Network Working Group M. Phillips
Internet-Draft P. Adams
Intended status: Informational IBM
Expires: July 24, 2011 D. Rokicki
Software AG
E. Johnson
TIBCO
January 20, 2011
URI Scheme for Java(tm) Message Service 1.0draft-merrick-jms-uri-12
Abstract
This document defines the format of Uniform Resource Identifiers
(URI) as defined in [RFC3986], for designating connections and
destination addresses used in the Java(tm) Messaging Service (JMS)
[REF-JMS]. It was originally designed for particular uses, but
applies generally wherever a JMS URI is needed to describe the
connection to a JMS provider, and access to a JMS destination. The
syntax of this 'jms' URI is not compatible with previously existing,
but unregistered 'jms' URI schemes. However, the expressiveness of
the scheme described herein should satisfy the requirements of all
existing circumstances.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on July 24, 2011.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
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Internet-Draft JMS URI Scheme January 20111. Introduction
The "jms" URI scheme is used to designate a javax.jms.Destination
object and an associated javax.jms.ConnectionFactory object
[REF-JMS], and optionally provide additional information concerning
the way that the Destination object is to be used. Probably the most
common, and certainly the most compatible way in Java to retrieve
such destinations, is via Java Naming and Directory Information
(JNDI) [REF-JNDI] methods. So as to extend compatibility to existing
vendor mechanisms beyond JNDI lookup, the "jms" URI syntax allows
variants on the core syntax. The variant exists as an explicit part
of the syntax so that tools that are otherwise unfamiliar with the
variant can recognize the presence of a URI with an alternate
interpretation.
In its simplest and most interoperable form, this URI scheme starts
with "jms:jndi:" plus a JNDI name for a Destination. Since
interaction with some resources might require JNDI contextual
information or JMS header fields and properties to be specified as
well, the "jndi" variant of the "jms" URI scheme includes support for
supplying this additional JNDI information as query parameters.
While the "jndi" variant provides compatibility, vendors can define
additional variants. This specification defines three variants,
"jndi", "queue", and "topic". Vendors defining additional variants
are strongly encouraged to register them with IANA as documented in
Section 9.2.1.
While the "jms" URI scheme allows the location of network resources,
it does not map to a single underlying protocol, unlike most other
URI schemes that do so. Instead, it achieves interoperability
through use of a common Java-based API [REF-JAVA] for messaging.
Because of this, interoperability is dependent upon the
implementation of the API and its capabilities; two implementations
of JMS might or might not interoperate in practice. Furthermore, it
might be impractical to use "jms" URIs in non-Java environments.
As a consequence of building upon an API, rather than a protocol, the
utility of a "jms" URI depends on the context in which it is used.
That context includes agreement on the same JMS provider or
underlying protocol, agreement on how to look up endpoints (JNDI),
and when using serialized Java object messages, sufficiently similar
Java Class environments that serialized objects can be appropriately
read and written. Users of this scheme need to establish the
necessary shared context parts as just enumerated - a context which
can span the globe, or merely a small local network. With that
shared context, this URI scheme enables endpoint identification in a
uniform way, and the means to connect to those endpoints.
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Internet-Draft JMS URI Scheme January 20114. URI scheme semantics
JMS URI schemes are used to locate JMS [REF-JMS] Destination
resources and do not specify actions to be taken on those resources.
Operations available on JMS destinations are fully and normatively
defined by the JMS specification and as such, are out of scope for
this URI specification.
The required portions of the syntax include the terminal of "jms" for
the URI scheme name, the <jms-variant> element to indicate the
variant of the scheme, and the <jms-dest> element, which identifies
the destination based on the chosen variant. For the <jms-variant>
element, this document defines three values: "jndi", "queue", and
"topic". All the terminals resulting from <jms-variant> and <jms-
dest> production rule are case-sensitive.
Parameters further refine how to locate and use the Destination. The
parameter names and values are case-sensitive. They can occur in any
order, and each parameter name SHOULD NOT appear more than once. In
the event that a parameter appears multiple times, all but the last
instance of the parameter MUST be ignored. For comparison purposes,
the absence of a parameter does not mean the same thing as a URI with
a parameter set to a default value, due to the potential variation in
default values as determined by the context of a specific use.
