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Sunday, July 27, 2014

Anthony Trollope's Framley Parsonage and Gender Rolls

Like
all the previous novels in Anthony Trollope’s Chronicles of Barsetshire series, Framley
Parsonageis about themen and women who inhabit the fictional English county of Barsetshire.
As I was reading this entry
I began to think about how Trollope portrays gender in different ways. It seems
that the author is attempting to show something distinctive concerning the way
that men and women behave within their respective roles in society. Obviously
the culture that

Trollope is portraying has very distinct and defined gender
roles and cultural codes of conduct. However, it appears that Trollope is
trying to go beyond those roles to convey something more meaningful.

Before
one attempts to extract any messages from this book, I think it important to
take a step back and examine how Trollope generally communicates ideas. An
impression that one gets from all of the Trollope’s novels that I have read
thus far, is that this author is the opposite of an ideologue. When characters
are wedded too closely to any particular cause or ideology, such ardor is
portrayed as a flaw. Trollope depicts these defects sometimes gently but at
other times severely. The overzealous John Bold, a major character in The
Wardencomes to mind
as a good example. In this regard Trollope tends not to
take sides in terms of where the character falls on the political and social
spectrum. Instead it is the character’s single-mindedness that becomes the
issue.

The characters
that seem the most balanced and stable are the moderates who posses a strong
moral sense. Septimus Harding, hero of the The
Warden and minor character in this novel, as well Miss Dunstable, a moderately important
character in several of the books, are good examples. Thus I would be
very cautious to tie Trollope too closely to any one movement or ideology.

Another
point about Trollope is that he is almost never heavy handed. He does not hit
the reader over the head with any message. What he does often do is show,
rather then tell, what he perceives as truth, usually a moderate view of truth,
about the world through his characters and plot. His messages are not
overbearing or strident though he does make some keen observations.

With
all this said, throughout Framley
Parsonageit seems that
the author is trying to say something about the plight of women in society. One
thing that is characteristic of the plot is that the many of the males, even
the fairly decent and honorable ones, expand most of their time and much of
their assets on their own leisure and pleasure as well as political machinations
that do not benefit society. Mark Robarts, the protagonist, is a
clergyman who becomes more and more drawn into the local habits of hunting, equestrian
pursuits and power politics to the point that he comes under the criticism of other characters. It seems that most of the other
male characters partake in the same activities.While the men while away time and money, Robarts’s wife Fanny and his
sister Lucy, not only take care of their own families and children, but they go
to great sacrifice and risk caring for another family whose mother, Mrs.
Crawley, is struck with a serious, seemingly infectious illness.

We
also observe this duality within the Crawley family. Mrs. Crawley
works and sacrifices enormously for the good of her children. Within this
family however, we also see another male character behaving in a different kind
of deleterious way. Mr. Crawley, a Clergyman of strident beliefs, is so frugal
and severe, that he allows his wife and children to suffer terribly and denies
them small pleasures because he is too prideful to accept charity or assistance
from others.

At
one point when Mrs. Crawley is lying terribly ill, Mr. Crawley attempts to
refuse help for her and the family due to his unreasonable beliefs and what is
ultimately egotistical pride. His actions and motivations, seem reprehensible
as he comments,

“It is all that is left to me of my
manliness. That poor broken reed who is lying there sick,— who has sacrificed
all the world to her love for me,— who is the mother of my children, and the
partner of my sorrows and the wife of my bosom,— even she cannot change me in
this, though she pleads with the eloquence of all her wants. Not even for her
can I hold out my hand for a dole.”

Lest
one think that is too much of a monster, Mr. Crawley does show some decency
later on, it is decency that is motivated after he observes the altruism shown
by Lucy.

Trollope
is a writer who never lets the reader forget that they are reading a book and
are being addressed by an author. Thus, he uses meta - fiction and unusual
points of view freely. My commentary on this tendency is here.
The creative author leaves an interesting clue to his intentions in the
narrative. At one point when describing Mark Robarts, Trollope seems to correct
himself as if he recognizes that he is being too gender biased,

And then, too, he found that men liked him,—
men and women also; men and women who were high in worldly standing.

