AZOV
A town in the delta of the Don River, a short distance from the eastern
end of the Sea of Azov, and about 15 miles (25 km.) southwest of Rostov.
Azov is one of the oldest towns within Russian territory; it was founded
by Greek colonists in the 6th century BCE. The town has lost most of it's
purpose to newer Rostov as a result of the gradual silting of the channel.

Within Cimmerian territory.................c.
2000-c. 700

Within Scythian territory...................c.
700-c. 575

Miletian colony of Tanais...................c.
575-300's

To the Bosporan Kingdom (Capital c. 170's-200 CE)...300's
BCE-330 CE

Borasbos Baboides (archon)................fl. 190's CE

Horathos Sandarsion (archon).......late 100's-early
200's CE

To the Goths................................c.
330-380

The Goths destroyed the town of Tanais - resettlement took place at the nearby site of modern Azov.

To the Huns (Utigur from 453)..................380-c.
550

To the Avars................................c.
550-c. 575

To the Utigur Huns..........................c.
575-c. 600

To the Bulgars..............................c.
600-c. 660

To the Khazars..............................c.
660-c. 970

To the Pechenegs............................c.
970-1079

To Kiev.......................................1079-1081

To the Cumans.................................1081-1239

Disputed between Trebizond and Golden Horde...1239-1316

Genoese Colony of Tana........................1316-1471

To the Ottoman Empire.........................1471-1696

To Russia (City of Azov)......................1696-1721

To the Ottoman Turks..........................1721-1739

To Russia (Soviet Union 1922-91)..............1739-1941

To Germany....................................1941-1944

To the Soviet Union...........................1944-1991

To the Russian Federation.....................1991-

BELOOZERO
On the southern shore of Belo Ozero (White Lake), about 250 miles (400
km.) east of St. Petersburg and roughly 310 (500 km.) miles north of Moscow,
in Vologda oblast. A Principality 1238-1280, a Grand Principality
1284-1339, a Principality (1339-1389) and sub-Principality (1389-1486)
under Moscow.

To Finnish tribe of Ves until c.800.

To Novgorod..................................c.800-862

RURIKOVICH

Sineus I Godlavovich...........................862-864

To Novgorod....................................864-945

To Kiev........................................945-988

To Novgorod....................................988-1020

To Kiev.......................................1020-1036

To Novgorod...................................1036-1054

To Pereyaslavl................................1054-1069

To Novgorod...................................1069-1078

To Pereyaslavl................................1078-1087

To Novgorod...................................1087-1097

To Rostov.....................................1097-1113

To Suzdal.....................................1113-1157

To Vladimir...................................1157-1174

To Rostov.....................................1174-1176

To Vladimir...................................1176-1212

To Rostov.....................................1212-1238

Under Mongol authority........................1238-1480

Gleb..........................................1238-1277

Demetrius (Gr.Pr.of Rostov 1278-94)...........1277-1278
d.1294

Michael I.....................................1278-1280 d.1293

To Rostov.....................................1280-1284

Michael I (restored)..........................1284-1293

Theodore I....................................1293-1339

Principallity under Muscovite suzerainty

Roman....................................1339-13
?

Theodore II the Old.....................13 ?
-1380

George...................................1380-1389
d.aft.1389

Andrew...................................1389-1432

Michael II the Old.......................1432-1486

To Muscovy thereafter

BRYANSK Modern
center of Bryansk region in Russia. It was a possession of elder line of
Chernigov branch of the Rurikovich dynasty, but in the late 13th century
Bryansk passed to princes of Smolensk. In the mid 14th century princes
of Chernigov ruled again in Bryansk but soon it joined Lithuania.

To Chernigov until 1245

A principality under the Golden Horde.........1245-1357

RURIKOVICH

Roman I (in Chernigov from 1263)..............1245-1285

Oleg (then in Chernigov)......................1285-1286

Roman II......................................1286-1308

Basil I ......................................1308-1309 d.1314

Svyatoslav (in Mozhaysk 1299-1303)............1309-1310

Basil I (restored)............................1310-1314

Demetrius.....................................1314-1333

Gleb..........................................1333-1340

Roman III (in Chernigov to 1370's)............1340-1355
d. 1401

Basil II......................................1355-1356

Anarchic conditions...........................1356-1357

A principality under Lithuania

GEDIMINAS

Demetrius II..................................1357-1379 d. 1399

To Lithuania directly.........................1379-1393

Theodore (in Volhynia 1382-93).....................1393
d.1431

To Lithuania directly.........................1393-1446

RURIKOVICH

Basil III of Serpukhov.............................1446 d. aft. 1456

Simon of Obolensk.............................1446-1447

To Lithuania..................................1447-1449

GEDIMINAS

Michael............................................1449

To Lithuania directly.........................1449-1454

RURIKOVICH

John (in Mozhaysk 1432-54)....................1454-14
?

To Lithuania..................................14
?-1503

To Muscovy....................................1503-1605

To Poland.....................................1605-1632

To Russia thereafter...

DMITROV A
town in modern Moscow oblast of the Russian Federation, 30 miles
(50 km.) north of Moscow. A Grand Principality 1246-1334 (within the Tatar
hegemony); After the death of Theodore, Muscovy bought the rights to this
principality from the Tatar khan Jani-Beg, but native princes ruled there
until 1364 as prince-governors. A Principality within Muscovy 1334-1389;
from 1389 Dmitrov was ruled by princes from Moscow branch of Rurikovich
dynasty as a sub-Principality until 1533.

