http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/pages/viewallmostpopulararticles.aspx
en-usTue, 31 Mar 2015 17:22:57 -0500Wolters Kluwer Health RSS Generatorhttp://images.journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/XLargeThumb.00149619-201503000-00000.CV.jpeghttp://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/pages/viewallmostpopulararticles.aspx
http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Exercise_and_the_Heart___the_Harm_of_Too_Little.12.aspx
Physical activity and exercise training are underutilized by much of Westernized society, and physical inactivity may be the greatest threat to health in the 21st century. Many studies have shown a linear relationship between one’s activity level and heart health, leading to the conclusion that “if some exercise is good, more must be better.” However, there is evolving evidence that high levels of exercise may produce similar or less overall cardiovascular (CV) benefits compared with those produced by lower doses of exercise. Very high doses of exercise may be associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. These acute bouts of excessive exercise may lead to cardiac dilatation, cardiac dysfunction, and release of troponin and brain natriuretic peptide. The effects of too little and too much exercise on the heart are reviewed in this article, along with recommendations to optimize the dose of exercise to achieve heart health.]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00012http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/01000/Exercise_Can_Protect_against_a_Broken_Heart.4.aspx
No abstract available]]>Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201501000-00004http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/01000/Depression_in_Athletes___Prevalence_and_Risk.17.aspx
Depression affects an estimated 6.7% of today’s adult population in a 12-month period. The prevalence rates for certain age groups, such as young adults and older adults, are higher. There are approximately 400,000 National Collegiate Athletic Association student athletes competing each year and 5 to 7 million high school student athletes involved in competitive interscholastic sports. Given such a high prevalence rate in certain age groups and a large denominator pool of athletes, past notions that athletes are devoid of mental health issues have come under scrutiny by sports medicine providers. Initial data suggest that athletes are far from immune to depression. The purpose of this article was to review the current research on athletes and depression; particularly this article will provide an overview of studies, which have investigated the rate of depression among athletes, and discuss relevant risk factors, which may contribute to depression among athletes.]]>Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201501000-00017http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Doubt.4.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00004http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/11000/The_Million_Dollar_Question___When_Should_an.7.aspx
Management of acute concussions is guided by consensus statement, and the return-to-play process begins when an athlete’s symptoms and examination return to baseline. This process may be relatively clear if symptoms resolve within the normal time frame following a first or second concussion. This decision-making process is more complicated in an athlete with prolonged unresolved symptoms, multiple concussions both with and without prolonged recovery, or a structural brain injury. In these situations, determining when to retire an athlete after concussion is a complex decision, without available evidence-based guidelines. This article will discuss absolute and relative contraindications to returning an athlete to contact sport following a concussion in three separate scenarios: following potentially life-threatening brain injury, persistent clinical symptoms or signs of prolonged postconcussion syndrome, and multiple concussions but without residual symptoms or signs.]]>Sat, 01 Nov 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201411000-00007http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Ice_Hockey_Summit_II___Zero_Tolerance_for_Head.17.aspx
This study aimed to present currently known basic science and on-ice influences of sport-related concussion (SRC) in hockey, building upon the Ice Hockey Summit I action plan (2011) to reduce SRC. The prior summit proceedings included an action plan intended to reduce SRC. As such, the proceedings from Summit I served as a point of departure for the science and discussion held during Summit II (Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, October 2013). Summit II focused on 1) Basic Science of Concussions in Ice Hockey: Taking Science Forward, 2) Acute and Chronic Concussion Care: Making a Difference, (3) Preventing Concussions via Behavior, Rules, Education, and Measuring Effectiveness, 4) Updates in Equipment: Their Relationship to Industry Standards, and 5) Policies and Plans at State, National, and Federal Levels To Reduce SRC. Action strategies derived from the presentations and discussion described in these sectors were voted on subsequently for purposes of prioritization. The following proceedings include the knowledge and research shared by invited faculty, many of whom are health care providers and clinical investigators. The Summit II evidence-based action plan emphasizes the rapidly evolving scientific content of hockey SRC. It includes the most highly prioritized strategies voted on for implementation to decrease concussion. The highest-priority action items identified from the Summit include the following: 1) eliminate head hits from all levels of ice hockey, 2) change body checking policies, and 3) eliminate fighting in all amateur and professional hockey.]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00017http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/ACSM_Clinician_Profile.1.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00001http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2013/07000/ACSM_Clinician_Profile.1.aspx
