(ABC News) - Venezuela's largest food distributor on Thursday denounced the government occupation of a Caracas warehouse amid accusations that the company is hoarding goods.

Soldiers took over the warehouse complex used by Empresas Polar late Wednesday just as Venezuela's federation of brewers announced that Polar's beer manufacturing subsidiary is shutting two of its six plants because of a lack of imported barley.

The South American oil-exporting nation is grappling with chronic shortages of all kinds of staples from sugar to toilet paper, which businesses blame on the socialist government's economic policies.

President Nicolas Maduro has accused Polar of sabotaging the economy by hoarding goods and intentionally creating shortages, a charge the company denies. As December congressional elections approach, Maduro has been levying frequent attacks on sectors that he claims are staging an economic war against Venezuelans.

Workers said the takeover was intended to provide land for new houses, another resource that has become scarce in Caracas in recent years, pushing people to live in shacks in the hills outside the city.

Member of national guard patrols a supermarket in Caracas. (Bloomberg)

Photographer: Juan Barreto/AFP via Getty Images

Polar executive Manuel Felipe Larrazabal asked the administration to reconsider the occupation, saying it had already paralyzed the company's supply chain in the capital.

"We're not questioning the desire to build homes, which are so necessary, but we wonder why there is this need to disrupt active industrial facilities," he said Thursday.

The Ministry of Housing declined to comment on the takeover of the complex, which is also used by several other large companies, including PepsiCo Inc. and Nestle SA.

Some of the 650 employees that Polar said work at the warehouse protested against the seizure as armed police looked on. Government supporters staged a counter-demonstration outside the complex. By nightfall, the crowds had mostly gone home.

It has been a rough couple of weeks for Polar.

In addition to the beer plant closures, which the brewers' federation said could affect a quarter of domestic beer production, Polar has also been embroiled in a dispute with union workers demanding pay raises.

Members of some of the dozens of unions representing Polar workers have limited distribution of the small bottles of light beer that are favored in Venezuela. While there are no signs of shortages on shelves so far, the company says it is struggling to get deliveries to the central part of the country.

Earlier this month, the head of Venezuela's liquor store federation warned that the nation was about to run out of beer because brewers had reached "zero hour" amid widespread shortages in raw materials. Days later, he was detained for reasons that remain unclear.

Polls suggest most Venezuelans are not buying Maduro's economic war narrative. On Thursday, residents of the humble homes around the warehouse complex came out to show support for Polar and its employees.

Luis Ignacio Moreno said the housing situation is dire, but there is no need to pit one group's needs against another's.

"I want them to build, but not to drive Polar out. That's where a lot of my neighbors work," he said.

United States - Dear Leader Obama starves the Kurds of weapons to fight ISIS while arming Islamists in Syria.

Turkey - Backing ISIS as a weapon against the Kurds.

Saudi Arabia - Backing ISIS in their religious war against Iran.

The Kurds - Just trying to survive after being fucked over by everyone.

(Associated Press) — Just when it seemed Turkey was getting serious about the fight against IS, it has turned its military focus to pounding its old foe: the Kurdish rebels.In Turkey's Kurdish heartland, the government's renewed military onslaught against the rebels has left many people crying treachery — with suspicions rife that Turkey used a brief offensive against IS as a cover to launch a broad attack against the Kurdistan Workers Party, or PKK. Many Kurds also are venting frustration against the United States, accusing Washington of turning a blind eye to Turkish attacks on the Kurds in exchange for logistical support on IS.

"We are used to this. Kurds have witnessed betrayal for centuries" said Axin Bro, a musician. "National powers use us for their own ends."

The U.S. had welcomed Turkey's air assault last week on the Islamic State group, along with its decision to open air bases for American sorties, as a sign that Turkey had dropped its reluctance to fight the extremist group. Since then, the jets taking off from this city in Kurdish-dominated lands have been hitting PKK targets in northern Iraq.

Turkish jets again pounded PKK targets in northern Iraq in an operation Thursday that lasted two and a half hours, a government official said.

The mayor of Diyarbakir said distrust is growing toward both the government and the U.S.

"People here see that there have been several weak operations against IS while there have been repeated operations against Kurds both politically and militarily," Gultan Kisanak said in an interview. She said many constituents are asking whether there was a tacit deal between Turkey and the U.S. — for the U.S. to look the other way on Kurdish operations in exchange for access to Turkish air bases.

Sanders, participating in a forum for presidential candidates hosted by the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of Commerce on Thursday, said there's a reason why Wall Street and all of corporate America likes immigration reform.

"What I think they are interested in is seeing a process by which we can bring low-wage labor of all levels into this country to depress wages in America and I strongly disagree with that," said Sanders who is seeking the Democratic presidential nomination.

With high unemployment rates for high school-age kids in America - 36 percent for Hispanics - "I frankly do not believe we should be bringing in significant numbers of unskilled workers to compete with those kids. I want to see these kids get jobs," Sanders said.

Sanders' views on immigration have made some immigration activists uncomfortable, particularly the view that immigrants take Americans' jobs.

"There's such a thing as illegal employers as well," Sanders said. "People do not come over the border and get jobs without the full expectation their employers understand exactly what's going on, pay them under the table and in fact exploit them," he said. "I find it interesting that my law-and-order friends, politicians, ignore that simple reality."

(The Long War Journal) - A fighter from the Caucaus Emirate in Syria, an al Qaeda-affiliated group, released a photo showing ownership of a US-made BGM-71 anti-tank missile. It is unclear when or where the photograph was taken, but it is likely recent and taken in northern Syria. A note card reading “Imarat Kavkaz” or “Caucasus Emirate” in Chechen can be seen in the foreground.

The Caucasus Emirate in Syria was formed when the former emir of Jaish al Muhajireen wal Ansar (Army of Emigrants and Helpers), Salahuddin Shishani, was removed from his post along with his deputy, Abdul Karim Krymsky, last month. Shishani announced his pledge to Muhammad Abu Usman, the new leader of the Caucasus Emirate, in a short video that was released by Akhbar Sham, a Russian-language website that previously promoted Jaish al Muhajireen wal Ansar’s activities and leaders in Syria.

However, according to From Chechnya to Syria, a website that tracks Russian-speaking jihadists in Syria, it is not a new organization; rather, it is the same group in Syria that had sworn allegiance to the Caucasus Emirate, only now independent from Jaish al Muhajireen wal Ansar.

Thursday, July 30, 2015

"ISIS commanders told us to fear nothing at all because there was full cooperation with the Turks.".

This is just the tip of the top secret CIA iceberg. I have been blogging about this from day one. Expensive weapons and the cash to run wars do not appear by magic. I have seen evidence from the start that the U.S. has been arming the Islamists through the CIA using our Islamist allies Turkey, Saudi Arabia and the UAE as fronts.

