(a) Prohibition against discrimination; exceptions. No
person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from
participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to
discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal
financial assistance, except that:

(1) Classes of educational institutions subject to prohibition

in regard to admissions to educational institutions, this section shall
apply only to institutions of vocational education, professional
education, and graduate higher education, and to public institutions of
undergraduate higher education;

(2) Educational institutions commencing planned change in
admissions

in regard to admissions to educational institutions, this section shall
not apply (A) for one year from June 23, 1972, nor for six years after
June 23, 1972, in the case of an educational institution which has begun
the process of changing from being an institution which admits only
students of one sex to being an institution which admits students of both
sexes, but only if it is carrying out a plan for such a change which is
approved by the Secretary of Education or (B) for seven years from the
date an educational institution begins the process of changing from being
an institution which admists only students of one sex to being an
institution which admits students of both sexes, but only if it is
carrying out a plan for such a change which is approved by the Secretary
of Education, whichever is the later;

this section shall not apply to any educational institution which is
controlled by a religious organization if the application of this
subsection would not be consistent with the religious tenents of such
organization;

this section shall not apply to an educational institution whose
primary purpose is the training of individuals for the military services
of the United States, or the merchant marine;

(5) Public educational institutions with traditional and
continuing admissions policy

in regard to admissions this section shall not apply to any public
institution of undergraduate higher education which is an institution that
traditionally and continually from its establishment has had a policy of
admitting only students of one sex;

(6) Social fraternities or sororities; voluntary youth service
organizations

this section shall not apply to membership practices --

(A) of a social fraternity or social sorority which is exempt from
taxation under section 501(a) of Title 26, the active membership of which
consists primarily of students in attendance at an institution of higher
education, or

(B) of the Young Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Christian
Association; Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, Camp Fire Girls, and voluntary youth
service organizations which are so exempt, the membership of which has
traditionally been limited to persons of one sex and principally to
persons of less than nineteen years of age;

(7) Boy or Girl conferences

this section shall not apply to--

(A) any program or activity of the American Legion undertaken in
connection with the organization or operation of any Boys State
conference, Boys Nation conference, Girls State conference, or Girls
Nation conference; or

(B) any program or activity of any secondary school or educational
institution specifically for--

(i) the promotion of any Boys State conference, Boys Nation conference,
Girls State conference, or Girls Nation conference; or

this section shall not preclude father-son or mother-daughter
activities at an educational institution, but if such activities are
provided for students of one sex, opportunities for reasonably comparable
activities shall be provided for students of the other sex; and

this section shall not apply with respect to any scholarship or other
financial assistance awarded by an institution of higher education to any
individual because such individual has received such award in any pageant
in which the attainment of such award is based upon a combination of
factors related to the personal appearance, poise, and talent of such
individual and in which participation is limited to individuals of one sex
only, so long as such pageant is in compliance with other
nondiscrimination provisions of Federal law.

(b) Preferential or disparate treatment because of imbalance in
participation or receipt of Federal benefits; statistical evidence of
imbalance.

Nothing contained in subsection (a) of this section shall be
interpreted to require any educational institution to grant preferential
or disparate treatment to the members of one sex on account of an
imbalance which may exist with respect to the total number or percentage
of persons of that sex participating in or receiving the benefits of any
federally supported program or activity, in comparison with the total
number or percentage of persons of that sex in any community, State,
section, or other area: Provided, that this subsection shall not
be construed to prevent the consideration in any hearing or proceeding
under this chapter of statistical evidence tending to show that such an
imbalance exists with respect to the participation in, or receipt of the
benefits of, any such program or activity by the members of one sex.

(c) Educational institution defined.

For the purposes of this chapter an educational institution means any
public or private preschool, elementary, or secondary school, or any
institution of vocational, professional, or higher education, except that
in the case of an educational institution composed of more than one
school, college, or department which are administratively separate units,
such term means each such school, college or department.