Within Vladimir until 1246

RURIKOVICH

Athanasius....................................1246-1249

Constantine (in Galich-Merskiy from 1246).....1249-1255

Basil I.......................................1255-12 ?

David (in Galich-Merskiy from 1255)..........12
? -1280

Boris.........................................1280-1333

Theodore (in Galich-Merskiy from 1280)........1333-1334

John (also in Galich-Merskiy).................1334-13
?

Demetrius I the Exile........................13 ? -1364 d. aft. 1364

Demetrius II Donskoi (in Muscovy & Vladimir)..1364-1389

Peter the Bookish........................1389-1428

To Muscovy....................................1428-1432

George I (Pr. of
Zvenigorod).............1432-1433 d. 1434

To Muscovy.........................................1433

George I (Pr. of
Zvenigorod) (restored)..1433-1434 d. 1434

Demetrius III Shemyaka........................1434
d. 1453

To Muscovy....................................1434-1435

Basil II Squint-eye (Pr.
of Zvenigorod).......1435 d. 1438

To Muscovy....................................1435-1446

Demetrius III Shemyaka (restored)........1446-1447

To Muscovy.........................................1447

Basil III (Pr. of
Serpukhov).............1447-1450's d. aft.
1456

To Muscovy..................................1450's-1462

George II the Younger....................1462-1472

To Muscovy....................................1472-1505

George III...............................1505-1533
d. 1534

George III was a member of the Regency Council at
the beginning of the reign of Ivan the Terrible, but he was deposed and
executed at the behest of Yelena Glinskaya (Ivan's mother), who feared
his rights to the throne of Muscovy. Dmitrov attached permanently to Muscovy
from 1533...

GORODETS-RADILOV
A town in modern Ivanovo oblast of Russia, 110 miles (180 km.) east
of Ivanovo. Intermittently a lesser Grand Principality 1246-1395; a sub-Principality
within Muscovite control 1401-1419.

To Vladimir until 1246

RURIKOVICH

Daniel........................................1246-1256

vacant ?

Andrew I (in Vladimir 1248-52)................1258-1259
d. 1264

To Vladimir...................................1259-1263

Andrew II (Pr.of Vladimir passim 1281-1304)...1263-1304

To Suzdal.....................................1304-1308

Constantine...................................1308-1331 d. 1355

To Suzdal.....................................1331-1341

To Nizhny Novgorod............................1341-1355

Boris I.......................................1355-1383

? Simeon I.........................................1383
d. 1402

Boris I (restored)............................1383-1392 d. 1394

To Moscow.....................................1392-1395

Basil Kirdyapa (in Suzdal passim 1383-1403)........1395
d. 1403

To Moscow.....................................1395-1401

Basil Kirdyapa (restored)................1401-1403

?John
Strongbow (in Suzdal 1412-4)......1403-1408

To Serpukhov..................................1408-1410

Simeon II (also
in Borovsk)..............1410-141? d. 1425;
with...

Yaroslav (also in
Maliy Yaroslavets).....1410-1419 d. 1426

To Moscow.....................................1419-1446

To Nizhny Novgorod.................................1447

To Moscow thereafter...

KASIMOVA city
about 160 miles (260 km.) east-southeast of Moscow. The name "Kasimov"
didn't become current until the 15th century; earlier the place was called
Gorodets-Meshcherskiy.

To Finnish tribes of Meshchera to the early 10th
century

To Kiev.........................early 10th century-988

To Rostov......................................988-1010

To Murom......................................1010-1015

To Kiev.......................................1015-1017

To Novgorod...................................1017-1020

To Kiev.......................................1020-1024

To Chernigov..................................1024-1036

To Kiev.......................................1036-1054

To Chernigov..................................1054-1077

To Riazan.....................................1077-1237

To the Golden Horde...........................1237-1452

Within Riazan district...................1238-1326

Principality of Gorodets-Meshcherskiy

NARUCHAD

Husein of Naruchad.......................1326-13
?

Beklemish Useinovich.....................13 ?-13
?

Demetrius Beklemishevich.................13 ?-137
?

George Dmitriyevich.....................137 ?-1392

To Muscovy...............................1394-1452

BORJEGIN-KAZAN

Kasim.........................................1452-1469

Damyar........................................1469-1485

BORJEGIN-KRYM (Girai)

Nur Devlet....................................1485-1498

Saltighan.....................................1498-1508

Janai.........................................1508-1512

BORJEGIN-TIMUR QUTLUQID

Shaikh Awliar.................................1512-1516

Shah 'Ali (see Kazan).........................1516-1519
d. 1567

Jan 'Ali (see Kazan)..........................1519-1535

Shah 'Ali (restored) (see Kazan)..............1535-1567

Sayin Bulat (in all Russia 1574-76 as Simeon).1567-1573
d. 1616

Mustafa 'Ali..................................1573-1583

To Russia.....................................1583-1600

Urus Mohammed.................................1600-1610

To Russia.....................................1610-1614

BORJEGIN-SIBIR (Shaybanid)

Arslan........................................1614-1626

Sayyid Burhan.................................1626-1678

Fatima Sultana (fem.)..........................1678-1681

To Russia thereafter...

John I...................................1681-
?

Basil II.................................. ?
-1715

KAZAN A city about 400 miles east of Moscow.
Founded in the 13th century by the invading Horde, it became a Russian
vassal in 1469. It threw off Russian suzerainty in 1504. Its final conquest
in 1552 is seen by Russians as something of a watershed, in that the reconquest
of a Mongol stronghold immediately after the establishment of the Czarist
Empire (1547) is regarded as putting a seal of legitimacy on the new state.
It is also something of a gateway into Siberia, being only 300 miles or
so from the Urals.

