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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 1
INTRODUCTION 1
CLIMATE................................................................................................................................................2
GEOMORPHOLOGY AND GEOLOGY ..........................................................................................................2
SOILS......................................................................................................................................................2
GENERAL HABITAT TYPES........................................................................................................................3
METHODS 3
FEDERAL AND STATE DATABASE INVENTORY ..........................................................................................6
THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ...............................................................................................6
STATE SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN ......................................................................................................8
RESULTS 11
FALL 2006 SAMPLING...........................................................................................................................12
WINTER 2007 SAMPLING .......................................................................................................................12
SPRING 2007 SAMPLING ........................................................................................................................12
SUMMER 2007 SAMPLING......................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES 13
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 15
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES................................................................................6
TABLE 2 STATE SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN .......................................................................................8
APPENDIX
Appendix A Project Location Map
Appendix B Comprehensive Historical List of Flora and Fauna in Tulsa County
Appendix C Sample Station Location Maps
Appendix D Selected Photographs of Sampling Stations
Appendix E Fall 2006 Sampling –List of Observed Species
Appendix F Winter 2007 Sampling – List of Observed Species
Appendix G Spring 2007 Sampling – List of Observed Species
Appendix H Summer 2007 Sampling – List of Observed Species
Appendix I American Burying Beetle Survey Report
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 2 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
The plants and animals that occur in a region are the direct result of the interrelations of climate and
geology toward the formation of soil. The following paragraphs provide a summary of the climatic,
geologic, and soil characteristics of the Arkansas River Corridor study area.
Climate
The climate of Tulsa County is a temperate. The normal annual temperature is about 60 degrees
Fahrenheit (F). The average annual maximum and minimum temperatures are 71° and 49° F,
respectively. The highest recorded temperature was 115° F and the lowest recorded temperature was -
15° F. On average, the relative humidity ranges between 47% and 92%. The normal annual
precipitation is about 42 inches with approximately 83 days per year of precipitation. The majority of
the annual rainfall (64%) occurs between April and September. Thunderstorms occur predominantly
in the spring and summer for about 50 days out of the year. The prevailing winds across Tulsa County
are predominantly from the south to southeast and the wind speeds average nearly seven miles per
hour on an annual basis (Bennison, 1972; Oklahoma Climatological Survey).
Geomorphology and Geology
Geomorphic features identified in Tulsa County include the Eastern Sandstone Cuesta Plain and the
Claremore Cuesta Plain. The Eastern Sandstone Cuesta Plain forms rugged hills with one steep face.
The Claremore Cuesta Plain produces less pronounced and frequent hills and is composed of
sandstone and limestone on top of the broad shale plains. The Claremore Cuesta Plain occurs
throughout the rest of the county (Johnson, 1979). These hills form the topographic highs while the
Arkansas River forms the topographic lows. These topographic highs and lows define the watersheds
and drainage basin boundaries for the Arkansas River within the study area. The relief ranges from
180 to 300 feet when the cuestas are close to the river and 20 to 60 feet when the floodplains dominate
the landscape.
The geology of the ARC study area is underlain by rocks of Pennsylvanian age. The hills along the
upper reaches of the river are composed of the Dewey Limestone and Nellie Bly Formation. The rock
formations become progressively younger downstream and include the Coffeyville, Checkerboard
Limestone, Seminole, Holdenville, and Nowata Shale. These rocks were formed in ancient river and
sea deposits that include delta; prodelta; subtidal clastics and marine shell banks; shallow marine
banks; platform shallow marine, and; marine basinal shales (Bennison, 1972; Marcher, 1988).
Quaternary river deposits overlie the younger Pennsylvanian formations on the broad floodplains
along the river. The younger Holocene deposits represent modern floodplain alluvium that overly
older Pleistocene terrace deposits. The deposits consist of unconsolidated gravels, sands, silts and
clays.
Soils
The Choska-Severn Association is the predominate soil along the Arkansas River. These soils are
deep, nearly level, well drained, loamy to gravelly soils overlying loamy and sandy materials on the
floodplains. There are four basic horizons with alternating colors of dark reddish brown and yellowish
red. The depth to groundwater is typically six feet. The depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches
(Cole, 1977).
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 3 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
General Habitat Types
The ARC survey corridor traverses many different habitat types or ecotones. Overall, habitat diversity
may be considered moderate with the following identified: upland forests (including northern cross
timbers) near Keystone Dam and at Turkey Mountain, riparian corridors along the river channel and
tributaries, tame pastures, agriculture fields, sod farms, native grass meadows, fallow fields in the rural
areas, and variable habitats associated with human-use metropolitan areas. The goal of this baseline
inventory was to sample the representative habitat types and identify the plant and animal species
associated therewith. Future surveys may be replicated at the respective sample stations in an effort to
detect changes in habitat and species richness that may result from construction projects, human
population growth, and/or metropolitan expansion (urban sprawl). A variety of habitats were sampled
ranging from residential developments to areas adjacent to commercial enterprises to relatively
pristine or undeveloped rural areas.
METHODS
The principle objective of this fauna and flora report is to conduct an inventory of the terrestrial plant
and vertebrate species up to a maximum distance of one-half mile from the centerline of the Arkansas
River. First, an inventory and review of existing federal and state databases, studies, and surveys for
species distribution and historical accounts was completed. The research focused on mammals, birds,
sensitive environments, and threatened and endangered species. Historical accounts of the respective
flora and fauna are provided at Appendix B. Finally, pedestrian surveys were conducted within the
five segments of the project area on a quarterly basis. The comprehensive inventory was conducted to
visually observe and document all mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and plants species within and
adjacent to the individual sample sites.
Terrestrial surveys were performed using randomly located sample plots within the five survey
corridor segments to determine the general floral and faunal composition. Fifteen 30-meter plots were
established along the river study corridor to survey the homogeneous habitat types either side of the
Arkansas River up to a maximum distance of one-half mile measured from the centerline of the river.
The floral survey consisted of observations of the dominant vegetation in each plot identified to
species (to the extent possible) during which each sample plot was photo-documented. Botanical
preservation would be coordinated with the respective agencies regarding the requested species
protocol. Floral inventories were conducted at each sample site within a 30-meter radius of sample
plot center, specified by GPS coordinates. The dominant plant species were identified at a minimum.
However, each observed species was identified to the extent practical and recorded resulting in a more
detailed inventory of plants represented within the predominant habitat types. The sample station
location maps are provided at Appendix C and selected photographs of each station are presented at
Appendix D. A brief and general habitat description of each sample site is provided below:
Survey Corridor Segment 1
1TR11.1 is characterized as a riparian corridor area situated at a relatively low elevation located on
the left descending bank of the river. The area is a moderately mature forested area with an open
understory. Soils were described as sandy to sandy loam. The area is part of a trail system associated
with the nature area and overlook downstream of Keystone Dam.
