You’ll get to explore parts of an underwater world that few tourists see and all your time and effort will go towards preserving our marine environments for the next generation.

But whether it’s your first time diving or you’re a seasoned pro, there are a few essential things you need to keep in mind.

From how you interact with marine life to mastering your equipment and keeping our oceans clean, here’s how you can protect marine wildlife on your next dive.

Look but don’t touch

Don’t touch, hold or ride any marine life you see. Fish and other aquatic creatures are covered in slimy mucus that helps to protect them from infections and deter predators. By touching them, you will destroy their coating and put the creature at risk.

The same applies to coral reefs. An accidental kick can destroy 50–100 years of growth, because corals only grow two centimetres or less every year.

Don’t chase or get too close to animals

The last thing you want to do while scuba diving is change an animal’s natural behaviour. Not only will it stop you from observing the creatures in their natural habitat, but abnormal behaviour can throw off the balance of the ecosystem.

Animals can become stressed or feel trapped if there are a lot of divers in the water. It’s a problem the Philippines are experiencing with their whale shark populations.

Due to so many tour boats taking tourists out to swim with the sharks, the animals have become agitated, and it’s caused changes in their behaviour and migration.

Don’t feed the fish

It’s tempting to bring treats for fish to lure them closer to you on a dive. While your intentions might come from a good place, they have severe consequences for the ecosystem.

Once fish start associating humans with food, they stop performing natural tasks like finding their own meals or cleaning algae off coral reefs.

Human food is also not meant for fish. By giving them pieces of bread or other treats that aren’t found in their natural habitat, you can negatively affect their health.

Work on your buoyancy control

When you first start diving, mastering buoyancy is one of the most challenging skills to learn. But it’s an essential one to get right, as bumping into the reef can cause damage that takes years to repair.

If you haven’t dived in a while or you’re still new to the activity, don’t feel embarrassed to ask your diving instructor to spend extra time with you working on your buoyancy control.

The sooner you perfect your technique, the more you can protect marine life, and you’ll be able to attempt more challenging dives like shipwrecks and caves.

Master all your equipment

Did you know that kicking up sediment can harm coral reefs? It can block out the sunlight it needs to survive.

When you’re out on a dive, keep your size in mind. You’re a lot larger with your tank and fins on, and you’re more likely to cause damage. Always make sure your gauge and regulator are tucked away so they can’t drag across the reef.

It’s also a good idea to avoid the bottom. You might stand on stingrays or disturb other creatures that live on the ocean floor.

For underwater photographers, you need to practice buoyancy with all your gear. If you’re not used to the extra weight, it can affect the control you have when avoiding corals or result in you going up too soon.

Use reef safe sunscreen

Next time you travel to a tropical destination, pick up a bottle of reef safe sunscreen from Amazon or your local pharmacy. Normal brands have chemicals that accelerate coral reef bleaching and are toxic to marine life.

Before you buy the product, always read the label to make sure it’s free from harmful ingredients. The main one you want to avoid is Oxybenzone, aka BP-3 or Benzophenone-3.

This is a chemical that blocks the sun’s harmful UV rays from reaching your skin and is found in most sunscreens. Other ingredients you want to avoid are Retinyl palmitate, and parabens like Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben, and Isobutylparaben.

A good mineral based sunscreen will use titanium oxide and zinc oxide to filter the UV rays.

Clean up the ocean

If you notice any rubbish or debris while you dive, remove it and bring it back to the surface with you.

You can also report any debris with the free Project AWARE Dive Against Debris app. It helps scientists and conservationists see where the biggest problem areas are.

Choose a responsible dive operator

One of the easiest ways to support companies that practice responsible tourism is by doing your research. Don’t book with the first dive operator you come across.

Take your time and grill them on their diving practices. Do they follow the international standard for interacting with whale sharks? Do they allow touching or flash photography?

If yes, take your business elsewhere, and let them know why.

Volunteer on marine conservation projects

If you want to do more to protect marine life, sign up for a marine conservation project. You can travel to remote destinations like Fiji or Seychelles and work alongside local organisations to collect valuable data on the health of barrier reefs and marine life populations.

For the last 20 years, GVI has been running marine conservation projects around the world. Our volunteers have collected data for government agencies and organised marine conservation workshops for local communities.

Even if you have no diving experience, you can get various PADI certifications while volunteering. We also have marine conservation internships that will help you become a PADI Divemaster with job placement.