In June 1945, Private Elias Friedensohn of Bronx, New York, was photographed while working for the U.S. Army at a supply distribution center in Paris. The previous year, he saw action in the Battle of Hürtgen Forest, just east of the Belgian–German border, while a mortarman with the 1st Infantry Division. Friedensohn went on to become a celebrated painter. (Courtesy of the National Archives)

In honor of Veterans Day, Virginia Tech and the National Archives will host a transcribe-a-thon to make accessible an unusual collection of wartime documents — 65,000 pages of uncensored reflections written by U.S. soldiers during World War II.

The American Soldier in World War II transcribe-a-thon will take place on Virginia Tech’s Blacksburg campus on Nov. 12 and 13; at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., on Nov. 13; and around the world virtually Nov. 11–13. The project’s aim is to expand understanding of the common U.S. soldier’s experiences during World War II.

The U.S. Army Research Branch, a social and behavioral sciences research division within the Armed Forces, began collecting these handwritten commentaries in the days following Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor. The division administered social surveys during the war to approximately 500,000 service members at points across the globe, from Iceland to the Persian Gulf.

The surveys asked soldiers about the quality of rations, entertainment, and educational opportunities; training, medical care, housing, uniforms, and equipment; the conduct of Allied soldiers and commanding officers; and a multitude of other facets of their wartime experiences. With promised anonymity, the research branch encouraged participants to be candid, as their insights could help improve morale and fighting effectiveness.

“These uncensored commentaries, while numbering in the many thousands, strike a human chord,” said Edward Gitre, the Virginia Tech assistant professor of history who directs The American Soldier in World War II project. “They are bracing as well as inspiring, filled with decency, indignation, humor, despair, pride, and determination.”

Gitre has led an interdisciplinary team of scholars, data scientists, and librarians in the creation of the project, which is leveraging human and artificial intelligence to make this one-of-a-kind collection broadly accessible.

For nearly three-quarters of a century, the soldiers’ handwritten comments could be viewed only from microfilm readers located inside the National Archives in College Park, Maryland.

The transcription of these records to a digital database is being orchestrated through the million-member-strong crowdsourcing platform of Zooniverse, a citizen-science web portal that allows volunteers to register and participate in the transcription process virtually.

Once the handwritten documents have been transcribed, which is estimated to take two years, and reunited with the rest of the Army’s surviving survey data, the entire reconstituted collection will be made available through a free, open-access website.

“Never before, in more than three decades of historical research and university teaching, have I been so excited by a proposed project,” said Beth Bailey, director of the Center for Military, War, and Society Studies at the University of Kansas and a project advisory board member. “It promises to revolutionize the way we write about the U.S. experience of World War II. It has already led me to change my ‘War and American Society’ syllabus, and I am confident I will not be alone in so doing.”

Gitre is encouraging other universities and organizations to host transcribe-a-thons of their own. Prospective hosts can learn about the genesis of both the U.S. Army Research Branch’s original social research and Virginia Tech digital initiative in “The American Soldier: A World War II Survey,” which Gitre published in Parameters, an online publication of the Social Science Research Council’s Digital Culture program.

“Often when we conceptualize the past, we don’t visualize our predecessors as having any personality or sense of humor,” said Nicholas Deutsch, a Virginia Tech junior who participated in the project. “I think it’s cool that our generation can see what American soldiers were thinking while they were serving stateside and abroad. Maybe by participating in this project, my generation will see that the way we think and behave is not too different than how our grandparents acted.”

Deutsch, who is majoring in history, added that transcribing is a way of paying homage to the soldiers: “It’s the least I can do to repay them for the service they provided the United States, risking their lives for the preservation of liberty and justice for the free world.”

The Blacksburg edition of the transcribe-a-thon will take place in Newman Library, 560 Drillfield Drive, on Nov. 12 from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. in the Multipurpose Room and on Nov. 13 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. in Room 207A and from 8 to 11 a.m. and from 2 to 3:30 p.m. in the Athenaeum Classroom.