Jaipur: Day two and Three of the ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival 2018 resonated with its characteristic intense energy. There was tremendous diversity in sessions, speakers, and themes, from the erudite to the effervescent.

The day’s highlights included many sessions relevant to the spirit of Republic Day including a discussion on Dr. Ambedkar and his Legacy, Swachh Bharat: Taking Responsibility for Change (Dettol Banega Swachh India) which debated social, economic and political perspectives on the implementation of the Clean India Mission; Hamid Karzai’s The Great Survivor which had a packed audience as the former President of Afghanistan shared his perspectives on his country and its relations with India; and Republic of Rhetoric: Free Speech in India; alongside many other voices, from the popular to the pedantic.

“Congratulations to India on their Republic Day,” former President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai exclaimed at the start of today’s session where he discussed his extraordinary life and legacy, and his gratitude to India for its key role in Afghanistan’s recovery and hope for the future. In conversation with Dalrymple, he spoke about the impact of the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan, recounting how after much difficulty getting back to his country, he, along with eleven others, walked for 36 hours to reach Kabul. He was shattered to see the state it was in. “Kabul was torn apart” in front of his eyes. The Taliban, Karzai said were an outcome of American involvement in Afghanistan and Pakistan, stating stated, “If you nurture vipers in your backyard you will be bitten!” For all the chaos and violence, Karzai has faith in the unity of the Afghani people. “The future of Afghanistan will be good because the people want it to be good.”

Michael Rezendes, Pulitzer Awardee for his investigative work as a member of The Boston Globe’s legendary Spotlight team, observed the importance of a free press in maintaining democracy: “Investigative journalism is essential to democracy. The job of a journalist is to always question authority. Don't take anyone's word for anything. Investigative journalism is expensive. It is important that people keep supporting big news organizations."

Anurag Kashyap paid homage to the role of cinema in social change, saying, “I credit the daring of earlier filmmakers, and am grateful to the upcoming generation, who will in their turn contribute to positive change through cinema. Creating change is like felling a Banyan tree little by little, with small blows, until it finally falls.”

Film-maker Vishal Bhardwaj ruminated on the challenges of adapting Shakespearean plays into film and in another freewheeling session, delved with the audience into a personal journey on the memory of love, denial and self discovery in a candid conversation with Sukrita Paul Kumar, famous translator and critic. The audience got a firsthand glimpse into the mind of the genius who apart from being a music composer, director and singer recently launched his maiden book on poetry named Nude.

Focusing on the indefatigable vigour of our national languages were sessions such as Choices: The Private and the Public, featuring the prolific Odia writer Paramita Satapathy and Sahitya ki Parampara, Samaaj ki Sanskriti, reinforcing the Festival’s inclusive stance. Manto: The Man and the Legend with Nandita Das and Nawazuddin Siddiqui drew huge crowds and vocal audience participation.

Analysing the vast paradoxes of contemporary India were sessions including Dreamers Looking at Young India, featuring feisty speakers like Snigdha Poonam in conversation with Akhil Katyal, Gaurav Solanki, Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar, Prashant Jha, Prayaag Akbar and Gurmehar Kaur. Kaur recalled, “When I found my grandmother’s old expired passport, I remember being a child [and] I was so angry to know that I am living with a woman from Pakistan. Don’t we all grow up with an image of the neighboring country being the enemy? One of the first lessons I learnt – there’s nothing wrong if you belong to that country. Over years I’ve realized that it’s not a religion or a country that is the enemy, it is the violence that we have within us”.

The ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival 2018 saw the fourth Ojas Art Award being presented to Anwar Chitrakar in the Master Category and his nephew Uttam Chitrakar in the Protégée Category, both of whom are Pattachitra artists from Bengal. The award was presented by eminent historian B.N. Goswamy, who, quoting Mirza Ghalib’s verse, likened the lucid and unwavering movement of the awardees’ brush to the motion of angels’ wings. Festival producer Sanjoy K. Roy spoke of the lack of institutional recognition and documentation of the art forms the production of which employs millions of families.

In Visible Work: Invisible Women, important questions around women within the workforce were raised, including how to make workplaces more inclusive.

China was in the spotlight with The Day of the Dragon: China and the Future of Asia, and reportage of conflict and war in The Frontline Club saw leading international war correspondents demystifying this fascinating career of chance and risk-taking.

At The Music Stage, literature joined hands with music, as audiences thrilled to the haunting tunes of Real Sugar featuring Paban Das Baul and Sam Mills, and Shilpa Rao and Talvin Singh. As part of the Heritage Evenings, Hawa Mahal hosted the worldwide premiere of The Troth: Usne Kaha Tha, a dance and music performance of a tale of love and loss, narrated through accompanying multimedia by UK-based Akedemi.

The third day of the ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival began with appearances by some of the bestselling women writers on the planet. Julia Donaldson is the fourth best-selling British authors of all time; Helen Fielding’s Bridget Jones books and their film adaptations have been international success, and Amy Tan is an iconic figure to Asian American population.

