To link to the entire object, paste this link in email, IM or documentTo embed the entire object, paste this HTML in websiteTo link to this page, paste this link in email, IM or documentTo embed this page, paste this HTML in website

Mt. Vernon Democratic banner (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1853), 1863-01-31

page 1

ill - ' ' i I in i(IMH liil'i " iiiiii" 'ill in " ' Tim " mil ' in njli m i"" "' n ' . ' 'i "' ' - ' ? ' - 1 . ' . 'I Oil II I ' " ' " ' ' ' ' ' I " 11 '"J'itl !:!.. i W A '111 f J I 1. f J l-tl .. . . , . i ' . I L . . . . . A m V . M. . i i " -t"- - : - ' ' " ii ii i lnni ! i y . i . T L f .'11 I' - I - i I, i i tfi i . I. n i w ' ' i ' I ' ' i- " ' '-j' , ,-- jiibihb 7 i " ' - - -r. - - .S" ; -v ft ? ' - rf " " - - " -jr VOLUME v . w- . - 5 ; . ,1 ' .It rVBUSHXO iVtHT'UTtiBAY lIOlllCTrjT j ( . : ;; L HARPER', xfflee In lFoodwrlJBloelcv.3d Story TERMS-Two Dolljura pr unnm, pajabU in ad- vane; 2.M) witnin aix months; .QO ailer th xpi ritlon-f th year. ;:- . .i-.;; : -.. , GREATSPEECH TnONCLEM. L. TALL AXDIGH AM, - i . i . . i ' DPOV LATELY DELIVERED IN THE U. S, OF REPRESENTATIVES. HOUSE ZZZS VIEWS Or TZZS CZLZSZ8. HIS PROPOSED KET1EDY, HE DEMANDS THE STOPPAGE OF THE WAR ! HIS IDEA OF THE RELATIONS OF ' THE STATES. From tk TTaahington Congressional Globe of .tbo 13th of January. Ms. VAttASDioHAM.T Irdorsed at the recent election within the same district for which I etill hold a seat on this floor, by a majority four times greater than ever before, I speak today in the name andty the authority of the people whx, for six years,' haVe intrusted me wrth the office of a Representative. Loyal, in the true and highest sense of the word,, to the Constitution and the Union, they have.proved : themselves devotedly attached to and worthy of the liberties to secure which the Union and the Constitution wer established. . With candor and freedom, therefore, as their Representative, and with much plainness of speech, but with the dignity and decency due to this presence, I propose to consider the STATE Or TUB CNIOJT tc-day. and to inquire What the duty is of every public man and every citizen in this the very crisis of the Great Revolution. . : ,It is now two years, sir, since the Congress assembled soon after the Presidential election. A sectional anti-slavery party had jost suc- ceeded through the forms of the Constitution. For the first time a President had-been chosen . upon a:p!atform of avowed hoetility to an in- , stitution peculiar to nearly one-half the States f the Union, and had him&eif proclaimed that " there was ah" ' irrepressible conflict because of that institution between the States ; and that the Union- could ne4ndire " part 6laye and part free." Congress met, therefore, in the midst of the profoundest agitation, not here only bot throughout the entire South. Revolution glared upon .us. Repeated efforts for onciliation ana compromise were attempted in Ongress and out of it. AM ware rejected - by toe partv- just coning into power, except - only In protMiee a vt" the mg - uii - - hh-w ----- . ' "majority of that partvvboth in the Senate and sion, and that, too. "House, that Congress not the Executive-should never be authrized to abolish or interfere with slavery in the States where it, existed. South CaroTina8e.??ded ; Georgia," Alaba-na, ,f lorida Minissippi, Louisiana ami Tex-. aa "speedily folfowed. The Confederate Gov-roinent was established. ' The other slave States held back.: Virginia demanded a-Peace Congress. rThe Comtoiaoner8 met, and, after -, s6no lime, agreed. upon terms of final adjustment. Neither iu: the Senate nor the House of Representatives were they allowed even a '"rfspectful consiileration : The President elect " left his home in Febrnary, and : journeyed to-rKWardlhie capital, jesting as he came; proclaim-ing that the crisis-was only:artificial, and that nobody was hurt." He entered into this city lunder cover of night' and in disguise. On the r'4th of March he was inaugurated, surrounded i liy soldiery ; and, swearing to support the Con-Atitution of the United .States, announced in . the 8ame"breath that the platform of his party should be the law tihto him'. From that mo ment all hope of peaceable adjustment fled. But'for a little while, either with unsteadtast '"sincerity, or ih prmeditated deceit, .the policy ''ot peace was proclaimed, even to evacuation of -J i-Fort Sumter and the, other Federal forts and. arsenals io the seceded' States. . Vby that pol-l icy. was euddely- abandoned, rtime will hilly disclose.' ' ' ' 1 v: ! iRit innt nfr tli nnrinffi elections, and the . ; secret meeting in thw .city of the. Governors of 3 several Northern and Western Slatesl a fleet of "" '- vessels, carrying men, was sent dow;n ostensibly to provision Fort Sumter. The au-"" thorities of South - Carolina eagerly accepted 7-ihe;chalI.enge, and bombarded the fort into J. surrender, whife the fleet firedLnot a giin, but, jnst as soon as the flag was struck, bore away, ' ' and returned io th6 North.'' ; It was Sunday, the I4th of April, 18G1 ; and that day the Pres idea (.'in fatal haste and without the consent off c jCogress isaued hk Proclamali.on, dated Xhe next day, calling'"6ut 8e"venty-five thousand militia for three months, to-repossess tire' fbrts, laces :andkh6pertjf8eized,rmn the United . otates, and commanding the insurgents to dia?.:i perse in twenty tiays. aiiii hic gajje wao 7 '(eVa bythe Southi"arid ihutWflames of U-" elvil war; the grandest, Moodiest 4nd aad-1 det7h .history, lighted ip be.ho!B,Jteayen8. iC Vjrginja;4rti'witn seceH0d.' Narth CfplmaV Tennessee a nd Arkansas: followed'.' ; :DeraWars, r . Maryland," Ken tacky and Mfssbtiyt w'ere'm' a; blaze 'of agitation and: within a week from the1 proclarrja&on, the: Hne of; theConfederateStatesf, ' was irariBferred from the-Cotton , States to: the X'Potomae, and ialmosf ito the-Ohio and theMis souri. and ' their d0ulatkT sfntE fighting: tpen . j.i iL'i i ' M.x LuJ. L.. i.J tsoabied. J 7.9 j r- rijiiiJD Jhe North and, WesU ooVjbe sorm razeed with the fury: 'or a hrfrrjcaneV Ne'veriiW ; AJWlWiJJ'W' 0 4 MAS MXa.Cirf y ; l.mea jSBdchvWren, Jiauvejfind foreizn .. Church a'ftdJ?Ute,- clergyjaiid laymSiiV were OLl Bwepv swung wu . vncTwreii. isi8inaioniai siftg'-aexsUtiotnpartyperished'jo'aM rji:Tb6uandft JbemV.befocfi tbetempet i and, jhre ji mad tbereionlyT,was ojna jfounct; .bold'enoSgh-. ' ' foolhardy enough tM mayhave been; to'bnd ,CBBOijtanr tipon hrm it W a feoBsttwmg' rfi TaeVpirH of tecoUros4fflrtpinioB sakeial-taosl tatioct ia;tepid-ori4. 5.w,-, by some IzvtfJlLiAkMiU fcffik'iiliV? illi XieS'tit family and kindred snapped assunder. Stripes and hahg 4 " fcxeeateo. 'Aw derishai(beWe7l iliUntb:toihMehHbpre98j(iedi naadoesfcren ad,.-otj jugtie 9nly essar-pd.lo th.e.skies, but ,t.-rTrv, cvu tue m vna joosom '.Ol.;.Joa .wunice - . V. . .. fci am I . . . . . m,m- - of wbiirary powers. metitatiooal 1 laituUon , wnere lariweu, now wiifiw usM aa. fcistonr and atnduwl hn.m :m,4Jl assinat,Kmr4nyoeu j sum- j and meditated for rears u pon ihe eoanicter of i -. lootfe I falsebfibd crushed our institationa and w-J:S3IenS I T-ili9 osp:.oi lore perwueu vaia. aerana gFtxverj,P9.njrher rejected the pro-!f nwiwied?: and ahe sacrifices pf human phesy,nd etaned hajjproptlcaidb "-Mtmtuftoi datarib Pratli aa: partrwas VhoserlW t r-' ? V-V -r.?f? TZob was inaagurated Ut't fceiBiCiyilTrar watfiMnt . only to b sapplaW bkhW' .inmwif-MoB a , -t;;i-;-rr! was broken down ! kabsaa eotpv Mi i liberty.bf the press, of speech, of person, of mails, of tra vel, oi one'a own. noue- ana - 91,. rengion ; ine ngut to War arms, one process or iaw,juniciai bial trial 1t jury, trial at '. all ; every., biftdirs and muniment of freedom .in republican gov ernment or kiDirlv government ail went uowd at a blow ; the chief law officer of .the crown I beg pardon, sir, bat it is easy to fall into this conrtly language 'the' Aattorney Genera, first of all men. proclaimed ' In lbs '.United States the maxim of Roman servility : Whaievp-plea- cs the PresuienL, that u .law I Prisoners of State were then first heard of here. Midnight and arbitrary arrests commenced; travel was inter dieted; trade embargoed f passports demand' ed ; Bastiles . were introduced ; strange oaths invented ; a secret police organized ; ' piping began : informers multiplied ; spies 'now first appeared in . America.: : The right to declare war,; to rane and support armies, and to. provide and maintain a navy was. usurped by the Executive; and in a little more than two months a naval and land force of over three hundred thousand men was in the field or upon the sea. An army of public plunderers followed, and corruption struggled with power in friendly strife for the mastery at home. On the 4th of July .Congress met, not to seek, peace ; nor to rebuke usurpation nor to restrain power; not certainly to - deliberate ; not ever to legislate, but to register and ratify the edicts and acts of the Executive ; and in your language, sir,' npon the first day of the session, to invoke a universal baptism of fire and blood amid. the roacof. canoAApd tft,djp of battle.' Free speech' .was had only at the risk of a - prisoa ; passrbly f life. Opposition was silenced by the fierce clamor of- disloyal ty. All business not of war was voted out of order. Five hundred thousand men, an im mense naw, and two hundred and fifty mil lions of money were speedily granted. In twenty, at most in sixty days, the rebellion: was to be crushed out. To doubt it was treason. Ab ject submission was demanded. Lay down your arms, sue for peace, surrender your lead ers torteiture, death this was only language leard on this floor, rue galleries responded ; the corridors echoed ; and contractors and placemen and other venal patriots everywhere gnashed upon the friends of peace as they: passed by. In five weeks seventy-eight public and private acts and joint resolutions, with declaratoryresolutions in the Senate and House, quite as numerous, all full of slaughter, were turned through without delay and almost without debate. Thus was CIVIL WAR iN'AiioxrBATEn in America. Can any man to-day see the end of it? Sir, I am one of that number who have on- posed Abolitionism, or the political development of the antislavery sentiment of the North and West, from the. beginning. In school, at collejre, at the bar, in public assemblies, in the Legislature, in Congress, boy and man,-as a private citizen and in public lite, in time of peace and in time of war, at all times and at every sacrifice, I have fought against it. It cost me ten years' exclusion from office and honor, at the period in life when honors are sweetest. No matter : I learned early to do right and to wait. It is but the development of the spirit of intermeddling, whose children are strife and murder. Cain troubled himself aoout tne sacrinrea 01 Afrr nnil iff nr. tinna isfo conTentionn an d litiga tion and bloodshed, from the beginning of time have been its fruits. The spirit of non-interr vehtioh is the very spirit of peace and concord. I not believe that if slavery had : never existed we would had no sectional controversies. This very civil war might have happened fifty, perhaps a hundred years later. ' Other and stronger causes of discontent and of disunion, it be, have existed between other States and sections, and are now being developed every day into maturity. The spirit of intervention as-. unied the form of Abolitionism, because ela-, very was odious in name, and by association ' to the Northern mind, and because it was that which most obviously marks the different civilizations of tTlie two sections.' .The:Sonth hep-self, in her earlier and later efforts to rid herself of it,- ha1 exposed weak and offensive parts of slavery to the world. .. Abolition intermel-dling taught her at least to search for and de-fend thei assume! social, economic and political merit and value of the institution. - ' , But there never was an hour from the beginning when it did not seem to me as clear as the sun at broad, noon, that the agitation in any form in the North and Westtof the slavery question must sooner or later end in disunion and civil war. This was. the opinion and prediction for. years of Whig and Democratic statesmen alike ; and after the unfortunate dissolution of the Whig party in in 1854, and. the organization of the present Republican party-upon an exclusively antislavery and sectional basis, the event was inevitable; because, in the then existing temper, of the' puMimindr and. after the education through the press and by the pulpit, the. lecture and the politic! canvas Tor twenty years of a veneration taught tajiate slavery and the Soathlhe success of that Dartv. possessed, as it was. of every envme .of political business, social and religious ih- niMjuutr who u if rutin. 