Check out our new website for more incredible history documentaries: HD and ad-free. http://bit.ly/2O6zUsK
On 15th November 1532, when the Spanish Conquistadors climbed high into the Andes on a mission to conquer the Inca people, 170 Spaniards met a force of 40,000 Incas. In the first of this two-part series, Dr William Sullivan examines why Andean civilisation could possibly have been conquered as a result of this battle and why a clash of cultural beliefs could have caused the downfall of the largest nation state to have ever existed in the western hemisphere.
In one of the strangest events in all recorded history, Spaniards after adventure, fortune and power, to their own amazement seized this seemingly infallible empire. What the Spaniards never knew, however, and what history does not record, was that the Andean people had been aware of the imminence of this event for some 100 years through a complex and systematic charting of the stars.
The IncaEmpire at its peak was the largest kingdom on EarthThe Incas were master builders, fearsome warriors and practitioners of human sacrifice. Yet this mighty state was conquered by a small band of Spanish adventurers. 7000 men were killed and 10,000 injured. But how could the Incas let this happen? The Secret Of The Incas tells the story of one man’s search to unlock one of the world’s great mysteries. Anthropologist Bill Sullivan found the answer in the myths handed down from generation to generation of Incas and finally to Jesuit priests. The Incas were fine astrologists and believed events in the stars paralleled events on earth, only 100 years hence. During the reign of the first Inca, they foretold the end of Inca civilisation in 1532 – the year the Spanish invaded. The Incas’ tragic secret was that they believed they were doomed – and that resistance was futile.
Want to watch more full-length Documentaries?
Click here: goo.gl/zCIIDC
Content licensed from Digital RightsGroup (DRG).
Produced by Boa PictureCompanyLTD.

A National Geographic documentary about the fascinating and mysterious pre-Columbian Inca lost city of Machu Picchu. Deep in the Andean mountains lays a mysterious ruin named Machu Picchu. For 400 years it sat abandoned on its misty cliff, the quintessential lost city in the jungle. Rediscovered in 1911, it contained no written records or carvings, nothing that could shed light on its history. For a century since, it has defied the endless scores of visitors and scientists who attempted to understand its purpose. Who were the mysterious people who built it and why did they build it here? Today an international team of archeologists, engineers and scientists are finally piecing together the clues. Together they are discovering astonishing new burials, revealing the intricacies of its ingenious engineering and finally decoding the secrets of Machu Picchu.

published:06 Nov 2017

views:4459

It was the largest pre-Colombian civilization in the Americas and it sprawled a distance of 5,230 km (3,250 miles) or approximately the distance between New York and San Francisco. With millions of citizens the Incas constructed tens of thousands of kilometers of roads through some of the harshest terrain on Earth yet never discovered the wheel. Get ready because these are 25 incredible things the Incas did that will astonish you!
Follow us on:
Twitter: https://twitter.com/list25
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/list25
Website: http://list25.com
Instagram: https://instagram.com/list25/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/list25/
Check out the physical list at - http://list25.com/25-incredible-things-about-the-incas-that-will-astonish-you/
Preview:
Although the Inca were the largest pre-Colombian American empire, they lacked a written language
For this reason (lack of census records) estimates of their size has varied ranging from 4 million people to nearly 40 million
The Incas practiced something known as skull deformation. Basically they wrapped cloth around the heads of their kids so that they would elongate.
Some of their kings would only wear their clothes once and then burn them
In spite of the fact that they built over 30,000 km of road, they never developed or discovered the wheel
Mail was delivered along this network of roads by way of messengers who would hand mail off to each other using a sort of relay system
Since there was no writing system the messengers had to memorize the messages!
The Incas introduced the world to potatoes via the Spanish conquistadors
In fact, nearly a quarter of Europe's growth between the 1700s and the 1900s was attributed to the introduction of this crop
The Incas constructed buildings without mortar. Basically the huge stones they used fit together so perfectly and tightly that nothing could get between them.
and more...

Machu Picchu is a testament to the power and ingenuity of the Inca empire. Built without the use of mortar, metal tools, or the wheel, Machu Picchu stands as an archaeological wonder of the ancient world. But why was it built—and deserted?
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
OfficialSite: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
Machu Picchu 101 | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/cnMa-Sm9H4k
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

published:02 Sep 2017

views:461727

Join us on tour:
September 2014: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
October 2014: http://megalithomania.co.uk/peru2014.html
The Coricancha in Cusco is believed by many archaeologists to be the first building that the Inca ever made. The problem with that theory is that it is also the FINEST they ever made. It is my belief that this building predates the Inca by thousands of years, made by a mysterious people called the Piuhuas or Viracochans.
Join us in September and experience this: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
Or in October: http://www.megalithomania.co.uk/peru2014.html

published:27 Mar 2014

views:31379

One of the great mysteries of ancient Peru is that the Inca did not have a system of writing, but communicated with a system of strings tied with knots. For the first time, centuries-old knotted textile accounting records known as quipus were found buried with well-preserved organic material. They were found at the archaeological site of Incahuasi, the base of operations for the Inca expansion along Peru’s southern coast.
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
OfficialSite: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
The IncaEmpire stretched from Colombia to central Chile and ruled more than 12 million people. They built organized cities and advanced road systems, yet they had no system of hieroglyphic writing, as the Maya did. Instead, they communicated via a system of knotted textile strings known as quipus. Deciphering how to read the quipus has become one of the great mysteries of ancient Peru.
At the site of Incahuasi in the CañeteValley, archaeologists have found—for the first time—dozens of quipus buried alongside centuries-old produce. They appear to have been used for accounting in agricultural storage houses to record the amount of wood, beans, corn, chili peppers, and other items moving throughout the complex. Six-hundred-year-old beans are so well-preserved in this dry valley that they look like dried beans you would see in a market today. Archaeologists found beans and other produce so they knew they were excavating storerooms, and then they found knots.
National Geographic explorer AlejandroChu explains that this is significant for quipu scholars because new discoveries could help bring them closer to understanding what the accounting records mean. “Usually you find quipus related to offerings, or funerary bundles in tombs. They are left and totally disconnected from their real use,” Chu says. “One of the main reasons why the discovery of quipus in Incahuasi is amazing is because it’s one of the first times we're finding them in their original context. They are in the places where they were used.”
Quipus are made of a cotton or wool strings hanging from a main cord. The knots on the strings convey meaning through their location, direction, and type. Researchers already have a basic understanding of the numerical system incorporated in the quipus, where knots represent numbers. The hope is to move beyond mathematical operations to understanding non-numerical words or phrases from the agricultural product inventories. It is a whole new body of data to add to the Quipu Database Project and to understanding this interesting form of communication.
Incahuasi, or “House of the Inca,” is an important and strategic Inca city. It served as the agricultural base of operations and administrative center for the Inca expansion along southern coast in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. It transformed the valley into a thriving, productive area. In two archaeological excavation seasons led by Chu, the team has already found almost 70 quipus, and most of the vast storeroom complex at the site is yet to be excavated.
GlobalXplorer° is a cutting-edge platform that empowers citizen scientists around the world to help reduce looting and encroachment at important archaeological sites—as well as discover and protect unknown sites—using satellite imagery. Find out how you can become part of the GlobalXplorer° community and make a difference, beginning with our first expedition in Peru, at GlobalXplorer.org.
http://www.globalxplorer.org
Read more about the discovery of quipus in Incahuasi:
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/world/americas/untangling-an-accounting-tool-and-an-ancient-incan-mystery.html
Learn about the Quipu Database Project: http://khipukamayuq.fas.harvard.edu/Researchers.html
SeniorProducer: Sarah Joseph
Producer: Carolyn Barnwell
Editor: DaveNathanDirector of Photography: Juan AntonioPuyolExecutive Producer: Vanessa Serrao
Threads That Speak: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Inca | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/AmPyz1kCbOw
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

