Other Punctuation • Recognize acceptable applications of the dash. • Use parentheses to deemphasize material. • Understand the use of commas, dashes, and parentheses to set off nonessential material. • Punctuate and capitalize material set off by parentheses and dashes. Ch. 18 - 3

Other Punctuation • Use double and single quotation marks correctly. • Place other punctuation marks correctly in relation to quotation marks. • Use brackets, underscores, and italics appropriately. Ch. 18 - 4

Using Periods End Punctuation • Use periods at the end of statements, commands, indirect questions, and polite requests. Ch. 18 - 5

Using Periods Statement Business usually improves in the fall. Command Place an order for printer paper now. Indirect question A customer asked whether we ship c. o. d. Polite request Will you please send me your catalog. Ch. 18 - 6

Using Periods Abbreviations • Do not use periods after the following lowercase abbreviations. mph (miles per hour) wpm (words per minute) mm (millimeter) kg (kilogram) Ch. 18 - 8

Using Periods Abbreviations • Do not use periods for most capitalized abbreviations such as ID, CPA, IQ, CEO, RAM, IBM. The computer CPU was delivered for repairs. Ch. 18 - 9

Using Periods Abbreviations • Use periods for most abbreviations containing capital and lowercase letters. Ms. Carolyn Myer was interviewed for a position by Jon Mason, Ph. D. Ch. 18 - 10

Using Periods Abbreviations • Use periods with abbreviations that represent academic degrees, geographical expressions, and initials of a person’s first and middle names. Your appointment with R. T. Ryan, M. D. , from the U. K. is on Friday. Ch. 18 - 11

Using Periods Numerals • Use a period (decimal point) to mark a decimal fraction. Only 17. 25 percent of the surveys were returned. Ch. 18 - 15

Using Question Marks Direct Question • Use a question mark at the end of a direct question. Is this the order for Lamson, Ltd. ? We wondered whether the order had been sent. [Note that no question mark follows an indirect question. ] Ch. 18 - 16

Using Question Marks Appended Question • Use a question mark after a question that is appended to a statement. The meeting is at 9: 30 a. m. , isn’t it? Ch. 18 - 17

Using Question Marks Appended Question • Use a question mark after a question that is appended to a statement. The meeting is at 9: 30 a. m. , isn’t it? [Note the comma that separates the statement from the question. ] Ch. 18 - 18

Using Question Marks Expression of Doubt • A question mark within parentheses may be used to indicate a degree of doubt, but careful writers avoid this device. The meeting is next week (Tuesday? ). Ch. 18 - 19

Using Exclamation Marks Expression of Strong Emotion • Use an exclamation mark after a word, phrase, or clause expressing strong emotion. What a marvelous view! Stop! That door is not an exit! Ch. 18 - 20

Using Exclamation Marks Mild Interjections • Do not use an exclamation mark after mild interjections, such as oh and well. Well, you seem to be really interested. Ch. 18 - 21

Using Dashes Parenthetical Elements With Internal Punctuation • A parenthetical element that contains internal commas should be set off by dashes. Three employees–Ann, Mike, and Ramon–were honored. Ch. 18 - 39

Using Dashes Parenthetical Elements With Internal Punctuation • A parenthetical element that contains internal commas should be set off by dashes. Three employees–Ann, Mike, and Ramon–were honored. Ch. 18 - 40

Using Dashes Parenthetical Elements With Internal Punctuation • A parenthetical element that contains internal commas should be set off by dashes. Three employees–Ann, Mike, and Ramon–were honored. Ch. 18 - 41

Using Dashes Sentence Interruption • Use dashes to show an abrupt change of thought or to achieve emphasis. (But use this device sparingly!) All assistants–and that includes Tiffany–are invited. You do all the work–she gets all the credit! Ch. 18 - 42

Using Dashes Summarizing Statements • Use a dash (not a colon) to separate an introductory list from a summarizing statement. Stationery, order forms, and file folders–these are items we need immediately. Ch. 18 - 43

Using Dashes Quotations • Use a dash between a quotation and its source. “A little learning is a dangerous thing. ”–Alexander Pope Ch. 18 - 44

Using Parentheses Explanations, References, and Directions • Explanations, references, and directions are often enclosed within parentheses. Assembly of the bookcase (see the instruction manual) is easy and quick. Ch. 18 - 47

Using Parentheses Additional Considerations • A punctuation mark that would normally occupy the position already occupied by the second parenthesis is placed after that parenthesis. If everyone can attend the last meeting of the year (April 3), we will vote on the issue. Ch. 18 - 48

