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5.
Technologically Advanced Weapons <ul><li>Taser: An acronym for Tom Swift’s Electric Rifle. </li></ul><ul><ul><li>introduced in early 1975, designed as a non-lethal weapon resembling a handgun. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Once the trigger is depressed, two small barbed contacts trailing fine conducting wires are shot from one of the cassettes along the line of aim into the target. </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The dart-like contacts need not actually touch the skin. If the darts are imbedded in clothing, the electrical charge is capable of reaching the body, since the Taser provides a 1½-inch spark from its high-voltage power supply. </li></ul></ul>

7.
Crime Mapping <ul><li>Permits analysts to identify spatial patterns and hot spots for different types of crime </li></ul><ul><ul><li>About 13% of police departments use crime mapping </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>The Department of Justice (DOJ) is allocating substantial resources toward promoting the use of crime mapping at police agencies around the country </li></ul></ul>

8.
The Outlook for Police Employment <ul><li>Opportunities in Local, County, and State Law Enforcement </li></ul><ul><li>Local, County, and State Salaries </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Average annual salary of $47,460 in 2006 </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Detectives make around $58,260 annually </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Opportunities in Federal Law Enforcement </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Department of Homeland Security </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Federal Salaries </li></ul><ul><ul><li>FBI agents begin at about $60,199 a year </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Salaries of most federal law enforcement officers is determined by the General Schedule (GS) pay system </li></ul></ul>

9.
The Future of Police Research <ul><li>Research Revolution </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Product of large investment of funds, mostly from federal government, into scientific research </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Does Research Do Any Good? </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Yes! </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Kansas City Preventative Patrol Experiment found that increasing level of patrol did not deter crime more effectively than normal amount of patrol </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Rand Corporation study found that traditional detective work did not increase number of crimes solved </li></ul></ul><ul><li>The Future of Federal Funding </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Very uncertain, varies year to year </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Poses a serious threat for the future of American police </li></ul></ul>

13.
Immigration Enforcement <ul><li>Post 9/11, Justice Department called for a multiagency approach, although enforcing immigration laws was not a traditional job of state and local authorities </li></ul><ul><li>287(g) Program </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Permit local police to enforce immigration law after they have received required training from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) personnel </li></ul></ul>

14.
Racial and Ethnic Profiling <ul><li>War on terrorism has lead to increased stereotypes about Arab Americans </li></ul><ul><li>As a result, Department of Justice created a four-hour cultural competency course to educate local and federal law enforcement officers about Arab and Muslim culture and customs </li></ul>

15.
Personnel Changes <ul><li>Post 9/11: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Mobilization of National Guard and military reserves led to loss of personnel </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Especially detrimental to small agencies </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Increasing demands to fulfill homeland security needs </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Leading to diversion from regular patrol </li></ul></ul></ul>