To Khazaria.................................c.
651-c. 922

Khanate of Burjin (Aq Bulgar)The
Horde of the second son of Kubrat, Kagan of all the Bulgars (640-651).
Initially located in the northern Caucasus, moved to the Volga-Kama region
in the 750's.

DULO

Kotragh...................................fl.
660's

??

Mar (Marduan).......................c. 747/59-c.
760

Khanate of the Volga Bulgars

Tat-Ugek...............................c. 760-c.
787

?

Aydar ? ..................................819-855

Lachyn...................................late
850's

Barys.........................................c.
865

Gabdula Shilki.........................c. 865-c.
882

Bat Ugyr...............................c. 882-c.
895

Almush Djafar ibn Abdallah..................c. 895-c. 925

Muslim from 922.

Hasan ibn Djafar............................c. 925-c. 930

Mika'il Yalkau ibn Djafar...................c. 930-c. 943

Muhammad ibn Djafar.........................c. 943-976

Talib Mu'min ibn al-Hasan......................976-980 with...

Mu'min ibn Ahmad...............................976-977

Timar ibn Muhammad.............................980-1004

Masgut ibn Muhammad...........................1004-1006

Ibrahim ibn Muhammed..........................1006-1025

Ashraf Baluq ibn Timar.............................1025

Azgar ibn Masgut..............................1025-1028

Ashraf Baluq ibn Timar (restored).............1028-1061

Azgar ibn Masgut (restored)........................1061

Ahad ibn Azgar................................1061-1076

Adam ibn Ashraf...............................1076-1118

Shamgun ibn Adam..............................1118-1135

Khisam Anbal ibn Selim Kolyn..................1135-1164

Otyak ibn Shamgum.............................1164-1180's

Gabdula Chebir..............................1180's-1236

To Mongols (Golden Horde).....................1236-1438
opposed by...

Selim..........................................fl.
c. 1236

Ilgam ibn Selim...........................fl.
1236-1236 >

Baiyan.....................................1239/40-1241
with...

Djiku......................................1239/40-1241

Bulat Temur...................................1361-1367
and then...

Hasan (Asan)..................................1367-1370
and then...

Saltan........................................1370-c.
1371 and then once more...

Hasan (restored)...........................c.
1371-1376

Muhammad Sultan................................fl.
1376

Tetiak(Entiak).................................fl.
1394

Bichur.........................................
? -1395 and also...

Abdullah Pasha.................................
? -1396

Talich.........................................fl.
1411

Altyn Beg

'Ali (Gali) Beg...........................fl.
1429-1445 ?

Khanate of Kazan

BORJEGIN-KAZAN

Ulugh Muhammad................................1438-1446

Mahmudek (Mahmud) ibn Ulugh Muhammad..........1446-1466

Khalil ibn Mahmud.............................1466-1467

Ibrahim ibn Mahmud............................1467-1479

To Muscovy....................................1469-1504

Ilham ('Ali) ibn Ibrahim.................1479-1485
d. 1487

Muhammad Amin ibn Ibrahim................1485-1486
d. 1518

Ilham (restored).........................1486-1487

Muhammad Amin ibn Ibrahim (restored).....1487-1496
d. 1518

Borjegin-Shaybanid

Mamuk (see Sibir)........................1496-1497

Borjegin-Aq Ordu-Kazan

'Abdul-Latif.............................1497-1502

Muhammad Amin (re-restored)...................1502-1518

Borjegin-Timur Qutluqid

Shah 'Ali (see Kasimov).......................1518-1521
d. 1567

Borjegin-Girai

Sahib Girai...................................1521-1525

Safa Girai....................................1525-1532 d. 1549

Borjegin-Timur Qutluqid

Jan 'Ali (see Kasimov)........................1532-1535

Borjegin-Girai

Safa Girai (restored).........................1535-1546 d. 1549

Borjegin-Timur Qutluqid

Shah 'Ali (restored)...............................1546 d. 1567

Borjegin-Girai

Safa Girai (re-restored)......................1546-1549

Utemish Girai.................................1549-1551

Borjegin-Timur Qutluqid

Shah 'Ali (re-restored)(see Kasimov)..........1551-1552
d. 1567

Borjegin-Astrakhan

Yadiger Mohammed...................................1552

To Russia from 1552 thereafter, opposed by...

MANGYT

'Ali Akram....................................1553-1556

KURSK Modern
center of Kursk oblast of Russia, roughly 225 miles south of Moscow
and an equal distance east of Kiev. Kursk is well-remembered in recent
Russian history as the site of one of the largest tank battle in history,
pitting Soviet vs. Nazi troops against each other in 1943.

Within Chernigov territory until 1094

To Kiev.......................................1094-1096

RURIKOVICH

Izyaslav I the Young.....................1094-1096

To Chernigov..................................1096-1097

To Novgorod-Severskiy.........................1097-1127

Igor I the Saint (in
Kiev 1146)..........1115-1127 d.1147

To Kiev.......................................1127-1134

Izyaslav II (in
Kiev 1146-54)............1127-1134 d.1154

To Novgorod-Severskiy.........................1134-1146

Gleb I...................................1134-1138

Igor I the Saint (restored)..............1138-1139

Svyatoslav I (in
Chernigov 1158-64)......1139-1146 d. 1164

To Suzdal.....................................1146-1147

John.....................................1146-1147

Izyaslav III (in Kiev 1155-61)................1147-1148
d. 1161

To Suzdal.....................................1148-1151

Gleb II (in Kiev
1169-71)................1148-1151 d. 1171

To Novgorod-Severskiy.........................1151-1212

Igor II the Brave........................1164-1180
d. 1202

Wild Bull Vsevolod I.....................1180-1196

Oleg I (in Chernigov 1223-24).................1202-12
? d. aft. 1228

Svyatoslav II..................................fl. 13th cent.

