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THE PEOPLE'S.JOURNAVOL 12.-NO. 36. PICKENS, S. C., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1902. LJEFFERSON DAVIS'PRIVATE SECRETARYTIlE STORY OF A FAITIIFUISLAVE.How ecn Montgomery Save]the Jett Davis Pluntations.R. R. Wilson in Uctober Bjuccoss.When, in 1835, Jefferaon Davis,later president of the Confederacy, leflthe regular army, his elder brother,Joseph, gave him Urierlield, a splendid plantation of two thousand acreson the Mississippi rivor, a few milesbelow Vicksburg, and a number ofslaves. These latter included a growing negro boy called Ben Montgomery,whom Mr. Davis made his body servant. The lad was unusually intelligent, and Mr. Davis saw that in himwere capabihties not common to theAfrican race. lie taught him to read,and then to write and soon he becamean admirable assistant. IIe was notonly Jefferson Davis's body servant,but also his private secretary, bookkeeper, and general factotum. Ilispenmanship was beautiful, and hisplantation bookkeeping, in its simplicity and accuracy, was the envy andadmiration of the country-side. Heknow more or the business of theD.=vis brothers, ocept themselves,than anyone else.After Jefferson Davis entered politics, Ben Montgomery became stillmore useful. When the master wason his long campaign tours, or in Washington, Montgomery had authority toopen letters not marked as private,and to answer them; lie had power, inwriting answers, to transact any business necessary for the plantation. Bythis time Montgomery had come tohave absolute charge of the Brierlieldestate. lie did not interfere with themanagement of the negroes, or withanything else under the overseei'spurview; but the general business ofthe place he transacted without consulting anybody except his master.When Jefferson Davis left Washington, in 1861, after resigning his sr ;tin the Senate, lie went to Brierlield.his ;;tate was his sole maintainan. o.It was cet tain that, during the impending struggle, he must be absentmuch of the time, and whom shouldhe leave in charge of the estate? Finally Joseph Davis asked, " Why notBen Montgomery?" and the suggestion was adopted. The usual whiteoverseers were left in charge of thefarming operations, but to the slave,Ben Montgomery, was instructed thefinancial part of the business, underthe direction of his master. The cottoncrops of 1861 and 1862 were good, and,although there was some trouble aboutmarketing the crop of the latter year,it was finally sent to New Orleans, andlater, warehoused in Liverpool, to besold when the money it might bringwould be needed. There were nui,more than four hundred am fifty bales,for the South then needed corn andfood supplies more than it did cotton,and so the land was devoted largelyto food crops. Then, early in 1863,cane the Emancipation Proclamationof President Lincoln, and with it tothe South, the equally dangerous Actof confiscation. This latter was putinto execution, wherever possible, withgreat energy. Treasury agents, armedwith all the forms of law, or withoutthem sometimes, seized all propert,ybelonging to the list of suspects as soonas it, came undler the protection of theUnion armies.Then, for the llrat time in his life,Ben Montgomery asked permission tovisit Richmond." Dear Marse Jeff," lie wrote, "1Iwant to go to Richmond to see you,and I want to go right away. Thereis something that I want to tell youthat I dat.e riot write, so do p)lease letme go to Richmond at once."Mr. Davis could not imagine whatthe negro had on his mind, butwrthim to come, and sent him the necessary permit for a slave to travel." Marse Jeff," said Ben, when hoarrived at Richmond and had an opportunity to talk with his master, "youknow Mr. Lincoln has issued what hocalls an emancipation proclamation,and with it another proclamation confIscating the propert,y of certain archrebels, as lie calls them. Now, theyare going to confiscate your propertyjust as soon as they get a chance. Suppose you andi Master .Joe sell me yoUrestates, and do it beifore the Yankeescapture our country."" Why, Ben," Mr. Davis said, "youare a slave and can't hold property InMississippi." ."That is true," said Ben, " but, youcan set me free.