Treatment with antibiotics borreliosis.

11 March, 2016

Some people refer to this phenomenon as the tick bite, quite nonchalantly.But if a little insight into the theme of the risk of infection from these bites, it can be concluded that there is something to worry about.The consequence of a walk along the forest trails could be a disease called Lyme disease.In children and adults, it can cause the same dangerous symptoms that without proper treatment can even lead to disability.

What is meant by the tick-borne Lyme disease?

Lyme borreliosis, also known as Lyme disease or Lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease.It is transmitted by the bite of ticks.The development of the disease leads to the defeat of various organs and systems.This may be the heart, nervous system, skin and joints.The name of this natural focal chronic infection picked up from the pathogen of the disease - Borrelia organism.This diagnosis was first established in 1975 by the inhabitants of the town of Lyme in the US.

If timely detect signs of borreliosis and begin treatment with a

ntibiotics, the chances of recovery are unproblematic are high enough.If diagnostics detect Lyme disease at a later stage and after that will be held illiterate therapy, Lyme disease may progress to chronic intractable.So do not treat lightly the tick bite.

Causes

tick (Lyme disease infects it is an insect) is a carrier of the three types of microorganisms that can be infectious agents.Those who wish to protect themselves from such a diagnosis is Lyme disease should be attentive to the bites of ticks that are infected while sucking the blood of animals with the infection.These ticks are most common in areas with temperate climates, especially in the territory occupied by mixed forests.As endemic areas where there is a danger of a dangerous bite, you can determine the central and western regions of Russia: Western Siberia, the Urals and the Far East.Pathogen borreliosis is also found on the territory of certain parts of Europe and the United States.

In late spring and early summer the most active mites.Borreliosis for this reason that in this period the maximum number of infected people.It is worth knowing, and that infections can enter the bloodstream through the bite of not only, but also during the break mite, which occurs due to improper removal.

There is also a chance to catch the disease through nutritional transmission.We are talking about the use of dairy products without prior heat treatment.Especially dangerous in this regard is the raw goat milk.This Lyme disease is not transmitted from one infected person to another.But if the tick bite a pregnant woman, the prenatal transmission of infection can lead to miscarriage, different congenital anomalies and even death of the baby.Therefore, those who are expecting a baby in the spring and summer is best to stay away from areas of potential contamination.

mechanism of the disease

As mentioned above, the very direct infection infection occurs only after a tick bite has been made.Lyme disease, or to be more precise, the microorganism pathogen enters the nearest lymph nodes and begins to multiply there.A few days later Borrelia get into the blood stream, and with it spread throughout the body.

The incubation period of the disease is 7 to 14 days after a tick bite.The consequence of the direct impact of Borrelia to the lymph nodes may become generalized lymphadenopathy.

As a result, the infection gets into the muscles, the central nervous system, joints, heart, and can stay there for a long time, continuing to multiply.And even despite the fact that the immune system produces antibodies actively to destroy hostile microorganisms completely get rid of the disease is not possible.Here lies another danger: the immune complexes, which led to the emergence of the pathogen borreliosis, are the cause of the launch of the autoimmune process.This means that the antibodies do not attack the virus and the body tissue, they must initially be protected.

Lyme Disease: Symptoms

development of infectious disease can be divided into several stages:

- The incubation period (time from infection to onset of symptoms).

- I stage.It begins at the moment when microorganisms are transferred to the process of reproduction in the lymph nodes.

- II stage.It corresponds to the phase when the Borrelia throughout the body along with the blood.

- III stage.It can be defined as a chronic.During this period, subjected to shock some concrete system (musculoskeletal or nervous).

I and stage II are considered the early period of the disease, and Stage III is defined as the late period.At the same time this separation is conditional, since a clear moment of transition between them.

first stage

Signs borreliosis at this stage are both local and general symptoms.As you can define common symptoms nausea, increased body temperature (38 ° C), headache, chills, malaise, aches and pain in the joints and muscles.In some cases the catarrhal phenomena: coughing, scratchy and sore throat, runny nose light.

As for the local symptoms, these symptoms are: the place where the bite was done, there is swelling, redness and itching is felt.Also, the formation of the annular erythema, which manifests itself in more than half bitten (70%).It has the form of dense red education, expanding for several days.From the form of erythema resembles red ring.In the very center it is a notable place where the bite was done: it is much paler.Round or oval redness can have a diameter of 10 to 60 mm.

As for discomfort, their annular erythema does not deliver.Only in rare cases, redness and itching bakes.The first stage can last from several days to several months.But in most cases it has to be observed an average of 30 days.

second stage

Expanding the topic: "Lyme borreliosis: Symptoms and Treatment", should pay attention to stage where the infection begins to damage the heart, skin, joints and nervous system.The duration of this step may also be several months.By the time this comes as the stage of the disease, symptoms of the first period, disappear.There have been documented cases where Ixodes tick-borne Lyme disease starts from the second stage without showing obscheinfektsionnogo syndrome and erythema ring.

nervous system at this point can be determined by the following features: destructive processes occur in the cranial nerves and spinal nerve roots (defined as radiculopathy).

also may develop serous meningitis, which is nothing more than an inflammation of the meninges.He manifests a heightened sensitivity to stimuli, moderate headache, photophobia, severe fatigue and muscle tension in the neck.Another symptom of meningitis can be insomnia.

