cations/UnravelingTheMystery/Part1/Hallmarks.htm http://www.nia.nih.g...Previous studies had also implicated in Alzheimers one of threeversio...Shaw and colleagues suspected that youth with ApoE4 would have athinn...Each individual inherits two copies of the ApoE gene one fromeach pa...ApoE4 gene type also predicted thinning of two other brainregions (me...

cations/UnravelingTheMystery/Part1/Hallmarks.htm">http://www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/UnravelingTheMystery/Part1/Hallmarks.htm)
characteristic of the disorder.

Previous studies had also implicated in Alzheimers one of three
versions of a gene that produces ApoE. The ApoE4 variant occurs in
10-25 percent of the general population, but in 40 percent of
late-onset Alzheimers patients. The strongest genetic risk factor
for the disease discovered to date, ApoE4 has been linked to
altered brain activity in adults and impaired neuronal
development.

Shaw and colleagues suspected that youth with ApoE4 would have a
thinner entorhinal cortex. To confirm this, they compared the MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging) scans of 239 healthy children and
teens with their ApoE gene types. Many were re-scanned as they grew
up to see if there was any ongoing thinning process traceable to
ApoE4.

Each individual inherits two copies of the ApoE gene, one from
each parent. Youth with at least one copy of the relatively rare
ApoE2 variant — which may confer a protective effect against
developing Alzheimers — showed the thickest entorhinal
cortex. This was the first evidence that the ApoE2 version, which
is carried by 5-10 percent of the population, affects brain
structure, say the researchers. Youth with two copies of ApoE3, the
most common version (65-85 percent prevalence), had intermediate
cortex thickness. Those with one or two copies of ApoE4 had the
thinnest entorhinal cortex.

ApoE4 gene type also predicted thinning of two other brain
regions (medial temporal and posterior orbitofrontal areas)
affected early in Alzheimers disease, which, like the entorhinal
cortex, are involved in learning and memory. The pattern of changes
resembled that seen in early Alzheimers, but to a far lesser
degree. For example, the entorhinal cortex thinning seen in
Alzheimers disease is about 10-fold greater than in the youth with
ApoE4.

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