Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa (Mongolian language: Шаарийбуугийн Алтантуяа; sometimes also Altantuya Shaariibuu; 6 May 1978 – 18 October 2006), a Mongolian national, was a murder victim who was either murdered by C-4 explosives or was somehow killed first and her remains destroyed with C-4 on 18 October 2006 in a deserted area in Shah Alam, Malaysia near Kuala Lumpur. Her murder case is significant in contemporary Malaysian politics due to the alleged involvement of persons close to Prime Minister Najib Abdul Razak.

The Shah Alam High Court meted out the death sentence to two of the accused on 9 April 2009, wrapping up the 159-day trial.

Altantuyaa moved back to Mongolia in 1990 and a few years later, married a Mongolian techno singer, Maadai. They had a child in 1996 but the marriage ended in divorce and the child went to live with Altantuyaa's parents. Despite training as a teacher, Altantuyaa briefly moved to France where she attended modelling school before returning to Mongolia.

Altantuyaa remarried and had another child in 2003 but the second marriage also ended in divorce. The second child also lives with Altantuyaa's parents.[2] Her mother said she has never been a model.[3] According to Mr. Shaariibu Setev, the deceased was also known among family members and friends as "Amina", was unmarried but lived in Mongolia with her two children. She worked as a translator and often travelled out of Mongolia to countries like China, Singapore, and Malaysia. She went to Malaysia a couple of times: the first in 1995 and the second in early 2006.[4]

It was alleged that she was introduced by Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister, Najib Abdul Razak, to Abdul Razak Baginda, a defence analyst from the Malaysian Strategic Research Centre think-tank, at an international diamond convention in Hong Kong, and had a relationship with him while accompanying Abdul Razak to Paris to work as a translator during his negotiations to purchase submarines from France for the Malaysian government.[5][6] The Hong Kong website Asian Sentinel revealed in a series of photographs that Altantuya was in France during which time the two quickly became romantically involved.[7][8] She reportedly became his mistress in Paris in 2005. However, it must be noted that Raja Petra Kamaruddin, the Malaysia Today editor, was the one who connected Najib Abdul Razak with the Altantuya murders.[9]Najib Abdul Razak denied all allegation as there were no concrete proof about him knowing Altantuya.[10] Raja Petra retracted his allegation of the involvement of Najib Abdul Razak and Rosmah Mansor after the case were brought to court.[11] Afraid of being prosecuted by the Malaysian courts for giving a false statement, Raja Petra fled to England, and left his wife and children behind.[12] In addition, a former aide to Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim - Muhamad Rahimi Osman claims that Sirul's family was enticed to make a false statement that Najib was involved in Altantuya's murder.[13]

According to reports by the French newspaper Liberation, Altantuya found out that one of the parties involved in negotiations, Spanish company Armaris, paid out commissions of 114 million euros for the deal (reportedly one billion euros or RM4.7 billion for the purchase of three submarines). The commission was credited in the accounts of a company controlled by Abdul Razak, Perimekar. A letter written by Altantuya and found after her death admits that she had been blackmailing Mr. Baginda, seeking a $US500,000 cut to remain silent about her knowledge of the deal.[14] SUARAM secretariat, Cynthia Gabriel's commented that the Paris Courts have "extended its investigations with circumstances that led to Altantuya's death.[15] However the French Courts are not investigating the murder of Altantuya as its focus is on the alleged corruption conducted by DCNS with regards to the sale of the Scorpene submarines,[16] but would deliberate on the murder in the course of the inquiry.[17] On 25 June 2012, a French police investigation revealed that there were no immigration records of an “Altantuya Shaariibuu” entering France from 1999 to 2006.[18][19] The same report noted instead the entry of a SHAARIYBUU Bayasgalan, who bore similarities to, but was not conclusively identified as Altantuyaa, as well as pointed out that Najib's entourage might have entered France through diplomatic channels as there was evidence of his presence but no corresponding immigration record.[20] During the trial into Altantuya's death, Baginda told investigators that he had travelled with her to France in 2005. Records seized by French investigators from DCN's former financial chief described Altantuya as Baginda's translator.[21] On the other hand, Rosana Weili, the Director of Perimekar claims that the negotiations were conducted in English as the French negotiators spoke English. Rosana also had "no knowledge of anyone by the name of Altantuya" in the negotiation team.[22]

An article from The Star reported that when the deal was signed on 5 June 2002 between the Malaysian government and the submarine manufacturers, Abdul Razak Baginda had not met Altantuya as they only met two years after the agreement was signed.[23]

