POLS2061 semester 1 2010

Classical Marxism

M. M. Cheremnykh The menagerie of the future

Kommunar Petrograd 1918 (modified)

Course Guide

Vital first steps

This Course Outline contains vital information about Classical Marxism thatyou have to be familiar with, including lecture and tutorial arrangements,reading guides, assessment items. Read it right through as soon after youhave enrolled as possible. The outline is also on the courses Wattle sitehome page as a PDF file, with live web linksChanges in arrangements and other important information will be publishedon the courses Wattle site home page. Check twice a week.Early on, listen to British comedian Mark Steele, who provides anentertaining introduction to Marxs life on the courses Wattle site.

OverviewMarx developed an understanding of how capitalism works as a guide topolitical action. He analysed the relationships between economic andpolitical power, class and inequality, accumulation and globalisation,exploitation and oppression, struggle and social changeissues that are stillrelevant, despite changes in technologies and the details of capitalistorganisation of production (whose dynamics he considered).Through the course we develop our understanding of key Marxist conceptsand their application to current problems. In seminars we discuss importantMarxist texts, mainly by Marx and Engels, their historical context andcontemporary relevance. Lectures provide background to these texts andtheir relationship to Marxist theory and practice. Issues we cover include: theMarxist conception of socialism as the self-emancipation of the workingclass; Marxs integration of earlier radical democratic and socialisttraditions; the place of revolution in Marxs approach to the supersession ofcapitalism.

Classical Marxism

Basic informationLecturer:Dr Rick Kuhn, room 2135 Copland Building, 6125-3851email Rick.Kuhn@anu.edu.auThe best way to arrange a meeting time with Rick is by email. He will be available forconsultation after seminars.School of Social Sciences Office

Faculty of Arts Office

Room 2147 Copland Building

6125-4420

ground floor Haydon-Allen Building

6125-2898

LecturesTuesday

11:00 am-1:00 pm

Manning Clark Theatre 4

2-4:00 pm

Hume Centre Copland 1171

SeminarsTuesday

(below Social Sciences office)

Learning outcomesBy the end of this course, you should be able to demonstrate knowledge of basic Marxist concepts describe the contexts within which Marxist concepts emerged and evolved in Marxsand Engelss time and subsequently distinguish amongst different approaches which call themselves Marxist and theirrelationships with the ideas and practice of Marx and Engels formulate Marxist approaches to researching historical and contemporary socialissues analyse historical and contemporary social issues by applying Marxist concepts assess the usefulness and validity of Marxist approaches individually and collectively, present written and oral arguments about the aboveGeneric skillsThis course will help develop your skills in critical thinking written and oral communication research teamwork challenging authority

2010

Reading and discussion

Seminars

How to read

This course revolves around the seminars.

The points below are questions you should

probably have in mind when you read anythingat all, but certainly anything you read inassociation with this course.

Regularattendanceandactiveparticipation in seminars (at least seven ofthe ten seminars) is a prerequisite forpassing this course.If you are to get anything out of the seminars it isalso essential to do the reading and to come toseminars with your assessments and criticisms ofthe texts and questions about them. An importantstrategy for the course is to try to read all therequired reading early in the semester, even ifonly quickly, and then to reread it in preparationfor seminars. The focus on the primary texts andthe sometimes substantial amount of reading theyinvolve has meant that there are only a few itemsunder additional reading for each seminar. Thesecondary literature on Marx and Engelss work,not to mention attempts to apply their theoriesand methods, is vast. Students who are interestedin pursuing specific questions or who areintroducing a seminar should not hesitate toexplore this literature. Rick will be happy tosuggest further entry points to it.Almost all the required seminar readings are onthe web.See the pointers on seminar introductions onpage 14.

Other co-operative activity

More than one student will be involved inpresenting each seminar. People preparing thesame seminar should meet at least twice beforetheir seminar to discuss the texts, the issues andtheir presentations.

LecturesThe lectures will provide backgroundinformation on the material discussed in theseminars. If you read ahead and have factualquestions about the background to them, let Rickknow so he can include a response in the relevantlecture.

