We study the restriction of the Bump-Friedberg integrals to affine
lines $\{(s+\alpha,2s),s\in\mathbb{C}\}$.
It has a simple theory, very close to that of the Asai $L$-function.
It is an integral representation of the product
$L(s+\alpha,\pi)L(2s,\Lambda^2,\pi)$ which we denote by $L^{lin}(s,\pi,\alpha)$
for this abstract, when $\pi$ is a cuspidal automorphic
representation of $GL(k,\mathbb{A})$ for
$\mathbb{A}$ the adeles of a number field. When $k$ is even, we show
that for a cuspidal automorphic representation $\pi$,
the partial $L$-function $L^{lin,S}(s,\pi,\alpha)$ has a pole
at $1/2$, if and only if $\pi$ admits a (twisted) global
period, this gives a more direct proof of a
theorem of Jacquet and Friedberg, asserting
that $\pi$ has a twisted global period if and only if $L(\alpha+1/2,\pi)\neq
0$ and $L(1,\Lambda^2,\pi)=\infty$.
When $k$ is odd, the partial $L$-function is holmorphic in a
neighbourhood of $Re(s)\geq 1/2$ when $Re(\alpha)$ is
$\geq 0$.

Let $n$ be a positive even integer, and let $F$ be a totally real
number field and $L$ be an abelian Galois extension which is totally
real or CM.
Fix a finite set $S$ of primes of $F$ containing the infinite primes
and all those which ramify in
$L$, and let $S_L$ denote the primes of $L$ lying above those in
$S$. Then $\mathcal{O}_L^S$ denotes the ring of $S_L$-integers of $L$.
Suppose that $\psi$ is a quadratic character of the Galois group of
$L$ over $F$. Under the assumption of the motivic Lichtenbaum
conjecture, we obtain a non-trivial annihilator of the motivic
cohomology group
$H_\mathcal{M}^2(\mathcal{O}_L^S,\mathbb{Z}(n))$ from the lead term of the Taylor series for the
$S$-modified Artin $L$-function $L_{L/F}^S(s,\psi)$ at $s=1-n$.

Inspired by the invariant of a number field given by its zeta
function, we define the notion of weak arithmetic equivalence and show
that under certain ramification hypotheses, this equivalence
determines the local root numbers of the number field. This is
analogous to a result of Rohrlich on the local root numbers of a
rational elliptic curve. Additionally, we prove that for tame
non-totally real number fields, the integral trace form is invariant
under arithmetic equivalence.

Let $g \geq 2$. A real number is said to be $g$-normal if its base $g$ expansion contains every finite sequence of digits with the expected limiting frequency. Let $\phi$ denote Euler's totient function, let $\sigma$ be the sum-of-divisors function, and let $\lambda$ be Carmichael's lambda-function. We show that if $f$ is any function formed by composing $\phi$, $\sigma$, or $\lambda$, then the number
\[ 0. f(1) f(2) f(3) \dots \]
obtained by concatenating the base $g$ digits of successive $f$-values is $g$-normal. We also prove the same result if the inputs $1, 2, 3, \dots$ are replaced with the primes $2, 3, 5, \dots$. The proof is an adaptation of a method introduced by Copeland and ErdÅs in 1946 to prove the $10$-normality of $0.235711131719\ldots$.

Let $g \geq 2$. A real number is said to be $g$-normal if its base $g$ expansion contains every finite sequence of digits with the expected limiting frequency. Let $\phi$ denote Euler's totient function, let $\sigma$ be the sum-of-divisors function, and let $\lambda$ be Carmichael's lambda-function. We show that if $f$ is any function formed by composing $\phi$, $\sigma$, or $\lambda$, then the number
\[ 0. f(1) f(2) f(3) \dots \]
obtained by concatenating the base $g$ digits of successive $f$-values is $g$-normal. We also prove the same result if the inputs $1, 2, 3, \dots$ are replaced with the primes $2, 3, 5, \dots$. The proof is an adaptation of a method introduced by Copeland and ErdÅs in 1946 to prove the $10$-normality of $0.235711131719\ldots$.

