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Abstract

The type of ferrofluid display involved here uses immiscible magnetic and nonmagnetic liquids, one of which liquids is pigmented with respect to the other located between two surfaces along with a bubble generating structure and bubble manipulating structures to form a visual display, by moving bubbles into desired places in a matrix, when desired.

Country

United States

Language

English (United States)

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The type of ferrofluid display involved here uses immiscible magnetic and
nonmagnetic liquids, one of which liquids is pigmented with respect to the other
located between two surfaces along with a bubble generating structure and
bubble manipulating structures to form a visual display, by moving bubbles into
desired places in a matrix, when desired.

It has been proposed to use a magnetic field perpendicular to a ferrofluid
magnetic bubble display to polarize the bubbles magnetically, analogously to use
in magnetic bubble domain devices including propagation methods. This was
expensive and produced magnetic field interference with adjacent unrelated
equipment. However, liquid bubbles can also be propagated without a
perpendicular magnetic field, using an in-plane magnetic-field rotating at only half
the speed needed in the conventional bubble domain case for a given number of
unit cell propagations per second.

Fig. 1 shows a ferrofluid display system in schematic form with a set of only
five shift registers SR shown, to illustrate the type of display arrangement which
can be provided by showing only a small fraction of the number of shift registers
required for a display. The shift register may be of several varieties, such as T
and I bars used with amorphous bubble domain devices or those described in
connection with Figs. 2A-2E, as well as Figs. 4A-4C described below.

A reservoir V is connected to a series of bubble generators G that constantly
generate bubbles at a predetermined rate which pass to bubble selector switches
S, which can pass bubbles on to the register SR or back to reservoir V through
line L. The bubbles are returned to reservoir V from registers SR through
recirculator line R.

For controlling location of the bubbles in the field, a number of permeable
shift register structures can be provided such as a double sawtooth Fig. 2A. a
sawtooth 2B, a triangle Fig. 2C, a sine wave, Fig. 2D, and an angle bar, Fig. 2E.

In Fig. 3, a display using ferrofluid droplets to form images needs recycling of
droplets back into a reservoir after the droplets' function ends. This recirculator is
a magnetic nonmetering pump. The pump of Fig. 3 consists of a continuous
sawtooth pattern 10 made of magnetic material and a rotating magnetic field.
Wetting of the pattern by ferrofluid is not desired. However, there are other
recirculation schemes in which it may be preferred to have the pattern or parts
thereof preferentially wetted by the ferrofluid 14. In such cases, capillary forces
are used to permit adequate recirculation.

Sawtooth recirculator pattern 10 surrounding the periphery of a device
holding ferrofluid in a host liquid between two plates (of which one is transparent
and forms the window of the display) recirculates, i.e., propagates the ferrofluid
droplets 15 back to reservoir 12. Propagation patterns within...