No abstract available]]>Mon, 01 Jul 2013 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201307000-00001http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/It_is_NOT_the_Gastrocnemius,_Soleus,_or_Achilles.7.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00007http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Pelvic_Pain_from_Running,_Rhabdomyolysis_from.2.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00002http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2011/11000/Consortium_for_Health_and_Military_Performance_and.15.aspx
A potential emerging problem associated with increasingly popularized extreme conditioning programs (ECPs) has been identified by the military and civilian communities. That is, there is an apparent disproportionate musculoskeletal injury risk from these demanding programs, particularly for novice participants, resulting in lost duty time, medical treatment, and extensive rehabilitation. This is a significant and costly concern for the military with regard to effectively maintaining operational readiness of the Force. While there are certain recognized positive aspects of ECPs that address a perceived and/or actual unfulfilled conditioning need for many individuals and military units, these programs have limitations and should be considered carefully. Moreover, certain distinctive characteristics of ECPs appear to violate recognized accepted standards for safely and appropriately developing muscular fitness and are not uniformly aligned with established and accepted training doctrine. Accordingly, practical solutions to improve ECP prescription and implementation and reduce injury risk are of paramount importance.]]>Tue, 01 Nov 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201111000-00015http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Latest_Clinical_Research_Published_by_ACSM.3.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00003http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2012/09000/The_Barefoot_Debate___Can_Minimalist_Shoes_Reduce.14.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sat, 01 Sep 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201209000-00014http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Evidence_Supporting_the_Need_for_Bariatric_Surgery.11.aspx
Despite aims at prevention, obesity in the United States is now an epidemic. Along with the rise in obesity, the United States has experienced a concomitant rise in obesity-related comorbidities. Furthermore overweight and obesity present a major economic public health challenge. Physicians are likely to recommend weight loss to their overweight patients. Diet, exercise, and behavior modification are often effective during the course of treatment but are subject to recidivism and post-treatment weight gain. Obesity intervention mandates that providers consider the need for surgery in many cases. The three most commonly performed weight loss surgical procedures in the United States include gastric banding, gastric bypass, and sleeve gastrectomy. Patients undergoing surgery lose considerable amounts of excess weight and experience marked improvement in many other obesity-related comorbidities. Surgery is a proven therapy for patients who do not respond to less invasive measures and should be considered mainstream therapy in the treatment of the obesity epidemic.]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00011http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Jet_Lag_Modification.15.aspx
Athletes often are required to travel for sports participation, both for practice and competition. A number of those crossing multiple time zones will develop jet lag disorder with possible negative consequences on their performance. This review will discuss the etiology of jet lag disorder and the techniques that are available to shorten or minimize its effects. This includes both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches.]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00015http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Altitude_Illness.6.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00006http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2013/11000/Helmets_in_Sport___Fact_and_Fallacy.9.aspx
Abstract: Head injuries and the prevention of both the short-term and long-term consequences have received heightened awareness in recent years. Education and legislative efforts have promoted both appropriate treatment of concussion and pushed the use of helmets for protection from head injuries. Current scientific data would suggest that helmets are effective at decreasing the risk of serious head injuries. However there is no evidence to suggest that helmets are protective against concussive injuries or the long-term impact of repetitive head trauma.]]>Fri, 01 Nov 2013 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201311000-00009http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/01000/Piriformis_Syndrome___A_Cause_of_Nondiscogenic.12.aspx
Piriformis syndrome is a nondiscogenic cause of sciatica from compression of the sciatic nerve through or around the piriformis muscle. Patients typically have sciatica, buttocks pain, and worse pain with sitting. They usually have normal neurological examination results and negative straight leg raising test results. Flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the hip, Freiberg sign, Pace sign, and direct palpation of the piriformis cause pain and may reproduce symptoms. Imaging and neurodiagnostic studies are typically normal and are used to rule out other etiologies for sciatica. Conservative treatment, including medication and physiotherapy, is usually helpful for the majority of patients. For recalcitrant cases, corticosteroid and botulinum toxin injections may be attempted. Ultrasound and other imaging modalities likely improve accuracy of injections. Piriformis tenotomy and decompression of the sciatic nerve can be done for those who do not respond.]]>Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201501000-00012http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/11000/Effects_of_Excessive_Endurance_Activity_on_the.6.aspx