1TR11.2 is described as a narrow riparian zone adjacent to forested upland hillsides on the right
descending bank of the river.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 4 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
The area is relatively young-aged with a variety of species represented at 4 strata. Overstory
composition was somewhat limited and open which promoted a relatively dense understory.
Herbaceous species presence was limited and sparse.
1TR11.3 is located on a middle ridge bench on an upland forest hillside. The area was dominated by
oak and hickory species along the rocky outcrop. Canopy closure was estimated at greater that 70%
and the understory was comprised primarily of those species present in overstory. Herbaceous and
vine species were present but somewhat sparse in terms of stem density.
Survey Corridor Segment 2
1TR12.1 is located on the left descending bank of the river near Sand Springs and on the river side of
the levee. The area was very sandy and the observed vegetation was mostly at the herbaceous stratum.
A few trees were present and associated with the levee, depressional areas, and along the riverbank.
1TR12.2 was very similar to the previous sample site however; a depression wetland was identified
within the sample point. Dominated by herbaceous vegetation, the wetland area contained the majority
of the identified trees and understory. The overall area appears to have been disturbed and depression
area may be a former borrow or sand pit.
1TR12.3 is located on a very steep upland hillside situated well above the riverbank south of State
Highway 51. The sample site lies on the north slope of the rocky hillsides that may be the ancient river
bank bluff. The area is very rocky and rugged with relatively young-aged trees and a moderately open
understory.
Survey Corridor Segment 3
1TR13.1 lies within a mature upland forest on the top of Turkey Mountain overlooking the Arkansas
River to the east. Canopy closure was estimated at 50% with a moderately dense understory. The
surrounding area has been preserved from development and is currently used for outdoor activities
including hiking and off-road bicycling.
1TR13.2 is described as a moderately open second terrace riparian zone located on the left descending
bank. The area is relatively narrow and exhibited a moderately mature overstory. The understory and
herbaceous strata were well developed and diverse. Soils within this sample site were described as
sandy to sandy loam and well drained.
1TR13.3 is located in well maintained a residential area and was described as a partially fenced yard
dominated by Bermudagrass. Plant diversity appeared to be very low.
Survey Corridor Segment 4
1TR14.1 is very similar to 1TR13.2 and is also described as a moderately open second terrace riparian
zone located on the left descending bank. The overstory component was more developed and canopy
closure was ocularly estimated at 75%. The understory was not as diverse and the herb stratum was
not well represented. Soils within this sample site were described as sandy to sandy loam and well
drained.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 5 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
1TR14.2 is situated in a developing riparian forest near the confluence the confluence of Polecat
Creek with the Arkansas River. The sample site is relatively young but exhibited a diverse plant
community at all four strata. The area lies within the floodplain of the river and the stem density
within and adjacent to this site was considered moderate. Sandy well drained soils were prevalent
throughout the area.
1TR14.3 is situated between a fallow, previously disturbed open field dominated by forb species and a
well developed riparian corridor adjacent to the river. A small early successional stage upland forested
area lies between the two more prominent habitat features. Species diversity was considered moderate.
Survey Corridor Segment 5
1TR15.1 is located adjacent to and partially within a remnant oxbow on the left descending bank of
the river downstream of an active sand removal operation. The eastern edge of this sample site is
situated along the former riverbank while the western portion may be part of the sand removal
operation or former sand pit. The majority of the area was classified as a palustrine deciduous forest
seasonally flooded wetland (Cowardin Nomenclature PFO1C).
1TR15.2 is characterized as a developing forested floodplain area located between agriculture fields
and the ancient riverbank. While not classified as wetland, the area may be a remnant of a once
expansive floodplain riparian corridor associated with the river and a nearby creek channel. Situated
over one-quarter mile east of the left descending bank of the river, the area has not experienced
appreciable disturbance and contained a diverse array of plant species across four strata.
1TR15.3 is considered a relatively pristine sample site nestled along the ancient river bank that does
not appear to evidence any appreciable disturbance in recent history. The area contained several
mature hardwood species and a very diverse understory. Many species of vine were present however
due to the canopy coverage and additional understory shading the herbaceous component was
somewhat limited.
The faunal survey consisted of the visual observation of species within each plot or evidence of the
presence of the species, including but not limited to; observations of tracks, scat, carcasses, sign posts,
scent, skin, hair, feathers, and song in each plot. Earthen sign stations and/or scent posts were not
used. Detailed statistical analysis of populations were not considered a goal of this study rather a
general overall species presence or baseline inventory was to focus.
The flora and fauna surveys along the ARC (Arkansas River Corridor) were conducted by the Eagle
Environmental field sampling team based on the division of the 42-mile survey corridor along the
Arkansas River into 5 segments with 3 sample points in each segment for a total of 15 individual
sample points. Global Position System (GPS) coordinates for each flora and fauna sample point within
the survey segments were collected using sub-meter accuracy hand held Trimble and Sokkia GPS
units.
Surveys were performed to document those species present or utilizing the multiple different habitat
types associated with the Arkansas River corridor within Tulsa County. Specific intervals of time,
typically 15 minute intervals, were utilized to standardize the amount of time (effort) expended at each
sample station. Standard time periods ranged between 1 and 2 hours and were primarily utilized for
avian observation/detection surveys.
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Avian surveys were conducted using a fixed plot sample method however; approval was provided by
the USACE to include any species observed, detected, and/or evidenced within one-half mile of any
one sample site.
Mammal, amphibian, and reptile surveys were not considered time sensitive and were based on the
evidence of all species within the sample plot or vicinity. The preparation and archival of specimens,
as appropriate, would be coordinated with an accredited zoological museum for faunal collections.
However, no species of significance or special status has been observed or identified. Threatened and
endangered species as well as species of special concern in the State of Oklahoma were afforded
special attention to determine their use and locations.
Federal and State Database Inventory
Threatened and Endangered Species
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 declares the intention of Congress to protect all federally listed
threatened and endangered species and designated habitat of such species occurring in the United
States. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is the primary regulatory agency
responsible for ESA compliance. Coordination with the USFWS have determined that there are four
federally listed species that occur in Tulsa County that included: the endangered American burying
beetle (Nicrophorus americanus), the threatened (proposed for delisting) bald eagle (Haliaeetus
leucocephalus), the endangered interior least tern (Sterna antillarum), and the threatened piping plover
(Charadrius melodus) (Table 1). Descriptions of the species are provided below.
