Homework Help with Thomson Effect

Thomson Effect

In Thomson effect we deal with only metallic rod and not with thermocouple as in Peltier effect and Seebeck effect. (That’s why sometimes it is known as homogeneous thermo electric effect. When a current flows through an unequally heated metal, there is an absorption or evolution of heat in the body of the metal. This is Thomson effect.

(i) Positive Thomson effect : In positive Thomson effect it is found that hot end is at high potential and cold end is at low potential. Heat is evolved when current is passed from hotter end to the colder end and heat is absorbed when current is passed from colder end to hotter end. The metals which shows positive Thomson’s effect are Cu, Sn, Ag, Cd, Zn… etc.

(ii) Negative Thomson effect : In the elements which show negative Thomson effect, it is found that the hot end is at low potential and the cold end is at higher potential. Heat is evolved when current is passed from colder end to the hotter end and heat is absorbed when current flows from hotter end to colder end. The metals which show negative, Thomson’s effect are Fe, Co, Bi, Pt, Hg… etc.

Thomson coefficient

In Thomson effect it is found that heat released or absorbed is proportional to QΔθ i.e. H ∝ QΔθ ⇒ H = σQΔθ where s = Thomson coefficient. It’s unit is Joule/coulomb°C or volt/°C and Δθ = temperature difference.

If Q = 1 and Δθ = 1 then σ = H so the amount of heat energy absorbed or evolved per second between two points of a conductor having a unit temperature difference, when a unit current is passed is known as Thomson coefficient for the material of a conductor.

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