I ask only once a year: please help the Internet Archive today. Most can’t afford to give, but we hope you can. The average donation is $45. If everyone chips in $5, we can end this fundraiser today. Right now, a generous supporter will match your donation 2-to-1, so you can triple your impact. All we need is the price of a paperback book to sustain a library you can trust. We have only 150 staff but run one of the world’s top websites. We’re dedicated to reader privacy so we never track you. We never accept ads. But we still need to pay for servers and staff. For 22 years, my dream has been to build the library of everything and make it available to everyone. To make information more reliable and permanent. I know we could charge money, but then we couldn’t achieve our mission: a free library for the whole internet. The Internet Archive is a bargain, but we need your help. If you find our site useful, please chip in. Thank you.
—Brewster Kahle, Founder, Internet Archive

I ask only once a year: please help the Internet Archive today. The average donation is $45. If everyone chips in $5, we can end this fundraiser today. Right now, your donation will be matched, doubling your impact! All we need is the price of a paperback book to sustain a library the whole world trusts. We’re dedicated to reader privacy so we never track you. We never accept ads. But we still need to pay for servers and staff. For 22 years, my dream has been to build the library of everything and make it available to everyone. I know we could charge money, but then we couldn’t achieve our mission. The Internet Archive is a bargain, but we need your help. If you find our site useful, please chip in. Thank you.
—Brewster Kahle, Founder, Internet Archive

I ask only once a year: please help the Internet Archive today. The average donation is $45. If everyone chips in $5, we can end this fundraiser today. Right now, your donation will be matched, doubling your impact! All we need is the price of a paperback book to sustain a library the whole world trusts. We’re dedicated to reader privacy so we never track you. We never accept ads. But we still need to pay for servers and staff. For 22 years, my dream has been to build the library of everything and make it available to everyone. I know we could charge money, but then we couldn’t achieve our mission. The Internet Archive is a bargain, but we need your help. If you find our site useful, please chip in. Thank you.
—Brewster Kahle, Founder, Internet Archive

I ask only once a year: please help the Internet Archive today. The average donation is $45. If everyone chips in $5, we can end this fundraiser today. Right now, your donation will be matched 2-to-1, tripling your impact! All we need is the price of a paperback book to sustain a library the whole world trusts. We have only 150 staff but run one of the world’s top websites. We’re dedicated to reader privacy. We never accept ads. But we still need to pay for servers and staff. The Internet Archive is a bargain, but we need your help. If you find our site useful, please chip in.
—Brewster Kahle, Founder, Internet Archive

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In the Kennedy Space Center's Orbiter Processing Facility-1 in Florida, workers prepared space shuttle Atlantis to move from its hangar to the transfer aisle inside the nearby Vehicle Assembly Building. Subsequently, the shuttle was rolled to the launch pad in anticipation of its Nov. 12, 2009, launch on the STS-129 mission to the International Space Station. Image Credit: NASA/Jack Pfaller Topics: What -- Space Shuttle Orbiter, What -- Atlantis, What -- STS-129, What -- International Space... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1495.html

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The Hubble Space Telescope revealed this majestic disk of stars and dust lanes in this view of the spiral galaxy NGC 2841. A bright cusp of starlight marks the galaxy's center. Spiraling outward are dust lanes that are silhouetted against the population of whitish middle-aged stars. Much younger blue stars trace the spiral arms. Notably missing are pinkish emission nebulae indicative of new star birth. It is likely that the radiation and supersonic winds from fiery, super-hot, young blue stars... Topics: What -- Hubble Space Telescope (HST), What -- TRACE, What -- Ursa Major, What -- Visible Light,... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/517541main_p1106ay_full.jpg

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In the grasp of the International Space Station's Canadarm2 robotic arm, the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module is placed back in Discovery's payload bay. STS-128 pilot Kevin Ford and astronaut Jose Hernandez were at the controls of the robotic arm in the Destiny laboratory. They grappled Leonardo and removed it from the Harmony node and placed it inside the shuttle's payload bay for the return home. Image Credit: NASA Topics: What -- GRASP, What -- International Space Station (ISS), What -- STS-128, What -- Destiny Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1464.html

