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Kumquats or cumquats are a group of small fruit-bearing trees in the flowering plant family Rutaceae. They were previously classified as forming the now historical genus Fortunella, They are slow-growing evergreen shrubs or short trees that stand 2.5 to 4.5 meters (8 to 15 ft) tall, with dense branches, sometimes bearing small thorns. The leaves are dark glossy green, and the flowers are white, similar to other citrus flowers, and can be borne singly or clustered within the leaf-axils. Depending on size, the kumquat tree can produce hundreds or even thousands of fruits each year Corfu produces about 140 tones kumquat every year. Kumquat is protected by the European Union as a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) product (Kumquat Kerkyras). Kumquat was brought on Corfu by the British botanist Sidney Merlin. He brought kumquats in Corfu in 1860 and cultivated them in a field, which was named after his name, near the Corfiot village Dasia. Kumquat flourished in Corfu and Corfiot people took advantage of it. Since 1924 kumquat has been widely cultivated on the island providing the local market with a variety of products ranging from spoon sweets to perfumes and cosmetics.

The fortunella group is not toxic to eat for humans or dogs. But the fruit has a relatively high level of magnesium and ingesting a large quantity can have a laxative effect.

Kumquats – are the smallest and weirdest of the common citrus fruit. In contrast to other fruit from this group, the skin and zest are sweet, while the juicy insides are tart with a hint of bitterness. A winter treat, kumquats can be eaten whole, just as they are or cooked with sugar, spices or spirits to make sweet compôtes and aromatic chutneys. used to make marmalades, jellies, and other spreadsCosmetics=http://www.thelandofcorfu.com/index.php?_route_=kumquat-all-products-ola-ta-kumquat-proiontakumquat liqueur kumquat vodka cocktailkumquat ginKumquat Liqueur. Peel the kumquats, and place the rind in a large glass jar or container then cover with the alcohol. Seal with a lid leave in a cool, dark place for 10 days. At the end of 10 days, strain the alcohol and discard the rinds.

Kumquat has aromatic and nutritional properties, is rich in vitamin C, A, B and 11 other vitamins, nourishes and moisturizes the epidermis. It contains folic acid, vitamin B2 and thiamin. It is rich in flavonoids, which act against hypertonia, and contains antioxidants. Last but not least, it is rich in limonene, an essential oil with anticancer properties.Some of the fruit's flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These may help protect against heart disease and cancer (5, 6, 7). The phytosterols in kumquats have a chemical structure similar to cholesterol, meaning that they can help block the absorption of cholesterol in your body.

This plant was shown to me a few years ago by Vivian i was stumped here it is.Drimia maritima can be seen in Arillas (syn. Urginea maritima) is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (formerly the family Hyacinthaceae).[2] This species is known by several common names, including squill, sea squill, sea onion,[3] and maritime squill.[4] It may also be called red squill, particularly a form which produces red-tinged flowers instead of white.[4] It is native to southern Europe, western Asia, and northern AfricaThis plant grows from a large bulb which can be up to 20 cm (7.9 in) wide and weigh 1 kg (2.2 lb). Several bulbs may grow in a clump and are usually just beneath the surface of the soil. In the spring, each bulb produces a rosette of about ten leaves each up to a meter long. They are dark green in color and leathery in texture. They die away by fall, when the bulb produces a tall, narrow raceme of flowers. This inflorescence can reach 1.5–2 m (4 ft 11 in–6 ft 7 in) in height.[4][5] The flower is about 1.5 cm (0.59 in) wide and has six tepals each with a dark stripe down the middle. The tepals are white, with the exception of those on the red-flowered form. The fruit is a capsule up to 1.2 cm (0.47 in) long

