Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American
singer-songwriter. One of the leading contemporary recording artists,
she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have
received widespread media coverage.
Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee
at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music. She signed with
the label
Big Machine RecordsBig Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever
signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. Her 2006 self-titled
debut album peaked at number five on the
Billboard 200Billboard 200 and spent the
most weeks on the chart in the 2000s. The album's third single, "Our
Song", made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and
perform a number-one song on the
Hot Country Songs chart. Swift's
second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. Buoyed by the success of
pop crossover singles "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me", Fearless
became the best-selling album of 2009 in the United States. The album
won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the
Year winner.
Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, Speak Now. It debuted at
number one in the United States and the single "Mean" won two Grammy
Awards. Her fourth album, Red (2012), yielded the successful singles
"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" and "I Knew You Were
Trouble". With her fifth album, the pop-focused 1989 (2014), she
became the first act to have three albums sell 1 million copies within
one week in the United States. Its singles "Shake It Off", "Blank
Space", and "Bad Blood" reached number one in the US, Australia, and
Canada. The album received three Grammy Awards, and Swift became the
first woman and fifth act overall to win Album of the Year twice. The
2015 concert tour for 1989 became one of the highest-grossing of the
decade. Swift's sixth album, Reputation (2017) and its lead single
"Look What You Made Me Do" topped the UK and US charts.
As a songwriter, Swift has received awards from the Nashville
Songwriters Association and the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and was
included in
Rolling Stone's 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time in
2015. She is also the recipient of 10 Grammy Awards, five Guinness
World Records, one Emmy, 21 Billboard Music Awards, and 12 Country
Music Association Awards. Swift is one of the best-selling music
artists of all time, having sold more than 40 million
albums—including 27.8 million in the US—and 130 million
single downloads. She has appeared in Time's 100 most influential
people in the world (2010 and 2015), Forbes' top-earning women in
music (2011–2015), Forbes' 100 most powerful women (2015), and
ForbesForbes Celebrity 100 (2016). Her inclusion in the third of these made
her the youngest woman on the list, and she ranked first in Celebrity
100.

Life and career
1989–2003: Early life
Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989, in Reading,
Pennsylvania.[1] Her father, Scott Kingsley Swift, was a financial
advisor, and her mother, Andrea Gardner Swift (née Finlay), was a
homemaker who had previously worked as a mutual fund marketing
executive.[2] Swift has a younger brother named Austin.[3] The singer
spent the early years of her life on a Christmas tree farm.[4] She
attended preschool and kindergarten at the Alvernia
MontessoriMontessori School,
run by Franciscan nuns,[5] before transferring to The Wyndcroft
School.[6] The family then moved to a rented house in the suburban
town of Wyomissing, Pennsylvania,[7] where she attended Wyomissing
Area Junior/Senior High School.[8]
At the age of nine, Swift became interested in musical theater and
performed in four Berks Youth Theatre Academy productions.[9] She also
traveled regularly to New York City for vocal and acting lessons.[10]
Swift later shifted her focus toward country music inspired by Shania
Twain's songs, which made her "want to just run around the block four
times and daydream about everything".[11] She spent her weekends
performing at local festivals and events.[12][13] After watching a
documentary about Faith Hill, Swift felt sure that she needed to go to
Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue a music career.[14] At the age of
eleven, she traveled with her mother to visit Nashville record labels
and submitted a demo tape of
Dolly PartonDolly Parton and
Dixie ChicksDixie Chicks karaoke
covers.[15] However, she was rejected since "everyone in that town
wanted to do what I wanted to do. So, I kept thinking to myself, I
need to figure out a way to be different".[16]
When Swift was about 12 years old, computer repairman and local
musician Ronnie Cremer taught her how to play guitar and helped with
her first efforts as a songwriter, leading to her writing "Lucky
You".[17][18] In 2003, Swift and her parents started working with New
York-based music manager Dan Dymtrow. With his help, Swift modelled
for Abercrombie & Fitch as part of their "Rising Stars" campaign,
had an original song included on a
MaybellineMaybelline compilation CD, and
attended meetings with major record labels.[19] After performing
original songs at an
RCA RecordsRCA Records showcase, Swift was given an artist
development deal and began making frequent trips to Nashville with her
mother.[20][21]
To help Swift break into country music, her father transferred to the
Nashville office of
Merrill LynchMerrill Lynch when she was 14, and the family
relocated to a lakefront house in Hendersonville, Tennessee.[22][23]
Swift attended public high school,[24] but after two years transferred
to the Aaron Academy, which through homeschooling could accommodate
her touring schedule, and she graduated a year early.[25]
2004–2008: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift
In Nashville, Swift worked with experienced Music Row songwriters such
as Troy Verges, Brett Beavers, Brett James, Mac McAnally, and The
Warren Brothers.[26][27] She eventually formed a lasting working
relationship with Liz Rose.[28] They began meeting for two-hour
writing sessions every Tuesday afternoon after school.[29] Rose
thought that the sessions were "some of the easiest I've ever done.
Basically, I was just her editor. She'd write about what happened in
school that day. She had such a clear vision of what she was trying to
say. And she'd come in with the most incredible hooks". Swift was
signed by the Sony/ATV Tree publishing house,[30] but left RCA Records
when she was 14.[13] She later recalled: "I genuinely felt that I was
running out of time. I wanted to capture these years of my life on an
album while they still represented what I was going through".[31]

