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western dar&m wm â€¢ â€¢ th ziz^n i fr '"" hw n wl " ,|, . w y *Â«â– â€¢ l wÂ»l ii *â€¢ v i â€¢ .',.. s â€ž lance ofiii til.iv whioh in.l ,,,, â€žâ– Â«,,â€žâ€ž, in tuohear , ,,, the cittaen and which will ba evaded wilh little remon i lie us.iuin ot legislation is especially soon in ri.uu laws on conscience ,. . ., â€¢ ilr i limning \\\ iv t'x l'on craige salisbury rowan cot m '-: . \. <" ... honda i phil 8 is .;*. vol lll . t . ii /' . t l ir.-f-i rt-.l tu to allow that ti convontiun so fur from conferring lha power on tlio i i tui uovernment had i 1 it lo the8tatpa the right lo impose duties t.ri imports with the express view uf enabling llin several status to protect their own manufactures notwithstanding this con n ss hnd nssu mod without uny warrant from hi con stitution lho right nf oxorcisitig tins most iinportani power and had sn exorcised it as tn inipoao a ruinous burden nn t'i labor i,,,l capital uf i siiti by whioh lu-r ro sources were exliaustod â€” tin enjoyment ... her citizens rurtniled â€” tho menus of educatinn cuntrnctori â€” anil all her niter sis essentially nnd injuriously uflccto-l we have i ii sneoringlj told that she wns ti small state j that her population iul nut much . xi i hull u milium of souls . â– in i hi i more than one half arore nol nf the european race tho lacls were s lie knew she ootild never be a __: i n state and ili.ii tin 1 ", iu distinction tu whioh she cuuld aspiro must i imsod nn tin moral uu i intellectual acquirements of steer boi.s to tli devolopomonl of those much nf hor attention had iÂ»*-.-n directed bu this restrictive ayatom which had s unjustl exnctnd tho proceeds of her labor t be bestowed n other seclions had s iinpai r,-l thn resources of the state that if not speedily arrested it w ul i dry up the ui mis of education nud with it deprive her if the only source through which she could aspire to distinction there was another misstatement iis to in nature nf the ntr tversy so frequent iv mule in debute and sn well calculated t mislead thut in fell bound tn nnt.ee it it has been snid ihat south carolina claims the right to annul the constitution nud laws ot lu unitod btates j and to re but ins supposed claim the gentleman iron virginia mr rives bus gravely i quote i tlie constitution to prove that the constitution and the laws made iu pursu ance thereof aro tin supreme laws of the land ; as ifthe state claimed the n^lii to net contrary to tins provision of the con stitution nothing enn be mure errone ous her object is not to resist lawa made in pursuance ofthe constitution hut those in it without ita authority and which en croach un her reserved posreie she claims n,,t even the right of judging ofthe delegated powers but of those thnt are reserved and to resist the former when liny encroach upon the latter he would mis t illustrate thia important punt all must a liuit ih it then are delegated nnd reserved p vers nnd tli.it the powers reserved are reserved to the statos respoc ing it fnr the wholes and without in fact lh rie.ivc wyxtem that preceded it hid annulling thia important provision of hit diverted a large amount of capital and in constitution igninst this as il appear dusin from enmmerce to manufactures od in hun cue in ive u w oftho subject pnrlieiiliirl to theonttnn and woollen bran it has been urged thnt this power is ox ches there was a debt at the same time prussly conferred on tha supremo court nf hundred and thirty milli nfdnl l iliut portion rift he cotistitutiun whieh lars hanging ovo tho count r.i : mid tho prm ides thn the judicial p iwer shall ,â€¢*,. hoavj war tli s were still in existence â€” tend to all cnses in law and equity arising under these circ.iinstn.iees the question under tho constirutiiin tho laws of the u was presented to what point iho duties niled lulus and treaties made under theii might tn be redu i that question in authority he believed ihe assertion t t,,l another it what timo tin debt be ut ler ij tlualituto nf any fnundalinn it ought lo be paidl which woe a question nf i i mel-j mis ih intention of iho consti p hev involving in its consideration all lho latinn limply to mnltn llifl judicial power i ircuipstancea connected with the then con commonsiirnte wilh lho law making aud dition of thn country witong iho must treaty mnking puwcra j and to vest ll with praminent argumanta in favor nf an carl the right of a|iplying the constitution lhe discharge of tliajajuli ivasth.il the high lints nnd llio treaties to the casos which dutiea which ii would reqt tn ii:,-t it might mi under thorn and no lo make would have nt lha ni inn il.e ir ><â– i nf it lhe judges of the constitution ihe lawa ! sustaining the infnni mnnufni lures which iiml the treaties themselves in fact lhe hull forced up undor th rumstnnces puiver ol applying the laws lo tho feci of to which he had btlverted us view of the eu-e nud deciding upon sn,-ii applica j ihe suhjeci lmd n decided ii.t1tn.iire iu dolor tin.i constitutes in truth the judicial pun mining in fuvur of an en rly payment nf er tho distinction between suc pewi-r,jtlii debt the sinking fund tins accord and thnt of judging nfthe laws would be i mgly raised llrun seven to i uillionsof perfectl apparent wl.e.i we advert lo yilmt i dollars with the provision in apply the ib tho acknuwledgetr pnwer uf the cdurt in surplus which might remain in tha prea reference to treaties or n impacts botween surj , us a conlingen iipprnprialiun in t lint sovereigns it w<ih perfectly established fund and the daliea were gretttetl tu mem that the courts have no right to judge d this inureaseil expenditure li b/aa thus the violation ol treaties and thai i re that the puhc and justico of protecting feret.ee in them their power is limited lo the large amount of capital and industry he n..'lit of judging siuipli ofthe violntion w liich hod heen diverte i bi the asuraa of rights under thorn ; and lhal tho right el ofthe uovernment intn now channels as judging of inline inns belongs exclusively he had stated wos ibinod will tho lis tu the parlies thernselvos nnd nol lo the cal action of tho government and which courts nf which we have an example in while ii secured n prompt payment nf ihe ihe french treaty whieh was declared by debt prevented the immense loasoa ... the congress null and vnid iu