PostgreSQL is a robust relational database system with over 25 years of active development that runs on all major operating systems. It is fully ACID compliant, and has full support for foreign keys, joins, views, triggers, and stored procedures (in multiple languages). It includes most SQL92 and SQL99 data types, including INTEGER, NUMERIC, BOOLEAN, CHAR, VARCHAR, DATE, INTERVAL, and TIMESTAMP. It also supports storage of binary large objects, including pictures, sounds, or video. It has native programming interfaces for C/C++, Java, .Net, Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl, and ODBC, among others, and exceptional documentation.

fio is an I/O tool meant to be used both for benchmark and stress/hardware verification. It has support for 19 different types of I/O engines (sync, mmap, libaio, posixaio, SG v3, splice, null, network, syslet, guasi, solarisaio, and more), I/O priorities (for newer Linux kernels), rate I/O, forked or threaded jobs, and much more. It can work on block devices as well as files. fio accepts job descriptions in a simple-to-understand text format. Several example job files are included. fio displays all sorts of I/O performance information, including complete IO latencies and percentiles. Fio is in wide use in many places, for both benchmarking, QA, and verification purposes. It supports Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, OS X, OpenSolaris, AIX, HP-UX, Android, and Windows.

Lynis is an security auditing and hardening tool for Unix derivatives like Linux/BSD/Solaris. It performs an in-depth scan on the system to detect software and security issues. Besides information related to security, it will also scan for general system information, installed packages, and possible configuration mistakes. The software is aimed at assisting automated auditing, configuration management, software patch management, vulnerability detection, and malware scanning of Unix-based systems.

Berkeley DB (libdb) is a programmatic toolkit that provides embedded database support for both traditional and client/server applications. It includes b+tree, queue, extended linear hashing, fixed, and variable-length record access methods, transactions, locking, logging, shared memory caching, database recovery, and replication for highly available systems. DB supports C, C++, C#, Java, PHP, and Perl APIs. It supports key-value pair (NoSQL), SQL, and Java Object formatted data. It is available for a wide variety of Unix platforms as well as QNX, Android, Mac OS X, and several varieties of Windows.

Sendmail is a Mail Transfer Agent, which is the
program that moves mail from one machine to
another. Sendmail implements a general
internetwork mail routing facility, featuring
aliasing and forwarding, automatic routing to
network gateways, and flexible configuration.

GNU grep is based on a fast lazy-state deterministic matcher (about twice as fast as stock Unix egrep) hybridized with a Boyer-Moore-Gosper search for a fixed string that eliminates impossible text from being considered by the full regexp matcher without necessarily having to look at every character. The result is typically many times faster than Unix grep or egrep.

Dillo Web browser is a very fast, extremely small
Web browser that's written in C and C++. The
source is around 600 KB, and the static binary is about 980KB. It is a graphical browser built upon FLTK-1.3, and it renders a good subset of HTML and CSS, excluding frames, JavaScript, and JVM support.