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VOL. III. MANNING. C LARENDON COUNTY, S. C., WEDNESDAY, MAY 25, 1887. NO. 23,
SOME DARK TEACINUS.
~LATATION NMI1T SCHOOL FOl
NEGROES BEFORE THE WAlR.
Some Entertaining Recollections of th
Times Before the Civil War.
(From New York Commercial .dveriscr.
Asiswellknown, it was held to b
against good policy in the South, in th
old days, that the slaves should be taugb
to read. To teach them was, in fact
prohibited by law in most of the States
It would be an error to suppose, how
ever, that none of them were so taught
For the master of the plantation was, h
many ways, an absolute monarch-vcr;
farm a sort of kingdom-and thesi
potentates chose to judge for themselve
how strict should be their obedience t(
general laws, how far they would allov
themselves to be controlled by the Legis
lature in the internal economy of thei
little principalities.
Southern planters were in the harbit o
having such of their slaves taught t<
read as they chose-law or no law. I
myself, at the age of twelve, was princi
pal of a school consisting of half a doze
of mine and others' slaves; and some ac
count of my methods may interest th<
teachers, professors and other literati o:
our day.
The object of the school was the high
est possible. Indeed, it was not i
school, nor even a college; it was a theo
logical seminary. All my pupils wer<
preparmg for the ministry.
To this day I remember vith prid<
how thoroughly unsectarian was my in
struction. I made no effort to bull thos
slaves into accepting my dogmas, a
proof of which I offer the fact thai
whereas I was then, as now, a sturdi
upholder of Episcopalianism, every on(
of my graduates turned Baptist.
I held my school in the kitchen aftei
supper. My pupils sat in a row on z
bench, one of tueir number holing
aloft a spluttering torch of fat pine. 11
gave a strong if unsteady light; but wa
subject to this drawback: Being held
near the head of whosoever happened tc
be reading, it is more than probable thal
by overheating one lobe of the brain the
symmetrical development of that orgar
was marred.
That, however, did not much di'turl
us, seeing that neith- r they nor I werE
awrre that we carried lobes of any kind
concealed about our persons.
From time to time, too, as the torcl
was passed up and down the line, drops oJ
burning tar fell upon the hands, armt
and necks of my students, tuverting
their attention, nay, causing thenm az
times to dance up and down the iloor.
Even so, a philosopher looking on might
have dimly perceived how fairly geod
and il are distributed, on the whole, im
this best of all possible worlds, for the
cook and her scullion, seeing thest
young theologians capering and sucking
the pitch from their rugged fists, gave
forth peal after peal of free and joi on
laughter, so that things averaged ui
pretty well, after all.
This was not a free seminary-fai
from it. My patrons were drawn iron
among the most substantial citizens oi
the plantation. They were able to pa3
and I made them pay. No student o:
divinity could keep a seat on that bencl
without bringing me at the close of cadl
month a dozen new laid eggs, worth, a1
that time, 12k cents; so that eighi
months' tuition cost exactly $1. Prepay
ing was not insisted on. Yet I canno1
recall that on this account I was ever the
loser by even an egg. As I .mysel:
raised chickens, I was very glad, too,
when hens were dilatory in their laying
to let an account run over and receive ai
the close of two months a young pullet
My wages were sweet-laugh not y<
professors pufled up with fat salaries, y'
school principals rolling in luxury!
My discipline was that of those be:
nighted days. The rod then prevailec
throughout the length and breadth o:
the land, nor do I believe my clas
would have valued my instruction at ai
egg shell, even had I abolished it. Bu
such a thought could not have occurrei
to a lad who had not thought it strang<
when his own teacher, having asked hin
if he was ready with his Virgil, and h<
replied, "not yet," had received thre<
floggings. The first for not knowing th<
Virgil, the two following (with interval:
of rest for the teacher) for not crying
So they stumbled along through thei:
tasks, Ikept up the circulation in thei
backs and shoulders. Neither they no:
I would have heard without astonish
ment that there was any other way o
stimulating diligence or quickening thi
brain. I suppose, however, that m:
.thrahings could not have been ver;
severe, for I remember that they wer'
the occasion of great hilarity. This wa
especially the case when it came to th
turn of Joe Nelson to recite. ,Joe was:
famous stutterer. He was my youngest
pupil, a broad shouldered carpenter, 2
years of age. He was exceeding~ly con
ceited and not a little vain-conceited
to his intellectual gifts and vain of hi
fascinations with the plantation damasels
These qualities, however, did not pre
vent him from being a thoroughly gooc
fellow, and he and I were devoted
friends as long as he lived. But m;
affection for him did not save his bacj
from one single stroke of the peach tre
shoot upon which I tightened my gras:
as soon as he opened tire. My way wa
not to wait till the close of a session an<
then mete out the sum total of merite<
castigation. In my seminary justice dii
not limp. At every trip there came
rap. Punishment trod upon the heele
of error.
