Investigation of Crude Oil Fouling on Performance of Preheat Exchangers of Crude Distillation Unit (CDU)textarticle2013perIn this article the effect of fouling on tube side and the overall performance of preheat exchangers of crude distillation unit of petroleum refinery have been investigated. For this purpose the experimental data of Australian light crude oil in surface temperature of 200-260oC and the velocity between 0.25 to 0.4 m/s have been used. First, an overall dirty heat transfer coefficient was calculated and then the thickness of scales was determined. By solving heat transfer equations numerically for both cases of dirty and clean conditions, the temperature distribution for the crude oil running inside the heat exchanger's tubes was obtained. Finally, the effects of fouling on the exit temperature of process fluid and the pressure drop have been investigatedJournal of Petroleum Researchپژوهشگاه صنعت نفت2345-290014

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2013110http://pr.ripi.ir/article_274_42debfe0f0ef830ecfcc32b933841dab.pdfEthoxylation of Fatty Acids and Their Applications in Preparation of Emulsifier Packagetextarticle2013perEthoxylated fatty acids or polyoxyethylene esters of fatty acids possess surface active characteristic depending on ethoxylation degree (glycol type used).They have a wide range of applications and are known by formulated trade names.Fatty acids used as starting materials are obtained by the hydrolysis of fats and oils and thus the final products are fully biodegradable.The objective of this investigation is the use of these compounds (lab scale synthesis-mass production) in the preparation of oil-based emulsifier packages with various applications. Considering the necessity of oil solubility of these compounds, the synthetic esters must have the appropriate HLB.On the other hand, by adding the appropriate ethoxylated surface active component, a stable emulsion in hard water needs to be formed in the preparation of emulsifier packages.Journal of Petroleum Researchپژوهشگاه صنعت نفت2345-290014

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20131117http://pr.ripi.ir/article_275_812997ff11dd0e399a446b64808484f9.pdfFabricating and Studying of Heat Insulator Concretes on Based on Internal Vermiculit and Pearlitetextarticle2013perAnnually, a lot of imported heat insulator Concretes, are used for which a considerable amount of exchange expenses are allocated. most kinds of these insulator concretes are imported during foundation and installation of the factories accompanied by primary facilities and supplies. Even, after a short time the factories began to work, whenever the walls of the insulators are required to be changed or repaired regarding the primary purchase from abroad, the required substances will be provided by foreign sources.At the present research two kinds of insulator concretes on the basis of internal pearlite and vermiculit have been designed and their properties have been compared to those imported insulators concretes with excessive applications. Regarding their measured physical properties including density and strength in different temperatures and also PLC test, the obtained results indicate the similarity in significant properties of internal fabricated head insulator concretes whit foreign samples.
Journal of Petroleum Researchپژوهشگاه صنعت نفت2345-290014

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20131823http://pr.ripi.ir/article_276_331a646fee715d73ed9e79bab8759240.pdfInvestigation of the Fracture Causes of the Screw Compressors Shafttextarticle2013perScrew compressors are used to produce the compressed air in the refineries. Because of the frequent failures and high prices of these compressors, this research was done to determine the failure causes in one of these compressors. In this study and after about 603 working hours , female rotor compressor had been fractured. Metallurgical and other experiments showed that the defect in cooling water system caused increasing thetemperature and touching and striking two male and female rotors with each other. Then the fatigue phenomenon and finally the fracture of the female rotor happened. Journal of Petroleum Researchپژوهشگاه صنعت نفت2345-290014

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20132436http://pr.ripi.ir/article_277_43477c2d694485f90990ffa2c0adc41a.pdfStudy and Comparsion of Solvent Type Effect on Refiner Vacuum Bottom Deasphaltingtextarticle2013per
In the 1970 S, regulations in some counries forced usersof heavy residue to limit pollutant emissions at industrial sites, also forced producers to Up grade their heavy products for export and domestic use. For this reason iran as a producer, exporter and consumer has to develop mew upgrading processes.the most common processes for upgrading heavy oil are catalytic processes, but existence of heavy metals, asphaltenes, sulfur and nitrogen compounds in heavy oil process several serious problems in the process. Hence at first. The unwanted materials must lower to the acceptable limit in the feed.
Of all the techni[ues conceived and tested to separate asphaltenes from oily feed, only one has been developed industrially, deasphalting by light solvent. In this study, deasphalting of vacuum bottom of Tehran and arak refineries were evaluatedusing light alkane solvents such as n-pentane, n-heptane and LSRG (Light straight Run Gasoline). Results show that pentane and heptanes are good solvents for asphaltene separation in Deasphalted oil yield compared tp propane. Hence DAO produced by n-C5 and n-C7 is much better in quality.
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20133744http://pr.ripi.ir/article_287_1093f66df678af7f8739b46cb4e83b5c.pdfModeling and Simulation of Flow Leakage in Petroleum Pipelines in an Unsteady Conditiontextarticle2013perLeakage in fluid pipelines that is often observed in oil industry could be simulated easily in a steady condition by applying some assumptions. At steady condition, any sort of pressure drops in pipelines could be a reason for leakage presence. Since operations in pipelines is usually happens in an unsteady condition, In the present research, the flow in pipelines has been assumed as unsteady, for which the steady flow will be considered as its special case. In order to solve the adapted equations by methods of specifications, at first two algorithms called tile and time-machine will be investigated. And because of reinforcing noises and error establishment in leakage detection, in tile algorithm, a method similar to time-machine algorithm will be used. Then an algorithm specified for PLD model will be presented to determine an unsteady flow simulation, leakage detection, leakage physical situation, and eventually the calculation of the extent of the loss. The obtained results of this model will be compared with the practical ones. Journal of Petroleum Researchپژوهشگاه صنعت نفت2345-290014

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20134558http://pr.ripi.ir/article_278_2f03e79d9ed1b865571839acd70c872d.pdfExperimental study of some parameters on the quality of the base oil Manufactured in the reclaim unitstextarticle2013perDifference in color is a major source of distinction between the lubricants extracted directly from the lubecuts and those manufactured in the reclaim units.The mentioned difference can be regarded as one of the main problesm for these products.In order to imporve the color quality of final product, possible modifications in the reclamation method have been investigated. Th effort has been described in this paper. Acid wash, followed by neutralization and a final discoloration using surface active agents such as bentonite,is the method which has been used,and depending on the quality of what has been done,the level of clearness of the product could therefore vary between 2 to 4.5 on the LOVIBOND scale. In this research, different processes in production line has been investigated and the dominant parameters on the product quality, has been indentified. Among these, the factors which have the maximum effectiveness on the samples, have been chosen. Temperature variation in the distillation tower, the amount of acid used, the acid wash temperature, the amount of surface active agents, the discoloration temperature and temperature required for discoloring reservoirs, were among the studied parameters. In order to make sure about the quality of the obtained product, the physical and chemical properties of the product have been taken under the precise consideration. Viscosity index, flash point, and fall-out point are among the properties which have been studiedJournal of Petroleum Researchپژوهشگاه صنعت نفت2345-290014