When parents' main concern was their child's academic
performance, they often chose medications as the treatment of
choice, but if parents were more worried about their child's
behavior they tended to opt for behavioral therapy as an initial
treatment.

"If clinicians can bring evidence to parents, and parents can share their values and goals with their child's doctor, the decision-making process can be easier and it's likely to yield better outcomes," said the study's author, Dr. Alexander Fiks, an assistant professor of pediatrics at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania.

Still, Fiks said he was surprised that the treatment choices
were so distinctly divided. "I don't know that I expected the
choices to be so clear-cut," he said.

Results of the study were published online Sept. 2 and in the
October print issue of the journal
Pediatrics.

ADHD is a common brain disorder, according to the U.S. National
Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Symptoms include an inability to
pay attention or focus, being easily distracted, frequent
daydreaming, trouble concentrating, difficulty completing
schoolwork, talking all the time and an inability to sit still for
long periods, according to the NIMH.

Treatment for ADHD may include medications, behavioral therapy
or both, according to the NIMH.

"Both medication and behavior therapy are considered first-line treatments for children between the ages of 6 to 12, and many people will suggest a multi-modal treatment. But, families often start out with one treatment or the other. If you don't do well with the first-line treatment, you should try the other," explained Dr. Andrew Adesman, chief of developmental and behavioral pediatrics at the Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York in New Hyde Park.

For his study, Fiks and his colleagues recruited 148 parents or
guardians of children between the ages of 6 and 12 who had been
diagnosed with ADHD. Fiks said that they accepted parents of
children who were already receiving treatments, as well as those
just choosing a treatment for the first time. However, they did
exclude parents of children who were already receiving a
combination of medications and behavioral therapy.

The researchers developed and validated the ADHD Preference and
Goal Instrument, a tool to measure the preferences and goals of
parents of children with ADHD.

If parents were most concerned about their child's performance
at school, they were more than twice as likely to choose
medications as their child's first treatment. If, on the other
hand, a parent was most concerned with the behavioral problems
associated with ADHD, that parent was 60 percent more likely to
choose behavioral therapy for their child.

After six months, the parents of the children who had initiated
their treatment of choice had lower academic and behavioral goals.
"If the goals are a little less strong, those parents may be more
likely to have met their goals," said Fiks.

"Our findings highlight the importance of talking about goals. If people feel like they've been heard and valued, they feel like the treatment is working toward something they care about," noted Fiks.

"This approach could help with conditions like asthma, where there are multiple treatments. Starting with a family's goals could really be a big innovation in care," said Fiks.

Like Fiks, Adesman said he was "surprised to see such a distinct
delineation with treatment choices."

He said he was particularly surprised that parents of children
with behavior issues were more likely to choose behavioral therapy.
While behavior therapy is effective, he said, it requires multiple
appointments and can take a little bit longer to bring about a
change in behavior.

"These are often the parents I find more receptive to medication," he added.

Fiks thought that parents might see behavior problems as
distinct from medical problems. "When parents think about behavior
problems as non-medical, then non-medical treatments might seem
more acceptable," he noted.

Both experts thought that involving the parents in the
decision-making would likely lead to more parent participation in
the chosen treatment, which could improve treatment outcomes.

"This study drives home the importance of soliciting family preferences around treatment options, and pediatricians would be well-advised to engage parents and try to elicit any treatment preferences and biases they may have," said Adesman.

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.