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PART IV: SOCIAL HARMONY:STRONG FAMILIES AND A STRONG SOCIETY 221. BUILDING A HEALTHY CO‐OPERATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN 22 a. HEALTHY INTERACTION IN THE SANCTITY OF MARRIAGE 22 b. PROMOTING A TRANQUIL SOCIETY – DRESS CODE 22 c. PREVENTING THE OBJECTIFICATION OF WOMEN 22 d. SHARIAH PROTECTS THE MARRIED AND UNMARRIED WOMAN 22 e. RIGHT TO WORK & THE RIGHT TO BE A HOUSEWIFE 23 f. REQUIREMENT FOR CONTRIBUTION OF WOMEN TO PUBLIC LIFE 232. FAMILY AND THE STRONG FUTURE OF THE STATE 23 a. MARRIAGE & CHILDREN 23 b. KITH AND KIN 23 c. TRANSPARENT INHERITANCE LAWS 233. PROGRESS THROUGH EDUCATION 244. EFFECTIVE AFFORDABLE HEALTHCARE 24PART V: REALISTIC AND PRACTICALTRANSITION TO AN ISLAMIC STATE 251. NO VIOLATION OF SHARIAH IN TRANSITION TO ISLAMIC STATE 252. A 3 PHASED APPROACH ‐ PRIORITISATION AND REUTILISATION 253. PHASE 1 CRITICAL REFORM 26 a. EXECUTIVE 26 b. FINANCE & ECONOMY 26 c. POLITICAL REPRESENTATION 27 d. JUDICIARY 27 e. MEDIA 27 f. APPEAL TO MUSLIMS LIVING IN THE WEST AND REST OF THE WORLD 284. PHASE 2 & PHASE 3 REFORM 28PART VI: CONCLUSION 29APPENDIX A ‐ Deriving modern policy framework from the Islamic legal sources 30APPENDIX B ‐ Hizb‐ut‐Tahrir Published Books 33 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change III

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PART 1: INTRODUCTION1. BACKGROUNDNo one can fail to be inspired by the courage of the Muslims in the Middle East. 2011 saw this couragespill over into the streets in the form of deﬁance in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Syria. Thoughsome despots have been replaced and some elections carried out: the struggles are far from over.The deﬁance of the people was aimed at tyrannical rulers, at Western manipulation and fundamentallyagainst the appalling systems in our Muslim countries, which have consistently failed to deliver eventhe most basic needs for our citizens.Despite the ongoing deﬁance we still have tyrannical rulers, we still have Western manipulation and westill have systems in place that not only don’t deliver basic needs but in fact encourage despotism andWestern interference.This is all at a time when Western democratic capitalism is undergoing a profound crisis in economicand political legitimacy. Massive debt instability is coupled with increasing voter disillusionment anddisenfranchisement from the democratic political process.Islam is a diﬀerent ideology which oﬀers a comprehensive and superior set of solutions from theShariah to manage the issues of a modern society.The Shariah is legislation derived from 4 key sources of Islam: Quran, Sunnah, Ijma as‐Sahaba(consensus of the companions) and Qiyas (analogical reasoning). It’s application and direction isfocussed on managing the interaction of people in society and it promotes and is in harmony with anylevel of technological advancement.In fact only Shariah solutions are uniquely aligned with the religion, values, customs and traditions ofthe Muslim people, irrespective of nationality.Hizb‐ut‐Tahrir has for decades patiently explained how the Islamic Shariah has the mostcomprehensive and powerful set of political, economic and social solutions that have ever beenimplemented. The Shariah frees and mobilises resources, money and people in a way that isunparalleled by any other set of measures either ancient or modern.In this document we aim to demonstrate what a real Islamic political programme for Muslim countriesshould look like and how we could implement it if we were entrusted with power.The implementation of failed and failing Western models can neither solve our problems nor cater forthe needs of our societies. Indeed for Muslims it would be tragic to combine the mistake of ignoringthe superior delivery of Islams political, social and economic models with the greater mistake ofdisobeying Allah(swt), the Creator Himself. How can that path end in anything but misfortune andignominy?Islamic political structures secure optimised principles of political, economic and social approach that 1 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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cannot be overturned by a malicious or ignorant ruler. The rules themselves lock in a guarantee ofdelivering progress because the architect of these rules is Allah (swt) himself. Compare this to thehollow guarantees we are seeing oﬀered by those who would claim to build a future for Muslimcountries.Shariah structures ensure that no matter how bad the rulers, there is an absolute limit to the damagethey can do, because rulers cannot change or ignore Shariah rules without the Muslims being obligedto overthrow them. The evil of people and their actions is reduced by the Islamic system and their goodis enhanced.The Western system guarantees that no matter how good or altruistic the people are, the system forcesdecision making to favour selﬁsh, short term, individual interests over the interests of society and thenation. The evil actions of people are rewarded by the Western system and their good actions areexploited.Close adherence to the detailed Shariah rules in a society results in the protection or promotion of anumber of critical ideals: human life, intellect, property, lineage, faith, security and the State.It is time for us to stop ignoring, circumventing and lacking conﬁdence in the Shariah and instead timefor us to release its tremendous power and mobilise our countries.Finally, let us remember that one of the reasons that Islamic solutions are designed to achieve a strong,prosperous and uniﬁed state, is linked to the fundamental purpose of the Muslim Ummah.For only a strong, prosperous and uniﬁed state can carry out the mission of Dawah, to the whole ofmankind, that Allah (swt) has entrusted the Muslims with; a mission that is beautifully stated in thefollowing verse of the Holy Quran: "You are the best of the nations raised up for (the beneﬁt of)mankind, you enjoin what is right and forbid the wrong and believe in Allah". TMQ 3.102. THE PROBLEMS OF A TYPICAL MUSLIM COUNTRYAll Muslim countries whether in the Middle East or elsewhere suﬀer from the same core set ofproblems. To illustrate this consider the case of Egypt. The picture for Turkey, Pakistan or indeed anyother Muslim country would look near enough the same with some minor variation. Egypt: A Case Study i. Political ‐ Widespread corruption ‐ Daily violations of human dignity – physical assault, verbal abuse, police/security service torture and brutality, detention/imprisonment/arrest without trial of thousands of youth ‐ Declined regional and international standing ‐ History of opposing Muslims in other neighbouring areas e.g. occupied Palestine. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 2

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ii. Economic ‐ Wealth disparity – 2000 businessmen with 24% Egypt’s national income = 200 billion Egyptian pounds ‐ 20% of population classiﬁed as under the poverty line ‐ Dependent on imports for food, energy and other strategic goods ‐ Over 12% of the labour force unemployed ‐ more than 3 million people ‐ Public debt in excess of 1 trillion Egyptian pounds, 63% of government expenditure ‐ High inﬂation with prices outstripping income iii. Health ‐ 8 million children Hep C; 29% of under 5 year olds in Egypt have stunted growth; 29% children anaemic ‐ 26% plus Egyptians illiterate ‐ Estimated 12% of youth addicted to drugs iv. Education ‐ No Egyptian University in the top 500 in the world ‐ Ranked 129/134 in terms of quality of pre‐university education v. Social ‐ 5.4 million of marriages ending in divorce due to poverty, unemployment, crippling personal status laws ‐ 11 million plus young men and women unmarried causing a rise in illicit relationships and consequent illicit births – babies deprived of stable families3 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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3. PROPOSALS FROM OTHER POLITICAL PARTIESIt is astonishing, given the situation described above, to consider the proposals made for improvementby a range of political parties in Muslim countries. Whether looking at secular parties or so called"Islamist" parties, their programmes seem to be united by the following characteristics: ‐ A continued adherence to the crisis ridden Western democratic model without any consideration of its demonstrated ﬂaws. ‐ An absence of a robust plan to address either the crippling levels of debt or currency and price instability. ‐ A list of ambitious economic and social development programmes without any detail on how the government will be empowered to pay for these programmes. ‐ An absence of a realistic plan for empowering an executive strong enough to make positive change and accounting structures strong enough to keep the executive in check. ‐ Minimal mention of Islam, defaulting to meaningless generalisations when it is mentioned. ‐ Subordination of Islam to a secular constitution rather than subordination of an Islamic constitution to the Shariah. ‐ A total lack of understanding and faith in how Islamic economic, political and social solutions can deliver what is missing in our countries.4. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS AND ISLAMIC EVIDENCESThis suggested policy document should be read along with the many books Hizb ut‐Tahrir hasproduced, which extensively detail the Islamic evidences from the Quran and the Sunnah of ourProphet (saw) from which these principles and policies have been derived. A list of books is providedin the Appendix. In particular Muqaddimah Al‐Dustoor, a 2 volume detailed draft Islamic constitutionfrom Hizb‐ut‐Tahrir, relating each article to the Islamic evidences from which it is derived. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 4