What
is the reader to make of all this? Is Trollope saying that the men in his
society are all narcissistic and occupied with their own pleasure and ideology
while the women sacrifice to help their families and community? As it fits Trollope's moderation, I think that
his message is a bit more nuanced then this. At times the male characters
certainly behave honorably and do a lot of good in Framley
Parsonageas they do inother
Trollope works. Conversely there are female characters spread throughout this
series, such as Mrs. Proudie and Lady Arabella who are downright pernicious. Another
female character, Griselda Grantly is vacuous and cold.

Trollope
is neither raising women to pedestals nor is he demonizing men. Instead he is showing
through observation that in general the women of his society all too often
sacrifice and work for others, much more so then do men. Furthermore he is taking
males to task for certain aspects of their behavior. He does all this while at portraying
a complex and multifaceted world where there are all sorts of nuance and
exceptions to general truths.

I
have used the term “his society” several times when commenting upon the world
that Trollope was describing. Obviously Trollope lived in a very different time
then that of the modern reader. Any lessons that we can apply to our current
circumstances need to take this into account. With that in mind, modern readers
can attempt to evaluate Trollope’s message in the context of the modern world. My
personal observation, at least in very general terms, of the society that I am mostly familiar with, American society, and for a
segment of the population, some of these realities exist in the present day.

My commentary on the first book in the Chronicles of Barsetshire series, The Warden is here.

Fascinating commentary as ever, Brian. I haven't read Trollope, but I like the way you've analysed how he communicates ideas; showing rather than telling suggests an appealing lightness of touch to his writing.

Interesting to see how Trollope portrayed gender roles, of his time especially. Once can find much food for thought by "reading between the lines". This post reminds me of Jane Austen and the way she portrayed gender roles of her time, when a woman's goal was to marry well. All of her heroines wanted to marry for love, not wealth and interestingly enough the author herself never married.Great post as always!

Hi Naida - Trollope also explores the marriage dynamic where wealth and status competed with love when it came to choosing one's spouse. When I think about Trollope also seems to have portrayed women as getting the worse end of that too.

You're not going to belive this - I'm reading The Warden now. I guess you've inspired me. I'm quite grateful as I think it's unique. I noticed these auctorial intrusions as well and found them quite amusing. I didn't expct an emotional reaction but the book resonantes a lot with me. I just saw Guy's question - I'm tempted to read Trollope's autobiography. In my Penguin edition there are so many quotes and I think it's a great book. In any case - I have you and Guy to thank for discovering Trollope.

Anthony Trollope's mother, Frances, was a wonderfully clever woman who was very interested in the Woman Question - the role of women in Victorian society - and no doubt her influence rubbed off on AT. You may want to read her 'Domestic Manners of the Americans', sometime. It created quite a stir in her day.

I think I will have to start reading this series. I've never been a huge AT fan, but maybe I'm ready for him now. :)

Nice commentary, Brian. You're in quite a Trollope phase, it seems! It's a good reminder for me - I tried one of his books when I was young, but it didn't leave much impression on me, and have always been meaning to go back and try him again.

This commentary on "Framley Parsonage" is not only very detailed, but also full of very astute observations on how Trollope presents and fleshes out his characters. I like how you point out that he balances character flaws with good points, even though it does seem that the men of the time were rather narcissistic, intent upon their own leisure and political pursuits, while the women were forced to deal with the realities of life.

You've also made an interesting point regarding Trollope's moderate tendencies in regards to ideology. As a moderate myself, I heartily concur; I detest fanaticism of either end of the philosophical/political spectrum.

I am totally appalled at Mr. Crawley's statements regarding the idea of accepting charity in the case of his wife, who was obviously very ill. That he should even DARE to think of his "manliness" as being more important at such a time as this is totally DISGUSTING, especially considering the fact that he's a clergyman! Unfortunately, it is frequently the case that self-righteous clergymen turn out to be very hypocritical. While strongly championing their beliefs, they actually do evil in other ways.

I think it's about time I took that little stroll I mentioned in my comment to your previous Trollope post. Lol.

Though as we have discussed I am bit over to the political and social left these days, I do consider myself a moderate in most areas. Even as I do side with American Progressives, I try to do so moderately. Thus I really appreciate Trollope's moderation myself.

Mr. Crawley' can indeed be infuriating, that is why I quoted that passage. Trollope sees such complexity in people however and does endow him with some positive traits later on.