11 was Qiiiy. a ..question of time, and abort time.- Such waaits &trenglb llndeedy that I do notrbelieve that the union, of ine ueinocranc party h isw onany. coaiii-date, even though he had been' sdpTSortedf also l. . v. tT?l I'.f - '-ii t r-r ; - .. . vj ,,,a -entira. tK-cajea, conervaijye or anu-Lincoln vote of th.'a (cduntryv would lave avail ed io defeat it ; and if it had, the n9rss of the 'Abolitioii : party would onlyj haved-lieen,;post-rned-fotrr yeaw longer,' The dKease hadffisi Xened top strony'opbn the system'to be4ieal- ea anni.it naa run ;ns conree.tne aoctrine of the VMrreDreaaibTe eonflici?' had beeK tirapnt too long and accepted.' too.-.widely. and" earnestly to die oat,'tintil it . should eulminate in seces sion and dieunioh ; and, if coercion were resoiv tea to; then 'in-. civil -war. believed frdra-the theflfsfe.that it was'thetfrposcsdmertf the' apostles of that; ; doctrineo' force collision ' twtwPAn thit NortK and : tTio R44ilVitt7Wflri bring about a separabp.arjtqnd aaitbtafTti"n whose publitf" men practice It. ;: Whoever woaynpiwxfc;Jor; AtWiwg. ub, x nave ior ytajvpartdei. lgLa tailghtthat rtfW-TrmA WJiK all ib"e vehemeACeth4teint7if von choose rr.Lbonbty4t aTigtteoi.,a..riois tfaHtferv Tiuskm thus, J fore warned, alL.Who.be liev the doctnae,' r (ollQw rthkty whacfe ug uo ubcki ana a depth orcon? yfctioa'asofoan! ' as ever' penetraUd u man. - Ana wneiiTptf igt yrsr pafi over and oyer mgaio; Jatfc'plocta5md iltbt pwiw aaaa.sacoasa pTa s ecjaoal antid Ve!?tU 5J.WDg ibf djsankfif J 7f V - Aericai jl: neueeit jWfidl I of the peoole of .the Sotitir- aswell asNorih- ftnd I coal J. Id c4 iSdaot the ereht. , Bnt the pW pis d.iiptrbehsye me, nor those olde rarr cornbiaaiion to cUAtv&'lh zecation ofI I jstates.- a a nyevsn t,wl koew, ? or tliough t i urf-- ftst.the'hd wa tentuu4 collisi6n,aiid a tleatnio ihe Union. -7' h 1 r una jil. the Jaws in, certain States, but -JairdtcTiow. systetiiajq 'deliberate, JeterminedT and yf jth. the copsent of a majority of the people o f eacl pian.wnen seceaen. vsnseiess, it : may pave been-.' wicied.it may have been - ".-but there it. wan noii vt nuiro at, stut iesH,vo,we; ugi-ed at, but to be dealt with., by; s tales man as a factv; kNo- dieplaj of yjgor or'forpe lone, howj. ever sudden or :irreat.. . could. ".bay e., arrested Tl even at the outset.. 'It was disniiion at last:-rr The; wolf) had comei - But., civil ,war had'.not yet. followed. . Ju. mTfdelIberate tand;mo6t 661-emn indment,' there, was but .one - wiseand masterly mode of dealing with it.Non-coercion would avert civil . war, "and compromise and crush out Abolitionism . and . Secession, The parent and the child would thus both per isb. But a resort to force would at once' pre- cipttate.war, nasten secession extena aisunipn, and, .while it lasted,. utterly cut off all hope- of compromise.,. I believed that warj if .long en ough continued would be final, eternal disunion. ;. I said it: I meant it: and. according to the utmost of my ability and influence, I ex erted rnyself in behalf of the policy ofnon-coercion. It was aiopted ,by Mr. Bacbahan's Administration, with the almost unanimous consent of the Democratic and -constitutional Union parties io and out of Congress ; and, iq in February, with the concurrence of a major ity of the Republican partjr in; the Senate and tins House, .out that party, most disastrously for the country, .refused all compromise., flow. indeed, could . they, accept . any 1 That which the South demanded And tne Democratic and onseEative .parties "of the., North nd West were, willing to gran.v apxi wqicu atone couia avail.to keeo the Deace andsave the Union. implied a surrender 01 the sole vital element of the party and its pJatform-7-of the yeryprinoi- pie, in lact, npon w men u naa juet won tne contest for the Presidency ; not", indeed, by a majority of the popular vote the majority was nearly a million against, it but under the forms of the Constitution. Sir, the crime, the " high crime" of the. Republican party waf not so much itH refusal to . compromise, as its original organization- npon a basis and doc trine wholly inconsistent with the stability of the Constitution and the peace of the Union. But to resume : the session of Congress expired, t The President elect was - inaugurated ; and now, if only the policy ofnon-coercion could be maintained, the war thus aver ted, time would do its. work in tha-North and the Sooth, and final, peaceable adjustment and reunion be secured. 'Some time in March it was announced that the .President hdresol- ved to continue the policy of his ' predecessor. and even go a step further, and evacuateSum- ter and the other rederal forts and arsenals in the seceded States. 13 is own party acquiescel: the whole country rejoiced. The policy of noii -coercion had triumphed, and for Once, sir, in my !ile I found myself in an immense majority. No man then pretended . that a Union founded in consent could be cemented by force. . Nay. more, the President od Secretary of State went further. - Said Mr. Sew ard,' in an .otficial diplomatic .letter to Mr. Adams: .... , "For thoe reasons he (ih PresldentV would not fee disposed to reject a cardinal dogma of theirs, (the Secessionists,) namely, that the Federal Gerernment oonld not reduce the seceding S 'Ates to obedience bv eonqnest, although he were ((jsposed t question that ptlinBTnnrrin TitcC tbe President wuiingly a- cepts it as trne. Only an imperial or despotic CkrT? ernment could sadjagafe thoroughly diSHfiecteu and. insarrectionary members of th State." , " ' Pardon me, sir, bpt I beg to know whether this conviction ofthe President and his Secre tary is not ;the, philosophy , of the persistent and most vigorous efforts made - by this Administration, and fir8t.ofal throuli.tlnssanie Secretary the moment thet war broke out, and ever'since till tlie late el,ectionsr to convert t)ie United States into an. imperial .or- despotic Government I But Mr. Seward adds, and.I agree with him : ; . . "This Federal' Republican, system of ours is. of all torms of Government, the very .one whioh is most unfitted for .such a labor." , I This, sir, was on the 14th of April, and. yet that very day .the" fleet, was under sail for Charleston. :t The policy, of, peace had. bee it abandoned. - Collision nJoJJowejt; the . militia were ordered out ; civil war began. ' . Now, sir, on- the 14th : of April. I believed1 that coercioir would briftg- on war, and war disunion. , More than that, ' I - believed, 1,-what .you all in your, liearts belyeto-dayV'that the t. .1.' i.r.. L.A;n...r --- j-, not that only; but 1 was-satisoed rand you of the Abolition' party have now.'proved it to the' world thatHhe" secret but real purpose of tfhe' war;, was to.abplishalaver intbe' tftates." ;iIa any event.l! . did ,npt doubt; that Wh4t ever might be the mpmentary.ini pVsesC'lhog ih power, and whatever pledges they might rnAke m the midst of their fury for the Constitution, the Union and the flagt -yet -the- Natural ind inexorable logic of revolution' Woutd,vi sorrier1 or later drive: t$em to that.polcy. and Wfth it to its filial but .inevitable result, 'the' 'change of our present democratical form, of. Gov ernment into an-imperial despotism, ,-..,. Y'-!. . "r - These were'my coavictiona- on the 14i,h of April. Had I changed them on the 15th when I, read the Presidept's proclamation, and become convinced that I had been . wron'g3all my life, and that all history., was a fable, id all -hamao -nature - false 'jn t Us jdevelopinerit frVfm- the--beginning of time. I would - have .'ehahered my public conduct also.4. Bat' my Jjfbhyictions did hpt'cha'nge.'"' tthoaght that if1 nyar,widiniotttort I4tK of April,5' if Was- a,ptM.JjjM-uMiyn oi$,watit.i.Ut anu a ai Mijies. LBelieyj ngjihis, I .could, pot as.' a n .. honest' omi n; a UDionrn man aBd a patnot; Jend -an active ttpbOrtVfd the'war;- and -i tdhJ -rnoti'Jj I '-ilad ratner mj ngnt arm were'1 piuciteu ' iromus socket ahdcast ihtrj 'etetinil .burhinsit. tfrafat with" iny pyictis lcvhj hui deiled-; iriy; aoui .w'tth- kas gult oC-moraVperjuj; wasnoiiinusot in uui. wjiivui wuicn DrocHMn that 3" all is faif in politics.". I loathe,: abhbr ahafl.elest the execrable muxltnV 'i stamp bp-Ij on. t " wo;state can endure a single Tgene.ra- of;yoth What we -rnxmtwant JMneim wiu ana at. ait ximesv n honest a&dTOdepeiideat fiabiiQu roerU'uTbai 'mahr wha is dishonest ia pxrlitite is not hoaest, t Vealft.'ih arfythihgf arid omemfs 'tnoral .flee." jeriahihoBOXS'Derwdi-luft j tseUT.: but - d thrthtdglhat ismgiit;,and do iit jtikft.aj Kiaii. I didfC CeTUiary,lIco1d liot doabtwhat fie oiu5tiuur.wuvuretiij sua opiuioflsaiia pealedto'Timev'aiid.rightvtt AVengeT awered:me3Ji Jfr&.fcfrfi&ai 1 1 i tUU iiiai.tiS os. 'ftl. iifrSrftJ .T a.Jlhey. did. , noLvBat rwasV-vXeprcsv : . e : V'ar. ex istad-by-Wbosa aQt-rociatt?' cct"bioeU Tha-rresidsnMhe Csne th--I!c3.an J ihe er.an lft k V 1 .11 '-. tit' pVLt ' t-wa imA war 4ot the Uaioa- a unioa rct consent -and Did 2 not know .huaiati jVialure? ; utf ISitw Siii3; eiprei b? ? 6tieallr.iiitoBthia.JTar-:neitli"e rtin.I.'Cnarrel l.W.sf.antUmi,ed:inr;i -ylllnmanfii with any one, here ot alaeJsherey whOigajre;to ! bis iBcrinionla Nay5.'4hore j aJreadjr iaca the : it Aff'hdesf'Brf port. Had -tb'eir;;o$jTicliQni '4Jhofc!r',4SCl;(thiVHo"3.h'aa:sprbpria beetf 'tnrefTl' tc6h1d1ir? AMfe' hav ?d4a "led ti4COlOOO.COO almost everydollarV teith. goocl jwi7;'Albiur;atHero;brelthrens jrr'eiid be1 whinbed back 1 old love and YellbWshrri n't ' the sion 1 v T can-eouiDre hend a War TWmrtlv people'io a'dcept ft faster.; to :;eh'an'ge a Jbrni Of GoveiTn'ment ; to giye'.up territory ; 't6':"abol-: ieh a domestic institntion ; in short, a W'ir : of conquest and, enbjagation; but a war " for Union 1 - Was the Union:' thus "made T ' Was it ever th os preserved f Sir, history wfll'Ve- cord that, after nearly six thousand' years' of louy ana wicseaness in every iorm' and adr ministratTon of Government theocriitic, 'democratic, monarchie, oligarchic, despotic and mixed it was reserved to' American statesmanship,' in the .nineteenth century', of 'the Christian era, to try the1 grand experiment on a scale the most costly and gigantic in its proportions; of creating love by force; and developing fraternal affection by War ;' and1-history Wiir record,' too,J"oh the'eame 'ge('"lthintter', disastrous and mot.l'blbody failure of the experiment, v : ' ;! ' - k- . - But to return the country Was at war ; and I belonged to that school of politics which teaches that when we are at war, theGovernment- I do not' mean the Executive alone, but the' Government is. entitled to demand and have, withocit resistance, Buch'number 6f men; and such amount of money and supplies generally as may be necessary for the war, until an, appeal can.be had to the people. Before the tribunal albnej in .he first instance, must the question of the continuance of the war be tried.','.. This WaJ'.Mr. Calhoun's opinion, and ' he laid it 'ddwri very broadl v and strongtjp speech orl the Loan Bill,-iu" ISiL Speaking of supplies he said t ' . " I hold that, there is a distinction in this respect between a state of -eacf and war In the latter, the rieht of with hoi iln supplies ourht ever to he held subordinate to the energetic and successful prosecution of the war.. I g further,' and regard the withholding supplies, with a view of forcing the country into a dishonorable peace, as not only to be what it has been called, moral treason, bat very, little short of actual treason itself." : . V' Upon this principle, sir, he acted afterward in the Mexcian war. Speaking of that war in 1847, he said :' '' "Every Senator knows that I was opposed to the wart but none knows but myself the dentb of that opposition. 1 With my conception of its character and consequences, it was impossible for me. to Vote for And again, in1848 : ' . i" . ' ' " But, after the war was declared, by .authority of the Goverument, I acquiesced in what I could not prevent, and, which it was impossible -fur mo to arrest and then J felt it. to be my duty to limit my efforts to give such direction to the war as would, as far as possible, prevent the-evils and dangers with which it threatened the country and its institutions." Sir. I adopt all this as my own position and my defense; though, perhaps, in a civil war, 1 might fairly go further jn opposition. , Ot could not. .with my convictions, vote men and money for this war, and I would not. as a Representative, vote against them. I mean that, without opposition, the President might take all the men and all the money': he should demand, and then to hold him to a strict accountability before the people for the results. Not befieving'the'soldier8 responsible for the war, or its purposes, or its consequences,' I have never wi t h h eldot'e w here their separate interests werwconSer hetL 1 -But "I" h ave rilfihouiicel from the beginning the usurpations 'r' , 1 .1 . J M r I I ana uie iniracuons, nue ami uu, ui ivr anu Constitution, by. the President and those un der him ; their repeated and persistent arbitra ry arrests, tlie'8uspenii habeas corpus, the yioiation 01 rreeuoiii u.i me iiiumb,. 