​May you be made strong with all the strength that comes from his glorious power, and may you be prepared to endure everything with patience, while joyfully giving thanks to the Father, who has enabled youto share in the inheritance of the saints in the light. He has rescued us from the power of darkness and transferred us into the kingdom of his beloved Son, in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.

​He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation; for inhim all things in heaven and on earth were created, things visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or powers—all things have been created through him and for him. He himself is before all things, and in him all things hold together. He is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, so that he might come to have first place in everything. For in him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, and through him God was pleased to reconcile to himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, by making peace through the blood of his cross.

Luke 22:33-43

And he said to him, ‘Lord, I am ready to go with you to prison and to death!’ Jesus said, ‘I tell you, Peter, the cock will not crow this day, until you have denied three times that you know me.’

​He said to them, ‘When I sent you out without a purse, bag, or sandals, did you lack anything?’ They said, ‘No, not a thing.’ He said to them, ‘But now, the one who has a purse must take it, and likewise a bag. And the one who has no sword must sell his cloak and buy one. For I tell you, this scripture must be fulfilled in me, “And he was counted among the lawless”; and indeed what is written about me is being fulfilled.’ They said, ‘Lord, look, here are two swords.’ He replied, ‘It is enough.’

He came out and went, as was his custom, to the Mount of Olives; and the disciples followed him. When he reached the place, he said to them, ‘Pray that you may not come into the time of trial.’ Then he withdrew from them about a stone’s throw, knelt down, and prayed, ‘Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me; yet, not my will but yours be done.’ [[ Then an angel from heaven appeared to him and gave him strength.

During the children's moment, we read about the life of Ruby Bridges, who, at 7 years old, helped to integrate New Orleans schools. Photo credit: By Uncredited DOJ photographer - Via [1], Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=27473461

Holding The Cup In The Time of Trial

"Everything about my life is better than I could have dreamed." So, says the then almost-Reverend Malcolm Himschoot in the 2004 film that tells part of his life story, Call Me Malcolm. Now ordained and serving in the national setting of the United Church of Christ, at the time this film was made, Malcolm was in his mid-20's and finishing seminary, engaged, preparing to be ordained and begin his first call as a pastor. While you might not be surprised to hear a young adult at such a time in his life express this level of optimism, if you watch the rest of the film or happen to have the opportunity to hear Malcolm talk about his earlier life, you might not have expected him to be able to express such joy about his present or his future. You see, when Malcolm was younger, he was not so optimistic. By the time he was 21, he was actually thinking of ending his own life. He said that whenhe came to thepoint when he decided not to kill himself, after that, he just had to decide what to do to help himself live. That meant creating his life in the image that he knew was true. That meant coming into himself as Malcolm.

When he was born, because of how his body looked, his family thought he was a girl. He was given a name that is usually given to girls and treated as a daughter and sister. He grew up in a small town in Coloradoand was part of a religious community with a very rigid sense of what were men's roles and what were women's roles. There was very little overlap between the two. As he grew older, he began to be pushed into the increasing separated spheres of girlhood and boyhood. He chafed against the life he was supposed to be living even as he found friends and activities to enjoy: theater, church potlucks, good preaching, baseball, hiking in the mountains near where he grew up. Something in his life never feltright. He described his life up until he was around 20 as a tomb experience. Even as he graduated high school and went away to college...even as he changed churches and a pastor saw potential in him for ministry... even then, he felt bound, like tomb clothes had enveloped him, impeding his movement and growth. Rolling away the stone from his tomb took some time. I won't go into all the details that he shares in the movie because you should go watch it yourself. The shorter version of this journey into life started with finding friends in the LGBT community. Then, he learned about transgender identity. Then he found stories that seemed more like his own. Then he found a support network of men who were making transitions similar to his own. His church supported him. His seminary supported him. His new friends supported him. In the film, he told a great story about the first time he shared his new name, Malcolm, with a friend right before class. He whispered in her ear, "I'm going by Malcolm now." She said ok and started the process of trying to remember his new name. Moments later, he was called on in class to begin a presentation. The professor used his old name. Malcolm said, "I'm going by Malcolm now." His professor rolled with it and invited Malcolm up to begin.It those two moments, people heard his needs and responded to him with care. It was one more step to shaking off those tomb clothes and pushing away that stone.

The movie was made about three years after Malcolm officially began transitioning. As you might imagine, it didn't all go as smoothly as that first public announcement of his new name. Even three years into his renewed life, some of his family struggled to call him by his new name and refer to him with the appropriate gender. One of friends said that it easier for that friend if Malcolm had died rather than transitioned into his true gender. Others asked Malcolm, to his face, who he imagined would ever want to date or fall in love with a person like him. All of this was on top of the more mundanestruggles with insurance companies, the department of motor vehicles, and the cable company to get the proper name on all of his paperwork.

In the letter to the Colossians, the writer hoped to shore up the church's faith by describing the utter transformation he believed Christians undergowhen they began to follow Christ. He offered a prayer for the people of the church, beginning with these words: "May you be made strong with all the strength that comes from Jesus' glorious power." Knowing that some in this community felt threatened, the author prayed that they would remember that God called them to be inheritors of the light. He prayed for their patience and endurance. He hoped that they would remember that God was always in the process of saving them, rescuing them from that which would destroy them. When I hear Malcolm's story, I hear bits of this endurance and strength that he found wrestling with his calling from God and wrestling with creating a renewed life. His cousins welcomed him with open arms, calling him by his name at a wedding and inviting him to catch the garter belt with the other bachelors. His mother, who was still struggling, did give him advice on how to purchase his first tie. His family, even the ones who weren't sure that his transition was appropriate, came to his ordination and cried tears of joy with his church. God had made him strong, and was making his family stronger, calling them to transform, too. That's what Jesus does... changes you, or at least, helps you change yourself. My hunch is that their journey together, with God, was not complete.In one striking conversation in the film, Malcolm is interviewing an actress and dancer named Calpernia Addams. After they talked about transitioning and supporting people who are in transition, Malcolm asked her what she thought he could do as a minister in the church for transpeople like themselves. Calpernia asked him to find a way to "bring the love and sensitivity in concept of God to the people who really need it." She did not feel like she had that in the church of her childhood. In fact, at the time of this interview, she felt so scarred by the kind of religion that she had encountered that she didn't feel like she could ever regain a sense of connection to a religious institution or even to God. She found far more love and meaning in dance clubs and drag shows than she found in churches. Still, she did seem heartened that Malcolm had found that love in church. She even came to his ordination.

The Gospel of Luke tells us that Jesus, nearing his death, grew fearful. He asked his friends to pray with him. He asked God to remove the cup from him... but he also was willing to go through trial if something greater would come from it. Scripture reports that an angel from heaven came and gave him strength. Jesus was not the only one who went through a time of trial. In the film, Malcolm described his time of trial in a couple ways. He said that he once struggled with the question of why God wouldcreate him the way he was and then not help others to see him more clearly and know his truth. He also spoke of shifts in his relationship with the Bible.His understanding of Scripture, and of the journey of faith, matured so that he would come to understand his transition like the struggles of Jacob with the Divine. He said if you don't wrestle, you don't get the blessing. Now, he feels like his life is the blessing.He sees the transitions, all of them, as beautiful, in the same way that the Grand Canyon is beautiful. It may look like destruction and erosion, but he says, it was really creation. Sounds to me like God's messengers gave him some strength, too. ​One of the last things Malcolm says in the film is that when he thinks about the future, he generally anticipates good things. What a change from being on the brink of suicide... from feeling as though you are living in tomb... from thinking that the cup you inherited will only drown you. Imagine the power of deciding in one moment that you want to live and then being able to construct a life, with God, that helps you live fruitfully. Creating this life will not bewithout struggle. Some changes will be very hard. Some people you have trusted will not show up to support you. But, others will. And, the ones who are afraid might come around. If they don't, it won't be your fault. You will know that you have found life. You have been made strong. You have been given then patience to create and endure the transformation. You have been rescued from the tomb and brought out into the sun. May we all learn that we can be so transformed. And, may we help transform this world, with God's help, to make it safer for all God's children.​