Table 1
Threatened and Endangered Species
Common Name Scientific Name Status
American Burying Beetle Nicrophorus americanus Endangered
Interior Least Tern Sterna antillarum Endangered
Piping Plover Charadrius melodus Threatened
Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2007
American Burying Beetle
The American Burying Beetle is large and has a shiny black appearance with four orange-red spots on
the wing covers (elytra). A large red spot on the pronotum of the beetle is indicative of the species.
The habitat requirements for this beetle are not fully known, however, the ABB is considered a habitat
generalist and is known to occupy a diverse range of habitats. Habitats associated with the ABB
include open grasslands, forests, as well as transitional areas.
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The beetle is a carrion feeder and utilizes small vertebrate carcasses for food and reproductive
purposes. Adult ABB’s locate suitable food sources and mates through olfactory senses. Adults
prepare and preserve the carrion by covering the carcass with mucilaginous secretions and burying in a
shallow grave. Eggs are laid in a small chamber adjacent to the buried carrion by the adults (Schnell,
et. al.1993). Both the male and female adults remain with the young until pupation is complete. The
ABB appears to utilize a mixture of woodlands and open grasslands for protective cover, foraging, and
brooding purposes however their potential presence in these areas may be more predicated on
prey/forage availability rather than specific habitat selection. Surveys for the ABB were completed in
the 4th sampling quarter between July 30 and August 1, 2007.
Interior Least Tern
The interior least tern is the smallest member of the tern family with a wingspan of 20 inches (50 cm).
They have a grayish back and wings, and snowy white undersides. Least terns can be distinguished
from all other terns by their combination of a black crown, white forehead, and a variable black-tipped
yellow bill. Interior least terns arrive at breeding sites from late April to early June where they
typically spend four to five months. Least terns nest in small colonies on exposed salt flats, river
sandbars, or reservoir beaches. Nests are small scrapes in the sand, and usually two or three eggs are
laid. Interior least terns favor islands or sandbars along large rivers for nesting. The sand must be
mostly clear of vegetation to be used by terns. Least terns prefer shallow water for fishing. The
traditional period of presence for the Interior least tern had not occurred through the latest sampling
period. Surveys for this species were performed during the 4th quarter sampling period.
Piping Plover
The Piping Plover is described as a small compact shorebird with pale gray upperparts. The breast and
stomach areas are white with a white neck collar. Piping plovers have orange legs and a short stout
bill. Piping plovers forage on aquatic invertebrates and various terrestrial insects. Nests are described
as shallow excavations in sand and are often lined with pebbles, shells, and/or small woody drift
(Knopf 1996). Habitat degradation from reservoir construction, river channel alteration, and
development are contributing factors for its decline. The piping plover is identified as a breeding
resident of Oklahoma and arrives in April. The piping plover is normally associated with larger river
waterway system with large isolated sand bars. No piping plovers were observed during the
completed sampling periods.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 8 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
Bald Eagle
The bald eagle was removed from the threatened species list in July 2007 (72 FR 37345-373732), but
continues to be provided protection under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. Bald eagles are
rather large raptorial birds measuring 3 feet in height with a 7-foot wingspan. The bald eagle prefers
large trees or high cliffs along large waterways for perching and nesting purposes. Fish is the preferred
diet of eagles, but they also eat small mammals, waterfowl, turtles and dead animals. Preferred
foraging areas include quiet coastal areas, rivers or lakeshores with large tall trees (Buehler 2000).
Generally, bald eagles migrate through Oklahoma in early spring and return by September or October.
Bald eagles were observed from sampling point 1TR1.1 near Keystone Dam during the 2nd quarter
sampling period.
State Species of Special Concern
Nine species of special concern listed by the State of Oklahoma occur in Tulsa County and are shown
in Table 2. The species of special concern designation is primarily a planning tool for the Oklahoma
Department of Wildlife Conservation and other conservation agencies interested in focused
conservation efforts for declining species. State species of special concern do not receive the same
legal protection as threatened and endangered species.
Table 2
STATE SPECIES OF CONCERN
Scientific Name Common Name
Vireo bellii Bell’s Vireo
Macroclemys temminckii Alligator Snapping Turtle
Cemophoro coccinea copei Northern Scarlet Snake
Lutra canadensis River Otter
Phrynosoma cornutum Texas Horned Lizard
Gryllotalpa major Prairie Mole Cricket
Buteo swainsoni Swainson’s Hawk
Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike
Zapus hudsonius Meadow Jumping Mouse
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Bell's Vireo
Bell’s Vireo is found in open shrub land habitats that are dominated by willow, sand plum, roughleaf
dogwood and hawthorn. They are found in shrubby rangeland and old-fields where sand plum and
other deciduous thickets are common; and they are found in willow thickets along streams and the
Arkansas River. While habitat for this species is believed to be present within some of the sample site
locations, no sightings or song was confirmed.
Alligator Snapping Turtle
The Alligator snapping turtle is found in the vicinity of log/debris piles in the Arkansas River and its
tributary streams. This aquatic turtle is usually found in forested, slow-moving waters such as
backwater areas on the Arkansas River and some of its larger tributaries. Individual Alligator
Snapping Turtles rarely leave the water (except females when they leave to lay their eggs) so they
almost never colonize ponds or bodies of water not directly connected to perennial streams. This
species has not been observed to date.
Northern Scarlet Snake
The northern scarlet snake is a rare snake that is usually associated with oak woodlands and forests on
sandy soils. It has only been documented a few times in Tulsa County. The northern scarlet snake is
generally found under boards, rocks, and logs, in forests and open adjacent fields with well drained
soil. This species is nocturnal and is considered a burrower, spending most of its time underground.
No observation or evidence of the Scarlet snake has been documented.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 10 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
The River Otter
The River otter has been increasing in numbers and expanding its range over the past 25 years. Within
the past 7 to 8 years the otter began to recolonize Tulsa County and a few are seen regularly along the
Arkansas River and in its tributaries. When prime, river otter fur appears black-brown, with the belly
slightly lighter in color than its back. The chin and throat are grayish. Otter fur consists of a very
dense undercoat overlaid with longer guard hairs. Its tail is powerful and a little more than a third as
long as its head and body. Only the hind feet are webbed. River otter presence has not been confirmed
within or near the selected sampling locations.
The Texas Horned Lizard, Prairie Mole Cricket, Swainson's Hawk, Loggerhead Shrike, and the
Meadow Jumping Mouse are typically associated with native prairie and grassland habitats and are
most frequently observed in the grasslands in the northern part of Tulsa County:
The Texas Horned Lizard
The Texas Horned Lizard is found in tallgrass prairie and shrubby prairie habitats. It is not restricted
to sites with sandy soils, but it does appear to be the most common in sandy soils. Most of the recent
records have been in the northern part of Tulsa County and along the Arkansas River. Presence of this
species has not been confirmed.
