Scientific English as a Foreign Language
Answers to Lesson of December 4, 1998
Quiz Question

What is the difference between the sentences below? Try rewriting them
to better distinguish between them.

A. Therefore, the resonant frequency of a specimen at the lowest strain
amplitude was used as the variable Fi.

B. Therefore, the resonant frequency of a specimen at the lowest strain
amplitude used was the variable Fi.

A small change in word order modifies these sentences a lot. Sentence
A implys that an assumption has been made and that it was decided that
the particular frequency was the correct one to choose. "Was used"
is here the passive verb form of "to use". In sentence B, the
"used" refers to the resonant frequency that was employed, and
that there are no doubts as to the appropriateness of the choice. "Was"
is the verb, in past tense. The sentences could be written as--

A. Therefore, the resonant frequency of a specimen at the lowest strain
amplitude was taken to be (or, was assumed to be) the variable Fi.

B. Therefore, the resonant frequency of a specimen at the lowest strain
amplitude that was used was the variable Fi. (Or, therefore, the
resonant frequency of a specimen at the lowest used strain amplitude
was the variable Fi. )

A mathematician and a physicist agree to a psychological
experiment. The mathematician is put in a chair in a large empty room and
a beautiful naked woman is placed on a bed at the other end of the room.
The psychologist explains, "You are to remain in your chair. Every
five minutes, I will move your chair to a position halfway between its
current location and the woman on the bed." The mathematician looks
at the psychologist in disgust. "What? I'm not going to go through
this. You know I'll never reach the bed!" And he gets up and storms
out. The psychologist makes a note on his clipboard and ushers the physicist
in. He explains the situation, and the physicist's eyes light up and he
starts drooling. The psychologist is a bit confused. "Don't you realize
that you'll never reach her?" The physicist smiles and replied, "Of
course! But I'll get close enough for all practical purposes!"