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The bubal hartebeest was described as uniformly sandy colored, save for "an ill-defined patch of greyish on each side of the muzzle above the nostrils" and the terminal tuft of the tail, which was black.[5] In this case the subspecies was similar to the plain colored Lelwel hartebeest, lacking white or black facial markings such as those present in the western hartebeest and Swayne's hartebeest. It measured 43 inches at the shoulder and the horns were 'U' shaped when seen from the front.

Like other hartebeests, the bubal was a social animal. Luis del Mármol Carvajal wrote that herds of 100 to 200 animals could be seen in northern Morocco in 1573. According to 19th century writers, the bubal hartebeest preferred rocky areas with a fair amount of vegetation, in contrast to the sandy and drier habitat of the Addax. Its main predator was the also extinct Barbary lion.[6]

The bubal hartebeest ranged originally across Africa north of the Sahara, from Morocco to Egypt, where it disappeared earlier.[7] It was also present with certainty in the Southern Levant prior to the Iron Age,[8] while Harper (1945) mentions "none too well substantiated" recent historical records from Israel and even Arabia. The northern limit of the bubal hartebeest's range was the Mediterranean coast; large herds were still reported existing in Morocco north of the Atlas Mountains in 1738. As for the southern limits of its distribution, "wild oxen (Antilope bubalis)" are mentioned living in the Tassili mountains of the central Sahara in 1850. However, the identity of these last animals is debatable. Even if they were indeed hartebeest, they might not belong to the northern subspecies.[9]

The subspecies declined sharply during the course of the 19th century, especially after the French conquest of Algeria, when entire herds were massacred at once by the colonial military. By 1867 it could only be found in the mountain ranges of north-western Africa that are near or within the Saharian desert. It disappeared from the Tunisian Atlas in 1870, and the last animal in this country was shot in 1902 near Tataouine. Outside of this instance, the bubal seems to have entered the 20th century restricted to the Western Atlas, from Boulemane in Morocco to the south of the Wahran department in Algeria. The last known herd, numbering only 15 animals, was located near Outat El Haj, Morocco in 1917; all but 3 of them were killed by the same hunter. The last animal in Morocco was shot in Missour in 1925. It probably disappeared around the same time in Algeria. One last specimen is mentioned as having been 'collected' in the 1920s near Geryville, south of the Chott Ech Chergui. While Harper, writing in 1945, considered that the subspecies could still possibly exist at the time in this area, he also mentioned that different campaigns in the 1920s and 1930s failed to find any animals in Morocco, Algeria or Tunisia, even in regions where it had been reported as numerous only a few decades before.[10]In addition, it was said by scientists that there may be a few left after being reported that someone in Morocco in 2013 thought to see this Hartebeest eating off a tree.

The bubal hartebeest was protected under the London Convention of 1933.[11]