- Make out two setsof free papers. Give' me one set andkeep one yourself. Then make out athirdl paper, which shall say that und(ercertain conditions the free papers areto be canceled."The conditions were that the Fed.orals should capture the city of Vicks.burg, and the Davis estate which la)18 miles below."Why, Ben, that's an excellent ideaLet me think it over for a day or two,'Mr'. D)avis said.11e talked it over with his brothe:Joseph. It was Important to thenthat t,hey should have the Income othis estate. if the Federal soldier,should -capture Vicksburg, about th<first plroperty they would conflaca'tand plunder would be the Davis estateBut, if this property belonged tonegro, freed before tha capt,ure oVicksburg, then, under tihe Emancipston 190oelamnation, it would be his, an'could niot he seized by the Federsagents. fIe plan.- promised well, antire Dil brothers, after consult,at,ordecided to adopt it. Jefferson Davyloaned to lien, for the purpose of making tho sale, $10,000. The consideration for the estate was $30,000, on 10years' time, with interest at six percent. Knowing there would be sometrouble about the matter, the legalpapers were drawn with exceptionalcare. John A. Campbell, who resigned his place on the United States supreme bench when the war began, wasthe attorney; at the same time he drew])en's free papers, with a clause ineach that, under certain conditions,the free papers should become null andvoid.Returning to Brierfleld, Montgomeryhad all the papers promptly recordedin the proper oflices in Warren County,Miss. Events speedily showed that lieacted wisely, for in less than a weekafter Vicksburg fell, in July, 1863, anagent of the United States treasurydepartment appeared at Brierfield totake possession of the goods, chattels,and movables on the plantation, preparatory to formal confiscation of theproperty by the United States. Theagent traveled in state, escorted by atroop of cavalry, only to be met byMontgomery, who mildly asked hisbusiness." I have come," said the agent, " totake possession of all movable goodsand stores on Jefferson Davis' plantation."" Mr. Davis owns no plantation inthis section of the country," Montgomery rejoined." Then to whom does this place belong?" queried the astonished otlicer."These three plantat ions," answered Montgomery, calmly, " consistingof the Hurricane, Palmyra and Brierfield estates, are my property.""You don't suppose that I'll believe such a story as that, do you ?"asked the agent." The story that I have told you istrue in every respect," said Montgomery. " If you will come into thrhouse, I will show you all the papers,and you can decide upon their legality."The agent was a lawyer, and, whenhe looked over the deeds, he saw thata correct legal transfer had been made.But lie said, in triumph:"At the time this sale was made,you were a slave. You could not holdreal estate in Mississippi."Thereupon Montgomery, with asmile, handed the agent his free papers,ma:le out and legally verified fourmade out and legally vet-ified.four daysbefore the title to tlie real estate waspassed.." Now," said Montgomery, " thiscountry is under the protection of theUnited States, is it not ?"Why, yes," said the officer, i"18."" And, I am entitled to all the rightsand privileges of a citizen of the United States, am I not?"" I suppose you are," was the reluctant reply." Thenu, sir, under the Em ancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln, and by virtue of these free papersmadle before that p)roclamation .wasissued, I am a citizen of the UnitedStates, with a:l the rights and privileges that any citizen has. You areespecially enjoined by that proclamation to see that I and all of my race areprotected in our legal rights, are younot ?"" Yes" replied the oficer, who sawthat he was cornered." Then I request that you leave myproperty untouched, for otherwise Ishall call upon t,he President of theUnite:i States to know whether or notthis proclamation is more than an enmpty form."The agent and his escort went backto Vicksburg. Montgomery at once addressed a letter to the commanding of-.fleer at Vicksburg, setting forth thatlie was a free man of color, -the legalowner of cert,ain plantations, whichwere specified by name; that an Qiclerof the United States had called upoiKhim and endeavored to deprive him ofhis property without due process oflaw, and lie demanded of the commanding officer his p'rotection and that ofthe United States. Still, the spoil wastoo rich to be relinquished by the treasury agents without a light, and indespair, Montgomery decided upon agreat stroke. HIe called upon theFederal commander at Vicksburg andasked that a lieutenant and