Family

Code 4

Code 6

ITIS

ILLUSTRATION

PHOTOS

CONSERVATION STATUS

The Akohekohe is only found in protected forests on the eastern slopes of Haleakala Volcano on the Hawaiian island of Maui. Within this already small range, it only occurs between 5,500 and 7,000 feet in mesic ohia-koa forest and wetter ohia forest. The nectar of the flowers from the native ohia tree are its prime food source although the Akohekohe also feeds on caterpillars and the nectar of some other flowers. The IUCN has given this species a conservation rating of Critically Endangered due to an already small population of just 3,800 individuals that is believed to be in decline. The Akohekohe is threatened by alteration of its restricted habitat by introduced goats and deer, avian malaria and predation by non-native rats and the Small Indian Mongoose.

SUMMARY

Overview

Akohekohe: This medium-sized black bird has a white-gold crest on its head and an orange eye ring extending to the orange-red nape. The breast and throat feathers are gray-tipped, and orange-tipped feathers are spread over the body. The wings and tail have white edges. The legs and bill are black. It feeds on nectar, insects and spiders. It has a direct strong flight. The sexes are similar.

Range and Habitat

Akohekohe: Limited range; endemic only to the island of Maui. Commonly found in moist forests on the east slopes of Haleakala at elevations from 5,500' to 7,000'. Formerly found on West Maui and Molokai. This bird is decreasing in population; it is estimated that there are 3,700 individuals remaining.

Akohekohe SONGS AND CALLS

Akohekohe D1

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Song is a series of "tjook" and "gluk" phrases.

Similar Sounding

Voice Text

INTERESTING FACTS

The Akohekohe is also known as the Crested Honeycreeper. Despite its name, it is a member of the Finch rather than the Tanager family, where honeycreepers found in Central and South America are currently placed. Its subfamily, Drepanidinae was formerly considered a family, has become a subfamily of the Fringillidae family due to advances in molecular studies.

Once common on the islands of Maui and Molokai, today less than 4,000 are found on Maui.

A group of honeycreepers are collectively known as a "hive" of honeycreepers.

It prefers the flowers found on the Ohia lehua tree and will attack other nectarivores during low blooming periods.

SIMILAR BIRDS

RANGE MAP NORTH AMERICA

About this North America Map

RANGE MAP HAWAII

About this Hawaii Map

This map shows how this species is distributed across the Hawaiian island.

FAMILY DESCRIPTION

Fringilline and Cardueline Finches and Allies (Fringillidae)

ORDER

Also known as perching birds, the order PASSERIFORMES (pronounced pas-ser-i-FOR-meez) is composed of one hundred and eighteen families of birds, among which are included the insectivorous warblers and the seed-eating finches.

FAMILY TAXONOMY

The Fringillidae (pronounced frin-JIHL-lih-dee) is a widespread bird family found on most continents and includes two hundred and seven species of finches in thirty-nine genera.

NORTH AMERICA

Eighty-nine species of fringillidae in twenty-nine genera have occurred in North America and Hawaii. These include familiar feeder visitors such as goldfinches and siskins, the nomadic rosy-finches of the high mountains, and a group with several extinct species; the Hawaiian Honeycreepers.

KNOWN FOR

Fringillidae are known for their seed-eating behavior and cheery songs; characteristics that facilitated and popularized the domestication of the Island Canary. Finches such as White-winged Crossbills are also known for their "irruptive" migrations in search of food sources that can make them locally common one winter and absent the next.

PHYSICAL

Fringillidae are primarily small birds with stout, short bills adapted to cracking open seeds and have short legs for a mostly arboreal lifestyle. Most species also have slightly forked tails and long wings, both useful for the large amount of flying needed to find seeding plants. Although some Hawaiian Honeycreepers share this general structure, others evolved a variety of bill shapes related to the habitat niches they occupy.

COLORATION

North American Fringillidae are generally plumaged in shades of red, yellow, brown and dull green - these colors being more vivid in the case of the Hawaiian Honeycreepers. Male finches are more brightly colored than females, the yellow and black plumage of male goldfinches being especially striking.

GEOGRAPHIC HABITAT

Fringillidae in North America occupy forest and non-forest habitats, coniferous forests being favored by most species while native Hawaiian forests are necessary for the survival of the Hawaiian Honeycreepers. The non-forest niche is filled by goldfinches (birds of weedy fields and desert), the House Finch (a desert species that has become adapted to urban environments) and the rosy-finches of alpine snow fields and tundra.

MIGRATION

Most Fringillidae are adapted to cold weather and only migrate when seed crops on their breeding grounds become scarce. Rosy-finches practice "vertical migration," moving to nearby lower elevations with better supplies of food during the winter.

HABITS

Members of the Fringillidae family are very social birds typically found in flocks outside of the breeding season. Although the rosy-finches take much insect prey on the ground and some Hawaiian Honeycreepers eat nectar, most finches forage for seeds in trees and bushes.

CONSERVATION

While Fringillidae in the United States and Canada are doing quite well, most Hawaiian Honeycreeper species are highly endangered with many having already gone extinct and others in decline because of their high susceptibility to introduced diseases such as avian malaria and changes to the native forests they inhabit.

INTERESTING FACTS

The aptly named crossbills have curious curved bills with crossed tips. Although it looks more like a bill deformity than a useful tool, this specialized bill shape is perfect for extracting seeds from pine cones. Males of the House, Cassin's, and Purple Finch species can sometimes develop yellow or orange rather than red plumage depending upon the amount of carotenoids present in their food sources.