Face guard initially separate but attached from 1200. Evolved into full barrel helm.

Fig 6, Heath (1989)

Long almost triangular shielf

1100 – 1200

Phrygian helmet

1100 – 1200

Flat top helmet

1140

1200 – ?

1300

Persisted in Spain until 1300

Fig 4, Heath (1989)

Flat topped shield

1140

Most common shield after early 13th C.

Surcoat

1141

1200 – ?

?

Started white; heraldry introduced about 1200

Mail mittens

1180

1200

Animal crest on helmet

1187

?

?

Unrelated to heraldry

Fig 7, Heath (1989)

Plate shin guards

1240

1300 – ?

?

Kettle helmet

1175

1250 – ?

Never

Barrel helm

1200

1230

Evolved from the helmet with faceguard

Mail Gauntlets

1250 ?

Common before 1285

Coat of plates

1259

Started in Germany

Plate Gauntlets

1296

Sugar-loaf Helmet

1289 ?

Gradually replaced flat-topped barrel helm

Fig 15, Heath (1989)

Heater shield

1250

1270 – ?

Fig 15, Heath (1989)

Detail

I’ve put together this table so I could easily pick out what armour was suitable for which period.

Figure

Title

Date

Description

Fig 41, Heath (1980)

Visigothic Infantryman

7th century

Visigoths no longer wore traditional clothes now being influenced by Byzantine fashions. This guy wears a tunic, close fitting breeches, boots, short cloak and tall hat. Tunics mainly white, red or buff. Breeches mainly red or dark blue. In the 7th century Visigothic infantry would carry spear, shield, and side arm, or bow and arrows. Side arms would be a sword, scrama, or semispathum (short sword). The Visigoths also used the Frankish style throwing axe (francisca to the Franks, but called cateia or teutona by the Visigoths). Some infantry wore mail or scale corselets and helmets.

Fig 42, Heath (1980)

Visigothic Cavalryman

7th century

Helmet, corselet (mail or scale), shield, sword, lance and javelins.

Fig 54, Heath (1980)

Carolingian Medium Cavalryman

7th-10th centuries

Similar figures appeared in Visigothic armies from the 7th century and were provided by the Gascon, i.e. Basques. Stirrups began to appear mid 8th century but some riders went without into the 9th century.

Fig 127, Heath (1980)

Norman, French or Breton Medium Cavalryman

11th century

Although the figure is “French” similar figures appear in Spanish manuscripts. The Spanish versions lack the coif.

Fig 132, 133, Heath (1980)

11th C European Heavy Infantrymen

Early 11th C to early 13th C

Hasal helmet, mail corselet (mail or scale), kite shield.

Fig 135, Heath (1980)

Spanish Heavy Cavalry

from 10th century

Helmet, mail corselet (could be scale), wood or leather round shield, lance and sword. Round shields were used up to late 12th century. Helmets, sword hilts and shields were often decorated in gold and silver.

Fig 136, Heath (1980)

Spanish Heavy Cavalry

c. 1050

Helmet, kite shield, lance, sword. No body armour. Similar but with a kite shield. Kite shields were introduced into Spain in the late 10th or early 11th century.

The most common Spanish shield colours were red and bright blue. Fig 141 a-c are Norman zoomorphic designs but the Spanish used similar patterns. They are not heraldic. All of the shields have a boss and rim.
Fig 141 m has no boss and four dots arranged in a square. These are the rivets holding the carrying straps on the back of the shield. The shield has a rim.
Fig 141 l has a boss, dots above and below the boss, and a rim. There are three dots in an upward pointing triangle above the boss and a diamond of four dots below.
Fig 141 d-k are Norman and Saxon designs but would probably do for Spanish.

Fig 120, Heath (1980)

Late Saxon or Anglo-Danish Huscarl

11th century

Some Spanish infantry wore armour similar to this figure.

Fig 132, Heath (1980)

European Heavy Infantryman

11th century

Some Spanish infantry wore armour similar to this figure.

Fig 133, Heath (1980)

European Heavy Infantryman

Early 11th to early 13th century (1110 specifically)

Some Spanish infantry wore armour similar to this figure. Scale corselet.

Fig 6, Heath (1989)

Knight with Surcoat

c. 1205

This is the first of the figures within the Feudal Armies book that has a surcoat. Heath observes that surcoats start appearing about 1150 and were common from early 13th century. In the 12th century they were white but by 13th century had begun to carry heraldic devices.

Fig 63, Heath (1989)

Spanish Knight

12th-13th century

This guy has helmet, mail corselet, round shield, a lance used over arm, and a sword. The round shield gradually dropped out of use in the 13th century so he is more typical of the 12th century. Aside from the mail leggings there is little between this chap and Fig 135 in Heath (1980) who is from the 11th century. By the mid-13th century Castilian knights were expected to wear bright colours including red, green and yellow. Scarlet was reserved for the King.
Armour, helmets, swords, and shields was decorated with gold or silver. Armour was often gilded.

Fig 64, Heath (1989)

Spanish Knight

13th century

Round topped bascinet helmet (typically used in place of the barrel-helm), mail corselet, long surcoat, shield with straight sides and round bottom, lance, and sword. The shield, sleeves of the surcoat, helmet, and pennon all display the same shield device. The body of the surcoat has a Berber style floral decoration.

A better armoured militiaman. He has a mail corselet and coif but no helmet. His shield seems to be similar to that of Fig 64, Heath (1989), i.e. straight sided with a rounded bottom.

Fig 67, Heath (1989)

Spanish Javelinman (Bidet, Bidower)

12th-13th centuries

This guy is distinctively Aragonese, Navarrese or Basque. He has a thrusting spear, javelins, short sword or dagger. All were unshielded and most unarmoured. Some had light quilted or leather armour.

Fig 58, Heath (1984)

Almughavar Mercenary

13th-14th centuries (specifically c. 1302)

This guy is the Catalan version of the previous figure. Although Catalan they served other masters, e.g. Castile, Aragon, and Byzantium. He wears a leather cap, tunic, short fur jacket, leather leggings, and shoes or sandals. He has a thrusting spear, javelins, short sword or dagger. All were unshielded and most unarmoured. Some may have worn a mail coif.

Fig 68, Heath (1989)

Jewish Soldier

11th-13th centuries (specifically c. 1220)

Fig 69, Heath (1989)

Aragonese Berber Jinete

13th century (specifically c. 1200)

Fig 70, Heath (1989)

Brother Knight, Order of Santiago

12th-13th century

In habit

Fig 71, Heath (1989)

Brother Knight, Order of Santiago

13th century

Faded red surcoat, helmet and shield with device of Order of Santiago, The horses had housings with the same device on them and red leather chanfrons or mail bards. Confrere brethren of Sanitiago, and probably other orders, wore their own arms on their shields.

Fig 72, Heath (1989)

Brother Knight, Order of Alcantara

14th century (specifically c. 1300)

Wears a habit in place of the surcoat. Calatravan brethren always wore blackened armour.