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At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, work platforms are moved into position around space shuttle Endeavour in Orbiter Processing Facility-2, following its touchdown at the completion of the STS-130 mission to the International Space Station on Feb. 21. Processing now begins for Endeavour's next flight, STS-134. The six-member STS-134 crew will deliver the Express Logistics Carrier 3 and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer to the International Space Station, as well as a variety of spare parts... Topics: What -- Space Shuttle Endeavour, What -- STS-130, What -- International Space Station (ISS), What... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1600.html

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Nearly 30 years ago this week, a new era in space flight began, when on April 12, 1981 the first shuttle mission was launched. STS-1 commander John Young... Topics: NASA Image of the Day, Who -- John Young, What -- STS-1 Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1328.html

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NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit recorded this forward view of its arm and surroundings during the rover's 2,052nd Martian day, or sol, on Oct. 11, 2009. Bright soil in the left half of the image is loose, fluffy material churned by the rover's left-front wheel as Spirit, driving backwards, approached its current position in April 2009 and the wheel broke through a darker, crusty surface. Spirit used its front hazard-avoidance camera to take this image. The turret of tools at the end of the... Topics: What -- Mars Exploration Rover (MER), What -- Spirit, What -- Hazard-Avoidance Camera, What --... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1498.html

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Technicians were performing pre-launch testing of the Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA9) on Launch Pad 14 at Cape Canaveral when this photo was taken on May 14, 1963. A day later on May 15, Gordon Cooper successfully piloted this his 'Faith 7' spacecraft for more than 34 hours and 22 orbits. Cooper's flight stretched the capabilities of the Mercury capsule to the limits. His 34-hour flight lasted more than three times the longest U.S. human space flight until that time, and far exceeded the initial design... Topics: Who -- Gordon Cooper, What -- Mercury Atlas 9, What -- Atlas, What -- Mercury Source: http://w ww.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1326.html

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Astronaut John Glenn inspects artwork that will be painted on the outside of his Mercury spacecraft, which he nicknamed Friendship 7. On Feb. 20, 1962, Glenn lifted off into space aboard his Mercury Atlas (MA-6) rocket to become the first American to orbit the Earth. After orbiting the Earth 3 times, Friendship 7 landed in the Atlantic Ocean, just East of Grand Turk Island in the Bahamas. Glenn and his capsule were recovered by the Navy Destroyer Noa, 21 minutes after splashdown. Image Credit:... Topics: Who -- John H. Glenn, What -- Mercury, What -- Atlas, What -- Earth, Where -- Atlantic Ocean, Where... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1596.html

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Astronaut Alan Shepard is hurled into space atop a Mercury-Redstone rocket. Freedom 7 was the first American manned suborbital space flight, making Shepard the first American in space He later commanded the Apollo 14 mission, and was the fifth person to walk on the moon. Image Credit: NASA Topics: Who -- Alan B. Shepard, Jr., What -- Mercury, What -- Apollo 14, What -- Moon Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1203.html

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The Crab Nebula, the result of a supernova noted by Earth-bound chroniclers in 1054 A.D., is filled with mysterious filaments that are are not only tremendously complex, but appear to have less mass than expelled in the original supernova and a higher speed than expected from a free explosion. The Crab Nebula spans about 10 light-years. In the nebula's very center lies a pulsar: a neutron star as massive as the Sun but with only the size of a small town. The Crab Pulsar rotates about 30 times... Topics: What -- Earth, What -- Sun Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1604.html

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The STS-125 crew aboard space shuttle Atlantis captured this still image of the Hubble Space Telescope as the two spacecraft begin their relative separation... Topics: NASA Image of the Day, What -- STS-125, What -- Space Shuttle Orbiter, What -- Atlantis, What --... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1369.html

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Expedition 20 flight engineer Nicole Stott participates in the STS-128 mission's first spacewalk as construction and maintenance continue on the International Space Station. During the six-hour, 35-minute spacewalk, Stott and astronaut Danny Olivas (out of frame) removed an empty ammonia tank from the station's truss and temporarily stowed it on the station's robotic arm. Olivas and Stott also retrieved the European Technology Exposure Facility and Materials International Space Station... Topics: What -- STS-128, What -- International Space Station (ISS), Where -- Columbus Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_Feature_1461.html

