“Assess the view that the condition of the peasantry in Russia was transformed in the period from 1855 to 1964.”

The conditions of the peasantry varied within the period 1855-1964 as the rulers had different ways of dealing with the peasants. There were times when the communists treated the urban working classes far worse than the tsars did such as during the rule of Stalin. On the other hand, there were also occasions when the tsars carried out policies that benefited working people such as reducing working hours. During the time of Alexander II, the urban working classes hardly existed so there could not be poor conditions for peasantry generally. In freeing the serfs, however, there was a side effect. Serfs fled to the towns and cities looking for work in factories, leading to urbanisation which caused public health problems such as the spread of cholera. In this way, Alexander II carried out a reform that did not help the working class and in turn created poor living conditions for the peasantry. His father, however, showed more interest in developing Russia’s industry which created jobs. He employed Witte to push industrialisation forwards including the expansion of the Trans-Siberian railway. However, like the other tsars, he used the police and army to eliminate any opposition when workers complained about conditions, showing how the peasantry endured great hardship through repression. Nicholas II continued his father’s economic policies, creating more regular and better paid work for those employed in industry. He introduced factory inspectors and, by 1917, the average working day had been reduced to eight hours. Better education was also introduced for the children of workers. However, urban living conditions got worse and little was done to solve the problem of the spread of disease. Workers either lived in overcrowded blocks of flats or barracks. The average flat housed 16 people and only about 30 per cent of the houses in the main cities had...

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OCR B: Russia in Turmoil, 1900-1924 - All Possible Essays Questions with Plans
(By Harry Bojakowski and Scarlett Stock [04.2013])
1. 1905 1.
Why did Tsarism become so unpopular with some groups by 1905?
Throughout the centuries leading up to the 20 , Russia had been ruled by the Romanov dynasty via autocracy. This lead to large periods of stagnation and extremely old-fashioned ways while the rest of European was becoming modern. This, along with many other factors lead to Tsarism becoming so unpopular. Beliefs Actions/Events Circumstances Tsar’s Beliefs – belief in royal Defeat in Russo-Japanese war – Discontent of the workers – 12+ working hours prerogative –“I will never agree Jan 1905 port Arthur fell and Strikes were illegal (only some to the representative form of Russian army defeated. government supervised trade government” Embarrassing and incompetent and inadequate government. unions) Still used and believed in Proved how backward and oldOvercrowding in living backward and classic ways of ruling Russia fashioned they were compared conditions Though he was always right to the rest of the world Cholera outbreak every three politically Figes – “it became patriotic to years General long-term discontent Bad priories – 45% annual be anti-government”. and resentment towards the expenditure on army, only 5% Tsar. on education. nd Bloody Sunday – 22 Jan 1905 Resentment from...

...1917 February Revolution and abdication of the Tsar
By 1917, Russia had reached a crisis situation. As detailed above, WW1 had taken a heavy toll on Russia both in terms of manpower, moral and indeed economic circumstances. On the 23rd of February, many gathered in Petrograd streets for International Women’s day. However, the Tsar, 500 miles away in Mogilev at the front was warned by 3 groups- The Okhrana, the Chairman of the Duma (Mikhail Rodzianko) and the British Ambassador, Sir George Buchanan. Okhrana reports stated that “We are on the eve of great events, in comparison to which 1905 was but a toy” (Okhrana in Malone pg 92). Rodzianko warned that “there is not a single honest or reliable man left in your entourage.....the greatest upheavals may be expected” (Page 93 Malone) Buchanan: “only a small portion of the army can be counted on to defend the dynasty” (Malone page 93) However these warnings were countered by Alexandra who told the Tsar in a letter that the uprisings were merely a “hooligan movement” and blamed the troubles on the Duma. Figes “the revolution started in the Bread queues” The growing strikes and unrest culminated and by 25th February striking workers had grown to 240,000 in number. Then the soldiers began to join the protesters and by 27th February they had control of the entire city of Petrograd. Despite dismissing warnings from Rodzianko as “More rubbish from that fat pig” (Malone) the Tsar ignored the...

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Russia possible essay questions:
Collapse Reform and reaction, 1855–1881
Why did Alexander II order the emancipation of the serfs in 1861? (12 marks)
Crimean War defeat
His own beliefs
Political considerations
Why did defeat in the Crimean War lead to reform under Alexander II? (12 marks)
Inadequate army training suggested Russia was not an “elite state”
Social unrest caused by the defeat
Pressure from intellectuals
Explain why Alexander II introduced further reforms following the Emancipation Edict of 1861. (12 marks)
Unequal social standings
Disappointment of UC (Aristocracy) and WC (peasants) at the Emancipation edict
Protest and riots in major cities
Explain why Alexander II slowed the pace of reform from the mid-1860s. (12 marks)
Assassination attempt in 1866
Influence from political members
Lack of support for the Tsar publicised in the press/spread by students
Why did Populism fail in Russia in the 1870s? (12 marks)
Lack of unity between groups – Land and Liberty > Black Partition/People’s Will
Violence of People’s Will was unpopular
Loyalty of the serfs to the Tsar
Explain why the Liberals were dissatisfied by Tsarist autocracy in 1881. (12 marks)
No power in the Zemstva
Power and control of the Russian Orthodox Church
Unwillingness of the Tsar to listen, highlighted by the backlash post 1866
How successful were Alexander II’s reforms in strengthening the Tsarist regime in the years 1855 to...

