tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-72388491409762866272018-02-21T14:21:27.528+00:00Cruwys newsThe day-to-day activities of the Cruwys/Cruse one-name study with occasional diversions into other topics of interest such as DNA testing and personal genomicsDebbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.comBlogger436125Cruwysnewshttps://feedburner.google.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-18602331024292073412018-01-22T00:00:00.000+00:002018-02-09T16:21:02.961+00:00Small segments and pile-ups - a visualisationWe've recently been discussing the problem of pile-ups in the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/ALLGeneticGenealogy/permalink/460500964351857/">All Genetic Genealogy group</a>&nbsp;on Facebook. A pile-up is a term used in genetic genealogy to describe multiple shared autosomal DNA segments that are stacked up on top of each other on the same part of the genome. The presence of a pile-up should be considered as a warning sign. For any shared segment to have genealogical significance we would expect it to be shared only with descendants of the common ancestral couple. If we share a segment with hundreds or thousands of people it is extremely unlikely that we will&nbsp; share that section of DNA by virtue of a recent genealogical relationship within the last ten generations or so, and it is much more likely to be indicative of a false match or a more distant relationship.<br /><br />Pile-ups can occur for a number of different reasons: <br /><ul><li><b>Lack of phasing</b>. <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Phasing">Phasing</a> is the process of sorting the DNA letters (the As, Cs, Ts and Gs) onto the paternal and maternal chromosomes. AncestryDNA and MyHeritage now used phased matching which means that they phase our genotypes before trying to identify shared sections of DNA. 23andMe and Family Tree DNA use a process of half-identical matching. Our DNA is not phased but instead the algorithms zigzag backwards and forwards across two columns of unsorted DNA letters looking for consecutive runs of matching SNPs. Half-identical matching works well at identifying large shared segments of DNA but is less successful on smaller segments, and particularly segments under about 10 <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/CentiMorgan">centiMorgans (cMs</a>) in size. if a match does not survive phasing it is a false match.</li><li><b>SNP-poor regions</b>. The autosomal DNA tests used for genetic genealogy provide information on between 630,000 and 700,000 genetic markers known as&nbsp;<a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism">SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms</a>) which are scattered across the genome. These SNPs are only a tiny fraction of the three billion letters which make up the human genome, but the SNPs are specially selected for being the most informative about variations within and between populations. When trying to identify shared regions of the genome the companies are looking for long runs of consecutive SNPs that are the same (<a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Identical_by_state">identical by state or IBS</a>) in two individuals. Segments which pass the companies' <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_match_thresholds">matching thresholds</a> are declared to be <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Identical_by_descent">identical by descent (IBD)</a> and are possibly indicative of shared ancestry in a genealogical timeframe. Some companies will also apply additional algorithms to filter out known problematic regions which are unlikely to be IBD. However, because not all of our SNPs are being tested, the length of a segment can be falsely inflated. One hypothesis is that lots of small segments can become conflated into longer segments. (1) This problem is particularly likely to occur in sections of the genome which have poor coverage on the chips. (2)&nbsp;</li><li><b>Excess IBD</b>. This is a term used to describe sections of the genome which are known to be widely shared in humans or in certain populations. Such regions often offer some type of evolutionary advantage. For an overview of known excess IBD regions see the section on <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Identical_by_descent#Excess_IBD_sharing">excess IBD sharing</a>&nbsp;in the ISOGG Wiki article on IBD. In addition to looking at the size of a shared segment, some IBD detection algorithms will, therefore, also take into account the frequency of the segment. (3) The more people who share a segment, the older it is likely to be. AncestryDNA apply their proprietary Timber algorithm to phased segments and they downweight the cM count for segments that are widely shared in their database. (4)</li></ul>Each individual has their own personal pile-ups. It can be instructive to map out your pile-ups so that you are aware of your own danger zones. I've previously used Don Worth's ADSA (autosomal DNA segment analyser) tool which is available from&nbsp;<a href="https://www.dnagedcom.com/">DNAGedcom</a> to look at my pile-ups. I've also use the matching segment search at <a href="https://www.dnagedcom.com/">GEDmatch</a>&nbsp;(this tool is available to Tier 1 subscribers). (5)&nbsp; These tools are very useful for identifying problems in specific regions but it 's difficult to get a good idea of the bigger picture.<br /><br />Following on from our discussion in the All Genetic Genealogy Facebook group, Dan Edwards has been working on an exciting tool to provide a new way of visualising pile-ups. It's possible that the tool will eventually be made available on the web but for the moment it is a bespoke service. Dan has been experimenting on some of my data. He has produced for me some charts showing the distribution of shared segments across my 22 autosomes and on the X-chromosome. Dan has kindly given me permission to share my charts which are reproduced below.<br /><br />The charts are based on my Family Finder chromosome browser data from Family Tree DNA. FTDNA <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/new-match-thresholds-for-family-tree.html">updated their match thresholds in May 2016</a>, but they are still the only company that continue to include small segments under 6 cMs when inferring a relationship. It is generally accepted by genetic genealogists that the use of such small segments is problematical. (6)<br /><br />The problem with small segments can be clearly seen in the charts below. Rather than being distributed evenly across my genome, the smaller shared segments form huge spires and skyscrapers. As the segment size increases the pile-ups are greatly reduced, but there are still some parts of my genome which have some quite sizeable pile-ups on segments over 10 cMs in size. Chromosomes 9, 14, 18 and 19, in particular, seem to have a few problem areas which it is probably best for me to avoid. As more matches come in, these spires and skyscrapers can be expected to grow even more. Remember too that FTDNA only reports "matches" on small segments if the match thresholds have already been met. If matches were reported on all matches in the database down to 1 cM it's likely that the spires would be even more pronounced.<br /><br />If Dan is able to develop his tool further and make it more widely available it will be interesting to see how other people's pile-ups compare with mine. I hope that we might also be able to identify a reason for some of the pile-ups. In the meantime I hope you enjoy looking at my pictures.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UeDwK9Qx59Y/WmTZ7ZE8-0I/AAAAAAAAEjo/Twg-NMbUhysWXJJfUAtYgIk91VGYLCuYACLcBGAs/s1600/chr1_DeborahAnneKennett_2018-01-21_064227.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1600" height="456" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UeDwK9Qx59Y/WmTZ7ZE8-0I/AAAAAAAAEjo/Twg-NMbUhysWXJJfUAtYgIk91VGYLCuYACLcBGAs/s640/chr1_DeborahAnneKennett_2018-01-21_064227.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KEgVM4fYG28/WmTa38nXtsI/AAAAAAAAEko/cBRqKVtZLs4dHYLp_-zTQWPSS2EdXGfXwCLcBGAs/s1600/chr2_DeborahAnneKennett_2018-01-21_064227.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1600" height="456" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KEgVM4fYG28/WmTa38nXtsI/AAAAAAAAEko/cBRqKVtZLs4dHYLp_-zTQWPSS2EdXGfXwCLcBGAs/s640/chr2_DeborahAnneKennett_2018-01-21_064227.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pCPYxAL08jo/WmTa3YE4JgI/AAAAAAAAEkg/3qDckF1urjA2yd_1fq7AoXut78iOueKNQCLcBGAs/s1600/chr21_DeborahAnneKennett_2018-01-21_064227.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1600" height="456" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-pCPYxAL08jo/WmTa3YE4JgI/AAAAAAAAEkg/3qDckF1urjA2yd_1fq7AoXut78iOueKNQCLcBGAs/s640/chr21_DeborahAnneKennett_2018-01-21_064227.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XheODn6dCxI/WmTa3o4QTGI/AAAAAAAAEkk/znnz1GF0oycx8jSCE6dAYH8w21BlmH81QCLcBGAs/s1600/chr22_DeborahAnneKennett_2018-01-21_064227.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1600" height="456" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XheODn6dCxI/WmTa3o4QTGI/AAAAAAAAEkk/znnz1GF0oycx8jSCE6dAYH8w21BlmH81QCLcBGAs/s640/chr22_DeborahAnneKennett_2018-01-21_064227.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DIE0FuAI09g/WmTa6E_o_rI/AAAAAAAAElI/MpMZQTjDvqQmvUpFpaITywAsMFIzbq9QwCLcBGAs/s1600/chrX_DeborahAnneKennett_2018-01-21_064227.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1600" height="456" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DIE0FuAI09g/WmTa6E_o_rI/AAAAAAAAElI/MpMZQTjDvqQmvUpFpaITywAsMFIzbq9QwCLcBGAs/s640/chrX_DeborahAnneKennett_2018-01-21_064227.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><h2>Footnotes</h2><b>(1)</b> See:&nbsp;Chiang CWK, Ralph P, Novembre J (2016). <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935417">Conflation of short identity-by-descent segments bias their inferred length distribution</a>. <i>G3 Genes Genomes Genetic</i>s 6: 1287.<br /><div><br /><b>(2)</b> For a useful overview of SNP coverage on the chips used by AncestryDNA and 23andMe see Rebekah Canada's series of articles on the subject of&nbsp;<a href="http://haplogroup.org/exploring-microarray-chips/">exploring microarray chips</a>.<br /><br /><b>(3)</b> For a good overview of the methodology of IBD detection see Browning and Browning (2012):&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22994355">Identity by descent between distant relatives: detection and applications</a>&nbsp;(<i>Annual Review of Genetics</i>&nbsp;2012; 46: 617-33). The authors state: "The key idea behind IBD segment detection is haplotype frequency. If the frequency of a shared haplotype is very small, the haplotype is unlikely to be observed twice in independently sampled individuals, so one can infer the presence of an IBD segment. This criterion can be applied in several ways. The first is length of sharing, which is a proxy for frequency. If two densely genotyped haplotypes are identical at all or most (allowing for some genotyping error) assayed alleles over a very large segment of a chromosome, then the haplotypes are likely to be identical by descent across the whole segment. The second is direct use of haplotype frequency: Shared haplotypes with estimated frequency below some threshold are determined to be identical by descent. The third makes use of a population genetics model to infer probability of IBD. Given the frequency of the shared haplotype and a probability model for the IBD process along the chromosome, one can estimate the probability that the individuals are identical by descent at any position on the segment."<br /><br /><b>(4)</b> For a good explanation of how the AncestryDNA algorithm works read the blog post by Julie Granka on&nbsp;<a href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2015/6/8/filtering-dna-matches-at-ancestrydna-with-timber/">Filtering DNA matches at AncestryDNA with Timber</a>. Take a look in particular at the figure in that blog post. Although the majority of phased segments filtered out by Timber are smaller segments under 15 cMs, note that it also downweights some larger segments up to 50 cMs in size.<br /><br /><b>(5)</b> Peter Alefounder has developed a tool known as the Geneal Segment Stacker but I've not yet had time to play around with it. There are further details in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/isogg/10156056498662922/">this thread in the ISOGG Facebook group</a>.<br /><br /><b>(6)</b> For an excellent summary on the current state of our knowledge on the subject of small segments see the blog post&nbsp;<a href="https://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2017/12/29/a-small-segment-round-up/">A small segment round up</a>&nbsp;by Blaine Bettinger.<br /><br /><b>Further reading</b><br /><br /><ul><li><a href="http://ourpuzzlingpast.com/geneblog/2015/01/31/chromosome-pile-ups-in-genetic-genealogy-examples-from-23andme-and-ftdna/">Chromosome pile-ups in genetic genealogy: examples from FTDNA and 23andMe</a>. <i>Genealogy and Genomics</i>, 31 January 2015.</li></ul></div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/1MnZ9SLtX-k" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com3http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2018/01/small-segments-and-pile-ups.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-91660181728237134682018-01-14T02:07:00.001+00:002018-01-14T20:25:23.270+00:00A chromosome browser and a new matching algorithm at MyHeritageThere was a big update at MyHeritage on Thursday this week. They rolled out their updated matching algorithms and also introduced a new chromosome browser feature. MyHeritage have written an excellent blog post which explains the changes in more detail and also provides a good overview of the technicalities of DNA matching written in easy-to-understand language. You can read the article here:<br /><ul><li><a href="https://blog.myheritage.com/2018/01/major-updates-and-improvements-to-myheritage-dna-matching/">Major updates and improvements to MyHeritage DNA matching</a></li></ul>All MyHeritage customers are currently automatically opted in to DNA matching. If, for any reason, you do not want to be notified of matches you can opt out in the My Privacy DNA settings.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2bcs8jfetWg/Wlqv4XWL_iI/AAAAAAAAEdc/IRjpQJca1AAwaokiBY7496skL12h8-9aACLcBGAs/s1600/My%2Bprivacy%2Bsettings.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="490" data-original-width="985" height="318" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2bcs8jfetWg/Wlqv4XWL_iI/AAAAAAAAEdc/IRjpQJca1AAwaokiBY7496skL12h8-9aACLcBGAs/s640/My%2Bprivacy%2Bsettings.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>I previously had 49 matches at MyHeritage. The new algorithms have allowed them to drop the threshold and report more distant matches. I now have a grand total of 1474 matches. Before the changeover I found that <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/parent-and-child-comparisons-at_26.html">72% of my matches did not match either of my parents</a>. Previously I had to go through all my matches one by one and check whether or not they matched my parents. Now, if I click on my matches with my mum and dad, I can see the tally of the matches along with a list of all the matches I share with them. I now share 530 matches with my dad and 473 with my mum. This means that 1003 of my 1474 matches (68%) match my parents. The mismatch rate has been reduced to 32% which is a huge improvement. MyHeritage announced at the end of December that they had tested <a href="https://blog.myheritage.com/2017/12/2017-year-in-review/">1.08 million people</a> so the number of matches is much more in line with what we might expect from such a large database. MyHeritage advised in November that the majority of their customers were in the US but that "<a href="http://thednageek.com/myheritage-has-nearly-700000-in-their-database/">sales in Europe are strong</a>".<br /><br />There are some useful filters which can be used to sort your matches. Currently you can view matches that have family trees, shared surnames and Smart Matches.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kqu4QCdot8E/WlqjAmpIyZI/AAAAAAAAEdA/SSSotPwJV30U6HB9KA_LciDwEMku6K4DACLcBGAs/s1600/Sort%2Bby%2Btrees%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="222" data-original-width="1243" height="113" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kqu4QCdot8E/WlqjAmpIyZI/AAAAAAAAEdA/SSSotPwJV30U6HB9KA_LciDwEMku6K4DACLcBGAs/s640/Sort%2Bby%2Btrees%2Bcopy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />I found that 1,255 of my 1474 matches (85%) have uploaded trees. However, no indication is given of the completeness of the trees, and I've noticed that some of the trees only contain a single person.<br /><br />Two hundred and thirty-one of my matches have shared ancestral surnames. On a brief perusal, many of these are common surnames like Johnson and Williams, and the people I match with these surnames seem to be mostly in America and will likely have no connection with Berkshire or Devon where my ancestors with these surnames are to be found. I would suggest it's best to focus on shared matches with rarer surnames.<br /><br />I like the way that MyHeritage displays country flags as this makes it much easier to identify people in the countries where you are mostly likely to find recent genetic cousins. Even better, it is possible to filter matches by country, as well as searching for matches by surname and full name. The menu can be found on your DNA Matches page.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0PRkxZmn3wo/Wlu48VYofNI/AAAAAAAAEeE/T19HmYwuo5YljlHzcWV-c_20DwG6bETdQCLcBGAs/s1600/Country%2Bsearch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="1199" height="180" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0PRkxZmn3wo/Wlu48VYofNI/AAAAAAAAEeE/T19HmYwuo5YljlHzcWV-c_20DwG6bETdQCLcBGAs/s640/Country%2Bsearch.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Note that the country search box will only accept a single word so if you are searching for matches from Great Britain simply enter the word "Great". Similarly if you're trying to locate matches from New Zealand search for the word "New". I currently have 123 matches from Great Britain, 12 matches from Ireland, 62 matches from Australia, 16 matches from New Zealand, 41 matches from Canada and 867 matches from the USA. Many thanks to <a href="https://www.genie1.com.au/">Louise Coakley</a> for alerting me to this filter and for the tip about searching for matches from Great Britain and New Zealand.<br /><br />My Heritage have also added a chromosome browser so that you can see a visual display of your matches. You need to scroll right down to the bottom of the match page to locate the tool. Here's the chromosome browser view of my closest match from the UK.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6RrcmJXlA6Q/WlqsH2meInI/AAAAAAAAEdQ/jjEGa40NdQ0qaZXfduOBpeziAjgPJyFYgCLcBGAs/s1600/Chromosome%2Bbrowser.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="551" data-original-width="732" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6RrcmJXlA6Q/WlqsH2meInI/AAAAAAAAEdQ/jjEGa40NdQ0qaZXfduOBpeziAjgPJyFYgCLcBGAs/s640/Chromosome%2Bbrowser.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>If I click on the Advanced Options on the top right of the chromosome browser I can download the matching segment data. In this case my match shares three segments of DNA with me which are 13.07 cMs, 6.04 cMs and 6.14 cMs respectively in size.<br /><br />I recognise the names of some people who match me at other companies. I've not done a proper check but my sense is that the people who match me as 3rd to 5th cousins at MyHeritage are assigned more distant relationships at Ancestry (4th to 6th cousin or 5th to 8th cousins). Given that I'm not able to make the genealogical connections with these people I suspect the AncestryDNA estimates are more appropriate.<br /><br />There's also a facility to sort matches by shared DNA, largest segment, full name and most recent. Apart from my mum and dad, I currently have no matches closer than third to fifth cousin. My highest match is somebody in America who shares 0.4% (31.9 cMs with me (0.4%) spread across four segments. However, the longest segment is only 12.8 cMs. This match only shares a total of 12.8‎ cMs (0.2%) with my dad. I can see that the remaining three segments this match shares with me that are not shared with my dad are all very small (6.49, 6.03 and 6.62 cMs respectively) so I would guess that these are false positive segments.<br /><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div><b>Partnership with FTDNA</b></div><div>MyHeritage use the Family Tree DNA labs in Houston, Texas, for their testing. If you've tested at MyHeritage you have the option of taking advantage of the free transfer to Family Tree DNA. The link can be found at the bottom of your DNA results page.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9VrscAV6eWs/WlqzqL9RFyI/AAAAAAAAEds/sQyvdcYZZzUpVqVXOQuMay8YX4NvCyQZgCLcBGAs/s1600/FTDNA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="223" data-original-width="1224" height="116" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9VrscAV6eWs/WlqzqL9RFyI/AAAAAAAAEds/sQyvdcYZZzUpVqVXOQuMay8YX4NvCyQZgCLcBGAs/s640/FTDNA.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div>Further details of the transfer programme can be <a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/autosomal-transfer">found here</a>.</div><div><br /></div><div>Similarly, if you've tested at FTDNA you can transfer your results free of charge to MyHeritage using the <a href="https://www.myheritage.com/DNA/Upload">MyHeritage Upload link</a>. Both companies have different databases and you will find people in both databases who have not tested elsewhere. You never know where you are going to get those all-important breakthrough matches so it's best to "fish in all the ponds".</div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>Conclusion</b></div><div>MyHeritage have done an excellent job overhauling their matching algorithms. It is surprisingly difficult with current technology to identify distant matches, especially when results are being combined across different platforms. I think that MyHeritage are going about the matching in the right way and they are being very responsive to the feedback provided by genetic genealogists. I am sure we will see further improvements in the months and years to come. I look forward to receiving many more matches and to confirming my first relationship at MyHeritage DNA.</div><div><div><br /></div><div><b>Other reviews</b></div><div><ul><li><a href="http://dnasurnames.blogspot.co.uk/2018/01/kudos-to-myheritage.html">Kudos to MyHeritage</a>&nbsp;by Lorna Henderson</li><li><a href="http://thednageek.com/myheritage-overhauls-their-matching-algorithm/">MyHeritage overhauls their matching algorithm</a> by Leah Larkin</li><li><a href="http://anglo-celtic-connections.blogspot.co.uk/2018/01/myheritage-improves-dna-service.html">MyHeritage improves DNA matches</a> by John Reid</li></ul></div></div></div></div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/9Givp1BvGf8" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com4http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2018/01/a-chromosome-browser-and-new-matching.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-40287260460332153272017-11-23T20:56:00.002+00:002017-11-23T20:57:32.099+00:00DNA sales for Black Friday 2017Black Friday is a concept that's been imported from America. It's the day after the US Thanksgiving holiday and traditionally the day when Americans start their Christmas shopping. The retailers often provide special deals to lure everyone to the shops. Lots of shops and websites are now trying to do the same in the UK and, whether we like or not, Black Friday is here to stay. For genetic genealogists benefit of this gimmick is that the DNA testing companies are jumping onto the bandwagon and offering DNA kits at reduced prices not just for their US customers but for people in the UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and other countries too.<br /><br />I was going to do a blog post summarising all the current Black Friday&nbsp;offers but Michelle Leonard has already beaten me to it. If you want to find out about all the special deals make sure you check out Michelle's blog post <a href="http://www.ancestryhour.co.uk/blog/black-friday-dna-sales-2017">Black Friday DNA Sales 2017</a>. She will&nbsp;update the page with new offers as they become available. Note that many of these discounts are for a very limited period only and will expire on Monday which is now known as Cyber Monday&nbsp;<span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt;">–</span>&nbsp;the day when many people (though not me!) start their online Christmas shopping.<br /><br />For full details of all the Family Tree DNA sale prices, including all the discounted upgrades, see my previous post <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/11/ftdnas-13th-international-genetic.html">FTDNA's 13th International Genetic Genealogy Conference and the FTDNA sale</a>.<br /><br />If you've not yet had your DNA tested or want to test additional family members or you want to get your DNA into a different database now is a great time to test.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/tc29k_T4vGg" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/11/dna-sales-for-black-friday-2017.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-32726047078300666612017-11-13T15:37:00.000+00:002017-11-23T12:09:55.656+00:00FTDNA's 13th International Genetic Genealogy Conference and the FTDNA sale<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">At the weekend <a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/">Family Tree DNA</a> held their 13th International Genetic Genealogy Conference for group administrators. You can see the <a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/conference">full programme here</a>. I've been following the news from the conference on Twitter by checking out the hashtag <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ftdna2017?f=tweets&amp;vertical=default&amp;src=hash">#FTDNA2017</a>. Thank you to <a href="https://twitter.com/khborges">Katherine Borges</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/LJC777">Lisa Janine Cloud</a>,&nbsp; <a href="https://twitter.com/louiskessler">Louis Kessler</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://twitter.com/MarilynSouders">Marilyn Souders</a> for all the tweets and photos.</div><br />Some of the conference attendees have blogged about the conference. I've provided a list below which I will update if further articles become available.<br /><br /><b>Conference reports from Jennifer Zinck</b><br />Jennifer always writes wonderfully detailed notes from the conference and I recommend reading her articles in their entirety. It's almost like being there in person!