Hearing Loss

What are the different types of hearing loss?

Hearing loss can be categorized by many different types. Two types of hearing loss are sensorineural and conductive. Both types of hearing loss can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired.

Sensorineural. A loss of function within the inner ear or with the connection to the brain. Causes of this type of hearing loss include:

Congenital factors (conditions present at birth) such as:

Infection by the mother with toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes, or syphilis

Maternal diabetes

Complications associated with Rh factor in the blood

Genetic factors and syndromes the child has at birth

Low birthweight or prematurity

Hereditary (in the family)

Acquired

Loud noise exposure

Trauma

Infections

Damage from certain medications that can be harmful to the ears

Conductive hearing loss. A problem in the outer or middle ear where sound waves are not sent to the inner ear correctly. Conductive hearing loss is the most common type of hearing loss in children and is usually acquired. Factors that may cause this type of hearing loss are:

Congenital factors (conditions present at birth) such as:

Anomalies of the pinna (the outside of the ear)

Anomalies of the tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Anomalies of the external ear canal

Anomalies of the ossicles (the three tiny bones that deliver the sound waves to the middle ear)