On the edge of WesternSouth America, wedged between the Earth’s driest desert, largest rainforest, and second highest mountain range lay a sprawling empire. The Inca through ingenious engineering and strict central planning forged one of the world’s most unusual empires. The largest empire in the pre-Columbian Americas, without a written language, the wheel, or money and one of the only empires to stretch upwards rather than across. In this video, we will look at how the Inca rose to power from unknown origins and dominated their region.
The script was developed and the video was created by our good friend Cogito Check out his channel for more historical content: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKMnl27hDMKvch--noWe5CA/
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1z0LC0-YNH0DYIfvViJb2H0P0uDMvMDT9B-zgWNAYOYo
This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/user/OfficiallyDevin)
✔ Merch store ► https://teespring.com/stores/kingsandgenerals
✔ Patreon ► https://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals
✔ PayPal ► http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
✔ Twitch ► https://www.twitch.tv/nurrrik_phoenix
✔ Twitter ► https://twitter.com/KingsGenerals
✔ Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/KingsGenerals
✔ Instagram ►http://www.instagram.com/Kings_Generals
Sources:
Terence D'Altroy - The IncasGordon
F. McEwan - The Inca New PerspectivesNigel Davies - The Inca
Kim MacQuarrie - The Last Days of the Inca
John Hemmings - The Conquest of the IncasProductionMusic courtesy of EpidemicSound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
Songs used by Derek and Brandon Fiechter (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjMZjGhrFq_4llVS_x2XJ_w)
TribalJungle Music - Inca Empire
Tribal Jungle Music - Inca KingEpic Jungle Music - Jaws of the Jaguar
Tribal Jungle Music - Macchu Picchu

Andean civilizations

The Andean civilizations made up a loose patchwork of different cultures that developed from the highlands of Colombia to the Atacama Desert. They are mainly based on the cultures of Ancient Peru and some others such as Tiahuanaco. The Inca Empire was the last sovereign political entity that emerged from the Andean civilizations before conquest by Spaniards. Tahuantinsuyo was a patchwork of languages, cultures and peoples. The components of the empire were not all uniformly loyal, nor were the local cultures all fully integrated. For example, the Chimú used money in their commerce, while the Inca empire as a whole had an economy based on exchange and taxation of luxury goods and labor, and it is said that Inca tax collectors would take the head lice of the lame and old as a symbolic tribute. The portions of the Chachapoya that had been conquered were almost openly hostile to the Inca, and the Inca nobles rejected an offer of refuge in their kingdom after their troubles with the Spanish.

National Geographic (magazine)

National Geographic, formerly The National Geographic Magazine, is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society. It has been published continuously since its first issue in 1888, nine months after the Society itself was founded. It primarily contains articles about geography, history, and world culture. The magazine is known for its thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border and its extensive use of dramatic photographs.

The magazine is published monthly, and additional map supplements are also included with subscriptions. It is available in a traditional printed edition and through an interactive online edition. On occasion, special editions of the magazine are issued.

As of 2015, the magazine is circulated worldwide in nearly 40 local-language editions and had a global circulation of 6.8 million per month. Its U.S. circulation is around 3.5 million per month.

Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu (in hispanicized spelling, Spanish pronunciation:[ˈmatʃu ˈpiktʃu]) or Machu Pikchu (Quechuamachu old, old person, pikchu peak; mountain or prominence with a broad base which ends in sharp peaks, "old peak", pronunciation [ˈmɑtʃu ˈpixtʃu]) is a 15th-century Inca site located 2,430 metres (7,970ft)above sea level. It is located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Machupicchu District in Peru.

It is situated on a mountain ridge above the Sacred Valley which is 80 kilometres (50mi) northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472). Often mistakenly referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas" (a title more accurately applied to Vilcabamba), it is the most familiar icon of Inca civilization.

The Incas built the estate around 1450, but abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Although known locally, it was not known to the Spanish during the colonial period and remained unknown to the outside world before being brought to international attention in 1911 by the American historian Hiram Bingham. Most of the outlying buildings have been reconstructed in order to give tourists a better idea of what the structures originally looked like. By 1976, 30% of Machu Picchu had been restored; restoration continues today.

From 1438 to 1533, the Incas used a variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean mountain ranges, including, besides Peru, large parts of modern Ecuador, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, north and central Chile, and a small part of southern Colombia into a state comparable to the historical empires of Eurasia. The official language of the empire was Quechua, although hundreds of local languages and dialects of Quechua were spoken. Many local forms of worship persisted in the empire, most of them concerning local sacred Huacas, but the Inca leadership encouraged the worship of Inti—their sun god—and imposed its sovereignty above other cults such as that of Pachamama. The Incas considered their king, the Sapa Inca, to be the "son of the sun."

Inca (schooner)

The Inca was "the first true five-masted schooner built on the West Coast."

Inca, "the second of her rig built on the Pacific, was launched at Port Blakely by Hall Bros. in 1896."

Launching

"The Inca, because of its size and rig, had attracted considerable attention during the progress of its construction and when the time set for launching arrived a large crowd of people was present in the shipyards. The Port Blakeley schools were closed so that the pupils might attend the exercises incident to launching. Little Miss Melusina Thornton, the nine-year-old daughter of Chief Engineer Thornton of the steamer Sarah Renton, christened the new boat as it slipped into the water a few minutes before 11 o'clock on the morning of November 11, 1896."

The Secrets Of The Incas - Part 1 of 2 (Ancient Civilization Documentary) | Timeline

The Secrets Of The Incas - Part 1 of 2 (Ancient Civilization Documentary) | Timeline

The Secrets Of The Incas - Part 1 of 2 (Ancient Civilization Documentary) | Timeline

Check out our new website for more incredible history documentaries: HD and ad-free. http://bit.ly/2O6zUsK
On 15th November 1532, when the Spanish Conquistadors climbed high into the Andes on a mission to conquer the Inca people, 170 Spaniards met a force of 40,000 Incas. In the first of this two-part series, Dr William Sullivan examines why Andean civilisation could possibly have been conquered as a result of this battle and why a clash of cultural beliefs could have caused the downfall of the largest nation state to have ever existed in the western hemisphere.
In one of the strangest events in all recorded history, Spaniards after adventure, fortune and power, to their own amazement seized this seemingly infallible empire. What the Spaniards never knew, however, and what history does not record, was that the Andean people had been aware of the imminence of this event for some 100 years through a complex and systematic charting of the stars.
The IncaEmpire at its peak was the largest kingdom on EarthThe Incas were master builders, fearsome warriors and practitioners of human sacrifice. Yet this mighty state was conquered by a small band of Spanish adventurers. 7000 men were killed and 10,000 injured. But how could the Incas let this happen? The Secret Of The Incas tells the story of one man’s search to unlock one of the world’s great mysteries. Anthropologist Bill Sullivan found the answer in the myths handed down from generation to generation of Incas and finally to Jesuit priests. The Incas were fine astrologists and believed events in the stars paralleled events on earth, only 100 years hence. During the reign of the first Inca, they foretold the end of Inca civilisation in 1532 – the year the Spanish invaded. The Incas’ tragic secret was that they believed they were doomed – and that resistance was futile.
Want to watch more full-length Documentaries?
Click here: goo.gl/zCIIDC
Content licensed from Digital RightsGroup (DRG).
Produced by Boa PictureCompanyLTD.

