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Abstract

Many pyrromethene (PM) dyes have been shown to outperform established rhodamine dyes in terms of laser efficiency in the green-yellow spectral region, but their rapid photochemical degradation in commonly used ethanol or methanol solvents continues to limit its use in high average power liquid dye lasers. A comparative study on narrowband laser efficiency and photostability of commercially available PM567 and PM597 dyes, using nonpolar n-heptane and 1,4-dioxane and polar ethanol solvents, was carried out by a constructed pulsed dye laser, pumped by the second harmonic (532 nm) radiation of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Interestingly, both nonpolar solvents showed a significantly higher laser photostability (∼100 times) as well as peak efficiency (∼5%) of these PM dyes in comparison to ethanol. The different photostability of the PM dyes was rationalized by determining their triplet-state spectra and capability to generate reactive singlet oxygen (O21) by energy transfer to dissolved oxygen in these solvents using pulse radiolysis. Heptane is identified as a promising solvent for these PM dyes for use in high average power dye lasers, pumped by copper vapor lasers or diode-pumped solid-state green lasers.

References

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a Error: ±0.2nm.b Extinction coefficients at respective λmax.c Error: ±0.3nm.d Fluorescence of the dyes was measured at the excitation wavelength 505 nm of PM567 and 515 nm of PM597.e Error: ±0.05ns.f These data are taken from [15] and [16].g Values of kr and knr were calculated using the following equations: kr=Φfl/τfl, knr=(1−Φfl)/τfl, assuming that the emitting state is produced with unit quantum efficiency.

Table 2.

Lasing Properties of the BODIPY Dyes PM567 and PM597 in Ethanol, 1,4-Dioxane, and Heptane

a Error: ±0.2nm.b Extinction coefficients at respective λmax.c Error: ±0.3nm.d Fluorescence of the dyes was measured at the excitation wavelength 505 nm of PM567 and 515 nm of PM597.e Error: ±0.05ns.f These data are taken from [15] and [16].g Values of kr and knr were calculated using the following equations: kr=Φfl/τfl, knr=(1−Φfl)/τfl, assuming that the emitting state is produced with unit quantum efficiency.

Table 2.

Lasing Properties of the BODIPY Dyes PM567 and PM597 in Ethanol, 1,4-Dioxane, and Heptane