the equator and at high latitudes and are a substantial fraction of the

average 30-nanohertz difference in Ω with radius across the

tachocline at the equator. The results indicate variations of rotation

close to the presumed site of the solar dynamo, which may generate

the 22-year cycles of magnetic activity.

The plot below shows a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Spectra of the Solar Motion about the Barycentre of the Solar System caused by the Terrestrial planets.

The Solar Baycentric motion due to the Terrestrial planets is

dominated by the Synodic periods of Venus/Earth (= 1.5593 yrs)

and Earth/Mars (=2.13 years). Also evident in this plot is the

~ 6.4 year beat period between these two synodic periods

(i.e. Venus/Earth and Earth/Mars).

Now, I knew thatJovian planets act like a large washing

machine, stirring the inner terrestrial planets with a

gravitational force that varies with a frequency that is

determined by the beat period between two main competing

Jovian planetary alignments.

The first is that produced by the the retrograde tri-synodic

period of Jupiter/Saturn ( = 59.577 yrs) and the second is

the pro-gradesynodic period of Uranus/Neptune (171.41 yrs):

(59.577 x 171.41) / (171.41 + 59.577) = 44.21 yrs

This driving period of the Jovian planets closley matched

the synodic periods of the three largest Terrestrial planets

with Jupiter:

69 × SVJ = 44.770 yrs SVJ = synodic period Venus/Jupiter

41 × SEJ = 44.774 yrs SEJ = synodic period Earth/Jupiter

20 × SMJ = 44.704 yrs SMJ = synodic period Mars/Jupiter

The 44. 7 year period for the three largest Terrestrial planets

to realign with Jupiter appears to link Jupiter's orbital period

directly into the time it takes for the three largest terrestrial

planets to return to their same (relative) orbital configuration,

which just happens to be 6.40 years:

4 x SVE = 6.3946 yrs SVE = synodic period Venus/Earth

3 x SEM = 6.4059 yrs SEM = synodic period Earth/Mars

7 x SVM = 6.3995 yrs SVM = synodic period Venus/Mars

28 × SVE = 7 x (6.3946 yrs) = 44.763 yrs

This lead me to propose that resonances in the relative

motion of the Jovian planets had effectively molded and

shaped the orbital periods of the three main terrestrial

planets, producing the 6.4 year period for their orbital

realignment.

In addition, I proposed that the gravitational/tidal pumping

action of the Jovian planets would lead to a 6.4 amplitude

modulation of the dominant 1.6 year frequency of the Sun's

Barycentric motion [See the graph above], producing two

side-lobes, one at 1.28 years and the other at 2.13 years.

I speculated that it was this ~ 1.3 year side lobe that was driving the fundamental solar oscillation that Howe et al. 2000 had observed near the Tachocline boundary.

This "discovery" lead me to think that the relative orbitalconfigurations of the Jovian planets were not directly responsible for modulating/driving the level of solar activity on the Sun. Instead, I began to realize that it was more likely that the motion of the Jovian planets had molded the orbitalperiods of the terrestrial planets and it was the tidal effectsof the latter (i.e. mostly due to tidal alignments of Venus and the Earth) that were directly responsible for driving/modulating the Sun's activity, especially when they were coupled with the effects of Jupiter's dominant gravitational force acting upon the convective layers of theSun.

This revelation lead me to propose the tidal-torquing(spin-orbit coupling) model that I have outlined at:

Sunday, March 18, 2012

Imagine that Venus and Earth are aligned
directly above a point A that is on the surface of the Sun. The combined tidal
force of Venus and Earth produced two tidal bulges upon the surface of the Sun
located at A and B.

Jupiter is located at an angle θ to the line joining
the two tidal

bulges at A and B. Let Rs be the radius of the Sun = OA = OB.

Now by the cosine rule:

JB2 = RJ2
+ Rs2 – 2 × RJ × Rs × cos(θ) and

JA2 = RJ2 + Rs2 – 2
×RJ × Rs × cos(π - θ)

= RJ2
+ Rs2 + 2 ×RJ × Rs × cos(θ)

Let angle JAO = φ

and
angle JBO = ψ

then by the sine rule:

RJ / sin (φ) = JA / sin
(π – θ) and

RJ / sin(ψ) = JB / sin (θ)

therefore:

sin (φ) = (RJ
/ JA) × sin (π – θ)

sin (ψ) = (RJ / JB) × sin (θ)

By Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation

Ff = G MJ MS
/ JA2 = const / JA2 const = G MJ
MS

Fn = G MJ MS / JB2
= const / JB2

Now

Ffp = Ff ×
sin(φ)

hence:

Ffp= (const / JA2) × (RJ / JA) x sin (π− θ)

= (const’ / JA3) × sin (θ)

const’=
const × RJ

and

Fnp = Fn × cos (ψ – π/2)

= Fn × cos (-(π/2 – ψ))

=
Fn × cos (π/2 – ψ)

= Fn × sin (ψ))

hence:

Fnp = (const / JB2) × (RJ /JB) × sin (θ)

= (const’ / JB3) × sin (θ)

Finally: ΔF = The net tangential force of Jupiter's

gravitational on the Sun's tidal bulges

ΔF = Fnp – Ffp

= const’ × [(1 / JB3) – (1
/ JA3)] × sin (θ)

ΔF = const’ × {(1 / [RJ2 + Rs2
– 2 × RJ × Rs × cos(θ)]3/2)

− (1 / [RJ2 + Rs2 +
2 ×RJ × Rs × cos(θ)]3/2)} × sin(θ)

The following graph shows the net tangential acceleration of the

Sun's surface due to Jupiter's gravitational force acting upon the

tidal bulges that are induced

by

Venus/Earth upon the Sun's surface as a function of Jupiter's angle θ (please refer to diagram above). Note: It is assumed that Jupiter's force only acts upon one percent of the mass of the convective zone of the Sun (=0.0002 % of the mass of the Sun).