Each Federal department and agency which is empowered to extend Federal
financial assistance to any education program or activity, by way of
grant, loan, or contract other than a contract of insurance or guaranty,
is authorized and directed to effectuate the provisions of section 1681 of
this title with respect to such program or activity by issuing rules,
regulations, or orders of general applicability which shall be consistent
with achievement of the objectives of the statute authorizing the
financial assistance in connection with which the action is taken. No such
rule, regulation, or order shall become effective unless and until
approved by the President. Compliance with any requirement adopted
pursuant to this section may be effected (l) by the termination of or
refusal to grant or to continue assistance under such program or activity
to any recipient as to whom there has been an express finding on the
record, after opportunity for hearing, of a failure to comply with such
requirement, but such termination or refusal shall be limited to the
particular political entity, or part thereof, or other recipient as to
whom such a finding has been made, and shall be limited in its effect to
the particular program, or part thereof, in which such noncompliance has
been so found, or (2) by any other means authorized by law: Provided,
however, that no such action shall be taken until the department or
agency concerned has advised the appropriate person or persons of the
failure to comply with the requirement and has determined that compliance
cannot be secured by voluntary means. In the case of any action
terminating, or refusing to grant or continue, assistance because of
failure to comply with a requirement imposed pursuant to this section, the
head of the Federal department or agency shall file with the committees of
the House and Senate having legislative jurisdiction over the program or
activity involved a full written report of the circumstances and the
grounds for such action. No such action shall become effective until
thirty days have elapsed after the filing of such report.

Section 1683. Judicial Review

Any department or agency action taken pursuant to section 1682 of this
title shall be subject to such judicial review as may otherwise be
provided by law for similar action taken by such department or agency on
other grounds. In the case of action, not otherwise subject to judicial
review, terminating or refusing to grant or to continue financial
assistance upon a finding of failure to comply with any requirement
imposed pursuant to section 1682 of this title, any person aggrieved
(including any State or political subdivision thereof and any agency of
either) may obtain judicial review of such action in accordance with
chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code, and such action shall not be
deemed committed to unreviewable agency discretion within the meaning of
section 701 of that title.

No person in the United States shall, on the ground of blindness or
severely impaired vision, be denied admission in any course of study by a
recipient of Federal financial assistance for any education program or
activity; but nothing herein shall be construed to require any such
institution to provide any special services to such person because of his
blindness or visual impairment.

Section 1685. Authority under other laws
unaffected

Nothing in this chaper shall add to or detract from any existing
authority with respect to any program or activity under which Federal
financial assistance is extended by way of a contract of insurance or
guaranty.

Section 1686. Interpretation with respect to living facilities

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this chapter,
nothing contained herein shall be construed to prohibit any educational
institution receiving funds under this Act, from maintaining separate
living facilities for the different sexes.

Section 1687. Interpretation of "program or activity"

For the purposes of this title, the term "program or activity" and
"program" mean all of the operations of --

(l)(A) a department, agency, special purpose district, or other
instrumentality of a State or of a local government; or

(B) the entity of such State or local government that distributed such
assistance and each such department or agency (and each other State or
local government entity) to which the assistance is extended, in the case
of assistance to a State or local government;

(2)(A) a college, university, or other postsecondary institution, or a
public system of higher education; or

(B) a local educational agency (as defined in section2854(a)(10) of
this title, system of vocational education, or other school system;

(3)(A) an entire corporation, partnership, or other private
organization, or an entire sole proprietorship --

(i) if assistance is extended to such corporation, partnership, private
organization, or sole proprietorship as a whole; or

(ii) which is principally engaged in the business of providing
education, health care, housing, social services, or parks and recreation;
or

(B) the entire plant or other comparable, geographically separate
facility to which Federal financial assistance is extended, in the case of
any other corporation, partnership, private organization, or sole
proprietorship; or

(4) any other entity which is established by two or more of the
entities described in paragraph (l), (2) or (3);

any part of which is extended Federal financial assistance, except that
such term does not include any operation of an entity which is controlled
by a religious organization if the application of section 1681 if this
title to such operation would not be consistent with the religious tenets
of such organization.

Section 1688. Neutrality with respect to abortion

Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require or prohibit any
person, or public or private entity, to provide or pay for any benefit or
service, including the use of facilities, related to an abortion. Nothing
in this section shall be construed to permit a penalty to be imposed on
any person or individual because such person or individual is seeking or
has received any benefit or service related to a legal abortion.