Swift was at an industry showcase at Nashville's
Bluebird CafeBluebird Cafe in 2005
when she caught the attention of Scott Borchetta, a DreamWorks Records
executive who was preparing to form his own independent record label,
Big Machine Records. She had met Borchetta in 2004.[32] She became one
of the first signings, and her father purchased a three percent stake
in the fledgling company at an estimated cost of $120,000.[33][34] The
singer began working on her eponymous debut album shortly after
signing the record deal. She persuaded Big Machine to hire her demo
producer Nathan Chapman, with whom she felt she had the right
"chemistry".[13] Swift wrote three of the album's songs alone, and
co-wrote the remaining eight with writers Rose, Robert Ellis Orrall,
Brian Maher, and Angelo Petraglia.[35]
Taylor SwiftTaylor Swift was released on
October 24, 2006.[36] Jon Caramanica of
The New York TimesThe New York Times described
it as "a small masterpiece of pop-minded country, both wide-eyed and
cynical, held together by Ms. Swift's firm, pleading voice".[37]
Taylor SwiftTaylor Swift peaked at number five on the
Billboard 200Billboard 200 and spent 157
weeks on the chart, marking the longest stay by any release in the
2000s.[38] As of August 2016 the album has sold over 7.75 million
copies worldwide.[39]
Big Machine RecordsBig Machine Records was still in its infancy during the June 2006
release of the lead single, "Tim McGraw", and Swift and her mother
helped "stuff the CD singles into envelopes to send to radio".[40] She
spent much of 2006 promoting
Taylor SwiftTaylor Swift with a radio tour and
television appearances.[41][42] Borchetta has said that record
industry peers disliked his signing of a 16-year-old singer-songwriter
at first, but that Swift tapped into a previously unknown
market—teenage girls who listen to country music.[22] Following "Tim
McGraw", four more singles were released throughout 2007 and 2008:
"Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", "Picture to Burn" and "Should've
Said No". All were highly successful on Billboard's Hot Country Songs
chart, with "Our Song" and "Should've Said No" both reaching number
one. For the former, Swift became the youngest person to
single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the chart.[43]
"Teardrops on My Guitar" became a moderate commercial success,
reaching number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100.[44] Swift also
released the holiday album Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift
Holiday Collection in October 2007 and the EP
Beautiful EyesBeautiful Eyes in July
2008.[45][46] She promoted her debut album extensively as the opening
act for other artists on their tours.[47]
Swift won accolades for Taylor Swift. She was one of the recipients of
the Nashville Songwriters Association's Songwriter/Artist of the Year
in 2007, becoming the youngest person to be honored with the
title.[48] She also won the Country Music Association's Horizon Award
for Best New Artist,[49] the
Academy of Country Music Awards' Top New
Female Vocalist,[50] and the American Music Awards' Favorite Country
Female Artist honor.[51] She was also nominated for Best New Artist at
the 2008 Grammy Awards.[52] In July of that year, Swift began a
romance with
Joe JonasJoe Jonas that ended three months later.[53][54]
2008–2010: Fearless and acting
Swift's second studio album, Fearless, was released on November 11,
2008.[36] The lead single, "Love Story", was released in September
2008. It peaked at number four on the Billboard Hot 100[55] and number
one in Australia.[56] Four more singles were released throughout 2008
and 2009: "White Horse", "You Belong with Me", "Fifteen" and
"Fearless". "You Belong with Me" was the album's highest-charting
single on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number two.[57] The album
debuted at number one on the
Billboard 200Billboard 200 and was the top-selling
album of 2009 in the United States.[58] The album received promotion
from Swift's first concert tour, the Fearless Tour,[59] which grossed
over $63 million.[60] Taylor Swift: Journey to Fearless, a
concert film, was aired on television and later released on DVD and
Blu-ray.[61] Swift also performed as a supporting act for Keith
Urban's Escape Together World Tour.[62]

Pictured at the premiere of Hannah Montana: The Movie, Swift had a
cameo appearance in the film and recorded two songs for its
soundtrack.[63][64]