George.........................................fl. 13th cent.

Demetrius......................................fl. 13th cent.

? under direct Tatar rule...................<
1282-1368

Within Rylsk..................................1368-1503

To Muscovy, and Russia, thereafter...

LADOGA (Staraya Ladoga; Aldeigjuborg)
A town in northwestern Russia on Lake Ladoga, to the east of modern St.
Petersburg. Staraya Ladoga began as a trading settlement for various Finnic
peoples. Though the popular view of northeastern Europe in that period
is one of barbarism, Staraya Ladoga was probably quite cosmopolitan, with
traders coming from as far away as Britain, Scandinavia, Byzantium, Khazaria
and even Persia. The town was under Norse control from around 750 (possibly
much earlier). Staraya Ladoga is generally regarded as the origin point
for the Rus state. Although its early history is highly speculative, I
have briefly outlined some of the current theories below.

Finnic period, 1000 BCE-750 CE

To Samoyedic peoples........................1000's-500's

To Lappish peoples (Saami)...................500's-200's

To Karelians, Veps, Eesti, & other Finns.200's
BCE-750 CE

Svaflami (possibly legendary)......................early 600's ?

Ivar Vifadme.......................................mid 600's

Harald Hildetand.............................650's-late 600's

According to the Yngling Saga, Ivar and Harald, both
kings of Denmark, established a vast Baltic empire which included the Ladoga
region. The area was probably still under the day-to-day management of
local Finn princes.

Radbard (Ratibor of Novgorod ?).........late 600's-c. 719

Norse period, 750-838

Viking traders and raiders from Scania, Uppsala,
and Gotland probably took over Staraya Ladoga in the 750s. They called
the town Aldeigjuborg and the area around it Gårdarike. See alsoAlaborg.

Aldeigja...........................................mid 700's ?

Bravlin............................................late 700's ?

Dir Bjorn..........................................early 800's ?

Possible republic......................early
800's-838

"Khaganate of Rus" period 838-862

This is one of the least-understood periods of Russian
history. Around the 830's, Arab travelogues begin describing a Khaganate
of the Rus, located far to the north. Its organization imitated the command
hierarchy of the Khazar state. It is unclear whether the aristocracy was
Slavic, Finnish or Norse in origin. Omeljan Pritsak, a Ukranian historian,
speculated that the Khaganate of Rus was founded by Xan-Tuvan Dyggvi, a
Khazar khagan who led a rebellion in the early 800's and fled north after
his defeat. According to Pritsak, Xan-Tuvan intermarried with the local
aristocracy and helped organize a new state along lines familiar to him.
Unfortunately, because Pritsak is notoriously poor at documenting his theories
and providing sources, the veracity of this claim about the nature of the
Rus Khaganate, fascinating though it is, is impossible to determine.

Xan-Tuvan Dyggvi ? ................................mid 800's

Kievian Rus Period 862-1478

It is widely accepted that Staraya Ladoga became
part of Rurik's dominions when he took over Novgorod in the 860s. Thereafter
it was usually under the domination of Novgorod.

To Novgorod..................................860's-1478

Ingegärd (fem.)...........................1019-1050

Ingegärd was the daughter of Olaf Skötkonung,
King of Sweden. According to the sagas she was promised as bride to the
Norwegian king Olav Haraldsson in 1018, as peace gift. But Olaf broke his
promise and married her in 1019 to the Russian Grand Prince Yaroslav. She
received Ladoga as a marriage gift.

Russian era, 1478-

To Muscovy, and Russia........................1478-1917

In 1703 Russian tsar Peter I the Great founded the
town of Novaya Ladoga ("New Ladoga"), and renamed the old city Staraya
Ladoga ("Old Ladoga").

To Soviet Union...............................1917-1941

To Finland (briefly)...............................1941

To Soviet Union...............................1941-1991

To Russia.....................................1991-

MOSCOW; the Patriarchate
Although this archive is mainly concerned with temporal sovereignty, some
discussion of ecclesiastic authorities is inevitable, and in the case of
the Primates of Russia, far more necessary than normal. Knyazy, Tsars,
and Commissars may come and go, foreigners may invade only to be washed
away again, but the Russian Orthodox Church has been the essence of what
has kept this culture vibrant and alive through every time of trouble.
Here is a note on the leadership of the church since the establishment
of the Metropolitan Bishops in Moscow, under the Mongols. (For the secular
rulers of Moscow, see just below, under Muscovy).
For listings of the Four Primates of the Greek Orthodox Church, go to the
Eastern
Patriarchates page.

Metropolitans of Moscow and all Russia (Jonas,
just below, was the first to be elected without the sanction of Constantinople,
thus establishing the Russian Church as a fully independent body.)