For relatively prime positive integers $u_0$ and $r$, we consider the
least common multiple $L_n:=\mathop{\textrm{lcm}}(u_0,u_1,\dots, u_n)$ of the finite
arithmetic progression $\{u_k:=u_0+kr\}_{k=0}^n$. We derive new lower
bounds on $L_n$ that improve upon those obtained previously when
either $u_0$ or $n$ is large. When $r$ is prime, our best bound is
sharp up to a factor of $n+1$ for $u_0$ properly chosen, and is also
nearly sharp as $n\to\infty$.

Let $a,b$ and $c$ be primitive Pythagorean numbers such that
$a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}$ with $b$ even.
In this paper, we show that if $b_0 \equiv \epsilon \pmod{a}$
with $\epsilon \in \{\pm1\}$
for certain positive divisors $b_0$ of $b$,
then the Diophantine equation $a^{x}+b^{y}=c^z$ has only the
positive solution $(x,y,z)=(2,2,2)$.

In this article we develop a test to determine whether a sextic
polynomial that is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$ has Galois group isomorphic
to the alternating group $A_4$. This test does not involve the
computation of resolvents, and we use this test to construct several
infinite families of such polynomials.

We prove the following Theorem. Suppose that $F=(f_1, f_2)$ is a $2$-dimensional vector-valued modular form
on $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ whose component functions $f_1, f_2$ have rational Fourier coefficients
with bounded denominators. Then $f_1$ and $f_2$ are classical modular forms on a congruence subgroup of the modular group.

Let $f$ be a modular form which is non-ordinary at $p$. Loeffler has
recently constructed four two-variable $p$-adic $L$-functions
associated to $f$. In the case where $a_p=0$, he showed that, as in
the one-variable case, Pollack's plus and minus splitting applies to
these new objects. In this article, we show that such a splitting can
be generalised to the case where $a_p\ne0$ using Sprung's logarithmic
matrix.

We prove some results concerning covolutions, the
additive energy and sumsets of convex sets and its generalizations. In
particular, we show that if a set $A=\{a_1,\dots,a_n\}_\lt \subseteq
\mathbb R$ has
the property that for every fixed
$1\leqslant d\lt n,$ all differences $a_i-a_{i-d}$, $d\lt i\lt n,$ are distinct, then
$|A+A|\gg |A|^{3/2+c}$ for a constant $c\gt 0.$

We study analytic properties function $m(z, E)$, which is defined on the upper half-plane as an integral from the shifted $L$-function of an elliptic curve. We show that $m(z, E)$ analytically continues to a meromorphic function on the whole complex plane and satisfies certain functional equation. Moreover, we give explicit formula for $m(z, E)$ in the strip $|\Im{z}|\lt 2\pi$.

In this paper, we study rational approximations for certain algebraic power series over a finite field.
We obtain results for irrational elements of strictly positive degree
satisfying an equation of the type
\begin{equation}
\alpha=\displaystyle\frac{A\alpha^{q}+B}{C\alpha^{q}}
\end{equation}
where $(A, B, C)\in
(\mathbb{F}_{q}[X])^{2}\times\mathbb{F}_{q}^{\star}[X]$.
In particular,
we will give, under some conditions on the polynomials $A$, $B$
and $C$, well approximated elements satisfying this equation.

We give an upper bound for the number elliptic Carmichael numbers $n \le x$
that have recently been introduced by J. H. Silverman in the case of an elliptic curve without complex multiplication (non CM). We also discuss
several possible ways for further improvements.

In this paper we give a lower bound
with respect to block length
for the trace of non-elliptic conjugacy classes
of the Hecke groups.
One consequence of our bound
is that there are finitely many
conjugacy classes of a given trace in any Hecke group.
We show that another consequence of our bound
is that
class numbers are finite for
related hyperbolic \( \mathbb{Z}[\lambda] \)-binary quadratic forms.
We give canonical class representatives
and calculate class numbers
for some classes of hyperbolic \( \mathbb{Z}[\lambda] \)-binary quadratic forms.