Even under these ideal assumptions, the maximum peak acceleration

only reaches ~ 3.0 micro-metres per second^2.

Assuming that half this peak acceleration is applied to 0.02 % of the Sun's mass for one full day at each of the roughly seven alignments of Venus and Earth over the 11.07 years it takes for θ to change from 0 to 90, the net change to to the Sun's velocity should be

acceleration x delta time ~1.5x10^(-6) x 7 x 24 x 3600 ~ 0.91 m/sec

Given these highly optimistic assumptions, it could be argued that if Jupiter's gravitational force only had to change the rotationalvelocity of one % of the mass of the convective zone of the Sun (~ 0.02 % of the mass of the Sun) it would produce a significantchange rotational velocity of this small amount of mass.

Of course, the assumptions used in these calculation require that the one % of the Sun's convective layer mass that is affected by Jupiter's gravity is dynamically decoupled from the remaining 0.998 % of the Sun's mass. At this stage, there is no region of the Sun's convective layer that is known to be effectively dynamically decoupled from the rest of the Sun. In addition, even if such a region did exist within the Sun's convective zone, we have no idea of its relative mass.

Given these large uncertainties, all we can say is that the 0.91 m/sec change in rotational velocity is most likely a loose upper bound to the real value.

(N.B. All the arguments given above assume that there are no other induced asymmetries in the spherical shape of the Sun other than those produced by the combined tidal forces of Venus and Earth at the time of alignment).

CONCLUSION

The simple planetary spin-orbit coupling model does not

appear to produce a significant change in the velocity of

rotation in the outer layers of the Sun.

Hence, in order for it to taken seriously, the planetary spin-orbit coupling model would require a considerable and as yet unknown amplification mechanism .

[N.B. In the above diagram the planets are revolving in a
clock-wise direction and the Sun is rotating in a clock-wise
direction. Also, when near-side and far-side tidal bulges on
the Sun's surface are referred to, it is with respect to the
aligned planets Earth and Venus.]

Abstract: This study looks for evidence of a correlation between long-term changes in the lunar tidal forces and the interannual to decadal variability of the peak latitude anomaly of the summer (DJF) subtropical high pressure ridge over Eastern Australia (LSA) between 1860 and 2010. A simple "resonance" model is proposed that assumes that if lunar tides play a role in influencing LSA, it is most likely one where the tidal forces act in "resonance" with the changes caused by the far more dominant solar-driven seasonal cycles. With this type of model, it is not so much in what years do the lunar tides reach their maximum strength, but whether or not there are peaks in the strength of the lunar tides that re-occur at the same time within the annual seasonal cycle. The “resonance” model predicts that if the seasonal peak lunar tides have a measurable effect upon LSA then there should be significant oscillatory signals in LSA that vary in-phase with the 9.31 year draconic spring tides, the 8.85 year perigean spring tides, and the 3.80 year peak spring tides. This study identifies significant peaks in the spectrum of LSA at 9.4 (+0.4/-0.3) and 3.78 (± 0.06) tropical years. In addition, it shows that the 9.4 year signal is in-phase with the draconic spring tidal cycle, while the phase of the 3.8 year signal is retarded by one year compared to the 3.8 year peak spring tidal cycle. Thus, this paper supports the conclusion that long-term changes in the lunar tides, in combination with the more dominant solar-driven seasonal cycles, play an important role in determining the observed inter-annual to decadal variations of LSA.

The above graph shows that there is actually quite a good match between the number of days the nearest Full/New moon is from perihelion and the peaks in LSA (see the diagram below). In fact, the correspondence between the peaks in the data sets are (generally) so good, that it is possible identify peaks in LSA that are caused by large Plinarian [> 4] volcanic eruptions to the near north of Australia. (i.e. in the Indonesian Archipelago (e.g. Krakatoa in 1883) and New Britain).

A recently published paper that supports the assertion that atmospheric tides can have an influence upon regional weather patterns on times scales of ~ two weeks.

Received 22 July 2011; revised 13 October 2011; accepted 13 October 2011; published 15 December 2011.

Short‐term tidal variations occurring every 27.3 days from southern (negative) to northern (positive) maximum lunar declinations (MLDs), and back to southern declination of the moon have been overlooked in weather studies. These short‐term MLD variations’ significance is that when lunar declination is greatest, tidal forces operating on the high latitudes of both hemispheres are maximized. We find that such tidal forces deform the high latitude Rossby longwaves. Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data set, we identify that the 27.3 day MLD cycle’s influence on circulation is greatest in the upper troposphere of both hemispheres’ high latitudes. The effect is distinctly regional with high impact over central North America and the British Isles. Through this lunar variation, mid-latitude weather forecasting for two‐week forecast

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