(REUTERS/Umit Bektas) - An ISIS fighter walks near a black flag belonging to the Islamic State as a Turkish army vehicle takes position near the Syrian town of Kobani, as pictured from the Turkish-Syrian border near the southeastern town of Suruc, Sanliurfa province, October 7, 2014.A US-led raid on the compound housing the Islamic State's "chief financial officer" produced evidence that Turkish officials directly dealt with ranking ISIS members, Martin Chulov of the Guardian reported recently.

Documents and flash drives seized during the Sayyaf raid reportedly revealed links "so clear" and "undeniable" between Turkey and ISIS "that they could end up having profound policy implications for the relationship between us and Ankara," senior Western official familiar with the captured intelligence told the Guardian.

I am sure the mountains of weapons shipped into Syria by the CIA and our Islamist allies Saudi Arabia and Turkey had nothing at all to do with the rise of ISIS. That would be "crazy" talk.

NATO member Turkey has long been accused by experts, Kurds, and even Joe Biden of enabling ISIS by turning a blind eye to the vast smuggling networks of weapons and fighters during the ongoing Syrian war.

The move by the ruling AKP party was apparently part of ongoing attempts to trigger the downfall of Syrian President Bashar Assad's regime.

Ankara officially ended its loose border policy last year, but not before its southern frontier became a transit point for cheap oil, weapons, foreign fighters, and pillaged antiquities.

In November, a former ISIS member told Newsweek that the group was essentially given free rein by Turkey's army.

"ISIS commanders told us to fear nothing at all because there was full cooperation with the Turks," the fighter said. "ISIS saw the Turkish army as its ally especially when it came to attacking the Kurds in Syria."

But as the alleged arrangements progressed, Turkey allowed the group to establish a major presence within the country — and created a huge problem for itself.

"The longer this has persisted, the more difficult it has become for the Turks to crack down [on ISIS] because there is the risk of a counter strike, of blowback," Jonathan Schanzer, a former counterterrorism analyst for the US Treasury Department, explained to Business Insider in November.

"You have a lot of people now that are invested in the business of extremism in Turkey," Schanzer added. "If you start to challenge that, it raises significant questions of whether" the militants, their benefactors, and other war profiteers would tolerate the crackdown."

A Western diplomat, speaking to The Wall Street Journal in February, expressed a similar sentiment: "Turkey is trapped now — it created a monster and doesn’t know how to deal with it."

Ankara had begun to address the problem in earnest — arresting 500 suspected extremists over the past six months as they crossed the border and raiding the homes of others — when an ISIS-affiliated suicide bomber killed 32 activists in Turkey's southeast on July 20.

Turks subsequently took to the streets to protest the government policies they felt had enabled the attack.

A true Leftist would naturally oppose open borders in order to protect the jobs and income of the working class from endless waves of immigration.

But Bernie is a bit off saying open borders is a right-wing thing. Wall Street has bought off both political parties in order to flood the nation with cheap labor and fuck over American citizens. Also as a "bonus" Leftists deliberately want to turn America into a third world nation through immigration.

(Vox.com) - When Sen. Bernie Sanders launched his presidential campaign, few treated it as a serious challenge to Hillary Clinton. Sanders, after all, isn’t even a Democrat: He’s a "democratic socialist." But his campaign struck a chord. He’s raised more than $15 million, primarily from small donors, and he’s turning out the largest crowds of the presidential race. But amidst all the media attention given to Sanders’s rapid political rise, there’s not been that much exploration of what he actually believes.

So on July 16, Vox sat down with Sanders for a wide-ranging interview about his policy ideas and political theories. The discussion touched on everything from single payer to open borders to Zionism, but it began with perhaps the best-known but least-understood facet of Sanders’s political philosophy: his self-identification as a socialist. A transcript of the conversation, edited for length and clarity, follows.

Ezra Klein

You said being a democratic socialist means a more international view. I think if you take global poverty that seriously, it leads you to conclusions that in the US are considered out of political bounds. Things like sharply raising the level of immigration we permit, even up to a level of open borders. About sharply increasing ...

Bernie Sanders

Open borders? No, that's a Koch brothers proposal.

Ezra Klein

Really?

Bernie Sanders

Of course. That's a right-wing proposal, which says essentially there is no United States. ...

Ezra Klein

But it would make ...

Bernie Sanders

Excuse me ...

Ezra Klein

It would make a lot of global poor richer, wouldn't it?

Bernie Sanders

It would make everybody in America poorer —you're doing away with the concept of a nation state, and I don't think there's any country in the world that believes in that. If you believe in a nation state or in a country called the United States or UK or Denmark or any other country, you have an obligation in my view to do everything we can to help poor people. What right-wing people in this country would love is an open-border policy. Bring in all kinds of people, work for $2 or $3 an hour, that would be great for them. I don't believe in that. I think we have to raise wages in this country, I think we have to do everything we can to create millions of jobs.

You know what youth unemployment is in the United States of America today? If you're a white high school graduate, it's 33 percent, Hispanic 36 percent, African American 51 percent. You think we should open the borders and bring in a lot of low-wage workers, or do you think maybe we should try to get jobs for those kids?

I think from a moral responsibility we've got to work with the rest of the industrialized world to address the problems of international poverty, but you don't do that by making people in this country even poorer.

ABernie is Partly RightSanders comes at income inequality from a Socialist point of view and ignores other aspects of the issue..As a true Conservative I see many businessmen for what they really are: crooked predators. Just because some asshole puts on a businessman's three-piece suite does not make him a saint. Big business uses their money to buy and sell politicians in order to get special tax breaks, government contracts or open borders for cheap labor. .Many big businesses love to have everyone else pick up the tax bill for police, schools or the military while they avoid supporting the system..I believe in free enterprise, not corrupt crony capitalism that is gaming the system for their own ends.

(Mirror) - Flying to the moon could take just FOUR hours thanks to a British invention that uses solar power to produce thrust.

The EM Drive, which has been compared to the impulse drive in Star Trek, was developed almost 15 years by British boffin Roger Shawyer but was originally mocked as being impossible.

Experts at NASA have since climbed down and admitted they believe it works while a scientist in Germany has been able to show how the invention produces thrust.

The EM Drive propulsion engine

Martin Tajmar, professor and chair for Space Systems at the Dresden University of Technology, presented his work at the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics' Propulsion and Energy Forum, saying: "Our test campaign cannot confirm or refute the claims of the EM Drive but intends to independently assess possible side-effects in the measurements methods used so far.

"Nevertheless, we do observe thrust close to the actual predictions after eliminating many possible error sources that should warrant further investigation into the phenomena.

It is believed the EM Drive works by using solar power to generate multiple microwaves that are held in an enclosed chamber and move back and forth.