The text itself

What is the author trying to say? That is, what isthe logic of her/his argument? This is crucial tounderstanding the text as a whole, rather thanjust bits and pieces of it.What are the main steps or subsidiary argumentsin the overall case, i.e. how is it organised andstructured to generate its conclusions?How are the arguments supported in terms ofevidence, logic, examples, emotional appeal?What sort of style is used?ContextWhy is the author making her/his case and whyin this way? What are his/her material interestsand background?Where was the text originally published?What is/was the audience(s)?In what tradition(s) does the author stand i.e.who are/were her/his sources and authorities interms of the kind of arguments, the way they aremade, what supports them? Who are her/hisopponents inside or outside this tradition?Whatknowledge,politics,orientation,experience does the author assume his/heraudience has? And what does the author considerto be irrelevant that others may consider relevantto the argument? Why? That is, what can you tellabout the text from what isnt there?ReliabilityIs the information in the text likely to be accurateand reliable? Are there references to sources?Are assertions backed up with serious argumentsand information?Is the source more useful for its account ofparticular facts and developments or because it isevidence of the specific standpoint/position of apolitical actor or both?

4Self-consciousnessWhat assumptions/theories are you bringing tothe text? How do they influence your answers tothe above questions?Critical assessmentThe questions above may help to provide a basisfor making critical assessments of the textsoriginality, strengths, weaknesses, implications,persuasiveness, applicability, acceptability etc.

ReadingRecommended textCallinicos, Alex The Revolutionary Ideas of KarlMarxBookmarks,London1995,www.istendency.net/pdf/revideas.pdf. A briefand clear explanation of Marxs thought. It isstrongly recommended that students read thisbefore or early in the course.A key source if you want to obtain your owncopies of material is the Marxists InternetArchive at www.marxists.org

Note, however, that many of the texts we

read are in the Penguin selections ofMarxs works which have excellentexplanatory annotations. A copy of each isin short loan Early writings, Therevolutions of 1848, Surveys from exile, TheFirst International and after. These areworth checking through for explanationsof obscure events and people.The following are very useful introductions toclassical Marxist thought:Harman, Chris How Marxism Works SocialistWorkersParty,London1983,http://www.comcen.com.au/~marcn/redflag/archive/harman/hmw/hmw.doc, Chifley HX73.H371986, a very basic introduction to Marxism.Draper, Hal Karl Marxs Theory of RevolutionMonthly Review Press New York. A clear andoften humorous exploration of Marx and Engelspolitical analysis, in four volumes, ChifleyJC233.M299D7Eagleton, Terry Marx and freedom, Phoenix,London, 1997 HX39.5.E24 1997Nimtz, August H. Marx and Engels : theircontribution to the democratic breakthrough

Classical MarxismState University of New York Press, Albany2000 Chifley JC423 .N535 2000. Brilliant!Other useful books are:Abendroth, Wolfgang A Short History of theEuropean Working Class Monthly Review Press,New York 1972Barbalet, Jack Marxs Construction of SocialTheory Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1983Bottomore Tom A Dictionary of Marxist ThoughtBlackwell, Oxford 1988Draper, Hal The Marx-Engels CyclopediaSchocken, New York 1986 a reference work,rather than something to read cover-to-cover.Geras, Norman Marx and Human Nature:Refutation of a Legend Verso, London 1983 *Hobsbawm, Eric The Age of Revolution: Europe1789-1848 Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London1962Hobsbawm, Eric The Age of Capital, 1848-1875Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London 1975Hobsbawm, Eric The Age of Empire, 1875-1914Pantheon, New York 1987Hobsbawm, Eric The Revolutions of 1848 soundrecording, Sussex tapes, Wakefield 1975Lapides, Kenneth (ed.) Marx and Engels on thetrade unions Praeger, New York 1987HX544.M373 1987Lenin, Vladimir The Three Sources and ThreeComponentPartsofMarxism1913http://marxists.anu.edu.au/archive/lenin/works/1913/mar/x01.htmLenin,VladimirKarlMarx1914http://marxists.anu.edu.au/archive/lenin/works/1914/granat/index.htmLenin, Vladimir State and Revolution written1917http://marxists.anu.edu.au/archive/lenin/works/1917/staterev/index.htmLukcs, Georg History and Class ConsciousnessMerlin, London 1971 Chifley HX260.H8.L783mostofthetextisathttp://marxists.anu.edu.au/archive/lukacs/works/history/index.htmMeek, Ronald L. (ed.) Marx and Engels onMalthus: selections from the writings of Marx

2010and Engels dealing with the theories of ThomasRobert Malthus Lawrence and Wishart, London1953 Menzies HB863.M253Mehring, Franz Karl Marx: The Story of His LifeUniversity of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor 1969Molyneux, John What is the Real MarxistTradition?Bookmarks,London1985,www.marxisme.dk/arkiv/molyneux/realmarx/

