Nutrient profiling is a means of presenting a nutrient solution with its worth given in terms of its elemental makeup
for elements essential to plant growth, and some beneficial elements. Because this is a common language spoken by all nutrient
solutions and fertilizer products, when it's known, a nutrient mix can be tailored using the guaranteed analysis from a
variety of fertilizer products. In this way, a nutrient solution mixed from one assortment of fertilizer products can be
reproduced by someone using a completely different assortment of products. For example, a solution made from liquid premixed
products can be reproduced by someone using dry raw chemical compounds, and vice versa.

This method of communicating nutrient solutions has been used by researchers and professionals because it leaves no doubt
as to the nutritive worth to be targeted when mixing fertilizers with water. When a profile target is given, instead of
the measures for a specific fertilizer or fertilizer brand used to mix the profile, it effectively becomes a generic formula
that can be used by anyone even if they don't have the same fertilizers or brand name products used by the originator of
the profile.

A Grower's ProjectSeveral years ago I undertook a project to find which hydroponic nutrient profile(s) produced the highest cannabis
yield. The project ended after 10 years and more than 25 crops. I was that convinced of the control nutrients gave me,
and just as determined not to let the project end until I proved it to myself. That never happened. As a starting point
I set out to collect as many published cannabis nutrient profiles as I could find. To my surprise I could only find two
sets of recommended cannabis profiles, one published by Mel Frank in his Marijuana Grower's Insider's Guide, the other
by pH Imbalance (no relation to myself) in his MJ Growers Handbook, both are shown further below.

Stage of Growth
The first thing you'll notice about the profiles is that they change according to the stage of growth for the crop, three
stages for those in the Marijuana Grower's Insider's Guide, and four for those in the MJ Growers Handbook. While three
or four reservoir changes aren't unusual for a hydroponic grower to endure, I've seen many stage of growth schedules
recommended by individuals and fertilizer manufacturers that called for more, some as often as every week (for a typical
90 day crop that's 13 reservoir changes). A nutrient solution is generally changed for two reasons. Primarily, to prevent
its profile from becoming dangerously depleted or out of balance from overuse, secondly, because the grower simply wanted
to change the nutrient profile in order to follow a certain stage of growth schedule even if the solution still has the
better part of its life remaining.

A grower should be aware that anyone recommending a reservoir change every week without knowing the
size of the reservoir and the area of growth it supports is probably playing it safe at the grower's expense for both labor
and fertilizer costs (for more information on reservoir changes see this nutrient solution
management article). Going on the assumption that the stage of growth recommendations produced acceptable results,
the project included as many as twelve reservoir changes and as few as three (including the initial first mix) even though
the size of the reservoir and the growth it supports dictate that only three changes were required. I found no difference
in yields, but I did spend more time working harder and using more fertilizer than I needed to whenever more than
three reservoir changes were made.

More is Better?
The second thing you'll notice about the profiles is that some are much stronger than others, with the growth stage formulas
being the strongest. However, even within the same stage of growth the authors don't seem to be of the same mind. This
suggests that cannabis produces equally well under a wide range of nutrient strengths and profiles, and that using more
is not necessarily better when using less gives the same results as using more.

The nutrient profiles used during this project varied according to Mel Frank's recommendations for both
moderate and strong light gardens. It was discovered that using 250ppm N during the growth stage produced no faster growth
nor higher yields than using the 100ppm N found in his flowering profile (the one highlighted red in the For Flowering section
below), and that the same flowering profile could also be used during the first two weeks of growth. It became apparent
that using growth stage as a prerequisite for managing a cannabis crop's nutrient profile was not only overstated, but
strengths and profiles were overstated as well. While this may not be the case with other hydroponically grown crops such
as tomatoes, it does suggest that cannabis has simpler needs than many people and fertilizer manufactures advocate. In
fact, using his 100N-100P-200K-60Mg flowering profile for all stages of growth with just three reservoir changes produced
the same yields as twelve reservoir changes and stronger profiles did. Doing less and using less produced the same results
as doing more and using more.

