Saturday, May 19, 2012

The big question is what are the Maoist fighting for? Is it money or power? Are they political or economic actors? Are they Robin hoods or rent seekers? Are they committed communists or as the home minister PC Chidambaram says, “crafty capitalist”? And more important, can the entire resistance movement be clubbed under the Maoist monolith.

Recently, media flashed pictures of Milli Panda, wife of Sabyasachi Panda, a Maoist leader in Orissa. The videos showed Milli immaculately dressed in an expensive saree, wearing pirated sun glasses. Besides, the glittering gold chain hanging down her neck, the most distinctive feature in her attire was a red Hindu sacred thread tied on her wrist. If anything, Milli’s dressing sense defies all logic about her Maoist leanings.

Her outward appearance would surely have gone unnoticed had she been a Delhi based leftist, but an immaculately dressed up woman emerging from the most backward conflict zone in India raises genuine doubts about the ideological purity of the brand of politics that the media identifies her with. She certainly appeared to be a “crafty capitalist” than any disciple of Mao.

Milli’s dazzling personality also illuminates the fact that the problem is not one of communist ideology but an offshoot of capitalism. It is sheer greed that is driving many rent seekers in the area that has been thrown open for mineral extraction. This is not to suggest a complete absence of politically motivated Maoist, but the growth of rent seeking criminals can also not be discounted. These criminals are nothing but a more dreaded version of Salwa Judam who are being employed to create an atmosphere of instability in the area.

Who is behind these criminal elements and why are they being promoted? The perception among many middle-class Delhites is that the main cause of trouble is the tribals who are instigated by city-bred, ideologically driven Maoists, to take up arms to overthrow the Indian constitution. Many of those who argue on these lines know that the problem is far from being political – it is an economic problem.

To devise a coherent strategy, it is important to know the true nature of dissent. There are various shades to this movement - Some are born rebels, some have achieved Mao-hood but a large chunk have Maoism thrust upon them. It is the last variety of Maoists that are more lethal to the national health.

According to the Minister of State for Home Affairs Jitendra Singh, “The CPI (Maoist) has close links with foreign Maoist organizations in Philippines, Turkey, etc. The outfit is also a member of the ‘Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations of South Asia”. In addition, as PV Ramana of IDSA says, “there also existed entirely opportunistic, non-fraternal linkages with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) of Sri Lanka.”

Indian Maoists connection to Europe is what compounds the problem manifold. There is hardly a strong Maoist movement in Europe. The European members of these groups who hold seminars professing armed revolution neither believe in its applicability in their home country nor are they convinced about it occurrence in any of the sister states of Europe.

These so-called communist actors of the West are generally on the payrolls of criminal elements and multi-national companies involved in mineral extraction business. The cloak of communism that these agencies wear only masks their criminal intent. Much like the western NGOs promoting democracy and coloured revolutions in various parts of the world, the western Maoists are also involved in promoting trouble in third world countries. We have seen how the western connections of the LTTE movement resulted in Sri Lankan population losing decades in a frivolous war. Similarly, the connections of Punjab terrorism to the West are also well substantiated.

In addition to the foreign connection, the Maoist in central and south India also thrive on direct support from local business houses. Why are all these foreign and local agencies funding the same elements that they profess to dread the most?

The normal logic suggests that business requires peace to flourish. However, the history of business in most of the mineral rich areas of the third world tell a different story - It is actually in the interest of the business to have an atmosphere of violence. The business of mineral or fossil fuel extraction actually thrives in a communally and ethnically vitiated environment. When the natives are busy fighting each other and when the focus of entire nation is fixated on violence, the multinational companies (largely from the west) quietly extract minerals. A very recent case is that of Iraq that lost one million people and most of its infrastructure just to make sure that Halliburton and its ilk could extract oil in tranquility.

Mr Chidambram in one of the interviews to a leading newspaper had said, “ I think we need to rewrite the rules and regulations so that anyone who wishes to do business in these areas can do so under a different set of rules…No one will put money unless two conditions are satisfied. There has to be reasonable security and two, the rules and regulations in these areas must be known.” Now the question that one needs to ask the home minster is, why this unnecessary haste to generate wealth from India’s mineral resources?

The solution to the problem lies in apprehending profit seekers of all hues.The focus must shift towards those who are exploiting the Indian government’s liberal economic policies for personal aggrandizement. However, one is not sure if the government is ready to acknowledge the role of ‘big ticket’ miners in the game. The administration is focused on how to provide a convivial environment for corporate investments in the disputed area, rather than stabilizing the area for people to sustain their livelihood. More than the Maoists, the problem relates to government’s priority that places ‘business first’ rather than putting ‘people first’.

It makes economic sense to delay the urges to extract minerals because in an unstable region the businessmen may make profits but India will lose out by incurring huge costs in maintaining security. And more important we cannot afford to inflict upon India the “mineral curse” that so many other mineral rich regions of the third world are afflicted with.