consequence of manufacturers which would have f dlowed its violation by the government offranoe a sudden and great reduction slill re without such declaration iiml a french venue was the main object mid protect ritizui sued a citizen nl this country under but tl ncidental the bill to reduce the the treaty tl.e court euuld hnve taken no dutt -. i reporled by thn eommittt i cognizance of ita infraction ; nur after such waya and menu nnd nn nf m.uuilnt i-u n declaration would it have heard nnv ar es 1 1 it proposed n hnavv reduction mi guroent nr proof going to show hut the trea lho then existing rate uf lut ies ilm wln.i tv had nnl been violated uf itself w-itliuul uther evidence was de the declaration of itself wns conclusive cisive ns t the character ef the lull isth nn iln court hut it would lh naked how fact thnt it fixed ,, mueh higher rate of du theoourt obtained the powers to pronounce tiea on the unprotected that the protected a law or treaty unconstitutional when thej article he would enumerate a l.w lead cume in conflict with that instrument 1 he ing articles onl .- woollen and cotton above li i nut deny thut it possesses the ri^ln the value uf 95 cents nn the square yard im hc oul i l.y in means concede lhal i though thev were lie leading objects of was derived from the constitution it hnd protection were subject tu n permanent its origin in tbe necessity of the case â€” dilty of uul jo per cent iron another where ihere were two or more rules eatab leading article among the protected had a lished one from Â« higher the other from n protection of not more than t per cont us luwer authority winch might coma iuto fixed by tbe act and of bul 15 aa reported conflict in applying them lo a particular in he lull these rn.es were nil below 1 10 a mere system ,_!' impnsiti.ia on ihe people | controlled almost nxel.isi vni v l.v th si whose object it mis tn obtain the pa tronage nf the government ; an.l lhal withoul regard to principle or policy standing apart from whal sho eonsidered a contest in which the public lm.1 no in terest she his been ll-sin!e l.y both pur lies mill n fury altogether unpnralelled ; hut which pursuing the enurse whieh iha believed 1 1 1 >< â€¢ r i \ and duty required sho hns i.i wilh n iiiinii-'s equal tolhe fierceness nf the iissiuli in ihe uu.lst of this altneli i had not escaped willi n view l in ilietnil a wound nn the state through him lie had been held up its tin author of the protect ive system ; and one of i's moal strenuous advocates it hus with pain that he alluded lo himself on sn deep nnd urnvon subject as that now nnder diseas ion ; nnd which ho sincorelv believed involved the liberty nt iho country lie now regretted that under tin sens ,,| in justice winch lho remarks nf t benatnr ftom pennaylvania ( mr ivii.kins t.'.l i',r tl.e niunieii he hnd hastily given lus pledge lo defend himself ngoiuai the oharge which lmd been mads u roferenee t-i lus uouraa in 1818 n..t that thorfl Â».. ill i in nnv ihlli nlli in repelling ill ahsrge bul i .',.,. si lie felt u deep ichie tance in turning tho discussion in anj da iee from ii subject uf s much mngni in.l in nn nf su luile importance ss the consistency nr inconsistency ol himself ur nf course lha it was aonstttul , e i i nut remind ibe satiate w l â– . - , . i,,s measure is constitutional timt nil argils nients enleiil.il.-il tu shuw its beiiffi.iid up mt i.i.i mny is legitimately pressed into service withoul inking into consideration whether ihe subject to which the argtu ments refer ih within lhe sphere nf the eoiisiiiiiiion r nut if fur instance a quoation were before ihe body t lay n dis t ii inliles and h motion be niiiile lo rn du e ihe duty r admit bibles dun free who eoul i doubt timt the argument in lit vnr of the motion iiml the in tense i . limits lull in nf the l.il.les would he in l.iv.ir of lho morality and religion nf tbo count rv would beatrietl proper or who would suppose iiml he whn bad adduced 1 hi.j committed hlmaelf on the oonsti.utionuli â– /â– /â€žâ€¢ western v irolimian is published on u meek ut two dollur per tin ',â– ""â– '/_"""' tetthin ihree montht r tiro ,,.,â€ž x tt'i'l./ij cents if paid m any oth â– rr u a iciiliin tin i"tr no paper will i iii.i-i iiiiiititii until nil arrearages urr ,,,,... ul tin i ithir's di.rri ttoii â€” \ . igcription iriii in received for a it-i Â«,,,,, ihan one year i nl lo notify thr l.dilor <;/ it visa f . discontinue uu month in fore llu expira tion ol a t r . fill iw considered us a skis engagement w person procuring six solvent sui teribert to iht caroli tian ihall hate u i paper grtuit advertising at ihe susn i ralhs l/j letters addressed to the editor must he post paid or they will not be attended â€ž. r i'i iso terms will bu strictl adher ed to _^__ tv nf tukuig the religion or morals nf ilm country under the charge oftho iv i ial government i again i siipimwo the quee lion tn be tn rni.se the ditlv nn silk or y nther article of luxury v thai itahould bo supported on ihe ground hn i was mi article n.i.ti.lv consumed by ths rich and bxtrbvbgn.lt could il in li.irly inferred ihat in the opinion of lhe speaker con areas lmd lhe right tu piss sumptuary lulls ' lie nl asked hn in mc phi in rulea im ppl.etl to h.s argument on the tariff of 1818 thev turned iiliii.h-t i-n.irolv n the inm fits which iiiunuliietuii's conferred 1,11 the country in time of war i nud which no one could doubt theoountry in i o coolly pnssed through such ll flute too world waa at that time deeply agitated by ihe e acta of the great conflict winch hud su lung raged tn europe nud which no one could tell bow soon again might re turn bonaparte bad but reeen.lv fecit overthrown i the whole southern part uf thla continent was in astnie of revolution und was threatened with the inli-lh i eo u ihe hulv alliance which hud i oc ur red must almost neecssnrily have involved this country in a must dnngeruue oouuict i wns under these cllciiliikt.iii.es timt lift lmd delivered ihe speech in winch he ur uil the huns that iii the adjustment uf the tariff referenoo ought to bo hud tn a slale of wnr ns iiell hh peace und thut its provision ought tn be tixi.d ull tlie cm pound views uf the two periods â€” milking some sacrifice in peace m order timt tha leas might bo mudo in wnr mas il.ia principle i'uiho ? and in urging it did ho ,,.,,, mil l.imsell lu hut system of pics sion since grown up and whirl i.n tl-r its object ihu enriching nf une portion of lhe country n the exponee ut tlie othei ' air i 1 , aaid the plain rule in ull uch iihi.'