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Try this difficult question fresh from the e-GMAT bakery!After you have arrived at the correct answer, be sure to MARK the answer in the poll above.

Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost $1.07 billion in revenue, owing to the warming trend that forces half the nation’s ski areas to open late and almost half to close early.A. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lostB. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly between 2000 and 2010, lostC. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losingD. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry between 2000 and 2010, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losingE. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost, between 2000 and 2010,

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• Clause 1 - Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and • Clause 2 - which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, • Clause 1 (contd.) - lost $1.07 billion in revenue, owing to the warming trend that forces half the nation’s ski areas to open late and almost half to close early.

Meaning of Original Sentence

• The sentence is about the ski and snowboarding industry. • Certain characteristics of industry presented - # of centers and # people employed.• This industry lost specific amount of money in revenue between 2000 and 2010.• The reason for the loss in revenue has been specified as – warming trend that forces the ski areas to open late or close early.

Errors in the Original Sentence

• Clause 1 - Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and• Clause 2 - which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly,• Clause 1 (contd.) - lost $1.07 billion in revenue, owing to the warming trend that forces half the nation’s ski areas to open late and almost half to close early.

A. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lostParallelism Error as discussed above.

B. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly between 2000 and 2010, lostModifier Error – Highlighted modifier does not modify the action “lost”. It now implies that 187000 people were employed between the given time period. This results in change in meaning of the sentence.Note that the parallelism error in choice A has been corrected. Both are phrase modifiers now. One is prepositional phrase modifier and the other is verb-ing modifier.

C. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losingSV Error – The main clause does not contain any verb. The subject “ski and snowboarding industry” does not have a verb. The verb “lost” in original sentence has been changed to non-verb form “losing”.

D. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry between 2000 and 2010, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losingSV Error – As in choice C.Modifier Error – The highlighted modifier instead of modifying the verb – lost - modifies the industry. It somehow implies that the sentence is about ski and snowboarding industry that existed between 2000 and 2010. This does not make sense. As such logically there is only one ski and snowboarding industry and not about the industry that was between a certain time period.

E. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost, between 2000 and 2010,Correct Choice

Take Away

1: Clause entity cannot be parallel to a phrase entity. There can be more than one ways to correct such a list. Write both in either phrase form or clause form. 2: Modifiers should be placed appropriately to modify the intended entity.

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Try this difficult question fresh from the e-GMAT bakery!After you have arrived at the correct answer, be sure to MARK the answer in the poll above.

Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost $1.07 billion in revenue, owing to the warming trend that forces half the nation’s ski areas to open late and almost half to close early.A. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lostB. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly between 2000 and 2010, lostC. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losingD. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry between 2000 and 2010, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losingE. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost, between 2000 and 2010,

C and D have no main verb , fragments so are out. B] between 2000 to 2010 is wrongly placed after employing xxxpeople suggesting that b/w yr 2000-10 18700 people where employedE] Placement of between 2000 to 2010 after lost makes the meaning ambiguous A] is the only one left. So have to go that. But I have a doubt ---the 'modifier 'with centers in 38 states (prep.phrase) and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly(clause)' doesn't follow a parallel sruture
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14 Jan 2013, 04:03

1

This post receivedKUDOS

IMO:E

Between 2000 and 2010( MISPLACED MODIFIER , CONFUSED MEANING AS IT SEEMS MODIFYING THE " THE $ 10.7 BILLION SKI & SNOWBOARDING INDUSTRY), the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states ( NONSENSICAL TO SAY WITH CENTERS IN 38 STATES) and which (IT SEEMS REFER TO STATES , BUT MEANING WISE IT SHOULD REFER TO INDUSTRY) employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost $1.07 billion in revenue, owing to the warming trend that forces half the nation’s ski areas to open late and almost half to close early.

A. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost (INCORRECT AS EXPLAINED IN ORIGINAL SENTENCE)B. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly between 2000 and 2010, lost (INCORRECT AS EXPLAINED IN ORIGINAL SENTENCE)C. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly,, losing ( MEANING CHANGED , NO VERB FOR SUBJECT " THE $ 10.7 BILLION SKI & SNOWBOARDING INDUSTRY ") (INCORRECT)D. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry between 2000 and 2010, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losing(MEANING CHANGED , NO VERB FOR SUBJECT " THE $ 10.7 BILLION SKI & SNOWBOARDING INDUSTRY ") (INCORRECT)E. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost, between 2000 and 2010,,(CORRECT)

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14 Jan 2013, 20:55

1

This post receivedKUDOS

A. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lostIncorrect placement of "which".B. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly between 2000 and 2010, lost"With centers" is not || with "employing"C. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losing"losing" creates a issue.It should have been a past tense D. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry between 2000 and 2010, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losingSame issue as "C".E. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost, between 2000 and 2010,This is correct in meaning as author wants to say that there was a loss between 2000-2010,so to clarify this is moves lost before the time frame so as to symbolize that loss was between 2000-2010._________________

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15 Jan 2013, 01:51

1

This post receivedKUDOS

I was down to A & E - but selected "A" for the reason below - now i think i am wrong - it should have been "E"

My analysis on option "A"

Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost $1.07 billion in revenue, owing to the warming trend that forces half the nation’s ski areas to open late and almost half to close early.

