In the last week, two Palestinians have been sentenced to prison terms for online libel and slander of politicians. Meanwhile, an arrest order has been issued for a popular Egyptian satirist, raising fears of a crackdown on freedom in the region.

The Magistrate's Court in Salfit, West Bank, sentenced a
29-year-old Anas Ismail to 6 months in jail, on charges of
"libel and slander against former communications minister"
as he was found guilty of “Liking” hostile messages towards
the politician on Facebook.

One of the posts demanded the dismissal of the politician and
another phrase demanded accountability from the minister.

According to Ismail, "Preventive Security locked me up for 17
days, on charges of libel and slander, and last Thursday I was
sentenced in absentia by the Court of Salfit to six months in
prison,” quotes Alresalah publication.

Ismail, who works in computer programming and is active in social
media said "I was summoned 10 times in the past six months
over my activity on social networking pages."

Also on Thursday, a court in Bethlehem sentenced a journalist to a
one-year term for publishing a photo on Facebook comparing
President Mahmoud Abbas to a traitor.

Mamdouh Hamamreh, a reporter for the Hamas-linked Al-Quds TV, was
accused of photoshopping a picture in 2010 showing Abbas next
to a villain in a popular TV drama about French colonial rule in
the Levant, with a photo caption reading: “They’re
alike.”

Hamamreh was found guilty of insulting the president and,
"spreading seeds of hatred" and "publishing false
information."

The next day, Abbas pardoned the journalist saying his office
never filed a complaint against Hamamreh.

Crackdown
trend

There are signs of increased surveillance and repression on
social networks across the Middle East.

In February, a Palestinian court in Nablus sentenced 26-year-old
university student Anas Awwad, to one year in prison for posting a
picture of Abbas as a Real Madrid player. Awwad, too, was later
pardoned by Abbas.

A Kuwaiti opposition youth activist was given the maximum
sentence of five years in prison in February for insulting the
'inviolable' emir on Twitter.

A month earlier, a Kuwaiti court sentenced youth activist, Ayyad
al-Harbi, for allegedly defaming the country’s ruling emir on
Twitter, while a day earlier another offending tweeter, Rashid
Saleh al-Anzi, was also sentenced to two years behind bars for an
incendiary tweet that allegedly "stabbed the rights and powers
of the emir.”

Meanwhile, the Saudi Arabian Communications and Information
Technology Commission (CITC) is looking at the possibility of
forcing social network users to reveal their true identities. And,
late last year, lawmakers in the Arab Emirates introduced jail
terms for all those who incite public protests and insult the state
and its rulers online.

Egypt, which has been at the frontline of the Arab Spring has
also seen a wider crackdown on online opinions it finds
distasteful, particularly those targeting the ruling Muslim
Bortherhood.

On Saturday, Egyptian state prosecutors ordered the arrest of a
popular television satirist for allegedly insulting Islam and the
country's leader President Mohamed Morsi.

Complaints were filed by 12 people following Bassem Youssef's
remarks on March 1 in which he mocked the president's February
interview with TV anchor Amr El-Leithy.

The host of the weekly comedy show 'El-Bernameg,' which is
broadcast on a private satellite channel, spent five hours at the
public prosecutor's office on Sunday before he was released on
bail. He was ordered to pay around $2,200 in fines.

Bassem Youssef's arrest warrant came on the heels of the
detention of five prominent pro-democracy activists.

Last summer, Egyptian authorities arrested a minority Coptic
Christian teacher for allegedly posting cartoons on Facebook that
insulted Islam - charges that are becoming a common theme in a
country ruled by an Islamic government.