Isaiah 65:17-25​For I am about to create new heavens and a new earth;the former things shall not be remembered or come to mind. But be glad and rejoice for ever in what I am creating;for I am about to create Jerusalem as a joy, and its people as a delight. I will rejoice in Jerusalem, and delight in my people;no more shall the sound of weeping be heard in it, or the cry of distress. No more shall there be in it an infant that lives but a few days, or an old person who does not live out a lifetime;for one who dies at a hundred years will be considered a youth, and one who falls short of a hundred will be considered accursed. They shall build houses and inhabit them; they shall plant vineyards and eat their fruit. They shall not build and another inhabit; they shall not plant and another eat;for like the days of a tree shall the days of my people be, and my chosen shall long enjoy the work of their hands. They shall not labour in vain, or bear children for calamity;for they shall be offspring blessed by the Lord-- and their descendants as well. Before they call I will answer, while they are yet speaking I will hear. The wolf and the lamb shall feed together, the lion shall eat straw like the ox; but the serpent—its food shall be dust!They shall not hurt or destroy on all my holy mountain,says the Lord.

This is an illustration of a folk tale about a wolf and lamb, an image that is also part of our scripture reading for the day. During the children's moment, the kids were shown a different image of a lamb and wolf. We talked about what we could do to help these two animals live peacefully. You can find the image at https://www.flickr.com/photos/38299630@N05/4909083627/in/photolist-8tRamW-8DWdiK-6Bdz63-8tzeff-6AWhNy-6BfESC-6BdgYN-8x6Kxg-8u1nHD-8tNkwT-8tQQiL-8ujYAY-8FoRoa-8FMLsa-8tQRUY-8E3rdd-8E2eGW-6ASayF-8vaFQe-8tPsLA-8umzeQ-8E31es-8sWidM-8E2h1W-8tPtN1-6AWcqN-8tzcCY-8vfGNy-8vaECc-8tRjYj-8tRkW9.

What Do You Mean When You Say "New?" Isaiah 65:17-25

Where do we go from here? This has been one of the most common statements that I have heard over the last week. Now that this election season and this election have come to pass, what do we do now? As I said in the letter that I sent out earlier in the week, and as I am sure that you all have observed, this has been a nasty and brutal season. It has highlighted divisions in our country that many had either failed to see or thought had been addressed decades ago. It has brought to light, for many people,old wounds that never quite healed. Our last six national elections have been very close, as was this one, but, this election seems different. It seems to be a turning point for many people... a line of demarcation. I'm not sure of all the reasons why. Some of it certainly seems to be the tone and the rhetoric used on the trail: people with disabilities being openly mocked, women being described primarily as objects of lust, Muslims being painted as wholly terrible and frightening. But these are not the only reasonsthatTuesday's election seems like a hinge on which the direction of our whole national discourse shifted. I am probably not the only one who has felt that. I am probably not the only one who has heard the question asked, where do we go from here?

I want to recognize that some folks aren't at the point where they can ask that question. Some people are legitimately frightened of what the coming months and years will bring. Right now, hey are unableto do anything except lament and try to figure out how to survive. Since Tuesday, the Southern Poverty Law Center has reported that there have been at least 200 incidents of harassment and intimidation in ourcountry. A woman in Ann Arbor, Michigan was threatened with being lit on fire if she did not take off her hijab. A substitute teacher in Los Angeles was recorded threatening Latinx students in his class, telling them that their parents were about to be deported. A black man in Lewiston, Maine was jumped by three white men, all with the name of our President-elect on their lips, telling him to go back to his own country.

Today, I am not going to ask anyone who needs more time to lament to help me figure out what to do next. The current environment of open hostility to people deemed different or other is already demanding too much. This sermon isn't specifically directed to all those folks who are just trying to figure out if they can safely walk down the street, go to work, or send their kids to school. The people who are feeling that kind of fear and lament are probably just going to need to lament for a while. For those who are not in a stage of lament, this is a time to listen and not try to tell other people to feel anything else than what they are feeling. This means that a lot of people are going to need to be like Job's friends during the first seven days of his period of mourning. Spend time with those who mourn now. Just listen and let people feel how they feel.

For those who are asking the question "where do we go from here," I hope we can spend some time today, boththe folks who are happy about the election results and the people who are definitely not happy the results but who are at a point where they need to direct their energy away from lament into action, discerning what we can do. Because, believe me, these two groups have some work to do. And, I think our reading from Isaiah is giving us some direction to work with. Remember, Jesus found his mission in Isaiah. If we're going to follow Jesus, maybe we should pay attention to the things he paid attention to. The part of Isaiah that we heard today is from the third portion of the book, the part that deals with reconstructing a broken nation. You see, these people had watched their world end. The ones who survived were trying to figure out how to rebuild. It was not going well. They needed guidance from God to help them rebuild. The words of the prophet that we read in the book of Isaiah exist as evidence of that guidance.The prophet didn't give step by step instructions for rebuilding Jerusalem. Like many prophets, Isaiah was kind of big picture thinker, describingGod's restorative end product in beautiful poetry. For our purposes,I'm going to suggest that wetake Isaiah's vision of a new heaven and a new earth and use it as a goal post to guide our service with God in our community. This new heaven and new earth is the standard that we are trying to meet. If what we are building with God doesn't look like this vision, then we need to start again, and realign our priorities with God's priorities. Let's take a moment to look at what God's new heavens and new earth will look like.

Let us not forget that the original audience for this vision had stood in the rubble of their ruined capital, watched their leaders all be sent to exile, and seen their neighbors and love ones starve. God's new heavens and new earth would not be about faux happiness and toothless joy. It would be real, new life. First, the defining feature of the community will be joy. The people will be described as a delight. When you walk through the street, you will not hear weeping or distress. The next portion of the poem heightens the liveliness of the imagery. It says that no more will children die within days of their birth. All people will live so long that centenarians will seem like mere youths. The prophet told them that God would have victory even over death in this new Jerusalem.

God would be concerned with the value of their labor, too. People who had been enslaved or forced to pay high tributes knew what it was to build house and plant vineyards and never be able to access the good things they crafted with their hands. In the new Jerusalem, people would no longer labor in vain. They will not have to worry that their children will suffer the same fate they did. They will be blessed, and God will listen to them, helping them before they even know it, always considering their needs. Domestic animals and wild animals will be enemies no more, because God teach the predators a new way to survive and will prioritize the safety of the prey. In fact, this Jerusalem, the city on a hill reborn, will never be touched by violence and destruction again.

A place where there is no violence, where people's work is both appreciated and fairly compensated, where no child dies an untimely death and where people live vibrant lives well past what we would call "the senior years"... A place marked by God's attention and concern and by humanity's joy... A place where the predatory learn new ways and the prey's safety is prioritized... This place sounds so wonderful, so fantastical, and so far away from our present reality. How can we take this piece of poetry and work with God to make it tangible here on earth? I think we've already started doing some of it. I think we've already started prioritizing the safety of the lambs.

