Figure 3.

Effects of period (per) and cycle (cyc) RNA interference (RNAi) on the cuticle deposition rhythm in Riptortus pedestris. (a) Cross sections of the tibia of the hind leg 20 days after adult emergence under
short-day conditions. per RNAi (left) produced a single thickened dark layer and cyc RNAi (right) produced a single bright layer. Scale bars: 25 μm. (b) Twenty days after
injection of per, cyc, or β-lactamase (bla) double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or saline, cuticle layers were observed in the same individuals
as shown in Figure 4a. The ordinate shows the percentage of individuals with alternating
double layers in the endocuticle. Bars with the same letters are not significantly
different (Tukey-type multiple comparisons for proportions, P > 0.05).