Best Documentary 2017 Ancient Inca | Secrets of the Ancestors History Documentary Channel

Machu Picchu Decoded (Full Documentary)

A National Geographic documentary about the fascinating and mysterious pre-Columbian Inca lost city of Machu Picchu. Deep in the Andean mountains lays a mysterious ruin named Machu Picchu. For 400 years it sat abandoned on its misty cliff, the quintessential lost city in the jungle. Rediscovered in 1911, it contained no written records or carvings, nothing that could shed light on its history. For a century since, it has defied the endless scores of visitors and scientists who attempted to understand its purpose. Who were the mysterious people who built it and why did they build it here? Today an international team of archeologists, engineers and scientists are finally piecing together the clues. Together they are discovering astonishing new burials, revealing the intricacies of its ingenious engineering and finally decoding the secrets of Machu Picchu.

4:51

25 Incredible Things About The Incas That Will Astonish You

25 Incredible Things About The Incas That Will Astonish You

25 Incredible Things About The Incas That Will Astonish You

It was the largest pre-Colombian civilization in the Americas and it sprawled a distance of 5,230 km (3,250 miles) or approximately the distance between New York and San Francisco. With millions of citizens the Incas constructed tens of thousands of kilometers of roads through some of the harshest terrain on Earth yet never discovered the wheel. Get ready because these are 25 incredible things the Incas did that will astonish you!
Follow us on:
Twitter: https://twitter.com/list25
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/list25
Website: http://list25.com
Instagram: https://instagram.com/list25/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/list25/
Check out the physical list at - http://list25.com/25-incredible-things-about-the-incas-that-will-astonish-you/
Preview:
Although the Inca were the largest pre-Colombian American empire, they lacked a written language
For this reason (lack of census records) estimates of their size has varied ranging from 4 million people to nearly 40 million
The Incas practiced something known as skull deformation. Basically they wrapped cloth around the heads of their kids so that they would elongate.
Some of their kings would only wear their clothes once and then burn them
In spite of the fact that they built over 30,000 km of road, they never developed or discovered the wheel
Mail was delivered along this network of roads by way of messengers who would hand mail off to each other using a sort of relay system
Since there was no writing system the messengers had to memorize the messages!
The Incas introduced the world to potatoes via the Spanish conquistadors
In fact, nearly a quarter of Europe's growth between the 1700s and the 1900s was attributed to the introduction of this crop
The Incas constructed buildings without mortar. Basically the huge stones they used fit together so perfectly and tightly that nothing could get between them.
and more...

Machu Picchu 101 | National Geographic

Machu Picchu is a testament to the power and ingenuity of the Inca empire. Built without the use of mortar, metal tools, or the wheel, Machu Picchu stands as an archaeological wonder of the ancient world. But why was it built—and deserted?
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
OfficialSite: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
Machu Picchu 101 | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/cnMa-Sm9H4k
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

7:32

The Ancient Inca Temple Of Cusco: Sonic And Energy Fields

The Ancient Inca Temple Of Cusco: Sonic And Energy Fields

The Ancient Inca Temple Of Cusco: Sonic And Energy Fields

Join us on tour:
September 2014: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
October 2014: http://megalithomania.co.uk/peru2014.html
The Coricancha in Cusco is believed by many archaeologists to be the first building that the Inca ever made. The problem with that theory is that it is also the FINEST they ever made. It is my belief that this building predates the Inca by thousands of years, made by a mysterious people called the Piuhuas or Viracochans.
Join us in September and experience this: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
Or in October: http://www.megalithomania.co.uk/peru2014.html

3:39

Threads That Speak: How The Inca Used Strings to Communicate | National Geographic

Threads That Speak: How The Inca Used Strings to Communicate | National Geographic

Threads That Speak: How The Inca Used Strings to Communicate | National Geographic

One of the great mysteries of ancient Peru is that the Inca did not have a system of writing, but communicated with a system of strings tied with knots. For the first time, centuries-old knotted textile accounting records known as quipus were found buried with well-preserved organic material. They were found at the archaeological site of Incahuasi, the base of operations for the Inca expansion along Peru’s southern coast.
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
OfficialSite: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
The IncaEmpire stretched from Colombia to central Chile and ruled more than 12 million people. They built organized cities and advanced road systems, yet they had no system of hieroglyphic writing, as the Maya did. Instead, they communicated via a system of knotted textile strings known as quipus. Deciphering how to read the quipus has become one of the great mysteries of ancient Peru.
At the site of Incahuasi in the CañeteValley, archaeologists have found—for the first time—dozens of quipus buried alongside centuries-old produce. They appear to have been used for accounting in agricultural storage houses to record the amount of wood, beans, corn, chili peppers, and other items moving throughout the complex. Six-hundred-year-old beans are so well-preserved in this dry valley that they look like dried beans you would see in a market today. Archaeologists found beans and other produce so they knew they were excavating storerooms, and then they found knots.
National Geographic explorer AlejandroChu explains that this is significant for quipu scholars because new discoveries could help bring them closer to understanding what the accounting records mean. “Usually you find quipus related to offerings, or funerary bundles in tombs. They are left and totally disconnected from their real use,” Chu says. “One of the main reasons why the discovery of quipus in Incahuasi is amazing is because it’s one of the first times we're finding them in their original context. They are in the places where they were used.”
Quipus are made of a cotton or wool strings hanging from a main cord. The knots on the strings convey meaning through their location, direction, and type. Researchers already have a basic understanding of the numerical system incorporated in the quipus, where knots represent numbers. The hope is to move beyond mathematical operations to understanding non-numerical words or phrases from the agricultural product inventories. It is a whole new body of data to add to the Quipu Database Project and to understanding this interesting form of communication.
Incahuasi, or “House of the Inca,” is an important and strategic Inca city. It served as the agricultural base of operations and administrative center for the Inca expansion along southern coast in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. It transformed the valley into a thriving, productive area. In two archaeological excavation seasons led by Chu, the team has already found almost 70 quipus, and most of the vast storeroom complex at the site is yet to be excavated.
GlobalXplorer° is a cutting-edge platform that empowers citizen scientists around the world to help reduce looting and encroachment at important archaeological sites—as well as discover and protect unknown sites—using satellite imagery. Find out how you can become part of the GlobalXplorer° community and make a difference, beginning with our first expedition in Peru, at GlobalXplorer.org.
http://www.globalxplorer.org
Read more about the discovery of quipus in Incahuasi:
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/world/americas/untangling-an-accounting-tool-and-an-ancient-incan-mystery.html
Learn about the Quipu Database Project: http://khipukamayuq.fas.harvard.edu/Researchers.html
SeniorProducer: Sarah Joseph
Producer: Carolyn Barnwell
Editor: DaveNathanDirector of Photography: Juan AntonioPuyolExecutive Producer: Vanessa Serrao
Threads That Speak: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Inca | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/AmPyz1kCbOw
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