guardI beput In charge at Brierfield for ten (lays't,ime, and also for leave to travel on agovernment boat bound for Cincinnati. Hie had resolved to visit Washington, see President Lincoln, and laythe case before him personally. Hiechanced to know Judge Hlolt, thenjudge advocate of the army. Whien liearrived in Washington, lie at oncewent to see him, and asked to be takento the president."I'm a free man, now judge," he.said. "You have known me ftur manyyears. I want you to take me to Mr.Lincoln and tell him what my character is, for I have importan~t businessiwith him."JdeHolt went with MontgomerytoM.Lincoln." Mr. President," he said, " this isBen Montgomery, who for 30 years,has been the private secretary of Jefferson Davis."" Private secretary ?" queried- Mr.Lincoln.r" Yes," said Judge HIolt, " timal sa what I said. Hie is an .honest, man,3 and what he says 1s true. lie.wishesto see. you on impjortant busimess, and.I will leave you and .hinm to transacti lt,"-t.and Judge Holt left them alonie.f. " Well, what can I (10 for you, my.e friend ?" asked Mr. Lincoln,, aftel-11h.I judge had gone -1l Montgomnery related what had onl curred. " Mr. ,Davis has been very', .kind to me," he #ent oii Uamd IF js this as much to heln him as to helpmyself. This war is neatly over. Ibelieve that you people will succeed.What you will do with Master Jeff, Ido not know; but I am going to do mybust to keep his wife and children fromstarving."Mr. Lincoln was deeply moved. "1)oyou mean to tell me," he asked, "thatyou have been Mr. Davis' secretaryall these years ?""1 (1o not know what you would callit, Mr. President," the negro replied," but for 30 years I have written hisbusiness letters, looked after the affairsof the plantation, carried largo sums ofmoney to New Orleans and Cincinnatifor him, and have had his fullest confldence in every way. In all his lifehe has never spoken to me an unkindword."",Do you know of any other suchcase as yours, Montgomery?" askedthe president, as he rose and pacedthe floor." No, sir, I do not," was the reply;" but, doubtless, there are such cases.Now, Mr. President, what I want youto do is this: I want you to give mea writing directing all military andcivil oflicers to protect me in the possession of my property."The president sat at his desk, andthen and there wrote an order whichenjoined upon all military, naval, andcivil officers the protection of Benjamin Montgomery, the owner of threeplantations that were named, anddirected that he be given any assistancelie might require in furtherance ofthese orders. It was signed, " Abraham Lincoln." This was about August1, 1863.Montgomery went home and at onceshowed his letter to the commandar atVicksburg, who issued orders that lie3hould be protected ii the possessionAf his property. The president directad the secretary of the treasury to instruct agents to let Montgomery alone,and he was not disturbed. After thewar, he went quietly ahead with hisbusiness. He saved money, and keptthe hands pretty well together, thoughLhey were few. During the years ofreconstruction, Montgomery went oiiwith his cotton growing, and attendedclosely to business. His credit inVicksburg and New Orleans was equalLo that of any planter in the country ;is orders for supplies - were promptly[illed, and his payments were made atthe promised time.In 1882, Montgomery felt that hewas getting too.old to i}auago properlyLhe business of, the estates. So aEriendly suit of foreclosure was brought,md the great mestate, Joseph Davis!laving been dead some years, revert3d to Jefferson Davis. He And Montonierp settled their accounts, andbIont.gomery, after that settlement,which assured him some $200,000, washe richest colored man in Mississippi.L'wo years - thereafter he dlied. Nonan, white or black, could have beennoro siCerely mourned. 'Montgom3ry's funeral was attended by Mr. Davisnud by all the prominent pianters withn 20 or 30 miles. In an address at thegrave, Mr. Davis said : " I have hadii my life many true and faithfulriends, but none more faithful thanwas he whom this day we have laid'toest. .P.. - FBILL ARP TELLS THE FACTS.