital structure and to a large extent they
depend on whether the owners’ most obvious savings alternatives are either personal investments
with heavily taxed returns or institutional pension savings with lightly taxed returns.
Also private co-operative associations are tax exempted, and this fact in combination with the
prospects of improved legal conditions for raising loans to finance the individual apartments will
almost certainly lead to this form of tenure – as "tax free ownership" – capturing part of the
market for owner occupation.

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The objective of this paper is to explore the associations made in mass mediated
articulations of biotechnology. It serves as the basis for further analyses of mass
mediated controversies and the purpose is to establish a map of the landscape of
mass mediated articulation of biotechnology. Which kinds of genetic research
and technology are articulated in what way? What can be associated to what in
the mass mediation and when is it portrayed as controversial? In short this is a
study of associations in the news production that serves as a way of establishing
an empirical archive for further work. It is based on a relational ontology
inspired by French philosopher Bruno Latour, supplemented with the method of
content analysis developed within sociology of mass media. The aim is to study
the production of networks of articulation in mass media by looking at the
outcome (the articles), which they produce.

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A Cross-sector Study of Financial Service Companies and Manufacturing Companies

Sanden, Guro Refsum(Frederiksberg, 2015)

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Resume:

Situated at the intersection of sociolinguistics and international business and management studies, this
PhD project focuses on language management in two different industry sectors, namely the financial
service sector and the manufacturing sector. Employing a multiple case study design consisting of two
matched pair cases, the study examines the means by which language is managed, i.e. language
management tools, in the two financial service companies Nordea and Saxo Bank and the two
manufacturing companies Grundfos and ECCO. The contribution of the thesis lies in capturing the effect
of industry sectors on corporate language management – a level of analysis which has largely been
overlooked in previous research.
The findings indicate that industry sectors embody great explanatory power with regard to the
selection of language management tools at company level. The financial service companies and the
manufacturing companies were found to have three sector-level factors in common, though with
somewhat different outcomes. Economic geography increases the use of English for corporate level
functions in the two financial service companies owing to the companies’ presence in international
financial centres. On the other hand, in the two manufacturing companies, this factor increases the need
for multiple corporate languages and translation into the mother tongue spoken by the production
workers in the industrial locations where English language skills tend to be scarce. In manufacturing,
economic geography was also found to lead to the use of language intermediates as mediums of
communication. In all case companies, global integration increases cross-border communication and the
use of English for corporate level functions, which also increases selective recruitment of English-skilled
employees in both sectors. Industry speak is found to be closely related to company-specific language in
all case companies regardless of sector, and technological solutions are implemented in order to manage
large term databases in both sectors.

We consider a random utility extension of the fundamental Lucas (1978) equilibrium
asset pricing model. The resulting structural model leads naturally to a likelihood
function. We estimate the model using U.S. asset market data from 1871 to
2000, using both dividends and earnings as state variables. We find that current dividends
do not forecast future utility shocks, whereas current utility shocks do forecast
future dividends. The estimated structural model produces a sequence of predicted
utility shocks which provide better forecasts of future long-horizon stock market returns
than the classical dividend-price ratio.
KEYWORDS: Randomutility, asset pricing, maximumlikelihood, structuralmodel,
return predictability

Very little research – if any – has been done to find out what happens to leadership and working live when Chinese companies settle in Denmark. This paper argues that it is worth investigating this topic, as I assume that the numbers of Chinese companies locating themselves in Denmark will increase in the coming years. The aim of the paper is firstly to give an overview of the literature that deals with the development of Chinese companies going abroad, and it is shown that the direct outward investments of China is experiencing a rapid growth. Secondly I like to look at leadership and working lives in China, and the lesson learned from the literature is that leadership and working life in China is diverse and continuously evolving. But some trends may be identified like different institutional regimes and different types of companies. Thirdly I look at leadership and working life in Denmark, and I compare leadership and working life in the two countries showing that there are many differences. These differences may have an impact on the way Chinese companies handle their encounters with ‘strangers’ when they establish themselves abroad, but we do not know if this is happening. I conclude by outlining a way of how to empirically study the interaction between Chinese and Danish managers and employees working together in a Chinese company in Denmark.

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This paper aims at an exploration of leadership in the context of pervasive organizational control, in the
form of standardized measurement systems. Measurement practices are proliferating in contemporary
organizations, with ever more aspects of both organizational and private life being monitored and
measured (Clegg & Courpasson, 2006). These systems are generally seen as an important part of organizational
control regulating and shaping both actions of organizational members, and their own self-understanding or
identity (Alvesson & Willmott, 2002). The image of the iron cage of bureaucracy, where action is tightly
regulated, has in part been exchanged for the image of soft controls, regulating values and identities rather than
behaviors and actions. Kärreman and Alvesson (2004), however, point out how these two types of control might
work in tandem, constituting a strong regulating force.
In contrast to this literature that emphasize the constraints on individual agency, the leadership literature
emphasize the powers of leaders to influence and shape organizations and organizational processes
(Yukl,2002). Leadership is commonly associated with driving and facilitating change and development. Theories
of leadership emphasize (among other things) vision, personal engagement, interpersonal relationships, and ability
to empower subordinates.
How, then, can leaders exercise their agency and enable change when faced with systems generally seen as
regulating rather than facilitating agency? It is this paradox that we wish to explore in this paper. We take the
case of employee surveys, being a common practice in western organizations, that paradoxically constitute a
standardized system aiming at change and development, and explore how these are experienced and managed by
leaders in various organizations. We wish to analyze in terms of leadership how these standardized systems migh
on the one hand constrain leadership action, and on the other hand be utilized in change related initiatives, thereby
preserving leadership agency.

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Despite the last years’ efforts to innovate public education in Denmark the Danish public school
has remained hesitant to change, and relations with the surrounding world have remained in their
early stages. Using Michel Callon’s concept of translation our study sheds light on the social
processes that form the conditions of managing innovation among professionals. It shows how
managing innovation in practice is part of a complex network of social interaction and evolves as a
constant ‘translation’ aiming at enrolling opposing actors, and positioning oneself in relation to the
professional identities and positions that innovation put at risk. The analytical contribution of our
paper is to add comprehension to innovation management in the public sector as a process of
positioning innovation in relation to a variety of human and non-human actors as well as
professional identities. Innovation is shown to challenge the professional identities of the teachers
and school leaders, as the teachers experience that innovation is not recognized in standardized
tests and thereby jeopardizes their professional position. Onwards the paper outlines three
management strategies that evolve in the social processes of the translation of innovation and the
different management positions that these strategies entail.

As the body of Information Systems (IS) research on social media grows, it faces
increasing challenges of staying relevant to real world contexts. We analyze and
contrast research on social media in the e-government field and in IS research, by
reviewing and categorizing 63 studies published in key journal outlets, in order to
identify and complement research foci and gaps. We find that, in comparison with egovernment
social media research, IS studies tend to adopt an abstract view of the
individual user, focus on a monetary view of value added by social media, and overlook
the role of contextual factors. We thus propose an extended framework for mapping
social media research, by including a focus on the role of context and environment, and
identify a research agenda for future studies on social media-related phenomena
relevant to real world contexts.