The "data hub," is a system that will verify people's Social Security numbers, immigration status and other information when they go to government websites to buy health plans and apply for government subsidies.

The computer system will be able to fact-check parts of a person's application in real time to determine their eligibility for subsidies or Medicaid.

Most Americans will be required to buy health insurance in 2014 or pay a penalty. That penalty will be equal to a percentage of one's household income, or whichever is greater. The penalty starts at $95 per person or 1% of income in 2014; rises to $325 or 2% of income in 2015; and then increases to $695 or 2.5% of income in 2016.

Federal tax subsidy: Anyone making up to 400% of the poverty line qualifies. In 2014, an individual making $45,960 or a family of four with household income up to $94,200 is eligible.

Medicare surtax on wages and investment income: Earners of more than $200,000 annual income ($250,000 if married) will be taxed another 0.9% on top of the 1.45% Medicare tax they already pay.