In recent years, Philip Morris International (PMI) launched a global rebranding strategy to expand the reach of Marlboro. Using a mixed-methods design, this study evaluated the appeal and influence of...

Many cigarette smoke-associated airway diseases involve alterations in mucin homeostasis. With the rationale that relevant tissue responses can be measured to evaluate the adverse health effects of to...

The congruency effect in distractor-interference tasks is typically smaller after incongruent trials than after congruent trials. Current views posit that this congruency sequence effect (CSE) reflect...

Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions

Patient Health Questionnaire

A self-administered version of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), a diagnostic tool containing modules on multiple mental health disorders including anxiety, alcohol, eating, and somatoform modules. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is designed specifically for mood/depression scoring each of the 9 DSM-IV criteria based on the mood module from the original PRIME-MD. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) scores 7 common anxiety symptoms.

The normal lack of the ability to produce an immunological response to autologous (self) antigens. A breakdown of self tolerance leads to autoimmune diseases. The ability to recognize the difference between self and non-self is the prime function of the immune system.

Electric Fish

Fishes which generate an electric discharge. The voltage of the discharge varies from weak to strong in various groups of fish. The ELECTRIC ORGAN and electroplax are of prime interest in this group. They occur in more than one family.

Macrophage-activating Factors

Factors secreted by stimulated lymphocytes that prime macrophages to become nonspecifically cytotoxic to tumors. They also modulate the expression of macrophage cell surface Ia antigens. One MAF is INTERFERON-GAMMA. Other factors antigenically distinct from IFN-gamma have also been identified.