The typical middle-income white family is more likely to reside in a good neighborhood with better schools as well as parks, daycare and so forth. But the typical black middle-income family is more likely to be in a lower-income neighborhood, according to Stanford University researchers Sean F. Reardon, Lindsay Fox and Joseph Townsend.

“I was surprised by the magnitude,” Reardon, a professor at the Stanford Graduate School of Education and the paper’s lead author, told The New York Times. “I thought comparing people at exactly the same income level would get rid of more of the neighborhood differences than it did.”

The study looked at the median income of neighborhoods in which black and white families of a given income lived. For instance, the typical black family with an income of $50,000 lives in a neighborhood in which the median income is less than $43,000. But a typical white family with the same income lives in a neighborhood with a median income of almost $53,000.

“When you look at the evidence of how important neighborhoods are, you really worry about the long-term consequences of these patterns of racial and economic segregation,” Reardon told The Washington Post.