Previous research had dated rocks in northwestern Canada to 4.03 billion years ago, and tiny crystals of the mineral zircon in Western Australia are known to be upward of 4.38 billion years old.

It's not known whether the bedrock itself is also as old as the crust, a question that awaits further analysis, said study co-author Richard Carlson, a geochemist at the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C.

Regardless, the ancient date supports the once-controversial idea that Earth was cool enough to produce crust early in its history.

"Even though we expect the Earth formed [at] very hot [temperatures], at least Earth's surface had cooled down to temperatures not dramatically hotter than today," Carlson said.

The finding disputes the idea that the first crust didn't form until a period of intense asteroid and comet bombardment ended about 3.8 billion years ago.