Recommended Profile Target
Where the 100N-100P-200K-60Mg target profile relates to General Hydroponics Flora Series 3 part liquid fertilizer products,
the same profile can be mixed without using any of the GH Grow component. If one carefully reads the labels, he'll find
the Micro component actually contains more N than the Grow, and the Grow component contains nothing else that isn't already
contained in the Micro and Bloom components. Substituting a little more of the Micro component to make up for the missing
Grow precludes the use of the Grow component altogether.

Deviations from a given target are to be expected when using any premixed fertilizer, even 3 part products, due to the
pre-determined ratio between elements contained in each part. More often than not, increasing the content of one element
to match its target perfectly causes other elements to move off-target. Given cannabis' apparent immunity to a
wide range of profiles, small compromises from the target are of no consequence, but often annoying. The profile arrived
at during the project used just the Micro and Bloom GH Flora components at a convenient 1:2 usage rate, though any comparable
fertilizer product(s) could be used to reproduce the profile. It translates into the following formula...

N-P-K-Mg ppm

ml/US Gallon GH Flora

Est TDS@.7

Est Cost/ResGal

122-99-171-68

7.5M-15B-0G

1251

$0.15

This formula has proven itself to be one that can be used for all stages of growth, under HID lighting of various intensities,
and when using a variety of hydroponic systems with a reasonably good quality source water. What is most notable, however,
is in the interest of efficiency, low maintenance, ease of use, fewer products to purchase, equally high yields and equally
healthy plants. For expedience, that GH formula was rounded to 8M-16B-0G, which has become widely known in Internet cannabis
circles as the Lucas formula.

About The Published Nutrient ProfilesThe published profiles are shown here for those wishing to use them as a starting point for their own project. And
though directly below each given set of ranges, in italics, are mixes for the General Hydroponics Flora Series brand
of fertilizer, you can use the Profile Calculator below to match your brand of fertilizer
with a profile. The mixes were designed to match, as closely as possible, the high end of the recommended
ranges. In normal reservoir maintenance, where only plain water is added back to the solution, mixes can be made nearer
the high end of the recommended ranges. This will account for the normal attrition of elements occurring over the life
of the solution, and by the time the solution is ready to be replaced its content should be nearer the low end of the range.

Mixes are shown in the format ml/gal M-B-G to indicate the milliliters per US gallon for General Hydroponics Flora
Micro, Bloom, and Grow components respectively (Hard Water Micro is not used here). The number accompanying each component
(for example 1M-1B-1G) indicates the milliliters per US Gallon to be used for that component. Following each mix
is its primary nutrient content in elemental ppm for N-P-K-Mg, as well as the metered TDSppm@.7 for the mix, and
the cost per reservoir gallon for the mix.

Element (symbol)

Mel Frank's Insider's Guide
Table 9.7

MJ Growers Handbook
by pH Imbalance

Moderate lightFluorescents & winter
natural light

Strong LightSunlight & 1000w HID

First Two Weeks

Nitrogen (N)

40-80

60-100

110-150

Phosphorus (P)

30-50

30-50

70-100

Potassium (K)

100-180

100-180

50-75

Magnesium (Mg)

30-50

30-50

-

ml/gal M-B-G

3M-9B-6G

4M-9B-6G

9M-15B-0G

N-P-K-Mg

84-67-187-50

100-67-189-50

146-99-175-68

Est TDS@.7

952

1038

1381

Est Cost/ResGal

$0.11

$0.12

$0.16

For Growth

Nitrogen (N)

150-250

250-350

200-250

Phosphorus (P)

60-80

70-90

60-80

Potassium (K)

250-350

150-250

150-200

Magnesium (Mg)

50-80

50-60

-

ml/gal M-B-G

9M-10B-18G

20M-14B-4G

14M-12B-4G

N-P-K-Mg

252-89-388-72

348-98-253-70

250-85-217-61

Est TDS@.7

2175

2517

1916

Est Cost/ResGal

$0.24

$0.27

$0.21

Pre-Flowering (two weeks before induction)

Nitrogen (N)

-

-

70-100

Phosphorus (P)

-

-

100-150

Potassium (K)

-

-

75-100

Magnesium (Mg)

