THE GARDENER . We have devoted considerable space in the first pages of this number of the Farmer , to the Vegetable Garden . It is now time to be provided with the proper seeds , and persons should be careful to obtain fresh seed . Vegetables make a considerable portion of the food for the summer season , especially , and furnish a diet that may save many doctors bills . Farmers will find it much to their advantage to renew the seed , from year to year , of many kinds of vegetables . From the American Agriculturist . Small Gardens . What you say in relation to the profits of a small garden is very true . I have in this city , ( Roxbury , Mass ., ) about one-third of an acre adjoining my house , well set with fruit trees of all varieties . I have more than fifty pear trees , all of which are doing finely . One Bartlett this year yielded five and a half bushels of pears , worth $ 4 a bushel . A Bonne de Jersey , only six years of age , gave a bushel of beautiful pears , worth at leas...

HORTICULTURAL Remedy for Rot in Grapes . • -. At : a recent meeting of the American Wine Growers Association , in Cincinnati , the following communication was read from Mr . Werk , on the subject of Grape Rot : Allow me to explain to you the trials I have made in this country , in the . cultivation of the grape , during the last eleven years , and my intentions for the future in regard to the rot , It is a remarkable fact that vines never fail , in this country , inthjeir flowering . period ; at least , I never have wit nessed it . They hang as full of grapes as they can , every year . The favorable flowering of the vines , in the greatest part of the old country , generally is the barometer of an abundant crop , and if the flowering of the vines is a failure , the-crop , of course , is a failure ; . the enemy there and the rot here . The quality there depends alone on the dry , warm summer , to bring the grapes to maturity , which is never the case here , ( if the vmes . are not ov...

Emigration Westward . ¦ ~^ * From the Chicago Press . The tide of humanity ; has already begun to set westward for the season . Through our exchanges and correspondence , we learn that New England will send , larger deputations of her sons and daughters to the promised land than in any previous season , and New York and Pennsylvania exhibit strong symptoms of the Western fever . Ohio , too , which but comparatively a few years since was on the verge ; of ciyr ilization , is npw reckoned as one of the old States , and the Cincinnati Gazett informs us that a largo number of . its citizens have started for different portions of the Northwest , chiefly Minnesota , Kansas : and Nebraska . Other States will send a full quota to the general migratory army , and it will be further reinforced by thousands from the old world . The arrivals during the winter months show a considerable increase in foreign immigration over the corresponding months of two or three previous years , and the next qu...

THE FLORIST Cultivation in the Garden . VERBENAS . —These are among the most beautiful ornaments in the flower garden . They are in blossom from early in spring until late in fall . They now embrace all colors , and no finished garden can be without them . Dexter Snow , of Chicopee , Mass ., has an extensive green house establishment , devoted expressly to the cultivation of this plant . His stock is immense , and his sales yearly amount to many thousand dollars . We shall place oar lady readers under obligations by copying from his catalogue of 1857 , his instructions for the outdoor cultivation of the verbena . He says : The ground should be prepared is the fall , by throwing it into high ridges and spreading over it a coat pf wood ashes , aad upon these old and well decomposed stablemanure . In thus exposing the whole action of the frost , the worms , the larva of insects and the worst of all enemies With which the verbena has to contend , ( the root louse , ) are in a great meas...

Illinois State Agricultural Society— -Meeting of the Executive Committee . A meeting of the Executive committee of the State Agricultural Society , was held in Springfield , commencing on the 4 th inst . The foliowpersons were present : 0 . W . Webster , President ; Lewis Ellsworth , Win . Kile , S . A . Buckmaster , A . B . McConnel , H . Capron , Vice Presidents ; J . N . Brown and H . C . Johns , ExPresident ; S . Francis , Corresponding Secretary ; P . Warren , Recording Secretary ; John Williams , Treasurer . A communication wag read from Dr . John A . Kennicott , which was laid on the table for the present . A communication was read from the County Agricultural Society of Peoria county , asking that the next State Fair be held on the grounds of that society , and pledging that they will perform all the requirements of the committee , in furnishing fixtures , &amp;amp; c . Mr . Rile laid before the committee some pro * ceedings of the Agricultural Society of Edgar county , ...