Basically, the drive converts electrical energy into thrust without the need for rocket fuel.

Dr Harold White at the Johnson Space Center has also done theoretical testing on the invention and thinks it could work.

The EM Drive has been compared to the Impulse Drive on board the Starship Enterprise in Star Trek, but continues to baffle experts as it goes against the principles of physics that state if something is moving forward there must be a force pushing in the other direction.

(Infowars) - Former English Defense League leader Tommy Robinson was reportedly re-arrested by police in the United Kingdom to prevent him from attending a meeting involving the organizers of a ‘draw Mohammad’ cartoon contest, a shocking illustration of how offending Muslims is being treated as a thought crime.

British police refused to deny the sensational claim, first made by left-wing activist group Hope Not Hate, that Robinson had been, “returned to prison for breach of license (for a conviction for mortgage fraud) in what appeared to be an attempt by the authorities to prevent him from getting in the cartoon plot.”

When contacted byBreitbart Londonthe National Probation Service did not distance itself from the allegation and said in a statement, “Public protection is our priority. Offenders on licence are subject to strict conditions and are liable to be recalled to custody if they breach them.”

Although aseparate claimmade by the left-wing group, that Robinson and others were planning to start a “civil war” in the UK by distributing Mohammad cartoons in Muslim areas, was subsequently debunked, it is important to emphasize that Robinson himself believes that the police arrested him because they (mistakenly) thought he would be attending a meeting related to the draw Mohammad event.

“I believe they kept me in to prevent me attending a meeting on the 23rd,” tweeted Robinson in response to being asked by someone if the Breitbart article was true.

Wednesday, July 29, 2015

Both open borders parties support the screwing over of American citizens, and there is nothing we can do to stop them. Say goodbye to the America that you knew.

By Gary;

It has been decided for you.

The Elites of Wall Street, the GOP and the Democrats have decided to do everything in their power to destroy the American middle class.

The most recent story has illegals outnumbering American unemployed by 11 million to 9 million. The horrible truth is far worse with illegals running closer to 30 million and "legal" immigrants in the millions more.

Bottom line this. Conservative, liberal, Republican, Democrat - it all means nothing. This immigration insanity is an act of bipartisan gang rape, and honestly no one is going to stop it. America as we knew it is doomed.

A financially independent Donald Trump might address these issues, but I still don't think Trump's campaign is serious. At this point I put his campaign as a "bucket list" item.

Bipartisan Open Borders Immigration

The Democrats are living a Leftist wet-dream fantasy of aborting the native population and replacing American citizens with the citizens of foreign nations.

The open borders GOP is the greatest evil. On the orders of their Wall Street Masters the GOP sold out the American people to import millions of legal and illegal aliens to drive down wages.

The Republicans talk as if they have no control over anything. Someone else is in charge, not us. But the GOP has controlled the House for 16 out of 20 years and the Senate and White House for many other years. Most of the 30 million plus aliens came in on their watch.

Together the one Republicrat Party that rules American has decided the fate of Americans - extinction. We are to be replaced by the citizens of foreign nations.

Bipartisan Open Borders "Free" Trade

Say goodbye to middle class jobs. Backed by a Democrat Congress, Republican George H.W. Bush pushed through the NAFTA "free trade". Since then millions of manufacturing jobs have vanished.

Now it is reversed. We have a Democrat President, backed by a GOP Congress, ramming through the top secret Obamatrade bill that no one is allowed to read. This treaty will kill what is left of the American worker.

No American can compete with Vietnamese Communists who work for $150 a month. That is why Nike moved their factories to Communist Vietnam years ago. The Communists work with Nike to make sure labor unions do not form and wages are kept low.

Right now only 39% of U.S. youth have jobs. That future of unemployment and poverty is what both parties want for you . . . . and you Sheeple voters keep voting for the same bastards who are screwing you.

Jobs - The Issue of Our Time

Both parties are working together to import countless legal foreigners to replace American citizen workers. Add in the endless millions of illegal aliens allowed in over the decades and you see why wages are trend downward and permanent unemployment trending up.

Frankly neither party has any interest in changing the system, and because Wall Street funds both parties there is a financial incentive to make it worse.

Thanks to the GOP and the Dems you can say goodbye to middle class jobs and hello to a future of increasing American poverty. . . . but I can guarantee that you Sheeple will still vote for the same collection of scumbags because that have that magic "R" or "D" after their names.

(RT News) - Pictures of a gift shop in northern Iraq selling a whole range of souvenirs with Islamic State logo on them have emerged on social media, suggesting the extremist group has made yet another step to becoming a full-fledged state with relevant attributes and functions.Following the recent publication of a tourist guide on its realm, the terrorist group Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS/ISIL) is providing the on the ground infrastructure that a potential sightseeing traveler would expect from a major city. Images appearing in Arabic social media on Sunday show a souvenir shop in Mosul filled with IS black flags, baseball caps and clothing featuring the group’s logo.Side by side with them Kalashnikov assault rifles can be seen, as well as gun accessories and swords similar to those used in some of the notorious execution videos that IS frequently releases.Mosul is the de-facto Iraqi capital of Islamic state. The lightning-strike seizure of the city in the summer 2014 provided the previously relatively unknown group with a few billion dollars of cash stored in local banks and a large arsenal of US-provided weapons, including tanks and helicopter gunships that the fleeing Iraqi army left behind.

IS declared itself a state shortly afterwards, a claim that was internationally rejected as ludicrous. In a year that past since then the entity that sprawls across a great part of Syria and Iraq has become relatively state-ish, producing a functioning bureaucracy to back its fighters in the field. It’s a brutal authority that expels or slaughters those it sees unfit, but it has found things to offer the subjugated population.

The militants for example maintain a form of social security, covering damages sustained from warfare – either from its own fighters requisitioning vehicles and other resources or suffered from airstrikes of the US-led coalition.

“One thing I’ve repeatedly heard from Syrian refugees is that ISIL moves very quick to restore basic services and provide compensations to civilians whose property has been damaged by the coalition airstrikes. There is a wide-spread perception in the contested areas of Syria that coalition airstrikes are doing more damage to civilians than they are to ISIL targets,” Mara Revkin, political science PhD student at Yale University, told RT.

IS has voiced plans of introducing its own currency. The group brings not only the back-to-basics version of Islam for its ideology, but also a large skill pool of former Baathist functionaries, who saw their livelihoods hurt under the US-backed Shiite government and are making a bid for a comeback as part of IS. Former Saddam officials provide the talent for Islamists’ military HQs and civilian administrations.

“This is a group that is absolutely committed to developing a state, expanding their state, so this is not merely symbolic. It’s both in developments and it is also a state that’s on a continuous war-time footing, fighting a war on multiple fronts, so I think it’s much better understood as an ongoing revolutionary organization,” Andrew March, associate professor of political science at Yale told RT.