What made it specially hard on po'.
Joe was that I could not see my wayt
allowing him to stutter through a reas
Ithought it my duty to encourag
him to discard this habit. I am afniid
erred, but I meant well; at any rate
livelier theological school never adorne
the earth.
A number of my students becan
ministers in good standing. Some<
their views on mere morals, it is trui
were at variance 4with those common]
professed by us of the Caucaian rae<
butlItrust this will not be laid at m1
door. For neither Xenophon nor Plai
would ever allow the sins of Alcibiad<
t, he +raced tn the tachings of Socrate
Then, too, ii must be remembered to m;
credit that they were ever found wit,
their faces set as liint when there wa
question as to the funcnamental tenets C
the theology of their day. No one sha]
ever sa. that Gilbert ranked dancin
other than as an unpardonable sin, o
that Isaac ever held out hope of etern
wealth to the abandoned wretch whi
found comfort in whistling a jig or pat
a ting Juba. that rhythmic memory 0
a Africa's sunny strand.
t Poor Joe never cntered the ministry
He built houses instead. My father se
him frce before the war. At the clos<
of that struggle he was not long in feel
ing that his genius did not find suflicien
scope in fitting joists and nailing oi
shingles. He became a candidate fo:
the Legislature, but before he coul
know the joys of victory or the pangs o
defeat he died. I h id nUt seen him fo
years, but I feel that the world is no
5 quite so bright for me as it would b
> were this old friend of my youth stil
among men. To the last, even after ]
was a man, he said that in his opiniot
he was my equal in natural capacity, ani
I am the last man in the world to dis
pute the proposition or to bear him f
grudge for maintaining it. That he was
not lacking in the instinct of historica
criticism the following story will show
One day, years after he had been my
pupil, as I sat reading in our library,
Joe entered and asked me to lend him z
book.
"What kind of a book do you want,
Joe?"'
"Well, M-m-m-marse Jack, I've beer
a thinkin' I should 1-1-like to read a his
tory book."
"All right!" and I began running my
eyes along the shelves. Hume's, Ma
caulay's Gibbon's, Rollin's, would they
suit Joe? Just then my eyes fell upor
a large illustrated edition of "Robinsor
Crusoe." I handed it to him with a steady
hand and unblushing countenance.
He took 1t with many thanks and de
parted. A month or so afterward he
dropped in again.
"Marse J-J-Jack, ain't histories a kind
of book what tells the truth."
I could not help smiling at the sim
plicity of the question. I then explained
to him, as l'st I could, that historic,
were often full of untruths touching
things which had happened, while fiction
was often cqually full of truths as to
events that had never occurred. Robin
son Crusoe, I explained, was fiction, but
a man so situated would have worn goat
skin trousers, talked to his parrot, or
shot any cannibals that might have en
deavored to roast and devour him. As
I went on explaining a brighter and
brighter light came into honest Joe',
eves, and at last he exclaimed: "Well, I
kep' readin' and readin' and studvin'an(
studyin', and at last I began to sort o
mistrust that some o' them things warn't
true."
EARTUOUAKES ARE COMMON.
We Have Always Had Them and May Ex
pect Many More.
From the New York Tribune.)
An educator who has given muc
study to earthquakes and volcanoes i
Professor John K. Rees, of Columbia
college. He is a stoutly built man o.
perhaps thirty-five, with a round and
chubby face, a black mustache and more
the air of a business man than a student.
Talking with me in the Lincoln National
Bank the other day, he remarked that ir
a long series of years each section of the
country was visited by about the same
average number of earthquake shocks.
"The reason any new shock appears
phenomenal is because the people forget
the former ones," said the professor.
"We have kept records of shocks in
New England and the Middle States, and
find that they come year in and year oui
with about the same regularity. The
shock that are being reported from the
west appear phenomenal to the peopli
out there because they have no records
back of a period of forty or fifty years,
and within that period have forgotter
occurrences of the same kind or hav<
failed to record them. If some old mine:
is alive whose memory runs back of fit'
years he can tell them. As to the vol
canic phenomenon in Arizona I have n<
knowledge except from the newspapers.
The evidences of old volcanic eruptions
exist all along the mountain ranges ir
Arizona, New Mexico, Utah and Nevads
up to Oregon. I believe they are mnos1
numerous in Nevada."