St. Jonas.....................................1448-1461

Theodosius....................................1461-1464

Philip I......................................1464-1473

Gerontius.....................................1473-1489

Zosimus.......................................1490-1494 d.aft.1494

Symeon........................................1495-1511

Varlaam.......................................1511-1521

Daniel........................................1522-1539

Joasaphus.....................................1539-1542

Macarius......................................1542-1563

Athanasius....................................1564-1566 d.aft.1566

Gherman............................................1566

St. Philip II.................................1566-1568 d.aft.1569

Cyril.........................................1568-1572

Anthony.......................................1572-1581

Dionysius.....................................1581-1587

vacant

Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia

Jove..........................................1589-1605 d. 1607

Ignatius......................................1605-1606 d. aft. 1606

St. Hermogenus................................1606-1612 d. aft. 1612

Philaret (Fyodor N. Romanov - father of
Tsar Michael I)1619-1633

Joasaphus I...................................1634-1642

Joseph........................................1642-1652

Nikon.........................................1652-1658 d. 1681

Pitirim, Metropolitan of Krutitsy, Coadjutor 1658-1667
d. 1673

Joasaphus II..................................1667-1672

Pitirim of Krutitsy (restored, as Patr.)......1672-1673

Joachim.......................................1674-1690

Adrian........................................1690-1700

Stefan Yavorskiy, Metrop. of Ryazan, Coadjutor 1700-1721

Between 1721-1917 the Russian Orthodox Church was
administered by a Holy Synod, consisting of the most influential Metropolitans,
Archbishops and Bishops. Moscow itself was administered by a territorial
Archbishop (combined with Vladimir 1721-1745, with Sevsk 1745-1764, with
Kaluga 1764-1799), then Metropolitan (combined with Kaluga, 1799-1917).

Metropolitans of Moscow

Iosif....................................1742-1745

Platon I.................................1745-1754

Hilarion of Krutitsy (Locum Tenens) 1754-1757

Timofei..................................1757-1767

Ambrosius................................1767-1771

Samouel of Krutitsy (Locum Tenens) 1771-1775

Platon II................................1775-1811

Augustin.................................1811-1819

Serafim..................................1819-1821 d. 1843

Filaret..................................1821-1867

Innocent.................................1868-1879

Macarius I...............................1879-1882

Joannicius...............................1882-1891 d. 1900

Leontius.................................1891-1893

Sergei...................................1893-1898

Vladimir.................................1898-1912 d. 1918

Macarius II..............................1912-1917 d. 1926

Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia

St. Tikhon....................................1917-1926

vacant

Sergius, Coadjutor 1928-1943, Patriarch.......1943-1945

Alexius I (II)................................1945-1970

Pimen (II)....................................1970-1991

Alexius II (III)..............................1991-

MUROMA city
150 miles east of Moscow.

To Novgorod..................................870's-882

To Kiev........................................882-969

To Novgorod....................................969-980

To Kiev........................................980-988

To Rostov......................................988-1010

RURIKOVICH

Gleb I the Saint..............................1010-1015

To Kiev.......................................1015-1016

To Novgorod...................................1016-1024

To Chernigov..................................1024-1036

To Kiev.......................................1036-1052

To Rostov.....................................1052-1054

To Chernigov..................................1054-1073

David.........................................1073-1094 d. 1123

Yaroslav II the Young.........................1094-1096 d. 1129

Oleg of Chernigov..................................1096 d. 1115

Isyaslav...........................................1096

Oleg of Chernigov (restored)..................1096-1097 d. 1115

Yaroslav II the Young (restored)..............1097-1123 d. 1129

Vsevolod......................................1123-1127

Yaroslav II the Young (re-restored)...........1127-1129

Svyatoslav II.................................1129-1145

Rostislav.....................................1145-1154 d. 1157

To Suzdal..........................................1154

Rostislav (restored)..........................1154-1157

Vladimir I....................................1157-1161

George I......................................1161-1174

Vladimir II...................................1174-1203

David.........................................1203-1228

George II.....................................1228-123 ?

Basil I the Fair..............................123 ?-1237

To the Mongols................................1237-1480

Yaroslav (III)................................1238-12 ?

Gleb II.......................................12 ?-13 ?

Basil II......................................13 ?-1344

George III....................................1344-1354 d. 1355

Theodore......................................1354-13 ?

Vladimir III..................................13 ?-138 ?

Andrew II.....................................138 ?-1392 d. aft. 1392

To Muscovy thereafter...

MUSCOVY From
a small trading post on the Moskva River, Moscow city has grown to become
one of the worlds leading metropoli. For the Ecclesiastic leaders of Moscow
and the Russian Orthodox Church, see above, Moscow.

RURIKOVICH

To the Mongols................................1237-1480

Michael Khorobrit.............................1246-1248

To Vladimir...................................1248-1263

Daniel........................................1263-1303

George I Redhair..............................1303-1325

John I Moneybags..............................1325-1341

Simeon the Proud..............................1341-1353

John II the Fair..............................1353-1359

Demetrius III Donskoi.........................1359-1360 d. 1389

Demetrius IV the Elder........................1360-1362 d. 1383

Demetrius III Donskoi (restored)..............1362-1363 d. 1389

Demetrius IV the Elder (re-restored)...............1363 d. 1383

Demetrius III Donskoi (re-restored)...........1363-1389

Basil I.......................................1389-1425

Basil II the Blind............................1425-1432 d. 1462

George IV.....................................1432-1433 d. 1434

Basil II the Blind (restored).................1433-1434 d. 1462

George IV (restored)...............................1434

Basil II the Blind (re-restored)..............1434-1446 d. 1462

Demetrius V of Galitzia.......................1446-1447

Basil II the Blind (re-re-restored)...........1447-1462

John III the Great............................1462-1505

Basil III.....................................1505-1533

John IV the Awesome (Ivan the Terrible).......1533-1574 d. 1584

TATAR

Semyon II Bek-Bulatovich......................1574-1576 d. 1616

RURIKOVICH

John IV the Awesome (restored)................1576-1584

Muscovy merged within Russian Empire ..............1547

NIZHNY NOVGOROD
Modern Nizhegorod, near the confluence of the Volga and Oka. A Grand Principality
during the Tatar era.

