In order to improve the quality of education, several countries in Latin America and the Caribbean are implementing institutional reforms that affect the roles and responsibilities of education management units at different levels (national, subnational, local, and school level). With the aim of contributing to the technical dialogue vis-à-vis these reforms, the Education Division of the Inter-American Development Bank has carried out a comparative analysis of the institutional architecture of five high-performing education systems: the Ontario Province in Canada, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the USA, Finland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.