When asked what the relative effec1
would be on New-York city of a shoc]
like that experiencel by Charleston
Professor Rlees replied in substance: "Ii
loss of life and property I should say
the disaster would be a hundred foli
greater. There is so much more prop
erty and so many more people in a smnal
compass in this eity that the results
would be greater in proportion. Build
ings 12 this city are run u oeomu
heights, vwith great sheet iron facings
The streets, especially in the lower par
of the city, during the day time, are
Scrowded with people, and the falling o:
S these decorative parts of structure:
would be exceedingly disastrous to lif
Sand iimb. The fact that New Torl
tbuilding is mostly done on rock founda
z ion andl that nearly all the great strue
~tures are put together with Portlani
s cement instead of mortar might save the
s destruction of much valuable property
but all the cheaply built structures woul<
sufder Teuidnse of Portland cement ha
madlye buildng so solid that they ca.
onlybe orndown by the use of explo
Ssives. Even in such structures an earth
quake like that at Charleston woul<
Sbreak the window caps and lintels, an<
Pprove very destructive."
Resources of Rtusia.
3. The understanding of people in gener
a al is that Rlussia, head over heels i
. debt, finds it diflicult to raise money ta
keep the wheels of government moving
r The histor.y of the most recent attemp
0 at St. Petersburg to raise money die
1 proves this and indicates quite a difle:
ent state of facts. It was at first prc
'e posed that the new popular loan shoul
:)be about $30,000,000. Subscription
a w'.ere call for, and con the 12th ult. it wa
d ainnouueed that ten times the sum rI
muired had been otrered. Three day
e !ater dispatches from St. Petersbur
> stated that the enormous sum of $1,200,
3, 00,000( had been offered, and that th
yv government would take only 860,000,
mi0. It is worthy of being noted the
y simultaneously with this loan rumorsc
;owarlike nature are heard and that
as -ar feeling not previously existing:
FA1 M TOPICS FOR THE MONTH.
suggestions to I'armiers who Wish to Make
Faring Prolitable.
.1 A distinguished poet has made a cer
g tain young lady quite famous by having
r her on a particular occasion to sing:
.J "If you're waking, call me early, call me
> early, mother dear;
- For I'm to be Queen o' May, mother,
f I'm to be Queen o' tle May."
There is not much poetry, and even
less romance, about it; but all the same
t the farmer has to be called early and to
stay late at his farm work for the next
- three months if he has any hope or ex
t pectation of succeeding at his calling.
We know of no task-master more exact
r in- and uncomproiajsing than the aver
age cotton and coru crop. Worked prop
erlv and the husbandman will reap his
rinard Just as long as the rainbow hangs
in the heavens or the promise of seed
time and harvest remain; mismanaged
and poorly executed work, and disap
pointment and failure are sure to follow.
Early and properly executed work on
the crop, to many people, seems, as far
as all outward appearances go, as being
quite simple and easy, and they put this
down as one of things about farm life
that they are very familiar with, and that
they thoroughly understand.
When to strike, how to strike, and
where to strike is the veni, vidi, vici of
the farmer, and in our judgment it is the
keystone to success or of failure; it is
th; dividing- line between the clodhopper
and the intelligent farmer. You may
well call this month the middle station
in the year's work. The crops are all
planted and cultivation is about to begin
if the preparation and planting has been
thoroughly done; then the most trouble
some half of making a crop is over with.
The army is in the field; the ammuni
nition is all distributed; the guns are
unlimbered, and if the General handles
the troops advantageously victory is as
sured; if he does not, General Green
will possess the land; he will come, he
will see, and he will conquer.
Suppose you were to see a so-called
planter giving one of his tenants a pack
age of calomel, opium, quinine and a
lancet-the Lcur great agents in physic
telling him at the same time to go down
and see what he could do for a sick
neighbor; if the sick man died, would
you say the medicine failed?
We see, year by year, owners of the
soil giving men they call tenants land,
mules, ploughs, guano, tools and seeds,
and saying go down into my farm or
plantation, and when I come again have
my rent ready.
When vou consider this matter in
all seriousness and candor, are you sur
prised that the patient-the land-is
killed, and this false tenantry system has
ruined thousands and thousands of acres
of Southern land?
Anan who proposed to go to a dis
tant State to oversee went to Mr. Dick
son and a.sked for a receipt to farm. He
replied: "It is hard to transfer knowl
edge, and much harder to transfer art
and judgment; my plan is to follow the
laws th-t govern the universe. Plants
ad animals, when assisted with art and
I judgment, never will fail. This is the
science of agriculture. Study bad prac
tice as well as good, and learn of the
latter the errors, that you iaay avoid
them. Read books until you become
so perfect in theory and in the use of
tools and manure that you will have
confidence and the nerve to act and act
at once-not lose time running about to
your neighbors to see when to do a thing
and how to do it. Do not allow frost or
wet or dry weather to cause you to
doubt or dally. Fortify yourself with
books before you begin; such books as
will teach you everything necessary to
your success, and do not forget that you
can learn something from almost every
profession. Book farming means for
the farmer just what book learning does
for the lawyer, merchant or physician.