When it was realised she was missing on 19 October 2006, her cousin lodged a police report and sought help from the Mongolian embassy in Bangkok. The Malaysian police found fragments of bone, later verified as hers, in forested land near the Subang Dam in Puncak Alam, Shah Alam. Police investigation of her remains revealed that she was shot twice before C-4 explosives were used on her remains, although there has been later suggestion that the C-4 explosives may have killed her. When her remains were found their identity could only be confirmed with a DNA test. The provenance of the C-4 remains unclear.[24]

Members of the police force were arrested during the murder investigation. The two murder suspects have been named as Chief Inspector Azilah Hadri, 30 and Corporal Sirul Azhar Umar, 35. They had been members of the elite Unit Tindakan Khas (the Malaysian Police Special Action Force or counter-terrorism unit) and were both assigned to the office of the Prime Minister Najib Razak, albeit as bodyguards, who was also the Defence Minister at the time of the murder. Abdul Razak has been charged with abetting the murder.[25]

According to court testimony by Altantuya's cousin Burmaa Oyunchimeg, Altantuya had shown Burmaa a photograph of 3 persons taking a meal together: Altantuyaa, Razak Baginda, and a government official. When questioned by the lawyer of the victim's family, Karpal Singh, Burmaa identified the official as then Deputy Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak.[26][27]

On 22 July 2008 Karpal Singh, who also holds a watching brief for the victim's family, filed a notice of motion to call 4 new witnesses, including Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, to testify in the trial, as well as sought to recall the first prosecution witness in the trial, private detective P. Balasubramaniam, for further examination.[28] According to Karpal, Najib's testimony would be able to introduce fresh evidence to the case, and his requests were justifiable as per Section 425 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) which allows a court to "summon or recall any person as a witness in a trial", as well as "summon or recall any such person if his evidence appears to the court to be essential to the just decision of the case."[29] On 23 July 2008 the petition notice was rejected by the High Court. High Court judge Mohd Zaki stated that "only the parties involved, namely the prosecution and the defense" had a right to submit the petition.[30][31]

On 31 October 2008, the High Court acquitted Abdul Razak Baginda of abetment in the murder of Altantuya, with the prosecution saying they would appeal the acquittal.[32][33] To date, the appeal has yet to transpire.[34]

Chief Inspector Azilah Hadri and Corporal Sirul Azhar Umar were ordered to enter their defence and testify under oath. On 10 November 2008 it was announced that the murder trial has been postponed to January 2009 to allow the defence more time to prepare and gather witnesses. The witnesses sought included Malaysia Today editor Raja Petra Kamarudin and private investigator P. Balasubramaniam, who was unlocatable at that time.[35]

The request by the defence counsel for Sirul Azhar and Azilah to get statements from all prosecution witnesses was rejected with the reason given that "witness statements recorded under Section 112 of the Criminal Procedure Code is privileged". This would have included the witness statement of Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak's former aide-de-camp DSP Musa Safri, which would have been used to rebut Abdul Razak's affidavit.[36]

On 3 February 2009, Sirul Azhar pleaded with the court to not pass the death sentence on him, as he was like "a black sheep that has to be sacrificed" to protect unnamed people who have never been brought to court or faced questioning. "I have no reason to cause hurt, what's more to take the life of the victim in such a cruel manner... I appeal to the court, which has the powers to determine if I live or die, not to sentence me so as to fulfil others' plans for me."[37]

On 9 April 2009, High Court Judge Zaki Yasin ruled that Sirul Azhar's and Azilah's statements were "unbelievable" as both of the accused only blamed each other.[38] Both policemen were sentenced to death for the murder of Altantuya. Wrapping up the 159-day trial, Zaki said both of them failed to raise any reasonable doubt in the prosecution's case.[39] However, their lawyers planned to file an appeal. Both policemen showed no emotion when they heard that they were sentenced to be hanged until dead. Their family members accept the court's decision and denied any political elements in the verdict.[40] The two policemen appealed their sentence in late August.[41] The Court of Appeal has fixed a date for their appellate hearing for 10 June 2013.[42][43][44]

Shariibuu Setev's lawyers have applied for a review the Attorney-General's decision not to appeal Abdul Razak Baginda’s acquittal in the murder of Shariibuu’s daughter Altantuya.[45] The application was set to be heard at a High Court on 8 July 2009.[46] Dr. Shariibuu later withdrew the application but said he would still proceed with the claim against Abdul Razak, Azilah, Sirul Azhar and Government of Malaysia for damages over Altantuya's death.[47]

Sirul and Azilah were acquitted on 23 August 2013 by the Court of Appeal.[48] Several reasons were given for the acquittal such as the failure of the prosecution to provide a strong motive for the two men to murder the victim and the failure to call for the cross-examination of Najib's aide Musa Safri and Najib Abdul Razak.[49][50][51] The acquittals have drawn the derision from many Malaysian, including Altantuyaa's father.[52][53][54]