Prairie Mole Cricket
The Prairie Mole Cricket is found in native prairie and appears to survive well in hay meadows and
grazed pasture land and does not appear to use Bermuda grass or fescue pastures. Prairie mole
crickets may be present within or near some of the sampling sites however their presence was not
detected.
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Swainson's Hawk
Swainson’s Hawk occurs at low densities in open grassland habitat in the northern part of the county.
This hawk prefers open grasslands and desert-like habitats. It is common to see this hawk perched on a
fence post in a prairie or open range. This hawk's most unique feature is its variation in color. The
light color morph includes white patches on the forehead, the throat and the belly. These hawks vary
in length from 19 to 22 inches, and have a wingspan of 47 to 57 inches. No Swainson’s hawks have
been observed during the previous sampling periods.
Loggerhead Shrike
The Loggerhead shrike is uncommon and with a spotted distribution and usually found in open
grassland/prairie habitat. The loggerhead shrike is a masked, hook-billed songbird known for its habit
of impaling prey on thorns or barbed wire and easily confused with mockingbirds. Specific habitat
required for this species has not bee observed at or near any of the selected sample stations. Species
observation or evidence of presence has not been documented.
Meadow Jumping Mouse
The meadow jumping mouse is very rare and only recorded twice in Tulsa County (both records are in
excess of 30 years old) in shrubby, tallgrass prairie habitat. This species probably no longer occurs in
Tulsa County and has not been confirmed as present within the survey corridor.
RESULTS
Surveys for flora and fauna were conducted quarterly from October 2006 to July 2007. Primarily
opportunistic direct observation of the identified species was the primary methods of survey. Survey
efforts were conducted each quarter at different times during diurnal periods ranging from crepuscular
to midday. However, weather conditions were selected to avoid sampling during high wind and/or
precipitation conditions. Ambient temperatures were not a factor in determining sample periods or
timing. Fifteen sample plots were used to collect evidence of resident and/or migratory species within
the five survey corridor segment and are shown on maps in Appendix C.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 12 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
Fall 2006 Sampling
The fall quarterly sampling was conducted from October 1 to December 31, 2006. A total of 107
different species of animals were identified at the 15 sample stations including 21 species of
mammals, 16 amphibian and reptile species, and 70 different species of birds. Species diversity ranged
from 8 animals identified as using sample station 1TR13.3 to 46 species confirmed at station 1TR14.1.
One hundred thirty-five plant species were identified during this survey corridor across the 15 sample
stations. Station 1TR13.3 exhibited the least species diversity with 11 while station 1TR15.2 and
1TR13.2 maintained 48 different plants species. A detailed list of species observed and a
representation of the species identified at each sampling site is provided in Appendix E.
Winter 2007 Sampling
The winter 2007sampling was conducted from January 15 to April 15, 2007. A total of 56 species
comprised of 10 mammals, no amphibians or reptiles, and 46 birds. Species diversity ranged from 2
animals identified as using sample station 1TR13.3 to 20 species confirmed at station 1TR11.1. The
overall diversity of plants observed during the winter survey totaled 103 different species. Sample site
1TR13.3 exhibited 11 species and 1TR15.3 contained 37. A detailed list of species observed and a
representation of the species identified at each sampling site is provided in Appendix F.
Spring 2007 Sampling
The spring 2007 sampling event was conducted from April 15, to June 15, 2007. A total 71 animal
species were confirmed during this survey period consisting of 9 mammals, 19 amphibians and
reptiles, and 43 birds. The range of species present was 6 at 1TR13.3 and 25 at 1TR11.1. The number
of plant species identified throughout the 15 sample stations was 108. Stations 1TR12.3 and 1TR13.3
exhibited the least number of plant species with 12 and 1TR13.2 maintained the greatest diversity with
39 species observed. A detailed list of species observed and a representation of the species identified
at each sampling site is provided in Appendix G.
Summer 2007 Sampling
The summer 2007 sampling even was conducted from June 15, 2007 and to August 15, 2007. A total
64 animal species were confirmed during this survey period consisting of 11 mammals, 3 amphibians
and reptiles, and 69 birds. The range of species present was 7 at 1TR13.3 and 23 at 1TR11.1,
1TR12.2 and 1TR14.2. The number of plant species identified throughout the 15 sample stations was
95. Station 1TR13.3 exhibited the least number of plant species with 11 while 1TR15.3 experienced
the greatest diversity with 40 species observed. A detailed list of species observed and a representation
of the species identified at each sampling site is provided in Appendix H.
A survey was conducted to identify the presence or absence of the American Burying Beetle between
July 30 and August 1, 2007 and completed after three nights of trapping. Members of the Nicrophorus
genus were found including Nicrophorus orbicollis and Nicrophorus americanus. Four American
Burying Beetles were collected. The report of survey is provided in Appendix I.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 13 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
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Least Tern (Sterna antillarum). In The Birds of North America, No. 211 (A.
Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and
The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Tyrl, Ronald J., T.G. Bidwell, and R.E. Masters. 2002. Field Guide to Oklahoma Plants.
Oklahoma State University. Stillwater, Oklahoma.
United States Department of Agriculture. 1981. Agricultural Experiment Stations.
Weeds of the North Central States. Urbana, Illinois.
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1981. Land Resource Regions
and Major Land Resource Areas of the United States. Agriculture Handbook 296.
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey for Tulsa County,
Oklahoma.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Threatened and Endangered Species List by
County, Oklahoma. August 2006.
Urban Mapping Study of the Tulsa Region (2003). University of Oklahoma Urban Design Studio
(OUUDS), Tulsa, Oklahoma.
www.mammalsociety.org/statelists/okmammals.html
www.coordinatesolutions.com/ovpd/ovpd.aspx
Wakely, J. S., Roberts, T. H., and Martin, C. O. (1990) "Auditory survey methods: Section 6.3.5 U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual," Technical Report EL-90-
7, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS., NTIS No. AD A225
772.