01 me private house, of the press and 6X speech, and all the other njuftipifed wrongs and outrages up- on 1 public' lioerty . and ; private ' right, ' which have made this country one or the worst des-potisms 011, earth- for the past twenty rhontLs ; and I will continue to rebuke and 'denounce them to the end ; and the people,' thank God, hav? at last heard and heeded.' and " rebuked them, too. '.To the record and time I appeal again for my justifi(ation.'c And hoW, sir, 1 recur. fo'Uhe" state of the Tjnfoh to-day. What is it?" . Sir, twenty month have elajwed, but the rebellion is .not crushed put ; its military power ha not Keen broken ; the insurgents h & 'hot3 ' dispersetl.r- TheUnidnis hot' restored ; nor, the Constitaf tioii" maintained nor' the; laws enforced'. Twenty, sixty, ninety, ' three hundred! six hundred days have passed "; f ft: thousand mit-jipns len expended ; and thfeehuudred thousand Jives' lost or bodiee' mangled VhWf;' to-day the Confederate .flag is near the' pbt&mao and the 'Ohio," arid the Confederate ' GdveriirHeiit strbneerl many times1, thin 'at' the : bejHnhihi. Not a State hVsi been restore,' yi'ot kiiy pdrtfdh ofJarty State Vaavblohthrir relufblo' thie "Union! ;And: has any thin beehWanting that Congre'ss, or the'State or-the "pebpl.e" ih,the& uye cpniror tne snure r ejunu .wwrernniem, fivefy Stae Goyerhtiient. evVj-V counter, every ci(y, towti and Village it ih North and Wst,? Waaltf;pa.trrnigiE ts-All belonged to it.! Was it, influence7 J What more? IMd' nof the ee'hoo, the college,' the -cli arch", the press,' the Secret'orders;'the-mnnieipality-the 'Corpdra- I tioni' ra ilroadsy- talegmbhvexpress com panics, tUevolnrftary asseeiatiohs, alVall yielditf ro the utimost ? m Was it unanimitr t 'Never Adrnini-irao anrrted an Adroinistiatic so saprrted in England or 1 Arri ericai" J'iye nwemand a half score of inew papers made 4pithaippoBtHri v Waa itt.e 'thusiaemt: :Tb4 tritbustasnT .waa tairatcak-M Tfcerhfebeeyrhiair like it smce the Cro iH hi it rAnfideiwetv Sir. the faith' bt f-tVM'tennta iidprl that; of : the.'ttatriarchi-M- ITiejrgaveMip lonstuaiiou, jw, nguv, iion.yj all aryonrderaahd for arbitraiy - 'powerthat the Tebi)iQW- mighty as you (promised, be c'rushVd-1U0 in tliree months -and.Uie.'Union e.4uredl '' Was 'credit needed ? A Your took ' conlroroir 4' country yoong,' yigoroasv. and in- exhaustibld v wealth and resources, and-or a Govertiment almosti free from public debt, and whose jroodkithhad yer been; tarnhhed.-r-, Yosir great "datipnal loan bubbler failed misem 'hlyait deserved to fail t botthe bankers and Wehhn pf Philadelphia, New JYorfc aid -Bbstorf tent yod more than )tbei"ijtrre bank tng'aprtal.-w Aodwoea iaai.vjaiea..joov-yoa of Ihd TIit StaleavdimlnwbedndeeaV batfstiH in IdiThe whoby ateiUh.wjf tb vxocrtrtiy tc6Uie48ttk3lfar&tlay7-tod ?feetfPsrivatecl tatitfdhala, mnWrml eorporatioriSif hefcte gyaietitarV! twnsyiiies'Tpo WbngyVeasittt WeAiesa- pfiigality( Tb4 iiEasteT citJew lmlr6$l5QmO.QW; Congresi "vot edvrtrsVtbasBBt of QiOOO.OdO kt4 txfit 500,000,00a more in loans land ihear : tr-ciftf-.imA , T.i-4it aiKn.iyvi viu. every cutci ate, ar.d.w ?; thr-sit-. i'milllona h ; t:ea nar.1i--since tfer rr-I. ... ' . Ct '3d sioned pafrioiishi,5 e9u1dl!b8loWtjr Was it ? - And d:lf not the "rlarty ortne Kxecil- lorced- credit y.ecianf y ; your .pcussrv pr?n-tsesVJykiegabfeaiaer fbr attrtdeba.'-itWfts r-tftofiit wsnted?JiY4a sBatt'itiljthe reareanea ; indirect has be'eb iaapgaratM, the. txiost Haerj oas'aud unjust, ever imposed upon any bat k ; . 'MopeV.'ahd' criC' tfcenyou hare had Tn prodigal profusion: And Were men wanted f More than a minion rushed to arms ? ' Seven- ty-flye thousand first; (and the country' stood aghast at themultitude,) theh . eighty-tBree thousand . more Werefdetrianded and three Eondred and ten' thousahd ; responded" to ' the call. The President next asked for four hundred thoasandand. .Congress, '' in its generous confidence, giave hra' five'hundred thousand : and, not to be outdone, he" took six hundred and , thirty'-ee'yen . thousand.'. Half of these meltetf awtjr in their' first campaign ; and the President demanded three hundred ' thousand more for the, war, and then drafted yet another three hundred thousand for nine months. The fabled hosts of Xerxes hare been outnumbered.; And yet' victory ' strangely follows the standards. of the foe. From Great Bethel to Vicksburg, the,:' battle has not been to ' the strong. Yet every disaster except the last, has been foyowed by' a call for " more troops, and every time so far they have been promptly furnished. From the beginning the war. has been conducted like a political campaign, and it has lieen the folly .of the party in power that they have assumed that numters alone would win the field in a contest not with ballots but with' musket and sword. But numbers vou have had almost without number the largest, best appointed best armed, fed. and clad host-of brave men, well ' Organised and well disciplined,. ever marshaned. A na-vyi CH),nbt'the.,mbst forchidabje'eriiapsbt tlie mo6t numerous and gallant,9 and;' the cost-' liest in the World, and against a. . foe almost without a 'navy at all. , ; ' : ' ' '-'-- Twenty million people, and every element of sf rength and force at command power, patronage, influence, unanimity, enthusiasm, confidence, credit,, money, men an army and a navy, the largest and the noblest' ever set in the "field or afloat upon the sea ; With the Bap-port, almost servile, of every State, county and municipality iu the North and Wert ; with a Congress swift to do the bidding of the Executive without opposition anywhere at home, and with an arbitrary power which neither the Czaf of Kussia nor the Emperor of Austria dare exercise ; yet after nearly two years of more vigorous prosecution of war than ever recorded in history ; after -more skirmishes', combats and battles than Alexander, Ctesar, Or the first Napoleon "ever fought in any five years of their military career, you have utterly,' signally, disastrously 1 w ill not say igno-mihiously failed to "subdue ten million " rebels," whom you had taught the people of the North and West not only to hate but to dis-pise. ' Hebels did 1 say? Yes, year fathers were rebels, or your grandfathers. He who how before me on canvass looks down so sadly upon, us, the false degenerate, and imbecile guardian of the Republic which he founded, was a relel. And yeLwe, crailled oursel ves in rebellion, and -vha have fostered and fraternized With every insurrection in ; the nineteenth century every-where throughout the globe, would sow, forsooth, make the -word "rebel" a reproach Kebels certainly .they are ; but all the persistent and stupendous efforts of the most gigantic warfare of .modern tinies have, tbroiigh 'your: incompfetfefiey - and folly, availed nothing, to crush them out, cat off "though tliey haveieea by, your blockade from all the world, and dependent only upon their own - courage: andresources. -And- yet they-.were to be utterly conquered and subdued in six. weeks, or three months I :-,. Sir, my. judgment was made up and expressed from the fireti.- I learned it from Chatham : My lords, you 'can not conquer. America." And you have not conquered the South. :. You never will. -It in not in the, nature of ' things Bxsible ; much less under your auxpiees.-ut money you have expended without limit, blood poured out like water: defeat, debt, taxation; sepulcbersv these are'r your trophies. In vain the people gave yon treasure and the soldier yielded up-. bis life. . Fight..; tax, emancipate let these," said the gentleman from Maine, (Mrs. Pike.) at .the last session, be the trinity flour saLvatiort.'' Sir," they have become, the trinity of your deep damna- tion. .-; The i war fon the vUnion yds, io. jour hands, a most bloody and costly failure. . .The President cohfessed it on the 22d of September solemnly, oflicially and under the broad aeal of the United States. And:- he. has now repeated the eorrfessibb..v -jThe.riestsj anl ibr bis of Abolition taught him.- that : God-would not prosper such a cause. War for the Union was abandoned ; war, for the negrp. openly began, and with.', stronger battaUions than ': before. . With what success ? - Let the' dead ,at Fredjerickburg and. ycs,burg answer. , , ! Arid., now, . sir, can 'this, war 'continue f Whence the rooney; .to; carry ", it on f " .Where the imen I,..,Can yoa borrow ?.'; From , whom t Can. .you taxmore 1 W.i!rthe'peopIe leat l J Wait till you-haye collected, what is already levied. . How many ruillions. more of "J.egal-tender.'- to day forty-one per cent. beloWthe pariPgoldcan-yoa float? Will . men enlist now. at any priceif Al) . sir it is easier , to dis at home I.bez pardon; bat I trust I am not "discouraging, enlistments." . If. I am, then first arrest Lincoln, Stanton and Halteck. and soma of your .other . Generals, and . I . will', re- t&fTX will recant.; , -But can ; jou 'draft . EnglaDdTr-New Yorlc-r, Ask Massachusetts. Where are the nine bun dred thousand -t Ak. apt' Obi9njtbeV JSortB-west ..She, thaghoa.er in arnest, and, The wifo whose habe first frBiled that dyt ?. -...The fair, food bride of jester eve, ' 1 . ' . And aged sire" ad. matron gray . "" .. . ' Saw the loved warriors baste away,'' : '.'"' ' ( nd deemed it sin to eieveV ' v- ; ? Siriu Wopd she has atoned fof'ber creduli- ty;. riu nuw vorrc in uiwuruinj; in ccry innr, and distress and aadness in e"ver'y heart Shall ; But ought th is War to eon tinne'?'HI ahswfr ionotadUyhotan hour;WDat; therif Jhaltwa separate f ! Again :I answer ohia, Shall we separate i no the grandest, and ost' solemn problem51 bt BUmelmahsmpfirom tha$begthhlhg of 1 tijni IV dof Heay'enjlHumin'er.T hearts ppeaK-forrore stren; mm csveKionorHssiT sttxs.b b I n Aodirhy not TiIs It histerjcajjyicux' Brr,iinBiretreiiK.tiiivwaxB; wj wojvvri lfdr8tatas ltf::Gre ihtr;oordia hhiot; resist thU rreUW jiaa sraa.ior dkl eveotthe thhnyyea sian war.-SDrmffinrl ia.ijart jfrotifc-tlleabdaeT tjorf of slaves; and tembitteTed juadi disxstroaa rnan blood batttorend.inuch--t r i mittiirtbe 'States HllyriajelMlrgt rights and- pnvile: ob. no cnsi sr. I I!r-!and, running tbtou-b -ccntrrie?. tlid Wrtf-iveii tLft Z3.1 m.ici r-peacai-fend 'f. ,.,riat' cC-Ciait'arbuiis.-j oma jmdei oca til'ilrcbv .Ccrrajrcnii?? CHi ci last whsi eTi and ta'the 0o and minds,: I would h,6mby a measare, atleastp.-ht ml rtn. to explore .ana reveai ie cuwje oui ihrd lowshrp of thc SUt.-ba.wUe anri ndkl tHe Ibreey'e'ars scteialwic:-aneriTft-i.rt -.f Jf?l l n - tfair'-(-i. thirfpVn ireso Komari titizeslap-i-rlte jrery ject tasfectire whichltiiess litc3 hadtkeh ootuci wars r'-seensii-octna of coercion and attempted conmeet had fatti w.;... .c.. o.