When this church sat down to write it's open and affirming statement, you all very quickly identified some lambs who had been harmedby wolfish churches: people from non-white, non-European backgrounds, recent immigrants, women and people of more fluid gender presentation, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, people who's families did not fit a "father and mother and 2.5 children" model, divorcees, widows, and single adults, poor folks, the very young and the more aged, and people who's bodies and cognition vary from what we are told is ideal. These folks have often been either excluded from Christian community or explicitly harmed when invited. While you knew that all people are beloved by God, you also knew that people from these groups in particular have often found themselves targets for aggression. You made the commitment to say out loud to the people who most needed to hear it that God loves them and that you will make sure that this church will always advocate for them. In doing so, the lambs of our own time were prioritized. This is an amazing start on the work of the new heavens and new earth that we are building with God.

But, we not finished. The World is not fully restored. There is still so much more to be done and we've got to figure out how to do it together. God is clear about the kin-dom's priorities: the forgotten, the outcast, the hungry, the poor, those who are isolated and alone. Care for these folks should be our priority, too.I have a feeling that in the coming weeks and months, we are going to have more than a few opportunities to figure out if our priorities are aligned with God's. When you're ready to start figuring out your next step, both individually and as church, look at these words in Isaiah and in our ONA statement. Use them for guidance. The work will be hard and scary. But, we must do it. Let's be the wolves who've learned a new way to survive. ​

This meme was posted on the Facebook page of Bixby Knolls Christian Church last year. To learn more about this church, please go to http://bixbyknollschurch.blogspot.com/

Inspired by the thought-provoking and faithful statement from Bixby Knolls Christian Church and our own stewardship campaign them "Go, and Do the Same," during the month of October, we explored some ways that attitudes in the Bible, guided by the Holy Spirit, shifted towards welcome, inclusion, and affirmation. I pray that we can continue this tradition of setting the table wider and wider, building a more loving and more diverse Beloved Community with God.

October 16th- The Gift of the Righteous: Jeremiah 25:15-26 and Job 19:23-36

October 23rd- Should I Not Be Concerned?: Jonah 3:1-4:10

October 30th- A Case Study in Mercy: Amos 4:1-5 and Luke 10:25-37

Our Sermon for October 2nd: Building Anew

Ruth and Naomi by the artist He Qi, can be found at http://diglib.library.vanderbilt.edu/act-imagelink.pl?RC=46090

Deuteronomy 23:3-7No Ammonite or Moabite shall be admitted to the assembly of the Lord. Even to the tenth generation, none of their descendants shall be admitted to the assembly of the Lord, because they did not meet you with food and water on your journey out of Egypt, and because they hired against you Balaam son of Beor, from Pethor of Mesopotamia, to curse you. (Yet the Lord your God refused to heed Balaam; the Lord your God turned the curse into a blessing for you, because the Lord your God loved you.)You shall never promote their welfare or their prosperity as long as you live.You shall not abhor any of the Edomites, for they are your kin. You shall not abhor any of the Egyptians, because you were an alien residing in their land.

Ruth 1:1-18In the days when the judges ruled, there was a famine in the land, and a certain man of Bethlehem in Judah went to live in the country of Moab, he and his wife and two sons. The name of the man was Elimelech and the name of his wife Naomi, and the names of his two sons were Mahlon and Chilion; they were Ephrathites from Bethlehem in Judah. They went into the country of Moab and remained there. But Elimelech, the husband of Naomi, died, and she was left with her two sons. These took Moabite wives; the name of one was Orpah and the name of the other Ruth. When they had lived there for about ten years, both Mahlon and Chilion also died, so that the woman was left without her two sons or her husband.Then she started to return with her daughters-in-law from the country of Moab, for she had heard in the country of Moab that the Lord had had consideration for his people and given them food. So she set out from the place where she had been living, she and her two daughters-in-law, and they went on their way to go back to the land of Judah. But Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, ‘Go back each of you to your mother’s house. May the Lord deal kindly with you, as you have dealt with the dead and with me. The Lord grant that you may find security, each of you in the house of your husband.’ Then she kissed them, and they wept aloud.They said to her, ‘No, we will return with you to your people.’ But Naomi said, ‘Turn back, my daughters, why will you go with me? Do I still have sons in my womb that they may become your husbands? Turn back, my daughters, go your way, for I am too old to have a husband. Even if I thought there was hope for me, even if I should have a husband tonight and bear sons, would you then wait until they were grown? Would you then refrain from marrying? No, my daughters, it has been far more bitter for me than for you, because the hand of the Lord has turned against me.’ Then they wept aloud again. Orpah kissed her mother-in-law, but Ruth clung to her. So she said, ‘See, your sister-in-law has gone back to her people and to her gods; return after your sister-in-law.’ But Ruth said,‘Do not press me to leave you or to turn back from following you!Where you go, I will go; where you lodge, I will lodge;your people shall be my people, and your God my God. Where you die, I will die-- there will I be buried.May the Lord do thus and so to me, and more as well,if even death parts me from you!’ When Naomi saw that she was determined to go with her, she said no more to her.

Building Anew

Do you remember that song in West Side Story where Anita is trying to warn Maria away from rival gang member Tony? Anita sings, "A boy like that who'd kill your brother/Forget that boy and find another,/One of your own kind,/ Stick to your own kind!" Now, imagine that Anita and Maria are ancient Israelites instead of Puerto Ricans. Anita wouldn't be warning Maria away from Polish boys. She's be warning her about the Moabites. They were understood to be some of the ancient Israelites most contentious neighbors. In the book of Numbers, a Moabite king hires someone to curse the Israelites who had been encamped in Moab on their way to the promised land. Moabite women are also described as luring Israelite men away from proper religious devotion to God. In Deuteronomy, Moabites are forbidden from being a part of Israelite national governing body, in part due to this legacy of inhospitality and idolatry. Throughout the Hebrew Bible,Moabites, when they are mentioned, are almost always bad news.

As we begin to look more closely at our second reading from the book of Ruth, it would be wise to keep this history in mind. Were we among the early listenersofthis tale, we might hear the beginning of the story a little differently knowing that Naomi's family has decided to move to Moab. We might expect that they would only find trouble there among the blasphemers and idolators. We would be right, to an extent. Life will become heart-breakingly hard in the land where they live as refugees. But, it won't necessarily be for the reasons that we expect. And, surprisingly, in spite of all the hardships, Naomi will be able to build something new and rich out of her experiences there. Naomi will meet someone who radically changes her understanding of family. Those changes will echo throughout Hebrew Scripture, well into early Christian stories of the life of Jesus. A Moabite will change her life for the better.

The story begins in a crisis. There is a famine in Judah, one serious enough that people consider leaving in order to find a place where there is more food. Naomi's family is among these climate-related refugees. They move to Moab, an eastern neighbor to Judah, from her husband's ancestral home of Bethlehem. At some point after they arrive in Moab, with two sons in tow, Naomi's husband dies. In a world where a woman's livelihood often depended on the whims and fortunes of the men to whom she was attached, Elimilech's death could have been more than emotionally devastating for Naomi. Not only would she mourn her husband, she might have also struggled to physically survive without him. Fortunately, she had two sons, sons old enough to help... sons who would soon take wives. Thewives, Orpah and Ruth, were Moabites, a pairingthat may have been frowned upon at this point in history. But, Naomi, her sons, and daughters-in-law seem to make a life together in Moab, despite any traditions of animosity that they could have inherited. For ten years, in fact, they build this life together.