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An exhaust cloud billowed around Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida as space shuttle Discovery lifted off to begin the STS-131 mission. The seven-member crew will deliver the multi-purpose logistics module Leonardo, filled with supplies, a new crew sleeping quarters and science racks that will be transferred to the International Space Station's laboratories. The crew also will switch out a gyroscope on the station's truss, install a spare ammonia storage tank and retrieve... Topics: What -- Space Shuttle Orbiter, What â STS-131, What -- International Space Station (ISS),... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1632.html

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The 51st entry in Charles Messier's famous catalog is perhaps the original spiral nebula--a large galaxy with a well defined spiral structure also cataloged as NGC 5194. Over 60,000 light-years across, M51's spiral arms and dust lanes clearly sweep in front of its companion galaxy, NGC 5195. Image data from the Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys was reprocessed to produce this alternative portrait of the well-known interacting galaxy pair. The processing sharpened details and enhanced color... Topics: What -- Advanced Camera for Surveys, What -- Canes Venatici, Where -- NGC 5194, Where -- NGC 5195,... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1577.html

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Pictured is astronaut Walter M. Schirra, one of the original seven astronauts for Mercury Project selected by NASA on April 27, 1959. Schirra's Mercury-Atlas 8 mission, during which he piloted his Sigma 7 spacecraft, was the third manned orbital flight by the United States. Image credit: NASA Topics: What -- Mercury Atlas 8, What -- Atlas, Where -- United States of America Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_818.html

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Suspended in space and backdropped by the blackness of space and the jewel-like blue of Earth sits the International Space Station. This image of the station was taken as STS-119 performed a fly around after undocking. Image Credit: NASA Topics: Parting View, What -- Earth, What -- International Space Station (ISS), What -- STS-119 Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1314.html

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Expedition 22 flight engineer Oleg Kotov used a digital still camera to take this self-portrait during a January 2010 spacewalk. Also visible in the reflections of his visor are various components of the station and the Earth below. During the spacewalk, Kotov and cosmonaut Maxim Suraev (out of frame) prepared the Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2), known as Poisk, for future Russian vehicle dockings. Suraev and Expedition 22 commander Jeffrey Williams were the first to use the new docking port when... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1571.html

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The bright sun greets the International Space Station in this Nov. 22 image, taken from the Russian section of the orbital outpost and photographed by the STS-129 crew. The 11-day STS-129 mission installed a number of station upgrades and prepared the station for the installation of Node 3, which is slated for another mission. Image Credit: NASA Topics: What -- Sun, What -- International Space Station (ISS), What -- STS-129 Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1527.html

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On Nov. 3, 1973, the Mariner Venus/Mercury 1973 spacecraft, also known as Mariner 10, was launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center, becoming the first spacecraft designed to use gravity assist. Three months after launch it flew by Venus, changed speed and trajectory, then crossed Mercury's orbit in March 1974. This photo identifies the spacecraft's science instruments, which were used to study the atmospheric, surface and physical characteristics of Venus and Mercury. This was the sixth in the... Topics: What -- Mariner 10, What -- Venus, What -- Mercury, What -- Mariner, Where -- Kennedy Space Center... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1483.html

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Billows of smoke and steam rise above Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida alongside space shuttle Discovery as it races toward space on the STS-128 mission. The STS-128 mission is the 30th International Space Station assembly flight and the 128th space shuttle flight. The 13-day mission will deliver more than 7 tons of supplies, science racks and equipment, as well as additional environmental hardware to sustain six crew members on the International Space Station. The... Topics: What -- Space Shuttle Orbiter, What -- Discovery, What -- STS-128, What -- International Space... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1458.html

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The waters of Cape Canaveral captured the reflection of space shuttle Discovery as it lifted off on the STS-119 mission from Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The STS-119 mission is the 28th to the International Space Station and the 125th space shuttle flight. Discovery will deliver the final pair of power-generating solar array wings and the S6 truss segment. Image Credit: NASA/Tony Gray, Tom Farrar Topics: Beauty Is the Night, What -- Space Shuttle Orbiter, What -- Discovery, What -- STS-119, What --... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1305.html