Republic of Novgorod (1126-1478) From
1126, the city was a republic inasmuch as the leadership was elected rather
than appointed by the prince. The office of prince (knyaz) continued, not
as administrators but simply as military functionaries.

PSKOV At the
southern end of the Peipus-Pskov Lake system at the southeast corner of
Estonia, about 150 miles (240 km.) southwest of St. Petersburg, and 100
miles (160 km.) west-southwest of Novgorod. Originally Pleskov, now the
modern center of Pskov oblast of Russian Federation. It was a principality
in the 1st half of 11th century and then joined to Novgorod. Sometimes
Pleskov was ruled by separate princes, but often it was ruled directly
from Novgorod until the mid 13th century when the city began accepting
as rulers princes exiled from their possessions. Each exiled prince that
went to Pleskov could be proclaimed prince there (if principal throne wasn't
occupied by other prince) but in any case he could get honorary reception
and live there without fear for his life. From 1348 Pleskov became fully
independent from Novgorod. Then Pleskov became an ally of Moscow in its
conflict with Novgorod. In 15th century Pleskov often asked Moscow for
princes from local Muscovite nobility. In 1510 Pleskov was joined to Muscovy
and became part of united Russian state.

Center of tribal union of North Kriviches (Pleskoviches) until c. 800...

RIAZAN (New) Previous
to the Mongol subjugation, this town (about 100 miles southeast of Moscow)
was a sub-principality usually under the authority of (Old) Riazan, and
known as PEREYASLAVL. After Old Riazan's
obliteration in 1237, this place took on the name and traditions of the
Riazan lordship, under Tatar tutelege, until being absorbed by Muscovy
at the beginning of the 16th century.

To Riazan....................................until
1177

To Vladimir...................................1177-1180

To Riazan.....................................1180-1208

RURIKOVICH

Yaroslav I...............................1180-1185
d. 1199

Roman I..................................1185-1199
d. 1217

Ingvar I.................................1199-1208
d. 1235

To Vladimir...................................1208-1212

To Riazan.....................................1212-1237

Ingvar I (restored)......................1212-1216
d. 1235

George...................................1216-1217
d. 1237

Ingvar II................................1217-1237
d. 1252

To the Mongols................................1237-1456

Ingvar II (restored)..........................1238-1252

Oleg I the Fair...............................1252-1258

Roman II the Saint............................1258-1270

Theodore I....................................1270-1294

Constantine...................................1294-1301

Basil I.......................................1301-1308

John I........................................1308-1326

John II Short-Tunic...........................1326-1341

Yaroslav Demetrius............................1341-1344

John III......................................1344-1346

Basil II......................................1346-1349

Oleg II the Great.............................1349-1371 d. 1402

Vladimir II...................................1371-1372

Oleg II the Great (restored)..................1372-1380 d. 1402

Demetrius Donskoi, of Muscovy.................1380-1381 d. 1389

Oleg II the Great (re-restored)...............1381-1402

Theodore II...................................1402-1408 d. 1426

John IV.......................................1408-1409

Theodore II (restored)........................1409-1426

John V........................................1426-1456

Basil II......................................1456-1483

John VI.......................................1483-1500

John VII the Exile............................1500-1521 d. aft. 1521

To Muscovy thereafter...

RIAZAN (Old)An
early Russian Principality, one of great power and influence in central
Russian territory. In 1237, the town was destroyed and its population annihilated
by the advancing Mongol Horde. Regional control was assumed by neighbouring
Pereyaslavl, 25 miles to the northwest, which assumed the titles and name
of Riazan (see just above), under Mongol authority. In the 14th century,
the site of the old town was re-occupied, and saw a brief re-emergence
of local autonomy at the end of the 15th century, before being absorbed
by Muscovy.

To Novgorod..................................870's-882

To Kiev........................................882-988

To Rostov......................................988-1010

To Murom......................................1010-1015

To Kiev.......................................1015-1017

To Novgorod...................................1017-1018

To Kiev.......................................1018-1024

To Chernigov..................................1024-1036

To Kiev.......................................1036-1054

To Chernigov..................................1054-1077

RURIKOVICH

Yaroslav I the Young..........................1077-1096 d. 1129

Isyaslav...........................................1096

Yaroslav I the Young (restored)....................1096 d. 1129

Mstislav the Great............................1096-1097 d. 1132

Svyatoslav the Young..........................1097-1129 d. 1145

Rostislav.....................................1129-1145 d. 1157

Vladimir......................................1145-1147 d. 1161

Gleb I........................................1147-1154 d. 1178

To Suzdal..........................................1154

Gleb I (restored).............................1154-1177 d. 1178

Vsevolod Bignest..............................1177-1180 d. 1212

Roman I.......................................1180-1207 d. 1216

Roman II......................................1207-1208 d. 1217

Yaroslav II...................................1208-1212 d. 1246

Roman I (restored)............................1212-1216

Roman II (restored)...........................1216-1217

Gleb II the Damned.................................1217 d. aft. 1237

Ingvar........................................1217-1235

George........................................1235-1237

Roman III..........................................1237

To the Mongols................................1237-1456

Within Pereyaslavl-Riazan district............1238-1502

Theodore (in Perevitsk
& Staraya Riazan).1483-1502

To Muscovy thereafter...