Rise of the Incan Empire

On the edge of WesternSouth America, wedged between the Earth’s driest desert, largest rainforest, and second highest mountain range lay a sprawling empire. The Inca through ingenious engineering and strict central planning forged one of the world’s most unusual empires. The largest empire in the pre-Columbian Americas, without a written language, the wheel, or money and one of the only empires to stretch upwards rather than across. In this video, we will look at how the Inca rose to power from unknown origins and dominated their region.
The script was developed and the video was created by our good friend Cogito Check out his channel for more historical content: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKMnl27hDMKvch--noWe5CA/
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1z0LC0-YNH0DYIfvViJb2H0P0uDMvMDT9B-zgWNAYOYo
This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/user/OfficiallyDevin)
✔ Merch store ► https://teespring.com/stores/kingsandgenerals
✔ Patreon ► https://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals
✔ PayPal ► http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
✔ Twitch ► https://www.twitch.tv/nurrrik_phoenix
✔ Twitter ► https://twitter.com/KingsGenerals
✔ Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/KingsGenerals
✔ Instagram ►http://www.instagram.com/Kings_Generals
Sources:
Terence D'Altroy - The IncasGordon
F. McEwan - The Inca New PerspectivesNigel Davies - The Inca
Kim MacQuarrie - The Last Days of the Inca
John Hemmings - The Conquest of the IncasProductionMusic courtesy of EpidemicSound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
Songs used by Derek and Brandon Fiechter (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjMZjGhrFq_4llVS_x2XJ_w)
TribalJungle Music - Inca Empire
Tribal Jungle Music - Inca KingEpic Jungle Music - Jaws of the Jaguar
Tribal Jungle Music - Macchu Picchu

The Secrets Of The Incas - Part 1 of 2 (Ancient Civilization Documentary) | Timeline

Check out our new website for more incredible history documentaries: HD and ad-free. http://bit.ly/2O6zUsK
On 15th November 1532, when the Spanish Conquistadors climbed high into the Andes on a mission to conquer the Inca people, 170 Spaniards met a force of 40,000 Incas. In the first of this two-part series, Dr William Sullivan examines why Andean civilisation could possibly have been conquered as a result of this battle and why a clash of cultural beliefs could have caused the downfall of the largest nation state to have ever existed in the western hemisphere.
In one of the strangest events in all recorded history, Spaniards after adventure, fortune and power, to their own amazement seized this seemingly infallible empire. What the Spaniards never knew, however, and what history does n...

Best Documentary 2017 Ancient Inca | Secrets of the Ancestors History Documentary Channel

Machu Picchu Decoded (Full Documentary)

A National Geographic documentary about the fascinating and mysterious pre-Columbian Inca lost city of Machu Picchu. Deep in the Andean mountains lays a mysterious ruin named Machu Picchu. For 400 years it sat abandoned on its misty cliff, the quintessential lost city in the jungle. Rediscovered in 1911, it contained no written records or carvings, nothing that could shed light on its history. For a century since, it has defied the endless scores of visitors and scientists who attempted to understand its purpose. Who were the mysterious people who built it and why did they build it here? Today an international team of archeologists, engineers and scientists are finally piecing together the clues. Together they are discovering astonishing new burials, revealing the intricacies of its ingeni...

published: 06 Nov 2017

25 Incredible Things About The Incas That Will Astonish You

It was the largest pre-Colombian civilization in the Americas and it sprawled a distance of 5,230 km (3,250 miles) or approximately the distance between New York and San Francisco. With millions of citizens the Incas constructed tens of thousands of kilometers of roads through some of the harshest terrain on Earth yet never discovered the wheel. Get ready because these are 25 incredible things the Incas did that will astonish you!
Follow us on:
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Website: http://list25.com
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Check out the physical list at - http://list25.com/25-incredible-things-about-the-incas-that-will-astonish-you/
Preview:
Although the Inca were the largest p...

Machu Picchu 101 | National Geographic

Machu Picchu is a testament to the power and ingenuity of the Inca empire. Built without the use of mortar, metal tools, or the wheel, Machu Picchu stands as an archaeological wonder of the ancient world. But why was it built—and deserted?
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
OfficialSite: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
Machu Picchu 101 | National Geograp...

published: 02 Sep 2017

The Ancient Inca Temple Of Cusco: Sonic And Energy Fields

Join us on tour:
September 2014: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
October 2014: http://megalithomania.co.uk/peru2014.html
The Coricancha in Cusco is believed by many archaeologists to be the first building that the Inca ever made. The problem with that theory is that it is also the FINEST they ever made. It is my belief that this building predates the Inca by thousands of years, made by a mysterious people called the Piuhuas or Viracochans.
Join us in September and experience this: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
Or in October: http://www.megalithomania.co.uk/peru2014.html

published: 27 Mar 2014

Threads That Speak: How The Inca Used Strings to Communicate | National Geographic

One of the great mysteries of ancient Peru is that the Inca did not have a system of writing, but communicated with a system of strings tied with knots. For the first time, centuries-old knotted textile accounting records known as quipus were found buried with well-preserved organic material. They were found at the archaeological site of Incahuasi, the base of operations for the Inca expansion along Peru’s southern coast.
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
Offic...

published: 10 Mar 2017

Cusco Travel Guide | The Ancient Inca Capital of Peru

Some say Cusco is the Rome of the Americas and to be honest...we'd have to agree. JoinAlex and Marko, the Vagabrothers, and explore the ancient Inca capital in the Andes. Cusco is one of the coolest cities in South America and it's time to travel!
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published: 07 Dec 2017

Rise of the Incan Empire

On the edge of WesternSouth America, wedged between the Earth’s driest desert, largest rainforest, and second highest mountain range lay a sprawling empire. The Inca through ingenious engineering and strict central planning forged one of the world’s most unusual empires. The largest empire in the pre-Columbian Americas, without a written language, the wheel, or money and one of the only empires to stretch upwards rather than across. In this video, we will look at how the Inca rose to power from unknown origins and dominated their region.
The script was developed and the video was created by our good friend Cogito Check out his channel for more historical content: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKMnl27hDMKvch--noWe5CA/
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or...

