Joseph Louis-Gay Lussac

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac was born in December 6, 1778 in Saint Leonard de Norblat in France. He was the eldest son of Antoine Gay. Antoine Gay was a judge at Point-de-Norblac and had acquired the name Lussac a small family property in a nearby town. Gay Lussac received his early education in his hometown of Saint- Leonard. Since an early age, Gay-Lussac had a curious interest in science. He was very talented probably because one of his grandfathers had been an author, and a few of his relative were notable figures in France.

In 1794, he was sent to Paris by his father in preparations for his further education in college. In 1797, after passing an admission examination, Gay Lussac was admitted into the University of Ecole Polytechnique. However, three years later, he was sent to Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees where he became a student and a research assistant to C. L Berthollet. Gay-Lussac was also appointed as the assistant to Antoine Francois Fourcroy in 1802. A while later, after Berthollet astonished by Lussac’s intelligence and science potential, Berthollet declared himself as the “father in science” to Gay-Lussac. In 1809, Gay-Lussac married Geneviève-Marie-Joseph Rojot who worked in a tailor’s shop. They had five children and the eldest son, Jules, became a laboratory assistant to Justus Liebig, a close friend to Gay-Lussac. In 1807, Gay Lussac became a member of the Socite d’ Arcueil. He became a Professor of chemistry at Ecole Polytechnique in 1809. However, Gay-Lussac kept alternating from being a chemistry professor, to being a professor of physics. As a highlight of his successful career, Gay-Lussac was elected into the Haute Vienne chamber of deputies in France in 1839. Gay-Lussac was involved in numerous scientific researches and studies. His studies included capillary action, hygrometry, properties of gases, and standard measurement of alcohol content in beverages. He worked with Pierre Simon Laplace, a close French chemist, while researching the laws of capillarity. They both made publications, and also collaborated in many researches afterwards. Although Gay-Lussac is not accredited with the study of hygrometry nor the device itself, his involvement with the atmosphere prompted him to publish his ideas and observations concerning hygrometry. A formal request to Gay-Lussac to study the effects of increasing altitude on the Earth’s magnetic field took him to the skies. In 1804, together with Jean Baptiste Biot, Gay-Lussac ascended in a hydrogen balloon in order to collect data samples of air. He also had the opportunity to investigate the composition of air at various altitudes. After testing the air samples at his laboratory, he concluded that altitude was not a determining factor in the strengthening or the weakening of Earth’s magnetic field. Gay-Lussac also found out that the composition of the different gases in air to be constant at different altitudes despite the fact that he had a headache about twenty thousand feet off the ground. Gay-Lussac’s next major study was the measuring alcohol(ethanol) concentration in alcoholic beverages. He developed an alcohol by volume standard measurement by mainly using units of volume. This standard measure showed how much alcohol was contained in an alcohol beverage by dividing the amount of alcohol (ethanol) by the volume of the alcohol beverage. The result (ABV) was finally expressed as a percentage. The percent-expression proved useful globally since all kinds of capacity units (such as litres and gallons) could be used without necessary conversion. The alchol-by-volume standard measurement has been used since his times till now. Two years after his magnetic field experiment in a hydrogen balloon, Gay-Lussac discovered the relationship between the pressure and temperature of a gas while researching on the thermal expansion of gases. He...

...JosephGay-Lussac was a French chemist and physicist, born at St. Léonard, in the department of Haute Vienne, on the 6th of December 1778. He was the elder son of Antoine Gay, procureur du roi and judge at Pont-de-Noblac, who assumed the name Lussac from a small property he had in the neighborhood of St. Léonard. Young Gay-Lussac received his early education at home under the direction of the abbé Bourdieux and other masters, and in 1794 was sent to Paris to prepare for the École Polytechnique, into which he was admitted at the end of 1797 after a brilliant examination. Three years later he was transferred to the École des Ponts et Chaussées, and shortly afterwards was assigned to C. L. Berthollet, who wanted an able student to help in his researches. The new assistant scarcely came up to expectations in respect of confirming certain theoretical views of his master's by the experiments set him to that end, and appears to have stated the discrepancy without reserve; but Berthollet nevertheless quickly recognized the ability displayed, and showed his appreciation not only by desiring to be Gay-Lussac's "father in science", but also by making him in 1807 an original member of the Socité d'Arcueil. In 1802 he was appointed demonstrator to Antoine François Fourcroy at the École Polytechnique, where subsequently (1809) he became professor of chemistry, and from 1808 to...