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Space shuttle Atlantis is seen on Launch Pad 39a of the NASA Kennedy Space Center shortly after the rotating service structure was rolled back, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2009, Cape Canaveral, FL. Atlantis is scheduled to launch at 2:28p.m. EST on the STS-129 mission to the International Space Station on Monday, Nov. 16, 2009. Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls Topics: What -- Space Shuttle Orbiter, What -- Atlantis, What -- STS-129, What -- International Space... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1516.html

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This image of NGC 6240 contains new X-ray data from Chandra (shown in red, orange, and yellow) that has been combined with an optical image from the Hubble Space Telescope originally released in 2008. In 2002, Chandra data led to the discovery of two merging black holes, which are a mere 3,000 light years apart. They are seen as the bright point-like sources in the middle of the image. Scientists think these black holes are in such close proximity because they are in the midst of spiraling... Topics: What -- Hubble Space Telescope (HST), What -- Discovery, Where -- NGC 6240 Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1487.html

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On Jan. 7, 1610, Galileo Galilei's improvements to the telescope enabled humanity to see Jupiter's four largest moons for the first time. Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto--the so-called Galilean satellites--were seen by the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager on the New Horizons spacecraft during its flyby of Jupiter in late February 2007. The images have been scaled to represent the true relative sizes of the four moons and are arranged in their order from Jupiter. Io is notable for its active... Topics: What -- Galileo, What -- Io, What -- Europa, What -- Ganymede, What -- Callisto, What -- Long Range... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1560.html

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During its mission, the Galileo spacecraft returned a number of images of Earth's only natural satellite. Galileo surveyed the moon on Dec. 7, 1992, on its way to explore the Jupiter system in 1995-1997. This color mosaic was assembled from 18 images taken by Galileo's imaging system through a green filter. On the upperleft is the dark, lava-filled Mare Imbrium, Mare Serenitatis (middle left), Mare Tranquillitatis (lower left), and Mare Crisium, the dark circular feature toward the bottom of... Topics: What -- Galileo, What -- Moon, What -- Jupiter Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1538.html

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On April 1-2, the Hubble Space Telescope photographed the winning target in the Space Telescope Science Institute's 'You Decide' competition in celebration of the International Year of Astronomy (IYA). The winner is a group of galaxies called Arp 274. The striking object received 67,021 votes out of the nearly 140,000 votes cast for the six candidate targets. Arp 274, also known as NGC 5679, is a system of three galaxies that appear to be partially overlapping in the image, although they may be... Topics: Galaxy Triplet ARP 274, What -- Hubble Space Telescope (HST), What -- Earth, What -- Constellation,... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1322.html

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The Apollo 16 crew captured this Earthrise with a handheld Hasselblad camera during the second revolution of the moon. Identifiable craters seen on the moon include Saha, Wyld and Saenger. Much of the terrain seen here is never visible from the Earth, as the command module was passing onto what is known as the 'dark side' of the moon. Apollo 16 launched on April 16, 1972 and landed on the moon on April 20. The mission was commanded by John Young; Thomas K. Mattingly II was the command module... Topics: Earthrise, Who -- John Young, What -- Apollo 16, What -- Moon Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1335.html

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Like early explorers mapping the continents of our globe, astronomers are busy charting the spiral structure of our galaxy, the Milky Way. Using infrared images from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, scientists have discovered that the Milky Way's elegant spiral structure is dominated by just two arms wrapping off the ends of a central bar of stars. Previously, our galaxy was thought to possess four major arms. This artist's concept illustrates the new view of the Milky Way, along with other... Topics: What -- Spitzer Space Telescope, What -- Scutum, What -- Centaurus, What -- Perseus, What -- Norma,... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1455.html

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With its suite of science instruments, Juno will investigate the existence of a solid planetary core, map Jupiter's intense magnetic field, measure the amount of water and ammonia in the deep atmosphere, and observe the planet's auroras. Junoâs principal goal is to understand the origin and evolution of Jupiter. Underneath its dense cloud cover, Jupiter safeguards secrets to the fundamental processes and conditions that governed our solar system during its formation. As our primary example of... Topic: What -- Jupiter Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1568.html

