The Ithaca Model 37 Stakeout is the law enforcement version of the civilian game / home defense Model 37 pump action shotgun. The Model 37 shotgun system itself is nearly 75 years old though the Stakeout variant is a relatively newer breed of firearm featuring all black plastic and steel construction. Ithaca took on expiring patents of the Remington Model 17 shotgun to produce their Model 37 and the end result was an equally excellent shotgun that found a niche with all manner of customers - be they military, security, law enforcement and home defense.

Within the Model 37 line, the Stakeout is recognized for its 13 inch barrel, shorter than on the base Model 37, as well as its lack of a fixed stock - utilizing a pistol grip form instead. The lack of a stock made the weapon more portable and highly suitable for close-quarters engagements and could be just as effectively devastating at short ranges. The weapon is also ideal for "keyless" entry of locked doors where hinges or knobs can be blown clear off when necessary. Stakeout versions saw combat actions in the Vietnam War.

Design was conventional with a relatively featureless receiver exterior. The pistol grip was fitted under the aft end with the barrel ahead and the ammunition tube magazine / pump slide. The slide was ribbed for a firmer grip. Operation is consistent with other pump-action slide shotguns of this type.