The plant has also been used as a poison. It is very bitter, so most animals avoid it. Rats, however, eat it readily, and then succumb to the toxic scilliroside. This has made the plant a popular rodenticide for nearly as long as it has been in use as a medicine. The bulbs are dried and cut into chips, which can then be powdered and mixed with rat bait. The plant was introduced as an experimental agricultural crop in the 20th century primarily to develop high-toxicity varieties for use as rat poison. Interest continued to develop as rats became resistant to coumarin-based poisons.Because rodents are unable to vomit, the selective toxicity of red squill is due to its quick and potent emetic action in humans and most nontarget animals that can regurgitate any ingested material.It has also been tested as an insecticide against pests such as the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

unknown

This species has been used as a medicinal plant since ancient times. It is noted in the Ebers Papyrus of the 16th century BC, one of the oldest medical texts of ancient Egypt.Pythagoras wrote about it in the 6th century BC.Hippocrates used it to treat jaundice, convulsions, and asthma. Theophrastus was also familiar with it. Its primary medicinal use was as a treatment for edema, then called dropsy, because of the diuretic properties of the cardiac glycosides. A solution of sea squill and vinegar was a common remedy for centuries. The plant is also used as a laxative and an expectorant.The bulb has been widely used by herbalists, mainly for its effect upon the heart and for its stimulating, expectorant and diuretic properties

Hyacinthus is a small genus of bulbous, fragrant flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae. These are commonly called hyacinths. The genus is native to the eastern Mediterranean.Hyacinthus grows from bulbs, each producing around four to six linear leaves and one to three spikes or racemes of flowers. In the wild species, the flowers are widely spaced with as few as two per raceme in H. litwinovii and typically six to eight in H. orientalis, which grows to a height of 15–20 cm (6–8 in). Cultivars of H. orientalis have much denser flower spikes and are generally more robust

Toxicity. Hyacinth bulbs are poisonous; they contain oxalic acid. Handling hyacinth bulbs can cause mild skin irritation.Some members of the Scilloideae sub-family of plants are commonly called hyacinths but are not members of the Hyacinthus genus and are edible; one example is the tassel hyacinth, which forms part of the cuisine of some Mediterranean countries

Composting, fermentation and other processes. Composting is one of the most widely used processing techniques to prepare water hyacinth for use as a fertilizer or fish feed. A large quantity of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus accumulates in the roots, which makes it suitable as a compost or inorganic fertilizer.Hyacinth bean plants are also planted as ornamental plants in some areas. The beans of this plant are used for cooking curries, adding flavor to rice dishes, especially used for preparing breakfast dishes such as Akki Rotti in Karnataka, India.

Works to Treat SDIs:Sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea, can be treated with the help of infusions prepared with the leaves of the hyacinth plant.

Treats Snake Bites:A poultice, prepared with the extracts of the hyacinth bean leaves, can be used to treat snake bites.

Heals Sore Throat:The juice extracted from the pods of the hyacinth plant can be used to heal an inflamed throat as well as ears.

Works as an Anti-inflammatory:In the Philipines, the combination of lemon juice and hyacinth juice is to treat abscesses. It is applied topically to heal the inflammation.

Controls Cholestrol:The hypocholesterolemic properties of hyacinth beans control cholesterol levels in the body.

For Healthier Digestion:Stir fried hyacinth beans can really make digestion smooth! Traditional Chinese Medicine uses the beans to keep the spleen healthy. The herb is also known to treat diarhea, nausea, distended stomach, intestinal, worms and flatulence.

Treats Cholera:The stem of this plant can be used to treat cholera. Symptoms like nausea and vomitting can be reduced with the help of stir fried hyacinth beans.

Offer Great Fragrance to the Hair:Though Hyacinth is not known for its hair care benefits but it provides the shampoos and conditioners that amazing fragrance to of a fresh flower.

Makes Skin Healthy:Many skin care products contain hyacinth. The use of Hyacinth and its antimicrobial, antifungal and antibacteria properties make it the perfect choice for treating many skin disorders.

Treats Eczema:The leaf extracts of this plant can be mixed with rice flour and turmeric to treat skin problems like eczema.

Hyacinthoides is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, known as bluebells.Hyacinthoides non-scripta (formerly Endymion non-scriptus or Scilla non-scripta) is a bulbous perennial plant, found in Atlantic areas from north-western Spain to the British Isles, and also frequently used as a garden plant. It is known in English as the common bluebell or simply bluebell non-scripta is particularly associated with ancient woodland where it may dominate the understorey to produce carpets of violet–blue flowers in "bluebell woods", but also occurs in more open habitats in western regions. It is protected under UK law, The blue bell is the same Family: Asparagaceae as the HyacinthIn Corfu Pathways and clearings in the olive groves come alive with wild Tulips, Iris, Bluebells, Poppies and a variety of flowering plants found in Northern Europe but here their flowers colours appear more vivid, scent more intense and foliage even more

Are bluebells poisonous? All parts of the bluebell plant contain toxic glycosides that are poisonous to humans and animals including dogs, horses and cattle. Ingestion of any parts of the plant such as flowers, leaves or bulbs causes a lowering of the pulse rate, nausea, diarrhoea and vomiting.

