Bronze Age Burials

Clontuskert is fortunate in that a number of burial mounds monuments, known as barrows,
cairns or tumuli, survive. This monument type, dating from around 2000 B.C., is a rich source
of information on past societies. A barrow is generally defined as a mound of earth, or earth
and stone, which is generally associated with burial. These monuments sometimes occur
in isolation, as in Ardranny, or in groups, such as the four on the eastern side of the parish,
two of which are in Somerset (one is shown here), one in Coolbeg and one in Barnaboy. Many of the Clontuskert
barrows are associated with water, or watery places. The building of such monuments may
be symbolically regarded as the creation of another world, a place to which the dead depart.

Somerset Hoard

In the mid 1950s, one of the greatest discoveries from the Irish Iron Age, the Somerset Hoard,
was found within the rich landscape of prehistoric monuments in Somerset townland.

A local
farmer, Mick Hanney, discovered a hoard of decorative objects as he tilled one of his fields. One
object, a torc, is made from gold and the remainder are of copper alloy. All were made in Ireland
during the first century A.D.

This collection is now housed in the National Museum.

Ringforts

A remarkable feature of Clontuskert is the number of its ringforts, over a hundred in all, with
which the landscape of the parish is studded. These structures may date from the middle of
the 2nd century A.D. to the middle of the 14th century A.D. although the majority of them were
constructed in the latter half of the 10th century. The Ringforts in Carrowmore are shown here. Ringforts are generally regarded as farmsteads built to provide security. They were constructed on raised areas, usually on the summit of
a small hill, enclosed by a bank, and containing one or more simple houses.

The Old Abbey

The Augustinian Priory of St. Mary, known locally as the 'Old Abbey', represents Clontuskert's
main claim to fame. It was reputedly built on the site of St. Baetan's earlier Celtic monastery.
The building of the Priory, founded by the Canons Regular of St. Augustine, was begun in the
late 1100s.

It survived as a monastic settlement until the early part of the 17th century, having
undergone several reconstructions and additions during those years.

Somerset House

Somerset House (shown here in 1875) was the home of the Seymour family until 1945. The Seymours originated
in Wiltshire, England and settled in Clontuskert in the early 1700s, at which time they were
given a grant of land by the Eyre family in payment for their services as officers during the
Cromwellian campaign.

A member of the English branch of the family, Lady Jane Seymour, was Queen of England from 1536 to 1537 as the third wife of King Henry VIII. She succeeded Anne Boleyn in May 1536 as queen consort following the latter's execution for high treason, incest and adultery. She died of postnatal complications less than two weeks after the birth of her only child, a son who reigned as Edward VI. She was the only one of Henry's wives to receive a queen's funeral, and his only consort to be buried beside him in St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. She was the only consort of Henry VIII to have a male heir to survive infancy.

Battle of Aughrim

A very considerable portion of the battlefield of Aughrim lies east of the Melehan river in the
parish of Clontuskert. The Williamite troops were situated on that side of the river until the
late afternoon of the day of battle, at which time they launched a major offensive along a wide
front stretching from Attibrassil Bridge to the village of Aughrim. Ginkel, the Williamite general,
commanded a panoramic view of the battlefield from the heights of Urraghry hill across the
lower ground toward the slopes of Aughrim.

The Grand Canal

In the early years of the 19th century, the Shannon Harbour to Ballinasloe section of the Grand
Canal was cut through the eastern side of the parish where it runs almost parallel to the river
Suck. The outline of its route is still clearly visible, despite the fact that it is no longer in use
and that vegetation thrives in its dried-out channel.

The remains of the bridge over the canal at
Lismanny (shown here)and the aqueduct which carried the canal over Ballinure River, are impressive relics
of its former glory.

Churches

Clontuskert is one of the oldest parishes in the diocese of Clonfert. There are two churches in the parish - St. Augustine's Roman Catholic Church at Crossconnell (shown here on top) and St. Matthew's Church of Ireland at Glenloughaun (shown below).

Both churches were built in the early years of the nineteenth century, having in common two beautiful stained glass windows donated by a Church of Ireland parishioner, James Barr of Rossgloss House.

St. Matthew's lies in a delightful rural setting beside a quiet road, which runs along an east-west esker.

St Augustine's is situated about two miles away on land given by the McDermott family of Ramore, Killimor.

Pollok of Lismanny

In 1854, Alan Pollok, a Scottish entrepreneur arrived and built a fine residence at Lismanny (shown here) from which he oversaw the operation of the 29,000 acre farming enterprise which he had recently purchased.

He quickly established one of the most advanced commercial farms in the Europe of that time. Initially, his enterprise flourished but in the early years of the 20th century, decline set in and the Pollok family left the area for good.

Very little now remains of the Pollok mansion or of the magnificent farmyard at Gannaveen.

Kirwan's Lodge

About three kilometres from the edge of the Aughrim battlefield are the remains of Kirwan's Lodge in the townland of Tristaun. The site of Kirwan's Lodge is shown here. Annette Kirwan was born and rearedin the Lodge. In 1879, she married Sir Edward Carson, the leader of the Irish Unionist Alliance and the Ulster Unionist Party from 1910 to 1922. He was one of the few people not a monarch to receive a British state funeral.

Historian John Brown says that "His larger than life-size statue, erected in his own lifetime in front of the Northern Ireland parliament at Stormont Castle in Belfast, symbolizes the widely held perception that Northern Ireland is Carson's creation.

Annette died at the early age of thirty-four. Her husband survived until 1935.

Gortnamona House

Gortnamona House is a beautiful Georgian house set in its own parkland and made famous nationally by Percy French's song, The Woods of Gortnamona. A succession of families have lived in this place: Archdeacons, Burkes, Blakes, Cowans, Brennans, Lynams and
Salmons. Percy French was a close friend of Edward Lynam and was a frequent visitor to Gortnamona.

During one of these visits to the house shown here, he wrote The Woods of Gortnamona, a lyric in which he expressed his feelings of deep loss after the death of his beloved wife in 1891.

Education Through the Years

Prior to the early days of the nineteenth century, many of the children of Clontuskert were educated in the hedge schools situated around the parish. Some of these were located at Liskelly, Gannaveen, Crossconnell and Glenloughaun.

The schools in Glenloughaun (on top) and Chapelpark (at bottom) provided a more formal education.

Lord Clancarty established the former, beside the gate of St. Matthew's Church in 1819.
The building of the latter commenced in 1835 and it continued as a school until the opening of the new school in 1958.

The new school is called St Augustine's and it serves as a repository for the safe storage of much of the group's material. The archive of the group's material is in a section of a special room in the school. A suitable storage cabinet was designed and constructed. Anyone wishing to access these records is allowed to do so, once they have made a suitable appointment with the school's Principal.

Hurney's Replica Forge

Paddy Hurney was a blacksmith in Tristaun. His passion was to preserve for future generations many of the old traditions and the rich folklore of Clontuskert. In order to make his findings more immediately accessible to the people of the parish, he commissioned a set of videos on the rural way of life and built a replica forge, as well as a thatched Irish cottage, across the road from his smithy.