Both p value and the test statistic (r) are needed to interpret result. Look at p value first. If p < alpha, then interpret the r value

What is Spearman's rho?

Similar to Pearson's r, but with ordinal (ranked) data

What is regression analysis?

Derives an equation that allows researchers to predict a value for a dependent variable given one or more independent variables

Dependent variable usually measured on an interval or ratio scale.

What if the dependent variable is ordinal or nominal in regression analysis?

Use logistic regreesion

What is the regression equation?

y=mx+b

What is regression weights (m)

How much each individual IV(x) contributes to the regression equation (unstandardized)

What is Beta (-1 - +1 scale)?

Standardized regression wt. allows reader to assess the strength of each IV(x) in predicting the DV (y)

What is r^2 (0-1 scale)?

Total amount of variance (%) explained by the combo of all IVs included in the analysis (0-1)

What is the Cox Proportional Hazard Model?

Uses regression analysis to predict for each subject the time to the study end point (e.g. death)

While controlling for time and confounding variables, the Cox regression equation slop coefficients (m) can be translated into relative risk values for the end point for each level of the independent variable.

What is Relative Risk (aka hazard ratio)?

Measure of the relative frequency of an event when a specific factor is present

What is the relative risk equation?

Incidence rate of event among those exposed to a specific factor / "" those not exposed to the factor (control)

How is incidence calculated?

# who experience event / total # at risk

What sudy design should Relative risk only be used in?

Prospective study designs

How is the relative risk measured?

RR=1: variables are independent (no relationship)

RR<1: those exposed have lower incidence of event than those not exposed

RR>1: those exposed have higher incidence of event than those not exposed

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