Each variant can have query parameters specific to that variation.
All such variant-specific parameters SHOULD use the name of the
variant as the prefix to the parameters. For example, a vendor-
specific variant of "vnd.example.ex" might also define a parameter
with a name like "vnd.example.exParameter". Parameters that apply
across multiple variants, perhaps because they are generally
applicable, such as JMS settings, MUST NOT have a name that starts
with the name of any known variant. This pattern enables tools that
are otherwise unfamiliar with a particular variant to distinguish
those parameters that are specific to a variant from those that are
more generally applicable.
Examples of the URI scheme include:
jms:jndi:SomeJndiNameForDestination?
jndiInitialContextFactory=
com.example.jndi.JndiFactory&priority=3
jms:queue:ExampleQueueName?timeToLive=1000
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Internet-Draft JMS URI Scheme January 20114.1. Shared Parameters
In addition to the required particles, the jms URI scheme supports
the following shared parameters, which are available to all variants.
These parameters correspond to headers and properties on the JMS
Messages to be sent. For the parameters deliveryMode, timeToLive,
and priority, the default values might be specified in the context of
a specific use, for example by environment variables, or in the
configuration of a particular network application. JMS also defines
default values for these properties. The context default is hereby
defined as the default value in the context of a specific use, or the
JMS default for a particular property if the context does not define
a default.
4.1.1. deliveryMode
Indicates whether the request message is persistent or not. This
property corresponds to the JMS message header field
"JMSDeliveryMode" defined in section 3.4.2. of the JMS 1.1
specification. The value of this parameter MUST be "PERSISTENT" or
"NON_PERSISTENT". If this parameter is not specified then the
context default MUST be used.
4.1.2. timeToLive
The lifetime, in milliseconds, of the request message specified as a
decimal number. This property corresponds to the JMS Time-To-Live
value defined in section 4.8 of the JMS 1.1 specification. If this
parameter is not specified then the context default MUST be used.
4.1.3. priority
The JMS priority associated with the request message. As per section3.4.10 of the JMS 1.1 specification this MUST be a value between 0
and 9, inclusive, as a decimal number. This corresponds to the JMS
message header field "JMSPriority". If this parameter is not
specified then the context default MUST be used.
4.1.4. replyToName
This property corresponds to the JMS message header field
"JMSReplyTo" defined in section 3.4.6 of the JMS 1.1 specification.
As interpreted by the particular variant, this property value
specifies the JMS destination object to which a response message
ought to be sent.
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Internet-Draft JMS URI Scheme January 20114.2. JNDI Variant
The "jndi" variant implies the use of JNDI for discovering the
Destination object. When this is specified as the variant, the <jms-
dest> portion of the syntax is the name for JNDI lookup purposes.
Additional JNDI specific parameters can be specified. The JNDI
specific parameters SHOULD only be processed when the URI variant is
"jndi".
4.2.1. JNDI Parameters4.2.1.1. jndiConnectionFactoryName
Specifies the JNDI name of the Java class (see section 3.8
"Identifiers" of [REF-JLS] for the specification of a legal Java
class name) providing the connection factory.
4.2.1.2. jndiInitialContextFactory
Specifies the fully qualified Java class name of the
"InitialContextFactory" implementation class to use.
4.2.1.3. jndiURL
Specifies the JNDI provider URL, in a form consistent with
javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getURLContext(String scheme, Hashtable
environment) as defined in the JNDI specification [REF-JNDI].
4.2.1.4. Additional JNDI Parameters
It is possible that connecting to a JNDI provider requires additional
parameters. These parameters can be passed in as custom parameters
(see Section 4.4). To identify a custom parameter as JNDI specific,
the parameter name needs to start with the prefix "jndi-".
For example, if the JNDI provider requires a parameter named
com.example.jndi.someParameter, you can supply the parameter in the
URI as: jndi-com.example.jndi.someParameter=someValue
4.2.2. Example of Performing a JNDI Look-up
To perform a look-up based on a JNDI variant URI using Java APIs an
application might start by creating a JNDI InitialContext object.