Bluebells are widely planted as garden plants, either among trees or in herbaceous bordersThe bulbs of bluebells sap can be used as an adhesive

Bluebells synthesise a wide range of chemicals with potential medicinal properties. They contain at least 15 biologically active compounds that may provide them with protection against insects and animals. Certain extracts – water-soluble alkaloids – are similar to compounds tested for use in combating HIV and cancer. The bulbs of bluebells are used in folk medicine as a remedy for leucorrhoea, and as a diuretic or styptic,

Glebionis segetum (syn. Chrysanthemum segetum) is a species of the genus Glebionis, probably native only to the eastern Mediterranean region but now naturalized in western and northern Europe as well as China and parts of North America. Common names include corn marigold and corn daisy.The corn daisy appears to have been a serious weed during the 13th century in Scotland, as suggested by a law of Alexander II which states that if a farmer allows so much as a single plant to produce seed in amongst his crops, then he will be fined a sheepThis short to medium height annual is unmistakeable in flower (June to October) with its large bright yellow daisy-like compound flower head. The leaves are slightly fleshy, lobed, hairless and covered with a waxy layer that gives them a greenish blue colour.Can be seen in meadows and wastland and fields

One report suggests that the plant contains coumarin[179]. If this is true it would be unwise to eat the leaves, especially if they are dried, since coumarin can prevent the blood from co-aggulating when there is a cut.

Greece, the leaves and the tender shoots of a variety called neromantilida (νερομαντηλίδα) are eaten raw in salads or browned in hot olive oil by the locals

Echium plantagineum, commonly known as purple viper's-bugloss or Paterson's curse, is a species of Echium native to western and southern Europe (from southern England south to Iberia and east to the Crimea), northern Africa, and southwestern Asia (east to Georgia). It has also been introduced to Australia, South Africa and United States, where it is an invasive weed. Due to a high concentration of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, it is poisonous to grazing livestock, especially those with simple digestive systems, like horses.Family: BoraginaceaeThe Latin genus name comes from the Greek word 'ekhis' which means viper Some sources say that this is due to the seeds resembling a viper's head. Others claim that the forking at the end of the thin flower style resembles a viper's tongue. It is also claimed that the plant roots when eaten with wine could provide a folk cure for a snake bite. The Latin specific epithet plantagineum then refers to the leaves of the plant which are similar to those of a plantainHeight: 1m. - E. pininana (syn. E. pinnifolium) is the incredible Tree echium that can produce spikes up to 4m high of blue flowers. It is a half-hardy biennial.You can grow this plant in the uk i have grown the blue on bottom row 4m I hope you get a charnce to see this plant and the size

These ones grow from 1.5m to 4m

Toxicity. Echium plantagineum contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids and is poisonous. When eaten in large quantities, it causes reduced livestock weight and death, in severe cases, due to liver damage. Paterson's curse can also kill horses, and irritate the udders of dairy cows and the skin of humans.

Because the alkaloids can also be found in the nectar of Paterson's curse, the honey made from it should be blended with other honeys to dilute the toxins.Flowers can be added to salad, crystallised or made into a cordial.The leaves are somewhat hairy, but when chopped up finely they are acceptable - young leaves taste mild and mucilaginous, can be eaten raw in a mixed salad/ or cooked and used as a spinach substitute.The flowering tops are gathered in late summer and can be dried for later use.Do not handle without gloves, as the hairs on the leaves and stems can cause dermatitis.Not suitable for internal use by pregnant women.