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PART II: THE ECONOMYEMPOWERING INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESS AND GOVERNMENT1. KEY THEMES a. THE SHARIAH FREES WEALTH BY ELIMINATING INTEREST (RIBA)Islam categorically prohibits riba at any interest rate in all its forms. And when one looks at the impactof interest based loans on the economy (as we do in the following subsections) then one canimmediately see the damage it causes and the relief to the economy of removing it. i. CRIPPLING DEBT – IMMEDIATE ELIMINATION OF THE INTEREST (RIBA) BASED ECONOMYThe Egyptian government for example spends 63% of its revenue in debt repayments most of which ispayment of interest on the underlying loans. 20% of this debt is owed to foreign institutions and 80%to domestic institutions.Payments will be ceased on all outstanding interest based loans subject to investigation.The original loan agreements will be reviewed to determine their legitimacy based on principles suchas whether they were undertaken in a responsible manner or whether the funds were siphoned topersonal accounts. Those loans considered for repayment where the interest paid to date exceeds thecapital, will be deemed repaid and no further payments will be made. For those where this is not thecase then only the remaining principal amount will be paid on a timescale suitable to the strategicinterests of the State. ii. PREVENT THE ONE WAY MONEY FLOWS TO LENDERSIn an interest based debt economy the lender is not taking any substantial risk as the law guaranteeshis return. The borrower may be a start‐up company that is taking all the risk in a business venture. Theventure may succeed or fail but the lender will still get his money. This violates a clear principle ofeconomic morality in the Shariah: the principle being that commercial transactions must couple theopportunity to make proﬁt with the risk of making a loss. An interest based lender receives his proﬁt onthe loan without taking a real commercial risk, as secular law guarantees he gets his money back andthe law reduces the risk of default. The dangerous consequence is that over time all the wealth insociety ﬂows to the interest based lenders. This fact is painfully apparent when looking at the mostadvanced Western economies, where wealth is continually being concentrated in the hands of thebanking sector and multinationals. 5 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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iii. RIBA INCENTIVISES LENDING WITH FRAUDAnother consequence of interest based lending is that it incentivises lending more than you actuallyhave to lend, this is in itself regarded by the Shariah as fraudulent (even if the loan wasnt based oninterest). With a currency that is not backed by any asset like gold or silver, banks and government areliterally able to create money out of thin air when making loans. This expands and destabilises themoney supply, constantly devaluing the currency and consistently reducing the value of savings andsalaries. The banks again make risk free proﬁts while the rest of society has its wealth eroded.Additionally debt based growth results in the destructive boom‐bust cycle that causes untold miseryand is characteristic of the capitalist macroeconomic model. b. STABILISING MONEY SUPPLY & PRICESHistorically the banks of nations that had paper currency fully backed by gold/silver were tempted toprint more paper currency than they actually had assets to back, so that they could spend and lend thismoney out at interest. This resulted in more paper money in circulation than assets to back it. Thusthey moved to currencies unlinked from assets and an era of unstable prices along with currencies thatcould be easily destabilised and manipulated by both governments and speculators.The Shariah mandates a currency that is fully backed by gold and silver.The state currency would be reverted immediately to a gold and silver standard by either issuing newpaper currency or backing the existing paper currency with gold/silver at a rate determined by thegovernment and taking into account factors such as the countrys gold/silver reserves.The money supply would consequently be stabilised with a knock on stabilisation eﬀect on prices ofgoods in the domestic market. c. LOW TAXATION PROMOTING ENTERPRISE & WEALTH GENERATIONThe Shariah philosophy on taxation is that the government should be prevented from imposing taxeson citizens and businesses in arbitrary manner. Consequently all forms of indirect taxation such assales tax etc are illegitimate.The main form of taxation is a wealth tax that is taken solely on the surplus, unused wealth of citizens.This creates an incentive to spend or invest this surplus wealth which has a positive eﬀect on theeconomy, reducing the burden on government ﬁnances.Thus citizens including business owners are encouraged to earn and spend their wealth rather thanhave the drive for work and enterprise crushed by a heavy tax burden.Again the wisdom of the Shariah is apparent when one notes that most current government taxes areused to fund debt repayments and ineﬃcient or corrupt administrations. d. GUARANTEEING BASIC NEEDSThe Shariah guarantees basic needs for every citizen by obliging every able bodied person to work toearn a living wage for themselves and their dependents. The Shariah obliges children or other heirs tosupport parents if they are unable to work. It also encourages neighbours and community to supporteach other. Finally for those who are genuinely unable to obtain support through the means above,the government steps in with funds from the State Treasury. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 6

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e. ENABLING THE CONSTRUCTIVE PURSUIT OF WEALTHNeither relentless consumerism nor an extreme ascetic lifestyle are endorsed by Islam. The Shariahholds no principled objection to the individual pursuing as many of the luxuries of life as he is ableand creates the economic environment to facilitate this. Intervention is only from the perspective ofpreventing the pursuit and acquisition of commodities that Islam deﬁnes as harmful for society such asalcohol or usury. In doing so the Shariah rules ensure that society is protected. f. ENSURING THE CIRCULATION & DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTHAs we shall see the Shariah has a variety of means to guarantee the circulation and distribution ofwealth, ranging from taxation of excess wealth, to incentivising spending, through to preventinghoarding of wealth and preventing risk free commercial transactions like interest based lending. Theseand other measures ensure that wealth does not end up in the hands of the few as is the case in Egyptand indeed all Muslim and non‐Muslim countries of the world.2. ENABLING GOVERNMENT a. FREEING GOVERNMENT EXPENDITUREThe government in Egypt spends more than 60% of the revenue it collects in debt repayments. Thisamounts to over 120 billion Egyptian pounds annually.The government expenditure model will be reformed to a Shariah framework in order to targetavailable funds optimally as the State requires ‐ eliminating illegal expenditure such as interest debtrepayments and focussing the remaining funds on the critical needs of the State.Signiﬁcant burden on government resources would be removed immediately by the cessation ofpayments on interest based loans.The Shariah prohibits subsidies, which prop up ineﬃcient and unproductive businesses. Food subsidiesare unnecessary due to aforementioned mechanisms for price stabilisation and reduced taxation. InEgypt this would free 30 billion EGP of government expenditure.Ending subsidies will release government funds to target assistance to those people who have nodependents and other speciﬁc areas where the Shariah has obliged a priority or a focus e.g. schools,hospitals and infrastructure. b. STABILISING GOVERNMENT REVENUEThe Shariah speciﬁes a wide range of sources for government revenue. The government willtransform the revenue model to collect funds from the ample and diverse range of Shariah sources.These are more than adequate to allow the government to fulﬁl its role of looking after citizens and ofspreading Islam, without imposing crippling taxes on the people.The Shariah deﬁnes the following sources of government revenue that would be immediately availableto the state: i. Zakat ‐ an excess wealth tax set at 2.5% above a minimum amount (nisab) applicable to all citizens including business owners. 7 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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ii. Kharaj – a tax on the productive capacity of land. E.g. Egypt has over 3 million hectares of arable land that is more than enough to supply Egypt’s population given the appropriate high yield technology. iii. Energy/Minerals ‐ Revenue from the mining of minerals and the extraction of fossil fuels. E.g. Again Egypt has around 4.4 billion barrels of proven oil reserves coupled with 2.1 trillion cubic metres of proven gas reserves. iv. Jizya ‐ A nominal, means tested, head tax for non‐Muslims (excluding women, children, the inﬁrm and the elderly) exempting them from other taxation. This would be set at a value that promotes community cohesion and the loyalty of the non Muslim citizens of the state. v. Emergency surplus wealth taxation – as a last resort, if the need arises, a temporary tax can be levied against the very rich in society.3. DISTRIBUTING WEALTH & PROTECTING THE PUBLIC INTEREST a. WEALTH DISTRIBUTION AND PREVENTING HOARDING OF MONEYThe state is obliged to ensure there is an economic equilibrium in society such that each individual hasthe means to access wealth.The disparity between the ultra‐rich and the wider society is acute in Egypt, because the Capitalistsystem inevitably traps wealth amongst an elite. This is accentuated where wealth and access to wealthare unfairly allocated based on nepotism and patronage. All the rest of society is eﬀectivelydisenfranchised.In this situation the government needs to break this stranglehold. Illegal acquisition of wealth,property and resources will be reversed. The Shariah also prohibits the hoarding of money (gold andsilver in the case of the Islamic State). This refers to wealthy individuals who accumulate moneywithout spending it, regardless of whether or not they pay Zakat. Hoarding reduces the money supplybe removing money from circulation. This means less spending, less demand for goods, less productionand thus more unemployment.The Shariah recognises the relationship between hoarding money and damaging the economy and soprohibits it completely. This necessitates disclosure of excess wealth and the investigation andprosecution of citizens who attempt to hoard money.Shariah inheritance laws ensure wealth is precisely broken up and distributed amongst deﬁned familyrather than being transferred to favoured individuals. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 8