-. . t effect Scotland ' memories Of Watbtrw'airu?' th' rJ T I nockburn, became-part of the '"glories :of Brit vi AJan- , 9 Dietary, i pass- ny me trnion of Ireland with England a onion of1 force, which God and just men abhor; and yet "precisely the Union as it should be" of the ; Abolition tsu of America. Sir, the rivalries of the houses 'bf . ork and Lancaster filled all 5 England' with cruelty and slaughter; yet compromise and in termarriage ended the strife at last, and the white rose and the red were- blended in one. Who dreamed a month before the death of Cromwell that in two years the people of England, after twenty years of civil war and usur-pation," would with great unanimity; restore tbe house of Stewart in the person of its most worthless prince, whose father, bat eleven years before, they had : beheaded ? And who could have foretold, in the beginning of 1812, that within some threeyeats. Napoleon would be in exile npOn a desert island, and the Bourbonsrestored ?; ' Armed foreign intervention did it; but it is "a strange history. Or who then expected to see a nephew of Napoleon,' thirty-flye years later, with the consent of the people, supplant the Bourbon and reig Emperor of .France ? Sir7 many States and peo-people, once separate, have " become united in the course of aces throusb natural causes and -withont conquest; but I remember a single instance only in; history' of States or people once United, and speaking the same language, who-haye been forced 1 permanently asunder byciyil strife' or war, unless t hey were separated by distanceTor vast- natural: -boundaries. - The secession of the Ten -Tribes is tbe exeep-tion; these -parted without actual war and their subsequent history is not encouraging to Secession." But when Moses, the greatest of all statesmen, would secure a distinct nationality and government to the. Hebrews, he left Egypt and established his people in a distant country. ; -.In modern times, the Netherlands, three centuries ago, won their independence by the sword; but France and-the English Channel seperated them from Spain. - So did oar Thirteen Colonits; bat the Atlantic Ocean divorced ns from England. So did - Mexico and other Spanish. Colonies in America; bat the same ocean divided them from Spam. Cuba and the Canadas still adhere to the parent Government. And wha now, North or South, in Europe or America;- looking into history; shall presumptuously say that because of civil war the reunion of theseStates is im possible? War,-indeed, while it lasts, is disunion; and, if it lasts long enough, will be final,, eternal separation first, and anarchy and despotism afterward. Hence I would hasten peace now, to-day, by every; honorable appliance." N ' ' - -' -. Are th ere' physical canses 'which render re anion impracticable? " None: -Where other causes do not "control, rivers unite: but mountains, deserts and great bodies of water oceani disociabUes separate a people. ''- Vast forests originally, and the lakes now, also divide u, not very widely' or ' wholly, from Canada, though we speak the sa me language and are similar in, manners, laws and institutions. Our chief navigable rivers run ' from north to south. Most of oar bays and arms of the seA take the same direction'' Nataral ' caases all tend io union', except as between -the Pacific coast and the country east of the Rocky Moun tains to tbe Atlantic It is f manifest destiny." Union is empire; Hence, -hitherto we hare contiunally' extended our- iterritory, and the Union with it. s-uth And ; west The Louisiana" purchase; Florida and -Texas all. attest it. VYe "passed desert and 'forest, and scaled even the Rocky Mountains,;, tc extend the Union to the Pacific, .Sir, there is no nat-' ural . boundary between the North and the South, and noline of latitude upon which to separate;and if ever a line of longitude shall be established, it will be east - of the Missis-sippt -Valley. The AUegbahies are no longer a V barrier, iiigaways ascendthem every-wherej and the railroad now climba their, summits and spans their chasms, or penetrates: their rockiest sides. The electric telegraph follows. and, strelcnmg its connecting wires aiong the clouds, there mingles its vocal lightnings with the fires of. Heaven. . ' .- .4v .i-. ..... ' jsnt it disnmonists in tne tAst - wiu force a separation of any of these States, and a boun dary line, purely conventional,- is at last to-be marked out, it must and it will be either from" Lake' Erie upon the 'shortest line to the Ohio River, or from' Manhattan 6 the Canadas. . -. .i. . " And now. sir, is there arty difference T&f race here so radical as to, forbid reunion ? " I "do not refer td ih't negro race; styled.' now, in nnctions officiarphrase, by the President, Americans bf Afticah descen - Cert ai nl y; .- sir, ; there axe two white VaSies 'ihr the United States, both from the same common stocksnd 'yet -so dis- tmct-Mjne of them so peculiar that they de velop different forms of civilization, and might belong;- almost to different types: of mankind Bat tbe boundary of these two races is not at alt" marked by the line which ' divides .the slaveholdiog from tbe non-slaveholdinffStatea I f race is to be the geographical limit of dis- antonr tnea Mason and Dixoa s eaa never be the line. ij f 7- 2 ;iX' r - 'v - :- . - . v.- -. .' NextV'8rf,doi nottbeVcftuses-' which,. in the beginning, impelled to union, still .exist in their utmost force-, and extent ? .What : were tbevf--v r 5?r"i- ."..:.! j-.i'A'-'.-iiib . (:-" 2 1 First,: "tha cotnmon' desceBtand therefore- consanguinity i-Hf th great mass of tbe people from the Anglc-xoiV stocks r-Had - the Can-adati.beMia4tlr?arrrind4vii.4rvi lhfl' Enp-liih. they Would doubtless havW followed 1 the : for th nea of tne thirteen coioa ies.u Jxext, jm -com moi' langnage, one 'of the strongest ot tb! ligaments which bind a people.- -... Had we been contiguous to Great Briuin, 'either the causes which led to the separation- w&ald have-never existed,' ojr else beeatspeedilr iemoved ;rorv afterward, wei would long since have beeri reuni ted aseqaals. and: with the rights , of Englishmen. : And alone with these were' SimHar.i at least noteasentialiv dissimilar,4 mantvera. bab- itarlaws; religion aud insthations of all' kinds,' except on; 11 neeommev aeiense was anoin er powerful ihcantive, aod is named ia t Is Cdnstlta ttos sjis'oive among aha .objects of 1 1 e towerrei:TJmc'? of .17574 Stron Wvef 4baa. alU tieiev'rhar bat iTiade . up of all fofHHera wasj m eomraorr interest'v Ninety jof jf:j.ii ' -1 k .1 .a. : m i j .1 L -? tniaiaiQ ana seii,aaH w6Tfior9espnrincMf implyine also extent of country, is. not am ele- 4nma oreepannioa, dto; vihmq.ia conwgai .1 . ' . i .v 1- : . . ! . T. f - . . -- t . r , - .." -1 oeoofnes; pair oriue .taoEinoi 10 wrest; J ... . .-Sa at ?C - - . i Tt uucJTmnatrt oi iae-!eni5i CQmijie theiti faliyderel went sot jkahetwemreiga tatiohA thos geaYopcey ahbetweea Statesan-l peo unitedrthey ar the firmest boodaof Union J?Bt;ar all, the trqegestof the. many origi- indepenuent biit cohtlgaoua States,..irithocS natttrat bonndary; and withnolbir. to:- cs3r rataitheja-ticert; tte -machiBery- x' r'-nllar fjyemrJ,ent5,tLer xsvii: te. r'". : ' -L in. f;ct; an" irrtpreyc'.tls :eor.ict"ksf jaf L:.i:nbn end interest; ahichthwe beinj no c:I.:rcnr tcan ai Utr; aald onlyrLa ternnnaUi by-; tp ot r.IcoXiha a ctJL Jl n 1CC2 cs-ht to kaow that two er core t. the cwnV while having rib natural boundary tHther. and aepa-; gave the kins to- wear its and th- ' ,i--. A;tr ... I Minor Inivr trfrriT' . mm nnlmi rte nr more of them .be either loo -Dcsillanrrrums tar' rivalry, or too weak' to resist aggression. --'These, sirl along with the establishment of justice, and the securing of the general wel fare, and of the blessings of ' liberty to themselves, and then posterity; made opthe-caasea:' and motives which impelled oar fathers to th. Unionat first. '- ' ; ; ; - ; ' : 'And now, sirwhat one of them is Wantlag? What one -diminished? On - the contrary, many of them are stronger to-day than in the beginning. Migration and intermarriage have-strengthened the ties of consanguinity. - Com- merce"trade andjawlnction have iormensely multiplied. "Cotton, almost unknown here in --1787, is now the chief product and export of . the' country. ! vIt has set in motion-; three-fourths of the spindles of New England, and-given employment, directly or remotely, to rail half the shipping, trade and commerce of the' United States. More than - that, cotton has kept the peace between' England and-America for thirty years; and had tbe people of the North been as wise and practical as the statesmen of Great Britain,-, it wodid ha va maintained Union and peace' here. - But'wO-are being taught, in our first century and at . our own cost, the lessons' which England learned through the -long and bloody expend ence of eight hundred years; We shall bt wiser next timei Let not cotton be king, but peace-maker, and inherit the blessing. A' common Interest, then, " still remains tor us. And Union for the" common defense, at the end of this war,' taxed, indebted impover- : is bed, exhausted, as both sections must be; and with foreign fleets and armies around us, will be fift-fold more essential than ever" before. And finally, air, without Un ion oof . domestic tranquility must .forever - remain-unsettled. "If it can not be maintained with ia the Union, how-then outside of it without an exodus or colonization of the 'people of-one section or the other to a distant country ? Sir, I repeat that two governments interlinked and bound together every way by physical : and social ligaments; can not exist fn- peace - ithout a common arbiter. Win treatiea bind us? What better treaty than- the Con stitution ? What more solemn, more dura ble ? Shall we settle onr dispirtea, .then, . by arbitration and compromise? Sir, -Jet as arbitrate and compromise now, ineide of the Union. Certainly : it will be quite as . easy. " ' ' : - - r- - - -. ' And now, sir, to all thesa oriental causes and motives which impelled to union at first. ' must be ' added , certain artificial ligaments; which' eighty -years of association 7 under a. common government have most fully devel-. oped. Chief among these are cahals; steam : navigation, railroads, express companies, the . post-office, the newspaper preSs, and that ter rible agent of good and eil triixed-;-" spirit of health, and yet goblini damned if" free, the gentlest minister of ruin and liberty; wbeil " enslaved, the supplest instrument of falsehood and tyranny tne magnetic telegraph; v All these have multiplied the speed or the quantity of trade, travel, communication, migration and intercourse of all kinds between tbe differ-" ent States and sections ; and thuV io long as : a healthy condition of the body-politic con tinr " ned, they became powerful cementing agencies of union. - The numerous voluntary as- . ciation8, artistic," literary, charitable, social and scientific until corrupted and made fanatical; the Various ecclesiastical ! organizations,- . tintil they divided; and the political parties.-so long as they remained all national .and not sectional, were5 also ' among- the strong ties which boundmj together. VAnd yet. all of . these, perverted and abused for some years ib the bands of bad or' fanatical men; became still more powerful instrumentalities in' the fatal work of disunion; just as the veins and arteries of the human body; designed to con vey the vitalizing fluid through every partef-it, will carry also, and with increased, rapidity it may be, the subtle poison" which takes lite away. . Nor is this all. It was through their agency tbat the iroprisoned winds' of civil war were all let loose- at first -'With such sudden:-and appalling fury ; and, kept in .motion - fey political power; they have ministered to that fury ever since; - :But, potent alike for good and evil; they may - yet, under the coatrol of the people, and la the" hands' of Wise, good and patriotic men, be made the most effecti ve agencies, under Providence, in' the' reu.njo'aof these Statea. . ,:- . ' - -i Other ties also, less material ii their haFur but hardly les persuasive, have grown tip an-der the.Unibn Lonr as-jociation.a eommOo history, national reputation," treaties'and dip-' lomatic intercourse abroad," admission of heW Sutesa ' cororoon?arispradence,'- great med whose names and fame are pa trim1 any ot the whole v cbantryi - patriotic music and ; so&S; common battle-fields, ;atfd "glory" won under . the same flag -these rrake ;p -the 'poetry of Unionj.and yet, as in tbfefTharriag'eTelatidn and the family with similar " influences they " are stronger than hooks of steel. He '.Was a wise'etatesraanrtbough be may' never -have held ah office," who said,' . Let me' write the" songs of a people, and I care not who makes their laws. - Whyi is the' Ifarseillaise prof hibited in France? Sir; Hail Colnmbiaand the Star Spangled BanBer Pennsylvania five j us" One and" Maryland the c4herha'itiAae-more for the Union than all the legislatioh'-and all tbe debates 4a this Capitol . for tortr- tears; and thef will df more' yet again thea - million of men into the field. - Sir,' i.'Wbhld add f -Yankee Doodl;T; but first let fDe-?ba Sssared ' that - Yankee ' Doodl loves Jthe Union more that he hates" tbtt slavehold- er.w j . '- - And now, sir, T jinpose "To mnr consider the causes which led disunion and the present civil war; and inquire whether they are eternal --and eradlcablB in- 4heir nalnre. and at the" sanfe" tifte bbWerfal nong1i to overcome all tne causes ana coBsiaerauoue voica unpet w reanioiu- i;J -. ' Having two years '.ago discaesed" folly' ard elaborately tli more .abstruse and jmota. causes whence, civil- c'omnwtioris- in all - gov-' - ernrrienfs, and tboe also -wnich "are peculiar, to bur rfom'ple and Federal systemV achfe aa the-cOTsolidaiintr lendencier of the C&easral Gro'verhmenJ; because of executive power and r ..--1 1--.. - ..i. a. ij J9..'l ..iW ..4 ishoTsemenf nersily.all ahjost and borden s6n?e.t3he West aalIy itJa- th Sooth, I Hdli thfemr-bw-tioHrV t-r.;'rf 'vV-'-lw V- carrte of 6'sahion. atra thia civilwarT JSlsivery, it i aiw wered;'- Bir; th-av tte tz uoaopaj or. lirm we a the ckuse of the war. sllad thers been 5 :&la iTberel this -wtrticnhtr War -ab- ' f. it err. e-7- woaia never ns w ws. - theilbTy Sepfafchei' Was tiie ' r: 2 c t bf the Cruaades; 'and: haii-Tiv. 1 cr-C -ense, . war 2e s :?ea" nev?r existed, there jierrr Tre; ;r crUirtliiiria:-! - J r. 1 1 1-T 4 - 3 -vt . Ilaid ct ZZnta& wcI etc? Lave l:;z t . :tra-wri8 1 n therustidln ILeciaj' -war. a rresv c"? H Vhe nignt is laek of the suTd." CertainlyIa-w-oi?nrri"Be"naevery obscare ind?c i caflBriUAai-aifcottjtii -I - " , - V - S' indelu Jaess, a" eTsteot of taxatlc dire ' '....- . - v ; - : ..,...-.!; ... -