.s wus thul ii in ii it meiisui wus pro posed the list thui is to nh ,-,. in ua constitutionality i uml tln.t being n.err tiline.l the ll it wax its txpedienei , w uh last opened ihu whole fluid uf ui^uuiultt it.r uii i egaiuat every topic mny be ur ged oalculated to prove i wise or unwotts â€” au iii a bill tu raise imports li must lirst be uncurtained thill the bill in bused ni lue principles of revenue and that lho money raised is necessary for tlie wuota ol ho country these being hm-i-i tinned every argument direct nn indirect may he curly offered which limy go to show that under ull the circuiiist.inc.es lhe pros vismiisul the lull ure proper ur improper hull tins p am and simple rule been inher ed in we si uld never havo heard ul tlio complain of carolina 11 r objection is not against lhe improper modification of n lull iicktiowledged to be fur revenue ; but lhal under the name ,,!' imp s|s u power essentially different fro the luxiiig putv er is eaerciaed â€” pt.r.i.king much mure uf senate ofu states < speech of mn calhoun of south > vboi.in v st ihr bv fi:r-hrr i f.r.in,^_/>mc_co lection of duties on imporlt llr aliiui n ios and oddrosbod the fi ne ii â€¢ knew not winch he said was mnst pbjnc ttonnl'le the provisions of tbe bill or tl temper in which its adoption i ml i n ur ed if the extraordinary powers with which the hill proposed lu clolhu the e scutive tu the uttor prostration nf the c â– istituti ei nnd the rights of the slides be oalculated to impress our minds with alarm at tho rapid progress of despotism in nirc u dry thu zenl with which every cn u natance cnlculatod tu misrepresent or exaggerate the conduct uf caroliua in the controversy waa seized nn with a view to excite hostility against iter but t plainly indicated th deep decay f t,i irotherly feeling which once existod b v â€¢ â€¢ i th se si i tes 1 id '" ivh 1 we are ind bi i for mr beautiful federal 8ystem it v is not lu intentinn ha said .,â€¢ advert t>:i;li : i"s nisrepreshulatiuns but there were __ im i so well oalculated to misload the i 1 1 us i > the r,-nl charaeter of iln c-i.-iti iversv i 1 1 hold up the stale in a li_*v - - â– h.us thai be did nol feel him self j-i-iiifi-i.1 in permitting bom to puss an-l -',,-â€¢ i nin other individual particularly in con nexinn with an event ao long since passed llu for ins linsty plodgo in would hnve lilllllit'.l silent iin tn ills nvn courso nil tins occasion ; and would have home with patience and calmness this with ilm ma nv nther misrepreeentatious with whioh he had in ao incessantly feasailed fur sn maul years the elinrge that lie wns the iintlinr of llio protective im.l nn iher fuuu diilioii 1,1 1 tb.it in ill eon ill 1 wilh tin ul mosl entire south gave lus support tu the tariff of 1810 ll is true that hoadvoca letl thut measure for which i.e might real ins defence without taking nnv olher mi ilie grouud lhal u wasa turifltur revenue and no lor prot lion ; winch he bud es lablished beyond the power of con roversy iiui ins speech un ihe occasion lmd been brought iu judgment against hun by the senator frum fe1u1sylv4.ua 11 bad smcu east llis ei.'s oer the speech and he would surprise he had no doubt tl.e sen ator by telling him thnt with ibe excep tion of tome 1 ie.iv nml unguarded expres sinus ili.n he retracted nothing he hud ut hired on that occasion he only asked thai lie might be judged in reference tu it iu thut spun f llu k-ss unu justice wbicb ivas due lo the occasion ; tak.ug lulo con \ 1 â€¢ i _{ tnein one of tho mnst promi tiem vis tl fi s statement that tlio b ict fs carolina wis to exempt herself from her share rf the public burthens wide she participated iu the advantages of t'i government if tho charge was tr i . â€” i thn sl tte was capable nf being ac luat - 1 hv uob low ii i unworthy mutives ui't'i'ir as he considered hor he would n t stand up n this hour nnd vindicate her conduct 4-noilg hur fiults and limits be w ii i not deny she hud no one hail ever y-t chnrge-l her with that low and most s.rhd nf vices â€” avarice â€” hur conduct on a 1 ' uccasiuns hnd been marked with the ve rv opposite qoalitv from the commence m-nt ofthe revolution â€” from its first lirea tivelv the powers then of tin govern case the judge could nnt avoid pronounc the average duties as fixed in the act in mont are divided between tbo general and mg in favor <>( ihe superior iigiiinst the in . luding the protected lho unprotected and the stui governments and the point im ferior it was frum ihis necessity and even the free articles mr c said be had mediately undc-r considerati in is whether this nlone that the power which is u,,w set enter i uu soma calculation in order tu u slate has hi.v right to judg us *.,. the ex up to overrule the rights 1 the statea a ascertain the average rate of duties in the tent o ita reserved powers and lo defend gainst an express provision of the consti act there waa some uncertainty in the them against the encroachments of he tutioh waa derived it bad no other ori data but he full assured that u waa nut g'.e'rai government without going gin timt he hud traced if to its true less than 30 per cent ad valorem ; l>,.w deeplv into this point at this stage ofthe source would bo manifest from lhe fact ing an excess ot the average dutiea above argument or loukiug into the nature nnd thut it was u power which sn far from be t tin t imposed ou ihe protected int.cleam.u origin of tne government tin re was ii tug conferred exclusively on the supreme merated of more than 10 per cent und simple view nf tne subject which be con < 'â– tirt ns was insisted belonged to every thus clearly establishing the character of sidered as conclusive the vo.y idea uf court â€” inferior und superior â€” state uud tbo measure that it wus lur reveuuo mid n divided power implied the right on the general â€” and ven tn i ireign courts not protection pint nfthe slate for which he contended bul lhe senator from li'-inwiire mr looking back even at thia distant peri the expression waa metaphorical when up clayb ..) relies oo the juurnala ofthe on od wiiu all our dxp irience no perceived plied ... power every one readily utitl-ir i-nt.