Echium oil is a powerful source of omega 3, 6 and 9 essential fatty acids, or EFA's, (sometimes called vitamin F) for the skin.Contains a high proportion of a unique EFA called stearidonic acid, not found in the other commonly used EFA source plants.Stearidonic acid is a powerful anti-inflammatory substance, which also acts to help protect the skin from environmental damage (such as UV radiation).The juice of the plant is an effective emollient for reddened and delicate skins.A poultice can also be made from freshly chopped leaves and flowering stems held in place with a bandage - or by thickening a standard infusion whilst still hot with cornflour to make a paste and spread onto a bandage - treat wounds, boils, carbuncles, whitlows and other skin eruptions.Is related to Borage, Borago officinalis and has similar actions - is sweat-inducing and has diuretic effects if taken internally.The leaves and flowering stems are antitussive, aphrodisiac, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, pectoral and vulnerary - relieve fevers, headaches, lung disorders, chest conditions, colds and nervous complaints.The best leaves to use are the ones growing from the root and lying on the ground.Decoct seeds in wine - relieves inflammatory pains, comforts the heart, and drives away melancholy.

Other names used for this plant include garden valerian to distinguish it from other Valeriana species, garden heliotrope although not related to Heliotropium), setwall and all-heal which is also used for plants in the genus StachysValerian (Valeriana officinalis, Caprifoliaceae) is a perennial flowering plant native to Europe and Asia. In the summer when the mature plant may have a height of 1.5 metres (5 ft), it bears sweetly scented pink or white flowers that attract many fly species, especially hoverflies of the genus Eristalis. It is consumed as food by the larvae of some Lepidoptera butterfly and moth species, including the grey pug.Crude extract of valerian root may have sedative and anxiolytic effects, and is commonly sold in dietary supplement capsules to promote sleep

There have been many clinical studies done to evaluate the effectiveness of valerian as a treatment for insomnia and anxiety. Overall, the evidence from these studies is inconclusive. Valerian is generally considered fairly safe with few adverse effects reported.

Use it topically on the bottoms of feet.Use Valerian as part of your nighttime routine by diffusing it with Clary Sage next to your bed.Massage it into the skin with V-6 Vegetable Oil Complex to create a calming environment.

Valerian has a sedative action useful against insomnia, anxiety, and stress. It is also used to treat gastrointestinal pain and irritable bowelTo relax your pain, try using valerian root. This herb has been used for centuries and supported human beings in reducing anxiety, stress, tension, irritability, and insomnia. You can use valerian tea daily to relieve knee painMemory Improvement

The dried valerian root tincture can improve the memory performance and some problem-solving skills in children and adults. According to a research in aged mice, the valerenic acid present in this herb has powerful effects on the memory function.Valerian Root Benefits – Treat Hyperthyroidism Disease Valerian Root Benefits On Health- Reduce Epilepsy

The Orchidaceae are a diverse and widespread family of flowering plants, with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant, commonly known as the orchid family from all over the worldAlong with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering plants. The Orchidaceae have about 28,000 currently accepted species, distributed in about 763 generaThe family encompasses about 6–11% of all seed plants. The largest genera are Bulbophyllum (2,000 species), Epidendrum (1,500 species), Dendrobium (1,400 species) and Pleurothallis (1,000 species). It also includes Vanilla–the genus of the vanilla plant, the type genus Orchis, and many commonly cultivated plants such as Phalaenopsis and Cattleya. Moreover, since the introduction of tropical species into cultivation in the 19th century, horticulturists have produced more than 100,000 hybrids and cultivars.Wild plants and their habitats around the world are threatened. Remember to follow the principles of this code when visiting other countries. Make sure that you are familiar with the nature protection laws of your host country.Orchids are legally protected so you could be breaking the law by taking the away

Are Orchid edible?Answer: The blooms of all orchids are considered safe for consumption, but some species can irritate the stomach. The vanilla bean or pod is considered the world's only edible fruit-bearing orchid. ... In Europe, many chefs garnish cakes and desserts with beautiful orchid petals.Orchids are not poisonous to humans, dogs, cats or horses. The orchid is officially known as the Phalaenopsis orchid and also goes by the names of moth orchid and moon orchid. While orchids are considered a safe and nontoxic plant, it is possible for reactions to still occur if a person is particularly sensitive.

In Turkey, orchids are used for making a traditional beverage called Salep. Salep is a type of flour that is produced by grinding tubers of orchis militaris, orchis mascula, and other kinds of orchids with ovoid tubers. This beverage is also consumed in Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Iran, and it was popular during the time of the Ottoman Empire. It is said to be effective in curing sore throat, digestive problems, diarrhea, and gum disease.Orchid oil is said to help repair damaged hair, prevent moisture loss and promote health, manageability, and volume, as well as soothing the scalp.These also work as free-radical scavenging agents and antioxidants, improving the healthy tone of your skin and boosting skin immunity.

