2 INTRODUCTION Gastro-intestinal nematodes : a curse for sheep breeding Impact sheep health and welfare Strong economical burden for breeders (~85 M in the UK Nieuwhof & Bishop 2005) Anthelminthic resistant populations have been selected for worldwide Breeding for more resistant animals could help controlling nematodes in a more sustainable fashion ~30 % of the observed variation in resistance due to the genetic background Strong between breeds differences Need to know the genes : good understanding of mechanisms + improve breeding schemes.02

18 CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES Take home message A 4SNP region in OAR12 was associated to sheep resistance This functional study seems to confirm its role This region seems to impact worms fertility (1 σp) This region was associated to a Th-2 biased over-expression Perspectives Refine : association analysis in Martinik and Romane sheep Investigating the host-nematode system as a whole.018

23 Results of the bioinformatic approach Within the networks related to haemonchosis: a high number of genes mapped on OAR12 No. genes involved in immunity/hemostasis/plc-a2 activity No. genes OAR

24 Association analysis & breeds Due to the two pure breeds histories, SNP alleles may not mirror the same QTL alleles * Relationship between r of the Martinik breed and the Romane breed (0-10 Kb) m Q* n M Q* N M q N M Q* N * The mutation can have appeared after breeds diverged

25 Population genetics input Different environments different selection pressure Stronger selection pressure due to GIN in MBB sheep Is there any gene that has been selected in the MBB sheep and not in the RMN breed?

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