8 doubling the number of beamlines while still pushing the emittance down Modified 4BA - 320 pm4BA with an additional short straight section between the dipole pairs emittance not pushed as for a pure 4BA but can double the number of straight sections Length of additional straight sections forced to be at least 3 m while keeping the remaining 6.7 m and 9 m straight sectionsRiccardo Bartolini

15 Front End Test Stand (FETS)FETS at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory aims to demonstrate key technologies for the front end of the next generation of high power pulsed proton accelerators.John Thomason

20 Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE)MICE on ISIS will commission and operate a realistic section of cooling channel.Measure its performance in a variety of modes of operation and beam conditions.Results will allow future Neutrino Factory complex to be optimised.Slow down muons in a light absorber, then re-accelerate in beam direction using RF cavities.All of which are immersed in a magnetic channel to confine the muon beam.John Thomason

28 Cryomodule Status Installed into ALICE in early 2013RF & beam commissioning delayed by cryoplant problems – unrelated to cryomodule!RF Conditioning started 14th NovBoth cavities have exceeded 10 MV/m, no surprises so far, field emission lowSo far, so good

29 ALICE THz ExploitationTissue Culture FacilityCSR generated in THz Region as bunch length ~1 ps.Output enhanced by many orders of magnitude.Dedicated tissue culture laboratory.Effect of THz on living cells being studied.Source has very high peak intensities but very low average power:no thermal effects!IR/THz from ALICEPeter McIntosh/Peter Weightman

30 Peter McIntosh/Peter WeightmanFEL ExploitationCancerous TissueOesophageal cancer is the fastest rising cancer in the western world.Surgery is the only curative treatment but survival rates are poor because of late diagnosis.Challenge is to identify patients with oesophageal cancer much earlier.Detection Signature:Cancer cells surrounded by stroma made up of various (non-cancer) cell types and ExtraCellular Matrix (ECM) proteins.Increase in number and change of morphology and architecture, relates to the function of the cancerous DNA molecules.Non-Cancerous TissueScanning Near Field Optical Microscope (SNOM) is ideal probeResolution:Synchrotron (diffraction limited) μmALICE Free Electron Laser (FEL) 0.1 μmKey is intensity and stability of the IR source.ALICE will now be dedicated to cancer studies for 4 months per year

34 VELA Exploitation First Industrial Users on VELA (Sep 2013):Rapiscan Systems (UK) and UCL spent 2 weeks exploiting VELA’s ultra-short pulse properties to demonstrate a new time-of-flight imaging technique.This 3-year collaborative programme with STFC will potentially enable the next generation of cargo screening equipment.Academic Users are also encouraged:JAI will test new cavity BPMs in 2014York/Swansea/UCL will carry out first electron diffraction commissioning in 2014CI/Strathclyde proposing plasma acceleration experiments (new laser room with existing TW laser should be available Feb 2014)Test of DLS 1 kHz RF photoinjector in 2014New flexible end station for rapid turnaround of experiments being designed now (enabling tests of dielectric structures, manipulation of phase space by THz, photonic structures, …)

35 CLARA (Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and Applications)Free Electron LasersUltra high peak intensityVery short pulses of lightTuneableBasic FEL unstable in intensity and wavelengthImmature as a technology, plenty of scope for improvementFortunately lots of ideas exist for improving FEL stability (wavelength and intensity) and to make even shorter pulses of light but very few have been tested

36 The CLARA ConceptThere are many ways FELs can be improved, but limited scope with existing facilitiesUK Scientists need FELs and we want to develop next generation FEL technology towards a possible UK facilityCLARA Compact Linear Accelerator for Research and ApplicationsAn upgrade of the existing VELA Photoinjector Facility at Daresbury Laboratory to a Free-Electron Laser Test FacilityProof-of-principle demonstrations of novel FEL conceptsEmphasis is ULTRA-SHORT PULSE GENERATIONNeil Thompson

38 Example SchemesHere are two recent novel ideas, proposed by ASTeC and Strathclyde, which could be demonstrated in proof-of-principle experiments on CLARAMode-Locked Afterburner A compact extension to an existing free-electron laser, which in the X-ray would produce Gigawatt pulses of only 700 zeptosecond duration, leapfrogging current demonstrated techniques by orders of magnitudeHigh-Brightness SASE A way of ‘slowing down’ the electron bunch in the free-electron laser to generate single wavelength X-ray pulses, without the need for a laser seed or any opticsNeil Thompson