LothianLothianLothian (/ˈloʊðiən/; Scots: Lowden;[2] Scottish Gaelic: Lodainn
[ˈɫ̪ot̪aɲ]) is a region of the Scottish Lowlands, lying between
the southern shore of the
Firth of ForthFirth of Forth and the Lammermuir Hills. The
principal settlement is the Scottish capital, Edinburgh, while other
significant towns include Livingston, Linlithgow, Queensferry,
Dalkeith, Musselburgh, North Berwick, Dunbar, and Haddington.
Historically, the term
LothianLothian referred to a province encompassing
most of what is now southeastern Scotland. In the 7th century it came
under the control of the Anglian kingdom of Bernicia, the northern
part of the later kingdom of Northumbria, but the Angles' grip on
LothianLothian was quickly weakened following the Battle of Nechtansmere in
which they were defeated by the Picts
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Little FranceLittle FranceLittle France is a suburb of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It is
on the A7 approximately 4 miles south of the city centre.
The area falls within the parish of Liberton in the south-east of the
city. It acquired its name from members of the entourage brought to
ScotlandScotland from France by Mary, Queen of Scots, who took up residence at
nearby
CraigmillarCraigmillar Castle. The French left the city following the
Siege of LeithSiege of Leith under the terms of the Treaty of Edinburgh.[1]
Little FranceLittle France is the location of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, and
is adjacent to
Craigour which is just to its south.[2]
Sources[edit]^ Harris, Stuart (1991). "The fortifications and siege of Leith: a
further study of the map of the siege in 1560" (PDF). Proceedings of
the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
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River Tees
The
River TeesRiver Tees (/tiːz/) is in northern England. It rises on the
eastern slope of
Cross FellCross Fell in the North Pennines, and flows eastwards
for 85 miles (137 km) to reach the
North SeaNorth Sea between Hartlepool
and
RedcarRedcar near Middlesbrough.[1]Contents1 Geography
2 Water levels
3 Seal Sands
4 Alterations
5 Industrialisation of the River Tees
6 Legends and folklore
7 In popular culture
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External linksGeography[edit]
The river drains 710 square miles (1,800 km2) and has a number of
tributaries including the River Greta, River Lune, River Balder, River
Leven and River Skerne.[2] Before the reorganisation of the historic
English counties, the river formed the boundary between County Durham
and Yorkshire
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Angles (people)
The
AnglesAngles (Latin: Angli) were one of the main
Germanic peoplesGermanic peoples who
settled in
Great BritainGreat Britain in the post-Roman period. They founded
several of the kingdoms of Anglo-
SaxonSaxon England, and their name is the
root of the name England. The name comes from Anglia (Angeln), a
peninsula located on the Baltic shore of what is now
Schleswig-Holstein.Contents1 Name
2 Greco-Roman historiography2.1 Tacitus
2.2 Ptolemy3 Medieval historiography
4 Archaeology
5 Anglian kingdoms in England
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 Further readingName[edit]
The name of the
AnglesAngles may have been first recorded in Latinised form,
as Anglii, in the
GermaniaGermania of Tacitus
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Celtic Deities
The gods and goddesses of the pre-Christian Celtic peoples are known
from a variety of sources, including ancient places of worship,
statues, engravings, cult objects and place or personal names. The
ancient
CeltsCelts appear to have had a pantheon of deities comparable to
others in Indo-European religion, each linked to aspects of life and
the natural world. By a process of synthesism, after the Roman
conquest of Celtic areas, these became associated with their Roman
equivalent, and their worship continued until Christianization.
Ancient
Celtic artCeltic art produced few images of deities, and these are hard
to identify, lacking inscriptions, but in the post-conquest period
many more images were made, some with inscriptions naming the deity.
