26 Great SchismThis was a conflict within the Catholic Church when two popes, one French and one Italian, were elected at the same time and the disputes that followed weakened the political and spiritual authority of the Catholic Church.

27 This “schism” was the Western Roman Church…not the Eastern/Western Schism”

28 Leonardo da VinciThis multi-talented Italian artist, painter, inventor, sculptor, architect and mathematician was the ultimate Renaissance man and even cut up dead bodies to better illustrate the human form in his art.

32 Niccolo MachiavelliThis writer of the Renaissance believed that the key to gaining and maintaining power was to not let oneself be restricted by moral principles. He was one of the first political writers to abandon morality as a basis for analyzing political power.

33 The end justifies the MeansIt is better to be feared than lovedNever take advice from a subordinate

34 The PrinceOne of the most influential books on political power in the Western world, this work has stood the test of time as a handbook on how to achieve political power at any cost.

41 Catholic Counter-ReformationThis was the official Church response to the divisive Christian reform movement that included the founding of the Jesuits, the reform of the papacy, the decrees of the Council of Trent,… and the establishment of courts of the Inquisition.

42 1560 -1648 (After conclusion of Thirty Years War in Europe)Society of Jesus, JesuitsMore missionaries sentStrengthened InquisitionCouncil of Trent….clarified doctrinesMade several changes based on complaints of Protestants

43 Johann TetzelThis monk sold indulgences to German Christians, telling them they could buy forgiveness for their sins and for the sins of family members already dead.

44 German Dominican friarDisgusted Martin Luther to write his 95 theses (reasons the Catholic Church needed to shape up)

45 Martin LutherThis German monk and Bible professor believed that Christians could achieve salvation through faith alone and launched a religious reform movement to break with the Catholic Church.

49 Henry VIIIThis ruler of England broke with the Catholic Church for mostly political reasons. He wanted a divorce from his first wife and when the Pope said, “No,” he turned to his own church courts and eventually made himself head of the Protestant Church of England.

50 Handsome and Athletic in his youthMarried to a Spanish Catholic, had one child that survived, Mary I aka, “Bloody Mary”Married 5 more times, only notable child: Elizabeth I with wife #2, Anne Boleyn

51 vernacularThis term refers to works of literature that are published in regional languages rather than classical languages like Latin or Greek.

55 HumanismThis was an intellectual movement that was based on the study of the classic literary works and the culture Greece and Rome. It focused on the glorification of the worldly achievements of men.

57 PetrarchOne of the earliest leaders of the Renaissance, this man led the initial search for ancient Latin manuscripts and revived the use of pure, classical Latin. He is famous for works such as Sonnets to Laura.

59 Characteristics of Petrarch’s SonnetsSelf- CenteredCombines secular love with religious passion. The Baroque poets, esp. the metaphysical poets are influenced by this. Different from Shakespeare's sonnets.Love as sorrow. Different from Dante (Love as an enlightening or transcendent power).

60 DanteThis famous author of the Divine Comedy (in Italian) takes readers on a journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise

64 ErasmusBest known for his 1509 writing, In Praise of Folly, this leading Christian humanist believed that society cannot be improved until the people in society improved themselves from within. It was said, “He laid the egg that the other guy hatched.”

65 Dutch humanist AND theologianMiddle of the road reformer, FREE Will, not predestinationWrote In Praise of Folly

66 Peace of AugsburgThis was a 1555 agreement to formally accept the division of Christianity in Germany between Catholicism and Lutheranism. It did not allow religious choice for individuals, only for German rulers to choose for their subjects.

68 FIB = fill in the blank, no word bankOn a regular QUIZ: You must answer my questions ABOUT the terms we have covered in HW or classFIB = fill in the blank, no word bankI give you the definition and you write the vocabulary term from your comps sheetSpelling must be phonetically closeWriting must be PRINTED Legibly+10 pts if you get 100% on the Vocab Quiz / +5 pts if you get all 30 on the Unit TEST