[ONORANCE IN TILE NORT H.Einny Tink Slavery .Just Grew.Unp in the Soth -'e y Knowthat Grant Owvned Slaves,Wanted-In 1881 General Henry R.Jackson, of Savannah, delivered in Atanta the most notable, instructive axd'sloquient address -that has' beon hoai'din Georgia since the civil war. Themubject was " The Wanderer,'' a slalvo.ihip that landed on the Georgia coastLn 1858. But the whole address wasin historical recital of iauny political.civonts that led to the civil war and-ofwhich the generation that has grownuip since were profoundly ignorant andstill are. It was delivered by.rerltiest ofthe Young Men's Library Associatien,when Henry Grady was its chairman,and I suppose was published. indpamphlet form and could1 be had onapplication. But I have sought invain to find a copy. I have a newspaper copy, but it has been worn tothe quick and is almost - illegible. Iwrote to Judge Pope BarroW, who isGeneral Jackson's executor, and hocan find none among. the 'gen.eral'spapers. Can any veteran furnish mea copy? I would also be pleased toobtain a copy of Daniel Webster'sspeech at Capon 'Springs; -which waWsuppressed by his publishers and towhich General Jackson makes allusion.General Jackson was a great ian.lie won his military laurels in the warwith Mexico. iIe was assistant attorney general, under - jhuchanan whenJeremiah Black was the chief. Hewas the vigilant, determined, conscient,ious prosecutor of those who ownedand equipped and oflicorod -the- ordjslave ship that ever landed on theGeorgia . coast. 10 was a .man ofsplendid culture'-afra.a poet:of:'Alilityand reputation. Strange it is that thismagnificent address has not boon com.pliled in the appendix,of 'some Soutkerehistory, as a land-mae for the ~rosedee6nerationa..~ l$,19 sa&>and' mpxt.fijing titouwyoung and m'iddle-aged men and, ourgraduates frmote ggigskaAo little of 6tXr' aun~ti1.iltaitory.The Northern people are equally Ignorant of tho.' :i -of s lavery and -1rorIl ca.uses that VQciprtated the, ivilw. "Most-bi 'tbh have a vague 6dOthat!slavery was born and just gt-emMi lh t,he South-came..up out of thngroiind like the 17-ye -oI e eaand was our sin and ot.r cutse. Notone in ten thousand will believe thatthe South never impoi ted a slave fromAfrica, but got all we had by purchaseI from our Northern brethren. I wouldwager a thousand dollars against tenthat not a man under fifty nor a schoolboy who lives North of the line knowsor believea that General Grant, theirgreat military hero and idol, was aslave owner and lived off of their hireand their service while he was lighting us about ours. l,incoln's proclamation of freedom came in 1863, butGeneral Grant paid no attention to it.lie continued to use them as slavesuntil January, 1865. (See his biography by Gneral James Grant % ilsonin Appleton's Encyclopedia.) Genioral Grant owned these slaves in St.Louis, Mo., where lie lived. IIe wasa bad nianager and just before the warbegan he moved to Galena and wentto work for his brother in the tanyard.While there he caught tl'e war feverand got a good position under Lincoln,but had lie remained in St. l.ouiswould have greatly preferred one onour side. So said Mrs. (Grant a fewyears ago to a newspaper editor in St.Augustine.How many of this generi.tion Northor South know or will holieve that aslate as November, 1s1, NathanielGordon, master of a New Englandslve ship, called the Erie, was convicted in New York city of carrying onthe slave trade. (See Appleton.) .Lustthink of it and wonder, In 661 ourNorthern brethren made war upon utsbecause we enslaved the negroei: wehad bought from thenm, but at the sametime they kept on bringing nm>re fromAfrica and begging us to buy them.How many know that Etiglan(, ourmother country, never emancipatedho slaves until 184:;, when twelvemillions were set free in the EastIndies and one hundred millions ofdollars paid to their owners by act ofparliament? It is only within the lasthalf century that the importation ofslaves from Africa has generallyceased. Up to that time evory civilizedcountry bought. them and ensl:ivedliem. Eughsh statesmen and clergymen said it was better to bring themaway than to have then] continue inthoir barbairi.ui and cannibalism. Andit.was brtter.I believe it was God's providencethat they should ba brought away andplaced in slavery, but the way it wasdone was iiihunian and brutal. Thehorrors of the middle passage, as theocean voyage was called, is the mostawful narrative I ever read aind] reminds me of )ante's " Inferno."About half the cargo survived and the(lead and lying were tumbled into thesea. The owners said we can affr(lto lose half and still have a thousandper cent prolit. Rlev. Jolii Newton,one of the sweetest poets who everwrote a hymn, the author of " Amazing grace, how sweet the sound, .thatsavcd a :wretch like ?" " Saviour, ViitThy Plantation," "Safely ThroughAnothe'r Week," and many others,was for many years a deck hand on aslave ship and saw all its horrors. liebecame converted, but soon after became captain of a slaver and for fouryears pursued_it diligently and nuitigated its-cruelty.' Then lie quit and we:itto preaching, and says in his autobiographty that it never occurred to himthat t,here was anything wrong or immoral in the slave trade where it washumanely conducted. The Savioursaidl: " Oltences must, needs come,but woe unto them by whoni theycome.'