EDITORIAL NOTICES Trial of Reapers and Mowers—Under the . Superintendence of the Officers of the Illinois State Agricultural Society . SPRINGFIELD , III ., March 11 . 1857 . &amp;lt; At a meeting of toe Executive committee of the Illinois State Agricultural Society held in Springfield on the 4 th of March , it was resolved that there shall be a trial of mowing and reaping machines in the month of June next , under the following rules and regulations : Exhibitors of machines must enter them with S . Francis , Springfield Corresponding Secretary of the Society , on or before thelothday of May next ; and the persons entering them are required to pay $ 50 cash , in order to defray the expenses of the officers of the Board , Committees , &amp;amp; c . The trial is to take place at or near Salem , in Marion county ; the time to be designated by the President . The Executive Committee will act as the awarding committee on the trial . The committee will seal up their decision , whic...

Illinois State Agricultural Society , The Executive Committee of this Society met in this city on the 4 th instant . They were principally engaged in making arrangements for the next State Fair—preparing the premium list , appointing committees , &amp;amp; c . There was onl y one application received for holding the State Fair , and that was from Peoria . The citizens of that county , represented by Messrs ; Chase and Arnold , agreed to comply with all the requirements of the Committee , in furnishing grounds , fixtures , police , &amp;amp; c . The grounds are said to be most beautiful . They belong to the Agricultural Society of the county . They are situated a about a mile from the city—contain some twenty-three acres—part prairie and some groves—beautifully overlooking a great extent of country , as well as Peoria lake and river , with excellent water , in great abundance , near the grounds . We are told , and have good reason to believe , that Peoria county will make an ...

Spring Work . Our farmers are now called to this work in earnest . —Has the drought of last fall and the cold ef the winter , cut off your wheat ? If so , what is to be done with the land . You can sew upon it spring wheat , sping barley and flax , with a reasonable prospect of a handsome profit . Either of these crops are better than oats . What is to be done ? There is no time to be lost . — Wheat will be likely to bring a good price the coming summer . We are told that St . Louis operators are contracting at $ 1 , 70 tor the next crop of barley ; and flax seed is bringing large prices at St . Louis and has done so for the last two years or more . The supply is not at all adeqaate to the demand . Farmers should now attend to their orchards . Trim where-necessary . If you have BO orchard , you should lose no time in patting out one—especially should you not lose another year . — Fifty apple trees will make an orchard for a family . No land pays better than that filled with apple tr...

The State Normal School . The Legislature have authorized the establishment of a State Normal School . This school is mainly intended for the instruction of young men , so as to qualify thera to be the instructors of yeuth . We notice that many of those who had been urging the establishment of an Industrial University , united in sustaining the project for a Normal School . They required the Normal School as the beginning of a system which shall be extended , as necessity shall require , until such means of education can be provided as are demanded by the best interests of our agricultural population . IgfThere are many opinions in regard to the proper time for trimming trees . We prefer spring . Do this with sharp instruments , thatthe wounds may sooner heal over . Shrubbery must now be trimmed and pruned so as to make compact and handsome bushes . Roses blossom best by cutting off the tops ot shoots and trimming out superfluous wood . Currants and gooseberries early in the spring ...

Sugar and Molasses from the Chinese Sugar Cane . The Executive Committee of the State Agricultural Society , realizing the importance ,, of deciding for the Society the value of , this plant , and adding . another staple to . the productions of the country , have offered in their forthcoming pre-nium list , the followingpremiums : Best SO Ibi . Sugar , made from tbe Chinese Sugar Cane . The Societys GOLD MIPAI . Second best $ 15 00 Third beat , 10 00 Best five gallons Molasses made from Chinese Sugar Cane ... .. The Society s GOLD HIDAI . Second best $ 16 00 Third best 10 00 We are of opinion that there will be specimens of sugar and molasses from the China sugar eane , at the coming StateFair at Peoria , which will satisfy the public that sugar and molasses can be readily and cheaply made in Illinois . If this is done , if Illinois can manufacture sufficient for her own consumption—what will be the resalt ? Illinois has , say , a population of one and a half millions ; these requir...