...1802 - Gay-Lussac first formulated the law, Gay-Lussac's Law, stating that if the mass and pressure of a gas are held constant then gas volume increases linearly as the temperature rises. This is sometimes written as V = k T, where k is a constant dependent on the type, mass, and pressure of the gas and T is temperature on an absolute scale. (In terms of the ideal gas law, k = n R / P.)
▪ 1804 - He and Jean-Baptiste Biot made a hot-air balloon ascent to a height of 6.4 kilometres in an early investigation of the Earth's atmosphere. He wanted to collect samples of the air at different heights to record differences in temperature and moisture.
▪ 1805 - Together with his friend and scientific collaborator Alexander von Humboldt, he discovered that the composition of the atmosphere does not change with decreasing pressure (increasing altitude). They also discovered that water is formed by two parts of hydrogen and one part of oxygen (by volume).
▪ 1808 - He was the co-discoverer of boron.
▪ 1810 - In collaboration with Louis Thenard, he developed a method for quantitative elemental analysis by measuring the CO2 and O2 evolved by reaction with potassium chlorate.
▪ 1811 - Gay-Lussac recognized iodine as a new element, described its properties, and suggested the name iode.[1]
▪ 1824 - He developed an improved version of the burette that included a side arm, and coined the terms...

...The Supreme Court is set to confront the issue of gay marriage for the first time in 40 years in two cases set for argument in late March. Same-sex couples are asking the justices to strike down California's Proposition 8, which banned gay marriage in the state just six months after a court ruled that preventing gays and lesbians from marrying was unconstitutional. In a second case, a New York City widow is urging the court to strike down the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which limits federal benefits for same-sex couples. Edith Windsor had to pay a $363,000 federal tax bill on her late wife's estate that would not have been levied on an opposite-sex spouse. The Obama administration says both laws are unconstitutional. House Republicans stepped into the Windsor case to defend DOMA. Court watchers say the justices are likely to be closely divided along conservative-liberal lines, with Justice Anthony M. Kennedy widely seen as having the pivotal vote on the nine-member bench.The Supreme Court is set to confront the issue of gay marriage for the first time in 40 years in two cases set for argument in late March. Same-sex couples are asking the justices to strike down California's Proposition 8, which banned gay marriage in the state just six months after a court ruled that preventing gays and lesbians from marrying was unconstitutional. In a second case, a New York City widow is...

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GUEST’S Dance Agreement
The purpose of this agreement is two-fold. The first and foremost purpose is to promote a safe, clean, and fun environment at school dances, wherever they take place. The second purpose is to assure parents that their students are in the dance location during the prescribed hours. All regular school rules apply to behavior at all dances.
1. This contract must be completely filled out and submitted at the time of ticket purchase.
2. PLHS STUDENTS MUST BRING Guest Current Photo ID Copy when purchasing dance tickets.
3. All GUESTS MUST SHOW Photo ID to be admitted to the dance. All guests must read, sign, and return this dance contract at the time of ticket purchase. The PLHS student is responsible for informing his/her guest of the requirement for PHOTO ID. NO ID, NO ENTRANCE to the dance.
4. TICKETS ARE NOT REFUNDABLE, NON TRANSFERABLE, and may not be resold. These actions VOID the ticket.
5. GUETS MUST ARRIVE, with PLHS Student, at on-campus dances no later than 8:30 pm, to ASB dances no later than 9:00 pm, and for the Senior Prom no later than 9:30 pm. Once admitted, students and guests MUST remain until ½ hour before the conclusion of the dance. If a student needs to leave early from any dance, special arrangements MUST be made with the vice principal at least one day PRIOR to the dance. NO arrangements can be made at the dance.
6. Students and guests attending the dance may expect to have a “friendly frisk” prior to...