Some of you may remember that sometimes in these stories in the Bible, names tell us something important about a person's character. Naomi's sons names clue us in to the fact that they do not have a very happy future in store. We miss the clues if we don't know Hebrew. You see, Mahon means "sickly" and Chilion means "frail." With names like that, these men are bound to have a hard time. And, they do. They, like their father, die in the land of Moab. Not only to Naomi, Orpah, and Ruth mourn the lost of these two men whom they love, they must now figure out how to survive in a world that nearly required women to be attached to a man in order to survive. For Naomi, this means returning to the now famine-free land of Judah, in hopes that some of her relatives will take her in. Had Naomi had more sons, tradition would have stated that Orpah and Ruth could marry one of their dead husband's brothers. However, Naomi had no more sons and was of an age where she did not expect to be able to remarry and have more children. As the head of their beleaguered household, Naomi only saw one real option to secure the future for Orpah and Ruth. She would have to send them back to their families of origin and hope that they could find another husband there.She sends them away with the most gracious of blessings. She prays that God will tend to them as kindly as they have tended to her and to her sons. She prays that they will find security with new husbands. She kisses them and they weep because yet one more layer of their family is being stripped away. Initially, both say that they will stay with her. They love her that much. However, Naomi, the one who has felt so much heartache and had seen the worst of the world, and maybe, she thought, even seen the worst of God. She could not ask these women to commit to a precarious life with her. Once again, she told them that she had nothing more than her prayers to offer them and insisted that they leave. Heartbroken, Orpah tearfully says good-bye and heads to her mother's home. But, Ruth... Ruth stays.

In English, ourtranslation reads, "Ruth clung to her (Naomi)." In Hebrew, that word "clung" is "davka." This is a fascinating way to describe Ruth's attachment to Naomi. In the rest of Hebrew Scripture, "davka" is primarily used to describe relationships that are hoped to be permanent. Husbands and wives cling to one another. God and the people of Israel cling to one another. This is apparently the only story in the Hebrew Bible where a the relationship between two women is described with the intimacy and permanency of the word "davka." When we learn that the word that describes their commitment to one another is "davka," we are to understandthat there is something transformative in their relationship. Their covenant, or at least Ruth's commitment to Naomi, is radical and will change their lives.

Ruth speaks these words to Naomi, words that you might recognize from centuries of wedding liturgies. You may have heard this translation: "Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God: Where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried: the LORD do so to me, and more also, if ought but death part thee and me." Where you go, I will go. Where you live, I will live. Your people shall be my people and your God, my God. How could Naomi not be changed by hearing such a statement of love? How could she not see the possibility that her world just might turn out better than she could imagine if this one young woman, a woman whom she had been taught to mistrust due to old ethnic rivalries, loved her so much that she was willing to risk her very survival in order tofollow Naomi back to Judah? If Ruth had this much hope, how could Naomi continue to tell her no?

Our reading for today stopped at verse 18, but there is so much more to this story. Ruth's love becomes the foundation for their mutual redemption. Upon arriving in Bethlehem, Ruth's love for Naomi drives her into the fields to glean wheat to feed them. While she is working, quite by accident, Ruth meets Naomi's distant relative Boaz. Impressed by the loving-kindness that Ruth has shown Naomi, he allows her to take wheat from his harvest and share his meal. Ruth is then able to bring food home to Naomi. Boaz' appreciation for Ruth's love for Naomi becomes the foundation for their eventual marriage, a relationship that will ensure both Ruth and Naomi’s survival. Do you know where is the first place that we see Naomi express joy in this whole story? It is after she learns that Ruth made a positive impression on Boaz. Ruth’s actions areliterally what allows Naomi to finally imagine a positive future for herself: food to eat, shelter, a restored sense of family, and even a renewed relationship with God.

The final image we have of Naomi is of her cradling Ruth and Boaz's son, Obed. Tradition states that this boy will be her son, too, one who will continue her husband's line. While she has lost so much that she will never get back, in the end, she has been able to build her life anew. None of this could have happened without the love and utter commitment of Ruth.God moved within that relationship, creating fertility where there once had only been famine, creating deep love where there had primarily been a fearful isolation. Radical love would become Ruth’s legacy.One of her descendants, a man named Jesus would proclaim his love, too, and risk his very life for the ones that he loved. He, too, would inspire the ones he loved to see a more hopeful future even in the midst of desolation. But, this hopeful future is only possible if we’re willing to set aside our preconceived notions of who is welcome in God’s community and who we are called to be in relationship with. Only then, on the plains of Moab, can we begin our own journey to build life anew with our God.​

Our Sermon For October 9th: Greater and Greater Welcome

Isaiah 56:1-5​Thus says the Lord: Maintain justice, and do what is right,for soon my salvation will come, and my deliverance be revealed.

Happy is the mortal who does this, the one who holds it fast,who keeps the sabbath, not profaning it, and refrains from doing any evil.

Do not let the foreigner joined to the Lord say, ‘The Lord will surely separate me from his people’;and do not let the eunuch say, ‘I am just a dry tree.’ For thus says the Lord:To the eunuchs who keep my sabbaths, who choose the things that please me and hold fast my covenant, I will give, in my house and within my walls, a monument and a name better than sons and daughters;I will give them an everlasting name that shall not be cut off.

Act 8:26-40Then an angel of the Lord said to Philip, ‘Get up and go towards the south to the road that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza.’ (This is a wilderness road.) So he got up and went. Now there was an Ethiopian eunuch, a court official of the Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, in charge of her entire treasury. He had come to Jerusalem to worship and was returning home; seated in his chariot, he was reading the prophet Isaiah.Then the Spirit said to Philip, ‘Go over to this chariot and join it.’ So Philip ran up to it and heard him reading the prophet Isaiah. He asked, ‘Do you understand what you are reading?’ He replied, ‘How can I, unless someone guides me?’ And he invited Philip to get in and sit beside him.

​Now the passage of the scripture that he was reading was this:‘Like a sheep he was led to the slaughter, and like a lamb silent before its shearer, so he does not open his mouth. In his humiliation justice was denied him. Who can describe his generation? For his life is taken away from the earth.’

The eunuch asked Philip, ‘About whom, may I ask you, does the prophet say this, about himself or about someone else?’ Then Philip began to speak, and starting with this scripture, he proclaimed to him the good news about Jesus. As they were going along the road, they came to some water; and the eunuch said, ‘Look, here is water! What is to prevent me from being baptized?’He commanded the chariot to stop, and both of them, Philip and the eunuch, went down into the water, and Philipbaptized him. When they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord snatched Philip away; the eunuch saw him no more, and went on his way rejoicing. But Philip found himself at Azotus, and as he was passing through the region, he proclaimed the good news to all the towns until he came to Caesarea. ​

Greater and Greater WelcomeThere was a persona wilderness roadlooking for God. I wonder if he knew theother stories where people found God in the wilderness or, at least learned something new about God on the way. Maybe he had heard how Jacob once wrestled with the Divine in the wilderness and came away with a new name and a new hitch in his step. Maybe he knew that Hagar had heard the voice of God in the wilderness, a voice that would save her and her young son Ishmael. Maybe he knew the stories of Moses and the Israelites following the cloud of Yahweh through the wilderness to the promised land. Maybe he knew that even though the wilderness road was full of danger, on the road in this place In Between, there was potential for holiness. There was potential for transformation. So, he tried to be open to what the Spirit would bring to him. As he traveled in between the place of worship and his home, he read scripture and he prayed.