<b></b><br /><ul><li><a href="http://www.ancestorcentral.com/13th-international-genetic-genealogy-conference-saturday">13th International Genetic Genealogy Conference – Saturday</a></li><li><a href="http://www.ancestorcentral.com/13th-international-genetic-genealogy-conference-sunday/">13th International Genetic Genealogy Conference – Sunday</a></li></ul><b><b>Conference reports from Louis Kessler</b></b><br /><div>Louis Kessler is a first-time conference attendee. He provides an interesting perspective and has also shared a selection of photographs.<br /><ul><li><a href="http://www.beholdgenealogy.com/blog/?p=2346">FTDNA’s 13th International Genetic Genealogy Conf, Day 1</a></li><li><a href="http://www.beholdgenealogy.com/blog/?p=2358">FTDNA’s 13th International Genetic Genealogy Conf Day 2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.beholdgenealogy.com/blog/?p=2373">FTDNA’s 13th International Genetic Genealogy Conf Day 3</a></li><li><a href="http://www.beholdgenealogy.com/blog/?p=2374">FTDNA's 13th IGG conference lab tour</a></li></ul><div><b>Conference report from Judy Russell</b></div><div><ul><li><a href="https://www.legalgenealogist.com/2017/11/12/whats-not-in-our-genes/">What's not in our genes</a>&nbsp;An overview of Michael Hammer's talk</li></ul><div><b>Conference report from Rob van Drie</b></div></div><div><ul><li><a href="http://cbg.nl/actueel/verslag-Genetic-Genealogy-Conference-2017/">Report Genetic Genealogy Conference 2017 (Family Tree DNA)</a></li></ul></div><div><b>Presentations</b></div><div>The slides from some of the presentations will be made available to project administrators.</div><div><br /></div><div>Maurice Gleeson has shared his two conference presentations on his YouTube channel:</div><div><ul><li><a href="https://youtu.be/2qyRWcV4WME">Building a mutation history tree</a></li><li><a href="https://youtu.be/b699tkdnX0A">Grouping your project members</a></li></ul></div><b><span style="font-size: large;">FTDNA sale</span></b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e2CKUjX7HMQ/Wgm20Ps6WxI/AAAAAAAAEa4/J2jD_M-hYLwXfZFeWCMGTOmYsnojxaYPwCLcBGAs/s1600/Sale%2BChristmas%2B2017.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="433" data-original-width="1600" height="171" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e2CKUjX7HMQ/Wgm20Ps6WxI/AAAAAAAAEa4/J2jD_M-hYLwXfZFeWCMGTOmYsnojxaYPwCLcBGAs/s640/Sale%2BChristmas%2B2017.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />At the close of the conference FTDNA <a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/sale">announced a sale</a> which will run until the end of the year. Upgrades are also included in the sale. Here is a chart showing the sale prices.<br /><div><br /></div><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 571px;"> <colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 12800; mso-width-source: userset; width: 263pt;" width="350"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 3547; mso-width-source: userset; width: 73pt;" width="97"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 4534; mso-width-source: userset; width: 93pt;" width="124"></col> </colgroup><tbody><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350">Individual Tests </td> <td class="xl71" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 73pt;" width="97">Sale price</td> <td class="xl72" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 93pt;" width="124">Regular price</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Family Finder (FF)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$59</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$89</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>mtFull Sequence (FMS)</div></td> <td class="xl70" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$169</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$199</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Y-37</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$129</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$169</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Y-67</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$229</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$268</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Y-111</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$299</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$359</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl66" height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"></td> <td class="xl73"></td> <td class="xl74"></td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div></div><div>Test Bundles</div></td> <td class="xl73" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700;">Sale price</td> <td class="xl74" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700;">Regular price</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Family Finder + Y-37</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$178</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$238</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Family Finder + Y-67</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$278</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$337</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>FF + mtFull Sequence</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$218</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$268</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>FF + Y-67 + mtFull Sequence</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$442</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$536</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl66" height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"></td> <td class="xl73"></td> <td class="xl74"></td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div></div><div>Upgrades</div></td> <td class="xl73" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700;">Sale price</td> <td class="xl74" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700;">Regular price</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>mt/mtPlus to FMS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$119</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$159</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Big Y&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$475</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$575</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Y-12 to Y-37&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$69</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$109</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Y-25 to Y-37 &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$35</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$59</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Y-37 to Y-67</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$79</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$109</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Y-37 to Y-111&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$168</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$228</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; width: 263pt;" width="350"><div>Y-67 to Y-111&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div></td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$99</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">$129</td> </tr></tbody></table></div><br />Note that, in addition to the above prices, FTDNA charges $12.95 for shipping. Kits for customers in the US are sent out by DHL and the cost includes return shipping. Customers in other countries will need to pay the return postage separately.<br /><br />There is also a 15% discount on SNPs and SNP packs for the sale period.<br /><br />FTDNA have given existing customers discount codes (coupons) which can be used to get a further reduction on the sale price. You'll need to log into your FTDNA account and click on the Holiday Reward to see your offer. As always, a number of people have taken the initiative to set up collaborative spreadsheets where unused coupons can be shared and exchanged.<br /><br />A spreadsheet is available <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1CgXRKz2TySvRqSInveSIYoslO7yexAc9d-BzpNhaY1c/edit#gid=1193411620">from this link</a>&nbsp;that was shared on the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Haplogroup/posts/1866576850051018">Haplogroup Facebook page</a>.<br /><br />There are also other spreadsheets being maintained by specific groups such as the <a href="https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/R1b1c_U106-S21/info">U106 group on Yahoo</a>.</div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/666hvAR3a9E" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/11/ftdnas-13th-international-genetic.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-28220596034781229362017-11-08T10:47:00.002+00:002017-11-08T10:47:39.987+00:0023andMe passes three million milestone<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qtU4_C4zdGg/WgLgnh-Q5-I/AAAAAAAAEak/1EzvEr9BF2cWKkx6iaMHO_i0ej7dP_1dACLcBGAs/s1600/Logo-Image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1600" height="228" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qtU4_C4zdGg/WgLgnh-Q5-I/AAAAAAAAEak/1EzvEr9BF2cWKkx6iaMHO_i0ej7dP_1dACLcBGAs/s320/Logo-Image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>I've not been able to find any official announcement but 23andMe now state on the <a href="https://mediacenter.23andme.com/company/about-us/">About Us page on their website</a> that they have genotyped over three million customers. This figure is also cited in an <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/2017/11/03/travelers-take-trips-explore-their-genealogy/812008001/">article on genealogy tourism</a> published in <i>USA Today</i> on 3rd November 2017.<br /><br />The 23andMe database stood at <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/04/23andme-passes-two-million-milestone.html">two million in April 2017</a>&nbsp;when it was announced that they had received FDA approval to provide health reports for their US customers. That means they have tested one million people in the last seven months.<br /><br />It was announced in October that 23andMe had "<a href="http://www.nature.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-and-rise-again-of-23andme-1.22801">launched an advertising blitz to dramatically expand its customer base to 10 million people</a>". How long will it be before they reach that goal?<br /><br /><i>Thanks to Ritchie Hansen for alerting me to the USA Today story in the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/geneticgenealogytipsandtechniques/">Genetic Genealogy Tips and Techniques group</a> on Facebook.</i><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/sPAIBwhpIlQ" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com3http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/11/23andme-passes-three-million-milestone.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-87317467432521569922017-11-02T22:01:00.000+00:002017-11-08T20:56:17.833+00:00AncestryDNA updates – six million customers, a new DNA Story layout and changes to the consent processThere have been a few changes at Ancestry DNA in the last few days. They've started to roll out a new presentation for their "ethnicity" reports and&nbsp;<a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/03/ancestrydnas-new-genetic-communities.html">Genetic Communities</a>. The two features are now integrated which makes them much easier to use. This is what my new home page looks like. The admixture percentages have not changed but I am encouraged to click through to view my DNA Story.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2OXtFqYV9-8/WftR3P9RNDI/AAAAAAAAEYA/VZv0Pbvz7a45H1nB5SJRWFCnZfsgMhbEgCLcBGAs/s1600/AncestryDNA%2Bhome%2Bpage%2B2%2BNov%2B2017.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="1230" height="260" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2OXtFqYV9-8/WftR3P9RNDI/AAAAAAAAEYA/VZv0Pbvz7a45H1nB5SJRWFCnZfsgMhbEgCLcBGAs/s640/AncestryDNA%2Bhome%2Bpage%2B2%2BNov%2B2017.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Here is my new DNA Story page. By default the low-confidence regions are not shown, but I've expanded them in this screenshot.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RKFs-1-yY-c/WftTbxd7TWI/AAAAAAAAEYQ/dmDUSMevKPUy6nUcwS5WFxiMUel391XKwCLcBGAs/s1600/DNA%2Bstory%2B2%2BNov%2B2017.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="846" data-original-width="1600" height="337" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RKFs-1-yY-c/WftTbxd7TWI/AAAAAAAAEYQ/dmDUSMevKPUy6nUcwS5WFxiMUel391XKwCLcBGAs/s640/DNA%2Bstory%2B2%2BNov%2B2017.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />I currently have one Genetic Community for Southern England. That is now nested inside the Great Britain region.<br /><br />The admixture component that was previously labelled Ireland has now been renamed as Ireland/Scotland/Wales. However, this component actually covers much of England as well, and overlaps with the Southern England Genetic Community, as can be seen below.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oXvsYqVVVeA/WftUmq7KWII/AAAAAAAAEYc/ejGUxWSB4AgrNXFY2nrWhpnXobK5ONQwgCLcBGAs/s1600/Ireland%2Bregionjpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="761" data-original-width="1600" height="304" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oXvsYqVVVeA/WftUmq7KWII/AAAAAAAAEYc/ejGUxWSB4AgrNXFY2nrWhpnXobK5ONQwgCLcBGAs/s640/Ireland%2Bregionjpg.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />The timeline is now conveniently located at the bottom of the page. It's easy to click through and read the historical detail for the different periods. Here's my timeline from 1850 which shows the migrations of the people in my Southern England community. This is the era of peak emigration, particularly to Australia, New Zealand, Canada and America, and it's fascinating to see how these connections are showing up in the DNA.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2NLIXNfSK00/WftWivwqssI/AAAAAAAAEYs/xzSFQ17qQjIjdEXbrjWntxYc1LcXNQIUgCLcBGAs/s1600/Timeline%2B1850.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="759" data-original-width="1600" height="302" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2NLIXNfSK00/WftWivwqssI/AAAAAAAAEYs/xzSFQ17qQjIjdEXbrjWntxYc1LcXNQIUgCLcBGAs/s640/Timeline%2B1850.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Some people are also seeing Migrations listed below their "ethnicity" report. This only applies if the person's genetic community is not part of their admixture regions.<br /><br /><b>AncestryDNA database now at six million and changes to the consent process</b><br />AncestryDNA have also <a href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2017/11/02/continued-commitment-to-customer-privacy-and-control/">announced that their database has reached six million</a>. They had <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/08/ancestrydna-hits-five-million-milestone.html">five million people in their database</a> at the beginning of August 2017, which means they've added one million to their database in less than three months. The good news is that much of that growth has taken place in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.<br /><br />At the same time AncestryDNA have also made some changes to the DNA cousin-matching service, as described in&nbsp;<a href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2017/11/02/continued-commitment-to-customer-privacy-and-control/">this blog post</a>. Most importantly, customers now have the ability to opt out of cousin matching, and new customers have to actively consent to participate in the relative-matching database. This is what the test settings now look like for existing customers.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xj9BEpKkbjw/Wftckp-pe9I/AAAAAAAAEY8/vEnKcNJ4sUMDfWVe4PcWe1LwMr8zjorBQCLcBGAs/s1600/See%2Band%2Bbe%2Bseen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="713" height="376" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xj9BEpKkbjw/Wftckp-pe9I/AAAAAAAAEY8/vEnKcNJ4sUMDfWVe4PcWe1LwMr8zjorBQCLcBGAs/s640/See%2Band%2Bbe%2Bseen.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />This is the message you get if you want to change the settings for your DNA matches.<br /><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IqPD-YZfLZY/WfuVDrOkTSI/AAAAAAAAEZ0/HFwHSeLsEKE7CjfpG31O4d4yTDBSb2M_ACLcBGAs/s1600/DNA%2Bmatch%2Bsettings.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="341" data-original-width="548" height="398" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IqPD-YZfLZY/WfuVDrOkTSI/AAAAAAAAEZ0/HFwHSeLsEKE7CjfpG31O4d4yTDBSb2M_ACLcBGAs/s640/DNA%2Bmatch%2Bsettings.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Here is the page in the activation process for new testers where you have to consent to "see and be seen" by your DNA matches.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S_RKowRyMxk/WfuDRwz3kgI/AAAAAAAAEZU/ogpA30kGqmMNLSbrB8CypDbD3C7Zd5zbACLcBGAs/s1600/View%2BDNA%2Bmatches.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="635" data-original-width="685" height="592" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-S_RKowRyMxk/WfuDRwz3kgI/AAAAAAAAEZU/ogpA30kGqmMNLSbrB8CypDbD3C7Zd5zbACLcBGAs/s640/View%2BDNA%2Bmatches.png" width="640" /></a></div>This is what the home page now looks like if the tester decides not to opt in to matching. (<i>Many thanks to Michelle Leonard for these two screenshots.</i>)<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T1c9noYYIqs/WfxMJvb6YEI/AAAAAAAAEaQ/viLpYU77R6ATnZddRkKMZN-MiXY_zTRIQCLcBGAs/s1600/See%2Bor%2Bbe%2Bseen%2Bhome%2Bpage%2Bblurred.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="711" data-original-width="1486" height="306" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T1c9noYYIqs/WfxMJvb6YEI/AAAAAAAAEaQ/viLpYU77R6ATnZddRkKMZN-MiXY_zTRIQCLcBGAs/s640/See%2Bor%2Bbe%2Bseen%2Bhome%2Bpage%2Bblurred.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>This is a very welcome change, and I'm just surprised that it didn't happen sooner. This brings AncestryDNA into line with 23andMe and Family Tree DNA, both of whom require the tester to opt in to be included in the matching database.<br /><br />I always warn my fellow genealogists to be prepared for the unexpected. With the growth in the DNA databases we are finding many examples of <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/dna-surprises.html">surprise DNA matches</a>.&nbsp;Some people are getting unexpected matches with previously unknown close relatives, and sometimes even with unknown siblings and parents. Much of the focus of the AncestryDNA marketing campaigns has been on the admixture percentages, and this has helped to bring in a whole new demographic to DNA testing, many of whom have then been inspired to start researching their family tree. However, many of these people don't realise that the test also has a direct genealogical application and can be used for cousin matching. I've personally come across a couple of instances of people testing to get the admixture percentages and then finding by chance that they had an unknown parent or child in the database. These discoveries were made in the most inappropriate circumstances and the embarrassment could have been avoided if there had been a proper consent process in place at the time. It's important that everyone who participates in the DNA matching database understands what they are doing and that they are forewarned about the implications so that they can make their own choices based on their individual circumstances. Not everyone is willing or ready to discover unknown relatives and their wishes should be respected.<br /><br /><b>Further reading</b><br /><br /><ul><li><a href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2017/11/08/your-dna-has-a-story-to-share-now-theres-a-better-way-to-tell-it">Your DNA has a story to tell</a> - the official blog post from the Ancestry team</li><li>Donna Rutherford has written <a href="http://donnarutherford.com/?p=244">a nice blog post about her new DNA Story feature</a> at AncestryDNA.</li></ul><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/LZPhVvKJ51g" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com2http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/11/ancestrydna-updates-six-million.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-16565769954724053052017-10-27T00:45:00.000+01:002017-10-27T00:48:28.377+01:0023andMe now offers an ancestry-only DNA test in Europe and Canada23andMe offer a very interesting test which includes both health and ancestry reports. However, because of the high cost of the test, it has never been practical to use it in the UK for genealogy purposes. Our American friends have had the option to buy an ancestry-only test for $99 for a while now but that facility has not been available in other countries. That situation has all changed some time in the last few days though we don't know exactly when this change was rolled out. In the countries where 23andMe offer health reports it is now possible to order an ancestry-only test at a lower and affordable price. Here are the new prices.<br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 604px;"> <colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 8045; mso-width-source: userset; width: 165pt;" width="220"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 2998; mso-width-source: userset; width: 62pt;" width="82"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 5997; mso-width-source: userset; width: 123pt;" width="164"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 5046; mso-width-source: userset; width: 104pt;" width="138"></col> </colgroup><tbody><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl73" height="21" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; height: 15.75pt; width: 165pt;" width="220">Country</td> <td class="xl74" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 62pt;" width="82">Ancestry</td> <td class="xl74" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 123pt;" width="164">Ancestry and health</td> <td class="xl74" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 104pt;" width="138">Return shipping</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">UK</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">£79</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">£149</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">£9.99</td> </tr><tr height="41" style="height: 30.75pt;"> <td class="xl66" height="41" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 30.75pt; width: 165pt;" width="220">Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and the Netherlands&nbsp;</td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">&nbsp;€99</td> <td class="xl69" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">&nbsp;€169</td> <td class="xl70" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">&nbsp;€9.99</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt; text-align: left;">Canada</td> <td class="xl71" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">C$129</td> <td class="xl71" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">C$249</td> <td class="xl70" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; color: #222222; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">C$19.95</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">US</td> <td class="xl72" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">$99</td> <td class="xl72" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">$199</td> <td class="xl72" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;">$9.95</td> </tr></tbody></table><br />For the remaining countries where the 23andMe test is sold, an international ancestry-only test is available for US $99 plus shipping. The cost of the international test has also been reduced in recent months. Previously this test cost $149 outside the US. Shipping costs vary from country to country, but these costs have also been greatly reduced. You can find full details of international availability and shipping costs by country on the <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/23andMe#International_availability">23andMe page</a> in the ISOGG Wiki.<br /><br />These reduced prices are really good news for genetic genealogists. At £79 the 23andMe test represents very good value for money. In addition to receiving cousin matches and a biogeographical ancestry analysis, the test will also give you haplogroup assignments (Y-DNA and mtDNA for males; mtDNA only for females). The Y-DNA and mtDNA reports can't be used for matching purposes but they are very useful if you just want a general overview of your ancestry. 23andMe are also the only genetic genealogy company that provides reports on your Neanderthal ancestry.<br /><br />Here is a screenshot of my 23andMe ancestry reports.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1fRAv_ZTCAU/WfJt1pw0ZvI/AAAAAAAAEXc/gkaf79gFFdIwVE1D1Ual-m8oX_C-tgtIACLcBGAs/s1600/23andMe%2Bancestry%2Breports.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="712" height="428" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1fRAv_ZTCAU/WfJt1pw0ZvI/AAAAAAAAEXc/gkaf79gFFdIwVE1D1Ual-m8oX_C-tgtIACLcBGAs/s640/23andMe%2Bancestry%2Breports.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>This is an extract from my Neanderthal ancestry report. There is a lot more detail in these reports which there is not space to include here.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iktxsMfUK3k/WfJt8DdLxLI/AAAAAAAAEXk/df23d1caSxA_cgfdXriKNKDOddpcUxSFQCLcBGAs/s1600/Neanderthal%2Bvariants.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="788" data-original-width="1445" height="347" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iktxsMfUK3k/WfJt8DdLxLI/AAAAAAAAEXk/df23d1caSxA_cgfdXriKNKDOddpcUxSFQCLcBGAs/s640/Neanderthal%2Bvariants.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />The Neanderthal report also includes this chromosome map showing the location of the Neanderthal variants in your genome.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-31Z2vXQnscc/WfJt8Ni4KZI/AAAAAAAAEXg/WSFj-lmRkEYLqKOF427zeCTbCGbEsns9ACLcBGAs/s1600/Neanderthal%2Bvariants%2Bmap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="727" data-original-width="1304" height="355" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-31Z2vXQnscc/WfJt8Ni4KZI/AAAAAAAAEXg/WSFj-lmRkEYLqKOF427zeCTbCGbEsns9ACLcBGAs/s640/Neanderthal%2Bvariants%2Bmap.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>It was reported recently that 23andMe are going to embark on <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-and-rise-again-of-23andme-1.22801">an advertising blitz to "dramatically expand" their customer base to 10 million people</a>. Let's hope that the launch of the ancestry-only test will encourage many new people to test with 23andMe, and help to expand the customer database outside the US.