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The thin line of Earth's atmosphere and the setting sun are featured in this image photographed by the crew of the International Space Station while space shuttle Atlantis on the STS-129 mission was docked with the station. Image Credit: NASA Topics: What -- Sun, What -- International Space Station (ISS), What -- Space Shuttle Orbiter, What --... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1529.html

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Solar panels on the Hubble Space Telescope make for unique window shades in this scene photographed from the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle... Topics: NASA Image of the Day (Large), What -- Hubble Space Telescope (HST), What -- Space Shuttle Orbiter,... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1363.html

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Although the Earth Observatory typically reserves ''Image of the Day'' space for publishing data and images acquired by Earth-observing satellites, we are sometimes so enthralled by the spectacular images acquired by spacecraft observing other parts of the solar system that we want to share these 'otherworldy' views with our visitors. And if you are looking for remotely sensed images of the Earth, this view is the most remotely sensed image we have ever published! This beautiful image of Saturn... Topics: What -- Earth, What -- Saturn, What -- Cassini, What -- Sun, What -- Huygens Probe Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=7314

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At 10:48 p.m. local time on January 31, 1958, the Explorer 1 satellite launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, after launches scheduled the previous two days had been scrubbed due to high-altitude winds. A joint project between the U.S. Army and the California Institute of Technology/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA was not yet established), the launch was a significant achievement for the United States. The previous fall, the Soviet Union had launched two Sputnik satellites, the second one... Topics: What -- Explorer 1, What -- FAST, What -- Earth, Where -- Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Where --... Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=8446

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Nearly 30 years ago this week, a new era in space flight began, when on April 12, 1981 the first shuttle mission was launched. STS-1 commander John Young had already flown in space four times, including a walk on the moon in 1972. Bob Crippen, the pilot, was a Navy test pilot who would go on to command three future shuttle missions. Image Credit: NASA Topics: STS-1 Launches, Who -- John Young, What -- STS-1, What -- Moon Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1328.html

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Astronaut Robert L. Behnken used a digital camera to take this self-protrait during a spacewalk. Also visible in the visor's reflections are components of the station, the docked space shuttle Endeavour and a blue and white portion of Earth. During the nearly 7-hour spacewalk, Behnken and astronaut Rick Linnehan, installed a spare-parts platform and tool-handling assembly for the Special Purpose Dextrous Manipulator also known as Dextre. Among other tasks, they also and calibrated Dextre's end... Topics: Portrait, Who -- Robert L. Behnken, What -- Space Shuttle Orbiter, What -- Endeavour, What --... Source: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1048.html

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Yuri Gagarin was born on March 9, 1934 in a town outside of Moscow, Russia. After graduating from secondary school in 1949, Gagarin went to several technical schools before joining the Orenburg Higher Air Force School in 1955. He began his cosmonaut training in 1960, along with 19 other candidates. On April 12, 1961 at 9:06 am Gagarin lifted off in the Vostok 1 spacecraft and after a 108-minute flight of extended microgravity, he parachuted safely to the ground in the Saratov region of the... Topics: Soviet People-Cosmonauts, Who -- Yuri Gagarin, What -- Vostok 1, What -- Earth, What -- Soyuz 1,... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2002-000152.html

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Astronaut John W. Young, commander of the Apollo 16 lunar landing mission, jumps up from the lunar surface as he salutes the U.S. Flag at the Descartes landing site during the first Apollo 16 extravehicular activity (EVA-1). Astronaut Charles M. Duke Jr., lunar module pilot, took this picture. The Lunar Module (LM) "Orion" is on the left. The Lunar Roving Vehicle is parked beside the LM. The object behind Young in the shade of the LM is the Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph. Stone... Topics: Lunar Module, Apollo 16, EVAs-Moonwalk, What -- Apollo 16 Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001131.html

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Apollo 16 Commander, John Young, center; and Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke, foreground, inspect the Lunar Roving Vehicle they will use for transportation on the Moon during a Deployment Test in the Manned Spacecraft Operations Building at the Kennedy Space Center. The Rover is stored in the Ascent Stage of the Lunar Module for the trip to the Lunar surface. This inspection came during a review of Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments at the Spaceport. Launch is set for March 17. Topics: Astronauts, Apollo 17, Who -- John Young, Who -- Charles Duke, What -- Apollo 16, What -- Moon,... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001858.html

