Chapter 1 - I Intro to the Field of Psychology a...

I.Intro to the Field of Psychologya.Affect (Feelings)i.What you see on their faceii.Flat – emotionlessb.Behaviori.observec.Cognition (thoughts)i.Can inquire, but can’t observed.Study topics that are difficult to defineII.4 Goals of Psycha.describe, explain, predict, and controlIII. History of Psycha.Philo and Natural Sciences rootsb.India: Buddha – How do sensations fuse to make ideas?c.China: Confucius – power of ideas and educated mindd.Hebrew Scriptures – mind/emotion linked to bodye.Socrates and Plato – Dualism: mind separate from body; mind exists after death; ideas are inborn (born with ideas)f.Aristotle: Soul not separate from body; knowledge comes from experienceg.René Descartes: Dualist; soul-body separate; How do the two interact?; pineal gland was root of soulh.John Locke: mind = Tabula Rasa – mind is a blank slate at birth and experiences wrote on itIV.Empiricisma.Observation/experimentationb.Gustav Fechner – founder of psych experimentation (studied perception)c.Hermann von Helmholtz – studied visual and auditory perceptionV. Structuralisma.Wilhelm Wundti.Conscious could be broken down into individual partsb.Titchener (student)i.Could also break down sensations as wellii.Margaret Washburn – animals c.Introspection – look objectively at one’s own thoughtsd.Broken down into individual emotions and sensationsVI.Functionalisma.William Jamesi.Mary Whiton Calkins – studied memory and psych of the selfb.How mind allows people to function in societyc.Consciousness applied to everyday life, not just analysis of itVII.Gestalta.Wetheimerb.“whole is greater than the sum of it parts”

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