..Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately...

..Obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction that may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. We studied whether weight reduction improves endothelial function in overweight individuals...

Tackling obesity in men -- preliminary evaluation of men-only groups within a commercial slimming organization

..In 2002, Slimming World set a target to raise the awareness among men about the dangers of being overweight and made practical weight-management solutions more accessible through a national network of men's groups...

The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucose-stimulated insulin response to exercise training and diet in obesity

..Each year millions of Americans enroll in commercial and self-help weight loss programs. Health care providers and their obese patients know little about these programs because of the absence of systematic reviews...

Four worksite weight loss programs with high-stress occupations using a meal replacement product

C WinickDepartment of Sociology, City University of New York Graduate School, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USAOccup Med (Lond) 52:25-30. 2002

..Men lost significantly more weight than women (p < 0.006). We conclude that employees in some high-stress settings may participate productively in worksite weight reduction and maintenance programs that use meal replacements...

A qualitative investigation of individuals' experiences and expectations before and after completing a trial of commercial weight loss programmes

..To investigate the previous dieting experiences and expectations of individuals enrolled in a randomized trial of four commercial weight loss programmes and post-intervention to compare experiences across the diet groups...

..Meal replacements for weight loss are available in the community; however, their efficacy in the longer term is not clear. This review summarizes recent evidence on the use of meal replacements as a weight loss strategy...

The effect of metformin and intensive lifestyle intervention on the metabolic syndrome: the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized trial

..Low-carbohydrate diets have been popularized without detailed evidence of their efficacy or safety. The literature has no clear consensus as to what amount of carbohydrates per day constitutes a low-carbohydrate diet...

..There may be a threshold effect of weight loss/energy restriction required to alter HPA axis function, or moderate weight loss may lead to a counterbalanced effect of stimulatory and inhibitory influences on HPA axis function...

..This study suggests that several years of successful weight maintenance increase the probability of future weight maintenance and that weight regain is due at least in part to failure to maintain behavior changes...

..National Weight Control Registry members provide evidence that long-term weight loss maintenance is possible and help identify the specific approaches associated with long-term success...

What interventions should we add to weight reducing diets in adults with obesity? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of adding drug therapy, exercise, behaviour therapy or combinations of these interventions

..This longitudinal, clinical intervention study was designed to investigate whether pulmonary departments can set up a cost-effective weight and lifestyle programme as primary treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS)...

Effect of orlistat on cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults

B A SwinburnDepartment of Community Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandDiabetes Obes Metab 7:254-62. 2005

..placebo on the predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in obese people with one or more cardiovascular risk factors treated for 12 months, in conjunction with a fat-reduced, but otherwise ad libitum, diet...

A comparison of meal replacements and medication in weight maintenance after weight loss

..The effects that prolonged CR has on subjective aspects of appetite have not been well studied. Thus, the present study tested the effect of 6 months of caloric restriction on appetite in healthy, overweight men and women...

..We advocate the adoption of a health-at-every-size (HAES) approach to weight management, focusing on the achievement and maintenance of lifestyle changes that improve metabolic indicators of health...

..A percentage of members achieve dramatic and lasting weight losses. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of binge eating and unhealthy eating-related thought patterns among a group of highly successful weight losers...

..To assess the effectiveness of weight-loss and weight-control interventions for adults with pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance), an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes...

..On the basis of a review of the current literature and recommendations, the American College of Preventive Medicine presents a practice policy statement on weight management counseling of overweight adults...

..05). Thus, the weight loss-associated improvements in both insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function may explain the beneficial effects of a lifestyle intervention on delaying the development of diabetes in older subjects...

Is dieting advice from magazines helpful or harmful? Five-year associations with weight-control behaviors and psychological outcomes in adolescents

Patricia van den BergDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second St, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USAPediatrics 119:e30-7. 2007

..The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between frequent reading of magazine articles about dieting/weight loss and weight-control behaviors and psychological outcomes 5 years later in a sample of adolescents...

A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women

..Based on these data, a very low carbohydrate diet is more effective than a low fat diet for short-term weight loss and, over 6 months, is not associated with deleterious effects on important cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women...

..The incidence of type 2 diabetes increases markedly for obese children after puberty. However, the effect of dietary composition on body weight and diabetes risk factors has not been studied in adolescents...

..This study was designed to compare measured and predicted thoracic gas volume (V (TG)) after weight loss and to analyze the effect of body composition confounders such as waist circumference (WC) on measured V (TG) changes...

Effect of meal replacement on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese subjects

Michael RosenbaumColumbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USAJ Clin Invest 115:3579-86. 2005

..These responses suggest that the weight-reduced state may be regarded as a condition of relative leptin insufficiency. Prevention of weight regain might be achievable by strategies relevant to reversing this leptin-insufficient state...

..Along with published practice guidelines, the currently available information provides guidance for oncology nurses on the methods that can impact unhealthy weight conditions associated with breast cancer...

Use of [14C]-sodium bicarbonate/urea to measure total energy expenditure in overweight men and women before and after low calorie diet induced weight loss

Research Grants63

..with the outcome of both interventions and can contribute to personalized care for hypertension by predicting patients most likely to effectively control their blood pressure by adopting salt-reducing diet and taking thiazide diuretics.

..The proposed study and mentoring strategies will be placed in the context of an area of NINR emphasis - promoting health and preventing disease as it addresses a highly prevalent chronic disorder - overweight and obesity. ..

..Thus, the proposed study should be the definitive test of this new promising eating disorder prevention program and should significantly advance our knowledge regarding the prevention of this pervasive psychiatric problem. ..

..Thus, the proposed project should provide a rigorous evaluation of this promising brief prevention program and should advance knowledge regarding the prevention of this pernicious psychiatric problem. [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..This study could make intensive weight loss the standard-of- care for overweight and obese adults with knee OA, as it enhances our understanding of the OA disease process and weight-loss recommendations for older people generally. ..

..The adults with the metabolic syndrome selected for this study are those that are at increased risk of heart disease, and those most likely to be benefit from the different therapies tested. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..It also addresses important issues of cost and population outreach, and would provide a basis for determining whether such weight management systems are economically viable for primary health care providers. ..

..The comprehensive approach taken in this study will provide important evidence for both the public and for health professionals as to whether fresh garlic or garlic supplements have beneficial effects on serum lipids. ..

..By promoting interagency collaborations, these efforts will help the NIH develop a roadmap on how to effectively translate research findings into national, state, and local health policy. [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..Conversely, if only unintentional weight loss is associated with increased risk, then the current recommendations for overweight people to lose weight or at least not gain weight would be appropriate. ..

..The results of this investigation will significantly impact public health policy related to obesity prevention in rural communities, minority communities, and in children from families that are economically disadvantaged. ..