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Searches OneSearch, which includes Georgetown and Consortium holdings, many of the Georgetown databases, and a variety of other resources. It includes books, journal and newspaper articles, encyclopedias, images and media, and primary sources.

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Searches OneSearch, which includes Georgetown and Consortium holdings, many of the Georgetown databases, and a variety of other resources. It includes books, journal and newspaper articles, encyclopedias, images and media, and primary sources.

Turabian Footnote/Endnote Style

The examples in this guide are meant to introduce you to the basics of citing sources using Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations(seventh edition). Kate Turabian created her first "manual" in 1937 as a means of simplifying for students The Chicago Manual of Style; the seventh edition of Turabian is based on the 15th edition of the Chicago Manual. For types of resources not covered in this guide (e.g., government documents, manuscript collections, video recordings) and for further detail and examples, please consult the websites listed at the end of this guide, the handbook itself (LAU Ref Desk LB 2369 .T8 2007) or a reference librarian.

Whenever you refer to or use another's words, facts or ideas in your paper, you are required to cite the source. Traditionally, disciplines in the humanites (art, history, music, religion, theology) require the use of bibliographic footnotes or endnotes in conjunction with a bibliography to cite sources used in research papers and dissertations. For the parenthetical reference (author-date) system (commonly used in the sciences and social sciences), please refer to the separate guide Turabian Parenthetical/Reference List Style. It is best to consult with your professor to determine the preferred citation style.

Indicate notes in the text of your paper by using consecutive superscript numbers (as demonstrated below). The actual note is indented and can occur either as a footnote at the bottom of the page or as an endnote at the end of the paper. To create notes, type the note number followed by a period on the same line as the note itself. This method should always be used for endnotes; it is the preferred method for footnotes. However, superscript numbers are acceptable for footnotes, and many word processing programs can generate footnotes with superscript numbers for you.

BOOKS

When citing books, the following are elements you may need to include in your bibliographic citation for your first footnote or endnote and in your bibliography, in this order:

1. Author or editor;2. Title;3. Compiler, translator or editor (if an editor is listed in addition to an author);4. Edition;5. Name of series, including volume or number used;6. Place of publication, publisher and date of publication;7. Page numbers of citation (for footnote or endnote).

Books with One Author or Corporate Author

Text:

Author:Charles Hullmandel experimented with lithographic techniques throughout the early nineteenth century, patenting the "lithotint" process in 1840.1

Editor:Human beings are the sources of "all international politics"; even though the holders of political power may change, this remains the same.1

Corporate Author:Children of Central and Eastern Europe have not escaped the nutritional ramifications of iron deficiency, a worldwide problem.1

Ibid., short for ibidem, means "in the same place." Use ibid. if you cite the same page of the same work in succession without a different reference intervening. If you need to cite a different page of the same work, include the page number. For example: 2Ibid., 50.

WEBSITES

In most cases, you will be citing something smaller than an entire website. If you are citing an article from a website, for example, follow the guidelines for articles above. You can usually refer to an entire website in running text without including it in your reference list, e.g.: "According to its website, the Financial Accounting Standards Board requires ...".

If you need to cite an entire website in your bibliography, include some or all of the following elements, in this order:

1. Author or editor of the website (if known)2. Title of the website3. URL4. Date of access

Sources: Their Use and AcknowledgementDartmouth College's guide explains why and when to cite sources and provides citation examples using APA, MLA, Science citation style and MLA's footnote and endnote style.

Citing SourcesDuke University's guide to citing sources. The site offers comparison citation tables with examples from APA, Chicago, MLA and Turabian for both print and electronic works.

How to Cite Electronic SourcesFrom the Library of Congress. Provides MLA and Turabian examples of citing formats like films, photographs, maps and recorded sound that are accessed electronically.