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About a year ago, Sherman, a 13-year-old Pomeranian often mistaken for a teddy bear, had a stroke. The right side of his body went slack, and he couldn’t hear or move his tongue. His owners, Paola Anderson and Sarah Godfrey, had to feed him by hand and carry him outside. We took him to many different pet checkers and ultimately ended up taking him to a vet.

After spending several weeks and thousands of dollars on veterinarians and tests, they discovered the culprit: a tumor in an adrenal gland. Vets said Sherman probably had less than a month to live unless he had a tricky surgery. But Anderson and Godfrey didn’t want to put him through that. Even before the stroke he was a sick dog — with ligament problems, a collapsing trachea, and chronic bronchitis.

They asked a local herbalist who had treated them for years for advice. “He said, whatever you need to do to put your dog on rapamycin, do it,” Anderson told BuzzFeed News.

They had never heard of rapamycin, and started reading everything they could find about this supposed wonder pill. Turns out it’s an old drug, first isolated in the 1970s from dirt samples collected on Easter Island. In large doses, it can be a dangerous drug: Today, it’s usually prescribed to suppress a person’s immune system during an organ transplant.

Most exciting for Anderson and Godfrey, scientists in Seattle had just launched a study to see if rapamycin would also extend the life of older dogs. Sherman couldn’t get into the study because he wasn’t a healthy dog. But he could still try rapamycin — if they could find a vet willing to prescribe it.

On Friday night, comedian Bill Maher had a controversial guest on his show: Samir Chachoua, an Australian doctor who practices in Mexico. Earlier this month, Charlie Sheen went on The Dr. Oz Show and described going to Mexico to get Chachoua’s unproven HIV treatment, injections he developed after studying the milk of goats with arthritis.

Doctors and HIV/AIDS experts are shocked that Maher would promote such adubious medical treatment to his HBO show’s audience of 4 million people.

“I was absolutely flabbergasted,” Mark Harrington, executive director of Treatment Action Group, a New York-based HIV advocacy organization, told BuzzFeed News. “To promote a quack on his show as someone who could even diagnose symptoms of HIV, it’s very irresponsible and can only be described as tabloid journalism at its worst.”

“This kind of high profile pumping of alternative medicine stories linked to celebrities can harm other people by persuading them to do damaging things that affect their health,” John Moore, a professor of microbiology and immunology at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York, told BuzzFeed News.

“This is a classic example of false hope syndrome,” Moore added. “People are persuaded to do wacky stuff that stops them from doing the right stuff.”

Maher’s representative did not respond to a request for comment.

Chachoua did not respond to a request for comment, but he posted a long response to Oz and Sheen on his website, in which he stands by his claims. He also alleged there that Sheen initially came to him to “make his law suits go away by offering a treatment to people that he may have infected.”

Sheen’s manager, Mark Burg, vehemently denies this claim.

“None of it is true, sad what some people will do to make money,” Burg told BuzzFeed News by email. “Charlie will respond when he next does the Dr. Oz show on Feb 9.”

Chinese scientists have inserted a gene in monkeys that causes an extremely rare autism syndrome in people.

The mutant monkeys show unusual features in their first few years of life, including anxiety, abnormal social interactions, and running in circles around their cages, as described on Monday in the journal Nature.

The monkeys took six years to develop, and their care costs up to 50 times more than laboratory mice, the scientists said. Experiments on monkeys are also more ethically fraught.

But researchers are increasingly disillusioned with mouse models of brain disorders. The vast majority of studies of experimental drugs are done on rodents, and about 90% of those drugs fail when actually tested in people. (Just this month, pharma giant Novartis reported the failure of two clinical trials of a touted autism drug that had reversed symptoms in mouse models.)

“We think this non-human primate is absolutely required, in the long run, for our development of therapies and drugs for human psychiatric and neurological disease,” Mu-ming Poo, director of the Institute of Neuroscience at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai, where the new monkey work was carried out, said at a press briefing. “There seems no other choice.”

Brazil’s Health Ministry on Wednesday reported that 4,180 suspected cases of the Zika virus — which can cause a rare brain defect in newborns — had been recorded as of this past week, but that just 270 of those had been confirmed. The mosquito-borne virus had been ruled out in another 462 cases involving the brain damage, officials said.

