Step 2 - Format:Please submit all audio to the NCRA in the following format

MP3320 Consistent Bite Rate44.1 MHZ

Note all musical selections must comply with CRTC and SOCAN requirementsNote that all music must be copyright free if the end intent is to place that completed file on the NCRA website for download, Pond5 has a "Public Domain Project" that offers content which complies, so you may use music from here.

Step 3 - Audio Quality:It is extremely important that the completed audio be of broadcast quality. Below are expectations of audio quality, and some examples of what to avoid.

Here is an example of almost perfect audio: (Visually). You can download a copy of this clip here and load it into your audio editor if you wish to listen.Reasons: No clipping, light compression, sound levels are relatively flat but still have range of dynamics for the voice, background music not overpowering, minimal/no background noise/hiss, smooth and clean transitions, good spacing, not rushed.

Bad/Inconsistant Levels (Example #1)Reason - Levels are not uniform, when listening there will be sharp distinction between segments and will cause people to turn up or down their radio.

Solution - For Example #1, the best way to fix this is during a mix-down with multi-track editing, to make sure that all channels are essentially the same levels. If using a single wave for editing, the quiet part can be turned up and/or add compression to match the remaining parts. This would result in a solution that looks like this:

This was solved by using compression and normalization to increase the levels to be consistent.

We can see the example below also has issues as some sections are too quiet, others too loud. For sections like this, it is easiest to use the amplify/gain function in an editor to boost the quiet parts (Example #3)

Bar Compression IssueIn the case below, we can see that there has been excessive compression used when mixing the files together in a multi-track format before applying compression.Solution - When using multi-track, you should do your best to make sure a) that the levels are being recorded with headroom and no clipping and b) that you should only apply compression after you have mixed any multi-track files into one.

Too QuietIf files are too quiet, you will be unable to hear them on the radio. (Example #1)Solution - Use Amplify, normalize and compression when required. A good rule of thumb is that all files should look (on average) to peak between -0.3db and -0.9db. Some can be louder (but not over 0db) and others can be quieter, but in general you should be able to tell by looking at it if it will be too quiet or not.

No CompressionCompression is like squeezing clothing into a box, sometimes you waste space and are not utilizing all of the room you have, other times you put too much in, things get damaged or crushed. With an example below, there would be often louder peaks that are outside the audio recording range (i.e. sticking out of the box) and other times where there is room.

Solution:Adding some light compression will assist in making things more uniform, BUT not making it sound like everything is squished in and crushed. (Example #2)

Solution #2

SpikesSometimes spikes happen when recording at the source and there is nothing you cannot do about it. This comes down to microphone technique (lesson for another day). However, when a spike does occur like the example below, it either needs to be a) removed (i.e. you edit out that portion so it still makes sense, or b) the levels brought down or attempted to be fixed so that there is not a loud audio burst when someone is trying to listen carefully which is shocking and unpleasent.

Formats:All audio must be submitted in Stereo, even if it is produced with just a single microphone in Mono. Be careful that if you split mono files into stereo, you could get what is called "phasing", see here for an example in youtube.

Other Issues:Background NoiseYou also need to be aware of background noise, such that if you are out on the street and talking with people, or in a windy location, often the background noise is too much so that you cannot hear what is being said. Solution: Re-record or find other audio sources.

Background MusicBackground Music can be used to enhance programming, but it should not distract from the content. Keep the following in mind when using it. a) do not use music with vocals, it will clash and make it hard to hear the person speaking, b) make sure it is at a good level so that it does not overpower and get lost (Typically you want your voice recording to peak just below the 0db, and audio (uncompressed around -15-20db, more if you plan to compress after you have mixed the files together after) and c) make sure you have good quality music, that fits the programming you are making, i.e. not hit music, and is not a long loop of a single song.

Because files are often large there are multiple ways to submit, preference from the office is the order listed below for submitting.

Checklist: Make sure you are including the followinga) NCRA Submission Formb) Audio Files (As per the format and quality outlined above)c) Any additional info as needed for the grant

E-Mail: Please review the specific instructions outlined on the grant when submitting (ie which e-mail address or location), and if nothing is specified, e-mail barry@ncra.ca with the subject line "NCRA Audio Submission ___ Grant - Station Call Letters"