Are the five daily prayers mentioned in the Qur&#8217;aan?

Question

The Holy Qur'an, Surah 30: Al Rum 17 "SO (GIVE) GLORY TO ALLAH, WHEN YE REACH EVENTIDE AND WHEN YE RISE IN THE MORNING;" 18 "YEA,TO HIM BE PRAISE, IN THE HEAVENS AND ON EARTH; AND IN THE LATE AFTERNOON AND WHEN THE DAY BEGINS TO DECLINE." These verses only mention four prayers,but yet Muslims pray five times a day (plus Sunnah). Why does it not state the fifth prayer? PS. I'am a practicig Muslim (Inshallah) and I'am in no way trying to prove the Qur'an wrong.

Answer

Praise be to Allaah.

In the Tafseer of this aayah, it is reported
that Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: “The five daily
prayers are (mentioned) in the Qur’aan.” He was asked, “Where?” He said,
“Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): ‘So
glorify Allaah when you come up to the evening’ is maghrib
and ‘isha’; ‘and when you enter the morning’ is fajr;
‘in the afternoon’ is ‘asr; and ‘the
time when the day begins to decline’ is zuhr.” Other mufassireen,
such as al-Dahhaak and Sa’eed ibn Jubayr said the same thing.

Some of the mufassireen said that these aayat
mention only four of the prayers; ‘isha’ is not mentioned here, but
it is mentioned in Soorat Hood, where Allaah says (interpretation of
the meaning): “… and in some hours of the night…” [Hood 11:114]

Most of the mufassireen are of the first opinion.
Al-Nahhaas (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: “The scholars of Tafseer
say that the aayah (interpretation of the meaning): ‘So
glorify Allaah when you come up to the evening and when you enter the
morning…’ [al-Room 30:17] refers to the prayers.”

Imaam al-Jassaas (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
“Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): ‘…
The prayer is enjoined on the believers at fixed times [mawqootan].’
[al-Nisa’ 4:103]. It was reported that ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Mas’ood
said: ‘[Mawqootan means
that] Salaah has an appointed time just as Hajj does.’ It was reported
that Ibn ‘Abbaas, Mujaahid and ‘Atiyyah said [that mawqootan
means] ‘It is obligatory’… The word ‘mawqootan’
means that it is obligatory at certain times. The times are referred
to in general terms in this aayah and are explained elsewhere in the
Book, without defining precisely when those times start and end – that
was explained in detail by the Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). What Allaah mentioned
about the times of the prayers in His Book is (interpretation of the
meaning): “Perform al-Salaah from
mid-day till the darkness of the night and recite the Qur’aan in the
early dawn…” [al-Isra’ 17:78]. Mujaahid reported from Ibn
‘Abbaas: “’Mid-day’ means
when the sun has passed its zenith for salaat al-zuhr, and ‘the
darkness of the night’ means the beginning of the night,
for salaat al-maghrib.” It was also reported from Ibn ‘Umar that mid-day
meant the zenith… Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And perform al-salaah
at the two ends of the day and in
some parts of the night” [Hood 11:114]. ‘Amr reported from
al-Hasan that ‘the two ends of the
day’ means fajr at the first end and zuhr and ‘asr at the
other; ‘some parts of the
night’ means maghrib and
‘isha’. So according to this opinion the aayah refers to all five prayers….
Layth reported from al-Hakam from Abu ‘Ayyaad that Ibn ‘Abbaas said:
“This aayah mentions all five prayers together. ‘So
glorify Allaah when you come up to the evening’ refers to
maghrib and ‘isha’, ‘and when you enter the morning’
refers to fajr, ‘in the afternoon’
is ‘asr; and ‘the time when the day
begins to decline’ is zuhr.” Something similar was also reported
from al-Hasan.

Abu Razeen reported from Ibn ‘Abbaas: “ ‘…and glorify the praises of your Lord before the rising of the sun and
before (its) setting’ [Qaaf 50:39 – interpretation of the meaning]
refers to the prescribed prayers. ‘…
and glorify the praises of your Lord before the rising of the sun, and
before its setting, and during some of the hours of the night, and at
the sides of the day, that
you may become pleased with the reward which Allaah shall give you.’
[Ta-Ha 20:130 – interpretation of the meaning] This aayah
also includes the times of the prayers. All of these aayaat mention
the times of the prayers.”

Ahkaam
al-Qur’aan by al-Jassaas, Baab
Mawaaqeet al-Salaah.

What you should also know is that the
Qur’aan does not contain details of all the rules. The Qur’aan mentions
many rules, but it also tells us that the Sunnah is a source of evidence
in which many rules are mentioned in detail that are not mentioned in
the Qur’aan. Allaah says (interpretation of the meanings):

“… and We have
also sent down to you (O Muhammad) the reminder and the advice (the
Qur’aan), that you may explain clearly to men what is sent down to them
and that they may give thought.” [al-Nahl 16:44]

“… and whatsoever
the Messenger gives you, take it…” [al-Hashr 59:7]

The Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “I have been given
the Qur’aan and something like it with it…” (Reported by Imaam Ahmad,
16546; this is a saheeh hadeeth). Whether the rules were narrated in
the Qur’aan or in the Sunnah, all of it is true and right, and all of
it has one source, which is the wahy or revelation from the Lord of
the Worlds.