In 2009, the music video for "You Belong with Me" was named
MTVMTV Video
Music Award for Best Female Video.[65] Her acceptance speech was
interrupted by rapper Kanye West.[66] The incident was the subject of
controversy and frequent media attention, resulting in many Internet
memes.[67] James Montgomery of
MTVMTV argued that the incident and
subsequent media attention turned Swift into "a bona-fide mainstream
celebrity".[68] Also that year, she won five American Music Awards,
including Artist of the Year and Favorite Country Album.[69] Billboard
named her 2009's Artist of the Year.[70] The album ranked number 99 on
NPR's 2017 list of the 150 Greatest Albums Made By Women.[71]
At the 52nd Grammy Awards, Fearless was named Album of the Year and
Best Country Album, and "White Horse" was named Best Country Song and
Best Female Country Vocal Performance. Swift was the youngest artist
ever to win Album of the Year.[72] During the ceremony, Swift sang
"You Belong with Me" and "Rhiannon" with Stevie Nicks. Her vocal
performance received negative reviews and a media backlash.[68][73]
Jon Caramanica of
The New York TimesThe New York Times found it "refreshing to see
someone so gifted make the occasional flub" and described Swift as
"the most important new pop star of the past few years".[74] Swift
became the youngest ever artist to be named Entertainer of the Year by
the Country Music Association.[75] Fearless also won the Association's
Album of the Year award.[76]
Swift contributed backing vocals to John Mayer's "Half of My Heart", a
single featured on his fourth album, Battle Studies (2009).[77] She
co-wrote and recorded "Best Days of Your Life" with Kellie
Pickler,[78] and co-wrote two songs for the Hannah Montana: The Movie
soundtrack—"You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home" and
"Crazier".[64] Swift also provided vocals for Boys Like Girls' "Two Is
Better Than One".[79] She contributed two songs to the Valentine's Day
soundtrack, including "Today Was a Fairytale", which became her first
number one on the
Canadian Hot 100 chart.[80][81] While filming
Valentine's Day in October 2009—Swift's film debut—she began a
romantic relationship with co-star Taylor Lautner, but they broke up
later that year.[82][83] The romantic comedy, released the following
year, saw her play the ditzy girlfriend of a high school jock, a role
in which
Los Angeles TimesLos Angeles Times found "serious comedic potential".[84] In a
scathing review, the critic for Variety deemed her "entirely
undirected", arguing that "she needs to find a skilled director to
tamp her down and channel her obviously abundant energy".[85]
Swift made her acting debut in a 2009 episode of CBS's CSI: Crime
Scene Investigation, playing a rebellious teenager. The New York Times
noted that the character allowed Swift to be "a little bit naughty,
and credibly so".[86] Later that year, Swift both hosted and performed
as the musical guest for an episode of Saturday Night Live.[87]
Entertainment WeeklyEntertainment Weekly described her as "this season's best Saturday
Night Live host so far", noting that she "was always up for the
challenge, seemed to be having fun, and helped the rest of the cast
nail the punchlines".[88] Later in 2010, she briefly dated actor Jake
Gyllenhaal.[89]
2010–2014:
Speak NowSpeak Now and Red
In August 2010, Swift released "Mine", the lead single from her third
studio album, Speak Now. It entered the United States at number three,
making Swift the second female artist in the history of the Hot 100
(after Mariah Carey) to debut multiple tracks in the top five in one
year; the other was "Today Was a Fairytale" at number two.[90] Swift
wrote the album alone and co produced every track.[91] Speak Now,
released on October 25, 2010,[36] was a commercial success, debuting
at number one on the Billboard 200, and becoming the 16th album to
achieve opening week sales of one million copies.[92] It became the
fastest-selling digital album by a female artist, with 278,000
downloads in a week, earning Swift an entry in the 2010 Guinness World
Records. She earned another Guinness World Record entry after she
became the first woman to achieve 10 track debuts on the Billboard Hot
100.[93][94] Three of the album's singles, "Mine", "Back to December",
and "Mean", peaked in the top ten in Canada.[81]

"Mean" won Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance at the
54th Annual Grammy Awards.[95] Swift performed the song during the
ceremony. Claire Suddath of Time felt she "delivered her comeback
on-key and with a vengeance";[96] Jayme Deerwester of
USA TodayUSA Today wrote
that the criticism in 2010 seemed to have "made her a better
songwriter and live performer".[97] Swift won various other awards for
Speak Now, including Songwriter/Artist of the Year by the Nashville
Songwriters Association (2010 and 2011),[98][99] Woman of the Year by
Billboard (2011),[100] and Entertainer of the Year by the Academy of
Country Music (2011 and 2012)[101] and the Country Music Association
in 2011.[102] At the
American Music AwardsAmerican Music Awards of 2011, Swift won Artist
of the Year and Favorite Country Album.[103]
Rolling StoneRolling Stone placed
Speak NowSpeak Now at number 45 in its 2012 list of the "50 Best Female Albums
of All Time", writing: "She might get played on the country station,
but she's one of the few genuine rock stars we've got these days, with
a flawless ear for what makes a song click."[104]
The
Speak NowSpeak Now World Tour ran from February 2011 to March 2012 and
grossed over $123 million.[105] In November 2011, Swift released
her first live album,
Speak NowSpeak Now World Tour: Live.[106] The following
month, she contributed two original songs to The Hunger Games
soundtrack album: "Safe & Sound", cowritten and recorded with the
Civil Wars and T-Bone Burnett, and "Eyes Open". "Safe & Sound" won
the
Grammy AwardGrammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media.[107] After
providing vocals for B.o.B's "Both of Us" in May 2012,[108] Swift
dated political heir Conor Kennedy from July to September 2012.[109]
In August, Swift released "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together",
the lead single from her fourth studio album, Red. It became her first
number one in the US and New Zealand,[110][111] and reached the top
slot on an iTunes chart 50 minutes after its release, earning the
"Fastest Selling Single in Digital History" Guinness World
Record.[112] Swift released the album's second single, "Begin Again",
in October. It reached number seven on the Billboard Hot 100.[113]
Other singles released from the album include "I Knew You Were
Trouble", "22", "Everything Has Changed", "The Last Time", and "Red".
"I Knew You Were Trouble" was a major commercial success,[114] peaking
at number two in the United States.[113]
Red was released on October 22, 2012,[36] incorporating new genres,
such as heartland rock, dubstep and dance-pop. The album was a
critical and commercial success,[11] and debuted at number one on the
Billboard 200Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 1.21 million copies. This
marked the highest opening sales in a decade, and made Swift the first
female to have two million-selling album openings, a record recognized
by Guinness World Records.[115][116]
The Red TourThe Red Tour ran from March 2013
to June 2014 and grossed over $150 million.[117] Red earned
several accolades, including four nominations at the 56th Annual
Grammy Awards.[118] Its single "I Knew You Were Trouble" won Best
Female Video at the 2013
MTVMTV Video Music Awards.[119] Swift was named
Best Female Country Artist at the 2012
American Music AwardsAmerican Music Awards and
Artist of the Year at the 2013 ceremony.[120][121] She received the
Nashville Songwriters Association's Songwriter/Artist Award for the
fifth and sixth consecutive years in 2012 and 2013 respectively.[122]
Swift was also honored by the Association with a special Pinnacle
Award, making her the second recipient of the accolade after Garth
Brooks.[123]
In 2013, Swift cowrote "Sweeter Than Fiction" with
Jack AntonoffJack Antonoff for
the One Chance soundtrack, and received a Best Original Song
nomination at the 71st Golden Globe Awards.[124] She provided guest
vocals for a McGraw song titled "Highway Don't Care", featuring guitar
work by Urban.[125] Swift performed "As Tears Go By" with the Rolling
Stones in Chicago as part of their 50 & Counting tour,[126] and
stated that the band was a major influence on her career outlook.[127]
She also joined
Florida Georgia LineFlorida Georgia Line on stage during their set at the
2013
Country Radio Seminar to sing "Cruise".[128] Outside music, Swift
voiced Audrey, a tree lover, in the animated film The Lorax
(2012),[129] made a cameo in the sitcom
New GirlNew Girl (2013),[130] and had
a supporting role in the film adaptation of
The GiverThe Giver (2014).[131] She
dated British singer Harry Styles.[132]
2014–2016: 1989
In March 2014, Swift relocated to New York City.[133] Around this
time, she was working on her fifth studio album, 1989, with writers
Antonoff, Martin, Shellback, Imogen Heap, Ryan Tedder, and Ali
Payami.[134] She promoted the album through various campaigns,
including inviting fans to secret album-listening sessions, called the
"1989 Secret Sessions".[135] Credited as her "first documented,
official pop album", it marked a departure from her previous country
albums.[136] The album was released on October 27, 2014 to positive
reviews.[36][137]

