Description

A chemical product used for eliminating all types of weeds (annual and perennial grasses and broadleaved weeds).

Authoritative On-line References and Resources

http://www.weeds.iastate.edu/ An invaluable source of contemporary information about herbicides and weeds from Iowa State University. herbicide glufosinate has been recorded by researchers in Malaysia.Preliminary experiments have confirmed concerns that an aggressive grass weed

Description

The leaves are "narrow" as opposed to the "broad" leaves of broadleaved weeds. Also called 'monocots' having one seed leaf opposed to 'dicots' having two seed leaves.

Authoritative On-line References and Resources

The International Weed Science Society represents individual associations around the world. is developing populations which are no longer controlled by glufosinate.Weed scientists from the University of Malaya have been investigating reports of weed control problems in an oil palm nursery in the state of Pahang. The weed in question is goosegrass (Eleusine indica), a globally important weed of many warm climate crops.In Malaysia it is a particularly serious problem in oil palm and rubber plantations, and on smallholdings growing fruit and vegetables.Goosegrass has already developed resistance to several herbicide modes of action (MOA) in a number of countries around the world. It was the second weed species to be recorded as becoming resistant to glyphosate, also in Malaysia1. To keep weed resistance at bay, and avert the threat it poses to food production, it is vital to use integrated weed management

Description

A decision support system for crop protection which focuses on long-term prevention or suppression of pest problems with minimum impact on human health, the environment, and non-target organisms. IPM takes into consideration all available pest control techniques and tactics (cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical). IPM emphasizes the growth of healthy crops for better productivity with the least possible disruption to agroecosystems.

Authoritative On-line References and Resources

http://www.ipmcenters.org "The USDA's National Site for the Regional IPM Centers' Information System provides information about US commodities, pests and pest management practices, people and issues." practices. These involve using herbicides with different MOA. Like paraquat and glyphosate, glufosinate has a very distinctive MOA. However, as experience with glyphosate has shown, intensive use of a single MOA herbicide regime will ultimately result in weeds becoming resistant.To confirm that a herbicide resistant strain has evolved, it must be conclusively demonstrated that the weed population cannot be controlled by the herbicide at the normal recommended application rate. The researchers conducted experiments with glufosinate on goosegrass plants in the affected field. Greenhouse studies were also conducted to compare the response of plants from the suspect population to ones collected from an urban area with no history of herbicide application. Using a range of dose rates enables the factor by which populations differ in their susceptibility to be calculated. Rates from normal to eight times greater were selected.The results showed that a normal rate of glufosinate gave an acceptable level of goosegrass control over a four week period when a susceptible population was tested.However, the suspected resistant population was much less affected. Not only was control after one week around half that normally expected, but the weeds rapidly grew away again so that there was little effect after four weeks.A detailed analysis of the dose response work showed that the suspect population required more than seven times the normal dose of glufosinate to achieve just 50% control.No new herbicide modes of action have been commercialised for over 20 years, so it is vital to keep those presently available to farmers controlling weeds effectively. Weed resistance to glufosinate as well as glyphosate deals a further blow to weed control options. Paraquat now has an even more important role to play in the rotational use of herbicides.