One of the most notable examples was a takedown of Sino-Forest by Carson Block of Muddy Waters Research. The Toronto-listed Chinese firm eventually filed for bankruptcy after Block accused the company of fraud.

The Anonymous Analytics authors -- who remain anonymous -- have already targeted Qihoo 360, another mainland Chinese firm. Investors shrugged off those allegations, and the company's shares are up 10% this year.

Beijing has complained that short sellers have unfairly focused their efforts on Chinese companies.

Chinese youth check in to internet rehab

While the accusations against Tianhe could not be corroborated, they are serious in nature and could lead to criminal prosecutions if proven.

Anonymous Analytics claims that Tianhe told investors revenue was growing by more than 20% a year, while filing documents to Chinese regulators that showed significantly lower revenue and income.

"We have conducted months of due diligence, field research and analysis which show that Tianhe is a massive fraud and one of the largest stock market scams ever conceived,' the report says.

Tianhe made headlines earlier this year after questions were raised over connections between Joyce Wei, the daughter of the company's chairman, and banks that worked on the company's initial public offering.

Major shareholders, apart from chairman Qi Wei, include Morgan Stanley(MS) with nearly 9% and Investec with 5%, according to FactSet.