Wakeley, James S. 1987. Environmental Impact Research Program. Avian Plot Methods. Section
6.3.3, US Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. Army Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Environmental Lab.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 15 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. and their staff would like to acknowledge Cherokee CRC, LLC
for there trust and support in conducting the data collection for Task I (Floral and Faunal Inventory)
Environmental Data for the Arkansas River Corridor Project, Tulsa Oklahoma. We would also like to
acknowledge and thank the respective landowners (private and public) for allowing our field sampling
team access to the respective sampling sites, as well as to Mr. Mark Howery, Oklahoma Department
of Wildlife Conservation, Mr. Kevin Stubbs, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oklahoma Ecological
Field Services, and Mr. Ken Williams for their insight, information, and assistance with data collection
and research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 1
INTRODUCTION 1
CLIMATE................................................................................................................................................2
GEOMORPHOLOGY AND GEOLOGY ..........................................................................................................2
SOILS......................................................................................................................................................2
GENERAL HABITAT TYPES........................................................................................................................3
METHODS 3
FEDERAL AND STATE DATABASE INVENTORY ..........................................................................................6
THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES ...............................................................................................6
STATE SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN ......................................................................................................8
RESULTS 11
FALL 2006 SAMPLING...........................................................................................................................12
WINTER 2007 SAMPLING .......................................................................................................................12
SPRING 2007 SAMPLING ........................................................................................................................12
SUMMER 2007 SAMPLING......................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES 13
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 15
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES................................................................................6
TABLE 2 STATE SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN .......................................................................................8
APPENDIX
Appendix A Project Location Map
Appendix B Comprehensive Historical List of Flora and Fauna in Tulsa County
Appendix C Sample Station Location Maps
Appendix D Selected Photographs of Sampling Stations
Appendix E Fall 2006 Sampling –List of Observed Species
Appendix F Winter 2007 Sampling – List of Observed Species
Appendix G Spring 2007 Sampling – List of Observed Species
Appendix H Summer 2007 Sampling – List of Observed Species
Appendix I American Burying Beetle Survey Report
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 2 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
The plants and animals that occur in a region are the direct result of the interrelations of climate and
geology toward the formation of soil. The following paragraphs provide a summary of the climatic,
geologic, and soil characteristics of the Arkansas River Corridor study area.
Climate
The climate of Tulsa County is a temperate. The normal annual temperature is about 60 degrees
Fahrenheit (F). The average annual maximum and minimum temperatures are 71° and 49° F,
respectively. The highest recorded temperature was 115° F and the lowest recorded temperature was -
15° F. On average, the relative humidity ranges between 47% and 92%. The normal annual
precipitation is about 42 inches with approximately 83 days per year of precipitation. The majority of
the annual rainfall (64%) occurs between April and September. Thunderstorms occur predominantly
in the spring and summer for about 50 days out of the year. The prevailing winds across Tulsa County
are predominantly from the south to southeast and the wind speeds average nearly seven miles per
hour on an annual basis (Bennison, 1972; Oklahoma Climatological Survey).
Geomorphology and Geology
Geomorphic features identified in Tulsa County include the Eastern Sandstone Cuesta Plain and the
Claremore Cuesta Plain. The Eastern Sandstone Cuesta Plain forms rugged hills with one steep face.
The Claremore Cuesta Plain produces less pronounced and frequent hills and is composed of
sandstone and limestone on top of the broad shale plains. The Claremore Cuesta Plain occurs
throughout the rest of the county (Johnson, 1979). These hills form the topographic highs while the
Arkansas River forms the topographic lows. These topographic highs and lows define the watersheds
and drainage basin boundaries for the Arkansas River within the study area. The relief ranges from
180 to 300 feet when the cuestas are close to the river and 20 to 60 feet when the floodplains dominate
the landscape.
The geology of the ARC study area is underlain by rocks of Pennsylvanian age. The hills along the
upper reaches of the river are composed of the Dewey Limestone and Nellie Bly Formation. The rock
formations become progressively younger downstream and include the Coffeyville, Checkerboard
Limestone, Seminole, Holdenville, and Nowata Shale. These rocks were formed in ancient river and
sea deposits that include delta; prodelta; subtidal clastics and marine shell banks; shallow marine
banks; platform shallow marine, and; marine basinal shales (Bennison, 1972; Marcher, 1988).
Quaternary river deposits overlie the younger Pennsylvanian formations on the broad floodplains
along the river. The younger Holocene deposits represent modern floodplain alluvium that overly
older Pleistocene terrace deposits. The deposits consist of unconsolidated gravels, sands, silts and
clays.
Soils
The Choska-Severn Association is the predominate soil along the Arkansas River. These soils are
deep, nearly level, well drained, loamy to gravelly soils overlying loamy and sandy materials on the
floodplains. There are four basic horizons with alternating colors of dark reddish brown and yellowish
red. The depth to groundwater is typically six feet. The depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches
(Cole, 1977).
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 3 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
General Habitat Types
The ARC survey corridor traverses many different habitat types or ecotones. Overall, habitat diversity
may be considered moderate with the following identified: upland forests (including northern cross
timbers) near Keystone Dam and at Turkey Mountain, riparian corridors along the river channel and
tributaries, tame pastures, agriculture fields, sod farms, native grass meadows, fallow fields in the rural
areas, and variable habitats associated with human-use metropolitan areas. The goal of this baseline
inventory was to sample the representative habitat types and identify the plant and animal species
associated therewith. Future surveys may be replicated at the respective sample stations in an effort to
detect changes in habitat and species richness that may result from construction projects, human
population growth, and/or metropolitan expansion (urban sprawl). A variety of habitats were sampled
ranging from residential developments to areas adjacent to commercial enterprises to relatively
pristine or undeveloped rural areas.
METHODS
The principle objective of this fauna and flora report is to conduct an inventory of the terrestrial plant
and vertebrate species up to a maximum distance of one-half mile from the centerline of the Arkansas
River. First, an inventory and review of existing federal and state databases, studies, and surveys for
species distribution and historical accounts was completed. The research focused on mammals, birds,
sensitive environments, and threatened and endangered species. Historical accounts of the respective
flora and fauna are provided at Appendix B. Finally, pedestrian surveys were conducted within the
five segments of the project area on a quarterly basis. The comprehensive inventory was conducted to
visually observe and document all mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and plants species within and
adjacent to the individual sample sites.
Terrestrial surveys were performed using randomly located sample plots within the five survey
corridor segments to determine the general floral and faunal composition. Fifteen 30-meter plots were
established along the river study corridor to survey the homogeneous habitat types either side of the
Arkansas River up to a maximum distance of one-half mile measured from the centerline of the river.
The floral survey consisted of observations of the dominant vegetation in each plot identified to
species (to the extent possible) during which each sample plot was photo-documented. Botanical
preservation would be coordinated with the respective agencies regarding the requested species
protocol. Floral inventories were conducted at each sample site within a 30-meter radius of sample
plot center, specified by GPS coordinates. The dominant plant species were identified at a minimum.