Regarding the cranial nerves, the more likely the rest of the face is affected.The fact of destruction would indicate paralysis of facial muscles: mouth falls food, his eyes fully open, and his face looks noticeably distorted.Often fixed bilateral disease, in which the initially disrupted one side of the face and a few days or weeks later - the second.In addition to the personal, the destructive processes can relate to the auditory and optic nerves.This can be seen in the form of strabismus, hearing impairment, vision disorders and eye movement.

considering Lyme borreliosis, the consequences of which can be felt more than it is worth noting that the spinal nerve roots in the fact of destruction are felt palpable pain shoot through that in the limb is directed downward, and the trunk takes herpes character.

third stage

This period of development of the disease can occur even several years after the bite.At this stage the effects of Lyme disease has the following lines: atrophic acrodermatitis, nerve damage (encephalopathy, polyneuropathy and encephalomyelitis), chronic arthritis.

In most cases, affected one particular system: joints, nervous system and skin.But if you do not fight with the disease, in the process of development, it can lead to the defeat of the combined systems.

When the background of such infections as Ixodes tick-borne Lyme disease develop chronic arthritis, the devastating impact may be exerted on the large and small joints.Thus cartilage, probably begins to shrink, the joint will deforming processes in bone structure will develop osteoporosis.The process will involve the destruction of a stable and located next to the muscle fibers (chronic myositis).

nervous system in the third stage can manifest itself in different ways.Perhaps the development of paresthesia, increased or decreased sensitivity, the emergence of various pains and even paresis.It makes sense to expect mental disorders (memory, intelligence) and koordinatornyh functions (equilibrium).May also be affected and hearing.We should not exclude disorders of the pelvis and the appearance of epileptic seizures.It is worth noting that the majority of patients experience weakness, severe fatigue, and emotional disorders.

chronic form of Lyme disease

If you ignore the treatment of infection and allow unhindered work on the body, the tick-borne Lyme disease enters the chronic stage.In this form of the disease will be a steady deterioration of an undulating.If you select the most common clinical syndromes that develop in chronic borreliosis, it is worth paying attention to the following diseases:

- atrophic acrodermatitis;

- different forms of arthritis;

- damage to the nervous system involvement in the process of any of its agencies (the foci of destruction can be a lot);

- lymphocytoma.

Treatment

If Lyme borreliosis was suspected, the patient should be immediately admitted to the infectious diseases hospital.Especially if the child is injured.Lyme disease in children can lead to serious complications.And only with the participation of health professionals may conduct complex therapy, the aim of which is to destroy the pathogens of Lyme disease.It is worth remembering that without the full and timely treatment of Lyme disease can lead to disability.

This borreliosis Antibiotic treatment can be defined as the most effective method of exposure to harmful microorganisms.The good news is that in the case of suppressing the infection with antibacterial drugs still in the first stage has all the chances to avoid the development of cardiac and neurological complications arthrologic.

For this reason, treatment of borreliosis antibiotics should begin as soon as possible.

If we talk about the early stages of infection, it is worth noting that during this period of the disease is used to neutralize the drug "Amoxicillin".Such therapy lasts about 20-30 days.Actively used in the initial stage, and "tetracycline".If you do not act on erythema, then it can go through and within a month, but when we treat borreliosis antibiotics, the redness of the ring can go much earlier.

repeatedly proved its effectiveness and such a drug as "Doxycycline".It is most important for those patients who developed skin diseases (benign lymphoma, skin erythema migrans annular).

Those who have the second stage there were damage to the nervous system, prescribed penicillin.In the first stage it is effective when a fixed arthralgia and myalgia.The most topical antibiotic of cephalosporin group can define "Ceftriaxone".Its use is recommended in both early and late in neurological disorders.This drug is relevant for those patients on the background of Lyme disease has developed a high degree of artrioventikulyarnoy blockade or were arthritis, including chronic.

In general, treatment of borreliosis antibiotics has proved very best.

Preventive measures

Lyme disease is diagnosed too serious for it to be ignored.Therefore, if possible, the best option is to avoid contamination and prevent the unpleasant process of serious effects of infection on the body.

borreliosis Prevention involves staying in areas where ticks can live in closed shoes and clothing that completely covers the body (long pants, trousers with puff sleeves with cuffs).It is advisable to use repellents, scare can ticks.

If so happened that a tick gets on your skin, and had time to be absorbed, it is necessary to immediately visit the infectious department of the nearest hospital.They take blood for Lyme disease and establish whether there has been contamination.Analyzes, without delay - is a necessary measure, which can not be ignored.Otherwise, it will be faced with very serious symptoms.Therefore, we must immediately use the recommended medicines.Preventing borreliosis will be effective if the bite for 5 days, take 2 tablets of the drug "Doxycycline" a day.

Obviously, Lyme disease, with all its destructive potential can be defeated without any complications if infected quickly seek help from doctors and will follow their recommendations.

Thus, we examined Lyme borreliosis, symptoms and treatment of the infection and possible preventive measures.Pay attention to your health!