U. S. District Judge Lowell Reed has ruled that the Child Online Protection Act (COPA) "facially violates the First and Fifth Amendment rights of the plaintiffs" in ACLU v. Gonzales because "at least some of the plaintiffs have standing;...COPA is not narrowly tailored to Congress's interest;...defendant has failed to meet his burden of showing that COPA is the least restrictive, most effective alternative [in achieving that interest] ...and COPA is impermissibly vague and overbroad. As a result, I will issue a permanent injunction against the enforcement of COPA." Read the entire ruling here.