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Newswise — The increasing globalization of U.S. colleges is inspiring professors and school administrators to find creative ways to compete with students' use of digital devices in the classroom.

However, as the diversity of the U.S. class population expands, so too is the diversity of opinion on how to manage classroom device use — and that could just make things a little more challenging for all involved.

With a focus on college students in the U.S. and India, a new study suggests a few similarities — including high levels of cell phone penetration and widespread use of digital devices in American and Indian college classrooms — and more differences between the students' expectations for managing classroom devices including:

perceived impact of digital use in classrooms on learning, attention and student participation

"We know communication and cultural behaviors in societies of the U.S. and in India operate differently," said Uttaran Dutta, one of three research professors from the Hugh Downs School of Human Communication at Arizona State University that participated in the study. "We were interested to learn and compare how culture and values of two countries and societies influence and shape students' digital behaviors in the classroom."

Outnumbering American students in preference for classroom policies regarding the use of digital devices, the study shows that Indian students believe in-class cell phone use is significantly more disruptive to learning and that cell phone interruptions in classes should result in reprimand, discipline or a grade penalty. Indian students are also overwhelmingly in favor of universities establishing digital policies for classrooms to prohibit the use of devices during class unless required by the instructor.

In contrast, American students surveyed for the study believe that instructors should either ignore cell phones that ring during classes, or address it in a light-hearted way.

It was very interesting to see how the authority of the Indian professor in the classroom was diminishing and being replaced by Indian students' preference that university bureaucrats determine digital policies," said Robert Shuter, ASU research professor.

"American students preferred that the classroom instructor determine digital policies, an indication of the continued power and authority of professors in American classrooms," Shuter added.

The collaborative study is published in the Western Journal of Communication under the title: "Digital Behavior of University Students in India and the U.S.: Cultural Values and Communication Technologies in the Classroom." A continuation of a previous study on the influence of culture and cultural values on new media use in the university classroom, the India-U.S. study surveyed 920 college students across both countries.

Among the latest study's other findings: Americans owned significantly more tablets and laptops than Indians own, and used the devices twice as much.

Researchers hope the study will increase cross-cultural understanding between American and Indian students and professors in terms of their awareness of the differences in both cultural values and mobile media use and preferences.

"For educators these findings could help them recognize the diversity of ways we can manage digital distractions in the classroom and to know that different students might have different expectations," said ASU Professor Pauline Cheong.

Other collaborators on the study included Dr. Yashu Chen at California State University, San Marcos and Jeff Shuter, a doctoral candidate at the University of Iowa.