<br /><div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><i>Thanks to Michelle Leonard for alerting me to the introduction of 23andMe's new ancestry-only tests. You can read Michelle's blog post on the subject <a href="http://www.ancestryhour.co.uk/blog/23andme-launch-ancestry-only-test-in-the-uk">here</a>.</i></div></div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/-oZLoH5Yyzc" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/10/23andme-now-offers-ancestry-only-dna.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-16622850804580493492017-10-26T13:03:00.001+01:002017-10-31T12:44:25.278+00:00Living DNA updates - free transfers and the launch of the One Family One World project<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eYVovE2FGtA/WfHEbkyDDXI/AAAAAAAAEXI/tPzrP8d8AUMp4Vi_17pXzPAL1pYDl_WXQCLcBGAs/s1600/Living%2BDNA%2BOne%2BFamily%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="892" data-original-width="986" height="360" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eYVovE2FGtA/WfHEbkyDDXI/AAAAAAAAEXI/tPzrP8d8AUMp4Vi_17pXzPAL1pYDl_WXQCLcBGAs/s400/Living%2BDNA%2BOne%2BFamily%2Bcopy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>Living DNA have just launched their new One Family One World project and are now accepting transfers from people who have tested with other companies. Here is the text of the e-mail I received from Living DNA:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Here at Living DNA, we have been working on an exciting new project that we have officially launched today. The One Family One World project. As you've been a great support to Living DNA I wanted to let you know first.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Our One Family One World project is the first of its kind to attempt to analyse people’s DNA results from around the world allowing them to see where they fit into a One World Family Tree, demonstrating how everyone is related if you go back far enough in time and produce an in-country regional breakdown of DNA from around the world.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">The project involves the use of proprietary technology, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and will see tens of thousands of computers working together to identify distinctive and shared patterns in people’s DNA.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Eventually we will be running in-country regional projects across the world, today people can join no matter where they are from and we already have a number of specific projects that can be seen here - <a href="https://www.livingdna.com/one-family/research">https://www.livingdna.com/one-family/research</a>.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">You can find out a lot more information on the project, and how to get involved by visiting the website at <a href="http://www.livingdna.com/onefamily">www.livingdna.com/onefamily</a>. If you know anyone that’s already taken a DNA test they can upload their DNA for Free and will benefit from a new type of DNA Matching in mid 2018.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Your support and opinion matters to us, so we would love to hear your feedback on the project. Also, let us know if you would like to get involved in any way - we always value any way in which people would like to work with us.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">We’ve put together an introduction blog post that you can read <a href="https://www.livingdna.com/en-gb/blog/291/living-dna-demonstrating-how-we-re-all-connected-through-one-world-family-tree">https://www.livingdna.com/en-gb/blog/291/living-dna-demonstrating-how-we-re-all-connected-through-one-world-family-tree</a></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">We hope you’re as excited as we are on this new 5-year project, and I look forward to hearing from you all soon.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Warm regards,&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">David Nicholson &amp; Hannah Mordern&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">ps. Apologies for the group email and do feel free to circulate this to other people&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">pps. DNA Matching is in final stages of testing for Living DNA clients, we are still aiming to get this live by the end of the year</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">ppps. The press release is also online&nbsp;<a href="https://www.livingdna.com/en-gb/press-releases/290/dna-firm-aims-build-one-world-family-tree">https://www.livingdna.com/en-gb/press-releases/290/dna-firm-aims-build-one-world-family-tree</a></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">pppps. People taking part and uploading their DNA for free don't get the regional UK breakdown just DNA matching when live and all the other things that will come out of the project. Therefore its not a substitute for a Living DNA test.</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal">You can watch a video about the One Family project here. <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tpz0HAKS_xo" width="560"></iframe><br />If you are reading this by e-mail you can <a href="https://youtu.be/tpz0HAKS_xo">click here</a> instead.<br /><br />Living DNA already have projects for <a href="https://www.livingdna.com/one-family/research/ireland">Ireland</a> and <a href="https://www.livingdna.com/one-family/research/germany">Germany</a>&nbsp;where they are collecting samples from people with four grandparents from the same region&nbsp;so it's good to see that this concept has been extended to other countries. With better sampling and larger reference datasets we can expect to see continuing improvements to the biogeographical ancestry reports with the promise of meaningful breakdowns at the regional and subregional levels.<br /><br />Living DNA were the sponsors of the evening meal for the <a href="http://ggi2013.blogspot.co.uk/2017/09/isogg-day-out-2017.html">ISOGG Big Day Out in Dublin</a> at Genetic Genealogy Ireland. I had the chance to talk to Martin Blythe of Living DNA about their forthcoming matching service. They will be delivering phased matching but they are also adopting an exciting and innovative new approach. It will be very interesting to see how their matching works out and how it compares with the services provided by the other testing companies.<br /><br />If you don't want to do the transfer and prefer to get tested on Living DNA's new Orion chip (a customised version of Illumina's Global Screening Array chip) then the test is currently on sale at the reduced price of £99 ($99 in the&nbsp;US, €129,00 in the Eurozone). Check out the <a href="https://www.livingdna.com/">Living DNA website</a> for prices in other countries. If you have four grandparents born within 50 miles of one another you will be eligible for a special discount on a new test.<br /><br /><b>Update 31 October 2017</b><br />Living DNA have published the following notice in the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/252972658442127/permalink/293085397764186/">Living DNA Users' Group on Facebook</a> in response to questions received about the One Family One World Project:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Hi Everyone,&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">The One Family One World, five year scientific research project has started with great success with thousands of people delighted to be supporting the project and its purpose.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">As with all scientific projects results will take time as it requires the combined analysis of hundreds of thousands of DNA samples.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">We’ve received some questions that we want to clarify.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">How long will the project take?&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">This is a five year research project and results will be announced in phases, the exact timing of the results will depend on how many people from different parts of the world take part. A critical mass for each area is required and for the overall One Family Tree.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">A number of people who requested to join the project and uploaded their data received an incorrect estimated completion date. These have now been updated to reflect when global DNA matching will be available, which is by summer 2018. This is not the date the project will be complete.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">What do I get from taking part?&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">The purpose of the project is to help scientific research, and ultimately build a global family tree. To say thank you for your support, each person will be able to choose to see how they match and connect to other people both within the project and with Living DNA clients. What we can’t offer for free is your ethnic breakdown simply due to the significant data analysis costs.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">But if you buy a Living DNA kit, then you can take part in the project, receive matching when it is live and see your mtDNA/YDNA and ethnicity breakdowns.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">How do I get my ethnicity breakdown?&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Living DNA are working on delivering this, so that people who’ve already taken a DNA test can upload their results for a small fee, and receive their ethnic mix. We will announce this through our social channels as soon as we have an update.</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">What if I change my mind?&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">With all projects run by Living DNA if you change your mind before your data is used you can contact us and we will remove your information from the system. Data used in the projects is anonymised. Please note that this means you will not have the option to find DNA Matches, help scientific research and be part of helping to build One Family genetic tree.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">We appreciate that a small number of people suggested that the information above could be made even more clear on the project website, so we are working to get these changes made by the end of the week.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Thank you for all your support in what is an incredible project that everyone can be part of,&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Warmest Regards&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">David Nicholson &amp; Hannah Morden<br />Co-Founders - Living DNA</blockquote></div><div class="MsoNormal"><i>Disclosure. I shared my raw data files from AncestryDNA, 23andMe and FTDNA with Living DNA to help them test their system prior to the launch of their test in September 2016. In return I received a free Living DNA test. All views expressed here are my own.</i></div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/xmmwXPY_t8E" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com5http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/10/living-dna-updates-free-transfers-and.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-87274482054971607822017-08-09T17:34:00.002+01:002017-08-10T16:13:00.570+01:0023andMe launch a new v5 chip and revise their health and trait offerings in the UK23andMe have quietly rolled out their new v5 chip. There has not so far been any official announcement from 23andMe, though the news was confirmed yesterday by a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.23andmeforums.com/discussion/8755/v5-chip">moderator in the 23andMe Forums</a>. We believe 23andMe are now using Illumina's new Global Screening Array chip which is already being used by <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2016/09/living-dna-new-genetic-ancestry-test.html">Living DNA</a>. 23andMe were one of the 12 customers who <a href="http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newsus-biotechnology-firm-illumina-signs-deals-provide-gsa-samples-12-customers-4925914">signed up to the GSA in June 2016</a>. They also belong to the <a href="https://www.illumina.com/science/consortia/human-consortia/global-screening-consortium.html">Global Screening Array Consortium</a>.<br /><br />The GSA has 640,000 markers and the ability to include up to 50,000 custom markers. Here is a description of the chip from Illumina:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">The Infinium Global Screening Array-24 v1.0 BeadChip combines multi-ethnic genome-wide content, curated clinical research variants, and quality control (QC) markers for precision medicine research.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">The genome-wide content was selected for high imputation accuracy at minor allele frequencies of &gt;1% across all 26 1000 Genomes Project populations. The clinical research content includes variants with established disease associations, relevant pharmacogenomics markers, and curated exonic content based on ClinVar, NHGRI, PharmGKB, and ExAC databases. Quality control content enables sample identification and tracking for large-scale genomics and screening applications.</blockquote>The full technical specifications for the GSA chip can be found&nbsp;<a href="https://www.illumina.com/products/by-type/microarray-kits/infinium-global-screening.html">here on the Illumina website</a>.<br /><br />The <a href="https://www.illumina.com/products/by-type/microarray-kits/infinium-omni-express.html">Illumina Omniexpress chip</a>, which was previously used by all the genetic genealogy companies, is being phased out, so we are likely to see other companies moving to the GSA in due course. The OmniExpress worked well for European populations but was not so good for other populations. The GSA provides much better global coverage and should improve the results for people with non-European ancestry.<br /><br />The GSA is designed for imputation. Imputation is the process of inferring the missing markers in a DNA sequence. This can be done by statistical methods because DNA is passed on in chunks, which means that markers travel together. Researchers can use imputation to reconstruct an entire genome sequence, and it provides a much more cost-efficient way of doing large-scale studies. However, I know of no scientific papers which have looked at the efficacy of imputation for cousin matching. The companies will have a significant challenge ahead in the months to come as they adapt to the new chip and test out their imputation pipelines.<br /><br />Because there are <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_SNP_comparison_chart">so few overlapping markers</a> between the GSA and the OmniExpress this change will also present problems for companies and third-party websites that accept autosomal DNA transfers. A choice will need to be made as to whether to do comparisons using only the overlapping markers or whether to experiment with imputation. GEDmatch is already experimenting with its new <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/living-dna-updates-and-gedmatch-genesis.html">Genesis database</a>, which can now accept GSA transfers.&nbsp;It will be interesting to see what solutions are found by other companies.<br /><br />Along with the move to the new chip, 23andMe have also changed their product offering in the UK. There has not been any official announcement but as far as I can establish from the archived versions of their British website in the Internet Archive the changeover seems to have occurred some time towards the beginning of May. When&nbsp;<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170429025649/https://www.23andme.com/en-gb/">the website was archived on 29th April</a> 23andMe were still offering UK customers 100 health and trait reports. They offered 40+ reports for inherited conditions, 40+ drug response reports, 10+ genetic risk factor reports and 40+ trait reports. The genetic risk factor reports including reports for haemophilia and some breast cancer genes (BRCA1 and BRCA 2). A full list of the previously offered health reports can be seen <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331131728/https://www.23andme.com/en-gb/health/reports/">here</a>.<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BswQItvbjkg/WYsbUKDZUrI/AAAAAAAAEUs/OI-G4OiIxpcKOIt2o_9GaN5Gsht_uUmdgCLcBGAs/s1600/23andMe%2B29%2BApril%2Breports%2Bonly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="420" data-original-width="1052" height="250" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-BswQItvbjkg/WYsbUKDZUrI/AAAAAAAAEUs/OI-G4OiIxpcKOIt2o_9GaN5Gsht_uUmdgCLcBGAs/s640/23andMe%2B29%2BApril%2Breports%2Bonly.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 23andMe GB home page on 29th April 2107.</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">The next archived version of the 23andMe GB website dates from 6 May 2017. From that date onwards UK customers have been offered a very much reduced range of health reports. There are now 40+ carrier status reports, 3+ genetic risk reports and 25+ traits and wellness reports. The drug response reports are no longer provided at all, and the breast cancer and haemophilia reports have been dropped. A full list of the new reports offered <a href="https://www.23andme.com/en-gb/health/">can be found here</a>. As far as I can establish UK customers now receive exactly the same version of the test as customers in the US, the only difference being that we do not have an option to order an ancestry-only version of the test for half the price.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rwgKpmbLerM/WYscgH7Cx6I/AAAAAAAAEU4/bIsuB7Mc3iQ0A1zvQmAmhie6RSLI-gN3wCLcBGAs/s1600/23andMe%2Breports%2B9%2BAugust%2B2017.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="457" data-original-width="994" height="290" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rwgKpmbLerM/WYscgH7Cx6I/AAAAAAAAEU4/bIsuB7Mc3iQ0A1zvQmAmhie6RSLI-gN3wCLcBGAs/s640/23andMe%2Breports%2B9%2BAugust%2B2017.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The 23andMe GB home page on 9th August 2017.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />23andMe have slowly been moving their customers over to their new website (otherwise known as The New Experience or TNE for short). My accounts were finally transitioned on 15th June 2017. I understand that all the UK accounts were transitioned at the same time. I believe the transition process is now complete, with the Canadians appearing to be the last people to be transitioned in July.<br /><div><br /></div><div>With the transfer to the new website all our old health reports have been archived. There are no new health reports. Instead there are five ancestry reports, 19 trait reports and 7 "wellness" reports.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UN1dVEHnvM4/WYsqmGbkwEI/AAAAAAAAEVI/hbO5mfj1N2UXwKYexJyUCmYXTGAsXHgzACLcBGAs/s1600/23andMe%2BTNE%2B9%2BAugust%2B2017.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="607" data-original-width="942" height="410" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-UN1dVEHnvM4/WYsqmGbkwEI/AAAAAAAAEVI/hbO5mfj1N2UXwKYexJyUCmYXTGAsXHgzACLcBGAs/s640/23andMe%2BTNE%2B9%2BAugust%2B2017.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div>I was on holiday in the US when I was transitioned and I initially assumed that the lack of new health reports was because I was accessing the website from the US and not the UK. However, I later established that none of the transitioned accounts in the UK were receiving any new health reports. I wrote to 23andMe customer service to find out why this was the case and received the following message on 10th July:</div><blockquote class="tr_bq">Per FDA restrictions, newly authorized reports will not be provided to customers genotyped on your current chip version. The conditions covered by our newly authorized reports are addressed by reports in your Reports Archive.<br /><br />In order to receive the newly authorized reports, you will need to be genotyped again. Upgrades are unavailable at this time. We are currently working on an upgrade policy for our customers and would encourage you to wait for this policy to be finalized. The upgrade policy will allow you to be genotyped on our most up-to-date chip at a discounted rate within the next few months. More information about upgrades will be available soon.</blockquote>My guess is that 23andMe customers in the UK have been tested on the new v5 chip from May 2017 onwards when the website changed and the number of reports was reduced.<br /><div><div><br /></div><div>23andMe received authorisation from the FDA in April this year to start offering <a href="https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm551185.htm">genetic health risk reports for 10 diseases and conditions</a>. No doubt they are also working towards approval for introducing other reports too. Clearly, in order to get the FDA approval, the reports will need to be validated on the new v5 chip and it's no longer worth their while trying to update and validate the old-style health reports. I can therefore understand the decision to stop offering these reports to existing customers.<br /><div><br /></div><div>I&nbsp;<a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2010/07/exploring-my-genome-with-23andme.html">tested with 23andMe back in 2010</a>&nbsp;on the v2 chip. I've never had to pay a subscription or pay for any updates so I've had very good value for money in the last seven years. I will be upgrading to the new chip when it becomes available to existing customers and I shall look forward to receiving all the new reports as and when they become available.<br /><br /><b>Update 10th August 2017</b><br />It has been confirmed in <a href="https://www.23andmeforums.com/discussion/comment/90397/#Comment_90397">a post by a moderator in the 23andMe Forum</a> that 23andMe are now using the Illumina Global Screening Array. They suggest that with an upgrade to the new chip: “Results shouldn’t change significantly, however, there may be some slight differences in Ancestry Composition, DNA Relatives, and small changes in your haplogroup assignment.”</div><div><br /></div><div>We are told that 23andMe have updated their phasing algorithms so that “family members can still be phased, even if they are on different chips”.<br /> <br />It appears that the transition to the v5 chip is not yet complete. Here is a further quote from the moderator: “Our labs are currently transitioning to the v5 chip. While transitioning, there may be some overlap between v4 and v5 data being released. Future customers will be genotyped on v5.”</div></div></div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/RsZ36RKytNc" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com6http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/08/23andme-launch-new-v5-chip-and-revise.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-10991857984019569712017-08-08T17:41:00.001+01:002017-08-08T19:26:37.525+01:00MyHeritage acquires Legacy Family Tree and discounts on Legacy webinar subscriptions<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MjrCvR28XtY/WYnc9MwlfgI/AAAAAAAAEUM/eK9ZdX2vbuAK5wZk_-fnTRJZWZNbkVe7ACLcBGAs/s1600/MyHeritage%2B%252B%2BLegacy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="800" height="384" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-MjrCvR28XtY/WYnc9MwlfgI/AAAAAAAAEUM/eK9ZdX2vbuAK5wZk_-fnTRJZWZNbkVe7ACLcBGAs/s640/MyHeritage%2B%252B%2BLegacy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div>It was announced last week that MyHeritage have acquired the Millennia Corporation, the company who produce&nbsp;<a href="http://openonline.co/b4c0e66b1281d9673bc7934a4b7031e4/be329be57a31271aa4169f790bf92282/590aa6c618fc304a3f3dd03908f61f6a.html">Legacy Family Tree</a> genealogy desktop software and who also run the popular <a href="http://openonline.co/b4c0e66b1281d9673bc7934a4b7031e4/be329be57a31271aa4169f790bf92282/c703d21707704d57828dbcbd09be40ea.html">Legacy Family Tree Webinars</a>.</div><br />For further details on this acquisition you can read the statements from MyHeritage and Legacy:<br /><ul><li><a href="https://blog.myheritage.com/2017/08/myheritage-acquires-the-legacy-family-tree-software-and-webinar-platform/">MyHeritage Acquires the Legacy Family Tree Software and Webinar Platform</a>&nbsp;<i>MyHeritage blog</i>, 3rd August 2017</li><li><a href="http://news.legacyfamilytree.com/legacy_news/2017/08/legacy-family-tree-has-a-new-home-with-myheritage.html">Legacy FamilyTree has a new home with MyHeritage</a>&nbsp;<i>Legacy News</i>, 3 August 2017</li></ul>For commentary on the acquisition I recommend reading the following two articles which provide interesting insights and perspectives:<br /><ul><li><a href="https://abundantgenealogy.com/myheritage-acquires-legacy-family-tree-good-genealogy-industry-good-genealogists/">MyHeritage acquires Legacy Family Tree: is this good for the genealogy industry? Good for genealogists?</a>&nbsp;by Thomas MacEntee, <i>Abundant Genealogy</i>, 4 August 2017</li><li><a href="https://www.tamurajones.net/MyHeritageBuysMilennnia.xhtml">MyHeritage buys Millennia</a>&nbsp;by Tamura Jones, <i>Modern Software Experience</i>, 7 August 2017.</li></ul>I'm not a Legacy user so I'm not affected by this change. (I use the British family tree program <a href="http://www.family-historian.co.uk/">Family Historian</a>&nbsp;which I highly recommend.) However, it will be interesting to see what impact this change has on the genealogy market and how MyHeritage and Legacy move forwards. The increased exposure through the Legacy webinar platform is likely to help MyHeritage improve their share of the DNA testing market.<br /><br />Most of the Legacy webinars are free to view in the first week but you need to have a subscription to access the webinar archive and some premium webinars. It's also often necessary to have a subscription to access the speakers' handouts. Much of the content up until now has been aimed at US researchers but there have also been other webinars of more general interest. I've enjoyed watching a few webinars about DNA testing, particularly those from Blaine Bettinger and Diahan Southard, who always do an excellent job of explaining complicated science in easy-to-understand language. To celebrate the acquisition there is a special offer on the annual Legacy webinar subscription and it is <a href="http://legacy.familytreewebinars.com/memberships-c11.php">on sale for just $24.98 (£19) until 13th August</a>, which is 50% off the usual price. I've decided to splash out, as there quite a few webinars I would have liked to have seen that for one reason or another I didn't have time to watch when they first became available.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/2ibQUSEF85o" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/08/myheritage-acquires-legacy-family-tree.