Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death in the United States and other modern societies. Advancing age is the major risk factor for CVD, primarily due to stiffening of the large elastic arteries and the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction. In contrast, regular aerobic exercise protects against the ...

Continued and frequent use of the affected arm can result in increased function after stroke. However, long-term access to therapy is often limited, and home exercise compliance is low. While rehabilitation gaming is becoming increasingly prevalent, concerns about therapeutic method, safety, and usability for independent home use remain largely unaddressed. ...

Despite the growing research interest in vascular adaptations to exercise training over the last few decades, it remains unclear whether microvascular function in healthy subjects can be further improved by regular training. Herein we sought to systematically review the literature and determine if microvascular dilator function is greater in athletes ...

Armstrong Hilary F HF Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York; - - 2014

Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been shown to improve the clearance of carbon dioxide and minute ventilation (V̇E) in select patients with COPD. One variable often assessed in COPD is ventilatory efficiency (V̇E/V̇CO2 ). We compared 55 LVRS subjects with 25 controls from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial. V̇E/V̇CO2 ...

The importance of regular physical activity in essential hypertension has been extensively investigated over the last decades and has emerged as a major modifiable factor contributing to optimal blood pressure control. Aerobic exercise exerts its beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system by promoting traditional cardiovascular risk factor regulation, as well ...

Determination of return-to-play (RTP) following sports-related concussion (SRC) is critical given the potential consequences of premature RTP. Current RTP guidelines may not identify persistent exercise-induced neurocognitive deficits in asymptomatic athletes following SRC. Therefore, post-exercise neurocognitive testing has been recommended to further inform the RTP determination. In order to implement this ...

Exercise training has been demonstrated to enhance physical function and to have a protective effect against functional limitations and disability in older adults. The objective of this study was to determine whether the effects of a home-based, DVD-delivered exercise intervention on functional performance and limitations were maintained 6-month postintervention termination. ...

Weng Timothy B TB 1Department of Psychology and 2Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, - - 2014

To increase understanding about the effects of moderate intensity physical activity on cognitive function, the current study examined whether a single bout of aerobic exercise exerts differential effects on distinct aspects of executive function in healthy young adults. A within-subjects study was designed where 26 young adult participants (mean age ...

The ability to accurately measure skeletal muscle functional performance at the single-cell level would be advantageous for exercise physiology studies and disease modeling applications. To that end, this study characterizes the functional response of individual skeletal muscle myotubes derived from adult rodent tissue to creatine treatment and chronic exercise. The ...

Abstract Background: We report the first controlled study of Tai Chi effects on the P300 event-related potential, a neuroelectric index of human executive function. Tai Chi is a form of exercise and moving meditation. Exercise and meditation have been associated with enhanced executive function. This cross-sectional, controlled study utilized the ...

Prolonged endurance exercise is associated with elevated biomarkers associated with myocardial damage and modest evidence of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Recent studies have reported more profound effects on right ventricular (RV) function following endurance exercise. We performed a meta-analysis of studies reporting RV function pre-endurance and postendurance exercise. We performed ...

Szczechowicz Jakub J Division of Kinesiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, - - 2014

Background. Finger tendon injuries represent very common consequences of hand injuries and, if not properly treated, can lead to substantial hand function impairment and interfere with activities of daily living. This article presents the results of rehabilitation of a female patient after thumb extensor tendon injury in Verdan's zone III. ...

Abstract Purpose: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an original intervention programme of unstable surface dual-task functional exercises on postural stability in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID). Methods: A total of 34 adolescents with ID, aged 14-16 years, were engaged in our study. A 17-person experimental group (E) ...

Can a specific exercise strategy improve shoulder function and pain in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome, thereby decreasing the need for arthroscopic subacromial decompression? Compared with a control exercise group, patients in the specific exercise group had significantly greater improvements in shoulder function and pain and fewer patients needed surgery ...

Summary.-The study presents the results of a case study with a repeated data collection design: a recent and former world champion power lifter provided weekly e-mails, during approximately 6 mo. of training and competition, with a description of his 'self-determined self-talk.' The instruction used for self-talk (ST) mentioned its associations ...

D'Andrea Antonello A Chair of Cardiology, Second University of Naples, Naples, - - 2014

Long-term intensive exercise training programs lead to numerous progressive cardiac adaptations, which are collectively termed "athlete's heart." Noninvasive diagnostic techniques, such as color Doppler echocardiography, have been widely used in the analysis of the athlete's heart. Initial experiences focused mainly on left heart adaptations to training. However, in recent years, ...

-Over the past 15 years, a myriad of mutations in genes encoding cardiac ion channels and ion channel interacting proteins have been linked to a long list of inherited atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic and functional determinants underlying exercise-induced polymorphic ventricular ...

Introduction: We investigated and compared the effects of 2 different types of upper extremity exercise training on upper extremity function, strength, endurance, and ambulation in patients with early-stage Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods: The study group (n=12) exercised with an arm ergometer under the supervision of a physiotherapist, while the ...

This study was aimed at investigating the impact of a single exercise intervention on executive function in young adults with Down syndrome (DS). Considering the relations among executive function, physical and mental health and early onset of Alzheimer's disease in this population, we tested three components of executive function (e.g. ...

The prevalence of advanced heart failure (HF) is increasing due to the aging population and improvements in HF management strategies. Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) technology and management continue to advance rapidly and it is anticipated that the number of LVAD implants will increase. LVADs have been demonstrated to extend ...

