A common disorder of the arteries. Yellowish plaques of cholesterol, fats, and other remains are deposited in the walls of large and medium-sized arteries. The vessel walls become thick and hardened.

The vessel narrows and lessens circulation to organs and other areas normally supplied by the artery. These plaques (atheromas) are major causes of heart disease, chest pain (angina pectoris), heart attacks, and other disorders of the circulation.

How atherosclerosis develops is not clear. It may begin with injury to the artery or with an increase of muscle in vessel walls. Excess saturated fats in the diet, faulty carbohydrate processing, or a genetic defect may also be causes.

Atherosclerosis usually occurs with ageing.

It is often linked to being overweight and having high blood pressure and diabetes.

Portions of arteries that are blocked or damaged may be replaced by patches, or bypassed, as in coronary bypass surgery. Laser surgery may also be used.

Eating a diet low in cholesterol, calories, and saturated fats, getting adequate exercise, and avoiding smoking and stress may help prevent the disorder.

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