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-64178000026796095972017-08-08T15:28:00.004+01:002017-08-10T10:01:00.169+01:00AncestryDNA hits the five million milestone<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CMQ-4sMH8pU/WYmM4SYD4uI/AAAAAAAAETs/4LER75REj3oBzKaZ4T7z_3AeGKit82yBgCLcBGAs/s1600/AncestryDNA%2B5%2Bmillion%2Bscreenshot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="337" data-original-width="487" height="442" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CMQ-4sMH8pU/WYmM4SYD4uI/AAAAAAAAETs/4LER75REj3oBzKaZ4T7z_3AeGKit82yBgCLcBGAs/s640/AncestryDNA%2B5%2Bmillion%2Bscreenshot.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>Ancestry have announced on their <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AncestryUS/photos/a.190472761629.140062.7483836629/10154740109266630/?type=3&amp;theater">US Facebook page</a> that they now have an astonishing five million AncestryDNA customers. Ancestry passed the&nbsp;<a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/04/ancestrydna-passes-four-million.html">four million milestone</a> at the end of April this year and the <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/01/ancestrydna-reaches-three-million.html">three million milestone</a> in January. That means they've sold two million tests in the first seven months of 2017. If sales continue at the current rate they will have tested seven million people by the end of the year. Christmas is always the peak selling period so sales could ultimately be much higher than that. How long will it take for the database to grow to 10 million or 20 million?<br /><br />AncestryDNA do not give breakdowns of sales by country. Their test has been available in the US since <a href="https://www.ancestry.com/corporate/newsroom/press-releases/ancestry.com-dna-launches">May 2012</a> but only <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/ancestrydna-test-now-on-sale-in-uk-and.html">launched in the UK in January 2015</a>. It became available in&nbsp;<a href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2015/05/27/ancestrydna-is-now-available-in-australia-and-new-zealand/">Australia and New Zealand in May 2015</a>, <a href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2015/06/09/ancestrydna-is-now-available-in-canada/">Canada in June 2015</a> and <a href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2016/02/23/ancestrydna-now-offered-in-29-new-countries/">29 other countries in February 2016</a>. I would estimate that about 80% of AncestryDNA's sales are now in the US. It seems likely that a considerable amount of their growth in the last year or so has come from people testing in these new markets.<br /><br />Sales seem to be particularly strong in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. AncestryDNA have been marketing their test extensively in these countries. In the UK, for example, AncestryDNA now sponsor the long-running TV programme <a href="https://www.itv.com/hub/long-lost-family/1a8904">Long Lost Family</a>, which regularly attracts around&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wbtvpuk.co.uk/news/long-lost-family-and-who-do-you-think-you-are-returning-to-screens-next-year_747.aspx">five million viewers</a>.&nbsp;The seventh series is currently being aired on ITV, and AncestryDNA are linking their promotions to the programme. The banner below now appears when you log into your Ancestry account.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_0oOO1GV93Y/WYm5jVjo7uI/AAAAAAAAET8/wQojbwW3Gncq6pp9hxXnd8-5MDzgndqKwCLcBGAs/s1600/Long%2Blost%2Bfamily%2Bbanner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="105" data-original-width="950" height="70" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_0oOO1GV93Y/WYm5jVjo7uI/AAAAAAAAET8/wQojbwW3Gncq6pp9hxXnd8-5MDzgndqKwCLcBGAs/s640/Long%2Blost%2Bfamily%2Bbanner.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />The marketing is helping to bring in a new demographic to DNA testing. People are taking a DNA test out of curiosity and not as an aid to genealogical research. However, some of these new people who are testing will start to explore their matches and become interested in family history. This can only be good news for everyone.<br /><br /><b>Note</b><br />Although Ancestry's Facebook page shows that there is a sale on in the US until 15th August, the test does not appear to be on sale in any other country at present.<br /><br /><b>Further reading</b><br />Leah La Perle Larkin has published a blog post with updated figures on the size of the GEDmatch database and an updated graph showing the growth of the autosomal DNA databases. See her article <a href="http://thednageek.com/genealogical-database-sizes-august-update/">Genealogical database sizes - August 2017 update</a>.<br /><br /><b>Update</b><br />The official AncestryDNA press release can be read <a href="https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2017/08/09/1082660/0/en/Ancestry-Surpasses-5-Million-People-in-DNA-Database-Giving-Customers-Even-More-Opportunities-to-Discover-Who-They-Are-and-How-They-Connect-to-One-Another.html">here</a>.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/t57qQuxy8vI" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/08/ancestrydna-hits-five-million-milestone.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-49311504517011277022017-08-06T00:35:00.000+01:002017-08-15T13:45:12.569+01:00Comparing parent and child matches at AncestryDNAA number of genetic genealogists have done comparisons of parent and child matches at AncestryDNA to see how many of the smaller matches do not match either parent: <br /><br /><li>Ann Raymont published an article in July 2016 <a href="https://dnasleuth.wordpress.com/2016/07/08/when-is-a-match-a-false-positive/">When is a match a false positive?</a>&nbsp;She found that 35.3% of her matches did not match either parent.</li><li>Blaine Bettinger wrote a blog post on <a href="http://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2017/01/06/the-danger-of-distant-matches/">The danger of distant matche</a>s back in January this year. He found that 32% of his matches were not shared with either of his parents.</li><li>Kevin Ireland published his results in an article entitled&nbsp;<a href="http://www.irelanddavis.com/dna/articles/parents/Default.aspx">atDNA case study: two parents and one child</a>. He found that 18.5% of his matches did not match either parent. </li><li>Karin Lovisa Borgerson has this week published a blog post <a href="https://www.borgersonresearch.com/2017/08/05/baby-versus-bathwater-distant-matches/">Baby versus bathwater: distant matches</a>. She found that 17% of her matches were not shared with either parent.</li>I recently tested both of my parents at AncestryDNA and I thought it would be an interesting exercise to do a detailed analysis of my own matches to see how my results compare with the other studies. I used the <a href="https://www.dnagedcom.com/doc/welcome-to-the-dnagedcom-client/">DNAGedcom Client</a> to download my matches from AncestryDNA. I used the Match-O-Matic tool, which is included with the Client, to analyse my matches. See the methodology section below for details of how the analyses were done.<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">My matches at AncestryDNA</span><o:p></o:p></b><br />I tested on the AncestryDNA v1 chip in June 2012. I currently have 10,232 matches at AncestryDNA.<br /><br />Using the same categories as Blaine Bettinger my matches break down like this: <br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 377px;"> <colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 6290; mso-width-source: userset; width: 129pt;" width="172"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 3254; mso-width-source: userset; width: 67pt;" width="89"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 4242; mso-width-source: userset; width: 87pt;" width="116"></col> </colgroup><tbody><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl66" height="21" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; height: 15.75pt; width: 129pt;" width="172">Category</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 67pt;" width="89">Number</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 87pt;" width="116">Percentage</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Over 50 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl64" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9</td> <td align="right" class="xl67" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0.08%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">25 cMs or more</td> <td align="right" class="xl64" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">39</td> <td align="right" class="xl67" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0.38%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">20 cMs or more</td> <td align="right" class="xl64" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">71</td> <td align="right" class="xl67" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0.69%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">15 cMs or more</td> <td align="right" class="xl64" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">251</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">10 cMs or more</td> <td align="right" class="xl64" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1403</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">14%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Fewer than 10 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl64" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">8837</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">86%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">6-7 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl64" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">4512</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">44%</td> </tr></tbody></table><br /><div class="MsoNormal">Two of my matches in the over 50 cMs category are my parents. All the other matches have tested independently at AncestryDNA.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Sharing with my parents at AncestryDNA</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">My parents were tested on the AncestryDNA v2 chip in June 2017<br /><br />My dad has 8350 matches at AncestryDNA.<o:p></o:p><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">My mum has 11285 matches at AncestryDNA.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Here are my findings after comparing my matches with my mum and dad:</div><div class="MsoNormal"><ul><li>3299 (32%) of my 10232 matches are shared with my dad</li><li>3276 (32%) of my 10232 matches are shared with mum</li><li>20 (0.2%) of my matches appear on the match lists of both my mum and my dad.</li><li>3671 (36%) of my matches do not appear on the match lists of either of my parents.</li><li>Of the 3671 matches which do not match either of my parents 3559 (97%) shared a single DNA segment and 112 (3%) shared 2 segments. Ninety-six (86%) of the two segment matches shared less than 10 cMs, and 16 (14%) shared between 10 and 16 cMs.</li></ul><ul></ul><div>I divided the matches into "bins" to see what the match rate was for different levels of sharing. The results are shown in the table below.<br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 615px;"> <colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 3035; mso-width-source: userset; width: 62pt;" width="83"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 2816; mso-width-source: userset; width: 58pt;" width="77"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 4388; mso-width-source: userset; width: 90pt;" width="120"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 3584; mso-width-source: userset; width: 74pt;" width="98"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 4388; mso-width-source: userset; width: 90pt;" width="120"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 4278; mso-width-source: userset; width: 88pt;" width="117"></col> </colgroup><tbody><tr height="63" style="height: 47.25pt;"> <td class="xl67" height="63" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; height: 47.25pt; width: 62pt;" width="83">cM bins</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 58pt;" width="77">Total <br />matches</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 90pt;" width="120">Total matching<br />a parent</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 74pt;" width="98">% matching<br />&nbsp;a parent</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 90pt;" width="120">Total matching<br />&nbsp;neither parent</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 88pt;" width="117">% matching<br />&nbsp;neither parent</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">50 cMs +</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">100%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">40-50 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">100%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">30-40 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">10</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">10</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">100%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">20-30 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">51</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">51</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">100%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">19-20 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">25</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">25</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">100%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">18-19 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">18</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">17</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">94%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">17-18 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">30</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">30</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">100%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">0%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">16-17 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">46</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">45</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">98%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">15-16 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">61</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">58</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">95%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">3</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">5%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">14-15 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">96</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">86</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">90%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">10</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">10%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">13-14 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">148</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">134</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">91%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">14</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">12-13 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">180</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">161</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">89%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">19</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">11%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">11-12 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">291</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">274</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">94%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">17</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">10-11 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">437</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">386</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">88%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">51</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">12%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">9-10 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">799</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">679</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">85%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">120</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">15%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">8-9 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1275</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1001</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">79%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">274</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">21%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">7-8 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2241</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">1534</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">68%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">707</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">32%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">6-7 cMs</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">4512</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2058</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">46%</td> <td align="right" class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2454</td> <td align="right" class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">54%</td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><div></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Double matches</b></span></div><div>I also took a look at the 20 matches that my parents shared with each other. My parents do not appear as matches to each other and do not have any identifiable common genealogical ancestors. I also checked to see if these shared matches appeared on my match list. Here is the breakdown:</div><div><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 414px;"> <colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 2669; mso-width-source: userset; width: 55pt;" width="73"></col> <col span="2" style="mso-width-alt: 3584; mso-width-source: userset; width: 74pt;" width="98"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 5302; mso-width-source: userset; width: 109pt;" width="145"></col> </colgroup><tbody><tr height="42" style="height: 31.5pt;"> <td class="xl64" height="42" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; height: 31.5pt; width: 55pt;" width="73">Match</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 74pt;" width="98">cMs shared<br />&nbsp;with Dad&nbsp;</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 74pt;" width="98">cMs shared<br />&nbsp;with Mum</td> <td class="xl64" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 1.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 109pt;" width="145">Match to Debbie</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 1</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">8.7576</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.9563</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 2</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9.2653</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.984</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 3</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9.3549</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.363</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">No</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 4</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.082</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.5295</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 5</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.4811</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">8.0814</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">No</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 6</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9.3519</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.4345</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 7</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">27.0902</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">8.1206</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">No</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 8</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">10.009</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">14.0302</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 9</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.5761</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9.6979</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 10</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.262</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.8819</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">No</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 11</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.4201</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.5106</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">No</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 12</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.9815</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.1787</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 13</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">9.2775</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.3962</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">No</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 14</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">11.4808</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.3302</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 15</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.26</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.1234</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 16</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.8033</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.0212</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 17</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">8.8658</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.2839</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 18</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7.1988</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.0201</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 19</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">6.5682</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-color: white; border-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">8.9985</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom-color: white; border-bottom-width: 0.5pt; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Match 20</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">10.7345</td> <td align="right" class="xl63" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right-color: white; border-right-width: 0.5pt; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">14.5475</td> <td class="xl66" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left-color: white; border-left-width: 0.5pt; border-right: none; border-top-color: white; border-top-width: 0.5pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yes</td> </tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Discussion</b></span></div><div>Although 36% of my matches did not match either of my parents, the headline figure is not as gloomy as it might at first appear. The vast majority of these non-matches were on small segments under 10 cMs, and the lion's share of non-matches were on the very tiny segments under 7 cMs.<br /><br />All matches sharing 19 cMs or more were shared with one of my parents so this can be considered my personal safe zone where matches are guaranteed to be valid.<br /><br /></div><div>There were just four out of my 155 matches sharing between 15 and 19 cMs which did not match one of my parents. The largest non-shared match was 18.2 cMs. This means that 87.5% of my matches in this range were valid.</div><div><br />Below 10 cMs the chance of not sharing a match begins to increase exponentially. With the very smallest matches sharing just 6-7 cMs only 46% matched one of my parents.<br /><br />Matches that do not match my parents are either <b>false positives</b>, which means the matches are not real matches, or <b>false negatives</b>, which means that the match is not showing up in the match list of my parent for one reason or another. However, without further investigation it is not possible for me to determine whether these matches are false positives or false negatives. This can only be done by careful <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Chromosome_mapping">chromosome mapping</a> and by testing multiple close family members.<br /><br />AncestryDNA use a phased matching technique. <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Phasing">Phasing</a> is the process of assigning individual alleles to the maternal and paternal chromosomes. A lack of phasing results in many false matches. These are sometimes known as pseudosegments. For a discussion of the reasons for these false matches see the ISOGG Wiki article on <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Identical_by_descent">identical by descent</a>. Because AncestryDNA use phasing they are able to deliver matches on smaller segments than the other companies. While phasing provides more accurate matches, the process is not without its problems. One of the limitations is that we are not tested on our whole genome but rather a sampling of markers scattered across our genome. If matching were to be done on the whole genome we would no doubt find that many of our matches are not valid after all. A second problem is that the phasing algorithms are not perfect. Sometimes they break up a longer match into smaller segments. There is also a problem of what are known as phase switch errors, when the phase accidentally switches from the maternal to the paternal chromosome or vice versa.<br /><br />I am fortunate that I've been able to test both my parents which allows me to do a sanity check on my matches. However, if you are not able to test your parents you will have no way of knowing which of the small segment matches are likely to be valid. It was also interesting to note that some of my matches were shared by both my parents. If I hadn't tested both my parents or if I'd only tested one of my parents I could easily have been led astray with these matches.<br /><br />Matches at Family Tree DNA and 23andMe are not phased so the false match rate is going to be even higher there.