The aim of this study was to verify how listening to instrumental asynchronous music, with tempo of 90 bpm, can affect the aerobic physical performance in elderly women engaged in a continuous and constant exercising, predominantly aerobic, consisting of walking routines. Twenty women (N.=20, age=75.8±4.2 years) volunteered to the study ...

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) results in adverse physiologic, metabolic, and functional side effects that may accelerate functional limitations in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Although exercise improves muscular strength and functional performance, the extent to which exercise yields similar improvements in other disablement process outcomes in men on ADT has yet ...

This study aimed to determine the effect of perceived exercise benefits and barriers on exercise levels among women who have been treated for breast cancer, and who were not part of formal exercise interventions. Anonymous, national online cross-sectional survey. 432 women treated for breast cancer completed an online survey covering ...

Cote Anita T AT *Cardiovascular Physiology and Rehabilitation Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; †Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; ‡Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada; §Environmental Physiology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and ¶Division of Sports Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, - - 2014

Martinez-Gomez David D 1Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 2Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; 3Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, - - 2014

High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is strongly associated with longer life among older adults. CRF can be assessed by exercise-based methods, which are not feasible in most clinical settings. Thus, non-exercise algorithms to estimate CRF have been developed, but whether they predict mortality in older adults is uncertain. A cohort of ...

In the manuscript "Oestrogen-dependent satellite cell activation and proliferation following a running exercise occurs via the PI3K signalling pathway and not IGF-1." by Mangan et al. sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of exercise training and estradiol treatment on the activation of satellite cells. The ...

Testosterone (T) deficiency syndrome (TDS) is a prevalent condition, commonly managed with exogenous T. Despite an abundance of T formulations, alternative treatments are often sought for various reasons. To evaluate outcomes of alternative therapies, a PubMed search was performed of all publications that included men with TDS from 1990 through ...

ABSTRACT Objective: Menopausal characteristics (i.e., the nature of menopause, hormone therapy, and time elapsed since menopause) are known to affect women's health-related quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine whether menopausal characteristics affect the cardiorespiratory exercise response and which characteristics should be considered for exercise prescription. ...

Breast cancer treatment may be a cause of postural disorders. Assessment of the effects of various forms of physical activity on body posture in the sagittal plane in women post breast cancer treatment. Sixty women who had received breast cancer treatment. The study group was intentionally divided into three groups ...

Participation in regular physical activity is among the most promising and cost effective strategies to reduce physical and cognitive decline and premature death. However, confusion remains about the amount, frequency, and duration of physical activity that is likely to provide maximum benefit as well as the way in which interventions ...

We examined the association between exercise during pregnancy and meeting gestational weight gain recommendations. Data came from the 2009 South Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (n = 856). Women reported their participation in exercise/sports activities before and during pregnancy, including the number of months and types of exercise. We developed an ...

To explore factors influencing exercise adherence among women with breast cancer while following an exercise programme. Earlier research shows that women with breast cancer decrease physical activity following the cancer diagnosis and that adhering to exercise interventions can be a challenge. Research is needed to identify motivational factors and barriers ...

The effectiveness of exercise therapy in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA) is widely evidenced. The current study aims to compare the effectiveness of massage therapy as a co-adjuvant treatment for KOA. A blind, randomized controlled trial design was used. Eighteen women were randomly allocated to two different ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether 17β-Estradiol (E2) enhances the activation, proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells (SC) following eccentric exercise either via Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) or through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. This study used 64, nine-week old, ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats that were divided into ...

As adjuvant therapy for enhancing the effects of stimulants and thereby minimizing medication doses, we hypothesized that aerobic exercise might be an effective adjunctive therapy for enhancing the effects of methylphenidate on the clinical symptoms, cognitive function and brain activity of adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty-five adolescents ...

The reduction in the secretion of ovarian hormones, principally estrogen, is a consequence of menopause. Estrogens act primarily as female sex hormones, but also exert effects on different physiological systems including the central nervous system. The treatment normally used to reduce the symptoms of menopause is the hormone therapy, which ...

Kim Won-Jin WJ Department of Rehabilitation, College of Humanities and Social Science, Kosin University, Republic of - - 2014

This study was conducted to identify the effects of a fall-prevention exercise program on the participation and static balance of elderly persons in daily life roles. [Subjects] Ten participants over 65 years of age (75.29±2.93) who were healthy community-dwellers (two men and eight women) were recruited. [Methods] The participants exercised three ...

The phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery time constant (τ) following exercise provides a measure of mitochondrial oxidative capacity. The purpose of this investigation was to use 2 different protocols to determine τ in adolescent females. 31P-MR spectra were collected during 2 exercise tests in 6 adolescent girls (13.8 ± 0.3 y) and ...

[Purpose] The present study analyzed the effect of the Togu exercise program on the lumbar back strength of middle-aged women who did not perform regular exercise, and presents an effective exercise method for middle-aged women with chronic low back pain symptom. [Subjects] The subjects were 16 women with chronic low ...

All systemically administered glucocorticoids (GC) are prohibited in-competition, because of the potential ergogenic effects. Although short-term GC intake has been shown to improve performance during submaximal exercise, literature on its impact during brief intense exercise appears to be very scant. The purpose of this study was to examine the ergogenic ...

Several studies conducted in a laboratory-related environment have shown that exercise is associated with increased muscle quality in older adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether recreational exercise may also be associated with muscle quality in men and women aged 50 years and over. Data are from ...