SOCIAL SCIENCE THEORY ESSAYMost of the things we know about human´s behaviour has come out because of the different psychological theories. We may question why there are so many different psychological perspectives, which one is right and which one is wrong. Most Psychologists nowadays would say that none of the theories are correct. However, in the early days, the Psychologists would agree that all the theories were the only truly scientific one. Psychology is a science dedicated to the study of our mind and behaviour. There are different ways of understanding the human mind and behaviour, those ways are called perspectives. A perspective is basically a point of view or a way of considering how some things are linked together and their importance. Sigmund Freud known as the father of psychoanalysis was a famous physiologist, medical doctor and an influential thinker of the early twenties. Freud was the one who created a new method to understand the human personality. He had one of the most provocative minds of the last century. Freud was the one that improved the theory of psychodynamic psychology and the famous treatment known as psychoanalysis. Freud was one of the most brilliant thinkers in the last century, he brought public attention by his ideas of we usually are not conscious of the aspects of ourselves. He believed that what people are conscious of is symbolized in our minds, memories and feelings. Freud believed that the things we experienced in the past are part of our mind that he called the unconscious. However, we are not able to access the contents in our unconscious, they often appear in our dreams. Freud described the unconscious mind has an iceberg where only a very small part of it is accessible to awareness. The part of the unconscious that he believed it can be accessed very easily he named the pre-conscious.

The importance of an early experience is evidently illustrated by Freud’s development theory of psychosexual development. He described that each stage of our life concentrates on a part of the body that is relevant at that stage. If the needs of the individual are achieved on that stage, the he or she was ready to go into the next stage. However, if the individual struggles to achieve that stage then he or she becomes stuck in this stage. Freud believed that these results are the ones that we carry through into the adulthood and it can possibly explain our behaviours later in life. Stretch and Whitehouse (2010) The early stage of an individual is called the oral stage. The focus on this stage is on the mouth and activities like, sucking, licking and biting. Freud believes that there could be two reasons for fixation. If the infant was discouraged two early, It could make the infant feels unsatisfied and the infant could become a negative, sarcastic person. If, in the other hand, the infant was over-gratified, the infant could develop a gullible personality, easily trusting in others and with a tendency of swallow anything. The early stage lasts from birth to approximately 18 months. Stretch and Whitehouse (2010) If the infant gets through the stage with no problems, the next stage is called the anal stage, where the infant focuses on aspects to do with potty training. If there is a fight between the parents and the child during the potty training or if the child does not feel comfortable while potty training, they may rebel by retaining their faeces. This type of fixation is called anally retentive. The child is not given the opportunity to enjoy potty training so the child can become a very disorganised person. During the ages of four and five, the child passes through the phallic stage. Freud believed that this stage is associated with nervousness and guilt feelings about sex and fear of castration for males. If this stage is not passes successfully, this theory suggests that a boy could become homosexual and a girl could become a lesbian. Freud thought these were abnormal fixations...

YOU MAY ALSO FIND THESE DOCUMENTS HELPFUL

...Humanities and SocialSciences
According to the free online dictionary, humanities refers to the branch of knowledge, such as Philosophy, Literature, and Art concerned with human thought and culture; the liberal arts. Studies intend to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills.
Disciplines in Humanities and SocialSciences (according to The Ohio Humanities Council)
 History, Anthropology and Archaeology study human social, political, and cultural development.
 Literature, languages, and Linguistics explore how we communicate with each other and how our ideas and thoughts on the human experience are expressed and interpreted.
 Philosophy, Ethics, and Comparative Religion consider ideas about meaning of life and reason for our thoughts and actions.
 Jurisprudence examines the values and principles inform our laws.
 Historical, Critical, and Theoretical Approaches to the Arts reflect upon and analyze the creative process.
 The study of social studies encompasses a broad base of knowledge consisting of the different branches of socialscience such as anthropology, geography, history, civics, economics, political science, culture and sociology. Social studies is described as the study of a variety of fields that deal with human behavior and interactions of the past and...

...What is SocialScience?
“Socialscience is, in its broadest sense, the study of society and the manner in which people behave and influence the world around us” (Economic and Social Research Council)
Specifically, study of Human behavior (what people do) Characteristics (who people are) Value (what people prefer)
SocialScience cont…
Subjects Anthropology, Communication studies, Criminology, Economics, Geography, History, Political science, Psychology, Social studies, and sociology ethnicity and gender, employment and leisure, recreation & tourism, population health, lifestyle & wellbeing just to name a few
What is SocialScience Research?
“Social research is a scientific undertaking which by means of logical methods, aim to discover new facts or old facts and to analyze their sequences, interrelationships, casual explanations and natural laws which govern them.” (www.scribd.com) It applies scientific method to social inquiry on  Human beings and their life contexts  Philosophical questions relating to the • Nature of knowledge (epistemology), • Values (axiology) and • Being (ontology) (Somekh, 2005)
Objectives of social research
1) To facilitate the understanding of human behavior 2) It seeks to find explanation to unexplained social 3)
4)...