-.u to prove that it was the iiil.-iitiun but iw errors in tl.e act ; tin une in re stands that the division nf matter consists of that body to cooler on the supreme i eronce to iron and the other tba minimum m the separation nf the parts hut in court tbe right of deciding in the last re duly ua coarse cottons aa to the former thia sense it wns in.t applicable to power sort between a slate and the general j v â– be conceived thai the bill as reported pro what then s u.eiii t by b division of pun ernment he would uot follow bim through j posed u duty relatively too low which was er he could nol conceive ofa division the journals a be did not deem mat to be still further reduced mils passage through without giving an equal right to each tn necossury to refute hie argument it was i congress the duty nt first was fixed judge of the extent fthe kiwer allotted to sufficient foi tin purpose to state that mr | ut seventy five cects lhe hundred weight ; each such right bo held to be essential rutledge reported ii resolution providiogl but iu the last stage of its passage it was to the existence of a divisiun ; nnd that to express that the united states and the reduced by a sort of caprice occasioned give to either party the conclusive right uf states might be parties before the supreme by uii unfortunate motion to forty ave cts judging nnt only ofthe share allotted to it court fthia proposition bad boenadon tins injustice was severely felt in pennsyl but of that allotted tn the other was lo ted he would ask the senator whether this vania ihe slate above ull others must annul the division and would enter the very controversy between the i states productive of iron j and waatjio principal whole power on the puny vested with and south carolina might rt have been i cause of that great reaction which bus such right but it ia contended that the brought before the court 1 ue would al 1 aince thrown her ao decidedly on tbe aide cunatilution has conferred on the suprero so ask him whether it culd be brought of the protective policy the other error ourt the right uf judging betw on the before the court as the constitution now i was that bs tp coarse cottons on which states and the general government stands if he anawara the former in the the duty was as much too high as that on those wh make this objection overlook affirmative nnd the latter in lhe negative i iron war loo low it iutru.luc.id ix-sidea ed he conceived an important provision aa he mnst then it is clear bis elaborate the obnoxious minimum principle which 1'the constitution hv turning to ihe argument to the contrary notwithstanding baa aince been ao mischievously extended 10th amended article nfthe constitution that the report of mr etutledge wns not in and to tbat extent hu wus constrained in n will be seen that lhe reservation of pow substance adopted as be contended ; and , candor to ackaowladge es he wished to ar to the statea is nol only againat tbe that the journals so for irom supporting i disguise mining the protective principle powera delegated lo congress but against are in direct opposition to the position waa recognised by the act of 18^0 il-.w the dnited states tbemaelves and extends which he attempta tq maintain be might thia was overlooked el tbe time it is not in of course as well to the judioiary esto lha push ihe argument much ferther aguiust bia power to aay it escaped hia observe other departments nf the government the power ul the court but he did not deem tion winch he can account i r only uu the the article providea that all powers not it necessary at least at this stage of the gmund thut the principle was then new dele mted tu the united statea r prulub lis.iussinu if tl.e views which iiml ulrea and that his attentiuu was engaged by uu ited by it to the states nre reserved to the dy been presented im correct nnd ho did other importuni subject ; the question ol states respee*ively r to tin people this nut see huw tbey cud i resisted lhe the currency tin n sn urgent und with presents the inquin what powers are del conclusion whs inevitable ihnt the reserv which as chairman ul the committee he 'â€¢ rated to the unite i statei ' they may j ad powers were reserved equally againat i w particularly charged vv tl these ox be claaaed under four divisions first every department of the government and i oeptiona ba again reueated he saw nut i thoae tbat are delegated bv the 8iatea to las stronglj against the judicial aa againat ing in tho bill to condemn kot,itwaaon aaoh other by virtue of which ibe const the other departments ; and of curse wero the ground that the member from lbe tul,un mav be altered urn ided by three lefl l-r the exclusive will of lhe states stale hud voted for the oil that the ut fourths ofthe states when withoulwhich j there still remained another roisrepre tempi u now made ... hold up carolina as n would have required the unanimas vote eeotation uf the conduct ofthe stale whicl responsible for the whole system of protec of all next me p.wers conferred on baa been made with the view oi exciting tmo which haa since followed though she congress then thu on tho president ; odium he alluded to the charge that has resisted ita progress in eve stage and finally those on tbe judicial depart south carolina supported the tariff was there ever greater injustice 1 and moot all oy which are particularly enu 1816 and waa therefore reaponaime for how waa it to he accounted lor but as for m-rated in the pasts nf the coostitutioo lhe protective system to determine the i u.ing u part of that systematic inisrepr which organizes the respective depart trull ul'.iiis charge 1 becomes necessary i aeuution and calumny which has been ments ti reservation of p rwera to he to asoertaln the real character uf thai law directed lor so many years without inter statea ia as he has said sgsinst the whole whether 1 was a tar.tffor revenue nr ibr ruptinii bgb.nst thai gallant and gone-riais and is as lull againat the judicial as it is protection which present the enquiry ut state and why has she thus bee assail t-nisi lhe exeenttve and is',.liv de w at was tie c lit â– >. i lie c ksi.lry at ed 1 merely because she abstained f,â€ž,i part-mem ... tn g vernm . ... i - ld i â€¢' i nod i hi - n-ar with foul taking anv pan .,, tne l*â€ž-uue...,al â„¢, nut be cluiuwd for the oiu v wit|Â»oul vj*<j Â«"Â«.) uu jnt tcrÂ«igilw wfcclfc f tli va i bslievuig mat ti m de^-tiiiratvd xo sideration the under which it wns delivered and benr.ug m mind that the subject was a tin-ill f.r revenue uud uni tin protection ; for roduoing uud uot raising ihu revenue l.ul bet re he ex plained the then condition uf the country from which ins ........ urgumeuls tu favor i tlio mensuru wero drawn it was nothing but uu uc ul justice tu himself thut lie sliuuld slate u act ill connexion wilh ins king out at 8 osinii till this hour nu state bai been more profuse of ita blood in the cans ofthe country nur bad any enn tribute sn largely to the common traaau iy iu pr-.pur.ion lu her wealth ur.d pnpu ial nn she bad in that proportion con tributed mora t-i tho rp-iris ofthe union tm the exchange of which with the rest of to w.rld the greater portion uf the pit ii burden bud been levied than tiny ot â€¢ no the controversy was dot such as hns been stule.1 ; tl.e state del no ik t . participate u the advanta ges i ihe government without contribu ti â– . ler full share to the public treasury her objeel was fir different a hep co is itutional question lay at the bottom of in â– mtrovaray the real question at issui s hea ||| ( . government a right to im i - bur lent on lhc capital and industry id ti portion of the country not with n view t . revenue hut to benefit another 1 an ie must be permitted to say thul after ti long and l,ep agitation nf tins con.ro vera ii wus wiih surprise that be per on 1 s strung ii disposition to tnisrepre buii its reiil character to correci the im iresston which those misrepreaenta lions were calculated to mini he would oa'.'ii un th point under consideration fur a i i momenta longer he federal govornment has by an ftxuress pruv.sion fthe constitution the r '- it to l-iy duties on imports the state has never lenied or resisted this right aor even thuught if so doing the iuv er i " i ii is however nol been content el iv > , tgercising this puwer as she had * right t . i bm had gune a step beyond u by laying imp , sis not for revenue but mr protection fbie the state considered s a i une institutional exereis f power " ' ' 'â– i i ion iiiil oppressive to her aud h other staple states ami bad accord *'-' a ui '. it wit'i the must determined re stance ho did nm intend ... enter a ihisti u mt i tha argument as to the uu *"" iniihty nt tn â€¢ prolectiv system *' *>â€¢ i it necessary ll is sufficient that th ' -â€¢ - ver is n wh.-r g r a it i i i iu i i lit fr n he j iiruiils fthe conv un ni which formed ths constitution it would seem at ' â– , , i been r fusei i iu support i - â€¢ .-. . lr â– t . i â€¢ â€¢ ii 01 aiuier ila_rt.li wiucu uau occu already speech ibal was neoeaaary in explain wlmt im bad culled hasty and unguarde expres sions his speech was an t.iiiir.'iiijilii ; uud is u ill he upologi tu the house he appears frum tin speech as printed tor ol io ig ins sentimeuls on the question with nut having duly relic-led 00 tlie subject ii was delivered bt the request of friend when he had nut previously il.e luual in tention o addressing ihu house he is i iu led lo samuel ll.lugh.in then anil now us lie wus proud tu say u personal uud po litical in ild â€” a in an ol i dents ai 1 integ rity â€” with a cleur bead unit linn and patriotic heart j thou among the lending members i tlie iinuse ; in ihu palmy btale ol bia political glury though now fur a mum mt depressed â€” depressed ltd he sav â€” u i ! it was lus iul winch was do pressed â€” pennsylvania which hud du set led bun under circumslauees which the cliuiucter of u penally tbun u tnv n thing is more common than tlm things closely resembling in appearance sli'-iuj iviil.-i uud essentially diflbr in iheir char acter arsenic tor ioslsnce reaembie dour yet oae ia deadly poison and the a iher timt which constitutes the staff of lite so dulies imposed whether for r venn protection may be called imposts . iiun.iniillv anil apparently tne si j j . t differ essentially in their real obsraclvi mr (.'. said he should now rem .< speech oo the tariff nf 1 9 b t del min whut bis opinions really whi subject of protection nt tin tune ii .. i proper to advert to his sei.tiumuu . hire uud after . lint peri ist fit eril proceeding laltt on ins subject art mat ter of record he came into congress n i81s-j a devoted friend and suppuriei uf lie i in-.i uduiinisln.lio.i ; yel one of hi instead i depretmqg ought to havo elova ted hun in bttf i'hiiiimihhi li ostiua o u.e suid dr v when silling al my dosh writi.i g.uud said thai the houae was lulling iiitu s-iiiiti confusion accompanying i with u remark that 1 knew h-.-i diflicull n was tu tally so targe u body v u mice broken uu a ial oiii us iia.i ue.-n experienced du ring the ale war hating u higher opiu i..u of my influence than ii deserved be requested me tu say something lu prevent the cuu.usiuii 1 replied sold mr ___>â€¢â– iii.ii 1 was ut u loss what lo say ; i.i.n 1 bud been busily engaged on the currency ai in li v in ie ii great coiilu-u.ui ind which us l uud staled hud been placed particularly under ui charge as the chair mun ol the committee on thai subject lie repented hia request anil the speech whicli lhe senator i n i'eiiusy kama has complimented so highly was mu result ilc mr (.'.; would ask whether the facts stu'.od ought uot in justice to ih borne ill mind l.y loose who would hold hun accountable not only for the general scope of tb speech but for every word uud sentence which it contained iiul aid dr c in asking una question it wus uui bis intention to repudiate the speech all bo eased was thai he might be judged by he rules which in justice li i i.ti.-d 10 the case lei il bo roc'lleu v_d ii|gi ihu bilj was Â« icv-yjou u.ii aud first efforts wa tt brave the a.lu.ini.'-i 7 lion by opposing its favorite measure ihu restrictive system embargo nou uii.-r euurse mid all â€” ami ti.it upon the princi ple of tree trade the system remained in tttsluuii lur a time ; l.ul niler be over inruw nf uouupur.o be lit c had re ported .. bill from the committee on for eign halations to repeal the whole ays icm of restrictive measures wiiil ihe bill was under consideration n worthy man then a ibm ber of be house mb mi-kim ol'llal.imore tu vctl to except th importation act which he suppor ted on the grouml of encouragem.nl te manufacture ho vir (.'.) resisted the mutl u uu tbo very rounds un which mr mckun supported it lie ms lined th.it lbe muiiufactui rs were tbe ecoiv mg too much protection und warned its friends thnt the withdrawal of the prutec lion which lho wnr mid tbe high dudes lien alluded would muss great . uil.u s.saokqi j and that tbe uue policy m .__**

