Inverse mapping theorem & local inverses

1) For each of the following transformations (u,v) = f(x,y), (i) compute det Df, (ii) find formulas for the local inverses of f when they exist.
a) u=x^2, v=y/x
b) u=(e^x) cos y, v=(e^x) sin y

I got part (i) easily, but I don't understand part (iii) at all.

Here are the answers from the solutions manual:
For 1a)(iii), the answer is f^-1 (u,v) = (sqrt u, v (sqrt u) )
For 1b)(iii), the answer is
x= ln(u^2 + v^2) / 2
y is given up to multiples of 2pi by arctan(v/u) when u>0, pi/2 - arctan(u/v) when v>0, pi + arctan(v/u) when u<0, 3pi/2 - arctan(u/v) when v<0

But they didn't show any of the steps, nor do they show me how they arrive at the answers. Can someone please explain this part? How exactly can I find the formula for the local inverse? I am terribly confused...

But they didn't show any of the steps, nor do they show me how they arrive at the answers. Can someone please explain this part? How exactly can I find the formula for the local inverse? I am terribly confused...

The first one should be fairly easy. In the second one what you need to do is eliminate x so that you can solve for y in terms of u and v only and then eliminate y so that you can solve for x in terms of u and v only.

If you're stuck on solving for x and y, then just consider u^2 + v^2 and u/v.

1a)(iii) Solving for x and y, I get x=+/-u, y=+/-vu, but the answer says that f^-1 (u,v) = (sqrt u, v (sqrt u) ), they only take the positive signs, this is what I don't understand...

A function does not have two values! Since you say you got part i easily, I presume you showed that there is a local inverse as long as x is not 0. You can guarantee a local inverse by restricting x to be positive or negative. If you restrict x to be positive, the "local" inverse function is [itex]x= \sqrt{u}[/itex], [itex]y= v\sqrt{u}[/itex]. If you restrict x to be negative, the "local" inverse function is [itex]x= -\sqrt{u}[/itex], [itex]y= -v\sqrt{u}[/itex]. Each part has a unique inverse function- you can't write them together.

A function does not have two values! Since you say you got part i easily, I presume you showed that there is a local inverse as long as x is not 0. You can guarantee a local inverse by restricting x to be positive or negative. If you restrict x to be positive, the "local" inverse function is [itex]x= \sqrt{u}[/itex], [itex]y= v\sqrt{u}[/itex]. If you restrict x to be negative, the "local" inverse function is [itex]x= -\sqrt{u}[/itex], [itex]y= -v\sqrt{u}[/itex]. Each part has a unique inverse function- you can't write them together.

Yes, I showed that there is a local inverse as long as x is not 0

So now there are two answers to (iii) [itex]x= \sqrt{u}[/itex], [itex]y= v\sqrt{u}[/itex] and [itex]x= -\sqrt{u}[/itex], [itex]y= -v\sqrt{u}[/itex].
Now how can I decide which one to take? If I just take one of them, would it still be a complete answer? Which one is the correct answer that the question is actually looking for?

So now there are two answers to (iii) [itex]x= \sqrt{u}[/itex], [itex]y= v\sqrt{u}[/itex] and [itex]x= -\sqrt{u}[/itex], [itex]y= -v\sqrt{u}[/itex].
Now how can I decide which one to take? If I just take one of them, would it still be a complete answer? Which one is the correct answer that the question is actually looking for?

Can someone please explain this part? I really want to understand it...Thanks!