Folk tales formed the basis of many of Julia Donaldson’s works, including The Gruffalo, revealed the talented writer. It had been no mean task to come up with and develop the idea of The Gruffalo, she said; she had gone through pages after pages of scribbles in order to craft them into a coherent narrative. For the development of the Gruffalo’s physical characteristics, Donaldson had made lists of descriptive words and sieved out those that had rhymed. In her journey to make reading magical for children, she had tried hard to avoid repetition and find musicality in her words.

In Bridget Jones’ Diaries, reading an excerpt from her book, author Helen Fielding said, “being a woman is worse than being a farmer”. She reflected with wry humour on the amount of effort that went into becoming pretty and “dateable”. She emphasized that society was full of oppressive stories of women that needed to be written and said out loud.

The Joy Luck Club saw Amy Tan agreeing with the fact that imagery was important and the current book she was writing had actually come to her in a dream which hadn’t been the case for her breakthrough novel The Joy Luck Club. That modern classic had arisen out of a necessity to address her relationship with memory and identity.

Festival Co-Director William Dalrymple aptly describing travel writing as “the oldest form of literature”. Be it the wanderings of the Pandava brothers in the Mahabharata or chronicles by post-modern writers, travel writing has taken many forms over the years. The Travel Session saw seasoned writers including Hugh Thomson, Pico Iyer, Raja Shehadeh, Redmond O’Hanlon, Bee Rowlatt, and Robert Dessaix relating their unique experiences about what travel had come to mean to them

Young adult fiction writer, the famed Anthony Horowitz, in conversation with Paro Anand recalled the sudden feeling of a ‘lightbulb moment’ when he came up with the idea for his breakthrough novel Stormbreaker. Now a star author, he commented, “The modern writer has to be able to perform. Almost like being a stand-up comedian except that you always end up telling the same jokes.”

At the AU Bank Samvad, Sheila Dikshit, the three time Chief Minister of New Delhi took the audience through her lifelong journey of being the only female politician in India to be part of a select, overwhelmingly male band, in the launch of her hit book Citizen Delhi: My Times, launched by Sanjoy K. Roy and Karan Thapar.

A world where people die because of poisonous air, polluted water and chemical-laden food isn’t science fiction anymore but the reality of our times. The ZEE Jaipur Literature Festival 2018 featured Jeffrey Gettleman, Pankaj Sekhsaria and Prerna Singh Bindra in conversation with Amita Baviskar analysing the chilling effects of climate change on our civilization in the session In Denial: Betrayals of the Earth.

Pulitzer- winner Jeffrey Gettleman, “guilty” about not covering environmental issues when he was reporting on the civil wars and conflicts in East Africa, said, “I realized that climate change is the issue of our time,” and added that “there is a cruel irony because the people who are suffering from the consequences of climate change are not responsible for causing it.” Gettleman regarded population as the “elephant in the room no one wants to address”. “A rapidly rising population means even more resources will be consumed and therefore, there will be even more contributors to carbon emissions.”

In The Future of New Writing, the Festival hosted a diverse panel of writers exploring forays into the new world. Indian poet and author Jeet Thayil observed that the novel is “constantly open to innovation” and “wraps itself around” anything you throw at it. “Even when people like V.S. Naipaul say the novel is dead, you shouldn’t believe it.” American novelist Joshua Ferris however disagreed and said: “I do think the novel is dying.” In his opinion, the novel has come under “extreme pressure”, especially since the election of Donald Trump as US President, because people now find “the most interesting novel” in the news.

In another noteworthy highlight of the Festival author and politician Shashi Tharoor commented in a talk with novelist Ashwin Sanghi, “If you’re not creative you shouldn’t be writing, particularly if you’re writing fiction. Creativity in non-fiction is another matter, as we are seeing in the textbooks of the state these days!”

In the session on Adaptations, and all-star panel of Mira Nair, Michael Ondaatje, Tom Stoppard, Amy Tan and Nicholas Shakespeare discussed the metamorphosis of the book to the screenplay and how in the latter, the writer has to accept that the director’s vision becomes paramount.

Acclaimed director of Shakespeare for the stage Dominic Dromgoole recalled touring a production of Hamlet around the world and the varied reactions it got. ‘For me, seeing the audience react to the play through their body language is part of the pleasure’.

In a packed final Bank of Baroda Front Lawn session, in conversation with Arundhathi Subramaniam, Shashi Tharoor explained the thought behind his latest work Why I Am A Hindu? For him, his faith was the perfect one for the 21st century as it had plurality and individual choice built into it, but allowed others to follow their own paths. It builds not just tolerance, but acceptance between peoples of different views.

Amidst many such thought-provoking, witty and wonderous discussions, the curtains fell on the third day of the charged Zee Jaipur Literature Festival.