The InitialContext object can then be used to look up the JMS
ConnectionFactory object (using the "jndiConnectionFactoryName" URI
parameter); the target JMS Destination object (using the <jms-dest>
portion of the JMS URI); and the "replyToName" JMS Destination object
(if the "replyToName" parameter is specified on the URI).
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The application creates the InitialContext object by first setting up
two properties: "Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY", with the value of
the jndiInitialContextFactory JMS URI parameter; and
"Context.PROVIDER_URL", with the value of the jndiURL URI parameter,
and then passing the two properties to the InitialContext
constructor.
To locate a connection factory or destination object, the application
passes the name of the object into the InitialContext.lookup()
method.
For example, the JMS URI...
jms:jndi:REQ_QUEUE
?jndiURL=file:/C:/JMSAdmin
&jndiInitialContextFactory
=com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory
&jndiConnectionFactoryName=CONNFACT
&replyToName=RESP_QUEUE
...would be used by the following (non-normative) code sample to
locate and retrieve a JMS ConnectionFactory called "CONNFACT", and
JMS Destinations called "REQ_QUEUE" and "RESP_QUEUE", from a file
system JNDI context called "c:/JMSAdmin".
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/*
* Preconditions on URI:
* - portion <jms-dest> has been parsed into variable "jms_dest"
* - parameters "jndiConnectionFactoryName",
* "jndiInitialContextFactory", "replyToName" and "jndiURL" have
* been parsed into variables of the same name
*/
Hashtable environment = new Hashtable();
environment.put(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
jndiInitialContextFactory);
environment.put(Context.PROVIDER_URL, jndiURL);
/*
* Create File System Initial Context
*/
Context ctx = new InitialContext(environment);
/*
* Now get the JMS ConnectionFactory and Destination. These will
* be used later on in the application to create the JMS
* Connection and send / receive messages
*/
ConnectionFactory jmsConnFact = (ConnectionFactory)
ctx.lookup(jndiConnectionFactoryName);
Destination requestDest = (Destination) ctx.lookup(jms_dest);
Destination replyDest = (Destination) ctx.lookup(replyToName);
The ConnectionFactory is used to create a Connection, which itself is
used to create a Session. The session can then be used to create the
MessageProducer - which sends messages to the target destination, and
the MessageConsumer which receives messages from the replyToName
destination (as shown in the following code extract)
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/*
* Create a producer to send a message to the request destination
* that was specified in the URI, then create the message, setting
* the replyToName destination in the message to the one specified
* in the URI, and send it.
*/
MessageProducer producer = sess.createProducer(requestDest);
BytesMessage reqMsg = sess.createBytesMessage();
reqMsg.setJMSReplyTo(replyDest);
producer.send(reqMsg);
/*
* Create a consumer to get a message from the replyToName
* destination using a selector to get the specific response to
* this request. The responder sets the correlation ID of the
* response to the message ID of the request message
*/
MessageConsumer consumer = sess.createConsumer(replyDest,
"JMSCorrelationID = '" + reqMsg.getJMSMessageID() + "'");
Message respMsg = (Message) consumer.receive(300000);
4.2.2.1. Performing a JNDI Look-up with Custom Parameters
Any parameters with a prefix of "jndi-" MUST be used to set custom
properties when establishing a connection to the JNDI provider. The
name of the custom property is derived by removing the "jndi-" prefix
from the URI parameter name, and the value of the property is the
value of the parameter.
For example, the JMS URI...
jms:jndi:REQ_QUEUE
?jndiURL=file:/C:/JMSAdmin
&jndiInitialContextFactory
=com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory
&jndiConnectionFactoryName=CONNFACT
&jndi-com.example.jndi.someParameter=someValue
...instructs the consumer to use the following properties to connect
to the JNDI provider:
java.naming.provider.url=file:/C:/JMSAdmin
java.naming.factory.initial=
com.sun.jndi.fscontext.RefFSContextFactory
com.example.jndi.someParameter=someValue
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Internet-Draft JMS URI Scheme January 20114.3. Vendor Destination Names - Variants "queue" And "topic"
The JMS Session object provides a means to directly access queues and
topics. Specifically, it has the methods Session.createQueue(String
name), and Session.createTopic(String name). These methods can be
used to "create" the Java representation of an existing JMS Topic or
Queue.