Lecture 5 1848 Revolutions and the state

Week 6 (29 March)

Lecture 6 After the 1848 revolutions, the heyday of19th century capitalism and the First InternationalSeminar 6 Lenin State and revolution

CLEAR RESEARCH ESSAY TOPIC by

Thursday 1 AprilHOLIDAY 2 April to 18 April

Week 7 (19 April)

Lecture 7 The Paris CommuneSeminar 7 Marx and Engels Address of the CentralCommittee to the Communist League March 1850,Marx Inaugural address of the International WorkingMens Association, Rules of the InternationalWorking Mens Association

Week 12 (24 May)

Lecture 12 No lectureSeminar 12 No seminar

SUBMIT COURSE DIARY by 4.00 pm

Monday 24 May

Week 13 (31 June)

Lecture 13 No lectureSeminar 13 No seminar

2010

SeminarsSeminar 122 February

Allocation of seminar topics, discussion

of course, what is Marxism?Callinicos, Alex The revolutionary ideas of KarlMarx Bookmarks, London 1983Smith, David and Evans Phil Marxs Kapital forbeginners Pantheon, New York 1982 on ClaMsWebCT page, pp. 6-28Steele, Mark Karl Marx mp3 file on ClaMsWebCT page

http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/labour.htmhttp://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch01.htm#S4Additional ReadingLukcs, Georg History and Class ConsciousnessMerlin, London 1971 Chifley HX260.H8.L783most of the text is athttp://www.marxists.org/archive/lukacs/works/history/index.htmSmith, David and Evans Phil Marxs Kapital forBeginners Pantheon, New York 1982 on ClaMsWebCT pageThe rest of the Economic and PhilosophicalManuscriptsOllman, Bertell Alienation Cambridge UniversityPress, Cambridge Second Edition 1976HM291.O58 1976

Additional ReadingTrotsky, Leon Results and Prospects 1906http://marxists.anu.edu.au/archive/trotsky/1931/tpr/rp-index.htmCliff, Tony Deflected Permanent RevolutionFirst Published in International Socialism firstseries, number 16, Spring 1963www.anu.edu.au/polsci/marx/contemp/pamsetc/permrev/permrev.htmlHenryk, Katz The emancipation of labor: ahistory of the First International Greenwood,New York 1992 HX11.I46K38 1992 *A variety of historical resources on theInternational at the Marxists Internet Archivehttp://marxists.anu.edu.au/history/international/iwma/index.htmDraper, Hal Karl Marxs Theory of RevolutionVolume 2: The Politics of Social ClassesMonthly Review Press, New York 1978 Part II.JC233.M299D7 *Hallas, Duncan Trotskys Marxism Bookmarks,London 1984Cliff, Tony Trotsky: Towards OctoberBookmarks, London 1989

Marx and Engels Address of the

Central Committee to the CommunistLeague March 1850, Marx Inauguraladdress of the International WorkingMens Association, Rules of theInternational Working MensAssociation

Collins, Henry and Chimen Abramsky Karl

Marx and the British labour movement; years ofthe first International, Macmillan, London 1965HX243.C56 provides details about theemergence of and developments in theInternational

Marx and Engels Address of the Central

Committee to the Communist League March1850http://marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1847/communist-league/1850-ad1.htm

26 April

Marx Inaugural address of the International

Working Mens Associationhttp://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1864/10/27.htmRules of the International Working MensAssociationhttp://www.marxists.org/history/international/iwma/documents/1864/rules.htm

Seminar 8Marx The civil war in FranceWhole book as PDF filehttp://marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/Marx_The_Civil_War_in_France.pdfRead:Engels Introductionchapter 5 The Paris CommuneEngels PostscriptAdditional ReadingRapkin, David Ten socialist classics: The CivilWar in France Socialist worker (USA) 9 June