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b. ADMINISTERING NATIONAL ASSETS IN THE PUBLIC INTERESTAll Shariah deﬁned national assets will be brought under government ownership or oversight. This isnot carte blanche nationalisation since the Shariah classiﬁes resources such as water sources, pasture,forestry, minerals and energy sources as national or public assets, and it clearly identiﬁes the classes ofassets and companies that the government cannot nationalise.It is quite clearly not in the public interest to allow private individuals to own and exploit these criticalproperties by holding the public to ransom. The Shariah obliges the government to reclaim strategicproperties and associated assets and to administer them on behalf of the public.Also included in this are items of infrastructure that are critical to the public interest such as roads,waterways, communications infrastructure, schools and hospitals. The community cannot do withoutthese. Consequently the Shariah obliges the government to maintain oversight here in such a way thatsuﬃcient of these resources remain in non‐private hands, in order that the public interest is preserved.The government would be required to take a view and if necessary conﬁscate assets and thenadminister them on behalf of the public. c. PROTECTING AGAINST CORPORATE MONOPOLYThe Shariah makes it illegal for an individual or company or group of companies to seek to corner themarket in a product and then use this position to inﬂate prices. The government will investigate andprosecute those attempting to monopolise the market and break up existing monopolies.In Egypt for example in the steel industry 67% of the local market share is held by one company whilst2 private companies control the entire mobile phone industry.Dismantling monopolies would also provide business opportunities by opening market access. d. PREVENT CORPORATE DAMAGE TO SOCIETAL VALUESWhilst business in general is encouraged by the Shariah, businesses trading in prohibited goods andservices or those leading to public harm will be required to cease such activities by the government.TourismGovernment will dramatically increase other sources of revenue and it is envisaged that this will dwarfthe volume of tourism based revenue. The tourist industry will be encouraged to showcase the societyof the Islamic State but it will in no way be allowed to defy the Shariah by promoting alcoholconsumption, nudity on beaches and other socially polluting activities. There is no legitimate rationaleto allow tourism some form of exception and to build a countrys economy on tourism as a mainstay isan example of extremely poor and short term policy making. 9 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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4. ECONOMIC POWER TO THE CITIZEN a. TOWARDS ELIMINATING POVERTY AND HUNGERThe government is obliged by the Shariah to target the elimination of poverty by placing the fullresources of the state towards this end.A comprehensive poverty elimination programme would be put in place immediately, as detailedbelow.Anyone without food and other basic needs will be able to contact a local department where theresponsibility for assistance will be allocated in the following order: 1. Establishing that the individual is unable to work or otherwise unable to support himself 2. Determine why immediate family have not assisted 3. Assess the ability of neighbours and the local community to assist 4. Failing all these State Treasury funds will be made availableIt is worth pointing out that the Shariah allows a hungry person who cannot aﬀord food to take foodfrom a shop or market without payment and without punishment. Muslim citizens cannot accept that asingle individual (Muslim or non‐Muslim) be in poverty even for a day. b. GETTING RID OF THE TAX BURDENCitizens pay a huge amount of tax via sales and income taxes which siphon resources from theeconomy. This taxation is grossly unfair as it does not take into account the spending needs of theperson. The taxation regime will be simpliﬁed with immediate eﬀect with most people paying onlyZakat on excess unspent wealth above the nisab at the end of the year – the poor will pay NO taxes.E.g. In Egypt EGP 92.4 billion (approx. USD 16.22 billion) is collected annually in income tax.This money would be available to spend for citizens including business owners ‐ they would beincentivised to earn more and spend more thus boosting economic activity, by the imposition ofhoarding penalties. c. MAXIMISING EMPLOYMENT AND ENTERPRISEThe government policy will reﬂect the Shariah motivation for every able bodied person to either workor trade to support themselves and their families.The government would not accept over 3 million people from the labour force unemployed as is thecase today in Egypt. Education, training and start‐up funds will be provided to achieve the full earningpotential of each citizen.The Shariah does not permit an able bodied individual to neglect ﬁnancial obligations to themselvesand their families. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 10