He read aloud to himself as he traveled, leaving a religious festival in which he had been unable to fully participate, though he appeared to be a man of deep faith. He was a eunuch, a man who lived in an the In Between... his body had been physically altered, likely against his will, in order to render him less of a threat to the powerful men who wanted to have him as a guard for their wives or for their money. People like him were used go betweens from the private sphere of women to the public sphere of men in royal courts across the ancient world. Because he could never help to create children, he could never attempt to usurp the power of the people who enslaved him. He could also not build a family of his own. Even as this man had had been opportunities in life taken from him without his consent, people in his position were often deeply indebted to the people who used their labor. They could amass trust and even a certain amount of power within the court, as this man seems to have done. After all, he was a court official for Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, and was in charge over her entire treasury. And yet, though he was very powerful as an official, his status as a eunuch would always leave him on the outside of most traditional social interactions. He simply couldn't fit into only one of the roles that people were supposed to fit into. And, it would leave him unable to join the assembly of the people of Judah. You see, in the book of Deuteronomy, in the same chapter where Moabites are forbidden from being part of the assembly of the Lord, so are eunuchs. It is not clear why. The priestly order of Levites forbade men with certain kinds of illnesses or with bodies outside of a certain ideal from being priests. Those physical requirements are later transferred, at least to some extent, to all Israelite men in the book of Deuteronomy. Some scholars believe it may be because, in order to know what religious rules to follow, one must be able to fulfill the social obligations of one of two genders. If you did not fit into one of those two roles, or seemed to live as a mix somewhere in between thetwo roles, you were excluded from full participation in the religious body. Eunuchs were definitely in between, and this put them on the margins of communal life. What this meant was that he could read Scripture, from a scroll he probably owned and could travel to Jerusalem for holy festivals, but he could not enter the temple. His wealth and influence could not buy his way into religious community. It is fascinating to me that he is reading from the book of Isaiah as he travels home to the Ethiopian court. In the book of Luke, it was in the book of Isaiah that Jesus foundhis own mission of love and justice. The author of Acts, which is a sequel to Luke, has the Ethiopian reading a portion of Isaiah that is known as the Servant Song, a part of the scripture that many of Jesus' earliest followers understood to describe Jesus' own life and ministry. And, as you heard in our first reading for the day, it is in the book of Isaiah that we first hear that eunuchs will finally be recognized as God's people. The prophet Isaiah believed that God would say to the eunuchs who keep the Sabbath, follow the law, and tended to an ongoing covenantal relationship with God, "I will give, in my house and within my walls, a monument and a name better than sons and daughters; I will give them an everlasting name that shall not be cut off." God will createa new kind of family forthose whose ability to physically create a family has been destroyed. Doubly good for this Ethiopian, Isaiah says that God will welcome in any foreigner who works to be part of God's covenantal relationship. That's in the next part of the scripture that we didn't read today. Isaiah said that God was creating a new vision of God's reign, one where ethnic and gender divisions did not prevent one from being a part of God's work. God will say, "My house shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples," and God will gather the outcasts of Israel enter to center of God's love. Maybe that's why this man was reading Isaiah. He saw in this book a place for himself in a faith he cherished. Isn't it amazing that just as he is in the wilderness, where people often surprisingly meet God, that the Holy Spirit sent in Philip to tell him about God's new revelation in the life of Jesus? Thankfully Philipheeded the Spirit's call and ran, that right, it says ran, to catch up to the Ethiopian's chariot. They sat together to study God's word. And, Philip... bless his heart... Philip took the eunuch's faith seriously. He told him how Isaiah's vision of a more just and loving community of God was being fulfilled in the work of Jesus. He told him that death did not have the final word. He told him how following Jesus would be difficult, but that the new world that they could birth with the Holy Spirit would be worth the effort.They traveled together, teacher and student, and suddenly came upon a body of water. The eunuch asked Philip what turns out to be quite the poignant question. "What is to prevent me from being baptized?" Had they been continuing to live their lives according to old social rules, there might have been quite a lot to prevent this foreign-born, non-Jewish, powerful yet enslaved, eunuch from entering into the community of believers. Part of me wonders if he hesitated to ask Philip, wondering if, yet again, his in-betweeness would leave him on the margins. Part of the also wonders if he didn't hesitate at all, confident that God had brought Philip, and Jesus, into his life for a reason. Either way, the answer seems obvious. There is nothing to prevent him from entering into Jesus' community. Philip baptized him in the water that ran through the wilderness where they traveled. In a flash, though, Philip was gone, headed on his way to spread the word of Christ's new vision for the world. Even with his new teacher gone, the Ethiopiancontinued home rejoicing, forever changed by his encounter in the wilderness.There are people right now living in between lives... In between jobs, in between paychecks, in between tragedy and great joy. There are people right now who have been told that their bodies, their self-understanding, their unchosen role in the social hierarchy renders them unfit for inclusion in the community of God. Too often, they only hear the voice of Deuteronomy, stating that their supposed "abnormality" excludes them from accessing the Divine. It is our call to be open to the words of Isaiah, who showed us a vision of God's house as a house for all people, and,then,to follow the example of Philip, to take their faith seriously, to make sure that they know that they, in fact, are part of this house, too. No societal expectation can make them any less children of God. God is always bigger than we can imagine. Our community, in order to better reflect God, must therefore be more inclusive than we can imagine. May we be like Philip and be ready torun out into the wilderness and find the ones who are searching for God. Surely the Holy Spirit will go with us and help us all find a way to rejoice together once again.

Our Sermon for October 16th, 2016: The Gift of the Righteous

This statue is titled, "Job Talks to God." It is in Noordwijk, Netherlands. You can find the image at http://diglib.library.vanderbilt.edu/act-imagelink.pl?RC=55467

Jeremiah 25:15-26​For thus the Lord, the God of Israel, said to me: Take from my hand this cup of the wine of wrath, and make all the nations to whom I send you drink it. They shall drink and stagger and go out of their minds because of the sword that I am sending among them. So I took the cup from the Lord’s hand, and made all the nations to whom the Lord sent me drink it: Jerusalem and the towns of Judah, its kings and officials, to make them a desolation and a waste, an object of hissing and of cursing, as they are today; Pharaoh king of Egypt, his servants, his officials, and all his people; all the mixed people; all the kings of the land of Uz; all the kings of the land of the Philistines—Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod; Edom, Moab, and the Ammonites; all the kings of Tyre, all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the coastland across the sea; Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all who have shaven temples; all the kings of Arabia and all the kings of the mixed peoplesthat live in the desert; all the kings of Zimri, all the kings of Elam, and all the kings of Media; all the kings of the north, far and near, one after another, and all the kingdoms of the world that are on the face of the earth. And after them the king of Sheshach shall drink.

Job 19:23-36‘O that my words were written down! O that they were inscribed in a book! O that with an iron pen and with lead they were engraved on a rock for ever! For I know that my Redeemer lives, and that at the last he will stand upon the earth;and after my skin has been thus destroyed, then in my flesh I shall see God,whom I shall see on my side, and my eyes shall behold, and not another. My heart faints within me! If you say, “How we will persecute him!” and, “The root of the matter is found in him”; be afraid of the sword, for wrath brings the punishment of the sword, so that you may know there is a judgement.’ ​

The Gift of the Righteous

The Bible is a pretty amazing collection of writings by authors whose experiences span several cultures and thousands of years of history. The whole of Scripturestands as poetic evidence of generations of people's wrestling with conceptsno less cosmic or deeply human than: What are we here for? How are we to relate to the rest of creation? How did we come to this point in history? Our scripture for today addresses on particularly poignant question: why do bad things happen? This is a question central to so many parts of the Bible and to human life. Bad things happen on both individual and communal levels. Wars, droughts, floods, fires, and unexpected deaths come and wreak havoc on people's lives. It seems natural to want, even demand, an explanation for such disruption and destruction. Today's two readingsoffer two very different explanations for destruction. First, let's take a moment with the reading from Jeremiah.

You see, Jeremiah was trying to figure out why some very bad things happened to the people of Israel and Judah. He had watched the Babylonian Empire march across the land, first laying waste to the northern province and then laying siege to the city of Jerusalem. He had seen rulers exiled, the city, and her temple, destroyed. As the people left in the ruins of the city struggled to find food to eat, and as he, himself, wasdragged away to Babylon, Jeremiah sought to explain how God could let the Chosen people struggle so. Drawing on his cultural understanding of a conditional covenantal relationship between God and humanity, Jeremiah came to believethat God would only allow this level of destruction if Israel and Judah had broken their end of the covenant with God. God could not allow the unrighteous to flourish. So, God would strike them down, using Babylon to exact God's punishment.

