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That he which hath no stomach to this fight, let him depart … We few, we happy few, we band of brothers.
— William Shakespeare, Henry V

There’s been a lot written about the individual characteristics of what makes a great founder, but a lot less about what makes a great founding team and how that’s different from a great founding CEO.

I think we’ve been imprecise in defining three different roles. In doing so we’ve failed to help founders understand what it takes to build a great founding team.

Here are my definitions.

Founders: the idea

A founder is the one with the original idea, scientific discovery, technical breakthrough, insight, problem description, passion, etc. A founder typically recruits co-founders and then becomes part of the founding team involved in day-to-day company operations.

However, in some industries such as life sciences, founders may be tenured professors who are not going to give up their faculty positions, so they often become the head of a startup’s scientific advisory board but aren’t part of the founding team.

A couple of caveats about founders with ideas: It’s important to differentiate between ideas that have been or can be patented and ideas thought up late night in a dorm room. One of the hardest concepts for my students to grasp is that an idea is not a company.

The reality is that in most cases, without the company to commercialize it, the idea is worthless (except to a patent troll.)

Even if they become part of the founding team, it’s not a given that the founder, having come up with the idea, has a guaranteed leadership role (CEO or VP) in the new company. For some entrepreneurs, this idea that the founder is not necessarily the CEO is a surprise.

When I hear, “What do you mean I’m not CEO? It’s my idea!” I get nervous that the founder is clueless about what makes the founding CEO special and what else it actually takes to build a company. (Read on to see the difference in the roles.)

Founding Team: the rock on which to build the company

The founding team includes the founder and a few other co-founders with complementary skills to the founder’s.

This is the group who will build the company. Its goal is to take the original idea and search for a repeatable and scalable business model, first by finding product/market fit, then by testing all the parts of the business model (pricing, channel, acquisition/activation, partners, costs, etc.)

In web/mobile startups, the canonical view is the founding team consists of a hacker, a hustler, and a designer. In other domains, the skill sets differ, but the key idea is that you want a team with complementary skills.

There’s no magic number about the “right” number of founders for a founding team, but two to four seems to be the sweet spot. One of the biggest mistakes in assembling a founding team is not thinking through the need for skills but instead settling for who’s around. The two tests of whether someone belongs on a founding team are: “Do we have a company without them?” and “Can we find someone else just like them?” If both answers are no, you’ve identified a co-founder. If any of the answers are yes, then hire them a bit later as an early employee.

Key attributes of an entrepreneur on a founding team are passion, determination, resilience, tenacity, agility, and curiosity. It helps if the team has had a history of working together, but what is essential is mutual respect. And what is critical is trust. You need to be able to trust your co-founders to perform, to do what they say they will, and to have your back.

Most startups that fail over team issues fail because co-founders hadn’t “dated” first, (spent time together in a Startup Weekend, worked together in an incubator, etc.) but instead jumped into bed to start a company.

Everyone has ideas. It’s the courage, passion, and tenacity of the founding team that turn ideas into businesses.

Founding CEO: comfort in chaos

Idealistic founders trying to run a venture with collective leadership without a single person in charge find that’s the fastest way to go out of business.

Speed, tempo, and fearless decision-making are a startups strategic advantage. More often than not, conditions on the ground will change so rapidly that the need for immediate decisions overwhelms a collective decision process.

The founding team CEO is the first among equals in the founding team. Ironically, she is almost never the most intelligent or technically astute person on the team. What sets her apart from the rest of the team is that she can project a fearless reality distortion field that she uses to recruit, fundraise, pivot, and position the company.

These CEOs are the ultimate true believers in the company and have the vision, passion, and skill to communicate why this seemingly crazy idea will work and change the world.

In addition, the founding CEO thrives operating in chaos and uncertainty. They deal with the daily crisis of product development and acquiring early customers. And as the reality of product development and customer input collide, the facts change so rapidly that the original well thought-out product plan becomes irrelevant.

While the rest of the team is focused on their specific jobs, the founding CEO is trying to solve a complicated equation where almost all the variables are unknown: unknown customers, unknown features that will make those customers buy, unknown pricing, unknown demand creation activities that will get them into your sales channel, etc.

They’re biased for action, and they don’t wait around for someone else to tell them what to do. Great founding CEO’s live for these moments.

Figure out who you are

Many founding teams fail because they’ve never had the conversation about founder, founding team, and founding CEO. Spend the time and take stock of who’s on the journey with you.

Lessons learned

Founder, founding team, founding CEO all have word “founder” in them but have different roles.

The founder has the initial idea. He may or may not be on the founding team or have a leadership role.

The founding team have complementary skills and build the company

The founding CEO creates a reality distortion field and finds comfort in chaos while leading the company.