Since the Session interface requires external knowledge about whether
a given name relates to a queue or topic, rather than introducing one
new variant, this section defines two variants. A JMS URI can
indicate which of these methods to use by specifying the appropriate
variant - either "queue" or "topic". For example:
jms:queue:ExampleQueueName
to identify a JMS queue Destination, and
jms:topic:ExampleTopicName
to identify a JMS topic Destination.
JMS only specifies one way to obtain the names used by these APIs.
With a JMS Queue or Topic available, an implementation can call
Queue.getQueueName(), or Topic.getTopicName(), respectively, both of
which return a String object. To create a correct corresponding URI,
the resulting string MUST use standard URI escape mechanisms so that
the resulting characters conform to the production <jms-dest>.
4.3.1. Treatment of replyToName parameter
When used with the "queue" and "topic" variants, the replyToName
parameter, specified in section 4.1.4, always refers to a name of a
JMS queue to look up via the Session.createQueue() method, or its
equivalent. For either variant, if a JMS topic is instead required
as a response destination, a JMS URI can employ the
"topicReplyToName" parameter. This parameter defines a name to look
up with the Session.createTopic() method, or its equivalent.
A JMS URI MUST NOT specify both a "topicReplyToName" and a
"replyToName" parameter.
4.3.2. Obtaining a Session via JNDI
Using the Session.createQueue(), and Session.createTopic() methods
assumes that a client program has already obtained a Session object.
Where does that Session object come from - how does a client get it?
One way to get a Session is simply to access vendor specific APIs.
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Another way to get a Session object is to simply revert to using
JNDI. That is, if a Session is not available to the client from some
other context, the "queue" and "topic" variants MAY reuse the URL
parameters specified in section 4.2.1, JNDI Parameters. Via JNDI,
those parameters will identify a ConnectionFactory, which can then be
used to obtain a Session object.
Combining the "queue" and "topic" variants with JNDI lookup for an
implementation of ConnectionFactory raises an important consideration
for JMS URI clients. Once clients employ JNDI for one part of
discovering a Destination, they almost certainly could use a vendor-
neutral JNDI lookup for a Destination object itself, rather than
using vendor-specific means. As a result, clients need to carefully
consider whether it makes sense to use JNDI for one part of this
problem, without using it for the other.
4.3.3. Limitations of "queue" and "topic"
The JMS specification clearly identifies the two methods on the
Session interface as returning vendor specific names for
destinations. Consequently, users of the JMS URI scheme ought to
carefully consider when these two variants might be employed. If
users plan switching between JMS vendors, they might also need to
plan on regenerating resources that contain URIs in this vendor
specific form.
A JMS vendor can provide alternate ways to obtain the names that can
be passed to Session.createQueue(), and Session.createTopic(). When
using names derived from those alternate means, users of this URI
specification are encouraged to verify that the obtained names work
as expected in all circumstances.
4.4. Custom parameters
The set of parameters is extensible. Any other vendor- or
application-defined parameter can be supplied, in the URI, by passing
it as <param-name>=<param-value> just like the set of well-known
parameters.
_Warning_: Vendors and applications MUST NOT include sensitive
information (such as authorization tokens) in a URI. Other means of
authorization, authentication, and identification ought to be used.
Also see the security discussion below about properties that might be
duplicated as JMS message properties.
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Internet-Draft JMS URI Scheme January 20115. Encoding considerations
The jms URI scheme distinguishes between <unreserved> characters and
<pct-encoded> characters, as defined in [RFC3986]. Apart from these
encoding considerations, the characters '?' and '&' MUST be encoded
when they appear within the <jms-dest> particle (for example, a JNDI
name) or in query parameters. The character ':' SHOULD be escaped,
when appearing in the <jms-dest> portion of the syntax.