¦¦ i ¦¦ = ¦ ¦ ^ -W ^ alM - : • In Central Illinois the coming crop of wh ^ at will beji ght Many fields will not niake their seed . This is the ppihlPh of many of pur test farmers .,, This is a-great misfprtune ^ -bttt what is to be doh ^? : •¦ ,, We say , lose no time in lamenting over a state of things that cannot be helpecl . Many of you , farmers , haverlpst your wheat . You do not wish to put your wheat land into cprn . There are seme spring crpps which you can get from your wheat land . Oats , spring wheat , barley and flaxseed . All these articles pay well ; and , in afavbr able season , well put in , they all yield good crops . . ;»/ Mr . Sykes , of DeWitt county , hasraised with ordinary 1 culture , 35 bushels to acre of Canada club wheat , and that ; too , sown as late as the l 5 th of ApriL Barley is now bringing $ 1 Sid per bushel in St . Louis by thequahtity ; and we are told that operators there are contracting for the coming crop at $ 110 . Oats are worth 54 cents ; a...

Raising Spring Wheat . Mr . EDITOK : —Under the above caption I give you my modus operandi with Wveral years experience in the cultivation of spring wheat . As the season is fast approaching , preparations should be commence at oncei II com : has been raised the , previdus year , and the stalks remain on the ground , they should be broke down , raked Up in heaps or long rows and burned previous to seeding . The earlier wheat is sown the better , provid . ed the ground be in good order . A few days later is better than sowing in mud and water ; ; therefore , let the ground settle , If plowing has been done in the . fall , of course no clearing is necessary , but both are brought now to a CoinmPn level : with one horse and a one horsfr plow , ( wnicii every gbbd farmer has onePr nfei *; forciilt ^ atinfe corn ;) mark out inianjastwelte traces wide * which is ver ^ v convenient three breadths to the land ( where a ; machine is not used . ) From one an ( i ; a half ta two bushels to the...

American Farmers , I ^ itfa . true , aa , we have stated before , and aawe . bejjete , every man well rewiwf 1 - ^**^ toryof modern ciyili ^ i- r ^™* . tuat ^ hacidtiv ^^ qf ^ he soilhave nowhere yet Hetqinat high position of social and civil influence , which the best ^ ood -of the-race , requires tb , at they should , it is worth while to inquire for the cause of so important a failure . Why have they not ? Leaving other countries , we will confine the inquiry to , our own . Here are comparatively few monopolies . We have few vested rights , by which to turn the rewards of labor into coffers of another . No ancient king has erected a barrier about New York , Philadelphia , New Orleans , as around Paris , and decreed that for all coming time the farmer , who carries his produce through its gates , may have for it half of what the con sumer pays , while th , e , * city ., shall have the ; balanced No divine right is , claimed for op- , pressing the producing classes . . The governme...

Ploughing by Steam . Much has been said and written and published lately on the subject of plowing by steam . The attempt of Mr . Hussey , in Maryland , was partially successful . While we have been talking however , there have been those who have been acting in England . The first trial there was by a stationary engine . This did the work well enough on a small field , but it was not what was demanded . A new engine has been introduced in England , lately , which is likely to answer the wants of the farming community to some extent . It is called Boydell s Traction Engine , with revolving railway . Its operation seems to demonstrate , that the engine will work on even grounds , like those of the prairies of the west . We doubt much whether any locomotive can be made to work on uneven or hilly soil . The London Agricultural Gazette , an authority which may be relied upon , gives the following account of some recent experiments made in England with Boydell s Traction Engine : The tri...