Marx Critique of the Gotha Program

and John Molyneux What is the RealMarxist Tradition?Marx Critique of the Gotha Programhttp://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/Marx_Critque_of_the_Gotha_Programme.pdfJohn Molyneux What is the Real MarxistTradition?www.marxisme.dk/arkiv/molyneux/realmarx/index.htmAdditional ReadingDraper, Hal Karl Marxs Theory of RevolutionVolume 4: Critique of Other Socialisms MonthlyReview Press, New York 1990 JC233.M299D7Joll, James The Second International 1889-1914Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1974HX11.I5J6 1974Tudor, H and Tudor, J. M. (eds) Marxism andSocial Democracy: the Revisionism Debate1896-1898 Cambridge University Press,Cambridge 1988Luxemburg, Rosa Social Reform and Revolution(various editions and in various selections of herwork, nb some translations are much better thanothers) e.g. Selected political writing Cape,London 1972 HX273.L8215Rees, John In Defence of October InternationalSocialism 52 Autumn 1991 pp. 3-82Hobsbawm, Eric The Fortunes of Marxs andEngels Writings in Hobsbawm, E. (ed.) TheHistory of Marxism Volume One: Marxism inMarxs Day Harvester, Brighton 1982 pp. 327344Lenin, Vladimir Left-Wing Communism aninfantile disorderTrotsky, Leon The Struggle Against Fascism inGermany Penguin, Harmondsworth 1975DD240.T74 or Fascism, Stalinism and theUnited Front Bookmarks, London 1989Germany: the key to the international situationand What is National Socialism

12

Classical Marxism

Hook, Sidney Towards an Understanding of

Karl Marx Gollancz, London 1933 HX97.5.H67*Haynes, Mike Russia: class and power in thetwentieth century Bookmarks, London 2003

Course proceduresOrganising your workEffectively organising your work andestablishing a balance between courserequirements and other, perhaps more appealing,aspects of your life is an important survival skillat university and elsewhere. The AcademicSkills and Learning Centre (ground floorPauline Griffin Building No 11, 6125-2972) canhelp you in developing this skill. If you haveproblems organising your work then consult thestaff at the Centre who have lots of experience inassisting students. If you have any learningdisabilities Rick and your tutor are happy todiscuss strategies for dealing with them in thecontext of the course.

Help is availableThe Academic Skills and Learning Centre(ground floor Pauline Griffin Building No 11,6125-2972) can give you assistance to improveyour ability to meet the requirements ofuniversity study, including note taking, essaywriting and understanding what teachers want.The Counselling Service (first floor,Counselling Centre & Health Services Building,next to Sports Union, 6125-2442) is there to helpyou deal with personal and family problems.The Jabal Centre (lower ground floor, MelvilleHall, 6125-3520) provides support forAboriginal Students.The Health Service (ground floor, CounsellingCentre & Health Services Building, next toSports Union, 6125-3598) has doctors (GPs) andnurses on staff who can help with medicalproblems.The Disability Services Unit (Student FacilitiesBuilding,UnionCourt,abovetheCommonwealth Bank, opposite the UnionRefectory, 6125-5036) acts as the Universitycontact point for students with disabilities.

Inclusive languageYou are encouraged to be precise in your speechand writing. For example, when you mean themale sex then man may be the appropriateterm, but not if the human species as a whole ismeant. Referring to a male person as he is finebut not if the person referred to could be female.

Assessment schemeAssessmentThe second examiner for this course is AlastairGreig. Assessment items will not be acceptedfor marking more than two weeks after theirdue dates. Your final mark will be weightedwithin the limits indicated to maximise theoutcome. The following is proposed asassessment for this course:Seminar introduction paper (1000 words) Submit by the following seminar Weighting Min 10% Max 20%Course Diary Submit by 4.00 pm Monday 24 May Weighting Min 35% Max 45%Research essay (3 000 words) Clear topic by week of Thursday 1 April Submit by 4.00 pm Monday 10 May Weighting Min 45% Max 55%Notea) regular attendance and active participationin seminars (at least seven of the ten seminars)is a prerequisite for passing this course.b) your Research essay and seminarintroduction should be on distinct topics.

Discussion of assessment scheme

The assessment scheme for the course will bediscussed in early lectures and seminars.

ParticipationAll students should come to the seminars withquestions arising from and/or comments aboutthe reading. Regular attendance and activeparticipation in at seminars (at least seven ofthe eleven seminars) is a prerequisite forpassing the course.