Swift at the 1989 World Tour, which grossed $250 million and
became one of the highest-grossing tours of the decade

1989 sold 1.28 million copies in the US during the first week of
release and debuted atop the Billboard 200—this made Swift the first
act to have three albums sell more than one million copies in their
opening release week, for which she earned a Guinness World
Record.[138][139] As of June 2017, 1989 had sold over 10 million
copies worldwide.[140] The album's lead single, "Shake It Off", was
released in August 2014 and debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot
100.[141] Others included two number-one singles—"Blank Space" and
"Bad Blood" (featuring Kendrick Lamar)—as well as the top-ten
entries "Style" and "Wildest Dreams", and the singles "Out of the
Woods" and "New Romantics".[142] "Shake It Off", "Blank Space", and
"Bad Blood" also topped the charts in Australia and Canada.[56][81]
After "Blank Space" reached number-one in the US following "Shake It
Off", Swift became the first woman in the Hot 100's history to succeed
herself at the top spot.[143] The music video for the former briefly
became the fastest video to reach one billion views on Vevo.[144] The
videos for "Blank Space" and "Bad Blood" won four accolades at the
2015
MTVMTV Video Music Awards, with the latter winning for Video of the
Year and Best Collaboration.[145] Swift's headlining tour, the 1989
World Tour, running from May to December 2015, grossed over
$250 million, and became one of the highest grossing tours of the
decade.[146]
Swift was named Billboard's Woman of the Year in 2014, becoming the
first artist to win the award twice.[147] Also that year, she received
the Dick Clark Award for Excellence at the American Music Awards.[148]
In 2015, "Shake It Off" was nominated for three Grammy Awards,
including Record of the Year and Song of the Year and Swift won the
Brit AwardBrit Award for International Female Solo Artist.[149][150] The singer
was one of eight artists to receive a 50th Anniversary Milestone Award
at the 2015
Academy of Country Music Awards.[151] In 2016, Swift won
three
Grammy AwardsGrammy Awards for 1989—Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal
Album, and Best Music Video for "Bad Blood". She became the first
woman, and fifth act overall, to win the first of these twice.[152]
Prior to 1989's release, Swift stressed the importance of albums to
artists and fans.[153] In November 2014, she removed her entire
catalog from Spotify, arguing that the streaming company's
ad-supported, free service undermined the premium service, which
provides higher royalties for songwriters.[154] In a June 2015 open
letter, Swift criticized
Apple MusicApple Music for not offering royalties to
artists during the streaming service's free three-month trial period
and stated that she would pull 1989 from the catalog.[155] The
following day, Apple announced that it would pay artists during the
free trial period,[156] and Swift agreed to stream 1989 on the
streaming service.[157] Swift's intellectual property rights
management and holding company, TAS Rights Management, filed for 73
trademarks related to the singer and the 1989 era memes.[158] She
re-added her entire catalog to Spotify,
Amazon MusicAmazon Music and Google Play
in June 2017.[159]
In 2015, Swift performed "I Saw Her Standing There" and "Shake It Off"
with
Paul McCartneyPaul McCartney at the
Saturday Night LiveSaturday Night Live 40th Anniversary
SpecialSpecial after-party,[160] and joined Kenny Chesney to sing "Big Star"
on the opening night of his Big Revival Tour in Nashville.[161] In
March 2015, Swift started dating Scottish DJ and record producer
Calvin Harris.[162] By June 2015, the duo were ranked as the
highest-paid celebrity couple over the past year by
ForbesForbes with
combined earnings of over $146 million.[163] In August, Swift
addressed her mother's cancer diagnosis, and encouraged others to get
a medical checkup.[164] Before Swift and Harris announced the end of
their relationship in June 2016,[165] the two co-wrote his song "This
Is What You Came For", for which she was initially credited under the
pseudonym Nils Sjöberg.[166] In October, she penned Little Big Town's
"Better Man" for their seventh album, The Breaker.[167] The song
earned Swift an award for Song of the Year at the 51st CMA
Awards.[168] Two months later, Swift and
Zayn MalikZayn Malik released a single
together called "I Don't Wanna Live Forever", for the soundtrack of
the film
Fifty Shades DarkerFifty Shades Darker (2017), which reached number one in
Sweden and number two in the US.[169][170] The duo won the
MTVMTV Video
Music Award for Best Collaboration for its music video.[171]
2017–present: Reputation
In August 2017, Swift sued and prevailed in a civil trial against
David Mueller, a former morning show personality for Denver's KYGO-FM.
Four years earlier, Swift had informed Mueller's bosses that he had
sexually assaulted her by groping her at an event. After being fired,
Mueller accused Swift of lying and sued her for making him lose his
job. Shortly after, Swift counter-sued for sexual assault. The jury
rejected Mueller's claims and ruled in favor of Swift.[172] The singer
thereafter cleared her social media accounts,[173] and released "Look
What You Made Me Do" as the lead single of her sixth album
Reputation.[174] The song topped the charts in Australia, Ireland, New
Zealand, the UK, and the US.[175][176] Its music video gained over
43.2 million views during its first day on YouTube, breaking the
record for the most-viewed music video within 24 hours.[177] In
October, Swift released the album's second single, "...Ready for
It?",[178] which reached number three in Australia and number four in
the US.[179][176]
From Reputation, two promotional singles, "Gorgeous" and "Call It What
You Want" were released.[180][181] The album was released on November
10 and sold 1.216 million copies in the US—becoming 2017's
top-selling album (pure sales only) in the country—and 2 million
copies worldwide during its first week.[182] It topped the charts in
several countries, including the US, the UK, Australia and
Canada.[183][184] Later that month, Swift performed "...Ready for It?"
and "Call It What You Want" on Saturday Night Live.[185] In support of
Reputation, Swift will embark on Taylor Swift's Reputation Stadium
Tour in 2018.[186]
Artistry
Influences

