The city of Toronto has changed tremendously over the past four decades, and outgoing Chief Planner and Executive Director of the City Planning Division, Gary Wright, has been in the thick of city planning throughout. In his final annual conversation with the public as Chief Planner, at an event held this morning (hosted by the Canadian Urban Institute, the Cities Centre at University of Toronto, and NRU Publishing), Wright spoke about the city’s past, its future, and the intricacies of city building. Wright began working in planning in 1974, during a citizen-driven epoch of neighbourhood development. In response to the transition from surface transit to underground subway development along the Bloor-Danforth corridor, Bloor West business owners set up the city’s first Business Improvement Area in 1970, and throughout the decade others would follow—an energetic, community-minded time for city planning in Toronto.

- The 1990s and onward, with economic growth and the amalgamation of Toronto proper with its five adjoining boroughs, brought about dramatic changes to city planning. Suddenly, city planners were forced to cooperate with a number of different mindsets—“a much bigger city with much different interests.” “Amalgamation helped us all learn,” Wright recalls. “There’s lessons learned from everywhere, doesn’t matter whether it’s in Scarborough or Etobicoke or North York. Now we find the commonality of those languages, the commonality of those structural changes that we work with all the time. So, we think differently.” Apart from the geographic growth of the city as a result of its expanded boundaries, Wright points out the concentration of downtown development as a trend to keep tabs on, particularly the ongoing residential growth happening south of Front Street. He thinks this is a positive step for invigorating the city’s core, and is dismissive of complaints regarding a glut of highrise construction.

- What does worry Wright is an intangible: the widening income disparity apparent throughout the city, with high-income populations concentrated along the city’s inner core, low-income populations relegated to the city’s northeastern and northwestern shoulders, and middle income populations rapidly ceasing to exist. “We can’t solve income inequality problems through planning renewals,” Wright admits, “but we should be thinking about how we attract investment, potentially, to parts of the city that don’t have investment now.” Wright sees income disparity as a planning issue because of its effect on social cohesion. “One of the reason Toronto works well is that there’s a fabric of social cohesion,” says Wright, citing recent riots in London and Paris as examples of what happens to a city when that fabric begins to tear. “What I’m concerned about is that, over time, income inequality is going to affect social cohesion. It’s something we have to think about, and we need to be informed by these things.”