Course diaryDue 4.00 pm Monday 24 MayNo diaries will be accepted for marking after4.00 pm Monday 1 JuneReading and understanding what Marx andEngels and later Marxists wrote and meant is thekey aspect of this course. The idea of the coursediary is that you keep track of your reading for

14the course, your reactions (intellectual and/oranalytical and/or emotional) to it and otherreflections (on any kind of issue, reading orexperience) that are relevant to the course. Thediary can be in an exercise book or separatesheets stapled together for submission. Notedown what you read and when, along with yourreaction to the work and/or a summary and/orthoughts about its adequacy or contemporaryrelevance. This is not meant to involve polishedwork or mini-essays, but rather to be an aid toyour understanding. Full sentences and perfectsyntax are not essential, though legibility isimportant. It is also vital that you write up thediary week by week, rather than at the end ofthe course as it is due the week after lectures andtutes end. The diary must have a course coversheet (at the back of this guide), fully filled inwith the statement about acknowledgement,collaboration and resubmission signed.

Seminar introductionAll students are required to speak for about tenminutes introducing at least one seminar topic.Students are encouraged to collaborate in thepreparation of seminar introductions. Seminarintroductions should1. Outline the structure of the argument in thetext, that is the steps it goes through to reachits main conclusions.2. Identify issues, questions and controversiesarising from the reading which the group candiscuss. You can raise any difficulties orcriticisms you have with any of the reading(including weaknesses in presentation,arguments or logic), the context of itsproduction and its implications for theapplication of Marxist concepts.In order to get feedback, you may distribute adraft of your paper to all participants at yourseminar.The idea is that the seminar introduction shouldbe a basis for discussion in the group. As withother reports (oral or written) your argumentsand conclusions will be valued if they arelogical, coherent and backed up with evidence.You should time your introduction before youdeliver it, to make sure it is not too long or tooshort.

Seminar introduction paper 1 000 words

Classical MarxismDue with one week of the seminar in which itis presentedSeminar papers will not be accepted formarking after two weeks after the seminar inwhich it was presentedFormatThe paper should be 1 000 words long (plus or minus 100) be double spaced be on A4 paper have a 3 cm left margin have numbered pages have a course cover sheet (at the back of thisguide), fully filled in with the statement aboutacknowledgement,collaborationandresubmission signed preferably be typed be stapled in the top left corner not be in a plastic or other folder or envelope be submitted through the School essay box,outside the School office (Copland Room2147).Keep a spare copy of your paper in case thesubmitted one goes astray.Assessment criteriaWhen assessing your essays, the marker will takethe above into account and ask the followingquestions about your essay:Focus: Did the paper deal with the importantissues raised by the topic and raise usefulquestions that related to them?Argument: How clearly were the issuespresented? Were your assertions backed bysufficient evidence?Research: What was the depth of your readingand research? Has a range of empiricalsources and other sources been consultedand used to back up arguments?Critical reading: Did you read critically? Doesthe paper indicate awareness of differentperspectives on and/or theories relevant tothe topic?Expression: Is the paper written in a clear,precise and readable style, appropriate for anacademic essay?Referencing and format: Did you supply properreferences (no bibliography is necessary), asoutlined on page 16? Did you use follow theguidelines for formatting your paper on page14.

2010SubmissionSubmit your paper to the essay box at the Schooloffice (Copland Room 2147). The Schoolsadministrative staff keeps a record of essays etcreceived. So if it goes missing you are covered.For this reason do not submit essays direct toRick and certainly not under his office door.Marks will be deducted at the rate of 2% perworking day for papers received after the duedate. No papers will be accepted for markingafter two weeks after the due date.

Research essay/project3 000 wordsClear topic by week of Thursday 1 AprilDue 4.00 pm Monday 10 MayNo Research essays will be accepted formarking after 4.00 pm Monday 1 JuneWorking out your own topic has advantages, inparticular that you are really interested in it.Essay questions can be related to influences onclassical Marxist thought, specific aspects ofclassical Marxism (its methodology, treatment ofspecific events or issues), its application tocontemporary or historical issues.Your Research essay should: be on a topic distinct from that dealt with in atleast one of the seminars you introduced. be based on research notes which must beavailable for submission to the examiner ifrequired. Should you be unable to provideyour research notes when required, the essaymay be given a mark of zero. make use material beyond the references inthis course guide. have footnotes and a bibliography using theformat indicated under Referencing andbibliographies below. Marks will bededucted for inadequate references in notesand the bibliography.TopicSelect a topic and clear it with Rick, preferablyby Thursday 1 April, using the Approval Form atthe back of this Guide. The material discussed inseminars and lectures provides considerablescope for developing topics. You may not writean Research essay on the same seminar topic forwhich you do a presentation.An essay is an argument, it is not a series offacts, descriptions or quotations. The point of