ROSTOV Not
to be mistaken for the large port at the eastern end of the Sea of Azov,
this Rostov is located in Yaroslavl Oblast, about 125 miles northeast of
Moscow.

To Novgorod..................................870's-882

To Kiev........................................882-988

RURIKOVICH

Yaroslav.......................................988-1010

Boris I the Saint.............................1010-1015

To Novgorod...................................1015-1052

Rostislav the Brave...........................1052-1054 d. 1067

To Pereyaslavl................................1054-1087

To Novgorod...................................1087-1094

Mstislav I the Great.....................1087-1094
d. 1132

Isyaslav I....................................1094-1095 d. 1096

Mstislav I the Great (restored)....................1095 d. 1132

Isyaslav I (restored).........................1095-1096

Oleg...............................................1096

Mstislav I the Great, Pr. of Novg. (re-rest.).1096-1097
d. 1132

Yaropolk I....................................1097-1114 d. 1139

George Longarm................................1114-1134 d. 1155

Yaropolk (restored)................................1134 d. 1139

Isyaslav II........................................1134

George Longarm (restored).....................1134-1155

Mstislav II...................................1155-1157 d. 1162

Andrew I......................................1157-1174

Yaropolk II........................................1174 d. 1198

Mstislav III..................................1174-1175 d. 1178

Michael.......................................1175-1176

Vsevolod Bignest..............................1176-1207 d. 1212

Constantine I the Bookish.....................1207-1218

Basil I the Brave.............................1218-1238

To the Mongols................................1238-1474

Boris II.................................1238-1277

Gleb.....................................1277-1278

Demetrius I..............................1278-1294

Constantine II...........................1294-1307

Basil II.................................1307-1321

Hereafter, the city and district was partitioned
along diocese lines into two separate Principalities, each named for the
cathedral in its area; SS. Boris & Gleb, and Ustretenye.

ROSTOV-BORISSOGLEBSK

Constantine III..........................1321-1365

John I...................................1365-137
?

Basil III...............................137 ?-1380

Andrew II................................1380-1417

Theodore II..............................1417-1418

John II..................................1418-
?

John III.................................. ?
-1474

To Muscovy thereafter...

ROSTOV-USTRETENSK

Theodore I...............................1321-1331

Within Muscovy, ruled by Prince-Governors

Andrew I.................................1331-1380

Demetrius II.............................1380-1389

To Muscovy directly thereafter...

RUSSIA
A general survey of the modern state, including the leaders of the Soviet
Union and the latest republic. Note well; although the state may fairly
be thought to have emerged in 1547 with the coronation of John as Tsar
(Caesar) of All the Russias, the Russian Empire per se does not technically
commence until the assumption of the titles of Imperator and Autocrat by
Peter the Great in 1721.

(Two other False Dmitris appear in this era, technically
FD III in Pskov and IV in Astrakhan, but neither pretender had much impact
on events, or were able to capture much territory or support. I have also
heard of several "False Peter"s, apparently Cossack bandits masquerading
as other Rurikovichi, but I have no more information about them.)

Polish invasion...............................1609-1613

Wladyslaw Vasa appointed sovereign by his father,
Sigismund, King of Poland.

ROMANOV

Michael.......................................1613-1645

Alexius.......................................1645-1676

Theodore IV...................................1676-1682

John V........................................1682-1696 with...

Peter I the Great.............................1682-1725

SKAVRONSKY

Catherine I...................................1725-1727

ROMANOV

Peter II......................................1727-1730

Anne..........................................1730-1740

WELF

John VI.......................................1740-1741 d. 1764

ROMANOV

Elizabeth.....................................1741-1762

OLDENBURG (-Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp)

Peter III..........................................1762

ANHALT-ZERBST

Catherine II the Great........................1762-1796

OLDENBURG(-Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp), called
ROMANOV

Paul the Mad..................................1796-1801

Alexander I...................................1801-1825

Nicholas I....................................1825-1855

Alexander II..................................1855-1881

Alexander III.................................1881-1894

Nicholas II...................................1894-1917 d. 1918

Michael (II)................................1 day, 1917

Provisional Government.............................1917

Georgi Lvov...................................1917
(See note below)

Alexander Kerensky............................1917

Russia (Communist), then (1922) Soviet Union..1917-1991
opposed by...

Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin).................1917-1924

Josef Dzugashvili (Stalin)...............1924-1953

Georgi Malenkov..........................1953-1955

Nikita Khrushchev........................1955-1964

Leonid Brezhnev..........................1964-1982

Yuri Andropov............................1982-1984

Constantine Chernenko....................1984-1985

Mikhail Gorbachev........................1985-1991

The "White" Govt. under General Denikin.......1918-1920
and...

Many, many other splinter governments. See localities
for more details...

Republic......................................1991-

Boris Yeltsin............................1991-1999

Vladimir Putin.................(Dec. 31) 1999-2008

Dmitry Medvedev..........................2008-

NOTE:I
cannot resist mentioning that Georgi Lvov was a direct descendent of Theodore
Rostislavich the Black, Prince of Smolensk; in other words, the more-or-less
immediate successor to the last of the Romanovs was... a Rurikovich.SMOLENSK To
the Tatars 1239-1340, Muscovy 1340-1386, Lithuania 1386-1401

SUZDALIn modern
Vladimir oblast. A Principality within the orbit of Kiev from 1134,
it became a Grand Principality from 1212.