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NASA hired Barbara S. Askins, a chemist at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, in 1975 to find a better way to develop astronomical and geological pictures. In 1978, the Association for Advancement of Inventions and Innovations named her the National Inventor of the Year for her invention of a process that restored detail to underexposed negatives that would otherwise be useless. In 1978, Barbara Askins patented a method of enhancing the pictures using radioactive... Topics: Women, Where -- Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Where -- Alabama Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2004-00022.html

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Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, Apollo ll mission commander, at the modular equipment storage assembly (MESA) of the Lunar Module "Eagle" on the historic first extravehicular activity (EVA) on the lunar surface. Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. took the photograph with a Hasselblad 70mm camera. Most photos from the Apollo 11 mission show Buzz Aldrin. This is one of only a few that show Neil Armstrong (some of these are blurry). Topics: Apollo 11, EVAs-Moonwalk, Who -- Neil A. Armstrong, Who -- Buzz Aldrin, What -- Apollo 11, What --... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001209.html

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This NASA Hubble Space Telescope (HST) image reveals a pair of one-half light-year long interstellar "twisters," eerie funnels and twisted-rope structures in the heart of the Lagoon Nebula (Messier 8) which lies 5,000 light-years away in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius. The central hot star, O Herschel 36 (lower right), is the primary source of the ionizing radiation for the brightest region in the nebula, called the Hourglass. Analogous to the spectacular phenomena of... Topics: Deep Space Studies, Hubble, What -- Hubble Space Telescope (HST), What -- Constellation, What --... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001371.html

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The Sputnik 1 (PS-1) satellite is shown here on a rigging truck in the assembly shop in the fall of 1957 as a technician puts finishing touches on it. When the development of the first advanced scientific satellite, Object D, proved to be more difficult than expected, the Soviets decided to launch a simpler, smaller satellite. PS-1, or Sputnik 1, began development in November 1956. The pressurized sphere made of aluminum alloy had five primary scientific objectives: 1. Test the method of... Topics: Earth Science, Soviet-Spacecraft, What -- Sputnik 1, What -- Earth, Where -- United States of... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2002-000166.html

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Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot of the Gemini 12 spacecraft performs extravehicular activity (EVA) during the second day of the four day mission in space. Aldrin is positioned next to the Agena work station. Topics: EVAs-Spacewalk, Gemini-Program, What -- Gemini 12, What -- Agena Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001420.html

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NASAs first six women astronauts pose with a mockup of a personal rescue enclosure (PRE) or "rescue ball" in the crew systems laboratory at the Johnson Space Center. The PRE was created as a possible means of transporting astronauts from one Shuttle to another in case of an emergency. The PRE only reached the prototype stage and never flew on any missions. The group includes mission specialists, from left to right, Margaret R. (Rhea) Seddon, Kathryn D. Sullivan, Judith A. Resnick,... Topics: Astronauts, Space Shuttle, Women, What -- Rhea, Where -- Johnson Space Center (JSC) Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2002-000207.html

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This eerie, dark structure, resembling an imaginary sea serpent's head, is a column of cool molecular hydrogen gas (two atoms of hydrogen in each molecule) and dust that is an incubator for new stars. The stars are embedded inside finger-like protrusions extending from the top of the nebula. Each "fingertip" is somewhat larger than our own solar system. The pillar is slowly eroding away by the ultraviolet light from nearby hot stars, a process called "photoevaporation." As... Topics: Deep Space Studies, Hubble, What -- Constellation, What -- Serpens, What -- Hubble Space Telescope... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001947.html

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This view of the rising Earth greeted the Apollo 8 astronauts as they came from behind the Moon after the lunar orbit insertion burn. The photo is displayed here in its original orientation, though it is more commonly viewed with the lunar surface at the bottom of the photo. Earth is about five degrees left of the horizon in the photo. The unnamed surface features on the left are near the eastern limb of the Moon as viewed from Earth. The lunar horizon is approximately 780 kilometers from the... Topics: Astronauts, Earth Science, Apollo 8, What -- Earth, What -- Apollo 8, What -- Moon Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2001-000009.html

