In a New Latin Grammer, the alphabet is not including J, U, and W. In CD Beginners, the alpgabet is only not including the W. And in D'Ooge, no W or J. That is very confusing, and I was wondering what is the norm. I know that the anicent alphabet didn't use the J, and U; they were added in the Middle Ages.

It would be more accurate to say that the ancient Roman alphabet did not contain J or V â€” it had U, but it was often written as a V â€” really, the two were indistinguishable in orthography. 'j' is written for consonantal 'i', and 'v' is written for consonantal 'u'. "v" in Latin is pronounced as an English 'w'.