<br /><br />Even if these small segments are real, the odds are still stacked against the match falling within a genealogical timeframe. We know from <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/File:Speed_and_Balding_IBD_distribution.jpg">computer simulations</a> that over 60% of 10 cM segments are likely to trace back beyond ten generations. This does of course also mean that 40% of 10 cM matches are likely to fall within the last ten generations, but computer simulations have the advantage of working in an idealised world where every segment can be reliably attributed. In real life it is much more complicated and with the current matching algorithms there is an additional risk that these segments will not be accurately identified.<br /><br />The genetic genealogy community has known for a long time <a href="http://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2014/12/02/small-matching-segments-friend-foe/">the problem of using small segments in genealogical researc</a>h, and my findings simply add to the existing evidence base. I already have 1773 matches at AncestryDNA that share 10 cMs or more. I can still only find genealogical connections with a handful of those matches. There is really no reason to get down in the weeds with these small segments under 10 cMs.</div><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Methodology</span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal">I am using version 1.5.1.3 of the <a href="https://www.dnagedcom.com/doc/welcome-to-the-dnagedcom-client/">DNAGedcom Client</a> with a PC running Windows 7. The DNAGedcom Client is a subscription service costing $5 a month. The Match-O-Matic tool is included in the subscription. Match-O-Matic was designed for a Mac but converted to a Windows format by Rob Warthen for use in the DNAGedcom Client. For details of the DNAGedcom Client and Match-O-Matic see the <a href="http://www.dnagedcom.com/docs/Welcome_to_the_DNAGedcom_Client.pdf">user guide</a>.&nbsp;</div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">I downloaded my match lists into Excel spreadsheets using the DNAGedcom client on 4th and 5th August.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">I used the Match-O-Matic tool provided with the DNAGedcom client to analyse my matches.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">To see how many matches I shared with my parents I used the report labelled <i>Matches in common (matches in both files) [ICW]</i> to combine the match lists for my mum and dad..<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">To see how many matches did not appear in either of my matches lists I then used the report labelled <i>Combine files (all matches without duplicates) [ALL]</i>. In order to get the program to work correctly I renamed the output file with the prefix m_.<o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">I used the report labelled <i>Matches in A that are not in b [ANB]</i> to extract a list of matches that were in my match list but were not in the combined match list of my parents.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Acknowledgements</span><o:p></o:p></b></div>Thank you to Rob Warthen for developing the DNAGedcom Client. Thank you to Don Worth for developing the Match-O-Matic. Thank you to Richard Weiss for advice on using Match-O-Matic.<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">Update</span></b><br />Since publishing my blog post Alex Coles has also done an analysis of her parent and child matches at AncestryDNA. Alex and her parents all tested on the v1 chip. Alex found that 31% of her matches did not match either parent. All the non-matches were below 17 cMs apart from one intriguing outlier. Read Alex's article <a href="https://wing-ops.blogspot.co.uk/2017/08/imprecise-science-part-1-ancestrydna.html">Imprecise science. Part 1 AncestryDNA</a> on her <i>Winging It</i> blog<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">Related blog posts</span></b><br /><ul><li><a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/comparing-match-tallies-for-family.html">Comparing match tallies for family members with Family Tree DNA's Family Finder test</a></li><li><a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/parent-and-child-comparisons-at_26.html">Parent and child comparisons at MyHeritage DNA</a></li></ul><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/jszWbC-ii54" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com14http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/08/comparing-parent-and-child-matches-at.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-57123583510800153942017-08-02T22:54:00.002+01:002017-09-14T11:10:58.261+01:00Three generations of FTDNA MyOrigins 2.0 results from Family Tree DNAIn April this year Family Tree DNA rolled out a new version of their myOrigins report. I've tested three generations of my family at FTDNA so I thought it would be interesting to do a multi-generation comparison. I did this exercise with the first version of the myOrigins test, and you can read about our previous results <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/three-generations-of-ftdna-myorigins.html">here</a>.<br /><br />I've provided below a summary of the genealogical ancestry for each family member tested together with a screenshot of their results. Click on the images to enlarge them.<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">Debbie's dad</span></b><br /><ul><li>Four grandparents born in England: Bristol, Gloucestershire, London (x2).</li><li>Eight great-grandparents born in England: Bristol (x2), Devon, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hertfordshire, London (x2).</li><li>Fifteen great-great grandparents born in England: Devon (x2), Bristol, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hertfordshire (x 2), London. One great-great grandparent born in Scotland (location not known). The birthplace of seven of his English great-great-grandparents is unknown. Four were probably born in Bristol or in a nearby county. Three were Londoners who could have moved to London from anywhere in England.</li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8lzBS7Vgpdo/WYHsRO9J5qI/AAAAAAAAESs/RWbiMPHkA1wGLq_e_LjWsyQtxRpYzV0igCLcBGAs/s1600/Dad%2BMyOrigins%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="1600" height="327" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8lzBS7Vgpdo/WYHsRO9J5qI/AAAAAAAAESs/RWbiMPHkA1wGLq_e_LjWsyQtxRpYzV0igCLcBGAs/s640/Dad%2BMyOrigins%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">Debbie's mum</span></b><br /><ul><li>Four grandparents born in England: London (x2), Hampshire (x2).</li><li>Eight great-grandparents born in England: Berkshire, Hampshire, London (x3), Somerset, Wiltshire. The birthplace of one great-grandparent is not known but he was probably born in London.</li><li>Fifteen great-great-grandparents born in England: Bedfordshire, Berkshire (x2), Gloucestershire, Hampshire (x2), Hertfordshire, London (x2), Somerset (x2), Wiltshire. One great-great-grandparent born in Ireland: County Kerry. The birthplace of three of her English great-great-grandparents is unknown. One was probably born in Hampshire. The other two were probably Londoners who could have come from anywhere in the country.</li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ilRXTIYVMac/WYHtQaMLzeI/AAAAAAAAES0/1GQLa6FiWKIaBVvX0_Bo6FiRKMAXM2AgACLcBGAs/s1600/Mum%2BMyOrigins%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="812" data-original-width="1600" height="324" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ilRXTIYVMac/WYHtQaMLzeI/AAAAAAAAES0/1GQLa6FiWKIaBVvX0_Bo6FiRKMAXM2AgACLcBGAs/s640/Mum%2BMyOrigins%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Debbie</b></span><br /><ul><li>Four grandparents born in England: Bristol, London (x3).</li><li>Eight great-grandparents born in England: Bristol, Gloucestershire, Hampshire (x2), London (4).</li><li>Sixteen great-great-grandparents born in England: Berkshire, Bristol (2), Devon, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, London (x 5), Somerset and Wiltshire. The one great-great-grandparent with an unknown birth location was probably born in London.</li><li>Twenty-four great-great-great grandparents born in England: Berkshire (x2), Bristol, Devon (x2), Essex, Gloucestershire (x2), Hampshire (x2), Hertfordshire (x3), London (x5), Somerset (x2), Wiltshire. One great-great-great grandparent born in Ireland: County Kerry. One great-great-great grandparent born in Scotland (location not known). The birthplace of the remaining eight English great-great-great-grandparents is unknown but they were probably born in Bristol, London and Hampshire.</li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--XmEO5_hbGg/WYH72Clm8KI/AAAAAAAAETE/n1Y9kJILWwkb8i8Sc_I42qOa24t80WtOwCLcBGAs/s1600/Debbie%2BMyOrigins%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="805" data-original-width="1600" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--XmEO5_hbGg/WYH72Clm8KI/AAAAAAAAETE/n1Y9kJILWwkb8i8Sc_I42qOa24t80WtOwCLcBGAs/s640/Debbie%2BMyOrigins%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Debbie's husband</b></span><br /><ul><li>Four grandparents born in England: Cambridgeshire (x2), Cumberland, Devon.</li><li>Eight great-grandparents born in England: Cambridgeshire (x3), Devon (x2), Dorset, Somerset, Surrey.</li><li>Sixteen great-great grandparents born in England: Cambridgeshire (x3), Devon (x4), Hampshire, Herefordshire, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire (x2), Somerset (x2), Surrey (x2).</li><li>Twenty-six great-great-great grandparents born in England: Cambridgeshire (6), Devon (x8), Hampshire, Herefordshire (x2), Huntingdonshire, Somerset (x4), Surrey (x3), Sussex. The birthplace of the remaining six English great-great-great-grandparents is unknown. Three were probably born in Cambridgeshire, two in Hertfordshire and one in Surrey.</li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f9bnOJst3dI/WYH776TQc2I/AAAAAAAAETI/QmljOWu5TPwkqQ_fIO4lloy-In9Fn9NogCLcBGAs/s1600/Guy%2BMyOrigins%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1600" height="326" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-f9bnOJst3dI/WYH776TQc2I/AAAAAAAAETI/QmljOWu5TPwkqQ_fIO4lloy-In9Fn9NogCLcBGAs/s640/Guy%2BMyOrigins%2B2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="font-size: large;">Debbie's eldest son</span></b><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--czVnVpHPlo/WYH9XbJMFFI/AAAAAAAAETQ/62WwYYsC-bECSmEf33CXrCW9bw2mNr-kwCLcBGAs/s1600/Tim%2BMyOrigins%2B2.0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="816" data-original-width="1600" height="326" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/--czVnVpHPlo/WYH9XbJMFFI/AAAAAAAAETQ/62WwYYsC-bECSmEf33CXrCW9bw2mNr-kwCLcBGAs/s640/Tim%2BMyOrigins%2B2.0.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><b><span style="font-size: large;">Discussion</span></b></div><div>It's interesting that four out of five of my family have now come out as 100% British Isles with myOrigins 2.0. This does correspond with our known genealogical ancestry in the last few hundred years. However, it's somewhat surprising that my husband, who also has an all-British genealogy, is now dramatically less "British" than he was before.<br /><br />I've compiled a table showing our percentages of "British Isles" DNA with the old and new myOrigins test:</div><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 410px;"> <colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 5302; mso-width-source: userset; width: 109pt;" width="145"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 5120; mso-width-source: userset; width: 105pt;" width="140"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 4571; mso-width-source: userset; width: 94pt;" width="125"></col> </colgroup><tbody><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl66" height="21" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; height: 15.75pt; width: 109pt;" width="145">Tester</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 105pt;" width="140">myOrigins 1.0</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: 700; width: 94pt;" width="125">MyOrigins 2.0</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl64" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Debbie's dad</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">40%</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">99%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl64" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Debbie's mum</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">7%</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">100%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl64" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Debbie</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">57%</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">100%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl64" height="21" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Debbie's husband</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">38%</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">15%</td> </tr><tr height="21" style="height: 15.75pt;"> <td class="xl64" height="21" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; height: 15.75pt;">Debbie's son</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">75%</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">100%</td> </tr></tbody></table><br />With the new results both my dad and my husband have tiny percentages of what Family Tree DNA call trace percentages. My dad has &lt;2% South Central Asia. My husband has &lt;1% Oceania. FTDNA advise that "a trace percentage indicates a very small amount of shared DNA in common with the corresponding population. In some cases this minor percentage could be attributed to background noise."<br /><br />I've seen mixed reports for the updated myOrigins reports. Some people say that their results are much better and others say that their results are a lot worse. For the results I've seen for people in the UK in my various projects at FTDNA I've noticed that the percentages of British Isles in general now appear to be much higher than before, but my husband's results show that this is not always the case. I would continue to urge caution when interpreting admixture results. <br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">Further reading</span></b><br /><ul><li><a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/autosomal-ancestry/myorigins-2-0-update/">myOrigins 2.0 update</a>&nbsp;FamilyTreeDNA Learning Centre article dated 4 April 2017.</li><li><a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/ftdna/myorigins-population-clusters/">Population clusters in myOrigins</a>&nbsp;Family Tree DNA Learning Center article (undated).</li><li><a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/user-guide/family-finder-myftdna/myorigins-methodology/">myOrigins White Paper</a>&nbsp;FamilyTree DNA Learning Center article updated with list of new reference populations but no sample sizes</li><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301233733/https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/user-guide/family-finder-myftdna/myorigins-methodology/">myOrigins White Paper</a>&nbsp;Original version of the White Paper retrieved from the Internet Archive which includes sample sizes for the populations used.</li></ul><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/V5R7y9c-3nk" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/08/three-generations-of-ftdna-myorigins-20.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-12733753538479840912017-08-01T23:32:00.001+01:002017-08-01T23:32:46.885+01:00My updated family ancestry maps from Living DNAI wrote at the weekend about the new ability to <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/living-dna-updates-and-gedmatch-genesis.html">download your raw data at Living DNA and upload the results to the new GEDmatch Genesis database</a>. I'm now taking this opportunity to share my revised family ancestry maps which were updated while I was away on holiday last month.<br /><br />All the results were rerun through the database following further validation checks on the new Global Screening Array chip and improvements to the algorithms. Living DNA have also introduced a feature called <a href="https://www.livingdna.com/en-us/blog/275/new-feature-your-family-dna-views">family DNA views</a>. We now have the option to see our family ancestry maps at three different confidence ranges: cautious, standard and complete. Here are the descriptions from Living DNA: <br /><ul><li><b>Cautious</b>: Here we have grouped genetically similar populations together. We are most certain about these assignments of your ancestry breakdown.</li><li><b>Standard</b>: Here we highlight the sources of your ancestry which are likely to be present, using our best guess of the exact source. Ancestry that cannot be attributed to one of our reference populations is shown as being 'unassigned'.</li><li><b>Complete</b>: Here we have attempted to assign all ancestry allocating 'unassigned' percentages to regions to which they look most similar. There will be more uncertainty associated with these assignments.</li></ul><div>The family ancestry maps show your ancestral breakdown at three different levels: global, regional and subregional. The maps are intended to show "the areas of the world where you share genetic ancestry in recent times (10 generations)".&nbsp;</div><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Cautious</span></b><br /><div>Here are my new results in the cautious view at the global, regional and subregional levels.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-O_Pi7Jwths4/WYDsL651RNI/AAAAAAAAERM/JFIAYqHFFy8iscBaGQjDHo8QGcmE46sgQCLcBGAs/s1600/Cautious%2BGlobal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="560" data-original-width="1128" height="315" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-O_Pi7Jwths4/WYDsL651RNI/AAAAAAAAERM/JFIAYqHFFy8iscBaGQjDHo8QGcmE46sgQCLcBGAs/s640/Cautious%2BGlobal.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-V56-YxzNf3Q/WYDsYfNH_VI/AAAAAAAAERU/tY3sAfuHbW4_6EVlVEfSUFSwChGgbg3hgCLcBGAs/s1600/Regional%2BCautious.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="553" data-original-width="1131" height="312" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-V56-YxzNf3Q/WYDsYfNH_VI/AAAAAAAAERU/tY3sAfuHbW4_6EVlVEfSUFSwChGgbg3hgCLcBGAs/s640/Regional%2BCautious.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mQ1_ABMfc14/WYDsSo1jcSI/AAAAAAAAERQ/8G5lSbKJBI8pDfhm2jJbJ-LUlPJP9q74wCLcBGAs/s1600/Cautious%2Bsubregions.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="833" data-original-width="1129" height="472" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mQ1_ABMfc14/WYDsSo1jcSI/AAAAAAAAERQ/8G5lSbKJBI8pDfhm2jJbJ-LUlPJP9q74wCLcBGAs/s640/Cautious%2Bsubregions.jpg" width="640" /></a><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Standard</span></b><br />Here are my new results in the standard view at the global, regional and subregional levels.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oqfomSx9Rh4/WYDtM-FUC4I/AAAAAAAAERc/lx9agPZ3JgcZ9uVCwjBGDppETAOeqi8CQCLcBGAs/s1600/Standard%2BGlobal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="555" data-original-width="1128" height="314" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-oqfomSx9Rh4/WYDtM-FUC4I/AAAAAAAAERc/lx9agPZ3JgcZ9uVCwjBGDppETAOeqi8CQCLcBGAs/s640/Standard%2BGlobal.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LXqOSTBHC04/WYDtQTjRKVI/AAAAAAAAERk/jTgoqOIK2xcx-ZywIFXouwvM_lZ-h451wCLcBGAs/s1600/Regional%2BStandard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="552" data-original-width="1126" height="312" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LXqOSTBHC04/WYDtQTjRKVI/AAAAAAAAERk/jTgoqOIK2xcx-ZywIFXouwvM_lZ-h451wCLcBGAs/s640/Regional%2BStandard.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8gvSQqU1hG8/WYDtSKvvMHI/AAAAAAAAERo/I9TnjiPtm9oRYvJkiNbo9XnU7KpZspr_QCLcBGAs/s1600/Standard%2BSubregions.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="906" data-original-width="1154" height="502" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8gvSQqU1hG8/WYDtSKvvMHI/AAAAAAAAERo/I9TnjiPtm9oRYvJkiNbo9XnU7KpZspr_QCLcBGAs/s640/Standard%2BSubregions.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Complete</span></b><br />Here are my new results in the complete view at the global, regional and subregional levels.<br /><br /><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3IrTDImgb4s/WYDtnNs6dYI/AAAAAAAAERw/0tDlU6kKoYgNtN0sBJzu-RbQZv0GwIIGwCLcBGAs/s1600/Complete%2BGlobal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="552" data-original-width="1122" height="314" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3IrTDImgb4s/WYDtnNs6dYI/AAAAAAAAERw/0tDlU6kKoYgNtN0sBJzu-RbQZv0GwIIGwCLcBGAs/s640/Complete%2BGlobal.jpg" width="640" /></a><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f1wcOOv-CnU/WYDtm1rXotI/AAAAAAAAERs/pUNSajp2iWUDoAeAnGA9ZzJ-MOjMW5K8gCLcBGAs/s1600/Complete%2BRegional.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="556" data-original-width="1128" height="314" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f1wcOOv-CnU/WYDtm1rXotI/AAAAAAAAERs/pUNSajp2iWUDoAeAnGA9ZzJ-MOjMW5K8gCLcBGAs/s640/Complete%2BRegional.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dIp_R0UTebE/WYDtnOnJ2NI/AAAAAAAAER0/nD6lgr6au1gVE99FkWRZNAjjYLrxSrJswCLcBGAs/s1600/Complete%2BSubregions.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="909" data-original-width="1155" height="502" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dIp_R0UTebE/WYDtnOnJ2NI/AAAAAAAAER0/nD6lgr6au1gVE99FkWRZNAjjYLrxSrJswCLcBGAs/s640/Complete%2BSubregions.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">My genealogical ancestry</span></b><br />For comparison here is a chart showing the place of birth of all my ancestors going back for five generations. (The chart is inspired by the #Mycolorfulancestry meme started by J. Paul Hawthorne over at the <a href="http://www.geneaspy.com/2016/03/a-little-thing-that-went-viral.html">Geneaspy blog</a>.)<br /><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EwbxMTCLwOU/WYDwkGlxbWI/AAAAAAAAESI/6aOb8UFYLGARjVM0HaHzAayzjY2anUG9gCLcBGAs/s1600/6%2Bgeneration%2Bchart%2B26%2BSeptember%2B2016%2Bnewest.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1364" data-original-width="1138" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-EwbxMTCLwOU/WYDwkGlxbWI/AAAAAAAAESI/6aOb8UFYLGARjVM0HaHzAayzjY2anUG9gCLcBGAs/s640/6%2Bgeneration%2Bchart%2B26%2BSeptember%2B2016%2Bnewest.jpg" width="532" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Discussion</b></span><br />The biggest change in my results is that the Lincolnshire component has dropped from 17.5% to just 4.1%. I was somewhat perplexed by the high Lincolnshire percentage before so this lower assignment seems more in line with what I might have expected. Devon has dropped from 16.2% to 7.3% but Cornwall has now gone up from 4.6% to 8.2%. I've also lost the small trace percentage from North Yorkshire. You can see my family ancestry maps from the first version of the Living DNA test&nbsp;<a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/01/my-living-dna-results-part-1-family.html">here</a>.<br /><br />The results still broadly correlate with my known genealogical ancestry, though more of my ancestry has been assigned to the north of England and Scotland than I would have expected. I don't have any known ancestry from Cornwall or South Wales but I suspect there's a lot of overlap for neighbouring counties, and this could represent my Somerset and Bristol ancestry. And of course I still have a number of lines that I've not been able to trace back any further for various reasons.<br /><br />Living DNA have further updates planned for later this year so it will be interesting to see how my results evolve over time.<br /><br /></div></div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/zTh3khk56ak" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com2http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/08/my-updated-family-ancestry-maps-from.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-43394920897629543702017-07-31T23:05:00.000+01:002017-08-01T09:56:04.586+01:00Family Tree DNA summer saleI've received notification from Family Tree DNA that their summer sale will be starting tomorrow 1st August. There are discounted prices on their most popular tests and upgrades are also included in the sale. Family Finder is reduced to $69 and the BigY is reduced to $395. The sale runs until 31st August. Any items ordered on invoice must be paid within a week of the ending of the sale. Here are the details of the sale prices (in US dollars):<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img align="center" class="mcnImage" id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/390d5a162ff8d6f1abfee7834/images/d68718f0-c438-46ed-bb91-5ac48dd9495f.png" style="border-width: 0in; display: inline; height: auto; max-width: 1200px; outline: none; padding-bottom: 0in; vertical-align: bottom;" width="600" /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: &quot;times new roman&quot; , serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/3ol3P5MuJpc" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/07/family-tree-dna-summer-sale.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-49322417098164457772017-07-30T19:51:00.001+01:002017-07-31T13:32:45.275+01:00Living DNA updates and GEDmatch GenesisWhile I was away on holiday in California in June Living DNA rolled out a couple of updates.<br /><br />They have now provided us with the facility to download our raw data. You will find the new menu when you log into your Living DNA account.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aXLmCatVbVM/WX4J5dJuinI/AAAAAAAAEQs/4JCTSwY_R5Y77rZCKpbA6jwlSNVJ-A1JQCLcBGAs/s1600/Download%2Braw%2Bdata%2BLiving%2BDNA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="1184" height="188" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aXLmCatVbVM/WX4J5dJuinI/AAAAAAAAEQs/4JCTSwY_R5Y77rZCKpbA6jwlSNVJ-A1JQCLcBGAs/s640/Download%2Braw%2Bdata%2BLiving%2BDNA.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />We can use the raw data to do our own analyses and to upload the results to third-party sites to get additional interpretations. However, Living DNA uses a different chip from the other main testing companies (23andMe, AncestryDNA, Family Tree DNA and MyHeritage). The Living DNA test is run on the new&nbsp;<a href="https://www.illumina.com/products/by-type/microarray-kits/infinium-global-screening.html">Illumina Global Screening Array chip</a>&nbsp;whereas the other companies are currently using the Illumina OmniExpress chip. As a result the Living DNA raw data is not compatible with other sites as there are not enough overlapping <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Single-nucleotide_polymorphism">SNPs</a> (markers) to make reliable relationship predictions. (Note, however, that if you are interested in getting health reports, you can upload your Living DNA raw data to <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Promethease">Promethease</a>.)