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western dar&m wm â€¢ â€¢ th ziz^n i fr '"" hw n wl " ,|, . w y *Â«â– â€¢ l wÂ»l ii *â€¢ v i â€¢ .',.. s â€ž lance ofiii til.iv whioh in.l ,,,, â€žâ– Â«,,â€žâ€ž, in tuohear , ,,, the cittaen and which will ba evaded wilh little remon i lie us.iuin ot legislation is especially soon in ri.uu laws on conscience ,. . ., â€¢ ilr i limning \\\ iv t'x l'on craige salisbury rowan cot m '-: . \. < â€¢ r i \ and duty required sho hns i.i wilh n iiiinii-'s equal tolhe fierceness nf the iissiuli in ihe uu.lst of this altneli i had not escaped willi n view l in ilietnil a wound nn the state through him lie had been held up its tin author of the protect ive system ; and one of i's moal strenuous advocates it hus with pain that he alluded lo himself on sn deep nnd urnvon subject as that now nnder diseas ion ; nnd which ho sincorelv believed involved the liberty nt iho country lie now regretted that under tin sens ,,| in justice winch lho remarks nf t benatnr ftom pennaylvania ( mr ivii.kins t.'.l i',r tl.e niunieii he hnd hastily given lus pledge lo defend himself ngoiuai the oharge which lmd been mads u roferenee t-i lus uouraa in 1818 n..t that thorfl Â».. ill i in nnv ihlli nlli in repelling ill ahsrge bul i .',.,. si lie felt u deep ichie tance in turning tho discussion in anj da iee from ii subject uf s much mngni in.l in nn nf su luile importance ss the consistency nr inconsistency ol himself ur nf course lha it was aonstttul , e i i nut remind ibe satiate w l â– . - , . i,,s measure is constitutional timt nil argils nients enleiil.il.-il tu shuw its beiiffi.iid up mt i.i.i mny is legitimately pressed into service withoul inking into consideration whether ihe subject to which the argtu ments refer ih within lhe sphere nf the eoiisiiiiiiion r nut if fur instance a quoation were before ihe body t lay n dis t ii inliles and h motion be niiiile lo rn du e ihe duty r admit bibles dun free who eoul i doubt timt the argument in lit vnr of the motion iiml the in tense i . limits lull in nf the l.il.les would he in l.iv.ir of lho morality and religion nf tbo count rv would beatrietl proper or who would suppose iiml he whn bad adduced 1 hi.j committed hlmaelf on the oonsti.utionuli â– /â– /â€žâ€¢ western v irolimian is published on u meek ut two dollur per tin ',â– ""â– '/_"""' tetthin ihree montht r tiro ,,.,â€ž x tt'i'l./ij cents if paid m any oth â– rr u a iciiliin tin i"tr no paper will i iii.i-i iiiiiititii until nil arrearages urr ,,,,... ul tin i ithir's di.rri ttoii â€” \ . igcription iriii in received for a it-i Â«,,,,, ihan one year i nl lo notify thr l.dilor vboi.in v st ihr bv fi:r-hrr i f.r.in,^_/>mc_co lection of duties on imporlt llr aliiui n ios and oddrosbod the fi ne ii â€¢ knew not winch he said was mnst pbjnc ttonnl'le the provisions of tbe bill or tl temper in which its adoption i ml i n ur ed if the extraordinary powers with which the hill proposed lu clolhu the e scutive tu the uttor prostration nf the c â– istituti ei nnd the rights of the slides be oalculated to impress our minds with alarm at tho rapid progress of despotism in nirc u dry thu zenl with which every cn u natance cnlculatod tu misrepresent or exaggerate the conduct uf caroliua in the controversy waa seized nn with a view to excite hostility against iter but t plainly indicated th deep decay f t,i irotherly feeling which once existod b v â€¢ â€¢ i th se si i tes 1 id '" ivh 1 we are ind bi i for mr beautiful federal 8ystem it v is not lu intentinn ha said .,â€¢ advert t>:i;li : i"s nisrepreshulatiuns but there were __ im i so well oalculated to misload the i 1 1 us i > the r,-nl charaeter of iln c-i.-iti iversv i 1 1 hold up the stale in a li_*v - - â– h.us thai be did nol feel him self j-i-iiifi-i.1 in permitting bom to puss an-l -',,-â€¢ i nin other individual particularly in con nexinn with an event ao long since passed llu for ins linsty plodgo in would hnve lilllllit'.l silent iin tn ills nvn courso nil tins occasion ; and would have home with patience and calmness this with ilm ma nv nther misrepreeentatious with whioh he had in ao incessantly feasailed fur sn maul years the elinrge that lie wns the iintlinr of llio protective im.l nn iher fuuu diilioii 1,1 1 tb.it in ill eon ill 1 wilh tin ul mosl entire south gave lus support tu the tariff of 1810 ll is true that hoadvoca letl thut measure for which i.e might real ins defence without taking nnv olher mi ilie grouud lhal u wasa turifltur revenue and no lor prot lion ; winch he bud es lablished beyond the power of con roversy iiui ins speech un ihe occasion lmd been brought iu judgment against hun by the senator frum fe1u1sylv4.ua 11 bad smcu east llis ei.'s oer the speech and he would surprise he had no doubt tl.e sen ator by telling him thnt with ibe excep tion of tome 1 ie.iv nml unguarded expres sinus ili.n he retracted nothing he hud ut hired on that occasion he only asked thai lie might be judged in reference tu it iu thut spun f llu k-ss unu justice wbicb ivas due lo the occasion ; tak.ug lulo con \ 1 â€¢ i _{ tnein one of tho mnst promi tiem vis tl fi s statement that tlio b ict fs carolina wis to exempt herself from her share rf the public burthens wide she participated iu the advantages of t'i government if tho charge was tr i . â€” i thn sl tte was capable nf being ac luat - 1 hv uob low ii i unworthy mutives ui't'i'ir as he considered hor he would n t stand up n this hour nnd vindicate her conduct 4-noilg hur fiults and limits be w ii i not deny she hud no one hail ever y-t chnrge-l her with that low and most s.rhd nf vices â€” avarice â€” hur conduct on a 1 ' uccasiuns hnd been marked with the ve rv opposite qoalitv from the commence m-nt ofthe revolution â€” from its first lirea tivelv the powers then of tin govern case the judge could nnt avoid pronounc the average duties as fixed in the act in mont are divided between tbo general and mg in favor <>( ihe superior iigiiinst the in . luding the protected lho unprotected and the stui governments and the point im ferior it was frum ihis