Conversions to and from IRIs follow the rules of RFC 3987, sections
3.1 and 3.2. As per sections 1.2c and 6.4 of [RFC3987], all parts of
the jms URI MUST use the UTF-8 encoding when converting to and from
IRI format.
6. Applications/protocols that use the JMS URI scheme name
A variety of vendors provide implementations of the JMS Service
Provider Interface (SPI). These products interoperate at the API
level, in the Java programming language.
Some vendors have provided additional products which interoperate
with their own SPI implementations. These extensions might also be
able to make use of this URI scheme.
The vendors working on this URI scheme are also working on a
specification for carrying SOAP messages over their respective
implementations of JMS [REF-SOAPJMS]. In addition, the Service
Component Architecture Bindings TC [1] at OASIS employs the jms URI
scheme to identify JMS Destinations in [REF-SCA-JMS].
7. Interoperability considerations
This jms URI scheme focuses on identifying a JMS Destination object,
and some characteristics of communication using that Destination, and
specifically excludes any notion of describing how JMS itself is
implemented and how it delivers messages. As a consequence of this
focus, interoperability concerns are limited to how implementations
obtain and use a Destination object.
This scheme definition describes three variants for obtaining a
Destination. These variants achieve their aims with the use of JNDI
and JMS APIs, with no new APIs or protocols defined here. As a
consequence, interoperability concerns might arise as a result of
implementations that do not conform to the specifications for those
APIs. Further, the use of Java, and JNDI in particular, means that
the configuration of the execution environment, and the use of Java
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Internet-Draft JMS URI Scheme January 2011
ClassLoaders can affect the interpretation of any given URI.
Consumers of these URIs are urged to consider the scope and
consistency of the environment across which these URIs will be
shared.
As described in Section 4, others can define additional variants,
which provide the means to describe how to look up JMS Destination
objects in a manner specific to some environment. For any new
variant, the shared parameters defined in Section 4.1 MUST have the
same meaning in that variant as they do here. That way, tools and
people can safely copy these parameters between environments. Note
that while additional variants might seem more flexible, employing
variants not defined here might make it more difficult to switch to
an alternate JMS provider.
8. Security ConsiderationsSection 7 of [RFC3986] identifies some of the security concerns that
ought to be addressed by this specification.
8.1. Reliability and Consistency
This specification identifies only the variant (<jms-variant>) and
variant specific details (<jms-dest>) as an essential part of the
URI. For reliability and consistency purposes, these are the only
part that can reasonably be expected to be stable. Other optional
JMS configuration and message properties, indicated as URI
parameters, like the "timeToLive", can reasonably be determined by
the sender of a message, without affecting the recipient. Insofar as
a recipient might wish to dictate certain parameters, such as the
"jndiConnectionFactoryName", those parameters can be specified.
8.2. Malicious Construction8.2.1. Recipient Concerns
A malicious consumer of a service using a JMS URI could send, as part
of a JMS message, a URI with a parameter such as "timeToLive" with a
value specified in the URI that differs from the corresponding JMS
message property ("JMSExpiration" header field, in this example). In
the case of such messages with such URIs, recipients are strongly
cautioned to avoid applying processing logic based on particular URI
parameters. Discrepancies in the message could be used to exploit
differences in behavior between the selectors that a JMS-based
application might use to affect which messages it sees, and the
processing of the rest of the application. As defined in this
document, the parameters of concern include:
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deliveryMode
timeToLive
priority
Message senders are strongly urged to remove from the URI extra
parameters like the above in environments where the data will be
redundant with information specified elsewhere in the JMS message.
Any use of additional parameters, either as a part of a definition of
a new variant, or for more general use, SHOULD also specify whether
those parameters ought to be removed by a sender as specified here.
If a recipient is aware of the jms URI scheme, and it receives a
message containing a JMS URI, it MUST ignore or discard parameters
that it does not recognize.
8.2.2. Sender Concerns
A third party could intercept and replace a URI containing any of the
JMS/JNDI configuration parameters, such as
"jndiConnectionFactoryName", "jndiInitialContextFactory", "jndiURL".
