"Well over" means about 1.5 million units, and that is an okay start, according to Carolina Milanesi, research vice president at Gartner.

"I think the 1 million mark is the important bit. We now need to wait to see the full power when more countries are added. The first quarter will give us a better sense," said Milanesi via email.

The results show that Nokia needs to sell Lumia phones in both North America and China, according to Milanesi. It has rolled them out in North America, but it must now do so in China, she said.

The success of the Lumia smartphones has varied from market to market, Nokia CEO Stephen Elop said during a conference call. Sales have steadily improved in Spain and Germany, but have struggled in the U.K., which is the hardest market to conquer in Europe because of the strength of competing smartphone operating systems, Elop said.

To help Nokia sell more Windows phones, the company will increase efforts to train in-store sales staff, Elop said.

Because consumers aren't as familiar with Windows Phone as they are with the iPhone and devices based on Google's Android, the knowledge of sales staff is key. For example, T-Mobile shops in the U.S. have staff who have been selling Windows Phone longer and are more comfortable with presenting the differences compared to other platforms, according to Elop.

The knowledge of the staff combined with a low price is making a difference, Elop said. T-Mobile sells the Lumia 710 for $50 with a two-year contract.

The company plans to increase the rate at which Lumia smartphones become available in new markets and the pace at which new models are launched, Elop said.

As part of its deal with Microsoft, Nokia received the first quarterly platform support payment of €180 million, it said. Nokia also pays Microsoft software royalties for the use of Windows Phone, but the company didn't reveal the size of these.

Nokia sold a total of 113.5 million phones, down 8 percent compared to last year. Also, the number of smartphones sold dropped from 28.6 million to 19.6 million.

As the distribution of the Windows Phone-based Lumia smartphones ramps up, Nokia is still dependent on the sales of Symbian-based smartphones. But that isn't working so well. Sales are dropping faster than expected, Nokia said.

"Despite the latest improvements on Symbian's user interface and a few new devices launched, it is now clear that Nokia will not be able to continue relying on Symbian and needs to move even faster to Windows Phones," said Jeronimo.

Milanesi agrees: Symbian's weakness is putting more pressure on Nokia to make the transition to Windows Phone faster.

During 2011, Nokia progressed in the right direction, but it still has a tremendous amount to accomplish in 2012, it said in a statement.