necessity and even the free articles mr c said be had mediately undc-r considerati in is whether this nlone that the power which is u,,w set enter i uu soma calculation in order tu u slate has hi.v right to judg us *.,. the ex up to overrule the rights 1 the statea a ascertain the average rate of duties in the tent o ita reserved powers and lo defend gainst an express provision of the consti act there waa some uncertainty in the them against the encroachments of he tutioh waa derived it bad no other ori data but he full assured that u waa nut g'.e'rai government without going gin timt he hud traced if to its true less than 30 per cent ad valorem ; l>,.w deeplv into this point at this stage ofthe source would bo manifest from lhe fact ing an excess ot the average dutiea above argument or loukiug into the nature nnd thut it was u power which sn far from be t tin t imposed ou ihe protected int.cleam.u origin of tne government tin re was ii tug conferred exclusively on the supreme merated of more than 10 per cent und simple view nf tne subject which be con < 'â– tirt ns was insisted belonged to every thus clearly establishing the character of sidered as conclusive the vo.y idea uf court â€” inferior und superior â€” state uud tbo measure that it wus lur reveuuo mid n divided power implied the right on the general â€” and ven tn i ireign courts not protection pint nfthe slate for which he contended bul lhe senator from li'-inwiire mr looking back even at thia distant peri the expression waa metaphorical when up clayb ..) relies oo the juurnala ofthe on od wiiu all our dxp irience no perceived plied ... power every one readily utitl-ir i-nt.-.u to prove that it was the iiil.-iitiun but iw errors in tl.e act ; tin une in re stands that the division nf matter consists of that body to cooler on the supreme i eronce to iron and the other tba minimum m the separation nf the parts hut in court tbe right of deciding in the last re duly ua coarse cottons aa to the former thia sense it wns in.t applicable to power sort between a slate and the general j v â– be conceived thai the bill as reported pro what then s u.eiii t by b division of pun ernment he would uot follow bim through j posed u duty relatively too low which was er he could nol conceive ofa division the journals a be did not deem mat to be still further reduced mils passage through without giving an equal right to each tn necossury to refute hie argument it was i congress the duty nt first was fixed judge of the extent fthe kiwer allotted to sufficient foi tin purpose to state that mr | ut seventy five cects lhe hundred weight ; each such right bo held to be essential rutledge reported ii resolution providiogl but iu the last stage of its passage it was to the existence of a divisiun ; nnd that to express that the united states and the reduced by a sort of caprice occasioned give to either party the conclusive right uf states might be parties before the supreme by uii unfortunate motion to forty ave cts judging nnt only ofthe share allotted to it court fthia proposition bad boenadon tins injustice was severely felt in pennsyl but of that allotted tn the other was lo ted he would ask the senator whether this vania ihe slate above ull others must annul the division and would enter the very controversy between the i states productive of iron j and waatjio principal whole power on the puny vested with and south carolina might rt have been i cause of that great reaction which bus such right but it ia contended that the brought before the court 1 ue would al 1 aince thrown her ao decidedly on tbe aide cunatilution has conferred on the suprero so ask him whether it culd be brought of the protective policy the other error ourt the right uf judging betw on the before the court as the constitution now i was that bs tp coarse cottons on which states and the general government stands if he anawara the former in the the duty was as much too high as that on those wh make this objection overlook affirmative nnd the latter in lhe negative i iron war loo low it iutru.luc.id ix-sidea ed he conceived an important provision aa he mnst then it is clear bis elaborate the obnoxious minimum principle which 1'the constitution hv turning to ihe argument to the contrary notwithstanding baa aince been ao mischievously extended 10th amended article nfthe constitution that the report of mr etutledge wns not in and to tbat extent hu wus constrained in n will be seen that lhe reservation of pow substance adopted as be contended ; and , candor to ackaowladge es he wished to ar to the statea is nol only againat tbe that the journals so for irom supporting i disguise mining the protective principle powera delegated lo congress but against are in direct opposition to the position waa recognised by the act of 18^0 il-.w the dnited states tbemaelves and extends which he attempta tq maintain be might thia was overlooked el tbe time it is not in of course as well to the judioiary esto lha push ihe argument much ferther aguiust bia power to aay it escaped hia observe other departments nf the government the power ul the court but he did not deem tion winch he can account i r only uu the the article providea that all powers not it necessary at least at this stage of the gmund thut the principle was then new dele mted tu the united statea r prulub lis.iussinu if tl.e views which iiml ulrea and that his attentiuu was engaged by uu ited by it to the states nre reserved to the dy been presented im correct nnd ho did other importuni subject ; the question ol states respee*ively r to tin people this nut see huw tbey cud i resisted lhe the currency tin n sn urgent und with presents the inquin what powers are del conclusion whs inevitable ihnt the reserv which as chairman ul the committee he 'â€¢ rated to the unite i statei ' they may j ad powers were reserved equally againat i w particularly charged vv tl these ox be claaaed under four divisions first every department of the government and i oeptiona ba again reueated he saw nut i thoae tbat are delegated bv the 8iatea to las stronglj against the judicial aa againat ing in tho bill to condemn kot,itwaaon aaoh other by virtue of which ibe const the other departments ; and of curse wero the ground that the member from lbe tul,un mav be altered urn ided by three lefl l-r the exclusive will of lhe