Regular moderate exercise confers many cardiovascular and health benefits. Because of this, endurance sports events have become very popular with participation increasing tremendously over the past few years. In conjunction with this increase in popularity and participation, people also have increased the amount that they exercise with many training for and competing in ultraendurance events such as ultradistance running events, iron distance triathlons, or multiday races. This excess endurance activity may appear to increase the risk of cardiac abnormalities, which may increase the risk for long-term morbidity or mortality. While it is known that moderate exercise has benefits to cardiovascular health, ultimately, the long-term cardiac effects of excessive endurance activity are unclear. What is clear, however, is that moderate exercise is beneficial, and to date, the evidence does not support recommending against physical activity.]]>Sat, 01 Nov 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201411000-00006http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2012/05000/Exercise_Equipment_Used_in_Microgravity__.10.aspx
Abstract: A variety of physiological changes are experienced by astronauts during both short- and long-duration space missions. These include space motion sickness, spatial disorientation, orthostatic hypotension, muscle atrophy, bone demineralization, increased cancer risk, and a compromised immune system. This review focuses on countermeasures used to moderate these changes, particularly exercise devices that have been used by National Aeronautics and Space Administration astronauts over the past six decades as countermeasures to muscle atrophy and bone loss. The use of these devices clearly has shown that a microgravity environment places unusual demands on both the equipment and the human users. While it is of paramount importance to overcome microgravity-induced musculoskeletal deconditioning, it also is imperative that the exercise system (i) is small and lightweight, (ii) does not require an external power source, (iii) produces 1g-like benefits to both bones and muscles, (iv) requires relatively short durations of exercise, and (v) does not affect the surrounding structure or environment negatively through noise and/or induced vibrations.]]>Tue, 01 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201205000-00010http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/01000/Top_Marathon_Performance___Interesting_Debate_and.2.aspx
No abstract available]]>Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201501000-00002http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/A_Case_of_Vasovagal_Syncope_in_a_Collegiate.8.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00008http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/09000/Obesity_and_Prognosis_in_Chronic_Diseases___Impact.15.aspx
No abstract available]]>Mon, 01 Sep 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201409000-00015http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Web_Alert.5.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00005http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/01000/Latest_Clinical_Research_Published_by_ACSM.3.aspx
No abstract available]]>Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201501000-00003http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Pain_Control_in_Austere_Settings.14.aspx
Sporting events, particularly “extreme” sports, are becoming increasingly more austere and thus further from readily available fixed facility medical care. The provider caring for acute injuries in these more remote locations will be faced with the need to treat pain in the injured athlete. This review provides a stepwise approach to safe and effective pain control in the austere environment.]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00014http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Asymptomatic_Left_Ventricular_Noncompaction__.9.aspx
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a poorly understood and much debated morphological abnormality of the left ventricular myocardium. Much of what is known about this cardiomyopathy derives from large referral centers in patients presenting with significant symptoms and advanced disease. Disease progression and outcomes for adult patients with incidentally found and asymptomatic LVNC have not been established yet. As such, there are currently no evidence-based recommendations on clinical follow-up or interventions. Since LVNC’s effect on athletic participation is unknown, there is insufficient evidence to support limiting athletic participation in low-risk individuals.]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00009http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/07000/Is_Rest_the_Best_Intervention_for_Concussion_.4.aspx
No abstract available]]>Tue, 01 Jul 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201407000-00004http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/05000/ACSM_Clinician_Profile.1.aspx
No abstract available]]>Thu, 01 May 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201405000-00001http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/07000/Why_Obesity_Should_Be_Treated_as_a_Disease.5.aspx
No abstract available]]>Tue, 01 Jul 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201407000-00005http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2011/09000/Foot_Injuries_in_Runners.6.aspx
