This research aims to point out the power of images and representations, as well as the power of some concepts related to these representations and transmitted through verbal and visual discourses. The city of Cairo offers a rich example to be analyzed. Thanks to a long history, it has an important place in collective imagination. Through the study of four images and two concepts, this article raises the issue of the relationship between reality and imagination, and questions the way new representations of Cairo are being built, according to the actual context. These representations are of crucial importance because they aren’t only adding new elements to the previous image, but they are playing an important role in the heritage-making process and in rewriting national History.