Check out our new website for more incredible history documentaries: HD and ad-free. http://bit.ly/2O6zUsK
On 15th November 1532, when the Spanish Conquistadors climbed high into the Andes on a mission to conquer the Inca people, 170 Spaniards met a force of 40,000 Incas. In the first of this two-part series, Dr William Sullivan examines why Andean civilisation could possibly have been conquered as a result of this battle and why a clash of cultural beliefs could have caused the downfall of the largest nation state to have ever existed in the western hemisphere.
In one of the strangest events in all recorded history, Spaniards after adventure, fortune and power, to their own amazement seized this seemingly infallible empire. What the Spaniards never knew, however, and what history does not record, was that the Andean people had been aware of the imminence of this event for some 100 years through a complex and systematic charting of the stars.
The IncaEmpire at its peak was the largest kingdom on EarthThe Incas were master builders, fearsome warriors and practitioners of human sacrifice. Yet this mighty state was conquered by a small band of Spanish adventurers. 7000 men were killed and 10,000 injured. But how could the Incas let this happen? The Secret Of The Incas tells the story of one man’s search to unlock one of the world’s great mysteries. Anthropologist Bill Sullivan found the answer in the myths handed down from generation to generation of Incas and finally to Jesuit priests. The Incas were fine astrologists and believed events in the stars paralleled events on earth, only 100 years hence. During the reign of the first Inca, they foretold the end of Inca civilisation in 1532 – the year the Spanish invaded. The Incas’ tragic secret was that they believed they were doomed – and that resistance was futile.
Want to watch more full-length Documentaries?
Click here: goo.gl/zCIIDC
Content licensed from Digital RightsGroup (DRG).
Produced by Boa PictureCompanyLTD.

Check out our new website for more incredible history documentaries: HD and ad-free. http://bit.ly/2O6zUsK
On 15th November 1532, when the Spanish Conquistadors climbed high into the Andes on a mission to conquer the Inca people, 170 Spaniards met a force of 40,000 Incas. In the first of this two-part series, Dr William Sullivan examines why Andean civilisation could possibly have been conquered as a result of this battle and why a clash of cultural beliefs could have caused the downfall of the largest nation state to have ever existed in the western hemisphere.
In one of the strangest events in all recorded history, Spaniards after adventure, fortune and power, to their own amazement seized this seemingly infallible empire. What the Spaniards never knew, however, and what history does not record, was that the Andean people had been aware of the imminence of this event for some 100 years through a complex and systematic charting of the stars.
The IncaEmpire at its peak was the largest kingdom on EarthThe Incas were master builders, fearsome warriors and practitioners of human sacrifice. Yet this mighty state was conquered by a small band of Spanish adventurers. 7000 men were killed and 10,000 injured. But how could the Incas let this happen? The Secret Of The Incas tells the story of one man’s search to unlock one of the world’s great mysteries. Anthropologist Bill Sullivan found the answer in the myths handed down from generation to generation of Incas and finally to Jesuit priests. The Incas were fine astrologists and believed events in the stars paralleled events on earth, only 100 years hence. During the reign of the first Inca, they foretold the end of Inca civilisation in 1532 – the year the Spanish invaded. The Incas’ tragic secret was that they believed they were doomed – and that resistance was futile.
Want to watch more full-length Documentaries?
Click here: goo.gl/zCIIDC
Content licensed from Digital RightsGroup (DRG).
Produced by Boa PictureCompanyLTD.

A National Geographic documentary about the fascinating and mysterious pre-Columbian Inca lost city of Machu Picchu. Deep in the Andean mountains lays a mysterious ruin named Machu Picchu. For 400 years it sat abandoned on its misty cliff, the quintessential lost city in the jungle. Rediscovered in 1911, it contained no written records or carvings, nothing that could shed light on its history. For a century since, it has defied the endless scores of visitors and scientists who attempted to understand its purpose. Who were the mysterious people who built it and why did they build it here? Today an international team of archeologists, engineers and scientists are finally piecing together the clues. Together they are discovering astonishing new burials, revealing the intricacies of its ingenious engineering and finally decoding the secrets of Machu Picchu.

A National Geographic documentary about the fascinating and mysterious pre-Columbian Inca lost city of Machu Picchu. Deep in the Andean mountains lays a mysterious ruin named Machu Picchu. For 400 years it sat abandoned on its misty cliff, the quintessential lost city in the jungle. Rediscovered in 1911, it contained no written records or carvings, nothing that could shed light on its history. For a century since, it has defied the endless scores of visitors and scientists who attempted to understand its purpose. Who were the mysterious people who built it and why did they build it here? Today an international team of archeologists, engineers and scientists are finally piecing together the clues. Together they are discovering astonishing new burials, revealing the intricacies of its ingenious engineering and finally decoding the secrets of Machu Picchu.

25 Incredible Things About The Incas That Will Astonish You

It was the largest pre-Colombian civilization in the Americas and it sprawled a distance of 5,230 km (3,250 miles) or approximately the distance between New Yor...

It was the largest pre-Colombian civilization in the Americas and it sprawled a distance of 5,230 km (3,250 miles) or approximately the distance between New York and San Francisco. With millions of citizens the Incas constructed tens of thousands of kilometers of roads through some of the harshest terrain on Earth yet never discovered the wheel. Get ready because these are 25 incredible things the Incas did that will astonish you!
Follow us on:
Twitter: https://twitter.com/list25
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/list25
Website: http://list25.com
Instagram: https://instagram.com/list25/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/list25/
Check out the physical list at - http://list25.com/25-incredible-things-about-the-incas-that-will-astonish-you/
Preview:
Although the Inca were the largest pre-Colombian American empire, they lacked a written language
For this reason (lack of census records) estimates of their size has varied ranging from 4 million people to nearly 40 million
The Incas practiced something known as skull deformation. Basically they wrapped cloth around the heads of their kids so that they would elongate.
Some of their kings would only wear their clothes once and then burn them
In spite of the fact that they built over 30,000 km of road, they never developed or discovered the wheel
Mail was delivered along this network of roads by way of messengers who would hand mail off to each other using a sort of relay system
Since there was no writing system the messengers had to memorize the messages!
The Incas introduced the world to potatoes via the Spanish conquistadors
In fact, nearly a quarter of Europe's growth between the 1700s and the 1900s was attributed to the introduction of this crop
The Incas constructed buildings without mortar. Basically the huge stones they used fit together so perfectly and tightly that nothing could get between them.
and more...

It was the largest pre-Colombian civilization in the Americas and it sprawled a distance of 5,230 km (3,250 miles) or approximately the distance between New York and San Francisco. With millions of citizens the Incas constructed tens of thousands of kilometers of roads through some of the harshest terrain on Earth yet never discovered the wheel. Get ready because these are 25 incredible things the Incas did that will astonish you!
Follow us on:
Twitter: https://twitter.com/list25
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/list25
Website: http://list25.com
Instagram: https://instagram.com/list25/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/list25/
Check out the physical list at - http://list25.com/25-incredible-things-about-the-incas-that-will-astonish-you/
Preview:
Although the Inca were the largest pre-Colombian American empire, they lacked a written language
For this reason (lack of census records) estimates of their size has varied ranging from 4 million people to nearly 40 million
The Incas practiced something known as skull deformation. Basically they wrapped cloth around the heads of their kids so that they would elongate.
Some of their kings would only wear their clothes once and then burn them
In spite of the fact that they built over 30,000 km of road, they never developed or discovered the wheel
Mail was delivered along this network of roads by way of messengers who would hand mail off to each other using a sort of relay system
Since there was no writing system the messengers had to memorize the messages!
The Incas introduced the world to potatoes via the Spanish conquistadors
In fact, nearly a quarter of Europe's growth between the 1700s and the 1900s was attributed to the introduction of this crop
The Incas constructed buildings without mortar. Basically the huge stones they used fit together so perfectly and tightly that nothing could get between them.
and more...