...﻿Which of Russia’s rulers from 1855-1964 was the most successful in serving the interests of the Russian people best?
Throughout the period 1856-1964 there was much continuity in the needs of the Russian people. The world around Russia was constantly developing, and Russia was increasingly falling behind. The Russian people needed a strong and stable leader that would address all of the needs of the Russian people, including political, social and economic issues. Not all of the issues were being addressed continually throughout the period as different leaders concentrated on specific problems that they felt would benefit Russia the most. For example, Tsar Alexander II made many social reforms whilst Khrushchev concentrated on political issues. The ruler who was most successful in meeting the needs of the Russian people through their policies and reform was Lenin.
During the period 1855-1964 there was a constant need to develop the political structure of Russia due to the needs and interests of the people. All of the Tsars in his period were autocratic and believed in divine right of kings. As a result of this, there was no democracy or freedom for the people and little change occurred. For the majority of the Alexander II’s reign there was a stable government, and little opposition. Alexander II introduced the zemstvos in 1864, which were a form of local government and allowed normal people to be represented in...

...the political and economic development of Russia during this period. Your timeline should include a minimum of 15 events over this time period.
Plot each event to indicate when they occurred, but also decide to what extent each event was moving Russia toward modernization and stability, or whether the event was moving Russia toward REVOLUTION.
For each event, provide a 1-2 sentence justification to explain why you placed it in a certain location on the peace-war axis. Your justification should indicate an understanding of how this event played a role in Russia’s political, social or economic development over this period.
When finished, use the timeline to consider how Russia was changing over this period, and assess whether Revolution would have been likely without the First World War?
15 Events
1. 1 March 1898, The Marxist Russian Social Democratic Party (RSLDP) holds its first Party Congress
2.30 June 1901, Socialist Revolutionary Party is founded
3. 17 November 1917, RSLDP splits into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
4. 8 February 1904, Russo- Japanese War begins
5.3 January 1905, Workers Strike in St, Petersburg
6. 9 January 1905, Bloody Sunday
7. 28 May 1905, First Soviet is formed during a textile strike
8. 14 June 1905, Mutiny of the Potkemin
9. 5 September 1905, End of Russo-Japanese war, Russia end up as losers
10.23 April 1906, First Duma called, but it was dissolved about 3...

...The main cause of the collapse of the Tsarist regime in Russia in 1917 was the First World War. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
In 1917 the rule of the Romanovs over Russia collapsed and Tsar Nicholas was forced to abdicate. He then offered the throne to his brother, who refused. There were many causes to the collapse of the Tsarist regime in 1917, including the First World War.
Russia entered the First World War for different reasons, including: to improve Tsar’s reputation in front of people after losing the Russo-Japanese war, to get influence and respect in Europe, to get land which is rich in resources (including a warm port) and, maybe, to reduce population and therefore it will be easier to deal with famines. And at first Russia was winning battles and was processing, until at the battle of Tannenberg the progression stopped. Moreover, in 1915 Tsar Nicholas assumed personal command over the army. This would mean that now the blame (or fame, if he would have won) would have been put on him. The Tsar resulted to be a poor commander, and soon the army was lacking basic resources such as rifles, millions of people were dying. The people became demoralised, thousands of men deserted. Now, without the support of the army, the Tsar was in a bad and unpleasant (and slowly worsening) situation.
Another cause of the happenings of 1917 was the discontent of the workers and peasants. Though it may not...

...﻿Russia Listeni/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation[7] (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈrat͡sɨjə] ( listen)), is a country situated in northern Eurasia.[8] It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world's ninth most populous nation with 143 million people as of 2012.[9] Extending across the entirety of northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans nine time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms.
The nation's history began with that of the East Slavs, who emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD.[10] Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted...

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Bibliographie :
http://franchiseinrussia.com/
http://en.azfra.com/articles/88-franchising-in-russia.html
http://books.google.fr/books?id=lwZV1L2mpfsC&amp;pg=PA395&amp;lpg=PA395&amp;dq=licensing+in+russia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=MxmR2xzaNr&amp;sig=kLs7JWBwQ613_5H-Fm_LtGfTTGA&amp;hl=fr&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=CCFGUfrfGcHBPMnOgKAO&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CEsQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;q=licensing%20in%20russia&amp;f=false
http://www.bakermckenzie.com/files/Publication/3f50107a-8f12-482f-b0fa-a135c11732e8/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/c94b8810-1854-43b9-b460-a30c3c792f34/bk_russia_dbi_10.PDF
Licensing Best Practices: The LESI Guide to Strategic Issues and contemporary realities ( Robert Goldscheider )
http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/index.jsp
http://www.papula-nevinpat.com/userData/papula/pdf-files/72304_russia_tm_design_esite_100x250_071209.pdf
http://m.gowlings.com/knowledgeCentre/publicationPDFs/01_Moscow_OverviewCopyrightRussia1.pdf
Parts I-III of the Russian Civil Code refer to legal protection of Intellectual Property rights. Any foreign legal entity or individual may use and look for protection for its (his or her) intellectual property rights in Russia. Russia is a signatory to major international treaties on intellectual property rights, including the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, the Paris...