Tuesday, October 14, 2014

The convergence of LTE, Cloud, SDN and NFV promises
dynamic, assured and differentiated services over efficient, orchestrated, and
interconnected networks. This, the MEF’s Third Network vision, demands end-to-end Service Orchestration – and this
is how it works.

Hello World!

A simple statement, and yet it is shorthand
for an immensely complex process that begins fingers reaching out to hold down
the shift key and tap the “H” key. Even that statement is just shorthand for a
cascade of millions of neural events involving visual feedback guiding the
activation of thousands of muscle cells co-operating to provide a precise
physical action…

So how can I ever write a word without going
crazy at all the complexity? Because tapping the “H” key was an automatic motor
response, learned before I could even walk. Knowing which key to tap came later:
learning to write at kindergarten. My decision to begin with that particular
sentence reflected a later layer of learning – how to illustrate complex ideas by
analogy. This layered abstraction of the human mind evolved over many millions
of years, but computer science achieved something similar in just seven decades.

In computing terms, we see layered
abstraction in the distinction between 1) hardware, 2) operating systems and 3)
software applications: so that each computing layer can innovate without
impacting layers above or below.

In networking and telecom operations,
however, we still work in functional silos – for example we have separate
inventory, provisioning performance and fault management systems. Each such
functional system must hold detailed information of all network domains – like
Optical, Ethernet or IP (see Fig 1). A change in any one domain would require
changes in all systems – and that takes extraordinary effort, time and money –
as if I had to re-wire my neurons for every single keystroke.

The
Third Network

MEF has recently announced its new vision:
a Third Network to deliver business-class connectivity as a ubiquitous,
on-demand service – rather than as a laborious and lengthy installation and
commissioning process.

While Carrier Ethernet offers outstanding
service quality, performance and security to the enterprise, establishing this
business class service can take weeks or months ­– especially if the connection
spans more than one service provider. But for the home or mobile worker,
reliant on the Internet, their service is ubiquitous, immediate and on-demand –
but it falls far short on quality, performance and security. The THIRD network
promises the best of both those worlds.

The
vital role of Service Orchestration

End-to-end Service Orchestration manages
the entire lifecycle of connectivity services: Fulfilment, Control,
Performance, Assurance, Usage, and Analytics. It holds detailed service
inventory of all services in a layer or domain, providing the necessary APIs
for information exchange between service providers and internal systems
operating at other layers. It can be compared to those layers of intelligence
in my brain that not only manage the automatic processes of body maintenance
and immunity against disease, but also higher, learned skills like language, as
well as critical decision making.

To illustrate how this works, consider the
Cortx Service Orchestrator launched by CENX in September 2014. This product consists
of a set of software modules that can be integrated within an existing network
operation, utilizing open APIs to interface with existing systems. Cortx has been specifically designed to
support multi-layered network domains, and new technologies such as NFV and SDN,
so it need only know and enforce the service level parameters, not how the service is implemented.

How does the brain manage complex physical
actions? The first requirement must be continuous input from every nerve ending
and sensory organ across the body: I can only move my finger to the “H” key if
I know the position of myself and my finger, and can see where the target key
is.

So the first essential Cortx function is
Continuous Data Audit, to receive data from multiple sources right across the
network – including OSS and test equipment. Just as in the brain, this would
amount to a torrent of data that would overwhelm any legacy management system,
but this system uses big data analytics to make sense of it. So the second
essential function is Service Visualization: shaping this torrent of data into meaningful
information by presenting it as a geographical or topological map revealing the
end-to-end circuit path topology for on-net and off-net circuits and presenting
a monitoring dashboard that includes status of network build (ENNIs, EVCs,
UNIs), and the inventory, performance, and fault states of Ethernet and other connections.

The brain does something similar:
presenting a torrent of nerve impulses from the optic nerve as a recognisable “H”
key, towards which I can then direct my finger.

Once those two essential functions are
satisfied, then any number of extra solution modules can be added as your needs
evolve beyond inventory integrity assurance, to network build-out and
implementation, and to end-to-end performance monitoring and management.

Already available for Network Monitoring
and Management are:

Real-Time Troubleshooting – displaying
near real-time state and monitoring data and isolating faults to the root
cause. This reduces MTTR and truck rolls, and helps determine fault
responsibility between SP networks.