However, each observed species was identified to the extent practical and recorded resulting in a more
detailed inventory of plants represented within the predominant habitat types. The sample station
location maps are provided at Appendix C and selected photographs of each station are presented at
Appendix D. A brief and general habitat description of each sample site is provided below:
Survey Corridor Segment 1
1TR11.1 is characterized as a riparian corridor area situated at a relatively low elevation located on
the left descending bank of the river. The area is a moderately mature forested area with an open
understory. Soils were described as sandy to sandy loam. The area is part of a trail system associated
with the nature area and overlook downstream of Keystone Dam.
1TR11.2 is described as a narrow riparian zone adjacent to forested upland hillsides on the right
descending bank of the river.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 4 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
The area is relatively young-aged with a variety of species represented at 4 strata. Overstory
composition was somewhat limited and open which promoted a relatively dense understory.
Herbaceous species presence was limited and sparse.
1TR11.3 is located on a middle ridge bench on an upland forest hillside. The area was dominated by
oak and hickory species along the rocky outcrop. Canopy closure was estimated at greater that 70%
and the understory was comprised primarily of those species present in overstory. Herbaceous and
vine species were present but somewhat sparse in terms of stem density.
Survey Corridor Segment 2
1TR12.1 is located on the left descending bank of the river near Sand Springs and on the river side of
the levee. The area was very sandy and the observed vegetation was mostly at the herbaceous stratum.
A few trees were present and associated with the levee, depressional areas, and along the riverbank.
1TR12.2 was very similar to the previous sample site however; a depression wetland was identified
within the sample point. Dominated by herbaceous vegetation, the wetland area contained the majority
of the identified trees and understory. The overall area appears to have been disturbed and depression
area may be a former borrow or sand pit.
1TR12.3 is located on a very steep upland hillside situated well above the riverbank south of State
Highway 51. The sample site lies on the north slope of the rocky hillsides that may be the ancient river
bank bluff. The area is very rocky and rugged with relatively young-aged trees and a moderately open
understory.
Survey Corridor Segment 3
1TR13.1 lies within a mature upland forest on the top of Turkey Mountain overlooking the Arkansas
River to the east. Canopy closure was estimated at 50% with a moderately dense understory. The
surrounding area has been preserved from development and is currently used for outdoor activities
including hiking and off-road bicycling.
1TR13.2 is described as a moderately open second terrace riparian zone located on the left descending
bank. The area is relatively narrow and exhibited a moderately mature overstory. The understory and
herbaceous strata were well developed and diverse. Soils within this sample site were described as
sandy to sandy loam and well drained.
1TR13.3 is located in well maintained a residential area and was described as a partially fenced yard
dominated by Bermudagrass. Plant diversity appeared to be very low.
Survey Corridor Segment 4
1TR14.1 is very similar to 1TR13.2 and is also described as a moderately open second terrace riparian
zone located on the left descending bank. The overstory component was more developed and canopy
closure was ocularly estimated at 75%. The understory was not as diverse and the herb stratum was
not well represented. Soils within this sample site were described as sandy to sandy loam and well
drained.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 5 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
1TR14.2 is situated in a developing riparian forest near the confluence the confluence of Polecat
Creek with the Arkansas River. The sample site is relatively young but exhibited a diverse plant
community at all four strata. The area lies within the floodplain of the river and the stem density
within and adjacent to this site was considered moderate. Sandy well drained soils were prevalent
throughout the area.
1TR14.3 is situated between a fallow, previously disturbed open field dominated by forb species and a
well developed riparian corridor adjacent to the river. A small early successional stage upland forested
area lies between the two more prominent habitat features. Species diversity was considered moderate.
Survey Corridor Segment 5
1TR15.1 is located adjacent to and partially within a remnant oxbow on the left descending bank of
the river downstream of an active sand removal operation. The eastern edge of this sample site is
situated along the former riverbank while the western portion may be part of the sand removal
operation or former sand pit. The majority of the area was classified as a palustrine deciduous forest
seasonally flooded wetland (Cowardin Nomenclature PFO1C).
1TR15.2 is characterized as a developing forested floodplain area located between agriculture fields
and the ancient riverbank. While not classified as wetland, the area may be a remnant of a once
expansive floodplain riparian corridor associated with the river and a nearby creek channel. Situated
over one-quarter mile east of the left descending bank of the river, the area has not experienced
appreciable disturbance and contained a diverse array of plant species across four strata.
1TR15.3 is considered a relatively pristine sample site nestled along the ancient river bank that does
not appear to evidence any appreciable disturbance in recent history. The area contained several
mature hardwood species and a very diverse understory. Many species of vine were present however
due to the canopy coverage and additional understory shading the herbaceous component was
somewhat limited.
The faunal survey consisted of the visual observation of species within each plot or evidence of the
presence of the species, including but not limited to; observations of tracks, scat, carcasses, sign posts,
scent, skin, hair, feathers, and song in each plot. Earthen sign stations and/or scent posts were not
used. Detailed statistical analysis of populations were not considered a goal of this study rather a
general overall species presence or baseline inventory was to focus.
The flora and fauna surveys along the ARC (Arkansas River Corridor) were conducted by the Eagle
Environmental field sampling team based on the division of the 42-mile survey corridor along the
Arkansas River into 5 segments with 3 sample points in each segment for a total of 15 individual
sample points. Global Position System (GPS) coordinates for each flora and fauna sample point within
the survey segments were collected using sub-meter accuracy hand held Trimble and Sokkia GPS
units.
Surveys were performed to document those species present or utilizing the multiple different habitat
types associated with the Arkansas River corridor within Tulsa County. Specific intervals of time,
typically 15 minute intervals, were utilized to standardize the amount of time (effort) expended at each
sample station. Standard time periods ranged between 1 and 2 hours and were primarily utilized for
avian observation/detection surveys.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 6 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
Avian surveys were conducted using a fixed plot sample method however; approval was provided by
the USACE to include any species observed, detected, and/or evidenced within one-half mile of any
one sample site.
Mammal, amphibian, and reptile surveys were not considered time sensitive and were based on the
evidence of all species within the sample plot or vicinity. The preparation and archival of specimens,
as appropriate, would be coordinated with an accredited zoological museum for faunal collections.
However, no species of significance or special status has been observed or identified. Threatened and
endangered species as well as species of special concern in the State of Oklahoma were afforded
special attention to determine their use and locations.
Federal and State Database Inventory
Threatened and Endangered Species
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 declares the intention of Congress to protect all federally listed
threatened and endangered species and designated habitat of such species occurring in the United
States. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is the primary regulatory agency
responsible for ESA compliance. Coordination with the USFWS have determined that there are four
federally listed species that occur in Tulsa County that included: the endangered American burying
beetle (Nicrophorus americanus), the threatened (proposed for delisting) bald eagle (Haliaeetus
leucocephalus), the endangered interior least tern (Sterna antillarum), and the threatened piping plover
(Charadrius melodus) (Table 1). Descriptions of the species are provided below.