-In Appleton's long- anid exhaustivearticle on slavery it is said that slaveryin some form has existed ever sincehuman history began. And it appearsto have been undelr the sanction ofProvidenice as far- -back as the (lays oflNoah and Abraham. The lat,ter hadi avery groat household and'many scr'vants,$*hom lie had( bought with hismoney. Th'li word slave appears buttwicoin the Bible. It is synonymous.wit.h -servant mgrid bondsman. Tihiorehas been no time since the Christianera that the dlominiant, nations have notowniedl slaves-sometimes the bondagewas hard, 'but as'a general rule themaster found it to his interest to bekinfl 'to his' slaves. ~As 1Bob Tioombssaidh 'n his Boston sliecchi " It is iiotto our.interest to starve our slaves anymore than it, is to starve our horsesandl horned cattle.'' Shortly aift,or thelitt,le cargo that the Wanderer broughtwere secretly scatteredl around I sawsome of them at work in a large gar4en in Columbus, Ga., and1( was toldthat they were dlocile andl quicklylearned to dig and to hoe, but that it,was hard to t,each them to eat, cookedmeat. -'['hey -wanted it raw andbloodly. -*They were miserable littlerunts, " Guinea negroes," with thicklips and flat noses, but they grew upinto better shape and miadei good servants, and I know were far better offthan in their native jupgies, the,preyof stronger tribes, and made food forcannibials.No, there wvas no si'n in slavery av~instituted in the South'hiy our fathersand forefathers, aiid that, is why Iwrite thi.s letter-perhaps the last .lshall ovcr write oni this subject.. /Iwish to impress it upop our bgy9 q dgirls, so that they may' be re'ady and'willing t9 defend thiter So4tberpn ancesiIra from -theoelss.dhmio'of seferlng now for the sinis of their fathers.- .4 'Mortheorn friend writes :" D)oplease lot up on the negro. We uphere are tired of. him':~ Give .us 'hioreof your'leasantpie.ttros of dome,sticlife, etc., but let the neogro go dead."-.Ao dhoes,.nOt .know.thiat .the negtband., whsit. is to becomo o~f him is aqu,bation of trenoradlous moment'alhn e'ani.t tist be written ribout.E .'.ut,I will refraini as long as it, is p,rudent.-dg.oWj WOtl. ike to hire a man t,ocuss the black rascal who came intmy back yard the other night and stolmy grind stone. For five years I havlet every darkoy grind his ax whwanted to, and now I can't grind nown. The fact is I have no ax tgrind, for they stole that first.B1LL Am'.TWO QUAINT CIIARACTERSOne Mountaineer WIto Driikea Lot and( Anotier not at allBoth Are Re1)tl)licansm3.Mr. Jas. A. lloyt, Jr., in The Stato:( Rr:EN v I .1.:, Oct. 8.---' Martinfrom the Creek " is a character whoseeccentricIties have been so long knownaround Greenville that his fame, likethe prophet's honor, is not so greathereabouts. Martin is proud of hisrecord as a Republican and as a con3umer of corn liquor.The writer met Martin on the streetyesterday--it being the first time hetad had that pleasure for many months,d a good deal of whiskey can be conmmned in a few months by one whoseapacity is good. This was about whatwas said:(( Well, Martin, how are you? Theybell mle you've quit drinking and comie>vcr to the I )emocrats !"" Who told you that? Name thenan Il'd like to confront hin!'''' I t isn't so?''Certainly not. lRut I have aboutIuit drinking. I'm ettmll' old and,ight or ten drinks a day sots mec up)retty high."Knowing that Martin claims to havemt estimate of the qiuantity of whiskeyto has dlunk during his lifetime, aalculation kept by his good wife, thevriter asked for the latest ligures:'' Four hundred and eighty-one bar'lc at 45 gallons a barrels," said Marin. "t How much does that comeIt wa's !lgured out. that according tohis estimate "( \Iartin from thereek " has laid away 20,745 gallonsf whiskey, good, better and best-- forlartin says noue of it is bad. If thealculation is carried out it will be t;cenhat in order to have consumed thisnich whiskey in his 70 or 75 yearslartin must have averaged severaltints a (lay. This is by no means imw saiblc, and lartin's claim to beinga liviing monument to liquor " is not( preposterous (after all. The temt,cranlce alvo'ce could figure out aIne lesson frmnt the anount of money,hIis qIuantity of hiquor represents.While Al:artilt las "'about" (uit drinkng," he says Telddy is all right. aun(diure to be elected---hio is a Itepul icanstill, it seemts, though he will takevliekey that coies from cither a lieublican or Democratic 'still."