The processes of both the increase in number and the increase in mass of bacteria. The net growth in a population of bacteria (Fig. 1) depends on its ability to produce new biomass, to produce new cells incorporating that biomass, and to survive under the extant environmental conditions. Because the difficulty of each of these challenges will typically change over time, bacterial growth generally progresses cyclically through different phases. Bacteria have evolved physiological processes that help them to survive the environmental stresses that they encounter, and scientists have identified some of the genetic mechanisms underlying these processes. See also: Bacteria; Bacterial genetics; Bacterial physiology and metabolism; Bacteriology; Microbiology

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