China's Midsize Banks Are Being Squeezed

A customer walks at an Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Ltd. branch at the Shanghai Free Trade Zone in Pudong district, in Shanghai, on Sept. 24. REUTERS/Carlos Barria Squeezed between cut-throat competition from online financing firms and rising funding costs, China's midsize banks are falling out of investors' favor as they increasingly lag behind the country's top five lenders.

While margins generated from lending have remained broadly stable at the larger banks, they have shrunk considerably for the second-tier lenders like China Everbright Bank and China Merchants Bank over the past six months, a Reuters data analysis shows.

And like some of their European peers, those smaller lenders are also lagging behind the big banks in terms of balance sheet strength, analysts say, a factor that is likely to be highlighted in the banking sector's third-quarter earnings.

"The divergence between big and medium or small-sized banks will increase, as the latter see higher fundraising risks due to their weaker capital base," said Fan Cheuk Wan, chief investment officer Asia Pacific in Credit Suisse's private banking and wealth management unit.

CCB is due to kick off the banking sector's third-quarter earnings season on Thursday.

Second-tier lenders, also known as joint stock banks, have, on average, a market capitalization of less than 300 billion yuan, significantly smaller than the big five lenders.

Chinese banks' net interest margins (NI Ms), or the gap between what the lenders pay out for deposits and rake in from loans, have come under pressure from aggressive competition from online financing firms such as e-commerce group Alibaba's Yuebao platform.

Top executives from six companies, including China Everbright Bank, and a representative from the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, watch a panel displaying share prices during their debut at the Hong Kong Stock Exchange on Dec. 20, 2013. REUTERS/Bobby Yip This is particularly a problem for smaller banks, which have to pay more to fund themselves as their regulatory capital ratio — a measure of balance sheet strength — is on average 1.5 percentage points weaker than that seen at the larger players.

"Net interest margins are likely to decline faster for smaller banks in China going forward, as they face rising costs of funding," said Vincent Chan, head of China research at Credit Suisse.

The average net interest margin for China's top five banks, has remained stable at around 2.6 percent over the last year.

In contrast, the next seven banks saw this key indicator of profitability drop to 1.86 percent in the second quarter from levels previously comparable to the big banks. The margins are seen falling further in the third-quarter.

"Online e-commerce is one area where the small- and mid-sized banks are a lot more flexible in partnering with a lot of the e-commerce retailers," said Tony Chu, who manages a portfolio for RS Investments, a fund with $24 billion of capital and positions in Chinese banks.

The big five banks also benefit from closer ties to the country's top state-owned companies, known as SOEs. Lending to these conglomerates is considered much safer because of implicit government guarantees.

"Large SOEs will emerge as winners and you want to be the bank that's lending to them, not the guys that are going to be driven out," said Matthew Smith, a banks analyst at Macquarie. Smith said he was positive about ICBC and CCB versus the smaller lenders since they count more large public companies among their clients.