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Astronaut Edward H. White II, pilot for the Gemini-Titan 4 space flight, floats in space during America?s first spacewalk. The extravehicular activity (EVA) was performed during the Gemini 4 mission on June 3, 1965. White spent 23 minutes maneuvering around his spacecraft as Jim McDivitt remained inside the spacecraft. White is attached to the spacecraft by a 25-ft. umbilical line and a 23-ft. tether line, both wrapped in gold tape to form one cord. In his right hand, White carries a Hand-Held... Topics: Astronauts, Gemini Program, EVAs-Spacewalks, What -- Gemini 4, What -- Titan, What -- Sun, What --... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2006-000025.html

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Voyager 2 was launched August 20, 1977, sixteen days before Voyager 1 aboard a Titan-Centaur rocket. Their different flight trajectories caused Voyager 2 to arrive at Jupiter four months later than Voyager 1, thus explaining their numbering. The initial mission plan for Voyager 2 specified visits only to Jupiter and Saturn. The plan was augmented in 1981 to include a visit to Uranus, and again in 1985 to include a flyby of Neptune. After completing the tour of the outer planets in 1989, the... Topics: Rocket Launches, Voyager-Galileo, What -- Voyager 1, What -- Titan, What -- Centaur, What --... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2003-000002.html

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These three stills are from the external movie camera on the Soviet Voskhod 2, which recorded Aleksey Leonov's historic spacewalk on March 18, 1965. Leonov's EVA made him the first human to ever walk in space, giving the Soviet Union yet another space first. Publication information: Image from the files of Asif Siddiqi. Image and caption from Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945- 1974 (NASA SP-2000-4408) by Asif A. Siddiqi. Please note that the image number assigned to... Topics: EVAs-Spacewalk, Soviet People-Cosmonauts, What -- Voskhod 2 Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2002-000176.html

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This montage of images taken by the Voyager spacecraft of the planets and four of Jupiter's moons is set against a false-color Rosette Nebula with Earth's moon in the foreground. Studying and mapping Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and many of their moons, Voyager provided scientists with better images and data than they had ever had before or expected from the program. Although launched sixteen days after Voyager 2, Voyager 1's trajectory was a faster path, arriving at Jupiter in March 1979.... Topics: Planetary Astronomy, Voyager-Galileo, What -- Voyager 1, What -- Moon, What -- Jupiter, What --... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2003-000006.html

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The first African-American woman in space, Dr. Mae C. Jemison was born on October 17, 1956 in Decatur, Alabama but considers Chicago, Illinois her hometown. She received a Bachelor in Chemical Engineering (and completed the requirements for a Bachelor in African and Afro-American studies) at Stanford University in 1977. Dr. Jemison also received a Doctorate degree in medicine from Cornell University in 1981. After medical school she did post graduate medical training at the Los Angeles County... Topics: Astronauts, Women, What -- STS-47, What -- Earth, Where -- Alabama, Where -- Chicago, Where --... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2004-00020.html

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This is an image of a small portion of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, which marks the edge of a bubble-like, expanding blast wave from a colossal stellar explosion, occurring about 15,000 years ago. The HST image shows the structure behind the shock waves, allowing astronomers for the first time to directly compare the actual structure of the shock with theoretical model calculations. Besides supernova remnants, these shock models are important in understanding a wide range of astrophysical... Topics: Deep Space Studies, Hubble, What -- Cygnus, What -- Hubble Space Telescope (HST), What -- Advanced... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-000992.html

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This picture of the Earth and Moon in a single frame, the first of its kind ever taken by a spacecraft, was recorded September 18, 1977, but NASAs Voyager 1 when it was 7.25 million miles (11.66 million kilometers) from Earth. The moon is at the top of the picture and beyond the Earth as viewed by Voyager. In the picture are eastern Asia, the western Pacific Ocean and part of the Arctic. Voyager 1 was directly above Mt. Everest (on the night side of the planet at 25 degrees north latitude) when... Topics: Planet-Earth, Earth Science, Earths Moon, Planetary Astronomy, Voyager-Galileo, What -- Earth, What... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2002-000202.html