You must read and study, not onliy agri
cultural books, but all books that will
apply in any way to that profession.
You~'need the knowledge of a general to
enable you to discipline your laborers to
come to time, to move all at once, to
know when to charge and when to re
treat. You need the knowledge of a
banker, when your money is made to
know how to invest it. You want the
knowledge of a bookkeeper, that you
may keep your accounts correctly. In
this many farmers fail; they fool them
selves, not knowing how to keep debtor
and creditor accounts, get in debt and
become bankrupts before they are aware
of it. You must have some knowledge
of mechanics and machinery in order to
use them. If the farmer is ignorant,
how can he instruct the laborer? You
should have even a sunficient knowledge
of law to know how to keep out of the
courts. You should have som'e knowl
edge of commerce and trade, for you
have to buy and sell.
-"How is all this to be acquired? By
treading and hard study, and making an
application of the knowledge acquired.
-Knowledge is power in agriculture as
Swell as other things. And how are you
to get knowledge? Only by reading,
study and application. With knowledge
von can use the hand as well as the
tongue more ef'ectively.
"The three great essentials are: First.
The theory ttrue plan) of farming.
Second. The art of controling labor and
executing all work to the best advantage
swith least labor. Third. Last and best,
success depends on a quick perception,
-wise judgment that seldom or never errs.
How is this to be acquired, except by
use of books in conjunction with prac
"In conclusion, to succed you not
only must be superior to your lborers,
but you must be so far ahead of them
.that they shall know that your plans are
a wise, easy to put in practice and certain
of success. TIhen they will follow you
.in a charge, as good sokhiers will the best
~of General. Tfhe laborer must have con
. ndence in the man who directs. How
are all these qualilieations secured?
.Through books, hard study, observation
a and practice." D. P. D~uxc..
Vitalit' of Great Menu
Is not always innate or born with
s them, but many instances are known
gwhere it has been acquired by the per
sistent and judicious usc of Dr. Harter's
e iron Tonic.
t if a razor, after exposure to the cold, be
placed under a magnifying glass, the edge
a sem like a saw. Dipping it in hot water
t throws the litle particles back into place,
SWUIRN To LAY A 110ST.
THE LOVE LANE SPOOK AGAIN
MAKES ITS APPEARANCE.
The Uncanny labituae of a Cemetery Who
Once Made an: ged Darkey Fiddle for a
)evil's )ance Comes Forth and Scares
Folks.
(Fromn the New York star.)
Once again spooks have made their
debut in Love Lane, and the supersti
tious citizens, particularly those of the
colorado maduro brand, who reside
within the bailiwicks of New Utrecht
and West Flatbush, L. I., near the
southwestcrn border of Greenwood
Cemetery. and who aru compeiled to
pass that marble city after dark, never
consider themselves in full dress unless
they have a pocketful of brick or wear
carbines with dlues like water mains.
If the neighboring darkeys are to be
believed, the spook can only be seen at
midnight. At a recent meeting of the
New Utretch Watermelon Coterie, Pan
try and Vestry, held near Farmer Ber
ry's chicken preserve, eight of the mem
bers testified that they had timed the
spectre by their watches. One of the
secretaries, who is assistant organist and
plays the chimes in the local colored
church, and whose word is fully as good
as his bond, said that he was the only
man in the club whose watch was fit for
anything but a tobacco box, as it was the
only one that contained any intestines,
but that the others had the time of the
appearance of the spook down fine. He
was with the others when they saw the
spirit, and they all got so frightened that
his watch stopped. He said that he was
the first man home that night, as the
others forgot where they lived.
It is a difficult task to make the aver
age colored citizen of the King's county
towns believe that the present spook is
not the same that is said to have appear
ed to the oldest of them in their younger
days. Love Lane, which borders the
Greenwood fence, has a legend to this
effect: Long, long ago an aged darkey,
who had been performing as an execu
tive orchestra at a husking bee in Gowa
nus, was returning home during the dis
mal hours of the morning. He had
nearly reached the old toll gate, when
Satan climbed over the fence or through
it, and compelled the aged fiddler to
play for him. The orchestra turned
pale inch by inch, and his hair visibly
unkinked, until his hat looked as if it
were built on stilts, but still he was com
pelled to scrape away for dear life.
When his Satanic majesty had his savage
breast sufficiently soothed he wound up
the matinee by dancing a breakdown,
and, dashing his hoof against a near by
bowider, disappeared in a spiral cloud
of sulphurous smoke.