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5. PROMOTING BUSINESS a. LOW TAXATION FOR ENTERPRISEThe Shariah removes anti‐business taxes such as corporation tax, so that entrepreneurs areencouraged to spend and invest excess funds by expanding their business and creating employment.Just like any other citizen business owners will have to spend or invest their proﬁts or face zakat tax andpotential hoarding penalties. b. BUILDING VITAL INFRASTRUCTURE FOR BUSINESSThere will be a public works programme to build adequate infrastructure in energy, transport andcommunications in order to develop a thriving economy. This type of infrastructure is the lifeblood ofthe nation and the delivery here needs to be on a timescale of years not decades. c. THE VIBRANT REAL ECONOMY AGAINST A FALSE FINANCIAL ECONOMYThe Shariah recognises that investment money should go to businesses for commerce rather thangoing to banks to earn risk free interest or invested in complex ﬁnancial instruments that are vehiclesfor interest (riba). Consequently the banking and ﬁnancial sector will be immediately required toclose interest debt and speculation based activity, and transform their business models to focus on aventure capital and consultancy based model of channelling investor funds. Given the innovations inShariah compliant ﬁnancial products, this transformation is well within the capabilities of the ﬁnancialsector.The treasury will deal with bank clearing activities however the private sector may also participate.The overall eﬀect will be that excess earned wealth will be channelled straight back into businesses. d. TARGETED GOVERNMENT GRANTSGovernment grants will be directed preferentially to those sections of the private sector that can assistwith the development of strategic industry such as defence, machine tools, infrastructure, energy andagriculture. e. RESPONSIBLE PROFIT SHARING COMPANY STRUCTURESThe Shariah encourages a multiplicity of proﬁt sharing partnerships(mudharaba/inan/abdan/mufawaddah) which share and handle risk responsibly. This is in contrast withCapitalist limited liability structures which allow the owners of businesses to take irresponsible riskswhilst being able to walk away from the consequences. This violates their obligations to ‐ and causesimmense ﬁnancial diﬃculty for ‐ creditors, customers and employees.Companies will be immediately required to transform their company shareholding structures intoIslamic ones and will be assisted in doing so. 11 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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6. PROMOTING AGRICULTURE a. DEVELOPING UNUTILISED LANDThe Shariah confers ownership rights on anyone who fences oﬀ undeveloped land for the purposesof agriculture. This promotes the eﬃcient and productive use of unutilised land. The government willfacilitate this by creating land registries, grants, training and developing rural infrastructure. b. REASSIGNING OWNERSHIP OF UNUSED FARMLANDThe Shariah requires the government to either force landowners to utilise unused agricultural land –allowing a maximum of 3 years grace ‐ or to conﬁscate and reallocate it to those who will.This will be enforced retrospectively once the Islamic State is established. Suitable managementtraining and assistance will be given should the land be transferred to new owners. c. BANNING EXPLOITATIVE LEASING OF FARMLANDLeasing farmland violates the Shariah principle of proﬁt being coupled with risk. The government willprotect the rights of farm workers by ordering the immediate elimination of farmland leasingagreements. The landowner can either sell the land to the tenant, or employ the tenant or arrange aproﬁt sharing agreement. This will have a massive transformative impact by widening agricultural landownership, eliminating bonded labour and dismantling the modern day feudal system.7. THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF SADAQAHCharity whether donating or interest‐free loans is highly recommended in Islam – simultaneouslyreleasing, circulating and redistributing wealth.The government will promote the creation of a large and vibrant charities sector in order to channelthe public desire to seek their Creators pleasure into projects that assist communities.8. STRATEGIC ENGAGEMENT WITH THE GLOBAL ECONOMY a. SELF SUFFICIENCYThe government will maintain a favourable international trading stance by encouraging domesticindustry and agriculture particularly in strategic goods such as food, cotton etc. An approach will betaken which eliminates critical dependency on international trade for the state whilst allowing it toﬂourish.There will be no unilateral imposition of tariﬀ controls, however the government reserves theShariah right to impose reciprocal border tariﬀs for foreign traders based on treaty.The Shariah dictates that domestic companies engaging internationally should be unimpeded byregulation and export taxes.Clearly the movement of prohibited goods into the country will be blocked. As will the movement ofgoods out of the country that could assist the enemies of the Islamic State such as certain weaponry oroil to an enemy with which there is an active war. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 12

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b. AN INTEGRATED ECONOMYThe Shariah recognises that the uniﬁcation of Muslim lands one by one produces economies ofscale, which should be a political target. For example Egyptian labour, coupled with Sudaneseagricultural wealth coupled with Libyan energy resources ‐ these combine to form the makings of aregional and then global power. c. LEVERAGING RAW MATERIALS, LAND & LABOURThe government will leverage the concentration of agricultural, mineral and energy resources inMuslim lands to extract favourable international trading terms that secure strategic objectives. d. IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGEThe state will move to a fully gold/silver backed currency along with eliminating any interest baseddebt obligations, thus: • Preventing predatory currency speculation and ﬁnancial market volatility • Promoting domestic price stabilityThis will in turn facilitate international trade and create a stable domestic investment environment.Government bonds at interest will of course no longer exist nor will the markets in shares of limitedliability companies thus further insulating against international markets. 13 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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PART III: POLITICSACCOUNTABLE GOVERNANCE, REPRESENTATION AND JUSTICE1. AN EFFECTIVE VISIONARY EXECUTIVEThe Shariah puts extensive executive powers in the hands of the Khaleefah thus empowering him tomake radical and far‐reaching decisions in the long term interests of the people. There is a contract(bayah) between the people and the Khaleefah, where the people pledge obedience and the Khaleefahpledges to rule by Islam. The Khaleefah is appointed by election in all but one exceptional emergency circumstance. Thepresent day constitutes such a circumstance ‐ a total absence of Islamic rule. Today the ﬁrst personwho fulﬁls the Shariah conditions and acquires power in a Muslim country, where there is popularsupport for an Islamic State, will automatically be appointed by the power brokers in the country. Whistthe situation for the ﬁrst Khaleefah is less than the normal electoral ideal required by the Shariah, it isthe Shariah itself that mandates this exception.Notwithstanding this exception, the mandate of the ﬁrst Khaleefah will be based on the desire of thepeople for Islam and his ability and political will to fulﬁl this. Should he fail to live up to this, theMadhalim Court will remove him and fresh elections will be held.He is appointed to a life term subject to maintaining certain conditions such as competence andadherence to the Shariah. He is consequently protected from corporate lobbying and the manipulationof international powers.Since the Shariah has speciﬁed the solutions that the Khaleefah needs to apply, then in that respect hisjob is more straightforward than that of rulers that use a ﬂuctuating, ever changing set of solutions togovern the country. The Khaleefah’s responsibilities are detailed exhaustively within multiple Shariahevidences and the delivery of all the Shariah solutions in an optimal and eﬀective way is ultimately theresponsibility of the Khaleefah.He will appoint governors to run each province, the head of the judiciary, the head of the armed forcesand the head of the civil service.2. MULTIPLE MEANS OF ACCOUNTING THE EXECUTIVEWith such a strong executive the Shariah puts strong constraints on him so that the beneﬁt of astrong, visionary leader can be maintained, whilst protecting against the ever present possibility ofthe abuse of power and corruption.Removing an incompetent ruler is straightforward.A broad set of checks and balances will be set up to provide a strong counter‐balance to executiveabuse:• SHARIAH – The Shariah itself must be adhered to by the Khaleefah in his ruling. He cannotmake something prohibited legal and remain in power e.g. he cannot allow torture or run an interestbased economy and remain in power. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 14

