1004Library & University Dar AlHekma is founded in Egypt under Fatimids.

1008 Fatimid Egyptian sea captain Domiyat travels to Buddhist pilgrimage site in Shandong, China, to seek out Chinese Emperor Zhenzong of Song with gifts from his ruling Imam AlHakim biAmr Allah, successfully reopening diplomatic relations between Egypt and China that had been lost since collapse of Tang Dynasty.

1021 ruling Fatimid Caliph AlHakim biAmr Allah disappears suddenly, possibly assassinated by his own sister Sitt alMulk, which leads to open persecution of Druze by Ismaili Shia; Druze proclaimed that AlHakim went into hiding (ghayba), whereupon he would return as Mahdi savior.

1080Liber pantegni Compendium of Hellenistic and Islamic medicine, is written in Italy by Carthaginian Christian Constantine African, paraphrasing translated passages from Kitab almalaki of Ali ibn Abbas alMajusi as well as other Arabic texts

1100s In north Africa, kasbah of Marrakesh is built, including city gate Bab Agnaou and Koutoubia mosque.