The stone is there yet, and the hoof
print is still an awe-inspiring sight to
the children and many of the older peo
ple of the towns. The weird and hair
erecting stone is shunned after dark, and
there are many who will tell you that
his Majesty holds picnics there at about
this season every year. He never ap
pears in winter or suniaer, probably
because of his aversion to extreme cold
or diluted heat. It is a shuddery spot,
to say the least.
Wthin the past few weeks the spook
has reappeared on the scene of its old
time orgies, and has been seen by several
citizens whose words can be relied upon,
although they take no stock in the super
natural. A well known resident of the
Eighth ward, whose place of business is
near the Fifth avenue entrance to
Greenwood, saw the vision one night1
last week. He was driving past the
Fort Hamilton avenue entrance to the
cemetery when the spectre showed up,
causing his horse to shy. The spook
appeared to come directly through the
fence, in which there was no opening.
It passed immediately in front of the~
horse, which suddenly stopped and re
fused to budge. The gentleman risked
a shot at it. The discharge was greeted
with a hollow, chuckling laugh, and the
gentleman started his horse on a dead
run toward home. He says that the
figure or whatever it might have been
had a dark cloak on and wore horna.
William Pye, who was formerly a
stockholder under the old fashioned
track sheds in the gin and tansy days of
the turf, but who is now a junk numais
matist through the country towns, is
emphatic in his assertion that he has
seen the spook on several occasions. He
remembers the old legend of Love Lane,
and says he can bring scores of citizens
who have since indulged in involuntary
introductions to his spookship. Numer
ous other residents of the neighborhood
are willing to itestify to a like encounter.
A resident of Windsor terrace in West
Flatbush also saw the "thing," and says
that it was garbed in black, wore horns
and had hoofs. He says that he was re
turning home the other night and when
near the "DLevil's Stone' the vision ap
peared1 to rise up out of the ground im
mediately in front of him.
"I was almost scared to death," he
said, "but plucking up courage I threw
a stone at it. The stone went clear
through it and I could see the hole it
made."
This last assertion may be something
of an exaggeration due to fright as the
gentleman admits he was so scared that
he lost his hat and was in such a hurry
that he didn't stop to pick it up.
A South Brooklyn florist whose busi
ness interests in tIhe cemetery will not
permit of his name being used said:
"There's something strange on the
other end of the cemetery, but I can't
explain it. I've seen it myself, and so
have a numb~er of my friends. I think
possibly it is somebody who is endeavor
ng to play a prank on the weak-minded.
A party of us are going to solve the mat
ter some night this week, and we expect
,ome fun. lI it is a spirit it will stand
ao chance with us as we are used to
-irits. Yes, I have heard of the Devil's
.tode and the legion connected with it.
Who hasn't? We always let the stone
have the road all to ~itself after dark
when I was a boy."
Lively times are ahead for the spook
when the party, which will be composed
Af a number of Eighth ward politicians
and business men, make the proposed
raid some night this week.
Many of the dressy new hats and bon
nets ae trimmed entirely with ribbon.
BILL ARP' TALKS.
Ills Views on Slavery--Judge Hiran
Warner.
(From the New York Tribune.)
A quaint and pleasant talker of the ol
school is Major Smith-"Bill Arp"-oj
Atlanta, Ga., who was here the othei
day to deliver a lecture. The Major wa.
a slaveholder in his younger days, hav
ing received three families of negroes,
some twelve persons in all, as the wed
ding portion of his wife. In talkine
about the slave question. he said: "Thi
talk that the South lost $100,U0O,000 by
the emancipation proclamation is a.1
nonsense. I am prepared to show that
the South did not lose a dollar. In all
my experience as a slave-owner, if I
ever made a dollar by their labor I dc
not know it. We got their labor in ex
change for their food and their clothing,
the rearing of the young and caring foi
the old. We get their labor for the same
price now without having the burden of
responsibility for the young and the
aged and the sick. We used to pay their
doctors' bills; now they pay their own.
The difference is already seen from the
fact that many men are accumulating
wealth through the employment of ne
groes who never got ahead a dollar in
the slave days, although they were own
ers of many slaves."
In chatting about Northern men
Major Smith remarked that many North
ern men had gone into the South to
make their homes there during the
slavery period who attained distinction.
Among others he cited Judge Hiram
Warner, a native of Vermont, who oc
eupied the highest judicial position in
the State of Georgia on the bench of
the Supreme Court for thirty-seven
years. "It is a curious phase of human
nature," said Major Smith, "that as old
age comes creeping on the incidents and
scenes of boyhood come impressively to
the mind. It was so with Judge War
ner. I remember talking with him in
his old days, when he told me he was
going to Vermont to see again the green
hills and the wooded slopes and the trout
streams and the trees under which he
basked in his boyhood days. He be
came a part of the South, but he had
not forgotten his old home in the
North."
