Repentance in Late Antiquity

Eastern Asceticism and the Framing of the Christian Life c.400-650 CE

Alexis C. Torrance

Description

The call to repentance is central to the message of early Christianity. While this is undeniable, the precise meaning of the concept of repentance for early Christians has rarely been investigated to any great extent, beyond studies of the rise of penitential discipline. In this study, the rich variety of meanings and applications of the concept of repentance are examined, with a particular focus on the writings of several ascetic theologians of the fifth to seventh centuries: SS Mark the Monk, Barsanuphius and John of Gaza, and John Climacus. These theologians provide some of the most sustained and detailed elaborations of the concept of repentance in late antiquity. They predominantly see repentance as a positive, comprehensive idea that serves to frame the whole of Christian life, not simply one or more of its parts. While the modern dominant understanding of repentance as a moment of sorrowful regret over past misdeeds, or as equivalent to penitential discipline, is present to a degree, such definitions by no means exhaust the concept for them. The path of repentance is depicted as stretching from an initial about-face completed in baptism, through the living out of the baptismal gift by keeping the Gospel commandments, culminating in the idea of intercessory repentance for others, after the likeness of Christ's innocent suffering for the world. While this overarching role for repentance in Christian life is clearest in ascetic works, these are not explored in isolation, and attention is also paid to the concept of repentance in Scripture, the early church, apocalyptic texts, and canonical material. This not only permits the elaboration of the views of the ascetics in their larger context, but further allows for an overall re-assessment of the often misunderstood, if not overlooked, place of repentance in early Christian theology.

Repentance in Late Antiquity

Eastern Asceticism and the Framing of the Christian Life c.400-650 CE

Alexis C. Torrance

Table of Contents

Introduction 1: True and False Repenting: Trends in the Study of Early Christian Repentance from the Reformation to the Present 2: Defining Repentance in the Greek Patristic World, Part One: Hellenistic Judaism, the New Testament, and Non Judaeo-Christian Hellenistic Sources 3: Defining Repentance in the Greek Patristic World, Part Two: Repentance in the Early Church (a Re-assessment) 4: Repentance in the Treatises of St Mark the Monk 5: Repentance in the Letters of SS Barsanuphius and John of Gaza 6: Repentance in the Oeuvre of St John of the Ladder Conclusion Epilogue Appendix I: Apocalyptic Repentance in the Early Church Appendix II: The Penitential Canons and Monastic Repentance

Repentance in Late Antiquity

Eastern Asceticism and the Framing of the Christian Life c.400-650 CE

Alexis C. Torrance

Reviews and Awards

Winner of the Manfred Lautenschlaeger Award for Theological Promise 2015

"In his book, Repentance in Late Antiquity, Alexis Torrance challenges the modern tendency to shy away from the idea of repentance, or to treat it as a mere appendage to the history of penance and confession. Through a careful reading of the great spiritual guides of the eastern churches, he shows how repentance involved a world view that penetrated every aspect of the religious life of laypersons and of monks. He shows how the struggle to achieve an attitude of permanent, penitent humility before God could generate, among humans, courage, good cheer and rare compassion for others. Seldom has one of the basic virtues of a great religious culture been brought back to life with such care, with such warmth and with such understanding." - Peter Brown, Princeton University

"This understanding of the role of the canons as a point of departure, which is consistent with a wider ascetic understanding of repentance, rather than a set of prescriptions, provides a much welcome new emphasis and demonstrates the value of exploring the connection between canonical material and other kinds of literary texts." - Rebecca White, Oxford Journal of Law and Religion