Pioneering dancer and choreographer who is credited with establishing the principals of modern dance. She danced with the Denishawn troupe (1919–23) and formed her own studio in New York City in 1926. Her angular and highly demanding dances include Primitive Mysteries (1931), Appalachian Spring (1944), and Rite of Spring (1984). She was married to choreographer Erick Hawkins from 1948 to 1954.