Study shows most of the world's top ten English-speaking websites offer little or no advice guidance on creating passwords less likely to be hacked

Leading internet brands including Amazon and Wikipedia are failing to support users with advice on how to securely protect their data, a study shows.

More than a decade after first examining the issue, research by the University of Plymouth has shown most of the top ten English-speaking websites offer little or no advice guidance on creating passwords that are less likely to be hacked.

Some still allow people to use the word ‘password’, while others will allow single-character passwords and basic words including a person’s surname or a repeat of their user identity.

Professor of Information Security Steve Furnell conducted the research, having carried out similar assessments in 2007, 2011 and 2014.

He said it was concerning that more than a decade after the issue was first highlighted companies were not doing more to aid consumers amid the increased threat of global cyber-attacks.

“We keep hearing that passwords are a thing of the past,” said Professor Furnell, Director of the University’s Centre for Security, Communications and Network Research (CSCAN). “But despite the prospect of new technologies coming into force, they are still the predominant protection people can use when setting up online accounts. With personal data now being guarded more closely than ever, providing clear and upfront guidance would seem a basic means through which to ensure users can be confident that the information they are providing is both safe and secure.”

The study, published in Computer Fraud and Security, examined the password practices of Google, Facebook, Wikipedia, Reddit, Yahoo, Amazon, Twitter, Instagram, Microsoft Live and Netflix.

It looked at whether users were provided with guidance when creating an account, changing their password or resetting a password, and how rigorously any guidelines were enforced.

The best provisions, taking into account permitted password length and other restrictions, were offered by Google, Microsoft Live and Yahoo which were also the top three sites when the last assessment was carried out in 2014.

The three least favourable sets of results were from Amazon, Reddit and Wikipedia, with Amazon’s password requirements remaining the most liberal, in line with the previous assessments.

In fact, the one area where there has been a notable improvement over the whole 11 years is the proportion of sites that prevent the word ‘password’ being used, but even now several still allow it.

The only other improvement has been in the number of sites offering some form of additional authentication (from three in 2011 to eight in 2018), but it is not something any of the websites assessed flag during the account sign-up process.

Professor Furnell added:

“With over ten years between the studies, it is somewhat disappointing to find that the overall story in 2018 remains largely similar to that of 2007. In the intervening years, much has continued to be written about the failings of passwords and the ways in which we use them, but little is being done to encourage or oblige us to follow the right path. The increased availability of two-step verification and two-factor authentication options is positive. But users arguably require more encouragement or obligation to use them otherwise, like passwords themselves, they will offer the potential for protection while falling short of doing so in practice.”

Five top tips to securing your passwords

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Longer and more diverse passwords (using upper and lowercase letters, numbers, punctuation symbols) are more resistant to being cracked by automated tools

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Avoid basing passwords on personal information that others know about you (or could get), or on dictionary words (which cracking tools test by default)

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Do not use the same password across multiple accounts and services, because the compromise of your password in one place would then put the others at risk

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If you need to write something down to help you remember, then try to write a (non-obvious) reminder or hint that means something to you, rather than the password itself, and store it in a safe place

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Give particular attention to the password that protects your email account – as this is where the password reset/recovery links for other services are typically sent

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