The history of elements used for urban development
is closely linked to that of paving,
which is in turn linked to the urban
needs of each historic period
and the technological conditions
in the treatment of materials used.
The origin of kerbs dates back to

presentación
presentation

01

the Renaissance period.
There were a lot of pedestrians in medieval cities,
and thus streets were designed
to be walked along slowly.
The widespread use of wheeled vehicles

La historia de los elementos para urbanizar

during the Renaissance period contributed

está estrechamente vinculada

significantly to the development of roads.

a la de la pavimentación, y ésta a su vez

It was Ildefons Cerdà in his book “Teoría General de la
Urbanización (General Theory of Urban Planning)” who
identified the mass use of kerbs in the 19th century.
Furthermore, the emergence of the use of motor
vehicles, with steady increases in speed,
made it necessary to put pavements and roads
at different heights.
In her work, “The Death and Life of Great
American Cities”, Jane Jacobs,
one of the most influential voices
in urban development today, set out the need
in the 20th century for a demarcation

The enormous expressive possibilities offered
by kerbs and complementary pieces,
solely limited by the designer’s creativity,
deserve to be highlighted,
since their colours, shapes and textures
can be combined in a multitude of ways.
Thanks to their aesthetic qualities and versatility,
kerbs have a broad range of uses
in parks and gardens.
They are used to demarcate green areas
and pedestrian walkways,
create flower beds, ponds and wall edges.
Breinco offers the possibility combining kerbs, channels,
steps and ramps in the same colours as
the range of paving stones.

Es posible fabricar cualquier color de la línea BREINCO PAVEMENTS / It is possible to manufactue any colour of the BREINCO PAVEMENTS range.

Pavement / Pavimento 4
Bordillos diseñados para la delimitación de dos planos de distinta naturaleza,
al menos uno de los cuales es de circulación de vehículos.
These are road kerbs are designed to distinguish two differenttypes of planes,
one of which is for vehicle traffic.

to distinguish two different
types of planes,
one of which
is for vehicle traffic.
Their basic function is to mark
level changes,
in particular between the road
and the area for pedestrian traffic,
as well as to define areas
which are functionally different.

The common carachteristic of SPECIAL KERBS
is their belleved shape and therefore
the protection they offer vehicles.
As they have quite a large bevel, these kerbs
can be negotiated, in other words, the wheel
of a vehicle can mount the top part
of the kerb without any problems.
TR13, TR37 and TR25 SPECIAL KERBS are mainly used
for urban development.

5 Mortero de cemento
Fixing mortar

1 BORDILLO ESPECIAL
TR30
TR30
SPECIAL KERB

6 Sub base granular
Granular sub-base layer

2 Doble capa
Double layer

7 Base granular
Granular base layer

3 RIGOLA
20 x 20 x 8cm.
CHANNEL SQUARE
20 x 20 x 8cm.

8 Hormigón
Concrete
9 Asfalto
Asphalt

4 Hormigón lavado
Flowable fill

TR30, TR40 and TR60 kerbs are also used as steps apart
from their basic installations as kerbs.

GARDEN kerbs are employed to define
different types of areas.
Thanks to their aesthetic qualities and versatility,
they have been widely
used in parks and gardens.
They are mainly used to mark out green spaces,
pedestrian areas, flower beds, wall edges
and surface water channelling.
They are normally less robust than road kerbs
and may occasionally allow slow vehicle traffic.

The CHANNEL SQUARE is a complementary element
designed to be attached to the straight road kerbs
delimiting the end
of the aggregate paving.
The CHANNEL SQUARE is an 8cm.
thick square sheet with a grey or white colour
smooth surface finish.
Its aim is to provide surface drainage, helping
to collect water at the sides and securing

The quality of the SCUPPER HOLE in being able
to resist erosion caused
by the movement of water

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1

enables its use in road surface drainage,
helping to collect water
on the sides of roads
through drainage channels.
The SCUPPER HOLE is a drain type kerb
which has a rabbet or chute
for draining surface water.

The RADIUS CURVE is an accessory with curvilinear
longitudinal edges specially shaped
to adapt to the radiuses of the curves
of roads and pavements.
They are described as concave or convex
with regard to the reference line.
Ideal radiuses for the kerbs are 0,5m,
1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m, 6m,
8m, 10m and 15m. with a recommended
length of 780mm. according
to the UNE EN 1340 standard.