<br /><br />It's already been announced that 23andMe will be moving over to the <a href="https://www.illumina.com/company/news-center/press-releases/press-release-details.html">GSA chip in due course</a>, and it's likely that the other companies will eventually follow suit as the Illumina OmniExpress is being phased out. The GSA chip is designed for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imputation_(genetics)">imputation</a>. This is the process of inferring missing markers using statistical algorithms. Imputation can be done with a high degree of accuracy provided that sufficient reference populations are available. We will need to wait and see how the companies cope with the change but in theory the GSA chip is backwardly compatible with the OmniExpress. Much will depend on the quality of the imputation.<br /><br />In the meantime the wonderful team at GEDmatch have come to the rescue. They are now beta-testing a new service called Genesis which will allow people to upload kits using formats that are not compatible with the main GEDmatch database. This includes Living DNA kits and exome sequences. The intention is that eventually the two databases will be merged.<br /><br />GEDmatch are also in the process of developing an exciting new <a href="https://genesis.gedmatch.com/Qblurb.html">Genesis Algorithm</a> which promises to provide more accurate matches. This is what the new Genesis home page looks like.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hfI7jMEF0r4/WX3lIp8O1TI/AAAAAAAAEQI/lPyfjVlaH5MZ7rzp-dj1fuxP0esh1XmPQCLcBGAs/s1600/GedMatch%2BGenesis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="585" data-original-width="797" height="468" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hfI7jMEF0r4/WX3lIp8O1TI/AAAAAAAAEQI/lPyfjVlaH5MZ7rzp-dj1fuxP0esh1XmPQCLcBGAs/s640/GedMatch%2BGenesis.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Here is a screenshot of the upload page.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UQCylysLkpc/WX3pLlbJtXI/AAAAAAAAEQU/Y0wP4LI6MTUBVKNQ-jce0rGx_WxusmylgCLcBGAs/s1600/GEdmatch%2BGenesis%2Buploads.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="802" height="406" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UQCylysLkpc/WX3pLlbJtXI/AAAAAAAAEQU/Y0wP4LI6MTUBVKNQ-jce0rGx_WxusmylgCLcBGAs/s640/GEdmatch%2BGenesis%2Buploads.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />I was successfully able to upload my Living DNA raw data to GEDmatch Genesis. When uploading your Living DNA data make sure you use the link for "Generic uploads (23andMe, FTDNA, Ancestry, most others)". Within a few minutes of uploading my raw data I was able to use the Genesis site to look at the various admixture calculators.<br /><br />Here is a report using my Living DNA data with the Eurogenes K13 report. There are just 58623 SNPs used in this report.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aRX2qb8rmoo/WX4CLyFrXsI/AAAAAAAAEQg/CH9tDX0OXL4IY6K53ToZ0_gFLeM_it2PACLcBGAs/s1600/Eurogenes%2BK13%2BLiving%2BDNA%2B30%2BJuly%2B2017.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="877" data-original-width="1095" height="512" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-aRX2qb8rmoo/WX4CLyFrXsI/AAAAAAAAEQg/CH9tDX0OXL4IY6K53ToZ0_gFLeM_it2PACLcBGAs/s640/Eurogenes%2BK13%2BLiving%2BDNA%2B30%2BJuly%2B2017.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />When using the same Eurogenes K13 calculator on my standard GEDmatch kit 181512 SNPs are used in the comparison. However, as you can see from the screenshot below, the two reports are remarkably similar, despite the reduced number of SNPs used for the Living DNA comparison.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Bnf7S0Sk6CU/WX4CWa3Ow0I/AAAAAAAAEQk/fKyPk_QPFKkpjpjYc5G5PmiefAD3ilmrQCLcBGAs/s1600/Eurogenes%2BK13%2BFTDNA.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="850" data-original-width="1112" height="488" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Bnf7S0Sk6CU/WX4CWa3Ow0I/AAAAAAAAEQk/fKyPk_QPFKkpjpjYc5G5PmiefAD3ilmrQCLcBGAs/s640/Eurogenes%2BK13%2BFTDNA.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />A few hours after I'd uploaded my results I was able to access my matches. Here is a screenshot of my matches with the kit numbers, names and e-mail addresses blurred out. Click on the image to enlarge it.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J3ZRkMUAR3U/WX4TJ4zb26I/AAAAAAAAEQ8/y7tAn-sQEgsKUdQENZavogCINKN-gQ3YgCLcBGAs/s1600/Genesis%2Bmatches.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="882" data-original-width="1600" height="352" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-J3ZRkMUAR3U/WX4TJ4zb26I/AAAAAAAAEQ8/y7tAn-sQEgsKUdQENZavogCINKN-gQ3YgCLcBGAs/s640/Genesis%2Bmatches.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />We are given information on the largest shared segment, the total cMs shared and the number of overlapping SNPs. Information is also provided about the confidence of the results. Confidence is very high for comparisons between two Living DNA kits but very low for comparisons with other companies.<br /><br />All my matches are currently very low resolution and they go right down to matches that share a total of just 5 cMs. Few if any of these matches are likely to fall into a genealogical timeframe. Interestingly I've already spotted the names of four people I know amongst my Living DNA matches! As more people add their results to the Genesis database it will be a very useful way of making connections and doing comparisons across different testing companies. I look forward with interest to seeing how the Genesis algorithm develops.<br /><br />The other new feature that Living DNA have rolled is what they call Family Views, which allows you to view your admixture results in&nbsp;<a href="https://www.livingdna.com/en-us/blog/275/new-feature-your-family-dna-views">Complete, Standard and Cautious modes</a>. With the launch of this feature all our admixture results were completely rerun. This is because of teething problems with the new GSA chip. After initial quality control checks Illumina issued a new validation file to correct the errors. As validation continues it's possible that there will be further changes in the future. I will write separately about my updated Living DNA results in a future blog post.<br /><br />There are also other updates in the pipeline as I learned at the <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/06/southern-california-genealogical.html">Southern California Genealogical Society's Jamboree</a>&nbsp;conference in June when a group of us attended a get-together with David Nicholson and Martin Blythe from Living DNA.<br /><br />Living DNA should be able to accept uploads from other companies by the end of July. However, there are only a few days of July left and this hasn't yet happened so perhaps the launch of this feature has been delayed.<br /><br />Living DNA are also working on a matching programme which they hope to start beta-testing in September.<br /><br />A big update to our admixture results can be expected by the end of the year as more reference datasets are added to the collection. They will be including data from the <a href="https://www.simonsfoundation.org/life-sciences/simons-genome-diversity-project-dataset/">Symons Genome Diversity Project</a>, data from Asia and data from Aboriginals in Australia. Their <a href="https://www.livingdna.com/irish-dna-research-project">Irish DNA Research Project</a> is going well and they already have 1200 samples. They now have 450 people in their <a href="https://www.livingdna.com/german-dna-research-project">German DNA Research Project</a>. Further projects are planned for France, Portugal, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands.<br /><br />We can look forward to some very exciting new developments in the next six months.<br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><b>Further reading</b><br /><ul><li><a href="https://www.livingdna.com/en-us/blog/274/new-feature-downloading-your-raw-data">New feature: downloading your raw data</a>&nbsp;Living DNA blog, 15 June 2017.</li><li><a href="https://www.livingdna.com/en-us/blog/275/new-feature-your-family-dna-views">New feature: your family DNA views</a> Living DNA blog, 15 June 2017.</li></ul><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/rFvg-8XhdAo" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/07/living-dna-updates-and-gedmatch-genesis.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-77948662554734852972017-07-29T00:27:00.002+01:002017-10-17T16:26:42.182+01:00Comparing match tallies for family members with Family Tree DNA's Family Finder testI've taken a look at the total number of matches for all my family members who have taken a Family Finder test at Family Tree DNA. I've also done a comparison with the data I extracted on 26th May 2016 just before <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/new-match-thresholds-for-family-tree.html">Family Tree DNA updated their matching algorithms</a>. The results are shown in the table below. Note that I have excluded immediate family members from the totals.<br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 600px;"> <colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 5741; mso-width-source: userset; width: 118pt;" width="157"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 6290; mso-width-source: userset; width: 129pt;" width="172"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 6107; mso-width-source: userset; width: 125pt;" width="167"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 3803; mso-width-source: userset; width: 78pt;" width="104"></col> </colgroup><tbody><tr height="50" style="height: 37.5pt;"> <td class="xl65" height="50" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; height: 37.5pt; width: 118pt;" width="157">Relation</td> <td class="xl71" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; width: 129pt;" width="172">Number of matches<br />&nbsp;28 July 2017</td> <td class="xl71" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; width: 125pt;" width="167">Number of matches<br />&nbsp;26 May 2016</td> <td class="xl70" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; width: 78pt;" width="104">% increase</td> </tr><tr height="25" style="height: 18.75pt;"> <td class="xl69" height="25" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; height: 18.75pt; width: 118pt;" width="157">Debbie</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">1217</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">592</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">51%</td> </tr><tr height="25" style="height: 18.75pt;"> <td class="xl69" height="25" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; height: 18.75pt; width: 118pt;" width="157">Debbie's dad</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">1344</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">643</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52%</td> </tr><tr height="25" style="height: 18.75pt;"> <td class="xl69" height="25" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; height: 18.75pt; width: 118pt;" width="157">Debbie's mum</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">1038</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">495</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52%</td> </tr><tr height="25" style="height: 18.75pt;"> <td class="xl69" height="25" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; height: 18.75pt; width: 118pt;" width="157">Debbie's husband</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">905</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">443</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">51%</td> </tr><tr height="25" style="height: 18.75pt;"> <td class="xl69" height="25" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; height: 18.75pt; width: 118pt;" width="157">Debbie's eldest son</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">1138</td> <td class="xl67" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">542</td> <td class="xl68" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">52%</td> </tr></tbody></table><br />If my matches are representative of the wider Family Finder database then there has been over a 50% increase in the size of the database in the last 14 months.<br /><br />I've also looked at the number of matches I share with my parents and taken stock of the number of matches which don't match either parent.<br /><br />I share 501 matches with my dad. Of these, 320 were assigned to the paternal side with <a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/learn/ftdna/ftdna-family-matching-system/">FTDNA's Family Matching tool</a>. The remaining 181 matches were in common with my dad but did not meet the threshold for Family Matching.<br /><br />I share 402 matches with my mum. Of these, 276 were assigned to the maternal side with the Family Matching tool. The remaining 126 matches did not meet the threshold for Family Matching.<br /><br />I therefore have a total of 903 matches (74%) which match my mum or my dad. However, this means that 314 of my 1217 matches (26%) do not appear in the match lists of either of my parents.<br /><br />All the matches that don't match my parents have a longest segment under 15 cMs. This is the breakdown.<br /><br /><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 221px;"> <colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 4900; mso-width-source: userset; width: 101pt;" width="134"></col> <col style="mso-width-alt: 3181; mso-width-source: userset; width: 65pt;" width="87"></col> </colgroup><tbody><tr height="25" style="height: 18.75pt;"> <td class="xl63" height="25" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; height: 18.75pt; width: 101pt;" width="134">Longest block&nbsp;</td> <td class="xl63" style="background: rgb(68, 114, 196); border-bottom: 1.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: none; color: white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 700; width: 65pt;" width="87">Number</td> </tr><tr height="25" style="height: 18.75pt;"> <td class="xl64" height="25" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; height: 18.75pt;">10-14 cMs</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(180, 198, 231); border-bottom: 0.5pt solid white; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">28</td> </tr><tr height="25" style="height: 18.75pt;"> <td class="xl64" height="25" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: 0.5pt solid white; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; height: 18.75pt;">7-9 cMs</td> <td class="xl65" style="background: rgb(217, 225, 242); border-bottom: none; border-left: 0.5pt solid white; border-right: none; border-top: 0.5pt solid white; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">286</td> </tr></tbody></table><br />The last time I did a comparison of parent and child matches I found that <a href="http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/AUTOSOMAL-DNA/2014-10/1412582451">23% of my matches</a> did not match either of my parents.<br /><br />These matches are either false positives or false negatives but without further investigation it is not possible to tell.<br /><br />Have you tested both of your parents at Family Tree DNA? What are your statistics?<br /><b><br /></b><b>Related blog posts</b><br /><ul><li><a href="hhttps://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/08/comparing-parent-and-child-matches-at.html">Comparing parent and child matches at AncestryDNA</a></li><li><a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/parent-and-child-comparisons-at_26.html">Parent and child comparisons at MyHeritage DNA</a></li></ul><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/STmrbY5nGl8" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com3http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/07/comparing-match-tallies-for-family.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-56231924885679683482017-07-28T13:19:00.001+01:002017-07-28T14:02:08.706+01:00DNA surprisesIn all my genetic genealogy talks I always warn people to be prepared for the unexpected when taking a DNA test. DNA is a very powerful tool for the genealogist but it can also uncover family secrets and reveal close relations that we didn't know existed. Furthermore, we don't always get the answer we expected. As Bennett Greenspan of Family Tree DNA often says in his talks: "If you don't want to know the answer, don't ask the question". For some people DNA can completely overturn their concept of identity and they discover that they are not who they thought they were.<br /><div><br /></div><div>Sometimes DNA can reveal the most incredible stories that are stranger than anything in fiction. One such story has just been published this week in <i>The Washington Post. </i>The article focuses on a number of surprise findings from DNA testing but tells in detail&nbsp;the story of Alice Collins Plebuch who took a DNA test with AncestryDNA which was to change her life forever. The article is is a long read but a very worthwhile investment of your time. &nbsp;The journalist Libby Copeland is to be congratulated for her sensitive coverage of this story and her meticulous attention to detail. You can read the article by clicking on&nbsp;<a href="https://strangepilgrimage.wordpress.com/2015/01/22/and-who-wouldve-thought-it-figures/">this link</a>.</div><div><div><br /></div><div>We have in fact known about this story in the genetic genealogy community for several years now, but this is the first time it has been picked up by the mainstream media. If you want some further background information check out <a href="http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/2015/02/switched-at-birth-unravelling-century_27.html">this article </a>on CeCe Moore's blog where the story was first revealed. There is an additional perspective in <a href="https://strangepilgrimage.wordpress.com/2015/01/22/and-who-wouldve-thought-it-figures/">this blog post</a>. Both of these blog posts also have additional photographs that weren't in <i>The Washington Post</i> article, but don't read the blog posts until you've read the article.</div></div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/_VYS0H2LkdY" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com2http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/07/dna-surprises.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-25712409999039196042017-07-26T23:01:00.003+01:002017-11-12T15:09:49.409+00:00Parent and child comparisons at MyHeritage DNAI recently transferred&nbsp;my parents' data to the MyHeritage DNA database and I thought it would be an interesting exercise to compare their matches and admixture reports with my own. I transferred my AncestryDNA v1 raw data to MyHeritage and my parents' Family Finder raw data from Family Tree DNA. All three tests were done on the same Illumina OmniExpress chip so there should be an almost complete overlap of SNPs.<br /><br />MyHeritage are the newest entrant into the genetic genealogy market. They <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2016/11/my-heritage-have-announced-launch-of.html">launched their autosomal test in November 2016</a>. If you've tested with AncestryDNA, Family Tree DNA or 23andMe it is currently possible to do <a href="https://www.myheritage.com/dna/upload">a free transfer to MyHeritage</a>. It is not clear if the transfer will be free in the long term so do take advantage while you have the chance.<br /><br />While the MyHeritage database still has a long way to go to catch up with the other companies there are already early reports of&nbsp;<a href="http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/2017/04/the-fourth-pond-myheritage-dna.html">DNA success stories</a>. MyHeritage benefits from a website which is available in many different languages, and they are therefore likely to attract customers who will not be found in any of the other databases.<br /><br /><b>DNA matches</b><br />MyHeritage currently provide information about the amount of DNA shared (measured in centiMorgans), the number of shared segments, and the size of the largest segment. A chromosome browser is not provided though this feature is reportedly in development. It is also not yet possible to download a list of your matches, but hopefully this will be possible in future.<br /><br />One of the most useful features of the MyHeritage matches feature is that there are country flags against the names of your matches. This allows you to focus on the matches who live in the countries where you are mostly likely to share recent genealogical ancestors.<br /><br />My dad currently has 59 matches at MyHeritage (excluding me as his daughter). Most of his matches are in America but he has four matches with people from Great Britain, three from Sweden, and one each from the Czech Republic, Canada and Norway.<br /><br />My mum has 20 matches at MyHeritage (excluding me as her daughter). Again the matches are predominantly with Americans but she has two matches with people from Great Britain and one with an Australian.<br /><br />I have 24 matches at MyHeritage (excluding my parents). I have one match each from Luxembourg, Great Britain, Australia and Ireland. The rest of my matches are in America.<br /><br />MyHeritage have a nice Shared DNA Matches feature which not only allows you to see which matches you have in common but also provides relationship predictions and the amount of shared DNA for both matches side by side. This is what the Shared DNA Matches page looks like for me and my mum.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v33lX7ID2iA/WXj-8bjKpQI/AAAAAAAAEP0/BywFaINu-gwV7lRBSgtZ0XFWqEJuOk3awCLcBGAs/s1600/Shared%2BMatches%2Bfeature.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="866" data-original-width="1184" height="467" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v33lX7ID2iA/WXj-8bjKpQI/AAAAAAAAEP0/BywFaINu-gwV7lRBSgtZ0XFWqEJuOk3awCLcBGAs/s640/Shared%2BMatches%2Bfeature.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>I share two of my 24 matches with my mum and six matches with my dad. However this means that 17 of my 24 matches (71%) do not match either of my parents. These matches are either false positives or false negatives, but without further investigation it's not possible to tell.<br /><br />I don't recognise any of the names in the match lists and it seems to me that, even if the matches are real, the relationship predictions are overly optimistic. Some of the matches are predicted to be second to fourth cousins, and even the most distant matches are predicted to be third to sixth cousins. However, I do not have any ancestors who emigrated to countries like Sweden, Norway and the Czech Republic. I also don't have any ancestors who emigrated to America. I do have a few cousins in America through a collateral line but I know them all by name. The Americans on my match list are likely to be very distant cousins, if they are related to me at all. Of the matches that I share with my parents all eight of them are in the US.<br /><br />Clearly MyHeritage need to do some work on the matching algorithms, and I'm sure we will see some improvements in future. For the moment it doesn't seem worth investing too much time in researching these matches.<br /><br /><b>Comparing admixture percentages</b><br />In addition to cousin matching, the MyHeritage test also includes a free admixture report which they call an Ethnicity Estimate. Results are compared with 42 reference populations around the world, and there are plans to add further populations in the future. MyHeritage do not state what time depth their test is designed to cover.<br /><br />Here are the details of my dad's genealogical ancestry:<br /><ul><li>Four grandparents born in England: Bristol, Gloucestershire, London (x2).</li><li>Eight great-grandparents born in England: Bristol (x2), Devon, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hertfordshire, London (x2).</li><li>Fifteen great-great grandparents born in England: Devon (x2), Bristol, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hertfordshire (x 2), London. One great-great grandparent born in Scotland (location not known). The birthplace of seven of his English great-great-grandparents is unknown. Four were probably born in Bristol or in a nearby county. Three were Londoners who could have moved to London from anywhere in England.&nbsp;</li></ul><div>Here are my dad's admixture percentages from MyHeritage.<br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HwSOCii8bdU/WXjJQDZUYUI/AAAAAAAAEPY/aXl-elJ2LmQlrIgHyl5XRhrLbNcIyWuggCLcBGAs/s1600/Dad%2527s%2Bpercentages.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="566" data-original-width="730" height="496" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HwSOCii8bdU/WXjJQDZUYUI/AAAAAAAAEPY/aXl-elJ2LmQlrIgHyl5XRhrLbNcIyWuggCLcBGAs/s640/Dad%2527s%2Bpercentages.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div>Here are the details of my mum's genealogical ancestry:</div><div><ul><li>Four grandparents born in England: London (x2), Hampshire (x2).</li><li>Eight great-grandparents born in England: Berkshire, Hampshire, London (x3), Somerset, Wiltshire. The birthplace of one great-grandparent is not known but he was probably born in London.</li><li>One great-great-grandparent born in County Kerry, Ireland. Fifteen great-great-grandparents born in England: Bedfordshire, Berkshire (x2), Gloucestershire, Hampshire (x2), Hertfordshire, London (x2), Somerset (x2), Wiltshire. The birthplace of three of her English great-great-grandparents is unknown. One was probably born in Hampshire. The other two were probably Londoners who could have come from anywhere in the country.</li></ul><div>Here are my mum's admixture percentages from MyHeritage:</div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fbFpn7lg8Bs/WXjJ7ldJ2_I/AAAAAAAAEPg/6gWYSoNCZ64_FwM5dvNEUXNI3YgvyfJRwCLcBGAs/s1600/Mum%2527s%2Badmixture%2Bpercentages.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="445" data-original-width="725" height="392" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fbFpn7lg8Bs/WXjJ7ldJ2_I/AAAAAAAAEPg/6gWYSoNCZ64_FwM5dvNEUXNI3YgvyfJRwCLcBGAs/s640/Mum%2527s%2Badmixture%2Bpercentages.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div>Here are my admixture percentages from MyHeritage.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wUTeBLfStQE/WXjKvw7DgzI/AAAAAAAAEPk/F0tuKcH7XXw5pjgZouwOmVYmzdh8QUWNgCLcBGAs/s1600/Debbie%2527s%2Badmixture%2Bpercentages.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="529" data-original-width="691" height="488" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wUTeBLfStQE/WXjKvw7DgzI/AAAAAAAAEPk/F0tuKcH7XXw5pjgZouwOmVYmzdh8QUWNgCLcBGAs/s640/Debbie%2527s%2Badmixture%2Bpercentages.