-حسینپیرنجم‌الدینauthortextarticle2007perThis paper aims at surveying the main theme and the significance of Plenty (1978) by David Hare, contemporary British playwright. It is shown that in this play, a personal narrative in a historical context, the rebellious spirit of the protagonist is representative of the radicalism and idealism of the 1960s. The disillusionment of the heroine (who symbolizes idealism) in post-World War II Britain is a scathing satire on a society in decline, a wasteland in which idealism has no chance to grow. The writer tries to highlight the significance of Plenty as a paradigmatic play in the works of David Hare and in British drama after World War II. It is argued that this work is important in that it marks a turning point in the works of a writer whose trajectory of concerns (from radical towards a more liberal and conservative position) and career (from 'fringe" to "mainstream" theater) typifies one of the dominant patterns in the trends of British drama since World War II.Research in Contemporary World Literatureدانشگاه تهران2588-413112

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2007https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19119_b3230bdf35b1eef1276c536e4b81ee3c.pdf-نادرجهانگیریauthorعلی‌افخمی‌authorفهیمه‌کوچک‌‌زاده‌authortextarticle2007perAccording to Basil Bernstein theory the result of this research is about the effects of stratification of the social class on the development of lexicons and structures of written language in Mashhad girl’s primary educational schools. Bernstein theory (1975) who surveys the effects of social class differences on the use of grammatical categories is implied about: numbered used in lexicons, nouns, nominal groups, personal pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositions in order to answer the research questions. Based on statistical conclusions of the frequency of occurrence in these grammatical categories within the writing of the upper middle class relative to lower class are more visible. This finding shows that upper class students are more knowledgeable and skillful, compared to lower class students. Reasons for such skillfulness are due to reading more books, magazines and news papers. The main outcome of this research is the structural differences of the social class in the society can be an important factor in causing two different speech codes. At the end social class differences can effect the proficiency of the language which primary students use.Research in Contemporary World Literatureدانشگاه تهران2588-413112

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2007https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19120_eaaf027c9b43cadae5535a8c2321cd6d.pdf-امیرحسینیauthortextarticle2007perMood is one of the grammatical categories of verb, which has been generally used by Persian and Russian linguists in the sense of declarative, imperative and potential. The language elements are different in representing these concepts in Persian and Russian language. The potential mood is referred as an unreal case in both languages and the possibility of its occurrence is both in past and future tense. To express it, not only verbs but other language elements are also influential. The purpose of this research is to compare the language element for expressing the Potential mood and also to evaluate the syntactic structure, used in Russian and Persian language, and finally to find language distinctions and similarities. Since, in Persian language there are many grammatical elements to express the potential mood, the grammatical meanings of Tense, Person, and Number is accurately defined in the verb of the supposed sentence in Persian. While there are no necessary grammatical elements in the potential mood of Russian verbs, the mentioned meanings are not available in Russian language.Research in Contemporary World Literatureدانشگاه تهران2588-413112

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2007https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19121_542e22f078b6edf8fce47e71a5b7fc0c.pdf-ایلمیرادادورauthorسمانه رودبارمحمدیauthortextarticle2007perTales, which have been narrated orally among generations, represent ideologies, executive systems, and basis of social system that have changed through the passage of languages, time, continents, and different cultures. Gathering tales from different regions and nations with different customs, indicates similarities; not only are they exactly the same in basis, but also in all of them uniformity of elements. These similarities mostly return to the nations whose vernacular language belongs to the Indo-European group of languages and all of them were initiated from a common point. A journey through time and place, seeking for meanings through a structural point of view, developed in the twenty century in the filed of humanities, this is also the aim of this article. For this reason Propp’s method, the first researcher in this field will be carried out on some typical tales to see whether the Iranian tales can also be studied by this method, or not.Research in Contemporary World Literatureدانشگاه تهران2588-413112

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2007https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19122_7c5d73dc73c674ea326dac43156fd871.pdf-سیدحسنزهراییauthortextarticle2007perDifferent levels of hierarchical system are formed by linguistic units of Russian language. These levels are: “Phoneme”, “Morpheme”, “Word” and “Speech”. The main issues of Morphological and Syntactical studies are “word” and “speech”. In Russian Linguistics, both mentioned topics are called “Grammar”. Studying the scientific works and research developments in Russian Morphology since Lomonosov, four eras of Russian Morphological studies can be distinguished. The most important specification of morphological studies in these four eras is a focus on form and meaning.Research in Contemporary World Literatureدانشگاه تهران2588-413112

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2007https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19123_621704c053fd1710f02890098732a9e5.pdf-راضیهشیخ‌الاسلامیauthorمحمدخیرauthortextarticle2007perThe aim of this study was to examine the relationships of amotivation, extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation with the English learning as a foreign language. 199 students at Shiraz University were selected by cluster sampling. The Language Learning Orientations Scale (LLOS) was used in order to measure amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation (as predictive variables). Sum of the scores in the mid term and final General English exams employed as an index of English learning (as criterion variable). Multiple regression analysis revealed that learning English predicted by scores of amotivation subscale. The scores of extrinsic and intrinsic motivations did not show any significant relationship with English learning.Research in Contemporary World Literatureدانشگاه تهران2588-413112

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2007https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19124_f88cf1e881b3bdfd13cda5918674b9d0.pdf-غریب‌رضاغلامحسین‌زادهauthortextarticle2007perRegarding the fact that qualitatively and quantitatively vast and long-lasting studies and research have been carried out on H?fez and his poetry, suggests that H?fez's poetry basically possesses a Kind of quality and characteristic which can be read and interpreted from a variety of angles. What is more, each one of the studies and applied approaches of H?fez's poetry was in itself enlightening and brought about a Kind of appreciation and interpretation to the readers. Similarly, the present article is an attempt in the field of modern literary theory, in the light of Mikhail Bakhtin's Dialogism, to shed light on another aspect of H?fez's poetry, giving a new interpretation, leading the reader to an artistic and aesthetic enjoyment and eventually putting him in dialogue with H?fez. Therefore, the whole work is dialogic-oriented and its dialogicality lies between the theory and practice, between H?fez's poetry and a modern critical approach.Research in Contemporary World Literatureدانشگاه تهران2588-413112

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2007https://jor.ut.ac.ir/article_19125_d05ce005ad1e821e7896d6abdef760de.pdf-جان‌اله کریمیمطهرauthortextarticle2007perAnton Chekhov, one of the most prominent writers of 19thcentury Russia, has depicted the daily lives of ordinary people unlike his contempories, Dosteovsky and Leo Tolstoy who usually depict the superman of their society. Incidents and heroes of Chekhov's works are life-like and realistic. There is such an immense closeness between his works and life that when we read Chekhov we literally feel and observe the themes depicted by him. His education in a medical college and the influence of Professor Zakharin, a prominent medical professor had an enormous impact upon him thereby shaping his views. This is also a reason why medical doctors have a pivotal role in his works. Chekhov has successfully depicted personalities of doctors from different dimensions with an acute psychological insight. In the present article, along with a probe into the characters of Chekhov, attempt has been made to show the manner in which he was influenced by Zakharin in medical knowledge. Like his mentor, he abstained from offering general prescriptions for all ailments and strongly believed that in certain cases, a general law and model has no dispensable quality.Research in Contemporary World Literatureدانشگاه تهران2588-413112