For any finite Galois extension $K$ of $\mathbb Q$
and any conjugacy class $C$ in $\operatorname {Gal}(K/\mathbb Q)$,
we show that there exist infinitely many Carmichael numbers
composed solely of primes for which the associated class of Frobenius
automorphisms is $C$. This result implies that for every natural
number $n$ there are infinitely many Carmichael numbers of the form
$a^2+nb^2$ with $a,b\in\mathbb Z $.

Let $a_1, \cdots, a_9$ be non-zero integers and $n$ any integer. Suppose
that $a_1+\cdots+a_9 \equiv n( \textrm{mod}\,2)$ and $(a_i, a_j)=1$ for $1 \leq i \lt j \leq 9$.
In this paper we prove that (i) if $a_j$ are not all of the same sign, then the above cubic
equation has prime solutions satisfying
$p_j \ll |n|^{1/3}+\textrm{max}\{|a_j|\}^{14+\varepsilon};$
and (ii) if all $a_j$ are positive and $n \gg \textrm{max}\{|a_j|\}^{43+\varepsilon}$, then the cubic
equation $a_1p_1^3+\cdots +a_9p_9^3=n$ is soluble in primes $p_j$.
This result is the extension of the linear and quadratic relative problems.

The Mahler measure of a nonzero $n$-variable polynomial $P$ is the integral of
$\log|P|$ on the unit $n$-torus. A result of Boyd and Lawton says that
the Mahler measure of a multivariate polynomial is the limit of Mahler
measures of univariate polynomials. We prove the analogous
result for different extensions of Mahler measure such as generalized
Mahler measure (integrating the maximum of $\log|P|$ for possibly
different $P$'s),
multiple Mahler measure (involving products of $\log|P|$ for possibly
different $P$'s), and higher Mahler measure (involving $\log^k|P|$).

We obtain an asymptotic formula for the number
of square-free integers in $N$ consecutive values
of polynomials on average over integral
polynomials of degree at most $k$ and of
height at most $H$, where $H \ge N^{k-1+\varepsilon}$
for some fixed $\varepsilon\gt 0$.
Individual results of this kind for polynomials of degree $k \gt 3$,
due to A. Granville (1998),
are only known under the $ABC$-conjecture.

Let $1 \lt p_1 \leq p_2 \leq p_3 \leq \dots$ be an infinite sequence
$\mathcal{P}$ of real numbers for which $p_i \to \infty$, and associate to
this sequence the \emph{Beurling zeta function} $\zeta_{\mathcal{P}}(s):=
\prod_{i=1}^{\infty}(1-p_i^{-s})^{-1}$. Suppose that for some constant
$A\gt 0$, we have
$\zeta_{\mathcal{P}}(s) \sim A/(s-1)$, as $s\downarrow 1$. We prove that
$\mathcal{P}$ satisfies an analogue of a classical theorem of Mertens:
$\prod_{p_i \leq x}(1-1/p_i)^{-1} \sim A \e^{\gamma} \log{x}$, as
$x\to\infty$.
Here $\e = 2.71828\ldots$ is the base of the natural logarithm and
$\gamma = 0.57721\ldots$ is the usual Euler--Mascheroni constant. This
strengthens a recent theorem of Olofsson.

In this paper we study the notion of equivariant forms introduced in
the authors' previous works. In particular, we completely classify all the
equivariant forms for a subgroup of
$\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$
by means of the cross-ratio, the weight
2 modular forms, the quasimodular forms, as well as differential forms
of a Riemann surface and sections of a canonical line bundle.

Let $b\gt 1$ be an integer. We prove that for almost all $n$, the sum of the
digits in base $b$ of the numerator of the Bernoulli number $B_{2n}$
exceeds $c\log n$, where $c:=c(b)\gt 0$ is some constant depending on
$b$.