ill - ' ' i I in i(IMH liil'i " iiiiii" 'ill in " ' Tim " mil ' in njli m i"" "' n ' . ' 'i "' ' - ' ? ' - 1 . ' . 'I Oil II I ' " ' " ' ' ' ' ' I " 11 '"J'itl !:!.. i W A '111 f J I 1. f J l-tl .. . . , . i ' . I L . . . . . A m V . M. . i i " -t"- - : - ' ' " ii ii i lnni ! i y . i . T L f .'11 I' - I - i I, i i tfi i . I. n i w ' ' i ' I ' ' i- " ' '-j' , ,-- jiibihb 7 i " ' - - -r. - - .S" ; -v ft ? ' - rf " " - - " -jr VOLUME v . w- . - 5 ; . ,1 ' .It rVBUSHXO iVtHT'UTtiBAY lIOlllCTrjT j ( . : ;; L HARPER', xfflee In lFoodwrlJBloelcv.3d Story TERMS-Two Dolljura pr unnm, pajabU in ad- vane; 2.M) witnin aix months; .QO ailer th xpi ritlon-f th year. ;:- . .i-.;; : -.. , GREATSPEECH TnONCLEM. L. TALL AXDIGH AM, - i . i . . i ' DPOV LATELY DELIVERED IN THE U. S, OF REPRESENTATIVES. HOUSE ZZZS VIEWS Or TZZS CZLZSZ8. HIS PROPOSED KET1EDY, HE DEMANDS THE STOPPAGE OF THE WAR ! HIS IDEA OF THE RELATIONS OF ' THE STATES. From tk TTaahington Congressional Globe of .tbo 13th of January. Ms. VAttASDioHAM.T Irdorsed at the recent election within the same district for which I etill hold a seat on this floor, by a majority four times greater than ever before, I speak today in the name andty the authority of the people whx, for six years,' haVe intrusted me wrth the office of a Representative. Loyal, in the true and highest sense of the word,, to the Constitution and the Union, they have.proved : themselves devotedly attached to and worthy of the liberties to secure which the Union and the Constitution wer established. . With candor and freedom, therefore, as their Representative, and with much plainness of speech, but with the dignity and decency due to this presence, I propose to consider the STATE Or TUB CNIOJT tc-day. and to inquire What the duty is of every public man and every citizen in this the very crisis of the Great Revolution. . : ,It is now two years, sir, since the Congress assembled soon after the Presidential election. A sectional anti-slavery party had jost suc- ceeded through the forms of the Constitution. For the first time a President had-been chosen . upon a:p!atform of avowed hoetility to an in- , stitution peculiar to nearly one-half the States f the Union, and had him&eif proclaimed that " there was ah" ' irrepressible conflict because of that institution between the States ; and that the Union- could ne4ndire " part 6laye and part free." Congress met, therefore, in the midst of the profoundest agitation, not here only bot throughout the entire South. Revolution glared upon .us. Repeated efforts for onciliation ana compromise were attempted in Ongress and out of it. AM ware rejected - by toe partv- just coning into power, except - only In protMiee a vt" the mg - uii - - hh-w ----- . ' "majority of that partvvboth in the Senate and sion, and that, too. "House, that Congress not the Executive-should never be authrized to abolish or interfere with slavery in the States where it, existed. South CaroTina8e.??ded ; Georgia," Alaba-na, ,f lorida Minissippi, Louisiana ami Tex-. aa "speedily folfowed. The Confederate Gov-roinent was established. ' The other slave States held back.: Virginia demanded a-Peace Congress. rThe Comtoiaoner8 met, and, after -, s6no lime, agreed. upon terms of final adjustment. Neither iu: the Senate nor the House of Representatives were they allowed even a '"rfspectful consiileration : The President elect " left his home in Febrnary, and : journeyed to-rKWardlhie capital, jesting as he came; proclaim-ing that the crisis-was only:artificial, and that nobody was hurt." He entered into this city lunder cover of night' and in disguise. On the r'4th of March he was inaugurated, surrounded i liy soldiery ; and, swearing to support the Con-Atitution of the United .States, announced in . the 8ame"breath that the platform of his party should be the law tihto him'. From that mo ment all hope of peaceable adjustment fled. But'for a little while, either with unsteadtast '"sincerity, or ih prmeditated deceit, .the policy ''ot peace was proclaimed, even to evacuation of -J i-Fort Sumter and the, other Federal forts and. arsenals io the seceded' States. . Vby that pol-l icy. was euddely- abandoned, rtime will hilly disclose.' ' ' ' 1 v: ! iRit innt nfr tli nnrinffi elections, and the . ; secret meeting in thw .city of the. Governors of 3 several Northern and Western Slatesl a fleet of "" '- vessels, carrying men, was sent dow;n ostensibly to provision Fort Sumter. The au-"" thorities of South - Carolina eagerly accepted 7-ihe;chalI.enge, and bombarded the fort into J. surrender, whife the fleet firedLnot a giin, but, jnst as soon as the flag was struck, bore away, ' ' and returned io th6 North.'' ; It was Sunday, the I4th of April, 18G1 ; and that day the Pres idea (.'in fatal haste and without the consent off c jCogress isaued hk Proclamali.on, dated Xhe next day, calling'"6ut 8e"venty-five thousand militia for three months, to-repossess tire' fbrts, laces :andkh6pertjf8eized,rmn the United . otates, and commanding the insurgents to dia?.:i perse in twenty tiays. aiiii hic gajje wao 7 '(eVa bythe Southi"arid ihutWflames of U-" elvil war; the grandest, Moodiest 4nd aad-1 det7h .history, lighted ip be.ho!B,Jteayen8. iC Vjrginja;4rti'witn seceH0d.' Narth CfplmaV Tennessee a nd Arkansas: followed'.' ; :DeraWars, r . Maryland," Ken tacky and Mfssbtiyt w'ere'm' a; blaze 'of agitation and: within a week from the1 proclarrja&on, the: Hne of; theConfederateStatesf, ' was irariBferred from the-Cotton , States to: the X'Potomae, and ialmosf ito the-Ohio and theMis souri. and ' their d0ulatkT sfntE fighting: tpen . j.i iL'i i ' M.x LuJ. L.. i.J tsoabied. J 7.9 j r- rijiiiJD Jhe North and, WesU ooVjbe sorm razeed with the fury: 'or a hrfrrjcaneV Ne'veriiW ; AJWlWiJJ'W' 0 4 MAS MXa.Cirf y ; l.mea jSBdchvWren, Jiauvejfind foreizn .. Church a'ftdJ?Ute,- clergyjaiid laymSiiV were OLl Bwepv swung wu . vncTwreii. isi8inaioniai siftg'-aexsUtiotnpartyperished'jo'aM rji:Tb6uandft JbemV.befocfi tbetempet i and, jhre ji mad tbereionlyT,was ojna jfounct; .bold'enoSgh-. ' ' foolhardy enough tM mayhave been; to'bnd ,CBBOijtanr tipon hrm it W a feoBsttwmg' rfi TaeVpirH of tecoUros4fflrtpinioB sakeial-taosl tatioct ia;tepid-ori4. 5.w,-, by some IzvtfJlLiAkMiU fcffik'iiliV? illi XieS'tit family and kindred snapped assunder. Stripes and hahg 4 " fcxeeateo. 'Aw derishai(beWe7l iliUntb:toihMehHbpre98j(iedi naadoesfcren ad,.-otj jugtie 9nly essar-pd.lo th.e.skies, but ,t.-rTrv, cvu tue m vna joosom '.Ol.;.Joa .wunice - . V. . .. fci am I . . . . . m,m- - of wbiirary powers. metitatiooal 1 laituUon , wnere lariweu, now wiifiw usM aa. fcistonr and atnduwl hn.m :m,4Jl assinat,Kmr4nyoeu j sum- j and meditated for rears u pon ihe eoanicter of i -. lootfe I falsebfibd crushed our institationa and w-J:S3IenS I T-ili9 osp:.oi lore perwueu vaia. aerana gFtxverj,P9.njrher rejected the pro-!f nwiwied?: and ahe sacrifices pf human phesy,nd etaned hajjproptlcaidb "-Mtmtuftoi datarib Pratli aa: partrwas VhoserlW t r-' ? V-V -r.?f? TZob was inaagurated Ut't fceiBiCiyilTrar watfiMnt . only to b sapplaW bkhW' .inmwif-MoB a , -t;;i-;-rr! was broken down ! kabsaa eotpv Mi i liberty.bf the press, of speech, of person, of mails, of tra vel, oi one'a own. noue- ana - 91,. rengion ; ine ngut to War arms, one process or iaw,juniciai bial trial 1t jury, trial at '. all ; every., biftdirs and muniment of freedom .in republican gov ernment or kiDirlv government ail went uowd at a blow ; the chief law officer of .the crown I beg pardon, sir, bat it is easy to fall into this conrtly language 'the' Aattorney Genera, first of all men. proclaimed ' In lbs '.United States the maxim of Roman servility : Whaievp-plea- cs the PresuienL, that u .law I Prisoners of State were then first heard of here. Midnight and arbitrary arrests commenced; travel was inter dieted; trade embargoed f passports demand' ed ; Bastiles . were introduced ; strange oaths invented ; a secret police organized ; ' piping began : informers multiplied ; spies 'now first appeared in . America.: : The right to declare war,; to rane and support armies, and to. provide and maintain a navy was. usurped by the Executive; and in a little more than two months a naval and land force of over three hundred thousand men was in the field or upon the sea. An army of public plunderers followed, and corruption struggled with power in friendly strife for the mastery at home. On the 4th of July .Congress met, not to seek, peace ; nor to rebuke usurpation nor to restrain power; not certainly to - deliberate ; not ever to legislate, but to register and ratify the edicts and acts of the Executive ; and in your language, sir,' npon the first day of the session, to invoke a universal baptism of fire and blood amid. the roacof. canoAApd tft,djp of battle.' Free speech' .was had only at the risk of a - prisoa ; passrbly f life. Opposition was silenced by the fierce clamor of- disloyal ty. All business not of war was voted out of order. Five hundred thousand men, an im mense naw, and two hundred and fifty mil lions of money were speedily granted. In twenty, at most in sixty days, the rebellion: was to be crushed out. To doubt it was treason. Ab ject submission was demanded. Lay down your arms, sue for peace, surrender your lead ers torteiture, death this was only language leard on this floor, rue galleries responded ; the corridors echoed ; and contractors and placemen and other venal patriots everywhere gnashed upon the friends of peace as they: passed by. In five weeks seventy-eight public and private acts and joint resolutions, with declaratoryresolutions in the Senate and House, quite as numerous, all full of slaughter, were turned through without delay and almost without debate. Thus was CIVIL WAR iN'AiioxrBATEn in America. Can any man to-day see the end of it? Sir, I am one of that number who have on- posed Abolitionism, or the political development of the antislavery sentiment of the North and West, from the. beginning. In school, at collejre, at the bar, in public assemblies, in the Legislature, in Congress, boy and man,-as a private citizen and in public lite, in time of peace and in time of war, at all times and at every sacrifice, I have fought against it. It cost me ten years' exclusion from office and honor, at the period in life when honors are sweetest. No matter : I learned early to do right and to wait. It is but the development of the spirit of intermeddling, whose children are strife and murder. Cain troubled himself aoout tne sacrinrea 01 Afrr nnil iff nr. tinna isfo conTentionn an d litiga tion and bloodshed, from the beginning of time have been its fruits. The spirit of non-interr vehtioh is the very spirit of peace and concord. I not believe that if slavery had : never existed we would had no sectional controversies. This very civil war might have happened fifty, perhaps a hundred years later. ' Other and stronger causes of discontent and of disunion, it be, have existed between other States and sections, and are now being developed every day into maturity. The spirit of intervention as-. unied the form of Abolitionism, because ela-, very was odious in name, and by association ' to the Northern mind, and because it was that which most obviously marks the different civilizations of tTlie two sections.' .The:Sonth hep-self, in her earlier and later efforts to rid herself of it,- ha1 exposed weak and offensive parts of slavery to the world. .. Abolition intermel-dling taught her at least to search for and de-fend thei assume! social, economic and political merit and value of the institution. - ' , But there never was an hour from the beginning when it did not seem to me as clear as the sun at broad, noon, that the agitation in any form in the North and Westtof the slavery question must sooner or later end in disunion and civil war. This was. the opinion and prediction for. years of Whig and Democratic statesmen alike ; and after the unfortunate dissolution of the Whig party in in 1854, and. the organization of the present Republican party-upon an exclusively antislavery and sectional basis, the event was inevitable; because, in the then existing temper, of the' puMimindr and. after the education through the press and by the pulpit, the. lecture and the politic! canvas Tor twenty years of a veneration taught tajiate slavery and the Soathlhe success of that Dartv. possessed, as it was. of every envme .of political business, social and religious ih- niMjuutr who u if rutin. 11 was Qiiiy. a ..question of time, and abort time.