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• UMMAH ‐ RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENSHIP – The Shariah requires that the people areeducated as to the responsibilities of citizenship in that they should support the leader, account himharshly if he strays from Islam and confront him if he openly abandons Islamic ruling. The citizens arethe ﬁrst and last line of defence to protect the Islamic State and its solutions and they should seethemselves in this light.• MADHALIM COURT (COURT FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF UNJUST/INCOMPETENT RULING) –the Madhalim judges have both extensive resources and powers to proactively scrutinise and removeeither the Khaleefah or his governors should wrongdoing be proved or to investigate any public harmthat has occurred as a result of decisions made by the ruling apparatus. The Khaleefah is not permittedby the Shariah to interfere in the Madhalim process when the Khaleefah himself is the subject of theinvestigation.• SCHOLARS/ULEMAH – Independent scholars provide Islamic rulings and their discussion is notunder the jurisdiction of the Khaleefah. The Ulemah are fundamentally charged to scrutinise andcorrect the Khaleefah on his understanding and adoption of the Shariah rules.• THE COUNCIL OF THE UMMAH – The Shariah mandates that the Khaleefah seeks consultationfrom the people. The Council of the Ummah constrains the Khaleefah in his decision making on a widevariety of issues including his selection of staﬀ such as governors, civil servants and assistants. Thisprovides a strong check and balance against a trend to tyranny, corruption or incompetence.• POLITICAL PARTIES – an unrestricted number of political parties, that support the principle ofthe Islamic system, are encouraged to form and to acquire seats in the Council of the Ummah in orderto account the Khaleefah and oﬀer consultation.• INDEPENDENT MEDIA ‐ Media organisations should view scrutiny and accountability ofgovernment as one of their central roles.3. SHARIAH IMPARTIALITY, JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE AND LEGISLATIVE STABILITYThe ruler cannot take rules that are not from the Shariah. He cannot modify the Shariah. He has totake all his solutions from Islam and show that he has done so or face censure and potential dismissal.The Shariah itself has a rich structure and is able to accommodate and provide solutions by analogy toany and every new potential issue. This provides a considerable amount of stability to legislation in the political, economic and socialsphere. Indeed the pillars of Islamic solutions such as a non‐usury based economy or a fully backedcurrency, or the rights of minority citizens are not up for discussion by either the ruler or the people.They cannot therefore be tampered with for political expedience.Crime categories, punishment categories, taxation laws, election laws, international trading laws tomention but a few are built upon consistent Shariah principles.This stability prevents the executive from making fundamental errors in economic, political or socialareas and focuses it on eﬀective and practical implementation.The judiciary abides by the Khaleefahs adoption of Shariah rules regarding Islamic solutions in thestate as opposed to the Khaleefah’s arbitrary decision. The Shariah essentially limits the excesses ofstate and rulers. 15 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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4. RULE OF LAWA head judge will be appointed by the Khaleefah to whom the Khaleefah could delegate the powerto appoint the remaining judges in the judiciary. a. SPECIALISED JUDICIARYThe head judge will then appoint the following 3 categories of judges ‐ retraining existing judges asappropriate: 1. Judges (Qadi) ‐ dealing with everyday crimes and disputes in contrast to the specialist judges. 2. Public interest judges (Hisba) ‐ dealing with trading standards, commerce and other public interests such as the safety of traded goods or working conditions. 3. Ruling impropriety judges (Madhalim) – investigating, accounting and prosecuting members of the executive and the civil service as well as investigating decisions made by them.The Shariah deﬁnes the classes of transgression. It also determines the categories of punishment foreach class. It determines the range of judicial discretion in ﬁxing the nature of the punishment. It alsodetermines the court process itself. There is little scope to subvert due process.The Shariah mandates swift justice with a presiding judge with as many advisors as he deemssuﬃcient. The Shariah precludes the idea of a jury: the arbitrary and potential prejudiced views ofrandom members of the public have no role in determining the guilt or otherwise of the individual;furthermore the Shariah has a vast range of mechanisms to prevent both executive and judicialinjustice. Judges will be kept under scrutiny by a speciﬁc set of oﬃcials working for the Madhalim(ruling impropriety) department. Incompetence or corruption can result in summary dismissal.Miscarriages of justice will be referred to the Madhalim judges and will be speedily addressed.Plaintiﬀ and defendant will be assisted by legal professionals in presenting their arguments, howeverthe culture of exploitation of loopholes in legal interpretation and process will be eradicated. Thepoliticisation and commercialisation of justice will be stopped and rolled back. b. DEDICATED COURTS FOR IMPROPRIETY IN RULINGThe Khaleefah, all governors and indeed all oﬃcials in a ruling position and all ruling decisions will besubject to scrutiny by the Madhalim court ‐a body setup to scrutinise injustice in ruling.This court will proactively monitor and account ALL personnel in executive positions and theirdecisions, in addition to responding to citizens’ complaints.It has extensive powers of dismissal up to and including the Khaleefah himself. The Khaleefah appointsthe head of the court but cannot dismiss the judge if he is presiding over a trial where the Khaleefahhimself is accused.The Madhalim court body will be empowered with suﬃcient personnel and resources to eﬀectivelycarry out this crucial job. This includes access to executive records, an investigative staﬀ and all otherresources necessary to make it extremely diﬃcult for the executive to abuse its power. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 16

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c. NO PUNISHMENT WITHOUT A JUDGES DECISIONThere is no punishment without a judge assessing the situation and making a decision. This applies toall 3 categories of judges. No citizen is permitted to dispense justice arbitrarily. d. NO ONE IS ABOVE THE LAWThere is no immunity from prosecution for any citizen of the State, whether civilian or military. Theexecutive, including the Khaleefah, enjoys absolutely no immunity from prosecution. There is noconcept of pardon by the executive. e. NO TORTURE/ARBITRARY DETENTIONTorture and arbitrary detention are absolutely forbidden by the Shariah. The executive, the army, thepolice or the intelligence services are not permitted under any circumstances to employ these meansand no executive decision can circumvent these restrictions.5. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION & REPRESENTATION - THE COUNCIL OF THE UMMAH a. THE EXTENSIVE POWERS OF THE COUNCIL The Shariah obliges the creation of a Council of the Ummah with the following powers and limitations (the Council of the Ummah will be setup by election in order to truly represent the people). 1. The Khaleefah is obliged to consult the Council on all issues related to domestic policy such as ruling, education, health, economy, trading, industry, farming and domestic defence. The Khaleefah is bound by the majority verdict of the Council in these areas. Decisions requiring specialist technical knowledge are excluded from this consultation process. 2. Issues requiring specialist technical knowledge may be referred to the Council as the Khaleefah sees ﬁt in the interests of transparency and security, however the view of the Council is not binding here. 3. The Council has the right to raise any issue accounting the Khaleefah on decisions made and its decision is binding, excepting those areas where technical expertise is required. A dispute over the legitimacy of an action between the council and Khaleefah is referred to the Madhalim court. 4. The Council may censure any member of the executive (governors, mayors etc) and their assistants and if they call for their dismissal then the decision is binding on the Khaleefah 5. The Council has the right to select the list of nominees for a Khaleefal election and their decision is binding. 17 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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6. Any member of the Council of the Ummah has the right to expression without impediment within the limits of behaviour deﬁned by the Shariah 7. No opinion is sought from the Council regarding legislation. Legislation is extracted for contemporary issues using Shariah methodology from the Islamic texts by the Khaleefah and applied. If the Council feels that the Khaleefah is violating the Shariah or incorrectly extracting the law using the Shariah methodology, they can refer the matter to the Madhalim courts for a binding ruling. b. REPRESENTATION & VOTING FOR THE COUNCIL AND KHALEEFAHThe citizens in a governorate will vote to elect members to a local Council. Each local Council willelect a number of delegates to be sent to the national Council.Numbers of delegates sent will correspond to the population in each governorate so that eachgovernorates weight in the Council is based on proportional representation.The term for a delegate to either Council is 5 years.Any citizen (Muslim or non‐Muslim, male or female) as long as they are mature and sane are eligible tobe elected to the local or national Councils.Non‐Muslims have their own mandatory representatives on both types of Councils.6. ESTABLISHING COHESIVE CITIZENSHIPThe Shariah fosters the idea, as established by the ﬁrst Prophetic constitution, that as long as citizensof any religion, creed or gender abide by the constitution, they are owed a duty of care by the Statesuch that their life, honour, belief, mind & property is to be protected.Sectarian strife whether based on madhab, tribe or ethnicity will be prevented by the State and theunderlying un‐Islamic ideas that encourage such tensions will be actively educated against.It is hoped that the non‐Muslims will positively take up the rights and opportunities aﬀorded by theState to all citizens.7. PROTECTING NON MUSLIM CITIZENSNon‐Muslim citizens are guaranteed inalienable rights by the Shariah. They will have the right toelect members to the local and national consultative councils.e.g. Egypt has a sizeable Coptic Christian community and the government of the Islamic State would beobliged to ensure that these citizens are treated in a just and digniﬁed manner.They will have the right to use their own laws for their family and religious matters. They will haveequal status in the Shariah courts with regards to public matters, along with recourse to Hisba andMadhalim courts like any other citizen.They will be exempt from military service and all forms of taxation save the jizya taxation. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 18