Our first reading is a list of unrighteous nations that had fallen afoul of God and would be punished. Today, wewant to pay attention to one nation within this list, the nation of Uz. Uz matters because a serious critique of Jeremiah's theology of divine retribution will be credited to a man from Uz, a man named Job. Job will lose nearly everything in his life and suffer terrible pain. He also knew that he didn't deserve that pain and was willing to challenge anyone who said he did. In so doing, he provides a powerful example of how to have a brave and honest relationship with God, an example we would do well to remember.

In the book that bears his name, Job is described as blameless and upright. He was a man who feared God and did no evil. At the beginning of the story, he has all of the elements in life that people understood to be divine rewards given to a righteous man. He had seven sons and three daughters who treated each other, and their father, with great generosity. He had rich herds of sheep, oxen, camels, and donkeys. He was wealthy enough to have many servants. And, he regularly thanked God for all that he had, blessing his children and offering up sacrifices, even repenting for any sins that he, or his family, may have even unknowingly committed. If anyone was going to be held up as an example of how God rewards the righteous, it would be Job. Things change when his world begins to fall apart around him.

First, his animals and servants are all killed by natural disasters or by attacks from warring neighbors. Then, all of his children are killed when a building falls in on them. Then, he develops terrible, painful sores all over his body. And, yet, Scripture tells us that he continued to avoid sin and never cursed God for all the terrible things that happened to him. Three of his friends showed up try to offer support. For seven days, they do a great thing for Job: They sit quietly with him in his pain and listen to his lament. But, then, after seven days, they try to explain away his pain. They bring up ideas about righteousness and suffering that mirror the ideas of Jeremiah. They say God punishes the unrighteous. They try to defend God, saying that God would not do something like this unless it was necessary. They even say that God has probably taken less from him that he truly deserves. He must have been unrighteous. He should accept his punishmentand repent, and maybe everyting could go back to normal.

One of the greatest gifts that Job has given us as descendants of the faith is that he refutes the idea that he must be being punished if he is in this much pain. In abeautiful and heart-breaking disputation, he recounts his pain and sadness while also, perhaps miraculously, reporting a deep and abiding faith in God. He refers to God as his redeemer and shares a hope for a future where, upon his death, he can finally see the God to whom he has been so devoted his whole life. He wanted this expression of faith to be his legacy, going so far as to say that he wished that it could be written in stone as a monument. And, yet, in spite of his deep faith, he knew that the devastation and suffering that surrounded him could not be a punishment from God. He did nothing to deserve what had happened to him. He was sure that this suffering could not be punishment. It must be something else.

We who live outside of this story know that Job is correct. God was not punishing him for something he had done. These tragedies were completely unrelated to Job's actions. They are, however, the actions of someone who has power over him. They were was a test from one called the Accuser. You might recognize the Accuser by a specificname, Satan. Satan is the Hebrew word for the Accuser. At this point in Jewish history, Satan didn't yet refer to one single evil entity who operated in opposition to God. Inthis story, the Accuser is simply one of the heavenly beings who hangs out with God, aheavenly being whowondered if the only reason that Job was so righteous wasbecause he didn't want to be punished by God. The Accuser wondered if Job would continue to be so righteous if all the things that seemed to be rewards from God were taken away. If Job had no evidence that he was doing the right thing, would he continue to do the right thing? Or, would he fall away and curse God. The Accuser asks God to allow him to test Job's resolve. Frustratingly, God said yes. All the pain that then follows is a result of this wager. It is not a punishment from God. It is a test that God allows the Accuser to impose.

In the story, Job has no idea that he is in the middle of such a high stakes game. He just knows that he has lost too much and sees no reason that he should be punished. And, he will tell anyone, even God, that he does not deserve the pain that he is in. In challenging the idea that he must have deserved his pain, Job ends up helping to crack open the whole notion that humanity's tragedies are somehow orchestrated by God as retribution for unrighteousness. Job goes to God demanding that God recognize his innocence before the law. What Job learns from God is that his pain and suffering is not some terrible punishment from God. God confirms that Job's friends were foolish to believe that Job did something to merit punishment. But, God also challenges Job's idea that he shouldn't suffer because he is righteous. In fact, God has no interest in this conversation about guilt and innocence because the things humans have in life are not a result of some divine game of quid pro quo. Creation is not a game that you can play by just trying to be more righteous than unrighteous. Creation is a mystery, and in the midst of the mystery, terrible things will happen to both the righteous and the unrighteous. Wonderful things will happen to the righteous and the unrighteous. And,God says that there are often no easy answers as to why.

This mystery of creation that avoids simple answer to complex questions is atrue challenge of faith. Therefore, itdoes us no good to try to build our faith around avoiding pain. Wehave to build a faith that allows us to travel through pain, confident that God is still creating even in the midst of suffering. Job's example helps us set a course for such a tenacious faith. Job helps us tell the truth and keep seeking God, even in our pain. Job's story invites us totrust that if we can tell the truth, we may be able to learn something new about the Divine like he did. Imagine what would have been lost if his story had been disregarded because he was a foreigner from an unrighteous nation? May we all still be willing to hear such a story of grace from an unlikely person. ​

Walter Brueggemann, An Introduction to the Old Testament: The Canon and Christian Imagination (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003)

Our Sermon for October 23rd, 2016: Should I Not Be Concerned?

Jonah and the Whale by He Qi can be found at http://diglib.library.vanderbilt.edu/act-imagelink.pl?RC=46129

Jonah 3:1-4:10​The word of the Lord came to Jonah a second time, saying, ‘Get up, go to Nineveh, that great city, and proclaim to it the message that I tell you.’So Jonah set out and went to Nineveh, according to the word of the Lord. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly large city, a three days’ walk across.Jonah began to go into the city, going a day’s walk. And he cried out, ‘Forty days more, and Nineveh shall be overthrown!’ And the people of Nineveh believed God; they proclaimed a fast, and everyone, great and small, put on sackcloth.

When the news reached the king of Nineveh, he rose from his throne, removed his robe, covered himself with sackcloth, and sat in ashes. Then he had a proclamation made in Nineveh: ‘By the decree of the king and his nobles: No human being or animal, no herd or flock, shall taste anything. They shall not feed, nor shall they drink water. Human beings and animals shall be covered with sackcloth, and they shall cry mightily to God. All shall turn from their evil ways and from the violence that is in their hands. Who knows? God may relent and change his mind; he may turn from his fierce anger, so that we do not perish.’ When God saw what they did, how they turned from their evil ways, God changed his mind about the calamity that he had said he would bring upon them; and he did not do it.

But this was very displeasing to Jonah, and he became angry. He prayed to the Lord and said, ‘O Lord! Is not this what I said while I was still in my own country? That is why I fled to Tarshish at the beginning; for I knew that you are a gracious God and merciful, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love, and ready to relent from punishing. And now, O Lord, please take my life from me, for it is better for me to die than to live.’ And the Lord said, ‘Is it right for you to be angry?’ Then Jonah went out of the city and sat down east of the city, and made a booth for himself there. He sat under it in the shade, waiting to see what would become of the city.

The Lord God appointed a bush, and made it come up over Jonah, to give shade over his head, to save him from his discomfort; so Jonah was very happy about the bush. But when dawn came up the next day, God appointed a worm that attacked the bush, so that it withered. When the sun rose, God prepared a sultry east wind, and the sun beat down on the head of Jonah so that he was faint and asked that he might die. He said, ‘It is better for me to die than to live.’ But God said to Jonah, ‘Is it right for you to be angry about the bush?’ And he said, ‘Yes, angry enough to die.’ Then the Lord said, ‘You are concerned about the bush, for which you did not labour and which you did not grow; it came into being in a night and perished in a night.