- Such waaits &trenglb llndeedy that I do notrbelieve that the union, of ine ueinocranc party h isw onany. coaiii-date, even though he had been' sdpTSortedf also l. . v. tT?l I'.f - '-ii t r-r ; - .. . vj ,,,a -entira. tK-cajea, conervaijye or anu-Lincoln vote of th.'a (cduntryv would lave avail ed io defeat it ; and if it had, the n9rss of the 'Abolitioii : party would onlyj haved-lieen,;post-rned-fotrr yeaw longer,' The dKease hadffisi Xened top strony'opbn the system'to be4ieal- ea anni.it naa run ;ns conree.tne aoctrine of the VMrreDreaaibTe eonflici?' had beeK tirapnt too long and accepted.' too.-.widely. and" earnestly to die oat,'tintil it . should eulminate in seces sion and dieunioh ; and, if coercion were resoiv tea to; then 'in-. civil -war. believed frdra-the theflfsfe.that it was'thetfrposcsdmertf the' apostles of that; ; doctrineo' force collision ' twtwPAn thit NortK and : tTio R44ilVitt7Wflri bring about a separabp.arjtqnd aaitbtafTti"n whose publitf" men practice It. ;: Whoever woaynpiwxfc;Jor; AtWiwg. ub, x nave ior ytajvpartdei. lgLa tailghtthat rtfW-TrmA WJiK all ib"e vehemeACeth4teint7if von choose rr.Lbonbty4t aTigtteoi.,a..riois tfaHtferv Tiuskm thus, J fore warned, alL.Who.be liev the doctnae,' r (ollQw rthkty whacfe ug uo ubcki ana a depth orcon? yfctioa'asofoan! ' as ever' penetraUd u man. - Ana wneiiTptf igt yrsr pafi over and oyer mgaio; Jatfc'plocta5md iltbt pwiw aaaa.sacoasa pTa s ecjaoal antid Ve!?tU 5J.WDg ibf djsankfif J 7f V - Aericai jl: neueeit jWfidl I of the peoole of .the Sotitir- aswell asNorih- ftnd I coal J. Id c4 iSdaot the ereht. , Bnt the pW pis d.iiptrbehsye me, nor those olde rarr cornbiaaiion to cUAtv&'lh zecation ofI I jstates.- a a nyevsn t,wl koew, ? or tliough t i urf-- ftst.the'hd wa tentuu4 collisi6n,aiid a tleatnio ihe Union. -7' h 1 r una jil. the Jaws in, certain States, but -JairdtcTiow. systetiiajq 'deliberate, JeterminedT and yf jth. the copsent of a majority of the people o f eacl pian.wnen seceaen. vsnseiess, it : may pave been-.' wicied.it may have been - ".-but there it. wan noii vt nuiro at, stut iesH,vo,we; ugi-ed at, but to be dealt with., by; s tales man as a factv; kNo- dieplaj of yjgor or'forpe lone, howj. ever sudden or :irreat.. . could. ".bay e., arrested Tl even at the outset.. 'It was disniiion at last:-rr The; wolf) had comei - But., civil ,war had'.not yet. followed. . Ju. mTfdelIberate tand;mo6t 661-emn indment,' there, was but .one - wiseand masterly mode of dealing with it.Non-coercion would avert civil . war, "and compromise and crush out Abolitionism . and . Secession, The parent and the child would thus both per isb. But a resort to force would at once' pre- cipttate.war, nasten secession extena aisunipn, and, .while it lasted,. utterly cut off all hope- of compromise.,. I believed that warj if .long en ough continued would be final, eternal disunion. ;. I said it: I meant it: and. according to the utmost of my ability and influence, I ex erted rnyself in behalf of the policy ofnon-coercion. It was aiopted ,by Mr. Bacbahan's Administration, with the almost unanimous consent of the Democratic and -constitutional Union parties io and out of Congress ; and, iq in February, with the concurrence of a major ity of the Republican partjr in; the Senate and tins House, .out that party, most disastrously for the country, .refused all compromise., flow. indeed, could . they, accept . any 1 That which the South demanded And tne Democratic and onseEative .parties "of the., North nd West were, willing to gran.v apxi wqicu atone couia avail.to keeo the Deace andsave the Union. implied a surrender 01 the sole vital element of the party and its pJatform-7-of the yeryprinoi- pie, in lact, npon w men u naa juet won tne contest for the Presidency ; not", indeed, by a majority of the popular vote the majority was nearly a million against, it but under the forms of the Constitution. Sir, the crime, the " high crime" of the. Republican party waf not so much itH refusal to . compromise, as its original organization- npon a basis and doc trine wholly inconsistent with the stability of the Constitution and the peace of the Union. But to resume : the session of Congress expired, t The President elect was - inaugurated ; and now, if only the policy ofnon-coercion could be maintained, the war thus aver ted, time would do its. work in tha-North and the Sooth, and final, peaceable adjustment and reunion be secured. 'Some time in March it was announced that the .President hdresol- ved to continue the policy of his ' predecessor. and even go a step further, and evacuateSum- ter and the other rederal forts and arsenals in the seceded States. 13 is own party acquiescel: the whole country rejoiced. The policy of noii -coercion had triumphed, and for Once, sir, in my !ile I found myself in an immense majority. No man then pretended . that a Union founded in consent could be cemented by force. . Nay. more, the President od Secretary of State went further. - Said Mr. Sew ard,' in an .otficial diplomatic .letter to Mr. Adams: .... , "For thoe reasons he (ih PresldentV would not fee disposed to reject a cardinal dogma of theirs, (the Secessionists,) namely, that the Federal Gerernment oonld not reduce the seceding S 'Ates to obedience bv eonqnest, although he were ((jsposed t question that ptlinBTnnrrin TitcC tbe President wuiingly a- cepts it as trne. Only an imperial or despotic CkrT? ernment could sadjagafe thoroughly diSHfiecteu and. insarrectionary members of th State." , " ' Pardon me, sir, bpt I beg to know whether this conviction ofthe President and his Secre tary is not ;the, philosophy , of the persistent and most vigorous efforts made - by this Administration, and fir8t.ofal throuli.tlnssanie Secretary the moment thet war broke out, and ever'since till tlie late el,ectionsr to convert t)ie United States into an. imperial .or- despotic Government I But Mr. Seward adds, and.I agree with him : ; . . "This Federal' Republican, system of ours is. of all torms of Government, the very .one whioh is most unfitted for .such a labor." , I This, sir, was on the 14th of April, and. yet that very day .the" fleet, was under sail for Charleston. :t The policy, of, peace had. bee it abandoned. - Collision nJoJJowejt; the . militia were ordered out ; civil war began. ' . Now, sir, on- the 14th : of April. I believed1 that coercioir would briftg- on war, and war disunion. , More than that, ' I - believed, 1,-what .you all in your, liearts belyeto-dayV'that the t. .1.' i.r.. L.A;n...r --- j-, not that only; but 1 was-satisoed rand you of the Abolition' party have now.'proved it to the' world thatHhe" secret but real purpose of tfhe' war;, was to.abplishalaver intbe' tftates." ;iIa any event.l! . did ,npt doubt; that Wh4t ever might be the mpmentary.ini pVsesC'lhog ih power, and whatever pledges they might rnAke m the midst of their fury for the Constitution, the Union and the flagt -yet -the- Natural ind inexorable logic of revolution' Woutd,vi sorrier1 or later drive: t$em to that.polcy. and Wfth it to its filial but .inevitable result, 'the' 'change of our present democratical form, of. Gov ernment into an-imperial despotism, ,-..,. Y'-!. . "r - These were'my coavictiona- on the 14i,h of April. Had I changed them on the 15th when I, read the Presidept's proclamation, and become convinced that I had been . wron'g3all my life, and that all history., was a fable, id all -hamao -nature - false 'jn t Us jdevelopinerit frVfm- the--beginning of time. I would - have .'ehahered my public conduct also.4. Bat' my Jjfbhyictions did hpt'cha'nge.'"' tthoaght that if1 nyar,widiniotttort I4tK of April,5' if Was- a,ptM.JjjM-uMiyn oi$,watit.i.Ut anu a ai Mijies. LBelieyj ngjihis, I .could, pot as.' a n .. honest' omi n; a UDionrn man aBd a patnot; Jend -an active ttpbOrtVfd the'war;- and -i tdhJ -rnoti'Jj I '-ilad ratner mj ngnt arm were'1 piuciteu ' iromus socket ahdcast ihtrj 'etetinil .burhinsit. tfrafat with" iny pyictis lcvhj hui deiled-; iriy; aoui .w'tth- kas gult oC-moraVperjuj; wasnoiiinusot in uui. wjiivui wuicn DrocHMn that 3" all is faif in politics.". I loathe,: abhbr ahafl.elest the execrable muxltnV 'i stamp bp-Ij on. t " wo;state can endure a single Tgene.ra- of;yoth What we -rnxmtwant JMneim wiu ana at. ait ximesv n honest a&dTOdepeiideat fiabiiQu roerU'uTbai 'mahr wha is dishonest ia pxrlitite is not hoaest, t Vealft.'ih arfythihgf arid omemfs 'tnoral .flee." jeriahihoBOXS'Derwdi-luft j tseUT.: but - d thrthtdglhat ismgiit;,and do iit jtikft.aj Kiaii. I didfC CeTUiary,lIco1d liot doabtwhat fie oiu5tiuur.wuvuretiij sua opiuioflsaiia pealedto'Timev'aiid.rightvtt AVengeT awered:me3Ji Jfr&.fcfrfi&ai 1 1 i tUU iiiai.tiS os. 'ftl. iifrSrftJ .T a.Jlhey. did. , noLvBat rwasV-vXeprcsv : . e : V'ar. ex istad-by-Wbosa aQt-rociatt?' cct"bioeU Tha-rresidsnMhe Csne th--I!c3.an J ihe er.an lft k V 1 .11 '-. tit' pVLt ' t-wa imA war 4ot the Uaioa- a unioa rct consent -and Did 2 not know .huaiati jVialure? ; utf ISitw Siii3; eiprei b? ? 6tieallr.iiitoBthia.JTar-:neitli"e rtin.I.'Cnarrel l.W.sf.antUmi,ed:inr;i -ylllnmanfii with any one, here ot alaeJsherey whOigajre;to ! bis iBcrinionla Nay5.'4hore j aJreadjr iaca the : it Aff'hdesf'Brf port. Had -tb'eir;;o$jTicliQni '4Jhofc!r',4SCl;(thiVHo"3.h'aa:sprbpria beetf 'tnrefTl' tc6h1d1ir? AMfe' hav ?d4a "led ti4COlOOO.COO almost everydollarV teith. goocl jwi7;'Albiur;atHero;brelthrens jrr'eiid be1 whinbed back 1 old love and YellbWshrri n't ' the sion 1 v T can-eouiDre hend a War TWmrtlv people'io a'dcept ft faster.; to :;eh'an'ge a Jbrni Of GoveiTn'ment ; to giye'.up territory ; 't6':"abol-: ieh a domestic institntion ; in short, a W'ir : of conquest and, enbjagation; but a war " for Union 1 - Was the Union:' thus "made T ' Was it ever th os preserved f Sir, history wfll'Ve- cord that, after nearly six thousand' years' of louy ana wicseaness in every iorm' and adr ministratTon of Government theocriitic, 'democratic, monarchie, oligarchic, despotic and mixed it was reserved to' American statesmanship,' in the .nineteenth century', of 'the Christian era, to try the1 grand experiment on a scale the most costly and gigantic in its proportions; of creating love by force; and developing fraternal affection by War ;' and1-history Wiir record,' too,J"oh the'eame 'ge('"lthintter', disastrous and mot.l'blbody failure of the experiment, v : ' ;! ' - k- . - But to return the country Was at war ; and I belonged to that school of politics which teaches that when we are at war, theGovernment- I do not' mean the Executive alone, but the' Government is. entitled to demand and have, withocit resistance, Buch'number 6f men; and such amount of money and supplies generally as may be necessary for the war, until an, appeal can.be had to the people. Before the tribunal albnej in .he first instance, must the question of the continuance of the war be tried.','.. This WaJ'.Mr. Calhoun's opinion, and ' he laid it 'ddwri very broadl v and strongtjp speech orl the Loan Bill,-iu" ISiL Speaking of supplies he said t ' . " I hold that, there is a distinction in this respect between a state of -eacf and war In the latter, the rieht of with hoi iln supplies ourht ever to he held subordinate to the energetic and successful prosecution of the war.. I g further,' and regard the withholding supplies, with a view of forcing the country into a dishonorable peace, as not only to be what it has been called, moral treason, bat very, little short of actual treason itself." : . V' Upon this principle, sir, he acted afterward in the Mexcian war. Speaking of that war in 1847, he said :' '' "Every Senator knows that I was opposed to the wart but none knows but myself the dentb of that opposition. 1 With my conception of its character and consequences, it was impossible for me. to Vote for And again, in1848 : ' . i" . ' ' " But, after the war was declared, by .authority of the Goverument, I acquiesced in what I could not prevent, and, which it was impossible -fur mo to arrest and then J felt it. to be my duty to limit my efforts to give such direction to the war as would, as far as possible, prevent the-evils and dangers with which it threatened the country and its institutions." Sir. I adopt all this as my own position and my defense; though, perhaps, in a civil war, 1 might fairly go further jn opposition. , Ot could not. .with my convictions, vote men and money for this war, and I would not. as a Representative, vote against them. I mean that, without opposition, the President might take all the men and all the money': he should demand, and then to hold him to a strict accountability before the people for the results. Not befieving'the'soldier8 responsible for the war, or its purposes, or its consequences,' I have never wi t h h eldot'e w here their separate interests werwconSer hetL 1 -But "I" h ave rilfihouiicel from the beginning the usurpations 'r' , 1 .1 . J M r I I ana uie iniracuons, nue ami uu, ui ivr anu Constitution, by. the President and those un der him ; their repeated and persistent arbitra ry arrests, tlie'8uspenii habeas corpus, the yioiation 01 rreeuoiii u.i me iiiumb,. 