Cognitive Exercises

Top Ten Learning Dysfunctions for Arrowsmith

Ability to learn and produce written sequence of symbols

Writing out the alphabet, or a sequence of numbers, or expressing thought in speech are problems for children and adults with this dysfunction. Words may be misread, or handwriting may be messy and irregular. While focussing on writing, the content is often neglected, and sometimes the same word is spelt different ways on the same page.

Ability to understand the relationships among two or more concepts

Children and adults with this dysfunction oftentimes have an inability to read an analog clock; to discern the difference between the hour and minute hands. They have trouble with cause and effect relationships like why events happen. Grammar and reading comprehension suffer because the relationships between elements or characters are not understood. For many with this dysfunction, there is a constant sense of uncertainty about whether the intended meaning (while reading or listening) has been correctly understood.

Ability to remember chunks of auditory information

With this dysfunction, parents oftentimes think their child is being stubborn, irresponsible or lazy because they ask their child to do something but it doesn’t get done. The reason is because the child forgets. If the child is told to do something, but then gets distracted, the instruction will be totally forgotten, to the point where he may insist that the request was never made.

Ability to see how words and numbers interconnect sequentially into fluent sentences and procedures

Does your child try to be helpful, or do they often do something without asking beforehand? With this dysfunction, a child is not capable of considering the possible consequences of the action beforehand. For example, the child washes his father’s car that has just been waxed, or the child trims the tree in the front yard almost cutting it down.

Ability to learn to pronounce syllables and then integrate them into the stable and consistent pronunciation of a word

With this dysfunction, struggling with thinking and talking at the same time, requiring more concentration to pronounce words, or sometimes losing one’s train of thought are all typical problems. These difficulties result in shyness (quietness) in new situations involving talking with people, and a tendency to get drowned out by people who find it easier to speak.

Ability to develop and maintain plans and strategies through the use of language

Is your child easily distracted from a task and frequently labelled as having a short attention span? Children and adults with this dysfunction cannot maintain the focus of their attention in their studies, job or a social situation. They are often passive in learning situations, unable to plan how to start a task.

Ability to visually recognize and remember a word or symbol

Does your child study a word many times before she can visually memorize it, recognize it, and then say it correctly the next time she sees it? Often children and adults with this dysfunction cannot recognize a word like “house” as the same word she has seen before. The result: learning to read and spell words is a very slow process.

Ability to register and interpret non-verbal information and plan and problem solve non-verbally

Is your child’s behavior sometimes inappropriate for the situation? Children and adults with this dysfunction often have trouble registering and interpreting their own emotions, or the facial expressions and body language of others. In class, a student may not be able to interpret a teacher’s reactions, therefore not knowing if the teacher approves of her work or not.

Ability to carry out internal sequential mental operations, such as mental

Does counting on fingers sound familiar? Problems with math and counting processes could signal trouble with your child’s quantification sense. This dysfunction impairs a child or adult from doing mathematics inside his or her head, or carrying out internal sequential mental operations.