Table 1
Threatened and Endangered Species
Common Name Scientific Name Status
American Burying Beetle Nicrophorus americanus Endangered
Interior Least Tern Sterna antillarum Endangered
Piping Plover Charadrius melodus Threatened
Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2007
American Burying Beetle
The American Burying Beetle is large and has a shiny black appearance with four orange-red spots on
the wing covers (elytra). A large red spot on the pronotum of the beetle is indicative of the species.
The habitat requirements for this beetle are not fully known, however, the ABB is considered a habitat
generalist and is known to occupy a diverse range of habitats. Habitats associated with the ABB
include open grasslands, forests, as well as transitional areas.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 7 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
The beetle is a carrion feeder and utilizes small vertebrate carcasses for food and reproductive
purposes. Adult ABB’s locate suitable food sources and mates through olfactory senses. Adults
prepare and preserve the carrion by covering the carcass with mucilaginous secretions and burying in a
shallow grave. Eggs are laid in a small chamber adjacent to the buried carrion by the adults (Schnell,
et. al.1993). Both the male and female adults remain with the young until pupation is complete. The
ABB appears to utilize a mixture of woodlands and open grasslands for protective cover, foraging, and
brooding purposes however their potential presence in these areas may be more predicated on
prey/forage availability rather than specific habitat selection. Surveys for the ABB were completed in
the 4th sampling quarter between July 30 and August 1, 2007.
Interior Least Tern
The interior least tern is the smallest member of the tern family with a wingspan of 20 inches (50 cm).
They have a grayish back and wings, and snowy white undersides. Least terns can be distinguished
from all other terns by their combination of a black crown, white forehead, and a variable black-tipped
yellow bill. Interior least terns arrive at breeding sites from late April to early June where they
typically spend four to five months. Least terns nest in small colonies on exposed salt flats, river
sandbars, or reservoir beaches. Nests are small scrapes in the sand, and usually two or three eggs are
laid. Interior least terns favor islands or sandbars along large rivers for nesting. The sand must be
mostly clear of vegetation to be used by terns. Least terns prefer shallow water for fishing. The
traditional period of presence for the Interior least tern had not occurred through the latest sampling
period. Surveys for this species were performed during the 4th quarter sampling period.
Piping Plover
The Piping Plover is described as a small compact shorebird with pale gray upperparts. The breast and
stomach areas are white with a white neck collar. Piping plovers have orange legs and a short stout
bill. Piping plovers forage on aquatic invertebrates and various terrestrial insects. Nests are described
as shallow excavations in sand and are often lined with pebbles, shells, and/or small woody drift
(Knopf 1996). Habitat degradation from reservoir construction, river channel alteration, and
development are contributing factors for its decline. The piping plover is identified as a breeding
resident of Oklahoma and arrives in April. The piping plover is normally associated with larger river
waterway system with large isolated sand bars. No piping plovers were observed during the
completed sampling periods.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 8 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
Bald Eagle
The bald eagle was removed from the threatened species list in July 2007 (72 FR 37345-373732), but
continues to be provided protection under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. Bald eagles are
rather large raptorial birds measuring 3 feet in height with a 7-foot wingspan. The bald eagle prefers
large trees or high cliffs along large waterways for perching and nesting purposes. Fish is the preferred
diet of eagles, but they also eat small mammals, waterfowl, turtles and dead animals. Preferred
foraging areas include quiet coastal areas, rivers or lakeshores with large tall trees (Buehler 2000).
Generally, bald eagles migrate through Oklahoma in early spring and return by September or October.
Bald eagles were observed from sampling point 1TR1.1 near Keystone Dam during the 2nd quarter
sampling period.
State Species of Special Concern
Nine species of special concern listed by the State of Oklahoma occur in Tulsa County and are shown
in Table 2. The species of special concern designation is primarily a planning tool for the Oklahoma
Department of Wildlife Conservation and other conservation agencies interested in focused
conservation efforts for declining species. State species of special concern do not receive the same
legal protection as threatened and endangered species.
Table 2
STATE SPECIES OF CONCERN
Scientific Name Common Name
Vireo bellii Bell’s Vireo
Macroclemys temminckii Alligator Snapping Turtle
Cemophoro coccinea copei Northern Scarlet Snake
Lutra canadensis River Otter
Phrynosoma cornutum Texas Horned Lizard
Gryllotalpa major Prairie Mole Cricket
Buteo swainsoni Swainson’s Hawk
Lanius ludovicianus Loggerhead Shrike
Zapus hudsonius Meadow Jumping Mouse
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 9 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
Bell's Vireo
Bell’s Vireo is found in open shrub land habitats that are dominated by willow, sand plum, roughleaf
dogwood and hawthorn. They are found in shrubby rangeland and old-fields where sand plum and
other deciduous thickets are common; and they are found in willow thickets along streams and the
Arkansas River. While habitat for this species is believed to be present within some of the sample site
locations, no sightings or song was confirmed.
Alligator Snapping Turtle
The Alligator snapping turtle is found in the vicinity of log/debris piles in the Arkansas River and its
tributary streams. This aquatic turtle is usually found in forested, slow-moving waters such as
backwater areas on the Arkansas River and some of its larger tributaries. Individual Alligator
Snapping Turtles rarely leave the water (except females when they leave to lay their eggs) so they
almost never colonize ponds or bodies of water not directly connected to perennial streams. This
species has not been observed to date.
Northern Scarlet Snake
The northern scarlet snake is a rare snake that is usually associated with oak woodlands and forests on
sandy soils. It has only been documented a few times in Tulsa County. The northern scarlet snake is
generally found under boards, rocks, and logs, in forests and open adjacent fields with well drained
soil. This species is nocturnal and is considered a burrower, spending most of its time underground.
No observation or evidence of the Scarlet snake has been documented.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 10 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
The River Otter
The River otter has been increasing in numbers and expanding its range over the past 25 years. Within
the past 7 to 8 years the otter began to recolonize Tulsa County and a few are seen regularly along the
Arkansas River and in its tributaries. When prime, river otter fur appears black-brown, with the belly
slightly lighter in color than its back. The chin and throat are grayish. Otter fur consists of a very
dense undercoat overlaid with longer guard hairs. Its tail is powerful and a little more than a third as
long as its head and body. Only the hind feet are webbed. River otter presence has not been confirmed
within or near the selected sampling locations.
