What are the two membrane proteins that help set up and maintain the RMP?

Describe the sodium-potassium pump.

(Na+/K+ ATPase) uses a molecule of ATP to move three sodium ions out of the cell, while simultaneously two potassium ions into the cell; sodium/potassium are charged ions so they cannot reverse, unless there is a channel

Define "depolarization" and "repolarization"

Describe the "impulse" in a neuron.

one small portion of a neuron's membrane fires an action potential, some of the sodium that rushes in from the opening of the voltage-gated channels travels down the inside of the membrane, bringing the next small portion to the threshold; when threshold is reached, opening of voltage-gated channels occur and that portion of the membrane has an action potential, etc. all the way to the axon

What are the spaces between the Schwann cells called?

What is the "saltatory conduction"?

What is the refractory period and what does it do?

that short moment when a portion of the membrane is not able to fire a second action potential (until the sodium and potassium channels reset and membrane is at resting potential), which ensures that the action potential will only travel in one direction down the axon

Describe the terminal end of the axon of the initial neuron and the dendrites of the second neuron.

Describe the process of transmitting an impulse.

when the impulse reaches the terminal end of an axon, causes the vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane; neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis; diffuses instantly across the synaptic cleft and binds to the receptors

neurotransmitter in sympathetic division

neurotransmitter in parasympathetic division

epinephrine (adrenaline)

one of the first things triggered by the sympathetic system is the release of this hormone from the adrenal medulla - similar to norepinephrine and causes same effect - because it is a hormone, released into the bloodstream, but norepinephrine is at a synapse - prolongs and enhances the effects of the sympathetic response