Their wide-ranging and prayerful conversation touched on the nature of worship, community, sacrifice, online engagement, baptism and the Eucharist. The conversation also encompassed objections raised by both individual United Methodists and the denomination’s ecumenical partners.

The majority of the group, by a show of hands, agreed with the statement: “Participation in the Lord’s Supper entails the actual tactile sharing of bread and wine in a service that involves people corporeally together in the same place.”

However, participants differed on whether communion truly requires celebrants to be in the same place.

“When you take communion to the homebound, are they participating in the Lord’s Supper? Yes; they are,” said the Rev. Gregory S. Neal, senior pastor of Northgate United Methodist Church in Irving, Texas, and founder of the online Grace Incarnate Ministries. After a request from a woman who watched his church services online, he began experimenting with online communion in 2003.

“Taking communion to people in homes is critically important,” he told the gathering. Online communion could be an extension of that longtime practice, he said.

The Rev. L. Edward Phillips, a facilitator of the discussion, countered that communion must involve the physical sharing of the consecrated elements.

For example, he said, a pastor visiting a shut-in with consecrated bread and cup is fine. But that pastor mailing the same elements goes against the traditional understanding of the sacred feast.

“In other words, if you invite me to dinner, you can’t do that virtually,” he said. “If you bring me a hot dish, you can’t do that online.”

One thing, participants in Nashville agreed, the discussion is likely just getting started as digital media become increasingly interactive and more people have computers in their pockets and purses.

Phillips noted that more official guidance will be important going forward.

“Sometimes, we think, ‘How great our ministries would be if we just didn’t have these horrible rules,’” he said. “But actually, the best of our rules and church laws represent the wisdom of the ages. They help us to be faithful and discern our present. They are a gift from God.”

“My concern and the concern of many who are here is: What do we tell people when they ask about this?” she said. “When a student asks me ‘what is the church’s approach on this?’ — up until this point, I’ve had to say ‘I have no idea.’ Now at least, having gone through this meeting, we do have some direction. It’s still not finished, but we have some direction.”

Also present at the Nashville meeting was the Rev. Daniel Wilson, Central’s online campus pastor, and the Rev. Susannah Pittman, the church’s associate pastor.

Both Wilson and Pittman said they would abide by the moratorium.

“Our goal in coming here was to reach happy ground that we could all live with to further the conversation — that it wouldn’t be just shut down and done with,” Wilson said. “I think we achieved that.”

Ramifications for Christian unity

The Rev. Steve Sidorak, who leads the Office on Christian Unity and Interreligious Relations, conveyed some of the strongest challenges against online communion — the reactions of the denomination’s ecumenical partners. His office, part of the Council of Bishops, serves as a sort of state department for the denomination, fostering relations across the body of Christ.

If The United Methodist Church embraces online communion, he said, it would cause a diplomatic crisis.

He read detailed objections to the practice emailed by ecumenical representatives from the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Presbyterian Church (USA) and the African Methodist Episcopal Church.

He told those gathered that the practice of online communion could jeopardize The United Methodist Church’s six formal full communion agreements and future bilateral conversations with other denominations.

“To our ecumenical partners, we would become not only a stumbling block but also a laughingstock,” he told the United Methodist News Service.

The Rev. Karen Greenwaldt, the top executive of the United Methodist Board of Discipleship, echoed Sidorak’s warning. During a recent gathering of the World Methodist Council, she said a member of the Uniting Church in Australia told her, “You just mustn’t (support online communion). You will not just fracture the larger ecumenical world; you (also) will fracture the World Methodist Council.”

Neal, the pastor who has offered online communion, said he, too, would abide by the moratorium. He said the recommendation did not surprise him and noted that he also has concerns about the practice.

Eucharist requires education and proper respect for the moment. “You really don’t have any guarantee of that in the Internet medium, which is one of my primary issues,” he said.

He said he has heard from people who found online communion meaningful, those who found it meaningless and everything between.

“I’m pleased that we are going to be doing some intentional examination and study of the utilization of digital media in ministry,” he said, “especially to reach people who are not inside our normal circles.”

Before the gathering, participants altogether wrote some 200 pages about theological issues raised by offering online communion. The group plans to make those papers public by mid-November at www.umc.org.

*Hahn is a multimedia news reporter for United Methodist News Service.

United Methodist News Service is the official news gathering agency of the United Methodist Church, and a division of United Methodist Communications. Mandated by the United Methodist Book of Discipline, UMNS provides news stories to communicators throughout the world.

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The United Methodist Reporter wants to encourage lively conversation about The United Methodist Church and our articles in the belief that Christian conversation (what Wesley would call conferencing) is a means of grace. While we support passionate debate, we cannot allow language that demeans or demonizes others, and we reserve the right to delete any comment we believe to be harmful or inappropriate. We encourage all to remember that we are all broken and in need of Christ's grace, and that we all see through the glass darkly until that time we when reach full perfection in love. May your speech here be tempered with love, and reflection of the fruits of love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. After all, "There is no law against things like this." (Galatians 5:22-23)

[…] The end result: there were too many issues that made online communion problematic for the moment. A moratorium was urged on those Methodist pastors practicing online communion and on a large church in North Carolina that […]

Nowhere does scripture ever seem to limit communion any more than it does prayer or fasting. About all three he said that 'when you pray… when you fast … do this in remembrance'. Do we need a minister, or others present, to pray or fast? Then why can we not partake of communion where and when we desire. What harm occurs? Online, with or without ministers, alone or with others, why not proclaim his death in any manner until He comes.

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5 years ago

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james culbersn

Good evening: Your new format makes it difficult to comment, but, perhaps that is the way you prefer it to be. Communion–The Lord's Supper is the most sacred means of grace. It has never been the same for me since I made an Emmaus walk in 1988. Many layfolks are as qualified to serve the elements as many of the pastors who host the sacred feast by rote. On line is not a good thing–changed and humble hearts need to come together to celebrate His Death, Burial, and Resurrection. ONLY individuals who are changed by His Sacrifice should serve. It… Read more »

James, let me know what the problems are with commenting. We do require that folks enter some data about themselves the first time they post, but now that you have had a post approved, you should be fine.