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8. PUBLIC SAFETY AND STANDARDS JUDGES The Shariah mandates that the Hisba judges are trained and equipped to monitor the public interest e.g. commerce and trading goods standards. This includes quality of service, implications for safety, misleading the public etc. This department of judges can function without a court building and can issue on the spot punishments and ﬁnes where a breach of standards is identiﬁed e.g. defective or dangerous goods or environments.9. STATE ADMINISTRATION FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE PEOPLEThe State bureaucracy will be required to facilitate citizens going about their life without hindrance.As such the State should not charge the citizens for services such as permits etc. Also the Madhalimcourt will keep the bureaucracy and civil service under constant proactive scrutiny as well as beingavailable to escalate citizens’ complaints.The State civil service will operate a strong public service ethic and will proactively seek to settle andmitigate complaints so as to satisfy citizens and avoid citizen dissatisfaction reaching a level where theMadhalim court has to get involved.State civil servants should be the most qualiﬁed and competent people and public sector pay willreﬂect this requirement for competence.10. THE POLICE AS PUBLIC SERVANTSThe police will maintain the security of the citizens of the state. Oﬃcers will be paid an appropriatelyhigh wage reﬂecting both the seriousness of the role and structured to access the best people. Goodpay and attention to training in both practical policing matters and Islamic ethical standards willweed out corruption in the police forces, so that both the members of the force and the publicthemselves are proud of their police. Being a State institution the police force would come under theconstant scrutiny of the Madhalim Court.Women oﬃcers will constitute a necessary part of the police force.The police are responsible for proactively maintaining a secure environment for travel and trade etc.The necessity of hiring private security will be deemed a failure of the police.Surveillance can be carried out on suspects that are deemed to be a threat to the public interest onlyafter permission has been obtained for a public interest judge i.e. a Hisba judge.11. OBLIGATION OF OPEN EXPRESSIONAll citizens enjoy the right to open expression and are indeed obliged to account openly, subject tonot violating the Shariah such as calling for an overthrow of the Khaleefah. This open expression iscritical in accounting the executive and ensuring it does not overstep Shariah deﬁned limits.The Shariah has obliged mechanisms such as the Council of the Ummah to ensure that these rights arenot usurped. 19 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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12. EFFECTIVE MEDIAThere will be no censorship or arbitrary restriction of the media. No permission will be required tosetup a media organisation.Private media organisations are required to meet 2 conditions: (a) the Shariah is not violated e.g.nudity, calling for haram, kufr etc ; (b) strategic news related to military matters or internationalrelations is presented in a responsible manner that does not lead to civilian panic or concern.The media should assist in guarding the Shariah, accounting the Khaleefah and upholding the rightsand interests of citizens.13. A STRONG, FORWARD PRESENCE 21ST CENTURY MILITARYThe Khaleefah is the commander‐in‐chief of the military and can appoint and remove the armys seniorcommanders or other generals as he sees ﬁt.The military will be equipped with the best available weaponry and training in order to fulﬁl its rolein defending the borders of the Islamic State and facilitating the political strategies of the Khaleefah.All able bodied male Muslims aged 15 and above will be required to undertake some form of militarytraining so as to function as a reserve to the standing professional military.Military pay should reﬂect the high value that is placed in Islam on having a competent andprofessional military. The selection process for both oﬃcers and rank and ﬁle soldiers should ensurethe selection of the best ﬁt individuals for the task. Nepotism will not be allowed to weaken the armedforces of the Islamic State.The military will not be involved in politics, business or any other aspect of the State administrationthat distracts it from fulﬁlling its roles. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 20

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14. FOREIGN POLICY: BECOMING A REGIONAL AND GLOBAL POWERThe Islamic States objective internationally will be to seek regional and then global power status.It will not be constrained by any existing international treaty that violates the Shariah or seeks tooverride the sovereignty of the Islamic State in any way.It will seek bilateral relationships in accordance with what the Khaleefah deems to be the bestinterest of the State.The State will seek to set up a genuine international assembly for discussion, independent to the UN,which is compromised by the disproportionate power of the Security Council, whose charter violatesthe sovereignty of the Shariah and which has practically proven to be a tool of the neo‐colonialpowers.Muslim countriesThe Islamic State will make overtures to the citizens and inﬂuential people in other Muslim countriesin order to prepare public opinion in these countries to demand uniﬁcation with the Islamic State.These overtures will be based on the Shariah principle that, after the establishment of the Khilafah, allMuslims, including former governments of all Muslim countries, are required by the Shariah to oﬀertheir allegiance to the Khaleefah and to place their collective administrations at his disposal.Liberating occupied landsThose Muslims suﬀering through occupation can only be liberated by a strong Khilafah. The Khaleefahwill take the necessary steps to build and project this strength. 21 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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PART IV: SOCIAL HARMONY: STRONGFAMILIES AND A STRONG SOCIETY1. BUILDING A HEALTHY CO-OPERATIVE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENAND WOMEN a. HEALTHY INTERACTION IN THE SANCTITY OF MARRIAGEThe Shariah encourages co‐operation between men and women and places intimate interactionsecurely within the conﬁnes of marriage. This allows the sexual relationship to play a positive part inbinding together husband and wife as a team in raising a family. It also prevents the detrimental eﬀectof extra‐marital aﬀairs and their destructive impact on family stability. b. PROMOTING A TRANQUIL SOCIETY – DRESS CODEThe Shariah speciﬁes a dress code for both men and women that must be adhered to in public. Thiscode ensures that the public space is peaceful and suitable for families. The Shariah prohibits the sortof dress and clothes that lead to frustration and create temptations towards zina and extra‐maritalaﬀairs. c. PREVENTING THE OBJECTIFICATION OF WOMENThe only place for sexual behaviour of either the man or the woman is in the conﬁnes of marriage. TheShariah prohibits the objectiﬁcation and exploitation of the female form in all areas such asadvertising, media, public dress codes and art forms such as ﬁlm and TV. The Shariah providesregulations that eliminate the opportunities and atmosphere for women to be sexually exploited asthey are in the West. d. SHARIAH PROTECTS THE MARRIED AND UNMARRIED WOMANThe Shariah makes it illegal to force woman into marriage and indeed makes it illegal for the guardianof a woman to block a marriage proposal from an eligible partner, without good reason.The Shariah stipulates a court process guaranteeing the womans right to divorce if she is unhappy inthe marriage. No stigma is to attached to the divorcee.The Shariah makes it illegal for physical assault to occur, this includes physical assault of the husbandon his wife. The husband has no right to inﬂict physical injury on his wife.The woman has the right to maintain her own wealth independent of her husband. The husband hasno right to her wealth, whilst he is responsible for the maintenance of his wife regardless of her level ofpersonal wealth. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 22

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e. RIGHT TO WORK & THE RIGHT TO BE A HOUSEWIFEThe Shariah places critical importance on the role of a woman as a mother and a wife, due to itsimportance for family and societal stability. It demands that this role is respected and honoured. It alsorequires that the wife is assisted ﬁnancially to ensure she can adequately carry out her responsibilities.The Shariah also protects the right of the woman to work and earn a salary. f. REQUIREMENT FOR CONTRIBUTION OF WOMEN TO PUBLIC LIFEThe Shariah views women as playing a crucial and indispensable part in public life, whether that bepolitics, business or trading etc. Women are to be given every educational opportunity for self‐development.2. FAMILY AND THE STRONG FUTURE OF THE STATEThe family is the basic building block of society. If it fails, society disintegrates. The Shari’ah recognisesthis in its solutions to promote family life, as well as its methods to ensure it is protected. a. MARRIAGE & CHILDREN The Shariah recognises that children are the future of the State and that children can best reach the potential that Allah(swt) has given them when they grow up in a stable loving family environment. It is for this reason that marriage is sacrosanct, that intimate relations function as one of the binders in marriage and that anything that threatens to destroy or impair marital ﬁdelity is blocked. Extra marital aﬀairs and zina, destroy marriages which in turn destroys the stability for children and ultimately destroys the future of the State. b. KITH AND KIN The Shariah provides a strong endorsement to look after the wider family, going as far as to encourage that wider family be the ﬁrst recipients of charity. Also supporting of needy relatives is a legal obligation. c. TRANSPARENT INHERITANCE LAWS The Shariah reduces family and community destroying inheritance disputes by clearly mandating who is entitled to what. 23 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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3. PROGRESS THROUGH EDUCATIONThe Shariah requires that the State develops Islamic personalities and that the State creates skillsand abilities in its citizens appropriate to becoming the leading and most technically advanced nationin the world.To this end the government will adopt a curriculum that will be taught by the public and private sector.The government will endeavour to make primary and secondary school education free of charge forall girls and boys and ensure that the quality of teaching produces independent, lateral thinkers thatare able to produce the leadership and conﬁdent atmosphere the State needs in order to competeglobally.Tertiary education will be modelled to make it accessible to students and to produce genuine centres ofresearch excellence that attract the best minds globally.4. EFFECTIVE AFFORDABLE HEALTHCAREThe state is obliged to provide free basic and emergency healthcare for all.The creation of a modern preventive healthcare model based on a high number of local familyphysicians and practitioners is envisaged. Other models that have been eﬀectively applied in countriesfacing resource challenges have set a ratio of 1 doctor to approximately 1000 patients. This coupledwith a set of polyclinics for more complex problems e.g. 1 polyclinic to 30,000 people can reduce theoverall burden on hospitals. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 24