15any essay is not just to show the amount ofinformation you know about a particular topic,but to develop and demonstrate your ability tothink critically, in terms of, for example,assessing other peoples arguments, applyingtheories, explaining developments, comparingarguments or empirical material and usingempirical material to support your ownarguments. Bear these considerations in mindboth when you select your essay question andwhen you answer it.Group workYou are encouraged to work in groups onprojects, which examine a topic at greater lengththan an essay would. Project work shouldinvolve group discussions approach, conclusionsand final product. The length of projects is 3 000words plus 2 000 words for each extraparticipant e.g. 4 000 words for two people,7 000 words for three people, 21 000 for tenpeople.FormatThe Research essay should be 3 000 words long (plus or minus 300) be double spaced be on A4 paper have a 3 cm left margin have numbered pages have a course cover sheet (at the back of thisguide), fully filled in with the statement aboutacknowledgement,collaborationandresubmission signed preferably be typed include a bibliography be stapled in the top left corner not be in a plastic or other folder or envelope be submitted through the School essay box,outside the School office (Copland Room2147).Keep a spare copy of your Research essay incase the submitted one goes astray.Assessment criteriaWhen assessing your Research essays, themarker will take the above into account and askthe following questions about your essay:Focus: How well did you answer the questionand address the main issues?Argument: How well did you argue a case inyour essay; are the subarguments wellorganised; is the structure logical and

16thought out? Were your main assertionsbacked by sufficient evidence?Research: What was the depth of your readingand research? Has a range of empiricalsources and other sources been consultedand used to back up arguments?Critical reading: Did you read critically? Doesthe essay indicate awareness of differentperspectives on and/or theories relevant tothe topic?Expression: Is the essay written in a clear,precise and readable style, appropriate for anacademic essay?Referencing and format: Did you supply properreferences and a full bibliography , asoutlined on page 16? Did you use follow theguidelines for formatting your essay on page15.SubmissionSubmit your Research essay to the essay box atthe School office (Copland Room 2147). TheSchools administrative staff keeps a record ofessays etc received. So if it goes missing you arecovered. For this reason do not submit essaysdirect to Rick and certainly not under his officedoor.Marks will be deducted at the rate of 2% perworking day for Research essays receivedafter 4.00 pm Monday 10 May. No Researchessays will generally be accepted for markingafter 4.00 pm Monday 1 June.

Referencing and bibliographies

The point of references and bibliographies is toallow readers to check or follow up the sourcesof your arguments, facts and opinions. They needto be accurate and include all the informationpeople will need to find what you found. In thiscourse, use the following as a model forreferencing.The first reference to a work in an essaysfootnote and all bibliographical citations shouldinclude author, title, publisher, place ofpublication, date. In footnotes, the authorsfirst name should precede their surname, inbibliographies the surname should come first.Reference to a book (in bibliography)Grossmann, Henryk The law of accumulationand breakdown of the capitalist system: beingalso a theory of crises, Pluto Press, London,1992 (originally published 1929)

Classical MarxismFor journal articles in addition to the authorsname and the title of the article, include thejournal, volume and number of journal, and dateof publication.Jacobs, Jack Marxism and anti-semitism:Kautskys perspective International reviewof social history 30 (3) 1985 pp. 400-430For articles in edited collections, in addition tothe authors name and the title of the articleinclude the editors name, title, publisher, placeof publication and date.Benjamin, Walter Theses on the philosophyof history in Stephen Bronner and DouglasKellner Critical theory and society Routledge,New York 1989 pp. 260-261Material found on the web should also beproperly referenced. Where possible, yourreference should include all of the followinginformation: author of specific work/page, titleof work, author/owner of site, title of site, datework published on the web, web address, dateyou accessed the work, full reference to hardcopy version of the work if there was one.Vogt, Annette Emil Julius Gumbel (18911966): the first editor of Karl Marxsmathematical manuscripts MEGA-Studien1995 2 pp. 26-41www.bbaw.de/vh/mega/studien_eng.html#vogt, accessed 14 December 2001The first time you cite a source in a footote, givethe full reference. If the same source is referredto in the note immediately after you indicate thisby writing ibid. (short for ibidem, Latin foragain) and give the specific page reference.5. Henryk Grossmann The Law ofaccumulation and breakdown of the capitalistsystem: being also a theory of crises, PlutoPress, London, 1992, p. 37.6. ibid., pp. 87-93.If you refer to a source you have already used ina previous note, but not the one immediatelybefore, write authors surname and anabbreviated version of the title, followed by useop. cit (short for opere citato, Latin for in thework quoted), followed by the specific pagereference10. Grossmann The law of accumulation, op.cit. p. 107.For more information about the footnotes systemsee the Style manual for authors, editors andprinters Wiley, Brisbane, sixth edition 2002.

