France recently banned the use of the words "meat" and "dairy" on vegan and vegetarian food labels, while farm lobby groups in the United States are calling for cell-grown and plant-based replicas to be labelled as such.

Cattle Council CEO Margo Andrae says they do not want to see a repeat of the battle over the terms "milk" and "dairy".

Cattle Council CEO Margo Andrae says they do not want to see a repeat of the battle over the terms "milk" and "dairy".

Supplied: Cattle Council of Australia

Cattle Council of Australia chief executive, Margo Andrae, said her organisation did not want to see a repeat of the dairy industry's battle over the term "milk" and "dairy" and was considering its own defensive options.

"Calling it meat is a lovely reach for them [cultured meat companies], but I think it should be called what it is, which is lab-grown protein," she said.

The definition of meat

Mrs Andrae said she would like to see meat legally defined as coming from the flesh of a slaughtered animal, and that existing definitions of meat in Australia may need to be bolstered.

There are various regulations in Australia that define meat. However, they could be open to interpretation and reviews if — or when — cell-based agriculture becomes a commercial possibility.

Australia's food safety regulator, Food Standards Australia New Zealand, says in its food standards code that meat needs to come from "the whole or part of the carcass of [cattle]".

It also says meat must not come from and does not include "foetuses or the parts of foetuses".

Given most lab-grown meats are currently made using Foetal Bovine Serum — a product made from the blood of an unborn calf that has been extracted before its birth — lab meat could encounter barriers under this code.

The Meat Industry Act bans the sale and disposal of meat for human consumption unless it is from a consumable animal slaughtered and processed at a meat processing facility licensed for that purpose.

"We believe there will need to be some changes, and while a lot of people would think these terms are protected, the reality is we have to make sure they are," Mrs Andrae said.

"So we would like to see that [meat is legally defined as coming from the flesh of an animal], but we need to do our homework because there are so many unknowns."

Meat labelling a hot issue in US, France

The Cattle Council's view is in line with the strategy taken by the United States Cattlemen's Association (USCA).

The USCA is lobbying America's Department of Agriculture to define meat as coming from the flesh of an animal, slaughtered using traditional methods.

The Cellular Agriculture Society's founder and chief executive, Kristopher Gasteratos, said if cattle lobby groups worldwide continued to push for legislative protection of the definition of meat, it could stifle the emerging industry.

"If they are successful it could have an impact on the growth of the industry, but I'm not sure what the logical basis for that lobbying is," he said.

"It might be the exact same product that is being produced but just in a different way, so I'm not so sure how reasonable that is.

"It is important that people are aware that clean meat is the same as meat, and not labelled as a mock meat, because when we look at the molecular level and the biology of it, it would be the same."

Matt Ball is from the Good Food Institute in America, which works with clean meat companies and promotes the technology.

He agreed lab-grown meats should be called meat.

"If you have animal cells and the correct tissue formation, it is just meat at the cellular level. There's really no difference between it coming out of a clean facility or coming out of a [live] animal," he said.

Investors back lab-grown meat

One of America's largest beef producers, Tyson Foods, invested in Memphis Meats earlier this year, following the lead of global agricultural conglomerate Cargill Inc, which invested in the company in 2017.

Mr Ball said he was confident clean meat was going to be the next big advancement in the technological production of meat.

Mr Gasteratos said the wave of investments by traditional red meat processors, as well as billionaires, was a positive sign for the emerging sector.

"They see it as the future and they know that our system of animal agriculture is one that is ripe for innovation," he said.

Mr Ball likens clean meat to how the automobile replaced horse and buggies, and foresees a time when livestock farms are a rare sight.

"I do think that it's likely that clean meat is going to eventually replace the vast majority of meat production in the world, because it's going to be able to be done in a more efficient way and it's going to become more cost effective," he said.

"So it's entirely possible that there will be a market for special products [meat from animals raised on farms], but I doubt that in 100 years that we're going to have anything like the cattle industry as we know it today."

Future of farmed meat

Professor of Meat Science at the University of Melbourne, Robyn Warner, argues there will be a place for lab and farmed meat.