Cyclists ride by the Bay Bridge eastern span’s tower on the Alexander Zuckermann bicycle and pedestrian path on its first day of operation, Sept. 3, 2013. Transit officials are exploring the option of creating a bike path that spans the entire bridge, from Oakland to San Francisco.

Photo: Brant Ward / The Chronicle

Cyclists ride by the Bay Bridge eastern span’s tower on the...

Image 2 of 23

Caltrans has spent at least $3.8 million to fix deficiencies with railings on the Bay Bridge.

Photo: Justin Sullivan, Getty Images

Caltrans has spent at least $3.8 million to fix deficiencies with...

Image 3 of 23

Demolition of the easternmost portion of the old span has begun in order to install the bicycle path on the new Bay Bridge's eastern span, in Oakland, California, Sunday September 1, 2013.

Photo: Michael Short, Special To The Chronicle

Demolition of the easternmost portion of the old span has begun in...

Image 4 of 23

SAN FRANCISCO, CA - AUGUST 26: Workers make adjustements to a bike path next to the new Bay Bridge Self-Anchored Suspension (SAS) tower on August 26, 2013 in San Francisco, California. After nearly 12 years of construction and an estimated price tag of $6.4 billion, the new eastern span of the Bay Bridge is set to open on September 3. The bridge will be the world's tallest Self-Anchored Suspension (SAS) tower once completed. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)

Photo: Justin Sullivan, Getty Images

SAN FRANCISCO, CA - AUGUST 26: Workers make adjustements to a bike...

Image 5 of 23

The Bay Bridge Trail bike path connects the Bay Bridge's new eastern span to the Bay Trails system via the Emeryville Trail Head, in Oakland, California, Sunday September 1, 2013.

Photo: Michael Short, Special To The Chronicle

The Bay Bridge Trail bike path connects the Bay Bridge's new...

Image 6 of 23

Workers are seen on a section of the temporary bike path that is waiting to be installed on the new Eastern span of the Bay Bridge in Oakland, California, Sunday September 1, 2013.

Photo: Michael Short, Special To The Chronicle

Workers are seen on a section of the temporary bike path that is...

Image 7 of 23

Sections of the temporary bike path await install on the new eastern span of the Bay Bridge in Oakland, California, Sunday September 1, 2013.

Photo: Michael Short, Special To The Chronicle

Sections of the temporary bike path await install on the new...

Image 8 of 23

A construction worker carries material while building a section of the temporary bike path for the new Bay Bridge in San Francisco, Calif. on Thursday, Aug. 22, 2013. Caltrans will shut down the Bay Bridge for five days over the Labor Day weekend to connect the new eastern span to the East Bay and Yerba Buena Island.

Photo: Paul Chinn, The Chronicle

A construction worker carries material while building a section of...

Image 9 of 23

A section of the temporary bike path for the new Bay Bridge is hoisted onto the deck in San Francisco, Calif. on Thursday, Aug. 22, 2013. Caltrans will shut down the Bay Bridge for five days over the Labor Day weekend to connect the new eastern span to the East Bay and Yerba Buena Island and build a temporary bike and pedestrian lane before a permanent one is constructed in about two years.

The sons of Alex Zuckermann, Dave (left) and Ron (right) unveiled a sign for their late father Tuesday September 3, 2013. The Alexander Zuckermann bicycle and pedestrian path on the new eastern span of the Oakland Bay Bridge was opened Tuesday.

Picture taking was all the rage on the new path Tuesday September 3, 2013. The Alexander Zuckermann bicycle and pedestrian path on the new eastern span of the Oakland Bay Bridge was opened Tuesday.

Photo: Brant Ward / The Chronicle

Picture taking was all the rage on the new path Tuesday September...

Image 12 of 23

Cyclists were the first on the new path after a brief ceremony Tuesday September 3, 2013. The Alexander Zuckermann bicycle and pedestrian path on the new eastern span of the Oakland Bay Bridge was opened Tuesday.

Photo: Brant Ward / The Chronicle

Cyclists were the first on the new path after a brief ceremony...

Image 13 of 23

Cyclists and pedestrians share the wide path Tuesday September 3, 2013. The Alexander Zuckermann bicycle and pedestrian path on the new eastern span of the Oakland Bay Bridge was opened Tuesday.

Photo: Brant Ward / The Chronicle

Cyclists and pedestrians share the wide path Tuesday September 3,...

Image 14 of 23

A cyclist stopped to admire the view from near the suspension tower Tuesday September 3, 2013. The Alexander Zuckermann bicycle and pedestrian path on the new eastern span of the Oakland Bay Bridge was opened Tuesday.

Photo: Brant Ward, The Chronicle

A cyclist stopped to admire the view from near the suspension tower...

Image 15 of 23

The bicycle speed limit is posted on the new path Tuesday September 3, 2013. The Alexander Zuckermann bicycle and pedestrian path on the new eastern span of the Oakland Bay Bridge was opened Tuesday.

Photo: Brant Ward / The Chronicle

The bicycle speed limit is posted on the new path Tuesday September...

Image 16 of 23

Members of the Alex Zuckermann family (center) were some of the first to make the ride named after their father and grandfather Tuesday September 3, 2013. The Alexander Zuckermann bicycle and pedestrian path on the new eastern span of the Oakland Bay Bridge was opened Tuesday.

Photo: Brant Ward, The Chronicle

Members of the Alex Zuckermann family (center) were some of the...

Image 17 of 23

Cyclists enjoyed the downhill journey on their way back Tuesday September 3, 2013. The Alexander Zuckermann bicycle and pedestrian path on the new eastern span of the Oakland Bay Bridge was opened Tuesday.