-.lollNNil nII 11. nH s.'Juohun iB'iers is another Greenvillesharacter, but quito (n the oppositeinc from " Martin from the (hek.")ohnnie, like Martin, 1s a Iepublicali,nt his pl ido is in two other things,i1s record as at member of the llaup,on legion and his religion.Iiuiers is a native of Germany an(1erved, l believe, in the German ar:my.At any rate he cane to this countryn time(t to light for South Carolina inhe War for S,uthern Inilpencence.Hlis admiration for "1 Mart '' (ary, unier whom he served, is uinbounded,)tit lie admUits his gener-al had 01ne fault,-he wotuldl " cuss,"For a long time .Johnnic IHeiers washcueral delivery clerk in t,he postofice,mad in those Clays ho knew everybodyni this section aind cycrybiody knewim. Being a itepublican lie lost hisjob somie years ago under a D)emocrat,icidministrat.ion, iand has nIot had theeasicat, sort, of time since and1( lisbollth lias 1)een bad. Kniowing thesefats someIi of t,he llpublicans musthave wantt.ed to help himu along, forJohnnie told me ani incidlent, this mnorniinlg that seems to prove it. In hisD)utch-EFnglish hie said that he haCdbeeni offered a position of Sonme sort int government, distillery, and his replyo0 t,he letter from Columbia wits seinething like this:You may kniow that for four yeai s Iwas a Confederate soldier and1( fotghitthe Yankees. Since that time I 'vebeeni a solier of the Cross and1( fight.ing the dlevil. I can't go over to thetievil's side no0w and have anything todlo with making whiskey. I dlon'twant your job.Yours truly,.JolJNN I I BEiIClm.That,'s the refusal as close as it canibe reculled from Johinnic's recitatl inhis broken E'nglish.The Great Coali Strikce 1i4 NearThe great anithratc coal strike inPennsylvania has been virtually endedI, unless the i)nneA -organizationAhall refuse to, adicept tyc terms of arbitration, ana,hoir..[decision will benPcl) y a5 ciOnvenitlii on Monday,26t'h i ni. Thebitrators were choseby Pr lsident oevelt, andl this coi.ii4(n will. 'adjusL the dliffereice be.ig Geminers and operators.Mrn and Mrs. .J. Terrell Smnith, oWilliston, 8. 0., who Cdonated thfundls for the erectioii of the SmitiIlomoe at Connie Max well Orphanagvisited the place Jlast week, which waMr. Smnith's fIrst visIt to the orphaunage.A great (deal more cot,n is b)e1mshipped to Chaileston than formier1Charlest.on will have a gala week iDecember.o SO;TR CAlmoi,1N,s'sc SitNAT1OtS,0 It ia Till \' Who 1101(s t heSeat of John C. Callholln.Mr. A. 8. Sally, Jr., in The 8tat,:In the late Senatorial camiIuVn in thisState it Was quite cotmmon tio hear itsaid of so and so that lie was " hnt litto Occupy the seat of .Johu C. (aihoun." Now, as a matter of fact , aswell as of congratula' ion, One seat nowoccupied by Senator McL,aurin is notthe seat that Calhoun filled. SenatorTillman holds the seat that Mr. Calhoun so ably filled for so many years.When tho first Congress of theUnitod Statcs met in 1789 South Carolina was repto- ented in the Smnate byMessrs. Ralph Izardl and Pierce Butler. Senator Izard's term was for sixyears, ending March 3, 1795. SenatorButler's for four years, ending March3, 1793. In 1792 the Legislature reilected Senator Butler for a six years'tern, but he resigned in 1796, andJohn Iiunter was elected to fill out theterm. In November, 1798, Senatorlimiter resigned and Gov. Charlesl'inckney was elected to fill out theterm, which expired March 3, 1799.At the same time Mr. Pinckney waselected for the full term of six years,beginning March 4, 1799. IIe resigned in 1801 and Gen. Thomas Sumterwas elected to till out the term,in 180 i Gen. Sumtcr was re-electedfor the full tern, beginning March 4,1805, but he resigned in 1810 and.loln Taylor was elected to fill out theterm, endilng AMarch :3, 1811, and alsofor the full term, beginning March 4,181. Senator Taylor resigned in18It;, and\ William