01 me private house, of the press and 6X speech, and all the other njuftipifed wrongs and outrages up- on 1 public' lioerty . and ; private ' right, ' which have made this country one or the worst des-potisms 011, earth- for the past twenty rhontLs ; and I will continue to rebuke and 'denounce them to the end ; and the people,' thank God, hav? at last heard and heeded.' and " rebuked them, too. '.To the record and time I appeal again for my justifi(ation.'c And hoW, sir, 1 recur. fo'Uhe" state of the Tjnfoh to-day. What is it?" . Sir, twenty month have elajwed, but the rebellion is .not crushed put ; its military power ha not Keen broken ; the insurgents h & 'hot3 ' dispersetl.r- TheUnidnis hot' restored ; nor, the Constitaf tioii" maintained nor' the; laws enforced'. Twenty, sixty, ninety, ' three hundred! six hundred days have passed "; f ft: thousand mit-jipns len expended ; and thfeehuudred thousand Jives' lost or bodiee' mangled VhWf;' to-day the Confederate .flag is near the' pbt&mao and the 'Ohio," arid the Confederate ' GdveriirHeiit strbneerl many times1, thin 'at' the : bejHnhihi. Not a State hVsi been restore,' yi'ot kiiy pdrtfdh ofJarty State Vaavblohthrir relufblo' thie "Union! ;And: has any thin beehWanting that Congre'ss, or the'State or-the "pebpl.e" ih,the& uye cpniror tne snure r ejunu .wwrernniem, fivefy Stae Goyerhtiient. evVj-V counter, every ci(y, towti and Village it ih North and Wst,? Waaltf;pa.trrnigiE ts-All belonged to it.! Was it, influence7 J What more? IMd' nof the ee'hoo, the college,' the -cli arch", the press,' the Secret'orders;'the-mnnieipality-the 'Corpdra- I tioni' ra ilroadsy- talegmbhvexpress com panics, tUevolnrftary asseeiatiohs, alVall yielditf ro the utimost ? m Was it unanimitr t 'Never Adrnini-irao anrrted an Adroinistiatic so saprrted in England or 1 Arri ericai" J'iye nwemand a half score of inew papers made 4pithaippoBtHri v Waa itt.e 'thusiaemt: :Tb4 tritbustasnT .waa tairatcak-M Tfcerhfebeeyrhiair like it smce the Cro iH hi it rAnfideiwetv Sir. the faith' bt f-tVM'tennta iidprl that; of : the.'ttatriarchi-M- ITiejrgaveMip lonstuaiiou, jw, nguv, iion.yj all aryonrderaahd for arbitraiy - 'powerthat the Tebi)iQW- mighty as you (promised, be c'rushVd-1U0 in tliree months -and.Uie.'Union e.4uredl '' Was 'credit needed ? A Your took ' conlroroir 4' country yoong,' yigoroasv. and in- exhaustibld v wealth and resources, and-or a Govertiment almosti free from public debt, and whose jroodkithhad yer been; tarnhhed.-r-, Yosir great "datipnal loan bubbler failed misem 'hlyait deserved to fail t botthe bankers and Wehhn pf Philadelphia, New JYorfc aid -Bbstorf tent yod more than )tbei"ijtrre bank tng'aprtal.-w Aodwoea iaai.vjaiea..joov-yoa of Ihd TIit StaleavdimlnwbedndeeaV batfstiH in IdiThe whoby ateiUh.wjf tb vxocrtrtiy tc6Uie48ttk3lfar&tlay7-tod ?feetfPsrivatecl tatitfdhala, mnWrml eorporatioriSif hefcte gyaietitarV! twnsyiiies'Tpo WbngyVeasittt WeAiesa- pfiigality( Tb4 iiEasteT citJew lmlr6$l5QmO.QW; Congresi "vot edvrtrsVtbasBBt of QiOOO.OdO kt4 txfit 500,000,00a more in loans land ihear : tr-ciftf-.imA , T.i-4it aiKn.iyvi viu. every cutci ate, ar.d.w ?; thr-sit-. i'milllona h ; t:ea nar.1i--since tfer rr-I. ... ' . Ct '3d sioned pafrioiishi,5 e9u1dl!b8loWtjr Was it ? - And d:lf not the "rlarty ortne Kxecil- lorced- credit y.ecianf y ; your .pcussrv pr?n-tsesVJykiegabfeaiaer fbr attrtdeba.'-itWfts r-tftofiit wsnted?JiY4a sBatt'itiljthe reareanea ; indirect has be'eb iaapgaratM, the. txiost Haerj oas'aud unjust, ever imposed upon any bat k ; . 'MopeV.'ahd' criC' tfcenyou hare had Tn prodigal profusion: And Were men wanted f More than a minion rushed to arms ? ' Seven- ty-flye thousand first; (and the country' stood aghast at themultitude,) theh . eighty-tBree thousand . more Werefdetrianded and three Eondred and ten' thousahd ; responded" to ' the call. The President next asked for four hundred thoasandand. .Congress, '' in its generous confidence, giave hra' five'hundred thousand : and, not to be outdone, he" took six hundred and , thirty'-ee'yen . thousand.'. Half of these meltetf awtjr in their' first campaign ; and the President demanded three hundred ' thousand more for the, war, and then drafted yet another three hundred thousand for nine months. The fabled hosts of Xerxes hare been outnumbered.; And yet' victory ' strangely follows the standards. of the foe. From Great Bethel to Vicksburg, the,:' battle has not been to ' the strong. Yet every disaster except the last, has been foyowed by' a call for " more troops, and every time so far they have been promptly furnished. From the beginning the war. has been conducted like a political campaign, and it has lieen the folly .of the party in power that they have assumed that numters alone would win the field in a contest not with ballots but with' musket and sword. But numbers vou have had almost without number the largest, best appointed best armed, fed. and clad host-of brave men, well ' Organised and well disciplined,. ever marshaned. A na-vyi CH),nbt'the.,mbst forchidabje'eriiapsbt tlie mo6t numerous and gallant,9 and;' the cost-' liest in the World, and against a. . foe almost without a 'navy at all. , ; ' : ' ' '-'-- Twenty million people, and every element of sf rength and force at command power, patronage, influence, unanimity, enthusiasm, confidence, credit,, money, men an army and a navy, the largest and the noblest' ever set in the "field or afloat upon the sea ; With the Bap-port, almost servile, of every State, county and municipality iu the North and Wert ; with a Congress swift to do the bidding of the Executive without opposition anywhere at home, and with an arbitrary power which neither the Czaf of Kussia nor the Emperor of Austria dare exercise ; yet after nearly two years of more vigorous prosecution of war than ever recorded in history ; after -more skirmishes', combats and battles than Alexander, Ctesar, Or the first Napoleon "ever fought in any five years of their military career, you have utterly,' signally, disastrously 1 w ill not say igno-mihiously failed to "subdue ten million " rebels," whom you had taught the people of the North and West not only to hate but to dis-pise. ' Hebels did 1 say? Yes, year fathers were rebels, or your grandfathers. He who how before me on canvass looks down so sadly upon, us, the false degenerate, and imbecile guardian of the Republic which he founded, was a relel. And yeLwe, crailled oursel ves in rebellion, and -vha have fostered and fraternized With every insurrection in ; the nineteenth century every-where throughout the globe, would sow, forsooth, make the -word "rebel" a reproach Kebels certainly .they are ; but all the persistent and stupendous efforts of the most gigantic warfare of .modern tinies have, tbroiigh 'your: incompfetfefiey - and folly, availed nothing, to crush them out, cat off "though tliey haveieea by, your blockade from all the world, and dependent only upon their own - courage: andresources. -And- yet they-.were to be utterly conquered and subdued in six. weeks, or three months I :-,. Sir, my. judgment was made up and expressed from the fireti.- I learned it from Chatham : My lords, you 'can not conquer. America." And you have not conquered the South. :. You never will. -It in not in the, nature of ' things Bxsible ; much less under your auxpiees.-ut money you have expended without limit, blood poured out like water: defeat, debt, taxation; sepulcbersv these are'r your trophies. In vain the people gave yon treasure and the soldier yielded up-. bis life. . Fight..; tax, emancipate let these," said the gentleman from Maine, (Mrs. Pike.) at .the last session, be the trinity flour saLvatiort.'' Sir," they have become, the trinity of your deep damna- tion. .-; The i war fon the vUnion yds, io. jour hands, a most bloody and costly failure. . .The President cohfessed it on the 22d of September solemnly, oflicially and under the broad aeal of the United States. And:- he. has now repeated the eorrfessibb..v -jThe.riestsj anl ibr bis of Abolition taught him.- that : God-would not prosper such a cause. War for the Union was abandoned ; war, for the negrp. openly began, and with.', stronger battaUions than ': before. . With what success ? - Let the' dead ,at Fredjerickburg and. ycs,burg answer. , , ! Arid., now, . sir, can 'this, war 'continue f Whence the rooney; .to; carry ", it on f " .Where the imen I,..,Can yoa borrow ?.'; From , whom t Can. .you taxmore 1 W.i!rthe'peopIe leat l J Wait till you-haye collected, what is already levied. . How many ruillions. more of "J.egal-tender.'- to day forty-one per cent. beloWthe pariPgoldcan-yoa float? Will . men enlist now. at any priceif Al) . sir it is easier , to dis at home I.bez pardon; bat I trust I am not "discouraging, enlistments." . If. I am, then first arrest Lincoln, Stanton and Halteck. and soma of your .other . Generals, and . I . will', re- t&fTX will recant.; , -But can ; jou 'draft . EnglaDdTr-New Yorlc-r, Ask Massachusetts. Where are the nine bun dred thousand -t Ak. apt' Obi9njtbeV JSortB-west ..She, thaghoa.er in arnest, and, The wifo whose habe first frBiled that dyt ?. -...The fair, food bride of jester eve, ' 1 . ' . And aged sire" ad. matron gray . "" .. . ' Saw the loved warriors baste away,'' : '.'"' ' ( nd deemed it sin to eieveV ' v- ; ? Siriu Wopd she has atoned fof'ber creduli- ty;. riu nuw vorrc in uiwuruinj; in ccry innr, and distress and aadness in e"ver'y heart Shall ; But ought th is War to eon tinne'?'HI ahswfr ionotadUyhotan hour;WDat; therif Jhaltwa separate f ! Again :I answer ohia, Shall we separate i no the grandest, and ost' solemn problem51 bt BUmelmahsmpfirom tha$begthhlhg of 1 tijni IV dof Heay'enjlHumin'er.T hearts ppeaK-forrore stren; mm csveKionorHssiT sttxs.b b I n Aodirhy not TiIs It histerjcajjyicux' Brr,iinBiretreiiK.tiiivwaxB; wj wojvvri lfdr8tatas ltf::Gre ihtr;oordia hhiot; resist thU rreUW jiaa sraa.ior dkl eveotthe thhnyyea sian war.-SDrmffinrl ia.ijart jfrotifc-tlleabdaeT tjorf of slaves; and tembitteTed juadi disxstroaa rnan blood batttorend.inuch--t r i mittiirtbe 'States HllyriajelMlrgt rights and- pnvile: ob. no cnsi sr. I I!r-!and, running tbtou-b -ccntrrie?. tlid Wrtf-iveii tLft Z3.1 m.ici r-peacai-fend 'f. ,.,riat' cC-Ciait'arbuiis.-j oma jmdei oca til'ilrcbv .Ccrrajrcnii?? CHi ci last whsi eTi and ta'the 0o and minds,: I would h,6mby a measare, atleastp.-ht ml rtn. to explore .ana reveai ie cuwje oui ihrd lowshrp of thc SUt.-ba.wUe anri ndkl tHe Ibreey'e'ars scteialwic:-aneriTft-i.rt -.f Jf?l l n - tfair'-(-i. thirfpVn ireso Komari titizeslap-i-rlte jrery ject tasfectire whichltiiess litc3 hadtkeh ootuci wars r'-seensii-octna of coercion and attempted conmeet had fatti w.;... .c.. o.-. . t effect Scotland ' memories Of Watbtrw'airu?' th' rJ T I nockburn, became-part of the '"glories :of Brit vi AJan- , 9 Dietary, i pass- ny me trnion of Ireland with England a onion of1 force, which God and just men abhor; and yet "precisely the Union as it should be" of the ; Abolition tsu of America. Sir, the rivalries of the houses 'bf . ork and Lancaster filled all 5 England' with cruelty and slaughter; yet compromise and in termarriage ended the strife at last, and the white rose and the red were- blended in one. Who dreamed a month before the death of Cromwell that in two years the people of England, after twenty years of civil war and usur-pation," would with great unanimity; restore tbe house of Stewart in the person of its most worthless prince, whose father, bat eleven years before, they had : beheaded ? And who could have foretold, in the beginning of 1812, that within some threeyeats. Napoleon would be in exile npOn a desert island, and the Bourbonsrestored ?; ' Armed foreign intervention did it; but it is "a strange history. Or who then expected to see a nephew of Napoleon,' thirty-flye years later, with the consent of the people, supplant the Bourbon and reig Emperor of .France ? Sir7 many States and peo-people, once separate, have " become united in the course of aces throusb natural causes and -withont conquest; but I remember a single instance only in; history' of States or people once United, and speaking the same language, who-haye been forced 1 permanently asunder byciyil strife' or war, unless t hey were separated by distanceTor vast- natural: -boundaries. - The secession of the Ten -Tribes is tbe exeep-tion; these -parted without actual war and their subsequent history is not encouraging to Secession." But when Moses, the greatest of all statesmen, would secure a distinct nationality and government to the. Hebrews, he left Egypt and established his people in a distant country. ; -.In modern times, the Netherlands, three centuries