A biopsy is a procedure performed to remove tissue or cells from the body for examination under a microscope. A prostate biopsy is a procedure in which prostate gland tissue samples are removed with a special biopsy needle or during surgery to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present. The diagnosis of cancer is confirmed only by a biopsy.

A prostate biopsy may be performed in several different ways:

Transrectal method - through the rectum (this is the most common)

Perineal method - through the skin between the scrotum and the rectum

Transurethral method - through the urethra using a cystoscope (a flexible tube and viewing device)