2010Bibliographies should be in alphabetical order byauthor. Entries should start with the authorssurnames.

Extensions and late penalties

Extensions will only be granted if applicationsare made before the submission dates. Faculty ofArts policy is that two percent is deducted fromthe mark for that piece of work for each workingday it is late. No piece of work will be acceptedfor marking more than three weeks after its duedate, without an extension.

PlagiarismPlagiarism is copying, paraphrasing orsummarising,withoutacknowledgement, any work of another person so that itseems to be your own work. Acknowledgementincludes reference to the source of information orspecific words and clearly indicating whichwords you are quoting by using quotation marksor indenting a quoted paragraph. Plagiarismoccurs whether or not it is with the knowledge orconsent of the person whose work you plagiarise.For ANU policy and procedures regardingacademic honesty, plagiarism and appeals, pleasevisithttp://policies.anu.edu.au/policies/code_of_practice_for_student_academic_integrity/policyIf you plagiarise, the chances of being caughtare high and the penalties are severe. Even asmall amount of work which is your own isworth more, both in terms of your learning andmarks, than any amount of plagiarism. Studentswho have plagiarised in this School have beencaught and have failed as a consequence. If youare unclear about how and when to referencematerial see the instructions for referencing inthis course on page 16 and/or consult your tutorand/or refer to the Political Science Essaywriting guidehttp://arts.anu.edu.au/sss/POLSEssayGuide.pdf

Appeals proceduresIf you genuinely believe you have received aninappropriate or incorrect result in an Arts unit,there are steps you can take to have that resultreviewed.Seehttp://cass.anu.edu.au/current-students/rules-and-policies/appeals.

17

What grades mean

ReallyA system of allocating marks to studentswork that trains students to follow often abitraryinstructions in return for rewards (thatforshadow wages) in preparation for doingthe same in the labour market. adjusts students expectations about theircapacities and likely remuneration when theyenter the full-time labour market. provides, when aggregated, employers withindications of the kind of skills prospectiveemployees have.OfficiallyHigh Distinction (Above 80) Work of exceptional quality showing acommand of subject matter and appreciationof issues Has a clearly formulated argument which isdeveloped throughout the work Engages the question or topic throughout theassignment Demonstrates wide reading of relevantliterature Very well expressed High level of intellectual workDistinction (70-79) Work of high quality showing strong graspof subject matter and appreciation of majorissues though not necessarily of the finerpoints Has a clear argument which may not be fullysustained throughout the work Masters most of the concepts and issuesraised by the question Shows diligent research Clearly expressed Good intellectual workCredit (60-69) Work of good quality showing anunderstanding of subject matter andappreciation of main issues though possiblywith some lapses and inadequacies Has an argument which may not be fullysustained throughout the essay and ispossibly marred by minor weaknesses Fair range of reading Well prepared and presented

18

Classical MarxismExpression may need improvement in placesSolid intellectual work

Pass (50-59) Work of fair quality showing awareness ofthe main issues in the question but hasdifficulty framing a relevant response Argument may be weak Takes a factual approach and does notattempt to interpret the findings Modest level of research Written expression and scholarly conventionsneed improvement Competent intellectual workFail (Below 50) Work of poor quality A lack of understanding or misconception ofthe issues and concepts raised in the question No clear argument is presented Insufficient grasp of the relevance andinterrelatedness of the material beingpresented Poorly researched Expression that is difficult to understand Careless about scholarly conventions,spelling and other aspects of presentation