Most of the specific information we have therefore comes from Latin
writers and the archaeology of the post-conquest period
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DeiraDeiraDeira (Old English: Derenrice or Dere) was a Celtic kingdom –
first recorded (but much older) by the Anglo-Saxons in 559 AD and
lasted til 664 AD,[1] in
Northern EnglandNorthern England that was first recorded when
Anglian warriors invaded the Derwent Valley in the third quarter of
the fifth century.[2] It extended from the
HumberHumber to the Tees, and
from the sea to the western edge of the Vale of York
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Roger Of Wendover
Roger of
WendoverWendover (died 6 May 1236), probably a native of
WendoverWendover in
Buckinghamshire, was an English chronicler of the 13th century.
At an uncertain date he became a monk at
St AlbansSt Albans Abbey; afterwards
he was appointed prior of the cell of Belvoir, but he forfeited this
dignity in the early years of Henry III, having been found guilty of
wasting the endowments. His latter years were passed at St Albans,
where he died on 6 May 1236.Contents1 Biography
2 Works
3 Notes
4 ReferencesBiography[edit]
He is the first in the series of important chroniclers who worked at
St Albans. His best-known chronicle, called the Flores Historiarum
(Flowers of History), is based in large part on material which already
existed at St Albans
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Edgar Of England
Edgar (Old English: Ēadgār; c. 943—8 July 975), known as the
Peaceful or the Peaceable, was King of England from 959 until his
death. He was the younger son of
Edmund IEdmund I and Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury,
and came to the throne as a teenager, following the death of his older
brother Eadwig. As king, Edgar further consolidated the political
unity achieved by his predecessors, with his reign being noted for its
relative stability. His most trusted advisor was Dunstan, whom he
recalled from exile and made Archbishop of Canterbury
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River Forth
The
River ForthRiver Forth is a major river, 47 km (29 mi) long, whose
drainage basin covers much of
StirlingshireStirlingshire in Scotland's Central
Belt.[1] The Gaelic name is Abhainn Dubh, meaning "black river", in
the upper reach above Stirling. Below the tidal reach,[2] (just after
being crossed by the M9 motorway) its name is Uisge For.
The Forth rises in the Trossachs, a mountainous area 30 km
(19 mi) west of Stirling. Ben Lomond's eastern slopes drain into
the
Duchray WaterDuchray Water which meets with Avondhu River coming from Loch Ard.
The confluence of these two streams is the nominal start of the River
Forth.[3] From there it flows roughly eastward, through Aberfoyle,
joining with the Kelty Water, about 5 km further downstream. The
vast flat expanse of the
CarseCarse of
StirlingStirling follows including Flanders
Moss
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Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
The
Anglo-Saxon ChronicleAnglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English
chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The original manuscript
of the Chronicle was created late in the 9th century, probably in
Wessex, during the reign of
Alfred the GreatAlfred the Great (r. 871–899). Multiple
copies were made of that one original and then distributed to
monasteries across England, where they were independently updated. In
one case, the Chronicle was still being actively updated in 1154.
Nine manuscripts survive in whole or in part, though not all are of
equal historical value and none of them is the original version. The
oldest seems to have been started towards the end of Alfred's reign,
while the most recent was written at Peterborough Abbey after a fire
at that monastery in 1116
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Malcolm III Of Scotland
Malcolm III (Gaelic: Máel Coluim mac Donnchada; c. 26 March 1031 –
13 November 1093) was
King of ScotsKing of Scots from 1058 to 1093. He was later
nicknamed "Canmore" ("ceann mòr", Gaelic for "Great Chief": "ceann"
denotes "leader", "head" (of state) and "mòr" denotes "pre-eminent",
"great", and "big").[1][2] Malcolm's long reign of 35 years preceded
the beginning of the
Scoto-Norman age. He had grandchildren from
England. His was
Empress MatildaEmpress Matilda and William Adelin. Henry I of
EnglandEngland is Malcolm III of Scotland's son-in-law.
Malcolm's kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern
Scotland: the north and west of
ScotlandScotland remained under Scandinavian
following the Norse invasions. Malcolm III fought a series of wars
against the Kingdom of England, which may have had as its objective
the conquest of the English earldom of Northumbria
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