Since October, 68 deaths have been reported due to congenital malformations after (stillbirth) or during pregnancy (miscarriage), the ministry reported. Of those, 12 were confirmed to the relationship with congenital infection, all in the Northeast — 10 in Rio Grande do Norte, 1 in Ceará, and 1 in Piauí.

The numbers come one day after the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Tuesday said pregnant women should postpone travel to two more regions in South and Central America because of the risk of contracting the Zika virus, raising the total number of regions on the warning list to 24.

Nearly two-thirds of new HIV infections in gay and bisexual men in the Netherlands could be prevented with antiretroviral treatment, according to a study published on Wednesday.

This treatment — also known as known as pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP — is not widely available in Europe. It’s not clear whether it would lead to a similar drop in infections in the U.S., where a growing number of gay and bisexual men are already getting PrEP as Truvada, the once-a-day blue pill.

Still, the researchers say that the new study adds to other research showing thepublic health benefits of PrEP, especially when combined with frequent HIV testing.

“I hope that this study contributes to making the case for making PrEP available to as many individuals as possible,” Oliver Ratmann, an epidemiologist at Imperial College London and leader of the new study, told BuzzFeed News.

Over the last couple of decades, as DNA testing has freed hundreds of Americans who were wrongfully convicted of murder and sex crimes, eyewitnesses have gotten a bad rap — and rightly so. Their misidentifications played a role in more than 70% of the 336 wrongful convictions that have been overturned with DNA evidence since 1989.

But the problems surrounding eyewitness memory have more to do with police procedures than the witnesses themselves. According to a study out this week, a large proportion of misidentifications could be avoided if police investigators paid attention to one key factor: how confident witnesses say they are at the time of initial identification.

“A high-confidence initial identification is surprisingly strong evidence,” John Wixted, a psychology professor at the University of California, San Diego, and lead author of the new study, told BuzzFeed News. “And if you ignore that, you’re also going to increase the odds that a guilty person is going to go free.”

The news that famous astronomer Geoff Marcy sexually harassed students over many years has sent shock waves through his field.

On Wednesday, Marcy’s employer, the University of California, Berkeley, confirmed that he had resigned from his position, after BuzzFeed News reported that he had violated the school’s sexual harassment policies in several cases between 2001 and 2010.

Marcy is leaving behind a storied career and public persona, not to mention nearly $900,000 in federal grants, $100 million in a private research effort to find “civilizations beyond Earth,” and two graduate students.

Marcy studied exoplanets, the planets that orbit stars outside of our own system. More than 1,000 have been discovered in the past few years, and a few could, just maybe, harbor life. Once considered fringe, the exoplanet field is now frequently touted as a contender for a Nobel prize. And Marcy was a leading figure in that transformation.

One of Marcy’s former collaborators, Gregory Laughlin of the University of California, Santa Cruz, told BuzzFeed News that he was devastated by the news — and especially concerned about the young women Marcy harassed.

“It’s something that really, really shakes everybody to the core,” Laughlin said. “It’s the matter of the greatest urgency to make the right choices going forward and not just cover up what’s happened.”

Researchers have developed an algorithm that they say can crudely predict homosexuality in men based on certain chemical tags in their DNA.

These controversial results, which have not yet been published in a scientific journal, will be presented Thursday afternoon at a genetics conference in Baltimore.

By analyzing five “epigenetic” tags — chemicals that latch onto DNA and help turn genes on or off — the algorithm can reportedly predict a man’s sexual orientation with 67% accuracy, according to Tuck Ngun, who led the work as a postdoctoral fellow at UCLA.

Several experts who were not involved in the research told BuzzFeed News that they were skeptical of the veracity of these results, particularly because the study was based on a relatively small sample of men.

Three scientists who developed treatments against parasites have won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Their discoveries “have provided humankind with powerful new means to combat these debilitating diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually. The consequences in terms of improved human health and reduced suffering are immeasurable,” said the Swedish committee on Monday when announcing the award, which is worth about 8 million Swedish kronor (about $1 million) and will be split among the three recipients.

Half will go to William C. Campbell of Drew University in New Jersey and Satoshi Ōmura of Kitasato University in Japan, for the development of the drug avermectin, which treats river blindness, lymphatic filariasis, and other roundworm parasite infections.

The other half goes to Youyou Tu of the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, who discovered artemisinin, a drug against the malaria parasite that has saved many lives over the last decade.