Keeping the machine running costs, and IS group’s budget is estimated to get up to $100 million in revenue. A large portion of it comes from smuggling oil through Turkey or Iraq. Taking toll from passing caravans trafficking illegal goods is another one. A big chunk comes from squeezing wealthy people by kidnapping them and holding for ransom and other forms of raiding.

“Islamic State has built an empire, functioning as both a company and a state: selling oil and trafficking precious art while building a formidable army,” Middle East political analyst Catherine Shakdam told RT.

Companies were able to transfer the monies from the main banks in Iraq to banks in the regions controlled by the Islamic State despite the supposedly strict security measures the Iraqi government says it has taken in order to stranglehold the terror organization militarily and financially.

A member of the committee, Haitham El-Jabouri, told Al Araby Al Jadeed, a UK-based news outlet, the committee made requests to the banks to provide them with the names of the companies that sent the monies, but the requests were refused.

However, members of the committee succeeded via alternative sources to obtain the names of the banks as well as the companies transferring the money.

El-Jabouri added most of the initial deposits are being made by smugglers or professional financiers who manipulate money markets.

Just as the companies that transfer the monies are making tremendous profits, it is assumed the banks themselves are also cashing in.

Amin Baker, a member of the Judicial Committee in the parliament said 15 companies that transfer money were identified as being involved in the funding. Baker said the trail of money leads to Jordanian banks that initiate the transfers to Iraqi banks. The chain continues, he explained, through a number of institutions (banks and companies that transfer funds) until it reaches the Islamic State.

A number of institutions that contribute to the transfer of large sums of money to the Islamic State in Mosul or Kirkuk charge a minimum $600,000 in monthly fees for their services.

(The Intercept) - Civil libertarians are worried about an increasingly common form of domestic surveillance that has nothing to do with listening to your phone calls or reading your emails; it has to do with looking through your garbage.

Municipalities across the United States are implementing intrusive methods of monitoring the stuff people throw away as part of a push to increase efficiency and conformity to recycling rules. But the end result is that some garbage trucks now have the ability to record the contents of your trash cans on video to inspect each object.

“This kind of automated garbage monitoring raises very serious privacy concerns,” the American Civil Liberties Union warned in a press release on Friday. “While encouraging residents to recycle is commendable, any program involving the government’s systematic monitoring of citizens crosses a line. The contents of your trash can be surprisingly revealing.”

Residents in several Wisconsin cities are already subject to the new video monitoring practice. In Seattle, where garbage men can visually inspect garbage and levy fines on bad recyclers, residents are suing the city for violating their privacy.

There are also digital methods of tracking people’s garbage. In some cities, trash cans are monitored with RFID devices (Radio-Frequency Identification); the chips are attached to the bins, so that computers inside trash trucks can determine and record their movements. In Charlotte, N. C., collectors monitor the chips to “track and manage cart inventory,” and determine who is actually putting their recycling bin out on the curb. Dayton, Ohio, has been tracking trash can locations since 2010, and residents who recycle are eligible for a cash prize. In Cleveland, if the chip shows a recyclable cart hasn’t been brought to the curb in weeks, a trash supervisor can sort through the trash and impose a $100 fine if the regular trash has more than 10 percent recyclable material — although no fines have yet been levvied.

Police have used trash to gather evidence on suspects for years. In a 2010 issue of Police Chief, a trade magazine for law enforcement, one article urges officers to use trash cans that are “moved from a house and to the street for disposal” as “fair game for anyone — even the police — to take it away for inspection.” The authors of the article suggest that people very often leave behind incriminating evidence in their trash unsuspectingly, and have no reasonable expectation of privacy once the trash hits the curb.

If law enforcement officers could access the garbage truck cameras, they would not even have to visit the property and seize the trash.

According to Sonia Roubini, who researched the trash surveillance programs for the ACLU by compiling news articles about the programs, most cities contract with large companies to acquire bins, garbage trucks, and sometimes the cameras or RFID chips. She said she was surprised at how few reports about the programs expressed any sort of concern for privacy. “Most of the reporting that I found on RFID usage in trash collection were either praising programs for their innovative approach to encouraging recycling, or very briefly alluding to the potential privacy implications,” she wrote in an email.

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GEORGE WASHINGTON

Founder of our Federal Republic

John Adams

Founding Federalist President

Federalist Party

For a stong, but limited Constitutional Republic

Jonathan Dayton, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Captain in the Continental Army. Battles of Brandywine Creek, Germantown and Yorktown. Continental Congressman, Constitutional Convention, Federalist Speaker of the House of Representatives and U.S. Senator from New Jersey. Dayton was falsely arrested for treason by order of a power mad Thomas Jefferson in the phony show-trial of Aaron Burr.

Daniel Morgan, Federalist

Brigadier General in the Continental Army, Battles of Quebec, Freeman's Farm, Bemis Heights, Cowpens, and the Whiskey Rebellion. Federalist Congressman from Virginia. Disgusted with Jeffersonian Democrat-Republicans he called them "a parsall of egg-sucking dogs."

Thomas Mifflin, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Major general in the Continental Army, First Quartermaster General, Continental Congressman, President of the Continental Congress, President of the United States in Congress Assembled, Constitutional Convention, President of Pennsylvania, Federalist Governor of Pennsylvania.

Samuel Chase, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Member of the Continental Congress, signed the Declaration of Independence. Chief Justice of the Maryland General Court. Appointed by George Washington to the Supreme Court. Impeached by order of a power mad Thomas Jefferson in an attempt to intimidate the independent Federal Courts. Found innocent in a Senate trial fairly presided over by Vice President Aaron Burr.

Edmund Randolph, Federalist

Joined the Continental Army as aide-de-camp to General George Washington. Continental Congress. Introduced the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention. 1st United States Attorney General and 2nd United States Secretary of State under Washington. Governor of Virginia. Defense counsel for Vice President Aaron Burr in the phony treason trial ordered by a power mad Thomas Jefferson.

Theodore Sedgwick, Federalist

Major in the Continental Army, Battle of White Plains and the Invasion of Canada. Federalist Speaker of the House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. Early anti-slavery activist.