To Rostov until....................................1134

RURIKOVICH

George I Longarm..............................1134-1149

Basil I.......................................1149-1151 d. aft. 1166

George I Longarm (restored)...................1151-1155 d. 1157

Michael I.....................................1155-1157 d. 1176

To Vladimir...................................1157-1174

Yaropolk I....................................1174-1175 d. 1198

To Rostov..........................................1175

To Vladimir...................................1175-1216

George II the Saint (Vladimir 1212-16, 18-38).1216-1218

To Vladimir...................................1218-1238

To the Mongols................................1238-1480

Svyatoslav I (Pr.of Yuryev-Polskiy)...........1238-1246
d. 1252

Andrew I (in Vladimir 1248-52)................1245-1249
d. 1264

To Vladimir...................................1248-1259

Andrew I (restored)...........................1259-1264

George........................................1264-1279

Michael.......................................1279-1305

Basil II......................................1305-1309

Alexander.....................................1309-1331

Constantine (in Nizhny Novgorod 1341-1354)....1331-1341

Andrew (also in Nizhny Novgorod)..............1341-1355

Demetrius.....................................1355-1383

Basil III Kirdyapa............................1383-1387 d. 1403

Simeon........................................1387-1389

Basil III Kirdyapa (restored).................1389-1392 d. 1403

Boris.........................................1392-1394

Basil III Kirdyapa (re-restored)...................1394 d. 1403

Daniel I......................................1394-1410 d. aft. 1418

John I........................................1410-1412 d. 1417

John II Strongbow.............................1412-1414

Alexander II Potbelly.........................1414-1417

Alexander III Vzmeten.........................1417-1418

George IV (Pr.of Shuya).......................1418-
?

Basil IV Shuisky............................... ? -1446

John III (Pr.of Mozhaysk).....................1446-1447
d. aft. 1454

Theodore Shuisky...................................1447 d.aft.1447

Daniel II.....................................1447-1451

To Muscovy thereafter...

TVERCenter
of modern Kalinin region of Russia. One of the most powerful Russian principalities
whose rulers ingaged in considerable conflict with Moscow for seniority
over Russian lands.

To Vladimir until 1212

To Pereyaslavl-Zalesskiy.....................1212-1237
(1246)

To the Mongols...............................1237-1480

RURIKOVICH

Yaroslav I..............................1238-1246

Yaroslav II.............................1246-1272

Svyatoslav..............................1272-1286

Michael I the Saint.....................1286-1318

Demetrius Cruel-Eyes....................1318-1326

Alexander the Saint.....................1326-1328
d. 1339

Constantine.............................1328-1337
d. 1346

Alexander the Saint (restored)..........1337-1339

Constantine (restored)..................1339-1345
d. 1346

Vsevolod................................1345-1348
d. 1365

Basil...................................1348-1366

Michael II..............................1366-1399

John....................................1399-1425

Alexander II.................................1425

George.......................................1425

Boris the Great.........................1425-1461

Michael III the Exile........................1461-1485 d. aft. 1505

To Muscovy

VIATKA In
the far northeast of European Russia, below Samoyed territory and not especially
distant from the Urals.

To Finnish tribes of Perm until the late 12th
century.

Local Novgorodian colonies..............late
12th-early 14th cent.

Republic of Viatka.............early 14th century-1489

under Nizhegorodian suzereinity..mid 14th c.-1391

To the Golden Horde..........................1391-1489

under Moscow suzereinity................1392-1403

under Galitzian (Galich-Merskiy) suz....1403-1434

under Moscow suzereinity................1434-1446

under Nizhegorodian suzereinity.........1446-1447

under Moscow suzereinity................1447-1489

To Muscovy and Russia directly from 1489

VLADIMIR One
of the primary cities of Mediaeval Russia, the chief city, in fact, from
1169 to 1240. Located about 100 miles (160 km.) east of Moscow.

To Suzdal.......................................
-1156

RURIKOVICH

Andrew I Bogoliubski.........................1157-1174

Michael I....................................1174-1175 d. 1176

Yaropolk..........................................1175 d. 1198

Michael I (restored).........................1175-1176

Vsevolod III Bignest.........................1176-1212

George II the Saint..........................1212-1216 d. 1238

Constantine the Bookish......................1216-1218

George II the Saint (restored)...............1218-1238

To the Mongols...............................1237-1480

Yaroslav II.............................1238-1246

Svyatoslav III..........................1246-1247
d. 1252

Michael I Khorobrit.....................1247-1248

Andrew II...............................1248-1252
d. 1264 with...

Alexander I Nevski......................1248-1263

Yaroslav III............................1263-1272

Basil...................................1272-1276

Demetrius I.............................1276-1281
d. 1294

Andrew III..............................1281-1283
d. 1304

Demetrius I (restored)..................1283-1284
d. 1294

Andrew III (restored)...................1284-1286
d. 1304

Demetrius I (re-restored)...............1286-1291
d. 1294

Andrew III (re-restored)................1291-1304

Michael II the Saint....................1304-1318

George III Redhair......................1318-1322
d. 1325

Demetrius II Evil-eye...................1322-1326

Alexander II the Fugitive...............1326-1327
d. 1330

Capital transferred to Muscovy

YAROSLAVLModern
center of Yaroslavl oblast of the Russian Federation. Always a Grand
Principality, at first it was a possession of an intermediate line of Rostovian
Rurikoviches but then it was inherited by a junior line of Smolenian princes,
descendants of Gr. Pr. Theodore the Black of Smolensk and Yaroslavl.