Center for Implementing Technology in Education (CITEd)A review of K-12 research on effectiveness of teaching mathematics with calculators concluded that the use of graphing calculators for teaching Algebra and for testing in grades 6-8 is proven effective. Evidence is promising, but not as strong, for:

Teaching Number and Operations in K-2 with use of basic calculators.

Teaching Number and Operations in grades 3-5 with graphing calculators.

Testing in grades 6-8 with basic calculators.

Teaching multiple topics in grades 6-8 (including geometry and Number and Operations).

Teaching in grades 9-12 with graphing calculators for algebra, geometry, and data analysis and probability.

Technical University of Darmstadt, GermanyA quasi-experimental study of graphing calculator use in grades 7-10 of one German state showed average performance increases were above the expected increase by all participating classes. Average gains were:

Handheld graphing technology can be an important factor in helping students develop a better understanding of mathematical concepts, score higher on performance measures, and achieve a higher level of problem solving skills.

SRI InternationalWhile available research does not make a conclusive case, the results suggest the potential contribution of graphing calculators to success in developmental math, and thus to student retention, at the post-secondary level.

SRI InternationalAn interpretive review of research on graphing calculators concluded that graphing calculators have become one of the most widely adopted technologies in education because they are a proven-effective, affordable handheld device with direct linkages to curricula. A robust and consistent body of research shows that graphing calculators can effectively support mathematics learning and democratize access to complex mathematical concepts. Graphing calculators enable students to explore connections across multiple representations. Recent extensions support formative assessment via a wireless network. Graphing calculators are aligned with existing standards and curricula and support valuable pedagogical practices, such as increasing attention to conceptual understanding and problem solving strategies by offloading laborious computations. Innovators who want to provide new technologies that will have a real impact on learning would do well to heed the lessons and successes of the graphing calculator.