Thoracentesis

(Pleural Fluid Aspiration; Pleural Tap)

Definition

A pleural effusion is a build-up of fluid in the space between the lungs and the chest wall. This space is called the pleural space. Thoracentesis is a procedure to remove fluid from this area. There are two types of thoracentesis:

Reasons for Procedure

There is always a small amount of fluid in the pleural space. The fluid helps to lubricate the area. When too much fluid builds up in this space, it can make it difficult to breathe.Your doctor may want to test some of the fluid after removing it. The build-up of fluid can be a symptom of diseases or disorders, such as:

What to Expect

Prior to Procedure

Anesthesia

A local anesthetic will be used. It will numb the area where the needle will be inserted.

Description of the Procedure

You may be asked to sit upright on the edge of a bed or chair. Your arms will be resting on a nearby table. If your procedure involves a CT scan, you may be asked to lie on a table. Try to avoid coughing, breathing deeply, or moving during the procedure.A small patch of skin on your back, chest, or under your armpit will be sterilized. Anesthesia will be applied to this patch. It will help numb the area.The doctor may use ultrasound or CT scan images to guide the needle and monitor the fluid. A needle or thin plastic catheter will be inserted between your ribs. The needle or catheter is then passed into the pleural space. Some or all of the fluid will be drawn into the syringe.

How Long Will It Take?

About 15 minutes

Will It Hurt?

You may feel slight pain or a stinging when the needle is first inserted. As the fluid is being extracted, you may feel a sense of pulling. Tell your healthcare team if you feel extreme pain, any shortness of breath, or faint.

Post-procedure Care

At the Care CenterIf the thoracentesis is being done for diagnostic reasons, the fluid will be sent to a lab for testing. Often, another chest x-ray will be done to ensure that the fluid has been removed and that there is no sign of a collapsed lung.The doctor may begin treatment for the cause of the fluid build-up.At Home Keep the area of skin where the needle was inserted clean and dry to avoid infection. You may have your activity restricted during your recovery.If a diagnostic thoracentesis was done, ask your doctor when to expect the results.

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Call Your Doctor

After arriving home, contact your doctor if any of the following occurs:

Signs of infection, including fever and chills

Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or any discharge from the insertion site

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.