Subject: the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industryVerb: lost

-verbing modifier will modify the preceding clause, which in this case is the main clause"the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry lost $1.07 billion in revenue"

-- I totally missed this part - "with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly" - is not parallel

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My analysis on option "E"

The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost, between 2000 and 2010,$1.07 billion in revenue, owing to the warming trend that forces half the nation’s ski areas to open late and almost half to close early.

Subject: the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industryVerb: lost

-verbing modifier will modify the preceding clause, which in this case is the main clause"the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry lost $1.07 billion in revenue"

Subordinate clause - which has centers in 38 states and employs 187,000 people directly or indirectlySubject: which referes - the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industryverb : has centers & employs

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15 Jan 2013, 04:15

1

This post receivedKUDOS

boils down to A vs E

E has one apparent error

The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost, between 2000 and 2010,$1.07 billion in revenue, owing to the warming trend that forces half the nation’s ski areas to open late and almost half to close early.

What is between 2000-2010 doing after Verb LOST. It appears that 2000-2010 $$ are lost whereas the ACTUAL quantity $1.07 billion should be placed next to LostNOTE- between 2000 and 2010 is NOT followed by Year 2000-2010 (the actual intended meaning) . so ambiguity remains.

A seems fine except the modifier with the lack of // structure

,with centers in 38 states (prepositional ph.)and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly(relative/adj clause),But I guess since it is a modifier placed between comma we can ignore this

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Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost $1.07 billion in revenue, owing to the warming trend that forces half the nation’s ski areas to open late and almost half to close early.A. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lostB. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly between 2000 and 2010, lostC. Between 2000 and 2010, the $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and which employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losingD. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry between 2000 and 2010, with centers in 38 states and employing 187,000 people directly or indirectly, losingE. The $10.7 billion ski and snowboarding industry, which has centers in 38 states and employs 187,000 people directly or indirectly, lost, between 2000 and 2010,

Cool Question e-GMAT.Let me try on this one. Now I just woke up so please be easy on me if I am wrong!E. between 2000 and 2010 is awkwardly placed after lost. Not sure about E (cant find a concrete reason to discard it)D. D is not a complete sentence. The core of the sentence is "the ski and snowboarding industry losing revenue.C. Same error as D. C is also a fragment.B has a modifier error. I means that the industry emplys 187,000 people in the years 2000-10. That is not the intended meaning. In those years the industry lost revenue.A. Correct. No apparent errors._________________

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Most of you were able to reject choices BCD very easily. The conflict was really between choices A and E. This kind of scenario is pretty common for difficult questions.

The thing that threw you off was the placement of modifier "between 2000 and 2010" between a set of commas. Let's just look at the construction of main parts of choice E.

The ski and snowboarding industry lost, between 2000 and 2010, $1.07 billion in revenue. Basically we have two pieces of information for the verb "lost" - the when and the what?When has been answered by the modifier - between 2000 and 2010What has been answered by the phrase - $1.07 billion in revenueAnd in order to express these two bits of information, comma pair has been used to separate one information from another.

Now could we have written this in some other manner? Sure we could have. Here are the two ways in which we could have positioned this information:

1: The ski and snowboarding industry lost between 2000 and 2010 $1.07 billion in revenue. - Although there is nothing wrong with this construction, as a writer I feel more comfortable separating out the "between 2000 and 2010" within a comma pair. Such separation aids in better readability of the sentence.2: Between 2000 and 2010, the ski and snowboarding industry lost $1.07 billion in revenue. - This is similar to choice A. And we could have created an answer choice in which we corrected the parallelism error of choice A. But then you would not have learned such aspect about comma pairs!! And then the question would not have been truly 700+ level question.

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Most of you were able to reject choices BCD very easily. The conflict was really between choices A and E. This kind of scenario is pretty common for difficult questions.

The thing that threw you off was the placement of modifier "between 2000 and 2010" between a set of commas. Let's just look at the construction of main parts of choice E.

The ski and snowboarding industry lost, between 2000 and 2010, $1.07 billion in revenue. Basically we have two pieces of information for the verb "lost" - the when and the what?When has been answered by the modifier - between 2000 and 2010What has been answered by the phrase - $1.07 billion in revenueAnd in order to express these two bits of information, comma pair has been used to separate one information from another.