One of Swift's earliest musical memories is listening to her maternal
grandmother, Marjorie Finlay, sing in church.[2] As a child, she
enjoyed Disney film soundtracks: "My parents noticed that, once I had
run out of words, I would just make up my own".[187] Swift has said
she owes her confidence to her mother, who helped her prepare for
class presentations as a child.[188] She also attributes her
"fascination with writing and storytelling" to her mother.[189] Swift
was drawn to the storytelling of country music,[190] and was
introduced to the genre by "the great female country artists of the
'90s"—Shania Twain,
Faith HillFaith Hill and the Dixie Chicks.[191][192]
Twain, both as a songwriter and performer, was her biggest musical
influence.[193] Hill was Swift's childhood role model: "Everything she
said, did, wore, I tried to copy it".[194] She admired the Dixie
Chicks' defiant attitude and their ability to play their own
instruments.[195] The band's "Cowboy Take Me Away" was the first song
Swift learned to play on the guitar.[196] Swift also explored the
music of older country stars, including Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn,
Dolly PartonDolly Parton and Tammy Wynette.[12] She believes Parton is "an amazing
example to every female songwriter out there".[197] Alt-country
artists such as Ryan Adams,[198] Patty Griffin[199] and Lori McKenna
have inspired Swift.[22]
Swift lists Paul McCartney, The Rolling Stones,[127] Bruce
Springsteen, Emmylou Harris, Kris Kristofferson, and Carly Simon as
her career role models: "They've taken chances, but they've also been
the same artist for their entire careers".[22][200] McCartney, both as
a Beatle and a solo artist, makes Swift feel "as if I've been let into
his heart and his mind ... Any musician could only dream of a legacy
like that".[201] She admires Springsteen for being "so musically
relevant after such a long period of time".[202] She aspires to be
like Harris as she grows older: "It's not about fame for her, it's
about music".[203] "[Kristofferson] shines in songwriting ...
He's just one of those people who has been in this business for years
but you can tell it hasn't chewed him up and spat him out", Swift
says.[204] She admires Simon's "songwriting and honesty ... She's
known as an emotional person but a strong person".[205]
Swift has also been influenced by many artists outside the country
genre. As a pre-teen, she enjoyed bubblegum pop acts including Hanson
and Britney Spears; Swift has said she has "unwavering devotion" for
Spears.[206][207] In her high school years, Swift listened to rock
bands such as Dashboard Confessional,[208] Fall Out Boy,[209] and
Jimmy Eat World.[210] She has also spoken fondly of singers and
songwriters like Michelle Branch,[210] Alanis Morissette,[211] Ashlee
Simpson,[212] Fefe Dobson[210] and Justin Timberlake;[213] and the
1960s acts The Shirelles, Doris Troy, and The Beach Boys.[214] Swift's
fifth album, the pop-focused 1989, was influenced by some of her
favorite 1980s pop acts, including Annie Lennox,
Phil CollinsPhil Collins and
"Like a Prayer-era Madonna".[215]

