Emergency hospital visits more common among most deprived bowel cancer patients

Bowel cancer patients living in the most deprived areas have up to 13 percent higher proportions of emergency hospital admissions before a diagnosis than patients living in the least deprived areas, according to a study funded by Cancer Research UK.

The researchers, based at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and at UCL, analyzed hospital admissions data for around 65,000 patients diagnosed with bowel cancer between 2011-2013 in the first study of its kind in the UK.

The research, published today in the British Journal of Cancer, reveals that among the 8,681 patients who died between three and 12 months after a diagnosis, around two thirds (5,809) had an emergency hospital visit before dying. This was around 5 percent higher among those from more deprived backgrounds.

Almost four in 10 (24,522) bowel cancer patients in the study overall had at least one emergency hospital visit in the three months before their diagnosis. But nearly half (46 percent) of the most deprived patients experienced this, compared to a third (33 percent) of the least deprived.

“We know that cancer patients from poorer areas are more likely to have emergency visits to hospital in the weeks before their diagnosis, but we found that this also happens after diagnosis. The results are puzzling, as treatment and follow-up are not meant to differ,” said Francisco Rubio, MD, a lead author from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

“We can’t tell why this is happening from our research alone, but this study shows us that there are problems which further research needs to look at to pinpoint answers. It may be that information to help people recognize the signs and symptoms of bowel cancer aren’t reaching more deprived groups. After the diagnosis there could be social factors at play, for example a lack of a support network to care for the patients.”

Those who were diagnosed through the bowel screening program had a lower proportion of emergency hospital visits after a diagnosis than those who were diagnosed through other routes.

“When symptoms are picked up quickly and bowel cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, 9 in 10 patients survive but when it is detected in the late stages, survival falls to 1 in 10,” said Sara Hiom, director of early diagnosis at Cancer Research UK.

“Research like this is helping us find out how we can make improvements for people from more deprived groups who most need support. The NHS has been trying to reduce unplanned hospital visits for many years, so this is a challenge that the Department of Health & Social Care needs to factor into their plans if they want to reduce health inequalities and increase the number of free hospital beds. Improved access to, and availability of, GPs could help,” she continued.

Hiom also noted, “Bowel cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the UK but because the symptoms, such as stomach pain, are often shared with problems such as IBS, it can sometimes be hard to spot. That’s why it’s really important for people to consider taking part in the bowel screening program when invited; this can spot the disease before symptoms appear. This study shows that people diagnosed through screening are less likely to have an emergency hospital visit.”