Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the UK, accounting for 124,000 deaths (2006) and costing the UK economy over £7.9 billion a year. Patients with severe CHD are usually treated by coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, the risks of which are increasing due to older and sicker patients being operated on. New treatment strategies are therefore required to improve health outcomes in these high-risk patients undergoing CABG with or without valve (CABG±valve) surgery.

The hypothesis tested in this research proposal is that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIC), a virtually cost-free, non-pharmacological and simple non-invasive strategy for reducing the damage to the heart muscle at the time of surgery, improves health outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing CABG±valve surgery.

In this research project, 1610 high-risk patients undergoing CABG±valve surgery will be recruited via 28 UK hospitals performing heart surgery. Patients will be randomly allocated to receive either RIC or control. For RIC, a blood pressure cuff will be placed on the upper arm to temporarily deprive it of oxygen and nutrients, an intervention which has been shown in the investigators pilot studies to reduce damage to the heart muscle by up to 40% during CABG±valve surgery. The investigators will determine whether RIC can improve health outcomes in terms of better patient survival, less heart attacks and strokes, shorter hospital stay; less damage to the heart, kidney and brain during surgery; better heart function post-surgery and less chance of developing heart failure; better exercise tolerance and quality of life.

Control treatment (sham RIC) will consist of four 5-minute simulated inflations of a blood pressure cuff placed on the upper arm. The inflations will be separated by 5-minute periods when the blood pressure cuff will be deflated.

Procedure: Control

Control treatment (sham RIC) will consist of four 5-minute simulated inflations of a blood pressure cuff placed on the upper arm. The inflations will be separated by 5-minute periods when the blood pressure cuff will be deflated.

Active Comparator: Remote ischaemic conditioning

Blood pressure cuff placed on upper arm and inflated to 200mmHg for 5 minutes then deflated for 5 minutes - this cycle is repeated a total of 4 times.

Procedure: Remote ischaemic preconditioning

Blood pressure cuff placed on upper arm and inflated to 200mmHg for 5 minutes then deflated for 5 minutes - this cycle is repeated a total of 4 times.

Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years and older

Genders Eligible for Study:

Both

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients undergoing CABG with or without valve surgery using blood cardioplegia

Patients aged 18 years and above

Patients with an additive Euroscore greater than or equal to 5

Exclusion Criteria:

Cardiogenic shock

Cardiac arrest on current admission

Pregnancy

Significant peripheral arterial disease affecting the upper limbs

Patients with significant hepatic dysfunction (Prothrombin>2.0 ratio)

Patients with significant pulmonary disease (FEV1<40% predicted)

Patients with known renal failure with a GFR<30 mL/min/1.73 m2

Patients on glibenclamide or nicorandil, as these medications may interfere with RIC

Patients recruited into another study which may impact on the ERICCA study

Contacts and Locations

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Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01247545