photoelectrode. Titanium dioxide TiO2 is the most used oxide semiconductors
for DSSC photoelectrode. Anatase and rutile TiO2 are widely explored in DSSC
for high photocatalytic activity and high light scattering ability respectively. However ZnO-based DSSC is interesting to be developed due to the higher position of the conduction band compared to the conduction band of TiO2 allowing possibility to generate higher photovoltage. In this study bilayer and monolayer of TiO2-based and ZnO-based DSSCs were fabricated. TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method using precursor of TiCl3 and ZnAc dihydrate respectively. All of TiO2-based DSSSs were sensitized with natural dye anthocyanin extracted from mangosteen percicarp and Ru-based dye N719. ZnO-based DSSCs were only sensitized with N719 dye. The results show that bilayer TiO2-based DSSCs could enhance the light harvesting efficiency by extending the optical path length of incident photon. Enhanced light harvesting efficiency is indicated by high magnitude of IPCE spectra in the range of visible light wavelength. Photoelectrochemical properties
of DSSCs confirm that the enhanced light harvesting efficiency affects to the enhancement of conversion efficiency of DSSCs. In addition anthocyanin dye has comparable performance to N719-dye. This is indicated by the result of bilayer
anatase structure which could generate conversion efficiency of 0.461 and
0.45 for anthocyanin dye and N719-dye respectively. Among ZnO-based
DSSCs monolayer DSSC using monodisperse ZnO particles are able to generate higher conversion efficiency than the one using polydisperse ZnO. Bilayer ZnObased DSSCs can optimize the photocurrent action spectra in UV regime leading to high conversion efficiency. However the longer sensitizing time of ZnO photoelectrode can induce the dissolution of Zn atoms and formation of Zn2 dye that able to resist the electron transport from dye to ZnO photoelectrode.

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