Decree 135/1995 of 24th March, applying Law 20/1991, of 25th November, on the promotion of accessibility and removal of architectural barriers,
and approval of the accessibility code. Appendix 1. Urban accessibility regulations. 1.2.2. Adapted passing places.
The passing place for vehicle entry and exit must be designed so that:
· The pedestrian path they cross is not affected by a longitudinal gradient of more than 12%.
· The pedestrian path they cross is not affected by a crossfall of more than 2%.

B6 hidro

52

Decreto 135/1995, de 24 de marzo, de desarrollo de la Ley 20/1991, de 25 de noviembre, de promoción de la accesibilidad y supresión de
barreras arquitectónicas, y de aprobación del Código de Accesibilidad. Anexo 1. Normas de accesibilidad urbanística. 1.2.2. Vados adaptados.
· Anchura libre mínima de 1,20m.
· Bordillo del vado enrasado con la calzada. Los cantos se redondean o se achaflanan a 45º.
· La pendiente longitudinal del vado es como máximo del 12%. La pendiente transversal máxima es del 2%.
· Señalización con pavimento de textura diferenciada.
Decree 135/1995 of 24th March, applying Law 20/1991, of 25th November, on the promotion of accessibility and removal of architectural barriers,
and approval of the accessibility code. Appendix 1. Urban accessibility regulations. 1.2.2. Adapted passing places.
· The minimum clear width is 1,20 m.
· The edge of the passing place blends with the road. The edges are rounded or canted off at an angle of 45º.
· The longitudinal gradient of the passing place is no more than 12%. The maximum crossfall is 2%.
· There are markings with paving of a different texture.

The V25 satisfactorily resolves the problems
caused by vehicles entering and leaving

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4

para evitar que las personas invidentes puedan

04

50
5

2
3

Plant / Planta

bordillo t3
t3 kerb

a building from the road.
Design requirements:
The passing places for vehicles cannot affect the pedestrian
path, which must have a minimum width of 0,90m.
Markings will not be used to identify vehicle passing places,
in order to avoid blind people
from mistaking them for passing places for pedestrians.
View / Perspectiva

The V57vg kerb is a dropped kerb designed
to alter an area of the pavement
and obtain an effective element that enables
the entry and exit of vehicles
from the building line to the road.
We have designed a straight line kerb with a high
quality resistance and surface.
There is a possibility of highlighting

2
6

View / Perspectiva

the area with brightly
coloured pieces or with a range of greys to help
visually impaired people identify it.

The V13 is a ramp designed to guarantee an effective system
for reducing vehicle speed and enables the construction

View / Perspectiva
La altura de la plataforma coincide con las aceras. En algunos casos se pueden restar 2cm.
para facilitar que la detecten los niños y las personas con deficiencias visuales.
Permite construir una plataforma de 13cm. de altura (Bordillo Recto T3) 11,80 % de pendiente.
La longitud mínima de la plataforma debe ser de 10m. Ésta longitud mínima llega a los 12 metros
cuando pasan por la carretera líneas de transporte público.
The platform is at the same height as the pavement. In some cases 2cm. can be removed in order
to help children and people with visual impairments to detect it.
It is possible to build a 13cm. high platform (T3 Straight Kerb) with a gradient of 11,80%.
The minimum length of platform must be 10m. This minimum length will be increased to 12 metres
when the road is used by public transport.

of a 13cm. high platform with a gradient of 11,80%.
The V13 ramp is a high quality concrete piece with excellent
durability and resistance to abrasion and flexiion.
Thanks to its original sinuous face it guarantees a correct transition

The SUPERSTEP step is a solid piece
with a small bevel of 1,5cm. ideal for steps
in parks and both communal and business areas.
It is a decorative and functional product.

View / Perspectiva

The SUPERSTEP piece has a smooth open face
which provides colour and results in steps
with a comfortable tread of 36 / 40cm.
and rise of 15cm.
It is manufactured with high quality concrete
with high durability and without any need

Consejos para la colocación de SUPERSTEP.
La gran versatilidad de colocación de esta pieza nos permite colocarla, además de como peldaño (dibujo A),
horizontalmente a modo de traviesa de tren, verticalmente como bordillo de jardín (dibujo B)
y formando un pequeño muro de gravedad que soporte tierras y sirva a la vez de banco (dibujo C).
Advice for installing SUPERSTEP.
As well for use a step (drawing A), this piece’s great versatility enables us to install it
horizontally as a sleeper, vertically as a garden kerb (drawing B)
and forming a small gravity wall which supports earth and acts as a bench too (illustration C).