-

-

-

ml/gal M-B-G

-

-

6M-22B-0G

N-P-K-Mg

-

-

97-146-238-100

Est TDS@.7

-

-

1401

Est Cost/ResGal

-

-

$0.18

For Flowering

Nitrogen (N)

40-100

40-100

0-50

Phosphorus (P)

70-90

70-100

100-150

Potassium (K)

120-220

100-200

50-75

Magnesium (Mg)

30-50

30-60

-

ml/gal M-B-G

4M-12B-6G

5M-15B-3G

3M-22B-0G

N-P-K-Mg

100-87-220-63

99-103-209-73

49-146-230-100

Est TDS@.7

1158

1200

1140

Est Cost/ResGal

$0.14

$0.15

$0.16

Seeding - Fertilized Flowers

Nitrogen (N)

-

-

100-200

Phosphorus (P)

-

-

70-100

Potassium (K)

-

-

100-150

Magnesium (Mg)

-

-

-

ml/gal M-B-G

-

-

12M-15B-0G

N-P-K-Mg

-

-

194-99-183-68

Est TDS@.7

-

-

1642

Est Cost/ResGal

-

-

$0.19

Regarding Mel Frank's recommendations: During flowering for sinsemilla make your
formula nearer the low end of these ranges. For seed crops, make the solution nearer the high end of the given ranges.

Costs based on Jan 2002 price avgs in US dollars.

Nutrient Profile CalculatorIf you use more than one fertilizer product in your nutrient solution, repeat the instructions for each product
while writing down the ppm for each element on a piece of paper. When done, add the ppm's for each element to find the
composite profile for all products. Alternatively, you can download the PremixPPM Excel workbook
which allows up to seven different nutrient products to be used in the same profile, it also has many other features not
available here.

Instructions

Java Script must be enabled to use the calculator.

Liquid fertilizer users only - If your fertilizer's labeling includes Net Weight and Liquid Volume,
enter that information at the top of the form.

In the Mixing Units box enter the quantity of fertilizer to be mixed with 1 US Gallon (3785ml) of water.

In the Guaranteed Analysis column, enter the percentage figures from the guaranteed analysis on your fertilizer label.
If Nitrogen isn't broken down by type on your label, enter the total N in any of the three N boxes in the Guaranteed
Analysis column.

Click the Calculate button.

ExamplesClick any of the example buttons to fill the form with data for that product, results will be calculated automatically.
The mixing units in the examples are those for the widely used 8M-16B-0G formula, you can edit them or any other inputs
then click the Calculate button to recalculate the profile.

Nutrient Profile Calculatorfor Premixed Fertilizers

If the label on your container of liquid nutrients contains the Net Weight
and Liquid Volume of the contents, enter that information here. If the
information is not available, or you use dry nutrients, do not change the
defaults, leave them both set at 1.Net Weight in grams
Liquid Volume in milliliters

Mixing Units
per US Gallon
Enter milliliters for liquids, grams for powders

Element (symbol)

Guaranteed Analysis

ppm

Nitrogen (N)

% as Nitrate (NO3)

Nitrogen (N)

% as Ammonium (NH4)

Nitrogen (N)

% as Urea (NH2)

Nitrogen Total (N)

Phosphorus (P)

% as P2O5

Potassium (K)

% as K2O

Magnesium (Mg)

%

Sulfur (S)

%

Calcium (Ca)

%

Iron (Fe)

%

Boron (B)

%

Manganese (Mn)

%

Zinc (Zn)

%

Molybdenum (Mo)

%

Sodium (Na)

%

Copper (Cu)

%

Chlorine Cl

%

Cobalt Co

%

Silicon (Si)

%

Selenium (Se)

%

Liquid Weight (grams/ml)
When no weight information is available for liquid fertilizers
the nutrient profile can be understated by as much as 25%.

This ppm or that ppm
If you've tried to reconcile the elemental parts per million (ppm) shown in the nutrient profiles with metered TDS ppm
figures, you're probably pulling your hair out by now. In order to avoid confusing the two, it's important to distinguish
between their contexts when the term ppm is being used. For more details about TDS/EC metering and how it relates
to GH Flora nutrient profiles, see this Cal-O-Rama article (Cal is for calibration).