In 2017, there were 47 506 opioid-related deaths in the United States.1 Infectious complications from injecting opioids, such as hepatitis C, HIV, and endocarditis, result in additional morbidity and mortality. Understanding optimal approaches to screening for, diagnosing, and managing opioid use disorder (OUD), a chronic medical illness defined by an inability to control opioid use despite consequences, is necessary to address this condition.2