Should I Not Be Concerned?

Imagine being so angry, disgusted, or frightened by a group of people that you don't even want to see them to give them bad news. That's where we find Jonah at the beginning of the book that bears his name. God has told him to go to Ninevah and he has run away in the opposite directionto avoid going. Like, the "left town, jumped on a boat, and went out to sea to try to get away from God" kind of running off. He so objects to the call that God has given him that it takes getting swamped in a storm and swallowed up by a big fish to change his mind. He had to sit in the belly of that fish for three whole days andget vomited up by that very samefish before he finally did what God wanted.Now, he might have actually had a good reason to dislike Ninevah. Ninevah was the capital of the Assyrian Empire, an empire known for it's brutality. Assyria had destroyed the Northern Kingdom of Israel and subjugated the Southern Kingdom of Judah. It is likely that anyone who had lived in either territory would hear the name of the city of Ninevah, andautomatically think that these were bad people to spend time with. They might even empathize with Jonah. They probably wouldn't have wanted to go to Ninevah, either. The thing is, though, when God calls you to do something, it can be very hard to say no, especially if you're a prophet. Jonah tried really hard to say no. In the end though, the big fish made an impression. Jonah saw that some things are bigger than his fear and anger. God was bigger than his fear and anger. He realized that he needed to go to Ninevah and take them God's message.The story says that Ninevah was a huge city... so big that it would take three days to cross it. Jonah put on his big prophet pants and began his walk into the city. He shouted God's message as he went: "Forty days more, and Ninevah shall be overthrown!" I don't know about you, but if I hear a stranger shouting about the place I live getting ready to be overthrown, I tend not to listen very closely. I tend to assume that the shouter doesn't really know what they are talking about. If he came marching through Winthrop, he'd probably be ignored. There was a good chance that he'd have been ignored in Ninevah, too, or, perhaps more likely, he would have risked being killed. The Bible is full of nations that chose to attack God's prophets rather than listen to them. Maybe that's one more reason why Jonah didn't want to go to Ninevah. Now, the cultural context in which this story was developed was a little more amenable to strange prophets marching through the streets with predictions of doom. The people actually listen to him. The people suddenly proclaim a fast as a sign of repentance. They alsobegin to wearsackcloth, an itchy, uncomfortable fabric, another sign of repentance. The word of reluctant Jonah's prophecy travels quickly among the people, seeming to reach the king before Jonah does. The king's response both mirrors and intensifies the response of the people. He declares an official fast for the city, saying that not only must the people fast, the animals should fast, too. And, everybody, animals, people... everybody should be covered in sackcloth, and "cry mightly to God." Now, take a minute to truly imagine this. Every donkey trough is empty. The hay remains in every hayloft. Forlorn sheep wrapped in burlap are wondering the city streets. Everyone is lamenting and repenting aloud, even the goats. The king instigates this whole ridiculous scene in hopes that his people (and animals) will give up their evil ways and that they might be spared by God (who, by the way, isn't even their god... yet one more reason it is surprising that they make such drastic changes).As I have said, in many stories, we would have never seen a threatened nation make such changes (remember, people ignored prophets all the time). But, we do here in Jonah. God sees them changing, too. God sees legitimate attempts to make amends and move away from the brutality that they were known for. God sees them trying and God changes God's mind. God decides not to destroy them. Jonah finds out about God's change of heart and is not happy about one little bit. Jonah throws a proper tantrum, saying to God, "See... this is why I ran off to Tarshish. I knew you couldn't go through with it. I knew that you are merciful and loving and willing to be changed when you see legitimate repentance. I knew that you'd spare them if you had the chance. Ugh. I'd rather die than to see you offer compassion to those people. They are sooo awful." God responds with something like, "Wait, what? You're mad I didn't kill them?" Jonah doesn't even respond. Hejust huffs and puffs out of the city and builds himself a little shelter from which he will watch and wait, hoping God will come to God's senses and destroy the city.God, who is merciful, moved a plant to cover of Jonah, to offer him shade while he waited. God, who also needs to teach Jonah a lesson, sends a pest to destroy the bush. In the heat of the day, petulant Jonah grows faint and again wishes for death. Bitter and hot, he says, "It is better for me to die than to live." God,not yet ready to give up on Jonah, asks him a simple question, "Is it right for you to be mad that the plant was destroyed?" Jonah says, "Yes, of course it is. I'm so mad about it that I could die and that's ok." God, ever patient, says, "You're worried about this plant that you have done nothing to create. It just appeared here as far as you're concerned. You have no investment of time or energy in it's life. It's just shade that kept you from being hot. It came to being in one measly night and disappeared in one measly night." Can you tell where God is going with this? "If you're worried about this plant, why shouldn't I not be concerned about Ninevah and all of the creatures within her gates? There are a hundred and twenty thousand people down there who don't know their right hand from their left. Shouldn't I love them? I made them. I invested time and energy in their thriving. Shouldn't I be concerned?" Interestingly, this is the moment when the story stops. We have no idea how Jonah responds. We have no idea if Jonah learns something new about God and mercy as he sweats in the heat of the day, waiting for God to be as mad at Ninevah as he is. The ending is so abrubt that it makes me wonder if we're not supposed to understand this an invitation to spend some time figuring out who we are in this story. Might we be the Ninevites, struggling to repent of our brutish ways and surprised by the mercy of a God we really didn't even know? Might we be Jonah, struggling to see the people we hate and fear as beloved children of God? This is a strange and often funny story that has very serious questions at it's heart, questions worth our consideration as we seek to be extensions of God's mercy in the world. It seems clear that doing God's work sometimes means being willing to engage with people whom we fear... people who have maybe even hurt us. We may be bitter about having to do that. Just because we're bitter doesn’t mean that God can't work through us.It also seems like the oppressors will be offered a way to repent. When, we find ourselves in the place of the Ninevites, the ones who need to do some repenting, we can be relieved that this story reminds us that apology and giving up our evil ways in an option that can bring great mercy. One more thing seems clear: God will pursue all of us, reluctant prophets and remorseful oppressors alike, always offering us greater understanding and love than we had previously imagined possible. Maybe that's why this story is so open-ended. It's not over. We are stillsitting in a fish andhearing thatstrange prophet in the streets. We are still being pursued by God and offered new modes of Grace. The question is, are we really willing to take this opportunity to believe in God's mercy and live anew?

Pastor Chrissy consulted the following sources while writing this sermon:

Walter Brueggemann, An Introduction to the Old Testament: The Canon and Christian Imagination (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003)

Our Sermon For October 30th, 2016: A Case Study in Mercy

Amos 4:1-5Hear this word, you cows of Bashan who are on Mount Samaria,who oppress the poor, who crush the needy, who say to their husbands, ‘Bring something to drink!’ The Lord God has sworn by his holiness: The time is surely coming upon you,when they shall take you away with hooks, even the last of you with fish-hooks. Through breaches in the wall you shall leave, each one straight ahead; and you shall be flung out into Harmon,says the Lord. Come to Bethel—and transgress; to Gilgal—and multiply transgression;bring your sacrifices every morning, your tithes every three days; bring a thank-offering of leavened bread, and proclaim freewill-offerings, publish them; for so you love to do, O people of Israel!says the Lord God.

Luke 10: 25-37Just then a lawyer stood up to test Jesus. ‘Teacher,’ he said, ‘what must I do to inherit eternal life?’ He said to him, ‘What is written in the law? What do you read there?’ He answered, ‘You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbour as yourself.’ And he said to him, ‘You have given the right answer; do this, and you will live.’

