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Global Food Policy Report 2018

IFPRI's flagship report reviews the major food policy issues, developments, and decisions of 2017, and highlights challenges and opportunities for 2018 at the global and regional levels. This year's report looks at the impacts of greater global integration—including the movement of goods, investment, people, and knowledge—and the threat of current antiglobalization pressures. Drawing on recent research, IFPRI researchers and other distinguished food policy experts consider a range of timely topics:

■ How can the global food system deliver food security for all in the face of the radical changes taking place today?
■ What is the role of trade in improving food security, nutrition, and sustainability?
■ How can international investment best contribute to local food security and better food systems in developing countries?
■ Do voluntary and involuntary migration increase or decrease food security in source countries and host countries?
■ What opportunities does greater data availability open up for improving agriculture and food security?
■ How does reform of developed-country farm support policies affect global food security?
■ How can global governance structures better address problems of food security and nutrition?
■ What major trends and events affected food security and nutrition across the globe in 2017?

The 2018 Global Food Policy Report also presents data tables and visualizations for several key food policy indicators, including country-level data on hunger, agricultural spending and research investment, and projections for future agricultural production and consumption. In addition to illustrative figures, tables, and a timeline of food policy events in 2017, the report includes the results of a global opinion poll on globalization and the current state of food policy.

13.
 Improve seasonal migration mechanisms to help farmers find
alternative work within countries during lean season
 Reduce international migration costs at the source and
support participation of the poor in legal migrant work programs
 Develop innovative financial products to facilitate migration,
especially for the poor
 Intensify technology use and improve services before and
during crises
Migration
Key recommendations
Source: De Brauw and Ambler 2018

14.
 Accessible data are critical for decision making, from the
farm to the retail level of food systems
 Open data increase both visibility and utility of research
 Open data can push governments toward increased
accountability and support evidence-based policy decisions
 Data quality and ease of use are essential for successful
open data use
 Inequality in access to knowledge is increasing
Knowledge and data
Open access data for food and
nutrition security
Source: Yerramareddy and Babu 2018

16.
 Increase the efficiency of knowledge transfers to prevent
information loss and ensure uptake in the field
 Make government “big data” public to drive high-quality
analysis of food systems and better policy and decision making
 Build open data initiatives to reduce inequality and address
issues of data quality, use, storage, and dissemination
 Empower citizen stakeholders to demand open data through
capacity building and access to data tools
Knowledge and data
Key recommendations
Source: Yerramareddy and Babu 2018

18.
Developed country policies
Trends in OECD support programs
Source: Glauber 2018

19.
 Further reduce agricultural distortions in global markets
• Allows developing-country producers to improve incomes
• Reduces rural poverty and malnutrition
 Avoid adopting agricultural subsidy policies, given how
difficult it is to remove them
 Pursue reforms of domestic farm support even in the absence
of multicountry agreements, as these reforms have multiple
benefits
Developed country policies
Key recommendations
Source: Glauber 2018

20.
 Policy and governance in food security and nutrition are
increasingly complex
 Inadequate responses to food crises reveal need for nations to
strengthen global planning and coordination of policy
 Global governance can provide and protect international public
goods
 Formal institutions, less formal networks, and food and
agriculture corporations all have roles to play in governance
of food security and nutrition
Global institutions
Governance reform for food, nutrition,
and agriculture
Source: Von Braun 2018

25.
Regional developments: Middle East and North Africa
A tale of two MENAs (1)
Source: Breisinger, Abdelaziz, and Khouri 2018
 Food security and incomes continued to deteriorate, especially for countries in
conflict
 Well-managed globalization is critical for the region with high food import and
mineral resource export dependency
 Macroeconomic policy reforms expected to improve economic growth, employment,
and food security
• Expanding social protection schemes to protect the poor from short-term negative effects of
reforms
 Looking forward
• Urgency in addressing the needs of people under conflict and post-conflict reconstruction
• Well-designed policy changes in countries not affected by conflicts can help reap
the benefits of globalization

26.
Regional developments: Middle East and North Africa
A tale of two MENAs (2)
Source: Breisinger, Abdelaziz, and Khouri 2018

35.
Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators
Many African
countries are
overlooking
research in favor of
spending on other
agricultural areas
SPENDING IN AGRICULTURE & AGRICULTURAL RESESARCH IN AFRICA

36.
Statistics on Public Expenditures for
Economic Development
Trends in agricultural public expenditures and share of
agricultural spending diverge across regions

41.
Agricultural Total Factor Productivity
China, Brazil, and
India are the
drivers of TFP
growth

42.
International Model for Policy Analysis of
Agricultural Commodities and Trade
Sources of growth are projected to
vary for food and feed crops
Increased investment can reduce hunger,
despite setbacks due to climate change

43.
Global integration of national food
systems will be key to progress,
but will require robust evidence, good
governance, and strong commitment
from the international community

44.
For the Global Food Policy Report and
more information, please visit:
http://gfpr.ifpri.info/