Injuries of the foot are common among both elite and recreational runners. Overuse accounts for most of these injuries. Plantar fasciitis and tendinopathies of the midfoot and forefoot have a high incidence in running athletes. These injuries may present with significant pain but often resolve with rest and rehabilitation. Bone injuries caused by overuse also have a high prevalence among runners. The metatarsals, tarsal navicular, and sesamoids are most at risk for stress damage. Most running injuries are self-limited and pose little detriment if diagnosis is delayed. Navicular and sesamoid stress fractures may impart significant long-term consequences, and thus, a clinical suspicion of either fracture warrants definitive diagnosis and treatment. Barefoot running recently has garnered increased attention, but currently, there is a lack of prospective studies regarding its injury reduction.]]>Thu, 01 Sep 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201109000-00006http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2012/07000/Resistance_Training_is_Medicine___Effects_of.13.aspx
Inactive adults experience a 3% to 8% loss of muscle mass per decade, accompanied by resting metabolic rate reduction and fat accumulation. Ten weeks of resistance training may increase lean weight by 1.4 kg, increase resting metabolic rate by 7%, and reduce fat weight by 1.8 kg. Benefits of resistance training include improved physical performance, movement control, walking speed, functional independence, cognitive abilities, and self-esteem. Resistance training may assist prevention and management of type 2 diabetes by decreasing visceral fat, reducing HbA1c, increasing the density of glucose transporter type 4, and improving insulin sensitivity. Resistance training may enhance cardiovascular health, by reducing resting blood pressure, decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Resistance training may promote bone development, with studies showing 1% to 3% increase in bone mineral density. Resistance training may be effective for reducing low back pain and easing discomfort associated with arthritis and fibromyalgia and has been shown to reverse specific aging factors in skeletal muscle.]]>Sun, 01 Jul 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201207000-00013http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/01000/Web_Alert.5.aspx
No abstract available]]>Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201501000-00005http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2010/07000/Exercise_is_Medicine__A_Historical_Perspective.7.aspx
Much of the early information about exercise and medicine appeared in the ancient, medieval, and Renaissance medical literature in the context of the "six things nonnatural." These were the things that were under everyone's own control, directly influenced health, and became the central part of the new "physical education" movement in the early 19th century in the United States. They were known then as the "Laws of Health." Until the early 1900s, "physical education" was dominated by physicians who specialized in health and exercise. However, physical education changed to a games and sports curriculum led by coaches who introduced competition and athletic achievement into the classroom. As that happened, physicians disappeared from the profession. Through the last half of the twentieth century, as exercise became more central to public health, the medical community began to view exercise as part of lifestyle, a concept embracing what was once called the "six things nonnatural."]]>Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201007000-00007http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/05000/The_Effects_of_Stretching_on_Performance.12.aspx
Stretching long has been commonplace in the training programs of recreational and competitive athletes. Its role in performance enhancement has been debated. This review discusses the literature concerning the effects of static, dynamic, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on performance in three categories of sporting activity: strength- and power-dominant, speed- and agility-dominant, and endurance-dominant activities.]]>Thu, 01 May 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201405000-00012http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Exercise_Collapse_Associated_with_Sickle_Cell.13.aspx
Sickle cell trait (SCT) has been associated with exertional collapse (ECAST) and exercise-related sudden death in athletes and military warfighters. The mechanisms underlying ECAST remain controversial in the sports medicine community. Multiple case presentations and anecdotal reports postulate the role of extraordinary exercise intensity, but other risk factors including dehydration, heat, previous exertional rhabdomyolysis, genetic cofactors, and dietary supplements have been cited as potential contributors. Others have hypothesized some of the aforementioned factors combining in a “perfect storm” to trigger ECAST with a resultant potentially fatal “metabolic crisis.” This case report provides a brief review of SCT as it pertains to exercise in warfighters and athletes, identifies known and postulated risk factors associated with ECAST, and introduces the potential mechanistic role of the “double hit” as a contributor to ECAST.]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00013http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2012/11000/Bone_Health_in_Endurance_Athletes___Runners,.14.aspx