Smith was elected tto till out. the tern and also foi' the full tterml, beginnig March 4,1817. jiAVNEI- AND (:AI,I0tiN, Ili 1822 l'ohert Y. Ilayne was elected to succeed Seit')r Smith for the c1lnl term, bhginning March 4, 1823, Jaill n I 28 Senator llayne was re- telected for a te coind tein, Ieginnmlg rMarh1 I, 1 b82, lut lie resigned in 1832 1and .ohn C. Calhoun was elected tofill out his tertn, Mr. tallhouun resign- hing Ihe otlice of Vice I'resideul, to go toi the Iloor of the Senate. In 1834 e1Senator (Calhourn was re-electel for afull termi of six years, endi,ng Mlarch J3, 18-t I, and in 18,10 he was re-elete< wfor a thu-d term, le.inning March 'I, t1841 , but he resigned in 1812 and I1Judilg!e I)uiel Elliott IIuger was elect.- 11ed to liil out the term, hut Mr. Cal.. c.houn's premence in thi Seuat e was soomnced<lu(, and in 1815 Senator lucer re- Jsigned and il\r. Calhoun was returnted Iito his oll seat.. In 1841; he was re- Selected for a fourth term, enling aiMarch 3, I15:. lie died \ratch il3, I18. (, an1d (I' rnorr ''ablruotk IappImt- (,ad Ilin. F. 11. 1Ihnorte t.o the vacancyso created.Alr. I:Imlore died 11aty 211th f"ollowyini:, and (1i1vernor Seabirook aip1oint.edi "[lon. Robert W. liartiwell to th(. t(vacancy. In D)eetbt'er following the eLegislature elected lion. Robert arn- twell I lett to till out the term, but, iSenator ihett served ut,it a little over ea year aal re,igned. ioveInor M lcansappointed l[i. William 1". I )eSaussure tito the 'acancy, aui wheii the I,cu islature met ;cuattr I )lSaussure waselected to fill ot, the term. At thesane time .1itIge losila J. l"vans was uelectedl as Senaitoi lh:Saiussure's siue- (ecessor for the lull term, beginningiMarch ', I1853 Seinaitr l'Cvanis died IMay h , 1858, and ( lover'nor Al lston ap1- apointed Arthur 1'. ilaytne to thevacancy so creatted.The Ilaegislatmoe, in I )ecembhor fol -lowing, elect.ed ,bunes (Chestinut, .Jru.,to till out the term , end inag M arch 't,1859, and lor the full terma, b,e.itnnin'gMNarch -1, 1 85'., aind ondling MIarch ;t,18t;5. Seinator Chestrmtii reti red from tthe Seuiate November 10, 181,0.Friom that (lat.e until Julne 25, 1 8t;8,the State was nmot represented ini theSenate of the Un aitedl States, but, iI1808 Tihomtas .J. ltobertson was electedl 1Senator for t,he te rmn, begin amntg March'I, 18W5, and enidinig M ach 4I, 187, I.in 1870 lie was re-elect.ed for the fulltermt, exp)irinig March 3, 1877. Th'leLIegislat,ure elected G'm. M. C. liutlerto succeed Senator Itobertsoni, and bythe smiue body lie was re-elected in1882 tand in 1888, retiring M arch 4I,1895, ini favor of 11. lI. Tillmiani, thepriesent repiresentative of the D emnocracy of South Carolina, wvho hadt defeated himi before the L egislat,uro in1894.It will be seen that 119 Senators haveoccupjied this seat mtade so famous byJ ohna C. Calhoun in t,hi 15 years t,hat,lie occupiedl it. It is also worthy ofniote that Mr. Latimer, whetn lie willhave takeni his seat, will be the I19thSenat,or t,o hiavc occutpiedl the seat, oflzardl and1 Gaillard and Preston andIMcD)utile andi Hampton. slut, the Calhoun seat possesses onie ilvantauge that,the other does not. 1i, has never beu,noccupied by ani alien knave. No onebut a native bor.n South Carolinan hassucceedled Calhoun, while the otherseat, reserved for a Sout,h Carolinian,has been occuipiedl by a Sawyer and aP'att,crson, carpetbaggers who iNere" among us, but nOo us."TliEa SEA'r 1HE1) nii 3t'laAislN.Mr. Izard, who secured the sixyears' term in 1779, was succeededi March 4, 1795, by ,Jacob Read, andy Senator Read was, in turn, defeatedi for re-election in 1800 by. Johm E4winga Coltoun. . Senator. Colhoun,.is:. p.opus,a larly supposed to have hecon. of' .ti. same family as-John Calhoun, but.he,was not,. Hie spelled his8 name diffe'rert.ly and his family came to South Carohuma from " Fawny, County - Tyroneo,g and1 Kingdom of . 