Correspondence toMarcel C Adriaanse Section of Prevention and Public Health, Department of Health Sciences and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Faculty
of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; marcel.adriaanse{at}falw.vu.nl

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that requires continuing medical care, education and diligent patient self-management.
Tight blood glucose control is essential in preventing acute and long-term complications, as demonstrated by the landmark
diabetes control and complications trials.12 Yet many patient have persistently poor glycaemic control – that is, high HbA1c levels. This is mainly a result of difficulties coping with the daily demands of diabetes self-care. …