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Astronaut John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot, is lifted aboard a helicopter in a Billy Pugh helicopter rescue net while astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., commander, awaits his turn. Astronaut Fred W. Haise, Jr., lunar module pilot, is already aboard the helicopter. In the life raft with Lovell, and in the water are several U.S. Navy underwater demolition team swimmers, who assisted in the recovery operations. The crew was taken to the U.S.S. Iwo Jima, prime recovery ship, several minutes... Topics: Astronauts, Spacecraft Landings, Apollo Spacecraft, Apollo 13, What -- Apollo 13 Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2002-000052.html

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An Atlas vehicle is shown as it is raised into its launch gantry. This Atlas attempted to launch a Mercury spacecraft (without any astronauts aboard) into orbital flight. The launch vehicle developed 360,000 pounds of thrust and burned RP-1, a kerosene-like fuel, and liquid oxygen. It was about 60 feet in length and 10 feet in diameter at the tank section. This was the first attempt by NASA to put a Mercury spacecraft into Earth orbit. Unfortunately, this Atlas exploded at launch. Atlas was... Topics: Atlas, What -- Atlas, What -- Mercury, What -- Earth, What -- SCORE, What -- Centaur, What --... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2003-00039.html

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This image, drawn in 1970, is an artist's rendering of the Pioneer 10 spacecraft trajectory, with the planets labeled and a list of the instruments that were intended to be flown. Before the use of computer animation, artists were hired by JPL and NASA to depict a spacecraft in flight, for use as a visual aid to promote the project during development. Pioneer 10 was managed by NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California. The Pioneer F spacecraft, as it was known before launch, was... Topics: Space Probes, What -- Pioneer 10, What -- Deep Space Network, What -- Mars, What -- Jupiter, What... Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2003-00066.html

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A giant photo map of the contiguous 48 states of the United States, the first ever assembled from satellite images, completed for NASA by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service Cartographic Division. The map is 10 by 16 feet, is composed of 595 cloud-free black-and-white images returned from NASA's first Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1). The images were all taken at the same altitude (912 kilometers: 560 miles) and the same lighting angle. The images were... Topics: Earth Science, What -- Earth, Where -- United States of America Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2003-00031.html

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A vantage point from far above yields a dramatic view of an orbiter being demated from its stack inside the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB). The approximately 171,000 pound (77,566 kilogram) Orbiter is being hoisted by crane up and away from the 184 foot (56 meter) tall external tank/solid rocket booster stack. The vehicle will be tilted to fit through an opening 190 feet (58 meters) above the ground, then lowered to the VAB transfer aisle and installed atop the orbiter transporter. This... Topics: Space Shuttle, What -- Atlantis, What -- STS-79 Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-000782.html

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This oblique view featuring International Astronomical Union (IAU) Crater 302 on the Moon surface was photographed by the Apollo 10 astronauts in May of 1969. Note the terraced walls of the crater and central cone. Center point coordinates are located at 162 degrees, 2 minutes east longitude and 10 degrees, 1 minute south latitude. One of the Apollo 10 astronauts aimed a handheld 70mm camera at the surface from lunar orbit for a series of pictures in this area.favoritefavoritefavorite ( 1 reviews ) Topics: Earths Moon, Apollo 10, What -- Crater, What -- Moon, What -- Apollo 10 Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001487.html

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This oblique view of the Moon's surface was photographed by the Apollo 10 astronauts in May of 1969. Center point coordinates are located at 16 degrees, 2 minutes east longitude and 0 degrees, 3 minutes north latitude. One of the Apollo 10 astronauts attached a 250mm lens and aimed a handheld 70mm camera at the surface from lunar orbit for a series of pictures in this area. Topics: Earths Moon, Apollo 10, What -- Apollo 10 Source: http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001485.html

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STS98-E-5320 (16 February 2001) --- The International Space Station (ISS) backdropped against the blackness of space following undocking. The photo was taken with a digital still camera. Topic: What -- International Space Station (ISS) Source: http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/station/assembly/html/s98e5320.html