Musical style

Swift's "Les Paul" guitar and cordless microphone on exhibit in the
Artist Gallery of the Musical Instrument Museum of Phoenix in Arizona

Swift's music contains elements of pop, pop rock and country.[216] She
described herself as a country artist until the 2014 release of 1989,
which she described as a "sonically cohesive pop album".[217] Rolling
Stone wrote: "[Swift] might get played on the country station, but
she's one of the few genuine rock stars we've got these days."[218]
According to The New York Times, "There isn't much in Ms. Swift's
music to indicate country—a few banjo strums, a pair of cowboy boots
worn onstage, a bedazzled guitar—but there's something in her
winsome, vulnerable delivery that's unique to Nashville".[219] The
Guardian wrote that Swift "cranks melodies out with the pitiless
efficiency of a Scandinavian pop factory".[220]
Swift's vocals were described by Sophie Schillaci of The Hollywood
Reporter as "sweet, but soft".[221] The
Los Angeles TimesLos Angeles Times identified
Swift's "defining" vocal gesture in studio recordings as "the line
that slides down like a contented sigh or up like a raised eyebrow,
giving her beloved girl-time hits their air of easy intimacy".[222]
Rolling Stone, in a
Speak NowSpeak Now review, wrote: "Swift's voice is
unaffected enough to mask how masterful she has become as a singer;
she lowers her voice for the payoff lines in the classic mode of a shy
girl trying to talk tough."[223] In another review of Speak Now, The
Village Voice wrote that her phrasing was previously "bland and
muddled, but that's changed. She can still sound strained and thin,
and often strays into a pitch that drives some people crazy; but she's
learned how to make words sound like what they mean."[224] The
Hollywood Reporter wrote that her live vocals are "fine", but they do
not match those of her peers.[221] In 2009, Ken Tucker of
Entertainment WeeklyEntertainment Weekly described Swift's vocals as "flat, thin, and
sometimes as wobbly as a newborn colt".[225] However, Swift has
received praise for refusing to correct her pitch with Auto-Tune.[226]
In an interview with The New Yorker, Swift characterized herself
primarily as a songwriter: "I write songs, and my voice is just a way
to get those lyrics across."[22] A writer for
The TennesseanThe Tennessean conceded
in 2010 that Swift is "not the best technical singer", but described
her as the "best communicator that we've got".[227] Swift's vocal
presence is something that concerns her and she has "put a lot of
work" into improving it.[228] It was reported in 2010 that she
continues to take vocal lessons.[229] She has said that she only feels
nervous performing "if I'm not sure what the audience thinks of me,
like at award shows".[230]
Songwriting
Swift uses her life experiences as an inspiration in her work.[231] In
her songs, Swift often addresses the "anonymous crushes of her high
school years" and celebrities.[232] Swift frequently criticizes
ex-boyfriends,[233] an aspect of her songwriting downplayed by The
Village Voice: "Being told What Songs Mean is like having a really
pushy professor. And it imperils a true appreciation of Swift's
talent, which is not confessional, but dramatic."[234] However, New
York believes the media scrutiny over her decision to "mine her
personal life for music ... is sexist, inasmuch as it's not asked of
her male peers".[235] The singer herself has said that not all her
songs are factual and that they are sometimes based on
observations.[236] Aside from her liner note clues, Swift tries not to
talk about song subjects specifically "because these are real people.
You try to give insight as to where you were coming from as a writer
without completely throwing somebody under the bus".[237]

For a female to write about her feelings, and then be portrayed as
some clingy, insane, desperate girlfriend in need of making you marry
her and have kids with her, I think that's taking something that
potentially should be celebrated—a woman writing about her feelings
in a confessional way—that's taking it and turning it and twisting
it into something that is frankly a little sexist.
— Swift in response to criticism of her songwriting[238]

The GuardianThe Guardian has praised Swift for writing about teenage years "with a
kind of wistful, sepia-toned nostalgia" over the course of her first
two albums.[220] New York has remarked that many singer-songwriters
have made great records as teens, but "none made great records so
explicitly about their teens". The magazine has also compared her work
to Brian Wilson.[239] In Fearless, Swift featured fairy tale imagery
and explored the disconnect "between fairy tales and the reality of
love".[240] Her later albums address more adult relationships.[200] In
addition to romance and love, Swift's songs have discussed
parent-child relationships, friendships,[241][242] alienation, fame,
and career ambitions.[189] Swift frequently includes "a tossed-off
phrase to suggest large and serious things that won't fit in the song,
things that enhance or subvert the surface narrative".[243]
Rolling StoneRolling Stone describes Swift as "a songwriting savant with an
intuitive gift for verse-chorus-bridge architecture".[244] According
to The Village Voice, she uses third-verse point of view reversals
frequently.[243] In terms of imagery, repetition is evident in Swift's
songwriting. In The Guardian's words, "she spends so much time kissin'
in the rain that it seems a miracle she hasn't developed
trenchfoot".[220]
Slant Magazine adds, "to Swift's credit, she
explores new lyrical motifs over the course of [her fourth]
album".[245] Although reviews of Swift's work are "almost uniformly
positive",
The New YorkerThe New Yorker has said she is generally portrayed "more as
a skilled technician than as a Dylanesque visionary".[22]
Public image
Swift's personal life is the subject of constant media attention.[246]
In 2013, Abercrombie & Fitch marketed a slogan T-shirt with a
"slut-shaming" remark directed toward her.[247] The New York Times
asserted that her "dating history has begun to stir what feels like
the beginning of a backlash" and questioned whether Swift was in the
midst of a "quarter-life crisis".[248] Swift has said that she is
unwilling to discuss her personal life in public,[246] as she believes
that talking about it can be "a career weakness".[249]