The Texas Horned Lizard, Prairie Mole Cricket, Swainson's Hawk, Loggerhead Shrike, and the
Meadow Jumping Mouse are typically associated with native prairie and grassland habitats and are
most frequently observed in the grasslands in the northern part of Tulsa County:
The Texas Horned Lizard
The Texas Horned Lizard is found in tallgrass prairie and shrubby prairie habitats. It is not restricted
to sites with sandy soils, but it does appear to be the most common in sandy soils. Most of the recent
records have been in the northern part of Tulsa County and along the Arkansas River. Presence of this
species has not been confirmed.
Prairie Mole Cricket
The Prairie Mole Cricket is found in native prairie and appears to survive well in hay meadows and
grazed pasture land and does not appear to use Bermuda grass or fescue pastures. Prairie mole
crickets may be present within or near some of the sampling sites however their presence was not
detected.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 11 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
Swainson's Hawk
Swainson’s Hawk occurs at low densities in open grassland habitat in the northern part of the county.
This hawk prefers open grasslands and desert-like habitats. It is common to see this hawk perched on a
fence post in a prairie or open range. This hawk's most unique feature is its variation in color. The
light color morph includes white patches on the forehead, the throat and the belly. These hawks vary
in length from 19 to 22 inches, and have a wingspan of 47 to 57 inches. No Swainson’s hawks have
been observed during the previous sampling periods.
Loggerhead Shrike
The Loggerhead shrike is uncommon and with a spotted distribution and usually found in open
grassland/prairie habitat. The loggerhead shrike is a masked, hook-billed songbird known for its habit
of impaling prey on thorns or barbed wire and easily confused with mockingbirds. Specific habitat
required for this species has not bee observed at or near any of the selected sample stations. Species
observation or evidence of presence has not been documented.
Meadow Jumping Mouse
The meadow jumping mouse is very rare and only recorded twice in Tulsa County (both records are in
excess of 30 years old) in shrubby, tallgrass prairie habitat. This species probably no longer occurs in
Tulsa County and has not been confirmed as present within the survey corridor.
RESULTS
Surveys for flora and fauna were conducted quarterly from October 2006 to July 2007. Primarily
opportunistic direct observation of the identified species was the primary methods of survey. Survey
efforts were conducted each quarter at different times during diurnal periods ranging from crepuscular
to midday. However, weather conditions were selected to avoid sampling during high wind and/or
precipitation conditions. Ambient temperatures were not a factor in determining sample periods or
timing. Fifteen sample plots were used to collect evidence of resident and/or migratory species within
the five survey corridor segment and are shown on maps in Appendix C.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 12 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
Fall 2006 Sampling
The fall quarterly sampling was conducted from October 1 to December 31, 2006. A total of 107
different species of animals were identified at the 15 sample stations including 21 species of
mammals, 16 amphibian and reptile species, and 70 different species of birds. Species diversity ranged
from 8 animals identified as using sample station 1TR13.3 to 46 species confirmed at station 1TR14.1.
One hundred thirty-five plant species were identified during this survey corridor across the 15 sample
stations. Station 1TR13.3 exhibited the least species diversity with 11 while station 1TR15.2 and
1TR13.2 maintained 48 different plants species. A detailed list of species observed and a
representation of the species identified at each sampling site is provided in Appendix E.
Winter 2007 Sampling
The winter 2007sampling was conducted from January 15 to April 15, 2007. A total of 56 species
comprised of 10 mammals, no amphibians or reptiles, and 46 birds. Species diversity ranged from 2
animals identified as using sample station 1TR13.3 to 20 species confirmed at station 1TR11.1. The
overall diversity of plants observed during the winter survey totaled 103 different species. Sample site
1TR13.3 exhibited 11 species and 1TR15.3 contained 37. A detailed list of species observed and a
representation of the species identified at each sampling site is provided in Appendix F.
Spring 2007 Sampling
The spring 2007 sampling event was conducted from April 15, to June 15, 2007. A total 71 animal
species were confirmed during this survey period consisting of 9 mammals, 19 amphibians and
reptiles, and 43 birds. The range of species present was 6 at 1TR13.3 and 25 at 1TR11.1. The number
of plant species identified throughout the 15 sample stations was 108. Stations 1TR12.3 and 1TR13.3
exhibited the least number of plant species with 12 and 1TR13.2 maintained the greatest diversity with
39 species observed. A detailed list of species observed and a representation of the species identified
at each sampling site is provided in Appendix G.
Summer 2007 Sampling
The summer 2007 sampling even was conducted from June 15, 2007 and to August 15, 2007. A total
64 animal species were confirmed during this survey period consisting of 11 mammals, 3 amphibians
and reptiles, and 69 birds. The range of species present was 7 at 1TR13.3 and 23 at 1TR11.1,
1TR12.2 and 1TR14.2. The number of plant species identified throughout the 15 sample stations was
95. Station 1TR13.3 exhibited the least number of plant species with 11 while 1TR15.3 experienced
the greatest diversity with 40 species observed. A detailed list of species observed and a representation
of the species identified at each sampling site is provided in Appendix H.
A survey was conducted to identify the presence or absence of the American Burying Beetle between
July 30 and August 1, 2007 and completed after three nights of trapping. Members of the Nicrophorus
genus were found including Nicrophorus orbicollis and Nicrophorus americanus. Four American
Burying Beetles were collected. The report of survey is provided in Appendix I.
Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 13 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
REFERENCES
American Ornithologists Union. 1983. Check-list of North American Birds, 6th ed. Allen Press,
Lawrence, KS. 877 pp.
Bennison, A.P., et. al. Editor (1972). Tulsa’s Physical Environment. Tulsa Geological Society. Digest,
Volume 37.
Bailey, R.G., 1995. Description of the ecoregions of the United States. United States Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service. Misc. Publ. 1391, Second ed., revised and enlarged. 108 p.
Buehler, D.A. 2000. Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). In The Birds of North
America, No. 506 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc.,
Philadelphia, PA.
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Arkansas River Corridor Study Page 15 of 15 Task I: Flora and Fauna Inventory
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Eagle Environmental Consulting, Inc. and their staff would like to acknowledge Cherokee CRC, LLC
for there trust and support in conducting the data collection for Task I (Floral and Faunal Inventory)
Environmental Data for the Arkansas River Corridor Project, Tulsa Oklahoma. We would also like to
acknowledge and thank the respective landowners (private and public) for allowing our field sampling
team access to the respective sampling sites, as well as to Mr. Mark Howery, Oklahoma Department
of Wildlife Conservation, Mr. Kevin Stubbs, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oklahoma Ecological
Field Services, and Mr. Ken Williams for their insight, information, and assistance with data collection
and research.