Cyanobacterial soil crusts may be important in arid and semi-arid ecosystems because of their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2). These crusts are very sensitive to trampling by animals, and their destruction can ...

Particle swarm optimization algorithm has recently gained much attention in the global optimization research community.
As a result, a few variants of the algorithm have been suggested. In this paper, we study the efficiency ...

Electromagnets are essentials for the operation of relays, contactors and other electromagnetic apparatus and take part in driving control and protective circuits of industrial processes and power systems. Performance of ...

The national road network continues to play a fundamental and catalytic role in the promotion of social and economic development of Botswana. However, a combination of adverse climatic and geological factors, such as ...

This paper is part of a study that assessed the level of commitment of primary schools of remote area dwellers (RADs) to basic education between October 2004 and April 2005. The research question focused on the level of ...

This study presents a technique for improving the quality of service (QoS) guarantee in an ATM network. In the proposed model, it was assumed that high priority traffic have been allocated a switch resource to guarantee a ...

The traditional developed earth as one of the most important construction materials by taking cognizance of the strength requirements, durability of resulting structures and the environmental concern in processing and using ...

Electoral systems are manipulative instruments that determine how elections are won and lost.
Botswana is widely regarded as a frontrunner in democratic politics, but the electoral system
that it operates has been wanting ...

The paper offers a reading of Shakespeare's the Tempest, Othelo and Titus Andronicus that sees the plays' black characters as disporic protagonists seeking alternative constructions of difference from those that are demanded ...

Many universities across the world offer full time programmes not only to younger students directly from formal basic education programmes such as secondary schooling but also to in-service or adult learners. In-service ...

Based on the findings of a qualitative case study, this article describes the experiences of key stakeholders about the inclusion of learners with disabilities in regular schools in the South Central Region of Botswana. ...

In this paper, we present a review and conceptual design to integrate hydrological/ecological models, global uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, integrative modelling and decision analysis for complex and adaptive ...

Botswana has since 1965 held nine successive multi-party elections, making it Africa's longest running democracy. Although elections are high tension events, they have not sparked violence in Botswana- a rare feature in ...

Teaching practice, which comprises a teaching internship and/or fieldwork undertaken by
prospective teachers for an annual period of seven weeks, is an essential component of all the teacher education programmes offered ...

Corrosion crack widths are often used by structural engineers in the field to predict level of steel corrosion
as well as residual load-bearing capacities of corroding RC structures. This paper presents further
work on ...

The influence of burning on soil microbial dehydrogenase activity, nitrogen content and fungal population along the Boro route in the Okavango Delta was assessed in the flood and dry seasons. Soil samples from the burnt ...

This article examines choral contests in Botswana’s music education. Choral contests have been
conducted for many years in Botswana and predate the introduction of formal music teaching in
schools. These early contests ...

This research seeks to examine the role that context or learning situation plays in strategy choice by comparing the strategy patterns of a private English medium secondary and a government secondary school in Botswana. ...

The effect of flooding on soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and microbial
population in different vegetation zones (floodplain, island and woodland)
and profile depth (0?1, 0?5, 2?0, 3?0, 4?0 and 5?0m) of the Okavango ...