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Assessment. 1. All physical injuries observed on a child such as bruises, are a cause for concern and should result in a child protection referral being made. True False. Correct Answer is 2 – False.

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The fact is that children do sustain accidental injuries and these are not always a cause for concern. The likelihood of injury will depend on the age of the child. For example, when children start walking independently they are much more likely to get the odd bruise and scrape. Concerns should be raised when injuries are unexplained or the child appears to be at greater risk due to a lack of appropriate supervision. If you have any concerns over what you see or are told, you should discuss this with the designated safe guarder as soon as possible.

According to research by OFCO in 2009, 30% of children 12 or under have received no advice regarding staying safe online. For 13-16year olds, that figure falls to 11%, which still means that many young people are at risk.

The abuse of children is not acceptable in any culture. There is no cultural group that has more child abuse, but some cultural activities may be abusive. It’s important to recognise that groups and individuals within groups may have very different views on how children should be treated, but abuse is abuse wherever it occurs and whoever the abuser is.

There is no one type of person who commits child abuse. It’s important to recognise that most abuse is perpetrated by an individual who is known to the child, but that abuse by strangers does occur. Likewise, don’t forget that children themselves may abuse other children.

Very young children are highly dependent and physically very vulnerable. Babies are more likely to die a violent death than any other group in society, regardless of location class or ethnicity. In fact, murder rates for people under one year old are 4 times higher than that for adults.

It can be very distressing if a child tells you about abuse and it is important to stay calm and be reassuring, without making promises that you can’t keep. It is likely that the child has told you for a reason, so don’t discourage them from talking. Remember, though, that it is not your job to investigate the issue. Don’t press them for information, but let them talk. However, make sure that they realise that you will have to do something about any allegation. You need to report the incident immediately, but you shouldn’t tell anyone who doesn’t need to know, and that may include the parents.

Children who are seeking asylum usually have the status of a looked after child, but the definition is broader than this. A looked after child is under some form of legal order, such as a care order or an emergency protection order. This does not mean that they will necessarily live in a care home. They may live with a family member, in foster care or with their parents at home. Likewise, they may not be a looked after child as the result of poor parenting. A parent, for example, may be ill.

Everyone should be sensitive to the signs of abuse, but recognise that they can be difficult to assess as they may be an outcome of other factors. Sudden and unexplained changes in behaviour or school performance might be an indicator, but may also be part of growing up. In addition, many abusers will try and hide or explain away signs of abuse. However, it is everyone’s responsibility to deal appropriately with any suspicions that they may have. This usually means reporting the incident. Some people may feel unsure about managing this for individuals from some social groups. This may be due to them not understanding particular customs or fearing accusations of discrimination. Remember, though, that child abuse is not acceptable in any group and that all young people deserve protection.