About Me

"Stood in firelight, sweltering. Bloodstain on chest like map of violent new continent. Felt cleansed. Felt dark planet turn under my feet and knew what cats know that makes them scream like babies in night.
Looked at sky through smoke heavy with human fat and God was not there. The cold, suffocating dark goes on forever and we are alone. Live our lives, lacking anything better to do. Devise reason later. Born from oblivion; bear children, hell-bound as ourselves, go into oblivion. There is nothing else.
Existence is random. Has no pattern save what we imagine after staring at it for too long. No meaning save what we choose to impose. This rudderless world is not shaped by vague metaphysical forces. It is not God who kills the children. Not fate that butchers them or destiny that feeds them to the dogs. It is us. Only us.
Streets stank of fire. The void breathed hard on my heart, turning its illusions to ice, shattering them. Was reborn then, free to scrawl own design on this morally blank world. Was Rorschach."
- - - Rorschach, Watchmen (1986)

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, FEDERALIST

Federalist Party Senator from Massachusetts (1803 - 1808). Ambassador to the Netherlands, Prussia, Russia and the United Kingdom. Secretary of State. Congressman. 6th President of the United States. In 1841, Adams had the case of a lifetime, representing the defendants in United States v. The Amistad Africans in the Supreme Court of the United States. Adams won their freedom.

Thomas Pinckney, Federalist

Commissioned as captain in the 1st South Carolina Regiment of the Continental Army. After seeing much action, he became an aide-de-camp to General Horatio Gates. He was captured by the British at the disastrous Battle of Camden in 1780. After recovering from his wounds, he was released in a prisoner exchange. In 1781 he fought under Lafayette in Virginia. Appointed by President George Washington to be the U.S. minister to Great Britain served as Envoy Extraordinary to Spain. The Federalist Party made him a candidate in the 1796 presidential election as the intended running-mate of John Adams. Served as Congressman and Governor of South Carolina. Served as a major general in the Army during the War of 1812.

Arthur St. Clair, Federalist

Major General U.S. Army. Battles of the Plains of Abraham, Trois-Rivières, Trenton, Siege of Fort Ticonderoga, Yorktown, Battle of the Wabash, President of the Continental Congress, Federalist Governor of the Northwest Territory.

Henry Lee III, Federalist

Major General "Light-Horse Harry" Lee fought at the battles of Paulus Hook, Guilford Court House, Eutaw Springs, Yorktown and the Whiskey Rebellion. Federalist Congressman from Virginia, Governor of Virginia. Father of Robert E. Lee. In 1812 Lee was attacked by a Jeffersonian mob of Democratic-Republicans while defending a Federalist newspaper from attack. Lee and the other Federalists were beaten and tortured by the mob over the next three hours. Lee was left partially blinded after hot wax was poured into his eyes. The men were left for dead. All were severely injured, and one Federalist, General James Lingan, died.

Timothy Pickering, Federalist

Colonel in the Continental Army, served as Adjutant General and Quartermaster General. Postmaster General, Secretary of War, Secretary of State, Federalist Congressman and U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. Pickering and a band of Federalists attempted to gain support for the secession of New England from the Jeffersonian United States.

James Buchanan, Federalist

Buchanan began his political career in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 1814–1816, serving as a Federalist. Buchanan went on to be elected as a Federalist Congressman from Pennsylvania 1821-1825. He served as Minister to Russia, Britain, US Senator, Secretary of State and President of the United States.

Roger Taney, Federalist

As a young attorney he organized the Federalist Party of Maryland to better reach out to the mass of voters with committees, mass meetings, barbecues and a Federalist newspaper. Taney's organizing paid off with his election as a Federalist to Maryland's House of Delegates. He went on to serve as Secretary of War, of the Treasury, US Attorney General and Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court.

Fisher Ames, Federalist

A Harvard educated attorney, Ames was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He was then elected to the 1st US Congress defeating Sam Adams for the post. He became an important thinker and leader of the Federalist Party. Ames feared for the future of an America under Jeffersonian politicians pandering to the mob to buy votes in order to gain personal power. He said, "I fear Federalism will not only die, but all remembrance of it will be lost."

Francis Scott Key, Federalist

Key was a Maryland attorney and Federalist Party opponent of the War of 1812. He wrote the U.S. national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner" during the Battle of Baltimore. Key opened a law office with fellow Federalist Roger Taney, a future U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice. He also practiced law with his uncle, Federalist Congressman Philip Barton Key.

James Schureman, Federalist

In the Revolution he raised a volunteer company in New Brunswick, New Jersey and led it as Captain. Fought in the Battle of Brooklyn where he was captured. Held as a prisoner of war until early in the spring of 1777 when he escaped to rejoin the Continental Army. Served in Continental Congress and as a Federalist in both the Congress and in the U.S. Senate from New Jersey.

John Sullivan, Federalist

Major General Continental Army. Commander in Quebec invasion. Battles of Trois-Rivières, Long Island, Trenton, Princeton, Staten Island, Brandywine, Germantown and Rhode Island. Commanded the Sullivan Expedition against the Iroquois. Member of the Continental Congress; Attorney General of New Hampshire; President of New Hampshire. Appointed by President Washington judge of the United States District Court of New Hampshire. Governor of New Hampshire.

Philip Schuyler, Federalist

Major General of the Continental Army. General Schuyler took command of the Northern Department, and planned the Invasion of Canada (1775). He was active in preparing the defense against British invasion in the Saratoga Campaign (1777). Twice elected Federalist U.S. Senator from New York.

Jonathan Trumbull, Jr., Federalist

Served in the Continental Army as a paymaster; comptroller of the treasury 1778-1779; appointed secretary and aide-de-camp to General George Washington in 1781. 2nd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. United States Senator from Connecticut. Federalist Governor of Connecticut (1796 - 1809).

Frederick Frelinghuysen, Federalist

In the War of Independence he served in the New Jersey militia as an artillery captain, seeing action at Trenton and Monmouth. Attained the rank of colonel. Member of the Continental Congress. Served in the New Jersey General Assembly. Member of the New Jersey convention that ratified the United States Constitution in 1787. President George Washington appointed him as brigadier general in the United States Army for the 1790 campaign against the western Indians. Commissioned major general in the New Jersey militia in 1794, during the Whiskey Rebellion. Elected to the United States Senate.

Daniel Webster, Federalist

Federalist Party office holder until 1828. Congressman from New Hampshire (1813 - 1817), Congressman from Massachusetts (1823 - 1827), U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, Secretary of State under three Presidents.

Stephen Van Rensselaer, Federalist

Van Rensselaer served in the New York Assembly and Senate. He served as the Federalist Lt. Governor under John Jay. In 1786, Van Rensselaer was made a major of the militia. As a Major General in the War of 1812 he led an army in an invasion of Canada and fought at the Battle of Queenston Heights. In 1813 Van Rensselaer was the Federalist candidate for Governor of New York earning 48% of the vote. A shift of only 1,800 votes would have made him Governor. In 1822 he was elected to Congress as a Federalist serving until 1829.

WILLIAM PATERSON, Federalist

During the Revolutionary War, Paterson served as an officer with the Somerset County Minutemen. Delegate to the Provincial Congress of New Jersey in 1775 and to the State Constitutional Convention in 1776. After helping draft the New Jersey Constitution, he became Attorney General. Delegate to the US Constitutional Convention of 1787. US Senator in the First Federal Congress. Governor of New Jersey. President George Washington nominated Paterson to the US Supreme Court in 1793.