As these parameters can affect how an implementation establishes an
initial connection, such parameters could be used as a means to
subvert communications. This could possibly result in re-routing
communications to third-parties, who could then monitor sent
messages. Clients SHOULD NOT use these URI parameters unless assured
of their validity in trusted environments.
8.3. Back-end Transcoding
This specification, in using the URI specification, and building
around the JMS specification, has no particular transcoding issues.
Any such issues are problems with the underlying implementation of
Java and Java Messaging Service being employed.
8.4. Semantic Attacks
A possible semantic attack on the "jndi" variant could be
accomplished by replacing characters of the JMS URI from one language
with equivalent looking characters from another language, known as an
"IDN homograph attack" (IDN) [REF-Homograph]. This kind of attack
could occur in a variety of ways. For example, if an environment
allows for the automatic registration of JNDI destination names, a
malicious actor could register and then publicize an alternate of an
existing destination name. Such an environment ought to prevent the
use of homograph equivalents, perhaps by restricting allowed
characters, so that clients do not accidentally send their requests
to unintended destinations.
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The "queue" and "topic" variants are subject to the same concerns as
the JNDI variant. In addition, because the destination names are
vendor defined, URIs employing these two variants might employ
special characters that significantly change the meaning of the URI.
It is possible that the introduction of a single character -
difficult for a human to notice - might dramatically change the
intended meaning of a URI. In situations where this might be an
issue, users of this URI are urged to strongly consider the "jndi"
variant instead.
8.5. Other Security Concerns
This specification does not define or anticipate any use for IP
addresses as part of the URI, so no issues around IP addresses, rare
or otherwise, are raised by this specification.
This specification does not define any characteristics of a jms
scheme URI that contain sensitive information.
9. IANA Considerations9.1. URI Scheme Registration
The IANA is asked to register the Java Message Service URI scheme
described in this document, according to the following scheme
registration request, using the template from [RFC4395]:
o URI scheme name: jms
o Status: Provisional
o URI scheme syntax: See Section 3
o URI scheme semantics: See Section 4
o Encoding considerations: See Section 5
o Applications/protocols that use this URI scheme name: See
Section 6
o Interoperability considerations: See Section 7
o Security considerations: See Section 8
o Contact: See Authors section
o References: See References section
9.2. JMS URI Scheme Registries
This URI scheme requires only one IANA registry for possible
"variants." IANA can reject obviously bogus registrations.
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Internet-Draft JMS URI Scheme January 20119.2.1. JMS URI Variants
This registry provides a listing of JMS URI scheme variants. Variant
names beginning with "vnd." are reserved for vendor extensions. Such
variants should follow a pattern of vnd.<vendorname>.<label>. The
<vendorname> corresponds to the iana-vendor-tag production from
[RFC6075] and vendor.<vendorname> must already be registered in the
ACAP Vendor Subtree. The <label> is chosen by said vendor.
All variant names are to be registered on a First Come, First Served
basis.
Variants must conform to the "jms-variant" production above. Since
variants occur in URIs, they ought to be short, and MUST NOT be more
than forty characters in length.
9.2.2. JMS URI Scheme Variant Registration Template
This template describes the fields that must be present to register a
new variant for use in a JMS URI.
To: iana@iana.org
Subject: Registration of JMS URI variant name
JMS URI variant name: Variants must conform to the "jms-variant"
production above. Since variants occur in URIs, they ought to be
short, and MUST NOT be more than forty characters in length.
Description: A description of the purpose of the variant being
registered.
Contact Information: Name(s) and email address(es) to contact for
more information about this registration.
Description URL: If available, a URL for a document describing the
details of how the variant works.
Comments: Any comments requester thinks are relevant to this
request.
Change Controller: Contact information for the person who controls
further changes to this variant definition.
9.2.3. Change Control
Once a JMS URI variant registration has been published by IANA, the
change controller can request a change to its definition. The change
request follows the same procedure as the registration request.
The change controller of a JMS URI variant can pass responsibility
for the JMS URI variant to another person or agency by informing
IANA; this can be done without discussion or review.
Phillips, et al. Expires July 24, 2011 [Page 18]