PURPOSE: To review the epidemiology and management of facial fractures in a pediatric population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of patients younger than 18 years who presented to a pediatric emergency department during a 5-year period in an urban, academic, level 1 designated trauma center. RESULTS: Of the 156 patients identified, most were boys (87%) and the mean age was 13.5 years (standard deviation, 4.9 yr; interquartile range, 12 to 17 yr)...

PURPOSE: Mandibular fractures represent a substantial portion of facial fractures in the pediatric population. Pediatric mandibles differ from their adult counterparts in the presence of mixed dentition. Avoidance of injury to developing tooth follicles is critical. Simple mandibular fractures can be treated with intermaxillary fixation (IMF) using arch bars or bone screws. This report describes an alternative to these methods using silk sutures and an algorithm to assist in treating simple mandibular fractures in the pediatric population...

INTRODUCTION: There are few published articles describing the epidemiology of facial fractures in South Africa, and there is only one published study in pediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed all medical records in a major metropolitan pediatric hospital in Cape Town, South Africa from September 2006 through May 2014. Inclusion criteria were children aged under the age of 13 with facial fractures. Fractures were assessed through head computed tomography (CT) scans...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of titanium implant on the growth and development of pediatric mandible after suffering from mandibular fracture and undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) compared with those that underwent titanium plate removal postoperatively. METHODS: Fifteen pediatric patients with mandibular fracture who underwent ORIF were included in this study. Eight patients did not undergo titanium implant removal postoperatively, whereas the other seven patients underwent the routine...

Maxillofacial fractures in pediatric trauma patients require significant force and frequently are associated with concomitant injuries. The anatomic and developmental differences between the adult and child that impact patterns of injury also affect management and outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze fracture location, mechanism, concomitant injuries as well as methods of surgical treatment and outcomes, to improve management of this patient population. A retrospective review was conducted of pediatric patients with maxillofacial fractures presenting to a level-1 trauma center during an 8-year span...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the screw-based intermaxillary traction combined with occlusal splint in the treatment of pediatric mandibular condylar fracture. METHODS: Between June 2005 and December 2013, 35 pediatric patients with 49 mandibular condylar fractures were treated, and the clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. There were 25 boys and 10 girls, aged 3-13 years (mean, 7.3 years). The injury causes included falling (18 cases), traffic accident (14 cases), and violence (3 cases)...

IMPORTANCE: The mandible is arguably the most frequently fractured facial bone in children. However, facial fractures are rare in children compared with adults, resulting in few large studies on patterns of pediatric facial fractures. OBJECTIVE: To report the patterns, demographics, and cause of pediatric mandible fractures across the United States. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Emergency Department Sample from January 1 to December 31, 2012, using the International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, codes for mandible fractures (802...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficiency of MacLennan splint in symphysis and parasymphysis mandibular fractures in children. STUDY DESIGN: Six patients (four boys and two girls, mean age 3 years, range between 2 and 5 years) were operated on parasymphysis fractures of children. The mean follow-up time was 12 months. MacLennan splint was applied in these case upto 3 weeks. RESULTS: Primary healing of the fractured mandible was observed in all patients...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: There is limited data linking demographic determinants to clinical outcomes in facial trauma, particularly when comparing regional to national datasets; these are the aims of the present study. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: A 10-year, retrospective single-institutional chart review was undertaken at Children's Hospital Colorado (CHC) to characterize a pediatric population with facial fractures. A comparative analysis between the CHC and National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) datasets was also conducted...

PURPOSE: The Mandible Injury Severity Score (MISS) has been used to evaluate adult mandibular fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MISS in a cohort of pediatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of pediatric patients treated for mandibular fractures over a 20-year period. Patients were included if they had computed tomographic imaging available for review and had at least 1 post-treatment visit. The primary predictor variable was the MISS...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to present and discuss the results of a European multicentre prospective study about pediatric maxillofacial trauma epidemiology during a year. STUDY DESIGN: The following data were recorded: gender, age, etiology, site of fracture, date of injury. Of the 3396 patients with maxillofacial fractures admitted within the study period, 114 (3.3%) were children aged 15 years and younger, with a male/female ratio of 2.6:1. Mean age was 10...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of open and close treatment of condylar fractures of mandible in children. METHODS: A total of 78 cases (105 mandibular condylar fractures) were included in this study. All patients (younger than 12 years at the time of injury were followed up for at least 3 years. According to the classification of the condylar fractures, open or close treatment was chosen. Clinical outcomes were classified as favorable or unfavorable depending on the mouth opening, pattern of mouth opening, occlusion, facial symmetry...

A pediatric mandibular fracture can cause a child severe pain and the parent or caregiver extreme worry. While the pattern of fractures and associated injuries in children is similar to adults, the incidence is low. Due to a number of factors, including the anatomical complexity of the developing mandible in a child, management of such fractures differs from that of adults and can greatly challenge the pediatric dentist. Various treatment modalities of managing mandibular fracture are available, such as closed/open cap splint with circummandibular wiring, arch-bar fixation, and cementation of the cap splint...

INTRODUCTION: Age and sex-related changes in the pattern of fractures and concomitant injuries observed in this patient population is helpful in understanding craniofacial development and the treatment of these unique injuries. The goal of this study was to examine all facial fractures occurring in a child and adolescent population (age 18 or less) at a trauma center to determine any age or sex-related variability amongst fracture patterns and concomitant injuries. METHODS: All facial fractures occurring at a trauma center were collected over a 12-year period based on International Classification of Disease, rev...

BACKGROUND: Erich arch bars facilitate intermaxillary fixation, and traditional teaching questions and often argues against the use of arch bars in patients during primary and mixed dentition. Dental anatomy, risk of tooth avulsion, and potential disruption of developing permanent dentition are reasons cited. This study provides the only outcome data on the use of arch bars in children during primary and mixed dentition. METHODS: Patients in primary and mixed dentition presenting with mandible fractures treated with arch bars from 2000 to 2010 were reviewed...

IMPORTANCE: There are no uniform treatments, standards, and specifications for conservative and surgical management of mandibular fractures in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To review the management of mandibular fractures in children and adolescents at our institution. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The medical records of 104 children and adolescents (60 male and 44 female) treated for mandibular fractures from 2005 to 2012 at the Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China, were retrospectively reviewed...

When determining the optimal treatment strategy for a pediatric mandible fracture, planning must factor in the patient's age, anatomy, stage of dental development, fracture site, and ability to cooperate with the proposed treatment plan. Careful consideration must be given to the possibility of long-term growth disturbance with various fracture locations and types of treatment. This article reviews the current principles of the management of pediatric mandibular fractures.

The treatment of pediatric maxillofacial fractures is unique due to the psychological, physiological, developmental, and anatomical characteristics of children. Method. This case report describes the management of symphysis fracture of mandible in a 5-year-old boy. The fracture was treated by acrylic splint with circummandibular wiring. Results. The splint was removed after 3 weeks. The patient had no complaints, and radiograph revealed a healed fracture. Conclusion. The clinical outcome in the present case indicates the management of mandibular fractures in pediatric patients using acrylic splint with circummandibular wiring...

OBJECTIVE: Maxillofacial injuries in children always present a challenge in respect of their diagnosis and management. The phenomenal increase in automotives on the road has led to a tremendous rise in the number of road traffic accidents leading to facial injuries, of which children are the most unfortunate victims. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology and pattern of facial injuries and also to access the most feasible method for the management of facial injuries in children without hampering the facial growth...