The 'maximum force aficionados', that include aggressive TV anchors, retired generals and terrorism experts who repeatedly assert the "inevitability of muscular and violent statecraft" are actually aiding the designs of all those who want large portions of central India to get entrapped in a perpetual cycle of violence.

Friday, May 18, 2012

There are only two contenders for political power in any nation. The first is the political man backed by money and second is the military man aided by the gun. Since money is more powerful, the military normally accepts to play second fiddle to it. This acceptance of a subordinate role results more from expediency than magnanimity. While money has the strength to stand on its own feet, military often needs the crutches of the state to stand tall. However, the two normally stay together in a symbiotic relationship.

For example, in China, men-in-uniform are seen rubbing shoulders with other party members in the Politburo. Similarly, in America, money power vesting with the military industrial complex has ensured that the US armed forces elite are active members of the club that rules the world and garners global wealth. It is this dubious connection of the top military leadership with the top 1% of the wealthy population that is agitating the US veterans who have fought in distant lands. As one US war veteran says, “Don't stand with the global 1 percent. Don't stand with these generals that continuously abuse their own service members and then talk about building democracy and promoting freedom."

However, in the unique Indian civil-military set up (that has refused to change even after 60 years of independence), the military leadership continues to be debarred from entering the elite club that gives exclusive entry rights to politicians’, bureaucrats and businessmen. Having seen the enormity of dubious money transactions that happen in this shady club, the military man is feeling shortchanged for being kept out of its premises.

There is growing perception among many veterans and serving officers that the sanctity and security of the country that Chetwode had described as the utmost duty of a soldier has been destroyed by the tainted Politico-bureaucratic nexus aided and abetted by unscrupulous businessmen.

In the neo-liberal age, national causes look too profane and weak to be the raison d’être for the armed forces. Their association with business interests is too obvious to be ignored. Over the past two decades, there has been considerable weakening of the state -military umbilical cord.

I recently read an interesting blog by an army officer that once again asked the age old question – “What do I die for”? The article begins with Anatole France’s quote that the ‘soldier dies for the industrialists’. The author of the article, Col VP Singh further says, “Soldiers, today, must learn that they no more fight nation's wars but the conflicts started by inept, inefficient and incompetent bureaucracy in league with self-centered, greedy and corrupt politicians.”

Unlike the pre-independence officer, the post-independence lot do not suffer from any guilt conscience of having served a colonial master. They have won victories for India in various wars and are not ready to buy the argument that confines the military to the periphery of power structures in the capital for the sake of democratic health of the nation.

The trends hint at the armed forces trying to swim hard to locate an anchor. This search can either lead them to become more ambitious for political power or ferociously hanker for a trans-national alliance as an independent entity – similar to what Pakistan and many other third world armies have done by getting into a cozy relationship with the Pentagon or letting their elite mortgage them to the empire.

We are almost back to 1950s, when the military leadership, like many good servants of the Queen, was skeptical about the ability of the home-grown leadership to govern India. The Indian military officers trained under British tutelage - had tasted - if not fully savoured - the glamour of power while working for the British flag. Post independence, the military elite thought that they would continue to be as important to democratic India as they were to the empire. However, the roles and missions of the newly independent India were completely at variance to the imperial aims.

Leaders like Field Marshal Carriappa and General Thimmaya did try to disturb the civil-military apple cart by asserting the military supremacy. However, the progressive elements within the political class ensured that independent India’s military unlearnt their imperial lineages and were confined to the fringes of the corridors of power. The military leadership reeling under the guilt of their erstwhile mercenary connections accepted to remain a passive spectator and concentrate on their professional development.

The generation of officers currently at the helm is witness to deterioration of political standards in the country. They have also seen the frontal assault on Indian democracy in 1975, when ‘emergency’ was declared. The question that comes to mind is, why is the post independence officer speaking up now - why did he remain a mute spectator to the growing criminalization, and communalization of Indian polity in the late 1980s and early 1990s?

The only plausible answer to these questions is – in 1990, after the demise of Soviet Union, a new hope was sold across the world and the global herd began moving in the direction of generating wealth by hook or crook. The Indian military elite (more at an individual rather than at an institutional level) too got busy keeping up with the Joneses in the “race to the bottom”.

However, as the gloss of capitalism started peeling off and the blatant loot of state assets started tumbling out from the closets of those who had been singing paeans of inherent virtues of neo-liberalism, the military officer could not believe that he has been fooled.

Let us not fool ourselves and the nation by thinking that military leadership is short on respect and once they get this rather vague commodity, everything will be smooth. Because one is yet to find a military leader who questions the basics of the neo-liberal set up that is splintering the national security – they have never even once raised their concern about privatization of military that is fast usurping their turf.

One is convinced that the battle for honour and respect that the military man is waging against the bureaucracy is just a decoy because much like the Englishman, the Indian military man too does not have any “false pretension to be loved; he wishes to be comfortable and to “make money”. The military man does not openly say it, but he also desires to be a part of the loot currently underway in the country.

The military elite is cocksure, it has a natural life membership of the club that ensures how money is to be made and distributed within the nation, it is for the other club members to realize that they have very little choice but to make room for the military man.