James Hillhouse, Federalist

Hillhouse served as captain in Governor's Foot Guards in the Revolutionary War. He was a member of the Connecticut House of Representatives, Congressman from Connecticut at-large, 1791–96, and a Federalist Party U. S. Senator from Connecticut, 1796–1810. He was the anti-slavery leader of the Congress in the early days of the Republic. After the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, Hillhouse fought to bar the importation of slaves into the Louisiana Territory. "I consider slavery as a serious evil," he proclaimed, "and wish to check it wherever I have authority." Two of Hillhouse's amendments restricting slavery passed the Congress and were signed into law.

John Hoskins Stone, Federalist

Colonel, 1st Maryland Regiment of the Continental Army. Battles of Brooklyn, White Plaines, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth and Stony Point. Wounded at Germantown and as a result was lame for the rest of his life. Seriously wounded at Stony Point and resigned his commission. Governor of Maryland.

Benjamin Tallmadge, Federalist

William Richardson Davie, Federalist

Rising to the rank of Colonel, Davie raised and commanded cavalry units in the Revolution. Seriously wounded at the Battle of Stono Ferry outside Charleston. Fought at the Battle of Charlotte. Served as Commissary-General. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. President John Adams appointed him a Brigadier General in the U.S. Army. Federalist Governor of North Carolina.

Oliver Ellsworth, Federalist

In 1777 he was chosen as one of Connecticut's representatives in the Continental Congress. Served at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia as a delegate from Connecticut. On June 20, 1787 he proposed the use of the name the United States to identify the nation under the authority of the Constitution. United States Senator from Connecticut. Ellsworth was the principal exponent in the Senate of Alexander Hamilton's economic program. In 1796 Ellsworth was appointed by President George Washington to be Chief Justice of the United States. Served as United States Envoy Extraordinary to the Court of France. Ellsworth was a candidate in the 1796 United States Presidential election, receiving eleven votes in the electoral college.

Winthrop Sargent, Federalist

Enlisted as Lieutenant, Gridley's Regiment of Massachusetts Artillery on July 7, 1775. Served in the Siege of Boston, as well as the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Brandywine, Germantown, and Monmouth. He was wounded twice at the Battle of the Wabash, on November 4, 1791. He also served in the Indian wars of 1794 - 1795 and became Adjutant General. Final rank Lieutenant Colonel. Federalist Governor of the Mississippi Territory.

William Moultrie, Federalist

Colonel of the 2nd South Carolina Regiment. Battle of Sullivan's Island, Siege of Savannah, Siege of Charles Town. Prisoner of war for two years. Promoted to Major General. Governor of South Carolina.

Robert Goodloe Harper, Federalist

At the age of fifteen, Harper joined a volunteer corps of Cavalry and served in the American Revolutionary Army. Harper was elected as a Federalist Congressman from South Carolina (1795 - 1801). In 1798 at a dinner in Philadelphia honoring John Marshall, a group of U.S. Congressmen were discussing a recent demand made by the government of France. French vessels had been plundering US ships in a piratical manner. French foreign minister Talleyrand said the attacks would be stopped if the US paid him $250,000 and gave France 50,000 pounds sterling and a $100 million loan. As toasts were made, Harper sent his own defiant reply to the French with this toast: “Millions for defense but not one cent for tribute.” Harper served in the War of 1812, attaining the rank of major general. He moved to Maryland and was elected as a Federalist to the US Senate. He was an unsuccessful Federalist candidate for Vice President in the 1816 election. He also received one electoral vote for Vice President in the 1820 election.

Caleb Strong, Federalist

Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Elected the first US Senator from Massachusetts. Twice elected Governor of Massachusetts as the nominee of the Federalist Party (1800 - 1807). Strong took a principled stand against the War of 1812 and ran again for Governor opposing "Mr. Madison's War". He served as an anti-war Governor from 1812 - 1816.

Jacob Read, Federalist

Studied law and was admitted to the bar; studied in England 1773-1776; joined other Americans in London in 1774 in a petition against the Boston port bill. Returned to the United States and served South Carolina in various military and civil capacities during the Revolutionary War. Sent with other Americans as a prisoner of the British to St. Augustine 1780-1781. Member of the Continental Congress from South Carolina 1783-1785. Elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate.

General Epaphroditus Champion, Federalist

Champion helped his father gather a herd of cattle and drive them to Valley Forge. He was later named the first Commissary General of the Continental Army. Champion served as captain in the 24th Regiment of the Connecticut State militia rising to brigadier general of the Seventh Brigade from 1800 to 1803. He worked as a merchant, shipowner, exporter and importer. Champion served as a Federalist Congressman from Connecticut 1807 - 1817.

Samuel Huntington, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Huntington was an outspoken critic of the Coercive Acts of the British Parliament. Signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation. Served as President of the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1781. Chief Justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1784 to 1785. Governor of Connecticut from 1786-1796.

Alexander Contee Hanson, Federalist

Member of the Maryland House of Delegates. Editor of the "Federal Republican", a Federalist Party newspaper in Baltimore. Four days after the beginning of the War of 1812 a mob of pro-war Democrat-Republicans destroyed his newspaper office. The paper moved to another building where Hanson was joined by a group of armed allies. When that building was besieged by another mob, Hanson and his group fired, killing two. Hanson and his group surrendered to the militia and were escorted to jail. That evening yet another mob stormed the jail. Hanson was beaten and left for dead. Hanson was elected as a Federalist to Congress in 1812 and 1814. In 1816 he was elected as a Federalist to represent Maryland in the U.S. Senate until his death in 1819 at the age of 33.

William Bingham, Federalist

As a merchant he brought full loads of munitions & guns for the war. Served as a diplomat for Congress to France. Bingham marshaled the Second Troop of Philadelphia Light Horse. He served in the Continental Congress, 1st Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, State Senator, and US Senator. Federalists agreed to hold preliminary votings at the Bingham Estate before propositions were brought before Congress publicly, thus creating unanimity among party lines. Alexander Hamilton sought Bingham as his mentor in managing taxes, tariffs, and in constructing a national bank.

Charles Goldsborough, Federalist

In 1790, Goldsborough was admitted to the bar, and early on held several local political offices. He was also a member of the Maryland State Senate from 1791 to 1795 and later from 1799 to 1801. He was elected as a Federalist to Congress, serving from 1805 to 1817. He also acted as Federalist Party floor leader in the House. He later served as Governor of Maryland in 1818 and 1819.