Dried dendrobium is believed to possess medicinal properties that can help treat cancer, strengthen the immune system, and improve eyesight.It is used to treat allergies and relieve headache and fatigue. Many herbal formulas for treating hypertension, convulsions, migraine, wind and cramps include this preparation. Interestingly, the plant contains gastrodin, which has anticonvulsant effects

Opuntia, commonly called prickly pear You see this plant all around Arillas The genus is named for the Ancient Greek city of Opus, where, according to Theophrastus, an edible plant grew and could be propagated by rooting its leaves grow to 5–7 metres (16–23 ft) with a crown of possibly 3 metres (9.8 ft) in diameter and a trunk diameter of 1 metreNext time out in Arillas pick a ripe one and try it be careful of the thorns

Is Prickly Pear poisonous? Prickly pear cactus – Surprise! All parts of this plant are edible! The Prickly Pear (or Paddle) cactus has flat, padlike stems that are green. The Prickly Pear has two kinds of spines – hard, fixed spines and small, hairlike prickles that easily penetrate the skin and detach from the plant

It contains skin-softening vitamins E and K. It also contains a good amount of skin hydrating and nourishing fatty acids. These prevent the formation of wrinkles and fine lines, thus making prickly pear oil a good anti-aging agent The fruit of prickly pears, commonly called cactus fruit, cactus fig, Indian fig, nopales or tuna in Spanish, is edible, although it must be peeled carefully to remove the small spines on the outer skin before consumption. ... The young stem segments, usually called nopales, are also edible in most species of Opuntia.At once gentle, healing, and protecting, this oil has been used for centuries to treat everything from burns to illnesses. Extremely Rich in vitamin E and brimming with antioxidants, prickly pear seed oil is one of the most powerful, luxurious skin care ingredients on the market.Prickly pear simple syrup. This syrup is made by simmering boiled, mashed, and strained prickly pear fruit in sugar. Lemon is added for tartness. Use this syrup on pancakes, on top of other fruit, or in any dessert recipe that calls for syrup Prickly pear is widely cultivated and commercially used in juices, jellies, candies, teas, and alcoholic drinks.

Campsis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to woodland in China and North America. It consists of two species, both of which are vigorous deciduous perennial climbers, clinging by aerial roots, and producing large trumpet-shaped flowers in the summer They are hardy but require the shelter of a warm wall in full sunYou can see this plant all around Arillas most of all is at the Armourada Taverna a lovely red

The trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), also referred to as chalice vine, is prized for its magnificent red blooms that grow in a trumpet shape. ... The fruit, foliage, flowers and sap are toxic and can cause mild to severe skin rashes and irritation if handled,

campsis uses none

The flowers and the whole plant are blood tonic, carminative, depurative diuretic and febrifuge. They are used in the treatment of women's complaints. A decoction of the flowers is used to correct menstrual disorders, rheumatoid pains, traumatic injuries, difficult urination, pruritis and oozing dermaphytoses.

HII just to say thank you to Patrick for the name of this plant i did not know in a-z CorfuTamarisk

This plant can be seen on the Beach front of Arillas The genus Tamarix is composed of about 50–60 species of flowering plants in the family Tamaricaceae, native to drier areas of Eurasia and Africa. The generic name originated in Latin and may refer to the Tamaris River in Hispania Tarraconensis. Tamarisk (also known as salt cedar) is a deciduous shrub or small tree from Eurasia. Tamarisk can grow as high as 25 feet tall. The bark on saplings and young branches is purplish or reddish-brown. Leaves are scale-like, alternate, with salt-secreting glands.Description. They are evergreen or deciduous shrubs or trees growing to 1–18 m in height and forming dense thickets. The largest, Tamarix aphylla, is an evergreen tree that can grow to 18 m tall.Tamarisk, (genus Tamarix), any of 54 species of shrubs and low trees (family Tamaricaceae) that, with false tamarisks (Myricaria, 10 species), grow in salt deserts, by seashores, in mountainous areas, and in other semiarid localities from the Mediterranean region to central Asia and northern China.Two plants are mentioned in Genesis 21. The first is the shrub under which Hagar placed Ishmael (verse 15). The second is the tamarisk planted by Abraham (verse 33). The shrub could also easily be a tamarisk as this is one of the most common shrubs and trees in the vicinity of Beersheba or it could be the white broom.In addition to improving habitat, environmentalists cited soil salinity as a good reason for eliminating salt cedar trees. True to its name, salt cedar draws up salt from the soil through its complex web of roots, storing it in leaves.

