Purpose Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common medical problem in newborn infants. Early discharge is recommended but hospital readmission is a cause of concern among clinicians ,and early discharge of neonates is recommended. This inturn carries a risk of delayed recognition of significant hyperbilirubinemia.A cross-sectional analytical study was done primarily to evaluate the predictive value of cord bilirubin level for identifying term and near term neonates for subsequent hyperbilirubinemia.

Materials & Methods Cord bilirubin levels at birth and subsequently serum bilirubin levels at 72 hours were assessed in 100 neonates. The cut off value was estimated beyond which there was significant hyperbilirubinemia.

Result The cut off value of cord bilirubin >2.02 mg/dl had sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 70.8% respectively with positive predictive value of 0.39 and negative predictive value of 0.965 for subsequent hyperbilirubinemia.

Conclusion The cut-off value of cord bilirubin level estimated is 2.02 mg/dl can be used to predict significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Leukodystrophies are white matter disorders that are genetic in nature. In the young, they represent an important cause of progressive neurological disability. They are frequently diagnosed on MRI, but their identification remains a challenge. Their diagnosis is important for palliative and experimental treatment, as well as family screening.We report a case of 14 yr old male child who presented to us with fever and status epilepticus.MRI revealed leukodystrophy.Patient’s family opted for palliative and home based care once the natural history and prognosis was explained to them.At the time of dicharge patients seizures were controlled with phenytoin,phenobarbitone, sodium valproate and midazolam.

Cysticercosis is a parasitic disease caused by the infestation with the larval stage of parasite – Tenia Solium via feaco-oral route as mode of transmission. Neurocysticercosis is the CNS manifestation, commonly presents with focal seizures. MRI is the diagnostic study, providing most information about cyst location, viability and associated inflammation. Here we present a case of cysticercal Encephalitis with starry sky appearance seen on MRI.

The pathogenesis of Zika virus infection is not well known and the effects on the structure of the placental villi require to be investigated. Is our proposal to describe the histopathological changes that occur in the placental villi provoked by Zika virus. The pacient of 38 years old was infected during the third trimester of pregnancy a week before parturition manifesting symptoms of infection by Zika. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used. Numerous stem villi are suffering degenerative changes with collapsed vessels. A conglomerate of syncytial knots and degenerated peripheric surface can be seen. Immature intermediate villi suffers fibrinoid deposition with macrophagues together in Hoffbauer channels. Necrosis of the syncytium and stromal fibrosis were noted on the placental villi. Koylocytic cell,destroyed villi,damage in the wall of vessels and mature intermediate villi with scarcity of terminal villi were found. Bad development of the ramifications of the placental villi and regions of lysis in stromal region were located. Thrombus and edema could not be seen. The placental villous tree has been found suffering severe degenerative changes and bad development indicating a destructive effect on the structure of the placenta that could to explain the cytopathic effect provoked by zika virus.

HRV analysis plays significant role in preclinical assessment of performance of cardiac performance in case of diabetic subjects. Nonlinear and linear HRV indices are computed for diabetic and control group. The results are found to be consistent with the literature survey. Linear and nonlinear HRV indices are correlated with each other. It can be concluded that nonlinear HRV indices can be used as early markers for cardiac performance deterioration

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Odds ratio is one measure used in epidemiological to study the association between the exposure and the corresponding disease. In a case control study is conducted to examine the relationship between smoking habit and Lung cancer. In this study we work on mismeasurement method. The Mismeasurement can be separated into two types, namely non-differential and differential mismeasurement. Misclassification of exposure variables in epidemiologic studies may lead to biased estimation of parameters and loss of power in statistical inferences. Simple estimates for predictive values when misclassification is nondifferential are presented. Using them, we estimated the corrected log odds ratio. In this we have to find the effects of non-differential misclassification when 5% of smokers are misclassified as nonsmokers and 8% of non smokers are misclassified as smokers and also we are study the effects of differential misclassification when 20% of smoking and non smoking cases, but not controls, are misclassified as nonsmokers and smokers.

Purpose Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common medical problem in newborn infants. Early discharge is recommended but hospital readmission is a cause of concern among clinicians ,and early discharge of neonates is recommended. This inturn carries a risk of delayed recognition of significant hyperbilirubinemia.A cross-sectional analytical study was done primarily to evaluate the predictive value of cord bilirubin level for identifying term and near term neonates for subsequent hyperbilirubinemia.

Materials & Methods Cord bilirubin levels at birth and subsequently serum bilirubin levels at 72 hours were assessed in 100 neonates. The cut off value was estimated beyond which there was significant hyperbilirubinemia.

Result The cut off value of cord bilirubin >2.02 mg/dl had sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 70.8% respectively with positive predictive value of 0.39 and negative predictive value of 0.965 for subsequent hyperbilirubinemia.

Conclusion The cut-off value of cord bilirubin level estimated is 2.02 mg/dl can be used to predict significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a clinical syndrome resulting from massive necrosis of hepatocytes or from severe functional impairment of hepatocytes. Leading cause in developing countries is viral hepatitis, autoimmune diseases, where as in developed countries, drugs mainly acetaminophen is the most common cause of acute liver failure. N-Acetyl Cysteine, a glutathione, act as an anti-oxidant, replenishes mitochondrial and glutathione stores. Administration of NAC in children with non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure, have shown to be associated with better outcome, shortened hospital stay and improved transplant free survival rates. We present a case report on use of N-acetyl cysteine in a 15 year old female with Hepatic Encephalopathy stage IV with Acute Liver failure (fulminant) secondary to hepatitis B virus.