The P51 is a functional piece for creating steps.
It has a tread of 36cm. and a rise of 15cm.
making it comfortable
to climb and descend.
It is a small piece with a length that enables
its installation in building projects.
Furthermore, the colour-contrast achieved
with the paving provides an extra visual
element alerting the pedestrian to the presence
of a drop, therefore reducing the risk of an accident.

The R4 CHANNEL DISHED is a piece designed
to drain surface run-off from roads or pavements.
In order to install it, a longitudinal open ditch is dug
in the ground next to the platform
for directing rainwater. This ditch will be covered
with the R4 CHANNEL DISHED, which is laid
on a previously prepared bed.
The R4 CHANNEL DISHED will be perfectly aligned

Selección, recepción, almacenaje y control
A diferencia de la grava, el agua e incluso el cemento,
puede decirse que no es posible hacer un buen hormigón sin una buena arena.
Unlike gravel, water and even cement,
it can be said that it is not possible to make good concrete without good sand.

La mejor secuencia de mezclado. El pigmento se dosifica al mismo tiempo
o inmediatamente después que la arena y el material inerte. Luego se agrega
el cemento y después de aproximadamente 60 segundos, se añade el agua.
The best mixing sequence. The pigment is measured out at the same time
or immediately after the sand and the inert material. Then the cement
is added and after approximately 60 seconds, the water is added.

Óxidos de hierro
Iron oxides

pigmentos
pigments

Colouring may be achieved with natural

La coloración se puede obtener con óxidos

and synthetic iron oxides.

de hierro naturales y sintéticos.

Synthetic oxides are currently preferable because:

Actualmente, son preferibles los sintéticos ya que:

· They can be produced with practically any colour tone

· Se pueden producir, prácticamente,

(except for green, blue and white).

con cualquier tonalidad cromática

· They enable coloured concrete

(excepto el verde, el azul y el blanco).

to be achieved at low cost.

· Permiten obtener hormigón coloreado a bajo coste.

· They guarantee brighter colours

· Garantizan colores más brillantes

and greater colouring ability.

y un mayor poder colorante.

· They present colour tones and a colouring

· Presentan tonalidades cromáticas y poderes

ability that can be controlled

colorantes que se pueden controlar

more effectively.

con mayor eficacia.

Breinco uses granular pigments that have

Breinco utiliza pigmentos granulados que aportan

a series of advantages over powder

una serie de ventajas frente al polvo

or liquid paste.

o la pasta líquida.

Practically 100% is pigment, without any addition

Prácticamente el 100% es pigmento, sin adición

of water to the cement, without sedimentation,

de agua al hormigón, sin sedimentación,

without freezing, a high apparent density,

sin congelación, elevada densidad aparente,

absence of dust, no waste in the sacks,

ausencia de polvillo, sin residuo en los sacos,

“clean” handling, high colouring ability

manipulación “limpia”, elevado poder de coloración

and the organic dispersants

y los dispersantes orgánicos que se encuentran

guarantee greater dispersion.

en su interior garantizan una mayor dispersión.

Influence of the pigment measurement in the final colour

Influencia de la dosis de pigmento en el color final

The saturation point depends on the type of pigment used and the colour

Moldeo de las piezas
Moulding the pieces
The prepared concrete is transported
to the moulding machine either by falling directly,
conveyor belt or carriages on rails.

05

moldeado
moulding

The concrete reaches the moulding machine
by being unloaded directly
onto feeder boxes,
which in each cycle receive approximately
the amount needed to mould the pieces
in the cycle.
It is important to prevent the concrete from being
segregated at any time during transport.

Instalación de bordillos
El espesor mínimo de la solera
será de 20cm. en caso de soportar tráficos importantes.
The minimum thickness of the base
will be 20cm. if heavy traffic loads have to be supported.