Rolling StoneRolling Stone remarks upon her polite manner: "If this is Swift's game
face, it must be tattooed on because it never drops."[250] The
magazine also takes note of her "ease with glad-handing",[33] and The
Hollywood Reporter credits her as "the Best People Person since Bill
Clinton".[251] While presenting Swift an award for her humanitarian
endeavors in 2012,
Michelle ObamaMichelle Obama described her as a singer who "has
rocketed to the top of the music industry but still keeps her feet on
the ground, someone who has shattered every expectation of what a
22-year-old can accomplish".[252] Swift considers
Michelle ObamaMichelle Obama to be
a role model.[253] Swift is one of the most followed people on social
media, and is known for her friendly interactions with her
fans.[254][255] She has delivered holiday gifts to fans by mail and in
person, dubbed "Swiftmas".[256] She considers it her "responsibility"
to be conscious of her influence on young fans,[257] and has said that
her fans are "the longest and best relationship I have ever had".[258]
Often described by the media as "America's Sweetheart",[259] Swift
insists that "I don't live by all these rigid, weird rules that make
me feel all fenced in. I just like the way that I feel like, and that
makes me feel very free". She refuses to take part in overly
sexualized photo-shoots,[260] although
Bloomberg L.P.Bloomberg L.P. views her as a
sex symbol.[261] Swift was named an Icon of American Style by Vogue in
2011.[262] In 2014 she topped People's annual best dressed list.[263]
In 2015, she was named Woman of the Year at the Elle Style
Awards,[264] and ranked first in Maxim's Hot 100 list.[265]
Swift has also appeared in various power listings. Due to her success
and earnings, she was included in Time's annual list of the 100 most
influential people in 2010 and 2015.[266] From 2011–15, she appeared
in the top three of Forbes' Top-Earning Women in Music with earnings
of $45 million, $57 million, $55 million,
$64 million and $80 million respectively.[267] In 2015, she
became the youngest woman ever to be included on Forbes' 100 most
powerful women list, ranked at number 64.[268] In 2016, Swift topped
Forbes' annual list of the 100 highest-paid celebrities with
$170 million—a feat that entered the Guinness World
Records[269]—and also ranked among the top ten in 2011, 2013 and
2015.[270] She was one of the finalists for
Time Person of the Year in
2014, and was named so in 2017 as part of the "Silence Breakers" who
spoke up about sexual assault.[271][272] In June 2017, Forbes
estimated Swift's net worth to be $280 million.[273]
Other ventures
Philanthropy
Swift's philanthropic efforts have been recognized by the Do Something
Awards and the Tennessee Disaster Services.[274][275] She has also
received The Big
Help Award for her "dedication to helping others" and
"inspiring others through action",[276] and the Ripple of Hope Award
because of her "dedication to advocacy at such a young age […]
Taylor is just the kind of woman we want our daughters to be".[277] In
2008, she donated $100,000 to the Red Cross to help the victims of the
Iowa flood of 2008.[278] The singer has performed in charity reliefs
like Sydney's
Sound ReliefSound Relief concert.[279] She also recorded a song for
the Hope for Haiti Now album.[280] In response to the May 2010
Tennessee floods, Swift donated $500,000 during a telethon hosted by
WSMV.[281] In 2011, Swift used a dress rehearsal of her
Speak NowSpeak Now tour
as a benefit concert for victims of recent tornadoes in the United
States, raising more than $750,000.[282] In 2012, Swift supported
Architecture for Humanity's Restore the Shore
MTVMTV telethon in the
aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.[283] In 2016, she made donations to the
Louisiana flood relief and
Dolly PartonDolly Parton Fire Fund.[284][285]
Swift is a supporter of the arts and donated $75,000 to Nashville's
Hendersonville High School in 2010 to help refurbish the school
auditorium.[286] In 2012, she pledged $4 million to fund the
building of a new education center at the Country Music Hall of Fame
and Museum in Nashville.[287] Also in 2012, Swift partnered with
textbook rental company
CheggChegg to donate $60,000 to the music
departments of six US colleges.[288] Swift also promotes children's
literacy. In 2009, she donated $250,000 to various schools around the
country for improvement of education.[289] Her other endeavors to
promote literacy include donating 6,000 Scholastic books to Reading
Public Library, Pennsylvania;[290] 14,000 books to Nashville Public
Library, Tennessee;[291] 2,000 Scholastic books to the Reading
Hospital Child Health Center's early literacy program;[292] and 25,000
books to New York City schools in 2015.[293]
In 2007, she launched a campaign to protect children from online
predators, in partnership with the Tennessee Association of Chiefs of
Police.[294] In 2009, Swift recorded a Sound Matters public service
announcement (PSA) to make listeners aware of the importance of
listening "responsibly" to prevent hearing impairment.[295] Swift has
donated items for auction to several charities, including: the Elton
John AIDS Foundation, the UNICEF Tap Project, MusiCares, and Feeding
America.[296] As a recipient of the Academy of Country Music's
Entertainer of the Year in 2011, Swift donated $25,000 to St. Jude
Children's Research Hospital, Tennessee.[297] In 2012, Swift
participated in the Stand Up to
CancerCancer telethon, performing "Ronan", a
song she wrote in memory of a four-year-old boy who died of