ago, won their independence by the sword; but France and-the English Channel seperated them from Spain. - So did oar Thirteen Colonits; bat the Atlantic Ocean divorced ns from England. So did - Mexico and other Spanish. Colonies in America; bat the same ocean divided them from Spam. Cuba and the Canadas still adhere to the parent Government. And wha now, North or South, in Europe or America;- looking into history; shall presumptuously say that because of civil war the reunion of theseStates is im possible? War,-indeed, while it lasts, is disunion; and, if it lasts long enough, will be final,, eternal separation first, and anarchy and despotism afterward. Hence I would hasten peace now, to-day, by every; honorable appliance." N ' ' - -' -. Are th ere' physical canses 'which render re anion impracticable? " None: -Where other causes do not "control, rivers unite: but mountains, deserts and great bodies of water oceani disociabUes separate a people. ''- Vast forests originally, and the lakes now, also divide u, not very widely' or ' wholly, from Canada, though we speak the sa me language and are similar in, manners, laws and institutions. Our chief navigable rivers run ' from north to south. Most of oar bays and arms of the seA take the same direction'' Nataral ' caases all tend io union', except as between -the Pacific coast and the country east of the Rocky Moun tains to tbe Atlantic It is f manifest destiny." Union is empire; Hence, -hitherto we hare contiunally' extended our- iterritory, and the Union with it. s-uth And ; west The Louisiana" purchase; Florida and -Texas all. attest it. VYe "passed desert and 'forest, and scaled even the Rocky Mountains,;, tc extend the Union to the Pacific, .Sir, there is no nat-' ural . boundary between the North and the South, and noline of latitude upon which to separate;and if ever a line of longitude shall be established, it will be east - of the Missis-sippt -Valley. The AUegbahies are no longer a V barrier, iiigaways ascendthem every-wherej and the railroad now climba their, summits and spans their chasms, or penetrates: their rockiest sides. The electric telegraph follows. and, strelcnmg its connecting wires aiong the clouds, there mingles its vocal lightnings with the fires of. Heaven. . ' .- .4v .i-. ..... ' jsnt it disnmonists in tne tAst - wiu force a separation of any of these States, and a boun dary line, purely conventional,- is at last to-be marked out, it must and it will be either from" Lake' Erie upon the 'shortest line to the Ohio River, or from' Manhattan 6 the Canadas. . -. .i. . " And now. sir, is there arty difference T&f race here so radical as to, forbid reunion ? " I "do not refer td ih't negro race; styled.' now, in nnctions officiarphrase, by the President, Americans bf Afticah descen - Cert ai nl y; .- sir, ; there axe two white VaSies 'ihr the United States, both from the same common stocksnd 'yet -so dis- tmct-Mjne of them so peculiar that they de velop different forms of civilization, and might belong;- almost to different types: of mankind Bat tbe boundary of these two races is not at alt" marked by the line which ' divides .the slaveholdiog from tbe non-slaveholdinffStatea I f race is to be the geographical limit of dis- antonr tnea Mason and Dixoa s eaa never be the line. ij f 7- 2 ;iX' r - 'v - :- . - . v.- -. .' NextV'8rf,doi nottbeVcftuses-' which,. in the beginning, impelled to union, still .exist in their utmost force-, and extent ? .What : were tbevf--v r 5?r"i- ."..:.! j-.i'A'-'.-iiib . (:-" 2 1 First,: "tha cotnmon' desceBtand therefore- consanguinity i-Hf th great mass of tbe people from the Anglc-xoiV stocks r-Had - the Can-adati.beMia4tlr?arrrind4vii.4rvi lhfl' Enp-liih. they Would doubtless havW followed 1 the : for th nea of tne thirteen coioa ies.u Jxext, jm -com moi' langnage, one 'of the strongest ot tb! ligaments which bind a people.- -... Had we been contiguous to Great Briuin, 'either the causes which led to the separation- w&ald have-never existed,' ojr else beeatspeedilr iemoved ;rorv afterward, wei would long since have beeri reuni ted aseqaals. and: with the rights , of Englishmen. : And alone with these were' SimHar.i at least noteasentialiv dissimilar,4 mantvera. bab- itarlaws; religion aud insthations of all' kinds,' except on; 11 neeommev aeiense was anoin er powerful ihcantive, aod is named ia t Is Cdnstlta ttos sjis'oive among aha .objects of 1 1 e towerrei:TJmc'? of .17574 Stron Wvef 4baa. alU tieiev'rhar bat iTiade . up of all fofHHera wasj m eomraorr interest'v Ninety jof jf:j.ii ' -1 k .1 .a. : m i j .1 L -? tniaiaiQ ana seii,aaH w6Tfior9espnrincMf implyine also extent of country, is. not am ele- 4nma oreepannioa, dto; vihmq.ia conwgai .1 . ' . i .v 1- : . . ! . T. f - . . -- t . r , - .." -1 oeoofnes; pair oriue .taoEinoi 10 wrest; J ... . .-Sa at ?C - - . i Tt uucJTmnatrt oi iae-!eni5i CQmijie theiti faliyderel went sot jkahetwemreiga tatiohA thos geaYopcey ahbetweea Statesan-l peo unitedrthey ar the firmest boodaof Union J?Bt;ar all, the trqegestof the. many origi- indepenuent biit cohtlgaoua States,..irithocS natttrat bonndary; and withnolbir. to:- cs3r rataitheja-ticert; tte -machiBery- x' r'-nllar fjyemrJ,ent5,tLer xsvii: te. r'". : ' -L in. f;ct; an" irrtpreyc'.tls :eor.ict"ksf jaf L:.i:nbn end interest; ahichthwe beinj no c:I.:rcnr tcan ai Utr; aald onlyrLa ternnnaUi by-; tp ot r.IcoXiha a ctJL Jl n 1CC2 cs-ht to kaow that two er core t. the cwnV while having rib natural boundary tHther. and aepa-; gave the kins to- wear its and th- ' ,i--. A;tr ... I Minor Inivr trfrriT' . mm nnlmi rte nr more of them .be either loo -Dcsillanrrrums tar' rivalry, or too weak' to resist aggression. --'These, sirl along with the establishment of justice, and the securing of the general wel fare, and of the blessings of ' liberty to themselves, and then posterity; made opthe-caasea:' and motives which impelled oar fathers to th. Unionat first. '- ' ; ; ; - ; ' : 'And now, sirwhat one of them is Wantlag? What one -diminished? On - the contrary, many of them are stronger to-day than in the beginning. Migration and intermarriage have-strengthened the ties of consanguinity. - Com- merce"trade andjawlnction have iormensely multiplied. "Cotton, almost unknown here in --1787, is now the chief product and export of . the' country. ! vIt has set in motion-; three-fourths of the spindles of New England, and-given employment, directly or remotely, to rail half the shipping, trade and commerce of the' United States. More than - that, cotton has kept the peace between' England and-America for thirty years; and had tbe people of the North been as wise and practical as the statesmen of Great Britain,-, it wodid ha va maintained Union and peace' here. - But'wO-are being taught, in our first century and at . our own cost, the lessons' which England learned through the -long and bloody expend ence of eight hundred years; We shall bt wiser next timei Let not cotton be king, but peace-maker, and inherit the blessing. A' common Interest, then, " still remains tor us. And Union for the" common defense, at the end of this war,' taxed, indebted impover- : is bed, exhausted, as both sections must be; and with foreign fleets and armies around us, will be fift-fold more essential than ever" before. And finally, air, without Un ion oof . domestic tranquility must .forever - remain-unsettled. "If it can not be maintained with ia the Union, how-then outside of it without an exodus or colonization of the 'people of-one section or the other to a distant country ? Sir, I repeat that two governments interlinked and bound together every way by physical : and social ligaments; can not exist fn- peace - ithout a common arbiter. Win treatiea bind us? What better treaty than- the Con stitution ? What more solemn, more dura ble ? Shall we settle onr dispirtea, .then, . by arbitration and compromise? Sir, -Jet as arbitrate and compromise now, ineide of the Union. Certainly : it will be quite as . easy. " ' ' : - - r- - - -. ' And now, sir, to all thesa oriental causes and motives which impelled to union at first. ' must be ' added , certain artificial ligaments; which' eighty -years of association 7 under a. common government have most fully devel-. oped. Chief among these are cahals; steam : navigation, railroads, express companies, the . post-office, the newspaper preSs, and that ter rible agent of good and eil triixed-;-" spirit of health, and yet goblini damned if" free, the gentlest minister of ruin and liberty; wbeil " enslaved, the supplest instrument of falsehood and tyranny tne magnetic telegraph; v All these have multiplied the speed or the quantity of trade, travel, communication, migration and intercourse of all kinds between tbe differ-" ent States and sections ; and thuV io long as : a healthy condition of the body-politic con tinr " ned, they became powerful cementing agencies of union. - The numerous voluntary as- . ciation8, artistic," literary, charitable, social and scientific until corrupted and made fanatical; the Various ecclesiastical ! organizations,- . tintil they divided; and the political parties.-so long as they remained all national .and not sectional, were5 also ' among- the strong ties which boundmj together. VAnd yet. all of . these, perverted and abused for some years ib the bands of bad or' fanatical men; became still more powerful instrumentalities in' the fatal work of disunion; just as the veins and arteries of the human body; designed to con vey the vitalizing fluid through every partef-it, will carry also, and with increased, rapidity it may be, the subtle poison" which takes lite away. . Nor is this all. It was through their agency tbat the iroprisoned winds' of civil war were all let loose- at first -'With such sudden:-and appalling fury ; and, kept in .motion - fey political power; they have ministered to that fury ever since; - :But, potent alike for good and evil; they may - yet, under the coatrol of the people, and la the" hands' of Wise, good and patriotic men, be made the most effecti ve agencies, under Providence, in' the' reu.njo'aof these Statea. . ,:- . ' - -i Other ties also, less material ii their haFur but hardly les persuasive, have grown tip an-der the.Unibn Lonr as-jociation.a eommOo history, national reputation," treaties'and dip-' lomatic intercourse abroad," admission of heW Sutesa ' cororoon?arispradence,'- great med whose names and fame are pa trim1 any ot the whole v cbantryi - patriotic music and ; so&S; common battle-fields, ;atfd "glory" won under . the same flag -these rrake ;p -the 'poetry of Unionj.and yet, as in tbfefTharriag'eTelatidn and the family with similar " influences they " are stronger than hooks of steel. He '.Was a wise'etatesraanrtbough be may' never -have held ah office," who said,' . Let me' write the" songs of a people, and I care not who makes their laws. - Whyi is the' Ifarseillaise prof hibited in France? Sir; Hail Colnmbiaand the Star Spangled BanBer Pennsylvania five j us" One and" Maryland the c4herha'itiAae-more for the Union than all the legislatioh'-and all tbe debates 4a this Capitol . for tortr- tears; and thef will df more' yet again thea - million of men into the field. - Sir,' i.'Wbhld add f -Yankee Doodl;T; but first let fDe-?ba Sssared ' that - Yankee ' Doodl loves Jthe Union more that he hates" tbtt slavehold- er.w j . '- - And now, sir, T jinpose "To mnr consider the causes which led disunion and the present civil war; and inquire whether they are eternal --and eradlcablB in- 4heir nalnre. and at the" sanfe" tifte bbWerfal nong1i to overcome all tne causes ana coBsiaerauoue voica unpet w reanioiu- i;J -. ' Having two years '.ago discaesed" folly' ard elaborately tli more .abstruse and jmota. causes whence, civil- c'omnwtioris- in all - gov-' - ernrrienfs, and tboe also -wnich "are peculiar, to bur rfom'ple and Federal systemV achfe aa the-cOTsolidaiintr lendencier of the C&easral Gro'verhmenJ; because of executive power and r ..--1 1--.. - ..i. a. ij J9..'l ..iW ..4 ishoTsemenf nersily.all ahjost and borden s6n?e.t3he West aalIy itJa- th Sooth, I Hdli thfemr-bw-tioHrV t-r.;'rf 'vV-'-lw V- carrte of 6'sahion. atra thia civilwarT JSlsivery, it i aiw wered;'- Bir; th-av tte tz uoaopaj or. lirm we a the ckuse of the war. sllad thers been 5 :&la iTberel this -wtrticnhtr War -ab- ' f. it err. e-7- woaia never ns w ws. - theilbTy Sepfafchei' Was tiie ' r: 2 c t bf the Cruaades; 'and: haii-Tiv. 1 cr-C -ense, . war 2e s :?ea" nev?r existed, there jierrr Tre; ;r crUirtliiiria:-! - J r. 1 1 1-T 4 - 3 -vt . Ilaid ct ZZnta& wcI etc? Lave l:;z t . :tra-wri8 1 n therustidln ILeciaj' -war. a rresv c"? H Vhe nignt is laek of the suTd." CertainlyIa-w-oi?nrri"Be"naevery obscare ind?c i caflBriUAai-aifcottjtii -I - " , - V - S' indelu Jaess, a" eTsteot of taxatlc dire ' '....- . - v ; - : ..,...-.!; ... -