states stale hud voted for the oil that the ut fourths ofthe states when withoulwhich j there still remained another roisrepre tempi u now made ... hold up carolina as n would have required the unanimas vote eeotation uf the conduct ofthe stale whicl responsible for the whole system of protec of all next me p.wers conferred on baa been made with the view oi exciting tmo which haa since followed though she congress then thu on tho president ; odium he alluded to the charge that has resisted ita progress in eve stage and finally those on tbe judicial depart south carolina supported the tariff was there ever greater injustice 1 and moot all oy which are particularly enu 1816 and waa therefore reaponaime for how waa it to he accounted lor but as for m-rated in the pasts nf the coostitutioo lhe protective system to determine the i u.ing u part of that systematic inisrepr which organizes the respective depart trull ul'.iiis charge 1 becomes necessary i aeuution and calumny which has been ments ti reservation of p rwera to he to asoertaln the real character uf thai law directed lor so many years without inter statea ia as he has said sgsinst the whole whether 1 was a tar.tffor revenue nr ibr ruptinii bgb.nst thai gallant and gone-riais and is as lull againat the judicial as it is protection which present the enquiry ut state and why has she thus bee assail t-nisi lhe exeenttve and is',.liv de w at was tie c lit â– >. i lie c ksi.lry at ed 1 merely because she abstained f,â€ž,i part-mem ... tn g vernm . ... i - ld i â€¢' i nod i hi - n-ar with foul taking anv pan .,, tne l*â€ž-uue...,al â„¢, nut be cluiuwd for the oiu v wit|Â»oul vj* , tgercising this puwer as she had * right t . i bm had gune a step beyond u by laying imp , sis not for revenue but mr protection fbie the state considered s a i une institutional exereis f power " ' ' 'â– i i ion iiiil oppressive to her aud h other staple states ami bad accord *'-' a ui '. it wit'i the must determined re stance ho did nm intend ... enter a ihisti u mt i tha argument as to the uu *"" iniihty nt tn â€¢ prolectiv system *' *>â€¢ i it necessary ll is sufficient that th ' -â€¢ - ver is n wh.-r g r a it i i i iu i i lit fr n he j iiruiils fthe conv un ni which formed ths constitution it would seem at ' â– , , i been r fusei i iu support i - â€¢ .-. . lr â– t . i â€¢ â€¢ ii 01 aiuier ila_rt.li wiucu uau occu already speech ibal was neoeaaary in explain wlmt im bad culled hasty and unguarde expres sions his speech was an t.iiiir.'iiijilii ; uud is u ill he upologi tu the house he appears frum tin speech as printed tor ol io ig ins sentimeuls on the question with nut having duly relic-led 00 tlie subject ii was delivered bt the request of friend when he had nut previously il.e luual in tention o addressing ihu house he is i iu led lo samuel ll.lugh.in then anil now us lie wus proud tu say u personal uud po litical in ild â€” a in an ol i dents ai 1 integ rity â€” with a cleur bead unit linn and patriotic heart j thou among the lending members i tlie iinuse ; in ihu palmy btale ol bia political glury though now fur a mum mt depressed â€” depressed ltd he sav â€” u i ! it was lus iul winch was do pressed â€” pennsylvania which hud du set led bun under circumslauees which the cliuiucter of u penally tbun u tnv n thing is more common than tlm things closely resembling in appearance sli'-iuj iviil.-i uud essentially diflbr in iheir char acter arsenic tor ioslsnce reaembie dour yet oae ia deadly poison and the a iher timt which constitutes the staff of lite so dulies imposed whether for r venn protection may be called imposts . iiun.iniillv anil apparently tne si j j . t differ essentially in their real obsraclvi mr (.'. said he should now rem .< speech oo the tariff nf 1 9 b t del min whut bis opinions really whi subject of protection nt tin tune ii .. i proper to advert to his sei.tiumuu . hire uud after . lint peri ist fit eril proceeding laltt on ins subject art mat ter of record he came into congress n i81s-j a devoted friend and suppuriei uf lie i in-.i uduiinisln.lio.i ; yel one of hi instead i depretmqg ought to havo elova ted hun in bttf i'hiiiimihhi li ostiua o u.e suid dr v when silling al my dosh writi.i g.uud said thai the houae was lulling iiitu s-iiiiti confusion accompanying i with u remark that 1 knew h-.-i diflicull n was tu tally so targe u body v u mice broken uu a ial oiii us iia.i ue.-n experienced du ring the ale war hating u higher opiu i..u of my influence than ii deserved be requested me tu say something lu prevent the cuu.usiuii 1 replied sold mr ___>â€¢â– iii.ii 1 was ut u loss what lo say ; i.i.n 1 bud been busily engaged on the currency ai in li v in ie ii great coiilu-u.ui ind which us l uud staled hud been placed particularly under ui charge as the chair mun ol the committee on thai subject lie repented hia request anil the speech whicli lhe senator i n i'eiiusy kama has complimented so highly was mu result ilc mr (.'.; would ask whether the facts stu'.od ought uot in justice to ih borne ill mind l.y loose who would hold hun accountable not only for the general scope of tb speech but for every word uud sentence which it contained iiul aid dr c in asking una question it wus uui bis intention to repudiate the speech all bo eased was thai he might be judged by he rules which in justice li i i.ti.-d 10 the case lei il bo roc'lleu v_d ii|gi ihu bilj was Â« icv-yjou u.ii aud first efforts wa tt brave the a.lu.ini.'-i 7 lion by opposing its favorite measure ihu restrictive system embargo nou uii.-r euurse mid all â€” ami ti.it upon the princi ple of tree trade the system remained in tttsluuii lur a time ; l.ul niler be over inruw nf uouupur.o be lit c had re ported .. bill from the committee on for eign halations to repeal the whole ays icm of restrictive measures wiiil ihe bill was under consideration n worthy man then a ibm ber of be house mb mi-kim ol'llal.imore tu vctl to except th importation act which he suppor ted on the grouml of encouragem.nl te manufacture ho vir (.'.) resisted the mutl u uu tbo very rounds un which mr mckun supported it lie ms lined th.it lbe muiiufactui rs were tbe ecoiv mg too much protection und warned its friends thnt the withdrawal of the prutec lion which lho wnr mid tbe high dudes lien alluded would muss great . uil.u s.saokqi j and that tbe uue policy m .__**