Supposing that my intention in saying "Do good!" was actually "Do well (on your test)!", the sentence still parses correctly as "Do good (deeds)!"

I will attempt to think of more examples and update this if/when I do.

This seems related to a pun in some way, but I was unable to find information about it. (Without knowing the word to begin with, I find it very difficult to navigate wikipedia when looking for "pun-related" words. I.e. It took me forever to find tom swifty and paraprosdokian.)

Also, this question, in which the phrase "of all times" was used in the wrong way.
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ThursagenSep 16 '11 at 7:30

1

Do note that when someone uses "Do good" to say "Do well", that this is not in anyway incorrect grammatically, but only semantically(!).
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UnreasonSep 16 '11 at 9:42

@Unreason: isn't that begging the question? If "Play good" is ungrammatical, "Do good" is equally so; the fact that in another context it would be proper seems irrelevant. Or do you consider that a word is not misspelled if, by chance, the misspelling takes the form of another genuine word?
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TimLymingtonSep 16 '11 at 10:24

@TimLymington, if the word is misspelled in such a way that it takes form of another word, then indeed you may say that there are no spelling errors in the resulting sentence. If you know what was supposed to be written you may call it misspelling. The thing is that you need to know what was meant - and that is the matter of semantics. So, in fact I believe that in label this as primarily a matter of semantics (and only latter matter of grammar, syntax or spelling) I think I assume less of initial points as compared to calling it ungrammatical or misspelled (where you assume meaning).
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UnreasonSep 16 '11 at 11:52

These kinds of errors could be considered solecisms, but the pun-like element is an interesting twist.

Generally, puns are understood as intentional wordplay. Here, there's a tension between an inadvertent mistake, and an outcome which has a double-meaning, or can be understood as being as being a pun within a certain frame of reference.

Good link to solecism, it is certainly related to the issue. However, OP specifically wants figures that are grammatical, which disqualifies it.
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UnreasonSep 16 '11 at 9:47

@Unreason -- I think you're probably right, though I wasn't certain from the OP's question that grammatical correctness was assumed. I wasn't taking 'parsable' to mean it absolutely adhered to a strict grammar, only that it was understandable from within the framework of that grammar.
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jbelacquaSep 16 '11 at 16:58

The use of ‘good’ as an adverb meaning something like ‘in a satisfctory manner’ is no more than a non-standard dialect form. It is found in the comments of British football supporters who allegedly say ‘The boy done good.’