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T2 relaxation times and T1 rho Clinical scanners provide the pulse sequences required to measure T2 relaxation times and T1 rho Provide a quantitative measure that correlates with the degenerative stage of the disk T2 relaxation times a proxy measurement of disk water Measure changes in the disk over time Promise to distinguish early degenerative changes from age-related changes T2 relaxation times decline slowly with age and more rapidly with degeneration Acquisition T2 data requires 6 minutes; T1 rho, 30 minutes.

17
Dynamic imaging Biomedical techniques measure rotations of vertebrae MR, CT measure rotation of lumbar vertebrae Dynamic MRI: the application of a load or force to the spine with pre-acquisition of images Relative rotation a measure useful in selecting patients for a fusion procedure Dynamic imaging without measurement: still under evaluation.

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Visualization of CSF flow and pressure Evaluation of Chiari I patients Measure CSF flow and pressure Selection of patients for cranio-occipital decompression Explanation of pathogenesis of syringomyelia