Network Analytics – planning
network capacity and managing CAPEX with superior reporting to allow just in
time upgrades.

SLA Management – allowing service
providers to manage SLA parameters as across multiple access vendors, and
helping enterprises with visualization of near real-time performance metrics,
and reporting.

Capacity Planning – providing fine-grained measurement
of capacity, utilization, and performance in order to pinpoint where service is
degrading and automating the capacity upgrade process. This reduces the CAPEX and OPEX for upgrades.

To support Network Build and Implementation
there are further modules:

Automated Ordering
– translates order processes and formats between providers and customers,
exchange tenants and access vendors. This reduces order fall-out and
accelerates time to market.

Automated Provisioning
– automatically configures network equipment functions, such as port
selection, bandwidth, and service type, to initiate service provisioning. This
improves the accuracy of network services provisioning and reduces fall-out.

Workflow Orchestration - coordinates
workflows for full lifecycle of each service, triggering other modules,
tracking workflow analytics in a dashboard.
This reduces service delivery intervals and operational cost due to
automation.

Figure 2 summarizes these currently
available modules and their potential applications.

Service Orchestration in practice

Today’s soaring data usage and high service expectations mean that providers must deploy their services ever more flexibly, quickly and
with impressive quality from day one. This can only be achieved by Service
Orchestration – automating the entire lifecycle of service ordering,
provisioning, implementation, analytics, and assurance.

Just as there are no limits to the
potential of an intelligent brain: so there are no limits to the number of ways
that Service Orchestration can help cloud providers, service providers, large
enterprises and anyone responsible for large, complex networks. So one example
will be given – Fig 3.

This graph illustrates the increase in
actual bandwidth demand for a mobile operator over six years (pale green) and
the general estimate of bandwidth demand for an average cell site (straight red
line).

Until now it has been necessary to plan for
a major upgrade every three years, and this requires (black line) a huge margin
of extra provisioning to allow for unexpected variations as well as the
anticipated increase. There are many reasons for this, such as:

Lack of the sort of detailed
data and analytics provided by Cortx means “just in case” provisioning with a
wide margin for error

Lack of automation in the
upgrade process requires considerable forward planning and a lot of manual
labour.

Service Orchestration makes it possible to
upgrade more flexibly as well as more accurately. In this example we have
simply increased the upgrade cycle from three years to one year (dark green
line) to show a massive saving. “Wasted bandwidth” is shown as the blue striped
area between the step-changed bandwidth and the actual light green bandwidth
requirement – and the area of waste under the black line is vastly greater than
that under the dark green line. What’s more, further savings could be made by
reducing the upgrade cycle to six months or less.

Conclusion

This article can offer only a glimpse of
the potential benefits of end-to-end Service Orchestration – not only to
deliver immediate improvements in visualizing, management agility and upgrade
times for existing networks, but also to support migration to tomorrow’s NFV and
SDN innovations.

As Glen Ragoonanan, Principal Analyst at Analysys
Mason, points out: “SDN and NFV adoption is being inhibited by a lack of
standards and immaturity of OSS, policy-based controller products that can
integrate with operators’ existing environments”. Cortx is filling that gap by providing the performance and elasticity needed for NFV, network
scalability and real-time big data analytics, while its open REST APIs allow faster
integration for SDN controllers and NFV management.

NFV and SDN are key to the Third network
future and its promises of lower CapEx and operating costs, as well as service
potential and agility, but they demand a fundamentally new approach to managing network
services – one that orchestrates services top-down, across both physical and
virtualized infrastructures, across multiple vendors, and across multiple
carriers.

About the Author

Chris Purdy is CTO at CENX. He also serves asspecification editor of Carrier Ethernet Service Constructs in the MEF’s technical committee. Before CENX, Chris was CTO at Nakina Systems, a telecom operations software vendor, and helped take the company from early stage to one deployed in multiple Tier 1 providers managing thousands of network elements. Prior to Nakina, Chris spent 19 years with Nortel in numerous roles including Professional Services, Senior Network Operations and IT consultant, and Director of Optical Ethernet Management. Chris holds a BASc. in Electrical engineering from the University of Toronto.