2010

19

Writing EssaysIn practice it is difficult, if not impossible, to separate out the form of an essay from its content. Youmay have the best, most original ideas but be unable to convey them to a reader. Essay writing is anexercise in communication. It has some peculiarities, like references and a focus on the specified topic,but shares features with other forms of communication.Essays are or should be arguments which address the essay question. Telling a story may beentertaining but it is not enough. You need to make a case for a particular position and organisesubarguments, evidence, references etc to persuade the reader of the correctness of your analysis. Inparticular it is necessary to think carefully about the structure of your argument: what is the overall argument, i.e. what do you want people to conclude from the essay (it should bepossible to summarise this in a couple of sentences at most)? what is the structure of your argument, the logic of your case? which points, examples, quotations should come first, in what order should they all go? is there a need for empirical evidence to support your argument and the assertions that constitute it?If you want to convince the person reading your essay of the correctness of the case you make, youwill need to conduct research. This will provide you with additional arguments and evidence andenable you to refer the reader to the sources of these for more details and so they can be checked. Soyou should not confine your research to just a couple of articles or books on the reading list. Youressay will be stronger if you present well founded and supported arguments and evidence which arethe product of your independent reading.Think about your prose style. The way you put together your phrases, sentences and paragraphs makesa difference to how easy your argument is to understand. To get into practice, try analysing the stylesof different authors you have to read in this and other courses. Which ones are the easiest tounderstand? Why? How do they do it? For particularly lucid prose read, for example, some GeorgeOrwell (Homage to Catalonia), Lytton Strachey (Eminent Victorians). Orwells Politics and theEnglish Language in Inside the Whale and Other Essays Penguin Harmondsworth 1966 is anexcellent guide to clear writing. It is on the web athttp://nutsandbolts.washcoll.edu/orwell.htmlandhttp://eserver.org/theory/politics-and-englishlang.txt.If you are not sure about referencing, preparing bibliographies or the spelling of a word then look it upor check the right procedure. Dictionaries are not hard to find. The Australian bible for the correctuse of abbreviations punctuation, the two different referencing systems (notes and Harvard/authordate), bibliographies etc. is the Style manual for authors, editors and printers 6th edition Wiley,Brisbane 2002 available at the information desk, Chifley Library.The secret of readable essays

Try to organise your work so you can come back to your essay after a break of at least a fewdays. Reread it. Unless you are perfect or incredibly unselfcritical you will quickly seeimprovements you can make. It doesnt hurt to get a friend to read your essay through so s/hecan point out typos, spelling mistakes and grammatical atrocities.The Political Science Essay Writing Guide ((http://arts.anu.edu.au/sss/POLSEssayGuide.PDF)) alsoincludes useful pointers on essay writing including referencing systems. If you have problems with anyaspect of essay writing, having already tried to overcome them by yourself, see Rick or your tutorabout them or talk to someone at the Academic Skills and Learning Centre (lower ground FloorChancelry Annex, 6125-2972).

Seminar topic: ___________________________________________________

Research essay topic: _______________________________________

Number of words in paper ____________Submission of this assessment item constitutes a declaration thatNo part of this work has been copied from any other persons work except where due acknowledgement is makde in the text; andNo part of this work is written by another person, except where such collaboration has been authorised by the course lecturerconcerned; andNo part of this work has been submitted for assessment in another course.The Faculty policy on plagiarism can be found at http://arts.anu.edu.au/student_information/current/rules/

Signature

_____________________________

Date _________________

You should be familiar with the Universitys Code of practice on academic honesty in learning and teaching athttp://policies.anu.edu.au/policies/code_of_practice_for_student_academic_integrity/policy

Number of words in essay ____________

Submission of this assessment item constitutes a declaration that

No part of this work has been copied from any other persons work except where due acknowledgement is makde in the text; andNo part of this work is written by another person, except where such collaboration has been authorised by the course lecturerconcerned; andNo part of this work has been submitted for assessment in another course.The Faculty policy on plagiarism can be found at http://arts.anu.edu.au/student_information/current/rules/

Signature

________________________

Date _______________

You should be familiar with the Universitys Code of practice on academic honesty in learning and teaching athttp://policies.anu.edu.au/policies/code_of_practice_for_student_academic_integrity/policy

Classical Marxism: POLS2061 2010

Course diary cover sheet

Due date 4.00 pm Monday 24 May

Your name

____________________________________

Student number

Seminar day and time

Submission of this assessment item constitutes a declaration that

No part of this work has been copied from any other persons work except where due acknowledgement is makde in the text; andNo part of this work is written by another person, except where such collaboration has been authorised by the course lecturerconcerned; andNo part of this work has been submitted for assessment in another course.The Faculty policy on plagiarism can be found at http://arts.anu.edu.au/student_information/current/rules/

Signature

________________________

Date _______________

You should be familiar with the Universitys Code of practice on academic honesty in learning and teaching athttp://policies.anu.edu.au/policies/code_of_practice_for_student_academic_integrity/policy