Photo: Brant Ward, The Chronicle

Cyclists enjoyed the downhill journey on their way back Tuesday...

Image 18 of 23

The bike path that runs along the Southern edge of Eastern section of the new Bay Bridge in Oakland, Calif., on Friday Nov. 2, 2012. Plans are coming together for the access to the Bay Bridge bike path from the East Bay. However, the path won't go all the way to Yerba Buena/ Treasure Islands for at least a year because a chunk of the old bridge sits in the way.

Oakland Mayor Jean Quan enjoyed her ride on the new path Tuesday September 3, 2013. The Alexander Zuckermann bicycle and pedestrian path on the new eastern span of the Oakland Bay Bridge was opened Tuesday.

Design flaws, fabrication errors and snapped bolts dogged the construction of the still-incomplete bike path on the new Bay Bridge eastern span, leading to at least $3.8 million in cost overruns on its handrail system alone, Caltrans documents obtained by The Chronicle show.

The 2-mile-long, rail-lined path opened along with the new eastern span earlier this month and already has proved popular with bicyclists, walkers and runners, even though it stops short of its eventual terminus on Yerba Buena Island. The path will not be linked to the island until 2016, after the old eastern span is demolished.

Problems with the railings on either side of the path - particularly 29 gates interspersed along the route to allow emergency access from the roadway - were evident shortly after the fencing was installed in 2007 and early 2008, the Caltrans documents show. The agency says the problems have been fixed, with money that came from a contingency fund financed by toll payers, and that the path is safe to use.

"We took all necessary steps to ensure the safety and quality of the bike path," Caltrans spokesman Will Shuck said Wednesday. "It will be a treasure for generations."

Ominous sign

Although the $3.8 million constituted only a fraction of the hundreds of millions of dollars in cost overruns on the $6.4 billion bridge project, critics say it's troubling that the agency had to make extensive fixes on such a visible part of the span.

Caltrans has already had to re-engineer a pair of seismic stability structures on the bridge because contractors installed at least 32 faulty metal rods, and the integrity of hundreds of other vital rods and bolts has been called into question.

"It's symptomatic of a systemic problem," said Bob Bea, a professor emeritus with UC Berkeley and an expert on failure analysis of major structures. "The bridge and the bike path, they are complex elements - I think it's becoming clear that the required level of scrutiny and checking has been deficient."

Many of the problems with the bike path railing were signaled more than five years ago by a Caltrans inspector named Greg Roth, who documented them in a construction log to his supervisors. The Chronicle obtained the log under the state Public Records Act.

'Deficiencies' accepted

In one entry, dated in March 2008, Roth complained that although he had found several "deficiencies" with the railing, Caltrans was going to accept the work without ordering the contractor to make repairs.

The problems, he said, included emergency access gates on the north fence that didn't open properly, railing grills and grates that did not fit, and flawed parts used to anchor the fences on both sides of the path.

"Unfortunately," Roth wrote, Caltrans and residents of the state "have been put in the position to accept this item in the current, and in my opinion, unacceptable condition."

Caltrans had only belatedly determined that the 29 gates were badly designed, he concluded, leaving the state stuck with "an unacceptable system of hand railing."

The gates did not have the right kind of hardware to allow them to slide open and close properly, and many of its metal grates - smaller pieces used between longer pieces of fence - simply didn't fit or were installed improperly. Roth said he had multiple meetings with Caltrans' resident engineer, Kannu Balan, but in the end was told that the matter was considered a design flaw, so the contractor would not have to fix it.

"What do I know?" Roth asked rhetorically. "Unfortunately, I am just an inspector, and have communicated countless times to the hierarchy my professional thoughts and opinion."

'Total disregard' alleged

Roth said the bike path's contractor, Kiewit/FCI/Manson, and a subcontractor, Kwan Wo Ironworks Inc. of Hayward, "have displayed a total disregard to contractor compliance." The firms did not intend to fix the problems, so Caltrans was going to look to other contractors to design and install replacements, Roth indicated.

Officials with Kiewit - which, in addition to the bike path, built the bridge's skyway and the tower foundation - could not be reached for comment. The joint venture's local office phone has been disconnected.

Roth still works for Caltrans, said Shuck, who declined to make him available for comment. The spokesman said Balan was also unavailable for comment.

Caltrans ended up paying the eastern span's main contractor, American Bridge/Fluor, more than $3 million to make the fixes in 2011. But that was not the end of the problems.

In the process of making the repairs, crews discovered that tapered pieces of metal inserted where the rail posts were bolted down on the path were too thin.

The metal pieces, known as shims, were supposed to keep the rail upright. They tended to slide out of place, creating a safety hazard, according to Caltrans documents.

While replacing the shims, crews also found that many of the bolts holding down the rail had been incorrectly welded and had sheared off. The bolts were supposed to be able to move as steel segments of the bike path expanded and contracted, depending on the air temperature, but had been welded too tightly. About 200 ultimately were replaced.

Those problems cost a combined $780,000, the Caltrans documents show. The fixes were completed this year.

Learning lessons

Bea said the problems with the bike path point to larger issues that could arise on the bridge.

"This is not an isolated problem," Bea said, noting that tests on hundreds of suspect rods and bolts have yet to be completed. "We have seen it from the foundations to the current flurry of bolt and tendon problems - we should be catching these things much earlier, when they are much less expensive to fix."

Shuck said Caltrans has learned its lesson and will be more careful when it completes the bike path to Yerba Buena Island.

"It will be constructed," he said, "in accordance with design enhancements" that Caltrans has made.