Using Parentheses Additional Considerations • For an enclosed question or exclamation embedded in a sentence, include a question mark or exclamation mark. The compact disk Sevens (have you heard it? ) is available at the music store. Ch. 18 - 49

Using Parentheses Additional Considerations • For an enclosed statement embedded in a sentence, no period is used after the enclosed statement. Write an appreciation letter (this should be done as soon as possible) to the person hosting the luncheon. Ch. 18 - 50

Using Parentheses Additional Considerations • For material enclosed by parentheses but not embedded in another sentence, use normal punctuation. In the last six months, the value of some penny stocks has tripled. (Can you believe it? ) Ch. 18 - 51

Using Quotation Marks Short Expressions • Slang, words used in a special sense, and words following stamped or marked are often enclosed within quotation marks. We thought the haircut was “rad. ” [Slang] Ch. 18 - 61

Using Quotation Marks Short Expressions The mechanic had to “bleed” the brakelines of the car. [Word used in a special sense] The letter is stamped “Confidential. ” [Confidential follows stamped] Ch. 18 - 62

Using Quotation Marks Definitions • Use quotation marks to enclose definitions of words or expressions. The word liability is defined as “a debt owed by a business. ” Ch. 18 - 63

Using Quotation Marks Definitions • The word or expression being defined should be underscored or set in italics. The word liability is defined as “a debt owed by a business. ” Ch. 18 - 64

Using Quotation Marks With Other Punctuation Marks • Question marks and exclamation marks may go inside or outside closing quotation marks, as required by the quotation. Ch. 18 - 68

Using Quotation Marks With Other Punctuation Marks Professor Dooley said, “How many have completed the assignment? ” [Quotation is a question] Do you know who first used the expression “the almighty dollar”? [Sentence, not quotation, is a question] Ch. 18 - 69

Using Brackets Inserted Remarks • Within quotations of the words of others, writers use brackets to enclose their own inserted remarks. “Our current budget deficit [$187, 000], ” said Mr. Holmes, “prevents the declaration of dividends. ” Ch. 18 - 70

Using Brackets Sic • Within quotations, brackets enclose the word sic, which means thus or so. • This Latin term is used to indicate that the words quoted actually appear thus in the original source. The newspaper article contained this statement: “Mr. Sims said, ‘I demand payment irregardless [sic] of the result. ’” Ch. 18 - 71

Using Underscores and Italics Literary Titles • Underscores or italics are normally used for titles of books, magazines, newspapers, movies, and other complete works published separately. Did you see the article titled “Age of Uncertainty” in today’s Los Angeles Times? Ch. 18 - 72

Using Underscores and Italics Other Words • A word under discussion in a sentence and used as a noun is underscored or italicized. I was surprised to see the word infer misused in the editorial. Ch. 18 - 73

Chapter 18 - Quiz Insert any necessary punctuation in the following sentence. 3. Wow A total of 902 percent of the voters approved the restaurant smoking ban [Express the number as 90 and 2/100 percent. ] Ch. 18 - 86

Chapter 18 - Quiz Insert any necessary punctuation in the following sentence. 3. Wow! A total of 90. 2 percent of the voters approved the restaurant smoking ban. Ch. 18 - 87

Chapter 18 - Quiz Insert any necessary punctuation in the following sentence. 4. Planning directing and controlling these are functions of a manager Ch. 18 - 88

Chapter 18 - Quiz Insert any necessary punctuation in the following sentence. 4. Planning, directing, and controlling–these are functions of a manager. Ch. 18 - 89

Chapter 18 - Quiz Insert any necessary punctuation in the following sentence. 5. Three outstanding students Debbie Frank and John came early to help. [Emphasize. ] Ch. 18 - 90

Chapter 18 - Quiz Insert any necessary punctuation in the following sentence. 5. Three outstanding students–Debbie, Frank, and John–came early to help. Ch. 18 - 91

Chapter 18 - Quiz Insert any necessary punctuation in the following sentence. 6. When you return is it April 5 will you be able to discuss budget figures Ch. 18 - 92

Chapter 18 - Quiz Insert any necessary punctuation in the following sentence. 6. When you return (is it April 5? ), will you be able to discuss budget figures? Ch. 18 - 93

Chapter 18 - Quiz Insert any necessary punctuation in the following sentence. 7. A career said Ms Harman is a lifelong series of work-related experiences [Direct quotation. ] Ch. 18 - 94