1reland.'' John C.'Calhoun's ....grAnidfather came froteCouty Doif gal to Pennsylvah Isni ;1731, and his father, P'atrick Calhouncamne t.n sinth Camna4 frmm virgimin 1750. The two families might havecome of the same stock originally,.Jol C. Calhotm, however, marriedthe daughter of John Ewing Colhoun.sI.ivm v O\'Fu 21 YEARS.The latter died October 20, 1802.anl ex-Senator Pierce Butler was"I.Ectedl by the Legislature to fill outiNs teri. Senator Butler resigned in1'I t4, mai'l the Legislature elected John(ailarn to fill out the term. SenatorGaillard was re-elected in 1800, in>812, in i;1, and in 1824, but diedP()rary' 21, 1 2;, and Governorappointed ILon. Williamairper to the vacancy so created.Senator ('aillard served for over 21year-s-the longe4t tne that any Senator from tlhk State has ever served,Senator Al. U. Iutler coluin" nextwith 18 years. Over half of the timethat, Senator Gail lard was in theSenate he was president pro ten ofthat body, and it is said thatlon one occasion he acted as President of theUnited States for one (lay. Ills successor, Senator Harper, served untilthe meeting of the Legislature in Novvember, 1820, when ex-Senator William Smith was elected to fill out theterm.PREiCSTON AND M'DUFFIlC.In 1830 Governor Stephen 1). Millerwas elected by the Legislature to sucfeed Senator Smith on March -1hli, folowing. Senator Miller resigned in1b33 and the Legislature elected Wiliam C. Preston to fill out the term.4euator Preston was re-elected in.80 for a second term, but resigneda 1842, and the Legislature electedx-Governor George McDullie to till>ut the term and also for the neworm, beginning March 4, 18-13. Senaor McDutile resigned in 184(i and the.ogilature elected Judge A. P'. But3r to fill out the term. Senator Iiutlerras re-elected in 1848 and in 1854, butled May '25, 18b7. Ex-Governorames II. Ha?mmond was elected byt0 Legislature to fill out the term, buttired from the Senate November- 10,in 18(18 the Legislature . elected'rederick A. Sawyer to fill out therm, beginning March 4,' 1807, andiding March 3, 187:. Sawyer wasicceeded on March 4-,.1873- by John,'atterson.. In. 1879. Patterson, theorst specimen thiit ever occupied thele seat, 'gave plae? - td the great:de''an that ever filled, it,. ,. ioral "Wadeaip,ton. Senator Hampton was re-.eeted in 188-1 and served until March, tSl, when he was succeeded byhn L. M. Irby, who had defeited'.im belfoiu "Ilie le gislature .in:;1890.nuator lrby ret.ire< March 3, 1807,id was succeeded by Judge 'Josephf. l:arle, who had received the Demo-.ratic nomination in the primaries theminnmor before. Senator E3arle died ai'jrt time after taking his seat, andovernor 1;llerbo appointed John L,lel,aurin to fill the vacancy.. Sena)r Mel.aurin was nominated forlection by the Legislature to fill out1e term, and the Legislature eonrned the action of the primary byecting Mr. Ncl.aurin Senator. Andow Senator Mclaurin will give wayMr. I,atiiner.All:i,icIJNA:\I, f'i II 'iCit'il'C,s O TIIICNION.--The onion! is one of .the most((eIul of the coimnion vegetables notuly as an applliser, but for its medicil (quahItles, ltaten just before bedtue,' it is sid to induce alcep, andIso toI lbe a good remedy for a cold,most app)etising way to preparehem is to slice the mild, white onesits) thin~ sluces or chop fine, seasonmill with salt and pepper ; then butter.wo thin slices of lightbre'ad 'and --lreadE ai generous laycr of the chopped'1on1 between. 10ate~n in this . way.lhey aro0 very enljoyab)le.For (feel) cold mI throat oi' laings,lake a poultice by baking in the oven.uiL soft, mxash fine and put into the.oultice bag and( apply as hot as ehne borne. This has been knowri tovert pneumionila, and1( in a few-ceaseso give relief when physicians' remelies had failed. If the patient Is suf-'ering very greatly there may not; b6imne to bake the ouions, in which:ase, chop thiem as fine as possible andiceat as hot as can be borne and applymmedliately. T1hie object of banking iso retain the strength of the onion.l'hic juice of the baked onions pi.essed.mut and sweetenedl is also an excelletremedy, although not a very palatableAn excellent remedy for earache ismiade in tihe following manner : split a 6hirge onion, and take out --the contialpart, into this cavity, put a roll of ,leaftobacco, then tie the parts togetheragain andl bake either in' the stove or.thie liot, ashes, whichever may be the :miost convenient, and when cool prassout the juice and bottle. When neededl drop) a few drops Into the ear, andyou will find t,bat it will give speedy relief. - ' - ,. -Joseph Bauch, of Wallersville, Pa.,adlvertised for a wife an,d-feceived repules from all over the country. Wishing 'to share his prosperity. with 9thQrlonely bacheois', he'dIettritat.numiboer of the leitter-amokig-iestriends1They correspond,ed,witti t igriter andIas a result fiye weddilngs wilt soon take'place. -Bluch found hIs'afiinity in ea*South Caroliba woman 'with a bank ac~CASTOR I.- Er Inf4nta an Ohfldren.ein s %the Yo noAwy