Machu Picchu 101 | National Geographic

Machu Picchu is a testament to the power and ingenuity of the Inca empire. Built without the use of mortar, metal tools, or the wheel, Machu Picchu stands as an...

Machu Picchu is a testament to the power and ingenuity of the Inca empire. Built without the use of mortar, metal tools, or the wheel, Machu Picchu stands as an archaeological wonder of the ancient world. But why was it built—and deserted?
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
OfficialSite: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
Machu Picchu 101 | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/cnMa-Sm9H4k
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

Machu Picchu is a testament to the power and ingenuity of the Inca empire. Built without the use of mortar, metal tools, or the wheel, Machu Picchu stands as an archaeological wonder of the ancient world. But why was it built—and deserted?
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
OfficialSite: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
Machu Picchu 101 | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/cnMa-Sm9H4k
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

Join us on tour:
September 2014: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
October 2014: http://megalithomania.co.uk/peru2014.html
The Coricancha in Cusco is believed by many archaeologists to be the first building that the Inca ever made. The problem with that theory is that it is also the FINEST they ever made. It is my belief that this building predates the Inca by thousands of years, made by a mysterious people called the Piuhuas or Viracochans.
Join us in September and experience this: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
Or in October: http://www.megalithomania.co.uk/peru2014.html

Join us on tour:
September 2014: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
October 2014: http://megalithomania.co.uk/peru2014.html
The Coricancha in Cusco is believed by many archaeologists to be the first building that the Inca ever made. The problem with that theory is that it is also the FINEST they ever made. It is my belief that this building predates the Inca by thousands of years, made by a mysterious people called the Piuhuas or Viracochans.
Join us in September and experience this: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
Or in October: http://www.megalithomania.co.uk/peru2014.html

Threads That Speak: How The Inca Used Strings to Communicate | National Geographic

One of the great mysteries of ancient Peru is that the Inca did not have a system of writing, but communicated with a system of strings tied with knots. For the...

One of the great mysteries of ancient Peru is that the Inca did not have a system of writing, but communicated with a system of strings tied with knots. For the first time, centuries-old knotted textile accounting records known as quipus were found buried with well-preserved organic material. They were found at the archaeological site of Incahuasi, the base of operations for the Inca expansion along Peru’s southern coast.
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
OfficialSite: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
The IncaEmpire stretched from Colombia to central Chile and ruled more than 12 million people. They built organized cities and advanced road systems, yet they had no system of hieroglyphic writing, as the Maya did. Instead, they communicated via a system of knotted textile strings known as quipus. Deciphering how to read the quipus has become one of the great mysteries of ancient Peru.
At the site of Incahuasi in the CañeteValley, archaeologists have found—for the first time—dozens of quipus buried alongside centuries-old produce. They appear to have been used for accounting in agricultural storage houses to record the amount of wood, beans, corn, chili peppers, and other items moving throughout the complex. Six-hundred-year-old beans are so well-preserved in this dry valley that they look like dried beans you would see in a market today. Archaeologists found beans and other produce so they knew they were excavating storerooms, and then they found knots.
National Geographic explorer AlejandroChu explains that this is significant for quipu scholars because new discoveries could help bring them closer to understanding what the accounting records mean. “Usually you find quipus related to offerings, or funerary bundles in tombs. They are left and totally disconnected from their real use,” Chu says. “One of the main reasons why the discovery of quipus in Incahuasi is amazing is because it’s one of the first times we're finding them in their original context. They are in the places where they were used.”
Quipus are made of a cotton or wool strings hanging from a main cord. The knots on the strings convey meaning through their location, direction, and type. Researchers already have a basic understanding of the numerical system incorporated in the quipus, where knots represent numbers. The hope is to move beyond mathematical operations to understanding non-numerical words or phrases from the agricultural product inventories. It is a whole new body of data to add to the Quipu Database Project and to understanding this interesting form of communication.
Incahuasi, or “House of the Inca,” is an important and strategic Inca city. It served as the agricultural base of operations and administrative center for the Inca expansion along southern coast in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. It transformed the valley into a thriving, productive area. In two archaeological excavation seasons led by Chu, the team has already found almost 70 quipus, and most of the vast storeroom complex at the site is yet to be excavated.
GlobalXplorer° is a cutting-edge platform that empowers citizen scientists around the world to help reduce looting and encroachment at important archaeological sites—as well as discover and protect unknown sites—using satellite imagery. Find out how you can become part of the GlobalXplorer° community and make a difference, beginning with our first expedition in Peru, at GlobalXplorer.org.
http://www.globalxplorer.org
Read more about the discovery of quipus in Incahuasi:
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/world/americas/untangling-an-accounting-tool-and-an-ancient-incan-mystery.html
Learn about the Quipu Database Project: http://khipukamayuq.fas.harvard.edu/Researchers.html
SeniorProducer: Sarah Joseph
Producer: Carolyn Barnwell
Editor: DaveNathanDirector of Photography: Juan AntonioPuyolExecutive Producer: Vanessa Serrao
Threads That Speak: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Inca | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/AmPyz1kCbOw
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

One of the great mysteries of ancient Peru is that the Inca did not have a system of writing, but communicated with a system of strings tied with knots. For the first time, centuries-old knotted textile accounting records known as quipus were found buried with well-preserved organic material. They were found at the archaeological site of Incahuasi, the base of operations for the Inca expansion along Peru’s southern coast.
➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe
About National Geographic:
National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
Get More National Geographic:
OfficialSite: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite
Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo
Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter
Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta
The IncaEmpire stretched from Colombia to central Chile and ruled more than 12 million people. They built organized cities and advanced road systems, yet they had no system of hieroglyphic writing, as the Maya did. Instead, they communicated via a system of knotted textile strings known as quipus. Deciphering how to read the quipus has become one of the great mysteries of ancient Peru.
At the site of Incahuasi in the CañeteValley, archaeologists have found—for the first time—dozens of quipus buried alongside centuries-old produce. They appear to have been used for accounting in agricultural storage houses to record the amount of wood, beans, corn, chili peppers, and other items moving throughout the complex. Six-hundred-year-old beans are so well-preserved in this dry valley that they look like dried beans you would see in a market today. Archaeologists found beans and other produce so they knew they were excavating storerooms, and then they found knots.
National Geographic explorer AlejandroChu explains that this is significant for quipu scholars because new discoveries could help bring them closer to understanding what the accounting records mean. “Usually you find quipus related to offerings, or funerary bundles in tombs. They are left and totally disconnected from their real use,” Chu says. “One of the main reasons why the discovery of quipus in Incahuasi is amazing is because it’s one of the first times we're finding them in their original context. They are in the places where they were used.”
Quipus are made of a cotton or wool strings hanging from a main cord. The knots on the strings convey meaning through their location, direction, and type. Researchers already have a basic understanding of the numerical system incorporated in the quipus, where knots represent numbers. The hope is to move beyond mathematical operations to understanding non-numerical words or phrases from the agricultural product inventories. It is a whole new body of data to add to the Quipu Database Project and to understanding this interesting form of communication.
Incahuasi, or “House of the Inca,” is an important and strategic Inca city. It served as the agricultural base of operations and administrative center for the Inca expansion along southern coast in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. It transformed the valley into a thriving, productive area. In two archaeological excavation seasons led by Chu, the team has already found almost 70 quipus, and most of the vast storeroom complex at the site is yet to be excavated.
GlobalXplorer° is a cutting-edge platform that empowers citizen scientists around the world to help reduce looting and encroachment at important archaeological sites—as well as discover and protect unknown sites—using satellite imagery. Find out how you can become part of the GlobalXplorer° community and make a difference, beginning with our first expedition in Peru, at GlobalXplorer.org.
http://www.globalxplorer.org
Read more about the discovery of quipus in Incahuasi:
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/world/americas/untangling-an-accounting-tool-and-an-ancient-incan-mystery.html
Learn about the Quipu Database Project: http://khipukamayuq.fas.harvard.edu/Researchers.html
SeniorProducer: Sarah Joseph
Producer: Carolyn Barnwell
Editor: DaveNathanDirector of Photography: Juan AntonioPuyolExecutive Producer: Vanessa Serrao
Threads That Speak: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Inca | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/AmPyz1kCbOw
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