tamarisk poisonous to humans unknown

The tamarisk is used as an ornamental shrub, a windbreak, and a shade tree. The wood may be used for carpentry or firewood. It is a possible agroforestry species. Plans are being made for the tamarisk to play a role in antidesertification programs in China shade tree in the deserts

Medicinal use of Chinese Tamarisk: The leaves are analgesic, antipyretic, antivinous, carminative, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge. Aids measles rash surfacing. The wood is used in the treatment of anthrax-like sores A manna from the plant is vulnerary.The manna, galls from the trees and the wood have all been used in medicine in a variety of countries.The Tuareg In Niger use the manna to sweeten water. it has been used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery, to staunch the flow of blood from wounds and speed up the healing process, and as a laxative.

This tree looks like a runner bean tree i have see this tree on Corfu If you see this tree you won't forget it

Ceratonia siliqua known as the carob locust bean, locust-tree, or carob bush it has been cultivated for at least 4000 years. is a flowering evergreen tree or shrub in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is widely cultivated for its edible pods, and as an ornamental tree in gardens. The ripe, dried, and sometimes toasted pod is often ground into carob powder, which is used to replace cocoa powder. Carob bars, an alternative to chocolate bars, as well as carob treats, are often available in health food stores. Carob pods are naturally sweet, not bitter, and contain no theobromine or caffeine.The carob tree is native to the Mediterranean region, including Southern Europe, Northern Africa, the larger Mediterranean islands, the Levant and Middle-East of Western Asia into Iran; and the Canary Islands and Macaronesia.[4][5] The carat, a unit of mass for gemstones, and a measurement of purity for gold, takes its name from the Greek word for a carob seed, keration, via the Arabic word, qīrāṭ The common Greek name is χαρουπιά (translit. charoupia), or ξυλοκερατιά (translit. ksilokeratia, meaning "wooden horn")

Carob candy that looks like chocolate

Is ceratonia siliqua poisonous UNKNOWN

Syrup and drinks and maltese carob liqueur and others liqueurs also a substitute for chocolateIn some areas of Greece carob wood is largely used as a fuelwood, being sold at fuelwood yards. It's a very good fuel and sometimes preferred over oak and olive wood. Because the much fluted stem usually shows heart rot it is rarely used for construction timber. However, it is sought for ornamental work sometimes and, since the natural shape of the fluted stem lends itself to it, specifically for furniture design. Given the sometimes extremely wavy grain of the wood that gives it very good resistance to splitting, sections of Carob bole are suitable for chopping blocks for splitting wood.A flour made from the seedpods is used in the cosmetic industry to make face-packs. Tannin is obtained from the bark. Wood - hard, lustrous. Highly valued by turners, it is also used for marquetry and walking sticks.Seedpods - raw or ground into a powder. The seedpods are filled with a saccharine pulp and can be eaten both green or dried. They are very sweet but fibrous, the pulp can be used as a chocolate substitute in cakes, drinks etc. It is rich in sugars and protein. The pods contain about 55% sugars, 10% protein and 6% fat. Seed - rich in protein. A flour is made from them which is 60% protein, it is free from sugar and starch and is suitable for baking. It can be used as a chocolate substitute. An edible gum is extracted from the seed, a substitute for Gum Tragacanth (see Astragalus species). A stabilizer and thickening agent, it is also used as an egg substitute. The roasted seed is a coffee substitute.

seedpods of carob is very nutritious and, due to its high sugar content, sweet-tasting and mildly laxative. However, the pulp in the pods is also astringent and, used in a decoction, will treat diarrhoea and gently help to cleanse and also relieve irritation within the gut. Whilst these appear to be contradictory effects, carob is an example of how the body responds to herbal medicines in different ways, according to how the herb is prepared and according to the specific medical problem. The seedpods are also used in the treatment of coughs. A flour made from the ripe seedpods is demulcent and emollient. It is used in the treatment of diarrhoea. The seed husks are astringent and purgative. The bark is strongly astringent. A decoction is used in the treatment of diarrhoea.Naturally low-fat. Carob powder contains virtually no fat. ...Low in sodium. According to the Mayo Clinic, the average American gets 3,400 mg of sodium daily. ...Contains calcium, but no oxalates. Calcium is a mineral. ...High in fiber. ...Gluten-free. ...Helps relieves diarrhea. ...Caffeine-free. ...Good source of antioxidants.

