Butterflies Caught Lapping Up Crocodile Tears

Crocodile tears may be drinks for thirsty butterflies and bees, new research reveals. The insects likely rely on croc tears for salt.

The discovery was made when aquatic ecologistCarlos de la Rosa was sailing on a slow, quiet boat down the Puerto Viejo River in northeastern Costa Rica with researchers, students and visitors to watch and photograph wildlife in December.

It was "like traveling back in time when rivers were the main highways for both humans and wildlife," said de la Rosa, director of the La Selva Biological Station for the Organization for Tropical Field Studies in San Pedro, Costa Rica.

"It was one of those natural history moments that you long to see up close," de la Rosa said in a statement. "But then the question becomes, what's going on in here? Why are these insects tapping into this resource?"

Although salt is plentiful in the ocean, the molecule technically known as sodium chloride is often a rare and valuable resource on land. Animals sometimes drink salt from sweat, urine and even blood, de la Rosa said.

When de la Rosa did research online, he was surprised to find more evidence of tear-drinking than he expected, not only from scientists, but also casual tourists, wilderness enthusiasts and professional photographers. This suggests tear-drinking or "lachryphagous" behavior may not be as rare as biologists had assumed.

"While sodium is an essential element for the metabolism and reproduction of these insects, there are also proteins, enzymes and micronutrients that could also play a role in the fitness of the insects tapping this resource," de la Rosa said. "Not a lot has been published on these topics, and all published reports indicate the need for further research."

Scientists also aren't sure whether the reptiles somehow benefit from such tear-drinking. The reptiles may allow insects to drink tears simply because they do not care, or cannot easily drive them away.

"The caiman seemed very tolerant of both the butterfly and the bee," de la Rosa said. "However, I've seen these bees approach river turtles, and the turtles are not as tolerant or pleased, shaking their heads and eventually even jumping back on the water. The insects definitely seem to benefit, but we don't know what, if any, benefits are received by the caimans."

Future research can explore how common these interactions are, what species are involved, and how important these interactions are for the survival of the species involved. "What could happen if one species disappears from the location?" de la Rosa asked. "What could we learn from these and other interactions about the stability and sustainability of ecosystems?"

De la Rosa detailed the findings in the May issue of the journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.

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Charles Q. Choi

Charles Q. Choi is a contributing writer for Live Science and Space.com. He covers all things human origins and astronomy as well as physics, animals and general science topics. Charles has a Master of Arts degree from the University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Journalism and a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of South Florida. Charles has visited every continent on Earth, drinking rancid yak butter tea in Lhasa, snorkeling with sea lions in the Galapagos and even climbing an iceberg in Antarctica.