2
Today’s Outline  Week 18 worksheet – Capital Markets:  We’ll try to do some questions on the board today.  Please make sure you review all of problems on your own and ask if you have any questions.  If you’re unsure of any solutions here, please see Chapter 22 in your textbook – it provides detailed explanations and examples.  Some notes about Friday’s Exam.  If you didn’t get your exam last week, please collect it at the end of class.

4
Question 1(a) Graph the Simpsons’ consumption function and find their household’s marginal propensity to consume. Before-tax income (€) Taxes paid (€) Consumption spending (€) Disposable Income 25,0003,00020,00022,000 27,0003,50021,35023,500 28,0003,70022,07024,300 30,0004,00023,60026,000 What is the marginal propensity to consume? We know that the MPC is the slope of our consumption function, so we can find it by taking the change in Consumption Spending divided by the change in Disposable Income.

5
Question 1(b) How much would you expect the Simpsons to consume if their income was €32,000 and they paid taxes of €5,000?.

6
Question 1(c) Homer Simpson wins a lottery prize. As a result, the Simpson family increases its consumption by €1,000 at each level of after-tax income. (‘Income’ does not include the prize money.) How does this change affect the graph of their consumption function? How does it affect their marginal propensity to consume?.

9
Question 4 For the economy described in Problem 3, where: consumption function is C = 1, (Y  T), IP = 1,000, G = 500, NX = 0 and T = 600. The income-expenditure multiplier = 4 and the tax multiplier = -3. Find the change in equilibrium output if the government cuts net taxes by 10. We want to find the change in equilibrium output, ΔY, which result from a change in tax, ΔT. To do this, we can multiply the tax multiplier times the change in taxes, ΔT. So ΔY = [-c/(1-c)]ΔT In Q3, we calculated the tax multiplier = -c/(1-c) = -3, so we can plug that in here: ΔY = (-3)*(-10) ΔY = 30 So a cut in net taxes by 10 will raise equilibrium output by 30.

11
Question 6 Problems 5 to 8 assume that the economy is described by the following equations: C = 1, (Y  T), IP = 900, G = 1,500, NX = 100, T = 1,500, Y* = 9,000 Find the effect on short-run equilibrium output of a decrease in planned investment from 900 to 800. So, we do the same thing steps as in Q5. Short-run equilibrium output is reduced to 8,250. IP = 800

12
Question 7 Problems 5 to 8 assume that the economy is described by the following equations: C = 1, (Y  T), IP = 900, G = 1,500, NX = 100, T = 1,500, Y* = 9,000 Show the determination of short-run equilibrium output for this economy using the Keynesian cross diagram. Determination of Short-Run Equilibrium Output (Keynesian Cross Diagram) The line PAE = 3, Y, referred to as the ‘expenditure line’, shows the relationship of PAE to output. The 45° line represents the short-run equilibrium condition Y = PAE. Short-run equilibrium output (8,500) is determined at the intersection of the two lines, point E. This type of diagram is known as a ‘Keynesian cross’.

13
Question 8 Problems 5 to 8 assume that the economy is described by the following equations: C = 1, (Y  T), IP = 900, G = 1,500, NX = 100, T = 1,500, Y* = 9,000 If net exports are given by NX = 950  0.1Y find the value for short-run equilibrium output and the multiplier. This is just like Example 22.7 in the textbook (pgs ). To find the short-run equilibrium output, we can do the same steps as in Q5, setting Y = PAE. Y = C + I + G + NX Y = 1, (Y  1,500) , (Y) Y = 0.5(Y) + 4, (Y) = 4,250 Y = 4,250 (2) Y = 8,500 So, actually we have the same short-run equilibrium output as we did in Q5. To find the multiplier, in this case, we will get: 1/(1-c+m) where m is the marginal propensity to import. We get this because we know that Net Exports = Exports – Imports. And, that Imports are dependent on Income, so IM = mY, where m is the marginal propensity to import. Since c is 0.6 from Problem 6 and m is 0.1, the multiplier = 1/(1-c+m) = 1/( ) = 2. NX = 950  0.1Y

15
Important Details about the Exam What to know:  Check your timetable for Exam time and location.  You will need to write my name on your Exam booklet, as well as your own. My name is Ayesha Ali. What to bring:  Bring a pen/pencil & eraser.  Bring your library card number. (You will not be allowed to turn in an exam without a library card number.)  Bring a standard (non-programmable) calculator.  Bring a paper English/Other Language dictionary if you need one. Electronic dictionaries will not be allowed.

16
Next Class  Week 19 Worksheet - Money Markets  Chapter 23 in the Textbook  Please me by Saturday if you’d like me to go over any Exam questions/solutions in class next week.  Exam is on Friday this week –  Tutors have 4 weeks to complete marking  The office will probably take a week or two for processing  So, if there are no problems at all, you should get your exam results back in roughly 5 weeks.  Please be patient and work hard in the meantime.  Good luck!