Phineas Nigellus Black (1847-1925)

"You know, " said Phineas Nigellus, even more loudly
than Harry, "this is precisely why I loathed being a teacher! Young people
are so infernally convinced that they are right about everything." (OP23)

Born: 1847
(BFT). Interestingly, Phineas'
dates mean that (until his death, at least) he was a near contemporary of
Albus Dumbledore.
Died: 1925.
Parentage: not given (BFT).
Phineas' surname was confirmed as 'Black' in HBP13. 3 Siblings:
Sirius, Elladora, and
Isla (who was disowned for marrying a Muggle)
(BFT).

Hogwarts: Slytherin (first year 1858 or 59); later Hogwarts Headmaster.

Great-great-grandfather of Sirius Black, who has
been known to refer to him as the least-popular Headmaster Hogwarts has ever had
(OP6). According to the Black Family
Tree that Jo drew, Phineas is also an ancestor of Narcissa (Black) Malfoy, Molly
(Prewett) Weasley and Arthur Weasley (BFT and my notes).

Phineas is a snide, sarcastic fellow. He has little patience for the feelings and the problems of others, particularly young people, whom he finds tedious and self-absorbed (OP23).

Phineas helped Hogwarts Headmaster Snape keep a track of the movements of Harry, Ron, and Hemione when they were on the run from the Death Eaters because Hermione had placed his portrait from Grimmauld Place into her beaded bag (DH12, 15).

JKR on Wizard Portraits

Question:
All the paintings we have seen at Hogwarts are of dead people. They seem to
be living through their portraits. How is this so? If there was a painting
of Harry’s parents, would he be able to obtain advice from them?

JKR: That is a very good question. They are all of dead people; they
are not as fully realised as ghosts, as you have
probably noticed. The place where you see them really talk is in Dumbledore’s office,
primarily; the idea is that the previous headmasters and headmistresses
leave behind a faint imprint of themselves. They leave their aura, almost,
in the office and they can give some counsel to the present occupant, but it
is not like being a ghost. They repeat
catchphrases, almost. The portrait of Sirius’ mother is not a very 3D personality; she is not very fully realised. She repeats
catchphrases that she had when she was alive. If Harry had a portrait of his parents it would not help him a great deal. If he
could meet them as ghosts, that would be a much
more meaningful interaction, but as Nick explained
at the end of Phoenix—I
am straying into dangerous territory, but I think you probably know what he
explained—there are some people who would not come back as ghosts because they are unafraid, or less afraid,
of death.
Source: EBF

Possible name origins: 'Phineas' is an English variant
of 'Phinehas,' a name from the Bible. 'Phinehas' probably means
"Nubian," though some believe it means "serpent's mouth"
in Hebrew (BtN).

In Greek mythology, Phineus was "a king of Thrace and a prophet. Because
he prophesied too truly, revealing too much of the gods' truth to humans,
Zeus blinded him and set the Harpies to plague him." Phineus later helps
the Argonauts by telling them how to get past one of their hazards.
(EM)

Phineas' surname was confirmed as 'Black' in HBP13.
One possible explanation for the Latinization of his surname ('Black' =
'Nigellus') is that during the 16th and 17th centuries it was common for
educated persons to Latinize their names. Perhaps some day we will know
the names of Phineas's ancestors. Were they 'Nigellus" or 'Black?'