Ezekiel Whitman, Federalist

Whitman practiced law in New Gloucester, Maine and in Portland, Maine (both communities a district of Massachusetts until 1820). In 1808 Whitman was elected as a Federalist Congressman from Massachusetts and served one term. In 1816 he was again elected as a Federalist to the US House serving from 1817 to 1821. In 1819 he was a delegate to the convention that prepared the constitution which led to Maine's statehood. In 1820 he was elected as a Federalist Congressman from the new state of Maine serving until 1822. Chief Justice of the Maine Supreme Court from 1841 to 1848.

William Hunter, Federalist

Federalist U. S. Senator from Rhode Island from 1811 to 1821. Appointed by Andrew Jackson to be the U.S. representative to the Empire of Brazil. He served in this position for 9 years until 1845.

William North, Federalist

Entered the Continental Army in 1775. Served under Benedict Arnold in the invasion of Canada. Captain in Henry Jackson's 16th Massachusetts Regiment, with which he participated in the Battle of Monmouth. 1779 he became aide-de-camp to Baron Steuben and was present at Yorktown. Adjutant General of the United States Army with the rank of brigadier general. Speaker of the New York State Assembly. Federalist U.S. Senator from New York.

David Cobb, Federalist

Cobb studied medicine in Boston and practiced in Taunton, Massachusetts. He was a member of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress in 1775; lieutenant colonel of Jackson’s regiment in 1777 and 1778, serving in Rhode Island and New Jersey; was aide-de-camp on the staff of General George Washington; appointed major general of militia in 1786. Fought in the New York and New Jersey Campaign, the Battles of Springfield, Monmouth, Rhode Island and Shay's Rebellion. He served the Federalist Party as Lt. Governor of Massachusetts, President of the State Senate and Congressman.

Jared Ingersoll, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Federalist Party nominee for Vice President in 1812. Delegate to the Second Continental Congress from Pennsylvania. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Attorney General of Pennsylvania. United States District Attorney for Pennsylvania.

John Cotton Smith, Federalist

Smith was a Federalist, serving as Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives (1800, 1806–1807, 1807–1809), as Congressman and Federalist Party floor leader in the House from 1800–1806, the seventh Lieutenant Governor (1811–1812), and finally as the last Federalist Governor of Connecticut from 1812 to 1817.

Josiah Parker, Federalist

In 1775 Parker enlisted in the Continental Army. He was commissioned a major in the 5th Virginia Regiment in 1776 and became its colonel in 1778. His regiment served in Virginia under General Charles Lee and was transferred to George Washington. The regiment thereafter saw action at the Battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Germantown, Monmouth and the Siege of Charleston. During Cornwallis's Virginia campaign in 1781, the notorious Colonel Tarleton ransacked his home. He was elected to the First US Congress from Virginia serving for twelve years.

Daniel Cady, Federalist

Cady was a member of the New York State Assembly, District Attorney, Judge and Federalist Party Congressman from New York. As a lawyer he worked cases with Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr and Abraham Lincoln. In 1856, Cady was a presidential elector on the Republican John C. Fremont ticket. He was the father of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, an abolitionist and leading figure of the early women's rights movement.

Louis McLane, Federalist

During the War of 1812 McLane joined the Wilmington Artillery Company serving as a 1st Lieutenant. McLane was elected as a Federalist to the U.S. House of Representatives from Delaware (1817 to 1827). He served for four years as the Federalist Party floor leader in the House. He went on to be US Senator representing the National Republican Party (Adams). McLane also was Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of State and Minister to the United Kingdom.

William Stephens Smith, Federalist

Smith married Abigail "Nabby" Adams, the daughter of President John Adams, and so was a brother-in-law of President John Quincy Adams, and an uncle of Charles Francis Adams. Served in the Revolutionary Army as aide-de-camp to General John Sullivan. Fought in the Battle of Long Island, was wounded at Harlem Heights, Battle of White Plains, was promoted to lieutenant colonel at the Battle of Trenton, fought at the Battle of Monmouth and Newport. He was on the staff of General Lafayette, became an adjutant in the Corps of Light Infantry, then transferred to the staff of George Washington. Elected as a Federalist Congressman from New York.

Timothy Pitkin, Federalist

Pitkin served in the State Legislature of Connecticut in 1790, 1792, and 1794‑1805, and as Speaker 1803‑1805. He was elected as a Federalist to the United States Congress serving from 1805 to 1819. He acted as Federalist Party floor leader in the House for eight years. During his leadership the Federalist Party grew in strength adding 32 new Congressmen in the 1812 elections by opposing "Mr. Madison's War."

Oliver Wolcott, Jr., Federalist

Wolcott was appointed Secretary of the Treasury by George Washington in 1795 to succeed Alexander Hamilton. He continued at Treasury under John Adams until 1800. President John Adams appointed him as a Federal judge on the United States Circuit Court. His judgeship was abolished by Jeffersonian Republicans in an attempt to intimidate the independent Federal Courts. In 1817 he was elected Governor of Connecticut as a member of the new Toleration Republican Party.

John Rutledge, Jr., Federalist

Rutledge served as Congressman from South Carolina. A passionate Federalist, he supported Aaron Burr against Jefferson, founding the Charleston Courier (predecessor of the Post and Courier) to support his causes. Joining the South Carolina Militia in 1799, Rutledge served as commander of the Twenty-eighth Regiment in the War of 1812. He subsequently commanded the Seventh Brigade from 1816 until his death. Rutledge's life was fraught with controversy. Catching his wife (mother to his nine children) in a "clandestine visit" with Dr. Horace Senter, Rutledge challenged him to a duel, fatally wounding the doctor.

John Sergeant, Federalist

Member of the Pennsylvania state house of representatives 1808-1810; elected as a Federalist to Congress and served from 1815, to 1823. Sergeant was a strong backer of Henry Clay's American System and the Second Bank of the United States, and even traveled to Europe to negotiate loans to the Bank. He was a strong opponent of slavery who voted against the Missouri Compromise. In 1826 he was an envoy to the Panama Congress. Elected to Congress as an Adams candidate 1827 to 1829. Failing re-election he became legal counsel to the Bank of the United States. Sergeant was the Vice Presidential running mate in Henry Clay's campaign on the National Republican ticket in 1832. Elected as a Whig to Congress serving from 1837 to 1841.

John Laurance, Federalist

Born in England, he emigrated to the United States in 1767 and settled in New York City. Laurance received an officer's commission in the First New York regiment. He was appointed aide-de-camp to Washington in 1777. He presided over the spy trial of Major André. Served in the Continental Congress, the New York State Assembly, State Senate and the 1st United States Congress. Appointed by George Washington to the Federal bench. Elected as a Federalist US Senator from New York.

William Loughton Smith, Federalist

In 1774 he studied law in London, England. Practiced law in Charleston. Elected from South Carolina as a Pro-Administration candidate to the 1st, 2nd and 3 Congresses. Re-elected as a Federalist to the 4th and 5th Congresses. Appointed by John Adams as United States Minister to Portugal and Spain. Commissioned Minister to the Ottoman Porte on February, 1799.