Chat With the Ladies.
Pompadour silks are recommended for
dress frocks for young girls.
The safest colors for cheap portieres
are olive-green and brick red.
Wide Directoire revers appear on many
f the imported French frocks.
Apple green and chestnut bronze is a
olor combination favored in Paris.
Short backs and long front tabs are
the distinguishing marks of new wraps.
Long flots of ribbon give decorative
effect to black and colored lace over
dresses.
India silks and foulards will be the
rivals of China silks and pongees this
season.
We have taken note of some children's
:oilets which struck us as particularly
tasteful.
Combination costumes are not so much
worn as usual. Silk is made up by itself
and woolens also.
Thin silks mixed with tulle and lisle
or evening wear are very popular addi
ions to a summer wardrobe.
The favorite color for graduation
owns are rose, blue, Nile green, and, of
ourse, heliotrope.
Indoors little girls wear frocks in the
hape of a pelisse, loose and straight in
ront. and completed at the back by a
lait in the skirt let in between -two
sams. A silk cord or ribbon sash goes
ound the waist.
Fine woolen tissues are streaked with
ilk or a lighter shade, forming stripes
r squares, and a small pattern of silk
lots, clover leaves, or small flowerets of
ilk, imitating embroidery relief, is scat
tred all over upon~ the dark ground.
Extremely pretty capotes for the
pring are composed of birds' wings.
Sometimes the wings are dyed of all
olors; sometimes they are left of their
wn natural tint; they cover the capote
lmost entirely, with the exception of a
small puffing of silk or crape at the
ack.
Some of the new wool novelties have
woolen grounds in light or dark shades
f pure colors, on which in high relief
re lines of plush and frise flower de
signs in natural colors and realistic to a
egree in treatment. These goods are
igh priced, and intended only for parts
f plain wool costumes.
While combinations of plain and fancy
fgured goods, often in strongly con
rasted colors, remain extremely poput
ar, many handsome dresses are made ofi
he same color throughout, but of two
fabrics, and for these refined toilets ext
uisitely fine cashmere and moire are
specially favored.
In the new fancy woolen materials in
troduced for the spring and summer
season we remark that small white pat
terns very frequently occur. In some
fabrics irregular white stripes term a
sort check pattern, in others large white
dots are scattered over plain or striped
colored grounds.
Costumes of imperial serge, camel's
hair, vigogne, tricot cloth and of fine
anvas patterned fabrics, without limit,
will be in great demand, made up in
ombination with velvet-striped fabrics
of every description, or with skirt and
bodice trimmings of fancy colored satin
surah, figured with quaint geometric
and
In the Sandown mantles of cloth a
corbeille check in tones of fieldmouse
has its cape sleeves defined by a braid
about .tive inches in width in a dark~
shade of brown. This bordering band
is drawn over the shoulder in folds, sug
estive of braces, then carried in 11atness
ver the back to terminate on the skirt
with a cluster of rich and massive posse.
menterie balls.
The novelties in lace fichus might be
tersely described as an ingenious manip
ulation of squares. Each one is due to
a small handkerchief of that form, either
in cream or eru, the surface of which
is almost covered by open work em
broidery or lace. These hn!:Ckerchiefs
are folded so as to give a different shape
and appearance to each corner, and this,
with the assistance of ribbon, is achieved
so effectively that the four corners often
appar completely disconeted
THIm INTEI-STATE COMMISSION.
k An Imaport.int Letter Defining the Power
of the Comini-ioi as to Certain Cases.
The Inter-State Commission has madi
i public an important letter addressed t<
the Minnesota & Northwestern Railroat
Company, defining the poweis of thi
commission as to certain cases and ex
plaining why it is found impossible t<
accede at once to the urgent appeal o
the road for relief from the long ani
short haul clause of the law.
The lette r, written by Cha'rmat
Cooley, says it is generally accepted tha
the fourth section was designed to cs
tablish the general law that more mus
not be charged for a shorter than for
longer haul and to permit exception
in special and peculiar c.:ses only. Befor
the passage of the law railroads were th<
sole judges as to what circumstances o
conditions justified such practice an
the law evidently meant to take this dis
cretionary power out of the hands of th<
railroads and was passed in the belie:
that incidental injuries resulting fron
its enforcement would be more that
offset by advantages in the interest o:
the public good. The commission is a:
much bound by the law as are the car
riers, and has power of discriminatioi
only so far as it is its duty to do. Tht
law contemplates that there may b<
some special cases in which general goo
requires suspension. But such cases an
obviously exceptional ones. Special an(
peculiar circumstances and where onl3
general causes operate the general lam
shall be left to its general course, how
ever serious may be the consequence t<
particular roads. The law makesit clea;
that any suspension granted must bt
after an investigation, satisfying th
commission of the peculiar and excep
tioral circumstances rendering it neces
sary. The jurisdction of the commis
sion was meant to be closely restrictet
and it can grant no suspension simpl3
on the apprehension that enforcemen1
would prove harmful or upon the un
established assertion that it has done so.