Now could we have written this in some other manner? Sure we could have. Here are the two ways in which we could have positioned this information:

1: The ski and snowboarding industry lost between 2000 and 2010 $1.07 billion in revenue. - Although there is nothing wrong with this construction, as a writer I feel more comfortable separating out the "between 2000 and 2010" within a comma pair. Such separation aids in better readability of the sentence.2: Between 2000 and 2010, the ski and snowboarding industry lost $1.07 billion in revenue. - This is similar to choice A. And we could have created an answer choice in which we corrected the parallelism error of choice A. But then you would not have learned such aspect about comma pairs!! And then the question would not have been truly 700+ level question.

Hope this helps.

Regards,

Shraddha

Shraddha, thanks so much for the detailed analysis!BTW is this sentence illogical?The science book, with a lot of pictorial illustration and which is written by Stephen Hawking was the reason I got into physics.
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Now here comes my personalized response to all of you who provided their analysis for this question.

I see some common themes in the response so I will spell those out here.

@dentobizz - you could figure out the parallelism error in choice A but you still marked choice A as the correct answer since you felt that the construction of choice E was not correct. I hope my explanation above helps you clarify that doubt.

@bluemints - You also could identify the parallelism error in choice A but like dentobizz you also marked choice A. Now you added one more comment in your analysis and that bothered me a bit - you cannot ignore a grammatical error in the portion of the sentence that is within the comma pair. Each and every part of the sentence should be grammatically and logically intact. I am not sure how you got this impression that you can ignore the portion of the sentence in the comma pair. Any thoughts?

@Moksh - You selected the correct answer. But your explanation for why choice A is wrong is not correct. There is nothing wrong with the placement of "Between 2000 and 2010" in choice A. It correctly modifies the action - lost.

@targetgmatchotu - likewise you also selected the correct answer. But your explanation for why choice A is wrong is not correct. There is nothing wrong with placement of "which" modifier. Notice the presence of "and" before which. This implies that this is part of the list of modifiers of the preceding noun - industry. Now your rationale would have been correct if "and" was not there in the sentence. Then "which" would have modified the preceding noun "states".

@debayan - I am glad you could arrive at the correct answer E. And thanks for including this post in your collection of e-GMAT articles. I would have loved to see your explanation for this question. In any case, please make sure that you review the official explanation for this question.

@kuttingchai - Great job at your analysis of choice A!

@souvik101990 - You could not find anything wrong with choice E since there isn't anything wrong with it. But yes definitely choice A has the parallelism error.

I hope I have not missed anyone else who gave a detailed response to this question.
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Shraddha, thanks so much for the detailed analysis!BTW is this sentence illogical?The science book, with a lot of pictorial illustration and which is written by Stephen Hawking was the reason I got into physics.

You are most welcome Souvik. First of all this sentence is not grammatically correct. The list is not parallel. Secondly, I would not say that it is illogical, but it does not communicate the message very clearly. Logically speaking one of Stephen Hawking book's that contained pictorial illustrations would be the reason the author got into Physics. Is that correct? Now that logical meaning is not communicated very well by this sentence.
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Shraddha, thanks so much for the detailed analysis!BTW is this sentence illogical?The science book, with a lot of pictorial illustration and which is written by Stephen Hawking was the reason I got into physics.

You are most welcome Souvik. First of all this sentence is not grammatically correct. The list is not parallel. Secondly, I would not say that it is illogical, but it does not communicate the message very clearly. Logically speaking one of Stephen Hawking book's that contained pictorial illustrations would be the reason the author got into Physics. Is that correct? Now that logical meaning is not communicated very well by this sentence.

Well 2 things!It would be exactly what you said if you used the article "a" instead of "the" in the opening of the sentence.The sentence mean The science book was the reason and the other stuffs are just additional info to the book I am talking about and not the reason behind being the reason.If I had said "a" I would mean its one of the books by stephen hawking with pictorial stuffs which would make no sense.But since I used "the" I am talking about a particular book. And "with pictorial illustrations" and "which is written by S. Hawking" are two things that describe the book and provides additional information. Yeah its wrong because they are not parallel. But I thought "the book with pictorial illustrations" and "the book which is written by S. Hawking" could be parallel.
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16 Jan 2013, 11:44

Quote:

@dentobizz - you could figure out the parallelism error in choice A but you still marked choice A as the correct answer since you felt that the construction of choice E was not correct. I hope my explanation above helps you clarify that doubt.

Hi Shraddha,Thanks for posting both challenging questions and the explanations But I still feel that Placement of 'between 2000 to 2010' after 'lost' makes the meaning ambiguous. LOST b/w 2000-2010 dollars?? people?? no quantifier is mentioned

if it were 'between the year 2000 to 2010' then it would have been clear.

That why I didn't choose E since I didn't feel it was the best option

Do we choose E just because the other 4 options are grammatically inaccurate?

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