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div>It's good to see that MyHeritage are at least trying to produce regional distributions within the British Isles, even though the results are somewhat off the mark. It's interesting to see that my parents come out with such very different results, despite the fact that they both have predominantly English ancestry. We have no Italian ancestry and the Italian component in the MyHeritage test does not show up in our results in tests with any other company. The admixture reports will no doubt be refined in future as the methodology improves and more reference datasets are added.<br /><br /><b>Update 12th November 2017</b><br />We have been getting reports of close matches which have been incorrectly reported at MyHeritage DNA. Lorna Henderson has <a href="http://dnasurnames.blogspot.co.uk/2017/10/yet-another-myheritage-dna-mystery.html">reported problems with a second cousin match</a> which was identified at other companies but not at MyHeritage DNA. CeCe Moore has blogged about&nbsp; a number of cases where <a href="http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/2017/11/discrepancies-with-amount-of-shared-dna.html">half-siblings were reported as sharing an unexpectedly low amount of DNA</a>.&nbsp;Yaniv Erlich, MyHeritage's Chief Scientific Officer, has responded on CeCe's&nbsp;blog and says that "We are well aware of these issues that affect a minority of our close matches. My team is actively working on this and we are in the final steps of a major overhaul to our matching system that resolves many of these issues and better tunes our parameters for our fast growing database." Let's hope that these issues are resolved sooner rather than later.<br /><br />At present I do not advise trusting the matches reported by MyHeritage. If you've tested at MyHeritage I would recommend in the first instance that you download your raw data and take advantage of the <a href="https://www.familytreedna.com/autosomal-transfer">free transfer to Family Tree DNA</a>. Note that MyHeritage DNA transfers are exempt from the $19 fee to unlock the chromosome browser and MyOrigins reports. This will allow you to do a double check on the amount of shared DNA and access a different database of matches. When calculating the cM totals at FTDNA be sure to exclude all the small segments under 5 cMs or 7 cMs to get a more accurate reflection of the relationship.<br /><br /><b>Further reading</b><br /><ul><li><a href="http://wing-ops.blogspot.co.uk/2017/08/imprecise-science-part-2-myheritage.html">Imprecise science Part 2: MyHeritage</a> by Alex Coles, <i>Winging It</i>, 16 August 2017</li><li><a href="http://thednageek.com/myheritage-matching/">MyHeritage matching</a> by Leah Larkin, <i>The DNA Geek</i>, 21 July 2017</li><li><a href="https://blog.myheritage.com/2017/06/introducing-our-new-dna-ethnicity-analysis/">Introducing our new DNA ethnicity analysis</a>, MyHeritage blog, 1 June 2017&nbsp;</li><li><a href="http://helpcenter.myheritage.com/DNA/">DNA articles in the MyHeritage Help Centre</a></li></ul><b>Related blog posts</b><br /><ul><li><a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/05/updated-myheritage-ethnicity-estimates.html">Updated MyHeritage Ethnicity Estimates are now available for all users</a></li><li><a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/parent-and-child-comparisons-at.html">Parent and child comparisons at AncestryDNA</a></li><li><a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/comparing-match-tallies-for-family.html">Comparing match tallies for family members with Family Tree DNA's Family Finder test</a></li></ul></div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/8rxVXNwK-DY" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com8http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/07/parent-and-child-comparisons-at_26.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-72423691402235490892017-07-19T23:38:00.001+01:002017-07-21T14:03:19.473+01:00The end of the road for BritainsDNA and myDNAGlobal <div class="MsoNormal">I wrote back in May last year that the BritainsDNA family of companies, which includes ScotlandsDNA, IrelandsDNA, CymruDNAWales and YorkshiresDNA, had been <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/rebranding-of-britainsdna-and.html">rebranded under the new name of MyDNAgloba</a>l after the company was taken over by Source BioScience.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">On checking the <a href="https://www.mydna.global/">MyDNAglobal</a>&nbsp;website today I discovered that the company is no longer taking orders. The following notice now appears on the&nbsp;website</div><blockquote class="tr_bq">Dear Customers&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">It is with regret that effective from 3rd July 2017 MyDNA.global will no longer be accepting new orders.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Whilst we have enjoyed offering this individual service it is unfortunately not something we are able to provide going forwards.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">All existing orders will be honoured – if you have recently purchased a test and have yet to return your sample please do so by 31 August 2017 so we can process your results. &nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Unfortunately we cannot guarantee that samples received after 31 August 2017 will be processed.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">For those customers who have already received their results these will be available to you via our website until 31 August 2018, after which they will no longer be available.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">If you have any queries please email our support team:&nbsp;support@myDNA.global.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Thank you for your custom.</blockquote><div class="MsoNormal">If you've tested with any of these companies I would suggest that you download all your data while you have the chance.<br /><br /><b>Update</b><br />For further information on the demise of BritainsDNA and background information on Source Bioscience see the article by Ewan Lamb <a href="http://notjustsheepandrugby.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/britainsdna-thing-of-past.html">BritainsDNA - a thing of the past</a>.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/z52Q7ov2lAo" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/07/the-end-of-road-for-britainsdna-and.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-54965318740412968362017-07-18T15:35:00.000+01:002017-07-18T22:44:58.678+01:00The GPS origins test - the DREAM chip compared with AncestryDNA and 23andMe transfers<div class="tr_bq">Last November I wrote <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2016/11/a-review-of-gps-origins-test-four.html">a review the GPS Origins test</a> in which I was able to compare reports for four people with very different ethnicities, all of whom received disappointing results. However, the reports were all based on transfers of data from 23andMe or AncestryDNA. The GPS Origins test was designed for use with a custom microarray chip known as the DREAM (Diversity of REcent and Ancient huMan). This chip has has over 800,000 markers compared with 700,000+ markers for the AncestryDNA v1 chip and 500,000+ markers for the 23andMe v4 chip.</div><br />The DREAM chip was developed by Dr Eran Elhaik who is currently based at the University of Sheffield. In February this year Dr Elhaik gave <a href="https://www.rootstech.org/schedule?date=2017-02-10&amp;pass=rootstech">a presentation at Rootstech about the DREAM chip</a>. I was not at Rootstech, but&nbsp;<a href="http://static.coreapps.net/rootstech2017/handouts/e003461d2e9872148f0e753c539153a1_1.pdf">the handout from the presentation is available online</a> and this provides some technical details about the chip:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">DREAM consists of ~800,000 markers: 730,000 autosomal,50,000 X-chromosomal, 18,000 Ychromosomal, and 1,300 mitochondrial markers. DREAM includes unique ancestry informative markers for 500 worldwide populations. It also includes a large number of ancient markers unique to over 300 ancient genomes that allows inferring relatedness to our ancestors (1000 to 50,000 years ago). These powerful markers allows DREAM full compatibility with the Geographical Population Structure Origins (GPS Origins<sup>TM</sup> technology. GPS Origins<sup>TM</sup> traces the geographical origins of your parental ancestries, down to home village in some cases, trace their migration routes, and date their arrival to these locations. GPS Origins<sup>TM</sup> has a time resolution that ranges from 100 to 10,000 years.</blockquote>In addition DREAM tests around 2,000 genes to "determine ~40 adaptations (e.g., high altitudes) and special traits (e.g., eye color)".<br /><br />The GPS Origins test does not currently match you with your genetic cousins but it's possible that this feature will added in the future. The chip includes around 400 copy number variants (CNVs) which it is claimed will help to improve the accuracy of relationship predictions for 4th and 5th degree relatives (first cousins and first cousins once removed). It should be noted that the currently available cousin-matching tests from AncestryDNA, 23andMe and Family Tree DNA can already be used to make reliable inferences about relationships up to about the fourth cousin level when the results are used in combination with genealogical information. It may that the use of CNVs is intended to improve inferences when contextual information is not available.<br /><br />The developer describes DREAM on his blog as "a new microarray that can support concepts that do not yet exist. The difference between DREAM and the old-generation arrays is the same as between smartphones and plain cell phones. They can both make phone calls and text one another, but only smartphones allow running apps. In other words, some of the tests that would be developed on DREAM may work on the old arrays, but not all tests. We’ll do our best to support to all microarrays, of course". (The full blog post can be read <a href="https://khazardnaproject.wordpress.com/2017/03/08/genetic-genealogy-through-the-ages/">here</a>.)<br /><br />I don't know what the overlap of markers is on the DREAM chip compared with the chips used by AncestryDNA, 23andMe and Family Tree DNA but with additional markers, many of which were specifically selected for biogeographical ancestry, it seems plausible that if a test was done on the chip for which it was designed the results might be much improved. However, it is apparent that many of the problems with this test are related to the methodology, which cannot be replicated and is conceptually unsound. (See <a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2016/11/a-review-of-gps-origins-test-four.html">my previous review of the GPS Origins test</a> for a fuller discussion of these issues and links to sources.)<br /><br />Peter Moriarty contacted me after stumbling upon my original review. He has tested on the DREAM chip but he had also previously transferred his raw data to GPS Origins from both 23andMe and AncestryDNA. He has very kindly given me permission to share his reports. This gives us a unique opportunity to compare the results obtained from the DREAM chip with results from AncestryDNA and 23andMe transfers. Here is what Peter says:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Like some of your other contributors I was disappointed with the 1st raw date upload results, which was from my Family Tree results, so I thought I would retry by supplying the raw data from 23andMe. Again the results were disappointing (to say the least), and curiously they show different locations where my DNA apparently first showed a traceable origin. SO, having dug a hole, and having received responses/explanations from GPS Origins that they couldn’t be responsible for raw DNA data from other sources, I jumped in the hole I dug, and ordered a full GPS Origins DNA test. The total costs of these tests was $357.00! So I hope they can be of some benefit to at least expose GPS Origins for what they are. </blockquote>Here is the migration map that Peter received from his first data upload.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MEuLcuAOwjA/WW0j4o-Z1EI/AAAAAAAAEOk/dpkZ6QB8HMQDCtbtkcfe5M84aawWLIDgwCLcBGAs/s1600/MoriartyDNAmigration_gpsOrigins2_upload1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1075" data-original-width="1600" height="427" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MEuLcuAOwjA/WW0j4o-Z1EI/AAAAAAAAEOk/dpkZ6QB8HMQDCtbtkcfe5M84aawWLIDgwCLcBGAs/s640/MoriartyDNAmigration_gpsOrigins2_upload1.png" width="640" /></a></div><br />Here is the migration map from Peter's second data upload. Peter does not know which of these maps relate to AncestryDNA and 23andMe and so far the company have not been able to tell him which one is which.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xf2BM0tujPk/WW0j-lBCunI/AAAAAAAAEOo/EY2ugWmnrMcptAaTlaqJe7DifYr6_P1-wCLcBGAs/s1600/MoriartyDNAmigration_gpsOrigins3_upload2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="426" data-original-width="640" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xf2BM0tujPk/WW0j-lBCunI/AAAAAAAAEOo/EY2ugWmnrMcptAaTlaqJe7DifYr6_P1-wCLcBGAs/s640/MoriartyDNAmigration_gpsOrigins3_upload2.png" width="640" /></a></div><br />Here are the results that Peter received after being re-tested on the DREAM chip.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-te9q4OJRuwM/WW0kFmZ_yMI/AAAAAAAAEOs/dta29lPkZ988_sgdS0f2MUJBsG8CzKtnACLcBGAs/s1600/MoriartyDNAmigration_gpsOrigins1_DNAtest.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1055" data-original-width="1600" height="419" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-te9q4OJRuwM/WW0kFmZ_yMI/AAAAAAAAEOs/dta29lPkZ988_sgdS0f2MUJBsG8CzKtnACLcBGAs/s640/MoriartyDNAmigration_gpsOrigins1_DNAtest.png" width="640" /></a></div><br />Peter also sent me a copy of his Gene Pool percentages which he said were "close to identical from all three test results":<br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>GENE POOL % s</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><b>Complete Results</b></div><br />#1 Fennoscandia 20.6% Origin: Peaks in the Iceland and Norway and declines in Finland, England, and France<br /><br />#2 Southern France 14.5% Origin: Peaks in south France and declines in north France, England, Orkney islands, and Scandinavia<br /><br />#3 Orkney Islands 12% Origin: Peaks in the Orkney islands and declines in England, France, Germany, Belarus, and Poland<br /><br />#4 Western Siberia 10.4% Origin: Peaks in Krasnoyarsk Krai and declines towards east Russia<br /><br />#5 Basque Country 9.5% Origin: Peaks in France and Spain Basque regions and declines in Spain, France, and Germany<br /><br />#6 Sardinia 8.1% Origin: Peaks in Sardinia and declines in weaker in Italy, Greece, Albania, and The Balkans<br /><br />#7 Southeastern India 8% Origin: Endemic to south eastern india with residues in Pakistan<br /><br />#8 Tuva 7% Origin: Peaks in south Siberia (Russians: Tuvinian) and declines in North Mongolia<br /><br />#9 Northern India 4.3% Origin: Peaks in North India (Dharkars, Kanjars) and declines in Pakistan<br /><br />#10 Arabia 1.6% Origin: Peaks in Saudi Arabia and Yemen and declines in Israel, Jordan, Iraq, and Egypt<br /><br />#11 The Southern Levant 1.4% Origin: This gene pool is localized to Israel with residues in Syria<br /><br />#12 Western South America 0.8% Origin: Peaks in Peru, Mexico, and North America and declines in Eastern Russia<br /><br />#13 Pima County: The Sonora 0.8% Origin: Peaks in Central-North America and declines towards Greenland and Eskimos<br /><br />#14 Bougainville 0.6% Origin: Peaks in Bougainville and declines in Australia<br /><br />#15 Northwestern Africa 0.1% Origin: Peaks in Algeria and declines in Morocco and Tunisia<br /><br />#16 West Africa 0.1% Origin: Peaks in Senegal and Gambia and declines in Algeria and Morocco<br /><br />Peter comments on his test results as follows:<br /><blockquote>My whole and almost only interest in genealogy started as a quest to find out where my Irish Moriarty ancestors lived in Ireland prior to emigrating from Ireland to America. I know the names of the parents of the first ancestor who left arrived in America via Canada in 1961, and am sure they lived in County Kerry, probably on or near the Dingle Peninsula. Of course the 3 autosomal DNA tests contributed little to this quest, so I also took Family Tree’s Y-DNA and mtDNA tests. Interestingly I was contacted by a surname project administrator<b>&nbsp;</b>who told me that I was related to a group of 11 people (so far) who had surnames indicating Irish and English ancestry. They encouraged me to purchase a BigY analysis. I mention all of this because this report indicates that my Irish heritage goes back to at least 365 AD. So this shows, if not proves, that I have Irish ancestry going back at least to that time. The three GPS Origins test results indicate the places where my ancestors’ formations are traceable. As you can see from my GPS Origins results, these locations range from England to Estonia to Switzerland to Sweden to Albania to Georgia and end up in Germany, Russia, Norway, and England! All depending upon which test to believe.<br /><br />GPS Origins explained away the fact that I don’t show any Irish ancestry results is that their test results probably preceded my records. They also said that probably my maternal and paternal ancestors were from different locations and therefore the GPS Origins results would split the difference and indicate locations somewhere in the middle. Huh? So much for the claim to locate the actual village of origin! Although the paper and historic documentation I have from family records only goes back from 200 years (Irish) and 400 years (German), I believe that my mother was 75% Scotch/Irish + 25% Germanic, and my father was 50% Irish and 50% English, so at least for the past 6 to 10+ generations, they were predominately English/Scotch/Irish. (We also believe there is a little Scandinavian DNA mixed in with the Scotch and perhaps the Irish ancestors), so the GPS Origins results are baffling to say the least.<br /><br />That having been said, I am only a beginner in understanding DNA. I understand that atDNA tests are good for genealogical research for about 6 generations back, and are also good for describing one’s deep ancestral ethnic makeup. The GPS Origins test results contributed zero to the former, and as far at the latter is concerned, the results may be accurate, but it seems unlikely that my ancestral make up is from such disparate locations as Russia/Siberia (17.4%) and India (12.3%) in addition to Sardinia and Basque Country etc, especially since none of these geographic locations showed up in any of the 3 other autosomal DNA tests that I took, all of which pegged my ancestors as 96-99% Western European!</blockquote>I should point out that the BigY test Peter took is a Y-chromosome test. The Y-chromosome is passed on from father to son and provides information about ancestry on the direct male line. Y-DNA testing is often used in surname projects because the transmission of the Y-chromosome usually corresponds with the inheritance of surnames. The Y-chromosome doesn't get chopped up like autosomal DNA through the process of <a href="https://isogg.org/wiki/Recombination">recombination</a> and so it can be used to trace male lines back for hundreds or thousands of years.<br /><br />Autosomal DNA provides information about our ancestors on all our family lines, but because it is diluted with each new generation you only have to go back a few generations before we find ancestors who <a href="http://thegeneticgenealogist.com/2009/11/10/qa-everyone-has-two-family-trees-a-genealogical-tree-and-a-genetic-tree/">drop off our genetic family tree</a>. Peter has 64 gggg grandparents, only one of whom was a Moriarty, and so this line represents a tiny fraction of his total pedigree. Although he clearly has deep Irish connections on his Y-DNA line, these results would not be expected to correlate with his genetic ancestry from an autosomal DNA test. In addition, our DNA can only be matched to reference datasets that are in the company's database. If a population is not included then you will be matched to the next closest population. I have been unable to find a full list of the reference populations used by GPS Origins to determine whether or not they have any data from Ireland.<br /><br />Clearly Peter gained no benefit from being tested on the DREAM chip. In fact the results he received from the full test were even more off the mark than the reports from the transfers. He has paid a hefty price to find this out. Thank you Peter for sharing your results so that others can learn from your experience and will not be tempted to waste their money.<br /><br /><b>Note</b><br />The GPS Origins test was previously sold by DNA Diagnostics Center and had its own dedicated website. The test is now being sold through <a href="https://homedna.com/gpsorigins">HomeDNA</a>&nbsp;which appears to be a subsidiary of DNA Diagnostics Center. If you previously tested with the company you will now need to get your account authorised on the new site in order to access your results. The test is currently only sold in the US and Canada.<br /><br /><b>Update</b><br />Within a few hours of publishing this article I was informed by Peter Moriarty that, following a complaint he made to GPS Origins, they provided him with a full refund for all three tests.<br /><br /><b>Related blog posts</b><br /><ul><li><a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2016/11/a-review-of-gps-origins-test-four.html">A review of the GPS Origins test: four ethnicities and four reports</a></li><li><a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2016/08/the-new-gps-origins-test-from-dna.html">The new GPS Origins test from DNA Diagnostics Center - caveat emptor</a></li></ul><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/yvsFMrg8gQ8" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/07/the-gps-origins-test-dream-chip.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-13152504833798487852017-07-14T13:20:00.001+01:002017-07-19T18:30:20.251+01:00An update to the AncestryDNA kit management systemAncestryDNA have announced that the process for activating kits will change from 18th July onwards. Up until now it has been possible to add multiple kits for your relatives to your own DNA account. The disadvantage of this process is that the person taking the test does not have full control of their own DNA and data, and there is the potential for misuse. Under the new system every person who takes a DNA test will be required to set up their own Ancestry account. They can then choose to assign sharing roles to their friends and family members. There are different levels of sharing which are explained in this graphic provided by AncestryDNA.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ArrFGejimFE/WWirq0q-ZxI/AAAAAAAAEOU/MEHVL8ZQqgo4tbRm3NEpkmAg__xCDXnOACLcBGAs/s1600/DNA%2Broles.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="975" height="281" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ArrFGejimFE/WWirq0q-ZxI/AAAAAAAAEOU/MEHVL8ZQqgo4tbRm3NEpkmAg__xCDXnOACLcBGAs/s640/DNA%2Broles.png" width="640" /></a></div><br />As can be seen, if Manager status is granted, you will be able to have full access to your relative's account and do everything that was previously possible when sharing kits under a single account. The notable and important exception is that the owner of the DNA sample is the only one who can remove Manager status. This means that the person who has taken the test will always have the right to access his or own data. Unfortunately we have sometimes had cases in the genetic genealogy community where a kit manager has blocked the tester from accessing his or her own account. This will ensure that such situations will not arise in the future.<br /><br />There are no extra costs involved. If you already have an Ancestry subscription and your relatives are sharing with you it will still be possible to benefit from all the <a href="https://support.ancestry.com/s/article/ka215000000TzyiAAC/AncestryDNA-with-an-Ancestry-Subscription-US-1460090085520-3160">additional features available to subscribers</a>&nbsp;for the kits you manage on behalf of your relatives (eg, the ability to view the full trees of their matches, and the ability to see features such as the shared ancestor hints and DNA Circles).<br /><br />AncestryDNA have written a blog post with information about the changes which you can read <a href="https://blogs.ancestry.com/ancestry/2017/07/13/enhancing-collaboration-and-roles-on-dna-results">here</a>. This post has been updated since I read it late last night to provide clarification of points raised in the comments.<br /><br />This change brings AncestryDNA into line with Family Tree DNA, who already require each customer to have their own individual account. It also ensures that AncestryDNA comply with the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.geneticgenealogystandards.com/">Genetic Genealogy Standards</a>&nbsp;which state that "Genealogists believe that testers have an inalienable right to their own DNA test results and raw data, even if someone other than the tester purchased the DNA test."<br /><br />I don't know what motivated this change but it seems likely that AncestryDNA were influenced by the forthcoming&nbsp;<a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-40441434">General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)</a> which will apply throughout the European Union and also in the UK from 25th May 2018 onwards. For further details on the new data protection laws see the leaflet from the Information Commissioner's Office on <a href="https://ico.org.uk/media/1624219/preparing-for-the-gdpr-12-steps.pdf">Preparing for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): 12 Steps to Take Now</a>.<br /><br />A key tenet of data protection legislation is that the individual has right of access to his or her own data. By ensuring that each person has their own AncestryDNA account it will be much easier to ensure that this happens. Although Ancestry is not required to comply with European legislation for customers outside Europe it seems sensible to provide their international customers with the same levels of data protection as their European customers.<br /><br /><b>Further reading</b><br /><br /><ul><li>Leah Larkin has put together a very helpful blog post entitled&nbsp;<a href="http://thednageek.com/reality-check-changes-at-ancestrydna/">Reality check - impending changes at AncestryDNA</a>. She answers all the questions that have arisen as a result of this impending change. Do have a read.