Leukodystrophies are white matter disorders that are genetic in nature. In the young, they represent an important cause of progressive neurological disability. They are frequently diagnosed on MRI, but their identification remains a challenge. Their diagnosis is important for palliative and experimental treatment, as well as family screening.We report a case of 14 yr old male child who presented to us with fever and status epilepticus.MRI revealed leukodystrophy.Patient’s family opted for palliative and home based care once the natural history and prognosis was explained to them.At the time of dicharge patients seizures were controlled with phenytoin,phenobarbitone, sodium valproate and midazolam.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common hereditary condition with features of progressive weakness, intellectual impairment, pseudo-hypertrophy of calves with proliferation of connective tissue in muscle. Renal morbidities in the form of recurrent urinary tract infections are seen in these patiets due to prolonged immobility.however pelviureteral junction obstruction is very rarely seen

Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SMS Medical College and associated Hospitals, Jaipur (Rajasthan) from April 2014 to March 2016 for a period of 2 year. The study population included 25 women with preeclampsia (cases) and 25 normotensive pregnant women (controls) in their third trimester. Cases were further grouped into mild preeclampsia (n=18), severe preeclampsia (n=4) and eclampsia (3) according to severity of preeclampsia. Plasma fibrinogen and FDP levels were estimated. Results of both groups were compared to evaluate the association of plasma fibrinogen and FDP with preeelampsia and its severity.

Results: The mean plasma fibrinogen level was 528.96 ± 93.25 mg/dl in preeclamptics as compared to control 365.48 ± 109.85 mg/dl, which was statistically significant (p=0.001). The mean values of plasma FDP in cases and controls were respectively 8.52±12.50 and 5.72±1.96 µg/ml (p = 0.000). Elevation in fibrinogen and FDP levels were more for severe preeclampsia and eclampsia group than mild preeclampsia group.

Conclusion : Preeclampsia is associated with high fibrinogen and FDP levels as compared to normal pregnancies. The levels of plasma fibrinogen and FDP increase as does the severity of preeclampsia.

Background: Partograph is a graphical record of maternal and foetal data during progress of labour entered against time on a single paper sheet. Entire labour can be interpretated in a glance on the partograph. Partograph has been shown to be efficacious tool for monitoring labour and identified women in need of an obstetrician intervention.

Aims and Objective: The study was aimed to comparing the maternal and fetal outcome along with normal progress of labour in W.H.O. modified partograph and latent phase partograph, to assess the incidence of prolonged labour and neonatal mortality, and determine the incidence of obstetrics intervention. i.e.– augmentation by oxytocin infusion, forceps delivery, lower segment caesarean section.

Material and methods: Study sample consisted of 300 primigravidae presented in labour pain, live fetus with vertex, having term singleton pregnancy. Labour of 200 cases were monitored by W.H.O. modified partograph and intervened when labour reaches to action line, whereas labour of 100 cases monitored by latent phase partograph and augmented in latent phase after passing 8 hrs. Maternal and perinatal outcome were analyzed and comparing in both group.

Liver damage is one of the most common consequences of alcohol abuse but despite of an enormous amount of research efforts, the mechanism by which alcohol causes alcoholic liver diseases remains unknown. Evidence that association is independent of both alcohol consumption and changes in other liver function tests suggest that possible mechanisms beyond alcohol neurotoxicity and hepatic dysfunction deserve further investigation (Michael 1989) The present study was envisioned to carry out Biochemical studies of alcohol induced liver injury in the alcoholic patient with following aims and objects.

i. To determine the effect of alcohol on liver function

ii. To know effect of alcohol on lipid profile.

iii. To know the quantity, quality and duration of alcohol intake in relation to liver damage and change in lipid metabolism.

Cysticercosis is a parasitic disease caused by the infestation with the larval stage of parasite – Tenia Solium via feaco-oral route as mode of transmission. Neurocysticercosis is the CNS manifestation, commonly presents with focal seizures. MRI is the diagnostic study, providing most information about cyst location, viability and associated inflammation. Here we present a case of cysticercal Encephalitis with starry sky appearance seen on MRI.

The pathogenesis of Zika virus infection is not well known and the effects on the structure of the placental villi require to be investigated. Is our proposal to describe the histopathological changes that occur in the placental villi provoked by Zika virus. The pacient of 38 years old was infected during the third trimester of pregnancy a week before parturition manifesting symptoms of infection by Zika. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used. Numerous stem villi are suffering degenerative changes with collapsed vessels. A conglomerate of syncytial knots and degenerated peripheric surface can be seen. Immature intermediate villi suffers fibrinoid deposition with macrophagues together in Hoffbauer channels. Necrosis of the syncytium and stromal fibrosis were noted on the placental villi. Koylocytic cell,destroyed villi,damage in the wall of vessels and mature intermediate villi with scarcity of terminal villi were found. Bad development of the ramifications of the placental villi and regions of lysis in stromal region were located. Thrombus and edema could not be seen. The placental villous tree has been found suffering severe degenerative changes and bad development indicating a destructive effect on the structure of the placenta that could to explain the cytopathic effect provoked by zika virus.