neuroblastoma. The song was made available for digital download with
all proceeds donated to cancer-related charities.[298] In 2014, she
donated $100,000 to the V Foundation for
CancerCancer Research,[299] and
$50,000 to Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.[300] The singer made
private visits to hospitals to meet with sick patients and to support
them.[301] Swift has encouraged young people to volunteer in their
local communities as part of Global Youth Service Day.[302] In 2018,
she collaborated with 300 women in Hollywood to set up the Time's Up
initiative to protect women from harassment and discrimination.[303]
Politics
During the 2008 presidential campaign, Swift promoted the Every Woman
Counts campaign, aimed at engaging women in the political process, and
was one of many country stars to record a PSA for the Vote (For Your)
Country campaign.[304] She stated: "I don't think it's my job to try
and influence people which way they should vote."[12] Following Barack
Obama's inauguration, she told
Rolling StoneRolling Stone that she supported the
president: "I've never seen this country so happy about a political
decision in my entire time of being alive. I'm so glad this was my
first election."[305]
In a 2012 interview, Swift remarked that in spite of keeping herself
"as educated and informed as possible", she does not discuss politics,
fearing that it might influence other people.[306] Writing about media
pressure on Swift to publicly take political stances,
PoliticoPolitico called
Swift "studiously apolitical".[307] Swift has spent time with the
Kennedy family[308] and has spoken of her admiration for Ethel
Kennedy.[204] Swift is also a feminist.[309] She has spoken out
against
LGBTLGBT discrimination. Following the 2008 murder of Larry King,
she recorded a GLSEN PSA to combat hate crimes.[310] On the first
anniversary of King's death, Swift told Seventeen that her parents
taught her "never to judge others based on whom they love, what color
their skin is, or their religion".[311] The music video for Swift's
anti-bullying song "Mean" deals in part with homophobia in high
schools; the video was nominated for an
MTVMTV VMA social activism award
in 2011.[312][313]
The New York TimesThe New York Times believes she is part of "a new
wave of young (and mostly straight) women who are providing the
soundtrack for a generation of gay fans coming to terms with their
identity in a time of turbulent and confusing cultural messages".[312]
Product endorsements
While promoting her debut album, Swift appeared as the face of Verizon
Wireless' Mobile Music campaign.[314] In the Fearless era, she
launched a l.e.i. sundress range at Wal-Mart,[315] and designed
American GreetingsAmerican Greetings cards and
Jakks Pacific dolls.[316][317] She became
a spokesperson for the National Hockey League's (NHL) Nashville
Predators and
SonySonyCyber-shotCyber-shot digital cameras.[318][319] In the Speak
Now era, she released a special edition of her album through
Target.[320] Swift became a
CoverGirlCoverGirl spokesmodel,[321] launched two
Elizabeth Arden fragrances—Wonderstruck and Wonderstruck
Enchanted.[322]
While promoting her fourth album, Red, Swift offered exclusive album
promotions through Target,[323] Papa John's Pizza,[324] and
Walgreens.[325] She became a spokesmodel for
Diet CokeDiet Coke and Keds
sneakers,[326] released her third Elizabeth Arden fragrance named
Taylor by Taylor Swift,[327] and continued her partnerships with Sony
Electronics and American Greetings.[328][329] Swift also partnered
with the companies AirAsia[330] and Qantas[331] during the Red Tour.
These acted as the official airlines for the Australian and Asian
legs, and Cornetto sponsored the Asian leg of the tour.[332] While
promoting 1989, Swift had tie-ins with Subway, Keds, Target and Diet
Coke.[333] In 2014, Swift released her fourth fragrance, Incredible
Things.[334]
Awards and achievements
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Taylor Swift
Swift has received many awards and honors, including 10 Grammy
Awards,[335] 19 American Music Awards,[336] 21 Billboard Music Awards
(the most wins by an act),[337] 12
Country Music AssociationCountry Music Association Awards, 8
Academy of Country Music Awards,[338] one Brit Award,[150] and one
Creative Arts Emmy Award.[339] As a songwriter, she has been honored
by the Nashville Songwriters Association[48][340] and the Songwriters
Hall of Fame, and has been listed in Rolling Stone's 2015 list of the
100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time.[341][342]
By the beginning of 2016, Swift had sold more than 40 million albums,
130 million single downloads and was one of the top five music
artists with the highest worldwide digital sales.[140] Swift's studio
albums Taylor Swift, Fearless, Speak Now, Red, and 1989 have all sold
over 4 million copies in the US.[343] She is the third
best-selling digital singles artist in the US with a total of 106.5
million equivalent units certified according to Recording Industry
Association of America.[344]
Discography
Main articles:
Taylor SwiftTaylor Swift discography and list of songs

List of best-selling singles in the United States
List of most subscribed users on YouTube
List of highest-certified music artists in the United States
List of best-selling music artists
List of
Billboard Hot 100Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones
List of best-selling albums by year in the United States

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