...A. Documentation
We went to a “gay event” called KaVogue on August 18, 2013 organized and staged by ESA students in Area 05 in Tomas Morato, Quezon City. It’s a fund-raiser with proceeds intended to be donated to the Home for the Golden Gays, a Home for aging gay men who call themselves the “Golden Gays”, probably inspired by the long-running sitcom, the Golden Girls. The event started at 9 PM with entrance fee costing Php 300 per person. The event title is reminiscent of a Filipino gay lingo term “kabog” meaning ostentatious, a trait associated to the more flamboyant set of gay men and can also be associated with “Vogue”, a known fashion magazine that showcases avant-garde but oftentimes outlandish and out of this world apparel and accessories.
Gay men are more prominently recognized in the fashion industry, especially in high fashion, where they are known for their creativity, showmanship and theatrics. The show started late, “Filipino time”. Inside the venue, the place was barely filled with people. The place was a large room with high-ceiling, right and left wings, in one corner of the room is a bar which displayed all sorts of liquors where people could order drinks and food and a lounging area was located on the adjacent side. It was dark but there was enough lighting to cover the stage and the runway situated at the center of the room. There were roughly a hundred...

...Joseph-Louis Lagrange
Joseph-Louis Lagrange was born on January 25, 1736 in Turin, Sardinia-Piedmont (which is now known as Italy). He studied at the College of Turin where his favorite subject was classic Latin. After reading Halley's 1693 work on the use of algebra in optics Lagrange became very interested in mathematics and astronomy. Unfortunately for Lagrange he did not have the benefit of studying with the leading mathematicians, so he became self-motivated and was self-taught. Then in 1754 he got the opportunity to publish his first mathematical work, which was an analogy between the binomial theorem and the successive derivatives of the product functions. Lagrange sent some of his works to Euler and impressed him greatly. Euler was so overcome that by his work that he appointed Lagrange professor of mathematics at the Royal Artillery School in Turin. Then in 1756 he was elected to the Berlin Academy. This then led Lagrange being a founding member of what would eventually become the Royal Academy of Science in Turin. In 1766, Lagrange accepted Euler's position as the director of the Berlin Academy. While director of the academy Lagrange produced some of his greatest work. In 1772 he shared a prize with Euler on the three body problems. Two years later he won a prize on the motion of the moon, and then in 1780 he won a prize on perturbations of the orbits of comets by the planets. Lagrange was made a member...

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Etymology
Epidemiology (Occurrence)
The frequency depends on the incidence of natural disasters and environmental trauma, e.g. earthquakes.
In local areas where there are epidemics of viral myositis (muscle inflammation)
In urban areas with a high incidence of drug and alcohol abuse
Causes little or no death unless it is associated with the secondary complications of rhabdomyolysis, including hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, and acute kidney injury
It tends to affect males more than females because of the former group's predisposition to trauma and participation in strenuous physical exercise.
In a recent large retrospective review, the median age was 11 years. The leading cause of rhabdomyolysis in the 0-9 year age range was viral myositis, whereas the leading diagnosis in the 9-18 year age range was trauma.
Signs and Symptoms
The urine appears dark or burgundy.
There is pain and tenderness in the affected muscles.
There may be weakness of the damaged muscles.
Renal failure
Biochemical Disorder (brief description and explanation using concepts in biochemistry, cell biology, and or genetics
Rhabdomyolysis can be defined as a clinical syndrome associated with the breakdown of skeletal muscle fibres and myocyte cell membranes, leading to release of muscle contents into the circulation, resulting in multiple complications, including HYPERLINK "http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/hyperkalaemia" hyperkalaemia. It is a medical emergency and can lead to cardiac...