...﻿The SocialSciences
Complete and submit this assignment by the due date to receive full credit.
(7 points)
1. Rank the seven socialsciences (anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology) according to what you believe is their importance and influence on the people in a modern society.
Answer:
1.Psychology (How humans think influences most, if not all of thesocialsciences.)
2.Sociology (This helps figure out how society thinks. If you understand how society thinks, you can improve it.)
3.Political Science (Politics runs every country.)
4.History (This helps everybody now which ideas and actions were successful, and which ones were mistakes.)
5.Economics (Money also runs every country,obviously.)
6.Anthropology ( Everybody wants to know where and how humans came to be.
7.Geography (Helps you know where everythings is, climate , and what groups of people live in each region.
(43 points)
2. Write a persuasive essay that defends your ranking of the seven socialsciences. Use specific facts and details from your personal experiences and reading to support your point of view. Review the Grading Assignment Rubric and the Persuasive Essay sheet before writing your essay.
Answer:
What’s your order of ranked for the...

...Discuss the view that socialscience has no role in disease control.
SocialSciences are the disciplines that use the scientific method to examine the social world, in contrast to the natural sciences, which examine the physical world. Examples of socialsciences include economics, psychology, geography, communication studies, anthropology, law, history, and politicalscience. Like the two sides of the coin, there are generally two school of thoughts about the role of the these socialsciences in disease control-some believe that the socialsciences do not really play any part in the control of diseases in the society since they are not so much specialized in basic health care techniques whiles others still think that the socialsciences is a wonderful facet of science making immense breakthrough as far as disease control is concerned. Applied socialscience for public health is defined as an interdisciplinary and dynamic field which integrates the knowledge and tools for research and analysis from a range of socialscience disciplines for the purposes of understanding the various determinants of health in individuals and populations and developing, implementing and evaluating sustainable...

...February 12, 2007
SS12A/Makeup
SocialScience Research, Methods, and Differing Perspectives
When SocialScience, and Social Research is conducted, researchers may find useful and interesting information and data in helping better understand topics that may better shed light on topics concerning people, society, and their environments around them. However, this research done bysocial scientists and researchers may ultimately be affected by 2 variables in research. The methods by which research and data is gained, and the perspective by which this information is processed and then viewed. Better understanding of these methods and perspectives after research is done, would lead to more thorough, accurate, and relevant information across the board.
Taking a look into this research, first a definition and a deeper understanding of SocialScience and Social Research must be examined. In the book, A Short Introduction to Social Research, by Matt Henn, Mark Weinstein, and Nick Foard, social research is examined. The reasons for its conduction says, "Social research may be carried out for a variety of reasons. For students and university academics, social research is conducted in order to extend our knowledge about some aspect of social life that we are...

...International Relations is known as an American SocialScience. What are the implications of this for studying and understanding international relations?
IR may be attributed as an American SocialScience because of the dominance of United States both in International Relations as an academic discipline, and international relations as a reference to the foreign policy. IR had chance to shine in United States because United States has been a world power since the establishment of such a scholarly discipline. Simply because US is a hegemonic world power, studying US foreign policy is more or less similar to studying world politics. That is why scholars in North America were lucky enough to influence the development of the field. On the other hand, some scholars argue that IR developments in Europe are also as significant as United States contributions to IR. However, these arguments will not be covered in this essay.
The effects of United States on IR as an academic discipline are of great importance because the discipline have been simply dominated by scholars in North America. Not only the scholars who were of American origin, but also many European scholars who conducted their studies in America, such as Morgenthau, contributed a lot to the developments in the field. The result is the Western centric approach to International Relations which we study today. It will not be wrong to argue that liberal...

...| 1st Stage :Sociology As Social Philosophy =characterized by the inclusion of sociology in college and university offerings and taught as social philosophy = |
* | Fr. Valentin Marin from University of Santo Tomas = Introduced the sociology in the Philippines |
* | A.W Salt and Murray Bartlett = offered similar courses at the University Of the Philippines |
* | Clyde Heflin = offered similar courses at the Silliman University at Dumaguete |
* | Conrade Benitez and Luis Rivera, Filipino Social Scientists = taught sociology courses using materials that went western in orientation |
Development of Sociology in the Philippines
| 2nd Stage :Sociology As Problem or Welfare Oriented = |
* | 1938 – Serafin N. Macaraig is the first Filipino to acquire doctorate degree in sociology and to write a sociology textbook, An Introduction to Sociology. |
* | Sociology made a little dent on the academic communities. |
* | H. Otley Beyer merged into a department the sociology and anthropology that is why some social research studies about Phillippine Ethnic Groups are made. |
* | Sociology gained more academic recognition in the 40’s but very little systematic social research was conducted in the field. |
| 3rd Stage :Sociology As Scientific Orientation |
* | 1950’s – increased number of educational exchange program...