The prosecution immediately made an appeal to the Federal Court over the acquittal of the Azhar and Sirul which was heard on 23 June, 2014.[55] The Federal Court on 13 January, 2015 overturned the acquittal of both individuals, finding them both guilty of murder and sentenced both of them to death.[56][57] It was later discovered that Sirul did not show up during the appeal hearing and was believed to be in Australia.[58][59][60] The Inspector-General of Police Tan Sri Khalid Abu Bakar has made an extradition request to Australia calling for Sirul, but faces difficulty due to Australia's policy of not extraditing individuals to countries which have the death penalty.[61][62][63] Sirul was detained by Australian immigration authorities in Brisbane, Queensland on 20 January, 2015 after Interpol red notice was issued for his arrest.[64][65][66]

In a statutory declaration in his sedition trial in June 2008, Raja Petra said that he was "reliably informed" that Datin Seri Rosmah Mansor (the wife of Malaysia's Deputy Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Abdul Razak) was one of three individuals who were present at the crime scene when Altantuya Shaariibuu was murdered on 19 October 2006.[67] He wrote that Najib’s wife, Rosmah Mansor, and Acting Colonel Abdul Aziz Buyong and his wife, Norhayati, Rosmah’s aide-de-camp, were present at the scene of the murder and that Abdul Aziz Buyong was the individual who placed C4 plastic explosive on Altantuya’s body and blew it up.[68] Dr Shaariibuu Setev, the father of Altantuya Shaariibuu, has asked the police to conduct a thorough investigation into an allegation by Raja Petra saying the police should look seriously into the allegations as it might provide them with fresh evidence in their case.[69]

In retaliation, the two people named in Raja Petra’s statutory declaration on 18 June 2008, Lt-Col Abdul Aziz Buyong and his wife Lt-Col Norhayati Hassan, as having been present at the murder scene of Mongolian Altantuya Shaariibuu are suing Raja Petra for defamation. Abdul Aziz is seeking an apology from Raja Petra to be published in certain websites and newspapers, the removal of the statutory declaration from his blog and damages of RM1 million.[70] Raja Petra’s counsel, J. Chandra, later insinuated that the article titled ‘Let’s send the Altantuya murderers to hell’ on 25 April under Raja Petra’s byline was posted without his consent or knowledge.[71]

Raja Petra appeared to have distanced himself from the statutory declaration in a television interview with TV3, saying its accusations linking Najib Abdul Razak and Rosmah to the murder were repeating information passed onto him by opposition figures, rather than information he knew to be true himself.[72] He appears to have stated that he did not genuinely believe that Rosmah was at the murder scene.[73] The Malaysian Civil Liberties Movement alleged that the interview had been heavily edited and spin doctored in favour of Prime Minister Najib Razak just in time for the upcoming Sarawak state elections.[74][75] Raja Petra also denied that that he did not believe Rosmah was at the scene saying that the interview was "chopped up".[76] He also later clarified and pointed out that he had always been consistent in relation to the statutory declaration, saying that he had never directly accused Rosmah of being at the scene of the murder, merely repeating what was told to him.[77][78]

A second statutory declaration was filed on 1 July 2008 by Abdul Razak Baginda's private investigator P Balasubramaniam, disclosing then deputy Prime Minister Najib's links and Altantuya. Bala said the police omitted information about the relationship between Najib and Altantuya during their investigation.[79] In the statutory declaration Abdul Razak had told Balasubramaniam that the deputy prime minister had a sexual relationship with Altantuya and that the trio had dined together in Paris. Detailed conversations in a statutory declaration revealed which Abdul Razak was in effect inherited Altantuya as a lover from Najib, who passed her on because he didn’t want to be harassed as deputy prime minister. Among other lurid details, Balasubramaniam described text messages between Najib and Abdul Razak in which the latter was asking for help to avoid arrest,[80] implying Najib personally interfered with the murder investigation.[81] In making his statutory declaration, Balasubramaniam mentioned that a man in a blue Proton Saga happened to be driving pass the home of defence analyst Abdul Razak Baginda at that time of the day before Altantuya was reported missing on 19 October 2006 and revealed that the man was Nasir Safar, the special advisor to Najib Abdul Razak.

