Took a little work, but I got it! I recreated your format in excel and brought it into Tableau as a string field. In the Data Source tab, I right clicked the column header with the string format, and selected Custom Split. I used a single space as the separator, and had it split off All columns. This gave me new columns for the following parts:

Sat

Jun

18

03:25:12

CEST

2016

I deleted the Sat and CEST field, which left me with all the parts I needed. I named these new fields appropriately (Month, Day, Year, Time) and created the following calculated field:

DATETIME([Month] + " " + [Day] + ", " + [Year] + " " + [Time])

I named this calculate field New Date, and when I tried to force that to a Date & Time format it worked like a charm! Let me know if this works out for you!