Seven researchers, including Mildred S. Dresselhaus of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have been awarded the 2012 Kavli Prizes, which include a cash award of $1 million in each field. Dresselhaus, an emeritus professor of physics, computer science, and engineering, was awarded the prize for nanoscience.

Specifically, Dresselhaus is being honored for her “research into uniform oscillations of elastic arrangements of atoms or molecules called phonons, phonon-electron interactions, and heat conductivity in nanostructures,” according to a statement by the Norwegian Academy of Science & Letters. The Kavli Prizes are a partnership between the academy, The Kavli Foundation, and the Norwegian Ministry of Education & Research.

For more than 50 years, Dresselhaus has conducted seminal research that has helped characterize the properties of nanoscale materials and clarify how they differ from those of larger-scale materials. Early in her career, she conducted research on compounds made of different chemical species sandwiched between graphite layers—known as graphite intercalation compounds—and carbon fibers, which laid the foundation for subsequent discoveries involving the C60 buckyball, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, according to the statement.

The astrophysics prize is shared by David C. Jewitt, a professor in the departments of Earth and space sciences and physics and astronomy at the University of California, Los Angeles; Jane X. Luu, a staff member at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory; and Michael E. Brown, a professor of planetary astronomy at California Institute of Technology. They are being honored “for discovering and characterizing the Kuiper Belt and its largest members, work that led to a major advance in the understanding of the history of our planetary system,” the academy’s announcement says.

Norway’s King Harald will present the Kavli Prizes at an award ceremony in Oslo on Sept. 4.