Congress must necessarily have realizei
that some disturbances and injury would
be caused by the law and Congress alone
can be looked to for the remedy o1
modiflcations. The claim that the com
mission has power to suspend the ,claust
which were evil consequences are found
gives the commission general dispensinf
power inconsistent with sound principle.
of government and of which Congres
gave no hint. If the clause in its gener
al operation proved generally and equal
ly mischieveous on all directions, tht
commission, instead of having greatel
power to suspend, would be deprived ol
power for the rea:son that there woul
lbe no exceptional eases fOr it to act upor
and therefore lone coming within it.
discretionary authority. But there ar
of couhe excueial cas s and it is made
the duty of the commission to determin
what these are. hisnest be done by
tie investigutio' upon whichr the com
mission has entered Where an applica
tion for temporary suspuension is based or
such general principles that many other.
would have to follow, the commisbion ha,
bLst reasons for declining to grant it.
The letter is not designed to give any
intimation as to the permanent course o:
the commission, as no policy has beer
determined upon. The commission de
clares its regret that any injury is in
licted by the law and promises to give
such complaints proper consideration.
TIMOTH(Y .ND CLOVEL
ouestions Ah.tit Them Aiwered by an)
Experienced Uiitr
RroonvinLz, COLLETON Co., S. C.,
April 25, 1887.
HoN. A. P. BrTLM:, Commissioner
Wilyou kindly answer the following:
1s.Cntimothy adred clover, such
as is'grown further North, be successful
ly grown here?
2d. Should they be planted in Fall on
Spring?
3d. What manures would you recom
mend for them?
4th. Should they be grown together
or separately to secure best resuits for
hay?
If they can be grown, I wish to expe
riment fually, and if results arc satisfac.
tory, plant them extensively for hay.
I am not well enough acquainted with
this section to know, but from what I
can see, it appears that these grasses
should be cultivated here, and thereby
save the freights on hay from d1istant
points.
If you will kindly give me all necessa
ry information on the subject, you will
greatly oblige, yours truly,
C. H. Momrisr.
Questions like the above very fre
-uently come up for decision. In local
ies where the timothy and red clover
grow successfully, they are of such greal
value to the farming interests that only
repeated failures can deter those who
have known them elsewhere. Our
cuntrv comp~ies a .ast extent through
mauy ciegrees of lautadc and great i
verity of soil and clihnate. It cannot be.
reasounably expected that throughout
the s-e varvirng condit ions any particulai
agricultural product eou be saecessfally
cultivated. The grasses aLnd clover (whati
are generally known as the agricultural
gras;KcannUot beC proa bly grown it
the lower portions of our Stat. They
have often been tried, and in gardier
spot. and other favored lo ces may
succeed tolerably well, but they car
never be used for field cultureC or fot
large areas.
Nture is very bountiful, and leave:
no region uncared for :nd without its
equivalents. Along the sndy belt o:
low country of this State, of GTeorgia
and Florida, the grasses and clovers o:
more Northern latitudes cannot be sue
cessfully cultivated, but we have excel
lent substitutes in thle cow yea and veteL
for ha:y or for soiling, also the millet:
and sorghums for the same purpose 01
for the silo, Bermuda grass and Meanm
grass for permanent p)asturage and fo:
hay, and the annual erab grass and crow
foot, both of which make the very bes
of hay.
Thes- are some of our substitutes.
Each and every region is blessed by
bountiful Providence, and it is the part
of wisdom to make use of those: product.
which aLre best adapted to each regior
rather than to struggle against unnatura
conditions. H. WV. RavENEL.
Young and n i e aged men sulterin
from nervous debility,p-iature old age
loss oif memzory and kina. i symp~tone
should send 10) cents in stamg or larg
illustrated treatise suggesting sure gensI 0l
cure. World's Dispensary Medical A.sso
ciain Bufo, N. Y.
KELLY ON THE SOUTHL
HE RECORDS HIS OBSERVATINS OF
PROGRESS IN THIS SECTION.
The Pennsylvania Congressman Predlcts:a
Great Future for Us--He Calls it a "New
South."
Congressman Kelly, of Pennsylvania,
who has just returned to Washington
from an cxtended tour through some of
the Southern States, begun last March,
in an interv~w with a Star reporter,
records his observations of progress iD
that section of the country and predicts
a great future for the New South. Mr.