Weight-bearing exercise has been recognized widely to be beneficial for long-term bone health. However inherent differences in bone-loading characteristics and energy expenditure during participation in endurance sports place many endurance athletes at a relative disadvantage with regard to bone health compared with other athletes. Adolescents and adults who participate in endurance sports, such as running, and non-weight-bearing sports, such as biking and swimming, often have lower bone mineral density (BMD) than athletes participating in ball and power sports, and sometimes their BMD is lower than their inactive peers. Low BMD increases the risk of stress and fragility fractures, both while an athlete is actively competing and later in life. This article reviews the variable effects of distance running, cycling, swimming, and triathlons on bone health; the evaluation of stress and fragility fractures; and the diagnosis, management, and prevention of low BMD in endurance athletes.]]>Thu, 01 Nov 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201211000-00014http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/07000/Eating_Disorders_in_Female_Athletes___Use_of.9.aspx
Screening female athletes for eating disorders is not performed commonly even though the American College of Sports Medicine, National Athletic Trainer Association, and International Olympic Committee have guidelines recommending screening. Eating disorders are more prevalent in the female athlete population than in the general population and carry short-term and long-term consequences that can affect sport performance. There are several screening tools available that have been studied in the general population and fewer tools that were validated specifically in female athletes. Female athletes with eating disorder pathology often have different factors and environmental pressures contributing to their pathology that can be identified best with an athlete-specific screening tool. We will discuss various screening tools available and the evidence for each one. Screening for eating disorders in all female athletes is an important part of the preparticipation examination and should be done using a tool specifically validated for the female athlete.]]>Tue, 01 Jul 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201407000-00009http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/01000/Concussion_in_the_Absence_of_Head_Impact___A_Case.6.aspx
No abstract available]]>Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201501000-00006http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2012/05000/Exertional_Heat_Stroke___New_Concepts_Regarding.6.aspx
Abstract: When athletes, warfighters, and laborers perform intense exercise in the heat, the risk of exertional heat stroke (EHS) is ever present. The recent data regarding the fatalities due to EHS within the confines of organized American sport are not promising: during the past 35 years, the highest number of deaths in a 5-year period occurred from 2005 to 2009. This reminds us that, regardless of the advancements of knowledge in the area of EHS prevention, recognition, and treatment, knowledge has not been translated into practice. This article addresses important issues related to EHS cause and care. We focus on the predisposing factors, errors in care, physiology of cold water immersion, and return-to-play or duty considerations.]]>Tue, 01 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201205000-00006http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/01000/Overtraining_Syndrome_in_the_Athlete___Current.13.aspx
Competitive athletes are pushed routinely to the limits of their physical abilities. When tempered with periods of rest and recovery, a highly demanding training schedule can have tremendous benefits. However when an athlete is pushed too far, overtraining syndrome (OTS) can develop and result in career-ending damage. Overreaching and overtraining are part of the same spectrum that can lead to OTS. The pressure to perform placed on elite athletes is a real danger. Athletes and coaches understand the importance of rest days, but the insidious onset of OTS slowly saps the efficacy of recovery times so the athlete is no longer able to reach previously attainable goals. Identifying markers that correlate with overreaching and overtraining can arrest progression of a potentially negative cycle. We will examine the current literature and discuss possible screening tests and red flags that will assist in preventing OTS from occurring.]]>Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201401000-00013http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/The_Lost_Art_of_Whole_Blood_Transfusion_in_Austere.16.aspx
Abstract: The optimal resuscitation fluid for uncontrolled bleeding and hemorrhagic shock in both pre- and in-hospital settings has been an ongoing controversy for decades. Hemorrhage continues to be a major cause of death in both the civilian and military trauma population, and survival depends on adequacy of hemorrhage control and resuscitation between onset of bleeding and arrival at a medical treatment facility. The terms far-forward and austere are defined, respectively, as the environment where professional health care providers normally do not operate and a setting in which basic equipment and capabilities necessary for resuscitation are often not available. The relative austerity of a treatment setting may be a function of timing rather than just location, as life-saving interventions must be performed quickly before hemorrhagic shock becomes irreversible. Fresh whole blood transfusions in the field may be a feasible life-saving procedure when facing significant hemorrhage.]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00016http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2010/09000/An_Overview_of_Strength_Training_Injuries__Acute.14.aspx
