Possible links between tiny particles used in modern suntan lotions and brain
diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are to be investigated by
scientists.

Sun worshippers are constantly told of the importance of using sunscreen, but the University of Ulster said two of its experts have been given substantial funding by the European Union to explore the possible links between the sunscreen and brain disease.

Sun protection could carry its own risks

They are leading groundbreaking research into whether human-engineered nanoparticles, such as those found in sunscreen, can induce neurodegenerative disease.

Professor Vyvyan Howard, a pathologist and toxicologist, and Dr Christian Holster, an expert in Alzheimer’s, have been awarded £350,000 from the EU to carry out a three-year research project.

Their research at the Biomedical Sciences Institute in Coleraine, Londonderry, is part of a worldwide project called NeuroNano.

“The overall science and technology objective of this programme is to determine if engineered nanoparticles could constitute a significant neuro-toxicological risk to humans for two diseases – Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s,” said Professor Howard.

The University of Ulster experts will be specifically looking at nanoparticles present in chemicals found in sunscreens and an additive in some diesel fuels – titanium dioxide and cerium oxide – and their connection to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.

The tiny metals – about the size of an atom – are added to sunscreen to reflect sunlight without being too greasy on the skin.

Professor Howard said: “There is now firm evidence that some engineered nanoparticles entering intravenously or via lungs can reach the brains of small animals.

“Indeed they lodge in almost all parts of the brain and there are no efficient clearance mechanisms to remove them once there.”

The Alzheimer’s Research Trust cautioned people about suddenly stopping using sunscreen.

Dr Simon Ridley, research manger at the trust, said: “The exact causes of Alzheimer’s disease are unknown. It’s likely that both genetic and environmental factors are involved. People should not worry about using sunscreen, which protects our skin from sun damage.”

He added: “Because we know so little about the causes of Alzheimer’s, we need to investigate many angles. Through understanding the disease, researchers will be able to develop new and effective ways to treat it.

“700,000 people in the UK have dementia, a number forecast to double in a generation. We need to invest in research now to offer hope for the future