Quercus coccifera, the kermes oak, Family: Fagaceae Genus:QuercusGenus:Quercus is an oak tree in the Quercus section Cerris. It is native to the Mediterranean region and Northern African Maghreb, south to north from Morocco to France and west to east from Portugal to Cyprus and Turkey, crossing Spain, Italy, Libya, Balkans, and Greece, including CreteThe Kermes Oak was historically important as the food plant of the Kermes scale insect, from which a red dye called crimson was obtained. The etymology of the specific name coccifera is related to the production of red cochineal (crimson) dye and derived from Latin coccum which was from Greek κόκκος, the kermes insect. The Latin -fera means 'beareQuercus coccifera is usually a shrub less than 2 metres rarely a small tree, reaching 1–6 metres It is evergreen, with spiny-serrated coriaceous leaves 1.5–4 cm long and 1–3 cm broadKermes oak species grow in dry, sunny slopes. Quercus coccifera supports either drought summers and semi-desert climate with rainfall between 400 and 600mm, with a maximum in the fall and spring. In its habitat summers are hot and winters are cold with the dry summer season with more than 35 °C, occasionally reaching over 40 °C. In winter the temperatures often drop below 0 °C. It lives in areas with moisture produced by condensation fogs, many Ground frost on clear nights and sporadic snowfalls.It is indifferent to chemistry of soils, living on calcareous, pebbly, stony and poor soils. A lover of warm weather, it starts to fail from 1000 metres above sea level. It is capable of supporting the continental Mediterranean climate with extreme temperatures and low rainfall, replacing Quercus ilex (holm oak) in drier areas where it excels in drought resistance. It also grows on sea cliffs and in windy areas where other species of Quercus or Pinus cannot resist the harsh weather conditions.

Quercus coccifera poisonous to humans UNKNOWN

Dye; Repellent; Tannin; A mulch of the leaves repels slugs, grubs etc, though fresh leaves should not be used as these can inhibit plant growthThe bark is rich in tannin. A black dye can be obtained from the bark and also from the seedsand wood work

Medicinal use of Kermes Oak: Any galls produced on the tree are strongly astringent and can be used in the treatment of haemorrhages, chronic diarrhoea, dysentery hemorrhoids

,Quercus ilex the evergreen oak,holly oak or holm oak,Family:Fagaceae Genus: Quercus is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It takes its name from holm, an ancient name for holly. It is a member of the Cerris section of the genus, with acorns that mature in a single summer.An evergreen tree of large size, attaining in favourable places a height of 21–28 m, and developing in open situations a huge head of densely leafy branches as much across,The resemblance of the foliage to that of the common European holly, Ilex aquifolium, has led to its common and botanic names. The name ilex was originally the classical Latin name for the holm oak, but later adopted as a botanical genus name for the hollies.

Ingestion of over 20 berries may be fatal to children. Holly leaves, if eaten, might cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and stomach and intestinal problems.Although severe reactions are quite uncommon, oak has been reported as a sensitizer. Usually most common reactions simply include eye and skin irritation, as well as asthma-like symptoms.

timber is very hard and strong and it is reputed to have been used by the Romans for the wheels of carriages and for agricultural toolsHolm oak were used to tell the future and they were also used to make crowns to honour peopleTools, cabinetry, furniture, wine barrels, turned objects, and firewood. Seed - raw or cooked. The seed of this variety is normally sweet. The seed is up to 3cm long, it can be dried, ground into a powder and used as a thickening in stews etc or mixed with cereals for making bread.

MADE FROM OVER 200 YEAR OLD WOOD

Medicinal use of Holm Oak: Any galls produced on the tree are strongly astringent and can be used in the treatment of haemorrhages, chronic diarrhoea, dysentery