This article introduces the history of strength training, explains the many different styles of strength training, and discusses common injuries specific to each style. Strength training is broken down into five disciplines: basic strength or resistance training, bodybuilding, power lifting, style-dependant strength sports (e.g., strongman competitions, Highland games, field events such as shot put, discus, hammer throw, and javelin), and Olympic-style weightlifting. Each style has its own principal injuries, both acute and chronic, related to the individual technique. Acute injuries should be further categorized as emergent or nonemergent. Specific age-related populations (i.e., the very young and the aging athlete) carry additional considerations.]]>Wed, 01 Sep 2010 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201009000-00014http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2011/07000/Review_of_the_Role_of_Exercise_in_Improving.11.aspx
The use of exercise for improving health has been the subject of research for several decades. Studies have shown unequivocally that exercise is beneficial for preventing and/or treating numerous medical conditions. With the U.S. population increasing in age, use of exercise to ameliorate the effect of illnesses related to aging is therefore of great potential value. Despite this information, most members of the population do not incorporate physical activity into their daily routine. Because aging often is associated with diminished quality of life, we reviewed the literature to assess whether exercise is of value in maintaining a person's functional capacity as he or she ages. Available data suggest a positive relationship between higher levels of fitness and higher functional state/improved quality of life, both in healthy individuals and in those experiencing specific ailments commonly seen in an aging population.]]>Fri, 01 Jul 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201107000-00011http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2015/03000/Using_Lifestyle_Medicine_in_U_S__Health_Care_to.10.aspx
More than one-third of Americans are classified as obese. Many clinicians perform bariatric surgery (BSx) when it is said that lifestyle intervention failed. However, BSx is medically complex, with extremely variable success, certain failures, major complications, and sometimes death. Although many studies declare BSx as more effective for producing weight loss than nonsurgical lifestyle management, these conclusions are flawed when lifestyle management between cohorts are not identical. Lifestyle behavior change is essential to success for both surgical and nonsurgical weight loss, as over 50% of BSx patients regain weight without lifestyle modification. Indeed, programs that include self-reward and reinforcement are extremely effective. It is therefore possible that successful BSx is simply an intrinsic reward for an intensive change in lifestyle behavior. Accounting for the costs and risks associated with BSx, providing state and federal resources for lifestyle behavior change programs could provide a key opportunity for the war against obesity.]]>Sun, 01 Mar 2015 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201503000-00010http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/07000/ACSM_Clinician_Profile.1.aspx
No abstract available]]>Tue, 01 Jul 2014 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201407000-00001http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2014/01000/Is_Chronic_Traumatic_Encephalopathy_a_Real.10.aspx
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) has received widespread media attention and is treated in the lay press as an established disease, characterized by suicidality and progressive dementia. The extant literature on CTE is reviewed here. There currently are no controlled epidemiological data to suggest that retired athletes are at increased risk for dementia or that they exhibit any type of unique neuropathology. There remain no established clinical or pathological criteria for diagnosing CTE. Despite claims that CTE occurs frequently in retired National Football League (NFL) players, recent studies of NFL retirees report that they have an all-cause mortality rate that is approximately half of the expected rate, and even lower suicide rates. In addition, recent clinical studies of samples of cognitively impaired NFL retirees have failed to identify any unique clinical syndrome. Until further controlled studies are completed, it appears to be premature to consider CTE a verifiable disease.]]>Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201401000-00010http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2011/11000/Head_Injuries,_Heading,_and_the_Use_of_Headgear_in.7.aspx
Soccer has more than 265 million players around the world and is the only contact sport with purposeful use of the head for controlling and advancing the ball. Head contact in soccer has the potential to cause acute traumatic brain injury including concussion or, potentially, a pattern of chronic brain injury. Although early retrospective research on the effects of soccer heading seemed to suggest that purposeful heading may contribute to long-term cognitive impairment, prospective controlled studies do not support this and, in fact, suggest that purposeful heading may not be a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Headgear has not been shown to be effective in reducing ball impact but may be helpful in reducing the force of non-ball-related impacts to the head. There are concerns that universal use of headgear may cause more aggressive heading and head challenges, leading to increased risk of injury.]]>Tue, 01 Nov 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201111000-00007http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2011/05000/Traumatic_Retinal_Tear_in_a_Basketball_Player.6.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 May 2011 00:00:00 GMT-05:0000149619-201105000-00006http://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2012/01000/Latest_Clinical_Research_Published_by_ACSM.3.aspx
No abstract available]]>Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT-06:0000149619-201201000-00003