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17.
Assessment<br />“All of these studies show that innovations which include strengthening the practice of formative assessment produce significant, and often substantial, learning gains.”—Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam<br />8<br />Raymond School District<br />

40.
Without a “0”, the grade would be 81.6%</li></ul>21<br />Raymond School District<br />

41.
Did you ever feel like this?<br /> “A grade is an inadequate report of an inaccurate judgment by a biased and variable judge of the extent to which a student has attained an undefined level of mastery of an unknown proportion of an indefinite amount of material.”—Paul Dressel<br />22<br />Raymond School District<br />

43.
Discussion questions for the parachute packing case<br />Which student will you choose to pick your parachute? Why?<br />If these were scores in a typical teacher’s grade book, which students would pass? Which students would fail?<br />Is there any discrepancy between your answers to questions 1 and 2? If so, why does this discrepancy occur?<br />What are the implications of this for the way you calculate student grades?<br />24<br />Raymond School District<br />

44.
Does it matter in Raymond?<br />25<br />Raymond School District<br />

45.
Perspectives on Grading<br /><ul><li>Grading is not essential to learning