Kelly said: "In 1873, when I visited
Florida, the people there seemed to be
- without hope or aspiration, but for the
last six or seven years the State has
taken a position in the first ranks of the
New South. The people are energetic
and confident of the future. From Kes
seminie City and Rock Ledge, I visited
farms on the lands reclaimed by the
Drainage Company on native alluvial
fields and after a carelul spec'tion, I
am prepaied to say that Florida is
destined to a higher rank among the
agricultural States of the Union. The
rich s'.il is being intelligently cultivated
with great profit. Nvhen I left Florida
it was for a seas,.n of rest at Anniston,
Ala., one of the new cities that has
grown up in the mineral regions. From
Anniston I made excursions to other
towns in Alabama and in Georgia. After
a month's stay at Anniston, I turned my
steps toward Tennessee, passed ten days
most pleasantly at South Pittsburg,
which as Anniston has just done, will
soon surprise the country by establish
ing itself as an industrial centre of large
proportions and great activity. Every
where throughout the mineral regions of
the South enterprise and prosperity are
moving hand in hand, nor is this pros
perity of the New South confined to its
mineral regions, though the povertyand
listless which characterized the poor
people of the old South, still prevail to
a considerable extent. In her cotton
fields there is a large boom of enterprise
and imdrovement which is rapidly cur
ing that. Those which have caught the
spirit of progress do not longer plow
their fields with single mule liows.
They have learned the value of deep
plowing and of following the chill plow
by a heavy subsoil plow. They continue
to grow some cotton, but not open the
surface of exhausted fields, and they
diversify their crops. I am speaking
now of the progressive agriculturists
the representatives of the New South.
Instead of one crop of cotton they have
fields of wheat, rye, clover and other
crops. And to save their old time
"guano" bills, as they call bills for man
ufactured fertilizers, they turn under
grain crops and aid that with manure
from stock and well fed herds of cattle.
"The great boom of the South is near
at hand, and it will not be confined to
the mineral regions of that richest sec
tion of the country, but it will include
the agricultural regions as well."
In response to questions Judge Kelly
-aid that the evidences of progressive
farming were not confined to any State
or county, but were v.ible in places all
over the State. In the vicinity of the
rapidly developing mineral regions, he
says, the farms are models of good man
agement and thrift. Within four miles
of Anniston, Ala., he saw some of the
finest herds of Jersey cattle and one of
the largest and cleanest dairies he had
ever inspected. It was built up and
owned by a native of Alabama. Near
Rome, Ga., he saw herds of cattle and
dairies that would do credit to Pennsyl
vania or New York.
Justice Woods' Successor.
In connection with the probable choice
of a successor to the late Justice Woods,
og the Uniteal States Supreme Court, it
is remarked that some of the candidates
already named will probably be handi
capped by the fact that they are from
States which now have one or more rep
resentatives on the supreme bench, and
a candidate from a State having no such
representative will most likely be pre
f erred. While Justice Woods lived
Ohio had three of her sons in the Su
preme Court-the Chief Justice and
Justices Matthews and Woods, though
the latter nominally was appointed from
the South, where he had lived but a
brief time before his elevation to the
highest of our judicial tribunals. So
Ohio is not likely to be favored again,
which will count Judge Hoadly out. O
the other associate lustices the senior,
Judge Miller, is from Iowu; the next,
Justice Field, from California; Justice
Biradley, from New Jersey, Justice Har
lan, from Kentucky, Justice Gray, from
Massachusetts and Justice Blatchford
from New York. The South alone of
all sections of our country being entirely
unrepresented, many think a candidate
from any part of the South, Kentucky
ex-epted-because that State already has
a representative on the Supreme Court
bench in Judge Harlan-is most likely
to be the successful one.
Four of the present judges-the Chief
Justice, Justices Miller, Field and
Bradley-are now old enough to be
eligible for retirement whenever they
feel disposed to profit by the law per
mnitting them to retire on full salary.
Except the four named and Justice
Harlaa, who is now but M .years of age,
none of the present justice' have served
as long as ten years. Chief Justice
Waite and Justices Miller and Field are
each 31 years old, and Justice Bradley
is 74.
TeThe Southern Presb~yterians.
ern Presbyterian Church met at the
Grand Avenue Church in St. Louis on
Thursday. D~r. Bryson, of Huntsville,
Ala., the retiring Moderator, opened the
session by a sermon. At the close of
these exercises officers were elected for
the ensuing year. Dr. Strickler, of
Atlanta, was elected Moderator. The
session then adjourned to give the
Moderator time to make up his commit
tees. This session will endeav.,r to
unite the assemblies of the North and
South.
"She is not of my set," said the old hen,
as she chased a strange chicken out of the