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PART V: REALISTIC AND PRACTICALTRANSITION TO AN ISLAMIC STATE1. NO VIOLATION OF SHARIAH IN TRANSITION TO ISLAMIC STATEIn any transition process the Shariah cannot be violated and a transition process has to be fast. Inparticular power sharing with a regime, that does not rule by the Islamic System or pays some form oflip service (e.g. the current Egyptian or Saudi regime), is not permitted even as a means to an end.History has shown the futility of disobeying Allah(swt) in this way. There is not a single instance of anIslamist Party achieving anything but total failure in attempting to power share with an existingregime.2. A 3 PHASED APPROACH - PRIORITISATION AND REUTILISATIONWe will look at the evolution of the Islamic Khilafah from Day 1 of power in 3 phases:Phase 1: Setting up structures and stabilisation – e.g. 30 daysPhase 2: Setting up long term plans – e.g. from 30 days to 1 yearPhase 3: Executing long term plans – e.g. 1 year plusWe are going to concentrate on Phase 1 here, setting up structures and achieving a degree ofstabilisation which allows the government to move on to Phase 2. In Phase 1 certain areas will need mandatory attention and others can be left for further deliberationto the second phase.To illustrate by example, it would be inconceivable not to tackle the subject of government ﬁnancesimmediately – how is the government going to collect money, leveraging Shariah methods and how isit going to spend it. This is an issue of survival and a key to stability. On the other hand the details of the education system whilst of huge strategic signiﬁcance can aﬀordto be deliberated on until Phase 2 as it is something that will be rolled out over years.Retain as much existing infrastructure and administrative staﬀ and experts as possible.Another principle would be that of not reinventing the wheel. For example this comes down to thetechnical expertise in the civil service department. It would be prudent to keep as many existingtechnocrats and bureaucrats as possible and to induce a change of culture by embedding trustedideologically motivated staﬀ in the key departments and tasking them to ensure that planning happensalong Islamic lines. This allows the Khaleefah to keep the sort of detailed knowledge that exists in thisclass of professionals and leverage it appropriately. Similar principles apply to other experts such aslegal professionals etc. 25 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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3. PHASE 1 CRITICAL REFORM a. EXECUTIVEThe Khaleefah will take immediate and direct control of the armed and security forces, appointingsenior commanders as he deems ﬁt.The Khaleefah will immediately publish a constitution derived from the Islamic Shariah – reﬂecting itssubordinate status to the Shariah itself. This will provide clarity on what is and isn’t up for discussionand provide an explanatory backdrop to the reforms that will have to take place.The implementation of the new constitution and the policies of the Khaleefah will be achieved by theimmediate appointment of governors and mayors to all areas. To overcome impediments,ineﬃciencies and corruption in existing structures the Khaleefah can exercise his right to appoint aparallel structure of executives to deal with the ﬁnances and tax collection for each governorate andmayoralty. b. FINANCE & ECONOMYThe transition approach can be summarised as follows 1. Large reduction in expenditure a. Ceasing the interest based debt payments b. Ceasing Shariah prohibited spending 2. Establishing alternate government revenue streams designated by the Shariah a. All forms of indirect taxation will be immediately abolished b. Government tax revenue will consist primarily of zakat, kharaj/ushr (land tax) c. A land review for kharaj assessment will be commenced with the ﬁrst amount to be collected within 12 months d. Private owners of the vast quantities of unused arable land that exist in our countries will be given immediate notice of the requirement to either start using that land or to face conﬁscation within 3 months. e. It is envisaged that it will take 3 months to rebuild government revenue streams in accordance with Shariah taxation policies. f. Public ownership and government control (a variant of nationalisation) of the mineral and energy sector will also transfer gas, coal and oil revenue directly to the Khilafah treasury as well as other mineral wealth. 3. Expenditure reformation in line with priorities The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 26

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4. Transitioning the State currency from ﬁat to full gold/silver backing a. The currency will be linked to gold and silver, the price will be determined based on gold/silver reserve levels and nominal prices in labour and product markets. 5. Keeping the State ﬁnances going while transition is being undertaken a. The Khaleefah will also have recourse to substantial gold and foreign currency reserves suﬃcient (in the case of Egypt) to cover over a year of emergency expenditure. 6. Immediate boost in wealth circulation ‐ the following measures will result in an immediate increase in the circulation of wealth a. Debt payment elimination leading to more spending power b. Removal of the incentive to invest for interest payment, thus increased direct business investment c. More spending power due to highly reduced taxationc. POLITICAL REPRESENTATION • A process will be put in place to set up local and national Councils of the Ummah which are elected. • Any party compatible with the Islamic constitution will have permission to be formed.d. JUDICIARY • Retain and equip existing judges with a set of punishment guidelines for crimes classiﬁed by the Shariah. • Resume court processes by the end of Phase 1. • Mechanism for judges enabling speedy access to Shariah expertise to facilitate the judicial process. 27 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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e. MEDIA • Independent media organisations will have the right to carry out their duties providing they do not promote views undermining the constitution. • The Khaleefah will take an oﬃcial TV channel for the purposes of laying out policy, transparency and informing the population. The channel will be taken overtly and its purposes stated clearly. It will be a key tool from the beginning of Phase 1 for the Khaleefah to connect with and make himself known to the Muslim masses. • The same principles and patterns will apply to all other technological and print media.f. APPEAL TO MUSLIMS LIVING IN THE WEST AND REST OF THE WORLD • An appeal will be issued to Muslims living outside the State, particularly those with specialist skills in technology, policy making, management and administration etc. It is hoped that the resulting inﬂux of talent will be invaluable in building infrastructure in the early days of the State.4. PHASE 2 & PHASE 3 REFORMPhase 2 committees would need to be setup in Phase 1 so that they could deliver a series of potentialplans to the Khaleefah in order to move from the stabilisation and survival phase to a grassrootschange in the characteristics and structures of the state.For the following and other areas departmental committees would be formed to align these areas inthe best interest of the state: education, culture, infrastructure, commercial reform, public safety,social reform. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 28

