After transformation v[2] will always contain the length of the original v: sqrt(v[0]*v[0]+v[1]*v[1]+v[2]*v[2]) regardless of the projection type. This makes it possible to implement depth buffer testing in a way independent of the projection type. I would like to return the squared length instead of the length because of performance reasons. But then far away objects are not textured any more, perhaps because of a depth buffer overflow although the depth test is disabled?

Determine whether a great circle connection p1 and p2 intersects with a projection discontinuity.

For many projections without discontinuity, this should return always false, but for other like cylindrical projection it will return true if the line cuts the wrap-around line (i.e. at lon=180 if the observer look at lon=0).