</li><li>See also the blog post from Diahan Southard <a href="https://lisalouisecooke.com/2017/07/ancestrydna-privacy-policy/">AncestryDNA's Privacy Policy - why it's a good thing</a></li></ul><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/X5SZD55bp3U" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com16http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/07/an-update-to-ancestrydna-kit-management.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-50345067589210996112017-07-11T15:59:00.001+01:002017-07-11T15:59:49.800+01:00Parent and child comparisons at AncestryDNAI've now had both my parents tested at AncestryDNA and their results have recently come in. By testing my parents I will be able to assign matches to paternal and maternal sides. My parents will potentially match people who are not on my own match list and they will have more robust matches than I do with more distant matches. I thought it would be a useful exercise to take stock of our matches, admixture reports and genetic communities to serve as a baseline for future comparisons.<br /><br /><b>DNA results and matches pages</b><br />Here is my dad's results page. He currently has 54 fourth cousins or closer, and 157 pages of matches making a total of 7850 matches. He has three shared ancestor hints, no DNA Circles and no New Ancestor Discoveries.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2_AmW0Lp0xk/WWS7gnPWiTI/AAAAAAAAEMk/4zrDXBzr-KwqHe1pUK7R4R0uuS9MwuaZQCLcBGAs/s1600/Dad%2527s%2Bresults%2Bpage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="579" data-original-width="1190" height="310" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2_AmW0Lp0xk/WWS7gnPWiTI/AAAAAAAAEMk/4zrDXBzr-KwqHe1pUK7R4R0uuS9MwuaZQCLcBGAs/s640/Dad%2527s%2Bresults%2Bpage.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Here is my mum's results page. She currently has 116 fourth cousins or closer, and 212 pages of matches making a total of 10600 matches. She has no shared ancestor hints, no DNA Circles and no New Ancestor Discoveries.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uC06QeLtLJE/WWS8WPJunzI/AAAAAAAAEMs/Q4E4azV87JIIND4sWJ0-xvjTOTrRd_RVwCLcBGAs/s1600/Mum%2527s%2BDNA%2Bresults.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="571" data-original-width="1193" height="306" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-uC06QeLtLJE/WWS8WPJunzI/AAAAAAAAEMs/Q4E4azV87JIIND4sWJ0-xvjTOTrRd_RVwCLcBGAs/s640/Mum%2527s%2BDNA%2Bresults.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Here is my results page. I currently have 66 fourth cousins or closer and 193 pages of matches (9650 matches). I have two shared ancestor hints, no DNA Circles and no New Ancestor Discoveries.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dnIVbuUYiUk/WWS9DfnWt6I/AAAAAAAAEMw/DtJOKpJAuj0Clkvs11KeS6hECYlqRYyXACLcBGAs/s1600/Debbie%2527s%2Bresults%2Bpage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="588" data-original-width="1210" height="310" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-dnIVbuUYiUk/WWS9DfnWt6I/AAAAAAAAEMw/DtJOKpJAuj0Clkvs11KeS6hECYlqRYyXACLcBGAs/s640/Debbie%2527s%2Bresults%2Bpage.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />Note that the shared hints shown above do not include shaky leaf hints for the parent/child relationships. When I first checked the results hints were provided but the relationships were shown as aunt/uncle and nephew/niece rather than parent/child. I presume this was a bug as these hints have now disappeared.<br /><br />As a result of testing my parents I've now gained one new shaky leaf hint. This is a predicted 5th to 8th cousin who shares a single segment of 11 centimorgans with my dad. According to the family trees they are third cousins twice removed and their common ancestors are William Cruwys (1793-1846) and Margaret Eastmond (1792-1874) who married in 1814 in Rose Ash, Devon. One of their sons emigrated to Prince Edward Island in Canada and this match is a descendant of this PEI family. Fortunately she has provided a detailed family tree, but I shall also look forward to corresponding with her and comparing notes. Interestingly this lady does not appear in my own match list so it looks as though I have not inherited this single segment from my dad.<br /><br />I now also have a new filter on my match page<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-V8OMxl2LPls/WWTCo-fEXJI/AAAAAAAAENA/gFuQ60_f5XoCE6x_8enAgS5rarlN0pS0wCLcBGAs/s1600/Mum%2Band%2Bdad%2Bfilters.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="197" data-original-width="1261" height="98" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-V8OMxl2LPls/WWTCo-fEXJI/AAAAAAAAENA/gFuQ60_f5XoCE6x_8enAgS5rarlN0pS0wCLcBGAs/s640/Mum%2Band%2Bdad%2Bfilters.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br />This filter allows me to see at a glance which matches I share with my mum and which matches I share with my dad. However, the list is restricted to those matches which are fourth cousins or closer. I can understand the restriction on shared matches for cousin relationships but it would be useful if AncestryDNA would let us sort our entire match list by paternal and maternal matches.<br /><br /><b>Comparing admixture percentages</b><br />Now let's have a look at the admixture results in more detail. AncestryDNA call this report an "Ethnicity Estimate" though strictly speaking ethnicity is self-determined and has no bearing on our genetic ancestry. AncestryDNA say that the admixture reports reflect our ancestry from "thousands of years ago". I cannot trace our family tree back thousands of years but here are the details of my dad's recent genealogical ancestry:<br /><ul><li>Four grandparents born in England: Bristol, Gloucestershire, London (x2).</li><li>Eight great-grandparents born in England: Bristol (x2), Devon, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hertfordshire, London (x2).</li><li>Fifteen great-great grandparents born in England: Devon (x2), Bristol, Essex, Gloucestershire, Hertfordshire (x 2), London. One great-great grandparent born in Scotland (location not known). The birthplace of seven of his English great-great-grandparents is unknown. Four were probably born in Bristol or in a nearby county. Three were Londoners who could have moved to London from anywhere in England.&nbsp;</li></ul>Here is my dad's Ethnicity Estimate.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lQ3LcbW_qpg/WWTFRJJMbHI/AAAAAAAAENI/FOMjEL_is5o-qNeTWooHlSc6vt2TOl6TQCLcBGAs/s1600/Dad%2527s%2Bethnicity%2Bresults.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="449" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lQ3LcbW_qpg/WWTFRJJMbHI/AAAAAAAAENI/FOMjEL_is5o-qNeTWooHlSc6vt2TOl6TQCLcBGAs/s400/Dad%2527s%2Bethnicity%2Bresults.jpg" width="325" /></a></div><br />Here are the details of my mum's genealogical ancestry: <br /><ul><li>Four grandparents born in England: London (x2), Hampshire (x2).</li><li>Eight great-grandparents born in England: Berkshire, Hampshire, London (x3), Somerset, Wiltshire. The birthplace of one great-grandparent is not known but he was probably born in London.</li><li>Fifteen great-great-grandparents born in England: Bedfordshire, Berkshire (x2), Gloucestershire, Hampshire (x2), Hertfordshire, London (x2), Somerset (x2), Wiltshire.</li><li>One great-great-grandparent born in Ireland: County Kerry. The birthplace of three of her English great-great-grandparents is unknown. One was probably born in Hampshire. The other two were probably Londoners who could have come from anywhere in the country.</li></ul>Here is my mum's Ethnicity Estimate.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Y0NhoqL2cuc/WWTFpD9xQCI/AAAAAAAAENM/Fy6c5_mF9uUi-fotTcWj-EDqpqdC2ocBgCLcBGAs/s1600/Mum%2527s%2Bethnicity%2Bresults.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="524" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Y0NhoqL2cuc/WWTFpD9xQCI/AAAAAAAAENM/Fy6c5_mF9uUi-fotTcWj-EDqpqdC2ocBgCLcBGAs/s400/Mum%2527s%2Bethnicity%2Bresults.jpg" width="382" /></a></div>Here is my own Ethnicity Estimate.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-THV0Y3xquoA/WWTGIxU0byI/AAAAAAAAENQ/BGItNY6dFFIBrbP4jZEfo0BE1XPSbvHTgCLcBGAs/s1600/Debbie%2527s%2Bethnicities.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="527" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-THV0Y3xquoA/WWTGIxU0byI/AAAAAAAAENQ/BGItNY6dFFIBrbP4jZEfo0BE1XPSbvHTgCLcBGAs/s400/Debbie%2527s%2Bethnicities.jpg" width="380" /></a></div><br />As can be seen, there is a wide variation in the results and there is little correlation between the admixture percentages and our known genealogical ancestry. Admixture results can sometimes provide useful insights but the results should not be taken too literally. It's also worth remembering that, although the percentages have been given labels based on modern nation states, the regions which these labels cover extend well beyond the present-day national boundaries, as can be seen from my ancestry map below. The Irish component actually extends over much of the United Kingdom. The Great Britain component overlaps with Ireland and extends into northern Europe. The Europe West component extends into southern and eastern England.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZoLpawb3lI4/WWTHClTf3zI/AAAAAAAAENY/jofASMZs8jg0iUxNpFJiUeEIX7ff92xqwCLcBGAs/s1600/Debbie%2527s%2Bancestry%2Bmap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="657" data-original-width="1175" height="356" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZoLpawb3lI4/WWTHClTf3zI/AAAAAAAAENY/jofASMZs8jg0iUxNpFJiUeEIX7ff92xqwCLcBGAs/s640/Debbie%2527s%2Bancestry%2Bmap.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><b>Genetic communities</b><br /><a href="https://cruwys.blogspot.co.uk/2017/03/ancestrydnas-new-genetic-communities.html">Genetic communitie</a>s provide information about our genetic ancestry within the last few hundred years. They are also a useful way of filtering your matches so that you can focus on the matches who have family trees from the same country and the same locations as you where you stand the greatest chance of identifying a genealogical connection. I'm currently in one genetic community for the Southern English. The confidence level is 95%. I have 63 matches amongst the 204,681 AncestryDNA members in this community.<br /><br />My mum and dad both have two communities: Southern English and The Welsh &amp; English West Midlanders. In both cases the confidence level for the Southern English community is 95% and the confidence level for the Welsh community is 20%.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GFFwFtORMFI/WWTTDWjhSNI/AAAAAAAAENs/dd44-BOnkxova00lK6A-Tx1roLK0UhPdQCLcBGAs/s1600/Dad%2527s%2Bgenetic%2Bcommunities.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="341" height="266" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GFFwFtORMFI/WWTTDWjhSNI/AAAAAAAAENs/dd44-BOnkxova00lK6A-Tx1roLK0UhPdQCLcBGAs/s400/Dad%2527s%2Bgenetic%2Bcommunities.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />My dad has 45 matches in the Southern English community and nine matches amongst the 58,768 Ancestry DNA members who are in the Welsh &amp; English West Midlanders community.<br /><br />My mum has 77 matches in the Southern English community and 14 matches in the Welsh &amp; English West Midlanders community<br /><br />Neither my mum nor my dad have any known ancestry from Wales or the West Midlands. However, on looking at the map of this community, you can see that it covers a wider area and actually extends into Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Oxfordshire and North Somerset where we do have known ancestry.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Jvqv_MQMHbc/WWTdLgxzi-I/AAAAAAAAEN8/t4pUEeBwWbw7oe2S03yYr-vf5PC7oE6kgCLcBGAs/s1600/Welsh%2Bcommunity.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="638" data-original-width="1214" height="336" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Jvqv_MQMHbc/WWTdLgxzi-I/AAAAAAAAEN8/t4pUEeBwWbw7oe2S03yYr-vf5PC7oE6kgCLcBGAs/s640/Welsh%2Bcommunity.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><b>Conclusion</b><br />I now have a lot of new matches to work with, and it's going to be a great help having my parents' results available for comparison. With autosomal DNA it always helps to test as many close relatives as possible. If you can't test your parents you should try and test aunts and uncles, siblings and cousins to get the best possible representation of the DNA of all your ancestors.<img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/8stW5aG4SEQ" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com2http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/07/parent-and-child-comparisons-at.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-43878509269314270302017-06-03T23:26:00.003+01:002017-06-03T23:26:46.294+01:00Southern California Genealogical Society Jamboree and DNA Day<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">On Tuesday next week I'm heading off to the US. I've been invited to speak at the <a href="http://genealogyjamboree.com/">Southern California Genealogical Society's annual Jamboree and DNA Day</a> which this year includes a British research theme. I will be giving four presentations and participating in the DNA panel session.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">I'm looking forward to meeting some of my genetic genealogy and geneablogging friends who I have previously only known through Facebook groups and mailing lists. I'm also looking forward to meeting some of my US friends from the <a href="http://one-name.org/">Guild of One-Name Studies</a>.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Here are the details of my sessions.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><o:p><br /></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span id="goog_280928377"></span>Thursday 8th June<span id="goog_280928378"></span><o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>12.30-1.45 pm<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>TH016 DNA Luncheon - The DNA of the British Isles</b><br />Britain and Ireland have been in continuous occupation since 12,000 years ago when hunter gatherers arrived. Agriculture began at the start of the Neolithic (4,000 BC). The country has been invaded by Romans, Angles, Saxons, Picts, Danes, Vikings and Normans. What can DNA testing tell us about the people of these islands? Pioneering research projects are starting to provide some answers. Levels: Beg., Int., Adv.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Friday 9th June<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>2.30-3.30 pm<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>FR016 The Joy of Surnames</b><br />Each surname has its own story to tell. This lecture provides an overview of the history and distribution of surnames with a focus on surnames originating in the British Isles. The one-name study approach can provide breakthroughs that would not be possible by restricting research to your own family tree. Become a worldwide expert on your chosen surname. Level: Beg., Int., Adv.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Friday 9th June<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>5.30-6.30 pm<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>FR028 DNA and Genealogy: Experts Discuss Latest Developments</b><br />DNA testing experts will discuss the connection between DNA testing and genealogy, what tests are available, and which companies provide which tests. Advances being made in the field of Genetic Genealogy will be examined. Audience questions will be answered in the second half of the program.<br />Level: Beg., Int., Adv. Moderator: Alice M. Fairhurst, MS, Panelists: Angie Bush, MS; David R. Dowell, PhD; Debbie A. Kennett; Drew Smith, MLS; Diahan Southard</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Saturday 10th June<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>8:30 a.m. - 9:30 a.m.<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>SA004 Census, Parish, and Other Records in the UK</b><br />Explore the key name-rich records from parish registers to protestation returns that will supercharge your British research. Level: Beg, Int. Adv.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>Saturday 10th June<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>3.30-4.30 pm 10th June<o:p></o:p></b></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b>SA039 Crossing the Pond with Your Surname DNA Project</b><br />A successful surname DNA project adopts a global approach to recruitment but with a primary focus on the country of origin. The approach of whole surname reconstruction is particularly effective for surnames from England and Wales due to the availability of centralised records from which to reconstruct family trees. This helps identify suitable candidates for DNA testing. Level: Beg., Int.,&nbsp;Adv.<br /><br />You can see the full programme on the <a href="http://genealogyjamboree.com/">SCGS website</a>. <br /><br /> If you read my blog and will be going to the conference do come and say hello.</div><br /><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HeyLDTJ1xZ4/WTMzsAHK0rI/AAAAAAAADIA/m8sDptZp0uY5r0FHeymUyi3jxDU6E12sgCLcB/s1600/DNA%2BDay%2B2017.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="230" data-original-width="184" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HeyLDTJ1xZ4/WTMzsAHK0rI/AAAAAAAADIA/m8sDptZp0uY5r0FHeymUyi3jxDU6E12sgCLcB/s320/DNA%2BDay%2B2017.jpg" width="256" /></a><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/Z1Et48qOUKM" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com0http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/06/southern-california-genealogical.htmltag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7238849140976286627.post-35121177344645387552017-05-30T13:14:00.001+01:002017-05-30T13:16:50.950+01:00Updated MyHeritage Ethnicity Estimates are now available for all users<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OjDafUSKW9g/WS1hyiLqKiI/AAAAAAAADHo/roPTs9-y3WIxN-7zOpZbCSMkOeS7BCbOgCLcB/s1600/MyHeritage%2BDNA%2Bregions.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1128" data-original-width="1504" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OjDafUSKW9g/WS1hyiLqKiI/AAAAAAAADHo/roPTs9-y3WIxN-7zOpZbCSMkOeS7BCbOgCLcB/s640/MyHeritage%2BDNA%2Bregions.jpg" width="640" /></a><br /><br />MyHeritage have now launched their updated Ethnicity Estimates. The reports are based on a new analysis covering 42 geographical regions, some of which are exclusive to MyHeritage. The new reports are available to all customers, including those who took advantage of the free transfer from other testing companies. The ethnicity reports will be available free to new users who upload their results in the "coming months". <br /><br />There is an option to play a personalised video of your "Ethnicity Estimate Experience" complete with original music. You can see an example here.<br /><br />&nbsp; <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="340" mozallowfullscreen="" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/218348730" webkitallowfullscreen="" width="640"></iframe><br /><br />Here are my results from MyHeritageDNA.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NxOsBEsFm3s/WS1dkEqQGgI/AAAAAAAADHU/UE71GPbl-WQFz2u45f5Nj3r6cMi7ugYgACLcB/s1600/MyHeritage%2Bno%2Btree.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="715" data-original-width="1249" height="366" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-NxOsBEsFm3s/WS1dkEqQGgI/AAAAAAAADHU/UE71GPbl-WQFz2u45f5Nj3r6cMi7ugYgACLcB/s640/MyHeritage%2Bno%2Btree.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>You can zoom in and see your results in more detail. There is also a useful option to overlay the locations shown on your family tree onto your map.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jweXz6Y8hLE/WS1ePYoQOBI/AAAAAAAADHc/iT9ysyaP3LUaH3kIUcQqTRNVWov2Z-dmgCLcB/s1600/My%2BHeritage%2Bwith%2Btree.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="725" data-original-width="1600" height="288" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jweXz6Y8hLE/WS1ePYoQOBI/AAAAAAAADHc/iT9ysyaP3LUaH3kIUcQqTRNVWov2Z-dmgCLcB/s640/My%2BHeritage%2Bwith%2Btree.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />The results for Northwestern Europe correlate reasonably well with my known genealogy but I have no recent Italian ancestry.<br /><br />Below is the press release I received from MyHeritage. <br /><blockquote><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">MyHeritage Launches New Comprehensive DNA Ethnicity Analysis</span></b>&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote><i>MyHeritage DNA’s new Ethnicity Estimate covers 42 different ethnic regions, more than any other major DNA company; and is uniquely provided for free to those who upload their DNA data from other services</i></blockquote><blockquote>TEL AVIV, Israel &amp; LEHI, Utah, May 30, 2017 - MyHeritage, the leading global destination for family history and DNA testing, and the makers of the successful MyHeritage DNA product, today announced the launch of its new and improved Ethnicity Estimate. The new analysis, developed by the company’s science team, provides MyHeritage DNA customers with a percentage-based estimate of their ethnic origins covering 42 ethnic regions, many available only on MyHeritage, representing the most comprehensive report of its type available on the market. This fascinating report gives users a much better understanding of who they are and where their ancestors came from. The Ethnicity Estimate is presented in an original and engaging format, making it not only interesting but also fun to watch and share.<br /><br />MyHeritage is unique among the main industry players in allowing users who have tested their DNA already with another service to upload - for free - their data to MyHeritage. Those users receive DNA Matches for free, for finding relatives based on shared DNA. Beginning this week, users who have already uploaded their DNA data to MyHeritage, or who will upload it in the coming months, will receive - for free - the new Ethnicity Estimate. This benefit is not offered by any other major DNA company.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote>Development of the new Ethnicity Estimate raises the number of ethnic regions covered by MyHeritage DNA from 36 to 42. It was made possible thanks to MyHeritage’s Founder Populations project — one of the largest of its kind ever conducted. For this unique project, more than 5,000 participants were handpicked by MyHeritage from its 90 million strong user base, by virtue of their family trees exemplifying consistent ancestry from the same region or ethnicity for many generations. All project participants received complimentary DNA tests and allowed MyHeritage’s science team to develop breakthrough ethnicity models based on the generated data. Thanks to this analysis, MyHeritage DNA has become the only mass-market percentage-based DNA test that reveals ethnicities such as Balkan; Baltic; Eskimo &amp; Inuit; Japanese; Kenyan; Sierra Leonean; Somali; four major Jewish groups - Ethiopian, Yemenite, Sephardic from North Africa and Mizrahi from Iran and Iraq; Indigenous Amazonian; Papuan and many others. In some cases, competing products can identify and report an aggregated region (e.g., Italian &amp; Greek), whereas MyHeritage has better resolution and identifies Greek, Italian and Sardinian ethnicities separately.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote>MyHeritage’s new Ethnicity Estimate is delivered to users via a captivating “reveal” experience (<a href="http://openwebpage.online/28595bf58741164ad2b7e1afebd808aa/be329be57a31271aa4169f790bf92282/41cf8be57a456dcf454b9ece3c41a1e8.html">view example</a>). It features animation and, as of this week, also original music composed by MyHeritage. Each of the 42 ethnicities has a distinctive tune, based on the region’s cultural elements; all tunes seamlessly connect to each other. This makes the report fun to watch and share over social media.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote>MyHeritage DNA user Tiffany Bowden said “I'm very happy, and very proud to discover where I come from, and through my MyHeritage DNA ethnicity results, now I have the background which helps me understand who I am as a person.”&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote>“DNA is the future of the family history industry and we’re delighted to enter the DNA space with strong energies and a fresh perspective”, said Gilad Japhet, Founder and CEO of MyHeritage. “Leveraging MyHeritage's top assets which are its talented, technology-focused engineering team, and the gigantic internationally diverse web of family trees encompassing more than 2.5 billion profiles entered by our users, our comprehensive new Ethnicity Estimate has Innovation written all over it. We’ve been able to dig deeper where others had considered their work complete. Presented in a fresh look and generously given for free to DNA data uploaders, our users will be thrilled and can count on us to continue to innovate in DNA and delight them with new discoveries about who they really are.”&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote>Dr. Yaniv Erlich, Chief Science Officer at MyHeritage, said, “For MyHeritage's science team, this major update of our Ethnicity Estimate is only an appetizer. There are excellent installments on the way, and users can prepare for a feast! We have detailed plans to increase accuracy, extend our Founder Populations project further, and improve the resolution for ethnicities of great interest to our users from highly diverse origins. Our goal is to use science to further the public good, and to bring the best innovations of our science team to the public.”&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote>The MyHeritage DNA test consists of a simple cheek swab and takes less than two minutes to complete, with no need for blood or saliva. The sample is then mailed to MyHeritage DNA’s lab for analysis and the user is invited to view the results on the MyHeritage website, approximately four weeks later.&nbsp;</blockquote><blockquote>MyHeritage strengthened its position as the leader in global family history, when it launched the MyHeritage DNA kits in November 2016, which have rapidly become hugely popular ever since. The company’s mammoth user base of 90 million users worldwide, more than 7.7 billion historical records, massive user-generated family tree database and availability in 42 languages, all provide a robust foundation for MyHeritage DNA. The company’s DNA offering currently provides two main features: detailed ethnicity reports that reveal the user’s ethnic and geographic origins, and DNA Matches for finding relatives based on shared DNA. In recent months, people have been successfully using MyHeritage DNA to reunite with long-lost family members.</blockquote><img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Cruwysnews/~4/vOIqx7S-yF8" height="1" width="1" alt=""/>Debbie Kennetthttps://plus.google.com/104478311569369783202noreply@blogger.com2http://cruwys.blogspot.com/2017/05/updated-myheritage-ethnicity-estimates.html