It has been claimed that Balasubramaniam's allegation on the involvement of Najib Abdul Razak on the murders of Altantuya could have political motivations, as the press conference for the allegation was made at the national PKR Headquarters.[82]

The following day Balasubramaniam made a retraction of the statutory declaration he made on 1 July 2008 in a second statutory declaration and its replacement with one that erased all traces of allegations with references to Deputy Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak and Altantuya Shaariibuu's murder. There were accusations that this new statutory declaration could have been due to intimidation or inducement, and was done not on his own free will. Bala's first lawyer Americk Singh Sidhu said he was not able to get in touch with Bala despite repeated phone calls to Bala's cell phone[83] The Malaysian police said on Sunday 6 July that they have asked Interpol to help find the private investigator who has been reported missing since making explosive claims linking the deputy premier to a murder. Bala's nephew has filed a missing person's report, saying the investigator and his family had disappeared.[84] It was discovered on 10 July that Balasubramaniam's house in Taman Pelangi here has been broken into but police have yet to ascertain whether anything was stolen.[85] Balasubramaniam is said to have taken refuge in a neighbouring country with his wife and children.[85]

It is assumed that Bala was running away because he either received death threats or a massive bribe from Najib.[4]

After his reappearance Bala claimed that he signed the second statutory declaration without even reading it, claiming he was threatened.[86] Bala was also quoted that a member of Najib’s family, which was revealed to be Najib's younger brother Nazim Abdul Razak teaming up with Deepak Jaikishan, a businessman with connections to the Najib Abdul Razak's family, made Bala withdraw his first statutory declaration[87][88][89] and offered him RM5 million to do so, but that his first declaration was true.[90] Balasubramaniam has declined to meet the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission in Singapore to give his testimony about allegations surrounding the murder of Altantuya Shaariibuu as he has made his personal security a prerequisite for his testimonyThe MACC also wanted to classify all correspondences between Balasubramaniam and their organisation as ‘secrets’ under the Official Secrets Act, which according to Bala's lawyer there was a disagreement to this demand.[91]

Bala has continued to reiterate that the first statutory declaration he signed was the truth.[92][93] Bala has been actively campaigning for the Malaysian opposition giving talks on Najib and Rosmah's alleged role in the death of Altantuyaa [94] before his eventually death by heart attack on 15 March 2013.[95][96]

Malaysian Indian businessman Deepak Jaikishan in the later part of 2012 held several press conferences regarding his role in the retraction of Balasubramaniam's first statutory declaration and the supposed coercion in making Bala signed the second declaration. He also made damning accusations against Prime Minister Najib Tun Abdul Razak and his wife Rosmah Mansor, implying they were the ones giving instructions and had prior knowledge of coverup of the first statutory declaration.[97][98] He further revealed that it was the Prime Minister's brother Nazim Abdul Razak who paid off Balasubramaniam.[99] In a biography launched on 19 March 2013, Rosmah Mansor denied any involvement with the murder of Altantuya, stating that she was attending a special session with the Islamic Orphans Welfare Association on the day in question, and describing the accusations against her as "slander".[100]

Deepak has also made claims denying that he is not currently being sponsored by the Malaysian opposition Pakatan Rakyat or its leader Anwar Ibrahim,[101] despite claims by certain parties that he is.[102] Deepak has expressed regret in being involved in the Altantuya affair.[103] Anwar has continually denied that he is behind the recent exposes by Deepak.[104] The revelations come at the same time when Deepak is being involved in a lawsuit against the government and governing party UMNO in a land deal case.[105] He also said that the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission(MACC) is more interested in ignoring this matter rather than starting an investigation.[106]

He made further references to the lawyer duo who were involved in the drafting the second statutory declaration, implying they came from the law firm of Zul Rafique & Partners of Kuala Lumpur.[107] It was later inferred to the Malaysian Bar Council by several parties, including activist Haris Ibrahim [108] and Robert Phang[109] that the lawyer duo was Tan Sri Cecil Abraham and his son. The Bar Council has promised to begin investigations into the drafting of the second statutory declaration.[110] Bala's lawyer Americk Sidhu revealed in an Bar Council investigation hearings that Cecil Abraham confirmed to him that he was the one who drafted Bala's second statutory declaration under instructions from Najib himself.[111][112][113] A professional misconduct complaint will be lodged against Cecil Abraham by the Bar Council,[114] whereby under the Legal Profession Act he could be reprimanded, fined and suspended from practice for up to five years.[115]

Sirul Azhar, the former police commando who was convicted for the murder of Altantuyaa, revealed during his detention in Australia that he was under orders to kill Altantuyaa and that the real murderers were still free.[116][117] He also mentioned that Najib's aide-de camp Musa Safri and his superior should have been made to testify during the murder trial.[118] Sirul's claims have been immediately rubbished by Najib[119][120] and Inspector General of Police Khalid.[121] The opposition has asked Najib to explain why he was asserting that Sirul's claims were "total rubbish".[122][123][124]

A lawyer for Chief Inspector Azilah Hadri says the type of explosives used in the murder of Mongolian national Altantuya Shaariibuu is not in the stock of federal police headquarters Bukit Aman. “Azilah's log record from Bukit Aman shows that he was only issued with a Glock pistol and magazines. Hence, there is a question as to how this type of explosive was allegedly used," said lawyer Hazman Ahmad.[125] In addition, both Sirul and Azilah are not trained to handle explosives and bombs such as the C4.[126]