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PART VI: CONCLUSIONIn conclusion we call on Muslims to do the following:• Believe in Islamic solutions.• Understand the power of Islamic solutions.• Persuade others about Islamic solutions.• Demand Islamic solutions in Muslim countries.• Refute both secular solutions and secular solutions dressed up in ﬂowery Islamic language.• Expose the “gradual approach” to Shariah solutions ‐ it doesn’t work and it angers Allah (swt).• Support Hizb‐ut‐Tahrir in taking power on behalf of the Ummah, in order to release the power of the Islamic Shariah, by establishing the Khilafah State. 29 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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APPENDIX A ‐ Deriving modern policy framework from the Islamic legal sourcesTo illustrate how modern policy framework can genuinely be derived from Islamic legal sources, thefollowing extract from the book "The Economic System of Islam" by Taqiuddin An‐Nabhani (the founderof Hizb‐ut‐Tahrir), is reproduced as an example.PUBLIC PROPERTY (AL-MILKIYYAH AL- AMMAH)Public property is the permission of the Lawgiver to the community to share the use of the asset.Assets which are public property are those which the Lawgiver stated that as belonging to thecommunity as a whole, and those which He prevented the individual from possessing any of themsingularly. This is categorised in three types: 1. That which is considered a public utility, so that a town or a community would disperse in search for it if it were not available. 2. The uncountable stores of minerals. 3. Things which, by their nature, would prevent the individual from possession.With regard to the public utilities, they are everything that is generally considered as a utility by thepeople. The Prophet (SAW) explained them in the Ahadith by their description rather than byenumerating them. Ibn ‘Abbas narrated that the Prophet (SAW) said: “Muslims are partners(associates) in three things: in water, pastures and ﬁre,” reported by Abu Dawud. Anas narrated fromIbn ‘Abbas adding, “and its price is Haram (forbidden).” Ibn Majah narrated from Abu Hurairah (ra) thatthe Prophet (SAW) said: “Three things are not prevented from (the people); the water, the pasturesand the ﬁre.” This is an evidence that people are partners (associates) in water, pastures and ﬁre, andthat the individual is prohibited from possessing them. But it is noticed that the Hadith mentionedthem as three, and they are Jamid (non‐derived) names, and there was no mentioning of Illah (reason)in the Hadith. The Hadith did not include Illah (reason), and this could imply that these three things arethe only ones which represent public property with no consideration given to their depiction for thecommunity’s need for them.However, if one scrutinised the issue he would ﬁnd that the Prophet (SAW) allowed the possession ofwater in At‐Taif and Khaybar by individuals, and they actually possessed it for the purpose of irrigatingtheir plants and farms. Had the sharing (association) of water been just because it is water and notbecause of the consideration of the community’s need for it, then he would not have allowedindividuals to possess it. So from the saying of the Prophet (SAW) , “Muslims are partners (associates)in three things: in water, pastures and ﬁre” and from his permission to individuals to possess thewater, it can be deduced that the Illah (reason) of partnership in the water, pastures and ﬁre, is theirbeing of the community utilities that are indispensable to the community. So the Hadith mentioned thethree (things) but they are reasoned as being community utilities. Therefore this Illah (reason) goesalong with the reasoned (rule) in existence and in absence. So anything that qualiﬁes as being of thecommunity utilities is considered a public property, whether or not it was water, pasture or ﬁre i.e.whether it was speciﬁcally mentioned in the Hadith or not. If it ceased to be of the community utilities,even if it was mentioned in the Hadith like the water it would not be a community utility, it wouldrather be of the things which can be possessed individually. The criteria for determining things to be apublic utility is that it is anything which, if not available to the community, whether the community wasa group of bedouins a village, city, or a State, would cause them to disperse in search of it, then itwould be considered of the community utilities, like the water sources, forests of ﬁrewood, pastures oflivestock and the like. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 30

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With regards to minerals, they are of two kinds: one is of a limited quantity that is not consideredsigniﬁcant. The other is of an uncountable quantity. As for the ﬁrst type it can be an individual property,owned singularly and treated like the hidden treasure (Rikaz) where a ﬁfth of it is paid to the Bait ul‐Mal. Amr ibn Shua’ib narrated from his father, from his grandfather that the Prophet (SAW) was askedabout the Luqatah (article picked from the road) he said: “That which was picked from the publiclyused road, or the village, you have to announce it for one year, if anyone demands it, give it to him,and if not, it would be yours; but if it is found in sites of ruin, then a ﬁfth of it and of the hiddentreasure (Rikaz) has to be paid to the Bait ul‐Mal”, narrated by Abu Dawud.As for the uncountable quantity which cannot be normally depleted, it is a public property and shouldnot be possessed individually due to what At‐Tirmidhi narrated from Abyadh ibn Hammal that he cameto the Prophet (SAW) and asked him to grant him a salt laden land, and he granted it to him. And whenhe left, one person in attendance with the Prophet (SAW) said, “Do you know what you granted him?You granted him the uncountable water (Al‐‘udd)”. He (SAW) then took it away from him.” Hecompared it (in this Hadith) with the uncountable (Al‐‘Udd) water because it does not deplete. So thisHadith indicates that the Prophet (SAW) granted the salty mountain to Abyadh ibn Hammal, whichmeans that it is allowed to grant a salt mine. However, when he realised that it was of the permanentor continuous mines which are non depletable, he reversed his grant and took it back therebyprohibiting its ownership by individuals as it is a public property. What is meant here is not the salt, butrather the salt mine. The evidence for this is that when he knew it was non‐depletable he prohibited itsprivate ownership, despite the fact that he knew it was salt and that he had initially granted it. So itsprohibition was due to its being non‐depletable. Abu Ubayd said, “With regards to his (i.e. the Prophet)granting to Abyadh ibn Hammal of the salt (found) in Ma’reb, then taking it away from him, he did itconsidering it as a dead (unused) land which Abyadh was going to revive and cultivate. When theProphet (SAW) realised it included uncountable (‘Udd) water, which contains non‐depletable materiallike the water of the springs and wells, he revoked it, because it is the Sunnah of the Prophet (SAW) inrelation to pasture, ﬁre and water, for which people are all associates in possession. So he disliked thelimiting of possession to one person to the exclusion of others.” Since salt was of the minerals, theProphet (SAW) change of mind about its granting to Abyadh is considered a reason (Illah) for theprohibition of its ownership by individuals, i.e. that it is an uncountable (‘Udd) mineral mine, notbecause it comprised uncountable (‘udd) salt. It appears from examining this Hadith that the reason(Illah) for preventing the grant of the salt mineral mine is because it was uncountable (‘Udd) i.e. notdepleted. It appears from the narration of Amr ibn Qais that the salt in this incident is a mineral (mine)because he said, “the mine (mineral) of salt”. It appears from the words of the jurisprudents, that theyconsidered the salt of the minerals, so the Hadith would be related to minerals and not to saltspeciﬁcally.With regards to Abu Dawud’s narration that the Prophet (SAW) granted Bilal ibn Al‐Harith Al Muzni theminerals (mines) of the Qabaliah; and also what Abu Ubaid’s narrated in his book (Al Amwal) fromIkrimah that he said: “The Prophet (SAW) granted Bilal such a land from such a minerals”, this Hadithdoes not contradict the Hadith of Abyadh. This Hadith is rather to interpret that these minerals whichthe Prophet (SAW) granted to Bilal were limited, and thus allowed to be granted, as the Prophet (SAW)did when he ﬁrst granted the salt mineral to Abaydh. This Hadith should not be interpreted as apermission to grant such minerals in absolute terms, because it would then contradict with what theProphet (SAW) did when he took back the minerals which he granted when he realised it wasuncountable (‘Udd), and not normally depleted. So the minerals which the Prophet (SAW) granted areto be interpreted as being limited and they (easily) deplete.This rule, that the uncountable and undepleted minerals are considered a public property, includes allminerals, whether they on the surface of the earth where people may reach and use them withoutgreat eﬀort, such as salt, coal, sapphire, ruby, and the like. Or whether they were of the subsurfaceminerals, which are reachable only with work, like the minerals of gold, silver, iron, copper, lead and 31 The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change

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the like. And also whether they are solid like crystal, or ﬂuid like oil. All of them are minerals, which areincluded within the meaning of the Hadith.As for the things whose nature prevents them from coming under the domain of individual ownership,they are the assets which consist of the public utilities. Although they fall within the ﬁrst categorybecause they are from the community utilities, they diﬀer however from it in respect of their naturewhich prevents them from being possessed by individuals. Water, for example, could be possessed byindividuals, but this is prohibited if the community cannot manage to live without it, unlike the casewith roads which certainly cannot be owned by any individual. Therefore, although the evidence forthis category is that the divine reason (Illah) is applicable to it and that it is from the communityutilities, however its nature indicates that it belongs to the public property. This category includesroads, rivers, seas, lakes, public canals, gulfs, straits and the like. Also included are things like Masjid,State schools, hospitals, playgrounds, shelters etc. The Islamic Khilafah // A Manifesto for Change 32