But wanting to justify himself, he asked Jesus, ‘And who is my neighbour?’ Jesus replied, ‘A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and fell into the hands of robbers, who stripped him, beat him, and went away, leaving him half dead. Now by chance a priest was going down that road; and when he saw him, he passed by on the other side.So likewise a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a Samaritan while travelling came near him; and when he saw him, he was moved with pity. He went to him and bandaged his wounds, having poured oil and wine on them. Then he put him on his own animal, brought him to an inn, and took care of him. The next day he took out two denarii, gave them to the innkeeper, and said, “Take care of him; and when I come back, I will repay you whatever more you spend.” Which of these three, do you think, was a neighbour to the man who fell into the hands of the robbers?’ He said, ‘The one who showed him mercy.’ Jesus said to him, ‘Go and do likewise.’

A Case Study in Mercy

Did you all ever hear the story of the two advice columnists who were twin sisters but could not get along? Ann Landers, who wrote a syndicated column based out of Chicago, and Abigail Van Buren, who's own syndicated column was based out of San Francisco, spent their careers advising all manner of people on matters of love, work, health, and finance. And yet, for a significant portion of their early careers, did not speak to one another. The twins, whose real names were Esther Lederer and Pauline Phillips, were fiercely competitive, leading one sister to offer her column to their hometown newspaper but only under the condition that they refuse to run her sister's column. While the worst of the feud was supposedly put to rest in the nineteen sixties, it appears that they occasionallycontinued to clash until Esther's death in 2002. Their daughters, who also went into the advice column business, have also publicly sniped at one another, carrying on this part of their family legacy, too.

I thought of these two siblings and their heritage of conflict this week as I returned to Jesus' parable of the merciful Samaritan and the wounded man. You see, two parties in this story also have a family heritage of conflict. Judeans and Samaritans, while not twin sisters from Iowa, were, at the very least, distant cousins. Their national communities neighbored one another, Samaria (also called Israel) to the north and Judea to the South. They had faced, and had been conquered by the same oppressive empires (remember in our sermon from last week how horrible Assyria was? Assyria took over both territories. Rome did, too, hundreds of years later). Both communities understood themselves to be descendants of Hebrew patriarch Jacob. Both communities understood themselves to be worshiping in the traditions of their ancestors. And, each community understood the other to somehow be doing the faith wrong. They disagreed about religious laws and disagreed about where and whether to gather for corporate worship. Like the twin advice columnists, they might look very similar to someone looking at them from outside their relationship. However, within the relationship, the differences were clear and striking. The people of Judea were regularly called upon to show mercy to neighbors and strangers alike as a core tenet of their faith. However, when it came to their actual neighbors, ones with whom they shared a contentiousreligious and cultural history, it was particularly difficult to build healthy relationship. There was too much bad history and too many sour grapes. It would have been hard to build trust with so many centuries of misunderstanding weighing in on every interaction. And, yet, here in the Gospel of Luke, Jesus told a parable where a Samaritan was the hero. What could he have gained by valorizingthe actions of character who would have existed atthe margins of his own marginalized religious community? Jesus shared this story while in conversation with another thoughtful Jew, a man deeply familiar witha their shared religious law. The man asked Jesus a thoughtful question about following God's commandments. He said, knowing that we are called to love God with our heart, soul, strength, and mind, and to love our neighbor as ourselves, who is our neighbor? This is an interesting quesiton.Remember, there is a core tension in their shared tradition. They know that they are called to love their neighbors and to love strangers, but, they also know that there is a long history of certain neighbors, like the Samaritans... and Canaanites and Jebusites and many others being called wicked. Both Jesus and this lawyer would have been taught to avoid these kinds of neighbors at all costs. So, how does the faithful person possibly love their neighbor when they're pretty sure that their neighbor is awful?

Peter Gomes, graduate of Bates College and professor and preacher at Harvard Divinity School, once suggested that we can have a better sense of what Jesus was teaching in this parable if we pay attention to the words he and lawyer used to describe the Samaritan's actions in the story. One word is particularly important: the word "mercy." Gomes reminds us that mercy is often understood to mean a kindness that may not be deserved. He said that mercy "is kindness in the face of the opportunity to do otherwise." In a given situation, when one examines the all the history and all the facts and all the feelings, onemight be justified to be unkind or angry or bitter against one's neighbor. However, according to Gomes,Jesus says the core of our call from God isn't only justice. It is also mercy... a type of kindness that can bloom in spite of old conflicts and old wounds. It is a kindness that goes beyond the requirements of justice into something more Divine. It is the kindness shown by the Samaritan.

Let's look for a moment at this story as though it were a case study in how to show mercy. A man is beaten and nearly killed as he traveled down a dangerous road. Two people, people who shared his religious and ethnic background, people whom one might expect to help him, don't. Maybe they were afraid that he was setting a trap for them. Maybe they had other responsibilities and demands shaping their behavior, thus preventing them from helping. Maybe they were just jerks who thought he deserved what he had gotten. Whatever the reason, they don't help. However, a Samaritan shows up and helps. He was under no obligation to help the injured man. In fact, given the tension between their communities and the history of hostility, he might have even been able to justify leaving the man there to die. But, he chose mercy instead, acting in kindness in spite of old wounds. He put himself in danger to take time to clean and bandage the stranger'swounds. He used his own resources to carry him somewhere safe and to pay for further care and lodging. He even promises to return to see the man in order to finish paying his tab and make sure he is ok. This story is so interesting because it shows us that Jesus was a good teacher. He didn't just define "neighbor" for the man. He told him a story where a variety of people's neighborliness could be analyzedand then asked the man which of the characters acted as a neighbor. He asked the man to put himself in the place of the one who had been beaten, and identify the one who had treated him like a neighbor. Neighbors don't walk by you when you struggle, even if they have a good reason to do so. Neighbors see you bleeding and decide to stop and help. Neighbors decide that mercy might be more important than justice, at least this one time, and come over to bandage your wounds. Jesus asked, you want to know who is your neighbor? Who is the one who can look across a vast body of difference and a long history of conflict between the two peopleand still see reason to offer mercy... That person is a neighbor. Go be like that person. Why is this new definition of neighbor so important? For one, it offers a compassionate example of an outcast doing what it right, as opposed to doing what is expected. The more times Jesus could tell stories of an unexpectedly righteous person, the more often his followers were given the chance to imagine a Beloved Community of God that included all kinds of different people (even people they had been taught to hate). This meant that when they encountered a Samaritan in real life, rather than ignore them as they had been taught to do their whole lives, they might begin to engage across the differences that had once separated them. Secondly, it helped his followers imagine themselves in the position of receiving mercy from someone whom they did not expect. God is always showing up in unexpected places, like inpoor refugee babies and homeless itinerant preachers. The divine might show up in the face of a Samaritan, too. Jesus wanted his followers to be prepared to meet God however God shows up. Perhaps one final reason the Samaritan story is important is that it shows us a model for relationship that is greater than our bonds of nationality and religion. If Jesus had told a story of a Jew helping another Jew, it could have been easy to dismiss the helper as simply offering aid out of religious and cultural obligation. Jesus invites us into relationship that is greater than simple obligation.It's based on radical, world-redefining examples of mercy, hospitality, and yes, even justice. Gomes states that in order to see the possibilities of God's new revelation and presence in our world, we can't just keep hanging out with the same kinds of people and doing the same kinds of things we have always done. We must be prepared to buildrelationships innew, gracious and merciful ways. We've got to be willing to be helped by Samaritans and we've got to be willing to go on offer our mercy to someone else. That's what Jesus meant when he said "Go, and do the same." Go. Surprise yourself and someone else with God's great love. Go, and sit with someone you've been taught to fear. Go, and try something new and beautiful with God. That's how we build the merciful and just kin-dom with God. Now, go. And, do the same.

Pastor Chrissy consulted the following sources while writing this sermon: