Federal Litigation

An action brought in court to enforce a particular right. The act or process of bringing a lawsuit in and of itself; a judicial contest; any dispute. When a person begins a civil lawsuit, the person enters into a process called litigation. Under the various rules of Civil Procedure that govern actions in state and federal courts, litigation involves a series of steps that may lead to a court trial and ultimately a resolution of the matter.

By: Margrete Stevens

Economics

On May 31, 1995, Companía del Desarrollo de Santa Elena, S.A. (CDSE), a company incorporated in Costa Rica and majority-owned by U.S. citizens, instituted ICSID arbitration proceedings against Costa Rica in respect of a dispute related to the expropriation by Costa Rica of a property owned by CDSE. The request was registered by the Secretary- General on March 22, 1996. The parties agreed that the Tribunal should consist of three arbitrators, one to be appointed by each p...

By: Martina Polasek

Economics

In its Decision on Jurisdiction of April 29, 2004, the Tribunal composed of Professor Prosper Weil (President), Professor Piero Bernardini and Mr. Daniel M. Price, rejected by a majority decision the objections to jurisdiction raised by the Respondent. The Claimant, a publishing enterprise established under the laws of Lithuania, submitted its dispute with Ukraine to ICSID under the 1994 Agreement between the Government of Ukraine and the Government of the Republic of Li...

By: Karl Heinz Bockstiegel

Economics

A. Introduction: 1. The Claimant, ?Tradex Hellas S.A.?, is a corporation established in and according to the laws of Greece, with its head office in Thessaloniki, Greece, and is referred to hereafter as ?Tradex?. -- 2. The Respondent is the Republic of Albania, duly represented by its Government in Tirana, Albania, and is referred to hereafter as ?Albania?. -- 3. After the Tribunal provisionally accepted to have jurisdiction in this case by the terms of its Decision date...

By: Thomas Saporito

Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. Section 552 as Amended by Public Law No. 104-231, the National Environmental Protection Center (NEPC) by and through its undersigned Executive Director, hereby submits a request under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) for information and documents regarding all of the abovecaptioned employment discrimination cases as described below: NEPC requests copies of any and all documents, investigative logs, phone records, files, notes, records, transcrip...

By: Robert Louis Stevenson

Excerpt: My Dear William Ernest Henley, We are all busy in this world building Towers of Babel; and the child of our imaginations is always a changeling when it comes from nurse. This is not only true in the greatest, as of wars and folios, but in the least also, like the trifling volume in your hand. Thus I began to write these papers with a definite end: I was to be the Advocates, not hope Diaboli, butjuventutis; I was to state temperately the beliefs of youth as oppos...

By: Jennifer K. Elsea

Excerpt: A recent Army report charging that U.S. Military Police and other personnel, including civilian contractor personnel, abused Iraqi prisoners held under the authority of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) has given rise to questions regarding the applicable law. The report was the result of an Army investigation initiated after a soldier turned over to military law enforcers photographs depicting U.S. military personnel subjecting Iraqi detainees to treatm...

By: Mary Cockle

OH stay thy dang'rous pen—nor seek to move, With the false pleadings of repentant love! Wake not again the retrospective sigh, Or the wild tear of trembling agony, Taught by THY hand in bitterness to flow From the FULL chalice of domestic woe! Can HE, who spurn'd affection's sacred chains, Who scorns all laws, and whom no fear restrains; Who, coldly vicious, whilst the nuptial flow'r Shed its chaste beauties o'er the bridal hour, Left its rich graces, blighted and forlor...

By: Dora Falconer

Excerpt: ?WOMAN is not uncompleted man, but diverse,? says Tennyson, and being diverse why should she not have her journal in which her divergent hopes, aims and opinions may have representation. Every eccentricity of belief, and every variety of bias in mankind allies itself with a printing?machine, and gets its singularities bruited about in type, but where is the printing ink champion of mankind?s better half? There has hitherto been no trumpet through which the conce...

By: Jennifer K. Elsea

Summary: Photographs depicting the apparent abuse of Iraqi detainees at the hands of U.S. military personnel at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq have resulted in numerous investigations, congressional hearings, and prosecutions, raising questions regarding the applicable law. The international law of armed conflict, in particular, those parts relating to belligerent occupation, applies in Iraq. The four Geneva Conventions of 1949 related to the treatment of prisoners of war (PO...

By: Philip M. Crane

Government Printing Office publication for the Federal Depository Library:

Excerpts: The Social Security Board was responsible for administration of the original Social Security Act except for parts 1, 2, 3, and 5 of Title V (which were administered by the Children?s Bureau, then in the Department of Labor); part 4 of Title V which increased the appropriations authorized for carrying out the Act of June 2, 1920 and Title VI which authorized grants to the States for public health work. The Social Security Board was transferred to the Federal Sec...

By: Fanny Burney D'Arblay

THE historian of human life finds less of difficulty and of intricacy to develop, in its accidents and adventures, than the investigator of the human heart in its feelings and its changes. In vain may Fortune wave her many-coloured banner, alternately regaling and dismaying, with hues that seem glowing with all the creation's felicities, or with tints that appear stained with ingredients of unmixt horrors; her most rapid vicissitudes, her most unassimilating eccentriciti...

By: Xenophon

THE APOLOGY OF SOCRATES: [1] Among the reminiscences of Socrates, none, as it seems to me, is more deserving of record than the counsel he took with himself [2] (after being cited to appear before the court), not only with regard to his defence, but also as to the ending of his life. Others have written on this theme, and all without exception have touched upon [3] the lofty style of the philosopher, [4] which may be taken as a proof that the language used by Socrates wa...

By: Jack Maskell

Summary: Because of the fear of possible terrorist attacks which could be directed at election facilities or voters in the States just prior to or during the elections in a presidential election year, attention has been directed at the possibility/authority to postpone, cancel or reschedule an election for federal office. The United States Constitution does not provide in express language any current authority for a federal official or institution to “postpone” an electi...

By: Robert K. Yin

Legal Reference Publication

Executive Summary: COSMOS Corporation and its subcontractor Westat were selected by the National Institute of Justice to conduct a National Evaluation of the Local Law Enforcement Block Grant (LLEBG) Program in 1997. Because the program was in its early stages, the evaluation questions were deliberately selected to cover the startup phases of the program: How were the program?s procedures implemented by the grantees, including mandated decision making such as the use of ...

By: Shay Bilchik

Legal Reference Publication

Excerpt: Gun violence in the United States has become an epidemic. From the Civil War to the present, 567,000 Americans have died in combat; but since 1920, over 1 million American civilians have been killed by firearms (Pacific Center, 1994). Among teenagers 15 to 19 years old, the problem of gun violence is particularly alarming: one of every four deaths is attributable to a firearm injury. What is causing this epidemic of violence, and how can we stop it? To better fo...

By: Environmental Protection Agency

Excerpt: (1) the revocation or suspension of a permit under sections 105(a) and (f) of the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (“MPRSA”), as amended, 33 U.S.C. § 1415(a) and (f); (2) the termination of an EPA-issued National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (“NPDES”) permit under Clean Water Act § 402(a), 33 U.S.C. § 1342(a), and 40 C.F.R. § 122.64(a); and (3) the termination of an EPA-issued permit, under Resource Conservation Recovery Act (“RCRA”) § ...

By: United States Department of the Treasury

Government Reference Publication

Foreword: When we unveiled the first National Money Laundering Strategy last year, we sent a clear signal that our approach toward this vital issue had changed fundamentally. The 1999 Strategy was premised on the idea that money laundering threatened not only the United States by facilitating drug trafficking, organized crime, international terrorism, and other crimes, but that it also posed a threat in and of itself, by tainting our financial institutions and underminin...