Rise of the Incan Empire

On the edge of WesternSouth America, wedged between the Earth’s driest desert, largest rainforest, and second highest mountain range lay a sprawling empire. Th...

On the edge of WesternSouth America, wedged between the Earth’s driest desert, largest rainforest, and second highest mountain range lay a sprawling empire. The Inca through ingenious engineering and strict central planning forged one of the world’s most unusual empires. The largest empire in the pre-Columbian Americas, without a written language, the wheel, or money and one of the only empires to stretch upwards rather than across. In this video, we will look at how the Inca rose to power from unknown origins and dominated their region.
The script was developed and the video was created by our good friend Cogito Check out his channel for more historical content: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKMnl27hDMKvch--noWe5CA/
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1z0LC0-YNH0DYIfvViJb2H0P0uDMvMDT9B-zgWNAYOYo
This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/user/OfficiallyDevin)
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Sources:
Terence D'Altroy - The IncasGordon
F. McEwan - The Inca New PerspectivesNigel Davies - The Inca
Kim MacQuarrie - The Last Days of the Inca
John Hemmings - The Conquest of the IncasProductionMusic courtesy of EpidemicSound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
Songs used by Derek and Brandon Fiechter (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjMZjGhrFq_4llVS_x2XJ_w)
TribalJungle Music - Inca Empire
Tribal Jungle Music - Inca KingEpic Jungle Music - Jaws of the Jaguar
Tribal Jungle Music - Macchu Picchu

On the edge of WesternSouth America, wedged between the Earth’s driest desert, largest rainforest, and second highest mountain range lay a sprawling empire. The Inca through ingenious engineering and strict central planning forged one of the world’s most unusual empires. The largest empire in the pre-Columbian Americas, without a written language, the wheel, or money and one of the only empires to stretch upwards rather than across. In this video, we will look at how the Inca rose to power from unknown origins and dominated their region.
The script was developed and the video was created by our good friend Cogito Check out his channel for more historical content: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKMnl27hDMKvch--noWe5CA/
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1z0LC0-YNH0DYIfvViJb2H0P0uDMvMDT9B-zgWNAYOYo
This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/user/OfficiallyDevin)
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Sources:
Terence D'Altroy - The IncasGordon
F. McEwan - The Inca New PerspectivesNigel Davies - The Inca
Kim MacQuarrie - The Last Days of the Inca
John Hemmings - The Conquest of the IncasProductionMusic courtesy of EpidemicSound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
Songs used by Derek and Brandon Fiechter (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjMZjGhrFq_4llVS_x2XJ_w)
TribalJungle Music - Inca Empire
Tribal Jungle Music - Inca KingEpic Jungle Music - Jaws of the Jaguar
Tribal Jungle Music - Macchu Picchu

The Secrets Of The Incas - Part 1 of 2 (Ancient Civilization Documentary) | Timeline

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On 15th November 1532, when the Spanish Conquistadors climbed high into the Andes on a mission to conquer the Inca people, 170 Spaniards met a force of 40,000 Incas. In the first of this two-part series, Dr William Sullivan examines why Andean civilisation could possibly have been conquered as a result of this battle and why a clash of cultural beliefs could have caused the downfall of the largest nation state to have ever existed in the western hemisphere.
In one of the strangest events in all recorded history, Spaniards after adventure, fortune and power, to their own amazement seized this seemingly infallible empire. What the Spaniards never knew, however, and what history does not record, was that the Andean people had been aware of the imminence of this event for some 100 years through a complex and systematic charting of the stars.
The IncaEmpire at its peak was the largest kingdom on EarthThe Incas were master builders, fearsome warriors and practitioners of human sacrifice. Yet this mighty state was conquered by a small band of Spanish adventurers. 7000 men were killed and 10,000 injured. But how could the Incas let this happen? The Secret Of The Incas tells the story of one man’s search to unlock one of the world’s great mysteries. Anthropologist Bill Sullivan found the answer in the myths handed down from generation to generation of Incas and finally to Jesuit priests. The Incas were fine astrologists and believed events in the stars paralleled events on earth, only 100 years hence. During the reign of the first Inca, they foretold the end of Inca civilisation in 1532 – the year the Spanish invaded. The Incas’ tragic secret was that they believed they were doomed – and that resistance was futile.
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Machu Picchu Decoded (Full Documentary)

A National Geographic documentary about the fascinating and mysterious pre-Columbian Inca lost city of Machu Picchu. Deep in the Andean mountains lays a mysterious ruin named Machu Picchu. For 400 years it sat abandoned on its misty cliff, the quintessential lost city in the jungle. Rediscovered in 1911, it contained no written records or carvings, nothing that could shed light on its history. For a century since, it has defied the endless scores of visitors and scientists who attempted to understand its purpose. Who were the mysterious people who built it and why did they build it here? Today an international team of archeologists, engineers and scientists are finally piecing together the clues. Together they are discovering astonishing new burials, revealing the intricacies of its ingenious engineering and finally decoding the secrets of Machu Picchu.

25 Incredible Things About The Incas That Will Astonish You

It was the largest pre-Colombian civilization in the Americas and it sprawled a distance of 5,230 km (3,250 miles) or approximately the distance between New York and San Francisco. With millions of citizens the Incas constructed tens of thousands of kilometers of roads through some of the harshest terrain on Earth yet never discovered the wheel. Get ready because these are 25 incredible things the Incas did that will astonish you!
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Preview:
Although the Inca were the largest pre-Colombian American empire, they lacked a written language
For this reason (lack of census records) estimates of their size has varied ranging from 4 million people to nearly 40 million
The Incas practiced something known as skull deformation. Basically they wrapped cloth around the heads of their kids so that they would elongate.
Some of their kings would only wear their clothes once and then burn them
In spite of the fact that they built over 30,000 km of road, they never developed or discovered the wheel
Mail was delivered along this network of roads by way of messengers who would hand mail off to each other using a sort of relay system
Since there was no writing system the messengers had to memorize the messages!
The Incas introduced the world to potatoes via the Spanish conquistadors
In fact, nearly a quarter of Europe's growth between the 1700s and the 1900s was attributed to the introduction of this crop
The Incas constructed buildings without mortar. Basically the huge stones they used fit together so perfectly and tightly that nothing could get between them.
and more...