Realización de la solera
Según se encofre la solera de hormigón o no, es necesario el empleo
de más tiempo en la ejecución o puede significar una perdida de hormigón.
The question of whether the concrete floor is formed or not will determine
the amount of time spent in the preparation or may result in a loss of concrete.

with a minimum joint width of 2mm.
they must not be butt-jointed.
Mortar joints are not necessary
but can be used for aesthetic reasons.
The mortar should be freshly mixed,
consisting of
1:4 cement: sand.
Where mortar joints are used, they should be

Where units are laid over or adjacent
to a jointed concrete pavement,
suitable joints should extend through
the line of units at the joint
and continue through
the kerb race
and haunching concrete.
When mortar joints are used, movement joints
should be provided.
These movement joints should be formed
of 10mm. thick,
easily-compressible material,
extend through the kerb race
and haunching concrete,
and should be at 15m. centres.
Mortar should be used as soon as possible
and any material that has begun
to set or has been mixed
for more than two hours discarded.

Estrategias actuales: Reducir la intensidad material por unidad de servicio,
durabilidad, residuos de obra y escombros, uso del reciclado,
uso de renovables y disminuir los materiales más impactantes.
Current strategies: Reduce material intensity per service unit, durability,
construction waste and rubble, use of recycling, use of renewable
materials and reduce the use of materials that have a greater impact.

Nuevos criterios en la elección y uso de materiales
New criteria in the selection and use of materials

sostenibilidad
sustainability

An enormous amount of material

Los recursos materiales utilizados para la propia

resources are used to erect

configuración de un edificio suponen

a building:

cantidades de materiales enormes:

for example one standard square metre of building

un metro cuadrado de edificación estándar

in Catalonia requires almost 2.7 tonnes

en Cataluña supone cerca de 2,7 toneladas

of materials of more than one hundred different

de materiales de más de cien tipos diferentes,

types in a diverse range of amounts and layouts.

en proporciones y disposiciones muy diversas.

The energy required in the ordinary working

La energía necesaria para el funcionamiento

of buildings in order to achieve

ordinario de los edificios, para conseguir

habitability results in the emission

la habitabilidad, supone por ejemplo

of more than 3 tonnes of carbon dioxide

la emisión de más de 3 toneladas de CO2

per house per year

anuales por vivienda, en cantidades

and is on the rise.

que no hacen nada más que aumentar.

At the same time more than 150 kilograms

Pero al mismo tiempo se expulsan diariamente

of wastewater per inhabitant

más de 150 quilogramos de aguas residuales

is expelled each day,

por habitante, una magnitud que supera

considerably more than the 2 kilograms

considerablemente los cerca de 2 quilogramos

of domestic waste

diarios por habitante de generación

per inhabitant.

de residuos domésticos.

Transforming these diverse material flows,

Transformar estos flujos de materiales de tan

with different functions and lasting

diferente origen, funcionalidad y tiempo de

different times in the building into closed cycles

permanencia en la edificación, en ciclos cerrados

that make it possible to convert waste once more

que permitan retornar los residuos de nuevo

into resources requires strategies which supply

a recursos, precisa estrategias que abasten

many different scales and involve

muchas diferentes escalas y que impliquen la acción

the co-ordinated action of different agents

coordinada de diferentes agentes del sector,

in the sector, such as material manufacturers,

desde fabricantes de materiales, promotores,

promoters, builders, technicians, administration etc.

constructores, técnicos, administración…

And in many cases, fields of jurisdiction,

Y en muchos casos deberán, finalmente, volverse

regulations etc. will once again need to be defined.

a definir ámbitos de competencias, normativas, etc.

According to the architect Frank O’Gehry:

Según el arquitecto Frank O. Gehry:

“The future of architecture and construction

“El futuro de la arquitectura y la construcción

lies in using the most advanced technology

está en el uso de la tecnología más avanzada

in materials and engineering

en materiales y ingeniería

and applying sustainable criteria”.

y en la aplicación de criterios sostenibles”.

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El compromiso medioambiental de Breinco
Breinco’s environmental commitment
Breinco is aware of the challenge posed
by sustainability and the importance
of establishing a plan

07

sostenibilidad
sustainability

for strategy change.
Breinco is committed to complying
with environmental regulations,
preventing pollution and minimising
the impact of its activities.
Breinco’s aim is to make sure that
no environmental damage
is caused as a result of its activities