Cfieap AiMe for Building . , A comfortable ^ dwelling is one of the leading . comforts of life . To obtain these at the least possible expense , has always been the study of architects and other : scientific men . In the west , we have a large class of people who begin life with little means—perhaps more without means—and who ; seek , by industry , to secure the comforts of a Home in the shortest possible time . In Illinois } before our railroad were built , it was supposed that when we had such facilities for obtaining pine lumber , we should be able to build cheaply ; but dwellings now cost as much as they did fifteen years ago . Mr . Willis H . Johnson , of this city , supposes that he-naau . ^ oa ; discovery which willgreatljrlesserithe TOst 0 f baildiBg &amp;gt; and tor which he has prociiea-. !« t ~&amp;lt;~ - &amp;lt; . ^ fearjwe cannot give all the particulars of his process;—but they are mainly these . He makes bricks out of the common prairie soil , —nlries the...

¦ On the Means of ^ eeuruii the Advau taf es of ^ Climate . ¦¦ - - - ; BT WlESOK FLAOO . J , | TiJe . selection j qf a . site ! for ones dwellinghouse , whether it be designed only for a summer residence , or for , a . permanent abode , is a subject of greater difficulty ihan is generally supposed . In treating of fhis . matter , we should consider those , circumstances which are most-favorable for shelter in . : winter , . for shade in aummerj , for recreat 4 on ,. iihd for prospect . In this essayj I shall treat less of the comparative advantages of living north , or south of a certain latitude , on j the . coast or hi the interibr , : than , qf the importance , of certain circumstances attached to particular ideations , . that may be found in all places . ; . t Tta , average of the weather throughout the : ysar might prove the advantages , in favor of a residence on the coast . But whether we live near the sea-shore , or a hundred mue 3 back P 1 **&amp;gt; the American climat...

THE -GRAZIER Pomts of a Good Horse . The New York Spirit of the Times gives the following directions for examining the condition of a horse : In purchasing a good horse , sight , wind , feet and limbs must be the uppermost objects of inquiry ; for nine horses out of ten are defective in one of these particulars . First , then , examine his eyes , and do this before becomes out of the stable ; see that they are perfectly clear and transparent , and that the pupils or apples of the eye are exactly alike in size and color . Next examine his pipes ; if good and sound , on being nipped in the gullet , he will utter a sound like that from a bellows ; but if his lungs are touched , and he is broken winded , he will giye vent to a dry , husky short cough ; look to his limbs also , and in passing your hand down his legs , if you find any unnatural protuberance , or puffiness , or if feeling first one leg then the other , you discover any difference between them , disease more or less is pres...

Tbe Cholera among Hogs , The , Buffalo Republic , referring to the malady that has prevailed among hogs in the Ohio valley , says : The same malady appears to have prevailed extensively in the adjoining States . In Western New York , especially , we learn it has been very fatal , but is now over . In conversation with one of the most extensive dealers in the neighborhood , a day or , two since , he informed us that about six weeks ago he lost about 400 in a very short space of time . A distiller in Jordan , during the month of September , lost fourteen hundred , which cost him in addition over $ 1 , 000 to have them buried . In Rochester , at all the principal points , and even among the farmers , the mortality has exceeded anything ever before heard of . A butcher in this city not long since , purchased five hundred dollars worth of fat hogs , but they died go rapidly on his hands , that he scarcely realized $ 75 on his investment . In this quarter the disease appears to have been ...

AGRieULTimAL , The Passion for Large Farms PiejudieiaL There is a passion for large farms , which very extensively prevail 8 V &amp;amp; tWs country ;; Itleadsineti to add field to field , tract to trabt , arid small farms or portions of farms all around them to their original purchase , until they come into possession of far more land than they dan cultivate or manage to goqdadvantage , and into the possession indeed , of what , in Great Britain , would be quite ah estate , pr of what would elevate thepossessbr of it into the envied class of lahded proprietors . The ownership of as many acres there , as are frequently owned by * some Of bur large farmers here , would give to their possessor th b much-coveted and ititich-prizedtitle of a Country Gentlemari . , ¦ y . This prevailing passion operates so often injuriously , not . only to the , individuals more , immediately concerned , but also to the neighborhoods and , school districts in which they are located , that it would be...