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INTELLIGENT Defining Intelligent behavior: The term “ intelligence ” can take on many different meanings. The term “ intelligence ” can take on many different meanings. In general, Intelligence is the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges. In general, Intelligence is the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges.

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INTELLIGENT Major approaches to measuring intelligence: 1. Mental age (MA); The average age of children taking the Binet test who achieved the same score. The average age of children taking the Binet test who achieved the same score. Not adequate to comparisons among people of different chronological ages (CA). Not adequate to comparisons among people of different chronological ages (CA).

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INTELLIGENT 2. Intelligence quotient (IQ); The average and most frequent IQ score is 100, and 68.3 percent of all people are within a 30 point range centered on 100. The average and most frequent IQ score is 100, and 68.3 percent of all people are within a 30 point range centered on 100.

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INTELLIGENT 2. Intelligence quotient (IQ); Some 95 percent of the population have scores that are within 30 points above or below 100, and 99.7 percent have scores that are between 55 and 145. Some 95 percent of the population have scores that are within 30 points above or below 100, and 99.7 percent have scores that are between 55 and 145.

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INTELLIGENT 2. Intelligence quotient (IQ); IQ can be Stanford-Binet Test. IQ can be Stanford-Binet Test. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS- III). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS- III). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). The two scales include questions of very different types. The two scales include questions of very different types.

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INTELLIGENT 2. Intelligence quotient (IQ); Verbal scale include information, comprehension, arithmetic, and similarities. Verbal scale include information, comprehension, arithmetic, and similarities. Performance Scale include Digit symbol, picture completion, object assembly. Performance Scale include Digit symbol, picture completion, object assembly. IQ can be achievement test which is a test meant to ascertain a person ’ s level of knowledge in a given subject area. IQ can be achievement test which is a test meant to ascertain a person ’ s level of knowledge in a given subject area.

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INTELLIGENT 2. Intelligence quotient (IQ); IQ can be aptitude test which is a test designed to predict a person ’ s ability in a particular area or line of work. IQ can be aptitude test which is a test designed to predict a person ’ s ability in a particular area or line of work. IQ have reliability which is the concept that tests measure consistently what they are trying to measure. IQ have reliability which is the concept that tests measure consistently what they are trying to measure. IQ have validity which is the concept that tests actually measure what they are supposed to measure. IQ have validity which is the concept that tests actually measure what they are supposed to measure.

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INTELLIGENT 2. Intelligence quotient (IQ); Norms are standards of performance that permit the comparison of one person ’ s score the test the scores of others who have taken the same test. Norms are standards of performance that permit the comparison of one person ’ s score the test the scores of others who have taken the same test.

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INTELLIGENT Alternative formulations of intelligence: IQ merely measure behavior assumed to exemplify intelligence. IQ merely measure behavior assumed to exemplify intelligence. The g or g-facror: an early theory that assumed there was a general factor for mental ability. The g or g-facror: an early theory that assumed there was a general factor for mental ability. There are two different kinds of intelligence; fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence. There are two different kinds of intelligence; fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.

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INTELLIGENT Alternative formulations of intelligence: 1. Fluid intelligence that reflects reasoning, memory, and information processing capabilities. 2. Crystallized intelligence is the information, skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem solving situations

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INTELLIGENT Contemporary approaches; 1. Musical intelligence that skills in tasks involving music. 2. Bodily kinesthetic intelligence that skills in using the whole body or various portions of it in the solution of problems or in the construction of products or displays, exemplified by dancers, athletes, actors, and surgeons.

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INTELLIGENT Contemporary approaches; 3. Logical-mathematical intelligence that skills in problem solving and scientific thinking. 4. Linguistic intelligence, skills involved in the production and use of language. 5. Spatial intelligence, skills involving spatial configurations such as those used by artists and architects.

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INTELLIGENT Contemporary approaches; 6. Interpersonal intelligence, skills in interacting with others, such as sensitivity to the moods, temperaments, motivations, and intentions of others. 7. Intrapersonal intelligence, knowledge of the internal aspects of oneself; access to one ’ s own feelings and emotions. 8. Naturalistic intelligence. 9. Spiritual intelligence.

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INTELLIGENT Contemporary approaches; Triarchic theory of intelligence; Robert Sternberg ’ s theory that there are three major aspects to intelligence: Triarchic theory of intelligence; Robert Sternberg ’ s theory that there are three major aspects to intelligence: Componential aspect, analysis of information to solve problems. Componential aspect, analysis of information to solve problems. Contextual aspect, how intelligence is used to face environmental demands. Contextual aspect, how intelligence is used to face environmental demands. Experiential aspect, how prior experiences are used in problem solving. Experiential aspect, how prior experiences are used in problem solving.

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INTELLIGENT Practical intelligence: It is intelligence related to success in everyday situations, rather than academic and intellectual performance. It is intelligence related to success in everyday situations, rather than academic and intellectual performance. View intelligence in terms of nonacademic, career and personal success. View intelligence in terms of nonacademic, career and personal success.

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INTELLIGENT Variations in intellectual ability: Mental retardation is a significantly sub- average intellectual functioning that occurs with related limitations in two or more of the adaptive skill areas. Mental retardation is a significantly sub- average intellectual functioning that occurs with related limitations in two or more of the adaptive skill areas. The intellectually Gifted is two to 4 percent of population who have IQ scores greater than 130. The intellectually Gifted is two to 4 percent of population who have IQ scores greater than 130.

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INTELLIGENT Individual differences in intelligence: To what degree is intelligence influenced by the environment and to what degree by heredity? To what degree is intelligence influenced by the environment and to what degree by heredity? Differences in some standardized test scores between various racial and ethnic groups have led to a heated controversy concerning the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors. Differences in some standardized test scores between various racial and ethnic groups have led to a heated controversy concerning the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors.

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INTELLIGENT Individual differences in intelligence: Heritability; is a measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors. Heritability; is a measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors. Although average IQ scores have increased steadily during the 1900s, the reason for the rise is not at all clear. Although average IQ scores have increased steadily during the 1900s, the reason for the rise is not at all clear.