Machu Picchu 101 | National Geographic

Machu Picchu is a testament to the power and ingenuity of the Inca empire. Built without the use of mortar, metal tools, or the wheel, Machu Picchu stands as an archaeological wonder of the ancient world. But why was it built—and deserted?
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National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalists, and filmmakers, Nat Geo gets you closer to the stories that matter and past the edge of what's possible.
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Machu Picchu 101 | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/cnMa-Sm9H4k
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

The Ancient Inca Temple Of Cusco: Sonic And Energy Fields

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The Coricancha in Cusco is believed by many archaeologists to be the first building that the Inca ever made. The problem with that theory is that it is also the FINEST they ever made. It is my belief that this building predates the Inca by thousands of years, made by a mysterious people called the Piuhuas or Viracochans.
Join us in September and experience this: http://infinite-connections.co.uk/september-2014-peru-bolivia-tour/
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Threads That Speak: How The Inca Used Strings to Communicate | National Geographic

One of the great mysteries of ancient Peru is that the Inca did not have a system of writing, but communicated with a system of strings tied with knots. For the first time, centuries-old knotted textile accounting records known as quipus were found buried with well-preserved organic material. They were found at the archaeological site of Incahuasi, the base of operations for the Inca expansion along Peru’s southern coast.
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The IncaEmpire stretched from Colombia to central Chile and ruled more than 12 million people. They built organized cities and advanced road systems, yet they had no system of hieroglyphic writing, as the Maya did. Instead, they communicated via a system of knotted textile strings known as quipus. Deciphering how to read the quipus has become one of the great mysteries of ancient Peru.
At the site of Incahuasi in the CañeteValley, archaeologists have found—for the first time—dozens of quipus buried alongside centuries-old produce. They appear to have been used for accounting in agricultural storage houses to record the amount of wood, beans, corn, chili peppers, and other items moving throughout the complex. Six-hundred-year-old beans are so well-preserved in this dry valley that they look like dried beans you would see in a market today. Archaeologists found beans and other produce so they knew they were excavating storerooms, and then they found knots.
National Geographic explorer AlejandroChu explains that this is significant for quipu scholars because new discoveries could help bring them closer to understanding what the accounting records mean. “Usually you find quipus related to offerings, or funerary bundles in tombs. They are left and totally disconnected from their real use,” Chu says. “One of the main reasons why the discovery of quipus in Incahuasi is amazing is because it’s one of the first times we're finding them in their original context. They are in the places where they were used.”
Quipus are made of a cotton or wool strings hanging from a main cord. The knots on the strings convey meaning through their location, direction, and type. Researchers already have a basic understanding of the numerical system incorporated in the quipus, where knots represent numbers. The hope is to move beyond mathematical operations to understanding non-numerical words or phrases from the agricultural product inventories. It is a whole new body of data to add to the Quipu Database Project and to understanding this interesting form of communication.
Incahuasi, or “House of the Inca,” is an important and strategic Inca city. It served as the agricultural base of operations and administrative center for the Inca expansion along southern coast in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. It transformed the valley into a thriving, productive area. In two archaeological excavation seasons led by Chu, the team has already found almost 70 quipus, and most of the vast storeroom complex at the site is yet to be excavated.
GlobalXplorer° is a cutting-edge platform that empowers citizen scientists around the world to help reduce looting and encroachment at important archaeological sites—as well as discover and protect unknown sites—using satellite imagery. Find out how you can become part of the GlobalXplorer° community and make a difference, beginning with our first expedition in Peru, at GlobalXplorer.org.
http://www.globalxplorer.org
Read more about the discovery of quipus in Incahuasi:
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/03/world/americas/untangling-an-accounting-tool-and-an-ancient-incan-mystery.html
Learn about the Quipu Database Project: http://khipukamayuq.fas.harvard.edu/Researchers.html
SeniorProducer: Sarah Joseph
Producer: Carolyn Barnwell
Editor: DaveNathanDirector of Photography: Juan AntonioPuyolExecutive Producer: Vanessa Serrao
Threads That Speak: Unraveling the Mysteries of the Inca | National Geographic
https://youtu.be/AmPyz1kCbOw
National Geographic
https://www.youtube.com/natgeo

Rise of the Incan Empire

On the edge of WesternSouth America, wedged between the Earth’s driest desert, largest rainforest, and second highest mountain range lay a sprawling empire. The Inca through ingenious engineering and strict central planning forged one of the world’s most unusual empires. The largest empire in the pre-Columbian Americas, without a written language, the wheel, or money and one of the only empires to stretch upwards rather than across. In this video, we will look at how the Inca rose to power from unknown origins and dominated their region.
The script was developed and the video was created by our good friend Cogito Check out his channel for more historical content: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKMnl27hDMKvch--noWe5CA/
Support us on Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/KingsandGenerals or Paypal: http://paypal.me/kingsandgenerals
We are grateful to our patrons and sponsors, who made this video possible: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1z0LC0-YNH0DYIfvViJb2H0P0uDMvMDT9B-zgWNAYOYo
This video was narrated by Officially Devin (https://www.youtube.com/user/OfficiallyDevin)
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Sources:
Terence D'Altroy - The IncasGordon
F. McEwan - The Inca New PerspectivesNigel Davies - The Inca
Kim MacQuarrie - The Last Days of the Inca
John Hemmings - The Conquest of the IncasProductionMusic courtesy of EpidemicSound: http://www.epidemicsound.com
Songs used by Derek and Brandon Fiechter (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjMZjGhrFq_4llVS_x2XJ_w)
TribalJungle Music - Inca Empire
Tribal Jungle Music - Inca KingEpic Jungle Music - Jaws of the Jaguar
Tribal Jungle Music - Macchu Picchu

Andean civilizations

The Andean civilizations made up a loose patchwork of different cultures that developed from the highlands of Colombia to the Atacama Desert. They are mainly based on the cultures of Ancient Peru and some others such as Tiahuanaco. The Inca Empire was the last sovereign political entity that emerged from the Andean civilizations before conquest by Spaniards. Tahuantinsuyo was a patchwork of languages, cultures and peoples. The components of the empire were not all uniformly loyal, nor were the local cultures all fully integrated. For example, the Chimú used money in their commerce, while the Inca empire as a whole had an economy based on exchange and taxation of luxury goods and labor, and it is said that Inca tax collectors would take the head lice of the lame and old as a symbolic tribute. The portions of the Chachapoya that had been conquered were almost openly hostile to the Inca, and the Inca nobles rejected an offer of refuge in their kingdom after their troubles with the Spanish.