Thomas Forrest, Federalist

During the American Revolutionary War Forrest was commissioned a captain in Colonel Thomas Proctor's Pennsylvania Artillery Battalion in 1776. He led a 52-man company of artillery at the Battle of Trenton. He ended his service at a Lieutenant Colonel. He was elected as a Federalist Congressman from Pennsylvania from 1819 to 1823.

Philip Barton Key, Federalist

Key had been a Loyalist in the American Revolution. He served in the Maryland Loyalists Battalion as a captain. Key fought with the British Army from 1777 to 1781, until he was captured by the Spanish in Pensacola, Florida with the rest of his battalion. After the war he served as Mayor of Annapolis & member of the Maryland House of Delegates. Appointed a Federal Judge by John Adams. He was a Counsel to Justice Samuel Chase during Chase's Jefferson ordered impeachment show-trial in 1805. Elected as a Federalist to Congress from Maryland (1807 - 1813). Francis Scott Key was his nephew.

Aaron Ogden, Federalist

Lieutenant in the 1st New Jersey Regiment, rising to the rank of brigade major. Wounded at the siege of Yorktown in 1781. Federalist U.S. Senator and Governor of New Jersey.

CHARLES POLK, FEDERALIST

Federalist Governor of Delaware. The Federalist Party selected Polk as their candidate for Governor in 1826. After a hard fought campaign he was narrowly elected. Polk is the last known major officeholder representing the Federalist Party. He left office January 19, 1830.

Alexander Hamilton, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Co-Author of the Federalist Papers. Founder and leader of the Federalist Party. Enlisted in the Revolution as Lieutenant of New York Provincial Company of Artillery rising to the rank of Major General in 1799. Fought in the Battles of Harlem Heights, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth and Yorktown. Served with General Washington in the Whiskey Rebellion. Appointed by John Adams Commander of a new army in the Quasi-War. Elected in 1782 to the Congress of the Confederation as a New York representative. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. President George Washington appointed Hamilton as the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.

Charles Pinckney, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. 1804 and 1808 Federalist Party nominee for President. Joined the Continental Army in 1775 as Captain of the elite Grenadiers of the 1st South Carolina Regiment. Served in the Battle of Sullivan's Island rising to the rank of Colonel. Fought at the battles of Brandywine, Germantown, Alligator Bridge, the Siege of Savannah and American expedition attempting to seize British East Florida. In 1780 with the surrender of the American Army at the Siege of Charleston, Pinckney became a POW. Upon his release two years later he was commissioned a brevet Brigadier General. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention. Served as George Washington's United States Minister to France (1796 - 1797). Pinckney was the Federalist Party candidate for Vice President in the election of 1800. Pinckney famously said, "If I had a vein that did not beat with the love of my Country, I myself would open it. If I had a drop of blood that could flow dishonorable, I myself would let it out."

Rufus King, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. 1816 Federalist Party nominee for President. In 1778 King volunteered for militia duty in the Revolution. Appointed a major and served in the Battle of Rhode Island. Member of the Continental Congress from Massachusetts 1784-1787. Delegate to the Constitutional Convention where he worked closely with Alexander Hamilton on the Committee of Style and Arrangement to prepare the final draft. United States Senator from New York in 1789; re-elected in 1795 and served from July, 1789, until May 1796, when he resigned to become Minister to Great Britain (1796-1803). Federalist Party candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1804 and in 1808. Again elected as Federalist United States Senator from New York in 1813; re-elected in 1819 and served to 1825. Appointed by John Quincy Adams as United States Minister to Great Britain (1825-1826). Anti-slavery activist.

John Eager Howard, Federalist

1816 Federalist Party candidate for Vice President. Commissioned a Captain at the beginning of the Revolutionary War, Howard rose to the rank of Colonel in the Continental Army. Fought in the Battle of White Plains and in the Battle of Monmouth. He was awarded a silver medal by Congress for his leadership at the Battle of Cowpens, during which he commanded the 3rd Maryland Regiment, Continental Army. Elected to the Continental Congress in 1778. Governor of Maryland. Elected as a Federalist in 1796 to the United States Senate. Received 22 electoral votes for Vice President as the running mate of Federalist Rufus King.

John Jay, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Co-Author of the Federalist Papers. Secretary to the New York Committee of Correspondence, where he represented the conservative faction that was interested in protecting property rights and in preserving the rule of law. Delegate to the First Continental Congress in 1774. United States Minister to Spain (1779 - 1782). Diplomat with Benjamin Franklin in Paris to end the war with Britain. United States Secretary for Foreign Affairs under the Confederation. Appointed 1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States by George Washington. Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain. Federalist Governor of New York (1795 - 1801). Anti-slavery activist. In 1799 as Governor he signed a bill into law for the emancipation of slaves in New York.

Dr. John Brooks, Federalist

Brooks began his medical practice in Reading, where he became the Captain of the Reading Minutemen. He led them in the Battle of Concord and at Bunker Hill. He accepted a commission as Captain in the Continental Army and took part in battles in White Plains, and Long Island. Wintered with General Washington at Valley Forge. Appointed Major General of the Middlesex Militia in 1786, which he led in suppressing Shays' Rebellion. He was appointed Adjutant General (1812–1816). He won the governorship of Massachusetts with the Federalist Party in 1816.

John Marshall, Federalist

Marshall served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. Lieutenant in the Culpeper Minutemen from 1775 to 1776, and went on to serve as a Lieutenant and then a Captain in the Eleventh Virginia Continental Regiment from 1776 to 1780. Marshall endured the brutal winter conditions at Valley Forge (1777–1778). Special Commissioner to France in 1797 - 1798. Elected as a Federalist Congressman from Virginia. United States Secretary of State for John Adams. Appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1801 - 1835).

Gouverneur Morris, Federalist

Founding Father of the United States. Delegate to the Continental Congress. He was a signatory to the Articles of Confederation. Pennsylvania delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Morris was elected to serve on a committee of five which drafted the final language of the proposed constitution. But it was his pen that was responsible for most of the draft, as well as its final polished form. Morris is widely credited as the author of the Constitution's preamble. Morris thought that common people were incapable of self-government because he feared that the poor would sell their votes to the rich. (Time has proven him right.) Gouverneur Morris was one of the few delegates at the Philadelphia Convention who spoke openly against slavery. Served as Minister Plenipotentiary to France from 1792 - 1794. Elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate from New York. - . . . . . . . "The proudest empire in Europe is but a bubble compared to what America will be, must be, in the course of two centuries, perhaps of one." - - - - Gouverneur Morris (Author of the Constitution of the United States)

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