The varieties include the hybrid yellow granex, varieties of granex parentage, and other similar varieties recommended by the Vidalia Onion Committee and approved by the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture.

The onions are named Vidalia because of where they are grown, Vidalia, Georgia (growing there started in the early 1930s). The different varieties are unusually sweet, due to the low amount of sulfur in the soil in which the onions are grown.

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Georgia's state legislature passed the "Vidalia Onion Act of 1986" which authorized a trademark for "Vidalia Onions" and limits the production area to the following counties of Georgia that have or any subset as defined by the state's Commissioner of Agriculture. The current definition includes:

The animated series Steven Universe features a character named Vidalia in the episode 'Story for Steven'. She is shown with Greg Universe's manager Marty. She later appears in 'Onion Friend', where she is revealed to be the mother of another recurring character named Onion.